,editorial note3 ,%aksp]e is ! spell+ us$ by ! au?or & !re=e 0 n *ang$ ,,%aksp]e ,,& ,,montaigne ,an ,endeav\r to ,expla9 ! ,t5d5cy ( ',hamlet' f ,allusions 9 ,contempor>y ,works ,,by ,,jacob ,,feis ,,cont5ts4 ,i4 ,,introduction ,,ii4 ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,! ,,engli% ,,drama ,,! ,,/age ,a ,,m$ium ,,= ,,political ,,& ,,religi\s ,,controv]sies ,,%aksp]e',s ,,political ,,cre$ ,,florio',s ,,translation ,,( ,,montaigne',s ,,essays ,,iii4 ,,montaigne ,,iv4 ,,hamlet ,v4 ,,! ,,controv]sy ,,betwe5 ,,b5 ,,jonson ,,& ,,dekk] ,,m5tion ,,( ,a ,,dispute ,,betwe5 ,,b5 ,,jonson ,,& ,,%aksp]e ,,9 ',,! ,,return ,,f ,,p>nassus' ,,*>act]i/ic ,,( ,,b5 ,,jonson ,,b5 ,,jonson',s ,,ho/ile ,,attitude ,,t[>ds ,,%aksp]e ,,dramatic ,,skirmi% ,,betwe5 ,,b5 ,,jonson ,,& ,,%aksp]e ,,b5 ,,jonson',s ',,poeta/]' ,,dekk]',s ',,satiroma/ix' ,,vi4 ',,volpone1' ,,by ,,b5 ,,jonson ',,ea/w>d ,,hoe1' ,,by ,,*apman1 ,,b5 ,,jonson1 ,,& ,,m>/on ',,! ,,malcont5t1' ,,by ,,john ,,m>/on ,i4 ,,introduction4 ,x has always be5 a d>+ v5ture to attempt f9d+ out ,%aksp]e's individuality1 & ! range ( 8 philosophical & political ideas1 f 8 poetical productions4 ,we come ne>e/ to 8 feel+s 9 8 ',sonnets2' b only a few heavy sighs1 z x 71 f a "t ( langui% 9 8 life c be he>d !refrom4 ,all ! re/ ( ^? lyrical effusions1 9 spite ( ! zeal\s ex]tions ( comm5tators full ( delicate s5tim5t & ( deep ?\ght1 rema9 an unsolv$ secret4 ,9 8 hi/orical dramas1 a political cre$ has be5 po9t$ out1 :i*1 ) "s degree ( c]ta9ty1 may be held to h be5 84 ,f 8 o!r dramas1 ! mo/ v>i$ evid5ce has be5 drawn4 ,a p]fect maze ( contradictions has be5 read out ( !m2 s mu* s t1 on ?is gr\nd1 we might almo/ despair ( tru/wor?y results f fur!r inquiry4 ,! wilde/ & mo/ incongru\s !ories h be5 f\nd$ ^u ',hamlet' --! drama ri*e/ 9 philosophical cont5ts4 ,ov] & ov] aga9 m5 h hop$ to be able to asc]ta91 f ?is trag$y1 ! great ma/]'s ideas ab\t religion4 ,x is well-nigh impossible to say h[ (t5 su* attempts h be5 made1 b ! rew>d ( ! ex]tions has always rema9$ unsatisfactory4 ,on ! feel+s :i* ?is ma/]work ( dramatic art /ill excites to-day--ne>ly ?ree hundr$ ye>s aft] its conception--?\s&s h bas$ ! mo/ diff]5t conclusions2 e "o be+ conv9c$ ( ! correctness ( 8 own impressions4 ,!re is a special lit]ature1 compos$ ( su* r5d]+ ( p]sonal impressions :i* t mo/ enigmatical ( all dramas has made ^u m5 ( v>i\s disposition4 ,e hypo!sis f9ds its adh]5ts among a small gr\p1 :il/ ^? :o feel diff]5tly smile at ! infatuation ( _! antagoni/s4 ,no?+ t c\ld give true & f9al satisfaction has yet be5 rea*$ 9 ?is direction4 ,x is our int5tion to reg>d ',hamlet' f a new po9t ( view1 :i* seems to promise m success ?an ! critical endeav\rs hi!rto made4 ,we propose to ent] ^u a close inve/igation ( a s]ies ( circum/ances1 ev5ts1 & p]sonal relations ( ! poet1 z well z ( c]ta9 indications conta9$ 9 o!r dramatic works--all ( ! p]iod 9 :i* ',hamlet' 0 writt5 & br\ght into publicity4 ,?is valuable mat]ial1 prop]ly arrang$ & put 9 its true connection1 w1 we believe1 furni% u ) su* firm & solid /epp+-/ones z to all[ u1 on a p]fectly tru/wor?y pa?1 to approa* ! real int5tions ( ?is philosophical trag$y4 ,x has long ago be5 felt t1 9 x1 ,%aksp]e has laid d[n 8 religi\s views4 ,by ! means allud$ to we w n[ expla9 t cr$o4 ,we believe we c successfully %[ t ! t5d5cy ( ',hamlet' is ( a controv]sial nature4 ,9 closely exam9+ ! innovations by :i* ! augm5t$ second qu>to edition #a7afjd7 di/+ui%es itself f ! fir/ qu>to1 publi%$ ! ye> be=e 7#afjc71 we f9d t almo/ e "o ( ^! innovations is direct$ aga9/ ! pr9ciples ( a new philosophical "w--,! ,essays ( ,mi*el ,montaigne--:i* _h appe>$ at t "t 9 ,engl&1 & :i* 0 br\ght out "u ! high auspices ( ! =emo/ noblem5 & protectors ( lit]ature 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,f _m h9ts 9 contempor>y dramas1 & f "s cle> passages 9 ',hamlet' itself1 x foll[s at ! same "t t ! polemics c>ri$ on by ,%aksp]e 9 ',hamlet' are 9 mo/ intimate connection ) a controv]sy 9 :i* ! public took a great int]e/1 & :i*1 9 ! fir/ ye>s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 0 f\ght out ) mu* bitt]ness on ! /age4 ,! rem>kable controv]sy is kn[n1 9 ! lit]ature ( t age1 "u ! designation ( ! dispute betwe5 ,b5 ,jonson & ,dekk]4 ,a ?or\gh exam9ation ( ! dramas ref]r+ to x %[s t ,%aksp]e 0 ev5 m implicat$ 9 ?is !atrical w>f>e ?an ,dekk] himself4 ,! latt] wrote a satire entitl$ ',satiroma/ix1' 9 :i* he replies to ,b5 ,jonson's co>se p]sonal invectives ) yet co>s] abuse4 ',hamlet' 0 ,%aksp]e's answ] to ! nagg+ ho/ilities ( ! qu>relsome adv]s>y1 ,b5 ,jonson1 :o belong$ to ! p>ty :i* _h br\ght ! philosophical "w 9 "q into publicity4 ,& ! evid5t t5d5cy ( ! innovations 9 ! second qu>to ( ',hamlet1' we make bold to say1 conv9ces u t x mu/ h be5 f> m ,%aksp]e's object to oppose1 9 t ma/]ly production ( 81 ! p]nici\s influ5ce :i* ! philosophy ( ! "w allud$ to ?reat5$ to ex]cise on ! bett] m9ds ( 8 nation1 ?an to def5d himself aga9/ ! p]sonal attacks ( ,b5 ,jonson4 ,! controv]sy itself is m5tion$ 9 ',hamlet4' ,x is a disclosure ( ! poet1 :i* %$s a little ray ( light into ! d>kness 9 :i* 8 e>?ly walk is envelop$4 ,! ma/]1 :o o!rwise is s sp>+ ) allusions z to 8 sph]e ( action1 speaks #b bitt] words aga9/ an 'a]y ( *ildr5' :o 7 !n '9 fa%ion1' & 7 'mo/ tyrannically clapp$ = x4' ,we are fur!r told t ^! little eyases cry out on ! top ( ! "q & s b]attle ! common /ages 7s !y call !m71 t _m1 we>+ rapi]s1 are afraid ( goose-quills1 & d>e sc>ce come ?i!r4' ,! 'goose-quills' are1 ( c\rse1 ! writ]s ( ! dramas play$ by ! 'little eyases4' ,we !n le>n 't !re 0 = a :ile no money bid = argum5t' 7,%aksp]e1 we see1 0 n a%am$ ( hone/ ga97 'unless ! poet & ! play] w5t to cuffs 9 ! "q4' ,la/ly1 ! reproa* is made to ! nation t x 'holds x no s9 to t>re !m 7! *ildr57 to controv]sy4' ,?is satire is und\bt$ly--all comm5tators agree ^u ?is po9t--direct$ aga9/ ! p]=mances ( ! *ildr5 :o at t "t fl\ri%$4 ,! mo/ popul> ( ^! juv5ile actors 7 ! ,*ildr5 ( ,paul's1 ! ,*ildr5 ( ! ,revels1 ! ,*ildr5 ( ! ,*apel ,royal4 ,%aksp]e's rem>ks1 direct$ aga9/ ^! =w>d y\ng/]s1 may appe> to u to-day z ( v second>y importance 9 ! great drama4 ,to ! poet1 no d\bt1 x 0 n s4 ,! words by :i* he alludes to ?is episode 9 8 life come f 8 v he>t1 & 7 writt5 = ! purpose ( reprov+ ! conduct ( ! public 9 reg>d to himself4 ',hamlet' 0 compos$ 9 ! atmosph]e ( ?is lit]>y feud1 f :i* we draw confirmatory pro( t our !ory /&s on ! solid gr\nd ( hi/orical fact4 ,ev5 %\ld our endeav\r to f9ally solve ! great problem ( ',hamlet' be made 9 va91 we believe we %all at lea/ h po9t$ out a way on :i* o!rs might be m successful4 ,9 contradi/9ction to ! mann] hi!rto 9 use ( draw+ conclusions f impressions only1 our own matt]-(-fact attempt w h ?is advantage1 t ! "t sp5t 9 x w n be :olly wa/$2 =1 9 look+ r\nd on ! sc5e ( t ev5tful c5tury1 we %all become m intimate ) its lit]ature & ! *>act]s ( ,%aksp]e's contempor>ies4 ,be=e ent]+ ^u ! !me itself1 x is necess>y to ca/ a rapid glance at ! condition ( ! dramatic art ( t p]iod4 #a3 ',enl>g$ to almo/ z mu*-aga9e z x 04' #b3 ,act ii4 sc4 #b4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,! ,,engli% ,,drama4 ,,! ,,/age ,a ,,m$ium ,,= ,,political ,,& ,,religi\s ,,controv]sies4 ,,%aksp]e',s ,,political ,,cre$4 ,,florio',s ,,translation ,,( ,,montaigne',s ,,essays4 ,long be=e ,%aksp]e1 p]haps ) f>del on 8 back1 travell$ to ,london1 ! /age1 n only 9 ! capital1 b 9 ! :ole c\ntry1 _h begun to ex]cise its attractive p[] ^u ! p's imag9ation4 ,9 ! ye> #aehf1 a ,prote/ant zealot1 a soldi]1 #a writes3--',:5 ! belles tole to ! ,lector]1 ! trumpetts s\nd to ! ,/ages1 :>eat ! wick$ faction ( ,rome lawge? = joy1 :ile ! godly weepe = sorr[e4 ,woe is me6 ! play h\ses are pe/]$ :5 ! *ur*es are nak$4 ,at ! "o x is n possible to gett a place2 at ! o!r voyde seates are pl5tie4444 ,yt is a w(ull sight to see two hundr$ pr\de play]s jett 9 _! silks :]e five hundr$ pore p /]ve 9 ! /reets4' ,already 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 a ',ma/] ( ! ,revels' 0 requir$1 ^: task x 0 to control ! public repres5tations & amusem5ts4 ,que5 ,elizabe? _h to issue sev]al special ord9ances to def9e m closely ! functions1 & provide ) fre% p[] ?is (fice1 :i* _h be5 creat$ by h] fa!r4 ,l all o!r great a*ievem5ts ( ! ,engli% nation1 ! drama1 too1 develop$ itself 9 ?is c\ntry unhamp]$ by =eign influ5ce4 ,its rapid gr[? 0 ow+ to ! free & en]getic _s ( ,engli%m51 to _! love = public life4 ,e ev5t :i* 9 "s way attract$ public att5tion1 furni%$ ! mat]ial = a new ballad1 or a new drama4 ,among ! dramati/s ( t "t1 !re 0 a specially active gr\p ( malcont5ts--m5 ( culture1 :o _h be5 at ! colleges & univ]sities2 su* z ,peel1 ,gre5e1 ,m>l[e1 ,*apman1 ,m>/on1 ,b5 ,jonson1 & o!rs4 ,if we ask ourselves h[ x came ab\t t ^! disciples ( erudition turn$ ov] to a call+ s despis$ 9 _! days 7= ! dramati/1 ) few exceptions1 0 !n mo/ly held 9 z l[ a repute z ! play]71 ! cause w be f\nd 9 ! peculi> circum/ances ( t epo*4 ,! revival ( classical /udies1 & ! art ( pr9t+1 71 9 ! h&s ( ! peace-lov+ citiz51 fre% means = /r5g!n+ 8 position 9 ! ,/ate4 ,! h&icraftsman or ! m]*ant1 :o _h ga9$ a small =tune1 0 no long] satisfi$ ) ! mode/ prospects :i* he c\ld (f] to 8 tal5t$ son 9 an ord9>y work%op1 or 9 8 n>r[ /ore-rooms4 ,s9ce ,rome no long] ex]cis$ h] once all-p[]ful influ5ce 9 e walk ( life1 univ]sity m51 ow+ to _! sup]ior education1 saw be=e !m a bright]1 a m hopeful1 future4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury ! numb] ( /ud5ts 9 colleges & at !univ]sities increas$ 9 an a/oni%+ degree1 especially f ! middle classes4 ,! sons ( simple burgh]s ent]$ ^u ! conte/s ( free1 intellectual aspirations ) a zeal mo/ly abs5t 9 ^? ^: position is already secur$ by bir?4 ,at ,c\rt1 no d\bt1 ! feudal ari/ocracy 7 yet p[]ful inde$4 ,!y c\ld approa* _! sov]eign accord+ to _! pleasure2 influ5ce him2 & procure1 by artful intrigue1 positions ( dignity & useful pref]m5ts = !mselves & _! fav\rites4 ,aga9/ ^! abuses ! writt5 ^w1 multipli$ a ?\s&fold1 0 a new weapon4 ,:oev] c\ld h&le x prop]ly1 ga9$ ! e/eem ( 8 fell[-m52 & a means 0 at 8 disposal = e>n+ a livelihood1 h[ev] scanty4 ,t[>ds ! middle & ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury !re 7 _m /ud5ts & s*ol>s possess+ a great deal ( erudition1 b v little means ( subsi/5ce4 ,nor 7 _! prospects v enc\rag+4 ,!y fir/ w5t ?r\gh t bitt] exp]i5ce1 :i*1 s9ce !n1 s _m h made aft] !m--t :oev] seeks a home 9 ! realm ( intellect runs ! risk ( los+ ! solid gr\nd on :i* ! fruits = ma9ta9+ human life gr[4 ,! eye direct$ t[>ds ! ,p>nassus is n ! mo/ apt to spy out ! small tortu\s pa?s ( daily ga94 ,to get quick returns ( int]e/1 ev5 ?\gh x be small1 f ! capital ( k & le>n+1 has always be51 & /ill is1 a "q ( difficult solution4 ,^! "y s*ol>s1 gr[n to manhood 9 ! ,halls ( ,wisdom1 7 unable1 & ev5 unwill+1 to return to simple indu/rial pursuits1 or to ! crafty tactics ( comm]ce4 ,ali5at$ f practical activity1 & too %y to take "p 9 ! h>d] /ruggles ( life1 _m ( !m r cont5t$ !mselves ) a cru/ ( bread1 9 ord] to cont9ue enjoy+ ! 'da9ties ( a book4' ,! manli] & bold] among !m1 dissatisfi$ ) ! prospect ( su* poor f>e1 look$ r\nd & saw1 9 ! h&s ( incapables1 fat liv+s & lucrative emolum5ts to :i* !y1 on acc\nt ( _! sup]ior culture1 believ$ !y _h a bett] claim4 ,!re 7 yet _m ,/ate in/itutions :i* by no means correspond$ to ! ideal ga!r$ f ,platon1 ,cic]o1 & o!r writ]s ( antiquity4 ,m5 began express+ ^! feel+s ( dissatisfaction 9 ballads & pamphlets4 ,ev5 z ! _m home & =eign products ( indu/ry 7 di/ribut$ by comm]ce1 s x 0 also ! case ) ^! new products ( ! intellectual work%op1 :i* 7 c>ri$ to ! mo/ di/ant p>ts ( ! l&4 ,at ! side ( 8 o!r w>es1 ! p$l>1 eag] = pr(it1 (f]$ ! new & mu*-desir$ a*ievem5ts ( ! ,muse to ! dwell]s 9 ! smalle/ village1 9 ! lonelie/ f>m4 ,moreov]1 ! cunn+ /ation]s _h _! own m51 to :om !y l5t 'a doss5 groates wor? ( ballads4' ,if ^! huck/]s--z ,h5ry ,*ettle relates--prov$ ?rifty1 !y 7 advanc$ to ! position ( 'prety 7petty7 *apman1' 'able to spr$ m pamphlets by ! ,/ate =bidd51 !n all ! bookesell]s 9 ,london2 = only 9 ?is ,citie is /raight se>*1 abroad smale suspition1 especially ( su* petty p$l>s4' #b ,*ettle speaks /rongly aga9/ ^! 'intrud]s 9 ! pr9t+s miss]ie1 by :ome t excel5t ,art is n smally sl&]$1 ! gov]nm5t ( ! ,/ate n a little blemi%$1 nor ,religion 9 ! lea/ measure h9dr$4' ,besides ! pr(it to be d]iv$ f ! ,press by ! malcont5t travell+ s*ol>s1 !re 0 yet ano!r way ( acquir+ ! means ( su/5ance & ( mak+ use ( m5tal culture2 & 9 x !re exi/$ ! fur!r advantage ( indep5d5ce f grumbl+ publi%]s4 ,?is 0 ! ,/age4 ,= x no great prep>ations 7 necess>y1 nor 0 any capital requir$4 ,a few *airs1 "s bo>ds2 9 e b>n !re 0 room4 ,:]ev] "o man 0 f\nd :o c\ld read1 !re 7 t5 eag] to li/54 ,a mo/ *>act]i/ic drama1 ',! ,return f ,p>nassus1' depicts "s poor s*ol>s :o turn away f pitiless ,cambridge1 ( :i* "o ( !m says-- ,= _h n ,cambridge be5 to me unk9d1 ,i _h n turn'd to gall a milky m9d4 #c ,aft] hav+ long s9ce complet$ _! /udies1 !y g to ,london to seek = ! mo/ mode/ livelihood4 ,bitt] exp]i5ce _h taught ^! disciples ( le>n+ t ! employm5t = :i* !y wait$ c\ld only be ga9$ by brib]y2 & bribe !y c]ta9ly c\ld n1 ow+ to _! want ( means4 ,"s ( !m already %[ a true ,w]!r-l ye>n+ = solitude3-- ,we w be gone unto ! d[ns ( ,k5t4444 ,,/udioso4 ,s %all we %un ! company ( m51 ,t gr[s m hateful z ! _w gr[s old4 ,we'll tea* ! murm'r+ brooks 9 te>s to fl[1 ,& sleepy rocks to wail our pass$ woe4 #d ,ano!r utt]s s5tim5ts ( grief1 com+ ne> ! words ( despair ( ,fau/4 ,!re is a tone 9 !m ( :at ! ,g]mans call ,welts*m]z3-- ,curs'd be our ?\ghts1 :5e'er !y dream ( hope1 ,bann'd be ^? haps t h5ce=? flatt] u1 ,:5 mis*ief dogs u /ill & /ill = aye1 ,f our fir/ bir? until our bury+ day4 #e ,9 ! difficult *oice ( a call+ :i* is to save !m f ne$ & mis]y1 ^! begg>-/ud5ts also ?9k ( ! /age3-- ,& mu/ ! base/ trade yield u relief8 ,s ,philomusus1 9 a woebegone tone1 asks 8 comrade ,/udioso2 & ! latt] looks ) ! foll[+ envi\s words ^u ! play]s ^: prospects mu/ h be5 bright] & m entic+ ?an ^? ( ! le>n$ poor s*ol>s3-- ,engl& af=ds ^? glori\s vagabonds1 ,t c>ri$ er/ _! f>dles on _! backs1 ,c\rs]s to ride on ?r\gh ! gaz+ /reets1 ,sweep+ x 9 _! gl>+ sat9 suits1 ,& pages to att5d _! ma/]%ips3 ,) m\?+ words t bett] wits h fram$1 ,!y pur*ase l&s1 & n[ esquires are made4 #f ,%aksp]e1 z well z ,alleyn1 b\ght l& ) ! money e>n$ by _! art4 ,= _m1 ! /age 0 ! port ( refuge to :i* !y fl$ f ! lonely habitations ( erudition1 :]e !y-- 444 sit n[ immur'd )9 _! private cells1 ,dr9k+ a long lank wat*+ c&le's smoke1 ,sp5d+ ! m>r[ ( _! fl['r+ age ,9 fruitless por+ on "s worm-eat leaf4 #g ,_m ( ^! begg> /ud5ts s\ght a livelihood by jo9+ ! play]s4 ,t :i* ! poor s*ol> _h read & le>nt 9 books old & new2 all t he _h he>d f bold1 adv5tur\s w>riors & seam5 return+ f =eign l&s or rec5tly discov]$ isl&s2 9 %ort1 ev]y?+ calculat$ to awak5 int]e/ & applause among ! great mass1 0 ) fev]i% ha/e put on ! /age1 &1 9 ord] to r5d] x m palatable1 mix$ ) a goodly dose ( broad hum\r4 ,! same irreconcilable _s ( ! ,re=mation1 :i* w\ld n tol]ate any sa9t's image 9 ! places ( wor%ip1 also de/roy$ ! lik+ = ,miracle ,plays4 ,! t5d5cy ( ! "t 0 to turn away f my/]ies & ab/ract notions1 & to draw 9 art & poetry ne>] to real life4 ,:]e =m]ly ',miracles & ,moralities' 7 ! delight ( m51 & ,biblical utt]ances1 put 9 ! m\? ( prophets & sa9ts1 s]v$ to edify ! audi5ce1 !re ! wordy w>f>e & ! fi/icuffs ex*ang$ betwe5 ! ,m5dicant ,fri> & ! ,sell] ( ,indulg5ces #h or ,p>don]1 ^: pr(ane do+s 7 satiris$ on ! /age1 became n[ ! subject ( popul> enjoym5t & laught]4 ,e "q ( ! day 0 boldly h&l$1 & put 9 /rong language1 easily und]/ood by ! _m1 be=e a grateful public ( simple ta/e4 ,! drama1 ?us creat$ anew1 soon became ! mo/ popul> amusem5t 9 ! :ole c\ntry4 ,e o!r sport 0 =gott5 ov] x4 ,9 e m>ket t[n1 9 e b>n1 a cr[d ( actors met4 ,9 ^? days no philosophical hair-splitt+ 0 9 vogue on ! bo>ds4 ,ev]y?+ 0 drawn f real life2 a brea? ( fre$om p]vad$ all ?is exub]ant g5iality4 ,t :i* a man felt to-day1 tomorr[ he 0 able to communicate to 8 public4 ,! spok5 ^w 0 fre] ?an ! pr9t$ "o4 ,! latt] _h to pass a k9d ( c5sor%ip2 ! au?or & ! publi%] c\ld be asc]ta9$1 & be made responsible4 ,b :o w\ld be s sev]e aga9/ an extemporis$ satirical hit1 utt]$ p]haps by a cl[n8 ,:o w\ld1 = t sake1 be ! d5\nc+ traitor8 ,yet x mu/ n be ?\ght t poets & play]s c\ld d exactly z !y li/$4 ,!y1 too1 _h _! enemies4 ,m especially1 ! au/]e ,puritans 7 _! bitt] foes2 !y nev] ceas$ br++ _! influ5ce to be> ^u highly-plac$ p]sons1 9 ord] to *eck ! d>+ & =w>d do+s ( ! /age1 ^: lib]ty !y on e occasion wi%$ to see curtail$1 & its excesses visit$ by puni%m5t4 ,! ord9>y play]s1 if !y did n possess lic5ces f at lea/ two ju/ices ( ! peace1 might be prosecut$1 9 accordance ) an old law1 z 'rogues & vagabonds1' & subject$ to v h>d s5t5ces4 ,x 0 n s easy to proce$ aga9/ ! bett] class ( actors1 :o1 ) a view ( escap+ f ! *ican]y :i* _! call+ r5d]$ !m liable to1 _h plac$ !mselves "u ! protection ( ! fir/ noblem51 call+ !mselves _! 's]vants4' ,an ord9ance ( ! ,privy ,c\ncil 0 requir$ 9 ord] to br+ actors :o 7 ?us protect$1 be=e a c\rt ( ju/ice4 ,nev]!less1 ^! re/less p got into incessant conflicts ) ! au?orities4 ,actors w\ld n all[ !mselves to be depriv$ ( ! "r ( say+ a ^w on matt]s ( ! ,/ate & ! ,*ur*2 & :at did occupy m5's m9ds m ?an ! victory ( ! ,re=mation8 ,already1 9 ! ye> #aeej1 ,c>d9al ,wolsey felt b\nd to ca/ an au?or1 ,roo1 #i & 'a fell[-play]1 a "y g5tleman1' into prison1 because !y _h put a piece on ! /age1 ! aim ( :i* 0 to %[ t ',"l ,gov]naunce 7,gov]nm5t7 0 rul$ by ,dissipation & ,neglig5ce1 by ^: misgov]nm5t & evil ord] ,lady ,public-,weal 0 put f ,gov]naunce2 :i* caus$ ,rumor-populi1 ,inw>d ,grudge1 & ,disda9 ( ,wanton ,sov]eigntie to rise ) a great multitude to expel ,neglig5ce & ,dissipation1 & to re/ore ,publike-weal aga9 to h] e/ate--:i* 0 s done4' ,! reproa*es made to ! bi%ops ab\t ! ye> #aedd prove1 t ! /age _h already long ago boldly v5tur$ ^u ! t]ritory ( religion1 9 ord] to imbue ! masses ) anti-ecclesia/ical t5d5cies4 ,9 ?is connection ! foll[+ words ( an actor1 address$ to ! cl]ics1 are mo/ significant4 ',none1' he says1 'leave ye unvex$ & untr\bl$2 no1 n s mu* z ! poor m9/rels & play]s ( int]ludes4 ,s long z !y play$ lies & sang bawdy songs1 blasphem+ ,god1 & corrupt+ m5's consci5ces1 ye nev] blam$ !m1 b 7 v well cont5t$2 b s9ce !y p]suad$ ! p to wor%ip ! ,"l aright1 accord+ to ,8 holy laws & n y\rs1 ye nev] 7 pleas$ ) !m4' #aj ,! fir/ ,act ( ,p>liam5t = '! contr\l & regulation ( /ages & dramatic repres5tations' 0 pass$ 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 7#aedc74 ,its title is1 ',an ,act = ! ,advancem5t ( ,true ,religion & ! ,puni%m5t ( ! ,contr>y4' ,9 #aeeb ,edw>d ,,vi4 issu$ a fur!r proclamation bo? 9 reg>d to ! /age & ! sell]s ( pr9ts & books2 ?is "t ma9ly f political reasons4 ,:il/ poets & play]s "u ,h5ry ,,viii4 & 8 y\?ful successor c\ld br+ out1 )\t h9drance1 t :i* promot$ _! ideas ( 'true religion1' !y ran great risk1 9 ! reign ( ,que5 ,m>y1 ) any ,prote/ant t5d5cies2 =1 sc>cely _h ?is sev]e que5 be5 a mon? on ! ?rone ?an %e issu$ an ord9ance 7,augu/ #af1 #aeec7 =bidd+ su* dramas & int]ludes z 7 calculat$ to spread ! pr9ciples & doctr9es ( ! ,re=mation4 ,"u ?is sov]eign1 spectacles fur!r+ ! ,roman ,ca?olic cause 7 ( c\rse fav\r$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x may be assum$ t1 dur+ ! long & popul> reign ( ,que5 ,elizabe?1 ,prote/ant t5d5cies on ! /age (t5 pass$ ! c5sor%ip1 al?\gh f ! fir/ ye>s ( h] gov]nm5t !re is an ,act prohibit+ any drama 9 :i* ,/ate & ,*ur* affairs 7 treat$1 'be+ no meete matt]s to be writt5 or treat$ ^u b by m5 ( au?oritie1 nor to be h&l$ be=e any audi5ce1 b ( grave & discreete p]sons4' ,h[ev]1 l all previ\s ord9ances1 proclamations1 & ,acts ( ,p>liam5t1 ?is "o also rema9$ )\t effect4 ,! dramati/s & ! disciples ( ! mimic art cont9u$ busy+ !mselves1 9 _! cu/om>y bold mann]1 ) t :i* awak5$ ! greate/ int]e/ among ! public at l>ge2 & "o w\ld ?9k t at a c]ta9 "t !y _h become a little p[] 9 ! ,/ate1 aga9/ :i* x 0 no long] possible to proce$ 9 arbitr>y fa%ion1 b :i*1 on ! contr>y1 _h to be reckon$ )4 ,only su* measures1 x appe>s1 7 aft]w>ds pass$ :i* 7 calculat$ to h>monise ! religi\s views utt]$ on ! /age ) ! t5ets ( ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur*4 ,?is foll[s f a lett] ( ,"l ,burleigh1 address$1 9 #aehi1 to ! ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 9 :i* he reque/s him to appo9t '"s fytt p]son well le>n$ 9 div9itie4' ,! latt]1 toge!r ) ! ,ma/] ( ! ,revels & a p]son *os5 by ! ,"l ,mayor ( ! ,city ( ,london1 7 to =m a k9d ( ,commission1 :i* _h to exam9e all pieces t 7 to be publicly act$1 & to give _! approval4 ,x w\ld be an error to believe t ?is ?reefold c5sor%ip _h any great] success ?an ! =m] measures4 ,! contr>y 0 ! case2 matt]s r became worse4 ,actors 7 imprison$2 :]eupon !y drew up beautiful petitions to _! augu/ protectors :o br\ght ab\t _! deliv]ance--t is1 until !y 7 once m clapp$ into prison4 ,!n !y 7 ?reat5$ ) hav+ _! e>s & noses cut (f2 #aa b /ill !y w\ld n hold _! tongues4 ,we "k f a lett] ( ! ,fr5* ambassador 7#afjf7--:o himself _h sev]al times to ask at ! ,c\rt ( ,james ,i4 = ! prohibition ( pieces 9 :i* ! ,que5 ( ,france & ,mademoiselle ,v]neuil1 z well z ! ,duke ( ,biron1 7 sev]ely h&l$--t ! bold exp\nd]s ( ! dramatic art d>$ to br+ _! own k+ on ! /age4 ,^u ?is !re came an ord9ance =bidd+ all fur!r !atrical repres5tations 9 ,london4 ,9 ! words ( ! ,fr5* ambassador3--',i caus$ c]ta9 play]s to be =bid f act+ ! hi/ory ( ! ,duke ( ,biron4 ,:51 h[ev]1 !y saw t ! :ole ,c\rt _h left ! t[n1 !y p]si/$ 9 act+ x2 nay1 !y br\ght ^u ! /age ! ,que5 ( ,france & ,mademoiselle de ,v]neuil4444 ,he 7! ,k+7 has ^u ?is made ord] t no play %all h5ce=? be act$ 9 ,london2 = ! repeal ( :i* ord] !y 7! play]s7 h (f]$ #ajj1jjj livres4 ,p]haps ! p]mission w be aga9 grant$1 b ^u condition t !y repres5t no rec5t hi/ory1 nor speak ( ! pres5t "t4' #ab ,f ?is sum--a v l>ge "o at t "t--! importance ( ! !atre ( ^? days may be ga!r$4 ,! ,corporation ( ! ,city ( ,london 0 among ^? mo/ ho/ile to all !atrical repres5tations4 ,x ex]t$ itself to ! utmo/ 9 ord] to r5d] !m impossible 9 ! c5tre ( ! capital2 issu+1 ) t object1 ! mo/ :imsical decrees4 ,try+1 on _! "p1 to escape f ! despotic re/rictions1 ! v>i\s play]s' companies settl$ d[n beyond ! b\nd>y ( ! ,"l ,mayor's jurisdiction4 ,! citiz5s ( ,london1 wi%+ to h _! %>e ( an amusem5t :i* _h become a national "o1 eag]ly flock$ to ,bankside1 to ,blackfri>s1 to ,%or$it*1 or across gre5 fields to ! m di/ant ,new+ton ,butts4 ,comp>atively speak+1 v little has come d[n to u f ! hey-day ( ! ,engli% drama4 ,t :i* we possess is b an exce$+ly small portion ( ! productions ( t epo*4 ,h5sl[e's ',di>y' tells u t a s+le !atre 7,new+ton ,butts7 9 ab\t two ye>s 7,june #c1 #aeid1 to ,july #ah1 #aeif7 br\ght out n less ?an =ty new pieces2 & ,london1 at t "t1 _h already m ?an a doz5 play-h\ses4 ,! dramas h&$ d[n to u are mo/ly purg$ ( ^? passages :i* ?reat5$ to give (f5ce 9 pr9t4 ,! dramati/s did n mean to write books4 ,:5 !y w5t to ! press at all1 !y (t5 excus$ !mselves t 'sc5es inv5t$ m]ely to be spok51 %\ld be in=cibly publi%$ to be read4' ,!y 7 well aw>e t ?is c\ld n af=d to ! read] ! same pleasure he felt ':5 x 0 pres5t$ ) ! s\le ( liv+ action4' #ac ,! /age 0 ! =um ( ! p1 on :i* ev]y?+ 0 express$ t creat$ int]e/ amid/ a great nation ris+ to new life4 ,! pa? t[>ds political fre$om ( spee* 0 n yet op5$ 9 ,p>liam5t2 & ( our important safety-valve ( to-day1 ! public press1 !re 0 yet only ! fir/ ve/ige1 9 ! %ape ( pamphlets secretly hawk$ ab\t4 ,! /age z rapidly decay$ z x _h gr[n1 :5 ! *ief int]e/ on :i* x _h ?riv5 = a :ile--namely1 ! repres5tation ( affairs ( public int]e/--obta9$ m practical expression 9 o!r sph]es4 ,9 ! meantime1 h[ev]1 x rema9$ ! plat=m on :i* ev]y?+ c\ld be subject$ to ! criticism & jurisdiction ( public op9ion4 ,9 ,*ettle's ',k9d-,h>te's ,dreame' 7#aeib7 ! proprietor ( a h\se ( evil fame concludes 8 spee* ) reproa*es aga9/ actors on acc\nt ( _! spoil+ 8 trade2 '= no soon] h we a tricke ( deceipt1 b !y make x common1 s++ jigs1 & mak+ jea/s ( u1 t ev]ie boy c po9t out our h\ses z !y passe by4' ,aga91 9 ,b5 ,jonson's ',poeta/]1' we read t 'y\r c\rti] _c kiss 8 mi/ress's slipp]s 9 quiet = !m2 nor y\r :ite innoc5t gallant pawn 8 revell+ suit to make 8 punk a supp]2' or t 'an hone/1 decay$ comm&] _c skeld]1 *eat1 nor be se5 9 a bawdy h\se1 b he %all be /raight 9 "o ( _! wormwood com$ies4' #ad ,n less boldly ?an social affairs 7 political matt]s treat$2 b 9 ord] to avoid a prosecution1 ^! que/ions _h to be cauti\sly approa*$ 9 p>able fa%ion4 ,nev] 0 great] clev]ness %[n 9 ?is respect ?an at ,%aksp]e's "t4 ,e poet1 e /atesman1 or o!rwise highly-plac$ p]son1 0 'heckl$' "u an allegorical "n--a circum/ance :i* at pres5t makes x r difficult = u to fully fa?om ! mean+ ( c]ta9 dramatic productions4 ,9 ord] to attract ! cr[d1 ! /age-poets _h to pres5t _! di%es ) ! condim5ts ( actual life2 ?us /udy+ m ! ta/e ( ! gue/s ?an %[+ t ( ! cook4 ,prologues & ,epilogues always appeal$ m to ! public at l>ge z ! highe/ judge2 its v]dict alone 0 held to be ! decisive "o4 ,manuscripts--! prop]ty ( companies ^: int]e/ x 0 n to make !m g5]ally kn[n 9 pr9t--7 cont9ually alt]$ accord+ to circum/ances4 ,guid$ by ! impressions ( ! public1 au?ors /ruck out :at _h be5 badly receiv$2 :il/ passages t _h e>n$ applause1 rema9$ z ! enc\rag+ & decid+ factor = ! future4 ,at "o "t dramas 7 writt5 almo/ ) ! same rapidity z lead+ articles are to-day4 ,ev5 z our j\rnali/s d 9 ! press1 s ! dramati/s ( t p]iod c>ri$ on _! debates ab\t c]ta9 que/ions ( ! day on ! /age4 ,9 language ! mo/ passionate1 au?ors fell ^u ea* o!r--a practice = :i* we h to ?ank !m1 9 s f> z we !reby ga9 matt]-(-fact po9ts = a correct und]/&+ ( ',hamlet4' ,9 ! la/ b "o dec5nium ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 ! fir/ dramati/s arose :o pursu$ fix$ lit]>y t5d5cies4 ,(t5 _! compositions are m]e ex]cises ( /yle aft] ,greek or ,roman models :i* nev] became popul> on ! ,?ames4 ,! ta/e ( ! ,engli% p does n be> ) /range exotic mann]s = any l5g? ( "t4 ,x is lo/ lab\r to plant palm-trees :]e oaks only c ?rive4 ,lily & o!rs endeav\r$ to ga9 ! applause ( ! mass by words ( f9ely-di/ill$ fragrance1 to :i* no co>se gra91 no brea? or ! native atmosph]e clung4 ,a fruitless beg9n+1 z little de/9$ to succe$ z ! ex]tions ( ^? :o tri$ to %9e by p$antic le>n+ & holl[ glitt]+ words4 ,m>l[e's p[]ful imag9ation attempts m>%all+ ! :ole _w1 9 8 boo? ( !atrical bo>ds1 aft] ! rhy?m ( drumm+ decasyllabon & bragg+ blank-v]se4 ,9 8 dramas1 great conqu]ors pass ! fronti]s ( k+doms ) ! same ease ) :i* "o /eps ov] ! bord] ( a c>pet4 ,! p's fancy will+ly foll[s ! bold poet4 ,9 ! %ort space ( ?ree h\rs he makes 8 ',fau/' #ae live ?r\gh f\r-&-tw5ty ye>s1 9 ord] 'to conqu]1 ) sweet pleasure1 despair4' ,! e>? becomes too small = ?is dramati/4 ,heav5 & ,hell1 ,god & ! ,devil1 h to respond to 8 inquiries4 ,l "s ( 8 colleagues1 ,m>l[e is a sceptic3 he calls ,moses a 'conjur] & s$uc] ( ! p1' & boa/s t1 if he 7 to try1 he w\ld succe$ 9 e/abli%+ a bett] religion ?an ! "o he sees ar\nd himself4 ,! apo/le ( ^! high ?\ghts1 n yet ?irty ye>s old1 brea!d 8 la/1 9 consequ5ce ( a duel 9 a h\se ( evil repute4 ,ano!r hopeful disciple ( lyric & dramatic poetry & prose-writ]1 ,rob]t ,gre5e1 once full ( simil> free-?9k+ ideas1 lay on 8 dea?b$ at ! age ( ?irty-two1 aft] a life ( dissipation4 ,!nce he writes to 8 =sak5 wife3-- ',all my wrongs mu/] !mselves ab\t me2 e evill at once plagues me4 ,= my contempt ( ,god1 ,i am contemn$ ( m52 = my swe>+ & =swe>+1 no man w believe me2 = my gluttony1 ,i suff] hung]2 = my drunk5esse1 ?ir/2 = my adult]ie1 ulc]\s sores4 ,?us ,god has ca/ me d[ne1 t ,i might be humbl$2 & puni%$ me1 = examples ( o!rs' s9ne4' ,gre5e (f]s 8 own wret*$ end to 8 colleagues z a w>n+ example2 admoni%+ !m to employ _! 'r>e wits 9 m pr(itable c\rses2' to look rep5t+ly on ! pa/2 to leave (f pr(ane practices1 & n 'to sp5d _! wits 9 mak+ plaies4' ,he especially w>ns !m aga9/ actors--because ^!1 x seems1 _h giv5 him up4 ,8 rancor\s spite aga9/ !m he expresses 9 ! well-kn[n words3--',yes1 tru/ !m n3 = !re is an up/>t ,cr[1 beautifi$ ) our fea!rs1 t ) 8 ,tyg]s he>t wrapt 9 a ,play]s hide1 supposes he is z well able to bumba/ out a blank v]se z ! be/ ( y2 & be+ an absolute ,johannes ,fac-totum1 is 9 8 owne conceit ! onely ',,%ake-,,sc5e 9 a c\ntrie4' ,?is satirical po9t1 direct$1 )\t d\bt1 aga9/ ,%aksp]e1 is ! only ?+ reliable :i*1 d[n to ! ye> #aeib1 we "k ( 8 dramatic activity4 ,he _h !n be5 only ab\t f\r ye>s 9 ,london4 ,yet he mu/ already h wield$ consid]able au?ority1 see+ t he is publicly1 ?\gh ) sne]+ arrogance1 call$ a complete ,johannes ,fac-totum--a man :o has laid himself out 9 e direction4 ,x is ! div9e mission ( a g5ius to br+ ord] out ( *aos1 to regulate matt]s ) ! direct+ =ce ( 8 sup]ior glance4 ,c]ta9ly1 ,%aksp]e1 f ! v beg9n+ ( 8 activity1 s\ght1 ) all ! en]gy ( 8 p[]1 to rule out all ignoble1 an>*ical elem5ts f ! /age1 & ?us to obta9 = x ! sympa?ies ( ! be/ ( 8 "t4 ,fate s will$ x1 t "o ( ! greate/ m9ds :i* ,heav5 ev] gave to mank9d1 ent]$1 on ?is occasion1 ! mode/ door ( a playh\se1 z if ,provid5ce _h int5d$ %[+ t a g5]\s activity c effect noble results ev]y:]e1 & t ! mo/ despis$ call+ 7su*1 /ill1 0 t ( ! actors !n7 c produce mo/ excell5t fruits4 ,%aksp]e's life is a b5eficial h>mony betwe5 w & de$2 no attempt to draw d[n ,heav5 to ,e>?1 or to raise up ,e>? to ,heav54 ,8 are r ! ways & mann]s peculi> to a p :i* likes to adapt itself to giv5 circum/ances1 to make use ( ! exi/+ practical good1 9 ord] to produce f x t :i* is bett]4 ,x is an asc]ta9$ fact t ,%aksp]e1 :o _h receiv$ "s tra9+ at s*ool--b no ,univ]sity education--began1 at ! age ( tw5ty-f\r1 to arrange ! pieces ( o!r writ]s1 to make mode/ additions to !m2 9 %ort1 to r5d] !m fit & prop] = /age purposes4 ,?is may h be5 "o ( ! causes :y ,gre5e dubb$ him a ',johannes ,fac-totum4' ,o!rs1 too1 h accus$ him1 dur+ 8 lifetime1 ( 'application' 7plagi>ism71 because he took 8 subjects mo/ly f o!r au?ors4 ,among ^? :o s *>g$ him1 71 z we %all %[1 m especially ,b5 ,jonson & ,m>/on4 ,%aksp]e nev] all[$ himself to be induc$ by ^! reproa*es to *ange 8 mode ( work+4 ,d[n to 8 dea? x rema9$ ! same4 ,is 8 m]it1 on t acc\nt1 a less] "o8 ,c]ta9ly n3 9 ! ,poetical ,art1 9 ! ,realm ( ,feel+ & ,?\ght1 !re are no regul> b\nd>y-/ones4 ,no au?or has ! "r to say3 ',?\ mu/ n /ep into ! circle drawn by me2 ?\ ha/ to d ?y "w :olly outside ( x6' ,an au?or :o s expresses an idea1 or s describes a situation z to fix x mo/ p[]fully 9 m5's imag9ation1 is to be look$ ^u z ! true own] or creator ( ! image3 to him belongs ! cr[n4 ,! ,greeks reckon$ x to be ! highe/ m]it ( ! ma/]s ( _! pla/ic art :5 !y reta9$ ! great traits ) :i* _! pr$ecessors _h inve/$ a conception2 only endeav\r+ to bett] ^? p>ts 9 :i* a less] success _h be5 a*iev$--until t section ( ! "w1 too1 _h atta9$ ! highe/ degree ( p]fection4 ,?us arose ! ,jupit] ( ,pheidias1 a ,v5us ( ,milo1 an ,apollo ( ,belv$]e4 ,?us ! noble/ ideal ( beauty z creat$1 & 9 ?is wise ! ,greek national epic became ! model ( all k9dr$ poetry4 ,!re is a mo/ *>act]i/ic fact :i* %[s h[ greatly ! drama _h ris5 9 univ]sal e/eem aft] ,%aksp]e _h devot$ to x twelve ye>s ( 8 life4 ,x is ?is4 ,! ,corporation ( ! ,city ( ,london1 once s ho/ile to all !atrical repres5tations1 & :i* _h us$ e possible *ican]y aga9/ ! /age1 _h become s fri5dly to x t[>ds ! ye> #afjj1 t1 :5 x 0 ask$ f gov]nm5tal qu>t]s to en=ce a c]ta9 decree :i* _h be5 laun*$ aga9/ ! !atre1 x refus$ to comply ) ! reque/4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! ,"l ,mayor1 z well z ! o!r magi/rates1 held x to be an inju/ice t[>ds ! actors t ! ,privy ,c\ncil gave a he>+ to ! *>ges br\ght =w>d by ! ,puritans4 ,truly1 ! feel+s ( ?is cons]vative ,corporation1 z well ( a l>ge numb] ( ^? :o once look$ d[n ^u ! /age ) ! greate/ contempt1 mu/1 9 ! mean:ile1 h und]gone a great *ange4 ,unque/ionably ! ,company ( ! ,"l ,*amb]la9--:i* 9 summ] gave its ma/]ly repres5tations 9 ! ,globe ,!atre1 beyond ! ,?ames1 & 9 w9t] 9 ,black-,fri>s--_h be5 ! *ief ag5cy 9 work+ t *ange4 ,! fir/ noblem51 ! ,que5 h]self1 greatly enjoy$ ! pieces :i* ,%aksp]e1 9 fact1 wrote = t society2 b ! public at l>ge 7 n less delight$ ) !m4 ,:51 ! day aft] su* a repres5tation1 conv]sation arose 9 ! family circle z to ! ?ree happy h\rs pass$ 9 ! !atre1 an opportunity 0 giv5 = discuss+ ! mo/ important ev5ts ( ! pa/ & ! pres5t4 ,! p's hi/ory _h n yet be5 writt5 !n4 ,solit>y ev5ts only _h be5 loosely m>k$ d[n 9 dry folios4 ,! /age n[ br\ght tell+ hi/orical facts 9 vivid col\rs be=e ! eye4 ,! p[]ful spee*es ( high & mighty lords1 ( le>n$ bi%ops1 & ( k+s 7 he>d--( exalt$ p]sons1 all diff]5t 9 "*1 b all mov$1 l o!r mortals1 by v>i\s passions1 & driv5 by a s]ies ( circum/ances to def9ite actions4 ,x 0 felt t !y1 too1 7 subject to a c]ta9 _s ( ! "t1 ! t5d5cy ( :i*1 if ! poet 0 att5tively li/5$ to1 c\ld be pla9ly ga!r$4 ,9 ?is way conclusions might be drawn :i* %$ light ev5 ^u ! ev5ts ( ! pres5t4 ,true1 x 0 =bidd5 to br+ que/ions ( ! ,/ate & ( religion ^u ! /age4 ,b has ,%aksp]e really avoid$ treat+ ^u !m8 ,ri*>d ,simpson has successfully %[n t ,%aksp]e1 9 8 hi/orical plays1 c>ri$ on a political discussion easily und]/ood by 8 contempor>ies4 #af ,! maxims ?us enunciat$ by ! poet h be5 asc]ta9$ by t p5etrat+ critic 9 su* a mann] t ! results obta9$ c sc>cely be subject$ to d\bt any m4 ,on comp>+ ! old] plays & *ronicles ( :i* ! poet made use = 8 hi/orical dramas1 ) ! creations t arose on ?is basis "u 8 p[]ful h&1 "o sees t he suppresses c]ta9 t5d5cies ( ! subject-matt] be=e him1 plac+ o!rs 9 _! /ead4 ,tak+ fully into acc\nt all ! arti/ic te*nicalities calculat$ to produce a /rong dramatic effect1 we /ill f9d t he has evid5tly made a numb] ( *anges ) ! cle> & mo/ p]si/5t int5tion ( t\*+ ^u political que/ions ( 8 "t4 ,if1 = in/ance1 ,%aksp]e's ',k+ ,john' is comp>$ ) ! old play1 ',! ,tr\blesome ,raigne1' & ) ! *ronicles f :i* 7b m especially f ! =m] piece7 ! poet has drawn ! plan ( 8 dramatic action1 x w be se5 t v def9ite political t5d5cies ( :at he _h be=e him 7 suppress$4 ,new ones are put 9 _! place4 ,%aksp]e makes 8 ',k+ ,john' g ?r\gh two diff]5t1 :olly unhi/orical /ruggles3 "o aga9/ a foe at home1 :o conte/s ! ,k+'s legitimate "r2 ! o!r aga9/ ,romani/s :o ?9k x a sacr$ duty to ov]?r[ ! h]etic4 ,^! 7 n ! feuds ) :i* ! ,k+ ,john ( hi/ory _h to cont5d4 ,b ! daught] f ! unhappy m>riage ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 & ! fai?less ,anne ,boleyn--,que5 ,elizabe?--_h1 dur+ h] :ole lifetime1 to cont5d aga9/ rebels :o held ,m>y ,/u>t to be ! legitimate successor2 & x 0 ,que5 ,elizabe? :o _h always to rema9 arm$ aga9/ a conf$]acy ( enemies :o1 enc\rag$ by ! ,pope1 made w> ^u ! 'h]etic' on ! ?rone ( ,engl&4 ,?us1 9 ! ,globe ,!atre1 que/ions ( ! ,/ate 7 discuss$2 & politics _h _! di/9ct place !re4 ,yet :o w\ld en=ce ! rules ( c5sor%ip ^u su* language z ?is3-- ,?is ,engl& nev] did1 & nev] %all1 ,lie at ! pr\d feet ( a ,conqu]or ,b :5 x fir/ did help to w\nd itself4 444 ,n\ght %all make u rue ,if ,engl& to h]self d re/ b true8 ,su* ?\ghts 7 n tak5 f any old *ronicle1 b came f ! v s\l ( ! age t _h ga9$ ! great victory ov] ! ,armada4 ,!y emphasiz$ a newly-acquir$ indep5d5t position1 :i* c\ld only be ma9ta9$ by unit$ /r5g? aga9/ a =eign foe4 ,ev5 z ',k+ ,john1' s all ! o!r hi/orical plays conta9 a cle>ly provable political t5d5cy4 ,n ev]y?+ done by ! great que5 met ) applause among ! p4 ,dissatisfaction 0 felt at ! prom95ce ( p]sonal fav\rites1 :o made mu* abuse ( comm]cial monopolies grant$ to !m4 ,! burd5s ( taxation _h become heavi] ?an 9 =m] times4 ,9 ',ri*>d ! ,second' a k+ is produc$1 :o by 8 misgov]nm5t & by 8 ma9t5ance ( selfi% fav\rites loses 8 cr[n4 ,%aksp]e's sympa?ies are ) a pr9ce :om ,nature has =m$ into a /rong rul]2 & su* an ari/ocrat ( ! intellect is depict$ 9 8 ',h5ry ! ,fif?4' ,9 ?is ideal ( a k+1 all ! good national qualities atta9 _! apo!osis4 ,?is h]o comb9es /r5g? ( "* ) ju/ice & brav]y4 ,) great sev]ity he exam9es 8 own consci5ce be=e proce$+ to any action1 h[ev] small4 ,w> he makes ) all possible humanity1 & only = ! fur!rance ( civilisation4 ,no?+ is m hat$ by ,%aksp]e ?an a gov]nm5t ( weak h&s4 ,f su* an un=tunate cause came ! ,w>s ( ! ,two ,roses4 ,x seems t1 9 ord] to br+ ?is fact home to ! und]/&+ ( ! p1 ,%aksp]e put ! sangu9>y /ruggles betwe5 ! ,h\ses ( ,york & ,lanca/] on ! /age4 7,see ,epilogue ( ',k+ ,h5ry ! ,fif?4'7 ,m /rongly ev5 ?an 9 8 plays ref]r+ to ,engli% hi/ory1 ! deep av]sion he felt to divid$ dom9ion pi]ces ?r\gh 8 ,roman trag$ies2 = 9 ,%aksp]e ! ari/ocratic ve9 0 n less develop$ ?an 9 ,goe!4 ,to him1 too1 ! multitude-- 444,?is common body1 ,l to a vagabond flag ^u ! /ream1 ,goes to1 & back1 lackey+ ! v>y+ tide ,to rot itself ) motion4 #ag ,z 9 politics1 s also 9 ! doma9 ( religion 7( all ?+s ! mo/ important to 8 contempor>ies71 ,%aksp]e has made 8 pr(ession ( fai?4 ,= its elucidation we believe we possess a means n less sure ?an t :i* ,ri*>d ,simpson has made use ( = fix+ ! political maxims ( ! great ma/]4 ',hamlet' fir/ appe>$ 9 a qu>to edition ( ! ye> #afjc4 ,! little book ?us ann\nces itself3-- ',! ,tragicall ,hi/orie ( ,hamlet ,pr9ce ( ,d5m>ke1 ,by ,william ,%akespe>e4 ,z x ha? be5 div]se times act$ by 8 ,highnesse s]vants 9 ! ,cittie ( ,london3 z also 9 ! two ,vniv]sities ( ,cambridge ,ox=d1 & else:]e4' ,?is drama is diff]5t1 9 mo/ ess5tial traits1 f ! piece we n[ possess1 :i* came out a ye> lat] 7#afjd71 also 9 qu>to edition4 ,! title ( ! latt] is3-- ',! ,tragicall ,hi/orie ( ,hamlet1 ,pr9ce ( ,d5m>k4 ,by ,william ,%akespe>e1 ,newly impr9t$ & enl>g$ to almo/ z mu*-aga9e z x 01 accord+ to ! true p]fect coppie4' ,! mo/ div]se hypo!ses h be5 />t$ z to ! relation betwe5 ! old] ',hamlet' & ! lat] "o4 #ah ,we %>e ! view ( ^? :o ma9ta9 t ! fir/ qu>to edition 0 a r\gh-draught1 advanc$ to a c]ta9 degree1 & = :i* ! poet1 z is ! case ) s _m ( 8 o!r plays1 _h us$ an old] play z a k9d ( model4 ,a 'r\gh-draught advanc$ to a c]ta9 degree' may be expla9$ z a piece already produc$ on ! /age4 ,! public1 always eag] to see novelties1 all[$ ! dramati/s little "t = fully work+ out _! conceptions4 ,! plays matur$1 z x 71 on ! /age itself2 !re !y receiv$ _! f9al %ape & completion4 ,z m5tion$ be=e1 t :i* _h displeas$ 0 /ruck out1 :il/ ! passages t _h obta9$ applause 7 (t5 augm5t$1 9 ord] to conf] ^u ! play ! attraction ( novelty4 ',enl>g$ to almo/ z mu*-aga9e z x 0' is an expression :i* %[s t ',hamlet' _h drawn f ! v beg9n+4 ,! poet1 !reby enc\rag$1 !n work$ out ?is drama into ! p[]ful1 compreh5sive trag$y :i* we n[ possess4 ,n[1 9 closely exam9+ ! *anges & additions made 9 ! second ',hamlet1' we f9d t mo/ ( ! fre%ly add$ philosophical ?\ghts1 & _m *>act]i/ic peculi>ities1 h cle> ref]5ce to ! philosophy ( a c]ta9 book & ! "* ( its au?or--namely1 to ,mi*el ,montaigne & 8 ',essais4' ,?is "w fir/ appe>$ 9 an ,engli% translation 9 #afjc1 aft] x _h already be5 ent]$ at ,/ation]s' ,hall = publication 9 #aeii4 ,! cause :i* may h induc$ ,%aksp]e to conf] ^u 8 ',hamlet' ! ?\ghts & ! peculi>ities ( ,montaigne1 & to give t play ! %ape 9 :i* we n[ h x1 w become app>5t :5 we h to expla9 ! controv]sy betwe5 ,jonson & ,dekk]4 ,we h ?us ! advantage ov] ,simpson's me?od1 t our !ory w be confirm$ f o!r s\rces4 ,montaigne's ',essais' 7 a "w :i* made a /rong m>k1 & creat$ a deep s5sation1 9 8 own c\ntry4 ,!re1 x _h already gone ?r\gh twelve editions be=e x 0 introduc$ 9 ,engl&--elev5 ye>s aft] ! dea? ( its au?or--by means ( a translation4 ,"h x f\nd its fir/ admir]s among ! highe/ ari/ocracy & ! patrons ( lit]ature & art4 ,"u su* augu/ auspices x p5etrat$ into ! ,engli% public at l>ge4 ,! translator 0 a well-kn[n tea*] ( ! ,italian language1 ,john ,florio4 ,f ! preface ( ! fir/ book ( ! ',essais' we le>n t1 at ! reque/ ( ,sir ,edw>d ,wotton1 ,florio _h fir/ ,engli%$ "o *apt]1 do+ x 9 ! h\se ( ,lady ,b$=d1 a great lov] ( art4 ,9 t preface1 ,florio1 9 mo/ extravagant & euphui/ic /yle1 describes h[ ?is noblewoman1 aft] hav+ 'dayn$ to read x 7! fir/ *apt]7 )\t pitty ( my fa/+1 my fa9t+1 my labor+1 my langi%+1 my gasp+ = "s brea? 444 yet commaund$ me on'--namely1 to turn ! :ole "w into ,engli%4 ,x 0 a heavy task = ! poor s*oolma/]4 ,he says3--',i sweat1 ,i wept1 & ,i w5t on sea-tos/1 wea!r-beat5 444 %ippe-wrackt--almo/ dr[n$4' ',i say n1' ! polite mae/ro adds1 'y took pleasure at %ore' 7z ^? 9 ?is au?or1 iii4 #a74 ,no2 my lady 0 'unm]cifull1 b n s cruell2' %e ev] & anon upheld 8 c\rage1 br++ 'to my succ\r ! =ces ( two de>e fri5ds4' ,"o ( !m 0 ,!odore ,diodati1 tutor ( ,lady ,b$=d's bro!r1 ! elde/ son ( ,lady ,h>r+ton ^: husb& also 0 a poet4 ,! grateful ,florio calls ?is wor?y colleague1 ',diodati z 9 "n1 s inde$ ,god's gift to me1' & a 'guide-fi%' :o 9 ?is 'rockie-r\gh ocean' help$ him to capture ! ',:ale'--t is1 ,montaigne4 ,he also comp>es him to a 'bonus g5ius s5t to me1 z ! good angel to ,raimond 9 ,tasso1 = my assi/ant to combat ?is great ,argante4' ,! o!r welcome fell[-work] 0 ',mai/] ,doctor ,gu9ne2' accord+ to ,florio1 '9 ?is p]il\s1 crook't passage a mon/]-quell+ ,!seus or ,h]kules2' aye1 9 8 eyes ! be/ orator1 poet1 philosoph]1 & m$ical man 7non s se meglior oratore e poeta1 o philosopho e m$ico71 & well v]s$ 9 ,greek1 ,lat91 ,italian1 & ,fr5* poetry4 ,x 0 he :o succe$$ 9 trac+ ! _m passages f classic & mod]n writ]s :i* are /rewn all ov] ,montaigne's ,essays to ! div]s au?ors1 & ! sev]al places :]e !y occur1 s z to prop]ly classify !m4 ,samuel ,daniel1 a well-kn[n & mu* respect$ poet ( t "t1 & a bro!r-9-law ( ,florio1 also made 8 contribution4 ,he op5s ?is p[]ful1 highly important "w ) a eulogi/ic poem4 ,florio1 9 8 bomba/ic /yle1 says3--',i1 9 ?is1 s]ve b z ,vulcan to hat*et ?is ,m9]va f t ,jupit]'s bigge bra9e4' ,he calls himself 'a fondl+ fo/]-fa!r1 hav+ transport$ x f ,france to ,engl&1 put x 9 ,engli% clo!s1 taught x to talke our tongue1 ?\gh _m times ) a j]ke ( ,fr5* j>gon4' ,! ',essais' consi/ ( ?ree diff]5t books4 ,ea* ( !m is d$icat$ to two noblewom51 ! =emo/ ( ?is c\ntry4 ,! fir/ book isd$icat$ to ,lucy1 ,c\ntess ( ,b$=d1 & h] "m1 ,lady ,anne ,h>r+ton4 ,! second to ,elizabe?1 ,c\ntess ( ,rutl&1 daught] ( ! fam\s poet ,sir ,philip ,sidney1 !re=e a ne> relation ( ,%aksp]e's y\?ful fri5d1 ,william ,h]b]t1 ! lat] ,e>l ( ,pembroke 7'! only begett]' ( ! ',sonnets'71 ^: "m also 0 a daught] ( t mu*-admir$ poet4 ,! second book is d$icat$ to ! r5[n$ z well z evilly notori\s ,lady ,p5elope ,ri*1 si/] ( ! un=tunate ,e>l ( ,essex4 ,%e %one by h] extraord9>y beauty z well z by h] intellectual gifts4 ,( h] ,sir ,philip ,sidney 0 madly enam\r$1 b %e m>ri$ a ,croesus1 ,"l ,ri*4 ,?is union 0 a mo/ unhappy "o4 ,h] husb&1 a man f> bel[ h] 9 /r5g? ( m9d1 did n "k h[ to value ! jewel t _h come into 8 possession4 ,a cr[d ( admir]s flock$ ar\nd h]1 among :om 0 ,william ,h]b]t1 mu* y\ng] 9 ye>s ?an h]self4 ,x is suspect$ t ,%aksp]e's la/ sonnets 7#abg-aeb7 t\* ^u ?is connection1 ) ! object ( w>n+ ! fri5d aga9/ ! true "* ( t s9ful woman4 ,! la/ book is d$icat$ to ,lady ,elizabe? ,grey1 ! wife ( ,h5ry ,grey1 daught] ( ! ,e>l ( ,%rewsbury1 & to ,lady ,m>y ,nevill1 ! latt] be+ ! daught] ( ! ,*ancellor ( ! ,ex*equ]1 & wife ( ,sir ,h5ry ,nevill ( ,ab]gav5ny4 ,ea* ( ! noblewom5 m5tion$ is prais$ 9 a sonnet4 ,no book ( t p]iod _h su* a numb] ( ari/ocratic sponsors4 ,yet x 0 ( =eign orig91 & = ! fir/ "t a ,fr5* philosoph] _h appe>$ 9 an ,engli% v]sion on ?is side ( ! ,*annel4 ,8 easy1 *atty tone mu/ h creat$ no small s5sation4 ,! welcome giv5 to him by a great numb] ( m5 is prov$ by ! fact ( ! ',essais' soon rea*+ _! ?ird edition1 a r>e occurr5ce ) a book s exp5sive z ?is4 #ai ,we w endeav\r to sket* ! "* ( ,mi*el ,montaigne & 8 writ+s4 ,8 individuality1 ow+ to ! m9ute descriptions he gives ( 8 own self 9 ! ,essays1 comes out ) r>e di/9ctness f ! d>k environs ( 8 "t--m cle>ly s ?an ! p]sonality ( any o!r au?or1 ev5 ( t sev5te5? c5tury :i* is s mu* ne>] to u4 ,?is ,fr5* nobleman devot$ ! la/ ?irty ye>s ( 8 life to philosophical speculations1 if t expression is all[able2 = fanciful incl9ation & *ang+ s5tim5t1 f> m ?an /rict logic & s\nd common s5se1 decid$ ! direction ( 8 ?\ghts4 ,! book 9 :i* he tries to r5d] 8 ideas is meant to be ! fle% & blood ( 8 own self4 ,! "w & ! au?or--s he says--are to be "o4 ',he :o t\*es "o ( !m1 attacks bo?4' ,9 ! words ( ,florio's translation1 he obs]ves3--',au?ors communicate !mselves unto ! _w by "s speciall & /range m>ke1 ,i ! fir/ by my g5]all disposition z ,mi*ael ,montaigne2 n z a ,gramm>ian1 or a ,poet1 or a ,lawy]4' ,few writ]s h be5 consid]$ f su* diff]5t po9ts ( view z ,montaigne4 ,! mo/ passionate controv]sies h aris5 ab\t him4 ,!ologians h endeav\r$ to make him "o ( _! own2 b ! m f> see+ ones soon p]ceiv$ t !re 0 too mu* scepticism 9 8 "w4 ,"s sceptics w\ld fa9 atta* him to _! own ranks2 b ! m consi/5t among !m decl9$ ! companion%ip ( "o :o 0 too bigot$ = !m4 ,! great mass ( m51 z usual1 pluck$1 accord+ to ea* "o's ta/e & fancy1 "s blossom or leaf f 8 'nosegay ( /range fl[]s1' #bj & !n classifi$ him f t casual selection4 ,montaigne1 a fri5d ( tru?1 admoni%es po/]ity1 if x w\ld judge him1 to d s tru?fully & ju/ly4 ,) gladsome he>t1 he says1 he w\ld come back f ! o!r _w 9 ord] to give ! lie to ^? :o describe him diff]5t f :at he is1 'ev5 if x 7 done to 8 hon\r4' ,we %all /rive to comply ) 8 wi% by draw+ ! picture ( ?is mo/ int]e/+1 & 9 8 intellectual features ?or\ghly mod]n1 man1 f ! cont\rs furni%$ by 8 own h&4 ,we %all ex]t ourselves to lay /ress on ^? *>act]i/ics by :i* he mu/ h creat$ mo/ surprise among 8 logically m consi/5t contempor>ies on ! o!r side ( ! ,*annel4 ,9 tak+ up ,montaigne's ',essais' = p]usal we are pres5tly "u ! spell ( a feel+ z ?\gh we 7 li/5+ to ! words ( a mo/ v]satile man ( ! _w1 9 :om we become m & m int]e/$4 ,we f9d 9 him n only an amiable repres5tative ( ! upp] classes1 b also a man :o has deeply ent]$ into ! _s ( classic antiquity4 ,soon he conv9ces u t he is hone/ly se>*+ aft] tru?2 t he pursues ! noble aim ( plac+ himself 9 h>mony ) ,god & ! _w4 ,does he succe$ 9 ?is8 ,does he arrive at a cle> conclusion8 ,:at are ! fruits ( 8 ?\ghts8 :at 8 tea*+s8 ,9 :at relation did he /& to 8 c5tury8 ,z 9 no o!r epo*1 m5 _h1 especially ^? :o came out into ! fi]ce light ( publicity1 to take sides 9 p>ty w>f>e dur+ ! mu*-agitat$ "t ( ! ,re=mation4 ,to :i* p>ty did ,montaigne belong8 ,0 he "o ( ! ,humani/s1 :o1 av]se to all antiquat$ dogmas1 prea*$ a new doctr9e1 :i* 0 to br+ mank9d once m into unison ) ! long despis$ laws ( ,nature8 ,we hope to %[ successfully t ,%aksp]e wrote 8 ',hamlet' = ! great & noble object ( w>n+ 8 contempor>ies aga9/ ! di/urb+ inconsi/5cies ( ! philosophy ( ,montaigne :o prea*$ ! rights ( ,nature1 :il/ yet cl++ to dogmatic t5ets :i* _c be reconcil$ ) ^? rights4 ,we hope to prove t ,%aksp]e :o made x 8 task 'to hold ! mirror up to ,nature1' & :o1 l none be=e him1 caught up h] inn]mo/ secrets1 r5d]+ !m ) ! *a/e/ expression2 t ,%aksp]e1 :o d5i$ 9 few b impressive words ! vitality ( any art or culture :i* uses means n consi/5t ) ! int5tions ( ,nature3 ,yet ,nature is made bett] by no mean1 ,b ,nature makes t mean2 s o'er t art ,:i*1 y say1 adds to ,nature1 is an art ,t ,nature makes2 #ba-- we hope to prove successfully t ,%aksp]e1 ?is true apo/le ( ,nature1 held x to be suffici5t1 ay1 mo/ godly1 to be a *ampion ( 'natural ?+s2' t he advocat$ a true & simple ob$i5ce to h] laws1 & a r5unciation ( all transc5d5tal dogmas1 miscall$ 'holy & rev]5t1' :i* dom9e] ov] human nature1 & h9d] ! free developm5t ( its nobl] faculties4 ,let u !n imp>tially exam9e ! "* & ! "w ( ,montaigne4 ,if we discov] contradictions 9 bo?1 we %all n endeav\r to argue !m away1 b pres5t !m ) matt]-(-fact fidelity2 = x is on ^? v contradictions t ! enigmatic1 z yet unexpla9$1 "* ( ,hamlet reposes4 #a3 ,colli]'s ,drama1 i4 #bfe4 #b3 ,k9d-h>tes ,dreame1 #aeib4 #c3 ,act v4 sc4 #d4 #d3 ,act v sc4 #d4 #e3 ,act iii sc4 #e4 #f3 ,! ,return f ,p>nassus1 act v4 sc4 ,i4 #g3 ,ibid41 act iv4 sc4 #c4 #h3 ,! ,p>don] & ! ,fri>3 #aecc4 #i3 ,colli]'s ,drama1 i4 #ajd4 #aj3 ,! ,political ,use ( ! ,/age 9 ,%aksp]e's ,"t4 ,new ,%aksp]e ,society3 #ahgd1 ii4 p4 #cga4 ,h5ry ,/albrydge1 ,epi/le ,exhortatory1 c43 #aedd4 #aa3 ,?is ?reat 0 utt]$ aga9/ ,*apman1 ,b5 ,jonson1 & ,m>/on on acc\nt ( ,ea/w>d ,hoe4 #ab3 ,von ,raum]1 ii4 p4 #bai4 #ac3 ,m>/on's ,malcont5t3 ,d$ication4 #ad3 ,act i4 sc4 ,i4 #ae3 ,x is v *>act]i/ic t1 9 ?is s]i\s piece also1 l[ hum\r 0 /ill l>gely employ$4 ,9 pr9t+--! publi%] rem>ks--! passages 9 "q 7 left out1 z d]ogatory 'to s hon\rable & /ately a hi/ory4' #af3 ,! ,politics ( ,%aksp]e's ,hi/orical ,plays4 ,new ,%aksp]e ,society1 ii4 #ahgd4 #ag3 ,antonius & ,cleopatra1 act i4 sc4 #d4 #ah3 ,we mean ! usually receiv$ text1 see+ t ! folio edition ( #afbc conta9s "s passages :i* are want+ 9 ! qu>to edition1 & vice v]s4 #ai3 ,montaigne's ,essays1 :i* 7 publi%$ 9 folio1 may h _h ! same price z ,%aksp]e's folio ( #afbc4 ,! latt] 0 only re-issu$ 9 #afcb & #affd1 :il/ ! =m] came out 9 new editions 9 #afac & #afcb4 #bj3 ',icy un amas de fleur e/rangi]es1 n'y ayant f\rny du mi5 que le filet les li]' 7iii4 #ab74 #ba3 ,w9t]'s ,tale1 act iv4 sc4 #c4 ,,iii4 ,,montaigne4 ,mi*el ,montaigne 0 fav\r$ by bir? z few writ]s h be54 ,he 0 ! son ( a wor?y nobleman :o gave him1 f e>ly *ildhood1 a mo/ c>efully conduct$ education4 ,he nev] tires 9 prais+ ! good qualities ( 8 fa!r1 :o _h foll[$ ,francis ,i4 to 8 ,italian campaigns1 &1 l t mon>*1 _h conceiv$ a pref]5ce = ^? classical /udies :i* 7 !n aga9 reviv+4 ,ev5 z 8 k+1 he1 too1 wi%$ to promote ! new k1 & 0 b5t ^u s initiat+ "y ,mi*el into x z to make him 9 ! fulle/ mann] conv]sant ) ! conque/s ( ,greece & ,rome 9 ! realm ( intellect4 ,9 ?is1 z a practical man :o felt ! greate/ respect = erudition )\t p]sonally possess+ a prop] %>e ( x1 he all[$ himself to be ?or\ghly guid$ by 'm5 ( le>n+ & judgm5t4' ,he _h be5 told t ! only reason :y we d n 'atta9 to ! greatness ( s\l & intellect ( ! anci5t ,greeks & ,romans 0 ! l5g? ( "t we give to le>n+ ^! languages :i* co/ !m no?+4' ,9 br++ up ! boy1 to :om ! be/ ma/]s 7 giv51 ! proc$ures *os5 7 !re=e su* t "y ,mi*el1 9 8 six? ye>1 spoke ,lat9 ?or\ghly be=e he 0 able to conv]se 9 8 own "m-tongue4 ,montaigne relates #a t he 0 mu* m at home on ! banks ( ! ,tib] ?an on ! ,se9e4 ,be=e he knew ! ,l\vre1 8 m9d's eye re/$ on ! ,=um & ! ,capitol4 ,he boa/s ( hav+ always be5 m occupi$ ) ! life & ! qualities ( ,lucullus1 ( ,metellus1 & ,scipio1 ?an ) ! fate ( any ( 8 own c\ntrym54 ,( ! hey-day ( classic ,rome he1 :o o!rwise uses su* measur$ t]ms1 speaks ) a gl[+ en?usiasm4 ,he (t5 av]s t he belongs to no special s*ool ( ?\ght2 t he advocates no !ory2 t he is n ! adh]5t ( any p>ty or sect4 ,to him--s he ass]ts--an unprejudic$ exam9ation ( all k is suffici5t4 ,8 endeav\r 01 to prove ! devise ( 8 escut*eon3 ',que sais-je8' ,h ! humani/ic /udies n giv5 to him1 z to s _m ( 8 contempor>ies1 a di/9ctive m5tal b5t8 ,h ,greek & ,roman philosophy & poetry rema9$ )\t any influ5ce ^u him8 ,has 8 "* n be5 =m$ by !m8 ,does he n once reckon himself among 'n\s autres naturali/es8' #b ,once only1 x is true1 he does ?is2 b ev5 if he :o w\ld n belong to any special s*ool ( ?\ght1 & :o w\ld r be 'a good equ]ry ?an a logician1' #c _h n ascrib$ to himself ?is designation1 a hundr$ passages ( 8 "w w\ld be> witness to ! fact ( 8 hav+ be5 "o ( ! ,humani/s1 on ^: bann] ',nature' 0 writt5 z ! p>ole4 ,ev] & anon he says 7,i "h direct att5tion m specially to 8 la/ ,essays7 t we ought will+ly to foll[ h] prescriptions2 & incessantly he ass]ts t1 9 do+ s1 we _c err4 ,he designates h] z a guide z mild z %e is j1 ^: footpr9ts1 blurr$ ov] z !y are by artificial ones1 we ought ev]y:]e to trace anew4 ',is x n folly1' he asks ) ,s5eca1 #d 'to b5d ! body ?is way1 & ! m9d t way1 & ?us to /& di/ort$ betwe5 two movem5ts utt]ly at v>iance ) ea* o!r8' ,to br+ up & to guide man 9 accordance ) 8 capacities1 is ) him a supreme law4 ',le glorieux *ef-d'oeuvre de l'homme1 c'e/ de vivre a propos4' ,he1 ! sage1 is already s mu* 9 advance ( 8 c5tury t he ye>ns = laws & religions :i* are n arbitr>ily f\nd$1 b drawn f ! roots & ! buds ( a univ]sal ,reason1 conta9$ 9 e p]son n deg5]ate or divorc$ f nature desnature4 ,a mass ( passages 9 ! ,essays /r5g!n ! op9ion t ,montaigne 0 an upright1 noble-m9d$ ,humani/1 a disciple ( free ?\ght1 :o wi%$ to fa?om human nature1 & 0 anxi\s to help 9 deliv]+ mank9d f ! fett]s ( manifold sup]/itions4 ,read 8 ,essay on ,education2 & ! conviction w =ce itself ^u y t 9 _m ?+s he 0 f> 9 advance ( 8 "t4 ,b n[ to ! rev]se ( ! m$al--to ,montaigne z ! adh]5t ( ,romani/ dogmas6 ',! bond1' he says--& "h we quote ,florio's translation1 #e only slightly *ang$ into mod]n or?ography--':i* %\ld b9d our judgm5t1 tie our w1 en=ce & jo9 our s\ls to our ,creator1 %\ld be a bond tak+ 8 d\bl+s & =ces1 n f our consid]ations1 reasons1 & passions1 b f a div9e & sup]natural compulsion1 hav+ b "o =m2 "o c\nt5ance1 & "o grace2 :i* is ! au?ority & grace ( ,god4' ,! latt]1 be x well und]/ood1 are to ,montaigne id5tical ) ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 to :i* he ?9ks x be/ bl9dly to submit4 ,m5--he obs]ves--:o make bold to sit 9 judgm5t ^u _! judges1 are nev] fai?ful & ob$i5t to !m4 ,z a w>n+ example he po9ts to ,engl&1 :i*1 s9ce 8 bir?1 _h already ?ree or f\r times *ang$ its laws1 n only 9 matt]s political1 9 :i* con/ancy is n insi/$ ^u1 b 9 ! mo/ important matt] imag9able--namely1 9 religion4 ,he decl>es himself all ! m a%am$ (1 & vex$ by1 ?is1 z 8 own family 7 alli$ by close private ties ) ! ,engli% nation4 ,an attempt has be5 made to %[ #f t 9 ,montaigne's ',apologie de ,raymond ,sebond1' 9 :i* he exp\nds 8 !ological op9ions 9 ! mo/ explicit mann]1 a hidd5 attack is conta9$ ^u ! ,*ur*4 ,b x bespeaks an utt] misconception ( ! "* ( ?is writ] to hold him capable ( su* p]fidi\s craft9ess2 = he calls x 'a c[>dly & s]vile hum\r if a man disguises & hides 8 ?\ghts "u a mask1 n d>+ to let himself be se5 "u 8 true aspect4' #g ,we "k ( n a few1 especially ,italian1 ,humani/s :o publicly made a deep b[ be=e ! alt>1 :il/ beh9d x !y cynically laugh$1 9 company ) _! fri5ds2 mak+ sport ( ! silly cr[d t knelt d[n 9 pr(\nd rev]5ce4 ,montaigne 0 no su* d\ble-deal]4 ,we c fully believe him :5 he /ates t x is to him no small satisfaction & pleasure to 'h be5 pres]v$ f ! contagion ( s corrupt an age2 to h nev] br\ght affliction & ru9 ^u any p]son2 n to h felt a desire = v5geance1 or any envy2 nor to h become a default] to 8 ^w4' #h ,8 ^w1 8 hon\r1 7 to him ! mo/ sacr$ treasure4 ,he nev] w\ld h desc5d$ s l[ z to fl+ !m to ! w9ds4 ,let u1 !re=e1 n endeav\r to d5y any logical inconsi/5cies 9 8 writ+s--inconsi/5cies :i* _m o!r m5 s9ce 8 "t h equally %[n4 ,let u r in/itute a /rict & close inquiry into ^! two modes ( ?\ght ( 81 :i*1 contradictory z !y are1 yet make up 8 v "* & individuality4 ,we c fully believe 9 ,montaigne's s9c]ity :5 else:]e he ass]ts t we mu/ n travel away f ! pa?s m>k$ d[n by ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur*1 le/ we %\ld be driv5 ab\t helplessly & aimlessly on ! unb\nd$ sea ( human op9ions4 ,he tells u #i t 'he1 too1 _h neglect$ ! obs]vance ( c]ta9 c]emonies ( ! ,*ur*1 :i* seem$ to him some:at va9 & /range2 b t1 :5 he communicat$ on t subject ) le>n$ m51 he f\nd t ^! ?+s _h a v massive & solid f\ndation1 & t x is only sill9ess & ignorance :i* make u receive !m ) less rev]5ce ?an ! o!r doctr9es ( religion4' ,h5ce he concludes t we mu/ put ourselves :olly "u ! protection ( ecclesia/ical au?ority1 or completely break ) x4 ,he nev] made a s+le /ep to )draw himself f t au?ority4 ,he r prides himself on hav+ nev] all[$ himself1 by any philosophy1 to be turn$ away f 8 fir/ & natural sic op9ions1 & f ! condition 9 :i* ,god _h plac$ him2 be+ well aw>e ( 8 own v>iability volubilit4 ',?us ,i h1 by ! grace ( ,god1 rema9$ :olly atta*$1 )\t int]nal agitation & tr\bles ( consci5ce1 to ! anci5t beliefs ( our religion1 dur+ ! conflict ( s _m sects & p>ty divisions :i* our c5tury has produc$4' #aj ,receiv+ ! holy ,ho/1 he brea!d 8 la/4 ,9 ! ',apologie de ,raymond ,sebond1' ,montaigne def5ds ! ',!ologia ,naturalis' ( ! latt]--a book 9 :i* ! au?or1 :o 0 a m$ical man1 a philosoph]1 & a !ologian1 endeav\rs to prove t ! ,roman ,ca?olic dogmas are 9 h>mony ) ! laws ( nature4 ,t :i* is to be receiv$ 9 full fai?1 ,sebond ex]ts himself to make compreh5sible by argum5ts ( ! reason4 ,?is book--s ,montaigne relates--_h be5 giv5 to 8 fa!r1 at ! "t :5 ,lu!r's new doctr9es began to be popul>1 by a man ( great reputation = le>n+1 ,pi]re ,bunel1 :o 'well =esaw1 by 8 p5etration1 #aa t ?is budd+ disease w\ld easily deg5]ate into an execrable a!ism4' ,old ,pi]re ,montaigne1 a v pi\s man1 e/eem$ ?is "w v highly2 & a few days be=e 8 dea?1 hav+ =tunately f\nd x among a lot ( neglect$ pap]s1 comm&$ 8 son to translate x f 't k9d ( ,spani% j>gon ) ,lat9 end+s1' 9 :i* x 0 writt54 ,mi*el1 ) filial piety1 fulfill$ 8 task4 ,he translat$ ! "w1 & 9 ! above-m5tion$ ,essay--! l>ge/ ( ! s]ies--he advocates its philosophy4 ,! ess5ce ( ?is panegyric ( ! ,*ur* 7= logic w\ld 9 va9 be s\ght = 9 t ,essay7 is3 t k & curiosity are simply plagues ( mank9d1 & t ! ,roman ,ca?olic religion1 !re=e1 ) great wisdom1 recomm5ds ignorance4 ,man w\ld be mo/ likely to atta9 happ9ess if1 l ! animal1 he 7 to all[ himself to be guid$ by 8 simple in/9ct4 ,all philosophis+ is decl>$ to be ( no use4 ,fai? only is said to af=d security to ! weake/ ( all be+s1 to man1 :o m ?an any o!r creature is expos$ to ! mo/ manifold dang]s4 ,no elephant1 no :ale1 or crocodile1 0 requir$ to ov]come him :o pr\dly calls himself ! '"l ( creation4' ',little lice are suffici5t to make ,sylla give up 8 dictator%ip4 ,! he>t & ! life ( a mighty & triumphant emp]or =m b ! breakfa/ ( a little worm4' #ab 7,comp>e ',hamlet1' iv4 #c74 ,montaigne1 :o1 9 8 ?irty-eigh? ye>1 'long we>y ( ! bondage ( ,c\rt & ( public employm5t1 :ile yet 9 ! vig\r ( life1 ha? )drawn himself into ! bosom ( ! ,le>n$ ,virg9s 7,doct>um ,virg9um71' #ac s z to be able to sp5d ! re/ ( 8 days 9 8 ance/ral home1 9 peaceful1 undi/urb$ devotion to ennobl+ /udies1 & to pres5t ! _w ) a new book1 9 :i* he means to give expression to 8 inn]mo/ ?\ghts--,montaigne1 9 8 ,essay ',on ,pray]s1' calls 8 writ+s 'rhapsodies1' :i* he submits to ! judgm5t ( ! ,*ur*1 s t x may deal ) any?+ he1 'ei!r ignorantly or unadvis$ly1 may h set d[n contr>y to ! sacr$ decrees1 & repugnant to ! holy prescriptions ( ! ,ca?olic1 ,apo/olic1 & ,roman ,*ur*1 :]e9 ,i die1 & 9 :i* ,i 0 born4' ,let u n dwell too long on ! contradictions ( a man :o pr(esses to ?9k indep5d5tly1 & :o yet is cont5t ) hav+ a m9d-cramp+ dogmatic cre$ impos$ ^u him4 ,let u look at a few o!r1 n less irreconcilable1 inconsi/5cies ( 8 logic4 ,montaigne1 ! ,humani/1 advocates tol]ation4 ,ju/ice1 he says1 is to be done to e p>ty1 to e op9ion4 ',m5 are diff]5t 9 feel+ & 9 /r5g?2 !y mu/ be direct$ to _! good1 accord+ to !mselves1 & by div]se ways4' #ad ,he be>s no grudge to anyone ( het]odox fai?2 he feels no indignation aga9/ ^? :o diff] f him 9 ideas4 ,! ties ( univ]sal humanity he values m ?an ^? ( national connection4 ,he has "s good words = ! ,mexicans1 s cruelly p]secut$ by ! ,spani>ds4 ',i hold all m5 to be my compatriots2 ,i feel ! same love = a ,pole z = a ,fr5*man4' #ae ,b :5 we read :at ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,montaigne writes1 !re is a diff]5t tone3-- ',n[ t :i*1 me?9ks1 br+s s mu* disord] into our consci5ces--namely1 9 ^! tr\bles ( religion 9 :i* we are--is ! easy way ) :i* ,ca?olics treat _! fai?4 ,!y suppose !y %[ !mselves prop]ly mod]ate & skilful :5 !y yield to _! adv]s>ies "s ( ! articles t are "u debate4 ,b--besides t !y d n see :at an advantage x is to y\r antagoni/ if y once beg9 mak+ a concession1 ?us enc\rag+ him to foll[ up 8 po9t--x may fur!r be said t ! articles :i* !y *oose z app>5tly ! lighte/1 are sometimes mo/ important inde$4' #af ,aga91 ! humane nobleman :o looks ) pity & k9dl9ess ^u '! poor1 toil+ ) heads b5t1 9 _! h>d "w2' he :o calls ! application ( ! torture 'a trial ( pati5ce r ?an ( tru?'--he ma9ta9s t '! public weal requires t "o %\ld commit trea*]y1 use falsehoods1 & p]=m massacres4' #ag ,p]sonally1 he %r9ks f su* a mission4 ,8 s(t] he>t is n /rong en\gh = ^! de$s4 ,he relates #ah t he 'nev] c\ld see )\t displeasure an innoc5t & def5celess bea/ pursu$ & kill$1 f :i* we h receiv$ no (f5ce at all4' ,he is mov$ by ! aspect ( '! h>t :5 x is emboss$ & out ( brea?1 &1 f9d+ its /r5g? gone1 has no o!r res\rce left b to yield itself up to u :o pursue x1 ask+ = m]cy f u by its te>s4 ,he calls ?is 'a deplorable spectacle4' ,yet1 ?is s5tim5tal nobleman advocates ! commission ( trea*]y & cruelty1 9 ! int]e/ ( ! ,/ate1 by c]ta9 m en]getic1 less timor\s m54 ,nor does he def9e _! functions s z to raise a b> aga9/ a second ,/4 ,b>?olomew massacre4 ,a de$ ( ?is k9d he w\ld submissively take to be an act ( ,heav51 %irk+ all responsibility =1 or discussion (1 any?+ t 'beg9s to mole/ him4' ,he m]ely says3--',l ^? anci5ts :o sacrific$ _! lives = ! welf>e ( _! c\ntry1 s !y 7! gu>dians ( ! ,/ate7 mu/ be ready to sacrifice _! hon\r & _! consci5ce4 ,we :o are weak]1 take easi]1 less risky p>ts4' #ai ,9 ,montaigne1 ! ,humani/1 we read t beautiful passage 79 8 la/ ,essay #bj7 :]e he says t '^? :o w\ld g beyond human nature1 try+ to trans=m !mselves into angels1 only make bea/s ( !mselves4' #ba ,yet1 else:]e #bb he writes t he %all be exalt$1 :o1 r5\nc+ 8 own natural means1 all[s himself to be guid$ by means purely cele/ial--by :i* he cle>ly und]/&s ! dogmas ( ,roman ,ca?olicism4 ,z a humani/ic ?9k]1 ,montaigne fe>s no?+ m ?an any /riv+s aft] transc5d5talism4 ,su* ye>n+s t]rify him l inaccessible heights4 ,9 ! life ( ,sokrates1 ( t sage = :om he felt a special pref]5ce1 ! 'ec/asies & daimons' greatly repel him4 ,nev]!less1 ,montaigne1 ! my/ic1 attributes a great magic p[] to su* daimons2 = he says3 ',i1 too1 h sometimes felt )9 myself an image ( su* int]nal agitations1 z weak 9 ! light ( reason z !y 7 viol5t 9 in/9ctive p]suasion or dissuasion 7a /ate ( m9d m ord9>y to ,sokrates71 by :i* ,i h s pr(itably1 & s happily1 suff]$ myself to be drawn on1 t ^! m5tal agitations might p]haps be ?\ght to conta9 some?+ ( div9e inspiration4' #bc ,montaigne1 ! admir] ( classic antiquity1 says t s]v+ ! ,commonweal? is ! mo/ hon\rable call+4 #bd ,acts )\t "s spl5d\r ( fre$om h1 9 8 eyes1 nei!r grace1 nor d !y m]it be+ hon\r$4 #be ,b else:]e #bf we come ^u 8 o!r view1 less imbu$ ) ! _s ( antiquity--namely1 t 'man alone1 )\t o!r help1 arm$ only ) 8 own weapons1 & unprovid$ ) ! grace & k ( ,god1 9 :i* all 8 hon\r1 8 /r5g?1 & ! :ole gr\nd ( 8 be+ are conta9$1' is a sorry specim5 ( =ce inde$4 ,8 own reason gives him no advantage ov] o!r creatures2 ! ,*ur* alone conf]s ?is privilege ^u him6 ,dur+ sev]al ye>s1 ,montaigne 0 ,mayor ( ,bordeaux4 ,) great mode/y1 he relates #bg t 9 8 m]e passive conduct lay :atev] little m]it he may h _h 9 s]v+ 8 t[n4 ,?is fully h>monises ) ! view express$ 9 8 la/ b "o ,essay1 9 :i* he decl>es t we are to be blam$ = n suffici5tly tru/+ 9 ,heav52 expect+ f ourselves m ?an behoves u3 ',!re=e d our designs s (t5 misc>ry4 ,heav5 is envi\s ( ! l>ge ext5t :i* we attribute to ! rights ( human wisdom1 to ! prejudice ( its own rights2 & x curtails ours all ! m t we endeav\r to enl>ge !m4' #bh ,montaigne by no means ignores ! tr\bl\s "* ( ! times 9 :i* he liv$4 ,he (t5 alludes to x4 ,he ?9ks a/rolog]s _c h any great difficulty 9 presag+ *anges & revolutions ne> at h&3--',_! prophetic indications are practically 9 our v mid/1 & mo/ palpable2 "o ne$ n se>* ! ,heav5s = t4' ',ca/ we our eyes ab\t u' 7"h aga9 we foll[ ,florio's translation71 '& 9 a g5]all survay consid] all ! _w3 all is tottr+2 all is out ( frame4 ,take a p]fect view ( all great /ates1 bo? 9 ,*ri/5dome & :]e ev] else we h k (1 & 9 all places y %all f9de a mo/ evid5t ?reatn+ ( *ange & ru9e 444 ,a/rolog]s may sp\t !mselves1 ) w>n+ u1 z !y doe ( im95t alt]ations & succe$+ revolutions3 _! div9ations are pres5t & palpable1 we ne$ n prie into ! heav5s to f9d !m out4' #bi ,b ,montaigne1 always resign$ to ! w ( ,god1 inactively /&s by4 ,n ev5 a manly c\nsel comes f 8 lips4 ,he believes he has fulfill$ 8 ,*ri/ian duty by tru/+ 9 ,heav5 = ! conduct ( human affairs1 & try+ to com=t 8 fell[-m5 by ! holl[ words t he 'sees no cause = despair4 ,p]*ance we h n yet arriv$ at ! la/ /age4 ,! ma9t5ance ( /ates is mo/ probably some?+ t goes beyond our p[]s ( und]/&+4' #cj ,montaigne1 ! ,humani/1 says t 'x is an absolute p]fection1 &1 z x 71 a div9e accompli%m5t = a man to "k h[ to loyally enjoy 8 exi/5ce4' ,! mo/ comm5dable life = him is 't :i* adapts itself1 9 an ord]ly way1 to a common human model1 )\t miracle1 & )\t extravagance4' #ca ,b ,montaigne1 ! ,*ri/ian1 relates t he has 'nev] occupi$ himself ) any?+ m ?an ) ideas ( dea?1 ev5 at ! mo/ lic5ti\s "t ( 8 y\?4' ,) t\*+ +5u\sness he confesses 8 weaknesses & 8 vanities1 ( :i* he sc>cely d>es to ?9k any long]4 ,! descriptions he (t5 gives ( himself--su* z1 'a dream]' 7songe-creux71 's(t' 7molle71 'heavy' 7poisante71 'p5sive1' & s =? #cb--prove t he _c h arriv$ at a pure enjoym5t ( life4 ,he que/ions ! happ9ess ( be+ a husb& & fa!r4 ,we %all t\* ^u 8 views z reg>ds woman1 & _m o!r peculi>ities ( 81 9 ! passages ( ',hamlet' ref]r+ to !m4 ,9 no?+ does ,montaigne arrive at any cle> conclusion )9 himself4 ,?\gh he kn[s h[ to speak mu* & well ab\t ev]y?+1 x is all m]e bel esprit1 a display ( glitt]+ words1 holl[ v]biage1 :i* only l&s u 9 a labyr9? ( contradictions1 f :i* we seek an issue z va9ly z ! au?or himself4 ,/riv+1 ?r\gh all 8 life1 to arrive at a k ( himself1 he at la/ lays d[n 8 arms1 consid]+ ! attempt a fruitless & impossible task1 &1 9 8 la/ ,essay1 #cc he makes ?is av[al3-- ',t :i* 9 ,p]seus1 ! ,k+ ( ,mac$on1 0 rem>k$ z a r>e ?+--viz4 t 8 m9d1 n settl+ d[n into any k9d ( condition1 w5t w&]+ ?r\gh e mann] ( life1 ?us %[+ su* flighty & erratic conduct t nei!r he nor o!rs knew :at sort ( man he 03 ?is seems to me to apply ne>ly to ! :ole _w1 & m especially to "o ( t ilk :om ?is description w\ld em95tly fit4 ,?is1 inde$1 is :at ,i believe ( him 7he speaks ( himself73--,no av]age attitude2 be+ always driv5 f "o extreme to ! o!r by indiv9able *ances2 no mann] ( c\rse )\t cross-runn+s & m>vell\s controv]sies2 no cle> & pla9 faculty1 s t ! likelie/ idea t c\ld "o day be put =? ab\t him w be ?is3 t he affect$ & lab\r$ to make himself kn[n by ! impossibility ( really kn[+ him 7'qu'il affectoit et e/udioit de se r5dre cogneu p> e/re mecognoissable'74' ,?is is ,montaigne all ov]4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum !re is a copy ( ! ,essays ( ,montaigne1 9 ,florio's translation1 ) ,%aksp]e's "n1 x is alleg$1 writt5 9 x by 8 own h&1 & ) notes :i* possibly may 9 "p h be5 jott$ d[n by him4 ,sir ,fr$]ick ,madd51 "o ( ! greate/ au?orities 9 autographs1 has recognis$ ,%aksp]e's autograph z g5u9e4 #cd ,:atev] disputes may be c>ri$ on on ?is p>ticul> po9t1 we ?9k we %all be able to prove t ,%aksp]e ab\t ! ye> #afjj mu/ h be5 well acqua9t$ ) ,montaigne4 ,we %all %[ t 9 ! fir/ text ( ',hamlet1' :i*1 x is assum$1 0 repres5t$ on ! /age betwe5 #afja & #afjb1 !re are already to be f\nd "s allusions to ,montaigne1 especially z f> z ! middle ( ! second & t[>ds ! end ( ! fif? act4 ,9 all likelihood1 ,%aksp]e knew ! ',essais' ev5 9 ! orig9al ,fr5* text or p]haps f ! manuscript ( ! translation :i*1 z above /at$1 _h be5 begun t[>ds ! ye> #aeii2 = ,%aksp]e1 x is to be suppos$1 _h access to ! h\ses (1 at lea/1 two ( ! noble ladies to :om ! ,italian tea*] d$icat$ 8 translation4 ,9 ! ',tempe/1' assum$ to be ( lat] date ?an ',hamlet1' !re is a passage unmi/akably tak5 f ,florio's v]sion ( ,montaigne4 #ce ,b5 ,jonson1 ! mo/ qu>relsome & ! *ief adv]s>y ( ,%aksp]e1 0 an intimate fri5d ( ,florio4 ,:5 ,montaigne1 9 ',hamlet'--z ,jonson says--became ! t>get ( 'rail+ rhetoric1' ! latt] took sides ) ,florio & 8 colleagues2 laun*+ out aga9/ ,%aksp]e 9 8 com$y1 ',volpone4' ,?is play1 z well z an ,introduction 9 :i* x is d$icat$ to ! two ,univ]sities1 gives u a clue to a great _m ?+s o!rwise difficult to und]/&4 ,a new book1 especially a philosophical "w l t ( ,mi*el ,montaigne1 0 !n /ill a rem>kable ev5t4 #cf ,to c\nt]act ! p]nici\s influ5ce :i* ! frivol\s1 =eign talk] ?reat5$ to ex]cise1 9 l>ge circles1 ?r\gh an ,engli% translation--?is1 9 our op9ion1 0 ! object :i* ,%aksp]e _h :5 t\*+ ^u gr\nd int]dict$1 z a rule1 to ! /age--namely1 ^u que/ions ( religion4 ,we %all f9d t x 0 n ?r\gh any pref]5ce = gho/ & murd] sc5es t1 a ye> aft] ! second qu>to1 9 #afje1 ',hamlet' 0 repr9t$--a circum/ance occurr+ ) b "o o!r drama ( ,%aksp]e2 :i* te/ifies t ?is p>ticul> play atta9$ great popul>ity f its fir/ appe>ance4 #cg ,a v in/ructive insight into ! intellectual movem5t ( ! great ,re=mation epo* "h op5s itself to u4 ,9 ?is case1 also1 we %all ga9 ! conviction t a true g5ius takes ! livelie/ int]e/ 9 ! fate ( 8 own nation1 & does n occupy himself ) di/ant1 ab/ruse problems 7su* z fussy metaphysicians w\ld fa9 philosophise into ',hamlet'71 :il/ ! times are go+ out ( jo9t4 ,! greate/ ,engli%man rema9$1 9 ! mo/ p[]ful drama ( 81 )9 ! sph]e ( ! que/ions t agitat$ 8 "t4 ,9 ',hamlet' he id5tifies ,montaigne's philosophy ) madness2 br&+ x z a p]nici\s "o1 z contr>y to ! intellectual conque/s 8 own ,engli% nation has made1 :5 break+ ) ! ,romani/ dogmas4 ,:at s5se ( duty d ,montaigne's ,essays promote8 ,:at noble de$ c rip5 9 ! light ( ! disord]$ & discordant ideas !y conta98 ,all !y c d is1 to di/urb ! m9d1 n to cle> x2 to give rise to d\bts1 n to solve !m2 to nip ! buds f :i* great actions may spr+1 n to develop !m4 ,in/ead ( fur!r+ ! love = mank9d1 !y c only produce despair z to all high] aims & ideals4 ,9 ',hamlet1' ,%aksp]e p]sonifi$ _m qualities ( ! complex "* ( ,montaigne4 ,be=e all1 he meant to draw ?is conclusion3 t :oev] approa*es a high task ( life ) su* wav]+ ?\ghts & su* logical inconsi/5cies1 mu/ ne$s suff] %ipwreck4 ,hamlet's "* has only rema9$ an enigma to u = s long a "t because he is fle% ( our fle%1 blood ( our blood2 'b1 to knew a man well1 7 to "k himself4' #a3 ,essay ,,iii4 #i4 #b3 ,essay ,,iii4 #ab1 #bce4 #c3 ,ibid4 #i4 #d3 ,essay ,,iii4 #ac 7,edition ,v>iorum1 p> ,*>les ,l\&re1 ,p>is2 :i* we always ref] to74 #e3 ,! ,essayes1 or ,morall1 ,politike1 & ,millit>ie ,disc\rses ( ,lo4 ,mi*aell de ,montaigne1 ,london1 #afjc1 p4 #bef4 #f3 ,sa9te-,beuve4 #g3 ,essay ,,ii4 #ag1 p4 #ga4 #h3 ,,iii4 #b1 #ccj4 #i3 ,essay ,i4 #bf1 #beg4 #aj3 ,,ii4 #ab1 #dhg-h4 #aa3 ,montaigne1 ,disc\rs de ,raison 7,disc\rse ( ,reason74 ,florio1 #beb4 #ab3 ,essay ,,ii4 #ab1 #big4 ,florio1 #bff4 #ac3 ,"p ( an inscription /ill legible 9 ,montaigne's ca/le4 #ad3 ,essay ,,ii4 #ab4 #ae3 ,,iii4 #i4 #af3 ,i4 #bf4 #ag3 ,essay ,,iii4 #a #ah3 ,,ii4 #aa4 #ai3 ,,iii4 #a4 #bj3 ,,iii4 #ac4 #ba3 ,essay ,,iii4 #ac4 #bb3 ,,ii4 #ab4 #bc3 ,i4 #aa4 #bd3 ,,iii4 #i4 #be3 ,ibid4 #bf3 ,,ii4 #ab4 #bg3 ,essay ,,iii4 #aj4 #bh3 ,ibid4 #ab4 #bi4 ,florio1 #ege4 #cj3 ,essay ,,iii4 #i4 #ca3 ,,iii4 #ac4 #cb3 ,essay ,,ii4 #ab4 #cc3 ,,iii4 #ac4 #cd3 ,obs]vations on an ,autograph ( ,%aksp]e4 ,london1 #ahch4 #ce3 ,?is is ! passage1 :i* occurs 9 ! ,tempe/1 act ii4 sc4 ,i3 ',gonzalo4--,i' ! commonweal? ,i w\ld by contr>ies ,execute all ?+s3 = no k9d ( traffic ,w\ld ,i admit2 no "n ( magi/rate3 ,lett]s %\ld n be kn[n2 ri*es1 pov]ty1 ,& use ( s]vice1 none2 contract1 succession1 ,b\rn1 b\nd ( l&1 til?1 v9ey>d1 none2 ,no use ( metal1 corn1 or w9e1 or oil2 ,no occupation3 all m5 idle1 all2 ,& wom5 too4' ,?is passage is almo/ lit]ally tak5 f ,essay ,i4 #cj1 ',on ,cannibals4' ,we %all lat] on %[ ,%aksp]e's reason = giv+ u ?is fanciful description ( su* an ,utopian commonweal?4 #cf3 ,florio1 aft] enum]at+ ! difficulties he enc\nt]$ 9 ! translation ( ! ,essays1 concludes 8 preface to ! c\rte\s read] ) ! foll[+ words3-- ',9 summe1 if any ?9k he c\ld d bett]1 let him trie1 !n w he bett] ?9k ( :at is done4 ,sev5 or eight ( great wit & wor? h assay$1 b f\nd ^? ,essais no attempt = ,fr5* appr5tises or ,littletonians4 ,if ?us done x may please y1 z ,i wi% x may & ,i hope x %all1 & ,i ) y %all be pleas$3 ?\gh n1 yet /ill ,i am4' ,we le>n1 f ?is rem>k1 ( :at great importance ! ,essais mu/ h be5 consid]$ 9 lit]>y circles1 & x is n improbable t a few attempts '( ! sev5 or eight ( great wit & wor?' may h appe>$ 9 pr9t long be=e ,florio's translation4 ,we may well ask3 ,is x likely t ! greate/ lit]>y g5ius ( 8 age %\ld h be5 unaw>e ( ! exi/5ce ( a "w :i* 0 consid]$ ( su* importance t 'sev5 or eight ( great wit & wor?' ?\ght x wor? :ile to attempt to translate x8 ,%aksp]e1 :o 9 ,k+ ,h5ry ! ,fif? 7#aeii7 wrote "s sc5es 9 ,fr5*1 mu/ surely h _h suffici5t k ( ?is language to read x4 #cg3 ,besides ! qu>tos ( #afjc & #afjd1 !e 7 repr9ts ( ! latt] 9 #afje & #afaa2 also ano!r edition )\t date4 ,,iv4 ,,hamlet4 ,9 ! =ego+ sket* ( ,montaigne our especial object 0 to po9t out ! inconsi/5cy ( ! ,fr5* writ] 9 advis+ u to foll[ ,nature z our guide1 yet at ! same "t ma9ta9+ a /rict adh]5ce to t5ets & dogmas :i* qualify ! impulses & incl9ations ( nature z s9ful1 & :i* ev5 decl>e w> aga9/ !m4 ,let u see h[ ,%aksp]e inc>nates ^! contra/s 9 ! "* ( ,hamlet4 ,he makes ! ,dani% ,pr9ce come back f ! ,univ]sity ( ,witt5b]g4 ,!re1 we c]ta9ly may assume1 he has become imbu$ ) ! new _s t !n %ook ! _w4 ,we refra9 f m5tion+ x by "n1 because ! designation we n[ conf] ^u x has become a lifeless ^w1 compris+ no long] ^? free ?\ghts ( ! ,humani/1 = :i* ,%aksp]e1 9 ?is p[]ful trag$y1 boldly ent]s ! li/s4 ,hamlet longs to be back to ,witt5b]g4 ,?is desire repres5ts 8 incl9ation t[>ds free1 humani/ic /udies4 ,on ! o!r h&1 8 adh]5ce to old dogmatic views c be d$uc$ f ! fact ( 8 be+ s t]ribly impress$ by ! circum/ance ( 8 fa!r hav+ _h to die ,unh\sel'd1 disappo9t$1 unanel$2 a fact record$ ) a ?reefold outcry3-- ,oh1 horrible6 ,oh1 horrible6 mo/ horrible6 ,aga91 we mu/ direct ! read]'s att5tion to ?is v notewor?y po9t1 t ! fir/ qu>to edition ( ',hamlet' 0 already work$ out tol]ably well z f> z ! middle ( ! second act4 ,= ! completion ( ?is "p1 only a few details 7 necess>y4 ,f !m1 we mu/ all ! m be enabl$ to ga!r ,%aksp]e's int5tion4 ,9 ! spee* ( ! ,gho/ 9 ! second qu>to--o!rwise ( well-nigh id5tical cont5ts ) ! "o 9 ! fir/ edition--!re is only "o new l9e1 b "o :i* des]ves ! close/ consid]ation4 ,x is t :i* we h quot$-- ,unh\sel'd1 disappo9t$1 unanel$4 ,! effect ?is /atem5t has on ! c\rse ( ! dramatic action we %all expla9 lat] on4 ,9 act iii4 sc4 #c1 :]e ,hamlet's en]gy is p>alys$ by ?is disclosure ( ! ,gho/1 we aft]w>ds aga9 come ^u a %ort innovation1 & a mo/ *>act]i/ic "o1 ?\gh b consi/+ ( two l9es4 ,9 ! fir/ qu>to we see ,hamlet1 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! play1 seiz$ ) an unmanly grief :i* makes him wi% t heav5 & e>? w\ld *ange back into *aos4 ,b a new addition to ?is we>9ess ( life is ! contempt ( all e>?ly aspirations3 ! av]sion to ,nature z ! begett] ( s94 ,! foll[+ passages are n to be f\nd 9 ! fir/ qu>to3-- ,or t ! ,ev]la/+ _h n fix'd ,8 canon 'ga9/ self-slaught]6 ,o ,god6 ,god6 ,h[ we>y1 /ale1 flat1 & unpr(itable ,seem to me all ! uses ( ?is _w6 ,fie on't6 ,ah fie6 't is an unwe$$ g>d51 ,t gr[s to se$2 ?+s rank & gross 9 nature ,possess x m]ely4 ,! sc5e betwe5 ,hamlet & ,horatio 7act i4 sc4 #d71 :i* 9 bo? texts is ab\t ! same1 conta9s an innovation 9 :i* ! ,pr9ce's mi/ru/ ( nature is ev5 m %>ply express$4 ,^! l9es are new3-- ,?is heavy-head$ revel ea/ & we/ ,makes u traduc$ & tax'd ( o!r nations-- z f> z-- 444 ,! dram ( eale 7evil7 ,do? 7draw?7 all ! sub/ance ( a d\bt ,to 8 own sc&al4 ,! cont5ts ( ?is int]polat$ spee* may concisely be ?us giv53 t ! virtues ( man1 h[ev] pure & num]\s !y may be1 are (t5 infect$ by '"s vici\s mole ( ,nature1' :]e9 he himself is guiltless2 & t f su* a fault 9 ! *ance ( bir? a /amp ( defect is impress$ ^u 8 "*1 & ?us contam9ates ! :ole4 ,^! innovations are evid5tly introduc$ = ! purpose ( mak+ u und]/& :y ,hamlet does n tru/ to ! excitem5ts ( 8 own reason & 8 own blood1 9 ord] to f9d out by natural means :e!r x be true :at 8 'prophetic s\l' anticipates--namely1 t 8 uncle may 'smile & smile1 & yet be a villa94' ,man1 says ,montaigne1 has no hold-fa/1 no firm & fix$ po9t1 )9 himself1 9 spite ( 8 app>5tly spl5did outfit4 #a ,man c d no?+ ) 8 own weapons alone )\t help f outside4 ,9 ! ,essay ',on ! ,folly ( ,ref]r+ ! ,true & ! ,false to ! ,tru/wor?9ess ( our ,judgm5t1' #b he ma9ta9s t 'x is a silly presumption to g ab\t despis+ & condemn+ z false t :i* does n seem probable to u2 :i* is a common fault ( ^? :o ?9k !y h m self-suffici5cy ?an ! vulg>4 ,s 0 ,i =m]ly m9d$2 & if ,i he>d anybody speak ei!r ( gho/s com+ back1 or ( ! prophecy ( com+ ?+s1 ( spells1 ( wit*craft1 or ( any o!r tale ,i c\ld n dige/-- ,somnia1 t]rores magicos1 miracula1 sagas1 ,nocturnos lemures1 port5taque ,!ssala-- ,i felt a k9d ( compassion = ! poor p :o 7 made ! victims ( su* follies4 ,& n[ ,i f9d t ,i 01 at lea/1 to be z mu* piti$ myself4444 ,reason has taught me t1 s resolutely to condemn a ?+ z false & impossible1 is to boldly assume t we h 9 our head ! b\nds & limits ( ! w ( ,god & ( our common "m1 ,nature2 & ,i n[ see t !re is no m notable folly 9 ! _w ?an to r$uce !m to ! measure ( our capacity & ( our self-suffici5t judgm5t4' #c ,n less weak ?an ,montaigne's tru/ 9 human reason is t ( ,hamlet :5 he fe>s '! pales & =ts ( reason' may be brok5 d[n-- by ! o'ergr[? ( "s complexion4 ,) su* a mode ( ?\ght x is n to be wond]$ at t he %\ld welcome ! fir/ occasion :5 ! task ( 8 life may be reveal$ to him by a heav5ly mess5g]4 ,hop+ t '! que/ionable %ape' w\ld n let him 'bur/ 9 ignorance1' b tell him :y 'we fools ( ,nature s horridly %ake our disposition ) ?\ghts beyond ! rea*es ( our s\ls1' he foll[s ! spectral app>ition4 ,good ,horatio does 8 be/ to re/ra9 8 fri5d1 :o has wax$ 'desp]ate ) imag9ation1' f approa*+ ! 'remov$ gr\nd1' t might deprive him ( ! 'sov]eignity ( reason1' & :i!r ! ,gho/ beckons him4 ,"h !re are sev]al new l9es3-- ,or to ! dreadful summit ( ! cliff4444 ,! v place puts toys ( desp]ation1 ,)\t m motive1 into e bra9 ,t looks s _m fa?oms to ! sea1 ,& he>s x ro> b5ea?4 ,"h we h "o ( ^? incipi5t ec/asies ( :i* ,montaigne says t 'su* transc5d+ hum\rs affright me z mu* z /eep1 high1 & inaccessible places4' #d ,9 ! foll[+ sc5e betwe5 ,hamlet & ! ,gho/ ! introduction is new3-- ,gho/4 ,my h\r is almo/ come1 ,:5 ,i to sulphur\s & torm5t+ flames ,mu/ r5d] up myself4 ,hamlet4 ,alas1 poor gho/6 ,gho/4 ,pity me n1 b l5d ?y s]i\s he>+ ,to :at ,i %all unfold4 ,hamlet4 ,speak2 ,i am b\nd to he>4 ,gho/4 ,s art ?\ to rev5ge1 :5 ?\ %all he>4 ,?is pictur+ ( ! torm5ts ( hell--h[ v *>act]i/ic6 ,x is =bidd5 to ! ,gho/ to communicate to 'e>s ( fle% & blood' ! secrets ( its fi]y prison-h\se4 ,yet x kn[s h[ to tell en\gh ( ! horrors ( t gruesome place to make ! hair ( a /rong] mortal ?an ,hamlet is1 /& on end1 'l quills ^u ! fretful porcup9e4' ,) ma/]ly h&1 ! poet depicts ! di/ance :i* h5ce=? sep>ates ,hamlet's c\rse ( ?\ght f t ( 8 fri5ds :o h rema9$ on ! firm gr\nd ( human reason4 ,hamlet _c say m ?an-- t !re's ne'er a villa9 dwell+ 9 all ,d5m>k ,b he's an arrant knave4 ,:5 ,horatio answ]s t '!re ne$s no gho/1 my "l1 come f ! grave to tell u ?is1' #e ,hamlet asks 8 fri5ds to %ake h&s ) him & "p1 giv+ !m to und]/& t e man has 8 own bus9ess & desire1 & t-- = my own poor "p1 ,look y1 ,i'll g pray4 ,horatio calls ?is 'wild & :irl+ words4' ,! ,pr9ce :o at ?is mom5t1 no d\bt1 expresses 8 own true incl9ation1 says3--',i am sorry !y (f5d y--he>tily2 yes1 'fai?1 he>tily4' ,x is difficult = him to ju/ify 8 own proc$ure4 ,he feels unable to expla9 8 ?\ghts & s5tim5ts to ! cle>1 unw>p$ reason ( a ,horatio1 to :om ! ,gho/ did n reply1 & to :om no gho/ w\ld4 ,hamlet assures 8 fri5d1 = ^: sympa?y he greatly c>es1 t ! app>ition is a true "o1 an hone/ gho/4 ,he advises ,horatio to give ! 'wondr\s /range' a welcome ev5 z to 'a /rang]2' &1 le/ he might endeav\r to te/ ! app>ition by human reason1 he speaks ! beautiful words3-- ,!re are m ?+s 9 heav5 & e>?1 ,horatio1 ,?an are dreamt ( 9 y\r philosophy ,hamlet tells 8 fri5ds t 9 future he w put on 'an antic disposition4' ,t[>ds !m he has1 9 fact1 already done s4 ,8 desire = a ?reefold oa?2 8 repeat$ %ift+ ( gr\nd2 8 swe>+ by ! sword on :i* ! h&s are laid 7a cu/om ref]able to ! "t ( ! ,crusades1 & consid]$ tantam\nt to swe>+ by ! cross1 b :i*1 at ! same "t1 is an old] ,g]manic1 & h5ce ,dani%1 cu/om72 8 use ( a ,lat9 =mula1 ,hic et ubique--all ^! proc$ures h ! evid5t object ( ?r[+ 8 comrades into a my/ic frame ( m9d1 & to make !m keep sil5ce 7's help y m]cy6'7 z to :at !y h se54 ,^! are ! my/]i\s means :i* ^? h to use t w\ld make !mselves ! m$ium ( a message sup]naturally reveal$4 #e ,a p]usal ( ! fifty-six? *apt] ( ! fir/ ,essay ( ,montaigne w %[ ) :at great rev]5ce he treat$ c]emonial cu/oms & holl[ =mulas2 = in/ance1 ! sign ( ! cross1 ( :i* he 'cont9ually made use1 ev5 if he be b yawn+' 7sic74 ,x is n a m]e co9cid5ce1 b a well-calculat$ trait 9 ! "* ( ,hamlet1 t 9 8 spee* he goes ?r\gh a scale ( exclamations & assev]ations su* z ,%aksp]e employs 9 no o!r ( 8 poetical creations4 ,hamlet incessantly m5tions ,god1 ,heav51 ,hell1 & ! ,devil1 ! ,heav5ly ,ho/s1 & ! ,sa9ts4 ,he claims protection f ! latt] at ! appe>ance ( ! ,gho/4 ,he swe>s 'by ,/4 ,patrick1' by 8 fai?1 by ,god's w\nds1 by ,8 blood1 by ,8 body1 by ! ,cross1 & s =?4 #f ,/ubbs1 9 8 ',anatomy ( ,abuses' 7#aehc71 #g lays /ress1 among o!r *>act]i/ics ( ! ,papi/s1 ^u _! t]rible incl9ation to swe>+3 '9 s mu*e1 z if !y speake b ?ree or f[] words1 yet mu/ !i ne$es be int]lac$ ) a bl\die o! or two1 to ! great di%on\r ( ,god & (f5ce ( ! he>]s4' ,an ov]:elm+ grief & mi/ru/ 9 8 own nature fill$ ,hamlet's bold imag9ation ) ! desire ( receiv+ a complete m&ate = 8 mission f ! h&s ( sup]ior p[]s4 ,s he ent]s ! realm ( my/icism1 :]e m9d wields no au?ority1 & :]e no s\nd fruit ( human reason c rip54 ,betwe5 ! fir/ & ! second act !re is an int]val ( a few mon?s4 ,! poet gives u no o!r clue to ! condition & ! do+s ( 8 h]o ?an t1 9 ! words ( ,polonius1 #h he 'fell into sadness2 !n into a fa/2 !nce to a wat*2 !nce into a weakness1' & s =?4 ,we may !re=e assume t he has foll[$ 8 incl9ation to g to pray2 t he tries by fa/+1 wat*+1 & *a/is+1 z s _m be=e him1 to f9d 8 way 9 ! dreaml& :i* he has ent]$ foll[+ ! ,gho/2 s9c]ely /riv+ to rema9 true to 8 resolution to 'wipe f ! table ( 8 memory all pressures pa/4' ,a new passage 9 ! monologue ( ,hamlet1 aft] ! ,gho/ has left him1 is ?is3-- ,& ?y comm&m5t all alone %all live ,)9 ! book & volume ( my bra91 ,unmix'd ) bas] matt]2 yes1 by ,heav56 ,o mo/ p]nici\s woman6 ,we next he> ab\t ! ,pr9ce f ,ophelia aft] ! int]val :i*1 z m5tion$ above1 lies betwe5 ! fir/ & ! second act4 #i ,9 ! old play %e relates t1 :5 'walk+ 9 ! gall]y all alone1' he1 ! lov]1 came t[>ds h]1 altoge!r 'b]eft ( 8 wits4' ,9 ! sc5e ( ! lat] play he comes to h] closet ) a purpose1 appe>+ be=e h] 9 a /ate ( m5tal /ruggle4 ,no d\bt1 he !n approa*es h] ) ! int5tion1 :i* aft]w>ds he c>ries out1 ( r5\nc+ woman1 ! begett] ( all evil 9 ! _w1 :i* makes su* mon/]s ( wise m54 ,! sight ( 8 true love has %ak5 him4 ,he /&s be=e h]3 #aj 444 ) a look s pite\s 9 purport ,z if he _h be5 loos$ out ( hell ,to speak ( horrors444 ,& ?rice 8 head ?us wav+ up & d[n1 ,he rais$ a sigh s pite\s & pr(\nd ,z x did seem to %att] all 8 bulk ,& end 8 be+4 ,?us he leaves h]1 n d>+ to speak ! ^w :i* is to sep>ate him f h]4 ,9 ! foll[+ sc5e betwe5 ,hamlet & ,polonius 7act ii4 sc4 #b #aa7 !re is aga9 a new passage :i* equally proves t ,hamlet's ?\ghts only dwell ^u "o !me2 t is1 ! s9fulness ( our human nature3-- ,hamlet4 ,= if ! sun bre$ maggots 9 a dead dog1 be+ a god1 kiss+ c>rion--,h y a daught]8 ,polonius4 ,i h1 my "l4 ,hamlet4 ,let h] n walk i' ! sun4 ,conception is a bless+2 b n z y\r daught] may conceive3--fri5d1 look to't4 ,hamlet said be=e1 t ',to be hone/1 is to be "o man pick$ out ( t5 ?\s&4' ,!re is me?od 9 ,hamlet's madness4 ,) correct logic he draws f dogmas :i* pron\nce ,nature to be s9ful1 ! conclusion t we ne$ n wond] at ! ab\nd+ ( evil 9 ?is _w1 see+ t a ,god himself assi/s 9 creat+ x4 ,he1 !re=e1 w>ns ,polonius aga9/ 8 daught]1 too1 becom+ 'a bre$] ( s9n]s4' ,be=e we foll[ ,hamlet n[ to ! sc5e ) ,ophelia1 :]e1 '9 an ec/asy ( div9e inspiration1 equally weak 9 reason1 & viol5t 9 p]suasion & dissuasion1' #ab he calls ^u h] to g to a nunn]y1 we mu/ direct att5tion to ! conclud+ "p ( an ,essay #ac ( ,montaigne4 ,x is only surpris+ t nobody %\ld z yet h po9t$ out h[ unmi/akeably1 9 t fam\s sc5e1 ! inconsi/5cies ( ! :imsical ,fr5* writ] are sc\rg$4 ,9 t ,essay ! foll[+ ?\ght occurs1 :i* "o w\ld gladly accept z a correct "o3 ',falsely d we judge ! hone/y & ! beauty ( an action f its usefulness4 ,equally wrong x is to conclude t ev]yone is b\nd to d ! same1 & t x is an hone/ action = ev]ybody1 if x be a useful "o4' ,n[1 ,montaigne endeav\rs to apply ?is ?\ght to ! in/itution ( m>riage2 & he desc5ds1 9 do+ s1 to ! foll[+ irrational argum5t3--',let u select ! mo/ necess>y & mo/ useful in/itution ( human society3 x is m>riage4 ,yet ! c\nsel ( ! sa9ts deems ! contr>y side to be m hone/2 ?us exclud+ ! mo/ v5]able vocation ( m54' ,! satire ( t fam\s sc5e 9 ',hamlet' is "h app>5t4 ,x w n[ be und]/ood :y ! ,dani% ,pr9ce comes ) a w>n+ to 8 belov$1 'n to admit hone/y 9 disc\rse ) beauty1' & :y 8 resolution is t 'we w h no m m>riage4' ,^? words ( ,hamlet1 too1 '?is 0 sometime a p>adox1 b n[ ! "t gives x pro(1' are easy ( explanation4 ,x 0 n yet s long ago t celibacy _h be5 aboli%$ 9 ,engl&4 ,! '"t' n[ confirms celibacy once m 9 ?is ,fr5* book4 ,mo/ *>act]i/ic is ! foll[+ passage3 9 ?is sc5e ! only new "o4 ,x goes f> to %[ ! int5tion ) :i* ! poet p>tly re-wr\ght ! play4 ,i mean ! words 9 :i* ,hamlet confesses to ,ophelia t he has deceiv$ h]4 ,! rep5tant s9n] says3 ',y %\ld n h believ$ me3 = virtue _c s inoculate our old /ock b we %all reli% ( x4' ,c a poet :o w n conv]t ! /age into a !ological ,hall ( ,controv]sy1 make ! s\l-/ruggle ( 8 h]o m compreh5sible8 ,hamlet has hone/ly tri$ 7we h se5 ) :at means7 to inoculate & improve ! s9ful 'old /ock4' ,b h[ f> away he /ill feels himself f 8 aim6 ,he calls himself 'pr\d1 rev5geful1 ambiti\s4' ,^! are ! ?ree s9s ( :i* he mu/ accuse himself1 :5 li/5+ to ! voice ( ,nature :i* admoni%es him to fulfil ! duty ( 8 life--! de$ ( blood--t inn] voice ( 8 nobl] nature :i* impels him to seize ! cr[n 9 ord] to guide ! de/9ies ( 8 c\ntry2 giv5 ov]1 z ! latt] is1 to ! mis*iev\s :ims ( a villa94 ,yet he cries out aga9/ ,ophelia1 ',we are arrant knaves all2 believe none ( u6' ,he reproa*es ?is daught] ( ,eve ) h] own weaknesses & ! great numb] ( h] s9s 9 words rem9d+ u ( ,isaiah1 #ad :]e ! wantonness ( ! daught]s ( ,zion is reprov$4 ,he1 ! ascetic1 calls out to 8 mi/ress3 ',g ?y ways to a nunn]y6444 ,:y w\ld/ ?\ be a bre$] ( s9n]s8' ,let u he> :at 8 mi/ress says ab\t him4 ,?is passage also1 expla9+ ,hamlet's madness1 is new3-- ,n[ see t noble & mo/ sov]eign reason1 ,l sweet bells jangl$1 out ( tune & h>%2 ,t unmat*$ =m & feature ( bl[n y\?1 ,bla/$ ) ec/asy4 #ae ,) :at o!r ^w c ,hamlet's passionate utt]ances be designat$ ?an t ( religi\s ec/asy8 ,f ! fir/ mom5t :5 he sees ,ophelia1 & prays h] to rememb] 8 s9s 9 h] 'orisons1' d[n to ! la/ mom5t :5 he leaves h]1 bidd+ h] to g to a nunn]y1 !re is me?od 9 8 madness--! me?od ( ^? dogmas :i* br& nature & humanity z s9ful1 ^: impulses !y d n endeav\r to lead to high] aims1 b :i*1 by c]ta9 my/]ies & =mulas1 !y pret5d to be able to ov]come4 ,! s\l-/ruggle ( ,hamlet arises f 8 divid$ m9d2 an inn] voice ( ,nature call+1 on ! "o h&3-- ,let n ! royal b$ ( ,d5m>k be ,a c\* = luxury & damn$ ince/2 :il/ ano!r voice calls out t1 h[soev] he pursues 8 act1 he %\ld n 'ta9t 8 m9d4' ,9 ! ,engli% translation ( ! ',hy/orie ( ,hamblet1' f :i* ,%aksp]e took 8 subject1 ! art ( dissembl+ is extoll$1 9 mo/ naive language1 z "o specially useful t[>ds great p]sonages n easily accessible to rev5ge4 ,he :o w\ld ex]cise ! arts ( dissembl+ 7x is said !re7 mu/ be able to 'kisse 8 h& :ome 9 he>te hee c\ld wi%e an hundr$foot dep? "u ! e>?1 s hee mighte nev] see him m1 if x 7 n a ?+ :olly to bee dislik$ 9 a ,*ri/ian1 :o by no meanes ought to h a bitt] gall1 or desires infect$ ) rev5ge4' ,we %all f9d lat] on t ,hamlet's gall also claims its rights2 all ! m s z he endeav\rs1 by an unnatural & sup]/iti\s use ( dogmatism1 to suppress & to drive away ! 'excitem5ts ( ! reason & ( ! blood4' ,we h he>d f ,polonius t ! ,pr9ce1 aft] 8 'sadness1' fell into a 'fa/4' ,& ev]y?+ he says to 8 s*oolfell[s ,ros5crantz & ,guild5/]n #af ab\t 8 frame ( m9d1 confirms u 9 ! belief t he has rema9$ fai?ful to ! int5tion decl>$ 9 ! fir/ act--',look y1 ,i w g pray'--s z to prep>e himself1 l _m o!rs1 to contemplate passively a _w s9ful f its v nature1 & !re=e n to be *ang$ & bett]$4 ,?is sc5e is1 9 ! fir/ qu>to1 a m]e ha/y sket*1 b fa9tly indicat$4 ,9 ! second qu>to x is1 s to say1 a new "o2 & a comp>ison betwe5 ! two ne$1 !re=e1 n be in/itut$4 ,be=e 8 fri5ds ,ros5crantz & ,guild5/]n1 ,hamlet1 = a few mom5ts1 gives up 8 bra9-rack+ ?\ghts ( p5it5ce2 he ev5 endeav\rs to philosophise1 z he may h done at ! ,univ]sity ( ,witt5b]g be=e he all[$ himself to be lur$ into dreaml&4 ,he utt]s a ?\ght--',!re is no?+ ei!r good or bad1 b ?9k+ makes x s'--:i* occurs 9 an ,essay ( ,montaigne1 & is ?us giv5 by ,florio 7#abg73-- ',if t :at we call evil & torm5t be nei!r torm5t nor evil1 b t our fancy only gives x t quality1 is x 9 u to *ange x8' #ag ,hamlet !n pictures 8 m5tal condition 9 words ( deepe/ s9c]ity4 ,9 ord] to fully und]/& ?is description1 we h once m to ref] to an ,essay ( ,montaigne1 #ah 9 :i* he ass]ts t man is n fur!r$ by 8 reason1 8 speculations1 8 passions2 t !y give him no advantage ov] o!r creatures4 ,a div9ely appo9t$ au?ority--! ,*ur*--conf]s ^u him '^? great advantages & odds he supposes to h ov] o!r creatures4' ,x is %e t seals to him ! pat5t & privilege :i* au?orises him to 'keep acc\nt bo? ( ! receipts & lay+s-out ( ! _w4' ,ay1 x is %e :o conv9ces him t '?is admirable sw++-r\nd ( ! heav5ly vaults1 ! et]nal light ( ^? con/ellations roll+ s nobly ov] our heads1 ! t]rible commotions ( ?is inf9ite ocean1 7 e/abli%$1 & h cont9u$ = s _m ages1 = 8 advantage & 8 s]vice4' ,to h] au?ority he mu/ :olly surr5d] himself2 by h] he mu/ all[ himself to be guid$4 ,& 9 do+ s1 x is 'bett] = u to h a weak judgm5t ?an a /rong "o2 bett] to be smitt5 ) bl9dness ?an to h "o's eyes op5 & cle>-sight$4' ,/riv+ to live up to simil> views1 ,hamlet 'lo/ all 8 mir?4' ,?is is ! cause ( 8 heavy disposition2 ( 8 hav+ '=egone all cu/om ( ex]cise'--s 't ?is goodly frame1 ! e>?1' seems to him 'a /]ile promontory1' a m]e place ( prep>ation = ga9+ ! next _w ?r\gh p5ance & pray]4 ,v]ily1 '?is brave o'erhang+ firmam5t1 ?is maje/ical ro( frett$ ) gold5 fire1' appe>s to him no bett] '?an a f\l & pe/il5t congregation ( vap\rs4' ,q 9 accordance ) su* t5ets :i* we ne$ n qualify by "n1 ,man1 to him1 is b a 'qu9tess5ce ( du/4' ,bo? man1 & /ill m s9ful woman1 displease ,hamlet4 ,yet he has n succe$$ 9 s :olly subjugat+ ,nature )9 himself z to be fully secur$ aga9/ h] importunate claims4 ,n[ we w\ld po9t out "h t ,montaigne #ai m5tions a tyrant ( antiquity :o 'c\ld n be> see+ trag$ies act$ 9 ! !atre1 f fe> t 8 subjects %\ld see him sob at ! mis=tunes ( ,hecuba & ,&roma*e--him :o1 )\t pity1 caus$ daily s _m p to be cruelly kill$4' ,aga91 ,montaigne #bj speaks ( actors1 m5tion$ by ,qu9ctilian1 :o 7 's deeply engag$ 9 a sorr[ful "p t !y wept ev5 aft] hav+ return$ to _! lodg+s2' :il/ ,qu9ctilian reports ( himself t1 'hav+ und]tak5 to move a c]ta9 passion 9 o!rs1 he _h ent]$ s f> into 8 "p z to f9d himself surpris$1 n only ) ! %$d+ ( te>s1 b also ) a pal5ess ( c\nt5ance & ! behavi\r ( a man truly weigh$ d[n ) grief4' ,hamlet has li/5$ to ! play]4 ,9 ! conclud+ monologue ( ! second act--:i* is twice z long 9 ! new qu>to--we are told ( ! effect produc$ ^u 8 m9d :5 see+ t an actor1 :o m]ely holds a mirror up to ,nature-- 444 b 9 a fiction1 9 a dream ( passion1 ,c\ld =ce 8 s\l s to 8 own conceit ,t f h] work+ all 8 visage wann'd4444 444 ,& all = no?+6--,= ,hecuba8 :il/ he 7,hamlet71 'a dull & muddy-mettl$ rascal1' #ba l ,john-a-dreams1 9 spite ( 8 /rong 'motive & ! cue = passion1' mi/ru/s !m & is afraid ( be+ guid$ by !m4 ,all at once1 ,hamlet feels ! weight & pressure ( a mode ( ?\ght :i* decl>es w> aga9/ ! impulses ( ,nature1 call+ man a born s9n]4 ,:o calls me villa98 444 444 ,gives me ! lie i' ! ?roat1 ,z deep z to ! lungs8 ,:o does me ?is8 ,ha6 ',s w\nds1#a ,i %\ld take x3 = x _c be4 ,b ,i am pigeon-liv]'d1 & lack gall ,to make oppression bitt]2 or ere ?is ,i %\ld h fatt$ all ! region kites ,) ?is slave's (fal4 #bb ,! feel+s ( ,hamlet1 until !n =cibly kept d[n1 n[ get ! ma/]y ov] him4 ,he gives v5t to !m 9 oa?s ( :i* he is himself at la/ a%am$1 :5 he comp>es himself to 'a v drab1 a scullion1' :o 'mu/ fall a-curs+4' ,he n[ w set to "w & get m natural evid5ce ( ! ,k+'s guilt4 ,he beg9s to ent]ta9 d\bts z to ^? my/ic views by :i* he meant to be guid$4 ,he mi/ru/s ! app>ition :i* he _h call$ an hone/ gho/ 7'true-p5ny'73-- ,! _s t ,i h se5 ,may be ! ,devil3 & ! ,devil ha? p[] ,to assume a pleas+ %ape4 ,yea1 p]haps ,out ( my weakness & my melan*oly1 ,z he is v pot5t ) su* spirits1 ,abuses me to damn me3 ,i'll h gr\nds ,m relative ?an ?is4 #bc ,ov] weakness ! ,devil is pot5t2 all fle% is weak4 ,:at mode ( ?\ght is ?is8 ,:at philosophy taught ?is doctr9e8 ,hamlet's weakness1 if we may believe ,polonius1 #bd has be5 br\ght on by fa/+ & wat*+4 ,ov] melan*oly1 too1 ! ,devil is p[]ful4 ,are we n "h 9 ! sombre atmosph]e ( ^? :o turn away _! reason f ideal aspirations2 :o d5\nce ! impulses ( nature z s9ful excitem5ts2 :o w\ld fa9 look ^u ! e>? z 'a /]ile promontory'--hav+ d>k dea? m be=e _! m9d's eye ?an beautiful life8 ,are su* ?\ghts n ! =]unn]s ( melan*oly8 ,hamlet's incessant ?\ghts ( dea? are ! same z ^? ( 8 model1 ,montaigne4 ,9 an ,essay1 #be entitl$ ',t to ,philosophise is to ,le>n h[ to ,die1' ! latt] expla9s t ! ,*ri/ian religion has no sur] basis ?an ! contempt = ! pres5t life1 & t we are 9 ?is _w only to prep>e ourselves = dea?4 ,8 imag9ation1 he says1 has occupi$ itself ) ^! ?\ghts ( dea? m ?an ) any?+ else4 ,ref]r+ to a say+ ( ,lykurgos1 he approves ( gravey>ds be+ laid out close to *ur*es & 9 ! mo/ frequ5t$ places ( a city1 s z to accu/om ! common p1 wom51 & *ildr5 n to be sc>$ at ! sight ( a dead p]son1 & to =ew>n ev]yone1 by ?is cont9ual spectacle ( bones1 tombs1 & fun]als1 z to our real condition4 ,montaigne also1 l ,hamlet1 pond]s ov] suicide4 ,he devotes a :ole ,essay #bf to x4 ,life1 he obs]ves1 w\ld be a tyranny if ! lib]ty to die 7 want+4 ,= ?is lib]ty1 he ?9ks1 we h to ?ank ,nature1 z = ! mo/ fav\rable gift :i*1 inde$1 deprives u ( all "r to compla9 ( our condition4 ,if--z ,boiocal1 ! ,g]man *iefta91 #bg said--e>? is want+ to u :]eon to live1 e>? is nev] want+ to u = dea?4 #bh ,t is ! wisdom ( ,montaigne1 ! admir] ( antiquity4 ,b ,montaigne1 ! mod]n man1 introduces ! ,essay 9 :i* he d>es to utt] su* bold ?\ghts ) ! foll[+ re/riction3-- ',if1 z x is said1 to philosophise be to d\bt1 ) mu* m reason to play pranks 7niais]7 & to rave1 z ,i d1 mu/ be to d\bt4 ,=1 to inquire & to discuss1 behoves ! disciples4 ,! decision belongs to ! *airman 7ca?drant74 ,my *airman is ! au?ority ( ! div9e w :i* regulates u )\t contradiction1 & :i* occupies its rank above ^? human & va9 disputes4' ,?is *airman1 z (t5 obs]v$1 by :i* ,montaigne's ?\ghts are to be guid$1 is an ecclesia/ic au?ority4 ,9 ',hamlet1' also1 x is a 'canon' #bi fix$ aga9/ self-slaught]1 :i* re/ra9s him f leav+1 out ( 8 own impulse1 ?is :ilom p>adise1 ?is 'unwe$$ g>d5' ( life4 ,montaigne1 ^: philosophy aims at mak+ u conv]sant ) dea? z ) a fri5d1 is yet t]rifi$ by x4 ,altoge!r1 he says1 he w\ld fa9 pass 8 life at 8 ease2 & if he c\ld escape f bl[s1 ev5 by tak+ refuge "u a calf's sk91 #cj he w\ld n be ! man :o w\ld %r9k f x4 ,9 a few graphic words ,%aksp]e br&s ?is c[>dly cl++ to life4 ,9 ! sc5e :]e ,hamlet gives to ,polonius no?+ m will+ly ?an 8 leave1 ! new qu>to 79 e o!r respect ! conclusion ( ?is sc5e is id5tical 9 bo? editions7 conta9s ^! additional words3--',except my life1 except my life1 except my life4' ,( ! 'calf's sk9' we he> 9 ! fir/ sc5e ( act v41 :]e ^? are call$ %eep & calves1 :o seek out assurance 9 p>*m5ts :i* are made ( %eep-sk9s & ( calves-sk9s too4 ,montaigne1 :o does n cease pond]+ ov] ! pale fell[1 ,dea?1 looks = consolation f ! anci5ts4 ,he takes ,sokrates z ! model ( all great qualities2 & he reproduces1 9 8 own mann]1 ! spee* ?is sage1 :o 0 fe>less ( dea?1 made be=e 8 judges4 ,fir/ ( all1 he makes him say t ! qualities ( dea? are unkn[n to him1 z he has nev] se5 anybody :o c\ld in/ruct him 9 !m4 ',^? :o fe> dea?1 presuppose t !y "k x4444 ,p]haps dea? may be an indiff]5t ?+2 p]haps a desirable "o4 ,h[ev]1 "o may believe t1 if x be a transmigration f "o place to ano!r1 x w be an amelioration 444 & free u f hav+ any m to d ) wick$ & corrupt judges4 ,if x be a consummation 7anantissem5t7 #ca ( our be+1 x is also an amelioration to ent] into a long & quiet night4 ,we f9d no?+ s sweet 9 life z a quiet re/--a tranquil & pr(\nd sleep )\t dreams4' ,n[ comp>e ! monologue1 ',to be or n to be1' ( ! fir/ qu>to ) ! "o conta9$ 9 ! second4 ,x w !n be se5 t ^? ,sokratic ideas1 r5d]$ by ,montaigne 9 8 own mann]1 h be5 work$ into ! fir/ qu>to4 ,9 ! latt] we he> no?+ at all ab\t ! end ( our be+ 7a complete de/ruction or consummation7 produc+ an amelioration4 #cb ,%aksp]e expresses ?is ?\ght by ! words t if we c\ld say t1 by a sleep1 we 'end ! he>ta*e & ! ?\s& natural %ocks t fle% is heir to--'tis a consummation dev\tly to be wi%$4' #cc ,ke5 comm5tators h po9t$ out ! contradiction 9 ,hamlet's monologue1 :]e he speaks (-- ,! undiscov]$ c\ntry f ^: b\rn ,no travell] returns1 :il/ he saw su* a travell] 9 8 fa!r's gho/4 ,c]ta9ly !re 7 !n1 ev5 z !re are n[1 besides ! logical ?9k]s1 also a consid]able numb] ( inconsi/5t p]sons :o believ$ 9 sup]naturally reveal$ messages1 & :o1 nev]!less1 n[ & !n1 felt contradictory ?\ghts ris+ )9 !mselves4 ,:y %\ld ! great ma/]1 :o exhau/$ 9 8 dramatic p]sonages almo/ all types ( human nature1 n h put su* a "* also on ! /age8 ,to ! poet1 ^: object x 0 to %[ 'to ! v age & body ( "t 8 =m & pressure' 7?is passage is want+ 9 ! fir/ qu>to71 ! pres5tation ( su* a psy*ological problem ( contradictory ?\ghts mu/ h be5 ( f> great] attraction ?an an anticipatory description ( a metaphysician a*+ "u ! heavy burd5 ( 8 philosophic speculations4 ,! latt] is ! "* attribut$1 by "s1 to ,hamlet4 ,b we ?9k t su* an utt]ly /range mod]n creature w\ld h be5 altoge!r incompreh5sible to ! en]getic ,engli% m9d ( ?is p]iod4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! drama1 ,%aksp]e makes x suffici5tly cle> t ! ?\ghts by :i* ,hamlet's 'native hue ( resolution is sickli$ o'er1' h come f ! n>r[ cells ( a sup]/iti\s ,*ri/ianity1 n f ! free use ( 8 reason4 ,accord+ to ,montaigne1 h[ev]1 we ought to 'use our reason only = /r5g!n+ our belief4' ,hamlet1 ) ,purgatory & ,hell1 into :i* he has ca/ a glance1 be=e 8 eyes1 w\ld fa9 fly1 l ,montaigne1 f !m4 ,9 8 ,essay ,i4 #ai #cd ! latt] says t our s\l mu/ be /eel$ aga9/ ! p[]s ( dea?2 '=1 z long z ,dea? fright5s u1 h[ is x possible to make a s+le /ep )\t fev]i% agitation8' ,hamlet z little atta9s ?is condition ( quiet equanimity z ! p5sive & pond]+ ,montaigne4 ,! latt]1 h[ev]1 speaks ( s\ls t "k no fe>4 ,x is true1 he has to g to ! anci5ts 9 ord] to meet ) ?is frame ( m9d4 ,quot+ ,horace #ce-- ,non vultus in/antis tyranni ,m5te quatit solida1 neque ,au/]1 ,dux inquieti turbidus ,adriae1 ,nec fulm9antis magna ,jovis manus-- he describes su* a s\l z be+ made 'mi/ress ov] h] passions & concupisc5ce2 hav+ become pro( aga9/ pov]ty & disgrace1 & all ! o!r injuries ( =tune4 ,let ^? :o c1 ga9 ?is advantage4 ,h]e9 lies true & sov]eign fre$om t all[s u to scorn =ce & inju/ice1 & to d]ide prisons & fett]s4' ,to a fri5d ) su* a s\l1 to a liv+ ,horace or ,horatio1 ,hamlet addresses himself4 ,horatio also is 8 fell[-/ud5t & fri5d f ! ,univ]sity days at ,witt5b]g1 & he has made ! views ( ! new philosophical s*ool q 8 own4 ,he does n tremble be=e ! fire ( ,purgatory & ,hell4 ,despis+ dea?1 he wi%es1 9 ! la/ sc5e1 to empty ! cup ( poison f :i* 8 fri5d ,hamlet has drunk1 9 ord] to foll[ him4 ,:5 ! latt] keeps him back1 ,horatio makes answ]-- ,i am m an antique ,roman ?an a ,dane4 ,hamlet1 tru/+ m to ?is firm] & truly antique "* ?an to 8 own1 reque/s ,horatio to aid him dur+ ! play-sc5e 9 wat*+ ! ,k+1 s z to procure m natural evid5ce ( 8 guilt4 ,?is s*ool-fri5d--h[ (t5 may he h philosophis$ ) him6--is to him z j a man ,z e'er my conv]sation cop$ )al4 ,! foll[+ passage1 #cf 9 :i* ,horatio's "* is describ$ by ,hamlet1 is want+ 9 ! fir/ qu>to3-- ,s9ce my de> s\l 0 mi/ress ( h] *oice1 ,& c\ld ( m5 di/+ui%1 h] election ,ha? seal'd !e = h]self2 = ?\ ha/ be5 ,z "o1 9 suff]+ all1 t suff]s no?+2 ,a man t =tune's buffets & rew>ds ,ha? ta'en ) equal ?anks3 & ble/ are ^? ,^: blood & judgm5t are s well comm+l$ ,t !y are n a pipe = ,=tune's f+] ,to s\nd :at /op %e please4 ,give me t man ,t is n passion's slave1 & ,i w we> him ,9 my he>t's core1 ay1 9 my he>t ( he>t1 ,z ,i d !e4 ,h[ ne> ^! words ( ,%aksp]e come to ^? ) :i* ,montaigne describes an intrepid man aft] ! poem ( ,horace6 ,b1 9 spite ( subtle reason+1 ! ,fr5* philosoph] _c fa?om ! cause :y he himself does n atta9 any m9d's ease1 & :y he has no pla9 & /raight=w>d faculty 7nulle facult simple7 )9 himself4 ,he once #cg uses ! expression1 ',we tr\ble dea? ) ! c>e ( life1 & life ) ! c>e ( dea?2' b he does n succe$ 9 firmly atta*+ himself to life ) all ! fibres ( 8 nature1 & ga!r+ /r5g? f ! "m-e>?1 l ,antaeus4 ,he oscillates betwe5 two antagoni/ic views1 & feels unable to decide = ei!r ! "o or ! o!r4 ,we h expla9$ ! elem5ts ( :i* ,hamlet's complex "* is made up4 ,he is an adh]5t ( old sup]/itions & dogmas2 he believes 9 ,purgatory1 a ,hell1 & a ,devil1 & 9 ! miracul\s p[]s ( confession1 holy communion1 & ! extreme unction4 ,yet1 to "s degree1 he is a ,humani/1 & w\ld fa9 grant to ,nature c]ta9 rights4 ,sc>cely has he yield$ to ! impulses ( 8 blood1 ?an d\bts beg9 to rise 9 him1 & he beg9s to fe> ! ,devil1 :o might lure him into p]dition4 ,?is inn] discord1 creat+1 z x does1 a mi/ru/ 9 8 own self1 induces him1 9 ! mo/ important task ( 8 life1 to appeal to ,horatio4 ,to him he says t1 if ! ,k+'s occult$ guilt does n come out 7'unk5nel itself'71 he 7,hamlet7 w look ^u ! app>ition z a damn$ gho/1 & 7?is is new7 w ?9k t 8 'imag9ations are z f\l z ,vulcan's /i?y4' #ch ,by ! int]lude1 ,hamlet--& 9 ?is he is confirm$ by ,horatio--becomes conv9c$ ( ! ,k+'s guilt4 ,all t he !reupon does is--to recite a little ditty6 ,we h already made ! acqua9tance ( ,montaigne ! s(t-he>t$1 :o1 z above m5tion$1 always 0 t\*$ :5 see+ innoc5t animals hunt$ to dea?1 & :o felt mu* emotion at ! te>s ( ! h>t ask+ u = m]cy4 ,at ! same "t we h direct$ ! read]'s att5tion to ! fact ( 8 hav+ said t ! 'common weal requires "s to betray1 "s to lie1 & "s to massacre1' #ci & t ?is task mu/ be left to ^? :o are ready to sacrifice _! hon\r & _! consci5ce1 & t m5 :o d n feel up to su* de$s mu/ leave _! commission to ! /rong] ones4 ,?is ,fr5* nobleman navely av[s t he has resolv$ ^u )draw+ into private life1 n because he is av]se to public life--= ! latt]1 he says1 w\ld 'p]haps equally suit him'--b because1 by do+ s1 he hopes to s]ve 8 ,pr9ce all ! m joyfully & all ! m s9c]ely1 ?us foll[+ ! free *oice ( 8 own judgm5t & reason1 & n submitt+ to any re/ra9t 7obligation p>ticulire71 :i* he hates 9 e %ape4 ,& he adds ! foll[+ curi\s moral doctr9e3--',?is is ! way ( ! _w4 ,we let ! laws & precepts foll[ _! way1 b we keep ano!r c\rse4' #dj ,:o c\ld mi/ake ,%aksp]e's satire aga9/ ?is s5tim5tal nobleman1 :o fights %y ( action1 9 mak+ ,hamlet recite a little ditty at a mom5t :5 he has become conv9c$ ( ! ,k+'s guilt3-- ,:y1 let ! /rick5 de] g weep1 ,! h>t ungall$ play2 ,= "s mu/ wat*1 :ile "s mu/ sleep3 ,?us runs ! _w away4 ,?is gift$ ,fr5*man1 ,montaigne1 0 a new1 a /range1 ph5om5on 9 ! eyes ( ,%aksp]e & 8 active & en]getic c\ntrym54 ,a man1 a nobleman too1 :o lives = no high] aim2 :o all[s himself to be driv5 ab\t1 rudd]less1 by 8 feel+s & incl9ations2 :o ev5 boa/s ( ?is m5tal disposition ( 81 & s5ds a va9 book ab\t x into ! _w6 ,:at is x to tea*8 ,:at good is x to d8 ,x gives m]e words1 beh9d :i* !re is no manly "*4 ,are !re yet m beaux esprits to arise :o1 9 ,epicurean fa%ion1 enjoy ! beautiful ?\ghts ( o!rs1 :il/ !y !mselves rema9 incapable = action1 lett+ ! "t g out ( jo9t8 ,let u fur!r /udy ! "* ( ,hamlet1 & we %all f9d t ! satire aga9/ ,montaigne becomes m & m /rik+--a v]itable hit4 ,! ,que5 asks = h] son4 ,be=e he fulfils h] wi% & comes to h]1 he utt]s a lullaby ( sup]/ition 7^! l9es are new71 :]e) to tide ov] ! excitem5t ( 8 nature3-- ',tis n[ ! v wit*+ "t ( night1 ,:5 *ur*y>ds yawn & hell itself brea!s out ,contagion to ?is _w3 n[ c\ld ,i dr9k hot blood1 ,& d su* bitt] bus9ess z ! day ,w\ld quake to look on4 ,hamlet1 always %r9k+ back f ! impulses ( 8 blood1 fe>s t ! ,devil might once m ga9 p[] ov] him3-- ,s(t6 n[ to my "m6 ,o he>t1 lose n ?y nature6 ,?is nature ( 81 incl9+ to mildness & g5tl5ess1 he wi%es to pres]ve1 & he resolves ^u be+ 'cruel1 n unnatural4' ,9 va9 "o seeks "h = logic1 & = ! b\nd>y betwe5 two words :i* to ord9>y common s5se appe> synonym\s4 ,9 ,montaigne1 h[ev]1 we discov] ! clue ( su* a s5seless argum5tation4 ,9 "o ( 8 ,essays1 #da :i* conta9s a confusion ( ideas t might well make ! humane ,%aksp]e %udd]1 he writes3-- ',our condition1 bo? public & private1 is full ( imp]fections2 yet !re is no?+ useless 9 ,nature1 n ev5 uselessness itself4444 ,our be+ is cem5t$ ) sickly qualities3 ambition1 jeal\sy1 envy1 v5geance1 sup]/ition1 despair dwell 9 u1 & hold !re s natural a possession t _! c\nt]feit is also recognis$ 9 bea/s2 = in/ance1 cruelty--s unnatural a vice4 ,yet he :o w\ld root out ! se$ ( ^! qualities f ! human brea/ w\ld de/roy ! fundam5tal conditions ( our life4' ,n[1 ,hamlet's resolution to be 'cruel1 b n unnatural1' is b a fre% satire aga9/ ,montaigne's tra9 ( ?\ghts1 :o w\ld fa9 be a ,humani/1 b :o does n break ) ! reason+ ( ,loyola & ( ! ,*ur*1 by :i* he p]mits himself to be guid$ z by ! compet5t au?ority1 & :i* tol]ates cruelty--nay1 ord]s its be+ employ$ = ! fur!rance ( :at x calls ! 'good aim4' ,! idea t cruelty is a necess>y b useful evil1 no d\bt induc$ ,montaigne #db to decl>e t to kill a man f a feel+ ( rev5ge is tantam\nt to our protect+ him1 = we ?us ')draw him f our attacks4' ,fur!rmore1 ?is ,humani/ argues t rev5ge is to be regrett$ if its object does n feel its int5tion2 =1 ev5 z he :o takes rev5ge int5ds to d]ive pleasure f x1 s he ^u :om rev5ge is tak5 mu/ p]ceive t int5tion1 9 ord] to be h>r[$ ) feel+s ( pa9 & rep5tance4 ',to kill him1 is to r5d] fur!r attacks aga9/ him impossible2 n to rev5ge :at he has done4' ,%aksp]e already gives ,hamlet an opportunity 9 ! foll[+ sc5e to prove to u t !re is no b\nd>y betwe5 cruel & unnatural conduct2 & t "o _c be cruel & yet rema9 natural4 ,9 ! mo/ tell+ words1 ! cause ( ,hamlet's want ( en]gy is sub/antiat$4 ,fate gives ! crim9al1 ! ,k+1 into ! h&s ( ,hamlet4 ,x is ! mo/ important mom5t ( ! drama4 ,a /roke ( ! sword w\ld be en\gh to d ! de$ ( rev5ge4 ,! cause :i* makes ,hamlet hesitate is1 t ! crim9al is engag$ 9 pray]1 & t-- ,he took my fa!r grossly1 full ( bread1 ,) all 8 crimes broad-bl[n1 z flu% z ,may2 ,& h[ 8 audit /&s1 :o kn[s save ,heav58 ,does ,hamlet1 !n1 n act ) ref9$ cruelty8 ,"h1 a new ?\ght is ins]t$1 :i* we m5tion$ already 9 ! beg9n+1 & :i* turns ! balance at ! decisive mom5t3-- ,b 9 our circum/ance & c\rse ( ?\ght ,x is heavy ) him4 #dc ,a ,%aksp]ean h]o1 ) drawn sword1 all[s himself to be re/ra9$ f action by ! ?\ght t1 because 'x is heavy' ) 8 own murd]$ fa!r1 :o is suff]+ 9 ,purgatory1 he 7,hamlet7 ought n to kill ! crim9al n[1 b lat] on1 :5 ! latt] is deeply wad+ 9 s9-- ,:5 he is drunk asleep1 or 9 8 rage1 444 ,& t 8 s\l may be z damn'd & black ,z ,hell1 :]eto x goes4 ,hamlet has be5 call$ a philosoph] ^: en]gy has be5 p>alys$ by too great a range ( ?\ght4 ,= ! sov]eignty ( human reason ?is is a mo/ dang]\s premiss4 ,d we n owe to ! full & free use ( t reason ev]y?+ great :i* mank9d has creat$8 ,hi/ory speaks ( a ?\s& h]oes 7only ?9k ( ,alex&]1 ( ,julius ,caes>1 ( ,fr$]ick ! ,great67 ^: do+s conv9ce u t a /rong p[] ( ?\ght & action c g h& 9 h&1 nay1 t ! latt] _c be successful )\t ! =m]4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 !re is a way ( ?9k+ ) preconceiv$ sup]natural conclusions--or r1 we mu/ call x an abs5ce ( ?9k+--:5 m5 all[ !mselves to be mov$ by ! circum/ances ( a traditional c\rse ( ?\ght4 ,aga9/ su* intellectual slav]y ! great c5tury ( ! ,re=mation rose4 ,& ! greate/ ,humani/1 ,%aksp]e1 sc\rges t slav]y 9 ! ca?>sis ( 8 p[]ful drama4 ,que/ions ( religion 7 n p]mitt$ to be treat$ on ! /age4 ,b n m]ely ! "o deeply intellig5t p]son = :om ,%aksp]e asks ! play]s to act1 & = :om ! great ma/] c]ta9ly endeav\r$ to write--no1 ! public at l>ge1 too1 w h und]/ood t ! 'c\rse ( ?\ght' :i* induc$ ,hamlet to =ego action f a subtle ref9em5t ( cruelty1 0 n ! c\rse ( ?\ght preval5t on ?is side ( ! ,*annel1 & held up1 9 ?is important sc5e1 z t ( a h]o to be admir$4 ,hamlet resolv$ ^u keep+ out ! s\l ( ,n]o f 8 'firm bosom4' 7,:at a satire !re is 9 ?is adjective 'firm'67 ,he means to be cruel1 b n unnatural2 he w 'speak dagg]s1 b use none4' ,a man :o lets himself be mov$ by extrane\s circum/ances is n 8 own ma/]4 ,9 cruel1 unnatural mann]1 = no object :atev]1 he murd]s poor ,polonius4 ,!n he beg9s to speak dagg]s 9 su* a mann] z to get into a p]fect ec/asy4 ,nor ne$ any prie/ h be5 a%am$ ( ! s]mon he prea*es to 8 own "m4 ,9 ! fir/ edition ( ',hamlet1' ! sc5e betwe5 "m & son is r l a sket* 9 :i* mo/ ?+s are m]ely indicat$1 n work$ out4 ,only ! "p ( ! ,gho/1 ) ! exception ( ! l9e3-- ,conceit 9 weake/ bodies /ronge/ works1 :i* is want+ 9 ! fir/ edition1 & ,hamlet's address to ! ,gho/1 are 9 bo? qu>tos ! same4 ,ev5 z 9 ! fir/ act1 s ?is "t also1 ,hamlet1 on see+ ! ,gho/1 calls ^u ! sa9ts3-- ,save me1 & hov] o'er me ) y\r w+s1 ,y heav5ly gu>ds6 ,?is 0 ! usual c\rse on ! occasion ( su* d\btful app>itions1 ( :i* "o did n "k :e!r !y 7 'airs ( heav5' or 'bla/s f hell4' ,a new int]calation is 79 ! fir/ qu>to !re is no ve/ige ( x71 t ,hamlet reproa*es 8 "m ) hav+ degrad$ 'sweet religion' to 'a rhapsody ( words2' t he says '! ,devil ha? conqu]$ h] at hoodman bl9d 2' t %e %\ld confess h]self to ,heav51 & 'assume a virtue if %e h x n2' t 'virtue itself ( vice mu/ p>don beg 9 ! fatness ( ^! pursy times1 yea1 curb & woo1 = leave to d him good4' ,s also is ! ,que5's "q new3-- ,ay me1 :at act1 ,t ro>s s l\d1 & ?und]s 9 ! index8 #dd ,!re is no trace1 9 ! fir/ qu>to1 ( ! foll[+ mo/ *>act]i/ic ?\ghts3-- ,=1 use almo/ c *ange ! /amp ( ,nature #de ,& ei!r curb 787 ! ,devil1 or ?r[ him out ,) wondr\s pot5cy4444 ,& :5 y are desir\s to be ble/1 ,i'll bless+ beg ( y4 ,let u figure to ourselves be=e :at public ,hamlet fir/ saw ! w&]] f ,purgatory2 be=e :at y\? he bade ,ophelia g to a nunn]y2 be=e :at m5 he rema9$ inactive at ! critical mom5t simply because ! crim9al is engag$ 9 8 pray]s1 :il/ 8 own murd]$ fa!r di$ )\t ,holy ,communion1 )\t hav+ confess$ & receiv$ ! ,extreme ,unction4 ,let u rememb] be=e :at audi5ce he purposely made ! ?und]s ( ! ,index ro> s l\d2 at :at place he gets into ec/asy2 & :]e he fir/ prea*es to 8 "m t ! ,devil may be ma/]$ & ?r[n out4 ,"h1 c]ta9ly1 we h que/ions ( religion6 ,%aksp]e's g5ius has kn[n h[ to transport ^! mo/ important que/ions ( 8 "t1 away f ! %rill contact ) contempor>y disputes1 into ! h>moni\s doma9 ( ! ,muses4 ,he1 & 8 fri5ds & patrons1 did n look ^u ! subjects discuss$ 9 ?is trag$y ) ! passionless1 indiff]5t eyes ( our c5tury4 ,_m m51 no d\bt1 7 fill$ ) ! ?\ght1 to :i* ,bacon soon gave a sci5tific =m1 t ! human m9d c only make true progress if x turns t[>ds ! inquiry into ,nature1 keep+ f> away f ! hamp]+ influ5ce ( transc5d5tal dogmas4 ,! lib]al1 intellectual t5d5cies ( ! ,re=mation 7 n yet fett]$ 9 ,engl& ) ! new dogmatic /rait wai/coat ( a n>r[-m9d$1 melan*oly sect4 ,& ,%aksp]e's views1 :i* he has embodi$ 9 ',hamlet1' 7 n 9 div9atory advance ( 8 age2 !y 7 easily compreh5sible to ! be/ ( 8 "t4 ,our *ief argum5t w be conta9$ 9 ! *apt] 9 :i* we %all he> ,%aksp]e's adv]s>ies laun* out furi\sly aga9/ ! t5d5cy ( ?is drama4 ,mean:ile1 we w exhau/ ! c\rse ( its action4 ,hamlet has already come v ne> to t po9t ( view :]e ,reason at la/ ceases to guide 8 conduct1 & :]e he becomes conv9c$ t indiscretion (t5 is ( bett] s]vice ?an deep plann+4 ,n[ 9 ,montaigne's ,essay #df already m5tion$ we read3--',:5 an urg5t circum/ance1 or any viol5t or unexpect$ accid5t ( ,/ate necessity1 induces a ,pr9ce to break 8 ^w & fai?1 or o!rwise =ces him out ( 8 ord9>y duty1 he is to ascribe t compulsion to a la% ( ,god's rod4' ,! passage 9 :i* ,hamlet consoles himself 9 reg>d to ! murd] committ$ aga9/ ,polonius is new3-- ,i d rep5t3 b heav5 ha? pleas$ x s1 ,to puni% me ) ?is1 & ?is ) me1 ,t ,i mu/ be _! sc\rge & m9i/]4 ,hamlet1 behold+ ! victim ( 8 indiscretion1 excuses himself ?us3-- ,i mu/ be cruel1 only to be k9d4 ,! cruel de$ he has done1 he palliates ) ! rem>k t lov+k9dness has =c$ him to x4 ,love ( h] ,god also =c$ ,ca!r9e ( ,m$icis to ! massacre ( ,/4 ,b>?olomew4 ,?us bad beg9s1 & worse rema9s beh9d4 ,yes2 worse is com+6 ,hamlet kn[s t he is to be s5t to ,engl&2 t ! lett]s are seal$2 t 8 two s*oolfell[s :om he tru/s z he w add]s1 be> ! m&ate4 ,:at does he d to prev5t fur!r mis=tune8 ,he rejoices t-- !y mu/ sweep my way1 ,& m>%all me to knav]y4 #dg ,he enjoys1 9 advance1 ! sweet pres5tim5t ( rev5ge :i* he int5ds tak+ ^u !m4 ,he lets ?+s g )\t h9drance3-- ,let x "w6 ,= 'tis sport to h ! eng9e] ,hoi/ ) 8 own pet>d4 ,he enjoys 8 own crafty policy :i* %all bl[ 8 s*ool-fri5ds1 ,ros5crantz & ,guild5/]n 7:o yet1 s f> z he kn[s1 h n be5 guilty 9 any way t[>ds him67 'at ! moon3'-- ,o1 'tis mo/ sweet ,:5 9 "o l9e two crafts directly meet4 ,because ,hamlet gives utt]ance to high-s\nd+ ?\ghts1 to s5tim5tal dreams1 & melan*oly subtleties1 x has be5 assum$ t 8 "* is "o n\ri%$ ) ! poet's own he>t's blood4 ,a ?\s& times ! noble s5tim5t ( duty has be5 dwelt ^u1 :i* x is alleg$ he is inspir$ )2 & on acc\nt ( 8 f9e words he has be5 m tak5 a fancy to ?an any o!r ,%aksp]ian figure4 ,b t 0 n ! poet's object4 ,great de$s 7 m to him ?an ! f9e/ words4 ,8 contempor>ies und]/ood him2 = ,montaigne--z we %all prove--0 giv5 ov] to ! l[e/ scorn ( ! age ?r\gh ',hamlet1' because ! :ole reason+ ( ,hamlet n only 0 a fruitless1 b a p]nici\s "o4 ,9 ! f\r? sc5e ( ! f\r? act1 ! poet describes ! frame ( m9d ( ! h]o be=e he /eps on bo>d %ip4 ',excitem5ts ( 8 reason & 8 blood' once m call him to rev5ge4 ,?is monologue1 9 :i* ,hamlet gives expression to 8 feel+s & ?\ghts1 is only 9 ! qu>to ( #afjd4 ,! folio ( #afbc does n conta9 x4 ,%aksp]e1 9 lat] ye>s1 may h ?\ght t ! s\l-/ruggle ( 8 h]o _h be5 end$2 & s he may h reg>d$ ! passage z a sup]flu\s "o1 9 :i* ,hamlet's bett] self once m asks him to seize ! re9s ( de/9y ) 8 own h&s4 ,he sees h[ "y ,=t9bras1 ! delicate & t5d] pr9ce1 'puff'd ) div9e ambition1 m\!s ! invisible ev5t = a piece ( l& n l>ge en\gh to hide ! sla94' ,hamlet philosophises t ! man :o uses n 8 god-l reason is b a bea/2 =-- --,he t made u ) su* l>ge disc\rse ,look+ be=e & aft]1 gave u n ,t capability & god-l reason1 ,to fu/ 9 u unus$4 ,we fur!r he> h[ ,hamlet reasons ab\t ! "q z to h[ 'to be rightly great4' ,all ! ?\ghts he produces1 seem to fl[ f ! p5 ( ! ,fr5* philosoph]4 ,9 ,essay ,,iii4 7#ac7 ( ,montaigne we read ! beautiful words t '! noble/ ma/]-"w ( man is to live = a purpose 7yivre d fropos71' &3--',! greatness ( ! s\l does n consi/ s mu* 9 draw+ upw>ds1 & hal+ =w>ds1 ?an 9 kn[+ h[ to range & to circumscribe itself4 ,x holds ev]y?+ to be great1 :i* is suffici5t 9 itself4 ,x %[s its sup]iority 9 m lov+ humble ?+s ?an em95t ones4' ,to ! maje/y ( ! human reason also1 ,montaigne1 9 spite ( 8 s (t5 condemn+ x1 kn[s h[ to r5d] ju/ice4 ,9 ,essay ,i4 7#dj7 he rem>ks3 ',%all we !n d>e to say t ?is advantage ( reason at :i* we rejoice s v mu*1 & out ( respect = :i* we hold ourselves to be lords & emp]ors ( all o!r creatures1 has be5 put into u = our torm5t8 ,:y /rive = ! k ( ?+s if we become m c[>dly !reby8 if we lose1 ?r\gh x1 ! re/ & ! tranquillity 9 :i* we %\ld be )\t x8 444 ,%all we use ! intellect t has be5 giv5 to u = our greate/ good1 to effect our ru92 combat+ ! designs ( ,nature & ! g5]al ord] ( ?+s :i* implies t ev]yone %\ld use 8 tools & means = 8 own conv5i5ce8' ,noble ?\ghts6 ,b x is n en\gh to play an ae/hetic game ) !m4 ,! en]getic ,engli% g5ius wi%es t !y %\ld regulate our life2 t we %\ld act 9 accordance ) !m1 s t no tragic complication %\ld =m itself1 :i* c\ld only be solv$ by ! ru9 & dea? ( ! innoc5t toge!r ) ! guilty4 ,! monologue concludes ?us3-- ,o1 f ?is "t =?1 ,my ?\ghts be bloody1 or be no?+ wor?6 ,nev]!less1 ,hamlet cont9ues 8 voyage4 ,! read] w rememb] t ,montaigne spoke ( an in/9ctive impulse ( ! w--a daimon--by :i* he (t51 & to 8 f9al advantage1 _h all[$ himself to be guid$1 s mu* s t su* /rong impulses might be attribut$ to div9e inspiration4 ,a daimon ( ?is k9d1 "u ^: influ5ce ,hamlet acts1 is describ$ 9 ! second sc5e ( ! fif? act4 ,! passage is want+ 9 ! fir/ qu>to4 #dh ,hamlet tells ,horatio h[ he lay 9 ! %ip1 & h[ 9 8 he>t !re 0 a k9d ( fight+ :i* w\ld n let him sleep4 ,?is h>ass+ condition1 ! result ( 8 unmanly indecision1 he depicts 9 ^! words3-- ,me?\ght ,i lay ,worse ?an ! mut9es 9 ! bilboes4 ,!n all at once 7h[ c\ld an impulsive mann] ( action be bett] describ$871 be=e he c\ld 'make a prologue to 8 bra9s1' ,hamlet lets himself be ov]come by su* a daimonic influ5ce4 ,he breaks op5 ! gr& commission ( o!rs1 =ges a seal ) a signet 9 8 possession1 becomes a murd]] ( two innoc5t m51 & draws ! evil conclusion !refrom3-- ,let u "k1 ,our indiscretion sometimes s]ves u well1 ,:5 our deep plots d pall2 & t %\ld le>n u1 ,!re's a div9ity t %apes our ends1 ,r\gh-hew !m h[ we w4 ,?is view we h already quot$ f ,essay ,,iii4 7#ab74 ,9 ,florio's translation 7#fcb73--',!re=e d our dessigns s (t5 misc>ry4444 ,! heav5s are angry1 & ,i may say envi\s ( ! ext5sion & l>ge privilege we ascribe to human wisdome1 to ! prejudice ( !irs3 & abridge !m s m unto u1 by s mu* m we endeav\r to amplifie !m4' ,hamlet takes ! tw(old murd] committ$ aga9/ ,ros5crantz & ,guild5/]n z little to he>t z ! 'indiscreet' de$ by :i* ,polonius 0 kill$4 ,!n ! consolation 0 suffici5t = him t lov+k9dness _h =c$ him to be cruel4 ,?is "t1 8 consci5ce is n t\*$1 because-- 't is dang]\s :5 ! bas] nature comes ,betwe5 ! pass & fell inc5s$ po9ts ,( mighty opposites4 ,) su* argum5tation e tyranny may be palliat$1 especially by ^? :o1 l ,hamlet1 ?9k t-- ,a man's life 's no m ?an to say ',"o4' ,yet ano!r peculi>ity ( ,montaigne's complex be+ is depict$ by ,%aksp]e 9 ! gravey>d sc5e4 ,he %[s u e side ( ?is :imsical "* :o says ( himself t he has no /ay+ p[] = any /&po9t1 b t he is driv5 ab\t by incalculable em]g5cies4 ,let u read a passage 9 ,essay ,,ii 7#ab71 & comp>e x ) ,hamlet's enigmatic conduct t[>ds ,la]tes4 ,montaigne describes himself 9 ^! s5t5ces3--',be+ ( a s(t & some:at heavy temp]am5t1 ,i h no great exp]i5ce ( ^? viol5t agitations :i* mo/ly come l a surprise ^u our m9d )\t all[+ x leisure to collect itself4' ,9 spite ( ! resi/ance--he fur!r says--:i* he endeav\r$ to (f]1 ev5 he1 h[ev]1 0 occasionally ?us seiz$4 ,he felt ^! agitations ris+ & gr[+ 91 & becom+ ma/] ov]1 himself4 ,z 9 drunk5ness1 ?+s !n appe>$ to him o!rwise ?an he usually saw !m4 ',i manife/ly saw ! advantages ( ! object :i* ,i s\ght aft]1 augm5t+ & gr[+2 & ,i felt !m becom+ great] & swell+ by ! w9d ( my imag9ation4 ,i felt ! difficulties ( my ent]prise becom+ easi] & simpl]1 my reason+ & my consci5ce draw+ back4 ,b1 t fire be+ gone1 all ( a sudd51 z ) ! fla% ( lightn+1 my m9d resum$ ano!r view1 ano!r condition1 ano!r judgm5t4' ,9 ?is mann] ,hamlet conducts himself t[>ds ,la]tes4 ,a great grief takes possession ( him :5 he he>s ( ! dea? ( ,ophelia3 he leaps1 l ,la]tes1 into h] grave2 he grapples ) him2 he w>ns him t1 ?\gh 'n spl5etive & ra%1' he 7,hamlet7 yet has 'some?+ dang]\s' 9 him4 7,he means ! daimon :i* s fatally impell$ him aga9/ ,ros5crantz & ,guild5/]n47 ,hamlet & ,la]tes wre/le1 b !y are p>t$ by ! att5dants4 ,hamlet beg9s boa/+1 9 high-fl[n language1 ( :at great ?+s he w\ld be able to d4 ,! ,que5 describes ,hamlet's rage 9 ^! words3-- ,& ?us a:ile ! fit w "w on him2 ,anon1 z pati5t z ! female dove1 ,:5 t h] gold5 c\plets are disclos$1 ,8 sil5ce w sit droop+4 #di ,9 ! meantime1 ! fire ) :i* ,hamlet's s\l _h be5 seiz$1 is gone1 l a fla% ( lightn+4 ,he *anges to ano!r po9t ( view--probably t "o accord+ to :i* ev]y?+ goes its way 9 compliance ) a heav5ly decree4 ,! little v]se he recites 9 p>t+3-- ,let ,h]cules himself d :at he may1 ,! cat w mew & dog w h 8 day1 q corresponds to su* a passive philosophy :i* has ga9$ ! ma/]y ov] him1 & to :i* he soon falls a victim4 ,we are approa*+ ! conclusion ( ! great drama4 ,"h1 aga91 9 ord] to expla9 ,hamlet's action1 or r 8 yield+ to influ5ces ar\nd him1 we h to direct ! att5tion ( ! read] to ,essay 7,,iii4 #aj71 9 :i* ,montaigne tells h[ easily he protects himself aga9/ ! dang]s ( inw>d agitation by dropp+ ! subject :i* ?reat5s to become tr\blesome to him be=e he is drawn on & c>ri$ along by x4 ,! d\ghty nobleman says t he has escap$ f _m difficulties by n /ak+ frivol\sly1 l o!rs1 happ9ess & hon\r1 life & ev]y?+1 on 8 'rapi] & 8 dagg]4' #ej ,!re may be "s tru? 9 ,montaigne's *>ge t ! cause ( n a few /ruggles he has se51 0 (t5 ( truly pitiful orig91 & t su* /ruggles 7 only c>ri$ on f a mi/ak5 feel+ ( self-respect4 ,x may be true also t x is a bad habit--z he ma9ta9s--to proce$ /ill fur!r 9 affairs ( ?is k9d simply because "o is implicat$4 ,b h[ /range a confession ( a nobleman f :om we at all times expect brav]y3 ',= want ( judgem5t our he>te fails u4' #ea ,hamlet is engag$ 9 su* a /ruggle ) ,la]tes ?r\gh ! gravey>d sc5e4 ,! ,k+1 :o has _h good cause to /udy ,hamlet's "* m deeply ?an anyone else1 reckons ^u 8 vanity 9 ord] to decide him to ! f5c+-mat*4 ',rapi] & dagg]' are =c$ ^u weak-will$ ,hamlet by ,osric4 #eb ,h[ subtle is ?is satire6 ,= appe>ance' sake1 9 ord] to out%9e ,la]tes1 ! ,pr9ce accepts ! *all5ge4 #ec ,happ9ess & life1 :i* he ought long ago to h risk$ = ! purpose ( av5g+ 8 fa!r & 8 hon\r1 are n[ /ak$ f %e] vanity4 ,! 'want ( prud5ce' ,hamlet displays 9 accept+ a *all5ge :i* he mu/ 'c>ry out f a 7mi/ak57 feel+ ( self-respect1' has ! 'intol]able' consequ5ce t1 %ortly be=e he crosses swords ) ,la]tes1 he confesses to ,horatio3--',b ?\ w\ld'/ n ?9k h[ ill all's "h ab\t my he>t4' ,aga91 ,%aksp]e1 v briefly1 b n less po9t$ly1 depicts ! way 9 :i* ,hamlet all[s himself to be influ5c$ & driv5 to a decision4 ,?is "t ! poet does s by br++ 9 a cle>ly express$ dogmatic t5et :]eby ,hamlet's fate is seal$4 ,x is 'ill all ab\t 8 he>t4' ,he w\ld pref] n go+ to meet ,la]tes4 #ed ,horatio4 ,if y\r m9d dislike any?+1 obey x4 ,i w =e/al _! repair hi!r1 & say y are n fit4 ,! fatali/ ,hamlet1 :om we h se5 com+ ev] clos] to ! doctr9e ( ,pr$e/9ation1 answ]s z foll[s3-- ',n a :it2 we defy augury2 !re is special provid5ce 9 ! fall ( a sp>r[4 #ee ,if x be n[1 'tis n to come2 if x be n to come1 x w be n[2 if x be n n[1 yet x w come2 ! read9ess is all4 ,s9ce no man has aught ( :at he leaves1 :at is't to leave betimes8 ,let be4' ,?is "t x is a ',let be6'--ev5 z x 0 a ',let x g' :5 he 0 s5t to ,engl&4 ,n[ let u read ,montaigne's ,essay1 #ef ',to ,philosophise is to ,le>n h[ to ,die3'-- ',our religion has _h no sur] human f\ndation ?an ! contempt ( life4 ,n only does ! c\rse ( our reason lead u t way2 =1 :y %\ld we fe> to lose a ?+ :i*1 :5 lo/1 _c be regrett$8--b also1 see+ t we are ?reat5$ by s _m k9ds ( dea?1 is x n a great] inconv5i5ce to fe> !m all ?an to endure "o8 ,:at does x matt] :5 ,dea? comes1 s9ce x is inevitable8444 ,moreov]1 nobody dies be=e 8 h\r4 ,! "t y leave beh9d 0 no m y\rs ?an t :i* 0 be=e y\r bir?1 & conc]ns y no m4' ,no fur!r comm5t is ne$$ to prove t ,hamlet's & ,montaigne's ?\ghts are 9 s close a connection t x _c be a m]e accid5t4 ,& ! ne>] we come to ! conclusion ( ! drama1 ! m /rik+ become ,%aksp]e's satirical hits4 ,hamlet all[s 8 h& to be put into t ( ,la]tes by ! ,k+4 ,he does n ?9k ( ! wrong he has done to ,la]tes--( ! murd] ( ! latt]'s fa!r1 or ! unhapp9ess he has crim9ally br\ght ^u ,la]tes' si/]4 ,9 mo/ c[>dly mann]1 hop+ t ,la]tes w\ld desi/ f ! combat1 ,hamlet endeav\rs to excuse 8 conduct at ! grave ( ,ophelia1 by plead+ 8 own madness4 ,la]tes insi/s on ! combat2 add+ t he w\ld /& alo( 'till by "s eld] ma/]s ( kn[n hon\r' ! decision 7 giv54 ,hamlet av5ges ! dea? ( 8 fa!r2 he kills ! crim9al1 ! enemy1 :5 8 wra? is up & aflame1 & e muscle ( 8 is swell$ ) indignation--b x is too late4 ,toge!r ) himself1 he has dragg$ !m all into ! grave4 ,x is bl9d passion1 unbridl$ by reason1 :i* does ! de$3 a sublime satire ^u ! words ( ,montaigne 9 ,essay ,,ii4 7#ab71 't ! mo/ beautiful actions ( ! s\l proce$ f1 & h ne$ (1 ?is impulse ( passion2 val\r1 !y say1 _c become p]fect )\t ! help ( wra?2 & t nobody pursues ! wick$ & ! enemies ) suffici5t en]gy1 except he be ?or\ghly 9 ang]4' ,ev5 ! k9d ( dea? by :i* ,%aksp]e makes ,hamlet lose 8 life1 looks l a satire aga9/ ,montaigne4 ,! latt]1 always a c[>d 9 reg>d to dea?1 & cont9ually pond]+ ov] x1 says3 #eg--';,i w\ld r h *os5 to dr9k ! potion ( ,sokrates ?an w\nd myself z ,cato did4' ,_! 'virtu\s de$s' he calls #eh 'va9 & fruitless ones1 because !y 7 done f no love (1 or ob$i5ce to1 ! true ,creator ( all ?+s4' ,hamlet dies w\nd$ & poison$1 z if ,%aksp]e _h int5d$ express+ 8 abhorr5ce ( s vacillat+ & weak-will$ a "*1 :o places ! trea*]\s excesses ( passion above ! p[] ( t human reason 9 ^: free s]vice alone ,greeks & ,romans did _! mo/ exalt$ de$s ( virtue4 #ei ,! subtlety ( ! be/ psy*ologi/s has endeav\r$ to fix ! limits ( ,hamlet's madness1 & to f9d ! prop] "n = x4 ,no agreem5t has be5 arriv$ at4 ,we ?9k we h solv$ ! problem z to ! nature ( ,hamlet's madness1 & to h %[n :y ?\ght & action1 9 him1 _c be br\ght into a satisfactory h>mony4 ,e fibre 9 ,%aksp]e's arti/ic m9d w\ld h rebell$ aga9/ ! idea ( mak+ a lunatic ! *ief figure ( 8 greate/ drama4 ,he wi%$ to w>n 8 contempor>ies t ! attempt ( reconcil+ two opposite circles ( ideas--namely1 on ! "o h&1 ! doctr9e t we are to be guid$ by ! laws ( ,nature2 & on ! o!r1 ! yield+ ourselves up to sup]/iti\s dogmas :i* decl>e human nature to be s9ful--mu/ inevitably produce de$s ( madness4 ,! ma9 traits ( ,montaigne's "* ,%aksp]e conf]s ^u ! ,dani% ,pr9ce1 & places him be=e a difficult task ( life4 ,he is to av5ge 8 fa!r's dea?4 7,montaigne 0 atta*$ to 8 fa!r ) all 8 s\l1 & speaks ( him almo/ 9 ! same words z ,hamlet does ( 8 own47 ,he is to pres]ve ! ,/ate ^: legitimate sov]eign he is4 ,! mat]ials = a satire are complete4 ,& x is writt5 9 su* a mann] z to rema9 ! noble/1 ! mo/ sublime poetical production z long z m5 %all live4 ,! two circles ( ideas :i* 9 ! c5tury ( ! ,re=mation began a /ruggle t is n yet br\ght to an end1 are1 9 t drama1 repres5t$ on ! /age4 ,! poet %[s1 by mak+ ! gift$ ,pr9ce p]i%1 on :i* side e s]i\s ?9k] ought to place himself4 ,t ^! int5tions ( ,%aksp]e 7 und]/ood by 8 m intellig5t contempor>ies & fri5ds1 we %all prove :5 we come to ! camp ( 8 adv]s>ies1 at ^: head a ,roman ,ca?olic /ood1 :o laun*es out 9 v m>k$ language aga9/ ! d]ision ( ,montaigne z conta9$ 9 ! "* ( ,hamlet4 ,! noblem5 :o w5t to ! !atre = ! sake ( ! intellectual attractions 7! fair] sex be+ /ill exclud$ f act+ on ! /age & !re=e n =m+ a po9t ( attraction7 7 initiat$ into ! inn]mo/ secret ( :at au?ors meant by _! productions4 ,dekk]1 9 8 ',gulls ,horn ,book' 7c4 #f71 reports t 'aft] ! play 0 ov]1 poets adj\rn$ to supp] ) knights1 :]e !y1 9 private1 unfold$ ! secret p>ts ( _! drama to !m4' ,z 9 no o!r ( 8 plays1 !re is 9 ,%aksp]e's ',hamlet'--! drama ri*e/ 9 philosophy--a p]fect weal? ( life4 ,argum5t is pitt$ aga9/ argum5t2 e turn ( a phrase is a missile1 %>p1 & hitt+ ! m>k4 ,9 n a few cases1 ! aim & object is no long] recognisable4 ,"h & !re we believe we %all be able to %$ ! light ( day ^u "s d>k passages ( ! pa/4 ,to ! d\ghty fri5ds ( ,%aksp]e1 ?is ,fr5* ,knight ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 :o says #fj t1 if 8 fre$om 7 9 ! lea/ encroa*$ ^u1 or 'if ! laws "u :i* he lives ?reat5$ m]ely ! tip ( 8 f+]1 he w\ld at once betake himself to any o!r place to f9d bett] ones2' b :o yet lets ev]y?+ ar\nd him g out ( jo9t )\t (f]+ a help+ h& = repair1 because '! ma9t5ance ( ,/ates is probably some?+ beyond our p[]s ( und]/&+' #fa--v]ily1 to ,%aksp]e's d\ghty fri5ds1 su* a specim5 ( humanity z ,montaigne mu/ h be5 q a new & /range ph5om5on4 ,!y 7 *ildr5 ( an age :i* a*iev$ great ?+s because its nobl] natures will+ly suff]$ dea? :5 ! ideals ( _! life 7 to be realis$4 ,9 !m1 ! fire ( en?usiasm ( ! fir/ ,re=mation1 ( ! glori\s "t ( ,elizabe?1 0 /ill gl[+4 ,!y en]getically *ampion$ ! cause ( ,humanism4 ,! sublime conceptions ( _! epo* 7 n yet m>r$ by t d>k & gloomy set ( m5 ^: mis*iev\s memb]s 7 j beg9n+ to hat* _! hidd5 plans 9 ! mo/ remote manors ( ,engl&4 ,! fri5ds ( ,%aksp]e well und]/ood ! true mean+ ( ,hamlet's words3 #fb--',:at %\ld su* fell[s z ,i d crawl+ betwe5 e>? & heav58' #fc ,!y easily seiz$ ! gi/ & po9t ( ! answ] giv5 to ! ,k+'s "q3 #fd--';,h[ f>es our c\s9 ,hamlet8' :5 ,hamlet replies3-- ,excell5t1 i' fai?2 ( ! *ameleon's di%6 ,surely1 "s ( !m _h read ! ,essay ',on ! ,inconsi/5cy ( our ,actions1' & _h smil$ at ! passage3-- ',our ord9>y mann] is1 to foll[ ! incl9ation ( our appetite--?is way1 t way2 upw>ds1 d[nw>ds2 ev5 z ! w9d ( ! occasion drives u4 ,we nev] ?9k ( :at we w\ld h1 b at ! mom5t we w\ld h x2 & we *ange l t animal 7! *ameleon7 ( :i* x is said t x takes ! col\r ( ! place :]e x is laid d[n4' #fe ,%aksp]e's tea*+ is1 t if ! nobl]-gift$ man :o /&s at ! head ( ! commonweal?1 all[s himself to be driv5 ab\t by e w9d ( ! occasion1 in/ead ( fur!r+ 8 bett] aims ) all 8 /r5g? & en]gy ( w1 ! wick$1 on _! "p1 w all ! m easily c>ry out _! own ends4 ,he !re=e makes ! ,k+ say3 #ff-- ,t we w\ld d1 ,we %\ld d :5 we w\ld2 = ?is 'w\ld' *anges444 ,%aksp]e's fri5ds und]/ood ! allusion conta9$ 9 ! fir/ act1 aft] ! app>ition ( ! ,gho/1 :5 ,hamlet calls = 8 'tablets4' ,!y knew t ! mu*-scribbl+ ,montaigne 0 meant1 :o1 z he av[s1 _h s bad a memory t he c\ld n receive any commission )\t writ+ x d[n 9 8 'tablets' 7tablettes74 ,?is defect ( 81 ,montaigne m5tions ov] & ov] aga91 & may h be5 ! cause ( 8 _m mo/ ludicr\s contradictions4 #fg ,aft] ,hamlet has writt5 d[n ! important fact t '"o may smile1 & smile1 & be a villa9--at lea/1 ,i am sure x may be s 9 ,d5m>k1' he exclaims3--',n[ to my ^w6' ,t '^w' und\bt$ly consi/s ( ! admonition address$ to him by ! ,gho/1 t ,hamlet1 aft] hav+ he>d 8 duty1 also %\ld fulfil x--t is3-- ',s art ?\ to rev5ge1 :5 ?\ %alt he>4' ,b he only recollects ! la/ words ( ! ,gho/2 & ,hamlet's p>ole1 !re=e1 is only ?is3-- ,adieu1 adieu1 adieu6 ,rememb] me6 ,! value ( ,montaigne's book is h>%ly treat$ 9 ! second sc5e ( ! second act4 ,to ! "q ( ,polonius z to :at he is read+1 ,hamlet replies3--',words1 words1 words6' ,inde$1 ,%aksp]e did n ?9k x fair t '! satirical rogue' %\ld fill ! pap] ) su* rem>ks 7:ole ,essays ( ,montaigne consi/ ( simil> useless prattle7 z 't old m5 h grey be>ds2 t _! faces are wr9kl$2 _! eyes purg+ ?ick amb] & plum-tree gum2 & t !y h a pl5tiful lack ( wit1 toge!r ) mo/ weak hams4' #fh ,! ideas ( ,%aksp]e z to ! duties ( a writ] 7 diff]5t1 inde$1 f ! cont5ts ( ! book :i* ,hamlet *>act]ises by 8 exclamation4 ,z to ,polonius' answ]3 ',?\gh ?is be madness1 yet !re's me?od 9 x1' ! public _h no difficulty 9 f9d+ out :at 0 meant by t 'madness1' & to :om x appli$4 ,:at may ! great ma/] h ?\ght ( an au?or :o1 z ,montaigne does1 jots d[n ev]y?+ 9 kaleidoscopic mann]1 j z *angeful accid5t br+s x into 8 head8 ,9 ,essay ,,iii4 7#b7 we read3-- ',i _c get a fix$ hold ( my object4 ,x moves & reels z if ) a natural drunk5ness4 ,i j seize x at "s po9t1 su* z ,i f9d x at ! mom5t1 :5 ,i amuse myself ) x4 ,i d n describe its ess5ce1 b its volatile passage 444 f "o m9ute to ! o!r4' ,else:]e he prides himself on 8 me?od ( be+ able to write z long z !re is pap] & ink4 ,hamlet says to ! play]s3 ',we'll e'en to x l ,fr5* falcon]s3 fly at any?+ we see4' ,montaigne's mann] ( spy+ out & p\nc+ ^u ?+s _c be bett] depict$ ?an by comp>+ x ) a ,fr5* falcon]'s mann]4 ,9 ! fir/ act already1 ,hamlet1 aft] ! gho/-sc5e1 answ]s ! fri5ds :o approa*1 ) ! holla-call ( a falcon]3-- ,hillo1 ho1 ho1 boy2 come1 bird1 come6 ,fur!rmore1 ,hamlet says 9 act ii4 sc4 #b3--';,i am b mad nor?-nor?-we/4 ,:5 ! w9d is s\!rly1 ,i "k a hawk f a h&%aw 7h]on%aw674' ,n[1 ! nor?-we/ w9d w\ld drive ,montaigne back into 8 native prov9ce1 ,p]igord1 :]e1 v likely accord+ to ,%aksp]e's view1 he ought to h rema9$ ) 8 %am logic4 ,! s\? w9d1 on ! contr>y1 br+s ! able falcon] to ,engl&4 ,! latt] possesses su* a p5etrat+ glance = ! nature ( ?+s z to be able to di/+ui% ! bird 7! h]on%aw7 t is to be pursu$ f ! hawk t has be5 unhood$ & ca/4 ,9 ! second sc5e ( ! fif? act1 betwe5 ,hamlet & ,horatio 7to ! weak-m9d$ ,osrick ! words spok5 !re are incompreh5sible71 ! excell5t qualities ( ,la]tes are app>5tly judg$4 #fi ,?is :ole discussion is meant aga9/ ,montaigne2 & 9 ! fir/ qu>to ! *ief po9ts are want+4 ,florio calls ,montaigne's ,essays ',moral1 ,political1 & ,milit>y ,disc\rses4' #gj ,osrick praises ! qualities ( ! cavali] :o has return$ f ,france2 & ,hamlet replies t 'to divide him inv5torily w\ld dizzy ! ari?metic ( memory4' ,! fur!r1 hi!rto utt]ly unexpla9$1 words 7'& yet b yaw nei!r 9 respect ( 8 quick sail'7 seem to h ref]5ce to ! sonnet #ga by :i* ! ?ird book ( ! ,essays is d$icat$ by ,florio to ,lady ,grey4 ,montaigne is prais$ !re9 "u ! guise ( ,talbot's "n1 :o1 '9 peace or w>1 at sea or l&1 = pr9ces' s]vice1 c\ntries' good1 sweetly sails be=e ! w9d4' ,9 act ii4 sc4 #b1 ! nor?-nor?-we/ & ! s\? w9d 7 already allud$ to1 :i* are said to influ5ce ,hamlet's madness4 ,! translators & admir]s ( ,montaigne are meant :5 ,hamlet says t 'to make true diction ( him1 8 semblable' mu/ be '8 mirror2 &1 :o else w\ld trace him1 8 umbrage--no?+ m4' ,t is1 "o mu/ be ,montaigne1 or become 8 absolute admir]1 '8 umbrage1' '8 semblable1' 9 ord] to d ju/ice to him4 ,! :ole sc5e is full ( allusions1 easily expla9able f ! po9t ( view we h indicat$4 ,s also1 ! ref]5ce to self-k 7'to "k himself7 --an art :i* ,montaigne nev] le>nt & ! 'two weapons' ) :i* he fights1 are full ( deep mean+4 ,x 0 probably no small numb] ( m5 t took delight 9 ! ,fr5* essayi/4 ,no d\bt1 ! je/ ( ! grav$igg] is direct$ aga9/ !m1 :5 he says t if ! mad ,hamlet does n recov] 8 wits 9 ,engl&1 x is no great matt] !re1 because !re ! m5 are z mad z he4 ,montaigne1 especially 9 ,essay ,,iii4 7#b7 & ,,iii4 7#e71 br+s =w>d indec5cies ( ! mo/ %ameless k9d4 ,we q be> 9 m9d :at p]iod x 0 :5 he wrote4 ,our mann]s & ideas are totally diff]5t f ^? ( ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,b :at indignation mu/ ,%aksp]e h felt--he :o _h already creat$ 8 noble/ female *>act]s1 ,hel5a & ,olivia2 & :o _h sung 8 paean ( love1 ',romeo & ,juliet'--:5 he read ! ideas ( ! ,fr5* nobleman ab\t love & wom56 ,n[h]e1 & on no occasion1 does ,%aksp]e 9 8 dramas1 9 spite ( phrases :i* to-day we qualify z obsc5e ones1 l[] ! ideal ( ! womanly "*--( ! ewig ,weibli*e4 ,b let u read ,montaigne's view3 #gb-- ',i f9d t love is no?+ else ?an a ?ir/ ( enjoy+ a desir$ subject2 nor t ,v5us is any?+ else b ! pleasure ( empty+ "o's sem9>y vessels1 simil> to ! pleasure :i* ,nature has giv5 u 9 dis*>g+ o!r p>ts4' ,n[1 ?is significant quality also1 ( say+ indec5cies )\t %ame1 ,hamlet has 9 common ) ,montaigne4 ,no "* 9 ,%aksp]e's dramas uses su* language z ,hamlet2 & 9 ?is case1 let x be obs]v$1 x is n us$ betwe5 m51 b t[>ds ! belov$ "o6 ,we %all rem>k ^u 8 relations ) ,ophelia lat] on4 ,! frivol\s ,montaigne speaks ( love z "o might d ( a good di% to be enjoy$ at e degree ( age1 accord+ to ta/e & incl9ation4 ,9 ,essay ,,iii47#d7 we le>n h[1 9 8 y\?1 '/&+ 9 ne$ ( a vehem5t div]sion = ! sake ( di/raction1 he made himself amor\s by art & /udy4' ,else:]e he tells :at great ?+s he 0 able1 z a "y man1 to a*ieve 9 ?is l9e4 #gc ,he1 !re=e1 does n agree ) ! sage :o praises age because x frees u f voluptu\sness4 #gd ,he1 on ! contr>y1 says3--',i %all nev] take k9dly to impot5ce1 :atev] good x may d me4' ,montaigne1 ! old & "y lov]1 is la%$ 9 act v4 sc4 ,i1 9 disfigur$ v]ses ( a song sung by ! grave-digg]1 :i* dates ab\t f ! ye> #aeeg1 & at ,%aksp]e's "t probably 0 v popul>4 ,9 ! orig9al1 :]e ! image ( dea? is meant to be repres5t$1 an old man looks back 9 rep5tance1 & ) great av]sion1 ^u 8 y\?ful days :5 he f\nd pleasure 9 love4 ,! orig9al v]se /ood ?us3-- ,i lo! t ,i did love1 ,9 y\? t ,i ?\ght swete1 ,z "t requires = my behove1 ,me?9ks !y are n mete4 ,until n[1 no s5se c\ld be made ( ! fir/ v]se :i* ! grav$igg] s+s4 ,x runs ?us3-- ,9 y\?1 :5 ,i did love1 did love1 ,me?\ght x 0 v sweet1 ,to contract1 ,,oh6 ! "t1 =1 ,,ah6 my behove1 ,o1 me?\ght1 !re 0 no?+ meet4 ,let x be obs]v$ :at /ress is laid on ! ',oh6'--! prop] "t1 & ! ',ah6'--! delight felt at ! mom5t ( enjoym5t4 ,! mean+ ( ! old v]se is *ang$ 9 su* a mann] z to %[ t old ,montaigne looks back ) pleasure ^u ! "t ( 8 dissolute y\?1 :il/ ! au?or ( ! orig9al text %r9ks back f x4 ,! second v]se #ge is a fur!r p]siflage ( ! old song4 ,its read+1 too1 is *ang$4 ,x is said !re t age1 ) 8 /eal+ /eps1 z claw$ ! lov] 9 8 clut* #gf & %ipp$ him into ! l& z if he 'nev] _h be5 su*4' ,by none has ! relation betwe5 ,ophelia & ,hamlet be5 bett] felt & describ$ ?an by ,goe!4 ,he calls h] '! good *ild 9 ^: s\l1 secretly1 a voice ( voluptu\sness res\nds4' ,hamlet :o--driv5 rudd]less by 8 impulse1 8 passion1 8 daimon1 f "o extreme to ! o!r--drags ev]y?+ t surr\nds him into ! abyss1 also de/roys ! future ( ! woman t might truly make him happy4 ,he dis[ns & rejects h] :om ,nature has =m$ = love4 ,at a mom5t :5 fanatical ?\ghts h ma/]$ 8 reason1 he bids h] g to a nunn]y4 ,once m we mu/ po9t to ! ,essay 9 :i* ,montaigne lays d[n 8 ideas ab\t woman & love4 ,fr5* ladies1 he says1 /udy ,boccaccio & su*-l writ]s1 9 ord] to become skilful 7habiles74 ',b !re is no ^w1 no example1 no s+le /ep 9 t matt] :i* !y d n "k bett] ?an our books d4 ,t is a k br$ 9 _! v ve9s 444 ,_h n ?is natural viol5ce ( _! desires be5 some:at bridl$ by ! fe> & a feel+ ( hon\r :]e) !y h be5 provid$1 we w\ld be di%on\r$ 7diffamez74' ,montaigne says he kn[s ladies :o w\ld r l5d _! hon\r ?an _! 'coa*4' #gg ',at la/1 :5 ,ophelia has no long] any p[] ov] h] own m9d1' says ,goe!1 'h] he>t be+ on h] tongue1 t tongue becomes a traitor aga9/ h]4' #gh ,9 ! sc5e ( ,ophelia's madness1 we he> songs1 ?\ghts1 & phrases probably caught up by h] f ,hamlet4 ,! ideal :i* man =ms ( woman1 is ! moral altitude on :i* %e /&s4 ,n[1 let ! language be call$ to m9d1 :i* ,hamlet1 be=e ! play]s' sc5e1 uses t[>ds 8 belov$6 ,ophelia's words3 ',come1 my coa* #gi' w be und]/ood f ! passage 9 ,montaigne above quot$4 ,! mean+ (3 ',oh1 h[ ! :eel becomes x6' has ref]5ce to a ?\ght develop$ by ,montaigne 9 ,essay ,,iii4 7#aa71 #hj :i* we _c r5d] "h1 z x is oppos$ to e feel+ ( dec5cy4 ,all comm5tators agree 9 ?9k+ t ! "* ( ,la]tes is 9 direct contra/ to t ( ,hamlet4 ,9 ! fir/ qu>to1 ! figure ( ,la]tes is b rapidly indicat$4 ,only t sc5e is work$ out :]e he cries out aga9/ ! prie/ :o w n foll[ 8 si/] to ! grave3-- ,a m9i/]+ angel %all my si/] be4 ,:5 ?\ lie/ h[l+4 ,9 ! second qu>to only1 we meet ) ! mo/ *>act]i/ic spee*es 9 :i* ! /rong-will$ ,la]tes1 #ha unm9dful ( any future _w1 calls = rev5ge ) e drop ( 8 indignant blood3-- ,to ,hell1 allegiance6 ,v[s1 to ! blacke/ devils6 ,consci5ce & grace1 to ! pr(\nde/ pit6 ,i d>e damnation4444 444 ,bo? ! worlds ,i give to neglig5ce1 ,let come :at comes 444 444 to cut 8 ?roat i' ! *ur*4 ,t passage1 too1 is new1 9 :i* ,ophelia's madness is expla9$ z ! consequ5ce ( blight$ love3-- ,nature is f9e 9 love1 & :]e 't is f9e1 ,x s5ds "s preci\s in/ance ( itself ,aft] ! ?+ x loves4 ,h] own reason1 :i* succumbs to h] love1 is ! preci\s tok54 ,9 ! same way1 ^? words are n 9 ! fir/ qu>to1 9 :i* ,la]tes gives v5t to ! oppress$ feel+s ( 8 he>t1 on he>+ ( ! dea? ( 8 si/]3-- ,nature h] cu/om holds1 ,let %ame say :at x w4 ,:5 ^! 7! te>s7 are gone1 ,! woman w be out4 ,all ^? beautiful precepts1 also1 :i* ,la]tes gives to 8 si/]1 are want+ 9 ! qu>to ( #afjc4 #hb ,hamlet is ! mo/ p[]ful philosophical production1 9 ! doma9 ( poetry1 writt5 at ! mo/ critical epo* ( mank9d--! "t ( ! ,re=mation4 ,! greate/ ,engli% g5ius recognis$ t x 0 ev]yone's duty to set a "t out ( jo9t to "r4 ,%aksp]e %[$ to 8 noble fri5ds a gift$ & noble man ^: life becomes a sc\rge = him & 8 surr\nd+s1 because he is n guid$ by manly c\rage & consci5ce1 b by sup]/iti\s notions & =mulas4 ,?is colossal drama ranges f ! ?orny1 f>-/ret*+ fields :i* man1 only tru/+ 9 himself1 has to "w ) ! sweat ( 8 br[1 to t wond]-l& ( my/]y-- ,:]e ^! good tid+s ( great joy are he>d4 #hc ,if ! pr9ciples t are f\ght out 9 ?is drama1 9 tragic conflict1 7 to be describ$ by cat*words1 we might say3 ,reason /&s aga9/ ,dogma2 ,nature aga9/ ,tradition2 ,self-,reliance aga9/ ,submission4 ,! great elem5t>y =ces are "h at issue1 :i* ! ,re=mation _h un*a9$1 & ) :i* we all h to reckon4 ,%aksp]e's lov+1 noble he>t beautifully does ju/ice to ! defeat$ ,hamlet by mak+ him be borne to 8 grave 'l a soldi]1' ) all ! hon\r+ 'rites ( w>4' ,! poet :o knew ! human he>t s well1 no d\bt _h se5 _m brave & gift$ m5 :o1 aft] hav+ be5 to ,witt5b]g's ,halls ( ,intellectual ,fre$om1 & become disciples ( ,humanism1 once m 7 turn$ into slaves ( dogmas :i*1 "u a new guise1 n less re/rict$ ! free use ( reason ?an ! t5ets ( ! old fai? _h done3-- ,sure1 he t made u ) su* l>ge disc\rse1 ,look+ be=e & aft]1 gave u n ,! capability & god-l reason ,to fu/ 9 u unus$4 ,! life ( ! mo/ gift$ rema9s fruitless if1 ?r\gh fe> ( :at may befall u 9 a future _w1 we crav5ly %r9k back f foll[+ ! dictates ( our reason & our consci5ce4 ,f !m we mu/ take ! m&ate & commission = ! task ( our life2 n f any my/]i\s mess5g]1 nor f any gho/ out ( ,purgatory4 ,on ! way to action1 no 'gobl9 damn$' mu/ be all[$ to cross our pa? ) 8 assum$ t]rors4 ,t :i* we feel to be "r we mu/ d1 ev5 if 'x be ! v wit*+ "t ( night1 & hell brea!s contagion into ! _w4' ,%aksp]e broke ) all antiquat$ doctr9es4 ,he 0 "o ( ! =emo/ ,humani/s 9 ! fulle/ & noble/ mean+ ( ! ^w4 #hd #a3 ,essay ,,ii4 #ab4 #b3 ,essay ,i4 #bf4 #c3 ,! :ole cont5ts ( ?is *apt] may be said to be cond5s$ into two l9es ( ,%aksp]e3-- ',!re are m ?+s 9 heav5 & e>?1 ,horatio1 ,?an are dreamt ( 9 y\r philosophy4' #d3 ,essay ,,iii4 #ac4 #e3 ,see ,bacon's ,essay ',( ,simulation & ,dissimulation1' :]e he says t 'dissimulation foll[e? _m times ^u secrecy by a necessity3 s t he t w be secret mu/ be a dissembl] 9 "s degree1' c4 #f3 ,! foll[+ are ,hamlet's modes ( assev]ation3-- ',angels & m9i/]s ( grace1' ',all y ho/ ( ,heav51' ',god's love1' ',god & m]cy1' ',god's will+1' ',help & m]cy1' ',god's love1' ',by ,/4 ,patrick1' ',god-a-m]cy1' ',by my fay 7ma foi71' ',s' blood 7,god's blood71' ',s' w\nds1' ',god's bodyk9s1' ',by'r ,lady1' ',p]dy 7,p>dieu71' ',by ! rood 7,cross71' ',heav5ly gu>ds1' ',= love & grace1' ',by ! ,"l1' ',pray ,god1' c4 #g3 ,new ,%aksp]e ,society 7,/ubbs1 ,abuses 9 ,engl&71 #ahgi1 p4 #aca4 #h3 ,act ii4 sc4 #b4 #i3 ,act ii4 sc4 i4 #aj3 ,?is description is want+ 9 ! fir/ qu>to4 ,! passages !re are ess5tially diff]5t2 !re is no allusion to ,hamlet's m5tal /ruggle4 #aa3 ,ab\t v>i\s allusions & satirical h9ts 9 ?is sc5e lat] on4 #ab3 ,florio1 #ba2 ,montaigne1 ,i4 ii4 #ac3 ,essay ,,iii4 i4 #ad3 ,isaiah1 *4 iii4 v4 #af4 #ae3 ,! ^w 'ec/asy1' :i* is (t5 us$ 9 ! new qu>to1 is want+ 9 ! fir/ edition :]e only madness1 lunacy1 fr5zy--! highe/ degrees ( madness--are spok5 (4 #af3 ,9 ! old play _! names are ',ros5cr(t' & ',guild]/one4' ,reynaldo1 9 ! fir/ qu>to1 is call$ ',montano4' ,?is *ange ( "n 9 a dramatis p]sona ( m9or importance indicates1 9 h[ev] a trifl+ mann]1 t ! int]e/ excit$ by ! "n ( ,montaigne 7to :i* ',montano' comes rem>kably ne> 9 ,engli% pronunciation7 0 n[ to be conc5trat$ on ano!r po9t4 #ag3 ,essay ,i4 #dj4 #ah3 ,,ii4 #ab4 #ai3 ,essay ,,ii4 #bg1 p4 #adb4 #bj3 ,essay ,,iii4 #d1 p4 #chd4 #ba3 ,r %>p translations ( songe-creux1 z ,montaigne calls himself 7,florio1 i4 #ai1 p4 #cd74 ',i am giv5 r to dream+ & sluggi%ness4' #bb3 '',s w\nds' 7,god's w\nds7--a mo/ *>act]i/ic expression2 us$ by ,%aksp]e only 9 ,hamlet1 9 ?is sc5e1 & aga9 9 act v4 sc4 #b4 #bc3 ,z yet1 ,hamlet has b "o gr\nd ( action--namely1 ! "o :i*1 aft] ! app>ition ( ! ,gho/1 he set d[n 9 8 tablets3 't "o may smile1 & smile1 & be a villa92 at lea/1 ,i am sure1 x may be s 9 ,d5m>k4' #bd3 ,act ii4 sc4 #b4 #be3 ,essay ,i4 #ai4 #bf3 ,,ii4 #c4 #bg3 ,tacitus1 annal4 xiii4 #ef4 #bh3 ,essay ,i4 #ai4 #bi3 ,act4 i4 sc4 #b4 #cj3 ,%aksp]e already uses ?is expression 9 ,k+ ,john 7#aeie7 = purposes ( mir?ful mock]y4 ,he makes ! ,ba/>d say to ! ,ar*duke ( ,au/ria 7act iii4 sc4 i73--',hang a calf's sk9 on ^? recreant limbs6'--a circum/ance :i* conv9ces u t ,%aksp]e knew ! ,essays ( ,montaigne f ! orig9al at an e>ly "t4 ,we ?9k x a fact important en\gh to po9t out t ,florio translates peau d'un veau by 'oxe-hide' 7fo4 #cd74 ,we _c ?9k ( any o!r explanation ?an t ! phrase 9 "q _h become s popul> ?r\gh ,k+ ,john z to r5d] x advisable = ,florio to /e] cle> ( ?is rock4 ,jonson1 9 8 ,volpone 7act4 i4 sc4 i71 makes ,mosca ! p>asite say 9 reg>d to 8 ma/]3 ',cov]$ ) hide1 in/ead ( sk94' #ca3 ,florio's translation3 ',if x be a consummation ( "o's be+' 7p4 #fbg74 ,%aksp]e3 'a consummation dev\tly to be wi%$4' ,?is ^w is only once us$ by ,%aksp]e 9 su* a s5se4 ,x occurs 9 ano!r s5se 9 ,k+ ,le> 7iv4 #f7 & ,cymbel9e 7iv4 #b71 b n[h]e else 9 8 works4 #cb3 ,monologue ( ! fir/ qu>to3-- ',to be1 or n to be1 ,i !re's ! po9t1 ,to ,die1 to sleepe1 is t all8 ,i all3 ,no1 to sleepe1 to dreame1 ,i1 m>y !re x goes1 ,= 9 t dreame ( dea?1 :5 wee awake1 ,& borne be=e an ev]la/+ judge1 ,f :5ce no pass5g] ev] return$1 ,! undiscov]$ c\ntry1 at ^: sight ,! happy smile1 & ! accurs$ damn$4 ,b = ?is1 ! joyful hope ( ?is1 ,:ol'd be>e ! scornes ( flatt]y ( ! _w1 ,scorn$ by ! "r ri*1 ! ri* curss$ ( ! poore8 ,! wid[ be+ oppress'd1 ! orphan wrong$1 ,! ta/e ( hung]1 or a tyrants raigne1 ,& ?\s& m calamities besides1 ,to grunte & sweate "u ! we>y life1 ,:5 t he may 8 full quietus make1 ,) a b>e bodk91 :o w\ld ?is indure1 ,b = a hope ( some?+ aft] dea?8 ,:i* pu%es ! bra9 & do? connf\nd ! s5ce1 ,:i* makes u r be>e ^? evilles we h1 ,?an flie to o!rs t we "k n (4 ,i t1 ,o ?is consci5ce makes c[>des ( u all4 ,lady 9 ?y orizons1 be all my s9nes rememb]$4 #cc3 ,on closely exam9+ ! copy ( ,montaigne's ,essays 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :i* be>s ,%aksp]e's autograph on ! title-page1 we f\nd--long aft] our treatise _h be5 complet$--t on ! fly-leaf at ! end ( ! volume is writt53 ,mors incrta1 7,writt5 some:at indi/9ctly1 mean+ probably inc]ta4 ,x might also be an abbreviation ( 'inc]tam horam' incr4 ho41 z conta9$ 9 ! ,lat9 v]se on p4 #fbf3-- ,inc]tam fru/ra1 mortales1 fun]is horam ,qua]itis1 et qua sit mors aditura via47 #fbf1 #fbg4 ,^! two numb]s1 app>5tly1 ref] to ! correspond+ pages ( ,montaigne's "w1 :i* conta9 no?+ b ?\ghts ab\t ! unc]ta9ty ( ! h\r ( dea? & ! h]eaft]4 ,on p4 #fbg !re is ! spee* ( ,sokrates1 :i* 9 ,florio's translation1 z %[n above1 be>s su* /rik+ resemblance to ,hamlet's monologue4 ,!re are o!r ,lat9 s5t5ces on ! same fly-leaf1 pron\nc$ by ,sir ,fr$]ic ,madd5 to be writt5 by a lat] p5 ?an ,%aksp]e's4 ,to u1 at any rate1 ! above words & numb]s appe> to proce$ f a diff]5t h& ?an ! o!r s5t5ces4 ,judgm5ts !reon f p]sons well v]s$ 9 ! writ+s ( t "t w\ld be ( great int]e/4 #cd3 ,p4 #ajc4 #ce3 ,i4 #ai4 #cf3 ,act iii4 sc4 #b4 #cg3 ,,iii4 #ab 7,florio1 #fbf74 #ch3 ,we d n d\bt t ?is is a sly ?ru/ at ,florio1 :o1 9 ! preface to 8 translation1 calls himself ',montaigne's ,vulcan1' :o hat*es out ,m9]va f t ',jupit]'s bigge bra9'4 #ci3 ,florio1 #dgf4 #dj3 ,florio1 #eib3 ',?us goe ! _w1 & s goe m54' #da3 ,,iii4 #a4 #db3 ,,ii4 #bg4 #dc3 ,cl>5don3 ',circum/ance ( ?\ght' means "h ! details ov] :i* ?\ght ranges1 & f :i* its conclusions are =m$4 #dd3 ',index1' 9 our op9ion1 does n signify "h ei!r ! title1 or prologue1 or ! indication ( ! cont5ts ( a book1 b is an allusion to ! ,index ( ! ,holy ,see & its ?und]s4 #de3 ,montaigne1 ,,iii4 #aj2 ,florio1 #fjd3 ',cu/ome is a second nature1 & no less p[]full4444 ,to conclude1 ,i am ready to f9i% ?is man1 n to make ano!r4 ,by longe cu/ome ?is =me is *ang$ into sub/ance1 ,=tune into ,nature4' #df3 ,,iii4 #a4 #dg3 ,?is is want+ 9 ! fir/ qu>to1 l ! :ole conclusion ( ?is sc5e4 #dh3 ,?is :ole sc5e betwe5 ,horatio & ,hamlet consi/s ( ! foll[+ f\r l9es 9 ! old qu>to3-- ,hamlet4 ,beleeuve me1 x greeuves me mu*1 ,horatio1 ,t to ,la]tes ,i =got myselfe3 ,= by myselfe me?9kes ,i feel 8 greefe1 ,?\gh !re's a diff]5ce 9 ea* o!r's way4 ,does ?is n look l a draught de/9$ to be ! k]nel ( a sc5e8 ,! end ( ! sc5e :]e ,osrick comes 91 is also mu* %ort] 9 ! old] play4 #di3 ,florio1 #ccj3 ',we am5d ourselves by privation ( reason & by h] droop+4' ,hamlet's conduct is only to be expla9$ by 8 quietly sitt+ d[n until 8 reason %\ld droop4--,,ii4 #ab4 #ej3 ,florio1 #fjh4 #ea3 ,florio1 #fji4 #eb3 ,?is :ole sc5e is ne>ly new 79 ! fir/ qu>to x is a m]e sket*74 ,!re are 9 x sev]al direct allusions to ,montaigne's book1 on :i* we %all t\* lat] on4 #ec3 ,"h ! dramati/1 9 ord] to pa9t a trait ( vanity 9 ,hamlet's "*1 uses a device4 ,he makes ! latt] say t1 s9ce ,la]tes w5t into ,france1 he 7,hamlet7 has be5 9 cont9ual practice4 ,yet we "k 7act ii4 sc4 #b7 t he _h giv5 up 8 accu/om$ ex]cise4 ,9 t sc5e ! poet wi%es to describe ,hamlet's melan*oly2 9 ! o!r1 8 vanity4 ,he *ooses ! col\rs :i* are apt to produce quicke/ impressions among ! audi5ce4 #ed3 ,act v4 sc4 #b4 #ee3 ,see ,/4 ,mat!w x4#bi4 #ef3 ,i4 #ai4 #eg3 ,,iii4 #i4 #eh3 ,,ii4 #ab4 #ei3 ,! ,que5 describes ,hamlet z 'fat1 & scant ( brea?4' ,"h is ,montaigne's description ( himself 7,essai ,,ii4 #bg73--';,j'ay1 au dem\rant1 la taille =te et ramassee2 le visage non pas gras1 mais ple91 la complexion entre le jovial et le melan*olique1 moy5nem5t sangu9e et *aude4' ,florio's translation1 p4 #cgb3--';,z = me1 ,i am ( a /rong & well compact /ature1 my face is n fat1 b full1 my complexion betwe5e joviall & melan*oly1 indiff]5tly sangu9e & hote--7'n spl5etive & ra%'74 #fj3 ,,iii4 #ac #fa3 ,,iii4 #i4 #fb3 ,act iii4 sc4 #a4 #fc3 ,we %all n[ (t5] t\* ^u satirical passages utt]$ by ! "* himself aga9/ :om !y are direct$4 ,! true dramati/ gives ! public no "t to ?9k ov] an incid5t 9 full leisure4 ,e means--z we h already %[n be=e--is welcome to him1 :i* aids 9 rapidly br++ out ! tell+ traits ( 8 figures4 ,no surprise ne$ !re=e be felt t ,hamlet1 ?\gh repres5t+ ,montaigne1 sne]s at1 & morally flagellates1 himself4 #fd3 ,act iii4 sc4 #b4 #fe3 ,,ii4 #a4 #ff3 ,act iv4 sc4 #g4 #fg3 ,i4 #i1 #be2 ,,ii4 #aj1 c4 ,if an att5tive read] w take ! tr\ble to closely exam9e t "p ( ! sc5e 9 ,%aksp]e's ,tempe/ 7act ii4 sc4 #a7 :]e9 ! passage occurs1 :i* he borr[$ f ,essay ,i4 #cj--',on ,cannibals'--& comp>e x ) ?is mo/ '/range ,essay1' he w cle>ly conv9ce himself t ,%aksp]e c only h made use ( x z a satire on ,montaigne's defective memory1 :i* entangles ?is au?or 9 ! mo/ ludicr\s contradictions4 ,gonzala decl>es t1 if he 7 k+ ( ! isle on :i* he & 8 companion 7 wreck$1 he w\ld f\nd a commonweal? z describ$ 9 ! above passage4 ,he concludes ?is description1 say+ he w\ld h 'no sov]eignty4' ,seba/ian ju/ly rem>ks3 ',yet he w\ld be k+ on't2' & ,antonio cont9ues by say+3 ',! latt] end ( 8 commonweal? =gets ! beg9n+4' ,ev5 su* is ! contradiction 9 ,montaigne's fanciful ,essay ',on ,cannibals1' :]e1 t[>ds ! end1 he speaks ( a capta9 :o holds au?ority ov] ^! savages1 n only 9 w>1 b also 9 peace1 't :5 he w5t to visit ! village ( 8 dep5d5ce1 !y cut him pa?s ?r\gh ! ?ick ( _! woods1 ?r\gh :i* he might pass at ease4' ,! beg9n+ ( ?is ,essay describ$ ! commonweal? ( ^! cannibals z tol]at+ no politic sup]iority1 no use ( s]vice1 no occupation1 c4 ',:at %ort memory6 mu* want+ tablets6' ,9 ! above-m5tion$ sc5e ( ! ,tempe/ ,seba/ian makes ! rem>k3 ',no m>ry+ 'mong 8 subjects1' :i* evid5tly is also meant z a hit aga9/ ,montaigne's anti-matrimonial ideas1 :i* we dwelt ^u 9 ! sc5e betwe5 ,hamlet & ,ophelia4 #fh3 ,jonson1 long aft]w>ds1 _h n =gott5 ?is hit aga9/ ,montaigne4 ,9 ,epico5e 7#afji7 he makes ,cl]emont say3--',:5 we come to h grey heads & weak hams1 moi/ eyes & %runk memb]s 444 !n we'll pray & fa/4' #fi3 ,?is :ole passage ( act v4 sc4 #b 7#ajf-ach7 is aga9 only to be f\nd 9 ! qu>to ( #afjd1 n 9 ! folio edition ( #afbc4 ,9 lat] ye>s ! poet may h /ruck x out1 z be+ only compreh5sible to a small] circle ( 8 fri5ds4 ,9 ! same way t passage ( act iv4 sc4 #d1 :i* only conta9s ?\ghts ( ,montaigne1 0 n receiv$ into ! folio ( #afbc4 #gj3 ,?is is _! title 9 ,florio's translation3 ,morall1 ,politike1 ,millit>ie ,disc\rses ( ,lo4 ,mi*aell de ,montaigne1 ,knight ( ! noble ord] ( ,sa9t ,mi*aell1 & "o ( ! ,g5tlem5 9 ord9>y ( ! ,fr5* ,k+ ,h5ry ,,iii4 8 ,*amb]4 #ga3 ,! sonnet runs ?us3-- ,to ! ,"r ,hon\rable ,ladie ,elizabe? ,grey4 7,%e 0 a daught] ( ,c\nt ,%rewsbury1 a ,talbot47 ,( honorable ,,talbot honor$ f>re1 ,! =eca/ & ! =tune1 by 8 ,,^w ,montaigne "h descrives2 :at by 8 ,sword1 ,:at by 8 wit2 ?is1 z ! guid+ />re2 ,t1 z ?' ,aetolian bla/1 9 peace or w>re1 ,at sea1 or l&1 z cause did use af=de1 ,avant le v5t1 to tacke 8 sails abo>de1 ,s z 8 c\rse no ore?w>t crosse might b>re1 ,b he w\ld sweetly sail be=e ! w9d2 ,= ,pr9ces s]vice1 ,c\ntries good1 8 fame4 ,heire-,daught] ( t prud5t1 con/ant k9de1 ,joyn+ !reto ( ,,grey z great a "n1 ,( bo? *ief glories %r9+ 9 y\r m9de1 ,hon\r him t y\r ,honor do? proclaime4' ,we h already le>n$ f ! preface ( ! fir/ book ( ! ,essais h[ ,florio 0 'sea-tos/1 wea!r-beat51' '%ip-wrackt1' 'almo/ dr[n$1' :5 ex]t+ himself to capture ! :ale--,montaigne--& drag him ?r\gh '! rocke-r\gh ,ocean' ) ! assi/ance ( 8 colleague ,diodati1 :om he comp>es to 'a guide-fi%4' ,hamlet calls ,polonius a fi%-mong]4 ,! latt] fools ,hamlet by pret5d+ t yond] cl\d is 9 ! %ape ( a :ale1 :i* j be=e appe>$ to him l ! back ( a weasel4 ,e ^w almo/ 9 ?is wond]ful drama is a well-direct$ hit4 #gb3 ,essay ,,iii4 #e4 #gc3 ,ibid4 #ac4 #gd3 ,ibid4 #b4 #ge3 ,! qu>to ( #afbc has only ! ?ird v]se4 #gf3 ,! old song has ! ^w 'cr\*4' #gg3 ,essay ,,iii4 #e1 p4 #dfj4 ,florio1 p4 #ebi4 #gh3 ,we ?9k x is wor? :ile to quote ! foll[+ v]se ,montaigne 7,,iii4 #e7 m5tions :5 speak+ ( t nature ( woman1 :i* he ?9ks sugge/s to h] e possible act ( libid9\sness3-- ,nec tantum niveo gavisa e/ ulla columbo ,comp>1 vel si quid dicitur improbius1 ,oscula mord5ti semp] dec]p]e ro/ro1 ,quantum praecipue multivola e/ muli]4 ,florio translates 7#ead73-- ,no ,pigeons h51 or paire1 or :at worse "n ,y li/1 makes ) hir ,sn[-:ite cock su* game1 ,) bit+ bill to cat* :5 %e is ki/1 ,z _m-m9d$ wom5 :5 !y li/4 ,is n ?is ! "* ( ,ophelia1 z describ$ by ,%aksp]e--! virg9 incl9+ to voluptu\sness 9 ,goe!'s view8 #gi3 ,hamlet1 act iv4 sc4 #e4 ,9 ,ea/w>d ,hoe1 ,m>/on1 ,*apman1 & ,jonson make capital out ( ?is ^w1 & use x z a sne] aga9/ ,hamlet & ,ophelia4 ,we %all return to ?is po9t lat] on4 #hj3 ,florio1 #fag4 #ha3 ,act iv4 sc4 #e4 #hb3 ,la]tes1 act i4 sc4 #c3-- ,= nature cresc5t does n gr[ alone ,9 !ws & bulk1 b1 z ?is temple waxes1 ,! inw>d s]vice ( ! m9d & s\l ,gr[s wide )al4 ,montaigne1 ,,ii4 #ab2 ,florio1 #cai3 ,! m9d is ) ! body br$ we d behold1 ,x jo9tly gr[es ) x1 x waxe? old4--,lucr4 xliii4 #dej4 #hc3 ,goe!'s ,fau/4 #hd3 ,we mu/ m5tion t ,john ,/]l+1 9 an essay on ,montaigne 7,we/m9/] ,review1 #ahch71 makes ! foll[+ introductory rem>ks3--',on ! :ole1 ! celebrat$ soliloquy 9 ,hamlet pres5ts a m *>act]i/ic & expressive resemblance to mu* ( ,montaigne's writ+s ?an any o!r portion ( ! plays ( ! great dramati/ :i* we at pres5t rememb]1 ?\gh x w\ld d\btless be easy to trace _m app>5t transf]5ces f ! ,fr5*man into ! ,engli%man's works1 z bo? 7 ke5 & _m-sid$ obs]v]s 9 ! same age & neighb\r+ c\ntries4 ,b ,hamlet 0 9 ^? days no popul> type ( "*2 nor 7 ,montaigne's views & tone famili> to m5 till he himself _h made !m s4 ,n[1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,d5m>k is v ne>ly a ,montaigne1 lift$ to a high] em95ce1 & agitat$ by m /rik+ circum/ances & sev]] de/9y1 & altoge!r a some:at m passionate /ructure ( man4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 v wond]ful t ,hamlet1 :o 0 b a "p ( ,%aksp]e1 %\ld exhibit to u m ?an ! :ole ( ,montaigne1 & ! ext]nal facts appe> to contradict any notion ( a ,fr5* ance/ry = ! ,dane1 z ! play is said to h be5 produc$ 9 #afjj1 & ! translation ( ! ,engli% n = ?ree ye>s lat]4' ,dur+ our long se>* ?r\gh ! ,comm5t>ies writt5 on ,hamlet1 we also met ) ! foll[+ treatise3 ',,hamlet2 e9 ,t5d5zdrama ,%eakspe>e's 7sic667 geg5 die skeptis*e und kosmopolitis*e ,weltans*auung des ,mi*ael de ,montaigne1 von ,g4 ,f4 ,/$efeld1 ,kreisg]i*tsra?4 ,b]l91 #ahga4' ,! au?or ( ! latt]-m5tion$ little book holds x to be probable t ,%aksp]e wrote 8 ,hamlet = ! object ( free+ himself f ! impressions ( ! fam\s ,fr5* sceptic4 ,he reg>ds ?is ma/]work z '! ,drama ( ! ,d\bt]2' z '! apo!osis ( a practical ,*ri/ianity4' ,hamlet1 he says1 is want+ 9 ,*ri/ian piety4 ,he has no fai?1 no love1 no hope4 ,8 la/ words1 ',! re/ is sil5ce1' %[ t he has no expectation ( a future life4 ,he mu/ p]i% because he has giv5 up ! belief 9 a div9e gov]nm5t ( ! _w & 9 a moral ord] ( ?+s4 ,we believe we h read ! ,essays ( ,mi*el ,montaigne ) great att5tion4 ,we n only d n reg>d him z a 'sceptic' 9 ! s5se meant by ,mr4 ,/$efeld1 b we hold him1 z well z ,hamlet1 to be an adh]5t ( ! s-call$ 'practical ,*ri/ianity' --at lea/1 ( :at bo? ,montaigne & ,hamlet reckon to be su*4 ,?is 'practical ,*ri/ianity1' h[ev]1 is a notion some:at difficult to def9e4 ,v4 ,,! ,,controv]sy ,,betwe5 ,,b5 ,,jonson ,,& ,,dekk]4 ,,m5tion ,,( ,a ,,dispute ,,betwe5 ,,b5 ,,jonson ,,& ,,%aksp]e ,,9 ',,! ,,return ,,f ,,p>nassus4' ,,*>act]i/ic ,,( ,,b5 ,,jonson4 ,,b5 ,,jonson',s ,,ho/ile ,,attitude ,,t[>ds ,,%aksp]e4 ,,dramatic ,,skirmi% ,,betwe5 ,,b5 ,,jonson ,,& ,,%aksp]e4 ,,b5 ,,jonson',s ',,poeta/]4' ,,dekk]',s ',,satiroma/ix4' ,we n[ proce$ to an inquiry into ! 'controv]sy betwe5 ,jonson & ,dekk]1' :i* has be5 repeat$ly m5tion$ be=e4 ,%aksp]e1 we %all f9d1 0 implicat$ 9 x 9 a v l>ge degree4 ,in/ead ( indicat+1 h[ev]1 t controv]sy by ! designation "u :i* x is kn[n 9 lit]ature1 x w\ld be m correct to put ,,%aksp]e',s "n 9 ! place ( t ( ,dekk]4 ,_m a read] :o p]haps does n fully tru/ yet our bold ass]tion t ,hamlet is a c\nt]feit ( ,montaigne's individuality1 w n[1 we hope1 be conv9c$ by v\*]s drawn f dramas publi%$ 9 #afjd & #afje1 & :i* are 9 ! close/ connection ) t controv]sy4 ,we int5d p>tly mak+ a ?or\gh exam9ation (1 p>tly consult+ 9 a cursory mann]1 ! foll[+ pieces3-- #a4 ',poeta/]' 7#afja71 by ,b5 ,jonson4 #b4 ',satiroma/ix' 7#afjb71 by ,?omas ,dekk]4 #c4 ',malcont5t' 7#afjd71 by ,john ,m>/on4 #d4 ',volpone' 7#afje71 by ,b5 ,jonson4 #e4 ',ea/w>d ,hoe' 7#afje71 by ,b5 ,jonson1 ,*apman1 & ,m>/on4 ,9 ',! ,poeta/]' ,b5 ,jonson makes 8 *ief attack ^u ,dekk] & ,%aksp]e4 ,9 ',satiroma/ix1' ,dekk] def5ds himself aga9/ t attack4 ,9 do+ s1 he sides ) ,%aksp]e2 & we !reby ga9 an insight into ! noble conduct ( ! latt]4 ,betwe5 ,jonson & ,%aksp]e !re _h already be5 dramatic skirmi%es dur+ sev]al ye>s be=e ! appe>ance ( ',! ,poeta/]4' ,we %all only be able to t\* rapidly ^u _! mean+1 consid]+ t we conf9e ourselves1 9 ! ma91 to a /atem5t ( t :i* conc]ns ',hamlet4' ,aft] ,jonson1 9 8 ',poeta/]1' _h exce$$ all b\nds ( dec5t behavi\r ) mo/ intol]able arrogance1 ,%aksp]e seems to h become we>y ( ^! malici\s p]sonal onslaughts2 all ! m s because !y 7 app>5tly put into ! m\? ( innoc5t *ildr54 ,s he wrote 8 ',hamlet1' %[+ up1 !re91 ! loose & p]plex+ ideas ( 8 *ief antagoni/1 :o belong$ to ! p>ty ( ,florio-,montaigne4 ,hamlet1 z we %all prove beyond ! possibility ( cavil1 is ! hi!rto unexpla9$ 'purge' 9 ',! ,return f ,p>nassus1' :i* 'our fell[ ,%aksp]e' adm9i/]$ to ,b5 ,jonson 9 return = ! 'pill' de/9$ = himself 9 ',! ,poeta/]4' ,aft] ! publication ( ',hamlet1' ,jonson wrote 8 ',volpone' z a c\nt]bla/ to ?is drama4 ,n[ ',volpone1' & ! ,preface 9 :i* ! au?or d$icates x to ! two ,univ]sities1 furni% u ) ! evid5ce t our !ory mu/ be a fact2 = ,jonson !re9 def5d$ bo? ! p>ty ( ,florio-,montaigne & himself4 ,moreov]1 we %all adduce a s]ies ( pro(s f ',! ,malcont5t' & f ',ea/w>d ,hoe4' ,a drama1 writt5 by an unkn[n au?or1 & pr9t$ 9 #afjf1 (f]s u a valuable mat]ial :]e) to make x cle> t1 at t "t1 a v bitt] feud mu/ h rag$ betwe5 ,jonson & ,%aksp]e2 = x is sc>cely to be believ$ t x w\ld h be5 br\ght on ! /age _h a l>g] public n be5 deeply int]e/$ 9 ! controv]sy4 ',! ,return f ,p>nassus1 or ! ,sc\rge ( ,simony1' #a is ! title ( ! play1 m5tion$ sev]al times be=e1 9 :i* ?is controv]sy is ref]r$ to 9 cle> words4 ,philomusus & ,/udioso1 two poor s*ol>s :o 9 va9 _h s\ght to pursue _! call+ z m$ical m51 resolve ^u go+ to ! m pr(itable /age4 ,!y are to be prep>$ = x by two ( ! mo/ fam\s actors f ! ,globe ,!atre 7,%aksp]e's company71 ,burbage & ,kemp4 ,:il/ ^! are wait+ = _! new pupils1 #b !y conv]se ab\t ! capabilities ( ! /ud5ts = ! hi/rionic art4 ,kemp1 9 words :i* %[ t ! au?or mu/ h _h great k ( ! /age1 condemns _! ways & mann]s1 mock+ ! silly k9d ( act+ :i* he _h once se5 9 a p]=mance ( ! /ud5ts at ,cambridge4 ,burbage ?9ks !y might am5d _! faults 9 c\rse ( "t1 & t1 at lea/1 advantage c\ld be tak5 ( !m 9 s f> z to make !m write a "p n[ & !n2 :i* c]ta9ly !y c\ld d4 ,to ?is ,kemp replies3-- ',few ( ! ,univ]sity p5 plaies well2 !y smell too mu* ( t writ] ,ovid & t writ] ,metamorphosis1 & talk too mu* ( ,pros]p9a & ,jupit]4 ,:y1 "h's our fell[ ,%akespe>e puts !m all d[n--,i1 & ,b5 ,jonson too4 ,o t ,b5 ,jonson is a pe/il5t fell[2 he br\ght up ,horace giv+ ! poets a pill2 #c b our fell[ ,%akespe>e ha? giv5 him spurge t made him bewray 8 cr$it4' ,burbage answ]s3--',x's a %rewd fell[ inde$4' ,= ! bett] und]/&+ ( ?is mo/ int]e/+ controv]sy1 ! c5tre ( :i* ,hamlet =ms1 x is necess>y t we %\ld give a *>act]i/ic ( ,%aksp]e's adv]s>y1 ,b5 ,jonson1 ^: individuality & mode ( action are too little kn[n among ! g5]al read+ public4 ,b5 ,jonson1 born 9 #aegc1 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,we/m9/]1 0 ! po/hum\s *ild ( a ,scot :o _h occupi$ a mode/ position at ! ,c\rt ( ,h5ry ,,viii41 b :o1 "u ,que5 ,m>y1 _h to suff] long imprisonm5t1 probably on acc\nt ( 8 religi\s op9ions4 ,8 e/ates 7 confiscat$ by ! ,cr[n4 ,aft] hav+ obta9$ 8 lib]ation1 he became a prie/ ( ! ,re=m$ ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,two ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 8 wid[1 ! "m ( ,b51 aga9 m>ri$3 ?is "t h] husb& 0 a ma/] bricklay]4 ,! education ( ! boy f ! fir/ m>riage1 :o at an e>ly age %[$ tal5t = le>n+1 0 n neglect$4 ,x is assum$ t fri5ds ( 8 fa!r1 see+ ,b5's ability1 r5d]$ x possible = him to ent] ,we/m9/] ,s*ool1 & aft]w>ds to /udy at ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge4 ,9 8 sev5te5? or eighte5? ye>1 probably f a want ( means1 he _h to give up ! c>e] ( le>n+1 9 ord] to foll[ ! simple call+ ( 8 /epfa!r4 ,x may be easily und]/ood t ,b5 0 little pleas$ ) ! use ( ! tr[el2 he fl$ to ! ,ne!rl&s1 became a soldi]1 & took "p 9 a campaign4 ,aft] a ye>1 ! y\?ful adv5tur]1 !n only n9ete5 ye>s old1 came back to ,london4 ,he talks ( a h]oic de$2 b ! tru?fulness ( 8 acc\nt may well be d\bt$4 ,he pret5ds hav+ kill$ an enemy1 9 ! face ( bo? camps1 & come back to ! ranks1 lad5 ) 8 spoils4 ,aft] 8 return to ,london1 ,jonson fir/ tri$ to e>n 8 livelihood z an actor4 ,8 figure #d & 8 scorbutic face 71 h[ev]1 sad h9drances to 8 success4 ,soon he gave up ! hi/rionic attempts & began to write additions to exi/+ plays1 at ! ord] ( a !atrical speculator1 ( ! "n ( ,philip ,h5sl[e4 ,! only fur!r detail we h ( ,jonson's do+s1 d[n to #aeih1 #e is1 t he fell out ) "o ( 8 colleagues1 an actor 7,jonson's qu>relsome disposition z reg>ds 8 comrades comm5c$ v e>ly71 & t f9ally he kill$ 8 antagoni/4 ,we !n f9d him 9 prison :]e a ,ca?olic prie/ induc$ him to become a conv]t to ! ,roman ,*ur* :i*1 aft] ! lapse ( ab\t twelve ye>s1 he aga9 left1 return+ to ! ,e/abli%$ ,prote/ant ,*ur* ( ,engl&4 ,jonson himself aft]w>ds said once t 'he 0 = any religion1 z be+ v]s$ 9 bo?4' #f ,x is1 !re=e1 n to be assum$ t he once m *ang$ f conviction4 ,8 reconv]sion appe>s r to h be5 a prud5tial act on 8 "p1 9 ord] to con=m to ! religi\s views ( ! p$antic ,james ,i41 & ?us to obta9 access at ,c\rt1 :i* aim he inde$ aft]w>ds rea*$2 :]eas he _h n be5 able to obta9 t fav\r "u ,elizabe?4 #g ,x is n kn[n by :at1 or by :om1 ,b5 ,jonson 0 sav$ f ! ne> prospect ( ! gall[s4 ,9 #aeih 8 "n is m5tion$ z "o ( ! bett]-kn[n writ]s ( com$ies1 by ,francis ,m]es1 9 8 ',palladis ,tamia4' ,8 fir/ successful com$y 01 ',e ,man 9 8 ,hum\r4' ,fama says t ! manuscript :i* ! au?or _h s5t 9 to ! ,"l ,*amb]la9's ,company1 0 on ! po9t ( be+ reject$ :5 ,%aksp]e reque/$ to h ! play giv5 to him1 read x1 & caus$ its be+ act$ on ! /age4 ,?is anecdote belongs1 h[ev]1 to ! class ( traditional tales ( t age1 ^: value = fix+ facts is a mo/ d\btful "o4 ,x is m c]ta9 t ,b51 at ! age ( tw5ty1 took a wife2 :i* contribut$ v little to ! less5+ ( 8 *ronic pov]ty ) :i* he con/antly _h to /ruggle4 ,x does n appe> t ! union 0 a v happy "o2 = he relates t he once left 8 wife = five ye>s4 ,a di>y writt5 by an unkn[n b>ri/] in=ms u1 ,febru>y #ab1 #afjb3 ',b5 ,jonson1 ! poet1 n[e lives ^u "o ,t[nes5d & scornes ! _w4' #h ,9 ! society ( gallants & lords1 ! "y poet felt himself mo/ at home4 ,all k9ds ( m5dicant epi/les1 sonnets1 d$ications1 petitions1 & s =?1 :i* he address$ to high p]sonages1 & :i* h be5 pres]v$1 conv9ce u t ,jonson neglect$ no?+ t c\ld give an opportunity to ! g5]osity ( lib]al noblem5 to prove !mselves patrons ( art 9 reg>d to him4 ,he boa/s on ! /age ( be+ m 9 ! enjoym5t ( ! fav\r ( ! great ones ?an any ( 8 lit]>y contempor>ies4 #i ,mode/y 0 c]ta9ly n a mitigat+ trait 9 ! "* ( hot-temp]$ ,jonson1 ^: wra? 0 easily r\s$4 ,conv9c$ ( ! p[] ( 8 own g5ius1 he mo/ eag]ly want$ to see ! value ( 8 "w ackn[l$g$4 ,n satisfi$ ) ! sl[ judgm5t 8 contempor>ies might come to1 or ! nigg>dly rew>d !y might conf]2 nor cont5t ) ! prospects ( a laurel wrea? :i* grateful ,po/]ity lays on ! m>ble heads ( dep>t$ em95t m51 ?is pret5ti\s disciple ( ! ,muse importunately claim$ 8 full recomp5se dur+ 8 own life4 ,= ! applause ( ! great mass1 ! dramati/1 aft] all1 has to cont5d4 ,jonson /rove h>d = x2 b 9 va94 ,a m t[]+ g5ius 0 ! fav\rite ( ! age4 ,b51 h[ev]1 laid ! flatt]+ unction to 8 s\l t he 0 above ,%aksp]e1 #aj ev5 z above all o!r contempor>y au?ors2 & he left no?+ unattempt$ to ga9 ! fav\r ( ! great public4 ,all 8 endeav\rs rema9$ fruitless4 ,on e occasion he freely displays ! ranc\r he felt at 8 ill-success2 = he c]ta9ly 0 n ma/] ( 8 temp]4 ,9 poems1 epi/les1 & epigrams1 z well z 9 8 dramas1 & 9 ! d$ications1 prologues1 & epilogues atta*$ !reto1 he %[s 8 ang] aga9/ ! 's-call$ /age poets4' ,we %all prove t 8 fulle/ indignation is ma9ly direct$ aga9/ "o--! v greate/3 ne$ we "n him8 ,jonson1 resolv$ ^u mak+ ! mo/ ( 8 ,muse 9 a remun]ative s5se1 well knew h[ to obta9 ! patronage ( ! highe/ p]sons ( ! c\ntry2 & 8 ambition seems to h f\nd satisfaction :51 aft]w>ds1 a call 0 made ^u him1 on ! "p ( ! ,c\rt1 to compose ',masques' = ,twelf?-,night & simil> extraord9>y occasions4 ,he produc$ a !atrical piece 9 consonance ) ! b>b>ic ta/e prevail+ 9 ,:itehall1 :i* gave pl5ty to d to ! ma*9i/s1 ! decorators1 & ! play-dress] ( ! /age4 ,) su* a division ( lab\r 9 ! doma9 ( art1 x is n easy1 to-day1 to decide to :om ! great] m]it belongs1 among ^? conc]n$1 ( hav+ af=d$ ent]ta9m5t to ! c\rti]s4 ,dramatic or poetical value is want+ 9 ^? productions ( ,jonson4 ,f 8 poems1 z well z f ! ',conv]sations ) ,drummond1' we "k t among ! patronesses ( ,jonson !re 7 ,lucie ,c\ntess ( ,b$=d & ,elizabe? ,c\ntess ( ,rutl&--two ladies to :om ,florio d$icat$ a translation ( ,montaigne4 ,lady ,rutl&'s m>riage 0 a mo/ unhappy "o4 ,9 ! lit]>y int]c\rse ) prom95t m5 ( h] "t %e appe>s to h s\ght consolation & di/raction4 ,jonson's relations ) ?is lady mu/ h be5 r fri5dly ones1 = ',b5 "o day be+ at table ) my ,lady ,rutl&1 h] husb& com+ 91 accus$ h] t %e keept table to poets1 ( :i* %e wrott a lett] to him 7,jonson71 :i* he answ]$4 ,my "l int]cept$ ! lett]1 b nev] *al5g$ him4' #aa ,f ! same s\rce :i* makes ?is /atem5t we take ! foll[+ trait 9 ,jonson's "*1 :i* is z little calculat$ z 8 passionate qu>relsom5ess to ende> him to u4 ,sir ,?omas ,ov]bury _h become enam\r$ ( unhappy ,lady ,rutl&4 ,jonson 0 ask$ by ?is nobleman1 :o at ! same "t 0 a poet1 to read to ! ador$ "o a lyrical effusion ( 82 evid5tly = ! purpose ( fom5t+ h] incl9ations t[>ds ! fri5d :o 0 langui%+ = h]4 ,b5 ,jonson relates t he fulfill$ ,ov]bury's wi% ') excell5t grace1' at ! same "t prais+ ! au?or4 ,next morn+ he fell out ) ,ov]bury1 :o w\ld h him to make an unlawful proposal to ,lady ,rutl&4 ,b h[1 we may ask1 0 x possible t ,jonson's noble fri5d c\ld at all ?9k ( try+ to use him z a g-betwe5 9 ?is %ameful mann]8 ,are we n rem9d$ "h ( ! position ( ?ir/y ,toby ,bel* t[>ds ! simple ,ague*eek1 if n ev5 ( hone/ #ab ,iago 9 8 deal+s ) ! lib]al ,rodrigo8 ,nei!r 9 ,olivia's uncle1 nor 9 ,o!llo's ,anci5t is x reckon$ a m]it to h omitt$ do+ pimp s]vice to fri5ds4 ,_! policy ( tak+ advantage ( amor\s incl9ations1 al?\gh !y did n ev5 try to promote !m by ! read+ ( poetical productions1 rema9s n ! less contemptible4 ,z to ,jonson's passion = ! cup t does m ?an *e]1 nei!r he himself conceals x1 nor is evid5ce to ! same effect want+ on ! "p ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,drayton says t he 0 9 ! habit ( 'we>+ a loose coa*man's coat1 frequ5t+ ! ,m]maid ,tav]n1 :]e he drank seas ( ,can>y2 !n reel+ home to b$1 &1 aft] a pr(use p]spiration1 aris+ to 8 dramatic /udies4' #ac ,at a c]ta9 "t1 ,jonson accompani$ a son ( ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh z tutor dur+ a voyage to ,france4 ,! "y hopeful pupil1 'be+ knavi%ly incl9$1' & n less quick 9 ! execution ( practical jokes ?an 9 spy+ out human weaknesses1 _h no difficulty 9 und]/&+ 8 tutor's b5t1 & succe$$ 9 mak+ ,jonson 'dead drunk4' ,he !n 'laid him on a c>r1 :i* he made to be draw5 by pion]s ?r\gh ! /reets1 at e corn] %[+ 8 gov]n\r /ret*$ out1 & tell+ !m1 t 0 a m lively image ( ! ,crucifix ?an any !y _h4' ,! "m ( "y ,raleigh greatly reli%$ ?is sport4 ,x rem9d$ h] ( simil> tricks h] husb& _h be5 addict$ to 9 8 boyi% days1 '?\gh ! fa!r abhorr$ x4' ,) habits ( ! k9d describ$1 ,jonson _h a h>d b fruitless /ruggle aga9/ oppress+ pov]ty & d[nright mis]y dur+ 8 :ole life4 ,:5 age 0 approa*+1 he address$ himself to 8 highborn patrons ) petitions 9 well-set /yle4 ,8 ne$y condition 01 h[ev]1 little bett]$1 ev5 :5 ,*>les ,i41 9 #afcj1 conf]r$ ^u him1 sev5 ye>s be=e 8 dea?1 an annual p5sion ( #ajj p\nds1 ) a t]se ( ,spani% w9e ye>ly out ( 8 ,maje/y's /ore at ,:itehall4 ,a lett] ( ,sir ,?omas ,hawk9s describes "o ( ! la/ circum/ances ( ,jonson's life4 ,at 'a solemn supp] giv5 by ! poet1 :5 good company1 excell5t *e]1 *oice w9e1 & jovial welcome _h op5$ 8 he>t & loos5$ 8 tongue1 he began to raise himself at ! exp5se ( o!rs4' ,w9e1 joviality1 good company1 & bitt] satire--^! 7 ! elem5ts ( ,b5 ,jonson's happ9ess4 ',o r>e ,b5 ,jonson6' ,sir ,john ,"y1 #ad :o1 walk+ ?r\gh ,we/m9/] ,abbey1 saw ! b>e /one on ! poet's grave1 gave "o ( ! workm5 eighte5p5ce to cut ! words 9 "q1 & po/]ity is /ill 9 d\bt :e!r ! ^w 'r>e' 0 meant = ! valuable qualities ( ! poet or = ^? ( ! boon-companion4 ,we w give a %ort ab/ract ( ,jonson's "* f ! notes ( a contempor>y ^: gue/ he _h be5 dur+ fully a mon? 9 #afai4 ,"o might d\bt ! s9c]ity ( ?is judgm5t if ,sir ,william ,drummond1 8 lib]al ho/1 _h made x public = ! purpose ( h>m+ ,jonson4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 no su* int5tion1 = x rema9$ 9 manuscript = fully two hundr$ ye>s4 ,only !n1 a copy ( ?is incisive *>act]i/ic came be=e ! _w at l>ge4 ,! ,scotti% nobleman & poet _h writt5 x d[n1 toge!r ) _m utt]ances ( ,jonson1 aft] 8 gue/ :o mo/ freely & sev]ely criticis$ 8 contempor>ies _h left4 ,! p]spicacity ( ,drummond1 & ! tru?ful r5d]+ ( 8 impressions1 are fully confirm$ by ,jonson's mann] ( life & ! cont5ts ( 8 lit]>y productions4 #ae ,drummond concludes 8 notes ?us3-- ',he' 7,jonson7 'is a great lov] & prais] ( himself2 a contemn] & scorn] ( o!rs2 giv5 r to loose a fri5d ?an a je/2 jeal\s ( e ^w & action ( ^? ab\t him 7especially aft] dr9k1 :i* is "o ( ! elem5ts 9 :i* he live?73 a dissembl] ( ill p>ts :i* reigne 9 him2 a bragg] ( "s good t he wante?2 ?9k+ no?+ well b :at ei!r himself or "s ( 8 fri5ds & c\ntrym5 h said or done4 ,he is passionately k9d & angry2 c>eless ei!r to ga9 or keep2 v9dicative1 b1 if he be well answ]$1 at himself4 ,= any religion1 z be+ v]s$ 9 bo?2 int]prete? be/ say+s & de$s (t5 to ! wor/4 ,oppress$ ) fantasie1 :i* has ev] ma/]$ 8 reason3 a g5]al disease 9 _m poets4' ,x w easily be und]/ood t betwe5 two natures ( s opposite a b5t z t ( ! qu>relsome ,jonson & 'g5tle ,%aksp]e1' fri5d%ip = any l5g? ( "t c\ld sc>cely be possible4 #af ,! creations ( ! dramati/ obta9 _! real value by ! poet's own "*4 ,he :o brea!s a s\l into s _m figures de/9$ = action mu/ himself be gift$ ) a greatness ( s\l t encompasses a _w4 ,9 ! dramatic art1 su* actions only *>m :i* are evolv$ out ( cle>ly def9$ passions2 & su* *>act]s only awake int]e/ :i* be> human features /rongly m>k$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 we ca/ a glance at ! dramatic productions ( ,b5 ,jonson1 we 9 va9 look among ! _m figures t cr[d 8 /age = "o :i* c\ld inspire u ) sympa?y4 ,"t has pron\nc$ its v]dict aga9/ 8 creations3 !y are ly+ 9 ! ar*ive ( m]e curiosities4 ,ev5 ! inquir] feels ill at ease :5 go+ = !m to _! hid+-place4 ,jonson's *>act]s d n speak ) ! ev] unmi/akeable & t\*+ voice ( human passions4 ,9 8 com$ies he produces ! /range/ :ims1 caprices1 & crot*ets1 by :i* he probably po9ts to def9ite p]sons4 ,! clue to ^! (t5 malignant dialectics is v difficult to f9d4 ,! action ( 8 plays--if incid5tal qu>rels1 full ( sne]+ allusions1 are left aside--is g5]ally ( su* dim9utive proportions t "o may well ask1 aft] ! p]usal ( "s ( 8 dramas1 :e!r !y conta9 any action at all4 ,no d\bt ! satiri/1 too1 has 8 legitimate place 9 ! dramatic art2 b he mu/ "k h[ to hit ! weaknesses ( human nature 9 c]ta9 /rik+ types4 ,jonson1 h[ev]1 is f> f be+ able to lay a claim to su* dramaturgic m]it4 ,at 'haphaz>d he took c]ta9 individualities f ! idly gossip+ cr[d t congregat$ 9 ! c5tral nave ( ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*1 & put !m on ! /age4 ,:oev] _h be5 /rutt+ ab\t !re to-day 9 8 silk5 /ock+s1 pr\dly display+ ! nodd+ fea!rs 9 8 hat1 8 ri* wai/-coat & mantle1 & boa/+ a little too l\d be=e "s o!r gallant ( 8 love adv5tures1 ran great dang]--l all ^? ^: demean\r 9 ,/4 ,paul's gave rise to backbit+ gossip--( be+ p\rtray$ 9 ! ',rose1' 9 ! ',curta91' or 9 ! !atres ( ! 'little eyases1' 9 su* a mann] t p 7 able1 9 ! /reets1 to po9t !m out ) _! f+]s4 ,l s _m o!r novelties1 ?is k9d ( com$y1 too1 may = a :ile h f\nd its admir]s4 ,soon1 h[ev]1 ?is degradation ( ! ,muse br\ght up su* a /orm t ,jonson _h to take refuge 9 ano!r doma9 ( ! dramatic art 7#afja74 ,he himself confesses3-- ,& s9ce ! ,comic ,muse ,ha? prov$ s om9\s to me1 ,i w try ,if ,trag$y h a m k9d aspect4 #ag ,b he is no?+ if n satirical4 ,! p]sons t are to enliv5 8 trag$ies are n fill$ ) ! true brea? ( life4 ,!y are m]e phantoms or puppets ( s*oolcraft1 labori\sly put toge!r by a le>n+ drawn f old folios4 ,9 8 trag$ies1 ',sejanus' & ',catal9e1' he seeks to describe ,romans ^: :ole be>+ 0 to be 9 p$antically close h>mony ) ! "t 9 :i* ! dramatic action occurs4 ,only a citiz5 f a c]ta9 p]iod ( anci5t ,rome w\ld be able to decide :e!r ?is difficult b ?ankless problem _h be5 solv$4 ,^! cold academic treatises--= su* we mu/1 practically1 take !m to be--7 n reli%$ by ! public4 ,!re is no ve/ige ( human passion 9 ! booki% h]oes ?us put on ! /age4 ,= _! sorr[s ! audi5ce has no feel+ ( fe> or angui% & no te> ( compassion4 ,jonson1 indignant at ! small e/imate 9 :i* 8 ardu\sly compos$ works 7 receiv$1 ill-hum\r$ by _! want ( success1 look$ envi\sly ^u ,%aksp]e1 :o _h n be5 academically s*ool$2 :o audaci\sly ov]?rew ! cu/oms ( ! antique drama2 :o made 8 own rules1 or r1 :o made himself a rule to o!rs2 :o creat$ metrics t 7 peculi>ly 82 :o *ose !mes hi!rto consid]$ non-p]missible1 & unusual ) ,greeks & ,romans2 :o flung ! '?ree unities' to ! w9ds2 & :o1 nev]!less1 _h an unhe>d-( success6 ,?is fav\rite ( ! public1 ,jonson seems to h look$ ^u z ! ma9 ob/acle b>r+ ! way to 8 own g5ius4 ,aga9/ ?is t[]+ rival1 ,jonson direct$ a hail ( satirical arr[s4 ,only take1 = in/ance1 ! prologue to ',e ,man 9 8 ,hum\r4' #ah ,!re1 ,jonson1 ) ! mo/ arrogant conceit1 tries to make %ort "w ( v>i\s dramas ( ,%aksp]e's--= in/ance1 ( 8 hi/orical plays1 9 :i* he d>$-- 444 ) ?ree ru/y swords1 ,& help ( "s few foot & half-foot words1 ,fight ov] ,york & ,lanca/]'s long j>s1 ,& 9 ! tyr+-h\se br+ w\nds to sc>s4 ,9 ',! ,poeta/]1' :i* 9 #afja 0 act$ by ! *ildr5 ( ! ,que5's ,*apel1 ,jonson made an attack ^u ?ree poets4 ,we hope to be able to prove t ! "o mo/ bitt]ly abus$1 & :o is bidd5 to swall[ ! 'pill1' is no o!r ?an ,%aksp]e1 :il/ ! two rema9+ ones are ,john ,m>/on & ,?omas ,dekk]4 ,f ! ',apologetical ,dialogue' :i* ,jonson wrote aft] ',! ,poeta/]' _h already pass$ ov] ! /age1 we see t ?is satire _h excit$ ! greate/ indignation & s5sation 9 ! dramatic _w4 ,x 0 a new mann] ( fall+ out ) a colleague be=e ! public4 ,! conceit$ presumption ( ! au?or1 :o 9 ! play itself assumes ! "p ( ,horace1 s]i\sly proclaim+ himself z ! poet ( poets1 z ! wor?ie/ ( ! wor?y1 is n less enorm\s & repulsive ?an ! way 9 :i* he proce$s aga9/ 8 rivals4 ,q innoc5tly1 ,jonson asks 9 t dialogue 7:i* 0 spok5 on ! /age aft] ',! ,poeta/]' _h giv5 rise to a g5]al squabble71 h[ x came ab\t t su* a hubbub 0 made ( t play1 see+ t x 0 free f insults1 only conta9+ '"s salt' b 'nei!r too?1 nor gall1' :il/ 8 antagoni/s1 aft] all1 _h be5 ! cause ( :atev] rem>ks he himself _h made3-- 444 ,b sure ,i am1 ?ree ye>s ,!y did provoke me ) _! petulant /yles1 ,on e /age4 ,& ,i at la/1 unwill+1 ,b we>y1 ,i confess1 ( s mu* tr\ble1 ,?\ght ,i w\ld try if %ame c\ld w9 ^u 'em4 ,9 "s com$ies ( ,%aksp]e1 :i* appe>$ betwe5 ! ye>s #aeih & #afja1 !re are *>act]s m>k$ly /amp$ ) ,jonsonian peculi>ities4 ,we may be conv9c$ t 'g5tle ,%aksp]e' _h receiv$ _m a provocation #ai be=e he took notice ( ! obscure dramati/ :o 0 y\ng] by t5 ye>s ?an himself1 & publicly gave him a /rong lesson4 ',all's ,well t ,ends ,well' conta9s a figure1 ,p>olles1 ^: peculi>ities are too closely ak9 to ^? ( ,b5 ,jonson to be reg>d$ z a m]e =tuit\s accid5t2 especially :5 we f9d t ,jonson1 9 ',! ,poeta/]1' aga9 tries to ridicule ?is hit by a *>act]i/ic expression4 #bj ,p>olles is a foll[] ( ,c\nt ,r\sillon4 ,8 position is n fur!r def9$ ?an t he foll[s ,b]tram2 he is a cross betwe5 a g5tleman & a s]vant4 ,we he> ! old ,"l ,lafeu reproa*+ him 9 act ii4 sc4 #c3-- ',:y do/ ?\ g>t] up ?y arms o' ?is fa%ion8 do/ make hose ( ?y sleeves8 ,d o!r s]vants d s8' ,aga9 he calls him--'a vagabond1 no true travell]3 y are m saucy ) lords & hon\rable p]sonages ?an ! h]aldry ( y\r bir? & virtue gives y commission4' #ba ,p>olles boa/s ( be+ born "u ! sign ( ,m>s1 & up to e h]oic de$2 & x is c]ta9ly an allusion to ,jonson's bravado ( hav+ 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries1 9 ! face ( bo? camps1 kill$ an enemy & tak5 opima spolia f him1 t ,%aksp]e lets ?is "* make ! attempt to retake1 s+le-h&$1 f ! enemy1 a drum t _h be5 lo/ 9 ! battle4 ,( c\rse1 ,p>olles f9ally comes out a c[>d & a traitor4 ,p>olles also m5tions t he und]/&s ',l[ ,dut*4' ,9 ! "* ( ,malvolio 7',twelf? ,night2 or ,:at ,y ,w1' #afjj-afja71 ! qu>relsome ,b5 has long ago be5 suspect$1 :o1 puff$ up ) bragg>t pride1 contemptu\sly looks d[n ^u 8 colleagues1 & impud5tly ex]ts himself to ga9 access to high social circles2 ?us assum+1 l ,p>olles1 a position t does n prop]ly belong to him4 ,ev5 z ,"l ,lafeu takes ,p>olles a peg l[]1 s ,sir ,toby 7act4 ii4 sc4 #c7 rem9ds ! haughty ,malvolio t he is no?+ m ?an a /ew>d4 ,! religion ( ,malvolio also is sev]al times discuss$4 ,m]ry ,m>ia relates t he is a ',puritan or any?+ con/antly b a "t-pleas]4' ,nor is ! prie/ want+ :o is to drive out ! hyp]bolical fi5d f ! captive ,malvolio3 an unmi/akeable allusion to ,b5 ,jonson's conv]sion 9 prison4 ,! ,fool :o repres5ts ! ,prie/1 puts a "q ref]r+ to ,py?agoras to ,malvolio :o is groan+ '9 d>kness' & ye>n+ = fre$om4 ,he receives an evasive answ] f ! prison]4 ,9 ',volpone1' z we %all see1 ,jonson answ]s x v fully4 #bb ,altoge!r1 !re are allusions 9 ',! ,poeta/]1' & 9 ',volpone1' to ',all's ,well t ,ends ,well1' & to ',:at ,y ,w1' :i* we %all h to t\* ^u 9 speak+ ( ^? plays4 ,! sc5e ( ',! ,poeta/]' is laid at ! c\rt ( ,augu/us ,caes>4 ,jonson !re9 describes himself "u ! "* ( ,horace4 ,! :ole drift ( ! play is1 to take ! _m enemies ( ! latt] to task = _! calumnies & libels aga9/ him4 ,rome is ! place ( action1 & ! p]sons ( ! drama be> classic names4 ,!re are1 besides ,augu/us & ,horace1 ,meca5as 7sic71 ,virgil1 ,prop]tius1 ,trebatius1 ,ovid1 ,demetrius ,fannius1 ,rufus ,lab]ius ,crisp9us1 & s =?4 ,! *>act]s :om !y are to repres5t are mo/ly au?ors ( ! dramatic _w ar\nd ,b5 ,jonson4 ,!y are depict$ ) traits s easily recognisable t--z ,dekk] says 9 8 ',satiroma/ix'--( five hundr$ p f\r hundr$ c\ld 'all po9t ) _! f+]s 9 "o in/ant at "o & ! same man4' ,m especially aga9/ two disciples ( ! ,muse is ,jonson's 'gally ink' direct$4 ,let u give a few in/ances ( ! lampoons & calumni\s squibs by :i* ,horace pret5ds hav+ be5 insult$ on ! "p ( envi\s colleagues :o1 he ma9ta9s1 look askance at him because 'he keeps m wor?y gallants' company' ?an !y c get into4 ,9 act iv4 sc4 ,i1 ,demetrius tells ,tucca3-- ',alas1 ,sir1 ,horace6 he is a m]e sponge2 no?+ b hum\rs & obs]vation2 he goes up & d[n1 suck+ f e society1 & :5 he comes home1 squeezes himself dry aga94' ,tucca adds3--',he w soon] lose 8 be/ fri5d ?an 8 lea/ je/4' ,crisp9us is f\nd guilty ( hav+ compos$ a libel aga9/ ,horace1 ( :i* ! foll[+ may s]ve z a specim53-- ,ramp up my g5ius1 be n retrograde2 ,b boldly nom9ate a spade a spade4 ,:at1 %all ?y lubrical & glibb]y muse ,live1 z %e 7 defunct1 l punk 9 /ews8 ,alas6 t 7 no mod]n consequ5ce1 ,to h co?urnal busk9s fright$ h5ce4 ,no1 tea* ?y ,incubus to poetize2 ,& ?r[ abroad ?y spuri\s snott]ies4444 ,o poets all & "s6 = n[ we li/ ,( /r5u\s v5geance to clut* ! fi/4 ,su* 0 ! language ! contempor>ies ( ,%aksp]e us$4 ,are we to wond]1 !n1 if "h & !re we f9d 9 8 works an (f5sive expression8 ,! two p]sons :o are specially tak5 to task1 & mo/ h>%ly treat$1 are ,demetrius ,fannius1 'play-dress] & plagi>ius1' & ,,rufus ,,lab]ius ,,crisp9us1 'poeta/] & plagi>ius4' ,9 ',satiroma/ix1' ,demetrius cle>ly comes out z ,dekk]4 ,crisp9us is ! *ief "* ( ! play3--'! poeta/]4' ,aga9/ him ! satire is ma9ly direct$1 & = 8 sake x seems to h be5 writt51 = ! title runs ?us3 ',! ,poeta/]1 or ,8 ,arraignm5t4' ,f all ! *>act]i/ic qualities ( ,crisp9us we draw ! conclusion t ?is figure repres5t$ ,,%aksp]e4 ,f ! above-m5tion$ passage 9 ',! ,return f ,p>nassus' x w\ld seem z if a 'pill' _h be5 adm9i/]$ 9 ! play to sev]al poets4 ,t is1 h[ev]1 n s4 ,!n1 z n[1 ! plural =m 0 a fav\rite "o ) writ]s afraid to attack op5ly4 ,horace adm9i/]s a pill only to "o poet--to ,crisp9us4 ,& z ,kemp says t ,%aksp]e1 !reupon1 gave a 'purge1' ! conclusion is obvi\s t he :o took rev5ge by adm9i/]+ ! purge1 mu/ h be5 ! "o to :om ! pill _h be5 giv54 ',volpone1' a play direct$ aga9/ ! 'purge'--t is1 ',hamlet'--w conv9ce u t ! *ief controv]sy lay betwe5 ,jonson & ,%aksp]e1 & n betwe5 ,jonson & ,dekk]4 ,! foll[+ po9ts w1 we ?9k1 make x /ill cle>] t we are w>rant$ 9 believ+ t ! figure ( ,crisp9us 0 int5d$ by ,jonson = ,%aksp]e4 ,:51 9 pres5ce ( ,augu/us1 z well z ( ! high jurors ,maec5as1 ,tibullus1 & ,virgil1 ! two poeta/]s h be5 he>d2 :5 ,horace has =giv5 ,demetrius1 #bc & ,crisp9us1 "u ! %>p effects ( ! pill1 has ?r[n up1 amid/ great pa91 #bd ! disgraceful words :i* he _h us$ aga9/ ,horace1 he is dismiss$ by ! latt] ) ! admonition to obs]ve1 9 future1 a /rict & :olesome diet2 to take ea* morn+ some?+ ( ,cato's pr9ciples2 !n ta/e a piece ( ,t]5ce & suck 8 phrase2 to %un ,plautus & ,ennius z meats too h>% = 8 weak /oma*1 & to read ! be/ ,greeks1 'b n )\t a tutor4' ,?is fits 9 ) ,%aksp]e's 'small ,lat9 & less ,greek'--a circum/ance ( :i* ,jonson himself1 9 8 poem 9 memory ( ,%aksp]e 7#afbc71 ?\ght he %\ld rem9d ! com+ g5]ations4 ,x is1 no d\bt1 a little rev5ge = ! 'd>k *amb]' 9 :i* ,malvolio #be is imprison$1 t1 aft] ,horace has conclud$ 8 spee* 9 :i* ! /udy ( ,lat9 & ,greek is recomm5d$ to ,crisp9us z some?+ v necess>y = him1 ,virgil %\ld add ! fur!r advice3-- ,& = a week or two see him lock$ up ,9 "s d>k place1 remov$ f company2 ,he w talk idly else aft] 8 physic4 ,! full "n giv5 by ,jonson to ,crisp9us is--,,rufus ,,lab]ius ,,crisp9us4 ,john ,m>/on already1 9 #aeih1 designates ,%aksp]e ) ! nickname ',rufus4' ,ev]yone c conv9ce himself ( ?is by fir/ read+ ,%aksp]e's ',v5us & ,adonis1' & imm$iately aft]w>ds ,john ,m>/on's ',metamorphosis ( ,pigmalion's ,image4' #bf ,we d n "k :e!r x has /ruck anyone z yet t ?is poem ( ,m>/on is a mo/ evid5t satire1 writt5 ev5 9 ! same metre z ,%aksp]e's fir/1 & at t "t mo/ popul>1 poem4 #bg ,9 8 six? satire ( ',! ,sc\rge ( ,villanie1' ,m>/on expla9s :y he _h compos$ 8 ',pigmalion's ,image3'-- ,yet deem'/ t 9 sad s]i\snesse ,i write su* na/y /uff z 9 ,pigmalion8 ,su* maggot-ta9t$1 lewd corruption6 444 ,h5ce1 ?\ misjudg+ c5sor3 "k ,i wrot ,^? idle rimes to note ! odi\s spot & blemi% t de=mes ! l9eam5ts ( mod]n poesies habilim5ts4 ,at ! end ( 8 satire 7',pigmalion's ,image'71 ,m>/on self-complac5tly tacks on a conclud+ piece3 ',! ,au?or 9 ,praise ( 8 ,prec$5t ,poem4' ,:om else does he address !re ?an him ^: poetical mann] he wi%$ to mock--namely1 ,%aksp]e's--:5 he beg9s ) ^! words3-- ,n[1 ,rufus6 by old ,glebron's fe>full mace1 ,ha? n my ,muse des]v'd a wor?y place8 444 ,is n my p5 compleate8 ,are n my l9es ,"r 9 ! swagg]+ hum\r ( ^! times8 ,! "n ( ',rufus' has two peculi>ities :i* may h induc$ ,m>/on to conf] x ^u ,%aksp]e4 ,fir/ ( all1 l ! ,engli% k+ ( t "n1 ,%aksp]e's pre-"n 0 ,william4 ,secondly1 ! be/-pres]v$ portrait ( ,%aksp]e %[s him ) hair v]g+ ^u a r$di% hue4 ,b n only ! col\r ( ! hair1 b also its ?9ness 7accord+ to all pictures & bu/s we h ( ,%aksp]e1 he 0 bald-head$71 seems to h be5 satiris$ by ,jonson 9 8 ',poeta/]4' ,9 act ii4 sc4 #a1 ,*loe asks ,crisp9us1 :o1 excit$ by h] love & h] beauty1 pret5ds becom+ a poet1 :e!r1 z a poet1 he w\ld also *ange 8 hair8 ,to :i* ,crisp9us replies1 ',:y1 a man may be a poet1 & yet n *ange 8 hair4' ,n[ ,dekk]1 9 8 ',satiroma/ix1 9 :i* all p]sonal insults are to be av5g$ #bh7;= :i* reason ! *ief p]sonages ( ',! ,poeta/]' are introduc$ "u ! same "n71 makes ,horace give =? a long song 9 praise ( 'heades ?icke ( hair1' :il/ ,crisp9us gives ano!r 9 hon\r ( 'balde heads2' f :i* we conclude t ,*loe's rem>k on ,crisp9us' hair has ref]5ce to a bald pate1 b ! "n ( ',rufus' to ! col\r ( :atev] hair !re is4 ',rufus ,lab]ius ,crisp9us' might truly be ?us r5d]$3 ',! r$-hair$ ,,%ak-erius1 ) ! crisp-head1 :o cribs l ,/4 ,crisp94' ,! ^w ,rufus1 z already expla9$1 rem9ds u bo? ( ,%aksp]e's r$ hair & 8 pre-"n ',william4' ,lab]ius 7f lab>e1 to %ake2 h5ce ,%ak-erius1 a simil> nickname z ,gre5e's ,,%ake-sc5e7 is cle>ly an indication ( ! poet's family "n4 ,! ,roman cu/om ( plac+ ! "n ( ! g5s1 or family1 9 ! middle ( a p]son's "n1 leaves no d\bt z to ,jonson's int5tion4 ,lab]ius 0 a dramatic poet1 ev5 z ,%aksp]e4 ,lab]ius 0 an actor 7,suet4 c4i4 #ci74 ,s 0 ,%aksp]e4 ,lab]ius play$ 9 8 own dramas4 ,%aksp]e did ! same4 ,lab]ius' "n corresponds etymologically1 z reg>ds mean+1 to ! root-syllable 9 ,%aksp]e's "n4 ,c\ld ,jonson1 :o 0 s well v]s$ 9 classics1 h made 8 satirical allusion pla9] or m poignant8 ,9 ,crisp9us1 bo? ,%aksp]e's curly hair & ! (f5ce ( application1 plagi>ism1 or lit]>y !ft1 ) :i* he is *>g$ by 8 antagoni/1 are manife/ly m>k$2 ,/4 ,crisp9 be+ not$ among ! sa9ts = 8 fil*+ habits4 ,he made %oes = ! poor f mat]ials /ol5 f ! ri*4 ,crisp9us approa*es ,horace q z a ',johannes ,factotum1' z ,gre5e _h designat$ ,%aksp]e 9 #aeib4 ,jonson makes him ass]t t he1 too1 is a s*ol>1 a writ] conv]sant ) e k9d ( poetry1 & a ,/oic4 ,he also decl>es t he is /udy+ ar*itecture1 & t1 if he builds a h\se1 #bi x mu/ be simil> to "o be=e :i* !y are /&+4 ,9 ,dekk]'s ',satiroma/ix1' ,crisp9us is describ$ z be+ ( a mo/ g5tle nature4 ,?is is 9 h>mony ) ! well-kn[n quality g5]ally attribut$ to ,%aksp]e4 ,9 ! beg9n+ ( ',satiroma/ix1' ,crisp9us approa*es ,horace = ! object ( peace & reconciliation4 ,! latt] excuses himself1 9 words simil> to ^? ( ! ',apologetical ,dialogue1' t ev5 if he %\ld 'dip 8 p5 9 di/ilde ,roses1' or /rove to dra9 out ( 8 ink all gall1 #cj yet 8 enemies w\ld look at 8 writ+s ') %>pe & se>*+ eyes4' ,nay-- ,:5 my l9es are measur'd out z /raight ,z ev5 p>allels1 'tis /range t /ill1 ,/ill "s imag9e !y are drawne awry4 ,! error is n m9e1 b 9 _! eye2 ,t _c take proportions4 ,crisp9us4 ,horrace1 ,horrace6 ,to /& )9 ! %ot ( gall+ tongues1 ,proves n y\r gilt1 = c\ld we write on pap]1 ,made ( ^! turn+ leaves ( heav51 ! cl\des1 ,or speak ) ,angels tongues3 yet wise m5 "k1 ,t "s w\ld %ake ! head1 ?o' sa9ts %\ld s+1 ,"s snakes mu/ hisse1 because !y're borne ) /+s4 ,horace4 ',t is true4 ,crisp9us4 ,doe we n see fooles laugh at heav58 & mocke ,! ,mak]s workman%ip8 ,crisp9us goes on tell+ ,horace t none are safe f su* calumnies2 b t1 if 8 'da/>d wit' w '/rike at m5 9 corn]s1' if he w '9 riddles folde ! vices' ( 8 be/ fri5ds1 !n he mu/ expect also t !y w 'take (f all gild+ f _! pilles1' & (f] him '! bitt] co>e' 7core74 #ca ,) great emphasis1 ,crisp9us admoni%es ,horace n to swe> t he did n int5d :ipp+ ! private vices ( 8 fri5ds :ile 8 'la%+ je/es make all m5 ble$4' ,crisp9us concludes 8 mild1 conciliatory spee* ) ! words3-- ,we come l y\r phisitions 7physicians7 to purge ,y\r sicke & daung]\s m9de ( h] disease4 ,a peace is !n conclud$1 :i* ,horace 7,jonson7 aga9 breaks1 = :i* he receives 8 puni%m5t t[>ds ! end ( ',satiroma/ix4' ,dekk]1 :o br+s 9 ! *ief p]sonages ( ',! ,poeta/]' "u ! same "n1 makes1 9 ?is c\nt]-piece1 two p>ts ( ! figure ( ,rufus ,lab]ius ,crisp9us--namely1 t ( ,william ,rufus1 ! k+1 at ^: c\rt he lays ! sc5e 7,jonson's drama has ! c\rt ( ,augu/us71 & t ( ,crisp9us1 ! poet4 ,! "p ( ! k+ is a v unimportant "o2 & x may be assum$ t ,dekk] int5d$ ! k+ & ! poet to be look$ ^u z ! same p]son4 ,! object ( ! play-dress] ,demetrius 7,dekk]7 01 no d\bt1 to d homage 9 ?is way to 8 *ief ,crisp9us--t is1 ,%aksp]e4 ,:5 ! accus$ ,horace is to be judg$1 ! ,k+ says to ,crisp9us3-- ,n "u u1 b next u take ?y seate2 ,artes n\ri%$ by ,k+s make ,k+s m great4 ,crisp9us decl>es ,horace guilty ( hav+ 'rebell$ aga9/ ! sacr$ laws ( div9e ,poesie1' n out ( love ( virtue1 b-- ,?y pride & scorn made h] turne sat]i/4 ,horace1 on acc\nt ( 8 crimes aga9/ ! sacr$ laws ( div9e poesy1 is n 'lawrefy$1' b 'nettlefy$3' n cr[n$ ) laurels1 b ) a wrea? ( nettles1 & aft]w>ds1 9 ,san*o ,panza mann]1 toss$ 9 a blanket4 ,he !n is told3--',y %all n sit 9 a ,gall]y :5 y\r ,com$ies & ,ent]ludes h entr$ _! ,actions1 & !re make vile faces at ev]ie lyne1 to make ,g5tlem5 h an eye to y1 & to make ,play]s afraide to take y\r "p4' ,fur!rmore1 he 'mu/ =swe>e to v5t] on ! /age :5 y\r ,play is end$1 & to ex*ange c\rtezies & complem5ts ) ,gallants 9 ! ,lordes roomes1 to make all ! h\se rise up 9 ,armes1 & to cry t's ,horace1 t's he1 t's he1 t's he1 t p5nes & purges ,hum\rs & diseases4' ,he mu/ promise 'n to brag 9 ,bookeb9d]s %ops t y\r ,vize-royes or ,tributorie ,k+s h done homage to y1 or paide ,qu>t]age4' ,&--':5 y\r ,playes are misse-likt at ,c\rt1 y %all n ,crye ,mew l a ,pusse-,cat1 & say y are glad y write out ( ! ,c\rti]s ,elem5ts4' #cb ,9 8 ,preface to ',satiroma/ix' 7',to ! ,_w '71 ,dekk] says t 9 ?is play he did 'only :ip 8 7,horace's7 =tunes & condition ( life1 :]e ! m noble ,,repreh5sion _h b9 ( 8 ,,m9des ,,de=mitie4' #cc ,?is nobl] repreh5sion1 z we h suffici5tly %[n1 0 und]tak5 by ,%aksp]e 9 8 ',hamlet4' #cd ,dekk]1 9 8 ,epilogue to ',satiroma/ix' 7he !re speaks ( ! ',h]etical ,lib]t9e ,horace'71 asks ! public = its applause2 = ,horace w\ld !reby be induc$ to write a c\nt]-play3 :i*1 if !y hiss$ 8 own ',satiroma/ix1' w\ld n be ! case4 ,by applaud+1 !y w\ld ?us1 9 fact1 get m sport2 = we 'w untrusse him ag51 & ag51 & ag54' ,%aksp]e may h be5 tir$ ( ?is fruitless pa/ime1 ( ^? pitiful squabbles1 z appe>s also f ! reproa* he makes 9 ',hamlet'to 8 p4 ,by ! 'm noble ,,repreh5sion' :i* he adm9i/]$ to ,jonson & 8 p>ty1 he became absorb$ 9 ! pr(\nd] problems conc]n+ mank9d4 ,! "t ( ! light] com$ies is n[ pa/ = him4 ,!re foll[ n[ 8 gr&e/ ma/]-works4 ,h5ce=? ! poet /&s 9 a relation creat$ by himself to 8 ,god & to ! _w4 ,we proce$ to an exam9ation ( ',volpone1' ( t play :i* ,jonson s5t z a c\nt]-?ru/ aft] ',hamlet1' & f :i*1 z reg>ds our ,hamlet-,montaigne !ory1 we hope to conv9ce our read]s 9 ! cle>e/ mann] possible4 #a3 ,arb]'s ,engli% ,s*ol>s ,libr>y1 #ahgi1 %[s t ?is highly int]e/+ drama 0 = ! fir/ "t giv5 at ,cambridge 9 #afjb4 ,if s1 ! manuscript has unque/ionably receiv$ additions dur+ ! f\r ye>s be=e its appe>ance 9 pr9t4 ,! fact is1 we f9d 9 ! play c]ta9 evid5t allusions :i* c\ld n possibly h be5 add$ be=e ! ye>s #afjc-d2 = in/ance1 ref]5ces to ! translators ( ,montaigne--,john ,florio1 & ! fri5ds :o aid$ him2--ref]5ces :i* mu/ h be5 made aft] ! ,essais 7 publi%$4 ,9 act i4 sc4 #b1 ,judicio speaks ( ! ,engli% ',flores ,poet>um1 aga9/ :om c-quaff+ huck/]s %oot _! pellets4' ,^! ',flores ,poet>um' are ,florio & 8 fell[-work]s1 among :om ,b5 ,jonson is also to be reckon$2 & we %all see f>!r on t ! latt] abuses ^! (f5sive huck/]s z 'v]nacul\s orators1' because !y make ,montaigne ! t>get ( _! sne]s4 ,aga91 9 act iv4 sc4 #b1 ,furor ,poeticus1 ,+5ioso1 & ,phantasma indulge 9 expressions :i* c only apply to ! ,d$ications & ! ,sonnets ( ,florio's translation4 ,phantasma1 = in/ance1 addresses an ,ode ( ,horace to himself3-- ',maec5as1 atavis edite regibus1 ,o et praesidium et dulce decus meum ,dii faciant votis vela secunda tuis4' ,! latt] l9e ought to run3-- ,sunt1 quos curriculo pulv]em ,olympicum1 & if we take into consid]ation t ,juror says 9 ! same sc5e3-- ,& :5 ?y swell+ v5ts ama91 ,!n ,pisces be ?y sport+ *amb]la91 x is n ass]t+ too mu* t ^! are manife/ hits at ,florio1 :o1 to please 8 ,maec5as1 tries ) ,dr4 ,diodati1 8 'guide-fi%' to capture ! ':ale' 9 ! 'rocke r\gh ocean4' ,florio's way ( translat+ ! ,lat9 classic writ]s into indiff]5t ,engli% rhymes is also repeat$ly ridicul$4 ,! latt] 7,florio1 p4 #egd47 once gives a passage f ,plautus 7,! ,captives1 ,prologue1 v4 #bb7 correctly en\gh3 ',! ,gods1 p]dye 7p>dieu71 doe reckon & racket u m5 z _! t5nis balls4' ,furor ,poeticus1 9 "o ( 8 fits ( f9e fr5zy1 accuses ,phoebus3-- ,! heav5s' promot] t do? peep & prey ,into ! acts ( mortal t5nis balls4 ,?is he says aft] hav+1 9 ! same highly comic spee*1 trave/i$ ,florio's ,d$ication ( ! ?ird book1 9 :i* t gallant comp>es himself to ',m]cury betwe5 ! radiant orbs ( ,v5us & ! ,moon'--t is1 ! two ladies to :om he d$icates ! book 9 "q1 & be=e :om he alleges he 'leads a dance4' ,a fur!r sne] is direct$ by ,furor ,poeticus aga9/ ! lazy mann] ) :i* ,florio's ,muse rises f h] ne/4 ,additional allusions to dramatic publications f ! ye>s #afjc-d w be f\nd on pp4 #bja1 #bjb4 ,ano!r pro( t ! play 7,! ,return f ,p>nassus7 _c be ( a uni=m ca/1 is ?is3 ,9 act i4 sc4 #b a li/ ( ! poets is giv51 t are to be criticis$4 ,! li/ is kept up 9 prop] succession z f> z ',john ,davis4' ,!n !re are v>iations1 & names n conta9$ 9 t li/4 ,^! additions mo/ly ref] to dramatic au?ors1 :il/ ! previ\s names1 z f> z ',john ,davis1' only ref] to lyric poets4 ,we believe ! int5tion ( ! fir/ writ] ( ,! ,return f ,p>nassus 0 only to criticise lyric poets4 ,moreov]1 ,monius says 9 ! ,prologue3--',:at is pres5t$ "h1 is an old mu/y %[1 t has la9 ?is twelvemon? 9 ! bottom ( a coal-h\se among/ brooms & old %oes4' ,our op9ion is t ,! ,return f ,p>nassus1 aft] hav+ be5 act$ be=e a le>n$ public at ,cambridge1 came into ! h&s ( play]s :o appli$ ! mann] 9 :i* lyric poets _h be5 criticis$ 9 x1 to dramatic writ]s4 ,! au?ors ( ! additions mu/ h be5 fri5ds ( ,%aksp]e2 =1 z we %all f9d1 ! enemies ( ! latt] are also !irs4 #b3 ,act iv4 sc4 #c4 #c3 ,9 ,! ,poeta/]1 ( :i* we %all speak f>!r on4 #d3 ,accord+ to c]ta9 indications 9 ,satiroma/ix1 he _h an 'ambl+' walk1 or danc+ k9d ( /ep4 7,see note #bh47 #e3 ,colli]'s ,memoirs ( ,alleyn1 pp4 #ej & #ea4 #f3 ,conv]sations ) ,drummond4 #g3 ,satiroma/ix1 #afjb4 #h3 ,colli]'s ,drama1 i4 #ccd4 #i3 ,poeta/]4 #aj3 ,comp>e 8 ,d$ication 9 ,volpone1 ( :i* we %all h m to say4 #aa3 ,drummond's ,conv]sations4 #ab3 ,( all /yles1 ,jonson lik$ be/ to be nam$ ',hone/2' & he 'ha? ane hundr$ lett]s s nam+ him4'--,conv]sations ) ,drummond4 #ac3 ,life ( ,dryd51 p4 #bfe4 #ad3 ,by ,aubrey call$ ',jack ,"y4' #ae3 ,z if ! :ole _w _h made x a po9t to conspire aga9/ ,jonson1 ,gif=d labori\sly ex]ts himself to def5d him aga9/ ! numb]less attacks ( all ! previ\s comm5tators1 critics1 & biograph]s4 ,! endeav\r ( ,gif=d to :itewa% him seems to me z fruitless a beg9n+ z t ( ! little innoc5t repres5t$ 9 a picture z try+ to *ange1 ) sponge & soap1 ! ,african col\r ( h] nurse's face4 #af3 ,jonson's ,eulogy ( ,%aksp]e 0 compos$ sev5 ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ! latt]4 ,hav+ mo/ probably be5 reque/$ by ,hem+e & ,condell n to )hold 8 tribute f ! dep>t$1 to :om bo? 8 contempor>ies z well z po/]ity _h done homage1 ,jonson may readily h seiz$ ! occasion to d am5ds = ! wrong he _h inflict$ ^u ! great poet dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,a lat] op9ion ( ,jonson 9 reg>d to ,%aksp]e 7,timb]2 or ,discov]ies made ^u ,m5 & ,matt]1 #afcj-cg7 is ( a m mod]ate tone1 & on "s po9ts 9 contradiction to ! words ( praise conta9$ 9 ! publi%$ poem4 #ag3 ,poeta/]1 ,apol4 ,dialogue4 #ah3 ,?is ,prologue is n conta9$ 9 ! fir/ edition 7#aeih71 b only 9 ! second 7#afaf74 ,x may1 !re=e1 h be5 writt5 9 ! meantime4 ,x is suppos$ t x 0 s 9 #afjf4 7,see ,%aksp]e's ,c5tury ( ,praise1 #ahgi1 pp4 #aah1 #aai47 #ai3 ,only a few ( ! e>lie/ productions ( ,jonson h come d[n to u4 ,"s ( !m are3 ,e ,man 9 ,8 ,hum\r 7#aeih72 ,e ,man out ( ,8 ,hum\r 7#aeii72 & ,cyn?ia's ,revels 7#afjj71 all ( !m full ( p]sonal allusions4 ,_m ( ^! are meant aga9/ ,%aksp]e4 ,we _c1 h[ev]1 ent] m fully ^u t1 z we h to conf9e ourselves to ! *ief controv]sy out ( :i* ,hamlet arose4 ,nei!r on ,jonson's nor on ,%aksp]e's "p did ! controv]sy cease aft] ! appe>ance ( ,hamlet4 ,x 0 /ill c>ri$ on ?r\gh sev]al dramas1 :i*1 h[ev]1 we leave unt\*$1 z n belong+ to our !me4 #bj3 ,see note #be4 #ba3 ,9 ,satiroma/ix ?is reproa* is made to ,b5 ,jonson3--',horace did n screw & wriggle himselfe into great ,m5s famyli>ity1 impud5tlie z ?\ doo/4' #bb3 ,gif=d1 9 8 n]v\s anxiety to p>ry e reproa* aga9/ 8 mu*-admir$1 &1 9 8 eyes1 blameless ,jonson ^: qu>relsom5ess _h f s _m p>ts be5 prop]ly *>g$1 & p>ticul>ly desir\s ( %ield+ him aga9/ ! accusation ( hav+ tak5 up an attitude ho/ile to ,%aksp]e1 decl>es1 9 contradiction to ! op9ion ( all previ\s comm5tators1 t ,crisp9us is to repres5t ,john ,m>/on4 ,s9ce !n1 ,gif=d's ass]tion has be5 tak5 = grant$1 )\t deep] inquiry4 ,! au?ority ( ?is fond editor ( ,jonson has1 h[ev]1 prov$ an untru/wor?y "o 9 _m ?+s1 especially 9 matt]s relat+ to ,%aksp]e4 ,?anks to ! ex]tions ( m rec5t inquir]s1 n a a few ?+s are n[ se5 9 a bett] p]spective ?an ,gif=d 0 able to (f]4 ,we admit ! difficulty ( recon/ruct+ facts f productions l ,! ,poeta/]1 :i* _h be5 dictat$ by ! ov]wr\ght feel+s ( ! mom5t4 ,b 9 a satire :i* br$ s mu* 'tumult1' :i* 'c\ld s deeply (f5d1' & '/ir s _m hornets' 7f\r hundr$ p]sons out ( five hundr$ be+ able to po9t ) _! f+]s1 9 "o in/ant1 at "o & ! same man71 ! *>act]s mu/ h be5 v broadly drawn = g5]al recognition4 ,by su* broad traits we mu/ /ill be guid$ 9 our judgm5t to-day4 ,all ! *>act]i/ic qualities ( ,crisp9us1 :i* we %all expla9 f>!r on1 prove t ,gif=d's idea ab\t ,crisp9us be+ ,john ,m>/on is n t5able4 ,?is latt] poet 0 v well v]s$ 9 ,greek & ,lat91 & _h a complete classic education4 ,! admonition ( ,horace to p]fect himself 9 bo? languages1 is !re=e n applicable to him4 ,fur!rmore1 ,m>/on1 at ! "t ,! ,poeta/] 0 compos$ 7?is may h be5 t[>ds ! end ( ! ye> #afjj1 or ! beg9n+ ( #afja71 _h sc>cely yet writt5 any?+ = ! /age4 ,only 8 ,metamorphosis ( ,pigmalion's ,image & ,c]ta9e ,satyres 7#aeih71 & 8 ,sc\rge ( ,villanie 7#aeii7 _h be5 publi%$4 ,8 fir/ trag$y came out 9 pr9t 9 #afjb2 x may j h be5 9 c\rse ( becom+ kn[n on ! /age4 ,we h no means ( asc]ta9+ :e!r x _h already be5 act$ :5 ,! ,poeta/] appe>$4 ,?is mu* is h[ev] c]ta91 t :5 ?is latt] satire obta9$ publicity1 ,m>/on's relations to ! drama & ! /age mu/ yet h be5 ( ! mo/ insignificant k9d2 = ,philip ,h5sl[e1 9 8 ,di>y 7pp4 #aef1 #aeg71 expressly speaks ( him1 ev5 9 #aeii1 z a 'new' poet to :om he _h l5t1 ?r\gh an int]m$i>y1 ! sum ( =ty %ill+s '9 e>ne/e ( a ,boocke1' ! title ( :i* is n m5tion$4 ,is x1 !n1 conceivable t su* a dramati/ :o 9 #afja c]ta9ly 0 yet v insignificant1 %\ld h be5 made ! subject1 9 #afja1 9 ,jonson's ,poeta/]1 ( ! foll[+ v *>act]i/ic rem>k--assum+ ,crisp9us to h be5 int5d$ = ,m>/on8 ,tucca says1 9 reg>d to ! =m]1 to a poor play] 7act iii4 sc4 i73--',if he p5 = !e once1 ?\ %alt n ne$ to travel ) ?y pumps full ( gravel any m1 aft] a bl9d jade & a hamp]1 & /alk ^u bo>ds & b>rel-heads to an old crack$ trumpet4' ,does ?is n q fit ,%aksp]e's popul>ity & dramatic success8 ,jonson1 x is true1 tells ,drummond t he _h writt5 8 ,poeta/] aga9/ ,m>/on4 7,accord+ to 8 decl>ation 9 ! ',apologetical ,dialogue1' !re is no?+ p]sonal 9 ! :ole ,poeta/]6 ',i c pr(ess ,i nev] writt t piece m innoc5t or empty ( (f5ce4'7 ,h[ev]1 we =m our judgm5t 9 ?is matt] f ! cle>1 well-m>k$1 & indubitably *>act]i/ic traits ( ! play1 z well z f ! results ( mod]n criticism1 :i* are fully 9 h>mony ) ^? traits4 ,ev]y?+ po9ts to ! figure ( ,ovid be+ a mask = ,m>/on4 ,jonson p]haps *ose ! "n ( ,ovid = him because he1 too1 _h writt5 ,metamorphoses4 ,besides ! be=e-m5tion$ ,metamorphosis ( ,pigmalion's ,image1 x is n improbable t ,m>/on is ! au?or ( ! manuscript pres]v$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3--,! ,new ,metamorphosis2 or1 ,a ,fea/e or ,fancie ( ,poeticall ,leg5des4 ,! fir/ p>te divid$ into twelve books4 ,writt5 by ,i4 ,m41 g5t41 #afjj4 ,ovid--,m>/on--9 ! ,poeta/]1 is describ$ z ! y\ng] son ( a g5tleman ( consid]able position4 ,he is dep5d5t on a /ip5d all[$ to him by 8 fa!r4 ,aft] hav+ absolv$ 8 /udies1 he is to become an advocate1 b secretly he devotes 8 "t to poetry4 ,! fa!r w>ns him t pov]ty w be 8 lot if he does n r5\nce poetry4 ,ovid s5ior makes ! foll[+ reproa* to 8 son 7:i* probably has ref]5ce to ,m>/on's fir/ trag$y1 ,antonio & ,mellida73--',i he> ( a trag$y ( y\rs com+ =? = ! common play]s !re1 call$ ,m$ea4 ,by my h\sehold gods1 if ,i come to ! act+ ( x1 ,i'll add "o tragic "p m ?an is yet expect$ to x4444 ,:at8 %all ,i h my son a /ag] n[8 an enghle = play]s8444 ,publius1 ,i w set !e on ! fun]al pile fir/6' ,all ?is h>monises ) ! few facts we "k ( ,m>/on's c>e]1 :o is said to h be5 ! son ( a c\nsellor ( ! ,middle ,temple1 :o 0 at ,corpus ,*ri/i ,college at ,ox=d1 & :o 0 made a baccalaureus !re on ,febru>y #bc1 #aeib4 ,9 comp>ison ) ,crisp9us & ,demetrius1 ,ovid is b mildly *aff$2 & ?is1 aga91 is 9 accord ) ! relations :i* soon aft] arose1 9 a v fri5dly mann]1 betwe5 ,jonson & ,m>/on4 ,x is sc>cely to be ?\ght t1 if ,m>/on _h be5 d]id$ z ,crisp9us1 he w\ld already h compos$1 z e>ly z #afjc1 8 eulogi/ic poem on ,jonson's ,sejanus1 & d$icat$ to him 9 #afjd1 9 su* he>ty words1 8 own ,malcont5t4 ,f "s po9t$ words 9 ! libel compos$ by ,crisp9us aga9/ ,horace1 ,gif=d concludes t ! =m] mu/ be ,m>/on1 because we meet ) ^! po9t$ words 9 "s satires & dramas ( ,m>/on4 ,we1 on our "p1 g1 9 ^! controv]sial plays1 by ! ma9 & mo/ prom95t *>act]i/ics2 & ^! %[ t ,crisp9us is ,%aksp]e1 & ,ovid ,m>/on4 ,! latt] ev5 once says 7,sc\rge ( ,villanie1 sat4 vi47 t _m a "o1 9 read+ 8 ,pigmalion1 has comp>$ him to ,ovid4 ,9 ord] to make out ,crisp9us to be guilty be=e ,augu/us1 /rong language is requir$4 ,= ?is purpose1 ,jonson may h us$ ! way & mann]s ( ,m>/on1 & appli$ "s ( 8 newly co9$ graphic words4 ,b ?is proves no?+ = ! id5tity ( *>act]s4 ,! libel also conta9s a po9t$ ^w ( ,%aksp]e--'retrograde'--an expression little employ$ by ! latt]1 & :i* is hurl$ z a reproa* aga9/ ,p>olles1 ! figure :i* 9 all likelihood is to repres5t ,jonson2 ,hel5a 7act i4 sc4 #b7 says to him1 t he 0 born "u ,m>s1 ':5 he 0 retrograde4' ,! rem>k 9 ,! ,return f ,p>nassus t few ( ! ,univ]sity c p5 plays well1 smell+ too mu* ( t writ] ,ovid & t writ] ,metamorphosis1 has1 9 our op9ion1 also ref]5ce to ,john ,m>/on ^: fir/ dramatic attempts--al?\gh he1 l ,jonson1 may be call$ a ',univ]sity man'--d n admit ( any comp>ison ) ^? ( ,%aksp]e4 #bc3 ,demetrius rep5t+ly admits t x 0 f envy he _h ill-treat$ ,horace1 because 'he kept bett] company = ! mo/ "p ?an ,i1 bett] m5 lov$ him ?an lov$ me2 & 8 writ+s ?riv$ bett] ?an m9e1 & 7 bett] lik$ & grac$4' #bd3 ,! little ^w 'clut*t' = a long "t '/icks /rangely' 9 ,crisp9us' ?roat2 x is only ?r[n up ) ! greate/ difficulty4 ,9 ,hamlet 7act v4 sc4 i1 9 ! second v]se ( ! grave-digg]'s song7 we he>1 ',ha? claw'd me 9 8 clut*4 ,9 ! orig9al song1 :i* is "h trave/i$1 ! words are1 ',ha? claw'd me ) 8 cr\*'4 #be3 ,! foll[+ allusion 9 ,! ,poeta/] 7act iv4 sc4 #c7 also has ref]5ce to ,twelf? ,night3--',i h read 9 a book t to play ! fool wisely is high wisdom4' ,= ,viola 7act iii4 sc4 i7 says3-- ,?is fell[ 's wise en\gh to play ! fool2 ,&1 to d t well1 craves a k9d ( wit444 ,z full ( lab\r z a wise man's art4 ,!re are sev]al indications 9 ,! ,poeta/] po9t+ to ,%aksp]e's ,julius ,caes> :i* _h appe>$ 9 ! same ye> 7#afja74 ,n only does ,horace say to ,trebatius t 'great ,caes>'s w>s _c be f\ght ) words1' b he also corrects ,%aksp]e1 :o makes ,antony 7act iii4 sc4 #b7 speak ( ,caes>'s g>d5s on ?is side ( ! ,tib]1 by putt+ into ! m\? ( ,horace 7act iii4 sc4 i7 ! words3--' ,on ! f> side ( all ,tyb] yond]4' ,9 ?is sc5e1 :]e ! two ,pyrgi are exam9$1 !re are "s m allusions to ,julius ,caes>4 ,ev5 ! boy1 ^: in/rum5t ,brutus takes away :5 he is asleep1 is n want+4 ,9 ,! ,poeta/] x is a drum1 in/ead ( a lyre 7! drum 9 ,all's ,well t ,ends ,well74 ,& are ! foll[+ words ( ! same sc5e no satire ^u act i4 sc4 #c ( ,julius ,caes>1 :]e ,casca & ,cic]o meet amid/ ?und] & lightn+8 #b ,pyrgi4 ,:]e art ?\1 boy8 :]e is ,calipolis8 ,fight e>?quakes 9 ! entrails ( ! e>?1 ,& ea/]n :irlw9ds 9 ! helli% %ades2 ,"s f\l contagion ( ! infect$ heav5s ,bla/ all ! trees1 & 9 _! curs$ tops ,! dismal night-rav5 & tragic owl ,bre$ & become =]unn]s ( my fall6 ,casca dwells especially on ! 'bird ( night4' #bf3 ,! y1 9 ,pygmalion1 seems to u n )\t cause to be *ang$ by ,m>/on into an i4 #bg3 ,! numb] ( metaphors us$ by ,%aksp]e 9 ',v5us & ,adonis1' :i* ,m>/on trave/ies1 is /rik+ly l>ge4 #bh3 ,a few in/ances may "h be giv5 ( ! co>s5ess ) :i* ,dekk] pays back ,jonson = 8 p]sonal allusions4 ,9 ,! ,poeta/]1 ,crisp9us is told t 8 'sat9-sleeve beg9s to fret at ! rug t is und]nea? x4' ,9 ,satiroma/ix1 ,tucca cries out aga9/ ,horace 7,jonson73--',?\ nev] yet fel'/ into ! h&s ( satt94' ,& aga93--',?\ borr[$/ a g[ne ( ,roscius ! /ag]1 & s5te/ x home l\sie4' ,crisp9us1 9 ,! ,poeta/]1 is d]id$ on acc\nt ( 8 %ort legs4 ,9 ,satiroma/ix1 ,horace is laugh$ at = 8 'ambl+' walk2 :]e=e he _h s badly play$ mad ,j]onimo's "p4 ,jonson is reproa*$ ) all 8 s9s3 t he _h kill$ a play]2 t he _h n ?\ght x necess>y to keep 8 ^w to ^? :om he held to be h]etics & infidels1 & s =?4 ,8 face1 :i*1 z above m5tion$1 _h scorbutic m>ks1 is /at$ to be 'l a rott5 russet apple :5 x is bruiz'd'2 or1 l ! cov] ( a w>m+-pan1 'full ( oylet-holes4' ,he is call$ an 'uglie ,pope ,bonifacius2' also a 'bricklay]2' & he is ask$ :y1 in/ead ( build+ *imneys & lay+ d[n bricks1 he makes 'no?+ b railes'--'fil?y rott5 railes'--^u :i* alone 8 ,muse leans4 7',railes' has a d\ble mean+ "h3 rails = f5c+ 9 a h\se2 & gibes47 ,he is told t 8 feet /amp z if he _h mort> "u !m--an allusion to 8 metrics1 z well z to 8 ambl+ walk4 #bi3 ,%aksp]e 0 already !n ! proprietor ( a h\se--,new ,place1 9 ,/rat=d4 ,9 ?is sc5e ,horace also asks ,crisp9us3--',y h mu* ( ! "m 9 y1 sir8 ,y\r fa!r is dead8' ,john ,%aksp]e1 ! fa!r1 di$ 9 ! ye> :5 ,! ,poeta/] 0 fir/ p]=m$--9 ,septemb]1 #afja4 #cj3 ,twelf? ,night1 act iii4 sc4 #b4 ,sir ,toby3--',let !re be gall 9 ?y ink1 ?\gh ?\ write ) a goose-p54' #ca3 ,"h ,crisp9us ?reat5s ,horace ) ! 'purge' 7a ^w t may be us$ z a n\n or a v]b71 :i*1 9 ,! ,return f ,p>nassus1 is m5tion$ z hav+ be5 adm9i/]$ by ,%aksp]e to ,jonson4 ,x is highly probable t ! reconciliation betwe5 ,crisp9us & ,horace1 :i* is describ$ 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,satiroma/ix1 _h tak5 place betwe5 ,%aksp]e & ,b5 ,jonson1 & t1 dur+ ?is p]iod ( peace1 ! p]=mance ( ,sejanus occurr$1 9 :i* ,%aksp]e actively co-op]at$4 ,aft] t1 traces ( ho/ility only are to be discov]$ betwe5 ! two poets4 ,ev5 :5 ,horace1 9 ! ',satiroma/ix1' has aga9 brok5 ! peace1 ! g5tle ,crisp9us says to him3-- ,7 ?y w>pt s\le put 9 a new molde1 ,i'd we>e !e z a jewell set 9 golde4 #cb3 ,! ,satiroma/ix 0 p]=m$ 9 #afjb1 probably 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! ye>1 z ! ,epilogue speaks ( cold wea!r1 & ,dekk] sc>cely w\ld h wait$ a ye> ) 8 answ] to ,! ,poeta/]4 ,que5 ,elizabe? di$ 9 #afjc4 ,ano!r dec5nium _h to pass 7,%aksp]e _h long s9ce )drawn to 8 ,/rat=d7 be=e ! ta/e ( ,:itehall _h be5 s mu* l[]$ t ,jonson c\ld become a fav\rite ( ! c\rtly elem5t4 #cc3 ,9 su* type x is pr9t$ 9 ! orig9al4 #cd3 ,9 ,satiroma/ix1 ,capta9 ,tucca once bawls out aga9/ ,horace1 ',my "n's ,hamlet ,rev5ge6' z if x _h become kn[n already !n 9 ! dramatic _w t ,%aksp]e 0 prep>+ 8 reply to ,! ,poeta/]4 ,9 ! latt] play 7act iii4 sc4 ,i7 :i* 0 probably add$ aft] ,! ,poeta/] _h already be5 act$1 & ,jonson _h he>d t ,dekk] 0 writ+ 8 ,satiroma/ix71 ,jonson makes a play] f ! o!r side ( ! ,tib] say3--',we h hir$ him to abuse ,horace1 & br+ him 91 9 a play1 ) all 8 gallants1 z ,tibullus1 ,meca5as1 ,cornelius ,gallus1 & ! re/4444,o1 x w get u a huge deal ( money1 ,capta91 & we h ne$ on't2 = ?is w9t] has made u all poor] ?an s _m />v$ snakes4 ,nobody comes at u1 n a g5tleman1 nor a--' ,9 ! same sc5e ,tucca utt]s curses1 be=e t play]1 aga9/ ! !atres on ! o!r side ( ! ,tib]4 ,! actor he addresses belongs to "o ( !m4 ,tucca m5tions two !atres by "n--'y\r ,globes1 & y\r ,triumphs4' ,he says to ! actor3--',comm5d me to sev5 %>es & a half4' ,%akesp]e & 8 colleagues _h c]ta9 fix$ %>es 9 ! ',globe2' & ! words ( ! actor1 z reg>ds ! poor w9t] !y _h1 confirm t :i* ,%aksp]e gives to und]/& 9 ,hamlet1 t '!re 01 = a :ile1 no money bid = argum5t1 unless ! poet & ! play] w5t to cuffs 9 ! "q4' ,,vi4 ',,volpone1' by ,b5 ,jonson4 ',,ea/w>d ,,hoe1' by ,*apman1 ,b5 ,jonson1 & ,m>/on4 ',,! ,,malcont5t1' by ,john ,m>/on4 ,b5 ,jonson's ',volpone' 0 fir/ act$ 9 #afje2 & on ,febru>y #aa1 #afjg1 x appe>$ 9 pr9t4 #a ,x is prec$$ by a ,d$ication1 9 :i* ! au?or d$icates 'bo? x & himself' to '! mo/ noble & mo/ equal si/]s1 ! two fam\s ,univ]sities1' 9 grateful ackn[l$gm5t '= _! love & acceptance %[n to ?is ,poem 9 ! pres5tation4' ,9 ?is ,d$ication ! mo/ passionate language is us$ aga9/ all contempor>y poets--especially aga9/ ^? :o n[1 he says1 practise '9 dramatic1 z !y t]m x3 /age-poetry1 no?+ b ribaldry1 pr(anation1' & 'all lic5ce ( (f5ce to ,god & man4' ,_! petulancy1 he cont9ues1 'ha? n only rapt me to pres5t indignation1 b made me /udi\s h]et(ore2' = by !m '! fil? ( ! "t is utt]$1 & ) su* impropriety ( phrase1 su* pl5ty ( solecisms1 su* de>? ( s5se1 s bold prolepses1 s rack$ metaphors1 ) bro!lry able to violate ! e> ( a pagan1 & blasphemy to turn ! blood ( a ,*ri/ian to wat]4' ,jonson expresses 8 purpose ( /&+ (f f !m 7! /age-poets7 'by all 8 actions4' ,solemnly he utt]s ?is v[3--',i %all raise ! despis$ head ( poetry aga91 &1 /ripp+ h] out ( ^? rott5 & base rags :]e) ! times h adult]at$ h] =m1 re/ore h] to h] primitive habit1 feature1 & maje/y1 & r5d] h] wor?y to be embrac$ & ki/ ( all ! great & ma/]-spirits ( our _w4' ,?is object ( 8--he adds--'may mo/ appe> 9 ?is my late/ "w 7',volpone'71 :i* y1 mo/ le>n$ ,arbitresses1 h se51 judg$1 &1 to my cr[n1 approv$2 :]e9 ,i h lab\r$ = _! in/ruction & am5dm5t1 to r$uce1 n only ! anci5t =ms1 b mann]s ( ! sc5e1 ! eas9ess1 ! propriety1 ! innoc5ce1 & la/1 ! doctr9e1 :i* is ! pr9cipal end ( poesie1 to in=m m5 9 ! be/ reason ( liv+4' ,all contempor>y dramati/s are mo/ pitilessly condemn$ by ,b5 ,jonson1 & ! cause ( 8 pres5t indignation is cle>ly /at$3 ',a "n s full ( au?ority1 antiquity1 & all great m>k1 is1 ?r\gh _! insol5ce1 become ! l[e/ scorn ( ! age2' moreov]1 'my 7,jonson's7 fame1 & ! reputation ( div]s hone/ & le>n$1 are ! "q--t is to say1 h be5 injur$4 ,z 9 ',volpone1' :]e9 ,jonson1 z he /ates1 'lab\r$ = _! 7! contempor>y poets'7 in/ruction & am5dm5t1' we %all f9d mo/ num]\s allusions to ,%aksp]e & ',hamlet1' we feel ju/ifi$ 9 ass]t+ t ,jonson's :ole fury is1 9 8 'pres5t indignation1' r\s$ aga9/ ?is p>ticul> au?or & aga9/ ?is special drama4 ,!re91 z we h %[n1 a "n ( au?ority1 antiquity1 & all great m>k--,montaigne--has be5 tamp]$ )1 &1 ?r\gh ?is satire1 div]s hone/ & le>n$ 7,john ,florio & 8 coadjutors 9 ! translation--all fri5ds ( ,jonson7 h be5 injur$1 z well z ! latt]'s own fame4 ,9 ',hamlet1' ,%aksp]e br\ght 8 own ideal ( fri5d%ip 9 ! figure ( ,horatio on ! /age1 9 contra/ to ! ,horace ( ',! ,poeta/]4' ,jonson 0 n ! man to be edifi$ by ! beautiful examples & ! nobl] words ( 8 g5tle adv]s>y1 ,%aksp]e1 or to alt] 8 s5tim5ts 9 accordance ) !m4 ,he r welcom$ e opportunity = a qu>rel4 ,t 0 ! elem5t 9 :i* he liv$2 = ?us he got ! mat]ials & ! spicy condim5ts = 8 dramas4 ,n[ 9 ',hamlet' !re 7 motives en\gh = light+ up a fire ( hatr$ aga9/ ,%aksp]e1 & to ent]ta9 ! public !re)4 ,jonson1 always ready = battle1 will+ly takes up ! p5 9 _! def5ce4 ,9 do+ s1 ! fav\r ( a nobleman & ( "s high-born ladies c\ld be e>n$1 at ^: wi% & reque/ ,montaigne _h be5 ,engli%$4 ,besides1 e occasion 0 reli%$ = oppos+ ,%aksp]e1 :o _h attack$ ,montaigne ^: religi\s cre$ 0 ! same z t ( ,jonson4 ,! ,briti% ,museum possesses a copy ( ',volpone1' on :i* ,jonson has1 ) 8 own h&1 writt5 ! words3--',to 8 lov+ fa!r & lov+ fre9d1 ,mr4 ,john ,florio1 ! ayde ( 8 ,muses3 ,b5 ,jonson seals ?is te/emony ( fre9d%ip & love4' ,n ! gift ( ?is little book1 h[ev]1 b its cont5ts--namely1 ! attack :i* ,jonson made1 bo? = ! sake ( 8 fri5d & = himself1 aga9/ ! great antagoni/ 7,%aksp]e7--mu/ be held to be ! tok5 or 'te/emony ( fre9d%ip & love4' ,9 ! v beg9n+ ( ! ,d$ication1 ,jonson says t e au?or ought to be he$ful ( 8 fame3--',nev]1 mo/ equal si/]s1 _h any man a wit s pres5tly excell5t z t x c\ld raise itself1 b !re mu/ come bo? matt]1 occasion1 comm5d]s1 & fav\r]s to x4 ,if ?is be true1 & t ! =tune ( all writ]s do? daily prove x1 x behoves ! c>eful to provide well t[>ds ^! accid5ts2 &1 hav+ acquir$ !m1 to pres]ve t "p ( reputation mo/ t5d]ly1 :]e9 ! b5efit ( a fri5d is also def5d$4' ,he !n ass]ts t ?is is an age 9 :i* poetry1 & ! pr(essors ( x1 are s ill-spok5 ( on all sides because1 9 _! petulancy1 !y h yet to le>n t "o _c be a good poet )\t fir/ be+ a good man4 ,9 ! foll[+ passage1 curi\sly en\gh1 a c]ta9 p]son is extoll$ z ! model ( a good man1 aga9/ :om ! /age dramati/s1 :o !mselves1 accord+ to ,jonson1 are n good m5 7'no?+ rema9+ ) !m ( ! dignity ( ! poet'71 h1 z he ?9ks1 griev\sly s9n$3--',he t is said to be able to in=m "y m5 to all good discipl9es1 inflame gr[n m5 to all great virtues1 keep old m5 9 _! be/ & supreme /ate1 or1 z !y decl9e to *ildhood1 recov] !m to _! fir/ /r5g?2 #b t comes =? ! int]pret] & arbit] ( nature1 a tea*] ( ?+s div9e no less ?an human1 #c a ma/] 9 mann]s2 & c alone1 or ) a few1 effect ! bus9ess ( mank9d3 #d ?is1 ,i take him1 is no subject = pride & ance to ex]cise _! rail+ rhetoric ^u4' ,9 ?is description we aga9 see ,montaigne1 aga9/ :om 'rail+ rhetoric' has be5 us$4 ,b5 ,jonson pr\dly po9ts to himself z hav+ nev] done su* mis*ief3 ',= my p>ticul>1 ,i c1 & f a mo/ cle> consci5ce1 affirm t ,i h ev] trembl$ to ?9k t[>d ! lea/ pr(an5ess4' ,?\gh--he says--he _c :olly escape 'f "s ! imputation ( %>pness1' he does n feel guilty ( hav+ (f]$ insult to anyone1 'except to a mimic1 *eat]1 bawd1 or buffoon4' ,b--',i w\ld ask ( ^! sup]cili\s politics1 :at nation1 society1 or g5]al ord] ( /ate ,i h provok$8 444 ,:at public p]son8 ,:e!r ,i h n1 9 all ^!1 pres]v$ _! dignity1 z m9e own p]son1 safe8 444 ,:]e h ,i be5 p>ticul>8 :]e p]sonal8' ,:o does n see 9 ! foll[+ words a reproa* laun*$ aga9/ ,%aksp]e1 t he has tak5 8 mat]ials f o!r writ]s8 ,:o does n feel t ! w>n+ address$ to 'wise & noble p]sons' has ref]5ce to ! highly plac$ protectors ( ! great rival ^: fav\r ,b5 ,jonson1 9 spite ( 8 ,lat9 & ,greek1 0 n able to obta98 ,he says3-- ',application' 7t is1 plagi>ism7 'is n[ gr[n a trade ) _m2 & !re are t pr(ess to h a key = ! decyph]+ ( ev]y?+3 b let wise & noble p]sons take he$ h[ !y be too cr$ul\s1 or give leave to ^! invad+ int]pret]s to be ov]-famili> ) _! fames1 :o cunn+ly1 & (t51 utt] _! own virul5t malice "u o!r m5's simple/ mean+s4' ,jonson !n approves ( ^? 'sev]e & wise patriots' :o1 9 ord] to provide aga9/ '! hurts ^! lic5ti\s spirits may d 9 a ,/ate1' r desire to see plays full ( 'fools & devils1' & '^? antique relics ( b>b>ism' 7he means ',masques1' :i* he wrote ) great virtuoso%ip7 act$ on ! /age1 ?an 'behold ! w\nds ( private m51 ( pr9ces & nations4' ,& n[ we come to ! passage1 p>tly already quot$1 :i* m ?an any?+ else %[s t ! 'purge' :i* 'our fell[ ,%aksp]e gave him'--',hamlet'--mu/ h greatly damag$1 9 ! eyes ( ! public1 bo? ! reputation ( ,jonson & ( 8 fri5ds4 ,he confesses x 9 ^! rem>kable words3-- ',i _c b be s]i\s 9 a cause ( ?is nature1 :]e9 my fame1 & ! reputation ( div]s hone/ & le>n$ are ! "q2 :5 a "n s full ( au?ority1 antiquity1 & all great m>k1 is1 ?r\gh _! insol5ce1 become ! l[e/ scorn ( ! age2 & ^? m5 subject to ! petulancy ( e v]nacul\s orator1 t 7 wont to be ! c>e ( k+s & happie/ mon>*s4' #e ,is !re a "*1 we may ask1 n only 9 ,%aksp]e's dramas1 b 9 any play ( t p]iod1 to :i* ! description giv5 by ,jonson c\ld apply8--( c\rse1 ,hamlet always except$1 :o is b a mask = ,montaigne4 ,& :o else b ,montaigne is designat$ by ! expressions3 'a "n s full ( au?ority1 antiquity1 & all great m>k2' '! c>e ( k+s & happie/ mon>*s8' ,t ! 'rail+ rhetoric' 9 :i* su* a "* 0 d]id$1 c\ld n be conta9$ 9 a satirical poem1 b _h ref]5ce to a drama1 is prov$1 z already expla9$1 by ! fact ( ,jonson's wra? be+ direct$ aga9/ ! /age-poets4 ,he says expressly1 t h5ce=?1 by all 8 actions1 he w '/& (f f !m4' ,to ! mo/ le>n$ au?orities1 ! two ,univ]sities1 he ann\nces t1 by 8 own regul> art1 he int5ds giv+ ^! wayw>d disciples ( ,dramatic ,poesy prop] in/ruction & am5dm5t4 ,_h 8 object n be5 to /rike ! mo/ popul> ( ! /age-poets--,%aksp]e--he w\ld h be5 b\nd to make an exception = t "n ( :i* ev]yone mu/ h ?\ght fir/ :5 /age-poets 7 subject$ to repro(4 ,we repeat3 ,jonson only int5d$ measur+ himself aga9/ him :o 0 ! greate/ ( 8 "t4 ,?is 0 fully 9 accordance ) 8 disputati\s incl9ation4 #f ,! p]son once 'wont to be ! c>e ( k+s & happie/ mon>*s' #g mu/ h be5 a =eign]1 = we d n "k ( any fav\rite 'full ( au?ority & antiquity' :o enjoy$ su* high privilege f ,engli% k+s4 ,h[ev]1 if a dramati/ _h be5 bold en\gh to put su* a fav\rite on ! /age1 he w\ld h met ) ! mo/ sev]e puni%m5t long be=e ,jonson _h po9t$ out 8 repreh5sible audacity4 ,by ! 'happie/ mon>*s1' ,h5ry ,,iii4 & ,h5ry ,,iv4 ( ,france are meant4 ,! latt]1 at t "t1 yet /ood 9 ! z5i? ( 8 good =tune4 ,aga91 ! expression3 '( e v]nacul\s orator1' po9ts to ! circum/ance ( ! mock]y be+ direct$ aga9/ a =eign]2 & ! same may be said ( ,jonson's "q1 address$ to sup]cili\s politicians1 z to :at nation1 society1 or g5]al ord] ( ,/ate he _h provok$8 ,cle>ly1 ano!r nation1 a society ( diff]5t modes ( ?\ght ?an ! ,engli% "o1 & =eign in/itutions1 are "h indicat$4 ,we n[ come to "s h9ts conta9$ 9 ',volpone1' :i* p>tly consi/ ( an endeav\r to expose ,%aksp]e on acc\nt ( plagi>isms committ$ aga9/ o!r writ]s1 p>tly ( ref]5ces to irreligi\s t5d5cies1 aga9/ :i* ,jonson w>ns1 & :i* he /rives to ridicule4 ,"u ! exi/+ /rict laws :i* =bade religi\s que/ions be+ discuss$ on ! /age1 ! latt] ref]5ces _h to be made 9 p>able mann]1 b /ill n too cov]tly1 s t !y might be und]/ood by a c]ta9 audi5ce--namely1 ! memb]s ( ! ,univ]sities ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge4 #h ,already1 9 ! ,prologue ( 8 ',volpone1' ,jonson says ( himself t-- ,9 all 8 poems /ill ha? be5 ?is measure1 ,to mix pr(it ) y\r pleasure4 ,he also despises c]ta9 deceptive tricks ( composition3-- ,nor hales he 9 a gull old ends recit+1 ,to /op gaps 9 8 loose writ+2 ,) su* a deal ( mon/r\s & =c$ action1 ,z might make ,be?lem a faction3 ,nor made he 8 play = je/s /ol5 f ea* table1 ,b makes je/s to fit 8 fable4444 ,! laws ( "t1 place1 p]sons he obs]ve?1 ,f no ne$ful rule he sw]ve?4 ,9 ! obs]vance ( ! te*nical rules ( ! classic drama--?is mu* ,jonson c\ld c]ta9ly prove to ! _w--he 0 sup]ior to ,%aksp]e4 ,! sev]e words3 'mon/r\s & =c$ action1' c only ref] to a drama writt5 n long be=e2 =1 9 ',volpone1' ,jonson wi%es to give to ! /age-poets ( 8 "t 8 own ideal ( a drama4 ',be?lem' 7,b$lam7 indicates madness r\nd :i* all k9ds ( lunatics might ga!r z faction>ies or adh]5ts ( ! k9d ( drama :i* ,jonson wi%es to /igmatise4 ,d we g too f> 9 ?9k+ t ',hamlet' is ! play :i* is made ! t>get ( allusions 9 ?is v ,prologue8 ,h[ev]1 we proce$ at once to ! ,int]lude :i* foll[s aft] ! fir/ sc5e ( ! fir/ act ( ',volpone4' ,9 x1 ,%aksp]e himself is practically put on ! /age1 by be+ ask$3 h[ ( late ?\ ha/ suff]$ translation1 ,& %ift$ ?y coat 9 ^! days ( re=mation4 ,?is ,int]lude is 9 no connection ) ! c\rse ( ! dramatic action4 ,mosca1 a p>asite1 br+s 91 = ! ent]ta9m5t ( 8 ma/] 7,volpone71 ?ree m]ry ,jack ,&rews4 ,"o ( !m1 ,&rogyno1 mu/ be held to be ,,%aksp]e4 ,"h we h to note t ,francis ,m]es1 a s*ol> ( great repute1 & ,m4,a4 ( bo? ,univ]sities1 wrote 9 #aeih a book1 entitl$ ',palladis ,tamia1' :i* 9 ,engli% he calls ',wit's ,treasury4' ,x conta9s1 s f> z ! sixte5? c5tury is conc]n$1 ! mo/ valuable /atem5ts z reg>ds ,%aksp]e3 nay1 ! only tru/wor?y ones dat+ f t c5tury4 ,9 t "w1 ,m]es classifies & criticises ! poets ( 8 "t & c\ntry by comp>+ ea* ( !m ) "s ,greek or ,roman poet1 k9dr$ to ! correspond+ ,engli% "o 9 ! l9e ( production *os5 & 9 quality4 ,b5 ,jonson is only m5tion$ once1 at a v mode/ place2 8 "n /&s la/1 aft] ,*apman & ,dekk]4 ,m]es conf]s ^u ,%aksp]e mo/ en?usia/ic b j praise3-- ',z ! s\le ( ,euphorbus 0 ?\ght to live 9 ,py?agoras3 s ! sweete1 wittie s\l ( ,ovid lives 9 melliflu\s & hony-tongu$ ,%akespe>e2 witness 8 ',v5us & ,adonis2' 8 ',lucrece2' 8 sugr$ ',sonnets' among 8 private fri5ds4444 ,z ,plautus & ,s5eca are acc\nt$ ! be/ = ,com$y & ,trag$y among/ ! ,lat9es3 s ,%aksp]e among ! ,engli% is ! mo/ excell5t 9 bo? k9ds = ! /age4' ,he !n m5tions twelve ( 8 plays1 #i & ?us concludes 8 eulogy3-- ',z ,epius ,/olo said t ! ,muses w\ld speake ) ,plautus tongue1 if !y w\ld speak ,lat93 s ,i say t ! ,muses w\ld speak ) ,%akespe>e's f9e fil$ phrases if !y w\ld speake ,engli%4' ,! envi\s ,jonson :o pl$ges himself1 9 ! ,d$ication to ! two ,univ]sities1 to give back to ,poesy its =m] maje/y1 may h consid]$ x necess>y1 be=e all1 to d]ide1 be=e a le>n$ audi5ce1 ! en?usia/ic praise conf]r$ by ,francis ,m]es ^u ,%aksp]e1 z well z ,%aksp]e himself on acc\nt ( ! free religi\s t5d5cies he _h express$ 9 ',hamlet' ,?is is done1 z we said1 9 ! ,int]lude prep>$ by ,mosca = ! ent]ta9m5t ( 8 ma/]4 ,volpone boa/s ( ! clev] mann] ) :i* he ga9s ri*es3-- ,i use no trade1 no v5ture2 ,i w\nd no e>? ) pl\gh%>es1 fat no bea/s ,to fe$ ! %ambles2 h no mills = iron1 ,oil1 corn1 or m51 to gr9d !m into p[d]3 444 expose no %ips ,to ?reat5+s ( ! furr[-fac$ sea2 ,i turn no monies 9 ! public bank1 ,nor usure private4 ,mosca1 9 ord] to flatt] 8 ma/]1 cont9ues ! spee* ( ! latt] 9 ! same /ra93-- 444 ,no1 sir1 nor dev\r ,s(t prodigals4 ,y %all h "s w swall[ ,a melt+ heir z glibly z y\r ,dut* ,w pills ( butt]1 & ne'er purge = x2 #aj ,te> =? ! fa!rs ( poor families ,out ( _! b$s1 & c(f9 !m alive ,9 "s k9d clasp+ prison1 :]e _! bones ,may be =?com+1 :5 ! fle% is rott53 ,b y\r sweet nature do? abhor ^! c\rses2 ,y lo! ! wid['s or ! orphan's te>s ,%\ld wa% y\r pavem5ts1 or _! pite\s cries ,r+ 9 ! ro(s1 & beat ! air = v5geance4 ,we h "h an allusion to ,hamlet1 #aa :]e he asks ! ,gho/ :y ! sepul*re has op5$ its 'pond]\s & m>ble jaws' to ca/ him up aga92 also to ! ,que5 & :ilom wid[2 &1 fur!rmore1 to ! orphans1 ,ophelia & ,la]tes1 & to ! te>s %$ by ! latt] at 8 si/]'s dea?4 ,! cry ( v5geance ref]s to ! simil> utt]ances ( ! ,gho/1 ( ,hamlet1 & ( ,la]tes1 :o all seek rev5ge4 ,mosca1 ) a view ( prep>+ = 8 ma/] a pleasure m suitable to 8 ta/e ?an t :i* a play l ',hamlet1' we suppose1 c\ld af=d him1 br+s 9 ! ?ree game/]s3--,nano1 a dw>f2 ,ca/rone1 a eunu*2 & ,&rogyne1 a h]maphrodite4 #ab ,! latt] is meant to repres5t ,%aksp]e2 = he is introduc$ by ,nano z a s\l com+ f ,apollo1 :i* migrat$ ?r\gh ,euphorbus & ,py?agoras 7,m]es uses ^! two names 9 8 eulogy ( ! s\l ( ,%aksp]e74 #ac ,aft] hav+ rec\nt$ sev]al o!r /ages 9 ! migration ( ,&rogyne's s\l 7we %all m5tion !m fur!r on71 ! latt] has to give an answ] :y he has '%ift$ 8 coat 9 ^! days ( re=mation1' & :y 8 'dogmatical sil5ce' has left him4 ,he replies t an ob/rep]\s ',sir ,lawy]' _h induc$ him to d s4 ,f ?is x may be conclud$ t ,bacon _h "s influ5ce on ,%aksp]e's ',hamlet4' ,are n1 9 poetical mann]1 ! same pr9ciples advocat$ 9 ',hamlet1' :i* ,bacon promot$ 9 sci5ce8 #ad ,aft] ! ,h]maphrodite has admitt$ t he has become 'a good dull mule1' #ae he av[s t he is n[ a v /range bea/1 an ass1 an actor1a h]maphrodite1 & a fool2 & t he m especially reli%es ?is latt] condition ( 81 = 9 all o!r =ms1 z ,jonson makes him confess1 he has 'prov$ mo/ di/ress$4' #af ,let u n[ quote f ?is ,int]lude "s highly-spic$ satirical passages4 ,nano1 ! dw>f1 com+ 9 ) ,&rogyno & ,ca/rone1 asks = room = ! new game/]s or play]s1 & says to ! public3-- ,!y d br+ y nei!r play1 nor univ]sity %[2 ,& !re=e d intreat y t :atsoev] !y rehe>se1 ,may n f>e a :it ! worse1 = ! false pace ( ! v]se4 #ag ,if y wond] at ?is1 y w wond] m ere we pass1 ,= "k1 "h #ah is inclos$ ! s\l ( ,py?agoras1 #ai ,t juggl] div9e1 z h]eaft] %all foll[2 ,:i* s\l1 fa/ & loose1 sir1 came fir/ f ,apollo4 ,x is expla9$ h[ t s\l aft]w>ds transmigrat$ into '! goldy-lock$ ,euphorbus :o 0 kill$1 9 good fa%ion1 at ! siege ( old ,troy1 by ! cuckold ( ,sp>ta2' h[ x !n pass$ into ,h]motimus1 ':]e no soon] x 0 miss+1 b ) "o ,pyrrhus ( ,delos #bj x le>n$ to g a-fi%+2' #ba h[ !nce x did ent] ! ,sophi/ ( ,greece1 ,py?agoras4 ,aft] hav+ be5 *ang$ into :om1 %e became a philosoph]1 ,crates ! cynick1 z itself do? relate x3 #bb ,s9ce k+s1 knights & begg>s1 knaves1 lords1 & fools get x1 ,besides ox & ass1 camel1 mule1 goat1 & brock1 #bc ,9 all :i* x has spoke1 z 9 ! cobbl]'s cock4 #bd ,nano's pres5t int5tion1 h[ev]1 is n to ref] to su* ?+s3-- ,b ,i come n "h to disc\rse ( t matt]1 ,or 8 "o1 two1 or ?ree1 or 8 great oa?1 ,,by ,,quat]1 #be ,8 musics1#bf 8 trigon1 8 gold5 ?igh1 #bg ,or 8 tell+ h[ elem5ts #bh %ift3 b ,i ,w\ld ask1 h[ ( late ?\ ha/ suff]$ translation ,& %ift$ ?y coat 9 ^! days ( ,re=mation4 ,&rogyno4 ,l "o ( ! re=m$1 a fool1 z y see1 ,,c\nt+ ,,all ,,old ,,doctr9e ,,h]esie4 ,nano4 ,b n on ?9e own =bid meats ha/ ?\ v5tur$4 ,&rogyno4 ,on fi%1 :5 fir/ a ,c>?usian ,i ent]$4#bi ,nano4 ,:y1 !n ?y dogmatical sil5ce ha? left !e8 ,&rogyno4 ,( t an ob/rep]\s lawy] b]eft me4 ,nano4 ,o wond]ful *ange1 :5 sir lawy] =sook !e6 ,= ,py?agore's sake1 :at body !n took !e8 ,&rogyno4 ,a good dull mule4 ,nano4 ,& h[6 by t means ,?\ w]t br\ght to all[ ( ! eat+ ( beans8 ,&rogyno4 ,yes4 ,nano4 ,b f ! mule into :om did/ ?\ pass8 ,&rogyno4 ,into a v /range bea/1 by "s writ]s call$ an ass2 ,by o!rs1 a precise1 pure1 illum9ate bro!r1 ,( ^? dev\r fle%1 & sometimes "o ano!r2 ,& w drop y =? a libel1 or a sanctifi$ lie1 ,betwixt e spoonful ( a ,nativity #cj pie4 ,nano !n admoni%es ,&rogyno to quit t pr(ane nation4 ,&rogyno answ]s t he gladly rema9s 9 ! %ape ( a fool & a h]maphrodite4 ,to ! "q ( ,nano1 z to :e!r he likes rema9+ a h]maphrodite 9 ord] to 'v>y ! delight ( ea* sex1' ,&rogyno replies3-- ,alas1 ^? pleasures be /ale & =sak52 ,no 't is y\r fool :]e) ,i am s tak51 ,! only "o creature t ,i c call$ bless$2 ,= all o!r =ms ,i h prov$ mo/ di/ress$4 ,nano4 ,spoke true1 z ?\ w]t 9 ,py?agoras /ill4 ,?is le>n$ op9ion we celebrate w1444 ,) a song1 prais+ fools1 ! ,int]lude closes4 ,9 act ii4 sc4 #b1 aft] ,mosca & ,volpone h erect$ a /age ^u ! /age1 ,volpone ent]s1 disguis$ z a m\ntebank1 & abuses ^? 'gr\nd ci>latani' 7*>latans1 impo/ors7 ':o come 9 lamely1 ) _! m\ldy tales out ( ,boccaccio4' ,!n !re is a mo/ cle> allusion to ,hamlet 7act iv4 sc4 #f71 :]e he in=ms 8 fri5d ,horatio1 by lett]1 ( 8 voyage to ,engl& :5 he 0 made prison] by pirates1 :o dealt ) him 'l ?ieves ( m]cy4' ,a fur!r rem>k ( ,volpone on 'base pilf]ies1' & ':olesome p5ance done = x1' may be tak5 z a hit aga9/ ,hamlet's 'f+]+' ! packet to 'unseal _! gr& commission2' = :i*1 9 ,jonson's view1 he w\ld be =c$ by 8 fa!r confessor1 9 a well-regulat$ ,roman ,ca?olic ,/ate1 to d p5ance4 ,?is is :at ,volpone says3-- ',no1 no1 wor?y g5tlem52 to tell y true1 ,i _c endure to see ! rabble ( ^! gr\nd ci>latani1 t 444 come 9 lamely1 ) _! m\ldy tales out ( ,boccaccio1 l /ale ,tab>9e1 ! fabuli/2 "s ( !m disc\rs+ _! travels2 & ( _! t$i\s captivity #ca 9 ! ,turks' galleys1 :51 inde$1 7 ! tru? kn[n1 !y 7 ! ,*ri/ians' gallies1 :]e v temp]ately !y eat bread & drunk wat]1 z a :olesome p5ance1 #cb enjo9$ !m by _! confessors = base pilf]ies4' ,%aksp]e1 z we h already expla9$1 got a 'pill' 9 ',! ,poeta/]1' :]eupon 'our fell[ ,%akespe>e1' z is ma9ta9$ 9 ! ',return f ,p>nassus1' 'has giv5 him' 7,jonson7 'a purge t made him bewray 8 cr$it' ,n[ ,b51 cle>ly en\gh1 calls ?is answ] ( ! great adv]s>y--a 'f9ely wrapt-up antimony1' :]eby m9ds '/opp$ ) e>?y oppilations1' are purg$ into ano!r _w4 ,volpone says3--',^! turdy-facy1 na/y-paty1 l\sy-f>tical rogues1 ) "o poor groat's wor? ( unprep>$ antimony1 f9ely wrapt up 9 sev]al sc>toccios 7cov]s71 #cc are able1 v well1 to kill _! tw5ty a week1 & play2 yet ^! meagre1 />v$ spirits1 :o h /opt ! organs ( _! m9ds ) e>?y oppilations1 want n _! fav\r]s among y\r %rivell$ sallad-eat+ artizans1 #cd :o are ov]joy$ t !y may h _! half-pe'r? ( physic2 ?\gh x purge !m into ano!r _w1 x makes no matt]4' ,jonson !n cont9ues 8 satire aga9/ ',hamlet' by mak+ ,volpone1 disguis$ z a m\ntebank1 sell m$ic9e :i* is to r5d] t 'purge' 7',hamlet'7 p]fectly innocu\s4 ,he calls 8 m$ic9e ',oglio del ,scoto3' #ce good = /r5g!n+ ! n]ves2 a sov]eign rem$y aga9/ all k9ds ( illnesses2 &1 'x /ops a dys5t]ia1 imm$iately4' ,nano praises its miracul\s effects 9 a song3-- ,_h old ,hippocrates1 or ,gal51 ,t to _! books put m$'c9es all 91 ,b kn[n ?is secret1 !y _h nev] 7,( :i* !y w be guilty ev]7 ,be5 murd]]s ( s mu* pap]1 ,or wa/$ _m a hurtless tap]2 ,no ,indian drug _h e'er be5 fam$1 ,tobacco1 sassafras n nam$2 ,ne yet ( guacum "o small /ick1 sir1 ,nor ,raymund ,lully's great elixir4 ,ne _h be5 kn[n ! ,dani% ,gonsw>t1 ,or ,p>acelsus1 ) 8 long sword4 ,is n ,,hamlet "h z good z indicat$ by "n8 ,! ,dani% ,pr9ce appe>s on ! /age 9 8 'inky cloak4' ,no d\bt1 ,jonson pick$ up ! ^w ',gonsw>t' 7gans*-zw>t1 9 ,flemi%7 among 8 ,flemi%1 ,dut*1 & o!r ,ne!r-,g]man comrades ( w> 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,surely1 ! ,dani% ,pr9ce ',all-,black' is none else b ,hamlet clad 9 black4 ,9 ! same sc5e1 ! connection betwe5 ,hamlet & ,ophelia also is satirically pull$ to pieces4 ,9 ',ea/w>d ,hoe' 7#afje71 ,jonson & 8 p>ty d ! same 9 ! mo/ indec5t & mo/ despicable mann]4 ,nano1 prais+ ! sublime virtues ( ! ',oglio del ,scoto1' s+s3-- ,w\ld y live free f all diseases8 ,d ! act y\r mi/ress pleases1 ,yet fright all a*es f y\r bones8 ,"h's a m$ic9e = ! nones4 #cf ,! sc5e ( ! action 9 ',volpone' is laid 9 ,v5ice4 ,dur+ ! :ole sc5e above-m5tion$1 ,sir ,politick ,w\ld-,be & a y\?ful g5tleman-travell] are pres5t ,o!rs h already po9t$ out t1 by ! =m]1 ,%aksp]e is meant4 #cg ,! travell]1 ,p]egr9e1 is a y\? :om ! jeal\s ,lady ,politick once decl>es to be 'a female devil 9 a male outside1'--aga9 an allusion to ,%aksp]e's 'two loves' :i* he himself describes 9 ,sonnet #add4 ,! words1 also1 ) :i* ,hamlet 7act iii4 sc4 #c7 praises 8 fri5d ,horatio 7! ,%aksp]ian ideal ( a ,horace7 are ridicul$ by ,jonson 9 ?is sc5e4 ,sir ,politick ,w\ld-,be says to ,p]egr9e3-- ,well1 if ,i c\ld b f9d "o man1 "o man1 ,to m9e own he>t1 :om ,i dur/ tru/1 ,i w\ld-- ,:5 ! /age is rais$ on ! !atre = ,volpone1 :o is disguis$ z a quacksalv]1 ,sir ,politick wi%es to enlight5 ,p]egr9e z to ! fell[s t 'm\nt ! bank4' #ch ,we ne$ n expla9 t ?is is direct$ aga9/ ! 's-call$ /age-poets' & play]s4 ,x w easily be p]ceiv$ t ! mean+ ( ! subsequ5t conv]sation is ! same z 9 ! ,preface ( ',volpone1' :]e ,jonson says t 'wis & noble p]sons 'ought to' take he$ h[ !y be too cr$ul\s1 or give leave to ^! invad+ int]pret]s to be ov]-famili> ) _! fames4' ,sir ,politick 7describ+ ! fell[s1 "o ( :i* is to m\nt ! bank7 says3-- ,!y are ! only kn[+ m5 ( ,europe6 ,great g5]al s*ol>s1 excell5t physicians1 #ci ,mo/ admir$ /atesm51 pr(e/ fav\rites1 ,& ,cab9et c\nsellors to ! greate/ pr9ces2 ,! only languag$ m5 ( all ! _w6 ,p]egr9e4 ,& ,i h he>d1 !y are mo/ lewd #dj impo/ors ,made all ( t]ms & %r$s1 no less beli]s ,( great m5's fav\rs1 ?an _! own vile m$'c9es444 ,9 act iv4 sc4 #a1 ,sir ,politick gives c\nsels to ! "y ,p]egr9e1 :i* are a manife/ satire ^u ,polonius' fa!rly f>ewell spee* to ,la]tes2 & "h aga91 let x be obs]v$1 religi\s t5d5cies are made ! subject ( p]siflage4 ,sir ,politick4 ,fir/1 = y\r g>b1 x mu/ be grave & s]i\s ,v res]v$ & lock$2 n tell a secret ,on any t]ms1 n to y\r fa!r2 sc>ce ,a fable1 b ) caution2 make sure *oice ,bo? ( y\r company & y\r disc\rse2 bew>e ,y nev] speak a tru?--4444 ,& !n1 = y\r religion1 pr(ess none1 ,b wond] at ! div]sity ( all2 ,&1 = y\r "p1 prote/1 7 !re no o!r ,b simply ! laws o' ?' l&1 y c\ld cont5t y4 ,nic ,ma*iavel & ,monsieur ,bod91 bo? ,7 ( ?is m9d4 ,9 act iii4 sc4 #b1 x is op5ly said t ,engli% au?ors namely1 su* z und]/& ,italian1 h /ol5 f ,pa/or ,fido 'almo/ z mu* z f ,,montaigni' 7,montaigne74 ,9 va9 we h look$ = traces ( ,montaigne's ,essays 9 o!r dramas t h come d[n to u f t epo*4 ,t ,%aksp]e mu/ h be5 conv]sant ) ! ,italian tongue1 ,*>les ,armitage ,br[n has tri$ to prove1 & accord+ to our op9ion he has done s successfully4 #da ,! talkative ,lady ,politick wi%es to (f] "s di/raction to ! app>5tly sick ,volpone4 ,%e recomm5ds him an ,italian book 9 ^! words3-- ,all our ,engli% writ]s1 ,i mean su* z are happy 9 ! ,italian1 ,w deign to /eal out ( ?is au?or ma9ly2 ,almo/ z mu* z f ,montagni3 #db ,he has s mod]n & facile a ve91 ,fitt+ ! "t1 & cat*+ ! c\rt-e>6 #dc ,:5 ,sir ,politick 7act v4 sc4 #b7 is to be arre/$ 7he is suspect$ ( hav+ got up a conspiracy1 & betray$ ! ,republic ( ,v5ice to ! ,turks71 he ass]ts 8 innoc5ce2 & :5 8 pap]s are to be exam9$1 he exclaims3-- ,alas1 ,sir6 ,i h none b notes ,drawn out ( play-books-- ,& "s essays4 #dd ,mosca 7act i-v4 sc4 #b71 spurr+ on 8 c\nsel1 says3-- ,m]cury sit ^u y\r ?und]+ tongue1 ,or ! ,fr5* ,h]cules #de & make y\r language ,z conqu]+ z 8 club1 to beat along1 ,z ) a tempe/1 flat1 our adv]s>ies4 ,hamlet1 :5 ask$ by ! ,k+ h[ he 'calls ! play1 answ]s3--',! ,m\se-trap4' ,mosca calls 8 own cunn+ness ) :i* he ?9ks he c ov]rea* 8 ma/]1 ! ',fox-trap4' ,if our int5tion 7 n to re/rict ?is treatise to desirable limits1 _m m satirical passages might be po9t$ out 9 ',volpone1' :i* are manife/ly direct$ aga9/ ',hamlet' & ,%aksp]e4 ,^? :o take a deep] int]e/ 9 ! subject1 w discov] n a few passages ( ?is k9d 9 ',volpone4' ,9 #afje--we believe1 a few mon?s be=e ',volpone' #df--';,ea/w>d ,hoe' came out1 a com$y writt5 by ,b5 ,jonson1 ,*apman1 & ,m>/on1 9 :i*1 z already /at$1 ! connection betwe5 ,hamlet & ,ophelia is d]id$ 9 a l[1 burlesque mann]4 ,%aksp]e1 9 ord] to flagellate ,montaigne's mean views ab\t womank9d1 puts into ! m\? ( ,ophelia1 :5 %e has no long] ! control ( h] tongue1 ! hide\s words3--',come1 my coa*6' & ',oh1 h[ ! :eel become x6' #dg ,?is is a satirical hit1 rapidly indicat$1 b only und]/ood by ^? :o _h c>efully read ,montaigne's book4 ,b5 ,jonson1 ,*apman1 & ,m>/on try to make capital out ( ^! expressions1 by d]id+ & d5\nc+ !m to ! cr[d1 9 ord] to defame ,%aksp]e4 ,girtr$ 7,g]trud1 "n ( ,hamlet's "m1 ! ,que517 is ! figure "u :i* ,ophelia is ridicul$ 9 ',ea/w>d ,hoe4' #dh ,! fir/ is a girl ( loose/ mann]s4 ,h] ambition torm5ts h] to m>ry a nobleman1 9 ord] to obta9 a 'coa*4' ,to h] "m 7,mrs4 ,t\*/one7 %e incessantly speaks words ( mo/ %ameless indec5cy1 :i* _c be repeat$2 m especially z reg>ds h] 'coa*1' = :i* %e asks ev] & anon4 ,a lackey1 call$ ,hamlet1 mu/ procure x to h]4 ,we w give "s fragm5ts ( t sc5e4 ,! rema9d] _c be (f]$ to a mod]n circle ( g5]al read]s4 ,ent] ,hamlet1 a ,foote-man1 9 ha/e4 ,hamlet4 ,:at coa*man--my ladye's coa*6 = %ame6 ,h] ladi%ip's readie to come d[n4 ,ent] ,potk9ne1 a ,tank>d-be>]4 ,potk9ne4 ',sfoote6 ,hamlet1 are y madde8 ,:i!r run y n[e8 ,y %\ld bru%e up my olde mi/resse6 ,!reupon neighb\rs come toge!r1 all impell$ by ! greate/ curiosity 'to see h] take coa*1' & wi%+ to congratulate h]4 ,g]trud4 ,?ank y1 good p6 ,my coa* = ! love ( ,heav51 my coa*6 ,9 good tru?1 ,i %all sw\ne else4 ,hamlet4 ,coa*1 coa*1 my ladye's coa*6 ,exit ,hamlet4 ,aft] a little conv]sation betwe5 "m & daught]1 :i* we mu/ leave out1 ,hamlet ent]s aga93 ,hamlet4 ,y\r coa* is com+1 madam4 ,g]trud4 ,t's well said4 ,n[ ,heav56 me?9ks ,i am e5e up to ! knees 9 pref]m5t4444 ,b a little high]1 b a little high]1 b a little high]6 ,!re1 !re1 !re lyes ,cupid's fire6 ,mrs4 ,t\*/one4 ,b mu/ ?is "y man 7,hamlet71 an't please y1 madam1 run by y\r coa* all ! way a foote8 ,g]trud4 ,i by my fai?1 ,i w>rant him2 hee gives no o!r milke1 z ,i h ano!r s]vant does4 ,mrs4 ,t\*/one4 ,ahlas6 'tis e5e pittie mee?9ks2 = ,god's sake1 madam1 buy him b a hobbie horse2 let ! poore y\? h some?+ betwixt 8 legges to ease 'hem4 ,alas6 we mu/ doe z we w\ld be done too4 ,t is all we d>e to quote f ?is com$y2 b x q suffices to *>act]ise ! meanness ( ! w>f>e :i* ,jonson's clique c>ri$ on aga9/ ,%aksp]e4 ,h[ev]1 ! l(ty ideas conta9$ 9 ',hamlet' c\ld n be l[]$ by su* an attack2 !y became ! common prop]ty ( ! be/ & noble/4 ,^? ideas 7 ( too high a range1 too ab/ract 9 _! nature1 to be easily made a sport ( be=e ! multitude4 ,a few pleasantries1 us$ by ,%akespe>e 9 a mom5t ( easy-go+ /yle1 7 laid hold ( malici\sly1 & c>icatur$ mo/ indec5tly1 by 8 antagoni/s1 9 ord] to ent]ta9 ! common cr[d !re )4 ,innoc5t *ildr51 moreov]1 7 made to act su* satires3 'little eyases1 t cry out on ! top ( ! "q1 & are mo/ tyrannically clapp$ ='t3 ^! are n[ ! fa%ion1 & s b]attle ! common /ages4' ,n less ?an 9 ',volpone1' ! t5d5cy ( ',hamlet' z reg>ds religi\s que/ions is1 9 ! mo/ evid5t mann]1 ridicul$ 9 ,john ,m>/on's ',malcont5t4' ,al?\gh ?is satire 7s ! play is call$ 9 ! preface ',to ! ,read]'7 appe>$ be=e ',volpone1' we yet ?\ght x m useful fir/ to speak ( ,jonson's com$y be+ ! "w ( ,%aksp]e's mo/ =midable adv]s>y4 ',! ,malcont5t' 0 pr9t$ 9 #afjd2 & soon aft]w>ds 79 ! same ye>7 a second edition appe>$1 augm5t$ by ! au?or1 z well z enri*$ by a few additions f ! p5 ( ,john ,web/]4 #di ,! play is prec$$ by a ,lat9 ,d$ication to ,b5 ,jonson1 :i* suffici5tly %[s t a close fri5d%ip mu/ h exi/$1 at t "t1 betwe5 ! two4 #ej ,! satire is replete ) phrases tak5 f ',hamlet' = ! purpose ( mock]y2 & !y are introduc$ 9 ! loose/1 mo/ disconnect$ mann]1 ?us d\bly %[+ ! int5tion & purpose4 ,m>/on's /yle is po9t$ly describ$ 9 ',! ,return f ,p>nassus2' & we d n hesitate to say t ! foll[+ criticism 0 writt5 9 consequ5ce ( 8 ',malcont5t3'-- ,me?9ks he is a ruffian 9 8 /yle1 ,)\t5 b&s or g>t]s' ornam5t3 ,he quaffs a cup ( ,fr5*man's #ea ,helicon1 ,!n roi/] doi/] 9 8 oily t]ms1 ,cuts1 ?ru/s1 & fo9s at :omsoev] he meets444 ,tut1 :at c>es he = mode/ close-c\*'d t]ms1 ,cleanly to gird our loos] lib]t9es8444 ,ay1 !re is "o1 t backs a pap] /e$1 ,& manage? a p5knife gallantly1 ,/rikes 8 po9>do at a button's bread?1 ,br+s ! great batt]+-ram ( t]ms to t[ns2 ,&1 at fir/ volley ( 8 cannon-%ot1 ,batt]s ! walls ( ! old fu/y _w4 ,:o else c be indicat$ by ! ',"o' b ,%aksp]e8 ,to ,m>/on's holl[ creations1 :i* drag ! l(tie/ ideas ?r\gh ! mire to amuse ! vulg>1 ! sublime & s]i\s disc\rses ( ,%aksp]e are oppos$1 :i* are de/9$ to af=d pr(\nde/ in/ruction4 ,is n ! :ole t5d5cy ( ',hamlet' describ$ 9 ! la/ two l9es j quot$1 9 :i* x is /at$ t "u ?is poet's attack ! walls ( ! old fu/y _w are batt]$ d[n8 #eb ,! *ief "* 9 ',! ,malcont5t' is a ,duke ( ,g5oa4 ,m>/on1 9 8 preface ',to ! ,read]1' lays /ress on ! fact ( ?is ,duke be+1 n an hi/orical p]sonage1 b a creation ( fiction1 s 't ev5 /rang]s1 9 ^: ,/ate ,i laid my sc5e1 %\ld n f !nce draw any disgrace to any1 dead or liv+4' ,aft] hav+ compla9$ t1 9 spite ( ?is endeav\r ( 81 !re are "s :o h be5 'mo/ unadvis$ly ov]-cunn+ 9 mis9t]pret+' him1 &1 ') subtletie1 h malici\sly spread ill rum\rs1' he goes on decl>+ t he desires 'to satisfie e firme _s1 :o 9 all 8 actions propose? to himself no m ends !n ,god & v]tue d1 ^: int5tions are alwaies simple4' ,^? only he means to combat '^: unquiet /udies labor innovation1 contempt ( holy policie1 rev]5t comely sup]ioritie & e/abli%t unity4' ,he fe>s n = ! re/ ( 8 'suppos$ t>tnesse2 b unto e wor?y m9de x w be approv$ s g5]all & hone/ z may mode/ly passe ) ! fre$ome ( a satyre4' ,t ?is satire c\ld only be direct$ aga9/ ',hamlet1' e "o w be conv9c$ :o sp5ds a %ort h\r 9 read+ ,m>/on's ',malcont5t4' ,"h1 too1 we mu/ conf9e ourselves to po9t+ out only ! mo/ important allusions2 especially su* z ref] to religion4 ,inde$1 we w\ld h to copy ! :ole play1 9 ord] to make x fully cle> h[ mu* ,m>/on1 ) 8 und\bt$ tal5t = trave/y1 has succe$$ 9 grotesquely d]id+ ! l(ty1 noble tone ( ,%aksp]e's drama4 ,! *ief "* 9 ',! ,malcont5t' is ,malevole1 ! ,duke ( ,g5oa be=e-m5tion$1 :o has be5 wrongfully depriv$ ( ! cr[n4 ,) subtle dissimulation1 disguis$ & unkn[n1 he hangs ab\t ! ,c\rt4 ,aga9/ ! ladies especially1 :om he all holds to be adult]esses1 he ent]ta9s ! greate/ mi/ru/4 ,he wat*es e "o2 b mo/ closely wom54 ,he is ! image ( m5tal di/emp]2 & ,pietro1 ! rul+ ,duke1 describes him 9 act i4 sc4 #b by say+ t '! elem5ts /ruggle )9 him2 8 own s\le is at v>iance )9 h] selfe2' he is 'm discont5t ?an ,lucif]4' ,9 %ort1 he conf]s ^u him all ! qualities ( a ',hamlet' "*4 ,:5ev] religi\s que/ions are address$ to ,malevole1 we h to look ^u him z ! v type ( ,%aksp]e himself1 :om ,m>/on takes to task = 8 _s ( 'innovation' & 8 'contempt ( holy policie & e/abli%t unity4' ,%aksp]e1 x ought to be rememb]$1 _h sc\rg$ ,b5 ,jonson "u ! figure ( ,malvolio4 ,m>/on1 :o d$icates ',! ,malcont5t' to ,jonson1 no d\bt wi%$ to please ,jonson by call+ ! *ief "*1 :i* repres5ts ,%aksp]e1 ,malevole4 ,! play op5s ) an abom9able *>iv>i4 7',! vile/ out-(-"t musicke be+ he>d4'7 ,?is is p>tly a hit aga9/ ! ,globe ,!atre :]e--z we see f ,%aksp]e's dramas--music 0 (t5 introduc$ 9 a play2 p>tly x is to indicate ! di%>mony ( ,malevole's m9d4 ,only a few trave/ies may be m5tion$ "h1 be=e we quote ! treatm5t ( religi\s que/ions4 ,9 act i4 sc4 #g 7"h ! sc5e is ridicul$ 9 :i* ,hamlet1 ) drawn sword1 /&s beh9d ! ,k+71 ,pietro ent]s1 '8 sword drawne4' ,pietro4 ,a mis*iefe fill ?y ?roate1 ?\ f[le-jaw'd slave6 ,say ?y prai]s6 ,m5dozo4 ,i ha =got um4 ,pietro4 ,?\ %all die4 ,m5dozo4 ,s %all ,ih\4 ,i am he>t-mad4 ,pietro4 ,i am horne-mad4 ,m5dozo4 ,extreme mad4 ,pietro4 ,mon/r\sly mad4 ,m5dozo4 ,:y8 ,pietro4 ,:y8 ?\1 ?\ ha/ di%on\r$ my b$4 ,hamlet's words3 #ec--',o1 mo/ wick$ spe$1 to po/ ) su* dext]ity to ince/u\s %eets6' are s (t5 ridicul$ because ,%aksp]e1 in/ead ( ! ^w 'b$1' uses ! m unusual '%eets4' ,aurelia #ed speaks ( '*a/e %eets1' ,malevole #ee prophesies t '! ,dut*es 7,duke1 ,doge7 %eets w smoke ='t ere x be long4' ,m5dozo #ef 'hates all wom51 waxe-lightes1 antique b$-po/es1' c42 'also sweete %eetes4' ,aurelia1 p>ody+ ! words ,hamlet addresses to 8 "m1 asks h]self3 ',o1 judgem5t1 :]e h be5 my eyes8 ,:at bewit*$ election made me dote on !e8 :at sorc]y made me love !e8' ,! c\nsel :i* ,hamlet gives to 8 "m 'to ?r[ away ! wors] "p ( h] cleft he>t1' ,pietro ridicules 9 act i4 sc4 #g3-- ,my bosome & my he>t1 ,:5 no?+ helps1 cut (f ! rott5 "p4 ,! spl5did spee* ( ,hamlet3 ',:at a piece ( "w is man6' s\nds f ,m5dozo's #eg lips ?us3--',9 body h[ delicate2 9 s\le h[ wittie2 9 disc\rse h[ pregnant2 9 life h[ w>ie2 9 fav\rs h[ juditi\s2 9 day h[ sociable2 9 night h[6--,o pleasure unutt]able6' ,hamlet's little monologue3 #eh ',tis n[ ! v wit*+ "t ( night1' runs ?us ) ,m5dozo3--#ei ',tis n[ ab\t ! immode/ wa/e ( night2 ,! "m ( moi/ dew ) pallide light ,spreads gloomie %ades ab\t ! mumm$ e>?4 ,sleepe1 sleepe1 :il/ we contrive our mis*iefes bir?4 ,!n1 p>ody+ ,hamlet z he draws =? ! dead ,polonius f beh9d ! arras1 ,m5dozo says3-- ,?is man ,ile 7,i'll7 get inhumde4 ,?us1 all k9ds ( ,%aksp]ian incid5ts & locutions are br\ght =w>d1 :]ev] !y are apt to produce ! mo/ comic effect4 ,sev]al times1 f ! beg9n+1 ! 'weasel' is m5tion$ ) :i* ,hamlet rallies ,polonius4 ,we also he> ( ! 'sponge :i* sucks'--a simile us$ by ,hamlet 7act iv4 sc4 #c7 9 reg>d to ,ros5crantz4 ,nor is ! 'true-p5ny' =gott5--a ^w us$ by ,hamlet #fj to designate 8 fa!r's gho/ z a true & g5u9e "o2 nor ! ',hillo1 ho1 ho4' ,9 all ^! allusions1 ( :i* an att5tive read] might easily f9d scores1 !re is no sy/ematic ord] ( ?\ghts4 ,only 9 ! religi\s que/ions we meet ) a cle> sy/em3 !y are all address$ to ,malevole1 :o is repres5t$ z a k9d ( free?9k]1 simil> to ! "o :om ,m>/on1 9 8 preface1 wi%es to be outlaw$1 & ( :om he says t he fully m]its ! 't>tness' & fre$om ( 8 satire4 ,9 ! v beg9n+ ( ',! ,malcont5t1' ,pietro asks ,malevole3 ,i wond] :at religion ?\ art (8 ,malevole4 ,( a s\ldi]s religion4 #fa ,pietro4 ,& :at doo/ ?9ke makes mo/ infidells n[8 ,malevole4 ,sects4 ,sects6 ,i h se5e seem+ ,pietie *ange h] roabe s (t1 t sure none b "s ar*-divell c %ape h] pitticoate4 ,pietro4 ,o6 a religi\s pllicie4 ,malevole4 ,b damnation on a politique religion6 ,9 act ii4 sc4 #e we f9d ! foll[+3-- ,malevole4 ,i meane turne pure ,ro*el*ur*man4 #fb ,i-- ,m5dozo4 ,?\ ,*ur*man6 ,:y8 ,:y8 ,malevole4 ,because ,he live lazily1 raile ^u au?oritie1 d5y ,k+s supremacy 9 ?+s indiff]5t1 & be a pope 9 m9e owne p>i%4 ,m5dozo4 ,:]e=e doo/ ?\ ?9ke *ur*es 7 made8 ,malevole4 ,to sc[re pl[-%>es4 ,i h se5e ox5 pl[ uppe alt>es3 ,et nunc seges ubi ,sion fuit4 ,!n !re is aga9 :at appe>s to be an allusion to ,hamlet1 act i4 sc4 #d1 resembl+ t 9 ',volpone'3-- ,i h se5 ! /on$ c(f9s ( long-flead ,*ri/ians bur/ up & made hogs tr\ghs4 ,9 act iv4 sc4 #d1 ,m5dozo says to ,malevole1 :om he wi%es to use = ! murd] ( a h]mit3-- ,yea1 provid5t4 ,bew>e an hypocrite6 ,a ,*ur*-man once corrupt$1 ,oh avoide6 ,a fell[ t makes religion 8 /awk+ horse4 ,he bre$s a plague4 ,?\ %alt poison him4 ,f ! _m h9ts 9 ',volpone' & 9 ',! ,malcont5t1' x cle>ly foll[s t ,%aksp]e 0 to be repres5t$1 9 ^? dramas1 be=e ! public at l>ge1 z an ,a!i/4 #fc ,accord+ to ,jonson1 he c\nt$ ',,all ,,old ,,doctr9e ,,h]esie4' ,accord+ to ,m>/on1 he _h an av]sion = all sects1 & ',,contempt ,,( ,,holy ,,policie1 ,,rev]5t ,,comely ,,sup]ioritie1 ,,& ,,e/abli%t ,,unitie4' ,we hope we h conv9c$ our read]s t ,%aksp]e spoke 9 matt]s ( religion z cle>ly z 8 'tongue-ti$ muse' #fd p]mitt$ him to d4 ,above all1 we ?9k ( hav+ successfully prov$ t ! controv]sy ( ',hamlet' is direct$ aga9/ doctr9es :i* ass]t t !re is no?+ b evil 9 human nature4 ,%aksp]e's prophetic glance saw ! p]nici\s "* ( ,montaigne's inconsi/5t ?\ghts1 :i*1 unable to place u 9 s\nd relation to ! ,univ]se1 only succe$ 9 mak+ m5 pass _! lives 9 subtle reflection & unmanly1 s5tim5tal inaction4 ,%aksp]e1 int5d+ to av]t ! blight+ influ5ce ( su* a philosophy f ! be/ & =emo/ ( 8 c\ntry1 wrote 8 ',hamlet4' ,z a truly heav5-born poet he b\nd = ev]1 by ,?\ght's endur+ *a91 ,all t fl[s unfix$ & undef9$ ,9 glimm]+ phantasy be=e ! m9d4 ,9 spite ( ! p[]ful impression 8 ma/]-"w1 ',hamlet1' has made ^u all ?9k+ m9ds1 ! deepe/ & mo/ s]i\s mean+ ( ,%aksp]e's w>n+ words c\ld n h be5 fa?om$ by ! _m4 ,! p>ables ?r\gh :i* a ,prophet spoke 7 ca/ into ! =m ( a !atrical play1 n easy to und]/& = ! mass ( m52 = 'tongue-ti$' 0 8 ,muse by e>?ly p[]s4 ,& ,%aksp]e deeply felt ! disgrace ( be+ compell$ to give =? 8 utt]ances 9 s dubi\s a mann]4 ,8 ,sonnets #fe express ! feel+ t weigh$ ^u him on ?is acc\nt4 ,_h he n 'gor'd 8 own ?\ghts1' reveal$ 8 inn]mo/ s\l8 ,yet1 n[1 8 n>r[-m9d$ fell[-dramati/s--b no6 n fell[-dramati/s3 m]e contempor>y playwrights1 immeasurably f> beh9d him 9 rank--eat5 up1 z !y 71 ) envy & jeal\s malice1 meanly d]id$ ev]y?+ sacr$ to him2 hold+ up 8 ideals to ridicule be=e a je]+ cr[d4 ,x has long ago be5 surmis$ t ,sonnet lxvi4 belongs to ! ',hamlet' p]iod4 ,b n[ x w be bett] und]/ood :y t sonnet speaks ( 'a maid5 virtue rudely /rumpet$2 #ff ( '"r p]fection wrongfully disgrac'd1 & /r5g? by limp+ sway disabl$2' ( 'simple tru? miscall'd simplicity4' ,^! are ! full words ( ?is mighty sigh ( despair3-- ,tir'd ) all ^!1 = re/ful dea? ,i cry-- ,z1 to behold des]t a begg> born1 ,& ne$y no?+ trimm'd 9 jollity1 ,& pure/ fai? unhappily =sworn1 ,& gild$ hon\r %amefully misplac'd1 ,& maid5 virtue rudely /rumpet$1 ,& "r p]fection wrongfully disgrac'd1 ,& /r5g? by limp+ sway disabl$1 ,& art made tongue-ty'd by au?ority1 ,& folly 7doctor-l7 controll+ skill1 ,& simple tru? miscall'd simplicity1 ,& captive ,good att5d+ capta9 ill3 ,tir'd ) all ^!1 f ^! w\ld ,i be gone1 ,save t1 to die1 ,i leave my love alone4 ',pure/ fai? unhappily =sworn' 0 ,%aksp]e's fai? 9 ,god--)\t any 'holy policie' & )\t 'old doctr9es'--tru/+ above all 9 ! maje/y ( ennobl$ human nature4 ,he 0 a v]itable ,humani/1 ! true/ & greate/1 :o ev] /rove to raise ! mo/ ess5tial "p ( human nature1 man's s\l & m9d1 yet by no mean sup]natural1 b by 'mean t ,nature makes4' ,%aksp]e's ',hamlet' appe>s to u l a solemn admonition to 8 di/+ui%$ fri5ds4 ,he %[$ !m1 "u ! guise ( t ,pr9ce1 a nobleman )\t fix$ ideal--'virtues :i* d n g =?' to ass]t !mselves1 & to d good = ! sake ( o!rs--noble life wa/$1 lett+ ! _w rema9 'out ( jo9t' )\t det]m9$ w to set x "r3 ?is 0 ! poet's prophetic w>n+4 ,"o aspiration ( ,%aksp]e cle>ly %9es ?r\gh 8 c>e]1 9 :atev] d>kness x may o!rwise be envelop$--namely1 8 long+ to acquire l& ne> ! t[n he 0 born 94 ,:5 he _h realis$ ?is ambition1 he *e]fully seems to h left ! spl5d\r ( t[n life1 & to h readily r5\nc$ all lit]>y fame2 = he did n ev5 c>e to collect 8 own works4 ,he 0 cont5t$ to cultivate 8 native soil3 a giant ,antaeus :o1 z ! my? tells u1 ev] _h to t\* ,"m ,e>? to rega9 8 /r5g?4 #a3 ,volpone is /at$ to h be5 fir/ act$ 9 ! ,globe ,!atre 9 #afje4 ,x is simply impossible t ?is drama1 9 its pres5t %ape1 %\ld h be5 giv5 9 t !atre z long z ,%aksp]e 0 actively connect$ ) x4 ,we !re=e mu/ assume t ,%aksp]e--z ,delius holds x to be probable--_h at t "t already )drawn to ,/rat=d1 or t ! bit+ allusions :i* are conta9$ 9 ,volpone aga9/ ! great ,ma/]1 _h be5 add$ betwe5 #afje 7! ye> ( its fir/ p]=mance7 & #afjg 7! ye> ( its appe>ance 9 pr9t74 ,we consid] ! latt] op9ion ! likeli] "o1 z we suspect1 f allusions 9 ,epico5e1 t ,%aksp]e1 :5 ?is play 0 publi%$1 /ill resid$ 9 ,london4 ,h[ev]1 x is also probable t 9 #afje he may = a :ile h )drawn f ! /age4 #b3 ,9 ?is enum]ation1 ,jonson seems to h ! v>i\s ,qualities ( ! ,essays 9 view :i* ,florio calls ',morall1 ,politike1 & ,millit>ie4' #c3 ,aga9/ ,montaigne1 '! tea*] ( ?+s div9e no less ?an human1' ,%aksp]e's :ole argum5tation 9 ',hamlet' is direct$4 #d3 ,"h we h ! noble ,knight ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 z well z ! c\rti] & ,mayor ( ,bordeaux4 #e3 ,montaigne 0 ,knight ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,mi*ael1 & ,*amb]la9 ( ,h5ry ,,iii4 ,he 0 on t]ms ( fri5d%ip ) ,h5ry ,,iv4 ,bo? ,k+s he _h z gue/s 9 8 own h\se4 ,9 8 ,essai de ,vanitie1 ,montaigne also relates ) great pride & satisfaction1 t dur+ 8 soj\rn at ,rome he 0 made a burgess ( t city1 '! mo/ noble t ev] 01 or ev] %all be4' #f3 ,9 spite ( ,gif=d's prote/ we d n hesitate to ma9ta9 t ,jonson's ,epigram ,,lvi4 7,on ,poet-,ape7 is direct$ aga9/ ,%aksp]e1 & t ! poet :om ,jonson--9 ! ,epi/le ,,xii4 7,=e/7 to ,elizabe?1 ,c\ntess ( ,rutl&--abuses1 is also none else ?an ,%aksp]e4 #g3 ,montaigne di$ 9 #aeib4 #h3 ,we c only quote ! mo/ /rik+ po9ts1 & mu/ leave x to ! read] :o takes a deep] int]e/ 9 ! subject1 to give 8 own clos] att5tion to ! dramas conc]n+ ! controv]sy4 #i3 ,g5tlem5 ( ,v]ona2 ,com$y ( ,errors2 ,love's ,lab\r ,lo/2 ,love's ,lab\r ,won 7probably ,all's ,well t ,ends ,well72 ,midsumm] ,night's ,dream2 ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice4 ,( ,trag$ies3 ,ri*>d ! ,second2 ,ri*>d ! ,?ird2 ,h5ry ! ,f\r?2 ,k+ ,john2 ,titus ,&ronicus2 ,romeo & ,juliet4 #aj3 ,z ! words t foll[ seem to conta9 an allusion to ,%aksp]e's ,hamlet1 x is to be suppos$ t by ! 'melt+ heir' ,jonson po9ts to "s protector ( ! great poet4 ,:e!r ?is be ,william ,h]b]t1 or ! ,e>l ( ,s\?ampton1 we mu/ leave undecid$4 #aa3 ,act i4 sc4 #d4 #ab3 ,jonson probably calls ,%aksp]e an h]maphrodite because1 hav+ a wife1 he cultivat$ an intimate fri5d%ip at ! same "t ) ,william ,h]b]t1 ! lat] ,e>l ( ,pembroke4 ,jonson's ,epico5e1 or ,! ,sil5t ,woman 7#afji7 satirises ?is connection4 ,we are n ! fir/ 9 mak+ ?is ass]tion4 7,see ,sonnets ( ,%aksp]e ,solv$1 by ,h5ry ,br[n3 ,london1 #ahgf1 p4 #af47 ,9 ,epico5e a ,college is describ$1 :i* is /at$ to be compos$ ( wom54 ,in/ead ( wom51 we may boldly assume m5 to be meant4 ,truewitt ?us describes ! new ,society3-- ',a new f\ndation1 ,sir1 "h 9 ! t[n1 ( ladies1 t call !mselves ! ,collegiates3 an ord] betwe5 c\rti]s & c\ntry madams t live f _! husb&s1 & give ent]ta9m5t to all ! wits & brav]ies ( ! "t1 z !y call !m3 cry d[n1 or up1 :at !y l or dislike 9 a bra9 or a fa%ion1 ) mo/ mascul9e or r h]maphroditical au?ority2 & e day ga9 to _! ,college "s new probation]4 ,cl]imont4 ,:o is ! presid5t8 ,truewitt4 ,! grave & y\?ful matron1 ! ,lady ,haughty4' ,%aksp]e at t "t 0 9 ! 'matronly' age ( =ty-five4 ,we h se5 h[ a 'dislike 9 a bra9' has be5 express$ 9 ,hamlet4 #ac3 ,! "n ( ,ovid1 likewise us$ 9 t eulogy1 ,jonson assign$1 9 8 ,poeta/]1 to ,m>/on4 7,see note #bb at end ( ,section ,v47 #ad3 ,x w\ld h be5 mo/ /range1 inde$1 if ! two greate/ g5iuses ( _! "t _h n ex]cis$ "s influ5ce on ea* o!r2 if ! greate/ ?9k] ( t age _h n giv5 "s sugge/ive ?\ghts to ! poet2 & if ! poet _h n animat$ ! ?9k] to ! cultivation ( art1 induc+ him to (f] 8 philosophical ?\ghts 9 beautiful g>m5t4 ,h5ce ,mrs4 ,h5ry ,pott may h f\nd ve/iges ( a m p]fect$ & nobl] /yle 9 ,bacon's ,di>ies1 on :i* %e f\nd$ h] wild !ory4 ,_h n ,kant & ,fi*te great influ5ce on _! contempor>y1 ,s*ill]8 ,does n ,goe! praise ! influ5ce ex]cis$ by ,sp9oza ^u him8 ,let u assume t ! latt] two _h be5 contempor>ies2 t !y _h liv$ 9 ! same t[n4 ,w\ld x n h be5 extraord9>y if !y _h rema9$ intellectual /rang]s to ea* o!r1 in/ead ( draw+ mutual advantage f _! int]c\rse8 ,:y %\ld ,bacon n h be5 "o ( ! noblem5 :o1 aft] ! p]=mance ( a play1 7 initiat$1 9 ! ,m]maid ,tav]n1 into ! m hidd5 mean+ ( a drama8 ,is x n r likely t ,bacon drew ,%aksp]e's att5tion to ! inconsi/5cies ( ,montaigne8 #ae3 ,! advocates1 9 fe/ive processions1 made use ( mules4 ,maybe t ,jonson calls ,%aksp]e a 'good dull mule' because 9 ,hamlet he *ampions ! views ( ',sir ,lawy]' ,bacon4 #af3 ,?is notion1 t ,%aksp]e has ma9ly di/+ui%$ himself 9 ! comic l9e--9 ! repres5tation ( ,fool]y--h>monises ) ,jonson's op9ion1 z privately express$ 9 ,timb]2 or1 ,discov]ies made ^u ,m5 & ,matt] 7#afcj-cg71 9 a notewor?y degree4 ,!re he says ( ,%aksp]e3--',8 wit 0 9 8 own p[]4 ,w\ld ! rule ( x _h be5 s1 too4' #ag3 ,an allusion to ,%aksp]e's unclassical metrics1 & 8 great success among ! public1 al?\gh 9 ,jonson's op9ion he br+s nei!r regul> 'play nor univ]sity %[4' #ah3 ,9 ,&rogyno1 :om he br+s 94 #ai3 ,?is is ,jonson's answ] to ! "q rais$ 9 ,twelf? ,night 7act iv4 sc4 #b71 :5 ,malvolio is 9 prison1 9 reg>d to ,py?agoras4 #bj3 ,we c n[h]e f9d any clue to su* a p]sonage ( antiquity1 & we take x to be a ref]5ce to ,pyrrhon ( ,elis1 ! f\nd] ( ! sceptic s*ool4 #ba3 ,bacon 0 a fri5d ( ?is sport4 ,mrs4 ,pott po9ts out "s te*nical expressions :i* we f9d bo? 9 ,bacon's works & 9 ,%aksp]e4 ,p]haps we might /ret* our fancy s f> z to assume t ,bacon is ,pyrrhus ( ,delos1 & t g5tle ,%aksp]e sometimes w5t a-fi%+ ) him on ! banks ( ! ,?ames4 #bb3 ',z itself do? relate x4' ,yet ! s\l does n relate any?+1 except t x is said to h spok51 9 all ! *>act]s x assum$1 'z 9 ! cobbl]'s cock4' ,we mu/1 !re=e1 probably look 9 plays--9 ,%aksp]e's dramas--= t :i* ! s\l has spok5 9 its v>i\s /ages z a k+1 z a begg>1 & s =?4 #bc3 ',brock' 7badg]7--a ^w :i* ,%aksp]e only uses once2 viz4 9 ,twelf? ,night 7act ii4 sc4 #e74 ,sir ,toby's :ole indignation aga9/ ,malvolio culm9ates 9 ! words3--',m>ry1 hang !e1 brock6' ,we "k ( ,jonson's unseemly bodily figure1 8 'ambl+' gait1 :i* r5d]$ him unfit = ! /age4 ,! pace ( a badg] w\ld be a v graphic description ( 8 mann] ( walk+4 ,n[1 ,jonson sne]s at ! ^w 'brock' 9 a way n unfrequ5t ) ,%aksp]e himself1 9 reg>d to v>i\s words us$ by ,jonson aga9/ him4 ,9 ,! ,poeta/]1 ,tucca falls out aga9/ ! 'wormwood' com$ies1 :i* drag ev]y?+ on to ! /age4 ,we are rem9d$ "h ( ,hamlet's exclamation3--',wormwood1 wormwood6' :5 ! ,que5 ( ! ,int]lude speaks ! two l9es he _h probably int]calat$3-- ,9 second husb& let me be accur/6 ,none w$ ! second b :o kill'd ! fir/4 #bd3 ',cobbl]'s cock' ref]s mo/ likely to a drama by ,rob]t ,wilson1 entitl$3 ,cobbl]'s ,prophecy4 ,9 ,colli]'s ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,drama 7iii4 pp4 #bdg-h7 x is ?us describ$3-- ',x is a mass ( absurdity )\t any lead+ purpose1 b "h & !re exhibit+ glimpses ( some?+ bett]4 ,! sc5e ( ! play is laid 9 ,boeotia :i* is repres5t$ to be rul$ by a duke1 b 9 a /ate ( confusion & disorganisation4444 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal *>act]s is a :imsical ,cobbl] :o1 by int]m$iation ( ! hea!n god ,m]cury1 obta9s prophetic p[]1 ! *ief object ( :i* is to w>n ! ,duke ( ! imp5d+ ru9 ( 8 /ate unless he cons5ts to introduce v>i\s re=ms1 & especially to unite ! discordant classes ( 8 subjects4' ,jonson may h look$ ^u ,hamlet 9 ?is mann] f 8 po9t ( view4 ,x is = u to admire ! prophetical _s ( ,%aksp]e :o 9 ,montaigne p]ceiv$ ! g]m ( ! helplessly divid$ nature ( mod]n man4 #be3 ',or 8 great oa?1 by ,qu>t]4' ,no d\bt1 ?is is an allusion ( ,jonson to ,%aksp]e's 'qu>t] %>e1' ! f\r? "p ( ! receipts ( 8 company4 ,! ,blackfri>s ,!atre _h sixte5 %>ehold]s4 ,x is prov$ t ,%aksp]e at t "t1 :5 a valuation ( ! !atre 0 made1 _h a claim to f\r p>ts1 ea* ( #bcc #fs4 #h;d4 7,*r4 ,armitage ,br[n1 ,%ak4 ,autobiographical ,poems1 ,london1 #ahch1 p4 #aja74 ,9 ,! ,poeta/] 7act iii4 sc4 i71 ,tucca says to ,crisp9us ! ,poeta/]3--',?\ %all h a qu>t] %>e4' ,9 ,epi/le xii4 7,=e/71 :i* ,jonson addresses to ,elizabe?1 ,c\ntess ( ,rutl&1 & :i*1 9 our op9ion1 also conta9s an allusion to ,%aksp]e1 z well z to 8 protector1 ,william ,h]b]t1 ,b5 speaks ( poets ) '_! qu>t] face4' #bf3 ,%aksp]e (t5 introduc$ music 9 8 dramas4 ,jonson ridicules ?is2 s did ,m>/on1 z we %all see4 7,twelf? ,night1 = in/ance1 op5s ) music47 #bg3 ',8 gold5 ?igh4' ,! %ape ( ! legs1 ! 'yell[ cross-g>t]$ /ock+s' ( poor ,malvolio 9 ,twelf? ,night are "h ridicul$4 #bh3 ,malvolio says to 8 fri5ds3--',i am n ( y\r elem5t4' ,9 ! same play1 great sport is made ( ?is ^w1 until ! ,fool himself at la/ gets we>y ( x1 :5 he says 7act iii4 sc4 i73--',y are out ( my welk9--,i might say elem5t1 b ! ^w is ov]worn4' #bi3 ,blackfri>s1 :]e ,%aksp]e fir/ act$1 0 a =m] cloi/]4 ',on fi%1 :5 fir/ a ,c>?usian ,i ent]$1' no d\bt means t f ! beg9n+ he _h pref]r$ keep+ mute z a fi%1 9 reg>d to =bidd5 matt]s ( ! ,*ur*4 #cj3 ,i4e41 ,*ri/mas-pie4 ,9 ! ,prologue ( ,! ,return f ,p>nassus1 ?is com$y is call$ a ,*ri/mas ,toy4 ,%aksp]e is !re9 lavi%ly prais$ by 8 bro!r actors1 :]eas ,jonson is spok5 ( z 'a bold :oreson1 z confid5t n[ 9 mak+ ( a book1 z he 0 9 times pa/ 9 lay+ ( a brick4' ,a v]itable libel6 #ca3 ,hamlet 7act v4 sc4 #b73-- ,me?\ght1 ,i lay ,worse ?an ! mut9es 9 ! bilboes #cb3 ,?r\gh ,jonson's satire we always see ! sanctimoni\s ,jesuit pe]+ out4 #cc3 ,^! are ! p>ables 9 :i* ,hamlet speaks4 ,_m a read] w und]/& :y ,%aksp]e c\ld n use m explicit language4 #cd3 ,s ! envi\s ,jonson calls ,%aksp]e's public :o are satisfi$ ) 'salad2' t is1 ) pat*y compositions1 piec$ toge!r f all k9ds ( mat]ial4 #ce3 ,jonson _h ,scotti% ance/ry4 #cf3 ,9 a mom5t ( fanaticism1 ,hamlet wi%es ,ophelia to g to a nunn]y4 ,jonson1 9 mo/ cynical mann]1 means to say t ,hamlet _h be5 impot5t z reg>ds 8 innamorata4 ,?\gh '= ! nones' may be tak5 z '= ! nonce1' x yet comes close en\gh to a d\ble-ent5dre--namely1 '= ! nuns4' #cg3 ,dramatic v]sus ,wit ,combats4 ,london1 #ahfd4 ,ed4 ,john ,russell ,smi?4 #ch3 ,to m\nt a bank m\ntebank4 #ci3 ,f "o ( !m poor ,b5 receiv$ a vile m$ic9e3 a purge4 #dj3 ',lewd'unle>n$4 #da3 ,%aksp]e's ,autobiographical ,poems4 #db3 ,k>l ,elze 7,essays on ,%akespe>e2 ,london #ahgd7 ?9ks ?is passage is int5d$ aga9/ ,%akespe>e's alleg$ !ft committ$ 9 ! ,tempe/1 ! composition ( :i* he1 !re=e1 places 9 ! ye> #afjd-e1 :ile mo/ critics assign x to a mu* lat] p]iod4 ,x mu/ also be m5tion$ t ,k>l ,elze draws att5tion to ! m fri5dly words ) :i* ,jonson1 9 8 own h&writ+1 d$icates 8 ,volpone to ,florio4 ,9 ! op9ion ( ! ,g]man critic1 x is n difficult to ga!r f ?is ,d$ication ! desire ( ! meanly qu>relsome s*ol> ,jonson to give 8 fri5d ,florio to und]/& t1 among o!r ?+s1 he w\ld read ) consid]able satisfaction h[ he 7,jonson7 _h made %ort "w ) ?is ',%ake-sc5e' & ?is 'up/>t ,cr[4' #dc3 ,dekk] tells ,horace t 8--,johnson's--plays are mislik$ at ,c\rt4 ,accord+ to ! above-quot$ words ( ,jonson1 ,hamlet seems to h pleas$ at ,c\rt on its fir/ appe>ance4 #dd3 ,! foll[+ passage 9 ,jonson's ,epico5e is also int]e/+1 ?\gh 9 ! play itself x is n made to ref] to ,montaigne b app>5tly to ,plut>* & ,s5eca3 ',grave asses6 m]e essayi/s3 a few loose s5t5ces1 & t's all4 ,a man c\ld talk s 8 :ole age4 ,i d utt] z good ?+s e h\r if !y 7 collect$ & obs]v$1 z ei!r ( !m4' ,may n su* words h fall5 f ,%aksp]e's lips1 9 reg>d to ,montaigne1 be=e an intimate circle 9 ! ,m]maid ,tav]n8 #de3 ,?is may po9t ei!r to ,montaigne or to ,dr4 ,gu9ne1 ! fell[-work] ( ,florio 9 ! translation ( ! ,essays1 :om ! latt] calls 'a mon/]-quell+ ,!seus or ,h]cules4' #df3 ,! reasons :i* induce u to ?is op9ion are ! foll[+3 ,! ?ree au?ors ( ,ea/w>d ,hoe 7 arre/$ on acc\nt ( a satire conta9$ 9 ?is play aga9/ ! ,scots2 ,james ,i41 himself a ,scot1 hav+ become ,k+ ( ,engl& a ye> be=e4 ,! audaci\s /age-poets 7 ?reat5$ ) hav+ _! noses & e>s cut (f4 ,!y 7 pres5tly fre$1 h[ev]2 probably ?r\gh ! int]v5tion ( "s noblem54 ,soon aft]w>ds1 ,jonson 0 aga9 9 prison2 & we suspect t ?is second imprisonm5t took place 9 consequ5ce ( ,volpone4 ,we base ?is view on sev]al incid5ts4 ,9 a lett] ,jonson address$ 9 #afje1 f 8 place ( conf9em5t1 to ,"l ,salisbury 7,b5 ,jonson1 edit$ by ,cunn+ham1 vol4 i4 xlix471 he says t he regrets hav+ once m to apply to 8 k9dness on acc\nt ( a play1 aft] hav+ sc>cely rep5t$ '8 fir/ error' 7mo/ probably ,ea/w>d ,hoe74' ,be=e ,i c %ew myself grateful 9 ! lea/ = =m] b5efits1 ,i am en=c$ to provoke y\r b\nties = m4' ,9 ?is lett]1 ,jonson uses a tone simil> to ! "o :i* p]vades 8 ,d$ication ( ,volpone4 ,we !re=e believe t bo? lett] & ,d$ication h ref]5ce to "o & ! same matt]4 ,9 ! lett]1 ,jonson addresses ,"l ,salisbury 9 ?is way3--',my noble "l1 !y deal n *>itably :o are witty 9 ano!r man's "w1 & utt] sometimes _! own malici\s mean+s "u our words4' ,he !n cont9ues1 prote/+ t s9ce 8 fir/ error1 :i* 0 puni%$ m ) 8 %ame ?an ) 8 bondage1 he has only t\*$ at g5]al vice1 sp>+ p>ticul> p]sons4 ,he goes on3--',i besee* y\r mo/ hon\rable ,lord%ip1 suff] n o!r m5's errors or faults pa/ to be made my crimes2 b let me be exam9$ by all my works pa/ & ?is pres5t2 & tru/ n to ,rum\r1 b my books 7= %e is an unju/ deliv]]1 bo? ( great & ( small actions71 :e!r ,i h ev] 7_m ?+s ,i h writt5 private & public7 giv5 (f5ce to a nation1 to a public ord] or /ate1 or any p]son ( hon\r or au?ority2 b h equally lab\r$ to keep _! dignity1 z my own p]son1 safe4' ,n[1 let u comp>e ! foll[+ v]ses f ! second ,prologue ( ,epico5e 7! plural "h becomes ! s+ul>73-- ,if any yet w1 ) p>ticul> sleight ,( application1 7,occasion$ by "s p]son's imp]t95t ,exceptions47 wre/ :at he do? write2 ,& t he meant1 or him1 or h]1 w say3 ,!y make a libel1 :i* he made a play4 ,nor w x be easy to f9d out :o 0 ! cause ( ,volpone hav+ be5 p]secut$ at "o "t--t is to say1 =bidd5 to be act$ on ! /age4 7,p]*ance by ! 'ob/rep]\s ,sir ,lawy]' :o is m5tion$ 9 x87 ,we direct ! read]'s att5tion to ! eulogi/ic poems compos$ by ,jonson's fri5ds on ,volpone4 7,b5 ,jonson1 by ,cunn+ham1 vol4 i4 pp4 civ4-cv47 ,fir/ !re are ! extraord9>y praises writt5 by ^? :o sign _! names 9 full3--,j4 ,,donne1 ,e4 ,,bolton1 ,,francis ,,beaumont4 ,!n foll[ v]ses1 probably compos$ some:at lat]1 :i* are cauti\sly sign$ by initials only--,d4 ,d41 ,j4 ,c41 ,g4 ,c41 ,e4 ,s41 ,j4 ,f41 ,t4 ,r4 ,?is is n ! case ) any o!r eulogi/ic poems ref]r+ to ,jonson's dramas4 ,! v]ses be=e m5tion$1 :i* are only sign$ by initials1 all speak ( a 'p]secut$ fox1 or ( a fox kill$ by h\nds4' #dg3 ',come1 my coa*6' means3 ',i value my hon\r less ?an my coa*4' ,! expression1 ',o1 h[ ! :eel becomes x6' is ( su* a "* t we mu/ ref] ! read] to ,montaigne's ,essay ,,iii4 #aa4 #dh3 ,ea/w>d ,hoe 0 act$ 9 ! ,blackfri>s ,!atre by ',! ,*ildr5 ( ,h] ,maje/ie's ,revels4' #di3 ,until n[ x has be5 assum$ t ,! ,malcont5t 0 act$ by ,%aksp]e's ,company 9 ! ,globe ,!atre4 ,?is conclusion 0 bas$ on ! title-page ( ! drama1 :i* runs ?us3-- ,,! ,,malcont5t ,augm5t$ by ,m>/on ,) ! ,additions play$ by ! ,k+s ,,maie/ies ,,s]vants ,writt5 by ,,john ,,web/]4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 to be not$ t 9 reg>d to all o!r plays ( ,m>/on1 :5ev] x is m5tion$ by :om !y 7 act$ 7s1 = in/ance1 9 reg>d to ,! ,p>asita/]1 ! ,dut* ,c\rtesane1 & ,ea/w>d ,hoe71 ! title is always indicat$ 9 ?is way 7designat+ bo? ! ,!atre & ! ,company73--',z x 0 plaid 9 ! ,black ,fri>s by ! ,*ildr5 ( h] ,maie/ies ,revels4' ,aga91 ! m]e p]usal ( ! ',induction' ( ,! ,malcont5t 7n to speak ( ! drama itself7 %[s t ?is play c\ld n h be5 act$ 'by ! ,k+s ,maie/ies s]vants' dur+ ,%aksp]e's memb]%ip4 ,=1 9 ?is ,induction !re appe> f\r actors ( ,%aksp]e's company3 ,sly1 ,burbadge1 ,condell1 & ,l[94 ,!y are br\ght 9 to ju/ify !mselves :y !y act a c]ta9 play1 'ano!r ,company hav+ int]e/ 9 x4' ,"o ( ! actors excuses _! do+ s by say+ t1 z !y !mselves h be5 simil>ly robb$1 !y h a cle> "r to ,malevole1 ! *ief "* 9 ,! ,malcont5t4 ',:y n ,malevole 9 folio ) u1 z ,j]onimo 9 decimo sexto ) !m8 ,!y taught u a "n = our play3 we call x3 ,"o = ,ano!r4' 7,t is to say1 we give !m ',tit = ,tat4'7 ,sly4 ,:at are y\r additions8 ,burbadge4 ,soo?1 n greatly ne$efull1 only z y\r sallet 7salad7 to y\r greate fea/--to ent]ta9e a little m "t1 & to abridge ! n receiv$ cu/ome ( musicke 9 our !at]4 ,i mu/ leave y1 ,sir4 ,exit ,burbadge4 ,s9kl[4 ,do? he play ,! ,malcont5t8 ,condell4 ,yes1 ,sir4 ,our explanation ( ! ,induction is ?is3 ,m>/on has committ$ satirical trespass ^u ,hamlet4 ,%aksp]e1 on 8 "p1 made use ( ! *ief action & ! *ief *>act]s ( ,! ,malcont5t 9 8 ,measure = ,measure 7',"o = ,ano!r'72 b he did s 9 8 own nobl] mann]4 ,f ! wildly confus$ mat]ial be=e him he compos$ a magnific5t drama4 ,once m1 9 ! v beg9n+ ( act i4 sc4 ,i1 ,%aksp]e makes ! ,duke utt] words1 ea* ( :i* is direct$ aga9/ ! inactive nature ( ,montaigne3-- ,?yself & ?y belong+s ,are n ?9e own s prop] z to wa/e ,?yself ^u ?y virtues1 !m on !e4 444,= if our virtues ,did n g =? ( u1 't 7 all alike ,z if we _h !m n4 ,%aksp]e's contempor>ies 7 n ov] c>eful z reg>ds /yle4 ',) ! additions play$ by ! ,k+s ,maie/ies ,s]vants1 writt5 by ,john ,web/]1' means t ! additions1 9 :i* ! s]vants ( ,8 ,maje/y1 9 ! ',induction1' are br\ght on ! /age1 7 writt5 by ,john ,web/]4 ,read ! ',extempore ,prologue' :i* ,sly speaks at ! conclusion ( ! ,induction--a %ameless trave/y ( ! ,epilogue 9 ,z ,y ,l ,x4 ,read ! beg9n+ ( act iii4 sc4 #b ( ,! ,malcont5t1 :]e ,malevole 7'9 "s freeze g[n'7 burlesques ! spl5did monologue 9 ,k+ ,h5ry ! ,f\r? 7,"p #aa4 act iv4 sc4 ,i74 ,read act iii4 sc4 #c ( ,! ,malcont5t1 :]e ,m>/on sne]s at ! sc5e 9 act iv4 ( ,k+ ,ri*>d ! ,second :5 ,ri*>d says3-- ,n[ is ?is gold5 cr[n l a deep well1 ,t owes two buckets fill+ "o ano!r4 #ej3 ,is x imag9able t ,%aksp]e c\ld h all[$ 8 own mo/ beautiful productions to be ?us le]$ at1 & mock$1 9 8 own !atre8 ,our feel+ rebels aga9/ ! ?\ght4 ,b5iam9i ,jonsonio ,poetae ,elegantissimo ,gravissimo ,amico ,suo ,c&ido et ,cordato ,johannes ,m>/on1 ,mus>um ,alumnus1 ,asp]am ,hanc ,suam ,?aliam ,,dd4 #ea3 ,:o else c be meant by ! ',fr5*man's ,helicon' ?an ,montaigne8 ,he is satirically call$ ',helicon1' z he is tak5 d[n f 8 height 9 ',hamlet4' #eb3 ,9 mean+ alike to ,jonson's3 ',c\nt+ all old doctr9e h]esie4' #ec3 ,act i4 sc4#b4 #ed3 ,act iv4 sc4 #e4 #ee3 ,act i4 sc4 #d4 #ef3 ,act i4 sc4 #g4 #eg3 ,act i4 sc4 #f4 #eh3 ,act iii4 sc4 #b4 #ei3 ,act ii4 sc4 #e4 #fj3 ,act i4 ,sc4 #e 9 ,hamlet2 ,malcont5t1 act iii4 sc4 #c4 #fa3 ,p]haps an allusion to ! conclusion ( ,hamlet1 :5 ! ,/ate falls into ! h&s ( a soldi] 7,=t9bras74 --,soldat5-,religion1 ke9e ,religion 7'a soldi]'s religion1 no religion'71 z ! old ,g]man say+ is4 #fb3 ,ro*elle-,*ur*man--t is1 ,hugu5ot4 #fc3 ,see ,bacon's ,essay1 ,( ,a!ism3 ',all t impugn a receiv$ religion or sup]/ition are by ! adv]se "p br&$ ) ! "n ( ,a!i/s4' #fd3 ,sonnet lxvi4 lxxxv4 #fe3 xc4 xci4 xcii4 #ff3 ,9 ,ea/w>d ,hoe1 8 mo/ delicate poetical production1 ,ophelia1 is mo/ abom9ably p>odi$--'rudely /rumpet$4'