,transcriber's ,note3 ,writings are ordered by category1 then publication year 7goal is earliest available at least with legible text71 then alphabetically 7ignoring 8,a01 8,an01 and 8,the074 ,investigation of spelling involved ,google's ,ngram ,viewer 7_/_/books4google4com_/ngrams_/74 ,appendix #a was created for this book and is ordered alphabetically by title4 ,appendix #b also was created for this book4 ,additional new material1 and the compilation1 are granted to the public domain4 ,this plain text version of the book uses underscores 77 to denote the start and end of italicized text and equal signs 77 to denote the start and end of bold text4 ,,collected ,,writings ,,of ,,clarence ,,edwin ,,flynn ,first ,edition1 #aibi and ,earlier ,,preface ,,list ,,of ,,writings ,,by ,,category ,,writings ,,appendix #a3 ,,bylines1 ,,bibliography1 ,,notes ,,appendix #b3 ,,selected ,,quotes ,,and ,,zingers 8,it is the glad service which lifts the world a little farther in its long1 hard climb40 ,the ,obligation of ,good ,cheer ,,preface ,what follows is a brief introduction to ,mr4 ,flynn1 his authorship of these writings1 and how this book came about4 ,from my research on his life1 which ,i made available at _/_/prabook4com_/web_/clarence4flynn_/#a jhdhjb1 ,clarence ,edwin ,flynn 7#ahhf-aigj7 was an ,american ,methodist ,episcopal clergyman1 writer1 hymnist and lecturer4 ,he's described as a 8writer of stories1 articles and verse appearing in periodicals and anthologies0 and is 8represented in anthologies of verse4 ,general character writing1 religious1 educational40 #a #b #c ,his writings 7sans poems7 appeared in more than #ej different domestic and international publications4 ,were all of these writings authored by ,clarence ,edwin ,flynn8 ,i cannot say that is true with certainty1 but ,i'll offer the following support4 ,firstly1 there's moderate support in the fact that the middle initial 8,e0 is used in all but two bylines2 two bylines have no middle name or initial4 ,secondly1 almost a third of the bylines offer strong support through the attributes mainly of title 7e4g4 ,reverend7 and locations that correspond with his biography4 ,thirdly1 moderate to strong support can be found in the writings' content1 which is the basis for including more than half of the writings4 ,religious topics certainly offer strong support4 ,as for the wide variety of other topics covered1 the reader will find multiple cases where ,reverend ,flynn encourages preachers to broaden their knowledge and experiences in order to better serve their congregations4 ,and if you find the content strong in the art of persuasion1 ,flynn was a member of the college oratory team4 ,in conclusion1 this brief analysis is limited by the absence of ,clarence ,edwin ,flynn's personal papers 7their status is unknown to me74 ,how did this book come about8 ,in short1 the writings were collected during the primary process of collecting poetry4 ,the longer explanation is in the preface to the book cited in the third footnote4 ,as with the book of poetry1 this is the inaugural collection of writings and is limited to those published in #aibi or earlier in accordance with a copyright rule governing works first published before #ie years ago4 #a ,who's ,who in ,america3 ,a ,biographical ,dictionary of ,notable ,living ,men and ,women4 ,vol4 #bd1 #aidf-aidg1 ,two ,years4 ,chicago3 ,the ,a4 ,n4 ,marquis ,co41 #aidf4 p4 #ghj #b ,lawrence1 ,alberta1 ed4 ,who's ,who ,among ,north ,american ,authors4 ,vol4 #e1 #aica-aicb4 ,los ,angeles3 ,golden ,syndicate ,publishing ,co41 #aica4 p4 #ajhi #c ,this collection of writings does not include poetry4 ,i created a separate book of his poetry3 ,flynn1 ,clarence ,edwin4 ,collected ,poems of ,clarence ,edwin ,flynn4 ,first edition1 #aibi and earlier4 ,jun #ag1 #bjbe4 https3_/_/www4gutenberg4org_/ebooks_/#gf ccb ,,list ,,of ,,writings ,,by ,,category ,categories are not mutually exclusive4 ,,lifting ,,the ,,arts 8,it was an innocent-faced maid0 7#aijf73 ,humorous anecdote 8,a man entered a downtown street car0 7#aijf73 ,humorous anecdote ,the ,modern ,grandmother 7#aiae73 ,humorous anecdote ,the ,opportunity and ,peril of the ,writer 7#aiah73 8,he dare not fail to be a mouthpiece of truth40 ,the ,message of the ,washington ,monument 7#aiai73 8444it outlines the essential qualities of our people40 ,the ,post-,war ,outlook for ,literature 7#aiai73 8,the fundamental principles of life have not changed1 but our attitude toward life and our application of those principles have changed mightily40 ,free ,verse 7#aiba73 8,it is one of the best outlets poetry can ever offer for the expression of the moods and thoughts of the human soul40 ,music and ,history 7#aiba73 8,the issues of life have always proceeded from the heart1 and the heart of any age expresses itself in its musical productions40 ,correspondence 7#aibi73 8,as good correspondence is an art1 so a good correspondent is an artist40 ,,lifting ,,christianity ,the ,sabbath ,desecration 7#aiaj73 8,we may well ask whence this great difference between our age and that of the preceding generation40 ,the ,light 7#aiae73 8,in the life of man1 light takes the form of the knowledge of the truth which makes him free40 ,the ,yoke 7#aiae73 8444the command of ,jesus to accept and wear ,his yoke is often much more dreadful than there is reason that it should be40 ,the ,crowded ,inn 7#aiaf73 8,the story has been the most tragic because it has represented the most widespread condition40 ,the ,price of ,liberty 7#aiaf73 8,the tragedy of ,calvary opened up the way to liberty44440 ,paul's ,ideal ,sufficient 7#aiah73 8,each social institution has one task to perform1 and it will be found to be unable to perform more than that one task well40 ,the ,religion of the ,new ,age 7#aiai73 8,the facts of religion can not change1 but humanity can achieve progress in rightly interpreting them and in rightly adapting itself to them40 ,christianity and ,americanism 7#aibj73 8,the perpetuity of the state depends most largely upon the very things for which the ,christian religion stands40 ,the ,christian ,program 7#aibj73 8,realization of the ,kingdom therefore depends upon the passing from one to another of its master secret40 ,essay contributed to a symposium on 8,the ,church and ,young ,people0 7#aibj73 8,unless the church's status in relation to youth is improved1 the kingdom will become a victim of race suicide40 ,the ,message of an ,empty ,tomb 7#aibj73 8,jesus's life had been a message of life triumphant40 ,the ,laboratory ,test 7#aiba73 8444the only way to appraise the ,christian faith's real merits'''0 ,the ,nearness of ,destiny 7#aiba73 8,what you are to be you are now becoming4'0 ,children and the ,church 7#aibb73 8444we should assume that every child is444to be reared in its ways and teachings444until he wilfully forsakes it40 ,the ,church's ,fourfold ,program 7#aibb73 ,evangelism1 education1 social welfare1 and finance ,newer ,conceptions of ,religion 7#aibb73 8,we cannot alter the divine plan of life and redemption1 but we can make progress in our understanding and use of it40 ,the ,international ,religion 7#aibc73 8,as to whether ,god proposes to save the many or the few1 it would seem to favor the first answer40 ,the ,great ,teacher 7#aibe73 ,vital things1 simple and plain1 and position clear ,what ,can ,we ,believe8 7#aibh73 8,one is made or unmade by his beliefs40 ,the ,christ of the ,sea 7#aibi73 8,he began at once promoting the kind of thing the practical world calls impossible because it is right40 ,the ,comrade ,perfect3 ,an ,appreciation 7#aibi73 8444life is not all that it ought to be without the presence of the ,personality which completes us40 ,four ,addresses to ,young ,people 7#aibi73 ,christian service1 communion with ,god1 spiritual and practical leaders1 and the church's purposes ,what ,is ,happening to ,religion8 7#aibi73 8,eminent scientists announcing their faith in and support of religion are a growing company40 ,,lifting ,,christian ,,ministers ,has the ,day of ,great ,preachers ,passed 7#aiba73 8,the one standard by which he is measured is the question of his ability as an exponent of the ,christian religion40 ,the ,heart ,interest in ,preaching 7#aibb73 8,he has sensed the human side1 and seen what it is that makes the need for preaching40 ,the ,great ,compulsion 7#aibh73 8,that was the last peaceful day he ever saw1 for our peace is the price we pay for greatness40 ,the ,minister and ,his ,reading 7#aibh73 8444the field with which the minister needs to be familiar is unlimited because it touches all the others40 ,preaching to ,college ,students 7#aibh73 8,the minister is dealing with adventurous minds whose one concern is truth40 ,some ,problems of the ,preacher 7#aibh73 8,they have cost many a man his usefulness1 and limited that of many others40 ,the ,ambassador 7#aibi73 8,it is a wonderful thing to be a minister1 because a minister is an ambassador of the ,kingdom of ,god40 ,let the ,minister ,know ,life 7#aibi73 8,he needs to see1 and hear1 and know enough to understand the mind and heart of the world40 ,the ,yielding of ,aaron 7#aibi73 8444the adaptation of the principles and standards of religion to public tastes1 ideals1 and desires40 ,,lifting ,,community ,the ,necessary ,asset--,friends 7#aiag73 8,the most valuable friend is the friend who is one for friendship's sake alone40 ,building a ,world ,brotherhood 7#aiah73 8,in ,jesus's estimation of things1 a man was a man4 ,he could be no more and there was no disposition to ever rate him as less40 ,the ,laughing ,man 7#aiai73 8,my lords10 he said1 8,i bring you news--news of the existence of mankind40 ,the ,safe ,foundations for a ,league of ,nations 7#aiai73 8,if the hearts of men are not right toward one another1 the vision of peace will be as idle a dream as it was in the past years40 ,is ,it ,nothing to ,you 7#aibi73 8,by all these things we and ours are profoundly affected4 ,why should we not care80 ,what ,makes a ,city8 7#aibi73 8,the greatest factor in what makes a city is the care it takes of and the safeguards with which it surrounds its people40 ,,lifting ,,economics ,capitalizing ,war for the ,tobacco ,trade 7#aiai73 8,this is always done in the name of patriotism1 even though the effect may be altogether antipatriotic40 ,creating a ,demand 7#aiai73 8444helping to build that larger and better commercial world in which all business will be at its best because all people are at their best40 ,should ,prices ,be ,standardized8 7#aiai73 8,in other words1 it would lift the markets above the gambling level40 ,the ,home ,budget 7#aibj73 8,it enables the poor to keep from growing poorer1 and often enables them to reach comfortable circumstances40 ,efficient ,spending 7#aiba73 8,between the hoarding of money444and the reckless habits of the spendthrift444lies this golden mean40 ,,lifting ,,education ,the ,three ,agencies in ,child ,training 7#aiji73 8444the aim of each should be the perfection of personality40 ,the ,association of ,mind and ,muscle 7#aiah73 8,as knowledge becomes a matter of action1 it becomes a matter of purpose1 ideal1 and character40 ,the ,sound-,reproducing ,machine as a ,music ,teacher 7#aiai73 8,the taste of the listener is on its way to better things40 ,the ,school ,teacher and the ,republic 7#aibj73 8,the nation cannot recognize its obligation to the teacher too soon or too completely40 ,some ,overlooked ,compensations in ,teaching 7#aibj73 8,the teaching profession places in the hands of those who choose it privileges which many of the rich would gladly give their gold to obtain40 ,dollars ,versus ,sense 7#aiba73 8444preoccupation with material things4 ,minds become cloyed2 hearts grow dull2 and souls grow no wings with which to lift themselves above the mire and the clay40 ,education and ,production 7#aiba73 8,the accepted canon in educational circles is that a man is not trained at all unless trained to be good for something1 and that he must prove his culture by bringing forth fruits meet for it40 ,the ,school as a ,reform ,agency 7#aiba73 8,whatever the future contains1 the school teacher holds the key to it40 ,,lifting ,,humanity ,the ,same ,face 7#aiae73 8,along our years motherhood has planted three pictures that are so good for us to see that love and memory should always keep them bright40 ,the ,will 7#aiae73 8,the will of man is not only his danger1 but it is also his hope40 ,the ,sword that ,keeps the ,past 7#aiaf73 8,there is only one way to change the past1 and that is to change it before it becomes the past40 ,the ,fountain of ,youth 7#aiag73 8,such as it is1 it exists everywhere40 ,some ,principles of ,efficiency 7#aiag73 8,one has but one chance at this life1 and he has a right to make that one effort the best possible40 ,the ,story of the ,red ,cross 7#aiag73 8,one of the strongest forces now making for a day of lasting peace is the beautiful suggestion that comes from the spirit of those who make it their aim to help while others destroy40 ,words 7#aiag73 8,the power of uplifting speech and the right to enjoy helpful conversation are high privileges40 ,the ,line of ,necessity 7#aiah73 8,it is the unnecessary that changes bare existence into throbbing and purposeful life40 ,some ,new ,facts ,about ,alcohol 7#aiah73 8,whether in the workshop or in the military camp1 liquor and efficiency are sworn and uncompromising foes40 ,facing the ,future 7#aiai73 8,the race is still achieving some progress1 however1 and most of us still believe that the most promising days of civilization are yet to be40 ,life's ,backgrounds 7#aiai73 ,character1 preparation1 and relationships ,the ,new ,philosophy 7#aibj73 8444philosophers feel a growing realization that advancement is the proper aim of human endeavor1 and that the vital problem of ,philosophy is human welfare and progress40 ,the ,sense of the ,human 7#aibj73 8,humanity is the center of all creation1 and the proper object of all our striving40 ,the ,holy ,spirit and ,social ,viewpoint 7#aibb73 8,the salvation of the group can only be accomplished by the salvation of the individuals who compose it40 ,civilization 7#aibi73 8denying themselves and their families the joy0 ,the ,road ,uphill 7#aibi73 8successively better generations0 ,,lifting ,,virtue ,some ,stories ,about ,beethoven 7#aiae73 8,he placed the claims of life1 right1 and truth in a place of supremacy over all other claims40 ,the ,obligation of ,good ,cheer 7#aiaf73 8,whoever has a cheerful disposition has that much of a start toward positive and complete goodness40 ,worship and ,service 7#aiaf73 8,he who would die in the spirit of the cross must live there40 ,do ,it ,right 7#aiag73 8444the maxim which pointed the way to their mutual success40 ,life's ,handicaps 7#aiah73 8,along whatever way one's path may happen to lie1 444his life would be utterly unnatural if it were devoid of difficulties40 ,the ,riverside 7#aiah73 8,it is not what we would like to do in this life1 but what we really get done that counts40 ,determinants 7#aiba73 8,the nature of a man can be altered or reversed40 ,love's ,burdens 7#aiba73 8,in some unfeeling1 intellectually ideal republic1 such a pitiful piece of human wreckage might have been cast upon the junk heap40 ,the ,successors of ,tantalus 7#aiba73 8,yet these unrealized hopes are among the most valuable experiences we have40 ,the ,christian ,standard of ,greatness 7#aibb73 8,if any man would be first1 he shall be last of all and the servant of all4'0 ,the ,objective of ,service 7#aibb73 8,humanity is1 therefore1 the most important object to which our interest and service can be dedicated4 ,it represents both the divine problem and the human task40 ,our ,blessings of ,deliverance 7#aibb73 8,no less important than the things which we have been given are the things from which we have been saved40 ,the ,redemption of ,jean ,valjean 7#aibb73 8,victor ,hugo furnishes us a master picture of the upward struggle of a soul despite the influences acting within and without to keep it down40 ,eulogy for ,joseph ,e4 ,henley excerpt 7#aibd73 8we have none too much of simple human kindness0 ,the ,corner ,stones of ,life 7#aibe73 8,any product that has in it only the very best of materials suggests just one thing--character40 ,eulogy for ,sanford ,f4 ,teter excerpt 7#aibh73 8,he passed through the fire1 but he did not let it burn away his courage4440 ,,miscellaneous ,is ,prohibition ,paternalistic8 7#aiai73 8,freedom needs to recognize its own proper limits1 and it will do so in any properly organized social system40 ,vibration as a ,basis of ,invention 7#aiai73 8,nature probably holds some provision for our every want4 ,we need only to establish the means by which she can deliver her gifts to us40 ,,writings 8,it was an innocent-faced maid0 7#aijf7 ,it was an innocent-faced maid who stood at the postoffice window ,saturday and asked in the tone of one seeking a bargain1 8,have ye any postage stamps80 8,certainly10 replied the obliging clerk4 8,how many80 8,let me see them1 please10 was the answer1 and the stamps were produced for inspection4 8,i don't quite like the color of these10 she said4 8,don't you have any two-cent stamps of a lighter shade80 8,only one kind of two-cent stamps are made1 ,miss40 8,then ,i think ,i shall take one-cent ones4 ,i like green better than such a bloody red4 ,i am a ,quaker1 and it is too suggestive of war4 ,can you sell me six for five cents80 8,no1 indeed1 ,miss1 the price of stamps is fixed regularly40 8,then ,i shall try elsewhere4 ,please don't be offended4 ,i will come back here if ,i can't get them cheaper anywhere else40 ,and still with the bargain-hunting air1 the innocent-faced maid took her departure4 8,a man entered a downtown street car0 7#aijf7 ,a man entered a downtown street car one day last week4 ,the car was full1 and he was obliged to hang onto the strap and ride in the midst of a crowd of good-looking girls1 most of whom were either 8would-bes0 or 8has-beens40 ,the conversation soon started in his direction1 and in secret tone1 just loud enough for him to hear1 they discussed the new arrival4 8,hasn't he the most lovely hair80 one of them exclaimed in a whisper that was halfway between awestruck and tender4 8,it couldn't be ,nicholas ,longworth1 surely4 ,no1 ,i know it isn't1 for ,longworth is baldheaded4 ,he must be some great actor--or--politician10 said another4 8,oh1 he is just my ideal10 put in a third4 8,for twen--no1 ,i mean three long years ,i have sought just such a one1 for such a one alone could ,i love and trust40 ,young and innocent ,jennie was evidently studying for the stage1 and she continued3 8,he must be some great musician4 ,what if he were ,pa--0 ,but just here the car stopped1 and as the patient-looking passenger prepared to get off1 a frowzly head popped out the door of a tumbledown dwelling close by the track4 ,the head was quickly followed by a red ,mother ,hubbard1 and a shrill voice called in far from pleasant tones3 8,git off o' that car1 and come on here an' git a few o' these kids still4 ,you've loafed roun' in them good clothes an' flirted with girls on street cars enough for one day40 ,and as the sad-faced passenger wearily left the car1 a sigh escaped all the girls at once4 ,alas6 the course of true love never did run smooth4 ,the ,modern ,grandmother 7#aiae7 ,the ,boy3 ,i stopped in to tell you that my grandmother-- ,the ,boss3 ,well1 ,i suppose your grandmother has passed away and is to be buried this afternoon about time for the game4 ,the ,boy3 ,oh1 no1 sir6 ,my grandmother is coming by to take me to the game1 and ,i want to know if ,i can get off to go with her4 ,the ,opportunity and ,peril of the ,writer 7#aiah7 ,we have grown accustomed to consider history as being made by the decrees of kings or by the power of invading and defending armies4 ,these things are1 however1 only the instruments of the one really compelling social force4 ,that force is the power of public opinion4 ,history is made by those who direct and control it4 ,this is the reason for the power of the pulpit1 the platform1 and the press4 ,of these three1 the power of the press touches the largest number of people4 ,the writer sends out an influence which reaches to the ends of the earth4 ,this fact points the way to a conception of both his opportunity and his peril4 ,his opportunity is the direction of a power which not even kings can long dare to defy4 ,his peril is that he may fail to direct it into the right channels4 ,he may guide it in such a way that it can carry the race steadily toward a day of complete justice for all4 ,on the other hand1 he may listen to some lesser voice than that of truth1 or seek some lower aim than that of right1 and thus lead the thinking of the world astray4 ,the opportunity is glorious and the peril is serious1 because men will become what they think1 and the world will conform to what they become4 ,thought life is fundamental4 ,in the midst of an age of war1 the world is struggling for peace4 ,the law of the jungle ceased to be the recognized principle of history1 and war lost its standing as a means of obtaining justice because of the efforts of a man to guide public opinion by means of a book4 ,no one could have conquered militarism with a sword in the old days1 and it is doubtful whether it can be done now1 but the strong silent force of enlightened opinion can do it4 ,the history of modern international law as a basis for the preservation of peace among nations really began with the publication in #afbe of a book entitled ,de ,jure ,belli et ,pacis4 ,it was written by a ,dutch publicist by the name of ,hugo ,grotius4 ,this book came from the press in the midst of the ,thirty ,years' ,war1 and it began a process of leavening the popular mind with the idea that justice can be obtained by peaceable means4 ,the end of that process will yet be the complete triumph of international law over international strife4 ,it was the pen of a writer which was used as the original instrument for the blazing of the path to an age of concord and fraternity4 ,the great literary need of the present day is for a man who can snatch the torch from the dead hand of ,grotius and bear it a little farther4 ,he will not receive high praise from the militaristic camp1 but his efforts will be appreciated by those who really love their country enough to desire its preservation from the blasting blight of war4 ,some gifted pen will yet inoculate the popular mind with an ideal of peace and brotherhood which will make war forever impossible4 ,no one will ever be able to measure correctly the influence which the pamphlets of ,thomas ,payne had in the crystallization of the sentiment which held the early ,american patriots to their cause4 ,the historians have not neglected1 however1 to give them large credit in their final reckonings4 ,they provided a sort of mental artillery1 making possible the work of the advancing sword of a ,washington4 ,the break between the sections was healed with mortar which was mixed not only with the blood of the soldier1 but also with the pen of the writer4 ,the one thing lacking for years was the decision of the popular will to settle once for all the difficulty between the states4 ,one day in ,june of #ahea there appeared in ,gamaliel ,bailey's paper1 ,the ,national ,era1 the first installment of a story entitled ,uncle ,tom's ,cabin1 or ,life ,among the ,lowly4 ,it was written in the spare time of the busy wife of a theological professor1 and she herself did not take it very seriously at the time of its publication4 ,the result was1 however1 that in less than a decade public opinion had crystallized1 and the sections were ready for the test4 ,the rest of the story needs no telling1 but the memory of ,harriet ,beecher ,stowe deserves to have it said that the history of ,america in that time of crisis was largely moulded by the hand that held the pen4 ,several years ago a ,federal investigation disclosed a highly unsanitary condition in the large packing plants of the country4 ,the lack of sufficient pressure in the form of public opinion left ,congress very slow to take definite action concerning it4 ,then ,upton ,sinclair's story1 ,the ,jungle1 came from the press4 ,as soon as the public had read the book a great popular clamor went up1 demanding that something be done4 ,the result was a system of pure food rulings which has been very satisfactory and far-reaching in its results4 ,a great industry was cleaned up1 and the health and lives of thousands of people have been saved by the work of a wielder of the pen4 ,the sword can only destroy1 but the pen can do a better thing4 ,it can save4 ,germany has long recognized the power of the writer in the moulding of history4 ,she has made a large use of it in her attempts to build the history of the future to suit herself4 ,this is evidenced not only by the fact that she has flooded the world with mischievous and deceptive propaganda during the present war1 but also by the fact that such was her policy long before the beginning of the war4 ,nearly a decade ago a ,german professor published a book which emphasized the horrors of war4 ,it was profusely illustrated with pictures of the bloody scenes of the battlefield and of the inevitable hardships of the military life4 ,it was an evidence of an undercurrent which runs even in ,german thought1 but which only the bolder few ever allow to go to the extent of public expression4 ,the result of the publication of the book was the prompt suppression of it by the ,german government4 ,shortly afterward another book dealing with the subject of war was published in ,germany4 ,it was written by the ,crown ,prince who is now fighting so anxiously for his own future4 ,it likewise was highly illustrated1 but its pictures emphasized the glories of war4 ,they were of dress parades and the more pleasant aspects of the life of a soldier4 ,the publication of this book received every encouragement the government could give it4 ,it was1 of course1 an official expression of the militaristic policy of the government itself4 ,there is a sense in which literature mirrors life1 but there is also another sense in which life mirrors literature4 ,social conditions and new historical epochs are always the outgrowth of the popular thought and spirit4 ,one of the firmest hands upon the floodgates which control these things is that of the writer4 ,he can produce an age of unrest or an age of calm contentment4 ,he can make a period of faith or one of unbelief4 ,he can mould an era of mortality or one of unrestraint4 ,it does not matter what is the form of his work4 ,it does not even matter whether it is serious and pretentious4 ,it affects the thought and1 therefore1 the life of the world4 ,a printed jest once determined the result of a national election4 ,a derisive term applied by the editor of an enemy paper once elected a man president4 ,the recorded and unrecorded history of every age is full of just such instances4 ,the writer accepts a momentous responsibility4 ,it is desirable to receive editorial checks1 but his work means vastly more than that4 ,the people will read what he writes2 many of them will believe it2 at least some of them will act upon it4 ,it will travel to unsuspected places1 and it will affect the lives of those whom he will never see either for weal or woe4 ,his pen is an instrument of fate4 ,it is highly essential that he use it with a careful hand and with an honest purpose4 ,he dare not fail to be a mouthpiece of truth4 ,the ,message of the ,washington ,monument 7#aiai7 ,a few minutes from the ,south ,portico of the ,white ,house1 overlooking the majestic sweep of the ,potomac1 stands the tallest piece of marble masonry in the world4 ,it commemorates the life and deeds of the ,father of ,his ,country4 ,at its foot is a good place to stand and think for a while1 as ,i did one spring afternoon4 ,the architect who planned the ,washington ,monument could not have more fittingly characterized the man of whom it stands as a memorial4 ,every line of its vast form1 stretching from the ground to more than six hundred feet above the level of the river1 breathes the spirit of the statesman and soldier whose leadership is an essential part of our early history4 ,that long stretch of ,maryland marble1 capped with its apex of aluminum1 does more1 however1 than to memorialize and interpret the character of ,washington2 it outlines the essential qualities of our people4 ,they were well typified in ,washington4 ,they are1 therefore1 well typified in a monument which symbolizes his nature4 ,it is at once a picture of their past and a prophecy of their future4 ,it combines simple plainness with rugged strength4 ,one cannot look at it without thinking of the spirit of the pioneer4 ,the picture of the pilgrims facing the dangers of an unknown wilderness1 that of the embattled farmers at ,concord1 and that of the men who have borne the burdens of the ,republic throughout the years each rises into view4 ,we have had hard tests in the past4 ,we are facing what may yet be harder ones in the future4 ,no other spirit than that of simple1 rugged ,americanism could prove sufficient for either those past or those to come4 ,the strongest point of ,america has always been the spirit of her people4 ,she has amassed a national wealth which has become a wonder to the world4 ,she has built up a great army and a magnificent navy4 ,she has gained a place in the councils of the great world powers4 ,she has never reached a place1 however1 where she can afford to place such reliance upon any other power as upon that of the spirit and ideals of her people4 ,american guns were only an incident in the ,revolution4 ,they would have been failing weapons in the hands of many4 ,they won their cause1 however1 because they were carried in the hands of men whose souls were throbbing with the power of a great conviction4 ,they had the toughness1 the courage1 the bravery1 and the nerve of the pioneer1 but they had more than all these4 ,they had the consciousness of a worthy cause4 ,they knew they were fighting for all that was dear to them4 ,they had homes to defend1 a principle to vindicate1 and a future to achieve4 ,these things enabled them to show the world how men can fight when all that they are has been staked on the struggle4 ,we still need guns and armies1 but we need never hope to graduate from the fundamental necessity for sturdy and courageous men4 ,the kind of men who have been our salvation in the past and who are our hope for the future are always found where habits of plain and rugged simplicity prevail4 ,however sophisticated our thinking may become1 we need to ever cultivate the kind of physical frames which are developed by plain living and high thinking4 ,where ,rome placed softness and self-indulgence we must always keep the simple and wholesome ideals which proved so mighty in the lives of our fathers4 ,another thing to be noted about the ,monument is the fact that it stands foursquare to all the winds4 ,its ideal of plainness decreed that it should be so4 ,there are no tricky twists in its plan4 ,its architecture has no place for merely decorative turns4 ,there is not a deceptive line nor a hint of anything superficial4 ,the habit of being real deserves a place among the chiefest of all virtues4 ,no one ever gained anything by any measure of pretense and unreality4 ,no nation ever bettered either itself or the world by any process of deception and sham4 ,we can no more outgrow the necessity for truth and honor than we can outdistance that for plain living and high thinking4 ,in accordance with this long-standing characteristic1 ,america is leading the world in its stand against shady intrigues and secret treaties4 ,when that principle has been vindicated in the conduct of the nations we shall begin to be able to feel that ,mars has been left behind the chariot of civilization forever4 ,another thing to be noticed about the ,monument is the fact that it reaches high but it is founded deeply4 ,from just beneath its aluminum cap the ground seems very far away4 ,from the base its apex seems to be pushing itself through the clouds and piercing the sky beyond them4 ,it is a connecting link between earth and sky1 between the common and the lofty1 between the practical and the ideal4 ,two people fail to get more than half the meaning and the joy of life4 ,one is the star-gazer1 so enraptured with his visions that he is blind to life's practical realities4 ,the other is the extreme realist1 so fearful of the fanciful that he will not lift his eyes from the mud at his feet and take a look at the glories which hover about the hill of vision4 ,the ,american viewpoint is represented by neither alone4 ,it is represented1 rather1 by a combination of both4 ,as the ,monument stands with its feet firmly planted in the clay1 but with its top among the stars1 the national spirit is best typified by the man who keeps his plans firmly fixed among practical things1 but who also keeps his thinking at the high level of splendid dreams1 worthy ideals1 and inspiring visions4 ,we have achieved such marvelous progress as a nation largely because we have busied ourselves with real things4 ,we have taken hold of things and conditions as we found them1 and have made the best of them4 ,we have been the better able to do so1 however1 because we have not forgotten the things of the unseen world about us4 ,our dealing with practical things has been blessed by the treasuring of spiritual ideals and the following of worthy dreams4 ,our place as a nation is largely the result of this union of hope and thing1 this combination of dream and realization1 this blending of the ideal and the practical4 ,the ,post-,war ,outlook for ,literature 7#aiai7 ,the true writer is a sort of social seismograph1 sensitive to every change that takes place in the life of the race4 ,literature is1 therefore1 the record in which is told the story of social movements1 the mirror which reflects the history of the ages4 ,the peace and strife1 the faith and unfaith1 the love and the malice of all the past lives in the literature which it has produced4 ,the great war was preceded by a period of fermenting stagnation4 ,it was a period of suppressed restlessness and hidden fears4 ,the little eruptions on the surface of its seemingly placid literature bespoke the deeper feelings and hidden gropings of the time4 ,at length the pent-up fury of things burst into a volcano of war4 ,the war produced a literature of its own4 ,it ran like a golden thread through the vast mass of ordinary war propaganda4 ,most of the propaganda was of mere brain origin1 but the real literature of the war was born in the depths of the tried souls of men4 ,one day ,i had occasion to mention to a friend the spiritual cost of the war4 ,i remarked that in addition to all that the struggle had cost us in money1 and even in blood1 we had paid an unutterable price in the loss of brains that were born to think1 souls that were made to dream1 and lips that were fashioned to sing4 ,she promptly replied that1 while this was true1 the war had awakened a great many minds to thoughtfulness1 taught a multitude of souls the magic secret of weaving the fabric of dreams1 and put a song into many lips that had hitherto been dumb4 ,she was right4 ,many singers and tellers of tales went down in the crash of things1 but out of it came many others who had been reborn4 ,the war has invigorated literature for a long while to come4 ,we shall not soon see another stagnant age4 ,having had a war literature1 we now face the period in which is to be born a post-war literature4 ,it is a common thought among people everywhere that during the years between #aiad and #aiah the elements melted with fervent heat4 ,the old world has been done away1 and all things are ready to be made new4 ,the outlines of seas and continents are the same as before1 but the viewpoint1 outlook1 and general consciousness of the race are totally changed4 ,it could hardly seem more so if we had been bodily transported to another planet4 ,the new age will express itself in a new literature--a reconstruction literature4 ,the literature of pre-war writers already seems to belong to a very remote time4 ,scott1 and ,thackeray1 and ,dickens will never lose their literary excellence1 but the time has already come when their work seems to belong to another world4 ,the fundamental principles of life have not changed1 but our attitude toward life and our application of those principles have changed mightily4 ,a broader interpretation of them is now a necessity4 ,this service must be rendered by the pen of the writer4 ,writers can now turn their attention from the production of propaganda and concern themselves more vitally with the real mission of the author4 ,the world will warmly welcome1 be it also said1 a time when it may feel that the writer of its reading matter had no axe to grind in the writing4 ,the ,german ,empire offered an instance of the sad extent to which the pen can be prostituted for propaganda4 ,education1 ,science1 ,philosophy1 and ,literature were all made to serve the selfish ends of a party struggling to build a super-state upon a foundation of self-interest4 ,at such a time1 the soul of greatness dies from any land4 ,those who usher in such periods dig the grave of pure literature by the purchase of its makers4 ,the wielder of the pen is now able to face the problems of life and deal with the principles of truth with an open mind4 ,this has not been true with most since the war began4 ,the weakness of human nature overcame many minds which before the war had manifested commendable poise and evident sincerity4 ,in ,germany and in almost every other country as well1 erstwhile careful thinkers seemed to cast to the winds all the calmness of reason and temper of soul they had ever possessed4 ,there was a perfect ,babel of efforts to prove that all the right was on one side and all the wrong on the other4 ,butchers were whitewashed into angels1 and champions of justice were caricatured into buffoons by pens which were supposed to be dedicated to the telling of the truth4 ,during the year #aiaf1 a ,german anthropologist published an article in which he proved1 to his own satisfaction1 that to be a ,frenchman necessarily meant to be a moral degenerate4 ,during the same year1 a ,french anthropologist proved1 with equal fervor and with equal satisfaction to himself1 that to be a ,german necessarily meant to be a criminal lunatic4 ,so long as such conceptions prevail in the minds of thinkers and investigators1 there can be neither literature nor science of any dependable sort4 ,it may be some time before the squint of prejudice is entirely removed from the thinking of the various peoples involved in the war4 ,gradually1 however1 it must necessarily relax from its violence4 ,thinkers should now do their best to work with only truth for a standard4 ,the saner our reconstruction writings prove1 the more potent they will be4 ,nothing but truth can ultimately prevail4 ,while the war1 as is always the case with wars1 has caused much violent prejudice1 and has led many talented people to defend a cause in forgetfulness of truth1 it has at the same time performed one great service to literature4 ,it has served to bring the work of writers on the various subjects down from the ethereal heights of mystical theory to the solid levels of plain thinking and everyday living4 ,in order to produce the materials and solve the problems necessary to the winning of the war1 ,science was obliged to turn its work into the most practical channels4 ,no thoughtful person will insinuate that ,science is useless since it has helped us in so many ways to save the day in a great national emergency4 ,the completeness of the abandon with which scientific investigators and writers gave themselves to war problems is evidenced by the fact that at the #aiag meeting of the ,american ,academy for the ,advancement of ,science1 almost every address dealt with some problem incident to the war and the needs of the nation4 ,the trends in ,philosophy and ,theology were alike profoundly affected by the wartime spirit4 ,in no single year of the past have these two departments of thought made such progress in their efforts to get down where men live and to deal with the problems which are real to people as they have made during either of the past two years4 ,as a result1 they are more intelligible1 more helpful1 and more widely adapted for vital use4 ,imaginary problems and arbitrary arguments have been largely laid aside4 ,the literature of these least tangible subjects has come to deal with them in the most tangible way4 ,it considers more and more the problems of everyday life and work4 ,there has been sown into the literature of the various nations a certain moral and spiritual element which is very indicative of the trend of human thought and desire4 ,an unusual number of dramas1 for instance1 are dealing with moral and spiritual themes and principles4 ,the situations with which the war brought men face to face caused some of life's great questions to demand an answer4 ,people who had long put those questions aside came to face them squarely4 ,out of our late experience1 probably most people came with some intelligible attitude toward the supreme questions related to living and dying4 ,neither are we any longer afraid to face them either in books or upon the stage4 ,the literature of the new age may not be reflective1 but it will be vital4 ,the prophet of truth never faced such an opportunity as now4 ,free ,verse 7#aiba7 ,we generally think of free verse as being a modern literary creation4 ,such is not really the case4 ,that form of free verse which is now most in vogue1 namely the form commonly called polyphonic verse1 may be a comparatively new thing4 ,at least it has been commonly familiar only during the last few years4 ,the fundamental form of which it is but a variation is quite an old one4 ,walt ,whitman was a writer of a form of free verse in a literary generation now vanished4 ,his 8,blades of ,grass0 was the most unconventional thing done either in his period or those prior to it4 ,this verse varies from our polyphonic prose of the present time1 yet the spirit and general form are much the same4 ,whitman's work awakened an abundance of discussion and criticism in his day4 ,it survives because he had a message1 and compared with the message of a poem1 its form is only an incidental thing4 ,the blank verse forms1 which are as venerable as they are familiar in our literature1 are variations of the same general poetic pattern4 ,as a rule1 the most conservative of us are fond of holding up ,shakespeare as a literary model for the centuries4 ,we seem to have been about right in our estimate of him too1 for his work certainly has evidenced a remarkable measure of immortality4 ,yet the great body of the work of ,shakespeare was of the unconventional type4 ,it differed1 of course1 from the free verse of today1 yet it was a forerunner of what is now being produced4 ,shakespeare contributed largely toward giving blank verse a lasting good name4 ,he ventured to pay little attention to rhyme in an age when ,england was a nest of singing birds1 and most of them were singing in rhymes and stanzas4 ,he preserved his rhythm1 it is true1 but our modern free verse does that also4 ,it has a still older pedigree than ,shakespeare4 ,it appears in the earliest beginnings of the poetry of the ,english and of still more ancient peoples4 ,the literature of the ,hindus and ,semites is full of it4 ,from the earliest snatches of song recorded in the sacred writings of the ,hebrews1 the ,bible has a wealth of poetry which suggests the modern form4 ,moses1 ,david1 and ,solomon all used it4 ,the ,magnificat of ,mary and the ,nunc ,dimittis of ,simeon are both worthy of an honorable place in a modern magazine of free verse4 ,rhythmic prose is1 then1 quite an ancient literary institution4 ,it appears in two distinct grades and types4 ,one is the simple1 childlike1 elemental form which marks the early stages of the life of a people4 ,the other is the more polished form which represents the later period of culture4 ,the first is found in the early lore of most races1 savage or semi-civilized4 ,the ,american ,indian had an abundance of it4 ,the beginnings of the poetry of what are now the most civilized races also include a great deal of it4 ,it represents that time in the life of a people when human feelings burst spontaneously into song4 ,in such an age practically everyone is a singer1 though not everyone can fashion fancy rhymes and stanzas4 ,of the second form1 we have abundant examples in our large and growing store of fine poetical work4 ,we have simply swung back toward the freer forms which gave opportunity for the expression of the feelings of our earlier forefathers4 ,we may have done so because we had feelings to express that seemed to demand such forms4 ,we may have done so simply for the sake of variety4 ,at any rate1 we have done so4 ,this fact does not argue that any violence has been done to the quality of our poetic output4 ,the present movement has simply changed the favored poetic form1 for the time being at least4 ,it may be that we have gone backward in some other things1 but there is little to indicate that we have done so in relation to our poetry4 ,the general run of ,american poetry today is of a very high order4 ,generally speaking1 poetic art in ,america stands today at its highest level thus far4 ,the rhyme and the stanza belong to the period of highly studied form4 ,they are ornamental1 and1 like fine lace1 the weaving of them calls for great skill if it is to be well done4 ,they often express commanding thoughts and emotions1 but the outstanding thing about them is their form4 ,of course1 if their form were their only value they would still be worth while4 ,we cannot get on without beauty4 ,it is true1 however1 that in the case of formal rhymed verse1 the thought and message cannot so easily be at their best4 ,thought must often be limited and truth stilted by the necessities of form4 ,the free verse form offers an opportunity for the poet to break largely away from these narrowing limitations4 ,it has been said that the prose writer is master of his materials while the poet is the slave of his style4 ,many a versifier has unintentionally fallen into a vein of grandiose expression which could hold little of sincerity and truth4 ,the intermingling of prose and verse qualities which we find in free verse makes it possible for the poet to be true to the finer shades of his message and its meaning4 ,he is not bound by any fixed necessities of rhyme and meter4 ,this probably accounts for the fact that we have seen expressed in this form the most rugged sentiments and1 at the same time1 the most delicate shading of artistry4 ,i once enjoyed a conversation with the late ,james ,whitcomb ,riley1 wherein he spoke of the desirability of naturalness in poetry4 8,poetry should not sound stilted and constrained10 he said1 8but natural and sincere4 ,it should run along the same even and normal course that a high grade of every-day conversation does4 ,one should not say1 the rippling brook along4' ,he should say1 #8along the rippling brook4'0 ,one may notice in ,mr4 ,riley's work that the best of the poems he wrote during the period of his most serious work have just this quality4 ,consequently1 they are rather free in their form4 ,he does not break entirely away from rhyme and meter1 but he does make them secondary4 ,this kind of work seems to hold its place longest4 ,probably the reason is that the message and not the form is the immortal part4 ,out of the past we have preserved a few high-sounding poems for their lilt and rhythm1 but they are few and probably will be long outlived by others sounding a more genuine note4 ,if anything of their kind was produced in the days of ,moses or ,david1 it has long since perished4 ,yet the great sentiments that swelled from the souls of these men and burst from their lips are still treasured among us4 ,after all1 it does not seem to be to the advantage of the poet to be abjectly the slave of his style4 ,he seems to be all the better remembered when he is the master of his materials4 ,some have the idea that free verse belongs in the same category with jazz music and cubist art1 but it is not so4 ,free verse is no oddity4 ,it is one of the best outlets poetry can ever offer for the expression of the moods and thoughts of the human soul4 ,it is not the only form of poetry we should cultivate and preserve1 but it is one that will have a real place in the great future of letters4 ,music and ,history 7#aiba7 ,it is often said that a nation's life is mirrored in its literature4 ,this is necessarily true because it is the mission of literature to express life4 ,even if such were not its purpose1 the spirit of an age would naturally find its way into the writings of the period4 ,literature cannot but be a true reflection of the age which produces it4 ,the same is true of music in an approximate1 if not an equal1 degree4 ,it also mirrors the life of the age from which it springs4 ,literature is a word picture of the life of its time4 ,music is a tone picture of the same thing4 ,a musical composition images the state of someone's soul at a given moment4 ,that condition of soul is a part of the great composite which we call the spirit of the times4 ,it might about as well be called the personality of the age4 ,it largely determines the thought1 motive1 and action of the period4 ,it is the chief factor in the making of history4 ,when one sees it spread out before him1 he can almost write from it the story of the period represented4 ,the issues of life have always proceeded from the heart1 and the heart of any age expresses itself in its musical productions4 ,the great general types of music are all representative of either phases of human life or periods in its history4 ,the age of great passions and majestic emotions produced the symphony4 ,the day of calm devotion and religious faith gave us the oratorio and the hymn4 ,the time of quiet ways and simple joys contributed the pastorale4 ,the age of love brought us the lyric and the ballad4 ,these types of music we still have with us1 for music is a permanent record4 ,as we have them today1 they tell us what the people of other ages have thought1 felt1 hoped1 joyed1 and suffered4 ,we are now as busily engaged in building up a musical record of our times as they were in the making of a volume of work by which others might know their story when they were gone4 ,the ,elizabethan period is outstanding in the history of ,english literature for the quantity and quality of the lyric verse which it produced4 ,it has been said with entire truthfulness that during that period ,england was a veritable nest of singing birds4 ,among those who helped to produce that volume of song are ,william ,shakespeare1 ,ben ,johnson1 and ,christopher ,marlowe4 ,thus far1 the work done by the poets and singers of that period has successfully met all the tests of immortality4 ,it is both read and sung throughout the ,english-speaking world4 ,the reason for the outstanding quality of the songs of that period is simply the fact that it was an amorous age in ,england4 ,love is the great inspirer of this type of poetry and song4 ,love is an elemental instinct1 and rhyme and rhythm are the elemental ways of expressing things4 ,therefore1 love finds its most suitable expression in lyric verse4 ,lovers must sing4 ,if their suit is successful1 their song is gay4 ,if it meets with temporary or permanent disappointment1 their song is grave4 ,in either case1 they must sing4 ,whenever the day of the lover comes in any day or time1 and it always does come1 the period during which he reigns will be an age of song4 ,after reading or hearing the songs of the ,elizabethan period in ,england1 there is little in the history of the times that needs to occasion surprise to one4 ,the writers of that period were simply representative of their time4 ,therefore1 they expressed its spirit in their singing4 ,the soul of the ,england of their time breathes in their verse4 ,we have developed our distinct types of music in ,america4 ,each of these is also representative either of a period in our history or an element in our national spirit4 ,it was in the stirring days of the revolutionary period that the ,american spirit was fully awakened4 ,that consciousness naturally found expression in a type of song4 ,it was such songs as 8,yankee ,doodle0 that gave it voice4 ,in the heat and fervor of our next great war was born the majestic national anthem to which the recent trials have given a new meaning4 ,the fraternal strife of the ,civil ,war naturally required two sets of songs to express its spirit4 ,the ,north sang its courage up with 8,tramp1 ,tramp1 ,tramp the ,boys are ,marching10 8,the ,battle ,cry of ,freedom10 and 8,marching ,through ,georgia40 ,at the same time1 the soul of the ,south was speaking in the words and music of such songs as 8,dixie10 8,the ,bonnie ,blue ,flag10 and 8,maryland1 ,my ,maryland40 ,the ,spanish-,american ,war and the ,world ,war just ended each brought its contribution of song to the lore of our times4 ,those who come after us will long be able to recall the spirit of these two periods by singing their songs again4 ,we have also had our lyric age in ,america4 ,the quality of its output does not even suggest comparison with that of the ,elizabethan work1 but we have had it4 ,the crude backwoodsmen who occupied the stage during the earlier days of our wilderness life were normal people4 ,they not only had their loves1 hopes1 joys1 and sorrows1 but they also sang about them4 ,the result was often pitifully sentimental1 but it was sincere4 ,down to a recent time1 there was more militarism in the ,american spirit than most people realized4 ,we had a goodly supply of the courage of battle left over from our several wars and their corresponding victories4 ,america found expression for that spirit in the work of such men as ,john ,philip ,sousa1 and others of similar1 though less widely recognized talent4 ,for a long while1 the sound of the stately march has served as an outlet for our patriotic feelings4 ,we now share the general decline in militaristic feeling1 but the march will remain4 ,if war dies from the earth1 as so many fondly hope it will1 our stirring marches will still be treasured as tone pictures of the days that were4 ,particularly is the folk song a page from the history of a people4 ,one might gather more of the spirit of the old ,south from hearing a collection of its songs than from the reading of many pages of its story4 ,the same would be true of any section of any land4 ,ragtime and ,jazz represent two successive steps in the development of the recent world spirit4 ,it was a spirit of nervousness and restlessness1 a spirit willing to go to any length for the sake of novelty and action4 ,it helped to make the world war possible and is still keeping the planet in a turmoil of restlessness and dissatisfaction4 ,jazz has been defined as animalism expressed in tone4 ,it might also be called the anarchy of music4 ,there are those who hope for a calmer day in the world's temper and feeling4 ,when that time comes1 its spirit will express itself in a renewal of dignified and stately music4 ,we may assume this to be true because the thought and action of any age1 whatever its spirit1 is traced upon the long scroll of time in the form of a golden thread of song4 ,we have noted only the products of the lesser musical ability of ,america4 ,to fail to call attention to the fortunate exceptions would be to fail to do justice to the better culture and taste of our country4 ,the fact that we have had some real masters is one not to be overlooked4 ,our ,cadmans and ,mac,dowells bear testimony to the fact that our faces are forward4 ,there is a spirit of culture in ,america1 and it has found expression in some of the finer and more enduring forms of musical composition4 ,it has obstacles to surmount1 but it makes progress4 ,america has a national future4 ,it follows that she has a musical future4 ,the one vouchsafes the other4 ,the other expresses the one4 ,correspondence 7#aibi7 ,two important influences go out from an office4 ,one is that of the representatives who make outside personal contacts4 ,the other is the stream of correspondence that issues forth into the outside world4 ,the second is no less important than the first4 ,as good correspondence is an art1 so a good correspondent is an artist4 ,he is not easy to find4 ,it is as surprising as it is regrettable how few people have taken the trouble really to master the use of the ,english language4 ,one can more easily find a master of mechanics than a master of words any time4 ,yet each person owes it not only to his language but to himself to know how to use his native tongue correctly and effectively4 ,in all writing1 and especially in writing letters upon which great interests turn1 two things are important4 ,one is to say the right thing4 ,the other is not to say the wrong one4 ,the president of a great bank once said to me3 8,i write my own advertisements and dictate my own letters1 not necessarily because ,i know better than anyone else what to say1 but rather because ,i probably do know better than anyone else what not to say40 ,the other day ,i saw a series of collection letters supposed to have been prepared by an expert4 ,they were verbose and flowery4 ,they were supposed to be seasonal--something about which both collector and collectee care exactly nothing4 ,they had a jollying and blarneying tone which is always nauseating4 ,the clear1 courteous1 definite letter is the one that wins4 ,i once saw an irate letter that came to the director of a money-raising project for a philanthropic interest4 ,it told him plainly that the writer objected to the whole scheme1 and would consider it an insult to be asked for a subscription4 ,a secretary answered the letter patiently1 courteously1 and explainingly1 but without asking for a subscription4 ,return mail brought a letter from the erstwhile objector enclosing a subscription for fifty dollars4 ,the right kind of correspondence will contribute largely toward the success of any business4 ,the ,sabbath ,desecration 7#aiaj7 ,we are sometimes accustomed to make rather gloomy comparisons between our days and those of our fathers4 ,the ground for our doing so is oftener grounded in sentiment than fact1 and yet there are some differences which are deplorable4 ,this is especially true with reference to the observance of the precepts laid down in our religious teachings4 ,we feel painfully lacking when we reflect upon the sturdy faith of the pioneers who blazed the way not only for our economic but also for our religious advancement4 ,perhaps nowhere do we feel that there is more discouraging contrast than in the matter of ,sabbath observance4 ,a little girl in one of our large cities heard the minister say in his sermon1 one ,sunday1 that in heaven every day would be like ,sunday4 ,she told her mother1 upon arriving home1 that she expected to find heaven a grand place1 for if every day were to be like ,sunday1 then the ceaseless round of theaters1 cards1 and ball games would certainly be delightful4 ,between this conception of the ,sabbath ,day and that of the stern ,puritan who refused to allow his children to play and be happy on ,sunday1 there lies a long distance4 ,both are extreme views and neither could be said to be altogether desirable1 but if ,american life continues in its present direction1 the one may become as real as the other once was4 ,we do not want our ,sabbath ,day to be a season of agonizing gloom and long faces4 ,nothing could be farther from the apparent attitude of ,jesus toward it4 ,neither do we want it to be a day of selfish pleasure and frivolity4 ,but we do want it to be a day of meditation1 prayer1 and quiet service4 ,to keep the day holy does not necessarily imply absolute passivity1 but in a ,christian land1 the ,sabbath ,day should be a day of rest4 ,and yet the doors of many business houses are wide open2 petty amusements reap a harvest of small coin1 theatrical performances are given1 and often the authorities fail to close even the saloons4 ,not only must we face these facts1 but also that many so called ,christians fail in very questionable ways to keep the day sacred4 ,we may well ask whence this great difference between our age and that of the preceding generation4 ,we are so justified by the fact that every effect has a cause4 ,the tempter has many ways of accomplishing his purposes4 ,he can not only quote to his purpose1 but he can also utilize the social forces to his own advantage4 ,where such a force is the cause of men doing that which they should not do1 we can best do the work of our ,lord by fighting the force and not the act4 ,we can not kill the dragon by cutting off the heads2 we must strike at the life-giving root of the evil4 ,one reason why the ,sabbath is less a day of rest than formerly is probably to be found in the fact that this is more an age of idleness than was the former one4 ,our fathers appreciated and observed their day of rest because they could not help but feel their need of it4 ,they worked hard in the woods or fields from the early morning till late at night1 and moreover1 their work was of such a muscular nature that their evenings and ,sundays found them both weary in body and hungry in mind4 ,the ,sunday rest would relieve the one1 and attendance upon ,sunday services would satisfy the other4 ,thus1 it was apparently to their own advantage to live the day unto the ,lord4 ,not only this1 but the father did not toil out his days to maintain his sons and daughters in lives of idleness and profligacy4 ,every member of the family had his or her share in the work of making ends meet4 ,thus1 the whole family found itself weary enough to be ready for rest and prayer on the ,sabbath4 ,it is but natural that one who loafs the week away or goes on a continual round of pleasure-seeking should fail to realize any need for rest and relaxation on ,sunday4 ,they are the people who are usually found complaining that the preachers and ,christians want to make a man sit still all day ,sunday and do nothing4 ,the argument that laboring men want ball games and other amusements to occupy themselves on ,sunday is fallacious4 ,if they work on week days as they ought to work1 they will not be found complaining of too much rest on ,sunday4 ,then1 in this case1 it is not so much against ,sabbath desecration as it is against idleness that we need wage our war4 ,if we can remove the cause1 its effects must disappear4 ,a sermon on honest week-day labor is really a sermon on ,sabbath observance4 ,but all ,sabbath breakers are not idlers4 ,some of them work as steadily as the sturdy pioneer ever worked4 ,but the occupation is of a different nature4 ,where our fathers toiled with their hands1 men now toil with their brains4 ,our fathers wore out their bodies1 while men now shatter their nervous systems4 ,tired limbs induce rest1 while weary minds and unstrung nerves only hinder it4 ,it is easy when evening comes to let go of the ax or the plow1 but it is not so easy to forget the knotty business problem or perplexing professional difficulty4 ,the need of such toilers is recreation4 ,we need to get such men to take down the almighty dollar from its place as their guiding star and hang the higher and better things of life in its place4 ,in this case1 a sermon against the 8ambition which o'erleaps itself0 is a sermon against ,sabbath desecration4 ,the two facts mentioned above as causes of ,sabbath breaking contribute to making this an extremely nervous age4 ,humanity is restless4 ,it wants to be about doing something1 and it seems not to know just where to direct its efforts4 ,people seem to be afraid of themselves1 and hence the quiet chamber and closet of secret prayer is often unappreciated4 ,if we chance to feel a serious thought coming upon us1 we get afraid1 and at once seek the crowd for fear that it may mature in our minds4 ,we forget that great visions must be seen in solitude and then carried out among the crowd4 ,our lonely ,sinais must precede our deeds of leadership4 ,every ,calvary is preceded by its ,gethsemane1 and quietness and solitude are not to be despised4 ,we need to learn the lesson of ,isaiah1 8,in quietness and confidence shall be your strength2 in returning and rest shall ye be saved40 ,only small minds are always tossing upon a sea of restlessness4 ,great lives know how to be tranquil4 ,such hearts know how to keep the ,sabbath holy4 ,thus1 when we preach and work against restlessness1 feverishness1 and worry1 we preach and work against ,sabbath desecration4 ,if we can but induce men to so toil that they will become body-weary and soul-hungry1 we shall not only further ,god's creative plan1 but we shall also help humanity to really understand the worth of a ,sabbath ,day of rest4 ,the anxious nervousness of the masses and the cupidity of enterprising amusement promoters spring to meet each other as by magnetic attraction4 ,when the masses learn to love the quiet of the home and sanctuary and no longer so persistently seek that which does not satisfy their nameless and misunderstood hunger1 then such cupidity will no longer be sustained and encouraged4 ,when we learn the habits of health1 and life1 and work that helped to make our fathers strong1 then shall we have back again the faithful observance of the holy ,sabbath ,day that helped to make our fathers good4 ,the ,light 7#aiae7 ,the bringing into existence of light had an early and important place in the creation of the universe4 ,it has held an important place in all the age-long continuance of the creative process which has been going on ever since that early day--so much so that it has marked the ,creator as essentially a ,god of light1 neither in whom nor in whose purposes is there any darkness at all4 ,in the different realms of life1 light must take different forms4 ,in the physical universe1 it takes the form of the illuminating ray that makes daylight out of darkness4 ,in the life of man1 it takes the form of the knowledge of the truth which makes him free4 ,wherever the influence of ,god goes1 it carries with it the illuminating agency of schools1 teachers1 and books4 ,no land remains ignorant under the sway of the gospel4 ,the ,christianization of a land is simply the carrying of the creative process on into new realms of life1 and early in every such creative process is heard the majestic edict3 8,let there be light40 ,the answer to the edict is ever the same3 8,and there was light40 ,god permitted darkness as a stage in creation1 but never as a permanent condition4 ,he may permit the darkness of ignorance or sin or both--for they go hand in hand--in a life as a stage in its development4 ,but wherever a continuance of the conditions is insisted upon a day longer than necessity requires1 the results must be disastrous4 ,there is a certain life-giving strength in light4 ,there is a wide difference between the pale and twisted plant that grows under a board in the garden and the plant from the same parent that has had the good fortune to grow in the sunlight4 ,much the same difference may be observed in the case of two lives between which there has been a similar difference4 ,there is nothing in the purpose or the kingdom of ,god that needs fear the light4 ,what will not stand the light is not of ,his designing4 ,the best that ,his gospel and ,his power can ask is to be investigated and tested4 ,there need be no fear of what will happen when all men investigate for themselves4 ,the ,yoke 7#aiae7 ,there seems to exist a general misconception of the purpose of a yoke4 ,because of it the command of ,jesus to accept and wear ,his yoke is often much more dreadful than there is reason that it should be4 ,we often fail to catch or refuse to believe the added assurance that 8the yoke is easy40 ,this assurance is true both in figure and fact4 ,anyone who has been personally familiar with the working of oxen under the yoke is sure to understand that the yoke is used not to increase the burden they bear1 but to furnish them with a means of bearing the burden they already have4 ,a yoke does not demand the use of more energy than would otherwise be called into play4 ,the beast of burden would expend the same amount of energy in a day's time4 ,if that strength were not expended in the performance of a useful task it would be wasted4 ,the yoke concentrates the energy at command to the performance of a task worth while4 ,the burden-bearer is no wearier1 neither has it borne any greater burden4 ,it has only borne the same burden with greater ease and to better purpose4 ,laziness is often a harder taskmaster than industry1 and sin is always a harder taskmaster than righteousness4 ,each life will1 in the course of its passage through the world1 exert itself to just about the same degree1 whether it works or plays4 ,nature and life are sure to lay upon it some burdens to bear1 and it must bear them whether it is willing or not4 ,whether the life takes its mission seriously or frivolously1 the amount of energy expended will be about the same4 ,however1 the life has its choice between finding that expenditure difficult or easy1 useful or useless4 ,for1 early in its days1 the ,yoke ,giver comes to it and offers ,his yoke as a means of bearing its burden more easily and usefully4 ,it is pitiable how often the offer is misconstrued as an attempt to increase the burden when it really amounts to an offer to help in carrying it4 ,the ,crowded ,inn 7#aiaf7 ,if ,i were to try to paint a picture of that night in ,bethlehem1 there is one thing ,i would be sure not to omit4 ,i would paint the rifted sky1 opened to release the mingled praise of angels4 ,i would depict the shepherds1 listening in their wonder4 ,i would hang the wondrous star in its place in the sky--heaven's sign of hope to a broken world4 ,the peaceful village1 the lowly manger1 the quiet cattle in their stalls--all these should have a place4 ,but somewhere in the distance ,i would set the inn with its lighted windows1 its gayety within1 and its crowded space--a house with a closed door1 a place with room for all except the family of an artisan who was to be trusted with the rearing of a ,king4 ,through the centuries this has been a most tragic story4 ,it has been the most tragic because it has represented the most widespread condition4 ,it has been the saddest because it has been the least realized4 ,some have tried to drive the ,king from the world with violence1 but no violence has even been able to match the strong1 sweet1 silent influence which pervaded ,his life and which ,he set adrift in the world1 and which1 in spite of opposition1 grows from more to more4 ,the violence which sought ,his annihilation only aided ,him in the fulfillment of ,his mission4 ,there need be no fear of those who go out with swords and staves against ,him4 ,there have been those1 too1 who have tried to banish ,him from the world by persecution4 ,they1 too1 have failed4 ,faith was never stronger nor did ever more immovable convictions burn in the hearts of ,his people than when they fled from the hand of persecution or perished for the faith before the eyes of scoffers4 ,from the ,israelite down1 the people of ,god have thrived on persecution4 ,the real problems of ,christianity arose after1 and not before1 the ,roman state became its ally4 ,better far had been the bread of bitterness which they had eaten than the reduction to a system and a tool which they then suffered4 ,the persecutor only speeds the day of the ,king's dominion4 ,there have been those who have tried to drive ,him from the world by argument4 ,this1 likewise1 has been of no avail4 ,atheism1 agnosticism1 and skepticism all fail before the living fact of the power of ,his presence in the world4 ,one clear case of regeneration or one well-defined overruling of providence is sufficient to dispose of every argument of mere premise and conclusion which can be constructed against ,him4 ,the only argument against ,him is an unfaithful follower1 and that is refuted by a follower who is true4 ,for ,him the sword has no terrors4 ,he never will flee persecution4 ,there is no danger that ,he will ever be driven out4 ,if there is any danger for ,him today1 it is that ,he be crowded out4 ,there is one thing and one thing only which can defeat ,his purpose4 ,that is the unwelcoming life1 the closed heart1 the master of the inn who says1 8,no room40 ,let us not blame the innkeeper of the long ago4 ,he did not know whom he was turning from his doors4 ,he did not act in the light which twenty intervening centuries have given us4 ,he was simply an innkeeper to whom business was business1 and whose preference was naturally for the richest guests4 ,let us be moderate in our censure of him4 ,let us turn to the present4 ,let us find whether the doors of the throne rooms of our own hearts are open4 ,not many say they hate the ,master or ,his ,kingdom4 ,not many say they do not believe in ,him4 ,not many are disposed to persecute4 ,not many even care to argue4 ,but many say1 8,i haven't time40 ,lose what else we may in this busy time1 we must find a place for ,him and ,his words and ,his ways4 ,a good watchword for this day of opportunity might be3 8,make room for ,jesus60 ,the ,price of ,liberty 7#aiaf7 ,on the old battlefield of ,sempach1 where in #achf the ,swiss won a notable victory over the ,austrians1 there stands a monument of recognition to ,arnold von ,winkelried1 a ,swiss peasant1 who on the day of that battle gave his life as the price of victory for his country4 ,the ,austrians were massed together with presented spears--8,a living wall1 a human wood40 ,there was only one hope of breaking through the armed line and that was for some one to dash against the phalanx and make an opening--at the cost of his life4 ,suddenly there was a cry3 8,make way for liberty10 and ,arnold von ,winkelried rushed forward1 gathering an armful of ,austrian lances into his own breast1 but opening a breach through which his comrades poured themselves against their foes4 ,the ,swiss marched to victory that day1 but it was over the dead body of a man who loved them and their cause even unto death1 a man who was moved by the love which lays down its life for its friends4 ,there is another spot--a place unmarked by any monument--where earth's supremest hero yielded up ,his life to make way for the liberty of ,his people4 ,he gathered the wrath and the sting of a great world's sin into ,his own heart1 and led the way where others dared not tread4 ,in the hour that ,jesus died1 the veil of the temple was rent in twain from the top to the bottom1 and the breach was made through which every man might make his way to the feet of his ,god and to the glory of the eternities4 ,the tragedy of ,calvary opened up the way to liberty--the liberty of the truth1 the liberty of pardon1 the liberty of eternal life4 ,so through the ages ,his people have been marching to the supreme hour of joy in forgiveness and assurance1 to success in the conquests of righteousness1 and through the gates of glory at the last4 ,each step of the way they have found full of joy4 ,but it has all been over the dead body of one whose love was too great to know a fear1 and whose devotion was unfailing even in the hour of supreme agony4 ,paul's ,ideal ,sufficient 7#aiah7 ,it is as easy as it is dangerous for those of us who have upon our hearts a work of reform to become victims of fads4 ,when new principles1 directly or indirectly related to religious work1 are discovered and announced1 it is not difficult for our appreciation of their worth to become so enthusiastic as to eclipse everything else in our system of reform with an overdeveloped sense of their importance4 ,they usually are important as having bearing upon the great problem we work to solve4 ,the world1 however1 is apt to wonder if we know just what we are about when we lay one fad aside for another1 just as we had laid earlier fads aside for the one1 and it does not always place the most liberal construction upon our enthusiasm4 ,as a way out1 we should properly appreciate and use each new discovery which has bearing upon our task4 ,we should not1 however1 allow it to assume the proportions of a fad so far as we are concerned4 ,our attitude toward our ideal and its realization must be broad enough to take in more than one side of it at once4 ,so far as the ,church and its task is concerned it will be found that the ideal ,paul had for it is not likely to receive a successful addition4 ,each social institution has one task to perform1 and it will be found to be unable to perform more than that one task well4 ,we have agencies for the various forms of service to society4 ,not one of the others1 however1 approaches closely the field which the ,church was designed to fill4 ,its ministry is purely spiritual and when it leaves that field and takes its stand in any other it is not only overlapping upon the work of other social agencies1 but it is leaving undone a work which there is no other agency to do4 ,in other words1 the ,church will probably not be able to define a higher mission for itself than that expressed in one of the letters to ,timothy--a pillar and ground of the truth--a stay and foundation of that which is everlasting4 ,the ,religion of the ,new ,age 7#aiai7 ,the world is being torn down like an outworn and antiquated structure4 ,when the work of wrecking it is completed1 it will be built over4 ,the result will be a world the builders of which will have tried to profit by the mistakes and experiences of the ages4 ,a ,bible prophecy heralds a new heaven and a new earth4 ,the postbellum reconstruction period will help to realize at least the latter part of that hope4 ,it is already apparent that religion will share in the general readjustment4 ,the war has stimulated the world's thinking4 ,it has seen1 as it did not take time to see in the old days1 the needs in the religious field4 ,any reform is rapid when men once get to thinking4 ,the case is hopeless so long as apathy and lethargy prevail4 ,we probably need not look for any revolutionary change in the fundamentals of religion4 ,these do not change4 ,being rooted and grounded in the truth1 they are fixed and permanent4 ,it is not with either the substance or the mission of religion that the difficulty lies4 ,the difficulty lies at the points of interpretation and application4 ,it is possible for these to advance with growing knowledge1 and the new world will unquestionably see to it that they do so4 ,the earth has always been round1 and it will remain round as long as it exists4 ,men have not1 however1 always understood the fact of its roundness4 ,there was a time when geographical authority insisted that it was flat4 ,then there came a time when better knowledge existed4 ,the fact had not changed in the least4 ,only human interpretation had undergone progress4 ,the facts of religion can not change1 but humanity can achieve progress in rightly interpreting them and in rightly adapting itself to them4 ,it need not be supposed1 either1 that the religion of the new age will be a denatured one4 ,it bids fair1 on the contrary1 to be a positive and vital one4 ,it will probably be less and less the fashion to parade moral laxity under the false banners of liberal thinking4 ,the coming period will not be superficial4 ,it will need a religion of power and significance4 ,it will try religious principles to the limit1 and if such a religion can not be had1 it will have none at all4 ,fortunately1 a definite and positive faith can be had4 ,the people who are really living want a religion which is more than a fashion or a convenience4 ,it must include a working program which means something and is not too easy4 ,the new religion will be composite1 because it will be unified4 ,only in the reactionary centers is any real difference now apparent between ,protestant ,christian bodies4 ,now1 under the unifying influence of a great common cause1 ,protestant1 ,catholic1 and ,jew are combining forces for the religious good of the soldier4 ,that unity will probably increase and continue4 ,most carefully thinking people stand together on the things which are really vital4 ,all understand that no ecclesiastical body can possess a monopoly of the truth4 ,we go on and work faithfully1 each for his own church household1 but we all understand that both good and bad and both truth and error dwell in each of our many camps4 ,all the world has been searching for the same ,god4 ,different peoples have called the ,deity by different names and sought him in different ways4 ,it is not the name or the method1 but the spirit and motive that count most4 ,various peoples have reached various stages in their search4 ,probably all will1 sooner or later1 find the world's one perfect image of the divine ,father in ,jesus4 ,we must be patient1 however1 with those who are only on the way4 ,in the finished faith1 the chaff of all the world's beliefs will have been cast away1 and the abiding in them all will remain4 ,there is nothing in the spirit of the cross to violate that which is good in any of them4 ,the new religion will be a religion of practical standards4 ,it will find its expression in terms that men know about1 and its form will be one which can really be adapted to the needs of everyday living4 ,the tendency in this day of human problems is to bring each line of human thought and investigation down to earth4 ,it is with religion just as with science or philosophy4 ,the demand is that it shall be practical in all its standards and methods4 ,the world has not found the theology born upon a study table sufficient4 ,the cry is for a theology based wholly upon the facts of life4 ,truth does not always follow the processes of formal logic4 ,the tests of faith are not to be found in the syllogism but in life's great laboratory4 ,the authority of the great ,teacher came largely from his fixed habit of talking about real things in practical terms4 ,his only theology was life4 ,in conforming our religion more and more to this principle1 we shall not be getting away from ,jesus4 ,we shall rather be getting back to him4 ,the new religion will be a socialized religion4 ,in this1 it will but bear the fruit of agitation which has already been going on for years4 ,religion can not be worth while without a definite object4 ,its object is not the appeasing of an arbitrary ,deity4 ,it is rather to bring the touch of a tender ,father's grace into the lives of his children4 ,in other words1 the object of religion is humanity4 ,for the good of men are all laws established1 all warnings issued1 and all promises given4 ,the achieving of the present and future salvation of people demands not the successful performance of some mystical process of indoctrination4 ,it calls for the actual application of religious principles in everyday thinking and action4 ,it has not achieved its end until testimony to its power and blessing is borne by all social life and by every social institution4 ,it is nothing until it has come to be expressed in terms of life4 ,without surrendering any of its hope in the promise of a world to come1 the religion of the future will lay a larger emphasis upon the life of the world in which we dwell4 ,more and more men are realizing that the only hope we can have of gaining any other world depends upon our treatment of this one4 ,the path to heaven lies directly through the earth4 ,two attitudes toward this world can never fit in with a thoughtful and reasonable faith4 ,one is the attitude that this is a world of selfish opportunity and sensuous pleasure1 and that the highest object of life is the satisfaction of the flesh4 ,the other is the attitude that this is only a vale of tears to be endured1 despised1 and neglected until such time as we can get out of it into a happier realm4 ,this is a life of opportunity1 to be lived out with full appreciation and emphasis upon the sweetness and the worth-whileness of each day and hour4 ,real religion will strive to make it more and not less beautiful4 ,the new religion will be one of optimism4 ,it will understand that nothing is so easy as cynicism and nothing so cheap as the continual discounting of other people4 ,it will find its strength not in emphasizing the badness of people1 but in believing in them4 ,after all these years1 it will come to realize that ,jesus saved by believing in sinners4 ,whoever follows in his footsteps will certainly have to learn to do the same4 ,the human heart shrivels under accusation4 ,it blossoms under the radiant influence of someone's confidence4 ,the new religion--an evolved form of the old--will count the roses and forget the thorns1 and it will strive to emphasize the divinity in every man4 ,the new religion will be the old reduced to its simplest and most workable terms4 ,god will be upon its throne4 ,jesus will stand as his perfect expression in the flesh4 ,the cross will overshadow all4 ,it will be a religion of service1 for there is much to do4 ,it will be a religion of sacrifice1 for this is a needy world4 ,reasonably interpreted1 the ,bible will be its message4 ,its aim will be to bring out the divinity implanted in all things1 and its test will be its product4 ,christianity and ,americanism 7#aibj7 ,religion plays an important part in the making of any nation4 ,the spirit of faith and the spirit of patriotism seem to have a genuine affinity for each other4 ,the national hope of ,israel was born in the heart of a man whose name has been handed down as that of the father of the faithful4 ,it was finally realized under the leadership of a man chosen of ,god as the mouthpiece through which the law was given4 ,long before nationality was an achieved fact1 the love of ,god and the hope of a country were intermingled in the hearts of the sons of ,jacob4 ,this is probably a chief reason for the deathlessness of the race4 ,through the fabric of ,american history1 the ,christian religion is woven like a golden thread4 ,many things have contributed to the glory of our past1 but nothing else has contributed quite so much as has this fact4 ,many things enter into the making of our hope for the future1 but this is the most important among them all4 ,the ,pilgrims came seeking a spiritual refuge4 ,it was on bent knees that they first greeted the country which they had chosen for their home4 ,their memory is perpetuated by a monument which stands near the place where they landed4 ,it carries five symbolic figures1 representative of ,pilgrim qualities4 ,it is appropriate that the central one among them is the figure of ,faith4 ,it was in the spirit of faith that they laid the foundations of ,american life in their section of the country4 ,what was true of the northern settlements was true of the southern ones as well4 ,practically everything that was a part of the old ,jamestown settlement is gone4 ,it is significant that one of the most abiding of the old landmarks at ,jamestown was the ruins of an old church in which the colonists first lifted their voices in the praise of ,god4 ,among the ,american people1 the church and state have always been organically separate1 but they have always been spiritually united4 ,the state has guaranteed protection to the church4 ,in return1 the church has given moral and spiritual support to the state4 ,the state can well afford to maintain such an attitude4 ,it has no other bulwark so strong as is the church4 ,the perpetuity of the state depends most largely upon the very things for which the ,christian religion stands4 ,among them are virtue1 loyalty1 and fraternity4 ,statesmanship is a necessity in the activities of a nation1 but it is not the fundamental necessity4 ,diplomatic shrewdness may often be helpful1 but it is not a foundation upon which rests the existence of any country4 ,rich economic development1 splendid cities1 cultured citizenship--all these are things that enter into the highest grade of national life1 but they are not the fundamental requirements of existence and strength4 ,the hardy virtues that make good men are the foundation stones upon which any sound national life must be built4 ,this is true because it is from the people that the national life flows4 ,it does not come from executive offices1 legislative chambers1 nor judicial tribunals4 ,these are only instrumentalities in the carrying on of its affairs4 ,its essence depends upon the people who make the state4 ,it roots in the places where they live and work4 ,it is never any better nor any worse than they are4 ,it is tempered to the home life1 the industrial life1 and the social life of the land4 ,it is as good as human virtue makes it1 or as bad as the lack of human virtue leaves it4 ,it is1 therefore1 more largely dependent upon ,christian agencies than upon any other one influence4 ,without the ,christian church1 the land would never have had these qualities that make life sound and strong4 ,deprived of the ,christian church1 it would soon cease to have them4 ,with their departure1 the sanctity would die out of family relations1 the spirit of mutual helpfulness would perish from community life1 and citizenship would be deprived of the attitude of loyalty to flag1 country1 and law4 ,while these virtues are maintained1 the state stands strong and firm4 ,when they decay1 the state goes to pieces as a barrel falls to staves when the supporting hoops are removed4 ,this is sufficient to indicate that the state can hardly place too high a value upon the church1 and that it cannot place too high a value upon the faith for which the church stands4 ,a few words should be now said to the point that since the church and the faith have served the country so well in years gone by1 they cannot afford to miss the present supreme opportunity to serve it4 ,america is passing through a great transition stage4 ,no one can say just what the outcome is to be1 but every one recognizes the presence of a national ferment which is certain to result in something positive in the not distant future4 ,there is probably small ground for alarm4 ,ours is a nation of thoughtful people4 ,whatever they do in the end will be tempered with wise judgment4 ,as it has been in other days1 they will choose the wise course1 and we shall only find ourselves better situated than before4 ,the fact stands1 however1 that we are now in a transition period4 ,the whole world is entering into a new period in its existence4 ,it is desirable that this new period shall be really an evolution of the old4 ,the best of the past should survive1 having added to it the best thought and talent the new age can furnish4 ,those revolutionary minds who think the new order will be some sudden substitution for an old one wrecked by the hand of annihilating violence are in the hopeless minority4 ,sound judgment will prevail1 but a change is on the way4 ,in fact it is already partially realized4 ,in such a time of social unrest and upheaval as this1 it is easier than at other times to make blunders4 ,other lands have felt this fever before ours1 and some of them at that time wrote pages into their history which they have spent all the years since wishing they could erase4 ,just now the popular mind needs in an unusual degree the steadying influence of a great faith4 ,the ,christian faith is sufficiently conservative to be careful1 and sufficiently progressive to be fearless in the face of vision4 ,it is1 therefore1 supremely adapted to meet the needs of the times4 ,the ,christian ,gospel is the great solvent of modern problems4 ,the problems of the age are ethical and social4 ,fundamental to ethical and social problems are spiritual conditions4 ,the ,christian ,gospel is an ethical and social message based on spiritual principles4 ,the ,gospel should1 therefore1 be spread to-day with such an earnestness as its prophets have never known before4 ,from pulpit1 in ,bible school1 and by means of printed page1 it should be given the freest possible course to the minds of men4 ,it should certainly be made a more common topic of everyday conversation4 ,let no one think it is unwelcome4 ,the human race realizes its present situation1 and it is anxious to hear about anything that holds out any hope or promise4 ,the world is strangely ,gospel hungry at the present time4 ,it is impatient of substitutes1 but anxious for the real article4 ,in years past the forces of the ,kingdom have been an incalculable support to the government4 ,the church has carried the interests of the nation to the throne of grace4 ,when necessary it has given men to defend the flag4 ,the ,bible and the flag have advanced together4 ,it is safe to assume that in the present time the nation will find all the old-time help in the church and in the religion for which it stands4 ,the ,christian ,program 7#aibj7 ,jesus loved to set forth the nature of the ,kingdom in terms of growing things4 ,he likened it to a grain of mustard seed which grew into a tree1 and to a lump of leaven which leavened the whole of three measures of meal4 ,these are both apt pictures of the ,kingdom and ,his plan for its growth4 ,its realization depends upon the germination and final fruition of the truth4 ,it therefore depends upon the passing from one to another of its master secret4 ,the dream of ,jesus was a pretentious one4 ,it meant not only the conquest of the planet but the conquest of it at its most difficult point4 ,in such a conquest guns and navies are helpless4 ,a greater than a military program is necessary4 ,jesus chose the greatest of all plans--the passing of the message from lip to lip through the channels of everyday conversation4 ,under his plan1 each person is charged to be a witness of what he knows4 ,the result of any problem in progression is startling4 ,it is surprising how quickly a whole planet could be evangelized if the message grew in its sweep according to such a mathematical law4 ,if each person who knows ,jesus passed the knowledge of his experience on to two others1 the outward rim of things could be touched in a little while4 ,such a plan is not only numerically adequate1 but it is the only plan which is numerically adequate4 ,the ,christian program tends to the making of more and better ,christians because the plan of personal evangelism makes every believer an evangelist4 ,one is a little more wholly committed to the gospel he has passed on to others4 ,a philosophy of words is very apt to become a philosophy of life4 ,the sense of being a witness has steadied many a trembling ,christian to a new strength and resolution4 ,responsibility is a wonderful tonic4 ,contributed essay to a symposium on 8,the ,church and ,young ,people0 7#aibj7 ,the status of the church in its relation to youth to-day is generally disappointing4 ,unless it is improved1 the kingdom will become a victim of race suicide4 ,in certain larger lines1 the world seems to be advancing2 in the simpler matters of personal ideals and moral standards1 many people think it to be losing ground4 ,the origin of our problem is threefold4 ,it comes1 first1 from a growing reign of carnality in the world--the seeking of wealth and pleasure at any cost4 ,it comes1 secondly1 from the surrender of erstwhile righteous as well as indifferent homes to the notion that1 since one is young but once1 he should be encouraged to spoil the only youth he is to have4 ,it comes1 thirdly1 from a condition in social institutions and community life which makes it difficult for one to live the better life without severing the social ties that bind him to others4 ,young people cannot pass through the public schools of the average city without making a choice between being worldly and being wall flowers4 ,it even seems that a young man cannot go through a great war for humanity without having the tobacco habit forced upon him as a part of a great propaganda for commercial purposes4 ,boys and girls can hardly attend a social function without seeing indecent attire and being invited to participate in things which deteriorate faith and ideals4 ,our equipment for meeting the situation is generally inadequate4 ,we have plenty of organization1 but it is too general1 too miscellaneous1 and too much interested in funds and reports4 ,we have too many young people's organizations and too little life in any of them4 ,this is a general trouble with ,methodism4 ,we would do better with one tenth of our present machinery and nine times more use of that one tenth4 ,our program should probably cover the following points1 all of which are old and simple3 7#a7 ,a warm spiritual life and a high personal ideal for all4 ,there are no exceptions for age or youth in the standards of the kingdom4 7#b7 ,an emphasis on family faith and practice1 with a revival of proper parental authority4 ,if the children must rule1 let the parents at least retain veto power in the interest of right living4 7#c7 ,a program of community reconstruction which will ultimately make schools and other public institutions as respectful of the ideals of evangelical ,christians as they now are of those of ,jews and ,roman ,catholics4 7#d7 ,simple but effective organization for the recognition of the young people of the church as a normal social group and for their development along the lines indicated in the growth of ,jesus--wisdom1 stature1 favor with ,god1 and favor with man4 ,there is no better program of training than that which includes mind1 body1 religious instinct1 and social relationships4 ,beyond this ,i see little that the church and its agencies can do4 ,nothing is to be gained by compromising with the mind of the flesh1 which is death4 ,we should get the right kind of attitude1 organization1 and equipment4 ,we should use them at their best and then stand our ground4 ,the right-minded will respond to nothing less than a ,christian appeal4 ,the wrong-minded we shall not win anyway--until a revolution has taken place in their point of view4 ,the ,message of an ,empty ,tomb 7#aibj7 ,one ,sunday morning twenty centuries ago a woman stood musing beside an empty grave4 ,she had come there early in the morning to bring the tribute of a final service to a departed friend whose name was ,jesus4 ,he had died on a cross the preceding ,friday4 ,being poor1 his body had received the hospitality of a kind-hearted citizen of ,arimathea4 ,the visitor at the grave of the ,nazarene met with a surprising situation4 ,she did not find things as she expected--if she really expected anything4 ,probably her thoughts were little more than vague impressions1 and she was taking it for granted that the grave still claimed its own4 ,she did not find it so4 ,the seal was broken2 the door was open2 and the former occupant was gone4 ,the garden was silent1 but not with the silence of the dead4 ,its stillness seemed rather to speak of life4 ,it was like a battlefield upon which a great struggle has taken place1 and a great principle vindicated4 ,the very voicelessness seemed eloquent of victory4 ,mary need not have been surprised4 ,jesus had often told his friends that such a thing would happen4 ,his emphasis had never been upon dead people nor dead things4 ,his life had been a message of life triumphant4 ,he had even released others from the fetters of the grave4 ,the world has always had strange ways1 however1 of putting an indefinite construction upon the words of ,jesus4 ,men often remark upon the wonder of them1 but living the truth of them is quite another thing4 ,people are willing to admit their beauty4 ,here and there are those who are even willing to admit their truth4 ,they are not so many1 however1 who venture to take them for a life program4 ,the same old story was repeated in this case4 ,the assurance of ,jesus that the tomb should be but a temporary habitation had been listened to with respect1 but it had not been really taken seriously4 ,it had become a forgotten promise4 ,whether ,mary disbelieved1 or only failed to believe1 she acted upon the assumption that ,jesus was dead4 ,others had remained in their graves4 ,she took it for granted that she would find him in his4 ,she had not learned her right to expect marvelous things4 ,she cannot be blamed much4 ,she only did what most people do4 ,to her credit it must be said that she learned that day that hers was not a dead1 but a living ,lord4 ,it is to be hoped that others have learned as much4 ,the silences were eloquent1 aided as they were by the shock of a great surprise4 ,they spoke very clearly to ,mary as she stood thoughtfully by the vacant tomb that morning4 ,indeed1 they spoke so clearly that across all the intervening generations we can still hear some of the things they said4 ,they told her that life laughs at fetters4 ,whoever thinks to bind it with stones and seals plans the impossible4 ,it is made for the universal spaces and for the everlasting years4 ,the life of ,jesus possessed altogether too much vitality to long remain hidden behind the stone walls of a sepulcher4 ,the world is strewn with graves4 ,we have dug them in countless numbers1 and departed generations made so many that the vast majority of them have long been forgotten4 ,they are all as empty as was the tomb of ,jesus that ,sunday morning4 ,we look at the earth and think of it as hiding those whom we have loved when we ought to look upward and think of them as in the keeping of another world4 ,we look backward and think of their lives as belonging to the past when we ought to look onward and think of them as belonging to the boundless future4 ,the silences of the garden must have told her1 too1 that the ,lord had reached one of the final points in his leadership of men4 ,his was largely a mission of demonstration4 ,for ages men had been frankly doubting that true godliness and actual immortality were possible4 ,jesus demonstrated the fact that the divine spirit fits normally into both the affairs of life and the experiences of the hour of death4 ,he proved that it was possible not only to live like a god1 but also to die like one4 ,he had led the way through the most trying experiences that life can bring4 ,he had gone ahead into the valley and the shadow of death4 ,on the first ,sunday morning after his crucifixion he demonstrated his power to lead the world out of the grave as well as into it4 ,mary was the first witness to that demonstration4 ,a few days later he led the way to one still farther point in the ascending scale of human experience--the gate of glory4 ,he gained each of these points in order to show men that it is possible to reach them4 ,it is for others not merely to admire1 not merely to admit1 not even merely to worship1 but to follow4 ,wherever ,jesus has gone1 he has gone that others might also come4 ,not all the places by which his footprints lead may seem pleasant4 ,they lie along paths of sacrifice1 daring1 and suffering4 ,with an unfailingly majestic spirit1 he faced whatever presented itself as incident to the fulfilling of a great mission4 ,a valley of pain matters much less1 however1 when a mountain of achievement lifts its head beyond4 ,it seems an insignificant thing that one must follow him into the chill of the grave when one knows that he has already broken the way through on the other side4 ,it is not a permanent condition4 ,it is almost too swift in its passing to even be called a temporary experience4 ,a sunset would be a tragedy did one not know that the sun will rise again4 ,we cease to dread the twilight when we reflect that it is but the pathway to another dawn4 ,the silences of the resurrection morning said still another thing4 ,they answered the old question as to whether the soul can exist when separated from the body4 ,the physical frame of ,jesus had seemed that of a dead man when it was taken from the cross three days before1 and laid in the hospitable tomb of the kind-hearted ,joseph4 ,now it was again inhabited by the same spirit which had shone from its eyes in other days4 ,this was no new miracle4 ,its like had been repeatedly performed by the power of ,jesus4 ,the body and soul of his friend1 ,lazarus1 had been reunited after an even longer separation4 ,other spirits had been rewedded to the tenements which they had inhabited1 each time by the wonderful will of this man who himself lived in such positive fashion and for such abiding things that the hand of death could not permanently enchain him4 ,let it be as it will with these earthly frames of ours4 ,the sooner they return to dust1 after we are gone1 the better4 ,the human soul1 however1 was not made to perish4 ,it is a thing of universal interests and eternal possibilities4 ,it is life in its highest terms1 and it was life with which ,jesus was essentially concerned4 ,the silences were eloquent as ,mary stood by the tomb that morning4 ,they told her that immortality was not a dream1 but a fact4 ,they declared that everlasting life was not a baseless hope1 but a wonderful reality4 ,they gave an unspoken answer to an age-long question4 ,they proclaimed the glorious fulfillment of a precious promise4 ,they spoke with a reminding voice1 and it can still be heard across the years4 ,they bid us not to think of the words of ,jesus too vaguely4 ,the greatest beauty of the gospel is its truth4 ,the ideal of ,jesus will remain unrealized until men have learned to accept his words at their face value1 and to act upon the assumption that they are true4 ,faith knows no other testimony so worthy as that of obedience4 ,the wonder of ,jesus is the fact that his power so far outreaches the limits of our experience4 ,the ,laboratory ,test 7#aiba7 ,we may argue about the ,christian faith all we will1 but the only way to appraise its real merits is to apply the laboratory test4 ,an ancient singer challenges3 8,oh1 taste1 and see that the ,lord is good40 ,this is an invitation to possess the knowledge of experience4 ,certain things about ,christianity must be taken by faith4 ,its practical value1 however1 is demonstrable4 ,it is demonstrated in our civilization4 ,it is seen in the new life of mission lands4 ,it is revealed in the personal experiences of twice-born men4 ,the testimony of opinion is uncertain4 ,the testimony of experience is final and unanswerable4 ,arguments on the existence of love do not count with one who loves4 ,the thing experienced demands no proof by logical processes4 ,a laboratory test of anything demands two things4 ,first1 one must enter the laboratory with an open mind4 ,one does not go there to confirm his prejudices1 but to discover the truth4 ,he must be willing to accept the truth which he discovers4 ,one cannot alter the truth to suit himself4 ,he must conform himself to the truth4 ,second1 the honest investigator in the laboratory must put a thing to a complete and honest test4 ,he must do so regardless of his own opinions or desires4 ,the explorer must fulfil all the conditions of discovery before he announces his conclusions4 ,one has no right to deny ,christianity until he knows it fully1 and has proven it a failure by actual test4 ,were this condition fulfilled there would be no unbelievers4 ,the faith has nothing to fear from being tested4 ,indeed1 the more it is tested the better4 ,whoever tries it honestly will find that it works4 ,it can afford to invite the pragmatic test1 for it is supremely a workable religion4 ,the best things never can be adequately appraised at the first glance4 ,they must be tried4 ,the ,nearness of ,destiny 7#aiba7 ,in the opening sentence of the ,book of ,revelation ,john states that in it are related the things which must shortly come to pass4 ,in that sentence he indicates an attitude toward the events of life which it is worth while for all to hold4 ,he appreciates the fact that the future is not remote4 ,with at least some of its events we are face to face4 ,from none of them are we very far removed4 ,destiny is no far distant thing4 ,the processes that build it are continually going on4 ,the events of life are like the landmarks on a highway4 ,some of them may look to be very far ahead1 but they are approaching us very swiftly4 ,we travel the journey of life at great speed4 ,the tomorrows are never long in arriving4 ,we may not know what the future has in store for us1 but one thing we do know4 ,whatever it has in store will not be long in arriving4 ,to the eyes of childhood the day of maturity seems very far away4 ,to the young the days drag slowly4 ,the time of independence1 maturity1 and responsibility seems to creep toward one at the pace of a snail4 ,one by one the days pass1 and each seems to pass a little more swiftly than the last4 ,maturity finally comes1 and then it seems that the years that brought it have been altogether too short4 ,our natures are so constituted that the morning is always calling for the noon4 ,then the noontime is always regretting that the morning has passed by4 ,only to the idle and the aimless do the passing days seem long4 ,to one who possesses a commanding purpose in life they are very brief indeed4 ,there is never time enough to do a great life work4 ,few great servants of their times pass out of this world feeling that they have completed their task to their own satisfaction4 ,the worker who has a great deal of ground to cover before he ceases his toiling often learns this fact to his regret4 ,he is called to his task by the sunrise1 and he feels that the day is long4 ,he goes about his work in leisurely fashion1 feeling that there is no occasion for haste4 ,as the day wears on he begins to measure his task by the vanishing hours4 ,he begins to hasten1 but the sun declines in the ,west all too soon4 ,as the shadows lengthen he grows feverishly hurried1 but it is generally too late4 ,the sun goes down upon an unfinished task4 ,the only thing that would have saved the day would have been an early morning sense of the swiftly hurrying hours4 ,some years ago a distinguished leader of thought in ,america remarked in the last public address he made before he died that the longest time is short when it is past4 ,his words were true4 ,the years always look long as they lie ahead of us1 but when they have passed we are always saying how short a time it was4 ,it has been the human habit to think of the ,kingdom of ,god as a distinct thing4 ,we have kept it far from us both in space and time4 ,we have so thought of it in spite of the fact that we were told by ,him of ,galilee that the ,kingdom is at hand4 ,we have waited and waited for the ,kingdom1 sometimes half doubting that it would ever come1 and all the while it was at our very finger-tips4 ,we had only to lay hold upon it1 feel it1 realize it1 and live it1 to make it ours4 ,we have assumed1 too1 that eternity lies somewhere in the uncertain reaches of the infinitely distant future4 ,in this also we have been mistaken4 ,eternity has been going on all the while4 ,we have simply taken a little section of eternity and arbitrarily named it time4 ,it is still a part of eternity1 just the same4 ,every day that goes by is just that much of eternity4 ,therefore1 everything that a day holds bears an eternal significance4 ,its every event is built into the walls of destiny4 ,all the issues with which we ever have to do are eternal4 ,such is the process of judgment4 ,another name for it is the law of cause and effect4 ,causes and effects swiftly succeed each other in life4 ,the effect is as inevitable as the cause is definite4 ,moreover1 it is not long delayed4 ,i once knew a teacher who had inscribed in large letters over the door of his classroom these words3 8,what you are to be you are now becoming40 ,he understood this principle4 ,the judgment is going on all the while4 ,we can never hope to be in the future anything else than what we are allowing ourselves to become in the present4 ,the mills of ,god do not grind so slowly as one might think4 ,from the larger point of view it may be seen that they do some of their work with surprising swiftness4 ,we cannot afford to dream away our days in the ease of thinking that life's responsibilities and tests lie far in the future4 ,we are very apt to find ourselves mistaken4 ,often they lie just ahead4 ,the events of the life of ,jesus came and went with a tragic and growing swiftness4 ,during the last few days of ,his life in ,jerusalem they seemed borne upon the current of a swiftly rushing stream4 ,to ,him things always shortly came to pass4 ,the ,christ of revelation was the same who had walked in ,galilee4 ,he had the same habits of thought4 ,this is the reason why ,he was able to crowd ages into years4 ,before ,he had fairly passed the threshold of maturity1 ,he had already succeeded in living the biggest life of all the centuries4 ,he simply understood the nearness of destiny4 ,he realized that time will not wait4 ,an old ,hebrew prophet called upon men to prepare to meet ,god4 ,we have assumed that this meeting is to be at an indefinite future date1 called the ,judgment ,day4 ,we greatly need to understand that our meeting with ,him is not only a future but also a present event4 ,each of us is repeatedly face to face with ,god4 ,all through the years we have been meeting ,him every day and hour4 ,he is the ,silent ,partner in all our upward struggles4 ,he is the ,inevitable ,factor with which we must reckon in all our considerations4 ,he is the ,absolute ,quantity to which we must relate ourselves1 and to whose standards we must conform4 ,these obligations do not belong to some far future time4 ,they belong to the present4 ,we are not dealing with a static order1 but with a progressive one4 ,we are the children of ,one who takes into consideration but one tense4 ,his word is ,,now4 ,we are not facing the future in blindness to these things4 ,the curtain has been drawn back from their real nature that we might behold it4 ,we know that the events of the future closely impend4 ,the tomorrows are at our finger-tips4 ,no dam can hold back the stream of destiny4 ,it hurries along the years so rapidly that there is never too much time to prepare for the coming of whatever its current may sweep to our feet4 ,the hand of prophecy never draws back the veil that we may look upon a lie4 ,the ,almighty does not trifle with us4 ,the revelation of the ,scriptures is of inevitable things4 ,the events which they disclose are more certain than the course of the stars and planets4 ,the sun may falter in its path1 but the plans of ,god never do4 ,one of the most serious and significant things the ,scriptures disclose is the fact that the gates of the future are not far removed4 ,they open directly before us4 ,even now our hands are upon them4 ,our feet are upon the threshold of the tomorrows4 ,objectively1 this earthly existence is merely a rapid succession of events4 ,the holidays to which we look forward with expectation1 the meetings for which we can hardly wait1 the partings that give us pain1 the joys and the woes that make up life's intermingling of sunshine and shadow1 the birthdays that register our years1 love1 toil1 death--all are things that 8shortly come to pass40 ,the years hurry onward4 ,therefore1 whatever one would do he must do quickly4 ,children and the ,church 7#aibb7 ,the strength and membership of the ,christian ,church are great1 but they are not what they should be4 ,after all1 the ,church is only a comparatively small fraction of the sum total of human society4 ,the plans of ,jesus will not have been realized and the ,kingdom of ,god will not have become an actual fact until the ,church and the race are one4 ,the ,church is growing1 but one of the evidences why there remains a great deal of ground to be possessed by the ,kingdom is to be found in the fact that the race is growing more rapidly than the ,church is4 ,it is possible for an institution to be growing and yet losing ground if its problems are growing more rapidly than its power to meet them4 ,viewed alone1 the reports on ,church membership for any single year look somewhat encouraging4 ,when one reflects1 however1 upon the growth of the race and the encroachments of paganism1 the encouragement is diminished4 ,the ,church is supposed to represent a leavening force4 ,it is quite proper to consider its mission in that light4 ,a leavening force1 however1 must not remain such4 ,its work is to leaven the whole lump4 ,a degree of failure is involved somewhere in the question4 ,otherwise1 the mission of ,christianity would have been achieved before this time4 ,the difficulty is not in the matter of learning1 for ,christian leaders were never so well trained for their work as now4 ,it does not relate to wealth1 for it has been a long while since the ,church could truly protest its poverty of silver and gold4 ,it is not even in the matter of service1 for there were never so many people working in the ,kingdom as now4 ,the ,vital ,point ,the trouble does not lie in our failure to work1 though it does lie in our failure to work to the best advantage4 ,we have toiled with the problems1 but we have not yet unitedly attacked it at the vital point4 ,that point is childhood4 ,this word of warning does not seem to be needed by the ,roman ,catholic branch of ,christendom1 for that church grows rapidly4 ,the reason for the following it has does not lie in the quality of its preaching1 for it does not emphasize the sermon4 ,it is not to be found in its form of worship1 for that is in a strange tongue and according to antiquated formulae4 ,the secret most largely lies in the persistent nurture of children in the faith of their fathers4 ,in this regard ,protestantism is lacking4 ,we have cultivated too little conviction on the question of a child's relation to the ,church and the ,christian faith4 ,we have kept our minds free and easy on the question1 until a situation has arisen to remind us that the real fruit which we desire for the ,kingdom comes not as the result of indifference but of intense effort4 ,even a democratic conception may be carried to such an extreme that it counts for nothing4 ,while ,bolshevism and ,anarchy have been tolerated under the protection of the ,state1 they have also been fostered about the very firesides of many homes4 ,we have tried to place ,protestantism upon a democratic basis1 but we must not forget that the principle of democracy does not diminish the necessity for conviction and fidelity4 ,the disregard of obligation is not freedom4 ,the mistaken notion that there is no place for religion in the child mind is already bringing forth its pitiful harvest4 ,its fruit is a generation of younger people dwelling largely apart from the ,church1 more vitally concerned with other than religious questions1 and living for ideals which are chiefly moulded by the standards of the present world4 ,whatever the ,church has meant in the progress of the race1 and many thoughtful people believe that has been much1 it will not be able to permanently maintain itself and its work unless this situation is reversed4 ,it will not normally be able to realize upon the product of any home in which no definite emphasis has been laid upon the things for which it stands4 ,we can hardly expect sustained support for the one institution dedicated to the saving of men in both this world and the world to come1 unless each generation accepts the responsibility of teaching the next a wholesome love for and a genuine devotion to its teaching and its activity4 ,one cannot say that the parents of today are not concerned about their children4 ,in most ways children were never so well cared for4 ,in this particular thing1 however1 there is a distressing neglect4 ,this is not true because parents mean to neglect any vital thing1 nor is it true because they are antagonistic to this necessity4 ,it is true because many fail to see that it is a necessity for childhood4 ,people simply blind themselves to the fact that spiritual growth requires food as imperatively as does physical development4 ,in some cases1 perhaps1 it is the result of simple neglect4 ,people are busy about so many things in these days that it does not always seem easy to give their children training in all the points requiring it4 ,some assume that the matter of religious training may properly be left to the church and the ,sunday ,school4 ,the ,necessity for ,religious ,nurture in the ,home ,religious nurture is1 however1 a matter which requires the cooperation of the home4 ,some phases of it cannot be so successfully promoted anywhere else as there4 ,pastors and ,sunday ,school teachers have a part to play in the religious education of the young1 but certain great life lessons can never issue from any other source quite so appropriately as from the loved lips of fathers or mothers4 ,nothing can be more groundless than the notion that a child should not be influenced religiously until he is old enough to settle such questions for himself4 ,ultimately he will settle them1 but his decision will be largely the result of early training4 ,home teaching and influence affect every decision one makes through life4 ,one might as well refuse to feed a child until he could declare his own choice of food as to starve his religious nature until he could choose its satisfaction in his own way4 ,certain fundamental necessities are too constant and imperative to justify waiting4 ,a life must be fed or it must perish1 and this principle holds as true with childhood as it does with age4 ,indeed the necessities of a growing life are only the more acute4 ,occasionally parents will insist that their failure to bring their children up in the ways of the ,church is the result of their own rearing4 ,they declare that it is a reaction against the strictness with which they were sent to ,church in their own childhood4 ,first1 this is a calumny against good parents who tried to lay in the lives of their children the foundations of happiness and success4 ,second1 it looks to the spiritual starvation of the younger generation1 the decadence of a fundamental instinct1 and the strangling of a necessary social institution4 ,they probably owe much of their success to the thing for which they unjustly blame their parents4 ,whoever is not physically equal to an hour or two in the sanctuary is hardly a fit candidate for the world's responsibilities4 ,we should assume a universal ,church4 ,by this ,i mean that we should assume that every child is born into the church1 to be reared in its ways and teachings1 and to be included among its numbers until he wilfully forsakes it4 ,in other words1 we should throw the chances on the right side instead of the wrong one as we have been doing4 ,it is well enough to save lost sheep1 but it is better to keep them from being lost4 ,the religious experience will take care of itself if the religious life is properly nurtured4 ,children are born for the kingdom of better things4 ,their ,maker meant us to keep them true to it4 ,he will care for their regeneration1 if we will keep them in line for it by protecting them from blighting influences4 ,the ,church's ,fourfold ,program 7#aibb7 ,to-day the ,church has her face toward the future4 ,she has a great purpose throbbing in her soul4 ,she is directed by leaders of wisdom and vision4 ,she has a program as broad as life itself4 ,that program is fourfold4 ,it is1 first1 a program of evangelism4 ,the ,church is everywhere reminding herself that the winning of souls is her prime duty4 ,this is true for many reasons1 among which two are outstanding4 ,this is the thing she has been set to do as the one means of ever really establishing the kingdom of ,god4 ,moreover1 it is the one hope she herself has of surviving to continue her work4 ,it is1 second1 a program of education4 ,one of the first commands ,god gave to nature was1 8,let there be light40 ,that command has been ringing through the creative process all the ages4 ,as the sun of warmth and light brought new strength to created things1 so the sum of knowledge brings a new blessing to the inner life of man4 ,the ,church's program of ,christian education in the home1 the ,church1 the school1 and the college1 is already bearing fruit4 ,it will do so more and more as time passes4 ,it is1 third1 a program of social welfare4 ,the ,church is striving in this day to make itself known and felt for better things in the community4 ,the organized life of the world as well as the individual life of men must be bettered by it4 ,the apostolic ,church was not a temple but a community4 ,it must be the same with the modern ,church4 ,it is1 fourth1 a program of finance4 ,it is a great thing to-day to walk about ,zion1 tell her towers1 and consider her bulwarks4 ,back of all of it is the money given by faithful servants of the kingdom4 ,what many people need for blessing of their own lives as well as for the growth of the kingdom is an adequate financial standard and program4 ,newer ,conceptions of ,religion 7#aibb7 ,we can never have a new set of principles of truth1 but we can have new discoveries of old ones and new attitudes toward them4 ,we can never change the constitution of life and nature1 but we can learn more about it and better adapt ourselves to it4 ,we cannot alter the divine plan of life and redemption1 but we can make progress in our understanding and use of it4 ,not to do so would be an inexpressible pity4 ,we do not have a new religion1 but we do have newer and more adequate conceptions of the old faith4 ,the older type of religious thinking was largely derived from the speculations of the cloister4 ,that of the present is taken directly from the facts of life4 ,the ,bible was the basis of the old1 and is the basis of the new2 but in the one case it was viewed from the quiet shadows of the cell1 while in the other it is seen from the viewpoint of the dusty road1 the busy market place1 and the domestic hearthstone4 ,in so far as the older religious thinking did take its conclusions from life1 it tended to place the stamp of divinity only on the unusual phases and outstanding experiences4 ,it saw ,god in the violence of the thunder and lightning1 but it did not always sense him in the gentle sunshine of the ordinary day4 ,it recognized him in the ecstasy of the mountaintop1 but it did not always find him in the duty of the valley4 ,it connected him with the exceptional moments1 but not with quiet hours1 prosaic tasks1 and drab days4 ,the older religious thinking tended to glorify every tense except the present4 ,it had its good old days on which it looked back with loving tenderness1 and its ,golden ,age1 toward which it looked forward with longing hope4 ,the newer thinking recognizes the value of the past and the importance of the future1 but lays its supreme emphasis upon the present4 ,it glorifies only one tense1 and that is the ,golden ,now4 ,the ,international ,religion 7#aibc7 ,the ,book of ,revelation is full of significant pictures1 but none is more so than that presented in the ,ninth ,chapter4 ,it is drawn in climaxes4 ,the first part might seem disturbing if considered alone4 ,as to whether ,god proposes to save the many or the few1 it would seem to favor the first answer4 ,john says that he heard the number of them that were sealed1 and there were only twelve thousand from each of the tribes of ,israel4 ,but let us not form our conclusions too hastily4 ,john has more to say4 ,he follows the above assertion with this3 8,and after these things ,i saw1 and behold a great multitude which no man could number1 out of every nation and of all tribes1 and peoples1 and tongues standing before the throne and before the ,lamb arrayed in white robes2 and palms in their hands40 ,this second part of the vision is the answer as to whether ,god proposes to save the many or the few4 ,from this point one might move out along any one of many lines of thought4 ,he might think of ,christianity as the religion of the masses4 ,he might think of it as the religion of the long ago with their changes and their progress4 ,he might see it as the religion of the nations4 ,this leads to the outstanding significance of the passage under discussion4 ,christianity is the international religion4 ,it is potentially so today4 ,it will be actually so tomorrow4 ,this means something finer than that ,christ will become the temporal or political ruler of nations4 ,it means more than that he will become the king or lord of any land4 ,it means he will become ,king of kings and ,lord of lords4 ,he will become the spiritual ruler of the hearts of men4 ,no power can go beyond that4 ,he will be enthroned in the hearts of peoples everywhere4 ,the ,new ,jerusalem will be world-wide in its scope4 ,the ,great ,teacher 7#aibe7 ,one day long ago a young man stepped out from the throng1 took a place on a hillside1 and began to teach the people4 ,he did it in such a way that they were amazed4 ,they said he taught as one having authority1 and not as their scribes4 ,consequently1 the common people heard him gladly4 ,from that day he has been known as a teacher4 ,the years have taught us to call him the ,great ,teacher1 for they have shown us how well that title is deserved4 ,i4 ,jesus is a great teacher because he teaches vital things4 ,the shallow and inconsequential have no place in his curriculum4 ,some spend years learning what is hardly worth the trouble1 but not in the school of ,christ4 ,whatever is presented there must really count4 ,his test of subject-matter is1 8,is it worth-while80 ,,ii4 ,he is a great teacher because he teaches in ways so simple and plain that none can mistake his meaning4 ,sometimes he speaks in the plainest expository form with nothing of embellishment and utterly void of the tricks of the rhetorician4 ,sometimes he makes it a story4 ,the narrative is always one with familiar settings and characters1 and it always makes a vital point before it is through4 ,jesus introduces a man and a truth to each other and sees that they become friends4 ,the person who can do this well is a master instructor4 ,,iii4 ,he is a great teacher because he always makes his own position clear and lets the force of his own influence fall on the right side4 ,in these days1 there are teachers who consider it a mark of scholarship to present various sides of a question and then leave the helpless student to make his own choice--and often a wrong one4 ,whether or not this is a scholarly procedure1 it certainly is not a helpful one4 ,jesus never followed it4 ,he went after the one vitally true viewpoint1 committed himself to it without reserve1 and sought to influence his hearers to do the same4 ,it is such a teacher who builds history4 ,what ,can ,we ,believe8 7#aibh7 ,one is made or unmade by his beliefs4 ,they determine his doings and shape his destiny4 ,therefore1 what we believe is a matter of vital importance4 ,the demands upon our credulity are confusing4 ,we wish to be receptive to truth1 but on our guard against error4 ,what may we believe with a reasonable degree of assurance and conviction8 ,what may safely enter into the making of one's personal faith8 ,a considerable number of claims upon our credulity may be put aside and disposed of once and for all4 ,among them are the claims which violate the evident laws of truth1 the merely controversial claims of the various ,christian groups1 the superficial formalities of observance and organization1 the vagaries of popular thought and personal opinion1 and the mental effects of the shifting tides of emotion4 ,certain things we are driven to accept by the very facts of life4 ,one of them is that back of all the wonder of the universe and of life is a great ,source1 a ,first ,cause1 a ,divine ,something that we have named ,god4 ,this ,architect of the universe has not always dwelt among clouds and thick darkness4 ,he has given us one revelation of ,himself in human terms4 ,it is the sweet spirit1 the rugged strength1 and the simple life of the ,peasant of ,galilee4 ,it is not difficult to believe in ,god when one has contemplated the story of ,jesus4 ,another is that life has its consequences1 that the results of right and wrong action are cumulative and reactive1 and that each person now and forever reaps the reward of his doings4 ,some call it the law of cause and effect4 ,others call it judgment4 ,whatever it be called1 it is not a penalty imposed1 but a result arrived at4 ,the goal one reaches depends upon the road he chooses and the direction in which he goes4 ,the day one arrives at his destination is his judgment day4 ,another is the everlastingness of spiritual values1 the chief of which is the human soul4 ,if nature treasures each atom of matter1 and across long ages does not permit one of them to be destroyed1 shall not that which transcends matter be even more jealously guarded and preserved8 ,nothing else in the universe can be destroyed4 ,how1 then1 can life be done away8 ,the ,christ of the ,sea 7#aibi7 ,it is an old and well-known story1 recounted anew each ,christmas time1 that the ,wise ,men from the ,east were led to the cradle of the infant ,jesus by a star4 ,that fact has taken a large place in ,christian imagery and symbolism4 ,but of what is a star a symbol8 ,it is suggestive of an ideal4 ,how appropriate that a star should have shown the world to the cradle of one who set it thinking about ideals8 ,jesus was a dreamer4 ,his spiritual lineage ran far back into the life of the ,jewish race4 ,the nature of ,esau was such that wherever he went1 he was haunted by his physical desires4 ,the nature of ,jacob was such that wherever he lay down at night1 even though his head were pillowed upon a stone1 he dreamed of heaven and of angels4 ,jesus was of the line of ,jacob4 ,he lived with ,his head among the stars4 ,he wasted no time in getting the current of idealism under way4 ,he began at once promoting the kind of thing the practical world calls impossible because it is right4 ,the night ,he was born angels sang of glory to ,god in the highest1 peace on earth1 and good will among men4 ,it was a warring and hating world to which they sang1 but their song was a note in the new harmony ,he had come to establish4 ,this man who walked with ,his head among the stars did and said all kinds of impractical things4 ,he said a kingdom of happiness was at hand1 but that a man had to be born again in order to see it4 ,he said the best way to save one's life was to lose it4 ,he said one should treat others as he wished them to treat him4 ,he said one should love his neighbor as well as he loved himself4 ,he told a rich1 young man to give away everything he had and consecrate his life to service4 ,the world is slowly catching the idea4 ,you cannot conquer an ideal4 ,some time it will win4 ,what was this ethereal1 star-like dream that so commanded ,his life8 ,it was a race redeemed from its sin1 ignorance1 littleness1 and woe4 ,he saw how ,his people were fettered by their own tendencies4 ,he dreamed of a day of freedom to be and achieve their best4 ,and it will come4 ,some day the world will be a picture of the vision of the ,man who lived with ,his head among the stars4 ,the light of the ,bethlehem star falls across the centuries lighting the way to a new heaven and a new earth4 ,the ,comrade ,perfect3 ,an ,appreciation 7#aibi7 ,in the 8,passage to ,india10 ,walt ,whitman speaks of the longing of the soul for the 8,comrade ,perfect10 and asks if somewhere such a comrade does not wait for us4 ,we all know perfectly well that life is not all that it ought to be without the presence of the ,personality which completes us4 ,there is such a comrade1 and ,he does something better than wait for us4 ,he comes to us4 ,the abstraction of the idea of ,god found concrete realization in ,him who was called ,immanuel1 or ,god with us4 ,all this was made more intimate still by the coming of the spirit divine1 which brought ,god not only to us but into us4 ,god does not rule the world from some distant throne but from the dusty road4 ,he does not occupy a height and frown upon ,his people in patronizing condescension4 ,he seeks a warm place in their hearts1 where ,he may guide their thoughts and actions4 ,the divine plan looks only to the constant narrowing of the chasm between man and ,god4 ,the philosophers and theologians dispute whether ,god is transcendent or immanent1 whether ,he rules from above us or beside us4 ,as is true of many arguments1 both viewpoints are right4 ,god transcends us in all power1 all knowledge1 and all goodness4 ,at the same time1 ,he is immanent in the ministry of ,jesus1 in the guidance of ,providence1 and in the presence of the ,holy ,spirit4 ,the life of ,jesus makes that plain1 for ,jesus is a picture of ,god going where men go1 living where men live1 and meeting the struggles that men meet4 ,and so ,he is the ,comrade ,perfect4 ,no one needs to be friendless in this world4 ,no one needs to be lonely4 ,we are always within speaking distance of an unfailing ,friend4 ,we need to search neither across the years nor across the miles4 ,we need only to look and listen1 and ,he is there4 ,we need only to open the way1 and ,he enters our hearts in response to our silent welcome4 ,we need only to make a place1 and ,he walks beside us1 whatever our way may be4 ,he is the great completing element in our otherwise incomplete lives4 ,four ,addresses to ,young ,people 7#aibi7 7,ages #af to #bb7 #a4 ,heralds of the ,name4 ,in one of his letters ,john speaks of those who for the sake of the ,name went forth1 taking nothing of the ,gentiles4 ,he was thinking of the already growing army of heralds of that ,name which is above every name4 ,probably1 too1 he was remembering that day by the ,sea of ,tiberius when ,jesus came by and he heard and answered the challenge to life's highest adventure4 ,no one should offer his life for special ,christian service merely because he thinks it would be nice work to do1 nor because it has been done by someone he likes or admires1 nor because someone he would like to please wishes him to do it1 nor because he thinks he can speak well or has an attractive personality for social contacts1 nor because he thinks it will serve him as a stepping stone to something else4 ,to begin on any such a basis means to be doomed to failure from the beginning4 ,it also means injustice to the work itself4 ,least of all should one enter special ,christian service because he thinks it easy4 ,that is one of the greatest possible mistakes4 ,whoever goes out to serve ,christ must prepare his soul to endure hardness as a good soldier4 ,he will discover that it is a real warfare into which he is going4 ,if he likes the thrill of adventure1 if he enjoys doing difficult things1 if privation appeals to him1 if he does not mind standing up to duty in the face of opposition and danger1 then he will like soldiering for ,christ4 ,otherwise1 he will not4 ,only one thing should lead one to dedicate his life to ,christian work4 ,it is the great compulsion4 ,one has it when he is conscious that he cannot do anything else and be quite content4 ,that was the feeling that drove ,moses to the end of the wanderings of his people1 that sent ,jeremiah to thunder the warning to a nation drifting to its ruin1 and that impelled ,jesus to the tears of ,gethsemane and the anguish of ,calvary4 ,the person who does not find it in his soul to give his life wholly to ,jesus is to be congratulated4 ,he will pluck many thorns1 but each thorn will bear a rose4 ,he will travel many hard paths1 but he will have the joyous consciousness of being a world builder for ,god4 #b4 ,the ,conditions of ,communion4 ,one day in #gcg ,b4,c4 a young man of high social standing was in the temple at ,jerusalem4 ,there he saw a vision of the ,lord upon ,his throne4 ,the experience humbled the young man's soul1 cleansed his lips1 and sent him forth to sound a warning to a people swiftly rushing to their doom4 ,the temple atmosphere furnished ,isaiah with the conditions of communion4 ,about #fbe ,b4,c41 when the storm clouds were still hovering near ,judah1 a young priest named ,jeremiah saw in the presence of the ,scythian army on ,syrian soil the possibility of invasion by them and their ,assyrian allies4 ,he warned his people of coming destruction1 at the bidding of ,jehovah1 who told him that he had been set apart for the task since before his birth4 ,the peril he saw drawing near his people furnished ,jeremiah with the conditions of communion4 ,one day a young man named ,jesus1 ,his as custom was1 entered the little synagogue at ,nazareth4 ,he was one who took part in the meeting4 ,taking the roll of the prophet ,isaiah1 ,he read from it the words of a commission to proclaim the day of ,god under the compulsion of the divine spirit4 ,as ,he read1 ,his heart told ,him that commission was ,his own4 ,jesus heard ,his great challenge to duty as ,he stood in the place of worship reading the words of those who in earlier centuries had intimately known ,god4 ,one day1 still later1 ,john saw the curtains of eternity drawn aside to reveal to him the things that must shortly come to pass4 ,three things made his vision possible4 ,he was in a quiet and secluded place4 ,it was the ,lord's ,day4 ,he was in the spirit4 ,such a situation is very apt to carry anyone within seeing and hearing distance of ,god4 ,john met ,god face to face by the fulfilment of certain fundamental psychological conditions of vision and communion4 ,on the evening of the twenty-fourth of ,may #agch1 a young man who had believed in ,god all his life1 but had sought vainly for a heart experience of faith1 went into a meeting in ,nettleton ,court1 on the ,east side of ,aldersgate ,street1 in ,london4 ,at a quarter before nine o'clock he knelt at an altar and felt his heart strangely warmed4 ,the altar of a church furnished ,john ,wesley with the conditions of communion4 #c4 ,the ,kingdom ,partnership4 ,on the day when ,moses enjoyed that high privilege1 direct communion with the ,great ,i ,am1 he heard the call of heaven to high duty and responsibility4 ,he shrank from it1 as greatness usually does4 ,true worth is seldom a candidate4 ,in church and state alike1 things go better when the office seeks the man4 ,among the reasons ,moses offered why he should not be chosen to lead ,israel from its bondage was one very commonly heard given in reply to calls to religious duty4 ,moses said he was not eloquent4 ,god was ready with a counter proposition4 ,after having a man in training for forty years the ,almighty was not to be put off so easily4 ,he proposed that ,moses should undertake the task of leadership as a man of action1 while his brother ,aaron should share it with him as a man of speech4 ,it was the old but ever-new combination of the man of deeds and the man of words--the practical leader and the spiritual one4 ,we see it later in the case of ,ezra and ,nehemiah1 and still later in the necessary partnership between the modern minister and laymen in the work of the kingdom4 ,neither type of service can be at its best unless it is in cooperation with the other4 ,in fact1 each type of service is so necessary that the kingdom suffers when these two types of ,christian workers get their functions confused4 ,it is usually a mistake for a minister to forsake the altar to serve tables1 and just as much so for a layman to forsake the things for which he is peculiarly qualified and usurp the place of the minister4 ,in the work of the kingdom1 ,moses and ,aaron each has his own function1 and his highest ministry is to perform his own function well4 ,the work of the minister is with the dynamics of ,christianity1 while that of the layman is with the mechanics of it4 ,too often each stands and debates with the other that his part is most important1 or else each envies the other his task and neglects his own4 ,the mechanics of the kingdom could not exist if the dynamics were not maintained1 and the dynamics would be wasted if the mechanics were not intelligently promoted4 #d4 ,the ,institutionalization of ,religion4 ,the selection of ,aaron as priest was a step toward religious organization4 ,as nearly as such things can be determined among the mixed currents of human history1 it was the beginning of the institutionalization of religion4 ,what has been gradually growing up in the form of spiritual vision now began to take the form of a system of rites and ceremonies1 housed in an especially designed building1 held at fixed times and under specified conditions1 and presided over by men especially selected1 qualified1 and prepared for their task4 ,subsequently1 this became a stumbling block to many people4 ,a certain type of mind easily becomes confused in its thinking and fails to recognize the difference between an institution and the thing it represents4 ,on the one hand1 the priest has sometimes made the mistake of regarding the institution as an end rather than a means4 ,on the other hand1 the man on the street has sometimes assumed that the church pretends to be the sum and substance of the faith and has1 consequently1 failed to use it as a clearing house for the service he should have rendered to ,god and his fellow men4 ,any great idea or interest1 however spiritual in its nature1 must be incarnated in an institution or it will die4 ,the life of the race could not be nurtured without the family4 ,commerce would die without the market place and the transportation system4 ,government could not be maintained without the state4 ,education could not be effected without the school4 ,religion would long ago have perished without the temple and the altar4 ,spiritual ideas do not cling to human custom4 ,an institution must make them visual1 real1 and effective4 ,such is the reason for the existence of the church4 ,the final vision of the ,book of ,revelation is of a social order without a temple4 ,we are led to think that such a day will come1 but that it will come only because the whole world shall have taken on the spirit and viewpoint of the house of worship4 ,the mission of the church is to make itself unnecessary4 ,it will be dispensable when all the world shall at last have conformed to the purposes of ,god4 ,what ,is ,happening to ,religion8 7#aibi7 ,a recent book makes the point that the old notion that science had defeated religion has been banished more by what has happened in the field of science during the last twenty-five years than by what has happened in the fields of religion and theology4 ,certain implications in this statement are worthy of consideration4 ,with all its vaunted moral ideals1 the boasted ,victorian age did develop a rather marked and dangerous hostility to religion4 ,it was the age of ,darwin1 ,spencer1 and ,huxley and1 therefore1 an age of discovery4 ,the newness of some of the conclusions it reached caused the public mind to be carried away by its own enthusiasm4 ,the pendulum is gradually coming to rest1 and the scientist now understands that a new discovery is not a substitute for ,god4 ,the greatest sobering influence science has known has been its own constant success in the field of discovery4 ,the theory of development1 at first thought to have overturned ,god's throne1 when studied was found to be full of previously unsuspected implications of the divine4 ,science discovered that it was not a substitute for ,god1 but only a new theory of divine creation4 ,the only dogmatism as prejudiced and unreasonable as that of some religionists is that of some scientists4 ,no one is more prone than the scientist to assume the finality of what is as yet only a hypothesis1 and to offer himself as a martyr to the cause of some fantastic phase of scientific fundamentalism4 ,the knowledge of science can grow1 even as may that of religion4 ,it appears to be a fact that unless the theologians gird themselves anew1 they may find the very gospel they were raised up to champion more zealously and loyally defended by the scientists than by themselves4 ,eminent scientists announcing their faith in and support of religion are a growing company4 ,the technique of the scientific laboratory forbids compromise4 ,the scientist discovers what is true and stands by it4 ,the theologian must do the same4 ,has the ,day of ,great ,preachers ,passed 7#aiba7 ,every little while we hear anew the question1 8,has the day of great preachers passed80 ,sometimes it is asked in a sincerely interrogatory spirit4 ,in other cases it is meant as an implication that the times of great preaching are no more4 ,all keen observers of social and spiritual influences know that the prophet is one of the most potent factors in the building of our destiny1 both as a nation and as a race4 ,it is1 therefore1 important that we should occasionally stop and take account of our situation as to ministerial supply4 ,the invoice should1 of course1 be qualitative as well as quantitative4 ,especially do we need to do this in a time of crisis and need like the present4 ,the past has indeed boasted some great preachers4 ,paul1 ,savonarola1 ,wesley1 ,whitefield1 ,edwards1 ,beecher1 and ,brooks--these are all men whose names stand out upon the scroll of fame with a luster which any soldier or statesman might envy4 ,they will continue to occupy an honored place in the memory of men when the names of many soldiers and statesmen have been obscured by lapse of time4 ,there is no reason1 however1 why the average of ability should vary much from one age to another4 ,changing times mold men into different types and call for new forms of service1 yet the force with which they rise to the occasions that confront them is about the same in one period as in another4 ,the preachers and the preaching of one age measure with those of another without much of discredit to either4 ,they differ in type1 but not in ability or purpose4 ,this being true1 those of the present average creditably with those of any period of the past4 ,of course1 this is doubted by some good and sincere people4 ,a number of things give seeming basis to their doubts4 ,however1 a second look at these conditions is worth while4 ,first of all1 we must recognize the common human tendency to glorify the past to the disadvantage of the present4 ,we all have reason to look out for this disposition1 but it especially besets older people4 ,something about human nature makes it prone to live in the past4 ,we are continually hearing it said or suggested that the great statesmen1 the great poets1 the great scholars1 the great preachers1 the great virtues1 and the good days are all dead and gone4 ,one may read something of this sort in the literature of ancient as well as modern ages4 ,yet the progress of the world has gone right on4 ,the fact is that we quickly forget what the past actually was4 ,when to-day becomes yesterday1 we forget its troubles and glorify its redeeming features4 ,it is well enough that we do1 yet the habit often leads us far afield of the truth4 ,if people were really called upon to live again some of the good old days they talk about so much1 they might soon conclude that the change was for the worse4 ,next1 we must remember that the standard of greatness constantly lifts4 ,it takes more to make a great man to-day than it did in other years4 ,the judgment of those who pass upon the question of a man's greatness and accord him his place in history was never so exacting4 ,the ,harvard of ,emerson's day represented about the grade of scholarship obtainable now in a good high school4 ,what then was exceptional scholarship is now commonplace4 ,it is the same with statesmen4 ,men who were outstanding in their day would seem altogether mediocre in the face of the demands of this present period4 ,in this time of widely diffused knowledge1 it takes more than it ever did before to win the name of greatness in the pulpit4 ,next1 we must remind ourselves that the minister occupies a very different place in the community from that which he held in other days4 ,he is1 therefore1 judged by very different standards4 ,of old he was apt to be the chief educator of the community1 and was judged by his learning4 ,that place is now filled by the expert educator with the best equipment money can place at his disposal4 ,he was the chief commentator on current affairs1 and was judged by the wideness of his information4 ,that place has been taken over by the editor4 ,he was often the only trained public speaker in the town1 and was judged by the polish of his oratory4 ,now the land overflows with capable public speakers4 ,the conclusion of it all is that the work of the minister has narrowed down to the one specific thing to which he is called1 the specialized service for which society must look to him alone4 ,he is not to be judged by his learning1 his familiarity with public affairs1 or his ability as a speaker1 altho he needs to possess them all4 ,the one standard by which he is measured is the question of his ability as an exponent of the ,christian religion4 ,again1 the greatness of the preacher as a prophet to-day must be in spite of certain influences which militate against it4 ,strange to say1 one of them is the general economic development of the country1 together with the prevalence of ease and prosperity4 ,our ministers1 as a rule1 have come from the poorer class of homes and from the more poorly developed sections of the country1 especially from the hills1 plains1 and deserts where solitude prevails4 ,one little hill section in the middle west has supplied most of the ministers for its own and the surrounding ,states4 ,there is a reason4 ,in fact1 there are two4 ,one is the fact that in the poorer home and countryside there is not much to compete against ,god for a boy's thought and attention4 ,young people brought up there do not enjoy many compensations4 ,they have little to make them pleasure-mad4 ,they live in a very narrow world1 and they hunger to get out and do something worth while4 ,the other is the fact that the religious consciousness is best developed in the solitudes4 ,god has often to look to the hills and the desert for men to be his leaders4 ,abraham learned to be a friend of ,god partly because he walked so much in the vast silences4 ,moses met the great ,i ,am on the mountain side4 ,it was in the hill country that ,elkanah and ,hannah reared the little lad who was to be the successor of ,eli4 ,our religion itself was cultivated in one of the poorest sections of the old world4 ,with fertile river valleys all about it1 barren ,palestine gave us our richest heritage of religious literature and leadership4 ,the men living in the richer sections might have done so1 but they were too preoccupied with wealth-getting4 ,they had no time to listen among the silences for the voice of ,god4 ,unfortunately1 the temper of the present age is not so conducive as it might be to great preaching4 ,there is a tendency to discount the value of the prophetic function manifest even on the part of some quite religious people4 ,one may find in almost any current publication a statement or inference that it is not the spoken word but the acted deed that counts4 ,the fact is that both count4 ,it took both ,moses1 the man of deeds1 and ,aaron1 the man of words1 to lead ,israel to the realization of its hope4 ,it took both ,ezra1 the scribe1 and ,nehemiah1 the cupbearer to the king1 to rebuild the walls and the temple of ,jerusalem4 ,it has always taken the prophet and the toiler together to achieve human progress in the best sense4 ,we have great preachers to-day4 ,they have terrific competition to meet1 but when one closes his ears to the clash of the noises about him he can still hear the voice of the prophet lifted clear and distinct4 ,as of old1 there are small prophets and false ones4 ,as of old1 at the same time1 there are great prophets and true4 ,however1 if we are to keep preachers and preaching great they must have every encouragement that can be given them4 ,the ,heart ,interest in ,preaching 7#aibb7 ,a great deal of otherwise good preaching fails of its purpose4 ,it may be that no flaw can be found in it from the purely homiletic viewpoint1 yet it fails to get the verdict for ,god and righteousness4 ,often this happens because the sermon has been considered as an end within itself4 ,the preacher has failed to take into account the human values involved in his work4 ,he has prepared his sermon with the one idea of making a perfect product4 ,his more successful brother has gone at the task in quite another way4 ,he has worked no less earnestly and persistently1 but he has seen more than the paper before him4 ,he has looked past his study table and beyond his book shelves out into the busy world where his people live4 ,he has seen them toiling1 hoping1 struggling1 and suffering4 ,he has thought of their heartaches and problems1 of their aspirations and difficulties1 of the drag that sordid situations and drab years put upon their souls4 ,he has felt their temptations1 their discouragements1 and their limitations4 ,his heart has gone out and felt the weight of their burden with them4 ,then he has searched ,scripture1 history1 science1 literature1 and life for something that will help them in their fight4 ,in some instances1 at least1 he has found it4 ,no wonder his work catches on and succeeds4 ,he has sensed the human side1 and seen what it is that makes the need for preaching4 ,if there were no human problems along the road that leads to ,god1 then the pulpit might as well be abolished4 ,to such a man the sermon he has prepared is not a fetish1 but a message4 ,he delivers it not merely that it may be admired1 but that it may be minted into a blessing for the people before him4 ,he knows what is in the hearts behind the ,sunday clothes down in the pews1 and he is trying to answer their questions and meet their needs4 ,the ,great ,compulsion 7#aibh7 ,what do we mean when we speak of the call to the ministry8 ,some mean a wonderful dream1 some an angel visitation1 some a strange ecstasy1 and some merely the notion that they can speak well4 ,these things may all have their places1 but they are uncertain4 ,the one sure and enduring sign is the great compulsion4 ,the ,book of ,exodus relates how ,moses as a young man went out one day and looked upon his people's burdens4 ,that was one of the great determining hours in his life4 ,it was so because when he saw his people's burdens their weight rolled onto his own heart4 ,that was the last peaceful day he ever saw1 for our peace is the price we pay for greatness4 ,thereafter1 his days and nights were troubled with that strange mingling of hope and despair that comes to a leader4 ,he was under the great compulsion4 ,john tells how an angel brought him a little book and told him to eat it4 ,he did so1 and in his mouth it was sweet as honey1 but as soon as he had swallowed it1 the sweetness changed to bitterness4 ,that is the way with the word of truth4 ,we must absorb it4 ,the study of it is sweet1 but the weight of care it lays upon us is bitter4 ,it places us under the great compulsion4 ,one morning ,jesus slipped out in the gray dawn1 stood on the slope overlooking the quiet rooftops of ,jerusalem1 and wept4 ,what so moved ,him8 ,it was the difference ,he saw between the city that was and the city that might have been1 the world that was and the world that might have been4 ,he had dreamed of better things and had discovered how difficult was their realization4 ,the great compulsion was upon ,him4 ,key words are interesting in the vocabulary of such a one as ,paul4 ,one of his favorite words was bondslave4 ,another was must4 ,a heavy sense of obligation was upon him4 ,the feeling that took the vocal form of that word drove him over land and sea1 planting the seeds of the kingdom life4 ,a great vision had gripped his soul4 ,a dream had possessed him4 ,he could never rest again1 for the great compulsion was upon him4 ,the ,minister and ,his ,reading 7#aibh7 ,what the world and the spirit of the times have done to the reading habits of the public in general1 they have also done to the minister4 ,in the case of the public1 they have sought to substitute the motion picture1 the tabloid newspaper1 and the confession magazine for the bookshelf4 ,in the case of the minister1 they seek to take the hours once devoted to the enrichment of the mind and dedicate them to the puttering things so fondly called practical duties--organizations1 promotion1 community activities4 ,where the world leaves off1 the church begins1 for it is not wholly free from infection with the virus of materialism4 ,often the very disciples of ,jesus get the idea that it is more important to make a stir in the world of today than to build life for the eternities4 ,we hear frequent complaints that there is a dearth of commanding preaching4 ,the wonder is not that there are so few challenging voices in the pulpit1 but that there are as many as there are when so many forces are joined in a giant conspiracy to throttle the spirit of prophecy4 ,there is not enough encouragement to men to be great preachers4 ,yet wherever there is a voice that speaks with authority and not as the ,scribes1 there are people to hear it1 though it be in the slums of a city or the depths of a forest4 ,there will be plenty of such voices when the world and the church allow men to get back to the reflective life1 and when ministers themselves once more determine to spend much time with the truth of ,god4 ,why did the world's crowning religion come out of a poor1 barren little country1 when there were ,egypt1 and ,babylonia1 and ,greece8 ,it was because ,israel was poor enough and secluded enough to walk with ,god4 ,the shepherd and the vinedresser caught the 8still small voice0 that was lost in the rush and roar about the merchant in the marketplace4 ,egypt was too busy with her civilization4 ,babylonia was too busy with her pleasure4 ,greece was too busy with her culture4 ,the spirit of prophecy is found where are the conditions under which men can dream dreams and see visions4 ,great preaching will never come out of a maze of material interests4 ,shall we so soon forget that the first great task of ,jesus was to win the victory over the tempting power of material things and that one of ,his last triumphant statements was that ,he had overcome the world8 ,they used to say that the ideal plan for a minister is to divide his day equally between the cultivation of his mind and the work of his parish4 ,if one would follow such a plan faithfully through a long pastorate he would have two things--a well-furnished mind and a well-developed church4 ,however1 it does not matter so much which plan one chooses4 ,it matters most that he does have a plan that provides a suitable place for reading and study4 ,it is not the present purpose to exalt the importance of reading beyond its due4 ,other interests are important1 but this happens to be a call back to books1 back to the delight of kings' treasuries and queens' gardens1 back to the refreshing that comes from truth's ever-flowing well1 back to the replenishing of those powers upon which a minister must rely when every other key to success lies broken and useless4 ,a certain college professor used to advise his students to get and use three books1 even if they could have no others4 ,he said it did not matter how cheaply made they were1 if they were only genuine and complete4 ,he told them to get an unabridged dictionary1 and study it for words2 to get a copy of the complete works of ,shakespeare1 and study it for usage2 and to get a copy of the ,king ,james ,bible1 and study it for style4 ,these1 together with a standard encyclopaedia and perhaps a good ,bible dictionary1 form the necessary foundation for any ministerial library4 ,no minister needs to be convinced of the wonders and beauties of the ,english ,bible4 ,all understand its value1 but some find it difficult to invest the time and effort necessary to that unusual understanding of its message which the ministry must have4 ,it is not difficult to show the public the charm of this wonderful book1 but the one who reveals that charm must first have seen it himself4 ,next to the ,bible comes a vast and growing field of professional material dealing with the work of the ministry4 ,this the minister must take into account4 ,if the physician1 the lawyer1 the teacher1 the business man1 or the farmer can continue to be a success only by keeping abreast of the newest thought and discovery in his field1 certainly the minister is in no position to claim exemption from the rule4 ,occasionally we hear a minister boast that he knows nothing about ,theology4 ,some even seem to regard such a claim as a qualification for the most serious and important work on earth4 ,for a minister to make such a boast is exactly as intelligent as it would be for a lawyer to advertise that he is handling cases involving property and human rights without knowing the principles of his work1 or for a physician to say that he is taking into his hands the life and happiness of human beings without a knowledge of drugs or surgery4 ,if a minister really knows nothing about ,theology1 it is wisest to conceal the fact1 if possible1 until he learns something about it4 ,a community soon spots a man who does not know his business4 ,a minister must find some way to gain a wide general information and culture4 ,the person who said that he must know everything was not far wrong4 ,this is true not only because he is preaching to an increasingly well-informed people1 but also because he must interpret ,god to all of these people in the terms with which they are familiar4 ,each of his hearers lives and works in a limited field and can get on with a knowledge of that field alone1 but the field with which the minister needs to be familiar is unlimited because it touches all the others4 ,no minister can afford to neglect good fiction4 ,it often tells more truth than fact does4 ,upton ,sinclair's ,the ,jungle did4 ,harriet ,beecher ,stowe's ,uncle ,tom's ,cabin did4 ,the parables of ,jesus did4 ,aside from its entertainment value1 fiction cultivates the imagination1 and without that1 no man can be a powerful public speaker4 ,if one will speak in pictures1 the people will hear and understand4 ,one of the reasons why the common people heard ,jesus gladly was the fact that ,his words always appealed to the imagination4 ,a minister needs all kinds of books1 including those which make one laugh4 ,let us not be victims of the idea that holiness excludes the sunshine4 ,the man who loses the song and laughter out of his life is unfit for the ministry until he gets them back4 ,clean and genuine humor should be on the minister's bookshelf and in his heart4 ,a minister should read some of the things he dislikes and with which he disagrees4 ,there is little growth in reading or hearing only what one already knows or believes4 ,one owes it to truth also to know the other side4 ,even if he is certain that the other side is wrong1 he should know its claims and how to meet them4 ,the physician must study diseases before he can apply remedies4 ,many ministers have made too few clinical observations of the error and sin that are ruining the world4 ,it is sometimes said that this kind of thing means too much religion of the head and too little of the heart4 ,you cannot separate these two things4 ,they are parts of the same4 ,physics tells us that radiant heat and light are one and the same4 ,all heat makes light4 ,all light gives off heat4 ,whatever illuminates warms4 ,whatever warms illuminates4 ,on the evening of the first ,easter1 two disciples were on their way to their simple home when a stranger drew near4 ,he took the road with them and talked to them about the meaning of the ,scriptures4 ,entering the house with them1 ,he ate1 and departed4 ,then they knew it had been the risen ,lord4 ,they said3 8,did not our hearts burn within us while ,he talked to us in the way80 ,the burning heart always goes with the understanding head4 ,one cannot face the fair page of truth1 see what ,god has wrought1 and contemplate the goodness and love of the divine heart1 with a soul unswept by the tides of spiritual feeling4 ,perhaps more tarrying at the feet of the ,great ,teacher of all truth would renew the testimony of the two disciples of ,emmaus4 ,it must be so1 for religion does not belong alone to heart or head4 ,it belongs to the whole life4 ,we may find ,god in the oratory where the soul rises heavenward upon the wings of prayer4 ,we may find ,him in the temple where arch and pillar cast dim shades about us1 and the altar lends us sanctuary from the world4 ,we may find ,him in the hour of unusual spiritual fervor and in the great emotional experience of a lifetime4 ,we may find ,him in the hot1 white field of service to the troubled1 the burdened1 and the broken among men4 ,we may find ,him in the careful statement of a creed1 the formal beauty of a liturgy1 or the simple prayer of a moment of contrition4 ,we may also find ,him in the field of thought and knowledge where we behold ,him and ,his kingdom of unsearchable riches through the magic gateway of the covers of a book4 ,preaching to ,college ,students 7#aibh7 ,preaching to college students is one of the most exacting of homiletic responsibilities4 ,this is the case not so much because students are critical as because they are the world in the making1 and the tomorrows will be just about as religious as they are4 ,by some means the message must be put across to them4 ,preaching to such a constituency is no longer the task of the few4 ,almost every preacher has more or less of it to do because the influence of the college now reaches everywhere4 ,in the university centers we deal with students in large groups1 but in the smallest country community one finds at least a few4 ,a sermon must be as worthwhile for the few as for the many4 ,so the problem is one of general interest4 ,the presence of students in his congregation should be a great blessing to a minister4 ,it is a high challenge to him to do his best work4 ,the mind of the student is alert1 and his work1 so far as it goes1 is with current data4 ,therefore1 the man who interests him must be wide awake and well informed4 ,for such an influence any minister should be deeply grateful4 ,great numbers of college students and graduates are in the churches4 ,still greater numbers are not unwilling to be1 and will be when the motive is clear4 ,but the reason must certainly be established4 ,will the student derive benefit from the sermon8 ,if not1 he is not interested and that is the end of it4 ,if so1 he is interested and will respond4 ,this is only as it should be4 ,the average student likes to be preached to and dealt with as a human being4 ,true1 the species includes a few mutations who like to think they belong to some other order of creation1 but most students know better and the rest will have abundant opportunity to learn better4 ,the college student is nothing but a boy or girl from the farm dwelling1 the village home1 or the city mansion1 translated into a campus setting4 ,the law of adaptation operates1 and certain temporary colorations1 habits and appendages develop1 all of which will pass with the next change of environment4 ,these youngsters are still flesh and blood however and it may be said of them as it may be said of anybody that their need is for the universal gospel preached in the most honest and interesting possible way4 ,the student is dealt with as such during the days of the week4 ,his professors may be depended upon not to let him forget that he is a student4 ,when the worship hour comes he is glad of an opportunity to forget it for the time being and to occupy the honorable position of a human being made in the spiritual image of his ,god4 ,it is a great mistake to preach to students in the terms and imagery of campus life4 ,the preacher who starts in to show his audience how much he has engaged in athletics1 how familiar he is with fraternity and social life1 and how finally he has solved the old and largely imaginary problem of the conflict between science and religion1 will only succeed in making himself ridiculous4 ,students do not come to church to hear about things concerning which they know more than the preacher does4 ,they come to hear about things of which he is presumed to know more than they do4 ,therefore1 the safest as well as the most helpful thing he can do is to keep to religion4 ,it is also a mistake to suppose that the student mind reacts unfavorably against serious things4 ,it may appreciate the witticism which helps to illuminate a serious point in the discussion1 and a first class reductio ad absurdum nearly always clinches a proposition1 but mere buffoonery will make a small and brief appeal4 ,the person who attempts thus to denature the gospel he preaches will not meet with permanent favor4 ,this is the case because the student mind is essentially serious4 ,one might not think so after a superficial observance of student actions1 but it is so nevertheless4 ,the very laughter and jesting one hears in student circles often mask the most earnest questionings1 the deepest longings1 and the most serious attitudes4 ,so long as one keeps himself1 as he should do1 within the limits of honest conviction1 and so long as one speaks1 as he should speak1 in the spirit of love and good will1 no other class of people in the world is so ready to have him be brutally frank as are college students4 ,in fact1 they discount him if he shows any evidence of evasion or accommodation4 ,they may be right about some things and wrong about other things1 but they are honest in all things1 and they expect him to be the same4 ,any one of the fields of thought and knowledge is a serious matter with the honest investigator4 ,it is so dealt with in the classroom and the laboratory4 ,to the student religion is just one more field to be explored4 ,if he does not care to explore it1 he does not bother4 ,if he does care to explore it1 he does not regard it as a joke4 ,the person who thus approaches it with a sincere purpose should receive honest help4 ,all this leads me to the point where ,i can say that one of the fine things about the student mind is that it has discarded all traditions and prejudices4 ,it approaches any matter with a disposition to find and face the facts1 whatever the consequences may be4 ,it is a real tabula rasa1 upon which one may write--provided he has a stylus that is sharp enough4 ,surely this is an opportunity to bring delight to the soul of the honest preacher4 ,the most deadening thing in the world1 intellectually and spiritually1 is the practice of preaching platitudes and maintaining traditions which are proven1 outworn1 or unimportant--maybe all three4 ,the most uncomfortable position in which any sincere preacher can find himself is one in which such a type of service is demanded4 ,the preacher to college students finds himself in no such position4 ,he may go anywhere he likes within the limits of the field of truth4 ,he has no traditions to maintain4 ,he is bound by no trammels of creed or dogma4 ,he is not checked by any barriers of prejudice4 ,his way is open4 ,he has but to walk in it in the spirit of reverence and honesty4 ,he is dealing with adventurous minds whose one concern is truth4 ,the mind of ,jesus was such a one1 and such an audience really challenges a preacher to approach questions in the spirit of the ,great ,teacher4 ,this is the process that is going to break down the artificialities and fan out the chaff of unreality from religion4 ,perpetuating systems is poor business1 but adventuring in the field of truth is a high privilege4 ,that is what the preacher to college students must do4 ,granted that it is in the field of religion1 his one test for homiletic material is the question whether it is true4 ,one of the most common mistakes made in the popular and superficial analysis of the student mind is the assumption that it is essentially a radical mind4 ,this often becomes the basis of a great homiletic error in preaching to students4 ,a comparative few students are radical1 just as are a comparative few taken from any group one might mention4 ,but with the mass it is not so4 ,the great majority of college students are probably more conservative than the majority of people outside the university world4 ,they think carefully1 act with deliberation1 and go quietly about their way while a few exceptions to the rule take the soap box and loudly demand the immediate reversal of all things4 ,i should say that about the last place to go to start a revolution of any kind would be the average college campus4 ,yet the campus mind is alive to the evolution that is going on in everything--including itself4 ,the student mind would be properly impatient of a static or reactionary viewpoint1 but it is little concerned with wildeyed radicalism of any kind4 ,the preacher who is most likely to reach its processes is the one who is honest1 fearless1 and open-minded1 and yet who is conservative in the sense that he abandons a position only when he has found sufficient reason for believing that another one is better4 ,the preacher who shows a conservatism which takes care to be progressive will commend himself and his message to the student hearer4 ,the presence of students in one's congregation should save him from the pitiful fate of ceasing to grow1 and thereby becoming old4 ,they are an advancing race1 and it is his privilege to advance with them4 ,if he does so1 the day will come when he can look back across the years and find satisfaction in the thought that he has had a real part in the making of the history of his and succeeding times--that of building the solidness and savour of ancient truth into the life of the new world4 ,some ,problems of the ,preacher 7#aibh7 ,the day one offers himself to ,god for the work of the ,christian ministry he takes upon himself a set of serious personal problems1 along with his problems of leadership and service4 ,he proposes to do ,god's work1 and that means also to be ,god's man4 ,he must be that amid difficult conditions1 under constant scrutiny1 and in the face of frequent misjudgment4 ,one of his problems is to keep the spirit of reverence in his life4 ,human nature tends to handle ever more familiarly the things with which it has to do4 ,nadab and ,abihu would have been afraid to offer strange fire if they had not allowed themselves to become too familiar with the things of the sanctuary4 ,god1 the church1 and human hearts are all things our relationship to which should hush our souls4 ,another of his problems1 and one of his chief ones1 is to keep the stamp of reality upon himself and his ministry4 ,holy tones1 unnatural attire1 and affected mannerisms are all banes to the ministry4 ,they have cost many a man his usefulness1 and limited that of many others4 ,the church would gain immeasurably if today every one of her army of ministers would undertake in a simple human way to represent normal manhood at its best4 ,certainly that is what ,jesus did4 ,another of his problems is that of his social contacts4 ,if he does not appear in public he is branded as a recluse4 ,if he appears too much he becomes known as a loafer4 ,he must find the golden mean4 ,to know how much to appear1 how to appear1 when to appear1 and the secret of mingling and dealing with people of all kinds without compromising one's self with any is a fine art1 and happy is the one who masters it4 ,still another of his problems is how to keep growing4 ,too many ministers become unacceptable in middle life1 not because they have aged1 but because they have ceased to grow4 ,the most pitiful thing about these men is that none of them seems to know quite what is wrong4 ,such a time need not come4 ,it does not come to those who read1 and think1 and keep interested in and sympathetic toward the life of a growing world4 ,the ,ambassador 7#aibi7 ,a minister is an ambassador of the ,kingdom of ,god to the kingdom of this world's life4 ,if he will remember that1 and act accordingly1 it will both save him from many mistakes and help him to many successes4 ,an ambassador has just one business4 ,it is to represent1 without wavering1 change1 or compromise1 the interests of his country at a foreign court4 ,if he allows himself to become more loyal to the people to whom he goes than to the ,ruler who sends him1 he is worse than a poor ambassador2 he is a traitor4 ,the pitiful message of the story of ,the ,golden ,calf is that a spiritual leader forgot that his business was to serve ,god1 and surrendered to the idea that it was to please the public4 ,the ambassador must remember that he is at a foreign court4 ,that means that he cannot engage indiscriminately in what others do1 that he must not become too deeply rooted in the alien life4 ,he must keep his affections and loyalties fixed where they belong4 ,at the same time1 since he is among strangers1 and since he is his own country incarnated in flesh and blood before them1 he must be courteous and seek to make his every word and act worthy of their respect4 ,an ambassador is often called a diplomat4 ,indeed1 a poor diplomat could not be a good ambassador4 ,frequently he has exacting and sometimes he has strained situations to handle4 ,he must do so in the least offensive way and1 at the same time1 in the way best calculated to carry the point for his ,king4 ,for1 above all1 an ambassador must be faithful to his own country4 ,he must not involve it1 nor compromise it1 nor surrender its interests in any way4 ,while he must properly respect the country and people to which he is accredited1 his business is to cooperate in establishing and maintaining the supremacy of his own government4 ,it is a wonderful thing to be a minister1 because a minister is an ambassador of the ,kingdom of ,god4 ,let the ,minister ,know ,life 7#aibi7 ,the young ministers used to have to learn ,hebrew1 ,greek1 and all kinds of ponderous tomes of ,theology4 ,now they must learn1 instead1 the technique of the various practical enterprises in which the church is engaged4 ,probably a young minister needs to know something of both4 ,but he needs to know another thing4 ,he needs to know life4 ,no man is prepared to engage in the cure of souls until he has seen the world as it is2 until he knows what saints and sinners alike are doing1 saying1 and thinking2 and until he has seen1 understood1 and felt for human life at its best and at its worst4 ,unless he has seen and known these things1 he is like a man trying to practice medicine without having observed how the body is built and without having looked not only on the beauty of its health but also upon the horror and loathsomeness of its diseases4 ,to look upon these things may not be pleasant1 but to be helpless against them is less so4 ,a minister is not a near-angel to be perfumed and laid away in tissue paper for fear of some contamination4 ,he is a physician to the spiritual lives of men4 ,he has a real battle to fight4 ,he has conditions to face that are ugly1 and fierce1 and perilous4 ,what can he do with them unless he knows about them8 ,what can he know about them if his experience is limited to leading the devotions for society meetings and wearing correct dress at afternoon teas8 ,a minister needs to go about1 less as a minister and more as a man4 ,he needs to see1 and hear1 and know enough to understand the mind and heart of the world4 ,after a young minister graduates from the seminary and before he begins his public work1 he may need to go to the solitudes for meditation1 but he needs also to do another thing4 ,he needs to go down where men live their lives and1 keeping his own heart clean1 learn at first hand what are the problems that he must help them to solve4 ,the ,yielding of ,aaron 7#aibi7 ,the story of the golden calf is a familiar one4 ,moses was holding a meeting with ,god--a habit that began with the burning bush4 ,his absence was prolonged4 ,the people grew restless4 ,they felt that the cure lay in worship1 but why not worship with a little novelty in it8 ,why not get out of the rut8 ,so they brought their jewelry to ,aaron and besought him to make them a golden god4 ,the idea of an unseen ,god was too difficult for them4 ,too1 a golden god would be much easier to get on with4 ,it would lay down no laws and make no ethical requirements4 ,too1 golden gods were the style among their neighbors4 ,they asked him to make them such a god4 ,then ,aaron made the mistake of his life4 ,as a spiritual leader1 he should have been listening to see what ,god would say4 ,but he turned his ear toward the congregation instead1 and listened to see what the leading members would say4 ,his business was to lead the congregation up to the foot of ,god's throne4 ,but he allowed himself to be persuaded to attempt to reduce ,god to the level of human weakness and ignorance4 ,one of the supreme temptations of every religious leader is to seek public approval by the adaptation of the principles and standards of religion to public tastes1 ideals1 and desires4 ,a thousand voices are raised on every side to urge him on in his error4 ,the path of salvation is still a straight and narrow way4 ,all that we can do or say will not change that fact4 ,when we widen it1 plant primroses in it1 and take the stones out of it1 we no longer have a path of salvation4 ,then real followers of ,god no longer care to walk in it4 ,they like the challenge of the harder road4 ,we cannot adapt ,god to the world4 ,whoever tries it fails1 just as ,aaron did4 ,we cannot change truth1 nor make over religion1 nor revise the divine law4 ,the ,god ,isaiah saw in the temple was high and lifted up4 ,the fact that ,isaiah did not wait for the ,lord to come down to his level1 but began the long climb up to ,god's level1 is what made the prophet great4 ,the ,necessary ,asset--,friends 7#aiag7 ,you cannot get on in the world without friends4 ,you tread the golden bridge of friendship over many a chasm which could not otherwise be crossed4 ,friendless people must always languish on the side of hopelessness4 ,friendships do not come by chance1 and neither do they force themselves upon you4 ,friendship1 like everything else worth while1 is the reward of proper effort4 ,friends must be made in the spirit of unselfishness4 ,they are an advantage1 it is true1 but they must not be sought merely for purposes of advantage4 ,nothing wins friends so well nor keeps them so long as the unselfish disposition to be helpful4 ,the most valuable friend is the friend who is one for friendship's sake alone4 ,a strong friendship is seldom effervescent4 ,the cordiality which is always foaming over is apt to have about the consistency and permanence of the foam which it resembles4 ,the best type of friendship is poised1 constant1 steady1 and true to the end4 ,dependability is worth more in friendship than is mere demonstration4 ,you can expect this quality in others only when it characterizes your own attitude toward others4 ,when you speak of an absent friend1 it would be well to imagine him present and listening to what is being said4 ,speak as gently of those who do not hear as of those who do4 ,speak frankly to the friend beside you1 for insincerity never yet aided a friendship4 ,speak kindly of the friend who is away from you1 for unkind speech has yet to win its first victory for the speaker4 ,speak of your enemies as though they were your friends1 and some day they may become your friends4 ,a kindly tongue and a helping hand for all would soon garland the earth with sunshine and happiness4 ,building a ,world ,brotherhood 7#aiah7 ,among the most valuable results of a thing are often those which are classed as bi-products4 ,this is true of a certain inevitable social effect of ,christianity4 ,that effect is brotherhood4 ,the natural tendency of the ,christian religion is to make men understand the fact that from the beginning they were created brothers4 ,as far it fails to accomplish this task1 it will have failed of its social purpose4 ,as far it succeeds1 it will have wrought the foundations of the better day4 ,such is the tendency of the ,christian faith1 because ,jesus recognized no artificial and arbitrary barriers4 ,the lines across which nations and social classes scorned to step he threw out of his consideration1 and crossed them regardlessly4 ,in his estimation of things1 a man was a man4 ,he could be no more and there was no disposition to ever rate him as less4 ,the world has arrived at this viewpoint slowly1 but as surely as it does arrive at this viewpoint1 its strifes will cease4 ,wars and troubles come from clannish exclusiveness and class hatred and distrust4 ,when those who belong to such classes as capital and labor forget their social differences and emphasize their fraternal relations1 they will forget that they were ever pitted against one another4 ,the only way the problem can ever be solved is by the elimination of the caste lines which separate the contending elements4 ,the employer must remember that the workman is a capitalist in time and muscle1 and the employe must remember that his employer is also a workingman4 ,the ,laughing ,man 7#aiai7 ,shakespeare was a prophet of many ages beside his own2 ,dickens was a champion of the lowly and oppressed2 ,scott was a delicate weaver of the fairy fabric of romance2 but ,victor ,hugo was an analyst of human life and experience4 ,without adornment or polish1 his books are cross-sections of the feelings and doings of men4 ,his knife cuts deep enough to reveal the workings of the inner laws4 ,in ,jean ,valjean1 the criminal1 we have the story of a man who taught the world how low a man can fall and how well a fallen man can rise4 ,in ,gwynplaine1 the laughing man1 we have the story of one who taught the world how close may be the relation between the laughing countenance and the serious spirit4 ,in the story of ,gwynplaine two things stand out supremely4 ,the first is the power and significance of a smile that could not come off4 ,the second is the supreme importance and sacredness of humanity4 ,the smile that could not come off was written upon his countenance with a knife4 ,gwynplaine was the son of an ,english nobleman4 ,stolen when a baby by a band of wandering showmen1 he was trained for exhibition4 ,they operated upon his helpless baby features and shaped them into a perpetual grin4 ,from that day forth1 no matter what were the feelings within him or the outlook in the path ahead of him1 he carried a laughing face4 ,he had been fashioned into a curiosity1 but in some ways a very wholesome kind of curiosity4 ,had the story of ,gwynplaine never done more than to remind the world of the value of laughter1 it would have served its time and purpose well4 ,no generation can well get on without those who make it their business to keep the smiles alive on the faces of the people4 ,the world may laugh at them and pass them by as clowns1 but the ages will have to honor them for having kept weary hearts hopeful when everything seemed to be crumbling away beneath them4 ,the place of the humorist in literature is sometimes placed at a discount1 but not properly so4 ,the maker of fun whose humor was clean and genuine is a benefactor of his age1 not to say a minister of righteousness4 ,the hand of ,justice lays an unfading wreath of honor upon the grave of the man who has helped to keep the world glad4 ,he has planted roses where otherwise there would have been only thorns4 ,he has scattered beauty and light where otherwise the shadows would have been left to reign supreme4 ,one of the chief points in the story of ,gwynplaine1 however1 was the fact that his smile was permanent and unfading4 ,it was written indelibly upon his features and could be affected by no tempest either of joy or pain4 ,his soul might be weary and his courage dead1 but the world could never find it out by looking at his face4 ,however often he may have been a troubled man1 through it all he was a laughing man4 ,it is all well enough to smile when one is gay1 but the real hero is the one who keeps on smiling after the world has turned blue before his gaze4 ,anyone can look happy when he is happy1 but only the unusual man can keep a merry countenance when hopes die1 ties are sundered1 dreams crash in shattered fragments1 and the rich promises of life prove to have been empty mirages of vain expectation4 ,the smile 8that cannot come off0 is the smile worth while4 ,the happiest-faced woman ,i ever knew was one whose life story would cast a tremor of dread upon any company4 ,she had faced her floods of sorrow1 had shed her tears1 and then had come off with the victory of an undying cheerfulness which never inflicted upon another the troubles which had been hers4 ,one day it was discovered that ,gwynplaine1 the wandering showman1 was a man of noble blood4 ,as such1 he was entitled to a seat in the ,house of ,lords4 ,on the night when he went to take his seat among the peers of ,england1 many curious eyes were fastened upon his grinning features4 ,he sat and listened to the speeches4 ,eloquent things were being said1 but they did not bear the note of thoughtfulness of the needs and rights of the lowly4 ,these were men who had never tasted the lot of the poor4 ,he could never forget the need and the neglect which he had seen and known4 ,then a dramatic thing happened4 ,gwynplaine rose in his place as though to speak4 ,a suppressed titter swept over the great chamber4 ,he opened his lips and began to speak4 ,at the sound of his words the wave of merriment subsided4 ,they carried a burden of heartbreak1 though they fell from grinning lips4 8,my lords10 he said1 8,i bring you news--news of the existence of mankind40 ,this was the message the assembly needed to hear4 ,executive chambers and halls of legislation had been all too slow in welcoming it4 ,when it came1 it fell from the lips of a noble showman with a perpetual grin upon his face4 ,gwynplaine had a full heart1 and it was full of the needs and the burdens of men4 ,one word was ringing back and forth through the chambers of his thought4 ,that word was ,humanity4 ,in it was represented the outstanding fact in human thinking--the fact of the existence of humanity4 ,it suggested the highest aim of all government--the good of humanity4 ,it pointed out the path of all proper human endeavor--the advancement of humanity4 ,humanity has been the one great concern of the ,almighty ,himself4 ,he measures the good or the evil of a thing by the question of its helpfulness or its hurtfulness of people4 ,he brooded over the race until it grew to manhood4 ,when it sinned ,he suffered for it4 ,he has never hesitated to go to any length for the sake of people4 ,such is also the spirit of those who enter into the secrets of ,his plans4 ,the word humanity is not limited to a fortunate few1 but it includes those of every station2 it does not refer to a single race or color1 but it has a place for all mankind2 it does not mean a given economic or industrial class1 but it covers the cases of employer and employe alike2 it does not stop at a given social caste1 but in its plan one is as good as another4 ,humanity includes all men1 and the person who has never yet taken it into his heart has not yet developed as great a heart as the man of the future will find it necessary to have4 ,humanity knows no dividing line1 and whoever lays them down will simply sow the seeds of sorrow and trouble4 ,class consciousness is an evil thing1 no matter by what class it is possessed4 ,wars come from national lines of division in sympathy and fraternity4 ,strifes come from industrial and social dividing lines4 ,there is no place in the creative plan for jealousy and enmity4 ,the world can never come to its golden year until it has made manhood the one basis for the estimate of a man4 ,it must recognize good as good1 and evil as evil1 regardless of where they are found2 it must hold light to be light and darkness to be darkness1 whosoever they may be2 and men must be recognized as the most important element in the scheme of things4 ,when the day of settled peace comes again1 and the world once more sits clothed and in its right mind1 our business will be the protection1 nurture1 and uplift of humanity4 ,meanwhile1 may there come some teacher who can lead the peoples to think of one another in terms of fraternity1 and teach each man to think of each other man as a neighbor and to trust him as a friend4 ,the ,safe ,foundations for a ,league of ,nations 7#aiai7 ,the thinking majority of people in ,america and among other nations know very well what they want4 ,a designing minority may be willing to continue the bloodthirsty ways of the past for reasons of either personal gain or private preference4 ,the thoughtful majority1 however1 desire some reasonable assurance that the peace of the world will not again be broken4 ,an intelligible plan for world peace has for a long while been taking shape in the minds of unselfish national leaders4 ,the war and the new world conditions occasioned by it have crystallized that plan into a purpose4 ,we call it the ,league of ,nations4 ,it will be1 so to speak1 a kind of ,united ,states of the ,world4 ,the plan is a promising one4 ,many far-seeing thinkers wished for it years before the outstanding national leaders were influenced by a world emergency to become champions of it4 ,it simply means the extension of our organization for common protection1 welfare1 and progress into international proportions4 ,between individuals we have succeeded in reducing brawling to a minimum4 ,the same means1 internationally applied1 will reduce it to a minimum between nations4 ,we have declared that individuals shall not carry weapons to the menace of others4 ,we can tell nations that they too must lay aside their guns for the good of the public peace4 ,we have established means whereby offenders can be brought to justice and disputes settled between individual litigants4 ,we can establish the same means for preventing lawbreaking and for the settlement of disputes in the case of nations4 ,we have established police power to enforce the decrees of our local1 state1 and national courts4 ,international law can be given the same authority in the same way4 ,we will not be wise to conclude1 however1 that all we need is a ,league of ,nations4 ,no mere material organization can constitute complete assurance that men will henceforth live at peace with one another4 ,such an organization would be a great force4 ,as in the case with local1 state1 and federal laws1 its mandates would keep some people at peace through their good will and others through their fear of the consequences of disobedience4 ,it will take more than a ,league of ,nations1 however1 to make the peace of the world certain and permanent4 ,this is true because the issues of life are spiritual4 ,the strongest forces are not physical4 ,the force of opinion is greater than the power of guns1 and the union of spiritual attitudes and standards is stronger than any bond of mere organization4 ,the value of whatever solution for our problem we may adopt will be determined not so much by the plan itself as by the spiritual basis of the plan4 ,if the hearts of men are not right toward one another1 the vision of peace will be as idle a dream as it was in the past years4 ,if the relations of men1 one with another1 are right1 then we may feel that the peace of the world is already assured4 ,we may have an organized super-state4 ,the true super-state will exist1 however1 not in the outward form of any organization but in the spiritual attitude of the hearts of men4 ,in other words1 if it is to exist at all1 it must exist in the fact of brotherhood and in the conditions generated by the fraternal spirit4 ,the true super-state might as well be called the kingdom of love4 ,it can be nothing else and fulfil its mission4 ,the wreck of the ,german ,empire is the ruin of an attempt to found a super-state upon the wrong basis4 ,germany smothered the fraternal spirit1 prostituted genius1 reduced her schools to media for her propaganda1 and killed the idea of unselfishness in the minds of her people4 ,she bent everything to the making of an empire which was to be the wonder of the world in power1 wealth1 and efficiency4 ,like the presumptuous ,babel of an older day1 this audacious plan fell in scattered ruins1 after having been the means of drenching the world in blood4 ,whoever allows his mind to harbor a dream of power1 wealth1 efficiency1 or commercial supremacy on any other basis than that of brotherhood should remember the name of ,germany and take due warning4 ,a new world is now in process of building4 ,whatever we may have in it1 we should permit the presence of nothing which does not rest upon a fraternal foundation4 ,if we have to choose between being a people of tender hearts and possessing the glory and dominion of the world1 we can best afford to choose to be people of tender hearts4 ,the spirit of malice and distrust was the powder train by which the magazine of the world's fury was exploded4 ,the hands of both the crafty and the foolish helped to lay it4 ,it has always been so1 and will always be so until such work is done no more4 ,while men distrust one another1 look for unworthy motives in one another1 or talk of and prepare for war with one another1 there will be no end of strife4 ,when men of all classes1 nations1 and races learn to genuinely love one another1 the day of strife will cease4 ,some wars have been wars of punishment1 but when the people of the earth learn to do right1 there will be nothing to punish4 ,with the life of the world actuated by unselfish motives1 there will be no need for the avenger to march on errands of death1 made necessary by some outrage or injustice4 ,until that time1 peace will remain dim in the promise of any plan that we can formulate4 ,is there any reason why men should not do right8 ,if duty were impossible1 all creation would be a mockery and a moral contradiction4 ,other wars have been wars of contention1 but when men deal justly there will be no longer anything for which to contend4 ,the goods of the world may be very rich and lovely1 but they are worth neither the price of life nor the stigma of murder4 ,it is better1 even for nations1 to have less and have it honestly1 to possess less and live in a world safe for each generation and its posterity4 ,when the hearts of men are right1 our economic systems will also be right4 ,every man will get his share and be content with it when he gets it4 ,when the dream of world brotherhood has become a fact1 we shall often think with a bitter surprise of the bickerings and misunderstandings of yesterday4 ,the path to that time is the road of the heart4 ,the only way to realize such an age is to begin to live its spirit4 ,we shall have a world fraternity only when we all begin to be brothers4 ,this will be a happy world when it becomes a kindly-hearted world1 and it will never be a wholly happy one until it fulfills this law4 ,the formula is simple and the conditions are plain4 ,the time has come for selfish men to surrender their selfish ways and purposes4 ,the service of self and the road of malice have been proven failures4 ,they offer nothing which is permanently worth while1 and they lead to endless trouble4 ,for ages we have talked love4 ,our words will remain a mockery until we adopt it as a principle and apply it in life's affairs4 ,the time has come to take that forward step4 ,the world is ready for anything that spells deliverance1 and nothing will deliver humanity save rightness of heart4 ,we had better make a garden of the world than to turn it into a vast cemetery for the bodies of the slain4 ,let us have a ,league of ,nations1 but let us build it on a safe foundation4 ,is ,it ,nothing to ,you 7#aibi7 ,there is a type of mind which insists that it cannot understand why it matters to some of us what others eat1 and drink1 and do4 ,it represents us as troublesome meddlers in the private affairs of our neighbors1 and insists that none of the so-called evils of the time need trouble us in the least if we would attend to our own business4 ,our motive in seeking legislation to control the various evils that plague society has little to do with the question of the private rights of others4 ,we care because we wish people well and naturally prefer to see them doing credit to themselves1 but that alone would never lead us to organize reform associations1 agitate reform questions1 and seek the enactment of sumptuary laws4 ,we do these things for three reasons4 ,one is the fact that we too have to live in the world and be affected in many ways by the good or evil of its life4 ,we have to help meet the cost of evildoing1 endure the conditions which it creates1 and suffer the general defeat of our ideals before its attack4 ,the second reason is the fact that we care into what kind of a world we send our posterity to live4 ,we may not care what a neighbor eats and drinks1 but we do care very much what favorable or unfavorable conditions our children will have to meet when we are no longer here to help them4 ,the third reason is the fact that what our neighbor eats1 and drinks1 and does1 affects not only him1 and not only us1 but all mankind4 ,each individual transgression writes itself into the world life4 ,so far as we are concerned1 regrettable as it is1 the man who insists on poisoning his body might go on getting to the last whatever satisfaction it affords him4 ,but we are concerned because he passes the poison on to his children and to other people's children4 ,he degrades the life of society1 makes his community less desirable1 and even lowers property values in his neighborhood4 ,in all these things we also have an interest4 ,by all these things we and ours are profoundly affected4 ,why should we not care8 ,what ,makes a ,city8 7#aibi7 ,there is an old story about a town that had a high cliff from which was visible a particularly beautiful view4 ,the citizens of the town1 being enterprising people1 decided to capitalize on this natural asset1 and so they proceeded at once to make it a talking point in favor of their city as a show place and one desirable for residence4 ,the advertising was effective4 ,from far and near1 people came to get a glimpse of the famous view4 ,needless to say1 they spent their money while they were in town1 and the business men around the square were able to note a change for the better in their bank balances4 ,it turned out1 however1 that viewing the scenery from this cliff was not without its dangers4 ,the precipice was high1 and at its foot1 the rocks were hard and rough4 ,one day a visitor fell from the top of the cliff4 ,his mangled body was picked up from the rocks below4 ,the story went the rounds1 and business began falling off4 ,the merchants got together and agreed that they must do something4 ,they decided to organize a campaign and raise money to build a hospital and provide an ambulance to take care of casualties4 ,they did so1 and with due advertising1 business again picked up4 ,one day someone suggested that a better thing would be a railing along the top of the cliff to keep people from falling4 ,the railing was built1 and there were no more accidents4 ,but the people of the town shook their heads doubtfully and said that it seemed a great pity1 after having gone to so much expense for a hospital and an ambulance and having advertised them so widely1 to have no further use for them4 ,greatest ,factors ,are ,not ,bank ,balances and ,buildings ,what is of importance about a city8 ,the most important thing is not its views1 its parks and drives1 its public buildings1 nor its commercial leadership1 but its people4 ,and what makes a city8 ,the greatest factor is not its bank clearings1 its shipments of live stock1 its factories1 its stores1 nor the extent of its public improvements1 but the care it takes of and the safeguards with which it surrounds its people4 ,a city is not made of streets1 but of those who walk on them2 not of stores1 but of those who trade in them2 not of machinery1 but of those who drive it2 not of houses1 but of those who live in them4 ,a city is its people4 ,it is exactly as good or bad1 as strong or weak1 as desirable or undesirable1 as enduring or temporary1 as are they4 ,with them it will go forward or backward1 be an object of admiration or contempt1 stand or fall1 live or die4 ,the most important question before a city is not what its population can be made by #aicj1 nor what advantages it can obtain from the next session of the state legislature1 nor how much money the merchants can take in by organizing a bargain day or giving a street fair4 ,the most important question is how well founded are the homes1 how normal is the type of life1 how idealistic are the labors of the people1 and how safe are the children and youth wherever they may go about the town8 ,how many are being helped8 ,how few are being exploited8 ,when ,john ,smith of ,chicago or ,abe ,hopkins of ,punkin ,center considers moving to a town to reside1 to accept a position1 to go into business1 or to put the children in school1 the uppermost question in his mind is how good a place is it in which to maintain a home8 ,how safe a place is it in which to rear children8 ,in school1 on the street1 in their social contacts1 will their best interests always be conserved8 ,only one thing constitutes a satisfactory answer to these questions1 and for it1 there is no adequate substitute4 ,it is high grade life lived by high grade human beings4 ,where that is present1 it will reveal itself in every movement and institution4 ,if it is absent1 no boulevard mileage1 or volume of business1 or number of railroads can make up for the lack of it4 ,failure in ,homes ,breeds ,necessity for ,substitutes ,cities often point with pride to the number and costliness of their substitutes for home life1 but a far more prideworthy thing would be the prevalence of a home life so beautiful and adequate as to require no substitutes4 ,the substitutes are all very well for those who are homeless or who are too crude and dull to appreciate the blessing of home1 but they should not be needed by the mass of normal and average persons4 ,practically all the institutions for social amelioration and correction are parts of a widespread and inadequate attempt to make up for the failure of the home4 ,the family is unloading more and more of its responsibilities on the school1 church1 and community4 ,moreover1 its unwillingness or inability to discharge its duty creates the necessity for and the expense of juvenile courts1 reform schools1 and crime waves4 ,therefore1 whenever one truly refers to a city as one of homes1 he is making a statement of commanding importance4 ,a real city of homes is one with a minimum of social problems because1 as a rule1 the highest grade of character and life is developed in the home atmosphere4 ,a city of homes is one whose people have some concern about the place occupied and the work done in the community both by themselves and their children4 ,they are responsible citizens1 and for such citizenship1 there is no substitute4 ,such people constitute a railing at the top of the cliff4 ,all this may seem to be merely talk about ideals1 and it is4 ,ideals are the most necessary and important things in the world1 even for a city4 ,moreover1 they have the highest cash value of anything with which we have to do4 ,lack of ,idealism ,is ,expensive ,the lack of idealism is the most expensive thing the people of any city can have on their hands4 ,the lower the level of idealism1 the more bad bills are made at the stores1 the greater number of thefts is committed with thievery's double cost to the community1 the greater is the amount of fraud1 and the higher is the degree and1 therefore1 the cost of crime4 ,speaking from the financial viewpoint alone1 and taking no account of the other and greater values involved1 anything that breaks down the idealism of a city costs it heavily in money4 ,the business man who helps to inaugurate an evil with the thought that it will bring him profit will live to realize that1 for every dollar of profit it brings him in trade1 it will cost him a dollar in taxes and toward the suppression of crime and undesirable conditions4 ,such is the result of the coming of undesirable persons1 practices1 and situations to a community4 ,the addition to the population1 permanently or temporarily1 of a rough and rude element with no ideals of conduct1 no standards of sobriety1 no regard for the sanctity of the ,lord's ,day1 and no respect for property rights has never profited a city yet4 ,if you want thieves1 hoodlums1 and libertines1 create a low standard of ideals in the community1 and you will get them4 ,your jails1 poorhouses1 and insane asylums may serve in the place of a hospital and ambulance to take care of the casualties1 but a high level of idealism would be a railing along the top of the cliff to save the people4 ,the history of the ages is the story of the progress of the human race from the ,garden of ,eden to the ,new ,jerusalem1 from the status of a perfect garden to that of a perfect city1 from a simple but happy primal state to a complex but ideal social order4 ,the drift of life is to the city4 ,the farm is giving its products1 but it is also giving its sons and daughters to the town4 ,the drift of life is to the city4 ,when the race has reached the climax of its progress1 that condition will be a perfect city--a city of justice1 righteousness1 truth1 faith1 and brotherhood4 ,it will have beautiful buildings1 broad avenues1 flowering parks1 and prosperous institutions1 but its real glory will be the quality of its people4 ,destiny is waiting on the city to become all this4 ,what dizzy distances it will have to travel4 ,it will have to fling aside the acknowledged domination of ,mammon4 ,it will have to get spiritual ideals and human values back into the first place where they belong4 ,each promoter of the interests of a city is advertising a precipice from which people may stumble to their doom1 or pointing with pride to the beautiful hospital and ambulance provided by the magnanimous people to take care of the maimed and broken1 or building railings along the tops of cliffs to keep people from falling and to make the place safe1 even for the young1 the weak1 and the blind4 ,which one of these things are you doing for your town8 ,capitalizing ,war for the ,tobacco ,trade 7#aiai7 ,the effect of war in the battle zones themselves is hardly less definite than that which it exerts among the home populations of the nations involved4 ,with no uncertain hand it writes its name across the commercial and social life of a country4 ,there is hardly a phase of thought and activity which does not show marked reaction to war conditions4 ,for one thing1 a war always offers a name and a flag under which profiteers and promoters undertake to sail4 ,some find their boats capsized early in the struggle4 ,others have a sufficient following to keep their business popular and are able to establish their enterprise in more or less permanent comfort4 ,vendors of wares both helpful and harmful take occasion to push the sale of their products in the name of patriotism4 ,riders of hobbies both innocent and perilous take excuse to encourage both their own habits and the weaknesses of their fellow citizens4 ,this is always done in the name of patriotism1 even though the effect may be altogether antipatriotic4 ,a certain advantage can be taken at a time when everyone is afraid of being misjudged4 ,like the undertaker's bill1 such things are often brought forward at a time when everyone feels that he must swallow the dose and ask no questions4 ,during the recent conflict it became a widespread habit to advertise various products in the name of patriotism4 ,we were told that the person who wanted to be patriotic must wear a certain brand of clothes1 drink a prescribed blend of coffee1 and shave with a given make of safety razor4 ,if the ,government gave an enterprise the slightest encouragement or patronage1 it was featured to the limit4 ,the tobacco companies were not long in taking advantage of the opportunity presented4 ,during the war we were continually told that the soldiers in our splendid national army considered tobacco a necessity4 ,then not only the element possessing double-jointed moral convictions but also many who had stood for high ideals fell victims to the contagion4 ,even church workers took to sending to sons what their mothers had prayed might never enter their lives and what leading magazines have been refusing to advertise just as they have refused to advertise intoxicating liquors4 ,naturally1 the members of the national army who had considered tobacco a necessity at home also considered it so abroad4 ,just as naturally1 those who had not used it at home would not have cared for it abroad4 ,the demand was by no means of the one-hundred-percent variety4 ,when ,i think of the number of men who never knew the taste of tobacco until it was forced upon them by some well-intentioned but misguided war agency1 ,i cannot believe that the demand for it was universal4 ,when ,i hear parents testify that their sons were untouched with the desire for tobacco until they were influenced to use it in the army1 ,i cannot help feeling that much of the insistence upon it had its origin only in artificially induced public opinion4 ,the capitalizing of a war to the advantage of a trade depending for its profits on human weakness had an outstanding instance at the time of the ,civil ,war4 ,however wise a provision for the ,federal finances the leaders of that day may have thought they were making1 the fact is that the internal revenue on intoxicating liquors fastened the business on the country for many years4 ,it so got its fingers upon our throat that we have not yet wholly shaken them loose4 ,it has robbed us of far more money than it ever gave us4 ,it has at the same time ruined what was worth much more to us than all our gold--the life and happiness of our people4 ,there are those among us who suspect that much of the late demand for tobacco did not come from the army at all but that it was conceived in the minds and fostered under the guiding care of representatives of the tobacco trade4 ,so successful was this effort and so meekly did the country as a whole fall into line with the program that it now looks as if another taint is fastened upon us for at least the lifetime of the present generation4 ,though it may be admitted that the evil is less serious than that of ,civil ,war days1 it is by no means to be considered negligible4 ,the facts disclosed by the physical examination of millions of our men should have made us more careful instead of less so4 ,the physical unfitness of much of our male population for service overseas had a number of reasons behind it4 ,there is no doubt in many thoughtful minds1 however1 that among these reasons were the consumption of adulterated soft drinks and the widespread use of tobacco4 ,instead of discouraging these things in a time of national crisis1 we encouraged them more than we ever did before4 ,no reasonable person is contending that the use of tobacco is a mortal sin4 ,if no worse sins were committed1 ours would indeed be a wonderful ,nation4 ,this1 however1 is no excuse for that which is a physical evil and1 to some extent at least1 a moral and religious evil4 ,the real question is as to why we should encourage it at all4 ,we do not get at the danger of any evil by comparing one evil with another4 ,the question for a vigorous ,nation in a trying time is not as to what is the harm in a thing but as to what is the good4 ,at least three undisputed facts must be recorded about the tobacco habit4 ,we have allowed the war to make each of the three more outstanding than before4 ,the first is that it is unclean4 ,if it were true that neither physical nor moral questions were involved1 some very important sanitary ones would still remain to be considered4 ,it is not easy to see why anyone should insist upon making more stained teeth1 repulsive breaths1 malodorous bodies1 and unclean mouths4 ,the second is that it is expensive4 ,our tobacco bill for a few years would pay the cost of the war4 ,it would do a much better thing3 ,it would provide agricultural reclamation1 commercial development1 and philanthropic beneficence on a world scale4 ,the soldier cannot afford to pay this bill4 ,neither can the free-hearted public afford to assume that it is one of the necessities of war and pay it from benevolent funds4 ,the #aiag tobacco crop of more than one billion pounds brought an average of twenty-five cents a pound4 ,this was two-fifths more than the price during the preceding year and twice the price during the years between #aiaa and #aiae4 ,the third is that it is increasing4 ,the #aiag tobacco crop was the largest in our history4 ,estimated at #a1aif1dea1jjj pounds1 it was an increase of #dc1aha1jjj pounds over the crop of the preceding year4 ,the output of cigars was #h1bff1ggj1eic1 an increase of #hgf1ehg1dbc over that of #aiaf4 ,a total of #ce1cgg1gea pounds of snuff were manufactured during #aiag1 an increase of two million pounds over #aiaf4 ,of smoking and chewing tobacco1 #dde1gfc1bjf pounds were put upon the market1 an increase of more than twenty-eight million pounds4 ,tax was paid on thirty billions of cigarettes1 and nobody knows how many were rolled and smoked from prepared tobacco4 ,the sale of cigarettes increased almost fifty per cent during #aiag4 ,this serves to show with what success our widespread pro-tobacco propaganda has met4 ,the internal revenue income on tobacco advanced fifteen million dollars during #aiag4 ,the total was #ajc1bja1eib4af4 ,thirty-eight million dollars of this was on cigarettes alone4 ,great as this income is1 it cannot compensate for the lowered personal standards1 the physical disintegration1 and the unuttered regret that have resulted from it4 ,creating a ,demand 7#aiai7 ,there are two ways of attacking the business problem4 ,one is to take advantage of opportunities already brought into existence by the laws of chance or the work of others4 ,the other is to make advantage by the creation of opportunities which would otherwise never have existed4 ,the first can be done by any person of average intelligence4 ,it calls for no ingenuity4 ,its only demand is the time and effort necessary to buy goods on the one hand and sell them on the other4 ,the second calls for a really high-grade of business ability4 ,the man who can do it well has his success reasonably assured4 ,business is ordinarily assumed to be subject to the law of supply and demand4 ,it happens to be true1 however1 that the matter of supply and demand is more or less subject to conditions which can be either created or altered by human interference and guidance4 ,the selfish and designing have long ago discovered means of so manipulating market conditions as to make supply and demand a negligible factor4 ,such1 of course1 is not the kind of business method which will be allowed to permanently survive4 ,there is a more worthy way of dealing with the question of supply and demand to the advantage of business4 ,it often happens that1 because of lack of public education or because of undeveloped or abnormal community conditions1 demand for a given product has not yet been stimulated4 ,the business specialist who has a really worthy article to market should be able to diagnose the situation1 see what the hindering conditions are1 and take steps toward that adjustment of things which will give rise to a normal demand4 ,he need not be powerless in the face of the fact that people do not desire his product4 ,neither can he blame the public for rot needing it4 ,he must make the public need it1 make it see its need1 and then supply it4 ,in all the history of ,american business1 probably no better example of this sort of thing could be found than the action once taken by ,james ,j4 ,hill at one stage in the development of the ,great ,northern railway system through the ,pacific ,northwest4 ,mr4 ,hill1 by the way1 was a notable example of real commercial genius4 ,having a positive mind1 he could plan1 adapt1 and build4 ,the railway system which he developed stands as an enduring monument to his wonderful ability4 ,after the first lines of the ,great ,northern had been built and had been in operation for a while1 ,mr4 ,hill discovered that they were carrying very little livestock4 ,there seemed no demand for that particular form of railway service4 ,looking into the question1 he found a very definite reason for the fact4 ,the farmers of the ,northwest had never taken up stock-raising4 ,no one was to blame4 ,the situation simply constituted a condition to be met4 ,there was no reason why the farmers of the ,northwest should not turn their attention to livestock4 ,the country was good for grazing1 and the range was almost limitless4 ,the only difficulty was the fact that livestock had never been introduced into that section4 ,mr4 ,hill began applying his remedy by doing the farmers a kindness4 ,he bought several thousands of blooded cattle and hogs1 and gave them to the farmers owning land along the right of way4 ,there were two results4 ,the first was that the ,northwest rapidly developed into a leading stock-raising country1 enriching the section and indirectly benefiting the railroad in many ways4 ,the second was that within a few years the ,great ,northern was breaking the record among the railroads for the carrying of livestock4 ,finding no demand for the services of his road1 ,mr4 ,hill had created one4 ,this example serves to show up the true business man in his real character as a commercial engineer4 ,his function is a larger one than the slavish routine of mere buying and selling4 ,it is rather that of helping to build that larger and better commercial world in which all business will be at its best because all people are at their best4 ,other engineers plan great mechanical projects4 ,he plans and executes great commercial projects4 ,the results of his work are no less magic than the results of theirs4 ,the ability of the civil engineer is tested by his power to remove the impediments and bridge the chasms that lie in his way4 ,the ability of the commercial engineer is tested in the same way4 ,he must penetrate the hills of prejudice and bridge the chasms of unconcern4 ,there are some enterprises which may at times succeed by force of chance or circumstance4 ,the only sustained and creditable success1 however1 must come from intelligent promotion4 ,one has little ground for satisfaction over a mere random success4 ,it is real achievement that brings enduring satisfaction4 ,it takes somewhat more than merely mental power1 however1 to plan and execute great commercial enterprises4 ,the promoter must not only have a good mind1 but it must also be of the affirmative type4 ,only the constructive thinker makes the great general1 the great leader1 or the great engineer4 ,there is as much of a place for originality in business as in any other field one could enter4 ,it is sometimes avoided on the ground that it is prosaic and humdrum4 ,it is not so for the person who senses its opportunity and enjoys the process of working out its larger possibilities4 ,it offers a practically unlimited opportunity for the building of one's powers into the fabric of an altogether necessary social institution4 ,considered from this point of view1 business is infinitely more than mere exploitation4 ,many have conceived the idea that it is nothing more because a great many selfish and misguided men have never really tried to make anything more of it4 ,fundamentally1 however1 business is a form of public service4 ,the market place was one of the earliest developments in our social scheme4 ,theoretically it is a means for the exchange of values to the mutual advantage of the parties to a transaction4 ,the assumption of any person who enters a legitimate line of trade is that he has an article needed by the public4 ,it follows that the degree of his public service is commensurate with the wideness of the sale of his product4 ,in taking steps1 then1 to create a legitimate demand for whatever he has to sell1 one does not need to hesitate on the ground that it reduces his work to the level of mere exploitation4 ,if he is in business as a public servant1 then the larger the service he can render the better it is1 both for him and for his patrons4 ,the service of his patrons and his own success are commensurate because they are mutually dependent upon one another4 ,good business spells more than profit for the business man4 ,it is also a help to the public1 and a means of progress in the world4 ,there need be no fear1 either1 that most of the possibilities of business have been exhausted4 ,the real world of commercial opportunity has hardly more than been entered4 ,our own country is still largely undeveloped in the use of many helpful products4 ,there are backward communities to be informed and cultivated4 ,whoever undertakes this process is a positive factor in the making of civilization1 for the need of these communities is the greater need concerned4 ,it would be a blessing to them to have a demand for the tools of more efficient life and work created among them4 ,then there are all the vast spaces of the world as yet largely untouched by these more advanced methods of civilization4 ,there are more people waiting to be taught the use of means to comfort and efficiency than there are to manufacture and deliver the products to these prospective purchasers4 ,business men should support every sort of civilizing influence as a means of creating a demand in far countries for what they have to sell4 ,should ,prices ,be ,standardized8 7#aiai7 ,thus far in the economic history of ,america the scale of prices has been as temporary and uncertain as the indications of the mercury in a thermometer4 ,prices have gone up and down for all kinds of reasons1 and indeed they have often seemed to do so without any apparent reason4 ,an increasing number of people feel that this is not as it should be4 ,it is not easy to formulate an unfailing remedy1 of course4 ,neither is it possible to say whether price fixing would prove a success or a failure4 ,it does look reasonably sure1 however1 that prices should be stabilized in some just and proper manner4 ,there are always those who are ready to tell us that it is not necessary to attempt to do anything about the price situation4 ,they say that the scale of prices will automatically take care of itself according to the operation of the law of supply and demand4 ,this sort of a situation might do very well if only it existed in some other world than that of fancy4 ,there probably was a time in the earlier periods of the history of the market place when the law of supply and demand governed all prices4 ,that time1 however1 seems to have passed4 ,tradesmen have learned methods by which they can so successfully juggle the situation as to supply and demand as to entirely reverse the action of the time-honored law so often invoked in defense of the profiteer4 ,the cold storage method of preserving eggs1 for instance1 has been used to make them cost most during that season of the year when they are most plentiful1 and to be cheapest during that portion of the year when the greatest number of hens are on a vacation4 ,as a matter of fact1 the law of supply and demand is not the rightful governor of prices4 ,it does not take into account the one thing which should be the deciding factor in the cost of an article1 namely the cost of production4 ,it requires as much labor and as great an investment to produce a bushel of cheap wheat as it does to produce the same amount of wheat at a good figure4 ,the cost of a bushel of wheat should always be the cost of production plus a fair rate of profit to the producer4 ,the producer would then be sure of his profit1 and the consumer would know how to estimate his expense4 ,a fluctuating price scale does not make for certainty in financial transactions and stability in commercial organization4 ,except in the most general way1 no one is able to say today what things will cost or bring tomorrow4 ,in considerable part1 this condition has been brought about by the deals of speculators who make their living by the rise and fall of the markets and often by forcing prices up and down by arbitrary methods4 ,in other words1 an uncertain system of prices not only makes it possible for a group of men to gamble upon them1 but it does much to reduce all dealing to a process of gambling4 ,even if all other conditions are favorable4 ,the producer does not know whether he is to gain or lose4 ,neither does the consumer know whether he is to be able to obtain things at a fair price4 ,such a condition is unsatisfactory to both4 ,for each advantage or disadvantage are alike possible1 and they usually alternate4 ,the advantage of one1 moreover1 must generally be brought about by the disadvantage of the other4 ,such is not a necessary state of affairs4 ,one does not need to lose either in his buying or selling4 ,neither should his gain be abnormal4 ,the establishment of prices upon a fair and permanent basis could make it possible for a transaction to be always to the mutual advantage of the seller and the purchaser4 ,in other words1 it would lift the markets above the gambling level4 ,there is another way in which an uncertain system of prices works a great injustice in the economic system4 ,they offer no real incentive to industry1 ability1 and preparation4 ,we have done and heard a great deal of preaching to the point that these things pay because the man who prepares best and works hardest will be best rewarded4 ,as things are now1 the worst trouble with this claim is its falseness4 ,a man may work ever so hard in almost any process of production and have his reward shrunken out of all proportion to his toil by some sudden slump in prices for which he was in no way responsible4 ,on the other hand1 he may neglect ever so important a task and at the last moment be favored with a rise in prices which will turn things to his profit4 ,on the one hand1 he always stands a chance of failing to receive what rightfully should be his1 a situation which does not represent good business4 ,on the other hand1 he also stands a chance of receiving what he does not earn1 a situation which does not represent good business either4 ,it should be possible by means of having a stable price scale to make it practically sure that every person concerned in the process of production would receive his due4 ,naturally the highest reward would come to the man of greatest earning power4 ,the result would be the placing of a premium upon industry and efficiency4 ,until we do so we shall have no oversupply of either4 ,uncertainty of prices has one serious social tendency4 ,it produces a certain spirit of unrest on the part of the consumer4 ,it may be true that the average person overdraws some of his conclusions on this question4 ,it may be1 too1 that he bases some of them upon insufficient reasons4 ,at the same time1 however1 his attitude is a fact which must be met and reckoned with4 ,what the consumer thinks is no inconsiderable matter4 ,he is not a small minority without power or influence4 ,he is a vast majority1 swaying the very life of the ,state as he will1 for in one way or another we are all consumers4 ,moreover1 the consumer has the last word in every argument4 ,he holds the purse-strings1 and when he is tired of talking1 he can stop buying4 ,it does not bode well when he conceives the feeling that undue difficulty attaches to trying to exist on the planet4 ,he is not unreasonable4 ,on the contrary1 he is quite reasonable4 ,he wants the other party1 as well as himself1 to have all that is his due4 ,he has no objections to meeting the real cost of an article4 ,he has some notions1 however1 as to what that cost should be4 ,if prices go up1 he expects them to have some proper reason for doing so4 ,he works for his living1 and he expects others to do the same4 ,when he cannot count on what a day may bring forth1 he cannot plan his financial future1 for he has no idea one season what it is going to cost him to live the next4 ,he has a feeling that it is time to get prices adjusted as they should be in fairness to all concerned1 and then keep them so4 ,one of the worst difficulties with our fluctuating system of prices is the fact that it does not make adequate provision for the economic life of the country4 ,our commercial system has the same function in the service of society that the blood has in maintaining the life of the body4 ,its work is to carry supplies promptly1 effectively1 and regularly to all the points where they are needed4 ,the body is not in good health when the blood overfeeds it part of the time and starves it the rest of the time4 ,it is not proper1 either1 to have congestion at one point and anaemia at another4 ,the function of circulation must go on with uninterrupted constancy4 ,the world needs a practically fixed amount of food1 clothing1 and supplies for the maintenance of its life and activity4 ,it has also a practically fixed amount of wealth to keep them moving4 ,unsteady prices are always changing the value of a dollar and making the necessities of life easier or harder to get4 ,the world cannot1 therefore1 supply its wants with the same ease and in the same abundance at any two successive times4 ,the value of supplies and the value of money should both be constant4 ,the world could then meet its needs at every point4 ,no worker would lose his reward2 commodities would be certain to yield their worth2 and no one would be any the poorer for the change4 ,the ,home ,budget 7#aibj7 ,after he had gained the pinnacle of his success1 some one asked ,andrew ,carnegie to formulate the secret of wealth4 ,his reply was as significant as it was laconic4 ,he said3 8,pay as you go1 and keep books40 ,each part of this formula is important4 ,they are very closely related1 but the second is the more fundamental4 ,however important it is to pay as one goes1 his chances for doing so are rendered very uncertain if he fails to keep books4 ,there are different ways1 however1 of keeping books4 ,some keep books only as a means of knowing where they stand with their finances and current bills4 ,this is good as far as it goes1 but it is possible to make the process of keeping books yield a much greater service4 ,others realize this1 and keep books as a means of keeping in the right relation to their financial affairs4 ,they make their bookkeeping system represent their plan of operation4 ,it then serves to keep them from getting too near the edge of any financial precipice4 ,if one is to get on1 one of the first principles he must learn is the necessity of keeping within his income--and a little more4 ,books can be kept in such a way as to enable one to do it4 ,this is keeping books according to the budget plan4 ,some one is always certain to say that bookkeeping systems and budget plans are very well for people who have adequate incomes4 ,it is said that the rich have something to keep books on1 but that it is of little use for those who tread the ragged edges of want to undertake anything of the kind4 ,this assumption is a grand mistake4 ,whatever benefits the budget system has are certainly common to all who care to adopt it4 ,it is even more greatly needed by the home with an income below the normal level than by that with an income above the line of necessity4 ,this is because its purpose is to enable one to make the most of the amount of money at command1 whatever that sum may be4 ,this service is not needed so much by those who have an abundance4 ,it is calculated to help most those who must watch their corners and husband their resources4 ,the budget system is a desirable plan in the home of wealth2 it is a helpful thing in the home of moderate circumstances2 but it is a necessity in the home where takes place an occasional battle with want4 ,the budget plan is a sort of blue print of what one proposes to do with the funds at his command4 ,the builder can do his work properly only with suitable plans before him4 ,the difference between the structure erected with a plan and that erected without one is great4 ,the difference between the results of an income administered according to system and those of one spent at random is one of just about the same degree4 ,to attempt any work without a well-formulated plan of procedure means several regrettable things4 ,it means a waste of materials2 it means poor co-ordination of effort2 it means a haphazard and unsatisfactory result4 ,the budget plan is based on a system of appropriations4 ,such is the plan used by all successful business interests4 ,the business is first analyzed and divided into departments4 ,then the amount of money needed for the work of each department is estimated4 ,this amount1 or as nearly this amount as the sum of money at command will permit1 is then appropriated to the work of that department4 ,it is left to keep its accounts up to the total placed at its disposal4 ,it is1 of course1 held responsible for the use it makes of the funds given it4 ,if at the end of the year it is found that the distribution was not equitable1 the proportion can be changed4 ,the same plan can be adapted to home use1 and it will do just as much for the guidance and welfare of the family treasury as for that of some great business corporation4 ,the work may be done after about the same fashion4 ,the needs of the family should be analyzed and divided into departments4 ,the resources at command may then be estimated and apportioned to the various departments of expenditure in the same way4 ,expenses are then to be kept within the appropriation1 and1 if the division is found unfair to any interest1 it can be changed4 ,if this is properly done1 the benefits derived will be very great4 ,if income is always consulted before outgo is determined1 the effect of the system on the family resources will be found to be little less than magical4 ,the funds in each department will so accumulate as to keep a surprising balance on hand all the time4 ,the reason for this certain growth in reserve funds is plain4 ,one will not purchase a thing in a given department of expense until enough money has accumulated in that particular department to pay for it4 ,suppose1 for instance1 that one would like to buy a suit of clothes or an article of furniture4 ,ordinarily1 he would get them if he could command the money to do so from the total at his disposal4 ,therefore1 he would stand a chance of paying for it with money which really should have gone to something else4 ,moreover1 the habit of buying anything he wants and can pay for keeps his funds down to the low water mark all the time4 ,when finances are cared for on the budget plan1 the case is very different4 ,before one purchases a suit of clothes1 an article of furniture1 or anything else1 he first looks at the page on which the finances of the department in question are recorded4 ,if the money is on hand1 he proceeds with the purchase4 ,if the funds are insufficient1 he waits until they have increased to a point where the purchase is possible4 ,this plan accomplishes two things4 ,it keeps personal or family expenditures within the income from which they must be made4 ,it also avoids the mistake of spending for one thing the funds which rightfully belong to something else4 ,these1 by the way1 are two of the fundamental principles involved in the matter of getting from a dollar its full worth4 ,if the family income is fixed and regular1 it can be divided arbitrarily among the different classes of things for which it is to be spent4 ,so much may be appropriated to one class of things and so much to another4 ,in this case the division is easy and simple4 ,however1 in many homes the income is not regular as to either time or amount4 ,in this case it can best be appropriated on a percentage basis4 ,a certain percentage is set aside for each division of family expense4 ,it is then credited to the account of the departments involved4 ,in making this division1 a number of things have to be taken into account4 ,among them are the size of the income1 the needs and tastes of the family1 and the financial condition of the family when the plan is adopted4 ,one home ,i know works on the following basis3 ,religion #aj1 ,indebtedness #aj1 ,savings #aj1 ,clothing #bj1 ,groceries and household supplies #cj1 ,home furnishings #aj1 ,miscellaneous ,expenses #aj4 ,each home can choose its own plan4 ,it can also change its plan at will4 ,it is well to get a loose-leaf book of suitable size and to have a page devoted to each division of expenses4 ,the money is kept in one sum in the bank1 but all receipts are credited and all expenditures charged under the proper headings4 ,then the bottom figure on each page represents the amount available for the particular department of expense represented there4 ,this plan simply provides for system in spending4 ,it serves to balance expenditures4 ,it also does the best that can be done to provide a reserve for every need4 ,it helps the well-to-do to greater independence4 ,it enables the poor to keep from growing poorer1 and often enables them to reach comfortable circumstances4 ,it does not make of a dollar more than a hundred cents4 ,that is impossible4 ,however1 it does enable the owner of a dollar to get the full value of a hundred cents from it4 ,it is a good way in which to 8pay as you go1 and keep books40 ,efficient ,spending 7#aiba7 ,in the common struggle to get on1 many of us devote our attention too exclusively to the matter of earning money4 ,we assume that the question of wealth is wholly one of income and that having is altogether a matter of getting4 ,such is not the case4 ,efficient spending is quite as important a consideration as is efficient earning4 ,the question as to whether one can succeed depends not only on whether he can get and keep money4 ,it also depends on whether he can accomplish the most with it after he gets it4 ,the usefulness of money is a matter of getting a hundred cents of value from each dollar4 ,between the hoarding of money1 on the one hand1 and the reckless habits of the spendthrift1 on the other1 lies this golden mean4 ,three general principles relate to efficient spending4 ,the first is the importance of buying only what one really needs4 ,a great many people are kept poor because they buy what they do not need enough to warrant its purchase4 ,non-essential industries are permitted to sap the labor and support which rightfully belong to more important things because of this popular willingness to spend good money for that which can bring no real equivalent in value4 ,many needs are imagined1 or assumed4 ,they have their origin1 not in any fact of necessity1 but in the fever of a mind wrought up by envy or desire1 until its possessor has joined in the general chase after that which is not bread4 ,the chronic invalid of yesterday got a new disease each time she read over the list of symptoms in a patent medicine pamphlet4 ,the spendthrift of today thinks of some new luxury to covet with each glance at a tastefully-decorated window1 or an artfully drawn picture4 ,we must learn to let reason and not desire rule in these matters4 ,reason is sometimes a little forbidding1 it is true1 but we frequently need the touch of a restraining hand in the matter of spending4 ,unchecked desire would soon make paupers of us all4 ,the standard of living rises or falls according as desire is1 or is not1 stimulated4 ,if it were gauged to necessity1 there would be little variation4 ,necessity is a well-established thing and1 therefore1 practically constant4 ,the scale of expenditure varies with the human desire for luxury and the human ability to obtain it4 ,the measure of real necessity is surprisingly small4 ,when one finds the medium ground between profligacy and stinginess1 he will realize that he can live there1 even though his income may be moderate4 ,greater moderation in many things would leave us a healthier and happier race1 to say nothing of what it would do for our bank accounts4 ,certainly1 before buying a thing1 one should honestly ask himself whether he needs it4 ,he should1 likewise1 give himself an honest answer4 ,the second principle of efficient spending is that when one has honestly decided that he needs a thing1 he should buy the best he can get4 ,if one buys at all1 it pays to search the market for an article of high quality4 ,moreover1 he is very apt not to find an article of high grade unless he does search the market rather carefully4 ,the purchase of a cheap grade of goods1 for any serious use1 is very poor economy4 ,such goods soon give way1 and the service they render1 while they do last1 is not satisfactory4 ,to obtain a given amount of service1 one will spend more money on articles of cheap grade than upon those that are better4 ,the obtaining of the same amount of pleasure and satisfaction from the use of a cheap thing and a good one is an impossibility4 ,it is a fallacy to suppose that the market must be supplied with quantities of shoddy goods for the sake of people who have less money to spend4 ,the very fact that one does have less money to spend is one of the chief reasons why he cannot afford to waste it on inferior things4 ,if all except a really worthy and dependable grade of goods were removed from the market today1 purchasers1 both rich and poor1 would be the gainers4 ,the selection of a high grade of products calls for some ability and skill in making a choice4 ,it calls for no more1 however1 than every person should possess4 ,the average citizen should train himself to be something of a judge of materials4 ,such ability will be of real service almost constantly in the task of living4 ,one of the first things he is apt to learn is the fact that the showiest articles are seldom the best4 ,a certain camouflage of outward appearance is often put on a thing to hide its real defects4 ,quality does not have to be painted up to show it off4 ,it proclaims itself4 ,the purchaser must learn to see through the outward appearance and judge a thing on its merits4 ,the third principle of efficient spending follows in logical order4 ,it is that1 having decided to buy a thing and having bought the best1 one should use it until he has gotten from it the utmost service of which it is capable4 ,a certain antiquated notion of economy was that when things were purchased they should be put away and saved4 ,the more valuable an article was1 the more scrupulously it was kept4 ,good clothes were bought and hung away to be eaten by the moths instead of rendering their owners the service for which they were intended4 ,valuable articles were always rusting out and rotting out in the name of economy4 ,the fact is that disuse is bad for anything4 ,unused1 a piece of machinery will soon become incapable of use4 ,the worst thing that can be done with a piece of cloth is to fold it away and leave it alone4 ,service is the mission and the means to health of anything from a table fork to the biceps muscle4 ,this is the thing an article is built for4 ,nothing save its possibilities for usefulness justifies the spending of money for it4 ,if it were not to be used1 good judgment would never sanction the purchase of it4 ,it must be made to pay interest on the investment4 ,use alone proves its right to exist4 ,a thing should be used as long as there is any usefulness left in it4 ,one of the points at which we are forever losing out in our attempts at economy is in our habit of not waiting until we have exhausted the usefulness of a thing before we put it aside and buy another4 ,this is the theory of the continual change taking place in styles4 ,from the tip of a lady's shoe to the shape of an automobile1 things are kept continually changing in order to induce the public to buy new articles every so often1 whether it needs them or not4 ,this keeps trade going1 but it keeps many people poor4 ,a thing for which one has spent good money should not only be used as long as possible1 but it should also be kept capable of use as long as possible4 ,good care and proper attention in the way of repair will extend its life very considerably4 ,this is a matter of conservation as well as one of economy4 ,of course1 there is no plan by which the ends of economy and thrift can be accomplished automatically4 ,the human factor will always be the determining one4 ,these principles will not practice themselves4 ,only human mind and will can do that4 ,they are not a machine for the conservation of money4 ,they are only a plan by which money may be made to accomplish the most4 ,the poor we always have with us1 but many of them are with us unnecessarily4 ,we shall always have a poverty problem1 but it would be reduced to a small minimum by the right use of money4 ,money is made to spend1 but the financially independent are those who have learned to spend it wisely4 ,the ,three ,agencies in ,child ,training 7#aiji7 ,every normal child is born with certain tendencies and propensities in which either the good or the evil of past generations preponderates4 ,if it is the good1 there must be some agency to call forth1 develop1 and strengthen it2 if1 on the other hand1 it is the evil1 there is all the more need why some influence should be brought to bear to check the evil and inculcate the good4 ,upon three great institutions devolves this momentous responsibility4 ,they are the home1 the school1 and the ,church4 ,each must help the other two1 and no one is complete without the co-operation of the others4 ,of the three1 the home will perhaps come nearest to completeness within itself4 ,the sooner these three agencies1 which in the final analysis have a common purpose1 come to understand each other and co-operate with each other1 the better it will be for the child4 ,for the responsibility of no one of the three ends with this life4 ,the ,church is not the only one that builds for eternity1 nor should the other two be the only two that build for time1 but all may well unite in building for both time and eternity1 and the aim of each should be the perfection of personality4 ,three forces of equal power1 pulling each in a different direction1 must either offset the influence of each other and result in stationary failure1 or force each other to aimless wandering4 ,besides all this1 the strain is uncomfortably intense for the object upon which the pull is exerted4 ,the child who has had these influences pulling him about in different or totally opposite directions all his life is an object deserving of pity1 and if in his case life becomes a failure1 the wonder will only be why the failure was not more complete4 ,but when these forces unite in a common purpose1 and their purpose should be a common one1 the child can only blame himself if he does not attain some very definite goal4 ,and when that common purpose is a good one1 that goal can not choose but be a worthy one4 ,a great many parents are wondering these days why their children did not grow up to be good4 ,if their children are spiritually delinquent1 they blame the ,church1 regardless of what the home example or precept has been4 ,if the children use bad grammar or do not exercise good judgment1 the blame falls upon the school1 regardless of the standards of those with whom those children have spent the days of their mental unfolding4 ,sometimes it is more than the ,church can do to merely offset the evil done at home1 without ever reaching the aggressive side of development4 ,sometimes it is more than lies within the ability of the school to rescue the child from the misconceptions and errors of everyday life and speech1 without arriving at the constructive point at all4 ,god has committed to the home the arduous but sacred task of guiding the first faltering steps of the little ones into the ways of righteousness and truth4 ,the first is out of the reach of the ,church's ability2 the second is a part in education that the school can never play4 ,neither the school nor the ,church is an orphans' home for the purpose of taking the responsibility of raising people's children from the shoulders of those to whom it belongs4 ,they can only do their work upon the chief cornerstone of home instruction1 guidance1 and discipline4 ,better children's meetings can be held at mother's knee than anywhere else in the world1 and it is wrong to deny to maturity the golden memories of such a childhood4 ,the business of the ,church is spiritual ministration1 and it ought not to need to be anything more4 ,spiritual ministration1 however1 is a broad term1 and it ought never to be allowed to center in earthly things4 ,the home1 then1 ought to be the first school1 and it must lay proper foundation for the work of the ,church1 for never will teachings be better learned nor longer remembered than those received in its quiet precincts4 ,in this day1 the school has been narrowed down in the scope of its work to mere mental discipline4 ,and yet the schools from whose halls the world's greatest minds have come1 have not been mere knowledge machines4 ,our schools claim to teach literature1 and yet their curricula ignore the greatest piece of literature ever written4 ,in some ,states the law goes so far as to forbid the reading of the ,bible in the public schools on the ground that it might engender sectarianism4 ,the ,bible is not a sectarian book1 nor does the teaching of it need to be sectarian4 ,there is scarcely a truly great life that is not a standing witness to the fact that education is not complete without a knowledge of the ,bible1 at least as literature and history4 ,and yet pedagogical fads and public customs deny public school students the benefit of the study of it4 ,public school students are taught the pagan religions4 ,they are taught the mythology of ,greece and ,rome1 but the living and vital religion1 to which even the school owes its being1 is ignored for the petty fear of sectarianism4 ,a man's education can not be measured by what he has committed to memory1 but by what he has learned by heart4 ,education is no more what one knows than what he is4 ,the school needs to train the mind1 but it can not afford to ignore the necessity of a right culture of the heart4 ,but it is scarcely a greater mistake for the school to hold itself strictly to mental training to the exclusion of everything pertaining to religion1 than it is for the ,church to hold itself strictly to religious work to the exclusion of educative effort4 ,in physical science1 radiant light and heat are exactly the same thing manifested to different avenues of sense perception4 ,who knows but that in the spiritual realm1 the light of truer wisdom and the warmth of ,christian experience are one and the same thing1 except that1 in the one case1 it is perceived through the mind and1 in the other1 through the heart8 ,upon the ,church devolves the responsibility of lifting the thought of the community to whose needs it ministers to the highest1 purest1 and best possible plane4 ,in this measure1 it needs to be an educative influence4 ,it will be able to reach some minds through the heart1 and it will be able to reach some hearts through the mind1 and in both cases it will be lifting men to ,god1 who is both love and light4 ,what does it matter if the preacher does lecture once in a while8 ,the ,old ,book will always supply food for the profoundest thought4 ,we not only need our hearts comforted1 however important that may be1 but if we expect to understand ,god's message and plan1 we will have to think1 also4 ,jesus was a ,scholar and will baffle the scholarship of this world for many years yet to come4 ,let the ,church not ignore the educational side of ,christianity4 ,and so these three agencies can not encroach on each others' territory1 for they have a common work to do if they are true to their trust4 ,let the home give the first lessons1 and all through the changing years let it be both an educative and religious influence4 ,let the school be solicitous of both the unfolding mind and the craving heart4 ,let the ,church minister to spiritual needs and not forget that the true education of the heart does not despise the education of the mind4 ,then shall the child have it said of him1 as it was said of that ,child of the long ago1 8,and ,he advanced in wisdom1 and in stature1 and in favor with ,god and man40 ,the ,association of ,mind and ,muscle 7#aiah7 ,in ,nicholas ,nickleby1 the book in which ,charles ,dickens attempted to set forth the evils of the boarding school system in ,england in his day1 one of the things at which we have sometimes pointed a finger of ridicule really sets forth an important pedagogical principle4 ,it is that part of the story which tells how ,squeers1 the schoolmaster1 first taught a boy to spell a word--usually incorrectly--and then sent him to perform some manual task associated with it4 ,the imperfect spelling cannot be called good pedagogy1 and the work to be done was not always calculated to contribute to the dignity of a gentleman1 but it is a fact that there is something about the actual doing of a thing which enables the memory the more tenaciously to retain the concept of the thing itself4 ,in other words1 there is some strange but very real and definite association between the mind and the muscle4 ,they act in close cooperation with one another4 ,the mind may be capable of learning things without the corresponding action of the muscle1 but it can learn a thing very much more easily and permanently with that cooperative action4 ,this is a principle which runs through all educational effort4 ,it has had expression from quite remote times4 ,an apostle reminded his hearers of their duty to be doers of the word and not hearers only4 ,his words constituted a very good educational gospel4 ,we not only owe it to ourselves and to the world to act in accordance with the best of our knowledge1 but we actually learn better the thing which we take the time and pains to do4 ,we have always had a certain notion that it is important to keep note books4 ,we have usually supposed that the chief value of a note book is in the fact that it affords a means of quickly referring to any facts which may have fled from memory4 ,if this were the value of a note book1 however1 those who keep them and then never look at them again would derive no benefit from the process4 ,yet there are thousands of people who know that they have received large value from the keeping of note books to which they have never referred since they were written4 ,the fact is that the great value of a note book lies in the power of muscular action to record upon the tablet of the mind the thing written down on paper4 ,the fingers themselves seem to possess a certain power to remember4 ,we know a thing better after having written it4 ,one reason may be that the necessity of writing it has forced us to think it through1 but another undoubtedly is the fact that the movement of the muscles inscribes its story in the processes of the brain4 ,it is frequently noticeable1 too1 that a thing is better remembered after it has been spoken4 ,to give a class recitation upon it1 to deliver an address upon it1 to make it a subject of conversation with a friend1 or even to talk aloud about it to the silences often engraves its subject matter in the memory in an indelible fashion4 ,the very movement of the muscles of speech cooperated with the mind in making the subject an everlasting possession4 ,all this is simply another indication of the principle involved4 ,it also submits proof that there is a certain value in saying what one honestly thinks or truly knows4 ,in this discussion lies a point of high value to the teacher4 ,it is one thing to get a pupil to take in the knowledge of a fact in such a way as to retain it until some seemingly more commanding fact has forced it from his thought4 ,it is a very different1 and a much better1 thing to help him to assimilate the matter in question4 ,when knowledge has once been assimilated1 nothing save a mental breakdown can ever rob its owner of it4 ,it is then a part of himself4 ,this is the goal of the teacher1 and one of the chief paths to it is to induce the pupil to live his knowledge as he gains it4 ,when this is done1 knowledge becomes more than a thing of the mind alone4 ,it is not our concern to merely educate the brain4 ,it is our commission to educate the whole life and to cultivate the entire being4 ,genuine education is a symmetrical process1 and the person who has really learned a thing will profit from it in every interest of his life4 ,as knowledge becomes a matter of action1 it becomes a matter of purpose1 ideal1 and character4 ,in other words1 it is translated into terms of life4 ,it is at this point that the teacher's work reaches its highest stage of being and usefulness4 ,it is in this sense that both he and his work are immortal4 ,it would be a serious question whether our earnest attempts at teaching the race would be altogether worth their while if they amounted to nothing more than getting the young to know so many things1 to possess such and such a sized storehouse of knowledge1 filled with appropriately selected and labelled morsels of fact4 ,it becomes a tremendously worthwhile proposition1 however1 when it is seen as a means to a larger and richer life4 ,as knowledge is taught to a pupil1 it should be as a means of enabling him to live more happily1 wholesomely1 and successfully4 ,it should be as a sort of transfusion of blood for the living of the larger life4 ,the principle stated here works both ways and with equal beauty either way4 ,not only is it true that the actual doing of a thing enables one to learn it better and works the knowledge deeper into life and experience1 but it is also true that it best vindicates the useful mission of education4 ,it is not mere bookishness that the world will want on the part of the girls and boys when they shall at last come to take their places in the ranks of endeavor4 ,it will be expecting people who are capable of earning their keep4 ,it will want them not only to be brilliant and cultivated1 but also to be able to meet practical questions and perform everyday tasks4 ,the boy or girl who has been trained to do the things he knows to do is the one who will best prove to the world the value of the school and the importance of the work of the teacher4 ,the sending of such young people into the arena of action will bring a flood of service which will spell out an ever-accelerated progress for civilization4 ,it is definite action alone which achieves progress4 ,all the mere knowledge possible to men would not be of any real help1 except insofar as it finds its expression in definite and positive action4 ,mere knowledge is like mere good intentions4 ,their presence is no better than their absence until they are incarnated into deeds4 ,knowledge has the largest of all potentialities for the good of mankind when it becomes calculated action and wise service4 ,for this reason1 the entertaining of such an educational ideal is significant for the good of the world as well as for the educational progress of the pupil himself4 ,a ,korean boy came to a missionary one day with the information that he had learned the entire ,sermon on the ,mount by heart4 ,the missionary congratulated him upon his effort1 but reminded him that it was a better thing to follow its teachings than to learn to repeat its words4 8,oh10 said the boy1 8,that's the way ,i learned it40 ,he had solved an important pedagogical problem4 ,it was the same old process that we saw in the ,squeers school4 ,there it was grotesquely conceived and followed out1 but the effect lay along the right track4 ,when a boy learned a thing1 he was told to go and do it4 ,the modern school must teach boys and girls much more dependable knowledge than was imparted at ,dotheboys ,hall1 and no modern teacher will abuse his privilege and opportunity as did ,mr4 ,squeers2 but it will be a good thing if it is remembered in the modern schoolroom that the educational ideal is twofold4 ,it demands1 first1 that the child shall be taught to know a thing4 ,it requires1 second1 that he shall not fail to make definite use of the knowledge which he has gained4 ,thus it will be made to mean the most in education to him and the most in service to the world4 ,the ,sound-,reproducing ,machine as a ,music ,teacher 7#aiai7 ,many changes for the better have taken place in ,american life during the past two decades2 among these is a remarkable advance in musical art1 knowledge1 and appreciation4 ,europe once had sufficient grounds to look down upon us for our crudity in matters musical1 but now we are beginning to have dignity and standing in the musical world4 ,in this marked advance1 the sound-reproducing machine has borne an important part4 ,during the period named1 it has evolved from the status of a curious toy to that of a splendid instrument1 present and active in the best homes in this country4 ,it is true1 people often start in with the flimsiest of popular music1 8rags10 8blues10 and such2 but let one good classic find its accidental way into this motley collection--and things begin to change4 ,the taste of the listener is on its way to better things4 ,the small daughter of a friend of mine stepped out from the home into public school4 ,at once1 the parents were distressed to notice that she began to show a taste for the cheapest sort of music--a natural contagion from the class of children with whom she associated4 ,the parents cast about for an antidote to this ill4 ,they found it in the purchase of a sound-reproducing machine and an abundance of really good records--ranging from simple ballads to symphony movements4 ,it worked4 ,at once1 instead of humming and whistling popular songs with their often vulgar words1 she begged for the better music of the machine at home1 and this music gradually pushed the other stuff out of her mind--the inevitable action of good over bad4 ,no doubt this little seriocomedy has been enacted all over the country1 raising the standard of musical taste4 ,the sound-reproducing machine has inaugurated a veritable ,democracy of ,music4 ,to places inaccessible to the high-priced artist or teacher it has come1 bringing the best music1 rendered in the best way1 and at a comparatively small cost--certainly much smaller than journeys to far-off cities and the charge for seats at concerts4 ,it is the tragedy of most good things of this life that they go only to a special few4 ,but the sound-reproducing machine has been no respecter of persons--it goes into the humble home as well as into the wealthy one4 ,anyone can spend fifty cents or a dollar a week on a new record4 ,and for this small sum there are hours of pleasure and musical profit4 ,this is the reason why it has become such a strong factor in our musical life and the reason par excellence why we are well on the way to becoming a seriously musical nation4 ,the ,school ,teacher and the ,republic 7#aibj7 ,at ,plymouth1 ,massachusetts1 there stands the monument which memorializes the landing of the ,pilgrim ,fathers and the ideals for which they stood4 ,the ,pilgrim ,monument lifts aloft five sculptured figures1 each symbolic of one of the moving and controlling principles of early ,new ,england life4 ,the large central figure bears the name of ,faith4 ,at each of the four corners stands one of four others--,freedom1 ,law1 ,morality1 and ,education4 ,these things represent fundamental principles in the moulding of our nation and its life4 ,we have all profited more than we have realized from the fact that they had a place in the characters1 minds1 and purposes of our forefathers4 ,each is highly important1 but the ,pilgrims would have been seriously in error if they had failed to include the last named4 ,that they did not fail to include it is evidenced by the fact that1 very early in the colonial history of ,america1 representative leaders met in conference on the question of establishing a free system of public schools4 ,there is hardly a better recommendation for a nation or a more dependable indication of its quality than the fact that its system of free public schools dates almost back to the time of its original settlement4 ,such is the case with ,america4 ,at no period in her history has she been unaccustomed to the sight of the pedagogue4 ,america has been made what she is largely by means of the public school4 ,if she is democratic1 it is largely because the public school has so faithfully sown the seeds of democracy in the thinking of her boys and girls in their plastic periods4 ,in so far as she is clean and righteous1 the fact is largely due to the teaching the children have received in the public schools4 ,their work in character-building1 their inculcation of the principles of scientific temperance1 and now their efforts to teach ,americanism to all classes and ages have all been good seed sown in fertile and productive soil4 ,today every schoolhouse is a symbol of freedom1 of democracy1 and of productive efficiency4 ,to neglect the schools would be to neglect the source of much that is entirely necessary in the nation's life4 ,what ,america did for herself by means of the school in the days when her interests did not reach beyond her own borders1 she has since done by the same means in the territories for which she has assumed responsibility4 ,since ,spain ceded the ,philippines to us1 the life of their people has been entirely regenerated4 ,the old insanitary cities with their shacks and their squalor have changed into orderly and well-improved municipalities4 ,the unkempt and ignorant people are now bright1 industrious1 and efficient4 ,a practically savage land has become a civilized one in slightly more than two decades4 ,alaska has been transformed from a fruitless wilderness into a territory of awakened and forward-looking people4 ,they have developed such industries as their land would support4 ,they have achieved a large degree of economic independence4 ,they acquitted themselves with as great credit as did almost any of the states in the various responsibilities incident to the war4 ,they have cleaned up their towns and developed their social institutions4 ,through their town meetings1 they are becoming more and more a self-governing people4 ,hawaii is rapidly learning to make the most of herself4 ,porto ,rico is doing the same4 ,the new ,virgin ,islands will follow along in the same course the others have travelled4 ,cuba has developed in the last twenty years largely because of the start ,american leadership1 organization1 and education gave her4 ,panama has been revolutionized by ,american influence4 ,there are1 of course1 a number of answers to the question as to why all this has happened4 ,one of the chiefest of them1 however1 is the work of the public school system inaugurated wherever the hand of ,america holds sway for any length of time4 ,even the leadership1 the scientific attainment1 the medical skill1 the genius for organization1 and the commercial power that have entered into the moulding of these new civilizations all owe themselves1 in greater or less degree1 to the public school and to the work of the teacher4 ,our plight would be sorry indeed had it not been for the presence of the little red school house among us4 ,no country has ever gotten along without it and escaped the penalty which ,fate is certain to impose4 ,the situation in ,russia now is undoubtedly largely the result of the age-long lack of an adequate educational system4 ,civilization simply cannot be moulded without the patient and painstaking work of the pedagogue4 ,bismarck once said that whatever one would put into the state he must first put into the schools4 ,this was a great utterance1 and its truth has been repeatedly demonstrated in the years since4 ,his own country used the principle wrongly1 but her use of it demonstrated its correctness4 ,when ,william ,,ii came to the ,german throne1 he did not long retain ,bismarck as his chancellor1 but he did follow many of ,bismarck's policies to the end of his career4 ,this was one of them4 ,imperial ,germany was largely built upon this principle4 ,the educational system from the beginner's classes to the universities was standardized and utilized to inculcate the ,pan-,german theory of the state and its development4 ,philosophy was prostituted to this end4 ,literature and art were bought by the state for its own purposes4 ,history was written with the ambitions of the state in view4 ,according to the ,german theory1 this was perfectly proper1 for1 as ,general von ,bernhardi once said1 8,there is no power above the state40 ,the result is familiar4 ,a loyal nation and a mighty military power were built up by first putting into the schools what the leaders wished to inject into the life of the state4 ,under ,german guidance1 ,turkey did much the same thing4 ,when ,abd-ul-,hamid ,,ii was dethroned in #aiji1 and the ,young ,turk party came into power1 an imperialistic program was undertaken in behalf of the ,ottoman state4 ,one of the first things done was to standardize the educational system and set it to work to weave the ,ottoman spirit and faith into the lives of the young4 ,the leading military spirit of ,turkey for centuries was the organization of soldiers called the ,janizaries4 ,this organization was started in the fourteenth century by ,orkhan1 son of ,osman4 ,the first members of it were the children exacted as tribute from conquered ,christian peoples4 ,it was kept up afterward by levying a tax on ,christian towns to be paid in children4 ,these children of ,christian parents were trained to be ,turks1 ,mohammedans1 and soldiers1 and they became all three things with a vengeance4 ,they were the most loyal ,turks1 the most fanatical ,mohammedans1 and the most cruel soldiers4 ,such is the force of education4 ,one may take a vine and train it in any direction4 ,one may take a young life and make of it what he will4 ,germany and ,turkey used the power of the school wrongly1 of course1 but they demonstrated what can be done with it4 ,it is as great a force for weal as it is for woe1 and ,america has thus far used it for the doing of good things rather than evil4 ,the possibilities of education in either direction are practically boundless4 ,when one speaks of the public school system1 he speaks really of an army of teachers4 ,a school has buildings and books1 but it is really made and determined by the teacher4 ,one may have a school without either a building or a book1 but he cannot have one without a teacher4 ,the nation cannot recognize its obligation to the teacher too soon or too completely4 ,he has never received his just due1 and the time has come when we need to take an inventory of the service he has rendered and reward him in some fair proportion to it4 ,what we do for him we really do for the country and its future4 ,some ,overlooked ,compensations in ,teaching 7#aibj7 ,the economic aspect of the teaching profession has never been encouraging4 ,it was least so at the close of the recent great war4 ,in #aiah we were paying our male teachers the munificent wage of #hb4ce per month for the six to nine months of the year during which they were employed4 ,during the same period1 our female teachers were getting an average of #fd4gb4 ,the natural consequence of such a situation was a shortage of teachers4 ,a report of the ,federal ,bureau of ,education indicated that the shortage in #aiah was not less than #cj1jjj4 ,about #hg1ejj new recruits are needed annually for the rural schools alone4 ,in #aiaf we graduated less than one-third of that number from all our teacher-training institutions together4 ,in former days a young man was usually delighted to obtain a position on a college faculty4 ,recently a senior in a state university was offered a position in the ,chemistry department and refused it1 on the ground that it might tie him up to the teaching profession and thus commit him to poverty4 ,this attitude is not one of utter selfishness on the part of young people4 ,most of them are willing to serve their day1 and allow the reward to be a secondary consideration4 ,they feel1 however1 that they have a right to physical comfort while they do serve4 ,they realize that the standards of the profession are high in every way1 and they feel that such exacting requirements warrant good pay4 ,they are right2 yet there are certain aspects of the teaching profession which they should not overlook4 ,it involves less pay than it should1 but it also involves certain compensations1 some of which are very valuable and some of which are priceless4 ,it places in the hands of those who choose it privileges which many of the rich would gladly give their gold to obtain4 ,it brings within the scope of their experience things which many men1 otherwise successful1 have been disappointed in not possessing4 ,one of these is the privilege of living in the atmosphere and under the influence of the best thought of all the ages4 ,it is a great mistake to suppose that bread and raiment are the only necessities of life4 ,some of its intellectual and spiritual necessities are quite as commanding as its physical ones4 ,those who fail to obtain them pay the penalty by living cramped lives and usually dying with their deeper longings unsatisfied4 ,good pictures1 good music1 good books1 and good friends are among the kinds of meat that never perish4 ,the values they bring are everlasting4 ,a man's life does not consist in the abundance of the things he possesses4 ,when one has made a living1 he has not necessarily lived4 ,he has made only it possible to exist while he tries to live4 ,his life is made up of the thoughts he thinks1 the hopes he entertains1 the associations he enjoys1 and the tasks he performs4 ,earth and its physical necessities are only the stage and the setting for the drama4 ,the play itself lies beyond them and is separate from them4 ,the teacher is permitted to play always a leading role4 ,he also enjoys the privilege of doing a work which carries with it something of its own reward4 ,some kinds of work detract from one's strength and fitness4 ,the work of the teacher adds to them4 ,each lesson he prepares leaves him by so much bigger and stronger4 ,each problem he masters adds to his mental sinew4 ,each instance in which he helps someone on the way benefits him more than it does the recipient of his attention4 ,his is a treasure which only increases by being given away4 ,his is the blessing of daily growth and development4 ,another compensation he enjoys is the privilege of living among the best people of the community4 ,one is largely made by his associations1 and his success in life depends largely on the type of friends he can cultivate4 ,his admittance into the best society is itself a long step on the road to the highest success4 ,the ordinary person must live in a new community for a long while before the best people make up their minds regarding him4 ,even after a long period of decision1 they do not always see their way clear to admit him to their circle4 ,the teacher is excused from much of this severe testing4 ,his very work serves as his credentials4 ,people assume that if he is a successful teacher he is eligible for the best society anywhere1 and they are usually right about it4 ,this means very much indeed4 ,one cannot hope to reach a much higher level than that of the society in which he moves4 ,a certain law of social erosion is always operative4 ,by it the minds and personalities of people so act and react upon one another that they all tend to become alike4 ,this being true1 one cannot afford to move in any but the best society into which he can find his way4 ,this is a matter in which the teacher has no difficulty4 ,the teacher obtains a high value in the simple consciousness of being a worth-while person4 ,one does not have to proclaim such a fact to the world4 ,if it is true1 the world is quite certain to learn about it4 ,it brings health to one's body and soul1 however1 for one to be able to feel honestly that his life is not a failure4 ,it is a blessed thought to entertain that one really stands for something in his generation4 ,the teacher can congratulate himself that he is a world builder4 ,he has his hand upon the throttle of human progress4 ,he turns the key that swings open the gate of the future4 ,the inner life which he possesses is coveted by thousands who can never have it4 ,they may try to substitute what money can buy for what only mind can possess1 but the effort always ends in pitiful failure4 ,one cannot long conceal a lack of mind and soul with clothes and paint4 ,the result is only a vulgar display4 ,the more flash and parade the ignorant indulge in1 the cheaper they look4 ,the person who possesses real quality and worth does not have to cover himself over with artificialities and affectations4 ,he has only to stand forth as he is4 ,the soul within him will tell its own story4 ,despite all the cheap ways in which the world indulges1 its real hunger is for genuine worth1 unveneered culture1 real character4 ,some have missed these things because they made the mistake of setting out to make money alone4 ,if one can have both these things and wealth1 so much the better4 ,if one must choose between the two1 however1 there is no question that money is the second choice4 ,thousands of people of every age could testify from their own experience that this is true4 ,one can do much more working for society than he can if he works only for himself4 ,incidentally1 he may fare best from a selfish point of view when all things have been considered4 ,for many years an old colored woman sold peanuts on the grounds of ,tuskegee ,institute4 ,a young negro girl who had just enrolled was one day admiring the buildings4 ,coming from a poor home in a backward community1 she was amazed that one man had been able to gather together enough money to erect them4 8,if ,dr4 ,washington had worked for himself instead of running this school1 wouldn't he have been rich80 she said one day to the old peanut woman4 8,law1 child6 ,he wouldn't a been worth a nickel10 was the reply4 ,she was probably right4 ,plenty of people have made their only claim to riches by serving others4 ,others1 with talents as promising1 have spent their lives on mediocre levels1 because it never occurred to them to live for anything but themselves4 ,dollars ,versus ,sense 7#aiba7 ,in their normal and proper relations1 money and learning are very helpful each to the other4 ,money is not only a desirable thing but a necessary one in the work of building up our educational systems4 ,certain items of material equipment nothing but money can provide4 ,it is also the only thing which can obtain certain purely educational values in the way of teaching talent4 ,as educational processes become more elaborate and complete1 they cost more4 ,on the other hand1 education exerts a natural and favorable reaction upon money-making4 ,in this country1 where the educational aim is not so much to turn out gentlemen of leisure as it is to manufacture sons of toil1 school training is one of the greatest aids in the increase of earning capacity4 ,statistics proving by figures that the product of the schools can make more money than the uneducated man can do are familiar to us all4 ,this is not the highest possible motive for the getting of an education1 but it is a motive which is worth considering4 ,however1 there is something about great economic wealth in a country which seems to make against the interest of education4 ,this is a surprising fact1 but it is a fact nevertheless4 ,one might most easily think the reverse would be true4 ,certainly it is true that the greater wealth a country possesses the more it could afford to invest in education if it cared to do so4 ,it looks like a safe assumption that a long step in the direction of intellectual greatness would have been taken when a people becomes great commercially4 ,however1 this assumption is not borne out by the facts4 ,there seems to be more truth1 especially from the educational viewpoint1 in the idea that where wealth accumulates1 men decay4 ,this principle is nothing new4 ,it seems to be clearly indicated in history4 ,at least one instance may be cited from the story of quite ancient times to indicate how true to form things have always run4 ,the ,phoenician ,empire was one of the most remarkable dominions of the ancient world4 ,geographically it was small4 ,it was only about #adj miles long and #ae miles wide1 skirted by the sea on one side and by a mountain range on the other4 ,with the well-known ,semitic genius for trading1 its people planted colonies1 operated mines1 and established trading points on many rivers and seas4 ,the volume of their trade was never surpassed until that day1 centuries afterward1 when the discovery of ,america opened up a new world to exploitation4 ,in the process of their trading1 the ,phoenicians carried letters and arts to many ,old ,world lands4 ,they were not their own letters and arts4 ,all the intellectual treasures they had were borrowed from others4 ,they were too busy buying and selling to take time to develop any of their own4 ,consequently1 the only monument to ,phoenicia that remains today is the memory of her commercial greatness4 ,she concerned herself only with that which was temporary4 ,she built nothing that could endure4 ,that period which was characterized by the most serious search for knowledge in ,america came during the poorer days of our people4 ,the educational facilities of that period were meager4 ,the highest diploma then given represented a degree of learning which almost anyone may easily obtain now4 ,yet those were days when young people endured the most severe sacrifice in order to obtain a measure of educational advantage for themselves4 ,from the modern educational viewpoint1 the little red school house at the cross roads may look like a rather poor affair1 but it housed some tremendously earnest spirits4 ,some of our most distinguished public servants were there prepared for usefulness to their times4 ,in those days1 poverty threw some severe limitations around the young person seeking an education4 ,at the same time1 it provided a great incentive to go forward1 and it placed behind the obtaining of an education a motive that was of great credit and value4 ,many young people defeated the limitations of poverty by winning scholarships4 ,this within itself was of great value because it required a high standard of studentship4 ,its advantage is unknown in the institution which caters to rich men's sons4 ,we have been through our periods of poverty that pinched boys and girls into preparing themselves for better things4 ,we have also had our periods of economic independence4 ,we have just emerged from one of actual prodigality4 ,its unfavorable effect upon education cannot escape our eyes4 ,conditions incident to the war write a few entries on the credit side of the ledger4 ,it put many soldier boys into schools for technical training4 ,it helped to awaken the country to its weakness along these lines4 ,these things1 however1 were overshadowed by the way in which the recent period of swollen incomes made against learning4 ,the high wages of the war period and of the time immediately following it lured from the schools a vast number who would otherwise have remained4 ,the economic incentive to getting an education was removed4 ,it was a time when a boy could obtain high wages without learning4 ,in many cases he could go into the shops and get better pay than his instructors were receiving for work that demanded thorough preparation and intense application4 ,statistics showing how much more money the educated man could make had lost their meaning4 ,the time had come when brawn possessed greater earning capacity than brain4 ,school men all over the country had hard work to keep their schools from going to pieces because of the depletion in attendance which they suffered4 ,it was only natural that this situation should make teachers restless4 ,their pay had never been adequate1 and now they saw it dwindling to a still smaller figure in comparison with that of a day laborer4 ,the morale of the teaching force was disturbed everywhere4 ,many teachers found other work4 ,the ,american school faced a crisis4 ,that crisis seems now to be passing1 partly because teachers are being better compensated and partly because the abnormal production1 the prodigal buying1 and the inflated wages of the war period are over4 ,the same disturbance showed itself on college faculties4 ,one state university lost twenty-three men in a single year because the whole country was growing rich and leaving them poorer than they were before4 ,one prominent member of a certain university faculty resigned to enter the employ of a firm headed by one of his former students4 ,technical schools had the same trouble4 ,during #aiai when the country was literally rolling in wealth1 there was very little increase in the amount of money placed at the disposal of agricultural schools in ,america4 ,meanwhile1 the various industries with their offers of better salaries had taken many of the best teachers from these institutions4 ,the ,secretary of ,agriculture hoisted the danger signal by declaring that our nation must have a well-balanced program of research and that the most capable staffs possible must be secured and maintained4 ,one of the chief troubles with a great commercial period is its preoccupation with material things4 ,minds become cloyed2 hearts grow dull2 and souls grow no wings with which to lift themselves above the mire and the clay4 ,when a generation gets too busy to read books1 hear music1 and encourage learning1 it is an easy thing for its sons to assume that a job is better than an education4 ,education and ,production 7#aiba7 ,a few years ago so great an emphasis on manual training and industrial arts was evident in our school work that some feared a decline in the cultural ideal in the educational process4 ,the trend was bringing its benefits1 to be sure1 but there seemed ground for fear that the end might be a generation educated in hand and seriously lacking in educated mind and personality4 ,it has not worked out as many expected it would4 ,the result has rather been the contrary one4 ,we face today an unexpected situation at the close of a war that has tried the powers and resources of the earth4 ,we have an abundance of people who are willing to work at seemingly dignified and necessarily high-salaried tasks4 ,we have a shortage of men willing to do the manual labor necessary to make the world go round4 ,the difficulty does not lie in any lack of training for manual tasks4 ,we have never had so many people with hands trained to construct buildings and machinery1 to set type1 and to till soil to the best advantage4 ,the schools have been training people for this kind of work long enough so that several graduating classes have been emptied out into the arena of the world's life4 ,the number is constantly increasing4 ,yet the shortage seems to grow4 ,the trouble seems to root in a certain mistaken attitude toward labor4 ,our people do not find it easy to get over the notion that gentlemen do not labor with their hands4 ,the idea persists1 in spite of all the wealth of our philosophy to the contrary1 that a certain aristocracy inheres in idleness4 ,people are ashamed to be seen in their working clothes1 and if anyone comes upon them when they are engaged in some manual task1 they are prone to make excuses4 ,they seem to feel that they have been overtaken in a fault4 ,parents1 trained in the ways mentioned1 are partially responsible4 ,many of them go on in the path of error1 despite the fact that they realize their mistaken attitude4 ,their solicitude for their children impels them1 and it often impels them to courses that are not best for the children themselves4 ,just the other day ,i heard a mother say that she realized the need of the world for workers1 and that she realized the benefits of work to the individual4 ,yet she could not bring herself to feel willing that her two sons should spend their lives working with their hands4 8,i cannot help wanting them to prepare for some line of work that will be easy and dignified10 she said4 ,so the story has been through the years4 ,so long as this is the motive from which parents send their sons and daughters to school we can hardly expect any great change in the situation4 ,a certain notion persists that education and work are incompatible4 ,the assumption is that something is wrong when an educated man is seen employed at something involving physical exertion4 ,the other day a friend told me that he had just learned a strange thing4 ,in a certain nearby city1 he said1 a graduate of the state university and of a well-known law school was working as a motorman on a street car4 ,perhaps something had gone wrong in the case of this man4 ,the wages now paid to street car motormen compare so poorly with the money made by a successful lawyer that one is naturally led to this suspicion4 ,at the same time1 however1 there is no reason why educated men should despise such work as that of a motorman4 ,neither is there any reason why the position of a motorman should not be made attractive to men of the highest grade4 ,the day is coming when low grade men will not be desired for any kind of work on earth4 ,if there is real truth in the old saying that whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well1 we shall gradually learn that we must set men at all our work who are capable of doing it well4 ,it is a great question whether cheap labor is really cheap after all4 ,the chances are that the most capable labor obtainable in any line is the highest economy4 ,in a recent short story1 one colored man is made to remark to another that work is not to be expected from a gentleman of brains like himself4 8,brains10 he went on to say1 8is to keep you from wukkin'40 ,this has too long been the general notion about intellectual ability4 ,training1 both real and fancied1 has too often been made the excuse for parasitism4 ,the purpose of education is not to qualify one for getting through life on a minimum of toil4 ,it is rather calculated to enable one to perform a maximum of work with a minimum of friction and waste4 ,in other words1 education at its best is not a means to idleness but to efficiency4 ,the most representative products of our best schools are sufficient proofs of the productive element in the highest educational ideal4 ,they are not idlers1 but workers4 ,their work does not consist of mere fuss and parade4 ,it brings forth the fruit of achievement4 ,the idler is either a product of no school at all1 a product of a school with a mistaken educational ideal1 or a mutation from the really cultured type4 ,in this regard1 our notion of education is essentially different from the ,european one4 ,in the ,old ,world1 the prevailing idea of an educational institution was that its work was the preparation of young people to be polished aristocrats4 ,the desired product was the graceful and courtly gentleman or lady4 ,that conception may have been somewhat changed by the war1 but such was what it was before the world was so largely made over in that great crucible of death4 ,our idea of the aim of education is much the same here1 except that our schools and teachers try to foster a somewhat different idea of what it takes to make an aristocrat4 ,they do not proceed upon the theory that an idler is an aristocrat4 ,the accepted canon in educational circles is that a man is not trained at all unless trained to be good for something1 and that he must prove his culture by bringing forth fruits meet for it4 ,in their efforts to establish the productive ideal in the thinking of the public as well as in the work of the school itself1 our educational system has many handicaps to overcome4 ,one of them is the fact that idleness has been so long and so well glorified in fiction and on the moving picture screen4 ,too many characters that walk before the eyes of our people1 especially the boys and girls1 are rich without working for their wealth4 ,they live in palatial houses4 ,they wear the finest of clothing4 ,they indulge in the most expensive pleasures4 ,yet they toil not1 neither do they spin4 ,this sort of thing has soaked into the public mind pretty deeply4 ,it has exerted its effect upon the life of this generation4 ,the number who would like to live without much exertion are a more or less direct result of it4 ,it is one of the things that must be overcome4 ,some day it will begin to right itself1 for the public will realize the mistaken assumption underlying it4 ,then a reaction will set in1 but we dare not wait for the reaction4 ,we must be trying to stem the current for the sake of those who need to be shown the light now4 ,just now we are probably at the crest of the billow4 ,it is to the credit of the public school system that it has always glorified work4 ,we have never needed work and workers so much as we do now4 ,our armies have torn the world to pieces4 ,we must now have workers to rebuild it into a finer and grander thing than it was before4 ,therefore1 the person who expects to take up room on it and live from it must produce4 ,the life of society is co-operative4 ,each must do his share4 ,the test of learning is service4 ,the ,school as a ,reform ,agency 7#aiba7 ,in the little red school house that stood on the hillside thirty years ago some crude things were done4 ,at the same time1 some very important and helpful things were done4 ,even some of the crude things now seem to have had an indispensable value4 ,the years teach us that the only test of the correctness of any educational method is its result in terms of life4 ,in those days a great deal of moralizing was done4 ,a moral was drawn from everything4 ,the great bulk of the teaching was didactic4 ,each lesson in the old-fashioned reader had its definite ethical point4 ,often the moral was stated in so many words at the end4 ,patriotism1 thrift1 industry1 the fact that there is always room at the top--all these things came in for their share of attention4 ,the result was a patriotic1 thrifty1 industrious1 and ambitious generation of people4 ,we owe that generation and its work largely to the teacher who did not fear to frankly face the moral implications of things4 ,he may have moralized a little too much1 but his work had its effects for good4 ,the history of the world is largely made up of actions and reactions4 ,the reaction against all this came on in due time4 ,we witnessed the development of a great dislike for all stories with apparent morals and of a distinct resentment against all didactic teaching4 ,we still make some effort at character-building1 but that effort is usually veiled and often neglected altogether4 ,certain things will help to show whether we have gained or lost by this change in our educational policy4 ,let us take1 for instance1 the matter of patriotism4 ,the ,spanish-,american ,war of #ahih came on before the old order ended4 ,every youth wanted to go because the country was aflame with zeal for the ,american cause4 ,the recent world war came after a new generation of school boys had grown up4 ,the necessities incident to that conflict disclosed the fact that ,american loyalty was partly asleep4 ,it took very serious efforts to wholly awaken it4 ,take the question of thrift4 ,the successful business man of today1 that loyal public servant who carries the economic responsibilities of the country so capably1 is a product of the times when some new lesson in thrift and industry came in each day of the public school course4 ,many a man who has succeeded would testify now that his first impulse to try came from the reading of the sayings of ,poor ,richard or some similar material4 ,since such things have been largely dropped1 we have on our hands a growing race of spendthrifts4 ,all this is not merely comparing the present unfavorably with the past4 ,everyone knows that we cannot properly do so4 ,taken as a whole1 the public school is now far in advance of what it was in the days of the little red school house4 ,the present purpose is to point out to the educator the really incomparable power and opportunity that are his4 ,whatever the future contains1 the school teacher holds the key to it4 ,the possession of great power is at once an opportunity and a peril1 but the teacher certainly possesses that power4 ,it is a wonderful thing to mould the world's life into right patterns4 ,it is a fearful thing to mould it wrongly1 or to fail to mould it when one might4 ,the teacher can do any one of these4 ,bismarck once said3 8,whatever you would put into the state you must first put into the schools40 ,the truth of his statement was well proven in the subsequent history of the empire of which he was then chancellor4 ,a whole people was led astray by being fed upon the false philosophy of ,nietzsche and others4 ,the ,teuton mind and heart could not have been so completely shackled by any other means than the processes of popular education4 ,when the ,ottoman ,empire was first founded1 its fiercest military organization1 the ,janizaries1 was recruited wholly from the children of ,christian parents1 taken from their homes in battle or exacted from their towns as tribute4 ,they made the fiercest of soldiers1 the most loyal of ,turks1 and the most fanatical of ,mohammedans4 ,this is but an example of what education will do4 ,when ,germany took ,alsace-,lorraine from ,france in #ahgj1 her first task was the ,teutonizing of the people4 ,she began by introducing the ,german language in the schools and the press--both educational agencies4 ,when the ,young ,turks wrested his empire from ,sultan ,abd-ul-,hamid ,,ii1 in #aiji1 they began making it over according to their own fanciful dreams by introducing their ideals into the school system4 ,certainly the school can be made as potent a force for good as for evil4 ,in fact1 it has been made such a force in certain instances4 ,prohibition of the liquor traffic was a long time coming in ,america1 but it came as soon as we adopted the best means of establishing a better order of things4 ,a careful analyst of social influences could have told almost the year it would arrive4 ,he would have taken the date when ,scientific ,temperance became a public school subject and then have reckoned how long it would take the boys and girls of that period to come into control of the country4 ,when that time arrived ,america went dry4 ,bismarck was right4 ,there are plenty of reasons why it happens this way4 ,one is the general fact that people do about as well as they know4 ,most evils remain only because people do not realize that there is a better way4 ,when the facts are laid before them1 they generally act accordingly4 ,another is the fact that ideals and truths can be built into the lives of growing boys and girls more readily and more firmly than in those of older people4 ,a child can learn a foreign language more readily than can an adult4 ,it is the same with an ethical ideal4 ,the growing life most easily adapts itself to newly discovered fact4 ,another is the natural position of authority occupied by the teacher4 ,his words are taken as those of an oracle4 ,children who refuse to heed the instructions of their parents take those of their teachers as final4 ,still another is the amount of time the child is surrounded by school influences4 ,no other institution has any such chance at him as does the public school4 ,he spends as many waking hours there as he does at home1 or more4 ,knowledge alone does not constitute education4 ,the etymology of the word education is sufficient to indicate a very much wider scope4 ,education has to do with the whole life4 ,its measure is not merely how many questions one can answer1 but how well he can realize upon himself in the actual affairs of life4 ,therefore1 the school has for its work the making of men and women1 and the person who builds manhood and womanhood may well remember that in doing so he is building the future4 ,we can never have a world that is anything more or less than it is made by the people who live in it4 ,the highest grade of manhood and womanhood cannot be built without a considerable amount of ethical teaching4 ,no matter what we do now1 the action and reaction law of history will ultimately sweep us back again to the moralizing days4 ,then we shall carry didacticism to the same extreme that we are now carrying the lack of it4 ,a better way is to have a reasonable amount of it all the while4 ,dr4 ,thomas ,arnold of ,rugby had a clear conception of the ethical phases of the highest educational ideal4 ,he once said that he did not merely seek to turn out young men trained to take first in the schools1 but 8thoughtful1 manly-minded men1 conscious of duty and obligation40 ,such is the largest service the school can render to the world1 because it constantly sweeps us in the direction of a better order of things4 ,the ,same ,face 7#aiae7 ,along our years motherhood has planted three pictures that are so good for us to see that love and memory should always keep them bright4 ,pictures of sentiment they may be4 ,call them so if you will4 ,but they are1 nevertheless1 the anchors that have held many a soul from sinking in the mire of life's way4 ,the first is the picture of the young face that bent above us when we were babes--a face wistfully tender and wonderfully touched with the glow of parenthood's first self-consciousness4 ,the lips move4 ,they never knew the name of love so well until they had trembled in the midst of dismal floods for love's own sake4 ,they never knew the voice of prayer so well until the burden of creation came to be shared by the heart behind them4 ,we did not suspect the love that throbbed in that heart above us and gave strength to the arms that held us4 ,we know something of it now--and appreciate the debt that never can be paid4 ,the next is the airy and elusive picture of our own futures which her fond hopes painted on the shadowed walls of the old room at home or in the air above our beds as we slept4 ,those pictures were too perfect1 of course1 for the hope and love were perfect that imaged them4 ,she thought us better than we were and had more faith in us than we ever had in ourselves4 ,but1 what a garden this world would be if we refrained from violating at least the spirit of the dreams that thronged her mind when we were still wrapped in the unconsciousness of the years before the awakenings came4 ,the last picture is seen not by looking backward but by looking forward4 ,the other two are memories4 ,this is an anticipation4 ,they sadden us4 ,this fills us with a wondrous joy4 ,many times we have seen her waiting face and her hand upon the gate at evening time4 ,if we look1 we can see her yonder now--ahead of us4 ,the face that bent above the way's beginning looms also at its close4 ,it is older and gentler and touched with a perfect light4 ,but it is the same face--and her hand is on the gate4 ,the ,will 7#aiae7 ,i used to pass daily a very pretty and well-formed tree4 ,i admired it so much and saw it so often that1 at length1 ,i came to feel toward it as though it were a friend4 ,i often reflected that the reason why it was so lovely a thing was the fact that it had not possessed the power to refuse to obey the bidding of its ,maker4 ,i thought that if a man were will-less1 as is a tree or a flower1 his life would be as harmonious and as beautiful as theirs4 ,but there is within him that voice which so often speaks against the divine command that he is robbed of much that is godlike within him4 ,i thought that the dictates of that stubborn and willful voice had spoiled so many of ,god's plans and man's prospects that we might all be better without it4 ,one morning1 after there had been a windstorm during the night1 ,i walked as usual past the tree4 ,it lay prostrate and helpless on the ground4 ,i was surprised to see that what had been so well-formed without had been hollow and rotten within4 ,this had so weakened it that1 when the test came1 it had been the first to fall4 ,others--not so lovely--had stood because they were sound4 ,the tree had possessed no will with which to disobey its ,creator4 ,neither had it possessed a will with which to stand in the face of the storm4 ,least of all had it possessed a will to rise again4 ,i had seen men have the will to disobey1 yet when they had wandered into a far country and had become sick of the husks of sin1 ,i had seen them have the will to come back again and give themselves to a noble purpose4 ,the will of man is not only his danger1 but it is also his hope4 ,by it he may fall1 but by it he may rise again to better things4 ,it may whisper to him the word of temptation1 but it may also become his strength for an hour of triumph4 ,he needs not a life without a will which can lead him astray4 ,he needs a will subjected to a high ideal and to the traversing of the highway of truth and right4 ,the ,sword that ,keeps the ,past 7#aiaf7 ,at the gateway of every ,eden from which one has gone forth fallen and disgraced1 there hangs a sword of flame to keep the way of a misspent past4 ,we control the present4 ,the future will be what we choose to make it4 ,but there is no hand strong enough to lay hold upon the gate of the day that is gone4 ,the past is what we have made it1 and such it must forever remain4 ,the most fruitless of all wishes is that one might go back and retrace the way he has come1 that he might travel with surer feet4 ,there are points all along the way where we would prize an opportunity to undo some wrong1 unsay some word1 or perform some omitted deed of helpfulness4 ,we feel that we could do infinitely better if we had another chance4 ,heaven may be willing to grant most of our wishes to do better1 but this is one which has never yet been granted to a child of earth4 ,the voice with which we cry into the past is echoless1 and ineffectual are the hands with which we beat against its closed portals4 ,there is only one way to change the past1 and that is to change it before it becomes the past4 ,to-morrow the present will be a part of the past4 ,the day after to-morrow a part of what is now the future will have gone forever4 ,only that part of the eternal duration which is yet unspent still lies within our control4 ,very swiftly it flies by us1 but not so swiftly but that we can tinge it with the very color of our souls as it passes4 ,thus1 after all1 we are the architects of human destiny4 ,the very trend of the ages is entrusted to our hands4 ,as we mould the present we are moulding history1 and as we work out our own little lives we are affecting all time to come4 ,men must always remember the things we are doing as history4 ,none will have power to change them when they are past4 ,make this day what you desire through all eternity to remember it as having been4 ,it must dwell in your thoughts forever as a piercing thorn or a blooming flower4 ,your hand is on its gate for the last time4 ,it is a day of judgment4 ,the ,fountain of ,youth 7#aiag7 ,the past ages had a remarkable story about a fountain of youth1 the waters of which possessed the power to keep one young forever4 ,some of the early explorers of ,america were lured on their way by the hope of finding that spring of unfailing vitality somewhere in the ,western ,world4 ,but they died without having realized their dream4 ,they failed to realize it because they had supposed the fountain of youth to be a localized thing4 ,as a matter of fact1 location has little to do with it4 ,there is a fountain of youth4 ,its place1 however1 is limited neither by the balmy waters of the southern seas nor by the icy fastnesses of arctic regions4 ,such as it is1 it exists everywhere4 ,the healing of its waters is not denied to any seeker4 ,like most priceless things1 it is as well within the reach of the poor as of the rich4 ,it is the privilege and opportunity of high and lowly alike4 ,one of the paths to the fountain of youth is a right attitude of mind and right habits of thought4 ,while many have been seeking vainly through the world for the desired fountain1 they were all the while unconsciously carrying it about within their own inner lives4 ,one is as old as the spirit within him4 ,the outer life simply takes the mould of the inner thought4 ,the marks of age take possession of one's frame in approximate proportion to the degree of his surrender to them4 ,a landscape bears the color of the spectacles of the beholder4 ,the whole world has for a norm the attitude of the individual toward it4 ,when the mind grows sluggish and purposeless1 the spirit of age has laid hold upon its possessor4 ,while the mind remains clear and fresh1 with its vigor unabated1 the individual still shares in the saving waters of the immortal fountain4 ,the date of one's birth may be misleading1 but the spirit of his soul never is4 ,one stands each moment upon the threshold between the past and the future4 ,it is for him to decide which shall claim his thought4 ,youth dwells upon the future1 because the future holds its hopes and plans4 ,age dwells upon the past1 because the past holds the memory of its activities and kindred ties4 ,while one keeps his face to the future1 he remains young4 ,when he begins to live in the past1 he is allowing himself to grow old4 ,there is a sweetness about an occasional hour spent in roaming the halls of memory1 but in to-morrow lie life's supreme considerations4 ,those who keep thinking and toiling grow old more slowly than do those who relinquish their hold upon the activities and the concerns of life4 ,body and spirit alike begin the process of atrophy on the day when interests begin to decay4 ,when the mind and the hand pass to rest1 the body may be expected to soon share their slumber4 ,this is the reason why so many busy people grow old so courageously4 ,it also suggests the reason why so many fail to long outlive their active days4 ,only while the mind craves knowledge and the heart feels the throb of the social impulse does the eye remain undimmed and the natural force unabated4 ,a second path to the fountain of youth is that of right living4 ,this is not merely implicit obedience to arbitrary law4 ,it is living in harmony with the universe4 ,without it youth can never long remain4 ,a very marked type of divine healing is to be found in the abounding health which is the result of living in accord with the divine laws of nature4 ,the finest instances of that healing are perhaps to be found in the absence of diseases that have never occurred4 ,in other words1 its chief usefulness is preventive4 ,in a wholly ,christian race of men there would be but a minimum of disease4 ,insurance companies understand this fact4 ,the physical decay of the body is chiefly the result of inroads made by disease1 and the greatest fostering influence of disease is wrongdoing4 ,both directly and indirectly1 sin works havoc with mankind4 ,physical abnormalities root in someone's disregard for established laws4 ,in one case the sin may be one of intentional wrongdoing1 and in another it may be the equally disastrous one of common ignorance and carelessness4 ,the ,hebrews furnish a notable instance of racial vitality4 ,they are what they are to-day largely as a result of the fact that their remote forefathers were born and nurtured in camps and cities where uncleanness was a disgrace and where a violation of the laws of life was a sin4 ,the laws of right living are not merely a list of arbitrary regulations1 the highest design of which is to prove the willingness of men to obey them4 ,they are the provisions of a kind ,providence for humanity's own welfare and progress4 ,a third path to the fountain of youth is the conservation of health along scientific lines4 ,this may involve medical means frequently1 and it may1 on occasion1 even involve surgical means4 ,it will most generally1 however1 involve conformity to a liberal knowledge of the ways of nature4 ,dr4 ,metchnikoff1 the great ,russian scientist1 who spent his last years in ,paris1 has given to the world some illuminating discoveries upon this question of old age4 ,he long suspected that the thing we have been calling by the name of old age1 was simply the physical indication of the inroads made by disease germs to which the increasing weakness of advancing years opened a freer way4 ,he proved to his own satisfaction1 and to that of many others as well1 that the apparent signs of age are the result of the ravages of a certain bacillus which inhabits the intestinal tract4 ,he also proved the sour principle of buttermilk to be fairly fatal to that germ4 ,one of the evidences of his latter conclusion is the fact that some of the most noted cases of longevity have been those of regular drinkers of sour milk4 ,physical decay seems to be only a symptom of inner attacks which will sooner or later break down an organ or result in a general collapse4 ,it is not to be supposed that any regard for the laws of health1 however strict it might be1 will make it impossible ever to grow old4 ,physical decay is inevitable and physical death is certain4 ,it is possible1 however1 to long preserve the physical condition of youth by keeping the resistance of the body at the highest possible point4 ,this can be done only by preserving the best possible continual state of health4 ,the sedentary character of much of the life of to-day is one of the weakening habits of our age4 ,on the other hand1 we have an army of people who are so over-exercised at their daily toil that their bodies are sapped of all vitality and their minds are robbed of all vigor4 ,between these two extremes lies a golden mean4 ,well-directed use of all the muscles and regular movement of all the organs does afford vast help in keeping the body fresh and youthful4 ,we are the victims of another age-producing habit in the excessive quantity and richness of the food we consume4 ,we are too willing to eat all we can get and contain4 ,we are overdisposed1 too1 to truckle to the demands of palates that have been trained to enjoy unnatural and unwholesome tastes4 ,any experience which would drive us all back to plain living1 simple eating1 and active habits would probably result in large benefit to us4 ,if our plan of living were re-established upon a childlike plane1 we might again expect to enjoy childlike vitality1 with its intermingling of childlike activity and childlike slumber4 ,an ,old ,testament story tells how a ,hebrew king prayed for a new hold upon life and how his prayer resulted in the turning of the shadow upon the dial4 ,that invisible hand which turned the shadow upon the dial of the days of a king waits ever to preserve the lives of the members of the race4 ,the ,one1 however1 who heard the prayer of ,hezekiah was the same ,one who established the laws of life and nature4 ,obedience to those laws is still the key by which the very years may be swung backward in their flight4 ,some ,principles of ,efficiency 7#aiag7 ,these are the days when the doing of things in the best and quickest way1 and the living of one's life to the greatest possible purpose1 are among the livest of issues4 ,the absorbing question is that of really getting on4 ,one has but one chance at this life1 and he has a right to make that one effort the best possible4 ,the ,personal ,attitude for ,right ,living4 #a4 ,preserve calmness and steadiness4 ,victory over material things is but a passing honor for the one who has failed to conquer himself4 ,the secret of many a success is coolness and self-possession4 ,the person who has the consciousness that he is right can look the world in the face unflinchingly4 #b4 ,avoid selfishness as you would a most dangerous enemy4 ,the first personal pronoun is a dangerous word4 ,no one else cares to help the person who tries to help no one but himself4 ,the world has its heroes1 but they are those whose chief concern has been for their people4 #c4 ,have a mind of your own1 and use it4 ,many a failure has been excused with the words3 8,i didn't think40 ,however1 it is our business to think1 and to act on right judgments4 ,man is he who thinks1 and the most successful man is he who thinks most promptly and accurately4 #d4 ,do not get the idea that your mind is the only one4 ,others are thinking also1 and some of these persons may be more nearly right than yourself4 ,one must at least give others credit for having opinions4 ,listen to all1 and accept only that which seems to bear the test of truth4 #e4 ,strive to be right about things4 ,investigate until you are clear in your conclusions4 ,when you are clear1 let nothing but additional light change your course4 ,stay with the right1 though all the rest of the world disagree with you4 ,if you find that your position was wrong1 forsake it immediately4 #f4 ,do not judge yourself by others1 nor your work by theirs4 ,the only proper standard is rightness4 ,it is a poor thing to be in fashion if the fashion is wrong4 #g4 ,try to understand other people4 ,think of others sympathetically1 and give them credit for everything you can4 ,your ,personal ,resources4 #a4 ,the first of your personal resources is time4 ,you have just the same amount of it that any one else has1 and that is twenty-four hours a day4 ,these twenty-four hours a day are exactly like any other asset in that they are capable of use or abuse4 ,the waste of them is the same kind of a mistake as is the waste of money or property4 ,few people waste their time in large quantities at a time4 ,most people waste moments in waiting or idling1 which1 put together1 would make an aggregate of hours and days4 ,one should not waste his own time nor that of others4 ,the person who keeps any one else waiting for him is guilty of theft4 ,figure out how much time you lose per day1 and then figure how to keep from losing it4 #b4 ,the second of your personal resources is talent4 ,of this all do not receive exactly alike1 but all do receive in reasonable measure4 ,some who receive largely seem to do less with their gift than some others who have received in less degree1 and the man who hides his single coin in a napkin is always a familiar figure4 ,no matter whether one receives many or few1 it is his duty to improve them and make the most of them4 ,finding one's true place in the world is a serious matter4 ,find out what you are good for2 get ready to do that thing well2 then do it with all your might4 #c4 ,the third of your personal resources is opportunity4 ,the greatest issues of years to come will continually be found to hinge upon your decision and action in earlier moments of opportunity4 ,opportunity does not wait around1 begging one to grasp it4 ,one must learn to strike at the right moment4 ,watch for your chance1 and do not fail to seize it when it comes4 ,the ,method of ,efficiency4 #a4 ,have a definite purpose in life4 ,if you have none1 get one as quickly as possible4 ,if you cannot choose a permanent one1 then choose a temporary one4 ,at all events1 have an aim1 and let it be clear1 definite1 and positive4 #b4 ,having chosen a task1 the next thing to do is to get at it4 ,the word ,,now is the richest word in the ,english vocabulary4 ,do not wait to begin in the morning4 ,be able1 when the morning comes1 to look back on at least a part of the task completed4 #c4 ,stay with it4 ,it is sometimes harder to stay with it than it is to get at it4 ,always1 as the day passes and weariness lays hold of mind and muscle1 the temptation to give up gathers strength very rapidly4 ,if the thing you are doing is worth while1 don't give it up4 ,the rewards of the game are won neither by the fine beginning nor the brilliant play1 but by the steady endurance which holds on to the last4 ,life is one great endurance test4 #d4 ,strive to do only a reasonable number of things1 and do those things just as well as you can do them4 ,the fewer they are1 the better the execution of them is apt to be4 ,reduce your efforts to the realization of one great aim4 ,so doing1 you will be able to achieve results impossible to scattered efforts4 8,this one thing ,i do0 was the dictum of one strong character4 ,he did that thing1 however1 with all his might4 #e4 ,cultivate decision4 ,valuable time and strength are often lost in deciding things too unimportant to justify the loss4 ,learn to think quickly and clearly4 ,arrive at conclusions promptly and accurately4 ,impulse and desire are secondary1 while the sense of having done the right thing best satisfies in the end4 #f4 ,make each effort bring you a little nearer to the goal4 ,you will never have cause to complain of any day that has witnessed real progress4 ,do not try to cover the ground in a single dash1 but push forward steadily and patiently4 ,be willing to wait much1 to fail occasionally1 and to toil always4 ,at the end you will have something to show for each hour4 ,the ,story of the ,red ,cross 7#aiag7 ,the ,red ,cross ,society is an international organization for the relief of the sick and wounded in any time of special distress4 ,it has been of great service in times of peace1 yet it is readily seen that its constitution makes it of particular service in time of war4 ,throughout its life1 it has given good account of itself in every time of need4 ,it bears the honorable distinction of being an agency which is designed to minister to the needs of the living4 ,there are always plenty of praises for the dead1 and enough tears are always shed over the graves heaped up by the bloody hand of war4 ,it is more especially needful that there should be means of helping the living who still need it1 and who are still able to appreciate it when it is given4 ,the ,red ,cross is a ministry to life in the midst of the fields of death4 ,it owes its origin to the efforts of ,jean ,henri ,dunant1 a ,swiss author and philanthropist1 whose whole life and fortune were both given to the service of mankind4 ,great movements must always be fathered by self-sacrificing spirits before they are finally taken upon the hearts of the people4 ,it sometimes even happens that the name of the originator of a movement fails to cling to it in the days of its popularity and success4 ,m4 ,dunant was present at the battle of ,solferino on ,june #bd1 #ahei4 ,there he witnessed the suffering and need of the soldiers who fell wounded upon the field and realized the powerlessness of any nation to provide adequate hospital facilities in time of actual battle4 ,after three years of meditation and discussion1 ,dunant wrote and published a book1 in which he suggested the preparation of supplies and the training of nurses against the time of need1 in order that the volume of distress might not be again so far beyond the power of any one to relieve it4 ,he was invited to speak before the ,geneva ,society of ,public ,utility4 ,that society took sufficient interest in his contention to call an international conference to meet in ,geneva in the autumn of #ahfc4 ,delegates came from sixteen nations1 and1 after going into the subject1 they laid some plans for future action and adjourned4 ,a year from that time a more formally and authoritatively delegated assembly met in the same city4 ,before it adjourned1 the famous ,geneva ,convention had been written and signed by its members4 ,that convention did not specifically outline the plan of the present ,red ,cross ,society1 but it did make possible its organization and activity4 ,fourteen nations ratified the ,geneva ,convention at that time4 ,as it came to be better understood and more greatly appreciated1 others added their approval4 ,today all the principal nations of the world have approved and adopted it4 ,it has long since come to be a movement of such influence and proportions as to command the fullest sanction of international law4 ,the emblem chosen for this society was the familiar red cross design which has long since become a symbol of sanitation and cleanliness4 ,the ,turkish ,government alone failed to adopt this uniform symbol4 ,according to its traditional ideals1 it chose the use of the crescent instead4 ,it was not long until agreements were made by which the rules and practices of the ,red ,cross ,society were applied in the navy as well as in the army4 ,now the man who falls wounded upon a battleship receives the same helpful attentions as does the fallen hero of the land forces4 ,moreover1 the ,red ,cross symbol until this present war has been immune to attack on sea as well as on land4 ,conventions have1 of course1 been determined upon which are designed to prevent the wrongful use of the familiar symbol of mercy in time of war4 ,the various national ,red ,cross organizations are independent in their formation and responsibility1 yet it to be regarded as the ,geneva ,committee is to be regarded as central in its prestige and influence if not in power and authority4 ,from time to time1 ,americans have been honored with places upon that committee4 ,w4 ,h4 ,taft was made president of it some years ago and is today one of the world's most enthusiastic ,red ,cross workers4 ,the ,american ,red ,cross ,society was organized in #ahhd by ,miss ,clara ,barton1 who throughout life interested herself in this and similar labors of unselfish helpfulness4 ,she has been to the ,american ,red ,cross ,society what ,m4 ,dunant was to the international organization4 ,in #aije the ,american ,congress realized the need for an organization which should be more distinctly national in its scope and plan4 ,the existing society was therefore disbanded1 and a reorganization was effected along slightly different lines4 ,the ,american ,red ,cross now operates under distinctly governmental supervision and authority4 ,its head is the ,president of the ,united ,states4 ,its chief officers are men high in governmental councils4 ,its accounts are audited in the ,war ,department1 and its activities in every way center in ,washington4 ,yet it is distinctively a civil organization4 ,its membership is made up of the common people of the country4 ,it accepts volunteers for medical1 surgical1 and nursing work behind the battle lines in time of war1 but it also accepts as members all who care to enrol and pay the small annual membership fee4 ,the average citizen is thus afforded an opportunity to have a part in the better side of war--the care of the sick1 the wounded1 and the distressed4 ,it enables the last person1 however far away and however lowly he may be1 to do his share together with the rest4 ,even those who volunteer as doctors and nurses find that most of their work is at a distance from the firing line4 ,strict observance must be given to certain fixed rules governing the activities of ,red ,cross workers1 but so long as these rules are observed the danger is comparatively small4 ,the ,american ,red ,cross has1 since its organization in #ahhd1 proven its worth in a number of times of need4 ,its opportunity for wartime service has1 thus far1 been limited4 ,until we had been touched by the present war1 our people had only been engaged in one brief struggle since the organization of the ,red ,cross in ,america4 ,it did its work well during the ,spanish-,american ,war of #ahih4 ,it will now have an opportunity for much greater wartime usefulness in a time of much greater need4 ,it has1 however1 been giving frequent service to the suffering in other times of catastrophe4 ,it gave notable aid in the time of the yellow fever epidemic in the ,south1 the ,johnstown flood1 the famines in ,russia and ,japan1 tidal-wave floods in ,south ,carolina and ,texas1 the ,armenian massacre1 the oppression of the ,cuban people1 the ,mount ,pelee volcanic eruption1 and earthquakes in ,chile1 ,jamaica1 and ,california4 ,these are but a few of the outstanding instances of ,red ,cross aid to stricken people4 ,in smaller disasters almost everywhere1 the same helping hand has been extended4 ,the ,american ,red ,cross has expended about fifteen millions upon its work thus far in its history4 ,that sum will1 of course1 be rapidly multiplied if the present war continues long4 ,the whole country has been roused to a spirit of co-operation1 contributing both work and money4 ,it seems a particularly hopeful thing that1 although war has not yet been recognized as a mere relic of the barbarous past1 in the midst of its bloodshed there are to be heard the hurrying feet of messengers of mercy and help4 ,one of the strongest forces now making for a day of lasting peace is the beautiful suggestion that comes from the spirit of those who make it their aim to help while others destroy4 ,the spirit of positive service will endure long after the work of destruction has been forsaken4 ,those who assist in such a task will suffer no regrets4 ,the work of ,m4 ,dunant has been significant in the cause of peace4 ,the ,nobel prize went to him in #aija for distinguished services in behalf of international arbitration and conciliation4 ,the day will yet come when the world will see the realization of his great dream of an age of brotherly kindness4 ,words 7#aiag7 ,words determine the trend of human events4 ,they make sad or glad the years we live4 ,like flowers or tares sown along the highway of life1 they make every landscape a little brighter or a little less lovely4 ,the tongue is equally capable of being the messenger of angels or of spirits of evil4 ,it can sting like an adder4 ,a thrust of the dagger or the sharp sting of a bullet1 and all is over2 but the sting of a hard word abides through the years4 ,it warps1 withers1 and embitters everything it touches4 ,the human heart shrivels under it like the drooping of a tender plant beneath the direct rays of the burning sun4 ,but a word in due season1 how good is it6 ,it helps the weary to take courage again4 ,it helps the broken life to make another effort4 ,it revives drooping hopes and purposes4 ,it counts for more than could a gift of gold or a bestowal of power4 ,a dozen years ago a school boy was standing1 tired and discouraged1 in the shadow of a dark stairway on the public square of the town4 ,he was away from home1 and he was almost down to his last cent4 ,he was not sure whether his hard efforts were worth the while4 ,he heard an approaching step4 ,it was one of his teachers4 ,he drew farther back1 not expecting the teacher to see him1 but the teacher did4 ,he stopped and said a good word for something the young fellow had done4 ,that was all it took to put fresh courage into a weary heart4 ,today that boy1 now become a man1 is still toiling on1 trying to do something worth the doing4 ,he is still at it for the sake of a simple sentence or two--in due season4 ,the value of a word is so great that the name best befits the nature of the ,master4 ,in the first chapter of the ,gospel according to ,john1 we find that ,jesus is repeatedly referred to as the ,word of ,god4 ,he is1 indeed1 an expression of that which men had so long thought to be inexpressible4 ,a ,word1 made flesh1 ,he came and dwelt among us1 and we beheld ,his glory4 ,words slip back the shutters from the windows of the inner life4 ,it is out of the abundance of the heart that the mouth is sure to speak4 ,the tongue is daily engaged in drawing an open picture of the heart4 ,the very vocabulary of a person will tell you the story of what goes on in the silence of his thoughts4 ,the power of uplifting speech and the right to enjoy helpful conversation are high privileges4 ,when a group of people are together1 a splendid opportunity is afforded for conversation which is not only self-improving but also mutually helpful4 ,it is worse than a tragedy when that never-recurring time is spent in conversation concerning what is foolish and evil4 ,is it not a standing wonder that1 when there are so many worthy themes1 anyone should be willing to allow his conversation to keep the slimy level of the soil8 ,words should pay respect to the dignity and beauty of language4 ,language has a majesty peculiarly its own1 and its sanctity ought never to be violated4 ,it is violated1 frequently1 in two especial ways4 ,the first is by the way of slang4 ,those who allow themselves to grow accustomed to slangy expressions do themselves and their language alike a great injustice4 ,they do themselves an injustice because speech so surely marks the man1 and the world will always take it as an indicator of character4 ,they do their language an injustice because every deviation from its defined paths tends to break down its dignity and power4 ,of course1 slang is not a cardinal sin1 but it is like a good many other things that are not cardinal sins in that the tendency is a bad one4 ,the cardinal sins are less dangerous because we are more afraid of them4 ,the second is by the way of extravagant and untrue utterance4 ,enough people have gone 8simply crazy0 about things to fill all the insane asylums to overflowing1 and it is a marvel how the cemeteries continue to provide room for all the people who have been tickled or scared 8to death0 or who have encountered so many things that were 8simply killing40 ,the users of these terms are people who have not stopped to contemplate the fact that simple ,english is always sufficient for the telling of the whole truth4 ,words are certain to react upon the speaker4 ,the effect upon others of a word let fly is equalled only by its effect upon the person who says it4 ,in other words1 speech possesses boomerang qualities4 ,just after ,william ,henry ,harrison had been nominated for the presidency in #ahdj1 a ,baltimore newspaper contemptuously called attention to his humble habitat by referring to him as 8,log ,cabin ,harrison40 ,instead of arousing prejudice against him1 as the utterance was meant to do1 it only stirred up a great popular enthusiasm in his behalf4 ,the public took up the cry as a slogan2 the log cabin became the campaign symbol2 and ,william ,henry ,harrison was elected4 ,when ,john ,wesley and a number of his fellow students who felt a desire for a deeper religious life formed a 8,holy ,club0 at ,oxford ,university1 they became so methodical in their habits and work that other students of the university dubbed them 8,methodists40 ,the name not only did not militate against them but ,john ,wesley remained a ,methodist1 and tens of thousands have been proud to bear the name that was first bestowed as an epithet of disgrace4 ,if there was anything derisive in the voice of ,pilate when he exclaimed 8,behold the man10 his derision has been increasingly mocked by the voice of history4 ,all the years have been obeying the command of the ,roman governor4 ,they have been beholding not only ,jesus but ,pilate also1 to the increasing fame and power of the one and the growing shame of the other4 ,if there was any taint of sarcasm in the words ,pilate ordered placed at the head of the ,cross1 the years have turned it into living truth4 ,the words have risen up to mock their maker4 ,slander is more than half the time the offspring of jealousy and envy4 ,the reason for a great deal of unjust and unkind comment is to be found in the proneness of man to condemn his brother most fiercely for that fault which lies most deeply imbedded in his own life4 ,adverse criticism is never a proper topic of conversation4 ,the chances are so great against the justice and truth of a harsh judgment that it should never have a place in human speech4 ,one reason for this is the fact that one never knows the inner story of his neighbor's life4 ,it is easy to fail to take into account the secret effort1 the unknown struggle1 the unheralded difficulty4 ,others have battles to fight and obstacles with which to contend of which we will never know4 ,it may be1 furthermore1 that in their situation we would not do so well as they4 ,another reason is the fact that we are not commissioned a race of judges and set to determine the guilt and weigh the faults of mankind4 ,even if it were our business to be judges1 we should be poor ones indeed if we failed to give the accused the benefit of the doubt4 ,there is plenty of time to speak when one can speak from indisputable facts4 ,there is an unwritten law which forbids speaking against the dead4 ,it may be wrong to speak against those who can no longer lift their voices in their own defense1 but it may also be remembered that1 though the dead cannot defend themselves1 neither do they need to do so4 ,they can no longer be harmed by the shaft of malice1 and will slumber as sweetly under the poison breath of the fault-finder as beneath the perfumed words of affection and appreciation4 ,with the living it is different4 ,they still care what men think of and say about them4 ,they can feel the stir of joy and the sting of pain4 ,they respond to kindness and recoil from the bitter and unjust word4 ,if a word is to be spoken against anybody1 it is far better that it be against the dead and that the living be spared the destruction of their all4 ,one of the best services to render to the world is to breathe a helpful word upon it4 ,it will be like a shower of cooling moisture on a field grown dry and dead4 ,in it you send forth a messenger imperishable4 ,it will echo where you little know1 and it will speak for you when your lips of clay can speak no more4 ,the ,line of ,necessity 7#aiah7 ,when a given course of action is considered or a particular step of progress is proposed1 many people are in the habit of questioning whether the thing is necessary4 ,they do not inquire whether it is desirable1 whether it is helpful1 or whether it is lovely4 ,the only question raised is as to its necessity4 ,the propounding of this question is not without its effect4 ,the people who ask it often rob a movement of its power and occasionally cause it to fail completely4 ,by its use a chill is often brought upon spirits which would otherwise throb with warmth4 ,the world is deprived of the influence of many a cheerful song1 helpful smile1 gracious act1 and kind word simply because the person who might have given them stopped to make this ever-recurring inquiry3 8,is it necessary80 ,the people who ask the question would themselves be the least willing to have their own lives and fortunes subjected to its merciless test4 ,they know full well that it would remove from their little worlds many of the things which now seem best and sweetest4 ,landscapes would lose the mystic charm which now serves to lift them above the commonplace4 ,daily experience would be robbed of the glamor which now makes life seem so sweet and beautiful4 ,the glory would fade from about the brow of friendship1 and even friendship itself perhaps would perish4 ,lovely as all these things are1 they do not belong to the list of things that are absolutely necessary4 ,they would pass away if life were denuded of all that the world could manage to get along without4 ,as a matter of fact1 many of the most blessed things we know lie on the farther side of the line of necessity4 ,if we were never to pass beyond that line1 then the world and all that it contains would be reduced to the impoverished outlines of the barest actuality4 ,there would be no place left for hope1 ambition1 and dream4 ,we should do no more work than is necessary1 and our labor could no longer be a daily progress toward the summit of some mount of hope4 ,we should have no more than is necessary1 and each would become less than a peasant4 ,we should love1 help1 and serve no more than is necessary1 and all the joy of the unselfish and the sacrificial would be taken from life4 ,we should have no more friends than is necessary1 and one by one those who have been our greatest inspiration would depart from our ken4 ,how poor a thing it would soon be to live6 ,life would indeed be soon reduced to the level of mere existence4 ,we should still be in the world1 but the glow and the loveliness would have departed4 ,our tables would be bare1 because we should eat only what is strictly necessary4 ,our clothing would be scant and poor1 for we should wear only what one must4 ,our lives would be solitary1 for association is a luxury and not a necessity4 ,kindness is unnecessary1 therefore our souls would shrivel and perish4 ,a once cheerful world would have grown dull and dead1 and the once joyful privilege of living would have suddenly been transformed into a grievous necessity4 ,it is the unnecessary that changes bare existence into throbbing and purposeful life4 ,a mere earth is changed into a lovely world by processes which might have been dispensed with4 ,a house is transformed into a home by graces which are not the children of necessity4 ,even ,bethlehem and ,calvary were not necessary4 ,the glory of their meaning comes rather from the fact that they sprang from good will alone4 ,the power of the ,cross springs largely from the fact that it could have been avoided4 ,we appreciate it because the ,master faced it willingly4 ,no one cares for the friend who is a friend under the pressure of some necessity4 ,we appreciate the friendship of those who are our friends because they simply want to be4 ,we do not care for the gift offered by some one who felt the force of some compulsion4 ,the impulse is to cast it from us in disdain4 ,we love the gift made by the impulse of a kindly heart1 not because it was a necessity but because it was a pleasure4 ,i once sat in a great gathering and heard a man with silver hair offer a bit of advice which sprang from a life of rich experience4 8,let us10 he said1 8during the week that we are together1 make it a point to be a little kinder to one another than is necessary40 ,life had taught him that the finer graces and the sweeter instincts are not necessary things4 ,they do not earn salary4 ,they do not satisfy the hunger of the body4 ,they are even sometimes discounted in the calculations of the shortsighted4 ,they are1 however1 the beautiful things4 ,they garland life and make it lovely4 ,if the men in that gathering were to be kind to one another1 it was desirable that they should be so for the sake of kindness1 and not for that of compulsion4 ,this was one of the first principles to engage the attention of the ,great ,teacher4 ,he said to a crowd of people one day that one gets no credit either on the books of heaven or in the courts of his own conscience until he has done a little better than was strictly necessary4 ,it is a little thing to give the coat that is asked for1 but it is a worthy thing to give the cloak which is not expected4 ,it is insignificant to travel the mile that is requested1 but it is worth while to go the second mile unasked4 ,one deserves no thanks for having loved his friend1 for that is easy1 but he who learns to love his enemies has achieved something really worth while4 ,these points from the ,sermon on the ,mount simply state the old principle of the beauty and value of the unnecessary4 ,it is the second mile traveled1 the overflowing kindness offered1 and the unnecessary act of goodness that sweeten and glorify the years4 ,these things make of life more than a gloomy journey through a valley of trouble4 ,they make it a glad procession across the hills of joy4 ,there is a higher law than that of necessity4 ,necessity may supply a skeleton for living1 but we are not interested in skeletons until they are clothed with flesh and vitalized with life4 ,it represents a framework for existence1 but the framework of a building does not seem worth while until it has added to it the complement of walls and the beauty of decorations4 ,it may represent the stage upon which the drama of life is to be enacted1 but the stage is empty and bare until the actors come upon it and lend it the enchantment of thought and action4 ,beyond the line of necessity lie the countless things which weave the web of splendor and throw the magic of enchantment about things4 ,necessity supplies the substance4 ,the unnecessary adds the glory4 ,the proper question to ask about a course of conduct to be followed or a thing to be obtained is not1 then1 that as to whether it is necessary4 ,it is that as to whether it is lovely and worth while4 ,we need to remember that if all the unnecessary acts were left undone and all the unnecessary words were left unsaid1 the world soon would cease to seem a fit place in which to live4 ,we need to remember that it is the will uncompelled that tames the wilderness1 that it is the hand unconstrained that reclaims the desert1 and that it is the kindness born of spontaneous impulse which brings into life the uplifting and the helpful4 ,of course we could get on without all these things4 ,we do not have to have the flowers2 we could dispense with the moonbeams2 our three meals a day do not depend upon the singing of the birds2 the world could no doubt continue on its way if the wind never again whispered a lullaby among the trees4 ,but this is not the kind of world for which the heart longs4 ,the deeper hunger is satisfied only with a world made beautiful with the things that were whispered only into the more sacred chambers of the heart of man--the beautiful and the unnecessary things4 ,some ,new ,facts ,about ,alcohol 7#aiah7 ,after all1 it may not have been so bad a thing that many defenders rose up during the past years to champion the failing cause of alcohol4 ,the debate which has resulted from their mistaken contentions has really led to a determination on the part of people in general to look into the question and to determine for themselves whether alcohol is really a benefit or a menace to the user4 ,no believer in abstinence needs to ask for anything better than just such a spirit of scientific investigation4 ,the best thing that can happen to the truth is that it be investigated4 ,such investigation into the drink question has been the result of the general questioning1 and it has led to the general conclusion that alcohol works harm and not good to the human system4 ,one of the most useful of ,american scientific establishments is the ,carnegie ,institution at ,washington4 ,during the last few years1 two of its experts1 ,drs4 ,dodge and ,benedict1 have been following special lines of study on the effect of alcohol upon the human brain and nervous system4 ,their achievements in this field of investigation have been notable for both their scientific and their moral value4 ,these investigations were1 of course1 conducted with that care which always characterizes the work of the genuine scientist4 ,the laboratory expert never works from a prejudiced viewpoint4 ,he approaches his task with an open mind4 ,he does not seek the proof of some contention of his own4 ,he looks for nothing more nor less than the truth about a thing4 ,he would rather fail altogether in an investigation than to reach a false conclusion and publish it to the world4 ,such a result would not only be failure but deception as well4 ,when one is following the results of the work of a true scientist1 he may rely upon it that no unfair advantage will be taken of the facts4 ,of course1 it must be remembered that much still remains to be discovered concerning alcohol4 ,those who have studied the subject thus far have only been pioneers in their field4 ,we shall learn a great deal more about it1 but we have already learned enough to indicate the fact that alcohol is an enemy of men4 ,one of the conclusions reached is that alcohol is not1 as has so long been supposed1 a stimulant4 ,it is1 instead1 really a depressant4 ,the seeming increase of vitality which follows its use is entirely deceptive4 ,according to fundamental tests1 it really robs the body of a measure of vitality4 ,we have long been accustomed to suppose the case otherwise4 ,even the most ardent opponent of liquor has taken for granted its power to stimulate4 ,working upon the basis of this assumption1 the medical profession has too long taken it for granted that1 being a stimulant1 alcohol had a proper and rightful place in the dispensing of drugs and the practice of medicine4 ,of course1 the use of alcohol is always followed by a certain increase of seeming vivacity4 ,the user becomes more talkative1 and1 up to a certain stage1 even more active4 ,whence do these manifestations come1 and what is their cause1 if alcohol depresses rather than stimulates8 ,they rise directly from the fact that the depressing effect of alcohol reaches to the inhibitory centers--the storehouses of self-control4 ,the point is1 then1 that alcohol does not increase the power of action4 ,it only decreases the power of self-restraint4 ,the things one does and says when under the influence of liquor are simply the things from the doing or saying of which he would ordinarily have restrained himself4 ,if he were sober1 his words and actions would be tempered with good judgment4 ,under the influence of liquor1 he has no fear of any kind of risk or trespass4 ,some have supposed that these manifestations prove the power of liquor to render one temporarily clever4 ,the fact is that the seeming cleverness in the actions or words of a tipsy person simply represents the things which1 as a sober person1 he would know better than to do or say4 ,each advance in our knowledge of the effect of alcohol upon the human system only serves to confirm the old contention that it is a foe of efficiency4 ,this is true not only because it tends to deteriorate the tissues and organs of the body1 but also because it strikes directly at the seat of reason as well4 ,the muscular reflex is dulled4 ,the power to react to sounds and other stimuli is distinctly lessened4 ,the memory is affected4 ,the fingers lose approximately nine per cent of their deftness4 ,the eye loses about eleven per cent of its quickness and accuracy4 ,these are results following directly upon the effects exerted by alcohol upon the brain and nervous system in general4 ,ordinary men failed to slay the hydra of old because they struck only at some one of its many heads4 ,it perished only when there came a man who thought to strike at the one vital center4 ,alcohol does not content itself with striking at those parts of the physical life which are able to renew themselves or without which the life can still go on4 ,it strikes at the seat of all that makes life worth while4 ,it stands second in the list of causes of insanity4 ,it damages the efficiency of many thousands1 however1 who never reach the stage of complete insanity4 ,no further words are needed to indicate the truth of the old dictum that drink and workmanship do not go together4 ,each ounce of liquor consumed reduces a man's capacity for skilled labor by a definite and unfailing percentage4 ,it has always been important that a workman should be at his best1 but it has now come to be more so than ever before4 ,the powers of men are taxed in an unusual degree1 and processes of production are put upon the most severe strain of all their history4 ,in former years1 one owed it to himself1 his family1 and his friends to steer clear of alcohol1 but his obligation is now vastly increased4 ,he owes it to his country and his flag as well4 ,an interesting development concerning the effect of alcohol upon human efficiency has come as a result of the military efforts of the last several years4 ,it has been proven that liquor makes a poor soldier4 ,this is true in spite of the notion that once prevailed to the effect that strong drink was a necessity in an army camp4 ,a few cherish that notion still1 but their tribe steadily decreases4 ,about six years before the outbreak of the great war1 the ,bavarian ministry of war determined upon a shooting tournament in which the participating marksmen were to be under various degrees of the influence of alcohol4 ,thousands of shots were fired1 and the results were very important and significant from both the military and the human viewpoint4 ,it was found that a man can not hope1 after taking a drink of liquor1 to shoot with the accuracy that was his before4 ,under even the slightest degrees of intoxication the marksmanship of the participants was lowered1 in many cases as much as twelve per cent4 ,the tournament mentioned also emphasized the promptness of the effect of alcohol upon the nerves4 ,it was discovered that the influence of a drink of liquor begins to manifest itself in a man's marksmanship almost immediately after the beverage is taken4 ,five minutes suffices in any case for the results to begin to show4 ,as moments multiply1 the effect is increasingly apparent4 ,as is true of work1 war in the latest notable instance is no haphazard thing4 ,it requires mechanical accuracy and scientific precision1 and it can not be successfully carried on by a race of inebriates4 ,however much we may hope that warfare will soon be a thing of the past1 while it remains with us our only hope of escaping death in its awful clutches is our disposition and ability to maintain efficient armies4 ,an efficient army necessarily means1 for one thing1 a sober one4 ,whether in the workshop or in the military camp1 liquor and efficiency are sworn and uncompromising foes4 ,facing the ,future 7#aiai7 ,it has become a common tendency on the part of a certain group of people to continually glorify the 8good old days40 ,the type of mind possessed by this group sets the past up as a sort of fetish4 ,as it were1 they move forward with their faces turned backward4 ,some strange glamour about the by-gone days proves irresistibly fascinating4 ,the past is the standard by which they judge all things4 ,the present is good or bad to them according as it conforms or fails to conform to that standard4 ,such a criterion would not be so bad a thing if those who establish it only took pains to remember the past as it really was4 ,such is not the case1 however4 ,they remember it with all its imperfections omitted4 ,the past which they treasure is built of dreams4 ,it held much that was dear to them1 and it came at the hopeful and exultant period of their lives4 ,they therefore treasure its dead years in memory as a sort of acme of all the perfections which any age can possess4 ,this process continues until it becomes a fixed mental habit4 ,it is then indulged almost as unconsciously as the drawing of breath4 ,at this point in the history of one's thought-life his standards have become second nature4 ,a thing is then proven good if its definite relation to the good old days can be established4 ,on the other hand1 it is at once proven frivolous and superficial if it is shown to originate in the present age4 ,no real thought process is here involved4 ,the thing is only an assumption and is simply taken for granted4 ,it reveals itself in daily conversation4 ,it even reveals itself in the language of the sanctuary where the truth is assumed to prevail4 ,the truth1 however1 is never reached by methods of prejudice or undue assumption4 ,it is approached by fair and honest habits of thought4 ,we need but to look at the facts4 ,if they indicate that the old days were better than the new1 they must be accepted as dependable authority4 ,whatever the truth may be1 it will prevail4 ,we must give it right of way1 however unwelcome its conclusions may seem4 ,it is as changeless as its ,creator4 ,we must accept it as we find it1 but we dare not fail to look first at the facts and form our conclusions accordingly4 ,of course1 distance lends enchantment to the view4 ,this1 however1 is not a reason for persisting in error4 ,it is one of the facts to be taken into consideration in estimating the relative values to be placed upon the distant and the near4 ,when a gunner is getting the range of a target an angle must be computed between the target and a point at each side of the gun4 ,various conditions which may affect the shot1 however1 must also be considered4 ,among these are the movement of the target1 the condition of the atmosphere1 and the direction and velocity of the wind4 ,just such influences must also be considered in taking mental aim4 ,the tendency mentioned above is one of them4 ,in some ways it is a fortunate fact that we are prone to forget the sordid in the past4 ,it is better that it should be the good rather than the evil of past days that is best remembered4 ,this is one of the hopeful elements in human nature4 ,it is a fact1 nevertheless1 that sordid elements existed in the ages gone4 ,each epoch has had its failings1 and each generation has discovered that life has its seamy side4 ,it is an interesting commentary on this common human tendency that one of the last utterances of ,george ,washington was an expression of regret that the spirit of the old times seemed to be passing1 and that the tendencies of the new age seemed less hopeful and promising4 ,more than a century has gone by since this lament was uttered4 ,the world is still having its struggles1 just as it did then4 ,the prices1 the weather1 and the conditions produced by the war are still making the grounds for daily complaint1 just as was the case in other days4 ,the race is still achieving some progress1 however1 and most of us still believe that the most promising days of civilization are yet to be4 ,the lament of the passing of the good old days may be found in times more remote1 however1 than even those of ,george ,washington4 ,some years ago an archeological investigator discovered an ancient ,egyptian record which1 when its message had been deciphered1 was found to be a complaint that the good old days seemed to have passed1 and that great uncertainty attached to the dawning period which was entirely too different from the past4 ,so it appears that this regretful attitude is not a new story4 ,ever since human nature has existed these lugubrious things have been said4 ,only the use of the power of reason is necessary1 however1 to see that the world has1 after all1 made wonderful progress in most things since the writing of the old ,egyptian records1 and even since the days of ,george ,washington4 ,the past and its real achievements should never be discounted4 ,the present owes all that it is to the fact that it is built on ages gone by1 and that its foundations were so well laid by hands which now rest from their labors4 ,all things considered1 however1 each age has been a little better than the age preceding it4 ,it is not proper to say that the old days were better than the new1 unless it is proper to say that the foundation is better than the superstructure4 ,the things that were served simply as the basis and preparation for the things that are4 ,we can appreciate the past without discounting the present4 ,we can also glorify the present without discounting the past4 ,each epoch has had its own particular place to fill and each generation has had its own particular part to play in the general scheme of things4 ,no age could properly be exchanged for any other1 nor could any generation properly fill another's place4 ,we must take the facts of history as they are4 ,each age is best for its own time and in its own place4 ,certain things are changeless4 ,there are great1 abiding quantities which necessarily remain the same throughout the years4 ,human affection1 love of home1 fidelity to a country1 ambition for success1 and the religious instinct are among those things4 ,while the essential nature of these things is changeless1 yet their outward manifestation does undergo development4 ,love remains the same1 yet men learn how to enlarge its meaning4 ,patriotism is the same1 yet it assumes higher forms with advancing standards of national life4 ,the heart of religion is changeless1 yet religion receives an ever more adequate and satisfying interpretation4 ,the new days cannot change the nature of abiding things1 but they can increase the adaptability of those things to human needs4 ,our times are not perfect4 ,however1 the old days also fell short of perfection4 ,not only did they have their struggles and their failings1 but those struggles and failings menaced the race just as seriously as have any of later days4 ,we too easily forget what the past was like4 ,we also fail to take a full inventory of the meaning of the present4 ,all in all1 it is safe to assume that men are sound at heart4 ,each age struggles on as well as it knows how4 ,we get up the hill a little way and then fall back4 ,on the whole1 however1 we climb a little more distance than we tumble4 ,we are not moving backward from the perfect to the less perfect ages as ,ovid wrote4 ,we are moving forward to the divine event of which ,tennyson dreamed4 ,we are tending toward that perfect social condition revealed in the visions of the seer of ,patmos--a new heaven and a new earth4 ,the past was that the best might come4 ,the last of life for which the first was made is a racial as well as a personal hope4 ,life's ,backgrounds 7#aiai7 ,an ancient thinker remarked that life is spent like a tale that is told4 ,it might just as truly be said that life is like a picture that is painted4 ,it is a series of scenes which1 when all are finished1 becomes a panorama4 ,it demands perspective4 ,in order to have this1 it possesses1 just as does a picture1 a foreground1 a mid-ground1 and a background4 ,the foreground is simply a bit of nothing in particular4 ,it contributes nothing substantial4 ,it is only there to give relief and proportion4 ,it does not amount to much1 but the picture would not be complete without it4 ,life has some phases which are quite like it4 ,they do not count for anything substantial1 but they help to furnish a setting for the parts that are really important4 ,the mid-ground contains the real picture4 ,the important figures1 objects1 and action are all there4 ,it corresponds to the toils1 the concerns1 and the achievements which go to make up life4 ,life's mid-ground is composed of its realities4 ,the background is the part that stretches away in the distance4 ,it may not consist of much4 ,cloudland1 shadows1 or distant hills or woods may be all it presents to the view4 ,it is that against which the outlines of the real picture are cast4 ,it is a determining factor1 for from it the picture seems to spring4 ,from such a picture as ,millet's ,angelus1 for instance1 take the background with its little church from the tower of which the bell is calling to prayer1 and you have removed the whole motive and explanation of the picture itself4 ,a natural harmony exists between the picture and its background4 ,the detail cannot appropriately be anything except what its background determines that it shall be4 ,the background of life's picture is no less determining4 ,one of life's backgrounds is character4 ,this is an invisible thing1 but the fact that a thing is hidden from the eyes of men does not make it in the least less real4 ,there is no means by which it may be measured or weighed as other things are1 but there is no more potent factor in the determination of a life4 ,it may be seldom taken into account in human calculations4 ,the practical and workaday world insists that it does not care about vague1 mystical things4 ,it is only concerned about the practical questions of definite action4 ,it only asks what a man can really do4 ,this is all very well1 but the man himself must not forget that what he can do and what he will do are entirely determined by what he is4 ,correct conduct of the sustained sort does not come as the result of calculation4 ,one may stand upon artificial good behavior for an hour or a day1 but he cannot do it permanently without the staying force of a fixed principle4 ,it takes more than good resolutions to make an ethical life4 ,one must more than have an axe to grind if he expects to deport himself well in any constant way4 ,no matter what the reward may be1 the lure of reward alone cannot lastingly elevate life to a high grade of ability and action4 ,whitewash cannot change the fact of hidden faultiness4 ,the heart of a thing alone reveals the truth4 ,the hands of a clock do not have to stop and figure their course and speed4 ,if they did1 they would be forever getting out of harmony with their purpose and with one another4 ,they are moved and regulated by machinery which the ordinary observer does not see4 ,the world only asks to be told what time it is1 but the hands of the clock could not give the information were there not maintained a background of mechanism operating according to fixed and permanent principles4 ,in this regard the clock is a very good analogy of a life4 ,another of life's backgrounds is preparation4 ,how one really conducts himself is largely a question of whether or not he is prepared to do the right thing4 ,opportunity does not fail anyone1 but a great many people fail opportunity by not being prepared for it when it arrives4 ,they may seize their chances1 but they do not perform their part well because they have not gotten themselves ready in mind1 hand1 or soul4 ,an attempt to play any worthy part in life without proper preparation gives the same general impression as does a picture without a background4 ,the result is unsatisfying4 ,not all of life's preparation can be specific4 ,it is well enough to make specific preparation for the expected task of a given day4 ,that specific preparation is at its best1 however1 only when it is backed up with a strong general preparation4 ,this general background of preparation cannot be made in a day4 ,it is the result of sustained reading1 thinking1 and trying throughout the years4 ,pliny the ,elder used to have books read to him during every spare moment4 ,when working at a sawmill1 ,daniel ,webster used to carry reading matter with which to occupy himself to advantage during the three-minute periods required for the log-carriage to pass the saw4 ,these men were merely hanging backgrounds for action when the time should come to act4 ,its fabric was woven of thought1 knowledge1 and personality4 ,a musical artist1 when asked the secret of his success1 remarked that before anyone can expect to be an artist he must first expect to be a drudge4 ,this principle holds good in everything4 ,whoever succeeds must carry a cross of self-denial4 ,the public will suppose that he does his work with ease4 ,few will suspect his toils and sacrifices4 ,he will1 however1 pay dearly for all the genius he acquires4 ,while others sleep he will work1 building the background from which will some day burst the outlines of worthy achievement4 ,another of life's backgrounds is its relationships4 ,in greater measure than many will suspect1 the things we are and do will always spring from the influence of the friends we have had and the loves we have known4 ,the ties that bind us to the hearts of others are the cables that help to drag us toward the dust or to lift us in the direction of the heights4 ,back of the lives of the great1 the despicable1 and the insignificant alike1 even back of the great deeds and movements of history1 one can detect the presence of the silent shadows of those who have made or marred4 ,as the kindly old teacher built his own soul into the life of ,geordie ,hoo1 the 8,lad o' ,pairts10 so has someone spoken of his or her own spirit into the lives of each of us4 ,so is life's picture painted4 ,we are often so busy that we forget the background1 but when we think about it we see again the faces that have smiled1 the hands that have lifted1 the toils that have helped1 the qualities that have steadied and impelled4 ,without its background a picture would be a lone bit of detail without perspective or relief4 ,a life cannot be so4 ,we are not unrelated beings4 ,our lives are linked with all the generations of all the ages4 ,we are in league with all that has being4 ,we are the products of the ages past and the forces present4 ,powers seen and unseen have largely made us what we are4 ,the ,new ,philosophy 7#aibj7 ,old ideals and purposes have undergone sweeping revision4 ,the very social structure has proved obsolete and is being reorganized4 ,in the general process of readjustment1 the various lines of thought and knowledge have not remained unaffected4 ,particularly have the more speculative subjects undergone a decided change in their dominant spirit and motive4 ,without exception1 they have been brought down from the ethereal levels of their former dwelling-places and have been made to deal with the practical things of a practical world4 ,this has been particularly true of ,philosophy4 ,the present period has1 in fact1 marked a revolutionary point in the history of that subject4 ,we have faced many stern crises during the last few years1 and it is natural that they should be reflected in our thinking4 ,the necessity of meeting these crises has forced our thinking into definite1 practical1 and original channels4 ,in our time of need we found that1 while the old formulae had possessed their value1 they did not offer sufficient help for the problems of the new day4 ,there was nothing to do but to formulate new ones that were vital in their bearing upon our problems now4 ,a hint at the new spirit of ,philosophy is given in the fact that the title of the presidential address before the ,american ,philosophical ,association at its #aiaf meeting was3 8,on ,some ,conditions of ,progress in ,philosophical ,enquiry40 ,this title suggests that the new outlook is forward rather than backward1 and that the philosophical searchlight is now turned outward as well as inward4 ,it indicates the fact that philosophers feel a growing realization that advancement is the proper aim of human endeavor1 and that the vital problem of ,philosophy is human welfare and progress4 ,the older ,philosophy was scientifically productive only in a measurable degree4 ,it spent itself somewhat too largely in unprofitable contentions4 ,it had a great many exceptional minds working at random on many problems1 but it lacked a definite and commonly accepted plan of co-operative investigation4 ,the old ,philosophy was largely an art4 ,the new is altogether a science4 ,the last few years1 with their turmoil and suffering1 have brought the thinking world to understand that ,philosophy holds great potentiality as a determining factor in national and world affairs4 ,the pressure of the world conditions which lately existed1 and which in a measure still exist1 has generated a proof of this statement4 ,we have had a perfect flood of books and articles on the subject of ,philosophy as it applies in the social and political fields4 ,we could not have looked intelligently upon the events of #aiad and the several years preceding without seeing the power of ,philosophy in the shaping of national ideals4 ,germany's policy throughout the war was the direct result of the philosophy which has for years been taught in the ,german schools and encouraged by the ,german government4 ,a wrong philosophy can lead a nation to its ruin within the space of a few generations4 ,a worthy one can as promptly and definitely determine a nation's progress and happiness4 ,possibly the majority of people dream1 as some have long done1 of some day making this a peaceful planet4 ,if we ever achieve such an end1 we shall have to do it through the establishment of a peaceful philosophy4 ,the thinkers of a nation sow the seeds4 ,the people sooner or later harvest the fruit4 ,one of the most vital problems now confronting the philosopher is that of giving to the world a sane basis for peace4 ,this involves a system of right human and international relationships4 ,it involves also an adequate plan for social reconstruction4 ,these are things for which the world must depend upon its thinkers4 ,fortunately1 its thinkers realize their duty and are already busy at their task4 ,philosophical writing in books and periodicals indicates a common tendency to emphasize the forward look in a spirit of genuine concern for social progress4 ,this is the normal result of a social unrest which seeks the realization of a safe and dependable international ideal4 ,philosophy has entered very largely into the making of the life of the various nations4 ,social life is1 however1 a sort of chambered nautilus which one by one outgrows the barriers of earlier customs and conceptions4 ,the time seems now to have arrived when national ideals can be best realized through co-operation in some form of international union4 ,this new social life1 organized according to a world plan1 ,philosophy is struggling to help actualize4 ,the fact that this is one of the supreme concerns of present-day thinking is indicated in the general theme for discussion at the meeting of the ,american ,association held in ,december of #aiag4 ,it was3 8,ethics and ,international ,relations40 ,nor is ,america the only country in which this leavening process of philosophical inquiry has been in progress4 ,it is also very noticeable in the trend of ,french thought4 ,indeed the burden of contemporary ,french ,philosophy is largely to the effect that the proper goal of the ,french ,nationalism of yesterday is to be found in the dawning ,internationalism of tomorrow4 ,if it continues long enough1 the thinking of any nation or group of nations crystallizes into definite and actual form4 ,the material result of the internationalistic trend of thinking and agitation of the various countries involved will have been an inciting cause4 ,the present ideal will remain dominant until a larger and more adequate one is found4 ,it is interesting to note how the general recasting of philosophical thought is reflected in the new nomenclature which has now grown familiar to the philosophical pen4 ,in the vocabulary of the modern philosopher1 such words as democracy1 humanity1 fraternity1 and liberty are apparent4 ,the modern idea is1 moreover1 not merely to discuss these things but also to apply them4 ,a great nation or a great race is dependent upon the performance of great actions proceeding from great motives4 ,the fact that ,philosophy is more and more a program of action is indicative of our future4 ,not all the questions of ,philosophy are political or social1 either4 ,it has taken a fresh hold upon the equally vital problems of ,ethics and ,religion4 ,lately1 men have been obliged to face serious questions4 ,the trend of ,philosophy indicates that they are trying to answer them and to gauge their actions by the truth arrived at4 ,the result will be a more satisfactory1 adequate1 and serviceable idea of such facts as those of ,god1 ,right1 ,religion1 and ,providence4 ,each fiber of the social structure will reveal the effects of the new enthusiasm now evident in the field of the ,philosophy of ,religion4 ,psychology1 closely related as it is to ,philosophy1 presents much the same present-day aspect4 ,it reveals what is called a behavioristic turn4 ,pragmatism seems to be having its day4 ,in this busy1 exacting1 problematic time1 the world wants results1 and it means to cling only to that which can produce them4 ,we must not forget1 however1 that ,realism is never wholly at its best when unmixed with ,idealism4 ,the physical and the metaphysical are not only mutually dependent1 but they are two different phases of the same thing4 ,the basis of the new order will not be exclusively material4 ,in it1 both the seen and the unseen world will have their place and consideration4 ,mind and matter will not be rivals4 ,hope and achievement will be partners4 ,the things of the spirit and those of sense will be jointly supreme4 ,the ,sense of the ,human 7#aibj7 ,in his book1 8,what ,men ,live ,by10 ,dr4 ,richard ,c4 ,cabot makes what might be called a plea for the sense of the human4 ,in speaking of the peril of looking on individuals in terms of sex rather than in terms of personality1 he carries the matter a little farther4 ,he says the physician should not look on a patient as merely a sort of walking disease1 that the teacher should not think of the student as merely a piece of raw material for the educative process1 and that the lawyer should see more in his client than a case at law4 ,the point is clear4 ,it is that we need to treasure the sense of the human1 to keep alive a proper estimate of the human values1 and to fulfil our obligation to the thinking1 toiling1 feeling people about us4 ,people are the one great concern for one's mind4 ,humanity is the center of all creation1 and the proper object of all our striving4 ,there is much in the world about us that is more or less negligible4 ,we have to do with it4 ,it plays its part in our daily round of life4 ,it seems necessary in the scheme of things that we have established4 ,yet there is nothing permanent or supremely vital about it4 ,these negligible things1 however1 do not include the human beings with whom we associate and with whom we have to deal4 ,they belong to an altogether different class of interests4 ,humanity is one of the few everlasting things in the swiftly changing picture of this world's temporary landscape4 ,moreover1 it is the one thing which reacts with suffering when it is wronged1 and is thrilled with joy at the deed of kindness4 ,humanity1 therefore1 is our great concern4 ,we need to keep the sense of it very clear and responsive4 ,it is important that we look further than the cheap and often sordid glare which surrounds us4 ,beyond it we can always behold a sea of human faces4 ,each represents a person who shares the common lot of humanity4 ,each has his hopes1 joys1 fears1 struggles1 and anxieties4 ,there are among them many unwritten stories of heroism1 many unvoiced pleadings of need1 many unsuspected opportunities for service4 ,there is no measuring the possibilities hidden in that circle of faces4 ,daily we see people about us without realizing their presence and what it means4 ,this is altogether possible1 for seeing and realizing are two entirely different things4 ,one may see a rose by his path every morning for days or every summer for many seasons1 and yet never be really impressed with its beauty4 ,one morning he stops and notes its form1 and color1 and perfume4 ,his soul reaches out in answer to its silent message4 ,on this particular morning he has not only seen1 but he has also realized the presence of the rose4 ,in the same way we need to realize the presence of people about us4 ,if we did so1 we would see that we have with them a great mutuality of interest and need4 ,we would realize the tenderness of their hearts1 the worth of their lives1 the presence of the immortal image upon them4 ,the sense of the human must be kept uppermost in our relation to money and money-making4 ,if it is not1 one soon gets into the wrong relation to his money1 and it becomes a curse when it might as well have been a blessing4 ,this is a point at which many make a serious mistake4 ,they enter life with the right viewpoint and understand that money is only a means to the happiness and well-being of people4 ,as time goes on1 however1 their plans and purposes get out of adjustment4 ,they become guilty of the fatal assumption that people are a means to the making of money4 ,accordingly1 they keep wages at too low a level2 sacrifice the lives of men to bad air1 poor working conditions1 and dangerous machinery2 and subordinate the interests of living human beings to the declaring of dividends4 ,not only do they assume this perilous attitude toward others1 but they also assume the same attitude toward themselves and their families4 ,they have simply allowed money to get into the position of an end instead of that of a means4 ,it has become a fetish instead of a convenience4 ,the trouble is largely a lost sense of the human4 ,the man who succumbs to this common temptation takes love1 hope1 kindliness1 and human appreciation from the high pedestal which they should by right occupy1 and puts a golden idol in their place4 ,the value of a dollar is measured by its power to make life more worth living for some human being4 ,the more people it can make comfortable and happy the more valuable it is4 ,when it is appropriated to any other purpose1 it is removed from its right relationship to the general scheme of things4 ,as an end within itself1 it is not worth the struggle it costs in the acquiring4 ,its one business is to purchase comfort for and render service to people4 ,the sense of the human is also necessary in the administration of government4 ,throughout the ages1 there have been two dominating ideas of empire4 ,one is the autocratic idea1 and the other is the democratic idea4 ,the former has held that the state exists for the sake of itself and its rulers4 ,the latter has held that the state exists for the good of its population4 ,the former has steadily lost ground4 ,the latter has as steadily gained it4 ,a certain ,french monarch is said to be the author of the declaration3 8,i am the state40 ,whether he said it or not1 there have been plenty of national leaders in history whose deeds would indicate their faith in such a governmental philosophy4 ,from the first1 such a race has been destined to perish4 ,there is no place in the modern conception of government for any regime which does not strive to better the condition of the people within its scope of power4 ,in these times we see with increasing clearness that there is but one worthy conception of kingliness1 and that it is the kingliness of service4 ,incidentally1 against such there are no revolutions4 ,a good public official thinks often of the eyes that are turned in his direction to see what he is going to do1 of the lives that depend upon his action for much of their peace and contentment1 of the children who must have food1 of the aged who must have shelter1 and of the struggling who must have encouragement4 ,to him1 the people are not simply something to govern4 ,they are human beings1 the mission of whose government is to see that each of them has his complete opportunity in life4 ,nowhere in these days do we need more to have the sense of the human keen and operative than in our industrial system4 ,it is a question worth asking whether we would have our present industrial turmoils if the men who buy labor and the men who sell it would make a serious effort to know and understand one another4 ,it seems that most of the trouble and strife of this world is the result of a lack of mutual human understanding4 ,capitalists and laboring men segregate themselves in different neighborhoods1 churches1 lodges1 and social circles4 ,they need to mingle on a common basis1 be in one another's homes1 know one another's families1 and enter into the spirit each of the others' joys and troubles4 ,one is certainly not religiously heterodox when he contends for such a principle4 ,nothing stands out more clearly in the philosophy of the ,man of ,galilee than this particular ideal4 ,the emphasis of ,jesus was upon the human being4 ,he held all men in much the same esteem1 for to ,him a human being was inherently worthy of respect and honor4 ,his friends were a varied group4 ,he could meet a tax collector1 a fisherman1 an erring ,samaritan woman1 a rich host1 a conscience-stricken tradesman1 an afflicted sufferer1 a sinful woman1 or a little child1 and make each one feel that they had found a friend4 ,when we learn to be like ,him1 we shall possess the same viewpoint4 ,the ,holy ,spirit and ,social ,viewpoint 7#aibb7 ,it is the idea of some that the old ,methodist standard of personal experience is a mere individualistic viewpoint1 and that it is inadequate because it sounds no social note4 ,they feel that the visitation of the ,divine ,spirit will do well enough for the man1 but that it has no provision for the group4 ,it will do for a personal experience but not for a mass movement1 they say4 ,this is one of the mistakes that has led to the present lack of emphasis on the person and work of the ,holy ,spirit4 ,that it is a mistake is easy to see on second thought4 ,the salvation of the group can only be accomplished by the salvation of the individuals who compose it4 ,one by one we must come to the throne of grace4 ,one by one we must confess our sins and seek pardon4 ,one by one we must have our hearts transformed4 ,one by one we must go back to the ways of existence and live anew4 ,a righteous community1 state1 or nation is only a group of individuals wearing1 each for himself1 the clean1 white garments of right living4 ,however1 the ,holy ,spirit can possess the mind of the group as well as that of the individual4 ,it was so on the ,day of ,pentecost4 ,those present entered into that great spiritual experience as one person4 ,they were gathered with one accord in one place4 ,these are the two conditions to any such manifestation of divine power4 ,they felt the experience more keenly and profited from it more largely because their minds were fused into a common consciousness4 ,the social gospel needs the ,holy ,spirit element in it just as much as the individualistic gospel ever did4 ,as we once tried to have the ,holy ,spirit transform hearts1 and still must1 so too we must now endeavor to have the ,holy ,spirit cleanse and exalt social relationships4 ,what it once did for the man1 and still does1 we must also seek that it shall do for the mass4 ,civilization 7#aibi7 ,a visitor from ,mars found his way to the planet ,earth4 ,needless to say1 he found plenty of things here to interest him4 ,many questions occurred to him4 ,some of them he asked4 ,others1 being a gentleman1 he kept in the silence of his own thoughts4 ,he noticed that the earth people had a haggard and hunted look4 ,on the street he looked in vain for happy faces4 ,eyes were dull and tired4 ,features were drawn and hard4 ,steps were either quick with nervous ambition or slow with lagging weariness4 ,he asked about it1 and was told that these people were working very long hours4 ,many of them had very exacting positions to fill during the regular working hours of the day1 performing the duties incident to some other line of work evenings1 odd hours1 and holidays4 ,those who did not do this had to work hard all day1 then help themselves along in business by seeking profitable and advantageous social contacts in the evening4 ,they were often too tired1 yet they and their families had to force themselves to it4 ,the visitor from ,mars asked why people punished themselves in such a way1 struggling to get in another hour1 earn another dollar1 see another prospect1 or sell another customer1 before quitting for the day2 denying themselves and their families the joy of companionship2 driving on when they longed for blue skies1 green fields1 laughing waters1 and roses4 8,they must make money10 was the answer4 8,there is a standard of living to be kept up1 family position to maintain1 children to push along4 ,the country is developing4 ,skyscrapers are going up4 ,science1 invention1 and discovery are putting all kinds of new and wonderful things at our disposal4 ,its weight is upon us4 ,it increases1 for each year we think we must do better and have more4 ,the competition is keen and fierce4 ,it drives us hard40 8,i see10 said the visitor from ,mars4 8,and what do you call this giant thing you have built up with which to crush yourselves80 8,civilization10 was the reply4 ,the ,road ,uphill 7#aibi7 ,one day in the year #ebj ,b4 ,c41 ,zechariah was preaching in ,jerusalem4 ,he had been in ,babylon during the great captivity1 and had returned with some other ,jews in the hope of rebuilding the ruined capital and beginning anew their broken national life4 ,he asked the younger people to avoid the sins which in their fathers had wrought all this ruin4 ,he meant that in successively better generations is the road uphill for the race4 ,one day ,i met a father who was some twelve inches shorter than his accompanying son4 ,the difference was the more conspicuous in that they were close companions4 ,some one referred to it1 and the father replied that he considered it was as it should be--each generation a little taller than the preceding one4 ,i knew what he meant4 ,he had seen where lies the road uphill4 ,in #agad1 in a little ,english tavern1 a boy was born who was destined to affect the history of religion4 ,george ,whitefield was brought up cleaning floors and selling drink to the rough frequenters of his father's tavern4 ,he worked his way through ,oxford since his parents were little concerned with such matters4 ,he lived to make hearts tremble with his prophetic voice and to plant undying works of ,christian service and benevolence4 ,he pushed a little ahead of what his parents were4 ,that is the road uphill4 ,during the presidency of ,general ,grant1 an old sailor went to the ,white ,house to object that the naval department had promoted his son to a place of authority above him1 saying that it would not look right to be taking orders from his own son4 ,the ,president replied that he had just appointed his father1 ,jesse ,grant1 postmaster in a little town in a distant state1 and that he did not seem to mind taking orders from his own son4 ,jesse ,grant had seen the road uphill4 ,one day in a ,nazarene synagogue1 ,mary's ,son stood up and read from the ,book of ,isaiah ,his own commission to proclaim the kingdom of ,god4 ,his human heritage was a long line of choice ancestors1 but ,he had surpassed all those behind ,him in the line4 ,he was traveling and leading ,his race along the road uphill4 ,some ,stories ,about ,beethoven 7#aiae7 ,the world of art remembers two figures which are especially pathetic1 and for similar reasons4 ,one is that of ,homer1 the bard1 living in a world the beauties of which he loved but could not see4 ,the other is that of ,beethoven1 the musician1 living in the midst of harmonies which he loved but which were denied to his unhearing ears4 ,a great soul may be better able than others to fortify itself against the terrors of misfortune1 but it is at the same time more keenly sensitive to them4 ,blindness is more of a tragedy to one who would more especially love and appreciate beauty1 could he see it4 ,deafness is more of a tragedy to one whose ears feel a special hunger for the harmonies of sound4 ,ludwig van ,beethoven was not only the greatest master of the classical school in music4 ,he was also one of the strong and unique personalities of his day4 ,he was not a puppet who fell a slave to usage and custom4 ,the outlines of his nature were clear and bold4 ,he acted with no uncertain meaning and spoke with no uncertain sound4 ,that he was wholly original and self-reliant is shown in many incidents1 the record of which has been preserved from among his busy and eventful years4 ,for him mere conventionalities had no terrors4 ,when the law of established custom seemed just and sufficient1 he observed it4 ,when it did not1 he became a law unto himself4 ,he placed the claims of life1 right1 and truth in a place of supremacy over all other claims4 ,one of his pupils1 ,ferdinand ,ries1 once attempted to convince him of the impropriety of certain use he had made of consecutive fifths in one of his compositions4 ,during the discussion ,ries called attention to a number of composers who had forbidden their use in the manner under discussion4 ,when ,ries had finished1 ,beethoven replied with spirit1 8,and they have forbidden them6 ,well1 ,i allow them40 ,as has been said1 self-reliance was one of the strongest elements in his nature4 ,at one time1 ,moscheles1 the ,austrian composer1 prepared a piano arrangement of ,beethoven's 8,fidelio0 and sent it to him with the inscription 8,with ,god's help0 written upon it4 ,when it came back to the hand of ,moscheles1 he found that the master had written upon it the reply1 8,o man1 help thyself40 ,he possessed of a genial nature and a happy sense of humor4 ,when a music student in ,vienna1 he had three teachers at the same time1 each one of whom was a great name in music4 ,under one of them1 ,schuppanzigh1 he studied violin4 ,his relations with this instructor were especially pleasant--more so than those which prevailed between him and at least one of the others4 ,as time passed1 the teacher revealed an increasing tendency to corpulence1 whereupon ,beethoven took up the habit of addressing him as 8,my ,lord ,falstaff40 ,a high appreciation of purely personal qualities was a part of ,beethoven's makeup4 ,to him these constituted the only true fortune4 ,he had a brother1 ,johann1 who had become wealthy1 and whose worldly success had acted so unfortunately upon his nature that his pride and arrogance had become somewhat unduly swollen4 ,one day this brother called on the composer and did not find him at home4 ,he left a card bearing this inscription1 8,johann van ,beethoven1 ,land ,proprietor40 ,upon returning home and receiving the card1 the musician promptly returned it to his brother with the added words1 8,ludwig van ,beethoven1 ,brain ,proprietor40 ,on another occasion1 a stranger mistook the word ,van in his name for the common sign of nobility4 ,when addressed as a nobleman1 he revealed his true spirit of democracy by laying his hand first upon his head and then upon his heart and replying that whatever claim to nobility he had lay at those two points4 ,his temper was strong but not unjust4 ,when his heart was touched rightly1 it rose in great pity and devotion4 ,when touched wrongly1 it flamed up like a meteor of wrath4 ,on one occasion1 at least1 he threw aside all restraint for the moment4 ,one evening at a rehearsal1 ,beethoven's patron1 ,prince ,lobkowitz1 ventured an assertion which grated very severely upon the composer's sensibilities4 ,at the end of the performance ,beethoven is said to have run into the yard of his patron's palace and to have shouted insult and ridicule at the man who1 in his opinion1 had committed so great an impropriety4 ,he was not only a great composer and conductor1 but a great pianist as well4 ,he was also keenly sensitive as to his art and highly exacting in regard to the attitude of others toward it4 ,once when1 in a private home1 he was playing a duet with his pupil1 ,ferdinand ,ries1 two persons disturbed the performance by conversation4 ,he immediately ceased playing and would neither play nor allow ,ries to do so again during the evening4 ,his music was to him an absorbing passion4 ,no matter in what capacity he might be ministering at its shrine1 he always did so with entire devotion4 ,about #ahac an incident occurred in which his entire self-forgetfulness in his work caused him to play a ludicrous part4 ,he was playing one of his own compositions in a public concert when he so far forgot himself as to think he conducting instead of playing4 ,leaving his seat1 he began violently directing4 ,he knocked the lights from the piano4 ,two boys were directed to hold the lights while the managers and audience waited for the seemingly mad man to become quiet4 ,one of the boys1 light and all1 was soon floored by a blow in the mouth from the swinging arm of the musician4 ,the other boy dodged and ducked in his efforts to escape a like fate1 while the audience roared with mirth4 ,beethoven had a certain admiration for ,napoleon ,bonaparte as a soldier and statesman4 ,the symphony now known as 8,eroica0 was written in ,napoleon's honor and was to bear his name4 ,about the time of the completion of the first score1 which was to be sent to the ,corsican1 the word came that its subject had proclaimed itself emperor4 ,beethoven at once tore the title from the score and changed the name of the composition to 8,eroica40 ,upon ,napoleon's death1 he remarked that the symphony contained the funeral march of the conqueror4 ,during most of the active years of his life1 ,beethoven had been planning a musical setting for ,schiller's 8,ode to ,joy40 ,in the evening of his life it was at last completed4 ,in #ahbd1 just about two years before his death1 ,beethoven directed a rendering of this music in ,vienna4 ,during this performance a pathetic scene was enacted4 ,at the close the applause became so deafening and was so prolonged that a serious public disturbance was feared1 and the police were called in4 ,beethoven1 who could hear no sound of all that was transpiring1 stood with his back to the audience1 wholly unconscious of the situation4 ,at length someone touched him and caused him to turn around4 ,when the people saw the look of surprise that spread over his face and realized the pathos of the situation1 they broke out in a fresh demonstration1 during which many faces were wet with tears4 ,by the time he was thirty years of age ,beethoven had begun to be a victim of failing hearing4 ,the dawn of this realization1 which would have broken the spirit of many a man and which was a deep grief to him1 did not daunt him nor greatly interfere with the completion of a great musical career4 ,he did not dwell unduly upon his misfortune and1 for a time1 he even kept it a secret4 ,through the remaining years of his life1 he patiently endured the difficulty1 hindrance1 and poverty of musical enjoyment which it brought him4 ,that it had been to him a constant source of mental anguish1 however1 is indicated in the closing hour of his life4 ,that hour came at the close of an illness which had been brought on by an undue exposure4 ,it was while a severe thunderstorm was in progress outside that the great master lay surrounded by a group of friends who had been very faithful to him during his last illness1 and some of whom were themselves eminent men4 ,he indicated to them his knowledge that the end was near and then1 after a silence1 he said1 8,i shall hear in heaven10 and in a little time he was gone4 ,this was the ending of an unselfish life4 ,nothing but real devotion can leave the record that is his self-sacrifice4 ,for the reckless and undeserving son of a dead brother1 he denied himself real necessities for years1 a sacrifice which met with neither appreciation nor effort to be worthy4 ,the uncle remained true1 however1 and after his death when he was found to have held some unsuspected wealth in the form of bonds1 it was supposed that he had kept it intact through his own days of severe personal need in order that it might go to his unworthy charge4 ,beethoven was deeply religious4 ,his ideas of religion were not weak and sentimental but were characterized by the same strength which pervaded his life in general4 ,he had a keen sense of the ,divine ,power1 but he did not allow it to destroy his companion sense of human responsibility4 ,his pastor was a trusted friend4 ,it was with that friend that he first shared the secret of his growing deafness and who helped him for a time to keep that secret from the ears of the world4 ,interesting and often illuminating correspondence between the two is still preserved4 ,it is doubtful whether a mastery so great of an art so heavenly could have been possible to a man who did not have a strong sense of the ,divine4 ,the majesty of his music came from a majesty within1 which probably knew better than it could tell the sweetness of that music which was breaking on his newly-opened ears in the moment of his assurance that he should 8hear in heaven40 ,the ,obligation of ,good ,cheer 7#aiaf7 ,to say that there is no virtue in melancholy and no harm in cheerfulness only half states the case4 ,melancholy is positively wrong1 and good cheer is a ,christian grace4 ,whoever has a cheerful disposition has that much of a start toward positive and complete goodness4 ,from every viewpoint1 both of the life to come and the life that now is1 cheerfulness is a thing to be cultivated4 ,it makes for happiness1 it constitutes a guard against the danger of misjudgment and censoriousness1 and it makes for success in the affairs of life4 ,everybody seeks out and likes the cheerful person4 ,the world has no time--nor ought it to have--for the complainer and the grumbler4 ,happiness is not a thing to be bought nor to be obtained from any external source4 ,the only happiness which has lasting quality comes from within4 ,no one can be happy long who is not happy in soul4 ,toys lose their gay color1 baubles fade1 treasures vanish1 but a merry heart is glad forever4 ,happiness is not exclusive in its choice of where to go4 ,it will go anywhere that anyone is willing to receive it4 ,it graces the hovel as well as the mansion1 and it is perfectly willing to pulsate in a breast covered with the rags of poverty4 ,anyone1 anywhere1 can be happy4 ,melancholy is harmful to the individual4 ,it not only spoils life for him1 but it breaks down his health as well4 ,no unhappy person can remain healthy long4 ,on the other hand1 no unhealthy person can cultivate the grace of joy without receiving substantial physical benefits therefrom4 ,the reasons for this are natural and plain4 ,the unhappy person is never relaxed4 ,he lives between a high tension of discontent and the lifeless reaction which follows4 ,today he is writhing in his self-inflicted misery4 ,tomorrow he is drowsy and languid as the inevitable result4 ,no one can feel well or go efficiently about his duties with his nerves on a strain4 ,every muscle must be free and loose4 ,each organ must be at ease and liberty to proceed in the performance of its function4 ,the physical life cannot move by fits and starts without harm to itself4 ,we cannot go in jerks without soon feeling the harmful results of so doing4 ,there is a still deeper reason than this for the harmful effect of discontent on the health4 ,unhappy emotions promptly set up processes which form poisons and pour them out into the system4 ,these poisons have a paralyzing effect upon muscle and nerve4 ,this accounts for the fact that indigestion or other organic inactivity will often follow a fit of violent anger or deep grief4 ,the ,japanese are said to cultivate the habit of forcing themselves to smile4 ,they do this1 it is said1 for the general benefit it renders both to disposition and health4 ,it is a fact that a relaxed and smiling countenance has a tendency to put the rest of the body at its ease4 ,the conclusion is that every cheerful moment contributes to long life and physical well-being1 and that it is not possible to give way to an uncontrolled torrent of unpleasant feelings or to the chilling hold of gloom without by so much shortening the days one has to live4 ,melancholy is anti-social4 ,it would scarcely be too much to say that it is criminal4 ,if it is a crime to trespass upon the rights or the happiness of others1 then gloom is a crime1 for the reason that it does increase the burden and detract from the happiness of every person who ever comes into its chilling and blighting presence4 ,it does not dispose of the responsibility to say that other people need not be affected by our feelings4 ,as a matter of fact1 other people cannot help being affected by our feelings4 ,nothing is more contagious than feeling4 ,the warm and genial spirit sheds light and joy wherever it goes--as a matter of course4 ,the chilled and crabbed soul makes its presence a place of arctic coldness--and equally without effort4 ,where there is cheer1 there we find spontaneity and freedom4 ,where there is gloom1 there are weakness and constraint4 ,it is a serious question whether anyone ought to be allowed so to add to the world's burden4 ,having been near someone who was constitutionally unhappy has more than once unfitted someone else for his daily task4 ,no one cares how long his day or how hard his work so long as he can keep a courageous spirit1 but when he is robbed of that1 he is shorn of practically all his power4 ,men are not looking for more troubles4 ,they already have more than enough4 ,they are looking for genial souls who know the value of a smile and can teach it to men4 ,the world really owes a large debt to the men who have made it their business to coax a laugh occasionally to its weary and hardened face4 ,the man who has made the way a little more sunny for some far stranger whose face he will never see in this world shall in no wise lose his reward4 ,it may often happen that one could render no other service quite so great as to just keep happy4 ,the other man may not need a lift with his load4 ,he may only need a fresh supply of gladness in his heart to make him feel that it is a little lighter4 ,the world treasures its little supply of hearty good cheer as it might treasure gold and precious gems4 ,furthermore1 it loves none so much as it loves those who try to pluck some of its thorns and plant flowers in their places4 ,melancholy is not only unhealthful and anti-social1 it is also sinful4 ,the person who treasures an unhappy spirit sins not only against himself and his fellow men1 but he also sins against the ,almighty4 ,of course1 it should be understood that in order to be happy there is no need of questionable and dangerous diversions4 ,let it be said once more that happiness does not come from without but from within4 ,the whole outside world takes on the color of the spectacles we wear4 ,it is just as unpleasing as the person who sees it is unpleasant4 ,it is just as rosy and beautiful as the eye that looks upon it is bright and hopeful4 ,we are speaking here not of diversions but of the inner spirit of our lives4 ,happiness1 if it is anything1 is a quality of character4 ,in his story of 8,the ,laughing ,man10 ,victor ,hugo has sketched a remarkable character4 ,gwynplaine is a traveling showman1 who as a baby was stolen from noble parents1 and so disfigured by surgical means that his face always bore the appearance of a laugh4 ,all through his life1 however heavy might be his heart1 ,gwynplaine had no choice but to wear a laugh upon his face4 ,the tears might flow from his eyes1 but his features never lost their look of merriment4 ,he laughed in sun and shadow1 joy and woe4 ,after all1 there is something wonderfully suggestive in this supposedly unfortunate character4 ,he at least helped others too to be merry4 ,he at least did not impose the chill of a downcast countenance upon any companion while he lived4 ,this is worth while4 ,it would be infinitely better if more could bury their sorrows beneath their cheer4 ,not only would others about them fare better1 but the sorrows themselves would the sooner disappear4 ,we cannot banish sorrow1 but we can learn to bear it well4 ,if one will look to the ,bible for a vindication of the statement that cheerfulness is ,christian and gloom sinful1 he will find abundant evidence to that effect4 ,everything there goes to indicate the gladness that clings about that ,one in whose presence is fulness of joy and at whose right hand there are pleasures forevermore4 ,the person who thinks religion must be sombre has misread his ,bible and misinterpreted his ,master4 ,it may be serious and earnest1 but never morose and gloomy4 ,the ,man of ,galilee was indeed a man of sorrows1 but ,he was too much of a man of joy to burden the world with ,his sorrows4 ,he did not dwell upon them in the presence of others4 ,he was content to endure them manfully1 and to give the world an example of courage to the last4 ,a despondent person is no ornament to religion4 ,it is the joy-lighted face which inspires and wins4 ,it is the light of joy about the altar that makes it an impressive place4 ,it is the glad service which lifts the world a little farther in its long1 hard climb4 ,worship and ,service 7#aiaf7 ,francisco ,pizarro1 the conqueror of ,peru1 was an important force in early ,western history4 ,however1 he stained his hands again and again with helpless blood4 ,selfishly he pursued his end both by fair means and foul4 ,when the last of the ,incas1 from the prison into which ,pizarro had thrown him to await death1 offered a roomful of gold as his ransom1 ,pizarro accepted the gold1 but the promise of life and liberty was broken1 and the old man was led to his death4 ,one day as the conqueror sat at dinner1 he was surprised by a group of avengers and was struck down4 ,as he lay dying1 ,pizarro dipped his finger into the stream of lifeblood that flowed from him1 drew with it the figure of a cross upon the floor1 and kissed it as he died4 ,a beautiful thing1 it may perhaps be called1 that the dying thoughts of a great explorer and conqueror turned to the cross1 and that his lips were last pressed against its sacred image4 ,but a life of cruelty is not atoned for by kissing the picture of the emblem of love4 ,years of wrong are not changed by one symbolic act of devotion at the last4 ,the old ,inca chief and all the others who had met death at the point of ,pizarro's sword remained in their graves1 their rights and treasures unrestored4 ,the fact that their overcomer died kissing the cross was of no avail to them4 ,to kiss the cross at twilight will never take the place of playing the man through the day4 ,it is better to live1 simply and nobly1 the spirit and principles of the cross for a single hour than to embrace its image for an eternity4 ,peace and love are not symbols1 but realities2 and righteousness is not shadow but substance4 ,simple fidelity in common ways far transcends the one picturesque performance done when all the world is looking4 ,it is only the path of simple duty that leads to peace at last4 ,he who would die in the spirit of the cross must live there4 ,the cross is truly pictured in the life of true devotion1 not with the blood of selfishness upon the couch of death4 ,do ,it ,right 7#aiag7 ,the other day ,i saw painted behind the seat of an express truck1 where the expressman would see it each time he loaded or removed a package1 the simple sentence3 8,do it right40 ,the express company knew human nature4 ,it also understood the laws of success4 ,it had taken the trouble to place before the eyes of its employe the maxim which pointed the way to their mutual success4 ,for what will make an express company prosperous will also make its workers prosperous1 namely1 doing things right4 ,and if that principle will give success in the handling of express packages1 it will also result in success in the performance of any other task4 ,there is not a walk of life in which profitable use may not be made of the maxim3 8,do it right40 ,whether one works with tools1 with books1 with facts1 or with men1 he cannot be a success in his line unless he does it right4 ,it takes longer to do a thing right4 ,nervousness and hurry are the foes of perfect work4 ,the master workman must be deliberate4 ,he will not take more time than he needs1 but he must take that much4 ,it takes longer to do a thing right1 but it never has to be done over when once it is finished4 ,life's ,handicaps 7#aiah7 ,one day a group of ,galilean people wanted to carry a sick friend to ,jesus to be healed4 ,he was in a house1 and when they came near they found such a crowd about the doors and windows that they could not get in4 ,not to be defeated in their purpose1 they cut an opening through the roof and let the sick man1 bed and all1 down to where the ,great ,physician was4 ,of course1 the result was that the afflicted person received the gift of a whole body as the reward for their insistent attitude4 ,the story is simply another version of the value of importunity in seeking the gifts of the ,great ,helper4 ,this story of the long ago indicates one of the great principles of life1 and one which has played a part in the activities and struggles of every age4 ,it suggests that one may at any time have to reckon with handicaps1 but that there is usually a way to overcome them if one has the will to seek and follow that way4 ,there is something highly admirable about the spirit of this group of people who1 when they could not accomplish their desire in one way1 promptly found another in which they could accomplish it4 ,the ,scriptures say a good many things by implication which they do not say in exactly so many words4 ,it is said that in an experience meeting in which the attendants fell to quoting favorite passages of ,scripture1 an old lady arose and stated that of all the beautiful and helpful ,scripture texts in which she had found strength and comfort1 her favorite was this3 8,grin and bear it40 ,the ,bible does not contain such a text1 but it does contain such a teaching1 and the old lady was not so far wrong after all4 ,this ,scripture story of the sick man and his friends suggests another adage of the world1 which has expression at least by implication in the ,scriptures4 ,the ,bible does not contain such a text as3 8,where there's a will there's a way10 yet such is the exact teaching implied in the story outlined above4 ,along whatever way one's path may happen to lie1 and whatever may be the task which he undertakes to perform1 his life would be utterly unnatural if it were devoid of difficulties4 ,a life without handicaps would be no more natural than a summer without showers or a year without a winter4 ,it is not even desirable that one should live without encountering more or less resistance to his efforts to realize his best and highest hopes4 ,furthermore1 these difficulties are often unforeseen4 ,they cannot be calculated1 but they must be allowed for4 ,at the beginning of the carrying out of any enterprise1 the proper thing to do is to reckon one's resources and to count the cost4 ,at the beginning of any journey1 the barriers in the way must be a calculation in the plan4 ,at the outset of any endeavor1 one must realize that not every part of his task will be altogether easy4 ,if it were1 the finished product would hardly be worth while1 and certainly the toiler himself would not have benefited largely from his labor4 ,difficulties1 expected and unexpected1 are as certain to come as is the succession of the days and nights4 ,life is frequently likened to a race4 ,it is true that it is a progress toward a goal1 and that in it there are many who are contending against each other for what they look upon as a victory4 ,life is not a race1 however1 in which every element of the situation is ideal for every runner4 ,it is only in dreams where such perfect conditions may be found4 ,in the hard facts of life it is otherwise4 ,in the real race each contestant has at least some odds against him4 ,life1 then1 is a race in which each runner is hampered with a handicap4 ,each situation presents some difficulty1 and occasionally the most brilliant of successes is made in spite of this hindrance4 ,the ideal race would not be one without handicaps4 ,it is rather one in which a man plays his part well in spite of handicaps4 ,the ideal victory is not that which is won because the contestant had everything in his favor4 ,it is rather the one which is gained in spite of the odds which the contestant had against him4 ,homer and ,milton were blind1 yet each won for himself a secure place among the world's small group of immortal poets4 ,it would have been easy for either to have made his affliction an excuse for failure4 ,instead1 each made his handicap an added reason for success4 ,each learned to glimpse a glory which is hidden to most who are blessed with faultless vision4 ,demosthenes was born with a faulty utterance and with a hollow chest4 ,nevertheless1 he conceived a great desire to be an orator4 ,most men would have found their physical unfitness a sufficient handicap to discourage them from any effort4 ,demosthenes determined to overcome the hindrances which had been born with him4 ,he sought a remote and secluded place1 shaved his head in order that he might not soon venture back among his friends1 and exercised his voice and body until the weakness of both had been overcome4 ,all the world is familiar with the final results of his efforts4 ,on the day when ,demosthenes was uttering the amazing words which so tellingly advocated his right to receive a crown at the hands of his fellow citizens1 the explanation of his achievement did not lie in his birth4 ,it lay rather in the fact that he had willed to overcome the limitations with which nature had surrounded him4 ,it is true that he had seized a psychological moment1 but he was able to seize that moment because he had not feared the long period of painstaking effort which had been necessary to overcome his handicaps4 ,the secret of his success was not opportunity1 but toil4 ,he had merely refused to surrender to the forces which would have destroyed the usefulness of many men4 ,his triumph was but the result of a task patiently performed in spite of its difficulty4 ,during the last century1 ,spain produced a remarkable artist in the person of ,daniel ,vierge4 ,he attained eminence in his work while still a young man4 ,at the early age of thirty1 however1 he suffered complete paralysis of the right side4 ,it would have been easy to have admitted that his work with the brush and pencil was done1 and to have resigned himself to what seemed to be a hard fate4 ,such was not his spirit1 however4 ,he had no intention of relinquishing the tools of his art4 ,he still had the use of his left arm1 and he determined that it should be trained to possess the power which the other had lost4 ,the long and tedious period of training had to be gone through again4 ,he accomplished his task1 however1 and in spite of the difficulty which he had encountered he learned to draw nearly as well with his left hand as he had ever been able to do with the other4 ,by making the most of the one resource which was left to him1 he managed to retain his place in the front rank of his profession as an illustrator4 ,the work which he produced after his affliction can scarcely be distinguished in quality from his earlier efforts4 ,dr4 ,holmes once said that the best way to live long is to become afflicted with some serious disease4 ,what he meant was that such an affliction sometimes teaches people the care of their bodies1 when enduring health would leave them utterly careless of the essential laws of well-being4 ,it does sometimes happen that1 even in this regard1 a handicap is found to be a helpful thing4 ,there are cases on record which tell the story of renewed effort to cultivate health and strength1 when life was rapidly slipping away1 and of the crowning of that effort with success1 health1 and long life4 ,the old story of the hare and the tortoise is re-enacted daily in modern life4 ,the battle does not always go to the strong1 nor is victory in the race the inevitable portion of the swift4 ,the winner is more apt to be the patient toiler who has chosen a purpose1 and who struggles in the direction of his goal in spite of handicaps4 ,his progress may not always be swift1 but it is at least continuous4 ,the ,riverside 7#aiah7 8,it is not what we would like to do in this life10 says ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn in ,the ,riverside1' 8but what we really get done that counts40 8,heaven in its mercy may take the will for the deed1 but human destiny in its justice never does40 8,what the world of men needs is not kindly thoughts which never come to expression nor the good will which never reaches the form of action4 ,what it needs is the helpful word and the real deed of kindness4 ,it is for the concrete service that the hearts of men rise up in thankfulness40 8,and1 in the working out of our own careers1 progress is not made by the dream which never become more than a dream nor the purpose which was never carried to fulfillment4 ,we rise by the things that are under our feet1' and push forward by the virtue of the things really accomplished4 ,fate1 like men1 does not ask how we have felt1 but what we have done40 8,upon the record of our own characters and personalities we may get credits for feelings and our purposes1 even though they were all smothered silence and inaction1 but these things do not enter into the record formed by the impressions we make upon our age4 ,it is a record of deed1 and it stands when the eyes of this world have ceased to see any other40 8,a thought or a feeling of aspiration1 however great or strong1 is not meant to be an end within itself4 ,it is a means to the end of its actual realization in action and accomplishment40 8,a heavenly vision is given only to shed light on a way to perform a heavenly deed4 ,a great thought is given only to make possible a great work4 ,a noble feeling is ,god's way of pointing to a noble mission4 ,columbus did not have a conviction that a new world lay beyond the sea for naught4 ,the conviction led the way to the fact and its important result4 ,it has been so in countless similar instances40 8,it is what men do that lives after them4 ,there is an earthly side to immortality4 ,the deeds done in the flesh make an epitaph which cannot deceive40 ,determinants 7#aiba7 ,two trees grow together on the same hillside4 ,they draw their sustenance from the same soil1 yet each has its own peculiar bark1 leaf1 and fruit4 ,both exude gum1 yet one gum contains arabic acid while the other contains none4 ,the difference is not in the food they consume nor the environment in which they grow4 ,it is in some hidden fact which determines the nature of each4 ,two animals feed in the same pasture4 ,they eat the same food and graze upon the same kind of grass4 ,yet one is covered with hair and the other with wool4 ,the difference is not in the material of which their coats are made4 ,it is in some unseen force which determines their natures4 ,two human beings grow up together in the same home4 ,they eat together from the same food at the same table4 ,they have the same parental guidance4 ,they enjoy the same physical and social environment4 ,yet one becomes a good man and the other a bad one4 ,the same sustaining properties have entered into their making1 but in one they bring forth good fruit1 while in the other they bring forth evil fruit4 ,no tree ever violates the dictates of that hidden force4 ,its fruitage never varies4 ,one could not change its output unless he could first change its nature4 ,men do not gather grapes from thorns1 or figs from thistles4 ,fortunately1 however1 this rule does not hold in the case of men4 ,the nature of a man can be altered or reversed4 ,this can be done because it is possible to change the heart1 and from the heart are the issues of life4 ,nothing can change the determinant in a tree1 but there is a power that can change it in a life4 ,this is because a man has a will1 while a tree has none4 ,it is the power of the will to resist or submit4 ,love's ,burdens 7#aiba7 ,a little boy sat in a wheel chair4 ,the hand of ,fate had already rested heavily upon his tender years4 ,a paralysis had laid hold upon him and had left him as helpless as an infant4 ,his drawn lips could not speak4 ,his eyes could not keep themselves focussed upon any object4 ,only one thing about him remained normal4 ,his mind continued to function4 ,he knew1 felt1 joyed1 desired1 and suffered4 ,in some unfeeling1 intellectually ideal republic1 such a pitiful piece of human wreckage might have been cast upon the junk heap4 ,it was so done in the old day1 and so it would be done again if a certain type of statesman might have his pitiless way4 ,utopias too seldom make proper allowance for such poor unfortunates4 ,they cannot produce anything4 ,they are necessarily a care and a burden to others4 ,they are worth nothing in money to society4 ,they are not social assets4 ,they are social liabilities4 ,fortunately1 this child did not dwell in a state which reckoned things on such a basis4 ,he was born a citizen of the blessed kingdom of love4 ,the disposition of his poor1 stricken life was not determined by the dictates of the head4 ,it was decided by the kindlier judgments of the heart4 ,it was not a question of expediency4 ,it was one of affection4 ,had his parents been ruled by the icy processes of a certain brand of common sense1 they might have despised and neglected him because he was not a creditable representative of their kind4 ,however1 it was not so4 ,being ruled by the gentler spirit of parental love1 they cared for him a little more tenderly than for any other of their children4 ,there is a reason4 ,it is the fact that love is so constituted that it finds joy in bearing burdens4 ,it deliberately reaches out to help the poorest and most unfortunate4 ,it lavishes itself on those from whom it can expect nothing save gratitude in return4 ,the feelings of the heart constitute the only coin in circulation in love's domain4 ,day after day an aged mother sat in her chair by the window4 ,her faded eyes looked continually out upon the street4 ,one might have thought that they were looking at the stream of passers-by4 ,it was not so4 ,she could hardly see the friends and neighbors as they came and went4 ,she was really looking back over the long vista of vanished years4 ,she was seeing departed faces1 and listening to voices long hushed by the blanketing clay4 ,a day came when she could no longer sit at the window4 ,the thin old frame that was her body had grown too weak to support itself in a chair1 so she lay upon her bed4 ,neglected8 ,no4 ,she was more tenderly cared for than ever4 ,she was a great care for the tender1 loving hands that ministered to her1 but her very weakness and helplessness called the louder to loving hearts and they responded4 ,one day the worn-out machinery of her physical body stopped running4 ,at evening time it had suddenly grown light1 and then the darkness had fallen4 ,the old face was the picture of peace1 with its closed eyes and a certain satisfied expression upon its features4 ,a wise friend came and stood in the darkened room with the daughter who had faithfully cared for the aged one while she lived4 ,she said to her3 8,i know how many times your arms will ache for the burden that has been taken from them40 ,she knew the law of love4 ,it craves burdens to bear4 ,when it has carried a heavy load through years of time and that load is suddenly lifted from its shoulders1 it does not rejoice4 ,it weeps and wishes for the burden back again4 ,this is a part of its strange1 beautiful nature4 ,without this nature it would not be love4 ,the world has gone on and the race has accomplished something of an upward climb because love has always been among us1 lifting1 pushing1 and helping4 ,without it we should still be a race of savages4 ,a little blind girl walked in the park day after day4 ,she stepped among flowers that she had never seen4 ,she listened to the birds1 though she did not know what they looked like4 ,she lived in a world the beauty or ugliness of which she had no power to realize4 ,she was always led about by the same hand--that of her father4 ,he was patient and faithful4 ,he seemed to be trying to do all that could be done to compensate for the great lack in her life4 ,since joy could not find its way in through her eyes1 he did what he could to help a little more of it to trickle in through her heart4 ,he succeeded1 for across her sightless face occasionally flashed a brightness announcing the arrival of gladness within4 ,there were other children in the family4 ,all save this one were in full possession of their normal powers4 ,the logical thing1 after a fashion1 would have been for the hearts of the parents to incline toward the well-favored4 ,however1 such was not the type of logic that prevailed4 ,the heart of love does not lavish its affection upon those who have no need4 ,it pours itself out for those who need help and care4 ,therefore1 this sightless child was more tenderly cared for than any one of the rest4 ,it was in accordance with an established law4 ,the troubled heart is a magnet to the spirit of affection4 ,moreover1 the very toil and sacrifice spent for an object of love beget a greater devotion4 ,the greater care one needs the more he is loved4 ,it is so among men because it is so with ,god4 ,we are made in ,his image1 and our normal feelings and efforts are only a poor human struggle to be like ,him4 ,a beautiful thing is said in the opening sentences of the ,bible4 ,the barren picture of the first stage of creation is first sketched4 ,it is said that the earth was waste1 and void1 and that darkness was upon the face of the deep4 ,then comes the significant sentence4 ,it relates that the ,spirit of ,god brooded upon the face of the waters4 ,this is the explanation of all the progress that has been achieved since4 ,the waste became order1 the void became substance1 and the darkness became light4 ,gradually civilization established itself1 and the world keeps moving on toward the realization of its better day4 ,some time we shall see the realization of the promise of a new heaven and a new earth in which no sin or sorrow shall be known4 ,there will be just one explanation4 ,god has brooded in love over every shadow1 and sin1 and sorrow that we have ever had1 and ,his love has always struggled on with us to better things4 ,one day when ,jesus showed some special solicitude for those whom the correct and the respectable despised1 ,he answered the criticism of ,his friends by saying that it was not the well but the sick who needed a physician4 ,such is the law of love4 ,the heart of the world's ,saviour went out first to those who needed ,his care most4 ,it was love looking for a burden to bear4 ,one evening time ,jesus prayed in a garden4 ,he was looking at the whole world that night as ,he had looked at the city when ,he wept over it4 ,he was the divine spirit brooding that night over the needs of a race4 ,next morning ,he hung upon the cross4 ,he was only going to the limit of the last bitter extremity for those ,he loved4 ,why do we call ,him the world's highest example of love8 ,because ,he was the world's outstanding burden-bearer4 ,love is the sweetest and the costliest thing in the world4 ,it is the sweetest because it is the spirit and atmosphere of heaven4 ,it is the costliest because its arms are always aching for loads to carry4 ,the ,successors of ,tantalus 7#aiba7 ,tantalus was a legendary ,grecian king who is said to have displeased the gods4 ,as punishment he was condemned to dwell by a pool1 the waters of which receded when he attempted to drink from them1 and to dwell just out of reach of an abundance of overhanging fruit4 ,tantalus lives in many of us today4 ,his pool of water and evasive food supply are like the visions which fade before we reach them or the hopes that burst like bubbles before they are realized4 ,they are like the mirage that leads the traveler across the desert and fades before he has quenched his thirst at its promised springs4 ,they resemble the summer flower that falls to pieces before one can lay hands upon it4 ,yet these unrealized hopes are among the most valuable experiences we have4 ,the traveler on the desert may not reach his palm-sheltered spring1 but he often approaches nearer to the end of his journey for having followed its image4 ,in life we do not always get what we seek1 but we often find that in what seemed an hour of failure we have achieved real progress4 ,at maturity one often finds that the joys he sought in youth are only empty husks after having been so laboriously obtained4 ,it may seem tragic that the name and place to which he early aspired lose so much of their appeal when they have been attained4 ,the effort spent on the upward climb has not been in vain1 however4 ,in the struggle his ideals have lifted4 ,he is no longer satisfied with the superficial and the unreal4 ,we plan endeavors and strive to successfully complete them4 ,sometimes we succeed1 but often we fail4 ,when we fail in a righteous cause the labor has not necessarily been in vain4 ,one can never be robbed of the best fruit of his striving1 which is the added sinew of strength gained in the trying4 ,the ,christian ,standard of ,greatness 7#aibb7 ,the life and destiny of a nation are largely determined by what it considers great4 ,if its hero is a ruthless warrior1 its nature will be militaristic1 and its end will be that of those who fight and kill4 ,if its idol is a man whose chief distinction is wealth1 its career will be one long struggle after gold1 and its journey will be to the grave of profligacy4 ,if its ideal is a man whose sole objective is position and power1 its life will be a struggle for place1 and its end the decadence which such things always suffer4 ,this principle is true because greatness is a mirage after which all men seek4 ,it is a rainbow's end to which1 though we may never quite reach it1 we are always struggling4 ,when a thing once comes to be considered great1 it at once becomes popular4 ,men of every kind and condition immediately seek it4 ,it becomes the fashion and1 therefore1 determines the life of the period4 ,the ,question of ,relative ,greatness ,it was a perfectly natural thing that the disciples of ,jesus should concern themselves so much about the question of relative greatness in the kingdom which their ,master had proclaimed4 ,it was nothing but the world-old lust for chief positions4 ,it was planted deeply in their natures1 just as it has been in the natures of those who have lived in every age4 ,jesus understood it1 and ,he realized the inevitableness of their obsession with it4 ,he dealt gently with some of their mistakes because ,he knew these mistakes had their origin in this fact4 ,one day that wonderful little company of men arrived in the city of ,capernaum1 tired out with their travel on the country road4 ,when they were safely in the house1 ,jesus sat down among them and asked what it was they had been discussing on the way4 ,he made this inquiry only to open up the question1 for ,he knew that they had been disputing about the question as to who was greatest4 ,then ,he settled the question once and for all by proclaiming a new standard of greatness4 8,if any man would be first10 ,he said1 8he shall be last of all and the servant of all40 ,a ,permanent and ,dependable ,standard ,in those words1 ,jesus set forth the ,christian measure of greatness4 ,with a wave of the hand1 ,he set aside the ordinary standards and conceptions of the world4 ,passing show and display1 temporary wealth and position1 the deceitfulness of name and rank1 the needless privilege of lording it over others as some great one in the land--all these are disregarded in the kingdom of things as they should be4 ,jesus measures greatness by the only standard which is permanent and dependable4 ,since we are ,his followers1 we must do the same4 ,the ,paradoxes of ,jesus ,the teachings of ,jesus are full of the appearance of paradox4 ,he frequently said such things as ,he said to the disciples that day in ,capernaum4 ,he said that to gain one's life he must lose it1 that to be first one must be last1 and that to be great one must not seek to be served but to serve4 ,the world in general has never come to see that these things are really true4 ,at least it has not come to act as though it realized their truth4 ,however1 the experiences of life are continually proving them4 ,repeatedly we have seen that one carries nothing out of the world except what he has given away4 ,in a very real sense1 one possesses only that which he has lost4 ,one is made of account in this world as well as the next not by being ministered unto but by ministering4 ,the ,teachings of ,jesus in ,terms of ,life ,jesus was not one who preached one gospel and lived another4 ,he preached a possible gospel and proved its possibility by living it4 ,he himself was a perfect example of ,his own teachings worked out in terms of life4 ,he went about doing good4 ,he is the supreme figure in the life of the ages because ,he was the supreme servant of men4 ,he was the divine ,son of ,god4 ,therefore1 ,his life is full and sufficient proof to us that service is more than great4 ,it is divine4 ,this ,christian conception of greatness has not been altogether easy for the world to accept4 ,men have been so long steeped in the human love for the gleam of gold1 the trappings of power1 and the couch of luxury that they do not readily part with the old habits of thought and the old ambitions of life4 ,age-long ideas are not easy to banish4 ,nearly two-thousand years have passed since ,jesus preached ,his little sermon on greatness at ,capernaum1 and we have not yet wholly learned the lesson4 ,we are in process of learning it1 however4 ,the world makes progress1 and some day we shall have reached the goal of high thinking1 noble ideals1 and great conceptions4 ,our ,changing ,conception of ,greatness ,a little while ago one might have seen the marks of the old standard of greatness on the walls of almost any school building in the land4 ,he would have seen displayed there a collection of pictures the great majority of which were portraits of warriors and representations of battle scenes4 ,a census of the pictures in the ordinary school history would have revealed the same situation4 ,this is all in accordance with an ancient law4 ,we are hero worshippers4 ,we have always pictured our idols on the schoolhouse walls4 ,and in accordance with the inevitable law of suggestion1 they have effected the life of the generations accordingly4 ,today we see fewer warriors and battle scenes pictured4 ,instead we see an increasing number of portraits of the great servants of humanity4 ,where yesterday we saw the pictures of ,alexander1 ,caesar1 and ,napoleon1 today we see the faces of ,faraday1 ,watts1 ,fulton1 ,pasteur1 and ,burbank4 ,this simply means that our conception of greatness is changing4 ,we admire the great destroyers less and less4 ,we admire the great builders and servants of the race more and more4 ,ancient and ,modern ,wonders of the ,world ,in the second century before ,christ1 ,antipater of ,sidon wrote an epigram in which he catalogued what he considered the seven most wonderful things in the world at that time4 ,the list included the walls of ,babylon1 the statue of ,zeus by ,phidias at ,olympia1 the hanging gardens at ,babylon1 the ,colossus of ,rhodes1 the pyramids of ,egypt1 the mausoleum at ,halicarnassus1 and the temple of ,diana at ,ephesus4 ,rather recently the editor of a well-known ,american magazine undertook to discover what is the best opinion as to the seven most wonderful things in the world today4 ,he addressed a thousand letters to leading thinkers in various countries1 asking each to record his choice among a considerable list of things4 ,the seven things receiving the highest number of votes were the wireless1 the telephone1 the aeroplane1 radium1 antiseptics and antitoxins1 spectrum analysis1 and the ,x-ray4 ,the eighth wonder chosen1 had the call been for that number1 would have been the ,panama ,canal4 ,it will be noted that nothing in ,antipater's list expressed service to mankind4 ,at the same time1 it will be noted that everything in the modern list enumerated does signify service4 ,this means that we are moving forward in the direction of a ,christian standard of greatness4 ,the ,true ,ideal for ,humanity ,it will be a blessed day for humanity when people in general come to see that the one who is servant of his times is the true ideal of greatness4 ,since we are hero-worshippers1 and since we do take one another for our patterns1 it is highly desirable that the highest type of manhood and womanhood we have shall be the examples for the rest4 ,the human struggle will always be in the direction of whatever is considered great4 ,we shall always struggle to become like that which we most admire4 ,therefore1 it is important that we shall most admire the thing that is best4 ,doing so1 we shall become increasingly like it4 ,a nation made up of people who measure greatness by service will not be treading the path to national doom so long as this is true4 ,it will be moving forward in the way of a larger and richer life4 ,selfishness and envy are disintegrating influences1 but service in the spirit of ,christ is a building force both for time and for all eternity4 ,the ,objective of ,service 7#aibb7 ,the present social situation demands that we shall push forward in the direction of a twofold objective4 ,first1 we must give human life the best possible set of conditions under which to exist and develop4 ,second1 we must do what is properly possible to assist it to develop at its best under those conditions4 ,we must make of the physical world the best environment we can4 ,we must then encourage people to obtain the largest benefit from that environment4 ,the highest values we can cultivate are the human values4 ,it is all well enough to lay out beautiful parks1 build broad streets1 erect costly monuments1 and rear majestic buildings4 ,however1 to do these things alone would be following a very short-sighted plan4 ,such a program cannot long continue unless we keep producing men who can carry it forward4 ,furthermore1 its results would be of no value to the future without a vigorous and hardy race to enjoy them when the future arrives4 ,if we develop the highest type of human beings we shall not be lacking any good thing when the to-morrows come4 ,after all1 the human problems are about the only ones we have4 ,give us worthy people1 and everything else will take care of itself4 ,where wealth accumulates and men decay the country decays with them4 ,where humanity is regnant and ascendent everything else is certain to be at its best4 ,the world goes upward or downward1 forward or backward with its people4 ,all that enters into our physical environment must first be conceived in the mind and wrought by the hand of man4 ,humanity is1 therefore1 the most important object to which our interest and service can be dedicated4 ,it represents both the divine problem and the human task4 ,only by discharging our full duty to it can we realize the dream of a new heaven and a new earth4 ,the strength1 and worth1 and happiness of human beings are the things for which we should all be living1 both for the sake of others and that of ourselves4 ,our ,blessings of ,deliverance 7#aibb7 ,when ,thanksgiving ,day comes 'round1 it always reminds us how numberless are our blessings4 ,this is true even of the visible blessings which could be listed on paper1 if there were a volume large enough to hold them4 ,it is also true of a great body of invisible blessings4 ,we might call them our blessings of deliverance4 ,no less important than the things which we have been given are the things from which we have been saved4 ,what the extent of that group of blessings is we can never know4 ,we are here because ,god did not see fit to call us away this year4 ,our homes still shelter us because ,he has not decided to foreclose the mortgage ,he held upon them before we were born4 ,we still receive our livings because ,he has not seen fit to discontinue honoring the old petition1 8,give us this day our daily bread40 ,our loved ones are still about us because ,he has not seen fit to sunder any of the bands that hold them to earth4 ,what sad misfortunes might have come to us1 and did not6 ,what pitiful events might have occurred1 and did not6 ,what dark storm clouds might have arisen1 when the skies remained clear6 ,every absence of trouble is a mercy of ,god4 ,our fathers used to have a phrase in their prayers that expressed this idea4 ,they used to say3 8,lord1 we thank ,thee that it is as well with us as it is40 ,that old prayer1 so often on their lips1 is worth repeating each time we come to the ,throne of ,mercy and ,grace4 ,how much worse things might have been than they are6 ,god has blessed us with incalculable good4 ,he has also preserved us from incalculable evil4 ,let us not forget to praise him for the storms that did not break1 the tears that did not fall1 the problems that did not arise1 the disappointments we did not suffer1 the heartaches we did not feel1 the blossoms that did not wither1 the hopes that were not shattered1 and the graves that were not made4 ,the ,redemption of ,jean ,valjean 7#aibb7 ,among all the characters of fiction1 ,victor ,hugo's ,jean ,valjean stands out in a light of special distinction4 ,the author intended him to indicate the limiting influence of social law and custom4 ,however1 he accomplishes a much better thing than that4 ,he furnishes us a master picture of the upward struggle of a soul despite the influences acting within and without to keep it down4 ,in certain broad and general features1 the redemption of ,jean ,valjean is a picture of the redemption of any person in any place or time4 ,the opening chapters of the story of ,les ,miserables reveal a man with sullen features1 suspicious eyes1 and unkempt appearance1 entering the town of ,d4 at evening time4 ,he has just escaped from nineteen years in the galleys4 ,his crime was a serious one4 ,he thrust his hand through a baker's window1 and stole a loaf of bread to feed the hungry children of his poor sister4 ,nineteen years at the oars have been the expiation of this and his various efforts to escape4 ,he is now a fugitive1 forever branded a criminal by society4 ,the law pursues him4 ,every man's hand is against him4 ,turned with suspicion from every other place of entertainment1 he is finally received in the home of an aged priest--the first stranger who has ever trusted him4 ,he yields to his criminal propensity1 cultivated by his years in the galleys1 and steals away in the night with the bishop's silver4 ,on the way1 he meets a little savoyard1 and robs him of his scanty store of money4 ,the helplessness of the child touches him4 ,remorse lays hold of him4 ,he sits down upon a stone and weeps4 ,restoring the bishop's silver1 he kneels in prayer at the gate4 ,in a word1 ,jean ,valjean has found himself4 ,he has taken the first step on the road to better things by seeing himself as he is4 ,an angel has held a mirror before his face1 and in it he has beheld himself aright4 ,there is no getting further on the pathway to the higher life until one has first realized his own situation4 ,so long as he pities himself and occupies his mind with finding excuses for his own shortcomings1 there is little hope for him4 ,when he sees himself a sinner1 the heavenward gates suddenly swing open4 ,the picture of ,jean ,valjean seated on a stone1 weeping bitter tears over his sins1 is nothing but a powerful sermon on the old-time doctrine which taught the necessity of conviction as a step on the road to conversion4 ,jean ,valjean stood convicted in the court of ,god4 ,that made him a candidate for divine mercy4 ,the mercy was not withheld4 ,it is so with us all4 ,there is too little real conviction of sin in these days4 ,we need the mirror held before us4 ,jean ,valjean had shared in the experience of ,isaiah many centuries before4 ,when an invisible hand swept aside the curtains that hid the divine glory from human gaze1 ,isaiah saw the ,lord sitting in his glory in the temple4 ,its effect was normal4 ,it forced upon the man a sense of the distressing contrast between himself and what he saw4 ,consequently1 he cried out that he was undone because of his uncleanness4 ,before the scene was over1 he received the dross-destroying touch which made him fit to be a servant of his ,lord4 ,the redemption of ,isaiah1 too1 began with a sense of his own sinfulness4 ,the years pass1 and ,jean ,valjean reappears upon the surface of social life4 ,he has begun life anew in the town of ,m4 sur ,m4 under another name4 ,he is now ,father ,madeleine1 the head of a large manufacturing establishment1 the mayor of his city1 and known among his people as a gentle-hearted and saintly character4 ,he is in his room at night1 pacing back and forth4 ,his step is nervous1 his face is feverish1 his breast is heaving4 ,there is every indication that he is fighting a great battle4 ,hugo calls this scene1 8,the ,tempest in a ,skull40 ,an old man has been taken in the streets4 ,under suspicion of being the long-lost criminal1 ,jean ,valjean1 he is under arrest and about to be committed to the galleys4 ,the question which confronts the prosperous and honored mayor of ,m4 sur ,m4 is evident4 ,for him1 the conflict is between the choice of wealth1 ease1 and honor and that of confession1 disgrace1 and the prison4 ,he must decide whether he himself will answer to the charge society has against him1 or whether he will avail himself of the opportunity to let an innocent man suffer in his place4 ,as the hours pass1 the question is settled as an honorable man must necessarily settle it4 ,the tempest subsides4 ,he seeks the courtroom1 makes himself known1 and sees the old man set at liberty4 ,he has accomplished the next great step in his redemption by conquering himself4 ,this is one of the severest tests to which any man is ever put4 ,it is also one which many fail to meet4 ,it is easier to overcome others than to conquer oneself4 ,noah proved the hero of the flood1 then failed to be sufficiently master of himself to keep sober when he had planted a vineyard4 ,men sometimes lead conquering armies and then fall victims to their own weaknesses and passions4 ,yet there is no truer greatness than that which comes from self-mastery4 ,the ruler of his own spirit is greater than the conqueror of a city4 ,the mastery of self may be costly4 ,it was in the case of ,jean ,valjean4 ,however1 it is a necessary step on the upward road4 ,in the next significant scene1 we see ,jean ,valjean1 once more at liberty1 slipping along a street of ,paris holding the hand of a little girl4 ,he has taken under his protection the orphan child of an unfortunate woman who worked in his factory at ,m4 sur ,m4 ,it has been many years since he has had any one upon whom to lavish his affection4 ,the child receives all the love so long unreleased from his soul4 ,he serves her as a real parent would do1 as her mother would do had not grim circumstances robbed her of her life4 ,she shares in his vicissitudes and dangers1 but he sees her safely through to a beautiful womanhood4 ,as ,father ,madeline1 mayor of ,m4 sur ,m41 ,jean ,valjean was a notably good man4 ,now he becomes a saint4 ,there is no quality of tender-heartedness and no spirit of self-sacrifice which he does not possess4 ,he has attained to the glory of a beautiful old age1 an old age made beautiful by the presence within of a noble soul4 ,on the last lap of the journey1 he has been led by a little child4 ,if the influence of a child will not call out the tenderness planted in the human constitution1 then nothing will4 ,jean ,valjean yields to its influence4 ,he accomplishes the third stage in his redemption when he gives himself away4 ,the human heart must have something to love and something to which to cling4 ,it is never at its best until it does4 ,much of the divinity planted in these hardened lives of ours is imprisoned until it finds some object of affection to draw it out4 ,the lily of life never comes to the fullness of its bloom until the heart has found someone to love1 to toil for1 to sacrifice for4 ,silas ,marner found that influence in little ,eppie1 who came to take the place of his paltry and failing gold4 ,jean ,valjean found it in ,cosette4 ,the human tendency is to make self the centre of the universe4 ,it is plain that one can never arrive at his best until he recovers from this tendency4 ,to have the stars and planets revolve about oneself means a small1 narrow1 constricted1 and embittered life4 ,the end is failure and disappointment4 ,one must live for more than self1 or he never lives at all4 ,eulogy for ,joseph ,e4 ,henley excerpt 7#aibd7 ,i hope ,i do not err in my analysis of him when ,i say that it seems to me that the great immediate contribution to the community and the world made by ,mr4 ,henley was that of kindliness4 ,i do not know how carefully he had weighed and compared human values1 but it does seem quite clear that in this he brought as his gift the one thing the world needs most and has least4 ,we have beautiful temples1 stately liturgies1 comprehensive creeds1 pretentious programs1 strong organizations--but we have none too much of simple human kindness4 ,perhaps he saw that and resolved to leave the world a little richer in gentleness4 ,if so1 he has succeeded in his purpose4 ,the ,corner ,stones of ,life 7#aibe7 ,ephesians #b3bj-bb ,in ,the ,seven ,lamps of ,architecture1 ,ruskin has likened the principles of that art to those of life4 ,longfellow declares that1 8,all are architects of fate1 working in these walls of time40 ,paul speaks of us as ,god's building4 ,this is a proper and significant figure4 ,a great architect has named the four corner stones of a rightly constructed building4 ,they are also the four corner stones of a rightly constructed life4 ,i4 ,the first is careful planning4 ,back of the actual building is always the blue print1 carefully and laboriously made4 ,back of the blue print is the dream that has allowed a place for every part of the structure4 ,back of the dream is a soul that knows beauty and proportion4 ,a life may be less beautiful than planned1 for some plans fail1 but it will never be more so4 ,,ii4 ,the second is careful construction4 ,what will it cost8 ,what aid shall be employed8 ,what methods of building shall be followed8 ,much slipshod work may be done and successfully covered up1 but it detracts just that much from the value of the finished product4 ,our fathers knew how to build4 ,houses they reared still stand while more modern ones have fallen4 ,may it not be said that our fathers also knew better than we do how to build lives8 ,,iii4 ,the third is good materials4 ,here is where deception is especially easy4 ,poor materials can be worked in1 but they cannot be made to stand the test of time4 ,any product that has in it only the very best of materials suggests just one thing--character4 ,it is the same with a life4 ,incidentally1 may it not be assumed that one will live in direct proportion to the endurance of the materials of which he builds his life8 ,,iv4 ,the fourth corner stone is correct decoration4 ,these are things that could be left off1 but the omission of which would leave the product less beautiful and worthy4 ,one is culture4 ,one is knowledge4 ,one is religious consecration and ideals4 ,one might exist without them1 but life could never mean so much4 ,eulogy for ,sanford ,f4 ,teter excerpt 7#aibh7 444when ,sanford ,teter was suddenly stricken with what seemed to be impending death1 he went under the anaesthetic for the intricate and serious surgical operation which so marvelously prolonged his life4444 ,he recovered sufficiently for twelve additional years of courageous and victorious living4 ,surely those twelve years had their providential purpose4 ,they were years which constituted an additional period of service for him4 ,they were years in which he made himself a benediction to his friends4 ,but those twelve years constituted his fiercest and most fiery trial4 ,a brave man is not afraid to die4 ,there are many who can go down into the edge of the valley1 not knowing whether they shall ever return1 and yet not flinch nor falter4 ,but1 though the facing of what may be imminent death requires great courage1 it requires greater courage on the part of a strong man to sit by the window for twelve years watching the rest of the world go by without being able to join in its activity4 ,he longed with all the power of an intense spirit to be at work1 to be moving among his friends1 to be sharing in the life of a world of enterprise and endeavor4 ,not to be able to do so was a real trial by fire for him1 but he came out unscathed by its flame4 ,life exacted a heavy price from him1 but he paid it with a smile4 ,there is no bitterness on this quiet face that lies before us1 because there was no bitterness in his heart4 ,he passed through the fire1 but he did not let it burn away his courage4444 ,is ,prohibition ,paternalistic8 7#aiai7 ,the history of temperance reform is largely a story of vilification4 ,those who have championed it have been steadily accused by the promoters of the liquor industry4 ,they have resorted to these things for the want of better arguments4 ,when mind reaches its limit it often abdicates in favor of temper4 ,argument exhausted1 the stores of abuse are open4 ,the liquor interests have drawn an utterly impossible picture of the temperance reformer1 and have tried to create in the public mind a complete misconception of his purpose and motive4 ,the reform agitator may not always have fully appreciated the viewpoint of the man on the other side of the question4 ,it is certain that the latter has seldom given much evidence of appreciating the position of the agitator4 ,whether or not it has been intentional1 most of the protests coming from the liquor interests have originated in a misunderstanding of the attitude of the people who are striving for a sober land4 ,this misunderstanding was unnecessary4 ,it would also have been impossible had really earnest and sincere thought been given the question4 ,thinking is not always the order of the day1 however1 when either profit or appetite is involved4 ,there are still many people to whom life simply means blind following of the crowd and meek obedience to the dictates of superficial opinion4 ,comparatively few are accustomed to apply the keen edge of reason to each proposition4 ,had more defenders of the saloon cultivated this habit1 the liquor problem would have perished of anaemia4 ,one of the cries raised in the rather recent past was that no sumptuary legislation should be permitted4 ,political parties were in the habit of writing into their platforms from year to year the statement that they were opposed to all such enactment4 ,this declaration seldom failed to garner a harvest of votes from the self-styled liberal element4 ,it was cheap and easy to make such a declaration1 but it would not have been so easy to bolster it up with any reasonable defence4 ,in the light of deeper thought1 such a position appears not only unreasonable and ridiculous1 but vicious and perilous as well4 ,were one to search the criminal code from the beginning to the end he could find no law which does not partake of the sumptuary nature4 ,in one way or another1 each provision sets a limit for human liberty4 ,each tells the citizen of a thing which he may not do and remain safe from the hand of the law4 ,it does not do so because society wants to prescribe the rules of private conduct to be followed by any individual member4 ,it does so because it must protect its peaceful members against the trespasses of those who do not regard the rights of others4 ,the law against burglary1 for instance1 is really a sumptuary measure4 ,it limits liberty at the point of taking the property of other people4 ,no one complains of the injustice of such a law4 ,the menace of burglary1 however1 does not compare with the menace which the saloon system has been4 ,the law which prevents one man from selling and another from buying powerful narcotic and poisonous drugs is also a sumptuary provision4 ,it limits human liberty at the point of eating and drinking4 ,seldom does any one complain about it4 ,no other poison1 however1 has occupied so prominent a place and wrought such widespread havoc as has alcohol4 ,the saloonkeeper has harmed society more than has the burglar4 ,he should therefore suffer at least an equal degree of restraint4 ,liquor has worked more damage than has any other article of common sale4 ,there is1 therefore1 no reason why its manufacture and sale should not be affected by at least the same safeguards as those surrounding the manufacture and distribution of other dangerous drugs4 ,a kindred complaint from the liquor champions has been that the government shows increasing signs of the spirit of paternalism4 ,the contention is that the prohibition reformer represents a meddlesome class who want to control the lives of others4 ,as is the case with the first claim mentioned1 this proposition needs but a second look4 ,no proper government and no thoughtful citizen desires the mere power to control the conduct of other people4 ,especially have we tried to foster the spirit of freedom in ,america4 ,no one who loves his country wants unduly to destroy or interfere with the liberty for which the nation stands4 ,the word freedom1 however1 must not suffer a wrong interpretation4 ,freedom needs to recognize its own proper limits1 and it will do so in any properly organized social system4 ,such a measure as the prohibition of the manufacture and sale of liquor is not paternalism4 ,it is merely the protection of the individual by the group4 ,the only freedom which any man1 good or bad1 can justly claim is the freedom which ends at the point of injury to another4 ,no one has any right to deny such a measure of liberty to any man4 ,no one has the right to claim any measure of liberty beyond it4 ,the reformers so often accused of efforts at paternalism have really had no thought of limiting the freedom of any one beyond this line of democratic necessity4 ,they have not been looking at the question from that angle4 ,they have been thinking neither of liberty nor of the lack of it4 ,their consideration has not been so much the imagined rights of the sinning as it has been the real rights of those sinned against4 ,the limit to freedom which prohibition implies is only one which should have been set long ago by the reasonable thinking of amiable humanity4 ,it is a rather pitiful fact that it became necessary to have laws to do what the rational conscience had failed to do4 ,the fact that the innocent have been protected against a man and that he has been protected against himself gives him no right to insist that his liberties have been unjustly curtailed4 ,he has only been aided in the interpretation of liberty in such a way as to be able to see that it belongs to others as well as to himself4 ,those who have braved the storm of misjudgment and abuse1 so often the portion of one who tries to be true to a great trust1 did not seek the destruction of any business nor the poverty of any class of men4 ,the thought which spurred them on was that of cheerless firesides1 of hungry stomachs1 of shivering bodies1 of dwarfed and neglected lives1 and of the threatened blight of a nation4 ,it was not a question of paternalism4 ,it was one of protection4 ,when the nation has banished the saloon from its every nook and corner1 as it will soon do1 no one can justly say that ours has become a paternalistic government4 ,our government will simply have taken a forward step in the fundamental task of any government--the service and protection of its people4 ,when one finds another with a bottle of poison to his lips or with a gun to his temple1 no one calls him a meddler for striking the threatening menace to the ground4 ,in prohibition legislation1 the national government will only have stricken aside the weapon in time to preserve many a man from destruction4 ,unborn generations will thus be saved from a curse which has long hounded the human race4 ,vibration as a ,basis of ,invention 7#aiai7 ,the person who would give to the world some great invention must not deceive himself into thinking that he can do it by creative processes4 ,it is not our function to create4 ,it is our province only to adapt the laws and forces already in existence to our needs4 ,the process is really a relative rather than a creative one4 ,the laws and forces are here4 ,it is our work to relate ourselves to them4 ,one cannot build a machine that will do anything4 ,he can only construct a mechanism through which the already existing laws of nature can operate4 ,another mistake apt to be made by the amateur1 and one which will lead him farther away from instead of nearer to success1 is the entertainment of the notion that a wonderful mechanism must necessarily be complex4 ,the wonderful thing about nature1 after all1 is its simplicity4 ,the mechanism which is to establish a point of contact between us and a force of nature must be as simple in its principle as the force itself4 ,the notable thing about almost any of our great inventions is the simplicity of their design and operative principle4 ,after observing the action of any of them1 one is quite apt to turn away and inwardly remark that he could have done the same thing himself if he had only thought of it4 ,of course1 the chief approach to any notable achievement is the matter of thinking of it4 ,most of us do not think of these things1 and the reason is often the fact that we are looking for something complex when the real principle is very simple4 ,the problem of the would-be inventor or discoverer1 then1 is not one of adding something to the universe as it stands4 ,his work is to ponder the forces that have long operated and the laws by which they have operated1 and then relate his work to some one of them4 ,one of the chief of these1 and one upon which some of our notable inventions have been based1 is the universal fact of vibration4 ,the first great inventions which are based upon the vibration theory were made long before any of us were born1 and each of us has been given a free sample of both4 ,one is named the eye1 while the other is known as the ear4 ,so far as that is concerned1 the work of the actual nerves at the surface of the skin is based upon the same principle4 ,the other day in a medical laboratory ,i was examining a dissection of the human head made with a view to showing the nerves in their relation to the spinal trunk and to the brain4 ,the brain had been removed down to where its base rests upon the spinal stem4 ,i was not so much interested in the countless fibers running off from the entire length of the spinal cord nearly so much as the two sets of nerves which have to do with seeing and hearing4 ,off from the spinal stem1 just below the base of the brain1 two large nerves ran forward to the eyes1 and two other large ones ran aside to the ears4 ,these were the optic and the auditory nerves1 respectively4 ,these are the means which the ,ruling ,genius of the universe has established by which the person may maintain his contact with the outward world4 ,one of these sets takes up vibrations and reports them in terms of light4 ,the other takes vibrations and reports them in terms of sound4 ,the two sets look almost precisely alike4 ,the means by which they are made to distinguish vibrations into these two different forms of interpretation remains a mystery1 unless it be that they are made sensitive only to given lengths and types of waves4 ,the eye was the first camera1 and the inventor of the photographic process necessarily had to base his work on precisely the same principle4 ,a sensitive surface had to be provided2 a means had to be established whereby it might receive and be affected by ether vibrations of given lengths2 then the result1 which in the case of the eye is so temporary1 had to be chemically fixed and thereby rendered permanent4 ,the phonographic process is related to the vibration theory of sound just as the photographic process is based upon the wave theory of light4 ,a phonographic record is simply the photograph of a sound4 ,a surface had to be provided which was capable of receiving the record of the vibrations which make a given sound4 ,the means had to be provided by which they could be permanently recorded there4 ,then a mechanism capable of reproducing them made the phonograph complete4 ,the same effect was produced upon the ear as would have been produced by the original vibrations themselves4 ,thereby the thing which is fleeting and temporary to the ear was rendered more or less permanent4 ,these two inventions proved once and for all the truth of the theories on which they were based4 ,telegraphy and telephony1 both ordinary and wireless1 are likewise based upon phases of the vibration principle4 ,each in its day has been revolutionary4 ,we are1 however1 only upon the threshold of achievement in these vibratory means of communication4 ,each is simple1 when once achieved1 because each is based on ordinary and everyday laws of nature4 ,those who are improving upon the processes already established are not those who are trying to find different paths4 ,they are those who are seeking a closer acquaintance with natural laws as they are1 and who are seeking better ways of relating ourselves to those laws4 ,we cannot alter natural forces4 ,we can only improve upon their use4 ,there is a great field for scientific and inventive progress of an intensive nature4 ,as we move forward in the effort to gain a little firmer hold upon natural processes1 we find ourselves able to throw away today equipment which was very necessary yesterday4 ,first1 we could carry communication farther and better with metal media between the communicating points4 ,now we do it equally well without the artificial media4 ,a few years ago a scientist announced that he could accumulate1 concentrate1 and unloose a vibratory force sufficient to wreck the planet on which we live4 ,should anyone want to do such a thing1 and should the rest of the world be willing1 there is little doubt that such a thing would be possible4 ,there is probably no limit to the harm that could be done by harnessing up the ever-present vibrations to an evil end4 ,neither is there any limit to the good they can be made to do when intelligently turned to worthy purposes4 ,probably the statement of the scientist mentioned above was1 after all1 only a part of the truth4 ,someone has said that one cannot move his finger without displacing the elements of the universe all the way to the farthest star4 ,vibration is not only here but everywhere4 ,it carries light to us from so far that years are required for the journey4 ,it is not inconceivable that it might be made to do the same with sound4 ,certainly it could be made to do the same with ideas if two conditions could be fulfilled4 ,first1 there would have to be living and intelligent beings elsewhere in the universe4 ,second1 there would have to be a common code or basis of interpretation between ourselves and them4 ,about the first1 we do not know4 ,as to the second1 no one yet sees how to accomplish such a thing4 ,archimedes could have moved the world with a lever if he had only had a place to stand1 but of course he did not have it1 so the possibility was spoiled4 ,the principle of the lever1 however1 held just as good as though the impossible condition could have been fulfilled4 ,likewise1 the law of vibrations would permit of a system of wireless out into the reaches of space4 ,the difficulty is not with the law4 ,nature probably holds some provision for our every want4 ,we need only to establish the means by which she can deliver her gifts to us4 ,the universe thrills with life and action4 ,out of its heartthrobs we shall be able to gather many a blessing4 ,,appendix #a3 ,,bylines1 ,,bibliography1 ,,notes ,related poems and essays cited in the notes are attributed to ,flynn unless specified otherwise4 ,the ,ambassador4 ,byline3 ,rev4 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,expositor4 ,sep #aibi4 pp4 #acch-ci4 ,note3 ,story of the golden calf 7,exodus #cb74 ,the ,association of ,mind and ,muscle4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,kindergarten-,primary ,magazine4 ,vol4 #ca ,no4 #a4 ,manistee1 ,,mi3 ,sep #aiah4 pp4 #ad-ae4 ,notes3 #a7 8be doers of the word and not hearers only0 7,james #a3bb71 #b7 8,the sending of such young people into the arena of action20 poems3 8,the ,teacher v#aibc10 8,domsie10 #c7 8,knowledge has the largest of all potentialities20 poem1 8,iron40 ,building a ,world ,brotherhood4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #gf ,no4 #g4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,jul #aiah4 p4 #ajc4 ,note3 8,jesus recognized no artificial and arbitrary barriers20 examples3 ,parable of the ,good ,samaritan 7,luke #aj3bi-cg71 eating with sinners and tax collectors 7,mark #b3ac-ag74 ,capitalizing ,war for the ,tobacco ,trade4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,sunday ,school ,journal4 ,vol4 #ea ,no4 #e4 ,cincinnati3 ,the ,methodist ,book ,concern1 ,may #aiai4 pp4 #bga-gb4 ,children and the ,church4 ,byline3 ,rev4 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #hj ,no4 #f4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,jun #aibb4 p4 #hi4 ,notes3 #a7 ,church as 8leavening force0 7,luke #ac3bj-ba71 #b7 ,roman ,catholic worship using 8a strange tongue0 is likely referring to ,latin1 which replaced ,greek in the #bnd century ,,ce2 ,latin was replaced by vernacular languages after the ,second ,vatican ,council of the #aifjs1 #c7 ,responsibility for children's religious training2 essay1 8,the ,three ,agencies in ,child ,training40 ,christianity and ,americanism4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #gh ,no4 #aa4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,nov #aibj4 p4 #agc4 ,note3 ,national life flows from the people2 essay1 8,what ,makes a ,city80 ,the ,christian ,program4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,northwestern ,christian ,advocate4 ,vol4 #fh ,no4 #bf4 ,chicago3 ,the ,methodist ,book ,concern1 ,jun #af1 #aibj4 p4 #ffd4 ,note3 ,parables of mustard seed 7,matthew #ac3ca-cb7 and leaven 7#ac3cc74 ,the ,christian ,standard of ,greatness4 ,byline3 ,rev4 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #hj ,no4 #h4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,aug #aibb4 p4 #aag4 ,notes3 #a7 ,jesus discusses greatness with his disciples 7,mark #i3cc-ce71 #b7 ,jesus speaks of losing and finding one's life 7,matthew #aj3ci1 #af3be71 #c7 ,jesus doing good 7,acts #aj3ch74 ,the ,christ of the ,sea4 ,byline3 ,dr4 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 ,pastor of ,trinity ,m4 ,e4 ,church4 ,source3 ,berkeley ,daily ,gazette4 ,berkeley1 ,,ca3 ,berkeley ,gazette ,publishing ,company1 ,dec #be1 #aibi4 p4 #h4 ,notes3 #a7 ,jacob uses a stone as a pillow 7,genesis #bh3aa71 #b7 ,angels sing at birth of ,jesus 7,luke #b3ad71 #c7 ,jesus speaks about being born again 7,john #c3c71 #d7 ,saving one's life by losing it 7e4g41 ,john #ab3be71 #e7 ,golden ,rule 7,matthew #g3ab71 #f7 ,love your neighbor as yourself 7,matthew #bb3ci71 #g7 ,jesus speaks to rich1 young man 7,matthew #ai3af-bb74 ,contributed essay to a symposium on 8,the ,church and ,young ,people04 ,byline3 ,rev4 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 ,pastor1 ,first ,methodist ,episcopal ,church1 ,princeton1 ,,in4 ,source3 ,the ,sunday ,school ,journal4 ,vol4 #eb ,no4 #d4 ,cincinnati3 ,the ,methodist ,book ,concern1 ,apr #aibj4 pp4 #bjc-jd4 ,notes3 #a7 ,tobacco propaganda2 essay1 8,capitalizing ,war for the ,tobacco ,trade10 #b7 ,training children's mind1 body1 religious instinct1 and social relationships2 essay1 8,the ,three ,agencies in ,child ,training40 ,the ,church's ,fourfold ,program4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,living ,church4 ,vol4 #fg ,no4 #a4 ,milwaukee3 ,morehouse ,publishing ,co41 ,may #f1 #aibb4 p4 #af4 ,notes3 #a7 ,evangelism as the thing the ,church has been set to do 7,matthew #bh3af-bj71 #b7 8,let there be light0 7,genesis #a3c71 #c7 ,christian education in the home and school2 essay1 8,the ,three ,agencies in ,child ,training40 ,civilization4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,social ,science4 ,vol4 #e ,no4 #a4 ,winfield1 ,,ks3 ,pi ,gamma ,mu1 ,international ,honor ,society in ,social ,sciences2 ,nov #aibi-;,jan #aicj4 pp4 #ib-ic4 ,notes3 #a7 ,the source listed this story as an editorial piece1 #b7 ,from the source's 8,contributors0 section 7p4 #acj73 8,,clarence ,e4 ,,flynn is pastor of the ,trinity ,methodist ,episcopal ,church1 the university church1 ,berkeley1 ,california4 ,he is a graduate of ,de ,pauw ,university and holds the ,d4 ,d4 degree from that institution4 ,his work in the past consists of pastorates of several churches1 superintendency of the ,bloomington1 ,indiana1 district of the ,methodist ,episcopal ,church1 magazine articles1 poems and edited works in connection with ,methodist denominational work40 ,de,pauw conferred the ,doctor of ,divinity degree honorarily4 ,the ,comrade ,perfect3 ,an ,appreciation4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,youth4 ,vol4 #c ,no4 #aa4 ,kansas ,city3 ,unity ,school of ,christianity1 ,nov #aibi4 p4 #f4 ,notes3 #a7 8,him who was called ,immanuel1 or ,god with us0 7,matthew #a3bc71 #b7 8the coming of the spirit divine0 7,acts #b3a-d71 #c7 ,god seeks a place in human hearts2 poems3 8,the ,king10 8,no ,room in the ,inn10 #d7 ,god as immanent2 poems3 8,the ,creator10 8,god's ,manners10 8,the ,voices of ,god10 #e7 ,providence2 poems3 8,the ,god of the ,beginning10 8,what ,does ,it ,matter80 ,the ,corner ,stones of ,life4 ,byline3 ,rev4 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,expositor4 ,vol4 #bg ,no4 #a4 ,cleveland3 ,f4 ,m4 ,barton ,co41 ,oct #aibe4 p4 #fa4 ,notes3 #a7 ,quoted ,longfellow from poem1 8,the ,builders10 #b7 ,paul mentions people as ,god's building in the subtitle's biblical reference and #a ,corinthians #c3i-ag1 #c7 ,ideals2 essay1 8,the ,christ of the ,sea40 ,correspondence4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,office ,economist4 ,vol4 #aa ,no4 #aj4 ,jamestown1 ,,ny3 ,art ,metal ,construction ,company1 ,dec #aibi4 p4 #ab4 ,note3 ,poem1 8,the ,heart of a ,child is a ,scroll40 ,creating a ,demand4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,dodge ,idea4 ,vol4 #ce ,no4 #i4 ,mishawaka1 ,,in3 ,kenyon ,w4 ,mix1 ,sep #aiai4 pp4 #ibi1 #ida4 ,note3 ,byline had misspelling1 8,clarenc ,e4 ,flynn40 ,the ,crowded ,inn4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,miami ,daily ,metropolis4 ,vol4 #bj ,no4 #i4 ,miami3 ,metropolis ,publishing ,co41 ,dec #bc1 #aiaf4 p4 #f4 ,notes3 #a7 ,inconsistent capitalization of 8his_/him10 as it refers to ,jesus ,christ1 has been made more consistent1 #b7 ,persecution as counterproductive against ,christianity and ,christians 7,acts #e3ch-db71 #c7 ,the sentence 8,he never will flee persecution0 was followed by the sentence fragment 8,the brightest intellect1 and the most earnest seekers after the truth of ,his dominion40 ,the fragment seems erroneous and was removed for readability1 #d7 8,let us find whether the doors of the throne rooms of our own hearts are open20 poems3 8,heart ,gates10 8,the ,king10 and 8,no ,room in the ,inn40 ,determinants4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,special ,crops4 ,vol4 #bj ,no4 #bcb4 ,skaneateles1 ,,ny3 ,c4 ,m4 ,goodspeed1 ,dec #aiba4 p4 #cji4 ,note3 ,poems3 8,have ,you ,tried810 8,iron10 and 8,a ,trouble ,making ,world40 ,do ,it ,right4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,boys' ,world4 ,vol4 #af ,no4 #ba4 ,elgin1 ,,il3 ,david ,c4 ,cook ,publishing ,company1 ,may #bf1 #aiag4 p4 #e4 ,note3 ,poems3 8,almost10 8,doing ,it ,well10 8,the ,engineer10 and 8,the ,section ,foreman40 ,dollars ,versus ,sense4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 ,princeton1 ,,in4 ,source3 ,the ,school ,news and ,practical ,educator4 ,vol4 #cd ,no4 #i4 ,taylorville1 ,,il3 ,parker ,publishing ,company1 ,may #aiba4 pp4 #egb-ge4 ,notes3 #a7 ,poem1 8,i ,want10 #b7 8,where wealth accumulates1 and men decay20 from ,oliver ,goldsmith's poem1 8,the ,deserted ,village0 7#aggj74 ,education and ,production4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,school ,arts ,magazine4 ,vol4 #bj ,no4 #f4 ,worcester1 ,,ma3 ,the ,davis ,press1 ,inc41 ,feb #aiba4 pp4 #ccb-cd4 ,notes3 #a7 ,if 8the notion that gentlemen do not labor with their hands0 sounds haughty1 consider the poem1 8,in ,conference10 #b7 8whatever is worth doing at all is worth doing well20 poem1 8,doing ,it ,well10 #c7 8perform444with a minimum of friction and waste20 essay1 8,the ,yoke10 #d7 8,the life of society is co-operative20 poems3 8,along the ,road10 8,team-work40 ,efficient ,spending4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,cookery4 ,vol4 #be ,no4 #g4 ,boston3 ,boston ,cooking-,school ,magazine ,company1 ,feb #aiba4 pp4 #ejd-jf4 ,note3 8,the poor we always have with us0 7cf4 ,matthew #bf3aa74 ,eulogy for ,joseph ,e4 ,henley excerpt4 ,byline3 ,rev4 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 ,first ,methodist ,church1 ,bloomington ,,in4 ,source3 ,indiana ,university ,alumni ,quarterly4 ,vol4 #aa ,no4 #c4 ,bloomington1 ,,in3 ,indiana ,university ,association of ,alumni and ,former ,students1 ,jul #aibd4 p4 #deh4 ,note3 ,contrasting behavior and religious trappings3 contributed essay to a symposium on 8,the ,church and ,young ,people40 ,eulogy for ,sanford ,f4 ,teter excerpt4 ,byline3 ,dr4 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 pastor of the ,first ,methodist ,episcopal ,church1 ,bloomington ,,in4 ,source3 ,indiana ,university ,alumni ,quarterly4 ,vol4 #ae ,no4 #b4 ,bloomington1 ,,in3 ,indiana ,university ,association of ,alumni and ,former ,students1 ,apr #aibh4 pp4 #bee-ef4 ,note3 ,de,pauw ,university conferred the ,doctor of ,divinity degree honorarily to ,flynn4 ,facing the ,future4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #gg ,no4 #c4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,mar #aiai4 p4 #dj4 ,notes3 #a7 ,approaching truth by fair and honest habits of thought2 essay1 8,the ,laboratory ,test10 #b7 ,more adequate and satisfying interpretation of religion2 essay1 8,newer ,conceptions of ,religion10 #c7 ,ovid writing about humanity's backward movement 7,metamorphoses71 #d7 ,tennyson writing about humanity moving forward to a divine event 7,in ,memoriam ,a4,h4,h471 #e7 8the seer of ,patmos0 7cf4 ,revelation #a3i-aa71 #f7 8new heaven and a new earth0 7,revelation #ba3a74 ,the ,fountain of ,youth4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #ge ,no4 #aa4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,nov #aiag4 p4 #afd4 ,notes3 #a7 8,one is as old as the spirit within him20 poem1 8,the ,age of a ,heart10 #b7 ,episode involving ,hezekiah 7#b ,kings #bj74 ,four ,addresses to ,young ,people4 ,byline3 ,rev4 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,expositor4 ,mar #aibi4 pp4 #ffi-ga4 ,notes3 #a7 8,it is the great compulsion20 essay1 8,the ,great ,compulsion10 #b7 ,the presence of 8not0 in 8,the person who does not find it in his soul0 seems inconsistent with the message1 #c7 8world builder for ,god20 poems3 8,the ,builder v#aibd10 8,the ,builders10 #d7 ,call of ,isaiah in temple 7,isaiah #f71 #e7 ,jesus reads from ,isaiah 7,luke #d3af-ba71 #f7 ,john's vision 7,book of ,revelation71 #g7 8,moses said he was not eloquent20 poem1 8,i am not eloquent10 #h7 8mistake for a minister to forsake the altar to serve tables0 7,acts #f3b-d74 ,free ,verse4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,editor4 ,vol4 #ed ,no4 #e4 ,highland ,falls1 ,,ny3 ,jun #be1 #aiba4 pp4 #fe-ff4 ,notes3 #a7 ,mary's ,magnificat 7,luke #a3df-ee71 #b7 ,nunc ,dimittis of ,simeon 7,luke #b3bi-cb74 ,the ,great ,compulsion4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,expositor4 ,cleveland3 ,f4 ,m4 ,barton ,company1 ,oct #aibh4 p4 #cc4 ,notes3 #a7 ,moses seeing his people's burdens 7,exodus #b3aa71 #b7 ,john eats a book 7,revelation #aj3i71 #c7 ,jesus wept for ,jerusalem 7,luke #ai3da71 #d7 ,usage of bondslave 7e4g41 ,colossians #d3ab74 ,the ,great ,teacher4 ,byline3 ,rev4 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,expositor4 ,vol4 #bf ,no4 #i4 ,cleveland3 ,f4 ,m4 ,barton and ,co41 ,jun #aibe4 pp4 #abgf-gg4 ,note3 ,jesus taught with authority and not as the scribes 7,matthew #g3bh-bi74 ,has the ,day of ,great ,preachers ,passed4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 ,princeton1 ,,in4 ,source3 ,the ,homiletic ,review4 ,vol4 #ha ,no4 #b4 ,new ,york3 ,funk ,wagnalls ,company1 ,feb #aiba4 pp4#aag-ai4 ,notes3 #a7 8competing against ,god for444thought and attention20 essay1 8,the ,crowded ,inn10 #b7 ,moses met ,god on the mountain 7,exodus #c3a-ad71 #c7 ,elkanah1 ,hannah1 and son1 ,samuel 7#a ,samuel71 #d7 ,partnership of ,moses and ,aaron 7,exodus #d3aj-ag74 ,the ,heart ,interest in ,preaching4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 ,princeton1 ,,in4 ,source3 ,the ,expositor4 ,vol4 #bd ,no4 #b4 ,cleveland3 ,nov #aibb4 p4 #aib4 ,note3 ,poem1 8,patchwork40 ,the ,holy ,spirit and ,social ,viewpoint4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,northwestern ,christian ,advocate4 ,vol4 #gj ,no4 #bg4 ,chicago3 ,the ,methodist ,book ,concern1 ,jun #ba1 #aibb4 pp4 #fhd-he4 ,note3 ,day of ,pentecost 7,acts #b74 ,the ,home ,budget4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,cookery4 ,vol4 #be ,no4 #d4 ,boston3 ,boston ,cooking-,school ,magazine ,company1 ,nov #aibj4 pp4 #bhe-hg4 ,the ,international ,religion4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,congregationalist4 ,vol4 #ajh ,no4 #eb4 ,boston3 ,the ,pilgrim ,press1 ,dec #bg1 #aibc4 p4 #hhd4 ,notes3 #a7 ,liberty was taken in completing illegible text in the source's right-hand margin1 #b7 ,if the reader does not find the text in ,revelation #i of their bible translation1 try ,revelation #g3d-i1 #c7 8,king of kings and ,lord of lords0 7e4g41 ,revelation #ai3af1 #a ,timothy #f3ae71 #d7 ,jesus in people's hearts2 poems3 8,finding ,god10 8,the ,king10 and 8,no ,room in the ,inn40 ,is ,it ,nothing to ,you4 ,byline3 ,rev4 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,expositor4 ,aug #aibi4 p4 #abfa4 ,is ,prohibition ,paternalistic8 ,byline3 ,rev4 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,living ,church4 ,vol4 #fj ,no4 #aa4 ,milwaukee3 ,morehouse ,publishing ,co41 ,jan #aa1 #aiai4 p4 #ced4 ,notes3 #a7 ,control the conduct of other people2 essay1 8,is ,it ,nothing to ,you10 #b7 8as it will soon do20 ,congress passed the #ahth ,amendment to the ,constitution on ,dec #bb1 #aiag1 and the necessary three-fourths of states ratified it by ,jan #af1 #aiai4 ,then1 the necessary three-fourths of states ratified the #bast ,amendment by ,dec #e1 #aicc1 thereby repealing the #ahth ,amendment4 7https3_/_/www4fjc4gov_/history_/ exhibits_/prohibition-in-federal-courts- timeline7 8,it was an innocent-faced maid04 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,richmond ,daily ,palladium4 ,richmond1 ,,in3 ,palladium ,printing ,co41 ,mar #e1 #aijf4 p4 #d4 ,the ,laboratory ,test4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #gi ,no4 #b4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,feb #aiba4 p4 #cf4 ,note3 ,ancient singer's challenge 7,psalm #cd3h-i74 ,the ,laughing ,man4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #gg ,no4 #e4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,may #aiai4 p4 #gb4 ,notes3 #a7 ,jean ,valjean2 essay1 8,the ,redemption of ,jean ,valjean10 #b7 8,god has never hesitated to go to any length for the sake of people4 ,such is also the spirit of those who enter into the secrets of ,his plans40 7cf4 ,john #ae3ab-ac74 ,let the ,minister ,know ,life4 ,byline3 ,rev4 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,expositor4 ,sep #aibi4 p4 #acch4 ,note3 ,poem1 8,patchwork40 ,life's ,backgrounds4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #gg ,no4 #aj4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,oct #aiai4 p4 #adh4 ,notes3 #a7 8life is like a picture20 multiple poems in poetry book's index under 8,life10 #b7 ,life's determining factors2 essay1 8,determinants10 #c7 ,whitewashing hidden faults 7cf4 ,matthew #bc3bg-bh71 #d7 ,hard work hidden behind the success2 poem1 8,the ,lucky ,man10 #e7 ,influencing another person's life2 poem1 8,domsie40 ,life's ,handicaps4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #gf ,no4 #b4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,feb #aiah4 p4 #bd4 ,notes3 #a7 ,jesus heals paralytic let down through roof 7,mark #b3a-ab71 #b7 ,jesus teaches about ensuring costs can be covered before starting to build 7,luke #ad3bh-cj74 ,the ,light4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 ,indianapolis1 ,,in4 ,source3 ,the ,christian ,advocate4 ,vol4 #ij ,no4 #cj4 ,new ,york3 ,methodist ,book ,concern1 ,jul #bi1 #aiae4 pp4 #ajji-aj4 ,notes3 #a7 ,description of ,god as light 7#a ,john #a3e71 #b7 ,creation of light 7,genesis #a3c71 #c7 ,a determinant created different outcomes between plants of the same family2 essay1 8,determinants10 #d7 ,what will and will not stand the light 7,john #c3ai-ba1 ,ephesians #e3h74 ,the ,line of ,necessity4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #gf ,no4 #g4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,jul #aiah4 p4 #ajj4 ,notes3 #a7 ,friendship2 essay1 8,the ,necessary ,asset--,friends10 and poems3 8,fade-,outs0 and 8,whatever he may wish or plan10 #b7 ,points from the ,sermon on the ,mount 7,matthew #e3ch-dh74 ,love's ,burdens4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #gi ,no4 #a4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,jan #aiba4 p4 #d4 ,notes3 #a7 ,the sick need a physician 7,matthew #i3ab71 #b7 ,jesus prays in garden 7,matthew #bf3cf74 8,a man entered a downtown street car04 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,richmond ,daily ,palladium4 ,richmond1 ,,in3 ,palladium ,printing ,co41 ,mar #e1 #aijf4 p4 #d4 ,the ,message of an ,empty ,tomb4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,northwestern ,christian ,advocate4 ,vol4 #fh ,no4 #ae4 ,chicago3 ,the ,methodist ,book ,concern1 ,mar #ca1 #aibj4 pp4 #cfh-fi4 ,notes3 #a7 ,joseph of ,arimathea buried ,jesus 7,matthew #bg3eg-fj71 #b7 8the valley and the shadow of death0 7cf4 ,psalm #bc3d71 #c7 ,jesus raises ,lazarus from the dead 7,john #aa3a-dd71 #d7 ,the gospel as truth2 essay1 8,the ,light10 #e7 ,jesus's ideal2 essay1 8,the ,christ of the ,sea40 ,the ,message of the ,washington ,monument4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #gg ,no4 #b4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,feb #aiai4 p4 #ca4 ,note3 ,pretense and unreality2 poem1 8,the ,close-,up40 ,the ,minister and ,his ,reading4 ,byline3 ,rev4 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,expositor4 ,apr #aibh4 pp4 #gfd-ff4 ,notes3 #a7 8speaks with authority and not as the ,scribes0 7,mark #a3bb71 #b7 8still small voice0 7#a ,kings #ai3ab71 #c7 ,temptation of ,jesus 7,matthew #d3a-aa71 #d7 ,jesus states he has overcome the world 7,john #af3cc71 #e7 ,disciples' encounter with ,jesus on the road to ,emmaus 7,luke #bd3ac-ce74 ,the ,modern ,grandmother4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,woman's ,home ,companion4 ,vol4 #db ,no4 #c4 ,springfield1 ,,oh3 ,crowell ,publishing ,company1 ,mar #aiae4 p4 #gh4 ,music and ,history4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 ,princeton1 ,,in4 ,source3 ,the ,school ,news and ,practical ,educator4 ,vol4 #cd ,no4 #f4 ,taylorville1 ,,il3 ,parker ,publishing ,company1 ,feb #aiba4 pp4 #cgj-gb4 ,the ,nearness of ,destiny4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #gi ,no4 #b4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,feb #aiba4 p4 #bi4 ,notes3 #a7 ,procrastination2 poem1 8,the ,umbrella ,mender10 #b7 ,kingdom of ,god2 poem1 8,the ,gateway of the ,kingdom10 #c7 ,jesus stating 8the ,kingdom is at hand0 7,matthew #aj3g72 poem1 8,imminence10 #d7 ,daily events marked by eternal significance as well as cause and effect2 poem1 8,charge ,account10 #e7 8,the ,christ of revelation0 is at least based on the reference in the essay's first sentence ,revelation #a3a1 8,the revelation of ,jesus ,christ4440 7,new ,american ,bible71 #f7 ,the ,hebrew prophet 7,amos #d3ab71 #g7 8shortly come to pass0 7,revelation #a3a71 #h7 ,life events mentioned in last paragraph2 several poems in poetry book's index under 8,life40 ,the ,necessary ,asset--,friends4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,boys' ,world4 ,vol4 #af ,no4 #dh4 ,elgin1 ,,il3 ,david ,c4 ,cook ,publishing ,company1 ,dec #a1 #aiag4 p4 #d4 ,newer ,conceptions of ,religion4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 ,princeton1 ,,in4 ,source3 ,the ,congregationalist4 ,vol4 #ajg ,no4 #bf4 ,boston3 ,the ,pilgrim ,press1 ,jun #bi1 #aibb4 p4 #hba4 ,note3 ,refrain from living in the past2 essay1 8,the ,sword that ,keeps the ,past40 ,the ,new ,philosophy4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,editor4 ,vol4 #eb ,no4 #b4 ,ridgewood1 ,,nj3 ,the ,editor ,company1 ,jan #be1 #aibj4 pp4 #aaf-ah4 ,the ,objective of ,service4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,northwestern ,christian ,advocate4 ,vol4 #gj ,no4 #bf4 ,chicago3 ,the ,methodist ,book ,concern1 ,jun #ad1 #aibb4 p4 #feg4 ,notes3 #a7 8,where wealth accumulates1 and men decay20 from ,oliver ,goldsmith's poem1 8,the ,deserted ,village0 7#aggj71 #b7 8new heaven and a new earth0 7cf4 ,isaiah #fe3ag-be74 ,the ,obligation of ,good ,cheer4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #gd ,no4 #aa4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,nov #aiaf4 p4 #aie4 ,notes3 #a7 ,essay1 8,the ,laughing ,man10 #b7 8444that ,one in whose presence is fulness of joy and at whose right hand there are pleasures forevermore40 7,psalm #af3aa74 ,jesus and joy 7e4g41 ,john #ae3aa74 ,the ,opportunity and ,peril of the ,writer4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,editor4 ,vol4 #dh ,no4 #ab4 ,ridgewood1 ,,nj3 ,the ,editor ,company1 ,jun #be1 #aiah4 pp4 #dji-aa4 ,notes3 #a7 ,peace and brotherhood making war impossible2 poems3 8,the ,new ,day10 8,brotherhood10 #b7 ,stowe's first installment appeared ,june #e1 #ahea 7page #a1 column #a71 #c7 ,unlike his mentioning of ,stowe's work1 ,flynn doesn't mention the first installment of ,sinclair's work2 it appeared in socialist ,julius ,wayland's paper1 ,appeal to ,reason1 ,february #be1 #aije 7entire cover page71 #d7 8,a derisive term444once elected a man president40 ,in ,flynn's later essay1 8,words10 he associates the term 8,log ,cabin ,harrison0 with ,william ,henry ,harrison4 ,our ,blessings of ,deliverance4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #hj ,no4 #aa4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,nov #aibb4 p4 #aff4 ,note3 8,give us this day our daily bread0 7,matthew #f3aa74 ,paul's ,ideal ,sufficient4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 ,indianapolis1 ,,in4 ,source3 ,the ,christian ,advocate4 ,vol4 #ic ,no4 #bd4 ,new ,york3 ,methodist ,book ,concern1 ,jun #ac1 #aiah4 pp4 #gcd-ce4 ,note3 8a pillar and ground of the truth0 may refer to the church of the living ,god 7#a ,timothy #c3ae74 ,the ,post-,war ,outlook for ,literature4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,editor4 ,vol4 #ej ,no4 #aj4 ,ridgewood1 ,,nj3 ,the ,editor ,company1 ,may #be1 #aiai4 pp4 #gd-gf4 ,note3 8various subjects down from the ethereal heights of mystical theory to the solid levels of plain thinking and everyday living20 essay1 8,the ,new ,philosophy40 ,preaching to ,college ,students4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,expositor4 ,jun #aibh4 p4 #ihc-hd4 ,note3 ,poems3 8,the ,builder v#aibd10 8,the ,builders40 ,the ,price of ,liberty4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,western ,christian ,advocate4 ,vol4 #hb ,no4 #f4 ,cincinnati3 ,methodist ,book ,concern1 ,feb #i1 #aiaf4 p4 #acj4 ,notes3 #a7 8the love which lays down its life for its friends0 7cf4 ,john #ae3ac71 #b7 temple's veil was split 7,matthew #bg3ea74 ,the ,redemption of ,jean ,valjean4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,montreal ,witness and ,canadian ,homestead4 ,vol4 #gg ,no4 #cd4 ,montreal3 ,john ,dougall ,son1 ,aug #bc1 #aibb4 p4 #aj4 ,notes3 #a7 ,frenchman ,victor ,hugo published ,les ,miserables in #ahfb1 #b7 ,isaiah's redemption 7,isaiah #f3a-g71 #c7 ,noah and the flood 7,genesis #f-h71 #d7 ,noah as drunkard 7,genesis #i3bj-ba71 #e7 ,silas ,marner and ,eppie are characters in ,silas ,marner3 ,the ,weaver of ,raveloe1 an #ahfa novel by ,englishwoman ,mary ,ann ,evans 7pen name is ,george ,eliot71 #f7 ,self2 poem1 8,the ,trouble ,making ,world10 #g7 ,this essay is physically available at ,flynn's alma mater1 ,de,pauw ,university1 in their ,archives and ,special ,collections 7https3_/_/depauw4libraryhost4com_/ repositories_/#b_/resources_/#ahhg72 although the essay is undated1 ,flynn graduated from ,de,pauw in #aiaa1 #h7 ,this essay is used as a positive example of certain elements of literary writing 7,webb1 ,mary ,griffin and ,edna ,lenore ,webb1 eds4 ,famous ,living ,americans4 ,greencastle1 ,,in3 ,charles ,webb ,company1 #aiae4 pp4 #h1 #aj-aa74 ,the ,religion of the ,new ,age4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 ,bloomington1 ,,in4 ,source3 ,the ,homiletic ,review4 ,vol4 #gg ,no4 #c4 ,new ,york3 ,funk ,wagnalls ,company1 ,mar #aiai4 pp4 #aib-id4 ,notes3 #a7 ,essay1 8,newer ,conceptions of ,religion10 #b7 ,prophecy of a new heaven and earth 7,isaiah #fe3ag-be71 #c7 8,it is with religion just as with science or philosophy20 essay1 8,the ,new ,philosophy40 ,the ,riverside4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,our ,paper4 ,vol4 #ce ,no4 #a4 ,concord ,junction1 ,,ma3 ,massachusetts ,reformatory1 ,jan #f1 #aiah4 p4 #fcj4 ,note3 ,we rise by the things that are under our feet' is from a poem 7,holland1 ,josiah ,gilbert4 8,gradatim40 ,christian ,science ,journal4 ,vol4 #ac ,no4 #e4 ,boston3 ,the ,christian ,science ,publishing ,society1 ,aug #ahie4 p4 #baj74 ,the ,road ,uphill4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,youth4 ,vol4 #c ,no4 #i4 ,kansas ,city3 ,unity ,school of ,christianity1 ,sep #aibi4 p4 #bf4 ,notes3 #a7 ,zechariah speaks about avoiding the sins of their fathers 7,zechariah #a3d71 #b7 ,jesus reads ,his commission 7,luke #d3af-ba74 ,the ,sabbath ,desecration4 ,byline3 ,rev4 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 ,indianapolis1 ,,in4 ,source3 ,western ,christian ,advocate4 ,vol4 #gf ,no4 #ah4 ,cincinnati3 ,jennings ,graham1 ,may #d1 #aiaj4 pp4 #ad-ae4 ,notes3 #a7 ,some ,old ,testament background on the sabbath 7,exodus #af3af-cj2 #ca3ab-ag71 #b7 8the apparent attitude of ,jesus toward the ,sabbath0 7,matthew #ab3a-h2 ,mark #b3bc-bh1 #c3a-e2 ,luke #f3a-aa71 #c7 8,our lonely ,sinais must precede our deeds of leadership10 may refer to the commission of ,moses 7,exodus #c thru #d3ag71 #d7 ,quoted lesson 7,isaiah #cj3ae74 ,the ,safe ,foundations for a ,league of ,nations4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #gg ,no4 #g4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,jul #aiai4 p4 #ajj4 ,notes3 #a7 ,,wwi ended ,nov #aa1 #aiah4 ,the ,league of ,nations officially came into existence on ,jan #aj1 #aibj1 #b7 ,tower of ,babel 7,genesis #aa3a-i71 #c7 ,poems3 8,brotherhood20 selfish ways and purposes3 8,the ,measure of ,life10 8,a ,trouble ,making ,world40 ,the ,same ,face4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 ,indianapolis1 ,,in4 ,source3 ,the ,christian ,advocate4 ,vol4 #ij ,no4 #ah4 ,new ,york3 ,methodist ,book ,concern1 ,may #f1 #aiae4 p4 #fjd4 ,the ,school as a ,reform ,agency4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 ,princeton1 ,,in4 ,source3 ,the ,school ,news and ,practical ,educator4 ,vol4 #cd ,no4 #e4 ,taylorville1 ,,il3 ,parker ,publishing ,company1 ,jan #aiba4 pp4 #caf-ah4 ,notes3 #a7 8his first impulse to try20 poem1 8,the ,secret10 #b7 ,just as a teacher's 8possession of great power is at once an opportunity and a peril10 so it is for a writer2 essay1 8,the ,opportunity and ,peril of the ,writer10 #c7 8,most evils remain only because people do not realize that there is a better way20 essay1 8,the ,yoke01 #d7 ,not all subscribe to 8the natural position of authority occupied by the teacher20 poem1 8,the ,modern ,pupil10 #e7 8the person who builds manhood and womanhood444is building the future20 poem1 8,the ,teacher v#aiba40 ,the ,school ,teacher and the ,republic4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,school ,news and ,practical ,educator4 ,vol4 #cc ,no4 #aj4 ,taylorville1 ,,il3 ,parker ,publishing ,company1 ,jun-,jul #aibj4 pp4 #ehh-hi4 ,note3 ,many poems in poetry book's index under 8teaching40 ,the ,sense of the ,human4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #gh ,no4 #i4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,sep #aibj4 p4 #acf4 ,notes3 #a7 8realize the presence of people about us10 and later1 8the kingliness of service20 poem1 8,along the ,road10 #b7 8,when we learn to be like ,him1 we shall possess the same viewpoint20 poem1 8,the ,measure of ,life40 ,should ,prices ,be ,standardized8 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,dodge ,idea4 ,vol4 #ce ,no4 #h4 ,mishawaka1 ,,in3 ,kenyon ,w4 ,mix1 ,aug #aiai4 p4 #ijj4 ,some ,new ,facts ,about ,alcohol4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,living ,church4 ,vol4 #fj ,no4 #i4 ,milwaukee3 ,morehouse ,publishing ,co41 ,dec #bh1 #aiah4 p4 #bhi4 ,some ,overlooked ,compensations in ,teaching4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,popular ,educator4 ,vol4 #ch ,no4 #a4 ,boston3 ,popular ,educator ,company1 ,sep #aibj4 pp4 #f-g4 ,notes3 #a7 ,many poems in poetry book's index under 8teaching10 #b7 8,a man's life does not consist in the abundance of the things he possesses40 7cf4 ,luke #ab3af-ba72 also1 many poems in poetry book's index under 8values10 #c7 8,one cannot long conceal a lack of mind and soul with clothes and paint0 7cf4 ,matthew #bc3bg-bh74 ,some ,principles of ,efficiency4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,boys' ,world4 ,vol4 #af ,no4 #ch4 ,elgin1 ,,il3 ,david ,c4 ,cook ,publishing ,company1 ,sep #bb1 #aiag4 p4 #f4 ,notes3 #a7 ,selfishness2 poems3 8,a ,trouble ,making ,world0 and 8,i ,want10 #b7 ,thinking and right judgments2 poem1 8,prayer for ,normal ,men10 #c7 ,acknowledging others' minds2 poem1 8,minds10 #d7 ,striving to be right2 poem1 8,let ,us ,be ,right10 #e7 ,talents as a resource2 poems3 8,i am not eloquent0 and 8,iron10 #f7 8the man who hides his single coin in a napkin0 7,luke #ai3aa-bf71 #g7 ,purpose in life2 poem1 8,why ,we ,are ,here10 #h7 ,getting at a task2 poems3 8,have ,you ,tried80 and 8,the ,umbrella ,mender10 #i7 ,staying on a task2 poems3 8,almost0 and 8,a ,second ,wind10 #aj7 ,doing things well2 poems3 8,doing ,it ,well10 8,the ,engineer10 and 8,the ,section ,foreman10 #aa7 ,getting at a task1 staying on it1 and making progress2 poem1 8,the ,secret40 ,some ,problems of the ,preacher4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,expositor4 ,sep #aibh4 p4 #acjf4 ,note3 ,episode involving ,nadab and ,abihu 7,leviticus #aj3a-e74 ,some ,stories ,about ,beethoven4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,uplift4 ,vol4 #g ,no4 #g4 ,concord1 ,,nc3 ,the ,board of ,trustees of the ,stonewall ,jackson ,manual ,training and ,industrial ,school1 ,sep #aiae4 p4 #ad4 ,the ,sound-,reproducing ,machine as a ,music ,teacher4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,etude4 ,vol4 #cg ,no4 #ab4 ,philadelphia3 ,theodore ,presser ,co41 ,dec #aiai4 p4 #ghi4 ,the ,story of the ,red ,cross4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,sabbath ,recorder4 ,vol4 #hc ,no4 #be4 ,plainfield1 ,,nj3 ,the ,american ,sabbath ,tract ,society1 ,dec #ag1 #aiag4 pp4 #ggi-ha4 ,notes3 #a7 ,this historical article is part of the collection because of the prose portraying the ,red ,cross as a means for uplifting humanity1 #b7 ,the source follows the article with a proclamation by ,president ,woodrow ,wilson--then ,president of the ,american ,red ,cross as well--encouraging ten million ,americans to join the ,red ,cross 8because it alone can carry the pledges of ,christmas good will to those who are bearing for us the real burdens of the world-war1 both in our own army and navy and in the nations upon whose territory the issues of the world-war are being fought out40 ,for context1 the ,,us population in #aibj was #ajf1jba1efh4 7https3_/_/www4census4gov_/data_/tables_ /time-series_/ dec_/popchange-data-text4html74 ,the ,successors of ,tantalus4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #gi ,no4 #h4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,sep #aiba4 p4 #aec4 ,the ,sword that ,keeps the ,past4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,western ,christian ,advocate4 ,vol4 #hb ,no4 #h4 ,cincinnati3 ,methodist ,book ,concern1 ,feb #bc1 #aiaf4 p4 #age4 ,the ,three ,agencies in ,child ,training4 ,byline3 ,rev4 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,western ,christian ,advocate4 ,vol4 #ge ,no4 #bd4 ,cincinnati3 ,jennings ,graham1 ,jun #af1 #aiji4 p4 #aj4 ,notes3 #a7 8the living and vital religion1 to which even the school owes its being20 essay1 8,the ,school ,teacher and the ,republic10 #b7 ,ending quote 7,luke #b3eb74 ,vibration as a ,basis of ,invention4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 ,indiana4 ,source3 ,the ,wireless ,age4 ,vol4 #f ,no4 #i4 ,new ,york3 ,wireless ,press ,inc41 ,jun #aiai4 pp4 #da-dc4 ,notes3 #a7 ,invention2 poems3 8,how ,it ,started10 8,inventive ,genius10 and 8,starting ,things10 #b7 ,phonograph2 essay1 8,the ,sound-,reproducing ,machine as a ,music ,teacher40 ,what ,can ,we ,believe8 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,southwestern ,christian ,advocate4 ,vol4 #ee ,no4 #db4 ,cincinnati3 ,the ,methodist ,book ,concern1 ,oct #ah1 #aibh4 p4 #hai4 ,note3 ,poems3 beliefs 78,the ,things ,that ,i ,believe071 ,god as ,architect 78,the ,creator071 ,jesus as ,peasant of ,galilee 78,the ,king071 consequences 78,charge ,account071 spiritual_/soul 78,the ,divine ,image074 ,what ,is ,happening to ,religion8 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,southwestern ,christian ,advocate4 ,vol4 #ef ,no4 #d4 ,cincinnati3 ,the ,methodist ,book ,concern1 ,jan #bd1 #aibi4 p4 #fi4 ,notes3 #a7 8,the technique of the scientific laboratory forbids compromise20 essay1 8,the ,laboratory ,test10 #b7 ,poem1 8,imminence10 #c7 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn was quoted on the topic of writing about science1 8,in trying to make science read like a fairy tale1 one must not make a fairy tale of it40 7,leete1 ,frederick ,d4 ,christianity in ,science4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,abingdon ,press1 #aibh4 p4 #acg7 ,what ,makes a ,city8 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 ,member1 ,kiwanis ,club of ,bloomington1 ,,in4 ,source3 ,the ,kiwanis ,magazine4 ,vol4 #ad ,no4 #b4 ,chicago3 ,kiwanis ,international1 ,feb #bi1 #aibi4 pp4 #hf1 #ajh4 ,notes3 #a7 8a home life so beautiful and adequate as to require no substitutes20 poems3 8,home v#aiba10 8,the ,making of ,home10 #b7 ,responsibilities of home1 school1 and church2 essay1 8,the ,three ,agencies in ,child ,training10 #c7 ,sanctity of the ,lord's ,day2 essay1 8,the ,sabbath ,desecration40 ,the ,will4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,western ,christian ,advocate4 ,vol4 #ha ,no4 #ch4 ,cincinnati3 ,methodist ,book ,concern1 ,sep #bb1 #aiae4 p4 #ibb4 ,note3 ,poem1 8,the ,tree40 ,words4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,american ,messenger4 ,vol4 #ge ,no4 #g4 ,new ,york3 ,the ,american ,tract ,society1 ,jul #aiag4 p4 #ajd4 ,note3 8out of the abundance of the heart that the mouth is sure to speak0 7cf4 ,matthew #ab3cd74 ,worship and ,service4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,western ,christian ,advocate4 ,vol4 #hb ,no4 #g4 ,cincinnati3 ,methodist ,book ,concern1 ,feb #af1 #aiaf4 p4 #aed4 ,the ,yielding of ,aaron4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn4 ,source3 ,the ,expositor4 ,jul #aibi4 p4 #aadj4 ,notes3 #a7 ,story of golden calf 7,exodus #cb71 #b7 ,isaiah beholding ,god 7,isaiah #f74 ,the ,yoke4 ,byline3 ,clarence ,e4 ,flynn1 ,indianapolis1 ,,in4 ,source3 ,the ,christian ,advocate4 ,vol4 #ij ,no4 #be4 ,new ,york3 ,methodist ,book ,concern1 ,jun #bd1 #aiae4 p4 #hec4 ,note3 ,jesus speaks of his yoke 7,matthew #aa3bi-cj74 ,,appendix #b3 ,,selected ,,quotes ,,and ,,zingers ,entries come from writings in this edition4 ,the categories are not mutually exclusive1 and intracategory entries are in no particular order4 ,arts ,the maker of fun whose humor was clean and genuine is a benefactor of his age1 not to say a minister of righteousness4 ,the hand of ,justice lays an unfading wreath of honor upon the grave of the man who has helped to keep the world glad4 ,he has planted roses where otherwise there would have been only thorns4 ,in all writing444two things are important4 ,one is to say the right thing4 ,the other is not to say the wrong one4 ,the opportunity of the writer is glorious and the peril is serious1 because men will become what they think1 and the world will conform to what they become4 ,thought life is fundamental4 ,in trying to make science read like a fairy tale1 one must not make a fairy tale of it4 444the message and not the form is the immortal part4---,after all1 it does not seem to be to the advantage of the poet to be abjectly the slave of his style4 ,attitude_/,behavior ,whoever has a cheerful disposition has that much of a start toward positive and complete goodness4 ,anyone can look happy when he is happy1 but only the unusual man can keep a merry countenance when hopes die1 ties are sundered1 dreams crash in shattered fragments1 and the rich promises of life prove to have been empty mirages of vain expectation4 ,the smile 8that cannot come off0 is the smile worth while4 ,a kindly tongue and a helping hand for all would soon garland the earth with sunshine and happiness4 ,a great nation or a great race is dependent upon the performance of great actions proceeding from great motives4 ,there is no getting further on the pathway to the higher life until one has first realized his own situation4 ,there is too little real conviction of sin in these days4 ,we need the mirror held before us4 ,it is easier to overcome others than to conquer oneself4---,yet there is no truer greatness than that which comes from self-mastery4 ,victory over material things is but a passing honor for the one who has failed to conquer himself4 ,is there any reason why men should not do right8 ,if duty were impossible1 all creation would be a mockery and a moral contradiction4 ,but1 though the facing of what may be imminent death requires great courage1 it requires greater courage on the part of a strong man to sit by the window for twelve years watching the rest of the world go by without being able to join in its activity4 ,the ideal victory is not that which is won because the contestant had everything in his favor4 ,it is rather the one which is gained in spite of the odds which the contestant had against him4 ,it is what men do that lives after them4 ,there is an earthly side to immortality4 ,the deeds done in the flesh make an epitaph which cannot deceive4 ,the will of man is not only his danger1 but it is also his hope4 ,the voice with which we cry into the past is echoless1 and ineffectual are the hands with which we beat against its closed portals4 ,very swiftly time flies by us1 but not so swiftly but that we can tinge it with the very color of our souls as it passes4 ,he shrank from high duty and responsibility1 as greatness usually does4 ,true worth is seldom a candidate4 ,in church and state alike1 things go better when the office seeks the man4 444,jesus saved by believing in sinners4---,the human heart shrivels under accusation4 ,it blossoms under the radiant influence of someone's confidence4 ,if they work on week days as they ought to work1 they will not be found complaining of too much rest on ,sunday4 ,the whole world has for a norm the attitude of the individual toward it4 ,one has but one chance at this life1 and he has a right to make that one effort the best possible4 ,the waste of any of a day's #bd hours is the same kind of a mistake as is the waste of money or property4---,the person who keeps any one else waiting for him is guilty of theft4 ,finding one's true place in the world is a serious matter4 ,find out what you are good for2 get ready to do that thing well2 then do it with all your might4 ,if the thing you are doing is worth while1 don't give it up4 ,the rewards of the game are won neither by the fine beginning nor the brilliant play1 but by the steady endurance which holds on to the last4 ,life is one great endurance test4 ,you will never have cause to complain of any day that has witnessed real progress4 ,whatever life's consequences be called1 it is not a penalty imposed1 but a result arrived at4 ,whoever succeeds must carry a cross of self-denial4 ,one has little ground for satisfaction over a mere random success4 ,it is real achievement that brings enduring satisfaction4 ,awareness_/,perspective_/,thought ,the best thing that can happen to the truth is that it be investigated4 ,the truth1 however1 is never reached by methods of prejudice or undue assumption4 ,it is approached by fair and honest habits of thought4 ,we need but to look at the facts4 ,one owes it to truth also to know the other side4 ,one must at least give others credit for having opinions4 ,listen to all1 and accept only that which seems to bear the test of truth4 ,stay with the right1 though all the rest of the world disagree with you4 ,if you find that your position was wrong1 forsake it immediately4 ,thinking is not always the order of the day1 however1 when either profit or appetite is involved4 ,it is a rather pitiful fact that it became necessary to have laws to do what the rational conscience had failed to do4 ,a certain advantage can be taken at a time when everyone is afraid of being misjudged4 ,like the undertaker's bill1 such things are often brought forward at a time when everyone feels that he must swallow the dose and ask no questions4 ,a wrong philosophy can lead a nation to its ruin within the space of a few generations4 ,a worthy one can as promptly and definitely determine a nation's progress and happiness4---,the thinkers of a nation sow the seeds4 ,the people sooner or later harvest the fruit4 ,the lack of idealism is the most expensive thing the people of any city can have on their hands4---,if you want thieves1 hoodlums1 and libertines1 create a low standard of ideals in the community1 and you will get them4 ,only the constructive thinker makes the great general1 the great leader1 or the great engineer4 ,it is the unnecessary that changes bare existence into throbbing and purposeful life4 ,we need to remember that it is the will uncompelled that tames the wilderness1 that it is the hand unconstrained that reclaims the desert1 and that it is the kindness born of spontaneous impulse which brings into life the uplifting and the helpful4 ,we do not get at the danger of any evil by comparing one evil with another4 ,the question for a vigorous ,nation in a trying time is not as to what is the harm in a thing but as to what is the good4 ,a thought or a feeling of aspiration1 however great or strong1 is not meant to be an end within itself4 ,it is a means to the end of its actual realization in action and accomplishment4 ,no less important than the things which we have been given are the things from which we have been saved4 ,great movements must always be fathered by self-sacrificing spirits before they are finally taken upon the hearts of the people4 ,there is only one way to change the past1 and that is to change it before it becomes the past4 ,make this day what you desire4444 ,it must dwell in your thoughts forever as a piercing thorn or a blooming flower4 ,your hand is on its gate for the last time4 444we must recognize the common human tendency to glorify the past to the disadvantage of the present4---,one may read something of this sort in the literature of ancient as well as modern ages4 ,yet the progress of the world has gone right on4 444the religious consciousness is best developed in the solitudes4 ,any reform is rapid when men once get to thinking4 ,the case is hopeless so long as apathy and lethargy prevail4 ,nothing is to be gained by compromising with the mind of the flesh1 which is death4 ,our place as a nation is largely the result of this union of hope and thing1 this combination of dream and realization1 this blending of the ideal and the practical4 ,man is he who thinks1 and the most successful man is he who thinks most promptly and accurately4 ,community_/,relationship ,we can never have a world that is anything more or less than it is made by the people who live in it4 ,one can do much more working for society than he can if he works only for himself4 ,neither the school nor the ,church is an orphans' home for the purpose of taking the responsibility of raising people's children from the shoulders of those to whom it belongs4 ,a righteous community1 state1 or nation is only a group of individuals wearing1 each for himself1 the clean1 white garments of right living4 ,each individual transgression writes itself into the world life4 ,freedom needs to recognize its own proper limits1 and it will do so in any properly organized social system4 ,a city is not made of streets1 but of those who walk on them2 not of stores1 but of those who trade in them2 not of machinery1 but of those who drive it2 not of houses1 but of those who live in them4 ,a city is its people4 ,it is exactly as good or bad1 as strong or weak1 as desirable or undesirable1 as enduring or temporary1 as are they4 ,with them it will go forward or backward1 be an object of admiration or contempt1 stand or fall1 live or die4 ,the life and destiny of a nation are largely determined by what it considers great4---,a nation made up of people who measure greatness by service will not be treading the path to national doom so long as this is true4 ,it will be moving forward in the way of a larger and richer life4 444we must not forget that the principle of democracy does not diminish the necessity for conviction and fidelity4 ,the disregard of obligation is not freedom4 ,the apostolic ,church was not a temple but a community4 ,it must be the same with the modern ,church4 ,only while the mind craves knowledge and the heart feels the throb of the social impulse does the eye remain undimmed and the natural force unabated4 ,as we once tried to have the ,holy ,spirit transform hearts1 and still must1 so too we must now endeavor to have the ,holy ,spirit cleanse and exalt social relationships4 ,friendship1 like everything else worth while1 is the reward of proper effort4 ,the most valuable friend is the friend who is one for friendship's sake alone4 ,one must live for more than self1 or he never lives at all4 ,the lily of life never comes to the fullness of its bloom until the heart has found someone to love1 to toil for1 to sacrifice for4 ,it has always taken the prophet and the toiler together to achieve human progress in the best sense4 ,no one else cares to help the person who tries to help no one but himself4 ,the world has its heroes1 but they are those whose chief concern has been for their people4 ,think of others sympathetically1 and give them credit for everything you can4 ,the ties that bind us to the hearts of others are the cables that help to drag us toward the dust or to lift us in the direction of the heights4 ,economics ,it is better1 even for nations1 to have less and have it honestly1 to possess less and live in a world safe for each generation and its posterity4 ,when the hearts of men are right1 our economic systems will also be right4 ,greater moderation in many things would leave us a healthier and happier race1 to say nothing of what it would do for our bank accounts4 ,certainly1 before buying a thing1 one should honestly ask himself whether he needs it4 ,he should1 likewise1 give himself an honest answer4 ,the poor we always have with us1 but many of them are with us unnecessarily4---,money is made to spend1 but the financially independent are those who have learned to spend it wisely4 ,the budget system is a desirable plan in the home of wealth2 it is a helpful thing in the home of moderate circumstances2 but it is a necessity in the home where takes place an occasional battle with want4 ,moreover1 the consumer has the last word in every argument4 ,he holds the purse-strings1 and when he is tired of talking1 he can stop buying4 ,it does not bode well when he conceives the feeling that undue difficulty attaches to trying to exist on the planet4 ,education ,the purpose of education is not to qualify one for getting through life on a minimum of toil4---,the test of learning is service4 ,as knowledge becomes a matter of action1 it becomes a matter of purpose1 ideal1 and character4 ,the years teach us that the only test of the correctness of any educational method is its result in terms of life4 ,the growing life most easily adapts itself to newly discovered fact4 ,one may take a vine and train it in any direction4 ,one may take a young life and make of it what he will4 ,a great many parents are wondering these days why their children did not grow up to be good4 ,a man's education can not be measured by what he has committed to memory1 but by what he has learned by heart4 ,education is no more what one knows than what he is4 ,the testimony of opinion is uncertain4 ,the testimony of experience is final and unanswerable4 ,arguments on the existence of love do not count with one who loves4 ,the thing experienced demands no proof by logical processes4 ,humanity ,humanity is the center of all creation1 and the proper object of all our striving4 ,humanity knows no dividing line1 and whoever lays them down will simply sow the seeds of sorrow and trouble4 ,despite all the cheap ways in which the world indulges1 its real hunger is for genuine worth1 unveneered culture1 real character4 ,when one has made a living1 he has not necessarily lived4---,earth and its physical necessities are only the stage and the setting for the drama4 ,the play itself lies beyond them and is separate from them4 ,the world is ready for anything that spells deliverance1 and nothing will deliver humanity save rightness of heart4 ,there is no place in the modern conception of government for any regime which does not strive to better the condition of the people within its scope of power4 ,in these times1 we see with increasing clearness that there is but one worthy conception of kingliness1 and that it is the kingliness of service4 ,the emphasis of ,jesus was upon the human being4 ,he held all men in much the same esteem1 for to ,him a human being was inherently worthy of respect and honor4 ,the human soul1 however1 was not made to perish4 ,it is a thing of universal interests and eternal possibilities4 ,it is life in its highest terms1 and it was life with which ,jesus was essentially concerned4 ,it is the glad service which lifts the world a little farther in its long1 hard climb4 ,the human struggle will always be in the direction of whatever is considered great4 ,we shall always struggle to become like that which we most admire4 ,therefore1 it is important that we shall most admire the thing that is best4 ,where humanity is regnant and ascendent everything else is certain to be at its best4 ,speech ,words slip back the shutters from the windows of the inner life4 ,the reason for a great deal of unjust and unkind comment is to be found in the proneness of man to condemn his brother most fiercely for that fault which lies most deeply imbedded in his own life4 ,a helpful word will echo where you little know1 and it will speak for you when your lips of clay can speak no more4 ,when mind reaches its limit it often abdicates in favor of temper4 ,argument exhausted1 the stores of abuse are open4 ,speak kindly of the friend who is away from you1 for unkind speech has yet to win its first victory for the speaker4 ,all keen observers of social and spiritual influences know that the prophet is one of the most potent factors in the building of our destiny1 both as a nation and as a race4 ,spiritual ,god1 the church1 and human hearts are all things our relationship to which should hush our souls4 ,let us not be victims of the idea that holiness excludes the sunshine4 ,the cardinal sins are less dangerous because we are more afraid of them4 ,those who fail to obtain life's intellectual and spiritual necessities pay the penalty by living cramped lives and usually dying with their deeper longings unsatisfied4 ,one cannot long conceal a lack of mind and soul with clothes and paint4---,the more flash and parade the ignorant indulge in1 the cheaper they look4 ,the deeper hunger is satisfied only with a world made beautiful with the things that were whispered only into the more sacred chambers of the heart of man--the beautiful and the unnecessary things4 ,the only happiness which has lasting quality comes from within4 ,no one can be happy long who is not happy in soul4 ,the person who treasures an unhappy spirit sins not only against himself and his fellow men1 but he also sins against the ,almighty4 ,the person who thinks religion must be sombre has misread his ,bible and misinterpreted his ,master4 ,it may be serious and earnest1 but never morose and gloomy4---,a despondent person is no ornament to religion4 ,it is the joy-lighted face which inspires and wins4 ,the people who are really living want a religion which is more than a fashion or a convenience4 ,it must include a working program which means something and is not too easy4 ,when we widen it1 plant primroses in it1 and take the stones out of it1 we no longer have a path of salvation4 ,then real followers of ,god no longer care to walk in it4 ,the nature of a man can be altered or reversed4---,it is the power of the will to resist or submit4 ,whoever is not physically equal to an hour or two in the sanctuary is hardly a fit candidate for the world's responsibilities4 ,the problems of the age are ethical and social4 ,fundamental to ethical and social problems are spiritual conditions4 ,the ,christian ,gospel is an ethical and social message based on spiritual principles4 ,the divine plan looks only to the constant narrowing of the chasm between man and ,god4 ,we all know perfectly well that life is not all that it ought to be without the presence of the ,personality which completes us4 ,the only argument against ,jesus ,christ is an unfaithful follower1 and that is refuted by a follower who is true4 ,there is no danger that ,jesus ,christ will ever be driven out4 ,if there is any danger for ,him today1 it is that ,he be crowded out4---,but many say1 8,i haven't time40 ,only one thing should lead one to dedicate his life to ,christian work4 ,it is the great compulsion4 ,one has it when he is conscious that he cannot do anything else and be quite content4 ,any great idea or interest1 however spiritual in its nature1 must be incarnated in an institution or it will die4---,an institution must make them visual1 real1 and effective4 ,such is the reason for the existence of the church4 ,the mission of the church is to make itself unnecessary4 ,it will be dispensable when all the world shall at last have conformed to the purposes of ,god4 ,jesus introduces a man and a truth to each other and sees that they become friends4 ,jesus will become the spiritual ruler of the hearts of men4 ,no power can go beyond that4 ,there is nothing in the purpose or the kingdom of ,god that needs fear the light i4e41 knowledge of the truth4 ,what will not stand the light is not of ,his designing4 ,the best that ,his gospel and ,his power can ask is to be investigated and tested4 ,the world has always had strange ways1 however1 of putting an indefinite construction upon the words of ,jesus4 444the wonder of them444their beauty444their truth4 ,they are not so many1 however1 who venture to take them for a life program4 ,we look at the earth and think of it as hiding those whom we have loved when we ought to look upward and think of them as in the keeping of another world4 ,we look backward and think of their lives as belonging to the past when we ought to look onward and think of them as belonging to the boundless future4 ,not all the places by which ,jesus's footprints lead may seem pleasant4---,a valley of pain matters much less1 however1 when a mountain of achievement lifts its head beyond4 ,a sunset would be a tragedy did one not know that the sun will rise again4 ,we cease to dread the twilight of life when we reflect that it is but the pathway to another dawn4 ,the path to heaven lies directly through the earth4---,this is a life of opportunity1 to be lived out with full appreciation and emphasis upon the sweetness and the worth-whileness of each day and hour4 ,real religion will strive to make it more and not less beautiful4 ,truth does not always follow the processes of formal logic4 ,the tests of faith are not to be found in the syllogism but in life's great laboratory4 444the object of religion is humanity4 ,for the good of men are all laws established1 all warnings issued1 and all promises given4 ,the achieving of the present and future salvation of people calls for the actual application of religious principles in everyday thinking and action4 ,it has not achieved its end until testimony to its power and blessing is borne by all social life and by every social institution4 ,it is nothing until it has come to be expressed in terms of life4 ,where such a social force is the cause of men doing that which they should not do1 we can best do the work of our ,lord by fighting the force and not the act4 ,we can not kill the dragon by cutting off the heads2 we must strike at the life-giving root of the evil4 ,humanity is restless4---,people seem to be afraid of themselves1 and hence the quiet chamber and closet of secret prayer is often unappreciated4---,we forget that great visions must be seen in solitude and then carried out among the crowd4 ,our lonely ,sinais must precede our deeds of leadership4 ,every ,calvary is preceded by its ,gethsemane1 and quietness and solitude are not to be despised4---,only small minds are always tossing upon a sea of restlessness4 ,great lives know how to be tranquil4 ,he who would die in the spirit of the cross must live there4 ,it is pitiable how often the offer of ,jesus's yoke is misconstrued as an attempt to increase the burden when it really amounts to an offer to help in carrying it4 ,christianity can afford to invite the pragmatic test1 for it is supremely a workable religion4 ,the best things never can be adequately appraised at the first glance4 ,they must be tried4 ,one is as old as the spirit within him4---,the date of one's birth may be misleading1 but the spirit of his soul never is4 ,we greatly need to understand that our meeting with ,god is not only a future but also a present event4---,he is the ,silent ,partner in all our upward struggles4 ,he is the ,inevitable ,factor with which we must reckon in all our considerations4 ,he is the ,absolute ,quantity to which we must relate ourselves1 and to whose standards we must conform4---,we are the children of ,one who takes into consideration but one tense4 ,his word is ,,now4 ,virtue ,it is the fact that love is so constituted that it finds joy in bearing burdens4 ,love is the sweetest and the costliest thing in the world4 ,it is the sweetest because it is the spirit and atmosphere of heaven4 ,it is the costliest because its arms are always aching for loads to carry4 ,when we fail in a righteous cause the labor has not necessarily been in vain4 ,one can never be robbed of the best fruit of his striving1 which is the added sinew of strength gained in the trying4 ,one of the strongest forces now making for a day of lasting peace is the beautiful suggestion that comes from the spirit of those who make it their aim to help while others destroy4 ,the hardy virtues that make good men are the foundation stones upon which any sound national life must be built4---,national life is1 therefore1 more largely dependent upon ,christian agencies than upon any other one influence4 ,responsibility is a wonderful tonic4 ,the ideal of ,jesus will remain unrealized until men have learned to accept his words at their face value1 and to act upon the assumption that they are true4 ,faith knows no other testimony so worthy as that of obedience4 ,laziness is often a harder taskmaster than industry1 and sin is always a harder taskmaster than righteousness4 ,the habit of being real deserves a place among the chiefest of all virtues4---,we can no more outgrow the necessity for truth and honor than we can outdistance that for plain living and high thinking4 ,the only proper standard is rightness4 ,it is a poor thing to be in fashion if the fashion is wrong4 444the man himself must not forget that what he can do and what he will do are entirely determined by what he is4---,one may stand upon artificial good behavior for an hour or a day1 but he cannot do it permanently without the staying force of a fixed principle4 ,it takes more than good resolutions to make an ethical life4