,copyright 7,c7 #bjjb by ,lidija ,rangelovska4 ,moral ,delib]ations 9 ,mod]n ,c9ema #as/ ,,edition ,sam ,vakn91 ,ph4,d4 ,edit+ & ,design3 ,lidija ,rangelovska ,lidija ,rangelovska ,a ,n>cissus ,publications ,impr9t1 ,skopje #bjjc ,n = ,sale6 ,non-comm]cial edition4 #bjjb ,copyright ,lidija ,rangelovska4 ,all rights res]v$4 ,?is book1 or any "p !re(1 may n be us$ or reproduc$ 9 any mann] )\t writt5 p]mission f3 ,lidija ,rangelovska - write to3 palmaunet4com4mk or to vakn9l9k4com4mk ,visit ! ,au?or ,ar*ive ( ,dr4 ,sam ,vakn9 9 ,c5tral ,europe ,review3 http3_/_/www4ce-review4org_/au?or>*ives_ /vakn9ar*ive_/vakn9ma94htm l ,visit ,sam ,vakn9's ,unit$ ,press ,int]national 7,,upi7 ,article ,ar*ive -,click ,,"h6 ,philosophical ,mus+s & ,essays http3_/_/samvak4tripod4com_/culture4html ,malignant ,self ,love - ,n>cissism ,revisit$ http3_/_/samvak4tripod4com_/ ,creat$ by3 ,,lidija ,,rangelovska ,,republic ,,( ,,mac$onia ,c ,o ,n ,t ,e ,n ,t ,s ,i4 ,! ,tal5t$ ,mr4 ,ripley ,,ii4 ,! ,truman ,%[ ,,iii4 ,! ,matrix ,,iv4 ,%att]$ ,v4 ,titanic ,,vi4 ,be+ ,john ,malkovi* ,,vii4 ,dreamcat*] - ,! ,my? ( ,de/ructibility ,,viii4 ,! ,au?or ,,ix4 ,ab\t ,aft] ! ,ra9 ,! ,tal5t$ ,mr4 ,ripley ,by3 ,sam ,vakn9 ,! ,tal5t$ ,mr4 ,ripley is an ,hit*cockian & blood-curdl+ /udy ( ! psy*opa? & 8 victims4 ,at ! c5tre ( ?is ma/]piece1 set 9 ! exquisitely decad5t scapes ( ,italy1 is a titanic enc\nt] betwe5 ,ripley1 ! a=em5tion$ psy*opa? protagoni/ & "y ,gre5leaf1 a consummate n>cissi/4 ,ripley is a c>tooni%ly poor "y adult ^: ov]rid+ desire is to belong to a high] - or at lea/1 ri*] - social class4 ,:ile he waits ^u ! subjects ( 8 n s hidd5 desires1 he receives an (f] he _c refuse3 to travel to ,italy to retrieve ! spoil$ & h$oni/ic son ( a %ipbuild+ magnate1 ,gre5leaf ,s5ior4 ,he emb>ks ^u a /udy ( ,junior's biography1 p]sonality1 likes & hobbies4 ,9 a *ill+ly detail$ process1 he actually assumes ,gre5leaf's id5tity4 ,disemb>k+ f a luxuri\s ,cun>d l9] 9 8 de/9ation1 ,italy1 he confesses to a gullible textile-heiress t he is ! "y ,gre5leaf1 travell+ incognito4 ,?us1 we are subtly introduc$ to ! two ov]-rid+ !mes ( ! antisocial p]sonality disord] 7/ill labell$ by _m pr(essional au?orities psy*opa?y & sociopa?y73 an ov]:elm+ dysphoria & an ev5 m ov]we5+ drive to assuage ?is ang/ by belong+4 ,! psy*opa? is an unhappy p]son4 ,he is besieg$ by recurr5t depression b\ts1 hypo*ondria & an ov]p[]+ s5se ( ali5ation & drift4 ,he is bor$ ) 8 own life & is p]meat$ by a see?+ & explosive envy ( ! lucky1 ! mighty1 ! clev]1 ! h x alls1 ! "k x alls1 ! h&some1 ! happy - 9 %ort3 8 opposites4 ,he feels discrim9at$ aga9/ & dealt a poor h& 9 ! great pok] game call$ life4 ,he is driv5 obsessively to "r ^! p]ceiv$ wrongs & feels entirely ju/ifi$ 9 adopt+ :atev] means he deems necess>y 9 pursu+ ?is goal4 ,ripley's reality te/ is ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t ! film4 ,9 o!r words - :ile he gradually m]ges ) ! object ( 8 admir+ emulation1 ! "y ,gre5leaf - ,ripley c always tell ! diff]5ce4 ,aft] he kills ,gre5leaf 9 self-def5se1 he assumes 8 "n1 we>s 8 clo!s1 ca%es 8 *ecks & makes phone calls f 8 rooms4 ,b he also murd]s - or tries to murd] - ^? :o suspect ! tru?4 ,^! acts ( le?al self-pres]vation prove conclusively t he kn[s :o he is & t he fully realizes t 8 acts are p>l\sly illegal4 ,"y ,gre5leaf is "y1 captivat+ly en]getic1 inf9itely *>m+1 brea?tak+ly h&some & deceiv+ly emotional4 ,he lacks real tal5ts - he "k h[ to play only six jazz tunes1 c't make up 8 musical m9d betwe5 8 fai?ful sax & a newly allur+ drum kit &1 an aspir+ writ]1 c't ev5 spell4 ,^! %ortcom+s & discrepancies are tuck$ "u a glitt]+ facade ( non-*alance1 refre%+ spontaneity1 an exp]im5tal _s1 unrepress$ sexuality & unre/ra9$ adv5turism4 ,b ,gre5leaf ,jr4 is a g>d5 v>iety n>cissi/4 ,he *eats on 8 lovely & lov+ girlfri5d1 ,m>ge4 ,he refuses to l5d money - ( :i* he seems to h an unlimit$ supply1 c\rtesy 8 ev] m dis5*ant$ fa!r - to a girl he impregnat$4 ,%e commits suicide & he blames ! primitiv5ess ( ! em]g5cy s]vices1 sulks & kicks 8 preci\s record play]4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ?is infantile temp] tantrum ! rudim5ts ( a consci5ce are visible4 ,he evid5tly feels guilty4 ,at lea/ = a :ile4 ,gre5leaf ,jr4 falls 9 & out ( love & fri5d%ip 9 a pr$ictable p5dul\s rhy?m4 ,he idealizes 8 beaus & !n devalues !m4 ,he f9ds !m to be ! quiddity ( fasc9ation "o mom5t - & ! di/ill$ ess5ce ( bor$om ! next4 ,& he is n %y ab\t express+ 8 di/a/e & dis5*antm5t4 ,he is savagely cruel z he calls ,ripley a lea* :o has tak5 ov] 8 life & 8 possessions 7hav+ previ\sly invit$ him to d s 9 no unc]ta9 t]ms74 ,he says t he is reliev$ to see him g & he cancels (f-h&$ly elaborate plans !y made toge!r4 ,gre5leaf ,jr4 ma9ta9s a poor record ( keep+ promises & a ri* record ( viol5ce1 z we discov] t[>ds ! end ( ?is susp5seful1 taut y>n4 ,ripley himself lacks an id5tity4 ,he is a b9>y automaton driv5 by a set ( two in/ructions - become someone & ov]come resi/ance4 ,he feels l a nobody & 8 ov]rid+ ambition is to be somebody1 ev5 if he has to fake x1 or /eal x4 ,8 only tal5ts1 he op5ly admits1 are to fake bo? p]sonalities & pap]s4 ,he is a pr$ator & he hunts = congru5ce1 cohesion & mean+4 ,he is 9 con/ant se>* ( a family4 ,gre5leaf ,jr41 he decl>es fe/ively1 is ! old] bro!r he nev] _h4 ,toge!r ) ! long suff]+ fiancee 9 wait+1 ,m>ge1 !y are a family4 ,hasn't ,gre5leaf ,sr4 actually adopt$ him8 ,?is id5tity di/urbance1 :i* is at ! psy*odynamic root ( bo? pa?ological n>cissism & rapaci\s psy*opa?y1 is all-p]vasive4 ,bo? ,ripley & ,gre5leaf ,jr4 are n sure :o !y are4 ,ripley wants to be ,gre5leaf ,jr4 - n because ( ! latt]'s admirable p]sonality1 b because ( 8 money4 ,gre5leaf ,jr4 cultivates a ,false ,self ( a jazz giant 9 ! mak+ & ! au?or ( ! ,great ,am]ican ,novel b he is nei!r & he bitt]ly kn[s x4 ,ev5 _! sexual id5tity is n fully =m$4 ,ripley is at once homo]otic1 auto]otic & het]o]otic4 ,he has a succession ( homosexual lov]s 7?\gh app>5tly only platonic ones74 ,yet1 he is attract$ to wom54 ,he falls desp]ately 9 love ) ,gre5leaf's ,false ,self & x is ! revelation ( ! latt]'s dilapidat$ ,true ,self t leads to ! atavi/ically bloody sc5e 9 ! boat4 ,b ,ripley is a diff]5t -& m om9\s - bea/ altoge!r4 ,he rambles on ab\t ! metaphorical d>k *amb] ( 8 secrets1 ! key to :i* he wi%es to %>e ) a lov$ "o4 ,b ?is act ( %>+ 7:i* nev] mat]ializes7 is int5d$ m]ely to alleviate ! con/ant pressure ( ! hot pursuit he is subject$ to by ! police & o!rs4 ,he disposes ) equal equanimity ( bo? lov$ ones & ! occasional pry+ acqua9tance4 ,at lea/ twice he utt]s words ( love z he actually /rangles 8 newf\nd inamorato & tries to sla% an old & rek9dl$ flame4 ,he hesitates n a split second :5 confront$ ) an (f] to betray ,gre5leaf ,sr41 8 nom9al employ] & b5efactor1 & abscond ) 8 money4 ,he falsifies signatures ) ease1 makes eye contact conv9c+ly1 fla%es ! mo/ he>t r5d+ smile :5 emb>rass$ or endang]$4 ,he is a c>icature ( ! ,am]ican dream3 ambiti\s1 driv51 w9some1 well v]s$ 9 ! mantras ( ! b\rgeoisie4 ,b b5ea? ?is ?9 v5e] ( h>d le>n$1 self-consci\s & uneasy civility - lurks a bea/ ( prey be/ *>act]iz$ by ! ,,dsm ,,iv 7,diagno/ic & ,/ati/ics ,manual73 ,failure to con=m to social norms ) respect to lawful behavi\r1 deceitfulness z indicat$ by repeat$ ly+1 use ( aliases1 or conn+ o!rs to p]sonal pr(it or pleasure1 impulsivity or failure to plan ahead444 reckless disreg>d = safety ( self or o!rs 4447& above all7 lack ( remorse4 7,f ! crit]ia ( ! ,antisocial ,p]sonality ,disord]74 ,b p]haps ! mo/ intrigu+ portraits are ^? ( ! victims4 ,m>ge insi/s1 9 ! face ( ! mo/ call\s & abusive behavi\r1 t !re is some?+ t5d] 9 ,gre5leaf ,jr4 ,:5 %e confronts ! beguil+ mon/]1 ,ripley1 %e enc\nt]s ! fate ( all victims ( psy*opa?s3 disbelief1 pity & ridicule4 ,! tru? is too horrible to contemplate1 let alone compreh5d4 ,psy*opa?s are inhuman 9 ! mo/ pr(\nd s5se ( ?is comp\nd$ ^w4 ,_! emotions & consci5ce h be5 amputat$ & replac$ by phantom imitations4 ,b x is r>e to pi]ce _! meticul\sly craft$ facade4 ,!y m (t5 ?an n g on to great success & social acceptance :ile _! detractors are relegat$ to ! fr+es ( society4 ,bo? ,m]$i? & ,pet]1 :o _h ! mis=tune ( fall+ 9 deep1 unrequit$ love ) ,ripley1 are puni%$4 ,"o by los+ 8 life1 ! o!r by los+ ,ripley "t & aga91 my/]i\sly1 caprici\sly1 cruelly4 ,?us1 ultimately1 ! film is an intricate /udy ( ! p]nici\s ways ( psy*opa?ology4 ,m5tal disord] is a v5om n conf9$ to its s\rce4 ,x spreads & affects its environm5t 9 a myriad surreptiti\sly subtle =ms4 ,x is a hydra1 gr[+ "o hundr$ heads :]e "o 0 sev]$4 ,its victims wri! & z abuse is pil$ ^u trauma - !y turn to /one1 ! mute witnesses ( horror1 ! /alactites & /alagmites ( pa9 untold & unrec\ntable4 ,= _! torm5tors are (t5 z tal5t$ z ,mr4 ,ripley is & !y are z helpless & z clueless z 8 victims are4 ,! ,truman ,%[ ,by3 ,sam ,vakn9 ,! ,truman ,%[ is a pr(\ndly di/urb+ movie4 ,on ! surface1 x deals ) ! worn out issue ( ! int]m+l+ ( life & ! m$ia4 ,examples = su* ince/u\s relation%ips ab\nd3 ,ronald ,reagan1 ! c9ematic presid5t 0 also a presid5tial movie />4 ,9 ano!r movie 7,! ,philadelphia ,exp]im5t7 a defro/$ ,rip ,van ,w9kle exclaims ^u see+ ,reagan on television 7#dj ye>s aft] 8 =c$ hib]nation />t$73 ,i "k ?is guy1 he us$ to play ,c[boys 9 ! movies4 ,c&id cam]as monitor ! lives ( webma/]s 7website own]s7 almo/ #bd h\rs a day4 ,! result+ images are cont9u\sly po/$ on ! ,web & are available to anyone ) a comput]4 ,! la/ decade witness$ a spate ( films1 all conc]n$ ) ! confusion betwe5 life & ! imitations ( life1 ! m$ia4 ,! +5i\s ,capitan ,fracasse1 ,capricorn ,"o1 ,sliv]1 ,wag ! ,dog & _m less] films h all tri$ to tackle ?is 7un7=tunate /ate ( ?+s & its moral & practical implications4 ,! blurr+ l9e betwe5 life & its repres5tation 9 ! arts is arguably ! ma9 !me ( ,! ,truman ,%[4 ,! h]o1 ,truman1 lives 9 an artificial _w1 con/ruct$ especially = him4 ,he 0 born & rais$ !re4 ,he kn[s no o!r place4 ,! p ar\nd him - unbekn[n/ to him - are all actors4 ,8 life is monitor$ by #ejjj cam]as & broadca/ live to ! _w1 #bd h\rs a day1 e day4 ,he is spontane\s & funny because he is unaw>e ( ! mon/rosity ( :i* he is ! ma9 cog:eel4 ,b ,pet] ,weir1 ! movie's director1 takes ?is issue "o /ep fur!r by p]petrat+ a massive act ( immorality on scre54 ,truman is li$ to1 *eat$1 depriv$ ( 8 ability to make *oices1 controll$ & manipulat$ by s9i/]1 half-mad ,%ylocks4 ,z ,i said1 he is unwitt+ly ! only spontane\s1 non-script$1 actor 9 ! on-go+ soap] ( 8 own life4 ,all ! o!r figures 9 8 life1 includ+ 8 p>5ts1 are actors4 ,hundr$s ( millions ( view]s & voyeurs plug 9 to take a peep1 to intrude ^u :at ,truman innoc5tly & hone/ly believes to be 8 privacy4 ,!y are %[n respond+ to v>i\s dramatic or anti-climactic ev5ts 9 ,truman's life4 ,t we are ! moral equival5t ( ^! view]s-voyeurs1 accomplices to ! same crimes1 comes z a %ock+ realization to u4 ,we are 7live7 view]s & !y are 7celluloid7 view]s4 ,we bo? enjoy ,truman's inadv]t5t1 non-cons5t+1 exhibitionism4 ,we "k ! tru? ab\t ,truman & s d !y4 ,( c\rse1 we are 9 a privileg$ moral position because we "k x is a movie & !y "k x is a piece ( raw life t !y are wat*+4 ,b moviego]s ?r\gh\t ,hollywood's hi/ory h will+ly & insatiably p>ticipat$ 9 num]\s ,truman ,%[s4 ,! lives 7real or concoct$7 ( ! /udio />s 7 brutally exploit$ & incorporat$ 9 _! films4 ,jean ,h>l[1 ,b>b>a ,/anwyck1 ,james ,cagney all 7 =c$ to spill _! guts 9 ca?>tic acts ( on cam]a rep5tance & n s symbolic humiliation4 ,truman ,%[s is ! m common ph5om5on 9 ! movie indu/ry4 ,!n !re is ! "q ( ! director ( ! movie z ,god & ( ,god z ! director ( a movie4 ,! memb]s ( 8 team - te*nical & non-te*nical alike - obey ,*ri/(f1 ! director1 almo/ bl9dly4 ,!y susp5d _! bett] moral judgem5t & succumb to 8 :ims & to ! brutal & vulg> aspects ( 8 p]vasive di%one/y & sadism4 ,! tortur] loves 8 victims4 ,!y def9e him & infuse 8 life ) mean+4 ,caught 9 a n>rative1 ! movie says1 p act immorally4 7,,97fam\s psy*ological exp]im5ts support ?is ass]tion4 ,/ud5ts 7 l$ to adm9i/] :at !y ?\ght 7 deadly electric %ocks to _! colleagues or to treat !m be/ially 9 simulat$ prisons4 ,!y obey$ ord]s4 ,s did all ! hide\s g5ocidal crim9als 9 hi/ory4 ,! ,director ,weir asks3 %\ld ,god be all[$ to be immoral or %\ld he be b\nd by morality & e?ics8 ,%\ld 8 decisions & actions be con/ra9$ by an ov]-rid+ code ( "r & wrong8 ,%\ld we obey 8 comm&m5ts bl9dly or %\ld we ex]cise judgem5t8 ,if we d ex]cise judgem5t are we !n be+ immoral because ,god 7& ! ,director ,*ri/(f7 "k m 7ab\t ! _w1 ab\t u1 ! view]s & ab\t ,truman71 "k bett]1 are omnipot5t8 ,is ! ex]cise ( judgem5t ! usurpation ( div9e p[]s & attributes8 ,isn't ?is act ( rebelli\sness b\nd to lead u d[n ! pa? ( apocalypse8 ,x all boils d[n to ! "q ( free *oice & free w v]sus ! b5evol5t det]m9ism impos$ by an omnisci5t & omnipot5t be+4 ,:at is bett]3 to h ! *oice & be damn$ 7almo/ inevitably1 z 9 ! biblical n>rative ( ! ,g>d5 ( ,ed57 - or to succumb to ! sup]ior wisdom ( a supreme be+8 ,a *oice always involves a dilemma4 ,x is ! conflict betwe5 two equival5t /ates1 two weighty decisions ^: outcomes are equally desirable & two id5tically-pref]able c\rses ( action4 ,:]e !re is no su* equival5ce - !re is no *oice1 m]ely ! pre-orda9$ 7giv5 full k7 ex]cise ( a pref]5ce or incl9ation4 ,bees d n *oose to make honey4 ,a fan ( football does n *oose to wat* a football game4 ,he is motivat$ by a cle> inequity betwe5 ! *oices t he faces4 ,he c read a book or g to ! game4 ,8 decision is cle> & pre-det]m9$ by 8 pr$ilection & by ! inevitable & inv>iable implem5tation ( ! pr9ciple ( pleasure4 ,!re is no *oice "h4 ,x is all r automatic4 ,b comp>e ?is to ! *oice "s victims _h to make betwe5 two ( _! *ildr5 9 ! face ( ,nazi brutality4 ,:i* *ild to s5t5ce to dea? - :i* "o to s5t5ce to life8 ,n[1 ?is is a real *oice4 ,x involves conflict+ emotions ( equal /r5g?4 ,"o mu/ n confuse decisions1 opportunities & *oice4 ,decisions are ! m]e selection ( c\rses ( action4 ,?is selection c be ! result ( a *oice or ! result ( a t5d5cy 7consci\s1 unconsci\s1 or biological-g5etic74 ,opportunities are curr5t /ates ( ! _w1 :i* all[ = a decision to be made & to affect ! future /ate ( ! _w4 ,*oices are our consci\s exp]i5ce ( moral or o!r dilemmas4 ,*ri/(f f9ds x /range t ,truman - hav+ discov]$ ! tru? - insi/s ^u 8 "r to make *oices1 i4e41 ^u 8 "r to exp]i5ce dilemmas4 ,to ! ,director1 dilemmas are pa9ful1 unnecess>y1 de/ructive1 or at be/ disruptive4 ,8 utopian _w - ! "o he con/ruct$ = ,truman - is *oice-free & dilemma-free4 ,truman is programm$ n 9 ! s5se t 8 spontaneity is ext+ui%$4 ,truman is wrong :51 9 "o ( ! sc5es1 he keeps %\t+3 ,be c>eful1 ,i am spontane\s4 ,! ,director & fat-cat capitali/ic produc]s want him to be spontane\s1 !y want him to make decisions4 ,b !y d n want him to make *oices4 ,s !y influ5ce 8 pref]5ces & pr$ilections by provid+ him ) an absolutely totalit>ian1 micro-controll$1 repetitive environm5t4 ,su* an environm5t r$uces ! set ( possible decisions s t !re is only "o fav\rable or acceptable decision 7outcome7 at any junction4 ,truman does decide :e!r to walk d[n a c]ta9 pa? or n4 ,b :5 he does decide to walk - only "o pa? is available to him4 ,8 _w is con/ra9$ & limit$ - n 8 actions4 ,actually1 ,truman's only *oice 9 ! movie leads to an arguably immoral decision4 ,he ab&ons %ip4 ,he walks out on ! :ole project4 ,he de/roys an inve/m5t ( billions ( doll>s1 p's lives & c>e]s4 ,he turns 8 back on "s ( ! actors :o seem to really be emotionally atta*$ to him4 ,he ignores ! good & pleasure t ! %[ has br\ght to ! lives ( millions ( p 7! view]s74 ,he selfi%ly & v5gefully goes away4 ,he kn[s all ?is4 ,by ! "t he makes 8 decision1 he is fully in=m$4 ,he kn[s t "s p may commit suicide1 g bankrupt1 endure major depressive episodes1 d drugs4 ,b ?is massive l&scape ( result+ deva/ation does n det] him4 ,he pref]s 8 n>r[1 p]sonal1 int]e/4 ,he walks4 ,b ,truman did n ask or *oose to be put 9 8 position4 ,he f\nd himself responsible = all ^! p )\t be+ consult$4 ,!re 0 no cons5t or act ( *oice involv$4 ,h[ c anyone be responsible = ! well-be+ & lives ( o!r p - if he did n ,,*oose to be s responsible8 ,moreov]1 ,truman _h ! p]fect moral "r to ?9k t ^! p wrong$ him4 ,are we morally responsible & acc\ntable = ! well-be+ & lives ( ^? :o wrong u8 ,true ,*ri/ians are1 = in/ance4 ,moreov]1 mo/ ( u1 mo/ ( ! "t1 f9d ourselves 9 situations :i* we did n help m\ld by our decisions4 ,we are unwill+ly ca/ into ! _w4 ,we d n provide prior cons5t to be+ born4 ,?is fundam5tal decision is made = u1 =c$ ^u u4 ,?is patt]n p]si/s ?r\gh\t our *ildhood & adolesc5ce3 decisions are made else:]e by o!rs & influ5ce our lives pr(\ndly4 ,z adults we are ! objects - (t5 ! victims - ( ! decisions ( corrupt politicians1 mad sci5ti/s1 megalomaniac m$ia b>ons1 gung-ho g5]als & dem5t$ arti/s4 ,?is _w is n ( our mak+ & our ability to %ape & influ5ce x is v limit$ & r illusory4 ,we live 9 our own ,truman ,%[4 ,does ?is mean t we are n morally responsible = o!rs8 ,we are morally responsible ev5 if we did n *oose ! circum/ances & ! p>amet]s & *>act]i/ics ( ! univ]se t we inhabit4 ,! ,sw$i% ,c\nt ,wall5b]g imp]ill$ 8 life 7& lo/ x7 smuggl+ hunt$ ,jews out ( ,nazi occupi$ ,europe4 ,he did n *oose1 or help$ to %ape ,nazi ,europe4 ,x 0 ! bra9*ild ( ! d]ang$ ,director ,hitl]4 ,hav+ f\nd himself an unwill+ p>ticipant 9 ,hitl]'s horror %[1 ,wall5b]g did n turn 8 back & opt$ out4 ,he rema9$ )9 ! bloody & horrific set & did 8 be/4 ,truman %\ld h done ! same4 ,jesus said t he %\ld h lov$ 8 enemies4 ,he %\ld h felt & act$ ) responsibility t[>ds 8 fell[ human be+s1 ev5 t[>ds ^? :o wrong$ him greatly4 ,b ?is may be an inhuman dem&4 ,su* =giv5ess & magnanimity are ! res]ve ( ,god4 ,& ! fact t ,truman's torm5tors did n see !mselves z su* & believ$ t !y 7 act+ 9 8 be/ int]e/s & t !y 7 cat]+ to 8 e ne$ - does n absolve !m f _! crimes4 ,truman %\ld h ma9ta9$ a f9e balance betwe5 8 responsibility to ! %[1 its creators & its view]s & 8 natural drive to get back at 8 torm5tors4 ,! s\rce ( ! dilemma 7:i* l$ to 8 act ( *oos+7 is t ! two gr\ps ov]lap4 ,truman f\nd himself 9 ! impossible position ( be+ ! sole gu>antor ( ! well-be+ & lives ( 8 torm5tors4 ,to put ! "q 9 %>p] relief3 are we morally oblig$ to save ! life & livelihood ( someone :o greatly wrong$ u8 ,or is v5geance ju/ifi$ 9 su* a case8 ,a v problematic figure 9 ?is respect is t ( ,truman's be/ & *ildhood fri5d4 ,!y grew up toge!r1 %>$ secrets1 emotions & adv5tures4 ,yet he lies to ,truman con/antly & "u ! ,director's in/ructions4 ,ev]y?+ he says is "p ( a script4 ,x is ?is dis9=mation t conv9ces u t he is n ,truman's true fri5d4 ,a real fri5d is expect$1 above all1 to provide u ) full & true in=mation &1 !reby1 to enhance our ability to *oose4 ,truman's true love 9 ! ,%[ tri$ to d x4 ,%e paid ! price3 %e 0 ou/$ f ! %[4 ,b %e tri$ to provide ,truman ) a *oice4 ,x is n suffici5t to say ! "r ?+s & make ! "r moves4 ,inn] drive & motivation are requir$ & ! will+ness to take risks 7su* z ! risk ( provid+ ,truman ) full in=mation ab\t 8 condition74 ,all ! actors :o play$ ,truman's p>5ts1 lov+ wife1 fri5ds & colleagues1 mis]ably fail$ on ?is score4 ,x is 9 ?is mimicry t ! philosophical key to ! :ole movie re/s4 ,a ,utopia _c be fak$4 ,capta9 ,nemo's utopian und]wat] city 0 a real ,utopia because ev]yone knew ev]y?+ ab\t x4 ,p 7 giv5 a *oice 7?\gh an irrev]sible & irrevocable "o74 ,!y *ose to become lifetime memb]s ( ! reclusive ,capta9's colony & to abide by its 7ov]ly rational7 rules4 ,! ,utopia came close/ to ext9ction :5 a gr\p ( /ray survivors ( a m>itime accid5t 7 imprison$ 9 x aga9/ _! express$ w4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( *oice1 no utopia c exi/4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( full1 timely & accurate in=mation1 no *oice c exi/4 ,actually1 ! availability ( *oice is s crucial t ev5 :5 x is prev5t$ by nature itself - & n by ! designs ( m or less s9i/] or monomaniac p - !re c be no ,utopia4 ,9 ,h4,g4 ,wells' book ,! ,"t ,ma*9e1 ! h]o w&]s (f to ! ?ird mill5nium only to come across a peaceful ,utopia4 ,its memb]s are immortal1 don't h to "w1 or ?9k 9 ord] to survive4 ,sophi/icat$ ma*9es take c>e ( all _! ne$s4 ,no "o =bids !m to make *oices4 ,!re simply is no ne$ to make !m4 ,s ! ,utopia is fake & inde$ ends badly4 ,f9ally1 ! ,truman ,%[ encapsulates ! mo/ virul5t attack on capitalism 9 a long "t4 ,gre$y1 ?\ghtless money ma*9es 9 ! =m ( billionaire tycoon-produc]s exploit ,truman's life %amelessly & remorselessly 9 ! uglie/ display ( human vices possible4 ,! ,director indulges 9 8 control-mania4 ,! produc]s indulge 9 _! monet>y obsession4 ,! view]s 7on bo? sides ( ! silv] scre57 indulge 9 voyeurism4 ,! actors vie & compete 9 ! compulsive activity ( fur!r+ _! petty c>e]s4 ,x is a repulsive canvas ( a dis9tegrat+ _w4 ,p]haps ,*ri/(f is "r aft] al :5 he w>ns ,truman ab\t ! true nature ( ! _w4 ,b ,truman *ooses4 ,he *ooses ! exit door lead+ to ! out] d>kness ov] ! false sunlight 9 ! ,utopia t he leaves beh9d4 ,! ,matrix ,by3 ,sam ,vakn9 ,x is easy to confuse ! concepts ( virtual reality & a comput]iz$ model ( reality 7simulation74 ,! =m] is a self-conta9$ ,univ]se1 replete ) its laws ( physics & logic4 ,x c be> resemblance to ! real _w or n4 ,x c be consi/5t or n4 ,x c int]act ) ! real _w or n4 ,9 %ort1 x is an arbitr>y environm5t4 ,9 contra/1 a model ( reality mu/ h a direct & /rong relation%ip to ! _w4 ,x mu/ obey ! rules ( physics & ( logic4 ,! abs5ce ( su* a relation%ip r5d]s x mean+less4 ,a flight simulator is n mu* good 9 a _w )\t a]oplanes or if x ignores ! laws ( nature4 ,a te*nical analysis program is useless )\t a /ock ex*ange or if its ma!matically errone\s4 ,yet1 ! two concepts are (t5 confus$ because !y are bo? m$iat$ by & reside on comput]s4 ,! comput] is a self-conta9$ 7?\gh n clos$7 ,univ]se4 ,x incorporates ! h>dw>e1 ! data & ! in/ructions = ! manipulation ( ! data 7s(tw>e74 ,x is1 !re=e1 by def9ition1 a virtual reality4 ,x is v]satile & c correlate its reality ) ! _w outside4 ,b x c also refra9 f do+ s4 ,?is is ! om9\s :at if 9 artificial intellig5ce 7,,ai74 ,:at if a comput] 7 to refuse to correlate its int]nal 7virtual7 reality ) ! reality ( its mak]s8 ,:at if x 7 to impose its own reality on u & make x ! privileg$ "o8 ,9 ! visually tantaliz+ movie1 ,! ,matrix1 a bre$ ( ,,ai comput]s takes ov] ! _w4 ,x h>ve/s human embryos 9 laboratories call$ fields4 ,x !n fe$s !m ?r\gh grim look+ tubes & keeps !m imm]s$ 9 gelat9\s liquid 9 cocoons4 ,?is new ma*9e species d]ives its en]gy ne$s f ! electricity produc$ by ! billions ( human bodies ?us pres]v$4 ,a sophi/icat$1 all-p]vasive1 comput] program call$ ,! ,matrix g5]ates a _w inhabit$ by ! consci\sness ( ! un=tunate human batt]ies4 ,ensconc$ 9 _! %ells1 !y see !mselves walk+1 talk+1 work+ & mak+ love4 ,?is is a tangible & olfactory phantasm ma/]fully creat$ by ! ,matrix4 ,its comput+ p[] is m9d boggl+4 ,x g5]ates ! m9ute/ details & reams ( data 9 a spectacul>ly successful ef=t to ma9ta9 ! illusion4 ,a gr\p ( human miscreants succe$s to le>n ! secret ( ! ,matrix4 ,!y =m an und]gr\nd & live abo>d a %ip1 loosely communicat+ ) a halcyon city call$ ,zion1 ! la/ ba/ion ( resi/ance4 ,9 "o ( ! sc5es1 ,cyph]1 "o ( ! rebels defects4 ,ov] a glass ( 7illusory7 rubicund w9e & 7spectral7 juicy /eak1 he poses ! ma9 dilemma ( ! movie4 ,is x bett] to live happily 9 a p]fectly detail$ delusion - or to survive unhappily b free ( its hold8 ,! ,matrix controls ! m9ds ( all ! humans 9 ! _w4 ,x is a bridge betwe5 !m1 !y int]-connect$ ?r\gh x4 ,x makes !m %>e ! same sights1 smells & textures4 ,!y rememb]4 ,!y compete4 ,!y make decisions4 ,! ,matrix is suffici5tly complex to all[ = ?is app>5t lack ( det]m9ism & ubiquity ( free w4 ,! root "q is3 is !re any diff]5ce betwe5 mak+ decisions & feel+ c]ta9 ( mak+ !m 7n hav+ made !m78 ,if "o is unaw>e ( ! exi/5ce ( ! ,matrix1 ! answ] is no4 ,f ! inside1 z a "p ( ! ,matrix1 mak+ decisions & appe>+ to be mak+ !m are id5tical /ates4 ,only an outside obs]v] - "o :o 9 possession ( full in=mation reg>d+ bo? ! ,matrix & ! humans - c tell ! diff]5ce4 ,moreov]1 if ! ,matrix 7 a comput] program ( inf9ite complexity1 no obs]v] 7f9ite or inf9ite7 w\ld h be5 able to say ) any c]ta9ty ^: a decision 0 - ! ,matrix's or ! human's4 ,& because ! ,matrix1 = all int5ts & purposes1 is inf9ite comp>$ to ! m9d ( any s+le1 tube-n\ri%$1 individual - x is safe to say t ! /ates ( mak+ a decision & appe>+ to be mak+ a decision are subjectively indi/+ui%able4 ,no individual )9 ! ,matrix w\ld be able to tell ! diff]5ce4 ,8 or h] life w\ld seem to him or h] z real z ours are to u4 ,! ,matrix may be det]m9i/ic - b ?is det]m9ism is inaccessible to individual m9ds because ( ! complexity involv$4 ,:5 fac$ ) a trillion det]m9i/ic pa?s1 "o w\ld be ju/ifi$ to feel t he ex]cis$ free1 uncon/ra9$ w 9 *oos+ "o ( !m4 ,free w & det]m9ism are indi/+ui%able at a c]ta9 level ( complexity4 ,yet1 we ,,"k t ! ,matrix is diff]5t to our _w4 ,x is ,,n ! same4 ,?is is an intuitive k9d ( k1 = sure1 b ?is does n detract f its firmness4 ,if !re is no subjective diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,matrix & our ,univ]se1 !re mu/ be an objective "o4 ,ano!r key s5t5ce is utt]$ by ,morpheus1 ! lead] ( ! rebels4 ,he says to ,! ,*os5 ,"o 7! ,messiah7 t x is really ! ye> #baii1 ?\gh ! ,matrix gives ! impression t x is #aiii4 ,?is is :]e ! ,matrix & reality div]ge4 ,?\gh a human :o w\ld exp]i5ce bo? w\ld f9d !m indi/+ui%able - objectively !y are diff]5t4 ,9 "o ( !m 7! ,matrix71 p h no objective ,,"t 7?\gh ! ,matrix might h x74 ,! o!r 7reality7 is gov]n$ by x4 ,"u ! spell ( ! ,matrix1 p feel z ?\gh "t goes by4 ,!y h function+ wat*es4 ,! sun rises & sets4 ,seasons *ange4 ,!y gr[ old & die4 ,?is is n entirely an illusion4 ,_! bodies d decay & die1 z ours d4 ,!y are n exempt f ! laws ( nature4 ,b _! ,,aw>5ess ( "t is comput] g5]at$4 ,! ,matrix is suffici5tly sophi/icat$ & kn[l$geable to ma9ta9 a close correlation betwe5 ! physical /ate ( ! human 78 heal? & age7 & 8 consci\sness ( ! passage ( "t4 ,! basic rules ( "t - = in/ance1 its asymmetry - are "p ( ! program4 ,b ?is is precisely x4 ,"t 9 ! m9ds ( ^! p is program-g5]at$1 n reality-induc$4 ,x is n ! d]ivative ( *ange & irrev]sible 7!rmodynamic & o!r7 processes ,,out ,,!re4 ,_! m9ds are "p ( a comput] program & ! comput] program is a "p ( _! m9ds4 ,_! bodies are /atic1 deg5]at+ 9 _! protective ne/s4 ,no?+ happ5s to !m except 9 _! m9ds4 ,!y h no physical effect on ! _w4 ,!y effect no *ange4 ,^! ?+s set ! ,matrix & reality ap>t4 ,to qualify z reality a two-way int]action mu/ occur4 ,"o fl[ ( data is :5 reality influ5ces ! m9ds ( p 7z does ! ,matrix74 ,! obv]se1 b equally necess>y1 type ( data fl[ is :5 p "k reality & influ5ce x4 ,! ,matrix trigg]s a "t s5sation 9 p ! same way t ! ,univ]se trigg]s a "t s5sation 9 u4 ,some?+ does happ5 ,,out ,,!re & x is call$ ! ,matrix4 ,9 ?is s5se1 ! ,matrix is real1 x is ! reality ( ^! humans4 ,x ma9ta9s ! requirem5t ( ! fir/ type ( fl[ ( data4 ,b x fails ! second te/3 p d n "k t x exi/s or any ( its attributes1 nor d !y affect x irrev]sibly4 ,!y d n *ange ! ,matrix4 ,p>adoxically1 ! rebels d affect ! ,matrix 7!y almo/ de/roy x74 ,9 do+ s1 !y make x ,,real4 ,x is _! ,,reality because !y ,,"k x & !y irrev]sibly ,,*ange x4 ,apply+ ?is dual-track te/1 virtual reality ,,is a reality1 albeit1 at ?is /age1 ( a det]m9i/ic type4 ,x affects our m9ds1 we "k t x exi/s & we affect x 9 return4 ,our *oices & actions irrev]sibly alt] ! /ate ( ! sy/em4 ,?is alt]$ /ate1 9 turn1 affects our m9ds4 ,?is int]action ,,is :at we call reality4 ,) ! adv5t ( /o*a/ic & quantum virtual reality g5]ators - ! di/9ction betwe5 real & virtual w fade4 ,! ,matrix ?us is n impossible4 ,b t x is possible - does n make x real4 ,! ,%att]$ ,id5tity ,by3 ,sam ,vakn9 ,read ^! essays fir/3 ,! ,habitual ,id5tity ,dea?1 ,mean+1 & ,id5tity ,fact & ,tru? ,dreams - ,! ,metaphors ( ,m9d ,i4 ,exposition ,9 ! movie ,%att]$ 7#aiia71 ,dan ,m]rick survives an accid5t & develops total amnesia reg>d+ 8 pa/4 ,8 batt]$ face is recon/ruct$ by pla/ic surgeons &1 ) ! help ( 8 lov+ wife1 he gradually recov]s 8 w to live4 ,b he nev] develops a prop] s5se ( id5tity4 ,x is z ?\gh he is con/antly ill at ease 9 8 own body4 ,z ! plot unravels1 ,dan is l$ to believe t he may h murd]$ 8 wife's lov]1 ,jack4 ,?is ?rill] (f]s additional twi/s & turns b1 ?r\gh\t x all1 we face ?is "q3 ,dan has no recollection ( be+ ,dan4 ,dan does n rememb] murd]+ ,jack4 ,x seems z ?\gh ,dan's v id5tity has be5 eras$4 ,yet1 ,dan is 9 s\nd m9d & c tell "r f wrong4 ,%\ld ,dan be held 7morally &1 z a result1 p]haps legally z well7 acc\ntable = ,jack's murd]8 ,w\ld ! answ] to ?is "q /ill be ! same _h ,dan eras$ f 8 memory ,,only ! crime -b recall$ ev]y?+ else 79 an act ( selective dissociation78 ,d our moral & legal acc\ntability & responsibility spr+ f ! integrity ( our memories8 ,if ,dan 7 to be puni%$ = a crime he doesn't h ! fa9te/ recollection ( committ+ - w\ldn't he feel horribly wrong$8 ,w\ldn't he be ju/ifi$ 9 feel+ s8 ,!re are _m /ates ( consci\sness t involve dissociation & selective amnesia3 hypnosis1 trance & possession1 halluc9ation1 illusion1 memory disord]s 7l organic1 or functional amnesia71 dep]sonalization disord]1 dissociative fugue1 dream+1 psy*osis1 po/ traumatic /ress disord]1 & drug-induc$ psy*otomimetic /ates4 ,consid] ?is1 = in/ance3 ,:at if ,dan 7 ! victim ( a ,multiple ,p]sonality ,disord] 7n[ kn[n z ,dissociative ,id5tity ,disord]78 ,:at if "o ( 8 alt]s 7i4e41 "o ( ! multitude ( id5tities %>+ ,dan's m9d & body7 committ$ ! crime8 ,%\ld ,dan /ill be held responsible8 ,:at if ! alt] ,john committ$ ! crime & !n vani%$1 leav+ beh9d ano!r alt] 7let u say1 ,joseph7 9 control8 ,%\ld ,joseph be held responsible = ! crime ,john committ$8 ,:at if ,john 7 to reappe> #aj ye>s aft] he vani%$8 ,:at if he 7 to reappe> #ej ye>s aft] he vani%$8 ,:at if he 7 to reappe> = a p]iod ( #ij days - only to vani% aga98 ,& :at is ,dan's role 9 all ?is8 ,:o1 exactly1 !n1 is ,dan8 ,,ii4 ,:o is ,dan8 ,buddhism comp>es ,man to a riv]4 ,bo? reta9 _! id5tity despite ! fact t _! individual composition is diff]5t at diff]5t mom5ts4 ,! possession ( a body z ! f\ndation ( a self-id5tity is a dubi\s proposition4 ,bodies *ange dra/ically 9 "t 7consid] a baby comp>$ to an adult74 ,almo/ all ! cells 9 a human body are replac$ e few ye>s4 ,*ang+ "o's bra9 7by transplantation7 - also *anges "o's id5tity1 ev5 if ! re/ ( ! body rema9s ! same4 ,?us1 ! only ?+ t b9ds a p]son toge!r 7i4e41 gives him a self & an id5tity7 is "t1 or1 m precisely1 memory4 ,by memory ,i also mean3 p]sonality1 skills1 habits1 retrospect$ emotions - 9 %ort3 all long t]m impr9ts & behavi\ral patt]ns4 ,! body is n an accid5tal & insignificant conta9]1 ( c\rse4 ,x con/itutes an important "p ( "o's self-image1 self-e/eem1 s5se ( self-wor?1 & s5se ( exi/5ce 7spatial1 temporal1 & social74 ,b "o c easily imag9e a bra9 9 vitro z hav+ ! same id5tity z :5 x resid$ 9 a body4 ,"o _c imag9e a body )\t a bra9 7or ) a diff]5t bra97 z hav+ ! same id5tity x _h be=e ! bra9 0 remov$ or replac$4 ,:at if ! bra9 9 vitro 79 ! above example7 c\ld n communicate ) u at all8 ,w\ld we /ill ?9k x is possess$ ( a self8 ,! biological functions ( p 9 coma are ma9ta9$4 ,b d !y h an id5tity1 a self8 ,if yes1 :y d we pull ! plug on !m s (t58 ,x w\ld seem 7z x did to ,locke7 t we accept t someone has a self-id5tity if3 7a7 ,he has ! same h>dw>e z we d 7notably1 a bra97 & 7b7 ,he communicates 8 humanly recognizable & compreh5sible inn] _w to u & manipulates 8 environm5t4 ,we accept t he has a giv5 7i4e41 ! same cont9u\s7 self-id5tity if 7c7 ,he %[s consi/5t int5tional 7i4e41 will$7 patt]ns 7memory7 9 do+ 7b7 = a long p]iod ( "t4 ,x seems t we accept t we h a self-id5tity 7i4e41 we are self-consci\s7 if 7a7 ,we disc]n 7usually ?r\gh introspection7 long t]m consi/5t int5tional 7i4e41 will$7 patt]ns 7memory7 9 our manipulation 7relat+ to7 ( our environm5t & 7b7 ,o!rs accept t we h a self-id5tity 7,h]b]t ,mead1 ,feu]ba*74 ,dan 7probably7 has ! same h>dw>e z we d 7a bra974 ,he communicates 8 7humanly recognizable & compreh5sible7 inn] _w to u 7:i* is h[ he manipulates u & 8 environm5t74 ,?us1 ,dan cle>ly has a self-id5tity4 ,b he is inconsi/5t4 ,8 int5tional 7will$7 patt]ns1 8 memory1 are incompatible ) ^? demon/rat$ by ,dan be=e ! accid5t4 ,?\gh he cle>ly is possess$ ( a self-id5tity1 we _c say t he has ! ,,same self-id5tity he possess$ be=e ! cra%4 ,9 o!r words1 we _c say t he1 inde$1 is ,dan4 ,dan himself does n feel t he has a self-id5tity at all4 ,he disc]ns int5tional 7will$7 patt]ns 9 8 manipulation ( 8 environm5t b1 due to 8 amnesia1 he _c tell if ^! are consi/5t1 or long t]m4 ,9 o!r words1 ,dan has no memory4 ,moreov]1 o!rs d n accept him z ,dan 7or h _! d\bts7 because !y h no memory ( ,dan z he is n[4 ,int]im conclusion3 ,hav+ a memory is a necess>y & suffici5t condition = possess+ a self-id5tity4 ,,iii4 ,repression ,yet1 resort+ to memory to def9e id5tity may appe> to be a circul> 7ev5 tautological7 argum5t4 ,:5 we po/ulate memory - don't we already presuppose ! exi/5ce ( a rememb]+ ag5t ) an e/abli%$ self-id5tity8 ,moreov]1 we keep talk+ ab\t disc]n+1 int5tional1 or will$ patt]ns4 ,b isn't a big "p ( our self 79 ! =m ( ! unconsci\s1 full ( repress$ memories7 unavailable to u8 ,don't we develop def5ce me*anisms aga9/ repress$ memories & fantasies1 aga9/ unconsci\s cont5t incongru5t ) our self-image8 ,ev5 worse1 ?is hidd51 inaccessible1 dynamically active "p ( our self is ?\ght responsible = our recurr5t disc]nible patt]ns ( behavi\r4 ,! ph5om5on ( po/hypnotic sugge/ion seems to indicate t ?is may be ! case4 ,! exi/5ce ( a self-id5tity is1 !re=e1 det]m9$ ?r\gh introspection 7by oneself7 & obs]vation 7by o!rs7 ( m]ely ! consci\s "p ( ! self4 ,b ! unconsci\s is z mu* a "p ( "o's self-id5tity z "o's consci\s4 ,:at if1 due to a mi%ap1 ! roles 7 rev]s$8 ,:at if ,dan's consci\s "p 7 to become 8 unconsci\s & 8 unconsci\s "p - 8 consci\s8 ,:at if all 8 consci\s memories1 drives1 fe>s1 wi%es1 fantasies1 & hopes - 7 to become unconsci\s :ile 8 repress$ memories1 drives1 etc4 - 7 to become consci\s8 ,w\ld we /ill say t x is ! same ,dan & t he reta9s 8 self-id5tity8 ,n v likely4 ,& yet1 "o's 7unrememb]$7 unconsci\s - = in/ance1 ! conflict betwe5 id & ego - det]m9es "o's p]sonality & self-id5tity4 ,! ma9 contribution ( psy*oanalysis & lat] psy*odynamic s*ools is ! und]/&+ t self-id5tity is a dynamic1 evolv+1 ev]-*ang+ con/ruct - & n a /atic1 in]tial1 & passive entity4 ,x ca/s d\bt ov] ! mean+fulness ( ! "q ) :i* we end$ ! exposition3 ,:o1 exactly1 !n1 is ,dan8 ,dan is diff]5t at diff]5t /ages ( 8 life 7,erikson7 & he con/antly evolves 9 accordance ) 8 innate nature 7,jung71 pa/ hi/ory 7,adl]71 drives 7,freud71 cultural milieu 7,horney71 upbr++ 7,kle91 ,w9nicott71 ne$s 7,murray71 or ! int]play ) 8 g5etic makeup4 ,dan is n a ?+ - he is a process4 ,ev5 ,dan's p]sonality traits & cognitive /yle1 :i* may well be /able1 are (t5 influ5c$ by ,dan's social sett+ & by 8 social int]actions4 ,x w\ld seem t hav+ a memory is a necess>y b insuffici5t condition = possess+ a self-id5tity4 ,"o _c rememb] "o's unconsci\s /ates 7?\gh "o c rememb] _! outcomes74 ,"o (t5 =gets ev5ts1 names1 & o!r in=mation ev5 if x 0 consci\s at a giv5 "t 9 "o's pa/4 ,yet1 "o's 7unrememb]$7 unconsci\s is an integral & important "p ( "o's id5tity & "o's self4 ,! rememb]$ z well z ! unrememb]$ con/itute "o's self-id5tity4 ,,iv4 ,! ,memory ,l9k ,hume said t to be consid]$ 9 possession ( a m9d1 a creature ne$s to h a few /ates ( consci\sness l9k$ by memory 9 a k9d ( n>rative or p]sonal my?ology4 ,c ?is conjecture be equally appli$ to unconsci\s m5tal /ates 7e4g4 sublim9al p]ceptions1 beliefs1 drives1 emotions1 desires1 etc478 ,9 o!r words1 c we rephrase ,hume & say t to be consid]$ 9 possession ( a m9d1 a creature ne$s to h a few /ates ( consci\sness & a few /ates ( ! unconsci\s - all l9k$ by memory into a p]sonal n>rative8 ,isn't x a contradiction 9 t]ms to rememb] ! unconsci\s8 ,! unconsci\s & ! sublim9al are in/ance ( ! g5]al category ( m5tal ph5om5a :i* are n /ates ( consci\sness 7i4e41 are n consci\s74 ,sleep & hypnosis are two o!rs4 ,b s are backgr\nd m5tal ph5om5a - e4g41 "o holds onto "o's beliefs & k ev5 :5 "o is n aw>e 7consci\s7 ( !m at e giv5 mom5t4 ,we "k t an apple w fall t[>ds ! e>?1 we "k h[ to drive a c> 7automatically71 & we believe t ! sun w rise tomorr[1 ev5 ?\gh we d n sp5d e second ( our wak+ life consci\sly ?9k+ ab\t fall+ apples1 driv+ c>s1 or ! position ( ! sun4 ,yet1 ! fact t k & beliefs & o!r backgr\nd m5tal ph5om5a are n con/antly consci\s - does n mean t !y _c be rememb]$4 ,!y c be rememb]$ ei!r by an act ( w1 or 9 7sometimes an involunt>y7 response to *anges 9 ! environm5t4 ,! same applies to all o!r unconsci\s cont5t4 ,unconsci\s cont5t c be recall$4 ,psy*oanalysis1 = in/ance1 is ab\t re-introduc+ repress$ unconsci\s cont5t to ! pati5t's consci\s memory & ?us mak+ x rememb]$4 ,9 fact1 "o's self-id5tity may be su* a backgr\nd m5tal ph5om5on 7always !re1 n always consci\s1 n always rememb]$74 ,! acts ( w :i* br+ x to ! surface are :at we call memory & introspection4 ,?is w\ld seem to imply t hav+ a self-id5tity is indep5d5t ( hav+ a memory 7or ! ability to introspect74 ,memory is j ! me*anism by :i* "o becomes aw>e ( "o's backgr\nd1 always-on1 & omnipres5t 7all-p]vasive7 self-id5tity4 ,self-id5tity is ! object & pr$icate ( memory & introspection4 ,x is z ?\gh self-id5tity 7 an em]g5t ext5sive p>amet] ( ! complex human sy/em - measurable by ! dual te*niques ( memory & introspection4 ,we1 !re=e1 h to modify our previ\s conclusions3 ,hav+ a memory is n a necess>y nor a suffici5t condition = possess+ a self-id5tity4 ,we are back to squ>e "o4 ,! poor s\ls 9 ,oliv] ,sacks' tome1 ,! ,man ,:o ,mi/ook 8 ,wife = a ,hat are unable to create & reta9 memories4 ,!y occupy an et]nal pres5t1 ) no pa/4 ,!y are ?us unable to access 7or invoke7 _! self-id5tity by rememb]+ x4 ,_! self-id5tity is unavailable to !m 7?\gh x is available to ^? :o obs]ve !m ov] _m ye>s7 - b x exi/s = sure4 ,!rapy (t5 succe$s 9 re/or+ pre-amnesiac memories & self-id5tity4 ,v4 ,! ,incorrigible ,self ,self-id5tity is n only always-on & all-p]vasive - b also incorrigible4 ,9 o!r words1 no "o - nei!r an obs]v]1 nor ! p]son himself - c disprove ! exi/5ce ( 8 self-id5tity4 ,no "o c prove t a report ab\t ! exi/5ce ( 8 7or ano!r's7 self-id5tity is mi/ak54 ,is x equally safe to say t no "o - nei!r an obs]v]1 nor ! p]son himself - c prove 7or disprove7 ! non-exi/5ce ( 8 self-id5tity8 ,w\ld x be correct to say t no "o c prove t a report ab\t ! non-exi/5ce ( 8 7or ano!r's7 self-id5tity is true or false8 ,dan's crim9al responsibility crucially dep5ds on ! answ]s to ^! que/ions4 ,dan _c be held responsible = ,jack's murd] if he c prove t he is ignorant ( ! facts ( 8 action 7i4e41 if he c prove ! non-exi/5ce ( 8 self-id5tity74 ,if he has no access to 8 7=m]7 self-id5tity - he c h>dly be expect$ to be aw>e & cognizant ( ^! facts4 ,:at is 9 "q is n ,dan's m5s rea1 nor ! application ( ! ,mc,naghten te/s 7did ,dan "k ! nature & quality ( 8 act or c\ld he tell "r f wrong7 to det]m9e :e!r ,dan 0 insane :5 he committ$ ! crime4 ,a mu* broad] issue is at /ake3 is x ! same p]son8 ,is ! murd]\s ,dan ! same p]son z ! curr5t ,dan8 ,ev5 ?\gh ,dan seems to own ! same body & bra9 & is manife/ly sane - he pat5tly has no access to 8 7=m]7 self-id5tity4 ,he has *ang$ s dra/ically t x is arguable :e!r he is /ill ! same p]son - he has be5 replac$4 ,f9ally1 we c try to unite all ! /r&s ( our disc\rse into ?is d\ble def9ition3 ,x w\ld seem t we accept t someone has a self-id5tity if3 7a7 ,he has ! same h>dw>e z we d 7notably1 a bra97 &1 by implication1 ! same s(tw>e z we d 7an all-p]vasive1 omnipres5t self-id5tity7 & 7b7 ,he communicates 8 humanly recognizable & compreh5sible inn] _w to u & manipulates 8 environm5t4 ,we accept t he has a specific 7i4e41 ! same cont9u\s7 self-id5tity if 7c7 ,he %[s consi/5t int5tional 7i4e41 will$7 patt]ns 7memory7 9 do+ 7b7 = a long p]iod ( "t4 ,x seems t we accept t we h a specific self-id5tity 7i4e41 we are self-consci\s ( a specific id5tity7 if 7a7 ,we disc]n 7usually ?r\gh memory & introspection7 long t]m consi/5t int5tional 7i4e41 will$7 patt]ns 7memory7 9 our manipulation 7relat+ to7 ( our environm5t & 7b7 ,o!rs accept t we h a specific self-id5tity4 ,9 conclusion3 ,dan und\bt$ly has a self-id5tity 7be+ human &1 ?us1 end[$ ) a bra974 ,equally und\bt$ly1 ?is self-id5tity is n ,dan's 7b a new1 unfamili>1 "o74 ,su* is ! /uff ( our nightm>es - body snat*+1 demonic possession1 wak+ up 9 a /range place1 n kn[+ :o we are4 ,)\t a cont9u\s p]sonal hi/ory - we are n4 ,x is :at b9ds our v>i\s bodies1 /ates ( m9d1 memories1 skills1 emotions1 & cognitions - into a coh]5t bundle ( id5tity4 ,dan speaks1 dr9ks1 dances1 talks1 & makes love - b ?r\gh\t t "t1 he is n pres5t because he does n rememb] ,dan & h[ x is to be ,dan4 ,he may h murd]$ ,jake - b1 by all philosophical & e?ical crit]ia1 x 0 mo/ def9itely n 8 fault4 ,titanic1 or a ,moral ,delib]ation ,by3 ,sam ,vakn9 ,! film ,titanic is riddl$ ) moral dilemmas4 ,9 "o ( ! sc5es1 ! own] ( ,/> ,l9e1 ! %ipp+ company t own$ ! n[-s9k+ ,uns9kable1 jo9s a l[]$ life-boat4 ,! tortur$ expression on 8 face demon/rates t ev5 he exp]i5ces m ?an unease at 8 own conduct4 ,prior to ! disa/]1 he in/ructs ! capta9 to adopt a policy dang]\s to ! %ip4 ,inde$1 x proves fatal4 ,a complicat+ factor 0 ! fact t only wom5 & *ildr5 7 all[$ by ! (fic]s 9 *>ge into ! lifeboats4 ,ano!r 0 ! discrim9ation aga9/ ,?ird ,class pass5g]s4 ,! boats suffic$ only to half ! numb] ( ^? on bo>d & ! ,fir/ ,class1 ,high ,society pass5g]s 7 pref]r$ ov] ! ,l[-,life immigrants "u deck4 ,:y d we all feel t ! own] %\ld h /ay$ on & fac$ 8 inevitable dea?8 ,because we judge him responsible = ! demise ( ! %ip4 ,additionally1 8 wrong in/ructions - motivat$ by gre$ & ! pursuit ( celebrity - 7 a crucial contribut+ factor4 ,! own] %\ld h be5 puni%$ 79 8 future7 = ?+s t he has done 79 8 pa/74 ,?is is intuitively appeal+4 ,w\ld we h r5d]$ ! same judgem5t _h ! ,titanic's fate be5 ! outcome ( accid5t & accid5t alone8 ,if ! own] ( ! %ip c\ld h _h no control ov] ! circum/ances ( its horrible end+ - w\ld we h /ill condemn$ him = sav+ 8 life8 ,less sev]ely1 p]haps4 ,s1 ! fact t a moral entity has ,,act$ 7or omitt$1 or refra9$ f act+7 9 its pa/ is ess5tial 9 disp5s+ ) future rew>ds or puni%m5ts4 ,! product liability approa* also fits "h4 ,! own] 7& 8 long arms3 manufactur]1 eng9e]s1 build]s1 etc47 ( ! ,titanic 7 deem$ responsible because !y implicitly contract$ ) _! pass5g]s4 ,!y made a repres5tation 7:i* 0 explicit 9 _! case b is implicit 9 mo/ o!rs73 ,?is %ip 0 con/ruct$ ) k & =e?\ght4 ,! be/ design 0 employ$ to avoid dang]4 ,! be/ mat]ials to increase pleasure4 ,t ! ,titanic sank 0 an irrev]sible brea* ( ?is contract4 ,9 a way1 x 0 an act ( abrogation ( duties & obligations4 ,! own]_/manufactur] ( a product mu/ comp5sate ! consum]s %\ld 8 product h>m !m 9 any mann] t !y 7 n explicitly1 cle>ly1 visibly & repeat$ly w>n$ aga9/4 ,moreov]1 he %\ld ev5 make am5ds if ! product fail$ to meet ! reasonable & ju/ifi$ expectations ( consum]s1 bas$ on su* w>rants & repres5tations4 ,! paym5t %\ld be ei!r 9 k9d 7z 9 m anci5t ju/ice sy/ems7 or 9 ca% 7z 9 mod]n ,we/]n civilization74 ,! product call$ ,titanic took away ! lives ( its end-us]s4 ,our gut ju/ice tells u t ! own] %\ld h paid 9 k9d4 ,faulty eng9e]+1 insuffici5t numb] ( lifeboats1 ov]-capacity1 hubris1 pass5g]s & crew n drill$ to face em]g5cies1 extravagant claims reg>d+ ! %ip's resili5ce1 contrav5+ ! capta9's pr(essional judgem5t4 ,all ^! seem to be suffici5t gr\nds to ! dea? p5alty4 ,& yet1 ?is is n ! real "q4 ,! s]i\s problem is ?is 3 ,,:y %\ld anyone pay 9 8 future = 8 actions 9 ! pa/8 ,fir/1 !re are "s ?orny issues to be elim9at$4 ,su* z det]m9ism3 if !re is no free w1 !re c be no p]sonal responsibility4 ,ano!r is ! pres]vation ( p]sonal id5tity3 are ! p]son :o committ$ ! act & ! p]son :o is made to pay = x - "o & ! same8 ,if ! answ] is 9 ! affirmative1 9 :i* s5se are !y ! same1 ! physical1 ! m5tal8 ,is ! ov]lap only limit$ & probabili/ic8 ,/ill1 we c\ld assume1 = ?is discussion's sake1 t ! p]sonal id5tity is und5iably & absolutely pres]v$ & t !re is free w &1 !re=e1 t p c pr$ict ! outcomes ( _! actions1 to a reasonable degree ( accuracy & t !y elect to accept ^! outcomes prior to ! commission ( _! acts or to _! omission4 ,all ?is does n answ] ! "q t op5$ ?is p>agraph4 ,ev5 if !re 7 a contract sign$ betwe5 ! act+ p]son & ! _w1 9 :i* ! p]son will+ly1 consci\sly & intellig5tly 7)\t dim9i%$ responsibility7 accept$ ! future outcome ( 8 acts1 ! que/ions w\ld rema93 ,,:y %\ld x be s8 ,:y _c we conceive ( a _w 9 :i* acts & outcomes are divorc$8 ,x is because we _c believe 9 an a-causal _w4 ,causality is a relation%ip 7mo/ly betwe5 two ?+s1 or1 r1 ev5ts1 ! cause & ! effect74 ,some?+ g5]ates or produces ano!r4 ,!re=e1 x is ! o!r's effici5t cause & x acts ^u x 7x acts to br+ x ab\t7 ?r\gh ! me*anism ( effici5t causation4 ,a cause c be a direct physical me*anism or an explanatory feature 7hi/orical cause74 ,( ,ari/otle's ,f\r ,causes 7,=mal1 ,mat]ial1 ,effici5t & ,f9al71 only ! effici5t cause creates some?+ di/+ui%able f itself4 ,! causal disc\rse1 !re=e1 is problematic 7h[ c a cause lead to an effect1 indi/+ui%able f itself874 ,s+ul> ,p>adigmatic ,causal ,/atem5ts 7,ev5t ,a caus$ ,ev5t ,b7 diff] f ,g5]al ones 7,ev5t ,a causes ,ev5t ,b74 ,bo? are inadequate 9 deal+ ) mundane1 r\t9e1 causal /atem5ts because !y d n reveal an ,,ov]t relation betwe5 ! two ev5ts discuss$4 ,moreov]1 9 daily usage we treat facts 7z well z ev5ts7 z causes4 ,n all ! philosoph]s are 9 agreem5t reg>d+ factual causation4 ,davidson1 = in/ance1 admits t facts c be ,,relevant to causal explanations b refuses to accept !m ,,z reasons4 ,acts may be di/9ct f facts1 philosophically1 b n 9 day-to-day regul> usage4 ,by laym5 7! va/ majority ( humanity1 t is71 ?\gh1 !y are p]ceiv$ to be ! same4 ,pairs ( ev5ts t are ea* o!r's cause & effect are accord$ a special /atus4 ,b1 t "o foll[s ! o!r 7ev5 if inv>iably7 is insuffici5t gr\nds to end[ !m ) ?is /atus4 ,?is is ! fam\s ,po/ hoc1 ergo propt] hoc fallacy4 ,o!r relations mu/ be weigh$ & ! possibility ( common causation mu/ be s]i\sly contemplat$4 ,su* sequ5c+ is1 conceptually1 n ev5 necess>y3 simultane\s causation & backw>ds causation are "p ( mod]n physics1 = in/ance4 ,"t seems to be irrelevant to ! /atus ( ev5ts1 ?\gh bo? "t & causation %>e an asymmetric /ructure 7,a causes ,b b ,b does n cause ,a74 ,! direction 7! asymmetry7 ( ! causal *a9 is n ( ! same type z ! direction 7asymmetry7 ( "t4 ,! =m] is =mal1 ! latt]1 presumably1 physical1 or m5tal4 ,a m s]i\s problem1 to my m9d1 is ! conv]se3 :at sets ap>t causal 7cause & effect7 pairs ( ev5ts f o!r pairs 9 :i* bo? memb]-ev5ts are ! outcomes ( a common cause8 ,ev5t ,b c inv>iably foll[ ,ev5t ,a & /ill n be its effect4 ,bo? ev5ts c\ld h be5 caus$ by a common cause4 ,a cause ei!r necessitates ! effect1 or is a suffici5t condition = its occurr5ce4 ,! sequ5ce is ei!r inevitable1 or possible4 ,! mean+lessness ( ?is s5t5ce is evid5t4 ,"h1 philosoph]s div]ge4 ,"s say 7foll[+ ,hume's reason+ & 8 con/ant conjunction relation betwe5 ev5ts7 t a necess>y causal relation exi/s betwe5 ev5ts :5 "o is ! inevitable outcome 7foll[s7 ! o!r4 ,o!rs prop\nd a weak] v]sion3 ! necessity ( ! effect is hypo!tical or conditional1 giv5 ! laws ( nature4 ,put diff]5tly3 to say t ,a necessitates 7causes7 ,b is no m ?an to say t x is a result ( ! laws ( nature t :5 ,a happ5s1 s does ,b4 ,hempel g5]aliz$ ?is approa*4 ,he said t a /atem5t ( a fact 7:e!r a private or a g5]al fact7 is expla9$ only if d$uc$ f o!r /atem5ts1 at lea/ "o ( :i* is a /atem5t ( a g5]al sci5tific law4 ,?is is ! ,cov]+ ,law ,model & x implies a symmetry betwe5 expla9+ & pr$ict+ 7at lea/ :]e private facts are conc]n$74 ,if an ev5t c be expla9$1 x c\ld h be5 pr$ict$ & vice v]sa4 ,ne$less to say t ,hempel's approa* did n get u ne>] to solv+ ! problems ( causal priority & ( indet]m9i/ic causation4 ,! ,empirici/s w5t a /ep fur!r4 ,!y /ipulat$ t ! laws ( nature are cont+5cies & n necess>y tru?s4 ,o!r *a9s ( ev5ts are possible :]e ! laws ( nature are diff]5t4 ,?is is ! same tir$ regul>ity !ory 9 a m exotic guise4 ,!y are all desc5dants ( ,hume's def9ition ( causality3 ,an object foll[$ by ano!r & :]e all ! objects t resemble ! fir/ are foll[$ by objects t resemble ! second4 ,no?+ 9 ! _w is1 !re=e1 a causal necessity1 ev5ts are only con/antly conjo9$4 ,regul>ities 9 our exp]i5ce condition u to =m ! idea ( causal necessity & to d$uce t causes mu/ g5]ate ev5ts4 ,kant call$ ?is latt] d$uction ,a ba/>d ( ! imag9ation1 impregnat$ by exp]i5ce ) no legitimate application 9 ! _w4 ,x also con/itut$ a !ological imp$im5t4 ,god is consid]$ to be ,causa ,sui1 ,8 own cause4 ,b any application ( a causal *a9 or =ce1 already assumes ! exi/5ce ( a cause4 ,?is exi/5ce _c1 !re=e1 be ! outcome ( ! use made ( x4 ,god _h to be reca/ z ! uncaus$ cause ( ! exi/5ce ( all ?+s cont+5t & ,8 exi/5ce necessitat$ no cause because ,he1 himself1 is necess>y4 ,?is is flimsy /uff & x gets ev5 flimsi] :5 ! issue ( causal deviance is debat$4 ,a causal deviance is an abnormal1 ?\gh causal1 relation betwe5 ev5ts or /ates ( ! _w4 ,x ma9ly arises :5 we introduce int5tional action & p]ception into ! !ory ( causation4 ,let u rev]t to ! mu*-malign$ own] ( ! s9k+ ,titanic4 ,he int5d$ to d "o ?+ & ano!r happ5$4 ,grant$1 if he int5d$ to d some?+ & 8 int5tion 0 ! cause ( 8 do+ s - !n we c\ld h said t he int5tionally committ$ an act4 ,b :at if he int5d$ to d "o ?+ & out came ano!r8 ,& :at if he int5d$ to d some?+1 mi/ak5ly did some?+ else &1 /ill1 accid5tally1 a*iev$ :at he set out to d8 ,! popul> example is if someone int5ds to d some?+ & gets s n]v\s t x happ5s ev5 )\t an act be+ committ$ 7int5ds to refuse an invitation by 8 boss1 gets s n]v\s t he falls asleep & misses ! p>ty74 ,are ^! actions & int5tions 9 _! classical s5ses8 ,!re is room = d\bt4 ,davidson n>r[s d[n ! dem&s4 ,to him1 ?9k+ causes 7causally effici5t propositional attitudes7 are no?+ b causal relations betwe5 ev5ts ) ! "r application ( m5tal pr$icates :i* ascribe propositional attitudes sup]v5+ ! "r application ( physical pr$icates4 ,?is approa* omits int5tion altoge!r1 n to m5tion ! ascription ( desire & belief4 ,b %\ldn't h ! hapless own] avail$ 8 preci\s place to wom5 & *ildr58 ,%\ld n he h obey$ ! capta9's ord]s 7! m>9e law78 ,%\ld we succumb to laws t put our lives at risk 7fight 9 a w>1 s9k ) a %ip78 ,! reason t wom5 & *ildr5 are pref]r$ ov] m5 is t !y repres5t ! future4 ,!y are ei!r capable ( br++ life to ! _w 7wom57 - or ( liv+ long] 7*ildr574 ,societal etiquette reflects ! ari?metic ( ! species1 9 ?is 7& 9 _m ano!r7 case4 ,b if ?is 7 entirely & exclusively s1 !n "y girls & female infants w\ld h be5 pref]r$ ov] all ! o!r gr\ps ( pass5g]s4 ,old wom5 w\ld h be5 left ) ! m51 to die4 ,t ! actual 7& decl>$7 selection processes diff]$ f our !oretical ex]cise says a lot ab\t ! vigor\sness & applicability ( our !ories - & a lot ab\t ! real _w out !re4 ,! own]'s behavi\r may h be5 deplorable - b x1 def9itely1 0 natural4 ,he put 8 int]e/s 78 survival7 above ! conc]ns ( 8 society & 8 species4 ,mo/ ( u w\ld h done ! same "u ! same circum/ances4 ,! own] ( ! %ip - ?\gh ,newly ,ri* - und\bt$ly belong$ to ! ,fir/ ,class1 ,upp] ,cru/1 ,cream ( ,society pass5g]s4 ,^! 7 treat$ to ! lifeboats be=e ! pass5g]s ( ! l[] classes & decks4 ,0 ?is a morally "r decision8 ,= sure1 x 0 n politically correct1 9 today's t]ms4 ,class & money di/9ctions 7 =mally aboli%$ ?ree decades ago 9 ! enlight5$ ,we/4 ,discrim9ation betwe5 human be+s 9 n[ all[$ only on ! basis ( m]it 7on ! basis ( "o's natural end[m5ts74 ,:y %\ld we ?9k "o basis = discrim9ation pref]able to ano!r8 ,c we elim9ate discrim9ation completely & if x 7 possible1 w\ld x h be5 desirable8 ,! answ]s1 9 my view1 are t no basis ( discrim9ation c hold ! moral high gr\nd4 ,!y are all morally problematic because !y are det]m9i/ic & assign indep5d5t1 objective1 exog5\s values to humans4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we are n born equal1 nor d we proce$ to develop equally1 or live "u ! same circum/ances & conditions4 ,x is impossible to equate ! unequal4 ,discrim9ation is n impos$ by humans on an o!rwise egalit>ian _w4 ,x is introduc$ by ! _w into human society4 ,& ! elim9ation ( discrim9ation w\ld con/itute a grave error4 ,! inequalities among humans & ! ensu+ conflicts are ! fuel t fe$s ! eng9es ( human developm5t4 ,hopes1 desires1 aspirations & inspiration are all ! d]ivatives ( discrim9ation or ( ! wi% to be fav\r$1 or pref]r$ ov] o!rs4 ,disp>ities ( money create m>kets1 lab\r1 prop]ty1 plann+1 weal? & capital4 ,m5tal inequalities lead to innovation & !ory4 ,k diff]5tials are at ! he>t ( educational in/itutions1 pr(essionalism1 gov]nm5t & s on4 ,osmotic & diffusive =ces 9 human society are all ! results ( incongru5ces1 disp>ities1 diff]5ces1 inequalities & ! negative & positive emotions atta*$ to !m4 ,! pass5g]s ( ! fir/ class 7 pref]r$ because !y paid m = _! tickets4 ,inevitably1 a tacit portion ( ! price w5t to amortize ! co/s ( class insurance3 %\ld any?+ bad happ5 to ?is boat1 p]sons :o paid a sup]ior price w be entitl$ to receive a sup]ior treatm5t4 ,!re is no?+ morally wrong ) ?is4 ,"s p get to sit 9 ! front r[s ( a !atre1 or to travel 9 luxury1 or to receive sup]ior m$ical treatm5t 7or any m$ical treatm5t7 precisely because ( ?is reason4 ,!re is no practical or philosophical diff]5ce betwe5 an exp5sive liv] transplant & a place 9 a life boat4 ,bo? are lifesav]s4 ,a natural disa/] is no ,great ,equaliz]4 ,no?+ is4 ,ev5 ! argum5t t money is ext]nal or accid5tal to ! ri* individual is weak4 ,(t51 p :o m>ry = money consid]ations are judg$ to be ins9c]e or worse 7cunn+1 conspir+1 evil74 ,he m>ri$ h] = h] money1 we say1 z ?\gh ! %e-own] & ! money 7 two sep>ate ?+s4 ,! equival5t s5t5ce3 ,he m>ri$ h] = h] y\? or = h] beauty s\nds flaw$4 ,b y\? & beauty are m tempor>y & transi5t ?an money4 ,!y are really accid5tal because ! individual has no responsibility = or %>e 9 _! g5]ation & has no possibility to effect _! long-t]m pres]vation4 ,money1 on ! o!r h&1 is g5]at$ or pres]v$ 7or bo?7 ow+ to ! p]sonality ( its own]4 ,x is a bett] reflection ( p]sonality ?an y\?1 beauty & _m o!r 7transi5t or situation-dep5d5t7 "* traits4 ,money is an integral "p ( its own] & a reliable witness z to 8 m5tal disposition4 ,x is1 !re=e1 a valid crit]ion = discrim9ation4 ,! o!r argum5t 9 fav\r ( fav\r+ ! fir/ class pass5g]s is _! contribution to society4 ,a ri* p]son contributes m to 8 society 9 ! %ort] & m$ium t]m ?an a poor p]son4 ,v9c5t ,van ,gogh may h be5 a million times m valuable to humanity1 z a :ole1 ?an 8 bro!r ,!o - 9 ! long run4 ,b 9 ! int]m$iate t]m1 ,!o made x possible = ,v9c5t & _m o!rs 7family1 employees1 suppli]s1 _! dep5dants & 8 c\ntry7 to survive by virtue ( 8 weal?4 ,ri* p fe$ & clo? poor p directly 7employm5t1 donations7 & indirectly 7taxation74 ,! opposite1 alas1 is n ! case4 ,yet1 ?is argum5t is flaw$ because x does n take "t into acc\nt4 ,we h no way to pr$ict ! future ) any c]ta9ty4 ,ea* p]son c>ries ! ,m>%all's baton 9 8 bag1 ! pa9t]'s bru%1 ! au?or's fables4 ,x is ! pot5tial t %\ld c\nt4 ,a selection process1 :i* w\ld h pref]r$ ,!o to ,v9c5t w\ld h be5 errone\s4 ,9 ! long run1 ,v9c5t prov$ m b5eficial to human society & 9 m ways - includ+ f9ancially - !n ,!o c\ld h ev] be54 ,be+ ,john ,malkovi* ,by3 ,dr4 ,sam ,vakn9 ,a qu9tess5tial los]1 an out-(-job puppete]1 is hir$ by a firm1 ^: (fices are ensconc$ 9 a half floor 7lit]ally4 ,! ceil+ is ab\t a metre high1 rem9isc5t ( ,taniel's halluc9atory ,alice 9 ,wond]l& illu/rations74 ,by %e] accid5t1 he discov]s a tunnel 7a portal1 9 ,int]net-age p>lance71 :i* sucks its visitors into ! m9d ( ! celebrat$ actor1 ,john ,malkovi*4 ,! movie is a tongue 9 *eek disc\rse ( id5tity1 g5d] & passion 9 an age ( languid promiscuity4 ,x poses all ! "r metaphysical riddles & presses ! view]s' intellectual /imulation buttons4 ,a two l9e bit ( dialogue1 ?\gh1 =ms ! axis ( ?is nightm>i%ly *im]ical film4 ,john ,malkovi* 7play$ by himself71 enrag$ & bewild]$ by ! unaba%$ comm]cial exploitation ( ! s]5dipit\s portal to 8 m9d1 insi/s t ,craig1 ! a=em5tion$ puppet ma/]1 cease & desi/ ) 8 activities4 ,x is ,,my bra9 - he screams &1 ) a typical ,am]ican f9ale1 ,i w see y 9 c\rt4 ,craig responds3 ,b1 x 0 ,i :o discov]$ ! portal4 ,x is my livelihood4 ,?is app>5tly innocu\s ex*ange disguises a few v unsettl+ e?ical dilemmas4 ,! basic "q is ^: bra9 is x1 anyway8 ,does ,john ,malkovi* ,,own 8 bra98 ,is "o's bra9 - "o's ,,prop]ty8 ,prop]ty is usually acquir$ someh[4 ,is our bra9 acquir$8 ,x is cle> t we d n acquire ! h>dw>e 7neurones7 & s(tw>e 7electrical & *emical pa?ways7 we are born )4 ,b x is equally cle> t we d acquire bo? bra9 mass & ! cont5ts ( our bra9s 7its wir+ or irrev]sible *emical *anges7 ?r\gh le>n+ & exp]i5ce4 ,does ?is process ( acquisition end[ u ) prop]ty rights8 ,x w\ld seem t prop]ty rights p]ta9+ to human bodies are fairly re/rict$4 ,we h no "r to sell our kidneys1 = in/ance4 ,or to de/roy our body ?r\gh ! use ( drugs4 ,or to commit an abortion at w4 ,yet1 ! law does recognize & /rives to en=ce copyrights1 pat5ts & o!r =ms ( intellectual prop]ty rights4 ,?is di*otomy is curi\s4 ,= :at is intellectual prop]ty b a m]e record ( ! bra9's activities8 ,a book1 a pa9t+1 an inv5tion are ! docum5tation & repres5tation ( bra9 waves4 ,!y are m]e %ad[s1 symbols ( ! real pres5ce - our m9d4 ,h[ c we reconcile ?is contradiction8 ,we are deem$ by ! law to be capable ( hold+ full & unmitigat$ rights to ! ,,products ( our bra9 activity1 to ! record+ & docum5tation ( our bra9 waves4 ,b we hold only p>tial rights to ! bra9 itself1 _! orig9ator4 ,?is c be some:at und]/ood if we 7 to consid] ?is article1 = in/ance4 ,x is compos$ on a ^w processor4 ,i d n own full rights to ! ^w process+ s(tw>e 7m]ely a lic5ce71 nor is ! laptop ,i use my prop]ty - b ,i posses & c ex]cise & en=ce full rights reg>d+ ?is article4 ,admitt$ly1 x is a p>tial p>allel1 at be/3 ! comput] & ^w process+ s(tw>e are passive elem5ts4 ,x is my bra9 t does ! au?or+4 ,& s1 ! my/]y rema9s3 h[ c ,i own ! article - b n my bra98 ,:y d ,i h ! "r to ru9 ! article at w - b n to annihilate my bra9 at :im8 ,ano!r angle ( philosophical attack is to say t we r>ely hold rights to nature or to life4 ,we c copyright a photograph we take ( a =e/ - b n ! =e/4 ,to r$uce x to ! absurd3 we c own a sunset captur$ on film - b nev] ! ph5om5on ?us docum5t$4 ,! bra9 is natural & life's pivot - c\ld ?is be :y we _c fully own x8 ,wrong premises inevitably lead to wrong conclusions4 ,we (t5 own natural objects & manife/ations1 includ+ ^? relat$ to human life directly4 ,we ev5 issue pat5ts = sequ5ces ( human ,,dna4 ,& p d own =e/s & riv]s & ! specific views ( sunsets4 ,"s s*ol>s raise ! issues ( exclusivity & sc>city z ! precursors ( prop]ty rights4 ,my bra9 c be access$ only by myself & its is "o ( a k9d 7sui g5]is74 ,true b n relevant4 ,"o _c rigor\sly d]ive f ^! prop]ties ( our bra9 a "r to d5y o!rs access to !m 7%\ld ?is become te*nologically feasible7 - or ev5 to set a price on su* grant$ access4 ,9 o!r words1 exclusivity & sc>city d n con/itute prop]ty rights or ev5 lead to _! e/abli%m5t4 ,o!r rights may be at play 7! "r to privacy1 = in/ance7 - b n ! "r to own prop]ty & to d]ive economic b5efits f su* own]%ip4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is surpris+ly easy to ?9k ( num]\s exceptions to a purport$ natural "r ( s+le access to "o's bra94 ,if "o memoriz$ ! =mula to cure ,,aids or canc] & refus$ to divulge x = a reasonable comp5sation - surely1 we %\ld feel entitl$ to invade 8 bra9 & extract x8 ,once su* te*nology is available - %\ldn't au?oriz$ bodies ( inspection h access to ! bra9s ( our lead]s on a p]iodic basis8 ,& %\ldn't we all ga9 visitation rights to ! m9ds ( great m5 & wom5 ( sci5ce1 art & culture - z we d today ga9 access to _! homes & to ! products ( _! bra9s8 ,!re is "o hidd5 assumption1 ?\gh1 9 bo? ! movie & ?is article4 ,x is t m9d & bra9 are "o4 ,! portal leads to ,john ,malkovi*'s ,,m9d - yet1 he keeps talk+ ab\t 8 ,,bra9 & wri?+ physically on ! scre54 ,! portal is useless )\t ,,jm's m9d4 ,inde$1 "o c wond] :e!r ,,jm's m9d is n an ,,integral "p ( ! portal - /ructurally & functionally insep>able f x4 ,if s1 does n ! discov]] ( ! portal hold equal rights to ,john ,malkovi*'s m9d1 an integral "p !re(8 ,! portal leads to ,,jm's m9d4 ,c we prove t x leads to 8 bra98 ,is ?is id5tity automatic8 ,( c\rse n4 ,x is ! old psy*ophysical "q1 at ! he>t ( dualism - /ill f> f resolv$4 ,c a ,,m9d be copyright$ or pat5t$8 ,if no "o kn[s ,,:at is ! m9d - h[ c x be ! subject ( laws & rights8 ,if ,,jm is bo!r$ by ! portal voyag]s1 ! intrud]s - he surely has legal rec\rse1 b n ?r\gh ! application ( ! rights to own prop]ty & to b5efit f x4 ,^! rights provide him ) no rem$y because _! subject 7! m9d7 is a my/]y4 ,c ,,jm sue ,craig & 8 cli5tele = unau?oriz$ visits to 8 m9d 7trespass+7 - ,,if he is unaw>e ( _! com+s & go+s & unp]turb$ by !m8 ,moreov]1 c he prove t ! portal leads to ,,8 m9d1 t x is ,,8 m9d t is be+ visit$8 ,is !re a way to ,,prove t "o has visit$ ano!r's m9d8 7,see3 ,on ,empa?y74 ,& if prop]ty rights to "o's bra9 & m9d 7 firmly e/abli%$ - h[ w telepa?y 7if ev] prov57 be treat$ legally8 ,or m9d read+8 ,! record+ ( dreams8 ,w a di/9ction be made betwe5 a m]e visit - & ! ex]cise ( influ5ce on ! ho/ & 8 _/ h] manipulation 7simil> que/ions arise 9 "t travel78 ,?is1 precisely1 is :]e ! film crosses ! l9e betwe5 ! intrigu+ & ! macabre4 ,! ma/] puppete]1 unable to resi/ 8 urges1 manipulates ,john ,malkovi* & f9ally possesses him completely4 ,?is is s cle>ly wrong1 s manife/ly =bidd51 s pat5tly immoral1 t ! film loses its urg5t ambival5ce1 its surreali/ic moral l&scape & det]iorates into ano!r banal com$y ( situations4 ,dreamcat*] - ,! ,my? ( ,de/ructibility ,by3 ,dr4 ,sam ,vakn9 ,read ^! essays fir/3 ,! ,habitual ,id5tity ,dea?1 ,mean+1 & ,id5tity ,be+ ,john ,malkovi* ,%att]$ ,id5tity ,m ,film ,,reviews - ,,"h6 ,9 ! movie ,dreamcat*]1 f\r *ildhood fri5ds1 expos$ to an ali51 disguis$ z a ret>d$ *ild1 develop psy*ic p[]s4 ,ye>s lat] !y reunite only to confront a vici\s extrat]re/rial life-=m4 ,only two survive b !y succe$ to eradicate ! mon/] by inc9]at+ x & cru%+ its t9y (f-spr+ und]foot4 ,be+ mortal ourselves1 we _c conceive ( an inde/ructible entity4 ,! artifacts ( popul> culture - ?rill]s1 action & sci-fi films1 video games1 comput] viruses - assume t all organisms1 organizations & automata possess fatal vuln]abilities4 ,m$ic9e & w>f>e are pr$icat$ on a simil> cont5tion4 ,we react ) %ock & horror :5 we are fac$ ) resi/ant /a9s ( bact]ia or ) creatures1 ma*9es1 or gr\ps able to survive & ?rive 9 extremely ho/ile environm5ts4 ,de/ruction is multi-facet$4 ,ev5 ! simple/ sy/em has a /ructure & p]=ms functions4 ,if ! spatial cont9uity or arrangem5t ( an entity's /ructure is sev]$ or sub/antially trans=m$ - its functions are usually adv]sely affect$4 ,direct int]f]5ce ) a sy/em's functionality is equally delet]i\s4 ,we c r5d] a sy/em dysfunctional by inhibit+ or rev]s+ any /age 9 ! complex processes involv$ - or by prev5t+ ! entity's communication ) its environs4 ,ano!r me?od ( annihilation involves ! alt]ation ( ! entity's context - its surr\nd+s1 its codes & signals1 its int]active patt]ns1 its pot5tial p>tn]s1 fri5ds & foes4 ,f9d+ ! le?al weaknesses ( an organism1 an app>atus1 or a society is describ$ z a process ( trial & error4 ,b ! outcome is gu>ante$3 mortal susceptibility is assum$ to be a univ]sal trait4 ,no "o & no?+ is p]fectly immune1 utt]ly invuln]able1 or beyond ext]m9ation4 ,yet1 :at is poison to "o species is nect> to ano!r4 ,wat] c be ei!r toxic or indisp5sable1 dep5d+ on ! animal1 ! automaton1 or ! sy/em4 ,scor*+ temp]atures1 sulfur emissions1 ammonia or absolute lack ( oxyg5 are1 to "s organisms1 ! *>act]i/ics ( invit+ habitats4 ,to o!rs1 ! v same are deadly4 ,c we conceive ( an inde/ructible ?+ - be x unicellul> or multicellul>1 alive or robotic1 compos$ ( indep5d5t individuals or act+ 9 p]fect1 c5trally-dictat$ unison8 ,c any?+ be1 9 pr9ciple1 et]nal8 ,?is "q is n z outl&i% z x s\nds4 ,by fight+ disease & try+ to po/pone dea?1 = in/ance1 we aspire to immortality & imp]i%ability4 ,"s ( u believe 9 ,god - an entity securely beyond ru94 ,intuitively1 we consid] ! ,univ]se - if n "t & space - to be ev]la/+1 ?\gh con/antly metamorphos+4 ,:at is common to ^! examples ( inf9ite resili5ce is _! unb\nd$ & unp>allel$ size & might4 ,less] objects are born or creat$4 ,s9ce !re has be5 a "t1 prior to _! g5esis1 9 :i* !y did n exi/ - x is easy to imag9e a future )\t !m4 ,ev5 :]e ! di/9ction betwe5 individual & collective is spuri\s _! end is plausible4 ,true1 ?\gh we c oblit]ate num]\s individual bact]ia - o!rs1 g5etically id5tical1 w always survive our onslaught4 ,yet1 %\ld ! entire ,e>? vani% - s w\ld ^! organisms4 ,! ext9ction ( all bact]ia1 ?\gh pr$icat$ on an unlikely ev5t1 is /ill ?9kable4 ,b :at ab\t an entity t is pure en]gy1 a matrix ( fields1 a ?\ght1 immat]ial yet v real1 omnipres5t & pres5t n[h]e8 ,su* a be+ comes p]il\sly close to ! div9e4 ,= if x is conf9$ to c]ta9 space - h[ev] imm5se - x is p]i%able toge!r ) t space4 ,if x is n - !n x is ,god1 z p]ceiv$ by its believ]s4 ,b :at con/itutes de/ruction or annihilation8 ,we are famili> ) dea? - widely consid]$ ! mo/ common =m ( inexi/5ce4 ,b "s p believe t dea? is m]ely a trans=mation f "o /ate ( be+ to ano!r4 ,sometimes all ! con/itu5ts ( a sy/em rema9 intact b cease to int]act4 ,does ?is am\nt to oblit]ation8 ,& :at ab\t a ma*9e t /ops int]act+ ) its environm5t altoge!r - ?\gh its int]nal processes cont9ue unabat$4 ,is x /ill function+8 ,x is ne> impossible to say :5 a live or function+ entity ceases to be s4 ,dea? is ! =m ( de/ruction we are mo/ acqua9t$ )4 ,= a discussion ( dea? & ! human condition - read ?is ,dea?1 ,mean+1 & ,id5tity ,t ,h ,e ,a ,u ,t ,h ,o ,r ,,%muel 7,,sam7 ,,vakn9 ,curriculum ,vitae ,click on blue text to access relevant web sites - ?ank y4 ,born 9 #aifa 9 ,qiryat-,yam1 ,israel4 ,s]v$ 9 ! ,israeli ,def5ce ,=ce 7#aigi-aihb7 9 tra9+ & education units4 ,education ,graduat$ a few seme/]s 9 ! ,te*nion - ,israel ,in/itute ( ,te*nology1 ,haifa4 ,ph4,d4 9 ,philosophy 7major 3 ,philosophy ( ,physics7 - ,pacific ,we/]n ,univ]sity1 ,cali=nia4 ,graduate ( num]\s c\rses 9 ,f9ance ,!ory & ,int]national ,trad+4 ,c]tifi$ ,e-,comm]ce ,concepts ,analy/4 ,c]tifi$ 9 ,psy*ological ,c\nsell+ ,te*niques4 ,full pr(ici5cy 9 ,hebrew & 9 ,engli%4 ,bus9ess ,exp]i5ce #aihj to #aihc ,f\nd] & co-own] ( a *a9 ( comput]iz$ in=mation kiosks 9 ,tel-,aviv1 ,israel4 #aihb to #aihe ,s5ior positions ) ! ,nessim ,d4 ,gaon ,gr\p ( ,companies 9 ,g5eva1 ,p>is & ,new-,york 7,,noga & ,,apr(im ,,sa73 - ,*ief ,analy/ ( ,edible ,commodities 9 ! ,gr\p's ,headqu>t]s 9 ,switz]l&4 - ,manag] ( ! ,rese>* & ,analysis ,division - ,manag] ( ! ,data ,process+ ,division - ,project ,manag] ( ,! ,nig]ian ,comput]iz$ ,c5sus - ,vice ,presid5t 9 *>ge ( ,,rnd & ,advanc$ ,te*nologies - ,vice ,presid5t 9 *>ge ( ,sov]eign ,debt ,f9anc+ #aihe to #aihf ,repres5t$ ,canadian ,v5ture ,capital ,funds 9 ,israel4 #aihf to #aihg ,g5]al ,manag] ( ,,ipe ,ltd4 9 ,london4 ,! firm f9anc$ int]national multi-lat]al c\nt]trade & leas+ transactions4 #aihh to #aiij ,co-f\nd] & ,director ( ,mikbats - ,tesuah1 a portfolio managem5t firm bas$ 9 ,tel-,aviv4 ,activities includ$ l>ge-scale portfolio managem5t1 und]writ+1 =ex trad+ & g5]al f9ancial advisory s]vices4 #aiij to ,pres5t ,free-lance consultant to _m ( ,israel's ,blue-,*ip firms1 ma9ly on issues relat$ to ! capital m>kets 9 ,israel1 ,canada1 ! ,,uk & ! ,,usa4 ,consultant to =eign ,,rnd v5tures & to ,gov]nm5ts on macro-economic matt]s4 ,presid5t ( ! ,israel *apt] ( ! ,pr(essors ,_w ,peace ,academy 7,,pwpa7 & 7briefly7 ,israel repres5tative ( ! ,wa%+ton ,times4 #aiic to #aiid ,co-own] & ,director ( _m bus9ess ent]prises3 - ,! ,omega & ,en]gy ,air-,condition+ ,conc]n - ,,avp ,f9ancial ,consultants - ,h&iman ,legal ,s]vices ,total annual turnov] ( ! gr\p3 #aj million ,,usd4 ,co-own]1 ,director & ,f9ance ,manag] ( ,,co/i ,ltd4 - ,israel's l>ge/ comput]iz$ in=mation v5dor & develop]4 ,rais$ funds ?r\gh a s]ies ( private placem5ts locally1 9 ! ,,usa1 ,canada & ,london4 #aiic to #aiif ,publi%] & ,editor ( a ,capital ,m>kets ,newslett] di/ribut$ by subscription only to doz5s ( subscrib]s c\ntrywide4 ,9 a legal prec$5t 9 #aiie - /udi$ 9 bus9ess s*ools & law faculties across ,israel - 0 tri$ = 8 role 9 an attempt$ takeov] ( ,israel's ,agriculture ,bank4 ,0 int]n$ 9 ! ,/ate ,s*ool ( ,prison ,w>d5s4 ,manag$ ! ,c5tral ,s*ool ,libr>y1 wrote1 publi%$ & lectur$ on v>i\s occasions4 ,manag$ ! ,int]net & ,int]national ,news ,dep>tm5t ( an ,israeli mass m$ia gr\p1 ,ha-,tik%oret & ,nam]4 ,assi/ant 9 ! 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,ra9 ,h[ ! ,we/ ,lo/ ! ,ea/ ,! ,book ,?is is a s]ies ( articles writt5 & publi%$ 9 #aiif-bjjj 9 ,mac$onia1 9 ,russia1 9 ,egypt & 9 ! ,cze* ,republic4 ,h[ ! ,we/ lo/ ! ,ea/4 ,! economics1 ! politics1 ! geopolitics1 ! conspiracies1 ! corruption1 ! old & ! new1 ! pl\gh & ! int]net - x is all "h1 9 col\rful & provocative prose4 ,f ,! ,m9d ( ,d>kness3 ',! ,balkans' - ,i say - 'is ! unconsci\s ( ! _w'4 ,p /op to dige/ ?is metaphor & !n !y nod en?usia/ically4 ,x is "h t ! repress$ memories ( hi/ory1 its traumas & fe>s & images reside4 ,x is "h t ! psy*odynamics ( humanity - ! tectonic cla% betwe5 ,rome & ,byzantium1 ,we/ & ,ea/1 ,judeo-,*ri/ianity & ,islam - is /ill easily disc]nible4 ,we are seat$ at a ,new ,ye>'s d9+ table1 load$ ) a roa/$ pig & exotic salads4 ,i1 ! ,jew1 only half =eign to ?is cradle ( ,slavonics4 ,f\r ,s]bs1 five ,mac$onians4 ,x is 9 ! ,balkans t all e?nic di/9ctions fail & x is "h t !y prevail ana*roni/ically & atavi/ically4 ,contradiction & *ange ! only two fixtures ( ?is torm5t$ region4 ,! wom5 ( ! ,balkan - buri$ "u provocative mask-l make up1 retro hair/yles & too n>r[ dresses4 ,! m51 clad 9 sepia col\rs1 old fa%ion$ suits & turn ( ! c5tury m\/a*es4 ,9 ! backgr\nd !re is ! cry+ game t is ,balkanian music3 liturgy & folk & elegy comb9$4 ,! smells are heavy ) muskul> p]fumes4 ,x is l "t travel4 ,x is l revisit+ "o's *ildhood4 ,! ,au?or ,sam ,vakn9 is ! au?or ( ,malignant ,self ,love - ,n>cissism ,revisit$ & ,aft] ! ,ra9 - ,h[ ! ,we/ ,lo/ ! ,ea/4 ,he is a columni/ = ,c5tral ,europe ,review & e,book,web 1 a ,unit$ ,press ,int]national 7,,upi7 ,s5ior ,bus9ess ,correspond5t1 & ! editor ( m5tal heal? & ,c5tral ,ea/ ,europe categories 9 ,! ,op5 ,directory & ,suite#aja4 ,until rec5tly1 he s]v$ z ! ,economic ,advisor to ! ,gov]nm5t ( ,mac$onia4 ,visit ,sam's ,web site at http3_/_/samvak4tripod4com