,,bir? ,,control ,a ,/atem5t ( ,*ri/ian ,doctr9e aga9/ ! ,neo-,mal?usians ,,by ,,halliday ,g4 ,,su!rl&1 ,m4,d4 7,ed947 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,ess5tial ,,fallacies ,,( ,,mal?usian ,,tea*+ ,section #a4 ,,mal?us ,,& ,,! ,,neo-,,mal?usians4 7a7 ,mal?us 7b7 ,! ,neo-,mal?usians ,section #b4 ,,tea*+ ,,bas$ ,,on ,,false ,,premises4 7a7 ,t ,population progresses geometrically 7b7 ,t ,food ,supply progresses ari?metically 7c7 ,t ,ov]population is ! cause ( ,pov]ty & ,disease ,section #c4 ,,! ,,root ,,fallacy ,section #d4 ,,:at ,,ov]population ,,means ,section #e4 ,,no ,,evid5ce ,,( ,,ov]population 7a7 ,9 ! ,suez ,canal ,zone 7b7 ,9 ,clos$ ,c\ntries l ,japan ,section #f4 ,a ,,natural ,,law ,,*eck+ ,,f]tility ,section #g4 ,,ov]population ,,9 ,,! ,,future ,section #h4 ,,h[ ,,nations ,,h ,,p]i%$ ,section #i4 ,,physical ,,cata/rophes 7a7 ,disease 7b7 ,w> ,section #aj4 ,,moral ,,cata/rophes ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,false ,,d$uctions ,,conc]n+ ,,pov]ty ,section #a4 ,,bir?-,,rate ,,& ,,pov]ty 7a7 ,fam9es 7b7 ,abundance 7c7 ,wages ,section #b4 ,,pov]ty ,,9 ,,great ,,brita9 ,,due ,,to ,,o!r ,,causes 7a7 ,"u-developm5t 7b7 ,sev]ance ( ! ,inhabitants f ! ,soil ,section #c4 ,,causes ,,( ,,pov]ty ,,9 ,,india ,section #d4 ,,pov]ty ,,9 ,,fact ,,causes ,a ,,high ,,bir?rate 7a7 ,mal?usianism is an attack on ! ,poor 7b7 ,a ,h9drance to ,re=m 7c7 ,a ,quack ,rem$y = ,pov]ty ,section #e4 ,,pov]ty ,,& ,,civilisation ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,high ,,bir?-,,rates ,,n ,,! ,,cause ,,( ,,high ,,dea?-,,rates ,section #a4 ,,pov]ty ,,z ,,n[ ,,exi/+ ,section #b4 ,,high ,,bir?-,,rate ,,n ,,! ,,cause ,,( ,,high ,,dea?-,,rate3 ,,prov$ ,,f ,,/ati/ics 7a7 ,canada 7b7 ,connaught ,section #c4 ,a ,,l[ ,,bir?-,,rate ,,no ,,gu>antee ,,( ,a ,,l[ ,,dea?-,,rate ,section #d4 ,,vital ,,/ati/ics ,,( ,,france ,section #e4 ,,coeffici5ts ,,( ,,correlation ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,h[ ,,religion ,,affects ,,! ,,bir?rate ,section #a4 ,,fr5* ,,/ati/ics ,,mis9t]pret$ ,,by ,,mal?usians ,section #b4 ,,evid5ce ,,f ,,holl& ,section #c4 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,section #d4 ,,! ,,same ,,results ,,9 ,,engl& ,,*apt] ,v ,,is ,,!re ,a ,,natural ,,law ,,regulat+ ,,! ,,proportion ,,( ,,bir?s ,,& ,,dea?s8 ,section #a4 ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,?omas ,,d\bl$ay ,,reviv$ ,section #b4 ,,mr4 ,,pell',s ,,g5]alisations ,,criticis$ ,section #c4 ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,decl9e ,section #d4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,f ,,greek ,,hi/ory 7a7 ,moral ,cata/rophe 9 ,anci5t ,greece 7b7 ,! ,physical ,cata/rophe induc$ by ,selfi%ness ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,fall+ ,,bir?-,,rate ,,9 ,,engl&3 ,,its ,,causes ,section #a4 ,,n1 ,,z ,,mal?usians ,,ass]t1 ,,due ,,ma9ly ,,to ,,contraceptives ,section #b4 ,,decl9e ,,9 ,,f]tility ,,due ,,to ,,"s ,,natural ,,law ,section #c4 ,,& ,,to ,,"* ,,( ,,occupation4 ,section #d4 ,,aggravat$ ,,d\btless ,,by ,,mal?usianism ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,evils ,,( ,,artificial ,,bir? ,,control ,section #a4 ,,n ,a ,,physical ,,b5efit 7a7 ,a ,cause ( ,/]ility 7b7 ,neuroses 7c7 ,fibroid ,tum\rs ,section #b4 ,a ,,sc&al\s ,,sugge/ion ,section #c4 ,a ,,cause ,,( ,,unhapp9ess ,,9 ,,m>riage ,section #d4 ,,an ,,insult ,,to ,,true ,,womanhood ,section #e4 ,a ,,degradation ,,( ,,! ,,female ,,sex ,section #f4 ,,specially ,,hurtful ,,to ,,! ,,poor 7a7 ,affect+ ! ,"y 7b7 ,expos+ ! ,poor to ,exp]im5t 7c7 ,t5d+ t[>ds ! ,s]vile ,/ate ,section #g4 ,a ,,m5ace ,,to ,,! ,,nation 7a7 ,!re is a ,limit to l[]+ ! ,dea?-rate 7b7 ,bir? ,control t5ds to ext+ui% ! ,bir?-rate 7c7 ,a ,dang] to ! ,empire 7d7 ,! ,dang]s ( ,small ,families ,section #h4 ,,! ,,plot ,,aga9/ ,,*ri/5dom ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,religi\s ,,argum5t ,,aga9/ ,,bir? ,,control ,section #a4 ,,an ,,(f5ce ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,nature ,section #b4 ,,reflect$ ,,9 ,,! ,,normal ,,consci5ce ,section #c4 ,,express$ ,,9 ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,e?ics ,section #d4 ,,bir? ,,control ,,condemn$ ,,by ,,prote/ant ,,*ur*es ,,app5dix ,,to ,,*apt] ,,viii ,a ,,neo-,,mal?usian ,,attack ,,on ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,engl& ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,*ur* ,,on ,,bir? ,,control ,section #a4 ,a ,,false ,,view ,,( ,,h] ,,doctr9e ,section #b4 ,,! ,,ess5ce ,,& ,,purpose ,,( ,,m>riage ,section #c4 ,,artificial ,,/]ility ,,:olly ,,condemn$ ,section #d4 ,,! ,,only ,,lawful ,,me?od ,,( ,,bir? ,,control ,section #e4 ,,conclusion ,,bibliography ,,bir? ,,control ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,ess5tial ,,fallacies ,,( ,,mal?usian ,,tea*+ ,section #a4 ,,mal?us ,,& ,,! ,,neo-,,mal?usians ,bir? control1 9 ! s5se ( ! prev5tion ( pregnancy by *emical1 me*anical1 or o!r artificial means1 is be+ widely advocat$ z a sure me?od ( less5+ pov]ty & ( increas+ ! physical & m5tal heal? ( ! nation4 ,x is1 !re=e1 advisable to exam9e ^! claims & ! gr\nds on :i* !y are bas$4 ,! foll[+ inve/igation w prove t ! propag&a ?r\gh\t ,we/]n ,europe & ,am]ica 9 fav\r ( artificial bir? control is bas$ on a m]e assumption1 bol/]$ up by economic & /ati/ical fallacies2 t ,mal?usian tea*+ is contr>y to reason & to fact2 t ,neo-,mal?usian practices are disa/r\s alike to nations & to individuals2 & t ^? practices are 9 !mselves an (f5ce aga9/ ! ,law ( ,nature1 :]eby ! ,div9e ,w is express$ 9 creation4 7a7 ,mal?us ,! ,rev4 ,?omas ,mal?us1 ,m4,a41 9 #agih publi%$ 8 ,essay on ! ,pr9ciple ( ,population4 ,8 pamphlet 0 an answ] to ,condorcet & ,godw91 :o held t vice & pov]ty 7 ! result ( human in/itutions & c\ld be rem$i$ by an ev5 di/ribution ( prop]ty4 ,mal?us1 on ! o!r h&1 believ$ t population increas$ m rapidly ?an ! means ( subsi/5ce1 & consequ5tly t vice & pov]ty 7 always due to ov]population & n to any p>ticul> =m ( society or ( gov]nm5t4 ,he /at$ t ow+ to ! relatively sl[ rate at :i* ! food supply ( c\ntries 0 increas$1 a high bir?-rate #a inevitably l$ to all ! evils ( pov]ty1 w>1 & high dea?-rates4 ,9 an infam\s passage he wrote t !re 0 no vacant place = ! sup]flu\s *ild at ,nature's mighty fea/2 t ,nature told ! *ild to be gone2 & t %e quickly execut$ h] own ord]4 ,?is passage 0 modifi$ 9 ! second1 & delet$ f ! ?ird edition ( ! ,essay4 ,9 lat] editions he ma9ta9$ t vice & mis]y _h *eck$ population1 t ! progress ( society might h dim9i%$ r ?an increas$ ! evils result+ f ! pr9ciple ( population1 & t by moral re/ra9t ov]population c\ld be prev5t$4 ,z ,cannan has po9t$ out1 #b ?is la/ sugge/ion de/roy$ ! =ce ( ! argum5t aga9/ ,godw91 :o c\ld h repli$ t 9 ord] to make moral re/ra9t univ]sal a sociali/ ,/ate 0 necess>y4 ,9 ord] to avoid ! evils ( ov]population1 ,mal?us advis$ p n to m>ry1 or1 if !y did1 to m>ry late 9 life & to limit ! numb] ( _! *ildr5 by ! ex]cise ( self-re/ra9t4 ,he reprobat$ all artificial & unnatural me?ods ( bir? control z immoral1 & z remov+ ! necess>y /imulus to indu/ry2 b he fail$ to grasp ! :ole tru? t an increase ( population is necess>y z a /imulus n only to indu/ry1 b also z ess5tial to man's moral & intellectual progress4 7b7 ,! ,neo-,mal?usians ,! ,mal?usian ,league accept ! !ory ( _! rev]$ tea*]1 b1 curi\sly en\gh1 !y reject 8 advice z be+ impracticable & productive ( ! greate/ possible evils to heal? & morality4 #c ,on ! contr>y1 !y advise univ]sal e>ly m>riage1 comb9$ ) artificial bir? control4 ,al?\gh _! policy is ?us 9 flat contradiction to ! policy ( ,mal?us1 !re are two ?+s common to bo?4 ,ea* is bas$ on ! same fallacy1 & ! aim ( bo? is wide ( ! m>k4 ,inde$1 ! ,neo-,mal?usian1 l ,mal?us1 has a mi/ ( speculation ov] 8 facts1 & a vap\r ( fact ov] 8 ideas4 #d ,moreov]1 z w be %[n "h1 ! pa? ( ! ,mal?usian ,league1 al?\gh at fir/ glance an easy way out ( _m human difficulties1 is 9 reality ! broad road along :i* a man or a nation travels to de/ruction2 & z guides ! ,neo-,mal?usians are utt]ly unsafe1 s9ce !y argue f 7a7 false premises to 7b7 false d$uctions4 ,we %all deal ) ! =m] 9 ?is *apt]4 ,section #b4 ,,tea*+ ,,bas$ ,,on ,,false ,,premises ,! !ory ( ,mal?us is bas$ on ?ree errors1 namely 7a7 t ! population increases 9 geometrical progression1 a progression ( #a1 #b1 #d1 #h1 #af1 & s on upw>ds2 7b7 t ! food supply increases 9 ari?metical progression1 a progression ( #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 & s on upw>ds2 & 7c7 t ov]population is ! cause ( pov]ty & disease4 ,if we %[ t de facto !re is no ov]population x obvi\sly _c be a cause ( any?+1 nor be itself caus$ by ! jo9t op]ation ( ! fir/ two causes4 ,h[ev]1 ea* ( ! errors c be sev]ally refut$4 7a7 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is true t a population might increase 9 geometrical progression1 & t a woman might be> ?irty *ildr5 9 h] lifetime2 b x is wrong to assume t because a ?+ might happ51 x !re=e does happ54 ,! population1 z a matt] ( fact1 does n increase 9 geometrical progression1 because ,nature #e places h] own *ecks on ! bir?-rate1 & no woman be>s all ! *ildr5 %e might !oretically be>1 ap>t altoge!r f artificial bir? control4 7b7 ,secondly1 ! food supply does n ( necessity increase 9 ari?metical progression1 because food is produc$ by human h&s1 & is !re=e increas$ 9 proportion to ! increase ( work]s1 unless ! food supply ( a c\ntry or ( ! _w has rea*$ its limit4 ,! food supply ( ! _w might rea* a limit beyond :i* x c\ld n be increas$2 b z yet ?is ev5t has n happ5$1 & !re is no indication :atsoev] t x is likely to happ54 ,human life is imm$iately su/a9$ by food1 clo?+1 %elt]1 & fuel4 ,food & clo?+ are pr9cipally d]iv$ f fi%1 f[l1 %eep1 cattle1 & gra91 all ( :i* t5d1 m s ?an man1 to increase 9 geometrical ratio1 al?\gh actually _! increase 9 ?is progression is *eck$ by man or by ,nature4 ,z reg>ds %elt] !re c be no increase at all1 ei!r ari?metical or geometrical1 ap>t f ! "w ( human h&s4 ,aga91 ! /ock ( fuel 9 or on ! e>? _c increase ( itself1 & is gradually becom+ exhau/$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 )9 liv+ memory1 new s\rces ( fuel1 su* z petroleum1 h be5 made available1 & old v>ieties ( fuel h be5 us$ to bett] advantage1 z witness ! int]nal-combu/ion eng9e driv5 by smoke f sawdu/4 ,moreov]1 9 ! ocean tides is a va/ en]gy t "o day may take ! place ( fuel4 7c7 ,?irdly1 be=e anyone c reasonably ma9ta9 t ov]population is ! cause ( pov]ty & disease1 x is necess>y to prove t ov]population actually exi/s or is likely to occur 9 ! future4 ,by ov]population we mean ! condition ( a c\ntry 9 :i* !re are s _m inhabitants t ! production ( necess>ies ( livelihood is insuffici5t = ! support ( all1 ) ! result t _m p are ov]work$ or ill-f$4 ,"u ^! circum/ances ! population c be said to press on ! soil3 & unless _! me?ods ( production c\ld be improv$1 or res\rces secur$ f outside1 ! only possible rem$y aga9/ ! pr9ciple ( dim9i%+ returns w\ld be a r$uction ( population2 o!rwise1 ! dea?-rate f want & />vation w\ld gradually rise until x equall$ ! bir?-rate 9 ord] to ma9ta9 an unhappy equilibrium4 ,section #c4 ,,! ,,root ,,fallacy ,accord+ to ,mal?usian doctr9e ov]population is ! cause ( pov]ty1 disease1 & w>3 & consequ5tly1 unless ! gr[? ( population is artificially re/ra9$1 all attempts to rem$y social evils are futile4 ,mal?usians claim t if only ! deva/at+ torr5t ( *ildr5 c\ld be arre/$ = a few ye>s1 x w\ld br+ untold relief4 ,!y hold t ov]population is ! root ( all social evil1 & ! tru? or falsehood ( t proposition is !re=e ! basis ( all _! tea*+4 ,n[1 :5 ,mal?usians are ask$ to prove t ?is _! basic proposition is true1 !y adopt "o ( two me?ods1 n ( pro(1 b ( evasion4 ,_! fir/ me?od ( evad+ ! "q is by ass]t+ t ! tru? ( _! proposition is self-evid5t & ne$s no pro(4 ,to t we reply t ! falsity ( ! proposition c & w be prov$4 ,_! second device is to put up a b>rage ( facts :i* m]ely %[ t all c\ntries1 & inde$ ! e>? itself1 w\ld h be5 ov]populat$ long ago if ! increase ( population _h n be5 limit$ by c]ta9 factors1 rang+ f celibacy & late m>riages to fam9es1 diseases1 w>s1 & infanticide4 ,! tru? ( ^! facts is indisputable1 b x is nev]!less a manife/ brea* ( logic to argue f ! fact ( pov]ty1 disease1 & w> hav+ *eck$ an increase ( population1 t !re=e pov]ty1 disease1 & w> are due to an increase ( population4 ,x w\ld be z reasonable to argue t1 because an unlimit$ increase ( insects is prev5t$ by birds & by climatic *anges1 !re=e an increase ( insects acc\nts = ! exi/5ce ( birds1 & = v>iations ( climate4 ,nor is x ( any use = ,mal?usians to say t ov]population might be ! cause ( pov]ty4 ,!y _c prove t x is ! cause ( pov]ty1 &1 z w be %[n 9 ! foll[+ *apt]1 m obvi\s & probable causes are />+ !m 9 ! face4 ,= our pres5t purpose x w suffice if we are able to prove t ov]population has n occurr$ 9 ! pa/ & is unlikely to occur 9 ! future4 ,section #d4 ,,:at ,,ov]population ,,means ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! mean+ ( ! ^w ov]population %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood4 ,! ^w does n mean a v l>ge numb] ( inhabitants 9 a c\ntry4 ,if t 7 its mean+ ! ,mal?usian fallacy c\ld be disprov$ by m]ely po9t+ out t pov]ty exi/s bo? 9 ?9ly populat$ & 9 ?ickly populat$ c\ntries4 ,n[1 9 reality1 ov]population w\ld occur :5ev] ! production ( ! necessities ( life 9 a c\ntry 0 insuffici5t = ! support ( all ! inhabitants4 ,= example1 a b>r5 rock 9 ! ocean w\ld be ov]populat$1 ev5 if x conta9$ only "o inhabitant4 ,x foll[s t ! t]m ov]population %\ld be appli$ only to an economic situation 9 :i* ! population presses on ! soil4 ,! po9t may be illu/rat$ by a simple example4 ,let u assume t a f]tile isl& ( #ajj acres is divid$ into #aj f>ms1 ea* ( #aj acres1 & ea* capable ( support+ a family ( t54 ,"u ^! conditions ! isl& c\ld support a population ( #a1jjj p )\t be+ ov]populat$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! numb]s 9 ea* family increas$ to #bj ! population w\ld press on ! soil1 & ! isl&1 ) #b1jjj inhabitants1 w\ld be an example ( ov]population1 & ( pov]ty due to ov]population4 ,on ! o!r h&1 let u assume t !re are only #a1jjj p on ! isl&1 b t "o family ( t5 individuals has manag$ to ga9 possession ( eight f>ms1 9 addition to _! own1 & t ! o!r n9e families are =c$ to live on "o f>m4 ,obvi\sly1 #ijj p w\ld be attempt+ to live "u conditions ( dire pov]ty1 & ! isl&1 ) its population ( #a1jjj1 w\ld n[ (f] an excell5t example1 n ( ov]population1 b ( human selfi%ness4 ,my cont5tions are t pov]ty is nei!r solely nor inde$ g5]ally relat$ to economic pressure on ! soil2 t !re are _m causes ( pov]ty ap>t altoge!r f ov]population2 & t 9 reality ov]population does n exi/ 9 ^? c\ntries :]e ,mal?usians claim to f9d pro(s ( social mis]y due to a high bir?rate4 ,if ov]population 9 ! economic s5se occurr$ 9 a clos$ c\ntry1 ^: inhabitants 7 ei!r unable or unwill+ to s5d out colonies1 x is obvi\s t g5]al pov]ty & mis]y w\ld result4 ,?is might happ5 9 small isl&s1 b x is ( great] int]e/ to "k :at does happ54 ,section #e4 ,,no ,,evid5ce ,,( ,,ov]population ,9 a clos$ c\ntry1 produc+ all its own necessities ( life & incapable ( expansion1 a high bir?-rate w\ld ev5tually increase ! /ruggle = exi/5ce & w\ld lead to ov]population1 always provid$ t1 fir/ly1 ! high bir?-rate is accompani$ by a l[ dea?-rate1 & secondly1 t ! high bir?-rate is ma9ta9$4 ,= example1 al?\gh a bir?-rate 0 high1 a population w\ld n increase 9 numb]s if ! dea?-rate 0 equally high4 ,!re=e1 a high bir?-rate does n ( necessity imply t population w be increas$ or t ov]population w occur4 ,aga91 if ! bir?-rate fell z ! population increas$1 ! dang] ( ov]population w\ld be avoid$ )\t ! aid ( a high dea?-rate4 ,= a mom5t1 h[ev]1 let u assume t ! ,mal?usian premise is correct1 t a high bir?-rate has l$ to ov]population1 & t ! /ruggle = exi/5ce has !re=e increas$4 ,!n obvi\sly ! dea?-rate w\ld rise2 ! effect ( ! high bir?-rate w\ld be neutralis$2 & beyond a c]ta9 po9t nei!r ! population nor ! /ruggle = exi/5ce c\ld be fur!r increas$4 ,on ^! gr\nds ,neo-,mal?usians argue t bir?-control is necess>y precisely to obviate t cruel device :]eby ,nature /rives to re/ore ! balance upset by a reckless increase ( bir?s2 & t ! only alt]native to frequ5t & premature dea?s is regulation ( ! s\rce ( life4 ,z a coroll>y to ?is proposition !y claim t1 if ! dea?-rate be r$uc$1 a c\ntry is b\nd to become ov]populat$ unless ! bir?s are artificially controll$4 ,=tunately x is possible to te/ ! tru? ( ?is coroll>y1 because c]ta9 def9ite obs]vations on ?is v po9t h be5 record$4 ,^! obs]vations d n support ! argum5t ( bir? controll]s4 7a7 ,9 ! ,suez ,canal ,zone ,9 ! ,suez ,canal ,zone !re 0 a high dea?-rate *iefly ow+ to fev]4 ,accord+ to ,mal?us x w\ld h be5 a great mi/ake to l[] ?is dea?-rate1 because1 if social conditions 7 improv$1 ! population w\ld rapidly increase & exce$ ! res\rces ( ! c\ntry4 ,n[1 9 fact1 ! social conditions 7 improv$1 ! dea?-rate 0 l[]$1 & ! subsequ5t ev5ts1 utt]ly refut+ ! above cont5tion1 are ?us not$ by ,dr4 ,hal=d ,ross1 :o 0 m$ical (fic] 9 t region3 ,dur+ ! ye>s #aija to #aiaj1 heal? measures 9 ?is zone produc$ a v consid]able fall 9 ! dea?-rate1 f #cj4b p] ?\s& to #ai4f p] ?\s&2 ! infant mortality 0 also r$uc$ v greatly1 & x 0 expect$ t1 aft] a lapse ( "t1 ! r$uction ( ! dea?-rate w\ld result 9 a rise ( ! bir?-rate1 & a correspond+ increase ( ! population4 ,b su* 0 n ! case4 ,:5 ! dea?-rate fell1 ! bir?rate fell too1 & ! numb] ( ! population rema9$ ! same z be=e1 ev5 aft] ne>ly a decade _h pass$1 & not)/&+ ! fact t ! :ole di/rict _h become mu* heal?i]1 & "o t[n1 ,port ,said1 0 conv]t$ f an unheal?y1 fev]-/rick5 place into a seaside heal? resort4 #f ,moreov]1 ,dr4 ,hal=d ,ross has told me t artificial bir? control 0 n practis$ 9 ?is region1 & play$ no "p 9 ma9ta9+ a /ation>y population4 ,! majority ( ! p 7 /rict ,mohamm$ans1 among/ :om ! practice ( bir? control is =bidd5 by ! ,koran4 7b7 ,9 ,clos$ ,c\ntries l ,japan ,b a mu* m /rik+ example ( ! population 9 a clos$ c\ntry rema9+ /ation>y )\t ! practice ( bir? control1 ?us refut+ ! cont5tion ( our bir? controll]s1 is to be f\nd 9 _! own p]iodical1 ,! ,mal?usian4 #g ,x w\ld appe> t 9 ,japan f #agbc to #ahdf ! population rema9$ almo/ /ation>y1 only increas+ f #bf1jfe1dbb to #bf1ijg1fbe4 ,9 #ahfg ! ,%ogunate 0 aboli%$1 ! ,emp]or 0 re/or$1 & ,japan began to be a civilis$ p[]4 ,n[ f #ahgb ! population increas$ by #aj1fdi1iij 9 tw5ty-sev5 ye>s1 & dur+ ! p]iod betwe5 #ahig & #aijg ! population receiv$ an increm5t ( #aa4f p] c5t41 :]eas ! food-produc+ area increas$ by only #d4d p] c5t4444 ,accord+ to ,pr(essor ,morimoro1 ! co/ ( liv+ is n[ s high 9 ,japan t #ih p] c5t1 ( ! p d n get en\gh to eat4 ,f ^! facts c]ta9 obvi\s d$uctions may be made4 ,s long z ,japan 0 a clos$ c\ntry h] population rema9$ /ation>y4 ,:5 %e became a civilis$ indu/rial p[] ! mass ( h] p became poor]1 ! bir?-rate rose1 & ! population increas$1 ?is la/ result be+ ! real problem to-day 9 ! ,f> ,ea/4 ,9 face ( ^! facts x is %e] com$y to le>n t our ,mal?usians are s5d+ a woman to prea* bir? control among/ ! ,japanese6 ,d !y really believe t = ov] a hundr$ ye>s ,japan1 unlike mo/ semi-b>b>ic c\ntries1 practis$ bir? control1 & t :5 %e became civilis$ %e refus$1 unlike mo/ civilis$ c\ntries1 to cont9ue ?is practice8 ,!re is surely a limit to human cr$ulity4 ,! tru? appe>s to be t 9 clos$ c\ntries ! population rema9s m or less /ation>y1 t ,nature h]self *ecks ! bir?-rate )\t ! aid ( artificial bir? control1 & t bir?rates & dea?-rates are indep5d5tly relat$ to ! means ( subsi/5ce4 ,section #f4 ,a ,,natural ,,law ,,*eck+ ,,f]tility ,dur+ ! pa/ c5tury ! population ( ,europe increas$ by ab\t #afj1jjj1jjj1 b x is utt]ly unreasonable to assume t ?is rate ( increase w be ma9ta9$ dur+ ! pres5t c5tury4 ,x w\ld be z s5sible to argue t because a *ild is f\r feet high at ! age ( t5 he w be eight feet high at ! age ( tw5ty4 ,moreov]1 !re is evid5ce t1 ap>t altoge!r f vice1 ! f]tility ( a nation is r$uc$ at e /ep 9 civilisation4 ,! cause ( ?is r$uction 9 f]tility is unkn[n4 ,x is probably a reaction to _m complex influ5ces1 & possibly associat$ ) ! va/ gr[? ( great cities4 ,?is decl9e 9 ! f]tility ( a community is a natural protection aga9/ ! possibility ( ov]population2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 !re is a po9t beyond :i* any fur!r decl9e 9 f]tility w br+ a community )9 sight ( depopulation & ( ext9ction4 ,section #g4 ,,ov]population ,,9 ,,! ,,future ,x is a fallacy to say t ov]population is ! cause ( pov]ty & disease1 & t = ! simple reason t ov]population has n yet occurr$4 ,= ! gr[? ( a nation we assume t ! bir?-rate %\ld exce$ ! dea?-rate by f #aj to #bj p] ?\s&1 & x is obvi\s t 9 a clos$ c\ntry ! evil ( ov]population might appe> 9 a comp>atively %ort "t4 ,! natural rem$ies 9 ! pa/ h be5 emigration & colonisation4 ,accord+ to ! bir? controll]s ^! rem$ies are only tempor>y1 because soon] or lat] all colonies & ev5tually ! e>? itself w be ov]populat$4 ,at ! ,briti% ,association ,meet+ 9 #ahij ! population ( ! e>? 0 said to be #a1ejj millions1 & x 0 calculat$ t only #f1jjj millions c\ld live on ! e>?4 ,?is means t if ! bir?-rate ?r\gh\t ! _w exce$$ ! dea?-rate by only #h p] ?\s&1 ! e>? w\ld be ov]populat$ )9 #bjj ye>s4 ,x is probable t 9 ^! calculations ! capacity ( ! e>? to su/a9 human life has be5 und]e/imat$2 t ! e>? c\ld support n f\r times b sixte5 times its pres5t population2 & t ! latt] figure c\ld be /ill fur!r increas$ by ! progress ( inv5tions4 ,b1 ap>t altoge!r f ! accuracy ( ^! figures1 ! dang] ( ov]population is no?+ m or less ?an a my?4 ,inde$1 ! end ( ! _w1 a philosophic & sci5tific c]titude1 is a m imm95t ev5t ?an its ov]population4 ,section #h4 ,,h[ ,,nations ,,h ,,p]i%$ ,be=e speculat+ on :at might happ5 9 ! future1 x is well to recollect :at has happ5$ 9 ! pa/4 ,! e>? has be5 inhabit$ = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 & mod]n rese>* has reveal$ ! rema9s ( _m anci5t civilisations t h p]i%$4 ,= example1 !re 7 ! great nations ( ,cambodia & ( ,guatemala4 ,9 ,crete1 ab\t #bjjj ,b4,c41 !re exi/$ a civilisation :]e wom5 7 dress$ z are ?is ev5+ ! wom5 ( ,london & ,p>is4 ,t civilisation p]i%$1 & ev5 its language _c n[ be deciph]$4 ,:y did ^! civilisations p]i%8 ,surely ?is mom5t\s "q %\ld take prec$5ce ov] b>r5 discussions z to :e!r !re w be suffici5t food on ! l& or 9 ! sea = ! inhabitants ( ! _w 9 #bjj ye>s' "t4 ,h[ came x ab\t t ^! anci5t nations did n d\ble _! numb]s e fifty ye>s & fill up ! e>? long ago8 ,! answ] is t !y 7 ov]come & annihilat$ by ! incid5ce ( "o or o!r ( two dang]s t ?reat5 e civilisation1 includ+ our own4 ,^! dang]s are c]ta9 physical & moral cata/rophes1 aga9/ :i* !re is only "o =m ( natural insurance1 namely1 a bir?-rate t adequately exce$s ! dea?-rate4 ,!y help to illu/rate fur!r ! fallacy ( ! ov]population sc>e4 ,! foll[+ is a g5]al outl9e ( ^! dang]s1 & 9 a lat] *apt] 7p4 #gj77see ,ref]5ce3 ,dang]s7 ,i %all quote an example ( h[ !y h op]at$ 9 ! pa/4 ,section #i4 ,,physical ,,cata/rophes ,dea?s f fam9e1 floods1 e>?quakes1 & volcanic eruptions are conf9$ to comp>atively small areas1 & ! two physical cata/rophes t may s]i\sly ?reat5 a civilisation may be r$uc$ to endemic disease & w>4 7a7 ,disease ,disease1 9 ! =m ( mal>ia1 contribut$ to ! fall ( anci5t ,greece & ,rome4 ,9 ! f\rte5? c5tury #be1jjj1jjj p1 "o-qu>t] ( ! population ( ,europe1 7 ext]m9at$ by plague1 ! ,black ,dea?1 & 9 ! sixte5? c5tury smallpox depopulat$ ,spani% ,am]ica4 ,al?\gh ^! p>ticul> diseases h lo/ mu* ( _! p[] ow+ to ! progress ( m$ical sci5ce1 we h no "r to assume t disease 9 g5]al has be5 conqu]$ by our civilisation1 or t a new pe/il5ce may n appe>4 ,on ! contr>y1 9 #ahje1 a new disease1 spott$ fev]1 appe>$ 9 ,g5eva1 & )9 half a c5tury _h become endemic ?r\gh\t ,europe & ,am]ica4 ,( ?is fev] dur+ ! ,great ,w> ! late ,sir ,william ,osl] wrote3 ,9 c]ebro-sp9al fev] we may be witness+ ! /ruggle ( a new disease to w9 a place among ! great epidemics ( ! _w4 ,!re 0 a my/]y ab\t ?is disease1 because1 al?\gh unkn[n 9 ! ,arctic ,circle1 x appe>$ 9 temp]ate climates dur+ ! colde/ mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,z ,i 0 able to prove 9 #aiae1 #h x is a disease ( civilisation4 ,i f\nd t ! causal organism 0 kill$ 9 ?irty m9utes by a temp]ature ( #fb;,f4 ,x 0 ?us obvi\s t infection c\ld nev] be c>ri$ by cold air4 ,b 9 ov]cr[d$ rooms :]e w9d[s are clos$1 & ! temp]ature ( w>m1 impure1 saturat$ air 0 rais$ by ! natural heat ( ! body to #hj;,f or ov]1 ! life ( ! microorganism1 expell$ f ! m\?s ( infect$ p dur+ ! act ( c\gh+1 0 prolong$4 ,infection is ?us c>ri$ f "o p]son to ano!r by w>m curr5ts ( mov+ air1 & at ! same "t resi/ance aga9/ ! disease is l[]$4 ,cold air kills ! organism1 b cold wea!r fav\rs ! disease4 ,9 t p>adox ! aetiology ( c]ebro-sp9al fev] became z cle> z ! means ( prev5tion4 ,! /ory ( spott$ fev] reveals ! =ces ( nature fight+ aga9/ ! disease at e turn1 & implacably oppos$ to its exi/5ce1 :ile man alone1 ( 8 own w & folly1 h>b\rs infection & creates ! only conditions "u :i* ! malady c appe>4 ,= example1 dur+ two consecutive w9t]s c]ebro-sp9al fev] _h appe>$ 9 b>racks capable ( h\s+ #b1jjj m54 ,a simple & effective me?od ( v5tilation 0 !n introduc$4 ,f t day to ?is n a s+le case ( c]ebro-sp9al fev] has occurr$ 9 ^! b>racks1 al?\gh !re h be5 outbreaks ( ?is disease 9 ! t[n 9 :i* ! b>racks are situat$4 ,!re are _m o!r diseases peculi> to civilisation1 & conc]n+ ! :]e=e & ! :y an apposite passage occurs 9 ! works ( ,sir ,william ,gull4 ,causes affect+ heal? & %ort5+ life may be inappreciable 9 ! individual1 b suffici5tly obvi\s :5 _! effect is multipli$ a ?\s&fold4 ,if ! conditions ( society r5d] u liable to _m diseases1 !y 9 return enable u to e/abli% ! g5]al laws ( life & heal?1 a k ( :i* soon becomes a di/ributive bless+4 ,! cure ( individual diseases1 :il/ we leave op5 ! d>k f\nta9s f :i* !y spr+1 is to lab\r l ,sisyphus1 & h our "w cont9ually return+ ^u our h&s4 ,&1 aga91 !re are diseases ov] :i*1 directly1 we h little or no control1 z if ,provid5ce _h set !m z signs to direct u to wid] fields ( inquiry & ex]tion4 ,ev5 p>tial success is (t5 d5i$1 le/ we %\ld re/ satisfi$ ) x1 & =get ! tru] & bett] means ( prev5tion4 #i ,m$ical & sanit>y sci5ce h made great progress 9 ! conque/ ( ent]ic fev]1 diph!ria1 sc>let fev]1 measles1 & :oop+ c\gh4 ,! mortality f bron*itis & f pulmon>y tub]culosis has also be5 r$uc$1 b nev]!less tub]culosis /ill claims m victims 9 ! prime ( life ?an any o!r malady4 ,x is a disease ( civilisation & is intimately associat$ ) economic conditions4 ,! hi/ory ( tub]culosis has yet to be writt54 ,on ! o!r h&1 dea?s f c]ta9 o!r diseases are actually increas+1 z witness ! foll[+ figures f ! ,reports ( ! ,regi/r>-,g5]al = ,engl& & ,wales3 ,disease4 ,numb] ( ,numb] ( dea?s 9 ,dea?s 9 #ahih4 #aiai4 ,diseases ( ! he>t & circulatory sy/em #ej1dib #fi1fcg ,canc] #be1aif #db1add ,pneumonia #ce1dfb #ch1idi ,influ5za #aj1dje #dd1hja ,9 view ( ^! figures x is folly to suppose t ! f9al conque/ ( disease is imm95t4 7b7 ,w> ,w>1 =eign or civil1 is ano!r sword hang+ ov] civilisations1 :]eby ! fruits ( a long p]iod ( gr[? may be de/roy$ 9 a few ye>s4 ,aft] ! ,?irty ,ye>s ,w> ! recov]y ( ,g]many occupi$ a c5tury & a half4 ,dur+ ! f\rte5 ye>s ( ! ,taip+ rebellion 9 ,*9a :ole prov9ces 7 deva/at$ & millions ^u millions ( p 7 kill$ or di$4 ,9 spite ( ! ,great ,w> dur+ ! pa/ decade1 !re are "s :o w\ld delude !mselves & o!rs into ! va9 belief t1 )\t a radical *ange 9 int]national relations & a det]m9$ ef=t to neutralise its causes1 !re w be no m w>2 b unless ! nations le>n ?r\gh ,*ri/ianity t ju/ice is high] ?an self-int]e/ ! foll[+ brilliant passage by ,devas is z true to-day z :5 x 0 writt5 9 #aija3 ,true t ! spread ( humanit>ianism & cosmopolitanism made _m p ?9k1 t[>ds ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 t blood%$ 0 at an end4 ,b _! hopes 7 dreams3 ! visible gr[? ( national rivalry & gigantic armam5ts c only issue 9 desp]ate /ruggles2 :ile n a few among ! nations are tr\bl$ ) ! gr[? ( int]nal diss5sions & accumulations ( social hatr$ t po9t to bloody cata/rophes 9 ! future2 & ! trem5d\s means ( de/ruction t mod]n sci5ce puts 9 our h&s (f] frightful possibilities ( slaught]1 murd]\s an>*ical outrages1 & riv]s ( blood %$ 9 pitiless repression4 #aj ,mal?usians may inveigh aga9/ w>s wag$ to a*ieve ! expansion ( a nation1 b s long z int]national rivalry disreg>ds ! moral law _! words w nei!r /op w> nor prev5t a ,mal?usian c\ntry f fall+ an easy prey to a /rong] p4 ,on ! contr>y1 a l[ bir?rate1 by r$uc+ ! pot5tial =ce available = def5ce1 is actually an inc5tive to a decl>ation ( w> f an envi\s neighb\r1 because x means t he w n hesitate s long :5 attempt+ to c\nt ! co/ be=eh&4 ,9 #ahej ! population ( ,france & ,g]many numb]$ practically ! same1 #ce1ejj1jjj2 9 #aiac t ( ,france 0 #ci1fjj1jjj1 t ( ,g]many #fg1jjj1jjj4 #aa ,! be>+ ( ^! facts on ! ,great ,w> is obvi\s4 ,9 #aiai ! new ,g]many1 includ+ ,silesia1 _h a population ( j ov] #fj1jjj1jjj2 :]eas1 9 #aiba1 ,france1 includ+ ,alsace-,lorra9e1 _h a population ( #ci1bjj1jjj4 ,?us1 despite h] victory 9 ! w>1 ! population ( ,france is less to-day ?an x 0 sev5 ye>s ago4 ,section #aj4 ,,moral ,,cata/rophes ,9 view ( pa/ hi/ory only an o/ri* ) its head 9 ! s& c pr(ess to believe t !re w be no calamities 9 ! future to r$uce ! population ( ! e>?4 ,& ap>t f cataclysms ( disease or ( w>1 empires h p]i%$ by moral cata/rophe4 ,a disbelief 9 ,god results 9 selfi%ness1 & 9 v>i\s moral cata/rophes4 ,9 ! t]se phrase ( ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,%aw1 ,voluptu>ies prosp] & p]i%4 #ab ,= example1 dur+ ! second c5tury ,b4,c4 ! disease ( rationalism1 #ac spread ov] ,greece1 & a rapid depopulation ( ! c\ntry began4 ,! facts 7 record$ by ,polybius1 #ad :o expressly /ates t at ! "t ( :i* he is writ+ s]i\s pe/il5ces did n occur1 & t depopulation 0 caus$ by ! selfi%ness ( ! ,greeks1 :o1 be+ addict$ to pleasure1 ei!r did n m>ry at all or refus$ to re> m ?an "o or two *ildr51 le/ x %\ld be impossible to br+ !m up 9 extravagant luxury4 ,?is anci5t hi/orian also not$ t ! dea? ( a son 9 w> or by pe/il5ce is a s]i\s matt] :5 !re are only "o or two sons 9 a family4 ,greece fell to ! conqu]+ ,romans1 & !y also 9 c\rse ( "t 7 infect$ ) ?is evil cank]4 ,!re came a day :5 ov] ! battlem5ts ( ,con/ant9ople ! blood-r$ ,cresc5t 0 unfurl$4 ,lat] on all ,*ri/5dom 0 ?reat5$1 & ! ,k+ ( ,france appeal$ to ! ,pope = m5 & arms to resi/ ! *all5ge to ,europe ( ! ,mohamm$an _w4 ,! ,empire ( ! ,turk spread ov] ! :ole ( ,s\?-,ea/]n ,europe4 ,b once m ! evil poison spread1 ?is "t into ! homes 9 _m p>ts ( ,islam1 & to-day ! once triumphant foes ( ,*ri/ianity are decay+ nations ^: dom9ions are ! appanage ( ,europe4 ,9 face ( ^! facts x is %e] madness to assume t all ! ,great ,p[]s n[ exi/+ w ma9ta9 _! population & prove immune f decay4 ,inde$1 ! v propag&a aga9/ :i* ?is ,essay is direct$ is 9 itself positive pro( t ! se$s ( decay h already be5 s[n )9 ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,yet1 9 an age 9 :i* ?\ght & reason are suppress$ by sy/ematis$ confusion & spiritless p]plexity1 ! v simplicity ( a tru? w op]ate aga9/ its g5]al acceptance4 ,f ! !ological po9t ( view1 ! my? ( ov]population is def9itely ( anti-,*ri/ian gr[?1 because x assumes t1 ow+ to ! op]ation ( natural in/9cts implant$ 9 mank9d by ! ,creator1 ! only alt]native (f]$ to ! race is a *oice betwe5 mis]y & vice1 an alt]native utt]ly incompatible ) ,div9e goodness 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! _w4 ,footnote #a3 ,! bir?-rate is ! numb] ( bir?s p] #a1jjj ( ! :ole population4 ,9 ord] to make a fair comp>ison betwe5 "o community & ano!r1 ! bir?-rate is (t5 calculat$ z ! numb] ( bir?s p] #a1jjj m>ri$ wom5 betwe5 #ae & #de ye>s ( age1 z ^! con/itute ! great majority ( *ild-be>+ mo!rs4 ,?is is call$ ! correct$ bir?-rate4 ,footnote #b3 ,economic ,review1 ,janu>y #ahib4 ,footnote #c3 ,s says ! ,secret>y ( ! ,mal?usian ,league4 ,vide ,! ,decl9+ ,bir?-rate1 #aiaf1 p4 #hh4 ,footnote #d3 ,bagehot1 ,economic ,/udies1 p4 #aic4 ,footnote #e3 ,to assign a p]sonality to ,nature is1 ( c\rse1 a m]e faon de p>l]2 ! believ] holds t ! c\rse ( ,nature is an expression ( ! ,m9d & ,w ( ! ,creator4 ,footnote #f3 ,problems ( ,population1 p4 #chb4 ,footnote #g3 ,! ,mal?usian1 ,july #ae1 #aiba4 ,footnote #h3 ,lancet1 #aiae1 vol4 ii1 p4 #hfb4 ,footnote #i3 ,! ,new ,syd5ham ,society1 vol4 clvi1 section viii1 p4 #ab4 ,footnote #aj3 ,*>les ,s4 ,devas1 ,political ,economy1 #aija1 p4 #aia4 ,footnote #aa3 ,revue ,pratique d',apologtique1 ,septemb] #ae1 #aiad4 ,footnote #ab3 ,man & ,sup]man1 p4 #aie4 ,footnote #ac3 ,by rationalism we mean a d5ial ( ,god & ( responsibility = conduct to a ,high] ,be+4 ,footnote #ad3 ,quot$ by ,w4,h4,s4 ,jones1 ,mal>ia & ,greek ,hi/ory #aiji1 p#ie4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,! ,,false ,,d$uctions ,,conc]n+ ,,pov]ty ,f ! orig9al root-fallacy ,mal?us argu$ t pov]ty1 pro/itution1 w>1 disease1 & a high dea?-rate are necess>y 9 ord] to keep d[n ! population3 & f ! same false premises bir? controll]s are n[ argu+ t a high bir?-rate causes 7#a7 pov]ty1 & 7#b7 a high dea?-rate4 ,! /eps 9 ! argum5t :]eby ^! amaz+ conclusions are rea*$ are z foll[s4 ,be=e ! dea?-rate c be l[]$ ! social conditions ( ! p mu/ be improv$2 if social conditions are improv$ !re w be an enorm\s increase ( population 9 geometrical progression2 ! food supply ( ! c\ntry & ev5 ( ! _w _c be increas$ at ! same rate2 & !re=e !re w be great] pov]ty & a high] dea?-rate unless ! bir?-rate is l[]$4 ,?us ,mal?usians argue4 ,9 view ( ! false premises on :i* _! argum5t is bas$1 x is n surpris+ to f9d t _! d$uctions are errone\s & conta9 _m economic & /ati/ical fallacies1 to ! consid]ation ( :i* we may n[ devote our att5tion4 ,section #a4 ,,bir?-,,rate ,,& ,,pov]ty ,! fir/ false d$uction ( bir? controll]s is t a high bir?-rate1 by int5sify+ ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 increases pov]ty4 ,9 ord] to bol/] up ?is cont5tion1 ,mal?usians quote ?ree argum5ts conc]n+ 7a7 fam9es1 7b7 abundance1 & 7c7 wages1 & ea* ( ^! argum5ts is fallaci\s4 7a7 ,fam9es ,! preval5ce ( fam9es is quot$ z a pro( ( reckless ov]population4 ,n[ a fam9e may occur f sev]al diff]5t causes1 "s )9 & o!rs beyond ! control ( man1 b a failure ( crops has nev] yet be5 caus$ by pressure on ! soil4 ,on ! contr>y1 fam9e is less likely to arise 9 a c\ntry ^: soil is int5sively cultivat$1 because int5sive cultivation means a v>iety ( crops1 & !re=e less risk ( all ! crops fail+4 ,moreov]1 dur+ ! pa/ c5tury fam9e has occurr$ 9 ,b5gal1 :]e population is d5se2 9 ,irel&1 :]e population is mod]ate1 & 9 ,ea/]n ,russia1 :]e population is scanty4 ,! exi/5ce ( fam9e is !re=e no pro( t a c\ntry is ov]populat$1 al?\gh x may indicate t a c\ntry is badly gov]n$ or "u-develop$4 7b7 ,abundance ,mal?usians also claim t by means ( artificial bir? control we c\ld live 9 a l& ( abundance4 ,!y po9t out t1 z ! population ( a new colony increases1 ! coloni/s1 by apply+ ! me?ods ( civilisation to ! ri* soil1 become m & m prosp]\s4 ,ev5tually !re comes a "t :5 capital or lab\r appli$ to ! soil gives a maximum return p] head ( population4 ,once t po9t has be5 rea*$ any fur!r capital or lab\r appli$ to ! soil w produce a small] return p] head ( population4 ,?is law ( dim9i%+ returns may be illu/rat$ by a simpl] example4 ,let u suppose t dur+ "o ye> a m>ket g>d5 work$ by "o man has produc$ vegetables to ! value ( #aj4 ,dur+ ! second ye> ! g>d5 is work$ by t5 m5 & produces vegetables to ! value ( #bjj4 ,x is obvi\s t ! "w ( t5 m5 has produc$ twice z mu* p] head z ! "w ( "o man1 because ea* man has produc$ n #aj b #bj4 ,dur+ ! ?ird ye> ! g>d5 is work$ by tw5ty m5 & yields vegetables to ! value ( #cjj4 ,! total yield is great]1 b ! yield p] head is less1 because ea* man has produc$ n #bj b #ae4 ,! po9t ( maximum production p] head has be5 pass$1 & ! law ( dim9i%+ returns is op]at+4 ,by re/rict+ ! bir?-rate ,mal?usians w\ld limit ! population to ! numb] necess>y = maximum production p] head4 ,n[1 9 ! fir/ place1 x w\ld be v difficult1 if n impossible1 9 ! case ( a c\ntry ) v>i\s indu/ries1 to decide :5 ! l9e ( maximum production _h be5 pass$ at any giv5 "t4 ,moreov]1 x w\ld be utt]ly impossible to fix ?is l9e p]man5tly4 ,9 ! case ( our m>ket g>d5 ! introduction ( int5sive horticulture might mean t maximum production p] head requir$ ! "w ( =ty m54 ,aga91 ! v phrase maximum production p] head implies /]l+ moral qualities 9 ! work]s1 & an abs5ce ( drones2 & /]l+ moral qualities h nev] be5 prom95t 9 any nation1 once ! practice ( artificial bir? control has be5 adopt$4 ,la/ly1 ! ,*ri/ian ideal requires = its realisation1 n a maximum1 b an adequate supply ( food1 clo?+1 %elt]1 & fuel4 ,*ri/ianity tea*es t to seek aft] ! maximum enjoym5t ( mat]ial ?+s is n ! *ief end ( man1 because ! life ( a man 9 ?is _w is v %ort comp>$ ) 8 life 9 et]nity4 7c7 ,wages ,! ,wages ,fund ,!ory is an economic reflection ( ! ,mal?usian my?4 ,?is !ory assumes t a def9ite fix$ sum is available e ye> = di/ribution z wages among/ lab\r]s1 s t ! m num]\s ! lab\r]s ! less wages w ea* "o receive4 ,f ?is !ory ,mal?usians argue t ! only rem$y = l[ wages is artificial bir? control4 ,!y c>efully refra9 f tell+ ! work+ classes ! o!r aspect ( ?is ,wages ,fund !ory--namely1 t if ! work]s 9 "o trade receive a rise 9 wages1 a correspond+ r$uction mu/ be made 9 ! wages ( o!rs1 s t a rise 9 wages "h & !re conf]s no real b5efit on ! lab\r+ classes z a :ole4 ,t is m]ely "o illu/ration ( capitali/ bias 9 ! ,mal?usian propag&a4 ,9 any case1 economic sci5ce has disc>d$ ! ,wages ,fund ,!ory z a pure fiction4 ,no fix$ or def9ite sum is available = wages1 because ! wages ( a lab\r] are d]iv$ f ! produce ( 8 "w4 ,ev5 9 ! case ( mak+ a railway1 :]e wages are paid be=e ! "w is complet$1 ! money is advanc$ by %>ehold]s on ! security ( ! proce$s t w ev5tually accrue f ! produce ( ! lab\r]s4 ,section #b4 ,,pov]ty ,,9 ,,great ,,brita9 ,,due ,,to ,,o!r ,,causes 7a7 ,"u-developm5t ,ev5 if ! !ory ( bir? controll]s1 t a high bir?-rate increases pov]ty1 7 z true z x is false1 x c\ld n possibly apply to ,great ,brita9 or to any o!r c\ntry op5 to comm]cial int]c\rse ) ! _w2 because !re is no evid5ce t ! supply ( food 9 ! _w ei!r _c or w n be increas$ to meet any actual or possible dem&4 ,)9 ! ,briti% ,empire alone !re 0 an increase ( #ge p] c5t4 9 ! production ( :eat betwe5 #aija & #aiaa4 #ae ,9 ,great ,brita9 !re has be5 n only an increase ( population b also an increas$ consumption ( v>i\s foods p] head ( ! population4 ,moreov]1 if ,brita9 7 z well cultivat$ z is ,fl&]s we c\ld produce all or ne>ly all our own food4 #af ,! tru? is t 9 c\ntries su* z ,engl&1 ,belgium1 & ,b5gal1 usually cit$ by ,mal?usians1 z illu/rat+ ! mis]y t results f ov]population1 !re is no evid5ce :atsoev] to prove t ! population is press+ on ! soil4 ,on ! contr>y1 we f9d ample physical res\rces suffici5t to support ! entire population1 & we also f9d evid5ce ( human inju/ice1 incapacity1 & corruption suffici5t to acc\nt = ! pov]ty & mis]y t exi/ 9 ^! c\ntries4 ,?is 0 especially s 9 ,irel& dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 #ag ,moreov]1 s f> f high bir?-rates be+ ! cause ( pov]ty1 we %all f9d t pov]ty is "o ( ! causes ( a high bir?-rate 7p4 #fi74 7b7 ,sev]ance ( ! ,inhabitants f ! ,soil ,x 0 n a high bir?-rate t e/abli%$ organis$ pov]ty 9 ,engl&4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! great] "p ( ! l&1 includ+ common l& belong+ to ! poor1 0 seiz$ by ! ri*4 ,!y began by robb+ ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 & !y end$ by robb+ ! p4 #ah ,once ma*9]y 0 introduc$ 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 ! total weal? ( ,engl& 0 enorm\sly increas$2 b ! va/ majority ( ! p _h little %>e 9 ?is increase ( weal? t accru$ f ma*9]y1 because only a small portion ( ! p possess$ capital4 ,m *ildr5 came1 b !y came to conditions ( pov]ty & ( *ild-lab\r 9 ! mills4 ,9 c\ntries :]e m natural & /able social conditions exi/1 & :]e !re are _m small own]s ( l&1 l>ge families1 s f> f be+ a cause ( pov]ty1 are ( ! greate/ assi/ance to _! p>5ts & to !mselves4 ,!re are means :]eby pov]ty c\ld be r$uc$1 b artificial bir? control w\ld only increase ! total pov]ty ( ! ,/ate1 & !re=e ( ! individual4 ,f e>ly d[n to ,tudor times1 ! majority ( ! inhabitants ( ,engl& liv$ on small hold+s4 ,= example1 9 ! fifte5? c5tury !re 7 tw5ty-"o small hold+s on a p>ticul> area measur+ #afj acres4 ,dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury ! numb] ( hold+s on ?is area _h fall5 to six1 & 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury ! #afj acres became "o f>m4 ,occasionally an ef=t 0 made to *eck ?is process1 & by a /atute ( ,elizabe? p5alties 7 enact$ aga9/ build+ any cottages )\t lay+ f\r acres ( l& !reto4 ,on ! o!r h&1 acres ^u acres 7 giv5 to ! l>g] l&[n]s by a s]ies ( ,acts = ! enclosure ( common l&1 :]eby _m lab\r]s 7 depriv$ ( _! l&4 ,f ! reign ( ,george ,i to t ( ,george ,,iii ne>ly f\r ?\s& enclosure bills 7 pass$4 ,^! wrongs h n be5 right$4 ,to urge1 wrote ,pr(essor ,ba91 t !re is suffici5t pov]ty & toil 9 ! _w )\t br++ 9 m to %>e x ?an c be provid$ =1 implies ei!r begg+ ! "q at issue--a direct imputation t ! _w is at pres5t v badly manag$--or t all p]sons %\ld take x ^u !mselves to say h[ mu* pov]ty & toil w exi/ 9 any "p ( ! _w 9 ! future1 or limit ! productiv5ess ( any race1 because inadequate means ( fe$+1 clo?+1 or employ+ !m may be adopt$ 9 t "p ( "t sometimes call$ unborn et]nity4 ,z a rule1 ! result usually has be53 limit ! increase ( population )\t adequate cause1 & ! reaction causes det]ioration or annihilation4 #ai ,la/ly1 !re is evid5ce t pov]ty has exi/$ 9 ?9ly populat$ c\ntries4 ,ri*>d ,cobd51 writ+ 9 #ahcf1 ( ,russia1 /ates3 ,! mass ( ! p are sunk 9 pov]ty1 ignorance1 & b>b>ism1 sc>cely ris+ above a /ate ( nature1 & yet x has be5 e/imat$ t ?is c\ntry conta9s m ?an #gej1jjj squ>e miles ( l&1 ( a quality n inf]ior to ! be/ portions ( ,g]many1 & ^u :i* a population ( #bjj1jjj1jjj might f9d subsi/5ce4 #bj ,section #c4 ,,causes ,,( ,,pov]ty ,,9 ,,india ,9 reality *ronic pov]ty exi/s bo? 9 ! ?ickly-peopl$ & 9 ! ?9ly-peopl$ regions ( ,india1 & !re=e ! ov]population !ory is an inadequate explanation4 ,moreov]1 !re are c]ta9 obvi\s & admitt$ evils1 suffici5t 9 !mselves to acc\nt = ! *ronic pov]ty ( ,india1 & ( ^! f\r are quot$ by ,devas4 #ba 7#a7 ,! grave disc\ragem5t to all rural improvem5t & 9 p>ticul> to ! s9k+ ( deep wells1 by ! abs5ce outside ,b5gal ( fixity ( t5ure1 ! l&hold] hav+ ! prospect ( 8 assessm5t be+ rais$ e fifte5 or ?irty ye>s4 7#b7 ,?r\gh mo/ ( ,india ! un*eck$ oppression ( usur]s1 9 ^: toils _m millions ( l&hold]s are s b\nd z to lack means or motive = ! prop] cultivation ( ! soil4 7#c7 ,a sy/em ( law & police totally unfit = small cultivators--witness ! plague ( litigation1 appeals z #bej to #a 9 ,engl&1 habitual p]jury1 manufactur$ crime1 & blackmail+ by corrupt native police1 all de/ructive ( rural amity1 co-op]ation1 & indu/ry4 7#d7 ,taxation oppressive bo? 9 quantity & quality3 dem&$1 on pa9 ( eviction & imprisonm5t1 to be paid punctually & rigidly 9 ca%1 in/ead ( optionally or occasionally 9 k9d1 or flexible1 accord+ to ! v>iations ( ! seasons2 moreov]1 levi$ on salt1 rais+ ! price ( ?is necessity ( life at lea/ t5 times1 (t5 mu* m2 :5 precisely an abundant supply ( salt1 ) ! climate & diet ( ,india1 is a prime ne$ = m5 & cattle4 ,section #d4 ,,pov]ty ,,9 ,,fact ,,causes ,a ,,high ,,bir?-,,rate ,z w be %[n 9 ,*apt] ,v1 pov]ty is g5]ally ! cause & n ! result ( a high bir?-rate4 ,! ,mal?usian doctr9e has be5 & is to-day a b>ri] to social re=m1 because x implies t humane legislation1 by enc\rag+ population1 w ( necessity defeat ! aim ( ^? :o desire to improve ! conditions ( ! poor by me?ods o!r ?an ! practice ( artificial bir? control4 ,to a v great ext5t ,mal?usian tea*+ 0 responsible = ! ,poor ,law ( #ahcd1 ! mo/ sev]e 9 ,europe1 ! demoralis+ laxity ( ! old ,poor ,law be+ replac$ by degrad+ sev]ity4 ,aga91 z rec5tly z #ahii1 a ,secret>y ( ,/ate reit]at$ ! ,mal?usian doctr9e by expla9+ t great pov]ty ?r\gh\t ,india 0 due to ! increase ( population "u ! pax ,britannica4 ,n[ ! tru? is t if ! social conditions ( ! poor 7 improv$1 we h e reason to believe t _! bir?-rate w\ld be r$uc$1 because z civilisation 9 a community progresses !re is a natural decl9e 9 f]tility4 ,h5ce3 7a7 ,mal?usianism is an ,attack on ! ,poor ,bo? ! support]s & ! oppon5ts ( ,mal?us are (t5 mi/ak5 9 consid]+ 8 greate/ a*ievem5t to be a policy ( bir? control4 ,mal?us did a great] & a m evil ?+4 ,he =g$ a law ( nature1 namely1 t !re is always a limit$ & insuffici5t supply ( ! necessities ( life 9 ! _w4 ,f ?is false law he argu$ t1 z population increases too rapidly1 ! newcom]s _c hope to f9d a suffici5cy ( good ?+s2 t ! pov]ty ( ! masses is n due to conditions creat$ by man1 b to a natural law2 & t consequ5tly ?is law _c be alt]$ by any *ange 9 political in/itutions4 ,?is new doctr9e 0 eag]ly adopt$ by ! ri*1 :o 7 ?us enabl$ to argue t ,nature int5d$ t ! masses %\ld f9d no room at h] fea/2 & t !re=e our sy/em ( indu/rial capitalism 0 9 h>mony ) ! ,w ( ,god4 ,mo/ com=t+ dogma6 ,mo/ excell5t anodyne = consci5ce aga9/ acceptance ( ^? rights ( man t1 be+ ignor$1 f\nd t]rible expression 9 ! ,fr5* ,revolution6 ,)\t discussion1 )\t inve/igation1 & )\t pro(1 our pr(essors1 politicians1 lead]-writ]s1 & ev5 our well-mean+ sociali/s1 h accept$ z true ! b>e falsehood t !re is always an insuffici5t supply ( ! necessities ( life2 & to-day ?is h]esy p]meates all our practical politics4 ,9 giv+ ?is =g$ law ( nature to ! ri*1 ,mal?us robb$ ! poor ( hope4 ,su* 0 8 crime aga9/ humanity4 ,9 ! words ( ,?orold ,rog]s1 ,mal?usianism 0 "p & p>cel ( a conspiracy1 conceiv$ by ! law & c>ri$ out by p>ties int]e/$ 9 its success1 to *eat ! ,engli% workman ( 8 wages1 to tie him to ! soil1 to deprive him ( hope1 & to degrade him into imm$iate pov]ty4 ,:5 ,mal?usians ent] a slum = ! purpose ( prea*+ bir? control1 x is "r t ! p %\ld be told :at is writt5 on ! passports ( ^! /rang]s4 7b7 ,a ,h9drance to ,re=m ,! tea*+ ( bir? control among/ ! poor is 9 itself a crime1 because1 ap>t f ! evil practice1 ! p are ask$ to believe a lie1 namely1 t a high bir?-rate is ! cause ( pov]ty & t by means ( bir?-control _! circum/ances w be improv$4 ,by "o advocate ( bir? control ?is weak reason+ & inconsequ5tial s5tim5tality h actually be5 cr[d$ into ! compass ( a s+le s5t5ce3 ,we mu/ no long] be cont5t to rema9 indiff]5t & idle witnesses ( ! s5seless & un?9k+ procreat+ ( c\ntless wret*$ *ildr51 ^: p>5ts are diseas$ & vici\s4 #bb ,x is true t disease1 vice1 & wret*$ *ildr5 are ! sadde/ products ( our indu/rial sy/em2 x is also true t a helpless baby nev] yet 0 guilty ( expropriat+ l&1 ( build+ slums1 ( "u-pay+ ! work]s1 or ( rigg+ ! m>ket4 ,!re=e in/ead ( prev5t+ ! bir? ( *ildr5 we %\ld set ab\t to rectify ! evil conditions :i* make ! lives ( *ildr5 & adults unhappy4 ,l _m o!r policies advocat$ on behalf ( ! poor1 bir? control is immoral if only on ?is acc\nt1 t x di/racts att5tion f ! real causes ( pov]ty4 ,9 ,spa9 bir? control is n practis$4 ,i d n say !re is no pov]ty 9 t c\ntry1 b !re is no pov]ty t resembles ! hopeless gr9d+ pov]ty ( ! ,engli% poor4 ,= t /range disease1 artificial bir? control is a wor?less rem$y2 & x 7 f> bett] t we %\ld turn our att5tion to ! simple words ( ,c>d9al ,mann+3 ,!re is a natural & div9e law1 ant]ior & sup]ior to all human & civil law1 by :i* m5 h ! "r to live ( ! fruits ( ! soil on :i* !y are born1 & 9 :i* !y are buri$4 #bc 7c7 ,a ,quack ,rem$y = ,pov]ty ,artificial bir? control is "o ( ! _m quack rem$ies adv]tis$ = ! cure ( pov]ty1 & ,g4,k4 ,*e/]ton has giv5 ! f9al answ] to ! ,mal?usian ass]tion t "s =m ( bir? control is ess5tial because h\ses are sc>ce3 ,consid] t simple s5t5ce1 & y w see :at is ! matt] ) ! mod]n m9d4 ,i d n mean ! gr[? ( immorality2 ,i mean ! g5esis ( gibb]+ idiocy4 ,!re are t5 little boys :om y wi% to provide ) t5 top-hats2 & y f9d !re are only eight top-hats4 ,to a simple m9d x w\ld seem n impossible to make two m hats2 to f9d out ^: bus9ess x is to make hats1 & induce him to make hats2 to agitate aga9/ an absurd delay 9 deliv]+ hats2 to puni% anybody :o has promis$ hats & fail$ to provide hats4 ,! mod]n m9d is t :i* says t if we only cut (f ! heads ( two ( ! little boys1 !y w n want hats2 & !n ! hats w exactly g r\nd4 ,! sugge/ion t heads are r m important ?an hats is dismiss$ z a piece ( my/ical metaphysics4 ,! ass]tion t hats 7 made = heads1 & n heads = hats sav\rs ( antiquat$ dogma4 ,! mu/y text :i* says t ! body is m ?an raim5t2 ! popul> prejudice :i* w\ld pref] ! lives ( boys to ! ma!matical arrangem5t ( hats1--all ^! ?+s are alike to be ignor$4 ,! logic ( enlight5m5t is m]ciless2 & we duly summon ! headsman to disguise ! defici5cies ( ! hatt]4 ,= x makes v little diff]5ce to ! logic ( ! ?+1 t we are talk+ ( h\ses & n ( hats4444 ,! fundam5tal fallacy rema9s ! same2 t we are beg9n+ at ! wrong end1 because we h nev] tr\bl$ to consid] at :at end to beg94 #bd ,section #e4 ,,pov]ty ,,& ,,civilisation ,a mod]n writ] is burd5$ by _m words t c>ry an errone\s mean+1 & "o ( ^! is ! ^w civilisation4 ,int5d$ to mean ,! ,art ( ,liv+1 ?is ^w1 by wrong usage1 n[ implies t our me?od ( comb9+ m5tal culture & bodily com=t is ! highe/1 noble/1 & be/ way to live4 ,yet ?is implication is by no means c]ta94 ,on ! contr>y1 ! spectacle ( our social life w\ld br+ te>s to eyes undimm$ by ! indu/rial traditions ( ! pa/ hundr$ ye>s4 ,?is ,i "k to be true1 hav+ once travell$ to ,london 9 ! company ( a "y girl :o came f ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury4 ,%e _h liv$ "s twelve ye>s on ! ,l[ ,si]ra ( ,&alusia1 :]e 9 a small sunlit village %e may h va9ly imag9$ our capital to be a city ) walls ( ame?y/ & /reets ( gold1 = :5 ! tra9 pass$ ?r\gh t di/rict :i* lies to ! s\? ( ,wat]loo1 ! *ild wept4 ,look at ^! h\ses1 %e sobb$2 ,dios mio1 !y h no view4 ,footnote #ae3 ,memor&um issu$ by ! ,dom9ions ,royal ,commission1 ,decemb] #c1 #aiae 7p4 #b74 ,footnote #af3 ,pr9ce ,kropotk91 ,fields1 ,factories1 & ,work%ops1 #ahii1 *apt] iii4 ,footnote #ag3 ,vide ,! ,economic ,hi/ory ( ,irel& f ! ,union to ! ,fam9e1 by ,s4 ,o',bri5 7,longmans1 #aiba74 ,footnote #ah3 ,william ,cobbett1 ,social ,effects ( ! ,re=mation4 ,ca?olic ,tru? ,society 7,h4 #acb71 price #b;d4 ,footnote #ai3 ,quot$ by ,f4,p4 ,atk9son1 ,m4,d41 9 ,ed9burgh ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 ,septemb] #ahhj1 p4 #bbi4 ,footnote #bj3 ,ibid41 p4 #bcd4 ,footnote #ba3 ,*>les ,s4 ,devas1 ,political ,economy1 #aija1 p4 #aii4 ,footnote #bb3 ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 ,july #bc1 #aiba1 p4 #aca4 ,footnote #bc3 ,quot$ 9 ,tablet1 ,novemb] #e1 #aiba1 p4 #eih4 ,footnote #bd3 ,quot$ f ,am]ica1 ,octob] #bi1 #aiba1 p4 #ca4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,high ,,bir?-,,rates ,,n ,,! ,,cause ,,( ,,high ,,dea?-,,rates ,section #a4 ,,pov]ty ,,z ,,n[ ,,exi/+ ,! second cont5tion ( bir? controll]s is t a high bir?-rate1 by increas+ pov]ty1 causes a high dea?-rate4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 !re is no d\bt t pov]ty1 necess>y features ( :i* are mal-nutrition or insuffici5t food & bad h\s+1 is directly associat$ ) a high dea?-rate1 al?\gh ?is view 0 once %[n by ! ,lancet to ne$ important qualifications4 ,) respect to ! great] mortality among/ ! poor ?an ! ri*1 we h yet to le>n t ! only hope ( less5+ ! dea?-rate lies 9 dim9i%+ ! bir?-rate4 ,we h no pro( z yet t ! majority ( ! evils at pres5t surr\nd+ ! poor are necess>ily att5dant ^u pov]ty4 ,we h yet to see a poor population liv+ 9 dry1 well-dra9$1 well-v5tilat$ h\ses1 prop]ly suppli$ ) pure wat] & ! means ( disposal ( refuse4 ,& we h yet to become acqua9t$ ) a poor population sp5d+ _! scant e>n+s entirely1 or 9 a v l>ge proportion1 ^u ! necessities ( life2 = su* is n ! case :5 half ! e>n+s ( a family are ?r[n away to provide adult]at$ alcoholic dr9ks = "o memb] ( x4 ,until re=ms su* z ^! & o!rs h be5 c>ri$ out1 & ! poor are able & will+ to con=m to kn[n physiological laws1 x is premature to speak ( tak+ measures to less5 ! bir?-rate--a proposal1 be x said1 :i* makes ! humiliat+ confession ( man's defeat 9 ! battle ( life4 #be ,x w be se5 t ! qualifications practically remove ! "q f dispute4 #bf ,if ! conditions ( ! poor 7 ?us alt]$1 pov]ty1 z x exi/s to-day1 w\ld ( c\rse disappe>4 ,z ?+s are1 we f9d t a high dea?-rate is relat$ to pov]ty1 z is prov$1 = example1 by ! dea?-rate f tub]culosis be+ f\r times great] 9 slums ?an 9 ! be/ resid5tial qu>t]s ( a city4 ,! correct answ] to ! bir? controll]s is t a high bir?-rate is n ! cause ( a high dea?-rate1 because high bir?-rates1 z %[n 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 are n ! cause ( pov]ty1 b vice v]sa4 ,moreov]1 all ! /ati/ical evid5ce goes to prove t 9 ?is matt] we are "r & t ,mal?usians are wrong4 ,section #b4 ,,high ,,bir?-,,rate ,,n ,,! ,,cause ,,( ,,high ,,dea?-,,rate3 ,,prov$ ,,f ,,/ati/ics ,9 ,*9a1 :]e !re is said to be a bir?-rate ( ov] #ej p] #a1jjj1 & :]e ov] #gj p] c5t4 ( infants are help$ to die1 ! high dea?-rate is due cle>ly to degrad$ social cu/oms4 ,9 ! slums ( ,great ,brita9 ! high dea?-rate is also due to degrad$ social conditions4 ,x is n due to ! bir?-rate4 ,( ?is ! pro( is simple1 7a7 ,among ! ,fr5* ,canadians1 :]e ! av]age family numb]s ab\t n9e1 ?is high bir?-rate is n associat$ ) a high dea?-rate1 b ) ! increase ( a ?rifty1 h>d-work+ race4 ,9 ,ont>io ! bir?-rate w5t up f #ba4aj 9 #aiaj to #bd4g 9 #aiaa1 & ! dea?-rate fell f #ad to #ab4f4 7b7 ,aga91 9 #aiaa ! correct$ bir?-rate = ,connaught 0 #de4c z aga9/ a crude rate ( #bd4g = ,engl& & ,wales2 & 9 ,connaught1 :]e !re is no ne$ = ,societies = prev5t+ ,p>5ts be+ ,cruel to _! ,*ildr51 ! infant mortality rate #bg is v mu* l[] ?an 9 ,engl&1 al?\gh ! bir?-rate is mu* high] & ! pov]ty mu* great]4 ,9 ,brad=d1 a prosp]\s ,engli% t[n :i* pays p>ticul> att5tion to its mo!rs & *ildr51 ! infant mortality 9 #aiag 0 #acb p] #a1jjj & ! bir?-rate #ac4b4 ,9 ,connaught1 :]e !re are no mat]nity c5tres or o!r aids to survival1 b on ! contr>y a great de>? ( ! means ( well-be+1 ! infant mortality 0 only #ej1 :il/ ! bir?-rate 0 actually #de6 #bh ,s untrue is x to say t a high dea?-rate is due to a high bir?-rate4 ,section #c4 ,a ,,l[ ,,bir?-,,rate ,,no ,,gu>antee ,,( ,a ,,l[ ,,dea?-,,rate ,aga91 bir? controll]s claim t a l[ bir?rate leads to a l[ infant mortality rate4 ,n[1 x is really a v extraord9>y ?+ t1 :atev] be ! /atem5t made by a ,mal?usian on ! subject ( bir?-control1 ! v opposite is f\nd to be ! tru?4 ,dur+ ! la/ qu>t] ( la/ c5tury a fall+ bir?-rate 9 ,engl& 0 actually accompani$ by a ris+ infant mortality rate6 ,dur+ #aiah 9 ,irel& #bi ! crude bir?rate 0 #ai4i1 ) an infant mortality rate ( #hf1 :]eas 9 ,engl& & ,wales #cj ! crude bir?rate 0 #ag4g ) an infant mortality rate ( #ig1 & 9 ! nor!rn bor\ghs ! appall+ rate ( #abj4 ,9 ,engl& & ,wales ! l[e/ infant mortality rate 0 f\nd to be 9 ! s\!rn rural di/ricts1 :]e ! rate 0 #fc1 b 9 ,connaught ! rate 0 #ej4e4 ,?is means t 9 ,engl& a l[ bir?-rate is associat$ ) a high infant mortality rate1 :]eas 9 ,irel& a high bir?-rate is associat$ ) a l[ infant mortality rate4 #ca ,^! cold figures prove t 9 ?is matt] at lea/ ! poore/ ,iri% peasants are ri*] ?an ! p ( ,engl&4 ,section #d4 ,,vital ,,/ati/ics ,,( ,,france ,! ,mal?usian claim t a l[ bir?-rate leads to a l[ dea?-rate is also disprov$ by ! vital /ati/ics ( ,france4 ,! dea?-rate ( ,france has n decl9$ at ! same rate z ! bir?-rate has1 &1 :ile ! incid5ce ( mortality 9 ,france 0 equal to t ( ,engl& 9 ! middle ( ! sev5ties1 ! ,engli% mortality is n[ only five-sev5?s ( ! ,fr5*4 ,engl& ?us ma9ta9s a fair natural increase1 al?\gh ! bir?-rate has decl9$ at an ev5 fa/] pace ?an has be5 ! case 9 ,france4444 ,! ,fr5* dea?-rate is high] ?an is ! case ) mo/ ( h] neighb\rs1 & x c q well be r$uc$4 ,! reasons = h] fairly high mortality are n to be f\nd 9 climatic conditions1 racial *>act]i/ics1 or o!r un*angeable elem5ts ( nature1 nor ev5 9 h] occupations1 s9ce "s ( ! mo/ indu/rial regions h a l[ mortality4 #cb ,i h tabulat$ c]ta9 vital /ati/ics ( tw5ty ,dep>tm5ts ( ,france4 ,! foll[+ table1 cov]+ two p]iods ( five ye>s 9 tw5ty ,dep>tm5ts1 proves t ! dea?-rate 0 l[] 9 ! t5 ,dep>tm5ts hav+ ! highe/ bir?-rate 9 ,france ?an 9 ! t5 ,dep>tm5ts hav+ ! l[e/ bir?-rate4 ,,table ,i ,,! ,,t5 ,,dep>tm5ts ,,hav+ ,,! ,,highe/ ,,bir?-,,rate ,,france #aiji-aiac #aiae-aiai ,rates p] #a1jjj population ,/ill- ,rates p] #a1jjj bir?s population ,dep>tm5ts4 ,liv+ ,dea?s ,natural p] #ajjj ,bir?s dea?s bir?s increase bir?s ,moselle #bg4f #af4e #aa4a - #ad4g #ae4d ,f9i/re #bg4b #ah4a #i4a #d4j #ae4i #ah4b ,pas-de-,calais #bf4h #ag4d #i4d #d4b - - ,morbihan #be4g #ag4h #g4i #d4d #ae4j #ai4j ,ctes-du-,nord #bd4e #bj4f #c4i #d4b #ad4d #bj4j ,bas-,rh94 #bd4c #af4b #h4j - #ac4c #af4a ,meur!-et- ,moselle #bc4b #ai4b #d4j #d4c - - ,lozre #bb4f #ag4c #e4b #d4b #ab4d #ag4e ,haut-,rh94 #bb4d #af4j #f4d - #aj4c #ae4d ,vosges #bb4j #ah4g #c4c #d4g - - ,total ,av]ages #bd4f #ag4g #f4h #d4b #ac4g #ag4c ,,! ,,t5 ,,dep>tm5ts ,,hav+ ,,! ,,l[e/ ,,bir?-,,rate ,,9 ,,france ,cte-d',or4 #ae4d #ah4b -#b4h #c4a #i4i #bj4e ,alli]4 #ae4a #ae4g -#j4f #c4c #h4d #ah4h ,gironde #ae4a #ag4c -#b4b #d4e #aj4a #ba4b ,haute-,g>onne4 #ae4a #bj4d -#e4c #d4j #i4j #bb4e ,lot #ae4j #ba4j -#f4j #d4e #g4e #bj4f ,nivre #ad4i #ag4d -#b4e #c4b #h4h #bj4j ,t>n-et-,g>onne #ad4i #bj4a -#e4a #d4g #g4i #bj4g ,yonne #ad4d #ai4a -#d4g #c4h #h4i #bb4j ,lot-et-,g>onne #ac4g #ai4a -#e4d #d4d #g4d #bj4a ,g]s #ac4b #ai4b -#f4j #d4a #f4h #ai4h ,total ,av]ages #ad4f #ah4g -#d4j #c4i #h4d #bj4f ,moreov]1 ! figures %[ t1 prior to #aiad1 ! ,dep>tm5ts ) ! l[e/ bir?-rate 7 becom+ depopulat$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! enorm\s fall 9 ! bir?-rate ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry f #aiae to #aiai is a memorial1 v noble1 to ! h]oism ( ,france 9 ! ,great ,w>1 & to h] #a1age1jjj dead4 ,c]ta9 o!r facts %\ld also be not$4 ,9 ,france ! regulations p]mit t1 :5 a *ild has di$ be=e regi/ration ( ! bir?1 ?is may be record$ z a /ill-bir?2 & = t reason ! proportion ( /ill-bir?s appe>s high] ?an 9 mo/ o!r c\ntries4 ,mal?usian claims are ?us refut$ by ! vital /ati/ics ( ,france2 b x %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood t ^! figures d n prove t ! rev]se ( ! ,mal?usian !ory is true1 namely1 t a high bir?-rate is ! cause ( a l[ dea?-rate4 ,!re is no true correlation betwe5 bir?rates & dea?-rates4 ,section #e4 ,,coeffici5ts ,,( ,,correlation ,z bir? controll]s rely v mu* ^u /ati/ics1 & z figures may v easily mislead ! unw>y1 x is necess>y to po9t out t ! ,mal?usian cont5tion t a high bir?-rate is ! cause ( a high dea?-rate is n only contr>y to reason & to facts1 b is also contr>y to ! v figures :i* !y quote4 ,a high bir?-rate is (t5 associat$ ) a high dea?-rate1 b a g5]al or uni=m correspond5ce betwe5 bir?-rates & dea?-rates has nev] be5 e/abli%$ by mod]n /ati/ical me?ods4 ,to ^! me?ods brief ref]5ce may be made4 ,a coeffici5t ( correlation is a numb] int5d$ to indicate ! degree ( simil>ity betwe5 two ?+s1 or ! ext5t to :i* "o moves ) ! o!r4 ,if ?is coeffici5t is unity1 or #a1 x indicates t ! two ?+s are simil> 9 all respects1 :ile if x be z]o1 or #j1 x indicates t !re is no resemblance betwe5 !m4 ,! /udy ( correlation is a fir/ /ep to ! /udy ( causation1 because1 until we "k to :at ext5t two ?+s move toge!r1 x is useless to consid] :e!r "o causes ! movem5t ( ! o!r2 b 9 itself a coeffici5t ( correlation does n necess>ily indicate cause or result4 ,n[ 9 ?is c\ntry1 betwe5 #ahch & #aiab ! bir?-rate & ! dea?-rate %[ a correlation ( 4#hd2 b if t p]iod be split into two1 ! correlation f #ahch to #ahgf1 :5 ! bir?-rate 0 fluctuat+1 is m9us 4#ab1 & 9 ! p]iod aft] #ahgf ! correlation is plus 4#ib4 ,?is means t ! :ole ( ! positive correlation is due to ! fall+ ( ! dea?-rate1 & t bir?rates & dea?-rates d n ( necessity move toge!r4 #cc ,aft] a c>eful exam9ation ( ! vital /ati/ics = ,france1 ,knud ,/\man concludes z foll[s3 ,9 ,france no cle> correlation exi/s betwe5 ! bir?-rate & ! dea?-rate 9 ! v>i\s ,dep>tm5ts4 ,! coeffici5t ( correlation betwe5 ! bir?-rate & ! g5]al dea?-rate by ,dep>tm5ts 7#aiji-aiac7 0 #j4jfibj4ajfg1 & includ+ ,alsace & ,lorra9e--#j4jbabj4ajed1 indicat+ no correlation :atsoev]4 ,a some:at diff]5t & m int]e/+ table is obta9$ :5 ! correlation is made ) ! mortality at ea* age class3 ,,table ,,ii ,"u #a ye> #j4cfdg #j4jihf #a-ai ye>s #j4dhhd #j4jhaf #bj-ci ye>s #j4fbbh #j4jfef #dj-ei ye>s #j4ejbh #j4jhja #fj ye>s & ov] #j4begg #j4ajja ,a peculi> configuration is obs]v$ 9 ^! coeffici5ts 9 t a q pron\nc$ positive correlation exi/s at ! c5tral age gr\p1 b disappe>s ) "s regul>ity t[>ds bo? extremities ( life4 ,if ! mortality has any influ5ce ^u ! natality ?is _c be 9 ! =m ( replacem5t ( lo/ infants & deceas$ old p1 !re=e1 z has frequ5tly be5 sugge/$4 ,t a high dea?-rate at ! *ild-be>+ age %\ld be conducive to increas$ f]tility is absurd1 nei!r does x seem likely t a l>ge numb] ( *ildr5 %\ld make ! p>5ts m liable to diseases :i* are preval5t at ?is p]iod ( life4 ,! reasons mu/1 !n1 be look$ = 9 a common factor4 ,n[ ! only disease ( importance repres5t+ ! same age-curve z d ! correlation coeffici5ts is tub]culosis4 ,?is disease causes 9 ,france #b p] c5t4 ( ! dea?s "u "o ye>1 #bd p] c5t4 ( ! dea?s f #a to #ai ye>s ( age1 n less ?an #de p] c5t4 f #bj to #ci1 #ah p] c5t4 at ages #dj to #ei1 & less ?an #b p] c5t4 at ! ages ov] #fj4 ,w a high tub]culosis mortality1 !n1 be conducive to great f]tility1 or d we h to fe> t a decrease ( ! natality w be ! result ( en]getic measures aga9/ tub]culosis8 ,h>dly4 ,! dea?-rate may be r$uc$1 !n1 )\t detrim5tal effects ^u ! bir?-rate4 ,:at c ! factor be :i* influ5ces bo? ! tub]culosis incid5ce & ! bir?-rate8 ,we "k t ! preval5ce ( tub]culosis is condition$ pr9cipally by pov]ty & ignorance ( hygi5e4 ,! ,p>isian /ati/ics1 z compil$ by ,dr4 ,b]tillon & rec5tly by ,pr(essor ,l4 ,h]s*1 %[ a mu* high] bir?-rate 9 ! poor w>ds ?an 9 ! ri*] di/ricts1 & ! high bir?-rates may be furni%$ l>gely by ! poor] elem5ts ( ! population4 ,a com=table degree ( weal? does n imply a l[ bir?-rate1 z is abundantly %[n else:]e1 & "o ( ! important que/ions :i* sugge/ !mselves to ! ,fr5* /ati/ician & sociologi/ is evid5tly ! foll[+3 ,h[ c ! intellectual & economic /&>d ( ! masses be rais$ )\t detrim5t to ! natality8 ,we believe t ! "t is opportune = solv+ ?is "q4 ,! pa/ half-c5tury has be5 liv$ "u ! %ad[ ( defeat & ) a s5se ( limitations1 & ( impot5ce aga9/ fate4 ,?is nightm>e is n[ ?r[n (f1 &1 ! doors to ! _w be+ op5 & developm5t free1 ! ,fr5* p w le>n t new initiative has its full recomp5se & t a liv+ & a useful activity c be f\nd = all ! sons & daught]s !y may get4 ,! habit ( home-/ay+ is brok5 by ! w>1 & new & great und]tak+s are develop+ 9 ! ru9$ nor?-ea/ z well z 9 ! sunny s\?4 #cd ,footnote #be3 ,! ,lancet1 #ahgi1 vol4 ii1 p4 #gjc4 ,footnote #bf3 ,pov]ty is a t]m ( wide import admitt+ _m degrees accord+ z ! victim is depriv$ m or less completely ( ! ord9>y necessities 9 ! matt]s ( food1 clo?+1 h\s+1 education1 & recreation4 ,z us$ by ,mal?usians & spok5 ( "h x means p]si/5t lack ( "o or m ( ^! necess>y requisites = dec5t liv+4 ,vide ,p>k9son1 ,prim] ( ,social ,sci5ce 7#aiah71 pp4 #bbe sqq4 ,footnote #bg3 ,! infant mortality rate is ! numb] ( dea?s ( infants "u "o ye> old p] #a1jjj bir?s 9 ! same ye>4 ,footnote #bh3 ,see ,saleeby1 ,! ,factors ( ,infant ,mortality1 edit$ by ,cory ,bigg]4 ,report on ! ,physical ,welf>e ( ,mo!rs & ,*ildr51 vol4 iv1 ,irel& 7,c>negie ,u4,k4 ,tru/71 #aiah4 ,footnote #bi3 ,fifty-fif? ,annual ,report ( ! ,regi/r>-,g5]al = ,irel&1 conta9+ a ,g5]al ,ab/ract ( ! ,numb]s ( ,m>riages1 ,bir?s1 & ,dea?s1 #aiah1 pp4 x1 xxix1 & #bd4 ,footnote #cj3 ,eighty-fir/ ,annual ,report ( ! ,regi/r>-,g5]al ( ,bir?s1 ,dea?s1 & ,m>riages 9 ,engl& & ,wales1 #aiah1 pp4 xxiv1 xxxii1 & xxxv4 ,footnote #ca3 ,?is is also ! emphatic te/imony ( ,sir ,ar?ur ,new%olme1 9 8 ,report ( ,*ild ,mortality1 issu$ 9 connection ) ! ,=ty-fif? ,annual ,report ( ! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,bo>d 7dat$ #aia871 ,,pp4 #gg-h4 ,footnote #cb3 ,knud ,/\man1 ,! ,repopulation ( ,france1 ,int]national ,j\rnal ( ,public ,heal?1 vol4 ii1 no4 #d1 p4 #dba4 ,footnote #cc3 ,dr4 ,major ,gre5wood4 ,vide ,! ,decl9+ ,bir?-rate1 #aiaf1 p4 #acj4 ,footnote #cd3 ,int]national ,j\rnal ( ,public ,heal?1 vol4 ii1 no4 #d1 p4 #dbc4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,h[ ,,religion ,,affects ,,! ,,bir?rate ,section #a4 ,,fr5* ,,/ati/ics ,,mis9t]pret$ ,,by ,,mal?usians ,! fact t ,mal?usians are 9 ! habit ( cit+ ! bir?-rate 9 c]ta9 ,ca?olic c\ntries z a po9t 9 fav\r ( _! propag&a is only ano!r in/ance ( _! maladroit use ( figures3 because = t argum5t !re is n ! slighte/ ju/ification4 ,! foll[+ p>agraph f a rec5t spee* #ce 9 ! ,anglican ,*ur* ,congress by ,"l ,dawson1 ,physician to ! ,k+1 is a good example ( _! me?ods 9 controv]sy3 ,despite ! influ5ce & condemnations ( ! ,*ur*1 x 7artificial bir? control7 has be5 practis$ 9 ,france = well ov] half a c5tury1 & 9 ,belgium & o!r ,ca?olic c\ntries is ext5d+4 ,& if ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ) its compact organisation1 its p[] ( au?ority1 & its discipl9e1 _c *eck ?is proc$ure1 is x likely t ,prote/ant ,*ur*es w be able to d s8 ,= ,prote/ant religions dep5d = _! /r5g? on ! conviction & e/eem !y e/abli% 9 ! heads & he>ts ( _! p4 ,i h italicis$ ! clos+ words because x w\ld be int]e/+ to "k1 9 pass+1 :e!r anyone d5ies t ^! human influ5ces also contribute to ! /r5g? ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,among rec5t conv]ts to ! ,fai? 9 ?is c\ntry are _m ,prote/ant cl]gym5 :o may be presum$ to h kn[n :at claims on _! conviction & e/eem _! communion _h4 ,moreov]1 9 ,france1 among/ rec5t conv]ts are "s ( ! great intellects ( t c\ntry4 ,if x be n conviction & e/eem 9 _! heads & he>ts1 :at o!r motive1 ,i ask1 has induc$ ,huysmans1 ,b>rs1 & o!rs to make submission to ,rome8 ,secondly1 x is true t = ov] half a c5tury ! bir?-rate ( ,france has be5 fall+1 & t to "s ext5t ?is decl9e is due to ! use ( contraceptives2 b x is also true t dur+ ! pa/ fifty ye>s ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,france has made a det]m9$ b unsuccessful ef=t to ov]?r[ ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 & t x is 9 s f> z ! ,gov]nm5t has weak5$ ,ca?olic influ5ce & imp$$ ,ca?olic tea*+ t ! bir?-rate has fall54 ,! belief ( a nation w n influ5ce its de/9y unless t belief is reflect$ 9 ! actions ( ! citiz5s4 ,fa!r ,h]b]t ,?ur/on1 ,s4,j41 #cf ?us deals ) ! argum5t impli$3 ,ca?olicism :i* is m]ely ,ca?olicism 9 "n1 & :i* am\nts to no m 9 ! suppos$ believ] ?an a vague purpose ( s5d+ = a prie/ :5 he is dy+1 is n likely to h any re/ra9+ effect ^u ! decl9e ( ! bir?-rate4 ,fur!r1 x is precisely because a really practical ,ca?olicism lays su* re/rictions ^u fre$om 9 ?is & 9 o!r matt]s1 t memb]s ( ! educat$ & com=table classes1 ! m5 especially1 are prone to emancipate !mselves f all religi\s control ) an anti-cl]ical ranc\r h>dly kn[n 9 ,prote/ant l&s4 ,_h x n be5 = ^! defections f h] tea*+1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 9 mo/ c\ntries ( mix$ religion1 w\ld soon become pr$om9ant by ! m]e =ce ( natural f]tility4 ,ev5 z x is1 we believe t a c\ntry l ,france owes su* small measure ( natural increase z %e /ill reta9s almo/ entirely to ! religi\s pr9ciple ( ! fai?ful few4 ,:]e ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* pres]ves h] sway ov] ! he>ts ( m5 ! ma9t5ance ( a vigor\s /ock is assur$4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 x is notewor?y t ! bir?-rate v>ies ) practical ,ca?olicism 9 ,france1 be+ mu* high] 9 ^? ,dep>tm5ts :]e ! ,*ur* is m fl\ri%+4 ,z 0 %[n by ,pr(essor ,meyrick ,boo? 9 #aiad1 !re are c]ta9 di/ricts ( ,france :]e ! bir?-rate is high] ?an 9 ! usual ,engli% c\ntry di/ricts4 ,= example1 ! bir?-rate 9 ,f9i/re 0 #bg4a1 9 ,pas-de-,calais #bf4f1 & 9 ,morbihan #be4h4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 _m ,dep>tm5ts ! bir?-rate 0 l[] ?an ! dea?-rate4 ,?is occurr$1 = example1 9 ,lot1 ,haute ,g>onne1 ,t>n-et-,g>onne1 ,lot-et-,g>onne1 & 9 ,g]s4 ,9 ! two la/-nam$ ,dep>tm5ts ! bir?-rates 7 #ac4f & #ac4j respectively4 ,9 ! foll[+ table ,i h tabulat$ m rec5t figures conc]n+ ! vital /ati/ics 9 ^! two gr\ps ( ,dep>tm5ts1 & rates = ! two p]iods ( five ye>s1 #aiji-aiac1 & #aiae-aiai1 9 ea* gr\p are comp>$4 ,x w be not$ t 9 ! ?ree ,dep>tm5ts1 :]e practical ,ca?olicism is mo/ fl\ri%+1 ,,table ,,iii #aiji-aiac4 #aiae-aiai4 ,dep>tm5ts4 ,rates p] #ajjj ,/ill- ,dea?s ,rates p] #ajjj population ,bir?s "u population p] #a ye> ,liv+ ,dea?s ,national #ajjj p] ,bir?s ,dea?s ,bir?s ,increase ,bir?s #ajjj liv+ bir?s ,f9i/re4 #bg4b #ah4a #i4a #d4j #aaf4g #ae4i #ah4b ,pas-de-,calais #bf4h #ag4d #i4d #d4b #ace4c -- -- ,morbihan4 #be4g #ag4h #g4i #d4d #aac4g #ae4j #ai4j ,total ,av]ages4 #bf4e #ag4g #h4h #d4b #aba4i #ae4d #ah4f ,lot4 #ae4j #ba4j -#f4j #d4e #adh4j #g4e #bj4f ,haute ,g>onne4 #ae4a #bj4d -#e4c #d4j #aba4c #i4j #bb4e ,t>n-et-,g>onne #ad4i #bj4a -#e4a #d4g #acd4g #g4i #bj4g ,lot-et-,g>onne4 #ac4g #ai4a -#e4d #d4d #aab4j #g4d #bj4a ,g]s4 #ac4b #ai4b -#f4j #d4a #ajb4d #f4h #ai4h ,total ,av]ages4 #ad4c #ai4i -#e4e #d4c #abc4f #g4g #bj4g !re is a high bir?-rate1 & moreov] t 9 ^! ,dep>tm5ts bo? ! dea?-rate & ! infant mortality rate is l[] ?an 9 ! five ,dep>tm5ts ) ! l[e/ bir?-rate4 ,pr(essor ,meyrick ,boo?'s comm5ts are z foll[s3 ,! above five dep>tm5ts 79 :i* ! decl9e ( population has be5 mo/ m>k$7 are adjac5t to "o ano!r 9 ! f]tile valley ( ! ,g>onne1 "o ( ! weal?ie/ p>ts ( ,france2 & we may well ask3 ,:y %\ld ! bir?-rate "u su* fav\rable conditions be less ?an half t :i* is not$ = ! bleak di/rict ( ,f9i/re8 ,! not$ /ati/ician1 ,m4 ,l]oy-,beaulieu1 has "s int]e/+ obs]vations to (f] ^u ?is p>adoxical /ate ( ?+s4 ,consid]+ ! c\ntry 9 g5]al1 & ^! di/ricts 9 p>ticul>1 he notes t ! mo/ prolific p>ts ( ,france are ^? 9 :i* ! p h reta9$ _! allegiance to ! traditional ,*ur* 79 ! case ( ! ,pas-de-,calais we h a c]ta9 degree ( adh]5ce to ! or?odox fai? comb9$ ) ! pres5ce ( a l>ge m9+ population74 ,m4 ,l]oy-,beaulieu expresses ! op9ion t ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* t5ds1 by means ( its :ole atmosph]e1 to promote a g5]al increase ( population2 =1 m ?an o!r types ( ,*ri/ianity1 x condemns egoism1 mat]ialism1 & inord9ate ambition = self or family2 &1 moreov]1 x works 9 ! same direction ?r\gh its uncompromis+ condemnation ( mod]n ,mal?usian practices4 ,he draws our att5tion1 fur!r1 to ! new wave ( religi\s life :i* has swept ov] ! haute-b\rgeoisie ( ,france dur+ ! la/ few decades2 & he does n hesitate to connect ?is ) ! fact t ?is class is n[ "o ( ! mo/ prolific 7p]haps ! mo/ prolific7 9 ! nation4 ,space =bids my tak+ up ?is subject 9 detail1 b x appe>s f a consid]able body ( figures :i* h be5 collect$ t1 :ile ! av]age numb] ( *ildr5 born to ea* m>riage 9 ! ,engli% ,prote/ant upp] middle class is n m ?an ab\t #b4j to #b4e1 ! numb] born to ea* m>riage 9 ! correspond+ class 9 ,france is betwe5 #c4j & #d4j4 ,tak+ ! =ego+ facts into consid]ation1 x w\ld appe> t ,roman ,ca?olicism--ev5 9 ,france--is v consid]ably m prolific 7:]e ! belief ( ! p is at all deep7 ?an ,engli% ,prote/antism4 ,?is applies bo? to ! upp] & l[] classes4 #cg ,9 all probability ,"l ,dawson 0 unaw>e ( ! =ego+1 b !re is "o fact :i*1 z a ,neo-,mal?usian1 he ought to h kn[n1 because ! omission ( ?is fact 9 8 address is a s]i\s matt]4 ,:5 ref]r+ to ,france z a c\ntry :]e bir? control _h come to /ay1 ,"l ,dawson did n tell 8 audi5ce t ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,france has n[ suppress$ ! only ,mal?usian p]iodical 9 t c\ntry1 & has propos$ a law1 :]eby ^? :o engage 9 bir? control propag&a %all be imprison$4 ,section #b4 ,,evid5ce ,,f ,,holl& ,z reg>ds o!r c\ntries1 ,holl& is usually describ$ z ! ,mecca ( ,mal?usians1 be+ ! only c\ntry :]e ,neo-,mal?usianism has be5 giv5 ! opportunity ( dim9i%+ ! excessive bir?-rate on eug5ic l9es1 i4e4 9 ! r$uction ( ! f]tility ( ! poore/ classes1 #ch & :]e a consid]able rise 9 ! wages & g5]al prosp]ity appe>s to h tak5 place side by side ) an unprec$5t$ increase ( population4 ,:5 we come to inve/igate ?is claim we f9d t1 ( ! elev5 prov9ces ( ,holl&1 two are almo/ entirely ,ca?olic1 ^! be+ ,nor? ,brabant1 ) #fdi1jjj inhabitants1 & ,limburg1 ) #ceh1jjj inhabitants4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ,friesl&1 ) #cff1jjj inhabitants1 n m ?an #h p] c5t1 are ,ca?olics4 ,! vital /ati/ics = #aiac are quot$ by ,fa!r ,?ur/on1 ,s4,j43 444 ,we f9d t 9 ,limburg ! crude bir?-rate is #cc4d1 9 ,nor? ,brabant x is #cb4e1 b 9 ,friesl& x is #bd4c4 ,( c\rse1 ?is is n ! beg9n+ & end ( ! matt]4 ,9 ,nor? ,brabant ! dea?-rate is #af4cf1 9 ,limburg x is #ae4bh1 9 ,friesl& x is only #aa4ba1 b ! fact rema9s t 9 ! two ,ca?olic prov9ces ! natural increase is #af4ag & #ah4ae1 :ile 9 ! non-,ca?olic prov9ce ( ,friesl& x is #ac4ae4 ,fur!r1 no "o c d\bt t 9 su* d5sely populat$ di/ricts z ,nor? & ,s\? ,holl& & ,geld]l& ! ,ca?olics1 :o numb] m ?an #be p] c5t1 ( ! inhabitants1 ex]cise a p]ceptible influ5ce 9 rais+ ! bir? figures = ! :ole k+dom4 ,! results w\ld be v diff]5t if ! entire c\ntry adopt$ ,neo-,mal?usian pr9ciples4 #ci ,section #c4 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,z 0 prov$ by ! c5sus ( religions 9 #aijf1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,am]ica is becom+ a great /ronghold ( ! ,fai?4 ,9 ,massa*usetts ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* numb]$ #a1ajj1jjj memb]s1 :]eas ! total memb]%ip ( all ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es 0 #dej1jjj4 ,9 ,ill9ois !re 7 ab\t #cjj1jjj ,me?odi/s & #a1jjj1jjj ,ca?olics4 ,!re 7 #b1cjj1jjj ,ca?olics 9 ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 & ab\t #cjj1jjj ,me?odi/s1 :ile no o!r ,prote/ant ,*ur* numb]$ m ?an #bjj1jjj4 ,! ,new ,engl& ,/ates1 once ! home ( ,am]ican ,puritanism1 are n[ great c5tres ( ,ca?olicism4 ,pr(essor ,meyrick ,boo? #dj expla9s ?is rem>kable *ange z be+ due to two causes3 7#a7 ,! influx ( l>ge numb]s ( ,european ,ca?olics1 :o cl+ t5aci\sly to _! religion2 7#b7 ! great] f]tility ( ^! /ocks z comp>$ ) ! native population4 ,moreov]1 he has tabulat$ ! foll[+ /ati/ics3 ,,table ,,iv ,/ate4 ,population ,*ief ,religi\s ,bodies ,bir?s ,bir? 7#aijf7 ,dea?s rate p] 7b4 & d47 #a1jjj ,indiana #b1gjj1jjj ,me?odi/ #bcc1jjj b4 #cf1jjj #ac4j ,prot4 ,episcopalian #ajb1jjj d4 #cf1ejj ,disciples #aah1jjj ,r4,c4 #age1jjj ,i[a4 #b1bbd1jjj ,me?odi/ #afd1jjj b4 #cf1jjj #af4j ,lu!ran #aag1jjj d4 #bj1jjj ,presbyt]ian #fj1jjj ,r4,c4 #bjg1jjj ,m>yl&4 #a1bie1jjj ,me?odi/ #acg1jjj b4 #ai1jjj #ae4j ,prot4 ,episcopalian #ce1jjj d4 #bj1jjj ,bapti/ small]1 ab\t #ajj1jjj ,r4,c4 #afg1jjj ,cali=nia4 #b1cgg1jjj ,r4,c4 #ced1jjj b4 #cb1ajj #ad4j ,prot4 bodies ab\t d4 #cb1djj 7,all ,*ur*es weak7 #bej1jjj ,k5tucky #b1bij1jjj ,bapti/ #cab1jjj b4 #ce1jjj #ae4j ,me?odi/ #aef1jjj d4 #ah1jjj ,r4,c4 #aff1jjj ,9 ^! ,/ates ! bir?-rate is l[2 9 ?ree !re are actually m dea?s ?an bir?s2 & 9 all five ! proportion ( ,ca?olics is comp>atively small4 ,^! ,/ates may be comp>$ ) five o!rs1 9 :i* ! ,ca?olic & ! =eign elem5ts are well repres5t$3 ,,table ,v ,/ate4 ,population ,*ief ,religi\s ,bir? & ,bir?rate 7#aiaj7 ,bodies ,dea?s p] #ajjj ,new ,york4 #i1aac1jjj ,r4,c4 #b1bhj1jjj b4 #bac1jjj #bb4j ,jews 787 #a1jjj1jjj d4 #adg1jjj ,me?odi/ #cjj1jjj ,presbyt]ian #bjj1jjj ,rhode ,isl& #edj1jjj ,r4,c4 #afj1jjj b4 #ac1jjj #bd4j ,bapti/ #bj1jjj d4 #h1jjj ,prot4 ,episcopalian #ae1jjj ,massa*usetts #c1ccf1jjj ,r4,c4 #a1jhj1jjj b4 #hd1jjj #be4j ,congregational #abj1jjj d4 #ea1jjj ,bapti/ #hj1jjj ,all ,prote/ants toge!r #dej1jjj ,mi*igan #b1hjj1jjj ,r4,c4 #dij1jjj b4 #fd1jjj #bc4j ,me?odi/ #abh1jjj d4 #cf1jjj ,lu!ran #aje1jjj ,connecticut #a1aad1jjj ,r4,c4 #cjj1jjj b4 #bg1jjj #bd4j ,congregational #ff1jjj d4 #ag1jjj ,prot4 ,episcopalian #cg1jjj ,9 ^! ,/ates ! bir?-rate is v mu* high] ?an 9 ! =m]4 ,fur!rmore1 a ,new ,york pap] #dj inve/igat$ ! bir?-rate 9 t city ) special ref]5ce to religi\s belief1 & conclud$ t ! diff]5t bodies c\ld be grad$ z foll[s ) respect to ! numb] ( *ildr5 p] m>riage3 7#a7 ,jews1 7#b7 ,ca?olics1 7#c7 ,prote/ants 7,or?odox71 7#d7 ,prote/ants 7,lib]al71 & 7#e7 ,agno/ic4 ,pr(essor ,meyrick ,boo?1 :o is himself a ,prote/ant1 concludes 8 survey ( ! evid5ce z foll[s3 look+ at ! situation z a :ole1 !re is good reason to ?9k t ! ,prote/ant ,anglo-,saxons are n only los+ gr\nd relatively1 b mu/1 at any rate 9 ! ,ea/ & middle ,ea/1 be suff]+ an actual decrease on a l>ge scale4 ,= x has be5 %[n by m ?an "o sociologi/ 7see1 = example1 ! /atem5t 9 ,! ,family & ! ,nation7 t no /ock c ma9ta9 itself ) an av]age ( less ?an ab\t f\r *ildr5 p] m>riage1 & f all available data 7x has n be5 f\nd possible to obta9 def9ite figures = mo/ ( ! ,we/]n & ,s\!rn ,/ates7 we mu/ see t ! av]age f]tility ( ea* m>riage 9 ?is section ( ! ,am]ican p falls f> %ort ( ! requisite f\r *ildr54 ,judg+ by all ! figures at h&1 ! mod]n ,anglo-,saxon ,am]ican1 ) 8 high /&>d ( com=t1 8 int5sely individuali/ic outlook on life1 & 8 intellectual & emancipat$ b *ild-refus+ wife1 is be+ gradually ?ru/ aside by ! upgr[? ( new masses ( p ( simpl] ta/es & h>di] & m natural habits4 ,&1 :at is ( peculi> int]e/ to u1 ?is new population w c>ry into asc5dancy ^? religi\s & moral beliefs :i* h m\ld$ its type ( life4 ,! victory w be1 n to ^? religi\s beliefs :i* mo/ closely correspond to c]ta9 requirem5ts ( ! ab/ract intellect1 b to ^? :i* give rise1 9 practice1 to a mode ( life t is simple1 natural1 unselfi%1 & adequately prolific--9 o!r words1 to a mode ( life t works1 t is ,leb5sfhig4 #da ,z ?+s are1 ! orig9al ,prote/ant /ock ( ,am]ica is be+ swamp$ by ! gr[? ( ! ,ca?olic1 ! ,jewi%1 & ! ,negro population4 ,moreov]1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is fac$ by ! grave problem ( a rapidly increas+ col\r$ race4 ,despite ?is fact ! ,am]ican ,mal?usians are n[ dem&+ t a ,national ,bureau %\ld be e/abli%$ to dissem9ate in=mation reg>d+ contraceptives ?r\gh\t _! c\ntry6 ,& :at ( ! o!r re=m]s8 ,!y also are v busy4 ,!y h already aboli%$ ^? *e]+ bev]ages f grapes & gra91 or r !y h made alcohol "o ( ! surreptiti\s privileges ( ! ri*4 ,!y are seek+ to en=ce ! ,sabba? z a day ( absolute re/1 n = ! glory ( ,god b 9 ord] t tir$ wage-slaves may h _! /r5g? r5ew$ = ano!r week ( toil 9 ! factories & ! mills4 ,aga91 !y w\ld uproot f ! homely e>? t pleasant we$ ^: leaves h made slaves ( millions s9ce ! days ( ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh4 ,all ^! ?+s w\ld !y d4 ,!re are "s ?+s ! re=m]s h n done1 & ^! ?+s are rec\nt$ by an ,am]ican writ]1 ,dr4 ,an?ony ,m4 ,b5$ik3 ,! divorce p]il1 ! race-suicide evil1 ! gre$ = ill-gott5 gold1 ?+s l ^! ! re=m]s t\* n4 ,& ^! ?+s x is :i* h>m ! s\l4 ,aboli%+ ! use ( alcoholic dr9ks & ( tobacco1 putt+ ! blue laws into effect1 suppress+ all r\gh sports1 may make a clean]1 m sanit>y1 m hygi5ic1 a quiet] _w4 ,& yet !re keep recurr+ to m9d ^? words ( ! ,ma/] ( mank9d1 ',:at do? x pr(it a man if he ga9 ! _w & suff] ! loss ( 8 s\l8' ,:at wor?y ex*ange c a man make = 8 s\l8 #db ,on ! o!r h&1 x is good to read t ! ,gov]nor ( ,new ,york has rec5tly sign$ a bill mak+ x a misdemean\r = l&lords to refuse to r5t ap>tm5ts to families 9 :i* !re are *ildr54 ,9 t ,/ate *ildr5 ?us rega9 equal rights ) dogs1 cats1 & can>ies4 ,is x too mu* to ask ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons t !y %\ld pass a simil> law8 ,we %all see4 ,! dang]s ( bir? control 7 app>5t to t great ,am]ican1 ,!odore ,roosevelt1 :5 he said3 ,! greate/ ( all curses is ! curse ( /]ility1 & ! sev]e/ ( all condemnations %\ld be t visit$ ^u wilful /]ility4 ,! fir/ ess5tial 9 any civilisation is t ! man & ! woman %all be ! fa!r & ! "m ( heal?y *ildr51 s t ! race %all increase & n decrease4 #dc ,section #d4 ,,! ,,same ,,results ,,9 ,,engl& ,on a small] scale ! position is ! same 9 ,engl& & ,wales1 :]e ,ca?olicism has probably *eck$ to "s ext5t ! g5]al decl9e ( ! bir?-rate4 ,9 #aiai !re 7 only six t[ns 9 ,engl& #dd ) a bir?-rate ( ov] #be p] #a1jjj1 ^! be+ ,/4 ,hel5s 7#be4f71 ,gate%ead 7#be4i71 ,s\? ,%ields 7#bf4i71 ,sund]l& 7#bg4a71 ,tynem\? 7#be4i71 & ,middlesbr\gh 7#bf4g74 ,n[ 9 ^! t[ns ! ,ca?olic elem5t is v /rong4 ,dur+ ! same ye> 9 ! f\r regi/ration c\nties 9 :i* ^! t[ns are situat$1 a l>g] proportion ( m>riages 7 celebrat$ accord+ to ! rites ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome ?an 9 ! o!r c\nties ( ,engl& & ,wales4 #de ,! actual proportion ( ,ca?olic m>riages p] #a1jjj ( all m>riages 9 ^! f\r c\nties 03 ,lanca%ire #aaf1 ,durham #ii1 ,nor?umb]l& #ib1 & ! ,nor? ,rid+ ( ,york%ire #ib4 ,t gives a fair index ( ! /r5g? ( ! ,ca?olic population4 ,aga9 9 #aiai we f9d t ,pre/on1 a textile t[n1 has a bir?-rate ( #ag4a1 :]eas two o!r textile t[ns1 ,brad=d & ,halifax1 h rates ( #ac4d & #ac4a respectively3 & !re c be little d\bt t ! relative sup]iority ( ,pre/on is ma9ly ow+ to h] l>ge ,ca?olic population4 ,! actual bir?-rate among/ ,ca?olics 9 ,engl& may be e/imat$ f in=mation conta9$ 9 ,! ,ca?olic ,directory = #aiad4 ,z t "w gives ! ,ca?olic population & ! numb] ( infant baptisms dur+ ! previ\s ye> 9 ea* diocese ( ,great ,brita91 & z ,ca?olic *ildr5 are always baptiz$ soon aft] bir?1 x is possible to e/imate ! bir?-rate ( ! ,ca?olic population4 ,work+ on ^! figures ,pr(essor ,meyrick ,boo? #df has publi%$ ! foll[+ table3 ,,table ,,vi ,diocese4 ,bir?-rate p] #a1jjj ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic population4 ,m5evia 7,wales7 #de4b ,middlesbr\gh #ch4j ,le$s #db4j ,liv]pool #dj4j ,newport #ec4j ,nor?ampton #cc4j ,plym\? #bf4j ,%rewsbury #ch4j ,s\?w>k #ci4,o ,we/m9/] #cf4j ---- ,av]age #ch4f ---- ,dur+ ! same p]iod ! g5]al bir?-rate among/ ! :ole population ( ,engl& & ,wales 0 ab\t #bd p] #a1jjj4 ,& figures t are ev5 m rem>kable h be5 publi%$ by ,mr4 ,w4,c4,d4 ,:e?am & ,mrs4 ,:e?am4 #dg ,^! writ]s1 hav+ inve/igat$ ! numb] ( *ildr5 9 ! families ( ! l&$ g5try1 %[ t ! bir?-rate among/ ! ari/ocracy has decl9$4 ,a hundr$ f]tile m>riages = ea* decade f #ahca to #ahij h be5 tak5 consecutively f ^? families :o h held _! title to nobility = at lea/ two prec$+ g5]ations1 ?us exclud+ ! m mod]n comm]cial middle-class elem5t 9 ! pres5t ,pe]age1 :i* c be bett] dealt ) else:]e4 ,we !n get ! full effect ( h]$it>y /ability & a secure position1 & d away ) any di/urb+ influ5ce t might occur f a sudd5 rise to prosp]ity4 #dh ,! results 7 z foll[s3 ,ref]5ce3 ,population ,ye>4 ,numb] ( *ildr5 to ea* f]tile m>riage4 #ahca-dj #g4a #ahda-fj #f4a #ahga-hj #d4cf #ahha-ij #c4ac ,! bir?-rate among/ ?irty families ( ! l&$ g5try1 :o 7 kn[n to be def9itely ,ca?olic1 0 also inve/igat$1 ) ! foll[+ results3 ,ye>s4 ,numb] ( *ildr5 to ea* f]tile m>riage4 #ahga-ij #f4f 7z comp>$ ) #c4gd = ! l&$ families z a :ole dur+ ! same p]iod47 ,! int]pretation ( ^! figures is n a matt] ( fai?1 b ( reason4 ,i submit t ! facts are prima facie evid5ce t by obs]vance ( ! moral law1 z taught by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ev5 a highly cultur$ community is enabl$ to escape ^? dang]s ( ov]-civilisation t lead to dim9i%$ f]tility & consequ5tly to national decl9e4 ,! tru? ( ?is /atem5t has be5 freely ackn[l$g$ by _m ,anglicans4 ,accord+ to ,canon ,edw>d ,lyttelton3 ,! discipl9e ( ! ,roman ,communion prohibits ! artificial prev5tion ( conception1 h5ce ,irel& is ! only "p ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom 9 :i* ! bir?-rate has n decl9$1 & ! decl9e is lea/ 9 places l ,liv]pool & ^? di/ricts :]e ,roman ,ca?olics are mo/ num]\s4 ,z we h already se51 !re are also o!r reasons :y ,ca?olicism pres]ves ! f]tility ( a nation4 ,)\t wi%+ to hurt ! feel+s ( ! mo/ s5sitive mat]iali/1 x is necess>y to po9t out t1 ap>t altoge!r f ! "q z to :e!r ! *ief or imm$iate cause ( a decl9+ bir?-rate is ! practice ( artificial bir? control1 or1 z seems to be possible1 a g5]al l[]+ ( f]tility1 bir?-rates are m dep5d5t on morals & religion ?an on race & c\ntry4 ,dur+ ! pa/ c5tury irreligion spread ?r\gh\t ,france1 & ! bir?-rate fell f #cb4b1 dur+ ! fir/ decade ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 to #bj4f1 dur+ ! fir/ t5 ye>s ( ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,9 ,am]ica1 among/ ! desc5dants ( ! ,new ,engl& ,puritans a decay ( religion & morals has also be5 accompani$ by a dw9dl+ bir?-rate4 ,! decl9e ( ! orig9al ,new ,engl& /ock 9 ,am]ica has be5 mask$ to "s ext5t by ! high bir?-rate among/ ! immigrant population2 b nev]!less x is app>5t 9 ! ,c5sus ,returns = #ahij1 :5 a population ( #fe1jjj1jjj 0 expect$ & only #fb1ejj1jjj 0 return$4 ,moreov]1 !re is ample evid5ce 9 hi/ory t1 :]ev] ! ,*ri/ian ideal ( a family has be5 ab&on$1 a race is nei!r able to return to ! family life ( heal?y pagan civilisations nor to escape decay4 ,dur+ ! pa/ fifty ye>s 9 ,engl& family life has be5 def9itely weak5$ by increas$ facilities = divorce among/ ! ri*1 by ! disc\ragem5t ( p>5tal au?ority among/ ! poor1 & by ! neglect ( all religi\s tea*+ 9 ! s*ools4 ,& ?us1 9 ! words ( ,*>les ,devas1 ,we h ( late ye>s1 ) p]v]se +5uity1 be5 prep>+ ! way = ! l[ bir?-rate ( irreligion & ! high dea?-rate ( civil disord]4 #di ,! bir?-rate 9 ,engl& & ,wales rea*$ its highe/ po9t1 #cf4c1 9 #ahgf1 & has gradually fall5 to #ah4e 9 #aiai4 ,dur+ ! fir/ two qu>t]s ( t ye> ! rate 0 ! l[e/ yet record$4 ,dur+ ! pre-w> ye>1 #aiac1 ! rate 0 #bd4a4 ,9 conclusion1 ! foll[+ /atem5ts by a ,prote/ant writ] are ( int]e/3 ,judg+ f a numb] ( figures :i* _c be quot$ "h1 ow+ to consid]ations ( space1 x w\ld seem t ! ,engli% middle-class bir?-rate has fall5 to ! ext5t ( ov] #ej p] c5t4 dur+ ! la/ =ty ye>s2 & we h actual figures %[+ t ! well-to-d artisan bir?-rate has decl9$1 9 ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 by #eb p] c5t46 ,see+ t ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es draw _! memb]s ma9ly f ^! v classes1 we h n f> to seek = an explanation ( ! empty ,sunday ,s*ools4444 ,"u ^! circum/ances x is n 9 ! lea/ necess>y = ,prote/ant m9i/]s & cl]gym5 to ca/ ab\t !m = evid5ce ( ,jesuit ma*9ations :]e) to expla9 ! decl9e ( ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es 9 ?is c\ntry6 ,let !m r look at ! empty cradles 9 ! homes ( _! own congregations6 #ej ,! au?or ( ! above-quot$ p>agraphs ?us attributes ! decl9e bo? ( ! bir?-rate & ( ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es to ! g5]al adoption ( artificial bir? control4 ,) t explanation ,i disagree1 because x puts ! horse beh9d ! c>t4 ,:5 ! ,prote/ant fai? 0 /rong ! bir?-rate ( ?is c\ntry 0 z high z t ( ,ca?olic l&s4 ,! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es h n[ be5 ov]%ad[$ by a rebir? ( ,rationalism1 a gr[? = :i* !y !mselves prep>$ ! soil3 & dim9i%$ f]tility is ! natural product ( a civilisation t5d+ t[>ds mat]ialism4 ,al?\gh ! practice ( artificial bir? control mu/ obvi\sly contribute t[>ds a fall+ bir?-rate1 x is nei!r ! only nor ! ultimate cause ( ! decl9e4 ,! ultimate causes ( a fall+ bir?-rate are m complex1 & ! decl9e ( a community is b ! physical expression ( a moral *ange4 ,t is my !sis4 ,footnote #ce3 ,ev5+ ,/&>d1 ,octob] #ab1 #aiba4 ,footnote #cf3 ,! ,decl9+ ,bir?-rate 9 ,! ,mon?1 ,augu/ #aiaf1 p4 #aeg1 repr9t$ by ,c4,t4,s4 ,price #b;d4 ,footnote #cg3 ,religi\s ,belief z affect+ ! ,gr[? ( ,population1 ,! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal1 ,octob]1 #aiad1 p4 #add4 ,footnote #ch3 ,! ,secret>y ( ! ,mal?usian ,league4 ,vide ,! ,decl9+ ,bir?-rate1 #aiaf1 p4 #ii4 ,footnote #ci3 ,! ,mon?1 ,augu/ #aiaf1 p4 #aeg1 ,c4,t4,s43 #b;d4 ,footnote #dj3 ,! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal1 ,octob] #aiad1 p4 #adg4 ,footnote #da3 ,! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal1 ,octob] #aiad1 p4 #aej4 ,footnote #db3 ,race-suicide & ,dr4 ,bell1 ,am]ica1 ,octob] #bi1 #aiba1 p4 #ca4 ,footnote #dc3 ,daily ,*ronicle1 ,april #be1 #aiaj4 ,footnote #dd3 ,eighty-second ,annual ,report ( ! ,regi/r>-,g5]al ( ,bir?s1 ,dea?s1 & ,m>riages 9 ,engl& & ,wales1 #aiai1 p4 #hi4 ,footnote #de3 ,ibid41 p4 xxvi4 ,footnote #df3 ,! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal1 ,octob] #aiad1 p4 #ada4 ,footnote #dg3 ,! ,family & ! ,nation1 #aiji1 pp4 #aci1 #adb4 ,footnote #dh3 ,quot$ 9 ,univ]se1 ,octob] #bb1 #aiba4 ,footnote #di3 ,*>les ,s4 ,devas1 ,political ,economy1 #bnd edition1 #aija1 p4 #aic4 ,footnote #ej3 ,meyrick ,boo?1 ,b4 ,sc41 ,ph4,d41 ,! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal1 ,octob] #aiad1 pp4 #adb & #aeb4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,is ,,!re ,a ,,natural ,,law ,,regulat+ ,,! ,,proportion ,,( ,,bir?s ,,& ,,dea?s8 ,section #a4 ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,?omas ,,d\bl$ay ,,reviv$ ,9 #ahcg ,?omas ,d\bl$ay #ea ma9ta9$ t ! ris+ bir?-rate ( 8 own "t 0 closely connect$ ) ! fall 9 ! /&>d ( liv+1 & 8 argum5t impli$ t1 9 ord] to *eck ! excessive bir?-rate1 x 0 necess>y to improve ! condition ( ! mass ( ! p4 ,f\r ye>s lat] he publi%$ ,! ,true ,law ( ,population1 :]e9 he /at$ t :5 ! exi/5ce ( a species is endang]$-- ,a correspond+ ef=t is inv>iably made by ,nature = its pres]vation & cont9uance by an increase ( f]tility1 & t ?is especially takes place :5ev] su* dang] arises f a dim9ution ( prop] n\ri%m5t or food1 s t consequ5tly ! /ate ( depletion or ! deple?oric /ate is fav\rable to f]tility1 & t1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ple?oric /ate1 or /ate ( repletion1 is unfav\rable to f]tility 9 ! ratio ( ! int5sity ( ea* /ate4 ,by a s]ies ( exp]im5ts on plants ,d\bl$ay discov]$ t :atev] might be ! pr9ciple ( manure1 an ov]dose ( x inv>iably induc$ /]ility 9 ! plant4 ,al?\gh 8 =mula is defici5t 9 t food is select$ z ! "o factor 9 environm5t :i* influ5ces f]tility1 & al?\gh x may be an ov]/atem5t to claim t f]tility v>ies 9 exact proportion to abundance or to sc>city1 nev]!less 8 =mula conta9s an important tru? :i* lit]ally knocks ! bottom out ( ! :ole ,mal?usian case4 ,x is a sad reflection t1 :ile ! falsehoods ( ,mal?us h be5 bl9dly accept$ = ! great] "p ( a c5tury1 ! "w ( ,d\bl$ay 0 almo/ lo/ 9 oblivion4 ,8 %ade has n[ be5 recall$ to ! full c5tre ( ! /age1 & = ?is ! cr$it is due to ,mr4 ,c4,e4 ,pell4 ,8 rec5t book #eb is a /imulat+ essay on ! decl9+ bir?-rate1 & conta9s mu* evid5ce t supports ! ma9 cont5tion ( ,d\bl$ay4 ,al?\gh x is impossible to agree ) all ! d$uctions made by ,mr4 ,pell1 he has nev]!less done a public s]vice by re/at+ ! problem ( ! bir?-rate 9 a new way1 by effectively bur/+ ! ,mal?usian bubble1 & by tabulat+ fre% evid5ce aga9/ ! bir?-controll]s4 ,section #b4 ,,mr4 ,,pell',s ,,g5]alisations ,,criticis$ ,mr4 ,pell def9es ! law ( bir?s & dea?s 9 two g5]alisations4 ,! fir/ is3 ,we h se5 t x is a necess>y condition ( ! success ( ! evolution>y s*eme t ! v>iation ( ! inh]it$ pot5tial degree ( f]tility betwe5 species & species mu/ be> an inv]se proportion to _! capacity = survival4 #ec ,at fir/ glance ?is /atem5t appe>s h>d to be und]/ood2 b x is obvi\sly true--because x means t a species t is well adapt$ to its environm5t c survive ) a l[ degree ( f]tility1 :]eas a species t is n well adapt$ to its environm5t requires a high degree ( f]tility 9 ord] to survive4 ,mr4 ,pell consid]s t a capacity = survival is synonym\s ) n]v\s en]gy2 b1 z our total k ( n]v\s en]gy is limit$ to ! fact t x is nei!r matt] nor any kn[n =ce1 ! *ange 9 words does n m>k a real advance 9 k4 ,! second g5]alisation is t ! v>iation ( ! degree ( animal f]tility 9 response to ! direct action ( ! environm5t %all be> an inv]se proportion to ! v>iation ( ! survival capacity "u t environm5t4 #ed ,"h ,mr4 ,pell & ,i "p company4 ,i h already 7,*apt] ,,iii7 disput$ ! causal connection betwe5 bir?-rate & dea?-rate :i* ,mr4 ,pell "h ass]ts4 ,8 g5]alisation is made by assum+ t bir?-rates & dea?-rates rise & fall toge!r3 t conditions :i* produce a high dea?-rate w also produce a high bir?-rate & t conditions :i* cause a l[ dea?-rate w also cause a l[ bir?-rate2 t ! increase or decl9e ( a population is due to ! direct action ( ! environm5t2 & f9ally t ! actual degree ( f]tility is decid$ by ! direct action ( ! environm5t4 #ee ,on t la/ rock ,mr4 ,pell's b>que s9ks4 ,! mi/ake "h is analog\s to ! old ,d>w9ian fallacy1 ab&on$ by ,huxley & by ,romanes1 t natural selection is a creative cause ( new species4 ,ev5 if ! hypo!sis ( evolution--& x is m]ely a hypo!sis--be accept$1 ! only view w>rant$ by reason is t v>iation ( species & _! actual degree ( f]tility may be produc$1 n by ! direct action ( environm5t1 b by ! reaction ( species to _! environm5t--a v diff]5t /ory4 ,!re is no /ati/ical evid5ce to prove a uni=m correspond5ce betwe5 bir?-rates & dea?-rates1 & x is improbable t !re %\ld be a physical law ( nature ^: op]ations _c be demon/rat$ by ma!matical pro(4 ,moreov]1 we "k t ! same conditions :i* cause a high bir?-rate may cause a l[ dea?-rate4 ,9 ! case ( ! fir/ settl]s 9 a new c\ntry ! dea?-rate is l[ because ! diseases ( civilisation are abs5t & ! settl]s are usually "y1 :]eas ! bir?-rate is high4 ,if fifty "y m>ri$ c\ples settle on ! virg9 soil ( a new c\ntry x is probable t = _m ye>s an enorm\s bir?-rate1 ( ov] #ajj1 w coexi/ ) a l[ dea?-rate4 ,9 reality a high bir?-rate may coexi/ ) a l[ dea?-rate1 or ) a high dea?-rate4 ,= example1 !re is a diff]5ce betwe5 natural & artificial pov]ty1 ! fir/ be+ br\ght ab\t by ,god1 or1 if any read] pref]s to h x s1 by ,nature1 & ! second be+ made by man4 ,"u conditions ( natural pov]ty small gr\ps ( p 9 an op5 c\ntry are surr\nd$ by l& n yet cultivat$3 :]eas artificial pov]ty means a population ov]cr[d$ & und]f$1 liv+ 9 d>k t5em5ts or 9 back-to-back h\ses1 brea?+ f\l air 9 ill-v5tilat$ rooms seldom lit by ! sun1 work+ long h\rs 9 gas-lit work%ops = a sweat$ wage1 buy+ ! *eape/ food 9 ! de>e/ m>ket1 & drugg$ by bad liquor4 ,9 ei!r case _! exi/5ce is ?reat5$1 al?\gh = v diff]5t reasons1 & ! bir?-rate rises2 b "u conditions ( natural pov]ty ! dea?-rate is l[1 :]eas 9 slums ! dea?-rate is high4 ,section #c4 ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,decl9e ,x w\ld appe>1 !n1 t "u conditions ( h>d%ip ! bir?-rate t5ds to rise1 & t 9 circum/ances ( ease ! bir?-rate t5ds to fall4 ,if ! exi/5ce ( ! inhabitants 9 a clos$ c\ntry is ?reat5$ by sc>city1 ! bir?-rate t5ds to rise4 ,= example1 ,9 "s ( ! remote p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 ,orkney & ,%etl&1 ! population rema9$ practically /ation>y betwe5 ! ye>s #ahja & #ahaa1 & 9 ! next t5 ye>s1 /ill ye>s ( great sc>city1 x increas$ #ae p] c5t4 #ef ,! gov]n+ pr9ciple may be express$ 9 ! foll[+ g5]alisation4 ,:5 ! exi/5ce ( a community is ?reat5$ by adv]sity ! bir?-rate t5ds to rise2 b :5 ! exi/5ce ( a community is ?reat5$ by prosp]ity ! bir?-rate t5ds to fall4 ,by adv]sity ,i mean w>1 fam9e1 sc>city1 pov]ty1 oppression1 an untill$ soil1 & disease3 & by prosp]ity ,i mean weal?1 luxury1 idl5ess1 a diet too ri*--especially 9 fle% meat--& ov]-civilisation1 :]eby ! physical laws ( nature are defi$4 ,n[ ! dang] ( national decl9e ow+ to prosp]ity c be avoid$ by a nation t obs]ves ! moral law1 & ?is is ! mo/ probable explanation ( ! fact t 9 ,irel&1 al?\gh ! g5]al prosp]ity ( ! p has rapidly increas$ s9ce ,george ,wyndham displac$ l&lordism ov] a l>ge area by small own]%ip1 ! bir?-rate has cont9u$ to rise4 ,moreov]1 ! dang] to national exi/5ce1 z we h already indicat$ 7,*apt] ,i1 ,section4 #aj7 is great] f moral ?an f physical cata/rophes1 & :5 bo? cata/rophes are ?reat5$ ! ultimate issue dep5ds ^u :i* ( ! two is ! great]4 ,fur!rmore1 x w\ld appe> t moral cata/rophes inevitably lead to physical cata/rophes4 ,?is is be/ illu/rat$ by ! fate ( anci5t ,greece4 ,section #d4 ,,illu/rat$ ,,f ,,greek ,,hi/ory ,ref]5ce3 ,dang]s ,! apposit5ess ( ?is illu/ration arises f ! fact t anci5t ,greece rea*$ a v high level ( mat]ial & intellectual civilisation1 yet p]i%$ ow+ to moral & physical disa/]s4 7a7 ,moral ,cata/rophe 9 ,anci5t ,greece ,! evid5ce ( ! moral cata/rophe is to be f\nd 9 ! *ange t occurr$ 9 ! ,greek "* mo/ def9itely aft] ! f\r? c5tury be=e ,*ri/4 ,( ?is ,mr4 ,w4,h4,s4 ,jones has giv5 ! foll[+ acc\nt3 ,gradually ! ,greeks lo/ _! brilliance1 :i* _h be5 z ! bright fre%ness ( e>ly y\?4 ,?is is pa9fully obvi\s 9 _! lit]ature1 if n 9 o!r =ms ( art4 ,_! initiative vani%$2 !y ceas$ to create & began to comm5t4 ,patriotism1 ) r>e exceptions1 became an empty "n1 = few _h ! high _s & en]gy to translate into action man's duty to ! ,/ate4 ,vacillation1 indecision1 fitful outbur/s ( unheal?y activity foll[$ by c[>dly depression1 selfi% cruelty1 & crim9al weakness are *>act]i/ic ( ! public life ( ,greece f ! /ruggle ) ,mac$onia to ! f9al conque/ by ! arms ( ,rome4 ,no "o c fail to be /ruck by ! m>k$ diff]5ce betwe5 ! p]iod f ,m>a?on to ! ,peloponnesian ,w> & ! p]iod f ,alex&] to ,mummius4 ,philosophy also suff]$1 & became deeply pessimi/ic ev5 9 ! h&s ( its be/ & noble/ expon5ts4 ',abs5ce ( feel+1' 'abs5ce ( c>e'--su* 7 ! highe/ goals ( human endeav\r4 ,h[ f> ?is *ange 0 due to o!r causes is a complicat$ "q4 ,! population may h suff]$ f =eign admixture dur+ ! tr\bl$ times t foll[$ ! dea? ( ,alex&]4 ,!re 71 h[ev]1 _m reasons aga9/ ! view t ^! di/urbances produc$ any appreciable diff]5ce ( race4 ,! pres5ce ( va/ numb]s ( slaves1 n memb]s ( h\seholds1 b ! gangs ( toil]s :om ! increase ( comm]ce br\ght into ! c\ntry1 p&]$ to a fooli% pride t look$ ^u _m k9ds ( hon\rable lab\r z be+ %ameful & unbecom+ to a free man4 ,! v in/itution t made ,greek civilisation possible enc\rag$ idl5ess1 luxury1 & /ill worse vices4 ,unnatural vice1 :i* 9 "s ,/ates seems to h be5 positively enc\rag$1 0 preval5t among ! ,greeks to an almo/ incr$ible ext5t4 ,x is h>d n to believe t mu* physical h>m 0 caus$ !reby2 ( ! loss to moral /r5g? & vig\r !re is no ne$ to speak4 ,! city-/ate1 aga91 h[ev] fav\rable to ! developm5t ( public _s & a s5se ( responsibility1 0 doom$ to fail 9 a /ruggle aga9/ ! /rong] ,p[]s ( ,mac$on & ,rome4 ,! gr[? ( ! sci5tific _s de/roy$ ! old religion4 ,! m intellectual tri$ to f9d pr9ciples ( conduct 9 philosophy2 ! ignorant or half-educat$1 depriv$ ( ! /rong moral support t always comes f %>+ ! convictions ( ^? abl] & wis] ?an oneself1 fell back ^u degrad+ sup]/itions4 ,9 ei!r case !re 0 a s]i\s loss ( t _s ( self-sacrifice & devotion :i* a vigor\s religi\s fai? alone c be/[4 ,)\t su* a _s1 z hi/ory proves conclusively1 no nation or p c survive4 #eg 7b7 ,! ,physical ,cata/rophe induc$ by ,selfi%ness ,"o ( ! physical cata/rophes t probably mo/ accel]at$ ! fall ( ,greek civilisation 0 mal>ial fev]4 ,! p>asite ( ?is disease is c>ri$ f man to man by ,anophel9e mosquitoes4 ,^! insects1 dur+ ! /age ( egg1 l>va1 & nympha1 live 9 wat]1 & aft]w>ds1 z develop$ insects1 9 ! air4 ,! bre$+-gr\nds1 :]e ! eggs are laid1 are %all[ pools ( /agnant wat]4 ,= t reason ! disease is mo/ common 9 m>%y c\ntry1 & t5ds to disappe> :5 ! l& is prop]ly dra9$4 ,( ?is we h an example 9 ,engl&1 :5ce mal>ia disappe>$ z ! m>%es 7 dra9$4 ,9 ,hom] !re is a disput$ ref]5ce to mal>ia1 b x is n possible to asc]ta9 :e!r ! disease 0 pres5t dur+ ! rise ( ,greek civilisation1 & !re are no ref]5ces to ?is disease 9 ! lit]ature f #gjj ,b4,c4 to #eej ,b4,c4 #eh ,f ?is date ref]5ces to mal>ia gradually become m frequ5t1 & ,hippocrates /at$ t ^? :o live 9 l[1 moi/1 hot di/ricts1 & dr9k ! /agnant wat]1 ( necessity suff] f enl>g$ sple54 ,!y are /unt$ & ill-%ap$1 fle%y & d>k1 bili\s r ?an phlegmatic4 ,_! nature is to be c[>dly & adv]se f h>d%ip2 b good discipl9e c improve _! "* 9 ?is respect4 #ei ,aft] an exhau/ive /udy ( ! lit]ature1 ,mr4 ,jones concludes t mal>ia 0 endemic ?r\gh\t ! great] "p ( ! ,greek _w by #djj ,b4,c4 ,conc]n+ ! causes ( a mal>ial epidemic1 ,sir ,ronald ,ross writes3 #fj ,suppose t ! ,anophel9es h be5 pres5t f ! fir/1 b t ! numb] ( infect$ immigrants has be5 few4 ,!n1 possibly1 "s ( ^! p h happ5$ to take up _! abode 9 places :]e ! mosquitoes are r>e2 o!rs may h recov]$ quickly2 o!rs may n h *anc$ to possess p>asites 9 suitable /ages :5 !y h be5 bitt54 ,?us1 ! probability ( _! spread+ infection w\ld be v small4 ,or1 suppos+ ev5 t "s few new infections h be5 caus$1 yet1 by our r\gh calculations 9 section #ab1 unless ! mosquitoes are suffici5tly num]\s 9 ! locality1 ! little epidemic may die out aft] a :ile--= in/ance1 dur+ ! cool season4 ,! italics are m9e1 because "s writ]s h sugge/$ t ! decl9e ( ,greece 0 due to mal>ia1 :]eas ,i submit1 z ! m logical int]pretation ( ! facts1 t a moral cata/rophe l$ to ! neglect ( agriculture1 :]eby ! area ( m>%y l& became m ext5sive1 mosquitoes m num]\s1 & ! fev] m preval5t4 ,9 view ( ! =ego+ facts1 ! foll[+ ,mal?usian /atem5t1 al?\gh gr\ndless1 is nev]!less an amus+ example ( ! errors t arise f lack ( a little k3 ,! difficulty ( provid+ = a high bir?-rate 9 a settl$ community 0 appreciat$ by ! anci5t ,greeks1 notably by ,plato & ,ari/otle2 b _! conclusions 7 swept aside by ! w>like _s ( ,rome1 & ! s5tim5tality ( ,*ri/ianity1 s t only a few isolat$ ?9k]s %[$ any appreciation ( !m4 #fa ,footnote #ea3 ,quot$ 9 ,! ,law ( ,bir?s & ,dea?s1 by ,*>les ,edw>d ,pell1 #aiba1 *ap4 xii4 ,footnote #eb3 ,! ,law ( ,bir?s & ,dea?s1 #aiba4 ,footnote #ec3 ,ibid41 p4 #dj4 ,footnote #ed3 ,! ,law ( ,bir?s & ,dea?s1 #aiba1 p4 #da4 ,footnote #ee3 ,ibid41 p4 #dj4 ,footnote #ef3 ,dr4 ,john ,br[nlee1 ,! ,decl9+ ,bir?-rate1 p4 #aef4 ,footnote #eg3 ,mal>ia & ,greek ,hi/ory1 #aiji1 pp4 #ajb et seq4 ,footnote #eh3 ,ibid41 p4 #bf4 ,footnote #ei3 ,ibid41 p4 #he4 ,footnote #fj3 ,report on ! ,prev5tion ( ,mal>ia 9 ,mauritius1 p4 #ea4 ,footnote #fa3 ,c4,v4 ,drysdale1 ,o4,b4,e41 ,d4 ,sc41 ,! ,mal?usian ,doctr9e & its ,mod]n ,aspects1 p4 #c4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,fall+ ,,bir?-,,rate ,,9 ,,engl&3 ,,its ,,causes ,bir? controll]s claim t ! fall 9 ! ,engli% bir?-rate1 :i* began to decl9e 9 #ahgf1 is mo/ly due to ! use ( contraceptives3 b ! v fact t ?is claim is made by ^! reckless propag&i/s makes x imp]ative t we %\ld scrut9ise ! evid5ce v c>efully4 ,section #a4 ,,n1 ,,z ,,mal?usians ,,ass]t1 ,,due ,,ma9ly ,,to ,,contraceptives ,9 support ( ! ,mal?usian cont5tion1 ,dr4 ,c4,v4 ,drysdale1 :o is n a doctor ( m$ic9e b a doctor ( sci5ce1 has publi%$ ! foll[+ /atem5ts3 444 ,we might note t a rec5t inve/igation ( ! records ( ! ,quak]s 7! ,society ( ,fri5ds7 reveals ! fact t family limitation has be5 adopt$ by !m to a mo/ a/oni%+ ext5t4 ,_! bir?rate sic /ood at #bj p] ?\s& 9 #ahgf1 & has n[ actually fall5 to ab\t #h p] ?\s&4 ,! longevity ( ,quak]s is well kn[n1 & ! returns ( dea?s giv5 by _! ,society %[ t ! great majority live to betwe5 sev5ty & n9ety ye>s4 ,infantile mortality is practically unkn[n among !m1 al?\gh none ( ! special /eps s de> to mo/ social re=m]s h be5 tak5 = ! protection ( infant life4 ,! ,quak]s are well kn[n to be v e>ne/ ,*ri/ians1 & to give ! be/ example ( religi\s morality4 ,_! probity 9 bus9ess & _! self-sacrifice 9 humanit>ian "w ( all k9ds are r5[n$4 ,yet x w\ld seem t !y h adopt$ family re/riction to a great] ext5t ?an any o!r body ( p1 &1 s9ce ! decl9e ( _! bir?-rate only began 9 #ahgf1 t x is due to adoption ( prev5tive me?ods4 #fb ,aga91 he translates ! foll[+ quotation f a ,swiss au?or3 ,9 ,france a national committee has be5 =m$ :i* has z its object an agitation = ! increase ( ! population4 ,^u ?is committee ^! 8 !re sit1 besides ,presid5t ,po9c>1 :o1 al?\gh m>ri$1 has no *ildr51 tw5ty-f\r s5ators & littrateurs4 ,^! tw5ty-five p]sons1 :o prea* to _! fell[ citiz5s by ^w & p51 h betwe5 !m n9ete5 *ildr51 or n "o *ild on ! av]age p] m>ri$ c\ple4 ,simil>ly1 a ,p>is j\rnal 7,intransigeant1 ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 #aijh7 _h ! good idea ( publi%+ f\r hundr$ & =ty-five names ( ! *ief ,p>isian p]sonalities :o are nev] tir$ ( l5d+ _! names 9 support ( opposition to ! artificial re/riction ( families4 ,i give ^! figures briefly )\t ! names1 :i* h no special int]e/ = u4 ,anyone int]e/$ 9 ! names c consult ! pap] well kn[n 9 upp] circles4 ,among !m3 #agf m>ri$ c\ples _h #j *ildr5 #j *ildr5 #ajf #a *ild #ajf #hh #b *ildr5 #agf #dj #c #abj #ai #d #gf #g #e #ce #d #f #bd #c #g #ba #a #i #i #a #aa #aa ,total #dde ) #egh ,t is1 an av]age "o & a ?ird *ildr5 p] c\ple1 :ile ea* s+le "o ( ^! families c\ld mu* m easily h support$ tw5ty *ildr5 ?an a work+-class family a s+le *ild4 ,comm5t on ! above is sup]flu\s1 adds ,dr4 ,c4,v4 ,drysdale1 & ) t rem>k mo/ p w cordially disagree4 ,! obvi\s int]pretation ( ! =ego+ figures is t !re has be5 a decl9e 9 natural f]tility among/ highly educat$ & civilis$ p4 ,b t int]pretation does n suit ,dr4 ,drysdale's book1 & h5ce we h ! disgraceful spectacle ( a writ] :o1 9 ord] to bol/] up an argum5t :i* is rott5 f beg9n+ to end1 does n hesitate to laun* )\t a p>ticle ( evid5ce a *>ge ( gross hypocrisy aga9/ ! ,quak]s ( ,engl&1 a body ( m5 & wom5 :o 9 peace & 9 w> h prov$ ! s9c]ity ( _! fai?1 & aga9/ f\r hundr$ & sev5ty respect$ citiz5s ( ,p>is4 ,fur!r comm5t on t is sup]flu\s4 ,at ! same "t x is obvi\s t1 9 s f> z _! p]nici\s propag&a spreads & is adopt$1 ,mal?usians may claim to contribute to ! fall ( ! bir?-rate1 & t[>ds ! decl9e ( ! ,empire4 ,section #b4 ,,decl9e ,,9 ,,f]tility ,,due ,,to ,,"s ,,natural ,,law ,9 ! c\rse ( an inquiry on ! f]tility ( wom5 :o _h receiv$ a college education1 ! ,national ,bir? ,rate ,commission #fc attempt$ to discov] to :at ext5t bir? control 0 practis$ among/ ! middle & pr(essional classes4 ,( ^? among/ :om ! inquiry 0 made #dgg gave def9ite answ]s1 f :i* x 0 asc]ta9$ t #bhi1 or #fj p] c5t41 consci\sly limit$ _! families1 or attempt$ to d s2 & t #ahh1 or #dj p] c5t4 made no attempt to limit _! families4 ,among/ ^? :o limit$ _! families #ahc /at$ ! means employ$1 & ( ^!1 #aje1 or #eg p] c5t41 practis$ cont95ce1 :il/ #gh1 or #dc p] c5t41 us$ artificial or unnatural me?ods4 ,n[ comes a mo/ extraord9>y fact4 ,dr4 ,major ,gre5wood1 #fd a /ati/ician ^: me?ods are beyond "q1 discov]$ t !re 0 no real ma!matical diff]5ce betwe5 ! numb] ( *ildr5 9 ! limit$ families & ! numb] 9 ! unlimit$ families4 ,9 bo? gr\ps ( families ! numb] ( *ildr5 0 small] ?an ! av]age family 9 ! g5]al population1 & 9 bo? gr\ps !re 7 few] *ildr5 ?an 9 ! families ( ! prec$+ g5]ation to :i* ! p>5ts belong$4 ,dr4 ,gre5wood /ates t ?is is prima facie evid5ce t delib]ate bir? control has produc$ little effect1 & t ! l[]$ f]tility is ! expression ( a natural *ange4 ,nev]!less1 he holds t ! latt] explanation _c be accept$ z :olly prov$ on ! evid5ce1 ow+ to c]ta9 defects 9 ! data on :i* 8 calculations 7 bas$4 ,i am ( op9ion t we %\ld hesitate be=e adopt+ t int]pretation 9 view ( ! cog5t indirect evid5ce af=d$ by o!r data t ! fall ( ! bir?-rate is diff]5tial1 & t ! diff]5tiation is l>gely economic4 ,!re are at lea/ two consid]ations :i* mu/ be borne 9 m9d 9 connection ) ^! s*$ules4 ,! fir/ is1 t all ! m>riages describ$ z unlimit$ may n h be5 s4 ,i d n sugge/ t ! answ]s are int5tionally false1 b x is possible t _m may h consid]$ t limitation impli$ ! use ( me*anical means2 t m>riages 9 :i* ! p>ties m]ely ab/a9$ f1 or limit$ ! occasions (1 sexual int]c\rse may h frequ5tly ent]$ z ( unre/rict$ f]tility4 ,! above italics are m9e1 because1 if t surmise be correct1 x goes to prove t ! re/riction ( int]c\rse to c]ta9 p]iods1 :i* re/riction ! m>ri$ may lawfully practise1 is z efficaci\s 9 limit+ ! size ( a family z are ^? artificial me?ods ( bir? control contr>y bo? to natural & to ,*ri/ian morality4 ,dr4 ,major ,gre5wood cont9ues z foll[s3 ,9 ! second place1 ! s*$ules d n provide u ) in=mation z to :5 limitation 0 introduc$4 ,we are told1 = in/ance1 t ! size ( ! family 0 five & t its numb] 0 limit$4 ,?is may mean ei!r t ?r\gh\t ! duration ( ! m>riage prev5tive measures 7 adopt$ f "t to "t1 or t aft] five *ildr5 _h be5 born f]tile int]c\rse 0 /opp$4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( detail$ in=mation on ?is po9t x is pla9ly impossible to =m an accurate judgm5t z to ! effect ( limitation4 ,!re are1 !re=e1 no accurate figures to indicate ! ext5t to :i* bir? control has contribut$ to ! decl9e 9 ! bir?-rate4 ,section #c4 ,,& ,,to ,,"* ,,( ,,occupation ,moreov] ! claim ( bir? controll]s1 t ! decl9e 9 ! ,engli% bir?-rate is ma9ly due to ! use ( contraceptives1 is r5d]$ highly improbable by ! fact t ! ,regi/r>-,g5]al #fe has %[n t 9 #aiaa ! bir?-rate 9 diff]5t classes v>i$ accord+ to ! occupation ( ! fa!rs4 ,! figures are ^!3 ,bir?s p] #a1jjj m>ri$ ,social ,class4 males ag$ "u #ee1 includ+ retir$4 #a4 ,unskill$ workm5 #bac #b4 ,int]m$iate class #aeh #c4 ,skill$ workm5 #aec #d4 ,int]m$iate #acb #e4 ,upp] & middle class #aai ,?us1 asc5d+ ! social scale1 we f9d1 9 class ^u class1 t z ! annual income increases ! numb] ( *ildr5 9 ! family dim9i%es1 until we come to ! old ,engli% nobility ( :om1 accord+ to ,d>w91 #ai p] c5t4 are *ildless4 ,^! la/ h e reason to wi% = heirs to inh]it _! titles & :at l& & weal? !y possess1 &1 z _! record 9 w> proves !m to be no c[>ds' bre$1 x w\ld be a mon/r\s indictm5t to ma9ta9 t _! *ildlessness is mo/ly due to ! use ( contraceptives4 ,if all ^! results arose f ! practice ( bir? control1 x w\ld imply a cresc5do ( g5]al national selfi%ness unp>allel$ 9 ! hi/ory ( humanity4 ,no1 x is n possible to give ,neo-,mal?usians cr$it1 ev5 = all ! evil !y claim to h a*iev$4 ,section #d4 ,,aggravat$ ,,d\btless ,,by ,,mal?usianism ,nev]!less1 artificial bir? control is an evil & too preval5t ?+4 ,my cont5tion is t ! prim>y cause ( our fall+ bir?-rate is ov]-civilisation2 "o ( ! mo/ evil products ( ?is ov]-civilisation1 :]eby simple1 natural1 & unselfi% ideals1 bas$ on ! assumption t national security dep5ds on ! moral & economic /r5g? ( family life1 h be5 replac$ l>gely by a complicat$1 artificial1 & luxuri\s individualism2 & t dim9i%$ f]tility1 ap>t f ! practice ( artificial bir? control1 is a result ( luxuri\s individualism4 ,ev5 if x be s1 "o ( ! mo/ evil products ( ov]-civilisation is ! use ( contraceptives1 because ?is practice1 m ?an any o!r factor 9 social life1 ha/5s1 directly & indirectly1 ! fall ( a decl9+ bir?-rate2 & artificial bir? control1 to ! ext5t to :i* x is practis$1 !re=e aggravates ! consequ5ces ( a law ( decl9e already app>5t 9 our mid/4 ,i h already said t re/riction ( int]c\rse1 z held lawful by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 is possibly z efficaci\s 9 limit+ ! size ( a family z are artificial me?ods4 ,if any man %all say t !re=e !re is no diff]5ce betwe5 ^! me?ods1 let him read ! full] explanation giv5 9 ano!r connection on p4 #aec4 7,see ,ref]5ce3 ,explanation7 ,! me?od :i* reason & morality alike p]mit is devoid ( all ^? evils1 moral1 psy*ological1 & physiological1 t foll[ ! use ( contraceptives4 ,footnote #fb3 ,! ,small ,family ,sy/em1 pp4 #aie & #afj1 ,new ,york1 #aiag4 ,footnote #fc3 ,! ,decl9+ ,bir?-rate1 p4 #cbc4 ,footnote #fd3 ,! ,decl9+ ,bir?-rate1 p4 #cbd4 ,footnote #fe3 ,! ,decl9+ ,bir?-rate1 p4 #i4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,evils ,,( ,,artificial ,,bir? ,,control ,section #a4 ,,n ,a ,,physical ,,b5efit ,bir? control is alleg$ to be b5eficial = m5 & wom51 & ^! b5efits are no less amaz+ ?an ! fallacies on :i* ?is practice is advocat$4 ,at ! ,ob/etric ,section ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,m$ic9e 9 #aiba ! lead+ physicians on diseases ( wom5 condemn$ ! use ( contraceptives4 #ff ,a ,cause ( ,/]ility ,dr4 ,r4,a4 ,gibbons1 ,physician to ! ,grosv5or ,hospital = ,wom51 said t n[adays x 0 common = a "y m>ri$ woman to ask h] m$ical man = advice z to ! be/ me?od ( prev5t+ conception4 ,! te/ ( relative /]ility 0 ! rapidity ) :i* conception takes place4 ,he _h made confid5tial inquiries 9 #abj m>riages4 ,9 #ajj cases prev5tive measures _h be5 us$ at "o "t or ano!r1 & ! numb] ( *ildr5 0 well "u #b p] m>riage4 ,9 ,p>is "s "t ago ! bir?-rate 0 #ajd p] #a1jjj 9 ! poor] qu>t]s & only #cd 9 a ri* qu>t] ( ! city2 9 ,london comp>ative figures _h be5 giv5 z #aie & #fc 9 poor & 9 ri* qu>t]s4 ,^! & simil> figures %[$ t wom5 liv+ 9 com=t & luxury did n want to be bo!r$ ) conf9em5ts4 ,x _h be5 said t ! degree ( /]ility c\ld be reg>d$ z an index to ! morals ( a race4 ,cong5ital /]ility 0 r>e1 b ! numb] ( *ildr5 born 9 ,engl& 0 decreas+4 ,x _h be5 e/imat$ t "o-?ird ( ! pregnancies 9 sev]al great cities abroad abort$4 ,dr4 ,gibbons !n quot$ figures giv5 by ,d\glas ,wight & ,am& ,r\? to %[ ! high p]c5tage ( abortions & /illbir?s4 ,9 8 op9ion x 0 ! duty ( m$ical m5 to po9t out to ! public t physiological laws c\ld n be brok5 ) impunity4 ,x _h be5 obs]v$ t if ! doe 7 )held f ! buck at oe/ral p]iods atrophy ( ! ov>y took place4 ,9 ?is connection ,dr4 ,gibbons recall$ a l>ge numb] ( pati5ts :o _h us$ contraceptives 9 e>ly m>ri$ life1 & subsequ5tly _h long$ 9 va9 = a *ild4 ,?is appli$ also to ^? :o _h decid$1 aft] ! fir/ baby1 to h no m *ildr51 & _h subsequ5tly regrett$ _! decision4 ,neuroses ,pr(essor ,mc,ilroy1 ( ! ,london ,s*ool ( ,m$ic9e = ,wom51 deplor$ ! am\nt ( "t sp5t on attempt+ to cure /]ility :5 contraceptives 7 s l>gely us$4 ,! fact t neuroses 7 l>gely ! result ( ! use ( contraceptives %\ld be made widely kn[n1 & also t 9 wom5 ! mat]nal passion 0 ev5 /rong]1 ?\gh x might develop lat]1 ?an sexual passion1 & w\ld ultimately dem& satisfaction4 ,fibroid ,tum\rs ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,e4 ,giles1 ,s5ior ,surgeon to ! ,*elsea ,hospital = ,wom51 endors$ ,dr4 ,gibbons's rem>ks z to ! great unhapp9ess result+ f delib]ately *ildless m>riages1 & he add$ t he _h always w>n$ pati5ts ( ?is4 ,he believ$ t qu99e _h a p]man5tly bad effect4 ,^? :o wait$ = a conv5i5t season to h a *ild (t5 laid up tr\ble = !mselves4 ,on ! "q ( fibroid tum\rs he _h come to ! conclusion t ^! 7 n a cause b 9 a s5se a consequ5ce ( /]ility4 ,wom5 :o 7 subject$ to sexual excitem5t ) no physiological outlet appe> to h a t5d5cy to develop fibroids4 ,he w\ld l ! op9ion to g =? f ! section t ! use ( contraceptives 0 a bad ?+4 ,all ^! au?orities are agre$ t ! practice ( artificial /]ility dur+ e>ly m>ri$ life is ! cause ( _m wom5 rema9+ *ildless1 al?\gh lat] on ^! wom5 wi% 9 va9 = *ildr54 ,to meet ?is difficulty "o ( ! advocates ( bir? control advises all "y c\ples to make sure ( "s *ildr5 be=e adopt+ ^! practices2 ?us dem&+ ( "y p>5ts1 at ! v "t :5 x is mo/ irksome1 t v sacrifice ( p]sonal com=t & prosp]ity to prev5t :i* is ! precise object ( ! vici\s practice4 ,nor is /]ility ! only p5alty4 ,! disease kn[n z neura/h5ia arises bo? 9 wom5 & 9 m5 9 consequ5ce ( ^! me?ods4 ,dr4 ,m>y ,%>lieb1 #fg aft] =ty ye>s' exp]i5ce ( diseases ( wom51 writes z foll[s3 ,n[1 on ! surface ( ?+s1 x w\ld seem z if a k ( h[ to prev5t ! too rapid increase ( a family w\ld be a boon to ov]-prolific & heavily burd5$ mo!rs4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 c]ta9 reasons :i* probably conv]t ! suppos$ advantage into a v real disadvantage4 ,an exp]i5ce ( well ov] =ty ye>s conv9ces me t ! artificial limitation ( ! family causes damage to a woman's n]v\s sy/em4 ,! damage done is likely to %[ itself 9 inability to conceive :5 ! re/riction volunt>ily us$ is ab&on$ because ! c\ple desire (fspr+4 ,i h = _m ye>s ask$ wom5 :o came to me desir+ *ildr5 :e!r !y h ev] practis$ prev5tion1 & !y v frequ5tly tell me t !y did s dur+ ! e>ly days ( _! m>ri$ life because !y ?\ght t _! means 7 n adequate to ! support ( a family4 ,subsequ5tly !y f\nd t conception1 ?w>t$ at ! "t t desire 0 pres5t1 fails to occur :5 x becomes conv5i5t4 ,9 su* cases1 ev5 al?\gh exam9ation ( ! pelvic organ %[s no?+ abnormal1 all "o's endeav\rs to secure conception frequ5tly g unrew>d$4 ,sometimes su* a woman is n only /]ile1 b n]v\s1 & 9 g5]ally poor heal?2 b ! m common occurr5ce is t %e rema9s fairly well until ! "t ( ! *ange ( life1 :5 %e frequ5tly suff]s m1 on ! n]v\s side1 ?an does ! woman :o has liv$ a natural m>ri$ life4 ,! late ,dr4 ,f4,w4 ,taylor1 ,presid5t ( ! ,briti% ,gynaecological ,society1 wrote z foll[s 9 #aijd3 ,artificial prev5tion is an evil & a disgrace4 ,! immorality ( x1 ! degradation ( succe$+ g5]ations by x1 _! dom9ation or subjection by /rang]s :o are /rong] because !y h n giv5 way to x1 ! curses t mu/ assur$ly foll[ ! p>5ts ( decad5ce :o />t$ x1--all ( ?is ne$s to be br\ght home to ! m9ds ( ^? :o h ?\ghtlessly or ignorantly accept$ x1 = x is to ?is und\bt$ly t we h to attribute n only ! dim9i%+ bir?-rate1 b ! dim9i%+ value ( our population4 ,x w\ld be /range inde$ if s unnatural a practice1 "o s de/ructive ( ! be/ life ( ! nation1 %\ld br+ no dang] or disease 9 its wake1 & ,i am conv9c$1 aft] _m ye>s ( obs]vation1 t bo? sudd5 dang] & *ronic disease may be produc$ by ! me?ods ( prev5tion v g5]ally employ$4444 ,! natural d$uction is t ! artificial production ( mod]n times1 ! relatively /]ile m>riage1 is an evil ?+1 ev5 to ! individuals prim>ily conc]n$1 injuri\s n only to ! race1 b to ^? :o accept x4 ,t 0 ! op9ion ( a di/+ui%$ gynaecologi/1 :o also happ5$ to be a ,*ri/ian4 ,! read] may prote/ t ! latt] fact is entirely irrelevant to my argum5t1 & t ! value ( a man's obs]vations conc]n+ disease is to be judg$ by 8 skill & exp]i5ce z a physician1 & n by 8 religi\s beliefs4 ,a mo/ reasonable /atem5t4 ,unhappily1 ! ,neo-,mal?usians ?9k o!rwise4 ,!y w\ld h u believe t because ?is man 0 a ,*ri/ian 8 op9ion1 z a gynaecologi/1 is wor?less4 ,c4,v4 ,drysdale1 ,o4,b4,e41 ,d4 ,sc41 aft] quot+ ,dr4 ,taylor's views1 adds ! foll[+ foot-note3 ,i h s9ce le>nt t ,dr4 ,taylor 0 a v e>ne/ ,*ri/ian1 & ! au?or ( sev]al sacr$ hymns & ( a pi\s "w1 ,! ,com+ ( ! ,sa9ts4 #fh ,fur!rmore1 9 #aije1 ! ,s\?-,we/]n ,bran* ( ! ,briti% ,m$ical ,association pass$ ! foll[+ resolution3 ,t ?is ,bran* is ( op9ion t ! gr[+ use ( contraceptives & ecbolics is fraught ) great dang] bo? to ! individual & to ! race4 ,t ?is ,bran* is ( op9ion t ! adv]tisem5ts & sale ( su* appliances & sub/ances1 z well z ! publication & dissem9ation ( lit]ature relat+ !reto1 %\ld be made a p5al (f5ce4 #fi ,section #b4 ,a ,,sc&al\s ,,sugge/ion ,! =ego+ op9ions are v di/a/eful to ,neo-,mal?usians1 & ^! p1 be+ unable app>5tly to give a reason$ answ]1 d n hesitate to sugge/ t m$ical opposition1 :5 n due to religi\s bias1 is c]ta9ly due to m]c5>y motives4 ,z ! ,*ur* has a ve/$ int]e/ 9 s\ls1 s ! m$ical pr(ession has a ve/$ int]e/ 9 bodies4 ,bir? is a s\rce ( rev5ue1 direct & indirect4 ,x means mat]nity fees fir/2 x g5]ally presupposes prelim9>y m$ical treatm5t ( ! expectant "m2 & x provides a new human be+ to be a pati5t to "s memb] ( ! pr(ession1 humanly c]ta9 to h its %>e ( infantile diseases1 & likely1 if x survives !m1 to produce *ildr5 ( its own be=e ! f9al dea?-b$ att5dance is rea*$4 #gj ,t sc&al\s sugge/ion has rec5tly be5 repeat$ by ! ,presid5t ( ! ,society = ,con/ructive ,bir? ,control & ,racial ,progress "u ! foll[+ circum/ances4 ,on ,octob] #ca1 #aiba1 ! ,sussex ,daily ,news publi%$ ! foll[+ p>agraph f its ,london correspond5t4 ,,bir? ,,control ,rev]b]ations ( ,"l ,dawson's rec5t s5sational address to ! ,*ur* ,congress on bir? control are /ill be+ felt z well 9 m$ical z 9 cl]ical circles4 ,inde$1 ! subject has be5 discuss$ by ! lawy]s at ,gray's ,inn4 ,! ,london ,association ( ! ,m$ical ,wom5's ,f$]ation _h s animat$ a discussion on x t x 0 decid$ to cont9ue x at ! next meet+4 ,x is q evid5t t ,"l ,dawson did n speak = a unit$ m$ical pr(ession4 ,inde$1 q a numb] ( doctors ( all cre$s are attack+ ! new ,bir? ,control ,society4 ,a ,london physician has a pamphlet on ! subject 9 ! ,press1 & ! controv]sy rages fi]cely 9 ! neighb\rhood ( 'bir?-control' cl9ics4 ,mu* is likely to be made ( ! example ( ,france1 :]e ! revolt aga9/ ! practices advocat$ is n[ 9 full sw+1 & /rong legal measures h be5 tak5 & are 9 contemplation4 ,fr5* m$ical op9ion is said to be v pron\nc$ on ! subject1 & x has1 ( c\rse1 a great deal ( cl9ical exp]i5ce to back x4 ,on ,novemb] #h1 a second p>agraph appe>$3 ,,bir? ,,control ,my rem>k rec5tly t 'a numb] ( doctors ( all cre$s are attack+ ! new ,bir?-,control ,society' has be5 *all5g$ by ! hon4 secret>y ( ! body 9 "q1 :o obs]ves t ,i am mis9=m$4 ,i mu/ adh]e to my /atem5t1 :i* 0 a record ( p]sonal obs]vation4 ,_m doctors h spok5 to me on ! subject1 & _! op9ions on ! e?ics ( bir? control diff] widely2 b ,i c only rememb] "o :o did n attack ?is p>ticul> society4 ,! secret>y sugge/s t ,i am confus+ :at 8 society advocates ) some?+ else4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! :ole "q ( bir? control has be5 discuss$ m ?an once by m$ical bodies4 ,a doctor :o att5d$ "o su* discussion %ortly aft] ! op5+ ( ! cl9ic 9 ,holl[ay told me t1 :ile !re 0 division ( op9ion on ! g5]al subject1 ! feel+ ( ! meet+ 0 ov]:elm+ aga9/ ! p>ticul> tea*+ giv5 at ! cl9ic1 z undesirable & actively mis*iev\s4 ,! subject is controv]sial1 & ,i pr(ess to d no m ?an record su* op9ions z are curr5t4 ,on ,novemb] #ag ! ,sussex ,daily ,news publi%$ ! foll[+ lett]3 ,,con/ructive ,,bir? ,,control ,sir1--,y\r rec5t p>agraph ( 'op9ions' ab\t ! ,mo!rs' ,cl9ic & ! ,society = ,con/ructive ,bir? ,control & ,racial ,progress is n only extremely unrepres5tative1 b grossly mislead+4 ,y\r writ] says t he c only rememb] "o doctor :o did n attack ?is p>ticul> society4 ,?is implies t ! m$ical pr(ession is aga9/ x1 :i* is absolutely untrue1 z is q evid5t f ! fact t we h ?ree ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m$ical m5 9 ,great ,brita9 on our li/ ( ,vice-,presid5ts2 f\r o!rs1 also v di/+ui%$1 on our ,rese>* ,committee2 & t ,dr4 ,e4,b4 ,turn]1 9 a ,press int]view aft] ! rec5t ,*ur* ,congress1 s+l$ out ,con/ructive ,bir? ,control z ! only ',control' :i* 0 n mis*iev\s4 ,t !re may be m$ical m5 :o d n approve ( bir? control is natural1 :5 "o rememb]s t a doctor has to make 8 liv+1 & c d s m easily :5 wom5 are ail+ ) incessant pregnancies ?an :5 !y ma9ta9 !mselves 9 good heal? by only hav+ *ildr5 :5 fitt$ to d s4 ,op9ions ( m$icals1 !re=e1 mu/ be sift$4 ,! be/ doctors are ) u2 ! self-seek+ & ! biass$ may be aga9/ u4 ,details ab\t ! society1 includ+ ! manife/o sign$ by a s]ies ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ p]sons1 c be obta9$ on application to ! ,honor>y ,secret>y1 at 444 ,london1 ,n4#ai4--,y\rs1 etc4 ,,m>ie ,c4 ,,/opes1 ,presid5t ,society = ,con/ructive & ,racial ,progress4 ,! italics are m9e1 & !y draw att5tion to a disgraceful /atem5t conc]n+ ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,z ! read] is aw>e1 c]ta9 memb]s ( our pr(ession approve ( artificial bir? control4 ,:at1 ,i ask1 w\ld be ! op9ion ( ! g5]al public1 & ( my fri5ds1 if ,i 7 s di/raught z to sugge/ t ^! m5 approv$ ( bir? control because !y _h a f9ancial int]e/ 9 ! sale ( contraceptives8 ,t sugge/ion w\ld be z reckless & z wick$ z ! /atem5t made by ,dr4 ,m>ie ,c4 ,/opes4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal ( ,novemb] #bf ,i quot$1 )\t comm5t1 ! above italicis$ p>agraph z h] op9ion ( ! m$ical pr(ession1 & on ,decemb] #aj ! foll[+ reply f ! lady appe>$3 ,y\r two correspond5ts1 ,dr4 ,halliday ,su!rl& & ,dr4 ,b9nie ,dunlop1 by quot+ p>agraphs )\t _! full context1 appe> to l5d support to views :i* by implication are1 to "s ext5t1 detrim5tal to my own4 ,?is me?od ( controv]sy has nev] appeal$ to me1 b 9 ! int]e/s ( ! society ) :i* ,i am associat$1 ,i mu/ be all[$ to answ] ! implications4 ,! p>agraph quot$ by ,dr4 ,su!rl& is n1 z w\ld appe> f 8 lett]1 a simple op9ion ( m9e on ! m$ical pr(ession1 b 0 writt5 9 reply to a r scurril\s p>agraph s word$ z to lead ! public to believe t ! m$ical pr(ession z a :ole 0 aga9/ ! ,society = ,con/ructive ,bir? ,control & ,racial ,progress4 ,my answ]1 :i* appe>$ n only 9 ! pap]s quot$ b 9 o!rs1 conta9$ ! foll[+ /atem5t3 ',we h ?ree ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ m$ical m5 9 ,great ,brita9 on our li/ ( ,vice-,presid5ts2 f\r o!rs1 also v di/+ui%$1 on our ,rese>* ,committee4' ,read+ ^! words be=e ! p>agraph y\r correspond5t quotes1 & tak+ all 9 conjunction ) an attack imply+ t ! entire m$ical pr(ession 0 aga9/ u1 x is obvi\s t ! position is r diff]5t f :at read]s ( ,dr4 ,su!rl&'s lett] 9 y\r issue ( ,novemb] #bf might suppose4 ,x w be not$ t ,dr4 ,/opes does n )draw b attempts to ju/ify h] sc&al\s sugge/ion by /at+1 fir/ly1 t ! full context ( h] lett] 0 n quot$ by me1 & secondly1 t h] orig9al lett] 0 writt5 9 reply to a r scurril\s p>agraph4 ,z ,i h n[ quot$ 9 full h] orig9al lett]1 except+ ! address ( h] society1 & ! two p>agraphs f ! ,sussex ,daily ,news1 my read]s may =m _! own judgm5t on ! foll[+ po9ts3 ,is x possible to ma9ta9 t ! :ole context ( h] orig9al lett] puts a diff]5t complexion on h] rem>ks conc]n+ ! m$ical pr(ession8 ,c ei!r ( ! p>agraphs f ! ,sussex ,daily ,news be tru?fully describ$ z r scurril\s1 or are !y fair comm5t on a matt] ( public int]e/8 ,moreov]1 ev5 if a daily pap] _h publi%$ a mislead+ p>agraph ab\t ?is society1 surely t is n a valid reason :y its ,presid5t %\ld make a malignant attack1 n on j\rnali/s1 b on ! m$ical pr(ession8 ,section #c4 ,a ,,cause ,,( ,,unhapp9ess ,,9 ,,m>riage ,nor does bir? control lead to happ9ess 9 m>riage4 ,on ! contr>y1 exp]i5ce %[s t ! practice is injuri\s n only to ! bodies b also to ! m9ds ( m5 & wom54 ,z no me?od ( contraception is infallible1 ! wife :o all[s or adopts x may f9d h]self 9 ! truly horrible position ( be+ secretly or op5ly suspect$ ( infidelity4 ,aga91 :5 a family has be5 limit$ to "o or two *ildr5 & ^! die1 ! p>5ts may f9d !mselves solit>y & *ildless 9 old age2 & mo!rs ?us b]eav$ are (t5 ! victims ( pr(\nd & la/+ melan*oly4 ,! "m ( a l>ge family has h] worries1 _m ( !m n due to h] *ildr51 b to ! social evils ( our "t3 & yet %e is less to be piti$ ?an ! woman :o is los+ h] beauty aft] a fev]$ life (1 vanity & self-indulg5ce1 & :o has no "o to love h]1 n ev5 a *ild4 ,moreov]1 ^! practices h an influ5ce on ! relation betwe5 husb& & wife1 on _! emotions t[>ds ea* o!r & t[>ds ! :ole sexual nisus4 ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,%aw rec5tly /at$ #ga t :5 p adopt me?ods ( bir? control !y are engag+1 n 9 sexual int]c\rse1 b 9 reciprocal ma/urbation4 ,t is ! pla9 tru? ( ! matt]4 ,or1 f ano!r po9t ( view1 x may be said t ! man :o adopts ^! practices is simply us+ 8 wife z he w\ld use a pro/itute1 z inde$ 0 said long ago by ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as4 #gb ,! excuse (f]$ = illicit sexual int]c\rse is n usually pleasure1 b t ! sex impulse is irresi/ible3 & ! same argum5t is us$ = conjugal union ) prev5tion4 ,9 bo? cases ! natural result ( union is n desir$1 & positive means are tak5 to prev5t x4 ,& :at ( ! results on ! mutual love1 if an old-fa%ion$ ^w be n n[ out ( place1 & on ! self-respect ( two p s associat$8 ,bir? control _c make = happ9ess1 because x means t mutual love is at ! m]cy ( an animal in/9ct1 nei!r satisfi$ nor d5i$4 ,x is an old tru? t ^? :o seek happ9ess = itself nev] f9d x4 ,& yet ! advocates ( bir? control h ! tem]ity to claim t ^! practices lead to happ9ess4 ,i presume t ( ! bliss foll[+ m>riage ) contraceptives ! cr[d$ li/s ( our divorce c\rts are an index4 ,! m>riage bond is weak5$ :5 a common la/+ int]e/ 9 ! c>e ( *ildr5 is replac$ by transi5t sexual excitem5t4 ,once pregnancy is aboli%$ !re is no natural *eck on ! sexual passions ( husb& or wife1 = !y h le>nt h[ sexual desire may be gratifi$ )\t ! pa91 publicity1 & responsibility ( hav+ *ildr54 ,9 ! exp]i5ce ( ! _w m>riages bas$ m]ely on passion are seldom happy1 & artificial bir? control means passion uncontroll$ by nature4 ,^! me?ods are n practis$ by nations su* z ,irel& & ,spa91 :o accept ! moral rule ( ! natural law express$ 9 ,god's comm&m5ts & sanction$ by ,8 judgm5ts2 & no man :o has ev] liv$ 9 ^! c\ntries c\ld tru?fully ma9ta9 t ! p !re1 on :om ! burd5s ( m>riage press z else:]e1 are 9 reality anxi\s to obta9 facilities = divorce4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are _m :o allege t ! p ( ,engl& are %\t+ out = great] facilities = divorce ?an !y n[ possess4 ,at any rate1 x is obvi\s en\gh t !re are ^? among/ u :o are /ra9+ e n]ve to =ce su* facilities ^u !m4 ,section #d4 ,,an ,,insult ,,to ,,true ,,womanhood ,x has be5 said t patriotism is ! la/ refuge ( a sc\ndrel2 & app>5tly *ivalry is ! la/ refuge ( a fool4 ,"s ( ! advocates ( bir? control :o h nev] ?\ght ! matt] out1 ei!r passionately or dispassionately1 claim to speak on behalf ( wom54 ,!y prote/ t _m wom5 ( ! educat$ classes revolt aga9/ ! drudg]y1 anxieties1 inconv5i5ces1 disease1 & disfigurem5ts :i* att5d ! ye>ly *ild-be>+ advocat$ by ! morali/4 #gc ,:at morali/8 ,:o ev] said x8 ,aga91 !y plead = wom5 :o revolt f ! disfigurem5t ( ! ge/ation p]iod4 ,! great arti/ ,botticelli did n ?9k ?is 0 disfigurem5t4 ,:at true wom5 d8 ,are !y n ^? ( :om ,kipl+ writes1 z pale & z /ale z a bone8 ,&1 if s1 are ^! unwor?y specim5s ( _! sex wor? te>s8 ,! va/ majority ( wom5 be> ! discom=ts ( ge/ation & ! actual p]ils & pangs ( bir? ) exempl>y =titude3 & x is a gross sl&] = anyone to ma9ta9 t a few c[>dly & deg5]ate individuals really repres5t t devot$ sex4 ,b ^! writ]s are inde$ well out ( ! ruck ( ord9>y humanity1 because !y tell u t :atev] ! means employ$1 & :e!r righte\s or n1 ! prop5sity to limit ! highe/ =m ( life op]ates sil5tly & /eadily among/ ! m ?\ghtful memb]s ( all civiliz$ c\ntries1 & yet add t x is n p]haps good ta/e to consid] ! means employ$ to ?is end4 ,:ile !y ?us approve & comm5d ! practice ( bir? control z natural to ! m ?\ghtful memb]s1 !y nev]!less "q ! good ta/e ( discuss+ ! v me?ods ( :i* !y approve1 ev5 9 ! columns ( a m$ical j\rnal6 ,aga91 !y tell u t assur$ly cont95ce is n1 & nev] w be1 ! pr9cipal me?od4 ,t may be possibly true1 s long z ,*ri/ianity is m pr(ess$ ?an practis$2 ,god kn[s we are all lack+ en\gh 9 self-control4 ,& yet ?r\gh\t ! ages morali/s h prea*$ ! advantages ( self-control1 & we ord9>y m5 & wom5 "k t we c\ld d bett]1 & t o!rs :o h gone be=e u h done bett]2 b x is ! self-/yl$ ?\ghtful memb]s :o proclaim to ! _w t self-control 9 matt]s ( sex is an impossibility1 & !re=e n to be ev5 attempt$4 ,!y are no common p--^! epicureans1 selfi% ev5 9 _! ref9em5t4 ,9 addition to los+ _! morals1 !y h c]ta9ly lo/ _! wits4 ,section #e4 ,a ,,degradation ,,( ,,! ,,female ,,sex ,9 ! ,neo-,mal?usian propag&a !re is yet ano!r fact :i*--%\ld be seiz$ by e m>ri$ woman1 because x is a cle> indication ( a t5d5cy to r$uce wom5 to degrad+ subjection4 ,no recomm5dations ( limit$ int]c\rse or ( self-re/ra9t accord+ to ! dictates ( reason or ( affection are to be f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( bir? controll]s4 ,unre/ra9$ indulg5ce1 )\t ! risk ( consequ5ces1 is _! motto4 ,to ?is end !y advocate c]ta9 contraceptive me?ods1 & ! read] %\ld note t ^! me?ods require precautions to be tak5 solely by ! woman4 ,if %e fails to take ^! precautions1 or if ! precautions !mselves fail1 all responsibility = ! occurr5ce ( conception re/s on h] alone2 because h] ,mal?usian ma/]s h decid$ t %e alone is to be1 made responsible = prev5t+ ! natural or possible consequ5ces ( int]c\rse4 ,:y8 ,t is a v int]e/+ "q1 & "o to :i* a lead+ ,neo-,mal?usian has giv5 ! answ]4 ,9 #ahed !re 0 publi%$1 ,physical1 ,sexual & ,natural ,religion3 by a ,graduate ( ,m$ic9e4 ,9 ! ?ird edition ! title 0 alt]$ to ,! ,elem5ts ( ,social ,sci5ce1 & ! au?or's pseudonym to ,a ,doctor ( ,m$ic9e4 ,?is book1 :i* conta9s ov] #fjj pages ( small type1 may be tru?fully describ$ z ! ,bible ( ,neo-,mal?usians1 & includes1 "u ! curi\s head+ ,sexual ,religion1 a popul> acc\nt ( all v5]eal & o!r diseases ( sex4 ,9 ! ,preface to ! fir/ edition1 #gd ! anonym\s au?or /ates3 ,_h x n be5 ! fe> ( caus+ pa9 to a relation1 ,i %\ld h felt x my duty to put my "n to ?is "w2 9 ord] t any c5sure pass$ ^u x %\ld fall ^u myself alone4 ,! relation appe>s to h _h a long life1 because anonymity 0 pres]v$ = fifty ye>s1 presumably out ( respect = 81 or h]1 feel+s3 & he1 or %e1 mu/ h liv$ z long z ! au?or1 :o di$ 9 #aijd at ! age ( sev5ty-eight2 because ! au?or's "n 0 n reveal$ until a po/hum\s edition1 ! ?irty-fif?1 appe>$ 9 #aije1 f :i* we le>n t ! book 0 writt5 by ! late ,dr4 ,george ,drysdale1 bro!r ( ! fir/ ,presid5t ( ! ,mal?usian ,league1 & uncle ( ! pres5t incumb5t4 ,! la/ edition1 9 recomp5se = its smudgy type1 conta9s a mo/ welcome ann\ncem5t by ! publi%]3 ,,publi%]',s ,,note4--444 ,x is due alike to ! read] & ! publi%] to expla9 :y ! pres5t edition is pr9t$ 79 ! ma97 f /]eotypes t h se5 fifty ye>s' s]vice4 ,! co/ ( resett+ ! "w w\ld be prohibitive on ! basis ( pres5t 7& probable future7 sales4 ,to "s ext5t ! plates h be5 repair$2 b su* an exp$i5t c d no m ?an remove ! worse causes ( (f5ce4 ,b ! fact ) :i* ,i am at pres5t conc]n$ is t 9 e edition all contraceptive me?ods t apply to ! male are condemn$ = ! foll[+ reasons3 ,! fir/ ( ^! modes coitus int]ruptus is physically injuri\s1 & is apt to produce n]v\s disord] & sexual enfeeblem5t & conge/ion1 f ! sudd5 int]ruption x gives to ! v5]eal act1 ^: pleasure moreov] x int]f]es )4 ,! second1 namely ! %ea?1 dulls ! enjoym5t1 & frequ5tly produces impot5ce 9 ! man & disgu/ 9 bo? p>ties2 s t x also is injuri\s 7p4 #cdi74444 ,any prev5tive means1 to be satisfactory1 mu/ be us$ by ! woman1 z x spoils ! passion & ! impulsiv5ess ( ! v5]eal act if ! man h to ?9k ( !m 7p4 #cej74 ,! italics are m9e1 b ! foll[+ comm5ts are by a woman1 :o 0 moreov] ! fir/ woman to qualify 9 m$ic9e--! late ,dr4 ,elizabe? ,blackwell4 ,"h1 9 ?is *ief tea*] ( ! ,neo-,mal?usians1 ! clov5 foot is fully reveal$4 ,?is popul> au?or1 :o 9 _m p>ts ( 8 book d5\nces m>riage z ! enslavem5t ( m5 & wom51 :o sne]s at cont95ce1 & rages at ,*ri/ianity z a vani%+ sup]/ition--all "u a special pret5ce ( b5evol5ce & desire = ! advancem5t ( ! human race1 "h cle>ly1 %[s :at he is aim+ at1 & :at 8 doctr9es lead to4 ,male sexual pleasure mu/ n be int]f]$ )1 male lu/ may be indulg$ 9 to any ext5t t pleasure dem&s1 b woman mu/ take ! entire responsibility1 t male indulg5ce be n di/urb$ by any inconv5i5t claims f pat]nity4 ,:atev] consequ5ces ensue ! woman is to blame1 & mu/ be> ! :ole responsibility4 ,a doctr9e m diabolical 9 its !ory & m de/ructive 9 its practical consequ5ces has nev] be5 inv5t$4 ,?is is ! doctr9e ( ,neo-,mal?usianism4 #ge ,section #f4 ,,specially ,,hurtful ,,to ,,! ,,poor 7a7 ,affect+ ! ,"y ,!re are ?ree special & peculi> evils t att5d ! tea*+ ( bir? control among/ ! poor4 ,( ! fir/ a doctor has writt5 z foll[s3 ,morally1 ! doctr9e is indef5sible--x foll[s ! l9e ( lea/ resi/ance1 & sacrifices ! _s to ! fle%4 ,mat]ially1 x is fraught ) grave dang] to ! home & to our national exi/5ce4 ,x is propos$ to dissem9ate a k ( contraceptive me?ods ?r\gh\t ! ov]cr[d$ homes ( ! ill-f$1 ill-clad poor4 ,n[ x is 9 ^! homes t ! moral s5se has already b little *ance ( developm5t1 :]e ! *ild ( eight or t5 already kn[s f> m ?an is good = ! heal? ( ei!r body or m9d1 &1 ?\gh we may succe$ 9 r$uc+ ! size ( ! family1 yet ! means we employ w militate aga9/ ! rais+ ( ! moral tone ( ! h\sehold1 & ! *ildr5 w n be any less precoci\s ?an be=e4 #gf ,t dang] is ignor$ by ! advocates ( bir?-control4 ,b he t %all sc&alise "o ( ^! little ones t believe 9 ,me1 x 7 bett] =1 him t a mill-/one 7 hang$ ab\t 8 neck1 & t he 7 dr[n$ 9 ! dep?1 ( ! sea4 #gg 7b7 ,expos+ ! ,poor to ,exp]im5t ,secondly1 ! ord9>y dec5t in/9cts ( ! poor are aga9/ ^! practices1 & inde$ !y h us$ !m less ?an any o!r class4 ,b1 ow+ to _! pov]ty1 lack ( le>n+1 & helplessness1 ! poor are ! natural victims ( ^? :o seek to make exp]im5ts on _! fell[s4 ,9 ! mid/ ( a ,london slum a woman1 :o is a doctor ( ,g]man philosophy 7,muni*71 has op5$ a ,bir? ,control ,cl9ic1 :]e work+ wom5 are in/ruct$ 9 a me?od ( contraception describ$ by ,pr(essor ,mc,ilroy z ! mo/ h>mful me?od ( :i* ,i h _h exp]i5ce4 #gh ,:5 we rememb] t millions are be+ sp5t by ! ,m9i/ry ( ,heal? & by ,local ,au?orities--on pure milk = necessit\s expectant & nurs+ mo!rs1 on ,mat]nity ,cl9ics to gu>d ! heal? ( mo!rs be=e & aft] *ildbir?1 = ! provision ( skill$ midwives1 & on ,infant ,welf>e ,c5tres--all = ! s+le purpose ( br++ heal?y *ildr5 into our mid/1 x is truly amaz+ t ?is mon/r\s campaign ( bir? control %\ld be tol]at$ by ! ,home ,secret>y4 ,*>les ,bradlaugh 0 condemn$ to jail = a less s]i\s crime4 7c7 ,t5d+ t[>ds ! ,s]vile ,/ate ,?irdly1 ! policy ( bir? control op5s ! way to an ext5sion ( ! ,s]vile ,/ate1 #gi because wom5 z well z m5 c\ld !n be plac$ "u conditions ( economic slav]y4 ,hi!rto1 ! rule has be5 t dur+ *ild-be>+ age a woman mu/ be support$ by h] husb&1 & ! g5]al feel+ ( ! community has be5 oppos$ to any conditions likely to =ce m>ri$ wom5 on to ! indu/rial m>ket4 ,9 h] own home a woman works h>d1 b %e is work+ = ! b5efit ( h] family & n directly = ! b5efit ( a /rang]4 ,if1 in/ead ( be>+ *ildr51 wom5 practise bir? control1 & if *ildr5 are to be d5i$ to ! poor z a privilege ( ! ri*1 !n x w\ld be v easy to exploit ! wom5 ( ! poor] classes4 ,if wom5 h no "y *ildr5 :y %\ld !y be exempt f ! economic pressure t is appli$ to m58 ,& inde$1 :]e bir? control is practis$ wom5 t5d m & m to supplant m51 especially 9 ill-paid grades ( "w4 ,"o ( ! bir? controll]s has sugge/$ t "y c\ples1 :o o!rwise c\ld n af=d to m>ry1 %\ld m>ry b h no *ildr51 & ?us cont9ue to "w at _! respective employm5ts dur+ ! day4 ,z ! girl w\ld h little "t = cook+ & o!r dome/ic duties1 ?is immorali/ is practically subv]t+ ! v idea ( a home6 ,! ,engli% poor h already lo/ ev5 ! mean+ ( ! ^w prop]ty1 & if ! bir? controll]s _h _! way ! mean+ ( ! ^w home w\ld soon foll[4 ,! aim ( bir? control is g5]ally mask$ by falsehood1 b ! urg+ ( ?is policy on ! poor po9ts unmi/akably to ! ,s]vile ,/ate4 ,:5 a nation1 or a section ( a nation1 is oppress$1 _! bir?-rate rises4 ,t is ! immutable law ( nature z witness$ 9 hi/ory4 ,?us1 ! ,israelites increas$ "u ! oppression ( ! ,ph>aohs4 ,?us1 ! ,iri%1 f ! ,union to ! ,fam9e1 multipli$ prodigi\sly "u ! oppression ( an iniquit\s political & l& sy/em4 ,by ! op]ation ( ?is law ! oppress$ gr[ 9 numb]s1 & break _! *a9s4 ,section #g4 ,a ,,m5ace ,,to ,,! ,,nation 7a7 ,!re is a ,limit to l[]+ ! ,dea?-rate ,bir? controll]s believe t a high bir?-rate is ! cause ( a high dea?-rate1 & t ov]-population is ! cause ( pov]ty4 ,yet1 9 spite ( _! beliefs1 !y make ! foll[+ /atem5t3 ,neo-,mal?usians h n aim$ at r$uc+ population1 b only at r$uc+ unnecess>y dea?1 :i* injures ! community )\t add+ to its numb]s4 #hj ,9 def5ce ( ?is /atem5t !y argue t if ! dea?-rate falls p w live long]1 & !re=e ! population w n decrease1 al?\gh ! bir?-rate is l[]$4 ,!re are two fallacies 9 _! argum5t4 ,!y ov]look ! fact t e "o ( u mu/ die1 & t !re=e !re is a limit beyond :i* a dea?-rate _c possibly fall1 :]eas !re is no limit1 except z]o1 to ! possible fall 9 a bir?-rate4 ,if a bir?-rate fell to no?+ & no *ildr5 7 born1 x is obvi\s t ! population w\ld ev5tually vani%4 ,! second fallacy is t a l[ bir?-rate w p]man5tly l[] ! dea?-rate4 ,at fir/ a fall+ bir?-rate increases ! proportion ( "y adults 9 ! population1 &1 z ! dea?-rate dur+ e>ly adult life is relatively l[1 ! total dea?-rate t5ds to fall = a "t4 ,soon] or lat] !re is an increase 9 ! proportion ( old p 9 ! population1 &1 z ! dea?-rate dur+ old age is high1 ! total dea?-rate t5ds to rise4 ,t is n[ happ5+ 9 ,engl&1 & ^! are ! actual facts z record$ by ! ,regi/r>-,g5]al3 ,x may be po9t$ out t1 ?\gh ! effect ( ! fall 9 ! bir?-rate has hi!rto be5 an a s5se advantage\s 9 t x has increas$ ! proportions liv+ at ! work+ ages1 a t5d5cy to ! rev]sal ( ?is fact has already set 91 & may be expect$ to develop z "t goes on4444 ,! g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ! figures indicate v cle>ly ! effects ( ! long-cont9u$ decl9e 9 ! bir?-rate ( ?is c\ntry1 & %[1 by ! example ( ,france1 ! type ( age-di/ribution :i* a fur!r cont9uance ( ! decl9e is likely to produce4 ,! pres5t age-di/ribution ( ! ,engli% population is /ill fav\rable to l[ dea?-rates1 b is becom+ less s ?an x 0 9 #aija4 ,! movem5ts along ! curve ( ! po9t ( maximum heap+ up population1 ref]r$ to on page #fa 7,see ,ref]5ce3 ,population71 has %ift$ ?is f age #bj-be to a p]iod t5 ye>s lat]1 :5 mortality is appreciably high]4--,c5sus ( ,engl& & ,wales1 #aiaa4 ,g5]al ,report1 ) ,app5dices1 pp4 #fb & #fe4 ,( ^! facts ! bir? controll]s1 w\ld appe> to be ignorant4 ,t is a *>itable assumption2 b1 9 view ( ! vital importance ( ?is "q _! ignorance is culpable4 7b7 ,bir? ,control t5ds to ext+ui% ! ,bir?-rate ,:atev] may be ! nebul\s aim ( bir? controll]s1 ! actual results ( bir? control are q def9ite4 ,we h no accurate in=mation reg>d+ ! ext5t to :i*1 bir? control is practis$1 =1 ne$less to say1 ! ,mal?usians c provide u ) no exact figures be>+ on ?is "q2 b we d "k t bir? control1 :5 adopt$1 is mo/ly practis$ among/ ! bett] paid artisans & weal?i] classes4 ,aft] full exam9ation ( ! evid5ce2 ! ,national ,bir?-rate ,commission 7 unanim\sly agre$ ,t ! great] incid5ce ( infant mortality ^u ! less prosp]\s classes does n r$uce _! effective f]tility to ! level ( t ( ! weal?i] classes4 #ha ,x is probable t ?is ,commission ov]e/imat$ ! ext5t to :i* bir? control has contribut$ to ! decl9+ bir?-rate2 b1 ev5 s1 ?is does n alt] ! obvi\s fact t artificial bir? control1 :5 adopt$1 r$uces f]tility to a l[] level ?an ,nature int5d$4 ,if language has any mean+1 bir? control means a fall+ bir?-rate1 & a fall+ bir?-rate means depopulation4 ,"h & !re ?is evil practice may increase ! mat]ial prosp]ity ( an individual1 b x l[]s ! prosp]ity ( ! nation by r$uc+ ! numb] ( citiz5s4 ,moreov]1 z bir? control is n a prevail+ vice among/ semi-civilis$ peoples1 ! adoption ( ?is practice by civilis$ nations means t ! proportion ( civilis$ to uncivilis$ inhabitants ( ! _w w be r$uc$4 ,if bir? control _h be5 ext5sively practis$ 9 ! pa/ ! colonisation ( ! ,briti% ,empire w\ld h be5 a physical impossibility2 & to-day1 9 our va/ ov]seas dom9ions1 are great empty spaces ^: untill$ soil & excell5t climate await a population4 ,is t population to be :ite1 or yell[8 ,a "q :i* to-day fills ! ,au/ralian ) appreh5sion4 7c7 ,a ,dang] to ! ,empire ,_m p are hone/ly p]plex$ by ,neo-,mal?usian propag&a1 & are hone/ly ignorant ( ! tru? conc]n+ ! population & ! food supply ( ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,!y ?9k t if ! population is increas+ fa/] ?an ! food supply1 !re is at lea/ "o argum5t 9 fav\r ( artificial bir? control f a practical1 al?\gh possibly n f an e?ical1 po9t ( view4 ,!y apply to t propag&a ! ord9>y te/ ( ! _w1 namely1 ',w x "w8' r ?an t o!r te/ :i* asks1 ',is x "r8' ,! "q ,i w\ld put to p :o reason 9 t way1 & !y are _m1 is a v simple "o4 ,if x c be prov$ t ,neo-,mal?usian propag&a is bas$ on an absolute falsehood1 w x n foll[ t ! *ief argum5t 9 fav\r ( artificial bir? control has be5 de/roy$8 ,let u put ?is matt] to ! pro(4 ,neo-,mal?usians /ate t ! population ( ! ,empire is increas+ m rapidly ?an ! food supply4 ,t is a def9ite /atem5t4 ,x is ei!r true or false4 ,to discov] ! tru?1 x is necess>y to ref] to ! ,memor&um ( ! ,dom9ions ,royal ,commission1 & x may be not$ t publications ( t sort are n usually read by ! g5]al public to :om ! ,neo-,mal?usians appeal4 ,! public are aw>e t ! /aff ( life is made f :eat1 b !y are n aw>e ( ! foll[+ facts1 :i* prove t 9 ?is matt]1 at any rate1 ,neo-,mal?usian /atem5ts are absolutely false4 ,9 =eign c\ntries ! increase ( ! :eat area is proce$+ at practically ! same rate z ! increase ( population4 ,)9 ! ,briti% ,empire ! :eat area is increas+ m rabidly ?an ! population4 ,betwe5 #aija & #aiaa ! p]c5tage increase ( ! :eat area 0 ne>ly sev5 times great] ?an ! increase ( population2 & ! p]c5tage increase 9 ! actual production ( :eat 0 ne>ly twelve times great] ?an ! increase ( population4 ,z ^! facts alone completely refute ! ,neo-,mal?usian argum5t1 x is advisable to reproduce "h ! (ficial /ati/ics4 #hb ,! requirem5ts ( :eat #hc = ! ,unit$ ,k+dom & ! ext5t to :i* ,home & ov]seas supplies contribut$ t[>ds ^! requirem5ts dur+ ! p]iod "u review c be briefly summ>is$ by ! foll[+ table1 viz43 ,normal ,supplies ,proportion ( supply ,annual requirem5ts av]age ,home ,ov]seas ,home ,ov]seas ,million ,million ,million ,p] ,p] cwts cwts cwts c5t c5t #aija-e #ach4h #bh4g #aaj4a #bj4g #gi4c #aijf-aj #adc4b #ca4i #aaa4c #bb4c #gg4g #aiaa-ac #adi4b #cb4i #aaf4c #bb4a #gg4i ,! ma9 s\rces ( ov]seas supply are too well kn[n to require recapitulation "h4 ,! imports f ! ,dom9ions & ,india & _! proportionate contribution to ! ,unit$ ,k+dom's total imports & :eat requirem5ts s9ce #aija h be5 z foll[s3 #aija-e ,p]c5tage ,f ,annual ,total ,total av]age imports requirem5ts ,million ,p] ,p] cwts c5t c5t ,canada #aj4c #i4b #g4d ,au/ralia #f4f #e4i #d4h ,new ,zeal& 4#d 4#d 4#c ,india #ae4e #ac4i #aa4b #cb4h #bi4d #bc4g #aijf-aj ,p]c5tage ,f ,annual ,total ,total av]age imports requirem5ts ,million ,p] ,p] cwts c5t c5t ,canada #ag4b #ae4a #ab4j ,au/ralia #i4d #h4b #f4f ,new ,zeal& 4#c 4#c 4#b ,india #ac4c #aa4g #i4c #cb4h #bi4d #bc4g #aiaa-ac ,p]c5tage ,f ,annual ,total ,total av]age imports requirem5ts ,million ,p] ,p] cwts c5t c5t ,canada #bd4e #bj4e #af4d ,au/ralia #ab4f #aj4f #h4d ,new ,zeal& 4#d 4#c 4#c ,india #ba4e #ah4j #ad4d #ei4j #di4d #ci4e ,! l>ge increase 9 ! proportion receiv$ f ! ,dom9ions is1 ( c\rse1 ma9ly due to ! great ext5sion ( :eat cultivation 9 ,we/]n ,canada s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! c5tury4 #hd ,future ,supplies ,z ! ,unit$ ,k+dom is dep5d5t = s l>ge a proportion ( its :eat supplies on ! surplus ( ov]sea c\ntries1 x is ( mat]ial int]e/ to exam9e :e!r ?is surplus is increas+1 or :e!r ! gr[? ( population is proce$+ m rapidly ?an ! ext5sion ( ! :eat-gr[+ area4 ,! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture & ,fi%]ies 9 #aiab e/imat$ #he t ! ext5sion ( ! :eat area & ! gr[? ( population dur+ ! p]iod #aija-aiaa 0 z foll[s3 ,:eat area ,p]c5t ,population4 ,p]c5t ,:eat-gr[+ age 9 age 9 c\ntries4 #aija4 #aiaa4 crease #aija4 #aiaa4 crease ,briti% ,empire ,?\s& ,?\s& ,?\s&s ,?\s&s 7,unit$ ,k+dom1 acres4 acres4 ,canada1 ,au/ralia1 ,new ,zeal&1 & ,india74 #cd1fif #ej1dij #de4e #bhc1che #cjb1aed #f4f ,european c\ntries4 #ih1cbf #aae1aje #ag4a #bia1fhe #ccg1aha #ae4f ,o!rs #fg1ijh #ha1djh #ai4i #aci1ibg #afh1hah #bj4f ,x is important to f9d t1 :ile 9 =eign c\ntries1 bo? ,european & extra-,european1 ! increase ( :eat area is proce$+ at practically ! same rate z ! increase ( population1 9 ! ,briti% ,empire ! :eat area is develop+ f> m rapidly1 s t ! ,empire z a :ole is becom+ m self-support+4 ,! total production ( :eat )9 ! ,briti% ,empire1 :i* 0 #bbg1ejj1jjj cwts4 9 #aija1 _h ris5 to #cii1gjj1jjj cwts4 9 #aiaa1 an increase ( #ge p] c5t4 ,! relative yield p] acre 9 #aiaa 0 z foll[s3 ,yield p] acre4 ,av]age = five ye>s1 #aijf-aj4 #aiaa4 ,bu%els4 ,bu%els4 ,unit$ ,k+dom #cb4hh #cb4if ,canada #ag4efhf #bj4hjhg ,au/ralia #aa4gd #i4fehh ,new ,zeal& #bh4gb #cf4gc ,india 7includ+ ,native ,/ates7 #aa4dd #ab4jb ,! =ego+ facts de/roy ! *ief ,neo-,mal?usian argum5t1 &1 z bir? control t5ds to ext+ui% ! bir?-rate1 ?is ,neo-,mal?usian propag&a is a m5ace to ! ,empire4 ,9 fact1 ! dang] is v great = ! simple reason t ! proportion ( :ite p )9 ! ,empire is v small4 ,! ,briti% ,empire's %>e ( ! _w's p is v l>ge1 b x ma9ly consi/s1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 ( ,asiatics & ,african natives4 ,! ,empire z a :ole conta9s ab\t #dej millions ( ! _w's #a1hjj millions1 made up r\ndly z foll[s3 ,unit$ ,k+dom #dg1jjj1jjj ,self-gov]n+ ,dom9ions #bb1jjj1jjj ,re/ ( ! ,empire 7*iefly ,india1 #cai millions7 #cgh1jjj1jjj ,total #ddg1jjj1jjj ,( ! great aggregate ,empire population ( #ddg millions1 ! :ite p acc\nt = no m ?an #fe millions4 ,t is to say1 outside ! ,unit$ ,k+dom itself ! ,empire has only #ah million :ite p1 or less ?an f\r million families4 ,t figure1 ( c\rse1 includes ,bo]s1 ,fr5*-,canadians1 & o!rs ( =eign extraction4 ,?is fact is cle>ly n realiz$ by ^? pres5t-day ,mal?usians :o assure u t too _m ,britons are be+ born4 #hi ,x is also well to rememb] t depopulation 9 ,italy prec$$ ! dis9tegration ( ! ,roman ,empire4 ,hi/orians h e/imat$ t1 :ile "u ! ,republic1 ,italy c\ld raise an army ( #hjj1jjj m51 "u ,titus t numb] 0 halv$4 ,un=tunately !re are "s to :om ?is argum5t w n appeal1 & w&]+ ab\t 9 our mid/ are a few lo/ s\ls1 s bemus$ by ! doctr9es ( int]national f9ance t !y see no virtue 9 patriotism or1 9 o!r words1 9 ! love t a man has = 8 own home4 ,!y are unmov$ by ! /ory ( sacrifice1 ( ?rift1 & ( pati5t tru/ 9 ,god t is told = in/ance 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,prote/ant manses ( ,scotl&1 :]e m9i/]s on sl5d] /ip5ds br\ght up families ( t5 & twelve1 :]e ! boys won s*ol>%ips at ! univ]sities1 & :]e wom5 7 ! mo!rs ( m54 ,^! days h be5 recall$ by ,norman ,macleod3 ,! m9i/]1 l mo/ ( 8 bre?r51 soon took to himself a wife1 ! daught] ( a neighb\r+ 'g5tleman tacksman1' & ! gr&-daught] ( a m9i/]1 well born & well br$2 & nev] did man f9d a help m meet = him4 ,9 t manse !y liv$ = ne>ly fifty ye>s1 & !re 7 born to !m sixte5 *ildr52 yet nei!r fa!r nor "m c\ld ev] lay h& on a *ild & say1 ',we wi% ?is "o _h n be54' ,!y 7 all a s\rce ( unm+l$ joy4444 #ij ,a 'wise' neighb\r once rem>k$1 ',t m9i/] ) 8 l>ge family w ru9 himself1 & if he dies !y w be begg>s4' ,yet !re has nev] be5 a begg> among !n to ! f\r? g5]ation4 #ia ,h[ did !y manage to provide = _! *ildr58 ,9 ?is pagan1 spoon-f$ age1 _m p w laugh :5 !y read ! answ]--9 a family lett]1 writt5 m ?an a hundr$ ye>s ago by a man :o 0 poor3 ,b ! ?\ght--,i _c provide = ^!6 ,take c>e1 m9i/]1 ! anxiety ( y\r affection does n unh+e t confid5ce ) :i* ! ,*ri/ian ought to repose ^u ! wise & good provid5ce ( ,god6 ,:at ?\gh y are to leave y\r *ildr5 poor & fri5dless8 ,is ! arm ( ! ,"l %ort5$1 t ,he _c help8 ,is ,8 e> heavy1 t ,he _c he>8 ,y y\rself h be5 no m ?an an in/rum5t 9 ! h& ( ,8 goodness2 & is ,8 goodness1 pray1 b\nd up 9 y\r feeble arm8 ,d y :at y c2 leave ! re/ to ,god4 ,let !m be good1 & fe> ! ,"l1 & keep ,8 comm&m5ts1 & ,he w provide = !m 9 ,8 own way & 9 ,8 own "t4 ,:y1 !n1 wilt ?\ be ca/ d[n1 ,o my s\l2 :y disquiet$ )9 me8 ,tru/ ?\ 9 ! ,"l6 ,"u all ! *anges & ! c>es & ! tr\bles ( ?is life1 may ! consolations ( religion support our spirits4 ,9 ! multitude ( ?\ghts )9 me1 ,?y com=ts ,o my ,god1 delight my s\l6 ,b no m ( ?is prea*+-l h>angue1 ( :i*1 ,i d\bt n1 y wi% to be reliev$4 ,let me r reply to y\r lett]1 & tell y my news4 #ib ,t lett] 0 writt5 by ,norman ,macleod1 orda9$ 9 #aggd1 & m9i/] ( ! ,*ur* ( ,scotl& 9 ,morv5 = "s =ty ye>s4 ,8 /ip5d 0 #dj1 aft]w>ds rais$ to #hj4 ,he _h a family ( sixte54 ,"o ( 8 sons 0 m9i/] 9 ,campbellt[n1 & lat] 9 ,glasg[4 ,he _h a family ( elev54 ,8 elde/ son 0 ,*apla9 to ,que5 ,victoria1 & wrote ! ,rem9isc5ces ( a ,highl& ,p>i%4 ,! bir? controll]s ask :y we %\ld br+ up *ildr5 at great co/ & tr\ble to ourselves1 & !y h be5 well answ]$ by a non-,ca?olic writ]1 ,dr4 ,w4,e4 ,home4 #ic ,"o ( my acqua9tances refuses to h a second *ild because he c\ld n !n play golf4 ,is !re1 !n1 no pleasure 9 *ildr5 :i* %all comp5sate = ! tr\bles & exp5ses !y br+ ^u y8 ,i notice t ! p5uri\s ,roman ,ca?olic ,fr5* ,canadian f>m]s are spread+ out ( ,quebec & occupy+ m & m ( ,ont>io4 ,i fancy ^! h>d-liv+ p>5ts w\ld ?9k _! /ruggles to br+ up _! l>ge 7t5 to tw5ty7 families wor? :ile :5 !y see h[ _! gr\p is /r5g!n+ its position4 ,if a race comes to f9d no in/9ctive pleasure 9 *ildr5 x w probably be swept away by o!rs m virile4 ,"o man w live :]e ano!r w />ve2 prud5ce & selfi%ness are n id5tical4 ,9 h] book1 ,! ,/r5g? ( a ,p1 ,mrs4 ,bosanquet1 :o sign$ ! ,majority ,report ( ! ,poor ,law ,commission1 tells ! /ory ( two girls 9 dome/ic s]vice :o became engag$4 ,"o 0 imprud5t1 m>ri$ at once1 liv$ 9 lodg+s1 tru/$ to ! ,*ur* & ! p>i% doctor to see h] ?r\gh h] fir/ conf9em5t1 _h no =esight or managem5t1 e succe$+ *ild only add$ to h] worries1 & h] m>riage 0 a failure4 ,! o!r 0 prud5t1 did n m>ry till1 aft] six mon?s1 %e & h] fianc _h *os5 a h\se & its furniture4 ,!n %e m>ri$1 & _! h\se 0 _! own c>eful *oice2 e table & *air rem9d$ !m ( ! aft]noon !y _h _h toge!r :5 x 0 *os52 !y 7 amusem5t en\gh to !mselves1 & !y sav$ _! money = ! exp5ses ( h] conf9em5t4 ,he _h n to seek amusem5t outside 8 home1 did 8 "w ) a high sanction & got promot$1 & ea* *ild 0 only an add$ pleasure4 ,idyllic2 yes1 b sometimes true4 ,"o ( ! happie/ m5 ,i h kn[n 0 a ,m>9e s]geant ) t5 *ildr51 & a b$ 9 8 h\se = /ray boys he ?\ght he %\ld help4 ,"o ( my fri5ds m>ri$ "y & _h five *ildr52 ?is requir$ managem5t4 ,he c]ta9ly c\ld n g trips1 take c\rses & extra qualifications1 b he did 8 "w all "r1 & 8 sons 7 !re to help 9 ! w>1 & "o ( !m has won a position ( ,imp]ial usefulness f> above t ( 8 fa!r or me4 ,is t no comp5sation to 8 p>5ts = old-"t difficulties !y h by n[ almo/ =gott58 ,a bad tree _c br+ =? good fruit4 ,dr4 ,w4,e4 ,home is "r1 & ! ,neo-,mal?usian golf] is wrong4 ,moreov]1 he is wrong z a golf]4 ,golf requires skill1 a f9e co-ord9ation ( sight & t\*1 mu* pati5ce & self-control3 & _m un=tunate p lack ^! qualities ( m9d & body1 & are !re=e unable to play ?is game ) pleasure to !mselves or to o!rs4 ,consequ5tly e golf]1 no matt] :e!r he accepts ! hypo!sis ( ,sp5c] or t ( ,weismann conc]n+ ! inh]itance ( acquir$ *>act]i/ics1 %\ld rejoice to see 8 l>ge family 9 ! l9ks z a good om5 = ! future ( ?is game1 al?\gh !re be "s o!r reasons t also ju/ify ! exi/5ce ( *ildr54 7d7 ,! ,dang]s ( ,small ,families ,9 a ,mal?usian leaflet1 writt5 = ! poor ,dr4 ,b9nie ,dunlop /ates3 ,y mu/ at lea/ admit t !re w\ld be no?+ l ! usual pov]ty if m>ri$ c\ples _h only "o *ild = e #bjs4 or s1 a week ( wages4 ,yet ! population w\ld cont9ue to increase rapidly1 because v few ( ! *ildr5 ( small families die or gr[ up weakly2 & x w\ld become /rong]1 ri*]1 & ( c\rse mu* happi]4 #id ,! false sugge/ion conta9$ 9 8 fir/ s5t5ce1 namely t a high bir?-rate is ! cause ( pov]ty1 has already be5 expos$ 7,*ap4 ,,ii71 & app>5tly ,dr4 ,b9nie ,dunlop has nev] consid]$ :y s _m ( ! ,engli% p %\ld be s poor z to enable him to make use ( _! v pov]ty 9 ord] to tempt !m to adopt an evil me?od ( bir? control4 ,moreov]1 8 second cont5tion1 t a small family produces a high] type ( *ild1 bett] f$1 bett] tra9$1 & heal?i]1 ?an is f\nd among/ ! *ildr5 ( l>ge families is contr>y to ! foll[+ facts1 z /at$ by ,pr(essor ,meyrick ,boo?3 #a4 ,a civilisation _c be ma9ta9$ ) an av]age ( less ?an ab\t f\r *ildr5 p] m>riage2 a small] numb] w lead to actual ext9ction4 #b4 ,mu* in=mation exi/s t5d+ to %[ t h]$ity /rongly fav\rs ! ?ird1 f\r?1 fif?1 & subsequ5t *ildr5 born to a giv5 c\ple1 r ?an ! fir/ two1 :o are peculi>ly apt to inh]it "s ( ! commone/ physical & m5tal defects 7^u ?is important po9t ! records ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,london ,eug5ics ,laboratory %\ld be consult$74 ,a population ) a l[ bir?-rate ?us naturally t5ds to deg5]ate4 ,x is ! normal1 & n ! small family1 t gives ! be/ *ildr54 #c4 ,! pres5t diff]5tial bir?-rate--high among/ ! less intellig5t classes & l[ among/ ! mo/ capable families--s f> f lead+ upw>ds1 is caus+ ! race to bre$ to a l[] type4 #d4 ,! small family enc\rages ! gr[? ( luxury & ! developm5t ( :at ,m4 ,l]oy-,beaulieu calls l'esprit arrivi/e4 #e4 ,! popul> idea t *ildbir? is injuri\s to a woman's heal? is probably q errone\s4 ,:]e ! bir?-rate is high ! heal? ( ! woman is app>5tly bett] ?an :]e x is artificially l[4 #f4 ,a /udy ( hi/ory does n %[ t nations ) l[ bir?-rates h be5 able to atta9 to a high] level ( civilisation4 ,su* nations h be5 ?ru/ into ! backgr\nd by _! h>di] neighb\rs4 #ie ,moreov]1 ,m4 ,l]oy-,beaulieu1 9 ,la ,"q de la ,population #if /ates t ^? di/ricts ( ,france :i* %[ an exceptionally l[ bir?rate are di/+ui%$ by a peculi> atmosph]e ( mat]ialism1 & t _! inhabitants exhibit1 9 a high degree1 an attitude ( m9d well nam$ l'esprit arrivi/e--! desire to conc5trate on outw>d success1 to pu% on1 to be climb]s1 to advance !mselves & _! *ildr5 9 fa%ionable society4 ,?is _s means ! will+ sacrifice ( all ideals ( e?ics or ( patriotism to family egoism4 ,to ?is m5tal attitude1 & to ! correspond+ abs5ce ( religion1 he attributes ! decl9e ( population4 ,9 conclusion ! foll[+ evid5ce is quot$ by ,pr(essor ,meyrick ,boo?3 ,! ,revue des ,deux ,mondes = ,july #aiaa conta9s a valuable acc\nt1 by a doctor resid5t 9 ,gascony1 ( ! /ate ( ?+s 9 t "p ( ,france 7:]e1 x w be rememb]$1 ! bir?-rate is especially l[74 ,he expresses ) ! utmo/ emphasis ! conviction t ! ,gascons are det]iorat+1 physically & m5tally1 & po9ts out1 at ! same "t1 t ! decl9e ( population has _h an injuri\s effect ^u ! economic condition ( ! c\ntry4 ',l'hyponatalit e/ une cause prcise et directe de la dgnresc5ce de la race1' he writes4 ,&1 deal+ ) ! belief t a l[ bir?rate w result 9 ! developm5t ( a sup]ior type ( *ild1 he says3 ',c'e/ une illusion qui ne rsi/e pas la lumire des faits tels que les montre l'tude dmographique de nos villages gascons4 ,depuis que beauc\p de bancs re/5t vides la petite cole1 les coli]s ne sont ni mieux d\s1 ni plus travailleurs1 et ils sont c]ta9em5t mo9s vig\reux4' ,& aga91 ',la quantit e/ en gnral la condition premire et s\v]a9e de la qualit4' #ig ,section #h4 ,,! ,,plot ,,aga9/ ,,*ri/5dom ,all purposive actions are ultimately bas$ on philosophy ( "o sort or ano!r4 ,if1 = example1 we f9d a ri* man f\nd+ hospitals = ! poor1 we may assume t he believes 9 ! pr9ciple ( ,*>ity4 ,x is1 !re=e1 ( prime importance to det]m9e :at k9d ( philosophy und]lies ,neo-,mal?usian propag&a4 ,! bir? controll]s pr(ess to be actuat$ solely by feel+s ( compassion & ( b5evol5ce t[>ds suff]+ humanity2 & x is on ^! gr\nds t !y are appeal+ to ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& to bless _! "w1 or at lea/ to l5d to _! propag&a a cloak ( respectability4 ,n[1 ! v fact t ,neo-,mal?usians are s9c]e 9 _! mi/ak5 & dang]\s convictions makes x all ! m necess>y t we %\ld discov] ! doctr9es on :i* _! propag&a 0 orig9ally bas$2 because1 al?\gh _! economic fallacies 7 borr[$ f ,mal?us1 _! philosophy came f a diff]5t s\rce4 ,?is philosophy is to be f\nd1 nak$ & una%am$1 9 a book entitl$ ,! ,elem5ts ( ,social ,sci5ce4 ,i h already ref]r$ to ?is "w z ! ,bible ( ,neo-,mal?usians1 & its tea*+ has be5 endors$ z rec5tly z #aije by ! (ficial j\rnal ( ! ,mal?usian ,league1 z witness ! foll[+ eulogy1 ^: la/ l9es recall ! happy days ( ,bret ,h>te 9 ! ,f> ,we/1 & ! eloqu5t p]iods ( our old & valu$ fri5d ,colonel ,/>bottle3 ,?is "w %\ld be read by all foll[]s ( ,j4,s4 ,mill1 ,g>ni]1 & ! ,neo-,mal?usian s*ool ( economi/s4 ,we c\ld give a long criticism ( ! _m important *apt]s 9 ?is book2 b1 z we might be consid]$ z prejudic$ 9 its fav\r because ( our agreem5t ) its aims1 we pref] to cite ! op9ion giv5 by ! editor ( t widely circulat$ & mo/ enlight5$ pap] ,! ,weekly ,times & ,e*o1 :i* appe>s 9 its issue ( ,octob] #h4 #ih ,be=e quot+ f ! book an explanation is due to my read]s4 ,i d n sugge/ t all ( ^? :o are to-day support+ ! propag&a = artificial bir? control w\ld agree ) its fooli% blasphemies & drivell+ imbecilities2 b x is nev]!less necess>y to quote ^! ?+s1 because our bir? controll]s are too wise 9 _! day & g5]ation to reveal to ! public1 /ill less to ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 ! philosophy on :i* ,neo-,mal?usianism 0 orig9ally bas$1 & f :i* x has gr[n4 ,moreov]1 ! ,mal?usians claim t x 0 ! au?or ( ! ,elem5ts ( ,social ,sci5ce :o int]e/$ ,mr4 ,*>les ,bradlaugh & ,mrs4 ,annie ,besant 9 ! "q4 #ii ,f\r quotations f ! la/ edition ( ! book w suffice3 ,b ?is is a c]ta9 tru?1 t any human be+1 any "o ( u1 no matt] h[ fall5 & degrad$1 is an inf9itely m glori\s & adorable be+ ?an any ,god t ev] 0 or w be conceiv$ 7p4 #dac74 ,9 ju/ice to ! memory ( ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 :om ,mal?usians are ev] quot+1 x %\ld be not$ t ! =ego+ blasphemy is no?+ m nor less ?an a burlesque ( ,positivism or ( ,agno/icism4 ,! tea*+ ( ,mill1 ,ba91 & ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c] 0 t ! k ( ,god & ( ,8 nature is impossible1 because our s5ses are ! only s\rce ( k4 ,_! reason+ 0 wrong--because a prim>y condition ( all k is memory1 9 itself an intuition1 because prim>y ma!matical axioms are intellectual intuitions1 & because m9d has ! p[] ( ab/raction2 b1 ev5 s1 n "o ( ^! m5 0 capable ( hav+ writt5 ! above-quot$ passage4 ,! next quotation ref]s to m>riage4 ,m>riage is bas$ ^u ! idea t con/ant & unv>y+ love is ! only "o :i* is pure & hon\rable1 & :i* %\ld be recognis$ z morally good4 ,b !re c\ld n be a great] error ?an ?is4 ,love is1 l all o!r human passions & appetites1 subject to *ange1 d]iv+ a great "p ( its =ce & cont9uance f v>iety 9 its objects2 & to attempt to fix x to an inv>iable *annel is to try to alt] ! laws ( its nature7p4 #cec74 ,t quotation is an example ( h[ evil ideas may arise f muddl$ ?9k+3 because if ! ^w lu/ be sub/itut$ = ! ^w love 9 ! ?ird s5t5ce1 ! rema9+ =ty-five words w\ld m]ely convey a simple tru?1 express$ by ,kipl+ 9 two l9es3 ,= ! m y 'ave kn[n o' ! o!rs ,! less w y settle to "o4 ,v few p1 ,i suppose1 are s fooli% z to believe t man is by nature ei!r a *a/e or a con/ant animal1 & inde$ 9 ?is respect he appe>s to 8 disadvantage :5 comp>$ ) c]ta9 v>ieties ( birds1 :i* are by nature con/ant to ea* o!r4 ,on ! o!r h&1 millions ( p believe t man is able to ov]come 8 animal nature2 & = ! pa/ two ?\s& ye>s ! civilis$ races ( ! _w h held t ?is is a goal t[>ds :i* mank9d %\ld /rive4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ,*ri/5dom *a/ity & m>riage are bo? morally good1 b1 accord+ to ! philosophy ( our ,neo-,mal?usian au?or1 !y are morally evil4 ,*a/ity1 or complete sexual ab/95ce1 s f> f be+ a virtue1 is inv>iably a great natural s9 7p4 #afb74 ,is x n obvi\s t to ! writ]s ( su* passages love is synonym\s ) animalism1 ) lu/8 ,x is by no means necess>y to g to sa9ts or to morali/s = a refutation ( ?is ,neo-,mal?usian philosophy4 ,does any dec5t ord9>y man or woman agree ) x8 ,ask ! man 9 ! /reet4 ,turn ! pages ( our lit]ature4 ,ref] to ,*auc] or ,sp5s]1 to ,%akespe>e or ,milton1 ref] to ,field+ or ,burns or ,scott or ,t5nyson4 ,"s ( ^! m5 7 v imp]fect2 b !y all knew ! diff]5ce betwe5 lu/ & love2 & x is because !y c tell u at lea/ some?+ ( t :i* is preci\s1 endur+1 e!real1 & div9e 9 love t we read _! pages & hon\r _! names4 ,n "o ( ^! m5 c\ld h writt5 ! foll[+ s5t5ce3 ,m>riage di/racts our att5tion f ! real sexual duties1 & ?is is "o ( its wor/ effects 7p4 #cff74 ,n[ x is c]ta9 t if ! real sexual duties are repres5t$ by promiscu\s =nication1 !n bo? m>riage & *a/ity are evil ?+s4 ,t philosophy is v old4 ,f "t immemorial--x has be5 advocat$ by "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful intellig5ces 9 ! univ]se4 ,su* is ! soil on :i* ! ,neo-,mal?usian fungus has gr[n--a soil t w\ld rot ! f\ndations ( ,europe4 ,footnote #ff3 ,! ,lancet1 ,may #ad1 #aiba1 p4 #ajbd ,footnote #fg3 ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 #aiba1 vol4 ii1 p4 #ic4 ,footnote #fh3 ,! ,small ,family ,sy/em1 #bnd edit41 p4 #b4 ,footnote #fi3 ,supplem5t to ,! ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 ,m>* #ah1 #aije1 p4 #aaj4 ,footnote #gj3 ,common ,s5se on ! ,population ,"q1 by ,t]esa ,bill+ton-,greig1 p4 #d4 ,publi%$ by ! ,mal?usian ,league4 ,footnote #ga3 ,m$ico-,legal ,society1 ,july #g1 #aiba4 ,footnote #gb3 ,suppl4 ,qu4 #di1 ,art4 #f3 ,voluptates m]etricias vir 9 uxore quo]it qu&o nihil aliud 9 ea att5dit quam quod 9 m]etrice att5d]et 7,a husb& seeks f 8 wife h>lot pleasures :5 he asks f h] only :at he might ask f a h>lot74 ,quot$ by ! ,rev4 ,v9c5t ,mc,nabb1 ,o4,p41 ,! ,ca?olic ,gazette1 ,septemb] #aiba1 p4 #aie4 ,footnote #gc3 ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 #aiba1 vol4 ii1 p4 #afi4 ,footnote #gd3 ,reproduc$ 9 f\r? edition1 #ahfa4 ,footnote #ge3 ,essays 9 ,m$ical ,sociology1 #ahii4 ,revis$ & pr9t$ = private circulation1 p4 #ie1 7,copy 9 ,libr>y ( ,royal ,society ( ,m$ic9e74 ,footnote #gf3 ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 ,augu/ #bj1 #aiba1 p4 #cjb4 ,footnote #gg3 ,/4 ,matt4 xviii4 #f4 ,footnote #gh3 ,proce$+s ( ! ,m$ico-,legal ,society1 ,july #g1 #aiba ,footnote #gi3 ,t arrangem5t ( society 9 :i* s consid]able a numb] ( ! families & individuals are con/ra9$ by positive law to lab\r = ! advantage ( o!r families & individuals z to /amp ! :ole community ) ! m>k ( su* lab\r we call ,! ,s]vile ,/ate4--,hilaire ,belloc1 ,! ,s]vile ,/ate1 #aiab1 p4 #af4 ,footnote #hj3 ,! ,secret>y ( ! ,mal?usian ,league4 ,vide ,! ,decl9+ ,bir?-rate1 #aiaf1 p4 #hi4 ,footnote #ha3 ,! ,decl9+ ,bir?-rate1 #aiaf1 p4 #cg4 ,footnote #hb3 ,dom9ions ,royal ,commission1 ,memor&um & ,tables relat+ to ! ,food & ,raw ,mat]ial ,requirem5ts ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom3 prep>$ by ! ,royal ,commission on ! ,natural ,res\rces1 ,trade1 & ,legislation ( ,c]ta9 ,portions ( ,8 ,maje/y's ,dom9ions4 ,novemb]1 #aiae1 pp4 #a & #b4 ,my italics--,h4,g4,s4 ,footnote #hc3 i4e4 gra91 :eatmeal1 & fl\r ,footnote #hd3 ,= p>ticul>s ( ?is increase see ,canada ,ye> ,book #aiac1 p4 #add4 ,footnote #he3 ,see pp4 #chg-h ( ,cd4 #fehh4 ,footnote #hf3 ,av]age = p]iod #aijg-aiaj & exclud+ ,briti% ,columbia1 :]e ! yield p] acre 9 #aiaa1 ! only ye> = :i* figures are available1 av]ag$ #bi-cg bu%els4 ,footnote #hg3 ,includ+ ,briti% ,columbia4 ,footnote #hh3 ,bel[ ! av]age4 ,! yield p] acre 9 #aiab 0 #ab4ec bu%els1 & 9 #aiac #aa4ah4 ,footnote #hi3 ,! ,obs]v]1 ,nov4 #aa1 #aiba4 ,footnote #ij3 ,rem9isc5ces ( a ,highl& ,p>i%1 by ,norman ,macleod1 ,d4,d41 #ahgf1 p4 #bg4 ,footnote #ia3 ,ibid41 p4 #cd4 ,footnote #ib3 ,ibid41 p4 #ia4 ,footnote #ic3 ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 ,augu/ #ac1 #aiba1 p4 #bfa4 ,footnote #id3 ,leaflet ( ! ,mal?usian ,league4 ,footnote #ie3 ,! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal1 ,octob] #aiad1 p4 #aec4 ,my italics4--,h4,g4,s4 ,footnote #if3 ,quot$ by ,pr(essor ,meyrick ,boo?1 ,! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal1 ,octob] #aiad1 p4 #aec4 ,footnote #ig3 ,! ,hibb]t ,j\rnal1 ,octob] #aiad4 ,footnote #ih3 ,! ,mal?usian1 ,novemb] #aije1 p4 #hd ,footnote #ii3 ,c4,v4 ,drysdale1 ,o4,b4,e41 ,d4 ,sc41 ,! ,small ,family ,sy/em1 #aiah1 p4 #aej4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,! ,,religi\s ,,argum5t ,,aga9/ ,,bir? ,,control ,section #a4 ,,an ,,(f5ce ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,law ,,( ,,nature ,bir? control is aga9/ ! law ( nature1 :i* ,*ri/ians believe to be ! reflection ( ! div9e law 9 human affairs1 & any violation ( ?is law 0 held to be vici\s ev5 by ! anci5t pagan _w4 ,to ?is argum5t an advocate ( bir? control has made answ]3 ,we int]f]e ) nature at e po9t--we %ave1 cut our hair1 cook our food1 fill cavities 9 our tee? 7or we> artificial tee?71 clo! ourselves1 we> boots1 hats1 & wa% our faces1 s :y %\ld bir? alone be sacr$ f ! t\* & play ( human m\ld+8 #ajj ,:y8 ,= a v simple reason4 ,bir? control belongs to ! moral sph]e2 x ess5tially affects man's progress 9 good1 :]eas all ! o!r ?+s t he m5tions h no m moral significance ?an has ! practice ( agriculture4 ,reg>d$ 9 ! light ( ! law ( nature !y are neutral actions1 nei!r good nor bad 9 !mselves1 rais+ no "q ( "r or wrong1 & hav+ no real be>+ on ! accompli%m5t ( human de/9y4 ,to make no di/9ction betwe5 ! m]ely physical law ( nature 7express$ 9 ! inv>iable t5d5cy ( ev]y?+ to act accord+ to its k9d7 & ! natural moral law :i* gov]ns human conduct1 is to pron\nce oneself a mat]iali/4 ,yet ev5 a mat]iali/ ought to d5\nce ! practice ( bir? control1 z x violates ! laws ( nature :i* regulate physical well-be+4 ,b1 says ! mat]iali/1 x is n possible = anyone to act aga9/ nature1 because all actions take place 9 nature1 & !re=e e act is a natural act4 ,q s3 9 t s5se murd] is a natural act2 ev5 unnatural vice is a natural act4 ,w any "o def5d !m8 ,!re is a natural law 9 ! physical _w1 & !re is a natural law 9 consci5ce--a law ( "r conduct4 ,c]ta9 actions are "u ! control ( ! human w1 :i* is able to rebel aga9/ ! moral law ( nature1 & ! pagan poet ,aes*ylus traces all human sorr[ to ! p]v]se human w omnipres5t4 ,z bir? control means ! delib]ate fru/ration ( a natural act :i* might h issu$ 9 a new life1 x is an unnatural crime1 & is /igmatis$ by !ologians z a s9 ak9 to murd]4 ,to ?is *>ge bir? controll]s fur!r reply t millions ( ! elem5ts ( procreation are de/roy$ by ,nature h]self1 & t to add "o m to ^! millions sacrific$ by ,nature is surely no crime4 ,?is attempt at argum5t is pa!tic4 ,if ^! p knew ev5 ! ,a4,b4,c4 ( biology1 !y w\ld "k t millions ( ^? elem5ts are all[$ to p]i% by ,nature = a def9ite purpose--namely1 to make procreation m c]ta94 ,x is 9 ord] t ! "o may a*ieve ! desir$ end t x is re9=c$ by millions ( o!rs4 ,moreov]1 al?\gh millions ( dea?s 9 ! _w occur e ye> f natural causes1 x w\ld nev]!less1 ,i fe>1 be a crime if ,i 7 to cause "o m dea? by murd]+ a bir? controll]4 ,section #b4 ,,reflect$ ,,9 ,,! ,,normal ,,consci5ce ,9 common ) irrational animals we h in/9cts1 appetites1 & passions2 b1 unlike ! animals1 we h ! p[] to reflect :e!r an action is "r or wrong 9 itself ap>t f its consequ5ces4 ,?is p[] ( moral judgm5t is call$ consci5ce2 & x is consci5ce :i* reflects ! natural law 7! ,div9e ,nature express$ 9 creation74 ,z consci5ce1 :5 violat$1 c & does give rise to an unpleasant feel+ ( %ame 9 ! m9d1 we h good reason to believe t x exi/s = ! purpose ( prev5t+ u f do+ %ameful actions1 j z our eyes are int5d$1 among/ o!r ?+s1 to prev5t u f walk+ ov] precipices4 ,moreov]1 if ! consci5ce is active1 in/ruct$1 & unbiass$1 x w inv>iably give ! correct answ] to any "q ( "r or wrong4 ,x is possible to ass]t1 )\t fe> ( contradiction1 t no ord9>y dec5t man or woman approa*es or beg9s ! practice ( artificial bir? control )\t exp]i5c+ at fir/ unpleasant feel+s ( uneas9ess1 hesitation1 repugnance1 %ame1 & remorse4 ,lat] on ^! feel+s may be ov]come by habit1 = ! voice ( consci5ce w cease :5 x has be5 frequ5tly ignor$4 ,?is does n alt] ! fact t at fir/ ! natural moral in/9cts ( bo? m5 & wom5 d revolt aga9/ ^! practices4 ,to ! consci5ce ( mank9d bir? control is a %ameful action4 ,section #c4 ,,express$ ,,9 ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,e?ics ,! dictates ( consci5ce g to =m ! sci5ce ( e?ics4 ,accord+ to e?ics1 ! practice ( bir? control means ! do+ ( an act :il/ at ! same "t fru/rat+ ! object = :i* ! act is int5d$4 ,x is l us+ language to conceal ! tru?1 or us+ appetite s z to injure r ?an to promote heal?4 ,dur+ ! decl9e ( ! ,roman ,empire m5 gorg$ !mselves ) food1 took an emetic1 vomit$1 & !n sat d[n to eat aga94 ,!y satiat$ _! appetite & fru/rat$ ! object = :i* appetite is int5d$4 ,! practice ( bir? control is p>allel to ?is piggi%ness4 ,no "o c d5y t ! sexual impulse has = aim ! procreation ( *ildr54 ,! bir? controll]s seek to gratify ! impulse1 yet to defeat ! aim2 & !y are s hone/ 9 _! mi/ak5 convictions t1 :5 fac$ ) ?is argum5t1 !y boldly adopt an attitude :i* spells intellectual & moral an>*y4 ,!y say t x is simply a wa/e ( "t to discuss ! moral aspect ( ?is practice4 ,)\t be+ able to dispute ! tru? t bir? control is aga9/ nature1 consci5ce1 & e?ics1 !y attempt to prove t at any rate ! results ( ?is practice are b5eficial1 or 9 o!r words t a good end ju/ifies ! use ( evil means4 ,?is is a doctr9e t has be5 univ]sally repudiat$ by mank9d4 #aja ,nev]!less1 if bir? control1 9 spite ( its be+ an (f5ce aga9/ moral & natural law1 0 really b5eficial to humanity1 !n bir? controll]s w\ld be able to claim pragmatic ju/ification = ! practices1 & to argue t :at actually & univ]sally t5ds to ! good ( mank9d _c be bad 9 itself4 ,bir? control1 z ,i h already %[n1 does n con=m to ^! conditions2 !re=e t argum5t also fails4 ,section #d4 ,,bir? ,,control ,,condemn$ ,,by ,,prote/ant ,,*ur*es ,! ,prote/ants1 at ! "t ( ! ,re=mation1 reta9$ & ev5 exagg]at$ c]ta9 beliefs ( ! undivid$ ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,none ( !m d\bt$1 = in/ance1 t ! ,bible 0 ! ,^w ( ,god & !re=e a guide to moral conduct4 ,!y knew t artificial bir? control is =bidd5 by ! ,bible1 & t 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ! puni%m5t = t s9 0 dea?4 #ajb ,9 #ahgf1 :5 ,*>les ,bradlaugh advocat$ 9 a notori\s pamphlet ! practice ( bir? control1 8 views 7 d5\nc$ f e ,prote/ant pulpit 9 ! l&1 & 7 widely repudiat$ by ! upp] & middle classes ( ,engl&4 ,b x w\ld seem t ,prote/ant morality is n[ disappe>+ ) ! spread ( indiff]5tism1 & ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es h no long] ! same influ5ce on ! public & private life ( ! nation4 ,prote/antism has la/$ = #djj ye>s1 b ?\gh x has la/$ long] ?an any o!r =m ( belief :i* took rise 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 x is n[ also dy+4 ,9 #aiai ! numb] ( p ov] sev5 ye>s ( age 9 ,engl& :o pr(ess$ belief 9 any *ur* 0 #aj1hcc1gie 7out ( #dj1jjj1jjj71 & ! *ur* att5dance equall$ #g1jjj1jjj1 or ab\t #a out ( e #e p4 #ajc ,aga91 a ,commission appo9t$ by ! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es to inquire into ! religi\s beliefs held 9 ! ,briti% armies ( ! ,great ,w> has endors$ ! foll[+ /atem5ts3 ,ev]yone mu/ be /ruck ) ! appall+ ignorance ( ! simple/ religi\s tru?s4 ,probably #hj p] c5t1 ( ^! m5 f ! ,midl&s _h nev] he>d ( ! sacram5ts4444 ,x is n only t ! m5 d n "k ! mean+ ( ',*ur* ( ,engl&'2 !y are ignorant ( ! hi/orical facts ( ! life ( our ,"l4 ,nor mu/ x be assum$ t ?is ignorance is conf9$ to m5 :o h pass$ ?r\gh ! elem5t>y s*ools4 ,! same v]dict is record$ ^u ^? :o h be5 educat$ 9 our public s*ools4444 ,! m5 are hopelessly p]plex$ by ! lack ( ,*ri/ian unity4 #ajd ,9 my op9ion ^! /atem5ts are exagg]ations1 b t 0 n ! view ( ! ,commission4 ,z reg>ds ,scotl&1 x has rec5tly be5 /at$ at ! ,lo?ian ,synod ( ! ,unit$ ,free ,*ur* t 9 #aiaa at lea/ #cg p] c5t4 ( ! m5 & wom5 ( ,scotl& 7 )\t *ur* connection4 #aje ,9 #ahgj1 ( e #a1jjj m>riages1 #gfj 7 accord+ to ! rites ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 b 9 #aiai ! proportion _h fall5 to #eig4 ,dur+ ! same p]iod civil m>riages )\t religi\s c]emonial increas$ f #ih to #bca p] #a1jjj4 #ajf ,^! figures are an index ( ! religi\s complexion ( ! c\ntry4 ,! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es are be+ /rangl$ by ! developm5t ( a g]m t 0 inh]5t 9 !m f ! beg9n+1 & t gr[? is ,rationalism4 ,! majority ( ! upp]1 pr(essional1 & artisan class c no long] be claim$ z /aun* ,prote/ants1 b z vague !i/s2 & among/ ^! educat$ p1 misl$ by false ideas ( pleasure & by p]nici\s nons5se writt5 ab\t self-realisation1 ! practice ( bir? control has spread mo/ al>m+ly4 ,?is is an evil aga9/ :i* all religi\s bodies :o reta9 a belief 9 ! fundam5tal facts ( ,*ri/ianity might surely unite 9 action4 ,9 a ,ca?olic c\ntry !re w\ld be no ne$1 9 ! fur!rance ( public welf>e1 to write on ! evils ( bir? control4 ,! tea*+ ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* w\ld be g5]ally accept$1 & a moral law g5]ally accept$ by ! inhabitants ( a c\ntry gives /r5g? to ! ,/ate4 ,b ,great ,brita91 no long] ,ca?olic1 is n[ 9 "s dang] ( ceas+ to be ev5 a ,*ri/ian c\ntry4 ,9 #ahhe x 0 ass]t$1 ,engl& alone is report$ to conta9 "s sev5 hundr$ sects1 ea* ( :om proves a :ole sy/em ( !ology & morals f ! ,bible4 #ajg ,ea* ( ^! t n[ survives gives its own p>ticul> explanation ( ! law ( ,god1 :i* x hone/ly tries to foll[1 b at "o po9t or ano!r ea* & e sect diff]s f its neighb\rs4 ,on acc\nt ( ^! diff]5ces ( op9ion _m p say3 ,! ,*ur*es _c agree among/ !mselves z to :at is tru?2 !y _c all be "r2 x is1 !re=e1 impossible = me to "k ) c]ta9ty :at to believe2 &1 to be q hone/1 x may save me a lot ( bo!r j at pres5t to h no v firm belief at all4 ,?is means t 9 ,great ,brita9 !re is no uni=m moral law cov]+ all human conduct & g5]ally accept$ by ! mass ( ! p4 ,z ! practice ( artificial bir?-rate control is n only contr>y to ,*ri/ian morality1 b is also a m5ace to ! prosp]ity & well-be+ ( ! nation1 ! abs5ce ( a uni=m moral law1 common to all ! p & =bidd+ ?is practice1 is a s\rce ( grave weakness 9 ! ,/ate4 ,,app5dix ,,to ,,*apt] ,,viii ,a ,,neo-,,mal?usian ,,attack ,,on ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,engl& ,z 0 prov$ 9 a previ\s *apt] 7p4 #abj7 artificial bir? control 0 orig9ally bas$ on ,a!ism1 & on a philosophy ( moral an>*y4 ,fur!r pro( ( ?is fact is to be f\nd 9 ! c\rse ( a mo/ edify+ dispute betwe5 two rival ,neo-,mal?usians4 ,?is qu>rel is betwe5 ,dr4 ,m>ie ,c4 ,/opes1 ,presid5t ( ! ,society = ,con/ructive ,bir? ,control & ,racial ,progress1 :o is n a ,doctor ( ,m$ic9e b ( ,philosophy1 & ,dr4 ,b9nie ,dunlop1 :o is a ,ba*elor ( ,m$ic9e3 & :5 bir? controll]s fall out we may humbly hope t tru? w prevail4 ,dr4 ,/opes ma9ta9s t artificial bir? control 0 n an a!i/ic movem5t1 :]eas ,dr4 ,b9nie ,dunlop cont5ds t ! pione]s ( ! movem5t 7 ,a!i/s4 ,! beg9n+ ( ! tr\ble 0 a lett] writt5 by ,dr4 ,/opes to ! ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 9 :i* %e made ! foll[+ /atem5t3 ,dr4 ,m>t9dale is report$ 9 y\r pages to h giv5 an address to m$ical wom5 9 :i* %e po9t$ out t ! bir? control movem5t 9 ,engl& dat$ f ! ,bradlaugh trial 9 #ahgg4 ,_h %e att5d$ ! presid5tial address ( ! ,society = ,con/ructive ,bir? ,control %e w\ld h le>n$ t !re 0 a v fl\ri%+ movem5t1 c5tr+ r\nd ,dr4 ,trall 9 #ahff1 ye>s be=e ,bradlaugh t\*$ ! subject1 & also a consid]able movem5t e>li] ?an t4 ,?is po9t is important1 z 'bir? control' has hi!rto 7errone\sly7 be5 mu* prejudic$ 9 popul> op9ion by be+ suppos$ to be an a!i/ical movem5t orig9at$ by ,bradlaugh4 #ajh ,dr4 ,/opes1 :o has be5 work+ ov]time 9 ! attempt to obta9 "s religi\s sanction = h] propag&a1 is ready n only to ?r[ ! ,a!i/s ov]bo>d1 b also to ass]t t a fl\ri%+ movem5t = artificial bir? control c5tr$ r\nd ! late ,dr4 ,trall1 :o 0 a ,*ri/ian4 ,h] lett] 0 answ]$ by ,dr4 ,b9nie ,dunlop z foll[s3 ,dr4 ,m>ie ,c4 ,/opes1 ^: valuable books ,i con/antly recomm5d1 prote/s 7page #hgb7 aga9/ ! /atem5t t ! bir? control movem5t 9 ,engl& dat$ f ! trial ( ,*>les ,bradlaugh 9 #ahgg--;= re-publi%+ ,dr4 ,kn[lton's pamphlet1 ,! ,fruits ( ,philosophy because ! ,gov]nm5t _h int]dict$ x4 ,%e mu/ admit1 h[ev]1 t !re 0 no organis$ movem5t any:]e until ,bradlaugh & ! ,doctors ,drysdale1 imm$iately aft] ! trial1 f\nd$ ! ,mal?usian ,league1 & t ! decl9e ( ,europe's bir?rate began 9 t ye>4 ,x may n[ seem un=tunate t ! pione]s ( ! contraceptives idea1 f #ahah onw>ds 7,james ,mill1 ,francis ,place1 ,ri*>d ,c>lile1 ,rob]t ,dale ,ow51 ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 ,dr4 ,kn[lton1 ,dr4 ,george ,drysdale1 ,dr4 ,c4,r4 ,drysdale1 & ,*>les ,bradlaugh71 7 all ,free-?9k]s2 & ,dr4 ,/opes h>ps on ! religi\s & praisewor?y ,dr4 ,trall1 an ,am]ican1 :o publi%$ ,sexual ,physiology 9 #ahff4 ,b ,dr4 ,trall 0 n at all a /rong advocate ( contraceptive me?ods4 ,aft] a brief b helpful ref]5ce to ! idea ( plac+ a me*anical ob/ruction1 su* z a sponge1 aga9/ ! os ut]i1 he said3 ,let x be di/9ctly und]/ood t ,i d n approve any me?od = prev5t+ pregnancy except t ( ab/95ce1 nor any means = produc+ abortion1 on ! gr\nd t x is or c be 9 any s5se physiological4 ,x is only ! lea/ ( two evils4 ,:5 p w live physiologically !re w be no ne$ ( prev5tive measures1 nor w !re be any ne$ = works ( ?is k9d4 #aji ,t is a mo/ in=mative lett]4 ,9 simple language ,dr4 ,b9nie ,dunlop tells ! rem>kable /ory ( h[ 9 #ahgf ?ree ,a!i/s1 m]ely by =m+ a little ,society 9 ,london1 7 able to cause an imm$iate fall 9 ! bir?-rate ( ,europe4 ,:5 y come to ?9k ( x1 t 0 a /up5d\s ?+ = any ?ree m5 to h a*iev$4 ,i am v glad t ,dr4 ,b9nie ,dunlop has def5d$ ! ,a!i/s & has pa9t$ ! late ,dr4 ,trail1 despite t brief b helpful ref]5ce1 9 8 true col\rs z a ,*ri/ian4 ,nev]!less1 ,dr4 ,/opes _h ! la/ ^w3 ,z reg>ds ,dr4 ,dunlop1 he n[ %ifts ! ,a!i/s' position by add+ ! ^w 'organis$4' ,! ,a!i/s nev] tire ( repeat+ c]ta9 def9ite mis/atem5ts1 examples ( :i* are3 ',if x 7 n = ! fact t ! despis$ ,a!i/s1 ,*>les ,bradlaugh & ,annie ,besant1 fac$ imprisonm5t1 misrepres5tation1 insult1 & o/racism = ?is cause =ty-f\r ye>s ago1 %e ,dr4 ,/opes w\ld n be able to conduct h] campaign to-day' 7,lit]>y ,guide1 ,novemb]1 #aiba72 & ',be=e ! ,kn[lton trial1 nei!r ri* nor poor knew any?+ wor? c\nt+ ab\t contraceptive devices' 7,mal?usian1 ,novemb] #ae1 #aiba74 ,v>iations ( ^! /atem5ts h be5 incessantly made1 & ,i dealt ) _! cont5tions 9 ! presid5tial address = ! ,c4,b4,c4 ,mean:ile to !m ,i reply t3 ',!re has nev] be5 9 ?is c\ntry any law aga9/ ! dissem9ation ( prop]ly pres5t$ bir? control in=mation1 & be=e1 dur+1 & aft] ! ,bradlaugh trial prop]ly pres5t$ in=mation on bir? control 0 ext5d+ its range ) full lib]ty4' ,my address is n[ 9 ! press1 & :5 publi%$ w make public n only new matt] f manuscript lett]s ( v e>ly date 9 my possession1 b o!r ov]look$ hi/orical facts4 ,i h already told ,dr4 ,dunlop ,i refuse to be drawn into a discussion on facts an acc\nt ( :i* is /ill 9 ! press4 #aaj ,! lady1 by h] diss]tation on ! ,laws ( ,engl&1 makes a clumsy ef=t to evade ! po9t at issue1 :i* is q simple1 namely1 :e!r x 0 ,a!i/s or ,*ri/ians :o initiat$ ! ,neo-,mal?usian movem5t1 organis$ or unorganis$4 ,dr4 ,b9nie ,dunlop has "h prov$ 8 case4 ,i also d ma9ta9 t 9 ?is matt] all cr$it mu/ be giv5 to ! ,a!i/s2 & t x w\ld be truly contemptible to d5y ?is fact m]ely 9 ord] to p&] to a popul> prejudice aga9/ ,a!ism4 ,nor am ,i %ak5 9 ?is op9ion :5 ,dr4 ,/opes po9ts out t !re 0 a ,neo-,mal?usian movem5t prior to #ahgf4 ,( c\rse !re 0 a movem5t1 b x 0 always an a!i/ic movem5t4 ,9 ! pa/ no ,*ri/ian doctor1 & inde$ no ,*ri/ian man or woman1 advocat$ artificial bir? control4 ,let u give ! ,neo-,mal?usian 8 due4 ,until rec5tly bo? ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& & ! m$ical pr(ession pres5t$ practically a unit$ front aga9/ ,neo-,mal?usian tea*+2 &1 z late z #aiad1 ! ,mal?usian ,league did n hesitate to make use ( ! foll[+ calumnies1 v mean1 v spiteful1 v imbecile3 ,take ! cl]gy4 ,!y are ! (fic]s ( a ,*ur* t has made m>riage a s\rce ( rev5ue & ( social control2 !y prea* f a sacr$ book t bids ! *os5 p ( ,god 'multiply & repl5i% ! e>?'2 !y "k t l>ge families g5]ally t5d to pres]ve cl]ical influ5ce & au?ority2 & !y claim t e baby is a new s\l pres5t$ to ,god &1 !re=e1 = ,8 hon\r & glory1 ! greate/ possible numb] ( s\ls %\ld be produc$4 #aaa ,t feeble attempt to poison ! atmosph]e 0 naturally ignor$ by intellig5t p2 & m ?an once ,lambe? has rul$ t artificial bir? control is s94 ,un=tunately1 )9 ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 9 spite ( ! ,lambe? rul+1 !re is /ill discussion z to :e!r artificial bir? control is or is n s91 ! ,bi%ops1 z a :ole1 mak+ a loyal ef=t to uphold ,*ri/ian tea*+ aga9/ a campaign wag$ by ,mal?usians 9 ord] to obta9 religi\s sanction = _! evil propag&a4 ,al?\gh _m ,mal?usians are rationali/s1 !y are well aw>e t )\t "s religi\s sanction _! policy c\ld nev] em]ge f ! dim und]world ( unm5tion$ & unrespect$ ?+s1 & c\ld nev] be advocat$ op5ly 9 ! light ( day4 ,to ?is end bir? control is cam\flag$ by pseudo-poetic & pseudo-religi\s phraseology1 & ! ,anglican ,*ur* is ask$ to alt] h] tea*+4 ,bir? controll]s realise t x is useless to ask ?is ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 a ,rock 9 _! pa?1 b z reg>ds ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&1 :i* makes no claim to infallibility1 ! case is diff]5t1 & discussion is possible4 #aab ,let u consid]1 fir/ly1 ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& on ?is matt]4 ,at ! ,lambe? ,conf]5ce ( #aijh ! ,bi%ops affirm$ t delib]ate tamp]+ ) nasc5t life is repugnant to ,*ri/ian morality4 ,9 #aiad a ,committee ( ,bi%ops issu$ a ,memor&um #aac 9 :i* artificial bir? control is condemn$ z dang]\s1 demoralis+1 & s9ful4 ,! memor&um 0 approv$ by a l>ge majority ( ! ,diocesan ,bi%ops1 al?\gh 9 ! op9ion ( ,dean ,+e ?is is emphatically a matt] 9 :i* e man & woman mu/ judge = !mselves1 & mu/ refra9 f judg+ o!rs4 #aad ,! ,bi%ops also held t 9 "s m>riages x may be desirable1 on gr\nds ( prud5ce or ( heal?1 to limit ! numb] ( *ildr54 ,9 ^! circum/ances !y advis$ ! practice ( self-re/ra9t2 &1 z reg>ds a limit$ use ( m>riage1 !y add$ ! foll[+ /atem5t3 ,x seems to mo/ ( u only a legitimate application ( su* self-re/ra9t t 9 c]ta9 cases 7:i* only ! p>ties' own judgm5t & consci5ce c settle7 int]c\rse %\ld be re/rict$ by cons5t to c]ta9 times at :i* x is less likely to lead to conception4 ,?is is only to use natural conditions2 x is approv$ by good m$ical au?ority2 x means self-d5ial & n self-indulg5ce4 ,& we believe x to be q legitimate1 or at lea/ n to be condemn$4 ,a small m9ority ( ,bi%ops held t prolong$ or ev5 p]petual ab/95ce f int]c\rse is ! only legitimate me?od ( limit+ a family4 ,f9ally1 9 ,resolution #fh ( ! ,lambe? ,conf]5ce 9 #aibj1 ! ,bi%ops /at$ t3 ,we utt] an emphatic w>n+ aga9/ ! use ( unnatural means = ! avoidance ( conception1 toge!r ) ! grave dang]s--physical1 moral1 & religi\s--!reby incurr$1 & aga9/ ! evils ) :i* ! ext5sion ( su* use ?reat5s ! race4 ,9 opposition to ! tea*+ :i*1 "u ! "n ( sci5ce & religion1 enc\rages m>ri$ p 9 ! delib]ate cultivation ( sexual union z an end 9 itself1 we /eadfa/ly uphold :at mu/ always be reg>d$ z ! gov]n+ consid]ation ( ,*ri/ian m>riage4 ,"o is ! prim>y purpose = :i* m>riage exi/s--namely1 ! cont9uation ( ! race ?r\gh ! gift & h]itage ( *ildr52 ! o!r is ! p>am\nt importance 9 m>ri$ life ( delib]ate & ?\ghtful self-control4 #aae ,& ! ,committee on ,problems ( ,m>riage & ,sexual ,morality felt call$ ^u to utt] an e>ne/ w>n+ aga9/ ! use ( any unnatural means by :i* conception is fru/rat$4 #aaf ,if ,resolution #fh be read 9 conjunction ) ! ,memor&um ( #aiad1 ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& is pla9 to any sane man or woman2 x is "o ) ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* ,ca?olic4 ,artificial bir? control is condemn$ z s91 b1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 ! limitation ( a family by cont95ce or by re/rict$ int]c\rse is p]mitt$4 ,z ?is tea*+ =bids ,neo-,mal?usian practices1 bir? controll]s h tri$ to make ! ,*ur* alt] h] tea*+ to suit _! op9ions4 ,al?\gh _! me?ods 9 controv]sy aga9/ ! ,*ur* mu/ be condemn$ by ev]yone :o values intellectual hone/y1 ! read]1 ( 8 *>ity1 %\ld rememb] t ,mal?usians are unable to def5d _! policy1 ei!r on logical or on moral gr\nds4 ,)\t attempt+ to prove t ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* is wrong1 bir? controll]s began ! attack by a complete misrepres5tation ( :at t tea*+ actually is4 ,?is un5viable task 0 und]tak5 by ,"l ,dawson ( ,p5n1 at ! ,birm+ham ,*ur* ,congress ( #aiba4 ,aft] quot+ ,resolution #fh1 ,"l ,dawson said3 ,n[ ! pla9 mean+ ( ?is /atem5t is t sexual union %\ld take place = ! sole purpose ( procreation1 t sexual union z an end 9 itself--n1 m9d y1 ! only end--7!re we %\ld all agree71 b sexual union z an end 9 itself is to be condemn$4 ,t means t sexual int]c\rse %\ld rightly take place only = ! purpose ( procreation4 ,q a l>ge family c\ld easily result f q a few sexual unions4 ,= ! re/ ! c\ple %\ld be celibate4 ,any int]c\rse n hav+ procreation z its int5tion is 'sexual union z an end 9 itself1' & !re=e by inf]5ce condemn$ by ! ,lambe? ,conf]5ce4 ,?9k ( ! facts ( life4 ,let u recall our own love--our m>riage1 our honeymoon4 ,has n sexual union ov] & ov] aga9 be5 ! physical expression ( our love )\t ?\ght or int5tion ( procreation8 ,h we all be5 wrong8 ,or is x t ! ,*ur* lacks t vital contact ) ! realities ( life :i* acc\nts = ! gulf betwe5 h] & ! p8 ,! love envisag$ by ! ,lambe? ,conf]5ce is an inv]tebrate1 joyless ?+--n wor? ! hav+4 ,=tunately x is 9 contra/ to ! real ?+ z practis$ by cl]gy & laity4 ,fancy an ard5t lov] 7& :at respect h y = a lov] :o is n ard5t87--! type y w\ld l y\r daught] to m>ry--virile1 ambiti\s1 *ivalr\s--a man :o means to "w h>d & love h>d4 ,fancy putt+ be=e ^! lov]s--eag] & expectant ( ! joys be=e !m--! ,lambe? picture ( m>riage4 ,d y expect to ga9 _! confid5ce8 #aag ,t sort ( appeal is n v effective1 ev5 z rhetoric2 b x is v easy to give an exact p>allel4 ,fancy a fond fa!r 7& :at respect h y = a fa!r :o is n fond87 be+ told by 8 daught]'s suitor t he1 8 prospective son-9-law1 look$ =w>d to ! physical joys ( m>riage1 b int5d$ to insi/ on 8 wife us+ contraceptives4 ,w\ld any fa!r reg>d su* a "o z ! type he w\ld l 8 daught] to m>ry8 ,!re is1 un=tunately1 ano!r answ] to ,"l ,dawson1 & ,i put x 9 ! =m ( a "q4 ,c any intellig5t man or woman1 ,ca?olic1 ,prote/ant1 or rationali/1 ma9ta9 t ,"l ,dawson has giv5 a fair1 a true1 or an hone/ /atem5t ( ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl&8 ,moreov]1 x is pa/ all und]/&+ h[ a gross libel on ,anglican doctr9e has be5 ov]look$ by ^? mo/ conc]n$4 ,! address is actually hail$ z wise1 bold1 & humane 9 ! highe/ s5se ( ! ^w by ,! ,spectator1 #aah & t amaz+ j\rnal1 exp]t z ev] 9 mak+ ! worse appe> ! bett] cause 9 a way t appeals to cl]gym51 goes on to say3 ,"l ,dawson fe>lessly & pla9ly oppos$ ! tea*+s ( ! ,roman ,*ur* & ! alleg$ tea*+s ( ! ,anglican4 ,hav+ by a trave/y ( tru? creat$ a false !ological bogey1 be>+ little resemblance ei!r to ,ca?olic or to ,anglican tea*+1 ,"l ,dawson proce$s to demoli% 8 own creation by a some:at boi/]\s eulogy ( sex-love4 ,n[ sex-love is an in/9ct & involves no "q ( good or evil ap>t f ! circum/ances 9 :i* x is ei!r gratifi$ or d5i$2 b1 9 view ( ! fre$om ) :i* ,"l ,dawson discuss$ ?is topic1 x is only "r to note t x 0 left to ! ,rev4 ,r4,j4 ,campbell to add to ! gaiety ( nations by 8 subsequ5t prote/ t ! ,m>riage ,s]vice conta9s expressions :i* are (f5sive to mod]n delicacy ( feel+4 ,t prote/ is also a fir/-rate example ( ! an>*ical /ate ( ! mod]n m9d4 ,! ,rev4 ,r4,j4 ,campbell is a mod]n m9d1 s is ,mr4 ,george ,b]n>d ,%aw2 b ! latt] ref]s to ! sob] dec5cy1 e>ne/ness1 & au?ority #aai ( ^? v passages to :i* ! =m] objects4 ,"l ,dawson's eulogy ( sexual int]c\rse 0 b a prelude to 8 plea = ! use ( contraceptives3 ,i w next consid] ,artificial ,control4 ,! =ces 9 mod]n life :i* make = bir? control are s /rong t only conv9c+ reasons w make p desi/ f x4 ,x is said to be unnatural & intr9sically immoral4 ,?is ^w 'unnatural' p]plexes me4 ,:y8 ,civilisation involves ! *a9+ ( natural =ces & _! conv]sion to man's w & uses4 ,mu* ( m$ic9e & surg]y consi/s ( means to ov]come nature4 ,t p>agraph illu/rates precisely ! confus$ use ( ! ^w natural1 :i* ,i h already criticis$ 7p4 #abd74 ,"l ,dawson says he is p]plex$1 & ,i agree ) him4 ,civilisation1 he says1 involves ! conv]sion ( natural =ces to man's w4 ,s does e crime4 ,is t any def5ce ( crime8 ,ev5 if physical nature be describ$ z non-moral1 t description _c be appli$ to ! inw>d nature ( w & consci5ce4 ,t ,i w an act may %[ x is 9 accordance ) nature 9 a c]ta9 s5se1 b ! fact ( its be+ 9 accordance ) physical nature does n ju/ify my act4 ,does ,"l ,dawson agree8 ,or does he ?9k t any action 9 accordance ) ! physical laws ( nature1 :i* means any action :atsoev]1 is ju/ifi$2 & does he approve !re=e ( m]e moral an>*y8 ,8 confusion ( ?\ght conc]n+ ! use ( ! ^w natural is foll[$ by ! inevitable sequ5ce ( false analogies3 ,:5 anae/hetics 7 fir/ us$ at *ild-bir? !re 0 an outcry on ! "p ( _m wor?y & religi\s p t _! use "u su* circum/ances 0 unnatural & wick$1 because ,god meant woman to suff] ! /ruggles & pa9s ( *ild-bir?4 ,n[ we all admit x is "r to control ! process ( *ild-bir?1 & to save ! "m z mu* pa9 z possible4 ,x is no m unnatural to control conception by artificial means ?an to control *ild-bir? by artificial means4 ,surely ! :ole "q turns on :e!r ^! artificial means are = ! good or h>m ( ! individual & ! community4 ,g5]ally speak+1 bir? control be=e ! fir/ *ild is inadvisable4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ju/ifiable use ( bir? control w\ld seem to be to limit ! numb] ( *ildr5 :5 su* is desirable1 & to spread out _! arrival 9 su* a way z to s]ve _! true int]e/s & ^? ( _! home4 ,once m1 c>eful di/9ction ne$s to be made betwe5 ! use & ! bad effects ( ! abuse ( bir? control4 ,t its abuse produces grave h>m ,i fully agree--h>m to p>5ts1 to families1 & to ! nation4 ,b abuse is n a j condemnation ( legitimate use4 ,ov]-eat+1 ov]-dr9k+1 ov]-smok+1 ov]-sleep+1 ov]-"w d n c>ry condemnation ( eat+1 dr9k+1 smok+1 sleep+1 "w4 ,^! long extracts are "h quot$ because1 z ,! ,spectator has rem>k$1 an attempt at a detail$ summ>y might de/roy ! c>eful balance :i* is ess5tial to ,"l ,dawson's purpose4 ,x might inde$2 & _m a true ^w is writt5 inadv]t5tly & despite ! wisdom ( ! s]p5t4 ,z ,"l ,dawson believes t ,mal?usian practice is n ( necessity s9ful1 & z he is urg+ ! ,*ur* to remove a ban on t practice1 x is necess>y = him to prove 9 ! fir/ place t 8 op9ion is "r & t ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* is wrong4 ,else:]e 9 ^! pages ,i h /at$ ! reasons :y ,*ri/ian morality br&s ! act ( artificial bir? control z intr9sically a s91 a malum 9 se1 & ^? reasons h nev] be5 disprov$ by ,"l ,dawson or by anyone4 ,8 comp>ison betwe5 ! use ( contraceptives & eat+ or dr9k+ is a false analogy4 ,eat+ is a natural act1 n 9 itself s9ful1 :]eas ! use ( contraceptives is an unnatural act1 9 itself a s94 ,! ext5t to :i* artificial bir? control is practis$ nei!r increases nor dim9i%es ! s9ful nature ( ! act1 b m]ely indicates ! numb] ( times ! same s9 is committ$4 ,"l ,dawson admits ! dang] ( ,neo-,mal?usian me?ods be+ c>ri$ to excess1 & c\nsels t ^! practices be us$ 9 mod]ation2 b is x likely t ^? :o h disc>d$ ! tea*+ ( a ,*ur* & ! dictates ( ! moral law w be s]i\sly influ5c$ by :at he calls an appeal to patriotism8 ,n[ !re is "o appeal to patriotism :i* ,"l ,dawson c\ld h made b did n make4 ,he might h plead$ t = ! sake ( ! nation all attempts at unnatural bir? control among/ ! weal?i] & m leisur$ citiz5s %\ld be ab&on$ =?)1 & t ! lawful =m %\ld be conf9$ to ^? few cases :]e limitation ( ! family is ju/ifi$ on g5u9e m$ical gr\nds4 ,b he refra9$ f mak+ t appeal1 & 8 plea = ! use ( contraceptives 9 mod]ation is m likely to be quot$ ) approval 9 ! b\doirs ( ,mayfair ?an 9 humbl] homes4 ,"l ,dawson's grave error 9 fail+ to anticipate ! inevitable consequ5ces ( 8 deplorable spee* is becom+ m & m app>5t4 ,9 ! columns ( ,! ,daily ,h]ald1 *eek by j[l ) adv]tisem5ts conc]n+ ,h]bali/s1 ,safe & ,sure ,treatm5t = ,anaemia1 ,irregul>ities1 etc41 ,k = ,"y ,wives1 & ,surgical ,goods & ,appliances1 !re appe>s ! foll[+ notice3 ,"l ,dawson1 ! ,k+'s ,physician1 says1 ',bir? control has come to /ay4' ,foll[+ up ?is hone/ & d>+ decl>ation1 ! ,lib]ator ,league h decid$ to di/ribute #aj1jjj copies ( its publications free to applicants s5d+ /amp$ address$ envelopes to ,j4,w4 ,gott1 ,secret>y 444 ,london1 ,n4,w4#e4 ,a /amp$ address$ envelope br\ght 9 return sample copies ( two undat$ newspr9ts1 entitl$ ,! ,rib ,tickl] & ,! ,lib]ator1 &1 to ! hon\r ( newsv5dors1 we le>n t ^! pap]s are n suppli$ by newsag5ts4 ,! fir/ pr9t is devot$ to ,blasphemy1 & ! second to ,bir? ,control4 ,bo? pap]s are edit$ by ,j4,w4 ,gott1 ( ,london1 ,le$s1 ,liv]pool1 & o!r prisons1 :o1 :5 he is n 9 jail = sell+ blasphem\s or obsc5e lit]ature1 e>ns a livelihood by a propag&a ( ,secul>ism1 ,socialism1 & ,neo-,mal?usianism1 comb9$ ) ! sale ( contraceptives4 ,at ,birm+ham 9 #aiba ?is individual1 accord+ to 8 own /atem5t1 0 *>g$1 on elev5 summonses1 ) hav+ s5t an obsc5e book & obsc5e lit]ature ?r\gh ! po/1 & ) publi%+ a blasphem\s libel ( & conc]n+ ! ,holy ,scriptures & ! ,*ri/ian ,religion4 ,! ,mal?usian ,league 7at _! own exp5se1 = :i* ,i "h wi% to ?ank !m7 s5t _! ,hon4 ,secret>y1 ,dr4 ,b9nie ,dunlop1 :o gave evid5ce 444 t ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,mal?usian ,league 444 mo/ /rongly prote/s aga9/ ! description ( ,g4 ,h>dy's book1 ,h[ to prev5t ,pregnancy1 z obsc5e1 = t book gives 9 a p]fectly ref9$ & sci5tific way ?is urg5tly ne$$ in=mation4 ,?is op9ion 0 n %>$ by ! jury1 :o br\ght 9 a v]dict ( guilty1 & ,gott 0 s5t5c$ to six mon?s' imprisonm5t4 ,f ! ,lib]ator we le>n t ! ,treasur] ( ! ,lib]ator ,league 0 f9$ #bj1 hav+ be5 f\nd guilty on ! foll[+ summons--= t y on ! elev5? day ( ,septemb] #aibj1 at ! ,p>i% ( ,consett1 9 ! ,c\nty a=esaid1 unlawfully1 wick$ly1 malici\sly1 & sc&al\sly did sell to div]s p]sons1 ^: names are unkn[n1 9 a public /reet1 !re situate1 a c]ta9 lewd1 wick$1 sc&al\s1 & obsc5e pr9t entitl$ ',l>ge or ,small ,families1' aga9/ ! ,peace ( our ,sov]eign ,"l ! ,k+1 ,8 ,cr[n & ,dignity4 ,"l ,dawson's advice 0 inde$ p]il\s because ! ,briti% ,empire & all its traditions w decl9e & fall if ! ,mo!rl& is fai?less to mo!rhood2 #abj & ! nation w\ld d bett] to pay he$ to ! foll[+ words ( ,8 ,maje/y ! ,k+3 ,! f\ndations ( national glory are 9 ! homes ( ! p4 ,!y w only rema9 un%ak5 :ile ! family life ( our race & nation is /rong1 simple1 & pure4 ,all ,"l ,dawson's argum5ts are ho>y fallacies4 ,once m1 c>eful di/9ction ne$s to be made betwe5--anae/hetics & contraceptives4 ,anae/hetics assi/ ! bir? ( a *ild1 :]eas contraceptives fru/rate ! act ( procreation4 ,! old explanation t man's progress has be5 a*iev$ by h>ness+ & n by oppos+ ! =ces ( nature is dismiss$ ) ignom9y4 ,! age-long tea*+ ( ,hippocrates t ! heal+ art 0 bas$ on ! ,vis ,m$icatrix ,naturae is ov]?r[n by ,"l ,dawson ( ,p5n1 9 a s+le s5t5ce2 & 9 place ( ! ,fa!r ( ,m$ic9e z a guide to heal? ( body & m9d1 !re comes ! ,k+'s ,physician3 ,to pe/le a poison'd poison beh9d 8 crimson lights4 ,:5 a great lead] ann\nces ! bir? ( a new epo*1 x is meet t ! rank & file rema9 sil5t2 & at ?is ,congress ( ! ,*ur* ( ,engl& no j>r+ int]ruptions m>r$ ! solemnity ( ! mom5t4 ,no old-fa%ion$ doctor 0 !re to utt] a futile prote/1 & !re 0 no simple-m9d$ cl]gyman to rise 9 ! "n ( ,*ri/ & give ,"l ,dawson ! lie4 ,)\t diss5t1 on a public plat=m ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 presid$ ov] by a ,bi%op1 & 9 full view ( ! nation1 ! mo?-eat5 mantle ( ,mal?us1 ! godless robe ( ,bradlaugh1 & ! disc>d$ g>m5ts ( ,mrs4 ,besant1 #aba 7 donn$--by ! successor ( ,li/]4 ,x 0 a pr\d mom5t = ! bir? controll]s1 b = t national in/itution call$ ,ecclesia ,anglicana a mom5t full ( %ame4 ,footnote #ajj3 ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 ,augu/ #f1 #aiba1 p4 #bai4 ,footnote #aja3 ,!re is1 or p]haps we %\ld say !re 01 a legacy ( #a1jjj ,rh5i% guild]s await+ anyone :o1 9 ! judgm5t ( ! faculty ( law 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,heidelb]g or ( ,bonn1 is able to e/abli% ! fact t any ,jesuit ev] taught ?is doctr9e or any?+ equival5t to x4 ,vide ,! ,antidote1 vol4 iii1 p4 #abe1 ,c4,t4,s41 ,london4 ,footnote #ajb3 ,g54 xxxviii4 #i-aj ,footnote #ajc3 ,vide ,ca?olic ,times1 ,augu/ #bg1 #aiba1 p4 #g4 ,footnote #ajd3 ,! ,army & ,religion1 #aiai1 p4 #ddh4 ,footnote #aje3 ,univ]se1 ,novemb] #d1 #aiba1 p4 #c4 ,footnote #ajf3 ,eighty-second ,annual ,report ( ! ,regi/r>-,g5]al ( ,engl& & ,wales1 #aiai1 p4 xiv4 ,footnote #ajg3 ,! ,times1 ,janu>y #ac1 #ahhe4 ,footnote #ajh3 ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 ,novemb] #ai1 #aiba1 p4 #hgb4 ,footnote #aji3 ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 ,novemb] #bf1 #aiba1 p4 #ibd ,footnote #aaj3 ,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal1 ,decemb] #aj1 #aiba1 p4 #ajaf4 ,footnote #aaa3 ,common ,s5se on ! ,population ,"q1 p4 #d ,footnote #aab3 ,dr4 ,c4,k4 ,mill>d1 9 ,! ,mod]n ,*ur*man1 ,may #aiai4 ,footnote #aac3 ,reproduc$ 9 ,! ,decl9+ ,bir?-rate1 #aiaf1 p4 #chf4 ,footnote #aad3 ,outspok5 ,essays1 #aiai1 p4 #ge4 ,footnote #aae3 ,report1 p4 #dd4 ,footnote #aaf3 ,ibid41 p4 #aab4 ,footnote #aag3 ,ev5+ ,/&>d1 ,octob] #ab1 #aiba4 ,footnote #aah3 ,octob] #ae1 #aiba4 ,footnote #aai3 ,man & ,sup]man1 ,act ,,iii1 p4 #abe4 ,footnote #abj3 ,sunday ,express1 ,octob] #af1 #aiba4 ,footnote #aba3 ,on becom+ a ,!osophi/1 ,mrs4 ,besant retract$ h] approval ( ,neo-,mal?usianism4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,tea*+ ,,( ,,! ,,ca?olic ,,*ur* ,,on ,,bir? ,,control ,section #a4 ,a ,,false ,,view ,,( ,,h] ,,doctr9e ,"o ( ! m>ks ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 :]eby %e may be di/+ui%$ f all o!r ,*ur*es1 is t h] tea*+ is always cle> & above all logical4 ,yet ?is fact has n sav$ h] tea*+ f misrepres5tation 9 ! h&s ( ,mal?usians4 ,= example1 ,dr4 ,c4 ,killick ,mill>d writes z foll[s3 ,! ,*ur*es h taught t x 0 ! div9e wi% t human be+s %\ld multiply & population increase--! m rapidly ! bett]2 ! traditional au?ority = ?is be+ ! in/ruction giv5 to ,noah & 8 family1 aft] ! ,deluge1 to 'be fruitful & multiply & repl5i% ! e>?4' ,! ,*ur*es h cont9u$ to tea* t ! duty ( man 0 to obey ! div9e comm& & /ill to increase & multiply1 & until rec5tly any attempt by m>ri$ c\ples to re/rict or regulate ! bir?-rate 0 d5\nc$ z s9ful4 ,?is is /ill ! or?odox attitude1 ,i believe1 ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 ) its celibate prie/hood2 b1 z x is cle>ly useless to reason ) ^? :o claim infallibility1 x is unnecess>y to discuss ! "q fur!r s f> z ,roman ,ca?olicism is conc]n$4 #abb ,n[1 al?\gh x may be unnecess>y = ,dr4 ,mill>d to discuss ! "q fur!r1 he w1 ,i am sure1 regret hav+ inadv]t5tly mis/at$ ! tru?4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has nev] d5\nc$ z s9ful any attempt by m>ri$ c\ples to re/rict or regulate ! bir?-rate4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has taught1 by h] greate/ doctor1 ,/4 ,?omas ,aqu9as1 t ! ess5ce ( m>riage is n prim>ily 9 ! begett+ ( (fspr+1 b 9 ! indissoluble union betwe5 husb& & wife4 #abc ,section #b4 ,,! ,,ess5ce ,,& ,,purpose ,,( ,,m>riage ,!re is an obvi\s di/9ction betwe5 ! ess5ce ( a ?+ & ! ends or purposes = :i* ! ?+ exi/s4 ,= example1 9 a bus9ess p>tn]%ip ! ess5ce ( ! p>tn]%ip is a legal in/rum5t1 :]eas ! purposes or ends ( ! p>tn]%ip are v>i\s comm]cial projects4 ,! foll[+ is a cle> /atem5t1 by ,fa!r ,v9c5t ,mc,nabb1 ,o4,p41 #abd ( ,ca?olic tea*+ conc]n+ ! nature & end ( m>riage3 ,m>riage is an indissoluble /ate ( life :]e9 a man & a woman agree to give ea* o!r p[] ov] _! bodies = ! begett+1 bir?1 & upbr++ ( (fspr+4 ,! natural & prim>y end ( m>riage is ?is duty t[>ds (fspr+4 ,b1 z s9 has despoil$ ! human w & di/urb$ human relations1 m>riage has n[ ! second>y end ( allay+ sexual lu/4 ,b x is a pr9ciple ( e?ics t :at is prim>y _c be set aside z if x 7 second>y1 nor c ! second>y be s\ght z if x 7 prim>y4 ,to inv]t ! e?ical ord] is to br+ 9 t disord] :i* is call$ s94 ,if ! human act br+s 9 a slight disord]1 x is v5ial s92 if ! human act br+s 9 a griev\s disord] x is a griev\s or mortal s94 ,x is a griev\s disord]1 &1 !re=e1 a griev\s s91 to desire satisfaction 9 su* sexual int]c\rse z c\ld n result 9 ! begett+ ( (fspr+4 ,z ! w$d$ pair h giv5 ea* o!r p[] ov] _! bodies x w\ld be a grave s9 = "o to refuse ei!r altoge!r or = a consid]able "t ! fulfilm5t ( ! m>riage debt4 ,b x is n a s9 if by mutual agreem5t ! w$d$ pair refra9 f ! m>riage debt = a "t1 or = ev]4 ,z a rule1 & speak+ objectively1 x w\ld be h]oic virtue = a w$d$ pair to ab/a9 = a long "t1 & /ill m = ev]1 f ! m>riage debt4 ,to c\nsel su* a practice indiscrim9ately w\ld be a s9ful want ( prud5ce1 &1 9 a confessor1 ( pr(essional k4 ,x is q cle> t by mutual cons5t1 ev5 )\t any fur!r motive1 ! w$d$ pair c ab/a9 f m>ital int]c\rse4 ,/ill m may !y ab/a9 = a "t or = ev]1 = a good motive1 e4g4 9 ord] to h "t = pray]1 = good works1 = br++ up su* family z !y already h to support4 ,section #c4 ,,artificial ,,/]ility ,,:olly ,,condemn$ ,artificial bir? control is an (f5ce aga9/ ! law ( ,god1 & is !re=e =bidd5 by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,any ,ca?olic :o wilfully adopts ?is practice violates ! law ( ,god 9 a s]i\s matt]1 & is !re=e guilty ( mortal s91 an outrage\s & delib]ate insult (f]$ by a human creature to ! ,inf9ite ,maje/y4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* tea*es t m5 & wom5 %\ld control ! sex impulse j z !y %\ld control _! appetite = food or dr9k4 ,! pr9cipal end ( m>riage1 z we h se51 is ! purpose ( its in/itution1 ! procreation & br++ up ( *ildr54 ,! second>y end ( m>riage is mutual assi/ance & companion%ip1 & a rem$y aga9/ concupisc5ce4 ,:]e x is advisable1 ow+ to ! heal? ( ! "m or ow+ to reasons ( prud5ce z di/9ct f selfi%ness1 to limit ! numb] ( *ildr51 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* po9ts out t ?is %\ld be done by ! ex]cise ( self-control1 or by re/rict$ use4 ,z ^? :o d5y ! possibility or ev5 ! wisdom ( self-re/ra9t are n likely to pay ! slighte/ att5tion to ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur*1 ,i w quote ! op9ions ( two cle>-?9k+1 non-,ca?olic writ]s4 ,mr4 ,george ,b]n>d ,%aw has said3 ,i h no prejudices4 ,! sup]/iti\s view ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* is t a prie/ is some?+ entirely diff]5t f an ord9>y man4 ,i "k a great _m ,ca?olic prie/s1 & !y are m5 :o h _h a great deal ( exp]i5ce4 ,!y h at ! back a ,*ur* :i* has _h = _m ye>s to consid] ! giv+ ( dome/ic advice to p4 ,if y g to a ,ca?olic prie/ & tell him t a life ( sexual ab/95ce means a life ( utt] mis]y1 he laughs4 ,& obvi\sly = a v good reason4 ,if y g to ,we/m9/] ,ca!dral y w he> voices :i* s\nd extremely well1 & v diff]5tly f ! voices ( ! g5tlem5 :o s+ at music-halls1 & :o w\ld n be able to s+ 9 t way if !y did n lead a life extremely diff]5t f ! ,ca?olic prie/4444 ,i may say t ,i am 9 fav\r ( bir? control4 ,i am 9 fav\r ( x = its own sake4 ,i d n l to see any human be+ absolutely ! slave ( :at we us$ to call ',nature4' ,e human action ought to be controll$1 & y make a /ep 9 civilisation ) some?+ :i* has be5 uncontrollable4 ,i am !re=e 9 fav\r ( control = its own sake4 ,b :5 y g f t to ! me?ods ( control1 t is a v diff]5t ?+4 ,z ,dr4 ,r\? said1 we h to f9d out me?ods :i* w n induce p to decl>e t !y _c exi/ )\t sexual int]c\rse4 #abe ,( c\rse ! use ( contraceptives is ! v negation ( self-control4 ,! late ,sir ,william ,osi]1 speak+ ( v5]eal disease1 says3 ,p]sonal purity is ! prophylaxis :i* we z physicians are especially b\nd to advocate4 ,cont95ce may be a h>d condition 444 b x c be borne1 & x is our duty to urge ?is lesson ^u "y & old :o seek our advice on matt]s sexual4 ,section #d4 ,,! ,,only ,,lawful ,,me?od ,,( ,,bir? ,,control ,!re are me?ods ( control :]eby p are enabl$ to exi/1 & to exi/ happily1 )\t be+ slaves to ! sex impulse4 ,^! me?ods are ^? ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,h] p are enc\rag$ to take a high] & a nobl] view ( m>riage1 to ov]come _! egoism & selfi%ness1 & to practise mod]ation & self-re/ra9t 9 ! lawful use ( m>ital rights4 ,! ,*ur* urges h] p to /r5g!n _! self-re/ra9t by obs]v+ ! p5it5tial seasons1 especially ,l5t2 by fa/+ or by ab/a9+ f fle% meat at o!r times1 if necess>y by ab/a9+ f alcohol2 & by seek+ t sup]natural help :i* comes to ^? :o receive ! ,sacram5ts wor?ily4 ,:5 all o!r det]r5ts fail1 x is lawful1 accord+ to ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur*1 = m>ri$ p to limit int]c\rse to ! mid-m5/rual p]iod1 :51 al?\gh conception may occur1 x is less likely to occur ?an at o!r times4 ,all o!r me?ods are absolutely & )\t exception =bidd54 ,?is limit$ use ( m>riage1 :i*1 z we h se51 is )9 ! rights ( ! m>ri$1 diff]s f all me?ods ( artificial bir?-control z day diff]s f night1 because3 ,ref]5ce3 ,explanation 7#a7 ,no positive or direct ob/acle is us$ aga9/ procreation4 7#b7 ,! int]c\rse is natural1 9 contradi/9ction to :at is equival5t to self-abuse4 7#c7 ,self-re/ra9t is practis$ 9 t ! int]c\rse is limit$ to c]ta9 times4 7#d7 ,!re is no risk to m5tal or physical heal?4 7#e7 ,!re is no evil w to defeat ! c\rse ( nature2 at wor/ !re is m]ely an abs5ce ( h]oism4 ,ev5 if ! "q be consid]$ solely z a matt] ( physiology ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! me?ods is app>5t4 ,physiologi/s & gynaecologi/s believe t 9 natural int]c\rse !re is1 ap>t f f]tilisation1 an absorption ( c]ta9 sub/ances into ! sy/em ( ! woman4 ,! rle ( ?is absorption is at pres5t obscure1 b x obvi\sly exi/s = a purpose2 & x is p]missible to speculate :e!r1 "u natural conditions ( int]c\rse1 !re is n a mutual biological reaction t makes1 among/ o!r ?+s1 = physical compatibility4 ,:atev] be its purpose or explanation 9 ! m>vell\s me*anism ( nature1 ?is absorption ( vital sub/ances is ei!r h9d]$ or is absolutely prev5t$ by artificial me?ods ( bir? control2 :]eas1 9 ! me?od p]mitt$ by ! tea*+ ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* !re is no int]f]5ce ) a physiological process4 ,ev5 ^? :o fail1 f _! lack ( tra9+1 to compreh5d moral di/9ctions 9 ?is matt] %\ld be able to appreciate ! diff]5ce betwe5 a me?od t is physiological & "o t is unphysiological4 ,!re are ?\s&s :o "k little ( ! ,ca?olic or ( any o!r fai?1 & ?\s&s :o believe ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* to be ev]y?+ except :at x is4 ,^! p h no infallible rule ( fai? & morals1 & :5 confront$1 z !y n[ are1 by a dang]\s1 insidi\s campaign 9 fav\r ( bir? control1 !y d n react consi/5tly or at all4 ,x 0 !re=e ?\ght advisable to issue ?is /atem5t 9 def5ce ( ! position ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*2 b ! read] %\ld rememb] t ! tea*+ ( ! ,*ur* on ?is matt] is held by h] memb]s to be true1 n m]ely because x agrees ) ! notions ( all "r-?9k+ m5 & wom51 n because x is 9 h>mony ) economic1 /ati/ical1 social1 & biological tru?1 b pr9cipally because !y "k ?is tea*+ to be an au?oritative decl>ation ( ! law ( ,god4 ,! ,t5 ,comm&m5ts h _! pragmatic ju/ification2 !y make = ! good ( ! race2 b ! ,*ri/ian obeys !m z expressions ( ! ,div9e ,w4 ,section #e4 ,,conclusion ,our decl9+ bir?-rate is a fact ( ! utmo/ gravity1 & a m s]i\s position has nev] confront$ ! ,briti% p4 ,"h 9 ! mid/ ( a great nation1 at ! end ( a victori\s w>1 ! law ( decl9e is work+1 & by t law ! greate/ empires 9 ! _w h p]i%$4 ,9 comp>ison ) t s+le fact all o!r dang]s1 be !y ( w>1 ( politics1 or ( disease1 are ( little mom5t4 ,attempts h already be5 made to av]t ! consequ5ces by ! p>tial end[m5t ( mo!rhood & by a sav+ ( infant life4 ,physiologi/s are n[ seek+ among ! endocr9\s gl&s & ! vitam9es = a sub/ance to assi/ procreation4 ,:]e are my *ildr58 0 ! "q %\t$ ye/]day f ! c9emas4 ,let u h *ildr51 *ildr5 at any price1 w be ! cry ( to-morr[4 ,& all ^! ?\ghts 7 once 9 ! m9d ( ,augu/us1 ,emp]or ( ! _w f ! ,atlantic to ! ,euphrates1 f ,m\nt ,atlas to ! ,danube & ! ,rh9e4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* has nev] taught t an avalan*e ( *ildr5 %\ld be br\ght into ! _w reg>dless ( consequ5ces4 ,god is n mock$2 z m5 s[1 s %all !y reap1 & aga9/ a law ( nature bo? ! transi5t amelioration wr\ght by philan?ropi/s & ! subtle exp$i5ces ( sci5tific politicians are alike futile4 ,if our civilisation is to survive we mu/ ab&on ^? ideals t lead to decl9e4 ,!re is only "o civilisation immune f decay1 & t civilisation endures on ! practical eug5ics once taught by a unit$ ,*ri/5dom & n[ exp\nd$ almo/ solely by ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,footnote #abb3 ,! ,mod]n ,*ur*man1 ,may #aiai4 ,footnote #abc3 ,rev4 ,v9c5t ,mc,nabb1 ,o4,p41 ,! ,ca?olic ,gazette1 ,septemb] #aiba1 p4 #aid ,footnote #abd3 ,ibid ,footnote #abe3 ,spee* at ! ,m$ico-,legal ,society1 ,july #g1 #aiba4 ,,bibliography ,a4--,,g5]al ,,publications ,m>riage & ! ,sex ,problem4 ,by ,dr4 ,f4,w4 ,fo]/]4 ,translat$ by ,m>g>et ,boo?1 ,b4 ,sc41 ,ph4,d4 ,london1 #aiab4 ,! ,m5ace ( ! ,empty ,cradle4 ,by ,b]n>d ,vaughan1 ,s4,j4 ,london1 #aiag4 ,c(f9s or ,cradles4 ,by ,sir ,james ,m>*ant4 #aiaf4 ,moral ,pr9ciples & ,m$ical ,practice4 ,by ,c4 ,copp5s1 ,s4,j41 & ,h4 ,spald+1 ,s4,j4 ,! ,family & ! ,nation4 ,by ,w4,c4,d4 ,:e?am & ,mrs4 ,:e?am4 ,london1 #aiji4 ,! ,law ( ,bir?s & ,dea?s4 ,by ,*>les ,edw>d ,pell4 ,london1 #aiba4 ,! ,decl9+ ,bir?-rate4 ,report ( ! ,national ,bir?rate ,commission4 ,london1 #aiaf4 ,! ,*ur* & ,lab\r 7,a ,comp5dium ( ,(ficial ,utt]ances74 ,edit$ by ,john ,a4 ,ryan1 ,,ll4,d41 & ,joseph ,hussle91 ,ph4,d4 ,london1 #aiba4 ,b4--,,ca?olic ,,tru? ,,society ,,publications 7,obta9able f #fi1 ,s\?w>k ,bridge ,road1 ,s4,e4#a47 ,! ,condition ( ! ,work+ ,classes4 7,! ,encyclical ,r]um ,nov>um47 ,by ,pope ,leo ,,xiii4 ,edit$ by ,mgr4 ,canon ,p>k9son1 ,d4,d4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions & ! ,duty ( ,ca?olics4 ,by ,c4,s4 ,devas1 ,m4,a4 #f;d4 7,! ,foll[+ are ,twop5ce ea*47 ,bir?-rate1 ,! ,decl9+4 ,by ,h4 ,?ur/on1 ,s4,j4 ,*ri/ian ,democracy be=e ! ,re=mation4 ,by ,c>d9al ,gasquet1 ,o4,s4,b4 ,*ri/ian ,democracy3 ,its ,mean+ & ,aim4 ,by ,c4,s4 ,devas4 ,*ri/ian ,womanhood4 ,*ur* & ,social ,re=m]s1 ,!4 ,by ! ,bi%op ( ,nor?ampton4 ,conjugal ,life1 ,! ,duties (4 ,by ,c>d9al ,m]ci]4 ,divorce4 ,by ! ,bi%op ( ,nor?ampton4 ,engli% ,economics & ,ca?olic ,e?ics4 ,by ,m4 ,mah]4 ,lab\r1 ,! ,*ur* &4 ,by ,abbot ,sn[1 ,o4,s4,b4 ,l&lords1 ,a ,dialogue on4 ,by ,r4,p4 ,g>rold1 ,s4,j4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* & ! ,pr9ciple ( ,private ,prop]ty4 ,by ,hilaire ,belloc4 ,rome & ! ,social ,"q4 ,social ,re=m1 ,pope ,pius ,x on4 ,social ,s5se1 ,!3 ,its ,decay & its ,revival4 ,by ,a4,p4 ,mooney1 ,m4,d4 ,socialism1 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur* &4 ,by ,hilaire ,belloc4 ,socialism1 ,an ,exam9ation (4 ,by ! same4 ,socialism1 ,"s ,e?ical ,criticisms (4 ,by ,a4,p4 ,mooney1 ,m4,d4 ,trade ,unionism4 ,by ,h5ry ,som]ville4 ,woman 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,by ,h4,f4 ,hall4 ,! ,*ur* & ,sci5ce4 ,by ,sir ,b]tram ,w9dle1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,k4,s4,g4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,twelve ,ca?olic ,m5 ( ,sci5ce4 ,edit$ by ,sir ,b]tram ,w9dle1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,sir ,dom9ic ,corrigan--,?omas ,dwight--,galvani--,lapp>5t --,la5nec--,l9acre--,m5del--,johannes ,mll]--,pa/eur--,sec*i--,nicolaus ,/5son--,vesalius4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,facts & ,!ories4 ,a ,consid]ation ( ,"s ,biological ,conceptions ( ,to-day4 ,by ,sir ,b]tram ,w9dle1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,s41 ,k4,s4,g4 #bs4 ,! ,mod]ni/4 ,by ,joseph ,rickaby1 ,s4,j4 #as4 ,! ,_w & ,its ,mak]4 ,by ,j4 ,g]>d1 ,s4,j4 #d;d4 7,! ,foll[+ are ,twop5ce ea*47 ,anti-,ca?olic ,hi/ory3 ,h[ x is writt54 ,by ,hilaire ,belloc4 ,d>w9ism1 ,! ,decl9e (4 ,by ,walt] ,sweetman4 ,evolution & ,exact ,?\ght4 ,by ,j4 ,g]>d1 ,s4,j4 ,fre$om ( ,?\ght4 ,by4 ,j4 ,vance1 ,m4,a41 ,ph4,d4 ,free?\ght1 ,mod]n4 ,by ,j4 ,g]>d1 ,s4,j41 ,f4,l4,s4 ,haeckel & 8 ,philosophy4 ,by ,j4 ,g]>d1 ,s4,j4 ,life1 ,! ,orig9 (4 ,by ,j4 ,g]>d1 ,s4,j41 ,f4,l4,s4 ,positivism4 ,by ,joseph ,rickaby1 ,s4,j4 ,rationali/ ,propag&a1 ,!1 & ,h[ x mu/ be met4 ,by ,j4 ,g]>d1 ,s4,j4 ,rationali/1 ,! 7,joseph ,m',cabe71 z ,prophet4 ,by ,j4 ,keat+1 ,s4,j4 ,sci5ce & ,its ,c\nt]feit4 ,by ,j4 ,g]>d1 ,s4,j4 ,sci5ce or ,romance3 ,! ,game ( ,speculation4 ,by ,j4 ,g]>d1 ,s4,j4 ,sci5tific ,facts & ,sci5tific ,hypo!ses4 ,by ,sir ,b]tram ,w9dle1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,sci5tific ,op9ion1 ,! ,ebb & ,fl[ (4 ,by ,sir ,b]tram ,w9dle1 ,m4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,babylonia & ,assyria4 ,by ,a4 ,condam91 ,s4,j4 ,! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,by ,canon ,gildea4 ,france1 ,pla9 ,words on ,*ur* & ,/ate 94 ,france1 ,! ,real ,au?ors ( ! ,sep>ation 94 ,by ,o4 ,kellet1 ,s4,j4 ,good ,que5 ,bess1 ,! ,days (4 ,by ,william ,cobbett4 ,kulturkampf1 ,!4 ,by ,humphrey ,johnson1 ,b4,a4 ,lu!r1 ,f\r ,c5turies (4 ,by ,canon ,william ,b>ry1 ,d4,d4 ,m$iaeval ,engl&1 ,ca?olic ,fai? & ,practice 94 ,by ,h4,j4 ,kilduff4 ,mona/]ies1 ,! ,suppression ( ! ,engli%4 ,by ,william ,cobbett4 ,! ,pilgrim ,fa!rs4 ,by ,h4 ,?ur/on1 ,s4,j4 ,re=mation1 ,social ,effects ( !4 ,by ,william ,cobbett4 7,leaflets #cs4 p] #ajj47 ,d ,babies build ,slums8 ,by ,halliday ,su!rl&1 ,m4,d4 ,c4--,,ca?olic ,,social ,,guild ,,publications 7,obta9able f ,ca?olic ,social ,guild1 ,ox=d47 ,a ,prim] ( ,social ,sci5ce4 ,by ,mgr4 ,p>k9son4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,pro/itution3 ,! ,moral ,be>+s ( ! ,problem4 ,by ,m4,f4 & ,j4,f4 ,=eword by ! late ,ar*bi%op ( ,liv]pool4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,! ,*ur* & ,eug5ics4 7,new & revis$ edition1 #aiba47 ,by ,t4 ,g]r>d4 #as4 #f;d4 ,! ,*ri/ian ,family4 ,by ,m>g>et ,flet*]4 #as4 #f;d4 ,sweat$ ,lab\r & ! ,trade ,bo>ds ,act4 ,edit$ by ,t4 ,wright4 #h;d4 ,guild ,socialism4 ,a ,criticism ( ! ,national ,guild ,!ory4 ,by ,francis ,goldwell4 #f;d4 ,elem5ts ( ,h\s+4 ,by ,c4 ,tig>1 ,s4,j4 #f;d4 ,! ,gospel & ! ,citiz54 ,by ,c4,c4 ,m>t9dale1 ,s4,j4 #d;d4 ,! ,*ur* & ! ,work]4 ,by ,v4,m4 ,craw=d4 #d;d4 ,que/ions ( ! ,day4 ,by ,j4 ,keat+1 ,s4,j41 & ,s4,a4 ,p>k]1 ,o4,s4,b4 #d;d4 ,elem5ts ( ,economics4 ,by ,lewis ,watt1 ,s4,j4 #d;d4 ,! ,nation's ,crisis4 ,by ,c>d9al ,b\rne4 #c;d4 ,! ,ca?olic ,attitude to ! ,m9i/ry ( ,heal?4 ,by ,j4,b4 ,mc,laughlin1 ,o4,s4,b41 & ,a4,p4 ,mooney1 ,m4,d4 #b;d4 ,d4--,,fr5* ,,publications ,la ,dpopulation de la ,france4 ,jacques ,b]tillon4 #aiaa4 ,la ,population franaise4 ,levasseur4 #ahia4 ,la ,"q de la ,population4 ,l]oy-,beaulieu4 ,dpopulation et ,civilisation4 #ahij4 ,arsne ,dumont4 ,natalie4 ,dr4 ,b]tillon ,pre4