,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,telephone ,by ,h]b]t ,n4 ,casson ,,preface ,?irty-five %ort ye>s1 & pre/o6 ! newborn art ( telephony is fullgr[n4 ,?ree million telephones are n[ scatt]$ abroad 9 =eign c\ntries1 & sev5 millions are mass$ "h1 9 ! l& ( its bir?4 ,s entirely has ! telephone outgr[n ! ridicule ) :i*1 z _m p c well rememb]1 x 0 fir/ receiv$1 t x is n[ 9 mo/ places tak5 = grant$1 z ?\gh x 7 a "p ( ! natural ph5om5a ( ?is planet4 ,x has s m>vell\sly ext5d$ ! facilities ( conv]sation--t art 9 :i* a man has all mank9d = competitors--t x is n[ an indisp5sable help to :oev] w\ld live ! conv5i5t life4 ,! disadvantage ( be+ deaf & dumb to all abs5t p]sons1 :i* 0 univ]sal 9 pre-telephonic days1 has n[ happily be5 ov]come2 & ,i hope t ?is /ory ( h[ & by :om x 0 done w be a welcome addition to ,am]ican libr>ies4 ,x is su* a /ory z ! telephone itself might tell1 if x c\ld speak ) a voice ( its own4 ,x is n te*nical4 ,x is n /ati/ical4 ,x is n exhau/ive4 ,x is s brief1 9 fact1 t a second volume c\ld readily be made by describ+ ! c>e]s ( telephone lead]s ^: names ,i f9d h be5 omitt$ un9t5tionally f ?is book--su* indisp5sable m51 = in/ance1 z ,william ,r4 ,driv]1 :o has sign$ m telephone *eques & l>g] ones ?an any o!r man2 ,geo4 ,s4 ,hibb>d1 ,h5ry ,w4 ,pope1 & ,w4 ,d4 ,s>g5t1 ?ree vet]ans :o "k telephony 9 all its phases2 ,george ,y4 ,wallace1 ! la/ survivor ( ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 pione]s2 ,jasp] ,n4 ,kell]1 ( ,texas & ,new ,engl&2 ,w4 ,t4 ,g5try1 ! c5tral figure ( ! ,s\!a/1 & ! foll[+ presid5ts ( telephone companies3 ,b]n>d ,e4 ,sunny1 ( ,*icago2 ,e4 ,b4 ,field1 ( ,d5v]2 ,d4 ,leet ,wilson1 ( ,pittsburg2 ,l4 ,g4 ,ri*>dson1 ( ,indianapolis2 ,casp> ,e4 ,yo/1 ( ,omaha2 ,james ,e4 ,caldwell1 ( ,na%ville2 ,?omas ,%]w91 ( ,bo/on2 ,h5ry ,t4 ,scott1 ( ,san ,francisco2 ,h4 ,j4 ,pett5gill1 ( ,dallas2 ,alonzo ,burt1 ( ,milwaukee2 ,john ,kilg\r1 ( ,c9c9nati2 & ,*as4 ,s4 ,gle$1 ( ,kansas ,city4 ,i am deeply indebt$ to mo/ ( ^! m5 = ! in=mation :i* is h]e) pres5t$2 & also to su* pione]s1 n[ dead1 z ,o4 ,e4 ,madd51 ! fir/ ,g5]al ,ag5t2 ,frank ,l4 ,pope1 ! not$ electrical exp]t2 ,c4 ,h4 ,hask9s1 ( ,milwaukee2 ,george ,f4 ,ladd1 ( ,san ,francisco2 & ,geo4 ,f4 ,durant1 ( ,/4 ,l\is4 ,h4 ,n4 ,c4 ,,p9e ,,hill1 ,n4 ,y41 ,june #a1 #aiaj4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,bir? ,,( ,,! ,,telephone ,,ii ,,! ,,build+ ,,( ,,! ,,bus9ess ,,iii ,,! ,,hold+ ,,( ,,! ,,bus9ess ,,iv ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,art ,v ,,! ,,expansion ,,( ,,! ,,bus9ess ,,vi ,,notable ,,us]s ,,( ,,! ,,telephone ,,vii ,,! ,,telephone ,,& ,,national ,,effici5cy ,,viii ,,! ,,telephone ,,9 ,,=eign ,,c\ntries ,,ix ,,! ,,future ,,( ,,! ,,telephone ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,telephone ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,! ,,bir? ,,( ,,! ,,telephone ,9 t some:at di/ant ye> #ahge1 :5 ! telegraph & ! ,atlantic cable 7 ! mo/ wond]ful ?+s 9 ! _w1 a tall "y pr(essor ( elocution 0 desp]ately busy 9 a noisy ma*9e-%op t /ood 9 "o ( ! n>r[ /reets ( ,bo/on1 n f> f ,scollay ,squ>e4 ,x 0 a v hot aft]noon 9 ,june1 b ! "y pr(essor _h =gott5 ! heat & ! grime ( ! work%op4 ,he 0 :olly absorb$ 9 ! mak+ ( a nondescript ma*9e1 a sort ( crude h>monica ) a clock-spr+ re$1 a magnet1 & a wire4 ,x 0 a mo/ absurd toy 9 appe>ance4 ,x 0 unlike any o!r ?+ t _h ev] be5 made 9 any c\ntry4 ,! "y pr(essor _h be5 toil+ ov] x = ?ree ye>s & x _h con/antly baffl$ him1 until1 on ?is hot aft]noon 9 ,june1 #ahge1 he he>d an almo/ inaudible s\nd--a fa9t ,,twang--come f ! ma*9e itself4 ,= an in/ant he 0 /unn$4 ,he _h be5 expect+ j su* a s\nd = sev]al mon?s1 b x came s sudd5ly z to give him ! s5sation ( surprise4 ,8 eyes blaz$ ) delight1 & he sprang 9 a passion ( eag]ness to an adjo9+ room 9 :i* /ood a "y me*anic :o 0 assi/+ him4 ,snap t re$ aga91 ,watson1 cri$ ! app>5tly irrational "y pr(essor4 ,!re 0 "o ( ! odd-look+ ma*9es 9 ea* room1 s x appe>s1 & ! two 7 connect$ by an electric wire4 ,watson _h snapp$ ! re$ on "o ( ! ma*9es & ! pr(essor _h he>d f ! o!r ma*9e exactly ! same s\nd4 ,x 0 no m ?an ! g5tle ,,twang ( a clock-spr+2 b x 0 ! fir/ "t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w t a complete s\nd _h be5 c>ri$ along a wire1 reproduc$ p]fectly at ! o!r end1 & he>d by an exp]t 9 ac\/ics4 ,t twang ( ! clock-spr+ 0 ! fir/ t9y cry ( ! newborn telephone1 utt]$ 9 ! clang+ d9 ( a ma*9e-%op & happily he>d by a man ^: e> _h be5 tra9$ to recognize ! /range voice ( ! little newcom]4 ,!re1 amid/ fly+ belts & j>r+ :eels1 ! baby telephone 0 born1 z feeble & helpless z any o!r baby1 & ) no language b a cry4 ,! pr(essor-inv5tor1 :o _h ?us rescu$ ! t9y f\ndl+ ( sci5ce1 0 a "y ,scotti% ,am]ican4 ,8 "n1 n[ kn[n z widely z ! telephone itself1 0 ,alex&] ,graham ,bell4 ,he 0 a tea*] ( ac\/ics & a /ud5t ( electricity1 possibly ! only man 9 8 g5]ation :o 0 able to focus a k ( bo? subjects ^u ! problem ( ! telephone4 ,to o!r m5 t exce$+ly fa9t s\nd w\ld h be5 z inaudible z sil5ce itself2 b to ,bell x 0 a ?und]-clap4 ,x 0 a dream come true4 ,x 0 an impossible ?+ :i* _h 9 a fla% become s easy t he c\ld sc>cely believe x4 ,"h1 )\t ! use ( a batt]y1 ) no m electric curr5t ?an t made by a c\ple ( magnets1 all ! waves ( a s\nd _h be5 c>ri$ along a wire & *ang$ back to s\nd at ! f>!r end4 ,x 0 absurd4 ,x 0 incr$ible4 ,x 0 some?+ :i* nei!r wire nor electricity _h be5 kn[n to d be=e4 ,b x 0 true4 ,no discov]y has ev] be5 less accid5tal4 ,x 0 ! la/ l9k ( a long *a9 ( discov]ies4 ,x 0 ! result ( a p]si/5t & delib]ate se>*4 ,already1 = half a ye> or long]1 ,bell _h kn[n ! correct !ory ( ! telephone2 b he _h n realiz$ t ! feeble undulatory curr5t g5]at$ by a magnet 0 /rong en\gh = ! transmission ( spee*4 ,he _h be5 taught to und]value ! incr$ible effici5cy ( electricity4 ,n only 0 ,bell himself a tea*] ( ! laws ( spee*1 s highly skill$ t he 0 an in/ructor 9 ,bo/on ,univ]sity4 ,8 fa!r1 also1 8 two bro!rs1 8 uncle1 & 8 gr&fa!r _h taught ! laws ( spee* 9 ! univ]sities ( ,ed9burgh1 ,dubl91 & ,london4 ,= ?ree g5]ations ! ,bells _h be5 pr(essors ( ! sci5ce ( talk+4 ,!y _h ev5 help$ to create t sci5ce by sev]al inv5-tions4 ,! fir/ ( !m1 ,alex&] ,bell1 _h inv5t$ a sy/em = ! correction ( /amm]+ & simil> defects ( spee*4 ,! second1 ,alex&] ,melville ,bell1 0 ! dean ( ,briti% elocutioni/s1 a man ( creative bra9 & a mo/ impressive facility ( rhetoric4 ,he 0 ! au?or ( a doz5 text-books on ! art ( speak+ correctly1 & also ( a mo/ +5i\s sign-language :i* he call$ ,visible ,spee*4 ,e lett] 9 ! alphabet ( ?is language repres5t$ a c]ta9 action ( ! lips & tongue2 s t a new me?od 0 provid$ = ^? :o wi%$ to le>n =eign languages or to speak _! own language m correctly4 ,& ! ?ird ( ^! spee*-improv+ ,bells1 ! inv5tor ( ! telephone1 inh]it$ ! peculi> g5ius ( 8 fa!rs1 bo? inv5tive & rhetorical1 to su* a degree t z a boy he _h con/ruct$ an artificial skull1 f gutta-p]*a & ,india rubb]1 :i*1 :5 enliv5$ by a bla/ ( air f a h&-bell[s1 w\ld actually pron\nce sev]al words 9 an almo/ human mann]4 ,! ?ird ,bell1 ! only "o ( ?is rem>kable family :o conc]ns u at ?is "t1 0 a "y man1 b>ely tw5ty-eight1 at ! "t :5 8 e> caught ! fir/ cry ( ! telephone4 ,b he 0 already a man ( "s note on 8 own acc\nt4 ,he _h be5 educat$ 9 ,ed9burgh1 ! city ( 8 bir?1 & 9 ,london2 & _h 9 "o way & ano!r pick$ up a smatt]+ ( anatomy1 music1 electricity1 & telegraphy4 ,until he 0 sixte5 ye>s ( age1 he _h read no?+ b novels & poetry & romantic tales ( ,scotti% h]oes4 ,!n he left home to become a tea*] ( elocution 9 v>i\s ,briti% s*ools1 & by ! "t he 0 ( age he _h made sev]al slight discov]ies z to ! nature ( v[el-s\nds4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds1 he met 9 ,london two di/+ui%$ m51 ,alex&] ,j4 ,ellis & ,sir ,*>les ,:eat/one1 :o did f> m ?an !y ev] knew to =w>d ,bell 9 ! direction ( ! telephone4 ,ellis 0 ! presid5t ( ! ,london ,philological ,society4 ,also1 he 0 ! translator ( ! fam\s book on ,! ,s5sations ( ,tone1 writt5 by ,helmholtz1 :o1 9 ! p]iod f #ahga to #ahid made ,b]l9 ! _w-c5tre = ! /udy ( ! physical sci5ces4 ,s x happ5$ t :5 ,bell ran to ,ellis z a "y en?usia/ & told 8 exp]im5ts1 ,ellis in=m$ him t ,helmholtz _h done ! same ?+s sev]al ye>s be=e & done !m m completely4 ,he br\ght ,bell to 8 h\se & %[$ him :at ,helmholtz _h done--h[ he _h kept tun+-=ks 9 vibration by ! p[] ( electro-magnets1 & bl5d$ ! tones ( sev]al tun+-=ks toge!r to produce ! complex quality ( ! human voice4 ,n[1 ,helmholtz _h n be5 try+ to inv5t a telephone1 nor any sort ( message-c>ri]4 ,8 aim 0 to po9t out ! physical basis ( music1 & no?+ m4 ,b ?is fact t an electro-magnet w\ld set a tun+-=k humm+ 0 new to ,bell & v attractive4 ,x appeal$ at once to him z a /ud5t ( spee*4 ,if a tun+-=k c\ld be made to s+ by a magnet or an electrifi$ wire1 :y w\ld x n be possible to make a musical telegraph--a telegraph ) a piano key-bo>d1 s t _m messages c\ld be s5t at once ov] a s+le wire8 ,unkn[n to ,bell1 !re 7 sev]al doz5 inv5-tors !n at "w ^u ?is problem1 :i* prov$ 9 ! end to be v elusive4 ,b x gave him at lea/ a />t+-po9t1 & he =?) comm5c$ 8 que/ ( ! telephone4 ,z he 0 !n 9 ,engl&1 8 fir/ /ep 0 naturally to visit ,sir ,*>les ,:eat/one1 ! be/ kn[n ,engli% exp]t on telegraphy4 ,sir ,*>les _h e>n$ 8 title by _m inv5tions4 ,he 0 a simple-natur$ sci5ti/1 & treat$ ,bell ) ! utmo/ k9dness4 ,he %[$ him an +5i\s talk+-ma*9e t _h be5 made by ,b>on de ,kempel94 ,at ?is "t ,bell 0 tw5ty-two & unkn[n2 ,:eat/one 0 sixty-sev5 & fam\s4 ,& ! p]sonality ( ! vet]an sci5ti/ made s vivid a picture ^u ! m9d ( ! impressionable "y ,bell t ! gr& passion ( sci5ce became h5ce=? ! ma/]-motif ( 8 life4 ,f ?is summit ( glori\s ambition he 0 ?r[n1 sev]al mon?s lat]1 into ! dep?s ( grief & despond5cy4 ,! ,:ite ,plague _h come to ! home 9 ,ed9burgh & tak5 away 8 two bro!rs4 ,m1 x _h put its m>k ^u ! "y inv5tor himself4 ,no?+ b a *ange ( climate1 said 8 doctor1 w\ld put him out ( dang]4 ,& s1 to save 8 life1 he & 8 fa!r & "m set sail f ,glasg[ & came to ! small ,canadian t[n ( ,brant=d1 :]e = a ye> he f\ght d[n 8 t5d5cy to consumption1 & satisfi$ 8 n]v\s en]gy by tea*+ ,visible ,spee* to a tribe ( ,mohawk ,indians4 ,by ?is "t x _h become evid5t1 bo? to 8 p>5ts & to 8 fri5ds1 t "y ,graham 0 de/9$ to become "s sort ( a creative g5ius4 ,he 0 tall & supple1 ) a pale complexion1 l>ge nose1 full lips1 jet-black eyes1 & jet-black hair1 bru%$ high & usually rumpl$ into a curly tangle4 ,9 temp]am5t he 0 a true sci5tific ,bohemian1 ) ! ideals ( a savant & ! disposition ( an arti/4 ,he 0 :olly a man ( en?usiasms1 m devot$ to ideas ?an to p2 & less likely to ma/] 8 own ?\ghts ?an to be ma/]$ by !m4 ,he _h no %rewdness1 9 any comm]cial s5se1 & v little k ( ! small practical details ( ord9>y liv+4 ,he 0 always int5se1 always absorb$4 ,:5 he appli$ 8 m9d to a problem1 x became at once an en?rall+ ar5a1 9 :i* !re w5t :irl+ a *>iot-race ( ideas & inv5tive fancies4 ,he _h be5 fasc9at$ f boyhood by 8 fa!r's sy/em ( ,visible ,spee*4 ,he knew x s well t he once a/oni%$ a pr(essor ( ,ori5tal languages by repeat+ correctly a s5t5ce ( ,sanscrit t _h be5 writt5 9 ,visible ,spee* *>act]s4 ,:ile he 0 liv+ 9 ,london 8 mo/ absorb+ en?usiasm 0 ! in/ruction ( a class ( deaf-mutes1 :o c\ld be tra9$ to talk1 he believ$1 by means ( ! ,visible ,spee* alphabet4 ,he 0 s deeply impress$ by ! progress made by ^! pupils1 & by ! pa?os ( _! dumbness1 t :5 he arriv$ 9 ,canada he 0 9 d\bt z to :i* ( ^! two tasks 0 ! m important--! tea*+ ( deaf-mutes or ! inv5tion ( a musical telegraph4 ,at ?is po9t1 & be=e ,bell _h begun to exp]im5t ) 8 telegraph1 ! sc5e ( ! /ory %ifts f ,canada to ,massa*usetts4 ,x appe>s t 8 fa!r1 :ile lectur+ 9 ,bo/on1 _h m5tion$ ,graham's exploits ) a class ( deaf-mutes2 & soon aft]w>d ! ,bo/on ,bo>d ( ,education wrote to ,graham1 (f]+ him five hundr$ doll>s if he w\ld come to ,bo/on & introduce 8 sy/em ( tea*+ 9 a s*ool = deaf-mutes t _h be5 op5$ rec5tly4 ,! "y man joyfully agre$1 & on ! fir/ ( ,april1 #ahga1 cross$ ! l9e & became = ! rema9d] ( 8 life an ,am]ican4 ,= ! next two ye>s 8 telegraphic "w 0 laid aside1 if n =gott54 ,8 success z a tea*] ( deaf-mutes 0 sudd5 & ov]:elm+4 ,x 0 ! educational s5sation ( #ahga4 ,x won him a pr(essor%ip 9 ,bo/on ,univ]sity2 & br\ght s _m pupils ar\nd him t he v5tur$ to op5 an ambiti\s ,s*ool ( ,vocal ,physiology1 :i* became at once a pr(itable ent]prise4 ,= a "t !re seem$ to be little hope ( 8 escap+ f ! burd5 ( ?is success & becom+ an inv5tor1 :51 by a mo/ happy co9cid5ce1 two ( 8 pupils br\ght to him exactly ! sort ( /imulation & practical help t he ne$$ & _h n up to ?is "t receiv$4 ,"o ( ^! pupils 0 a little deaf-mute tot1 five ye>s ( age1 nam$ ,georgie ,s&]s4 ,bell _h agre$ to give him a s]ies ( private lessons = #cej a ye>2 & z ! *ild liv$ ) 8 gr&mo!r 9 ! city ( ,salem1 sixte5 miles f ,bo/on1 x 0 agre$ t ,bell %\ld make 8 home ) ! ,s&]s family4 ,"h he n only f\nd ! ke5e/ int]e/ & sympa?y 9 8 air-ca/les ( inv5tion1 b also 0 giv5 p]mission to use ! cell> ( ! h\se z 8 work%op4 ,= ! next ?ree ye>s ?is cell> 0 8 favorite retreat4 ,he litt]$ x ) tun+-=ks1 magnets1 batt]ies1 coils ( wire1 t9 trumpets1 & cig>-boxes4 ,no "o outside ( ! ,s&]s family 0 all[$ to ent] x1 z ,bell 0 n]v\sly afraid ( hav+ 8 ideas /ol54 ,he w\ld ev5 g to five or six /ores to buy 8 supplies1 = fe> t 8 int5tions %\ld be discov]$4 ,almo/ ) ! secrecy ( a conspirator1 he work$ alone 9 ?is cell>1 usually at night1 & q oblivi\s ( ! fact t sleep 0 a necessity to him & to ! ,s&]s family4 ,(t5 9 ! middle ( ! night ,bell w\ld wake me up1 said ,?omas ,s&]s1 ! fa!r ( ,georgie4 ,8 black eyes w\ld be blaz+ ) excitem5t4 ,leav+ me to g d[n to ! cell>1 he w\ld ru% wildly to ! b>n & beg9 to s5d me signals along 8 exp]im5tal wires4 ,if ,i notic$ any improvem5t 9 8 ma*9e1 he w\ld be delight$4 ,he w\ld leap & :irl ar\nd 9 "o ( 8 w>-dances' & !n g cont5t$ly to b$4 ,b if ! exp]im5t 0 a failure1 he w\ld g back to 8 workb5* & try "s diff]5t plan4 ,! second pupil :o became a factor--a v consid]able factor--9 ,bell's c>e] 0 a fifte5-ye>-old girl nam$ ,mabel ,hubb>d1 :o _h lo/ h] he>+1 & consequ5tly h] spee*1 ?r\gh an attack ( sc>let-fev] :5 a baby4 ,%e 0 a g5tle & lovable girl1 & ,bell1 9 8 ard5t & headlong way1 lo/ 8 he>t to h] completely2 & f\r ye>s lat]1 he _h ! happ9ess ( mak+ h] 8 wife4 ,mabel ,hubb>d did mu* to enc\rage ,bell4 ,%e foll[$ ea* /ep ( 8 progress ) ! ke5e/ int]e/4 ,%e wrote 8 lett]s & copi$ 8 pat5ts4 ,%e *e]$ him on :5 he felt himself beat54 ,& ?r\gh h] sympa?y ) ,bell & 8 ambitions1 %e l$ h] fa!r--a widely kn[n ,bo/on lawy] nam$ ,g>d9] ,g4 ,hubb>d--to become ,bell's *ief spokesman & def5d]1 a true apo/le ( ! telephone4 ,hubb>d fir/ became aw>e ( ,bell's inv5tive ef=ts "o ev5+ :5 ,bell 0 visit+ at 8 home 9 ,cambridge4 ,bell 0 illu/rat+ "s ( ! my/]ies ( ac\/ics by ! aid ( a piano4 ,d y "k1 he said to ,hubb>d1 t if ,i s+ ! note ,g close to ! /r+s ( ! piano1 t ! ,g-/r+ w answ] me8 ,well1 :at !n8 ask$ ,hubb>d4 ,x is a fact ( trem5d\s importance1 repli$ ,bell4 ,x is an evid5ce t we may "s day h a musical telegraph1 :i* w s5d z _m messages simultane\sly ov] "o wire z !re are notes on t piano4 ,lat]1 ,bell v5tur$ to confide to ,hubb>d 8 wild dream ( s5d+ spee* ov] an electric wire1 b ,hubb>d laugh$ him to scorn4 ,n[ y are talk+ nons5se1 he said4 ,su* a ?+ nev] c\ld be m ?an a sci5tific toy4 ,y _h bett] ?r[ t idea out ( y\r m9d & g ahead ) y\r musical telegraph1 :i* if x is successful w make y a millionaire4 ,b ! long] ,bell toil$ at 8 musical telegraph1 ! m he dream$ ( replac+ ! telegraph & its cumbr\s sign-language by a new ma*9e t w\ld c>ry1 n dots & da%es1 b ! human voice4 ,if ,i c make a deaf-mute talk1 he said1 ,i c make iron talk4 ,= mon?s he wav]$ betwe5 ! two ideas4 ,he _h no m ?an ! mo/ hazy conception ( :at ?is voice-c>ry+ ma*9e w\ld be l4 ,at fir/ he conceiv$ ( hav+ a h>p at "o end ( ! wire1 & a speak+-trumpet at ! o!r1 s t ! tones ( ! voice w\ld be reproduc$ by ! /r+s ( ! h>p4 ,!n1 9 ! e>ly ,summ] ( #ahgd1 :ile he 0 puzzl+ ov] ?is h>p app>atus1 ! dim outl9e ( a new pa? sudd5ly gl9t$ 9 front ( him4 ,he _h n be5 =getful ( ,visible ,spee* all ?is :ile1 b _h be5 mak+ exp]im5ts ) two rem>kable ma*9es--! phonautograph & ! manometric capsule1 by means ( :i* ! vibrations ( s\nd 7 made pla9ly visible4 ,if ^! c\ld be im-prov$1 he ?\ght1 !n ! deaf might be taught to speak by ,,sight--by le>n+ an alphabet ( vibrations4 ,he m5tion$ ^! exp]im5ts to a ,bo/on fri5d1 ,dr4 ,cl>5ce ,j4 ,blake1 & he1 be+ a surgeon & an auri/1 naturally said1 ,:y don't y use a ,,real ,,e>8 ,su* an idea nev] _h1 & probably nev] c\ld h1 occurr$ to ,bell2 b he accept$ x ) eag]ness4 ,dr4 ,blake cut an e> f a dead man's head1 toge!r ) ! e>-drum & ! associat$ bones4 ,bell took ?is fragm5t ( a skull & arrang$ x s t a /raw t\*$ ! e>-drum at "o end & a piece ( mov+ smok$ glass at ! o!r4 ,?us1 :5 ,bell spoke l\dly into ! e>1 ! vibrations ( ! drum made t9y m>k+s ^u ! glass4 ,x 0 "o ( ! mo/ extraord9>y incid5ts 9 ! :ole hi/ory ( ! telephone4 ,to an un9itiat$ onlook]1 no?+ c\ld h be5 m gha/ly or absurd4 ,h[ c\ld any "o h int]pret$ ! gruesome joy ( ?is "y pr(essor ) ! pale face & ! black eyes1 :o /ood e>ne/ly s++1 :isp]+1 & %\t+ into a dead man's e>8 ,:at sort ( a wiz>d mu/ he be1 or gh\l1 or madman8 ,& 9 ,salem1 too1 ! home ( ! wit*craft sup]/ition6 ,c]ta9ly x w\ld n h gone well ) ,bell _h he liv$ two c5turies e>li] & be5 caught at su* black magic4 ,:at _h ?is dead man's e> to d ) ! inv5tion ( ! telephone8 ,mu*4 ,bell notic$ h[ small & ?9 0 ! e>-drum1 & yet h[ effectively x c\ld s5d ?rills & vibrations ?r\gh heavy bones4 ,if ?is t9y disc c vibrate a bone1 he ?\ght1 !n an iron disc might vibrate an iron rod1 or at lea/1 an iron wire4 ,9 a fla% ! conception ( a membrane telephone 0 pictur$ 9 8 m9d4 ,he saw 9 imag9ation two iron discs1 or e>-drums1 f> ap>t & connect$ by an electrifi$ wire1 cat*+ ! vibrations ( s\nd at "o end1 & reproduc+ !m at ! o!r4 ,at la/ he 0 on ! "r pa?1 & _h a !oretical k ( :at a speak+ telephone ought to be4 ,:at rema9$ to be done 0 to con/ruct su* a ma*9e & f9d out h[ ! electric curr5t c\ld be/ be br\ght into h>ness4 ,!n1 z ?\gh ,=tune sudd5ly felt t he 0 w9n+ ?is /up5d\s success too easily1 ,bell 0 flung back by an avalan*e ( tr\bles4 ,s&]s & ,hubb>d1 :o _h be5 pay+ ! co/ ( 8 exp]im5ts1 abruptly ann\nc$ t !y w\ld pay no m unless he conf9$ 8 att5tion to ! musical telegraph1 & /opp$ wa/+ 8 "t on e>-toys t nev] c\ld be ( any f9ancial value4 ,:at ^! two m5 ask$ c\ld sc>cely be d5i$1 z "o ( !m 0 8 be/-pay+ patron & ! o!r 0 ! fa!r ( ! girl :om he hop$ to m>ry4 ,if y wi% my daught]1 said ,hubb>d1 y mu/ ab&on y\r fooli% telephone4 ,bell's ,s*ool ( ,vocal ,physiology1 too1 f :i* he _h hop$ s mu*1 _h come to an +lori\s end4 ,he _h be5 too mu* absorb$ 9 8 exp]im5ts to su/a9 x4 ,8 pr(essor%ip _h be5 giv5 up1 & he _h no pupils except ,georgie ,s&]s & ,mabel ,hubb>d4 ,he 0 poor1 mu* poor] ?an 8 associates knew4 ,& 8 m9d 0 torn & di/ract$ by ! contr>y calls ( sci5ce1 pov]ty1 bus9ess1 & affection4 ,p\r+ out 8 sorr[s 9 a lett] to 8 "m1 he said3 ,i am n[ beg9n+ to realize ! c>es & anxieties ( be+ an inv5tor4 ,i h _h to put (f all pupils & classes1 = fle% & blood c\ld n /& mu* long] su* a /ra9 z ,i h _h ^u me4 ,:ile /umbl+ ?r\gh ?is ,sl\gh ( ,despond1 he 0 call$ to ,wa%+ton by 8 pat5t lawy]4 ,n hav+ en\gh money to pay ! co/ ( su* a j\rney1 he borr[$ ! price ( a return ticket f ,s&]s & arrang$ to /ay ) a fri5d 9 ,wa%+ton1 to save a hotel bill t he c\ld n af=d4 ,at t "t ,pr(essor ,joseph ,h5ry1 :o knew m ( ! !ory ( electrical sci5ce ?an any o!r ,am]ican1 0 ! ,gr& ,old ,man ( ,wa%+ton2 & poor ,bell1 9 8 d\bt & desp]ation1 resolv$ to run to him = advice4 ,!n came a meet+ :i* des]ves to be hi/oric4 ,= an entire aft]noon ! two m5 work$ toge!r ov] ! app>atus t ,bell _h br\ght f ,bo/on1 j z ,h5ry _h work$ ov] ! telegraph be=e ,bell 0 born4 ,h5ry 0 n[ a vet]an ( sev5ty-eight1 ) only ?ree ye>s rema9+ to 8 cr$it 9 ! bank ( ,"t1 :ile ,bell 0 tw5ty-eight4 ,!re 0 a long half-c5tury betwe5 !m2 b ! y\? _h discov]$ a ,new ,fact t ! sage1 9 all 8 wisdom1 _h nev] kn[n4 ,y are 9 possession ( ! g]m ( a great inv5tion1 said ,h5ry1 & ,i w\ld advise y to "w at x until y h made x complete4 ,b1 repli$ ,bell1 ,i h n got ! electrical k t is necess>y4 ,get x1 respond$ ! ag$ sci5ti/4 ,i _c tell y h[ mu* ^! two words h enc\rag$ me1 said ,bell aft]w>ds1 9 describ+ ?is int]view to 8 p>5ts4 ,i live too mu* 9 an atmosph]e ( disc\ragem5t = sci5tific pursuits2 & su* a *im]ical idea z telegraph+ ,,vocal ,,s\nds w\ld inde$ seem to mo/ m9ds sc>cely feasible en\gh to sp5d "t 9 work+ ov]4 ,by ?is "t ,bell _h mov$ 8 work%op f ! cell> 9 ,salem to #aji ,c\rt ,/reet1 ,bo/on1 :]e he _h r5t$ a room f ,*>les ,williams1 a manufactur] ( electrical supplies4 ,?omas ,a4 ,watson 0 8 assi/ant1 & bo? ,bell & ,watson liv$ ne>by1 9 two *eap little b$rooms4 ,! r5t ( ! work%op & b$rooms1 & ,watson's wages ( n9e doll>s a week1 7 be+ paid by ,s&]s & ,hubb>d4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 ,bell return$ f ,wa%+ton1 he 0 compell$ by 8 agreem5t to devote himself ma9ly to ! musical telegraph1 al?\gh 8 he>t 0 n[ ) ! telephone4 ,= exactly ?ree mon?s aft] 8 int]view ) ,pr(essor ,h5ry1 he cont9u$ to plod ahead1 along bo? l9es1 until1 on t memorable hot aft]noon 9 ,june1 #ahge1 ! full ,,twang ( ! clock-spr+ came ov] ! wire1 & ! telephone 0 born4 ,f ?is mom5t1 ,bell 0 a man ( "o purpose4 ,he won ov] ,s&]s & ,hubb>d4 ,he conv]t$ ,watson into an en?usia/4 ,he =got 8 musical telegraph1 8 ,visible ,spee*1 8 classes1 8 pov]ty4 ,he ?rew aside a pr(ession 9 :i* he 0 already locally fam\s4 ,& he grappl$ ) ?is new my/]y ( electricity1 z ,h5ry _h advis$ him to d1 enc\rag+ himself ) ! fact t ,morse1 :o 0 only a pa9t]1 _h ma/]$ 8 electrical difficulties1 & !re 0 no reason :y a pr(essor ( ac\/ics %\ld n d z mu*4 ,! telephone 0 n[ 9 exi/5ce1 b x 0 ! y\nge/ & feeble/ ?+ 9 ! nation4 ,x _h n yet spok5 a ^w4 ,x _h to be taught1 develop$1 & made fit = ! s]vice ( ! irritable bus9ess _w4 ,all mann] ( discs _h to be tri$1 "s small] & ?9n] ?an a dime & o!rs ( /eel boil]-plate z heavy z ! %ield ( ,a*illes4 ,9 all ! books ( electrical sci5ce1 !re 0 no?+ to help ,bell & ,watson 9 ?is j\rney !y 7 mak+ ?r\gh an unkn[n c\ntry4 ,!y 7 z *>tless z ,columbus 0 9 #adib4 ,nei!r !y nor any "o else _h acquir$ any exp]i5ce 9 ! re>+ ( a "y telephone4 ,no "o knew :at to d next4 ,!re 0 no?+ to "k4 ,= =ty weeks--long exasp]at+ weeks--! telephone c\ld d no m ?an gasp & make /range in>ticulate noises4 ,its educators _h n le>n$ h[ to manage x4 ,!n1 on ,m>* #aj1 #ahgf1 ,,x ,,talk$4 ,x said di/9ctly-- ,,mr4 ,,watson1 ,,come ,,"h1 ,i ,,want ,,y4 ,watson1 :o 0 at ! l[] end ( ! wire1 9 ! basem5t1 dropp$ ! receiv] & ru%$ ) wild joy up ?ree flights ( /airs to tell ! glad tid+s to ,bell4 ,i c he> y6 he %\t$ brea?lessly4 ,i c he> ! ,,words4 ,x 0 n easy1 ( c\rse1 = ! weak "y telephone to make itself he>d 9 t noisy work%op4 ,no "o1 n ev5 ,bell & ,watson1 0 famili> ) its odd little voice4 ,usually ,watson1 :o _h a rem>kably ke5 s5se ( he>+1 did ! li/5+2 & ,bell1 :o 0 a pr(essional elocutioni/1 did ! talk+4 ,& day by day ! tone ( ! baby in/rum5t grew cle>]--a new note 9 ! or*e/ra ( civilization4 ,on 8 tw5ty-n9? bir?day1 ,bell receiv$ 8 pat5t1 ,no4 #agd1dfe--! mo/ valuable s+le pat5t ev] issu$ 9 any c\ntry4 ,he _h creat$ some?+ s entirely new t !re 0 no "n = x 9 any ( ! _w's languages4 ,9 describ+ x to ! (ficials ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 he 0 oblig$ to call x an improvem5t 9 telegraphy1 :51 9 tru?1 x 0 no?+ ( ! k9d4 ,x 0 z diff]5t f ! telegraph z ! eloqu5ce ( a great orator is f ! sign-language ( a deaf-mute4 ,o!r inv5tors _h work$ f ! /&po9t ( ! telegraph2 & !y nev] did1 & nev] c\ld1 get any bett] results ?an signs & symbols4 ,b ,bell work$ f ! /&po9t ( ! human voice4 ,he cross-f]tiliz$ ! two sci5ces ( ac\/ics & electricity4 ,8 /udy ( ,visible ,spee* _h tra9$ 8 m9d s t he c\ld m5tally ,,see ! %ape ( a ^w z he spoke x4 ,he knew :at a spok5 ^w 01 & h[ x act$ ^u ! air1 or ! e!r1 t c>ri$ its vibrations f ! lips to ! e>4 ,he 0 a ?ird-g5]ation speciali/ 9 ! nature ( spee*1 & he knew t = ! transmission ( spok5 words !re mu/ be a pulsatory action ( ! electric curr5t :i* is ! exact equival5t ( ! a]ial impulses4 ,bell knew j en\gh ab\t electricity1 & n too mu*4 ,he did n "k ! possible f ! impossible4 ,_h ,i kn[n m ab\t electricity1 & less ab\t s\nd1 he said1 ,i w\ld nev] h inv5t$ ! telephone4 ,:at he _h done 0 s amaz+1 s foolh>dy1 t no tra9$ electrician c\ld h ?\ght ( x4 ,x 0 ! v h>dihood ( inv5tion1 & yet x 0 n 9 any s5se a *ance discov]y4 ,x 0 ! natural output ( a m9d t _h be5 l$ to assemble j ! "r mat]ials = su* a product4 ,z ?\gh ! v />s 9 _! c\rses 7 work+ = ?is "y wiz>d ) ! talk+ wire1 ! ,c5t5nial ,exposition 9 ,philadelphia op5$ its doors exactly two mon?s aft] ! telephone _h le>n$ to talk4 ,"h 0 a sup]b opportunity to let ! wide _w "k :at _h be5 done1 & =tunately ,hubb>d 0 "o ( ! ,c5t5nial ,commission]s4 ,by 8 influ5ce a small table 0 plac$ 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,education1 9 a n>r[ space betwe5 a /airway & a wall1 & on ?is table 0 deposit$ ! fir/ ( ! telephones4 ,bell _h no int5tion ( go+ to ! ,c5t5nial himself4 ,he 0 too poor4 ,s&]s & ,hubb>d _h nev] done m ?an pay 8 room-r5t & ! exp5se ( 8 exp]im5ts4 ,= 8 ?ree or f\r ye>s ( inv5t+ he _h receiv$ no?+ z yet--no?+ b 8 pat5t4 ,9 ord] to live1 he _h be5 compell$ to reorganize 8 classes 9 ,visible ,spee*1 & to pick up ! ravell$ ends ( 8 neglect$ pr(ession4 ,b "o ,friday aft]noon1 t[>d ! end ( ,june1 8 swee!>t1 ,mabel ,hubb>d1 0 tak+ ! tra9 = ! ,c5t5nial2 & he w5t to ! depot to say good-bye4 ,"h ,miss ,hubb>d le>n$ = ! fir/ "t t ,bell 0 n to g4 ,%e coax$ & plead$1 )\t effect4 ,!n1 z ! tra9 0 />t+1 leav+ ,bell on ! plat=m1 ! affectionate "y girl c\ld no long] control h] feel+s & 0 ov]come by a passion ( te>s4 ,at ?is ! susceptible ,bell1 l a true ,sir ,galahad1 da%$ aft] ! mov+ tra9 & sprang abo>d1 )\t ticket or baggage1 oblivi\s ( 8 classes & 8 pov]ty & ( all else except ?is "o maid5's di/ress4 ,i nev] saw a man1 said ,watson1 s mu* 9 love z ,bell 04 ,z x happ5$1 ?is impromptu trip to ! ,c5t5nial prov$ to be "o ( ! mo/ timely acts ( 8 life4 ,on ! foll[+ ,sunday aft]-noon ! judges 7 to make a special t\r ( inspection1 & ,mr4 ,hubb>d1 aft] mu* tr\ble1 _h obta9$ a promise t !y w\ld sp5d a few m9utes exam9+ ,bell's telephone4 ,by ?is "t x _h be5 on exhibition = m ?an six weeks1 )\t attract+ ! s]i\s att5tion ( anybody4 ,:5 ,sunday aft]noon arriv$1 ,bell 0 at 8 little table1 n]v\s1 yet confid5t4 ,b h\r aft] h\r w5t by1 & ! judges did n arrive4 ,! day 0 int5sely hot1 & !y _h _m wond]s to exam9e4 ,!re 0 ! fir/ electric light1 & ! fir/ gra9-b9d]1 & ! musical telegraph ( ,eli%a ,gray1 & ! m>vell\s exhibit ( pr9t+ telegraphs %[n by ! ,we/]n ,union ,company4 ,by ! "t !y came to ,bell's table1 ?r\gh a litt] ( s*ool-desks & blackbo>ds1 ! h\r 0 sev5 o'clock1 & e man 9 ! p>ty 0 hot1 tir$1 & hungry4 ,sev]al ann\nc$ _! int5tion ( return+ to _! hotels4 ,"o took up a telephone receiv]1 look$ at x blankly1 & put x d[n aga94 ,he did n ev5 place x to 8 e>4 ,ano!r judge made a slight+ rem>k :i* rais$ a laugh at ,bell's exp5se4 ,!n a mo/ m>vell\s ?+ happ5$--su* an incid5t z w\ld make a *apt] 9 ,! ,arabian ,nights ,ent]ta9m5ts4 ,accompani$ by 8 wife1 ! ,empress ,!resa1 & by a bevy ( c\rti]s1 ! ,emp]or ( ,brazil1 ,dom ,p$ro de ,alcant>a1 walk$ into ! room1 advanc$ ) bo? h&s out/ret*$ to ! bewild]$ ,bell1 & exclaim$3 ,pr(essor ,bell1 ,i am delight$ to see y aga94 ,! judges at once =got ! heat & ! fatigue & ! hung]4 ,:o 0 ?is "y inv5tor1 ) ! pale complexion & black eyes1 t he %\ld be ! fri5d ( ,emp]ors8 ,!y did n "k1 & = ! mom5t ev5 ,bell himself _h =gott51 t ,dom ,p$ro _h once visit$ ,bell's class ( deaf-mutes at ,bo/on ,univ]sity4 ,he 0 especially int]e/$ 9 su* humanit>ian "w1 & _h rec5tly help$ to organize ! fir/ ,brazilian s*ool = deaf-mutes at ,rio de ,janeiro4 ,& s1 ) ! tall1 blond-be>d$ ,dom ,p$ro 9 ! c5tre1 ! assembl$ judges1 & sci5ti/s--!re 7 fully fifty 9 all--ent]$ ) unusual ze/ into ! proce$+s ( ?is fir/ telephone exhibition4 ,a wire _h be5 /rung f "o end ( ! room to ! o!r1 & :ile ,bell w5t to ! transmitt]1 ,dom ,p$ro took up ! receiv] & plac$ x to 8 e>4 ,x 0 a mom5t ( t5se expectancy4 ,no "o knew cle>ly :at 0 ab\t to happ51 :5 ! ,emp]or1 ) a dramatic ge/ure1 rais$ 8 head f ! receiv] & exclaim$ ) a look ( utt] amazem5t3 ,,my ,,god--,,x ,,talks6 ,next came to ! receiv] ! olde/ sci5ti/ 9 ! gr\p1 ! v5]able ,joseph ,h5ry1 ^: enc\ragem5t to ,bell _h be5 s timely4 ,he /opp$ to li/51 &1 z "o ( ! by/&]s aft]w>ds said1 no "o c\ld =get ! look ( awe t came into 8 face z he he>d t iron disc talk+ ) a human voice4 ,?is1 said he1 comes ne>] to ov]?r[+ ! doctr9e ( ! cons]vation ( en]gy ?an any?+ ,i ev] saw4 ,!n came ,sir ,william ,?omson1 latt]ly kn[n z ,"l ,kelv94 ,x 0 fitt+ t he %\ld be !re1 = he 0 ! =emo/ electrical sci5ti/ at t "t 9 ! _w1 & _h be5 ! eng9e] ( ! fir/ ,atlantic ,cable4 ,he li/5$ & le>n$ :at ev5 he _h n kn[n be=e1 t a solid metallic body c\ld take up f ! air all ! c\ntless v>ieties ( vibrations produc$ by spee*1 & t ^! vibrations c\ld be c>ri$ along a wire & reproduc$ exactly by a second metallic body4 ,he nodd$ 8 head solemnly z he rose f ! receiv]4 ,x ,,does speak1 he said emphatically4 ,x is ! mo/ wond]ful ?+ ,i h se5 9 ,am]ica4 ,s1 "o aft] ano!r1 ?is notable company ( m5 li/5$ to ! voice ( ! fir/ telephone1 & ! m !y knew ( sci5ce1 ! less !y 7 incl9$ to believe _! e>s4 ,! wis] !y 71 ! m !y wond]$4 ,to ,h5ry & ,?omson1 ! ma/]s ( electrical magic1 ?is in/rum5t 0 z surpris+ z x 0 to ! man 9 ! /reet4 ,& bo? 7 noble en\gh to admit frankly _! a/oni%m5t 9 ! reports :i* !y made z judges1 :5 !y gave ,bell a ,c]tificate ( ,aw>d4 ,mr4 ,bell has a*iev$ a result ( transc5d5t sci5tific int]e/1 wrote ,sir ,william ,?omson4 ,i he>d x speak di/9ctly sev]al s5t5ces4444 ,i 0 a/oni%$ & delight$4444 ,x is ! greate/ m>vel hi!rto a*iev$ by ! electric telegraph4 ,until ne>ly t5 o'clock t night ! judges talk$ & li/5$ by turns at ! telephone4 ,!n1 next morn+1 !y br\ght ! app>atus to ! judges' pavilion1 :]e = ! rema9d] ( ! summ] x 0 mobb$ by judges & sci5ti/s4 ,sir ,william ,?omson & 8 wife ran back & =? betwe5 ! two ends ( ! wire l a pair ( delight$ *ildr54 ,& ?us x happ5$ t ! crude little in/rum5t t _h be5 toss$ into an out-(-!-way corn] became ! /> ( ! ,c5t5nial4 ,x _h be5 giv5 no m ?an eighte5 words 9 ! (ficial catalogue1 & "h x 0 acclaim$ z ! wond] ( wond]s4 ,x _h be5 conceiv$ 9 a cell> & born 9 a ma*9e-%op2 & n[1 ( all ! gifts t our "y ,am]ican ,republic _h receiv$ on its "o-hundr$? bir?day1 ! telephone 0 honor$ z ! r>e/ & mo/ welcome ( !m all4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,! ,,build+ ,,( ,,! ,,bus9ess ,aft] ! telephone _h be5 born 9 ,bo/on1 baptiz$ 9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 & giv5 a royal reception at ! ,philadelphia ,c5t5nial1 x might be suppos$ t its life !nce=? w\ld be "o ( peace & pleasantness4 ,b z ?is is hi/ory1 & n fancy1 !re mu/ be set d[n ! v surpris+ fact t ! "y newcom] receiv$ no welcome & no notice f ! great bus9ess _w4 ,x is a sci5tific toy1 said ! m5 ( trade & comm]ce4 ,x is an int]e/+ in/rum5t1 ( c\rse1 = pr(essors ( electricity & ac\/ics2 b x c nev] be a practical necessity4 ,z well might y propose to put a telescope into a /eel-mill or to hit* a balloon to a %oe-factory4 ,poor ,bell1 in/ead ( be+ applaud$1 0 pelt$ ) a hail/orm ( ridicule4 ,he 0 an impo/or1 a v5triloqui/1 a crank :o says he c talk ?r\gh a wire4 ,! ,london ,times allud$ pomp\sly to ! telephone z ! late/ ,am]ican humbug1 & gave _m pr(\nd reasons :y spee* c\ld n be s5t ov] a wire1 because ( ! int]mitt5t nature ( ! electric curr5t4 ,almo/ all electricians--! m5 :o 7 suppos$ to "k--pron\nc$ ! telephone an impossible ?+2 & ^? :o did n op5ly decl>e x to be a hoax1 believ$ t ,bell _h /umbl$ ^u "s freaki% use ( electricity1 :i* c\ld nev] be ( any practical value4 ,ev5 ?\gh he came late 9 ! succession ( inv5tors1 ,bell _h to run ! gantlet ( sc(f+ & adv]sity4 ,by ! reception t ! public gave to 8 telephone1 he le>n$ to sympa?ize ) ,h[e1 ^: fir/ sew+-ma*9e 0 sma%$ by a ,bo/on mob2 ) ,mc,cormick1 ^: fir/ reap] 0 call$ a cross betwe5 an ,a/ley *>iot1 a :eelb>r[1 & a fly+-ma*9e2 ) ,morse1 :om t5 ,congresses reg>d$ z a nuisance2 ) ,cyrus ,field1 ^: ,atlantic ,cable 0 d5\nc$ z a mad freak ( /ubborn ignorance2 & ) ,we/+h\se1 :o 0 call$ a fool = propos+ to /op a railroad tra9 ) w9d4 ,! v idea ( talk+ at a piece ( %eet-iron 0 s new & extraord9>y t ! normal m9d repuls$ x4 ,alike to ! labor] & ! sci5ti/1 x 0 incompreh5sible4 ,x 0 too freaki%1 too biz>re1 to be us$ outside ( ! laboratory & ! museum4 ,no "o1 lit]ally1 c\ld und]/& h[ x work$2 & ! only man :o (f]$ a cle> solution ( ! my/]y 0 a ,bo/on me*anic1 :o ma9ta9$ t !re 0 a hole ?r\gh ! middle ( ! wire4 ,p :o talk$ = ! fir/ "t into a telephone box _h a sort ( /age fright4 ,!y felt fooli%4 ,to d s seem$ an absurd p]=mance1 especially :5 !y _h to %\t at ! top ( _! voices4 ,pla9ly1 :atev] ( conv5i5ce !re might be 9 ?is new contrivance 0 f> outweigh$ by ! loss ( p]sonal dignity2 & v few m5 _h suffici5t imag9ation to picture ! telephone z a "p ( ! ma*9]y ( _! daily "w4 ,! bank] said x might d well en\gh = groc]s1 b t x w\ld nev] be ( any value to bank+2 & ! groc] said x might d well en\gh = bank]s1 b t x w\ld nev] be ( any value to groc]s4 ,z ,bell _h work$ out 8 inv5tion 9 ,salem1 "o editor display$ ! headl9e1 ,salem ,wit*craft4 ,! ,new ,york ,h]ald said3 ,! effect is weird & almo/ sup]natural4 ,! ,provid5ce ,press said3 ,x is h>d to resi/ ! notion t ! p[]s ( d>kness are someh[ 9 league ) x4 ,& ,! ,bo/on ,times said1 9 an editorial ( bant]+ ridicule3 ,a fell[ c n[ c\rt 8 girl 9 ,*9a z well z 9 ,ea/ ,bo/on2 b ! mo/ s]i\s aspect ( ?is inv5tion is ! awful & irresponsible p[] x w give to ! av]age "m-9-law1 :o w be able to s5d h] voice ar\nd ! habitable globe4 ,!re 7 hundr$s ( %rewd capitali/s 9 ,am]ican cities 9 #ahgf1 look+ ) %>p eyes 9 all directions = bus9ess *ances2 b n "o ( !m came to ,bell ) an (f] to buy 8 pat5t4 ,n "o came runn+ = a ,/ate contract4 ,& nei!r did any legislature1 or city c\ncil1 come =w>d to ! task ( giv+ ! p a *eap & effici5t telephone s]vice4 ,z = ,bell himself1 he 0 n a man ( affairs4 ,9 all practical bus9ess matt]s1 he 0 z incompet5t z a ,byron or a ,%elley4 ,he _h done 8 "p1 & x n[ rema9$ = m5 ( diff]5t abilities to take up 8 telephone & adapt x to ! uses & conditions ( ! bus9ess _w4 ,! fir/ man to und]take ?is "w 0 ,g>d9] ,g4 ,hubb>d1 :o became soon aft]w>ds ! fa!r-9-law ( ,bell4 ,he1 too1 0 a man ( en?usiasm r ?an ( effici5cy4 ,he 0 n a man ( weal? or bus9ess exp]i5ce1 b he 0 admirably suit$ to introduce ! telephone to a ho/ile public4 ,8 fa!r _h be5 a judge ( ! ,massa*usetts ,supreme ,c\rt2 & he himself 0 a lawy] ^: practice _h be5 ma9ly 9 matt]s ( legislation4 ,he 01 9 #ahgf1 a man ( v5]able appe>ance1 ) :ite hair1 worn long1 & a patri>*al be>d4 ,he 0 a famili> figure 9 ,wa%+ton1 & well kn[n among ! public m5 ( 8 day4 ,a v]satile & ent]ta9+ companion1 by turns prosp]\s & impecuni\s1 & an optimi/ always1 ,g>d9] ,hubb>d became a really indisp5sable factor z ! fir/ advance ag5t ( ! telephone bus9ess4 ,no o!r citiz5 _h done m = ! city ( ,cambridge ?an ,hubb>d4 ,x 0 he :o secur$ gas = ,cambridge 9 #ahec1 & pure wat]1 & a /reet-railway to ,bo/on4 ,he _h gone ?r\gh ! ,s\? 9 #ahfj 9 ! patriotic hope t he might av]t ! imp5d+ ,civil ,w>4 ,he _h induc$ ! legislature to e/abli% ! fir/ public s*ool = deaf-mutes1 ! s*ool t drew ,bell to ,bo/on 9 #ahga4 ,& he _h be5 = ye>s a mo/ re/less agitator = improvem5ts 9 telegraphy & ! po/ (fice4 ,s1 z a promot] ( s*emes = ! public good1 ,hubb>d 0 by no means a novice4 ,8 fir/ /ep t[>d captur+ ! att5tion ( an indiff]5t nation 0 to beat ! big drum ( publicity4 ,he saw t ?is new idea ( telephon+ mu/ be made famili> to ! public m9d4 ,he talk$ telephone by day & by night4 ,:5ev] he travell$1 he c>ri$ a pair ( ! magical in/rum5ts 9 8 valise1 & gave demon/rations on tra9s & 9 hotels4 ,he buttonhol$ e influ5tial man :o cross$ 8 pa?4 ,he 0 a v]itable ,anci5t ,m>9] ( ! telephone4 ,no possible li/5] 0 all[$ to escape4 ,fur!r to promote ?is campaign ( publicity1 ,hubb>d enc\rag$ ,bell & ,watson to p]=m a s]ies ( s5sational feats ) ! telephone4 ,a telegraph wire betwe5 ,new ,york & ,bo/on 0 borr[$ = half an h\r1 & 9 ! pres5ce ( ,sir ,william ,?omson1 ,bell s5t a tune ov] ! two-hundr$-&-fifty-mile l9e4 ,c y he>8 he ask$ ! op]ator at ! ,new ,york end4 ,elegantly1 respond$ ! op]ator4 ,:at tune8 ask$ ,bell4 ,yankee ,doodle1 came ! answ]4 ,%ortly aft]w>ds1 :ile ,bell 0 visit+ at 8 fa!r's h\se 9 ,canada1 he b\ght up all ! /ove-pipe wire 9 ! t[n1 & tack$ x to a rail f5ce betwe5 ! h\se & a telegraph (fice4 ,!n he w5t to a village eight miles di/ant & s5t scraps ( songs & ,%akespe>ean quotations ov] ! wire4 ,!re 0 /ill a l>ge p]c5tage ( p :o d5i$ t spok5 words c\ld be transmitt$ by a wire4 ,:5 ,watson talk$ to ,bell at public demon/rations1 !re 7 newspap] editors :o ref]r$ sceptically to ! supposititi\s ,watson4 ,s1 to sil5ce ^! d\bt]s1 ,bell & ,watson plann$ a mo/ sev]e te/ ( ! telephone4 ,!y borr[$ ! telegraph l9e betwe5 ,bo/on & ! ,cambridge ,obs]vatory1 & atta*$ a telephone to ea* end4 ,!n !y ma9ta9$1 = ?ree h\rs or long]1 ! ,,fir/ ,,su/a9$ conv]sation by telephone1 ea* "o tak+ c>eful notes ( :at he said & ( :at he he>d4 ,^! notes 7 publi%$ 9 p>allel columns 9 ,! ,bo/on ,adv]tis]1 ,octob] #ai1 #ahgf1 & prov$ beyond "q t ! telephone 0 n[ a practical success4 ,aft] ?is1 "o ev5t cr[d$ quickly on ! heels ( ano!r4 ,a s]ies ( t5 lectures 0 arrang$ = ,bell1 at a hundr$ doll>s a lecture1 :i* 0 ! fir/ money paym5t he _h receiv$ = 8 inv5tion4 ,8 op5+ night 0 9 ,salem1 be=e an audi5ce ( five hundr$ p1 & ) ,mrs4 ,s&-ers1 ! mo!rly old lady :o _h %elt]$ ,bell 9 ! days ( 8 exp]im5t1 sitt+ pr\dly 9 "o ( ! front seats4 ,a pole 0 set up at ! front ( ! hall1 support+ ! end ( a telegraph wire t ran f ,salem to ,bo/on4 ,& ,watson1 :o became ! fir/ public talk] by telephone1 s5t messages f ,bo/on to v>i\s memb]s ( ! audi5ce4 ,an acc\nt ( ?is lecture 0 s5t by telephone to ,! ,bo/on ,globe1 :i* ann\nc$ ! next morn+-- ,?is special despat* ( ! ,globe has be5 transmitt$ by telephone 9 ! pres5ce ( tw5ty p1 :o h ?us be5 witnesses to a feat nev] be=e attempt$--! s5d+ ( news ov] ! space ( sixte5 miles by ! human voice4 ,?is ,globe despat* awoke ! newspap] editors ) an unexpect$ jolt4 ,= ! fir/ "t !y began to notice t !re 0 a new ^w 9 ! language1 & a new idea 9 ! sci5tific _w4 ,no newspap] _h made any m5tion :atev] ( ! telephone = sev5ty-five days aft] ,bell receiv$ 8 pat5t4 ,n "o ( ! sw>m ( report]s :o ?rong$ ! ,philadelphia ,c5t5nial _h reg>d$ ! telephone z a matt] ( any public int]e/4 ,b :5 a column ( news 0 s5t by telephone to ,! ,bo/on ,globe1 ! :ole newspap] _w 0 agog ) excitem5t4 ,a ?\s& p5s wrote ! "n ( ,bell4 ,reque/s to repeat 8 lecture came to ,bell f ,cyrus ,w4 ,field1 ! vet]an ( ! ,atlantic ,cable1 f ! poet ,longfell[1 & f _m o!rs4 ,z he 0 by pr(ession an elocutioni/1 ,bell 0 able to make ! mo/ ( ^! opportunities4 ,8 lectures became popul> ent]ta9m5ts4 ,!y 7 giv5 9 ! l>ge/ halls4 ,at "o lecture two ,japanese g5tlem5 7 induc$ to talk to "o ano!r 9 _! own language1 via ! telephone4 ,at a second lecture a b& play$ ,! ,/>-,spangl$ ,bann]1 9 ,bo/on1 & 0 he>d by an audi5ce ( two ?\s& p 9 ,provid5ce4 ,at a ?ird1 ,signor ,f]ranti1 :o 0 9 ,provid5ce1 sang a selection f ,! ,m>riage ( ,fig>o to an audi5ce 9 ,bo/on4 ,at a f\r?1 an exhortation f ,moody & a song f ,sankey came ov] ! vibrat+ wire4 ,& at a fif?1 9 ,new ,hav51 ,bell /ood sixte5 ,yale pr(essors 9 l9e1 h& 9 h&1 & talk$ ?r\gh _! bodies--a feat :i* 0 !n1 & is to-day1 almo/ too wond]ful to believe4 ,v sl[ly ^! lectures1 & ! tireless activity ( ,hubb>d1 pu%$ back ! ridicule & ! incr$ulity2 & 9 ! m]ry mon? ( ,may1 #ahgg1 a man nam$ ,em]y drift$ into ,hubb>d's (fice f ! ne>-by city ( ,*>le/[n1 & leas$ two telephones = tw5ty actual doll>s--! fir/ money ev] paid = a telephone4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ feeble sign t su* a novelty z ! telephone bus9ess c\ld be e/abli%$2 & no money ev] look$ h&som] ?an ?is tw5ty doll>s did to ,bell1 ,s&]s1 ,hubb>d1 & ,watson4 ,x 0 ! t9y fir/-fruit ( =tune4 ,greatly enc\rag$1 !y prep>$ a little circul> :i* 0 ! fir/ adv]tisem5t ( ! telephone bus9ess4 ,x is an oddly simple little docum5t to-day1 b to ! #ahgg bra9 x 0 />tl+4 ,x mode/ly claim$ t a telephone 0 sup]ior to a telegraph = ?ree reasons3 7#a7 ,no skill$ op]ator is requir$1 b direct communication may be _h by spee* )\t ! int]v5tion ( a ?ird p]son4 7#b7 ,! communication is mu* m rapid1 ! av]age numb] ( words transmitt$ 9 a m9ute by ! ,morse s\nd] be+ f fifte5 to tw5ty1 by telephone f "o to two hundr$4 7#c7 ,no exp5se is requir$1 ei!r = its op]ation or repair4 ,x ne$s no batt]y & has no complicat$ ma*9]y4 ,x is unsurpass$ = economy & simplicity4 ,! only telephone l9e 9 ! _w at ?is "t 0 betwe5 ! ,williams' work%op 9 ,bo/on & ! home ( ,mr4 ,williams 9 ,som]ville4 ,b 9 ,may1 #ahgg1 a "y man nam$ ,e4 ,t4 ,holmes1 :o 0 runn+ a burgl>-al>m bus9ess 9 ,bo/on1 propos$ t a few telephones be l9k$ to 8 wires4 ,he 0 a fri5d & cu/om] ( ,williams1 & sugge/$ ?is plan half 9 je/ & half 9 e>ne/4 ,hubb>d 0 quick to seize ?is opportunity1 & at once l5t ,holmes a doz5 telephones4 ,)\t ask+ p]mission1 ,holmes w5t into six banks & nail$ up a telephone 9 ea*4 ,five bank]s made no prote/1 b ! six? indignantly ord]$ t playtoy to be tak5 out4 ,! o!r five telephones c\ld be connect$ by a swit* 9 ,holmes's (fice1 & ?us 0 born ! fir/ t9y & crude ,telephone ,ex*ange4 ,"h x ran = sev]al weeks z a telephone sy/em by day & a burgl>-al>m by night4 ,no money 0 paid by ! bank]s4 ,! s]vice 0 giv5 to !m z an exhibition & an adv]tisem5t4 ,! little %elf ) its five telephones 0 no m l ! m>vell\s ex*anges ( to-day ?an a canoe is l a ,cun>d]1 b x 0 unque/ionably ! fir/ place :]e sev]al telephone wires came toge!r & c\ld be unit$4 ,soon aft]w>ds1 ,holmes took 8 telephones out ( ! banks1 & />t$ a real telephone bus9ess among ! express companies ( ,bo/on4 ,b by ?is "t sev]al ex*anges _h be5 op5$ = ord9>y bus9ess1 9 ,new ,hav51 ,bridgeport1 ,new ,york1 & ,philadelphia4 ,also1 a man f ,mi*igan _h arriv$1 ) ! h>dihood to ask = a ,/ate ag5cy--,george ,w4 ,bal*1 ( ,detroit4 ,he 0 s welcome t ,hubb>d joyfully gave him ev]y?+ he ask$--a p]petual "r to ! :ole ,/ate ( ,mi*igan4 ,bal* 0 n requir$ to pay a c5t 9 advance1 except 8 railway f>e1 & be=e he 0 _m ye>s old] he _h sold 8 lease = a h&some =tune ( a qu>t] ( a million doll>s1 hone/ly e>n$ by 8 initiative & ent]prise4 ,by ,augu/1 :5 ,bell's pat5t 0 sixte5 mon?s old1 !re 7 #ggh telephones 9 use4 ,?is look$ l success to ! optimi/ic ,hubb>d4 ,he decid$ t ! "t _h come to organize ! bus9ess1 s he creat$ a simple agreem5t :i* he call$ ! ,bell ,telephone ,association4 ,?is agreem5t gave ,bell1 ,hubb>d & ,s&]s a ?ree-t5?s int]e/ apiece 9 ! pat5ts1 & ,watson "o-t5?4 ,,!re ,,0 ,,no ,,capital4 ,!re 0 none to be _h4 ,! f\r m5 _h at ?is "t an absolute monopoly ( ! telephone bus9ess2 & ev]ybody else 0 q will+ t !y %\ld h x4 ,! only man :o _h money & d>$ to /ake x on ! future ( ! telephone 0 ,?omas ,s&]s1 & he did ?is n ma9ly = bus9ess reasons4 ,bo? he & ,hubb>d 7 atta*$ to ,bell prim>ily by s5tim5t1 z ,bell _h remov$ ! blight ( dumbness f ,s&]s's little son1 & 0 soon to m>ry ,hubb>d's daught]4 ,also1 ,s&]s _h no expectation1 at fir/1 t s mu* money w\ld be ne$$4 ,he 0 n ri*4 ,8 entire bus9ess1 :i* 0 t ( cutt+ out soles = %oe manufactur]s1 0 n at any "t wor? m ?an ?irty-five ?\s& doll>s4 ,yet1 f #ahgd to #ahgh1 he _h advanc$ n9e-t5?s ( ! money t 0 sp5t on ! telephone4 ,he _h paid ,bell's room-r5t1 & ,watson's wages1 & ,williams's exp5ses1 & ! co/ ( ! exhibit at ! ,c5t5nial4 ,! fir/ five ?\s& telephones1 & m1 7 made ) 8 money4 ,& s _m long1 exp5sive mon?s dragg$ by be=e any relief came to ,s&]s1 t he 0 compell$1 mu* aga9/ 8 w & 8 bus9ess judgm5t1 to /ret* 8 cr$it )9 an in* ( ! break+-po9t to help ,bell & ! telephone4 ,desp]ately he sign$ note aft] note until he fac$ a total ( "o hundr$ & t5 ?\s& doll>s4 ,if ! new sci5tific toy succe$$1 :i* he (t5 d\bt$1 he w\ld be ! ri*e/ citiz5 9 ,hav]hill2 & if x fail$1 :i* he sorely fe>$1 he w\ld be a bankrupt4 ,a di%e>t5+ s]ies ( rebuffs sl[ly =c$ ! tru? 9 ^u ,s&]s's m9d t ! bus9ess _w refus$ to accept ! telephone z an article ( comm]ce4 ,x 0 a toy1 a play?+1 a sci5tific wond]1 b n a necessity to be b\ght & us$ = ord9>y purposes by ord9>y p4 ,capitali/s treat$ x exactly z !y treat$ ! ,atlantic ,cable project :5 ,cyrus ,field visit$ ,bo/on 9 #ahfb4 ,!y admir$ & m>vell$2 b n a man subscrib$ a doll>4 ,also1 ,s&]s v soon le>n$ t x 0 a mo/ unpropiti\s "t = ! sett+ afloat ( a new ent]prise4 ,x 0 a p]iod ( turmoil & suspicion4 ,:at ) ! ,jay ,cooke failure1 ! ,hayes-,tild5 deadlock1 & ! bur/+ ( a hundr$ railroad bubbles1 !re 0 v little 9 ! news ( ! day to enc\rage inve/ors4 ,x 0 impossible = ,s&]s1 or ,bell1 or ,hubb>d1 to prep>e any def9ite plan4 ,no matt] :at ! plan might h be51 !y _h no money to put x ?r\gh4 ,!y believ$ t !y _h some?+ new & m>vell\s1 :i* "s "o1 some:]e1 w\ld be will+ to buy4 ,until ?is good g5ie %\ld arrive1 !y c\ld d no m ?an fl\nd] ahead1 & take :atev] bus9ess 0 ! ne>e/ & ! *eape/4 ,s :ile ,bell1 9 eloqu5t rhapsodies1 pa9t$ ^w-pictures ( a univ]sal telephone s]vice to applaud+ audi5ces1 ,s&]s & ,hubb>d 7 leas+ telephones two by two1 to bus9ess m5 :o previ\sly _h be5 us+ ! private l9es ( ! ,we/]n ,union ,telegraph ,company4 ,?is great corporation 0 at ! "t _! natural & inevitable enemy4 ,x _h swall[$ mo/ ( its competitors1 & 0 rea*+ out to monopolize all me?ods ( communication by wire4 ,! rosie/ hope t %one 9 front ( ,s&]s & ,hubb>d 0 t ! ,we/]n ,union might conclude to buy ! ,bell pat5ts1 j z x _h already b\ght _m o!rs4 ,9 "o mom5t ( disc\ragem5t !y _h (f]$ ! telephone to ,presid5t ,orton1 ( ! ,we/]n ,union1 = #ajj1jjj2 & ,orton _h refus$ x4 ,:at use1 he ask$ pleasantly1 c\ld ?is company make ( an electrical toy8 ,b besides ! op]ation ( its own wires1 ! ,we/]n ,union 0 supply+ cu/om]s ) v>i\s k9ds ( pr9t+-telegraphs & dial telegraphs1 "s ( :i* c\ld transmit sixty words a m9ute4 ,^! accurate in/rum5ts1 x believ$1 c\ld nev] be displac$ by su* a sci5tific oddity z ! telephone4 ,& x cont9u$ to believe ?is until "o ( its subsidi>y companies--! ,gold & ,/ock--report$ t sev]al ( its ma*9es _h be5 sup]s$$ by telephones4 ,at once ! ,we/]n ,union awoke f its indiff]5ce4 ,ev5 ?is t9y nibbl+ at its bus9ess mu/ be /opp$4 ,x took action quickly & organiz$ ! ,am]ican ,speak+-,telephone ,company1 ) #cjj1jjj capital1 & ) ?ree electrical inv5tors1 ,edison1 ,gray1 & ,dolbe>1 on its /aff4 ,) all ! bulk ( its great weal? & pre/ige1 x swept d[n ^u ,bell & 8 little bodygu>d4 ,x trampl$ ^u ,bell's pat5t ) z little conc]n z an elephant c h :5 he tramples ^u an ant's ne/4 ,to ! complete bewild]m5t ( ,bell1 x coolly ann\nc$ t x _h ! only orig9al telephone1 & t x 0 ready to supply sup]ior telephones ) all ! late/ improvem5ts made by ! orig9al inv5tors--,dolbe>1 ,gray1 & ,edison4 ,! result 0 /range & unexpect$4 ,! ,bell gr\p1 in/ead ( be+ driv5 f ! field1 7 at once lift$ to a high] level 9 ! bus9ess _w4 ,! effect 0 z if ! ,/&>d ,oil ,company 7 to comm5ce ! manufacture ( a]oplanes4 ,9 a fla%1 ! telephone ceas$ to be a sci5tific toy1 & became an article ( comm]ce4 ,x began = ! fir/ "t to be tak5 s]i\sly4 ,& ! ,we/]n ,union1 9 ! endeavor to protect its private l9es1 became involunt>ily a bell-we!r to lead capitali/s 9 ! direction ( ! telephone4 ,s&]s's relatives1 :o 7 _m & ri*1 came to 8 rescue4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 well-kn[n bus9ess m5--! ,bradleys1 ! ,salton/alls1 ,fay1 ,silsbee1 & ,c>lton4 ,^! m51 toge!r ) ,colonel ,william ,h4 ,=bes1 :o came 9 z a fri5d ( ! ,bradleys1 7 ! fir/ capitali/s :o1 = purely bus9ess reasons1 inve/$ money 9 ! ,bell pat5ts4 ,two mon?s aft] ! ,we/]n ,union _h giv5 its weighty endorsem5t to ! telephone1 ^! m5 organiz$ a company to d bus9ess 9 ,new ,engl& only1 & put fifty ?\s& doll>s 9 its treasury4 ,9 a %ort "t ! delight$ ,hubb>d f\nd himself leas+ telephones at ! rate ( a ?\s& a mon?4 ,he 0 no long] a promot]1 b a g5]al manag]4 ,m5 7 /&+ 9 l9e to ask = ag5cies4 ,crude little telephone ex*anges 7 be+ />t$ 9 a doz5 or m cities4 ,!re 0 a _s ( confid5ce & ent]prise2 & ! next /ep1 cle>ly1 0 to create a bus9ess organization4 ,none ( ! p>tn]s 7 compet5t to und]take su* a "w4 ,hubb>d _h little aptitude z an organiz]2 ,bell _h none2 & ,s&]s 0 held fa/ by 8 lea!r int]e/s4 ,"h1 at la/1 aft] f\r ye>s ( ! mo/ h]oic ef=t1 7 ! raw mat]ials out ( :i* a telephone bus9ess c\ld be con/ruct$4 ,b :o 0 to be ! build]1 & :]e 0 he to be f\nd8 ,"o morn+ ! indefatigable ,hubb>d solv$ ! problem4 ,watson1 he said1 !re's a "y man 9 ,wa%+ton :o c h&le ?is situation1 & ,i want y to run d[n & see :at y ?9k ( him4 ,watson w5t1 report$ favorably1 & 9 a day or s ! "y man receiv$ a lett] f ,hubb>d1 (f]+ him ! position ( ,g5]al ,manag]1 at a sal>y ( ?irty-five hundr$ doll>s a ye>4 ,we rely1 ,hubb>d said1 ^u y\r executive ability1 y\r fidelity1 & unremitt+ zeal4 ,! "y man repli$1 9 "o ( ^? dignifi$ lett]s m usual 9 ! n9ete5? ?an 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,my fai? 9 ! success ( ! ent]prise is su* t ,i am will+ to tru/ to x1 he wrote1 & ,i h confid5ce t we %all e/abli% ! h>mony & coop]ation t is ess5tial to ! success ( an ent]prise ( ?is k9d4 ,"o week lat] ! "y man1 ,!odore ,n4 ,vail1 took 8 seat z ,g5]al ,manag] 9 a t9y (fice 9 ,reade ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 & ! build+ ( ! bus9ess began4 ,?is arrival ( ,vail at ! critical mom5t emphasiz$ ! fact t ,bell 0 "o ( ! mo/ =tunate ( inv5tors4 ,he 0 n robb$ ( 8 inv5tion1 z might easily h happ5$4 ,"o by "o !re arriv$ to help him a numb] ( able m51 ) all ! v>i\s abilities t ! *ang+ situation requir$4 ,!re 0 su* a focuss+ ( factors t ! :ole matt] appe>$ to h be5 previ\sly rehe>s$4 ,no soon] _h ,bell appe>$ on ! /age ?an 8 support+ play]s1 ea* 9 8 turn1 receiv$ 8 cue & took "p 9 ! action ( ! drama4 ,!re 0 n "o ( ^! m5 :o c\ld h done ! "w ( any o!r4 ,ea* 0 di/9ctive & indisp5sable4 ,bell inv5t$ ! telephone2 ,watson con/ruct$ x2 ,s&]s f9anc$ x2 ,hubb>d introduc$ x2 & ,vail put x on a bus9ess basis4 ,! new ,g5]al ,manag] _h1 ( c\rse1 no exp]i5ce 9 ! telephone bus9ess4 ,nei!r _h any "o else4 ,b he1 l ,bell1 came to 8 task ) a mo/ surpris+ fitness4 ,he 0 a memb] ( ! hi/oric ,vail family ( ,morri/[n1 ,new ,j]sey1 :i* _h op]at$ ! ,spe$well ,iron ,works = f\r or five g5]ations4 ,8 gr&-uncle ,/eph5 _h built ! eng9es = ! ,savannah1 ! fir/ ,am]ican /eam%ip to cross ! ,atlantic ,ocean2 & 8 c\s9 ,alfr$ 0 ! fri5d & co-work] ( ,morse1 ! inv5tor ( ! telegraph4 ,morse _h liv$ = sev]al ye>s at ! ,vail home/ead 9 ,morri/[n2 & x 0 "h t he erect$ 8 fir/ telegraph l9e1 a ?ree-mile circle ar\nd ! ,iron ,works1 9 #ahch4 ,he & ,alfr$ ,vail exp]im5t$ side by side 9 ! mak+ ( ! telegraph1 & ,vail ev5tually receiv$ a =tune = 8 %>e ( ! ,morse pat5t4 ,?us x happ5$ t "y ,!odore ,vail le>n$ ! dramatic /ory ( ,morse at 8 "m's knee4 ,z a boy1 he play$ ar\nd ! fir/ telegraph l9e1 & le>n$ to put messages on ! wire4 ,8 favorite toy 0 a little telegraph t he con/ruct$ = himself4 ,at tw5ty-two he w5t ,we/1 9 ! vague hope ( possess+ a bonanza f>m2 !n he swung back into telegraphy1 & 9 a few ye>s f\nd himself 9 ! ,gov]nm5t ,mail ,s]vice at ,wa%+ton4 ,by #ahgf1 he 0 at ! head ( ?is ,dep>tm5t1 :i* he completely reorganiz$4 ,he introduc$ ! bag sy/em 9 po/al c>s1 & made w> on wa/e & clums9ess4 ,by virtue ( ?is position he 0 ! "o man 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates :o _h a compreh5sive view ( all railways & telegraphs4 ,he 0 mu* m apt1 consequ5tly1 ?an o!r m5 to develop ! idea ( a national telephone sy/em4 ,:ile 9 ! mid/ ( ?is bureaucratic h\se-clean+ he met ,hubb>d1 :o _h j be5 appo9t$ by ,presid5t ,hayes z ! head ( a commission on mail transportation4 ,he & ,hubb>d 7 con/antly ?r[n toge!r1 on tra9s & 9 hotels2 & z ,hubb>d inv>iably _h a pair ( telephones 9 8 valise1 ! two m5 soon became co-en?usia/s4 ,vail f\nd himself pa9t+ bra9-pictures ( ! future ( ! telephone1 & by ! "t t he 0 ask$ to become its ,g5]al ,manag]1 he _h become s confid5t t1 z he said aft]w>ds1 he 0 will+ to leave a ,gov]nm5t job ) a small sal>y = a telephone job ) no sal>y4 ,s1 j z ,amos ,k5dall _h left ! po/ (fice s]vice ?irty ye>s be=e to e/abli% ! telegraph bus9ess1 ,!odore ,n4 ,vail left ! po/ (fice s]vice to e/abli% ! telephone bus9ess4 ,he _h be5 9 au?ority ov] ?irty-five hundr$ po/al employees1 & 0 ! develop] ( a sy/em t cov]$ e inhabit$ portion ( ! c\ntry4 ,consequ5tly1 he _h a quality ( exp]i5ce t 0 imm5sely valuable 9 /raight5+ out ! tangl$ affairs ( ! telephone4 ,l9e by l9e1 he mapp$ out a me?od1 a policy1 a sy/em4 ,he introduc$ a l>g] view ( ! telephone bus9ess1 & swept (f ! table all s*emes = sell+ out4 ,he p]suad$ half a doz5 ( 8 po/ (fice fri5ds to buy /ock1 s t 9 less ?an two mon?s ! fir/ ,bell ,telephone ,company 0 organiz$1 ) #dej1jjj capital & a s]vice ( twelve ?\s& telephones4 ,vail's fir/ /ep1 naturally1 0 to /iff5 up ! backbone ( ?is little company1 & to prev5t ! ,we/]n ,union f fright5+ x into a surr5d]4 ,he imm$iately s5t a copy ( ,bell's pat5t to e ag5t1 ) ord]s to hold ! =t aga9/ all opposition4 ,we h ! only orig9al telephone pat5ts1 he wrote2 we h organiz$ & introduc$ ! bus9ess1 & we d n propose to h x tak5 f u by any corporation4 ,to "o ag5t1 :o 0 %[+ ! :ite fea!r1 he wrote3 ,y h too great an idea ( ! ,we/]n ,union4 ,if x 0 all mass$ 9 y\r "o city y might well fe> x2 b x is repres5t$ !re by "o man only1 & he has probably z mu* z he c att5d to outside ( ! telephone4 ,= y to ackn[l$ge t y _c compete ) 8 influ5ce :5 y make x y\r special bus9ess1 is h>dly ! ?+4 ,!re may be a doz5 conc]ns t w all g to ! ,we/]n ,union1 b !y w n take ) !m all _! fri5ds4 ,i w\ld advise t y g ahead & keep y\r pres5t advantage4 ,we mu/ organize companies ) suffici5t vitality to c>ry on a fight1 z x is simply useless to get a company />t$ t w succumb to ! fir/ bit ( opposition x may enc\nt]4 ,next1 hav+ enc\rag$ 8 ?or\ghly al>m$ ag5ts1 ,vail proce$$ to build up a def9ite bus9ess policy4 ,he /iff5$ up ! contracts & made !m good = five ye>s only4 ,he conf9$ ea* ag5t to "o place1 & res]v$ all rights to connect "o city ) ano!r4 ,he e/abli%$ a dep>tm5t to collect & protect any new inv5tions t conc]n$ ! telephone4 ,he agre$ to take "p ( ! royalties 9 /ock1 :5 any local company pref]r$ to pay its debts 9 ?is way4 ,& he took /eps t[>d /&>diz+ all telephonic app>atus by controll+ ! factories t made x4 ,^! v>i\s measures 7 "p ( ,vail's plan to create a national telephone sy/em4 ,8 c5tral idea1 f ! fir/1 0 n ! m]e leas+ ( telephones1 b r ! creation ( a ,f$]al company t w\ld be a p]man5t p>tn] 9 ! entire telephone bus9ess4 ,ev5 9 t day ( small ?+s1 & amid/ ! confusion & r\gh-&-tumble ( pione]+1 he work$ out ! broad policy t prevails to-day2 & ?is goes f> to expla9 ! fact t !re are 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates twice z _m telephones z !re are 9 all o!r c\ntries comb9$4 ,vail arriv$ v mu* z ,blu*] did at ! battle ( ,wat]loo--a trifle late1 b 9 "t to prev5t ! telephone =ces f be+ r\t$ by ! ,old ,gu>d ( ! ,we/]n ,union4 ,he 0 sc>cely seat$ 9 8 manag]ial *air1 :5 ! ,we/]n ,union ?rew ! entire ,bell army into confusion by laun*+ ! ,edison transmitt]4 ,edison1 :o 0 at t "t fairly />t$ 9 8 c>e] ( wiz>dry1 _h made an in/rum5t ( m>vell\s al]tness4 ,x 0 beyond all argum5t sup]ior to ! telephones !n 9 use & ! lessees ( ,bell telephones clamor$ ) "o voice = a transmitt] z good z ,edison's4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 c\ld n be _h 9 a mom5t1 & ! five mon?s t foll[$ 7 ! d>ke/ days 9 ! *ildhood ( ! telephone4 ,h[ to compete ) ! ,we/]n ,union1 :i* _h ?is sup]ior transmitt]1 a ho/ ( ag5ts1 a network ( wires1 =ty millions ( capital1 & a fir/ claim ^u all newspap]s1 hotels1 railroads1 & rights ( way--t 0 ! imm$iate problem t confront$ ! new ,g5]al ,manag]4 ,e in* ( progress _h to be f\ght =4 ,sev]al ( 8 capta9s des]t$1 & he 0 compell$ to take control ( _! unpr(itable ex*anges4 ,!re 0 sc>cely a mail t did n br+ him "s bullet9 ( disc\ragem5t or defeat4 ,9 ! ef=t to conciliate a ho/ile public1 ! telephone rates _h ev]y:]e be5 made too l[4 ,hubb>d _h set a price ( tw5ty doll>s a ye>1 = ! use ( two telephones on a private l9e2 & :5 ex*anges 7 />t$1 ! rate 0 seldom m ?an ?ree doll>s a mon?4 ,!re 7 deadheads 9 abundance1 mo/ly (ficials & politicians4 ,9 ,/4 ,l\is1 "o ( ! few cities t *>g$ a suffici5t price1 n9e-t5?s ( ! m]*ants refus$ to become subscrib]s4 ,9 ,bo/on1 ! fir/ pay-/ation ran ?ree mon?s be=e x e>n$ a doll>4 ,ev5 z late z #ahhj1 :5 ! fir/ ,national ,telephone ,conv5tion 0 held at ,niag>a ,falls1 "o ( ! delegates express$ ! g5]al situation v correctly :5 he said3 ,we 7 all 9 a /ate ( en?usia/ic unc]ta9ty4 ,we 7 full ( hope1 yet :5 we analyz$ ^? hopes !y 7 v airy inde$4 ,!re 0 probably n "o company t c\ld say x 0 mak+ a c5t1 nor ev5 t x ,,expect$ to make a c5t4 ,especially 9 ! l>ge/ cities1 :]e ! ,we/]n ,union _h mo/ p[]1 ! lives ( ! telephone pione]s 7 pack$ ) h>d%ips & adv5tures4 ,9 ,philadelphia1 = in/ance1 a resolute "y man nam$ ,?omas ,e4 ,corni% 0 attack$ z ?\gh he _h sudd5ly become a public enemy1 :5 he set out to e/abli% ! fir/ telephone s]vice4 ,no (ficial w\ld grant him a p]mit to /r+ wires4 ,8 workm5 7 arre/$4 ,! pr9t+-telegraph m5 w>n$ him t he mu/ ei!r quit or be driv5 out4 ,:5 he ask$ capitali/s = money1 !y repli$ t he might z well expect to lease jew's-h>ps z telephones4 ,f9ally1 he 0 compell$ to resort to /rategy :]e argum5t _h fail$4 ,he _h receiv$ an ord] f ,colonel ,?omas ,scott1 :o want$ a wire betwe5 8 h\se & 8 (fice4 ,colonel ,scott 0 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 & !re=e a man ( ! highe/ pre/ige 9 ! city4 ,s z soon z ,corni% _h put ?is l9e 9 place1 he kept 8 m5 at "w /r++ o!r l9es4 ,:5 ! police int]f]$1 he %[$ !m ,colonel ,scott's signature & 0 let alone4 ,9 ?is way he put fifte5 wires up be=e ! trick 0 discov]$2 & soon aft]w>ds1 ) eight subscrib]s1 he f\nd$ ! fir/ ,philadelphia ex*ange4 ,z may be imag9$1 su* battl+ z ?is did n put mu* money into ! treasury ( ! p>5t company2 & ! lett]s writt5 by ,s&]s at ?is "t prove t x 0 9 a h>d plight4 ,! foll[+ 0 "o ( ! qu]ies put to ,hubb>d by ! ov]burd5$ ,s&]s3 ,h[ on e>? d y expect me to meet a draft ( two hundr$ & sev5ty-five doll>s )\t a doll> 9 ! treasury1 & ) a debt ( ?irty ?\s& doll>s />+ u 9 ! face8 ,vail's sal>y is small en\gh1 he cont9u$ 9 a second lett]1 b z to :]e x is com+ f ,i am n s cle>4 ,bradley is awfully blue & disc\rag$4 ,williams is torm5t+ me = money & my p]sonal cr$it w n /& ev]y?+4 ,i h advanc$ ! ,company two ?\s& doll>s to-day1 & ,williams mu/ h ?ree ?\s& doll>s m ?is mon?4 ,8 pay-day has come & 8 capital w n c>ry him ano!r in*4 ,if ,bradley ?r[s up 8 h&1 ,i w unfold to y my la/ desp]ate plan4 ,& if ! company _h little money1 x _h less cr$it4 ,once :5 ,vail _h ord]$ a small bill ( goods f a m]*ant nam$ ,tillotson1 ( #ae ,dey ,/reet1 ,new ,york1 ! m]*ant repli$ t ! goods 7 ready1 & s 0 ! bill1 :i* 0 sev5 doll>s4 ,by a /range co9cid5ce1 ! magnific5t build+ ( ! ,new ,york ,telephone ,company /&s to-day on ! site ( ,tillotson's /ore4 ,mon? aft] mon?1 ! little ,bell ,company liv$ f h& to m\?4 ,no sal>ies 7 paid 9 full4 ,(t51 = weeks1 !y 7 n paid at all4 ,9 ,watson's note-book !re are su* entries dur+ ?is p]iod z ,l5t ,bell fifty c5ts1 ,l5t ,hubb>d tw5ty c5ts1 ,b\ght "o bottle be]--too bad c't h be] e day4 ,m ?an once ,hubb>d w\ld h gone hungry _h n ,devon%ire1 ! only cl]k1 %>$ ) him ! cont5ts ( a d9n]-pail4 ,ea* "o ( ! little gr\p 0 beset by taunts & temptations4 ,watson 0 (f]$ t5 ?\s& doll>s = 8 "o-t5? int]e/1 & hesitat$ ?ree days be=e refus+ x4 ,railroad companies (f]$ ,vail a sal>y t 0 high] & sure1 if he w\ld sup]9t5d _! mail bus9ess4 ,& z = ,s&]s1 8 folly 0 ! talk ( ,hav]hill4 ,"o ,hav]hill capitali/1 ,e4 ,j4 ,m4 ,hale1 /opp$ him on ! /reet & ask$1 ,h n't y got a good lea!r bus9ess1 ,mr4 ,s&]s8 ,yes1 repli$ ,s&]s4 ,well1 said ,hale1 y _h bett] att5d to x & quit play+ on w9d in/rum5ts4 ,s&]s's bank]1 too1 became uneasy on "o occasion & reque/$ him to call at ! bank4 ,mr4 ,s&]s1 he said1 ,i w be oblig$ if y w take t telephone /ock out ( ! bank1 & give me 9 its place y\r note = ?irty ?\s& doll>s4 ,i am expect+ ! exam9] "h 9 a few days1 & ,i don't want to get caught ) t /uff 9 ! bank4 ,!n1 9 ! v midnight ( ?is depression1 poor ,bell return$ f ,engl&1 :i!r he & 8 bride _h gone on _! honeymoon1 & ann\nc$ t he _h no money2 t he _h fail$ to e/abli% a telephone bus9ess 9 ,engl&2 & t he mu/ h a ?\s& doll>s at once to pay 8 urg5t debts4 ,he 0 ?or\ghly disc\rag$ & sick4 ,z he lay 9 ! ,massa*usetts ,g5]al ,hospital1 he wrote a cry = help to ! embattl$ little company t 0 mak+ its desp]ate fight to protect 8 pat5ts4 ,?\s&s ( telephones are n[ 9 op]ation 9 all p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 he said1 yet ,i h n yet receiv$ "o c5t f my inv5tion4 ,on ! contr>y1 ,i am l>gely out ( pocket by my rese>*es1 z ! m]e value ( ! pr(ession t ,i h sacrific$ dur+ my ?ree ye>s' "w1 am\nts to twelve ?\s& doll>s4 ,=tunately1 !re came1 9 almo/ ! same mail ) ,bell's lett]1 ano!r lett] f a "y ,bo/onian nam$ ,francis ,blake1 ) ! good news t he _h inv5t$ a transmitt] z satisfactory z ,edison's1 & t he w\ld pref] to sell x = /ock in/ead ( ca%4 ,if ev] a man came z an angel ( light1 t man 0 ,francis ,blake4 ,! possession ( 8 transmitt] in/antly put ! ,bell ,company on an ev5 foot+ ) ! ,we/]n ,union1 9 ! matt] ( app>atus4 ,x enc\rag$ ! few capitali/s :o _h inve/$ money1 & x /irr$ o!rs to come =w>d4 ,! g5]al bus9ess situation _h by ?is "t become m settl$1 & 9 f\r mon?s ! company _h tw5ty-two ?\s& telephones 9 use1 & _h reorganiz$ into ! ,national ,bell ,telephone ,company1 ) #hej1 #jjj capital & ) ,colonel ,=bes z its fir/ ,presid5t4 ,=bes n[ pick$ up ! load t _h be5 c>ri$ s long by ,s&]s4 ,z ! son ( an ,ea/ ,india m]*ant & ! son-9-law ( ,ralph ,waldo ,em]son1 he 0 a ,bo/onian ( ! ,brahm9 ca/e4 ,he 0 a big1 f\r-squ>e man :o 0 bo? popul> & effici5t2 & 8 lead]%ip at ?is crisis 0 ( imm5se value4 ,?is reorganization put ! telephone bus9ess into ! h&s ( compet5t bus9ess m5 at e po9t4 ,x br\ght ! h]oic & exp]im5tal p]iod to an end4 ,f ?is "t onw>ds ! telephone _h /rong fri5ds 9 ! f9ancial _w4 ,x 0 be+ attack$ by ! ,we/]n ,union & by rival inv5tors :o 7 jeal\s ( ,bell's a*ievem5t4 ,x 0 be+ half-/>v$ by *eap rates & crippl$ by clumsy app>atus4 ,x 0 be+ abus$ & grumbl$ at by an impati5t public4 ,b ! art ( mak+ & m>ket+ x _h at la/ be5 built up into a comm]cial ent]prise4 ,x 0 n[ a bus9ess1 fight+ = its life4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,! ,,hold+ ,,( ,,! ,,bus9ess ,= sev5te5 mon?s no "o disput$ ,bell's claim to be ! orig9al inv5tor ( ! telephone4 ,all ! honor1 su* z x 01 _h be5 giv5 to him freely1 & no "o came =w>d to say t x 0 n rightfully 84 ,no "o1 s f> z we "k1 _h any /rong desire to d s4 ,no "o conceiv$ t ! telephone w\ld ev] be any m ?an a :imsical oddity ( sci5ce4 ,x 0 s new1 s unexpect$1 t f ,"l ,kelv9 d[n to ! mess5g] boys 9 ! telegraph (fices1 x 0 an incompreh5sible surprise4 ,b aft] ,bell _h expla9$ 8 inv5tion 9 public lectures be=e m ?an tw5ty ?\s& p1 aft] x _h be5 on exhibition = mon?s at ! ,philadelphia ,c5t5nial1 aft] sev]al hundr$ articles on x _h appe>$ 9 newspap]s & sci5tific magaz9es1 & aft] actual sales ( telephones _h be5 made 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! c\ntry1 !re began to appe> su* a succession ( claimants & infr+]s t ! =getful public came to believe t ! telephone1 l mo/ inv5tions1 0 ! product ( _m m9ds4 ,j z ,morse1 :o 0 ! sole inv5tor ( ! ,am]ican telegraph 9 #ahcg1 0 confront$ by sixty-two rivals 9 #ahch1 s ,bell1 :o 0 ! sole inv5tor 9 #ahgf1 f\nd himself two ye>s lat] almo/ mobb$ by ! ,ti*borne claimants ( ! telephone4 ,! inv5tors :o _h be5 8 competitors 9 ! attempt to produce a musical telegraph1 p]suad$ !mselves t !y _h unconsci\sly done z mu* z he4 ,any possessor ( a telegraphic pat5t1 :o _h us$ ! common phrase talk+ wire1 _h a *ance to build up a plausible /ory ( prior inv5tion4 ,& o!rs came =w>d ) claims s vague & elusive t ,bell w\ld sc>cely h be5 m surpris$ if ! heirs ( ,goe! _h dem&$ a %>e ( ! telephone royalties on ! gr\nd t ,fau/ _h spok5 ( mak+ a bridge ?r\gh ! mov+ air4 ,?is babel ( inv5tors & pret5d]s amaz$ ,bell & disconc]t$ 8 back]s4 ,b x 0 no m ?an might h be5 expect$4 ,"h 0 a pat5t--! mo/ valuable s+le pat5t ev] issu$--& yet ! inv5tion itself 0 s simple t x c\ld be duplicat$ easily by any sm>t boy or any ord9>y me*anic4 ,! mak+ ( a telephone 0 l ! trick ( ,columbus /&+ an egg on end4 ,no?+ 0 easi] to ^? :o knew h[4 ,& s x happ5$ t1 z ! crude little model ( ,bell's orig9al telephone lay 9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice op5 & unprotect$ except by a few phrases t clev] lawy]s might evade1 !re sprang up inevitably ar\nd x ! mo/ co/ly & p]si/5t ,pat5t ,w> t any c\ntry has ev] kn[n1 cont9u+ = elev5 ye>s & compris+ ,,six ,,hundr$ ,,lawsuits4 ,! fir/ attack ^u ! "y telephone bus9ess 0 made by ! ,we/]n ,union ,telegraph ,company4 ,x came *>g+ full tilt ^u ,bell1 driv+ ?ree inv5tors abrea/--,edison1 ,gray1 & ,dolbe>4 ,x expect$ an easy victory2 9 fact1 ! disp>ity betwe5 ! two oppon5ts 0 s evid5t1 t !re seem$ little *ance ( a conte/ ( any k9d4 ,! ,we/]n ,union w swall[ up ! telephone p1 said public op9ion1 j z x has already swall[$ up all improvem5ts 9 telegraphy4 ,at t "t1 x %\ld be rememb]$1 ! ,we/]n ,union 0 ! only corporation t 0 national 9 its ext5t4 ,x 0 ! mo/ p[]ful electrical company 9 ! _w1 &1 z ,bell wrote to 8 p>5ts1 probably ! l>ge/ corporation t ev] exi/$4 ,x _h beh9d x n only =ty millions ( capital1 b ! pre/ige ( ! ,v&]bilts1 & ! favor ( f9anci]s ev]y:]e4 ,also1 x met ! telephone pione]s at e po9t because x1 too1 0 a ,,wire company4 ,x own$ rights-(-way along roads & on h\se-tops4 ,x _h a monopoly ( hotels & railroad (fices4 ,no matt] 9 :at direction ! ,bell ,company turn$1 ! live wire ( ! ,we/]n ,union lay across its pa?4 ,f ! fir/1 ! ,we/]n ,union reli$ m ^u its /r5g? ?an ^u ! m]its ( its case4 ,its *ief electrical exp]t1 ,frank ,l4 ,pope1 _h made a six mon?s' exam9ation ( ! ,bell pat5ts4 ,he _h b\ght e book 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,europe t 0 likely to h any ref]5ce to ! transmission ( spee*1 & employ$ a pr(essor :o knew eight languages to translate !m4 ,he & 8 m5 ransack$ libr>ies & pat5t (fices2 !y rummag$ & sleu!d & int]view$2 & f\nd no?+ ( any value4 ,9 8 f9al report to ! ,we/]n ,union1 ,mr4 ,pope ann\nc$ t !re 0 no way to make a telephone except ,bell's way1 & advis$ ! pur*ase ( ! ,bell pat5ts4 ,i am entirely unable to discov] any app>atus or me?od anticipat+ ! inv5tion ( ,bell z a :ole1 he said2 & ,i conclude t 8 pat5t is valid4 ,b ! (ficials ( ! great corporation refus$ to take ?is report s]i\sly4 ,!y ?rew x aside & employ$ ,edison1 ,gray1 & ,dolbe> to devise a telephone t c\ld be put into competition ) ,bell's4 ,z we h se5 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 !re n[ came a p]iod ( viol5t competition :i* is rememb]$ z ! ,d>k ,ages ( ! telephone bus9ess4 ,! ,we/]n ,union b\ght out sev]al ( ! ,bell ex*anges & op5$ up a lively w> on ! o!rs4 ,z befitt+ its size1 x claim$ ev]y?+4 ,x introduc$ ,gray z ! orig9al inv5tor ( ! telephone1 & ord]$ its lawy]s to take action at once aga9/ ! ,bell ,company = infr+em5t ( ! ,gray pat5t4 ,?is high-h&$ action1 x hop$1 w\ld mo/ quickly br+ ! little ,bell gr\p into a humble & submissive frame ( m9d4 ,e morn+ ! ,we/]n ,union look$ to see ! :ite flag fly+ ov] ! ,bell headqu>t]s4 ,b no :ite flag appe>$4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! news came t ! ,bell ,company _h secur$ two em95t lawy]s & 7 ready to give battle4 ,! case began 9 ! ,autumn ( #ahgh & la/$ = a ye>4 ,!n x came to a sudd5 & mo/ unexpect$ end+4 ,! lawy]-9-*ief ( ! ,we/]n ,union 0 ,george ,gif=d1 :o 0 p]haps ! able/ pat5t attorney ( 8 day4 ,he 0 v]s$ 9 pat5t lore f ,alpha to ,omega2 & z ! trial proce$$1 he became conv9c$ t ! ,bell pat5t 0 valid4 ,he notifi$ ! ,we/]n ,union confid5tially1 ( c\rse1 t its case c\ld n be prov51 & t ,bell 0 ! orig9al inv5tor ( ! telephone4 ,! be/ policy1 he sugge/$1 0 to )draw _! claims & make a settlem5t4 ,?is wise advice 0 accept$1 & ! next day ! :ite flag 0 haul$ up1 n by ! little gr\p ( ,bell fight]s1 :o 7 huddl$ toge!r 9 a t9y1 two-room (fice1 b by ! mighty ,we/]n ,union itself1 :i* _h be5 s arrogant :5 ! enc\nt] began4 ,a committee ( ?ree f ea* side 0 appo9t$1 & aft] mon?s ( disputation1 a treaty ( peace 0 drawn up & sign$4 ,by ! t]ms ( ?is treaty ! ,we/]n ,union agre$-- 7#a7 ,to admit t ,bell 0 ! orig9al inv5tor4 7#b7 ,to admit t 8 pat5ts 7 valid4 7#c7 ,to retire f ! telephone bus9ess4 ,! ,bell ,company1 9 return = ?is surr5d]1 agre$-- 7#a7 ,to buy ! ,we/]n ,union telephone sy/em4 7#b7 ,to pay ! ,we/]n ,union a royalty ( tw5ty p] c5t on all telephone r5tals4 7#c7 ,to keep out ( ! telegraph bus9ess4 ,?is agreem5t1 :i* 0 to rema9 9 =ce = sev5te5 ye>s1 0 a ma/]-/roke ( diplomacy on ! "p ( ! ,bell ,company4 ,x 0 ! ,magna ,*>ta ( ! telephone4 ,x trans=m$ a giant competitor into a fri5d4 ,x add$ to ! ,bell ,sy/em fifty-six ?\s& telephones 9 fifty-five cities4 ,& x swung ! valiant little company up to su* a p9nacle ( prosp]ity t its /ock w5t skyrocket+ until x t\*$ "o ?\s& doll>s a %>e4 ,! ,we/]n ,union _h lo/ its case1 = sev]al v simple reasons3 ,x _h tri$ to op]ate a telephone sy/em on telegraphic l9es1 a plan t has inv>iably be5 unsuccessful1 x _h a l[ idea ( ! possibilities ( ! telephone bus9ess2 & its already busy ag5ts _h little "t or k or en?usiasm to give to ! new ent]prise4 ,) all its p[]1 x f\nd itself outf\ght by ?is compact body ( pick$ m51 :o 7 "y1 zeal\s1 well-h&l$1 & protect$ by a mo/ invuln]able pat5t4 ,! ,bell ,telephone n[ took its place ) ! ,telegraph1 ! ,railroad1 ! ,/eamboat1 ! ,h>ve/]1 & ! o!r necessities ( a civiliz$ c\ntry4 ,its pione] days 7 ov]4 ,!re 0 no m ridicule & incr$ulity4 ,e "o knew t ! ,bell p _h :ipp$ ! ,we/]n ,union1 & ha/5$ to jo9 9 ! gr& ,te ,deum ( applause4 ,)9 five mon?s f ! sign+ ( ! agreem5t1 !re _h to be a reorganization2 & ! ,am]ican ,bell ,telephone ,company 0 creat$1 ) six million doll>s capital4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye>1 #ahha1 twelve hundr$ new t[ns & cities 7 m>k$ on ! telephone map1 & ! fir/ divid5ds 7 paid--#agh1ejj4 ,& 9 #ahhb !re came su* a telephone boom t ! ,bell ,sy/em 0 multipli$ by two1 ) m ?an a million doll>s ( gross e>n+s4 ,at ?is po9t all ! e>lie/ pione]s ( ! telephone1 except ,vail1 pass out ( its hi/ory4 ,?omas ,s&]s sold 8 /ock = some:at less ?an a million doll>s1 & pres5tly lo/ mo/ ( x 9 a ,colorado gold m9e4 ,8 "m1 :o _h be5 s good a fri5d to ,bell1 _h h] =tune d\bl$4 ,g>d9] ,g4 ,hubb>d )drew f bus9ess life1 & z x 0 impossible = a man ( 8 ard5t temp]am5t to be idle1 he plung$ into ! ,national ,geographical ,society4 ,he 0 a ,colonel ,sell]s ^: dream ( millions 7= ! telephone7 _h come true2 & :5 he di$1 9 #ahig1 he 0 ri* bo? 9 money & 9 ! affection ( 8 fri5ds4 ,*>les ,williams1 9 ^: work%op ! fir/ telephones 7 made1 sold 8 factory to ! ,bell ,company 9 #ahha = m money ?an he _h ev] expect$ to possess4 ,?omas ,a4 ,watson resign$ at ! same "t1 f9d+ himself no long] a wage-work] b a millionaire4 ,sev]al ye>s lat] he e/abli%$ a %ipbuild+ plant ne> ,bo/on1 :i* grew until x employ$ f\r ?\s& workm5 & _h built half a doz5 w>%ips = ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,navy4 ,z = ,bell1 ! fir/ cause ( ! telephone bus9ess1 he did :at a true sci5tific ,bohemian might h be5 expect$ to d2 he gave all 8 /ock to 8 bride on _! m>riage-day & resum$ 8 "w z an in/ructor ( deaf-mutes4 ,few k+s1 if any1 _h ev] giv5 s ri* a w$d+ pres5t2 & c]ta9ly no "o 9 any c\ntry ev] obta9$ & toss$ aside an imm5se =tune z incid5tally z did ,bell4 ,:5 ! ,bell ,company (f]$ him a sal>y ( t5 ?\s& doll>s a ye> to rema9 its *ief inv5tor1 he refus$ ! (f] *e]fully on ! gr\nd t he c\ld n inv5t to ord]4 ,9 #ahhj1 ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t gave him ! ,volta ,prize ( fifty ?\s& francs & ! ,cross ( ! ,legion ( ,honor4 ,he has _h _m honors s9ce !n1 & _m int]e/s4 ,he has be5 = ?irty ye>s "o ( ! mo/ brilliant & picturesque p]sonalities 9 ,am]ican public life4 ,b none ( 8 lat] a*ievem5ts c 9 any degree comp>e ) :at he did 9 a cell> 9 ,salem1 at tw5ty-eight ye>s ( age4 ,!y _h all become ri*1 ^! fir/ fri5ds ( ! telephone1 b n fabul\sly s4 ,!re 0 n at t "t1 nor has !re be5 s9ce1 any "o :o became a multimillionaire by ! sale ( telephone s]vice4 ,if ! ,bell ,company _h sold its /ock at ! highe/ price rea*$1 9 #ahhj1 x w\ld h receiv$ less ?an n9e million doll>s--a huge sum1 b n too mu* to pay = ! inv5tion ( ! telephone & ! build+ up ( a new art & a new indu/ry4 ,x 0 n z mu* z ! value ( ! eggs laid dur+ ! la/ twelve mon?s by ! h5s ( ,i[a4 ,b1 z may be imag9$1 :5 ! news ( ! ,we/]n ,union agreem5t became kn[n1 ! /ory ( ! telephone became a fairy tale ( success4 ,!odore ,vail 0 giv5 a banquet by 8 old-"t fri5ds 9 ! ,wa%+ton po/al s]vice1 & toa/$ z ! ,monte ,cri/o ( ! ,telephone4 ,x 0 said t ! actual co/ ( ! ,bell plant 0 only "o-tw5ty-fif? ( its capital1 & t e f\r c5ts ( inve/m5t _h ?us become a doll>4 ,ev5 ,jay ,g\ld1 c>ri$ beyond 8 usual caution by ^! /ories1 ran up to ,new ,hav5 & b\ght its telephone company1 only to f9d out lat] t its e>n+s 7 less ?an its exp5ses4 ,mu* to ! bewild]m5t ( ! ,bell ,company1 x soon le>n$ t ! tr\bles ( weal? are z num]\s z ^? ( pov]ty4 ,x 0 beset by a ?rong ( promot]s & /ock-jobb]s1 :o fell ^u x & ^u ! public l a sw>m ( sev5te5-ye> locu/s4 ,9 ?ree ye>s1 "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five compet+ companies 7 />t$1 9 op5 defiance ( ! ,bell pat5ts4 ,! ma9 object ( ^! companies 0 n1 l t ( ! ,we/]n ,union1 to d a legitimate telephone bus9ess1 b to sell /ock to ! public4 ,! face value ( _! /ock 0 #bbe1jjj1jjj1 al?\gh few ( !m ev] s5t a message4 ,"o company ( unusual imp]t95ce1 )\t money or pat5ts1 _h capitaliz$ its audacity at #ae1jjj1jjj4 ,h[ to ,,hold ! bus9ess t _h be5 e/abli%$--t 0 n[ ! problem4 ,none ( ! ,bell p>tn]s _h be5 m]e /ock-jobb]s4 ,at "o "t !y _h ev5 tak5 a pl$ge n to sell any ( _! /ock to outsid]s4 ,!y _h f9anc$ _! company 9 a mo/ hone/ & simple way2 & !y 7 desp]ately oppos$ to ! f9ancial b&itti ^: purpose 0 to trans=m ! telephone bus9ess into a *eat & a gamble4 ,at fir/1 hav+ held _! own aga9/ ! ,we/]n ,union1 !y expect$ to make %ort "w ( ! /ock-jobb]s4 ,b x 0 a va9 hope4 ,^! bogus companies1 !y f\nd1 did n fight 9 ! op51 z ! ,we/]n ,union _h done4 ,all mann] ( injuri\s rumors 7 pres5tly set afloat conc]n+ ! ,bell pat5t4 ,o!r inv5tors--"s ( !m hone/ m51 & "s %ameless pret5d]s--7 br\ght =w>d ) /rangely concoct$ tales ( prior inv5tion4 ,! ,grang] movem5t 0 at t "t a /rong political factor 9 ! ,middle ,we/1 & its bl9d fe> ( pat5ts & monopolies 0 turn$ aggressively aga9/ ! ,bell ,company4 ,a few ,s5ators & legitimate capitali/s 7 lift$ up z ! figureheads ( ! crusade4 ,& a l\d hue-&-cry 0 rais$ 9 ! newspap]s aga9/ high rates & monopoly to di/ract ! m9ds ( ! p f ! real issue ( legitimate bus9ess v]sus /ock-company bubbles4 ,! mo/ plausible & p]si/5t ( all ! v>i\s inv5tors :o snat*$ at ,bell's laurels1 0 ,eli%a ,gray4 ,he refus$ to abide by ! adv]se decision ( ! c\rt4 ,sev]al ye>s aft] 8 defeat1 he came =w>d ) new weapons & new me?ods ( attack4 ,he became m ho/ile & irreconcilable2 & until 8 dea?1 9 #aija1 nev] r5\nc$ 8 claim to be ! orig9al inv5tor ( ! telephone4 ,! reason = ?is p]si/5ce is v evid5t4 ,gray 0 a pr(essional inv5tor1 a highly compet5t man :o _h begun 8 c>e] z a blacksmi?'s appr5tice1 & ris5 to be a pr(essor ( ,ob]l94 ,he made1 dur+ 8 lifetime1 ov] five million doll>s by 8 pat5ts4 ,9 #ahgd1 he & ,bell 7 runn+ a neck-&-neck race to see :o c\ld fir/ inv5t a musical telegraph--:51 pre/o6 ,bell sudd5ly turn$ aside1 because ( 8 ac\/ical k1 & inv5t$ ! telephone1 :ile ,gray kept /raight ahead4 ,l all o!rs :o 7 9 que/ ( a bett] telegraph in/rum5t1 ,gray _h glimm]+s ( ! possibility ( s5d+ spee* by wire1 & by "o ( ! /range/ ( co9cid5ces he fil$ a caveat on ! subject on ! ,,same ,,day t ,bell fil$ ! application = a pat5t4 ,bell _h arriv$ fir/4 ,z ! record book %[s1 ! fif? entry on t day 03 ,a4 ,g4 ,bell1 #ae2 & ! ?irty-n9? entry 0 ,e4 ,gray1 #aj4 ,!re 0 a va/ diff]5ce betwe5 ,gray's caveat & ,bell's application4 ,a caveat is a decl>ation t ! writ] has ,,n inv5t$ a ?+1 b believes t he is ab\t to d s2 :ile an ,,application is a decl>ation t ! writ] has already p]fect$ ! inv5tion4 ,b ,gray c\ld nev] =get t he _h seem$ to be1 = a "t1 s close to ! gold5 prize2 & sev5 ye>s aft] he _h be5 set aside by ! ,we/]n ,union agreem5t1 he reappe>$ ) claims t _h gr[n l>g] & m def9ite4 ,:5 all ! evid5ce 9 ! v>i\s ,gray lawsuits is sift$ out1 !re appe> to h be5 ?ree di/9ctly diff]5t ,grays3 fir/1 ,gray ! ,,sc(f]1 :o exam9$ ,bell's telephone at ! ,c5t5nial & said x 0 no?+ b ! old lov]'s telegraph4 ,x is impossible to make a practical speak+ telephone on ! pr9ciple %[n by ,pr(essor ,bell4444 ,! curr5ts are too feeble2 second1 ,gray ! ,,conv]t1 :o wrote frankly to ,bell 9 #ahgg1 ,i d n claim ! cr$it ( inv5t+ x2 & ?ird1 ,gray ! ,,claimant1 :o endeavor$ to prove 9 #ahhf t he 0 ! orig9al inv5tor4 ,8 real position 9 ! matt] 0 once well & wittily describ$ by 8 p>tn]1 ,enos ,m4 ,b>ton1 :o said3 ,( all ! m5 :o ,,didn',t inv5t ! telephone1 ,gray 0 ! ne>e/4 ,x is n[ cle>ly se5 t ! telephone owes no?+ to ,gray4 ,!re are no ,gray telephones 9 use 9 any c\ntry4 ,ev5 ,gray himself1 z he admitt$ 9 c\rt1 fail$ :5 he tri$ to make a telephone on ! l9es laid d[n 9 8 caveat4 ,! f9al ^w on ! :ole matt] 0 rec5tly spok5 by ,george ,c4 ,mayn>d1 :o e/abli%$ ! telephone bus9ess 9 ! city ( ,wa%+ton4 ,said ,mr4 ,mayn>d3 ,mr4 ,gray 0 an intimate & valu$ fri5d ( m9e1 b x is no disrespect to 8 memory to say t on "s po9ts involv$ 9 ! telephone matt]1 he 0 mi/ak54 ,no subject 0 ev] s ?or\ghly inve/igat$ z ! inv5tion ( ! speak+ telephone4 ,no pat5t has ev] be5 submitt$ to su* det]m9$ assault f e direction z ,bell's2 & no inv5tor has ev] be5 m completely v9dicat$4 ,bell 0 ! fir/ inv5tor1 & ,gray 0 n4 ,aft] ,gray1 ! weightie/ *all5g] :o came aga9/ ,bell 0 ,pr(essor ,amos ,e4 ,dolbe>1 ( ,tufts ,college4 ,he1 l ,gray1 _h writt5 a lett] ( applause to ,bell 9 #ahgg4 ,i congratulate y1 sir1 he said1 ^u y\r v great inv5tion1 & ,i hope to see x supplant all =ms ( exi/+ telegraphs1 & t y w be successful 9 obta9+ ! weal? & honor :i* is y\r due4 ,b "o ye> lat]1 ,dolbe> came to view ) an opposition telephone4 ,x 0 n an imitation ( ,bell's1 he insi/$1 b an improvem5t ^u an electrical device made by a ,g]man nam$ ,philip ,reis1 9 #ahfa4 ,?us !re appe>$ ^u ! sc5e ! s-call$ ,reis telephone1 :i* 0 n a telephone at all1 9 any practical s5se1 b :i* s]v$ well en\gh = n9e ye>s or m z a weapon to use aga9/ ! ,bell pat5ts4 ,poor ,philip ,reis himself1 ! son ( a bak] 9 ,frank=t1 ,g]many1 _h hop$ to make a telephone1 b he _h fail$4 ,8 ma*9e 0 op]at$ by a make-&-break curr5t1 & s c\ld n c>ry ! inf9itely delicate vibrations made by ! human voice4 ,x c\ld transmit ! pit* ( a s\nd1 b n ! ,,quality4 ,at its be/1 x c\ld c>ry a tune1 b nev] at any "t a spok5 s5t5ce4 ,reis1 9 8 lat] ye>s1 realiz$ t 8 ma*9e c\ld nev] be us$ = ! transmission ( conv]sation2 & 9 a lett] to a fri5d he tells ( a code ( signals t he has inv5t$4 ,bell _h once1 dur+ 8 ?ree ye>s ( exp]im5t+1 made a ,reis ma*9e1 al?\gh at t "t he _h n se5 "o4 ,b he soon ?rew x aside1 z ( no practical value4 ,z a tea*] ( ac\/ics1 ,bell knew t ! "o indisp5sable requirem5t ( a telephone is t x %all transmit ! ,,:ole ( a s\nd1 & n m]ely ! pit* ( x4 ,su* sci5ti/s z ,"l ,kelv91 ,joseph ,h5ry1 & ,edison _h se5 ! little ,reis in/rum5t ye>s be=e ,bell inv5t$ ! telephone2 b !y reg>d$ x z a m]e musical toy4 ,x 0 n 9 any s5se a speak+ telephone1 said ,"l ,kelv94 ,& ,edison1 :5 try+ to put ! ,reis ma*9e 9 ! mo/ favorable light1 admitt$ humor\sly t :5 he us$ a ,reis transmitt] he g5]ally knew :at 0 com+2 & kn[+ :at 0 com+1 ev5 a ,reis transmitt]1 pure & simple1 reproduces s\nds :i* seem almo/ l t :i* 0 be+ transmitt$2 b :5 ! man at ! o!r end did n "k :at 0 com+1 x 0 v seldom t any ^w 0 recogniz$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! ,dolbe> lawsuit1 a ,reis ma*9e 0 br\ght into c\rt1 & creat$ mu* amusem5t4 ,x 0 able to squeak1 b n to speak4 ,exp]ts & pr(essors wre/l$ ) x 9 va94 ,x refus$ to transmit "o intelligible s5t5ce4 ,x ,,c speak1 b x ,,won',t1 expla9$ "o ( ,dolbe>'s lawy]s4 ,x is n[ g5]ally kn[n t :ile a ,reis ma*9e1 :5 clogg$ & out ( ord]1 w\ld transmit a ^w or two 9 an imp]fect way1 x 0 built on wrong l9es4 ,x 0 no m a telephone ?an a wagon is a sleigh1 ev5 ?\gh x is possible to *a9 ! :eels & make !m slide = a foot or two4 ,said ,judge ,l[ell1 9 r5d]+ 8 fam\s decision3 ,a c5tury ( ,reis w\ld nev] h produc$ a speak+ telephone by m]e improvem5t ( con/ruction4 ,x 0 left = ,bell to discov] t ! failure 0 due n to workman%ip b to ! pr9ciple :i* 0 adopt$ z ! basis ( :at _h to be done4 444 ,bell discov]$ a new art--t ( transmitt+ spee* by electricity1 & 8 claim is n z broad z 8 inv5tion4444 ,to foll[ ,reis is to fail2 b to foll[ ,bell is to succe$4 ,aft] ! victory ov] ,dolbe>1 ! ,bell /ock w5t so>+ skyw>ds2 & ! high] x w5t1 ! great] 7 ! numb] ( infr+]s & bl[]s ( /ock bubbles4 ,to bait ! ,bell ,company became almo/ a national sport4 ,any sort ( claimant1 ) any sort ( wild tale ( prior inv5tion1 c\ld f9d a speculator to support him4 ,on !y came1 a motley array1 "s 9 rags1 "s on nags1 & "s 9 velvet g[ns4 ,"o ( !m claim$ to h done wond]s ) an iron hoop & a file 9 #ahfg2 a second _h a m>vell\s table ) glass legs2 a ?ird swore t he _h made a telephone 9 #ahfj1 b did n "k :at x 0 until he saw ,bell's pat5t2 & a f\r? told a vivid /ory ( hav+ he>d a bullfrog croak via a telegraph wire :i* 0 /rung into a c]ta9 cell> 9 ,rac9e1 9 #ahea4 ,?is comic op]a phase came to a head 9 ! fam\s ,drawbaugh case1 :i* la/$ = ne>ly f\r ye>s1 & fill$ t5 ?\s& pages ) its evid5ce4 ,hav+ fail$ on ,reis1 ! ,g]man1 ! oppon5ts ( ,bell n[ br\ght =w>d an ,am]ican inv5tor nam$ ,daniel ,drawbaugh1 & op5$ up a noisy newspap] campaign4 ,to secure public sympa?y = ,drawbaugh1 x 0 said t he _h inv5t$ a complete telephone & swit*bo>d be=e #ahgf1 b 0 9 su* utt] & abject pov]ty t he c\ld n get himself a pat5t4 ,five hundr$ witnesses 7 exam9$2 & su* a g5]al turmoil 0 ar\s$ t ! ,bell lawy]s 7 compell$ to take ! attack s]i\sly1 & to fight back ) e p\nd ( ammunition !y possess$4 ,! fact ab\t ,drawbaugh is t he 0 a me*anic 9 a c\ntry village ne> ,h>risburg1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,he 0 +5i\s b n inv5tive2 & lov$ to display 8 me*anical skill be=e ! f>m]s & villag]s4 ,he 0 a subscrib] to ,! ,sci5tific ,am]ican2 & x _h become ! fix$ habit ( 8 life to copy o!r p's inv5tions & exhibit !m z 8 own4 ,he 0 a trail] ( inv5tors4 ,m ?an =ty in/ances ( ?is imitative habit 7 %[n at ! trial1 & he 0 sev]ely scor$ by ! judge1 :o accus$ him ( delib]ately falsify+ ! facts4 ,8 rul+ passion ( imitation1 app>5tly1 0 n dim9i%$ by ! loss ( 8 telephone claims1 z he came to public view aga9 9 #aijc z a trail] ( ,m>coni4 ,drawbaugh's defeat s5t ! ,bell /ock up once m1 & br\ght on a ,x]xes' army ( opposition :i* call$ itself ! ,ov]l& ,company4 ,hav+ le>n$ t no "o claim-ant c\ld beat ,bell 9 ! c\rts1 ?is company mass$ ! los]s toge!r & came =w>d ) a scrap-basket full ( pat5ts4 ,sev]al p[]ful capitali/s und]took to pay ! exp5ses ( ?is adv5ture4 ,wires 7 /rung2 /ock 0 sold2 & ! ent]prise look$ = a "t s g5u9e t :5 ! ,bell lawy]s ask$ = an injunction aga9/ x1 !y 7 refus$4 ,?is 0 z h>d a bl[ z ! ,bell p receiv$ 9 _! elev5 ye>s ( litigation2 & ! ,bell /ock tumbl$ ?irty-five po9ts 9 a few days4 ,infr++ companies sprang up l g\rds 9 ! night4 ,& all w5t m]rily ) ! promot]s until ! ,ov]l& ,company 0 ?r[n out ( c\rt1 z hav+ no evid5ce1 except ! refuse & dregs ( =m] cases--! heel-taps f\nd 9 ! glasses at ! end ( ! frolic4 ,b ev5 aft] ?is defeat = ! claimants1 ! frolic 0 n :olly end$4 ,!y next plann$ to get ?r\gh politics :at !y c\ld n get ?r\gh law2 !y induc$ ! ,gov]nm5t to br+ suit = ! annulm5t ( ! ,bell pat5ts4 ,x 0 a bold & desp]ate move1 & enabl$ ! promot]s ( pap] companies to sell /ock = sev]al ye>s long]4 ,! :ole dispute 0 re-op5$1 f ,gray to ,drawbaugh4 ,e battle 0 re-f\ght2 & 9 ! end1 ( c\rse1 ! ,gov]nm5t (ficials le>n$ t !y 7 be+ us$ to pull telephone *e/nuts out ( ! fire4 ,! case 0 all[$ to die a natural dea?1 & 0 in=mally dropp$ 9 #ahif4 ,9 all1 ! ,bell ,company f\ght out ?irte5 lawsuits t 7 ( national int]e/1 & five t 7 c>ri$ to ! ,supreme ,c\rt 9 ,wa%+ton4 ,x f\ght out five hundr$ & eighty-sev5 o!r lawsuits ( v>i\s natures2 & ) ! exception ( two trivial contract suits1 ,,x ,,nev] ,,lo/ ,a ,,case4 ,its exp]i5ce is an unansw]able indictm5t ( our sy/em ( protect+ inv5tors4 ,no inv5tor _h ev] a cle>] title ?an ,bell4 ,! ,pat5t ,(fice itself1 9 #ahhd1 made an eighte5-mon?s' inve/igation ( all telephone pat5ts1 & report$3 ,x is to ,bell t ! _w owes ! possession ( ! speak+ telephone4 ,yet 8 pat5t 0 cont9u\sly "u fire1 & nev] at any "t secure4 ,/ock companies ^: pap] capital totall$ m ?an #ejj1jjj1jjj 7 organiz$ to break x d[n2 & f fir/ to la/ ! success ( ! telephone 0 bas$ mu* less ^u ! monopoly ( pat5ts ?an ^u ! build+ up ( a well organiz$ bus9ess4 ,=tunately = ,bell & ! m5 :o upheld him1 !y 7 def5d$ by two ma/]-lawy]s :o h seldom1 if ev]1 _h an equal = team "w & effici5cy--,*auncy ,smi? & ,james ,j4 ,/orr[4 ,^! two m5 7 m>vell\sly well mat$4 ,smi? 0 an old-fa%ion$ attorney ( ! ,web/]ian sort1 dignifi$1 pond]\s1 & impressive4 ,by #ahgh1 :5 he came 9 to def5d ! little ,bell ,company aga9/ ! t[]+ ,we/]n ,union1 ,smi? _h become ! mo/ not$ pat5t lawy] 9 ,bo/on4 ,he 0 a l>ge1 ?ick-set man1 a rem9d] ( ,b5jam9 ,frankl91 ) clean-%av5 face1 long hair curl+ at ! ends1 frock coat1 high coll>1 & beav] hat4 ,/orr[1 on ! contr>y1 0 a small man1 quiet 9 mann]1 conv]sational 9 argum5t1 & an encyclop$ia ( def9ite in=mation4 ,he 0 s ?or\gh t1 :5 he became a ,bell lawy]1 he fir/ sp5t an entire summ] at 8 c\ntry home 9 ,pet]%am1 /udy+ ! laws ( physics & electricity4 ,he 0 nev] 9 ! slighte/ degree spectacul>4 ,once only1 dur+ ! elev5 ye>s ( litigation1 did he lose control ( 8 temp]4 ,he 0 attack+ ! cr$ibility ( a witness :om he _h put on ! /&1 b :o _h be5 tamp]$ ) by ! opposition lawy]s4 ,b ?is man is y\r own witness1 prote/$ ! lawy]s4 ,yes1 %\t$ ! usually s(t-speak+ ,/orr[2 he ,,0 my witness1 b n[ he is ,,y\r ,,li>4 ,! effici5cy ( ^! two m5 0 greatly increas$ by a ?ird--,?omas ,d4 ,lockwood1 :o 0 *os5 by ,vail 9 #ahgi to e/abli% a ,pat5t ,dep>tm5t4 ,two ye>s be=e1 ,lockwood _h he>d ,bell lecture 9 ,*ick]+ ,hall1 ,new ,york1 & 0 a d\bt+ ,?omas4 ,b a clos] /udy ( ! telephone trans=m$ him into an en?usia/4 ,hav+ a memory l a fil+ sy/em1 & a knack = inv5tion1 ,lockwood 0 well fitt$ to create su* a dep>tm5t4 ,he 0 a man born = ! place4 ,& he has se5 ! numb] ( electrical pat5ts gr[ f a few hundr$ 9 #ahgh to eighty ?\s& 9 #aiaj4 ,^! ?ree m5 7 ! def5d]s ( ! ,bell pat5ts4 ,z ,vail built up ! "y telephone bus9ess1 !y held x f be+ torn to %r$s 9 an orgy ( speculative competition4 ,smi? prep>$ ! compreh5sive plan ( def5ce4 ,by 8 sagacity & exp]i5ce he 0 enabl$ to m>k out ! g5]al pr9ciples ^u :i* ,bell _h a "r to /&4 ,usually1 he clos$ ! case1 & he 0 imm5sely effective z he w\ld declaim1 9 8 deep voice3 ,i submit1 ,y\r ,honor1 t ! lit]ature ( ! _w does n af=d a passage :i* /ates h[ ! human voice c be electrically transmitt$1 previ\s to ! pat5t ( ,mr4 ,bell4 ,8 dea?1 l 8 life1 0 dramatic4 ,he 0 on 8 feet 9 ! c\rtroom1 battl+ aga9/ an infr+]1 :51 9 ! middle ( a s5t5ce1 he fell to ! floor1 ov]come by sickness & ! responsibilities he _h c>ri$ = twelve ye>s4 ,/orr[1 9 a diff]5t way1 0 fully z indisp5sable z ,smi?4 ,x 0 he :o built up ! sup]/ructure ( ! ,bell def5ce4 ,he 0 a ma/] ( details4 ,8 bra9 0 ke5 & incisive2 & "s ( 8 briefs w be /udi$ z long z ! art ( telephony exi/s4 ,he might fairly h be5 comp>$1 9 action1 to a rapid-fir+ ,gatl+ gun2 :ile ,smi? 0 a hundr$-ton cannon1 & ,lockwood 0 ! mak] ( ! ammunition4 ,smi? & ,/orr[ _h ?ree ma9 argum5ts t nev] 71 & nev] c\ld be1 answ]$4 ,fifty or m ( ! mo/ em95t lawy]s ( t day tri$ to demoli% ^! argum5ts1 & fail$4 ,! fir/ 0 ,bell's cle>1 /raight=w>d /ory ( ,,h[ ,,he ,,did ,,x1 :i* rebuk$ & conf\nd$ ! mob ( pret5d]s4 ,! second 0 ! hi/orical fact t ! mo/ em95t electrical sci5ti/s ( ,europe & ,am]ica _h se5 ,bell's telephone at ! ,c5t5nial & _h decl>$ x to be ,,new--n only new b m>vell\s1 said ,tyndall4 ,& ! ?ird 0 ! v significant fact t no "o *all5g$ ,bell's claim to be ! orig9al inv5tor ( ! telephone until 8 pat5t 0 sev5te5 mon?s old4 ,! pat5t itself1 too1 0 a rem>kable docum5t4 ,x 0 a ,gibralt> ( security to ! ,bell ,company4 ,= elev5 ye>s x 0 attack$ f all sides1 & nev] d5t$4 ,x cov]$ an entire art1 yet x 0 su/a9$ dur+ its :ole lifetime4 ,pr9t$ 9 full1 x w\ld make t5 pages ( ?is book2 b ! core ( x is 9 ! la/ s5t5ce3 ,! me?od (1 & app>atus =1 transmitt+ vocal or o!r s\nds telegraphically1 by caus+ electrical undulations1 simil> 9 =m to ! vibrations ( ! air accompany+ ! said vocal or o!r s\nds4 ,^! words express$ an idea t _h nev] be5 writt5 be=e4 ,x c\ld n be evad$ or ov]come4 ,!re 7 only ?irty-two words1 b 9 six ye>s ^! words repres5t$ an inve/m5t ( a million doll>s apiece4 ,n[ t ! clamor ( ?is great pat5t w> has di$ away1 x is evid5t t ,bell receiv$ no m cr$it & no m rew>d ?an he des]v$4 ,!re 0 no telephone until he made "o1 & s9ce he made "o1 no "o has f\nd out any o!r way4 ,hundr$s ( clev] m5 h be5 try+ = m ?an ?irty ye>s to outrival ,bell1 & yet e telephone 9 ! _w is /ill made on ! plan t ,bell discov]$4 ,no inv5tor :o prec$$ ,bell did m1 9 ! inv5tion ( ! telephone1 ?an to help ,bell indirectly1 9 ! same way t ,fra ,mauro & ,toscanelli help$ 9 ! discov]y ( ,am]ica by mak+ ! map & *>t t 7 us$ by ,columbus4 ,bell 0 help$ by 8 fa!r1 :o taught him ! laws ( ac\/ics2 by ,helmholtz1 :o taught him ! influ5ce ( magnets ^u s\nd vibrations2 by ,ko5ig & ,leon ,scott1 :o taught him ! inf9ite v>iety ( ^! vibrations2 by ,dr4 ,cl>5ce ,j4 ,blake1 :o gave him a human e> = 8 exp]im5ts2 & by ,joseph ,h5ry & ,sir ,*>les ,:eat/one1 :o enc\rag$ him to p]sev]e4 ,9 a /ill m indirect way1 he 0 help$ by ,morse's inv5tion ( ! telegraph2 by ,f>aday's discov]y ( ! ph5om5a ( magnetic induction2 by ,/urgeon's fir/ electro-magnet2 & by ,volta's electric batt]y4 ,all t sci5ti/s _h a*iev$1 f ,galileo & ,newton to ,frankl9 & ,simon ,newcomb1 help$ ,bell 9 a g5]al way1 by creat+ a sci5tific atmosph]e & habit ( ?\ght4 ,b 9 ! actual mak+ ( ! telephone1 !re 0 no "o ) ,bell nor be=e him4 ,he inv5t$ x fir/1 & alone4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,! ,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,art ,f\r wire-us+ bus9esses 7 already 9 ! field :5 ! telephone 0 born3 ! fire-al>m1 burgl>-al>m1 telegraph1 & mess5g]-boy s]vice2 & at fir/1 z might h be5 expect$1 ! humble little telephone 0 huddl$ 9 ) ^! bus9esses z a sort ( poor relation4 ,to ! g5]al public1 x 0 a m]e sci5tific toy2 b !re 7 a few m51 n _m1 9 ^! wire-/r++ trades1 :o saw a glimm]+ *ance ( creat+ a telephone bus9ess4 ,!y put telephones on ! wires t 7 !n 9 use4 ,z ^! became popul>1 !y add$ o!rs4 ,ea* ( _! cu/om]s wi%$ to be able to talk to e "o else4 ,& s1 hav+ und]tak5 to give telephone s]vice1 !y pres5tly f\nd !mselves battl+ ) ! mo/ intricate & baffl+ eng9e]+ problem ( mod]n times--! con/ruction ar\nd ! tele-phone ( su* a me*anism z w\ld br+ x into univ]sal s]vice4 ,! fir/ ( ^! m5 0 ,?omas ,a4 ,watson1 ! "y me*anic :o _h be5 hir$ z ,bell's help]4 ,he began a "w t to-day requires an army ( tw5ty-six ?\s& p4 ,he 0 = a c\ple ( ye>s ! total eng9e]+ & manufactur+ dep>tm5t ( ! telephone bus9ess1 & by #ahhj _h tak5 out sixty pat5ts = 8 own sugge/ions4 ,x 0 ,watson :o took ! telephone z ,bell _h made x1 really a toy1 ) its diaphragm s delicate t a w>m brea? w\ld put x out ( ord]1 & t\gh5$ x into a m rugg$ ma*9e4 ,bell _h us$ a disc ( fragile gold-beat]s' sk9 ) a pat* ( %eet-iron glu$ to ! c5tre4 ,he c\ld n believe1 = a "t1 t a disc ( all-iron w\ld vibrate "u ! slight influ5ce ( a spok5 ^w4 ,b he & ,watson notic$ t :5 ! pat* 0 bigg] ! talk+ 0 bett]1 & pres5tly !y ?rew away ! gold-beat]s' sk9 & us$ ! iron alone4 ,also1 x 0 ,watson :o sp5t mon?s exp]im5t+ ) all sorts & sizes ( iron discs1 s z to get ! "o t w\ld be/ convey ! s\nd4 ,if ! iron 0 too ?ick1 he discov]$1 ! voice 0 %rill$ into a ,pun*-&-,judy squeal2 & if x 0 too ?91 ! voice became a holl[ & sepul*ral groan1 z if ! speak] _h 8 head 9 a b>rel4 ,o!r mon?s1 too1 7 sp5t 9 f9d+ out ! prop] size & %ape = ! air cavity 9 front ( ! disc4 ,& s1 aft] ! telephone _h be5 p]fect$1 ,,9 ,,pr9ciple1 a full ye> 0 requir$ to lift x out ( ! class ( sci5tific toys1 & ano!r ye> or two to pres5t x prop]ly to ! bus9ess _w4 ,until #ahgh all ,bell telephone app>atus 0 made by ,watson 9 ,*>les ,williams's little %op 9 ,c\rt ,/reet1 ,bo/on--a build+ long s9ce trans=m$ into a five-c5t !atre4 ,b ! bus9ess soon grew too big = ! %op4 ,ord]s fell five weeks beh9d4 ,ag5ts /orm$ & frett$4 ,"s action _h to be tak5 quickly1 s lic5ses 7 giv5 to f\r o!r manufactur]s to make bells1 swit*bo>ds1 & s =?4 ,by ?is "t ! ,we/]n ,electric ,company ( ,*icago _h begun to make ! infr++ ,gray-,edison telephones = ! ,we/]n ,union1 s t !re 7 soon six gr\ps ( me*anics puzzl+ _! wits ov] ! new talk-ma*9]y4 ,by #ahhj !re 0 pl5ty ( telephonic app>atus be+ made1 b 9 too _m diff]5t v>ieties4 ,n all ! summ] g[ns ( t ye> pres5t$ m /yles & fancies4 ,! next /ep1 if !re 0 to be any degree ( uni=mity1 0 pla9ly to buy & consolidate ^! six companies2 & by #ahha ,vail _h done ?is4 ,x 0 ! fir/ m]g] 9 telephone hi/ory4 ,x 0 a /ep ( imm5se importance4 ,_h x n be5 tak51 ! telephone bus9ess w\ld h be5 torn into fragm5ts by ! civil w>s betwe5 rival inv5tors4 ,f ?is "t ! ,we/]n ,electric became ! headqu>t]s ( telephonic app>atus4 ,x 0 ! ,big ,%op1 all roads l$ to x4 ,no matt] :]e a new idea 0 born1 soon] or lat] x came knock+ at ! door ( ! ,we/]n ,electric to receive a mat]ial body4 ,"h 7 ! skill$ workm5 :o became ! h&s ( ! telephone bus9ess4 ,& "h1 too1 7 _m ( ! able/ inv5tors & eng9e]s1 :o did mo/ to develop ! cables & swit*bo>ds ( to-day4 ,9 ,bo/on1 ,watson _h resign$ 9 #ahhb1 & 9 8 place1 a ye> or two lat] /ood a timely new arrival nam$ ,e4 ,t4 ,gillil&4 ,?is really notable man 0 a fri5d 9 ne$ to ! telephone4 ,he _h be5 a manufactur] ( electrical app>atus 9 ,indianapolis1 until ,vail's policy ( consolidation drew him into ! c5tral gr\p ( pione]s & pa?f9d]s4 ,= five ye>s ,gillil& l$ ! way z a develop] ( bett] & *eap] equipm5t4 ,he made ! be/ ( a mo/ difficult situation4 ,he 0 s h&y1 s res\rceful1 t he inv>iably f\nd a way to unravel ! me*anical tangles t p]plex$ ! fir/ telephone ag5ts1 & ?is1 too1 )\t compell+ !m to sp5d l>ge sums ( capital4 ,he took ! ideas & app>atus t 7 !n 9 exi/5ce1 & us$ !m to c>ry ! telephone bus9ess ?r\gh ! mo/ critical p]iod ( its life1 :5 !re 0 little "t or money to risk on exp]im5ts4 ,he took ! peg swit*bo>d ( ! telegraph1 = 9-/ance1 & develop$ x to its highe/ po9t1 to a po9t t 0 n ev5 imag9$ possible by any "o else4 ,x 0 ! mo/ practical & complete swit*bo>d ( its day1 & held ! field aga9/ all com]s until x 0 sup]s$$ by ! mod]n type ( bo>d1 va/ly m elaborate & exp5sive4 ,by #ahhd1 ga!r$ ar\nd ,gillil& 9 ,bo/on & ! ,we/]n ,electric 9 ,*icago1 !re came to be a gr\p ( me*anics & high-s*ool graduates1 v "y m51 mo/ly1 :o _h no reputations to lose2 & :o1 p>tly = a liv+ & ma9ly = a l>k1 plung$ into ! difficulties ( ?is new bus9ess t _h at t "t little hi/ory & less pre/ige4 ,^! "y adv5tur]s1 mo/ ( :om are /ill alive1 became ! mak]s ( indu/rial hi/ory4 ,!y 7 unque/ionably ! f\nd]s ( ! pres5t sci5ce ( telephone eng9e]+4 ,! problem t !y da%$ at s ligh!>t$ly 0 mu* l>g] ?an any ( !m imag9$4 ,x 0 a ,gibralt> ( impossibilities4 ,x 0 on ! face ( x a fanta/ic nightm>e ( a task--to weave su* a web ( wires1 ) int]lock+ c5tres1 z w\ld put any "o telephone 9 t\* ) e o!r4 ,!re 0 no help = !m 9 books or colleges4 ,watson1 :o _h acquir$ a little k1 _h become a %ipbuild]4 ,electrical eng9e]+1 z a pr(ession1 0 unborn4 ,& z = _! telegraphic exp]i5ce1 :ile x c]ta9ly help$ !m = a "t1 x />t$ !m 9 ! wrong direction & l$ !m to d _m ?+s :i* _h aft]w>ds to be undone4 ,! peculi> electric curr5t t ^! "y pa?f9d]s _h to deal ) is p]haps ! quicke/1 feeble/1 & mo/ elusive =ce 9 ! _w4 ,x is s amaz+ a ?+ t any description ( x seems irrational4 ,x is z g5tle z a t\* ( a baby sunbeam1 & z swift z ! lightn+ fla%4 ,x is s small t ! electric curr5t ( a s+le inc&esc5t lamp is great] #ejj1jjj1jjj times4 ,cool a spoonful ( hot wat] j "o degree1 & ! en]gy set free by ! cool+ w op]ate a telephone = t5 ?\s& ye>s4 ,cat* ! fall+ te>-drop ( a *ild1 & !re w be suffici5t wat]-p[] to c>ry a spok5 message f "o city to ano!r4 ,su* is ! t9y ,g5ie ( ! ,wire t _h to be protect$ & tra9$ into ob$i5ce4 ,x 0 ! mo/ def5celess ( all electric sprites1 & x _h s _m enemies4 ,enemies6 ,! _w 0 popul\s ) its enemies4 ,!re 0 ! lightn+1 its eld] bro!r1 /rik+ at x ) murd]\s bl[s4 ,!re 7 ! telegraphic & light-&-p[] curr5ts1 its /rong & malici\s c\s9s1 *as+ & assault+ x :5ev] x v5tur$ too ne>4 ,!re 7 ra9 & sleet & sn[ & e sort ( moi/ure1 ly+ 9 wait to abduct x4 ,!re 7 riv]s & trees & flecks ( du/4 ,x seem$ z if all ! kn[n & unkn[n ag5cies ( nature 7 9 conspiracy to ?w>t or annihilate ?is g5tle little mess5g] :o _h be5 conjur$ into life by ! wiz>dry ( ,alex&] ,graham ,bell4 ,all t ^! "y m5 _h receiv$ f ,bell & ,watson 0 t "p ( ! telephone t we call ! receiv]4 ,?is 0 practically ! sum total ( ,bell's inv5tion1 & rema9s to-day z he made x4 ,x 0 !n1 & is yet1 ! mo/ s5sitive in/rum5t t has ev] be5 put to g5]al use 9 any c\ntry4 ,x op5$ up a new _w ( s\nd4 ,x w\ld e*o ! tramp ( a fly t walk$ across a table1 or repeat 9 ,new ,orleans ! prattle ( a *ild 9 ,new ,york4 ,?is 0 :at ! "y m5 receiv$1 & ?is 0 all4 ,!re 7 no swit*bo>ds ( any acc\nt1 no cables ( any value1 no wires t 7 9 any s5se adequate1 no !ory ( te/s or signals1 no ex*anges1 ,,no ,,telephone ,,sy/em ,,( ,,any ,,sort ,,:atev]4 ,z = ,bell's fir/ telephone l9es1 !y 7 z simple z clo!s-l9es4 ,ea* %ort little wire /ood by itself1 ) "o in/rum5t at ea* end4 ,!re 7 no op]ators1 swit*bo>ds1 or ex*anges4 ,b !re _h n[ come a "t :5 m ?an two p]sons want$ to be 9 ! same conv]sational gr\p4 ,?is 0 a l>g] use ( ! telephone2 & :ile ,bell himself _h =ese5 x1 he _h n work$ out a plan :]eby x c\ld be c>ri$ out4 ,"h 0 ! new problem1 & a mo/ /up5d\s "o--h[ to l9k toge!r ?ree telephones1 or ?ree hundr$1 or ?ree ?\s&1 or ?ree million1 s t any two ( !m c\ld be jo9$ at a mom5t's notice4 ,& t 0 n all4 ,^! "y m5 _h n only to battle aga9/ my/]y & ! p[]s ( ! air2 !y _h n only to protect _! t9y electric mess5g]1 & to create a sy/em ( wire highways along :i* he c\ld run up & d[n safely2 !y _h to d m4 ,!y _h to make ?is sy/em s simple & fool-pro( t e "o--e "o except ! deaf & dumb--c\ld use x )\t any previ\s exp]i5ce4 ,!y _h to educate ,bell's ,g5ie ( ! ,wire s t he w\ld n only obey 8 ma/]s1 b anybody--anybody :o c\ld speak to him 9 any language4 ,no d\bt1 if ! "y m5 _h /opp$ to consid] _! life-"w z a :ole1 "s ( !m might h turn$ back4 ,b !y _h no "t to philosophize4 ,!y 7 l ! boy :o le>ns h[ to swim by be+ pu%$ into deep wat]4 ,once ! telephone bus9ess 0 />t$1 x _h to be kept go+2 & z x grew1 !re came "o aft] ano!r a s]ies ( conge/ions4 ,two c\rses 7 op52 ei!r ! bus9ess _h to be kept d[n to suit ! app>atus1 or ! app>atus _h to be develop$ to keep pace ) ! bus9ess4 ,! telephone m51 mo/ ( !m1 at lea/1 *ose developm5t2 & ! brilliant inv5tions t aft]w>ds made "s ( !m fam\s 7 compell$ by %e] necessity & desp]ation4 ,! fir/ notable improvem5t ^u ,bell's inv5tion 0 ! mak+ ( ! transmitt]1 9 #ahgg1 by ,emile ,b]l9]4 ,?is1 too1 0 a romance4 ,b]l9]1 z a poor ,g]man y\? ( n9ete51 _h l&$ 9 ,ca/le ,g>d5 9 #ahgj to seek 8 =tune4 ,he got a job z a sort ( bottle-wa%] at six doll>s a week1 he says1 9 a *emical %op 9 ,new ,york4 ,at nights he /udi$ sci5ce 9 ! free classes ( ,coop] ,union4 ,!n a druggi/ nam$ ,engel gave him a copy ( ,mull]'s book on physics1 :i* 0 precisely ! /imulus ne$$ by 8 creative bra94 ,9 #ahgf he 0 fasc9at$ by ! telephone1 & set out to con/ruct "o on a diff]5t plan4 ,sev]al mon?s lat] he _h succe$$ & 0 ov]joy$ to receive 8 fir/ pat5t = a telephone transmitt]4 ,he _h by ?is "t climb$ up f 8 bottle-wa%+ to be a cl]k 9 a drygoods /ore 9 ,wa%+ton2 b he 0 /ill poor & z unpractical z mo/ inv5tors4 ,joseph ,h5ry1 ! ,sage ( ! ,am]ican sci5tific _w1 0 8 fri5d1 ?\gh too old to give him any help4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 ,edison1 two weeks lat]1 also inv5t$ a transmitt]1 ! prior claim ( ,b]l9] 0 = a "t :olly ignor$4 ,lat] ! ,bell ,company b\ght ,b]l9]'s pat5t & took up 8 side ( ! case4 ,!re 0 a seem+ly endless succession ( delays--f\rte5 ye>s ( ! mo/ vexati\s delays--until f9ally ! ,supreme ,c\rt ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates rul$ t ,b]l9]1 & n ,edison1 0 ! orig9al inv5tor ( ! transmitt]4 ,f fir/ to la/1 ! transmitt] has be5 ! product ( sev]al m9ds4 ,its basic idea is ! v>y+ ( ! electric curr5t by v>y+ ! pressure betwe5 two po9ts4 ,bell unque/ionably sugge/$ x 9 8 fam\s pat5t1 :5 he wrote ( increas+ & dim9i%+ ! resi/ance4 ,b]l9] 0 ! fir/ actually to con/ruct "o4 ,edison greatly improv$ x by us+ s(t c>bon in/ead ( a /eel po9t4 ,a ,k5tucky pr(essor1 ,david ,e4 ,hughes1 />t$ a new l9e ( developm5t by adapt+ a ,bell telephone into a microphone1 a fanta/ic little in/rum5t t w\ld detect ! noise made by a fly 9 walk+ across a table4 ,francis ,blake1 ( ,bo/on1 *ang$ a microphone into a practical transmitt]4 ,! ,rev4 ,h5ry ,hunn+s1 an ,engli% cl]gyman1 hit ^u ! happy idea ( us+ c>bon 9 ! =m ( small granules4 ,& "o ( ! ,bell exp]ts1 nam$ ,:ite1 improv$ ! ,hunn+s transmitt] into its pres5t %ape4 ,bo? transmitt] & receiv] seem n[ to be z complete an artificial tongue & e> z human +5uity c make !m4 ,!y h p]si/5tly gr[n m elaborate1 until today a telephone set1 z x /&s on a desk1 conta9s z _m z "o hundr$ & ?irty sep>ate pieces1 z well z a saltspoonful ( gli/5+ granules ( c>bon4 ,next aft] ! transmitt] came ! problem ( ! ,,my/]i\s ,,noises4 ,?is 01 p]haps1 ! mo/ weird & my/ify+ ( all ! telephone problems4 ,! fact 0 t ! telephone _h br\ght )9 he>+ di/ance a new wond]-_w ( s\nd4 ,all wires at t "t 7 s+le1 & ran into ! e>? at ea* end1 mak+ :at 0 call$ a gr\nd$ circuit4 ,& ?is connection ) ! e>?1 :i* is really a big magnet1 caus$ all mann] ( /range & unc\? noises on ! telephone wires4 ,noises6 ,su* a jangle ( mean+less noises _h nev] be5 he>d by human e>s4 ,!re 7 splutt]+ & bubbl+1 j]k+ & rasp+1 :i/l+ & scream+4 ,!re 7 ! ru/l+ ( leaves1 ! croak+ ( frogs1 ! hiss+ ( /eam1 & ! flapp+ ( birds' w+s4 ,!re 7 clicks f telegraph wires1 scraps ( talk f o!r telephones1 & curi\s little squeals t 7 unlike any kn[n s\nd4 ,! l9es runn+ ea/ & we/ 7 noisi] ?an ! l9es runn+ nor? & s\?4 ,! night 0 noisi] ?an ! day1 & at ! gho/ly h\r ( midnight1 = :at /range reason no "o kn[s1 ! babel 0 at its height4 ,watson1 :o _h a fanciful m9d1 sugge/$ t p]haps ^! s\nds 7 signals f ! inhabitants ( ,m>s or "s o!r sociable planet4 ,b ! matt]-(-fact "y telephoni/s agre$ to lay ! blame on induction--a hazy ^w :i* usually meant ! natural m$dlesom5ess ( electricity4 ,:atev] else ! my/]i\s noises 71 !y 7 a nuisance4 ,! poor little telephone bus9ess 0 plagu$ almo/ out ( its s5ses4 ,x 0 l a dog ) a t9 c ti$ to its tail4 ,no matt] :]e x w5t1 x 0 pursu$ by ?is une>?ly clatt]4 ,we 7 a%am$ to pres5t our bills1 said ,a4 ,a4 ,adee1 "o ( ! fir/ ag5ts2 = no matt] h[ pla9ly a man talk$ into 8 telephone1 8 language 0 apt to s\nd l ,*octaw at ! o!r end ( ! l9e4 ,all mann] ( devices 7 solemnly tri$ to hu% ! wires1 & ea* "o usually prov$ to be z futile z an incantation4 ,:at 0 to be done8 ,/ep by /ep ! telephone m5 7 driv5 back4 ,!y 7 beat54 ,!re 0 no way to sil5ce ^! noises4 ,reluctantly1 !y agre$ t ! only way 0 to pull up ! ends ( ea* wire f ! ta9t$ e>?1 & jo9 !m by a second wire4 ,?is 0 ! metallic circuit idea4 ,x meant an appall+ increase 9 ! use ( wire4 ,x w\ld compel ! rebuild-+ ( ! swit*bo>ds & ! inv5tion ( new signal sy/ems4 ,b x 0 inevitable2 & 9 #ahhc1 :ile ! dispute ab\t x 0 9 full bla/1 "o ( ! "y m5 quietly slipp$ x into use on a new l9e betwe5 ,bo/on & ,provid5ce4 ,! effect 0 magical4 ,at la/1 said ! delight$ manag]1 we h a p]fectly quiet l9e4 ,?is "y man1 a small1 slim y\? :o 0 tw5ty-two ye>s old & look$ y\ng]1 0 no o!r ?an ,j4 ,j4 ,c>ty1 n[ ! fir/ ( telephone eng9e]s & almo/ ! creator ( 8 pr(ession4 ,?ree ye>s e>li] he _h timidly ask$ = a job z op]ator 9 ! ,bo/on ex*ange1 at five doll>s a week1 & _h %[n su* an aptitude = ! "w t he 0 soon made "o ( ! capta9s4 ,at ?irty ye>s ( age he became a c5tral figure 9 ! developm5t ( ! art ( telephony4 ,:at ,c>ty has done is kn[n by telephone m5 9 all c\ntries2 b ! /ory ( ,c>ty himself--:o he is1 & :y--is new4 ,fir/ ( all1 he is ,iri%1 pure ,iri%4 ,8 fa!r _h left ,irel& z a boy 9 #ahbe4 ,dur+ ! ,civil ,w> 8 fa!r made guns 9 ! city ( ,cambridge1 :]e "y ,john ,joseph 0 born2 & aft]w>ds he made bells = *ur* /eeples4 ,he 0 in/9ctively a me*anic & pr\d ( 8 call+4 ,he c\ld tell ! weight ( a bell f ! s\nd ( x4 ,moses ,g4 ,f>m]1 ! electrical inv5tor1 & ,h[e1 ! creator ( ! sew+-ma*9e1 7 8 fri5ds4 ,at five ye>s ( age1 little ,john ,j4 ,c>ty 0 tak5 by 8 fa!r to ! %op :]e ! bells 7 made1 & he 0 pr(\ndly impress$ by ! magical /r5g? ( a big magnet1 t pick$ up heavy weights z ?\gh !y 7 fea!rs4 ,at ! high s*ool 8 favorite /udy 0 physics2 & = a "t he & ano!r boy nam$ ,rolfe--n[ a di/+ui%$ man ( sci5ce--c>ri$ on electrical exp]im5ts ( _! own 9 ! cell> ( ! ,rolfe h\se4 ,"h !y _h a ,tom ,?umb telegraph1 a telephone :i* !y _h v5tur$ to improve1 & a hopeless tangle ( wires4 ,:5ev] !y c\ld af=d to buy m wires & batt]ies1 !y w5t to a ne>-by /ore :i* suppli$ electrical app>atus to ! pr(essors & /ud5ts ( ,h>v>d4 ,?is /ore1 ) its work%op 9 ! re>1 seem$ to ! two boys a v]itable wond]l&2 & :5 ,c>ty1 a y\? ( eighte51 0 compell$ to leave s*ool because ( 8 bad eyesight1 he ran at once & secur$ ! glori\s job ( be+ boy-(-all-"w 9 ?is /ore ( wond]s4 ,s1 :5 he became an op]ator 9 ! ,bo/on telephone ex*ange1 a ye> lat]1 he _h already develop$ to a rem>kable degree 8 natural g5ius = telephony4 ,s9ce !n1 ,c>ty & ! telephone bus9ess h gr[n up toge!r1 he always a little di/ance 9 advance4 ,no o!r man has t\*$ ! app>atus ( telephony at s _m po9ts4 ,he f\ght d[n ! flimsy1 clumsy me?ods1 :i* l$ f "o sn>l to ano!r4 ,he f\nd out h[ to d ) wires :at ,dick5s did ) words4 ,let u d x "r1 boys1 & !n we won't h any bad dreams--?is has be5 8 motif4 ,&1 z ! cr[n & climax ( 8 "w1 he mapp$ out ! pr(ession ( telephone eng9e]+ on ! wide/ & mo/ compreh5sive l9es4 ,9 ,c>ty1 ! eng9e] evolv$ into ! educator4 ,8 end ( ! ,am]ican ,telephone & ,telegraph ,company became ! ,univ]sity ( ! ,telephone4 ,he 0 himself a /ud5t by disposition1 ) a special ta/e = ! writ+s ( ,f>aday1 ! =]unn]2 ,tyndall1 ! exp\nd]2 & ,sp5c]1 ! philosoph]4 ,& 9 #ahij1 he ga!r$ ar\nd him a w9n[$ gr\p ( college graduates--he has sixty ( !m on 8 /aff to-day--s t he might bequea? to ! telephone an eng9e]+ corps ( loyal & effici5t m54 ,! next problem t fac$ ! "y m5 ( ! telephone1 z soon z !y _h escap$ f ! clamor ( ! my/]i\s noises1 0 ! necessity ( tak+ d[n ! wires 9 ! city /reets & putt+ !m und]gr\nd4 ,at fir/1 !y _h /rung ! wires on poles & ro(-tops4 ,!y _h done ?is1 n because x 0 *eap1 b because x 0 ! only possible way1 s f> z any "o knew 9 t k9d]g>t5 p]iod4 ,a telephone wire requir$ ! da9tie/ ( h&l+4 ,to bury x 0 to smo!r x1 to make x dull or p]haps entirely useless4 ,b n[ t ! numb] ( wires _h swoll5 f hundr$s to ?\s&s1 ! ov]head me?od _h be5 outgr[n4 ,"s /reets 9 ! l>g] cities _h become black ) wires4 ,poles _h ris5 to fifty feet 9 height1 !n sixty--sev5ty--eighty4 ,f9ally ! highe/ ( all pole l9es 0 built along ,we/ ,/reet1 ,new ,york--e pole a t[]+ ,norway p9e1 ) its top n9ety feet above ! roadway1 & c>ry+ ?irty cross-arms & ?ree hundr$ wires4 ,f poles ! wires soon ov]fl[$ to h\setops1 until 9 ,new ,york alone !y _h ov]spread elev5 ?\s& ro(s4 ,^! ro(s _h to be kept 9 repair1 & _! *imneys 7 ! deadly enemies ( ! iron wires4 ,_m a wire1 9 less ?an two or ?ree ye>s1 0 )]$ to ! m]e/ %r$ ( ru/4 ,z if ^! tr\bles 7 n en\gh1 !re 7 ! /orms ( w9t]1 :i* might wipe out a ye>'s rev5ue 9 a s+le day4 ,! sleet /orms 7 ! wor/4 ,wires 7 weight$ d[n ) ice1 (t5 ?ree p\nds ( ice p] foot ( wire4 ,& s1 :at ) sleet1 & corrosion1 & ! co/ ( ro(-repair+1 & ! lack ( room = m wires1 ! telephone m5 7 betwe5 ! devil & ! deep sea--betwe5 ! urg5t necessity ( bury+ _! wires1 & ! inexorable fact t !y did n "k h[ to d x4 ,=tunately1 by ! "t t ?is problem arriv$1 ! telephone bus9ess 0 fairly well e/abli%$4 ,x _h outgr[n its e>ly days ( ridicule & incr$ulity4 ,x 0 pay+ wages & sal>ies & ev5 divid5ds4 ,evid5tly x _h arriv$ on ! sc5e 9 ! nick ( "t--aft] ! telegraph & be=e ! trolleys & electric lights4 ,_h x be5 born t5 ye>s lat]1 x might n h be5 able to survive4 ,s delicate a ?+ z a baby telephone c\ld sc>cely h protect$ itself aga9/ ! p[]ful curr5ts ( electricity t came into g5]al use 9 #ahhf1 if x _h n fir/ f\nd out a way ( hid+ safely und]gr\nd4 ,! fir/ decl>ation 9 favor ( an und]gr\nd sy/em 0 made by ! ,bo/on company 9 #ahhj4 ,x may be exp$i5t to place our entire sy/em und]gr\nd1 said ! sorely p]plex$ manag]1 :5ev] a practicable me?od is f\nd ( accompli%+3 x4 ,all mann] ( !ories 7 afloat b ,!odore ,n4 ,vail1 :o 0 usually ! man ( con/ructive imag9ation 9 em]g5cies1 began 9 #ahhb a s]ies ( actual exp]im5ts at ,attlebor\gh1 ,massa*usetts1 to f9d out exactly :at c\ld1 & :at c\ld n1 be done ) wires t 7 buri$ 9 ! e>?4 ,a five-mile tr5* 0 dug beside a railway track4 ,! "w 0 done h&ily & *eaply by ! labor-sav+ plan ( hit*+ a locomotive to a pl\gh4 ,five pl\ghs 7 j]k$ ap>t be=e ! "w 0 f9i%$4 ,!n1 into ?is tr5* 7 laid wires ) e kn[n sort ( cov]+4 ,mo/ ( !m1 naturally1 7 wrapp$ ) rubb] or gutta-p]*a1 aft] ! fa%ion ( a subm>9e cable4 ,:5 all 7 9 place1 ! will+ locomotive 0 h>ness$ to a huge wood5 drag1 :i* ?rew ! pl\gh$ soil back into ! tr5* & cov]$ ! wires a foot deep4 ,x 0 ! mo/ pr(essional cable-lay+ t any "o at t "t c\ld d1 & x succe$$1 n brilliantly1 b well en\gh to enc\rage ! telephone eng9e]s to g ahead4 ,sev]al weeks lat]1 ! fir/ two cables = actual use 7 laid 9 ,bo/on & ,brooklyn2 & 9 #ahhc ,eng9e] ,j4 ,p4 ,davis 0 set to grapple ) ! ,h]culean labor ( putt+ a complete und]gr\nd sy/em 9 ! wire-b\nd city ( ,new ,york4 ,?is he did 9 spite ( a bomb>dm5t ( explosions f leaky gas-pipes1 & ) a woeful lack ( exp]ts & /&>d mat]ials4 ,all mann] ( make%ifts _h to be tri$ 9 place ( tile ducts1 :i* 7 n kn[n 9 #ahhc4 ,iron pipe 0 us$ at fir/1 !n asphalt1 concrete1 boxes ( s& & creosot$ wood4 ,z = ! wires1 !y 7 fir/ wrapp$ 9 cotton1 & !n twi/$ into cables1 usually ( a hundr$ wires ea*4 ,& to prev5t ! lea/ ta9t ( moi/ure1 :i* means sudd5 dea? to a telephone curr5t1 ^! cables 7 inv>iably soak$ 9 oil4 ,?is oil-fill$ type ( cable c>ri$ ! telephone bus9ess safely ?r\gh half a doz5 ye>s4 ,b x 0 n ! f9al type4 ,x 0 prelim9>y only1 ! be/ t c\ld be made at t "t4 ,n "o is 9 use to-day4 ,9 #ahhh ,!odore ,vail set on foot a second s]ies ( exp]im5ts1 to see if a cable c\ld be made t 0 bett] suit$ z a highway = ! delicate electric curr5ts ( ! telephone4 ,a "y eng9e] nam$ ,john ,a4 ,b>rett1 :o _h already made 8 m>k z an exp]t1 by f9d+ a way to twi/ & transpose ! wires1 0 set ap>t to tackle ?is problem4 ,be+ an economical ,v]mont]1 ,b>rett w5t to "w 9 a little wood5 %$ 9 ! backy>d ( a ,brooklyn f\ndry4 ,9 ?is f\ndry he _h se5 a unique ma*9e t c\ld be made to m\ld hot lead ar\nd a rope ( twi/$ wires4 ,?is 0 a notable discov]y4 ,x meant ,,tight ,,cov]+s4 ,x meant a victory ov] t mo/ tr\blesome ( enemies--moi/ure4 ,also1 x meant t cables c\ld h5ce=? be made long]1 ) few] sleeves & splices1 & )\t ! oil1 :i* _h always be5 an unmitigat$ nuisance4 ,next1 hav+ made ! cable tight1 ,b>rett set out to produce x m *eaply & by accid5t /umbl$ ^u a way to make x imm5sely m effici5t4 ,all wires 7 at t "t wrapp$ ) cotton1 & 8 plan 0 to f9d "s less co/ly mat]ial t w\ld s]ve ! same purpose4 ,"o ( 8 workm51 a ,virg9ian1 sugge/$ ! use ( pap] tw9e1 :i* _h be5 us$ 9 ! ,s\? dur+ ! ,civil ,w>1 :5 cotton 0 sc>ce & exp5sive4 ,b>rett at once se>*$ ! ,s\? = pap] tw9e & f\nd x4 ,he b\ght a b>rel ( x f a small factory 9 ,ri*mond1 b aft] a trial x prov$ to be too flimsy4 ,if su* pap] c\ld be put on flat1 he reason$1 x w\ld be /rong]4 ,j !n he he>d ( an erratic g5ius :o _h an inv5tion = w9d+ pap] tape on wire = ! use ( mill9]s4 ,pap]-w\nd bonnet-wire6 ,:o c\ld imag9e any connection betwe5 ?is & ! telephone8 ,yet ?is h9t 0 exactly :at ,b>rett ne$$4 ,he exp]im5t$ until he _h devis$ a ma*9e t crumpl$ ! pap] ar\nd ! wire1 in/ead ( w9d+ x tightly4 ,?is 0 ! f9i%+ t\*4 ,= a "t ^! pap]-w\nd cables 7 soak$ 9 oil1 b 9 #ahij ,eng9e] ,f4 ,a4 ,pick]nell d>$ to tru/ to ! tightness ( ! lead %ea?+1 & laid a dry core cable1 ! fir/ ( ! mod]n type1 9 "o ( ! /reets ( ,philadelphia4 ,?is cable 0 ! ev5t ( ! ye>4 ,x 0 n only *eap]4 ,x 0 ! be/-talk+ cable t _h ev] be5 h>ness$ to a telephone4 ,:at ,b>rett _h done 0 soon made cle>4 ,by wrapp+ ! wire ) loose pap]1 he _h 9 reality cu%ion$ x ) ,,air1 :i* is ! be/ possible insulator4 ,n ! pap]1 b ! air 9 ! pap]1 _h improv$ ! cable4 ,m air 0 add$ by ! omission ( ! oil4 ,& pres5tly ,b>rett p]ceiv$ t he _h m]ely reproduc$ 9 a cable1 z f> z possible1 ! conditions ( ! ov]head wires1 :i* are sep>at$ by no?+ b air4 ,by #ahif !re 7 two hundr$ ?\s& miles ( wire snugly wrapp$ 9 pap] & ly+ 9 lead5 caskets b5ea? ! /reets ( ! cities1 & to-day !re are six million miles ( x own$ by ! affiliat$ ,bell companies4 ,in/ead ( black5+ ! /reets1 ! wire n]ves ( ! telephone are n[ out ( sight "u ! roadway1 & tw9+ into ! basem5ts ( build+s l a new sort ( metallic ivy4 ,"s cables are s l>ge t a s+le spool ( cable w weigh tw5ty-six tons & require a giant truck & a sixte5-horse team to haul x to its re/+-place4 ,z _m z twelve hundr$ wires are (t5 bun*$ into "o %ea?1 & ea* cable lies loosely 9 a little duct ( its own4 ,x is rea*$ by manholes :]e x runs "u ! /reets & 9 little swit*+-boxes plac$ at int]vals x is fray$ out into sep>ate pairs ( wires t blossom at l5g? into telephones4 ,out 9 ! op5 c\ntry !re are /ill ! op5 wires1 :i* 9 po9t ( talk+ are ! be/4 ,9 ! suburbs ( cities !re are neat gre5 po/s ) a s+le gray cable hung f a heavy wire4 ,usually1 a telephone pole is made f a sixty-ye>-old tree1 a c$>1 *e/nut1 or junip]4 ,x la/s twelve ye>s only1 s t ! "o item ( poles is /ill co/+ ! telephone companies sev]al millions a ye>4 ,! total numb] ( poles n[ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 us$ by telephone & telegraph companies1 once cov]$ an area1 be=e !y 7 cut d[n1 z l>ge z ! ,/ate ( ,rhode ,isl&4 ,b ! highe/ triumph ( wire-lay+ came :5 ,new ,york swept into ! ,skyscrap] ,age1 & :5 hundr$s ( tall build+s1 z high z ! fall ( ! wat]s ( ,niag>a1 grew up l a range ( magical cliffs ^u ! preci\s rock ( ,manhattan4 ,"h ! "w ( ! telephone eng9e] has be5 s well done t al?\gh e room 9 ^! cliff-build+s has its telephone1 !re is n a pole 9 sight1 n a cross-arm1 n a wire4 ,no?+ b ! tip-ends ( an imm5se sy/em are visible4 ,no soon] is a new skyscrap] wall$ & ro($1 ?an ! telephones are 9 place1 at once putt+ ! t5ants 9 t\* ) ! re/ ( ! city & ! great] "p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 a s+le "o ( ^! mon/r\s build+s1 ! ,hudson ,t]m9al1 !re is a cable t runs f basem5t to ro( & ravels out to rea* ?ree ?\s& desks4 ,?is mighty geys] ( wires is fifty tons 9 weight & w\ld1 if /raight5$ out into a s+le l9e1 connect ,new ,york ) ,*icago4 ,yet x is z invisible z ! n]ves & muscles ( a human body4 ,dur+ ?is evolution ( ! cable1 ev5 ! wire itself 0 be+ remade4 ,vail & o!rs _h notic$ t ( all ! v>ieties ( wire t 7 = sale1 n "o 0 exactly suitable = a telephone sy/em4 ,! fir/ telephone wire 0 ( galvaniz$ iron1 :i* _h at lea/ ! primitive virtue ( be+ *eap4 ,!n came /eel wire1 /rong] b less durable4 ,b ^! wires 7 noisy & n good conductors ( electricity4 ,an ideal telephone wire1 !y f\nd1 mu/ be made ( ei!r silv] or copp]4 ,silv] 0 out ( ! "q1 & copp] wire 0 too s(t & weak4 ,x w\ld n c>ry its own weight4 ,! problem1 !re=e1 0 ei!r to make /eel wire a bett] conductor1 or to produce a copp] wire t w\ld be /rong en\gh4 ,vail *ose ! latt]1 & =?) gave ord]s to a ,bridgeport manufactur] to beg9 exp]im5ts4 ,a "y exp]t nam$ ,?omas ,b4 ,doolittle 0 at once set to "w1 & pres5tly appe>$ ! fir/ h>d-drawn copp] wire1 made t\gh-sk9n$ by a fairly simple process4 ,vail b\ght ?irty p\nds ( x & scatt]$ x 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to note ! effect ^u x ( diff]5t climates4 ,"o l5g? ( x may /ill be se5 at ! ,vail home/ead 9 ,lyndonville1 ,v]mont4 ,!n ?is h>d-drawn wire 0 put to a sev]e te/ by be+ /rung betwe5 ,bo/on & ,new ,york4 ,?is l9e 0 a brilliant success1 & ! new wire 0 hail$ ) great delight z ! ideal s]vant ( ! telephone4 ,s9ce !n !re has be5 little tr\ble ) copp] wire1 except its price4 ,x 0 f\r times z good z iron wire1 & f\r times z exp5sive4 ,e mile ( x1 d\bl$1 weigh$ two hundr$ p\nds & co/ ?irty doll>s4 ,on ! long l9es1 :]e x _h to be z ?ick z a lead p5cil1 ! exp5se seem$ to be ru9\sly great4 ,:5 ! fir/ pair ( wires 0 /rung betwe5 ,new ,york & ,*icago1 = in/ance1 x 0 f\nd to weigh #hgj1jjj p\nds--a full load = a tw5ty-two-c> freight tra92 & ! co/ ( ! b>e metal 0 #acj1jjj4 ,s enorm\s has be5 ! use ( copp] wire s9ce !n by ! telephone companies1 t fully "o-f\r? ( all ! capital inve/$ 9 ! telephone has gone to ! own]s ( ! copp] m9es4 ,= sev]al ye>s ! bra9s ( ! telephone m5 7 focuss$ ^u ?is problem--h[ to r$uce ! exp5diture on copp]4 ,"o uncanny device1 :i* w\ld seem to be a m]e inv5tor's fantasy if x _h n already sav$ ! telephone companies f\r million doll>s or m1 is kn[n z ! phantom circuit4 ,x enables ?ree messages to run at ! same "t1 :]e only two ran be=e4 ,a d\ble track ( wires is made to c>ry ?ree talk-tra9s runn+ abrea/1 a feat made possible by ! :imsical disposition ( electricity1 & :i* is utt]ly inconceivable 9 railroad+4 ,?is inv5tion1 :i* is ! ne>e/ approa* z yet to multiple telephony1 0 conceiv$ by ,jacobs 9 ,engl& & ,c>ty 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,b ! mo/ copp] money has be5 sav$--lit]ally t5s ( millions ( doll>s--by p]suad+ ?9 wires to "w z effici5tly z ?ick ones4 ,?is has be5 done by mak+ bett] transmitt]s1 by insulat+ ! small] wires ) enamel in/ead ( silk1 & by plac+ coils ( a c]ta9 nature at int]vals ^u ! wires4 ,! inv5tion ( ?is la/ device />tl$ ! telephone m5 l a fla% ( lightn+ out ( a blue sky4 ,x came f outside--f ! quiet laboratory ( a ,columbia pr(essor :o _h arriv$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a "y ,hung>ian immigrant n _m ye>s e>li]4 ,f ?is pr(essor1 ,mi*ael ,j4 ,pup91 came ! idea ( load+ a telephone l9e1 9 su* a way z to re9=ce ! electric curr5t4 ,x enabl$ a ?9 wire to c>ry z f> z a ?ick "o1 & ?us sav$ z mu* z =ty doll>s a wire p] mile4 ,z a rew>d = 8 clev]ness1 a %[] ( gold fell ^u ,pup91 & made him 9 an in/ant z ri* z "o ( ! gr&-dukes ( 8 native l&4 ,x is n[ a mo/ highly skill$ occupation1 support+ fully fifte5 ?\s& families1 to put ! telephone wires 9 place & protect !m aga9/ innum]able dang]s4 ,?is is ! pr(ession ( ! wire *iefs & _! m51 a corps ( human spid]s1 endlessly sp9n+ ?reads "u /reets & above gre5 fields1 on ! b$s ( riv]s & ! slopes ( m\nta9s1 mass+ !m 9 cities & fluff+ !m out among f>ms & villages4 ,to tell ! do+s ( a wire *ief1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 ord9>y week's "w1 w\ld 9 itself make a lively book ( adv5tures4 ,ev5 a wa%]woman1 ) "o lone1 non-electrical clo!s-l9e ( a hundr$ y>ds to op]ate1 has (t5 en\gh tr\ble ) x4 ,b ! wire *iefs ( ! ,bell telephone h *>ge ( z mu* wire z w\ld make ,,two ,,hundr$ ,,million ,,clo!s-,,l9es--t5 apiece to e family 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates2 & ^! l9es are n punctuat$ ) clo!sp9s1 b ) ! mo/ delicate ( electrical in/rum5ts4 ,! wire *iefs mu/ detect tr\ble "u a ?\s& disguises4 ,p]haps a small boy has ?r[n a snake across ! wires or driv5 a nail into a cable4 ,p]haps "s self-reliant citiz5 has mov$ 8 own telephone f "o room to ano!r4 ,p]haps a sudd5 ra9/orm has spla%$ its fatal moi/ure ^u an unwip$ jo9t4 ,or p]haps a subm>9e cable has be5 sat ^u by ! ,lusitania & flatt5$ to dea?4 ,b no matt] :at ! tr\ble1 a telephone sy/em _c be /opp$ = repairs4 ,x _c be pick$ up & put into a dry-dock4 ,x mu/ be repair$ or improv$ by a sort ( vivisection :ile x is work+4 ,x is an int]lock+ unit1 a liv+1 consci\s be+1 half human & half ma*9e2 & an injury 9 any "o place may cause a pa9 or sickness to its :ole va/ body4 ,& j z ! p>ticles ( a human body *ange e six or sev5 ye>s1 )\t di/urb-+ ! body1 s ! p>ticles ( our telephone sy/ems h *ang$ repeat$ly )\t any int]ruption ( traffic4 ,! con/ant flood ( new inv5tions has necessitat$ sev]al complete rebuild+s4 ,little or no?+ has ev] be5 all[$ to we> out4 ,! ,new ,york sy/em 0 rebuilt ?ree times 9 sixte5 ye>s2 & _m a co/ly swit*bo>d has gone to ! scrap-heap at ?ree or f\r ye>s ( age4 ,:at ) repairs & inv5tions & new con/ruction1 ! v>i\s ,bell companies h sp5t at lea/ #dbe1jjj1jjj 9 ! fir/ t5 ye>s ( ! tw5tie? c5tury1 )\t h9d]+ = a day ! ceaseless torr5t ( electrical conv]sation4 ,! cr[n+ glory ( a telephone sy/em ( to-day is n s mu* ! simple telephone itself1 nor ! maze & mileage ( its cables1 b r ! wond]ful me*anism ( ! ,swit*bo>d4 ,?is is ! "p t w always rema9 my/]i\s to ! public4 ,x is seldom se51 & x rema9s z great a my/]y to ^? :o h se5 x z to ^? :o h n4 ,explanations ( x are futile4 ,z well might any "o expect to le>n ,sanscrit 9 half an h\r z to und]/& a swit*bo>d by mak+ a t\r ( inve/igation ar\nd x4 ,x is n l any?+ else t ei!r man or ,nature has ev] made4 ,x defies all metaphors & comp>isons4 ,x _c be %[n by photography1 n ev5 9 mov+-pictures1 because s mu* ( x is conceal$ inside its wood5 body4 ,& few p1 if any1 are initiat$ into its inn] my/]ies except ^? :o belong to its own cortege ( inv5tors & att5dants4 ,a telephone swit*bo>d is a pyramid ( inv5tions4 ,if x is full-gr[n1 x may h two million p>ts4 ,x may be lit ) fifte5 ?\s& t9y electric lamps & n]v$ ) z mu* wire z w\ld rea* f ,new ,york to ,b]l94 ,x may co/ z mu* z a ?\s& pianos or z mu* z ?ree squ>e miles ( f>ms 9 ,indiana4 ,! t5 ?\s& wire hairs ( its head are n only numb]$1 b enswa!d 9 silk1 & comb$ out 9 s m>vell\s a way t any "o ( !m c 9 a fla% be l9k$ to any o!r4 ,su* hair-dress+6 ,su* puffs & braids & r+let relays6 ,:oev] w\ld le>n ! utmo/ t may be done ) copp] hairs ( ,titian r$1 mu/ /udy ! fanta/ic coiffure ( a telephone ,swit*bo>d4 ,if !re 7 no swit*bo>d1 !re w\ld /ill be telephones1 b n a telephone sy/em4 ,to connect five ?\s& p by telephone requires five ?\s& wires :5 ! wires run to a swit*bo>d2 b )\t a swit*bo>d !re w\ld h to be #ab1dig1ejj wires--#d1iii to e telephone4 ,z well might !re be a n]ve-sy/em )\t a bra91 z a telephone sy/em )\t a swit*bo>d4 ,if !re _h be5 at fir/ two sep>ate companies1 "o own+ ! telephone & ! o!r ! swit*bo>d1 nei!r c\ld h done ! bus9ess4 ,sev]al ye>s be=e ! telephone got a swit*bo>d ( its own1 x made use ( ! bo>ds t _h be5 design$ = ! telegraph4 ,^! 7 z simple z :eelb>r[s1 & became absurdly inadequate z soon z ! telephone bus9ess began to gr[4 ,!n !re came adaptations by ! doz54 ,e telephone manag] became by compulsion an inv5tor4 ,!re 0 no s\rce ( in=mation & ea* ex*ange did ! be/ x c\ld4 ,hundr$s ( pat5ts 7 tak5 out4 ,& by #ahhd !re _h come to be a fairly def9ite idea ( :at a telephone swit*bo>d ought to be4 ,! "o man :o did mo/ to create ! swit*bo>d1 :o has be5 its devotee = m ?an ?irty ye>s1 is a c]ta9 mode/ & little kn[n inv5tor1 /ill alive & busy1 nam$ ,*>les ,e4 ,scribn]4 ,( ! n9e ?\s& swit*bo>d pat5ts1 ,scribn] holds six hundr$ or m4 ,ev] s9ce #ahgh1 :5 he devis$ ! fir/ jackknife swit*1 ,scribn] has be5 ! wiz>d ( ! swit*bo>d4 ,x 0 he :o saw mo/ cle>ly its requirem5ts4 ,hundr$s ( o!rs h help$1 b ,scribn] 0 ! "o man :o p]sev]$1 :o nev] ask$ = an easi] job1 & :o 9 ! end became ! ma/] ( 8 craft4 ,x may g f> to expla9 ! peculi> g5ius ( ,scribn] to say t he 0 born 9 #aheh1 9 ! ye> ( ! lay+ ( ! ,atlantic ,cable2 & t 8 "m 0 at ! "t pr(\ndly int]e/$ 9 ! "w & anxi\s = its success4 ,8 fa!r 0 a judge 9 ,tol$o2 b "y ,scribn] %[$ no aptitude = ! tangles ( ! law4 ,he pref]r$ ! tangles ( wire & sy/em 9 m9iature1 :i* he & sev]al o!r boys _h built & le>n$ to op]ate4 ,^! boys _h a b5efactor 9 an old ba*elor nam$ ,?omas ,bond4 ,he _h no special int]e/ 9 telegraphy4 ,he 0 a deal] 9 hides4 ,b he 0 attract$ by ! clev]ness ( ! boys & gave !m money to buy m wires & m batt]ies4 ,"o day he notic$ an inv5tion ( "y ,scribn]'s--a telegraph repeat]4 ,?is may make y\r =tune1 he said1 b no me*anic 9 ,tol$o c make a prop] model ( x = y4 ,y mu/ g to ,*icago1 :]e telegraphic app>atus is made4 ,! boy gladly took 8 advice & w5t to ! ,we/]n ,electric factory 9 ,*icago4 ,"h he accid5tally met ,enos ,m4 ,b>ton1 ! head ( ! factory4 ,b>ton not$ t ! boy 0 a g5ius & (f]$ him a job1 :i* he accept$ & has held ev] s9ce4 ,su* is ! /ory ( ! entrance ( ,*>les ,e4 ,scribn] into ! telephone bus9ess1 :]e he has be5 well-nigh indisp5sable4 ,8 monum5tal "w has be5 ! developm5t ( ! ,,multiple ,swit*bo>d1 a mu* m bra9-twi/+ problem ?an ! build+ ( ! ,pyramids or ! digg+ ( ! ,panama ,canal4 ,! e>li] types ( swit*bo>d _h become too cumb]some by #ahhe4 ,!y 7 well en\gh = five hundr$ wires b n = five ?\s&4 ,9 "s ex*anges z _m z half a doz5 op]ators 7 necess>y to h&le a s+le call2 & ! clamor & confusion 7 becom+ unbe>able4 ,"s h&i] & quiet] way _h to be devis$1 & ?us arose ! ,multiple bo>d4 ,! fir/ crude idea ( su* a way _h sprung to life 9 ! bra9 ( a ,*icago man nam$ ,l4 ,b4 ,firman1 9 #ahgi2 b he became a f>m] & =sook 8 inv5tion 9 its infancy4 ,9 ! ,multiple bo>d1 z x grew up "u ! h&s ( ,scribn]1 ! outgo+ wires are duplicat$ s z to be )9 rea* ( e op]ator4 ,a local call c ?us be answ]$ at once by ! op]ator :o receives x2 & any op]ator :o is ov]:elm$ by a sudd5 ru% ( bus9ess c be help$ by h] companions4 ,e wire t comes into ! bo>d is tassell$ out into _m ends1 & by means ( a busy te/1 inv5t$ by ,scribn]1 only "o ( ^! ends c be put into use at a "t4 ,! normal limit ( su* a bo>d is t5 ?\s& wires1 & w always rema9 s1 unless a race ( long-arm$ giantesses %\ld appe>1 :o w\ld be able to rea* ov] a great] expanse ( bo>d4 ,at pres5t1 a bus9ess ( m ?an t5 ?\s& l9es means a second ex*ange4 ,! ,multiple bo>d 0 enorm\sly exp5sive4 ,x grew m & m elaborate until x co/ "o-?ird ( a million doll>s4 ,! telephone m5 rack$ _! bra9s to produce some?+ *eap] to take its place1 & !y fail$4 ,! ,multiple bo>ds swall[$ up capital z a des]t swall[s wat]1 b ,,!y ,,sav$ ,,t5 ,,seconds ,,on ,,e ,,call4 ,?is 0 an unansw]able argum5t 9 _! favor1 & by #ahhg tw5ty-"o ( !m 7 9 use4 ,s9ce !n1 ! swit*bo>d has _h ?ree or f\r rebuild+s4 ,!re has seem$ to be no limit to ! dem&s ( ! public or ! f]tility ( ,scribn]'s bra94 ,p]si/5t *anges 7 made 9 ! sy/em ( signall+4 ,! fir/ signal1 us$ by ,bell & ,watson1 0 a tap on ! diaphragm ) ! f+]-nail4 ,soon aft]-w>ds came a buzz]1 & !n ! magneto-electric bell4 ,9 #ahhg ,joseph ,o',connell1 ( ,*icago1 conceiv$ ( ! use ( t9y electric lights z signals1 a brilliant idea1 z an electric light makes no noise & c be se5 ei!r by night or by day4 ,9 #aija1 ,j4 ,j4 ,c>ty inv5t$ ! bridg+ bell1 a way to put f\r h\ses on a s+le wire1 ) a diff]5t signal = ea* h\se4 ,?is idea made ! p>ty l9e practicable1 & at once creat$ a boom 9 ! use ( ! telephone by ent]pris+ f>m]s4 ,9 #ahif !re came a mo/ revolution>y *ange 9 swit*bo>ds4 ,all ?+s 7 made new4 ,in/ead ( individual batt]ies1 "o at ea* telephone1 a l>ge common batt]y 0 in/all$ 9 ! ex*ange itself4 ,?is meant bett] signall+ & bett] talk+4 ,x r$uc$ ! co/ ( batt]ies & put !m 9 *>ge ( exp]ts4 ,x e/abli%$ uni=mity4 ,x introduc$ ! f$]al idea into ! me*anism ( a telephone sy/em4 ,be/ ( all1 x sav$ ,,f\r ,,seconds ,,on ,,e ,,call4 ,! fir/ ( ^! c5traliz+ swit*bo>ds 0 put 9 place at ,philadelphia2 & o!r cities foll[$ suit z fa/ z !y c\ld af=d ! exp5se ( rebuild+4 ,s9ce !n1 !re h come "s swit*bo>ds t are :olly automatic4 ,few ( ^! h be5 put into use1 = ! reason t a swit*bo>d1 l a human body1 mu/ be semi-automatic only4 ,to give ! mo/ effici5t s]vice1 !re w always ne$ to be an exp]t to /& betwe5 x & ! public4 ,z ! f9al result ( all ^! v>y+ *anges 9 swit*bo>ds & signals & batt]ies1 !re grew up ! mod]n ,telephone ,ex*ange4 ,?is is ! sol> plexus ( ! telephone body4 ,x is ! vital spot4 ,x is ! home ( ! swit*bo>d4 ,x is n any "o's inv5tion1 z ! telephone 04 ,x is a gr[+ me*anism t is n yet f9i%$1 & may nev] be2 b x has already evolv$ f> en\gh to be "o ( ! wond]s ( ! electrical _w4 ,!re is probably no o!r "p ( an ,am]ican city's equipm5t t is z s5sitive & effici5t z a telephone ex*ange4 ,! idea ( ! ex*ange is some:at old] ?an ! idea ( ! telephone itself4 ,!re 7 communication ex*anges be=e ! inv5tion ( ! telephone4 ,?omas ,b4 ,doolittle _h "o 9 ,bridgeport1 us+ telegraph in/rum5ts ,?omas ,b4 ,a4 ,david _h "o 9 ,pittsburg1 us+ pr9t+-telegraph ma*9es1 :i* requir$ little skill to op]ate4 ,& ,william ,a4 ,*ilds _h a ?ird1 = lawy]s only1 9 ,new ,york1 :i* us$ dials at fir/ & aft]w>ds pr9t+ ma*9es4 ,^! little ex*anges _h set out to d ! "w t is done to-day by ! telephone1 & !y did x aft] a fa%ion1 9 a mo/ crude & exp5sive way4 ,!y help$ to prep>e ! way = ! telephone1 by build+ up small con/itu5cies t 7 ready = ! telephone :5 x arriv$4 ,bell himself 0 p]haps ! fir/ to see ! future ( ! telephone ex*ange4 ,9 a lett] writt5 to "s ,engli% capitali/s 9 #ahgh1 he said3 ,x is possible to connect e man's h\se1 (fice or factory ) a c5tral /ation1 s z to give him direct communication ) 8 neighbors4444 ,x is conceivable t cables ( telephone wires c\ld be laid und]gr\nd1 or susp5d$ ov]head1 connect+ by bran* wires ) private dwell+s1 %ops1 etc41 & unit+ !m ?r\gh ! ma9 cable ) a c5tral (fice4 ,?is rem>kable prophecy has n[ become /ale read+1 z /ale z ,d>w9's ,orig9 ( ,species1 or ,adam ,smi?'s ,weal? ( ,nations4 ,b at ! "t t x 0 writt5 x 0 a mo/ fanciful dream4 ,:5 ! fir/ infant ex*ange = telephone s]vice 0 born 9 ,bo/on1 9 #ahgg1 x 0 ! t9y (fspr+ ( a burgl>-al>m bus9ess op]at$ by ,e4 ,t4 ,holmes1 a "y man ^: fa!r _h orig9at$ ! idea ( protect+ prop]ty by electric wires 9 #aheh4 ,holmes 0 ! fir/ practical man :o d>$ to (f] telephone s]vice = sale4 ,he _h obta9$ two telephones1 numb]s six & sev51 ! fir/ five hav+ gone to ! junk-heap2 & he atta*$ ^! to a wire 9 8 burgl>-al>m (fice4 ,= two weeks 8 bus9ess fri5ds play$ ) ! telephones1 l boys ) a fasc9at+ toy2 !n ,holmes nail$ up a new %elf 9 8 (fice1 & on ?is %elf plac$ six box-telephones 9 a r[4 ,^! c\ld be swit*$ into connection ) ! burgl>-al>m wires & any two ( ! six wires c\ld be jo9$ by a wire cord4 ,no?+ c\ld h be5 simpl]1 b x 0 ! arrival ( a new idea 9 ! bus9ess _w4 ,! ,holmes ex*ange 0 on ! top floor ( a little build+1 & 9 almo/ e o!r city ! fir/ ex*ange 0 z ne> ! ro( z possible1 p>tly to save r5t & p>tly because mo/ ( ! wires 7 /rung on ro(-tops4 ,z ! telephone itself _h be5 born 9 a cell>1 s ! ex*ange 0 born 9 a g>ret4 ,usually1 too1 ea* ex*ange 0 an (f-%oot ( "s o!r wire-us+ bus9ess4 ,x 0 a m$ley ( make%ifts4 ,almo/ e "p ( its outfit _h be5 made = o!r uses4 ,9 ,*icago all calls came 9 to "o boy1 :o bawl$ !m up a speak+-tube to ! op]ators4 ,9 ano!r city a boy receiv$ ! calls1 wrote !m on :ite alleys1 & roll$ !m to ! boys at ! swit*bo>d4 ,!re 0 no numb] sy/em4 ,e "o 0 call$ by "n4 ,ev5 z late z #ahhj1 :5 ,new ,york boa/$ fifte5 hundr$ telephones1 names 7 /ill 9 use4 ,& z ! fir/ telephones 7 us$ bo? z transmitt]s & receiv]s1 !re 0 usually po/$ up a rule t 0 highly important3 ,don't ,talk ) y\r ,e> or ,li/5 ) y\r ,m\?4 ,to describe "o ( ^? e>ly telephone ex*anges 9 ! sil5ce ( a pr9t$ page is a :olly impossible ?+4 ,no?+ b a language ( noise c\ld convey ! prop] impression4 ,an editor :o visit$ ! ,*icago ex*ange 9 #ahgi said ( x3 ,! racket is almo/ deaf5+4 ,boys are ru%+ madly hi!r & ?i!r1 :ile o!rs are putt+ 9 or tak+ out pegs f a c5tral framework z if !y 7 lunatics engag$ 9 a game ( fox & geese4 ,9 ! same ye> ,e4 ,j4 ,hall wrote f ,buffalo t 8 ex*ange ) twelve boys _h become a p]fect ,b$lam4 ,by ! clumsy me?ods ( ^? days1 f two to six boys 7 ne$$ to h&le ea* call4 ,& z !re 0 usually m or less ( a cat-&-dog squabble betwe5 ! boys & ! public1 ) e "o yell+ at ! top ( 8 voice1 x may be imag9$ t a telephone ex*ange 0 a l\d & frantic place4 ,boys1 z op]ators1 prov$ to be mo/ complete & consi/5t failures4 ,_! s9s ( omission & commission w\ld fill a book4 ,:at ) :ittl+ ! swit*bo>ds1 swe>+ at subscrib]s1 play+ tricks ) ! wires1 & ro>+ on all occasions l "y bulls ( ,ba%an1 ! boys 9 ! fir/ ex*anges did _! full %>e 9 add+ to ! tr\bles ( ! bus9ess4 ,no?+ c\ld be done ) !m4 ,!y 7 immune to all s*emes ( discipl9e4 ,l ! ,,my/]i\s ,,noises !y c\ld n be controll$1 & by g5]al cons5t !y 7 aboli%$4 ,9 place ( ! noisy & ob/rep]\s boy came ! docile1 s(t-voic$ girl4 ,if ev] ! ru% ( wom5 into ! bus9ess _w 0 an unmix$ bless+1 x 0 :5 ! boys ( ! telephone ex*anges 7 sup]s$$ by girls4 ,"h at its be/ 0 %[n ! influ5ce ( ! fem99e t\*4 ,! quiet voice1 pit*$ high1 ! deft f+]s1 ! pati5t c\rtesy & att5tiv5ess--^! qualities 7 precisely :at ! g5tle telephone requir$ 9 its att5dants4 ,girls 7 easi] to tra92 !y did n wa/e "t 9 retaliatory conv]sation2 !y 7 m c>eful2 & !y 7 mu* m likely to give ! s(t answ] t turne? away wra?4 ,a telephone call "u ! boy regime meant ,b$lam & five m9utes2 aft]w>ds1 "u ! girl regime1 x meant sil5ce & tw5ty seconds4 ,in/ead ( ! incessant tangle & tumult1 !re came a new species ( ex*ange--a quiet1 t5se place1 9 :i* sev]al score ( "y ladies sit & answ] ! language ( ! swit*bo>d lights4 ,n[ & !n1 n (t51 ! signal lamps fla% too quickly = ^! exp]t phoni/s4 ,dur+ ! panic ( #aijg !re 0 "o mad h\r :5 almo/ e telephone 9 ,wall ,/reet region 0 be+ rung up by "s desp]ate speculator4 ,! swit*bo>ds 7 ablaze ) lights4 ,a few girls lo/ _! heads4 ,"o fa9t$ & 0 c>ri$ to ! re/-room4 ,b ! o!rs flung ! fly+ %uttles ( talk until1 9 a s+le ex*ange fifte5 ?\s& conv]sations _h be5 made possible 9 sixty m9utes4 ,!re are always girls 9 res]ve = su* explosive occasions1 & :5 ! h&s ( any op]ator are se5 to tremble1 & %e has a w>n+ r$ spot on ea* *eek1 %e is tak5 (f & giv5 a recess until %e recov]s h] poise4 ,^! telephone girls are ! human "p ( a great communication ma*9e4 ,!y are weav+ a web ( talk t *anges into a new patt]n e m9ute4 ,h[ _m possible comb9ations !re are ) ! five million telephones ( ! ,bell ,sy/em1 or :at un?9kable mileage ( conv]sation1 no "o has ev] d>$ to guess4 ,b :oev] has once se5 ! long l9e ( :ite arms wav+ back & =? 9 front ( ! swit*bo>d lights mu/ feel t he has look$ ^u ! v pulse ( ! city's life4 ,9 #aijb ! ,new ,york ,telephone ,company />t$ a s*ool1 ! fir/ ( its k9d 9 ! _w1 = ! education ( ^! telephone girls4 ,?is s*ool is hidd5 amid ranges ( skyscrap]s1 b sev5te5 ?\s& girls discov] x 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>4 ,x is a mo/ p>ticul> & exclusive s*ool4 ,x accepts few] ?an two ?\s& ( ^! girls1 & rejects ov] fifte5 ?\s&4 ,n m ?an "o girl 9 e eight c measure up to its /&>ds2 & x *e]fully refuses z _m /ud5ts 9 a ye> z w\ld make ?ree ,yales or ,h>v>ds4 ,?is s*ool is unique1 too1 9 ! fact t x *>ges no fees1 pays e /ud5t five doll>s a week1 & !n provides h] ) a job :5 %e graduates4 ,b x dem&s t e girl %all be 9 good heal?1 quick-h&$1 cle>-voic$1 & ) a c]ta9 poise & al]tness ( mann]4 ,pres5ce ( m9d1 :i*1 9 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]'s op9ion1 ought to be taught 9 e univ]sity1 is 9 v>i\s ways drill$ into ! temp]am5t ( ! telephone girl4 ,%e is also taught ! knack ( conc5tration1 s t %e may c>ry ! swit*bo>d situation 9 h] head1 z a *ess-play] c>ries 9 8 head ! arrangem5t ( ! *ess-m54 ,& %e is mu* m welcome at ?is /range s*ool if %e is "y & has nev] work$ 9 o!r trades1 :]e less spe$ & vigilance are requir$4 ,no matt] h[ _m millions ( doll>s may be sp5t ^u cables & swit*bo>ds1 ! quality ( telephone s]vice dep5ds ^u ! girl at ! ex*ange end ( ! wire4 ,x is %e :o meets ! public at e po9t4 ,%e is ! despat*] ( all ! talk tra9s2 %e is ! rul] ( ! wire highways2 & %e is expect$ to give e pass5g]-voice an in/antane\s express to its de/9ation4 ,m is dem&$ f h] ?an f any o!r s]vant ( ! public4 ,h] cli5ts refuse to /& 9 l9e & quietly wait _! turn1 z !y are q will+ to d 9 /ores & !atres & b>b] %ops & railway /ations & ev]y:]e else4 ,!y d n see h] at "w & !y d n "k :at h] "w is4 ,!y d n notice t %e answ]s a call 9 an av]age "t ( ?ree & a half seconds4 ,!y are 9 a hurry1 or !y w\ld n be at ! telephone2 & ea* second is a m9ute long4 ,any delay is a direct p]sonal affront t makes a vivid impression ^u _! m9ds4 ,& !y are n apt to rememb] t mo/ ( ! delays & blund]s are be+ made1 n by ! exp]t girls1 b by ! c>eless p :o p]si/ 9 call+ wrong numb]s & 9 ignor+ ! niceties ( telephone etiquette4 ,! tru? ab\t ! ,am]ican telephone girl is t %e has become s highly effici5t t we n[ expect h] to be a p>agon ( p]fection4 ,to give ! "y lady h] due1 we mu/ ackn[l$ge t %e has done m ?an any o!r p]son to introduce c\rtesy into ! bus9ess _w4 ,%e has done mo/ to aboli% ! old-"t r\ghness & vulg>ity4 ,%e has made big bus9ess to run m smoo?ly ?an little bus9ess did1 half a c5tury ago4 ,%e has %[n u h[ to take ! friction out ( conv]sation1 & taught u ref9em5ts ( polit5ess :i* 7 r>e ev5 among ! ,beau ,brummels ( pre-telephonic days4 ,:o1 = in/ance1 until ! arrival ( ! telephone girl1 appreciat$ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ,:o are y8 & ,:o is ?is8 ,or :o else has s impress$ ^u u ! value ( ! ris+ inflection1 z a g5tl] habit ( spee*8 ,?is propag&a ( polit5ess has gone s f> t to-day ! man :o is pr(ane or abusive at ! telephone1 is cut (f f ! use ( x4 ,he is ca/ out z unfit = a telephone-us+ community4 ,& n[1 s t !re %all be no anticlimax 9 ?is /ory ( telephone developm5t1 we mu/ turn ! spot-light ^u t imm5se aggregation ( work%ops 9 :i* h be5 made ?ree-fif?s ( ! telephone app>atus ( ! _w--! ,we/]n ,electric4 ,! "m factory ( ?is globe-trott+ bus9ess is ! bigge/ ?+ 9 ! spaci\s back-y>d ( ,*icago1 & !re are elev5 small] factories--h] *ildr5--scatt]$ ov] ! e>? f ,new ,york to ,tokio4 ,to put its totals into a s5t5ce1 x is an ent]prise ( #bf1jjj-man-p[]1 & #dj1jjj1jjj-;doll>-p[]2 & ! telephonic goods t x produces 9 half a day are wor? "o hundr$ ?\s& doll>s--z mu*1 by ! way1 z ! ,we/]n ,union ,,refus$ to pay = ! ,bell pat5ts 9 #ahgg4 ,! ,we/]n ,electric 0 born 9 ,*icago1 9 ! a%es ( ! big fire ( #ahga2 & x has gr[n up to its pres5t greatness quietly1 )\t celebrat+ its bir?days4 ,at fir/ x _h no telephones to make4 ,none _h be5 inv5t$1 s x made telegraphic app>atus1 burgl>-al>ms1 electric p5s1 & o!r su* ?+s4 ,b 9 #ahgh1 :5 ! ,we/]n ,union made its %ort-liv$ attempt to compete ) ! ,bell ,company1 ! ,we/]n ,electric agre$ to make its telephones4 ,?ree ye>s lat]1 :5 ! brief spasm ( competition 0 end$1 ! ,we/]n ,electric 0 tak5 9 h& by ! ,bell p & has s9ce !n rema9$ ! great work%op ( ! telephone4 ,! ma9 plant 9 ,*icago is n especially rem>kable f a manufactur+ po9t ( view4 ,"h are ! inevitable lumb]-y>ds & f\ndries & ma*9e-%ops4 ,"h is ! mad waltz ( ! sp9dles t :irl silk & cotton ?reads ar\nd ! copp] wires1 v simil> to :at may be se5 9 any braid factory4 ,"h electric lamps are made1 five ?\s& ( !m 9 a day1 9 ! same mann] z else:]e1 except t "h !y are s small & da9ty z to seem design$ = fairy palaces4 ,! ?+s t are done ) wire 9 ! ,we/]n ,electric factories are too _m = any m]e outsid] to rememb]4 ,"s wire is wrapp$ ) pap] tape at a spe$ ( n9e ?\s& miles a day4 ,"s is fa%ion$ into fanta/ic %apes t look l absurd sea-mon/]s1 b :i* 9 reality are only ! n]ve sy/ems ( swit*bo>ds4 ,& "s is twi/$ into cables by means ( a doz5 :irl+ drums--a dizzy+ sight1 z ea* pair ( drums revolve 9 opposite directions4 ,because ( ! fact t a cable's inevitable enemy is moi/ure1 ea* cable is w\nd on an imm5se spool & roll$ into an ov5 until x is z dry z a c9d]4 ,!n x is put into a /rait-jacket ( lead pipe1 seal$ at bo? ends1 & trundl$ into a wait+ freight c>4 ,no o!r company uses s mu* wire & h>d rubb]1 or s _m tons ( brass rods1 z ! ,we/]n ,electric4 ,( plat9um1 too1 :i* is m exp5sive ?an gold1 x uses "o ?\s& p\nds a ye> 9 ! mak+ ( telephone transmitt]s4 ,?is is import$ f ! ,ural ,m\nta9s4 ,! silk ?read comes f ,italy & ,japan2 ! iron = magnets1 f ,norway2 ! pap] tape1 f ,manila2 ! mahogany1 f ,s\? ,am]ica2 & ! rubb]1 f ,brazil & ! valley ( ! ,congo4 ,at lea/ sev5 c\ntries mu/ coop]ate to make a telephone message possible4 ,p]haps ! mo/ extraord9>y feature 9 ! ,we/]n ,electric factories is ! multitude ( its inspectors4 ,no o!r sort ( manufactur+1 n ev5 a ,gov]nm5t navy-y>d1 has s _m4 ,no?+ is too small to escape ^! sleu?s ( inspection4 ,!y te/ e t9y disc ( mica1 & ?r[ away n9e out ( t54 ,!y te/ e telephone by actual talk1 set up e swit*bo>d1 & try out e cable4 ,a s+le transmitt]1 by ! "t x is complet$1 has _h to pass ?ree hundr$ exam9ations2 & a s+le co9-box is oblig$ to c\nt t5 ?\s& nickels be=e x graduates into ! out] _w4 ,sev5 hundr$ inspectors are on gu>d 9 ! two ma9 plants at ,*icago & ,new ,york4 ,?is is a ru9\sly l>ge numb]1 f a pr(it-mak+ po9t ( view2 b ! inexorable fact is t 9 a telephone sy/em no?+ is insignificant4 ,x is built on su* altrui/ic l9es t an injury to any "o "p is ! conc]n ( all4 ,z usual1 :5 we probe into ! hi/ory ( a bus9ess t has gr[n great & ov]spread ! e>?1 we f9d a ,man2 & ! ,we/]n ,electric is no exception to ?is rule4 ,its ,man1 /ill fairly hale & busy aft] =ty ye>s ( lead]%ip1 is ,enos ,m4 ,b>ton4 ,8 c>e] is ! typical ,am]ican /ory ( self-help4 ,he 0 a telegraph mess5g] boy 9 ,new ,york dur+ ! ,civil ,w>1 !n a telegraph op]ator 9 ,clevel&4 ,9 #ahfi 8 sal>y 0 cut d[n f "o hundr$ doll>s a mon? to n9ety doll>s2 :]eupon he walk$ out & f\nd$ ! ,we/]n ,electric 9 a %abby little ma*9e-%op4 ,lat] he mov$ to ,*icago1 took 9 ,eli%a ,gray z 8 p>tn]1 & built up a trade 9 ! mak+ ( telegraphic mat]ials4 ,:5 ! telephone 0 inv5t$1 ,b>ton 0 "o ( ! sceptics4 ,i well rememb] my disgu/1 he said1 :5 "s "o told me x 0 possible to s5d conv]sation along a wire4 ,sev]al mon?s lat] he saw a telephone & at once became "o ( its apo/les4 ,by #ahhb 8 plant _h become ! (ficial work%op ( ! ,bell ,companies4 ,x 0 ! headqu>t]s ( inv5tion & manufactur+4 ,"h 0 ga!r$ a notable gr\p ( "y m51 brilliant & adv5tur\s1 :o d>$ to /ake _! futures on ! success ( ! telephone4 ,& always at _! head 0 ,b>ton1 z a sort ( human swit*bo>d1 :o l9k$ !m all toge!r & kept !m busy4 ,9 appe>ance1 ,enos ,m4 ,b>ton closely resembles ex-,presid5t ,eliot1 ( ,h>v>d4 ,he is sl[ 9 spee*1 simple 9 mann]1 & ) a r>e sagacity 9 bus9ess affairs4 ,he 0 n an organiz]1 9 ! mod]n s5se4 ,8 policy 0 to pick out a man1 put him 9 a responsible place1 & judge him by results4 ,eng9e]s c\ld become bookkeep]s1 & bookkeep]s c\ld become eng9e]s4 ,su* a plan work$ well 9 ! e>li] days1 :5 ! art ( telephony 0 9 ! mak+1 & :5 !re 0 no s\rce ( au?ority on telephonic problems4 ,b>ton is ! bi%op em]itus ( ! ,we/]n ,electric to-day2 & ! big indu/ry is n[ be+ run by a gr\p ( "y hu/l]s1 ) ,h4 ,b4 ,?ay] at ! head ( ! table4 ,?ay] is a ,v]mont] :o has climb$ ! ladd] ( exp]i5ce f its l[] rungs to ! top4 ,he is a typical ,yankee--lean1 %rewd1 tireless1 & ) a cold-blood$ s5se ( ju/ice t fits him = ! lead]%ip ( tw5ty-six ?\s& p4 ,s1 z we h se51 ! telephone z ,bell inv5t$ x1 0 m]ely a brilliant beg9n+ 9 ! developm5t ( ! art ( telephony4 ,x 0 an elf9 bir?--an elusive & delicate sprite t _h to be nurtur$ into maturity4 ,x 0 l a s\l1 = :i* a body _h to be creat$2 & no "o knew h[ to make su* a body4 ,_h x be5 born 9 "s less en]getic c\ntry1 x might h rema9$ feeble & undevelop$2 b n 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,"h 9 "o ye> x _h become fam\s1 & 9 ?ree ye>s x _h become ri*4 ,bell's inv9cible pat5t 0 soon buttress$ by hundr$s ( o!rs4 ,an op5-door policy 0 adopt$ = inv5tion4 ,*ange foll[$ *ange to su* a degree t ! exp]ts ( #ahhj w\ld be lo/ to-day 9 ! mazes ( a telephone ex*ange4 ,! art ( ! telephone eng9e] has 9 ?irty ye>s gr[n f ! mo/ crude & clumsy ( exp]im5ts into an exact & compreh5sive pr(ession4 ,z ,c>ty has aptly said1 ,at fir/ we inv>iably approa*$ e problem f ! wrong end4 ,if we _h be5 told to load a h]d ( cattle on a /eam]1 our me?od w\ld h be5 to hire a ,hag5beck to tra9 ! cattle = a c\ple ( ye>s1 s t !y w\ld "k en\gh to walk abo>d ( ! %ip :5 he gave ! signal2 b to-day1 if we _h to %ip cattle1 we w\ld "k en\gh to make a greas$ *ute & slide !m on bo>d 9 a jiffy4 ,! telephone _w has n[ its own /&>ds & ideals4 ,x has a language ( its own1 a telephonese t is q un9telligible to outsid]s4 ,x has z _m sep>ate bran*es ( /udy z m$ic9e or law4 ,!re are few m51 half a doz5 at mo/1 :o c n[ be said to h a g5]al k ( telephony4 ,& no matt] h[ wise a telephone exp]t may be1 he c nev] rea* p]fection1 because ( ! amaz+ v>iety ( ?+s t t\* or conc]n 8 pr(ession4 ,no "o man kn[s all ! details n[1 said ,!odore ,vail4 ,sev]al days ago ,i 0 walk+ ?r\gh a telephone ex*ange & ,i saw some?+ new4 ,i ask$ ,mr4 ,c>ty to expla9 x4 ,he is our *ief eng9e]2 b he did n und]/& x4 ,we call$ ! manag]4 ,he did n't "k1 & call$ 8 assi/ant4 ,he did n't "k1 & call$ ! local eng9e]1 :o 0 able to tell u :at x 04 ,to sum up ?is developm5t ( ! art ( tele-phony--to pres5t a bird's-eye view--x may be divid$ into f\r p]iods3 #a4 ,exp]im5t4 #ahgf to #ahhf4 ,?is 0 ! p]iod ( inv5tion1 9 :i* !re 7 no exp]ts & no au?orities4 ,telephonic app>atus consi/$ ( make%ifts & adaptations4 ,x 0 ! p]iod ( iron wire1 imp]fect transmitt]s1 gr\nd$ circuits1 boy op]ators1 peg swit*bo>ds1 local batt]ies1 & ov]head l9es4 #b4 ,developm5t4 #ahhf to #ahif4 ,9 ?is p]iod amateurs became eng9e]s4 ,! prop] type ( app>atus 0 discov]$1 & 0 improv$ to a high po9t ( effici5cy4 ,9 ?is p]iod came ! multiple swit*bo>d1 copp] wire1 girl op]ators1 und]gr\nd cables1 metallic circuit1 common batt]y1 & ! long-di/ance l9es4 #c4 ,expansion4 #ahif to #aijf4 ,?is 0 ! era ( big bus9ess4 ,x 0 an autumn p]iod1 9 :i* ! telephone m5 & ! public began to reap ! fruits ( tw5ty ye>s ( inve/m5t & h>d "w4 ,x 0 ! p]iod ( ! message rate1 ! pay /ation1 ! f>m l9e1 & ! private bran* ex*ange4 #d4 ,organization4 #aijf--4 ,) ! success ( ! ,pup9 coil1 !re came a l>g] life = ! telephone4 ,x became less local & m national4 ,x began to l9k toge!r its scatt]$ p>ts4 ,x disc\rag$ ! wa/e & an>*y ( duplication4 ,x taught its old]1 b small] bro!r1 ! telegraph1 to coop]ate4 ,x put itself m closely 9 t\* ) ! w ( ! public4 ,& x is n[ pu%+ ahead1 along ! two roads ( /&>dization & effici5cy1 t[>d its ideal ( "o univ]sal telephone sy/em = ! :ole nation4 ,! key-^w ( ! telephone developm5t ( to-day is ?is--organization4 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,! ,,expansion ,,( ,,! ,,bus9ess ,! telephone bus9ess did n really beg9 to gr[ big & ov]spread ! e>? until #ahif1 b ! keynote ( expansion 0 fir/ s\nd$ by ,!odore ,vail 9 ! e>lie/ days1 :5 z yet ! telephone 0 a babe 9 arms4 ,9 #ahgi ,vail said1 9 a lett] writt5 to "o ( 8 capta9s3 ,tell our ag5ts t we h a proposition on foot to connect ! diff]5t cities = ! purpose ( p]sonal communication1 & 9 o!r ways to organize a ,,gr& ,,telephonic ,,sy/em4 ,?is 0 brave talk at t "t1 :5 !re 7 n 9 ! :ole _w z _m telephones z !re are to-day 9 ,c9c9nati4 ,x 0 brave talk 9 ^? days ( iron wire1 peg swit*bo>ds1 & noisy diaphragms4 ,mo/ telephone m5 reg>d$ x z no?+ m ?an talk4 ,!y did n see any bus9ess future = ! telephone except 9 %ort-di/ance s]vice4 ,b ,vail 0 9 e>ne/4 ,8 previ\s exp]i5ce z ! head ( ! railway mail s]vice _h lift$ him up to a high] po9t ( view4 ,he knew ! ne$ ( a national sy/em ( communication t w\ld be quick] & m direct ?an ei!r ! telegraph or ! po/ (fice4 ,i saw t if ! telephone c\ld talk "o mile to-day1 he said1 x w\ld be talk+ a hundr$ miles to-morr[4 ,& he p]si/$1 9 spite ( a consid]able deal ( ridicule1 9 ma9ta9+ t ! telephone 0 de/9$ to connect cities & nations z well z individuals4 ,f\r mon?s aft] he _h prophesi$ ! gr& telephonic sy/em1 he enc\rag$ ,*>les ,j4 ,glidd51 ( _w-t\r fame1 to build a telephone l9e betwe5 ,bo/on & ,l[ell4 ,?is 0 ! fir/ int]-city l9e4 ,x 0 well plac$1 z ! own]s ( ! ,l[ell mills liv$ 9 ,bo/on1 & x made a small pr(it f ! />t4 ,?is success *e]$ ,vail on to a ma/]-ef=t4 ,he resolv$ to build a l9e f ,bo/on to ,provid5ce1 & 0 s /ubbornly b5t ^u do+ ?is t :5 ! ,bell ,company refus$ to act1 he pick$ up ! risk & set (f ) x alone4 ,he organiz$ a company ( well-kn[n ,rhode ,isl&]s--nicknam$ ! ,gov]nors' ,company--& built ! l9e4 ,x 0 a failure at fir/1 & w5t by ! "n ( ,vail's ,folly4 ,b ,eng9e] ,c>ty1 by a happy ?\ght1 ,,d\bl$ ,,! ,,wire1 & ?us 9 a mom5t e/abli%$ two new factors 9 ! telephone bus9ess--! ,metallic ,circuit & ! ,long ,di/ance l9e4 ,at once ! ,bell ,company came ov] to ,vail's po9t ( view1 b\ght 8 new l9e1 & laun*$ out ^u :at seem$ to be ! foolh>dy ent]prise ( /r++ a d\ble wire f ,bo/on to ,new ,york4 ,?is 0 to be n only ! longe/ ( all telephone l9es1 /rung on t5 ?\s& poles2 x 0 to be a l9e de luxe1 built ( gli/5+ r$ copp]1 n iron4 ,its co/ 0 to be sev5ty ?\s& doll>s1 :i* 0 an enorm\s sum 9 ^? h>dscrabble days4 ,!re 0 mu* opposition to su* extravagance1 & mu* ridicule4 ,i w\ld n't take t l9e z a gift1 said "o ( ! ,bell ,company's (ficials4 ,b :5 ! la/ coil ( wire 0 /ret*$ into place1 & ! fir/ ,hello leap$ f ,bo/on to ,new ,york1 ! new l9e 0 a victori\s success4 ,x c>ri$ messages f ! fir/ day2 & m1 x rais$ ! :ole telephone bus9ess to a high] level4 ,x swept away ! prejudice t telephone s]vice c\ld become no?+ m ?an a neighborhood affair4 ,x 0 ! salvation ( ! bus9ess1 said ,edw>d ,j4 ,hill4 ,x m>k$ a turn+-po9t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! telephone1 :5 ! day ( small ?+s 0 end$ & ! day ( great ?+s 0 begun4 ,no "o man1 no hundr$ m51 _h creat$ x4 ,x 0 ! f9al result ( t5 ye>s ( inv5tion & improvem5t4 ,:ile ?is epo*-mak+ l9e 0 be+ /rung1 ,vail 0 pu%+ 8 gr& telephonic sy/em policy by organiz+ ,! ,am]ican ,telephone & ,telegraph ,company4 ,?is1 too1 0 a ma/]-/roke4 ,x 0 ! introduction ( ! /aff-&-l9e me?od ( organization into bus9ess4 ,x 0 do+ = ! =ty or fifty ,bell ,companies :at ,von ,moltke did = ! ,g]man army prior to ! ,franco-,prussian ,w>4 ,x 0 ! creation ( a c5tral company t %\ld l9k all local companies toge!r1 & itself own & op]ate ! means by :i* ^! companies are unit$4 ,?is c5tral company 0 to grapple ) all national problems1 to own all telephones & long-di/ance l9es1 to protect all pat5ts1 & to be ! headqu>t]s ( inv5tion1 in=mation1 capital1 & legal protection = ! entire f$]ation ( ,bell ,companies4 ,seldom has a company be5 />t$ ) s small a capital & s va/ a purpose4 ,x _h no m ?an #ajj1jjj ( capital /ock1 9 #ahhe2 b its decl>$ object 0 no?+ less ?an to e/abli% a sy/em ( wire communication = ! human race4 ,"h are1 9 its own words1 ! m>*+ ord]s ( ?is ,company3 ,to connect "o or m po9ts 9 ea* & e city1 t[n1 or place an ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york1 ) "o or m po9ts 9 ea* & e o!r city1 t[n1 or place 9 said ,/ate1 & 9 ea* & e o!r ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 & 9 ,canada1 & ,mexico2 & ea* & e ( said cities1 t[ns1 & places is to be connect$ ) ea* & e o!r city1 t[n1 or place 9 said ,/ates & c\ntries1 & also by cable & o!r appropriate means ) ! re/ ( ! kn[n _w4 ,s ran ,vail's dream1 & = n9e ye>s he work$ mightily to make x come true4 ,he rema9$ until ! v>i\s p>ts ( ! bus9ess _h gr[n toge!r1 & until 8 plan = a gr& telephonic sy/em 0 "u way & fairly well und]/ood4 ,!n he w5t out1 into a s]ies ( picturesque ent]prises1 until he _h built up a f\r-squ>e =tune2 & rec5tly1 9 #aijg1 he came back to be ! head ( ! telephone bus9ess1 & to complete ! "w ( organization t he />t$ ?irty ye>s be=e4 ,:5 ,vail said auf wi$]seh5 to ! telephone bus9ess1 x _h pass$ f infancy to *ildhood4 ,x 0 well %ap$ b n fully gr[n4 ,its pione]+ days 7 ov]4 ,x 0 self-support+ & _h a little money 9 ! bank4 ,b x c\ld n !n h c>ri$ ! load ( traffic t x c>ries to-day4 ,x _h /ill too _m problems to solve & too mu* g5]al in]tia to ov]come4 ,x ne$$ to be cons]v$1 drill$1 educat$1 popul>iz$4 ,& ! man :o 0 f9ally *os5 to replace ,vail 0 9 _m respects ! appropriate lead] = su* a prep>atory p]iod4 ,hudson--,john ,elbridge ,hudson--0 ! "n ( ! new head ( ! telephone p4 ,he 0 a man ( middle age1 born 9 ,lynn & br$ 9 ,bo/on2 a long-p$igre$ ,new ,engl&]1 ^: ance/ors _h smelt$ iron ore 9 ,lynn :5 ,*>les ! ,fir/ 0 ,k+4 ,he 0 a lawy] by pr(ession & a univ]sity pr(essor by temp]am5t4 ,8 specialty1 z a man ( affairs1 _h be5 m>9e law2 & 8 hobby 0 ! collection ( r>e books & old ,engli% engrav+s4 ,he 0 a ma/] ( ! ,greek language1 & v fond ( us+ x4 ,on all possible occasions he us$ ! language ( ,p]icles 9 8 conv]sation2 & ev5 c>ri$ ?is pref]5ce s f> z to write 8 bus9ess memor&a 9 ,greek4 ,he 0 above all else a s*ol>1 !n a lawy]1 & some:at incid5tally ! c5tral figure 9 ! telephone _w4 ,b x 0 ( trem5d\s value to ! telephone bus9ess at t "t to h at its head a man ( ,hudson's intellectual & moral calibre4 ,he gave x tone & pre/ige4 ,he built up its cr$it4 ,he kept x clean & cle> above all suspicion ( wrong-do+4 ,he held fa/ :atev] _h be5 ga9$4 ,& he prep>$ ! way = ! p]iod ( expansion by borr[+ fifty millions = improvem5ts1 & by add+ greatly to ! /r5g? & influ5ce ( ! ,am]ican ,telephone & ,telegraph ,company4 ,hudson rema9$ at ! head ( ! telephone table until 8 dea?1 9 #aijj1 & ?us liv$ to see ! dawn ( ! era ( big bus9ess4 ,"u 8 regime great ?+s 7 done 9 ! developm5t ( ! art4 ,! bus9ess 0 pu%$ ahead at e po9t by its capta9s4 ,e man 9 8 place1 try+ to give a little bett] s]vice ?an ye/]day--t 0 ! keynote ( ! ,hudson p]iod4 ,!re 0 no "o preem95t g5ius4 ,ea* important /ep =w>d 0 ! result ( ! coop]ation ( _m m9ds1 & ! prodd+ necessities ( a gr[+ traffic4 ,by #ahif1 :5 ! ,common ,batt]y sy/em creat$ a new era1 ! telephone eng9e] _h pretty well ma/]$ 8 simpl] tr\bles4 ,he 0 able to h&le 8 wires1 no matt] h[ _m4 ,by ?is "t1 too1 ! public 0 ready = ! telephone4 ,a new g5]ation _h gr[n up1 )\t ! prejudices ( its fa!rs4 ,p _h gr[n away f ! telegraphic habit ( ?\ght1 :i* 0 t wire communications 7 exp5sive luxuries = ! few4 ,! telephone 01 9 fact1 a new social n]ve1 s new & s novel t v ne>ly tw5ty ye>s w5t by be=e x _h fully gr[n into place1 & be=e ! social body develop$ ! in/9ct ( us+ x4 ,n t ! difficulties ( ! telephone eng9e]s 7 ov]1 = !y 7 n4 ,!y h seem$ to gr[ m num]\s & complex e ye>4 ,b by #ahif en\gh _h be5 done to w>rant a =w>d movem5t4 ,= ! next t5-ye> p]iod ! keynote ( telephone hi/ory 0 ,,expansion4 ,"u ! prevail+ flat-rate plan ( paym5t1 all cu/om]s paid ! same ye>ly price & !n us$ _! telephones z (t5 z !y pleas$4 ,?is 0 a simple me?od1 & ! mo/ satisfactory = small t[ns & f>m+ regions4 ,b 9 a great city su* a plan grew to be suicidal4 ,9 ,new ,york1 = in/ance1 ! price _h to be rais$ to #bdj1 :i* lift$ ! telephone z high above ! mass ( ! citiz5s z ?\gh x 7 a piano or a diamond sunbur/4 ,su* a plan 0 /rangl+ ! bus9ess4 ,x 0 %utt+ out ! small us]s4 ,x 0 clogg+ ! wires ) deadhead calls4 ,x 0 giv+ "s p too little s]vice & o!rs too mu*4 ,x 0 a v unsatisfactory situation4 ,h[ to ext5d ! s]vice & at ! same "t *eap5 x to small us]s--t 0 ! ,gordian knot2 & ! man :o unque/ionably did mo/ to untie x 0 ,edw>d ,j4 ,hall4 ,mr4 ,hall f\nd$ ! telephone bus9ess 9 ,buffalo 9 #ahgh1 & sev5 ye>s aft]w>ds became ! *ief ( ! long-di/ance traffic4 ,he 0 !n1 & is to-day1 "o ( ! /atesm5 ( ! telephone4 ,= m ?an ?irty ye>s he has be5 ! c&id fri5d ( ! bus9ess1 incessantly sugge/+1 prob+1 & criticis+4 ,ke5 & dispassionate1 ) a g5ius = m]cilessly cutt+ to ! m>r[ ( a proposition1 ,hall has at ! same "t be5 a zealot = ! improvem5t & ext5sion ( telephone s]vice4 ,x 0 he :o set ! ag5ts free f ! ball-&-*a9 ( royalties1 all[+ !m to pay in/ead a p]c5tage ( gross receipts4 ,& x 0 he :o broke ! jam1 z a lumb]man w\ld say1 by sugge/+ ! ,,message ,,rate sy/em4 ,by ?is plan1 :i* ,u4 ,n4 ,be!ll develop$ to its highe/ po9t 9 ,new ,york1 a us] ( ! telephone pays a fix$ m9imum price = a c]ta9 numb] ( messages p] ye>1 & extra = all messages ov] ?is numb]4 ,! l>ge us] pays m1 & ! little us] pays less4 ,x op5$ up ! way to su* an expansion ( telephone bus9ess z ,bell1 9 8 rosie/ dreams1 _h nev] imag9$4 ,9 ?ree ye>s1 aft] #ahif1 !re 7 twice z _m us]s2 9 six ye>s !re 7 f\r times z _m2 9 t5 ye>s !re 7 eight to "o4 ,:at ) ! message rate & ! pay /ation1 ! telephone 0 n[ on its way to be univ]sal4 ,x 0 adapt$ to all k9ds & conditions ( m54 ,a great corporation1 n]v$ at e po9t ) telephone wires1 may n[ pay fifty ?\s& doll>s to ! ,bell ,company1 :ile at ! same "t a "y ,iri% immigrant boy1 j arriv$ 9 ,new ,york ,city1 may (f] five copp]s & f9d at 8 disposal a fifty million doll> telephone sy/em4 ,:5 ! message rate 0 fairly well e/abli%$1 ,hudson di$--fell sudd5ly to ! gr\nd z he 0 ab\t to /ep into a railway c>riage4 ,9 8 place came ,fr$]ick ,p4 ,fi%1 also a lawy] & a ,bo/onian4 ,fi% 0 a popul>1 optimi/ic man1 ) a full-spe$-ahead temp]am5t4 ,he pu%$ ! policy ( expansion until he broke all ! records4 ,he borr[$ money 9 /up5d\s am\nts--#aej1jjj1jjj at "o "t--& flung x into a campaign ( r$-hot developm5t4 ,m bus9ess he dem&$1 & m1 & m1 until 8 capta9s1 l a ?irty-horse team ( gallop+ horses1 became v ne>ly uncontrollable4 ,x 0 a fa/ & furi\s p]iod4 ,! :ole c\ntry 0 ablaze ) a passion ( prosp]ity4 ,aft] g5]ations ( conflict1 ! m5 ) l>ge ideas _h at la/ put to r\t ! m5 ( small ideas4 ,! wa/e & folly ( competition _h ev]y:]e driv5 m5 to ! policy ( coop]ation4 ,mills 7 l9k$ to mills & factories to factories1 9 a va/ mutualism ( indu/ry su* z no o!r age1 p]haps1 has ev] kn[n4 ,& z ! telephone is ess5tially ! in/rum5t ( co-work+ & int]dep5d5t p1 x f\nd itself sudd5ly welcom$ z ! mo/ popul> & indisp5sable ( all ! ag5cies t put m5 9 t\* ) ea* o!r4 ,to describe ?is gr[? 9 a s+le s5t5ce1 we might say t ! ,bell telephone secur$ its fir/ million ( capital 9 #ahgi2 its fir/ million ( e>n+s 9 #ahhb2 its fir/ million ( divid5ds 9 #ahhd2 its fir/ million ( surplus 9 #ahhe4 ,x _h paid out its fir/ million = legal exp5ses by #ahhf2 began fir/ to s5d a million messages a day 9 #ahhh2 _h /rung its fir/ million miles ( wire 9 #aijj2 & _h in/all$ its fir/ million telephones 9 #ahih4 ,by #ahig x _h spun z _m cobwebs ( wire z ! mighty ,we/]n ,union itself2 by #aijj x _h twice z _m miles ( wire z ! ,we/]n ,union1 & 9 #aije ,,five ,,times z _m4 ,su* 0 ! plung+ progress ( ! ,bell ,companies 9 ?is p]iod ( expansion1 t by #aije !y _h swept pa/ all ,european c\ntries comb9$1 n only 9 ! quality ( ! s]vice b 9 ! actual numb] ( telephones 9 use4 ,?is1 too1 )\t a c5t ( public money1 or ! protection ( a t>iff1 or ! pre/ige ( a gov]nm5tal bureau4 ,by #ahib ,bo/on & ,new ,york 7 talk+ to ,*icago1 ,milwaukee1 ,pittsburg1 & ,wa%+ton4 ,"o-half ( ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 )9 talk+ di/ance ( ea* o!r4 ,! ,,?\s&-,,mile ,,talk _h ceas$ to be a fairy tale4 ,sev]al ye>s lat] ! we/]n end ( ! l9e 0 pu%$ ov] ! pla9s to ,nebraska1 enabl+ ! spok5 ^w 9 ,bo/on to be he>d 9 ,omaha4 ,sl[ly & ) mu* ef=t ! public 7 taught to sub/itute ! telephone = travel4 ,a special long-di/ance salon 0 fitt$ up 9 ,new ,york ,city to entice p into ! habit ( talk+ to o!r cities4 ,cabs 7 s5t = cu/om]s2 & :5 "o arriv$1 he 0 escort$ ov] ,ori5tal rugs to a gild$ boo?1 drap$ ) silk5 curta9s4 ,?is 0 ! fam\s ,room ,n9e4 ,by su* & _m o!r allurem5ts a l>g] idea ( telephone s]vice 0 giv5 to ! public m9d2 until 9 #aiji at lea/ eighte5 ?\s& ,new ,york-,*icago conv]sations 7 held1 & ! rev5ue f /rictly long-di/ance messages 0 tw5ty-two ?\s& doll>s a day4 ,by #aijf ev5 ! ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,bell ,company _h gr[n to be a t5-million-doll> ent]prise4 ,x began at ,salt ,lake ,city ) a hundr$ telephones1 9 #ahhj4 ,!n x rea*$ out to ma/] an area ( f\r hundr$ & ?irte5 ?\s& squ>e miles--a great ,lone ,l& ( undevelop$ res\rces4 ,its l9em5 grop$ ?r\gh d5se =e/s :]e _! poles look$ l too?picks beside ! t[]+ p9es & c$>s4 ,!y girdl$ ! m\nta9s & ba/$ ! prairies ) wire1 until ! lonely places 7 br\ght toge!r & made sociable4 ,!y drove (f ! ,indians1 :o want$ ! bright wire = e>-r+s & bracelets2 & ! be>s1 :i* mi/ook ! humm+ ( ! wires = ! buzz+ ( bees1 & p]si/$ 9 gnaw+ ! poles d[n4 ,) ! mo/ h]oic optimism1 ?is ,rocky ,m\nta9 ,company p]sev]$ until1 9 #aijf1 x _h creat$ a sev5ty-?\s&-mile n]ve-sy/em = ! f> ,we/4 ,*icago1 9 ?is ye>1 _h two hundr$ ?\-s& telephones 9 use1 9 h] two hundr$ squ>e miles ( area4 ,! bus9ess _h be5 built up by ,g5]al ,anson ,/ag]1 :o 0 himself weal?y1 & able to attract ! support ( su* m5 z ,john ,cr]>1 ,h4 ,h4 ,port]1 & ,rob]t ,t4 ,l9coln4 ,s9ce #ahhb x has paid divid5ds1 & 9 "o glori\s ye> its /ock so>$ to f\r hundr$ doll>s a %>e4 ,! old-tim]s--! m5 :o clamb]$ ov] ro(-tops 9 #ahgh & tack$ iron wires :]ev] !y c\ld )\t be+ *as$ (f--are /ill = ! mo/ "p 9 control ( ! ,*icago company4 ,b z might h be5 expect$1 x 0 ,new ,york ,city t 0 ! record-break] :5 ! era ( telephone expansion arriv$4 ,"h ! flood ( big bus9ess /ruck ) ! =ce ( a tidal wave4 ,! numb] ( us]s leap$ f #ef1jjj 9 #aijj up to #haj1jjj 9 #aijh4 ,9 a s+le ye> ( sweat+ & brea?less activity1 #fe1jjj new telephones 7 put on desks or hung on walls--an av]age ( "o new us] = e two m9utes ( ! bus9ess day4 ,lit]ally tons1 & hundr$s ( tons1 ( telephones 7 haul$ 9 drays f ! factory & put 9 place 9 ,new ,york's homes & (fices4 ,m & m 7 dem&$1 until to-day !re are m telephones 9 ,new ,york ?an !re are 9 ! f\r c\ntries1 ,france1 ,belgium1 ,holl&1 & ,switz]l& comb9$4 ,z a us] ( telephones ,new ,york has ris5 to be unapproa*able4 ,mass toge!r all ! telephones ( ,london1 ,glasg[1 ,liv]pool1 ,man*e/]1 ,birm+ham1 ,le$s1 ,%effleld1 ,bri/ol1 & ,belfa/1 & !re w ev5 !n be b>ely z _m z are c>ry+ ! conv]sations ( ?is "o ,am]ican city4 ,9 #ahgi ! ,new ,york telephone directory 0 a small c>d1 %[+ two hundr$ & fifty-two names2 b n[ x has gr[n to be an eight-hundr$-page qu>t]ly1 ) a circulation ( half a million1 & requir+ tw5ty drays1 =ty horses1 & f\r hundr$ m5 to d ! "w ( di/ribution4 ,!re 0 "o %abby little ex*ange ?irty ye>s ago2 b n[ !re are fifty-two ex*anges1 z ! n]ve-c5tres ( a va/ fifty-million-doll> sy/em4 ,incr$ible z x may seem to =eign]s1 x is lit]ally true t 9 a s+le build+ 9 ,new ,york1 ! ,hudson ,t]m9al1 !re are m telephones ?an 9 ,odessa or ,madrid1 m ?an 9 ! two k+doms ( ,greece & ,bulg>ia comb9$4 ,m]ely to op]ate ?is sy/em requires an army ( m ?an five ?\s& girls4 ,m]ely to keep _! records requires two hundr$ & ?irty-five million %eets ( pap] a ye>4 ,m]ely to d ! writ+ ( ^! records we>s away five hundr$ & sixty ?\s& lead p5cils4 ,& m]ely to give ^! girls a cup ( tea or c(fee at noon1 compels ! ,bell ,company to buy ye>ly six ?\s& p\nds ( tea1 sev5te5 ?\s& p\nds ( c(fee1 =ty-eight ?\s& cans ( cond5s$ milk1 & "o hundr$ & =ty b>rels ( sug>4 ,! myriad wires ( ?is ,new ,york sy/em are t+l+ ) talk e m9ute ( ! day & night4 ,!y are mo/ at re/ betwe5 ?ree & f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+1 al?\gh ev5 !n !re are usually t5 calls a m9ute4 ,betwe5 five & six o'clock1 two ?\s& ,new ,york]s are awake & at ! telephone4 ,half an h\r lat] !re are twice z _m4 ,betwe5 sev5 & eight tw5ty-five ?\s& p h call$ up tw5ty-five ?\s& o!r p1 s t !re are z _m p talk+ by wire z !re 7 9 ! :ole city ( ,new ,york 9 ! ,revolution>y p]iod4 ,ev5 ?is is only ! dawn ( ! day's bus9ess4 ,by half-pa/ eight x is d\bl$2 by n9e x is trebl$2 by t5 x is multipli$ sixfold2 & by elev5 ! ro> has become an incr$ible babel ( "o hundr$ & eighty ?\s& conv]sations an h\r1 ) fifty new voices clamor+ at ! ex*anges e second4 ,?is is ! peak ( ! load4 ,x is ! topmo/ p9nacle ( talk4 ,x is ! utmo/ degree ( s]vice t ! telephone has be5 requir$ to give 9 any city4 ,& x is z mu* a _w's wond]1 to m5 & wom5 ( imag9ation1 z ! /eel mills ( ,home/ead or ! turb9e levia?ans t curve across ! ,atlantic ,ocean 9 f\r & a half days4 ,z to ! m5 :o built x up3 ,*>les ,f4 ,cutl] di$ 9 #aijg1 b mo/ ( ! o!rs are /ill alive & busy4 ,union ,n4 ,be!ll1 n[ 9 ,cutl]'s place at ! head ( ! ,new ,york ,company1 has be5 ! op]at+ *ief = eighte5 ye>s4 ,he is a man ( %rewdness & sympa?y1 ) a r>e sagacity 9 solv+ knotty problems1 a presid5t ( ! new type1 :o reg>ds 8 "w z a sort ( obligation he owes to ! public4 ,& j z =eign]s g to ,pittsburg to see ! /eel bus9ess at its be/2 j z !y g to ,i[a & ,kansas to see ! ,new ,f>m]1 s !y make pilgrimages to ,be!ll's (fice to le>n ! pr(ession ( telephony4 ,?is unp>allel$ telephone sy/em ( ,new ,york grew up )\t hav+ at any "t ! rivalry ( competition4 ,b 9 _m o!r cities & especially 9 ! ,middle ,we/1 !re sprang up 9 #ahie a m$ley ( indep5d5t companies4 ,! "t ( ! orig9al pat5ts _h expir$1 & ! ,bell ,companies f\nd !mselves fre$ f ! exp5se ( litigation only to be sn>l$ up 9 a tangle ( duplication4 ,9 a few ye>s !re 7 six ?\s& ( ^! little ,rob9son ,crusoe companies4 ,& by #aija !y _h put 9 use m ?an a million telephones & 7 pr(ess+ to h a capital ( a hundr$ millions4 ,mo/ ( ^! companies 7 necess>y & did mu* to exp& ! telephone bus9ess into new t]ritory4 ,!y 7 9 fact small mutual associations ( a doz5 or a hundr$ f>m]s1 ^: aim 0 to get telephone s]vice at co/4 ,b !re 7 o!r companies1 probably a ?\s& or m1 :i* 7 organiz$ by promot]s :o built _! hopes on ! fact t ! ,bell ,companies 7 unpopul>1 & on ! my? t !y 7 fabul\sly ri*4 ,in/ead ( legitimately ext5d+ telephone l9es into communities t _h none1 ^! promot]s proce$$ to inflict ! messy sn>l ( an ov]lapp+ sy/em ^u :atev] cities w\ld give !m p]mission to d s4 ,9 ?is way1 mask$ z competition1 ! nuisance & wa/e ( duplication began 9 mo/ ,am]ican cities4 ,! telephone bus9ess 0 /ill s "y1 x 0 s little appreciat$ ev5 by ! telephone (ficials & eng9e]s1 t ! public reg>d$ a second or a ?ird telephone sy/em 9 "o city z q a possible & desirable innovation4 ,we h two e>s1 said "o promot]2 :y n !re=e h two telephones8 ,?is duplication w5t m]rily on = ye>s be=e x 0 g5]ally discov]$ t ! telephone is n an e>1 b a n]ve sy/em2 & t su* an exp]im5t z a duplicate n]ve sy/em has nev] be5 attempt$ by ,nature1 ev5 9 h] mo/ frivol\s moods4 ,mo/ p fanci$ t a telephone sy/em 0 practically ! same z a gas or electric light sy/em1 :i* c (t5 be duplicat$ ) ! result ( *eap] rates & bett] s]vice4 ,!y did n = ye>s discov] t two telephone companies 9 "o city means ei!r half s]vice or d\ble co/1 j z two fire dep>tm5ts or two po/ (fices w\ld4 ,"s ( ^! duplicate companies built up a complete plant1 & gave good local s]vice1 :ile o!rs prov$ to be m]e /ock bubbles4 ,mo/ ( !m 7 ov]-capitaliz$1 dep5d+ ^u public sympa?y to atone = defici5cies 9 equipm5t4 ,"o :i* _h pr9t$ fifty million doll>s ( /ock = sale 0 sold at auction 9 #aiji = f\r hundr$ ?\s& doll>s4 ,all told1 !re 7 tw5ty-?ree ( ^! bubbles t bur/ 9 #aije1 tw5ty-"o 9 #aijf1 & twelve 9 #aijg4 ,s high has be5 ! dea?-rate among ^! isolat$ companies t at a rec5t conv5tion ( telephone ag5ts1 ! *airman's gavel 0 made ( ?irty-five pieces ( wood1 tak5 f ?irty-five swit*bo>ds ( ?irty-five ext9ct companies4 ,a /udy ( twelve s+le-sy/em cities & tw5ty-sev5 d\ble-sy/em cities %[s t !re are ab\t elev5 p] c5t m telephones "u ! d\ble-sy/em1 & t :]e ! second sy/em is put 91 e fif? us] is oblig$ to pay = two telephones4 ,! rates are alike1 :e!r a city has "o or two sy/ems4 ,duplicat+ companies rais$ _! rates 9 sixte5 cities out ( ! tw5ty-sev51 & r$uc$ !m 9 "o city4 ,tak+ ! ,unit$ ,/ates z a :ole1 !re are to-day fully two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& p :o are pay+ = two telephones in/ead ( "o1 an economic wa/e ( at lea/ t5 million doll>s a ye>4 ,a fair-m9d$ survey ( ! entire indep5d5t telephone movem5t w\ld probably %[ t x 0 at fir/ a /imulant1 foll[$1 z /imulants usually are1 by a reaction4 ,x 0 unque/ionably = sev]al ye>s a spur to ! ,bell ,companies4 ,b x did n fulfil its promises ( *eap rates1 bett] s]vice1 & high divid5ds2 x did little or no?+ to improve telephonic app>atus1 produc+ no?+ new except ! automatic swit*bo>d--a brilliant inv5tion1 :i* is n[ 9 its exp]im5tal p]iod4 ,9 ! ma91 p]haps1 x has be5 a reaction>y & tr\blesome movem5t 9 ! cities1 & a progressive movem5t among ! f>m]s4 ,by #aijg x 0 a wave t _h sp5t its =ce4 ,x 0 no long] roll+ along easily on ! broad ocean ( hope1 b brok5 & turn$ aside by ! rocks ( actual conditions4 ,"o by "o ! telephone promot]s le>n$ ! limitations ( an isolat$ company1 & ask$ to be includ$ z memb]s ( ! ,bell family4 ,9 #aijg f\r hundr$ & fifty-eight ?\s& indep5d5t telephones 7 l9k$ by wire to ! ne>e/ ,bell ,company2 & 9 #aijh ^! 7 foll[$ by ?ree hundr$ & fifty ?\s& m4 ,aft] ?is l&slide to ! policy ( consolidation1 !re /ill rema9$ a fairly l>ge assortm5t ( indep5d5t companies2 b !y _h lo/ _! dreams & _! illusions4 ,z might h be5 expect$1 ! indep5d5t movem5t produc$ a numb] ( compet5t local lead]s1 b none ( national importance4 ,! ,bell ,companies1 on ! o!r h&1 7 (fic]$ by m5 :o _h = a qu>t] ( a c5tury be5 survey+ telephone problems f a national po9t ( view4 ,at _! head1 f #aijg onw>ds1 0 ,!odore ,n4 ,vail1 :o _h return$ dramatically1 at ! precise mom5t :5 he 0 ne$$1 to f9i% ! "w t he _h begun 9 #ahgh4 ,he _h be5 abs5t = tw5ty ye>s1 develop+ wat]-p[] & build+ /reet-railways 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,9 ! fir/ act ( ! telephone drama1 x 0 he :o put ! ent]prise ^u a bus9ess basis1 & laid d[n ! fir/ pr9ciples ( its policy4 ,9 ! second & ?ird acts he _h no place2 b :5 ! curta9 rose ^u ! f\r? act1 ,vail 0 once m ! c5tral figure1 /&+ :ite-hair$ among 8 capta9s1 & pu%+ =w>d ! completion ( ! gr& telephonic sy/em t he _h dream$ ( :5 ! telephone 0 ?ree ye>s old4 ,?us x came ab\t t ! telephone bus9ess 0 creat$ by ,vail1 cons]v$ by ,hudson1 exp&$ by ,fi%1 & is n[ 9 process ( be+ consolidat$ by ,vail4 ,x is be+ knit toge!r into a /up5d\s ,bell ,sy/em--a f$]ation ( self-gov]n+ companies1 unit$ by a c5tral company t is ! busie/ ( !m all4 ,x is no long] protect$ by any pat5t monopoly4 ,:oev] is ri* en\gh & ra% en\gh may ent] ! field4 ,b x has all ! immeasurable advantages t come f long exp]i5ce1 imm5se bulk1 ! mo/ highly skill$ speciali/s1 & an abundance ( capital4 ,! ,bell ,sy/em is /rong1 says ,vail1 because we are all ti$ up toge!r2 & ! success ( "o is !re=e ! conc]n ( all4 ,! ,bell ,sy/em6 ,"h we h ! motif ( ,am]ican telephone developm5t4 ,"h is ! mo/ compreh5sive idea t has ent]$ any telephone eng9e]'s bra94 ,already ?is ,bell ,sy/em has gr[n to be s va/1 s ne>ly ak9 to a national n]ve sy/em1 t !re is no?+ else to :i* we c comp>e x4 ,x is s wide-spread t few are aw>e ( its greatness4 ,x is /rung out ov] fifty ?\s& cities & communities4 ,if x 7 all ga!r$ toge!r into "o place1 ?is ,bell ,sy/em1 x w\ld make a city ( ,telephonia z l>ge z ,baltimore4 ,x w\ld conta9 half ( ! telephone prop]ty ( ! _w4 ,its actual weal? w\ld be fully #gfj1jjj1jjj1 & its rev5ue w\ld be great] ?an ! rev5ue ( ! city ( ,new ,york4 ,"p ( ! prop]ty ( ! city ( ,telephonia consi/s ( t5 million poles1 z _m z w\ld make a f5ce f ,new ,york to ,cali=nia1 or put a /ockade ar\nd ,texas4 ,if ! ,telephonians wi%$ to use ^! poles at home1 !y might drive !m 9 z piles along _! wat]-front1 & h a tw5ty-five ?\s&-acre dock2 or if _! city 7 a hundr$ squ>e miles 9 ext5t1 !y might set up a sev5-ply wall ar\nd x ) ^! poles4 ,wire1 too6 ,elev5 million miles ( x6 ,?is city ( ,telephonia w\ld be ! capital ( an empire ( wire4 ,n all ! m5 9 ,new ,york ,/ate c\ld %\ld] ?is burd5 ( wire & c>ry x4 ,?r[ all ! p ( ,ill9ois 9 "o end ( ! scale1 & put on ! o!r side ! wire-weal? ( ,telephonia1 & long be=e ! la/ coil 0 9 place1 ! ,ill9oisans w\ld be 9 ! air4 ,:at w\ld ?is city d = a liv+8 ,x w\ld make two-?irds ( ! telephones1 cables1 & swit*bo>ds ( all c\ntries4 ,ne>ly "o-qu>t] ( its citiz5s w\ld "w 9 factories1 :ile ! o!rs w\ld be busy 9 six ?\s& ex*anges1 mak+ x possible = ! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to talk to "o ano!r at ! rate ( ,,sev5 ,,?\s& ,,million ,,conv]sations ,a ,,ye>4 ,! pay-envelope army t moves to "w e morn+ 9 ,telephonia w\ld be a ho/ ( "o hundr$ & t5 ?\s& m5 & girls1 mo/ly girls1--z _m girls z w\ld fill ,vass> ,college a hundr$ times & m1 or d\ble ! population ( ,nevada4 ,put ^! m5 & girls 9 l9e1 m>* !m t5 abrea/1 & six h\rs w\ld pass be=e ! la/ company w\ld arrive at ! review+ /&4 ,9 s+le file ?is ?rong ( ,telephonians w\ld make a liv+ wall f ,new ,york to ,new ,hav54 ,su* is ! extraord9>y city ( :i* ,alex&] ,graham ,bell 0 ! only resid5t 9 #ahge4 ,x has be5 built up )\t ! back+ ( any great bank or multi-millionaire4 ,!re h be5 no ,v&]bilts 9 x1 no ,a/ors1 ,rockefell]s1 ,ro?s*ilds1 ,h>rimans4 ,!re are ev5 n[ only f\r m5 :o own z _m z t5 ?\s& %>es ( ! /ock ( ! c5tral company4 ,?is ,bell ,sy/em /&s z ! life-"w ( unprivileg$ m51 :o are = ! mo/ "p /ill alive & busy4 ,) v few & trivial exceptions1 e "p ( x 0 made 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,no o!r indu/rial organism ( equal size owes =eign c\ntries s little4 ,alike 9 its orig91 its developm5t1 & its highe/ po9t ( effici5cy & expansion1 ! telephone is z ess5tially ,am]ican z ! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce or ! monum5t on ,bunk] ,hill4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,notable ,,us]s ,,( ,,! ,,telephone ,:at we might call ! telephonization ( city life1 = lack ( a simpl] ^w1 has rem>kably alt]$ our mann] ( liv+ f :at x 0 9 ! days ( ,abraham ,l9coln4 ,x has enabl$ u to be m social & coop]ative4 ,x has lit]ally aboli%$ ! isolation ( sep>ate families1 & has made u memb]s ( "o great family4 ,x has become s truly an organ ( ! social body t by telephone we n[ ent] into contracts1 give evid5ce1 try lawsuits1 make spee*es1 propose m>riage1 conf] degrees1 appeal to vot]s1 & d almo/ ev]y?+ else t is a matt] ( spee*4 ,9 /ores & hotels ?is wire traffic has gr[n to an almo/ bewild]+ ext5t1 z ^! are ! places :]e _m int]e/s meet4 ,! hundr$ l>ge/ hotels 9 ,new ,york ,city h tw5ty-"o ?\s& telephones--ne>ly z _m z ! cont95t ( ,africa & m ?an ! k+dom ( ,spa94 ,9 an av]age ye> !y s5d six million messages4 ,! ,waldorf-,a/oria alone tops all resid5tial build+s ) elev5 hundr$ & tw5ty telephones & five hundr$ ?\s& calls a ye>2 :ile m]ely ! ,*ri/mas ,eve ord]s t fla% into ,m>%all ,field's /ore1 or ,john ,wanamak]'s1 h ris5 z high z ! ?ree ?\s& m>k4 ,:e!r ! telephone does mo/ to conc5trate population1 or to scatt] x1 is a "q t has n yet be5 exam9$4 ,x is c]ta9ly true t x has made ! skyscrap] possible1 & ?us help$ to create an absolutely new type ( city1 su* z 0 nev] imag9$ ev5 9 ! fairy tales ( anci5t nations4 ,! skyscrap] is t5 ye>s y\ng] ?an ! telephone4 ,x is n[ g5]ally se5 to be ! ideal build+ = bus9ess (fices4 ,x is "o ( ! few types ( ar*itecture t may fairly be call$ ,am]ican4 ,& its effici5cy is l>gely1 if n ma9ly1 due to ! fact t its inhabitants may run err&s by telephone z well z by elevator4 ,!re seems to be no sort ( activity :i* is n be+ made m conv5i5t by ! telephone4 ,x is us$ to call ! duck-%oot]s 9 ,we/]n ,canada :5 a flock ( birds has arriv$2 & to direct ! movem5ts ( ! ,dragon 9 ,wagn]'s gr& op]a ,siegfri$4 ,at ! la/ ,yale-,h>v>d football game1 x convey$ almo/ in/antane\s news to fifty ?\s& p 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,new ,engl&4 ,at ! ,v&]bilt ,cup ,race its wires girdl$ ! track & report$ e ga9 or mi%ap ( ! rac+ autos4 ,& at su* exp5sive pageants z t ( ! ,quebec ,t]c5t5>y 9 #aijh1 :]e f\r ?\s& actors came & w5t ^u a t5-acre /age1 e ord] 0 giv5 by telephone4 ,public (ficials1 ev5 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 h be5 sl[ to *ange f ! old-fa%ion$ & m dignifi$ use ( writt5 docum5ts & uni=m$ mess5g]s2 b 9 ! la/ t5 ye>s !re has be5 a sweep+ revolution 9 ?is respect4 ,gov]nm5t by telephone6 ,?is is a new idea t has already arriv$ 9 ! m effici5t dep>tm5ts ( ! ,f$]al s]vice4 ,& z = ! pres5t ,congress1 t body has gone s f> z to plan = a special sy/em ( its own1 9 bo? ,h\ses1 s t all (ficial ann\ncem5ts may be he>d by wire4 ,g>field 0 ! fir/ among ,am]ican ,presid5ts to possess a telephone4 ,an exhibition in/rum5t 0 plac$ 9 8 h\se1 )\t co/1 9 #ahgh1 :ile he 0 /ill a memb] ( ,congress4 ,nei!r ,clevel& nor ,h>rison1 = temp]am5tal reasons1 us$ ! magic wire v (t54 ,"u _! regime1 !re 0 "o lonely idle telephone 9 ! ,:ite ,h\se1 us$ by ! s]vants sev]al times a week4 ,b ) ,mc,kinley came a new ord] ( ?+s4 ,to him a telephone 0 m ?an a necessity4 ,x 0 a pa/ime1 an exhil>at+ sport4 ,he 0 ! "o ,presid5t :o really revell$ 9 ! com=ts ( telephony4 ,9 #ahie he sat 9 8 ,canton home & he>d ! *e]s ( ! ,*icago ,conv5tion4 ,lat] he sat !re & ran ! fir/ presid5tial telephone campaign2 talk$ to 8 manag]s 9 ?irty-eight ,/ates4 ,?us he came to reg>d ! telephone ) a high] degree ( appreciation ?an any ( 8 pr$ecessors _h done1 & eulogiz$ x on _m public occasions4 ,x is br++ u all clos] toge!r1 0 8 favorite phrase4 ,to ,roosevelt ! telephone 0 ma9ly = em]g5cies4 ,he us$ x to ! full dur+ ! ,*icago ,conv5tion ( #aijg & ! ,peace ,conf]5ce at ,portsm\?4 ,b ) ,taft ! telephone became aga9 ! common av5ue ( conv]sation4 ,he has introduc$ at lea/ "o new telephonic cu/om a long-di/ance talk ) 8 family e ev5+1 :5 he is away f home4 ,in/ead ( ! solit>y telephone ( ,clevel&-,h>rison days1 ! ,:ite ,h\se has n[ a bran* ex*ange ( its own--,ma9 #f--) a %eaf ( wires t bran* out into e room z well z to ! ne>e/ c5tral4 ,next to public (ficials1 bank]s 7 p]haps ! la/ to accept ! facilities ( ! telephone4 ,!y 7 sl[ to ab&on ! fallacy t no bus9ess c be done )\t a writt5 record4 ,james ,/illman1 ( ,new ,york1 0 fir/ among bank]s to =esee ! telephone era4 ,z e>ly z #ahge1 :ile ,bell 0 tea*+ 8 infant telephone to talk1 ,/illman risk$ two ?\s& doll>s 9 a s*eme to e/abli% a crude dial sy/em ( wire communication1 :i* lat] grew into ,new ,york's fir/ telephone ex*ange4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 ! bank] :o works close/ to 8 telephone is probably ,george ,w4 ,p]k9s1 ( ! ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan gr\p ( bank]s4 ,he is ! only man1 says ,morgan1 :o c raise tw5ty millions 9 tw5ty m9utes4 ,! ,p]k9s plan ( rapid transit telephony is to prep>e a li/ ( names1 f t5 to ?irty1 & to fla% f "o to ano!r z fa/ z ! op]ator c r+ !m up4 ,rec5tly "o ( ! o!r memb]s ( ! ,morgan bank propos$ to enl>ge its telephone equipm5t4 ,:at w we ga9 by m wires8 ask$ ! op]ator4 ,if we 7 to put 9 a six-hundr$ pair cable1 ,mr4 ,p]k9s w\ld keep x busy4 ,! mo/ brilliant feat ( ! telephone 9 ! f9ancial _w 0 done dur+ ! panic ( #aijg4 ,at ! height ( ! /orm1 on a ,saturday ev5+1 ! ,new ,york bank]s met 9 an almo/ desp]ate conf]5ce4 ,!y decid$1 z an em]g5cy measure ( self-protection1 n to %ip ca% to ,we/]n banks4 ,at midnight !y telephon$ ?is decision to ! bank]s ( ,*icago & ,/4 ,l\is4 ,^! m51 9 turn1 conf]r$ by telephone1 & on ,sunday aft]noon call$ up ! bank]s ( neighbor+ ,/ates4 ,& s ! news w5t f 'phone to 'phone1 until by ,monday morn+ all bank]s & *ief depositors 7 aw>e ( ! situation1 & prep>$ = ! team-play t prev5t$ any g5]al disa/]4 ,z = /ockbrok]s ( ! ,wall ,/reet species1 !y transact practically all _! bus9ess by telephone4 ,9 _! /ock ex*ange /& six hundr$ & =ty "o boo?s1 ea* "o ! t]m9us ( a private wire4 ,a firm ( brok]s w c\nt x an ord9>y ye>'s talk+ to s5d fifty ?\s& messages2 & !re is "o firm :i* la/ ye> s5t twice z _m4 ,( all brok]s1 ! "o :o f9ally accompli%$ mo/ by telephony 0 unque/ionably ,e4 ,h4 ,h>riman4 ,9 ! mansion t he built at ,ard51 !re 7 a hundr$ telephones1 sixty ( !m l9k$ to ! long-di/ance l9es4 ,:at ! bru% is to ! arti/1 :at ! *isel is to ! sculptor1 ! telephone 0 to ,h>riman4 ,he built 8 =tune ) x4 ,x 0 9 8 libr>y1 8 ba?room1 8 private c>1 8 camp 9 ! ,oregon wild]-ness4 ,no transaction 0 too l>ge or too involv$ to be settl$ ov] its wires4 ,he sav$ ! cr$it ( ! ,erie by telephone--l5t x five million doll>s z he lay at home on a sickb$4 ,he is a slave to ! telephone1 wrote a magaz9e writ]4 ,nons5se1 repli$ ,h>riman1 x is a slave to me4 ,! telephone arriv$ 9 "t to prev5t big corporations f be+ unwieldy & ari/ocratic4 ,! =eman ( a ,pittsburg coal company may n[ /& 9 8 subt]ranean (fice & talk to ! presid5t ( ! ,/eel ,tru/1 :o sits on ! tw5ty-fir/ floor ( a ,new ,york skyscrap]4 ,! long-di/ance talks1 especially1 h gr[n to be indisp5sable to ! corporations ^: plants are scatt]$ & geographically misplac$--to ! mills ( ,new ,engl&1 = in/ance1 t use ! cotton ( ! ,s\? & sell s mu* ( _! product to ! ,middle ,we/4 ,to ! companies t sell p]i%able commodities1 an in/antane\s conv]sation ) a buy] 9 a di/ant city has (t5 sav$ a c>load or a c>go4 ,su* cat]]s z ! meat-pack]s1 :o 7 among ! fir/ to realize :at ,bell _h made possible1 h greatly accel]at$ ! :eels ( _! bus9ess by int]-city conv]sations4 ,= t5 ye>s or long] ! ,cudahys h talk$ e bus9ess morn+ betwe5 ,omaha & ,bo/on1 via fifte5 hundr$ & sev5ty miles ( wire4 ,9 ! ref9+ ( oil1 ! ,/&>d ,oil ,company alone1 at its ,new ,york (fice1 s5ds two hundr$ & ?irty ?\s& messages a ye>4 ,9 ! mak+ ( /eel1 a *emical analysis is made ( ea* caldron ( molt5 pig-iron1 :5 x />ts on its way to be ref9$1 & ?is analysis is s5t by telephone to ! /eelmak]1 s t he w "k exactly h[ ea* potful is to be h&l$4 ,9 ! float+ ( logs d[n riv]s1 in/ead ( hav+ relays ( %\t]s to prev5t ! logs f jamm+1 !re is n[ a wire along ! bank1 ) a telephone l9k$ on at e po9t ( dang]4 ,9 ! re>+ ( skyscrap]s1 x is n[ usual to h a tempor>y wire /rung v]tically1 s t ! ar*itect may /& on ! gr\nd & conf] ) a =eman :o sits a/ride ( a nak$ gird] ?ree hundr$ feet up 9 ! air4 ,& 9 ! electric light bus9ess1 ! curr5t is di/ribut$ :olly by telephon$ ord]s4 ,to give ,new ,york ! sev5 million electric lights t h aboli%$ night 9 t city requires twelve private ex*anges & five hundr$ & twelve telephones4 ,all ! p[] t creates ?is artificial daylight is g5]at$ at a s+le /ation1 & let fl[ to tw5ty-five /orage c5tres4 ,m9ute by m9ute1 its fl[ is guid$ by an exp]t1 :o sits at a telephone ex*ange z ?\gh he 7 a pilot at ! :eel ( an ocean l9]4 ,! fir/ /eam%ip l9e to take notice ( ! telephone 0 ! ,clyde1 :i* _h a wire f dock to (fice 9 #ahgg2 & ! fir/ railway 0 ! ,p5nsylvania1 :i* two ye>s lat] 0 p]suad$ by ,pr(essor ,bell himself to give x a trial 9 ,altoona4 ,s9ce !n1 ?is railroad has become ! *ief b5efici>y ( ! art ( telephony4 ,x has "o hundr$ & sev5ty-five ex*anges1 f\r hundr$ op]ators1 ?irte5 ?\s& telephones1 & tw5ty ?\s& miles ( wire--a m ample sy/em ?an ! city ( ,new ,york _h 9 #ahif4 ,to-day ! telephone goes to sea 9 ! pass5g] /eam] & ! w>%ip4 ,its wires are wait+ at ! dock & ! depot1 s t a t\ri/ may sit 9 8 /at]oom & talk ) a fri5d 9 "s di/ant (fice4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ incr$ible miracles ( telephony t a pass5g] at ,new ,york1 :o is ab\t to />t = ,*icago on a fa/ express1 may telephone to ,*icago f ! draw+-room ( a ,pullman4 ,he himself1 on ! swifte/ ( all tra9s1 w n arrive 9 ,*icago = eighte5 h\rs2 b ! fly+ words c make ! j\rney1 & ,,return1 :ile 8 tra9 is wait+ = ! signal to />t4 ,9 ! op]ation ( tra9s1 ! railroads h wait$ ?irty ye>s be=e !y d>$ to tru/ ! telephone1 j z !y wait$ fifte5 ye>s be=e !y d>$ to tru/ ! telegraph4 ,9 #ahhc a few railways us$ ! telephone 9 a small way1 b 9 #aijg1 :5 a law 0 pass$ t made telegraph]s highly exp5sive1 !re 0 a g5]al sw+ to ! telephone4 ,sev]al doz5 roads h n[ put x 9 use1 "s employ+ x z an associate ( ! ,morse me?od & o!rs z a complete sub/itute4 ,x has already be5 f\nd to be ! quicke/ way ( despat*+ tra9s4 ,x w d 9 five m9utes :at ! telegraph did 9 t54 ,& x has enabl$ railroads to hire m suitable m5 = ! small] (fices4 ,9 news-ga!r+1 too1 mu* m ?an 9 railroad+1 ! day ( ! telephone has arriv$4 ,! ,bo/on ,globe 0 ! fir/ pap] to receive news by telephone4 ,lat] came ,! ,wa%+ton ,/>1 :i* _h a wire /rung to ! ,capitol1 & !reby ga9$ an h\r ov] its competitors4 ,to-day ! ev5+ pap]s receive mo/ ( _! news ov] ! wire a la ,bell in/ead ( a la ,morse4 ,?is has result$ 9 a specialization ( report]s--"o man runs = ! news & ano!r man writes x4 ,"s ( ! runn]s nev] come to ! (fice4 ,!y receive _! assignm5ts by telephone1 & _! sal>ies by mail4 ,!re are ev5 a few :o are all[$ to telephone _! news directly to a swift l9otype op]ator1 :o clicks x into type on 8 ma*9e1 )\t ! scrat* ( a p5cil4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is ! ideal me?od ( news-ga!r+1 :i* is r>ely possible4 ,a pap] ( ! fir/ class1 su* z ,! ,new ,york ,_w1 has n[ an outfit ( tw5ty trunk l9es & eighty telephones4 ,its outgo+ calls are two hundr$ ?\s& a ye> & its incom+ calls ?ree hundr$ ?\s&1 :i* means t = e morn+1 ev5+1 or ,sunday edition1 !re has be5 an av]age ( sev5 hundr$ & fifty messages4 ,! ord9>y newspap] 9 a small t[n _c af=d su* a s]vice1 b rec5tly ! ,unit$ ,press has orig9at$ a coop]ative me?od4 ,x telephones ! news ov] "o wire to t5 or twelve newspap]s at "o "t4 ,9 t5 m9utes a ?\s& words c 9 ?is way be flung out to a doz5 t[ns1 z quickly z by telegraph & mu* *eap]4 ,b x is 9 a dang]\s crisis1 :5 safety seems to hang ^u a second1 t ! telephone is at its be/4 ,x is ! in/rum5t ( em]g5cies1 a sort ( ubiquit\s wat*man4 ,:5 ! girl op]ator 9 ! ex*ange he>s a cry = help--,quick6 ,! hospital6 ,! fire dep>tm5t6 ,! police6 %e seldom waits to he> ! numb]4 ,%e kn[s x4 ,%e is tra9$ to save half-seconds4 ,& x is at su* mom5ts1 if ev]1 t ! us]s ( a telephone c appreciate its insurance value4 ,no d\bt1 if a ,k+ ,ri*>d ,,iii 7 wor/$ on a mod]n battlefield1 8 in/9ctive cry w\ld be1 ,my ,k+dom = a telephone6 ,:5 in/ant action is ne$$ 9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 a ,g5]al ,al>m c 9 five m9utes be s5t by ! police wires ov] its :ole va/ area ( ?ree hundr$ squ>e miles4 ,:51 rec5tly1 a gas ma9 broke 9 ,brooklyn1 sixty girls 7 at once call$ to ! c5trals 9 t "p ( ! city to w>n ! t5 ?\s& families :o _h be5 plac$ 9 dang]4 ,:5 ! ill-fat$ ,g5]al ,slocum caught fire1 a me*anic 9 a factory on ! wat]-front saw ! blaze1 & _h ! pres5ce ( m9d to telephone ! newspap]s1 ! hospitals1 & ! police4 ,:5 a small *ild is lo/1 or a convict has escap$ f prison1 or ! =e/ is on fire1 or "s m5ace f ! wea!r is at h&1 ! telephone bells clang out ! news1 j z ! n]ves jangle ! bells ( pa9 :5 ! body is 9 dang]4 ,9 "o tragic case1 ! op]ator 9 ,folsom1 ,new ,mexico1 refus$ to quit h] po/ until %e _h w>n$ h] p ( a flood t _h brok5 loose 9 ! hills above ! village4 ,because ( h] c\rage1 ne>ly all 7 sav$1 ?\gh %e h]self 0 dr[n$ at ! swit*bo>d4 ,h] "n--,mrs4 ,s4 ,j4 ,rooke--des]ves to be rememb]$4 ,if a disa/] _c be prev5t$1 x is ! telephone1 usually1 t br+s fir/ aid to ! injur$4 ,aft] ! de/ruction ( ,san ,francisco1 ,gov]nor ,guild1 ( ,massa*usetts1 s5t an appeal = ! /rick5 city to ! ?ree hundr$ & fifty-f\r mayors ( 8 ,/ate2 & by ! c\rtesy ( ! ,bell ,company1 :i* c>ri$ ! messages free1 !y 7 deliv]$ to ! la/ & fur!rmo/ mayors 9 less ?an five h\rs4 ,aft] ! de/ruction ( ,mess9a1 an ord] = en\gh lumb] to build t5 ?\s& new h\ses 0 cabl$ to ,new ,york & telephon$ to ,we/]n lumb]m54 ,s quickly 0 ?is ord] fill$ t on ! twelf? day aft] ! arrival ( ! cablegram1 ! %ips 7 on _! way to ,mess9a ) ! lumb]4 ,aft] ! ,kansas ,city flood ( #aijc1 :5 ! dr5*$ city 0 )\t railways or /reet-c>s or electric lights1 x 0 ! telephone t held ! city toge!r & br\ght help to ! dang]-spots4 ,& aft] ! ,baltimore fire1 ! telephone ex*ange 0 ! la/ =ce to quit & ! fir/ to recov]4 ,its girls sat on _! /ools at ! swit*bo>d until ! w9d[-panes 7 brok5 by ! heat4 ,!n !y pull$ ! cov]s ov] ! bo>d & walk$ out4 ,two h\rs lat] ! build+ 0 9 a%es4 ,?ree h\rs lat] ano!r build+ 0 r5t$ on ! unburn$ rim ( ! city1 & ! wire *iefs 7 at "w4 ,9 "o day !re 0 a sy/em ( wires = ! use ( ! city (ficials4 ,9 two days ^! 7 l9k$ to long-di/ance wires2 & 9 elev5 days a two-?\s&-l9e swit*bo>d 0 9 full work+ trim4 ,?is feat /ill /&s z ! record 9 rebuild+4 ,9 ! supreme em]g5cy ( w>1 ! telephone is z indisp5sable1 v ne>ly1 z ! cannon4 ,?is1 at lea/1 is ! belief ( ! ,japanese1 :o h&l$ _! armies by telephone :5 !y drove back ! ,russians4 ,ea* body ( ,japanese troops mov$ =w>d l a silkworm1 leav+ beh9d x a gli/5+ /r& ( r$ copp] wire4 ,at ! decisive battle ( ,mukd51 ! silk-worm army1 ) a million legs1 crept aga9/ ! ,russian ho/s 9 a va/ cresc5t1 a hundr$ miles f end to end4 ,by means ( ?is gli/5+ r$ wire1 ! v>i\s batt]ies & regim5ts 7 organiz$ into fifte5 divisions4 ,ea* gr\p ( ?ree divisions 0 wir$ to a g5]al1 & ! five g5]als 7 wir$ to ! great ,oyama himself1 :o sat t5 miles back ( ! fir+-l9e & s5t 8 ord]s4 ,:5ev] a regim5t lung$ =w>d1 "o ( ! soldi]s c>ri$ a telephone set4 ,if !y held _! position1 two o!r soldi]s ran =w>d ) a spool ( wire4 ,9 ?is way & "u fire ( ! ,russian cannon1 "o hundr$ & fifty miles ( wire 7 /rung across ! battlefield4 ,z ! ,japanese said1 x 0 ?is fly+ telephone t enabl$ ,oyama to manipulate 8 =ces z h&ily z ?\gh he 7 play+ a game ( *ess4 ,x 0 9 ?is w>1 too1 t ! ,mikado's soldi]s /rung ! co/lie/ ( all telephone l9es1 at #bjc ,metre ,hill4 ,:5 ! wire _h be5 ba/$ up ?is hill to ! summit1 ! =tress ( ,port ,ar?ur lay at _! m]cy4 ,b ! climb _h co/ !m tw5ty-f\r ?\s& lives4 ,( ! sev5 million telephones 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ab\t two million are n[ 9 f>mh\ses4 ,e f\r? ,am]ican f>m] is 9 telephone t\* ) 8 neighbors & ! m>ket4 ,i[a leads1 among ! f>m+ ,/ates4 ,9 ,i[a1 n to h a telephone is to belong to :at a ,london] w\ld call ! subm]g$ t5? ( ! population4 ,second 9 l9e comes ,ill9ois1 ) ,kansas1 ,nebraska1 & ,indiana foll[+ closely beh9d2 & at ! foot ( ! li/1 9 ! matt] ( f>m telephones1 are ,connecticut & ,l\isiana4 ,! fir/ f>m] :o discov]$ ! value ( ! telephone 0 ! m>ket g>d5]4 ,next came ! bonanza f>m] ( ! ,r$ ,riv] ,valley--su* a man1 = in/ance1 z ,oliv] ,dalrymple1 ( ,nor? ,dakota1 :o f\nd t by ! aid ( ! telephone he c\ld plant & h>ve/ ?irty ?\s& acres ( :eat 9 a s+le season4 ,!n1 n m ?an half a doz5 ye>s ago1 !re arose a v]itable ,telephone ,crusade among ! f>m]s ( ! ,middle ,we/4 ,*eap telephones1 yet fairly good1 _h by ?is "t be5 made possible by ! improvem5ts ( ! ,bell eng9e]s2 & /ories ( :at c\ld be done by telephone became ! favorite gossip ( ! day4 ,"o f>m] _h kept 8 b>n f be+ burn$ d[n by telephon+ = 8 neighbors2 ano!r _h cle>$ five hundr$ doll>s extra pr(it on ! sale ( 8 cattle1 by telephon+ to ! be/ m>ket2 a ?ird _h rescu$ a flock ( %eep by s5d+ quick news ( an approa*+ blizz>d2 a f\r? _h sav$ 8 son's life by gett+ an in/antane\s message to ! doctor2 & s on4 ,h[ ! telephone sav$ a ?ree million doll> fruit crop 9 ,colorado1 9 #aiji1 is ! /ory t is (t5e/ told 9 ! ,we/4 ,until t ye>1 ! fro/s 9 ! ,spr+ nipp$ ! buds4 ,no f>m] c\ld be sure ( 8 h>ve/4 ,b 9 #aiji1 ! fruit-gr[]s b\ght smudge-pots--?ree hundr$ ?\s& or m4 ,^! 7 plac$ 9 ! or*>ds1 ready to be lit at a mom5t's notice4 ,next1 an alliance 0 made ) ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,wea!r ,bureau s t :5ev] ! ,fro/ ,k+ came d[n f ! nor?1 a w>n+ c\ld be telephon$ to ! f>m]s4 ,j :5 ,colorado 0 p9k ) apple blossoms1 ! fir/ w>n+ came4 ,get ready to light up y\r smudge-pots 9 half an h\r4 ,!n ! f>m]s telephon$ to ! ne>e/ t[ns3 ,fro/ is com+2 come & help u 9 ! or*>ds4 ,hundr$s ( m5 ru%$ out into ! c\ntry on horseback & 9 wagons4 ,9 half an h\r ! la/ w>n+ came3 ,light up2 ! !rmomet] regi/]s tw5ty-n9e4 ,! smudge-pot artill]y 0 set ablaze1 & kept blaz+ until ! news came t ! icy =ces _h retreat$4 ,& 9 ?is way e ,colorado f>m] :o _h a telephone sav$ 8 fruit4 ,9 "s f>m+ ,/ates1 ! en?usiasm = ! telephone is runn+ s high t mass meet+s are held1 ) lavi% oratory on ! g5]al !me ( ,good ,roads & ,telephones4 ,& z a result ( ?is ,telephone ,crusade1 !re are n[ ne>ly tw5ty ?\s& gr\ps ( f>m]s1 ea* "o ) a mutual telephone sy/em1 & "o-half ( !m ) suffici5t ent]prise to l9k _! little webs ( wires to ! va/ ,bell sy/em1 s t at lea/ a million f>m]s h be5 br\ght z close to ! great cities z !y are to _! own b>ns4 ,:at telephones h done to br+ 9 ! pres5t era ( big crops1 is an int]e/+ /ory 9 itself4 ,to compress x into a s5t5ce1 we might say t ! telephone has complet$ ! labor-sav+ movem5t :i* />t$ ) ! ,mc,cormick reap] 9 #ahca4 ,x has lift$ ! f>m] above ! wa/efulness ( be+ 8 own err&-boy4 ,! av]age l5g? ( haul f b>n to m>ket 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is n9e & a half miles1 s t e trip sav$ means an extra day's "w = a man & team4 ,in/ead ( travell+ back & =?1 (t5 to no purpose1 ! f>m] may n[ /ay at home & att5d to 8 /ock & 8 crops4 ,z yet1 few f>m]s h le>n$ to appreciate ! value ( quality 9 telephone s]vice1 z !y h 9 o!r l9es4 ,! same man :o w pay six prices = ! be/ se$-corn1 & :o w all[ no?+ b high-grade cattle 9 8 b>n1 w at ! same "t be cont5t ) ! %abbie/ & flimsie/ telephone s]vice1 )\t (f]+ any o!r excuse ?an t x is *eap4 ,b ?is is a transi5t phase ( f>m telephony4 ,! co/ ( an effici5t f>m sy/em is n[ s little--n m ?an two doll>s a mon?1 t ! pres5t tra%y l9es are c]ta9 soon] or lat] to g to ! junk-heap ) ! sickle & ! flail & all ! o!r *eap & unpr(itable ?+s4 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,! ,,telephone ,,& ,,national ,,effici5cy ,! l>g] significance ( ! telephone is t x completes ! "w ( elim9at+ ! h]mit & gypsy elem5ts ( civilization4 ,9 an almo/ ideal way1 x has made int]communication possible )\t travel4 ,x has enabl$ a man to settle p]man5tly 9 "o place1 & yet keep 9 p]sonal t\* ) 8 fell[s4 ,until ! la/ few c5turies1 mu* ( ! _w 0 probably :at ,morocco is to-day--a region )\t :eel$ vehicles or ev5 roads ( any sort4 ,!re is a my?ical /ory ( a wond]ful speak+-trumpet possess$ by ,alex&] ! ,great1 by :i* he c\ld call a soldi] :o 0 t5 miles di/ant2 b !re 0 probably no sub/itute = ! human voice except flags & beacon-fires1 or any fa/] me?od ( travel ?an ! gait ( a horse or a camel across ungrad$ pla9s4 ,! fir/ s5sation ( rapid transit d\btless came ) ! sail+ vessel2 b x 0 ! play-toy ( ! w9ds1 & unreliable4 ,:5 ,columbus d>$ to set out on 8 fam\s voyage1 he 0 five weeks 9 cross+ f ,spa9 to ! ,we/ ,indies1 8 be/ day's record two hundr$ miles4 ,! swift /eam%ip travel ( to-day did n beg9 until #ahch1 :5 ! ,great ,we/]n rac$ ov] ! ,atlantic 9 fifte5 days4 ,z = organiz$ sy/ems ( int]communication1 !y 7 unkn[n ev5 "u ! rule ( a ,p]icles or a ,caes>4 ,!re 0 no po/ (fice 9 ,great ,brita9 until #afef--;a g5]ation aft] ,am]ica _h begun to be coloniz$4 ,!re 0 no ,engli% mail-coa* until #aghd2 & :5 ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 0 ,po/ma/] ,g5]al at ,philadelphia1 an answ] by mail f ,bo/on1 :5 all w5t well1 requir$ n less ?an ?ree weeks4 ,!re 0 n ev5 a h>d-surface road 9 ! ?irte5 ,unit$ ,/ates until #agid2 nor ev5 a po/age /amp until #ahdg1 ! ye> 9 :i* ,alex&] ,graham ,bell 0 born4 ,9 ?is same ye> ,h5ry ,clay deliv]$ 8 memorable spee* on ! ,mexican ,w>1 at ,lex+ton1 ,k5tucky1 & x 0 telegraph$ to ,! ,new ,york ,h]ald at a co/ ( five hundr$ doll>s1 ?us break+ all previ\s records = news-ga!r+ ent]prise4 ,elev5 ye>s lat] ! fir/ cable e/abli%$ an in/antane\s sign-language betwe5 ,am]icans & ,europeans2 & 9 #ahgf !re came ! p]fect di/ance-talk+ ( ! telephone4 ,no inv5tion has be5 m timely ?an ! telephone4 ,x arriv$ at ! exact p]iod :5 x 0 ne$$ = ! organization ( great cities & ! unification ( nations4 ,! new ideas & en]gies ( sci5ce1 comm]ce1 & coop]ation 7 beg9n+ to w9 victories 9 all p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,! fir/ railroad _h j arriv$ 9 ,*9a2 ! fir/ p>liam5t 9 ,japan2 ! fir/ con/itution 9 ,spa94 ,/anley 0 mov+ l a t9y po9t ( light ?r\gh ! he>t ( ! ,d>k ,cont95t4 ,! ,univ]sal ,po/al ,union _h be5 organiz$ 9 a little hall 9 ,b]ne4 ,! ,r$ ,cross movem5t 0 twelve ye>s old4 ,an ,int]national ,congress ( ,hygi5e 0 be+ held at ,brussells1 & an ,int]national ,congress ( ,m$ic9e at ,philadelphia4 ,de ,lesseps _h f9i%$ ! ,suez ,canal & 0 exam9+ ,panama4 ,italy & ,g]many _h rec5tly be5 built into nations2 ,france _h f9ally swept aside ! ,empire & ! ,commune & e/abli%$ ! ,republic4 ,& :at ) ! new ag5cies ( railroads1 /eam%ips1 *eap newspap]s1 cables1 & telegraphs1 ! civiliz$ races ( mank9d _h begun to be knit toge!r into a practical consolidation4 ,to ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 especially1 ! telephone came z a fri5d 9 ne$4 ,aft] a hundr$ ye>s ( gr[?1 ! ,republic 0 /ill a loose conf$]ation ( sep>ate ,/ates1 r ?an "o great unit$ nation4 ,x _h rec5tly fall5 ap>t = f\r ye>s1 ) a wide gulf ( blood betwe52 & ) two flags1 two ,presid5ts1 & two armies4 ,9 #ahgf x 0 hesitat+ halfway betwe5 d\bt & confid5ce1 betwe5 ! old political issues ( ,nor? & ,s\?1 & ! new indu/rial issues ( =eign trade & ! developm5t ( mat]ial res\rces4 ,! ,we/ 0 be+ ?r[n op54 ,! ,indians & buffaloes 7 be+ driv5 back4 ,!re 0 a l9e ( railway f ocean to ocean4 ,! population 0 ga9+ at ! rate ( a million a ye>4 ,colorado _h j be5 baptiz$ z a new ,/ate4 ,& x 0 /ill an unsolv$ problem :e!r or n ! ,unit$ ,/ates c\ld be kept unit$1 :e!r or n x c\ld be built into an organic nation )\t los+ ! _s ( self-help & democracy4 ,x is n easy = u to realize to-day h[ "y & primitive 0 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( #ahgf4 ,yet ! fact is t we h twice ! population t we _h :5 ! telephone 0 inv5t$4 ,we h twice ! :eat crop & twice z mu* money 9 circulation4 ,we h ?ree times ! railways1 banks1 libr>ies1 newspap]s1 exports1 f>m values1 & national weal?4 ,we h t5 million f>m]s :o make f\r times z mu* money z sev5 million f>m]s made 9 #ahgf4 ,we sp5d f\r times z mu* on our public s*ools1 & we put f\r times z mu* 9 ! sav+s bank4 ,we h five times z _m /ud5ts 9 ! colleges4 ,& we h s revolutioniz$ our me?ods ( production t we n[ produce sev5 times z mu* coal1 f\rte5 times z mu* oil & pig-iron1 tw5ty-two times z mu* copp]1 & =ty-?ree times z mu* /eel4 ,!re 7 no skyscrap]s 9 #ahgf1 no trolleys1 no electric lights1 no gasol9e eng9es1 no self-b9d]s1 no bicycles1 no automobiles4 ,!re 0 no ,oklahoma1 & ! comb9$ population ( ,montana1 ,wyom+1 ,idaho1 & ,arizona 0 ab\t equal to t ( ,des ,mo9es4 ,x 0 9 ?is ye> t ,g5]al ,cu/] 0 kill$ by ! ,si\x2 t ! flimsy iron railway bridge fell at ,a%tabula2 t ! ,molly ,maguires t]roriz$ ,p5nsylvania2 t ! fir/ wire ( ! ,brooklyn ,bridge 0 /rung2 & t ,boss ,twe$ & ,hell ,gate 7 bo? put out ( ! way 9 ,new ,york4 ,! ,great ,elm1 "u :i* ! ,revolution>y patriots _h met1 0 /ill /&+ on ,bo/on ,common4 ,daniel ,drew1 ! ,new ,york f9anci]1 :o 0 born be=e ! ,am]ican ,con/itution 0 adopt$1 0 /ill alive2 s 7 ,commodore ,v&]bilt1 ,joseph ,h5ry1 ,a4 ,t4 ,/ew>t1 ,?url[ ,we$1 ,pet] ,coop]1 ,cyrus ,mc,cormick1 ,lucretia ,mott1 ,bryant1 ,longfell[1 & ,em]son4 ,mo/ old p c\ld rememb] ! runn+ ( ! fir/ railway tra92 p ( middle age c\ld rememb] ! s5d+ ( ! fir/ telegraph message2 & ! *ildr5 9 ! high s*ools rememb]$ ! lay+ ( ! fir/ ,atlantic ,cable4 ,! gr&fa!rs ( #ahgf 7 fond ( tell+ h[ ,web/] oppos$ tak+ ,texas & ,oregon into ! ,union2 h[ ,george ,wa%+ton advis$ aga9/ includ+ ! ,mississippi ,riv]2 & h[ ,monroe w>n$ ,congress t a c\ntry t rea*$ f ! ,atlantic to ! ,middle ,we/ 0 too ext5sive to be gov]n$ b by a despotic mon>*y4 ,!y told h[ ,abraham ,l9coln1 :5 he 0 po/ma/] ( ,new ,salem1 us$ to c>ry ! lett]s 9 8 coon-sk9 cap & deliv] !m at sight2 h[ 9 #ahbb ! mails 7 c>ri$ on horseback & n 9 /ages1 s z to h ! quicke/ possible s]vice2 & h[ ! news ( ,madison's election 0 ?ree weeks 9 rea*+ ! p ( ,k5tucky4 ,:5 ! telegraph 0 m5tion$1 !y told h[ 9 ,revolution>y days ! patriots us$ a sy/em ( signall+ call$ ,wa%+ton's ,tele-graph1 consi/+ ( a pole1 a flag1 a basket1 & a b>rel4 ,s1 ! "y ,republic 0 /ill )9 he>+ di/ance ( its *ildhood1 9 #ahgf4 ,bo? 9 s5tim5t & 9 me?ods ( "w x 0 liv+ close to ! log-cab9 p]iod4 ,_m ( ! old sl[ ways surviv$1 ! ways t 7 fa/ en\gh 9 ! days ( ! /age-coa* & ! t9d]-box4 ,!re 7 sev5ty-sev5 ?\s& miles ( railway1 b poorly built & 9 %ort l5g?s4 ,!re 7 manufactur+ indu/ries t employ$ two million1 f\r hundr$ ?\s& p1 b e trade 0 brok5 up into a *aos ( small competitive units1 ea* at w> ) all ! o!rs4 ,!re 7 en]gy & ent]prise 9 ! highe/ degree1 b n effici5cy or organization4 ,little z we knew x1 9 #ahgf we 7 ma9ly ga!r+ toge!r ! plans & ! raw mat]ials = ! build+ up ( ! mod]n bus9ess _w1 ) its quick1 t5se life & its national /ructure ( imm5se coord9at$ indu/ries4 ,9 #ahgf ! age ( specialization & community ( int]e/ 0 9 its dawn4 ,! cobbl] _h giv5 place to ! elaborate factory1 9 :i* sev5ty m5 coop]at$ to make "o %oe4 ,! m]*ant :o _h hi!rto liv$ ov] 8 /ore n[ v5tur$ to h a home 9 ! suburbs4 ,no man 0 any long] a self-suffici5t ,rob9son ,crusoe4 ,he 0 a fraction1 a s+le "p ( a social me*anism1 :o mu/ necess>ily keep 9 ! close/ t\* ) _m o!rs4 ,a new int]dep5d5t =m ( civilization 0 ab\t to be develop$1 & ! telephone arriv$ 9 ! nick ( "t to make ?is new civilization workable & conv5i5t4 ,x 0 ! unfold+ ( a new organ4 ,j z ! eye _h become ! telescope1 & ! h& _h become ma*9]y1 & ! feet _h become railways1 s ! voice became ! telephone4 ,x 0 a new ideal me?od ( communication t _h be5 made indisp5sable by new conditions4 ,! prophecy ( ,c>lyle _h come true1 :5 he said t m5 _c n[ be b\nd to m5 by brass coll>s2 y w h to b9d !m by o!r f> nobl] & cunn+] me?ods4 ,railways & /eam%ips _h begun ?is "w ( b9d+ man to man by nobl] & cunn+] me?ods4 ,! telegraph & cable _h gone /ill f>!r & put all civiliz$ p )9 sight ( ea* o!r1 s t !y c\ld communicate by a sort ( deaf & dumb alphabet4 ,& !n came ! telephone1 giv+ direct in/antane\s communication & putt+ ! p ( ea* nation )9 he>+ di/ance ( ea* o!r4 ,x 0 ! completion ( a long s]ies ( inv5tions4 ,x 0 ! key/one ( ! ar*4 ,x 0 ! "o la/ improvem5t t enabl$ int]dep5d5t nations to h&le !mselves & to hold toge!r4 ,to make railways & /eamboats c>ry lett]s 0 mu*1 9 ! evolution ( ! means ( communication4 ,to make ! electric wire c>ry signals 0 m1 because ( ! in/antane\s transmission ( important news4 ,b to make ! electric wire c>ry spee* 0 ,,mo/1 because x put all fell[-citiz5s face to face1 & made bo? message & answ] in/antane\s4 ,! inv5tion ( ! telephone taught ! ,g5ie ( ,electricity to d bett] ?an to c>ry mes-sages 9 ! sign language ( ! dumb4 ,x taught him to speak4 ,z ,em]son has f9ely said3 ,we _h lett]s to s5d4 ,c\ri]s c\ld n g fa/ en\gh1 nor f> en\gh2 broke _! wagons1 f\nd]$ _! horses2 bad roads 9 ,spr+1 sn[drifts 9 ,w9t]1 heat 9 ,summ]--c\ld n get _! horses out ( a walk4 ,b we f\nd t ! air & ! e>? 7 full ( electricity1 & always go+ our way1 j ! way we want$ to s5d4 ,,w\ld ,,he ,,take ,a ,,message1 ,j z lief z n2 _h no?+ else to d2 w\ld c>ry x 9 no "t4 ,z to ! exact value ( ! telephone to ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 doll>s & c5ts1 no "o c tell4 ,"o /ati/ician has giv5 u a total ( ?ree million doll>s a day z ! am\nt sav$ by us+ telephones4 ,?is sum may be f> too high1 or too l[4 ,x c be no m ?an a guess4 ,! only adequate way to arrive at ! value ( ! telephone is to consid] ! nation z a :ole1 to take x all 9 all z a go+ conc]n1 & to note t su* a nation w\ld be absolutely impossible )\t its telephone s]vice4 ,"s sort ( a sl[] & l[] grade republic we might h1 ) small indu/rial units1 long h\rs ( labor1 l[] wages1 & clumsi] ways4 ,! money loss w\ld be enorm\s1 b m s]i\s /ill w\ld be ! loss 9 ! ,,quality ,,( ,,! ,,national ,,life4 ,inevitably1 an untelephon$ nation is less social1 less unifi$1 less progressive1 & less effici5t4 ,x belongs to an inf]ior species4 ,h[ to make a civilization t is organiz$ & quick1 in/ead ( a b>b>ism t 0 *aotic & sl[--t is ! univ]sal human problem1 n :olly solv$ to-day4 ,& h[ to develop a sci5ce ( int]communication1 :i* comm5c$ :5 ! wild animals began to travel 9 h]ds & to protect !mselves f _! enemies by a language ( dang]-signals1 & to democratize ?is sci5ce until ! entire nation becomes self-consci\s & able to act z "o liv+ be+--t is ! "p ( ?is univ]sal problem :i* f9ally necessitat$ ! inv5tion ( ! telephone4 ,) ! use ( ! telephone has come a new habit ( m9d4 ,! sl[ & sluggi% mood has be5 sl\gh$ (f4 ,! old to-morr[ habit has be5 sup]s$$ by ,d ,x ,to-day2 & life has become m t5se1 al]t1 vivid4 ,! bra9 has be5 reliev$ ( ! susp5se ( wait+ = an answ]1 :i* is a psy*ological ga9 ( great importance4 ,x receives its reply at once & is set free to consid] o!r matt]s4 ,!re is less burd5 ^u ! memory & ! ,,:ole ,,m9d c be giv5 to ea* new proposition4 ,a new in/9ct ( spe$ has be5 develop$1 mu* m fully 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ?an else:]e4 ,no ,am]ican goes sl[1 said ,ian ,macl>51 if he has ! *ance ( go+ fa/2 he does n /op to talk if he c talk walk+2 & he does n walk if he c ride4 ,he is z pleas$ z a *ild ) a new toy :5 "s spe$ record is brok51 :5 a pair ( %oes is made 9 elev5 m9utes1 :5 a man lays twelve hundr$ bricks 9 an h\r1 or :5 a %ip crosses ! ,atlantic 9 f\r & a half days4 ,ev5 seconds are n[ c\nt$ & split up into fractions4 ,! av]age "t1 = in/ance1 tak5 to reply to a telephone call by a ,new ,york op]ator1 is n[ ?ree & two-fif? seconds2 & ev5 ?is t9y atom ( "t is be+ /r5u\sly worn d[n4 ,z a witty ,fr5*man has said1 "o ( our mo/ lively regrets is t :ile we are at ! telephone we _c d bus9ess ) our feet4 ,we reg>d x z a victory ov] ! ho/ility ( nature :5 we d an h\r's "w 9 a m9ute or a m9ute's "w 9 a second4 ,in/ead ( say+1 z ! ,spani% d1 ,life is too %ort2 :at c "o p]son d8 an ,am]ican is m apt to say1 ,life is too %ort2 !re=e ,i mu/ d to-day's "w to-day4 ,to pack a lifetime ) en]gy--t is ! ,am]ican plan1 & s to economize t en]gy z to get ! l>ge/ results4 ,to get a "q ask$ & answ]$ 9 five m9utes by means ( an electric wire1 in/ead ( 9 two h\rs by ! sl[ trudg+ ( a mess5g] boy--t is ! me?od t be/ suits our passion = in/antane\s s]vice4 ,x is "o ( ! few social laws ( :i* we are fairly sure1 t a nation organizes 9 proportion to its velocity4 ,we "k t a f\r-mile-an-h\r nation mu/ rema9 a huge in]t mass ( peasants & villag]s2 or if1 aft] c5turies ( sl[ toil1 x %\ld pile up a great city1 ! city w soon] or lat] fall to pieces ( its own weight4 ,9 su* a way ,babylon rose & fell1 & ,n9eveh1 & ,!bes1 & ,c>?age1 & ,rome4 ,m]e bulk1 unorganiz$1 becomes its own de/roy]4 ,x dies ( clogg+ & conge/ion4 ,b :5 ,/eph5son's ,rocket ran tw5ty-n9e miles an h\r1 & ,morse's telegraph click$ its signals f ,wa%+ton to ,baltimore1 & ,bell's telephone fla%$ ! vibrations ( spee* betwe5 ,bo/on & ,salem1 a new era began4 ,9 came ! era ( spe$ & ! f9ely organiz$ nations4 ,9 came cities ( unprec$5t$ bulk1 b held toge!r s closely by a web-"w ( /eel rails & copp] wires t !y h become m al]t & coop]ative ?an any t9y hamlet ( mud huts on ! banks ( ! ,congo4 ,t ! telephone is n[ do+ mo/ ( all1 9 ?is b9d+ toge!r ( all mann] ( m51 is p]haps n too mu* to claim1 :5 we rememb] t !re are n[ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates sev5ty ?\s& hold]s ( ,bell telephone /ock & t5 million us]s ( telephone s]vice4 ,!re are two hundr$ & sixty-f\r wires cross+ ! ,mississippi1 9 ! ,bell sy/em2 & five hundr$ & =ty-f\r cross+ ,mason & ,dixon's ,l9e4 ,x is ! telephone :i* does mo/ to l9k toge!r cottage & skyscrap] & mansion & factory & f>m4 ,x is n limit$ to exp]ts or college graduates4 ,x rea*es ! man ) a nickel z well z ! man ) a million4 ,x speaks all languages & s]ves all trades4 ,x helps to prev5t sectionalism & race feuds4 ,x gives a common meet+ place to capitali/s & wage-work]s4 ,x is s ess5tially ! in/rum5t ( all ! p1 9 fact1 t we might almo/ po9t to x z a national emblem1 z ! trade-m>k ( democracy & ! ,am]ican _s4 ,9 a c\ntry l ours1 :]e !re are eighty nationalities 9 ! public s*ools1 ! telephone has a peculi> value z a "p ( ! national dige/ive app>atus4 ,x prev5ts ! gr[? ( dialects & helps on ! process ( assimilation4 ,su* is ! pu% ( ,am]ican life1 t ! humble immigrants f ,s\!rn ,europe1 be=e !y h be5 "h half a doz5 ye>s1 h acquir$ ! telephone habit & h l9k$ on _! small %ops to ! great wire network ( int]communication4 ,9 ! "o community ( ,br[nsville1 = example1 settl$ sev]al ye>s ago by an ov]fl[ ( ,russian ,jews f ! ,ea/ ,side ( ,new ,york1 !re are n[ z _m telephones z 9 ! k+dom ( ,greece4 ,& 9 ! sw>m+ ,ea/ ,side itself1 !re is a s+le ex*ange 9 ,or*>d ,/reet :i* has m wires ?an !re are 9 all ! ex*anges ( ,egypt4 ,!re c be few high] ideals ( practical democracy ?an t :i* comes to u f ! telephone eng9e]4 ,8 purpose is mu* m compreh5sive ?an ! supply+ ( telephones to ^? :o want !m4 ,x is r to make ! telephone z univ]sal z ! wat] faucet1 to br+ )9 speak+ di/ance e economic unit1 to connect to ! social organism e p]son :o may at any "t be ne$$4 ,j z ! click ( ! reap] means bread1 & ! purr ( ! sew+-ma*9e means clo!s1 & ! ro> ( ! ,bessem] conv]t] means /eel1 & ! rattle ( ! press means education1 s ! r+ ( ! telephone bell has come to mean unity & organization4 ,already1 by cable1 telegraph1 & telephone1 no two t[ns 9 ! civiliz$ _w are m ?an "o h\r ap>t4 ,we h ev5 girdl$ ! e>? ) a cablegram 9 twelve m9utes4 ,we h made x possible = any man 9 ,new ,york ,city to ent] into conv]sation ) any o!r ,new ,york] 9 tw5ty-"o seconds4 ,we h n be5 satisfi$ ) e/abli%+ su* a sy/em ( transportation t we c />t any day = any:]e f any:]e else2 nei!r h we be5 satisfi$ ) e/abli%+ su* a sy/em ( communication t news & gossip are ! common prop]ty ( all nations4 ,we h gone f>!r4 ,we h e/abli%$ 9 e l>ge region ( population a sy/em ( voice-n]ves t puts e man at e o!r man's e>1 & :i* s magically elim9ates ! factor ( di/ance t ! ,unit$ ,/ates becomes ?ree ?\s& miles ( neighbors1 side by side4 ,?is ef=t to conqu] ,"t & ,space is above all else ! in/9ct ( mat]ial progress4 ,to %rivel up ! miles & to /ret* out ! m9utes--?is has be5 "o ( ! ma/] passions ( ! human race4 ,& ?us ! l>g] tru? ab\t ! telephone is t x is va/ly m ?an a m]e conv5i5ce4 ,x is n to be class$ ) safety razors & piano play]s & f\nta9 p5s4 ,x is no?+ less ?an ! high-spe$ tool ( civilization1 ge>+ up ! :ole me*anism to m effective social s]vice4 ,x is ! symbol ( national effici5cy & coop]ation4 ,all ?is ! telephone is do+1 at a total co/ to ! nation ( probably #bjj1jjj1jjj a ye>--no m ?an ,am]ican f>m]s e>n 9 t5 days4 ,we pay ! same price = x z we d = ! potatoes1 or = "o-?ird ( ! hay crop1 or = "o-eigh? ( ! corn4 ,out ( e nickel sp5t = electrical s]vice1 "o c5t goes to ! telephone4 ,we c\ld settle our telephone bill1 & h sev]al millions left ov]1 if we cut (f e f\r? glass ( liquor & smoke ( tobacco4 ,:oev] r5ts a typewrit+ ma*9e1 or uses a /reet c> twice a day1 or has 8 %oes poli%$ once a day1 may = ! same exp5se h a v good telephone s]vice4 ,m]ely to %ovel away ! sn[ ( a s+le /orm 9 #aiaj co/ ! city gov]nm5t ( ,new ,york z mu* z x w pay = five or six ye>s ( telephon+4 ,?is almo/ incr$ible *eapness ( telephony is /ill f> f be+ g5]ally p]ceiv$1 ma9ly = psy*ological reasons4 ,a telephone is n impressive4 ,x has no bulk4 ,x is n l ! ,s+] ,build+ or ! ,lusitania4 ,its wires & swit*bo>ds & batt]ies are scatt]$ & hidd51 & few h suffici5t imag9ation to picture !m 9 all _! complexity4 ,if only x 7 possible to assemble ! hundr$ or m telephone build+s ( ,new ,york 9 "o va/ plaza1 & if ! two ?\s& cl]ks & ?ree ?\s& ma9t5ance m5 & six ?\s& girl op]ators 7 to m>* to "w ea* morn+ ) b&s & bann]s1 !n1 p]haps1 !re might be ! necess>y quality ( impressiv5ess by :i* any l>ge idea mu/ always be imp>t$ to ! public m9d4 ,= lack ( a sev5 & "o-half c5t co91 !re is n[ five-c5t telephony ev5 9 ! l>ge/ ,am]ican cities4 ,= five c5ts :oev] wi%es has an entire wire-sy/em at 8 s]vice1 a sy/em t is kept wait+ by day & night1 s t x w be ready ! in/ant he ne$s x4 ,?is sy/em may h co/ f tw5ty to fifty millions1 yet x may be hir$ = "o-eigh? ! co/ ( r5t+ an automobile4 ,ev5 9 long-di/ance telephony1 ! exp5se ( a message dw9dles :5 x is comp>$ ) ! price ( a return railway ticket4 ,a talk f ,new ,york to ,philadelphia1 = in/ance1 co/s sev5ty-five c5ts1 :ile ! railway f>e w\ld be f\r doll>s4 ,f ,new ,york to ,*icago a talk co/s five doll>s z aga9/ sev5ty doll>s by rail4 ,z ,h>riman once said1 ,i c't get f my home to ! depot = ! price ( a talk to ,omaha4 ,to say :at ! net pr(its h be51 to ! entire body ( p :o h inve/$ money 9 ! telephone1 w always be m or less ( a guess4 ,! g5]al belief t imm5se =tunes 7 made by ! lucky hold]s ( ,bell /ock1 is an exagg]ation t has be5 kept alive by ! promot]s ( wildcat companies4 ,no su* =tunes 7 made4 ,i d n believe1 says ,!odore ,vail1 t any "o man ev] made a cle> million out ( ! telephone4 ,!re are n apt to be any get-ri*-quick =-tunes made 9 corporations t issue no wat]$ /ock & d n capitalize _! fran*ises4 ,on ! contr>y1 up to #ahig1 ! hold]s ( /ock 9 ! ,bell ,companies _h paid 9 f\r million1 sev5 hundr$ ?\s& doll>s m ?an ! p> value2 & 9 ! rec5t consolidation ( ,ea/]n companies1 "u ! presid5cy ( ,union ,n4 ,be!ll1 ! new /ock 0 actually eight millions less ?an ! /ock t 0 retir$4 ,few telephone companies paid any pr(its at fir/4 ,!y _h und]valu$ ! co/ ( build+ & ma9t5ance4 ,d5v] expect$ ! co/ to be two ?\s&1 five hundr$ doll>s & sp5t sixty ?\s& doll>s4 ,buffalo expect$ to pay ?ree ?\s& doll>s & _h to pay "o hundr$ & fifty ?\s& doll>s4 ,also1 !y made ! unwelcome discov]y t an ex*ange ( two hundr$ co/s m ?an twice z mu* z an ex*ange ( "o hundr$1 because ( ! great] am\nt ( traffic4 ,usually a doll> t is paid to a telephone company is divid$ z foll[s3 ,r5t444444444444 #d;c ,taxes44444444444 #d;c ,int]e/44444444 #f;c ,surplus444444444 #h;c ,ma9t5ance4444 #af;c ,divid5ds444444 #ah;c ,labor4444444444 #dd;c ---- #a4jj ,mo/ ( ! rate tr\bles 7& _! "n has be5 legion7 h aris5 because ! telephone bus9ess 0 n und]/ood4 ,9 fact1 until rec5tly1 x did n und]/& itself4 ,x p]si/$ 9 hold+ to a local & individuali/ic view ( its bus9ess4 ,x 0 sl[ to put telephones 9 unpr(itable places4 ,x expect$ e in/rum5t to pay its way4 ,9 _m ,/ates1 bo? ! telephone m5 & ! public ov]look$ ! mo/ vital fact 9 ! case1 :i* is t ! memb]s ( a telephone sy/em are above all else ,,int]dep5d5t4 ,"o telephone by itself has no value4 ,x is z useless z a re$ cut out ( an organ or a f+] t is sev]$ f a h&4 ,x is n ev5 ornam5tal or adaptable to any o!r pur-pose4 ,x is n at all l a piano or a talk+-ma*9e1 :i* has a sep>ate exi/5ce4 ,x is useful only 9 proportion to ! numb] ( o!r telephones x rea*es4 ,,& ,,e ,,telephone ,,any:]e ,,adds ,,value ,,to ,,e ,,o!r ,,telephone ,,on ,,! ,,same ,,sy/em ,,( ,,wires4 ,t1 9 a s5t5ce1 is ! keynote ( equitable rates4 ,_m a telephone1 = ! g5]al good1 mu/ be put :]e x does n e>n its own liv+4 ,at any "t "s sudd5 em]g5cy may arise t w make x = ! mom5t priceless4 ,especially s9ce ! adv5t ( ! automobile1 !re is no nook or corn] f :i* x may n be supremely necess>y1 n[ & !n1 to s5d a message4 ,?is pr9ciple 0 act$ ^u rec5tly 9 a mo/ practical way by ! ,p5nsylvania ,railroad1 :i* at its own exp5se in/all$ five hundr$ & tw5ty-five telephones 9 ! homes ( its workm5 9 ,altoona4 ,9 ! same way1 x is cle>ly ! social duty ( ! telephone company to wid5 out its sy/em until e po9t is cov]$1 & !n to di/ribute its gross *>ges z fairly z x c4 ,! :ole mu/ c>ry ! :ole--t is ! philosophy ( rates :i* mu/ f9ally be recogniz$ by legislatures & telephone companies alike4 ,x c nev]1 ( c\rse1 be r$uc$ to a sy/em or =mula4 ,x w always be a matt] ( op9ion & compromise1 requir+ mu* skill & mu* pati5ce4 ,b !re w seldom be any s]i\s tr\ble :5 once its basic pr9ciples are und]/ood4 ,l all "t-sav+ inv5tions1 l ! railroad1 ! reap]1 & ! ,bessem] conv]t]1 ! telephone1 9 ! la/ analysis1 ,,co/s ,,no?+2 ,,x ,,is ,,! ,,lack ,,( ,,x ,,t ,,co/s4 ,,! ,,nation ,,t ,,mo/ ,,is ,,! ,,nation ,,)\t ,,x4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,! ,,telephone ,,9 ,,=eign ,,c\ntries ,! telephone 0 ne>ly a ye> old be=e ,europe 0 aw>e ( its exi/5ce4 ,x receiv$ no public notice ( any k9d :atev] until ,m>* #c1 #ahgg1 :5 ! ,london ,a!naeum m5tion$ x 9 a few c>eful s5t5ces4 ,x 0 n welcom$1 except by ^? :o wi%$ an ev5+'s ent]ta9m5t4 ,& to ! entire comm]cial _w x 0 = f\r or five ye>s a sort ( sci5tific ,billik51 t nev] c\ld be ( any s]vice to s]i\s p4 ,"o aft] ano!r1 sev]al ,am]ican en?usia/s ru%$ po/ha/e to ,europe1 ) dreams ( eag] nations clamor+ = telephone sy/ems1 & "o aft] ano!r !y fail$4 ,fr$]ick ,a4 ,g[] 0 ! fir/ ( ^!4 ,he 0 an adv5tur\s *evali] ( bus9ess :o gave up an ag5t's contract 9 return = a "r to become a rov+ propag&i/4 ,lat] he met a prima donna1 fell 9 love ) & m>ri$ h]1 =sook telephony = balloon+1 & lo/ 8 life 9 attempt+ to fly across ! ,engli% ,*annel4 ,next w5t ,william ,h4 ,reynolds1 ( ,provid5ce1 :o _h b\ght five-eights ( ! ,briti% pat5t = five ?\s& doll>s1 & half ! "r to ,russia1 ,spa91 ,portugal1 & ,italy = two ?\s&1 five hundr$ doll>s4 ,h[ he 0 receiv$ may be se5 f a lett] ( 8 :i* has be5 pres]v$4 ,i h be5 work+ 9 ,london = f\r mon?s1 he writes2 ,i h be5 to ! ,bank ( ,engl& & else:]e2 & ,i h n f\nd "o man :o w put "o %ill+ into ! telephone4 ,bell himself hurri$ to ,engl& & ,scotl& on 8 w$d+ t\r 9 #ahgh1 ) great expectations ( hav+ 8 inv5tion appreciat$ 9 8 native l&4 ,b f a bus9ess po9t ( view1 8 mission 0 a total failure4 ,he receiv$ d9n]s a-pl5ty1 b no contracts2 & came back to ! ,unit$ ,/ates an impov]i%$ & di%e>t5$ man4 ,!n ! optimi/ic ,g>d9] ,g4 ,hubb>d1 ,bell's fa!r-9-law1 ?rew himself aga9/ ! ,european in]tia & organiz$ ! ,int]national & ,ori5tal ,telephone ,companies1 :i* came to no?+ ( any importance4 ,9 ! same ye> ev5 ,enos ,m4 ,b>ton1 ! sagaci\s f\nd] ( ! ,we/]n ,electric1 w5t to ,france & ,engl& to e/abli% an export trade 9 telephones1 & fail$4 ,^! able m5 f\nd _! plans ?w>t$ by ! indiff]5ce ( ! public1 & (t5 by op5 ho/ility4 ,! telephone is little bett] ?an a toy1 said ! ,saturday ,review2 x amazes ignorant p = a mom5t1 b x is inf]ior to ! well-e/abli%$ sy/em ( air-tubes4 ,:at w become ( ! privacy ( life8 ask$ ano!r ,london editor4 ,:at w become ( ! sanctity ( ! dome/ic he>?8 ,writ]s vi$ ) ea* o!r 9 inv5t+ me?ods ( pooh-pooh+ ,bell & 8 inv5tion4 ,x is ridicul\sly simple1 said "o4 ,x is only an electrical speak+-tube1 said ano!r4 ,x is a complicat$ =m ( speak+-trumpet1 said a ?ird4 ,no ,briti% editor c\ld at fir/ conceive ( any use = ! telephone1 except = div]s & coal m9]s4 ,! price1 too1 creat$ a g5]al outcry4 ,floods ( toy telephones 7 be+ sold on ! /reets at a %ill+ apiece2 & al?\gh ! ,gov]nm5t 0 *>g+ sixty doll>s a ye> = ! use ( its pr9t+-telegraphs1 p prote/$ l\dly aga9/ pay+ half z mu* = telephones4 ,z late z #ahhb1 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] writes3 ,! telephone is sc>cely us$ at all 9 ,london1 & is unkn[n 9 ! o!r ,engli% cities4 ,! fir/ man ( consequ5ce to befri5d ! telephone 0 ,"l ,kelv91 !n an untitl$ "y sci5ti/4 ,he _h se5 ! orig9al telephones at ! ,c5t5nial 9 ,philadelphia1 & 0 s fasc9at$ ) !m t ! impulsive ,bell _h ?ru/ !m into 8 h&s z a gift4 ,at ! next meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association = ! ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce1 ,"l ,kelv9 exhibit$ ^!4 ,he did m4 ,he became ! *ampion ( ! telephone4 ,he /ak$ 8 reputation ^u x4 ,he told ! /ory ( ! te/s made at ! ,c5t5nial1 & assur$ ! sceptical sci5ti/s t he _h n be5 deceiv$4 ,all ?is my own e>s he>d1 he said1 spok5 to me ) unmi/akable di/9ctness by ?is circul> disc ( iron4 ,! sci5ti/s & electrical exp]ts 71 = ! mo/ "p1 split up into two camps4 ,"s ( !m said ! telephone 0 impossible1 :ile o!rs said t no?+ c\ld be simpl]4 ,almo/ all 7 agre$ t :at ,bell _h done 0 a humor\s trifle4 ,b ,"l ,kelv9 p]si/$4 ,he hamm]$ ! tru? home t ! telephone 0 "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ inv5tions t has ev] be5 made 9 ! hi/ory ( sci5ce4 ,he gave a demon/ration ) "o end ( ! wire 9 a coal m9e4 ,he /ood side by side ) ,bell at a public meet+ 9 ,glasg[1 & decl>$3 ,! ?+s t 7 call$ telephones be=e ,bell 7 z diff]5t f ,bell's telephone z a s]ies ( h&-claps are diff]5t f ! human voice4 ,!y 7 9 fact electrical claps2 :ile ,bell conceiv$ ! idea--,,! ,,:olly ,,orig9al ,,& ,,novel ,,idea--( giv+ cont9uity to ! %ocks1 s z to p]fectly reproduce ! human voice4 ,"o by "o ! sci5ti/s 7 =c$ to take ! telephone s]i\sly4 ,at a public te/ !re 0 "o not$ pr(essor :o /ill /ood 9 ! ranks ( ! d\bt]s4 ,he 0 ask$ to s5d a message4 ,he w5t to ! in/rum5t ) a gr9 ( incr$ulity1 & ?9k+ ! :ole exhibition a joke1 %\t$ into ! m\?piece3 ,hi diddle diddle--foll[ up t4 ,!n he li/5$ = an answ]4 ,! look on 8 face *ang$ to "o ( ! utmo/ amazem5t4 ,x says--,! cat & ! fiddle1' he gasp$1 & =?) he became a conv]t to telephony4 ,by su* te/s ! m5 ( sci5ce 7 won ov]1 & by ! middle ( #ahgg ,bell receiv$ a vocif]\s welcome :5 he address$ !m at _! annual conv5tion at ,plym\?4 ,soon aft]w>ds1 ,! ,london ,times surr5d]$4 ,x :irl$ "r-ab\t-face & prais$ ! telephone to ! skies4 ,sudd5ly & quietly ! :ole human race is br\ght )9 speak+ & he>+ di/ance1 x exclaim$2 sc>cely any?+ 0 m desir$ & m impossible4 ,! next pap] to quit ! mob ( sc(f]s 0 ! ,tatl]1 :i* said 9 an editorial p]oration1 ,we _c b feel im-press$ by ! picture ( a human *ild comm&+ ! subtle/ & /ronge/ =ce 9 ,nature to c>ry1 l a slave1 "s :isp] ar\nd ! _w4 ,closely aft] ! sci5ti/s & editors came ! nobility4 ,! ,e>l ( ,cai?ness l$ ! way4 ,he decl>$ 9 public t ! telephone is ! mo/ extraord9>y ?+ ,i ev] saw 9 my life4 ,& "o w9try morn+ 9 #ahgh ,que5 ,victoria drove to ! h\se ( ,sir ,?omas ,biddulph1 9 ,london1 & = an h\r talk$ & li/5$ by telephone to ,kate ,field1 :o sat 9 a ,d[n+ ,/reet (fice4 ,miss ,field sang ,ka?le5 ,mav\rne51 & ! ,que5 ?ank$ h] by telephone1 say+ %e 0 imm5sely pleas$4 ,%e congratulat$ ,bell himself1 :o 0 pres5t1 & ask$ if %e might be p]mitt$ to buy ! two telephones2 :]eupon ,bell pres5t$ h] ) a pair done 9 ivory4 ,?is incid5t1 z may be imag9$1 did mu* to e/abli% ! reputation ( telephony 9 ,great ,brita94 ,a wire 0 at once /rung to ,w9dsor ,ca/le4 ,o!rs 7 ord]$ by ! ,daily ,news1 ! ,p]sian ,ambassador1 & five or six lords & b>onets4 ,!n came an ord] :i* rais$ ! hopes ( ! telephone m5 to ! highe/ heav51 f ! bank+ h\se ( ,j4 ,s4 ,morgan ,co4 ,x 0 ! fir/ recognition f ! seats ( ! mighty 9 ! bus9ess & f9ancial _w4 ,a t9y ex*ange1 ) t5 wires1 0 promptly />t$ 9 ,london2 & on ,april #b;d1 #ahgi1 ,!odore ,vail1 ! "y manag] ( ! ,bell ,company1 s5t an ord] to ! factory 9 ,bo/on1 ,please make "o hundr$ h& telephones = export trade z e>ly z possible4 ,! =eign trade _h begun4 ,!n !re came a ?und]bolt out ( a blue sky1 a :olly un=ese5 disa/]4 ,j z a few en]getic companies 7 spr\t+ up1 ! ,po/ma/] ,g5]al sudd5ly proclaim$ t ! telephone 0 a species ( telegraph4 ,accord+ to a ,briti% law ! telegraph 0 requir$ to be a ,gov]nm5t monopoly4 ,?is law _h be5 pass$ six ye>s be=e ! telephone 0 born1 b no matt]4 ,! telephone m5 prote/$ & argu$4 ,tyndall & ,"l ,kelv9 w>n$ ! ,gov]nm5t t x 0 mak+ an indef5sible mi/ake4 ,b no?+ c\ld be done4 ,j z ! fir/ railways _h be5 call$ toll-roads1 s ! telephone 0 solemnly decl>$ to be a telegraph4 ,also1 to add to ! absurd humor ( ! situation1 ,judge ,/eph51 ( ! ,high ,c\rt ( ,ju/ice1 spoke ! f9al ^w t compell$ ! telephone legally to be a telegraph1 & su/a9$ 8 op9ion by a quotation f ,web/]'s ,diction>y1 :i* 0 publi%$ tw5ty ye>s be=e ! telephone 0 inv5t$4 ,hav+ captur$ ?is new rival1 :at next8 ,! ,po/ma/] ,g5]al did n "k4 ,he _h1 ( c\rse1 no exp]i5ce 9 telephony1 & nei!r _h any ( 8 (ficials 9 ! telegraph dep>tm5t4 ,!re 0 no book & no college to in/ruct him4 ,8 telegraph 0 !n1 z x is to-day1 a bus9ess failure4 ,x 0 n e>n+ its keep4 ,!re=e he did n d>e to %\ld] ! risk ( con/ruct+ a second sy/em ( wires1 & at la/ cons5t$ to give lic5ses to private companies4 ,b ! muddle cont9u$4 ,9 ord] to compel competition1 accord+ to ! academic !ories ( ! day1 lic5ses 7 giv5 to ?ir-te5 private companies4 ,z might h be5 expect$1 ! able/ company quickly swall[$ ! o!r twelve4 ,if x _h be5 let alone1 ?is company might h giv5 good s]vice1 b x 0 hobbl$ & f5c$ 9 by jeal\s regulations4 ,x 0 compell$ to pay "o-t5? ( its gross e>n+s to ! ,po/ ,(fice4 ,x 0 to hold itself ready to sell out at six mon?s' notice4 ,& z soon z x _h /rung a long-di/ance sy/em ( wires1 ! ,po/ma/] ,g5]al p\nc$ d[n ^u x & took x away4 ,!n1 9 #aijj1 ! ,po/ ,(fice toss$ aside all obligations to ! lic5s$ company1 & ?rew op5 ! door to a free-=-all competition4 ,x und]took to />t a second sy/em 9 ,london1 & 9 two ye>s discov]$ its blund] & propos$ to coop]ate4 ,x grant$ lic5ses to five cities t dem&$ municipal own]%ip4 ,^! cities set out bravely1 ) l\d beat+ ( drums1 plung$ f "o mi%ap to ano!r1 & f9ally quit4 ,ev5 ,glasg[1 ! premi] city ( municipal own]%ip1 met its ,wat]loo 9 ! telephone4 ,x sp5t "o million1 eight hundr$ ?\s& doll>s on a plant t 0 obsolete :5 x 0 new1 ran x = a "t at a loss1 & !n sold x to ! ,po/ ,(fice 9 #aijf = "o million1 five hundr$ & tw5ty-five ?\s& doll>s4 ,s1 f fir/ to la/1 ! /ory ( ! telephone 9 ,great ,brita9 has be5 a com$y ( errors4 ,!re are n[1 9 ! two isl&s1 n six hundr$ ?\s& telephones 9 use4 ,london1 ) its six hundr$ & =ty squ>e miles ( h\ses1 has "o-qu>t] ( ^!1 & is ga9+ at ! rate ( t5 ?\s& a ye>4 ,no l>ge improvem5ts are "u way1 z ! ,po/ ,(fice has giv5 notice t x w take ov] & op]ate all private companies on ,new ,ye>'s ,day1 #aiab4 ,! bureaucratic muddle1 s x seems1 is to cont9ue indef9itely4 ,9 ,g]many !re has be5 ! same burd5 ( bureaucracy1 b less back+ & fill+4 ,!re is a complete gov]nm5t monopoly4 ,:oev] commits ! crime ( leas+ telephone s]vice to 8 neighbors may be s5t to jail = six mon?s4 ,"h1 too1 ! ,po/ma/] ,g5]al has be5 supreme4 ,he has =c$ ! telephone bus9ess into a po/al m\ld4 ,! man 9 a small city mu/ pay z high a rate = a small s]vice1 z ! man 9 a l>ge city pays = a l>ge s]vice4 ,!re is a fair degree ( effici5cy1 b no high spe$ or record-break+4 ,! ,g]man eng9e]s h n kept 9 close t\* ) ! progress ( telephony 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,!y h pref]r$ to devise me?ods ( _! own1 & s h creat$ a miscellane\s assortm5t ( sy/ems1 good1 bad1 & indiff]5t4 ,all told1 !re is probably an inve/m5t ( sev5ty-five million doll>s & a total ( n9e hundr$ ?\s& telephones4 ,telephony has always be5 9 high favor ) ! ,kais]4 ,x is 8 cu/om1 :5 plann+ a hunt+ p>ty1 to h a special wire /rung to ! =e/ headqu>t]s1 s t he c conv]se e morn+ ) 8 ,cab9et4 ,he has conf]r$ degrees & honors by telephone4 ,ev5 8 =m] ,*ancellor1 ,von ,buel[1 receiv$ 8 title ( ,c\nt 9 ?is in=mal way4 ,b ! fir/ fri5d ( ! telephone 9 ,g]many 0 ,bism>ck4 ,! old ,unifi] saw in/antly its value 9 hold+ a nation toge!r1 & ord]$ a l9e betwe5 8 palace 9 ,b]l9 & 8 f>m at ,v>z91 :i* lay two hundr$ & ?irty miles ap>t4 ,?is 0 z e>ly z ! ,fall ( #ahgg1 & 0 ?us ! fir/ long-di/ance l9e 9 ,europe4 ,9 ,france1 z 9 ,engl&1 ! ,gov]nm5t seiz$ ^u ! telephone bus9ess z soon z ! pione] "w _h be5 done by private citiz5s4 ,9 #ahhi x practically confiscat$ ! ,p>is sy/em1 & aft] n9e ye>s ( litigation paid five million francs to its own]s4 ,) ?is reckless beg9n+1 x fl\nd]$ f bad to worse4 ,x assembl$ ! mo/ complete assortm5t ( o!r nations' mi/akes1 & inv5t$ sev]al ( its own4 ,almo/ e kn[n evil ( bureaucracy 0 develop$4 ,! sy/em ( rates 0 turn$ upside d[n2 ! flat rate1 :i* c be pr(itably p]mitt$ 9 small cities only1 0 put 9 =ce 9 ! l>ge cities1 & ! message rate1 :i* is applicable only to l>ge cities1 0 put 9 =ce 9 small places4 ,! girl op]ators 7 entangl$ 9 a maze ( civil s]vice rules4 ,!y 7 n all[$ to m>ry )\t ! p]mission ( ! ,po/ma/] ,g5]al2 & on no acc\nt might !y d>e to m>ry a mayor1 a policeman1 a ca%i]1 or a =eign]1 le/ !y betray ! secrets ( ! swit*bo>d4 ,!re 0 no national plan1 no /&>dization1 no /aff ( inv5tors & improv]s4 ,e us] 0 requir$ to buy 8 own telephone4 ,z ,george ,ade has said1 ,any?+ atta*$ to a wall is liable to be a telephone 9 ,p>is4 ,& s1 :at ) poor equipm5t & r$ tape1 ! ,fr5* sy/em became :at x rema9s to-day1 ! mo/ conspicu\s example ( :at ,,n to d 9 telephony4 ,!re are b>ely z _m telephones 9 ! :ole ( ,france z ought normally to be 9 ! city ( ,p>is4 ,!re are n z _m z are n[ 9 use 9 ,*icago4 ,! exasp]at$ ,p>isians h prote/$4 ,!y h pres5t$ a petition ) ?irty-two ?\s& names4 ,!y h ev5 organiz$ a ,kick]s' ,league--! only body ( its k9d 9 any c\ntry--to dem& good s]vice at a fair price4 ,! daily loss f bureaucratic telephony has become enorm\s4 ,"o blund]+ girl 9 a telephone ex*ange co/ me five ?\s& doll>s on ! day ( ! panic 9 #aijg1 said ,george ,kessl]4 ,b ! ,gov]nm5t cle>s a net pr(it ( ?ree million doll>s a ye> f its telephone monopoly2 & until #aiaj1 :5 a committee ( bett]m5t 0 appo9t$1 x %[$ no conc]n at ! discom=t ( ! public4 ,!re 0 "o /rik+ lesson 9 telephone effici5cy :i* ,p>is receiv$ 9 #aijh1 :5 its ma9 ex*ange 0 totally de/roy$ by fire4 ,to build a new swit*bo>d1 said ,european manufactur]s1 w require f\r or five mon?s4 ,a hu/l+ "y ,*icagoan appe>$ on ! sc5e4 ,we 'll put 9 a new swit*bo>d 9 sixty days1 he said2 & agree to =feit six hundr$ doll>s a day = delay4 ,su* quick "w _h nev] be5 kn[n4 ,b x 0 ,*icago's *ance to %[ :at %e c\ld d4 ,p>is & ,*icago are f\r ?\s&1 five hundr$ miles ap>t1 a twelve days' j\rney4 ,! swit*bo>d 0 to be a hundr$ & eighty feet 9 l5g?1 ) t5 ?\s& wires4 ,yet ! ,we/]n ,electric f9i%$ x 9 ?ree weeks4 ,x 0 ru%$ on six freight-c>s to ,new ,york1 load$ on ! ,fr5* /eam] ,la ,prov5ce1 & deposit$ at ,p>is 9 ?irty-six days2 s t by ! "t ! sixty days _h expir$1 x 0 runn+ full spe$ ) a /aff ( n9ety op]ators4 ,russia & ,au/ria-,hung>y h n[ ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty-five ?\s& telephones apiece4 ,!y are neck & neck 9 a race t has n at any "t be5 a fa/ "o4 ,9 ea* c\ntry ! ,gov]nm5t has be5 a neglectful /epmo!r to ! telephone4 ,x has />v$ ! bus9ess ) a lack ( capital & us$ no ent]prise 9 exp&+ x4 ,outside ( ,vi5na1 ,budape/1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 & ,mosc[ !re are no wire-sy/ems ( any consequ5ce4 ,! political deadlock betwe5 ,au/ria & ,hung>y %uts out any imm$iate hope ( a happi] life = ! telephone 9 ^? c\ntries2 b 9 ,russia !re has rec5tly be5 a *ange 9 policy t may op5 up a new era4 ,p]mits are n[ be+ (f]$ to "o private company 9 ea* city1 9 return = ?ree p] c5t ( ! rev5ue4 ,by ?is /ep ,russia has unexpect$ly swept to ! front & is n[1 to telephone m51 ! free/ c\ntry 9 ,europe4 ,9 t9y ,switz]l& !re has be5 gov]nm5t own]%ip f ! fir/1 b ) less detrim5t to ! bus9ess ?an else:]e4 ,"h ! (ficials h actually jilt$ ! telegraph = ! telephone4 ,!y h se5 ! value ( ! talk+ wire to hold _! valley villages toge!r2 & s h cries-cross$ ! ,alps ) a *eap & some:at flimsy sy/em ( telephony t c>ries sixty million conv]sations a ye>4 ,ev5 ! monks ( ,/4 ,b]n>d1 :o rescue sn[b\nd travell]s1 h n[ equipp$ _! m\nta9 ) a s]ies ( telephone boo?s4 ,! highe/ telephone 9 ! _w is on ! peak ( ,monte ,rosa1 9 ! ,italian ,alps1 v ne>ly ?ree miles above ! level ( ! sea4 ,x is l9k$ to a l9e t runs to ,rome1 9 ord] t a que5 may talk to a pr(essor4 ,9 ?is case ! ,que5 is ,m>gh]ita ( ,italy & ! pr(essor is ,signor ,mosso1 ! a/ronom]1 :o /udies ! heav5s f an obs]vatory on ,monte ,rosa4 ,at h] own exp5se1 ! ,que5 _h ?is wire /rung by a crew ( l9em51 :o slipp$ & fl\nd]$ on ! m\nta9 = six ye>s be=e !y _h x pegg$ 9 place4 ,! g5]al situation 9 ,italy is l t 9 ,great ,brita94 ,! ,gov]nm5t has always monopoliz$ ! long-di/ance l9es1 & is n[ ab\t to buy out all private companies4 ,!re are only fifty-five ?\s& telephones to ?irty-two million p--z _m z 9 ,norway & less ?an 9 ,d5m>k4 ,& 9 _m ( ! s\!rn & ,sicilian prov9ces ! j+le ( ! telephone bell is /ill an unfamili> s\nd4 ,! ma9 peculi>ity 9 ,holl& is t !re is no national plan1 b r a pat*work1 t resembles ,joseph's coat ( _m colors4 ,ea* city eng9e] has design$ 8 own type ( app>atus & _h x made to ord]4 ,also1 ea* company is f5c$ 9 by law )9 a six-mile circle1 s t ,holl& is dott$ ) ?umb-nail sy/ems1 no two ( :i* are alike4 ,9 ,belgium !re has be5 a gov]nm5t sy/em s9ce #ahic1 h5ce !re is unity1 b no ent]prise4 ,! plant is old-fa%ion$ & too small4 ,spa9 has private companies1 :i* give fairly good s]vice to tw5ty ?\s& p4 ,r\mania has half z _m4 ,portugal has two small companies 9 ,lisbon & ,oporto4 ,greece1 ,s]via1 & ,bulg>ia h a scanty two ?\s& apiece4 ,! froz5 little isle ( ,icel& has "o-qu>t] z _m2 & ev5 into ,turkey1 :i* 0 a =bidd5 l& "u ! regime ( ! old ,sultan1 ! ,"y ,turks are import+ boxes ( telephones & coils ( copp] wire4 ,!re is "o ,european c\ntry1 & only "o1 :i* has caught ! telephone _s--,sw$54 ,"h telephony _h a free sw++ />t4 ,x 0 let alone by ! ,po/ ,(fice2 & bett] /ill1 x _h a ,man1 a bus9ess-build] ( rem>kable =ce & ability1 nam$ ,h5ry ,c$]gr54 ,_h ?is man be5 made ! ,telephone-,ma/] ( ,europe1 !re w\ld h be5 a diff]5t /ory to tell4 ,by 8 insi/5t ent]prise he made ,/ockholm ! be/ telephon$ city outside ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he pu%$ 8 c\ntry =w>d until1 hav+ "o hundr$ & sixty-five ?\s& telephones1 x /ood f\r? among ! ,european nations4 ,s9ce 8 dea? ! ,gov]nm5t has ent]$ ! field ) a duplicate sy/em1 & a w> has be5 begun :i* gr[s ye>ly m co/ly & absurd4 ,asia1 z yet1 ) h] eight hundr$ & fifty million p1 has few] telephones ?an ,philadelphia1 & ?ree-f\r?s ( !m are 9 ! t9y isl& ( ,japan4 ,! ,japanese 7 en?usia/ic telephoni/s f ! fir/4 ,!y _h a busy ex*ange 9 ,tokio 9 #ahhc4 ,?is has n[ gr[n to h tw5ty-five ?\s& us]s1 & might h m1 if x _h n be5 /unt$ by ! peculi> policy ( ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,! public (ficials :o op]ate ! sy/em are able m54 ,!y *>ge a fair price & make t5 p] c5t pr(it = ! ,/ate4 ,b !y d n keep pace ) ! dem&4 ,x is "o ( ! odde/ vag>ies ( public own]%ip t !re is n[ 9 ,tokio a ,,wait+ ,,li/ ( eight ?\s& citiz5s1 :o are (f]+ to pay = telephones & _c get !m4 ,& :5 a ,tokian dies1 8 fran*ise to a telephone1 if he has "o1 is usually itemiz$ 9 8 w z a f\r-hundr$-doll> prop]ty4 ,india1 :i* is second on ! ,asiatic li/1 has no m ?an n9e ?\s& telephones--"o to e ?irty-?ree ?\s& ( h] population6 ,n q s _m1 9 fact1 z !re are 9 five ( ! skyscrap]s ( ,new ,york4 ,! ,dut* ,ea/ ,indies & ,*9a h only sev5 ?\s& apiece1 b 9 ,*9a !re has rec5tly come a =w>d movem5t4 ,a fund ( tw5ty million doll>s is to be sp5t 9 con/ruct+ a national sy/em ( telephone & telegraph4 ,pek+ is n[ po9t+ ) wond] & delight to a new ex*ange1 spick & span1 ) a c\ple ( t5-?\s&-wire swit*bo>ds4 ,o!rs are be+ built 9 ,canton1 ,hank[1 & ,ti5-,ts94 ,ultimately1 ! telephone w fl\ri% 9 ,*9a1 z x has done 9 ! ,*9ese qu>t] 9 ,san ,francisco4 ,! ,empress ( ,*9a1 aft] ! siege ( ,pek+1 comm&$ t a telephone %\ld be hung 9 h] palace1 )9 rea* ( h] dragon ?rone2 & %e 0 v fri5dly ) any repres5tative ( ! ,speak+ ,lightn+ ,s\nds bus9ess1 z ! ,*9ese t]m telephony4 ,9 ,p]sia ! telephone made its entry rec5tly 9 true comic-op]a fa%ion4 ,a new ,%ah1 9 an outbur/ ( confid5ce1 set up a wire betwe5 8 palace & ! m>ket-place 9 ,teh]an1 & invit$ 8 p to talk to him :5ev] !y _h grievances4 ,& !y talk$6 ,!y talk$ s freely & us$ su* language1 t ! ,%ah ord]$ out 8 soldi]s & attack$ !m4 ,he fir$ ^u ! new ,p>liam5t1 & 0 at once *as$ out ( ,p]sia by ! enrag$ p4 ,f ?is x w\ld appe> t ! telephone ought to be popul> 9 ,p]sia1 al?\gh at pres5t !re are n m ?an tw5ty 9 use4 ,s\? ,am]ica1 outside ( ,bu5os ,ayres1 has few telephones1 probably n m ?an ?irty ?\s&4 ,dom ,p$ro ( ,brazil1 :o befri5d$ ,bell at ! ,c5t5nial1 introduc$ telephony into 8 c\ntry 9 #ahha2 b x has n 9 ?irty ye>s be5 able to obta9 t5 ?\s& us]s4 ,canada has exactly ! same numb] z ,sw$5--"o hundr$ & sixty-five ?\s&4 ,mexico has p]haps t5 ?\s&2 ,new ,zeal& tw5ty-six ?\s&2 & ,au/ralia fifty-five ?\s&4 ,f> d[n 9 ! li/ ( cont95ts /&s ,africa4 ,egypt & ,alg]ia h twelve ?\s& at ! nor?2 ,briti% ,s\? ,africa has z _m at ! s\?2 & 9 ! va/ /ret*es betwe5 !re are b>ely a ?\s& m4 ,:oev] pu%es into ,c5tral ,africa w /ill he> ! beat ( ! wood5 drum1 :i* is ! clatt]+ sign-language ( ! natives4 ,"o /r& ( copp] wire !re is1 ?r\gh ! ,congo region1 plac$ !re by ord] ( ! late ,k+ ( ,belgium4 ,to /r+ x 0 probably ! mo/ adv5tur\s piece ( "w 9 ! hi/ory ( telephone l9em54 ,!re 0 "o sev5 hundr$ & fifty mile /ret* ( ! c5tral jungle4 ,!re 7 :ite ants t ate ! wood5 poles1 & wild elephants t pull$ up ! iron poles4 ,!re 7 monkeys t play$ tag on ! l9es1 & savages t /ole ! wire = arr[-heads4 ,b ! l9e 0 c>ri$ ?r\gh1 & to-day is alive ) conv]sations conc]n+ rubb] & ivory4 ,s1 we may almo/ say ( ! telephone t !re is no spee* nor language :]e its voice is n he>d4 ,!re are ev5 a ?\s& miles ( its wire 9 ,abyss9ia & "o hundr$ & fifty miles 9 ! ,fiji ,isl&s4 ,r\ghly speak+1 !re are n[ t5 million telephones 9 all c\ntries1 employ+ two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& p1 requir+ tw5ty-"o million miles ( wire1 repres5t+ a co/ ( fifte5 hundr$ million doll>s1 & c>ry+ f\rte5 ?\s& million conv]sations a ye>4 ,all ?is1 & yet ! m5 :o he>d ! fir/ feeble cry ( ! infant telephone are /ill alive1 & n by any means old4 ,no =eign c\ntry has rea*$ ! high ,am]ican level ( telephony4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates has eight telephones p] hundr$ ( population1 :ile no o!r c\ntry has "o-half z _m4 ,canada /&s second1 ) almo/ f\r p] hundr$2 & ,sw$5 is ?ird4 ,g]many has z _m telephones z ! ,/ate ( ,new ,york2 & ,great ,brita9 z _m z ,ohio4 ,*icago has m ?an ,london2 & ,bo/on twice z _m z ,p>is4 ,9 ! :ole ( ,europe1 ) h] tw5ty nations1 !re are "o-?ird z _m telephones z 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 proportion to h] population1 ,europe has only "o-?irte5? z _m4 ,! ,unit$ ,/ates writes half z _m lett]s z ,europe1 s5ds "o-?ird z _m telegrams1 & talks twice z mu* at ! telephone4 ,! av]age ,european family s5ds ?ree telegrams a ye>1 & ?ree lett]s & "o telephone message a week2 :ile ! av]age ,am]ican family s5ds five telegrams a ye>1 & sev5 lett]s & elev5 telephone messages a week4 ,?is "o na-tion1 :i* owns six p] c5t ( ! e>? & is five p] c5t ( ! human race1 has ,,sev5ty p] c5t ( ! telephones4 ,& fifty p] c5t1 or "o-half1 ( ! telephony ( ! _w1 is n[ compris$ 9 ! ,bell ,sy/em ( ?is c\ntry4 ,!re are only six nations 9 ,europe t make a fair %[+--! ,g]mans1 ,briti%1 ,sw$i%1 ,danes1 ,norwegians1 & ,swiss4 ,! o!rs h less ?an "o telephone p] hundr$4 ,little ,d5m>k has m ?an ,au/ria4 ,little ,f9l& has bett] s]vice ?an ,france4 ,! ,belgian telephones h co/ ! mo/--two hundr$ & sev5ty-?ree doll>s apiece2 & ! ,f9ni% telephones ! lea/--eighty-"o doll>s4 ,b a telephone 9 ,belgium e>ns ?ree times z mu* z "o 9 ,norway4 ,9 g5]al1 ! lesson 9 ,europe is ?is1 t ! telephone is :at a nation makes x4 ,its usefulness dep5ds ^u ! s5se & ent]prise ) :i* x is h&l$4 ,x may be ei!r an invaluable asset or a nuisance4 ,too mu* gov]nm5t6 ,t has be5 ! basic reason = failure 9 mo/ c\ntries4 ,be=e ! telephone 0 inv5t$1 ! telegraph _h be5 made a ,/ate monopoly2 & ! tele-phone 0 reg>d$ z a species ( telegraph4 ,! public (ficials did n see t a telephone sy/em is a highly complex & te*nical problem1 mu* m l a piano factory or a /eel-mill4 ,& s1 :]ev] a gr\p ( citiz5s e/abli%$ a telephone s]vice1 ! gov]nm5t (ficials look$ ^u x ) jeal\s eyes1 & usually snat*$ x away4 ,! telephone ?us became a "p ( ! telegraph1 :i* is a "p ( ! po/ (fice1 :i* is a "p ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,x is a fraction ( a fraction ( a fraction--a m]e twig ( bureaucracy4 ,"u su* conditions ! telephone c\ld n prosp]4 ,! wond] is t x surviv$4 ,h&l$ on ! ,am]ican plan1 ! telephone abroad may be rais$ to ,am]ican levels4 ,!re is no racial reason = failure4 ,! sl[ s]vice & ! bungl+ are ! natural results ( treat+ ! telephone z ?\gh x 7 a road or a fire dep>tm5t2 & any nation t rises to a prop] conception ( ! telephone1 t d>es to put x into compet5t h&s & to /r5g!n x ) en\gh capital1 c secure z al]t & brisk a s]vice z he>t c wi%4 ,"s nations are already on ! way4 ,*9a1 ,japan1 & ,france h s5t delegations to ,new ,york ,city--! ,mecca ( telephone m51 to le>n ! art ( telephony 9 its highe/ developm5t4 ,ev5 ,russia has rescu$ ! telephone f h] bureaucrats & is n[ (f]+ x freely to m5 ( ent]prise4 ,9 mo/ =eign c\ntries telephone s]vice is be+ /eadily ge>$ up to a fa/] pace4 ,! craze = *eap & na/y telephony is pass+2 & ! idea t ! telephone is above all else a ,,spe$ in/rum5t1 is ga9+ gr\nd4 ,a fa/] long-di/ance s]vice1 at d\ble rates1 is be+ well patroniz$4 ,sl[-mov+ races are le>n+ ! value ( "t1 :i* is ! fir/ lesson 9 telephony4 ,our reap]s & m[]s n[ g to sev5ty-five nations4 ,our /reet c>s run 9 all great cities4 ,morocco is import+ our doll> wat*es2 ,korea is le>n+ ! wa/e ( all[+ n9e m5 to dig ) "o spade4 ,& all ?is means telephones4 ,9 ?irty ye>s1 ! ,we/]n ,electric has sold sixty-sev5 million doll>s' wor? ( telephonic app>atus to =eign c\ntries4 ,b ?is is no m ?an a fair beg9n+4 ,to put "o telephone 9 ,*9a to e hundr$ p w mean an outlay ( ?ree hundr$ million doll>s4 ,to give ,europe z fit an equipm5t z ! ,unit$ ,/ates n[ has1 w mean ?irty million telephones1 ) prop] wire & swit*bo>ds to mat*4 ,& :ile telephony = ! masses is n yet a live "q 9 _m c\ntries1 soon] or lat]1 9 ! rel5tless pu% ( civilization1 x mu/ come4 ,possibly1 9 t f> future ( peace & goodwill among nations1 :5 ea* c\ntry does = all ! o!rs :at x c d be/1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates may be g5]ally recogniz$ z ! s\rce ( skill & au?ority on telephony4 ,x may be call$ 9 to rebuild or op]ate ! telephone sy/ems ( o!r c\ntries1 9 ! same way t x is n[ supply+ oil & /eel rails & f>m ma*9]y4 ,j z ! wise buy] ( to-day asks ,france = *ampagne1 ,g]many = toys1 ,engl& = cottons1 & ! ,ori5t = rugs1 s he w le>n to look ^u ! ,unit$ ,/ates z ! natural home & headqu>t]s ( ! telephone4 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,! ,,future ,,( ,,! ,,telephone ,9 ! ,spr+ ( #aijg ,!odore ,n4 ,vail1 a rugg$1 ruddy1 :ite-hair$ man1 0 sup]9t5d+ ! build+ ( a big b>n 9 nor!rn ,v]mont4 ,8 h\se /ood ne>-by1 on a balcony ( roll+ l& t ov]look$ ! t[n ( ,lyndon & f> beyond1 across ev]gre5 =e/s to ! massive bulk ( ,burke ,m\nta94 ,8 f>m1 v ne>ly t5 squ>e miles 9 area1 lay back ( ! h\se 9 a great oval ( field & woodl&1 ) sev]al doz5 cottages 9 ! cle>+s4 ,8 ,wel% ponies & ,swiss cattle 7 graz+ on ! ,may grass1 & ! m5 7 busy ) ! pl\ghs & h>r[s & se$]s4 ,x 0 almo/ ?irty ye>s s9ce he _h be5 call$ 9 to create ! bus9ess /ructure ( telephony1 & to %ape ! g5]al plan ( its developm5t4 ,s9ce !n he _h done _m o!r ?+s4 ,! "o city ( ,bu5os ,ayres _h paid him m1 m]ely = giv+ x a sy/em ( trolleys & electric lights1 ?an ! ,unit$ ,/ates _h paid him = putt+ ! telephone on a bus9ess basis4 ,he 0 n[ ri* & retir$1 free to enjoy 8 play-"w ( ! f>m & to =get ! tr\bles ( ! city & ! telephone4 ,b1 z he /ood among 8 b>n-build]s1 !re arriv$ f ,bo/on & ,new ,york a delegation ( telephone directors4 ,mo/ ( !m belong$ to ! ,old ,gu>d ( telephony4 ,!y _h f\ght "u ,vail 9 ! pione] days2 & n[ !y _h come to ask him to return to ! telephone bus9ess1 aft] tw5ty ye>s ( abs5ce4 ,vail laugh$ at ! sugge/ion4 ,nons5se1 he said1 ,i'm too old4 ,i'm sixty-two ye>s ( age4 ,! directors p]si/$4 ,!y spoke ( ! approa*+ /orm-cl\d ( panic & ! ne$ ( ano!r /rong h& at ! :eel until ! crisis 0 ov]1 b ,vail /ill refus$4 ,!y spoke ( old times & old memories1 b he %ook 8 head4 ,all my life1 he said1 ,i h want$ to be a f>m]4 ,!n !y drew a picture ( ! telephone situation4 ,!y %[$ him t ! gr& telephonic sy/em :i* he _h plann$ 0 unf9i%$4 ,he 0 its ar*itect1 & x 0 undone4 ,! telephone bus9ess 0 en]getic & prosp]\s4 ,"u ! brilliant lead]%ip ( ,fr$]ick ,p4 ,fi%1 x _h gr[n by leaps & b\nds4 ,b x 0 /ill f> f be+ ! ,,sy/em t ,vail _h dream$ ( 9 8 y\ng] days2 & s1 :5 ! directors put be=e him 8 unf9i%$ plan1 he surr5d]$4 ,! in/9ct = complet5ess1 :i* is "o ( ! dom9at+ *>act]i/ics ( 8 m9d1 compell$ him to cons5t4 ,x 0 ! call ( ! telephone4 ,s9ce t ,may morn+1 #aijg1 great ?+s h be5 done by ! m5 ( ! telephone & telegraph _w4 ,! ,bell ,sy/em 0 br\ght ?r\gh ! panic )\t a scrat*4 ,:5 ! d\bt & confusion 7 at _! wor/1 ,vail wrote an op5 lett] to 8 /ock-hold]s1 9 8 practical1 f>m]-l way4 ,he said3 ,our net e>n+s = ! la/ t5 mon?s 7 #ac1gae1jjj1 z aga9/ #aa1egi1jjj = ! same p]iod 9 #aijf4 ,we h n[ 9 ! banks ov] #ah1jjj1jjj2 & we w n ne$ to borr[ any money = two ye>s4 ,soon aft]w>ds1 ! "w ( consolidation began4 ,companies t ov]lapp$ 7 unit$4 ,small local wire-clu/]s1 sev]al ?\s&s ( !m1 7 l9k$ to ! national l9es4 ,a policy ( publicity sup]s$$ ! secrecy :i* _h naturally gr[n to be a habit 9 ! days ( pat5t litigation4 ,visitors & report]s f\nd an op5 door4 ,educational adv]tisem5ts 7 publi%$ 9 ! mo/ popul> magaz9es4 ,! corps ( inv5tors 0 spurr$ up to conqu] ! long-di/ance problems4 ,& 9 return = a ?irty million *eck1 ! control ( ! hi/oric ,we/]n ,union 0 transf]r$ f ! *ildr5 ( ,jay ,g\ld to ! ?irty ?\s& /ock-hold]s ( ! ,am]ican ,telephone & ,telegraph ,company4 ,f :at has be5 done1 !re=e1 we may v5ture a guess z to ! future ( ! telephone4 ,?is gr& telephonic sy/em :i* _h no exi/5ce ?irty ye>s ago1 except 9 ! imag9ation ( ,vail1 seems to be at h&4 ,! v newsboys 9 ! /reets are cry+ x4 ,& :ile !re is1 ( c\rse1 no exact bluepr9t ( a be/ possible telephone sy/em1 we c n[ see ! g5]al outl9es ( ,vail's plan4 ,!re is no?+ my/]i\s or om9\s 9 ?is plan4 ,x has no?+ to d ) ! pools & conspiracies ( ,wall ,/reet4 ,no "o w be squeez$ out except ! promot]s ( pap] companies4 ,! simple fact is t ,vail is organiz+ a complete ,bell ,sy/em = ! same reason t he built "o big com=table b>n = 8 ,swiss cattle & 8 ,wel% ponies1 in/ead ( half a doz5 small uncom=table %$s4 ,he has nev] be5 a high f9anci] to juggle pr(its out ( o!r m5's losses4 ,he is m]ely apply+ to ! telephone bus9ess ! same h>d s5se t any f>m] uses 9 ! managem5t ( 8 f>m4 ,he is build+ a ,big ,b>n1 metaphorically1 = ! telephone & telegraph4 ,pla9ly1 ! telephone sy/em ( ! future w be national1 s t any two p 9 ! same c\ntry w be able to talk to "o ano!r4 ,x w n be competitive1 = ! reason t no f>m] w\ld ?9k = a mom5t ( runn+ 8 f>m on competitive l9es4 ,x w h a /aff-&-l9e organization1 to use a milit>y phrase4 ,ea* local company w cont9ue to h&le its own local affairs1 & ex]cise to ! full ! basic virtue ( self-help4 ,b !re w also be1 z n[1 a c5tral body ( exp]ts to h&le ! l>g] affairs t are common to all companies4 ,no sep>at5ess or secession on ! "o side1 nor bureaucracy on ! o!r--t is ! typically ,am]ican idea t und]lies ! ideal telephone sy/em4 ,! l9e ( au?ority1 9 su* a sy/em1 w beg9 ) ! local manag]4 ,f him x w rise to ! directors ( ! ,/ate company2 !n high] /ill to ! directors ( ! national company2 & f9ally1 above all corporate lead]s to ! ,f$]al ,gov]nm5t itself4 ,! failure ( gov]nm5t own]%ip ( ! telephone 9 s _m =eign c\ntries does n mean t ! private companies w h absolute p[]4 ,q ! rev]se4 ,! lesson ( ?irty ye>s' exp]i5ce %[s t a private telephone company is apt to be mu* m ob$i5t to ! w ( ! p ?an if x 7 a ,gov]nm5t dep>tm5t4 ,b x is an axiom ( democracy t no company1 h[ev] well conduct$1 w be p]mitt$ to control a public conv5i5ce )\t be+ held /rictly responsible = its own acts4 ,z politics becomes less ( a game & m ( a responsibility1 ! telephone ( ! future w d\btless be sup]vis$ by "s sort ( public committee1 :i* w h p[] to pass ^u compla9ts1 & to prev5t ! nuisance ( duplication & ! sw9dle ( wat]+ /ock4 ,z ?is ,f$]al sup]vision becomes m & m effici5t1 ! pres5t fe> ( monopoly w decrease1 j z x did 9 ! case ( ! railways4 ,x is a fact1 al?\gh n[ g5]ally =gott51 t ! fir/ railways ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates 7 run = t5 ye>s or m on an anti-monopoly plan4 ,! tracks 7 free to all4 ,any "o :o own$ a c>t ) flang$ :eels c\ld drive x on ! rails & compete ) ! locomotives4 ,!re 0 a happy-g-lucky jumble ( tra9s & wagons1 all held back by ! sl[e/ team2 & ?is cont9u$ on "s railways until z late z #aheg4 ,by t "t ! p saw t com-petition on a railway track 0 absurd4 ,!y all[$ ea* track to be monopoliz$ by "o company1 & ! era ( expansion began4 ,no "o1 c]ta9ly1 at ! pres5t "t1 regrets ! pass+ ( ! indep5d5t team/]4 ,he 0 mu* m arbitr>y & exp5sive ?an any railroad has ev] d>$ to be2 & z ! c\ntry grew1 he became impossible4 ,he 0 n ! fitte/ to survive4 ,= ! g5]al good1 he 0 held back f compet+ ) ! railroad1 & taught to coop]ate ) x by haul+ freight to & f ! depots4 ,?is1 to 8 surprise1 he f\nd mu* m pr(itable & pleasant4 ,he _h be5 squeez$ out ( a bad job into a good "o4 ,& by a simil> process ( evolution1 ! ,unit$ ,/ates is rapidly outgr[+ ! small indep5d5t telephone companies4 ,^! w ev5tually1 "o by "o1 rise z ! team/] did to a high] social value1 by clasp+ wires ) ! ma9 sy/em ( telephony4 ,until #ahha ! ,bell ,sy/em 0 9 ! h&s ( a family gr\p4 ,x 0 a /rictly private ent]prise4 ,! public _h be5 ask$ to help 9 its laun*+1 & _h refus$4 ,b aft] #ahha x pass$ into ! control ( ! small /ock-hold]s1 & has rema9$ !re )\t a break4 ,x is n[ "o ( our mo/ democratiz$ bus9esses1 scatt]+ ei!r wages or divid5ds into m ?an a hundr$ ?\s& homes4 ,x has at times be5 exclusive1 b nev] sordid4 ,x has nev] be5 doll>-mad1 nor fr5zi$ by ! virus ( /ock-gambl+4 ,!re has always be5 a ve9 ( s5tim5t 9 x t kept x 9 t\* ) human nature4 ,ev5 at ! pres5t "t1 ea* *eck ( ! ,am]ican ,telephone & ,telegraph ,company c>ries on x a picture ( a pretty ,cupid1 sitt+ on a *air ^u :i* he has plac$ a ?ick book1 & gayly prattl+ into a telephone4 ,sev]al sweep+ *anges may be expect$ 9 ! ne> future1 n[ t !re is team-play betwe5 ! ,bell ,sy/em & ! ,we/]n ,union4 ,already1 by a /roke ( ! p51 five million us]s ( telephones h be5 put on ! cr$it books ( ! ,we/]n ,union2 & e ,bell telephone (fice is n[ a telegraph (fice4 ,?ree telephone messages & eight telegrams may be s5t ,,at ,,! ,,same ,,"t ov] two pairs ( wires3 t is "o ( ! rec5t miracles ( sci5ce1 & is n[ to be tri$ out ^u a gigantic scale4 ,mo/ ( ! long-di/ance telephone wires1 fully two million miles1 c be us$ = telegraphic purposes2 & a ?ird ( ! ,we/]n ,union wires1 five hundr$ ?\s& miles1 may ) a few *anges be us$ = talk+4 ,! ,we/]n ,union is pay+ r5t = tw5ty-two ?\s&1 five hundr$ (fices1 all ( :i* helps to make telegraphy a luxury ( ! few4 ,x is employ+ z l>ge a =ce ( mess5g]-boys z ! army t m>*$ ) ,g5]al ,%]man f ,atlanta to ! sea4 ,bo? ( ^! items ( exp5se w dw9dle :5 a ,bell wire & a ,morse wire c be br\ght to a common t]m9al2 & :5 a telegram c be receiv$ or deliv]$ by telephone4 ,!re w also be a ga91 p]haps ! l>ge/ ( all1 9 remov+ ! trudg+ little mess5g]-boy f ! /reets & s5d+ him ei!r to s*ool or to le>n "s useful trade4 ,! fact is t ! ,unit$ ,/ates is ! fir/ c\ntry t has succe$$ 9 putt+ bo? telephone & telegraph ^u ! prop] basis4 ,else:]e ei!r ! two are widely ap>t1 or ! telephone is a m]e adjunct ( a telegraphic dep>tm5t4 ,accord+ to ! new ,am]ican plan1 ! two are n competitive1 b complem5t>y4 ,! "o is a supplem5t to ! o!r4 ,! po/ (fice s5ds a package2 ! telegraph s5ds ! cont5ts ( ! package2 b ! telephone s5ds no?+4 ,x is an app>atus t makes conv]sation possible betwe5 two sep>at$ p4 ,ea* ( ! ?ree has a di/9ct field ( its own1 s t !re has nev] be5 any cause = jeal\sy among !m4 ,to make ! telephone an annex ( ! po/ (fice or ! telegraph has become absurd4 ,!re are n[ 9 ! :ole _w v ne>ly z _m messages s5t by telephone z by lett]2 & !re are ,,?irty-,,two ,,times z _m telephone calls z telegrams4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! telephone has gr[n to be ! big bro!r ( ! telegraph4 ,x has six times ! net e>n+s & eight times ! wire4 ,& x transmits z _m messages z ! comb9$ total ( telegrams1 lett]s1 & railroad pass5g]s4 ,?is univ]sal tr5d t[>d consolidation has introduc$ a v>iety ( problems t w engage ! able/ bra9s 9 ! telephone _w = _m ye>s to come4 ,h[ to get ! b5efits ( organization )\t its losses1 to become /rong )\t los+ quickness1 to become sy/ematic )\t los+ ! da% & d>e ( e>li] days1 to develop ! work+ =ce into an army ( high-spe$ speciali/s )\t los+ ! bird's-eye view ( ! :ole situation1--^! are ! riddles ( ! new type1 = :i* ! telephoni/s ( ! next g5]ation mu/ f9d ! answ]s4 ,!y illu/rate ! nature ( ! big jobs t ! telephone has to (f] to an ambiti\s & gift$ "y man ( to-day4 ,! problems nev] 7 z l>ge or z complex z !y are "r n[1 says ,j4 ,j4 ,c>ty1 ! *ief ( ! telephone eng9e]s4 ,! et]nal /ruggle rema9s betwe5 ! l>ge & little ideas--betwe5 ! m5 :o see :at might be & ! m5 :o only see :at ,,is4 ,!re is /ill ! race to break records4 ,already ! girl at ! swit*bo>d c f9d ! p]son want$ 9 ?irty seconds4 ,?is is "o-t5? ( ! "t t 0 tak5 9 ! e>ly c5trals2 b x is /ill too long4 ,x is "o-half ( a valuable m9ute4 ,x mu/ be cut to tw5ty-five seconds1 or tw5ty or fifte54 ,!re is /ill ! inv5tors' battle to ga9 miles4 ,! di/ance ov] :i* conv]sations c be held has be5 increas$ f tw5ty miles to tw5ty-five hundr$4 ,b ?is is n f> en\gh4 ,!re are "s civiliz$ human be+s :o are twelve ?\s& miles ap>t1 & :o h int]e/s 9 common4 ,dur+ ! ,box] ,rebellion 9 ,*9a1 = in/ance1 !re 7 ,am]icans 9 ,pek+ :o w\ld gladly h giv5 half ( _! =tune = ! use ( a pair ( wires to ,new ,york4 ,9 ! e>lie/ days ( ! telephone1 ,bell 0 fond ( prophesy+ t ! "t w come :5 we w talk across ! ,atlantic ,ocean2 b ?is 0 reg>d$ z a poetical fancy until ,pup9 inv5t$ 8 me?od ( automatically propell+ ! electric curr5t4 ,s9ce !n ! mo/ cons]vative eng9e] w discuss ! problem ( transatlantic telephony4 ,& z = ! poets1 !y are n[ dream+ ( ! "t :5 a man may speak & he> 8 own voice come back to him ar\nd ! _w4 ,! imm$iate long-di/ance problem is1 ( c\rse1 to talk f ,new ,york to ! ,pacific4 ,! two oceans are n[ only ?ree & a half days ap>t by rail4 ,seattle is clamor+ = a wire to ! ,ea/4 ,san ,diego wants "o 9 "t = h] ,panama ,canal ,exposition 9 #aiae4 ,! wires are already /rung to ,san ,francisco1 b _c be us$ 9 ! pres5t /age ( ! art4 ,& ,vail's capta9s are work+ n[ ) almo/ brea?less ha/e to give him a bir?day pres5t ( a talk across ! cont95t f 8 f>m 9 ,v]mont4 ,i c see a univ]sal sy/em ( telephony = ! ,unit$ ,/ates 9 ! v ne> future1 says ,c>ty4 ,!re is a /atue ( ,sew>d /&+ 9 "o ( ! /reets ( ,seattle4 ,! inscription ^u x is1 ,to a ,unit$ ,c\ntry4' ,b z an ,ea/]n] /&s !re1 he feels ! isolation ( t ,f> ,we/]n ,/ate1 & he w always feel x1 until he c talk f "o side ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates to ! o!r4 ,= my "p1 cont9ues ,c>ty1 ,i believe we w talk across cont95ts & across oceans4 ,:y n8 ,are !re n m cells 9 "o human body ?an !re are p 9 ! :ole e>?8 ,"s future ,c>ty may solve ! ab&on$ problem ( ! s+le wire1 & cut ! copp] bill 9 two by re/or+ ! gr\nd$ circuit4 ,he may transmit vision z well z spee*4 ,he may p]fect a ?ird-rail sy/em = use on mov+ tra9s4 ,he may conceive ( an ideal insulat+ mat]ial to sup]s$e glass1 mica1 pap]1 & enamel4 ,he may e/abli% a univ]sal code1 s t all p]sons ( importance 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates %all h call-numb]s by :i* !y may in/antly be locat$1 z books are 9 a libr>y4 ,"s o!r "y man may create a comm]cial dep>tm5t on wide l9es1 a "w :i* telephone m5 h z yet be5 too specializ$ to d4 ,:oev] does ?is w be a man ( compreh5sive bra94 ,he w be z closely 9 t\* ) ! av]age man z ) ! art ( telephony4 ,he w "k ! gossip ( ! /reet1 ! dem&s ( ! labor unions1 & ! policies ( gov]nors & presid5ts4 ,! psy*ology ( ! ,we/]n f>m] w conc]n him1 & ! tone ( ! daily press1 & ! me?ods ( dep>tm5t /ores4 ,x w be 8 aim to "k ! subtle *emi/ry ( public op9ion1 & to adapt ! telephone s]vice to ! %ift+ moods & necessities ( ! times4 ,,he ,,w ,,fit ,,telephony ,,l ,a ,,g>m5t ,,ar\nd ,,! ,,habits ,,( ,,! ,,p4 ,also1 n[ t ! telephone bus9ess has become /rong1 its next anxiety mu/ be to develop ! virtues1 & n ! defects1 ( /r5g?4 ,its motto mu/ be ,i* di5--,i s]ve2 & x w be ! "w ( ! future /atesm5 ( ! telephone to illu/rate ?is motto 9 all its practical v>iations4 ,!y w cat] & expla91 & expla9 & cat]4 ,!y w educate & educate1 until !y h creat$ an exp]t public4 ,!y w tea* by pictures & lectures & exhibitions4 ,!y w h *>ts & diagrams hung 9 ! telephone boo?s1 s t ! p]son :o is wait+ = a call may le>n a little & pass ! "t m pleasantly4 ,!y w1 9 a ^w1 att5d to ^? innum]able trifles t make ! p]fection ( public s]vice4 ,already ! ,bell ,sy/em has gone f> 9 ?is direction by organiz+ :at might fairly be call$ a =esight dep>tm5t4 ,"h is :]e ! =tune-tell]s ( ! bus9ess sit4 ,:5 new l9es or ex*anges are to be built1 ^! m5 /udy ! situation ) an eye to ! future4 ,!y prep>e a fundam5tal plan1 outl9+ :at may reasonably be expect$ to happ5 9 fifte5 or tw5ty ye>s4 ,inv>iably !y are optimi/s4 ,!y make provision = gr[?1 b none at all = %r9kage4 ,by _! advice1 !re is n[ tw5ty-five million doll>s' wor? ( res]ve plant 9 ! v>i\s ,bell ,companies1 wait+ = ! c\ntry to gr[ up to x4 ,ev5 9 ! city ( ,new ,york1 "o-half ( ! cable ducts are empty1 9 expectation ( ! great] city ( eight million population :i* is s*$ul$ to arrive 9 #aibh4 ,!re are p]haps few m impressive evid5ces ( practical optimism & confid5ce ?an a new telephone ex*ange1 ) two-?irds ( its wires wait+ = ! bus9ess ( ! future4 ,ev5tually1 ?is =esight dep>tm5t w exp&4 ,x may1 if a lead] ( g5ius appe>1 become ! fir/ real corps ( practical sociologi/s1 :i* w sub/itute facts = ! pres5t hot*-pot* ( !ories4 ,x w prep>e a fundam5tal plan ( ! :ole ,unit$ ,/ates1 %[+ ! c5tre ( ea* indu/ry & ! ma9 runways ( traffic4 ,x w act ^u ! basic fact t ,,:]ev] ,,!re ,,is ,,int]dep5d5ce1 ,,!re ,,is ,,b\nd ,,to ,,be ,,telephony2 & x w !re=e prep>e maps ( int]dep5d5ce1 %[+ ! widely scatt]$ gr\ps ( indu/ry & f9ance1 & ! l9es t weave !m into a patt]n ( national coop]ation4 ,z yet1 no nation1 n ev5 our own1 has se5 ! full value ( ! long-di/ance telephone4 ,few h ! imag9ation to see :at has be5 made possible1 & to realize t an actual face-to-face conv]sation may take place1 ev5 ?\gh !re be a ?\s& miles betwe54 ,nei!r c x seem cr$ible t a man 9 a di/ant city may be locat$ z readily z ?\gh he 7 close at h&4 ,x is too amaz+ to be true1 & possibly a new g5]ation w h to arrive be=e x w be tak5 = grant$ & act$ ^u freely4 ,ultimately1 !re c be no d\bt t long-di/ance telephony w be reg>d$ z a national asset ( ! highe/ value1 = ! reason t x c prev5t s mu* ( ! enorm\s economic wa/e ( travel4 ,no?+ t sci5ce c say w ev] decrease ! m>vel ( a long-di/ance conv]sation1 & !re may come 9 ! future an ,int]pret] :o w put x be=e our eyes 9 ! =m ( a mov+-picture4 ,he w enable u to foll[ ! fly+ words 9 a talk f ,bo/on to ,d5v]4 ,we w fla% fir/ to ,worce/]1 cross ! ,hudson on ! high bridge at ,p\ghkeepsie1 sw+ s\?we/ ?r\gh a doz5 coal t[ns to ! outskirts ( ,philadelphia1 leap across ! ,susquehanna1 zigzag up & d[n ! ,allegh5ies into ! murk ( ,pittsburg1 cross ! ,ohio at ,:eel+1 glance pa/ ,columbus & ,indianapolis1 ov] ! ,waba% at ,t]re ,haute1 into ,/4 ,l\is by ! ,eads bridge1 ?r\gh ,kansas ,city1 across ! ,miss\ri1 along ! corn-fields ( ,kansas1 & !n on--on--on ) ! ,sante ,fe ,railway1 across va/ pla9s & pa/ ! br9k ( ! ,gr& ,canyon1 to ,pueblo & ! l(ty city ( ,d5v]4 ,tw5ty-five hundr$ miles along a ?\s& tons ( copp] wire6 ,f ,bunk] ,hill to ,pike's ,peak ,,9 ,a ,,second6 ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 9 8 autobiography1 alludes to ! impressive fact t :ile ! eye is read+ a s+le l9e ( type1 ! e>? has travell$ ?irty miles ?r\gh space4 ,b ?is1 9 telephony1 w\ld be sl[ travell+4 ,x is simple ev]yday tru? to say t :ile y\r eye is read+ ?is da%1--1 a telephone s\nd c be c>ri$ f ,new ,york to ,*icago4 ,!re are _m reasons to believe t = ! practical ideali/s ( ! future1 ! supreme /udy w be ! =ce t makes su* miracles possible4 ,six ?\s& million doll>s--"o-tw5tie? ( our national weal?--is at ! pres5t "t inve/$ 9 electrical developm5t4 ,! ,electrical ,age has n yet arriv$2 b x is at h&2 & no "o c tell h[ brilliant ! result may be1 :5 ! creative m9ds ( a nation are focuss$ ^u ! subdual ( ?is my/]i\s =ce1 :i* has m p[] & m delicacy ?an any o!r =ce t man has be5 able to h>ness4 ,z a tame & tractable en]gy1 ,electricity is new4 ,x has no pa/ & no p$igree4 ,x is y\ng] ?an _m p :o are n[ alive4 ,among ! wise m5 ( ,greece & ,rome1 few knew its exi/5ce1 & none put x to any practical use4 ,! wise/ knew t a piece ( amb]1 :5 rubb$1 w attract fea!ry sub/ances4 ,b !y reg>d$ ?is z poetry r ?an sci5ce4 ,!re 0 a pretty leg5d among ! ,pho5icians t ! pieces ( amb] 7 ! petrifi$ te>s ( maid5s :o _h ?r[n !mselves into ! sea because ( unrequit$ love1 & ea* bead ( amb] 0 highly priz$4 ,x 0 worn z an amulet & a symbol ( purity4 ,n = two ?\s& ye>s did any "o dream t )9 its gold5 he>t lay hidd5 ! secret ( a new electrical civilization4 ,n ev5 9 #ageb1 :5 ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 flew 8 fam\s kite on ! banks ( ! ,s*uylkill ,riv]1 & captur$ ! fir/ ,,cann$ ,,lightn+1 0 !re any def9ite k ( electrical en]gy4 ,8 lightn+-rod 0 reg>d$ z an insult to ! deity ( ,heav54 ,x 0 blam$ = ! e>?quake ( #agee4 ,& n until ! telegraph ( ,morse came into g5]al use1 did m5 d>e to ?9k ( ! ?und]-bolt ( ,jove z a possible s]vant ( ! human race4 ,?us x happ5$ t :5 ,bell inv5t$ ! telephone1 he surpris$ ! _w ) a new idea4 ,he _h to make ! ?\ght z well z ! ?+4 ,no ,jules ,v]ne or ,h4 ,g4 ,wells _h =ese5 x4 ,! au?or ( ! ,arabian ,nights fantasies _h conceiv$ ( a fly+ c>pet1 b nei!r he nor any "o else _h conceiv$ ( fly+ conv]sation4 ,9 all ! lit]ature ( anci5t days1 !re is n a l9e t w apply to ! telephone1 except possibly t expressive phrase 9 ! ,bible1 ,& !re came a voice4 ,9 ^! m privileg$ days1 ! telephone has come to be reg>d$ z a commonplace fact ( ev]yday life2 & we are apt to =get t ! wond] ( x has become great] & n less2 & t !re are /ill honor & pr(it1 pl5ty ( bo?1 to be won by ! inv5tor & ! sci5ti/4 ,! flood ( electrical pat5ts 0 nev] high] ?an n[4 ,!re are lit]ally m 9 a s+le mon? ?an ! total numb] issu$ by ! ,pat5t ,(fice up to #ahei4 ,! ,bell ,sy/em has ?ree hundr$ exp]ts :o are paid to d no?+ else b try out all new ideas & inv5tions2 & be=e ^! words c pass into ! pr9t$ book1 new uses & new me?ods w h be5 discov]$4 ,!re is !re=e no imm$iate dang] t ! art ( telephony w be less fasc9at+ 9 ! future ?an x has be5 9 ! pa/4 ,x w /ill be ! mo/ allur+ & elusive sprite t ev] l$ ! way ?r\gh a ,d>k ,cont95t ( my/]i\s ph5om5a4 ,!re /ill rema9s = "s future sci5ti/ ! task ( %[+ u 9 detail exactly :at ! telephone curr5t does4 ,su* a man w /udy vibrations z ,d>w9 /udi$ ! diff]5tiation ( species4 ,he w inve/igate h[ a *ild's voice1 speak+ f ,bo/on to ,omaha1 c vibrate m ?an a million p\nds ( copp] wire2 & he w inv5t a f9] sy/em ( "t to fit ! telephone1 :i* c d z _m diff]5t ?+s 9 a second z a man c d 9 a day1 transmitt+ ) e tick ( ! clock f tw5ty-five to eighty ?\s& vibrations4 ,he w deal ) ! v>i\s vibrations ( n]ves & wires & wireless air1 t are necess>y 9 convey+ ?\ght betwe5 two sep>at$ m9ds4 ,he w make cle> h[ a ?\ght1 orig9at+ 9 ! bra91 passes along ! n]ve-wires to ! vocal *ords1 & !n 9 wireless vibration ( air to ! disc ( ! transmitt]4 ,at ! o!r end ( ! l9e ! second disc re-creates ^! vibrations1 :i* imp+e ^u ! n]ve-wires ( an e>1 & are ?us c>ri$ to ! consci\sness ( ano!r bra94 ,& s1 not)/&+ all t has be5 done s9ce ,bell op5$ up ! way1 ! telephone rema9s ! acme ( electrical m>vels4 ,no o!r ?+ does s mu* ) s little en]gy4 ,no o!r ?+ is m enswa!d 9 ! unkn[n4 ,n ev5 ! gray-hair$ pione]s :o h liv$ ) ! telephone s9ce its bir?1 c und]/& _! protege4 ,z to ! :y & ! h[1 !re is z yet no answ]4 ,x is z true ( telephony to-day z x 0 9 #ahgf1 t a *ild c use :at ! wise/ sages _c compreh5d4 ,"h is a t9y disc ( %eet-iron4 ,i speak--x %udd]s4 ,x has a diff]5t %udd] = e s\nd4 ,x has ?\s&s ( millions ( diff]5t %udd]s4 ,!re is a second disc _m miles away1 p]haps tw5ty-five hundr$ miles away4 ,betwe5 ! two discs runs a copp] wire4 ,z ,i speak1 a ?rill ( electricity flits along ! wire4 ,?is ?rill is m\ld$ by ! %udd] ( ! disc4 ,x makes ! second disc %udd]4 ,& ! %udd] ( ! second disc reproduces my voice4 ,t is :at happ5s4 ,b h[--n all ! sci5ti/s ( ! _w c tell4 ,! telephone curr5t is a ph5om5on ( ! e!r1 say ! !ori/s4 ,b :at is e!r8 ,no "o kn[s4 ,sir ,oliv] ,lodge has guess$ t x is p]haps ! only sub/antial ?+ 9 ! mat]ial univ]se2 b no "o kn[s4 ,!re is no?+ to guide u 9 t unkn[n c\ntry except a sign-po/ t po9ts upw>ds & be>s ! "o ^w--,p]haps4 ,! e!r ( space6 ,"h is an ,eldorado = ! sci5ti/s ( ! future1 & :oev] c fir/ map x out w g f> t[>d discov]+ ! secret ( telephony4 ,"s day--:o kn[s8--!re may come ! poetry & gr& op]a ( ! telephone4 ,arti/s may come :o w portray ! m>vel ( ! wires t quiv] ) electrifi$ words1 & ! romance ( ! swit*bo>ds t tremble ) ! secrets ( a great city4 ,already ,puvis de ,*avannes1 by "o ( 8 sup]b panels 9 ! ,bo/on ,libr>y1 has admitt$ ! telephone & ! telegraph to ! _w ( art4 ,he has embodi$ !m z two fly+ figures1 pois$ above ! electric wires1 & ) ! foll[+ inscription und]nea?3 ,by ! wondr\s ag5cy ( electricity1 spee* da%es ?r\gh space & swift z lightn+ be>s tid+s ( good & evil4 ,b ^! r&om guesses z to ! future ( ! telephone may fall f> %ort ( :at ! reality w be4 ,9 ^! dazzl+ days x is idle to pr$ict4 ,! inv5tor has ev]y:]e put ! prophet out ( bus9ess4 ,fact has outrun ,fancy4 ,:5 ,morse1 = in/ance1 0 tack+ up 8 fir/ little l9e ( wire ar\nd ! ,spe$well ,iron ,works1 :o c\ld h =ese5 two hundr$ & fifty ?\s& miles ( subm>9e cables1 by :i* ! v oceans are all aquiv] ) ! news ( ! _w8 ,:5 ,fulton's t9y tea-kettle ( a boat /eam$ up ! ,hudson to ,albany 9 two days1 :o c\ld h =ese5 ! /eel levia?ans1 "o-six? ( a mile 9 l5g?1 t c 9 ! same "t cut ! ,atlantic ,ocean 9 halves8 ,& :5 ,bell /ood 9 a d+y work%op 9 ,bo/on & he>d ! clang ( a clock-spr+ come ov] an electric wire1 :o c\ld h =ese5 ! massive /ructure ( ! ,bell ,sy/em1 built up by half ! telephones ( ! _w1 & by ! inve/m5t ( m actual capital ?an has gone to ! mak+ ( any o!r indu/rial association8 ,:o c\ld h =ese5 :at ! telephone bells h done to r+ out ! old ways & to r+ 9 ! new2 to r+ out delay1 & isolation & to r+ 9 ! effici5cy & ! fri5dl9ess ( a truly unit$ p8