,transcrib]'s note3 ,?is article has be5 extract$ & prep>$ f ,! ,geographical ,j\rnal1 v4 #ef1 #aibj4 ,,! ,,exploration ,,( ,,tibe/i1 ,,erdi1 ,,bork\1 ,,& ,,enn$i ,,9 #aiab-aiag3 ,a ,mission entru/$ to ! ,au?or by ! ,fr5* ,in/itute ,lieut4-,colonel ,jean ,tilho1 ,gold ,m$alli/ ( ! ,r4,g4,s4 #aiai ,read at ! ,meet+ ( ! ,society1 #ai ,janu>y #aibj4 ,map foll[+ p4 #afj4 ,note3 ,! names 9 ! text are spell$ 9 accordance ) ! manuscript ( ,colonel ,tilho1 a few ( ! pr9cipal names--z ,*ad--9 _! ,engli% =m1 b ! great] numb] 9 ! ,fr5* translit]ation ( ,arabic4 ,on ! accompany+ map ! names are translit]at$ accord+ to ! ,g4,s4,g4,s4 rules = transpos+ f ! ,fr5* to ! ,briti% sy/em4 ,! ret5tion ( ! ,fr5* spell+ 9 ! text has ! d\ble advantage ( famili>iz+ ! /ud5t ) ! two sy/ems1 & ( pres]v+ 9 "s degree ! "* ( ! lecture1 :i* 0 deliv]$ 9 ,fr5*4--,,ed4 ,g4,j4 #a4 ,object ( ! ,mission4 ,,be=e ,i beg9 my lecture1 all[ me to express once m1 9 y\r pres5ce1 my he>tfelt gratitude to ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,royal ,geographical ,society = ! high recomp5se accord$ me on ! occasion ( my la/ j\rney 9 ,c5tral ,africa4 ,x is ( ?is j\rney1 its *ief incid5ts1 & mo/ important results1 t ,i am ab\t to h ! hon\r ( giv+ "s acc\nt4 ,let me fir/ ( all expla9 to y1 9 a few words1 :at1 f a geographical po9t ( view1 0 ! object ( my exp$ition4 ,explorations 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 made dur+ ! second half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury & 9 ! beg9n+ ( ! tw5tie?1 _h left unsolv$ a v int]e/+ problem3 x _h be5 notic$ t ! level ( va/ /ret*es ( des]t1 sev]al hundr$ miles nor?-ea/ ( ,lake ,*ad1 7 consid]ably l[] ?an t ( ! lake--! diff]5ce am\nt+ 9 "s places to #bfj feet2 besides ?is1 a wide cont9u\s tr5*1 (f]+ ! appe>ance ( an old valley--! ,bahr ,el ,ghazal--l$ f ! lake to ?is l[-ly+ gr\nd1 & seem$ to /ret* f> away to ! nor?-ea/1 betwe5 ! m\nta9 gr\ps ( ,tibe/i & ,enn$i4 ,on proce$+ t[>ds ! nor?-ea/1 an increas+ analogy is to be notic$ betwe5 ! malacological fauna ( ! ,*ad bas9 & t ( ! ,nile4 ,besides :i* !re _h be5 f\nd rec5tly1 9 ! wat]s ( ! ,*ad1 a %rimp till !n only f\nd 9 ! ,nile bas9--! ,palmon ,niloticus1 ,r\x4 ,9 %ort1 all ^! signs appe>$ to confirm ! supposition t ! bas9 ( ! ,*ad 0 n a clos$ bas91 b belong$ to t ( ! ,nile1 & 0 a =m] afflu5t ( ! old riv] on ^: banks _h sprung up & fl\ri%$ "o ( ! mo/ brilliant & anci5t civilizations ( ! _w4 ,?is 0 ! hypo!sis t ! ,fr5* ,in/itute wi%$ to h inve/igat$1 & 9 ! e>ly "p ( #aiab ,i _h ! hon\r to be *os5 to und]take ! necess>y rese>*es4 ,may ,i tell y h[ ! mission ?us entru/$ to me fulfill$ my de>e/ wi%8 ,f my e>ly y\? ,i _h felt myself irresi/ibly drawn t[>ds ,africa1 & ,i 0 fill$ ) a desire to take a mode/ %>e 9 ! discov]ies ( great explor]s1 ^: intrepid exp$itions _h reveal$ to ! civiliz$ _w "s "p ( ! my/]i\s & imm5se d>k cont95t4 ,y d\btless rememb] h[ vague1 "s ?irty ye>s ago1 0 our k ( t "p ( ! _w4 ,at t "t--:i* n[ seems s f> away ev5 = ^? !n liv+--,i _h = *apla9 at ! gramm>-s*ool a holy man :o 0 an ard5t patriot2 9 8 ,sunday s]mons he us$ to talk to u a little ( our duty to ,god1 & /ill m ( our duty to our humiliat$ c\ntry1 :i* 0 wait+ & m$itat+1 z x lab\r$1 on ! possible rep>ation ( ! iniquities ( #ahga4 ,8 voice1 sad at fir/ :ile he spoke ( our disa/]s & ! suff]+s ( our lo/ prov9ces1 soon grew eag] & ?rill$ z he %[$ u ! new way to be tak5 by *ildr51 z we !n 71 to raise ! pre/ige ( our flag3 he w\ld speak to u ( t my/]i\s ,africa1 half reveal$ by ,liv+/one1 ,/anley1 & ,savorgnan de ,brazza2 & ,i fancy1 aft] ^! ?irty ye>s1 ,i /ill he> ! s\nd ( ! "n ( ,savorgnan de ,brazza re-e*o+ ?r\gh our humble *apel & ?rill+ l a bugle-call4 ,!n1 ( an ev5+ 9 ! class-room1 ,i w\ld pond] ov] ! map ( ,africa1 :]e amid great blank spaces appe>$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! cont95t a few geographical features1 "o ( :i*1 col\r$ 9 blue1 ,lake ,*ad1 possess$ a s+ul> fasc9ation = me4 ,"s ye>s lat]1 on leav+ ,sa9t-,cyr1 ,i began to look =w>d to ! realiz+ ( my dream3 aft] a fir/ campaign 9 ,madagasc>1 ,i 0 s5t out to s]ve on ! banks ( ! ,nig] 9 #ahii2 & s9ce t date ea* successive campaign 9 ,africa all[$ me to pu% a little fur!r ea/w>ds1 & s get to "w on a fre% item ( ! programme ,i _h set myself to c>ry out3 to e/abli% an accurate geographical liaison betwe5 ! bas9s ( ! ,nig]1 ! ,*ad1 & ! ,nile1 & unite by a great transv]sal l9e ! extreme ends ( ! r\tes foll[$ by ,na*tigal to ,tibe/i1 ,bork\1 ,wadai & ,d> ,f\r4 ,9 #aiab ,i 0 ord]$ to take comm& ( ! prov9ce ( ,kanem = ! purpose ( prep>+ a project$ exp$ition aga9/ ,bork\1 :]e ! ,s5\ssi/s _h e/abli%$ _! *ief c5tre ( agitation & anti- ,fr5* propag&a1 & :5ce !y p]iodically s5t out plund]+ exp$itions1 :i* spread ru9 & desolation among ! peaceful tribes plac$ "u our protection4 ,ab\t ! same "t1 ! ,acadmie des ,inscriptions et ,belles-,lettres entru/$ me ) ! mission ,i m5tion$ above1 conc]n+ ! suppos$ connection betwe5 ! bas9s ( ! ,*ad & ( ! ,nile4 ,( ?is latt] exp$ition1 :i* la/$ five ye>s --#aiab-aiag--;,i n[ propose to give y a rsum4 #b4 ,f ,congo to ,bork\4 ,f ,congo to ,lake ,*ad4--,i d n ?9k !re w\ld be any real int]e/ 9 a detail$ acc\nt ( my j\rney to ,kanem2 ,i foll[$ a r\te pretty well kn[n1 ! ,congo-,ubangi-,%>i r\te4 ,we left ! /eam] at ,matadi1 at ! foot ( ! cat>acts1 & took ! ,belgian railway :i* leads to ,k9%assa on ,/anley ,pool1 at ! head ( ! cat>acts2 f !re1 aft] cross+ ! ,congo to l& at ,brazzaville1 we proce$$ on a riv]-/eam]1 fir/ up ! ,congo itself1 & !n up its tribut>y ! ,ubangi1 z f> z ,bangui4 ,f>!r up1 light] /eam]s enabl$ u to surm\nt ! rapids & rea* ,=t ,de ,possel1 a little po/ built on ! "r bank at ! po9t :]e ! ,ubangi *anges its c\rse4 ,f ,=t ,de ,possel we w5t by l& to ,=t ,crampel1 cov]+ ne>ly #afj miles ( ! zone :i* divides ! wat]s betwe5 ! bas9s ( ! ,congo & ! ,*ad4 ,a f9e road = motor-c>s 0 be+ complet$ :5 ,i pass$1 b ! only means ( transport 0 c>ri]s on foot4 ,at ,=t ,crampel we emb>k$ 9 small boats & desc5d$ ! ,grib+ui till x falls into ! ,bahr-,s>a1 tak+ f>!r d[n ! "n ( ,%>i2 f !nce we proce$$ on a riv]-/eam] up ! ,%>i till we rea*$ ! ,*ad1 & cross$ ov] to ! po/ ( ,bol1 on ! nor!rn %ore ( ! lake2 & f9ally1 9 f\r m /ages1 we rea*$ by l& ! t[n ( ,mao1 ! milit>y & political c5tre ( ,kanem4 ,?is j\rney1 :i* takes ab\t twelve or f\rte5 weeks1 accord+ to ! season1 is v int]e/+ = travell]s1 & especially = sportsm51 :o f9d opportunity = ex]cis+ _! skill on game ( all sizes1 f ! elephant & ! lion to ! mode/ gu9ea-f[l4 ,i may m5tion t :5 ,i pass$ by ! banks ( ! ,%>i1 ! remembrance ( ! excit+ hunts ( ! celebrat$ aviator ,la?am1 kill$ by a buffalo1 0 /ill fre% 9 e "o's m9d2 b does any "o rememb] ,la?am n[8 ,we %\ld notice t ?is l9e is /ill f> f com=table1 & t ! ev]-pres5t dang] ( cat*+ ! sleep+ sickness ?r\gh ! myriads ( gloss9a-flies t may /+ ! travell]1 spoils all ! pleasure "o w\ld feel 9 behold+ ! spl5did l&scapes ( tropical riv]s fl[+ b5ea? ! %ady ar*es ( ! quiet =e/s4 ,a ,ye> 9 ,kanem 7#aiab-aiac74--;,i w pass briefly ov] ! twelve mon?s' p]iod ( my comm& 9 ,kanem & ! neighb\r+ di/ricts4 ,my daily task--milit>y1 political1 adm9i/rative1 & judicial z well--0 su* t ! days seem$ too %ort = ! bus9ess to be done4 ,x mu/ be said inde$ t ! ,kanembus1 ! ,budumas1 ! ,t\b\s1 & ! ,arabs ( ?is region may be reckon$ among ! mo/ qu>relsome & litigi\s p "o c imag9e4 ,b ! great matt] 0 to be in=m$ 9 "t ( ! ,s5\ssi/ raids1 & :5 t c\ld n be done1 to discov] & cut (f _! retreat t[>ds _! di/ant haunts2 b we _h to d ) old /ag]s ( ! ,sah>a1 :o knew admirably well to wait = ! "r mom5t1 & beat a rapid retreat ) _! booty once ! ?+ 0 done4 ,ano!r important matt] 0 ! mat]ial prep>ation = ! exp$ition plann$ aga9/ ,bork\ & ,tibe/i1 :]e ! ,s5\ssi/s assembl$ _! b&s ( brig&s1 & :]e !y conceal$ _! booty3 camels1 horses1 cattle1 &1 above all1 wom5 & *ildr51 c>ri$ (f into slav]y4 ,! secrecy ( ?is exp$ition 0 ensur$ ?r\gh ! simple fact t our enemies' spies _h s (t5 ann\nc$ ! =mation & imm95t sett+ out ( a punitive column1 z to r5d] ! ,bork\ g5tlem5 q incr$ul\s ( its possibility2 !y 7 />tl$1 h[ev]1 :5 9 ,july ,i l$ a reconnoitr+ p>ty to ! extreme limits ( our fronti]1 b z ,i retrac$ my /eps )\t go+ beyond ?is l9e1 !y 7 confirm$ 9 _! op9ion t we %\ld n d>e to attack _! =tress ( ,a9 ,galakka1 & !y recomm5c$ m boldly ?an ev] _! incursions & plund]+s among our villages & our tribes4 ,= ?is reason1 :51 9 ! e>ly ,novemb] ( #aiab1 ,colonel ,l>geau came & assum$ ! comm& ( an exp$ition>y column1 our dep>ture = ! nor?-ea/ 0 n consid]$ by ! ,s5\ssi/s ( ,bork\ z m ?reat5+ to !m ?an any reconnoitr+ p>ty ( ! prec$+ mon?s _h prov$ to be4 #c4 ,9 ,bork\4 ,! ,conque/ ( ,bork\4--,our exp$ition consi/$ ( #djj black soldi]s1 ) two m\nta9-guns2 ab\t #bjj ,arab & ,t\b\ volunte]s1 =m+ a 8g\m0 or p>ty ( sc\ts1 accompani$ ! column4 ,we c>ri$ ) u provisions = =ty days1 & ! total numb] ( our camels 0 ab\t #bjjj4 ,by a r extraord9>y piece ( good luck1 our =w>d m>* 0 n di/urb$ by ! enemy4 ,! season 0 fav\rable1 ! days n be+ ov]-hot1 & ! nights fairly cool2 ! usual temp]ature at sunrise 0 ab\t #fj ,fahr41 b a v /rong w9d1 bl[+ f ! nor?-ea/ & rais+ bl9d+ cl\ds ( s&1 made x seem a great deal cold]4 ,our m>* 0 skilfully conceal$ z f> z ,k\r\adi1 a po9t f :i* we c\ld ?reat5 ! =tress ( ,a9 ,galakka z easily z t ( ,faya4 ,!re1 aft] all[+ ! troops a day = re/ & f9al prep>ation1 x 0 decid$ to /rike a decisive bl[ at ,a9 ,galakka1 ! pr9cipal c5tre ( ! ,s5\ssi/ =ces4 ,our column1 leav+ its convoy a doz5 kilometres 9 ! re>1 "u a gu>d ( fifty m51 appe>$ be=e ,a9 ,galakka on ! morn+ ( #bg ,novemb] #aiac2 ! enemy 7 completely surpris$4 ,! attack began by a bomb>dm5t ( no m ?an ab\t a hundr$ %ells1 :i* did great damage inside ! zawia1 & made 9 ! out] wall _m a brea* = ! infantry to pass ?r\gh4 ,! assault 0 op5$ at t5 o'clock2 ! def5d]s1 ?\gh n num]\s1 (f]$ a vigor\s resi/ance1 pref]r+ to die r ?an surr5d]2 by mid-day ! entire =tress 0 9 our h&s4 ,we _h ab\t =ty casualties1 ( :i* a ?ird 7 kill$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,column ,,halt$ ,,at ,,! ,,wells ,,( ,,k\r\adi1 ,,bork\ ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,=t ,,( ,,b]ri]-,,fonta9e1 ,,oasis ,,( ,,faya ,illu/ration3 ,,rocky ,,c\ntry ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,oases ,,( ,,y>da ,,& ,b,,d1 ,,bork\ ,illu/ration3 ,,dance ,,( ,,! ,,nakazzas1 ,,oasis ,,( ,,faya1 ,,bork\ ,leav+ our w\nd$ 9 ,a9 ,galakka ) a small g>rison1 we m>*$ on ! zawia ( ,faya1 :i* we ent]$ )\t /rik+ a bl[ on ,decemb] #a4 ,!nce proce$+ /ill f>!r into ! des]t1 we rea*$ 9 a week's "t ,g\ro1 a po9t #bjj kilometres nor?1 ! religi\s & political c5tre ( ! ,s5\ssi/s 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 :i* 0 seiz$ aft] a %ort /ruggle4 ,!n1 cont9u+ its successful m>* t[>ds ! ea/1 ! column took possession unoppos$ ( ! oasis ( ,ounianga1 #fj miles f ,g\ro1 & leav+ a small g>rison !re we return$ to ,faya1 ! be/ place to be *os5 = ! milit>y & political c5tre ( ! newly conqu]$ t]ritory4 ,importance ( ! ,conque/ ( ,bork\4--,?is labori\s campaign _h ! v important result ( depriv+ ! ,s5\ssi/s ( ! valuable tte de pont on ! s\? side ( ! ,sah>a :i* ,bork\ con/itut$ = !m1 enabl+ !m to di/ribute ov] ,c5tral ,africa arms1 ammunition1 & propag&i/s ( ! holy w>4 ,! great value ( our conque/ appe>$ pla9ly a few mon?s lat]1 :5 ! ,g]man ,emp]or let loose on ! _w ! mo/ awful w> t ev] convuls$ ! ,univ]se3 a ,g]mano-,turki% mission1 head$ by ,nuri ,bey1 a bro!r ( ,env] ,pa%a1 ! ,turki% ,m9i/] ( ,w>1 l&$ 9 ,cyr5aica = ! purpose ( organiz+1 ) ! help ( ! ,s5\ssi/s1 an outbreak 9 ,c5tral ,africa aga9/ ! protectorates ( ,france & ,great ,brita94 ,?is w\ld h be5 an easy matt] if our enemies _h be5 able to e/abli% _! headqu>t]s 9 ,bork\1 = !y w\ld !n h be5 only a few hundr$ miles f ,g]man ,born\ on "o side1 & on ano!r f ,d> ,f\r & ,d> ,sula1 :i* %[$ a c]ta9 ho/ility t[>ds u4 ,!re is no d\bt t1 9 ?is case1 ! ,anglo-,fr5* campaign 9 ! ,cam]oons w\ld h be5 conduct$ 9 v diff]5t circum/ances2 :5 we take into consid]ation ! l>ge /ock ( arms & ammunition prep>$ by ! ,g]mans 9 _! colony1 & ! c>e !y _h tak5 to =tify ! m\nta9 ( ,mora1 we may suppose t ! ,g]man /aff _h hop$ to e/abli% by ma9 =ce a cont95tal junction betwe5 ! ,cam]oons & ,turkey1 ?r\gh ,kanem1 ,bork\1 & ,libya1 9 case ( ! communication by sea be+ cut (f4 ,& ,i d n ?9k ,i %all betray any ,/ate secret by in=m+ y t ! ,*ad t]ritory1 ) its mode/ res\rces 9 m5 & ammunition1 w\ld h be5 v difficult to def5d ) any *ance ( success aga9/ su* an attack4 ,i may also add t1 _h ! ,turco-,g]mans be5 able to accompli% _! design1 ! result w\ld h be5 exce$+ly p]il\s = ,franco-,briti% rule ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,d>k ,africa4 ,by unit+1 "u my comm&1 our fronti] t]ritories ( ! ,libyan des]t1 ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t's aim 0 to con/itute a =ce able to resi/ any attempts t might be made to retake f u ! excell5t base ( op]ations t ,bork\ af=d$4 ,f\r ,ye>s 9 ,bork\ 7#aiac-aiag74--;,i d n ?9k x w\ld be ( any great int]e/ to l5g!n ?is geographical lecture by expla9+ to y ! difficulties ( e k9d t ,i 0 oblig$ to ov]come dur+ ab\t f\r consecutive ye>s1 9 ord] to fulfil ! milit>y task allott$ to me4 ,z ,bork\ produces little else b dates1 & ,enn$i sc>cely any?+ at all1 ,i 0 compell$ to procure f ,kanem & f ,wada ! corn1 meat1 & o!r food-/uffs necess>y = ! ma9t5ance ( my civil & milit>y subord9ates4 ,n[1 ! organiz+ ( ! commiss>iat transport became m & m difficult e six mon?s2 ! want ( pa/ure along ! roads we _h to take1 ! incessant raids ( ! nomads & ! c\nt]-raids ( my troops1 caus$ irrep>able losses among our camels4 ,f ! end ( #aiac to ! fir/ mon?s ( #aiag1 ! activity ( ! rebels 0 s great1 ow+ to ! in/igation ( ! ,turco-,s5\ssi/s1 t my troops c\ld get no re/4 ,a ,bird's-eye ,view ( ! ,c\ntry4--,:5 on leav+ ! %ores ( ,lake ,*ad we proce$$ t[>ds ! nor?-ea/1 we fir/ ent]$ into a s&y region1 ) p>allel valleys runn+ betwe5 grassy d[ns t rose to a height ( n m ?an #cjj feet3 ?is 0 ,kanem1 ! c\ntry ( corn & cattle1 :]e subt]ranean wat] ab\nds & :]e x is easy to live4 ,aft] m>*+ = ab\t #ajj miles1 we left ?is f]tile c\ntry & dropp$ q sudd5ly into ! des]t itself1 ) its dull1 empty1 vague horizons1 s monoton\s t ! slighte/ details int]e/$ u1 su* z a l9e ( /ones on ! s&1 ! sight ( a cresc5t ( s&- dunes1 or a poor1 solit>y1 half-dead %rub2 also our pass+ ?r\gh a meagre pa/urage ( du/y _h 0 q an ev5t1 or ! discov]y 9 ! di/ance ( a few gre5 bu%es ( siwak1 till we rea*$ ! wells1 :]e we 7 to re/ all day long1 to lead ! camels to dr9k1 & r5ew our own provision ( wat]1 :i* 0 (t5 bracki% & evil- smell+4 ,?is 0 ! deceptive des]t ( ! ,l[l&s ( ! ,*ad1 ! region ,i m5tion$ above z be+ l[] 9 level ?an ,lake ,*ad itself4 ,aft] a fur!r m>* ( ab\t #bej miles we ent]$ ! c\ntry ( rocks2 at fir/ sc>cely visible above ! s&s1 !y soon rose 9 %>p peaks t look$ l m$ival ru9s1 & !n %ot up into long /eep cliffs bord]+ rugg$ plateaux1 t =m$ l$ges "o above ! o!r to ! foot ( ! m\nta9s3 ?is 0 ! region ( ,bork\1 ,tibe/i1 & ,enn$i1 ! v he>t ( ! des]t1 situat$ at almo/ ! same di/ance f ! %ores ( ,lake ,*ad1 ! ,nile1 & ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,?is rocky belt =ms1 f ! ,tripolita9 to ,d> ,f\r1 a long brok5 wall1 encircl+ on ! nor?-ea/ ! bas9 ( ! ,*ad1 :i* x divides f ! dismal & unexplor$ wa/e ( ! ,lybian ,des]t4 ,tibe/i & ,enn$i =m ! highe/ & almo/ inaccessible p>ts ( ?is region1 :ile ano!r "p1 ,bork\1 consi/s ( a wide depression betwe5 ! bas9s ( ! ,*ad & ( ! ,nile4 #d4 ,! ,oasis ( ,bork\4 ,faya4--,! zawia ( ,faya _h be5 *os5 z ! milit>y & adm9i/rative c5tre ( ,fr5* ,bork\1 9 pref]5ce to ^? ( ! ,s5\ssi/s 7,a9 ,galakka & ,g\ro71 because x (f]s ! lea/ unfav\rable l9es ( communication ) ! g>risons ( ,g\ro1 ,fada1 & ,ounianga1 & ! be/ position = jo9+ ,bork\ by wireless telegraphy to ! ne>e/ po/ ( ! ,*ad t]ritory1 #cej miles to ! s\?4 ,! huts ( ! ,s5\ssi/ zawia %elt]$ u f ! sun & ! s&-/orms1 b !y 7 9 su* a /ate ( ru9 & decay t we 7 oblig$ to beg9 at once & make bricks--unbak$1 ( c\rse4 ,unluckily1 = con/ruct+ our build+s we 7 oblig$ to dep5d on ! "w ( ! few black soldi]s :o 7 n employ$ 9 ext]ior op]ations2 s t _m mon?s elaps$ be=e we c\ld build a suffici5t numb] ( habitable h\ses1 & complete ! deta*$ works ( our def5sive arrangem5ts1 includ+ ?ree r[s ( rope network1 suppos$ to be b>b$1 by means ( ! addition ( long ?orns f ! date-trees4 ,! l&scape f ! summit ( ! squ>e donjon :i* ov]topp$ ! =t1 ?\gh want+ 9 *>m & beauty1 0 n )\t a /yle ( its own2 ! po/ 0 built 9 ! middle ( a broad valley1 clos$ 9 on ! ea/1 b op5+ spaci\sly t[>ds ! we/2 its rugg$1 /eep1 rocky sides plung+ into %ift+ s&s & w9d-swept dunes1 ea* dune curv$ into ! =m ( a cresc5t4 ,at ! foot ( ! =t ! axis ( ! valley 0 del9eat$ by f9e r[s ( date-be>+ palms1 ab\t #ejj y>ds wide by #bj1jjj long1 brok5 at int]vals by heaps ( mov+ dunes4 ,on ei!r side ( ! palm-grove !re /ret*$ gre5 mead[s1 :i* look$ z ?\gh !y w\ld af=d f9e pa/urage = cattle1 b :i* 9 reality 7 cov]$ ) %>p1 h>d grasses & h]bs ( no nutritive value3 ! mo/ *>act]i/ic & ! lea/ bad 0 akul1 a regul> little bu% ( %>p ?orns1 :i* ! camels w\ld eat1 b n )\t mak+ a funny grimace at e m\?ful4 ,all along ! valley !re lies a %eet ( subt]ranean wat]1 :i* rises 9 "s places s ne> to ! surface t ! gazelles & jackals easily slake _! ?ir/ by scrap+ away ) _! feet a few in*es ( ! soil2 "h & !re1 inde$1 a little /ream ( wat] fl[s out ( ! s&1 & runs a few y>ds t[>ds a neighb\r+ depression1 & little pools are =m$ 9 natural or artificial holl[s made 9 ! soil4 ,^! jackals & gazelles are ! only wild animals f\nd 9 ,bork\2 ! latt] are q unapproa*able by hunt]s1 :ile ! =m] rema9 hidd5 9 ! daytime1 b come 9 b&s at night1 yelp+ r\nd ! villages1 & p5etrate boldly into inhabit$ enclosures to seek _! prey4 ,s cunn+ are !y t !y avoid ! mo/ +5i\s traps ! natives c set4 ,! lion1 ! pan!r1 ! hy5a1 & ! wild bo> nev] pass beyond ! des]t b\nd>ies ( ,kanem & ,wada2 ev5 ! antelope & ! o/ri*1 ?\gh be>+ ?ir/ s well1 _c v5ture s f> into ! ,sah>a4 ,! w+$ dome/ic tribe is se5 among ! villages 9 ! %ape ( r>e squads ( lean f[ls2 & flights ( turtl$oves & pigeons roo/ 9 ! palm trees4 ,a graceful species ( sp>r[1 ) black plumage & :ite tails1 fly 9 & out ( ! rocks1 & ev5 come into our clayh\ses2 !y s+ l night+ales :5 build+ _! ne/s1 & *irp l sp>r[s :ile !y wat* _! "y beg9n+ to fly4 ,all r\nd ! inhabit$ h\ses ! black cr[s may be he>d croak+3 !y are extremely audaci\s1 :e!r attempt+ to snat* pieces ( meat roa/+ be=e a kit*5 fire1 or settl+ on ! back ( a w\nd$ camel & te>+ (f ) _! beaks morsels ( ble$+ fle%4 ,snakes are fairly common1 ! l>ge/ be+ h>dly m ?an a y>d 9 l5g? & "o or two in*es ?ick2 ! mo/ dang]\s is ! %ort bulky vip] t lies hidd5 9 clumps ( grass1 & ^: bite is fatal ev5 to camels4 ,scorpions ab\nd1 g5]ally ( a gre5i% hue1 sometimes black2 _! /+ is v pa9ful1 & may be ev5tually mortal to wom5 & *ildr54 ,amid/ ! rocks "o may f9d a curi\s eatable liz>d1 ! 8dund\02 x is in(f5sive1 b :5 x does bite1 x bites s fi]cely t ! only way ( mak+ x let g is to p9* its tail %>ply1 ei!r ) p9c]s or ) "o's tee?4 ,!re are v few dome/ic animals save ! ass & ! goat2 b small h]ds ( ox5 manage to cross ! des]t f ,novemb] to ,febru>y1 :5 cool days1 pools rema9+ f ! ra9y season1 & ! scanty pa/urages ( grasses produc$ "h & !re by ! few summ] %[]s all[ !m to pursue _! m>* by %ort /ages4 ,:]e ! animal k+dom exhibits its greate/ vitality1 h[ev]1 is 9 ! insect _w3 ! common fly1 dirty & worry+1 rules despotically by day1 toge!r ) gad-flies & big /++ flies ( a pretty gre5i% hue4 ,at nightfall1 ! v "t :5 "o might enjoy a little re/ on ! t]race ( ! h\ses1 mo?s1 coleopt]s1 locu/s1 dragonflies1 & bugs become v lively1 & :irl madly r\nd ! table :]e a light is %9+1 s t x is f> pref]able to d9e light$ only by ! moon & ! />s4 ,:5 !re is no w9d at night !re are sw>ms ( mosquitoes1 & also ( a k9d ( little s&-fly t pass betwe5 ! me%es ( ! be/ mosquito-nets4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s&/one ,,rocks ,,ne> ,,orori1 ,,bork\ ,illu/ration3 ,,rock ,,draw+s1 ,,oasis ,,( ,,y>da1 ,,bork\ ,illu/ration3 ,,s&/one ,,rocks ,,attack$ ,,by ,,mov+ ,,dunes1 ,,oasis ,,( ,,y>da1 ,,bork\ ,cultivation4--,! soil inde$ is n v f]tile1 :i* is ! rev]se ( ! acc\nt giv5 ( mo/ oases 9 ! nor? ( ! ,sah>a4 ,x is especially fav\rable to ! cultivation ( ! date-be>+ palm1 :i* loves to h its foot 9 ! wat] & its summit 9 ! burn+ sun1 b does n /& ra9 well4 ,! fir/ dates rip5 9 ! mon? ( ,may1 :ile ! late/ are ga!r$ 9 ,septemb]2 !y v>y 9 size1 & are d>k or light 9 col\r accord+ to _! v>iety1 b ne>ly all are ( a v good quality1 z sweet & fle%y z "o c\ld wi%4 ,! great] "p ( ! crop is put to dry1 :ile ! mo/ lusci\s are ga!r$ into heaps & press$ into goatsk9s1 to be c>ri$ to ,wadai & ,kanem & o!r places f>!r (f4 ,aft] ! date-ga!r+ ! natives prep>e _! g>d5s = ! s[+ ( corn1 :i* takes place 9 ,novemb] & ,decemb]4 ,! gr\nd is arrang$ 9 small squ>es1 +5i\sly adapt$ = irrigation2 b ! produce is meagre ow+ to ! want ( manure2 ?is is rem$i$1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 by an addition ( virg9 soil1 conta9+ m or less soda1 :i* is fet*$ f "s di/ance on donkey-back4 ,! g>d5s are int]sect$ ) long p>allel h$ges1 :i* %elt] ! e>s f ! )]+ viol5ce ( ! nor?-ea/ w9d4 ,! h>ve/ is ga!r$ 9 t[>ds ! end ( ,m>*1 & a %ort "t lat] ! gr\nd is prep>$ = ! s[+ ( millet1 :i* yields a /ill small] crop ?an ! corn4 ,:5 we add t 9 "s g>d5s !re gr[ a few onions & tomatoes1 z well z a k9d ( sp9a*1 sc>cely appreciat$ any:]e b 9 ,bork\1 we %all h enum]at$ ne>ly all ! available food-/uffs ( ! oases4 ,i mu/ n =get to m5tion t ! ,s5\ssi/s _h succe$$ 9 import+ to ,g\ro & ,faya "s fig-trees & a few v9es2 & on our side we manag$ to acclimatize ! sweet potato1 a preci\s res\rce :i* came f ,kanem4 ,we 7 less =tunate 9 our repeat$ attempts to acclimatize ,fr5* vegetables1 :i* succe$ s well 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,lake ,*ad dur+ ! cool season2 ! pov]ty ( ! soil1 ! want ( manure1 ! extreme dryness ( ! nor?-ea/ w9d1 ! voracity ( ! gras%opp]s & o!r de/ructive insects1 7 no d\bt ! causes ( our lam5table failure z agriculturi/s4 ,w9ds & ,ra94--,9 ! he>t ( ! ,sah>a1 :]e ra9 is s r>e a meteorological ph5om5on1 ! w9d is ! high arbit] ( ea* day's wea!r4 ,! wea!r is f9e :5 ! w9d is light1 & bad :5 x is /rong2 9 ! latt] case no?+ is to be se5 b :irl+ columns ( s&1 rais$ by ! nor?-ea/ w9d1 bl[+ 9 /ormy gu/s & cov]+ ! :ole l&scape ) a ?ick dry mi/ ( br[ni% du/ t p5etrates ev]y:]e & is v pa9ful to ! eyes1 s t "o does well on su* occasions to we> motor-goggles to avoid oph?almia4 ,^! nor?-ea/ w9ds bl[ m or less viol5tly = a great "p ( ! ye>1 sometimes = a few h\rs only ea* morn+1 sometimes = :ole days & nights4 ,i may say t we 7 able to note a fair correlation betwe5 ! oscillations ( ! curves ( ! regi/]+ b>omet] & !rmomet] & ! =ce & duration ( ^! w9ds2 !y usually co9cide ) l[ temp]atures & high atmosph]ic pressure1 :ile ! light w9ds or ! dead calm accompany l[ pressure & high temp]atures4 ,tak+ z a basis ! in=mation furni%$ by ! natives1 borne out by our f\r ye>s ( regul> obs]vations1 x may be said t1 z a g5]al rule1 ! nor?-ea/ w9d reigns supreme ov] ,bork\ & ! neighb\r+ di/ricts f ,octob] to ,may or ,june 7t is to say1 f ab\t ! autumnal equ9ox to ! summ] sol/ice72 :]eas 9 ,july1 ,augu/1 & ,septemb] /ill wea!r prevails1 alt]nat+ ) g5tle we/-s\?-we/]ly w9ds4 ,x is ^! latt] w9ds t br+ ) !m f ! ,atlantic :at little moi/ure nature measures out ea* ye> s p>simoni\sly to ^! dri$-up l&s4 ,!n ! sky cl\ds ov] almo/ e aft]noon1 b "o's hope ( refre%+ %[]s is va92 ! heat ?r[n up f ! scor*$ gr\nd1 & ! rapidly ris+ temp]ature ?r\gh :i* ! ra9drops fall t[>ds ! e>? 7a rise ( ab\t #c ,fahr4 p] #ajjj feet71 are en\gh to br+ ab\t _! m or less complete evaporation be=e !y rea* ! gr\nd1 & "o sees long fray$ /reaks ( grey cl\d trail+ almo/ along ! gr\nd1 l unravell$ ske9s ( wool1 f :i* a few r>e drops fall on ! ?ir/y e>?4 ,:5 we took possession ( ,bork\ ! inhabitants assur$ u ) "o voice t x _h n ra9$ 9 _! c\ntry = elev5 ye>s1 ?us putt+ back ! date ( ! la/ ra9 to ! ye> #aijb2 by a curi\s *ance our entry into ,faya 7on #a ,decemb] #aiac7 0 greet$ by a little %[] ( utt]ly unlook$-= ra94 ,! inhabitants saw 9 ?is d[nfall 7unusual n only = t region1 b = t season ( ! ye>7 a happy om5 = ! ra9y season ( #aiad1 an om5 :i* 0 realiz$1 = 9 ! mon? ( ,augu/ #aiad we _h ! satisfaction ( regi/]+ ab\t #ij mm4 ( ra9 at ,faya4 ,9 #aiae ! ra9fall 0 h>dly wor? m5tion+1 & 9 #aiaf ab\t #ce mm4 ,?\gh ,bork\ is m ?an #cjj miles s\? ( ! ,tropic ( ,canc]1 & v l[-ly+ 7#fej feet above sea-level71 ! heat is really excessive only = six or sev5 mon?s ( ! ye>1 f mid-,m>* to mid-,octob]4 ,dur+ our obs]vations1 ext5d+ ov] ?ree ye>s1 ! maxima regi/]$ 9 ! hot season nev] exce$$ #aag ,fahr41 b temp]atures ( #aaj to #aae 7 frequ5t4 ,dur+ ! cool season1 f ,decemb] to ,febru>y1 ! m9ima sometimes fall bel[ #ej ,fahr4 )\t ev] gett+ d[n to freez+-po9t4 ,! dryness ( ! air is v noticeable f ,novemb] to ,june1 :5 a diff]5ce ( m ?an two to "o may regul>ly be obs]v$ betwe5 ! simultane\s indications ( ! dry & wet !rmomet]s3 = in/ance1 :5 ! =m] /&s at #dd ,c4 ! second (t5 reads less ?an #bj4 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 ,augu/ & ,septemb]1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! w9ds bl[+ f ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 ! air becomes v damp & ! heat gr[s /ifl+4 ,9 spite ( its excessive heat1 ! climate ( ,bork\ is comp>atively heal?y2 v relax+ dur+ ! hot & damp season1 x is extremely pleasant 9 ! mon?s correspond+ to our autumn & w9t]4 ,dur+ my /ay1 la/+ f #aiac to #aiag1 none ( my ,european fell[-work]s _h any s]i\s illness1 & my black troops1 ?\gh kept h>d at "w 9 ! %ape ( ardu\s reconnoitr+ & escort duty1 & ) b>ely en\gh to eat1 %[$ a p]c5tage ( sickness & dea?s bel[ ! av]age ( ! o!r g>risons ?r\gh\t ! ,*ad ,t]ritory4 ,population & ,comm]ce4--,! population ( ,bork\ consi/s ( nomads1 ! ,t$as & ! ,nakazzas--! great nobles ( ! des]t--& ( a s$5t>y tribe1 ! ,dozzas1 :o are only half noble1 = want ( ! few camels ^: possession w\ld enable !m to take a %>e 9 ! pr(itable plund]+ raids 9 ! des]t4 ,!re is also a ?ird category ( inhabitants1 ! ,kamajas1 half s]fs1 half slaves1 ^: duty x is to att5d to ! g>d5s & ! plantations ( palms1 & :o are pr(\ndly despis$ by ! o!r two categories4 ,! total population ( ,bork\ w\ld n appe> to exce$ "s t5 ?\s& s\ls1 di/ribut$ among a score ( m or less fl\ri%+ palm plantations4 ,! comm]cial activity ( ! oases ( ,bork\ is f> f negligible2 !y export t[>ds ! s\? salt1 soda1 & dates1 & receive 9 ex*ange c]eals1 butt]1 cattle1 & smoke-dri$ meat4 ,c>avans ( two hundr$ camels may (t5 be se5 com+ to load up ) salt at ! ,ar\elli salt-pits ne> ,ounianga2 & ,arab c>avans pass by on ! way f ,cyr5aica1 by ,k\fra & ,s>ra wells1 import+ to ,wadai /uffs1 sug>1 c(fee1 tea1 m]c]y1 & 79 "t pa/7 arms & ammunition2 & export+ pr9cipally millet1 butt]1 smok$ meat1 hides raw or tann$1 o/ri* fea!rs1 elephants' tusks1 & s =?4 ,! slave-trade1 =m]ly c>ri$ on ?r\gh ,bork\ betwe5 ,wadai & ,cyr5aica on a great scale1 has almo/ entirely ceas$ s9ce we took possession ( ! c\ntry4 #e4 ,exploration ( ! ,we/]n ,bord]s ( ! ,libyan ,des]t3 ,ounianga- ,erdi ,aft] draw+ up ! map ( ! we/]n "p ( ,bork\1 subsequ5t to my reconnaissance 9 ,m>* & ,april ( ! v>i\s oases t succe$ "o ano!r betwe5 ,faya & ,a9 ,galakka on ! s\? & ,g\ro on ! nor?1 ,i devot$ ! la/ qu>t] ( #aiad to an exploration ( ! unkn[n regions situat$ fur!r ea/4 ,ov] & above _! geographical int]e/1 ! said regions 7 ( great milit>y importance4 ,my object 01 9 fact1 to asc]ta9 :e!r a c\nt]-attack by ! ,s5\ssi/s1 />t+ f ,k\fra & cross+ ! ,libyan des]t1 c\ld easily hope to escape ! vigilance ( our camel-corps patrols & fall on ! remot] bord]s ( ,bork\ & ,enn$i4 ,f ,faya to ,ounianga4--,) ?is int5tion ,i left ! oasis ( ,faya on #a ,octob] #aiad1 at ! head ( a small escort1 tak+ ) me only "s ?irty lean camels tir$ & mangy1 only capable ( %ort /ages & ( c>ry+ light loads4 ,! result 0 t ,i sp5t n9e days 9 cov]+ ! #aag miles betwe5 ,faya & ,ounianga1 a j\rney t (f]s no difficulties & is usually complet$ 9 five or six /ages4 ,! po9ts at :i* wat] may be f\nd are frequ5t--at lea/ "o e #bj miles--& p]man5t2 b graz+-gr\nds 7 almo/ non-exi/5t at t "t 9 consequ5ce ( ! elev5 ye>s' dr\ght ! c\ntry _h j suff]$ f4 ,! ra9 t _h fall5 9 ,augu/ _h1 x is true1 made a few gre5 blades spr+ "h & !re1 & !y 7 eag]ly snapp$ up by our camels z !y pass$2 b !y 7 /ill s scatt]$ among ! brok5 rocks t !y r emphasiz$ ?an dim9i%$ ! desolate b>r5ness ( ^! dre>y solitudes4 ,f place to place1 r\nd a wat]-hole1 "o f\nd a few wret*$ acacias1 bu%es ( rtem or tufts ( akre*4 ,by *ance "o w\ld come across :at _h once be5 a field ( dri$-up hd ^: ?orny bran*es 7 grey ) du/2 b 9 a g5]al way ! l&scape 0 disappo9t+ly b>e1 & ,i wond]$ anxi\sly h[ long my camels w\ld hold out on ?is />vation diet4 ,! r\te pass$ alt]nately ?r\gh hamadas ( s&/one1 ! black5$ rocks ( :i* em]g$ f irregul> dunes1 & ?r\gh s&y pla9s into :i* "o sank1 rais+ ?ick cl\ds ( du/ f9] ?an a%es4 ,we did n meet a liv+ s\l on ! way1 except a deta*m5t go+ back to ,faya1 & a little c>avan consi/+ ( two delegates ( ! ,gr& ,s5\ssi com+ f ,cyr5aica on _! way to ,=t ,lamy z an embassy to ! comm&] ( ! t]ritory4 ,i sp5t an aft]noon ) !m ne> ! wells ( ,eddeki1 & s _h ! pleasure ( (f]+ !m tea4 ,! *ief delegate1 ,si ,mahm\d ,%eikh1 0 a ,khoan ( fairly high rank 9 ! ,s5\ssi/ confrat]nity4 ,8 appe>ance 0 t ( a good ,mussulman 8bro!r0 by no means indiff]5t to ! good ?+s ( ?is _w2 fifty ye>s old1 & ( a f9e corpul5ce1 he _h a fair b sunburnt complexion1 grey hair1 a black be>d1 a r\nd face1 ?9 lips1 small eyes1 & a s5sual nose4 ,he 0 dress$ all 9 :ite1 walk$ ) gravity1 & spoke little4 ,8 attitude1 free f arrogance1 0 n )\t a t\* ( awkw>dness1 & 8 res]ve conceal$ b ill 8 uneas9ess ab\t ! fate t might await him dur+ 8 long j\rney among ! infidels4 ,8 companion1 ,abdallah ,gh>iani1 0 y\ng] & ( a v mode/ rank among ! ,khoans4 ,he _h a jovial1 bu/l+ mann]1 & talk$ volubly1 b 8 eyes 7 sly & %ifty4 ,:ile we drank tea flav\r$ ) m9t1 he boa/$ ( ! pacific int5tions ( ,ahm$ ,%]if1 insi/$ on ! desire ( ! ,confrat]nity to ma9ta9 active comm]cial relations betwe5 ,cyr5aica & ! ,wadai1 & on ! necessity = suppress+ ! ,t\b\ brig&age t h9d]$ ! m>* ( ! c>avans4 ,9 conclusion1 he decl>$ t he _h eat5 no meat = a long "t & begg$ me to make him a pres5t ( a small quantity ( smoke-dri$ meat--a preci\s commodity 9 ! des]t1 :]e ! res\rces ( hunt+ d n exi/4 ,illu/ration3 ,,natural ,,ci/]n1 ,,erdi ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,peak ,,( ,,dimi 7#fjj m471 ,,erdi ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,peaks ,,( ,,d\rd\ro 7#ajjj4 m471 ,,erdi ,ounianga4--,i rea*$ ! valley ( ,ounianga on ,octob] #i 9 ! morn+1 & 0 n a little a/oni%$ at fail+ to see ! palm plantation till ! mom5t ( ent]+ x2 =1 unlike ^? ( ,bork\1 :i* c be se5 f a di/ance1 ! oasis ( ,ounianga is hidd5 9 a rocky excavation "s #cj y>ds 9 dep? & #d or #e miles long by #a or #b wide4 ,! l&scape ?us =m$ is incomp>ably picturesque3 a great %eet ( calm wat] ) blue %ad[s1 edg$ ) rosy-t9t$ bea*es ( s&1 & fr+$ ) gre5 palm-trees /ret*$ )9 a circle ( b>e w9d-c>v$ s&/one ^: sombre hues ca/ "h & !re1 "u ! blaz+ sun1 w>m %ad[s gl[+ ) r$ or gold4 ,b x mu/ be recogniz$ t 9 spite ( its beauty ! palm plantation ( ,ounianga is b wret*$ness1 gloom1 & disappo9tm5t4 ,! inhabitants1 kn[n z ,ounias1 are few--"s hundr$s at mo/4 ,on ! o!r h&1 millions ( flies fi]cely ex]cise _! buzz+ activity = f\rte5 h\rs a day on man & bea/4 ,! soil is unfruitful1 & produces h>dly any?+ b dates4 ,! food/uffs necess>y to life--c]eals1 butt]1 smoke-dri$ meat--are br\ght at great co/ by c>avans com+ f ,ab* to seek ! supplies ( salt f ,ar\elli ne$$ by ! inhabitants ( ,wadai4 ,ev5 ! camels _c live 9 ! neighb\rhood = want ( en\gh pa/ure1 & f ?is cause our little g>rison _h ! utmo/ difficulty n only 9 gett+ supplies1 b 9 fulfill+ ! mission ( wat*+ ! approa*es ( ! fronti]1 & especially ! great road f ,k\fra t em]ges f ! ,libyan des]t 9 ! region ( ,tekro ,ar\elli4 ,x occupi$ at ! nor? end ( ! lake a little rectangul> =t1 solidly built1 b surr\nd$ at a %ort di/ance by rocks t block$ ! view & ov]look$ x to ! nor? & ea/4 ,x _h n be5 possible to f9d a m fav\rable site1 (f]+ at ! same "t ext5sive views & an easily accessible wat]-supply4 ,i devot$ two days to diff]5t tasks 7inspections ( ! g>rison1 int]views ) ! ,ounia *iefs & ) two ,khoans1 =m] gov]nors ( ! c\ntry 9 ! "t ( ! ,s5\ssi/ dom9ation1 & s =?71 & set out aga9 on ,octob] #aa to visit ! la/ wat]-po9ts be=e ent]+ ! ,libyan des]t4 ,! ,libyan des]t is /ill almo/ completely unkn[n1 no ,european travell] hav+ be5 able z yet to cross x f side to side1 :e!r f nor? to s\? or f ea/ to we/4 ,9 #ahgj ,g]h>dt ,rohlfs visit$ ! nor!rn "p1 z f> z ! oases ( ,k\fra2 a qu>t] ( a c5tury lat] ,briti% (fic]s p5etrat$ ! s\?-ea/]n region z f> z ,bir ,natrun1 ab\t #bjj miles we/ ( ! ,nile4 ,on our "p1 we h be5 able to explore ! s\?-we/]n di/rict & to obta9 9 respect ( ! c5tral "p fre% in=mation1 :i* x w n be easy to v]ify & ext5d until ! ,fr5*1 ,briti%1 & ,italian gov]nm5ts comb9e 9 organiz+ = t purpose a geographical exp$ition1 :i* w\ld be ( consid]able sci5tific & ev5 political int]e/4 ,i fir/ took ! direction ( ! salt-pits ( ,ar\elli1 situat$ #bh miles to ! nor?w>ds1 :]e ,i met a c>avan t _h j load$ up ) #cj tons ( salt = ! ,wadai m>kets4 ,! salt-b$ lies at ! bottom ( an absolutely b>e s&y depression1 cov]+ "s #be acres4 ,! b$ ( salt1 :i* is only ab\t #f or #h in*es ?ick1 is on ! surface1 & m or less mix$ ) s&4 ,! wat]-be>+ /ratum lies at a dep? ( #e or #f feet1 & ! wat] is naturally v salt4 ,! wat]1 ris+ to ! surface by capill>ity1 evaporates1 =m+ ! salt cru/ t ! c>avans c>ry away 9 pieces1 & :i* ! natives ( ! ,wadai & ! c\ntries bord]+ on x consume )\t fur!r prep>ation4 ,if "o may tru/ ! in=mation suppli$ by ! ,ounias1 ! salt cru/ =ms aga9 ab\t ?ree mon?s aft] be+ tak5 away1 s t ! output ( ! ,ar\elli pits w\ld am\nt to ne>ly #ajj1jjj cubic metres ( salt annually1 an output suffici5t to satisfy ! cul9>y ne$s ( m ?an t5 million p1 & wor? on ! spot1 z prices 7 be=e ! w>1 "s fifte5 million francs4 ,f ,ar\elli ,i w5t ea/w>ds to fix ! position ( ! well ( ,tekro1 :]e !re is also a deposit ( salt :i* is n work$1 ! admixture ( s& be+ too great4 ,! well ( ,tekro is p>ticul>ly important1 because x is situat$ at ! extremity ( ! great c>avan r\te jo9+ ! ,m$it]ranean to ! ,s\dan by ! oases ( ,k\fra & ! well ( ,s>ra4 ,! wat] is abundant & fairly fre%1 b ! vegetation is r$uc$ to a hundr$ clumps ( siwak & a few tufts ( grass ( no value = ! fe$+ ( camels4 ,! ,r\te t[>ds ,k\fra4--,betwe5 ,tekro & ,k\fra ! di/ance to be cov]$ is ab\t #cej miles1 ab\t half ( :i* _h j be5 reconnoitr$ by ,lieut5ant ,f\*1 comm&+ ! g>rison ( ,ounianga4 ,m>*+ 9 a g5]al direction nor?-nor?-ea/ he _h fir/ cross$ a rocky zone ( slight elevation1 sp5d+ f\r h\rs 9 do+ s2 !n = two days he trav]s$ an imm5se s&y pla91 b>e ( all vegetation1 ) "h & !re /ret*es ( rock surface level ) ! gr\nd2 brok5 l9es ( rocky heights 7 visible 9 ! di/ance to ea/ & we/4 ,^! heights w5t to jo9 ! plateau ( ,jef-,jef1 9 ! direction ( :i* he m>*$ = twelve h\rs dur+ ! ?ird day4 ,on ! f\r?1 he f\nd himself 9 a va/ pla9 f :i* ! ,djebel ,habid1 #ej miles away to ! ea/1 c be se5 dur+ ! fir/ few h\rs4 ,! fif? day ranges ( mov+ s&-dunes t s]v$ z l&m>ks = ! guides 7 obs]v$ to ! nor?-we/1 & at la/1 at nightfall on ! six? day1 he rea*$ ! well ( ,s>ra1 ly+ 9 a holl[ runn+ f s\?-we/ to nor?-ea/ & #cj metres deep4 ,! site ( ! well 0 *os5 by ! rev]$ ,sidi el ,mahdi ab\t #ahih1 & ! works began almo/ at once4 ,! bor+1 all done ) picks & cr[b>s1 0 effect$ 9 h>d r$di% s&/one1 by gangs ( six workm51 reliev$ e mon?1 & suppli$ ) food & wat] by an endless succession ( camel-convoys4 ,at ! end ( eighte5 or tw5ty mon?s ( un9t]rupt$ "w ! wat] 0 at l5g? f\nd1 cle>1 fre%1 & abundant1 at a dep? ( #hj y>ds1 & s9ce !n ! cross+ ( ! ,libyan des]t has become relatively easy1 ! longe/ /ret* )\t wat] be+ r$uc$ to ab\t #ahj miles1 :]eas x 0 =m]ly almo/ #cjj4 ,f ! well ( ,s>ra to ,k\fra ! di/ance to be cov]$ is only ab\t #afj miles & (f]s no fur!r difficulties1 ?anks to ! int]m$iate well ( ,be*ra4 ,:at makes ! j\rney f ,ounianga to ,k\fra p>ticul>ly tr\blesome is ! total abs5ce ( pa/urage = #ejj miles1 a /ate ( ?+s t results 9 ! loss ( _m camels on e j\rney4 ,! only good pa/urage 9 ! :ole region is said to be f\nd #hj or #ajj miles to ! ea/ ( ! ,s>ra well1 9 ! ,djebel ,el ,a\9at1 an unexplor$ m\nta9 mass ( an ext5t n exce$+ #aejj to #bjjj squ>e miles1 z ,i am in=m$1 & ^: altitude may be r\ghly put at f #djjj to #ejjj feet4 ,x goes )\t say+ t ,i only give ^! figures z a m]e indication1 & z subject to caution 9 e respect4 ,! break 9 cont9uity betwe5 ! surveys ( ,rohlfs f ! ,m$it]ranean to ,k\fra & ours f ! ,wadai to ! well ( ,s>ra is consequ5tly r$uc$ to ab\t #ahj miles2 b ?is gap does n seem likely to be bridg$ be=e ,italy proce$s to an effective occupation ( ! oasis ( ,k\fra1 :i* falls )9 h] sph]e ( influ5ce4 ,hav+ asc]ta9$ ! site1 dep?1 & value ( ! ,s>ra wells1 ,lieut5ant ,f\*1 9 accordance ) 8 in/ructions1 set himself to m>* back to ,ounianga1 b ! return j\rney 0 p>ticul>ly dramatic4 ,= f ! v fir/ day 8 guide l$ him directly s\?1 in/ead ( m>*+ s\?-s\?-we/4 ,"o is ju/ifi$ 9 suppos+ t he meant to lead a/ray 9 ! des]t ! deta*m5t ^: camels 7 s exhau/$ t ev]ybody w5t on foot1 & ^: /ore ( wat] 0 limit$ to a little less ?an a gallon a day p] man4 ,a/oni%$ at ?is unaccu/om$ deviation1 ! lieut5ant drew ! guide's att5tion to x1 b ! latt] answ]$3 8,d n be uneasy1 we are on ! "r road40 ,b :5 he judg$ t ! column 0 f> en\gh f ! tracks left by ! outw>d j\rney1 he repli$ to a fre% obs]vation made by ! lieut5ant3 8,y are probably "r1 = ,i no long] see my usual l&m>ks2 b if y w\ld l5d me a camel & a sk9 ( wat]1 ,i w\ld g & f9d our tracks ( ! o!r day1 & z soon z ,i _h f\nd !m ,i w\ld come back to look = y40 ,! lieut5ant ?\ght x wis] to turn guide himself1 &1 compass 9 h&1 he put himself at ! head ( ! c>avan1 ) :at anxiety may be guess$6 ,an error ( direction ( a few degrees--q a usual ?+ 9 m>*+ by ! compass ) no natural l&m>ks--might "w out at a matt] ( #ae miles 9 a di/ance ( #ahj1 t be+ ! di/ance to ,tekro4 ,& ! well _h to be f\nd1 9 ! imm5sity ( ! des]t1 be=e ! deta*m5t's scanty wat]- supply gave out6 ,! black soldi]s' ?ir/ 0 aggravat$ by ! cru%+ heat2 r$uc$ to a daily ration ( a little less ?an #d qu>ts ( wat]1 !y no long] ate any solid food4 ,! camels1 gr[n weak1 slack5$ _! pace4 ,! m51 uneasy at n com+ across _! traces ( ! outw>d j\rney1 ?\ght !mselves hopelessly lo/4 ,_! feet1 swoll5 ) we>9ess & made pa9ful by ! burn+ s&s1 seem$ incapable ( c>ry+ !m to ! end ( t int]m9able pla91 torrid & un*ang+1 :]e ! air vibrat$ z x vibrates above an ov]heat$ /ove1 creat+ all along ! r\te deceptive mirages1 ceaselessly dissolv+ & reappe>+4 ,aft] a :ile "s ( !m lo/ he>t & want$ to /op1 pref]r+ to wait = dea? :]e !y 7 r ?an g on ) an aimless m>*4 ,! lieut5ant tri$ to *e] !m up by s++ ! praises ( 8 compass1 & promis+ !m t on ! morn+ ( ! sev5? day ! ?ree famili> rocks ne> ! well ( ,tekro %\ld appe> be=e !m on ! horizon4 ,incr$ul\s1 b respectful1 !y betook !mselves aga9 to _! j\rney1 advanc+ automatically beh9d ! camels z exhau/$ z !mselves1 & by "s miracle1 on ! promis$ day & at ! promis$ h\r1 !y saw fa9tly outl9$ aga9/ ! f> horizon ! rocks ( _! salvation6 ,a few h\rs lat]1 biv\ack$ r\nd ! well ( ,tekro1 ! brave fell[s :o _h j cov]$ #cej miles on foot 9 f\rte5 days 9 conditions ( ! utmo/ h>d%ip1 _h =gott5 _! we>9ess & 7 contemplat+ ) respect1 on ! lieut5ant's table1 ! 8good little iron0 t _h sav$ !m f ! mo/ horrible dea?4 ,z = ! guide1 he 0 left unmole/$1 8 crim9al int5tion n be+ susceptible ( absolute pro(4 ,x 0 ! wise/ c\rse to take1 = by puni%+ him )\t pro(s1 all we %\ld h ga9$ w\ld h be5 to t]rify m5 :om we might ne$ lat] on6 ,9 ! des]t1 ! be/ guides may h _! weak mom5ts6 ,f ,tekro to ,ounianga4--,f ,tekro ,i came back to ,ounianga1 & cont9u+ ea/w>ds by ! lakes ( ,little ,ounianga & ,n',tegdey ,i rea*$ ! salt-pits ( ,dimi1 aft] cross+ a *a9 ( little s&- dunes ab\t #ej feet high1 /ret*+ f nor?-ea/ to s\?-we/1 & ext5d+ f #e to #f miles 9 bread?4 ,?is salt-pit lies 9 a sort ( huge circle ( rock1 9 ! middle ( :i* rises an isolat$ conical peak #ejj or #fjj feet high4 ,x seems to me m ext5sive ?an t ( ,ar\elli1 b ! salt f x does n seem to be s mu* 9 dem&1 on acc\nt ( ! v l>ge proportion ( s& x conta9s4 ,! result is t x is h>dly us$ by any "o except ! natives ( ,enn$i1 :o h only ?ree days' j\rney to g 9 ord] to get a supply ( x4 ,! graz+1 ?\gh by no means abundant1 0 less scanty ?an 9 ! regions ,i _h j come ?r\gh1 & my skeleton-l camels c\ld eat _! fill1 = ! fir/ "t 9 a :ole mon?4 ,f ! top ( ! rocks ( ,dimi my ,ounia guide1 ,s\g\1 po9t$ out to me 9 ! ea/ ! almo/ horizontal l9es ( cliffs =m+ ! mo/ we/]ly po9t ( ! my/]i\s plateaux ( ,erdi4 ,! ^w 8,erdi0 means 9 ! language ( ! ,t\b\s 8exp$ition1 razzia10 & w\ld appe> to h be5 appli$ to t region f "t immemorial because x s]v$ z a meet+-place = ! b&s ( raid]s :o put ! c>avans to ransom & pu%$ _! raids z f> z nor!rn ,d> ,f\r & ,kord(an1 & sometimes ev5 to ! valley ( ! ,nile 9 its middle rea*es4 ,accord+ to ! guide1 rocky tablel&s 7 to be f\nd !re1 ( an altitude comp>able ) t ( ,enn$i2 ! ra9s 7 less r>e ?an 9 ,bork\1 ! graz+-gr\nds = camels abundant1 & ! po9ts :]e wat] c\ld be f\nd 7 hidd5 away 9 gorges difficult ( access1 little kn[n1 & h>d to f9d ! way to4 ,= 8 own "p1 he h>dly knew any except ^? ( ,erdi-,dji & ,erdi-,ma1 sep>at$ by a di/ance ( #gj or #hj miles4 ,i hesitat$ "s "t be=e cont9u+ my j\rney t[>ds ?is region1 ^: v "n 0 unkn[n till n[2 my wat]-b>rels only gave me a res]ve ( "s ?irty gallons1 & my m5's sk9 bottles 7 s corrod$ by ! salts ( sodium !y _h transport$ t !y 7 empty aft] tw5ty-f\r or ?irty-six h\rs' m>*4 ,my camels1 ?91 worn out1 & m & m mangy1 c\ld n d m ?an #bj miles a day1 & ,i only _h at my disposal t5 days' supplies = my deta*m5t1 s t any error on my guide's "p might put me into a critical position4 ,erdi4--,9 spite ( ev]y?+ ,i resolv$ to make ! attempt1 tru/+ 9 =tune to ensure its success4 ,9 two m>*es we succe$$ 9 rea*+ ! foot ( ! cliffs ( ,erdi-,dji1 #gej feet high & ab\t #bjjj feet above ! sea4 ,we f\nd !re good graz+ = ! camels1 & f t day onw>d we _h abundant fodd] at ea* successive /age1 s t ,i 0 deliv]$ f ! dread ( see+ my indisp5sable bea/s ( burd5 wa/e away f inanition4 ,! wat] 0 no less abundant1 & 0 f\nd 9 natural ci/]ns holl[$ out by wat]falls 9 ! b$s ( dri$-up torr5ts t came d[n f ! plateau4 ,"s ( ^! ci/]ns conta9$ no?+ b s&2 b x 0 en\gh to bore a hole #a or #b feet deep 9 ! s& to obta9 a suffici5t /ore ( wat]4 ,f ! top ( ! cliffs all t c\ld be se5 0 an imm5se plateau1 slightly undulat+1 & ris+ gradually t[>ds ! nor?- ea/4 ,beyond ! l9e ( ! horizon "s doz5 miles away1 !re rose1 z our guide told me1 o!r cliffs2 b all ,i c\ld d 0 to take note ( t in=mation )\t be+ able to v]ify x4 ,cont9u+ our r\te ea/w>ds along ! foot ( ! cliffs1 we rea*$ five days lat] ! region ( ,erdi-,ma1 decid$ly high] ?an t ( ,erdi-,dji3 ! highe/ altitude ,i _h ! opportunity ( measur+ exce$$ #cjjj feet4 ,our biv\ac 0 in/all$ at ! entrance ( ! gorges ( ,d\rd\ro1 :]e v picturesque natural ci/]ns are to be f\nd conta9+ abundant quantities ( wat] )drawn by ! positions ( ! enclos+ rocks f ! dry+ action ( sun & w9d4 ,dur+ ! :ole ( ! way ?i!r we did n see a liv+ s\l1 any m ?an 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,d\rd\ro4 ,my guide nev] hav+ gone beyond t po9t1 x 0 impossible to pu% my inve/igations fur!r4 ,besides1 ,i _h n[ only f\r days' supplies left1 a fact :i* oblig$ me to *ange my direction & make = ,wad ,m\rdi1 on ! nor!rn bord] ( ,enn$i1 :]e ,i 0 to receive fre% supplies4 ,i _h ev5tually to be satisfi$ ) det]m9+ ! position ( ?is po9t & measur+ a few heights :ile we 7 r5ew+ our /ore ( wat] be=e />t+ aga9 aft] a day's re/4 ,?is exp$ition1 ?\gh limit$ to ! s\?-we/]n bord] ( ! massif ( ,erdi1 reveal$ "s int]e/+ facts ab\t ! configuration ( ! c\ntry t[>ds ! #ah? degree ( latitude nor? & ! #bcrd degree ( longitude ea/ ( ,gre5wi*2 ! altitudes increas$ f we/ to ea/1 & x seem$ likely t ! massif ( ,erdi 0 connect$ 9 "o direction ) ! m\nta9s ( ,tibe/i by ! plateau ( ,jef-,jef1 & 9 ano!r ) ! /ill unkn[n massif ( ,el ,a\9at1 situat$ approximately betwe5 ! #bbnd & #bcrd degrees ( latitude nor? & ! #bd? & #be? degrees ( longitude ea/4 ,lat] in=mation gave me a few fur!r indications ab\t we/]n ,erdi1 :]e two wat]-po9ts 7 f\nd2 "o ,b9i-,erdi1 ab\t #hj miles nor?- ea/ ( ,d\rd\ro1 & ! o!r1 ,erdi-,f\*9i1 "s #fj miles nor? ( ,d\rd\ro1 at ! foot ( a l9e ( tall cliffs4 ,! d$uction may be all[$1 = ! "t be+1 t ! c5tral tablel& ( ,erdi (f]s altitudes presumably sup]ior to #djjj feet1 & t x slopes g5tly d[n on ! ea/ to ! great s&y pla91 )\t vegetation or wat]1 across :i* passes ! r\te f ,el ,a\9at to ,m]ga1 a r\te t e/abli%es direct b v difficult communication betwe5 ,k\fra & ,d> ,f\r1 to ! ea/ ( ! #bd? degree ( longitude4 ,betwe5 ,erdi & ,enn$i4--,9 leav+ ,d\rd\ro to m>* s\?w>ds ,i 0 go+ into ! unkn[n4 ,i c\ld1 no d\bt1 see 9 front ( me1 #dj miles away1 ! cre/s ( nor!rn ,enn$i1 at ! foot ( :i* ,i 0 to f9d ! wat]-po9ts ( ,aga & ,diona2 b to seek ! said po9ts )\t guide 9 ! *aos ( rocks 0 a risky und]tak+1 & might h be5 held unreasonable if ! way our supplies 7 runn+ %ort _h n oblig$ me to g =w>d4 ,a va/ depression1 /ret*+ f s\?-s\?-we/ to nor?-nor?-ea/ & ( an av]age bread? ( "s #cj miles1 sep>at$ ,erdi f ,enn$i2 x 0 ! depression ,i he>d spok5 ( e>li] z a prolongation ( t ( ! ,bahr ,el ,ghazal1 ?r\gh :i* ,lake ,*ad once p\r$ its wat]s into ! lakes ( ,toro & ,dj\rab1 & consequ5tly t by :i* ! bas9s ( ! ,*ad & ! ,nile might 9 anci5t times h ent]$ into communication4 ,t be+ s1 ,i took ! utmo/ c>e 9 exam9+ ! region & det]m9+ ! altitudes4 ,! l[e/ po9t 0 f\nd ab\t #cj kilometres f ,d\rd\ro4 ,its altitude 0 #agej feet1 or #ajjj feet high] ?an t ( ,bokalia at ! nor?-ea/]n extremity ( ! ,dj\rab4 ,! slope 0 !re=e f nor?-ea/ to s\?-we/1 z 0 confirm$ by ! %ape ( ! gr\nd & ! g5]al direction ( ! valleys runn+ into t depression1 & ,i 0 able to conclude t if an anci5t riv] once fl[$ 9 ! bottom ( t broad valley1 :i* is h>dly likely1 x ran1 n t[>ds ! ,nile1 b t[>ds ! l[l&s ( ! ,*ad4 ,by ?is evid5ce1 "o ( ! mo/ important items ( my geographical programme 0 fully elucidat$3 ! bas9 ( ,lake ,*ad con/itutes 9 ! c5tre ( ,africa a clos$ bas9 :i* has nev] be5 connect$ ) ! bas9 ( ! ,nile4 ,! lake zone1 n[ dri$ up1 consi/+ ( ,kanem1 ! l[l&s ( ,lake ,*ad1 & ,bork\1 0 once ! outlet = ! afflu5ts ( ,lake ,*ad & = _m great riv]s com+ d[n f ! m\nta9 mass ( ,enn$i1 ,erdi1 & ,tibe/i4 ,its outl9e at successive p]iods--an outl9e 9 all probability v irregul>--might be indicat$ by ! hypsometric curves #bgj--bfj--bej metres1 adopt+ = ! ,lake ,*ad ( to-day ! altitude ( #bdj metres4 ,its ext5t at t p]iod mu/ h be5 comp>able ) t ( ! ,caspian ,sea at ! pres5t day1 & its greate/ dep? "s hundr$ metres4 ,9 ! ev5+ ( ! second day's m>*1 :5 we 7 draw+ ne> ! foo?ills ( ,enn$i1 we _h n yet f\nd any well1 & our t9y /ore ( wat] 0 us$ up4 ,b spy+ 9 ! we/ a notable gap 9 ! l9e ( hills1 ,i ?\ght we %\ld be likely to f9d a wat]-po9t !re1 & pr(it$ by ! coolness ( ! night to try to rea* x4 ,at dawn we came out on a f9e riv]1 dri$ up1 :]e we got a little wat] by digg+ holes 9 ! s&4 ,by good luck our guide1 ,s\g\1 recogniz$ t we _h rea*$ ,ou$ ,m\rdi1 :]e he _h come by ano!r r\te "s six mon?s e>li]2 ?anks to :i* discov]y1 aft] a little se>* we 7 able to biv\ac beside ! well ( ,diona4 ,if ,i _h _h "t & means1 x w\ld h be5 extremely int]e/+ to explore up to its />t+-po9t ! great depression ,i _h j cross$1 a depression :i* p]haps comes d[n f ! region ( ,m]ga 9 ! he>t ( ! ,libyan ,des]t1 :]e ! natives agree 9 decl>+ t !re exi/s a little lake surr\nd$ by a palm plantation4 ,! probable position ( ,m]ga is betwe5 ! #be? & #bf? degrees ( longitude ea/ & #ah? & #ai? degrees ( latitude nor?4 ,?is oasis is situat$ on ! direct r\te f ,enn$i to ,dongola1 ab\t #bjj miles f ! la/ wat]-po9t ( ,enn$i 7,g\rg\ro74 ,illu/ration3 ,,fr5* ,,sudan ,map to illu/rate ! ,,"w ,,( ,,! ,,mission ,,tilho 9 ,,tibe/i1 ,,borku1 ,,erdi ,,& ,,enn$i ,,! ,,geographical ,,j\rnal1 ,,aug #aibj4 ,modifi$ ,polyconic 7#a_/,m4 ,int]national ,map7 ,projection4 ,publi%$ by ! ,royal ,geographical ,society4 ,,tibe/i ,tilho #f4 ,exploration ( ,enn$i4 ,hav+ rea*$ ! well ( ,diona on #aa ,novemb] #aiad 9 ! morn+1 ,i 0 jo9$ next day by ! camel-corps section ( ,bork\ & ,enn$i1 :i* br\ght me fre% supplies & 7 *>g$ ) ! mission ( gett+ into t\* ) ! nomads ( ea/]n & c5tral ,enn$i1 :o refus$ to ackn[l$ge our au?ority & committ$ acts ( brig&age on our l9es ( communication4 ,a few patrols 9 ! neighb\rhood hav+ made x cle> t ! rebels _h decamp$ be=e u & tak5 refuge on ! high plateaux1 ! camel corps "u ! comm& ( ,capta9 ,*teauvieux climb$ ! heights ( ,erdb1 :]e !y began an active pursuit ( ! rebels4 ,at ! same "t ,i reconnoitr$ ! wat]-po9t ( ,aga1 #cj miles fur!r ea/ on ! r\te f ,erdi to ,d> ,f\r1 a r\te foll[$ at t p]iod by a c]ta9 numb] ( ,s5\ssi/ emiss>ies on _! way to exhort ! ,sultan ,ali-,d9> to jo9 9 ! ,holy ,w>6 ,= x w be rememb]$ t ,turkey _h j at t date ent]$ into ! w> aga9/ u1 & t ! plan ( ! ,g]man g5]al /aff includ$ a va/ ,musulman ris+ de/9$ to drive ! ,fr5* & ,briti% out ( _! ,african possessions4 ,ea/]n ,enn$i4--,f9d+ no traces ( ! rebels at ,aga1 ,i rejo9$ ! camel corps 9 _! occupation ( ! ci/]ns ( ,keta on ! plateau ( ,erdb1 & until ! end ( ,novemb] our reconnoitr+ columns explor$ ! labyr9? ( gorges & rocky valleys ov] :i* ! refractory natives _h scatt]$1 )\t (f]+ s]i\s resi/ance any:]e4 ,! cold 0 beg9n+ to be r unpleasant1 especially :5 ! nor?-ea/ w9d blew1 b ! !rmomet] did n fall z l[ z z]o4 ,! wat]-po9ts 7 extremely num]\s1 a fact :i* fav\r$ ! break-up into small fractions ( ! rebel b&s1 ^: *ief anxiety appe>$ to be ! gett+ ( _! h]ds ( camels & ox5 & _! flocks ( goats into a safe place4 ,!y did n seem to worry mu* ab\t _! wom5 & *ildr51 & let u capture !m ) ! s]5e/ unconc]n1 be+ well aw>e t we %\ld d !m no h>m1 & t _! su/5ance w\ld be assur$ = ! "t be+ by our black troops1 always glad to leave ! prep>ation ( ! daily c\ssc\ss to ! o!r sex4 ,to conclude ?is s]ies ( op]ations we _h to fix ! limits ( ea/]n ,enn$i4 ,an exp$ition 0 s5t to ,bao1 #fj miles s\?w>ds1 ! la/ wat]-po9t 9 ! region1 & !nce to ,kapt]ko 9 ! s\?-ea/1 :]e a few rebels 7 captur$4 ,ano!r exp$ition fix$ ! position ( ! well ( ,konamna "s #ej miles ea/1 & w5t a /age fur!r1 to ! beg9n+ ( ! great pla9 )\t wat] or vegetation t /ret*es out ( sight to ! ea/w>d4 ,! g5]al physiognomy ( ! c\ntry 0 t ( a rocky tablel& int]sect$ by a great numb] ( valleys1 m or less deep1 & gorges1 sep>at$ by _m little jagg$ *a9s ( s&/one runn+ 9 all directions1 & v>y+ 9 height betwe5 ab\t #bjj & #ejj feet4 ,all ^? depressions are cov]$ ) grass & %rubs1 af=d+ excell5t pa/urage = ! hillman's flocks4 ,( plants useful = human food we f\nd gram9e su* z ! ,kreb & ,anselik2 :at is m1 ! soil ( ! valleys 0 lit]ally cov]$ 9 places ) wat]-melons & colocyn?s4 ,?\gh ,i f\nd no traces ( tillage any:]e1 ,i ev5 _h ! surprise ( notic+ f "t to "t h>dy /alks ( ! wild cotton plant1 "s rea*+ #f feet 9 height4 ,almo/ e ye> at ! end ( ! ra9y season tempor>y riv]s fl[ ?r\gh ^! depressions1 "s ( !m turn+ nor?w>ds 7& consequ5tly tribut>ies ( ! ,*ad bas971 ! o!rs s\?w>ds1 :]e !y once us$ to fe$ "s great tribut>y ( ! ,nile bas94 ,num]\s pools =m$ dur+ ! ra9s hold out = a long] or %ort] "t 9 ! flats ( ! m consid]able ( ^! valleys1 :ile 9 ! n>r[] p>ts ! wat] is /or$ 9 natural res]voirs1 m or less h>d to get at1 holl[$ 9 ! s&/one by ! fall+ wat]s z ea* torr5t makes its way d[n f "o l$ge to ! next4 ,! greate/ altitude ,i notic$ 9 ! c\rse ( my surveys on ! plateaux ( ,erdb 0 f\nd 9 ! wat]-p>t+ betwe5 ! slope t[>ds ! ,*ad & ! slope t[>ds ! ,nile3 x 0 ( #cfjj feet4 ,! highe/ summits 9 ! neighb\rhood ris+ only f #bej to #djj feet above ! g5]al level ( ! c\ntry1 x may be e/imat$ t ! *ief altitudes ( t region v>y betwe5 #djjj & #dbjj feet4 ,tw5ty miles ea/ ( ,konamna1 9 ! transition zone betwe5 ! m\nta9s & ! pla9s1 ! altitudes ( ! bottom ( ! valley 0 /ill sup]ior to #cjjj feet4 ,x is possible1 moreov]1 t #dj miles away to ! nor?-ea/ c]ta9 summits ( ! wat]-p>t+ rise to #ejjj feet4 ,! natives :o live a nomadic life on ! plateaux ( ,erdb am\nt 9 numb] to sev]al hundr$ families4 ,_! settlem5t1 meagre 9 ! extreme1 usually consi/s ( a few pieces ( matt+ /ret*$ on /akes 9 a corn] ( a rav9e1 r\nd a ?orn enclosure 9 :i* _! flock ( %eep & goats is %ut up2 at ! slighte/ al>m m5 & bea/s /amp$e among ! rocks4 ,if ,i _h to seek 9 ! animal k+dom a t]m ( comp>ison = ^! tribes1 ,i ?9k ,i %\ld *oose _! fell[- d5iz5 ! jackal3 !y possess its cunn+1 its audacity1 its c[>dice1 its mis*iev\sness1 its endurance1 its spe$1 & its pr$atory in/9cts4 ,! only o!r wild animals we saw 7 gazelles1 antelopes1 & o/ri*es2 x is report$ t z long z ! above-m5tion$ pools rema91 bo>s1 pan!rs1 & lions may be f\nd1 b we _h no opportunity ( te/+ ! tru? ( ?is ass]tion4 ,on ,decemb] #i1 9 ! aft]noon1 hav+ made prep>ations = our dep>ture next morn+1 we set free our prison]s1 impos+ no conditions beyond t ( tell+ _! fell[s our desire to see peace & quiet reign ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 8,let ! nomads devote !mselves to ! rais+ ( _! flocks & to trad+ 9 salt & millet10 ,i said2 8let !m give up raid+ ! peaceful tribes ( ! ,sudan & ! ,nile1 & ! c>avans t cross ! des]t1 & ,i w leave !m at lib]ty 9 _! m\nta9s40 ,:]eupon an old woman answ]$ me1 8,we w c>ry y\r words fai?fully to our husb&s & sons1 & we w bid !m come & submit to y\r au?ority2 we are all we>y ( our p]petual insecurity2 we desire peace & ju/ice4 ,y h treat$ u well1 y h giv5 u millet & meat2 we h eat5 all we want$ to eat1 & n[ we "k t y are /rong & g5]\s4 ,allah rew>d y60 ,alas6 my rew>d 0 t = two ye>s long] ^! invet]ate brig&s did n cease raid+ 9 e direction1 & t ! camel corps _h a p>ticul>ly difficult task 9 gu>d+ convoys & putt+ d[n pillag+4 ,we/]n ,enn$i4--,x only rema9$ to me to cross ! c5tral "p ( ,enn$i 9 ord] to h a cle> outl9e ( ! g5]al physiognomy ( ! c\ntry1 ?anks to ! aid ( surveys previ\sly execut$ on its we/]n bord]s by sev]al (fic]s :o _h tak5 "p 9 milit>y op]ations 9 ,we/]n ,enn$i "u ! ord]s ( ,major ,hilaire & ,major ,colonna de ,lca4 ,) ?is end 9 view1 ,i m>*$ 9 ! direction ( ! milit>y po/ ( ,fada by ,boro & ,ar*e4 ,= a week our r\te lay ?r\gh a maze ( s&/one rocks :]e no track exi/$1 & ?r\gh :i* our guides zigzagg$ f cre/ to cre/ ) rem>kable sur5ess4 ,sometimes we made a long dt\r to cross a wadi ne> its s\rce2 sometimes we m>*$ /raight = ! ob/acle1 dropp+ d[n /eep l$ges t inspir$ little confid5ce 9 our animals1 or cross+ difficult ridges t ! camels c\ld only climb aft] be+ unload$4 ,ev]y:]e 7 n>r[ gorges & jagg$ cre/s1 ) "h & !re a few leagues ( easy go+ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! tempor>y pools t usually m>k$ ! conv]g5ce ( c]ta9 important rav9es4 ,9 ?is unev5 gr\nd ) its n>r[ horizons "o pa/ure-gr\nd succe$$ ano!r1 b we saw no trace ( inhabitants4 ,& yet wat] 0 n want+1 :e!r 9 natural ci/]ns or 9 great pools l t ( ,kossom ,yasko4 ,we skirt$ on ! s\? ! tablel& ( ,basso1 high]1 accord+ to our guides1 & h>d] to climb ?an t ( ,erdb1 b1 s f> z ,i c\ld judge at a guess1 its height is n likely to be z mu* z #ejjj feet4 ,we took a day's re/ 9 ! excell5t pa/ures ( ,boro be=e leav+ ! c5tral plateau ( ,enn$i to drop d[n to ! next level1 #djj or #ejj feet bel[4 ,!n our way lay along a f9e riv] ( :ite s&1 betwe5 banks #fj or #hj y>ds high1 :]e ! traces ( ! la/ fl[ ( wat] c\ld be se5 #f or #g feet up ! bank4 ,! com+ ( ! floods is s sudd51 & ! banks s /eep & smoo?1 t x is dang]\s to take t road 9 ! ra9y season4 ,no w9t] passes )\t "s he$less wayf>]s be+ surpris$ & c>ri$ away by ! ru%+ torr5t t comes sweep+ d[n ! valley ) ! spe$ ( a gallop+ horse4 ,aft] ?is spl5did s&-road came a /ret* ( rocky go+1 foll[$ by a zone ( wat]falls we _h to get r\nd by a m>* on ! plateau4 ,! l[] we got ! m picturesque ! l&scape became2 ! cliffs1 ga9+ 9 height :at we lo/ 9 altitude1 grew m & m impos+1 ! cre/s m jagg$1 ! ridges m (t5 brok5 by gaps4 ,isolat$ peaks appe>$ "h & !re1 ^: pure outl9es & bold summits put climb+ out ( ! "q4 ,on all sides !re rose 9 ! di/ance rocks1 "s broad1 "s sl5d]1 b all ( ! same height & gr\p$ irregul>ly1 s t sometimes1 :5 v close toge!r1 !y look$ l gr\ps ( m54 ,on ! #ag? ( ,decemb] we rea*$ ! foot ( ! la/ l$ges1 on ! we/]n bord]s ( ,enn$i1 at ! altitude ( ab\t #ahjj feet--t is to say1 ab\t t ( ! depression sep>at+ ,erdi f ! plateaux ( ,erdebe--& pit*$ our t5ts 9 ! valley ( ,ar*e1 ! mo/ picturesque ( ! beautiful valleys ( ! ,enn$i4 ,! c5tury-long erosion ( w9d & wat]1 c>v+ ! great s&/one masses t l9e ! valley1 lavi%$ ?r\gh\t ! l&scape ! mo/ admirable effects ( natural ar*itecture4 ,! approa*es ( ! great grotto1 above all1 & ( ! %eet ( wat] teem+ ) little fi%1 7 a pure delight = ! eyes3 ! %e] cliffs1 frett$ into colonnades cr[n$ ) turrets & belfries1 7 burnt to tones ( fad$ o*re t made ! blue ( ! sky seem deep] & m lum9\s /ill4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m\rdia ,,wom5 ,,& ,,*ildr51 ,,plateau ,,( ,,erd,b 7#ajjj m471 ,,enn$i ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,=t ,,( ,,fada1 ,,enn$i ,illu/ration3 ,,caves ,,( ,,ar*e1 ,,enn$i ,f ?is exploration x became app>5t t ,enn$i is1 r\ghly speak+1 a triangle cov]+ ab\t #ab1jjj squ>e miles 7#cj1jjj squ>e kilometres74 ,x consi/s ( a succession ( s&/one plateaux ris+ 9 ti]s f ! base level ( #afjj feet to t ( #dcjj & possibly ev5 #dhjj or #ejjj feet 9 ! p>ts ( ! c\ntry :i* _h to be left out ( our inve/igations 7,basso & ea/]n ,erdb74 ,x falls by /eep slopes to ! pla9s ( ! ,libyan des]t4 ,! plateaux ( ,enn$i are rav9$ by _m valleys1 mo/ ( !m v deep1 ^: wat]s only fl[ = a few days or weeks ea* ye> aft] ! ra9s 7,augu/ & ,septemb]74 ,^! wat]s hurl !mselves f l$ge to l$ge 9 wat]falls1 holl[+ out at ! foot ( ea* fall natural ci/]ns 9 ! rock1 :]e ! wat] rema9s a long] or %ort] "t accord+ z x is well or ill %elt]$ f ! torr5t b$s4 ,! roads usually foll[ ! torr5t b$s1 except :5 block$ by masses ( crumbl$ rock1 9 :i* case a m or less awkw>d circuit has to be made4 ,at ! po9ts :]e ! ma9 valleys conv]ge great muddy ponds are usually =m$1 b !y are %all[ & %ort-liv$4 ,9 all ! valleys spl5did graz+-l& is f\nd1 :]e n only camels b also ?\s&s ( ox5 c\ld live if ! problem ( dr9k+-tr\ghs did n pres5t itself e ye> 9 ! height ( ! dry season4 ,= at t mom5t ! natural ci/]ns t h /ill kept "s /ore ( wat] are gr[n few 9 numb]1 & are ne>ly always v h>d to get at4 ,mo/ ( ! great tempor>y pools are dry1 & subt]ranean wat] is no long] f\nd except 9 ! great wadis1 :]e ! wells 7t h to be dug out afre% e ye>7 g z deep z #bj or #be y>ds4 ,! inhabitants ( ,enn$i1 nomads or semi-nomads1 are v poor2 ! *ief tribes are ! ,bideyats 7or ,annas71 ! ,ga$as1 & ! ,m\rdias1 :i* all toge!r repres5t h>dly m ?an #bjjj s\ls4 ,b !y are by tradition s addict$ to brig&age & s untamable t z l>ge a troop ( police is ne$$ to keep !m 9 h& z = a population ( #dj1jjj 9 ! settl$ regions4 ,enn$i has no vegetable food res\rces2 !re are nei!r palm plantations1 nor native g>d5s1 nor millet fields4 ,& yet ! soil is m f]tile ?an 9 ,bork\ & ! p]iods ( dr\ght %ort]4 ,! *ief agricultural int]e/ ( ! region lies 9 its excell5t pa/ure1 :]e ! camels f9d abundant prov5d] ( v good quality4 ,9 ,mort*a4--,f ,ar*ei ,i w5t to ! po/ ( ,fada1 #dj miles or s to ! nor?-we/1 = a few days' re/1 aft] :i* ,i und]took a new s]ies ( reconnaissances we/w>ds1 = ! purpose ( explor+ ! /ill imp]fectly kn[n des]t regions ( nor!rn ,mort*a1 too (t5 visit$ by ! raids ( ! refractory tribes4 ,i 0 ?us enabl$ dur+ ! e>ly days ( ,janu>y #aiae to trace ! c\rse ( ! tempor>y riv]s t receive ! wat]s f ! we/]n slopes ( ,enn$i4 ,= a few days e ye> ^! riv]s roll d[n a volume ( wat] suffici5t to /op ! m>* ( c>avans & convoys = a long] or %ort] "t1 & cont9ue _! c\rse = #bjj or #cjj kilometres be=e ea* ( !m rea*es ! pool 9 :i* x ends4 ,z !y h n =ce en\gh to g fur!r1 all "o f9ds beyond ! t]m9al pool is a valley-way m or less cle>ly m>k$1 & block$ ) s& f place to place1 b /ill visible = fairly long di/ances4 ,x has be5 conclud$ t !y =m]ly ran into ! anci5t lake ( ,dj\rab1 ! level ( :i* is f #bjj to #cjj y>ds l[]4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ ( ^! riv]s f ! geographical po9t ( view is ! wadi ,soala1 :i* 9 ! c5tral & l[] p>ts ( its c\rse sep>ates ! granitic zone ( ,mort*a f ! s&/one ( ,enn$i4 ,! :ole region is "o succession ( good graz+-gr\nds = camels1 b :i* c be made use ( only a few mon?s a ye> :ile !re is wat] 9 ! tempor>y pools4 ,! "o t la/s longe/1 t ( ,ellla1 9 :i* ! wadi ,oum-,hadj> comes to an end1 is n entirely dry till ,april or ,may :5 ! annual ra9s h be5 normal1 9 :i* case x makes direct communication possible betwe5 ,bork\ & ,wada4 ,betwe5 ,enn$i & ,bork\4--,i next set out nor?w>ds f ,enn$i 9 ! direction ( ,madadi & ,wadi-,d\m1 :i* _h be5 adopt$ = ! "t be+ z _! headqu>t]s by "s rebel b&s f ,tibe/i1 :i* attack$ indiff]5tly ! c>avans f ,wada go+ to ,ar\elli = salt & our unescort$ convoys ( supplies circulat+ betwe5 ! po/s ( ,faya1 ,fada1 & ,ounianga4 ,at ! mom5t :5 ,i arriv$ 9 ! neighb\rhood !y _h j c>ri$ out successfully sev]al ( ^! surprise attacks1 & 7 mak+ (f to _! m\nta9s to get _! booty into a safe place4 ,unable to g aft] !m1 = my camels1 exhau/$ by ?ree mon?s' reconnoitr+ & h>d f>e1 c\ld n *all5ge ^? ( ! rebels = spe$1 ,i decid$ to return )\t delay to ,faya to organize reprisals4 ,on ! way ,i pass$ ?r\gh a l[-ly+ zone ( c\ntry once occupi$ by lakes & m>%es ( consid]able ext5t & ( ab\t #ajjj feet 9 altitude1 or #bej or #cjj feet high] ?an ! region ( ! anci5t lakes ( ,bork\ & ,dj\rab1 ) :i* x is connect$ by a cont9u\s valley1 ! b$ ( :i*1 v cle>ly visible 9 places1 is (t5 buri$ 9 s&4 ,?is lake-zone seems to be ! end ( ! great depression ,i _h cross$ two mon?s e>li]1 betwe5 ! massifs ( ,erdi & ,enn$i4 ,except 9 ! imm$iate neighb\rhood ( ! spr+s ( ,madadi & ar\nd ! p]man5t pool ( ! ,wadi ,d\m 7or ,t\h\7 ! soil is absolutely b>r51 consi/+ ei!r ( v pure silice\s s& or ( s(t friable e>?1 :iti% 9 col\r & z f9e z fl\r1 into :i* we sank to ! ankles at e /ep1 rais+ ?ick cl\ds ( /ifl+ du/4 ,t[>ds ! s\? /ret*$ *a9s ( %ift+ s&- dunes1 sep>at+ t depression f ! la/ foo?ills ( ,enn$i1 :ile to ! nor? ext5d$ endless rocky t]races1 9 :i* 7 holl[$ "h & !re bas9s ( #a or #b squ>e miles1 wells ( wat] impregnat$ ) soda4 ,! ,holy ,w>4--,! ,turco-,s5\ssi/ propag&a aga9/ ! ,fr5* & ,engli% 0 beg9n+ to make its p]nici\s effects felt among ! nomads ( ,bork\ & ,enn$i4 ,! easy successes a*iev$ by ! rebels aga9/ c>avans & convoys unprotect$ by escorts _h j giv5 !m a great idea ( _! milit>y p[]1 & increas$ _! numb]s & audacity4 ,! )drawal t[>ds _! base ( ! ,italian =ces 9 ,tripoli1 & p>ticul>ly ! ab&onm5t ( ,m\rz\k1 :]e a ,s5\ssi/ gov]nor _h tak5 up 8 resid5ce1 _h inflam$ ! m9ds ( ! ,t\b\s1 ^: w>like ard\r _h nev] burnt s fi]cely3 x seem$ to !m likely t a backw>d movem5t ( ! ,fr5* occupy+ ,tibe/i1 ,bork\1 & ,enn$i w\ld spe$ly take place if _! commiss>iat l9es 7 s]i\sly ?reat5$ 9 ! direction ( ,lake ,*ad & ,wada4 ,turkey's entrance into ! w> on ! side ( ,g]many aga9/ ,france & ,engl& _h c\nt]balanc$ ! successes won ov] ! ,g]mans 9 ! ,cam]oons & deeply /irr$ ! imag9ations ( ^! dev\t ,mohamm$ans1 :o refus$ to recognize any o!r *ief ?an ! di/ant ,sultan ( ,/amb\l1 ,caliph ( ! ,prophet & ,comm&] ( ! ,fai?ful4 ,& "o aft] ano!r ! ,duzzas ( ,bork\1 ! ,g\ras ( ,g\ro1 ! ,arnas ( ,tibe/i1 & ! ,gadas ( ,enn$i fell f _! allegiance4 ,n[1 at t mom5t ! requirem5ts ( ! escort-s]vice = our convoys ( supplies 7 su* t out ( ! hundr$ & sixty m5 ( ea* ( my companies 9 ,bork\ & ,enn$i1 less ?an tw5ty rifles 7 sometimes left to gu>d ! po/s ( ,faya & ,fada4 ,x 0 h>dly be=e ! mon? ( ,april #aiae1 :5 ! food-transport 0 almo/ f9i%$1 t x became possible to rem$y ?is disp]sal ( our =ces & organize ! punitive exp$itions r5d]$ indisp5sable by ! incessant raids ( ! rebels4 ,t task 0 an awkw>d "o1 = we 7 %ort ( good camels & above all ( good ag5ts ( in=mation1 :ile our elusive adv]s>y 0 kept acqua9t$ ) our slighte/ movem5t by c]ta9 elem5ts ( ! population !oretically fai?ful to u4 ,x w\ld evid5tly h be5 too mu* = u to hope t we %\ld spe$ily obta9 ! submission ( ! malcont5ts1 giv5 ! v consid]able ext5t ( _! space = movem5ts ( all k9ds1 & also _! extreme mobility2 b we c\ld h5ce=? return bl[ = bl[1 *ase !m to _! m\nta9 lairs1 & give !m ! impression t1 aft] play+ = "s "t ! pleasant "p ( hunt]s1 !y 7 h5ce=? go+ to play ! mu* less pleasant "o ( game4 ,"o aft] ano!r ,capta9s ,lauzanne & ,*teauvieux1 ,lieut5ants ,lafage & ,cal9on1 at ! head ( mix$ deta*m5ts ( regul> soldi]s & ,arab & ,t\b\ auxili>ies1 made _! way into ! wilde/ fa/nesses ( ,ea/]n ,tibe/i1 ,bork\1 & ,enn$i4 ,capta9 ,lauzanne1 9 p>ticul>1 succe$$ 9 track+ ! ,g\rmas into ! di/ant solitudes ( ,ouri1 #bjj miles nor? ( ,g\ro1 at ! foot ( ! ea/]n spurs ( ! ,tibe/i1 & aft] !m _! c\s9s ! ,k\ssadas into ! v crat] ( ,emi ,k\ssi1 till !n reg>d$ z impregnable4 ,! fame ( ^! two exp$itions 0 nois$ abroad 9 ! c\ntry to su* an ext5t t by ! end ( ! mon? ( ,july ! g5]al situation ( ,bork\ _h greatly improv$1 & we c\ld turn our ?\ghts to ! consolidation ( our pre/ige by an (f5sive action aga9/ ! rebels ( ,miski1 & by a junction ( our troops ) ^? ( ,z\> & ,b>da1 ! two milit>y po/s entru/$ ) ! sup]vision & pacification ( we/]n & c5tral ,tibe/i4 #g4 ,exploration ( ,tibe/i4 ,9 ! mon? ( ,septemb] #aiaf ,i 0 au?oriz$ to proce$ f ,bork\ to ,tibe/i = ! purpose ( gett+ 9 t\* ) ! rebel tribes :o int5d$ to attack ! c>avans fitt$ out 9 ,kanem & ,wada = ! c>ry+ ( supplies to ! g>risons ( ,bork\ & ,enn$i4 ,! g>rison ( ,tibe/i 0 to attempt1 to ! be/ ( its ability1 to co-op]ate ) ?is action 9 su* a way t ! ho/ile b&s1 ?reat5$ at once on ! s\?1 ! we/1 & ! nor?1 might ei!r be induc$ to submit or else to disp]se 9 ! ea/]n "p ( ! ,tibe/ian massif1 ! "p fur!/ away f ! region to be trav]s$ by our convoys ( supplies4 ,! rebels 7 comp>atively few 9 numb]--ab\t #bjjj combatants--& divid$ into clans liv+ 9 diff]5t regions2 b !y 7 ( extreme mobility1 well arm$1 & abundantly suppli$ ) ammunition4 ,_! tactics1 :i* 7 v skilful1 consi/$ 9 avoid+ on all occasions a fight 9 ! op51 9 hid+ 9 ! labyr9? ( _! well-nigh inaccessible rocks to fire at %ort range on ! enemy :5 he pass$ ne> en\gh1 9 decamp+ at top spe$ to hide aga9 a little fur!r on1 & s draw little gr\ps ( adv]s>ies 9 ! direction ( dea?- traps1 :]e ( c\rse well-plann$ ambuscades lay 9 wait = !m4 ,! /r5g? ( ! reconnoitr+ deta*m5t 0 =ty-f\r black soldi]s1 (fic]$ by f\r ,europeans--"o ( !m a doctor--& accompani$ by "s ?irty auxili>ies 7guides1 g\mi]s1#a camel driv]s1 & s]vants74 ,x c>ri$ food = two mon?s1 & ! b>rels & sk9s requir$ = ?ree days' wat]4 ,! tra9 includ$ ab\t #abj camels4 ,! m\nta9\s c\ntry to be cross$ set an extremely awkw>d problem3 _m po9ts :]e wat] w\ld h to be f\nd 7 (t5 h>d = ! camels to rea*4 ,pa/ure-gr\nds 7 r>e & scanty4 ,! tracks1 inexi/5t or deceptive1 w\ld n[ /ret* away across successive heaps ( %>p-edg$ pebbles1 & n[ twi/ & turn endlessly along w9d+ torr5t b$s1 deep sunk betwe5 %e] banks4 ,to cross f "o valley to ! next "o _h to climb a succession ( cliff l$ges1 ris+ ti] on ti] to sev]al hundr$ metres by ! m]e/ sugge/ion ( pa?s w9d+ along ! sides ( spurs =m$ by ! roll+ d[n ( dbris f above2 :5 ! slopes grew too /eep1 ! baggage _h to be c>ri$ up f "o %elf to ! next on m5's heads4 ,our camels1 us$ to ! easy go+ ( ! great s&y pla9s1 7 disc\rag$ by ! asp]ities ( ! %>p-angl$ rocks1 by ! n>r[ l$ges1 ! /eep & slipp]y /eps1 ! loose pebbles1 ! excessively %>p turns2 & s only %ort di/ances c\ld be cov]$ 9 spite ( long h\rs "u way & int5se fatigue4 ,x goes )\t say+ t we _h no sort ( map ( ^! unkn[n regions1 & t we 7 utt]ly at ! m]cy ( ! guides :om by good or evil =tune ! patrols put at our disposition4 ,accord+ly1 ! *oice ( our r\tes 0 dictat$ to u at once by ! necessity ( r$uc+ to a m9imum ! ef=ts & privations ( our camels & by t ( keep+ )9 ! limits famili> to our ord9>y & occasional guides4 ,x may be add$ t ! latt] %[$ ! utmo/ unwill+ness to lead u into regions :]e ! unsubdu$ tribes habitually take refuge2 = ^! tribes are 9 ! habit ( hold+ !m responsible1 on _! own heads & ^? ( ! memb]s ( _! families1 = all ! h>m & losses incurr$ :5 fights arise ) our deta*m5ts4 ,! g5]al plan ( ?is s]ies ( op]ations includ$1 fir/ ( all1 ! reconnoitr+ ( ,emi ,k\ssi1 an ext9ct volcano #cdjj metres high1 foll[$ by an inroad into ! valley ( ,miski1 ! usual meet+-gr\nd ( ! ,tibe/ian freeboot]s ?reat5+ ! roads to ,kanem4 ,! c5tral position ( ! valley is /r5g!n$ by ! natural %elt] af=d$ by high m\nta9s & almo/ impassable rocky foo?ills1 ?r\gh :i* lead only two defiles1 bo? ( !m long & dang]\s4 ,f ,miski ,i meant to make a rapid plunge into ! valley ( ,yebbi1 9 ! he>t ( c5tral ,tibe/i1 fir/ly to try to get into connection ) a deta*m5t ( ! g>rison ( ,b>dai1 & !n to make an attempt to rea* ! plateaux ( ,g\meur4 ,la/ly1 ,i ?\ght ,i might be able to get ov] on to ! we/]n slope ( ! massif1 explore its *ief valleys1 & effect a junction ) ! ,z\> camel corps be=e return+ to ,bork\4 ,i succe$$ 9 c>ry+ out ?is programme 9 its ma9 l9es1 except = ! op]ation 9 ! direction ( ,g\meur1 :i* _h to be replac$ at ! la/ m9ute by a reconnaissance pu%$ z f> z ! po/ ( ,b>dai4 ,i 0 away1 9 all1 = sev5ty-two days1 or b>ely a =tnight 9 excess ( my e/imate4 ,f ! ,pla9s ( ,bork\ to ! ,foot ( ,emi ,k\ssi4--,! "n ( ,bork\ is giv5 by geograph]s to ! gr\p ( l[-ly+ /ret*es ( c\ntry sep>at+ ! m\nta9 mass ( ,tibe/i f t ( ,enn$i2 x 0 conf9$ at fir/ to ! depression1 "s #aj kilometres wide by #ajj 9 l5g?1 t ext5ds f ea/ to we/1 f ,faya to ,a9 ,galakka4 ,?is holl[ 0 long fill$ by a lake1 ( :i* num]\s & conclusive traces are /ill f\nd3 b$s ( lake %ells1 :ole skeletons ( fi%es up to a y>d & half long1 calc>e\s cru/ cov]+ long /reaks ( rock1 plat=ms ( :ite clay m>k+ ! l9e ( flats :]e ! la/ pools left by ! wat]s ( ! =m] lake h held out longe/ be=e dry+ up1 & s =?4 ,?is lake 0 f$ by mighty wat]c\rses1 com+ d[n f ! m\nta9s ( ,tibe/i & ,enn$i2 x p\r$ its ov]fl[ ?r\gh ! valley ( ! ,jurab into ! ,kirri1 ! deepe/1 l>ge/1 & mo/ rec5tly dri$ up among ! anci5t lakes & l[l&s ( ! ,*ad4 ,f ,bork\ to ,emi ,k\ssi !re is a l>ge *oice ( r\tes4 ,! be/1 ow+ to ! numb] ( po9ts at :i* wat] & pa/urage may be f\nd1 is t :i* passes by way ( ,y>da to ,yono4 ,h]eab\ts we leave beh9d ! region ( ! oases *>act]iz$ by num]\s depressions 9 :i* wat] is f\nd close to ! soil 9 practically unlimit$ quantities1 9 wells less ?an a y>d deep & 9 salt pools4 ,f t po9t "o ent]s ! rocky zone :]e !re is no m wat] und]gr\nd1 b only natural ci/]ns =m+ res]voirs ) ! wat] t /reams d[n into !m1 & dries up a long] or %ort] "t aft] ! passage ( ! accid5tal ra9s t fill$ !m4 ,! g5]al look ( ! c\ntry is fairly uni=m4 ,x is a va/ s&/one plateau slop+ f nor? to s\?1 rav9$ ) n>r[ gullies runn+ 9 a g5]al direction f nor?-ea/ to s\?-we/1 & :i* are real riv]s ( s& 9 :i* ! %ift+ dunes pile !mselves up & ov]lap to ! po9t ( be+ impassable at times to lad5 bea/s ( burd54 ,?is direction1 f nor?-ea/ to s\?-we/1 be+ t ( ! prevail+ w9d 9 ,bork\1 ! p>allelism ( ^! gullies & ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! l&scape give col\r to ! supposition t !y 7 holl[$ out ( ! s&/one by ! erosive action ( ! dunes driv5 be=e ! w9d4 ,! rocky plateau is comm&$ at int]vals by a few blacki% peaks ( l[ relief1 among :i* ! mo/ noticeable are ^? ( ,kazz>1 ne> ,y>da1 #ge metres above ! surr\nd+ c\ntry2 ,olo*i1 ne> ,d\rk\1 #acj metres2 ,ehi ,k\rri1 ne> ,k\r\di1 #cej metres 9 relief4 ,f ! height ( ^! natural obs]vatories no?+ is to be se51 9 :atev] direction "o turns1 b va/ d>k-t9t$ expanses /rewn ) /ones1 :]e no sort ( topographical ord] c be disc]n$4 ,s confus$ & scatt]$ are ! rocky masses t ! impression !y leave is less t ( a sequ5ce ( alt]nat+ plateaux & valleys ?an ( a *aos ( disconnect$ reefs ris+ above a sea ( s&1 amid break]s ( bill[y dunes4 ,mu* go+ & com+ 0 ne$$ be=e ,i c\ld =m an exact notion ( ! physiognomy ( ^! regions1 = ! fact is t _! valleys are m or less block$1 at longi% int]vals1 by heaps ( rock debris & s&1 & s divid$ into a succession ( elongat$ holl[s communicat+ only by subt]ranean infiltration4 ,9 ^! holl[s may be f\nd1 "h & !re1 lay]s ( %ells t enable u to fix ! p]iod :5 !y 7 /ill und]wat] at a comp>atively rec5t & no d\bt ,quat]n>y epo*4 ,f place to place !re /ill exi/ p]man5t salt pools1 ( great] or less dep?1 & usually at ! foot ( ! cliffs t %ut 9 "s ( ^! valleys on ! ea/4 ,"o supposes t ! /rong back draughts ( ! nor?-ea/ w9d h ma9ly conc5trat$ _! action on ^? po9ts ( ! surface :]e ! s&/one 0 s(te/2 9 ! excavations ?us produc$ ! %eet ( subt]ranean wat] has be5 able to make its appe>ance 9 ! op5 air1 & "u ! influ5ce ( a p]si/5t evaporation1 due to ! extreme dryness ( ! air & ! int5sity ( ! sol> heat1 ! salts 9 solution 9 ! wat] h und]gone a progressive conc5tration1 sometimes to ! po9t ( float+ on ! surface ( ! pool ) ! appe>ance ( transluc5t blocks ( ice4 ,hav+ left ,faya on ,septemb] #d we arriv$ on ! #aa? at ! foot ( ,emi ,k\ssi1 #abe miles to ! nor?1 pass+ on our way by ,kor\ ,koranga1 :]e we r5ew$ our supply ( wat]4 ,! spot is "o ( ! mo/ picturesque ,i saw dur+ ?is j\rney to ,tibe/i2 x is a natural ci/]n holl[$ by ! action ( ! fall+ wat]s 9 ! deep & n>r[ b$ ( ! wadi ,elleboe1 a torr5tial riv] t comes d[n f ,emi ,k\ssi4 ,! way to x lies ?r\gh a defile m ?an a mile long1 s n>r[ t two m5 _c walk abrea/4 ,! wat] lies at ! bottom ( a grotto1 d>k 9 spite ( be+ op5 to ! sky1 & ^: walls w9d 9 & out 9 su* a way t n only ! dry+ des]t w9ds _c get to x1 b t ev5 ! sun's rays only p5etrate to x = a few m9utes ea* day ab\t noon1 & only get d[n to ! level ( ! wat] dur+ ,may & ,july1 :5 ! sun rea*es ! local z5i?4 ,i _h nei!r ! "t nor ! means to measure ! l5g? & dep?1 ! approa* betwe5 precipit\s walls be+ s difficult2 b ! supply ( wat] is su* t ! ci/]n has nev] be5 dry s long z ! guides c rememb]1 h[ev] long may h be5 ! dr\ght dur+ :i* ! torr5t has ceas$ to fl[2 ! wat] /ays cle>1 cool1 & pleasant to ! ta/e1 )\t ! slighte/ salty flav\r4 ,! ci/]n ( ,d]so1 on ! contr>y1 at ! foot ( ,emi ,k\ssi1 ne> ! pa/urage ( ,yono1 is broad1 spaci\s1 & subject to ! dry+ action ( sun & w9ds2 a score ( y>ds deep1 x is easy to get at2 b its gre5i% wat]1 /agnant & ?ick ) organic matt]1 has to be filt]$ be=e x c be drunk )\t disgu/1 & a p]iod ( twelve or fifte5 mon?s' dr\ght is usually en\gh to dry x up altoge!r4 ,asc5t ( ,emi ,k\ssi4--,9 all probability ! rebels ( ! regions we _h j come ?r\gh _h )drawn t[>ds _! /rongholds on ! top ( ,emi ,k\ssi4 ,a light deta*m5t 0 s5t out to make sure t ?is 0 s1 :ile ! great] numb] ( our camels 7 left to re/ 9 ! pa/urage ( ,yono1 :]e ,i _h a little z]iba built = ! /orage ( our baggage & provisions & ! security ( ! m5 ,i left to gu>d !m4 ,on ! morn+ ( ,septemb] #ac we betook ourselves to ! asc5t ( ! m\nta9 by a track /rewn ) b\ld]s1 ! gradi5t be+ fairly easy = ! fir/ five h\rs' m>*1 z f> z ! salt spr+s ( ,erra ,%\nga4 ,f t po9t x /iff5$1 & grew v /eep inde$ betwe5 #fjjj & #ijjj feet4 ,! la/ "p ( ! asc5t to ! entrance ( ! pass t leads into ! int]ior ( ! crat] requir$ ! utmo/ ef=t on ! "p ( our camels1 unaccu/om$ z !y 7 to ! go+ 9 m\nta9\s c\ntries4 ,sixte5 or eighte5 h\rs mu/ be all[$ to rea* ! summit ( ! anci5t volcano1 & "o does well to spread !m ov] two days if "o does n want to leave any camels on ! way4 ,! fir/ /age %\ld get "o to ,fada1 a little pa/urage at ! bottom ( a rav9e accessible to camels1 & :]e ! animals %\ld be all[$ to re/ & fe$4 ,aft]w>ds a fairly long halt %\ld be made at an altitude ( ab\t #fjjj feet1 to r5ew ! supply ( wat] at ! natural ci/]n ( ,lantai-,k\r\1 = !re is no hope ( f9d+ wat] 9 ! int]ior ( ! crat]2 ! op]ation is a long & toilsome "o1 = ! track lead+ to ! res]voir is inaccessible except to m54 ,along ! :ole way !re is h>dly any vegetation1 su* z !re is be+ conf9$ to deep rav9es1 almo/ always inaccessible1 except at ! pa/urage ( ,fada1 on acc\nt ( ! /eepness ( _! sides4 ,t[>ds ! foot ( ! m\nta9 only /unt$ plants are to be f\nd1 ) t9y leaves (t5 %>p5$ into ?orns2 :ile ne>] ! top ! b\ghs are ?ick]1 ! b>k t5d]]1 ! sap m abundant1 & ! leaves long] & gre5]4 ,no trees are to be f\nd on ,emi ,k\ssi 9 ! crat] itself2 on ! o!r h&1 ! h]bace\s vegetation is comp>atively abundant1 & m>k$ especially by ! 8er5di10 a yell[-fl[]$ plant rem9d+ "o ( ! ,/4 ,john's wort ( our regions4 ,we biv\ack$1 9 a good position = obs]v+ all ! approa*es1 9 ! mid/ ( ^! bright-hu$ fl[]s1 & ,i _c tell y ) :at fasc9at$ eyes we gaz$ on !m1 = none ( u _h se5 _! l = ?ree long ye>s4 ,! temp]ature 0 mild & cool l t ( a f9e spr+ 9 ,france2 b 9 ! cle> sky !re 7 no birds1 & ! sight ( ! sc[l+ cliffs ar\nd u soon broke ! *>m "u :i* our fancy w\ld h gladly l+]$4 ,we /ay$ only ?ree days 9 ! crat] ( ,emi ,k\ssi4 ,! aft]noon ( ! fir/ day 0 devot$ to ! exploration ( a pit1 #cjj y>ds deep & #b miles 9 diamet]1 :i* 0 once ! *imney ( ! volcano4 ,a va/ expanse ( c>bonate ( soda cov]s ! bottom1 :i* "o c rea* only by a v /eep pa?4 ,! second day 0 sp5t1 fir/ly 9 explor+1 bo? inside & out1 ! we/]n slopes ( ! crat]1 :]e !re is a natural ci/]n t enabl$ u to make a fre% provision ( wat]1 ?\gh ! track lead+ to ! res]voir is v p]il\s = ! camels2 & aft]w>ds 9 tak+ c]ta9 measurem5ts1 su* z ! height ( ! cliffs & ! dep? & ext5t ( ! c5tral pit1 call$ by ! natives ,era-,kohor1 or ,natron ,hole4 ,! ?ird day 0 giv5 up to explorations 9 sev]al directions1 :i* all[$ u to visit "s rec5tly ab&on$ troglodyte villages1 to capture two prison]s1 & to rea* ! summit ( ! nor!rn side ( ! volcano1 a po9t f :i* ! :ole ( ! ,tibe/ian m\nta9s c be se54 ,! ev5+s1 nights1 & morn+s 7 icy-cold1 ?\gh ! !rmomet] nev] fell bel[ freez+-po9t4 ,our camels1 tak5 aback by ! novelty ( ! grass (f]$ !m1 cropp$ x v sp>sely2 our provisions 7 giv+ out1 & ! rebels _h fl$ be=e our arrival into exceptionally difficult m\nta9\s tracts1 :]e we c\ld n dream ( foll[+ !m4 ,9 a ^w1 9 spite ( ! geographical int]e/ !re w\ld h be5 9 prolong+ our /ay on ! summit ( ,emi ,k\ssi1 :5 ! f\r? day came we _h to ?9k ab\t gett+ back to ,yono4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/eep ,,slopes ,,on ,,! ,,flank ,,( ,,emi ,,k\ssi1 ,,tibe/i ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,great ,,cliff1 ,,tibe/i ,illu/ration3 ,,natural ,,ci/]n ,,( ,,d]so ,,at ,,! ,,foot ,,( ,,emi ,,k\ssi ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,crat] ,,( ,,emi ,,k\ssi 7#cdjj m471 ,,tibe/i ,f ?is excursion on ! highe/ peak ( ! highe/ m\nta9 9 ! ,sah>a ,i br\ght away an abid+ impression ( wild magnific5ce1 & mo/ ( all :5 "o's ?\ghts g back to ! panorama ( ! ,tibe/ian m\nta9s4 ,!re may1 ,i fe>1 be some?+ ( presumption 9 attempt+ ev5 a %ort description2 /ill1 ,i w ask y\r p]mission to make a %ort extract f my di>y on ! day 9 "q3 84 4 4 ,cont9u+ our m>* nor?w>ds1 we soon rea* ! foot ( ! cliffs ( ! nor!rn wall1 :]e1 by a natural /aircase1 ne>ly #fjj feet 9 height1 "o c rea* ! ,tiribon pass1 ?r\gh :i* run ! difficult pa?s t lead to ,miski1 ,tozeur1 & ,g\meur4 8,9 front ( u ! volcano slopes /eeply d[nw>ds1 leav+ op5 to view ! ,tibe/ian massif ) ! endless succession ( po9ts ( its s]rat$ ridges outl9$ aga9/ ! sky & /ret*+ away out ( sight4 ,on our left ! crat]-wall loses itself 9 a confus$ mass ( rocks1 :ile on ! "r rise a numb] ( %>p peaks1 "o ( :i* seems to be ! culm9at+ po9t ( ?is "p ( ! r+ ( heights t %ut 9 ! volcano4 8,a la/ ef=t got u to ! top ( ?is l(ty summit1 #aj1jjj feet above ! sea1 :]e we f\nd a n>r[ plat=m /rewn ) b\ld]s1 ) big clu/]s ( r$ & lilac t9t$ fl[]s gr[+ 9 ! gaps betwe5 ! /ones4 ,toilsomely en\gh1 ,i manag$ to scramble on to ! highe/ rock1 & z ,i /ood on x1 !re lay be=e my eyes1 = ! fir/ "t1 ! my/]i\s ,tibe/ian *a9s t no explor] _h ev] gaz$ on yet 9 _! maje/ic entirety4 ,! gr&eur & beauty ( ! sight s f> outdid all ,i _h anticipat$ t ,i c\ld n turn my eyes f wat*+ ! h>moni\s hues ?r[n ov] ! l&scape by ! rays ( ! decl9+ sun4 ,! int5se cle>ness ( ! air made x easy to see di/9ctly ! remote/ peaks2 all ar\nd lay long ridges1 _! successive summits ris+ & fall+ 9 regul> po9ts l lace2 scatt]$ rocks1 deep gorges1 dizzy precipices1 jagg$ peaks4 ,ea* m\nta9 range1 ?\gh all 7 turn$ by ! sun to ! pure/ rose col\r1 _h its di/9ct %ade1 brighte/ 9 ! =egr\nd1 s(t5+ into mauve z di/ance melt$ into di/ance away to ! f> horizon4 8,ea/w>ds1 ! ,tibe/ian massifs fell by giant /eps ^: %>p-angl$ l9es1 blurr$ by ! fir/ %ad[s ( ! wan+ day1 ran into "o ano!r 9 inextricable tangles2 :ile to ! we/ ! m\nta9s bord]$ an endless pla91 a =bidd+ wa/e ( /ones1 ov] :i* brood$ & deep5$ a gloom t ?rew into beautiful contra/ ! rosy-mantl$ *a9s ^: l(ty summits so>$ into a sky ( calm & exquisite blue40 ,te>+ myself away1 n )\t reluctance1 f ! dreamy fancies call$ up by all ^! glories1 ,i made ha/e to take a few obs]vations ) compass & !rmomet] & make a few notes4 ,! ,tibe/ian reliefs appe>$ to me to be includ$ 9 a "r angle1 ! apex ( :i* is m>k$ by ! volcano1 & ! two sides by ! directions ,w4,n4,w4 & ,n4,n4,e42 su* be+ ! case1 ! appe>ance ( ,tibe/i 0 totally diff]5t f :at ,i _h till !n suppos$ x to be1 on ! /r5g? ( ! /atem5ts put =w>d by ! explor] ,na*tigal4 ,! re/ ( my j\rney 0 to af=d me ! opportunity ( unravell+ ! ske9s ( ! succession ( ranges1 ^: app>5t position & ext5t ,i c\ld n[ approximately fix4 ,on ,septemb] #ah1 t[>ds noon1 we /ruck camp1 to g d[n aga9 into ! pla9 by ! r\te we _h foll[$ on our upw>d m>*4 ,:ile ! camels1 we>y & emaciat$1 7 pa9fully climb+ ! slopes ( ! pass lead+ out ( ! volcano1 ,i took a la/ all-embrac+ look at ?is huge crat]1 #aj1jjj feet above ! sea2 few o!rs 9 ! _w are s imm5se1 = x is #e miles wide & #h miles long1 & looks l a gigantic funnel1 almo/ elliptical 9 outl9e1 #be miles r\nd & #hjj y>ds deep2 on all sides x is %ut 9 by a ramp>t ( unbrok5 wall1 ris+ %e] almo/ ev]y:]e = #ejj or #fjj feet1 & :i* c be got ov] only at two po9ts1 by op5+s t are v h>d to rea*4 ,beh9d ?is trem5d\s natural bulw>k1 #bjj or #cjj ,k\ssadas live mis]ably1 aft] ! mann] ( cave-dwell]s1 divid$ into two clans1 & possess+ only a few camels1 asses1 & goats1 & a small numb] ( date palms 9 ! neighb\rhood ( a few b>ely accessible spr+s disp]s$ "h & !re ab\t ! out] slopes ( ! volcano4 ,_! /aple food is a wild h]b1 ! 8,m\ni10 t gr[s among ! rocks1 & yields a co>se fl\r t looks l coal-du/2 & 9 ! pla9s at ! foot ( ,emi ,k\ssi !y collect ! se$s ( a sort ( bitt] g\rd1 ! 8hamdal10 :i* become eatable aft] und]go+ a long prep>ation int5d$ to take away _! extremely bitt] ta/e4 ,at times !y procure meat by hunt+ ! 8,mes*i10 a k9d ( wild %eep :i* is only to be met ) 9 ! high m\nta9s1 & ( :i* ?r\gh\t my j\rney ,i did n see a s+le specim54 ,!y are suppli$ ) /uffs1 arms1 & ammunition by ! ,s5\ssi/s ( ,k\fra1 to :om1 pr(it+ by ! cool season1 !y br+ goats 9 ex*ange2 b ! great] "p ( _! scanty res\rces comes f ! brig&age !y practis$ until q rec5tly1 ) m or less success1 on ! r\tes t lead f ,kanem to ,bork\ & ,bilma4 ,untir+ on ! look-out1 ?\gh n p>ticul>ly brave fight]s1 !y succe$$ 9 keep+ up an unremitt+ wat* on our movem5ts dur+ our exploration1 & 9 ?is way !y 7 able to get possession ( "o ( our camels1 too tir$ to keep up ) u :5 we came d[n aga9 t[>ds ! pa/ure-l& ( ,yono4 ,we got back to our biv\ac on ,septemb] #bj1 & ,i _h to /ay !re ne>ly a week to let ! camels recup]ate & to give !m "t to get bett] ( ! w\nds to _! feet caus$ by ! %>p edges ( ! b\ld]s !y _h _h to walk on dur+ t exp$ition4 ,i sp5t ! week's re/ 9 mak+ calculations drawn f my diff]5t obs]vations1 & 9 explor+ ! hot spr+s ( ,yi-,erra1 highly e/eem$ 9 ! :ole region = _! m$ic9al virtues4 ,_! temp]ature is #ajje ,fahr4 7#cha ,c5t471 & _! fl[ ( wat] by no means abundant4 ,!y c only be approa*$ on foot & by a difficult pa?1 9 ab\t an h\r3 _! altitude is #cajj feet above ! sea4 ,c5tral ,tibe/i4--,:5 our camels _h _h a re/ & fe$ 9 ! pa/ure-l&s ( ,yono1 ,i decid$ to transf] my qu>t]s to ! great valley ( ,miski1 #ajj miles fur!r nor?1 skirt+ ! we/]n foot ( ,emi ,k\ssi4 ,?is valley ( ,miski is "o ( ! mo/ important ( ! ,tibe/ian massif1 n 9 ! matt] ( its alim5t>y products1 :i* h>dly exi/1 b f a milit>y po9t ( view1 = ! ,tibe/ian rebels use x z a conv5i5t meet+-place f :i*--) no great difficulty & )\t our k--!y c attack our s\!rn & we/]n l9es ( communication4 ,9 ! c\rse ( our m>* 7betwe5 #be ,septemb] & #a ,octob] #aiae7 our patrols _h a few small engagem5ts ) ! rebels1 & "s prison]s 7 tak5 :o suppli$ u ) useful in=mation3 ! ,t\b\s1 in=m$ t our exp$ition 0 on ! m>*1 7 ga!r+ _! crop ( dates--?\gh ! dates 7 n fully ripe--& meant to seek refuge #ajj miles fur!r nor?-ea/1 9 ! ,t>so ( ,ouri4 ,! pa/ure-l&s ( ,miski 7 already ab&on$ by ! rebels1 & s we 7 able to m>* )\t fight+ ?r\gh ! two long passes t comm& ! entrance to ! valley4 ,a numb] ( reconnoitr+ patrols %[$ u ! exactitude ( ! in=mation m5tion$ above1 except 9 respect ( ! palm plantation ( ,modra1 :]e ,lieut4 ,f\*'s deta*m5t1 consi/+ ( only fifte5 m51 _h to put up a pretty h>d fight 9 ord] to avoid be+ surr\nd$ & cut to pieces4 ,! sc>city ( food & ! jad$ condition ( "p ( my camels =c$ me at ?is po9t to divide my =ces & s5d "p ( !m back to ,bork\1 aft] plann+ a new r\te4 ,i rema9$ alone ) my secret>y & ?irty black soldi]s to g on ) my exploration ( ! he>t ( ! unkn[n ,tibe/i4 ,my aim 0 to effect a junction ) ! troops ( ,b>dai 9 ! valley ( ,yebbi1 & to explore ! gorges ( ,koz5 & ,g\meur 9 ! ea/ ( ! massif1 :]e sev]al rebelli\s tribes _h tak5 refuge4 ,i left ,miski on ,octob] #d1 & on ! #f? ,i rea*$ ! wat]%$ betwe5 ! bas9s ( ! ,*ad & ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,at sunset ,i rea*$ ! ,mohi pass1 #ejjj feet high1 b ! ga!r+ d>kness prev5t$ me mak+ z good use 7topographically speak+7 ( my pres5ce at ?is spot z ,i %\ld h be5 able to d if ,i _h arriv$ !re 9 full daylight4 ,9 t case1 ,i might h climb$ a comm&+ height ( app>5tly easy asc5t situat$ #b or #c miles ea/ ( ! pass1 f :i* position ,i %\ld h be5 able to grasp ! g5]al "* ( ?is orographic c5tre4 ,z x 01 ,i _h to cov] ! few miles t lay betwe5 u & ! palm plantations ( ,yebbi 9 complete d>kness1 p>tly 9 ! ev5+1 & p>tly on ! foll[+ morn+4 ,b ?r\gh a mi/ake made by ! guide x 0 only at half-pa/ six t we saw ! fir/ palm tree1 at ! bottom ( a d>k valley %ut 9 betwe5 almo/ v]tical walls f #gjj to #aejj feet high4 ,! l&scape on e side 0 inky black & beyond all expression desolate2 ! valley 0 cov]$ ) d>k b\ld]s1 gli/5+ 9 ! sun2 no trace ( gre5 c\ld be se51 except two ?9 l9es ( palms bord]+ a /agnant wat]c\rse h>dly a doz5 y>ds wide4 ,high m\nta9s 7 visible to ! ea/1 ris+ 7s f> z ,i c\ld judge7 to #fjjj or #gjjj feet4 ,to get d[n to ! bottom ( ! valley !re 0 only a n>r[ track litt]$ ) %>p blocks1 on :i* our camels did n "k :]e to set _! feet4 ,! vangu>d t cov]$ our toilsome desc5t 0 already ex*ang+ %ots ) ! ,t\b\s1 b 0 f9ally able to get possession ( ! palm grove2 t[>ds #i o'clock we c\ld pit* our t5ts1 ) no m fight+ to d4 ,a few goats & donkeys 7 our only booty4 ,b soon !re appe>$ ?ree prison]s1 almo/ nak$1 ^: pitiable physical condition 0 /rangely 9 keep+ ) ! appall+ wret*$ness ( a l&scape t "o might h tak5 = a vision ( hell4 ,!y 7 mis]able slaves1 /ol5 by ! ,t\b\s dur+ _! =ays aga9/ ! inhabitants ( ,kanem & ,wadai4 ,_! /ate ( m9d 0 no bett] ?an t ( _! bodies1 & !re 0 little to be got out ( !m ab\t ! c\ntry & its inhabitants4 ,at any rate1 !y enabl$ u to une>? a few hid+-places :]e we f\nd "s dates1 a great boon to ! memb]s ( ! exp$ition1 ^: rations 7 gr[+ daily %ort]4 ,t[>ds #aa o'clock a ,t\b\ envoy came1 s5t by ! rebels to make t]ms = _! submission2 ,i (f]$ v easy ones1 & treat$ !m ) consid]ation4 ,aft] half an h\r's int]view1 ,i s5t him back to ! rebels on ^: behalf he _h come1 b wait$ 9 va9 = 8 return till ev5+4 ,t[>ds five 9 ! aft]noon ,i /ruck camp to seek a biv\ac = ! night1 9 a bett] position ?an ! dea?-trap :]e we _h sp5t ! aft]noon1 & we halt$1 9 complete d>kness & )\t light+ fires1 on a rocky plat=m t gave u #cjj or #djj y>ds ( op5 gr\nd to fire ov] on all sides4 ,?anks to ^! measures1 we 7 able to sp5d ! re/ ( ! night 9 peace4 ,next day we w5t a little fur!r d[n ! valley 9 se>* ( pa/urage = our camels1 worn out ) hung] & fatigue2 _! condition left small hope ( und]tak+ ! excursion ,i _h plann$ 9 ! direction ( ,koz5 & ,g\meur1 f :i* we 7 /ill sep>at$ by two or ?ree ridges v difficult to cross1 & :]e--s at lea/ our prison]s said--nei!r pa/ure nor wat] c\ld be f\nd 9 readily accessible situations4 ,:5 x is add$ t ,i _h no news ( ! ,b>dai deta*m5t :i* ,i _h hop$ to meet !re1 x w be und]/ood t ,i ?\ght be/ to advance 9 its direction two days' m>* fur!r we/1 into ! valley ( ,z\mri1 :]e ,i 0 in=m$ ( ! pres5ce ( fri5dly tribes :o c\ld probably supply me ) "s in=mation ab\t its movem5ts4 ,^! two m>*es 7 v h>d on our animals4 ,to cross f "o valley to ! o!r we _h to make our way up a we>isome succession ( rav9es & /eep slopes1 "o ( :i*1 on ! sides ( a spur ( a precipit\s cliff1 co/ ! deta*m5t a h>d piece ( "w 9 mak+ a flight ( r\gh /eps up :i* ! camels1 ?\gh completely unload$1 _h ! utmo/ difficulty 9 climb+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,i _h ! good luck to see be=e me1 on ! ea/ & nor?-ea/1 a va/ horizon ( m\nta9s :i* ext5d$ & confirm$ ! obs]vations made on ! summit ( ,emi ,k\ssi1 & made c]ta9 t ! ,tibe/ian massif1 f> f be+ limit$ to ! simple m\nta9 *a9 hi!rto m>k$ on ! maps ( ,africa1 /ret*$ away = m ?an #ajj miles into ! int]ior ( ! ,lybian des]t4 ,dur+ ! two h\rs requir$ = ! h>d climb up ?is cliff ,i kept on tak+ obs]vations ( ! num]\s summits visible 9 ! limpid di/ances ( t ocean ( rocks1 summits t seem$ to rise l a succession ( l&m>ks along ea* ( two or ?ree long ridges 9 %>p & jagg$ peaks1 equal 9 bulk & p]haps 9 height ) ^? ( ! great we/]n *a91 ( :i* a few outl9es appe>$ 9 ! gaps betwe5 ! ne>] ranges4 ,b 9 face ( ?is accumulation ( l(ty peaks ,i felt a bitt] vexation1 a sort ( res5tm5t aga9/ my own littl5ess & p[]lessness to set 9 ord] _! app>5t *aos4 ,= x w\ld h ne$$ _m a long excursion made ) two or ?ree fre% camel-tra9s1 & a fur!r provision ( supplies1 to enable me to /raight5 out ! seem+ tangle ( ^! valleys & ! confus+ int]section ( ! hills4 ,t[>ds eight o'clock 9 ! morn+ we resum$ our we/w>d m>*1 skirt+ on ! nor? an isolat$ m\nta9 m ?an #hjjj feet high1 ! ,toh de ,z\mri1 :i* by its conical outl9e & ! circul> %ape ( its top looks l an old volcano1 a supposition ,i _h n "t to v]ify4 ,our r\te cross$ num]\s tracks conv]g+ t[>ds ! m\nta9s1 :i* 7 us$ z a refuge by l>ge numb]s ( ,tda rebels1 subjects ( ! =m] ,dorde ( ,b>dai1 ^: revolt 0 aid$ by ! enc\ragem5t & ! supplies ( arms & ammunition furni%$ by ! ,turco-,s5\ssi/s4 ,next day1 ,octob] #aa1 we ent]$ ! valley ( ,z\mri by a pass #dhjj feet high1 & t[>ds t5 o'clock we biv\ack$ ne> ! palm plantation ( ,y\nti\1 :]e ,i 0 hop+ to meet ) fri5dly ,tdas :o w\ld put me 9 t\* ) ! comm&] ( ! ,b>dai po/4 ,un=tunately ! village 0 des]t$4 ,?is fre% disappo9tm5t caus$ me little or no surprise2 ,i expect$ my com+ to ,miski & !nce to ,yebbi to be kn[n by all ! hillm51 & t our skirmi%es ) ! rebels w\ld h be5 relat$ ) no small exagg]ation z mighty combats2 /ill1 ,i felt t ,i 0 too ne> ! goal to give up ! attempt to rea* x1 s ,i s5t out patrols to sc\r ! neighb\rhood & especially to capture a few ,tdas :o c\ld guide me t[>ds ,b>dai4 ,pres5tly an old woman 0 br\ght to me1 gaunt1 /oop+1 & half crippl$1 b ) intellig5t eyes4 ,aft] long retic5ce %e confid$ to me t %e 0 ! "m ( ! *ief ( t village1 & t h] son _h gone ov] to ! ,fr5* a few weeks e>li]4 ,mess5g]s _h come dur+ ! two prec$+ days1 ann\nc+ ! com+ ( an exp$ition f ,bork\1 & :5 t morn+ ! wat*]s saw our camels at ! summit ( ! pass1 all ! ,tdas--m51 wom51 & *ildr5--fl$ panic-/rick5 into ! neighb\r+ rocks2 %e alone _h rema9$ hidd5 9 ! palm plantation1 because %e said %e 0 too feeble to foll[ !m & too old to be afraid ( dea?4 ,i calm$ h] fe>s ab\t my int5tions z be/ ,i c\ld1 tell+ h] t all ! ,tdas :o submitt$ to ,fr5* au?ority c\ld c\nt on my good w1 & urg+ h] to br+ me h] son z soon z %e c\ld1 promis+ h] t %e %\ld be treat$ ) fri5d%ip & consid]ation2 b z ,i _h to cont9ue my j\rney to ,b>dai z soon z possible1 %e mu/ und]/& t ,i %\ld be oblig$ to procure guides by =ce if ,i c\ld n get !m o!rwise4 8,y %all h a guide to take y to ,b>dai10 %e said1 8&1 if x please ,allah1 )\t ne$+ to use y\r guns2 ,i w g & tell my son40 ,soon aft] !re came up a little man ) ! same intellig5t eyes1 "y & timid look+4 ,he h&$ me ! c]tificate ( submission giv5 him only a few days be=e by ! (fic] comm&+ ! ,fr5* =ces 9 ,tibe/i4 ,aft] a fairly long talk he decl>$ himself ready to s]ve me1 b begg$ me n to insi/ on try+ to get any o!r m5 ( 8 village1 = !y 7 grimly det]m9$ to /ay 9 _! hid+-places4 ,i tru/$ him1 & 0 rew>d$ = do+ s1 = he /ay$ at my disposition upw>ds ( a week1 & ?anks to 8 k ( ! c\ntry ,i 0 able to g on ) my exploration z rapidly z possible1 & to collect int]e/+ geographical in=mation ab\t ! regions t lay (f ! track ( my j\rney4 ,to g to ,b>dai we _h only to foll[ ! s&y b$ ( ! dri$-up riv]1 along :i* f "t to "t we pass$ by palm plantations & villages1 ! headm5 ( :i* came to bid me welcome1 plead+ _! pov]ty z an excuse = n (f]+ me ! cu/om>y pres5ts4 ,aft] twelve h\rs' m>*1 :5 ,i _h j pass$ ?r\gh ! village ( ,z\i1 ,i met ,lieut4 ,blaizot1 comm&+ ! troops ( ,tibe/i1 com+ on foot to meet & welcome me & to express 8 regret t he _h n be5 able1 = want ( camels1 to come to ,z\mri & ,yebbi to help me aga9/ ! rebels4 ,to see him & to li/5 to 8 voice z he spoke 7 a great joy to me4 ,9 spite ( all difficulties1 ,i _h j effect$ ! junction s long desir$ betwe5 ! troops ( ,bork\ & ^? ( ,tibe/i2 9 a few m m9utes ,i 0 go+ at la/ to ent] ! palm plantation ( ,b>dai t ,i _h be5 dream+ ( see+ = tw5ty ye>s1 ev] s9ce ,i _h read 9 ,na*tigal's impressive /ory ( 8 travels ab\t ! difficulties he _h to get ov] 9 ord] to ent] x =ty-six ye>s be=e1 & above all to get out ( x alive4 ,on ! way ,i _h be5 able to make a mass ( obs]vations1 topographical1 geodetic1 & hypsometric1 & to fix ) a v satisfactory degree ( precision ! situation & height ( ! *ief summits ( ! great we/]n *a9 t ,na*tigal _h only be5 able to locate by guesswork1 & (t5 )\t hav+ ev5 se5 !m4 ,at ,b>dai1 :]e ,i arriv$ on ,octob] #ac a little be=e noon1 ,i /ay$ only tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 = ,i 0 9 a hurry to get back to ,miski1 :]e ! little deta*m5t left 9 *>ge ( ! brok5-d[n camels & ( my la/ res]ves ( food mu/ h be5 9 a situation ( "s insecurity s9ce ! #aj?4 ,dur+ ! aft]noon ( ! #ac? ,i 0 able to exam9e 9 detail ) ! comm&] ( ! g>rison ! v>i\s que/ions reg>d+ ! means ( comb9+ ! ef=ts ( ! troops ( ,bork\ & ^? ( ! ,tibe/i aga9/ ! rebels4 ,! night hav+ be5 fav\rable to my a/ronomical obs]vations & ! morn+ to measurem5ts ( angles on ! pr9cipal peaks visible f ,b>dai1 ,i _h be5 able 9 t %ort space ( "t to collect all ! ess5tial elem5ts ne$$ = fix+ on ! map ) satisfactory exactitude ! position ( ! mo/ important po9ts ( ,c5tral ,tibe/i4 ,! geographical int]e/ ( my j\rney to ,b>dai did n consi/ solely 9 ! discov]y1 to ! ea/ ( ! great *a9 trav]s$ by ,na*tigal1 ( m\nta9s ^: exi/5ce _h n previ\sly be5 suspect$2 x 0 greatly enhanc$ by ! fact t my obs]vations correct$ s]i\s errors ( position & altitude committ$ by ! fam\s ,g]man explor] on ! it9]>y he foll[$ amid s _m h>d%ips4 ,?us1 = example1 9 ! site ( ,b>dai !re is an error ( #ej miles 9 latitude & #cj 9 longitude2 x is ne>] #cjjj ?an #bejj feet above sea-level2 ! height ( ! peaks ( ,t\ssid & ,timi is z mu* z #aj1jjj feet2 ! "n ( ,t>so1 :i* ,na*tigal re/ricts to ! massif he trav]s$1 is a g5]al t]m appli$ by ! ,tibe/ians to all m\nta9\s regions consi/+ ( high plateaux difficult ( access1 b on :i* ! go+ is easy :5 once "o has climb$ to ! top4 ,la/ly1 to ! ea/ ( ,b>dai1 in/ead ( ! great zone ( pla9s %[n on ! maps !re lies a succession ( important massifs ! culm9at+ po9t ( :i* rises z high z #hjjj feet above ! sea4 ,refus+1 albeit ) extreme reluctance1 to li/5 to ! urg5t insi/5ce ( my amiable ho/ ,lieut4 ,blaizot1 ,i left ! po/ ( ,b>dai on ! ev5+ ( ,octob] #ad1 & by a moonlight m>* la/+ almo/ all night ,i 0 able to get back on ! #ae? to my biv\ac at ,y\nti\ to make ! obs]vations1 a/ronomical & o!r1 requisite = *eck+ ^? ( ! previ\s days2 f t po9t ,i c\nt$ on return+ to ,miski1 n by ! already reconnoitr$ r\te pass+ ?r\gh ,yebbi1 b by ! ,modra r\te ly+ fur!r we/1 :i* 0 to af=d me ! opportunity ( reconnoitr+ ano!r passage4 ,b a piece ( news _h j come :i* v mu* upset my ,tda guide ,mohamm$3 !re _h be5 fight+ 9 ! ,modra valley betwe5 ! ,bork\ troops & ! hillm51 & he _h v little fancy = guid+ me ?r\gh t region1 :]e my deta*m5t w\ld presumably h to fight its way by ma9 =ce4 ,= me1 on ! contr>y1 x 0 a fur!r reason = insi/+ on go+ !re ) all spe$1 9 ord] to af=d my companions1 if ne$ 01 ! help ( ! ?irty rifles ( my deta*m5t4 ,mohamm$ all[$ himself to be conv9c$ by ! promise ( a suitable rew>d1 & by ! use ( c]ta9 out] & visible signs indicat+ cle>ly t he did n guide me ( 8 own free w3 he adju/$ a cord loosely r\nd 8 neck1 & "o ( my black soldi]s seiz$ hold ( ! o!r end4 ,9 ! eyes ( 8 own p 8 ,tda hon\r 0 safe1 & 8 responsibility = ! consequ5ces ( ! subsequ5t proce$+s r$uc$ to vani%+-po9t4 ,mohamm$ guid$ u to p]fection2 ! *a9 0 cross$ on ! second day by ! pass ( ,kidomma at an altitude ( m ?an #fjjj feet1 & on ! ev5+ ( ! ?ird day1 aft] a v tir+ m>*1 we rea*$ ! po9t :]e ! track leaves ! plateau to g d[n into ! bottom ( ! ,modra valley4 ,we got d[n a fir/ drop ( "s #fj y>ds )\t v mu* tr\ble1 9 spite ( ! qu>t]s ( %>p-edg$ rock t roll$ "u ! hesitat+ feet ( our camels4 ,!n1 aft] p]haps a ?ird ( a mile ( almo/ level go+1 ,i sudd5ly came 9 sight ( ! palm plantation ( ,modra ly+ at ! bottom ( a d>k n>r[ gorge deep sunk5 betwe5 two almo/ v]tical walls m ?an #aejj feet high4 ,i 0 n )\t uneas9ess at ?is sight1 & came )9 a v little ( ?9k+ t ! wor?y ,mohamm$ _h delib]ately lur$ me into "s trap :5 he _h said to me3 8,! desc5t into ! ,modra valley is r difficult1 b good camels c get d[n40 ,! desc5t into ! valley ( ,yebbi1 :i* ,i _h f\nd s ardu\s elev5 days previ\sly1 seem$ to me n[ q a reasonable sort ( desc5t comp>$ ) ?is "o4 ,already ! valley 0 e*o+ ) ! reports ( rifles2 "h & !re ,i saw ,t\b\s climb+ ! cliff-sides l goats & /opp+ n[ & !n to fav\r u f af> ) noisy b h>mless %ots1 & vigor\s volleys ( bad language m h>mless /ill4 ,!re be+ no conceivable alt]native to consid] we _h to g =w>d4 ,cov]$ by an advanc$ gu>d t return$ ! ,t\b\s' fire ) a fusillade ( d\btful efficacy1 & by a re>-gu>d t wat*$ ! po9ts f :i* ! rebels c\ld h roll$ d[n tons ( rock on our heads1 we crawl$ d[nw>ds 9 a circumspect advance along a pa? t 0 no pa?--t clung to ! face ( a /eep cliff1 n[ plung+ %>ply d[nw>ds 9 %ort zigzags1 n[ hang+1 a n>r[ l$ge1 above ! abyss t[>ds :i* great /ones dislodg$ by our camels roll$ rumbl+ or leapt clatt]+ d[n f ti] to ti]4 ,! camels 7 fright5$2 !y _h to be l$ =w>d "o by "o1 & c\ld only be got r\nd corn]s ) _m /ripes & voluble curs+4 ,a little gr\p ( m5 w5t ahead ( !m1 ?ru/+ aside ! mo/ awkw>d blocks1 &1 :]e ! natural /eps 9 ! rock 7 too /eep1 lay+ flat /ones at ! foot s z to break !m 9 two4 ,! desc5t 0 s toilsome & s sl[ t at sunset we 7 only halfway d[n4 ,i _h to call a halt1 pr(it+ by a little rocky spur t af=d$ u a n>r[ rugg$ plat=m :]e we f\nd j room en\gh to make our camels kneel & to in/all our biv\ac4 ,! fir+ _h almo/ ceas$3 our advanc$ gu>d came 9 soon aft]w>ds aft] =c+ ! rebels to ab&on _! villages1 ! conical ro(s ( :i* c\ld be se5 %9+ 9 ! moonlight m t #djj feet bel[4 ,/ill fur!r d[n1 bel[ ! palms1 ran an invisible /ream1 =m+ a monoton\s wat]fall t we he>d murmur 9 ! neighb\r+ rocks4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,wat]-,,hole ,,9 ,,tibe/i ,illu/ration3 ,,fir/ ,,buttresses ,,( ,,! ,,massif ,,( ,,tibe/i ,above our heads little patrols1 reliev$ f h\r to h\r1 kept wat* on ! upp] slopes f :i* ! ,t\b\s might h s5t undesirable avalan*es roll+ into our camp4 ,! n>r[ b& ( sky t we c\ld see 0 fill$ ) %9+ />s1 by :i* ,i c\ld make ! obs]vations ne$$ = calculat+ ! po9t :]e we _h /opp$4 ,! night pass$1 calm & sil5t1 & next morn+1 aft] an h\r & a half ( fre% ef=ts1 we 7 able to take up our qu>t]s quietly on ! banks ( ! /ream4 ,aft] :i* ! excell5t ,mohamm$1 hav+ receiv$ ! promis$ rew>d1 took leave ( u to return to 8 palm grove at ,y\nti\4 ,b 8 prud5ce l$ him to take q ano!r r\te1 accessible only to m5 & goats4 ,all ! luggage he c>ri$ 0 a little sk9 bottle half full ( wat] hang+ f 8 "r %\ld]1 toge!r ) a t9y bag conta9+ a few h&fuls ( dates & ab\t a p\nd ( millet fl\r4 ,on 8 left %\ld]1 sw++ triumphantly f ! two ends ( 8 /aff1 7 two f9e l>ge-siz$ biscuit t9s t glitt]$ 9 ! sun & res\nd$ l beat5 gongs :5ev] !y knock$ aga9/ ! corn] ( a rock4 ,t\b\s 9 small numb]s /ill %[$ !mselves on ! cliff-sides1 b did n wait = ! patrols ,i s5t to p>ley ) !m4 ,aft] a few h\rs sp5t 9 wat]+ ! camels & 9 fill+ our b>rels & sk9 bottles1 we resum$ our r\te t[>ds ,miski4 ,! little riv] ( ,modra ran h>dly m ?an a mile fur!r d[n ! valley1 & ! dry b$ ( ! torr5t1 at fir/ litt]$ ) b\ld]s1 soon turn$ into a f9e w9d+ road ( s& f #bjj to #cjj y>ds wide4 ,tw5ty miles fur!r on we _h to leave ! riv]-b$ & plunge into a *aos ( little ridges ( s*i/1 int]sect$ by n>r[ valley-ways lead+ into valleys t came d[n f neighb\r+ high m\nta9s ( an altitude exce$+ #ijjj feet3 our camels _h mu* tr\ble 9 mak+ headway among %>p edges ( slaty rock upturn$ almo/ v]tically4 ,!y zigzagg$ f pass to pass1 climb+ /eep slopes1 dropp+ into rocky rav9es1 beyond :i* fre% ridges sep>at$ by fre% rav9es rose 9 endless succession4 ,at la/ on ! #ba/1 v e>ly 9 ! morn+1 we came out into ! wide flat valley ( ,miski1 :]e we made a brief halt to all[ ! /raggl]s to come 94 ,all our camels 7 !re except "o1 & ,i may say t ,i felt mu* satisfaction at hav+ succe$$ 9 br++ !m back to ! />t+-po9t aft] ?is toilsome fly+ exp$ition ( m ?an #cjj miles1 c>ri$ out 9 sev5te5 days 9 ! unkn[n & exceptionally difficult m\nta9 region ( :i* ,i h tri$ to give y z closely exact a description z ,i c4 ,= ano!r #ae miles we pursu$ our way 9 ! great valley ( ,miski1 ( an av]age wid? ( #d to #e miles1 f9d+ x pleasant to look once m on ! well-kn[n l&scape ( peaks1 domes1 & cliffs ( ! ,t>so ,k\ssi4 ,! cle>ness ( ! air 0 su* t all ^! m\nta9s seem$ to be )9 walk+ di/ance1 & t 9 ?is va/ b>e bas9 :]e n a brea? ( air /irr$ & :]e ! sun blaz$ 8 hotte/1 we _h ! impression ( m>*+ )\t mak+ any progress1 s un*ang+ did ! p]spective rema94 ,t[>ds #aj o'clock we f\nd ! fir/ siwak bu%es ) _! *>act]i/ic pepp]y smell1 & clumps ( hamal1 or bitt] melon1 ) _! dri$-up fruits2 !n1 a little fur!r on1 a few /unt$ & scatt]$ talhas1 a sort ( acacia4 ,at noon ,i got back at la/ to ! biv\ac :]e my secret>y 0 wait+ = me4 ,= five days1 s9ce ! dep>ture = ,bork\ ( ,lieut4 ,f\*'s deta*m5t1 he _h be5 left alone ) sev5 soldi]s & sev5 camel-driv]s to gu>d ! supplies & ! res]ve camels4 ,& :5 ,i ask$ him :e!r ! ,t\b\s _h n worri$ him dur+ t spell ( isolation1 he %[$ me 8 z]iba1 well organiz$ = def5ce1 ) c>tridge-boxes ready op5$1 & repli$ sadly1 8,no su* luck40 ,to console him = 8 long inactivity ,i put him 9 *>ge ( a patrol s5t aga9/ ,y\d\1 a palm plantation /ill held by rebels1 & ( :i* ! site 0 n kn[n2 b he _h n ! good =tune ( com+ to grips ) !m1 = ! al>m 0 giv5 by _! s5tries1 & !y drew (f nor?w>ds into a rocky c\ntry :]e we %\ld h _h mu* difficulty & lo/ a great deal ( "t 9 pursu+ !m4 ,none ! less1 ?is ru% ( #hj miles 9 less ?an =ty h\rs across ! awkw>d c\ntry ( ! ,t>so ,k\ssi foo?ills a*iev$ its purpose ( =c+ ! rebels to )draw & fix+ ! site ( ,y\d\ ) ! desir$ precision4 ,we/]n ,tibe/i4--,?us ! mo/ important "p ( my geographical & milit>y programme 9 ! ,tibe/i 0 c>ri$ to an end2 at no po9t _h ! ,t\b\s (f]$ a s]i\s resi/ance to our m>*1 9 spite ( ! magnific5t def5sive positions _! c\ntry af=d$ !m4 ,! mo/ unruly among !m _h fl$ away to ! nor?-ea/1 m anxi\s to get to a safe di/ance ?an to c>ry out _! aggressive s*emes aga9/ our convoys ( supplies2 ! re/1 beat5 (f at e enc\nt]1 _h let u explore _! wild valleys )\t subject+ u to any surprises1 :e!r 9 ! %ape ( ambuscades or ( ! capture ( camels 9 graz+-"t4 ,la/ly1 ! g5]al physiognomy ( ! ,tibe/ian massif 0 reveal$ ) suffici5t cle>ness by my v>i\s obs]vations1 & its real position det]m9$ ) all desirable precision4 ,x only rema9$1 be=e return+ to ,bork\1 to explore ! valleys ( ! we/]n slope1 & try to =m a junction ) ! camel corps ( ,z\>4 ,i accord+ly set out = ,tott\s1 an important wat] po9t #gj miles fur!r we/1 9 ! ,wadi ,dom> :]e x comes out ( ! la/ foo?ills ( ! ,tibe/i4 ,! di/ance 0 cov]$ 9 f\r days ) little tr\ble by foll[+ ! l[] valley ( ! ,wad ,miski1 ( :i* ,i 0 ?us enabl$ to cross 9 succession all ! tribut>ies on ! "r bank1 till !n unkn[n4 ,! (fic] 9 comm& ( ! ,z\> camel corps1 hav+ be5 in=m$ aft] my visit to ,b>dai t ,i 0 desir\s ( see+ him1 came to meet me1 & we rea*$ ,tott\s on ! same day4 ,he 0 accompani$ by ! *ief ( ! ,tomagras1 ! noble/ tribe among ! ,tda-t\s1 ! ag$ ,guetty1 :o _h made 8 submission to ! ,fr5* au?orities a few mon?s e>li]4 ,guetty 0 a h&some old man ) a :ite be>d & a sk9 less d>k ?an usual4 ,he 0 tall & regul> featur$1 b 8 ke5 sly face inspir$ me ) no great confid5ce2 he 0 suspect$ ( d\ble-deal+1 & ( supply+ ! rebels ) full] in=mation ab\t our movem5ts ?an u ab\t !irs4 ,dur+ two days we _h long conv]sations ab\t ! re/itution to _! families ( ! wom5 & *ildr5 t 8 fell[-tribesm5 _h c>ri$ (f 9 #aiac 9 ! c\rse ( a razzia on an ,arab tribe ( ,kanem2 b ! old rascal ei!r c\ld n or w\ld n fall 9 ) my wi%es1 decl>+ truly or falsely t ! luckless captives _h be5 sold z slaves & s5t away = ! mo/ "p to ! ,s5\ssi/s ( ,cyr5aica4 ,! ,return ,j\rney to ,bork\4--,! exhau/ion ( my camels _h rea*$ su* a po9t t ,i _h to /ay five days 9 ! graz+-gr\nds ( ,tott\s4 ,i pr(it$ by ! delay to explore ! c\rse ( ! ,wadi ,dom> = ab\t a score ( miles 9 company ( ! ,z\> camel corps1 :o 7 go+ back to _! /ation4 ,my food supplies1 :i* _h n be5 r5ew$ = two mon?s1 7 com+ to an end1 & ,i c\ld n fur!r prolong my excursions 9 ! valleys ( ,tibe/i4 ,besides1 ! great] "p ( ! rebels _h conc5trat$ 9 ! region ( ,abo1 at ! nor?- we/]n end ( ! massif1 twelve :ole days' m>* away f ,tott\s4 ,/>t+ on ,novemb] #d = ,faya1 by a r\te hi!rto unreconnoitr$1 we cov]$ #abj miles ( des]t 9 six days be=e rea*+ ! oasis ( ,kirdimi1 ne> ,a9 ,galakka1 by ! la/ & utmo/ ef=t our camels 7 capable (4 ,on ,novemb] #ab at nightfall ,i f\nd myself back 9 my po/ ( ,faya1 ^: /\t clay huts seem$ to me = a :ole week aft]w>ds1 if n absolutely ! la/ ^w1 at lea/ ! la/ ^w b "o ( com=t & civilization 9 ! he>t ( ! ,sah>a4 #h4 ,milit>y ,op]ations 9 #aiaf-aiag4 ,?is exploration ( ,tibe/i m>k$ ! end ( ! long j\rneys t _h be5 indisp5sable to ! acquisition ( a g5]al k ( ! va/ des]t regions plac$ "u my au?ority4 ,! calculation ( my num]\s obs]vations1 ! mak+ ( g5]al maps1 ! sett+ 9 ord] ( my notes ( travel1 & ! writ+ ( reports to be s5t to ! ,gov]nm5t occupi$ all my leisure 9 #aiaf4 ,!re 0 n mu* ( x1 by ! way1 = di/ant effects ( ! _w-w> 7 already beg9n+ to be felt 9 ,africa4 ,! ,gr& ,s5\ssi1 ,ahm$ ,%]if1 0 l5d+ a m & m will+ e> to ! sugge/ions ( ,n\ri ,bey's ,turco-,g]man mission1 & s5d+ "o emiss>y aft] ano!r to prea* revolt to ! diff]5t sultans responsible to ! ,fr5* & ,briti% au?orities2 8 exhortations 7 p>ticul>ly well receiv$ 9 ,d> ,f\r & 9 ! s\? ( ,wadai1 :]e ! ,engli% ,colonel ,kelly & ! ,fr5* ,colonel ,hilaire _h to d "s s]i\s fight+ be=e !y c\ld re/ore ord]4 ,9 ! des]t c\ntry ,i _h *>ge (1 ! unre/ _h become almo/ g5]al among ! nomads1 & my camel-corp patrols _h h>d "w to ma9ta9 ! regul>ity ( our communications3 !re 7 rum\rs ( a great exp$ition ( ,g]mans1 ,turks1 & ,s5\ssi/s1 ) cannon1 ma*9e-guns1 & five ?\s& fight+ troops1 :i* 0 said to be =m+ at ,k\fra to cross ! ,libyan des]t & drive ! ,fr5* f ,bork\1 ,tibe/i1 & ,enn$i4 ,we made sup]b def5sive prep>ations1 b no exp$ition>y =ce f ,k\fra ev] came2 :at did come to re9=ce ! rebels 7 brig&s & highway robb]s :o made ! roads unsafe1 & :om we _h to pursue 9 all directions m or less4 ,among ! mo/ rem>kable ( ! exp$itions ( ?is p]iod two des]ve special m5tion3 !y 7 l$ by ,adjutant ,amboroko1 an old black non- commission$ (fic] ^: en]gy1 c\rage1 & high _s won univ]sal admiration4 ,hav+ receiv$ ord]s to g 9 pursuit ( a /rong p>ty ( ,t\b\s comm&$ by ,mohamm$ ,erbeimi1 a p>ticul>ly dang]\s lead] ( raid]s :o _h j made a successful =ay 9 ,briti% t]ritory1 he began by cov]+ #acj miles 9 ?ree days4 ,!n = f\r days he patroll$ ! neighb\rhood ( ,tekro )\t be+ able to f9d any trace ( 8 enemy4 ,he le>nt1 h[ev]1 t ,mohamm$ ,erbeimi 0 encamp$ #acj miles fur!r ea/1 & aga9 cov]+ t di/ance 9 ?ree days1 he rea*$ ! well ( ,b9i ,erdi only to f9d t ! b& _h decamp$ two days e>li]1 foll[+ 9 ! opposite direction a r\te ne>ly p>allel to t by :i* he _h come4 ,all[+ 8 deta*m5t j "t en\gh to wat] _! camels & fill _! sk9- bottles1 he set out aga9 at once1 foll[+ ! tracks ( ! raid]s & =c+ ! pace6 ,! pursuit1 hott] & hott] z ! trail ( ! rebels grew fre%]1 la/$ fifty-"o h\rs1 two ( :i* only 7 all[$ = re/1 & he came into contact ) ! rebels at dead ( night4 ,unluckily1 ! b>k+ ( _! dogs gave ! al>m to ! enemy at ! la/ mom5t4 ,our m5 leapt d[n f _! camels & made a %>p & sudd5 attack on ! ,t\b\s1 :o _h n "t to organize _! def5ce & fl$ headlong into ! neighb\r+ rocks1 leav+ on ! gr\nd f\r kill$1 all _! camels1 & ! prison]s !y _h tak5 9 ,d> ,f\r4 ,"s "t aft]w>ds ,mohamm$ ,erbeimi made an attempt to get 8 rev5ge4 ,re9=c$ by a cont+5t ( ,s5\ssi/s f ,k\fra1 he organiz$ a fly+ column a hundr$ rifles /rong & flung x by a rapid m>* on our l9es ( communication betwe5 ,bork\ & ,wadai1 :]e our la/ supplies ( ! ye> 7 on _! way4 ,?anks to ! trea*]y ( a ,nakazza *ief1 he 0 able at daybreak to surprise "o ( our convoys on ! m>*4 ,?\gh ! escort c\nt$ only fifte5 rifles "u a black s]geant1 our black troops (f]$ a bold front2 b1 ov]p[]$ by numb]s & des]t$ by ! camel-driv]s1 all !y c\ld d 0 to save _! hon\r & fall 9 _! tracks4 ,t took place #aej miles s\? ( ,faya1 9 ! des]t ( ,mort*a4 ,n[1 x s happ5$ t ,adjutant ,amboroko1 ) a =ce ( sev5ty-five rifles1 _h be5 patroll+ = two days 9 t same des]t1 on ! look-out = ,mohamm$ ,erbeimi's raid+ p>ty1 my spies hav+ notifi$ me1 albeit r late1 ( its appe>ance on ! sc5e4 ,he 0 n able to get on its tracks till sixte5 h\rs aft] ! wip+-out ( ! convoy escort1 :5 he set (f at once 9 pursuit4 ,two h\rs lat] he came ^u x by surprise & r\t$ x 9 a few m9utes by a vigor\s bayonet-*>ge2 ! enemy1 tak5 completely (f 8 gu>d1 ab&on$ 8 booty & a c]ta9 numb] ( dead1 & made (f ha/ily ea/w>ds4 ,amboroko1 an old h& at des]t fight+1 !reupon judg$ x exp$i5t to let ! ,t\b\s get a few miles' />t1 & s lead !m to ?9k t he held himself satisfi$ by ! recapture ( our supplies ( c]eals & ( our camels1 & 0 go+ to take back ! camels at once to ,faya4 ,he calculat$ t z soon z ! fir/ spell ( panic 0 ov] ! rebels w\ld get toge!r to discuss ! advisability ( a c\nt]-attack4 ,8 =eca/ turn$ out correct4 ,resum+ ! pursuit "u cov] ( night1 he aga9 came 9 sight ( ! raid+-p>ty t[>ds ?ree 9 ! morn+1 9 regul> ord] once m1 & hold+ a palav] r\nd ! biv\ac fires4 ,clos+ 9 to %ort range he p\r$ 9 a rapid fire1 imm$iately foll[$ by a bayonet-*>ge t laid out a doz5 ,t\b\s1 :ile ! re/ 9 utt] panic fl$ at top spe$ 9 all directions1 "s on foot1 o!rs hang+ on to ! tails ( _! camels t made (f at full gallop )\t leav+ "t = _! rid]s to get a/ride4 ,! hunt w5t on till noon1 & suppli$ u ) a few prison]s :o gave ! mo/ precise details ( ! trea*]y ( ! ,nakazza *ief2 aft] :i* ,amboroko retrac$ 8 /eps to take 9 *>ge ! convoy ( supplies & br+ x into ,faya4 ,b he 0 ( op9ion t our brave soldi]s fall5 ! day be=e 7 n suffici5tly av5g$1 & provid+ himself ) fre% camels he set out at once 9 pursuit1 seek+ all across ! des]t ! tracks ( ^? :o _h escap$ 8 two c\nt]-attacks4 ,go+ fur!r & fur!r afield1 he f\nd himself f9ally #cjj miles to ! ea/w>d among ! rocks ( ,erdi1 :]e ! families ( ,mohamm$ ,erbeimi's ,t\b\s 7 9 hid+1 & engag$ 9 two fights ) !m :i* co/ ! rebels "s ?irty kill$2 b ! old *ief unluckily succe$$ once m 9 br++ 8 head safely out ( ! bus9ess4 ,e>ly 9 #aiag ! revolt might be consid]$ z cru%$4 ,! tribes _h begun to discuss t]ms ( submission1 all except ,mohamm$ ,erbeimi's tribe1 ! remnant ( :i* _h tak5 refuge 9 ! massif ( ,ouri #cjj miles nor?-ea/ ( ,faya1 & 0 n 9 a condition to d any h>m = a c]ta9 "t4 #i4 ,homew>d ,j\rney4 ,!n ,i saw my int]m9able soj\rn 9 ! des]t br\ght to an end by ! p]son ( ,capta9 ,gauckl]1 an exp]i5c$ comm&] ( camel-corps1 :o _h se5 mo/ ( 8 s]vice 9 ! ,african colonies1 & 0 come f ! ,fr5* front to replace me 9 ,bork\4 ,?us my turn on ! ,we/]n ,front 0 to come e>ly en\gh to enable me to %>e 9 ! gigantic battle t c\ld be =ese51 f ! h\r :5 ,russia fell out ( ! fight1 z imm95t & decisive4 ,! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t hav+ repli$ fav\rably to my reque/ = p]mission to return to ,france by way ( ,egypt1 ?is return j\rney w\ld all[ me to effect ! geodetic & topographical liaison betwe5 ,bork\ & ,d> ,f\r--9 o!r words1 to accompli% ! la/ "p ( ! geographical programme t t[>d ! end ( ! la/ c5tury ,i _h set myself to c>ry out4 ,f ,bork\ to ,wadai4--,i left ! oasis ( ,faya on #be ,april #aiag 9 an ea/-s\?-ea/]ly direction1 skirt+ ! foot ( ! we/]n spurs ( ! high tablel&s ( ,enn$i4 ,9 t5 days ,i rea*$ ! po/ ( ,fada1 :]e ,capta9 ,*teauvieux pres5t$ to me ! *iefs ,gadas & ,m\rdias1 :om two long ye>s ( incessant /ruggles _h con/ra9$ to submit2 we discuss$ & settl$ 9 conc]t ! conditions on :i* ! 8aman0 %\ld be grant$ !m4 ,aft] :i*1 turn+ my back on ! picturesque rocks ( ,enn$i1 ,i w5t on my way t[>ds ! s\?-we/1 across ! des]t ( ,mort*a1 to rea* ! wells ( ,oum ,*al\ba4 ,^! wells1 situat$ 9 ! ,wadi ,ha*im1 belong to ! ,nakazzas1 "o ( ! pr9cipal ,t\b\ tribes ( ,bork\1 :o are ma/]s1 "u our control1 ( ! oasis surr\nd+ ! po/ ( ,fada1 b ^: submission to our au?ority did n prev5t !m f ent]ta9+ ) our enemies relations z cordial z !y 7 cl&e/9e1 t gave u endless tr\ble4 ,! judgm5t-seat ( ! native c\rt ov] :i* ,i presid$ 0 heap$ high ) compla9ts & claims = damages aga9/ _! *iefs1 ,allat*i & ,djimmi4 ,_! l[ cunn+ & d\ble-deal+ exasp]at$ me2 b s9ce my return to ,europe x has become evid5t to me t1 l _m o!r reputable p]sons1 !y 7 simply engag$ 9 politics4 ,illu/ration3 ,! au?or's r\tes betwe5 ,tibe/i & ! ,nile ,! wells ( ,oum ,*al\ba are v important1 bo? because ( _! position at ! extreme s\!rn limit ( ! ,sah>a & because !y nev] run dry4 ,accord+ly1 ! c>avans t g & come betwe5 ,wadai & ! ,m$it]ranean by ,ounianga & ,k\fra all pass ?r\gh ?is /ation1 :]e1 x may be add$1 _! soj\rn is usually brief ow+ to ! high price ( food4 ,x is #adj miles f ,oum ,*al\ba to ,ab*1 ! capital ( ,wadai1 9 a g5]al direction f nor? to s\?1 across a region ( great pla9s int]sect$ by valleys runn+ f ea/ to we/ 9 :i* a few wood$ gall]ies be> witness to ! annual passage ( ephem]al torr5ts t come d[n f ! granitic hills & tablel&s ( ,zagawa & ,tama4 ,! summ] ra9s are n suffici5t to p]mit ! cultivation ( native c]eals1 b !y produce ext5sive & abundant pa/urage1 :]e ,mahamid tribes graze f9e h]ds ( ox5 & flocks ( %eep & goats4 ,two milit>y po/s ensure ! polic+ & adm9i/ration ( ! c\ntry3 ,arada1 ! commiss>iat c5tre ( a camel-corps section1 & ,bilt9e1 :]e a company ( black troops is g>rison$4 ,x is 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,bilt9e t ! fir/ villages ( ! s$5t>y tribes are se51 ! ,mimis1 !n ! ,kodois4 ,! millet fields1 small at fir/ & f> ap>t1 increase 9 size & frequ5cy z "o gets fur!r s\?2 b ! h>ve/s are /ill unc]ta91 = spells ( dr\ght are by no means r>e4 ,! ye> #aiac 0 especially fatal2 ! gra9 dri$ up on ! /alk1 & !re 0 su* a %ortage :5 ! crops 7 got 9 t a t]rible fam9e spread ov] ! :ole c\ntry dur+ ! fir/ eight mon?s ( #aiad4 ,_m inhabitants _h to emigrate s\?w>ds1 & ^? :o _h n =esight en\gh to flee 9 "t1 *iefly old m5 & *ildr51 di$ ( hung] 9 ! villages !y _h n be5 will+ to leave4 ,! numb] ( ! inhabitants ( ,wadai :o p]i%$ ?us is e/imat$ at m ?an half1 "s say ev5 at m ?an ?ree-qu>t]s4 ,! population ( ,wadai1 put by ,na*tigal at m ?an two millions 9 #ahgb1 _h fall5 to #cjj1jjj :5 ,i w5t t way4 ,ab*4--,at sunrise on #ca ,may #aiag ,i came 9 sight ( ,ab*1 ! fam\s capital ( ! sultans :o _h made ( ,wadai "o ( ! mo/ p[]ful ,s\danese k+doms ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,se5 f a di/ance1 x looks l a little clu/]1 grey & huddl$1 ( l[ h\ses1 ov]topp$ by a few t[]s ) po9t$ ro(s1 & _h no?+ ( ! h&some appe>ance t _h impress$ ,na*tigal ne>ly fifty ye>s be=e4 ,x 0 n[ no m ?an a small t[n ( ?ree or f\r ?\s& p1 & m ?an half ru9$4 ,x is true t ru9s are accumulat$ ) extreme rapidity 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 :]e ! f9e/ h\ses are only ill-built huts ( clay knead$ & bak$ 9 ! sun1 & quickly fall+ into dilapidation e ra9y season4 ,! pla9 surr\nd+ ! t[n looks no bett]1 be+ scantily cov]$ ) dry grasses & little gre5 clumps ( 8m'keit0 :i* our camels br[s$ on ) lively satisfaction4 ,! %rub-tribe 0 almo/ exclusively repres5t$ by little 8o%>10 ^: puffy-look+ fruits enclose a silky d[n l 8kapok02 z = ! mimosa family1 s abundant 9 ! neighb\r+ bu%1 x _h well-nigh disappe>$1 z (t5 happ5s ne> ! negro habitations ?r\gh ! wa/eful use made ( x z firewood4 ,ab* has reta9$ few traces ( its anci5t spl5d\r4 ,! =m] palace ( ! sultans1 kept till t "t z a specim5 ( ! ar*itecture ( ,wadai1 _h j be5 pull$ d[n by ord] ( ! new gov]nor ( ! prov9ce4 ,r\nd ab\t x 0 /rewn a mass ( dbris1 on :i* 7 sl[ly ris+ new build+s ( a highly milit>y /yle4 ,only ! bus9ess qu>t] ( ,am ,sog\ & ! m>ket-place _h kept a busy & animat$ aspect4 ,m51 wom51 & m]ry black small-fry bu/l$ noisily to & fro1 inextricably mix$ up ) asses1 camels1 dogs1 & horses4 ,num]\s ,tripolitan m]*ants1 :ite-fac$1 we>+ r$ fezzes & long fl[+ embroid]$ robes1 /alk$ gravely back & =?1 mak+ x evid5t by _! decor\s elegance & ! satisfaction visible on _! faces t1 9 spite ( ! suppression ( ! slave- traffic1 bus9ess rema9$ active & prosp]\s4 ,f ,wadai to ,d> ,f\r4--,i 0 =c$1 mu* aga9/ my w1 to /ay t5 long days at ,ab* be=e cont9u+ my j\rney4 ,! road usually foll[$ f ,ab* to ,el ,fa%] passes ?r\gh ,d> ,massalit to ,kebkebia1 along ! valleys ( ,wadi ,kadja & ,wadi ,b>r2 x is ab\t #bbj miles long & v easy1 except f ,augu/ to ,octob] or ,novemb]1 :5 ! summ] ra9s fill ! riv]s & tempor>y m>%es1 v num]\s 9 ?is region4 ,b s9ce t r\te _h be5 reconnoitr$ =m]ly by ,na*tigal1 & v rec5tly by ,colonel ,hilaire1 ! idea _h occurr$ to me ( /udy+ a m nor!rly r\te unkn[n ?r\gh\t two-?irds ( its l5g?1 & pass+ ?r\gh ,d> ,tama1 ,d> ,guim]1 & nor!rn ,d> ,f\r4 ,d> ,tama4--,?is project hav+ obta9$ ! approbation ( ! ,gov]nm5t1 ,i 0 able to leave ,ab* on ,june #i1 & plung$ into a v brok5 granitic region1 :]e ! rise & fall 0 inconsid]able1 b :i* 0 int]sect$ by num]\s wood$ valleys :]e m>*+ 0 no v easy matt]1 especially at night4 ,b ,i _h ! advantage ( pass+ ?r\gh an inhabit$ tract :]e wat] 0 frequ5tly to be f\nd1 a consid]ation ( importance = ! fe$+ ( a little gr\p ( ,zagawa wom5 & *ildr5 :om ,i 0 tak+ back to ,d> ,f\r aft] a long & ev5tful soj\rn 9 ! wild]ness4 ,captur$ ! ye> be=e by ! same ,t\b\ raid]s :om we _h to g 9 pursuit (1 !y _h be5 deliv]$ by our camel-corps1 & 7 go+ back to _! families "u ! protection ( my escort4 ,we w5t f village to village1 =c$ to *ange guides at e halt1 & to /ay long en\gh to li/5 to ! complim5ts ) :i* ! notabilities bade u welcome4 ,9 addition to ! complim5ts1 !y br\ght u wat]1 millet1 eggs1 a little milk1 & sometimes a %eep or a goat4 ,ar\nd ! villages !re 7 _m fields ( millet & sorgho1 & x 0 n unusual to meet ) g>d5s1 9 :i* cotton1 tobacco1 & spices 7 ! mo/ frequ5t products4 ,9 ?is way we rea*$ ! plateaux ( ,d> ,tama1 av]ag+ f #bejj to #cjjj feet 9 altitude1 :]e on ! g5tly undulat+ surface ! go+ 0 pleasant] ?an on ! r\gh slopes ( ! foo?ills lead+ up to ! tablel&4 ,a few lonely em95ces rose "h & !re1 ! l(tie/ ( :i*1 ! peak ( ,nir1 visible = #cj miles ar\nd1 rea*es a height ( #dejj feet4 ,= ! fir/ "t 9 m ?an f\r ye>s ,i saw once aga9 ! ?ick-leav$ tam>9d trees1 ^: beautiful gre5 is a re/ to ! eyes1 & 9 ^: %ade ! travell] is glad to halt dur+ ! hotte/ h\rs4 ,on ,june #ac1 aft] a long /age dur+ :i* our successive guides _h l$ u 9 ne$less zigzags1 we arriv$ at ! foot ( ,m\nt ,nir1 :]e !re is a village call$ ,nanna\a4 ,"h we camp$ 9 ! deep %ade ( two or ?ree :ite acacias1 less ?an #ejj y>ds f ! spot :]e 9 #aiji "o ( ! brilliant contempor>y explor]s ( ,c5tral ,africa1 ! regrett$ ,engli% ,lieut5ant ,boyd ,alex&]1 0 assass9at$4 ,my t5t _h h>dly be5 pit*$ an h\r :5 a mess5g] came to ann\nce ! visit ( ! ,sultan ( ,tama1 :o desir$ to pres5t 8 complim5ts & bid me welcome4 ,?is m>k ( c\rte\s def]5ce 0 all ! pleasant] f ! fact t on leav+ ,ab* ,i _h be5 put on my gu>d aga9/ a possible want ( cordiality dur+ my passage ?r\gh ,tama4 ,i imm$iately _h a mat ( palm-fibre1 9 default ( c>pets1 laid d[n at ! entrance to my t5t1 & advanc$ to meet ! sultan1 a h&some1 :ite-be>d$ old man ) a black sk9 & k9dly intellig5t eyes2 he 0 dress$ 9 ! fl[+ robe 9 use ?r\gh\t ,c5tral ,africa1 b made ( f9e l95 ri*ly embroid]$4 ,he wore br[n boots made 9 ,europe1 & 8 c>eful att5tion to 8 p]sonal appe>ance w5t ! l5g? ( socks4 ,on 8 head 0 a r$ fez1 r\nd :i* ran a n>r[ twi/ ( :ite musl91 & he walk$ ) sl[ & /ately /eps1 8 left h& re/+ on ! %\ld] ( "o ( 8 s]vants4 ,our int]view la/$ upw>ds ( half an h\r1 & 0 extremely cordial2 ! sultan urg$ me to break up my camp ! same aft]noon 9 ord] to g & sleep 9 8 capital ( ,nir1 :]e he _h _h huts made ready = u2 b 9 reply ,i alleg$ ! exhau/ion ( our camels1 :i* 7 9 urg5t ne$ ( graz+ till ev5+4 ,besides1 ,i _h to make a /ell> obs]vation at t p>ticul> spot 9 ord] to calculate exactly ! position & altitude ( ! m\nta9 ( ,nir1 ! mo/ rem>kable po9t1 geographically speak+1 ( ! :ole region4 ,soon aft]w>ds ,i saw ! sultan 0 wait+ = me to rise & take leave2 ,i help$ him up & accompani$ him a few /eps f my t5t4 ,8 s]vants & dep5d5ts 7 wait+ outside = him 9 ! ritual attitude ( ! c\rti]s ( ! anci5t sultans ( ,c5tral ,africa1 t is to say1 pro/rat$ to ! gr\nd1 _! knees & elb[s re/+ on ! e>?1 & _! h9d-qu>t]s level ) _! head4 ,he call$ ! *ief ( ! village ( ,nanna\a to give him in/ructions ) a view to our com=t4 ,! latt] got up & came to li/5 to 8 suz]a9's comm&s1 kneel+ be=e him ) clasp$ h&s1 d[nca/ eyes1 & dev\tly att5tive face4 ,:5 ! sultan ceas$ speak+1 ! village *ief clapp$ 8 h&s sev]al times & got up to g at once & transmit to 8 subjects ! ord]s he _h j receiv$4 ,e>ly next morn+ ,i rea*$ ! camp t _h be5 prep>$ = me 9 ! %ade ( "s 8k\rnas0 ne> ! well1 b ! huts 7 s l[ ro($ & uncom=table t ,i pref]r$ to pit* my t5t1 sev]ely damag$ z x 0 by f\r ye>s' we> & te>4 ,i _h to /ay two days at ,nir to wait = ! arrival ( f\r camels int5d$ to replace ! pack-c>ry+ ox5 ,i _h to s5d back to ,ab*4 ,! capital ( ,tama is only a small village cov]+ ab\t #ce acres1 :]e ! /raw huts are set r f> ap>t2 ! inhabitants1 by no means num]\s1 consi/ almo/ exclusively ( ! families & s]vants ( ! dignit>ies imm$iately surr\nd+ ! sultan4 ,o!r villages are scatt]$ ab\t ! neighb\rhood1 usually ly+ at ! foot ( isolat$ rocks ( no great height1 b ( v *>act]i/ic geometrical %apes1 ris+ out ( ! uni=m tablel& l natural l&m>ks de/9$ to rejoice ! he>ts ( a triangulation brigade4 ,9 our camp an unpleasant surprise await$ u3 h>dly _h we settl$ d[n :5 we saw com+ d[n f ! k\rnas :ole battalions ( cat]pill>s t made /raight t[>ds u & ob/9ately set ab\t climb+ all ov] our pack+-cases1 *airs1 clo!s1 & p]sons 9 que/ ( a quiet & %ady corn] :]e !y c\ld com=tably in/al _! cocoons & g to sleep 9 ! hope ( a happy metamorphosis4 ,we hunt$ !m1 kill$ !m1 b to no purpose1 = /ill !y came4 ,& ^! cat]pill>s1 sociable to a fault1 are torm5tors ( ! wor/ type3 :]ev] !y g !y leave beh9d !m invisible hairs t burn l nettles4 ,next morn+ we 7 all scrat*+ furi\sly1 unable to f9d ev5 mom5t>y relief except 9 applications ( v hot wat]4 ,my trunk ( books 0 infe/$1 &1 above all1 t :i* conta9$ my l952 s also 7 my b$clo!s4 ,all ! wa%+1 swill+1 & beat+ ,i c\ld d fail$ to rid my clo!s entirely ( ?is pe/1 & ,i _h to endure its tortures = long z be/ ,i might4 ,x 0 only :5 ,i got to ,kh>t\m & c\ld get fre% clo!s & ?r[ away my up-c\ntry g>m5ts1 if su* !y c\ld be call$1 t ,i really f\nd a little peace4 ,9 ! ev5+ a ?ick cl\d ( locu/s came & settl$ on ! region2 9 a few m9utes ! trees 7 cov]$ ) !m1 & _! gre5 *ang$ to ! p9k hue ( ^! voraci\s insects' bodies4 ,! sultan came repeat$ly to see me4 ,he 0 fond ( talk+ & tell+ me 8 hi/ory & t ( ,tama dur+ ! prec$+ decade2 he also told me ! /ory ( ! murd] ( ,boyd ,alex&] z x 0 relat$ to him n _m days aft] ! tragic ev5t by 8 pr$ecessor ! ,sultan ,o?man & ! *ief ,adem ,r\yal1 comm&] ( ! ,=ian =ce s5t f ,d> ,f\r by ! ,sultan ,ali ,d9> to drive ! ,fr5* out ( ,wadai4#b ,! sultan 0 above all int]e/$ 9 ! ,franco-,anglo-,g]man w>2 he ask$ "q aft] "q1 & ,i _h a great deal ( tr\ble 9 giv+ him a hazy idea ( ! =midable masses ( w> mat]ial1 supplies1 cannon1 rifles1 & ! unhe>d-( numb]s ( m5 br\ght into action on bo? sides4 ,?anks to 8 good (fices1 ,i 0 able to get ! supplies ,i 0 9 daily ne$ ( = my deta*m5t2 & 9 ^! days ( excessively de> liv+ x w n p]haps be )\t int]e/ to give a summ>y li/1 at ?is po9t1 ( ! prices t 7 ask$ me3 s4 d4 ,a small ye>l+ ox #ab #j #bjj lbs4 ( millet fl\r #d #j ,an av]age-siz$ %eep #b #f ,*ick5s #j #f ,"o p\nd ( butt] #j #c onions #j #c ,a qu>t ( milk #j #a ,_h we be5 wise en\gh to h rational ideas ab\t railways 9 ,africa1 & to h !m 9 "t1 :at a help ! ,black ,cont95t w\ld be to u n[6 ,i tru/ ! ordeal we are go+ ?r\gh to-day may induce ,france & ,great ,brita91 ! two great gu>dians ( ! ,black population1 to jo9 9 intimate union 9 ord] to lab\r toge!r at ! great "w ( op5+ up ,africa & turn+ its res\rces to acc\nt--a "w t mu/ be und]tak5 at once6 ,b ?is is a va/ "q1 & "o t mu/ be treat$ sep>ately2 s ,i beg to be excus$ = ?is digression4 ,9 ! aft]noon ( ! #aj?1 hav+ succe$$ 9 hir+ ! necess>y five camels1 two ( !m enorm\s1 & ! o!r ?ree ( ! t9ie/1 ,i took leave ( ,sultan ,hassan to g on ) my j\rney t[>ds ,guim]4 ,f\r days lat] ,i arriv$ at ,k\lb\ss1 ! tempor>y resid5ce ( ! ,sultan ( ,guim]4 ,d> ,guim]4--,! welcome ,i receiv$ 0 ( ! *illie/4 ,two hundr$ y>ds f ! village a son ( ! ,sultan ,idriss came all alone to meet me1 & ann\nc$ t 8 fa!r _h />t$ a few days e>li] = ,el ,fa%]2 & !n1 skirt+ ! village1 he l$ me d[n ! valley to a spot :]e a dilapidat$ hut1 n f> f a well & at ! entrance ( :at _h once be5 a piece ( enclos$ l&1 0 (f]$ me 9 :i* to take up my qu>t]s4 ,i _h great difficulty 9 obta9+ a few provisions1 & two days 7 sp5t 9 animat$ discussions be=e ,i c\ld get a guide & f\r hir$ camels to replace ^? l5t me 9 ,tama4 ,ev5 s ,i only got !m ?anks to ! good (fices ( a ,zagawa *ief :o _h come to greet me on my passage because he _h on a =m] occasion f\nd 8 relations ) ! ,fr5* au?orities ( ,wadai turn out greatly to 8 advantage4 ,b ,i c\ld n get ! sort ( curr5t in=mation ab\t ! c\ntry & its inhabitants usually giv5 to travell]s by ! natives4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ,i %[$ my surprise at ! resid5ce ( ! ,sultan ( ,guim] at ,k\lb\ss1 :i* is 9 ,tama t]ritory1 ! son ( ,sultan ,idriss condesc5d$ to expla9 t t in/allation 0 only tempor>y1 hav+ be5 au?oriz$ t[>ds #aiaj by ,sultan ,hassan ( ,tama by reason ( ! raids ! ,sultan ( ,guim] _h _h to und]go at ! h&s ( ! ,=ian b&s ( ,ali ,d9>4 ,8 return to 8 own capital 0 to take place %ortly1 ! occupation ( ,el ,fa%] by ! ,anglo-,egyptian troops hav+ put an end to ^! incursions4 ,i left ,k\lb\ss on #bb ,june e>ly 9 ! morn+1 ) no great confid5ce 9 ! success ( my ent]prise1 = ! guide assign$ to me did n seem any too satisfi$ at ! idea ( tak+ me to ,kebkebia1 f :i* we 7 sep>at$ by a /ret* ( almo/ completely un9habit$ c\ntry ne>ly #abj miles across1 & 9 :i* ! wat]- po9ts 7 few & q possibly dri$ up4 ,v luckily1 ev]y?+ w5t z well z c\ld be imag9$2 ,i saw no trace ( ! ,s5\ssi/ raid1 s call$1 :i* local rum\r cr$it$ = "s "t ) hav+ caught me by surprise1 tak5 me prison]1 & c>ri$ me (f z a ho/age to ,k\fra4 ,a few wells 7 f\nd1 v ne>ly dry1 b we 7 c>eful 9 husb&+ our supply ( wat]4 ,we saw v few inhabitants & met no c>avan4 ,:at worri$ me mo/1 & mo/ unexpect$ly1 0 ! graz+ "q1 = ! c\ntry1 ?\gh cov]$ ) scrub1 0 s dri$ up t our camels h>dly ev] got a satisfy+ fe$ & grew mo/ disquiet+ly ?94 ,d> ,guim] is h>dly m ?an a g5tly undulat+ pla9 ( some:at uni=m appe>ance1 #ajj miles across f ea/ to we/1 & #bj f nor? to s\?4 ,! inhabitants1 few 9 numb]1 if ,i may accept ! acc\nts giv5 me1 seem less incl9$ to tillage ?an to cattle-rais+4 ,! soil is usually clayey1 v m>%y f ! end ( ,july to ,decemb]1 b almo/ completely wat]less f ,april to ,july4 ,! valleys come d[n fanwise f ! tablel&s ( ,tama on ! we/1 ( ,zagawa on ! nor?1 & nor!rn ,d> ,f\r on ! ea/4 ,!y meet on a level ) ! ,djebel ,ki*ki* 7,hadj] ,m\ll7 to =m ! ,wadi ,kadja1 "o ( ! p>5t bran*es ( ! ,bahr-,salamat1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ important valleys on ! "r bank ( ! ,%>i1 ! ma9 afflu5t ( ! ,*ad4 ,dur+ ! morn+ ( ,june #be we rea*$ ! s\!rn limit ( ,d> ,guim] at ! wells ( ,taziriba2 only #c y>ds deep & fl[+ abundantly at all seasons1 !y 7 situat$ 9 a valley :]e !re are no trees ( any size1 b an abundant gr[? ( scrub4 ,! wells1 usually silt$ up1 _h be5 dug out afre% a few days previ\sly1 on ! occasion ( ! ,sultan ,idriss' visit to ,d> ,f\r4 ,hav+ ?us be5 able to wat] our camels & r5ew our own supply1 we left ! t]ritory ( ,guim] ! same ev5+1 to g & sleep half a score ( miles fur!r on4 ,betwe5 ,guim] & ,d> ,f\r4--,x is int]e/+ to notice t ! tribes ^: t]ritories sep>ate ,wadai f ,d> ,f\r 7,massalit1 ,tama1 & ,guim]7 h always left a wide belt ( un9habit$ c\ntry betwe5 !mselves & ,d> ,f\r4 ,at "s po9ts its wid? exce$s #ajj miles1 :ile no simil> solution ( cont9uity exi/s betwe5 !m & ,wadai4 ,x %\ld n be conclud$1 z is sometimes done1 t ^! t]ritories are des]t-l 9 "*1 = !y are wat]$ e ye> by ! summ] ra9s & cov]$ ) an abundant vegetation1 = ! mo/ "p ?orny & /unt$1 x is true4 ,^! l&s are n incapable ev5 ( settl$ habitation1 = x w\ld suffice to bore a few wells1 ar\nd ea* ( :i* m5 c\ld take up _! qu>t]s 9 p]man5ce1 ) fields ( gra9 & cotton & pa/urage = cattle4 ,su* unpeopl$ regions are common 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 & ea* ( !m con/itutes a neutral zone1 a sort ( 8no man's l&0 t sep>ates ! t]ritories ( two ho/ile tribes4 ,x 0 across a belt ( ?is k9d t our r\te n[ lay1 a belt ab\t #gj miles wide betwe5 ,saf1 ! la/ village ( ,guim]1 & ,rml1 ! fir/ ( ,d> ,f\r4 ,on ,june #bf a long morn+ m>* br\ght u to ! wells ( ,dlb1 situat$ at ! cross+ ( an important r\te *iefly us$ by native traffick]s on _! way to b>t] ! gra9 ( ,massalit = ! salt ( ,d> ,f\r at ! m>ket ( ,diell1 "s #bj miles nor? ( ,kebkebia4 ,! site 0 pleasant & cov]$ = a space ( sev]al miles 9 l5g? & #bjj or #cjj y>ds 9 bread? ) f9e h>azes & k\rnas1 :i* gave u ! illusion ( a great %ady p>k at home2 b ! lack ( wat] 9 ! well & ! way our /ore ( eatables 0 runn+ %ort did n all[ u to yield to ! temptation ( re/+ !re a day4 ,we _h to />t aga9 9 ! aft]noon & m>* till d>k 9 ord] to rea*1 e>ly next morn+1 ! wells ( ,*ibk1 ^: imm$iate neighb\rhood1 s our guide told u1 0 infe/$ by lions2 b we _h n ! pleasure ( see+ any4 ,a fur!r /age ( a score ( miles at la/ p]mitt$ u to get out ( ! un9habit$ region & rea* ! ,wadi ,gu$d>a1 at ! po9t :]e x comes out ( ! m\nta9s t m>k ! wat]%$ betwe5 ! bas9s ( ! ,*ad & ! ,nile4 ,we/]n ,d> ,f\r4--,^! m\nta9s seem$ to be mu* m important ?an ! maps & descriptions ( =m] travell]s _h l$ me to suppose4 ,!y =m$ a long & r confus$ *a91 runn+ approximately f nor? to s\?2 & _! *ief summit1 m\nt ,d\rb\ll1 "s #cj miles to ! ea/1 rose to m ?an #gjjj feet above sea-level4 ,i sp5t ,june #bh at ! village ( ,rml1 :]e ,i receiv$ a v k9d lett] ( welcome f ,lieut4-,colonel ,savile ,pa%a1 gov]nor ( ! prov9ce1 :o put at my disposal an escort ( six soldi]s ( ! native police4 ,i want$ to asc]ta9 ! exact position ( ?is village1 b ra9 fell at int]vals ?r\gh\t ! ev5+ & night & prev5t$ me f obs]v+ ! indisp5sable />s4 ,if ,i 0 vex$1 ! natives 7 delight$1 = ! damp soil w\ld enable !m to s[ se$ = ! fir/ "t t ye>4 ,next day ,i _h only a doz5 miles to cov] 9 ord] to arrive at ! advanc$ po/ ( ,kebkebia1 ! fur!/ we/ ( ! milit>y po/s 9 ,d> ,f\r1 & dur+ t %ort m>* ,i enjoy$ ! happy & re/ful feel+ ( ! sailor :o1 aft] a long voyage1 sees %9+ on ! horizon1 across ! calm ( ! sp5t wat]s1 ! *e]ful h>b\r lights4 ,we advanc$ along ! we/]n foot ( ! *a91 gradually ne>+ x1 & notic+ t x seem$ to connect ) ! massif ( ,djebel ,m>ra1 ( :i* f "t to "t ,i c\ld see = a mom5t ! highe/ peak1 m ?an #ej miles to ! s\?-s\?-ea/4 ,we w5t along ?r\gh a smil+ & prosp]\s-look+ c\ntry1 already cov]$ ) spr++ grass1 dott$ ) gre5 trees1 & brok5 "h & !re by rocky heights t did n rise high] ?an #djj feet4 ,! natives1 scatt]$ ab\t _! fields1 wat*$ our c>avan g by )\t unfri5dl9ess or sign ( misgiv+1 & !n betook !mselves aga9 to _! "w ) ! s]5e dignity ( m5 :o till ! soil4 ,bo? 9 ! explicit picture x makes & 9 sugge/ion1 _! husb&ry is v diff]5t f ours4 ,! noble ge/ure famili> 9 our we/]n fields1 ( ! s[] s[+ 8 se$ broadca/ along ! furr[s1 is lack+ on ,african pla9s4 ,! man ,i 0 wat*+ walk$ /raight on1 hold+ 9 bo? h&s a hoe b5t into a "r angle2 at e second /ep1 )\t /opp+ or ev5 /oop+1 he made ) x a t9y hole1 h>dly m ?an a scrat* 9 ! tawny s&4 ,he 0 foll[$ by a *ild1 a boy clad 9 a simple sunbeam1 c>ry+ a calaba% ( millet1 & p>simoni\sly lett+ fall into ea* hole a few gra9s t he summ>ily cov]$ by turn+ a little e>? ov] !m ) 8 b>e toes4 ,happy l&s1 :]e man is satisfi$ ) h>d1 co>se gra91 & :]e ! e>?1 9 return = b small pa9s1 breaks =? into abundant h>ve/4 ,:i* ( u %all judge betwe5 !m1 & say :e!r x is bett] to be exact+ 9 "o's wants1 & ) great lab\r to atta9 to "o's desire1 or to be cont5t ) little & f9d t1 ) h>dly an ef=t1 t little may be _h8 ,i 0 welcom$ on my arrival at ,kebkebia by ! comm&]1 a native (fic] ( ! #ac? ,sudanese ,battalion1 ,sub-,lieut4 ,sad ,eff5di ,adam1 accompani$ by a s]geant ( ,eng9e]s1 ,s]geant ,ga/]5s1 ,r4,e41 9 comm& ( ! wireless telegraphy po/1 & by ! headman ( ! village4 ,?anks to _! good (fices1 com=table %elt]s 7 f\nd = u1 & ,i c\ld procure all ! food requir$ = ! use ( my p>ty4 ,! village is ( small ext5t1 poor & dre>y 9 appe>ance4 ,x is said t ! sultan ,ali ,d9> _h ! great] "p ( ! inhabitants deport$ a few ye>s ago aft] confiscat+ _! prop]ty1 to puni% !m = %[+ too mu* e/eem = a c]ta9 m>ab\t nam$ ,faki ,s9i1 reg>d$ 9 ! di/rict z a work] ( miracles4 ,! "o t made ! deepe/ impression on ! natives1 ,i 0 assur$1 consi/$ 9 be+ able to *ange col\r & volume :5ev] he lik$1 & ev5 make himself entirely invisible1 :i* did n prev5t him f lett+ himself be surpris$ & made %ort "w ( by ! myrmidons ( ! sultan inc5s$ at 8 gr[+ pre/ige4 ,i _h to /ay f\r days 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,kebkebia1 ! fir/ "p ( ! "t be+ sp5t 9 go+ back to ,rml to make arrangem5ts = ! return ( my escort & hir$ camels to ,ab*2 ,i also hop$ to make ! a/ronomical obs]vations ,i _h be5 unable to make on ! night ( my arrival4 ,b ,i _h my lab\r = my pa9s4 ,all f\r days ! sky rema9$ almo/ con/antly ov]ca/ & ! ra9 fell 9 torr5ts1 ! cl\ds came 9 great masses f ! we/-s\?-we/1 &1 /rik+ ! m\nta9 *a9 at ! foot ( :i* lie ,rml & ,kebkebia1 !y dissolv$ 9 ra9 t fell at frequ5t int]vals1 :ile on ! o!r side ( ! *a9 !re fell only r>e & insignificant %[]s4 ,x 0 only ! la/ day t ,i c\ld make ! planet>y obs]vations requir$ = fix+ ! positions ( ,kebkebia1 m\nt ,d\rb\ll1 & ! summit ( ! ,djebel ,m>ra2 ?is la/ is notably high] ?an ! #fjjj feet above ! sea attribut$ to x by ! maps ( ,africa3 my fir/ calculations all[$ me to fix its altitude some:]e betwe5 #ijjj & #ihjj feet4 ,i left ,kebkebia on ,july #b1 />t+ 9 ! aft]noon 9 an ea/]ly direction1 skirt+ ! foot ( m\nt ,d\rb\ll on its s\!rn side4 ,! track1 cle>$ ( scrub = a wid? ( a doz5 y>ds1 lay along a gr\nd rocky inde$1 b pres5t+ no s]i\s difficulties4 ,we came across no villages1 ?\gh ! c\ntry is inhabit$4 ,"h & !re on ! hillsides "o c\ld see /one enclosures1 9 gr\ps ( tw5ty to ?irty1 :i* till a %ort "t previ\sly _h be5 villages ^: inhabitants _h )drawn high] up ! m\nta9 9 ord] to escape1 s at lea/ we 7 told1 f ! =m] sultan's incessant & vexati\s requisitions4 ,!y 7 n !mselves describ$ to u z p>ticul>ly desirable1 be+ incl9$ to b&itism2 b ,i c (f] no evid5ce on ! "q1 = !y did n tr\ble ! m>* ( my little c>avan4 ,on ,july #d1 = ! ?ird & la/ "t1 ,i cross$ ! l9e t sep>ates ! wat]s ( ! ,*ad bas9 f t ( ! ,m$it]ranean1 at ! ,k[ra ,pass1 :i* is at an altitude ( ab\t #djjj feet2 !n1 com+ d[n f spur to spur across ! ,djebel ,k[ra ,i rea*$ ! ,djebel ,om1 a v brok5 region1 *aotic 9 appe>ance & cov]$ ) scanty scrub1 /unt$1 prickly1 & almo/ leafless1 :]e our exhau/$ camels f\nd b little su/5ance4 ,f place to place we cross$ rec5tly work$ deposits ( salt4 ,! salt is v mu* mix$ ) e>?1 & ! ri*e/ b$s are indicat$ by ! swoll51 crack$1 & friable "* ( ! soil4 ,z 9 o!r salt-produc+ regions 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 ! salt-be>+ e>? is wa%$ = a long] or %ort] "t 9 wa%+ & filt]+ baskets2 !n1 :5 ! sal9e solution has become conc5trat$ en\gh1 x is heat$ 9 clay j>s1 on ! inside ( :i* ! salt cry/allizes z ! wat] evaporates4 ,! product ?us obta9$1 ?\gh impure & grey-col\r$1 is pleasant to ! ta/e1 & supplies a great "p ( ! m>ket 9 ,d> ,f\r & ! neighb\r+ c\ntries4 ,9 ! aft]noon ( ! #e?1 leav+ beh9d u ! la/ salt-b$s ( ,om ,bak\r1 we got cle> away f ! m\nta9\s zone & made our way = f\r days across ! undulat+ pla9s t /ret* ea/w>ds beyond ,el ,fa%]4 ,! fur!r ,i w5t ! cle>] grew ! panorama ( ! *a9 ,i _h j cross$4 ,spur aft] spur1 fanta/ically %ap$1 ext5d$ 9 long succession to ! nor?1 :ile t[>ds ! we/ & ! s\? ! summits ( ! ,d\rb\ll & ! ,djebel ,m>ra t[]$ above ! re/ ( ! m\nta9s & /ood out boldly aga9/ ! sky1 especially at dusk1 a mom5t at :i* ! light 0 p>ticul>ly fav\rable = ! obs]vations requir$ = det]m9+ _! position & altitude4 ,9 ! pla9 ( %ift+ s&1 dott$ "h & !re ) isolat$ rocks ( huge size1 real natural geodetic signals1 ! l&scape /ret*$ away monoton\sly1 almo/ )\t trees or ev5 grass4 ,! f]tiliz+ ra9s ( ! fir/ few days ( ,july n hav+ rea*$ fur!r ?an ! djebels ,i _h j cross$1 ! s[+ _h n begun1 & ! inhabitants ( ! villages t succe$$ "o ano!r at regul> int]vals d[n ! valleys ,i trav]s$ 7 feel+ a little uneasy4 ,at sunrise on ,july #i1 aft] pass+ by ! hamlet ( ,zadia1 ,i came 9 sight ( ! capital ( ,d> ,f\r2 x seem$ to be a place ( consid]able ext5t1 & to consi/ ( ?at*$ huts gr\p$ by di/9ct qu>t]s along ! ea/ side ( a b>e valley4 ,9 ! uni=m grey ( ! city ,i h>dly notic$ m ?an "o rem>kable build+1 :ite1 & %ap$ l a ti>a1 & dom9at+ ! nor!rn "p ( ! t[n2 & t[>ds ! c5tre a clump ( gre5 trees1 f :i* em]g$ a con/ruction ( ,european /yle4 ,! =m] 0 ! ,k\bba ( ,zak>ia ,zata1 ! tomb ( ! sultan ,ali ,d9>'s fa!r2 ! latt] 0 ! sultan's old palace turn$ into ! resid5ce ( ! ,gov]nor ( ! ,prov9ce4 ,beyond ! t[n ,i c\ld see l[ l9es ( hills1 on ! nor? ! ,djebel ,wana1 & on ! ea/ ! ,djebel ,fa%]1 at ! foot ( :i* a ye> be=e ! ,=ian army _h be5 r\t$ by ! ,anglo-,sudanese troops ( ,colonel ,kelly4 ,to ! s\? a s&y pla9 ( a f9e tawny col\r /ret*$ away to ! horizon1 int]sect$ by ! long1 d>k gre5 ribbon ( ! ,wadi ,el ,ko1 a sub-tribut>y ?r\gh ! ,bahr el ,ghazal ( ! ,nile4 ,we/w>ds v>i\s djebels ( great] or less importance /ood out 9 brok5 l9es aga9/ ! di/ant curta9 ( ! great *a9 ( we/]n ,d> ,f\r4 ,a few mom5ts lat] ,i 0 jo9$ by a gr\p ( horsem53 x 0 ,8 ,excell5cy ! ,gov]nor ( ,d> ,f\r1 ,lieut4-,colonel ,r4 ,v4 ,savile ,pa%a1 :o bade me welcome & took me to ! ,resid5cy1 :]e ! mo/ cordial hospitality await$ me4 ,el ,fa%]4--,on ! ev5+ ( my arrival ,i in/all$ z usual ! prismatic a/rolabe & ! box ( *ronomet]s = my daily a/ronomical obs]vation1 & :5 x 0 f9i%$ ,i 0 fill$ ) a deep & intimate joy3 aft] eighte5 ye>s ( p]si/5t ef=t ,i _h at la/ rea*$ ! geographical goal t ,i _h set myself to atta9 9 ,c5tral ,africa4 ,t la/ obs]vation1 made 9 ! palace y>d ( ,el ,fa%]1 set ! seal1 once = all1 on ! liaison ( ! geodetic sy/ems ( ! bas9s ( ! ,nig]1 ! ,*ad1 & ! ,nile1 = ! longitude ( ,el ,fa%] _h j be5 det]m9$ by ! (fic]s ( ! ,sudan ,survey ,dep>tm5t by ! aid ( ! telegraph l9e rec5tly e/abli%$ betwe5 ,kh>t\m & ,el ,fa%]4 ,i _h to /ay twelve days 9 ?is t[n 9 ord] to c>ry out1 9 conf]5ce ) ! ,gov]nor ( ,d> ,f\r1 a mission ) :i* ,i _h be5 entru/$ by ! ,gov]nor ( ! ,t]ritory ( ! ,*ad4 ,?is mission conc]n$ ! polic+ ( ! bord]l& ( ! two ,gov]nm5ts1 & ! settlem5t ( ! claims aris+ out ( depr$ations committ$ by ! rebel tribes ( ,enn$i4 ,aft] we _h come to a complete und]/&+ ,i drew up1 9 collaboration ) ,mr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,pilk+ton1 a provisional map1 on a scale ( #a_/a1jjj1jjj1 ( ! "p ( ! ,franco-,anglo-,egyptian bord]s affect$ by our agreem5t4 ,dur+ all ?is "t1 ne$ ,i say t ,i 0 ! object ( ! utmo/ k9dness & att5tion on ! "p ( ! ,gov]nor & ! ,briti% (fic]s :o surr\nd$ him4 ,_! fri5dly reception ( me rema9s "o ( my mo/ treasur$ recollections ( ?is j\rney4 ,el ,fa%] seem$ to be a t[n ( f fifte5 to tw5ty ?\s& inhabitants1 & "o ( ! f9e/-look+ native cities ,i h se5 9 ,c5tral ,africa2 x is built on s&-dunes surr\nd+ a tempor>y lake t dries up a few weeks aft] ! end ( ! ra9y season1 & 9 :i* 9 ! dry season ! natives dig hundr$s ( wells1 ! wat] ( :i* is !n sold at an av]age price v>y+ betwe5 a halfp5ny & a p5ny a gallon4 ,! t[n /&s on two sides ( ! lake1 some:at 9 ! %ape ( a circumflex acc5t1 op5 to ! s\?w>d1 & ^: apex is m>k$1 r\ghly speak+1 by ! ,k\bba ( ,zak>ia2 ! ea/]n side ( ?is angle is m p>ticul>ly occupi$ by trad]s & natives1 :ile ! gov]nor's palace & ! great] "p ( ! (ficial build+s are on ! we/]n side4 ,betwe5 ! bus9ess t[n & ! adm9i/rative t[n lies a great squ>e1 a sort ( ,*amp de ,m>s :]e fe/ivals1 p>ades1 & reviews take place1 & :]e once a week ! b& ( ! battalion gives a conc]t4 ,:at /ruck me mo/ 9 ?is t[n is its well-kept & gre5 appe>ance2 ! /reets are wide1 ! h\ses 9 good repair & surr\nd$ ) trees 7mo/ly s]rahs74 ,!re are none ( ! hovels1 ! brok5-d[n walls1 ! heaps ( refuse s (t5 f\nd 9 ,sudanese cities1 except p]haps on ! s\? side1 :]e1 at ! "t ( my pass+ ?r\gh ! t[n1 a gr\p ( ,fellatas _h set up a camp ( dirty little /raw huts 9 :i* m51 wom51 *ildr51 & cattle sprawl$ 9 an indiscrim9ate heap4 ,! sultan ,ali ,d9>1 :o _h sp5t "p ( 8 y\? 9 ! valley ( ! ,nile ) ! ,khalif ( ! ,mahdi/s1 _h acquir$ !re a ta/e = gre5 trees1 f9e h\ses1 & broad av5ues4 ,8 palace _h be5 c>efully con/ruct$4 ,! pr9cipal build+1 a rectangul> :ite h\se two /ories high1 surm\nt$ by a t]race1 op5$ nor?w>ds on to a g>d5 plant$ ) palms & lemon-trees4 ,! rooms 7 l>ge & com=table1 & f ! second /orey w9d[s ! ,sultan c\ld see n only ! :ole ( 8 palace & 8 capital1 b also a va/ panorama ov] ! surr\nd+ pla91 ! valley ( ! ,wadi ,el ,ko1 ! m\nta9s ( ,kebkebia1 & ev5 ! ,djebel ,m>ra1 ^: impos+ mass c be se5 :5 ! sky is v cle>1 m ?an #gj miles to ! s\?-we/4 ,o!r h\ses1 less sumptu\s1 b m orig9al because local 9 /yle1 equally attract "o's notice 9 ! int]ior ( ?is palace1 9 :i* "o loses "o's self 9 a labyr9? ( walls1 c\rty>ds1 & outbuild+s4 ,^! h\ses are l>ge r\nd huts ) simple clay walls1 b ^: ro(s1 admirably ?at*$1 are (t5 connect$ by long wide v]&ahs4 ,^! 7 ! ap>tm5ts ( ! pr9cesses1 light1 roomy1 & com=table4 ,ali ,d9>'s /hetic preoccupations h be5 r>e among ,sudanese mon>*s1 b x mu/ be admitt$ t 9 ord] to embelli% 8 palace & 8 capital he _h all b ru9$ 8 k+dom1 r$uc+ half ! population to a sort ( semi-slav]y1 fill+ 8 h>em ) concub9es1 di/ribut+ 8 subjects' cattle among 8 fav\rites & ! ,arab m]*ants :o br\ght him preci\s m]*&ise & weapons & ammunition s5t by ! ,s5\ssi/s4 ,he dream$ ( ext5d+ 8 empire1 & l5t a too ready e> to ! prea*]s ( ! ,holy ,w>1 :o1 "u ! gis ( ! ,gr& ,s5\ssi & ! ,gr& ,turk1 dream$ ( driv+ ,fr5* & ,briti% out ( ,africa4 ,x 0 ) him z ) s _m o!r despots3 he fell ?r\gh pride4 ,_h he %[n m wisdom & diplomacy he might well h be5 reign+ /ill 9 ,d> ,f\r4 ,!re w\ld be _m m ?+s to say ab\t ,el ,fa%]1 b ,i h already dalli$ too long ov] ! pleasant memories left me by my soj\rn 9 t t[n4 ,i beg to be excus$ inasmu* z1 ?\gh ,i 0 /ill #agjj miles f ,cairo1 ,i consid]$ myself z hav+ rea*$ ! end ( my j\rney4 ,!re only rema9$ ?ree weeks' m>* ) camels t w\ld br+ me to ! railway t]m9us at ,el ,obeid across an inhabit$ c\ntry n m]ely kn[n b already organiz$2 ,i mu/ leave ! pleasure ( describ+ x to "o or ano!r ( ! ,briti% (fic]s :o h conqu]$ & pacifi$ x1 & :o "k x bett] ?an ,i1 :o pass$ ?r\gh x too quickly to be able to /udy x z x des]ves4 ,f ,el ,fa%] to ,cairo4--,i left ,el ,fa%] 9 ! ev5+ ( #ba ,july #aiag1 pass+ ?r\gh ,um ,g$ada & ,dam ,gamad to ,el ,nahud1 :]e ,i arriv$ on ,augu/ #d4 ,i left aga9 on ! #f?1 deeply t\*$ by ! he>ty welcome ( ! ,di/rict ,inspector1 ,major ,j4 ,g4 ,n4 ,b>dwell4 ,on ,augu/ #ac1 t[>ds f\r 9 ! aft]noon1 z ,i came )9 sight ( ,el ,obeid1 ,i he>d = ! fir/ "t 9 five ye>s ! :i/le ( a locomotive1 & its /rid5t note 0 sweet] to my e>s ?an ! mo/ classical music1 = x told me t ,i _h at la/ rea*$ ! gate ( civilization2 & ! same ev5+1 at d9n] ) ,8 ,excell5cy ! ,gov]nor ( ,kord(an1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,w4 ,sag>1 ! sight ( ! graceful & *>m+ly dress$ ladies :o 7 pres5t confirm$ t delightful impression4 ,! next day 0 a v busy "o1 = ,i _h to dis*>ge my native escort1 pay my camel-driv]s1 put 9 ord]1 m5d1 & br+ to ! tra9 my num]\s cases ( in/rum5ts1 collections1 & docum5ts1 9 ord] to take on ! ,w$nesday ! bi-weekly tra94 ,i 0 only able to d s ?anks to ! unwe>i$ k9dness ( ! ,gov]nor & ( ! ,g>rison ,comm&]1 ,major ,t4 ,s4 ,v&eleur1 ,d4,s4,o4 ,on ,augu/ #ae1 at #g o'clock 9 ! morn+1 ,i took ! tra9 = ,kh>t\m4 ,! fai?ful blacks :o _h come ) me all ! way f ,bork\ 7 fill$ ) gap+ wond] at ! sight ( ! long heavy /r+ ( c>riages mov+ by itself4 ,8 ,excell5cy ! ,gov]nor & ! ,g>rison ,comm&] _h come to ! /ation to wi% me a happy end to my travels1 & to see t ,i _h ev]y?+ ,i want$4 ,let me be all[$ "h to express once m my lively gratitude6 ,!n foll[$ two long days 9 ! tra9 across ! wide pla9s ( ,kord(an1 ! cross+ ( ! ,:ite ,nile by a monum5tal bridge1 !n ! arrival on ! ,blue ,nile at ,s5n>1 :]e pass5g]s 7 wait+ :o _h come f ! ,upp] ,nile2 !n ,wad ,m$9a 9 ! aft]noon1 & f9ally1 9 ! middle ( ! night1 ,kh>t\m4 ,i /ay$ a week 9 ,kh>t\m1 :]e ,i 0 ! gue/ ( ! ,civil ,secret>y1 ,feild5 ,pa%a1 & ,dr4 ,p4 ,s4 ,crisp91 ,director ( ! ,m$ical ,s]vice4 ,x 0 an en*ant+ week t ,i sp5t 9 t pe>l ( ! ,sudan1 :i* is already visit$ by _m a t\ri/1 s great 0 ! consid]ation %[n me by my ho/s & by ! high (ficials & (fic]s ( ! capital4 ,i left ,kh>t\m on ,augu/ #bd1 arriv$ 9 ,cairo 9 ! morn+ ( ! #bh?1 & on ! #cj? _h ! hon\r ( be+ pres5t$ at ,alex&ria by ! ,fr5* ,diplomatic ,ag5t to ,8 ,excell5cy ! ,briti% ,high ,commission] 9 ,egypt1 ,sir ,reg9ald ,w+ate4 ,z !re 0 no boat ready to />t = ,france1 ,i 0 able to satisfy my impati5ce to see an up-to-date fight+ front by a visit to ! ,briti% front l9es opposite ! ,turki% tr5*es :i* at t "t def5d$ ,gaza4 ,!n1 return+ to ,alex&ria1 ,i emb>k$ = ,malta4 ,f !re ,i rea*$ ,syracuse1 & !nce1 by ,mess9a1 ,naples1 ,rome1 & ,modane1 ,i arriv$ on #a ,octob] #aiag 9 ,p>is1 & f !re a few weeks lat] ,i jo9$ ! ,fr5* front4 #aj4 ,conclusions4 ,geographical ,results4--,9 ! c\rse ( ?is l5g?y /atem5t ,i h set =? 9 _! respective places ! pr9cipal geographical results obta9$ dur+ ! la/ five ye>s ( my /ay 9 ,c5tral ,africa2 b x w p]haps be conv5i5t to gr\p !m 9 a sep>ate p>agraph4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! great geographical problem ( anci5t fluvial communication betwe5 ! bas9s ( ! ,*ad & ! ,nile is def9itely solv$2 ! m\nta9\s b>ri] encircles ! bas9 ( ! ,*ad f ! ,t\mmo ,m\nta9s on ! nor? to ! ,djebel ,m>ra on ! s\?-ea/1 pass+ ?r\gh ! massif ( ,tibe/i1 ! plateau ( ,jef-,jef1 ! tablel&s ( ,erdi & ,enn$i1 ! hills ( ,zagawa1 & ! m\nta9s ( we/]n ,d> ,f\r4 ,9 ! second place1 ! l[e/ altitudes ( ! ,*ad bas9 are f\nd 9 ! pla9s ( ! l[-ly+ region situat$ to ! nor?-ea/ ( ,lake ,*ad1 :i* we h designat$ z 8! ,l[l&s ( ! ,*ad40 ,! l[e/ altitude1 ( #afj metres 7ab\t #ebj feet71 0 f\nd 9 ! anci5t lake ( ,kirri1 at a di/ance ( ab\t #bej miles f ,lake ,*ad4 ,x is t[>ds ?is l[-ly+ zone t all ! great valleys ( ! hydrographic sy/em ( ! ,we/]n ,sah>a seem to conv]ge4 ,x is to be presum$ t1 su* be+ ! conditions1 ! trac+ ( a hypsometric curve ( #bej or #bfj metres ( altitude 7t is to say1 slightly sup]ior to t ( ! actual ,*ad7 w\ld fix ! limits1 9 ! region ( ! ,*ad1 ! ,l[l&s ( ! ,*ad1 & ,bork\1 ( ! anci5t ,c5tral ,african lake zone1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* is prov$ by ! agreem5t ( ! geological1 topographical1 i*?yological1 malacological1 & o!r obs]vations made 9 ^! regions 9 ! c\rse ( ! la/ tw5ty ye>s4 ,are we to see 9 ! rema9s ( ?is =m] ,caspian ( ! ,sah>a ! ,*elonide m>%es ( ! geograph]s ( ! anci5t _w8 ,to d s w\ld n be altoge!r unreasonable if x be tak5 into acc\nt t1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 !re is n to be f\nd 9 ! s\?-we/ ( ! ,lybian des]t any o!r l[-ly+ region comb9+ conditions s fav\rable to ! exi/5ce ( a va/ zone ( lake or m>%4 ,aga91 if we be> 9 m9d c]ta9 local traditions decl>+ t t[>ds ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury native navigators 7 able to g 9 boats f ! ,*ad to ! ,l[l&s ( ! ,*ad by ! ,bahr el ,ghazal 7an ass]tion t ! pres5t appe>ance ( ,lake ,kirri1 rec5tly dri$ up1 makes suffici5tly probable71 "o may conclude t until ! e>ly c5turies ( ! ,*ri/ian era ?is l[-ly+ & n[ completely wat]less region ( ! l[l&s ( ! ,*ad may h be5 a great zone ( lakes & m>%es dott$ ) s&y or rocky ar*ipelagoes4 ,o!r facts may equally be not$ 9 corroboration ( ?is hypo!sis4 ,fir/ly1 ! num]\s lay]s ( %ells ( riv] molluscs & ! l>ge quantity ( fi%-bones to be met ) !re3 among ! latt] a fragm5t ( a skull & v]tebr exam9$ by ,m4 ,j4 ,pellegr91 :i* he ?\ght 7 to be attribut$ to a ,nile p]* 7,lates ,niloticus1 ,l47 ( ab\t #f or #g feet 9 l5g? 79 ! ,comptes ,r5dus de l',acadmie des ,sci5ces1 tome #afh1 ,no4 #ai1 p4 #ifc4 ,sance de #ab ,may #aiai72 & ! discov]y ( an elephant skeleton 9 a region :]e nei!r grass nor wat] is any long] to be f\nd4 ,att5tion might also be drawn to ! rock-draw+s ( ,y>da1 :]e hippopotami are repres5t$ among horses1 camels1 dogs1 & o/ri*es2 or to ! num]\s ru9s ( settl$ villages f\nd all up & d[n1 especially :]e ! ,bahr el ,ghazal falls into ! ,dj\rab4 ,la/ly1 x may be m5tion$ t on ! plat=m ( c]ta9 rocks 9 ,bork\ may be f\nd great cemet]ies t a native *ief attributes to a completely vani%$ race ( 8black ,*ri/ians40 ,b our rese>*es reveal$ to u no trace or ve/ige ( ,*ri/ian religion1 p]haps because we c\ld n devote en\gh "t to !m4 ,a ?ird important result has be5 to reveal ! geographical =m ( important m\nta9 masses l ,tibe/i & ,enn$i1 hi!rto %[n 9 a v imp]fect fa%ion on ! maps ( ,africa1 & ! exi/5ce ( ano!r important massif call$ t ( ,erdi1 connect+ ! two above m5tion$4 ,moreov]1 ! in=mation we receiv$ p]mits u to reveal to geograph]s ! exi/5ce 9 ! c5tre ( ! ,lybian des]t ( yet ano!r m\nta9 mass1 ! ,djebel ,el ,a\9at1 situat$ ab\t #aej miles s\?-ea/ ( ! oasis ( ,k\fra1 & ( :i* ! altitude probably exce$s #djjj feet4 ,a f\r? int]e/+ result has be5 ! precise det]m9ation ( ! diff]5ce ( longitude ,p>is-,faya by direct he>+ ( ! wireless "t-signals ( ! ,eiffel ,t[]4 ,num]\s rectifications ( ! positions attribut$ to v>i\s important po9ts h result$1 ! mo/ notable be+ t :i* ?r[s m ?an #ej miles to ! ,n4,n4,w4 ! positions attribut$ by ,na*tigal to ,b>da1 ! peak ( ,t\ssid1 ! valley ( ,z\>1 etc4 ,a fif? important result is furni%$ by ! discov]y 9 nor!rn ,bork\ ( ! ,h>lania ,h>lani1 :i* au?orizes u to affirm ! ,upp] ,silurian age ( all ! s&/one s$im5t>y =mations ( ,tibe/i1 ,erdi1 & ,enn$i4 ,a six? po9t w also1 no d\bt1 be rem>k$ by geograph]s3 f ! peak ( ,t\ssid t dom9ates ! nor?-we/ ( ! ,tibe/ian massif to ! ,djebel ,m>ra ov]look+ ! pla9s ( s\?-we/]n ,d> ,f\r1 t is to say1 = m ?an #hjj miles 9 a /raight l9e1 num]\s hypsometric det]m9ations h be5 effect$ :i* modify--sometimes by sev]al ?\s& feet--! altitudes ( ! *ief summits ( ! m\nta9 *a9 t sep>ates ! bas9 ( ! ,*ad f t ( ! ,m$it]ranean3 9 ,tibe/i1 ,t\ssid1 #aj1gjj feet in/ead ( #hbjj1 ,emi ,k\ssi1 #aa1bjj feet2 9 ,enn$i1 ! plateau ( ,erdb1 #dcjj feet2 9 ,tama1 ! peak ( ,nir1 #dgjj feet2 9 ,d> ,f\r1 ! peak ( ,d\rb\ll1 #gbjj feet1 ! ,djebel ,m>ra1 #ihjj feet in/ead ( #fjjj4 ,^! figures are giv5 m]ely z an indication subject to ! rectifications t w foll[ ! revision n[ proce$+ ( ! summ>y calculations rapidly effect$ dur+ my j\rney4 ,la/ly1 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! geographical liaison betwe5 ! ,nig]1 ! ,*ad1 & ! ,nile1 by a *a9 ( a/ronomical positions det]m9$ ) v satisfactory exactitude1 con/itutes a sev5? result1 all ! m int]e/+ 9 t x w p]mit ! draw+ up ( f\r %eets ( ! int]national map ( ! _w1 ?anks to ! #aj1jjj kilometres ( surveys trac$ by my collaborators & myself dur+ ?is long exp$ition4 ,f ?is geographical liaison all[ me to pass to ano!r k9d ( liaison & say a few words on a subject ,i h p>ticul>ly at he>t1 & :i* is ! conclusion n only ( ?is five ye>s' j\rney b also ( all ! j\rneys ,i h _h ! opportunity ( mak+ 9 ,c5tral ,africa s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! tw5tie? c5tury1--,i mean ! importance1 ,i w ev5 say ! necessity1 ( ,franco-,briti% collaboration 9 ! great "w ( ,african civilization4 ,:5 ,i fir/ set foot on ! ,d>k ,cont95t1 9 #ahif1 tropical & /ill my/]i\s ,africa 0 a subject ( discussions & rivalries betwe5 ,fr5* & ,briti% colonials2 b at ! pres5t "t tw5ty ye>s ( fruitful emulation h end$ 9 a def9ite & f9al division ( our v>i\s possessions1 & x seems to me t h5ce=? ,africa is de/9$ to be ! tangible pl$ge ( ! union ( our two c\ntries4 ,i believe t 9 ,engl& z 9 ,france a consid]able numb] ( ?\ghtful m5 hold t x is above all to ! ,african cont95t t we mu/ look 9 a v l>ge proportion = ! supply ( raw mat]ial & food/uffs t we ne$4 ,! "q is :e!r x is m to ! advantage ( ,france & ,engl& to co-op]ate z closely z possible 9 develop+ ^! va/ & practically unwork$ regions1 or :e!r x is pref]able = !m to pursue ?is object sep>ately1 ea* c\ntry limit+ its means ( action to its own sph]e ( influ5ce4 ,= my "p1 ,i hold t ! answ] is n d\btful3 our two c\ntries %\ld unite _! res\rces = a loyal collaboration 9 ?is ess5tial "w1 s z to assure its complete success z rapidly z possible4 ,i "k t ! problem is no v simple "o2 b h we n solv$ h>d] ones 9 ! c\rse ( ^! la/ ye>s1 :5 = bo? our c\ntries ! "q 0 8to be or n to be08 ,& s9ce x w\ld appe> t ! great & =midable economic /ruggle t is beg9n+ on ! morr[ ( ! victory is de/9$ to be z ke51 if n ke5]1 ?an ! milit>y /ruggle1 x seems to me t ! he>ty1 loyal1 & complete union ( our ef=ts c alone assure u ( success4 ,! ,trans-,sudanese4--,x is an axiom h5ce=? beyond argum5t t ! utilization ( ! ri*es runn+ to wa/e 9 ,tropical ,africa _c be s]i\sly tak5 9 h& until an adequate sy/em ( railways is con/ruct$4 ,all[ me1 9 br++ ?is lecture to an end1 to expla9 :at seems to me ! mo/ rational way ( conceiv+ ! g5]al programme ( ! ,african railways nor? ( ! equator4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we mu/ end[ ,africa ) a great transcont95tal l9e f we/ to ea/1 de/9$ to ensure rapid communication betwe5 ! diff]5t ,fr5* & ,briti% colonies bord]+ on ! ,sudan4 ,i h propos$ = ?is railway ! "n 8,transsudanese0 7,comptes ,r5dus ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces1 vol4 #afi1 p4 #dah4 ,sitt+ ( #a ,septemb] #aiai 7,gau?i] ,vill>s1 ,p>is772 & its ma9 l9es1 r\ghly indicat$ by ! natural features ( ,africa1 & foll[+ ! #ac? degree ( nor? latitude1 %\ld include ! foll[+ po9ts3-- 7a7 ,dak> & ,konakry1 />t+-po9ts on ! ,atlantic ,ocean2 7b7 ,ouagad\g\1 ,sokoto1 ,kano1 ,=t ,lamy1 ,kh>t\m1 cross+ ! ,fr5* ,sudan1 ,briti% ,nig]ia1 ! ,fr5* t]ritory ( ! ,*ad1 & ! ,anglo-,egyptian ,sudan2 7c7 ,port-,sudan & ,djib\ti1 t]m9i on ! ,r$ ,sea4 ,secondly1 along ?is 8,transsudanese0 w\ld be =m$ junctions at ! mo/ suitable po9ts1 ) local bran* l9es f ! diff]5t ,fr5* & ,briti% colonies t succe$ "o ano!r along ! ,atlantic coa/ f ! m\? ( ! ,s5egal to t ( ! ,congo4 ,?irdly1 ?is railway sy/em w\ld be connect$ ) ! ,m$it]ranean ports--on ! ea/ by ! ,nile valley railway f ,kh>t\m to ,cairo2 on ! we/ by a ,fr5* 8,transsah>ian10 />t+ f ! great b5d ( ! ,nig] & connect+ ) ! railway sy/ems ( ,tunis1 ,alg]ia1 & ,morocco1 & at "s future "t ) t ( ,europe by a tunnel "u ! ,/raits ( ,gibralt>1 or simply by tra9-f]ry4 ,among ! _m reasons urg5tly 9 fav\r ( ! con/ruction ( ! ,transsudanese1 ,i w conf9e myself to /at+ :at seems to me ! mo/ important & p]haps ! lea/ kn[n1 ! "q ( lab\r4 ,= x is g5]ally agre$ t ! op5+ up ( ,tropical ,africa _c be und]tak5 )\t ! l>ge co-op]ation ( black lab\r4 ,n[1 = long ye>s to come f\r-fif?s ( t lab\r w h to be suppli$ by ! ,sudanese populations1 mu* less wild & mu* less indol5t ?an ! great majority ( ! coa/ populations1 & consequ5tly bett] fitt$ to l5d useful aid to ,european ent]prises4 ,?is ,sudanese population1 :i* may be e/imat$ at "s fifte5 millions at ! l[e/ c\nt1 is spread ov] m ?an a million squ>e miles 7#djjj miles f we/ to ea/ f ! ,atlantic to ! ,r$ ,sea1 & #bej to #cjj miles f nor? to s\?1 betwe5 ! #aa? & ! #ae? degrees ( nor? latitude74 ,to recruit workm5 scatt]$ ov] su* va/ di/ances & convey !m )\t loss ( "t to ! po9ts :]e ,european ent]prises are ready to employ !m1 x is evid5t t an unbrok5 l9e ( railway mu/ pass ?r\gh ! total l5g? ( ! inhabit$ zone--t is to say1 ( ,sudanese ,africa4 ,& x is ( supreme importance t ?is railway %\ld n h to take into acc\nt ! political fronti]s ( ! v>i\s colonies pass$ ?r\gh1 & t its "o conc]n %\ld be to trav]se ! regions 9 :i* ! population is d5se/4 ,su* is "o ( ! ma9 consid]ations t fix ! *oice ( ! it9]>y & br+ me to ! conclusion t ! ,transsudanese--a "w ( g5]al int]e/ 9 ,africa1 & m p>ticul>ly a "w ( specially ,franco-,briti% int]e/--ought to be und]tak5 )\t delay1 & pu%$ =w>d z actively z may be by ! cordial co-op]ation ( ,france & ,great ,brita94 ,^! rem>ks d n apply to ! local railways ( ! diff]5t colonies1 ?\gh !y may be expect$ to p>ticipate l>gely 9 ! traffic ( ! ,transsudanese1 ei!r by c>ry+ d[n ! products ( ! int]ior to ! ports ( ! coa/ or by giv+ access to ! regions 9 ne$ ( developm5t1 & 9 :i* ,sudanese lab\r w be requir$4 ,i am ( op9ion t ^! railways1 limit$ z !y are to ! p>ticul> t]ritories ( ! sev]al colonies ^: economic developm5t !y ensure1 %\ld cont9ue to be con/ruct$ & manag$1 z hi!rto1 by ! colonies !y s]ve3 ^? colonies %\ld be> ! exp5se ( su* local l9es by _! own f9ancial res\rces1 or by ^? plac$ at _! disposal by ! "m-c\ntry4 ,z = ! ,transsah>ian1 de/9$ to connect ! railways ( ,nor? ,africa 7,morocco1 ,alg]ia1 ,tunis7 ) ^? ( ! ,nig] bas91 ,i h _h ! opportunity ( say+ 9 ano!r place t x has become a vital necessity ( ,fr5* colonial policy 9 ,africa--a necessity t ! great w> has prov$ to demon/ration4 ,= ?is reason ,i hold t its con/ruction %\ld be reg>d$ z a "w ( /rictly national int]e/4 ,/ill1 a glance at ! map w conv9ce ! obs]v] ( ! pr(it t w accrue to ! ,briti% ,we/ ,african colonies1 especially :5 x becomes possible to cross f ,europe to ,africa )\t ! inconv5i5ce ( a sea-passage4 ,i h (t5 be5 met by ! objection t ! ,transsah>ian 8w n pay02 t x w be almo/ exclusively a /rategic railway1 v labori\s to con/ruct1 & v co/ly to keep 9 work+ ord]4 ,su* is n my op9ion4 ,! ,transsah>ian1 once ! junction effect$ ) ! ,transsudanese1 w connect two exce$+ly ri* regions--! ,africa ( ! ,arab & ,b]b] races & ,black ,africa4 ,betwe5 ^! regions a consid]able comm]cial traffic w arise1 :i* w h an influ5ce z great or ev5 great] ?an t ( ! ,transsudanese itself on ! economic developm5t ( ,africa2 its receipts p] kilometre w be z l>ge if n l>g] ?an ^? ( ! mo/ fav\r$ ( ! railways runn+ f ! colonies along ! coa/ inl& t[>ds ! ,sudan1 = ! ,transsah>ian w be ! direct means ( p5etration into ! ri*e/ regions ( tropical ,africa1 n only f ,nor? ,africa1 b also f ! :ole ( ,we/]n ,europe4 #ahga-aiai ,may ,i say "o ^w ab\t ,tibe/i & ,bork\1 & s conclude8 ,half a c5tury ago1 :5 ,na*tigal1 aft] explor+ ! ,tibe/i1 came to ! %ores ( ,lake ,*ad1 be=e sett+ out aga9 to complete 8 "w by ! exploration ( ,kanem & ,bork\1 he le>nt by lett]s f ,tripoli ! victories t 8 native c\ntry ( ,g]many _h won ov] ,france4 ,& aga91 :5 he return$ to ,europe aft] f\r long ye>s ( abs5ce1 he f\nd t peace _h be5 made two ye>s e>li]1 & t our prov9ces ( ,alsace & ,lorra9e _h become "p ( ,g]many & 7 call$ ! ,rei*sl&2 ,france1 humiliat$1 0 j f9i%+ ! paym5t to ! conqu]or ( ! milli>ds t 7 to ha/5 ! lib]ation ( h] t]ritory4 ,by a /rik+ example ( ! way 9 :i* hi/ory sometimes repeats itself1 b ) a diff]5ce1 w> 0 once m =c$ on ,france by ,g]many at a mom5t :5 ,fr5* explor]s _h j set foot 9 ,bork\ & ,tibe/i 9 ord] to rectify1 revise1 & complete ! unf9i%$ "w ( ! ,g]man explor]6 ,& ! joy t fill$ ! he>t ( ,na*tigal :5 he return$ to ,europe to f9d 8 c\ntry triumphant1 & h] bord]s wid5$ ) ! spoils ( w>1 swells 9 our he>ts to-day6 ,= x is ,g]many n[ t kn[s ! humiliation ( pay+ milli>ds to obta9 ! lib]ation ( h] own t]ritory1 :ile ! tricol\r floats ov] ,metz & ,/rasburg1 & wat* inde$ is kept1 b to o!r music1 on ! ,rh9e6 ,f ?is p>allel1 may ,i v5ture to conclude t 9 h] treasure-h\se ( colonial jewels ,france may well f9d a place = arid ,bork\ & ! b>r5 ,tibe/i4 ,= w\ld x n seem t !y are1 9 "s sort1 talismans1 & t :5 ,gaul & ,g]man grapple on ! banks ( ! great riv] t 0 set by nature & de/9y to hold !m ap>t1 ,=tune1 t wayw>d goddess1 %all give victory to :i*ev] c\ntry has a son exil$ 9 ^? my/]i\s regions1 seek+1 by rock & des]t1 new ways across _! anci5t s&8 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,w4 ,g4 ,twe$ale1 ,m4,a41 ,oxon4 ,be=e ! pap] ! ,,presid5t said3 ,x is a special pleasure to u to welcome "h ?is ev5+ t well-kn[n ,fr5* explor] & geograph]1 ,colonel ,tilho4 ,we _h be5 long hop+ to h ! pleasure ( receiv+ him & ( he>+ an acc\nt ( 8 rec5t j\rneys f #aiab to #aiag1 b ow+ to ! press ( (ficial bus9ess he 0 n able to come "h 9 ! summ]1 & x is only by ! greate/ good =tune1 & by ! ex]cise ( a little tactful pressure ^u ! diff]5t ,gov]nm5ts1 t he has be5 able to be pres5t ?is ev5+4 ,?is is n ! fir/ occasion ^u :i* he has be5 be=e ! ,society4 ,he gave u a mo/ int]e/+ pap] ab\t t5 ye>s ago1 s t he is n a /rang]1 & we are v glad to welcome him aga94 ,:at he w describe to u ?is ev5+ w be 8 j\rneys 9 ,c5tral ,africa & ! ,fr5* ,sudan betwe5 ! ye>s #aiab & #aiag2 & x 0 = ! valuable "w :i* he did dur+ ^? j\rneys & = 8 g5]al contribution to geographical k t we aw>d$ him1 two ye>s ago1 our ,patron's ,gold ,m$al4 ,i h1 !re=e1 v great pleasure 9 introduc+ ,colonel ,tilho to y & ask+ him n[ to address u4 ,colonel ,tilho !n gave 9 ,fr5* a summ>y ( ! pap] pr9t$ above1 & a discussion foll[$4 ,! ,,presid5t 7aft] ! pap]73 ,sir ,h5ry ,mc,mahon1 :o 0 ,high ,commission] 9 ,egypt dur+ "p ( ! w>1 is pres5t "h1 & we %all be v glad if he w k9dly make "s obs]vations 9 reg>d to ,colonel ,tilho's int]e/+ lecture4 ,colonel ,sir ,,h5ry ,,mcmahon3 ,we are mu* indebt$ to ,colonel ,tilho = a mo/ int]e/+ pap] to-night4 ,x is n only ( v great int]e/1 b a valuable contribution to geographical k4 ,i w leave ! discussion ( ! lecture z reg>ds its geographical & c>tographical aspect to o!rs1 b !re is "o portion ( ! pap] to :i* ,i %\ld l to call y\r att5tion4 ,z ,colonel ,tilho has told y1 dur+ ! w> ! ,g]mans & ,turks got a foot+ 9 ,tripoli4 ,he has told y h[ ,env] ,pa%a's bro!r1 ,nuri ,bey1 l&$ on t coa/1 & ) him _m ,g]mans4 ,_! object 0 to get into t\* ) ! ,s5ussi2 raise ! :ole c\ntry aga9/ u ?r\gh ! ,s5ussi influ5ce1 & ?reat5 our we/]n flank bo? 9 ,egypt & ! ,sudan4 ,!y v ne>ly succe$$2 & if our brave allies1 ! ,fr5*1 _h n =e/all$ !m 9 ! c\ntry describ$ to-night1 !y w\ld und\bt$ly h e/abli%$ !mselves !re4 ,x is a valuable objective z be+ ! fir/ place 9 :i* wat] & supplies c be got aft] leav+ ! oasis ( ,kufra4 ,we w imag9e = "o mom5t t !y _h e/abli%$ !mselves !re4 ,y c at once see :at a dang]\s focus ( intrigue & unre/1 :at a s\rce ( dang] x w\ld h be5 on our flank all along our we/]n front4 ,hav+ =e/all$ ! enemy !re1 no fur!r tr\ble ensu$1 b our fri5d ! ,sultan ( ,d>fur1 :o misjudg$ ! "t ( ! ,s5ussi arrival & c\nt$ too confid5tly on _! aid1 _h already />t$ ho/ilities ) u1 & a w> ensu$ :i* 9 times ( peace w\ld h attract$ wide public att5tion b 9 ! days :5 our int]e/ 0 s conc5trat$ on o!r fronts x almo/ escap$ notice4 ,suffice to say t by a brilliant s]ies ( milit>y op]ations1 our troops1 "u ! direction ( ,sir ,reg9ald ,w+ate1 ! ,sird> ( ! ,sudan1 drove him out ( 8 capital & took ! :ole ( 8 c\ntry4 ,if ! ,s5ussi _h at ?is "t be5 e/abli%$ ) _! ,g]man & ,turki% assi/ants on our flank1 x might h be5 a v diff]5t job inde$4 ,i look ^u ?is incid5t z an object lesson ( ! good t co-op]ation c effect 9 a "w ( ?is k9d1 & x is1 ,i hope1 n only an object lesson ( :at has be5 done 9 ! pa/ times ( w>1 b an augury ( :at we c d & %\ld d betwe5 u 9 ! future times ( peace4 ,z ,colonel ,tilho has expla9$ to y1 co-op]ation is ess5tial = ! developm5t ( ?is great c\ntry ( ,africa1 & ,i tru/ t x w be ! guid+ pr9ciple ( our two great nations n only 9 ! developm5t ( t c\ntry1 b 9 fur!r+ ! welf>e ( ! backw>d peoples plac$ "u our gu>dian%ip4 ,! ,,presid5t3 ,! ,fr5* ,milit>y ,atta* is pres5t & we %\ld be v pleas$ if he w\ld k9dly address u4 ,g5]al ! ,,viscomte ,,de ,,la ,,pan\se3 ,je ne savais pas que j'aurais pr5dre la p>ole ce soir en sorte que je me tr\ve un peu pris au dp\rvu4 ,je v\s dem&]ais donc la p]mission de m'exprim] en ,franais4 ,il y a quelques v+t ans1 il eut t impossible de discut] ici dans une atmosphre de calme et de confiance mutuelle une "q relative au c5tre du ,cont95t ,africa94 ,heureusem5t depuis cette poque1 grce aux bi5faisants accords de #aijd1 les mal5t5dus entre le ,royaume ,uni et la ,france se sont dissips1 l',ent5te ,cordiale e/ ne1 elle s'e/ dveloppe et elle a vu son c\ronnem5t dans une alliance militaire troite et loyale p5dant la plus gr&e gu]re que le monde ait vue4 ,le ,colonel ,tilho v\s a expos p\rquoi dans le dveloppem5t conomique de ce ,gr& ,c5tre ,africa91 l'action unie des deux gr&es ,nations e/ ncessaire s\s pe9e d'ab\tir un gaspillage inutile d'ef=ts et d'arg5t4 ,mais je vois aussi une autre raison p\r laquelle n\s devons travaill] ensemble2 l',empire ,britannique et la ,france ont lutt p5dant cette gr&e gu]re p\r faire triomph] les pr9cipes du droit et de la lib]t contre l'oppression et la b>b>ie4 ,notre victoire n\s a cr des obligations et en p>ticuli] celle de df5dre les populations noires contre la tyrannie des m>*&s d'esclaves et de l'oppression des sectes musulmanes et de leur donn] le bi5-tre auquel a droit t\t tre huma94 ,ce devoir ne s]a utilem5t rempli que si nos nations s'ent5d5t sur les mesures pr5dre et les ralis5t en commun4 ,la belle uvre d'humanit accomplir s]a a9si un n\veau li5 entre les deux ,gr&es ,puissances qui se p>tag5t le cont95t ,africa94 ,! ,,presid5t3 ,we h be5 =tunate to cat* ,sir ,h>ry ,john/on4 ,he is "o ( our greate/ au?orities ^u ,africa g5]ally1 bo? ,c5tral & ,nor!rn4 ,we %\ld be v glad if he w\ld make "s rem>ks4 ,sir ,,h>ry ,,john/on3 ,i _h ! hon\r "s ye>s ago1 j aft] ! w> _h />t$1 ( %[+ y a some:at simil> map ( ,africa ) railways design$ on x p>tly by my own fancy1 & ,i may say to a great ext5t by foll[+ ,fr5* fancies too2 = ab\t t "t ,i _h be5 9 ! nor? ( ,africa1 & _h be5 all[$ to pursue = a c]ta9 di/ance ! trac+ ( ! project$ trans-,sah>an railway1 ! progress ( :i* 0 only /opp$ by ! w>4 ,i conceiv$ !n ! idea t x 0 ( ! highe/ importance to ,we/]n ,europe t t l9e %\ld be made1 ?\gh ,i1 l mo/ ( y1 did n appreciate ! influ5ce on affairs t ! subm>9e w\ld h2 b ( c\rse t conviction has be5 /r5g!n$ by ! ev5ts ( ! w>4 ,_h we _h ! trans-,sah>an railway 9 exi/5ce dur+ ! w> we %\ld n h suff]$ z mu* z we did f ! loss ( "s ( ! mo/ important mat]ials = our indu/ries caus$ by ! int]ruptions ( ! sea r\tes1 ! de/ruction ( /eam]s1 etc4 ,x is a matt] ( absolute necessity1 ,i consid]1 t t trans-,sah>an l9e %\ld be made to l9k up ! valley ( ! ,nig] ) ,fr5* ,nor? ,africa1 & fur!r ) ,we/]n ,europe2 because1 z ,colonel ,tilho has po9t$ out1 ! *annel betwe5 ,tangi] & ! ,spani% coa/ c\ld be easily patroll$ & kept free ( subm>9es1 & ev5 cross$ by tra9 f]ries4 ,!n ano!r po9t ,i %\ld l to raise is z to ! fur!r exploration ( ^? ,tibe/i highl&s & ! l(ty plateaus t are connect$ ) !m on ! nor?-we/ & s\?-ea/4 ,colonel ,tilho did n m5tion 9 8 disc\rse :at he said to me privately1 t he _h f\nd 9 "s p>ts ( t region1 possibly ,borku1 fossiliz$ bones ( elephants4 ,he has ref]r$ to ! native leg5ds & to ! draw+s on ! rocks :i* po9t to ! exi/5ce ( hippopotami 9 regions n[ entirely devoid ( surface wat]4 ,he %[$ "s ( ^! engrav+s4 ,!y are v simil> to rock draw+s :i* c be trac$ "r across ! ,sah>a des]t1 exhibit+ a fauna n[ completely pass$ away4 ,"o reason :y ,tibe/i %\ld be explor$ is1 t we might f9d !re ! fossil & semi-fossil rema9s ( a v ext5sive tropical ,african fauna1 because t i/hmus ( high l& betwe5 ! s\? ( ,tunis on ! nor?1 & ,d>fur & ! regions r\nd ,lake ,*ad on ! s\?1 seems to h be5 ! pr9cipal r\te by :i* ! fauna ( ,mioc5e & ,plioc5e ,europe & ! ,m$it]ranean bas9 rea*$ ,tropical ,africa4 ,!re are m & m indications t ! ,sah>a des]t to ! we/ & ! ,libyan & ,nubian des]ts to ! ea/ 7 =m]ly "u wat]1 & !re=e *eck$ ! progress ( bea/s & man across ! ,sah>a into ,c5tral ,africa2 b ?is high ridge always rema9$ well above ! limits ( su* lakes1 m>%es1 or inl& seas4 ,tibe/i 0 a well- wat]$ region ) at "o "t q a heavy ra9fall d[n to ab\t tw5ty ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,be=e ! w> susp5d$ su* ent]prises1 ! savants ( ,france 7 explor+ ! wond]ful sub-fossil rema9s ( ,alg]ia :i* reveal$ to u ! exi/5ce !re ( a mammalian fauna resembl+ t ( mod]n tropical ,africa1 ( ! region s\? ( ! ,sah>a4 ,) t fauna 7 m+l$ 9 a v int]e/+ degree creatures :i* at ! pres5t "t are re/rict$ to ,india4 ,= in/ance1 !re 0 some?+ s l an ,indian elephant t x might be call$ ! ,indian elephant1 exi/+ almo/ d[n to ! human p]iod 9 ,alg]ia4 ,!re 0 a wild camel1 an equ9e resembl+ a zebra2 !re 7 gnus1 h>tebee/s1 oryxes1 & o!r types ( mod]n ,african antelopes2 & !re 0 a ,tragelaph alli$ to ! ,nilghai2 !re 0 a huge buffalo ) almo/ incr$ible horns--#ad feet long--incr$ible 7 x n t its exi/5ce is prov$ n only by its fossil rema9s b by ! draw+s ( primitive man4 ,! ,f\reau-,lamy ,exp$ition1 ,i believe1 f\nd _m ( ! dry torr5t-b$s ( ! elevat$ ,ahagg> region *ok$ ) hippopotamus bones4 ,!re is ev]y?+ to po9t to q a rec5t & rapid *ange 9 ! climate ( ! ,sah>a1 :i*1 well )9 ! human p]iod1 0 a region ab\nd+ 9 wat] d]iv$ f a heavy ra9fall1 & ri*ly end[$ ) =e/ areas1 z we may see f ! rema9s ( petrifi$ trees4 ,?is w br+ home to y :at ga9s might come to sci5ce & to our k ( ! evolution ( life on ?is planet if we c\ld only ?or\ghly explore ! ,sah>a1 & above all su* regions z ! ,tibe/i highl&s4 ,major ,,hanns ,,vis*]3 ,j aft] ,i _h cross$ ! ,sah>a1 "s ye>s ago1 ,i _h ! great pleasure to meet ,colonel ,tilho 9 ,nig]ia2 & la/ "t we met--,i ?9k 9 #aiji--to celebrate our homecom+ 9 ,p>is1 we spoke ( ! "w 9 ,africa ( our two respective c\ntries4 ,dur+ my j\rney1 & :5ev] ,i met ! ,fr5* 9 ^? regions1 ,i 0 p>ticul>ly impress$ by ! difficulties & privations ^! (fic]s suff]$ s *e]fully4 ,9 ,nig]ia we _h our railway1 & we got frequ5t leave4 ,z ,i rememb]$ ^? isolat$ po/s 9 ! he>t ( ! ,sah>a1 :ile look+ at ! pictures we saw to-night1 sep>at$ by hundr$s ( miles1 r>ely gett+ a mail or any provisions f ! coa/ dur+ ^? long ye>s ( w>1 :5 few boats w5t to ! ,we/ ,coa/ ( ,africa1 ,i 0 fill$ ) admiration = ! "w done by ,colonel ,tilho & 8 comrades4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 lecture ! ,colonel %[$ cle>ly h[ necess>y x is = u to co-op]ate 9 ,africa1 n only = ! welf>e ( ! native p b also = ! v exi/5ce ( our respective colonies4 ,he has %[n to u to-night h[ well we c complem5t ea* o!r4 ,:5 t ,g]man-,turki% column advanc$ s\? across ! des]t1 at a mom5t :5 we _h s5t mo/ ( our troops f ,nig]ia to ,ea/ ,africa1 x w\ld h be5 a h>d ?+ = ! p 9 our colony if ! (fic]s "u ,colonel ,tilho's ord]s1 assi/$ by "s native troops s5t nor? f ,nig]ia1 _h n be5 able to arre/ ! enemy's progress4 ,! ,,presid5t3 ,i "k y w all want me to congratulate ,colonel ,tilho on y\r behalf on ! lucid1 graceful1 & humor\s lecture he has giv5 u ?is ev5+4 ,!re has be5 great talk ab\t ! co-op]ation betwe5 u & ! ,fr5*1 & ,i ?9k we might g a little deep] ev5 ?an t4 ,:5 we c get a ,fr5* (fic] l ,colonel ,tilho ov] "h 9 ! fle%1 & c he> f 8 own lips :at he has done1 :5 he %[s u pictures ( ! k9d ( c\ntry he has _h to make 8 way ?r\gh1 ! k9d ( p he has _h to make fri5ds )3 :5 we see all t1 c]ta9ly we :o h _h to d simil> "w 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w--& probably y at home1 ev5 ?\gh y h n _h t great pleasure & hon\r1 mu/ h a v deep fell[-feel+ ) him & 8 compatriots--we feel t !re is some?+ deep & common betwe5 u :5 we realize s vividly ! "w t !y are do+1 ! difficulties t !y h _h to enc\nt]1 & ! great "w ( civilization & humanization :i* !y are c>ry+ on 9 ^! f> remote recesses ( ,c5tral ,africa4 ,we h _h to d ! same ?+s ourselves 9 o!r p>ts ( ! _w4 ,we see ! results ( our own ef=ts1 & ,colonel ,tilho ?is ev5+ has %[n u :at ! ,fr5* h done 9 op5+ out ! great arid wa/es ( ! ,sah>a des]t & ! ,fr5* ,sudan4 ,:at !y h done & :at we h done is good = ! _w z a :ole4 ,x has all be5 op5$ out gradually 9 ! c\rse ( ye>s1 n only = ! ,fr5* & n only = ! ,briti%1 b = all nations4 ,!re=e we "h 9 ,engl&1 we 9 ?is ,society1 w s5d =? a v he>ty ^w ( congratulation to ! ,fr5*1 & especially to ,colonel ,tilho1 = ! great "w :i* !y are do+ 9 ,c5tral ,africa4 ,he has made v important geographical discov]ies1 & has ref]r$ to new me?ods ( geographical obs]vation4 ,wireless telegraphy = ! purpose ( det]m9+ longitude is a comp>atively new me?od1 b "o :i* is va/ly valuable1 because1 z we :o h tri$ to det]m9e longitudes 9 f>-away places "k1 9 old days x 0 impossible to get ! longitude at all exactly4 ,we c\ld get ! latitude fairly accurately1 )9 a few hundr$ y>ds1 b longitude we c\ld nev] get to )9 a few miles4 ,n[ by means ( wireless telegraphy we are able to get longitude ) almo/ complete exactitude1 ev5 9 ! he>t ( ! ,fr5* ,sudan4 ,colonel ,tilho has also made a slight allusion to ano!r mod]n inv5tion :i* ,i ?9k 9 future w prove ( great s]vice1 & t is ! a]oplane4 ,we %all he> m ( t at our next meet+2 b :5 y see ^? va/ wat]less regions1 :5 y he> f ,colonel ,tilho ( ! enorm\s difficulty 9 gett+ across !m ) camels1 !n we see ( :at use ! a]oplane might h be5 made = prelim9>y geographical reconnaissance4 ,^? two inv5tions1 ,i am c]ta91 w be ( enorm\s s]vice to geography4 ,i n[ wi% on y\r behalf to t5d] to ,colonel ,tilho a mo/ he>ty vote ( ?anks = 8 lecture ?is ev5+1 & also = 8 great k9dness1 at consid]able p]sonal inconv5i5ce1 9 com+ across f ,p>is to give u ?is pap]4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,a sort ( camp-foll[]s ^: bus9ess 9 life is w>f>e 9 all its bran*es except t ( fight+3 exp]ts 9 all mann] ( des]t craft1 sc\ts1 flank-gu>ds1 f9d]s ( /ray$ camels or sorely ne$$ wells4 ,swift to detect ! incompet5ce or bad fai? ( local guides1 !y =m ! necess>y complem5t to ! fight+ /r5g? ( any exp$ition 9 ,c5tral ,africa4 ,footnote #b3 ,?is acc\nt w be publi%$ 9 ! next numb] ( ! ,j\rnal4--,,ed4 ,g4,j4