,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,und]scores 80 be=e & aft] a ^w or phrase indicate italics 9 ! orig9al text4 ,small capitals h be5 conv]t$ to ,,solid capitals4 ,illu/rations h be5 mov$ s !y d n break up p>agraphs4 ,typographical & punctuation errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,an ,ice ,cream ,laboratory ,guide ,,by ,w4 ,w4 ,,fisk ,assi/ant ,pr(essor ( ,dairy ,indu/ry at ,cornell ,univ]sity & ,h4 ,b4 ,,ell5b]g] ,in/ructor ( ,dairy ,indu/ry at ,cornell ,univ]sity ,,new ,,york ,,orange ,,judd ,,company #aiag ,copyright1 #aiag1 by ,,orange ,,judd ,,company ,all ,rights ,res]v$ ,pr9t$ 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface #a ,,discussion ,,( ,,laboratory ,,equipm5t #c ,,ex]cise ,i ,inspection & ,/udy ( ,ice ,cream ,ma*9]y #f ,,discussion ,,( ,,/&>dization #h ,,ex]cise ,,ii ,/&>dization #ab ,,ex]cise ,,iii ,te/+ ,ice ,cream = ,fat #ad ,,ex]cise ,,iv ,effect ( ! ,salt & ,ice ,mixture on ,temp]ature #af ,,classification ,,( ,,ice ,,cream #ah ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,/abiliz]s #ba ,,ex]cise ,v ,freez+ ,pla9 ,ice ,creams #bd ,,ex]cise ,,vi ,me?ods ( ,measur+ ,swell #bf ,,h>d5+ ,,ice ,,cream #bh ,,ex]cise ,,vii ,freez+ ,fruit ,ice ,cream4 ,h>d5+ 9 ,salt & ,ice #cj ,,ex]cise ,,viii ,freez+ ,nut ,ice ,cream #cb ,,ex]cise ,,ix ,freez+ ,bisque ,ice ,cream #cd ,,ex]cise ,x ,mak+ ,bricks & ,fancy ,m\ld$ ,ice ,creams #cg ,,ex]cise ,,xi ,freez+ ,cu/>d ,ice ,cream #da ,,ex]cise ,,xii ,freez+ ,p>fait or ,fr5* ,ice ,creams #de ,,ex]cise ,,xiii ,freez+ ,pudd+s #di ,,ex]cise ,,xiv ,freez+ ,ices #eb ,,ex]cise ,,xv ,freez+ ,wat] ,%]bets #ed ,,ex]cise ,,xvi ,freez+ ,milk ,%]bets #ef ,,ex]cise ,,xvii ,freez+ ,pun*es & ,lacto #eh ,,ex]cise ,,xviii ,freez+ ,m\sse #fj ,,ex]cise ,,xix ,/&>dize ,mix to a ,giv5 ,p]c5tage ( ,fat #fb ,,score ,,c>d ,,= ,,judg+ ,,ice ,,cream #fd ,,ex]cise ,,xx ,judg+ ,pla9 ,ice ,creams #ff ,,ex]cise ,,xxi ,! ,effect ( ,fat ,cont5t on ,ice ,cream #fh ,,ex]cise ,,xxii ,! ,effect ( ,diff]5t ,b9d]s on ,ice ,cream #gj ,,ex]cise ,,xxiii ,! ,effect ( ,v>y+ ,p]c5tages ( ,milk ,solids ,n ,fat on ,ice ,cream #gb ,,ex]cise ,,xxiv ,freez+ ,ice ,cream f ,raw1 ,pa/euriz$1 ,emulsifi$ & ,homog5iz$ ,cream #gd ,,ex]cise ,,xxv ,! ,effect ( ,ag+ ,cream on ! ,viscosity & ,swell #gf ,,ex]cise ,,xxvi ,! ,effect ( ! ,temp]ature ( ! ,mix z ,x ,ent]s ! ,freez] on ! ,swell #gh ,,ex]cise ,,xxvii ,effect ( ! ,"t ( ,freez+ on ! ,swell & ,quality ( ! ,ice ,cream #hj ,,ex]cise ,,xxviii ,bact]ial ,c\nts ( ,ice ,cream #hb ,,ex]cise ,,xxix ,te/+ ,samples ( ,gelat9 #hd ,,ex]cise ,,xxx ,trip to ,comm]cial ,plants #hf ,,ex]cise ,,xxxi ,/ud5ts' ,receipts #hh ,,preface ,! manufacture ( ice cream is bas$ on c]ta9 sci5tific pr9ciples4 ,x is ! purpose ( ?is laboratory manual to help ! /ud5t to bett] und]/& ! application ( ^! pr9ciples4 ,?is manual1 :i* is ! result ( sev]al ye>s' exp]i5ce 9 tea*+1 is n int5d$ z a textbook1 b z a brief & concise outl9e ( laboratory ex]cises4 ,x w also s]ve z a suitable place = ! /ud5t to record obs]vations4 ,! ex]cises h be5 prep>$1 s t ea* in/ructor may make selections & comb9ations suitable = ! equipm5t & ! ne$s ( 8 c\rse4 ,because ?is is comp>atively a new subject & ! ideas reg>d+ ice cream production & manufacture are con/antly *ang+1 ! au?ors recognize t ?is manual w ne$ frequ5t revisions4 ,an ef=t w be made to keep x ?or\ghly up to date4 ,dairy ,laboratories1 ,new ,york ,/ate ,college ( ,agriculture1 at ,cornell ,univ]sity1 ,i?aca1 ,new ,york1 ,febru>y1 #aiag4 ,an ,ice ,cream ,laboratory ,guide ,,laboratory ,,equipm5t ,! ex]cises 9 ?is manual may be select$ or easily modifi$1 s t !y w be suitable = any laboratory equipm5t4 ,= example1 ! receipts h be5 prep>$ ) ! expectation t a #aj-;gallon freez] w\ld be us$2 if a small] freez] is us$1 ! receipts may be r$uc$ proportionally4 ,mu* bett] in/ruction c be giv5 if ! equipm5t includes an artificial refrig]at+ plant = freez+ & h>d5+ ! ice cream4 ,if ! equipm5t does n include an artificial refrig]at+ plant1 a tub & c freez]1 us+ an ice & salt mixture = freez+1 & a wood5 box = pack+ & h>d5+ ! ice cream1 9 ice & salt1 may be us$4 ,! h>d5+ box %\ld be made ( #b in* mat*$ lumb] s t x w n leak4 ,! size ( ! box w be det]m9$ by ! am\nt ( ice cream manufactur$4 ,x %\ld be built 9 comp>tm5ts :i* w hold six five gallon cans4 ,?is w require a box #bf in*es wide by #cb in*es deep by #cf in*es long1 outside measurem5t1 ) a h+$ cov] = ea* comp>tm5t4 ,if mu* ice cream is to be made an ice cream mix] is a necessity1 b if a small am\nt is made ea* bat* may be mix$ 9 a #dj qu>t milk c4 ,a homog5iz] & emulsor may be includ$ 9 ! equipm5t4 ,) :atev] type ( freez] is us$1 !re %\ld be "o or two small h& freez]s1 to freeze small bat*es & to try new receipts4 ,an ice cru%] %\ld be includ$ = cru%+ ice4 ,! equipm5t %\ld include ! necess>y small ut5sils1 su* z pails1 dipp]s1 ladles1 spoons1 !rmomet]s1 scales1 measures1 pack cans1 etc4 ,!re %\ld be a suitable s9k connect$ ) hot & cold wat] & /eam1 = wa%+ & scald+ ! ut5sils4 ,a suitable rack %\ld be provid$ = dry+ & hold+ ! ut5sils & pack cans4 ,because ( ! salt us$1 c>e mu/ be ex]cis$1 z x is liable to get on ! ut5sils & cause !m to ru/4 ,all belts & ge>s on ma*9es %\ld be protect$1 s t p]sons _c be caught & injur$ 9 !m4 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,i ,,inspection ,,& ,,/udy ,,( ,,ice ,,cream ,,ma*9]y ,artificial refrig]at+ sy/ems4 ,i4 ,/ate briefly ! pr9ciples involv$ 9 an artificial refrig]at+ plant4 ,,ii4 ,make draw+s %[+ ! work+ pr9ciples ( ! refrig]at+ sy/em4 ,,iii4 ,tell h[ to />t & /op ! compressor4 ,ice cream freez]s4 ,i4 ,tell ! pr9ciples on :i* ! v>i\s types ( freez]s "w4 ,,ii4 ,h[ c ! temp]ature 9 ! diff]5t types ( freez]s be regulat$8 ,clean+ ut5sils4 ,i4 ,h[ %\ld ut5sils be wa%$8 ,:y8 ,,ii4 ,are all ut5sils s con/ruct$ t !y may be easily & ?or\ghly clean$8 ,:at provisions h be5 made to make clean+ easy8 ,,ex]cise ,i ,,report ,,/&>dization ,"o ( ! ma9 requirem5ts = a successful ice cream bus9ess is uni=mity ( quality4 ,9 ord] to obta9 ?is1 x is necess>y to h cream ea* "t conta9+ ! same p]c5tage ( fat4 ,z x is impossible to always get cream ( a uni=m fat cont5t1 ! cream mu/ be /&>diz$4 ,t is1 ! p]c5tage ( fat mu/ be ei!r increas$ or decreas$ to ! desir$ am\nt4 ,x is ! usual practice to h ri*] cream ?an is to be us$ & r$uce x by ! addition ( less ri* cream1 :ole milk1 or skim milk4 ,if ! cream 0 l[] 9 p]c5tage ( fat ?an 0 desir$1 x c\ld be /&>diz$ only by ! addition ( ri*] cream4 ,pr(4 ,r4 ,a4 ,pe>son has devis$ a v simple me?od1 kn[n z ! rectangul> me?od ( /&>dization4 ,?is me?od is z foll[s3 draw a rectangle & place 9 ! c5t] ! p]c5tage ( fat desir$4 ,at ! left h& corn]s place ! p]c5tages ( fat 9 ! mat]ials to be mix$4 ,x is cu/om>y to place ! l>g] figure at ! top1 ?us3 ,illu/ration ,!n subtract diagonally1 plac+ ! rema9d]s at ! "r h& corn]s1 z %[n above4 ,^! %[ ! proportions by weight 9 :i* ! mat]ials mu/ be mix$ to give ! desir$ p]c5tage ( fat4 ,a problem may s]ve to illu/rate ! me?od4 ,h[ _m p\nds ea* ( #cj cream & #d milk are necess>y to make #bfj lbs4 ( #bj cream8 ,illu/ration ,?is %[s #af lbs4 #cj cream & #aj lbs4 #d milk make #bf lbs4 ( #bj cream1 b #bfj lbs4 is requir$4 ,?is is be/ solv$ by simple proportion3 #aj lbs4 milk #bf lbs4 #bj cream x lbs4 milk #bfj lbs4 #bj cream4 ,solv+ x #ajj lbs4 #d milk requir$ & #bfj-ajj lbs4 milk #afj lbs4 #cj cream requir$ :i* may also be det]m9$ by proportion4 ,to be sure no mi/akes are made 9 figur+1 x is be/ to prove all /&>dizations4 ,! pro( is simple4 #bfj lbs4 #bj cream conta9s #eb lbs4 fat 7requir$74 #afj lbs4 #cj 0 0 #dh lbs4 0 #ajj lbs4 #d milk 0 #d lbs4 0 -- ,mak+ a total ( #eb lbs4 fat1 ! am\nt requir$4 ,9 ! above problem a def9ite am\nt ( ! mixture 0 requir$4 ,!re is ano!r class ( /&>dization problems 9 :i* ! am\nt ( "o ( ! mat]ials is giv51 to f9d ! quantity ( ! o!r requir$ to /&>dize x3 ,h[ mu* #d milk mu/ be mix$ ) #dbj lbs4 ( #dj cream to make a mixture te/+ #be fat8 ,illu/ration ,?is %[s t #ae lbs4 ( #d milk w /&>dize #ba lbs4 ( #dj cream to a cream ta/+ #be fat4 ,b !re are #dbj lbs4 ( #dj cream to /&>dize4 ,by simple proportion1 #ae lbs4 #d milk #ba lbs4 #dj cream x lbs4 #d milk #dbj lbs4 #dj cream4 ,solv+ x #cjj lbs4 #d milk #dbj lbs4 cream #cjj lbs4 milk #gbj lbs4 #be cream4 ,pro(3 #gbj lbs4 ( #be cream conta9s #ahj lbs4 fat4 #cjj lbs4 ( #d milk 0 #ab lbs4 0 #dbj lbs4 ( #dj cream 0 #afh lbs4 0 ------ ,mak+ a total ( #ahj lbs4 fat4 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,ii ,,/&>dization ,cream & milk to /&>dize w be furni%$4 ,te/ bo? by ! ,babcock me?od & report ! result to ! in/ructor1 :o w assign a def9ite p]c5tage ( fat = ! /&>diz$ mixture4 ,aft] /&>diz+1 te/ a sample ( ! /&>diz$ mixture by ! ,babcock me?od to te/ ! accuracy ( y\r "w4 ,report all calculations & results on opposite page4 ,,ex]cise ,,ii ,,report ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,iii ,,te/+ ,,ice ,,cream ,,= ,,fat ,ice cream _c be te/$ = fat1 by ! ,babcock te/1 z milk1 because ! acid *>s ! sug>1 :i* int]f]es ) ! read+4 ,v>i\s me?ods ( te/+ ice cream1 s z to ov]come ?is disadvantage h be5 devis$4 ,a few ( ! simpl] ones foll[4 ,te/ a sample ( ice cream by ea* ( ! foll[+ me?ods & report results on ! opposite page4 ,me?od ( ,pr(4 ,h4 ,e4 ,ross3 ,mix equal p>ts by weight ( melt$ ice cream & wat]4 ,weigh into a #i gram #ej cream bottle #i grams ( ! mixture4 ,add #ag4e cc4 ( glacial acetic acid4 ,%ake = two to ?ree m9utes4 ,next add #ae cc4 ( sulphuric acid su* z is us$ = ! ,babcock te/4 ,%ake = "o m9ute & proce$ z 9 ! ord9>y ,babcock te/4 ,multiply ! read+ by two4 ,me?od ( ,j4 ,p4 ,dawson3 ,weigh #ah grams ( melt$ ice cream at a temp]ature ( #gj degrees ,f4 into a #cj1 #i in* cream te/ bottle4 ,add #h cc4 ( glacial acetic acid1 agitate g5tly = #b m9utes & add #aj cc4 ( ,babcock sulphuric acid4 ,%ake & c5trifuge 9 ! usual mann]4 ,note3 ,!re appe>s to be no reason :y "o half ! quantities ( ice cream & acids may n be us$ 9 a #f in* #i gram #ej cream bottle4 ,me?od (t5 us$ by ! au?ors3 ,weigh #i grams ( melt$ ice cream into a #f in* #ej1 #i gram cream bottle & add ab\t #i cc4 ( wat]4 ,add ?ree qu>t]s ( an acid measure ( glacial acetic acid & mix ?or\ghly4 ,next add two ?irds ( an acid measure ( ,babcock sulphuric acid4 ,%ake till well mix$ & c5trifuge 9 ! usual mann]4 ,,ex]cise ,,iii ,,report ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,iv ,,effect ,,( ,,! ,,salt ,,& ,,ice ,,mixture ,,on ,,temp]ature ,make a br9e "o "p salt to t5 p>ts ( wat] by weight4 ,) "p ( ?is fill ! c ( a h& freez] two ?irds full j z ?\gh x 7 an ice cream mix :i* y 7 go+ to freeze4 ,record ! temp]ature ( ?is br9e4 ,trial #a4 ,us+ a mixture ( "o p\nd ( salt to #aj lbs4 ( cru%$ ice1 try freez+ ! br9e 9 ! freez] c4 ,turn #aj m9utes1 keep+ ! freez] c well cov]$ ) ! ice & salt mixture4 ,op5 & record ! temp]ature ( ! br9e 9 ! c4 ,trial #b4 ,empty ! freez] c & tub & refill ! c ) m ( ! br9e us$ 9 ,trial #a4 ,be sure to h x ! same temp]ature4 ,us+ a salt & ice mixture ( ! same proportions1 pack ! tub aga9 & 9 addition add en\gh cold wat] s t x />ts to run f ! ov]fl[ hole 9 ! tub4 ,turn ! freez] #aj m9utes1 record+ ! temp]ature ( ! br9e fl[+ f ! ov]fl[ hole e #b m9utes4 ,be sure to keep ! ice-salt-wat] mixture 9 ! tub well mix$ by pun*+ ) a /ick su* z a saw$-(f broom h&le4 ,aga9 record ! temp]ature ( ! br9e 9 ! c4 ,:y does x diff] f :at x 0 9 ,trial #a8 ,trial #c4 ,repeat ,trial #b1 except use a mixture ( salt & ice "o to six in/ead ( "o to #aj4 ,record results4 ,trial #d4 ,repeat ,trial #c b d n mix ! ice1 salt1 & wat] 9 ! tub4 ,expla9 ! diff]5ce 9 ! results obta9$ 9 ,trials #c & #d4 ,tabulate & report all ! data :i* y h record$4 ,,ex]cise ,,iv ,,report ,,classification ,,( ,,ice ,,cream ,9 ! abs5ce ( ! adoption ( any uni=m /&>d classification ( ice cream1 ! foll[+ classification 9 use by ! au?ors is giv54 ,x is simple1 yet compreh5sive1 & is arrang$ accord+ to fundam5tal diff]5ces 9 composition4 ,?is seems to be ! mo/ logical basis = classify+ ice cream & is v satisfactory f a laboratory /&po9t4 ,ex]cises & repres5tative =mulas w be giv5 = ea* ( ^! classes4 ,i4 ,pla9 or uncook$ ice cream1 (t5 kn[n z ,philadelphia ice cream1 is made f cream1 sug>1 & flavor+1 ) or )\t cond5s$ milk or "s /abiliz]4 ,x may be subdivid$ z foll[s3 #a4 ,pla9--,flavors su* z ,vanilla1 ,*ocolate1 ,c>amel1 ,c(fee1 ,m9t1 etc4 #b4 ,fruit--,flavor$ ) fre% or cann$ fruits su* z ,pea*1 ,p9eapple1 ,/rawb]ry1 ,*]ry1 etc4 #c4 ,nut--,flavor$ ) su* nuts z ,walnut1 ,almond1 ,filb]t1 ,*e/nut1 ,pi/a*io1 etc4 #d4 ,bisque--,flavor$ ) ,m>%mall[s1 ,mac>oons1 ,sponge ,cake1 ,nabisco ,waf]s1 ,grape-nuts1 etc4 ,,ii4 ,cook$ ice cream1 (t5 kn[n z ,fr5* or ,neapolitan ice cream1 is made f cream1 sug>1 flavor+1 & eggs4 ,z cu/>ds !y sometimes conta9 fl\r or corn/>*4 ,! foll[+ subdivisions are recogniz$3 #a4 ,p>faits or ,fr5*--,flavors su* z ,vanilla1 ,*ocolate1 etc41 are mo/ common1 b v>i\s fruits are sometimes us$4 #b4 ,pudd+s--,^! are highly flavor$ ) v>i\s dri$ & c&i$ fruits1 nuts1 & spices4 ,examples are ,nesselrode1 ,roman1 & ,engli% ,plum4 #c4 ,cu/>ds--,^! conta9 fl\r1 corn/>*1 tapioca1 or o!r simil> +r$i5ts1 & are almo/ always flavor$ ) vanilla4 ,,iii4 ,%]bets & ,ices are made f wat] or milk1 sug>1 (t5 egg album5 & a /abiliz]1 & flavor$ ) fruit juices or o!r natural flavor+4 ,! mo/ prom95t classes are ! foll[+3 #a4 ,ices--,made f wat]1 sug> & "s natural flavor+ )\t eggs or a /abiliz]4 ,?is may include granites & frapps4 ,granites are froz5 ) little agitation1 :ile frapps are only semi-froz5 to a slu%y consi/5cy4 #b4 ,wat] ,%]bets--are made ! same z ices ) ! addition ( egg :ites & sometimes a /abiliz]4 ,if ! :ole egg is us$1 !y are sometimes call$ s\ffles4 #c4 ,pun*es--are ices or wat] %]bets flavor$ ) liquors or highly flavor$ ) fruit juices & spices4 #d4 ,milk ,%]bets--,made f skimm$ or :ole milk1 sug>1 & egg :ites1 ) or )\t a /abiliz] & flavor$ ) "s natural flavor+4 #e4 ,lacto--,made f skimm$ or :ole s\r milk in/ead ( sweet milk b 9 o!r respects !y resemble milk %]bets4 ,,iv4 ,m\sse is a ri* cream1 sweet5$ & :ipp$ to a /iff fro?1 flavor$ & froz5 9 m\lds or cans4 ,9 ! laboratories at ! ,new ,york /ate agricultural college #bj cream is us$ 9 mak+ all pla9 or uncook$ ice creams4 ,!re=e 9 ! foll[+ ex]cises & =mulas a #bj cream is us$ z a base 9 mo/ cases4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 may be r$uc$ to #ah or #af if x is ?\ght desirable4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! =mulas giv5 are = laboratory use & are n especially recomm5d$ z ideal =mulas = comm]cial use4 ,_m ( !m h giv5 good results 9 comm]cial plants b !re are s _m v>iations & comb9ations possible t no s+le =mula or gr\p ( =mulas c be giv5 z ideal = all comm]cial plants4 ,if ! use ( cond5s$ milk is desir$ eight p\nds ( :ole cond5s$ milk may be sub/itut$ = ! same am\nt ( cream ) excell5t results 9 any ( ! =mulas giv5 = pla9 ice cream4 ,mo/ comm]cial plants use cond5s$ milk to give ! ice cream m body & bett] /&+ quality4 ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,/abiliz]s ,a /abiliz] ( "s k9d is g5]ally admitt$ to be necess>y 9 comm]cial ice cream4 ,! ?ree mo/ commonly us$ are gelat91 ice cream p[d]s & gum tragacan?4 ,gelat9 may be prep>$ 9 any ( ! ?ree foll[+ ways1 us+ ei!r milk or wat] = dissolv+ x4 ,h[ev]1 if milk is us$1 "o ( ! fir/ two me?ods %\ld be us$1 s z to avoid any cook$ flavor f boil$ milk4 #a4 ,us+ "o p9t to "o qu>t ( wat] or milk to ea* two ounces ( gelat91 soak ! gelat9 9 ! cold liquid = fifte5 to ?irty m9utes4 ,!n heat ! mixture up to a temp]ature ( #afj degrees to #agj degrees ,f4 & add to ! cream ) rapid agitation4 #b4 ,! same z numb] "o1 except heat ! mixture only to a temp]ature ( #abe degrees to #acj degrees ,f4 = a suffici5t "t to ?or\ghly dissolve all ( ! gelat94 #c4 ,heat ! necess>y am\nt ( wat] to boil+1 dump ! gelat9 into x & /ir till dissolv$4 ,!n add to ! cream ) rapid /irr+4 ,ice cream p[d]s %\ld be us$ accord+ to ! directions giv5 ) !m4 ,gum tragacan? /ock is made 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,place ! dry gum 9 cold wat]1 us+ "o ounce ( gum to f\r p\nds ( wat]4 ,heat sl[ly & uni=mly ov] a l[ flame or bett] 9 a d\ble boil] to a temp]ature ( ab\t #aaj degrees ,f4 ,hold at ?is temp]ature = sev]al h\rs or until ! dry gum has absorb$ all ! wat] x w hold4 ,x does n g into true solution 9 wat] b w absorb ab\t fifty times its own weight ( ! wat]4 ,/ra9 ?r\gh a co>se /ra9] & cool4 ,x is !n ready = imm$iate use4 ,sometimes en\gh is made at "o "t to la/ = sev]al days1 9 :i* case x is be/ to add suffici5t sug> to keep x f spoil+4 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,v ,,freez+ ,,pla9 ,,ice ,,cream ,freeze ice creams aft] ! foll[+ =mulas1 :i* may be r$uc$ to suit ! capacity ( ! freez] us$4 ,eight p\nds ( :ole cond5s$ milk may be sub/itut$ = eight p\nds ( ! cream if desir$4 ,fill out ! record blank on opposite page4 ,no4 #a4 #dj p\nds ( #bj cream #h p\nds ( sug> #d ounces ( vanilla extract #d ounces ( gelat9 if desir$ 7,see page #ba7 ,no4 #b4 #dj p\nds ( #bj cream #h p\nds ( sug> #b ounces ( vanilla extract #d ounces ( gelat9 if desir$ 7,see page #ba7 #a p\nds cocoa dissolv$ 9 f\r p\nds ( boil+ wat] ) "o p\nd ( sug>4 7,*ocolate may be us$47 ,c9namon to ta/e if desir$4 ,no4 #c4 #dj p\nds ( #bj cream #h p\nds ( sug> #b ounces ( vanilla extract #b p\nds ( c(fee 7boil1 /ra9 & use en\gh to flavor to ta/e7 #d ounces ( gelat9 if desir$ 7,see page #ba7 ,no4 #d4 #dj p\nds ( #bj cream #h p\nds ( sug> #a p9t ( creme de m5? syrup #d ounces ( gelat9 if desir$ 7,see page #ba7 ,color pale gre54 ,,ex]cise ,v ,,report ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,vi ,,me?ods ,,( ,,measur+ ,,swell ,freeze "o or m bat*es ( pla9 ice cream z assign$ & measure ! p] c5t4 ( swell 9 ea* ( ! foll[+ ways4 ,record results on ! opposite page4 ,receipt3 #dj p\nds ( #bj cream #h p\nds ( sug> #d ounces ( vanilla extract #d ounces ( gelat9 if desir$ 7,see page #ba7 #a4 ,measure ! gallons ( mix us$4 ,!n measure 9 pack+ cans ! gallons ( ice cream obta9$ & calculate ! p] c5t4 ( swell4 #b4 ,weigh "o gallon ( ! mix4 ,weigh ! fir/ gallon & ! la/ gallon ( ice cream remov$ f ! freez] & calculate ! p] c5t4 ( swell 9 ea* case4 #c4 ,take two samples1 pref]ably f diff]5t pack+ cans ( ice cream f ! same freez]1 & det]m9e ! p] c5t4 ( swell by ! me?od giv5 9 ,bullet9 #bda ( ! ,wiscons9 ,/ation z foll[s3 ,take a #ej cc4 sample ( ice cream ) ! sampl] furni%$ y & transf] to a #cjj cc4 beak]1 us+ exactly #bjj cc4 ( hot wat] to melt x4 ,!n transf] all ( ?is to a #bej cc4 ,flor5ce flask & add #a or #b cc4 ( e!r 7measur$7 to r$uce ! foam4 ,next add en\gh wat] measur$ f a burette to fill ! flask to ! m>k4 ,! e!r & wat] requir$ repres5t ! swell4 ,calculate ! p] c5t4 9 ea* case4 ,:i* me?od d y consid] ! mo/ accurate = comm]cial use & :y8 ,= exp]im5tal use & :y8 ,give special advantages ( ea* te/4 ,,ex]cise ,,vi ,,report ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,h>d5+ ,,ice ,,cream ,ice cream may be ( ! highe/ quality :5 remov$ f ! freez] & yet be ru9$ be=e x becomes h>d en\gh to %ip unless ! h>d5+ is prop]ly accompli%$4 ,! two pr9cipal me?ods 9 use are ! salt & ice me?od & ! artificially cool$ dry h>d5+ room :]e ! cans ( ice cream are simply set 9 a v cold room & h>d5$ by /ill or circulat+ cold air4 ,! temp]ature ( su* a room %\ld be ma9ta9$ at ne> z]o ,f4 ,) ei!r me?od ! h>d5+ process %\ld n require m ?an twelve h\rs4 ,! pack+ cans %\ld always be cold be=e !y are fill$ ) ice cream1 s z to prev5t melt+ 9 ! bottom4 ,directions = h>d5+ 9 salt & ice4 ,ei!r ord9>y pack+ tubs or a l>ge box may be us$ = ?is purpose4 ,if tubs are us$1 simply pack well ) salt & ice mix$ 9 ! proportion ( "o to eight4 ,x is necess>y to repack ^! tubs two or ?ree times a day 9 ord] to keep ! ice cream h>d4 ,:5 sev]al cans ( ice cream are to be h>d5$ at a "t a bett] me?od1 m economical 9 labor & mat]ial1 is to pack ! empty cans up to ! cov]s 9 a l>ge box1 us+ salt & ice1 "o to eight4 ,! s(t ice cream is p\r$ into ^! p>tly pack$ cans & :5 full !y are completely cov]$ ) ! ice & salt mixture4 ,) su* a box x is n necess>y to repack (t5] ?an twice a day4 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,vii ,,freez+ ,,fruit ,,ice ,,cream--,,h>d5+ ,,9 ,,salt ,,& ,,ice ,freeze fruit ice creams aft] ! foll[+ =mula1 us+ su* ( ! flavors z are assign$4 ,fill out record blank on opposite page4 ,receipt3 #dj p\nds ( #bj cream #h p\nds ( sug> #d ounces ( gelat9 9 #d p\nds wat] #c qu>ts pulp$ fruit ,color1 if desir$4 ,flavors3 ,p9eapple1 raspb]ry1 pea*1 *]ry1 /rawb]ry4 ,ei!r fre% or cann$ fruit may be us$4 ,if a p]p5dicul> freez] is us$1 ! fruit %\ld n be add$ until ! ice cream beg9s to ?ick51 :i* w prev5t ! fruit settl+ to ! bottom ( ! freez]4 ,h>d5 ?is ice cream 9 a salt & ice mixture4 ,,ex]cise ,,vii ,,report ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,viii ,,nut ,,ice ,,cream ,freeze nut ice creams z assign$1 us+ ! =mula giv5 bel[4 ,fill out ! record blank on opposite page4 ,flavors3 ,walnut1 filb]t1 almond & pi/a*io4 ,x is bett] if all ( ^!1 except ! walnuts1 are blan*$ be=e us+ by scald+ ) boil+ wat] & remov+ ! sk9s4 ,prep>e ! nuts by runn+ !m ?r\gh a meat *opp] & add to ! ice cream aft] x freezes en\gh to beg9 to ?ick54 ,receipt3 #dj p\nds ( #bj cream #h p\nds ( sug> #b ounces ( vanilla extract #d ounces ( gelat9 9 #d p\nds wat] #c p\nds ( nut meats ,if pi/a*io nuts are us$1 color ! ice cream a pale gre54 ,,ex]cise ,,viii ,,report ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,ix ,,bisque ,,ice ,,cream ,freeze bisque ice cream aft] ! base =mula giv5 bel[1 us+ su* ( ! foll[+ flavors z are assign$4 ,fill out ! record blank on opposite page4 ,flavors3 ,mac>oons1 sponge cake1 grap5uts1 & ,nabisco waf]s4 ,receipt3 #dj p\nds ( #bj cream #h p\nds ( sug> #c ounces ( vanilla extract #d ounces ( gelat9 9 #d p\nds wat] #e p\nds pulv]iz$ bread product4 ,any bread product us$ %\ld be dri$ suffici5tly s t x may be easily cru%$ into f9e crumbs4 ,if p]p5dicul> freez] is us$1 d n add ! crumbs until ! ice cream freezes en\gh to beg9 to ?ick54 ,,ex]cise ,,ix ,,report ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,x ,,mak+ ,,bricks ,,& ,,fancy ,,m\ld$ ,,ice ,,creams ,freeze ! foll[+ pla9 ice creams z assign$4 ,freeze 9 ! ord] giv54 ,fill out record blank on ! opposite page & make bricks & molds ( ! ice cream z direct$ bel[4 ,receipts3 ,no4 #a4 #dj p\nds ( #bj cream #h p\nds ( sug> #e ounces ( gelat9 9 #d p\nds wat] #d ounces ( vanilla extract ,no4 #b4 #dj p\nds ( #bj cream #h p\nds ( sug> #e ounces ( gelat9 9 #d p\nds wat] #a qu>t pulp$ /rawb]ries #d ounces /rawb]ry extract ,color p9k ,no4 #c4 #dj p\nds ( #bj cream #h p\nds ( sug> #e ounces ( gelat9 9 #d p\nds wat] #c ounces ( vanilla extract #a p\nds *ocolate ) #d p\nds ( wat] & "o p\nd ( sug> 7cocoa may be us$ if desir$74 ,fill ! outside ( a few c5t] mold bricks ) vanilla ice cream4 ,h>d5 9 a salt & ice mixture "o "p salt to two p>ts ( ice4 ,:5 h>d )draw ! c5t] mold & fill ) ! /rawb]ry or *ocolate ice cream4 ,aga9 pack 9 salt & ice to h>d54 ,fill a few fancy individual molds & pack 9 ! salt & ice mixture till h>d4 ,ea* /ud5t %\ld make a #c lay] tri-color$ brick4 ,fir/ prep>e ! molds1 atta* y\r "n & pack 9 salt & ice to become ?or\ghly cold4 ,z ! vanilla ice cream is drawn f ! freez] fill ea* mold "o ?ird full & pack 9 ! salt & ice mixture1 s t x w be h>d5$ by ! "t ! /rawb]ry ice cream is ready to be drawn (f4 ,!n fill ano!r "o ?ird ) ! /rawb]ry4 ,f9i% fill+ ) ! *ocolate1 be+ sure to h ! brick s full ( s(t cream t no br9e c ent] "u ! lid4 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 ea* "t to h ! bricks set level 9 ! salt & ice4 ,,ex]cise ,x ,,report ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xi ,,cu/>d ,,ice ,,cream ,freeze cu/>d ice creams aft] ! foll[+ receipts z assign$ & fill out report blank on opposite page4 ,quantities giv5 are = h& freez]s4 ,receipts3 ,no4 #a4 #f qu>ts ( milk #c p\nds ( sug> #bd eggs #ab tablespoonfuls ( corn/>* #f tablespoonfuls ( vanilla or to ta/e4 ,put ! milk ov] ! fire 9 a f>9a or d\ble wat] boil]4 ,moi/5 ! corn/>* ) a little cold milk s t x c be add$ to milk )\t lump+4 ,:5 ! milk is hot1 add ! corn/>* & /ir until x beg9s to ?ick54 ,beat ! eggs & sug> toge!r until light & !n add !m to ! hot milk4 ,cook a few m9utes1 take f fire1 flavor & cool & freeze same z ice cream4 ,o!r flavors z c(fee or *ocolate may be made by sub/itut+ ^! flavors = ! vanilla4 ,no4 #b4 #e qu>ts milk #a qu>t #cj cream #h eggs #b p\nds sug> #f tablespoonfuls fl\r #a ounces ( vanilla or to ta/e ,foll[ directions giv5 = ,no4 #a4 ,no4 #c4 #b qu>ts #cj cream #d qu>ts ( milk #c p\nds ( sug> #a qu>ts ,m9ute ,tapioca yolks ( #d eggs #a teaspoonful salt #d teaspoonfuls lemon extract #b teaspoonfuls rose extract ,cook ! tapioca 9 two qu>ts ( milk = #aj m9utes1 !n add ! re/ ( ! milk1 ! sug> & salt4 ,cook t5 m9utes long]4 ,remove f fire & add ! egg yolks well beat54 ,!n add ! extract1 cool1 & freeze4 ,:5 ne>ly done1 add ! cream previ\sly beat5 to /iff fro? & f9i% freez+4 ,,ex]cise ,,xi ,,report ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xii ,,p>fait ,,or ,,fr5* ,,ice ,,cream ,freeze ! foll[+ receipts z assign$ & fill out report blank on opposite page4 ,receipts3 ,no4 #a4 #dj p\nds ( #bj cream #aj p\nds ( sug> #d ounces ( vanilla extract #h doz5 eggs well beat5 ,beat ! egg yolks till smoo?1 add ! sug>1 & beat aga9 till x is dissolv$4 ,beat ! :ites to a /iff fro? & /ir into ! yolks & sug>4 ,mix all ) ! cream & cook 9 a d\ble boil] to a temp]ature ( #ahj degrees ,f4 = #ae m9utes4 ,cool to #dj degrees ,f41 add vanilla & freeze4 ,no4 #b4 #dj p\nds ( #bh cream #aj p\nds ( sug> #d ounces ( vanilla extract #h doz5 eggs well beat5 #b qu>ts cru%$ /rawb]ries ,beat :ole eggs toge!r1 add to ! mix & freeze1 or ! :ites may be beat5 sep>ately if desir$ & add$ aft] ! mix is p>tly froz54 ,no4 #c4 #dj p\nds ( #be cream #ab p\nds ( sug> #d ounces ( vanilla extract #d p\nds *opp$ walnut meats yolks ( #h doz5 eggs ,beat ! egg yolks till smoo?1 add ! sug> & beat aga94 ,!n add to ! cream & cook 9 d\ble boil] to #ahj degrees ,f4 = #ae m9utes4 ,cool1 add ! balance ( ! mix & freeze4 ,,ex]cise ,,xii ,,report ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xiii ,,pudd+s ,freeze ! foll[+ pudd+s z assign$ & fill out report blank on opposite page4 ,receipts3 ,no4 #a4--,nesselrode4 #cb p\nds #bh cream #aj doz5 eggs #aj p\nds ( sug> #f ounces vanilla #d p\nds *opp$ walnut meats #c p\nds *opp$ c&i$ *]ries #c p\nds *opp$ c&i$ fruits #d p\nds *opp$ rais9s ,cook ! egg yolks ) ! cream4 ,beat ! :ites & add :5 p>tly froz54 ,no4 #b--;,engli% ,plum4 #cb p\nds #be cream #h doz5 eggs #ab p\nds sug> #c p\nds cocoa or *ocolate #e p\nds assort$ fruits t d n pulp #b p\nds se$$ rais9s #c p\nds dates #d p\nds walnut meats #d tablespoonfuls gr\nd c9namon #a tablespoonful g+] #a tablespoonful gr\nd cloves ,use ! eggs z direct$ "u receipt numb] "o4 ,*op ! fruits & nuts f9e4 ,no4 #c4--;,fruit ,pudd+ #cb p\nds #aj cream #h p\nds :ole cond5s$ milk #h p\nds ( sug> #e ounces ( gelat9 dissolv$ 9 "p ( cream #b p\nds *opp$ *]ries #b p\nds *opp$ rais9s #b p\nds *opp$ nuts #a qu>ts %]ry w9e ,soak ! fruit ov] night 9 ! %]ry w9e4 ,,ex]cise ,,xiii ,,report ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xiv ,,ices ,freeze ! foll[+ wat] ices z assign$ & fill out record blank on opposite page4 ,receipts3 ,no4 #a4 #dh p\nds ( wat] #bj p\nds ( sug> #f p\nds ( lemon juice ,no4 #b4 #dh p\nds ( wat] #bj p\nds ( sug> #b p\nds ( lemon juice #d qu>ts p9eapple juice ,no4 #c4 #dh p\nds ( wat] #bj p\nds ( sug> #b p\nds ( lemon juice #d qu>ts f9ely pulp$ /rawb]ries ,no4 #d4 ,same z numb] two1 except freeze v rapidly ) little agitation4 ,?is is (t5 call$ a granite4 ,,ex]cise ,,xiv ,,report ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xv ,,wat] ,,%]bets ,freeze ! foll[+ %]bets z assign$ & fill out record blank on opposite page4 ,receipts3 ,no4 #a4 #dh p\nds wat] #af p\nds sug> #a p\nd lemon juice #d qu>ts grat$ p9eapple 7or p9eapple juice7 #f ounces ( gelat9 9 #d p\nds ( wat]1 if desir$ #bd egg :ites beat5 /iff & add$ :5 mixture is p>tly froz5 ,no4 #b4 ,same z numb] "o except replace ! p9eapple ) grape juice4 ,no4 #c4 ,use same mix z numb] "o except replace ! p9eapple ) orange juice4 ,boil ! wat] & sug> to a cle> syrup1 !n /ra9 & cool be=e freez+4 ,,ex]cise ,,xv ,,report ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xvi ,,milk ,,%]bets ,freeze milk %]bets aft] ! foll[+ base =mula1 us+ su* ( ! flavor+s z are assign$4 ,fill out ! record blank on ! opposite page4 ,flavors3 ,orange1 grape1 *]ry1 p9eapple1 & /rawb]ry4 ,if lemon is desir$1 use only two qu>ts ( lemon juice ) a qu>t ( orange juice4 ,receipt3 #dh p\nds ( milk #af p\nds ( sug> #e ounces ( gelat9 9 #b qu>ts wat] #a p\nd lemon juice #d qu>ts fruit flavor+ #ab egg :ites beat5 /iff & add$ aft] mixture is p>tly froz54 ,,ex]cise ,,xvi ,,report ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xvii ,,pun*es ,,& ,,lacto ,freeze ! foll[+ =mulas z assign$ & fill out ! record blank on opposite page3 ,pun*es3 ,no4 #a4 #dh p\nds wat] #bj p\nds sug> #a p\nd lemon juice #a qu>t br&y & rum mix$ ,no4 #b4 #dh p\nds wat] #bj p\nds sug> #a p\nd lemon juice #a qu>t orange juice #b qu>ts w9e #d ounces gelat9 9 "p ( ! wat] ,no4 #c4 #dh p\nds wat] #bj p\nds sug> #a qu>t lemon juice #a qu>t raspb]ry juice #a qu>t grape juice cloves1 c9namon1 allspice & nutmeg to ta/e4 ,lacto 7,f ,i[a ,/ation ,bullet9 #adj7 #dh p\nds good />t] j nicely coagulat$ #ah p\nds sug> #bd eggs1 :ites & yolks beat5 sep>ately #b qu>ts ( grape juice #a qu>ts lemon juice ,mix 9 ! ord] giv5 9 ! =mula4 ,o!r flavors may be sub/itut$ = ! grape juice4 ,,ex]cise ,,xvii ,,report ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xviii ,,m\sse ,prep>e & freeze m\sse aft] ! foll[+ =mulas z assign$4 ,no4 #a4--;,= five gallons #bj p\nds ag$ sweet cream1 at lea/ #dj fat #e p\nds sug> #f ounces ( gelat9 juice ( ?ree lemons #c qu>ts /ra9$ /rawb]ry juice ,dissolve ! sug> 9 ! fruit juice1 !n /ir 9 ! gelat9 dissolv$ 9 a v little wat]4 ,*ill ?is mixture b n en\gh to =m a jelly4 ,:ip ! cold cream till /iff & !n fold 9 ! gelat9-sug>-fruit mixture4 ,pack into molds or cans & h>d5 9 a salt & ice mixture "o to two4 ,o!r flavors may be sub/itut$4 ,no4 #b4--;,= five gallons #bj p\nds ( ag$ sweet cream1 #ce fat #d p\nds ( sug> #e ounces ( gelat9 #b ounces ( vanilla ,dissolve ! gelat9 & /ir into ! cream4 ,:ip till /iff1 !n fold 9 ! sug> & vanilla & pack 9 cans1 h>d5+ 9 salt & ice mix$ "o to two4 ,report results on opposite page4 ,,ex]cise ,,xviii ,,report ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xix ,,/&>dize ,,mix ,,to ,a ,,giv5 ,,p]c5tage ,,( ,,fat ,! foll[+ mat]ials w be furni%$3 cream1 milk1 sug>1 *ocolate1 fruit1 vanilla & gelat94 ,f !m make up a receipt & freeze a bat* ( ice cream to conta9 a giv5 p] c5t4 ( fat z assign$4 ,te/ ! froz5 ice cream = fat & report ! result to ! in/ructor at "t ( te/+4 ,include y\r receipt & all calculations & te/s on opposite page4 ,m>k pla9ly ea* c ( ice cream ) ! receipt numb]1 y\r "n1 & ! date4 ,no4 #a4 ,vanilla ice cream to te/ #ad fat4 ,no4 #b4 ,vanilla ice cream to te/ #ab fat4 ,no4 #c4 ,vanilla ice cream to te/ #i fat4 ,no4 #d4 ,fruit ice cream to te/ #aa fat4 ,no4 #e4 ,*ocolate ice cream to te/ #ab fat4 ,,ex]cise ,,xix ,,report ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,score ,,c>d ,,= ,,ice ,,cream ,! comp>ison ( ice creams is accompli%$ be/ by r$uc+ _! quality to a num]ical basis4 ,?is is done by use ( a score c>d4 ,two score c>ds are sugge/$ z foll[s3 ,modification ( ! ,cornell ,score ,c>d ,wiscons9 ,score ,c>d ,flavor #de ,flavor #dj ,body & texture #ce ,body & texture #be ,ri*ness #aj ,bact]ial c\nt #ae ,appe>ance #e ,ri*ness #aj ,package #e ,appe>ance #e ------ ,package #e ------ #ajj #ajj ,x may be m advantage\s to use ! ,cornell score c>d 9 ! ,laboratory because imm$iate results c be obta9$1 :ile ) ! modifi$ ,wiscons9 score c>d bact]ial c\nts mu/ be made ( ! ice cream1 s t x w\ld be two to ?ree days be=e ! f9al score ( ! ice cream c\ld be obta9$4 ,,discussion ,,( ,,qualities ,,( ,,ice ,,cream ,flavor4 ,! ice cream %\ld h a pron\nc$ flavor :i* w bl5d ) ! flavor ( ! cream to give a clean1 desirable typical flavor4 ,body & ,texture4 ,! body %\ld be firm & mell[4 ,x %\ld n be t\gh or rubb]y nei!r s(t or mu%y4 ,! texture %\ld be smoo? & velvety & entirely free f gra99ess & lump9ess4 ,ri*ness4 ,if ! ice cream meets ! legal requirem5ts1 x %\ld be giv5 a p]fect score4 ,if x falls bel[ ! legal requirem5t1 x %\ld be scor$ z]o4 ,appe>ance4 ,! ice cream %\ld h an attractive appe>ance & be ( ! *>act]i/ic uni=m color4 ,package4 ,! package %\ld be neat & clean &1 if = long %ipm5t1 "s provision %\ld be made to protect ! ice on top ( ! pack+ tub4 ,bact]ial c\nt4 ,an ice cream :i* has a c\nt ( #bj1jjj %\ld be consid]$ p]fect4 ,= ea* increase ( #bj1jjj above ?is "o po9t %\ld be d$uct$ f ! score4 ,application ( score c>d4 ,:5 judg+ samples ( ice cream1 x is be/ to try "s ( !m to obta9 "s idea ( ! qualities ( ! samples to be scor$4 ,?is is necess>y s t ! score w n run above #ajj & to set a /&>d4 ,!n ) a def9ite /&>d 9 m9d1 ! samples may be c>efully scor$4 ,! cuts 9 score %\ld be made 9 proportion to ! quality ( ! ice cream & ! def9ite /&>d 9 m9d4 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xx ,,judg+ ,,pla9 ,,ice ,,cream ,score & criticize ! samples ( pla9 ice cream record+ ! scores on ! opposite page4 7,= score c>d see page #fd47 ,"o sample w fir/ be scor$ by ! in/ructor z an example & guide to ! sev]5ess ( ! cut = diff]5t defects4 ,aft] ! /ud5ts h f9i%$1 he w score ! rema9+ samples ) !m4 ,?ree ( ! samples are ice cream made 9 ! college laboratory4 ,! o!rs are pur*as$ & repres5t well kn[n comm]cial ice creams4 ,aft] scor+ on all o!r po9ts make a fat te/ ( ea* sample4 7,see page #ad47 ,,ex]cise ,,xx ,,report ,,leg5d3 ,a ,/ud5t's ,score ,b ,correct$ ,score ,c ,body & ,texture ,d ,color & ,appe>ance ,e ,,criticisms ,score c>d us$ ,date ,,score ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,rec't,flavor ,c ,ri*-,bact]ia ,d ,package,total,place ,e ness ,score ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xxi ,,! ,,effect ,,( ,,fat ,,cont5t ,,on ,,ice ,,cream ,"p ,i4 ,freeze ice creams aft] ! foll[+ =mulas z assign$4 ,ea* has a diff]5t p]c5tage ( fat4 ,fill out ! record blank on opposite page & m>k pla9ly ea* c ( ice cream ) ! receipt numb]1 y\r "n & ! date4 ,receipts3 ,no4 #a4 #dj p\nds ( #aj cream #h p\nds ( sug> #d ounces ( vanilla extract #d ounces gelat9 9 #d p\nds wat]4 ,no4 #b4 ,same z ,no4 #a except use #ae cream4 ,no4 #c4 ,same z ,no4 #a except use #bj cream4 ,no4 #d4 ,same z ,no4 #a except use #cj cream4 ,no4 #e4 ,same z ,no4 #a except use #dj cream4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,aft] h>d5+ or next laboratory p]iod score & criticize ! ice cream made 9 ,"p ,i4 ,fill 9 ! score blank on page #ij4 ,,ex]cise ,,xxi ,,report ,,"p ,i ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xxii ,,! ,,effect ,,( ,,diff]5t ,,b9d]s ,,on ,,ice ,,cream ,"p ,i4 ,freeze ! foll[+ mixes z assign$4 ,fill out record blank on opposite page1 & m>k ea* c ( ice cream pla9ly ) receipt numb]1 y\r "n & date4 ,receipts3 ,no4 #a4 #dj p\nds #af cream #h p\nds sug> #d ounces vanilla #b qu>ts ( gum /ock 7,see page #ba7 ,no4 #b4 ,same z ,no4 #a except use #d ounces ( gelat9 9 #c p\nds ( wat] z a b9d]4 ,nos4 #c1 #d1 #e4 ,9 ^! use diff]5t ice cream p[d]s z b9d]s1 foll[+ ! directions giv5 ) ea* p[d] z to quantities to use & me?od ( mix+4 ,use a =mula :i* w give ! same p] c5t4 ( fat & solids n fat z ,no4 #a4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,aft] h>d5+ or at ! next laboratory p]iod score & criticize ! ice creams made 9 ,"p ,i4 ,fill out ! score blank on page #ia4 ,,ex]cise ,,xxii ,,report ,,"p ,i ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xxiii ,,! ,,effect ,,( ,,v>y+ ,,p]c5tages ,,( ,,milk ,,solids ,,n ,,fat ,,on ,,ice ,,cream ,"p ,i4 ,freeze ! foll[+ mixes z assign$4 ,fill out record blank on opposite page4 ,m>k ea* c ( ice cream y freeze ) receipt numb]1 y\r "n & date4 ,calculate & record ! approximate p] c5t ( fat & ( milk solids n fat 9 ea* mix4 ,receipts ,no4 #a ,no4 #b ,no4 #c ,no4 #d ,cream #dj lbs4 #ce lbs4 #cj lbs4 #be lbs4 #ae #ae #af #ah ,:ole ,cond5s$ ,milk #e lbs4 #aj lbs4 #ae lbs4 ,sug> #h lbs4 #h lbs4 #h lbs4 #h lbs4 ,vanilla #d oz4 #d oz4 #d oz4 #d oz4 ,gelat9 #d oz4 #d oz4 #d oz4 #d oz4 ,wat] #d lbs4 #d lbs4 #d lbs4 #d lbs4 ,p] c5t ,fat ,p] c5t ,milk ,s4 ,n4 ,f4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,aft] h>d5+ or at next laboratory p]iod score ! ice creams z made above4 ,fill out ! score blank on page #ib4 ,,ex]cise ,,xxiii ,,report ,,"p ,i ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xxiv ,,freeze ,,ice ,,cream ,,f ,,raw1 ,,pa/euriz$1 ,,emulsifi$ ,,& ,,homog5iz$ ,,cream ,note effect on swell & quality ( ice cream4 ,9 ord] to h ! ice cream 9 condition to make easy comp>ison1 x %\ld all be made aft] ! same receipt4 #dj p\nds #bj cream #h p\nds sug> #d ounces vanilla extract #d ounces gelat9 9 #d p\nds wat] ,) suffici5t fre% cream to make f\r bat*es ( ice cream1 divide ! cream into f\r equal p>ts4 ,i4 ,freeze "o "p directly4 ,,ii4 ,pa/eurize "o "p & freeze4 ,,iii4 ,emulsify "o "p & freeze4 ,,iv4 ,homog5ize "o "p & freeze4 ,if desir$ all may be ag$ be=e freez+4 ,fill out record blank on opposite page4 ,,ex]cise ,,xxiv ,,report ,bat* ,numb] #a #b #c #d ---------------------------------------- ----- ,p\nds ( ,mix ---------------------------------------- ----- ,gallons ( ,mix ---------------------------------------- ----- ,temp]ature ( ,mix ---------------------------------------- ----- ,"t ( ,/>t+ ,freez] ---------------------------------------- ----- ,"t ( ,/opp+ ,freez] ---------------------------------------- ----- ,temp]ature ( ,ice ,cream ---------------------------------------- ----- ,gallons ( ,ice ,cream ---------------------------------------- ----- ,gallons ( ,swell ---------------------------------------- ----- ,p] ,c5t ( ,swell ---------------------------------------- ----- ,comm5ts3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xxv ,,! ,,effect ,,( ,,ag+ ,,cream ,,on ,,! ,,viscosity ,,& ,,swell ,tw5ty p] c5t4 cream ( ne>ly uni=m quality w be furni%$ y1 ( ! foll[+ ages f ! sep>ator3 ?ree to f\r h\rs1 "o day1 two days1 ?ree days1 & five days4 ,freeze a bat* ( ea* z assign$1 us+ ! foll[+ =mula1 & pay special att5tion to ! swell obta9$4 ,also te/ ea* cream = viscosity by dropp+ f a pipette on an incl9$ glass1 tak+ c>e to h ! glass & pipette ( ev5 temp]ature = ea* trial4 ,fill out blank report on opposite page4 ,receipt3 #dj p\nds #bj cream #h p\nds sug> #d ounces vanilla extract #d ounces gelat9 9 #d p\nds wat]4 ,,ex]cise ,,xxv ,,report ,date ,receipt ,numb] ,,cream3 ,,ice ,,cream3 ,age ,gallons ,acidity ,weight p] gallon ,temp]ature ,,swell3 ,,/&>dization3 ,gallons ,p] c5t4 ,p] c5t fat 9 cream ,p] c5t fat 9 milk ,,freez+3 ,/&>dize p\nds ( ,freez] us$ cream te/+ p] ,p\nds ice us$ c5t fat4 ,p\nds salt us$ ,illu/ration ,,"t3 ,( />t+ freez] ,t mix rea*es #cj ,f ,requir$ to rea* #cj ,f ,t freez+ is complet$ ,total "t requir$ to freeze ,give proportion4 x ! p\nds ,p\nds ( cream us$ ,,temp]ature3 ,p\nds ( milk us$ ,( mix ent]+ freez] ,( br9e :5 mix rea*es #cj ,f ,,mix3 ,( ice cream :5 remov$ ,p\nds ,gallons ,( br9e at ?is "t ,weight p] gallon ,p] c5t fat x %\ld te/ ,0 gelat9 us$8 ,by me?od #a1 #b or #c8 ,9 milk or wat]8 ,rem>ks3 ,comm5ts on ice cream aft] x is h>d5$3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xxvi ,,! ,,effect ,,( ,,! ,,temp]ature ,,( ,,! ,,mix ,,z ,,x ,,ent]s ,,! ,,freez] ,,on ,,! ,,swell ,make en\gh mix = f\r #aj gallon bat*es ( ice cream1 us+ ! foll[+ =mula3 #dj p\nds ( #bj cream #h p\nds ( sug> #d ounces ( vanilla extract #d ounces ( gelat9 9 #d p\nds wat]4 ,freeze ! fir/ bat* z a prelim9>y "o4 ,h ! second at a temp]ature ( #dj degrees ,f41 :5 x ent]s ! freez]1 ! ?ird at #ej degrees ,f41 & ! f\r? at #fj degrees ,f4 ,w>m to ^! temp]atures be=e plac+ mix 9 freez]4 ,note swell obta9$4 ,expla94 ,fill out record blank on opposite page4 ,,ex]cise ,,xxvi ,,report ,bat* ,numb] #a #b #c #d ---------------------------------------- ----- ,p\nds ( ,mix ---------------------------------------- ----- ,gallons ( ,mix ---------------------------------------- ----- ,temp]ature ( ,mix ---------------------------------------- ----- ,"t ( ,/>t+ ,freez] ---------------------------------------- ----- ,"t ( ,/opp+ ,freez] ---------------------------------------- ----- ,temp]ature ( ,ice ,cream ---------------------------------------- ----- ,gallons ( ,ice ,cream ---------------------------------------- ----- ,gallons ( ,swell ---------------------------------------- ----- ,p] ,c5t ( ,swell ---------------------------------------- ----- ,comm5ts3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xxvii ,,effect ,,( ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,freez+ ,,on ,,! ,,swell ,,& ,,quality ,,( ,,ice ,,cream ,make en\gh mix = f\r #aj gallon bat*es ( ice cream1 us+ ! foll[+ =mula3 #dj p\nds ( #bj cream #h p\nds ( sug> #d ounces ( vanilla extract #d ounces ( gelat9 9 #d p\nds wat] ,freeze ! fir/ bat* z a prelim9>y "o4 ,regulate ei!r ! temp]ature or quantity ( br9e s t ! second bat* w freeze 9 f\r m9utes1 ! ?ird 9 fifte5 m9utes1 & ! f\r? 9 ?irty m9utes4 ,note p>ticul>ly ! effect on ! swell & quality4 ,fill out ! record blank on opposite page4 ,,ex]cise ,,xxvii ,,report ,bat* ,numb] #a #b #c #d ---------------------------------------- ----- ,p\nds ( ,mix ---------------------------------------- ----- ,gallons ( ,mix ---------------------------------------- ----- ,temp]ature ( ,mix ---------------------------------------- ----- ,"t ( ,/>t+ ,freez] ---------------------------------------- ----- ,"t ( ,/opp+ ,freez] ---------------------------------------- ----- ,temp]ature ( ,ice ,cream ---------------------------------------- ----- ,gallons ( ,ice ,cream ---------------------------------------- ----- ,gallons ( ,swell ---------------------------------------- ----- ,p] ,c5t ( ,swell ---------------------------------------- ----- ,comm5ts3 ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xxviii ,,bact]ial ,,c\nts ,,( ,,ice ,,cream ,?is ex]cise is to be p]=m$ once dur+ ! c\rse by ea* /ud5t z assign$4 ,/]ile glassw>e & m$ia w be furni%$ y4 ,weigh or measure ! samples = dilution z in/ruct$4 ,take samples z indicat$ bel[ 9 /]ile bottles & plate on pla9 lactose ag>4 ,incubate at #cg degrees ,c41 = #dh h\rs4 ,sample ( cream4 ,dilutions _/1 & _/14 ,sample ( gelat94 ,dilutions _/ & _/4 ,sample ( vanilla4 ,dilutions _/4 ,sample ( sug>4 ,dilutions _/4 ,sample ( mix4 ,dilutions _/1 & _/14 ,sample ( ice cream f freez]4 ,dilutions _/1 & _/14 ,sample ( ice cream aft] x has rema9$ 9 ! h>d5+ room "o week4 ,make dilutions ( _/1 & _/14 ,report results on ! blank page opposite4 ,,ex]cise ,,xxviii ,,report ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xxix ,,te/+ ,,samples ,,( ,,gelat9 ,weigh #e gram samples ( gelat9 into #ajj cc4 ( cold wat] 9 beak]s or jelly glasses4 ,all[ x to soak ov] night4 ,!n heat sl[ly1 ) /irr+1 to #hj degrees ,c4 ,subject to ! foll[+ te/s & make report on opposite blank page4 #a4 ,note ! odor4 #b4 ,det]m9e ! "t requir$ = #ej cc4 to run f a pipette4 #c4 ,det]m9e ! "t requir$ = ! sample to gelat9ize4 #d4 ,turn ! jelly out on to a plate & det]m9e ! relative resi/ance ( ! diff]5t samples to pressure by ! f+]4 ,two or m /ud5ts %\ld be assign$ to ?is ex]cise at a "t1 ea* hav+ a diff]5t sample ( gelat94 ,!y %\ld p]=m ! te/s toge!r4 ,,ex]cise ,,xxix ,,report ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xxx ,,trip ,,to ,,comm]cial ,,plants ,visit at lea/ "o l>ge comm]cial plant "s "t dur+ ! t]m & report on ! foll[+ po9ts4 ,po9ts to be obs]v$ 9 an ice cream plant4 #a4 ,me?od ( secur+ ! raw product4 #b4 ,is cream pa/euriz$8 #c4 ,if possible1 am\nts & mat]ials us$ 9 mix4 #d4 ,is cond5s$ milk us$8 #e4 ,:at /abiliz] is us$8 #f4 ,"t ( ag+ cream or mix4 #g4 ,k9ds ( freez] & ice ma*9e4 #h4 ,temp]ature ( br9e to freeze4 #i4 ,composition ( ice cream4 #aj4 ,sket* ( arrangem5t ( plant4 #aa4 ,p[] us$ = deliv]+4 #ab4 ,me?od ( *eck+ up driv]s4 #ac4 ,any o!r po9ts ( int]e/4 ,,ex]cise ,,xxx ,,report ,,ex]cise ,,numb] ,,xxxi ,,/ud5ts' ,,receipts ,ea* /ud5t %\ld h& 9 "o receipt = ice cream4 ,?is receipt %\ld be "o :i* has be5 previ\sly tri$1 pref]ably at home4 ,dur+ ! t]m ^! receipts w be made4 ,note ! quality ( ! ice cream4 ,is ! ice cream a good comm]cial ice cream8 ,c\ld x be made on a comm]cial basis pr(itably8 ,,ex]cise ,,xxxi ,,report ,,ex]cise ,,xxi ,,report ,,"p ,,ii ,,leg5d3 ,a ,/ud5t's ,score ,b ,correct$ ,score ,c ,body & ,texture ,d ,color & ,appe>ance ,e ,,criticisms ,score c>d us$ ,date ,,score ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,rec't,flavor ,c ,ri*-,bact]ia ,d ,package,total,place ,e ness ,score ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,,ex]cise ,,xxii ,,report ,,"p ,,ii ,,leg5d3 ,a ,/ud5t's ,score ,b ,correct$ ,score ,c ,body & ,texture ,d ,color & ,appe>ance ,e ,,criticisms ,score c>d us$ ,date ,,score ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,rec't,flavor ,c ,ri*-,bact]ia ,d ,package,total,place ,e ness ,score ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,,ex]cise ,,xxiii ,,report ,,"p ,,ii ,,leg5d3 ,a ,/ud5t's ,score ,b ,correct$ ,score ,c ,body & ,texture ,d ,color & ,appe>ance ,e ,,criticisms ,score c>d us$ ,date ,,score ---------------------------------------- ---------- ,rec't,flavor ,c ,ri*-,bact]ia ,d ,package,total,place ,e ness ,score ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------ ,a --- ---------------------------------------- ------ ,b ---------------------------------------- ------------------