,a/ral ,wor%ip  by  ,j4 ,h4 ,hill1 ,m4  
,d4        ,n[1 :at ,i want             
is--facts4--,boz4                       
,,cont5ts4 ,,introduction               
#e ,,! ,,geoc5tric ,,sy/em ,,( ,,nature 
#ac    ,! ,e>?                          
#ac    ,! ,firmam5t                     
#ac    ,! ,planets                      
#ad    ,! ,con/ellations                
#ae    ,! ,zodiac                       
#ae ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,numb]s #g ,,& #ab     
#ag ,,! ,,twelve ,,?\s& ,,ye> ,,cycle   
#ah ,,! ,,anci5t ,,triad                
#ai ,,god ,,sol                         
#bb ,,! ,,anci5t ,,cosmogony            
#cj ,,fall ,,& ,,r$emption ,,( ,,man    
#ca ,,inc>nations ,,( ,,god ,,sol       
#cc ,,fable ,,( ,,! ,,twelve ,,labors   
#cf ,,anniv]s>ies ,,( ,,sol> ,,wor%ip   
#dj    ,! ,nativity                     
#dj    ,epiphany or ,twelf? ,day        
#da    ,l5t or ,l5t5 ,season            
#db    ,passion ,week                   
#dd    ,passion ,plays                  
#de    ,resurrection & ,ea/] ,fe/ival   

#df    ,annunciation                    
#dh    ,asc5sion                        
#di    ,assumption                      
#di    ,! ,"l's ,supp]                  
#ej    ,transub/antiation               
#ej    ,autumnal ,crucifixion           
#ea    ,mi*aelmas                       
#ef ,,p]sonifications ,,( ,,!           
,,divisions ,,( ,,"t     #eg    ,! ,h\rs
                                  #eg   
,! ,days                                
#eg    ,! ,mon?s                        
#eh    ,! ,seasons                      
#fj    ,half ,ye> ( ,increas+ ,days     
#fc    ,half ,ye> ( ,decreas+ ,days     
#fc    ,la/ ,qu>t] ( ! ,ye>             
#fd ,,zodiacal ,,symbols ,,( ,,sol>     
,,wor%ip             #fd    ,! ,sph9x   
#fe    ,! ,dragon                       
#ff    ,! ,bull                         
#fg    ,! ,ram                          
#fh    ,! ,lamb                         
#fh    ,! ,fi%                          
#ga ,,signs ,,( ,,! ,,cross             
#gb ,,future ,,rew>ds ,,& ,,puni%m5ts   

#gd    ,! ,ori5tal ,sy/em               
#ge    ,! ,occid5tal ,sy/em             
#ge    ,! ,second or ,g5]al ,judgm5t    
#gg ,,jewi%1 ,,or ,,anci5t ,,*ri/ianity 
#gi ,,! ,,prophecies                    
#hc ,,roman ,,or ,,mod]n ,,*ri/ianity   
#hh ,,freemasonry ,,& ,,druidism        
#aji ,,! ,,sabba?                       
#aag ,,pi\s ,,frauds                    
#aba ,,conclusion                       
#abe     ,,introduction4  ,9 an article1
 entitl$ ,!n & ,n[1 publi%$ 9 ! ,decemb]
 numb]1 #ahij1 ( ,! ,ar5a1 its au?or1 a 
di/+ui%$ ,unit>ian ,d4,d4 ( ,bo/on1     
,mass41 says4 ,a/ronomy has %att]$ !    
fallacies ( ,a/rology2 & p h f\nd out t 
! />s are m9d+ _! own bus9ess in/ead (  
m$dl+ ) !irs4 ,n[1 :ile x is true t     
mod]n ,a/ronomy has sup]s$$ ! anci5t    
sy/em1 & p h ceas$ to believe t ! />s   
are int]v5+ 9 mundane affairs1 no?+ c\ld
 be fur!r f ! tru? ?an ! ass]tion t     
,a/ronomy has %att]$ ! fallacies (      
,a/rology2 & ^? ( our read]s :o w accord
 to ?is "w an unprejudic$ p]usal c h>dly

 fail to be conv9c$ t a l>ge majority ( 
! p ( ,*ri/5dom are dom9at$ z mu* by ^! 
fallacies z 7 our ,pagan ance/ry--! only
 diff]5ce be+ a *ange ( "n4 ,! dogmatic 
elem5t ( religion1 :i* 0 anci5tly       
designat$ z ,a/rology1 is n[ kn[n z     
,!ology4  ,all ! evid5ces be>+ ^u !     
subject indicate t ! f\nd]s ( ! prim>y  
=m ( religion 7 a sect ( philosoph]s1   
kn[n z ,magi1 or wise m51 ( ! ,aryan    
race ( ,c5tral ,asia1 :o1 hav+ liv$ ages
 be=e any conceptions ( ! sup]natural _h
 obta9$ 9 ! _w1 & speculat+ relative to 
! beg9n+s ( ?+s1 7 necess>ily conf9$ to 
! contemplation & /udy ( nature1 !      
elem5ts ( :i* !y believ$ to be          
self-exi/5t & endless 9 duration2 b1 be+
 :olly )\t k ( h] inh]5t =ces1 !y       
expla9$ h] manifold processes by        
conceiv+ ! idea t %e 0 animat$ by a     
great & inh]5t s\l or _s1 emanations f  
:i* impress$ all h] p>ts ) life &       
motion4 ,?us1 end[+ man1 & o!r animals1 
) s\ls emanat+ alike f ! imag9>y great  
s\l ( nature1 !y believ$1 & taught1 t   

imm$iately aft] dea? all s\ls 7 absorb$ 
into _! s\rce1 :]e1 z ! dewdrop slips   
into ! %9+ sea1 all p]sonal id5tity 0   
=ev] lo/4 ,h5ce we see t al?\gh         
recogniz+ ! s\l z immortal1 consid]+ x1 
n z an entity exi/+ indep5d5t ( matt]1 b
 z ! _s ( matt] itself1 ! prim>y        
religion 0 ! expon5t ( ! pure/ =m (     
,mat]ialism4  ,be+ ! ,a/ronom]s ( _!    
day1 & mi/ak+ ! app>5t = ! real1 !      
anci5t ,magi con/ruct$ t errone\s sy/em 
( nature kn[n z ! ,geoc5tric1 &1 9      
con=mity !reto1 compos$ a collection (  
,a/ronomical ,allegories1 9 :i* !       
emanations f ! imag9>y great s\l (      
nature1 by :i* !y believ$ all           
mat]ialities we're impress$ ) life &    
motion1 7 p]sonifi$ & made to play _!   
respective p>ts4 ,bas+ ! religion !y    
in/itut$ ^u _! sy/em ( ,allegorical     
,a/ronomy1 & mak+ its p]sonifications ! 
objects ( wor%ip1 !y ?us orig9at$ !     
an?ropomorphic or man-l ,gods1 &1 claim+
 to h compos$ !m "u ! inspiration ( ^!  
self same div9ities1 !y designat$ !m z  

sacr$ records1 or ,scriptures1 & taught 
! ignorant masses t !y 7 lit]al         
hi/ories1 & _! p]sonifications real     
p]sonages1 :o1 hav+ once liv$ ^u e>?1 &2
 = ! good ( mank9d1 p]=m$ ! wondr\s     
works imput$ to !m1 7 !n 9 heav5 :5ce !y
 came4  ,?us we see t ! prim>y religion1
 :i* is popul>ly kn[n z ,paganism1 0    
f\nd$ 9 ! wor%ip ( p]sonifi$ nature2 t1 
accord+ special homage to ! imag9>y g5ii
 ( ! />s1 & inculcat+ supreme adoration 
to ! div9ity suppos$ to reside 9 ! sun1 
x 0 anci5tly kn[n by ! g5]al "n (       
,a/rolatry1 & by ! m specific "o ( sol> 
wor%ip2 & t its f\nd]s1 arrogat+ to     
!mselves ! title ( ,a/rolog]s1 gave to  
its dogmatic elem5t ! "n ( ,a/rology4   
,9 /udy+ ! primitive =ms ( religion x w 
be f\nd t none ( !m taught any?+        
relative to a future life1 = ! simple   
reason t _! f\nd]s _h no conceptions (  
su* a /ate4 ,h5ce x foll[s t ! laws !y  
enact$ 7 int5d$ solely = ! regulation ( 
_! social relations1 &1 to secure _!    
obs]vance1 !y 7 embodi$ into _! sacr$   

records & made "p ( _! religion4 ,"o =m 
( t mo/ anci5t wor%ip 0 kn[n z ,sabaism1
 or ,sabism4 ,ano!r =m ( ! same religion
 0 ! ,anci5t ,judaism1 z portray$ 9 !   
,old ,te/am5t1 & m especially 9 !       
,p5tateu*1 or fir/ five books2 9 !      
,decalogue ( :i* ! only promise made = !
 obs]vance ( "o ( ! ,comm&m5ts is l5g? (
 days on e>?2 &1 9 a g5]al summ+ up ( ! 
bless+s & curses to be enjoy$ or suff]$1
 = ! obs]vance or violation ( ! laws1 z 
record$ 9 ! #bh? *apt] ( ,deut]onomy1 x 
w be se5 !y are all ( a temporal "*     
only4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era !re 
7 /ill 9 exi/5ce a sect ( ,jews kn[n z  
,sadducees1 :o 7 /rict adh]5ts to !     
primitive =m ( wor%ip1 & _! belief      
relative to ! /ate ( ! dead we f9d      
record$ 9 ,ecclesia/es xii41 #g1 :i*    
reads3 ,!n %all ! du/ return to e>? z x 
01 & ! _s %all return to ,god :o gave x4
  ,= ages ! doctr9e ( s\l absorption1   
imm$iately aft] dea?1 con/itut$ ! belief
 ( mank9d2 b ultimately recogniz+ ! fact
 t ! temporal puni%m5ts ( ! exi/+ laws 7

 :olly inadequate to ! prev5tion (      
crime1 & conceiv+ ! idea t ! ignorant & 
vici\s masses c\ld be gov]n$ ) a sur] h&
 by appeal+ to ! s5tim5ts ( hope & fe> 9
 relation to ! rew>ds & puni%m5ts ( an  
imag9>y future life1 ! anci5t ,a/rolog]s
 resolv$ to remodel ! dogmatic elem5ts (
 religion s z to include t doctr9e4 ,b  
realiz+ ! necessity1 ( suppress+ !      
belief 9 ! absorption ( all s\ls1       
imm$iately aft] dea?1 !y ceas$ to tea*  
x1 & ultimately x 0 embodi$ 9 t secret &
 unwritt5 sy/em kn[n z ! ,esot]ic       
philosophy1 9 :i* ! ,a/rolog]s =mulat$  
_! own private belief1 & :i* = _m       
c5turies 0 kept f ! k ( ! un9itiat$ by  
_! successors 9 ! prie/ly (fice4 ,z !y 7
 ! sole cu/odians ( ! ,scriptures1 !y   
made d *ange 9 _! v]biage1 b1 add+ !    
doctr9e ( future rew>ds & puni%m5ts to t
 writt5 & op5ly taught sy/em ( fai? kn[n
 z ! ,exot]ic cre$1 !y made x ! m       
impressive by in/itut+ a sy/em ( impos+ 
rites & c]emonies1 :i* !y designat$ z   
,my/]ies1 into :i* !y initiat$ !        

neophytes1 & 9 :i* 7 portray$1 9 ! mo/  
vivid mann]1 ! rew>ds & puni%m5ts ( !   
imag9>y future life1 :i* !y taught 7 !  
aw>ds ( ! ,gods = ! obs]vance or        
violation ( ! laws4 ,^! tea*+s 7        
inculcat$ 9 ! less] degrees only1 b ^?  
:o 7 f\nd wor?y ( s great a di/9ction 7 
also induct$ into ! high] degrees1 9 :i*
 0 imp>t$ ! k ( ! ,esot]ic philosophy4  
,9 bo? ! less] & high] degrees !        
initiates receiv$ in/ruction 9 an oral  
mann] only2 & all 7 b\nd by ! mo/ fe>ful
 oa?s n to reveal ! secrets imp>t$ to   
!m4  ,?us 7 ! vot>ies ( ! anci5t ,a/ral 
wor%ip divid$ into two di/9ct classes1 !
 ,esot]ics1 or ,gno/ics2 & ! ,exot]ics1 
or ,agno/ics2 ! =m] compris+ ^? :o knew 
t ! ,gods 7 my?ical & ! scriptures      
allegorical2 & ! latt]1 ^? :o 7 taught t
 ! ,gods 7 real1 & ! scriptures         
hi/orical2 or1 9 o!r words1 x 0         
philosophy = ! cultur$ few1 & religion =
 ! ignorant multitude4 ,! initiates into
 ! secrets ( ^! two sy/ems recogniz$ !m 
z ! two ,gospels2 & ,paul mu/ h _h      

ref]5ce to !m 9 8 ,epi/le to !          
,galatians ii41 #b1 :]e he di/+ui%es !  
,gospel :i* he prea*$ on ord9>y         
occasions f t ,gospel :i* he prea*$     
privately to !m :i* 7 ( reputation4     
,su* 0 ! sy/em ( ,a/rolatry1 :i*1       
orig9at+ 9 ! ,ori5t1 & becom+1 aft] be+ 
remodell$ 9 ,egypt1 ! prototype ( all   
,occid5tal =ms ( wor%ip1 0 recogniz$1   
successively1 z ! /ate religion ( !     
,grecian & ,roman ,empires2 & we propose
 to describe ! errone\s sy/em ( nature  
^u :i* x 0 bas$1 & to develop ! orig9s (
 its cycles1 dogmas1 ord9ances1         
anniv]s>ies1 p]sonifications & symbols1 
) ! view to prov+ t x 0 ! v same sy/em  
:i* 0 ultimately p]petuat$ "u ! "n (    
,*ri/ianity4 ,we also propose to pres5t 
! orig9s & abridg$ hi/ories ( its two   
=ms1 ! ,jewi%1 or anci5t1 & ! ,roman1 or
 mod]n2 & to give an acc\nt ( ! conflict
 betwe5 ! vot>ies ( ! latt]1 & ! adh]5ts
 to ! e/abli%$ =m ( wor%ip1 :i* culm9at$
 9 ! f\r? c5tury 9 ! sub/itution (      
,*ri/ianity z ! /ate religion ( ! ,roman

 ,empire4 ,we fur!rmore propose to %[ ! 
*anges to :i* ! cre$ & scriptures 7     
subject$ dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 & at !   
,re=mation 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 ?r\gh :i*
 !y assum$ ! phases z n[ taught 9 !     
!ologies1 respectively ( ,ca?olicism &  
,or?odox ,prote/antism4 ,we also pres5t 
an article relative to ,freemasonry &   
,druidism1 = ! purpose ( %[+ t1         
prim>ily1 !y 7 b diff]5t =ms ( ! anci5t 
,a/rolatry4 ,we also devote a few pages 
to ! subjects ( ! ,sabba?1 & to t (     
,pi\s ,frauds4   ,note4--,= ! matt]     
publi%$ 9 ?is "w1 we are pr9cipally     
indebt$ to ! writ+s ( ,rob]t ,taylor1 an
 erudite b recusant m9i/] ( ! *ur* (    
,engl&1 :o fl\ri%$ ab\t sev5ty ye>s ago1
 & :o1 be+ too hone/ to cont9ue to prea*
 :at1 aft] ?or\gh inve/igation1 he did n
 believe1 began to give expression to 8 
d\bts by writ+ & lectur+4 ,n be+ able to
 cope ) 8 argum5ts1 ! cl]gy1 "u ! *>ge (
 ! impossible crime ( blasphemy1 _h him 
imprison$ = m ?an two ye>s1 dur+ :i* "t 
he wrote 8 great "w entitl$ ,!          

,diegesis1 :i* %\ld be read by all      
p]sons :o are inve/igat+ ! claim ( !    
,*ri/ian religion to ,div9e au!nticity4 
,,! ,,geoc5tric ,,sy/em ,,( ,,nature4   
,9 con/ruct+ _! sy/em ( nature1 ! anci5t
 ,a/ronom]s con/itut$ x ( ! ,e>?1 !     
,firmam5t1 ! ,planets1 ! ,con/ellations 
& ! ,zodiac1 & we w ref] to !m 9 ! ord] 
nam$4   ,! ,e>?4  ,believ+ t ! e>? 0 !  
only _w1 t x 0 a va/ circul> plane1 & t 
x 0 ! fix$ & immovable c5t] ar\nd :i*   
revolv$ ! cele/ial lum9>ies1 ! anci5t   
,a/ronom]s1 9 con=mity to ! requirem5t (
 ! doctr9e ( future rew>ds & puni%m5ts1 
z inculcat$ 9 ! ,egyptian ,v]sion ( !   
,exot]ic ,cre$1 divid$ x into an upp] & 
an "u1 or ne!r _w1 :i* !y connect$ by a 
s9u\s & t5ebri\s passage4   ,!          
,firmam5t4  ,! azure dome1 call$ !      
firmam5t 9 ! book ( ,g5esis1 0 believ$  
to be a solid transp>5cy1 :i* we f9d    
describ$1 9 ! f\r? *apt] & six? v]se1 ( 
t collection ( ,a/ronomical ,allegories1
 call$ ! ,apocalypse1 or ,book (        
,revelation1 z a sea ( glass l unto     

cry/al4 ,x 0 repres5t$ z be+ support$ by
 f\r pill>s1 re/+ ^u ! e>?1 "o at ea* ( 
! c>d9al po9ts1 :i* 7 designat$ z !     
pill>s ( heav54 ,conceiv+ ! idea t !re 7
 w9d[s 9 ! firmam5t1 ! anci5t ,a/ronom]s
 call$ !m ! w9d[s ( heav5 & taught t !y 
7 op5$ :5 x ra9$1 & clos$ :5 x ceas$ to 
ra94 ,h5ce x is evid5t t ! anci5t       
,a/ronom]s did n ref] to ^! pill>s &    
w9d[s 9 a figurative s5se1 b z real     
appurt5ances to a solid firmam5t1 z w be
 se5 by ref]5ce to ,g54 vii4 #aa1 &     
viii4 #b1 ,job xxvi4 #aa1 & ,mala*i iii4
 #aj4   ,! ,planets4  ,believ+ t ! />s 7
 b m]e flambeaux1 susp5d$ b5ea? !       
firmam5t1 & revolv+ r\nd ! e>?1 = ! sole
 purpose ( giv+ x light & heat2 & obs]v+
 t sev5 ( ^!1 answ]+ to ! ,sun1 ,moon1  
,m]cury1 ,v5us1 ,m>s1 ,jupit] & ,saturn1
 _h p]ceptible movem5ts1 9 relation to !
 o!r lum9>ies1 ! anci5t a/ronom]s       
designat$ !m z planets or w&]+ />s4   ,!
 ,con/ellations4  ,p]ceiv+ t ! o!r      
cele/ial lum9>ies ma9ta9$ ! same        
relation to ea* o!r1 & designat+ !m z   

fix$ />s1 ! anci5t a/ronom]s gr\p$ ^?   
visible to !m into =ty-eight            
,con/ellations2 & giv+ names to ^!1 !y  
also atta*$ names to ! />s ( l>g]       
magnitude1 :i* 0 done = ! purpose (     
locat+ & di/+ui%+ !m ) great] ease4   ,!
 ,zodiac4  ,?r\gh twelve ( ^!           
,con/ellations1 mo/ly conta9$ )9 a belt 
( #af degrees 9 wid?1 & )9 :i* ! planets
 appe>$ to revolve1 ! anci5t a/ronom]s  
inscrib$ a c5tral l9e repres5t+ !       
,ecliptic1 or app>5t orbit ( ! sun1 :i* 
!y divid$ into #cfj degrees2 & qu>t]+ ^!
 to d5ote ! seasons1 !y nam$ ! c>d9al   
po9ts ! ,summ] & ,w9t] ,sol/ices1 & !   
,v]nal & ,autumnal ,equ9oxes2 ! =m]     
ref]r+ to ! longe/ & %orte/ days ( !    
ye>2 & ! latt] to ! two p]iods :5 ! days
 & nights are equal4 ,an abbreviatory   
sign hav+ be5 atta*$ to ea* ( ^!        
con/ellations1 ! great cele/ial belt    
conta9+ !m 0 call$ ! :eel ( ! signs1 or 
a :eel 9 ! middle ( a :eel1 z designat$ 
by t old ,a/rolog]1 ,ezekiel ! ,prophet1
 9 *ap4 i4 & #af? v]se4 ,b = ! reason t1

 ) only "o exception1 ! =ms ( liv+ ?+s1 
ei!r real or my?ical1 7 giv5 to !m1 ?is 
belt1 ultimately1 wad designat$ z !     
,zodiac2 or ,circle ( liv+ ,creatures1  
see ,ezekiel1 *ap4 i4 ,con/itut+ !      
ess5tial feature ( ! anci5t ,a/ronomy1  
we pres5t1 9 our frontispiece1 a diagram
 ( ! ,zodiac1 z anci5tly repres5t$1 to  
:i*1 z well z to ,burritts' ,cele/ial   
,atlas1 our read]s w be necessitat$ to  
make frequ5t ref]5ce4  ,see plate#a4;gif
  ,rec5t rese>*es among ! ru9s ( anci5t 
cities h develop$ ! fact t sev]al       
c5turies be=e ! beg9n+ ( our era !      
a/ronom]s _h inv5t$ ! telescope1 &      
discov]$ ! true or helioc5tric sy/em (  
nature2 b = ! reason t religion _h be5  
bas$ ^u ! false1 or geoc5tric sy/em1 x 0
 deem$ prud5t n to tea* x to ! masses4  
,h5ce1 hid+ x away among ! o!r secrets (
 ! ,esot]ic philosophy1 ! k ( x 0 lo/   
dur+ ! ,middle ,ages2 & :5 r$iscov]$1 ! 
hi]>*y ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 ^u ! plea t x 
0 contr>y to ! tea*+s ( ,scripture1     
resort$ to inquisitorial tortures to    

suppress its promulgation2 b1 9 spite ( 
all _! ef=ts1 x has be5 univ]sally      
accept$2 &1 9 ?is o!rwise enlight5$ age1
 we h pres5t$ to u ! anomaly ( a        
religion bas$ ^u a false sy/em (        
,a/ronomy1 :ile its vot>ies believe 9 ! 
true sy/em4    ,,! ,,sacr$ ,,numb]s #g  
,,& #ab4  ,9 ref]5ce to ! planets1 & !  
signs ( ! ,zodiac1 ! numb]s sev5 &      
twelve 7 recogniz$ z sacr$ by ! anci5t  
,a/rolog]s1 & d$ications 7 made to !m 9 
all k9ds & sorts ( =ms4 ,9 ! allegories1
 ! g5ii ( ! planets 7 designat$ z       
spirits or mess5g]s to ! ,supreme       
,deity1 imag9>ily en?ron$ above !       
firmam5t1 :i* we f9d describ$ 9         
,revelations iv4 #e1 z ,sev5 lamps (    
fire burn+ be=e ! ?rone1 :i* are ! sev5 
spirits ( ,god2 & :i* 7 repres5t$ by    
lights burn+ 9 sev5 bran*$ c&le/icks set
 be=e ! alt>s 9 ! temples2 ! c5tral     
light = ! ,sun2 ! ,moon1 ,m]cury & ,v5us
 on "o side2 & ,m>s1 ,jupit] & ,saturn  
on ! o!r4 ,! sev5 bran*$ c&le/icks se5 9
 all ,ca?olic *ur*es1 & 9 "s ,prote/ant 

ones1 are int5d$ to repres5t ! same     
planet>y sy/em4  ,among ! num]\s        
d$ications to ! g5ii ( ! planets we     
m5tion ! sev5 days ( ! week1 ! sev5     
/ories ( ! t[] ( ,babylon1 ! sev5 gates 
( ,!bes1 ! sev5 pip$ flute ( ,pan1 !    
sev5 /r+$ lyre ( ,apollo1 ! sev5 books (
 fate1 ! book ( sev5 seals1 ! sev5 ca/es
 into :i* ! ,egyptians & ,ea/ ,indians 7
 divid$1 & ! jubilee ( sev5 times sev5  
ye>s4 ,among ! d$ications to ! twelve   
signs we m5tion ! twelve mon?s ( ! ye>1 
! gr& cycle ( #ab1jjj ye>s1 ! twelve    
alt>s ( ,james1 ! twelve labors (       
,h]cules1 ! twelve divisions ( !        
,egyptian ,labyr9?1 ! twelve %ields (   
,m>s1 ! twelve preci\s /ones1 rang$ 9   
?rees to d5ote ! seasons1 9 ! brea/plate
 ( ,high ,prie/1 ! twelve f\ndations ( !
 ,sacr$ ,city1 ref]r$ to 9 ! ,book (    
,revelation1 ! twelve sons ( ,jacob1 !  
twelve tribes ( ,israel1 & ! twelve     
,disciples4 ,9 ! ,book ( ,revelation    
alone ! numb] #g is repeat$ tw5ty-f\r   
times1 & ! numb] #ab f\rte5 times4      

,,! ,,twelve ,,?\s& ,,ye> ,,cycle4  ,9  
det]m9+ ! duration ( ! p]iod )9 :i* 7 to
 occur ! ev5ts taught 9 ! doctr9es ( !  
,exot]ic ,cre$1 ! anci5t ,a/rolog]s     
d$icat$ a ?\s& ye>s to ea* ( ! signs ( !
 ,zodiac1 & ?us inaugurat+ ! cycle (    
twelve ?\s& ye>s1 taught t1 at its      
conclusion1 ! heav5 & ! e>?1 :i* !y     
believ$ to be compos$ ( ! inde/ructible 
elem5ts ( fire1 air1 e>? & wat]1 w\ld1  
?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! fir/ ( ^!1 be r$uc$ to
 *aos1 z a prelim9>y to ! reorganization
 ( a new heav5 & a new e>? at ! beg9n+ (
 ! succe$+ cycle4 ,su* 0 ! orig9 ( ! gr&
 cycle ( ! anci5t ,a/rolatry1 & x mu/ be
 borne 9 m9d t its au?ors made its      
conclusion to correspond 9 "t &         
circum/ance to ! doctr9es relat+ to !   
f9ale ( ! plan ( r$emption4    ,,!      
,,anci5t ,,triad4  ,aft] conceiv+ ! idea
 ( a primeval *aos1 con/itut$ ( f\r     
inde/ructible elem5ts ( :i* fire 0 !    
lead+ "o1 ! ,ori5tal a/rolog]s began to 
indulge 9 speculations relative to !    
ag5cies :i* 7 engag$ 9 its organization4

 ,hav+ no k ( ! =ces inh]5t 9 nature1 !y
 imput$ ?is "w to ?ree intellig5ces1    
:i*1 embody+ ! ,all 9 ,all1 !y p]sonifi$
 by ! figure ( a man ) ?ree heads1 & to 
?is tr9ity gave ! names ( ,brahma1      
,vi%nu & ,siva4 ,su* a figure1 c>v$ 9   
/one1 may be se5 9 ! isl& ,cave (       
,elephanta1 ne> ,bombay1 ,india1 & is   
popul>ly believ$ to repres5t ! ,creator1
 ,pres]v] & ,de/roy]2 b1 9 det]m9+ _!   
true signification1 we mu/ be gov]n$ by 
! anci5t tea*+s t ,all ?+s 7 made by "o 
god-head ) ?ree names1 & ?is ,god is all
 ?+s4 ,h5ce ! conclusion is irresi/ible 
t ! fir/ p]son repres5ts nei!r ! creator
 nor organiz] ( *aos1 b *aos itself2 !  
second p]son1 its organiz] & gov]nor2 & 
! ?ird p]son1 ! ag5t 9 nature :i*       
impresses all h] p>ts ) life & motion2 !
 latt] be+ ! imag9>y great s\l or _s    
inculcat$ 9 ! ,esot]ic philosophy4 ,9   
support ( ?is op9ion x w be f\nd t !    
,egyptian ,triad ( ,fa!r1 ,son & ,_s is 
virtually ! same we h assign$ to its    
,ori5tal prototype4 ,?us we see t to !  

anci5t ,a/rolatry ,*ri/5dom is indebt$ =
 ! ,tr9ity (              ,god ! ,fa!r1 
,god ! ,son1              ,god !        
,_s--?ree 9 "o4  ,b1 hav+ ascrib$       
supreme intellig5ce or reason to its    
second p]son1 "u ! "n ( ! ,logos1 or    
,^w1 & designat+ its ?ird p]son z !     
,holy ,gho/1 ! anci5t ,triad 0 usually  
=mulat$ z ! ,fa!r1 ! ,^w & ! ,holy      
,gho/1 z may be se5 by ref]5ce to ! text
 9 ! allegories :i* we f9d record$ 9 ,i 
,john v4 #g1 :i* reads t ,!re are ?ree t
 be> record 9 heav51 ! ,fa!r1 ! ,^w & ! 
,holy ,gho/1 & ^! ?ree are "o4          
,consid]$ 9 "s =ms ( ,a/rolatry z too   
sacr$ to atta* a "n to ! triune ,deity1 
he 0 call$ ! ,"o1 & we f9d him ?us      
designat$ 9 ! #d? *apt] ( ,revelation1  
:]e1 l ,zeus & ,jupit]1 ( ! ,grecian &  
,roman my?ologies1 he is repres5t$ z    
seat$ above ! firmam5t1 ^u a ?rone f :i*
 proce$$ lightn+s & ?und]+s1 & to :om   
all1 ! subord9ate div9ities 7 made to   
pay homage4 ,z ! hurl] ( ?und]bolts he 0
 call$ ! ,?und]]1 & z ! op5] ( ! w9d[s (

 heav51 :5 x ra9$1 he 0 designat$       
,jupit] ,pluvius4 ,su* 0 ! anci5t ,triad
 made to say ( himself1 9 an inscription
 f\nd 9 ! ru9s ( ! temple at ,sais 9    
,egypt1 ,i am all t has be51 all t is1 &
 all t %all be1 & no mortal has lift$   
yet ! veil t cov]s me2 & su* 0 !        
,triunity ref]r$ to z ! ,god ,univ]se by
 ,pl9y1 ! ,roman philosoph] & naturali/1
 :o1 fl\ri%+ 9 ! fir/ c5tury ( !        
,*ri/ian era1 wrote t he is ,an inf9ite 
,god :i* has nev] be5 creat$1 & :i* %all
 nev] come to an end4 ,to look = some?+ 
else beyond x is useless labor = man &  
out ( 8 rea*4 ,behold t truly sacr$     
,be+1 et]nal & imm5se1 :i* includes )9  
itself ev]y?+2 x is ,all 9 ,all1 or r   
itself is ,all4 ,x is ! "w ( nature1 &  
itself is nature4  ,?us we see t1 al?\gh
 inculcat+ homage to a multitude (      
subord9ate div9ities1 ! anci5t          
,a/rolatry 0 only an app>5t ,poly!ism2  
its enlight5$ vot>ies1 recogniz+ ! dogma
 ( ! unity ( ,god1 7 9 reality          
,mono!i/s1 pay+ supreme adoration to !  

my?ical g5ius ( ! ,sun1 to :om we w n[  
direct att5tion4    ,,god ,,sol4  ,9    
det]m9+ ! *>act]i/ics ( ! supreme       
div9ity ( a/ral wor%ip1 x mu/ be borne 9
 m9d t its f\nd]s taught t he 0 evolv$  
or eng5d]$ by ! ,fa!r1 or fir/ p]son 9 !
 sacr$ ,triad1 f 8 pure sub/ance1 :i* z 
we h %[n 0 con/itut$ ( *aos or !        
primeval fire into :i* !y suppos$ all   
?+s 7 r$uc$ ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( t elem5t at 
! conclusion ( #ab1jjj ye> cycles4      
,h5ce1 designat+ t my?ical be+ z ! only 
begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 !y p]sonifi$ him z   
,god ! ,son1 or second p]son 9 ! sacr$  
,triad2 & recogniz+ ! ,sun z ! rul+ />1 
v appropriately made him ! presid+ g5ius
 ( t lum9>y1 "u ! title ( ,god ,sol4    
,accord+ homage to light z 8 *ief       
attribute1 he is ref]r$ to 9 !          
allegories z ,! true ,light1 :i* lighte?
 e man t come? into ! _w1 ,john i41 #i2 
&1 al?\gh designat$ z ! only begott5 ( !
 ,fa!r1 8 co-exi/5ce ) him1 "u ! title (
 ! ,logos or ,^w1 is %[n 9 ! text :i*   
reads1 ,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ! ,^w1 & ! ,^w 0 ) 

,god1 & ! ,^w 0 ,god1 ,john i41 #a4     
,p]sonify+ ! pr9ciples ( ,good & ,evil 9
 ,god ,sol1 ! anci5t ,a/rolog]s         
consecrat$ ! six divisions ( ! #ab1jjj  
ye> cycle1 correspond+ to ! reproductive
 mon?s ( ,spr+ & ,summ]1 to him z ,"l ( 
,good1 & symboliz+ him by ! con/ellation
 ( ! ,zodiac 9 :i* ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox     
successively occurr$1 z expla9$ h]eaft]1
 !y d$icat$ ! six divisions ( t cycle1  
correspond+ to ! de/ructive mon?s (     
,autumn & ,w9t]1 to him z ,"l ( ,evil1 &
 z su*1 symboliz+ him by ! s]p5t1 m>k$ !
 beg9n+ ( 8 reign by ! con/ellation     
,s]p5s1 plac$ 9 conjunction ) !         
,autumnal ,equ9ox4 ,p]sonify+ 9 him !   
oppos+ pr9ciples ( ,good & ,evil1 he 0  
to ! anci5ts bo? ,god & ,devil1 or !    
v>i$ ,god1 :o1 9 relation to ! seasons1 
0 describ$ z beautiful 9 ,spr+1 p[]ful 9
 ,summ]1 b5efic5t 9 ,autumn & t]rible 9 
,w9t]4 ,?us "u v>i\s names1 int5d$ to   
repres5t ,god ,sol 9 relation to !      
div]sifi$ seasons1 we f9d record$ 9 !   
,scriptures1 or sol> fables1 num]\s     

portrayals ( imag9>y conflicts1 9 :i* ! 
,evil pr9ciple1 triumph+ dur+ ,autumn & 
,w9t]1 is conqu]$ at ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox by
 ! ,good pr9ciple1 :o1 br++ back equal  
days & nights1 re/ores ! h>mony (       
nature4  ,! et]nal enmity betwe5 !      
pr9ciples ( ,good & ,evil1 z manife/$ 9 
! div]sity ( ! seasons1 we f9d portray$ 
9 ! ,con/ellations ,h]cules & ,draco1   
plac$ 9 ! nor!rn heav5s1 9 :i* ! heel ( 
! =m]1 repres5t+ "o ( ! mo/ anci5t ( !  
imag9>y inc>nations ( ,god ,sol1 to :i* 
we w ref] h]eaft]1 is re/+ ^u ! head ( !
 latt]1 z ref]r$ to 9 ,g5esis iii41 #ae1
 :i* makes ,god ,sol1 or ! ,"l ,god1 say
 to ! s]p5t1 ,i w put enmity betwe5 !e &
 ! woman1 & betwe5 ?y se$ & h] se$2 x   
%all bruise ?y head1 & ?\ %alt bruise 8 
heel4 ,! woman allud$ to 9 ?is text is !
 ,virgo ( ! ,zodiac1 z w be made app>5t 
h]eaft]4  ,see plate#b4;gif  ,( all !   
div9ities ( ! anci5t my?ology ,god ,sol 
0 ! only "o di/+ui%$ by ! exalt$ title (
 ,"l or ,"l ,god1 = ! reason t he 0 made
 ! organiz] ( *aos & gov]nor ( heav5 &  

e>?4 ,h5ce1 hav+ con/itut$ him ! "l (   
light & d>kness1 z well z good & evil1 !
 anci5t a/rolog]s 9 compos+ ! sol>      
fables made him say ( himself1 ,i =m !  
light & create d>kness2 ,i make peace & 
create evil1 ,i ! ,"l d all ^! ?+s1     
,isaiah xlv41 #g4 ,%all !re be evil 9 a 
city1 & ! ,"l ha? n done x8 ,amos iii41 
#f4 ,besides ! title ( ,"l or ,"l ,god1 
! sol> div9ity is also designat$ 9 !    
allegories z ! ,"l ( ,lords & ! ,k+ (   
,k+s1 ! ,inv9cible1 ! ,mighty ,god1 etc4
  ,subject+ ! my?ical g5ius ( ! sun1 9 8
 app>5t annual revolution r\nd ! e>?1 to
 ! f\r /ages ( human life f infancy to  
old age1 ! anci5t ,magi fix$ ! natal day
 ( ! "y ,god ,sol at ! w9t] sol/ice1 !  
,virgo ( ! ,zodiac 0 made 8 "m1 & !     
con/ellation 9 conjunction ) h]1 :i* is 
n[ kn[n z ,bootes1 b anci5tly call$     
,arcturus1 8 fo/] fa!r4 ,he is repres5t$
 z hold+ 9 lea% two hunt+ dogs & driv+  
,ursa ,major1 or ! ,great ,be>1 ar\nd ! 
nor? pole1 ?us %[+ t ! orig9al          
occupation ( ! cele/ial fo/] fa!r ( ! "y

 ,god ,sol 0 t ( a be> driv]1 & t 8     
sons1 ref]r$ to 9 job xxxviii41 #cb1 are
 ! dogs ,a/]ion & ,*>a4 ,x w be obs]v$ t
 ,virgo is repres5t$ 9 our illu/ration )
 a *ild 9 h] arms1 = ! reason t %e is s 
repres5t$ 9 ! anci5t ,zodiacs1 & ! fact 
w be readily conc$$ t %e is ! only      
,virg9 :o c\ld give bir? to a *ild & be 
a virg9 /ill4  ,see plate#c4;gif    ,,! 
,,anci5t ,,cosmogony4  ,speculat+       
relative to ! ord] 9 :i* *aos _h be5    
organiz$1 ! anci5t ,a/rolog]s con/ruct$ 
a ,cosmogony1 :i* divid$ ! labors ( ,god
 ! ,son1 or second p]son 9 ! ,tr9ity1   
into six p]iods ( a ?\s& ye>s ea*2 &    
:i*1 answ]+ to ! six divisions ( !      
#ab1jjj ye> cycle correspond+ to !      
reproductive mon?s ( ,spr+ & ,summ]1    
taught t 9 ! fir/ p]iod he made ! e>?2 9
 ! second1 ! firmam5t2 9 ! ?ird1        
vegetation2 9 ! f\r?1 ! ,sun & ,moon & !
 />s also2 9 ! fif?1 ! animals1 fi%es1  
birds1 etc41 & 9 ! six?1 ,man4  ,t      
vegetation 0 made be=e ! ,sun 0 n an    
inconsi/5t idea to ! orig9ators ( !     

anci5t ,cosmogony4 ,!y imag9$ t ! heat &
 light1 emanat+ f ! elem5t>y fire1 7    
suffici5t to /imulate its gr[?1 aft] :i*
 ,god ! ,son ga!r$ x toge!r & made !    
,cele/ial lum9>ies4 ,9 ! sol> fables ?is
 imag9>y elem5t is call$ ! fire-e!r1 or 
sacr$ fire ( ! />s4    ,,fall ,,&       
,,r$emption ,,( ,,man4  ,religion hav+  
be5 bas$ ^u ! wor%ip ( p]sonifi$ nature1
 x is evid5t t its f\nd]s fabricat$ its 
dogmatic elem5t f _! conceptions ( h]   
de/ructive & reproductive processes z   
manife/$ 9 ! rotation & div]sity ( !    
seasons4 ,! app>5t retreat ( ! sun f !  
e>?1 9 w9t]1 & 8 return 9 ! spr+1       
sugge/+ ! idea ( a figurative dea? &    
resurrection ( ! g5ius ( t lum9>y1 !y   
appli$ ^! ph5om5a ( ! ye> to man1 &     
compos$ ! allegories relative to 8 fall 
& r$emption1 z inculcat$ 9 ! ,exot]ic   
,cre$4 ,9 ! allegory relat+ to ! fall1 x
 0 taught t1 aft] mak+ ! fir/ human     
pair1 ! ,"l ( ,good or ! ,"l ,god plac$ 
!m 9 a beautiful g>d5--correspond+ to ! 
seasons ( fruits & fl[]s or mon?s (     

,spr+ & ,summ]1 ) ! injunction1 "u a    
p5alty1 n to eat ( ! fruit ( a c]ta9    
tree4 ,:5 ! ,"l ( ,evil1 or ,devil1     
symboliz$ by ! s]p5t & repres5t$ by !   
con/ellation ,s]p5s plac$ 9 conjunction 
) ! ,autumnal ,equ9ox1 meet+ !m on !    
conf9es ( 8 dom9ion1 & tempt+ ! woman1 &
 %e ! man1 !y ate ( ! =bidd5 fruit2 ?us1
 fall+ f _! fir/ e/ate1 & committ+ !    
orig9al s91 !y involv$ ! :ole human race
 9 ! consequ5ces ( _! disob$i5ce4 ,!n ! 
,"l ,god1 pron\nc+ a curse aga9/ !      
s]p5t1 clo!d ! man & woman ) sk9s to    
protect !m aga9/ ! inclem5cy ( 81       
dom9ion z ,"l ( ,evil1 & drove !m f !   
g>d52 aft] :i* !y 7 necessitat$ to e>n  
_! bread by till+ ! gr\nd4  ,91 ref]5ce 
to ! plan ( r$emption1 ! anci5t         
,a/rolog]s divid$ ! #f1jjj ye>s         
appropriat$ to man1 z ! duration ( 8    
race on e>?1 into t5 equal cycles1 &    
taught t at ! conclusion ( ea* ,god     
,sol1 z ,"l ( ,good1 w\ld manife/       
himself 9 ! fle%1 to de/roy 8 works z   
,"l ( ,evil1 & ?r\gh suff]+ & dea? make 

an atonem5t = s94 ,?us hav+ orig9at$ !  
doctr9es ( orig9al s91 inc>nation &     
vic>i\s atonem5t1 z p>ts ( ! plan (     
r$emption1 & mak+ its f9ale correspond1 
9 po9t ( "t1 to ! conclusion ( ! #ab1jjj
 ye> cycle1 _! successors 9 ! prie/ly   
(fice ultimately inculcat$ ! additional 
dogmas ( ! g5]al judgm5t & future rew>ds
 & puni%m5ts1 z we h %[n 9 our          
introduction4  ,hav+ bas$ ! fables ( !  
fall & r$emption ( man ^u ! idea t he 0 
impell$1 )\t 8 volition1 to pass f !    
dom9ion ( ,god to t ( ! ,devil1 or 9 o!r
 words1 ^u 8 subjection to ! inexorable 
necessity :i* makes ! inclem5t seasons (
 ,autumn & ,w9t] succe$ ! b5efic5t ones 
( ,spr+ & ,summ]1 its au?ors compos$ !  
orig9al ( ! text :i*1 f\nd 9 ,romans    
viii41 #bj1 reads t ,! creature 0 made  
subject to vanity 7,evil71 n will+ly1 b 
by reason ( him :o ha? subject$ ! same 9
 hope4  ,b = ! popul> tea*+ 9 favor (   
its be+ lit]al hi/ory1 no "o c\ld read !
 acc\nt ( ! fall ( man1 z record$ 9 !   
?ird *apt] ( ,g5esis1 )\t recogniz+ x z 

simply an allegory2 or fail to realize1 
! =ce ( ! argum5t ( no fall1 no         
r$emption1 & if no r$emption1 no ,god to
 rew>d or ,devil to puni%2 no hell to   
suff]1 or heav5 to enjoy4 ,! fact is t  
^! are b anti!tical ideas :i* came 9    
toge!r1 & mu/ survive or p]i% toge!r4   
,!y _c be sep>at$ )\t de/roy+ ! :ole    
!ological fabric4    ,,inc>nations ,,(  
,,god ,,sol4  ,believ+ t ,god ,sol 0    
necessitat$ to rema9 at 8 po/ to direct 
! c\rse ( ! sun1 ! anci5t a/rolog]s     
conceiv$ ! idea ( tea*+ t1 att5d$ by a  
ret9ue ( subord9ate g5ii1 he desc5d$ to 
e>? ?r\gh ! m$ium ( inc>nations at ! end
 ( #fjj ye> cycles1 to p]=m ! "w ( man's
 r$emption &1 hav+ made ,virgo ( !      
,zodiac ! "m ( ! ,sol> div9ity1 !y      
taught 9 _! allegorical ,a/ronomy1 or   
scriptures1 t 8 inc>nations 7 born ( a  
,virg94 ,h5ce we f9d t ,god ,sol1       
usually designat$ by ! title ( ! ,^w1 0 
made fle%1 & dwelt among u4 ,john i41   
#ad4  ,9 a disc\rse ^u ?is text deliv]$ 
by ,tillotson1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 9

 ! ye> #afhj1 publi%$ 9 ! f\r? volume ( 
,woodh\se's edition ( 8 ,grace's s]mons1
 9 ! ye> #agdd1 conc]n+ ! ,inc>nation ( 
our bless$ ,savi\r1 he expla9s !        
necessity ( inc>nation by say+ t ,!re 0 
likewise a great incl9ation 9 mank9d to 
! wor%ip ( a visible ,deity1 s ,god 0   
pleas$ to appe> 9 our nature1 t !y1 :o 7
 s fond ( a visible ,deity1 might h "o1 
ev5 a true & natural image ( ,god !     
,fa!r1 ! express image ( 8 p]son4 ,x    
only requires a little reflection to    
appreciate ! ,prelate's cov]t irony &   
want ( fai?4  ,hav+ ascrib$ to ! imag9>y
 inc>nations ( ,god ,sol ! *>act]i/ics (
 heav5-desc5d+1 virg9-born1 e>?-walk+1  
wond]-work+1 dy+1 resuscitat$ & asc5d+  
sons ( ,god1 ! anci5t ,a/rolog]s atta*$ 
to !m ! sev]al titles ( ,savi\r1        
,r$eem]1 ,avat>1 ,div9e-,help]1 ,%iloh1 
,messiah1 ,*ri/2 &1 9 ref]5ce to _!     
fo/]-fa!r1 t ( ,son ( ,man4 ,tea*+ t !y 
cont9u$ to make int]cession = s91 aft]  
_! asc5sion to ! "r h& ( ! ,fa!r1 !y 7  
also call$ ,int]cessors1 ,m$iators or   

,advocates ) ! ,fa!r4 ,f tea*+ _!       
appe>ance e #fjj ye>s orig9at$ !        
,egyptian leg5d ( ! ,pho5ix1 a bird said
 to desc5d f ! sun at ^! int]vals1 &1   
aft] be+ consum$ ^u ! alt> 9 ! temple ( 
,on1 or city ( ! sun--call$ ,heliopolis 
by ! ,greeks--w\ld rise f its a%es &    
asc5d to its s\rce4 ,accord+ to ! civil 
laws ( ,egypt1 manhood 0 n atta9$ until 
! age ( ?irty ye>s4 ,h5ce ! e>?ly       
mission ( inc>nate ,savi\rs 0 made to   
beg9 at t age2 & = ! reason t1 relat+ to
 ! app>5t transit ( ! sun ?r\gh ! twelve
 signs ( ! ,zodiac1 x 0 complet$ dur+ ! 
p]iod ( "o ye>4  ,to impress ! ignorant 
masses ) ! belief t ! scriptures 7      
lit]al hi/ories1 & ! inc>nate ,savi\rs  
real p]sonages1 ! anci5t ,a/rolog]s     
caus$ tombs to be erect$ 9 :i* x 0      
claim$ !y 7 buri$4 ,su* sepul*res 7     
erect$ to ,h]cules at ,cadiz1 to ,apollo
 at ,delphi1 & to o!r ,savi\rs at _m o!r
 places1 to :i* _! respective vot>ies 7 
induc$ to p]=m pilgrimages4 ,9 ,egypt ! 
pyramids 7 built1 p>tly = a/ronomical   

purposes1 & p>tly z tombs = ,savi\rs1   
claim$ to h be5 k+s1 :o _h once rul$ ov]
 ! c\ntry2 & :y %\ld we n recognize t   
magnific5t /ructure kn[n z ! ,*ur* ( !  
,holy ,sepul*re1 at ,j]usalem1 z b ano!r
 ( ^? tombs ( ,savi\rs 9 :i* no ,savi\r 
0 ev] entomb$8  ,?us we h %[n t x 0 ,god
 ,sol1 ! only begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 or     
second p]son 9 ! sacr$ ,triad1 to :om   
supreme adoration 0 inculcat$ 9 all =ms 
( ! anci5t ,a/rolatry2 & t its cultur$  
vot>ies1 und]/&+ t ! doctr9es p]ta9+ to 
! fall & r$emption ( man 7 evolv$ f !   
figurative dea? & resurrection ( ! sol> 
div9ity1 recogniz$ ! doctr9e (          
inc>nation z a prie/ly inv5tion int5d$  
only = ! ignorant masses4    ,,fable ,,(
 ,,! ,,twelve ,,labors4  ,! au?ors ( !  
orig9al sol> fables1 hav+ liv$ 9 t      
remote age 9 :i* physical pr[ess 0      
recogniz$ z ! highe/ attribute (        
humanity1 conceiv$ ! idea t ,god ,sol1  
:ile pass+ ?r\gh 8 app>5t orbit1 _h to  
fight 8 way ) ! animals ( ! ,zodiac1 & )
 o!rs 9 conjunction ) !m4 ,h5ce1        

designat+ him z ! ,mighty ,hunt]1 &     
call+ 8 exploits ! twelve labors1 !y    
made ! inc>nate ,savi\rs ! h]oes (      
simil> ones on e>?1 :i* !y taught 7     
p]=m$ = ! good ( mank9d2 & t1 aft]      
fulfill+ _! e>?ly mission1 !y 7 exhal$  
to heav5 ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( fire4 ,:5 ^!   
fables 7 compos$ ! ,summ] ,sol/ice 0 9 !
 sign ( ,leo1 & mak+ ! twelve labors    
beg9 9 x1 ! fir/ consi/$ 9 ! kill+ ( a  
lion1 & ! second1 9 rescu+ a virg9      
7,virgo7 by ! de/ruction ( a ,hydra1 !  
con/ellation 9 conjunction ) h]4 ,^u "o 
( ! ,assyrian m>bles on exhibition 9 !  
,briti% ,museum ^! two labors are       
repres5t$ z hav+ be5 p]=m$ by a savi\r  
by ! "n ( ,nimr\d4 ,9 ! con/ellations ( 
,taurus1 ! bull ( ! ,zodiac1 & ( ,orion1
 orig9ally kn[n z ,horns1 9 conjunction 
!re)1 we h gr\p+s ( />s repres5t+ !     
latt] z "o ( ! mighty hunt]s ( ! anci5t 
,a/rolatry1 support+ on 8 left arm !    
%ield ( ! lion's sk91 ! trophy ( ! fir/ 
labor1 & hold+ a club 9 8 uplift$ "r h&1
 is engag$ 9 p]=m+ ! t5? labor by a     

conflict ) ! =m]4  ,see plate#d4;gif  ,!
 fable ( ! twelve labors con/itut$ !    
sacr$ records or scriptures ( ! old] =ms
 ( ,a/rolatry1 "o v]sion ( :i*1 writt5 )
 ! cunei=m "* ^u twelve tablets ( burnt 
clay1 exhum$ f ! ru9s ( an ,assyrian    
city1 & n[ on exhibition 9 ! ,briti%    
,museum1 is ascrib$ to ,nimr\d1 !       
prototype ( ! ,grecian ,h]cules1 & (    
,nimrod1 ! ,mighty ,hunt] ( ! ,old      
,te/am5t4    ,,anniv]s>ies ,,( ,,sol>   
,,wor%ip4  ,! ,nativity4  ,apply+ !     
anniv]s>ies inculcat$ 9 ! wor%ip ( ,god 
,sol to 8 imag9>y inc>nations1 ! f\nd]s 
( ! anci5t ,a/rolatry made !m ref] to ! 
sev]al /ages ( human exi/5ce f infancy  
to mature age4 ,h5ce1 comp>+ ! fir/ day 
( infantile life to ! %orte/ day ( !    
ye>1 x w\ld naturally be expect$ t !y   
w\ld h plac$ ! anniv]s>y ( ! ,nativity  
exactly at ! ,w9t] sol/ice2 b1 hav+     
conceiv$ ! idea t ! sun /ood /ill = !   
space ( ?ree days at ea* ( ! c>d9al     
po9ts1 & mak+ x repres5t ! figurative   
dea? ( ! g5ius ( t lum9>y1 !y fix$ !    

date = its obs]vance ?ree days lat]1 or 
on ! #be? ( ,decemb]4 ,! ,gno/ic adh]5ts
 to ! anci5t sol> wor%ip1 or ^? :o 7    
conv]sant ) ! tea*+s ( ! ,esot]ic       
philosophy1 kn[+ t ! dramatis p]sonae ( 
! fable ( inc>nation 7 pictur$ ) />s ^u 
! azure vault1 recogniz$ ! woman clo!d )
 ! sun1 & ! moon "u h] feet1 & ^u h]    
head a cr[n ( twelve />s1 ref]r$ to 9   
,revelations xii4 #a1 z ! ,virgo ( !    
,zodiac2 !y also knew t %e 0 ! true que5
 ( heav5 & "m ( ,god2 & t ! infant1     
anci5tly repres5t$ 9 h] arms1 & ) :om1 9
 _! day1 %e arose on ! ,ea/]n horizon at
 midnight on ! #bd? ( ,decemb]1 0 ! same
 ( :om ! p 7 taught to s+ at ,*ri/mas   
,unto u a *ild is born ?is day4  ,) ! k 
( ^! facts we c readily see t ?is is !  
,virg9 & *ild :i* con/itut$ ! orig9als (
 ^? exquisite pa9t+s1 by ! old ma/]s1   
kn[n z ! ,madonna & ,*ild4   ,epiphany  
or ,twelf? ,day4  ,9 ref]5ce to ! twelve
 signs ?r\gh :i* ! sun makes 8 app>5t   
annual revolution1 ! twelf? day aft]    
,*ri/mas1 answ]+ to ! #f? ( ,janu>y1 0  

obs]v$ by ! vot>ies ( ! anci5t          
,a/rolatry z ! anniv]s>y ( ! ,epiphany  
or ,twelf? ,day4 ,9 ! sol> fables1 x 0  
taught t a /> appe>$ 9 ! heav5s on t day
 to manife/ ! bir?place ( ! infant      
,savi\r to ! ,magi or ,wise ,m5 ( !     
,ea/1 :o came to pay him homage1 & to   
pres5t him ) ! gifts ( gold1 frank9c5se 
& myrrh1 z relat$ 9 ,mat!w ii4 #aa4  ,! 
reason = pres5t+ ^! gifts is expla9$ by 
! facts t ( ! sev5 metals d$icat$ to !  
g5ii ( ! planets1 gold 0 ! "o consecrat$
 to ,god ,sol2 & frank9c5se & myrrh 7 ! 
gums burn$ 9 c5s]s 9 8 wor%ip4  ,9 read+
 ! acc\nt ( ! ,magi's visit to ! infant 
,savi\r1 we h b to ex]cise our ?9k+     
faculties to realize t x is allegory    
in/ead ( lit]al hi/ory4   ,l5t or ,l5t5 
,season4  ,9 ! anci5t sol> fables x 0   
taught t ! p]secutions to :i* ! inc>nate
 ,savi\rs 7 subject$ :ile pass+ ?r\gh ! 
dom9ion ( ,god ,sol z ,"l ( ,evil1 rag$ 
) greate/ fury dur+ ! =ty days prec$+ ! 
fe/ival ( ,ea/]1 :i* p]iod1 beg9n+ :5 ! 
days 7 p]ceptibly l5g!n+1 0 call$ ,l5t1 

or ! ,l5t5 season4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is season 
t ! vot>ies ( ! anci5t religion 7 taught
 to manife/ _! sympa?y = ! ,savi\r 9 8  
imag9>y conflict ) ! ,devil by ab/a9+ f 
all fe/ivities1 & by fa/+ & pray]2 &1 z 
t 0 ! season 9 :i* ! flocks & h]ds 7    
poor 9 fle%1 :ile ! seas & riv]s ab\nd$ 
) fi% 9 good condition1 ! anci5t prie/s1
 mak+ a virtue ( necessity1 enjo9$ a    
diet pr9cipally ( fi%1 & = t reason     
plac$ ! con/ellation ,pisces at ! po9t 9
 ! ,zodiac 9 :i* ! ,l5t5 season anci5tly
 began2 :i*1 )\t reg>d to ! day ( !     
week1 0 always obs]v$ on ! #ae? day (   
,febru>y1 ! "n ( t mon? hav+ be5 d]iv$ f
 ! ,februa1 or fea/ ( purification &    
expiation ( ! old ,roman cal5d>4  ,at ! 
c\ncil ( ,nice ! ,l5t5 season 0 made to 
beg9 on ! f\r? day ( ! week1 & 9 ref]5ce
 to ! anci5t cu/om ( ! m dev\t spr9kl+  
a%es ^u _! heads at ! fea/ ( ! ,februa1 
x is call$ ,a% ,w$nesday4  ,h5ce we see 
t all ye>s 9 :i* ,a% ,w$nesday does n   
come on ! #ae? ( ,febru>y1 ! ,l5t5      
season mu/ necess>ily conta9 a great] or

 less] numb] ?an ! orig9al assignm5t (  
=ty days4   ,passion ,week4  ,! la/ sev5
 days ( ,l5t is call$ ,passion ,week1 9 
ref]5ce to ! app>5t passage ( ! sun     
across ! ,cele/ial equator at ! ,v]nal  
,equ9ox or #ba/ ( ,m>*2 ! anci5t        
a/rolog]s hav+ conceiv$ ! idea t ! sun  
/ood /ill = ! space ( ?ree days at ea* (
 ! c>d9al po9ts1 & mak+ x repres5t !    
figurative dea? ( ! g5ius ( t lum9>y1 x 
0 obs]v$ z ! anniv]s>y ( ! ,v]nal       
crucifixion or passion ( ! inc>nate     
,savi\rs2 & 9 commemoration ( _! imag9>y
 suff]+s & dea? x 0 ! cu/om to expose 9 
! temples dur+ ! la/ ?ree days (        
,passion ,week figures repres5t+ _! dead
 bodies1 ov] :i* ! vot>ies ( sol>       
wor%ip1 especially ! wom51 made great   
lam5tation4 ,x 0 9 ref]5ce to "o ( ^!   
images1 laid out 9 ! temple at          
,j]usalem1 to :i* ! jeal\s ,jehovah1    
consid]+ x a great abom9ation 9 8 own   
h\se1 is made to direct ! att5tion (    
,ezekiel1 ! prophet1 :o1 look+1 beheld  
,wom5 weep+ = ,tammuz z record$ 9 !     

eigh? *apt]4 ,?is div9ity 0 ! ,pho5ician
 prototype ( ! ,grecian ,adonis1 to :om 
! wom5 ( ,judea pref]r$ to pay homage4  
,x 0 dur+ ! la/ ?ree days ( ,passion    
,week t ! vot>ies ( sol> wor%ip p]=m$ _!
 sev]e/ p5ance4 ,besides fa/+ & pray]1 !
 m dev\t flagellat$ & sla%$ !mselves &  
o!rs ) knives & ?ongs1 & c>ri$ heavy    
crosses up /eep acclivities4 ,9 all     
ultra-,ca?olic c\ntries ! prie/s1 9     
imitation ( ! anci5t cu/om1 expose 9 !  
*ur*es figures repres5t+ ! dead ,savi\r1
 ov] :i* ! laity1 especially ! wom51    
weep & m\rn2 & ! m dev\t m5 cut & sla%  
!mselves1 & ea* o!r1 ) knives & ?ongs2  
&1 9 imitation ( ! imag9>y tramp (      
,jesus ) 8 cross up ,calv>y's rugg$     
side1 be> heavy crosses up /eep         
acclivities4   ,passion ,plays4         
,anci5tly dramas repres5t+ ! passion (  
inc>nate savi\rs1 call$ ,passion plays1 
7 enact$ ^u ! /age4 ,! mo/ celebrat$ (  
^! div9e trag$ies1 kn[n z ,prome!us     
,b\nd1 & compos$ by ! ,greek poet       
,a,eschylus1 0 play$ at ,a!ns #ejj ye>s 

be=e ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,to %[ t
 ?is s9-aton+ savi\r 0 n *a9$ to a rock1
 :ile vultures prey$ ^u 8 vitals1 z     
popul>ly taught1 b 0 nail$ to a tree2 we
 quote front ,pott]'s translation ( !   
play1 t passage :i*1 readily recogniz$ z
 ! orig9al ( a ,*ri/ian song1 reads z   
foll[s3              ,lo1 /ream+ f !    
fatal tree1                ,8 all aton+ 
blood3              ,is ?is ! inf9ite8  
',tis he--                ,prome!us & a 
,god4              ,well might ! sun 9  
d>kness hide1                ,& veil 8  
glories 91              ,:5 ,god ! great
 ,prome!us di$                ,= man1 ! 
creature's s94  ,! veil+ ( ! sun1 z     
repres5t$ 9 ^! plays1 hav+ ref]5ce to ! 
imag9>y sympa?y express$ by ,god ,sol = 
! suff]+s ( 8 inc>nate son1 0 %[n ^u !  
/age by %ad+ ! lights4 ,! monks ( !     
,middle ,ages enact$ plays repres5t+ !  
passion ( ! ,*ri/ian ,savi\r1 & !       
,bav>ian peasantry1 p]petuat+ ?is cu/om1
 p]=m ! play e t5? ye>4   ,resurrection 
& ,ea/] ,fe/ival4  ,9 con=mity to !     

anci5t tea*+s1 ! inc>nate savi\rs1      
consid]$ z figuratively dead = ! space (
 ?ree days at ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox1 or #ba/ 
( ,m>*1 7 rais$ to newness ( life aft] !
 expiration ( t "t4 ,h5ce1 ! #be? (     
,m>*1 )\t reg>d to ! day ( ! week1 0    
celebrat$ z ! anniv]s>y ( ! ,v]nal      
resurrection4 ,on ! morn+ ( ?is day x 0 
! cu/om ( ! a/rolog]s to say to ! m\rn]s
 assembl$ 9 ! temples1 ,be ( good *e]1  
sacr$ b& ( initiates2 y\r ,god has ris5 
f ! dead1 8 pa9s & 8 suff]+s %all be y\r
 salvation4 ,ano!r =m ( ?is admonition1 
quot$ f an anci5t poem 9 ref]5ce to !   
,pho5ician ,tammuz1 reads z foll[s3     
,tru/ ye sa9ts1 y\r ,god re/or$1        
,tru/ ye 9 y\r ris5 ,"l1              ,=
 ! pa9s :i* he endur$1              ,y\r
 salvation ha? procur$4  ,!n w\ld beg9 !
 fe/ivities ( ,ea/]1 :i* corrupt$ f     
,eo/re1 & d]iv$ f ! ,teutonic my?ology1 
0 "o ( ! _m names giv5 to ! goddess (   
,spr+4 ,9 ! obs]vance ( ?is fe/ival !   
temples 7 adorn$ ) floral (f]+s2 !      
,hil>ies sang _! joyful lays2 ! fires ^u

 ! pyres1 or ! fire-alt>s1 7 ext+ui%$ & 
rek9dl$ ) new fire1 or sacr$ fire ( !   
/>s1 :i* ! ,a/rolog]s taught 0 br\ght   
d[n f heav5 by ! w+$ g5ius ,p]seus1 !   
con/ellation :i*1 anci5tly1 0 9         
conjunction ) ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox2 ,pas*al 
c&les1 lit f ! new fire1 7 di/ribut$ to 
! fai?ful & ! ,pas*al fea/1 ,ea/] fea/1 
or ! fea/ ( ! passov]1 0 eat5 9         
commemoration ( ! passion ( ! inc>nate  
savi\rs1 or1 9 o!r words1 ( ! passage ( 
! sun across ! cele/ial equator4 ,9     
ultra-,ca?olic c\ntries ! desc5t ( !    
sacr$ fire is repres5t$ by "s secretly  
arrang$ pyrote*ny1 & ! cr$ul\s laity1   
believ+ !y h witness$ a miracul\s       
display1 eag]ly solicit ,pas*al c&les   
lit f x2 & 9 imitation ( ! anci5t       
fe/ivities 9 honor ( ! return ( spr+1   
all ,ca?olic *ur*es1 & mo/ ( ,prote/ant 
ones1 are adorn$ ) fl[]s1 ! bells r+ out
 _! m]rie/ peals1 & ,gloria 9 ,excelsis 
& o!r jubilant songs1 simil> to ! lays (
 ! anci5t ,hil>ies1 are sung4           
,annunciation4  ,! anniv]s>y ( !        

,nativity hav+ be5 plac$ on ! #be? (    
,decemb]1 accord+ to ! c\rse ( nature1 !
 #be? ( ,m>* 0 anci5tly celebrat$ z !   
anniv]s>y ( ! annunciation1 & is /ill   
obs]v$ on t day1 & ! duty ( salut+ !    
,virg9 7,virgo7 & ann\nc+ h] conception 
by ! ,holy ,gho/ or ?ird p]son 9 !      
,tr9ity 0 assign$ to ! g5ius ( ,spr+4 ,9
 ! ,*aldean v]sion ( ! ,gospel /ory ! "n
 ( ,gabriel 0 giv5 to ?is               
p]sonification1 & 9 ! ,*ri/ian v]sion ( 
t /ory he is made to p]=m ! same (fice2 
see ,luke i4 #bf-ce4   ,asc5sion4       
,celebrat+ ! anniv]s>y ( ! asc5sion =ty 
days aft] ,ea/]1 x 0 anci5tly obs]v$ on 
! #d? ( ,may1 & x 0 taught t ! inc>nate 
savi\rs asc5d$ bodily into heav51 9 a   
gold5 *>iot drawn by f\r horses         
cap>ison$ ) gild$ trapp+s1 all glitt]+ l
 fire 9 ! f]vid sunlight4 ,h5ce :5 we   
read 9 ,,ii4 ,k+s ii4 #aa1 t ,!re appe>$
 a *>iot ( fire & horses ( fire1 4 4 4 &
 ,elijah w5t up by a :irlw9d into heav51
 we mu/ accept ?is text z descriptive ( 
! imag9>y asc5sion ( "o ( ! inc>nate    

savi\rs ( anci5t ,judaism4              
,assumption4  ,:5 ! ,summ] sol/ice 0 9 !
 sign ( ,canc]1 ! sun 0 9 t ( ,virgo 9 !
 mon? ( ,augu/1 & ! anniv]s>y ( !       
,assumption 0 obs]v$ on ! #ae? ( t mon?1
 & is s obs]v$ at ! pres5t "t4 ,! fact t
 ! anniv]s>y ( ! ,asc5sion prec$es t ( !
 ,assumption expla9s :y ,jesus is made  
to say to 8 "m 7,virgo7 soon aft] 8     
resurrection1 ,t\* me n3 = ,i am n yet  
asc5d$ to my ,fa!r4 ,john xx4 #ag4   ,! 
,"l's ,supp]4  ,9 ! anci5t sol> wor%ip !
 s-call$ ord9ance ( ! ,"l's ,supp] 0    
obs]v$ j be=e ! anniv]s>y ( ! autumnal  
crucifixion2 & consi/+ ( bread & w9e1 9 
ref]5ce to ! matur+ ( ! crops &         
completion ( ! v9tage1 01 l ! mod]n     
fe/ival ( ! h>de/ home1 a season (      
?ankfulness to ! ,"l 7,god ,sol7 z !    
giv] ( all good gifts4 ,h5ce be+ obs]v$ 
b once a ye>1 x 0 9 reality n an        
ord9ance b an anniv]s>y2 & ! fact t     
,*ri/ians p>take ( ^! emblems s         
frequ5tly dur+ ! ye> indicates t !      
orig9al signification ( ! ,"l's ,supp]  

has be5 lo/4   ,transub/antiation1  or !
 conv]sion ( ! bread & w9e into !       
v]itable blood & body ( ,*ri/1 is a     
doctr9e ( ! ,ca?olic *ur* :i* 0 d]iv$ f 
! ritual ( ! anci5t sol> wor%ip4  ,9 !  
#bf? *apt] ( ,mat!w we h an acc\nt ( !  
,"l adm9i/]+ ! la/ supp] to 8 ,disciples
 on ! eve ( ! autumnal crucifixion1 & 9 
v]se #bg x reads t he took ! cup1 & gave
 ?anks1 & gave x to !m1 say+1 ,dr9k ye  
all ( x4 ,! compil]s ( ! mod]n v]sion ( 
! ,gospel /ory mu/ surely h inadv]t5tly 
copi$ ?is text z x read 9 ! anci5t      
v]sions ( t old1 old /ory1 :i*1 :5      
obs]v$ 9 remembrance ( ,our ,"l &       
,savi\r ,bac*us1 0 call$ ! ,bac*analia1 
or fea/1 ( ,bac*us4 ,at ^! orgies !     
p>ticipants give ?anks = ! w9e by n only
 dr9k+ all ( "o cup1 b _m m2 9 fact !y  
kept on dr9k+ until !y fell "u ! table4 
,autumnal ,crucifixion4  ,! b5efic5t    
seasons ( ,spr+ & ,summ] com+ to an end 
at ! ,autumnal ,equ9ox1 ! #bb;d (       
,septemb] 0 made ! anniv]s>y ( !        
,autumnal ,crucifixion4 ,! v]nal        

resurrection & ,autumnal ,crucifixion1  
repres5t+ ! alt]nate triumph ( !        
p]sonifi$ pr9ciples ( ,good & ,evil1 z  
manife/$ 9 ! div]sity ( ! seasons2 we   
f9d appropriately express$ 9 two        
religi\s pictures4 ,9 ! "o1 ! ,savi\r1  
appeal+ z a vigor\s "y man1 surr\nd$ by 
a brilliant halo1 repres5t+ ! rays ( !  
all-conqu]+ ,sun ( ,spr+1 is ris+       
triumphantly f ! tomb1 be=e :om ! demon 
( ,w9t]1 or ,devil1 is se5 retreat+ 9 ! 
backgr\nd4 ,9 ! o!r1 ! vanqui%$ ,savi\r1
 repres5t$ by ! figure ( a lean & hagg>d
 man1 ) a cr[n ( ?orns ^u 8 head1 ar\nd 
:i* appe>s a fa9t halo ( ! ,sun's decl9+
 rays1 & above :i* is plac>d$ ! lett]s  
,i4 ,n4 ,r4 ,i41 ! initial lett]s (     
,lat9 words1 signify+ ! life to come1 or
 ! et]nal life1 is susp5d$ ^u ! cross1  
at ! foot ( :i* 8 "m ,m>y 7,virgo7 is   
repres5t$ z kneel+ 9 a m\rn+ attitude1 &
 by h] side is se5 a s]p5t & a skull1 ! 
emblems ( ,evil & ( ,dea?4  ,see        
plate#e4;gif  plate#f4;gif   ,mi*aelmas4
  ,9 ! cal5d> ( ! anci5t ,a/ral ,wor%ip1

 ! f\r? day aft] ! ,autumnal ,equ9ox 0  
d$icat$ to ! g5ius ( ,autumn4 ,9 !      
,*aldean allegories ! "n ( ,mi*ael 0    
giv5 to ?is p]sonification1 & call$     
,mi*aelmas1 or fea/ ( ,mi*ael4 ,9 !     
,ca?olic cal5d> ?is anniv]s>y is plac$  
an ! #bi? ( ,septemb]1 in/ead ( ! #bf? (
 t mon?1 :ile t ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 ! ,*ri/ian
 g5ius ( ,autumn1 :i* %\ld be plac$ on !
 #bf? ( t mon?1 is obs]v$ on ! #ba/4    
,?us we h %[n t ! anniv]s>ies ( ! anci5t
 ,a/ral ,wor%ip 7 all fix$1 & f *ur*    
hi/ory we le>n t !y 7 s obs]v$ by !     
,*ri/ians until ! ,c\ncil ( ,nice 9 !   
ye> #cbe1 :5 ! ,bi%ops assembl$ at t    
celebrat$ convocation1 desir+ to h !    
fe/ival ( ,ea/] celebrat$ on ,sunday1   
:i* _h be5 made ! ,sabba? by ! edict (  
,con/ant9e1 9 ! ye> #cba1 ord]$ t x %\ld
 be obs]v$ on ! ,sunday ( ! full moon1  
:i* comes on or next aft] ! ,v]nal      
,equ9ox4 ,h5ce1 conv]t+ x into a movable
 fe/ival1 its alli$ fea/s & fa/ days 7  
also made movable4    ,,p]sonifications 
,,( ,,! ,,divisions ,,( ,,"t4  ,9 !     

anci5t sol> fables ! sev]al divisions ( 
"t 7 p]sonifi$ & made to pay homage to !
 ,triune ,deity1 suppos$ to be en?ron$  
above ! firmam5t4   ,! ,h\rs4  ,! g5ii (
 ! h\rs 7 designat$ z ,eld]s1 & we f9d  
!m describ$ 9 ! #d? *apt] ( ,revelation 
z sitt+ r\nd ab\t ! ?rone ^u f\r & tw5ty
 seats1 clo!d 9 :ite raim5t1 & cr[ns (  
gold ^u _! heads4   ,! ,days4  ,ea* day 
( ! ye> 0 appropriately p]sonifi$1 & ^! 
g5ii ( ! days con/itute ! sa9ts ( !     
,*ri/ian cal5d>4 ,( ^! we w ref] to b   
"o4 ,accord+ to ! anci5t belief t ! sun 
/ood /ill = ! space ( ?ree days at ea* (
 ! c>d9al po9ts1 ! #bd? ( ,june 0 made !
 fir/ ( ! decreas+ days2 & d$icat+ x to 
,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 he is made to say 9
 ref]5ce to 8 opposite1 7! g5ius ( !    
#be? ( ,decemb]1 & fir/ ( ! increas+    
days17 ,he mu/ increase1 b ,i mu/       
decrease4 ,?is text1 f\nd 9 ,john iii4  
#cj1 simply means t ! days ( ! "o mu/   
increase 9 l5g?1 :ile ! days ( ! o!r mu/
 decrease4   ,! ,mon?s4  ,! fable ( !   
twelve labors hav+ be5 sup]s$$ by o!rs1 

9 :i* ! g5ii ( ! twelve signs ( !       
,zodiac1 correspond+ to ! mon?s1 7      
designat$ z angels1 & made to m9i/] to  
,god ,sol :ile mak+ 8 app>5t annual     
revolution2 b1 :5 con/itut$ ! att5dants 
( ! inc>nate savi\rs dur+ _! imag9>y e>?
 life1 !y 7 p]sonifi$ z m5 & call$      
,disciples4 ,( ^! g5ii ( ! mon?s we w   
ref] only to ! fir/ & ! la/4 ,! fir/    
mon?1 d$icat$ to ! g5ius kn[n 9 !       
my?ology z ,janus1 & f :i* 0 d]iv$ ! "n 
,janu>y1 0 portray$ ) two faces1 ! "o ( 
an old man look+ m\rnfully backw>d ov] !
 old ye>1 & ! o!r ( a "y man look+      
joyfully =w>d to ! new ye>4 ,?is        
p]sonification1 made ! op5] ( ! ye>1 &  
repres5t$ z hold+ a pair ( cross-keys1 0
 call$ ,! c>ri] ( ! keys ( ! k+dom (    
heav54 ,h5ce1 ! ,popes ( ,rome1 claim+  
apo/olic succession f ,pet]1 ! ,janus ( 
! ,*ri/ian twelve1 we> cross-keys z !   
insignia ( _! (fice4 ,sometimes a       
crosi]1 or %eph]d's crook1 is sub/itut$ 
= "o ( ! keys1 9 ref]5ce to 8 arrogat$  
(fice ( ! lead] ( ! %eep6 ,! au?ority = 

! assumption t ! ,popes are ,pet]'s     
successors is f\nd 9 ,mat!w xvi4 #ah1   
#ai2 b its fallacy becomes app>5t :5 we 
be> 9 m9d t ! scriptures are b          
collections ( a/ronomical allegories1 & 
t ! ,pet] ref]r$ to 9 ! text 0 n a man1 
b ! my?ical g5ius ( ! mon? ( ,janu>y4   
,9 ref]5ce to ! la/ mon?1 we f9d t !    
au?ors ( ! anci5t sol> fables1 ev] d\bt+
 :e!r ,god ,sol1 aft] inaugurat+ ,w9t]  
by 8 suppos$ retreat f ! e>?1 w\ld      
return to revivify nature ) 8 life-giv+ 
rays1 gave to ! g5ius ( ! twelf? mon? ! 
title ( ! ,d\bt]4 ,9 ! ,*ri/ian cal5d>  
?is p]sonification is kn[n z ,?omas1 & a
 m specific d$ication ( ! %orte/ day ( !
 ye> hav+ be5 made to him1 ! #ba/ day ( 
,decemb] is call$ ,/4 ,?omas day4   ,!  
,seasons4  ,:5 ! c>d9al po9ts 7 9 !     
con/ellations ,leo1 ,taurus1 ,aqu>ius & 
,scorpio1 ! a/rolog]s1 object+ to !     
signification ( ! latt]1 sub/itut$ !    
con/ellation 9 conjunction !re)1 :i* is 
kn[n z ,aquila 7,ak-we-la7 or ,fly+     
,eagle4 ,9 ! allegorical a/ronomy ( t   

remote p]iod ^! g5ii ( ! seasons 7      
designat$ z bea/s1 & z su* we f9d !m    
ref]r$ to 9 ,revelation iv4 #g1 :i*     
reads z foll[s3 ,& ! fir/ bea/ 0 l a    
lion 7,leo71 & ! second bea/ l a calf   
7,taurus1 ! bull calf71 & ! ?ird bea/ _h
 a face z a man1 7,aqu>ius1 ! wat]man7 &
 ! f\r? bea/ 0 l a fly+ eagle 7,aquila74
 ,9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,ezekiel1 ! prophet1 
! g5ii ( ! seasons are ref]r$ to 9 !    
same mann]4  ,^! g5ii ( ! seasons1 /&+1 
imag9>ily1 at ! f\r corn]s ( ! heav5s1 7
 call$ corn]-keep]s1 & mak+ !m witnesses
 to ,god ,sol 9 8 app>5t annual         
revolution1 ! f\nd]s ( ! ,a/ral ,wor%ip 
designat$ !m z ,ar*angels1 ,evangeli/s1 
,god-,spell]s or ,gospel-,be>]s1 &      
claim+ inspiration f !m1 compos$ f\r    
diff]5t hi/ories ( ! bir? & e>?-life ( !
 inc>nate savi\r1 to ea* ( :i* !y atta*$
 a "n1 & call$ ^! records ! ,gospel     
/ory4 ,9 its ,*aldean v]sion1 ! names ( 
,gabriel1 ,mi*ael1 ,raphael & ,uriel 7  
giv5 !m2 b :ile ! fir/ two ( ^! are     
m5tion$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,gospel /ory1 its  

au?ors gave to ! ,evangeli/s ! names (  
,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke & ,john4 ,?us kn[+ !
 true signification ( ! ,disciples &    
,evangeli/s1 ! v p]t95t "q pres5ts      
itself3 ,if !y are n ! g5ii ( ! mon?s & 
! seasons1 :y are !re j twelve ( ! "o & 
f\r ( ! o!r8  ,see plate#g4;gif   ,half 
,ye> ( ,increas+ ,days4  ,9 ! anci5t    
a/rolatry1 ! half ye> ( increas+ days1  
ext5d+ f ! ,w9t] to ! ,summ] ,sol/ice1 0
 p]sonifi$ by ! composite figure        
repres5t+ ! con/ellations ( ,taurus &   
,aqu>ius1 :i*1 con/itut$ ( ! w+$ body ( 
a bull & ! head & be>d ( a man1 0 call$ 
! ,*]ubim4 ,?is p]sonification we f9d   
portray$ ^u ! ,assyrian m>bles on       
exhibition 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4   ,half 
,ye> ( ,decreas+ ,days4  ,! half ye> (  
decreas+ days1 ext5d+ f ! ,summ] to !   
,w9t] ,sol/ice1 0 p]sonifi$ by ! figure1
 :i*1 repres5t+ ! con/ellations ( ,leo &
 ,aquila1 & compos$ ( ! w+$ body & limbs
 ( a lion1 ) ! head ( an eagle1 0 call$ 
! ,s]aphim4 ,^! la/ two p]sonifications 
con/itut$ ! ,ar*angels ( ! anci5t ,a/ral

 ,wor%ip4   ,la/ ,qu>t] ( ! ,ye>4  ,!   
la/ qu>t] ( ! ye> 0 p]sonifi$ 9 ! anci5t
 allegories z a decrepit old man1 :o1   
/ung by a ,scorpion 7,scorpio71 &       
fatally w\nd$ by an arr[ f ! quiv] ( an 
ar*] 7,saggit>ius7 dies at ! ,w9t]      
,sol/ice2 &1 aft] ly+ 9 ! grave = !     
space ( ?ree days1 is br\ght to life    
aga94 ,su* 0 ! p]sonification ref]r$ to 
9 ! ,*ri/ian ,gospel-/ory z hav+ be5    
rais$ f ! grave by ! m&ate1 ,come =?1   
,laz>us4 ,?us h we %[n t ! eld]s & !    
sa9ts2 ! angels1 & ! ,ar*angels2 !      
,*]ubim & ,s]aphim2 & also poor old     
,laz>us1 are b p]sonifications ( !      
sev]al divisions ( "t4    ,,zodiacal    
,,symbols ,,( ,,sol> ,,wor%ip4  ,hav+   
%[n t ! f\nd]s ( ! anci5t a/rolatry     
accord$ homage to ,god ,sol z ,"l (     
,evil1 "u ! symbol ( ! s]p5t1 & m>k$ !  
beg9n+ ( 8 reign1 z su*1 by !           
con/ellation ,s]p5s plac$ 9 conjunction 
) ! ,autumnal ,equ9ox2 we w n[ direct   
att5tion to ! symbols "u :i* he 0       
wor%ipp$ z ,"l ( ,good1 :i*1 correspond+

 to ! =m ( ! con/ellation 9 :i* occurr$ 
! ,v]nal ,equ9ox1 & :i* 0 *ang$ to      
correspond to ! =m ( ! succe$+          
con/ellation z t ,c>d9al po9t pass$ into
 x1 by t process1 kn[n 9 ,a/ronomy1 z ! 
precession ( ! ,equ9oxes1 its           
explanation becomes ess5tial to a       
correct und]/&+ ( our subject4  ,aft]   
long obs]vation1 aid$ by ! telescope1 ( 
:i* !y 7 und\bt$ly ! orig9al inv5tors1 !
 anci5t ,a/rolog]s discov]$ t ! ,sun1 9 
mak+ 8 app>5t annual revolution1 did n  
return to ! same po9t 9 ! heav5s1 b fell
 beh9d t ( ! prec$+ ye>1 at ! rate ( #ej
 #a_/d seconds ( a degree annually4 ,at 
?is rate ( precession1 :i* mod]n1       
calculation has confirm$1 x requires #ga
 #b-c ye>s = ! ,c>d9al po9ts to pass    
?r\gh "o degree on ! ,ecliptic1 & #baej 
ye>s ?r\gh ?irty degrees1 or "o sign ( !
 ,zodiac4 ,! k ( ?is process af=d+ an   
exact *ronology1 we are enabl$1 n only  
to det]m9e ! orig9 ( ^! symbols1 b to   
approximate1 v ne>ly1 to ! respective   
dates ( _! adoption4   ,! ,sph9x4  ,f ! 

tea*+s ( ,a/ronomy we le>n t ! ,summ]   
,sol/ice is n[ occupy+ ! po9t betwe5 !  
signs ( ,taurus & ,gem9i1 f :i* we "k t 
t ,c>d9al po9t has pass$ ?r\gh ?ree :ole
 signs s9ce x 0 betwe5 ! signs ( ,leo & 
,virgo1 & we h b to multiply #b1aej by  
#c to det]m9e t x has be5 ab\t #f1dej   
ye>s ago4 ,h5ce1 ! t\ri/ to ! ,nile     
valley1 :5 view+1 ne> ! base ( old      
,*eops1 ! great ,egyptian pyramid1 a    
colossal head & bu/ ( a woman1 c>v$ 9   
/one1 & le>ns t x is atta*$ to a body1 9
 ! =m ( a lion 9 a cr\*+ attitude #adf  
feet long1 hidd5 b5ea? ! %ift+ s&s ( !  
,libyan des]t2 if possess$ ( ! k ( !    
precession ( ! ,equ9oxes1 he w be enabl$
 to solve ! riddle ( ! ,sph9x by        
recogniz+ 9 t grotesque monum5t !       
mid-summ] symbol ( sol> wor%ip1 :5 !    
,summ] ,sol/ice 0 betwe5 ! signs ( ,leo 
& ,virgo4   ,! ,dragon4  ,:5 ! ,summ]   
,sol/ice 0 betwe5 ! signs ( ,leo &      
,virgo1 ! ,w9t] ,sol/ice 0 betwe5 ^? (  
,aqu>ius & ,pisces1 & ! figure compos$ (
 ! body ( a man ) ! tail ( a fi% became 

! mid-w9t] symbol ( sol> wor%ip4 ,su* 0 
! =m ( ?is symbol to :i* ! anci5t       
,pho5icians paid homage to ! ,"l "u ! "n
 ( ,dagon4   ,! ,bull4  ,at ! same "t ! 
,summ] ,sol/ice ent]$ ! sign ( ,leo1 !  
,v]nal ,equ9ox ent]$ t ( ,taurus1 & !   
bull becom+ ! spr+ symbol ( sol>        
wor%ip--! ,"l 0 designat$ 9 ! anci5t    
allegories z ! bull ( ,god :i* take?    
away ! s9 ( ! _w2 :i*1 %orn ( its       
allegorical s5se1 signifies ! sun 9     
,taurus1 or sun ( spr+1 :i* take? away !
 evil ( ,w9t]4 ,su* is ! purport (      
hi]oglyphical inscriptions ^u papyrus   
rolls f\nd 9 ,egypt1 & engrav$ ^u       
obelisks erect$ 9 ! ,nile valley1 "o (  
:i* has be5 rec5tly br\ght to ! ,city ( 
,new ,york & set up 9 ,c5tral ,p>k4 ,9 !
 ,ea/ ,indies ?is symbol 0 repres5t$ by 
! figure ( a bull ) ! sol> disk betwe5 8
 horns2 & ! ,egyptians1 :o 7 ( ,h9doo   
orig91 p]petuat+ x 9 _! ,apis1 x 0      
reproduc$ 9 ! gold5 calf ( ! anci5t     
,israelites4 ,! ,assyrians repres5t$ ?is
 symbol by ! figure ( a w+$ bull ) !    

face & be>d ( a man2 ! ,pho5icians1 9 _!
 ,baal1 by ! figure ( a man ) a bull's  
head & horns2 & ! small silv] bull's    
heads ) gold5 horns1 rec5tly discov]$ by
 ,dr4 ,s*liemann 9 ! ru9s ( ,myc5ae1 7  
jewels worn by ! wom5 ( t anci5t city1  
:5 ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox 0 9 ! sign (        
,taurus4   ,! ,ram4  ,by d$uct+ #b1aej  
ye>s f #f1dej1 we det]m9e t ab\t #d1cjj 
ye>s2 ago ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox ent]$ ! sign 
( ,aries1 & ! spr+ symbol ( sol> wor%ip1
 *ang+ f ! bull to ! ram1 0 repres5t$ by
 ram-head$ figures1 two ( :i*1 f\nd 9   
,egypt1 are on exhibition 9 ! ,briti%   
,museum4 ,!n ! text :i* read ! bull (   
,god1 0 *ang$ to ! ,ram ( ,god :i* take?
 away ! s9s ( ! _w4   ,! ,lamb4         
,ultimately atta*+ a meek & l[ly        
disposition to ! imag9>y inc>nations ( !
 my?ical g5ius ( ! sun1 ! symbol ( ! ram
 0 *ang$ to t ( ! lamb1 & ! text 9 !    
allegories1 :i* read ! ,ram ( ,god1 0   
*ang$ to read ,! ,lamb ( ,god :i* take? 
away ! s9 ( ! ,_w1 ,john i1 #bi4 ,!     
explanation we h giv5 relative to !     

,zodiacal ,symbols ( sol> wor%ip makes !
 assurance d\bly sure t ! orig9als ( !  
,new ,te/am5t 7 compos$ :5 ! ,v]nal     
,equ9ox 0 9 ! sign ( ,aries1 z w be %[n 
h]eaft]4 ,hav+ adopt$ ! symbol ( ! lamb1
 x 0 repres5t$ by sev]al =ms ( :at is   
kn[n z ,agnus ,dei1 or ,lamb ( ,god1 "o 
( :i* 0 9 ! =m ( a ble$+ lamb ) a vase  
atta*$ into :i* blood is fl[+1 :i*      
orig9at$ 9 ref]5ce to ! %$d+ ( blood z a
 vic>i\s atonem5t = s94 ,b ! mo/        
compreh5sive =m ( ?is symbol 9 its      
a/ronomical signification1 0 repres5t$  
by ! figure ( a lamb 9 a /&+ attitude1  
support+ ! circle ( ! ,zodiac1 divid$   
into qu>t]s to d5ote ! seasons4 ,at ea* 
( ! c>d9al po9ts !re 0 a small cross1 & 
! lamb held 9 its uplift$ =e-foot a l>g]
 cross1 ! long arm ( :i* 0 made to cut !
 cele/ial equator at ! angle ( #bc #a_/b
 degrees1 ! true angle ( obliquity ( !  
,ecliptic4 ,?is symbol is /ill reta9$ 9 
! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4  ,see plate#h4;gif    
,! ,fi%4  ,by d$uct+ #b1aej ye>s f      
#d1cjj we det]m9e t ab\t #b1aej ye>s ago

 ! ,v]nal ,equ9ox ent]$ ! sign (        
,pisces2 & al?\gh ! orig9al v]sion ( !  
,new ,te/am5t 0 f\nd$ ^u ! symbol ( !   
lamb1 x is a hi/orical fact t = c5turies
 aft] ! beg9n+ ( our era1 ! ,*ri/ians   
paid homage to ! ,"l "u ! symbol ( !    
fi%2 b ultimately go+ into desuetude1 ! 
lamb 0 reta9$ z ! di/+ui%+ symbol ( !   
,*ri/ian religion until ! ye> #fhj1 at  
:i* date ano!r 0 sub/itut$1 z w be %[n  
"u our next head+4    ,,signs ,,op ,,!  
,,cross4  ,among ! num]\s symbols ( sol>
 wor%ip1 besides ^? we h already ref]r$ 
to1 !re are ?ree to :i* we w direct     
att5tion4 ,two ( ^! 7 ( a/ronomical     
signification3 ! "o adopt$ :5 ! ,spr+   
,equ9ox 0 9 ! sign ( ,taurus & %ap$ l ! 
lett] ,t1 0 ! model aft] :i* ! anci5t   
temples 7 built2 & ! o!r1 %ap$ l ! lett]
 ,x1 9 ref]5ce to ! angle ( #bc #a_/b   
degrees made by ! cross+ ( ! ,ecliptic &
 ! ,cele/ial equator1 is kn[n z ,/4     
,&rew's ,cross4 ,! ?ird1 & mo/ important
 ( all ! symbols ( sol> wor%ip1 9 its   
relation to ! ,*ri/ian religion1 :i*1   

hav+ no a/ronomical signification1      
orig9at$ 9 ,egypt1 9 ref]5ce to ! annual
 inundation ( ! riv] ,nile4 ,to m>k !   
height to :i* ! wat] %\ld rise to secure
 an abundant h>ve/1 po/s 7 plant$ ^u its
 banks to :i* cross beams 7 atta*$ ?us 4
 ,if ! wat] %\ld rise to ! designat$    
height1 x 0 call$ ! wat]s ( life1 or    
riv] ( life2 &1 ultimately1 ?is =m ( !  
cross 0 adopt$ z ! symbol ( ! life to   
come1 or et]nal life2 & ! anci5t        
a/rolog]s _h x engrav$ ^u /one1 encircl$
 ) a hi]oglyphical inscription to t     
effect1 "o ( :i* 0 discov]$ 9 ! ru9s ( !
 temple erect$ at ,alex&ria1 & d$icat$  
to our ,"l & ,savi\r ,s]apis4  ,b1 if ! 
wat] fail$ to rise to ! requir$ height1 
& ! horrors ( />vation becom+ !         
inevitable result1 x 0 ! cu/om ( ! p to 
nail to ^! crosses symbolical           
p]sonifications ( ! ,demon ( ,fam9e4 ,to
 indicate ! /]ility ( ! doma9 ov] :i* he
 reign$1 he 0 repres5t$ by ! figure ( a 
lean & hagg>d man1 ) a cr[n ( ?orns ^u 8
 head2 a re$ cut f ! riv]'s bank 0 plac$

 9 8 h&s1 z 8 unreal sceptre2 &1        
consid]+ ! inhabitants ( ,judea z ! mo/ 
slavi% & mean-spirit$ race 9 _! k1 !y   
plac>d$ ?is figure ) ! inscription3 ,?is
 is ! ,k+ ( ! ,jews4 ,?us1 to ! anci5t  
,egyptians1 ?is sign ( ! cross 0 bless$ 
or accurs$ z x 0 repres5t$ )1 or )\t1   
?is figure susp5d$ ^u x4  ,:5 ! ,roman1 
or mod]n1 =m ( ,*ri/ianity 0 in/itut$1 !
 hi]oglyphical inscription signify+ !   
life to come or et]nal life 0 sub/itut$ 
by a plac>d nail$ to ! cross ) ! lett]s 
,i4 ,n4 ,r4 ,i4 inscrib$ ^u x1 :i* are !
 initials ( ! ,lat9 words convey+ ! same
 mean+4 ,b if we w\ld le>n h[ ! figure (
 a man came to be susp5d$ ^u ?is =m ( ! 
cross1 we mu/ ref] to ,m$iaeval ,hi/ory1
 :i* tea*es t 9 ! ye> #fhj1 "u !        
,pontificate ( ,aga?on1 & dur+ ! reign (
 ,con/ant9e ,pogonat1 at ! six? c\ncil (
 ! *ur*1 & ?ird at ,con/ant9ople1 x 0   
ord]$ 9 ,canon #hb t ,in/ead ( a lamb1 !
 figure ( a man nail$ to a cross %\ld be
 ! di/+ui%+ symbol ( ! ,*ri/ian         
religion4 ,n[1 z ?is figure is repres5t$

 by t ( a lean & hagg>d man1 ) a cr[n ( 
?orns ^u 8 head1 does x n look z if !   
old ,egyptian ,demon ( ,fam9e 0 ! model 
aft] :i* x 0 con/ruct$8    ,,future     
,,rew>ds ,,& ,,puni%m5ts4  ,9 ! anci5t  
,a/rolatry1 two diff]5t sy/ems ( future 
rew>ds & puni%m5ts 7 inculcat$2 !       
,ori5tal or ,ea/ ,indian1 & ! ,occid5tal
 or ,egyptian2 ! =m]1 ignor+ !          
resurrection ( ! body1 taught b "o      
judgm5t imm$iately aft] dea?1 & ! latt] 
inculcat$ an individual judgm5t         
imm$iately aft] dea?1 ! resurrection ( !
 body1 & a g5]al judgm5t at ! end ( !   
_w1 or conclusion ( ! #ab1jjj ye> cycle4
   ,! ,ori5tal ,sy/em4  ,consid]+ p]fect
 happ9ess to consi/ 9 absolute re/1 !   
,ori5tal a/rolog]s conceiv$ a /ate (    
et]nal & unconsci\s repose1 equival5t to
 s\l absorption1 to :i* !y gave ! "n (  
,nirvana1 into :i* !y taught t1 by !    
aw>ds ( ! gods1 ! s\ls ( ! righte\s1 or 
^? :o _h liv$ :at !y call$ !            
contemplative life1 w\ld be p]mitt$ to  
ent] imm$iately aft] dea?4 ,b1 = ! s\ls 

( s9n]s1 !y inv5t$ a sy/em ( expiatory  
puni%m5ts :i*1 kn[n z ! ,metempsy*osis1 
or transmigration ( s\ls1 taught t !y   
w\ld be compell$ to successively animate
 ! bodies ( bea/s1 birds1 fi%es1 etc41 =
 a ?\s& ye>s be=e be+ p]mitt$ to ent] ! 
,nirvana4   ,! ,occid5tal ,sy/em4  ,9   
concoct+ ! doctr9e ( ! fir/ judgm5t !   
,egyptian a/rolog]s1 ignor+ ! ,nirvana1 
inculcat$ ! future s5ti5t exi/5ce ( !   
s\l2 &1 :ile reta9+ ! ,metempsy*otial   
expiations ( ! ,ori5tal sy/em1 taught t 
its rew>ds1 & pr9cipal puni%m5ts1 w\ld  
be enjoy$ or suff]$ 9 ! "u or ne!r _w1 !
 exi/5ce ( :i* !y _h conceiv$ 9         
con/ruct+ _! sy/em ( nature4 ,?is       
imag9>y region1 kn[n to ! ,egyptians z !
 ,am5ti1 to ! ,greeks z ,hades1 & to !  
,hebrews z ,%eol1 0 divid$ by an        
impassable gulf into ! two /ates (      
happ9ess & mis]y :i* 7 designat$ 9 !    
,grecian my?ology z ! ,elysium1 or      
,elysian ,fields1 & ! ,t>t>us4 ,9 ! l[] 
"p ( ! latt] 0 locat$ ! ,phlege?on1 or  
lake ( fire & brim/one1 ! smoke f :i*   

asc5d$ into an upp] ap>tm5t4  ,9 ?is    
sy/em x 0 taught t ! s\ls ( ! two       
extremes ( society1 con/itut$ ( !       
righte\s & ! great s9n]s1 w\ld be       
consign$ imm$iately aft] ! fir/ judgm5t1
 ! "o to ! ,elysium1 & ! o!r to !       
,phlege?on1 :]e !y 7 to rema9 until !   
second or g5]al judgm5t2 :ile ! s\ls (  
less v5ial s9n]s1 con/itut+ ! great]    
mass ( mank9d1 be=e be+ p]mitt$ to ent] 
! ,elysium w\ld be compell$ to suff] !  
expiatory puni%m5ts ( ! ,metempsy*osis1 
or 9 ! upp] region1 or smoky r[ ( !     
,t>t>us4 ,su* 0 ! ,egyptian purgatory1 &
 its d5iz5s con/itut$ ! spirits 9 prison
 ref]r$ to 9 ,i4 ,pet] iii4 #ai1 f :i* !
 a/rolog]s claim$ to h ! p[] to release1
 provid$ _! surviv+ fri5ds paid lib]ally
 = _! propitiatory (fices2 &1 f ?is     
assumption1 ! cl]gy ( ! ,ca?olic *ur*   
d]iv$ ! idea ( say+ masses = ! repose ( 
! s\l4 ,^! doctr9es 7 c>ri$ by          
,py?agoras f ,egypt to ,greece ab\t #eej
 ye>s be=e ! beg9n+ ( our era2 & pass+ f
 !nce to ,rome1 ! ,greek & ,lat9 poets  

vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 portray+ ,hades & ! joys
 & t]rors ( its two /ates4   ,! ,second 
or ,g5]al ,judgm5t4  ,! ,egyptian       
,a/rolog]s1 recogniz+ ! s\l z a mat]ial 
entity1 & conceiv+ ! idea t 9 ! future  
life x w\ld require a mat]ial           
organization = its p]fect action1 taught
 t at ! g5]al judgm5t x w\ld be re-unit$
 to its resurrect$ body4 ,9 con=mity to 
?is belief1 ,job is made to say 9 *apt] 
xix4 #be1 #bf1 ,i "k t my ,r$eem] live?1
 & t he %all /& at ! latt] day ^u ! e>?2
 & ?\gh worms de/roy ?is body1 yet 9 my 
fle% %all ,i see ,god4 ,! high] class   
,egyptians1 h[ev]1 fe>+ t _! exi/5ce    
w\ld cont9ue to be ( ! same %ad[y &     
intangible "* aft] ! second judgm5t1 z  
!y believ$ x w\ld be 9 ! ,am5ti1 if     
worms 7 all[$ to de/roy _! bodies1 hop$ 
to pres]ve !m until t "t by ! process ( 
embalm+4  ,! imag9>y ev5ts to occur 9   
connection ) ! second judgm5t1 :i*1     
con/itut+ ! f9ale ( ! plan ( r$emption1 
& inculcat$ 9 :at are kn[n z ! doctr9es 
( ,second ,adv5tism1 7 to be inaugurat$ 

by an ar*angel s\nd+ a trumpet summon+ !
 quick & ! dead to appe> be=e ! b> ( !  
gods to receive _! f9al aw>ds4 ,at !    
second judgm5t1 designat$ 9 ! allegories
 z ! la/ day1 day ( judgm5t1 great &    
t]rible day ( ! ,"l1 etc41 x 0 taught t 
! t5? & la/ savi\r w\ld make 8 second   
adv5t by desc5d+ ^u ! cl\ds1 & aft] !   
f9al aw>ds1 ! elect be+ caught up to    
meet ! ,"l 9 ! air 7,i4 ,!s4 iv4 #ag71 !
 heav5 & ! e>? w\ld be r$uc$ to *aos    
?r\gh ! ag5cy ( fire4 ,9 ref]5ce to t   
gr& cata/rophe we f9d x record$ 9 ,,ii4 
,pet] iii4 #aj1 t ! heav5s %all pass    
away ) a great noise & ! elem5ts %all   
melt ) f]v5t heat1 ! e>? also & ! works 
t are !re9 %all be burn$ up4  ,aft] !   
organization ( a new heav5 & a new e>? x
 0 taught t ^u ! latt] w\ld desc5d a    
beautiful city1 ) pe>ly gates & gold5   
/reets1 call$ ! ,city ( ,god1 ! ,k+dom (
 ,god1 ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 or ,new        
,j]usalem1 9 :i* ! ho/ ( ! r$eem$ w\ld1 
) _! ,"l & ,savi\r1 enjoy ! ,mill5nium1 
or ?\s& ye>s ( happ9ess unalloy$ ) evil2

 & su* 0 ! ,k+dom = ! spe$y com+ ( :i* !
 vot>ies ( ,a/ral wor%ip 7 taught to    
pray 9 :at is kn[n z ! ,"l's ,pray]4    
,accord+ to ! tea*+s ( ! ,allegories1   
!re 7 to be no sun1 moon or />s dur+ !  
,mill5nium1 _! au?ors hav+ arrang$ x s t
 ! light ( ^? lum9>ies w\ld n be ne$$1 z
 we f9d record$ 9 ,rev4 xxi4 #bc1 &     
xxii4 #e3 ,! city _h no ne$ ( ! sun1    
nei!r ( ! moon to %9e 9 x2 = ! glory (  
,god did light5 x1 & !re %all be no     
night !re2 & !y ne$ no c&le1 nei!r !    
light ( ! sun2 = ! ,"l ,god give? !m    
light4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 :5 read+ !   
fanciful ideas relative to ! ,city (    
,god1 t !y 7 compos$ by m5 :o1 liv+ 9 a 
v ignorant age1 gave free re9 to f]vid  
imag9ations4    ,,jewi% ,,or ,,anci5t   
,,*ri/ianity4  ,x is our purpose to     
pres5t ! evid5ces %[+ t a sy/em ( ,a/ral
 wor%ip1 :i* we designate z ,jewi%      
,*ri/ianity1 0 9 exi/5ce m ?an two      
c5turies & a half be=e ! in/itution (   
its mod]n =m4 ,9 v]ification ( ?is      
ass]tion we mu/ f9d ! initial po9t ( our

 inquiry 9 anci5t hi/ory1 :i* tea*es t 9
 ! division ( ! ,grecian ,empire among 8
 g5]als1 aft] ! dea? ( ,alex&] ! ,great1
 :o di$ #ccb ye>s be=e ! beg9n+ ( our   
era1 ! gov]nor%ip ( ,egypt & adjac5t    
prov9ces 0 secur$ by ,ptolemy ,lagus1 or
 ,sot]1 :o1 hav+ subsequ5tly suppress$ a
 revolt 9 ,judea1 remov$ f t c\ntry a   
l>ge body ( its inhabitants to p ! new  
city ( ,alex&ria1 :i* _h be5 laid out by
 ord] ( & nam$ aft] ! great ,conqu]or4  
,! ,egyptian v]sion ( ! ,gospel /ory1   
be+ m appropriate to ! ,nile ,valley ?an
 to ! region f :5ce !y came1 ! ,greek   
coloni/s ( ,alex&ria adopt$ x1 b pref]r+
 to pay homage to ,s]apis1 "o ( ! n9?   
inc>nations ( ,god ,sol1 :i* !y import$ 
f ,pontus1 a ,greek prov9ce ( ,asia     
,m9or1 !y erect$ to 8 wor%ip t celebrat$
 temple kn[n z ! ,gr& ,s]apium2 &1      
transf]r+ ! culture & ref9em5t ( ,greece
 to ! new city1 x became1 "u !          
,ptolemian dyna/y1 a great seat ( le>n+2
 ! arts & sci5ces fl\ri%$1 an imm5se    
libr>y 0 collect$1 ! v>i\s =ms ( ,a/ral 

wor%ip 7 repres5t$ & s*ools = !         
dissem9ation ( ! sev]al phases (        
,grecian philosophy & ,ori5tal          
,gno/icism 7 f\nd$4  ,su* be+ !         
environm5t ( ! ,jewi% resid5ts (        
,alex&ria1 !y soon acquir$ ! v]nacul> & 
adopt$ ! religion ( ! ,greeks1 :o1 hav+ 
ev] atta*$ to _! inc>nate savi\rs !     
title signify+ ! ,*ri/1 or ! ano9t$1 7  
kn[n z ,*ri/ians4 ,enc\rag$ by ! lib]al 
policy ( ,philadelphus1 ! second        
,ptolemy1 a body ( _! le>n$ m51 :o _h   
be5 educat$ 9 ! ,greek s*ools1 f\nd$ a  
college = ! education ( _! own p1 :i*   
in/itution 0 ultimately kn[n z !        
,univ]sity ( ,alex&ria4 ,"u ! auspices (
 ,philadelphus ! pr(essors ( t          
in/itution r5d]$ _! ,hebrew sacr$       
records into ! ,greek language1 :i*     
translation is kn[n z ! ,septuag9t1 or  
,alex&rian v]sion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4    
,hav+ acquir$ f ! ,egyptian a/rolog]s ! 
arts ( heal+1 ?aumaturgy & necromancy1 &
 tea*+ !m 9 _! s*ool1 ! pr(essors ( !   
,jewi% college ( ,alex&ria assum$ !     

title ( ,ess5es1 or ,!rapeutae1 !       
,egyptian & ,greek words signify+       
,doctors1 ,heal]s or ,wond] ,work]s4    
,possess$ ( ! sad & gloomy *>act]i/ics (
 _! race1 !y adopt$ ! ,contemplative    
,life1 or asceticism ( ! ,ori5tal       
,gno/icism1 f :i* !y d]iv$ ! "n (       
,ascetics4 ,f\nd+ a *ur* = ! propagation
 ( _! peculi> t5ets1 ^? :o 7 set ap>t = 
! m9i/ry assum$ ! title ( ,ecclesia/ics4
 ,inculcat+ rigid temp]ance & self-d5ial
 among _! p1 !y 7 kn[n z ,en*ratites1   
,naz>ites or ,ab/a9]s2 & ! m dev\t among
 !m retir+ to mona/]ies1 or to !        
solitude ( caves & o!r seclud$ places1 7
 also designat$ z ,monks1 ,c5obites1    
,fri>s1 ,eremites1 ,h]mits or           
,solit>ies4  ,! "t hav+ arriv$1 accord+ 
to ! cyclic tea*+s ( ,a/ral wor%ip1 = ! 
manife/ation ( ! t5? & la/ inc>nation ( 
,god ,sol1 or1 9 o!r words1 to1 give a  
new "n to ! my?ical g5ius ( ! sun1 !    
pr(essors ( ! ,jewi% s*ool ( ,alex&ria  
is resolv$ to inaugurate _! own =m (    
wor%ip4 ,:ile reta9+ ! same title "u :i*

 !y _h paid homage to ,s]apis & kn[n z  
,*ri/ians1 ,ess5es or ,!rapeutae1 !y    
sub/itut$ = _! ,*ri/ ! "n ( ! ,grecian  
,bac*us1 :i*1 compos$ ( ! lett]s ,greek3
 ,,iota1 ,,eta1 ,,sigma1 signifies ,yes1
 ,ies or ,jes4 ,9 compos+ _! v]sion ( ! 
,gospel /ory1 hav+1 l _! race1 no       
inv5tive g5ius1 !y appropriat$ t (      
,s]apis z its basis & laid its sc5e 9 ! 
l& ( _! ance/ry1 b inconsi/5tly reta9$ !
 sign ( ! cross & ! phraseology connect$
 !re )1 :i*1 hav+ special ref]5ce to !  
,nile ,riv] & its annual inundation1 _h 
no application :atev] to ! /]ile l& (   
,judea4 ,select+ :at !y conceiv$ to be !
 be/ f o!r v]sions ( ! ,gospel /ory1 &  
assum+ ! title ( ,eclectics1 !y         
designat$ _! sy/em z ! ,eclectic        
,philosophy4 ,9 pro( ( ! eclectic "* ( !
 ,gospel & ,epi/les ( anci5t            
,*ri/ianity1 we ref] to ! ,asceticism   
inculcat$ !re91 :i*1 d]iv$ f ! ,ori5tal 
,gno/icism1 we f9d p]petuat$ 9 !        
scriptures ( mod]n ,*ri/ianity2 we also 
ref] to ! miracle ( conv]t+ wat] into   

w9e1 tak5 f ! ,gospel /ory ( ,bac*us1 & 
to ! /atem5ts t ! ,savi\r 0 ! son ( a   
c>p5t] & 0 hung betwe5 two ?ieves1 copi$
 f ! /ory ( ,*ri/na1 ! ,eigh?1 ,avat> ( 
! ,ea/ ,indian a/rolatry4 ,?us we see t1
 al?\gh ! sc5e ( ! ,gospel /ory ( anci5t
 ,*ri/ianity 0 laid 9 ! l& ( ,judea1 its
 au?ors hav+ adopt$ a ,greek v]sion ( t 
/ory z its basis1 giv5 a ,greek title & 
"n to _! ,messiah1 p]petuat$ a ,greek "n
 = _! sect & quot$ exclusively f !      
,septuag9t1 or ,greek v]sion ( ! ,old   
,te/am5t1 ! facts %[ conclusively t x 0 
n ,jews ( ,judea1 b ,hell5iz$ ,jews (   
,alex&ria1 :o 7 ! real au?ors ( ! anci5t
 ,*ri/ianity4    ,,! ,,prophecies4  ,!  
cl]gy hav+ ev] claim$ t ! prophecies are
 ,div9e revelations ( ev5ts yet to      
occur1 & hav+ incessantly agitat$       
society by prea*+ _! spe$y fulfillm5t1  
we propose to expose ! fallacy ( _!     
tea*+s by %[+ t ^! scriptures are n !   
records ( future ev5ts1 ,div9ely        
reaveal$1 b t !y orig9at$ ) ! f\nd]s (  
,a/ral wor%ip1 :o pr$icat$ !m ^u        

pr$et]m9$ ev5ts ( _! own concoction1    
relative to ! g5]al judgm5t1 & sett+ up 
( ! k+dom ( heav51 :i* 7 to occur z !   
f9ale ( ! plan ( r$emption & f :i* 7    
d]iv$ ! doctr9es ( second adv5tism2 &1 9
 det]m9+ ! exact "t :5 !n 7 to occur1 we
 h b to prove t x 0 co9cid5t ) !        
conclusion ( ! la/ half ( ! gr& cycle ( 
#ab1jjj ye>s1 :i*1 z we h %[n1 0 d$icat$
 to man z ! duration ( 8 race on e>?4   
,z evid5ce t ! f\nd]s ( ! ,jewi% or     
anci5t ,*ri/ianity believ$1 l ! vot>ies 
( o!r =ms ( ,a/ral wor%ip1 t !          
prophecies 7 soon to be fulfill$1 we f9d
 t ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ( ! orig9al v]sion (
 :i* !y 7 ! au?ors1 is replete ) su*    
texts z ,rep5t1 = ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 is  
at h&1 ,matt4 iv4 #ag2 ,!re be "s /&+ "h
 :i* %all n ta/e dea? till !y see ! ,son
 ( ,man com+ 9 ,8 k+dom1 ,matt4 xxi4    
#bh2 ,! "t is fulfill$1 & ! ,k+dom (    
,god is at h&1 ,m>k i4 #ae4 ,t ! orig9al
 v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 compos$ :5 !
 ,v]nal ,equ9ox 0 9 ! sign ( ,aries we  
are assur$ by reason ( ! fact t x       

inculcates homage to ! ,"l "u ! symbol (
 ! ,lamb2 & t x 0 dur+ ! la/1 or #cj?   
degree ( t sign1 c readily be prov5 by  
appeal+ to hi/ory & to a/ronomy1 ! =m] (
 :i* tea*es t ! ,jews 7 remov$ f ,judea 
to ,alex&ria tw5ty-five ye>s be=e !     
accession to ! ?rone ( ,philadelphus1 ! 
,second ,ptolemy1 to :om we h ref]r$ 9  
our prec$+ article1 & :o1 aft] reign+   
?irty-n9e ye>s1 di$ #bdf ye>s be=e !    
beg9n+ ( our era4 ,by ref]5ce to !      
,cele/ial atlas we w f9d t ! ,v]nal     
,equ9ox w pass out ( ! sign ( ,pisces   
into t ( ,aqu>ius1 or 9 ! ye> #aijj1 &  
we h b to d$uct t p]iod ( "t f #baej1 ! 
numb] ( ye>s requir$ = ! c>d9al po9ts to
 pass ?r\gh "o :ole sign1 to det]m9e t !
 ,spr+ ,equ9ox pass$ out ( ! sign (     
,aries into t ( ,pisces #bej ye>s be=e !
 beg9n+ ( our era1 or ab\t #b1ajj ye>s  
ago4 ,n[1 f ! projections ( !           
a/rological sci5ce1 we are assur$ t !   
la/ half ( ! gr& cycle ( #ab1jjj ye>s1  
:i* 0 allott$ to man z ! duration ( 8   
race on e>?1 0 made to beg9 at a "t     

correspond+ to ! ,autumnal ,equ9ox1 :5 t
 c>d9al po9t 0 pass+ out ( ! sign (     
,virgo1 & t ( necessity x _h to come to 
an end at a "t correspond+ to ! ,v]nal  
,equ9ox1 :5 t c>d9al po9t 0 pass+ out ( 
! sign ( ,aries2 f :i* we "k :y1 at !   
la/ judgm5t1 ! (fice ( trumpet] 0       
assign$ to ! ,ar*angel ,gabriel1 ! g5ius
 ( ,spr+1 & :y x 0 a ram's horn ) :i* he
 0 to toot ! crack o' doom4  ,:5 ! "t   
arriv$ = ! fulfillm5t ( ! prophecies we 
c well imag9e t1 fe>+ ! wra? ( ! ,lamb1 
!re 7 weep+1 wail+ & gna%+ ( tee? among 
! t]ror-/rick5 s9n]s1 :ile ^? :o believ$
 !y _h made _! call+ & election sure 7  
look+ ) fev]i% expectancy = ! second    
adv5t ( _! ,"l & ,savi\r2 &1 d\btless1  
clo!d ) _! asc5sion robes1 !y wat*$ &   
wait$1 ) e>s al]t1 to he> ! s\nd (      
,gabriel's trumpet1 summon+ ! quick1 & !
 dead to ! g5]al judgm5t4 ,b n a bla/ f 
! ar*angel's ram's horn 0 he>d rev]b]at+
 along ! skies1 no ,"l appe>$ desc5d+ ^u
 ! cl\ds to meet ! elect 9 ! air1 &1 9 !
 la/ act ( ! fe>ful drama ( judgm5t day1

 ! curta9 refus$ to be rung d[n ^u a    
burn+ _w4  ,) ! non-fulfillm5t ( !      
prophecies1 ! m enlight5$ elem5ts (     
society began to sc(f at ! prie/s1 :o 7 
tempor>ily demoraliz$1 b true to _!     
deceptive in/9cts1 soon rally+ ) ! plea 
( a mi/ake hav+ be5 made 9 !            
calculations bas$ ^u ! prophecies1 !y   
und\bt$ly concoct$ scripture to meet t v
 em]g5cy1 =1 to ! taunts ( ! sc(f]s :o1 
9 ref]5ce to ! second adv5t ( ! ,"l1    
enquir$ ,:]e is ! sign ( ,8 com+8 =1    
s9ce ! fa!rs fell asleep1 all ?+s       
cont9ue z !y 7 f ! beg9n+ ( creation1 !y
 answ]$ t ,! ,"l is n slack conc]n+ ,8  
promise1 b z a ?ief 9 ! night he w\ld   
soon come & all ?+s be fulfill$4 ,see   
,,ii4 ,pet]1 *apt] iii4  ,foll[+ up !   
hi/ory ( ?is int]e/+ subject1 we f9d t !
 f\nd]s ( mod]n ,*ri/ianity1 to :i* we w
 ref] 9 our next article1 9 compos+ _!  
v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t f t ( ! ,jewi%1
 or anci5t ,*ri/ians1 made no *ange 9   
its v]biage relative to ! prophecies2 b 
:5 ,con/ant9e ,i41 ,emp]or ( ,rome1     

became ! patron ( ! *ur*1 h] hi]>*y1    
tir$ ( figur+ ^u !m1 secur$ a long      
respite f t tr\blesome subject by claim+
 to h made o!r calculations1 :i* put (f 
! "t ( fulfillm5t to ! ye> #ajjj2 & f   
hi/ory we le>n :5 ! "t arriv$ ! :ole (  
,*ri/5dom 0 fe>fully agitat$ ^u !       
subject3 ,s9ce !n e g5]ation has be5    
vex$ ) ! fallacies ( second adv5tism2 & 
! facts ( ! case ju/ify ! *>ge t !      
cl]gy1 by tea*+ t ! prophecies ref] to  
ev5ts yet to occur1 are p]petuat+ a mo/ 
/up5d\s fraud ^u ,*ri/5dom1 & an e>ne/ &
 effici5t prote/ %\ld be inaugurat$     
aga9/ ! fur!r agitation ( ! mon/r\s     
delusion ( second adv5tism1 :i* is      
fright5+ ?\s&s ( weak-m9d$ p into       
insanity & caus+ a va/ am\nt ( social   
di/ress4    ,,roman ,,or ,,mod]n        
,,*ri/ianity4  ,hav+ pres5t$ ! evid5ces 
t ! ,jewi%1 or anci5t ,*ri/ianity1      
orig9at$ at ! ,univ]sity ( ,alex&ria1 "u
 ,greek rule1 we n[ propose to %[ t its 
mod]n =m emanat$ f ! same s\rce1 "u     
,roman rule2 b1 be=e ent]+ ^u ?is       

inve/igation1 x is important to become  
conv]sant ) ! s5tim5ts manife/$ t[>ds   
religion by ! cultur$ elem5t ( ,roman   
society 9 t enlight5$ era1 :i*1         
designat$ z ! gold5 age ( lit]ature1 0  
adorn$ by su* di/+ui%$ orators1         
philosoph]s1 hi/orians1 poets &         
naturali/s z ,cic]o1 ,tacitus1 ,pl9y1   
,horace & ,virgil4 ,9 ref]5ce to ?is    
subject1 ,gibbon1 9 8 hi/ory ( ,!       
,decl9e & ,fall ( ! ,roman ,empire1 vol4
 ,i41 *apt] #b1 says3 ,! v>i\s modes (  
wor%ip :i* prevail$ 9 ! ,roman _w 7 all 
consid]$ by ! p z equally true1 by !    
philosoph]s z equally false & by !      
magi/rate z equally useful4 ,bo? !      
int]e/s ( ! prie/s & ! cr$ulity ( ! p 7 
suffici5tly respect$4 ,9 _! writ+s &    
conv]sation ! philosoph]s ( antiquity   
ass]t$ ! indep5d5t dignity ( reason1 b  
!y resign$ _! actions to ! comm&s ( law 
& cu/om4 ,view+ ) a smile ( pity &      
indulg5ce ! v>i\s errors ( ! vulg>1 !y  
dilig5tly practic$ ! c]emonies ( _!     
fa!rs1 dev\tly frequ5t$ ! temples ( !   

gods1 & sometimes condesc5d+ to act a "p
 on ! !atre ( sup]/ition1 !y conceal$ ! 
s5tim5ts ( an a!i/ "u ! sac]dotal robe4 
,reason]s ( su* a temp] 7 sc>cely incl9$
 to wrangle ab\t _! respective modes (  
fai? or ( wor%ip4 ,x 0 indiff]5t to !m  
:at %ape ! folly ( ! multitude might    
*oose to assume1 & !y approa*$ ) ! same 
inw>d contempt & ! same ext]nal rev]5ce 
to ! alt>s ( ! ,lybian1 ! ,olympian or !
 ,capitol9e ,jupit]4 ,^u ! same subject 
,mo%eim1 9 8 *ur* hi/ory1 ,book ,i41    
*apt] #a1 says t ,! wis] "p ( mank9d1   
ab\t ! "t ( ,*ri/'s bir?1 look$ ^u !    
:ole sy/em ( religion z a j object (    
contempt & ridicule4  ,9 det]m9+ :y su* 
adv]se s5tim5ts 7 ent]ta9$ t[>ds        
religion by ! wis] "p ( mank9d1 ab\t !  
"t ref]r$ to 9 ! =ego+ quotations1 x w  
be f\nd to h be5 ow+ to ! ext5sive      
spread ( ! ,esot]ic philosophy1 :i*     
taught1 z previ\sly /at$1 t ! gods 7    
my?ical & ! scriptures allegorical4     
,:ile atta9able only ?r\gh initiation1 x
 0 necess>ily conf9$ to a limit$ numb]1 

b1 ultimately gett+ beyond ! control ( !
 prie/s & va/ numb]s acquir+ ! k ( its  
secrets )\t initiation1 x became evid5t 
t x 0 b a "q ( "t :5 !re w\ld be no     
respectable elem5t left to su/a9        
religion4 ,at ?is juncture our att5tion 
is direct$ to ! ,univ]sity ( ,alex&ria1 
:i*1 at t "t1 0 9 a fl\ri%+ condition4  
,hav+ ceas$ to be an exclusively ,jewi% 
s*ool1 /ud5ts f all p>ts ( ! ,roman     
,empire1 )\t reg>d to nationality1 7    
att5d+ x1 & its pr(essors 7 drawn f !   
ranks ( bo? ,jewi% & ,g5tile s*ol>s4    
,realiz+ ! hopelessness ( reviv+ !      
anci5t fai? among ! enlight5$ clem5t (  
society1 & ! impossibility ( proselyt+  
!m to a new =m ( sup]/ition1 ^!         
pr(essors resolv$ to in/itute a sy/em ( 
wor%ip exclusively = ! ,jews & ! l[] &  
neglect$ classes ( ,g5tiles1 includ+ !  
slaves & crim9als4 ,to t end !y rewrote 
! scriptures ( ! ,jewi% or anci5t       
,*ri/ianity1 :i* _h be5 pres]v$ among ! 
secret ar*ives ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,reta9+  
_! tea*+s relative to ! f9ale ( ! plan (

 r$emption1 & its mona/icism2 also ! l& 
( ,judea z ! sc5e ( its v]sion ( !      
,gospel /ory1 & ! "n ( its savi\r1 to   
:i* !y add$ ! ,lat9 t]m9al u1 ?us mak+ x
 ,iesus or ,jesus1 !y p]petuat$ ! ,greek
 "n ( ,bac*us--! same t 0 ultimately    
p]v]t$ into ! monogram :i*1 consi/+ ( ! 
,roman lett]s ,i4 ,h4 ,s41 is f\nd 9 all
 ,ca?olic *ur*es1 & 9 "s ,prote/ant     
ones1 is falsely suppos$ to /& = ,jesus 
,hom9um ,salvator1 or ,jesus1 ,savi\r ( 
,m54 ,con=m+ _! v]sion ( ! ,gospel /ory 
to ! l[ly condition ( its expect$       
vot>ies1 !y atta*$ to ! savi\r !        
*>act]i/ics ( pov]ty1 & made x tea* t he
 0 born 9 a mang]1 t 8 disciples 7 b    
humble fi%]m5 & t ! poor w\ld be ! only 
elect 9 ! k+dom ( heav54 ,dropp+ ! "n ( 
,ess5es or ,!rapeutae1 & reta9+ t (     
,*ri/ian1 !y incorporat$ a ?read ( real 
hi/ory correspond+ to ! reign (         
,augu/us1 & arbitr>ily made ! ,*ri/ian  
era beg9 at t "t4 ,hav+ ?us complet$ _! 
s*eme1 !y prud5tly de/roy$ ! orig9al f  
:i* !y compil$ _! scriptures1 & s5d+ out

 mission>ies to all p>ts ( ! ,empire    
commission$ !m to prea* salvation only  
to ! ,g5tile rabblem5t & to ! ,jews4  ,t
 ! sacr$ records ( ! anci5t ,ess5es or  
,!rapeutae con/itut$ ! basis ( !        
scriptures ( mod]n ,*ri/ianity we h !   
au?ority ( ,eusebius1 ! *ur* hi/orian ( 
! f\r? c5tury1 f :om we le>n ne>ly all t
 is reliable ( its hi/ory dur+ ! fir/   
?ree c5turies4  ,9 8 ,ecclesia/ical     
,hi/ory1 ,book ,,ii4 *apt] #ag1 he makes
 ! important admission t ,^? anci5t     
,!rapeutae 7 ,*ri/ians1 & t _! writt+s  
are our ,gospels & ,epi/les4 ,z fur!r   
evid5ce t mod]n ,*ri/ianity is b a      
survival ( ! ,eclectic philosophy ( !   
anci5t ,!rapeutae1 we h ano!r important 
admission by ! same hi/orian1 :o1 9     
quot+ f an apology address$ to ! ,roman 
,emp]or1 ,m>cus ,anton9us1 9 ! ye> #aga1
 by ,melito1 ,bi%op ( ,s>dis1 9 ,lydia1 
a prov9ce ( ,asia ,m9or1 makes t        
apologi/ say1 9 ref]5ce to c]ta9        
grievances to :i* ! ,*ri/ians 7         
subject$1 t ! philosophy :i* we pr(ess  

truly fl\ri%$ a=etime among ! b>b>\s    
nations2 b hav+ blossom$ aga9 9 ! great 
reign ( ?y ance/or1 ,augu/us1 x prov$ to
 be1 above all ?+s1 om9\s ( good =tune  
to ?y k+dom4 ,?us we h indubitable      
evid5ce t x 0 ! ,eclectic philosophy ( !
 ,jewi%1 or anci5t ,*ri/ianity1 :i*     
blossom$ aga91 9 its mod]n =m1 dur+ !   
reign ( ,augu/us4  ,f ! te/imony (      
,philo1 z ref]r$ to by ,eusebius1 & f ! 
writ+s ( ,josephus1 ! ,jewi% hi/orian1  
we le>n t1 at ! beg9n+ ( our era1 !     
desc5dants ( ! anci5t ,ess5es 7 /ill    
obs]v+ ! practices & cu/oms (           
mona/icism4 ,b z ,josephus ref]s to !m  
only z desc5dants ( ! anci5t ,ess5es1 & 
makes no m5tion ( ,*ri/ or              
,*ri/ians--except 9 "o p>agraph :i* has 
be5 conc$$ by ! be/ au?orities to be an 
int]polation x is evid5t t1 at t "t1 !y 
_h no connection ) ! ,univ]sity (       
,alex&ria1 & no?+ :atev] to d ) !       
in/itution ( mod]n ,*ri/ianity4 ,x is   
also app>5t t ! ,jews ( ,judea _h no h& 
9 its organization1 =1 if !y _h in/itut$

 x1 !y w\ld n h atta*$ to ! ,messiah !  
,greek title signify+ ! ,*ri/1 b1 writ+ 
_! v]sion ( ! ,gospel /ory 9 _! own     
dialect1 w\ld h us$ ! ,hebrew ^w        
signify+ ! ,%iloh 7see ,g54 xlix4 #aj72 
& fur!rmore1 hav+ conceiv$ ! idea t he  
w\ld manife/ himself z a great temporal 
pr9ce1 :o w\ld re-e/abli% ! ?rone (     
,david1 & deliv] !m f ! oppression (    
=eign rul]s1 !y w\ld n h atta*$ to him !
 humble *>act]i/ics ( ! ,*ri/ ( ! new   
,te/am5t4 ,aga91 if !y _h be5 ! au?ors (
 mod]n ,*ri/ianity1 x w\ld h be5 a mo/  
surpris+ inconsi/5cy = !m to turn "r    
ab\t & reject its conceptions ( a       
savior1 especially :5 t rejection       
result$ 9 ! dire p]secutions to :i* _!  
race has ev] be5 subject$ by !          
,*ri/ians4 ,b ! ,g5tile riffraff1       
attract$ by ! graci\s promises ( enjoy+ 
9 ! _w to come ! felicities d5i$ !m 9   
?is1 eag]ly atta*$ !mselves to ! new    
sect1 :i* rapidly increas$ 9 numb]s1 &  
its vot>ies1 glory+ 9 ! opprobri\s epi!t
 ( ,ebionites1 or ne$y ones1 made       

!mselves s obnoxi\s by _! aggression &  
turbul5t dispositions t1 b>ely tol]at$  
by ! ,gov]nm5t & condemn$ by ! cultur$  
adh]5ts to ! e/abli%$ religion1 _m ( !m1
 c\rt+ ! cr[n ( m>tyrdom1 suff]$ dea? at
 ! h&s ( ! civil au?orities2 & ?us 0    
eng5d]$ t _s ( hatr$ aga9/ _! fanci$    
oppressors :i* only await$ ! opportunity
 to manife/ itself 9 de$s ( rap9e       
&-blood%$4  ,! fanacticism :i* prevail$ 
among ! e>li] ,*ri/ians 0 ! direct      
result ( _! d5se ignorance1 & to ?is    
sole cause we may ascribe all ! tr\ble  
:i* ! ,roman ,gov]nm5t _h ) !m1 & to    
become conv9c$ ( ?is fact we h b to /udy
 *ur* hi/ory4 ,9 ref]5ce to ?is subject 
,mo%eim1 9 8 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory2    
,vol4 #d1 "p #b1 *ap4 #a1 says3 ,x is   
c]ta9 t ! greate/ "p bo? ( ! bi%ops &   
presbyt]s 7 m5 entirely de/itute ( le>n+
 & education4 ,besides1 t savage &      
illit]ate p>ty1 :o look$ ^u all sorts ( 
erudition1 p>ticul>ly t ( a             
philosophical k9d1 z p]nici\s1 & ev5    
de/ructive ( true piety & religion1     

increas$ bo? 9 numb] & au?ority4 ,!     
ascetics1 monks & h]mits augm5t$ ! /r5g?
 ( ?is b>b>\s faction1 & n only ! wom51 
b also all :o took solemn looks1 sordid 
g>m5ts1 & a love ( solitude1 = real     
piety1 7 vehem5tly prepossess$ 9 _!     
favor4 ,9 almo/ any hi/ory ( ,engl& we w
 f9d x record$ t1 ev5 9 ! n9? c5tury1   
,k+ ,alfr$ lam5t$ t !re 0 at t "t n a   
prie/ 9 8 dom9ions :o und]/ood ,lat92 & 
ev5 = "s c5turies aft] ! bi%ops &       
prelates ( ! :ole ,*ri/ian community 7  
m>ksm51 i4 e41 !y suppli$ by ! sign ( ! 
cross ! inability to write _! own names4
 ,if ! bi%ops & prie/s 7 s supremely    
ignorant :at c be said 9 ref]5ce to !   
lit]>y atta9m5ts ( ! laity8  ,!         
,*ri/ians 7 alt]nately p]secut$ &       
tol]at$ by ! ,roman ,emp]ors until !    
fir/ qu>t] ( ! f\r? c5tury1 :5 c]ta9    
ev5ts occurr$ ?r\gh :i* ! ,*ur* ( ,rome 
became ! recipi5t ( ,imp]ial ,patronage4
 ,con/ant9e ,i41 call$ ! ,great1 hav+   
made himself sole ,emp]or by de/roy+ all
 o!r claimants to ! ?rone1 appli$ to    

,sopat]1 "o ( ! prie/s ( ! e/abli%$     
religion1 = absolution1 & 0 in=m$ t 8   
crimes 7 ( su* an atroci\s "* t !re 0 no
 absolution = him4 ,believ+ t !         
,phlege?on1 or lake ( fire & brim/one1  
await$ him 9 ! future life1 unless he   
c\ld obta9 absolution1 he became v mu*  
di/ress$ :5 "o ( 8 c\rti]s1 le>n+ !     
cause & ref]r+ him to ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1  
he at once appli$ to h] ,bi%op1         
,silve/]1 :o1 readily grant+ ! desir$   
absolution1 he add$ ano!r victim to 8   
but*] bill by ord]+ ! dea? ( ! hone/    
prie/ :o _h refus$ to grant him         
absolution4 ,! ,*ri/ian sect hav+ become
 a p[]ful & dang]\s faction1 ,con/ant9e 
conceiv$ ! idea ( /r5g!n+ 8 usurp$ &    
prec>i\s position by atta*+ x to 8      
int]e/1 & to t end he pr(ess$ himself a 
conv]t to its t5ets1 &1 tak+ ! ,*ur* (  
,rome "u 8 especial patronage1 elevat$  
h] ,bi%op to ! rank ( a pr9ce ( !       
,empire & gave him "o ( 8 palaces = a   
resid5ce4  ,! ,*ri/ian hi]>*y1 kn[+ t x 
w\ld be a pot5t means ( confirm+ ! fai? 

( ! laity 9 ! ,gospel /ory z a lit]al   
hi/ory to h a tomb ( ! ,savi\r to :i*   
pilgrimages c\ld be made1 & appeal+ to  
,con/ant9e to provide "o1 he s5t 8 "m1  
,hel5a1 to ,judea to f9d ! place &1 (   
c\rse1 discov]+ :at %e w5t to look =1 he
 _h erect$1 "u h] sup]vision1 ov] !     
designat$ spot1 t spl5did edifice :i*1  
kn[n z ! *ur* ( ! ,holy ,sepul*re1      
rema9s to ?is day4 ,hel5a1 good at f9d+ 
lo/ ?+s1 also claim$ to h discov]$ !    
v]itable cross ^u :i* ! ,savi\r _h be5  
crucifi$2 & h] son1 wor?y ( su* a "m1   
claim$1 z record$ by ,eusebius1 t he _h 
se5 ) 8 own eyes ! trophy ( a cross (   
light 9 ! heav5s1 above ! sun1 be>+ !   
inscription3 ,9 ,hoc ,signo ,v9ces1     
signify+ ,"u ?is sign1 conqu]4 ,^? 7    
times ( rem>kable & sup]natural         
occurr5ces4  ,at ! "t ,con/ant9e became 
! patron ( ,*ri/ianity ! bi%ops &       
presbyt]s ( ! sev]al *ur*es1 seem+ly    
ignorant ( ! tea*+s ( ! ,esot]ic        
philosophy relative to ! orig9 ( !      
,tr9ity1 7 divid$ into two factions 9   

discuss+ ! relation betwe5 ! ,fa!r & !  
,son4 ,"o p>ty1 head$ by ,a?anasius1 a  
presbyt] ( ,alex&ria1 & aft]w>ds bi%op (
 t see1 advocat$ ! anci5t belief t !    
?ree p]sons 9 ! godhead ( ,fa!r1 ,son & 
,holy ,gho/ is b "o ,god1 t ,*ri/ is    
consub/antial or co-et]nal ) ! ,fa!r1 & 
t he became man to p]=m 8 mission (     
r$emption4 ,su*1 9 brief1 is :at is kn[n
 z ! ,a?anasian or ,tr9it>ian ,cre$4 ,! 
o!r p>ty1 head$1 by ,arius1 ano!r       
presbyt] ( ,alex&ria1 advocat$ ! belief 
9 "o ,god alone & t ,*ri/1 hav+ no      
exi/5ce until begott5 ( ! ,fa!r1 is n   
consub/antial or co-et]nal ) him4 ,su*1 
9 sub/ance1 con/itutes :at is kn[n to ! 
,tr9it>ian or ,or?odox ,*ri/ians z !    
,arian or ,unit>ian h]esy4 ,c\ld /rong] 
evid5ce be adduc$ t ?is controv]sy 0 !  
result ( ignorantly mak+ a di/9ction :]e
 !re is no diff]5ce1 = :e!r ,tr9it>ian  
or ,unit>ian ! my?ical g5ius ( ! sun is 
! ,god to :om !y all paid supreme       
adoration1 al?\gh ! ,*ri/ians ( to-day  
w\ld d5y x mo/ emphatically4  ,!        

faction1 advocat+ ! ,tr9it>ian cre$ hav+
 conv]t$ ! ,emp]or to _! belief1 &      
influ5c+ him to en=ce x z a fundam5tal  
doctr9e ( ! ,*ri/ian !ology1 he1 9 ! ye>
 #cbe1 summon$1 at 8 own exp5se1 a g5]al
 c\ncil ( bi%ops & prie/s to meet at    
,nice1 9 ,bi?ynia1 a prov9ce ( ,asia    
,m9or4 ,:5 !y _h assembl$ he appe>$     
among !m1 clad 9 gorge\s attire1 ) a    
jewel-/udd$ diadem ^u 8 royal br[1 &1   
seat$ ^u a gild$ *air1 presid$ ov] _!   
delib]ations4 ,a m9ority ( !m1 hold+ mo/
 contumaci\sly to ! ,arian h]esy1 &     
refus+ to *ange _! views at ! bidd+ ( ! 
,emp]or1 he bani%$ !m f _! respective   
bi%oprics1 :ile ! majority adopt$ !     
,tr9it>ian cre$1 & appeal+ to ,con/ant9e
 to suppress ! writ+s ( ,arius he issu$ 
an edict = t purpose1 :i* we pres5t z   
foll[s3 ,moreov] we ?\ght t if !re c be 
f\nd extant any "w or book compil$ by   
,arius ! same %\ld be burn$ to a%es1 s t
 n only 8 damnable doctr9e may !reby be 
:olly root$ out1 b also t no relic !re( 
may rema9 unto po/]ity4 ,?is we also    

/raightway comm& & *>ge1 t if any man be
 f\nd to hide or conceal any book made  
by ,arius1 & n imm$iately br+ =? su*    
book1 & deliv] x up to be burn$1 t !    
said (f5d] = s do+ %all die ! dea?4 ,= z
 soon z he is tak5 our pleasure is t 8  
head %all be /rick5 (f f 8 %\ld]s4 ,r a 
blood-?ir/y1 edict to be issu$ by !     
puissant1 ! mighty & noble ,emp]or1 & a 
v inconsi/5t "o1 consid]+ t he soon     
aft]w>ds readopt$ ! ,unit>ian fai? &    
re/or$ ! bani%$ bi%ops to _! respective 
sees2 b1 reg>dless ( 8 action1 ! ,*ur* (
 ,rome su/a9$ ! ,tr9it>ian cre$ & en=c$ 
! dogma ( ! supreme div9ity ( ,*ri/4    
,?us we see t ! hi/ory ( ,*ri/ianity1 9 
! fir/ half ( ! f\r? c5tury1 _c be      
writt5 )\t incorporat+ consid]able f !  
life ( ,con/ant9e1 ^: ensangu9$ record  
be=e 8 pret5d$ conv]sion m>ks him z !   
mo/ brutal tyrant t ev] disgrac$ !      
imp]ial purple2 b ! appall+ crimes he   
p]petrat$ aft]w>ds1 among :i* 7 ! scald+
 8 in(f5d+ wife to dea? 9 a ba? ( boil+ 
wat]1 & ! murd]+1 )\t cause1 ( six      

memb]s ( 8 family1 "o ( :i* 0 8 own son1
 ju/ify :at a le>n$ writ] said ( him1 t 
,! mo/ un=tunate ev5t t ev] befell !    
human race 0 ! adoption ( ,*ri/ianity by
 ! crimson-h&$ cut-?roat 9 ! possession 
( unlimit$ p[]1 & yet ,con/ant9e 0      
canoniz$ by ! ,ea/]n *ur*4  ,dur+ ! fir/
 ?ree c5turies1 :5 ,*ri/ianity 0 b a    
weak sect1 h] bi%ops address$ num]\s    
apologies to ! ,roman ,emp]ors1 9 :i* !y
 claim$ tol]ance f ! gov]nm5t on ! gr\nd
 t _! =m ( wor%ip 0 virtually ! same z !
 e/abli%$ religion4 ,b aft] ,con/ant9e's
 pret5d$ conv]sion its hi]>*y began to  
labor = ! recognition ( ,*ri/ianity z ! 
/ate religion1 & to give to _! dem& "s  
%[ ( consi/5cy !y insi/$ t _! scriptures
 7 really hi/orical1 & t !re 0 no       
resemblance :atev] betwe5 ! two =ms (   
wor%ip2 :ile !irs 0 ( ,div9e au!nticity 
! ,pagans 0 purely a human in/itution4  
,= c5turies aft] ! convocation ( !      
c\ncil ( ,nice ! peace & h>mony ( !     
sev]al *ur*es 7 di/urb$ by ! rancor\s   
discussion ( ! same old que/ions (      

,tr9t>ianism & ,unit>ianism1 ! ,we/]n   
*ur* adh]+ to ! =m] :ile a majority ( ! 
,ea/]n congregations ma9ta9$ _! fai? 9 !
 latt]2 b ultimately ! ,tr9it>ian p>ty1 
ga9+ ! asc5d5cy1 & p]secut+ ! adh]5ts ( 
! ,unit>ian fai?1 ! great] "p ( !m      
retir$ into nor!rn ,arabia :]e !y f\nd$ 
num]\s mona/]ies2 & f hi/ory we le>n t1 
hav+ impress$ _! ,unit>ian fai? ^u !    
populace ( t c\ntry1 x 0 ultimately     
incorporat$ into ! ,koran1 ! sacr$ book 
( ,mohamm$anism2 &1 :ile becom+ vot>ies 
( t =m ( wor%ip1 /ill reta9$ ! belief t 
,*ri/ 0 b "o ( ! prophets4  ,! cultur$  
adh]5ts to ! e/abli%$ =m ( wor%ip1      
becom+ al>m$ at ! gr[+ p[] & influ5ce ( 
! ,*ri/ians & at ! prospect ( su* an    
ignorant & vici\s rabble obta9+ control 
( ! gov]nm5t1 reg>dless ( _! pl$ge to   
keep ! ,gnosis secret1 publicly ann\nc$ 
t ! ,gods 7 my?ical & ! scriptures      
allegorical1 & engag$ 9 a heat$         
controv]sy ) ! ,*ri/ians ^u ! subjects4 
,! "* ( _! discussions is well1 al?\gh  
supposititi\sly1 express$ by ,g]ald     

,massey1 9 8 "w entitl$1 ,! ,hi/orical  
,jesus & ! ,my?ical ,*ri/2 page #agi1   
,am]ican edition1 :]e he makes !        
,gno/ics say to ! ,*ri/ians1 ,y poor    
ignorant idiots2 y h mi/ak5 ! my/]ies ( 
old = mod]n hi/ory1 & accept$ lit]ally  
all t 0 only meant my/ically4 ,to :i* ! 
,*ri/ians respond$1 ,y spawn ( ,satan1 y
 are mak+ ! my/]y by conv]t+ our        
accompli%$ facts into y\r mis]able      
fables2 y are dissipat+ & disp]s+ into  
?9 air our only bit ( solid foo?old 9 ! 
_w1 /a9$ ) ! r$ drops ( ,calv>y4 ,y are 
giv+ a satanic int]pretation ( ! ^w (   
revelation & falsify+ ! oracles ( ,god4 
,y are conv]t+ ! solid facts ( our      
hi/ory into y\r newfangl$ allegories2 to
 :i* ! ,gno/ics repli$1 ,nay1 x is y :o 
h tak5 ! allegories ( ,my?ology =       
hi/orical facts4  ,b x 0 impossible to  
/em ! ris+ tide2 ! lessons :i* !        
prie/hood _h taught ! ignorant masses _h
 be5 too well le>n$4 ,!y 7 sure t _!    
scriptures 7 hi/orical2 t ,jesus ,*ri/ 0
 truly ! inc>nate savi\r :o _h di$ &    

rose aga9 = ! salvation ( ! elect1 & t  
be+ ! elect x w\ld be pre-em95tly j &   
prop] t ! old ,pagan =m ( wor%ip %\ld be
 abrogat$ & !irs recogniz$ z ! /ate     
religion4 ,?us ! conflict rag$ until !  
ye> #cha1 :51 "u ! reign ( ! ,emp]or    
,!odosius ! ,great1 ?is dem& hav+ be5   
=mally made1 & ! ,s5ate1 fe>+ ! tumult a
 refusal w\ld excite1 ) a %[ ( fair     
deal+ ord]$ ! pres5tation1 be=e t body1 
( ! respective m]its ( ! two =ms (      
wor%ip4 ,9 t memorable discussion1 :i*  
la/$ a :ole week1 ,symma*us1 a s5ator1  
advocat$ ! old sy/em1 & ,ambrose1 ,bi%op
 ( ,milan1 ! new1 :i* result+1 z a      
=egone conclusion1 9 ! triumph (        
,*ri/ianity1 a decree to t effect 0     
promulgat$4  ,!n ! long def]r$          
opportunity hav+ arriv$1 ! v5geful      
bi%ops1 h\nd+ on a no less v5geful      
laity1 ru?lessly murd]$ ! prie/s ( ! old
 religion1 &1 appropriat+ its emolum5ts 
to _! own use1 !y seiz$ ^u its temples1 
& demoli%+ "s1 conv]t$ o!rs into *ur*es4
 ,) iconocla/ic h&s !y de/roy$ "s ( !   

/atues repres5t+ ! anci5t div9ities1 or 
aft] mutilation expos$ o!rs 9 public    
places to ! d]ision ( ! populace4       
,subject+ ! adh]5ts to ! old] =m (      
wor%ip1 :om !y designat$ z infidels1 to 
! mo/ diabolical indignities &          
p]secutions1 !y de/roy$ _! works ( art1 
burn$ _! libr>ies1 suppress$ _! s*ools (
 le>n+1 & ei!r kill$ or exil$ _!        
pr(essors4 ,among ! atroci\s acts       
p]petrat$ by ^! fi5ds 9 human %ape none 
0 m b>b>\s ?an ! "o committ$ 9          
,alex&ria1 9 ! ye> #dae1 :5 ,hypatia1 ! 
beautiful & accompli%$ daught] ( ,!on1  
:o _h succe$$ h] fa!r z pr(essor (      
ma!matics & philosophy 9 ! ,alex&rian   
,univ]sity1 :ile on h] way to deliv] a  
lecture1 01 by ord] ( ,bi%op ,cyril1    
dragg$ f h] *>iot & murd]$ 9 a mo/      
revolt+ mann]4  ,"o ( ! successors (    
,!odosius ju/ifi$ himself 9 decree+ !   
spoliation ( ! old religion ^u ! gr\nds 
t ,x 0 unbecom+ a ,*ri/ian gov]nm5t to  
supply ! infidels ) ! means ( p]sev]+ 9 
_! errors4 ,ano!r "o ( ! ,emp]ors1 m    

zeal\s ?an 8 pr$ecessors1 decre$ ! dea? 
p5alty aga9/ all p]sons discov]$        
practic+ any ( ! rites & c]emonies ( !  
old religion4 ,?us ! onslaught (        
,*ri/ian savag]y oblit]at$ !            
civilization ( ,greece & ,rome1 &       
inaugurat$ t long reign ( intellectual  
night kn[n z ! ,d>k ,ages1 :i*1         
mat]ially aid+ 9 effect+ ! decl9e & fall
 ( ! ,roman ,empire1 made x possible to 
erect ^u its ru9s t ,italian ,olig>*y1  
:i*1 s9ce !n1 has rul$ ! great] "p (    
,*ri/5dom4  ,! dogmatic elem5t ( !      
anci5t a/rolatry1 z incorporat$ into !  
,*ri/ian cre$1 und]w5t no mat]ial *ange 
until ! inauguration ( ! d>k ages1 :5 ! 
bi%ops ( ! sev]al *ur*es1 9 ! delirium (
 metaphysical speculation1 concoct$ !   
previ\sly unhe>d ( doctr9e ( pre-exi/5ce
 ( _s1 9 con=mity to :i* ,god 0 decl>$  
to be purely a spiritual deity1 :o1     
exi/+ be=e matt]1 creat$ ! univ]se (    
no?+4 ,be+ ! sole cu/odians ( !         
scriptures2 & *ang+ ! six p]iods ( a    
?\s& ye>s ea* to ! six days ( creation1 

!y alt]$ ,g54 i1 #a1 to read1 ,9 !      
beg9n+ ,god creat$ ! heav5 & ! e>?1 :i* 
9 ! orig9al read3 ,9 ! beg9n+1 :5 !     
,gods 7,elohim or ,alehim7 _h made 7%ap$
 or =m$7 ?is heav5 & ?is e>?4 ,^!       
radical *anges necessitat+ o!rs1 !y made
 two di/9ct & indep5d5t be+s ( !        
pr9ciples ( ,good & ,evil p]sonifi$ 9 ! 
,god ,sol2 ! =m] !y embodi$ 9 ,jesus !  
,*ri/ & ! latt] 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,devil1 ?us
 supplant+ old ,pluto2 ! presid+ g5ius (
 ! "u _w4  ,reject+ ! anci5t doctr9es   
relative to ! s\l1 & tea*+ t1 hav+      
proce$$ f a purely spiritual deity1 x   
w\ld exi/ et]nally z an indep5d5t       
spiritual entity1 !y sub/itut$ = !      
anci5t sy/em ( limit$ rew>ds & puni%m5ts
 ! "o inculcat+ _! endless duration4 ,^!
 *anges 9 ! cre$1 :i* 7 confirm$ at !   
g5]al c\ncil ( ,con/ant9ople1 9 ! ye>   
#eec1 necessitat+ fur!r alt]ations ( !  
scriptures1 ! righte\s 7 promis$ et]nal 
life 9 ! ,p>adise ( ,god beyond ! />s2  
&1 ,:ile consign+ great s9n]s to ev]la/+
 puni%m5t 9 ! ,t>t>ian fires ( ! "u _w1 

! less v5ial 7 to expiate _! crimes 9 ! 
same old ,purgatory4 ,?us1 hav+ inv5t$  
an endless heav5 & an endless hell =    
purely spiritual s\ls1 & neglect+ to    
expunge ! doctr9es ( ! resurrection ( ! 
body1 ! sett+ up ( ! k+dom ( heav5 ^u a 
reorganiz$ e>? & o!r mat]iali/ic tea*+s 
( ! anci5t religion1 !y made ( ! cre$ & 
scriptures su* a conglom]ation ( ?+s new
 & old t1 )\t ! ,a/rological key1 x w\ld
 be impossible to det]m9e :at !y        
orig9ally taught4  ,at ! ,re=mation 9 ! 
#af? c5tury ,lu!r & 8 coadjutors1 :ile  
project+ into ! ,prote/ant cre$ all !   
c>d9al t5ets ( ,ca?olicism1 except+ t ( 
,purgatory1 made no *ange 9 ! v]biage ( 
! scriptures4 ,?us reta9+ ! awful       
doctr9e ( endless hell1 ! re=m]s        
con/ruct$ a cre$ :i* !y int5d$ = !      
gov]nm5t ( ,prote/ants = all "t2 b1 do+ 
:at _h nev] be5 done be=e 9 ! hi/ory ( !
 _w1 !y gave ! scriptures to ! laity1 &1
 :e!r or n !y secur$ ! "r ( private     
judgm5t or individual int]pretation1 x  
has be5 tak5 all ! same2 & ?us op5+ !   

door to inve/igation1 x mu/ ultimately  
result n only 9 ! abrogation ( hell1 b 9
 ! relegation to ! limbo ( oblivion ( ! 
:ole dogmatic elem5t ( religion4  ,z a  
fitt+ conclusion to ?is article1 we aga9
 direct ! att5tion ( our read]s to !    
subject ( ! prim>y s\rce ( religi\s     
dogmas4 ,prior to ! e/abli%m5t (        
,*ri/ianity z ! /ate religion ( ! ,roman
 ,empire1 ! philosoph]s :o wrote aga9/ x
 inv>iably made ! *>ge t its !ology 0   
d]iv$ f ! anci5t ,paganism4 ,aft] its   
e/abli%m5t z ! /ate religion ( !        
,empire1 ! hi]>*y ( ! *ur*1 kn[+ t ?is  
*>ge 0 unansw]able1 in/igat$ ! ,emp]or  
,!odosius ,i4 to promulgate an edict    
decree+ ! de/ruction ( all books        
antagoni/ic to ,*ri/ianity4 ,?is edict1 
direct$ m p>ticul>ly aga9/ ! writ+s (   
,celsus1 0 c>ri$ out s effectually t we 
"k no?+ ( :at he wrote1 only z quot$ by 
,orig51 ! di/+ui%$ *ur* fa!r ( ! ?ird   
c5tury1 :o attempt$ to answ] 9 eight    
books :at ,celsus _h writt5 9 "o1       
entitl$ ,! ,true ,disc\rse4 ,9 "o ( 8   

quotations f ,celsus' "w he makes t     
philosoph] say t ! ,*ri/ian religion    
conta9s no?+ b :at ,*ri/ians held 9     
common ) hea!ns1 no?+ t 0 new or truly  
great4 ,see ,bellamy's translation1     
*apt] #d4 ,dur+ ! e>li] c5turies !      
,*ri/ians 7 divid$ into num]\s sects1   
ent]ta9+ v div]g5t views1 & ea* faction1
 hold+ all o!rs to be h]etical1 *>g$ !m 
) hav+ d]iv$ _! doctr9es f ! ,pagan     
religion4 ,^u ?is subject we f9d t      
,epiphanius1 a celebrat$ *ur* fa!r ( !  
#d? c5tury1 freely admits t all t diff]$
 f 8 own 7 d]iv$ f ! hea!n my?ology4    
,su* 0 ! position ( all or?odox writ]s  
dur+ ! ,middle ,ages1 & s9ce !          
,re=mation ! ,prote/ant cl]gy h uni=mly 
made ! same *>ge aga9/ ! ,ca?olic2 a few
 quotations f _! writ+s we pres5t = !   
edification ( our read]s4  ,jean        
,daille1 a ,fr5* ,prote/ant m9i/] ( !   
#ag? c5tury1 9 8 treatise entitl$ ,la   
,religion ,ca?olique ,roma9e ,in/itute  
p> ,nama ,pompile1 demon/rates t !      
,papi/s took _! idolatr\s wor%ip (      

images1 z well z all _! c]emonies1 f !  
old hea!n religion4 ,bi%op ,/ill+fleet (
 ! ,engli% *ur* & a writ] ( consid]able 
em95ce 9 ! #ag? c5tury1 said1 9 ref]5ce 
to ! complaisant _s ( ! e>ly *ur* t[>ds 
! ,pagans1 t x 0 att5d$ by v bad        
consequ5ces1 s9ce ,*ri/ianity became at 
la/1 by t means1 no?+ else b re=m$      
,paganism1 z to its div9e wor%ip4 ,see  
,/ill+fleet's def5se ( ! *>ge ( idolatry
 aga9/ ! ,romani/s1 vol4 #e1 page #dei4 
,m4 ,turr5t91 ( ,g5eva1 ,switz]l&1 a    
le>n$ ,prote/ant writ] ( ! #ag? c5tury1 
9 "o ( 8 orations describ+ ! /ate (     
,*ri/ianity 9 ! #d? c5tury1 says t x 0 n
 s mu* ! ,empire t 0 br\ght ov] to !    
fai?1 z ! fai? t 0 br\ght ov] to !      
,empire2 n ! ,pagans :o 7 conv]t$ to    
,*ri/ianity1 b ! ,*ri/ians :o 7 conv]t$ 
to ,paganism4 ,?us1 hav+ %[n t !        
,ca?olics d]iv$ all _! c>d9al t5ets f ! 
,pagan my?ology1 ! ,prote/ants mu/      
surely h obta9$ !irs f ! ,ca?olics1 = !y
 tea* all ( !m except t ( ,purgatory4   
,,freemasonry ,,& ,,druidism4  ,! rites 

& c]emonies ( ,a/ral wor%ip1 "u ! "n (  
,druidism1 7 prim>ily obs]v$ 9          
consecrat$ groves by all peoples2 :i*   
cu/om 0 reta9$ by ! ,sc&9avian &        
,g]manic races1 & by ! inhabitants (    
,gaul & ! ,briti% ,isl&s2 :ile ! ,ea/   
,indians1 ,assyrians1 ,egyptians1       
,grecians1 ,romans1 & o!r adjac5t       
nations1 ultimately obs]v$ _! religi\s  
s]vices 9 temples2 & we propose to %[ t 
! mod]n societies ( ,freemasonry1 &     
anci5t ord] ( ,druids1 are b            
p]petuations ( ! grove & temple =ms ( ! 
anci5t a/rolatry4 ,9 det]m9+ ! fact t   
,freemasonry f9ds its prototype 9 !     
temple wor%ip ( anci5t ,egypt1 we h b to
 /udy ! ,masonic arms1 z illu/rat$ 9    
,fell[s' *>t1 9 :i* are pictur$1 z its  
objects ( adoration1 ! sun & moon1 !    
sev5 />s1 kn[n z ,pleiades 9 ! sign (   
,taurus2 ! blaz+ /> ,sirius1 or ,dog-/>1
 wor%ipp$ by ! ,egyptians "u ! "n (     
,anubis1 & ^: ris+ =ew>n$ ^? p ( ! ris+ 
( ! ,nile ,riv]2 ! sev5 signs ( !       
,zodiac f ,aries to ,libra1 inclusive1  

?r\gh :i* ! sun 0 suppos$ to pass 9 mak+
 8 app>5t annual revolution1 & :i*      
con/itutes ! ,royal ar* f :i* 0 d]iv$ ! 
"n ( "o ( its high] degrees2 & its      
armorial be>+s1 consi/+ ( pictures ( !  
,lion1 ! ,bull1 ! ,wat]man1 & ! ,fly+   
,eagle1 :i* repres5t+ ! signs at !      
c>d9al po9ts1 con/itut$ ! g5ii ( !      
seasons4 ,besides ^!1 we h ! *eck]$     
floor+ or mosaic "w1 repres5t+ ! e>? &  
its v>iegat$ face1 :i* 0 introduc$ :5   
temple wor%ip succe$$ its grove =m2 !   
two columns repres5t+ ! imag9>y pill>s (
 heav5 re/+ ^u ! e>? at ,equ9octial     
po9ts1 & support+ ! ,royal ar*2 also !  
lett] ,g /&+ = ,geometry1 ! k ( :i* 0 ( 
great importance to ! natives ( ,egypt 9
 e/abli%+ ! b\nd>ies ( _! l&s remov$ by 
! inundations ( ! ,nile1 ! squ>e &      
compass1 be+ ! in/rum5ts ?r\gh :i* ! old
 l&m>ks 7 re/or$1 & :i* ultimately      
became ! symbols ( ju/ice4 ,!           
cornucopia1 or horn ( pl5ty1 d5ot$ ! sun
 9 ! sign ( ,capricorn1 & indicat$ !    
season :5 ! h>ve/ 0 ga!r$ & provisions  

laid up = ,w9t] use2 ! c5otaph or mock  
c(f9 ) ! sign ( ! cross ^u its lid1     
ref]r$ to ! sun's cross+ ( ! cele/ial   
equator at ! ,autumnal ,equ9ox1 & to !  
figurative dea? ( ! g5ius ( t lum9>y 9 !
 l[] hemisph]e2 ^: resurrection at !    
,v]nal ,equ9ox is typifi$ by ! sprig (  
acacia spr\t+ ne> ! head ( ! c(f94 ,!   
s]p5t1 issu+ f ! small vessel to ! left1
 repres5t$ ! symbol ( ! ,"l ( ,evil "u  
^: dom9ion 0 plac$ ! seasons ( ,autumn &
 ,w9t]2 & ! figure ( a box at ! "r h&1  
repres5t$ ! sacr$ ark 9 :i*1 anci5tly1 !
 symbols ( sol> wor%ip 7 deposit$2 b :i*
 is n[ us$ by ! masons z a receptacle = 
_! pap]s4  ,see plate#i4;gif  ,aft]1 !  
promulgation1 9 ! fif? c5tury1 ( ! edict
 by "o ( ! ,emp]ors ( ,rome1 decree+ !  
dea? p5alty aga9/ all p]sons discov]$   
practic+ any ( ! rites & c]emonies ( !  
anci5t religion1 a body ( its cultur$   
adh]5ts1 det]m9+ to obs]ve !m secretly1 
b&$ !mselves toge!r into a society = t  
purpose4 ,) ! view to mask+ _! real     
object1 !y took advantage ( ! fact t !  

squ>e & compass1 ! plumbl9e1 etc41 7    
symbols ( speculative masonry 9 ! temple
 =m ( ,a/ral wor%ip1 !y publicly claim$ 
to be only a trades-union = !           
prosecution ( ! arts ( ar*itecture &    
op]ative masonry2 b1 among !mselves1 7  
kn[n z ,free & ,accept$ ,masons or      
,freemasons4 ,9 imitation ( ! anci5t    
my/]ies !y in/itut$ l[] & high] degrees2
 9 ! =m] !y taught ! ,exot]ic cre$1 & 9 
! latt] ! ,esot]ic philosophy1 z expla9$
 9 our introduction4 ,inculcat+ supreme 
adoration to ! sol> div9ity ! c&idates =
 initiation 7 made to p]sonate t my?ical
 be+ & subject$ to ! c]emonies repres5t+
 8 figurative dea? & resurrection1 7    
requir$ to take fe>ful oa?s n to reveal 
! secrets ( ! ord]4 ,to enable !m to    
recognize ea* o!r1 & to r5d] aid to a   
bro!r 9 em]g5cies1 !y adopt$ a sy/em (  
grips1 signs & calls2 & to gu>d aga9/ ! 
intrusion ( _! ,*ri/ian enemies !y      
/ation$ wat*m5 outside ( _! lodges to   
give timely w>n+ ( _! approa*4 ,?us 0   
in/itut$ ! orig9al ,gr& ,lodge (        

,freemasonry1 f :i* *>t]s 7 issu$ = !   
organization ( subord9ate lodges 9 all !
 pr9cipal cities ?r\gh\t ! ,roman       
,empire4  ,becom+ cognizant ( ! true    
object ( ,freemasonry1 ! ,hi]>*y ( !    
,*ur* ( ,rome resolv$ to suppress !     
ord]1 & to t end ma9ta9$ su* a /rict    
espionage ^u its memb]s t1 no long] able
 to assemble 9 _! lodges1 !y det]m9$ to 
def5d !mselves by an appeal to arms1 &  
ga!r+ toge!r 9 /rongholds1 = a long "t  
successfully resi/$ ! armies ( ! *ur*2 b
 ultimately1 be+ almo/ ext]m9at$1 !     
residue disb&$1 & we he> no m (         
,freemasonry1 z a secret ord]1 until !  
conclusion ( ! ,d>k ,ages1 :5 !         
,re=mation1 mak+ x possible1 a =m ( !   
ord]1 recogniz+ ,*ri/ianity1 0 reviv$   
among ! ,prote/ants2 b ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 
true to h] traditions1 has nev] ceas$ to
 hurl ana!mas aga9/ x & all o!r secret  
societies outside ( h] own body4 ,?us1  
hav+ made x app>5t t ,freemasonry1 z    
prim>ily in/itut$1 0 b a p]petuation ( !
 temple =m ( ,a/ral wor%ip1 we c readily

 see t1 :ile "s ( its symbols are z old 
z ! anci5t ,egyptian religion1 x did n1 
z a secret ord]1 take its rise until    
,*ri/ian p]secution made x necess>y4    
,h5ce x _c ju/ly lay claim to a great]  
antiquity ?an ! fif? c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian
 era4  ,accord+ to ,masonic annals a    
,gr& ,lodge 0 organiz$ at ,york1 ,engl&1
 e>ly 9 ! t5? c5tury1 b1 l ! lodges (   
,s\!rn ,europe1 0 suppress$ by ! ,*ur* (
 ,rome4 ,9 #agag a ,gr& ,lodge 0        
organiz$ at ,london1 ,engl&1 & soon     
aft]w>ds ! old ,gr& ,lodge at ,york 0   
reviv$1 & its memb]s took ! "n ( ,free &
 ,accept$ ,anci5t ,york ,masons1 f :i*  
emanat$ ! *>t] ( ! ,gr& ,lodge 9 !      
,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* 0 organiz$ 9 ,bo/on 9
 #agcc4 ,9 #ahac ! rivalry betwe5 ! ,gr&
 ,lodges ( ,york & ,london 0 compromis$1
 & ! supremacy ( ! =m] 0 conc$$4  ,f    
*ur* hi/ory we le>n t 9 ! ye> #eif ( our
 era ,pope ,gregory ,i4 dispat*$        
,augu/91 & =ty o!r monks ( ! ord] ( ,/4 
,&rew1 f ,rome to ,brita91 to conv]t !  
natives to ,*ri/ianity2 b1 :ile !       

,anglo-,saxons embrac$ ! new fai?1 !    
,britons reject$ x1 &1 be+ p]secut$ by !
 ,*ri/ians1 retir$ to ! fa/nesses ( !   
c\ntry kn[n z ,wales1 :]e1 = a long     
p]iod1 !y ma9ta9$ ! obs]vance ( !       
,druidical =m ( wor%ip2 & al?\gh t      
c\ntry has long s9ce become ,*ri/ianiz$1
 ! society ( ! ,anci5t ,ord] ( ,druids  
has exi/$ ) an un9t]rupt$ succession at 
,p\t-y-prid1 :]e ! ,ar*-,druid resides1 
& f1 :5ce emanat$ ! *>t] ( ! ,gr& ,lodge
 ( ! ord] 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 ref]5ce to ! 
,druidism on ! cont95t1 hi/ory records !
 fact t :5 "o ( ! reign+ k+s became a   
conv]t to ,*ri/ianity ! :ole ( 8        
subjects 7 baptiz$ into ! ,*ur* ( ,rome 
by ,imp]ial decree4    ,,! ,,sabba?4  ,9
 det]m9+ ! orig9 ( ! sev5? day ,sabba?1 
we mu/ ( necessity ref] to t s\rce ( all
 religi\s ord9ances1 ! anci5t a/rolatry1
 ! f\nd]s ( :i*1 hav+ taught t ,god ,sol
 0 engag$ 9 ! reorganization ( ,*aos    
dur+ ! fir/ six p]iods ( ! twelve ?\s&  
ye> cycle1 correspond+ to ! mon?s (     
,spr+ & ,summ]1 !y conceiv$ ! idea t he 

ceas$ to ex]t 8 en]gies1 or re/$ f 8    
labors on ! sev5? p]iod1 correspond+ to 
! fir/ ( ! ,autumn mon?s4 ,h5ce1 d]iv+ !
 sugge/ion f ! app>5t sept5>y re/ 9     
nature1 !y taught t ,god orda9$ ! sev5? 
day ( ! week z ! ,sabba? or re/ day =   
man4  ,9 con=mity to ?is ord9ance !     
f\nd]s ( anci5t ,judaism en=c$ !        
obs]vance ( ! sev5? day ,sabba? 9 ! f\r?
 comm&m5t ( ! ,decalogue1 :i*1 f\nd 9   
,g54 xx4 #h-aa1a reads z foll[s1 viz3   
,rememb] ! ,sabba? day to keep x holy4  
,six days %alt ?\ labor & d all ?y "w2 b
 ! sev5? day is ! ,sabba? ( ! ,"l ?y    
,god2 9 x ?\ %alt n d any "w1 ?\1 nor ?y
 son1 nor ?y daught]1 ?y man s]vant1 nor
 ?y maid s]vant1 nor ?y cattle1 nor ?y  
/rang] t is )9 ?y gates2 = 9 six days ! 
,"l made heav5 & e>?1 ! sea & all t 9 !m
 is1 & re/$ ! sev5? day2 :]e=e ! ,"l    
bless$ ! ,sabba? day & hall[$ x4 ,?us 0 
! sev5? day ( ! week made ! ,sabba? ( ! 
,old ,te/am5t2 b ! au?ors ( ! ,jewi% or 
anci5t ,*ri/ianity1 look+ = ! imm$iate  
fulfillm5t ( ! prophecies relative to ! 

second judgm5t1 ignor$ its obs]vance1 z 
may be se5 by ref]5ce to ,m>k ii4 #bc1  
#bg2 ,john v4 #b-ah2 ,romans xiv4 #e2 & 
,col4 ii4 #af2 & ! f\nd]s ( mod]n       
,*ri/ianity1 p]petuat+ ! belief 9 !     
spe$y fulfillm5t ( ^? prophecies1 made  
no *ange relative to ! ,sabba? 9 _!     
v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4  ,aft]        
,con/ant9e's pret5d$ conv]sion to       
,*ri/ianity1 & ! "t = ! fulfillm5t ( !  
prophecies _h be5 put (f to ! ye>       
#ajjjj1 z previ\sly /at$1 ! hi]>*y ( !  
*ur* appeal$ to ! ,emp]or to give !m a  
,sabba?1 & al?\gh !y knew t ! sev5? day 
( ! week 0 ! ,sabba? ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 
& t ,sunday 0 ! fir/ ( ! six work+ days1
 accord+ to ! f\r? comm&m5t1 _! hatr$ to
 ! ,jews = refus+ to accept _! ,*ri/ z !
 ,savi\r induc$ !m to h x plac$ on !    
fir/ day ( ! week4 ,h5ce t oblig+       
pot5tate1 9 ! ye> #cba1 promulgat$ !    
memorable edict1 :i*1 f\nd 9 t ,dige/ ( 
,roman law kn[n z ! ,ju/9ian ,code1     
,book ,,iii41 ,title #ab1 ,sec4 #b & #c1
 reads z foll[s1 viz43 ,let all judges &

 all p ( ! t[ns re/ & all ! v>i\s trades
 be susp5d$ on ! v5]able day ( ! ,sun4  
,^? :o live 9 ! c\ntry1 h[ev]1 may      
freely & )\t fault att5d to !           
cultivation ( _! fields le/1 ) ! loss ( 
favorable opportunity1 ! commodities    
(f]$ by ,div9e ,provid5ce %all be       
de/roy$4 ,?us we see t ! prim>y movem5t 
t[>ds en=c+ ! obs]vance ( ,sunday1 or   
,"l's ,day1 z ! ,sabba?1 did n orig9ate 
9 a ,div9e comm&1 b 9 ! edict ( an e>?ly
 pot5tate4  ,?is edict 0 ratifi$ at !   
?ird c\ncil ( ,orleans1 9 ! ye> #ech2 & 
9 ord]1 t ! p might n be prev5t$ f      
att5d+ *ur*1 & say+ _! pray]s1 a        
resolution 0 adopt$ at ! same "t        
recomm5d+ ! obs]vance ( ! day by all    
classes4 ,f m]ely recomm5d+1 ! ,*ur* (  
,rome soon began to en=ce ! obs]vance ( 
! day2 b1 9 spite ( all h] ef=ts1 x 0 n 
until ! #ab? c5tury t its obs]vance _h  
become s univ]sal z to receive !        
designation ( ,! ,*ri/ian ,sabba?4      
,cognizant ( ! mann] 9 :i* ,sunday 0    
made ! ,sabba?1 ,lu!r issu$ = ! gov]nm5t

 ( ! ,prote/ant communion ! foll[+      
m&ate3 ,z = ! ,sabba?1 or ,sunday1 !re  
is no necessity = keep+ x2 see          
,mi*elet's ,life ( ,lu!r1 ,book ,,iv41  
*apt] #b4 ,lu!r also said1 z record$ 9  
,table ,talk1 ,if any:]e ! day 7,sunday7
 is made holy = ! m]e day's sake2 if    
any:]e anyone sets up its obs]vance ^u a
 ,jewi% f\ndation1 !n ,i ord] y to "w on
 x1 to dance on x1 to ride on x1 to fea/
 on x1 & to d any?+ t %all reprove ?is  
encroa*m5t on ! ,*ri/ian _s ( lib]ty4   
,melanc?on1 ,lu!r's *ief coadjutor 9 !  
"w ( ,re=mation1 d5i$1 9 ! mo/ emphatic 
language1 t ,sunday 0 made ! ,sabba? by 
,div9e orda9m5t2 & 9 ref]5ce !reto ,john
 ,milton1 9 reply to ! ,sunday          
,sabbat>ians1 makes ! p]t95t inquiry3   
,if1 on a plea ( ,div9e comm&1 y impose 
^u u ! obs]vance ( a p>ticul> day1 h[ d 
y presume1 )\t ! au?ority ( a ,div9e    
comm&1 to sub/itute ano!r 9 its place8  
,dur+ ! reign ( ,elizabe?1 ,que5 (      
,engl&1 a sect ( fanatics1 kn[n z       
,diss5t]s or ,noncon=mi/s1 bas+ _!      

action ^u ! fallaci\s argum5ts d]iv$ f !
 f\r? comm&m5t1 & ^u ! plea t ! ,savi\r 
0 rais$ f ! dead on ! fir/ day ( ! week1
 inaugurat$ :at is kn[n z ! ,puritan    
,sabba?1 :i* hav+ be5 transf]r$ to our  
%ores by ! voyag]s 9 ! ,mayfl[]1 & en=c$
 by ^? /atutory enactm5ts kn[n z ,blue  
,laws1 caus$ ! p ( ,new ,engl& to h a   
blue "t ( x :ile ! delusion la/$2 & n[ a
 l>ge body ( ,prote/ant cl]gy p]v]t+ !  
tea*+s ( scripture1 &1 ignor+ ! au?ority
 ( ! ,re=m]s1 are di/urb+ ! peace (     
society by _! ef=ts to en=ce ! code (   
sundry laws1 :i* 7 enact$ ?r\gh _!      
connivance4 ,?us h we %[n t1 orig9at+ ) 
! ,ca?olics & adopt$ by ! ,prote/ants1 !
 ,sunday ,sabba? is purely & entirely a 
human in/itution1 &1 be+ su*1 we mu/    
recognize all ,sunday laws z grave      
encroa*m5ts ^u con/itutional lib]ty2 & x
 behooves ! advocates ( individual      
rights to dem& _! imm$iate repeal2 =    
unless a vigilant wat* is kept ^u !     
conspirators :o secur$ _! enactm5t1 our 
fair l& w soon be curs$ by a union (    

*ur* & ,/ate1 ! t5d5cy 9 t direction    
hav+ be5 indicat$ by ! unprec$5t$ op9ion
 rec5tly h&$ d[n by "o ( ! ,ju/ices ( ! 
,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt t ?is is a 
,*ri/ian ,gov]nm5t4    ,,pi\s ,,frauds4 
,by claim+ to be div9ely appo9t$ = !    
propagation ( a div9ely au!nticat$      
religion1 ! prie/hood ( all =ms ( wor%ip
 h ev] labor$ to deceive & enslave !    
ignorant multitude2 & 9 support ( ^!    
fallaci\s assumptions h resort$ to all  
mann] ( pi\s frauds1 9 ref]5ce to :i* we
 quote f bo? ,pagan & ,*ri/ian s\rces ) 
! view to %[+ t ! mod]ns h fai?fully    
foll[$ ! anci5t example4 ,eurip$es1 an  
,a!nian writ]1 :o fl\ri%$ ab\t #dej ye>s
 be=e ! beg9n+ ( our era1 ma9ta9$ t1 9 !
 e>ly /ate ( society1 "s wise m5 insi/$ 
on ! necessity ( d>k5+ tru? ) falsehood 
& ( p]suad+ m5 t !re is an immortal     
deity :o he>s & sees & und]/&s our      
actions1 :atev] we may ?9k ( t matt]    
ourselves4 ,/rabo1 ! fam\s geograph] &  
hi/orian ( ,greek extraction1 :o fl\ri%$
 ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 wrote t

 ,x is n possible = a philosoph] to     
conduct by reason+ a multitude ( wom5 & 
! l[ vulg>1 & ?us to invite !m to piety1
 hol9ess & fai?2 b ! philosoph] mu/ make
 use ( sup]/ition & n omit ! inv5tion ( 
fables & ! p]=mance ( wond]s4 ,= !      
lightn+ & ! aegis & ! trid5t are b      
fables1 & s all anci5t !ology4 ,b !     
f\nd]s ( /ates adopt$ !m z bugbe>s to   
fright5 ! weak-m9d$4 ,v>ro1 a le>n$     
,roman s*ol>1 :o also fl\ri%$ ab\t !    
beg9n+ ( our era1 wrote t ,!re are _m   
tru?s :i* x is useless = ! vulg> to "k1 
& _m falsehoods :i* x is fit t ! p %\ld 
n "k are falsehoods4  ,s mu* f ,pagan   
au?orities relative to ! necessity (    
deceiv+ ! ignorant masses4 ,we w n[     
pres5t "s ,*ri/ian au?orities ^u ! same 
subject2 & fir/ f ,*ri/ himself1 :o 9   
address+ 8 disciples is made to say1 9  
,m>k iv1 #aa1 #ab1 ,unto y x is giv5 to 
"k ! my/]y ( ! k+dom ( ,god2 b unto !m t
 are )\t all ^! ?+s are done 9 p>ables1 
t see+ !y may see & n p]ceive2 & he>+ !y
 may he> & n und]/&4 ,paul1 9 8 f\rte5  

,epi/les1 inculcates & av[s ! pr9ciple (
 deceiv+ ! common p4 ,he speaks ( hav+  
be5 upbraid$ by 8 own conv]ts ) be+     
crafty & cat*+ !m ) guile & ( 8 kn[n &  
wilful lies ab\nd+ to ! glory ( ,god4   
,see ,romans iii4 #g1 & ,,ii4 ,cor4 xii4
 #af4 ,if ,*ri/ & ,paul 7 guilty (      
deception1 _! foll[]s _h good excuse = !
 same c\rse ( conduct4 ,^u ?is subject  
,beausobre1 a v le>n$ ecclesia/ical     
writ]1 :o fl\ri%$ ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! #ah?
 c5tury1 says3 ,we see 9 ! hi/ory :i* ,i
 h relat$ a sort ( hypocrisy t has be51 
p]haps1 b too common at all times2 t    
*ur*m5 n only d n say :at !y ?9k1 b !y d
 say ! direct contr>y ( :at !y ?9k4     
,philosoph]s 9 _! cab9ets2 out ( !m !y  
are cont5t ) fables1 ?\gh !y well "k t  
!y are fables4 ,hi/orie de ,mani*ee1    
vol4 #b1 page #efh4 ,bi%op ,synesius1 ! 
di/+ui%$ au?or ( religi\s lit]ature &   
,*ri/ian fa!r ( ! #e? c5tury1 said3 ,i  
%all be a philosoph] only to myself1 &  
,i %all always be a bi%op to ! p4       
,mo%eim1 ! di/+ui%$ au?or (             

,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 ,i41 page 
#abj1 says3 ,! au?ors :o h treat$ ( !   
innoc5ce & sanctity ( ! primitive       
,*ri/ians h fall5 into ! error ( suppos+
 !m to h be5 unspott$ models ( piety &  
virtue1 & a gross error inde$ x is1 z ! 
/ronge/ te/imonies too evid5tly prove4  
,! same au?or1 9 ,vol4 ,i41 page4 #aih1 
says 9 ! f\r? c5tury x 0 an almo/       
univ]sally adopt$ maxim t x 0 an act (  
virtue to deceive & lie1 :5 by su* means
 ! int]e/ ( ! *ur* might be promot$4 ,9 
8 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 ,vol4 ,,ii41  
page #aa1 he says t z reg>ds ! fif?     
c5tury1 ! simplicity & ignorance ( !    
g5]ality 9 ^? times furni%$ ! mo/       
favorable occasion = ! ex]cise ( fraud2 
& ! impud5ce ( impo/ors 9 contriv+ false
 miracles 0 artfully proportion$ to !   
cr$ulity ( ! vulg>2 :ile ! sagaci\s & ! 
wise1 :o p]ceiv$ ^! *eats1 7 ov]aw$ into
 sil5ce by ! dang]s t ?reat5$ _! lives &
 =tunes if !y %\ld expose ! artifice4   
,?omas ,burnet1 ,d4,d41 :o fl\ri%$ ab\t 
! beg9n+ ( ! #ah? c5tury1 9 8 treatise  

entitl$ ,de ,/atu ,mortuorum1 purposely 
writt5 9 ,lat9 t x might s]ve = !       
in/ruction ( ! cl]gy only1 & n come to !
 k ( ! laity1 because1 z he says1 too   
mu* light is hurtful = weak eyes1 n only
 ju/ifies1 b recomm5ds ! practice ( !   
mo/ consummate hypocrisy1 & t1 too1 on !
 mo/ awful ( all subjects2 & w\ld h 81  
cl]gy s]i\sly prea* & ma9ta9 ! reality &
 et]nity ( hell torm5ts1 ev5 ?\gh !y    
%\ld believe no?+ ( ! sort !mselves4    
,see page #cjd4 ,hugo ,grotius1 ! em95t 
writ] ( ,holl& 9 ! #ag? c5tury1 says 9 8
 #bb;d ,epi/le3 ,he t reads             
ecclesia/ical hi/ory1 reads no?+ b !    
rogu]y & folly ( bi%ops1 & *ur*m54 ,9 ! 
language ( ,rob]t ,taylor1 f :om we h   
tak5 mo/ ( ! quotations "u ?is head+1 we
 ass]t t no man c\ld quote high]        
au?orities1 to prove ! rogu]y & folly ( 
bi%ops & *ur*m54    ,,conclusion4  ,hav+
 pres5t$ ! evid5ces 9 support ( !       
app>5tly unt5able ass]tion t1 not)/&+ ! 
num]\s modes 9 :i* man has manife/$ 8   
devotional proclivities1 ! _w has       

virtually _h b ! "o religion f\nd$ 9 !  
wor%ip ( p]sonifi$ nature1 we are       
necessitat$ to recognize ! facts t !    
,*ri/ian ,scriptures l ! sacr$ records (
 o!r =ms ( nature wor%ip are1 b a       
collection ( a/ronomical allegories2 t !
 gospel /ory is truly ! old1 old /ory   
:i* _h be5 told ( a ?\s& o!r ,savi\rs   
be=e x 0 appli$ to ! ,*ri/ian ,messiah2 
t ,jesus is b "o ( ! _m names giv5 to   
imag9>y inc>nations ( ! my?ical g5ius ( 
! sun2 & t ! ,disciples & ,evangeli/s   
are b ! g5ii ( ! mon?s & ! seasons4 ,su*
 be+ ! facts1 :i* _c be successfully    
refut$1 we mu/ believe t ! ,*ri/ian     
religion1 in/ead ( be+ ( ,div9e         
au!nticity1 z popul>ly claim$1 is purely
 & entirely ( human orig91 & t all its  
tea*+s relative to a future /ate are b  
prie/ly inv5tions1 concoct$ = ! purpose 
( enslav+ ! ignorant masses4  ,:5 we ?9k
 ( ! ?\s& millions ( doll>s inve/$ 9    
*ur* prop]ties1 & e/imate ! co/ (       
ma9ta9+ m ?an a hundr$ ?\s& prie/s &    
m9i/]s1 9 support+ =eign & dome/ic      

missions & 9 publi%+ religi\s lit]ature2
 besides ! taxes appli$ to ! c>e ( !    
religi\s insane1 & realize ! fact t all 
( ?is va/ sum ( money is ab/ract$ f !   
res\rces ( ! p1 we w\ld n h to g outside
 ( our own c\ntry to appreciate ! fact t
 religion is ! burd5 ( all burd5s to    
society2 & :5 we contemplate ! great    
di/urbance to ! social relation1 result+
 f sect>ian /rife1 & ! almo/ univ]sal   
disposition ( ,*ri/ians to p]secute &   
o/racize ^? :o diff] ) !m 9 op9ion1 we c
 readily subscribe to ! s5tim5t accr$it$
 to "o ( our revolution>y sires1 t ?is  
w\ld be a good _w to live 9 if !re 0 no 
religion 9 x4  ,if ! cl]gy _h be5 labor+
 z fai?fully to impress ! obs]vance (   
e?ical pr9ciples z !y h to indoctr9ate !
 p ) ! sup]/itions ( religion1 we w\ld n
 n[ be deplor+ ! great demoralization ( 
society4 ,x is a grave arraignm5t ( !   
cl]icals to *>ge !m ) be+1 indirectly1 !
 cause ( ?is lam5table /ate ( ?+s2 b x  
is a condition t might h be5 expect$1 =1
 :5 ent]+ ! m9i/ry1 !y engag$ !mselves1 

n s mu* to tea* e?ics z to propagate    
fai? 9 ! doctr9es ( _! respective sects4
 ,?us hamp]$ !y _c d ! good to society  
_! bett] natures might desire4 ,h5ce !  
only hope = improvem5t is = ! p to :olly
 ignore ! dogmatic elem5t ( religion1 & 
refus+ to long] support x1 dem& t moral 
tra9+ %all be ! gr& ess5tial (          
education4 ,if ?is c\rse 7 adopt$ &     
p]si/5tly foll[$1 x w\ld be b a "q ( "t 
:5 mank9d w\ld come into be+ ) su* a    
b5ign h]$ity t crime w\ld be almo/      
impossible4  ,!n1 s9ce religion         
inculcates a salvation t does n save1   
let u rise sup]ior to its false tea*+s  
&1 accept+ sci5ce z ! true savi\r (     
mank9d1 f9d our :ole duty 9 ! code (    
natural morality1 ! _s ( :i* is embodi$ 
9 t compreh5sive precept kn[n z ! gold5 
rule1 :i*1 be+ ! outgr[? ( ! discov]$   
necessities ( association1 )\t :i*      
society c\ld n exi/1 x necess>ily       
con/itut$ man's sole rule & guide long  
be=e prie/ or temple2 & f\nd$ 9 ! et]nal
 pr9ciples ( "r1 tru? & ju/ice mu/ rema9

 z man's sole rule & guide :5 prie/ &   
*ur* are numb]$ among ! ?+s t 74 ,_s (  
progress6 spe$ ! day :5 all mank9d1     
r$eem$ f ! bondage ( sup]/ition1 w      
recognize ! great tru? t nature1 gov]n$ 
by h] own inh]5t =ces1 is all t has be51
 all t is & all t %all be2 & t1 ceas+ to
 indulge 9 ! va9 hope ( a blissful      
immortality 9 a p>adise beyond ! />s1 w 
make a real p>adise ( ?is old e>? (     
ours4   ----------------------------    
#a7;,editorial note3 ! orig9al text     
errone\sly attribut$ ?is quote to       
,g5esis #bj3h-aa2 actually x is f       
,exodus #bj3h-aa47