,,woman ,,& ,,! ,,new ,,race ,,by ,,m>g>et ,,sang] ,) ,a ,preface ,by ,havelock ,ellis 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,new ,york #aibj 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,d$icat$ ,,to ,,! ,,memory ,,( ,,my ,,"m1 ,a ,,"m ,,:o ,,gave ,,bir? ,,to ,,elev5 ,,liv+ ,,*ildr5 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,preface ,! mod]n ,woman ,movem5t1 l ! mod]n ,lab\r ,movem5t1 may be said to h begun 9 ! ,eighte5? c5tury4 ,! ,lab\r movem5t arose out ( ! ,indu/rial ,revolution ) its resultant t5d5cy to ov]-population1 to unre/rict$ competition1 to social mis]y & disord]4 ,! ,woman movem5t appe>$ z an at fir/ neglect$ by-product ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution ) its impulses ( g5]al human expansion1 ( fre$om & ( equality4 ,s9ce !n1 z we "k1 ^! two movem5ts h ea* _h a great & vigor\s c>e] :i* is /ill f> f complet$4 ,on ! :ole !y h mov$ indep5d5tly along sep>ate l9es1 & h at times seem$ inde$ almo/ ho/ile to ea* o!r4 ,t has ceas$ to be ! case4 ,( rec5t ye>s x has be5 se5 n only t ^! two movem5ts are n ho/ile1 b t !y may "w toge!r h>moni\sly = simil> ends4 ,"o f9al /ep rema9$ to be tak5--x _h to be realis$ n only t ! ,lab\r movem5t c\ld give ! secret ( success to ! woman movem5t by its me?od & organization1 b t on ! o!r h&1 woman held ! secret )\t :i* lab\r is impot5t to rea* its ends4 ,woman1 by virtue ( mo!rhood is ! regulator ( ! bir?rate1 ! sacr$ dispos] ( human production4 ,x is 9 ! delib]ate re/ra9t & measurem5t ( human production t ! fundam5tal problems ( ! family1 ! nation1 ! :ole bro!rhood ( mank9d f9d _! solution4 ,! heal? & longevity ( ! individual1 ! economic welf>e ( ! work]s1 ! g5]al level ( culture ( ! community1 ! possibility ( aboli%+ f ! _w ! desolat+ sc\rge ( w>--all ^! l great human ne$s1 dep5d1 prim>ily & fundam5tally1 on ! wise limitation ( ! human output4 ,x does n c]ta9ly make !m inevitable1 b x r5d]s !m possible ( accompli%m5t2 )\t x !y h be5 cle>ly & repeat$ly prov$ to be impossible4 ,^! facts h long be5 kn[n to ! few :o view ! _w reali/ically4 ,b x is n ! few :o rule ! _w4 ,x is ! masses--! ignorant1 emotional1 volatile1 sup]/iti\s masses--:o rule ! _w4 ,x is !y :o *oose ! few supreme p]sons :o manage or mismanage ! _w's affairs4 ,ev5 ! mo/ /upid ( u mu/ be able to see h[ x is done n[1 = dur+ rec5t ye>s ! :ole process has be5 display$ be=e u on ! v l>ge/ scale4 ,! lesson has n be5 altoge!r 9 va94 ,x is furni%+ a new /imulus to ^? :o are work+ = ! increase ( k1 & ( practical action bas$ on k1 among ! masses1 ! masses :o alone possess ! p[] to *ange ! =ce ( ! _w = good or = evil1 & by gr[? 9 wisdom to raise ! human race on to a high] level4 ,t is :y ! little book by ,m>g>et ,sang]1 ^: "r to speak ) au?ority on ^! matt]s we all recognize1 _c be too widely read4 ,to ! few :o ?9k1 ?\gh !y may "h & !re diff] on po9ts ( detail1 x is all z famili> z ,a4 ,b4 ,c4 ,b to ! millions :o rule ! _w x is n famili>1 & /ill less to ! h&ful ( sup]ior p]sons :om ! masses elect to supreme positions4 ,!re=e1 let ?is book be read2 let x be read by e man & woman :o c read4 ,& ! soon] x is n only read b act$ on1 ! bett] = ! _w4 ,,havelock ,,ellis4 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i ,,woman',s ,,error ,,& ,,h] ,,debt ,,ii ,,woman',s ,,/ruggle ,,= ,,fre$om ,,iii ,,! ,,mat]ial ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,race ,,iv ,,two ,,classes ,,( ,,wom5 ,v ,,! ,,wick$ness ,,op ,,creat+ ,,l>ge ,,families ,,vi ,,cries ,,( ,,despair ,,vii ,,:5 ,,%\ld ,a ,,woman ,,avoid ,,hav+ ,,*ildr58 ,,viii ,,bir? ,,control--,a ,,p>5ts' ,,problem ,,or ,,woman',s8 ,,ix ,,cont95ce--,,is ,,x ,,practicable ,,or ,,desirable8 ,x ,,contraceptives ,,or ,,abortion8 ,,xi ,,are ,,prev5tive ,,means ,,c]ta98 ,,xii ,,w ,,bir? ,,control ,,help ,,! ,,cause ,,( ,,labor8 ,,xiii ,,battalions ,,( ,,unwant$ ,,babies ,,! ,,cause ,,( ,,w> ,,xiv ,,woman ,,& ,,! ,,new ,,morality ,,xv ,,legislat+ ,,woman',s ,,morals ,,xvi ,,:y ,,n ,,bir? ,,control ,,cl9ics ,,9 ,,am]ica8 ,,xvii ,,progress ,,we ,,h ,,made ,,xviii ,,! ,,goal 99 99 99 99 99 99 ,,woman ,,& ,,! ,,new ,,race 99 99 99 99 99 ,,*apt] ,i ,,woman',s ,,error ,,& ,,h] ,,debt ,! mo/ f>-rea*+ social developm5t ( mod]n times is ! revolt ( woman aga9/ sex s]vitude4 ,! mo/ important =ce 9 ! remak+ ( ! _w is a free mo!rhood4 ,beside ?is =ce1 ! elaborate int]national programmes ( mod]n /atesm5 are weak & sup]ficial4 ,diplomats may =mulate leagues ( nations & nations may pl$ge _! utmo/ /r5g? to ma9ta9 !m1 /atesm5 may dream ( recon/ruct+ ! _w out ( alliances1 hegemonies & sph]es ( influ5ce1 b woman1 cont9u+ to produce explosive populations1 w conv]t ^! pl$ges into ! prov]bial scraps ( pap]2 or %e may1 by controll+ bir?1 lift mo!rhood to ! plane ( a volunt>y1 intellig5t function1 & remake ! _w4 ,:5 ! _w is ?us remade1 x w exce$ ! dream ( /atesman1 re=m] & revolutioni/4 ,only 9 rec5t ye>s has woman's position z ! g5tl] & weak] half ( ! human family be5 emphatically & g5]ally que/ion$4 ,m5 assum$ t ?is 0 woman's place2 woman h]self accept$ x4 ,x seldom occurr$ to anyone to ask :e!r %e w\ld g on occupy+ x =ev]4 ,^u ! m]e surface ( woman's organiz$ prote/s !re 7 no indications t %e 0 desir\s ( a*iev+ a fundam5tal *ange 9 h] position4 ,%e claim$ ! "r ( suffrage & legislative regulation ( h] work+ h\rs1 & ask$ t h] prop]ty rights be equal to ^? ( ! man4 ,none ( ^! dem&s1 h[ev]1 affect$ directly ! mo/ vital factors ( h] exi/5ce4 ,:e!r %e won h] po9t or fail$ to w9 x1 %e rema9$ a dom9at$ weakl+ 9 a society controll$ by m54 ,woman's acceptance ( h] inf]ior /atus 0 ! m real because x 0 unconsci\s4 ,%e _h *a9$ h]self to h] place 9 society & ! family ?r\gh ! mat]nal functions ( h] nature1 & only *a9s ?us /rong c\ld h b\nd h] to h] lot z a brood animal = ! mascul9e civilizations ( ! _w4 ,9 accept+ h] rle z ! weak] & g5tl] half1 %e accept$ t function4 ,9 turn1 ! acceptance ( t function fix$ ! m firmly h] rank z an inf]ior4 ,caught 9 ?is vici\s circle1 woman has1 ?r\gh h] reproductive ability1 f\nd$ & p]petuat$ ! tyrannies ( ! ,e>?4 ,:e!r x 0 ! tyranny ( a mon>*y1 an olig>*y or a republic1 ! "o indisp5sable factor ( its exi/5ce 01 z x is n[1 hordes ( human be+s--human be+s s pl5tiful z to be *eap1 & s *eap t ignorance 0 _! natural lot4 ,^u ! rock ( an un5light5$1 submissive mat]nity h ^! be5 f\nd$2 ^u ! product ( su* a mat]nity h !y fl\ri%$4 ,no despot ev] flung =? 8 legions to die 9 =eign conque/1 no privilege-rul$ nation ev] erupt$ across its bord]s1 to lock 9 dea? embrace ) ano!r1 b beh9d !m loom$ ! driv+ p[] ( a population too l>ge = its b\nd>ies & its natural res\rces4 ,no p]iod ( l[ wages or ( idl5ess ) _! want among ! work]s1 no peonage or sweat%op1 no *ild-labor factory1 ev] came into be+1 save f ! same s\rce4 ,nor h fam9e & plague be5 z mu* acts ( ,god z acts ( too prolific mo!rs4 ,!y1 also1 z all /ud5ts "k1 h _! basic causes 9 ov]-population4 ,! creators ( ov]-population are ! wom51 :o1 :ile wr++ _! h&s ov] ea* fre% horror1 submit anew to _! task ( produc+ ! multitudes :o w br+ ab\t ! next trag$y ( civilization4 ,:ile unkn[+ly lay+ ! f\ndations ( tyrannies & provid+ ! human t9d] = racial conflagrations1 woman 0 also unkn[+ly creat+ slums1 fill+ asylums ) insane1 & in/itutions ) o!r defectives4 ,%e 0 repl5i%+ ! ranks ( ! pro/itutes1 furni%+ gri/ = ! crim9al c\rts & inmates = prisons4 ,_h %e plann$ delib]ately to a*ieve ?is tragic total ( human wa/e & mis]y1 %e c\ld h>dly h done x m effectively4 ,woman's passivity "u ! burd5 ( h] disa/r\s task 0 almo/ altoge!r t ( ignorant resignation4 ,%e knew virtually no?+ ab\t h] reproductive nature & less ab\t ! consequ5ces ( h] excessive *ild-be>+4 ,x is true t1 obey+ ! inn] urge ( _! natures1 "s wom5 revolt$4 ,!y w5t ev5 to ! extreme ( infanticide & abortion4 ,usually _! revolts 7 n g5]al en\gh4 ,!y f\ght z individuals1 n z a mass4 ,9 ! mass !y sank back into bl9d & hopeless subjection4 ,!y w5t on bre$+ ) /agg]+ rapidity ^? numb]less1 undesir$ *ildr5 :o become ! clogs & ! de/roy]s ( civilizations4 ,to-day1 h[ev]1 woman is ris+ 9 fundam5tal revolt4 ,ev5 h] ef=ts at m]e re=m are1 z we %all see lat]1 /eps 9 t direction4 ,und]nea? ea* ( !m is ! fem99e urge to complete fre$om4 ,millions ( wom5 are ass]t+ _! "r to volunt>y mo!rhood4 ,!y are det]m9$ to decide = !mselves :e!r !y %all become mo!rs1 "u :at conditions & :54 ,?is is ! fundam5tal revolt ref]r$ to4 ,x is = woman ! key to ! temple ( lib]ty4 ,ev5 z bir? control is ! means by :i* woman atta9s basic fre$om1 s x is ! means by :i* %e mu/ & w uproot ! evil %e has wr\ght ?r\gh h] submission4 ,z %e has unconsci\sly & ignorantly br\ght ab\t social disa/]1 s mu/ & w %e consci\sly & intellig5tly undo t disa/] & create a new & a bett] ord]4 ,! task is h]s4 ,x _c be avoid$ by excuses1 nor c x be delegat$4 ,x is n en\gh = woman to po9t to ! self-evid5t dom9ation ( man4 ,nor does x avail to plead ! guilt ( rul]s & ! exploit]s ( labor4 ,x makes no diff]5ce t %e does n =mulate indu/rial sy/ems nor t %e is an in/9ctive believ] 9 social ju/ice4 ,9 h] submission lies h] error & h] guilt4 ,by h] failure to )hold ! multitudes ( *ildr5 :o h made inevitable ! mo/ flagrant ( our social evils1 %e incurr$ a debt to society4 ,reg>dless ( h] own wrongs1 reg>dless ( h] lack ( opportunity & reg>dless ( all o!r consid]ations1 %e mu/ pay t debt4 ,%e mu/ n ?9k to pay ?is debt 9 any sup]ficial way4 ,%e _c pay x ) palliatives--) *ild-labor laws1 prohibition1 regulation ( pro/itution & agitation aga9/ w>4 ,political no/rums & social panaceas are b incid5tally & sup]ficially useful4 ,!y d n t\* ! s\rce ( ! social disease4 ,w>1 fam9e1 pov]ty & oppression ( ! work]s w cont9ue :ile woman makes life *eap4 ,!y w cease only :5 %e limits h] reproductivity & human life is no long] a ?+ to be wa/$4 ,two *ief ob/acles h9d] ! dis*>ge ( ?is trem5d\s obligation4 ,! fir/ & ! less] is ! legal b>ri]4 ,d>k-,age laws w\ld /ill d5y to h] ! k ( h] reproductive nature4 ,su* k is indisp5sable to intellig5t mo!rhood & %e mu/ a*ieve x1 despite absurd /atutes & equally absurd moral canons4 ,! second & m s]i\s b>ri] is h] own ignorance ( ! ext5t & effect ( h] submission4 ,until %e kn[s ! evil h] subjection has wr\ght to h]self1 to h] prog5y & to ! _w at l>ge1 %e _c wipe out t evil4 ,to get rid ( ^! ob/acles is to invite attack f ! =ces ( reaction :i* are s /rongly entr5*$ 9 our pres5t-day society4 ,x means w>f>e 9 e phase ( h] life4 ,nev]!less1 at :atev] co/1 %e mu/ em]ge f h] ignorance & assume h] responsibility4 ,%e c d ?is only :5 %e has awak5$ to a k ( h]self & ( ! consequ5ces ( h] ignorance4 ,! fir/ /ep is bir? control4 ,?r\gh bir? control %e w atta9 to volunt>y mo!rhood4 ,hav+ atta9$ ?is1 ! basic fre$om ( h] sex1 %e w cease to enslave h]self & ! mass ( humanity4 ,!n1 ?r\gh ! und]/&+ ( ! intuitive =w>d urge )9 h]1 %e w n /op at pat*+ up ! _w2 %e w remake x4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,woman',s ,,/ruggle ,,= ,,fre$om ,beh9d all cu/oms ( :atev] nature2 beh9d all social unre/1 beh9d all movem5ts1 beh9d all revolutions1 are great driv+ =ces1 :i* 9 _! action & reaction ^u conditions1 give "* to civilization4 ,if1 9 seek+ to discov] ! s\rce ( a cu/om1 ( a movem5t or ( a revolution1 we /op at surface conditions1 we %all nev] disc]n m ?an a sup]ficial aspect ( ! und]ly+ tru?4 ,?is is ! error into :i* ! hi/orian has almo/ univ]sally fall54 ,x is also a common error among sociologi/s4 ,x is ! fa%ion n[adays1 = in/ance1 to expla9 all social unre/ 9 t]ms ( economic conditions4 ,?is is a valuable work+ !ory & has done mu* to awak5 m5 to _! inju/ice t[>d "o ano!r1 b x ignores ! =ces )9 humanity :i* drive x to revolt4 ,x is ^! =ces1 r ?an ! conditions ^u :i* !y react1 t are ! important factors4 ,conditions *ange1 b ! animat+ =ce goes on =ev]4 ,s1 too1 ) woman's /ruggle = emancipation4 ,wom5 9 all l&s & all ages h in/9ctively desir$ family limitation4 ,usually ?is desire has be5 laid to economic pressure4 ,frequ5tly ! pressure has exi/$1 b ! driv+ =ce beh9d woman's aspiration t[>d fre$om has la9 deep]4 ,x has ass]t$ itself among ! ri* & among ! poor1 among ! intellig5t & ! un9tellig5t4 ,x has be5 manife/$ 9 su* horrors z infanticide1 *ild ab&onm5t & abortion4 ,! only t]m suffici5tly compreh5sive to def9e ?is motive p[] ( woman's nature is ! fem99e _s4 ,t _s manife/s itself mo/ frequ5tly 9 mo!rhood1 b x is great] ?an mat]nity4 ,woman h]self1 all t %e is1 all t %e has ev] be51 all t %e may be1 is b ! outwork+ ( ?is inn] spiritual urge4 ,giv5 free play1 ?is supreme law ( h] nature ass]ts itself 9 b5efic5t ways2 int]f]$ )1 x becomes de/ructive4 ,only :5 we und]/& ?is c we compreh5d ! ef=ts ( ! fem99e _s to lib]ate itself4 ,:5 ! outwork+ ( ?is =ce )9 h] is hamp]$ by ! be>+ & ! c>e ( too _m *ildr51 woman rebels4 ,h5ce x is t1 f "t immemorial1 %e has s\ght "s =m ( family limitation4 ,:5 %e has n employ$ su* measures consci\sly1 %e has done s in/9ctively4 ,:]e laws1 cu/oms & religi\s re/rictions d n prev5t1 %e has rec\rse to contraceptives4 ,o!rwise1 %e resorts to *ild ab&onm5t1 abortion & infanticide1 or resigns h]self hopelessly to en=c$ mat]nity4 ,^! viol5t means ( free+ h]self f ! *a9s ( h] own reproductivity h be5 mo/ 9 evid5ce :]e economic conditions h made ! c>e ( *ildr5 ev5 m ( a burd5 ?an x w\ld o!rwise h be54 ,b1 :e!r 9 ! luxuri\s home ( ! ,a!nian1 ! pov]ty-ridd5 dwell+ ( ! ,*9ese1 or ! crude hut ( ! primitive ,au/ralian savage1 ! woman ^: developm5t has be5 int]f]$ ) by ! be>+ & re>+ ( *ildr5 has tri$ desp]ately1 frantically1 too (t5 9 va91 to take & hold h] fre$om4 ,individual m5 h sometimes acquiesc$ 9 ^! viol5t measures1 b 9 ! mass !y h oppos$4 ,by law1 by religi\s canons1 by public op9ion1 by p5alties rang+ all ! way f o/racism to behead+1 !y h s\ght to cru% ?is ef=t4 ,nei!r ?reat ( hell nor ! infliction ( physical puni%m5t has avail$4 ,wom5 h deceiv$ & d>$1 resi/$ & defi$ ! p[] ( *ur* & /ate4 ,quietly1 desp]ately1 consci\sly1 !y h m>*$ to ! gates ( dea? to ga9 ! lib]ty :i* ! fem99e _s has desir$4 ,9 savage life z well z 9 b>b>ism & civilization has woman's in/9ctive urge to fre$om & a wid] developm5t ass]t$ itself 9 an ef=t1 successful or o!rwise1 to curtail h] family4 ,! cu/om ( infanticide prevails or has prevail$1 says ,we/]m>k 9 8 monum5tal "w1 ,! ,orig9 & ,developm5t ( ! ,moral ,idea1 n only 9 ! savage _w b among ! semi-civiliz$ & civiliz$ races4 ,) ! savage "m1 family limitation ran l>gely to infanticide1 al?\gh t practice 0 frequ5tly accompani$ by abortion z a tribal means4 ,z ,mc,lennan says 9 8 ,/udies 9 ,anci5t ,hi/ory1 infanticide 0 =m]ly v common among ! savages ( ,new ,zeal&1 & x 0 g5]ally p]petrat$ by ! "m4 ,he notes mu* ! same /ate ( affairs among ! primitive ,au/ralians1 except t abortion 0 also frequ5tly employ$4 ,9 num]\s ,nor? ,am]ican ,indian tribes1 he says1 infanticide & abortion 7 n uncommon1 & ! ,indians ( ,c5tral ,am]ica 7 f\nd by him to h gone to extremes 9 ! use ( abortives4 ,:5 a travell] reproa*$ ! wom5 ( "o ( ! ,s\? ,am]ican ,indian tribes = ! practice ( infanticide1 ,mc,lennan says he 0 met by ! retort1 ,m5 h no bus9ess to m$dle ) wom5's affairs4 ,mc,lennan v5tures ! op9ion t ! practice ( abortion s widely not$ among ,indians 9 ! ,we/]n ,hemisph]e1 mu/ h sup]v5$ on a practice ( infanticide4 ,simil> practices h be5 f\nd to prevail :]ev] hi/orians h dug deep into ! life ( savage p4 ,infanticide1 at lea/1 0 practic$ by ,african tribes1 by ! primitive peoples ( ,japan1 ,india & ,we/]n ,europe1 z well z 9 ,*9a1 & 9 e>ly ,greece & ,rome4 ,! anci5t ,hebrews are sometimes po9t$ out z ! "o possible exception to ?is practice1 because ! ,mosaic law1 z x has come d[n to u1 is sil5t ^u ! subject4 ,we/]m>k is ( ! op9ion t x h>dly occurr$ among ! ,hebrews 9 hi/oric times4 ,b we h reason to believe t at an e>li] p]iod1 among !m1 z among o!r bran*es ( ! ,semitic race1 *ild murd] 0 frequ5tly practic$ z a sacrificial rite4 ,we/]m>k f\nd t ! murd] ( female infants1 :e!r by ! direct employm5t ( homicidal means1 or exposure to privation & neglect1 has = ages be5 a common practice or ev5 a g5u9e cu/om among v>i\s ,h9du ca/es4 ,/ill fur!r light is %$ ^u ! real s\rces ( ! practice1 z well z ^u ! improvem5t ( ! /atus ( woman ?r\gh ! practice1 by an ,engli% /ud5t ( conditions 9 ,india4 ,capta9 ,s4 ,*>les ,mac,pherson1 ( ! ,madras ,army1 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society = #aheb1 said3 ,i c "h b v briefly adv]t to ! cu/oms & feel+s :i* ! practice ( infanticide 7among ! ,khonds ( ,orissa7 alt]nately spr+s f & produces4 ,! influ5ce & privileges ( wom5 are exce$+ly great among ! ,khonds1 & are1 ,i believe1 greate/ among ! tribes :i* practice infanticide4 ,_! op9ions h great weight 9 all public & private affairs2 _! direct p>ticipation is (t5 consid]$ ess5tial 9 ! =m]4 ,if infanticide did n spr+ f a desire )9 ! woman h]self1 f a desire /rong] ?an mo!rhood1 w\ld x prevail :]e wom5 enjoy an influ5ce equal to t ( m58 ,& does n ! fact t ! wom5 9 "q d enjoy su* influ5ce1 po9t unmi/akably to ! motive beh9d ! practice8 ,infanticide did n g out ( fa%ion ) ! advance f savag]y to b>b>ism & civilization4 ,r1 x became1 z 9 ,greece & ,rome1 a recogniz$ cu/om ) advocates among lead]s ( ?\ght & action4 ,s did abortion1 :i* "s au?orities reg>d z a developm5t spr++ f infanticide & t5d+ to sup]s$e x z a means ( gett+ rid ( undesir$ *ildr54 ,z progress is made t[>d civilization1 infanticide1 !n1 actually increas$4 ,?is t5d5cy 0 not$ by ,we/]m>k1 :o also calls att5tion to ! conclusions ( ,fison & ,h[itt 79 ,kamil>oi & ,kurnai74 ,mr4 ,fison :o has liv$ = a long "t among unciviliz$ races1 says ,we/]m>k1 ?9ks x w be f\nd t infanticide is f> less common among ! l[] savages ?an among ! m advanc$ tribes4 ,foll[+ ?is same t5d5cy into civiliz$ c\ntries1 we f9d infanticide ei!r advocat$ by philosoph]s & au?oriz$ by law1 z 9 ,greece & ,rome1 or widely practic$ 9 spite ( ! law1 civil & ecclesia/ical4 ,! /atus ( infanticide z an e/abli%$1 legaliz$ cu/om 9 ,greece1 is well summ$ up by ,we/]m>k1 :o says3 ,! exposure ( de=m$ or sickly infants 0 und\bt$ly an anci5t cu/om 9 ,greece2 9 ,sp>ta1 at lea/1 x 0 enjo9$ by law4 ,x 0 also approv$ ( by ! mo/ enlight5$ among ! ,greek philosoph]s4 ,plato condemns all ^? *ildr5 :o are imp]fect 9 limbs z well z ^? :o are born ( deprav$ citiz5s4 ,ari/otle1 :o believ$ t ! /ate %\ld fix ! numb] ( *ildr5 ea* m>ri$ pair %\ld h1 has ?is to say 9 ,politics1 ,book ,,vii1 ,*apt] ,v3 ,) respect to ! expos+ & nurtur+ ( *ildr51 let x be a law t no?+ mutilat$ %all be nurtur$4 ,& 9 ord] to avoid hav+ too great a numb] ( *ildr51 if x be n p]mitt$ by ! laws ( ! c\ntry to expose !m1 x is !n requisite to def9e h[ _m a man may h2 & if any h m ?an ! prescrib$ numb]1 "s means mu/ be adopt$ t ! fruit be de/roy$ 9 ! womb ( ! "m be=e s5se & life are g5]at$ 9 x4 ,ari/otle 0 a consci\s advocate ( family limitation ev5 if atta9$ by viol5t means4 ,x is necess>y1 he says1 to take c>e t ! increase ( ! p %\ld n exce$ a c]ta9 numb] 9 ord] to avoid pov]ty & its concomitants1 s$ition & o!r evils4 ,9 ,a!ns1 :ile ! citiz5 wives 7 unable to ?r[ (f ! re/rictions ( ! laws :i* kept !m at home1 ! great numb] ( het]a1 or /rang] wom51 7 ! glory ( ! ,gold5 ,age4 ,! homes ( ^! wom5 :o 7 free f ! burd5 ( too _m *ildr5 became ! ga!r+ places ( philosoph]s1 poets1 sculptors & /atesm54 ,! het]a 7 _! companions1 _! inspiration & _! tea*]s4 ,aspasia1 "o ( ! greate/ wom5 ( antiquity1 0 su* an emancipat$ individuality4 ,true to ! urge ( ! fem99e _s1 %e1 l ,sappho1 ! poetess ( ,lesbia1 s\ght to ar\se ! ,greek wives to ! expression ( _! individual selves4 ,"o writ] says ( h] ef=ts3 ,?is woman det]m9$ to d h] utmo/ to elevate h] sex4 ,! "o me?od ( culture op5 to wom5 at t "t 0 poetry4 ,!re 0 no o!r =m ( lit]ature1 & accord+ly %e sy/ematically tra9$ h] pupils to be poets1 & to weave into ! v]se ! noble/ maxims ( ! intellect & ! deepe/ emotions ( ! he>t4 ,"y pupils ) ri*ly end[$ m9ds flock$ to h] f all c\ntries & =m$ a k9d ( ,woman's ,college4 ,!re c be no d\bt t ^! "y wom5 7 impell$ to seek ! society ( ,sappho f disgu/ ) ! l[ drudg]y & monoton\s r\t9e to :i* woman's life 0 sacrific$1 & !y 7 anxi\s to rise to some?+ nobl] & bett]4 ,c !re be any d\bt t ! un=tunate citiz5 wives ( ,a!ns1 b\nd by law to _! homes1 envi$ ! brilliant c>e]s ( ! /rang] wom51 & s\ght all possible means ( fre$om8 ,& c !re be any d\bt t !y acquiesc$ 9 ! practice ( infanticide z a means to t end8 ,o!rwise1 h[ c\ld ! cu/om ( de/roy+ infants h be5 s ?or\ghly emb$d$ 9 ! jurisprud5ce1 ! ?\ght & ! v core ( ,a!nian civilization8 ,z to ! ,sp>tan wom51 ,ari/otle says t !y rul$ _! husb&s & own$ two-fif?s ( ! l&4 ,surely1 _h !y n approv$ ( infanticide = "s v /rong reasons ( _! own1 !y w\ld h aboli%$ x4 ,a!ns & ,sp>ta mu/ be reg>d$ z giv+ v /rong indications t ! ,grecian wom5 n only approv$ ( family limitation by ! de/ruction ( unwant$ *ildr51 b t at lea/ "p ( _! motive 0 p]sonal fre$om4 ,9 ,rome1 an av[$ly milit>i/ic nation1 liv+ by conque/ ( weak] /ates1 all s\nd *ildr5 7 sav$4 ,b ! weakly or de=m$ 7 dr[n$4 ,says ,s5eca3 ,we de/roy mon/r\s bir?s1 & we also dr[n our *ildr5 if !y are born weakly or unnaturally =m$4 ,wives ( ,romans1 h[ev]1 7 reliev$ ( mu* ( ! drudg]y ( *ild re>+ by ! slaves :i* ,rome took by ! ?\s&s & br\ght home4 ,?us !y 7 free to atta9 an advanc$ position & to become ! advisors ( _! husb&s 9 politics1 mak+ & unmak+ political c>e]s4 ,:5 we come to look into ! prov]bial infanticide ( ! ,*9ese1 we f9d ! same positive indications t x grew out ( ! in/9ctive purpose ( woman to free h]self f ! bondage ( too great reproductivity4 ,9 ! poore/ di/ricts ( ,*9a1 says ,we/]m>k1 female infants are (t5 de/roy$ by _! p>5ts imm$iately aft] _! bir?1 *iefly on acc\nt ( pov]ty4 ,?\gh disapprov$ ( by educat$ ,*9ese1 ! practice is treat$ ) =be>ance or indiff]5ce by ! man ( ! p & is acquiesc$ 9 by ! m&>9s4 ,:5 s]i\sly appeal$ to on ! subject1 says ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,doolittle 9 ,social ,life ( ! ,*9ese1 ?\gh all deprecate x z contr>y to ! dictates ( reason & ! in/9cts ( nature1 _m are ready boldly to apologize = x & decl>e x to be necess>y1 especially 9 ! families ( ! excessively poor4 ,"h aga9 ! wide preval5ce ( ! cu/om is ! fir/ & be/ pro( t wom5 are driv5 by "s great pressure )9 !mselves to acc$e to x4 ,if fur!r pro( 7 necess>y1 x is af=d$ by ! te/imony ( ,occid5tals :o h liv$ 9 ,*9a1 t ,*9ese midwives are extremely skillful 9 produc+ e>ly abortion4 ,abortions are n p]=m$ )\t ! cons5t & usually only at ! dem& ( ! woman4 ,9 ,*9a1 z 9 ,india1 ! religions ( ! c\ntry condemn$1 ev5 z !y to-day condemn1 infanticide4 ,bo? =eign & native gov]nm5ts h s\ght to make an end ( ! cu/om4 ,b 9 bo? c\ntries x /ill prevails4 ,nor are ^! ,ea/]n c\ntries sub/antially diff]5t f _! ,we/]n neighbors4 ,! record ( ,we/]n ,europe is summ>iz$ by ,osc> ,helmu? ,w]n]1 ,ph4,d41 9 8 book1 ,! ,unm>ri$ ,"m 9 ,g]man ,lit]ature4 ,infanticide1 says ,dr4 ,w]n]1 0 ! mo/ common crime 9 ,we/]n ,europe f ! ,middle ,ages d[n to ! end ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,?is fact1 ( c\rse1 means t x 0 ev5 m l>gely practic$ by ! m>ri$ ?an ! unm>ri$1 ! m>ri$ mo!rs be+ f> great] 9 numb]4 ,ano!r problem :i* confront$ ! *ur*1 he says 9 ano!r place1 0 ! practice ( exposure & kill+ ( *ildr5 by legal p>5ts4 ,a sort ( f9al ^w f ,dr4 ,w]n] is ?is3 ,infanticide by legal p>5ts has practically ceas$ 9 civiliz$ c\ntries1 b abortion1 its sub/itute1 has n4 ,h[ desp]ately woman desir$ fre$om to develop h]self z an individual1 ap>t f mo!rhood1 is indicat$ by ! fact t infanticide 0 ! mo/ common crime ( ,we/]n ,europe1 9 spite ( ! fact t "s ( ! mo/ t]rible puni%m5ts ev] inflict$ by law 7 met$ out to ^? wom5 :o s\ght ?is means ( escape f ! burd5 ( unwant$ *ildr54 ,dr4 ,w]n] %[s t 9 ,g]many1 = in/ance1 9 ! ye> #aecb1 x 0 ! law t ^? guilty ( infanticide 7 to be buri$ alive or impal$4 ,9 ord] to prev5t desp]ation1 h[ev]1 !y %all be dr[n$ if x is possible to get to a /ream or riv]1 9 :i* !y %all be torn ) gl[+ tongs be=eh&4 ,not)/&+ ! fact t at "o "t 9 ,g]many1 ! puni%m5t 0 t ( dr[n+ 9 a sack conta9+ a s]p5t1 a cat & a dog--9 ord] t ! utmo/ agony might be inflict$--"o sov]eign alone condemn$ #bj1jjj wom5 to dea? = infanticide1 )\t noticeably r$uc+ ! practice4 ,to-day1 9 spite ( ! huge numb]s ( abortions & ! multiplication ( f\ndl+s' homes & orphans' asylums1 infanticide is /ill an occasional crime 9 all c\ntries4 ,z to woman's %>e 9 ! practice1 let u add ?is ^w f ,havelock ,ellis1 tak5 f ! *apt] on ,morbid ,psy*ic ,ph5om5a 9 8 book1 ,man & ,woman3 ,infanticide is ! crime 9 :i* wom5 /& out 9 ! greate/ contra/ to m52 9 ,italy1 = example1 = e #ajj m5 guilty ( infanticide1 !re are #dgg wom54 ,& he rem>ks lat] t :5 a man commits ?is crime1 he usually does x at ! in/ance ( "s woman4 ,infanticide t5ds to disappe> z skill 9 produc+ abortions is develop$ or k ( contraceptives is spread1 & only !n4 ,"o au?ority1 z w be se5 9 a lat] *apt]1 e/imates ! numb] ( abortions p]=m$ annually 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates at #a1jjj1jjj1 & ano!r believes t d\ble t numb] are produc$4 ,among ! ,h9dus & ,mohamm$ans1 artificial abortion is extremely common1 says ,we/]m>k4 ,9 ,p]sia e illegitimate pregnancy ends ) abortion4 ,9 ,turkey1 bo? among ! ri* & ! poor1 ev5 m>ri$ wom5 v commonly procure abortion aft] !y h giv5 bir? to two *ildr51 "o ( :i* is a boy4 ,! nations m5tion$ are typical ( ! _w1 except ^? c\ntries :]e in=mation conc]n+ contraceptives has enabl$ wom5 to limit _! families )\t rec\rse to op]ations4 ,x is app>5t t no?+ %ort ( contraceptives c put an end to ! horrors ( abortion & infanticide4 ,! ,roman ,ca?olic *ur*1 :i* has f\ght ^! practices f ! beg9n+1 has be5 unable to *eck !m2 & no m p[]ful ag5cy c\ld h be5 br\ght into play4 ,x took t *ur*1 ev5 9 ! days ( its unlimit$ p[]1 _m c5turies to come to its pres5t sweep+ condemnation ( abortion4 ,! sev]ity ( ! condemnation dep5d$ ^u ! "t at :i* ! developm5t ( ! foetus 0 int]f]$ )4 ,an illum9at+ resume ( ! *ur*'s ef=ts 9 ?is direction is giv5 by ,dr4 ,william ,burke ,ryan 9 8 au?oritative & exhau/ive /udy entitl$ ,infanticide2 ,its ,law1 ,preval5ce1 ,prev5tion & ,hi/ory4 ,dr4 ,ryan says3 ,!ologians ( ! *ur* ( ,rome made a di/9ction betwe5 ! inanimate & ! animate foetus to :i* ! s\l is add$ by ! creation ( ,god1 & adopt$ ! op9ions ( "s ( ! old philosoph]s1 m p>ticul>ly ^? ( ,ari/otle1 z to animation 9 ! male & female1 b ! canon law altoge!r negativ$ ! doctr9e ( ! ,/oics1 = ,innoc5t ,,ii condemn$ ! foll[+ proposition3 ',x seems probable t ! foetus does n possess a rational s\l z long z x is 9 ! womb1 & only beg9s to possess x :5 born1 & consequ5tly 9 no abortion is homicide committ$4' ,sextus ,v inflict$ sev]e p5alties = ! crime ( abortion at any p]iod2 ^! 7 9 "s degree mitigat$ by ,gregory ,,xiv1 :o1 h[ev]1 /ill held t ^? produc+ ! abortion ( an animat$ foetus %\ld be subject to !m1 viz41 & excommunication res]v$ to ! bi%op & also an 'irregul>ity' res]v$ to ! ,pope himself = absolution4 ,to-day1 ! ,roman *ur* /&s firmly ^u ! proposition t directly int5d$1 artificial abortion mu/ be reg>d$ z wrongful kill+1 z murd]4 ,footnote3 ,pa/oral ,m$ic9e ,b x requir$ a long "t = x to rea* t po9t1 9 ! face ( ! dem& = relief f l>ge families4 ,z x 0 ) ! fight ( ! *ur* aga9/ abortion1 s x is ) ! ef=t to prev5t abortion 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates to-day4 ,all ef=ts to /op ! practice are futile4 ,app>5tly1 ! numb]s ( ^! illegal op]ations are increas+ f ye> to ye>4 ,f ye> to ye> m wom5 w und]go ! humiliation1 ! dang] & ! horror ( !m1 & ! t]rible record1 begun ) ! infanticide ( ! primitive peoples1 w g on pil+ up its volume ( human mis]y & racial damage1 until society awak5s to ! fact t a fundam5tal rem$y mu/ be appli$4 ,to apply su* a rem$y1 society mu/ recognize ! t]rible lesson taught by ! innum]able c5turies ( infanticide & foeticide4 ,if ^! abhorr5t practices c\ld h be5 end$ by puni%m5t & suppression1 !y w\ld h ceas$ long ago4 ,b to cont9ue suppression & puni%m5t1 & let ! matt] re/ !re1 is only to miss ! lesson--only to p]mit conditions to g f bad to worse4 ,:at is t lesson8 ,x is ?is3 woman's desire = fre$om is born ( ! fem99e _s1 :i* is ! absolute1 elem5tal1 inn] urge ( womanhood4 ,x is ! /ronge/ =ce 9 h] nature2 x _c be de/roy$2 x c m]ely be div]t$ f its natural expression into viol5t & de/ructive *annels4 ,! *ief ob/acles to ! normal expression ( ?is =ce are undesir$ pregnancy & ! burd5 ( unwant$ *ildr54 ,^! ob/acles h always be5 & always w be swept aside by a consid]able proportion ( wom54 ,driv5 by ! irresi/ible =ce )9 !m1 !y w always seek wid] fre$om & great] self-developm5t1 reg>dless ( ! co/4 ,! sole "q t society has to answ] is1 h[ %all wom5 be p]mitt$ to atta9 ?is end8 ,are y horrifi$ at ! record set d[n 9 ?is *apt]8 ,x is well t y %\ld be4 ,y _c help society to apply ! fundam5tal rem$y unless y "k ^! facts & are consci\s ( _! fulle/ significance4 ,society1 9 deal+ ) ! fem99e _s1 has its *oice ( cle>ly def9$ alt]natives4 ,x c cont9ue to resort to viol5ce 9 an ef=t to enslave ! elem5tal urge ( womanhood1 mak+ ( woman a m]e in/rum5t ( reproduction & puni%+ h] :5 %e revolts4 ,or1 x c p]mit h] to *oose :e!r %e %all become a "m & h[ _m *ildr5 %e w h4 ,x c g on try+ to cru% t :i* is uncru%able1 or x c recognize woman's claim to fre$om1 & cease to impose div]t+ & de/ructive b>ri]s4 ,if we *oose ! latt] c\rse1 we mu/ n only remove all re/rictions ^u ! use ( sci5tific contraceptives1 b we mu/ legalize & enc\rage _! use4 ,?is problem comes home ) peculi> =ce to ! p ( ,am]ica4 ,d we want ! millions ( abortions p]=m$ annually to be multipli$8 ,d we want ! preci\s1 t5d] qualities ( womanhood1 s mu* ne$$ = our racial developm5t1 to p]i% 9 ^! sordid1 abnormal exp]i5ces8 ,or1 d we wi% to p]mit woman to f9d h] way to fundam5tal fre$om ?r\gh safe1 unobjectionable1 sci5tific means8 ,we h our *oice4 ,^u our answ] to ^! que/ions dep5ds 9 a trem5d\s degree ! "* & ! capabilities ( ! future ,am]ican race4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,! ,,mat]ials ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,race ,ea* ( u has an ideal ( :at ! ,am]ican ( ! future %\ld be4 ,we h be5 told times )\t numb] t out ( ! mixture ( /ocks1 ! int]m+l+ ( ideas & aspirations1 !re is to come a race great] ?an any :i* has contribut$ to ! population ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,:at is ! basis = ?is hope t is s g5]ally indulg$ 98 ,if ! hope is f\nd$ ^u realities1 h[ may x be realiz$8 ,to und]/& ! difficulties & ! ob/acles to be ov]come be=e ! dream ( a great] race 9 ,am]ica c be atta9$1 is to und]/& some?+ ( ! task be=e ! wom5 :o %all give bir? to t race4 ,:at mat]ial is !re = a great] ,am]ican race8 ,:at elem5ts make up our pres5t millions8 ,:]e d !y live8 ,h[ d !y live8 ,9 :at direction does our national civilization b5d _! ideals8 ,:at is ! effect ( ! melt+ pot ^u ! =eign]1 once he beg9s to melt8 ,are we n[ produc+ a fre]1 ju/]1 m intellig5t1 m ideali/ic1 creative p out ( ! v>i$ +r$i5ts "h8 ,be=e we c answ] ^! que/ions1 we mu/ consid] briefly ! races :i* h contribut$ to ,am]ican population4 ,among our m ?an #ajj1jjj1jjj population are ,negroes1 ,indians1 ,*9ese & o!r color$ p to ! numb] ( #aa1jjj1jjj4 ,!re are also #ad1ejj1jjj p]sons ( =eign bir?4 ,besides ^! !re are #ad1jjj1jjj *ildr5 ( =eign-born p>5ts & #f1ejj1jjj p]sons ^: fa!rs or mo!rs 7 born on =eign soil1 mak+ a total ( #df1jjj1jjj p ( =eign /ock4 ,fifty p] c5t ( our population is ( ! native :ite /ra94 ,( ! =eign /ock 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! la/ g5]al c5sus1 compil$ 9 #aiaj1 %[s t #be4g p] c5t 0 ,g]man1 #ad p] c5t 0 ,iri%1 #h4e p] c5t 0 ,russian or ,f9ni%1 #g4b 0 ,engli%1 #f4e p] c5t ,italian & #f4b p] c5t ,au/rian4 ,! ,ab/ract ( ! same c5sus po9ts out sev]al significant facts4 ,! ,we/]n ,european /ra9s 9 ?is c\ntry are repres5t$ by a majority ( native-born *ildr5 ( =eign-born or mix$ p>5tage4 ,?is is because ! immigration f ^? s\rces has be5 *eck$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 immigration f ,s\!rn & ,ea/]n ,europe1 includ+ ,russia & ,f9l&1 increas$ #age4d p] c5t f #aijj to #aiaj4 ,dur+ t p]iod1 ! slums ( ,europe dump$ _! subm]g$ inhabitants into ,am]ica at a rate almo/ d\ble t ( ! prec$+ decade1 & ! fl[ 0 /ill increas+ at ! "t ! c5sus 0 tak54 ,s x is m ?an likely t :5 ! next c5sus is tak5 x w be f\nd t foll[+ #aiaj !re 0 an ev5 great] fl[ f ,spa91 ,italy1 ,hung>y1 ,au/ria1 ,russia1 ,f9l&1 & o!r c\ntries :]e ! iron h& ( economic & political tyrannies _h cru%$ great populations into ignorance & want4 ,^! peoples h n be5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates long en\gh to produce great families4 ,! c5sus ( #aibj w 9 all probability tell a /ory ( a great] & m s]i\s problem ?an did ! la/4 ,ov] "o-f\r? ( all ! immigrants ov] f\rte5 ye>s ( age1 admitt$ dur+ ! two decades prec$+ #aiaj1 7 illit]ate4 ,( ! #h1cih1jjj :o arriv$ 9 ! #aijj-aiaj p]iod1 #b1bch1jjj c\ld n read or write4 ,!re 7 #a1fjj1jjj illit]ate =eign]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :5 ! #aiaj c5sus 0 tak54 ,d ^! elem5ts give promise ( a bett] race8 ,are we do+ any?+ g5u9ely con/ructive to ov]come ?is situation8 ,two-?irds ( ! :ite =eign /ock 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates live 9 cities4 ,f\r-fif?s ( ! populations ( ,*icago & ,new ,york are ( ?is /ock4 ,m ?an two-?irds ( ! populations ( ,bo/on1 ,clevel&1 ,detroit1 ,buffalo1 ,pittsburgh1 ,milwaukee1 ,new>k1 ,j]sey ,city1 ,provid5ce1 ,worce/]1 ,scranton1 ,pat]son1 ,fall ,riv]1 ,l[ell1 ,cambridge1 ,bridgeport1 ,/4 ,paul1 ,m9neapolis & ,san ,francisco are ( o!r ?an native :ite ance/ry4 ,( ! fifty pr9cipal cities ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates !re are only f\rte5 9 :i* fifty p] c5t ( ! population is ( unmix$ native :ite p>5tage4 ,only "o /ate 9 ! ,union--,nor? ,c>ol9a--has less ?an "o p] c5t ( ! :ite =eign /ock4 ,new ,york1 ,new ,j]sey1 ,delaw>e1 ,massa*usetts1 ,connecticut1 ,rhode ,isl&1 ,mi*igan1 ,ill9ois1 ,wiscons91 ,m9nesota1 ! ,dakotas1 ,montana & ,utah h m ?an fifty p] c5t =eign /ock4 ,elev5 /ates1 includ+ ^? on ! ,pacific ,coa/1 h f #ce to #ej p] c5t4 ,ma9e1 ,ohio & ,kansas h f #be to #ce p] c5t4 ,m>yl&1 ,indiana1 ,miss\ri & ,texas h f #ae to #be p] c5t4 ,^! proportions are increas+ r ?an decreas+1 ow+ to ! extraord9>ily high bir? rate ( ! =eign /ra9s4 ,a special analysis ( #aiae vital /ati/ics = c]ta9 /ates1 9 ! ,_w ,almanac = #aiah1 %[s t =eign-born mo!rs gave bir? to ne>ly #fb p] c5t ( ! *ildr5 born 9 ,connecticut1 ne>ly #eh p] c5t 9 ,massa*usetts1 ne>ly #cc p] c5t 9 ,mi*igan1 ne>ly #eh p] c5t 9 ,rhode ,isl&1 m ?an #dc p] c5t 9 ,new ,hamp%ire1 m ?an #ed p] c5t 9 ,new ,york & m ?an #ch p] c5t 9 ,p5nsylvania4 ,all ^! figures1 be x rememb]$1 fail to include =eign /ock ( ! second g5]ation aft] l&+4 ,if ! /ati/ics = *ildr5 :o h native p>5ts b =eign-born gr&p>5ts1 or :o h "o =eign-born p>5t1 7 giv51 !y w\ld d\btless leave b a small p]c5tage ( bir?s f /ocks native to ! soil = sev]al g5]ations4 ,immigrants or _! *ildr5 con/itute ! majority ( work]s employ$ 9 _m ( our indu/ries4 ,sev5 out ( t5 ( ^? :o "w 9 our iron & /eel indu/ries are drawn f ?is class1 says ! ,national ,geographic ,magaz9e 7,febru>y1 #aiag71 sev5 out ( t5 ( our bitum9\s coal m9]s belong to x4 ,?ree out ( f\r :o "w 9 pack+ t[ns 7 born abroad or are *ildr5 ( ^? :o 7 born abroad2 f\r out ( five ( ^? :o make our silk goods1 sev5 out ( eight ( ^? employ$ 9 wool5 mills1 n9e out ( t5 ( ^? :o ref9e our petroleum1 & n9ete5 out ( tw5ty ( ^? :o manufacture our sug> are immigrants or ! *ildr5 ( immigrants4 ,& x might h %[n a simil>ly high p]c5tage ( ^? 9 ! ready-made clo?+ indu/ries1 railway & public works con/ruction ( ! less skill$ sort1 & a numb] ( o!rs4 ,t ^! =eign]s :o h come 9 hordes h br\ght ) !m _! ignorance ( hygi5e & mod]n ways ( liv+ & t !y are h&icapp$ by religi\s sup]/itions is only too true4 ,b !y also br+ 9 _! he>ts a desire = fre$om f all ! tyrannies t afflict ! e>?4 ,!y w\ld n be "h if !y did n be> )9 !m ! h>dihood ( pione]s1 a c\rage ( no mean ord]4 ,!y h ! simple fai? t 9 ,am]ica !y w f9d equality1 lib]ty & an opportunity = a dec5t livelihood4 ,& !y h some?+ else4 ,! cell plasms ( ^! peoples are freight$ ) ! pot5tialities ( ! be/ 9 ,old ,_w civilization4 ,!y come f l&s ri* 9 ! traditions ( c\rage1 ( art1 music1 lett]s1 sci5ce & philosophy4 ,am]icans no long] consid] !mselves cultur$ unless !y h j\rney$ to ^! l&s to f9d access to ! treasures creat$ by m5 & wom5 ( ?is same blood4 ,! immigrant br+s ! possibilities ( all ^! ?+s to our %ores1 b :]e is ! opportunity to reproduce 9 ! ,new ,_w ! cultures ( ! old8 ,:at opportunities h we giv5 to ^! peoples to enri* our civilization8 ,we h greet$ !m z a lot ( ignorant =eign]s1 we h %\t$ at1 bu/l$ & kick$ !m4 ,our indu/ries h tak5 advantage ( _! ignorance ( ! c\ntry's ways to take _! toil 9 mills & m9es & factories at />vation wages4 ,we h h]d$ !m into slums to become diseas$1 to become social burd5s or to die4 ,we h huddl$ !m toge!r l rabbits to multiply _! numb]s & _! mis]y4 ,in/ead ( say+ t we ,am]icanize !m1 we %\ld confess t we animalize !m4 ,! only fre$om we seem to h giv5 !m is ! fre$om to make heavi] & m secure _! *a9s4 ,:at hope is !re = racial progress 9 ?is human mat]ial1 treat$ m c>elessly & brutally ?an ! *eape/ factory product8 ,nor are all our social h&icaps b\nd up 9 ! immigrant4 ,!re 7 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :5 ! ,f$]al ,indu/rial ,relations ,committee f9i%$ its "w 9 #aiae1 sev]al million migratory work]s1 mo/ ( !m :ite1 _m ( !m m>ri$ b sep>at$ f _! families1 :o 7 compell$1 l !mselves1 to /ruggle ) dire want4 ,!re 7 9 #aiaj m ?an #b1cec1jjj t5ant f>m]s1 two-?irds ( :om liv$ & work$ "u ! t]rible conditions :i* ! ,indu/rial ,relations ,commission's report %[$ to prevail 9 ! ,s\? & ,s\?we/4 ,^! t5ant f>m]s1 z ! report %[$1 7 always 9 want1 & 7 compell$ by ! v t]ms ( ! prevail+ t5ant contracts to produce *ildr5 :o mu/ g to ! fields & d ! "w ( adults4 ,! c5sus prov$ t ?is t5ancy 0 on ! increase1 ! numb] ( t5ants 9 all b ! ,new ,engl& & ,middle ,atlantic ,/ates hav+ increas$ approximately #cj p] c5t f #aijj to #aiaj4 ,moreov]1 !re 7 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #aiaj1 #e1eaf1afc illit]ates4 ,( ^! #a1cgh1hhd 7 ( pure native :ite /ock4 ,9 "s /ates 9 ! ,s\? z mu* z #bi p] c5t ( ! population is illit]ate1 _m ( ^!1 ( c\rse1 be+ ,negroes4 ,!re is /ill ano!r factor to be consid]$--a factor :i* because ( its great scope is m om9\s ?an any yet m5tion$4 ,?is is ! und]paid mass ( work]s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates--work]s ^: l[ wages are =c+ !m deep] into want ea* day4 ,let ,s5ator ,borah1 n a radical nor ev5 a re=m]1 b a lead] ( ! ,republican p>ty1 tell ! /ory4 ,fifty-sev5 p] c5t ( ! families 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates h incomes ( #hjj or less1 said he 9 a spee* be=e ! ,s5ate1 ,augu/ #bd1 #aiag1 ,sev5ty p] c5t ( ! families ( our c\ntry h incomes ( #a1jjj or less4 ,tell me h[ a man s situat$ c h %elt] = 8 family2 h[ he c provide food & clo?+4 ,he is an indu/rial peon4 ,8 home is scant & p9*$ beyond ! p[] ( language to tell4 ,he sees 8 wife & *ildr5 on ! ragg$ edge ( hung] f week to week & mon? to mon?4 ,if sickness comes1 he faces suicide or crime4 ,he _c educate 8 *ildr52 he _c fit !m = citiz5%ip2 he _c ev5 fit !m z soldi]s to die = _! c\ntry4 ,x is ! trag$y ( our :ole national life--h[ ^! p live 9 su* times z ^!4 ,we h n yet ga!r$ ! fruits ( su* an indu/rial condition 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,we h be5 sav$ ?us f> by reason ( ! newness ( our national life1 our va/ public l&s n[ almo/ exhau/$1 our great natural res\rces n[ fa/ be+ seiz$ & held1 b ! h\r ( reckon+ w come4 ,s5ator ,borah 0 ?9k+1 d\btless1 ( op5 revolution1 ( blood%$ & ! de/ruction ( prop]ty4 ,9 a f> m t]rible s5se1 ! reckon+ :i* he has ref]r$ to is already ^u u4 ,! ills we suff] z ! result ( ! conditions n[ prevail+ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates are appall+ 9 _! sum4 ,x is ^! conditions t produce ! #c1jjj1jjj *ild labor]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 *ild slaves :o und]go h>d%ips t blight !m physically & m5tally1 leav+ !m fit only to produce human be+s ^: defici5cies & mis=tunes w exce$ _! own4 ,f ^! same elem5ts1 liv+ "u ^! same conditions come ! feeblem9d$ & o!r defectives4 ,j h[ _m feeblem9d$ !re are 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 no "o kn[s1 because no attempt has ev] be5 made to give public c>e to all ( !m1 & families are m incl9$ to conceal ?an to reveal ! m5tal defects ( _! memb]s4 ,e/imates v>y f #cej1jjj at ! pres5t "t to ne>ly #djj1jjj z e>ly z #ahij1 ,h5ry ,h4 ,godd>d1 ,ph4 ,d41 ( ! ,v9el&1 ,n4 ,j41 ,tra9+ ,s*ool1 be+ au?ority = ! latt] /atem5t4 ,only #cd1acg ( ^! un=tunates 7 "u in/itutional c>e 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 #aiaf1 ! re/ be+ free to propagate _! k9d--pil+ up public burd5s = future g5]ations4 ,! feeblem9d$ are notori\sly prolific 9 reproduction4 ,! close relation%ip betwe5 pov]ty & ignorance & ! production ( feeblem9d$ is %[n by ,anne ,moore1 ,ph4,d41 9 a report to ! ,public ,education ,association ( ,new ,york 9 #aiaa4 ,%e f\nd t an ov]:elm+ proportion ( ! classifi$ feeblem9d$ *ildr5 9 ,new ,york s*ools came f l>ge families liv+ 9 ov]cr[d$ slum conditions1 & t only a small p]c5tage 7 born ( native p>5ts4 ,sixty ?\s& pro/itutes g & come anew ea* ye> 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,?is army ( un=tunates1 z social work]s & sci5ti/s te/ify1 come f families liv+ "u l conditions ( want4 ,9 ! ,new ,york ,city s*ools alone 9 ,decemb]1 #aiaf1 #fa p] c5t ( ! *ildr5 7 suff]+ f und]n\ri%m5t & #ba p] c5t 9 imm$iate dang] ( x4 ,^! facts1 also ! result ( ! conditions outl9$1 7 discov]$ by ! city ,bureau ( ,*ild ,hygi5e4 ,ano!r item 9 ! sordid li/ is t ( v5]eal disease4 ,9 8 pamphlet entitl$ ,! ,v5]eal ,diseases1 issu$ 9 #aiah1 ,dr4 ,h]mann ,m4 ,biggs head ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,dep>tm5t ( ,heal? quot$ au?orities :o gave e/imates ( ! am\nt ( syphilis & gonorrhea 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,"o says t #fj p] c5t ( ! m5 contract "o disease or ! o!r at "s "t4 ,ano!r said t #dj p] c5t ( ! population ( ,new ,york ,city _h syphilis1 "o ( ! mo/ t]rible ( all maladies4 ,pov]ty1 delay$ m>riage1 pro/itution--a brief & t]rible *a9 acc\nts = ?is sc\rge4 ,f9ally1 !re is tub]culosis1 br$ by bad h\s+ conditions & contribut$ to 9 frightful measure by poor food & unheal?y surr\nd+s dur+ ! h\rs ( employm5t4 ,dr4 ,fr$]ick ,l4 ,h(fman1 director ( ! ,national ,association = ! ,/udy & ,prev5tion ( ,tub]culosis & =emo/ /ati/ical au?ority ^u tub]culosis 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 says3 ,we "k ( #b1jjj1jjj tub]cul> p]sons 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,does ?is picture horrify ! read]8 ,?is is n ! :ole tru?4 ,a few scatt]$ /ati/ics lack ! p[] to reflect ! brok5 lives ( ov]work$ fa!rs1 ! ceaseless1 increas+ pa9 ( ov]burd5$ mo!rs & ! agony ( *ildhood fight+ its way aga9/ ! h&icaps ( ill heal?1 insuffici5t food1 inadequate tra9+ & /ifl+ toil4 ,c we expect to rem$y ?is situation by dismiss+ ! problem ( ! subm]g$ native elem5ts ) legislative palliatives or treat+ x ) c>eless scorn8 ,d we bett] x by driv+ out ( ! immigrant's he>t ! dream ( lib]ty t br\ght him to our %ores8 ,d we solve ! problem by giv+ him1 in/ead ( an opportunity to develop 8 own culture1 l[ wages1 a home 9 ! slums & ^? pseudo-patriotic prea*m5ts :i* con/itute our ma*9e-made ,am]icanization8 ,e detail ( ?is sordid situation means a problem t mu/ be solv$ be=e we c ev5 cle> ! way = a great] race 9 ,am]ica4 ,nor is !re any hope ( solv+ any ( ^! problems if we cont9ue to attack !m 9 ! usual way4 ,m5 h s5tim5taliz$ ab\t !m & legislat$ ^u !m4 ,!y h d5\nc$ !m & !y h appli$ re=ms4 ,b x has all be5 ridicul\sly1 cruelly futile4 ,?is is ! condition ( ?+s = :i* ^? /& :o dem& m & m *ildr54 ,ea* *ild born "u su* conditions b makes !m worse--ea* *ild 9 its own p]son suff]s ! consequ5ce ( ! int5sifi$ evils4 ,if we are to develop 9 ,am]ica a new race ) a racial s\l1 we mu/ keep ! bir? rate )9 ! scope ( our ability to und]/& z well z to educate4 ,we mu/ n enc\rage reproduction beyond our capacity to assimilate our numb]s s z to make ! com+ g5]ation into su* physically fit1 m5tally capable1 socially al]t individuals z are ! ideal ( a democracy4 ,! intellig5ce ( a p is ( sl[ evolutional developm5t--x lags f> beh9d ! reproductive ability4 ,x is f> too sl[ to cope ) conditions creat$ by an increas+ population1 unless t increase is c>efully regulat$4 ,we mu/1 !re=e1 n p]mit an increase 9 population t we are n prep>$ to c>e = to ! be/ advantage--t we are n prep>$ to d ju/ice to1 educationally & economically4 ,we mu/ popul>ize bir? control ?9k+4 ,we mu/ n leave x haphaz>dly to be ! privilege ( ! already privileg$4 ,we mu/ put ?is means ( fre$om & gr[? into ! h&s ( ! masses4 ,we mu/ set mo!rhood free4 ,we mu/ give ! =eign & subm]g$ "m k t w enable h] to prev5t br++ to bir? *ildr5 %e does n want4 ,we "k t 9 ea* ( ^! subm]g$ & semisubm]g$ elem5ts ( ! population !re are ri* factors ( racial culture4 ,mo!rhood is ! *annel ?r\gh :i* ^! cultures fl[4 ,mo!rhood1 :5 free to *oose ! fa!r1 free to *oose ! "t & ! numb] ( *ildr5 :o %all result f ! union1 automatically works 9 wondr\s ways4 ,x refuses to br+ =? weakl+s2 refuses to br+ =? slaves2 refuses to be> *ildr5 :o mu/ live "u ! conditions describ$4 ,x )holds ! unfit1 br+s =? ! fit2 br+s few *ildr5 into homes :]e !re is n suffici5t to provide = !m4 ,in/9ctively x avoids all ^? ?+s :i* multiply racial h&icaps4 ,"u su* circum/ances we c hope t ! melt+ pot w ref9e4 ,we %all see t x w save ! preci\s metals ( racial culture1 fus$ into an amalgam ( physical p]fection1 m5tal /r5g? & spiritual progress4 ,su* an ,am]ican race1 conta9+ ! be/ ( all racial elem5ts1 c\ld give to ! _w a vision & a lead]%ip beyond our pres5t imag9ation4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,two ,,classes ,,( ,,wom5 ,?us f> we h be5 discuss+ ma9ly "o class 9 ,am]ica--! work]s4 ,mo/ wom5 :o belong to ! work]s' families h no accurate or reliable k ( contraceptives1 & are1 !re=e1 br++ *ildr5 into ! _w s rapidly t !y1 _! families & _! class are ov]:elm$ ) numb]s4 ,out ( ^! numb]s1 z has be5 %[n1 h gr[n _m ( ! burd5s ) :i* society 9 g5]al is weight$2 out ( !m h come1 also1 ! want1 disease1 h>d liv+ conditions & g5]al mis]y ( ! work]s4 ,! wom5 ( ?is class are ! greate/ suff]]s ( all4 ,n only d !y be> ! mat]ial h>d%ips & deprivations 9 common ) ! re/ ( ! family1 b 9 ! case ( ! "m1 ^! are int5sifi$4 ,x is ! man & ! *ild :o h fir/ call ^u ! insuffici5t am\nt ( food4 ,x is ! man & ! *ild :o get ! recreation1 if !re is any to be _h1 = ! man's h\rs ( labor are usually limit$ by law or by 8 labor union4 ,x is ! woman :o suff]s fir/ f hung]1 ! woman ^: clo?+ is lea/ adequate1 ! woman :o mu/ "w all h\rs1 ev5 ?\gh %e is n compell$1 z 9 ! case ( millions1 to g into a factory to add to h] husb&'s scanty income4 ,x is %e1 too1 ^: heal? breaks fir/ & mo/ hopelessly1 "u ! long h\rs ( "w1 ! dra9 ( frequ5t *ildbe>+1 & (t5 almo/ con/ant nurs+ ( babies4 ,!re are no eight-h\r laws to protect ! "m aga9/ ov]work & toil 9 ! home2 no laws to protect h] aga9/ ill heal? & ! diseases ( pregnancy & reproduction4 ,9 fact !re has be5 almo/ no ?\ght or consid]ation giv5 = ! protection ( ! "m 9 ! home ( ! work+man4 ,!re are no g5]al heal? /ati/ics to tell ! full /ory ( ! physical ills suff]$ by wom5 z a result ( too great reproductivity4 ,b we get "s light ^u conditions ?r\gh ! /ati/ics on mat]nal mortality1 compil$ by ,dr4 ,grace ,l4 ,meigs1 = ! ,*ildr5's ,bureau ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,dep>tm5t ( ,labor4 ,^! figures d n include ! dea?s ( wom5 suff]+ f diseases complicat$ by pregnancy4 ,9 #aiac1 9 ?is c\ntry at lea/ #ae1jjj wom51 x is e/imat$1 di$ f conditions caus$ by *ildbir?2 ab\t #g1jjj ( ^! di$ f *ildb$ fev] & ! rema9+ #h1jjj f diseases n[ kn[n to be to a great ext5t prev5table or curable1 says ,dr4 ,meigs 9 h] summ>y1 ,physicians & /ati/icians agree t ^! figures are a great und]e/imate4 ,?9k ( x--! ne$less dea?s ( #ae1jjj wom5 a great und]e/imate6 ,yet ev5 ?is numb] means t virtually e h\r ( ! day & night two wom5 die z ! result ( *ildbir? 9 ! heal?ie/ & suppos$ly ! mo/ progressive c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,x is app>5t t ,dr4 ,meigs leaves out ( consid]ation ! _m ?\s&s ( dea?s ea* ye> ( wom5 :o become pregnant :ile suff]+ f tub]culosis4 ,dr4 ,s4 ,adolphus ,knopf1 address+ ! =ty-f\r? annual conv5tion ( ! ,am]ican ,public ,heal? ,association1 9 ,c9c9nati 9 #aiaf1 call$ att5tion to ! fact t "s au?ors hold t #fe p] c5t ( ! wom5 afflict$ ) tub]culosis1 ev5 :5 afflict$ only 9 ! relatively e>ly & curable /ages1 die z ! result ( pregnancy :i* c\ld h be5 avoid$ & _! lives sav$ _h !y b kn[n "s means ( prev5tion4 ,nor 7 syphilis1 v>i\s kidney & he>t disord]s & o!r diseases1 (t5 r5d]$ fatal by pregnancy1 tak5 into acc\nt by ,dr4 ,meigs' survey4 ,/ill1 leav+ out all ! hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( wom5 :o die because pregnancy has complicat$ s]i\s diseases1 ,dr4 ,meigs f9ds t 9 #aiac1 ! dea? rate p] #ajj1jjj ( ! population f all conditions caus$ by *ildbir? 0 little l[] ?an t f typhoid fev]4 ,?is rate w\ld be almo/ quadrupl$ if only ! gr\p ( ! population :i* c be affect$1 wom5 ( *ild-be>+ ages1 7 consid]$4 ,9 #aiac1 *ildbir? caus$ m dea?s among wom5 #ae to #dd ye>s old ?an any disease except tub]culosis4 ,f :at sort ( homes come ^! dea?s f *ildbir?8 ,mo/ ( !m occur 9 ov]cr[d$ dwell+s1 :]e food1 c>e1 sanitation1 nurs+ & m$ical att5tion are inadequate4 ,:]e d we f9d mo/ ( ! tub]culosis & mu* ( ! o!r disease :i* is aggravat$ by pregnancy8 ,9 ! same sort ( home4 ,! deadly *a9 ( mis]y is all too pla9 to anyone :o takes ! tr\ble to obs]ve x4 ,a woman ( ! work+ class m>ries & ) h] husb& lives 9 a degree ( com=t ^u 8 e>n+s4 ,h] h\sehold duties are n beyond h] /r5g?4 ,!n ! *ildr5 beg9 to come--"o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 possibly five or m4 ,! e>n+s ( ! husb& d n increase z rapidly z ! family does4 ,food1 clo?+ & g5]al com=t 9 ! home gr[ less z ! numb]s ( ! family increase4 ,! woman's "w gr[s heavi]1 & h] /r5g? is less ) ea* *ild4 ,possibly--probably--%e has to g into a factory to add to h] husb&'s e>n+s4 ,!re %e toils1 do+ h] h\sework at night4 ,h] heal? goes1 & ! cr[d$ conditions & lack ( necessities 9 ! home help to br+ ab\t disease--especially tub]culosis4 ,"u ! circum/ances1 ! woman's *ances ( recov]+ f ea* succe$+ *ildbir? gr[ less4 ,less too are ! *ances ( ! *ild's surviv+1 z %[n by tables 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,unwant$ *ildr51 pov]ty1 ill heal?1 mis]y1 dea?--^! are ! l9ks 9 ! *a91 & !y are common to mo/ ( ! families 9 ! class describ$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]4 ,nor is ! full /ory ( ! woman's suff]+s yet told4 ,griev\s z is h] mat]ial condition1 h] spiritual deprivations are /ill great]4 ,by ! v fact ( its exi/5ce1 "m love dem&s its expression t[>d ! *ild4 ,by t same fact1 x becomes a necess>y factor 9 ! *ild's developm5t4 ,! "m ( too _m *ildr51 9 a cr[d$ home :]e want1 ill heal? & antagonism are p]petually creat$1 is depriv$ ( ?is simple/ p]sonal expression4 ,%e c give no?+ to h] *ild ( h]self1 ( h] p]sonality4 ,tra9+ is impossible & sympa!tic guidance equally s4 ,in/ead1 su* a "m is tir$1 n]v\s1 irritat$ & ill-temp]$2 a det]m5t1 (t51 in/ead ( a help to h] *ildr54 ,mo!rhood becomes a disa/] & *ildhood a trag$y4 ,x goes )\t say+ t ?is woman loses also all opportunity ( p]sonal expression outside h] home4 ,%e has nei!r a *ance to develop social qualities nor to indulge 9 social pleasures4 ,! fem99e elem5t 9 h]--t _s :i* blossoms =? n[ & !n 9 wom5 free f su* burd5s--_c ass]t itself4 ,%e c contribute no?+ to ! wellbe+ ( ! community4 ,%e is a bre$+ ma*9e & a drudge--%e is n an asset b a liability to h] neighborhood1 to h] class1 to society4 ,%e c be no?+ z long z %e is d5i$ means ( limit+ h] family4 ,9 %>p contra/ ) ^! wom5 :o ignorantly br+ =? l>ge families & :o !reby enslave !mselves1 we f9d a few wom5 :o h "o1 two or ?ree *ildr5 or no *ildr5 at all4 ,^! wom51 ) ! exception ( ! *ildless ones1 live full-r\nd$ lives4 ,!y are f\nd n only 9 ! ranks ( ! ri* & ! well-to-d1 b 9 ! ranks ( labor z well4 ,!y h b "o po9t ( basic diff]5ce f _! enslav$ si/]s--!y are n burd5$ ) ! re>+ ( l>ge families4 ,we h no ne$ to call ^u ! hi/orian1 ! sociologi/ nor ! /ati/ician = our k ( ?is situation4 ,we meet x e day 9 ! ord9>y r\t9e ( our lives4 ,! wom5 :o are ! great tea*]s1 ! great writ]s1 ! arti/s1 musicians1 physicians1 ! lead]s ( public movem5ts1 ! great suffragi/s1 re=m]s1 labor lead]s & revolution>ies are ^? :o are n compell$ to give lavi%ly ( _! physical & spiritual /r5g? 9 be>+ & re>+ l>ge families4 ,! situation is too famili> = discussion4 ,:]e a woman ) a l>ge family is contribut+ directly to ! progress ( h] times or ! bett]m5t ( social conditions1 x is usually because %e has suffici5t weal? to employ tra9$ nurses1 gov]nesses1 & o!rs :o p]=m ! duties necess>y to *ild re>+4 ,%e is a r>ity & is univ]sally recogniz$ z su*4 ,! wom5 ) small families1 h[ev]1 are free to make _! *oice ( ^? social pleasures :i* are ! "r ( e human be+ & necess>y to ea* "o's full developm5t4 ,!y c be & are1 ea* accord+ to h] individual capacity1 comrades & companions to _! husb&s--a privilege d5i$ to ! "m ( _m *ildr54 ,!irs is ! opportunity to keep abrea/ ( ! times1 to make & cultivate a v>i$ circle ( fri5ds1 to seek amusem5ts z suits _! ta/e & means1 to "k ! mean+ ( real recreation4 ,all ^! ?+s rema9 unrealiz$ desires to ! prolific "m4 ,wom5 :o h a k ( contraceptives are n compell$ to make ! *oice betwe5 a mat]nal exp]i5ce & a m>r$ love life2 !y are n =c$ to balance mo!rhood aga9/ social & spiritual activities4 ,mo!rhood is = !m to *oose1 z x %\ld be = e woman to *oose4 ,*oos+ to become mo!rs1 !y d n !reby %ut !mselves away f ?or\gh companion%ip ) _! husb&s1 f fri5ds1 f culture1 f all ^? manifold exp]i5ces :i* are necess>y to ! complet5ess & ! joy ( life4 ,fit mo!rs ( ! race are ^!1 ! c\rt$ comrades ( ! m5 !y *oose1 r ?an ! slaves ( slaves4 ,= !irs is ! magic p[]--! p[] ( limit+ _! families to su* numb]s z w p]mit !m to live full-r\nd$ lives4 ,su* lives are ! expression ( ! fem99e _s :i* is woman & all ( h]--n m]ely art1 nor pr(essional skill1 nor intellect--b all t woman is1 or may a*ieve4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,! ,,wick$ness ,,( ,,creat+ ,,l>ge ,,families ,! mo/ s]i\s evil ( our times is t ( enc\rag+ ! br++ into ! _w ( l>ge families4 ,! mo/ immoral practice ( ! day is bre$+ too _m *ildr54 ,^! /atem5ts may />tle ^? :o h nev] made a ?or\gh inve/igation ( ! problem4 ,!y are1 nev]!less1 well consid]$1 & ! tru? ( !m is abundantly borne out by an exam9ation ( facts & conditions :i* are "p ( ev]yday exp]i5ce or obs]vation4 ,! immorality ( l>ge families lies n only 9 _! injury to ! memb]s ( ^? families b 9 _! injury to society4 ,if "o 7 ask$ (fh& to "n ! greate/ evil ( ! day "o might1 9 ! light ( "o's education by ! newspap]s1 or by agitators1 make any "o ( a numb] ( replies4 ,"o might say pro/itution1 ! oppression ( labor1 *ild labor1 or w>4 ,yet ! pov]ty & neglect :i* drives a girl into pro/itution usually has its s\rce 9 a family too l>ge to be prop]ly c>$ = by ! "m1 if ! girl is n actually subnormal because h] "m bore too _m *ildr51 &1 !re=e1 ! m likely to become a pro/itute4 ,labor is oppress$ because x is too pl5tiful2 wages g up & conditions improve :5 labor is sc>ce4 ,l>ge families make pl5tiful labor & !y also provide ! work]s = ! *ild-labor factories z well z ! armies ( unemploy$4 ,t population1 swell$ by ov]bre$+1 is a basic cause ( w>1 we %all see 9 a lat] *apt]4 ,)\t ! l>ge family1 n "o ( ^! evils c\ld exi/ to any consid]able ext5t1 mu* less to ! ext5t t !y exi/ to-day4 ,! l>ge family--especially ! family too l>ge to receive adequate c>e--is ! "o ?+ necess>y to ! p]petuation ( ^! & o!r evils & is !re=e a great] evil ?an any "o ( !m4 ,fir/ ( ! manifold immoralities involv$ 9 ! produc+ ( a l>ge family is ! outrage ^u ! womanhood ( ! "m4 ,if no "m bore *ildr5 aga9/ h] w or aga9/ h] fem99e in/9ct1 !re w\ld be few l>ge families4 ,! av]age "m ( a baby e ye> or two has be5 =c$ into unwill+ mo!rhood1 s f> z ! lat] arrivals are conc]n$4 ,x is n ! less immoral :5 ! p[] :i* compels enslavem5t is ! *ur*1 /ate or ! propag&a ( well-mean+ patriots clamor+ aga9/ race suicide4 ,! wrong is z great z if ! enslav+ =ce 7 ! unbridl$ passions ( h] husb&4 ,! wrong to ! unwill+ "m1 depriv$ ( h] lib]ty1 & all opportunity ( self-developm5t1 is 9 itself en\gh to condemn l>ge families z immoral4 ,! outrage ^u ! woman does n end !re1 h[ev]4 ,excessive *ildbe>+ is n[ recogniz$ by ! m$ical pr(ession z "o ( ! mo/ prolific causes ( ill heal? 9 wom54 ,!re are 9 ,am]ica hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( wom51 9 good heal? :5 !y m>ri$1 :o h )9 a few ye>s become physical wrecks1 incapable ( mo!r+ _! *ildr51 incapable ( enjoy+ life4 ,e physician1 writes ,dr4 ,wm4 ,j4 ,rob9son 9 ,bir? ,control or ,! ,limitation ( ,(fspr+1 kn[s t too frequ5t *ildbir?1 nurs+ & ! sleepless nights t are requir$ 9 br++ up a *ild exhau/ ! vitality ( ?\s&s ( mo!rs1 make !m prematurely old1 or turn !m into *ronic invalids4 ,! effect ( ! l>ge family ^u ! fa!r is only less disa/r\s ?an x is ^u ! "m4 ,! spectacle ( ! "y man1 happy 9 heal?1 /r5g? & ! prospect ( a joyful love life1 makes u smile 9 sympa?y4 ,b ?is same "y man t5 ye>s lat] is likely to pres5t a spectacle z sorry z x is famili>4 ,if he f9ds t ! *ildr5 come "o aft] ano!r at %ort int]vals--s fa/ inde$ t no matt] h[ h>d he works1 nor h[ _m h\rs1 he _c keep pace ) _! ne$s--! lov] :om all ! _w loves w h be5 conv]t$ into a di%e>t5$1 ?readb>e incompet5t1 :om all ! _w pities or despises4 ,in/ead ( be+ ! happy1 compet5t fa!r1 support+ "o or two *ildr5 z !y %\ld be support$1 he is ! frantic /ruggl] aga9/ ! burd5 ( five or six1 ) ! tragic prospect ( sev]al m4 ,! ranks ( ! physically weak5$1 m5tally deject$ & spiritually hopeless "y fa!rs ( l>ge families atte/ all too /rongly ! immorality ( ! sy/em4 ,if its effects ^u ! "m & ! wage-e>n+ fa!r 7 n en\gh to condemn ! l>ge family z an in/itution1 its effects ^u ! *ild w\ld make ! case aga9/ x conclusive4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 "s #cjj1jjj *ildr5 "u "o ye> ( age die ea* twelve mon?s4 ,approximately n9ety p] c5t ( ^! dea?s are directly or indirectly due to malnutrition1 to o!r diseas$ conditions result+ f pov]ty1 or to excessive *ildbe>+ by ! "m4 ,! direct relation%ip betwe5 ! size ( ! wage-e>n]'s family & ! dea? ( *ildr5 less ?an "o ye> old has be5 reveal$ by a numb] ( /udies ( ! infant dea? rate4 ,"o ( ! cle>e/ ( ^! 0 t made by ,ar?ur ,geissl] among m9]s & cit$ by ,dr4 ,alfr$ ,ploetz be=e ! ,fir/ ,int]national ,eug5ic ,congress4 ,footnote3 ,problems 9 ,eug5ics1 ,london1 #aiac4 ,tak+ #bf1jjj bir?s f unselect$ m>riages1 & omitt+ families hav+ "o & two *ildr51 ,geissl] got ?is result3 ,dea?s ,dur+ ,fir/ ,ye>4 #a/ born *ildr5 #bc #bnd #bj #crd #ba #d? #bc #e? #bf #f? #bi #g? #ca #h? #cc #i? #cf #aj? #da #aa? #ea #ab? #fj ,?us we see t ! second & ?ird *ildr5 h a v good *ance to live ?r\gh ! fir/ ye>4 ,*ildr5 arriv+ lat] h less & less *ance1 until ! twelf? has h>dly any *ance at all to live twelve mon?s4 ,?is does n complete ! case1 h[ev]1 = ^? :o c>e to g f>!r into ! subject w f9d t _m ( ^? :o live = a ye> die be=e !y rea* ! age ( five4 ,_m1 p]haps1 w ?9k x idle to g f>!r 9 demon/rat+ ! immorality ( l>ge families1 b s9ce !re is /ill an abundance ( pro( at h&1 x may be (f]$ = ! sake ( ^? :o f9d difficulty 9 adju/+ old-fa%ion$ ideas to ! facts4 ,! mo/ m]ciful ?+ t ! l>ge family does to "o ( its infant memb]s is to kill x4 ,! same factors :i* create ! t]rible infant mortality rate1 & :i* swell ! dea? rate ( *ildr5 betwe5 ! ages ( "o & five1 op]ate ev5 m ext5sively to l[] ! heal? rate ( ! surviv+ memb]s4 ,moreov]1 ! ov]cr[d$ homes ( l>ge families re>$ 9 pov]ty fur!r contribute to ?is condition4 ,lack ( m$ical att5tion is /ill ano!r factor1 s t ! *ild :o mu/ /ruggle = heal? 9 competition ) o!r memb]s ( a closely pack$ family has /ill great difficulties to meet aft] its poor con/itution & malnutrition h be5 acc\nt$ =4 ,! probability ( a *ild h&icapp$ by a weak con/itution1 an ov]cr[d$ home1 inadequate food & c>e1 & possibly a defici5t m5tal equipm5t1 w9d+ up 9 prison or an alm%\se1 is too evid5t = comm5t4 ,e jail1 hospital = ! insane1 re=matory & in/itution = ! feeblem9d$ cries out aga9/ ! evils ( too prolific bre$+ among wage-work]s4 ,we %all see :5 we come to consid] ! relation ( volunt>y mo!rhood to ! rights ( labor & to ! prev5tion ( w> t ! l>ge family ( ! work] makes possible 8 oppression1 & t x also is ! *ief cause ( su* human holocau/s z ! "o j clos$ aft] ! f\r & a half bloodie/ ye>s 9 hi/ory4 ,no su* ext5d$ consid]ation is necess>y to indicate f :at s\rce ! "y slaves 9 ! *ild-labor factories come4 ,!y come f l>ge impov]i%$ families--f families 9 :i* ! old] *ildr5 mu/ put _! (t5 feeble /r5g? to ! task ( support+ ! y\ng]4 ,! immorality ( br++ l>ge families into ! _w is recogniz$ by ^? :o are combatt+ ! *ild-labor evil4 ,m>y ,ald5 ,hopk9s1 writ+ 9 ,h>p]'s ,weekly 9 #aiae1 quotes ,ow5 ,r4 ,lovejoy1 g5]al secret>y ( ! ,national ,*ild ,labor ,committee1 z foll[s3 ,h[ _m are too _m8 444 ,any m ?an ! "m c look aft] & ! fa!r make a liv+ = 444 ,"u pres5t conditions z soon z !re are too _m *ildr5 = ! fa!r to fe$1 "s ( !m g to "w 9 ! m9e or factory or /ore or mill ne> by4 ,9 do+ ?is1 !y n only injure _! t5d] gr[+ bodies1 b indirectly1 !y drag d[n ! fa!r's wage 444 ,! home becomes a m]e r5dezv\s = ! nightly ga!r+ ( bodies numb ) we>9ess & m9ds drunk ) sleep4 ,& if !y survive ! factory1 !y m>ry to p]petuate & multiply _! ignorance1 weakness & diseases4 ,:at h l>ge families to d ) pro/itution8 ,ask anyone :o has /udi$ ! problem4 ,! size ( ! family has a direct be>+ on ! lives ( ?\s&s ( girls :o are liv+ 9 pro/itution4 ,pov]ty1 lack ( c>e & tra9+ dur+ adolesc5ce1 ov]cr[d$ h\s+ conditions :i* accompany l>ge families are univ]sally recogniz$ causes ( wayw>dness 9 girls4 ,social work]s h cri$ out 9 va9 aga9/ ^! conditions1 po9t+ to _! inevitable results4 ,9 ! =eword to ,d[nw>d ,pa?s1 ,a4 ,maude ,royd5 says3 ,intimately connect$ ) ?is aspect ( ! "q is t ( home & h\s+1 especially ( ! *ild4 ,! age at :i* *ildr5 are fir/ corrupt$ is almo/ incr$ibly e>ly1 until we consid] ! nature ( ! surr\nd+s 9 :i* !y gr[ up4 ,insuffici5t space1 ov]-cr[d+1 ! h]d+ toge!r ( all ages & bo? sexes--^! ?+s break d[n ! b>ri]s ( a natural mode/y & res]ve4 ,:]e dec5cy is practically impossible1 un*a/ity w foll[1 & foll[ almo/ z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,& ! *ild :o has no place to play except 9 ! /reet1 :o lacks "m c>e1 ^: *ief emotional exp]i5ce is ! long+ = ! necessities ( life8 ,we "k too well ! end ( ! sorry tale4 ,! =lorn figures ( ! %ad[s :]e lurk ! girls :o sell !mselves t !y may eat & be clo!d rise up to damn ! moral dogmati/s1 :o m\? _! sick5+ exhortations to ! wives & mo!rs ( ! work]s to bre$1 bre$1 bre$4 ,! evid5ce is conclusive z reg>ds ! l>ge family ( ! wage-work]4 ,social work]s1 physicians & re=m]s cry out to /op ! bre$+ ( ^!1 :o mu/ exi/ 9 want until !y become p]man5t memb]s ( ! ranks ( ! unfit4 ,b :at ( ! family ( ! weal?y or ! m]ely well-to-d8 ,x is among ^! classes t we f9d ! wom5 :o h atta9$ to volunt>y mo!rhood4 ,x is to ^! classes1 too1 t ! race suicide al>mi/s h f "t to "t address$ specially emphasiz$ pleas = m *ildr54 ,! advocates ( m prolific bre$+ urge t ^! same wom5 h m intellig5ce1 bett] heal?1 m "t to c>e = *ildr5 & m means to support !m4 ,!y !re=e decl>e t x is ! duty ( su* wom5 to populate ! l& ) /rong1 heal?y1 intellig5t (fspr+--to be> *ildr5 9 great numb]s4 ,x is high "t to expose ! %e] fooli%ness ( ?is argum5t4 ,! fir/ absurdity is t ! wom5 :o are 9 com=table circum/ances c\ld cont9ue to be cultur$ & ( social value if !y 7 ! mo!rs ( l>ge families4 ,nei!r c\ld !y ma9ta9 _! pres5t /&>d ( heal? nor imp>t x to _! *ildr54 ,:ile x is true t !y h res\rces at _! comm& :i* ease ! burd5 ( *ild-be>+ & *ild re>+ immeasurably1 x is also true t ! weal?y "m1 z well z ! pov]ty-/rick5 "m1 mu/ give f h] own sy/em c]ta9 elem5ts :i* x takes "t to replace4 ,excessive *ildbe>+ is h>d] on ! woman :o lacks c>e ?an on ! "o :o does n1 b bo? alike mu/ give _! bodies "t to recov] f ! /ra9 ( *ildbe>+4 ,if ! wom5 9 =tunate circum/ances gave e> to ! dem& ( mascul9e race-suicide,a fanatics !y c\ld )9 a few ye>s be d[n to ! condition ( _! si/]s :o lack "t to cultivate _! tal5ts & intellects4 ,a vigor\s1 intellig5t1 fruitfully cultur$ mo!rhood is all b impossible if no re/riction is plac$ by t mo!rhood ^u ! numb] ( *ildr54 ,footnote ,a3 ,int]e/+ & p]haps surpris+ light is ?r[n ^u ! orig9 ( ! t]m race suicide by ! foll[+ quotation f an article by ,h>old ,bolce 9 ! ,cosmopolitan 7,new ,york7 = ,may1 #aiji3 ',! sole effect ( prolificacy is to fill ! cemet]ies ) t9y graves1 sacrifices ( ! innoc5ts to ! ,molo* ( immod]ate mat]nity4' ,?us insi/s ,edw>d ,a4 ,ross1 ,pr(essor ( ,sociology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons92 & he prote/s aga9/ ! 'dw>f+ ( wom5 & ! *eap5+ ( m5' z reg>ds ! re/riction ( ! bir? rate z a 'movem5t at bottom salut>y1 & its evils m9or1 transi5t & curable4' ,?is is virile gospel1 & p>ticul>ly significant com+ f ! tea*] :o inv5t$ ! t]m 'race suicide1' :i* _m h errone\sly attribut$ to ,mr4 ,roosevelt4 ,wage-work]s & sal>i$ p h a vital int]e/ 9 ! size ( ! families ( ^? bett] situat$ 9 life4 ,l>ge families among ! ri* are immoral n only because !y invade ! natural "r ( woman to ! control ( h] own body1 to self-developm5t & to self-expression1 b because !y are oppressive to ! poor] elem5ts ( society4 ,if ! upp] & middle classes ( society _h kept pace ) ! poor] elem5ts ( society 9 reproduction dur+ ! pa/ fifty ye>s1 ! work+ class to-day w\ld be =c$ d[n to ! level ( ! ,*9ese ^: wage /&>d is said to be a few h&fuls ( rice a day4 ,if ^! consid]ations are n en\gh to halt ! mascul9e advocate ( l>ge families :o rem9ds u ( ! days ( our mo!rs & gr&mo!rs1 let x be rememb]$ t be>+ & re>+ six or eight *ildr5 to-day is a f> diff]5t matt] f :at x 0 9 ! g5]ations j prec$+4 ,physically & n]v\sly1 ! woman ( to-day is n fitt$ to be> *ildr5 z frequ5tly z 0 h] "m & h] "m's "m4 ,! high t5sion ( mod]n life & ! complicat+ ( woman's ev]yday exi/5ce h d\btless contribut$ to ?is result4 ,& :o ( u c say1 until a c>eful sci5tific inve/igation is made1 h[ mu* ! rapid developm5t ( tub]culosis & o!r grave diseases1 ev5 among ! well-nurtur$1 may be due to ! depletion ( ! physical capital ( ! unborn by ! too prolific *ildbe>+ ( prec$+ g5]ations ( mo!rs8 ,! immorality ( br++ into be+ a l>ge family is a wrong-do+ %>$ by ?ree--! "m1 ! fa!r & society4 ,^u all ?ree falls ! burd5 ( guilt4 ,x may be said = ! "m & fa!r t !y are usually ignorant4 ,:at %all be said ( society8 ,:at %all be said ( u :o p]mit outworn laws & cu/oms to p]si/ 9 pil+ up ! appall+ sum ( public exp5se1 mis]y & spiritual degradation8 ,! indictm5t aga9/ ! l>ge unwant$ family is writt5 9 human woe4 ,:o 9 ! light ( intellig5t und]/&+ %all h ! braz5ness to /& up & def5d x8 ,"o ?+ we "k--! woman :o has escap$ ! *a9s ( too great reproductivity w nev] aga9 we> !m4 ,! bir? rate ( ! weal?y & upp] classes w nev] appreciably rise4 ,! woman ( ^! classes is free ( h] mo/ oppressive bonds4 ,be+ free1 we h a "r to expect mu* ( h]4 ,we expect h] to give /ill great] expression to h] fem99e _s--we expect h] to enri* ! intellectual1 arti/ic1 moral & spiritual life ( ! _w4 ,we expect h] to demoli% old sy/ems ( morals1 a deg5]ate prud]y1 ,d>k-,age religi\s concepts1 laws t enslave wom5 by d5y+ !m ! k ( _! bodies1 & in=mation z to contraceptives4 ,^! mu/ g to ! scrapheap ( vici\s1 ca/-(f ?+s4 ,h]s is ! p[] to s5d !m !re4 ,%all we look to h] to /rike ! fir/ bl[ :i* %all wr5* h] si/]s f ! grip ( ! dead h& ( ! pa/8 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,cries ,,( ,,despair ,,& ,,society',s ,,problems ,be=e we pass to a fur!r consid]ation ( our subject1 %all we n pause to take a /ill clos] look at ! human mis]y wr\ght by ! enslavem5t ( wom5 ?r\gh unwill+ mo!rhood8 ,w\ld y "k ! appall+ sum ( ?is mis]y bett] ?an any au?or1 any sci5ti/1 any physician1 any social work] c tell y8 ,he> ! /ory f ! lips ( ! wom5 !mselves4 ,le>n at fir/ h& :at x means to make a brok5 drudge ( a woman :o might h be5 ! happy "m ( a few /rong *ildr54 ,le>n f ! words ( ! victims ( involunt>y mo!rhood :at x means to !m1 to _! *ildr5 & to society to =ce ! physically unfit or ! unwill+ to be> *ildr54 ,:5 y h le>n$1 /op to ask y\rself :at is ! wor? ( ! law1 ! moral code1 ! tradition1 ! religion1 t = ! sake ( an outworn dogma ( submission w\ld wreck ! lives ( ^! wom51 condemn _! prog5y to pa91 want1 disease & helplessness4 ,ask y\rself if ^! lett]s1 ^! cries ( despair1 born ( ! angui% ( woman's sex slav]y are n 9 !mselves en\gh to /op ! m\?s ( ! demagogues1 ! imp]iali/s & ! ecclesia/ics :o clamor = m & yet m *ildr58 ,& if ! pa9 ( o!rs has no p[] to move y\r he>t & /ir y\r h&s & bra9 to action1 ask y\rself ! m selfi% "q3 ,c ! *ildr5 ( ^! un=tunate mo!rs be o!r ?an a burd5 to society--a burd5 :i* reflects itself 9 innum]able phases ( co/1 crime & g5]al social detrim5t8 ,= our own sakes--= our *ildr5's sakes-- plead ! mo!rs1 help u6 ,let u be wom51 r ?an bre$+ ma*9es4 ,! wom5 :o ?us cry out are plead+ n only = !mselves & _! *ildr51 b = society itself4 ,_! plea is = u & ours--x is ! plea = happi] conditions1 = high] ideals1 = a /rong]1 m vigor\s1 m highly develop$ race4 ,! lett]s 9 ?is *apt] are ! voices ( humble prophets cry+ out to u /op our national habit ( human wa/e4 ,!y are w>n+s aga9/ disa/] :i* we n[ %>e & mu/ cont9ue to %>e z x gr[s worse1 unless we he$ ! w>n+ & put our national h\se 9 ord]4 ,ea* & e unwant$ *ild is likely to be 9 "s way a social liability4 ,x is only ! want$ *ild :o is likely to be a social asset4 ,if we h fai? 9 ?is intuitive dem& ( ! un=tunate mo!rs1 if we und]/& bo? its dire & its hopeful significance1 we %all dispose ( ^? social problems :i* s insi/5tly & m5ac+ly confront u today4 ,= ! in/9ct ( mat]nity to protect its own fruits1 ! in/9ct ( womanhood to be free to give some?+ besides surplus ( *ildr5 to ! _w1 _c g a/ray4 ,! ris+ g5]ation is always ! mat]ial ( progress1 & mo!rhood is ! ag5cy = ! improvem5t & ! /r5g!n+ & guid+ ( t g5]ation4 ,! exc]pts conta9$ 9 ?is *apt] are typical ( ! lett]s :i* come to me by ! ?\s&s4 ,!y tell _! own /ory1 simply--sometimes ungrammatically & illit]ately1 b nev]!less irresi/ibly4 ,x is ! /ory ( sl[ murd] ( ! helpless by a society t %ields itself beh9d anci5t1 inhuman moral cre$s--:i* d>es to weigh ^? dead cre$s aga9/ ! agony ( ! liv+ :o pray = ! m]cy ( dea?4 ,c a "m :o w\ld r die ?an be> m *ildr5 s]ve society by be>+ /ill o!rs8 ,c *ildr5 c>ri$ ?r\gh n9e mon?s ( dread & unspeakable m5tal angui% & born into an atmosph]e ( fe> & ang]1 to gr[ up un$ucat$ & 9 want1 be a b5efit to ! _w8 ,"h is :at ! "m says3 ,i h read 9 ! pap] ab\t y & am v int]e/$ 9 ,bir? ,control ,i am a "m ( f\r liv+ *ildr5 & "o dead ! olde/ #aj & baby #bb mon?s old4 ,i am v n]v\s & sickly aft] my *ildr54 ,i w\ld l y to advise me :at to d to prev5t f hav+ any m z ,i w\ld r die ?an h ano!r4 ,i am keep+ away f my husb& z mu* z ,i c1 b x causes qu>rels & almo/ sep>ation4 ,all my babies h _h m>asmus 9 ! fir/ ye> ( _! lives & ,i almo/ lo/ my baby la/ summ]4 ,i always worry ab\t my *ildr5 s mu*4 ,my husb& works 9 a brass f\ndry x is n a v good job & liv+ is s high t we h to live z *eap z possible4 ,i've only got #b rooms & kit*5 & ,i d all my "w & sew+ :i* is v h>d = me4 ,%all ?is woman cont9ue to be =c$ into a life ( unnatural cont95ce :i* fur!r aggravates h] ill heal? & produces con/ant discord8 ,%all %e g on hav+ *ildr5 :o come into be+ ) a h]itage ( ill heal? & pov]ty1 & :o are b\nd to become public burd5s8 ,or w\ld x be ! bett] policy to let mo!rhood foll[ its in/9ct to save itself1 its (fspr+ & society f ^! ills8 ,or %all wom5 be =c$ into abortion1 z is te/ifi$ by ! "m ^: daught]s are mo!rs1 & :o1 9 ! hope ( sav+ !m f bo? slav]y & ! de/ruction ( _! unborn *ildr51 wrote ! lett] :i* foll[s3 ,i h born & rais$ #f *ildr5 & ,i "k all ! h>d%ips ( rais+ a l>ge family4 ,i am n[ #ec ye>s old & pa/ hav+ *ildr5 b ,i h #c daught]s t h #b *ildr5 ea* & !y say !y w die be=e !y w h any m & e n[ & aga9 !y g to a doctor & get rid ( "o & "s day ,i ?9k x w kill !m b !y say !y don't c>e = !y w be bett] dead ?an live 9 hell ) a big family & no?+ to raise !m on4 ,x is = !re sakes ,i wi% y to give me t in=mation4 ,:at c\ld ! ?ree wom5 m5tion$ 9 ?is lett] contribute to ! wellbe+ ( ! future ,am]ican race8 ,no?+1 except by do+ exactly :at !y wi% to d--refus+ to be> *ildr5 t !y d n want & _c c>e =4 ,_! in/9ct is s\nd--b :at is to be said ( ! position ( society at l>ge1 :i* =ces wom5 :o are 9 ! grip ( a s\nd in/9ct to seek repeat$ abortions 9 ord] to foll[ t in/9ct8 ,are we n compell+ wom5 to *oose betwe5 inflict+ injury ^u !mselves1 _! *ildr5 & ! community1 & und]go+ an abhorr5t op]ation :i* kills ! t5d]ness & delicacy ( womanhood1 ev5 z x may injure or kill ! body8 ,w ! (fspr+ ( a p>alytic1 :o mu/ p]=ce neglect ! physical c>e & tra9+ ( h] *ildr51 enhance ! common good by _! com+8 ,"h is a lett] f a p>alytic "m1 ^: days & nights are tortur$ by ! ?\ght ( ano!r *ild1 & ^: reason is tott]+ at ! prospect ( leav+ h] *ildr5 )\t h] c>e3 ,i s5t = a copy ( y\r magaz9e & n[ feel ,i mu/ write y to see if y c help me4 ,i 0 a high s*ool girl :o m>ri$ a day labor] sev5 ye>s ago4 ,9 a few mon?s ,i w aga9 be a "m1 ! f\r? *ild 9 less ?an six ye>s4 ,:ile c>ry+ my babies am always p>tly p>alyz$ on "o side4 ,d n "k ! cause b ! doctor said at la/ bir? we mu/ be 'm c>eful1' z ,i c\ld n /& hav+ s _m *ildr54 ,am always v sick = a long "t & h to h *lor(orm4 ,we c af=d help only ab\t #c weeks1 until ,i am on my feet aga91 aft] conf9em5t4 ,i "w z h>d z ,i c b my "w & my *ildr5 are always neglect$4 ,i wond] if my body does survive ?is next bir? if my reason w4 ,x is t]rible to ?9k ( br++ ^! little bodies & s\ls into ! _w )\t means or /r5g? to c>e = !m4 ,& ,i c see no relief unless y give x to me or tell me :]e to get x4 ,i am weak] ea* "t & ,i "k t ?is mu/ be ! la/ "o1 = x w\ld be bett] = me to g1 ?an to br+ m neglect$ babies into ! _w4 ,i c h>dly sleep at night = worry+4 ,is !re an answ] = wom5 l me8 ,9 ano!r *apt]1 we h gott5 a glimpse ( ! m5ace ( ! feeblem9d$4 ,"h is a woman :o is pray+ = help to avoid add+ to ! numb] ( m5tally helpless3 ,my baby is only #aj mon?s old & ! olde/ "o ( f\r is #g1 & m c>e ?an a baby1 has always be5 helpless4 ,we d n own a ro( ov] our heads & ,i am s disc\rag$ ,i want to die if no?+ c be done4 ,c't y help me j ?is "t & !n ,i "k ,i c take c>e ( myself4 ,ignorance on ?is all important subject has put me :]e ,i am4 ,i don't "k h[ to be sure ( br++ myself ar\nd4 ,i beg ( y to help me & any?+ ,i c d to help fur!r y\r wond]ful "w ,i w d4 ,only help me ?is once1 no "o w "k only ,i w be bless$4 ,i n only h a t]rible "t :5 ,i am conf9$ b c>+ = ! olde/ *ild x preys s on my m9d t ,i fe> m defective *ildr54 ,help me please6 ,! (fspr+ ( "o feeblem9d$ man nam$ ,jukes has co/ ! public 9 "o way & ano!r #a1cjj1jjj 9 sev5ty-five ye>s4 ,d we want m su* families8 ,is ?is woman /&+ gu>d = ! g5]al welf>e8 ,_h %e be5 p]mitt$ ! use ( contraceptives be=e %e 0 =c$ to make a va9 plea = abortion1 w\ld %e n h r5d]$ a s]vice to h] fell[ citiz5s1 z well z to h]self8 ,millions are sp5t 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates e ye> to combat tub]culosis4 ,! national wa/e involv$ 9 illness & dea?s f tub]culosis runs up into ! billions4 ,is x !n good bus9ess1 to say no?+ ( ! humane aspects ( ! situation1 to compel ! writ] ( ! foll[+ lett] to g on add+ to ! numb] ( ! tub]cul>8 ,:i* is ! gu>dian ( public welf>e "h--! "m in/9ct :i* wi%es to avoid be>+ tub]cul> *ildr51 or ! /atute :i* =bids h] to "k h[ to avoid add+ to ! c5sus ( :ite plague victims8 ,! lett] reads3 ,k9dly p>don me = writ+ ?is to y1 n kn[+ :at tr\ble ?is may cause y4 ,b ,i've he>d ( y ?r\gh a fri5d & realize y are a fri5d ( humanity4 ,if p w\ld see ) y\r light1 ! _w w\ld be heal?y4 ,i m>ri$ ! fir/ "t :5 ,i 0 eighte5 ye>s old1 a dr9k+ man4 ,i became "m to five *ildr54 ,9 #aijh my husb& di$ ( consumption4 ,i lo/ two ( my olde/ *ildr5 f ! same disease1 "o at #af & ! o!r at #bc4 ,! y\nge/ ( !m all1 a sweet girl ( n9ete51 n[ lies at ---- sanatorium expect+ to leave u at any "t4 ,! o!r si/] & bro!r look v poorly4 ,i h always work$ v h>d1 because ,i _h to4 ,9 #aiac ,i m>ri$ aga91 a good man ?is "t1 b a labor+ man1 & our con/ant fe> & tr\ble is :at may happ5 if we br+ *ildr5 into ! _w4 ,i'm =ty-six ye>s old ?is mon? & n v well any m1 ei!r4 ,s a gods5d w be "s "o :o c tell me h[ to c>e = myself1 s ,i c be free f suff]+ & also n br+ mortals to e>? to suff] & die4 ,n ev5 ! bl9de/ ( all dogmati/s c ignore ! dang] to ! community ( to-day & ! race ( to-morr[ 9 p]mitt+ an insane woman to g on be>+ *ildr54 ,"h is a lett] :i* tells a two-sid$ /ory--h[ "m in/9ct1 ev5 :5 cl\d$ by p]iodic insanity1 seeks to protect itself & society1 & h[ society prev5ts h] f atta9+ t end3 ,!re is a woman 9 ?is t[n :o has six *ildr5 & is expect+ ano!r4 ,directly aft] ! bir? ( a *ild1 %e goes insane1 a rav+ maniac1 & !y s5d h] to ! insane asylum4 ,:ile %e is gone1 h] home & *ildr5 are c>$ = by neighbors4 ,aft] ab\t six mon?s1 !y dis*>ge h] & %e comes home & is 9 a family way aga9 9 a few mon?s4 ,/ill ! doctors w d no?+ = h]4 ,%e is a well-educat$ woman & says if %e w\ld n h any m *ildr51 %e is sure %e c\ld be entirely free f ^! insane spells4 ,if y w s5d me "o ( y\r pamphlets1 ,i w give x to h] & sev]al o!rs equally des]v+4 ,hop+ y w see fit to grant my reque/1 ,i rema91 etc4 ,! v ^w syphilis br+s a %udd] to anyone :o is famili> ) ! horrors ( ! malady4 ,n only 9 ! suff]+ br\ght to ! victim himself & 9 ! dang] ( infect+ o!rs1 b 9 ! dire legacy ( helplessness & disease :i* is left to ! (fspr+ ( ! syphilitic1 is ?is ! mo/ de/ructive socially1 ( all plagues4 ,"h is a lett]1 :i* z a criticism ( our pres5t public policy 9 reg>d to national wa/e & to contraceptives1 defies comm5t3 ,i 0 left )\t a fa!r :5 a girl ( f\rte5 ye>s old4 ,i 0 ! olde/ *ild ( five4 ,my "m _h no means ( support except h] two h&s1 s we work$ at any?+ we c\ld1 my job be+ nurse girl at home :ile "m work$ mo/ ( ! "t1 z %e c\ld e>n m money ?an ,i c\ld1 = %e c\ld d h>d] "w4 ,i wasn't v /rong & f9ally aft] two ye>s my "m got s tir$ & worn out try+ to make a liv+ = s _m1 %e m>ri$ aga91 & z %e m>ri$ a poor man1 we *ildr5 7 n mu* bett] (f4 ,at ! age ( sev5te5 ,i m>ri$ a man1 a brakeman on ! ---- ,railroad1 :o 0 elev5 ye>s old] ?an ,i4 ,he drank "s & 0 a v frail-look+ man1 b ,i 0 v ignorant ( ! _w & did n ?9k ( any?+ b mak+ a home = myself & husb&4 ,aft] elev5 mon?s ,i _h a little girl born to me4 ,i did n want m *ildr51 b my "m-9-law told me x 0 a t]rible s9 to d any?+ to keep f hav+ *ildr5 & t ! ,"l only s5t j :at ,i c\ld take c>e ( & if ,i he>d ( any?+ to d ,i 0 told x 0 injuri\s1 s ,i did n try4 ,9 elev5 mon?s aga91 ,octob] #be1 ,i _h ano!r little puny girl4 ,9 tw5ty-?ree mon?s1 ,sept4 #be?1 ,i _h a sev5-lb4 boy4 ,9 t5 mon?s1 ,july #ae1 ,i _h a sev5-mon?s baby t liv$ five h\rs4 ,9 elev5 mon?s1 ,june #bj1 ,i _h ano!r little girl4 ,9 sev5te5 mon?s1 ,nov4 #cj1 ano!r boy4 ,9 n9e mon?s a f\r mon?s' misc>riage4 ,9 twelve mon?s ano!r girl1 & 9 ?ree & a half ye>s ano!r girl4 ,all ( ^! *ildr5 7 born into pov]ty2 ! fa!r's heal? 0 always poor1 & :5 ! ?ird girl 0 born he 0 dis*>g$ f ! road because ( 8 disability1 yet he 0 /ill able to put *ildr5 into ! _w4 ,:5 ! olde/ *ild 0 twelve ye>s old ! fa!r di$ ( concussion ( ! bra9 :ile ! y\nge/ *ild 0 born two mon?s aft] 8 dea?4 ,n[1 ,mrs4 ,sang]1 ,i did n want ^? *ildr51 because ev5 9 my ignorance ,i _h s5se en\gh to "k t ,i _h no "r to br+ ^? *ildr5 into su* a _w :]e !y c\ld n h dec5t c>e1 = ,i 0 n able to d x myself nor hire x done4 ,i pray$ & ,i pray$ t !y w\ld die :5 !y 7 born4 ,pray+ did no good & to-day ,i h read & /udi$ en\gh to "k t ,i am ! "m ( sev5 liv+ *ildr5 & t ,i committ$ a crime by br++ !m into ! _w1 _! fa!r 0 syphilitic 7,i did n "k ab\t su* ?+s :5 ,i 0 a girl74 ,"o son is to be s5t to ,mexico1 :ile "o ( my girls is a victim ( ! :ite slave traffic4 ,i rais$ my family 9 a little college t[n 9 ---- & am well kn[n !re1 = ,i made my liv+ wa%+ & work+ = ! college p :ile ,i rais$ my little brood4 ,i (t5 wond]$ :y ^? educat$ well-to-d p nev] _h s _m *ildr54 ,i h "o m>ri$ daught] :o is tub]cul>1 & %e also has two little girls1 only a ye> ap>t4 ,i feel s bad ab\t x1 & write to ask y to s5d me in=mation = h]4 ,don't /op y\r good "w2 don't ?9k x's n appreciat$2 = !re are hundr$s ( wom5 l myself :o are n afraid to risk _! lives to help y to get ?is in=mation to poor wom5 :o ne$ x4 ,!re is no ne$ to g on repeat+ ^! cries4 ,^! lett]s h come to me by ! ?\s&s4 ,!re are en\gh ( !m to fill _m volumes--ea* ) its own individual trag$y1 ea* ) its own w>n+ to society4 ,e ill t we are try+ to cure to-day is reflect$ 9 !m4 ,! wife :o ?r\gh an unwill+ cont95ce drives h] husb& to pro/itution2 habitual drunk5ness1 :i* prohibition may or may n h dispos$ ( z a social problem2 mo!rs :o toil 9 mills & ^: *ildr5 mu/ foll[ !m to t toil1 add+ to ! long tra9 ( evils involv$ 9 *ild labor2 mo!rs :o h br\ght eight1 t51 twelve or fifte5 und]n\ri%$1 weakly *ildr5 into ! _w to become public burd5s ( "o sort or ano!r--all ^! & m1 ) ! ev]-pres5t economic problem1 & wom5 :o are rema9+ unm>ri$ because !y fe> a l>ge family :i* mu/ exi/ 9 want2 m5 :o are liv+ abnormal lives = ! same reason4 ,all ! social h&icaps & evils ( ! day are wov5 into ^! lett]s--& out ( ea* ( !m rises ^! *all5g+ facts3 ,fir/1 oppress$ mo!rhood kn[s t ! cure = ^! evils lies 9 bir? control2 second1 society has n yet le>n$ to p]mit mo!rhood to /& gu>d = itself1 its *ildr51 ! common good & ! com+ race4 ,& "o read+ su* lett]s1 & realiz+ _! significance1 is con/ra9$ to wond] h[ long su* a situation c exi/4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,:5 ,,%\ld ,a ,,woman ,,avoid ,,hav+ ,,*ildr58 ,are ov]burd5$ mo!rs ju/ifi$ 9 _! appeals = contraceptives or abortions8 ,:at %all we say to wom5 :o write su* lett]s z ^? publi%$ 9 ! prec$+ *apt]8 ,w anyone1 aft] read+ ^? lett]s1 d>e to say to ^! wom5 t !y %\ld g on br++ helpless *ildr5 into ! _w to %>e _! increas+ mis]y8 ,! wom5 :o ?us cry = aid are ! victims ( ignorance4 ,awak5+ f t ignorance1 !y are dem&+ relief4 ,_h !y be5 p]mitt$ a k ( _! sex functions1 _h !y _h "s guid+ pr9ciple ( mo!rhood1 ^? :o at ?is late day are ask+ = contraceptives w\ld h swept aside all b>ri]s & procur$ !m long ago4 ,^? :o are appeal+ = abortions w\ld nev] h be5 9 su* a situation4 ,to say to ^! wom5 t !y %\ld cont9ue _! helpless bre$+ ( ! helpless is /upid brutality4 ,! facts set =? e>li] 9 ?is book1 & ! cries ( tortur$ mo!rhood :i* e*o ?r\gh ! lett]s j ref]r$ to1 are m ?an ample evid5ce t !re are times :5 x is woman's highe/ duty to refuse to be> *ildr54 ,!re has seem$ to be a great deal ( disagreem5t among ! m$ical au?orities :o h attempt$ to say :5 a woman %\ld n h *ildr54 ,?is disagreem5t has be5 r5d]$ ev5 m confus+ by a babel ( voices f ! ranks ( sociologi/s4 ,)9 ! pa/ few ye>s1 h[ev]1 s mu* light has be5 %$ ^u ! subject t x is n[ comp>atively easy = ! /ud5t to sep>ate ! well-f\nd$ conclusions f ^? :i* are ( d\btful value1 or pla9ly wor?less4 ,! op9ions :i* ,i summ>ize "h are n s mu* my own1 orig9ally1 z ^? ( m$ical au?orities :o h made deep & c>eful inve/igations4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no?+ set =? "h :i* ,i h n 9 my own /udies te/$ & prov$ correct4 ,9 addition to c>ry+ ! weight ( ! be/ m$ical au?ority1 a fact easily confirm$ by ! fir/ speciali/ y meet1 !y are fur!r re9=c$ by ! f9d+s ( ! f$]al ,*ildr5's ,bureau1 & o!r organizations :i* h exam9$ infant mortality & compil$ rates4 ,to ! woman :o wi%es to h *ildr51 we mu/ give ^! answ]s to ! "q :5 n to h !m4 ,*ildbe>+ %\ld be avoid$ )9 two or ?ree ye>s aft] ! bir? ( ! la/ *ild4 ,common s5se & sci5ce unite 9 po9t+ out t ! "m requires at lea/ ?is mu* "t to rega9 h] /r5g? & repl5i% h] sy/em 9 ord] to give ano!r baby prop] n\ri%m5t aft] its bir?4 ,au?orities are insi/5t ^u _! w>n+s t too frequ5t *ildbe>+ wrecks ! woman's heal?4 ,weakness ( ! reproductive organs & pelvic ailm5ts almo/ c]ta9ly result if a woman be>s *ildr5 too frequ5tly4 ,by all means !re %\ld be no *ildr5 :5 ei!r "m or fa!r suff]s f su* diseases z tub]culosis1 gonorrhea1 syphilis1 canc]1 epilepsy1 insanity1 drunk5ness & m5tal disord]s4 ,9 ! case ( ! "m1 he>t disease1 kidney tr\ble & pelvic de=mities are also a s]i\s b> to *ildbe>+4 ,?\s&s ( volumes h be5 writt5 by physicians ^u ! dang] to mo!rs & (fspr+ ( hav+ *ildr5 :5 "o or bo? p>5ts are suff]+ f ! diseases m5tion$ above4 ,z au?orities h po9t$ out 9 all ^! books1 ! jails1 hospitals = ! insane1 poorh\ses & h\ses ( pro/itution are fill$ ) ! *ildr5 born ( su* p>5ts1 :ile an a/\nd+ numb] ( _! *ildr5 are ei!r /illborn or die 9 infancy4 ,^! facts are n[ s well kn[n t !y w\ld ne$ little discussion "h1 ev5 if space p]mitt$4 ,misc>riages1 :i* are p>ticul>ly frequ5t 9 cases ( syphilis & pelvic de=mities1 are a great s\rce ( dang] to ! heal? & ev5 to ! life ( ! "m4 ,:]e ei!r p>5t suff]s f gonorrhea1 ! *ild is 9 dang] ( be+ born bl9d4 ,tub]culosis 9 ! p>5t leaves ! *ild's sy/em 9 su* condition t x is likely to suff] f ! disease4 ,*ildbe>+ is also a grave dang] to ! tub]cul> "m4 ,a t5d5cy to insanity1 if n insanity itself1 may be transmitt$ to ! *ild1 or x may be feeblem9d$ if "o ( ! p>5ts is insane or suff]s f any m5tal disord]4 ,drunk5ness 9 ! p>5t or p>5ts has be5 f\nd to be ! cause ( feeblem9d$ness 9 ! (fspr+ & to leave ! *ild ) a con/itution too weak to resi/ disease z x %\ld4 ,no m *ildr5 %\ld be born :5 ! p>5ts1 ?\gh heal?y !mselves1 f9d t _! *ildr5 are physically or m5tally defective4 ,no matt] h[ mu* !y desire *ildr51 no man & woman h a "r to br+ into ! _w ^? :o are to suff] f m5tal or physical affliction4 ,x condemns ! *ild to a life ( mis]y & places ^u ! community ! burd5 ( c>+ = x1 probably = its defective desc5dants = _m g5]ations4 ,g5]ally speak+1 no woman %\ld be> a *ild be=e %e is tw5ty-two ye>s old4 ,x is bett] /ill t %e wait until %e is tw5ty-five4 ,high infant mortality rates = mo!rs "u tw5ty-two atte/ ?is fact4 ,x is highly desirable f ! "m's /&po9t to po/pone *ildbe>+ until %e has atta9$ a ripe physical & m5tal developm5t1 z ! be>+ & nurs+ ( infants int]f]es ) su* developm5t4 ,x is also all important to ! *ild2 ! (fspr+ ( a woman :o is tw5ty-five or some:at old] has ! be/ *ance ( good physical & m5tal equipm5t4 ,9 brief1 a woman %\ld avoid hav+ *ildr5 unless bo? %e & ! fa!r are 9 su* physical & m5tal condition z to assure ! *ild a heal?y physical & m5tal be+4 ,?is is ! answ] t mu/ be made to wom5 ^: *ildr5 are fairly sure ( good c>e1 suffici5t food1 adequate clo?+1 a fit place to live & at lea/ a fair education4 ,a di/9ctly diff]5t & exce$+ly important side ( ! problem mu/ be consid]$ :5 ! wom5 work]s1 ! wives & ! mo!rs ( work]s1 wi% to "k :5 to avoid hav+ *ildr54 ,su* a woman mu/ answ] h] own "q4 ,:at anyone else may tell h] is f> less important ?an :at %e h]self %all reply to a society t dem&s m & m *ildr5 & :i* gives !m less & less :5 !y arrive4 ,:at %all ?is woman say to a society t w\ld make ( h] body a reproductive ma*9e only to wa/e prodigally ! fruit ( h] be+8 ,does society value h] (fspr+8 ,does x n let !m die by ! hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( want1 hung] & prev5table disease8 ,does x n drive !m to ! factories1 ! mills1 ! m9es & ! /ores to be /unt$ physically & m5tally8 ,does x n ?r[ !m into ! labor m>ket to be competitors ) h] & _! fa!r8 ,d we n f9d ! *ildr5 ( ! ,s\? fill+ ! mills1 work+ side by side ) _! mo!rs1 :ile ! fa!rs rema9 at home8 ,d we n f9d ! fa!r1 "m & *ild compet+ ) "o ano!r = _! daily bread8 ,does society n h]d !m 9 slums8 ,does x n drive ! girls to pro/itution & ! boys to crime8 ,does x educate !m = free-spirit$ manhood & womanhood8 ,does x ev5 give !m dur+ _! babyhood fit places to live 91 fit clo!s to we>1 fit food to eat1 or a clean place to play8 ,does x ev5 p]mit ! "m to give !m a "m's c>e8 ,! woman ( ! work]s kn[s :at society does ) h] (fspr+4 ,kn[+ ! bitt] tru?1 le>n$ 9 unspeakable angui%1 :at %all ?is woman say to society8 ,! p[] is 9 h] h&s4 ,%e c br+ =? m *ildr5 to p]petuate ^! conditions1 or %e c )hold ! human gri/ f ^! cruel mills :i* gr9d only disa/]4 ,%all %e say to society t %e w g on multiply+ ! mis]y t %e h]self has endur$8 ,%all %e g on bre$+ *ildr5 :o c only suff] & die8 ,r1 %all %e n say t until society puts a high] value ^u mo!rhood %e w n be a "m8 ,%all %e n sacrifice h] "m in/9cts = ! common good & say t until *ildr5 are held z some?+ bett] ?an commodities ^u ! labor m>ket1 %e w be> no m8 ,%all %e n give up h] desire = ev5 a small family1 & say to society t until ! _w is made fit = *ildr5 to live 91 %e w h no *ildr5 at all8 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,bir? ,,control--,a ,,p>5ts' ,,problem ,,or ,,woman',s8 ,! problem ( bir? control has aris5 directly f ! ef=t ( ! fem99e _s to free itself f bondage4 ,woman h]self has wr\ght t bondage ?r\gh h] reproductive p[]s & :ile enslav+ h]self has enslav$ ! _w4 ,! physical suff]+ to be reliev$ is *iefly woman's4 ,h]s1 too1 is ! love life t dies fir/ "u ! blight ( too prolific bre$+4 ,)9 h] is wrapp$ up ! future ( ! race--x is h]s to make or m>4 ,all ( ^! consid]ations po9t unmi/akably to "o fact--x is woman's duty z well z h] privilege to lay hold ( ! means ( fre$om4 ,:atev] m5 may d1 %e _c escape ! responsibility4 ,= ages %e has be5 depriv$ ( ! opportunity to meet ?is obligation4 ,%e is n[ em]g+ f h] helplessness4 ,ev5 z no "o c %>e ! suff]+ ( ! ov]burd5$ "m1 s no "o c d ?is "w = h]4 ,o!rs may help1 b %e & %e alone c free h]self4 ,! basic fre$om ( ! _w is woman's fre$om4 ,a free race _c be born ( slave mo!rs4 ,a woman en*a9$ _c *oose b give a measure ( t bondage to h] sons & daught]s4 ,no woman c call h]self free :o does n own & control h] body4 ,no woman c call h]self free until %e c *oose consci\sly :e!r %e w or w n be a "m4 ,x does n greatly alt] ! case t "s wom5 call !mselves free because !y e>n _! own liv+s1 :ile o!rs pr(ess fre$om because !y defy ! conv5tions ( sex relation%ip4 ,%e :o e>ns h] own liv+ ga9s a sort ( fre$om t is n to be und]valu$1 b 9 quality & 9 quantity x is ( little acc\nt beside ! untrammel$ *oice ( mat+ or n mat+1 ( be+ a "m or n be+ a "m4 ,%e ga9s food & clo?+ & %elt]1 at lea/1 )\t submitt+ to ! *>ity ( h] companion1 b ! e>n+ ( h] own liv+ does n give h] ! developm5t ( h] inn] sex urge1 f> deep] & m p[]ful 9 its outwork+s ?an any ( ^! ext]nals4 ,9 ord] to h t developm5t1 %e mu/ /ill meet & solve ! problem ( mo!rhood4 ,) ! s-call$ free woman1 :o *ooses a mate 9 defiance ( conv5tion1 fre$om is l>gely a "q ( "* & audacity4 ,if %e does atta9 to an unre/rict$ *oice ( a mate1 %e is /ill 9 a position to be enslav$ ?r\gh h] reproductive p[]s4 ,inde$1 ! pressure ( law & cu/om ^u ! woman n legally m>ri$ is likely to make h] m ( a slave ?an ! woman =tunate en\gh to m>ry ! man ( h] *oice4 ,look at x f any /&po9t y w1 sugge/ any solution y w1 conv5tional or unconv5tional1 sanction$ by law or 9 defiance ( law1 woman is 9 ! same position1 fundam5tally1 until %e is able to det]m9e = h]self :e!r %e w be a "m & to fix ! numb] ( h] (fspr+4 ,?is unavoidable situation is alone en\gh to make bir? control1 fir/ ( all1 a woman's problem4 ,on ! v face ( ! matt]1 volunt>y mo!rhood is *iefly ! conc]n ( ! woman4 ,x is p]si/5tly urg$1 h[ev]1 t s9ce sex expression is ! act ( two1 ! responsibility ( controll+ ! results %\ld n be plac$ ^u woman alone4 ,is x fair1 x is ask$1 to give h]1 in/ead ( ! man1 ! task ( protect+ h]self :5 %e is1 p]haps1 less rugg$ 9 physique ?an h] mate1 & has1 at all ev5ts1 ! normal1 p]iodic inconv5i5ces ( h] sex8 ,we mu/ exam9e ?is phase ( h] problem 9 two lights--t ( ! ideal1 & ( ! conditions work+ t[>d ! ideal4 ,9 an ideal society1 no d\bt1 bir? control w\ld become ! conc]n ( ! man z well z ! woman4 ,! h>d1 inescapable fact :i* we enc\nt] to-day is t man has n only refus$ any su* responsibility1 b has individually & collectively s\ght to prev5t woman f obta9+ k by :i* %e c\ld assume ?is responsibility = h]self4 ,%e is /ill 9 ! position ( a dep5d5t to-day because h] mate has refus$ to consid] h] z an individual ap>t f 8 ne$s4 ,%e is /ill b\nd because %e has 9 ! pa/ left ! solution ( ! problem to him4 ,hav+ left x to him1 %e f9ds t in/ead ( rights1 %e has only su* privileges z %e has ga9$ by petition+1 coax+ & coz5+4 ,hav+ left x to him1 %e is exploit$1 driv5 & enslav$ to 8 desires4 ,:ile x is true t he suff]s _m evils z ! consequ5ce ( ?is situation1 %e suff]s va/ly m4 ,:ile x is true t he %\ld be awak5$ to ! cause ( ^! evils1 we "k t !y come home to h] ) cru%+ =ce e day4 ,x is %e :o has ! long burd5 ( c>ry+1 be>+ & re>+ ! unwant$ *ildr54 ,x is %e :o mu/ wat* beside ! b$s ( pa9 :]e lie ! babies :o suff] because !y h come into ov]cr[d$ homes4 ,x is h] he>t t ! sight ( ! de=m$1 ! subnormal1 ! und]n\ri%$1 ! ov]work$ *ild smites fir/ & (t5e/ & h>de/4 ,x is h] love life t dies fir/ 9 ! fe> ( undesir$ pregnancy4 ,x is h] opportunity = self expression t p]i%es fir/ & mo/ hopelessly because ( x4 ,conditions1 r ?an !ories1 facts1 r ?an dreams1 gov]n ! problem4 ,!y place x squ>ely ^u ! %\ld]s ( woman4 ,%e has le>n$ t :atev] ! moral responsibility ( ! man 9 ?is direction may be1 he does n dis*>ge x4 ,%e has le>n$ t1 lovable & consid]ate z ! individual husb& may be1 %e has no?+ to expect f m5 9 ! mass1 :5 !y make laws & decree cu/oms4 ,%e kn[s t reg>dless ( :at ought to be1 ! brutal1 unavoidable fact is t %e w nev] receive h] fre$om until %e takes x = h]self4 ,hav+ le>n$ ?is mu*1 %e has yet some?+ m to le>n4 ,wom5 are too mu* incl9$ to foll[ 9 ! foot/eps ( m51 to try to ?9k z m5 ?9k1 to try to solve ! g5]al problems ( life z m5 solve !m4 ,if aft] atta9+ _! fre$om1 wom5 accept conditions 9 ! sph]es ( gov]nm5t1 indu/ry1 art1 morals & religion z !y f9d !m1 !y w be b tak+ a leaf out ( man's book4 ,! woman is n ne$$ to d man's "w4 ,%e is n ne$$ to ?9k man's ?\ghts4 ,%e ne$ n fe> t ! mascul9e m9d1 almo/ univ]sally dom9ant1 w fail to take c>e ( its own4 ,h] mission is n to enhance ! mascul9e _s1 b to express ! fem99e2 h]s is n to pres]ve a man-made _w1 b to create a human _w by ! infusion ( ! fem99e elem5t into all ( its activities4 ,woman mu/ n accept2 %e mu/ *all5ge4 ,%e mu/ n be aw$ by t :i* has be5 built up ar\nd h]2 %e mu/ rev]5ce t )9 h] :i* /ruggles = expression4 ,h] eyes mu/ be less ^u :at is & m cle>ly ^u :at %\ld be4 ,%e mu/ li/5 only ) a frankly que/ion+ attitude to ! dogmatiz$ op9ions ( man-made society4 ,:5 %e *ooses h] new1 free c\rse ( action1 x mu/ be 9 ! light ( h] own op9ion--( h] own intuition4 ,only s c %e give play to ! fem99e _s4 ,only ?us c %e free h] mate f ! bondage :i* he wr\ght = himself :5 he wr\ght h]s4 ,only ?us c %e re/ore to him t ( :i* he robb$ himself 9 re/rict+ h]4 ,only ?us c %e remake ! _w4 ,! _w is1 inde$1 h]s to remake1 x is h]s to build & to recreate4 ,ev5 z %e has p]mitt$ ! suppression ( h] own fem99e elem5t & ! consequ5t impov]i%m5t ( indu/ry1 art1 lett]s1 sci5ce1 morals1 religions & social int]c\rse1 s x is h]s to enri* all ^!4 ,woman mu/ h h] fre$om--! fundam5tal fre$om ( *oos+ :e!r or n %e %all be a "m & h[ _m *ildr5 %e w h4 ,reg>dless ( :at man's attitude may be1 t problem is h]s--& be=e x c be 81 x is h]s alone4 ,%e goes ?r\gh ! vale ( dea? alone1 ea* "t a babe is born4 ,z x is ! "r nei!r ( man nor ! /ate to co]ce h] into ?is ordeal1 s x is h] "r to decide :e!r %e w endure x4 ,t "r to decide imposes ^u h] ! duty ( cle>+ ! way to k by :i* %e may make & c>ry out ! decision4 ,bir? control is woman's problem4 ,! quick] %e accepts x z h]s & h]s alone1 ! quick] w society respect mo!rhood4 ,! quick]1 too1 w ! _w be made a fit place = h] *ildr5 to live4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,cont95ce--,,is ,,x ,,practicable ,,or ,,desirable8 ,?\s&s ( well-int5tion$ p :o agree t !re are times & conditions "u :i* x is woman's highe/ duty to avoid hav+ *ildr5 advocate cont95ce z ! "o p]missible means ( bir? control4 ,few ( ^! p agree ) "o ano!r1 h[ev]1 z to :at cont95ce is4 ,"s h 9 m9d absolute cont95ce4 ,o!rs urge cont95ce = p]iods v>y+ f a few weeks to _m ye>s4 ,/ill o!rs are ?9k+ ( ,k>ezza1 or male cont95ce1 z x is sometimes call$4 ,! majority ( physicians & sex psy*ologi/s hold t ! practice ( absolute cont95ce is1 = ! great] "p ( ! human race1 an absurdity4 ,7 su* cont95ce to be practic$1 !re is no d\bt t x w\ld be a mo/ effective *eck ^u ! bir? rate4 ,x is seldom practic$1 h[ev]1 & :5 adh]$ to "u compulsion ! usual result is injury to ! n]v\s sy/em & to ! g5]al heal?4 ,among heal?y p]sons1 ?is me?od is practicable only ) ^? :o h a degree ( m5tally controll$ developm5t z yet nei!r (t5 exp]i5c$ nor ev5 imag9$ by ! mass ( humanity4 ,absolute cont95ce 0 ! ideal ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian *ur* = all ( its communicants1 z %all be se5 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,we %all also see h[ ! *ur* ab&on$ ?is /&>d & n[ conf9es ! doctr9e ( celibacy to ! unm>ri$1 to ! prie/hood & ! nuns4 ,celibacy has be5 practic$ 9 all ages by a few arti/s1 propag&i/s & revolutioni/s 9 ord] t _! m9ds may be s+le to ! "w :i* has claim$ _! lives & all ! =ces ( _! be+s may be b5t 9 "o direction4 ,sometimes1 too1 su* p]sons h rema9$ celibate to avoid ! burd5 ( c>+ = a family4 ,! ,rev4 ,dr4 ,?omas ,rob]t ,mal?us1 :o 9 #agih issu$ ! fir/ ( ^? works :i* exemplifi$ :at is call$ ! ,mal?usian doctr9e1 also advocat$ celibacy or absolute cont95ce until middle age4 ,mal?us prop\nd$ ! n[ widely recogniz$ pr9ciple t population t5ds to increase fa/] ?an ! food supply & t unlimit$ reproduction br+s pov]ty & _m o!r evils ^u a nation4 ,8 !ological tra9+ naturally incl9$ him to favor cont95ce--n s mu* f its practicability1 p]haps1 z because he believ$ t x 0 ! only possible me?od4 ,we w\ld be ignor+ a vital tru? if we fail$ to recognize ! fact t !re are individuals :o ?r\gh absorption 9 religi\s zeal1 consecration to a cause1 or devotion to creative "w are able to live = ye>s or = a lifetime a celibate exi/5ce4 ,x is d\btless true t ! numb] ( ^? :o are ?us able to transmute _! sex =ces into o!r creative =ms is increas+4 ,x is n ) ^!1 h[ev]1 t we are conc]n$4 ,r x is ) ! mass ( humanity1 :o practice cont95ce "u "s sort ( compulsion4 ,:at is ! result ( =c+ cont95ce ^u ^? :o are n fitt$ or d n desire to practice x8 ,! majority op9ion ( m$ical sci5ce & ! evid5ce ( /ati/ics are unit$ on ?is po9t4 ,en=c$ cont95ce is injuri\s--(t5 highly s4 ,physiology1 writes ,dr4 ,j4 ,rutg]s 9 ,rass5v]bess]ung1 tea*es t e function ga9s 9 p[] & effici5cy ?r\gh a c]ta9 degree ( control1 b t ! too ext5d$ suppression ( a desire gives rise to pa?ological di/urbances & 9 "t cripples ! function4 ,especially 9 ! case ( wom5 may ! damage entail$ by too long cont9u$ sexual ab/95ce br+ ab\t deep di/urbances4 ,all ?is1 be x und]/ood1 ref]s to p]sons ( mature age4 ,= "y m5 & wom5 "u c]ta9 ages1 /ati/ics & ! prepond]ance ( m$ical op9ion agree t cont95ce is highly advisable1 9 _m cases seem+ly altoge!r necess>y to future happ9ess4 ,! fam\s ,dr4 ,b]tillon1 ( ,france1 inv5tor ( ! ,b]tillon sy/em ( measurem5ts = ! human body1 has made1 p]haps1 ! mo/ exhau/ive ( all /udies 9 ?is direction4 ,he demon/rates a l>ge mortality = ! boy :o m>ries be=e 8 tw5tie? ye>4 ,:5 s+le1 ! mortality ( ,fr5* y\?s av]ages only #ad p] ?\s&2 among m>ri$ y\?s x rises to #ajj p] ?\s&4 ,:i* %[s t x is six or eight times m p]il\s = a y\? to be incont95t ?an cont95t up to t age4 ,dr4 ,b]tillon's conclusions are t m5 %\ld m>ry betwe5 _! tw5ty-fif? & ?irtie? ye>s1 & t wom5 %\ld m>ry :5 !y h pass$ tw5ty4 ,) ! s+le exception ( "y m5 & wom5 bel[ ! ages not$1 ,dr4 ,b]tillon's /ati/ics tell a v diff]5t /ory4 ,& :]e x relates to celibates1 x is a %ock+ "o4 ,dr4 ,b]tillon %[s t 9 ,france1 ,belgium & ,holl& m>ri$ m5 live consid]ably long] ?an s+le ones1 writes ,dr4 ,*>les ,r4 ,drysdale1 9 summ+ up ! matt] 9 ,! ,population ,"q & are mu* less subject to becom+ insane1 crim9al or vici\s4 ,f ! same /udies we le>n t ! conjugal /ate is also m favorable to ! heal? ( ! woman ov] tw5ty ye>s ( age1 9 ! ?ree c\ntries cov]$4 ,an analysis ( crim9al records %[$ t m ?an twice z _m unm>ri$ m5 & wom5 _h be5 held = crimes ( all k9ds ?an m>ri$ p]sons4 ,rates bas$ ^u #aj1jjj cases ( insanity among m5 & wom5 9 ! same c\ntries %[$ #c4ie p] ?\s& = male celibates aga9/ #b4ag = m>ri$ m54 ,= s+le wom5 ! rate 0 #c4d aga9/ b #a4i = m>ri$ wom54 ,insanity 0 r$uc$ "o-half among wom5 by m>riage4 ,m />tl+ /ill is ! evid5ce ( ! mortality /ati/ics4 ,b]tillon f\nd t ! dea? rates ( ba*elors & wid[]s av]ag$ f ne>ly two to ne>ly ?ree times z high z ^? ( m>ri$ m5 ( ! same ages4 ,dr4 ,may]1 9 8 ,rapports ,conjugaux1 %[$ t ! dea? rates among ! celibate religi\s ord]s /udi$ 7 ne>ly twice z high z ^? ( ! laity4 ,c anyone kn[+ ! facts ask t we recomm5d cont95ce z a bir?-control measure8 ,virtually all ( ! dang]s to heal? involv$ 9 absolute cont95ce are involv$ also 9 ! practice ( cont95ce brok5 only :5 x is desir$ to br+ a *ild into ! _w4 ,9 ! op9ion ( "s m$ical au?orities1 x is ev5 worse1 because ( ! almo/ con/ant excitation ( unsatisfi$ sex desire by ! pres5ce ( ! mate4 ,p :o ?9k t !y believe 9 ?is sort ( family limitation h mu* to say ab\t self-control4 ,usually !y w admit t to ab/a9 f all b a s+le act ( sexual int]c\rse ea* ye> is an indication ( high p[]s ( self-re/ra9t4 ,yet t "o act1 p]=m$ only once a ye>1 might be suffici5t to keep a woman ) "o *ild 9 h] womb & ano!r at h] brea/ dur+ h] entire *ildbe>+ p]iod4 ,t w\ld mean f eighte5 to tw5ty-f\r *ildr5 = ea* "m1 provid$ %e surviv$ s _m bir?s & lactations4 ,contraceptives are q z necess>y to ^! self-controll$ ones :o d n desire *ildr5 e ye> z to ^? :o lead normal1 happy love lives4 ,f ! necessity ( contraceptives & f ! dang]s ( ?is limit$ cont95ce c]ta9 p]sons are1 ( c\rse1 reliev$4 ,!y are ! ones ^: m5tal & spiritual developm5t is s high z to make ?is practice natural to !m4 ,^! individuals are s exce$+ly r>e1 h[ev]1 t !y ne$ n be discuss$ "h4 ,moreov]1 !y are capable ( solv+ _! own problems4 ,few :o advocate ! doctr9e ( absolute cont95ce live up to x /rictly4 ,i met "o woman :o assur$ me t %e _h obs]v$ x fai?fully 9 ! ?irte5 ye>s s9ce h] y\nge/ *ild 0 born4 ,%e _h su* a loa?+ = sexual union1 h[ev]1 t x 0 d\btless ! easie/ & be/ ?+ = h] to d4 ,loa?+1 disgu/ or indiff]5ce to ! sex relation%ip ne>ly always lies beh9d ! advocacy to cont95ce except = ! consci\s purpose ( creat+ *ildr54 ,9 o!r words1 :ile "o 9 t5 ?\s& p]sons may f9d full play = a div]t$ & transmut$ sex =ce 9 o!r creative functions1 ! re/ avoid ! sex union f repression4 ,^! are two widely diff]5t situations--"o may make = racial progress & ! happ9ess ( ! few individuals capable ( x2 ! o!r poisons ! race at its f\nta9 & br+s no?+ b ! discont5t1 unhapp9ess & mis]y :i* foll[ en=c$ cont95ce4 ,= all t1 an increas+ numb] ( p]sons1 mo/ly wom51 are advocat+ cont95ce )9 m>riage4 ,sexual union is ne>ly always spok5 ( by su* p]sons z some?+ 9 itself repugnant1 disgu/+1 l[ & lu/ful4 ,consci\sly or unconsci\sly1 !y look ^u x z a h>d%ip1 to be endur$ only1 to br+ ,god's image & lik5ess into ! _w4 ,_! v attitude precludes any great probability t _! prog5y w possess an abundance ( su* qualities4 ,mu* ( ! responsibility = ?is feel+ ^u ! "p ( _m ?\s&s ( wom5 mu/ be laid to two ?\s& ye>s ( ,*ri/ian tea*+ t all sex expression is unclean4 ,"p ( x1 too1 mu/ be laid to ! dom9ant male's habit ( violat+ ! love rights ( 8 mate4 ,! habit ref]r$ to gr[s out ( ! assum$ & legaliz$ "r ( ! husb& to h sexual satisfaction at any "t he desires1 reg>dless ( ! woman's repugnance = x4 ,! law ( ! /ate upholds him 9 ?is reg>d4 ,a husb& ne$ n support 8 wife if %e refuses to comply ) 8 sexual dem&s4 ,( ! two gr\ps ( wom5 :o reg>d physical union ei!r ) disgu/ & loa?+1 or ) indiff]5ce1 ! =m] are ! less num]\s4 ,nev]!less1 !re are _m ?\s&s ( !m4 ,i h li/5$ to _! /ories (t51 bo? z a nurse 9 ob/etrical cases & z a propag&i/ = bir? control4 ,an almo/ univ]sal cause ( _! attitude is a sad lack ( und]/&+ ( ! great beauties ( ! normal1 ideali/ic love act4 ,nei!r d !y und]/& ! uplift+ p[] ( su* unions = bo? m5 & wom54 ,ignorance ( life1 ignorance ( all b ! %e] reproductive function ( mat+1 & especially a wrong tra9+1 are mo/ l>gely responsible = ?is tragic /ate ( affairs4 ,:5 ?is ignorance ext5ds to ! man 9 su* a degree z to p]mit him to h ! all too frequ5t co>se & brutal attitude t[>d sex matt]s1 ! trag$y is only deep5$4 ,truly ! *ur* & ^? morali/s :o h be5 insi/+ ^u keep+ sex matt]s 9 ! d>k h a huge li/ ( conceal$ crimes to answ] =4 ,! "r k9d ( a book1 a s]ies ( cle>1 sci5tific lectures1 or a common-s5se talk ) ei!r ! man or woman w (t5 d away ) mo/ ( ! repugnance to physical union4 ,:5 ! repugnance is gone1 ! way is op5 to t upliftm5t ?r\gh sex idealism :i* is ! bir?right ( all wom5 & m54 ,:5 ,i h _h ! confid5ce ( wom5 indiff]5t to physical union1 ,i h f\nd ! fault usually lay ) ! husb&4 ,8 idea ( m>riage is too (t5 t ( provid+ a home = a female :o w\ld 9 turn provide = 8 physical ne$s1 includ+ sexual satisfaction4 ,su* a husb& usually excludes su* satisfaction f ! category ( ! wife's ne$s1 physical or spiritual4 ,?is man is n conc]n$ ) 8 wife's sex urge1 save z x responds to 8 own at times ( 8 *oos+4 ,man's code has taught woman to be q a%am$ ( su* desires4 ,usually %e speaks ( indiff]5ce )\t regret2 (t5 pr\dly4 ,%e seems to reg>d h]self z m *a/e & highly end[$ 9 purity ?an o!r wom5 :o confess to feel+ physical attraction t[>d _! husb&s4 ,%e also secretly consid]s h]self f> sup]ior to ! husb& :o makes no concealm5t ( 8 desire t[>d h]4 ,nev]!less1 because ( ?is desire ^u ! husb&'s "p1 %e goes on pret5d+ to mutual int]e/ 9 ! relation%ip4 ,only ! tru?1 pla9ly spok51 c help ^! p4 ,! woman is condemn$ to physical1 m5tal & spiritual mis]y by ! ignorance :i* society has fix$ ^u h]4 ,%e has h] *oice betwe5 an en=c$ cont95ce1 ) its heal?-wreck+ consequ5ces & its con/ant aggravation ( dome/ic discord1 & ! sort ( pro/itution legaliz$ by ! m>riage c]emony4 ,! man may *oose betwe5 en=c$ cont95ce & its effects1 or he may resort to an unm>ri$ relation%ip or to pro/itution4 ,nei!r ( ^! p--! "o s*ool$ directly or indirectly by ! *ur* & ! o!r tra9$ 9 ! sex e?ics ( ! gutt]--c hope to lift ! o!r to ! reg5]at+ influ5ces ( a pure1 clean1 happy love life4 ,z long z we leave sex education to ! gutt] & h\ses ( pro/itution1 we %all h millions ( j su* mis]able m>riage failures4 ,su* cont95ce z is involv$ 9 dep5d5ce ^u ! s-call$ safe p]iod = family limitation w h>m no "o4 ,! difficulty "h is t ! me?od is n practical4 ,x simply does n "w4 ,! woman :o employs ?is me?od f9ds h]self 9 ! same pr$icam5t z ! "o :o believes t %e is n 9 dang] ( pregnancy :5 %e does n respond passionately to h] husb&4 ,t ?is woman is m likely to conceive ?an ! emotional "o1 is a well-kn[n fact4 ,! woman :o refuses to use contraceptives1 b :o rejects sex expression except = a few days 9 ! mon?1 is likely to le>n too soon ! fallacy ( h] !ory z a bir?-control me?od4 ,= a long "t ! safe p]iod 0 sugge/$ by physicians4 ,x 0 also ! "o me?od ( bir? control c\nt5anc$ by ! ecclesia/ics4 ,wom5 are le>n+ f exp]i5ce & speciali/s are discov]+ by inve/igation t ! safe p]iod is any?+ b safe = all wom54 ,"s wom5 are nev] free f ! possibility ( conception f pub]ty to ! m5opause4 ,o!rs seem+ly h safe p]iods = a "t1 only to become pregnant :5 !y h begun to feel secure 9 _! !ory4 ,"h aga91 cont95ce mu/ give way1 z a me?od ( bir? control1 to contraceptives4 ,9 ! same category z ! safe p]iod1 z a me?od ( bir? control1 mu/ be plac$ s-call$ male cont95ce4 ,! same practice is also v>i\sly kn[n z ,k>ezza1 ,s$ul> ,absorption & ,zugass5t's ,discov]y4 ,^? :o reg>d x z a me?od ( family limitation are likely to f9d !mselves disappo9t$4 ,z a =m ( cont95ce1 h[ev]1 if x c be call$ cont95ce1 x is ass]t$ to br+ none ( ! long c\rse ( evils :i* too (t5 foll[ ! practice ( lifelong ab/95ce1 or ab/95ce brok5 only :5 a *ild is desir$4 ,its devotees te/ify t !y avoid ill effects & a*ieve ! highe/ possible results4 ,^! results are due1 probably1 to two factors4 ,fir/1 ^? :o practice ,k>ezza are usually ( a high m5tal & spiritual developm5t & are1 !re=e1 capable ( an exalt$ degree ( self-control )\t actual repression4 ,second1 !y h ! b5efit ( t magnetic int]*ange betwe5 man & woman :i* makes = physical1 m5tal & spiritual wellbe+4 ,?is /imulation becomes de/ructive irritation 9 ord9>y =ms ( cont95ce4 ,! ,oneida ,community1 a religi\s gr\p compris+ ab\t #acj m5 & #aej wom51 :i* occupi$ a "p ( an old ,indian res]vation 9 ! /ate ( ,new ,york1 7 ! *ief expon5ts ( male cont95ce4 ,! practice 0 a religi\s requirem5t ) !m & !y laid great /ress ^u ?ree diff]5t functions :i* !y attribut$ to ! sexual organs4 ,!y held t ^! functions 7 ur9>y1 reproductive & amative1 ea* sep>ate & di/9ct 9 its use f ! o!rs4 ,cases are cit$ 9 :i* bo? m5 & wom5 are said to h pres]v$ _! y\? & _! sexual p[]s to a ripe old age1 & to h prolong$ _! honeymoons ?r\gh\t m>ri$ life4 ,! !ory1 h[ev]1 int]e/+ z x may be :5 consid]$ z cont95ce1 is n to be reli$ ^u z a me?od ( bir? control4 ,summ+ x all up1 !n1 cont95ce may meet ! ne$s ( a few natures1 b x does n meet ! ne$s ( ! masses4 ,to en=ce cont95ce ^u ^? ^: natures d n dem& x1 is an inju/ice1 ! cruelty & ! dang] ( :i* has be5 und]e/imat$ r ?an exagg]at$4 ,x matt]s n :e!r ?is wrong is committ$ by ! *ur*1 ?r\gh "s outworn dogma2 by ! /ate1 ?r\gh ! laws prohibit+ contraceptives1 or by society1 ?r\gh ! conditions :i* prev5t m>riage :5 "y m5 & wom5 rea* ! age at :i* !y h ne$ ( m>riage4 ,! _w has be5 gov]n$ too long by repression4 ,! m fundam5tal ! =ce t is repress$ ! m de/ructive its action4 ,! disa/r\s effects ( repress+ ! sex =ce are writt5 pla9ly 9 ! heal? rates1 ! mortality /ati/ics1 ! records ( crime & ! entry books ( ! hospitals = ! insane4 ,yet ?is is n all ! tale1 = !re are /ill ! little und]/ood ho/s ( sexually abnormal p & ! monoton\s mis]y ( millions :o d n die e>ly nor end viol5tly1 b :o are1 nev]!less1 devoid ( ! joys ( a natural love life4 ,z a means ( bir? control1 cont95ce is z impracticable = mo/ p z x is undesirable4 ,celibate wom5 d\btless h _! place 9 ! reg5]ation ( ! _w1 b x is n !y1 aft] all1 :o w1 ?r\gh exp]i5ce & und]/&+ recreate x4 ,x is ma9ly ?r\gh fullness ( expression & exp]i5ce 9 life t ! mass ( wom51 hav+ atta9$ fre$om1 w accompli% ?is unp>allel$ task4 ,! ne$ ( wom5's lives is n repression1 b ! greate/ possible expression & fulfillm5t ( _! desires ^u ! highe/ possible plane4 ,!y _c rea* high] planes ?r\gh ignorance & compulsion4 ,!y c atta9 !m only ?r\gh k & ! cultivation ( a high]1 happi] attitude t[>d sex4 ,sex life mu/ be /ripp$ ( its fe>4 ,?is is "o ( ! great functions ( contraceptives4 ,t :i* is en%r\d$ 9 fe> becomes morbid4 ,t :i* is morbid _c be really beautiful4 ,a true und]/&+ ( e phase ( ! love life1 & su* an und]/&+ alone1 c reveal x 9 its purity--9 its p[] ( upliftm5t4 ,=ce & fe> h fail$ f ! beg9n+ ( "t4 ,_! fruits are wrecks & wret*$ness4 ,k & fre$om to *oose or reject ! sexual embrace1 accord+ z x is lovely or unlovely1 & ^! alone1 c solve ! problem4 ,^! alone make possible betwe5 man & woman t indissoluble tie & mutual passion1 & common und]/&+1 9 :i* lies ! hope ( a high] race4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,contraceptives ,,or ,,abortion8 ,society has n yet le>n$ ! significance ( ! age-long ef=t ( ! fem99e _s to free itself ( ! burd5 ( excessive *ildbe>+4 ,x has be5 s+ul>ly bl9d to ! real =ces und]ly+ ! cause ( infanticide1 *ild ab&onm5t & abortion4 ,x has p]mitt$ ! highe/ & mo/ p[]ful ?+ 9 woman's nature to be h9d]$1 div]t$1 repress$ & confus$4 ,society has p]mitt$ ?is inn] urge ( woman to be r5d]$ viol5t by repression until x has express$ itself 9 cruel =ms ( family limitation1 :i* ?is same society has promptly label$ crimes & s\ght to puni%4 ,x has gone on bl9dly =c+ wom5 into ^! crimes1 deaf alike to _! entreaties & to ! lessons ( hi/ory4 ,z we h se5 9 ! second *apt] ( ?is book1 *ild ab&onm5t & infanticide are by no means obsolete practices4 ,z = abortion1 x has n decreas$ b increas$ ) ! advance ( civilization4 ,! read] w recall t "o au?ority says t !re are #a1jjj1jjj abortions 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates e ye>1 :ile ano!r e/imates d\ble t numb]4 ,mo/ ( ! wom5 ( ! middle & upp] classes 9 ,am]ica seem secure 9 _! k ( contraceptives z a means ( bir? control4 ,"u pres5t conditions1 :5 ! laws 9 mo/ /ates reg>d ?is k1 h[soev] x be imp>t$1 z illicit1 & ! f$]al /atutes prohibit ! s5d+ ( x ?r\gh ! mails1 ev5 ! wom5 9 m =tunate circum/ances sometimes h difficulty 9 gett+ sci5tific in=mation4 ,nev]!less1 s /rong is _! purpose t !y d obta9 x & use x1 correctly or incorrectly4 ,! great majority ( wom51 h[ev]1 belong to ! work+ class4 ,ne>ly all ( ^! wom5 w fall into "o ( two g5]al gr\ps--! ones :o are hav+ *ildr5 aga9/ _! wills1 & ^? :o1 to escape ?is evil1 f9d refuge 9 abortion4 ,be+ giv5 _! *oice by society--to cont9ue to be ov]burd5$ mo!rs or to submit to a humiliat+1 repulsive1 pa9ful & too (t5 gravely dang]\s op]ation1 ^? wom5 9 :om ! fem99e urge to fre$om is /ronge/ *oose ! abortioni/4 ,"o gr\p goes on br++ *ildr5 to bir?1 hop+ t !y w be born dead or die4 ,! wom5 ( ! o!r gr\p /rive consci\sly by dra/ic means to protect !mselves & ! *ildr5 already born4 ,our exam9ations1 says ,dr4 ,max ,hirs*1 an au?ority on ! subject1 h in=m$ u t ! l>ge/ numb] ( abortions 79 ! ,unit$ ,/ates7 are p]=m$ on m>ri$ wom54 ,?is fact br+s u to ! conclusion t contraceptive measures among ! upp] classes & ! practice ( abortion among ! l[] class1 are ! real means employ$ to regulate ! numb] ( (fspr+4 ,?us a high p]c5tage ( wom5 9 com=table circum/ances escape ov]bre$+ by ! use ( contraceptives4 ,a simil>ly high p]c5tage ( wom5 n 9 com=table circum/ances are =c$ to submit to =c$ mat]nity1 because _! only alt]native at pres5t is abortion4 ,:5 accid5tal conception takes place1 "s wom5 ( bo? classes resort to abortion if !y c obta9 ! s]vices ( an abortioni/4 ,:5 society holds up its h&s 9 horror at ! crime ( abortion1 x =gets at ^: door ! fir/ & pr9cipal responsibility = ?is practice re/s4 ,does anyone imag9e t a woman w\ld submit to abortion if n d5i$ ! k ( sci5tific1 effective contraceptives8 ,does anyone believe t physicians & midwives :o p]=m abortions g f door to door solicit+ patronage8 ,! abortioni/ c\ld n cont9ue 8 practice = tw5ty-f\r h\rs if x 7 n = ! fact t wom5 come desp]ately begg+ = su* op]ations4 ,he c\ld n /ay out ( jail a day if wom5 did n s g5]ally approve ( 8 s]vices z to hold 8 id5tity an op5 b seldom-betray$ secret4 ,! "q1 !n1 is n :e!r family limitation %\ld be practic$4 ,x is be+ practic$2 x has be5 practic$ = ages & x w always be practic$4 ,! "q t society mu/ answ] is ?is3 ,%all family limitation be a*iev$ ?r\gh bir? control or abortion8 ,%all normal1 safe1 effective contraceptives be employ$1 or %all we cont9ue to =ce wom5 to ! abnormal1 (t5 dang]\s surgical op]ation8 ,?is "q1 too1 ! *ur*1 ! /ate & ! morali/ mu/ answ]4 ,! k ( contraceptive me?ods may yet = a "t be d5i$ to ! woman ( ! work+ class1 b ^? :o are responsible = d5y+ x to h]1 & %e h]self1 %\ld und]/& cle>ly ! dang]s to :i* %e is expos$ because ( ! laws :i* =ce h] into ! h&s ( ! abortioni/4 ,to und]/& ! m cle>ly ! diff]5ce betwe5 bir? control by contraceptives & family limitation ?r\gh abortion x is necess>y to "k some?+ ( ! processes ( conception4 ,k ( ^! processes w also enable u to compreh5d m ?or\ghly ! dang]s to :i* woman is expos$ by our antiquat$ laws1 & h[ mu* bett] x w\ld be = h] to employ su* prev5tive measures z w\ld keep h] out ( ! h&s ( ! abortioni/1 into :i* ! laws n[ drive h]4 ,9 e woman's ov>ies are imb$d$ millions ( ovules or eggs4 ,!y are 9 e female at bir?1 & z ! girl develops into womanhood1 ^! ovules develop also4 ,at a c]ta9 age1 v>y+ slightly ) ! individual1 ! ripe/ ovule leaves ! ne/ or ov>y & comes d[n "o ( ! tubes connect+ ) ! womb & passes out ( ! body4 ,:5 ?is takes place1 x is said t ! girl is at ! age ( pub]ty4 ,:5 x rea*es ! womb ! ovule is ready = ! process ( conception--t is1 f]tilization by ! male sp]m4 ,at ! "t ! ovule is rip5+1 ! womb is prep>+ to receive x4 ,?is prep>ation consi/s ( a re9=c$ blood supply br\ght to its l9+4 ,if f]tilization takes place1 ! f]tiliz$ ovule or ovum w cl+ to ! l9+ ( ! womb & !re ga!r its n\ri%m5t4 ,if f]tilization does n take place1 ! ovum passes out ( ! body & ! ut]us ?r[s (f its surplus blood supply4 ,?is is call$ ! m5/rual p]iod4 ,x occurs ab\t once a mon? or e tw5ty-eight days4 ,9 ! male organs !re are gl&s call$ te/es4 ,!y secrete a fluid call$ ! sem54 ,9 ! sem5 is ! life-giv+ pr9ciple call$ ! sp]m4 ,:5 int]c\rse takes place1 if no prev5tive is employ$1 ! sem5 is deposit$ 9 ! woman's vag9a4 ,! ovule is n 9 ! vag9a1 b is 9 ! womb1 f>!r up1 or p]haps 9 ! tube on its way to ! womb4 ,z /eel is attract$ to ! magnet1 ! sp]m ( ! male />ts on its way to seek ! ovum4 ,sev]al ( ^! sp]m cells />t1 b only "o ent]s ! ovum & is absorb$ into x4 ,?is process is call$ f]tilization1 conception or impregnation4 ,if no *ildr5 are desir$1 ! meet+ ( ! male sp]m & ! ovum mu/ be prev5t$4 ,:5 sci5tific means are employ$ to prev5t ?is meet+1 "o is said to practice bir? control4 ,! means us$ is kn[n z a contraceptive4 ,if1 h[ev]1 a contraceptive is n us$ & ! sp]m meets ! ovule & developm5t beg9s1 any attempt at remov+ x or /opp+ its fur!r gr[? is call$ abortion4 ,!re is no d\bt t wom5 are apt to look ^u abortion z ( little consequ5ce & to treat x accord+ly4 ,an abortion is z important a matt] z a conf9em5t & requires z mu* att5tion z ! bir? ( a *ild at its full t]m4 ,! imm$iate dang]s ( abortion1 says ,dr4 ,j4 ,clifton ,edg>1 9 8 book1 ,! ,practice ( ,ob/etrics1 are hemorrhage1 ret5tion ( an adh]5t plac5ta1 sepsis1 tetanus1 p]=ation ( ! ut]us4 ,!y also cause /]ility1 anemia1 malignant diseases1 displacem5ts1 neurosis1 & endometritis4 ,9 pla91 ev]yday language1 9 an abortion !re is always a v s]i\s risk to ! heal? & (t5 to ! life ( ! pati5t4 ,x is only ! wom5 ( weal? :o c af=d ! be/ m$ical skill1 c>e & treatm5t bo? at ! "t ( ! op]ation & aft]w>ds4 ,9 ?is way !y escape ! usual s]i\s consequ5ces4 ,! wom5 ^: incomes are limit$ & :o mu/ cont9ue at "w be=e !y h recov]$ f ! effects ( an abortion are ! great army ( suff]]s4 ,x is among su* t ! dea?s due to abortion usually ensue4 ,x is ^!1 too1 :o are mo/ (t5 =c$ to resort to su* op]ations4 ,if dea? does n result1 ! woman :o has und]gone an abortion is n altoge!r safe f h>m4 ,! womb may n return to its natural size1 b rema9 l>ge & heavy1 t5d+ to fall away f its natural position4 ,abortion (t5 leaves ! ut]us 9 a condition to conceive easily aga9 & unless prev5tion is /rictly foll[$ ano!r pregnancy w surely occur4 ,frequ5t abortions t5d to cause b>r5ness & s]i\s1 pa9ful pelvic ailm5ts4 ,^! & o!r conditions aris+ f su* op]ations are v likely to ru9 a woman's g5]al heal?4 ,:ile !re are cases :]e ev5 ! law recognizes an abortion z ju/ifiable if recomm5d$ by a physician1 ,i ass]t t ! hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( abortions p]=m$ 9 ,am]ica ea* ye> are a disgrace to civilization4 ,! effects ( su* op]ations ^u a woman1 s]i\s z !y may be1 are no?+ z comp>$ to ! injury done h] g5]al heal? by drugs tak5 to produce ! same result4 ,ev5 su* drugs z are prescrib$ by physicians h h>mful effects1 & no/rums recomm5d$ by druggi/s are (t5 worse /ill4 ,ev5 m dra/ic may be ! effect ^u ! unborn *ild1 = _m wom5 fill _! sy/ems ) poison\s drugs dur+ ! fir/ weeks ( _! pregnancy1 only to decide at la/1 :5 drugs h fail$1 z !y usually d1 to br+ ! *ild to bir?4 ,!re are no /ati/ics1 ( c\rse1 by :i* we may compute ! am\nt ( suff]+ to "m & *ild f ! use ( su* drugs1 b we "k t ! total ( physical weakness & disease mu/ be a/\nd+4 ,we "k t ! woman's own sy/em feels ! /ra9 ( ^! drugs & t ! embryo is usually poison$ by !m4 ,! *ild is likely to be rickety1 h he>t tr\ble1 kidney disord]1 or to be g5]ally weak 9 its p[]s ( resi/ance4 ,if x does n die be=e x rea*es its fir/ ye>1 x is probable t x w h to /ruggle aga9/ "s ( ^! weaknesses until its adolesc5t p]iod4 ,x ne$s no ass]tion ( m9e to call att5tion to ! grim fact t ! laws prohibit+ ! imp>t+ ( in=mation conc]n+ ! prev5t+ ( conception are responsible = t5s ( ?\s&s ( dea?s ea* ye> 9 ?is c\ntry & an untold am\nt ( sickness & sorr[4 ,! suff]+ & ! dea? ( ^! wom5 is squ>ely ^u ! heads ( ! lawmak]s & ! puritanical1 mascul9e-m9d$ p]son :o insi/ ^u reta9+ ! abom9able legal re/rictions4 ,try z !y w !y _c escape ! tru?1 nor hide x "u ! cloak ( /upid hypocrisy4 ,if ! laws aga9/ imp>t+ k ( sci5tific bir? control 7 repeal$1 ne>ly all ( ! #a1jjj1jjj or #b1jjj1jjj wom5 :o und]go abortions 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ea* ye> w\ld escape ! agony ( ! surgeon's in/rum5ts & ! long trail ( disease1 suff]+ & dea? :i* s (t5 foll[s4 ,he :o w\ld combat abortion1 says ,dr4 ,hirs*1 & at ! same "t combat contraceptive measures may be lik5$ to ! p]son :o w\ld fight contagi\s diseases & =bid dis9fection4 ,= contraceptive measures are important weapons 9 ! fight aga9/ abortion4 ,am]ica has a law s9ce #ahgc :i* prohibits by crim9al /atute ! di/ribution & regulation ( contraceptive measures4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t ,am]ica /&s at ! head ( all nations 9 ! huge numb] ( abortions4 ,!re is ! case 9 a nut%ell4 ,family limitation w always be practic$ z x is n[ be+ practic$--ei!r by bir? control or by abortion4 ,we "k t4 ,! "o means heal? & happ9ess--a /rong]1 bett] race4 ,! o!r means disease1 suff]+1 dea?4 ,! woman :o goes to ! abortioni/'s table is n a crim9al b a m>tyr--a m>tyr to ! bitt]1 un?9kable conditions br\ght ab\t by ! bl9dness ( society at l>ge4 ,^! conditions give h] ! *oice betwe5 ! surgeon's in/rum5ts & ! sacrific+ ( :at is highe/ & holie/ 9 h]--h] aspiration to fre$om1 h] desire to protect ! *ildr5 already h]s4 ,^! conditions--n ! woman--outface society ) ?is "q3 ,contraceptives or ,abortion--:i* %all x be8 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,are ,,prev5tive ,,means ,,c]ta98 ,!re are sev]al means ( prev5t+ conception :i* are bo? c]ta9 & h>mless4 ,:at ^? means are ! /ate laws =bid me to say4 ,if ,i %\ld defy ! /ate laws & "n ^? contraceptives1 ! f$]al laws w\ld =bid ?is book's go+ ?r\gh ! mails4 ,nor c ,i1 )\t com+ into conflict ) ! laws1 tell :y ^! means are reliable4 ,x is difficult to discuss ! subject )\t us+ frank] language ?an ! /atutes p]mit1 & ,i d n wi% to violate ! law 9 ?is p>ticul> book4 ,c ,i rely ^u ?is8 ,is x c]ta98 ,w x prev5t absolutely8 ,su* que/ions1 always ask$ by wom5 :o seek advice conc]n+ contraceptives1 te/ify bo? to _! fe> ( involunt>y mo!rhood & _! d\bt z to any & all means (f]$ = _! deliv]ance4 ,d\bt z to ! c]ta9ty ( contraceptives arises f two s\rces4 ,"o is ! un9=m$ elem5t 9 ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,a physician :o belongs to ?is elem5t may object to bir? control ^u g5]al gr\nds1 or he may repeat old-fa%ion$ objections to cov] 8 ignorance ( contraceptives4 ,=1 /range z x may seem1 !re is an amaz+ ignorance among physicians ( ?is supremely important subject4 ,! un9=m$ objector (t5 assumes to speak ) ! voice ( au?ority1 ass]t+ t !re are no ?or\ghly dep5dable contraceptives t are n injuri\s to ! us]4 ,! o!r s\rce ( di/ru/ is ! exp]i5ce ( ! woman h]self4 ,hav+ no place to g = sci5tific advice1 %e ga!rs h] in=mation f neighbors & fri5ds4 ,"o (f]s ?is sugge/ion1 ano!r (f]s t1 ea* urg+ ! means t %e has f\nd successful & condemn+ o!rs4 ,all ?is is v confus+ & extremely di/urb+ to ! woman :o1 = "o reason or ano!r1 is liv+ 9 con/ant fe> ( pregnancy4 ,x is n at all surpris+ t su* a /ate ( affairs exi/s4 ,!re has be5 s mu* secrecy ab\t ! :ole subject & s mu* dep5d5ce ^u amateuri% & nonpr(essional advice t x is almo/ impossible = anyone to procure reliable in=mation or to recognize x :5 giv54 ,?is is especially true 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :]e !re are bo? f$]al & /ate laws to puni% ^? :o dissem9ate k ( bir?-control me?ods4 ,ev5 "u pres5t conditions1 h[ev]1 !re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( reliable in=mation conc]n+ me?ods ( bir? control4 ,we "k t !re are sev]al me?ods ( prev5tion :i* are n only dep5dable1 b :i* c be us$ )\t injury ei!r to ! man or ! woman4 ,k ( :at ^! me?ods are & h[ to apply !m %\ld be available to e m>ri$ man & woman4 ,x is safe to pr$ict t 9 a v few ye>s !y w be available4 ,"s me?ods are m dep5dable ?an o!rs1 j z !re are "s m simple ( adju/m5t ?an o!rs4 ,"s are *eap & less durable2 o!rs are exp5sive & la/ = ye>s4 ,!re are "s :i* = a qu>t] ( a c5tury h /ood ! te/ ( c]ta9ty 9 ,holl&1 ,france1 ,engl& & ! ,unit$ ,/ates among ! weal?i] classes1 z ! fall+ bir? rate among ^! classes indicates4 ,& j z ! reliable1 primitive :eelb>r[ is antiquat$ beside ! late/ airplane1 s1 z sci5tific inve/igators turn _! att5tion m & m to ?is field1 w ! awkw>d1 tr\blesome me?ods ( ! pa/ give way to ! simpl]1 m conv5i5t me?ods ( ! morr[4 ,al?\gh ! law =bids in=mation conc]n+ reliable means ( contraception1 x is h>dly likely t x c be invok$ to prev5t w>n+s aga9/ widely practic$ me?ods :i* are ,,n reliable4 ,! employm5t ( su* me?ods leads n only to disappo9tm5t b (t5 to ill heal?4 ,"o ( ! mo/ common practices ( ?is k9d is t ( nurs+ "o baby too long 9 ! hope ( prev5t+ ! bir? ( ! next4 ,! poor :ites ( ! ,s\? & _m ( ! =eign-born wom5 ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates p9 _! hopes to ?is me?od4 ,(t5 !y p]si/ 9 nurs+ a *ild until x is eighte5 mon?s old--almo/ always until !y become pregnant aga94 ,prolong$ nurs+ hurts bo? *ild & "m1 x is said4 ,9 ! *ild x causes a t5d5cy to bra9 disease1 probably ?r\gh disord]$ dige/ion & nutrition4 ,9 ! "m x causes a /rong t5d5cy to deafness & bl9dness4 ,if a *ild is nurs$ aft] x is twelve mon?s old1 x is g5]ally pale1 flabby & unheal?y1 (t5 rickety1 "o au?ority po9ts out1 :ile ! "m is usually n]v\s1 emaciat$ & hy/]ical4 ,if pregnancy occurs "u ^! conditions1 ! "m n only injures h] own heal? b t ( ! next *ild1 (t5 develop+ 9 x a weakness ( con/itution :i* x nev] ov]comes4 ,moreov]1 prolong$ nurs+ has be5 f\nd to be unreliable z a contraceptive4 ,we "k ?is ^u good au?ority4 ,x %\ld n be dep5d$ ^u at all4 ,9 ! same class is ! s-call$ safe p]iod ref]r$ to 9 ano!r *apt]4 ,= _m wom5 !re is nev] any safe p]iod4 ,o!rs h safe p]iods = a numb] ( ye>s1 only to f9d !mselves pregnant because ^! p]iods h ceas$ )\t w>n+4 ,"o ( ! mo/ frequ5t ( all ! mi/akes made 9 recomm5d+ contraceptives is ! advice to use an antiseptic or cold-wat] d\*e4 ,?is error seems to be surpris+ly p]si/5t4 ,i am p>ticul>ly surpris$ to he> f wom5 t su* d\*es h be5 prescrib$ by physicians4 ,any physician :o kn[s ! fir/ rudim5ts ( physiology & anatomy mu/ also "k t necess>y & important z an antiseptic d\*e is z a cleans] & hygi5ic measure1 x is assur$ly n to be advis$ z a means ( prev5t+ conception4 ,a woman may1 & (t5 does1 become pregnant be=e %e c make use ( a d\*e4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly likely to happ5 if h] ut]us is l[4 ,& ! woman :o does mu* walk+1 :o /&s = long h\rs or :o uses ! sew+ ma*9e a great deal is likely to h a l[ ut]us4 ,x is !n mu* easi] = ! sp]matazoa to ent] almo/ directly into ! womb ?an x w\ld o!rwise be1 & ! d\*e1 no matt] h[ soon x is us$1 is likely to be ineffective4 ,! t5d5cy ( ! ut]us to drop "u /ra9 goes f> to expla9 :y "s wom5 :o h dep5d$ ^u ! d\*e = ye>s sudd5ly f9d !mselves pregnant4 ,d n dep5d ^u ! d\*e4 ,z a cleans+ ag5t1 x is a necess>y "p ( e woman's toilet1 b x is n a prev5tive4 ,ev5 if ! d\*e 7 dep5dable1 ! abs5ce ( sanit>y conv5i5ce f h\seholds 9 remote di/ricts & ! difficulty ( us+ a d\*e 9 cr[d$ t5em5ts w\ld prev5t _m wom5 f mak+ use ( x4 ,despite ! unreliability ( "s me?ods & ! h>mfulness ( "s o!rs1 !re are me?ods :i* are bo? h>mless & c]ta94 ,?is mu* ! woman :o is seek+ means ( limit+ h] family may be told "h4 ,9 us+ any me?od1 :atsoev]1 all dep5ds ^u ! c>e tak5 to use x prop]ly4 ,no surgeon1 no matt] h[ p]fect 8 in/rum5ts1 w\ld expect p]fect results f ! simple/ op]ation did he n ex]cise ! greate/ possible c>e4 ,common s5se1 good judgm5t & tak+ pa9s are necess>y 9 ! use ( all contraceptives4 ,m & m p]fect means ( prev5t+ conception w be develop$ z wom5 insi/ ^u !m4 ,e woman %\ld make x pla9 to h] physician t %e expects him to be in=m$ ^u ?is subject4 ,%e %\ld refuse to accept evasive answ]s4 ,an increas+ dem& ^u physicians w inevitably result 9 laboratory rese>*es & exp]im5tation4 ,su* inve/igation is inde$ already beg9n+ & we may expect great progress 9 contraceptive me?ods 9 ! ne> future4 ,we may also expect m au?oritative op9ions ^u prev5tive me?ods & devices4 ,:5 wom5 confid5tly & insi/5tly dem& !m1 !y w h access to contraceptives :i* are bo? c]ta9 & h>mless4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,w ,,bir? ,,control ,,help ,,! ,,cause ,,( ,,labor8 ,labor seems in/9ctively to h recogniz$ ! fact t its s]vitude spr+s f numb]s4 ,seldom1 h[ev]1 has x appli$ its k logically & ?or\ghly4 ,! basic pr9ciple ( craft unionism is limitation ( ! numb] ( work]s 9 a giv5 trade4 ,?is has be5 labor's mo/ frequ5t exp$i5t = right+ its wrongs4 ,e unioni/ kn[s1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 t if t numb] is kept small en\gh1 8 organization c compel increases ( wages1 /eady employm5t & dec5t work+ conditions4 ,craft unionism has succe$$ 9 atta9+ ^! ins(> z x has be5 able to apply ?is pr9ciple4 ,x has fail$ ins(> z x has be5 unable to apply x4 ,! weakness ( craft unionism is t x does n c>ry its pr9ciple f> en\gh4 ,x applies its policy ( limitation ( numb]s only to ! trade4 ,9 8 home1 ! work]1 :e!r he is a unioni/ or non-unioni/1 goes on produc+ l>ge numb]s ( *ildr5 to compete ) him ev5tually 9 ! labor m>ket4 ,! hi/ory ( labor1 says ,t]esa ,bill+ton-,greig 9 ! ,common ,s5se ( ,! ,population ,"q1 is ! hi/ory ( an ev] unsuccessful ef=t ^u ! "p ( man to br+ 8 productive ability z a work] up to 8 reproductive ability4 ,x has be5 a los+ battle all ! way4 ,! small p]c5tage ( highly skill$1 organiz$ work]s lead 9 ! /ruggle = bett] conditions4 ,craft unions1 by limit+ ! numb] ( m5 available = any "o trade1 manage to procure bett] pay1 %ort] h\rs & o!r advantages = _! memb]s4 ,disa/]1 9 ! =m ( fam9e1 pe/il5ce1 tidal waves1 e>?quakes or w>1 sometimes limits ! numb] ( available work]s4 ,!n ^? :o live 9 p>ts ( ! _w t are n affect$1 or :o /ay at home dur+ w>s1 reap a tempor>y advantage4 ,^! advantages1 h[ev]1 are quickly (fset by increas$ prices1 or by competition = jobs :5 soldi]s return f w>4 ,?is =m ( limitation ( numb]s works to ! advantage ( labor z long z x is available1 b great disa/]s are n con/antly 9 op]ation :ile ! work]'s reproductive ability is4 ,s 9 a few ye>s !y h lo/ :at nature's de/ructiv5ess won = !m4 ,! great mass ( ! work]s--includ+ *ildr5 & wom5--are unskill$ & unorganiz$4 ,n only t1 !y are = "s consid]able "p ( ! "t seek+ employm5t4 ,!y are1 ( c\rse1 poorly paid4 ,?us1 ?r\gh _! l[ wages & _! seek+ ( employm5t1 !y always come into direct competition ) "o ano!r & ) ! skill$ & organiz$ workm54 ,z _! families live 9 want & are (t5 diseas$1 !y create ! *ief social problems ( ! day4 ,!y br+ *ildr5 into ! _w z fa/ z wom5 c be> !m4 ,) ea* *ild !y increase _! own mis]y & provide ano!r work] to =ce d[n wages & prolong h\rs1 ?r\gh competition = employm5t4 ,?is has be5 ! way ( labor f ! beg9n+4 ,x is labor's way 9 e c\ntry4 ,hav+ discov]$ t !re is no relief 9 legislation1 labor organizes to limit its numb]s 9 c]ta9 trades4 ,mean:ile ! wom5 ( ! work+ class g on bre$+ m work]s to wipe out 9 ! future ! advantages ga9$ = ! pres5t4 ,9 ,p>is1 = in/ance1 ! prolet>ian qu>t]s ( ! city %[ a bir? rate m ?an ?ree times z high z ! bir? rate 9 ! well-to-d sections4 ,dr4 ,jacques ,b>tillon furni%es u ) /ati/ics :i* prove t ! bir? rate 9 any qu>t] ( ,p>is is 9 inv]se ratio to its degree ( afflu5ce1 says ,g4 ,h>dy 9 ,h[ to ,prev5t ,pregnancy4 ,! ri* ,*amps-,elysees has a bir? rate a ?ird ( t ,bell]ville or ( ! ,buttes-,*aumont4 ,f #a1jjj wom5 f ! age ( fifte5 to fifty1 ,m5imontant gives #aaf bir?s2 ! ,*amps-,elysees ?irty-f\r bir?s4 ,x is ! same 9 ,b]l94 ,= #a1jjj wom5 f ! age ( fifte5 to t ( fifty1 a v poor qu>t] gives #aeg bir?s2 a ri* qu>t] gives #dg bir?s4 ,& s x is ! _w ov]4 ,! v ^w prolet>ian1 z ,h>dy po9ts out1 means produc] ( *ildr54 ,! *ildr5 ?us c>elessly produc$ und]m9e ! heal? ( ! "m1 deep5 ! family's pov]ty1 de/roy ! happ9ess ( ! home1 & di%e>t5 ! fa!r2 all ?is 9 addition to be+ future competitors 9 ! labor m>ket4 ,too (t5 _! increas+ numb] drives ! "m h]self into indu/ry1 :]e h] begg>ly wages t5d to l[] ! level ( ^? ( h] husb&4 ,! fir/ sick5+ feature ( ?is g5]al situation is ! high infant mortality among ! *ildr5 ( ! work]s4 ,_m *ildr5 come m]ely to sap ! /r5g? ( ! "m1 suff] & die1 leav+ to %[ = _! com+ & go+ only an increas$ burd5 ( sorr[ & debt4 ,! l[] ! family income1 ! m ( ^! babies die be=e !y are a ye> old4 ,a survey ( infant mortality 9 ,john/[n1 ,pa41 by ! f$]al ,*ildr5's ,bureau1 gave ^! typical results = ! ye> #aiaa3 ,infant ,mortality ,fa!r's ,e>n+s ,rate ,"u #eba444444444444444444 #aig4c #eba to #fbd4444444444444444 #aic4a #fbe to #ggi4444444444444444 #afc4a #ghj to #hii4444444444444444 #afh4d #ijj to #a1aii44444444444444 #adb4c #a1bjj or ov]44444444444444 #ajb4 ,ample444444444444444444444444 #hh4 ,^! figures d n repres5t ! total income ( all families4 ,nei!r w money buy z mu* 9 #aibj z x did 9 #aiaa4 ,sev5ty p] c5t ( ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates h incomes ( less ?an #a1jjj4 ,?is means t f #adb to #aig *ildr5 born into su* families die be=e !y are "o ye> old4 ,! bir?s & dea?s ( ^! *ildr5 repres5t j s mu* useless burd5 ( angui% & sorr[ to ! work]s4 ,despite ?is high infant dea? rate1 ! work]s ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates /ill h m *ildr5 ?an !y c c>e =4 ,!re are en\gh ( !m left ov] to provide #c1jjj1jjj *ild labor]s1 :o by work+ = a pittance cr[d _! p>5ts out ( employm5t & =ce ! families deep] into pov]ty4 ,:5 all is said & done1 ! work]s :o produce l>ge families h !mselves to blame = ! hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( unemploy$ grasp+ = jobs1 = ! /rike break]s1 = ! policem5 :o beat up & arre/ /rik]s & = ! soldi]s :o %oot /rik]s d[n4 ,all ^! come f ! families ( work+m54 ,_! fa!rs & mo!rs are work]s = wages4 ,out ( ! lo9s ( labor !y come into ! _w & compel surplus labor to betray labor t is employ$4 ,nor is ?is all4 ,:5 a workman ( sup]ior /r5g? & skill1 protect$ by 8 union1 manages to ma9ta9 a l>ge or mod]ate siz$ family 9 a degree ( com=t1 !re always comes a "t :5 he mu/ /rike to pres]ve :at he has won4 ,if he is n beat5 by unorganiz$ work]s :o seek 8 job1 he /ill has to face ! possibility ( li/5+ to ! cries ( sev]al hungry *ildr54 ,if ! /rike is a long "o1 ^! cries (t5 d[n ! prompt+s ( loyalty & class int]e/--(t5 !y defeat him :5 no?+ else c\ld4 ,is x any wond] t "u h&icaps l ^! labor becomes confus$ & fl\nd]s8 ,x has be5 (f]$ a multitude ( rem$ies--political re=ms1 wage legislation1 /atutory regulation ( h\rs1 & s on4 ,x has be5 invit$ to embrace craft & indu/rial unionism1 syndicalism1 an>*ism1 socialism z panaceas = its lib]ation4 ,except 9 a few c\ntries1 x has n atta9$ to aggressive p[]1 b has be5 a tool = unscrupul\s politicians4 ,ev5 ) ! tempor>y advantages ga9$ by ! wip+ out ( millions ( work]s 9 ! ,great ,w>1 labor's problem rema9s unsolv$4 ,x has n[1 z always1 to cont5d ) ! crop ( "y labor]s com+ into ! m>ket1 & ) ! ev]-pres5t labor-sav+ ma*9e :i*1 in/ead ( reliev+ ! work]'s situation1 makes x all ! h>d] = him to escape4 ,few] labor]s are ne$$ to-day = a giv5 am\nt ( production & di/ribution ?an be=e ! inv5tion ( ^! ma*9es4 ,yet1 ow+ to ! increase 9 ! numb] ( ! work]s1 labor f9ds itself enslav$ in/ead ( lib]at$ by ! ma*9e4 ,hi!rto1 says ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 x is que/ionable if all ! me*anical inv5tions yet made h light5$ ! day's toil ( any human be+4 ,!y h enabl$ a great] population to live ! same life ( drudg]y & imprisonm5t1 & an increas$ numb] ( manufactur]s & o!rs to make =tunes4 ,t1 9 a few words1 sums up ! great] "p ( labor's progress4 ,we blame capitalism & its wa/eful1 brutal indu/rial sy/em = all our social problems1 b our numb]s 7 va/ & our bondage griev\s be=e mod]n indu/ry came into exi/5ce4 ,we may curse ! tru/s1 b our subjection 0 accompli%$ be=e ! tru/s _h em]g$ f ! bra9 ( evolution4 ,we may blame public (ficials & individual employ]s1 b our burd5s 7 cru%+ be=e ^! 7 born4 ,we look n[ "h1 n[ !re1 = ! cause ( our condition--ev]y:]e b at ! "o to blame4 ,we fight aga9 & aga9 = our rights1 only to be conqu]$ by our own k9d1 our own *ildr51 our bro!r's1 our neighbor's4 ,let u c>ry to its logical conclusion ! pr9ciple ( limitation :i* has be5 p>tially appli$ by labor unions4 ,! way to get rid ( labor problems1 unemploym5t1 l[ wages1 ! surplus1 unwant$ population1 is to /op bre$+4 ,!y come f our own ranks--f our own families4 ,! way to get bett] wages1 %ort] h\rs1 a new sy/em = ! advancem5t ( labor1 is to make labor's numb]s few]4 ,let u n wait = w>1 fam9e & plague to d x4 ,let u cease br++ unwant$ *ildr5 into ! _w to suff] a :ile1 add to our burd5s & die4 ,let u cease br++ o!rs into ! _w to compete ) u = a liv+4 ,let ! wom5 work]s practice bir? control4 ,:at are ! concrete ?+s :i* ! work] c ga9 at once ?r\gh bir? control8 ,fir/1 a small family c live mu* bett] ?an a l>ge "o ^u ! wages n[ receiv$4 ,work]s c\ld be bett] f$1 clo!d & educat$4 ,aga91 few] *ildr5 9 ! families ( ! work]s w\ld t5d to *eck ! rise 9 ! prices ( food1 :i* are =c$ up z ! dem& increases4 ,)9 a few ye>s x w\ld r$uce ! numb] ( work]s compet+ = jobs4 ,! work] c\ld ! m easily =ce society to give him m ( ! product ( 8 labor--or all ( x4 ,& :ile ^! ?+s are tak+ place1 ! slums1 ) _! disease1 _! moral degradation & all _! sordid accompanim5ts1 w\ld automatically disappe>4 ,no work] w\ld ne$ to live 9 su* t5em5ts--h5ce !y w\ld be mod]niz$ or torn d[n4 ,at ! same "t1 ! few *ildr5 t 7 be+ born to ! work]s w\ld be /rong]1 heal?i]1 m c\rage\s4 ,!y w\ld be fit human be+s--n mis]able victims ( murd]\s conditions4 ,bir? control does n propose to replace any ( ! ideali/ic movem5ts & philosophies ( ! work]s4 ,x is n a sub/itute1 x prec$es4 ,x is ( itself a pr9ciple t lifts ! heavie/ ( ! burd5s t afflict labor4 ,x c & x mu/ be ! f\ndation ^u :i* any p]man5tly successful improvem5t 9 conditions is atta9$4 ,x is1 !re=e1 a necess>y prelude 9 all effective propag&a4 ,a few ye>s ( sy/ematic agitation = bir? control w\ld put labor 9 a position to solve all its problems4 ,labor1 organiz$ or unorganiz$1 mu/ take he$ ( ?is fact4 ,gr\ps & p>ties work+ = a new social ord] mu/ include x 9 _! programmes4 ,no social sy/em1 no work]s' democracy1 no ,sociali/ republic c op]ate successfully & ma9ta9 its ideals unless ! practice ( bir? control is enc\rag$ to a m>k$ & effici5t degree4 ,9 ,spa9 ,i saw a bull fight4 ,x 0 9 ! great ar5a at ,b>celona4 ,z bull aft] bull w5t d[n1 8 magnific5t1 defeat$ /r5g? ble$+ away ?r\gh w\nds inflict$ by 8 weak b skillful assailant1 ,i ?\ght ( ! _w ( work]s & _! oppressors4 ,z ea* bull 0 s5t into ! ar5a1 he 0 confront$ by "o assailant & tw5ty confus]s4 ,!re 0 b "o enemy = him to face1 b !re 7 tw5ty brilliant flags1 ea* ( a diff]5t color1 to di/ract 8 att5tion f ! man :o held ! weapon4 ,no soon] 0 8 real antagoni/ 9 dang]1 ?an "o ( ! confus]s flutt]$ a flag be=e 8 ang]-madd5$ eyes4 ,) "o toss ( 8 horns he c\ld h ripp$ ! life f ! toreador1 b 8 confus]s 7 always !re ) ! flags4 ,"o aft] ano!r he *>g$ !m1 only to sp5d ! =ce ( 8 lunges 9 ! empty air4 ,he f\nd t z he 0 ab\t to toss "o ( 8 confus]s into ! air1 he 0 confront$ by ano!r flag1 :i* he *>g$ ) equal futility4 ,f9ally1 utt]ly bewild]$ & exhau/$1 too spiritless to meet ! attack1 he falls "u ! sword ?ru/ ( ! toreador4 ,& ! sun %9es 9 ! deep blue ov]head1 ! b& plays1 ! t5 ?\s& gayly-clad spectators %\t1 :ile ! victim is dragg$ out to make room = ano!r4 ,x is ! drama ( labor4 ,x w be ! drama ( labor until labor f9ds its real enemy4 ,t enemy is ! reproductive ability ( ! work+ class :i* gluts ! *annels ( progress ) ! helpless & weak1 & /imulates ! tyrants ( ! _w 9 _! oppression ( mank9d4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii ,,battalions ,,( ,,unwant$ ,,babies ,,! ,,cause ,,( ,,w> ,9 e nation ( milit>i/ic t5d5cies we f9d ! reaction>ies dem&+ a high] & /ill high] bir? rate4 ,_! plea is1 fir/1 t great armies are ne$$ to def5d ! c\ntry f its possible enemies2 second1 t a huge population is requir$ to assure ! c\ntry its prop] place among ! p[]s ( ! _w4 ,at bottom ! two pleas are ! same4 ,z soon z ! c\ntry becomes ov]populat$1 ^! reaction>ies proclaim l\dly its moral "r to exp&4 ,!y po9t to ! huge population1 :i* 9 ! "n ( patriotism !y h previ\sly dem&$ %\ld be br\ght into be+4 ,aga9 plead+ patriotism1 !y decl>e t x is ! moral "r ( ! nation to take by =ce su* room z x ne$s4 ,!n comes w>--usually aga9/ "s nation suppos$ to be less well prep>$ ?an ! aggressor4 ,diplomats make x _! bus9ess to conceal ! facts1 & politicians viol5tly d5\nce ! politicians ( o!r c\ntries4 ,!re is a long beat+ ( tom-toms by ! press & all o!r ag5cies = influ5c+ public op9ion4 ,facts are di/ort$ & lies inv5t$ until ! common p _c get at ! tru?4 ,yet1 :5 ! w> is ov]1 if n be=e1 we always f9d t a place 9 ! sun1 a pa? to ! sea1 a r\te to ,india or some?+ ( ! sort is at ! bottom ( ! tr\ble4 ,^! are m]ely o!r names = expansion4 ,! ne$ ( expansion is only ano!r "n = ov]population4 ,"o supreme example is suffici5t to drive home ?is tru?4 ,t ! ,great ,w>1 f ! horror ( :i* we are j beg9n+ to em]ge1 _h its s\rce 9 ov]population is too evid5t to be d5i$ by any s]i\s /ud5t ( curr5t hi/ory4 ,= ! pa/ "o hundr$ ye>s mo/ ( ! nations ( ,europe h be5 pil+ up t]rific debts to humanity by ! enc\ragem5t ( unlimit$ numb]s4 ,! rul]s ( ^! nations & _! milit>i/s h con/antly call$ ^u ! p to bre$1 bre$1 bre$6 ,l>ge populations meant m p to produce weal?1 m p to pay taxes1 m trade = ! m]*ants1 m soldi]s to protect ! weal?4 ,b m p also meant ne$ ( great] food supplies1 an urg5t & natural ne$ = expansion4 ,z %[n by ,c4,v4 ,drysdale's fam\s ,w> ,map ( ,europe1 ! great conflict began among ! high bir? rate c\ntries--,g]many1 ) its rate ( #ca4g1 ,au/ria-,hung>y ) #cc4g & #cf4g1 respectively1 ,russia ) #de4d1 ,s]bia ) #ch4f4 ,italy ) h] #ch4g came 91 z ! _w is n[ well in=m$ ?r\gh ! publication ( secret treaties by ! ,soviet gov]nm5t ( ,russia1 ^u ! promise ( t]ritory held by ,au/ria4 ,engl&1 ow+ to h] small home area1 is cramp$ ) h] comp>atively l[ bir? rate ( #bf4c4 ,france1 among ! bellig]5ts1 is conspicu\s = h] l[ bir? rate ( #ai4i1 b /ood 9 ! way ( expansion ( high bir? rate ,g]many4 ,ne>ly all ( ! p]si/5tly neutral c\ntries--,holl&1 ,d5m>k1 ,norway1 ,sw$5 & ,switz]l& h l[ bir? rates1 ! av]age be+ a little ov] #bf4 ,ow+ to ! "p ,g]many play$ 9 ! w>1 a survey ( h] bir? /ati/ics is decid$ly illum9at+4 ,! increase 9 ! ,g]man bir? rate up to #ahgf 0 great4 ,?\gh x began to decl9e !n1 ! decl9e 0 n suffici5t to (fset ! trem5d\s increase ( ! previ\s ye>s4 ,!re 7 m millions to produce *ildr51 s :ile ! av]age numb] ( bir?s p] ?\s& 0 some:at small]1 ! net increase 9 population 0 /ill huge4 ,f #da1jjj1jjj 9 #ahga1 ! ye> ! ,empire 0 f\nd$1 ! ,g]man population grew to approximately #fg1jjj1jjj 9 #aiah4 ,mean:ile h] food supply increas$ only a v small p] c5t4 ,9 #aiaj1 ,russia _h a bir? rate ev5 high] ?an ,g]many's _h ev] be5--a little less ?an #dh p] ?\s&4 ,:5 cz>i/ ,russia want$ an outlet to ! ,m$it]ranean by way ( ,con/ant9ople1 %e 0 ?9k+ ( h] increas+ population4 ,g]many 0 ?9k+ ( h] increas+ population :5 %e spoke z ) "o voice ( a place 9 ! sun4 ,= "s decades1 said ! ,royal ,prussian ,j\rnal1 9 an article quot$ by ! ,mal?usian 7,london7 ( ,april #ae1 #aiaa1 ! great gr[? ( ,g]man population has be5 almo/ entirely =c$ into ! t[ns1 s9ce ( ! f\r millions ( increase 9 five ye>s1 only a few c f9d places 9 agriculture1 z mo/ prop]ties are too small to p]mit ( lett+ (f a portion4 ,& z reg>ds ! l>g] f>ms1 ! t5d5cy ( mod]n1 *eap] ma*9e me?ods is r to produce a sav+ ( ! m co/ly manual labor4 ,= "s "t pa/ ,g]many has no long] be5 9 ! position ( fe$+ h] own population1 & l>ge quantities ( food z raw-mat]ials h to be import$1 = :i* exports h to be ex*ang$4 ,x is d\btful :e!r ev5 ?is c = long keep pace ) ! pres5t rate ( increase ( population4 ,!re 7 o!r utt]ances :i* j z frankly ackn[l$g$ t1 hav+ produc$ surplus population1 ,g]many propos$ to procure by means ( w> ! expansion necess>y to c>e = x4 ,adelyne ,m1 9 ,uncontroll$ ,bre$+1 a /udy ( ! bir? rate 9 its relation to w>1 quot$ ! ,b]l9] ,po/3 ,c a great & rapidly gr[+ nation l ,g]many always r5\nce all claims to fur!r developm5t or to ! expansion ( its political p[]8 ,! f9al settlem5t ) ,france & ,engl&1 ! expansion ( our colonial possessions1 9 ord] to create new ,g]man homes = ! ov]fl[ ( our population--^! are problems :i* mu/ be fac$ 9 ! ne> future4 ,?is 0 publi%$ 9 #aiac4 ,j z frank 0 ! recognition ( ! true cause ( int]national conflicts by a numb] ( ,briti% au?orities4 ,9 ,uncontroll$ ,bre$+1 ! au?or quotes ! ,briti% ,national ,commission's report on ,! ,decl9+ ,bir? ,rate3 ,! pressure ( population 9 any c\ntry br+s1 z a *ief hi/oric consequ5ce1 ov]fl[s & migrations n only = peaceful settlem5t1 b = conque/ & = ! subjugation & exploitation ( weak] peoples4 ,?is always rema9s a *ief cause ( int]national disputes4 ,! milit>i/ic claim = ,g]many's "r to new t]ritory 0 simply a claim to ! "r ( life & food = ! ,g]man babies--! same "r t a *ick claims to bur/ its %ell4 ,if !re _h n be5 o!r millions ( p claim+ ! same "r1 !re w\ld h be5 no w>4 ,b !re 7 o!r millions4 ,! ,g]man rul]s & lead]s po9t$ out ! fact t expansion meant m bus9ess = ,g]man m]*ants1 m "w = ,g]man workm5 at bett] wages1 & m opportunities = ,g]mans abroad4 ,!y also po9t$ out t lack ( expansion meant cr[d+ & cru%+ at home1 h>d times1 heavy burd5s1 lack ( opportunity = ,g]mans1 & :at n4 ,9 ?is way1 !y gave ! p ( ! ,empire a />tl+ & true picture ( :at w\ld happ5 f ov]cr[d+4 ,once !y realiz$ ! facts1 ! majority ( ,g]mans naturally welcom$ ! s-call$ w> ( def5se4 ,! argum5t 0 s\nd4 ,once ! ,g]man mo!rs _h submitt$ to ! plea = ov]bre$+1 x 0 inevitable t imp]iali/ic ,g]many %\ld make w>4 ,once ! battalions ( unwant$ babies came into exi/5ce--babies :om ! mo!rs did n want b :i* !y bore z a patriotic duty--x 0 too late to avoid int]national conflict4 ,! great crime ( imp]iali/ic ,g]many 0 its high bir? rate4 ,x has always be5 s4 ,beh9d all w> has be5 ! pressure ( population4 ,hi/orians1 says ,huxley1 po9t to ! gre$ & ambition ( rul]s1 ! reckless turbul5ce ( ! rul$1 to ! debas+ effects ( weal? & luxury1 & to ! deva/at+ w>s :i* h =m$ a great "p ( ! occupation ( mank9d1 z ! causes ( ! decay ( /ates & ! f\nd]+ ( old civilizations1 & !reby po9t _! /ory ) a moral4 ,b b5ea? all ?is sup]ficial turmoil lay ! deep-seat$ impulse giv5 by unlimit$ multiplication4 ,rob]t ,?omas ,mal?us1 =mulator ( ! doctr9e :i* be>s 8 "n1 po9t$ out1 9 ! clos+ ye>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 ! relation ( ov]population to w>4 ,he %[$ t mank9d t5ds to increase fa/] ?an ! food supply4 ,he demon/rat$ t 7 x n = ! m common diseases1 = plague1 fam9e1 floods & w>s1 human be+s w\ld cr[d ea* o!r to su* an ext5t t ! mis]y w\ld be ev5 great] ?an x n[ is4 ,^! he describ$ z natural *ecks1 po9t+ out t z long z no o!r *ecks are employ$1 su* disa/]s are unavoidable4 ,if we d n ex]cise suffici5t judgm5t to regulate ! bir? rate1 we enc\nt] disease1 />vation & w>4 ,bo? ,d>w9 & ,john ,/u>t ,mill recogniz$1 by inf]5ce at lea/1 ! fact t s-call$ natural *ecks--& among !m w>--w op]ate if "s sort ( limitation is n employ$4 ,9 8 ,orig9 ( ,species1 ,d>w9 says3 ,!re is no exception to ! rule t e organic be+ naturally increases at s high a rate1 if n de/roy$1 t ! e>? w\ld soon be cov]$ by ! prog5y ( a s+le pair4 ,else:]e he obs]ves t we d n p]mit helpless human be+s to die (f1 b we create philan?ropies & *>ities1 build asylums & hospitals & keep ! m$ical pr(ession busy pres]v+ ^? :o c\ld n o!rwise survive4 ,john ,/u>t ,mill1 support+ ! views ( ,mal?us1 speaks to exactly ! same effect 9 reg>d to ! multiply+ p[] ( organic be+s1 among !m humanity4 ,9 o!r words1 let c\ntries become ov]populat$ & w> is inevitable4 ,x foll[s z daylight foll[s ! sunrise4 ,:5 ,*>les ,bradlaugh & ,mrs4 ,annie ,besant 7 on trial 9 ,engl& 9 #ahgg = publi%+ in=mation conc]n+ contraceptives1 ,mrs4 ,besant put ! case bluntly to ! c\rt & ! jury3 ,i h no d\bt t if natural *ecks 7 all[$ to op]ate "r ?r\gh ! human z !y d 9 ! animal _w1 a bett] result w\ld foll[4 ,among ! brutes1 ! weak] are driv5 to ! wall1 ! diseas$ fall out 9 ! race ( life4 ,! old brutes1 :5 feeble or sickly1 are kill$4 ,if m5 insi/$ t ^? :o 7 sickly %\ld be all[$ to die )\t help ( m$ic9e or sci5ce1 if ^? :o are weak 7 put ^u "o side & cru%$1 if ^? :o 7 old & useless 7 kill$1 if ^? :o 7 n capable ( provid+ food = !mselves 7 all[$ to />ve1 if all ?is 7 done1 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce among m5 w\ld be z real z x is among brutes & w\ld d\btless result 9 ! production ( a high] race ( m54 ,b are y will+ to d t or to all[ x to be done8 ,we are n will+ to let x be done4 ,"m he>ts cl+ to *ildr51 no matt] h[ diseas$1 mis%ap5 & mis]able4 ,sons & daught]s hold fa/ to p>5ts1 no matt] h[ helpless4 ,we d n all[ ! weak to dep>t2 nei!r d we cease to br+ m weak & helpless be+s into ! _w4 ,among ! dire results is w>1 :i* kills (f1 n ! weak & ! helpless1 b ! /rong & ! fit4 ,:at %all be done8 ,we h our *oice ( "o ( ?ree policies4 ,we may ab&on our sci5ce & leave ! weak & diseas$ to die1 or kill !m1 z ! brutes d4 ,or we may g on ov]populat+ ! e>? & h our fam9es & our w>s :ile ! e>? exi/s4 ,or we c accept ! ?ird1 sane1 s5sible1 moral & practicable plan ( bir? control4 ,we c refuse to br+ weak1 ! helpless & ! unwant$ *ildr5 into ! _w4 ,we c refuse to ov]cr[d families1 nations & ! e>?4 ,!re are ^! ways to meet ! situation1 & only ^! ?ree ways4 ,! _w w nev] ab&on its prev5tive & curative sci5ce2 x may be expect$ to elevate & ext5d x beyond our pres5t imag9ation4 ,! ef=ts to d away ) fam9e & ! opposition to w> are gr[+ by leaps & b\nds4 ,^u ^! ef=ts are l>gely bas$ our mod]n social revolutions4 ,!re rema9s only ! ?ird exp$i5t--bir? control1 ! real cure = w>4 ,?is fact 0 call$ to ! att5tion ( ! ,peace ,conf]5ce 9 ,p>is1 9 #aiai1 by ! ,mal?usian ,league1 :i* adopt$ ! foll[+ resolution at its annual g5]al meet+ 9 ,london 9 ,june ( t ye>3 ,! ,mal?usian ,league desires to po9t out t ! propos$ s*eme = ! ,league ( ,nations has neglect$ to take acc\nt ( ! important que/ions ( ! pressure ( population1 :i* causes ! great int]national economic competition & rivalry1 & ( ! increase ( population1 :i* is put =w>d z a ju/ification = claim+ increase ( t]ritory4 ,x1 !re=e1 wi%es to put on record its belief t ! ,league ( ,nations w only be able to fulfill its aim :5 x adds a clause to ! foll[+ effect3 ',t ea* ,nation desir+ to ent] into ! ,league ( ,nations %all pl$ge itself s to re/rict its bir? rate t its p %all be able to live 9 com=t 9 _! own dom9ions )\t ne$ = t]ritorial expansion1 & t x %all recognize t increase ( population %all n ju/ify a dem& ei!r = increase ( t]ritory or = ! compulsion ( o!r ,nations to admit its emigrants2 s t :5 all ,nations 9 ! ,league h %[n _! ability to live on _! own res\rces )\t int]national rivalry1 !y w be 9 a position to fuse into an int]national f$]ation1 & t]ritorial b\nd>ies w !n h little significance4' ,z a matt] ( c\rse1 ! ,peace ,conf]5ce paid no att5tion to ! resolution1 =1 z po9t$ out by ,frank ,a4 ,v&]lip1 ! ,am]ican f9anci]1 t conf]5ce n only ignor$ ! economic factors ( ! _w situation1 b seem$ unaw>e t ,europe _h produc$ m p ?an its fields c\ld fe$4 ,s ! resolution am\nt$ to s mu* propag&a & no?+ m4 ,?is rem$y c be appli$ only by woman & %e w apply x4 ,%e mu/ & w see pa/ ! call ( pret5d$ patriotism & ( glory ( empire & p]ceive :at is true & :at is false 9 ^! ?+s4 ,%e w discov] :at base uses ! milit>i/ & ! exploit] make ( ! idealism ( peoples4 ,"u ! clamor ( ! press1 p]meat+ ! rav+s ( ! j+oes1 %e w he> ! voice ( ,napoleon1 ! ar*type ( ! milit>i/s ( all nations1 call+ = fodd] = cannon4 ,woman is giv5 to u t %e may be> *ildr51 said he4 ,woman is our prop]ty1 we are n h]s1 because %e produces *ildr5 = u--we d n yield any to h]4 ,%e is1 !re=e1 our possession z ! fruit tree is t ( ! g>d5]4 ,t is :at ! imp]iali/ is ?9k+ :5 he speaks ( ! glory ( ! empire & ! pre/ige ( ! nation4 ,e c\ntry has its appeal--its %ibbole?--ready = ! lips ( ! imp]iali/4 ,g]man rul]s po9t$ to ! com=t ( ! work]s1 to old-age p5sions1 mat]nal b5efits & m9imum wage regulations1 & o!r mat]ial b5efits1 :5 !y wi%$ to inspire soldi]s = ! ,fa!rl&4 ,engl&'s /ronge/ argum5t1 p]haps1 0 a c]ta9 phase ( lib]ty :i* %e gu>antees h] subjects1 & ! protection af=d$ !m :]ev] !y may g4 ,france & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 too1 h _! appeals to ! idealism ( democracy--appeals :i* ! politicians ( bo? c\ntries "k well h[ to use1 ?\gh ! peoples ( bo? l&s are beg9n+ to awake to ! fact t _! c\ntries h be5 liv+ on ! glories ( _! revolutions & traditions1 r ?an ! sub/ance ( fre$om4 ,beh9d ! boa/ ( old-age p5sions1 mat]ial b5efits & wage regulations1 beh9d ! bomba/ conc]n+ lib]ty 9 ?is c\ntry & tyranny 9 t1 beh9d all ! slogans & %ibbole?s co9$ out ( ! ideals ( ! peoples = ! uses ( imp]ialism1 woman mu/ & w see ! iron h& ( t same imp]ialism1 condemn+ wom5 to bre$ & m5 to die = ! w ( ! rul]s4 ,^u woman ! burd5 & ! horrors ( w> are heavie/4 ,h] he>t is ! h>de/ wrung :5 ! husb& or ! son comes home to be buri$ or to live a %att]$ wreck4 ,^u h] devolve ! extra tasks ( fill+ out ! ranks ( work]s 9 ! w> indu/ries1 9 addition to c>+ = ! *ildr5 & repl5i%+ ! w>-dim9i%$ population4 ,h]s is ! cru%+ weight & ! sick5+ ( s\l4 ,& x is out ( h] womb t ^? ?+s proce$4 ,:5 %e sees :at lies beh9d ! glory & ! horror1 ! boa/+ & ! burd51 & gets ! vision1 ! human p]spective1 %e w end w>4 ,%e w kill w> by ! simple process ( />v+ x to dea?4 ,= %e w refuse long] to produce ! human food ^u :i* ! mon/] fe$s4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv ,,woman ,,& ,,! ,,new ,,morality ,^u ! %\ld]s ( ! woman consci\s ( h] fre$om re/s ! responsibility ( creat+ a new sex morality4 ,! vital diff]5ce betwe5 a morality ?us creat$ by wom5 & ! s-call$ morality ( to-day1 is t ! new /&>d w be bas$ ^u k & fre$om :ile ! old is f\nd$ ^u ignorance & submission4 ,:at "p w bir? control play 9 br++ =? ?is new /&>d8 ,:at effect w its practice h ^u woman's moral developm5t8 ,w x lift h] to heights t %e has n yet a*iev$1 & if s1 h[8 ,:y is ! "q ( morality always rais$ by ! objector to bir? control8 ,all ^! que/ions mu/ be answ]$ if we are to get a true picture ( ! relation ( ! fem99e _s to morals4 ,!y c be/ be answ]$ by consid]+1 fir/1 ! s\rce ( our pres5t /&>d ( sex morals & ! reasons :y ^? /&>ds are :at !y are2 &1 second1 ! s\rce & probable nature ( ! new morality4 ,we get mo/ ( our notions ( sex morality f ! ,*ri/ian *ur*--m p>ticul>ly f ! olde/ exi/+ ,*ri/ian *ur*1 kn[n z ! ,roman ,ca?olic4 ,! *ur* has g5]ally def9$ ! immoral woman z "o :o mates out ( w$lock4 ,virtually1 x lets x g at t4 ,9 its practical work+s1 !re is no?+ 9 ! *ur* code ( morals to protect ! woman1 ei!r f unwill+ submission to ! wi%es ( h] husb&1 f undesir$ pregnancy1 nor f any o!r ( ! outrages only too famili> to _m m>ri$ wom54 ,no?+ is said ab\t ! crime ( br++ an unwant$ *ild into ! _w1 :]e (t5 x _c be adequately c>$ = & is1 !re=e1 condemn$ to a life ( mis]y4 ,! *ur*'s "o po9t ( insi/5ce is ^u ! "r ( itself to legalize m>riage & to compel ! woman to submit to :atev] su* m>riage may br+4 ,x is true t !re are rem$ies ( divorce 9 ! case ( ! /ate1 b ! *ur* has adh]$ /rictly to ! pr9ciple t m>riage1 once consummat$1 is indissoluble4 ,?us1 9 its op]ation1 ! *ur*'s code ( sex morals has no?+ to d ) ! basic sex rights ( ! woman1 b en=ces1 r1 ! assum$ prop]ty rights ( ! man to ! body & ! s]vices ( 8 wife4 ,!y are man-made codes2 _! vital factor1 z !y apply to woman1 is submission to ! man4 ,closely associat$ ) & und]ly+ ! pr9ciple ( submission1 has be5 ! doctr9e t ! sex life is 9 itself unclean4 ,x foll[s1 !re=e1 t all k ( ! sex physiology or sex functions is also unclean & taboo4 ,^u ?is tea*+ has be5 f\nd$ woman's subjection by ! *ur* &1 l>gely ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! *ur*1 h] subjection by ! /ate to ! ne$s ( ! man4 ,let u see h[ ^! pr9ciples h affect$ ! developm5t ( ! pres5t moral codes & "s ( _! %ift+ /&>ds4 ,:5 we h f9i%$ ?is analysis1 we %all "k :y objectors to bir? control raise ! morality "q4 ,! *ur* has s\ght to keep wom5 ignorant ^u ! plea ( keep+ !m pure4 ,to ?is end x has us$ ! /ate z its moral policeman4 ,m5 h l>gely brok5 ! grip ( ! ecclesia/ics ^u mascul9e education4 ,! ban ^u geology & a/ronomy1 because !y refute ! biblical v]sion ( ! creation ( ! _w1 are no long] effective4 ,m$ic9e1 biology & ! doctr9e ( evolution h won _! way to recognition 9 spite ( ! unit$ opposition ( ! cl]ics4 ,s1 too1 has ! "r ( woman to g unveil$1 to be educat$1 & to speak f public plat=ms1 be5 ass]t$ 9 spite ( ! condemnations ( ! *ur*1 :i* d5\nc$ !m z de/ructive ( fem99e purity4 ,only 9 sex matt]s has x succe$$ 9 keep+ ! bugaboo alive4 ,x cl+s to ?is la/ /ronghold ( ignorance1 kn[+ t woman free f sexual dom9ation w\ld produce a race spiritually free & /rong en\gh to break ! la/ ( ! bonds ( intellectual d>kness4 ,x is )9 ! m>riage bonds1 r ?an outside !m1 t ! greate/ immorality ( m5 has be5 p]petrat$4 ,*ur* & /ate1 ?r\gh _! canons & _! laws1 h enc\rag$ ?is immorality4 ,x is "h t ! woman :o is to w9 h] way to ! new morality w meet ! mo/ difficult "p ( h] task ( moral h\se clean+4 ,9 ! days :5 ! *ur* 0 /riv+ = supremacy1 :5 x ne$$ s+le-m9d$ prea*]s1 proselyt]s & tea*]s1 x fa/5$ ^u its p ! idea t all sexual union1 9 m>riage or out ( x1 is s9ful4 ,t idea colors ! doctr9es ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome & _m o!r ,*ri/ian d5om9ations to ?is h\r4 ,m>riage1 ev5 = ! sake ( *ildr5 0 a c>nal indulg5ce 9 e>li] times1 z ,pr9cipal ,donaldson po9ts out 9 ,! ,position ( ,wom5 ,among ! ,e>ly ,*ri/ians4 ,footnote3 ,contempor>y ,review1 #ahhi4 ,x 0 held t ! *ild 0 conceiv$ 9 s91 & t z ! result ( ! sex act1 an unclean _s _h possession ( x4 ,?is _s c be remov$ only by baptism1 & ! ,roman ,ca?olic baptismal s]vice ev5 yet conta9s ^! words3 ,g out ( him1 ?\ unclean _s1 & give place unto ! ,holy ,_s1 ! ,p>aclete4 ,9 ! ,intellectual ,developm5t ( ,europe1 ,john ,william ,drap]1 speak+ ( ! tea*+ ( celibacy among ! ,e>ly ,fa!rs1 ,footnote3 #b-,vol4 #a1 page #dbf4 says3 ,! s9fulness ( ! m>riage relation & ! preem95t value ( *a/ity foll[$ f _! pr9ciples4 ,if x 0 object$ to su* practices t by _! univ]sal adoption ! human species w\ld soon be ext+ui%$ & no man w\ld rema9 to (f] praises to ,god1 ^! zealots1 rememb]+ ! temptations f :i* !y _h escap$1 ) tru? repli$ t !re w\ld always be s9n]s en\gh 9 ! _w to avoid t disa/]1 & t out ( _! evil "w1 good w\ld be br\ght4 ,sa9t ,j]ome (f]s u ! pregnant reflection t ?\gh x may be m>riage t fills ! e>?1 x is virg9ity t repl5i%es heav54 ,! e>ly *ur* taught t !re 7 en\gh *ildr5 on e>?4 ,x ne$$ mission>ies m ?an x ne$$ babies1 & impress$ ^u its foll[]s ! idea t ! bir? wails ( ! infant 7 a prote/ aga9/ be+ born into s sordid a _w4 ,?us are we pres5t$ ) "o ( ! enorm\s inconsi/5cies ( ! *ur* 9 sex matt]s4 ,! tea*+s ( ! ,e>ly ,fa!rs 7 effect ! advocacy ( an attempt to en=ce bir? control ?r\gh absolute cont95ce1 :ile lat] x rev]t$1 z x rev]ts to-day1 to ! ,mosaic injunction to be fruitful & multiply4 ,! v =ce ( ! sex urge 9 humanity compell$ ! *ur* to ab&on ! tea*+ ( celibacy = its g5]al memb]%ip4 ,paul1 :o pref]r$ to see ,*ri/ians unm>ri$ r ?an m>ri$1 _h recogniz$ ! p[] ( ?is =ce4 ,9 ! sev5? *apt] ( ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians 7accord+ to ! ,d\ay translation ( ! ,vulgate1 :i* is accept$ by ! ,*ur* ( ,rome71 he said3 #h--;,b ,i say unto y ! unm>ri$ & ! wid[s2 x is good if !y cont9ue ev5 z ,i4 #i--;,b if !y d n conta9 !mselves1 let !m m>ry1 = x is bett] to m>ry ?an to be burnt4 ,:5 ! *ur* became a political p[] r ?an a /rictly religi\s in/itution1 x ne$$ a high bir? rate to provide laym5 to support its increas+ly exp5sive organization4 ,x !n began to exploit ! sex =ce = its own int]e/4 ,x rev]s$ its position 9 reg>d to *ildr54 ,x enc\rag$ m>riage "u its own control & exhort$ wom5 to be> z _m *ildr5 z possible4 ,! _w 0 j z sordid & ! bir? wails ( ! infants 7 j z pite\s1 b ! ne$s ( ! hi]>*y _h *ang$4 ,s x modifi$ ! /&>d ( sex morality to suit its own requirem5ts--m>riage n[ became a sacram5t4 ,%rewd 9 *ang+ its g5]al policy f celibacy to m>riage1 ! *ur* 0 equally %rewd 9 p]petuat+ ! doctr9e ( woman's subjection = its own int]e/4 ,t doctr9e 0 emphatically /at$ 9 ! ,?ird ,*apt] ( ! ,fir/ ,epi/le ( ,pet] & ! ,fif? ,*apt] ( ,paul's ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians4 ,9 ! ,d\ay v]sion ( ! latt]1 we f9d ?is3 #bb--,let wom5 be subject to _! husb&s z to ! ,"l4 #bc--;,because ! husb& is ! head ( ! wife2 z ,*ri/ is ! head ( ! ,*ur*4 #bd--,!re=e1 z ! ,*ur* is subject to ,*ri/1 s let ! wives be to _! husb&s 9 all ?+s4 ,^! doctr9es1 toge!r ) ! tea*+ t sex life is ( itself unclean1 =m$ ! basis ( morality z fix$ by ! ,roman *ur*4 ,nor does ! ,/4 ,james v]sion ( ! ,bible1 g5]ally us$ by ,prote/ant *ur*es to-day1 diff] greatly 9 ^! p>ticul>s f ! accept$ ,roman ,ca?olic v]sion1 z a comp>ison w %[4 ,if ,*ri/ianity turn$ ! clock ( g5]al progress back a ?\s& ye>s1 x turn$ back ! clock two ?\s& ye>s = woman4 ,its greate/ outrage ^u h] 0 to =bid h] to control ! function ( mo!rhood "u any circum/ances1 ?us limit+ h] life's "w to br++ =? & re>+ *ildr54 ,co9cid5t ) ?is1 ! *ur*m5 depriv$ h] ( h] place 9 & be=e ! c\rts1 9 ! s*ools1 9 lit]ature1 art & society4 ,!y %ut f h] he>t & h] m9d ! k ( h] love life & h] reproductive functions4 ,!y *a9$ h] to ! position into :i* !y _h ?ru/ h]1 s t x is only aft] c5turies ( ef=t t %e is ev5 beg9n+ to rega9 :at 0 wre/$ f h]4 ,*ri/ianity _h no favorable effect ^u wom51 says ,donaldson1 b t5d$ to l[] _! "* & contract ! range ( _! activity4 ,at ! "t :5 ,*ri/ianity dawn$ ^u ! _w1 wom5 _h atta9$ great fre$om1 p[] & influ5ce 9 ! ,roman empire4 ,tradition 0 9 favor ( re/riction1 b by a concurr5ce ( circum/ances1 wom5 _h be5 lib]at$ f ! enslav+ fett]s ( ! old legal =ms4 ,!y enjoy$ fre$om ( int]c\rse 9 society4 ,!y walk$ 9 ! public ?or\ghf>es ) veils t did n hide _! faces4 ,!y d9$ 9 ! company ( m54 ,!y /udi$ lit]ature & philosophy4 ,!y took "p 9 political movem5ts4 ,!y 7 all[$ to def5d _! own law cases if !y lik$1 & !y help$ _! husb&s 9 ! gov]nm5t ( prov9ces & ! writ+ ( books4 ,& aga93 ,"o w\ld h imag9$ t ,*ri/ianity w\ld h favor$ ! ext5sion ( woman's fre$om4 ,9 a v %ort "t wom5 are se5 only 9 two capacities--z m>tyrs & deaconesses 7or nuns74 ,n[ :at ! e>ly ,*ri/ians did 0 to /rike ! male out ( ! def9ition ( man1 & human be+ out ( ! def9ition ( woman4 ,man 0 a human be+ made to s]ve ! highe/ & noble/ purposes2 woman 0 a female1 made to s]ve only "o4 ,?us ! position atta9$ by wom5 ( ,greece & ,rome ?r\gh ! ex]cise ( family limitation1 & 9 a consid]able degree ( volunt>y mo!rhood1 0 swept away by ! ris+ tide ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,x w\ld seem t ?is p]nici\s result 0 prem$itat$1 & t f ! v e>ly days ( ,*ri/ianity1 !re 7 among ! hi]>*y ^? :o recogniz$ ! creative p[] ( ! fem99e _s1 ! =ce ( :i* !y s\ght to turn to _! own uses4 ,c]ta9 x is t ! hi]>*y creat$ ab\t ! :ole love life ( woman an atmosph]e ( degradation4 ,fe> & %ame h /ood z grim gu>dians aga9/ ! gate ( k & con/ructive idealism4 ,! sex life ( wom5 has be5 cl\d$ 9 d>kness1 re/rictive1 repressive & morbid4 ,wom5 h n _h ! opportunity to "k !mselves1 nor h !y be5 p]mitt$ to give play to _! inn] natures1 t !y might create a morality practical1 ideali/ic & high = _! own ne$s4 ,on ! o!r h&1 *ur* & /ate h =bidd5 wom5 to leave _! legal mates1 or to refuse to submit to ! m>ital embrace1 no matt] h[ fil?y1 drunk51 diseas$ or o!rwise repulsive ! man might be--no matt] h[ mu* ( a crime x might be to br+ to bir? a *ild by him4 ,woman 0 & is condemn$ to a sy/em "u :i* ! lawful rapes exce$ ! unlawful ones a million to "o4 ,%e has _h no?+ to say z to :e!r %e %all h /r5g? suffici5t to give a *ild a fair physical & m5tal />t 9 life2 %e has _h z little to d ) det]m9+ :e!r h] own body %all be wreck$ by excessive *ild-be>+4 ,%e has be5 adjur$ n to compla9 ( ! burd5 ( c>+ = *ildr5 %e has n want$4 ,only ! m>ri$ woman :o has be5 con/antly lov$ by ! mo/ und]/&+ & consid]ate ( husb&s has escap$ ^! horrors4 ,besides ! wrongs done to wom5 9 m>riage1 ^? involv$ 9 promiscuity1 infidelities & rapes become inconsequ5tial 9 nature & 9 numb]4 ,out ( woman's inn] nature1 9 rebellion aga9/ ^! conditions1 is ris+ ! new morality4 ,let x be realiz$ t ?is creation ( new sex ideals is a *all5ge to ! *ur*4 ,be+ a *all5ge to ! *ur*1 x is also1 9 less degree1 a *all5ge to ! /ate4 ,! woman :o takes a fe>less /& = ! incom+ sex ideals mu/ expect to be assail$ by reaction>ies ( e k9d4 ,imp]iali/s & exploit]s w fight h>de/ 9 ! op51 b ! ecclesia/ic w fight longe/ 9 ! d>k4 ,he und]/&s ! situation be/ ( all2 he be/ kn[s :at reaction he has to fe> f ! morals ( wom5 :o h atta9$ lib]ty4 ,=1 be x repeat$1 ! *ur* has always kn[n & fe>$ ! spiritual pot5tialities ( woman's fre$om4 ,& 9 ?is lies ! answ] to ! "q :y ! oppon5t ( bir? control raises ! moral issue4 ,sex morals = wom5 h be5 "o-sid$2 !y h be5 purely negative1 inhibitory & repressive4 ,!y h be5 fix$ by ag5cies :i* h s\ght to keep wom5 enslav$2 :i* h be5 det]m9$1 ev5 z !y are n[1 to use woman solely z an asset to ! *ur*1 ! /ate & ! man4 ,any means ( fre$om :i* w enable wom5 to live & ?9k = !mselves fir/1 w be attack$ z immoral by ^! selfi% ag5cies4 ,:at effect w ! practice ( bir? control h ^u woman's moral developm5t8 ,z we h se5 9 o!r *apt]s1 x w break h] bonds4 ,x w free h] to und]/& ! crav+s & s\l ne$s ( h]self & o!r wom54 ,x w enable h] to develop h] love nature sep>ate f & indep5d5t ( h] mat]nal nature4 ,x goes )\t say+ t ! woman ^: *ildr5 are desir$ & are ( su* numb] t %e c n only give !m adequate c>e b keep h]self m5tally & spiritually alive1 z well z physically fit1 c dis*>ge h] duties to h] *ildr5 mu* bett] ?an ! ov]work$1 brok5 & qu]ul\s "m ( a l>ge1 unwant$ family4 ,?us ! way is op5 to h] = a tw(old developm5t2 fir/1 ?r\gh h] own full r\nd$ life1 & next1 ?r\gh h] lov+1 un/ra9$1 full-he>t$ relation%ip ) h] (fspr+4 ,! bloom ( "m love w h an opportunity to infuse itself into h] s\l & make h]1 inde$1 ! fond1 affectionate gu>dian ( h] (fspr+ t s5tim5t n[ pictures h] b h>d facts d5y h] ! privilege ( be+4 ,%e w pres]ve also h] love life ) h] mate 9 its rip5+ p]fection4 ,%e w want *ildr5 ) a deep] passion1 & w love !m ) a f> great] love4 ,9 spite ( ! age-long tea*+ t sex life 9 itself is unclean1 ! _w has be5 mov+ to a realization t a great love betwe5 a man & woman is a holy ?+1 freight$ ) great possibilities = spiritual gr[?4 ,! fe> ( unwant$ *ildr5 remov$1 ! assurance t %e w h a suffici5t am\nt ( "t 9 :i* to develop h] love life to its greate/ beauty1 ) its comrade%ip 9 _m fields--^! w lift woman by ! v so>+ quality ( h] inn]mo/ self to spiritual heights t few h atta9$4 ,!n ! com+ ( eag]ly desir$ *ildr5 w b enri* life 9 all its av5ues1 r ?an enslave & impov]i% x z d unwant$ ones to-day4 ,:at heal?i] gr\nds = ! gr[? ( s\nd morals c\ld possibly exi/ ?an ! ample spiritual life ( ! woman j depict$8 ,free to foll[ ! fem99e _s1 :i* dwells 9 ! sanctu>y ( h] nature1 %e w1 9 h] daily life1 give expression to t high idealism :i* is ! fruit ( t _s :5 x is unhamp]$ & unviolat$4 ,! love = h] mate w fl[] 9 beauty ( de$s t are pure because !y are ! natural expression ( h] physical1 m5tal & spiritual be+4 ,! love = desir$ *ildr5 w come to blossom 9 a spirituality t is high because x is free to rea* ! heights4 ,! moral =ce ( woman's nature w be un*a9$--& ( its own dynamic p[] w uplift h] to a plane unimag9$ by ^? hold+ fa/ to ! old /&>ds ( *ur* morality4 ,love is ! greate/ =ce ( ! univ]se2 fre$ ( its bonds ( submission & unwant$ prog5y1 x w =mulate & compel ( its own nature obs]vance to /&>ds ( purity f> beyond ! highe/ conception ( ! av]age morali/4 ,! fem99e _s1 animat$ by joy\s1 triumphant love1 w make its own high t5ets ( morality4 ,free womanhood1 out ( ! dep?s ( its ri* exp]i5ces1 w obs]ve & comply ) ! inn] dem&s ( its be+4 ,! mann] 9 :i* x le>ns to d ?is be/ may be said to be ! moral law ( woman's be+4 ,s1 9 :atev] words ! new morality may ultimately be express$1 we c at lea/ be sure t x w meet c]ta9 ne$s4 ,fir/ ( all1 x w meet ! physical & psy*ic requirem5ts ( ! woman h]self1 = %e _c adequately p]=m ! fem99e functions until ^! are met4 ,second1 x w meet ! ne$s ( ! *ild to be conceiv$ 9 a love :i* is eag] to br+ =? a new life1 to be br\ght into a home :]e love & h>mony prevail1 a home 9 :i* prop] prep>ation has be5 made = its com+4 ,?is situation implies 9 turn a numb] ( conditions4 ,=emo/ among !m is woman's k ( h] sexual nature1 bo? 9 its physiology & its spiritual significance4 ,%e mu/ n only "k h] own body1 its c>e & its ne$s1 b %e mu/ "k ! p[] ( ! sex =ce1 its use1 its abuse1 z well z h[ to direct x = ! b5efit ( ! race4 ,?us %e c transmit to h] *ildr5 an equipm5t t w enable !m to break ! bonds t h held humanity enslav$ = ages4 ,to a*ieve ?is %e mu/ h a k ( bir? control4 ,%e mu/ also ass]t & ma9ta9 h] "r to refuse ! m>ital embrace except :5 urg$ by h] inn] nature4 ,! tru? makes free4 ,view$ 9 its true aspect1 ! v beauty & wond] ( ! creative impulse w make evid5t its ess5tial purity4 ,we w !n in/9ctively idealize & keep holy t physical-spiritual expression :i* is ! f\ndation ( all human life1 & 9 t conception ( sex w ! race he exalt$4 ,:at c we expect ( (fspr+ t are ! result ( accid5ts--:o are br\ght into be+ undesir$ & 9 fe>8 ,:at c we hope = f a morality t surr\nds ea* physical union1 = ! woman1 ) an atmosph]e ( submission & %ame8 ,:at c we say = a morality t leaves ! husb& at lib]ty to communicate to 8 wife a v5]eal disease8 ,subv]sion ( ! sex urge to ult]ior purposes has dragg$ x to ! level ( ! gutt]4 ,recognition ( its true nature & purpose mu/ lift ! race to spiritual fre$om4 ,out ( our gr[+ k we are evolv+ new & san] ideas ( life 9 g5]al4 ,out ( our increas+ sex k we %all evolve new ideals ( sex4 ,^! ideals w spr+ f ! inn]mo/ ne$s ( wom54 ,!y w s]ve ^! ne$s & express !m4 ,!y w be ! f\ndation ( a moral code t w t5d to make fruitful ! impulse :i* is ! s\rce1 ! s\l & ! cr[n+ glory ( our sexual natures4 ,:5 wom5 h rais$ ! /&>ds ( sex ideals & purg$ ! human m9d ( its unclean conception ( sex1 ! f\nta9 ( ! race w h be5 cleans$4 ,mo!rs w br+ =?1 9 purity & 9 joy1 a race t is morally & spiritually free4 ,,*apt] ,,xv ,,legislat+ ,,woman',s ,,morals ,"o ( ! important duties be=e ^? wom5 :o are dem&+ bir? control z a means to a ,new ,race is ! *ang+ ( our s-call$ obsc5ity laws4 ,?is w be no easy und]tak+2 x is usually mu* easi] to enact /atutes ?an to revise !m4 ,laws are seldom exactly :at !y seem1 r>ely :at _! advocates claim = !m4 ,! obsc5ity /atutes are p>ticul>ly deceptive4 ,enact$1 av[$ly1 to protect society aga9/ ! obsc5e & ! lewd1 !y make no di/9ction betwe5 ! sci5tific works ( human emancipators l ,=el & ,ellis & pr9t$ matt] su* z !y are o/5sibly aim$ at4 ,naturally en\gh1 !n1 detectives & n>r[-m9d$ judges & prosecutors :o w\ld *uckle ov] pictures t w\ld make a clean-m9d$ woman %udd]1 unite to suppress ! sci5tific works & ! bir?-control treatises :i* w\ld enable m5 & wom5 to atta9 high] physical1 m5tal1 moral & spiritual /&>ds4 ,woman1 b5t ^u h] fre$om & seek+ to make a bett] _w1 w n p]mit ! indec5t & unclean =ces ( reaction to mask !mselves =ev] beh9d ! plea t x is necess>y to keep h] 9 ignorance to pres]ve h] purity4 ,9 ! bir?-control movem5t1 %e has already begun to fight = h] "r to h1 )\t legal int]f]5ce1 all k p]ta9+ to h] sex nature4 ,?is is ! ?ird & mo/ important ( ! epo*-mak+ battles = g5]al lib]ty ^u ,am]ican soil4 ,x is mo/ important because x is to purify ! v f\nta9 ( ! race & make ! race completely free4 ,! fir/ & mo/ dramatic ( ! ?ree great /ruggles = lib]ty rea*$ its apex1 z we "k1 9 ! ,am]ican ,revolution4 ,x _h = its object ! "r to hold su* political beliefs z "o might *oose1 & to act 9 accordance ) ^? beliefs4 ,if ?is political fre$om is n[ lo/ to u1 x is because we did n hold /rongly en\gh to ^? lib]ties f\ght = by our =efa!rs4 ,ne>ly a hundr$ ye>s aft] ! ,revolution ! battle = religi\s lib]ty came to a climax 9 ! c>e] ( ,rob]t ,g4 ,+]soll4 ,8 *ampion%ip ( ! mu* vaunt$ & little ex]cis$ fre$om ( religi\s op9ion swept ! blasphemy laws into ! lumb] room ( outworn tyrannies4 ,^? yet rema9+ ^u ! /atute books are invok$ b r>ely1 & !n ! ef=t to en=ce !m is ridicul\s4 ,)9 a few ye>s ! tragic comb9ation ( false moral /&>ds & infam\s obsc5ity laws w be z ridicul\s 9 ! public m9d z are ! n[ all b =gott5 blasphemy laws4 ,if ! obsc5ity laws are n radically revis$ or repeal$1 few reaction>ies w d>e to face ! public d]ision t w greet _! attempts to use !m to /ay woman's progress4 ,! ,fr5* h a say+ conc]n+ mort ma9--! dead h&4 ,?is h& ( ! pa/ rea*es up into ! pres5t to smo!r ! ris+ flame ( mod]n ideals1 to re=ge our *a9s :5 we h brok5 !m1 to arre/ progress4 ,x is ! h& ( su* z h liv$ on e>? b h n lov$ humanity4 ,at ! call ( ^? :o fe> progress & fre$om1 x rises f ! gloom ( =gott5 ?+s to oppress ! liv+4 ,x is ! dead h& t holds imprison$ )9 ! obsc5ity laws all direct in=mation conc]n+ bir? control4 ,x is ! dead h& t ?us compels millions ( ,am]ican wom5 to rema9 9 ! bondage ( mat]nity4 ,previ\s to ! ye> #ahfh1 ! obsc5ity laws ( ! v>i\s /ates 9 ! ,union conta9$ no specific prohibition ( in=mation conc]n+ contraceptives4 ,9 t ye>1 h[ev]1 ! ,g5]al ,assembly ( ,new ,york pass$ an act :i* specifically includ$ ! subject ( contraceptives4 ,! act made x exactly z great an (f5se to give su* in=mation z to exhibit ! sort ( pictures & writ+s at :i* ! legislation 0 o/5sibly aim$4 ,9 #ahgc1 ! late ,an?ony ,com/ock1 :o ) a li/ ( contributors1 mo/ ( :om did n realize ! real effects ( 8 "w1 con/itut$ ! s-call$ ,society = ! ,suppression ( ,vice1 succe$$ 9 obta9+ ! passage ( ! f$]al obsc5ity act4 ,?is act 0 pres5t$ z "o to prev5t ! circulation ( pornographic lit]ature & pictures among s*ool *ildr54 ,z su*1 x 0 ru%$ ?r\gh ) two hundr$ sixty o!r acts 9 ! clos+ h\rs ( ! ,congress4 ,?is act made x a crime to use ! mails to convey contraceptives or in=mation conc]n+ contraceptives4 ,o!r acts lat] made ! orig9al law applicable to express companies & o!r common c>ri]s1 z well z to ! mails4 ,) ?is prec$5t e/abli%$--a prec$5t :i* a majority ( ! congressm5 c\ld h>dly h und]/ood because ( ! ha/y passage ( ! act--,com/ock secur$ ! enactm5t ( /ate laws to ! same effect4 ,mean:ile1 ! provisions reg>d+ contraceptives _h be5 dropp$ f ! am5d$ ,new ,york ,/ate law ( #ahgb4 ,9 #ahgc1 h[ev]1 a new section1 said to h be5 draft$ by ,com/ock himself1 0 sub/itut$ = ! "o enact$ 9 #ahgb1 & t section is ess5tially ! sub/ance ( ! pres5t law4 ,none ( ^! acts made x an (f5se to prev5t conception--all ( !m provid$ puni%m5t = anyone dissem9at+ in=mation conc]n+ ! prev5tion ( conception4 ,9 ! f$]al /atutes1 ! maximum p5alties 7 fix$ at a f9e ( #e1jjj or five ye>s imprisonm5t1 or bo?4 ,! usual maximum p5alty "u a /ate law is a f9e ( #a1jjj or "o ye>'s imprisonm5t1 or bo?4 ,com/ock has pass$ out ( public notice4 ,8 body has be5 entomb$ b ! evil t he did lives aft] him4 ,8 dead h& /ill rea*es =? to keep ! subject ( prev5tion ( conception :]e he plac$ x--9 ! same legal category ) ?+s unclean & vile4 ,=ty ye>s ago ! laws 7 *ang$ & ! *ief "w ( ,com/ock's life accompli%$4 ,^? laws /ill live1 legal monum5ts to ignorance & to oppression4 ,?r\gh ^? laws rea*es ! dead h& to br+ to ! op]at+ table ea* ye> hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( wom5 :o und]go ! agony ( abortion4 ,ea* ye> ?is h& rea*es out to compel ! bir? ( hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( infants :o mu/ die be=e !y are twelve mon?s old4 ,l _m laws ^u our /atute books1 ^! are be+ p]si/5tly & intellig5tly violat$4 ,few memb]s ( ! well-to-d & weal?y classes ?9k = a s+le mom5t ( obey+ !m4 ,!y limit _! families to "o1 two or ?ree well-c>$-= *ildr54 ,usually ! prosecutor :o pres5ts ! case aga9/ a bir?-control advocate1 trapp$ by a detective hir$ by ! ,com/ock ,society1 has no *ildr5 at all or a small family4 ,! family ( ! judge :o passes ^u ! case is likely to be small] /ill4 ,! words ,x is ! law sums x all up = ^! (ficials :5 !y pass s5t5ce 9 c\rt4 ,b ^! words1 s magical to ! (ficial m9d1 h no weight :5 ^! same (ficials are adju/+ _! own private lives4 ,!y !n obey ! high] laws ( _! own be+s--!y break ! obsolete /atutes = !mselves :ile en=c+ !m = o!rs4 ,?is is n ! situation ) ! poor] p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 h[ev]4 ,millions ( !m "k no?+ ( reliable contraceptives4 ,:5 wom5 ( ! impov]i%$ /rata ( society d n break ^! laws aga9/ contraceptives1 !y violate ^? laws ( _! inn] be+s :i* tell !m n to br+ *ildr5 into ! _w to live 9 want1 disease & g5]al mis]y4 ,!y break ! fir/ law ( nature1 :i* is t ( self pres]vation4 ,b\nd by false morals1 en*a9$ by false conceptions ( religion1 h9d]$ by false laws1 !y endure until ! pressure becomes s great t morals1 religion & laws alike fail to re/ra9 !m4 ,!n !y = a brief respite resort to ! surgeon's in/rum5ts4 ,= _m ye>s ! semi-(ficial wit* hunt+ ( ! ,com/ock organization _h a rem>kable & a deadly effect4 ,ev]yone1 :e!r x 0 noveli/1 essayi/1 publici/1 propag&i/ or arti/1 :o s\ght to ?r[ def9ite light ^u ! =bidd5 subject ( sex1 or ^u family limitation1 0 prosecut$ if detect$4 ,among ! _m books suppress$ 7 works by physicians design$ to w>n "y m5 & wom5 away f ! pitfalls ( v5]eal diseases & sexual errors4 ,! d>kness t surr\nd$ ! :ole field ( sex 0 made z complete z possible4 ,s9ce !n ! feel+ ( ! awak5$ wom5 ( ,am]ica has int5sifi$4 ,! rapidity ) :i* wom5 are go+ into indu/ry1 ! increas+ h>d%ip & pov]ty ( ! l[] /rata ( society1 ! ar\s+ ( public consci5ce1 h all op]at$ to give =ce & volume to ! dem& = woman's "r to control h] own body t %e may "w out h] own salvation4 ,^? :o believe 9 /rictly legal measures1 z well z ^? :o believe bo? 9 legal measures & 9 op5 defiance ( ^! brutal & unju/ laws1 are dem&+ am5dm5ts to ! obsc5ity /atutes1 :i* %all remove in=mation conc]n+ contraceptives f its pres5t classification among ?+s fil?y & obsc5e4 ,an am5dm5t typical ( ^? (f]$ is t drawn up = ! ,new ,york /atutes "u ! direction ( ,samuel ,mc,clure ,l9dsey1 ( ,columbia ,univ]sity4 ,! words & s5t5ces 9 italics are ^? :i* x propos$ to add3 7,section #aade47 ,physicians' in/rum5ts & in=mation4 ,an article or in/rum5t us$ or appli$ by physicians lawfully practic+1 or by _! direction or prescription1 = ! cure or prev5tion ( disease1 is n an article ( indec5t or immoral nature or use1 )9 ?is article4 ,! supply+ ( su* articles to su* physicians or by _! direction or prescription1 is n an (f5se "u ?is article4 ,! giv+ by a duly lic5s$ physician or regi/]$ nurse lawfully practic+1 ( in=mation or advice 9 reg>d to1 or ! supply+ to any p]son ( any article or m$ic9e = ! prev5tion (1 conception is n a violation ( any provision ( ?is article4 ,?is propos$ am5dm5t %\ld )\t d\bt include midwives z well z nurses4 ,!re are ?\s&s ( wom5 :o nev] see a nurse or a physician4 ,"u ?is section1 ev5 z x n[ /&s1 physicians h a "r to prescribe contraceptives1 b few ( !m h claim$ t "r or h ev5 kn[n t x has exi/$4 ,x does exi/1 h[ev]1 & 0 specifically decl>$ by ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,c\rt ( ,appeals1 z we %all see :5 we consid] t c\rt's op9ion 9 ! ,sang] case1 f>!r on 9 ! book4 ,x c d no h>m to make ! int5t ( ! law z reg>ds physicians pla9]1 & x w\ld be an imm5se /ep =w>d to include nurses & midwives 9 ! section4 ,) ?is addition x w\ld remove "o ( ! mo/ s]i\s ob/acles to ! fre$om & advancem5t ( ,am]ican womanhood4 ,e woman int]e/$ 9 ! welf>e ( wom5 9 g5]al %\ld make x h] bus9ess to agitate = su* a *ange 9 ! obsc5ity laws4 ,! above provision w\ld take c>e ( ! case ( ! woman :o is ill1 or :o is pla9ly ab\t to become ill1 b x does n take c>e ( ! va/ body ( wom5 :o h n yet ru9$ _! heal? by *ildbe>+ & :o are n yet suff]+ f diseases complicat$ by pregnancy4 ,if ?is am5dm5t _h be5 atta*$ to ! laws 9 all ! /ates1 !re w\ld /ill rema9 mu* to be done4 ,%all we g on indef9itely driv+ ! n[ heal?y "m ( two *ildr5 into ! h&s ( ! abortioni/1 :]e %e goes 9 pref]5ce to con/ant ill heal?1 ov]work & ! witness+ ( dy+ & />v+ babies8 ,x is ea* woman's duty to h]self & to society to ha/5 ! repeal ( all laws aga9/ ! communication ( bir?-control in=mation n[ t %e has ! vote1 %e %\ld use h] political influ5ce to /rike1 fir/ ( all1 at ^! re/rictive /atutes4 ,x is n to h] cr$it t a di/rict attorney1 argu+ aga9/ a bir? control advocate1 is able to %[ t wom5 h made no ef=t to wipe out su* laws 9 /ates :]e !y h _h ! ballot = ye>s4 ,x is "t t wom5 ass]t !mselves ^u ?is fundam5tal "r1 & ! fir/ & be/ use !y c make ( ! ballot is 9 ?is direction4 ,^! laws 7 made by m5 & h be5 in/rum5ts ( m>tyrdom & dea? = unnumb]$ ?\s&s ( wom54 ,wom5 n[ h ! opportunity to sweep !m into ! tra% heap4 ,!y w d x at once unless1 l m51 !y use ! ballot = ^? political honors :i* _m ye>s ( exp]i5ce h taught m5 to be holl[4 ,x is only a "q ( h[ long x w take wom5 to make up _! m9ds to ?is result4 ,! law ( woman's be+ is /rong] ?an any /atute1 & ! man-made law mu/ soon] or lat] give way to x4 ,man has n protect$ woman 9 matt]s mo/ vital to h]--b %e is awak+ & w soon] or lat] realize ?is & ass]t h]self4 ,if %e acts 9 mass n[1 x w be ano!r *e]+ evid5ce t %e is mov+ consci\sly t[>d h] goal4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi ,,:y ,,n ,,bir?-,,control ,,cl9ics ,,9 ,,am]ica ,footnote3 ,?is *apt]1 9 sub/ance1 & l>gely 9 language1 appe>$ "u ! pres5t title 9 ! ,m>*1 #aibj1 issue ( ,am]ican ,m$ic9e 7,new ,york7 & is incorporat$ 9 ?is book by c\rtesy ( t publication4 ,! absurd cruelty ( p]mitt+ ?\s&s ( wom5 ea* ye> to g ?r\gh abortions to prev5t ! aggravation ( diseases = :i* !y are "u treatm5t assur$ly _c be mu* long] ignor$ by ! m$ical pr(ession4 ,responsibility = ! ine/imable damage done by ! practice ( p]mitt+ pati5ts suff]+ f c]ta9 ailm5ts to become pregnant1 because ( _! ignorance ( contraceptives1 :5 ! physician kn[s t if pregnancy goes to its full t]m x w ha/5 ! disease & lead to ! pati5t's dea?1 mu/ 9 all fairness be laid at 8 door4 ,:at ^! diseases are & :at dang]s are involv$ 9 pregnancy are kn[n to e practition] ( /&+4 ,speciali/s h n be5 neglig5t 9 po9t+ out ! situation4 ,eag] to enhance or protect _! reputations 9 ! pr(ession1 !y cont9ually call out to "o ano!r3 ,don't let ! pati5t be> a *ild--don't let pregnancy cont9ue4 ,! w>n+ has be5 s\nd$ mo/ (t51 p]haps1 9 ! cases ( tub]cul> wom54 ,9 view ( ! fact t ! tub]cul> process becomes exac]bat$ ei!r dur+ pregnancy or aft] *ildbir?1 mo/ au?orities recomm5d t abortion be induc$ z a matt] ( r\t9e 9 all tub]cul> wom51 says ,dr4 ,j4 ,:itridge ,williams1 ob/etrician-9-*ief to ! ,johns ,hopk9s ,hospital1 9 8 treatise on ,ob/etrics4 ,dr4 ,?omas ,watts ,ed51 ob/etrician & gynecologi/ to ,*>+ ,cross ,hospital & memb] ( ! /affs ( o!r notable ,briti% hospitals1 ext5ds b does n complete ! li/ 9 ?is p>agraph on page #feb ( 8 ,practical ,ob/etrics3 ,c]ta9 ( ! conditions enum]at$ =m absolute indications = ! induction ( abortion4 ,^! are nephritis1 uncomp5sat$ valvul> lesions ( ! he>t1 advanc$ tub]culosis1 insanity1 irrem$iable malignant tumors1 hydatidi=m mole1 uncontrollable ut]9e hemorrhage1 & acute hydramnios4 ,we "k t abortion1 :5 p]=m$ by skill$ h&s1 "u "r conditions1 br+s almo/ no dang] to ! life ( ! pati5t1 & we also "k t p>ticul> diseases c be m easily combatt$ aft] su* an abortion ?an dur+ a pregnancy all[$ to come to full t]m4 ,b :y n adopt ! easi]1 saf]1 less repulsive c\rse & prev5t conception altoge!r8 ,:y put ^! ?\s&s ( wom5 :o ea* ye> und]go su* abortions to ! pa9 !y entail & 9 :atev] dang] att5ds !m8 ,:y cont9ue to s5d home wom5 to :om pregnancy is a grave dang] ) ! futile advice3 ,n[ don't get ?is way aga96 ,!y are s5t back to husb&s :o h g5]ations ( passion & passion's claim to outlet4 ,!y are s5t back )\t be+ giv5 in=mation z to h[ to prev5t ! dang]\s pregnancy & are expect$1 presumably1 to dep5d = _! safety ^u ! husb&'s cont95ce4 ,! wife & husb& are ?r[n toge!r to br+ ab\t once m ! same condition4 ,back comes ! pati5t aga9 9 a few mon?s to be abort$ & told once m n to d x aga94 ,does any physician believe t ! picture is ov]drawn8 ,i h kn[n ( _m su* cases4 ,a rec5t "o t came "u my obs]vation 0 t ( a woman :o suff]$ f a disease ( ! kidneys4 ,five times %e 0 tak5 to a mat]nity hospital 9 an ambulance aft] fall+ 9 (fices or 9 ! /reet4 ,"o ( ! =emo/ gynecologi/s ( ,am]ica s5t h] out ?ree times )\t giv+ h] in=mation z to ! contraceptive means :i* w\ld h prev5t$ a repetition ( ?is exp]i5ce4 ,:y does ?is situation exi/8 ,we d n "q ! good int5t nor ! high purposes ( ^! physicians4 ,we "k t !y obs]ve a high /&>d ( e?ics & t !y are work+ = ! uplift ( ! race4 ,b "h is a situation t is absurd--hide\sly absurd4 ,:at is ! matt]8 ,sev]al factors contribute to ?is /ate ( affairs4 ,fir/1 ! subject ( contraception has be5 kept 9 ! d>k1 ev5 9 m$ical colleges & 9 hospitals4 ,abortion has be5 op5ly discuss$ z a necessity "u c]ta9 conditions1 b ! subject ( contraception1 z any physician w admit1 has n yet be5 br\ght to ! front4 ,x has escap$ specializ$ att5tion 9 ! laboratories & ! rese>* dep>tm5ts4 ,?us !re has be5 no pr(essional /amp ( approval by great bodies ( exp]im5t]s4 ,! result is t ! av]age physician has felt t contraceptive me?ods are n yet e/abli%$ z c]ta9ties & has1 = t reason1 refus$ to direct _! use4 ,speciali/s are s busy ) _! own p>ticul> subjects & g5]al practition]s are s tak5 up ) _! daily r\t9e t !y _c give to ! problem ( contraception ! att5tion x mu/ h4 ,consultation rooms 9 *>ge ( reputable physicians :o h specializ$ 9 contraception1 assi/$ by regi/]$ nurses--9 a ^w1 cl9ics design$ = ?is specialty1 w\ld meet ?is cry+ ne$4 ,su* cl9ics %\ld deal ) ea* woman individually1 tak+ into acc\nt h] p>ticul> disease1 h] temp]am5t1 h] m5tality & h] condition1 bo? physical & economic4 ,_! sole function %\ld be to prev5t pregnancy4 ,9 accompli%+ ?is purpose1 a high] /&>d ( hygi5e is atta9$4 ,n only w\ld a burd5 be remov$ f ! physician :o s5ds a woman to su* a cl9ic1 b !re w\ld be an improvem5t 9 ! woman's g5]al condition :i* w\ld 9 a numb] ( ways reflect itself 9 b5efit to h] family4 ,all ?is = ! diseas$ woman4 ,b e argum5t t c be made = prev5tive m$ic9e c be made = bir?-control cl9ics = ! use ( ! woman :o has n yet lo/ h] heal?4 ,s\nd & vigor\s at ! "t ( h] m>riage1 %e c\ld rema9 s if giv5 advice z to by :at means %e c\ld space h] *ildr5 & limit _! numb]4 ,:5 %e is n giv5 su* in=mation1 %e is plung$ bl9dly into m>ri$ life & a few ye>s is likely to f9d h] ) a l>ge family1 h]self diseas$ & damag$1 an unfit bre$] ( ! unfit1 & /ill ignorant6 ,:at are ! fruits ( ?is woeful ignorance 9 :i* wom5 h be5 kept8 ,fir/1 a trem5d\s infant mortality--hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( babies dy+ annually ( diseases :i* fl\ri% 9 pov]ty & neglect4 ,next1 ! rapid increase ( ! feeblem9d$1 ( crim9al types & ( ! pa!tic victims ( toil 9 ! *ild-labor factories4 ,ano!r result is ! famili> ov]cr[d+ ( t5em5ts1 ! =c+ ( ! *ildr5 into ! /reet1 ! ensu+ pro/itution1 alcoholism & almo/ univ]sal physical & moral unfitness4 ,^? abhorr5t conditions po9t to a blund] ^u ! "p ( ^? to :om we h entru/$ ! c>e ( ! heal? ( ! individual1 ! family & ! race4 ,! m$ical pr(ession1 neglect+ ! pr9ciple involv$ 9 prev5tive m$ic9e1 has p]mitt$ ^! conditions to come ab\t4 ,if !y 7 unavoidable1 we %\ld h to be> ) !m1 b !y are n unavoidable1 z %[n by facts & figures f o!r c\ntries :]e contraceptive in=mation is available4 ,9 ,holl&1 = in/ance1 :]e ! in=mation conc]n+ contraceptives has be5 accessible to ! p1 ?r\gh cl9ics & pamphlets1 s9ce #ahha1 ! g5]al dea? rate & ! infant mortality rate h fall5 until !y are ! l[e/ 9 ,europe4 ,am/]dam & ,! ,hague h ! l[e/ infant mortality rates ( any cities 9 ! _w4 ,x is good to "k t ! fir/ ( ! bir?-control cl9ics ( ,holl& foll[$ %ortly aft] a ?or\gh & en?usia/ic discussion ( ! subject at an int]national m$ical congress 9 ,am/]dam 9 #ahgh4 ,! ,dut* ,neo-,mal?usian ,league 0 f\nd$ 9 #ahha4 ,! fir/ bir?-control cl9ic 9 ! _w 0 op5$ 9 #ahhe by ,dr4 ,aletta ,jacobs 9 ,am/]dam4 ,s great 7 ! results obta9$ t !re has be5 a rem>kable increase 9 ! weal?1 /am9a1 /ature & longevity ( ! p1 z well z a gradual increase 9 ! population4 ,^! cl9ics mu/ n be confus$ ) ! :ite enamel$ rooms :i* we associate ) ! t]m 9 ,am]ica4 ,!y are ord9>y (fices ) ! necess>y equipm5t1 or rooms 9 ! homes ( ! nurses1 fitt$ out = ! "w4 ,!y are places = consultation & exam9ation1 op5$ by specially tra9$ nurses :o h be5 in/ruct$ by ,dr4 ,j4 ,rutg]s1 ( ,! ,hague1 secret>y ( ! ,neo-,mal?usian ,league1 :o has devot$ 8 life to ?is "w4 ,!re h be5 m ?an fifty nurses tra9$ specially = ?is "w by ,dr4 ,rutg]s4 ,z a nurse completes h] c\rse ( tra9+1 %e e/abli%es h]self 9 a community & h] place ( consultation is call$ a cl9ic4 ,! g5]al results ( ?is s]vice are be/ judg$ by tables includ$ 9 ! ,annual ,summ>y ( ,m>riages1 ,bir?s & ,dea?s 9 ,engl&1 ,wales1 ,etc41 = #aiab4 ,footnote3 7,see table on page #bjh47 ,9 ,am/]dam1 ! bir? rate dropp$ f #cg4a = ! p]iod ( #ahha-he to #bd4g = #aijf & #bc4c 9 #aiab4 ,dur+ ! same p]iods1 ! dea? rate fell f #be4a to #ac4a1 & 9 #aiab to #aa4b4 ,infant mortality = ! same p]iod fell f #bjc = ea* ?\s& liv+ bir?s to #ij1 & 9 #aiab to #fd4 ,illegitimate f]tility also decreas$4 ,results 9 o!r cities1 z %[n by ! table at ! end ( ?is *apt]1 are exactly simil>4 ,9 ! ,au/ralian ,commonweal?1 :]e bir? control is tak5 z a matt] ( c\rse1 & in=mation conc]n+ contraceptives is available to ! masses1 ! bir?s 7 s well di/ribut$ 9 #aiae t :ile ! bir? rate 0 #bg4c1 !re 0 an infant dea? rate ( only #aj4g4 ,new ,zeal&1 :i* is also "o ( ! typical bir?-control c\ntries1 _h a bir? rate ( #be4c & an infant dea? rate ( only #i4a = ! same ye>4 ,^! figures are 9 m>k$ & happy contra/ ) ^? = ! bir? regi/ration ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e ! reports = #aiaf %[ a bir? rate ( #bd4h1 b an infant dea? rate ( #ad4g4 ,a simil> comp>ison may be made ) ! ,g]man ,empire 9 #aiac1 :]e !re 0 a bir? rate ( #bg4e 9 #aiac & an infant mortality rate ( #ae4 ,9 ^! c\ntries1 bir? control in=mation is n s g5]ally )9 ! rea* ( ! masses &1 consequ5tly1 ! l>ge/ p]c5tage ( bir?s come to t class lea/ able to br+ *ildr5 to full maturity1 z indicat$ 9 ! infant mortality rates4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i am go+ to make a /atem5t :i* may at fir/ seem exagg]at$1 b :i* is1 nev]!less1 c>efully consid]$4 ,! ef=t t[>d racial progress t is be+ made to-day by ! m$ical pr(ession1 by social work]s1 by ! v>i\s *>itable & philan?ropic organizations & by /ate in/itutions = ! physically & m5tally unfit1 is practically wa/$4 ,all ^! =ces are 9 a v emphatic s5se m>k+ "t4 ,!y w cont9ue to m>k "t until ! m$ical pr(ession recognizes ! fact t ! ev] increas+ tide ( ! unfit is ov]:elm+ all t ^! ag5cies are do+ = society4 ,!y w cont9ue to m>k "t until !y get at ! s\rce ( ^! de/ructive conditions & apply a fundam5tal rem$y4 ,t rem$y is bir? control4 ---------------------------------------- ------- ,footnote3 ,am/]dam ,mal?usian 7,bir? ,control7 ,league />t$ #ahha2 ,dr4 ,aletta ,jacobs gave advice to poor wom51 #ahhe3 #ahha-he #aijf-aj #aiab ,bir? rate444444444 #cg4a #bg4g #bc4c p] #a1jjj ( population ,dea? rate444444444 #be4a #ac4a #aa4b p] #a1jjj ( population ,,infantile ,,mortality3 ,dea?s 9 fir/ ye>4444444444444444 #bjc #ij #fd p] ?\s& liv+ bir?s ,! ,hague n[ headqu>t]s ( ! ,neo-,mal?usian 7,bir? ,control7 ,league3 #ahha-he #aijf-aj #aiab ,bir? rate44444444444 #ch4g #bg4e #bc4f p] #a1jjj ( population ,dea? rate44444444444 #bc4c #ac4b #aj4i p] #a1jjj ( population ,,infantile ,,mortality3 ,dea?s 9 fir/ ye>44444444444444444 #bad #ii #ff p] ?\s& liv+ bir?s ,^! figures are ! l[e/ 9 ! :ole li/ ( dea? rates & infantile mortalities 9 ! summ>y ( bir?s & dea?s 9 cities 9 ?is report4 ,rott]dam3 #ahha-he #aijf-aj #aiab ,bir? rate4444444444 #cg4d #cb4j #bi4j p] #a1jjj ( population ,dea? rate4444444444 #bd4b #ac4d #aa4c p] #a1jjj ( population ,,infantile ,,mortality3 ,dea?s 9 fir/ ye>4444444444444444 #bji #aje #gi p] ?\s& liv+ bir?s ,f]tility & ,illegitimacy ,rates3 #ahhj-b #ahij-b #aijj-b 7,legitimate bir?s p] #a1jjj m>ri$ wom5 ,legitimate f]tility44 #cjf4d #bif4e #beb4g ag$ #ae to #de47 #ahhj-b #ahij-b #aijj-b 7,illegitimate bir?s p] #a1jjj unm>ri$ wom51 ,illegitimate f]tility44#af4a #af4c #aa4c ag$ #ae to #de47 ,! ,hague3 #ahhj-b #ahij-b #aijj-b ,legitimate f]tility4444 #cdf4e #cjc4i #bee4j ,illegitimate f]tility444 #ac4d #ac4f #g4g ,rott]dam3 #ahhj-b #ahij-b #aijj-b ,legitimate f]tility4444 #cca4d #cab4j #bii4j ,illegitimate f]tility444 #ag4d #af4e #ac4a ,,*apt] ,,xvii ,,progress ,,we ,,h ,,made ,! sil5ce ( ! c5turies has be5 brok54 ,! wrongs ( woman & ! rights ( woman h f\nd voices4 ,^! voices diff] f all o!rs t h be5 rais$ 9 woman's behalf4 ,!y are n ! individual prote/s ( great fem99e m9ds1 nor ! mascul9e rem$ies = mascul9e oppression sugge/$ by ! /rick5 consci5ces ( a few m54 ,great voices are he>d1 bo? ( wom5 & ( m51 b int]m+l$ ) !m are millions ( voices dem&+ fre$om4 ,let x be repeat$ t movem5ts mo!r$ by emancipat$ wom5 are (t5 deceptive 9 "*4 ,! dem& = suffrage1 ! agitation aga9/ *ild labor1 ! regulation ( work+ h\rs = wom51 ! insi/5ce ^u mo!rs' p5sions are palliatives all4 ,yet z woman's und]/&+ develops & %e le>ns to ?9k at ! urg5ce ( h] own inn] nature1 r ?an at ! dictates ( m51 %e moves on f ^! palliatives to fundam5tal rem$ies4 ,s at ! cre/ ( ! wave ( woman's revolt comes ! movem5t = volunt>y mo!rhood--n a sep>ate1 isolat$ movem5t1 b ! manife/ation ( a cosmic =ce--! =ce t moves ! wave itself4 ,! walls ( ! cloi/] h fall5 be=e ! cries ( a ris+ womanhood4 ,! b>ri]s ( pruri5t puritanism are be+ demoli%$4 ,free woman has torn ! veil ( indec5cy f ! secrets ( life to reveal !m 9 _! p[] & _! purity4 ,womanhood yet b\nd has beheld & und]/ood4 ,a public ^: ?\ghts & op9ions _h be5 gov]n$ by m5 & by wom5 engulf$ 9 ! old ord] has be5 %ock$ awake4 ,sne]s & je/s at bir? control are giv+ way to a rev]5t und]/&+ ( ! ne$s ( woman4 ,!y :o to-day d5y ! "r ( a woman to control h] own body speak ) ! h>dihood ( inv9cible ignorance or ) ! folly ( ^? bl9d ones :o 9 all ages h oppos$ ! light ( progress4 ,few !re are to insi/ op5ly t woman rema9 a passive in/rum5t ( reproduction4 ,! subject ( bir? control is be+ lift$ out ( ! mire into :i* x 0 ca/ by puritanism & giv5 its prop] place among ! sci5ces & ! ideals ( ?is g5]ation4 ,) ?is ef=t has come an illum9ation ( all o!r social problems4 ,society is beg9n+ to give e> to ! promise ( mod]n womanhood3 ,:5 y h ceas$ to *a9 me1 ,i %all by ! virtue ( a free mo!rhood remake ! _w4 ,x w\ld be miracul\s inde$ if t victory :i* has be5 won1 _h be5 ga9$ )\t great toil1 insuff]able angui% & sacrifice su* z all p]sons exp]i5ce :5 !y d>e to brave ! conv5tions ( ! dead pa/ or blaze a trail = a new ord]4 ,b :]e ! vision is cle>1 ! fai? deep1 =ces unse5 rally to assi/ & c>ry "o ov] b>ri]s :i* w\ld o!rwise h be5 insurm\ntable4 ,no "p ( ?is wave ( woman's emancipation has won its way )\t su* vision & fai?4 ,?is is ! "o movem5t 9 :i* pione]+ 0 unnecess>y4 ,! cry = deliv]ance always goes up4 ,x is its own pione]4 ,! facts h always />$ u 9 ! face4 ,no "o :o has work$ among wom5 c be ignorant ( !m4 ,i rememb] t ev] s9ce ,i 0 a *ild1 ! idea ( l>ge families associat$ itself ) pov]ty 9 my m9d4 ,z ,i grew to womanhood1 & f\nd myself work+ 9 hospitals & 9 ! homes ( ! ri* & ! poor1 ! association betwe5 ! two ideas grew /rong]4 ,9 e home ( ! poor1 wom5 ask$ me ! same "q4 ,z f> back z #aijj1 ,i began to inquire ( my associates among ! nurses :at "o c\ld tell ^! worri$ wom5 :o ask$ con/antly3 ,:at c ,i d8 ,x is ! voice ( ! elem5tal urge ( woman--x has always be5 !re2 & :e!r we h he$$ x or neglect$ x1 we h always he>d x4 ,out ( ?is cry came ! bir? control movem5t4 ,economic conditions h naturally made ?is elem5tal ne$ m pla92 sometimes !y h l5t a m desp]ate voice to woman's cry = fre$om4 ,m5 & wom5 h aris5 s9ce ,kn[lton & ,rob]t ,dale ,ow51 to advocate ! use ( contraceptives1 b aside f ^! two none has come =w>d to sep>ate x f o!r issues ( sex fre$om4 ,b ! bir? control movem5t z a movem5t = woman's basic fre$om 0 born ( t unceas+ cry ( ! socially repress$1 spiritually /ifl$ woman :o is con/antly dem&+3 ,:at c ,i d to avoid m *ildr58 ,:5 x came "t to ar\se new public int]e/ 9 bir? control & organize a movem5t1 x 0 f\nd exp$i5t to employ direct & dra/ic me?ods to awak5 a slumb]+ public4 ,! ,woman ,rebel1 a mon?ly magaz9e1 0 e/abli%$ to proclaim ! gospel ( revolt4 ,:5 its mission 0 accompli%$ & ! words bir? control 7 on _! way to be a symbol ( woman's fre$om 9 all civiliz$ tongues1 x w5t out ( exi/5ce4 ,! deceptive obsc5ity law1 invok$ (t5] to repress womanhood & smo!r sci5tific k ?an to re/ra9 ! di/ribution ( v]bal & pictorial pornography1 0 delib]ately *all5g$4 ,?is c\rse _h two purposes4 ,x *all5g$ ! con/itutionality ( ! law & !reby br\ght k ( contraceptives to hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( wom54 ,! fir/ g5]al1 organiz$ ef=t rea*$ 9 v>i\s ways to all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,p>ticul> att5tion 0 paid to ! m9+ di/ricts ( ,we/ ,virg9ia & ,montana1 ! mill t[ns ( ,new ,engl& & ! cotton di/ricts ( ! ,s\!rn /ates4 ,m5 & wom5 f all ^! di/ricts welcom$ ! movem5t4 ,!y s5t lett]s pl$g+ _! loyalty & _! active assi/ance4 ,!y p>ticipat$ directly & indirectly 9 ! prote/ :i* awak5$ ! c\ntry4 ,z "t w5t on1 ! "w 0 ext5d$ to v>i\s =eign elem5ts ( ! population1 ?is be+ made possible by ! en?usia/ic coop]ation ( work]s :o speak ! =eign languages4 ,leagues 7 =m$ to organize ^? :o favor$ *ang+ ! laws4 ,lectures 7 deliv]$ ?r\gh\t ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,articles 7 writt5 by em95t physicians1 sci5ti/s1 re=m]s & revolutioni/s4 ,debates 7 arrang$4 ,newspap]s & magaz9es ( all k9ds1 classes & languages gave ! subject ( bir? control s]i\s att5tion1 tak+ "o side or ! o!r ( ! discussion t 0 ar\s$4 ,new books on ! subject began to appe>4 ,books by =eign au?ors 7 repr9t$ & di/ribut$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! ,bir? ,control ,review1 edit$ by volunt>y ef=t & support$ by a /ock company ( wom5 :o make contributions in/ead ( tak+ divid5ds1 0 f\nd$ & cont9ues its "w4 ,aft] a ye>'s /udy 9 =eign c\ntries = ! purpose ( supplem5t+ ! k ga9$ 9 my f\rte5 ye>s z a nurse1 ,i came back to ! ,unit$ ,/ates det]m9$ to op5 a cl9ic4 ,i _h decid$ t !re c\ld be no bett] way ( demon/rat+ to ! public ! necessity ( bir? control & ! welcome x w\ld receive ?an by tak+ ! k ( contraceptive me?ods directly to ^? :o mo/ ne$$ x4 ,a cl9ic 0 op5$ 9 ,brooklyn4 ,!re #dhj wom5 receiv$ in=mation be=e ! police clos$ ! consult+ rooms & arre/$ ,e!l ,byrne1 a regi/]$ nurse1 ,fania ,m9dell1 a translator1 & myself4 ,! purpose ( ?is cl9ic 0 to demon/rate to ! public ! practicability & ! necessity ( su* in/itutions4 ,all wom5 :o came seek+ in=mation 7 work+m5's wives4 ,all _h *ildr54 ,no unm>ri$ girls came at all4 ,m5 came ^: wives _h nurs+ *ildr5 & c\ld n come4 ,wom5 came f ! f>!r p>ts ( ,long ,isl&1 f cities 9 ,massa*usetts & ,connecticut & ev5 m di/ant places4 ,mo!rs br\ght _! m>ri$ daught]s4 ,"s ^: ages 7 f #be to #ce look$ fifty1 b ! cl9ic gave !m new hope to face ! ye>s ahead4 ,^! wom5 inv>iably express$ _! love = *ildr51 b voic$ a common plea = means to avoid o!rs1 9 ord] t !y might give suffici5t c>e to ^? already born4 ,!y want$ !m to gr[ up dec5t4 ,= t5 days ! two rooms ( ?is cl9ic 7 cr[d$ to _! utmo/4 ,!n came ! police4 ,we 7 haul$ (f to jail & ev5tually convict$ ( a crime4 ,e!l ,byrne in/itut$ a hung] /rike = elev5 days1 :i* attract$ att5tion ?r\gh\t ! nation4 ,x br\ght to public notice ! fact t wom5 7 ready to die = ! pr9ciple ( volunt>y mo!rhood4 ,s /rong 0 ! s5tim5t evok$ t ,gov]nor ,:itman p>don$ ,mrs4 ,byrne4 ,no s+le act ( self-sacrifice 9 ! hi/ory ( ! bir?-control movem5t has done m to awak5 ! consci5ce ( ! public or to ar\se ! c\rage ( wom51 ?an did ,e!l ,byrne's de$ ( uncompromis+ res5tm5t at ! outrage ( jail+ wom5 :o 7 attempt+ to dissem9ate k :i* w\ld emancipate ! mo!rhood ( ,am]ica4 ,c\rage l h]s & l t ( o!rs :o h und]gone arre/ & imprisonm5t1 or :o night aft] night & day aft] day h fac$ /reet cr[ds to speak or to sell lit]ature--! fai? & ! untir+ labors ( /ill o!rs :o h n come into public notice--h giv5 ! movem5t its dauntless "* & assure ! f9al victory4 ,"o dismal fact _h become cle> long be=e ! ,br[nsville cl9ic 0 op5$4 ,! m$ical pr(ession z a :ole _h ignor$ ! tragic cry ( womanhood = relief f =c$ mat]nity4 ,! private practition]s1 "o aft] ano!r1 %ook _! heads & repli$3 ,x _c be done4 ,x is aga9/ ! law1 & ! same answ] came f cl9ics & public hospitals4 ,! decision ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,c\rt ( ,appeals has dispos$ ( t objection1 h[ev]1 ?\gh z yet few physicians h c>$ to make public ! fact t !y take advantage ( ! decision4 ,:ile ! decision ( ! l[] c\rts 9 my own case 0 upheld1 p>tly because ,i 0 a nurse & n a physician1 ! c\rt incid5tally held t "u ! laws z !y n[ /& 9 ,new ,york1 any physician has a "r to imp>t in=mation conc]n+ contraceptives to wom5 z a measure = cur+ or prev5t+ disease4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates ,supreme ,c\rt ?rew out my appeal )\t consid]ation ( ! m]its ( ! case4 ,!re=e1 ! decision ( ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,c\rt ( ,appeals /&s4 ,& "u t decision1 a physician has a "r1 & x is !re=e 8 duty1 to prescribe contraceptives 9 su* cases1 at lea/1 z ^? involv+ disease4 ,x is true t ,section #aadb ( ! ,p5al ,code ( ,new ,york ,/ate does n except ! m$ical man1 & does n all[ him to in/ruct 8 pati5t 9 bir? control me?ods1 ev5 ?\gh %e is suff]+ f tub]culosis1 syphilis1 kidney disord]s or he>t disease4 ,)\t look+ f>!r1 ! physicians _h let t section g at its face value4 ,no doctor _h que/ion$ ei!r its purpose or its legal scope4 ,! m$ical pr(ession 0 cont5t to let ?is app>5t limitation ^u its rights /&1 & x rema9$ = a woman to g to jail to demon/rate ! fact t "u ano!r section ( ! same code--#aade--! physician _h ! vital "r j describ$4 ,x is safe to say t _m physicians d n ev5 yet "k ( _! legal rights 9 ?is matt]4 ,b "h is :at ! ,new ,york ,/ate ,c\rt ( ,appeals said on ,janu>y #h1 #aiah1 9 an op9ion ?us f> unque/ion$ & :i* is ! law ( ! /ate3 ,secondly1 by section #aade ( ! ,p5al ,law1 physicians are except$ f ! provisions ( ?is act "u circum/ances !re9 m5tion$4 ,?is section reads3 ',an article or in/rum5t1 us$ or appli$ by physicians lawfully practic+1 or by _! direction or prescription1 = ! cure or prev5tion ( disease1 is n an article ( indec5t or immoral nature or use1 )9 ?is article4 ,! supply+ ( su* articles to su* physicians or by _! direction or prescription1 is n an (f5se "u ?is article4' ,?is exception 9 behalf ( physicians does n p]mit adv]tisem5ts reg>d+ su* matt]s1 nor promiscu\s advice to pati5ts irrespective ( _! condition1 b x is broad en\gh to protect ! physician :o 9 good fai? gives su* help or advice to a m>ri$ p]son to cure or prev5t disease4 ',disease1' by ,web/]'s ,int]national ,diction>y1 is def9$ to be1 'an alt]ation 9 ! /ate ( ! body1 or ( "s ( its organs1 int]rupt+ or di/urb+ ! p]=mance ( ! vital functions1 & caus+ or ?reat5+ pa9 & sickness2 illness1 disord]4' ,! protection ?us af=d$ ! physician w\ld also ext5d to ! druggi/1 or v5dor1 act+ ^u ! physician's prescription or ord]4 ,section #aadb1 :i* %amelessly classes contraceptive in=mation ) abortion & ?+s obsc5e1 /ill /&s1 b "u ! decision ( ! ,c\rt ( ,appeals1 x is ! law ( ,new ,york ,/ate t physicians h ! "r :i* !y 7 seem+ly d5i$4 ,su* is probably ! fact1 also1 9 _m o!r /ates1 = ! s-call$ obsc5ity laws are modell$ m or less1 aft] ! same patt]n4 ,"o ( ! *ief results ( ! ,br[nsville cl9ic 0 t ( e/abli%+ = physicians a "r :i* !y neglect$ to e/abli% = !mselves1 b :i* !y are b\nd1 9 ! v nature ( ?+s1 to ex]cise to an increas+ degree4 ,simil> te/s by wom5 9 o!r /ates w\ld d\btless e/abli% ! "r else:]e 9 ,am]ica4 ,we "k ( "s ?irty-five arre/s ( wom5 & m5 :o h d>$ entr5*$ prejudice & ! law to fur!r ! cause ( bir? control4 ,! p]si/5t "w 9 behalf ( ! movem5t1 att5d$ z x 0 by dang] ( f9es & jail s5t5ces1 seem$ to puzzle ! au?orities4 ,sometimes !y dismiss$ ! arre/$ p]sons1 sometimes !y f9$ !m1 sometimes !y imprison$ !m4 ,b ! prote/s w5t on1 & ?r\gh ^! self-sacrifices1 ^w ( ! movem5t w5t con/antly to m & m p4 ,ea* ( ^! arre/s br\ght add$ publicity4 ,ea* became a c5t] ( local agitation4 ,ea* br\ght a "p ( ! public1 at lea/1 face to face ) ! issue betwe5 ! wom5 ( ,am]ica & ?is b>b>\s law4 ,_m ?\s&s ( lett]s h be5 answ]$ & ?\s&s ( wom5 h be5 giv5 p]sonal consultations4 ,ea* lett] & ea* consultation means ano!r c5t] ( influ5ce f :i* ! gospel ( volunt>y mo!rhood spreads4 ,=c$ ?us to ! front1 ! problems ( bir? control & ! "r ( volunt>y mo!rhood h be5 br\ght m & m to ! att5tion ( m$ical /ud5ts1 nurses1 midwives1 physicians1 sci5ti/s & sociologi/s4 ,a new lit]ature1 rang+ all ! way f discussion ( ! means ( prev5t+ conception to ! social1 political1 e?ical1 moral & spiritual possibilities ( bir? control1 is com+ into be+4 ,woman's cry = lib]ty is infus+ itself into ! ?\ghts & ! consci5ces & ! aspirations ( ! intellectual lead]s z well z into ! idealism ( society4 ,x is b a few ye>s s9ce x 0 said ( ,! ,woman ,rebel t x 0 ! fir/ un-veil$ head rais$ 9 ,am]ica4 ,x is b a few ye>s s9ce m5 z well z wom5 trembl$ at ! tem]ity ( a public discussion 9 :i* ! subject ( sex 0 m5tion$4 ,b1 measur$ 9 progress1 x is a f> cry f ^? days4 ,! public has read ( bir? control on ! fir/ page ( its newspap]s4 ,x has discuss$ x 9 meet+s & 9 clubs4 ,x has be5 a favorite topic ( discussion at correct teas4 ,! sci5ti/ is giv+ x rev]5t & pr(\nd att5tion4 ,ev5 ! m9i/]1 seek+ to keep abrea/ ( ! times1 proclaims x f ! pulpit4 ,& ev]y:]e1 s]i\s-m9d$ wom5 & m51 ^? ) ! vision1 ) a compreh5sion ( pres5t & future ne$s ( society1 are work+ to br+ ?is message to ^? :o h n yet realiz$ its imm5se & reg5]at+ import4 ,! ,am]ican public1 9 a ^w1 has be5 p]meat$ ) ! message ( bir? control4 ,its reaction to t message has be5 exce$+ly enc\rag+4 ,p by ! ?\s&s h flock$ to ! meet+s4 ,only ! (ficial m9d1 s]v+ anci5t prejudices "u ! cloak ( law & ord]1 has be5 9 opposition4 ,x is pla9 t puritanism is 9 ! ?roes ( a l+]+ dea?4 ,if anyone d\bts x1 let x be rememb]$ t ! same p :o1 a few ye>s ago1 =m$ ! (ficial op9ion ( puritanism h s f> =sak5 puritanism z to flood ! c\ntry ) millions ( pamphlets discuss+ sex matt]s & v5]eal disease4 ,?is lit]ature 0 di/ribut$ by ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,gov]nm5t1 by /ate gov]nm5ts1 by ! ,y4,m4,c4,a41 ! ,y4,w4,c4,a41 & by simil> organizations4 ,x treat$ ! physiology ( sex f> m def9itely ?an has bir?-control lit]ature4 ,?is (ficial educational b>rage 0 at once a spl5did salute to ! "r ( wom5 & m5 to "k _! own bodies & ! la/ heavy fir+ 9 ! ma9 battle aga9/ ignorance 9 ! field ( sex4 ,:at rema9s n[ is b to take advantage ( ! victories4 ,:at does x all mean8 ,x means t ,am]ican womanhood is bla/+ its way ?r\gh ! dbris ( crumbl+ moral & religi\s sy/ems t[>d fre$om4 ,x means t ! pa? is all b cle>4 ,x means t woman has b to press on1 m c\rage\sly1 m confid5tly1 ) h] face set m firmly t[>d ! goal4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii ,,! ,,goal ,:at is ! goal ( woman's upw>d /ruggle8 ,is x volunt>y mo!rhood8 ,is x g5]al fre$om8 ,or is x ! bir? ( a new race8 ,= fre$om is n fruitless1 b prolific ( high] ?+s4 ,be+ ! mo/ sacr$ aspect ( woman's fre$om1 volunt>y mo!rhood is mo!rhood 9 its highe/ & holie/ =m4 ,x is mo!rhood un*a9$--mo!rhood ready to obey its own urge to remake ! _w4 ,volunt>y mo!rhood implies a new morality--a vigor\s1 con/ructive1 lib]at$ morality4 ,t morality w1 fir/ ( all1 prev5t ! subm]g5ce ( womanhood into mo!rhood4 ,x w set its face aga9/ ! conv]sion ( wom5 into me*anical mat]nity & t[>d ! creation ( a new race4 ,woman's rle has be5 t ( an incubator & little m4 ,%e has giv5 bir? to an incubat$ race4 ,%e has giv5 to h] *ildr5 :at little %e 0 p]mitt$ to give1 b ( h]self1 ( h] p]sonality1 almo/ no?+4 ,9 ! mass1 %e has br\ght =? quantity1 n quality4 ,! requirem5t ( a male dom9at$ civilization has be5 numb]s4 ,%e has met t requirem5t4 ,x is ! ess5tial function ( volunt>y mo!rhood to *oose its own mate1 to det]m9e ! "t ( *ildbe>+ & to regulate /rictly ! numb] ( (fspr+4 ,natural affection ^u h] "p1 in/ead ( selection dictat$ by social or economic advantage1 w give h] a bett] fa!rhood = h] *ildr54 ,! ex]cise ( h] "r to decide h[ _m *ildr5 %e w h & :5 %e %all h !m w procure = h] ! "t necess>y to ! developm5t ( o!r faculties ?an t ( reproduction4 ,%e w give play to h] ta/es1 h] tal5ts & h] ambitions4 ,%e w become a full-r\nd$ human be+4 ,?us & only ?us w woman be able to transmit to h] (fspr+ ^? qualities :i* make = a great] race4 ,! importance ( develop+ ^! qualities 9 ! mo!rs = transmission to ! *ildr5 is app>5t :5 we recall c]ta9 well-e/abli%$ pr9ciples ( biology4 ,9 all ( ! animal species bel[ ! human1 mo!rhood has a cle>ly disc]nible sup]iority ov] fa!rhood4 ,x is ! fir/ pulse ( organic life4 ,fa!rhood is ! f]tiliz+ elem5t4 ,its developm5t1 comp>$ to t ( ! "m cell1 is comp>atively new4 ,likewise1 its influ5ce ^u ! prog5y is comp>atively small4 ,!re are weighty au?orities :o ass]t t ?r\gh ! female alone comes ^? modifications ( =m1 capacity & ability :i* con/itute evolution>y progress4 ,x 0 ! mo!rs :o fir/ develop$ cunn+ 9 *ase1 +5uity 9 escap+ enemies1 skill 9 obta9+ food1 & adaptability4 ,x 0 !y also :o atta9$ unfail+ discretion 9 lead]%ip1 adaptation to environm5t & boldness 9 attack4 ,:5 ! animal k+dom z a :ole is survey$1 ^! /& out z di/9ctly fem99e traits4 ,!y /& out also z ! *>act]i/ics by :i* ! progress ( species is measur$4 ,:y is all ?is true ( ! l[] species yet n true ( human be+s8 ,! secret is reveal$ by "o significant fact--! female's functions 9 ^! animal species are n limit$ to mo!rhood alone4 ,e organ & faculty is fully employ$ & p]fect$4 ,?r\gh ! developm5t ( ! individual "m1 bett] & high] types ( animals are produc$ & c>ri$ =w>d4 ,9 a ^w1 natural law makes ! female ! expression & ! conveyor ( racial effici5cy4 ,bir? control itself1 (t5 d5\nc$ z a violation ( natural law1 is no?+ m or less ?an ! facilitation ( ! process ( we$+ out ! unfit1 ( prev5t+ ! bir? ( defectives or ( ^? :o w become defectives4 ,s1 9 compliance ) nature's work+ plan1 we mu/ p]mit womanhood its full developm5t be=e we c expect ( x effici5t mo!rhood4 ,if we are to make racial progress1 ?is developm5t ( womanhood mu/ prec$e mo!rhood 9 e individual woman4 ,!n & !n only c ! "m cease to be an incubator & be a "m inde$4 ,!n only c %e transmit to h] sons & daught]s ! qualities :i* make /rong individuals &1 collectively1 a /rong race4 ,volunt>y mo!rhood also implies ! "r ( m>riage )\t mat]nity4 ,two utt]ly diff]5t functions are develop$ 9 ! two relation%ips4 ,9 ord] to give ! mate relation%ip its full & free play1 x is necess>y t no woman %\ld be a "m aga9/ h] w4 ,!re are o!r reasons1 ( c\rse--reasons m frequ5tly emphasiz$--b ! reason j m5tion$ %\ld nev] be ov]look$4 ,x is z important to ! race z to ! woman1 = ?r\gh x is develop$ t high love impulse :i*1 convey$ to ! *ild1 attunes & p]fects its be+4 ,m>riage1 q aside f p>5tage1 also gives two p invaluable exp]i5ce4 ,:5 p>5tage foll[s 9 its prop] "t1 x is a bett] p>5tage because ( ! mutual adju/m5t & developm5t--because ( ! k ?us ga9$4 ,few c\ples are fitt$ to und]/& ! sacr$ my/]y ( *ild life until !y h solv$ "s ( ! problems aris+ out ( _! own love lives4 ,mat]nal love1 :i* usually foll[s ^u a happy1 satisfy+ mate love1 becomes a /rong & urg5t crav+4 ,x !n exi/s = two p[]ful1 creative functions4 ,fir/1 = its own sake1 & !n = ! sake ( fur!r enri*+ ! conjugal relation%ip4 ,x is f su* soil t ! new life %\ld spr+4 ,x is ! inh]5t "r ( ! new life to h its inception 9 su* physical gr\nd1 9 su* spiritual atmosph]e4 ,! *ild ?us born is inde$ a fl[] ( love & trem5d\s joy4 ,x has )9 x ! se$s ( c\rage & ( p[]4 ,?is *ild w h ! greate/ /r5g? to surm\nt h>d%ips1 to )/& tyrannies1 to set /ill high] ! m>k ( human a*ievem5t4 ,%all we pause "h to speak aga9 ( ! rights ( womanhood1 9 itself & ( itself1 to be absolutely free8 ,we h talk$ ( ?is "r s mu* 9 ^! pages1 only to le>n t 9 ! end1 a free womanhood turns ( its own desire to a free & happy mo!rhood1 a mo!rhood :i* does n subm]ge ! woman1 b :i* is enri*$ because %e is unsubm]g$4 ,:5 we voice1 !n1 ! necessity ( sett+ ! fem99e _s utt]ly & absolutely free1 ?\ght turns naturally n to rights ( ! woman1 nor inde$ ( ! "m1 b to ! rights ( ! *ild--( all *ildr5 9 ! _w4 ,= ?is is ! miracle ( free womanhood1 t 9 its fre$om x becomes ! race "m & op5s its he>t 9 fruitful affection = humanity4 ,h[ n>r[1 h[ pitifully puny has become mo!rhood 9 its *a9s6 ,! mod]n mo!rhood enfolds "o or two ador+ *ildr5 ( its own blood1 & *]i%es1 protects & loves !m4 ,x does n rea* out to all *ildr54 ,:5 mo!rhood is a high privilege1 n a sordid1 slavi% requirem5t1 x w encircle all4 ,its deep1 passionate int5sity w ov]fl[ ! limits ( blood relation%ip4 ,its beauty w %9e ^u all1 = its beauty is ( ! s\l1 ^: p[] ( enfoldm5t is unb\nd$4 ,:5 mo!rhood becomes ! fruit ( a deep ye>n+1 n ! result ( ignorance or accid5t1 its *ildr5 w become ! f\ndation ( a new race4 ,!re w be no kill+ ( babies 9 ! womb by abortion1 nor ?r\gh neglect 9 f\ndl+ homes1 nor w !re be infanticide4 ,nei!r w *ildr5 die by in*es 9 mills & factories4 ,no man w d>e to break a *ild's life ^u ! :eel ( toil4 ,volunt>y mo!rhood w n be passive1 resign$1 or weak4 ,out ( its crav+ w come =? a fi]c5ess ( love = its fruits t w make su* m5 z rema9 unawak5$ /& agha/ at its fury :5 (f5d$4 ,! tigress is less t]rible 9 def5se ( h] (fspr+ ?an w be ! human "m4 ,! daught]s ( su* wom5 w n be giv5 ov] to inju/ice & to pro/itution2 ! sons w n p]i% 9 indu/ry nor ^u ! battle field4 ,nor c\ld !y meet ^! all too common fates if an undaunt$ mo!rhood 7 !re to def5d4 ,*ildhood & y\? w be too valuable 9 ! eyes ( society to wa/e !m 9 ! murd]\s mills ( bl9d gre$ & hate4 ,?is is ! dawn4 ,womanhood %akes (f its bondage4 ,x ass]ts its "r to be free4 ,9 its fre$om1 its ?\ghts turn to ! race4 ,l begets l4 ,we ga!r p]fect fruit f p]fect trees4 ,! race is b ! amplification ( its "m body1 ! multiplication ( fle% habitations--beautifi$ & p]fect$ = s\ls ak9 to ! "m s\l4 ,! rel5tless ef=ts ( reaction>y au?ority to suppress ! message ( bir? control & ( volunt>y mo!rhood are futile4 ,! p[]s ( reaction _c n[ prev5t ! fem99e _s f break+ its bonds4 ,:5 ! la/ fett] falls ! evils t h result$ f ! suppression ( woman's w to fre$om w pass4 ,*ild slav]y1 pro/itution1 feeblem9d$ness1 physical det]ioration1 hung]1 oppression & w> w disappe> f ! e>?4 ,9 _! subjection wom5 h n be5 brave en\gh1 /rong en\gh1 pure en\gh to br+ =? great sons & daught]s4 ,abus$ soil br+s =? /unt$ gr[?s4 ,an abus$ mo!rhood has br\ght =? a l[ ord] ( humanity4 ,great be+s come =? at ! call ( high desire4 ,fe>less mo!rhood goes out 9 love & passion = ju/ice to all mank9d4 ,x br+s =? fruits aft] its own k9d4 ,:5 ! womb becomes fruitful ?r\gh ! desire ( an aspir+ love1 ano!r ,newton w come =? to unlock fur!r ! secrets ( ! e>? & ! />s4 ,!re w come a ,plato :o w be und]/ood1 a ,socrates :o w dr9k no hemlock1 & a ,jesus :o w n die ^u ! cross4 ,^! & ! race t is to be 9 ,am]ica await ^u a mo!rhood t is to be sacr$ because x is free4