,,old ,,_w ,,ma/]s ,,9 ,,new ,,_w ,,collections ,illu/ration ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,new ,,york 4 ,,bo/on 4 ,,*icago 4 ,,dallas ,,atlanta 4 ,,san ,,francisco ,,macmillan ,,co41 ,,limit$ ,,london 4 ,,bombay 4 ,,calcutta ,,melb\rne ,,! ,,macmillan ,,co4 ,,( ,,canada1 ,,ltd4 ,,toronto ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan ,,giovanna ,,tornabuoni --,dom5ico ,ghirl&aio ,,old ,,_w ,,ma/]s ,,9 ,,new ,,_w ,,collections ,,by ,,e/h] ,,s+leton ,new ,york ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company #aibi ,,copyright1 #aibi1 ,,by ,,! ,,macmillan ,,company ,,set ,,up ,,& ,,electrotyp$4 ,,publi%$ ,,janu>y1 #aibi4 ,,set ,,up ,,& ,,electrotyp$ ,,by ,t4 ,,morey ,,son ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,,by ,,b]wick ,,smi? ,,co4 ,,preface ,x is notewor?y t ! fir/ book to be publi%$ 9 any c\ntry & 9 any language treat+ ( ,old ,ma/]s 9 private ,collections %\ld be devot$ exclusively to treasures 9 ,am]ica4 ,old ,_w ,ma/]s 9 ,new ,_w ,collections may be call$ a p]man5t loan exhibition ( ! greate/ & mo/ r5[n$ examples ( ,art 9 ,am]ica1 :i* _c be se5 any:]e b 9 ?is volume4 ,x is ow+ to ! graci\s response & c\rtesy ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ,am]ican ,collectors t ,i am able to pres5t betwe5 ^! cov]s a selection ( a hundr$ & t5 ( ! *oice/ pa9t+s 9 ! c\ntry1 repres5t+ portraits1 religi\s & my?ological subjects1 & g5re f ! ,?irte5? ?r\gh ! ,eighte5? ,c5turies4 ,"o ( ! pr9cipal factors 9 ! =mation ( _m ( ^! magnific5t ,collections has be5 ! out/&+ influ5ce ( ,sir ,joseph ,duve51 ,b>t41 "u ^: guidance ! =emo/ ,am]ican ,collections h be5 rais$ to a dom9at+ position 9 ! _w ( art4 ,x is significant t among ! pa9t+s reproduc$ "h1 ! great] numb] h be5 br\ght to ?is c\ntry by ,sir ,joseph ,duve52 & ,i am happy to express my ?anks to ,sir ,joseph = 8 en?usia/ic int]e/ & enc\ragem5t to me ?r\gh\t ! entire prep>ation ( ?is volume4 ,a v int]e/+ feature 9 ?is book is ! di/+ui%$ own]%ip ( ^! pa9t+s3 ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 = in/ance1 own$ ,lancret's ,la ,cam>go1 ! celebrat$ ,fr5* danc]2 ,que5 ,*ri/9a ( ,sw$51 ,raphael's ,agony 9 ! ,g>d52 ,madame de ,pompad\r1 ,*>d9's ,la ,s]9ette & ,b\*]'s ,les ,deux ,confid5tes2 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 ,rembr&t's ,/&>d-,be>]2 ,sir ,horace ,walpole1 ,rembr&t's ,simeon & ,m>y2 & ,*>les ,le ,brun1 ,p\ss9's ,jupit] & ,cali/o4 ,fra ,filippo ,lippi's ,madonna della ,/ella came directly to ! pres5t own] f ! ,mona/]y ( ! ,c>m9e 7,flor5ce7 = :i* x 0 pa9t$2 ,raphael's ,niccol9i ,madonna1 f ! ,niccol9i ,palace2 ,titian's ,cat]9a ,corn>o1 f ! ,ricc>di ,palace1 ,flor5ce2 ,b>tolommeo ,v5eto's ,maximilian ,s=za1 f ! ,s=za ,palace1 ,milan2 ,rub5s's ,l\is ,,xiii1 ,k+ ( ,france1 f ! ex-,emp]or ( ,g]many's ,palace ( ,*>lott5burg2 & ,van ,dyck's ,ddalus & ,ic>us1 f ! fam\s ,collection ( ,e>l ,sp5c] at ,al?orp & 0 consequ5tly 9 ! home ( ! ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire1 ^: beautiful eyes mu/ h frequ5tly look$ ^u x4 ,holbe9's ,pr9ce ,edw>d ( ,engl& 0 pa9t$ = ,k+ ,h5ry ,,viii2 & ) ! portrait ( ,sir ,?omas ,m1 ,holbe9's great reputation began4 ,( all ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds's portraits ,mrs4 ,siddons z ! ,tragic ,muse is consid]$ ! greate/2 & ,ga9sbor\gh's ,blue ,boy & ! ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire rank among ! _w's mo/ fam\s pictures4 ,surpass+ ! ,blue ,boy 9 beauty & *>m 7?\gh n s fam\s7 & depict+ )al a f> loveli] p]sonality1 is ,romney's ,john ,walt] ,tempe/2 & ,romney's ,lady ,d]by & ! ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,dav5port w /& =ev] among ! lovelie/ pres5tations ( *>m+ womanhood4 ,on a p> ) ^! are ,la ,m>quise de ,villemomble1 by ,dr\ais2 ,la ,m>quise de la ,f>e1 by ,fragon>d2 & ,la ,m>quise de ,baglion by ,natti]4 ,_m critics call ! la/ nam$ "w ! greate/ ,fr5* portrait ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,we read ) amazem5t ( ,european ,collectors & ,collections ( ! pa/3 ( ! treasures own$ by ! weal?y ,dukes ( ,burgundy2 by ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t & by o!r memb]s ( ! ,m$ici family2 by ! ,s=zas1 ,gonzagas1 d',e/es1 & o!r ,italian pr9ces2 by ! ,fugg]s1 ^? weal?y bank]s ( ,augsburg2 by noble ,au/rian & ,g]man b>ons2 by ! great m]*ant-pr9ces & lords ( ,engl& f ,que5 ,elizabe?'s day to ! pres5t2 by ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu1 ,c>d9al ,maz>9 & ,c>d9al de ,rohan2 & by ! ,ro?s*ilds & o!r notable bank]s4 ,yet1 9 "s respects--p>ticul>ly 9 ! high quality ( _! ,collections & ! velocity ) :i* ^! ,collections h be5 made--our ,am]ican ,collectors surpass !m all4 ,on ?is po9t ,sir ,joseph ,duve5 rem>ks3 8,! p>ticul> ?+ t makes ,am]ican ,collections s unique & s priceless is t _! pictures are all ma/]pieces4 ,9 ,europe y w f9d mu* l>g] ,collections & ^! w h1 l ! ,bridgewat] = in/ance1 a l>ge numb] ( v m$iocre pa9t+s & a few ( supreme excell5ce--gems--magnific5t6 ,_m ,collections 9 ,engl& & also on ! ,cont95t g into hundr$s ) j a few f9e ?+s4 ,9 ,am]ica1 on ! contr>y1 e ,collector wants ! be/4 ,he may h only ?irty pictures1 b !y w all be f9e4 ,am]icans make ,collections ( ma/]pieces4 ,t is :y !y are diff]5t4 ,t is :y ,am]icans are a new race ( ,collectors4 ,am]ican ,collections are ,collections ( ,ma/]pieces40 ,! ,blue ,boy pur*as$ f ! ,duke ( ,we/m9/] by ,sir ,joseph ,duve5 = ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton at ! !n unhe>d ( sum ( #hjj1jjj set ! imag9ation ( ! ,am]ican public aflame4 ,:5 exhibit$ at ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london1 & aft]w>ds at ! ,duve5 ,gall]ies1 ,new ,york1 = *>ity 9 #aibb1 ! :ole _w flock$ to see x4 ,! ,blue ,boy prov$ to be a 8s5sation40 ,)9 a few mon?s ,ga9sbor\gh's ma/]piece 0 foll[$ by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds's ,mrs4 ,siddons z ! ,tragic ,muse1 also pur*as$ f ! ,duke ( ,we/m9/] by ,sir ,joseph ,duve5 = ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton = #ejj1jjj4 ,mrs4 ,siddons 01 9 h] turn1 foll[$ by eighte5 sup]b examples ( ,ga9sbor\gh1 ,romney1 ,reynolds1 & ,lawr5ce1 sev]al ( :i* appe> 9 ?is book4 ,x 01 !re=e1 ! ,engli% ,s*ool t />t$ ! ball roll+ = a new type ( ,collector1 :o s\ght gems ( ! fir/ wat] only4 ,f ?is p]iod onw>d great pa9t+s ( all ,s*ools--,italian1 ,fr5*1 ,dut*1 ,flemi%1 & ,spani%1 z well z ,engli%--h be5 com+ across ! ,atlantic 9 amaz+ numb]s1 & ) eag]ly await+ pur*as]s to greet !m4 ,! result is t ,am]ica has become a great ,repository ( ,art1 9 :i* ! entire c\ntry is beg9n+ to take a p]sonal & ju/ifiable pride4 ,on ?is "q ( ,art-migration ! not$ critic & director ( ! ,b]l9 ,museum1 ,dr4 ,wilhelm von ,bode1 wrote n long ago3 8,any "o :o a decade ago _h ev5 h9t$ at ! possibility ( ,ga9sbor\gh's ,blue ,boy mak+ its way across ! ,atlantic to become ! c5tral gem 9 ! ,hunt+ton ,collection w\ld h be5 ?\ght mad4 ,he might z well h sugge/$ ! uproot+ ( ,engl&'s c5tury old oaks1 or ! removal ( ! ,rock ( ,gibralt>4 ,& yet ! impossible has happ5$2 & n only ! fam\s ,blue ,boy b _m ano!r ( ! _w's ma/]pieces has travell$ ! same r\te4 8,?is is ! greate/ transplantation ( art-works ! _w has kn[n s9ce ! ,roman plund]+ ( ,grecian art & ! rape ( ! *ur*es & museums ( ,europe :]eby ,napoleon enri*$ ! ,l\vre4 8,no p[] on e>? c turn back ! pages ( hi/ory to ! fir/ ( ,augu/1 #aiad1 on :i* day =ces 7 set 9 motion t 7 to result 9 a complete rev]sal ( all hi!rto exi/+ political1 geographical1 social1 & economic values4 ,no "o c\ld h =ese5 at ! "t t ! _w's accumulat$ art-treasures w\ld also be affect$ by ^! sweep+ *anges40 ,f ! amaz+ weal? t has be5 s g5]\sly plac$ at my disposition1 ,i h be5 guid$ by "o pr9ciple ( selection1--t ( ,beauty6 ,art1 accord+ to my way ( ?9k+1 is some?+ to be enjoy$1 some?+ to delight ! s5ses1 & some?+ to refre% ! m9d2 & ,i feel sure t _m connoisseurs w agree ) me & gladly welcome a book devot$ to ,old ,ma/]s 9 :i* n ! slighte/ sugge/ion ( suff]+ ent]s4 ,!re=e1 9 ?is book !re are no ,crucifixions1 ,piets1 m>tyrdoms1 nor trag$ies4 ,nor 9 my def9ition ( ,beauty d ,i recognize any di/ortion ( ! ^w t might include ! cant phrase--! 8beauty ( ugl9ess40 ,beauty1 :5 mo/ subtle1 is always obvi\s2 & ,i agree he>tily ) ,b]n>d ,b]5son's dictum3 8,& n :at man kn[s b :at man feels conc]ns ,art4 ,all else is sci5ce40 ,fa%ions may come & fa%ions may g1 b :ile ^! *ang+ tides ebb & fl[ ! great manife/ations & expressions ( g5ius %9e ) undimm$ spl5dor z %9e ! />s ( ,heav5 ov] a _w rack$ ) diss5sion & controv]sy & tr\bl$ ) _m %ell-%ock$ m9ds4 ,%akespe>e & ,%elley & ,keats & ,t5nyson w *>m1 inspire1 & uplift g5]ations to come :5 yawp+ v]s libre has be5 ?r[n into ! lit]>y junk-heap2 ,bee?ov5 & ,*op9 & ,wagn] w delight1 a/\nd1 & refre% s5sitive spirits :5 ! scores ( ! ,tw5tie? ,c5tury cacophoni/s w be unop5$ & coat$ ) du/2 & ,raphael1 ,botticelli1 ,watteau1 ,fragon>d1 ,*>d91 ,ga9sbor\gh1 ,reynolds1 & ,romney w fasc9ate1 en?rall1 & enrapture lov]s ( ! beautiful :5 works ( jo/l$ planes & lurid color w h be5 hoot$ to ext9ction4 ,! ,tor* ( ,beauty burns brightly ?r\gh all ! confusion ( tongues & wild rag+s ( ,tw5tie? ,c5tury iconocla/s4 ,9 ?is belief & hope ,i h ! support ( ! not$ ,fr5* critic1 ,rob]t de la ,siz]anne1 :o says3 8,art nev] dies1 ev5 :5 all t has ma9ta9$ x & s]v$ z ! motive = its v exi/5ce--civilization1 society1 religi\s belief1 social au?ority--has fall5 into irrem$iable decay4 ,= x has /ill ano!r reason = exi/5ce1 :i* is ! p[]ful "o ( ,beauty4 ,humanity is n ri* en\gh to disp5se ) a vision ( ,beauty4 ,! day comes :5 x w return to x gladly & acclaim x z if x 7 a liv+ be+40 ,"s idea ( ! value ( ! pa9t+s %[n 9 ?is book w be _h if ,i m5tion a few sums :i* 7 rea*$ at ! la/ sales1 al?\gh ! figures h ris5 consid]ably s9ce ^? sales4 ,"h are1 = example1 twelve pa9t+s3 ,ga9sbor\gh's ,h>ve/ ,waggon1 #cfj1jjj2 ,lawr5ce's ,p9kie1 #cgg1jjj2 ,ga9sbor\gh's ,blue ,boy1 #hjj1jjj2 ,reynolds's ,mrs4 ,siddons1 #ejj1jjj2 ,raphael's ,small ,c[p] ,madonna1 #gjj1jjj2 ,raphael's ,niccol9i ,madonna1 #hge1jjj2 ,frans ,hals's ,laugh+ ,m&ol9 ,play]1 #bej1jjj2 ,botticelli's ,giuliano de' ,m$ici1 #bdj1jjj2 ,raphael's ,agony 9 ! ,g>d51 #ejj1jjj2 ,ga9sbor\gh's ,! ,mall1 #ejj1jjj2 ,romney's ,! ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,dav5port1 #cjd1gjj2 & ,romney's ,anne1 ,lady de la ,pole1 #bjf1hej4 ,h5ce x w be se5 t ^! twelve pa9t+s repres5t consid]ably m ?an #e1ejj1jjj4 ,) ^! figures 9 m9d 7& ,i h n attempt$ to e/imate ! ,meml+s1 ,holbe9s1 ,bell9is1 ,crivellis1 ,titians1 ,rembr&ts1 ,van ,dycks1 ,fragon>ds1 ,natti]s1 & o!rs7 x w be easily appreciat$ t ! value ( ! pa9t+s %[n 9 ?is book so>s beyond millions into ! billion doll> class6 ,x gives me pleasure to (f] my ?anks to all ! ,collectors ^: pictures are repres5t$ & v p>ticul>ly to ,mrs4 ,h]b]t ,l4 ,satt]lee1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan1 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,*>les ,p4 ,taft1 & ,miss ,hel5 ,c4 ,frick :o p]mitt$ me to h photographs especially tak5 ( ! ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire1 & ,lady ,betty ,delm2 ,eliza ,f>r51 ,c\ntess ( ,d]by2 ,m>ia ,walpole1 ,du*ess ( ,gl\ce/] & 8,! ,jessamy ,bride02 & ,sir ,?omas ,m4 ,i also wi% to ?ank mo/ cordially ,mr4 ,felix ,wild5/e9 = 8 valuable advice & approbation & = important mat]ial s5t to me f ,p>is & to express my appreciation to ,mr4 ,c4 ,r4 ,h5s*el ( ,messrs4 ,kno$l] ,co41 & to ,mrs4 ,paul ,re9h>dt ( ! ,re9h>dt ,gall]ies = _! w>m support & aid4 ,e4 ,s4 ,,new ,,york1 ,novemb] #h1 #aibh4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,,pages ,i4 ,,italian #c-aec ,si5ese ,flor5t9e ,umbrian ,nor? ,italian ,v5etian ,,ii4 ,,flemi% #aeg-aif ,,iii4 ,,dut* #aii-bcb ,,iv4 ,,g]man #bce-bec ,v4 ,,spani% #beg-bgb ,,vi4 ,,fr5*1 ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury #bge-cbf ,,vii4 ,,engli%1 ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury #cbi-dbh ,,illu/rations ,,giovanna ,,tornabuoni ,dom5ico ,ghirl&aio ,frontispiece ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan4 ,,page ,,/4 ,,francis ,,& ,,! ,,begg> ,sassetta #g ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,sa9ts ,,& ,,angels ,matteo di ,giovanni #aa ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,magi ,b5v5uto di ,giovanni #ac ,sir ,joseph ,duve51 ,b>t4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,giotto di ,bordone #bg ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman4 ,,! ,,annunciation ,masol9o #bi ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman4 ,,gabriel1 ,,! ,,ann\nc+ ,,angel ,fra ,angelico #cc ,mr4 ,edsel ,b4 ,=d4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,receiv+ ,,! ,,div9e ,,message ,fra ,angelico #ce ,mr4 ,edsel ,b4 ,=d4 ,,/4 ,,cosimas ,,& ,,/4 ,,damianus ,fra ,angelico #da ,mr4 ,alb]t ,kell]4 ,,madonna ,,della ,,/ella ,fra ,filippo ,lippi #dc ,mr4 ,c>l ,w4 ,hamilton4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,alesso ,baldov9etti #di ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,lady ,pi]o ,pollaiuolo #ec ,mr4 ,nils ,b4 ,h]sl(f4 ,,giuliano ,,de' ,,m$ici ,s&ro ,botticelli #eg ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,otto ,h4 ,kahn4 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,man ,s&ro ,botticelli #fc ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,s&ro ,botticelli #fe ,mr4 ,max ,ep/e94 ,,giovanna ,,tornabuoni ,dom5ico ,ghirl&aio #fg ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan4 ,,francesco ,,sassetti ,,& ,,8 ,,son ,,teodoro ,dom5ico ,ghirl&aio #ga ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,g5tile da ,fabriano #ge ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,angels ,b5$etto ,bonfigli #gi ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,otto ,h4 ,kahn4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,p]ug9o #ha ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,,! ,,niccol9i ,,madonna ,raphael #he ,sir ,joseph ,duve51 ,b>t4 ,,! ,,small ,,c[p] ,,madonna ,raphael #hg ,mr4 ,joseph ,e4 ,wid5]4 ,,agony ,,9 ,,! ,,g>d5 ,raphael #ia ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,lady ,pisanello #aja ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,%eph]ds ,&rea ,mantegna #aje ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,! ,,infant ,,/4 ,,john ,,& ,,angel ,francia #aji ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,lady ,lu9i #aaa ,! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,,titian',s ,,s*oolma/] ,moroni #aac ,mr4 ,joseph ,e4 ,wid5]4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,antonello da ,mess9a #abc ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,crivelli #abg ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,erickson4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,crivelli #abi ,mr4 ,philip ,lehman4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,/4 ,,lucy1 ,,/4 ,,ca!r9e1 ,,/4 ,,pet] ,,& ,,/4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/ ,giovanni ,bell9i #aca ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild ,giovanni ,bell9i #acc ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,ni*olas ,f4 ,brady4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,giovanni ,bell9i #ace ,mr4 ,philip ,lehman4 ,,fea/ ,,( ,,! ,,gods ,giovanni ,bell9i #aci ,mr4 ,joseph ,e4 ,wid5]4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild ,titian #ada ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,,cat]9a ,,corn>o1 ,,que5 ,,( ,,cyprus ,titian #ade ,mr4 ,john ,r+l+4 ,,giorgio ,,corn>o ,,) ,,falcon ,titian #adg ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,erickson4 ,,maximilian ,,s=za ,b>tolommeo ,v5eto #adi ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman4 ,a ,,sc5e ,,along ,,! ,,adriatic ,,coa/ ,francesco ,gu>di #aec ,mrs4 ,*>les ,b4 ,alex&]4 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,lady ,rog] van d] ,weyd5 #afg ,! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,c>?usian ,,monk ,petrus ,*ri/us #aga ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,angels ,hans ,meml+ #agc ,! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,g5tleman ,hans ,meml+ #age ,mrs4 ,john ,n4 ,willys4 ,,l\is ,,xiii1 ,,k+ ,,( ,,france ,pet] ,paul ,rub5s #agg ,sir ,joseph ,duve51 ,b>t4 ,,r9aldo ,,& ,,armida ,sir ,an?ony ,van ,dyck #ahc ,mr4 ,jacob ,ep/e94 ,d,,dalus ,,& ,,ic>us ,sir ,an?ony ,van ,dyck #ahe ,mr4 ,frank ,p4 ,wood4 ,,rob]t ,,ri*1 ,,e>l ,,( ,,w>wick ,sir ,an?ony ,van ,dyck #ahi ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,,que5 ,,h5rietta ,,m>ia ,,) ,,jeffrey ,,hudson ,,& ,a ,,monkey ,sir ,an?ony ,van ,dyck #aic ,mr4 ,william ,r&olph ,he>/4 ,,! ,,/&>d-,,be>] ,rembr&t van ,rijn #bje ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,(fic] ,rembr&t van ,rijn #bji ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,erickson4 ,,an ,,old ,,lady ,,seat$ ,,9 ,,an ,,arm*air ,rembr&t van ,rijn #baa ,! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,,simeon ,,& ,,m>y ,,pres5t+ ,,! ,,infant ,,*ri/ ,,9 ,,! ,,temple4 ,rembr&t van ,rijn #bac ,mr4 ,nils ,b4 ,h]sl(f4 ,,portrait ,,( ,,an ,,(fic] ,frans ,hals #bba ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman4 ,,! ,,laugh+ ,,m&ol9 ,,play] ,frans ,hals #bbc ,mr4 ,john ,r4 ,?ompson4 ,a ,,music ,,p>ty ,piet] de ,hoogh #bbe ,mrs4 ,john ,n4 ,willys4 ,,! ,,lace-,,mak] ,jan ,v]me] #bbi ,! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,man ,albre*t ,dr] #bci ,! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,,pr9ce ,,edw>d ,,( ,,engl& ,hans ,holbe9 ! ,y\ng] #bda ,! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,,sir ,,?omas ,,m ,hans ,holbe9 ! ,y\ng] #bde ,! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clay ,frick4 ,,dirk ,,b]ck ,,( ,,cologne ,hans ,holbe9 ! ,y\ng] #bdg ,! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,,jean ,,de ,,d9teville ,hans ,holbe9 ! ,y\ng] #bdi ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman4 ,,c>d9al ,,albre*t ,,z ,,sa9t ,,hi]onymus ,lucas ,crana* ! ,eld] #bec ,mr4 ,john ,r+l+4 ,,c>d9al ,,quiroga ,el ,greco #bfa ,! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clay ,frick4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,appe>+ ,,to ,,/4 ,,dom9ic ,el ,greco #bfc ,mr4 ,j4 ,horace ,h>d+4 ,,m>ianne ,,( ,,au/ria ,velasquez #bfe ,mr4 ,philip ,lehman4 ,,philip ,,iv ,,( ,,spa9 ,velasquez #bfg ,! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clay ,frick4 ,,g5]al ,,nicolas ,,guye ,goya #bfi ,mr4 ,j4 ,horace ,h>d+4 ,,pepito ,,co/a ,y ,,bonella ,goya #bga ,mrs4 ,william ,hayw>d4 ,,jupit] ,,& ,,cali/o ,nicolas ,p\ss9 #bgi ,mr4 ,c>roll ,tyson4 ,,la ,,danse ,anto9e ,watteau #bhc ,mr4 ,*>les ,a4 ,wimpfheim]4 ,,madame ,,boni] ,,de ,,la ,,mosson ,jean ,m>c ,natti] #bhg ,mr4 ,edw>d ,j4 ,b]w9d4 ,,la ,,m>quise ,,de ,,baglion ,jean ,m>c ,natti] #bhi ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,erickson4 ,,la ,,cam>go ,nicolas ,lancret #bic ,! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,,le ,,duo ,nicolas ,lancret #bie ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,emil ,j4 ,/ehli4 ,,une ,f,,te ,,*amp,,tre ,jean ,bapti/e ,joseph ,pat] #big ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,,une ,f,,te ,,galante ,jean ,bapti/e ,joseph ,pat] #bii ,mr4 ,edw>d ,j4 ,b]w9d4 ,,la ,,s]9ette ,jean ,bapti/e ,simon ,*>d9 #cja ,! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clay ,frick4 ,,les ,,deux ,,confid5tes ,franois ,b\*] #cje ,mrs4 ,william ,r4 ,timk54 ,a ,,"y ,,girl ,,read+ ,a ,,lett] ,jean ,bapti/e ,greuze #cjg ,mr4 ,john ,mc,cormack4 ,,"y ,,girl ,jean ,bapti/e ,greuze #cji ,mr4 ,william ,r&olph ,he>/4 ,,la ,,m>quise ,,de ,,besons ,,tun+ ,a ,,guit> ,jean ,bapti/e ,greuze #caa ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,h5ry ,b>ton ,jacobs4 ,,la ,,m>quise ,,de ,,villemomble ,franois ,hub]t ,dr\ais #cac ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,,mademoiselle ,,helvetius ,franois ,hub]t ,dr\ais #cae ,mr4 ,mortim] ,l4 ,s*iff4 ,l',,invocation ,l',,am\r ,jean ,honor ,fragon>d #cag ,mr4 ,mortim] ,l4 ,s*iff4 ,,le ,,billet-,,d\x ,jean ,honor ,fragon>d #cai ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,,la ,,m>quise ,,de ,,la ,,f>e ,jean ,honor ,fragon>d #cba ,mrs4 ,james ,b4 ,hagg94 ,,! ,,f\nta9 ,,9 ,,! ,,p>k ,hub]t ,rob]t #cbc ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,h5ry ,b>ton ,jacobs4 ,,madame ,,labille-,,gui>d ,,& ,,two ,,pupils ,madame ,labille-,gui>d #cbe ,mr4 ,edw>d ,j4 ,b]w9d4 ,,lady ,,betty ,,delm ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds #cci ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,h]b]t ,l4 ,satt]lee4 ,,! ,,/rawb]ry ,,girl ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds #cdc ,mrs4 ,francis ,f4 ,pr5tiss4 ,,diana1 ,,visc\ntess ,,crosbie ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds #cde ,! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton4 ,,mrs4 ,,siddons ,,z ,,! ,,tragic ,,muse ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds #cdi ,! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton4 ,,georgiana1 ,,du*ess ,,( ,,devon%ire ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds #cee ,! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton4 ,,! ,,cottage ,,door ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh #cei ,! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton4 ,,! ,,mall ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh #cfe ,! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clay ,frick4 ,,m>ia ,,walpole1 ,,du*ess ,,( ,,gl\ce/] ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh #cfg ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,*>les ,p4 ,taft4 ,,georgiana1 ,,du*ess ,,( ,,devon%ire ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh #cgc ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,h]b]t ,l4 ,satt]lee4 ,,! ,,blue ,,boy ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh #cgi ,! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton4 ,,g5]al ,,philip ,,honywood ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh #chg ,mr4 ,john ,r+l+4 ,,! ,,h>ve/ ,,waggon ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh #cia ,sir ,joseph ,duve51 ,b>t4 ,,john ,,walt] ,,tempe/ ,george ,romney #cic ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,m>%all ,field4 ,,! ,,hon4 ,,mrs4 ,,dav5port ,george ,romney #cii ,! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,,lady ,,d]by ,george ,romney #dja ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,,emma1 ,,lady ,,hamilton ,george ,romney #dje ,! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton4 ,,anne1 ,,lady ,,de ,,la ,,pole ,george ,romney #dji ,! ,hon4 ,alvan ,t4 ,full]4 ,,! ,,hon4 ,,mrs4 ,,grant ,,( ,,kilgra/on ,sir ,h5ry ,raeburn #dac ,mr4 ,c4 ,fi%]4 ,,qu9ton ,,mcadam ,sir ,h5ry ,raeburn #dae ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,erickson4 ,,m>y ,,horneck1 8,,! ,,jessamy ,,bride0 ,john ,hoppn] #dag ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,*>les ,p4 ,taft4 ,,eliza ,,f>r51 ,,c\ntess ,,( ,,d]by ,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce #dba ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan4 ,,p9kie ,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce #dbg ,! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton4 ,,italian ,si5ese ,flor5t9e ,umbrian ,nor? ,italian ,v5etian ,,si5ese ,!re are no beg9n+s ( art 9 ,italy4 ,! old civilizations ( ,etruria1 ,rome1 & ,byzantium nev] p]i%$ entirely2 & ^u _! surviv+ traditions 8,*ri/ian ,art0 0 built4 ,old pictorial ideas & old decorative motives 7 absorb$1 re>rang$1 & work$ ov] aga9 & aga9 9 conjunction ) !ological dogma until 9 ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury1 l>gely ow+ to ! beautiful "*1 ideals1 & influ5ce ( ,/4 ,francis1 to ! intellectual tea*+s ( ,dante1 & to ! f]vor ar\s$ by ! ,crusades1 8,*ri/ian ,art0 became a liv+ movem5t1 :i* inspir$1 among o!r important ?+s1 ! creation ( magnific5t ,ca!drals4 ,:5 ! ar*itects1 ! c>v]s ( wood & /one1 & ! mak]s ( ! jewel-l w9d[s _h f9i%$ _! "w1 ! be/ pa9t]s ( ! day 7 call$ on to produce alt>-pieces t w\ld /imulate religi\s devotion1 *>m ! wor%ipp]s by beauty1 & in/ruct ! p 7unaccu/om$ to books7 by repres5tation ( sa9tly lives & scriptural /ories4 ,italian ,pa9t+ 9 ! ,?irte5? & ,f\rte5? ,c5turies ?us %[s _m ( ! old ,byzant9e traditions /ill l+]+ 9 ! new 8,*ri/ian10 or 8,go?ic ,art40 ,si5a & ,flor5ce 7 ! *ief e>ly ,italian ,s*ools4 ,si5a 0 at fir/ ! m important ( ! two & greatly influ5c$ ,flor5t9e & also ,fr5* ,pa9t+4 ,! lead+ e>ly arti/s ( ,si5a 7 ,guido da ,si5a1 ,duccio di ,buon9segna1 ,ugol9o da ,si5a1 ,segna di ,bonav5tura1 ,simone ,m>t9i1 ,lippo ,memmi1 ,pietro ,lor5zetti1 ,ambrogio ,lor5zetti1 ,lippo ,vanni1 ,&rea ,vanni1 ,b>tolo di ,fr$i1 ,taddeo di ,b>tolo1 & ,/efano di ,giovanni 7,sassetta74 ,! next gr\p includes ,dom5ico di ,b>tolo1 ,lor5zo ,vec*ietta1 ,n]occio di ,l&i1 ,b5v5uto di ,giovanni1 ,girolamo di ,b5v5uto1 & ,matteo di ,giovanni4 8,to und]/& & appreciate ! pa9t+ ( ,si5a "o %\ld ?9k ( x z ! culm9ation ( ! art ( ! ,middle ,ages r ?an z a promise ( any?+ mod]n4 ,!re9 lies ! diff]5ce :i* caus$ s great a gulf betwe5 ! art ( ,si5a & t ( contempor>y ,flor5ce only =ty miles away4 ,si5ese ,art may be reg>d$ z ! mo/ p]fect expression ( ! ,byzant9e ideal4 ,x 0 hi]atic & my/ic4 ,:ile ,giotto 0 =eca/+ ! developm5t ( mod]n art by /udy+ nature & mak+ 8 figures act l ! real p :om he saw ab\t him1 ,duccio & ,simone ,m>t9i 7 s\nd+ ! ,byzant9e cre$ t ! ,*ri/ian sa9ts 7 n human b div9e1 n vulg> b regal1 n approa*able b alo(4 ,to ! e>ly ,si5ese1 z to ! ,byzant9e1 ! ,raphaelesque conception ( ! ,madonna z ! mo/ t5d] possible human "m w\ld h be5 blasphem\s bad ta/e4 8,al?\gh ,si5ese ,art 0 f\nd$ on ,byzant9e & 0 9 a s5se ! culm9ation ( ,byzant9e1 x 01 nev]!less1 a ,go?ic art4 ,9 o!r words x belong$ to its p]iod1 b x select$ c]ta9 elem5ts ( ,go?ic /yle = emphasis4 8,9 ,flor5ce ,giotto 0 inspir$ by ! pla/icity ( ,go?ic ,art & its naturalism4 ,9 ,si5a ,duccio & 8 foll[]s develop$ ! ,go?ic liv+ l9e2 &1 lat]1 ! emotionalism ( ,go?ic _s4 ,?us bo? ,flor5t9es & ,si5ese 7 ,go?ic1 b 9 a diff]5t way4 8,te*nically z well z spiritually1 ! ,si5ese approa*$ ! arti/ic ab/ractions ( ,*9a & ,japan4 ,! analogies betwe5 ,si5ese & ,ori5tal ,art h be5 obs]v$ by practically e writ] on ! ,si5ese ,s*ool4 ,!y h be5 tacitly attribut$ h[ev]1 to accid5tal simil>ities 9 ideals & modes 9 ,si5a & ! ,ea/4 ,z yet no "o has be5 bold en\gh to sugge/ an influ5ce d]iv$ f actual contact ) ,ea/]n ,art1 b su* contact is n beyond ! b\nds ( possibility4 ,9 ! ,?irte5? & ,f\rte5? ,c5turies ov]l& communication ) ! ,ne> ,ea/ & ) ,*9a 0 common & secure4 ,m]*ants l ! ,polos1 prelates l ,john ( ,monte ,cors9o1 ,&rew ( ,p]ugia & ,fri> ,odoric ( ,friuli readily f\nd ! way to ,ca?ay1 z ,*9a 0 !n call$4 ,pek+ 0 made a ,roman ,ca?olic diocese & ,pegolotti ( ! ,b>di bank+-h\se 9 ,flor5ce 0 mov$ to write a travell]'s it9]>y1 rem>kably l a mod]n ,ba$ek]1 giv+ ! mo/ m9ute in/ructions z to inns1 food1 s]vants1 & s =?1 on ! r\te f ,con/ant9ople to ,pek+4 ,moslems l ,ibn ,batuta travell$ z widely z ,*ri/ians1 & ,ori5tal travell]s visit$ ! ,occid5t4 ,?us ,b> ,sauma1 a ,ne/orian ( ,pek+1 visit$ ! ,pope 9 #abhg & pass$ ?r\gh ,tuscany on 8 way to ,p>is & ,bordeaux two ye>s aft] ,duccio pa9t$ ! ,rucellai ,madonna4 ,n only ! ,ne> ,ea/ & ,*9a1 b ,india1 0 op5$ to ! ,european & we he> ( ! m>tyrdom ( "o ,bro!r ,pet] ( ,si5a at a place ne> ,bombay4 ,x 0 n until ! end ( ! ,f\rte5? & ! beg9n+ ( ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury t ! conv]sion ( ! we/]n ,t>t>s to ,islam1 ! advance ( ! ,seljuk ,turks1 & ! ov]?r[ ( ! broad-m9d$ hospitable ,mongol dyna/y 9 ,*9a clos$ ! ov]l& trade-r\tes4 ,dur+ ! next hundr$ & fifty ye>s :ile ! sea-r\tes 7 be+ discov]$ ,europe seems l>gely to h =gott5 ! exi/5ce ( ! ,ori5t4 ,wild z ! !ory may s\nd1 !re=e1 x is possible t actual contact ) ,ori5tal ,art may acc\nt n only = ! occasional ,mongolian types & bits ( ,ori5tal armor to be obs]v$ 9 ,si5ese ,art1 b ev5 = some?+ ( ! _s ( ! /yle40--,m$ival & ,r5aissance ,pa9t+s 7,fogg ,art ,museum1 ,cambridge1 #aibg74 ,,/4 ,,francis ,,& ,,! ,,begg>4 ,sassetta 7#acib-adej74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,on ,septemb] #e1 #adcg1 ! ,m9orites ( ,si5a ord]$ an alt>-piece = ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,francesco at ,borgo ,san ,sepolcro f ,/efano di ,giovanni1 bett] kn[n z ,sassetta4 ,! arti/ promis$ 8to pa9t x ) f9e gold1 ultram>9e1 & o!r good colors1 to employ all ! subtleties ( 8 art1 & to make x z beautiful z he c\ld40 ,also he promis$ to complete x 9 f\r ye>s4 ,sassetta1 h[ev]1 made a wrong calculation2 = ! "w occupi$ him sev51 in/ead ( f\r1 ye>s4 ,x 0 f9i%$ on ,june #e1 #addd1 & plac$ above ! high alt> at ,borgo ,san ,sepolcro1 :]e x rema9$ until #ageb1 :5 ! panels 7 disp]s$4 ,f contempor>y docum5ts n9e panels 7 prov$ 9 rec5t ye>s to h be5 among ! decorations ( ?is fam\s alt>-piece2 & ^! panels 7 %[n at ! ,retrospective ,exhibition ( ,si5ese ,art held 9 ,si5a 9 #aijd4 ,sev5 ( ^! n9e panels are n[ 9 ! ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay3 ,/4 ,francis & ! ,poor ,knight2 ,/4 ,francis ,r5\nces 8 ,h]itage2 ,/4 ,francis & ! ,wolf ( ,gubbio2 ,/4 ,francis be=e ! ,soldan2 ,/4 ,francis be=e ,pope ,honorius ,,iii2 ,/4 ,francis ,receiv+ ! ,/igmata2 & ,! ,burial ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,ano!r panel1 ,! ,m>riage ( ,/4 ,francis to ,pov]ty1 is 9 ! ,*antilly ,museum & ! c5tral panel ( ! alt>-piece1 repres5t+ ,! ,glory ( ,/4 ,francis1 is 9 ! ,collection ( ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,b]5son4 ,! panel repres5t+ ,/4 ,francis & ! ,wolf ( ,gubbio 0 long 9 possession ( ! ,comte de ,m>tel at ! ,*teau de ,beaumont1 ne> ,blois1 & ! o!r six panels came f ! ,collection ( ! late ,m4 ,georges ,*al&on1 ,p>is4 ,x 0 obvi\s t = a *ur* d$icat$ to ,/4 ,francis ! /ory ( 8 life %\ld be told 9 pa9t+s4 ,x is a little h>d to realize t ! frescoes by ,giotto & 8 companions depict+ ! ,life ( ,/4 ,francis _h be5 admir$ & wor%ipp$ = a hundr$ odd ye>s be=e ,sassetta 0 call$ ^u by ! ,si5ese ,m9orites to tell ! /ory aga94 ,sassetta produc$ an entirely new v]sion ) reg>d to composition1 color1 & spiritual int]pretation4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay ,,/4 ,,francis ,,& ,,! ,,begg> --,sassetta ,!re is mu* to attract an arti/ 9 ! /ory ( ,/4 ,francis1 = al?\gh 8 life is n "o ( mu* v>iety1 x is full ( /rik+ episodes1 :i* af=d spl5did pictorial opportunities4 ,/4 ,francis1 f\nd] ( ! great ,ord] ( ,fri>s ,m9or1 or ,franciscans1 & call$ 8! ,poor ,man ( ,assisi10 0 born 9 ,assisi 9 #aahb1 & di$ !re 9 #abbf4 ,he 0 ! son ( a ri* m]*ant1 :o1 furi\s because 8 son lavi%$ money on ! />v+ poor ( ! vic9ity1 dem&$ t he %\ld r5\nce 8 inh]itance4 ,?is he did ) a joyful _s 9 public & be=e ! ,bi%op ( ,assisi1 !reaft] devot+ himself to ! s]vice ( ! poor4 ,disciples flock$ to 8 little *apel1 call$ ! ,portiuncula2 & :5 ! ,new ,ord] celebrat$ its ,g5]al ,*apt] 9 #abai1 five ?\s& fri>s assembl$ !re4 ,! ,ord] 0 approv$ by ,pope ,innoc5t ,,iii & by 8 successor1 ,pope ,honorius ,,iii4 ,pov]ty 0 ! lead+ *>act]i/ic ( ! ,franciscans1 or ,begg+ ,fri>s2 individually & collectively !y refus$ to own any?+ :atsoev]4 ,/4 ,francis j\rney$ ab\t do+ good4 ,8 w&]+s took him z f> z ,egypt & ,pale/9e2 & x 0 9 ! ye> #abbd1 on ! desolate ,m\nt ,alv]nia1 t he receiv$ ! ,/igmata1 or ,impression on ! fle% ( ,our ,"l's ,five ,sacr$ ,w\nds1 9 memory ( :i* ! ,*ur* in/itut$ a special fe/ival4 ,/4 ,francis 0 canoniz$ 9 #abbh1 two ye>s aft] 8 dea?4 ,/4 ,francis & ! ,begg>1 %[n "h1 tells two episodes ( ! /ory4 ,on ! left & 9 ! imm$iate =egr\nd ! "y ,/4 ,francis1 hav+ dism\nt$ f 8 horse1 ^: head 7v f9ely drawn7 appe>s above 8 %\ld]1 is 9 ! act ( giv+ 8 cloak to a poor begg>2 & ! latt]1 v dramatically expresses 8 delight1 surprise1 & gratitude4 ,beyond ^! figures a w9d+ road1 bord]$ ) cypress trees1 leads to a h&some villa1 presumably ! home ( ,/4 ,francis1 beyond :i* little hills appe> on ! horizon4 ,! sky1 v expansive1 is silv]y above ^! hills & gr[s gradually blu] & blu] until x rea*es ! top ( ! picture1 or dome ( ! sky1 :]e a /range ca/le is se5 ) bann]s ( ! ,holy ,cross float+ f its battlem5ts & turrets4 ,?is ca/le really belongs to ! second episode repres5t$ on ! "r1 :i* %[s ,/4 ,francis sleep+ 9 a little room4 ,?is heav5ly ca/le is ! vision he has 9 8 dreams4 ,x w\ld appe> t ! ,angel1 /&+ ov] ,/4 ,francis & po9t+ to ! my/ical ca/le 9 ! cl\ds1 is inspir+ ?is my/ical dream4 ,x is int]e/+ to note "h t ,giotto made at ,assisi two pictures ( ,/4 ,francis & ! ,begg> & ,! ,dream ( ,/4 ,francis4 ,sassetta comb9$ ! two episodes into "o picture4 8,ev5 )\t docum5ts10 says ,b]5son1 8we %\ld "k t ?is ,borgo ,san ,sepulcro polypty* 0 pa9t$ by a contempor>y ( ,masol9o1 ,pisanello1 ,jacopo ,bell9i1 & ,antonio ,viv>9i4 ,& t ! ma/] 0 a ,si5ese we %\ld "k n only f 8 pure1 flat color & 8 devotion to l9e1 b 9 o!r ways z well4 ,at all ev5ts x is he1 ,/efano ,sassetta1 :o has left u ! mo/ adequate r5d]+ ( ! ,franciscan s\l t we possess 9 ! entire range ( pa9t+4 8,sassetta 0 n only "o ( ! few ma/]s 9 ,europe ( imag9ative design1 b ! mo/ important pa9t] at ,si5a dur+ ! second qu>t] ( ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury1 ! *annel ?r\gh :i* ,si5ese ,trec5to traditions pass$ & became trans=m$ into ^? ( ! ,quattroc5to1 = ne>ly all ! lat] pa9t]s ( ,si5a 7 8 (fspr+40 ,/efano di ,giovanni 0 born at ,si5a 9 #acib4 ,he 0 a pupil ( ,paolo di ,giovanni ,fei & 0 deeply influ5c$ by ! e>li] ,si5ese pa9t]s1 ,duccio1 ,simone ,m>t9i1 & ! ,lor5zetti bro!rs4 ,9 #adbg he 0 ask$ to furni% a design = ! font 9 ! ,si5a ,bapti/]y & he pa9t$ ! alt>-piece ( ! ,madonna ,en?ron$ ) ,sa9ts 9 ! *ur*1 s9ce kn[n z ! ,oss]vanza1 built = ,/4 ,b]n>d9e on ! site ( 8 h]mitage4 ,sassetta's "w = ! ,borgo ,san ,sepulcro did mu* to popul>ize ,si5ese ideas 9 ,umbria4 ,sassetta made _m pa9t+s 9 ,si5a & at ,cortona1 :]e he 0 influ5c$ by ,fra ,angelico4 ,9 #addg he 0 commission$ to complete ! frescoes on ! ,porta ,romana at ,si5a1 begun by ,taddeo di ,b>tolo2 & he di$ 9 #adej f exposure :ile work+ on ?is gate4 ,fifte5 ye>s lat] ! frescoes 7 f9i%$ by ,sano di ,pietro1 "o ( ,sassetta's _m pupils & foll[]s4 ,= a long "t ,sassetta 0 =gott52 b ( late ye>s !re has be5 mu* int]e/ 9 8 works1 :i* are ( great pecuni>y z well z arti/ic value4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,sa9ts ,,& ,,angels4 ,matteo di ,giovanni 7#adcj8-adie74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,among ! mo/ important pupils ( ! fam\s ,sassetta 0 ! pa9t] & sculptor1 ,lor5zo ,vec*ietta1 :o 9 turn 0 ! pr9cipal ma/] ( ,matteo di ,giovanni1 ! mo/ celebrat$ ,si5ese pa9t] ( 8 "t4 ,!re=e we h direct arti/ic ance/ry = ,matteo di ,giovanni ?r\gh ,vec*ietta to ,sassetta & to ,duccio4 ,matteo di ,giovanni1 also call$ ,matteo da ,si5a1 0 ! son ( a tradesman :o came f ,si5a to ,borgo ,san ,sepulcro1 :]e ,matteo 0 born ab\t #adcj4 ,8 fir/ ma/] is suppos$ to h be5 ! ,umbrian1 ,pi]o della ,francesca 7or ,pi] dei ,frances*i74 ,remov+ to ,si5a1 ,matteo sp5t ! re/ ( 8 days !re4 ,8 life 0 unev5tful1 = he gave all 8 "t to pa9t+4 ,8 dome/ic life mu/ h be5 some:at excit+ = he 0 twice m>ri$--! second "t to a c\ntess--& he _h a l>ge family4 ,matteo 0 p>ticul>ly fam\s = 8 ,madonnas1 t5d] & wi/ful1 ) v decorative accessories4 ,! lovely ,madonna & ,*ild ) ,sa9ts & ,angels1 repres5t$ "h1 %[s ?is decorative quality ( ,matteo 9 its highe/ expression4 ,! ,si5ese love = ,ori5tal fabrics#a appe>s 9 ! ri* attire ( ! ,virg94 ,"h is no peasant woman 9 simple robe & mantle1 b a lady ( high degree1 we>+ a g[n ( h&some brocade ) ! significant patt]n ( ! pomegranate4 ,a :ite veil1 s(t & transp>5t1 lightly cov]s h] =ehead & h] mantle is gracefully drawn up ov] h] head to =m a hood4 ,! ,holy ,*ild re/s com=tably ^u h] left arm :ile h] "r h&1 l>ge & firm1 gives ,him additional support4 ,a light drap]y passes ar\nd ! body ( ! ,holy ,*ild--! ,si5ese 7 ,ori5tal en\gh 9 _! discrim9at+ ta/e to avoid un9t]e/+ nudity & !y also knew h[ to manage bo? heavy & light mat]ials--:o grasps ! ,virg9's tunic ) ,8 "r h& & has plac$ 8 left h& ov] t ( ,8 "m4 ,! gold5 nimbus ( ! ,virg9 is inscrib$ 8,ave 7,m>ia7 ,gratia ,pl5a40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,sa9ts ,,& ,,angels --,matteo di ,giovanni ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,si5a /&s on ! "r1 also we>+ a h&some brocade g[n & a :ite veil4 ,%e is hold+ a missal & a fragm5t ( h] :eel ( torture4 ,on ! left we see ,/4 ,an?ony1 9 monk's habit1 writ+ 9 a book4 ,beh9d ?is gr\p two ,angels are s++ l\dly & joyfully4 ,! backgr\nd & all ! nimbi cr[n+ ! heads ( ! figures are ( gold1 made ! ri*] by burni%$ ornam5tation4 ,?is picture1 pa9t$ 9 temp]a on a panel #bi #bj in*es1 came f ! ,collection ( ,"l ,a%burnham1 ,a%burnham ,place1 ,battle1 ,surrey1 ,engl&4 ,( x ,b]5son says3 8,x is n only 8 7,matteo di ,giovanni7 mo/ typical & 8 mo/ *>act]i/ic1 b also 8 mo/ impressive & beautiful "w2 x has e advantage ( ivory fle%1 gold5 tone1 & gorge\s brocade2 & ) all ^! decorative qualities x possesses real humility40 ,among ,matteo di ,giovanni's o!r important pa9t+s are3 ! ,madonna ,en?ron$ 7#adgj7 9 ! ,accademia2 ! ,madonna della ,neve 7#adgg7 & ! ,coronation ( ,/4 ,b>b>a 9 ,/4 ,dom5ico1 ,si5a2 ! ,assumption ( ! ,virg9 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london2 & ,/4 ,j]ome 9 8 ,cell1 9 ! ,fogg ,art ,museum1 ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts4 ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,magi4 ,b5v5uto di ,giovanni ,collection ( 7#adcf-aeah74 ,sir ,joseph ,duve51 ,b>t4 ,we h "h a *>m+ ,si5ese v]sion ( ! ev]-popul> subject--! ,adoration ( ! ,magi4 ,ev]y?+ ab\t ?is picture is radiant1 *>m+1 & decorative4 ,! gr\ps 9 pyramidal =m ) masses at ! base1 made ri* & beautiful by means ( ! wise light+ & graceful arrangem5t ( drap]ies1 balanc$ ) lively animals on ! "r & left1 rise high] & high] ) m & m delicacy ( treatm5t t sugge/s ! te*nique ( old ivory c>v+ or ! m9iature pa9t+ ( ,m$ival manuscripts1 until ! peak is rea*$ 9 ! *>m+ pres5tation ( a lovely wall$ t[n ) spires lift$ heav5w>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,sir ,joseph ,duve51 ,b>t4 ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,magi --,b5v5uto di ,giovanni ,! picture is full ( movem5t1 life1 joy1 & expression4 ,! ,holy ,*ild is appreciative 7:i* is an unusual feature7 & ! animals1 too1 are tak+ an en?usia/ic "p 9 ! c]emony4 ,! t5d] & g5tle ,virg91 seat$ on a /one b5* directly 9 front & we>+ a r$ robe & a blue mantle1 has ! ,holy ,*ild com=tably plac$ on h] knee4 ,on h] left h& %e is hold+ "o ( ! pres5ts4 ,! ,holy ,*ild1 accord+ to ! ,si5ese fa%ion1 is drap$ & ! l95 fold$ ar\nd ,him is embroid]$ 9 gold4 ,8 expression is animat$ & v sweet & ,he is rais+ ,8 little h& 9 bless+4 ,! elde/ ( ! ,magi1#b ,mel*ior ) :ite hair 7:at !re is left ( x7 & :ite fl[+ be>d1 is kneel+ be=e ! ,holy ,*ild & kiss+ ,8 "r foot1 we>+ a ri* gold5 mantle ) a damask patt]n 9 rais$ gold relief1 held by a jewell$ girdle4 ,! second ,magus1 on ! left1 ,bal?as>1 is clo!d 9 a r$ brocade mantle embroid]$ 9 gold4 ,he has a d>k complexion & is remov+ 8 cr[n f 8 ?ick black hair & holds 9 8 "r h& a piece ( gold plate4 ,! ?ird ,k+1 ,casp>1 on ! "r1 is ! mo/ attractive figure 9 ! picture1--a typical "y pr9ce & d&y ( ! p]iod dress$ 9 a pale tunic1 cut ) po9t 9 front %[+ a ri* brocade und]g>m5t1 & plait$ & sla%$ & bord]$ accord+ to ! late/ ,fifte5? ,c5tury fa%ions4 ,! sleeves are sla%$ & ornam5t$ ) puffs & a ri* girdle holds ! dagg] ) hilt ( gold4 ,lilac trunk-hose1 r$ %oes1 & a gold5 cr[n complete ! co/ume4 ,8 face is delicate & *>m+ & 8 wavy hair is blonde4 ,he1 too1 is br++ a piece ( gold plate4 ,?is radiant figure looks z if he might h /epp$ f ! pages ( ! ,romaunt ( ! ,rose4 ,/4 ,joseph1 beh9d ,bal?as>1 leans 8 head on 8 h& z if he 7 puzzl$4 ,ea* "o ( ^! six important figures has a flat gold5 nimbus4 ,beh9d ,/4 ,joseph1 on ! left1 ! ox & ! ass1 by ! intellig5t gleam 9 _! eyes1 all[ u to believe 9 ! leg5d t animals are end[$ ) ! p[] ( spee* on ,*ri/mas ,eve4 ,ov] ! ro( ( _! op5 %$ sp>kles & sc9tillates ! ,/> ( ! ,ea/ & "u ! ,/> we note a bu% lad5 ) fruit1--a real ,*ri/mas tree6 ,on ! "r1 ! gr\p is t ( ! ret9ue ( ! ?ree ,k+s--p on foot1 wide-ey$ & curi\s1 & knights on horseback4 ,a beautiful :ite horse ar*es 8 head maje/ically & surveys ! sc5e2 beh9d him are a v sup]ior horse & a v sup]ior camel1 :o gaze d[nw>d some:at haughtily1 :ile a ?ird horse looks backw>d at ^! companions to see :at !y are ?9k+ ( x all6 ,z 9 _m anci5t pa9t+s1 ! sc5e is enact$ = u 9 two episodes4 ,if we look ard5tly we see ! ?ree ,magi on _! approa* to ! %r9e4 ,we c id5tify ,bal?as> on ! left2 ,casp> 9 ! c5tre2 & ,mel*ior on ! left ( ,casp>1 foll[$ by _! ret9ue defil+ ?r\gh ! gateway ( ! ma*icolat$ wall1 beh9d :i* ! t[n1 ) its t[]s & turrets1 domes & ro(s1 /&s out cle>ly & poetically f its gold5 horizon4 ,?is pa9t+1 temp]a on panel 7#gj #ec in*es71 came f ! ,collection ( ,sir ,william ,neville ,abdy1 ,b>t41 ,dork+1 ,surrey1 & 0 exhibit$ 9 ,p>is at ! ,salle des ,etats1 ,muse du ,l\vre1 9 #ahhe4 ,b5v5uto di ,giovanni di ,meo del ,guata1 also kn[n z ,b5v5uto da ,si5a1 01 l ,matteo di ,giovanni1 a pupil ( ,vec*ietta4 ,he 0 born 9 ,si5a1 ,septemb] #ac1 #adcf1 ! son ( a mason4 ,9 #adec he 0 pa9t+ 9 ! ,bapti/]y 9 ,si5a4 ,he pa9t$ 9 ,si5a all 8 life & aid$ 9 design+ ! inlaid m>ble pavem5t 9 ! ,ca!dral & he also decorat$ ! cupola4 ,b5v5uto di ,giovanni c>$ little ab\t ! sci5tific exp]im5ts ! contempor>y ,flor5t9e pa9t]s 7 essay+1 cont5t to pa9t 9 ! decorative & *>m+ traditional ,si5ese mann]1 ( flat & ornam5tal designs beautifully enri*$ ) gold4 ,x is v int]e/+ to comp>e ?is pa9t+ ) ! pageants ( ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli & ,g5tile da ,fabriano4 ,x holds its own1 !reby1 = its high decorative quality & peculi> *>m4 ,,flor5t9e ,x is n /range :5 ,si5ese ,pa9t+ 0 at its height t its influ5ce %\ld h be5 felt 9 ,flor5ce1 :i* is only ab\t =ty miles di/ant4 ,! fame ( ,cimabue 7#abdj8-acja71 ! f\nd] ( ! ,flor5t9e ,s*ool1 inde$1 re/s *iefly on ! ,madonna 9 ! ,rucellai ,*apel ( ,s4 ,m>ia ,novella1 :i* mod]n criticism attributes to ,duccio ( ,si5a4 ,vas>i 0 responsible = accr$it+ ! ,rucellai ,madonna to ,cimabue2 & ,vas>i's /ory t :5 f9i%$ 8x 0 c>ri$ 9 solemn procession ) ! s\nd ( trumpets & o!r fe/al demon/rations f ,cimabue's h\se to ! *ur*1 ,cimabue be+ highly rew>d$ & honor$ = x10 reads l an e*o ( ! triumphal procession ( ,duccio's great alt>-piece--! ,maje/as--f ! h\se ( t pa9t] to ! ,ca!dral ( ,si5a4 ,cimabue1 ^: "n 0 ,c5ni dei ,pepe1 transitional f ,byzant9e to ,go?ic1 is p>ticul>ly fam$ = be+ ! discov]] & tea*] ( ,giotto4 ,giotto di ,bordone 7#abgf-accf71 sculptor & ar*itect z well z pa9t]1 is ! dom9at+ p]sonality 9 ,trec5to ,art1 & ! fir/ ,go?ic pa9t] ( ,flor5ce4 ,giotto's influ5ce la/$ = a hundr$ ye>s or m 7see page #be74 ,"o ( ,giotto's associates & foll[]s 0 ,b]n>do ,daddi1 son ( ,daddo di ,simone1 a ,flor5t9e4 ,! date ( 8 bir? is suppos$ to h be5 #abhj4 ,he di$ 9 #acdh4 ,ab\t #acag he 0 admitt$ to ! ,arte de ,m$ici e ,speziale1 ! ,guild ( ,doctors & ,apo!c>ies1 f :om ! pa9t]s obta9$ _! pigm5ts4 ,accord+ to ! laws ( ! p]iod no pa9t] c\ld pursue 8 art unless he took 8 degree 9 t confrat]nity4 ,! e>ly pa9t]s became indep5d5t ( ! ,guild ( ,doctors & ,apo!c>ies aft] ! ,guild ( ,/4 ,luke#c 0 =m$--! special bro!rhood ( all pa9t]s1 :i* spread to e c\ntry & to e t[n--& !re is a tradition t ,daddi 0 "o ( ! f\nd]s ( ?is ,compagnia di ,san ,luca1 :i* w\ld %[ t ?is ,flor5t9e ,guild ( ,/4 ,luke 0 organiz$ z e>ly z #acdh4 ,daddi pa9t$ ! fresco ov] ! ,san ,giorgio ,gate ( ,flor5ce ab\t #accj & he also pa9t$ ! frescoes ( ! ,m>tyrdom ( ,/4 ,/eph5 & ,/4 ,lawr5ce 9 ,santa ,croce4 ,daddi comes v close to ,giotto 7#abgf-accf71 9 dates & 9 /yle1 al?\gh he %[s great sympa?y ) ! ,si5ese pa9t]s4 ,giotto's foll[]s--! ,giottes*i--work$ f ab\t #accj to #adcj & include3 ,taddeo ,gaddi1 ,&rea di ,cione 7bett] kn[n z ,orcagna71 ,giovanni da ,milano1 ,agnolo ,gaddi1 ,c5n9o ,c5n9i1 ,&rea di ,fir5ze1 ,antonio ,v5eziano1 ,sp9ello ,aret9o1 & ,lor5zo ,monaco4 ,^! pa9t]s prep>$ ! way = great] *anges by /udy+ p]spective & ! human =m & by gradually introduc+ ,classic ,ar*itecture into _! pictures 9 place ( ,go?ic decoration4 ,9 /udy+ ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,art 9 ,flor5ce we are /ruck by ! great numb] ( goldsmi?s & o!r work]s 9 metal :o became pa9t]s4 ,!re is a reason = ?is4 ,! mo/ important "w 9 ,flor5ce = tw5ty-two ye>s 0 ! mak+ ( ! f\r bronze doors = ! ,bapti/]y1 ! competition = :i* 0 won by ,ghib]ti 9 #adja4 ,! und]tak+ 0 s va/ t ,ghib]ti engag$1 at "o "t or ano!r1 ne>ly all ! mo/ tal5t$ arti/s & artisans ( ,flor5ce4 ,_m pa9t]s & sculptors :o acquir$ fame aft]w>ds1 su* z ,masaccio & ,donatello = in/ance1 receiv$ _! e>ly tra9+ "u ,ghib]ti4 ,( ! la/-m5tion$ pa9t] ,leon>do da ,v9ci wrote3 8,aft] ! days ( ,giotto1 pa9t+ decl9$ aga91 because ev]yone imitat$ ! pictures t 7 already 9 exi/5ce2 & ?is w5t on until ,tommaso ( ,flor5ce1 nicknam$ ,masaccio1 %[$1 by 8 p]fect works1 h[ arti/s :o w\ld take any tea*] b ,nature--! mi/ress ( all ma/]s--labor 9 va940 ,tommaso ,masaccio 7#adja-adbi87 & ,tommaso ,masol9o 7#achc-addg7 work$ toge!r 9 ! ,brancacci ,*apel4 ,masaccio 0 ! son ( a not>y 9 ! p>i% ( ,ca/el ,s4 ,giovanni 9 ,val d',arno1 le>n$ to draw & pa9t1 jo9$ ! ,guild ( ,/4 ,luke 9 #adbd1 & became ,masol9o's assi/ant = pa9t+ ! frescoes 9 ! new ,*apel built by ,felice ,brancacci 9 ! ,c>m9e4 ,:5 ,masol9o w5t to ,hung>y1 ,masaccio work$ !re alone4 ,masaccio's frescoes made an epo* 9 art1 al?\gh ! pa9t] 0 little appreciat$ 9 8 day4 ,he left 8 "w sudd5ly & w5t to ,rome4 ,no?+ m 0 ev] he>d ( him4 ,he is ?\ght to h di$ 9 ,rome 9 #adbi4 ,almo/ imm$iately ,masaccio's "w began to be valu$ & all ! ,flor5t9es ( ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury flock$ to /udy ^! ,brancacci frescoes4 ,masol9o 7#achc-addg7 0 appo9t$ 9 #adbc to pa9t frescoes 9 ! new ,brancacci ,*apel 9 ! ,c>m9e & two ye>s lat] w5t to ,hung>y4 ,return+ home aft] sev]al ye>s1 he pa9t$ frescoes 9 v>i\s cities 7see page #bh74 ,g]>do1 bett] kn[n z 8,/>n9a0 7#aced-adjh71 a pupil ( ,antonio ,v5eziano1 sp5t n9e ye>s 9 ,spa9 & on 8 return to ,flor5ce1 a*iev$ great fame by 8 frescoes 9 ! ,c>m9e4 ,! "n 0 tak5 f t ( 8 fa!r1 ,jacopo ,/>na4 ,x is said t 8,/>n9a0 0 ! ma/] ( ,masol9o & ,fra ,angelico4 ,fra ,angelico 7#achg-adee71 br+s u to ano!r transitional p]iod1--?is "t f ! ,go?ic to ! ,r5aissance4 ,fra ,angelico1 or ,fra ,giovanni da ,fiesole1 ! angelic & my/ical pa9t] & ! mo/ belov$ ( all ! e>ly arti/s1 sp5t 8 life pa9t+ frescoes & alt>-pieces = *ur*es & cloi/]s4 ,he 0 frequ5tly call$ by ! ,pope to ,rome1 :]e he di$ 7see page #cb74 ,to ?is p]iod belong ,&rea del ,ca/agno 7#acij8-adeg71 a vigor\s & au/]e pa9t]1 & ,paolo ,uccello 7#acig-adge71 nam$ ,paolo di ,dono1 b call$ ,uccello because he kept 9 8 h\se & pa9t$ s _m birds4 ,uccello began life z a goldsmi? & assi/ant to ,ghib]ti4 ,no survey ( pa9t+ 9 ,flor5ce 9 ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury1 h[ev] slight1 w\ld be complete )\t ref]5ce to ! ,m$ici4 ,art1 l all o!r bran*es ( le>n+1 ow$ its spl5did developm5t to _! intellig5t sympa?y & g5]\s patronage4 ,! ,m$ici began ?is patronage e>ly4 ,giovanni de ,bicci 7#acfj-adbh71 ! f\nd] ( ! family1 0 "o ( ! judges :o select$ ,ghib]ti to make ! ,bapti/]y doors & ,cosimo1 8! ,fa!r ( 8 ,c\ntry0 7#achi-adfd71 0 s lib]al a patron ( ,fra ,angelico1 ,fra ,filippo ,lippi1 ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli1 ,paolo ,uccello1 ,dom5ico ,v5eziano1 & _m o!rs1 t we may safely say ! great fl[]+ ( ,flor5t9e ,art is almo/ entirely due to 8 ta/e & enc\ragem5t4 ,! ,flor5t9e arti/s1 too1 7 greatly /irr$ by ! meet+ ( ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,ea/]n & ,we/]n ,*ur*es1 :i* 0 "o ( ! mo/ important ga!r+s ev] held any:]e 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,?is ,c\ncil 0 invit$ by ,cosimo to ,flor5ce & all ! dignit>ies & _! suites 7 8 p]sonal gue/s1 ent]ta9$ by him 9 8 v>i\s palaces & villas4 ,picturesque & biz>re ^! dignit>ies 72 & ! pa9t]s _h full opportunity to see !m :5 !y sat 9 ! ,duomo "u ,brunelles*i's newly complet$ dome 7!n ! ,eigh? ,wond] ( ! ,_w71 or :5 !y mov$ ab\t ! /reets ) _! suites4 ,9 8 delightful book1 ,! ,m$ici1 ,col4 ,g4 ,f4 ,"y has call$ p>ticul> att5tion to ! importance ( ?is great ,c\ncil2 h[ x l$ ,cosimo to f\nd ! ,platonic ,academy2 & h[ ! ,fall ( ,con/ant9ople1 f\rte5 ye>s lat]1 *ang$ ! _w s utt]ly t no su* meet+ c\ld ev] take place aga94 ,9 "p he says3 8,?is great ga!r+ ( #adci 9 ,flor5ce _h its effect also on ,art4 ,we are (t5 incl9$ to wond] :]e su* pa9t]s z ,fra ,angelico1 ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli1 & ,g5tile da ,fabriano got ! idea ( ! gorge\s robes & /range-look+ head-dresses :i* we see 9 _! pictures ( ,ea/]n subjects4 ,x 0 all tak5 direct f ! life ( ,flor5ce ( ?is ye>4 ,dur+ t summ] ! inhabitants ( ,flor5ce saw a p]petual succession ( gr& processions & impos+ functions 9 :i* ^! visitors f ! ,ea/ appe>$ 9 e k9d ( magnific5t & /range co/ume4 ,vespasiano da ,bi/icci & o!r writ]s ( ! "t dilate ^u _! ri* silk5 robes1 heavy ) gold1 & _! fanta/ic-look+ head-dresses1 reg>d$ ) deep int]e/ by ! le>n$ on acc\nt ( _! anci5t "*4 ,& ! pa9t]s reproduce ^! be=e u 9 pictorial records1 :i* are valuable to u on t v acc\nt1 & because ?is 0 ! la/ occasion on :i* ^! co/umes 7 de/9$ to appe>40 ,pi]o il ,gottoso 7#adaf-adfi71 ,cosimo's son1 8c>ri$ on0 ! traditions ( ! ,m$ici1 enc\rag+ ,art to su* an ext5t t practically e great "w produc$ 9 ,flor5ce 9 8 "t 0 made =1 or inspir$ by1 him4 ,pi]o il ,gottoso & 8 cultur$ wife1 ,lucrezia ,tornabuoni1 recogniz+ ,botticelli's g5ius1 took him into _! home & made him "o ( ! family4 ,all ( ,botticelli's e>ly works1 !re=e1 belong to ! p]iod he sp5t "u ! patronage ( ,pi]o de' ,m$ici4 ,yet1 ( c\rse1 ,botticelli is recogniz$ z ! p>ticul> pa9t] ( ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t 7#addi-adib71 son ( ,pi]o1 & a fri5d & boyhood companion4 8,z _h be5 ! case ) 8 fa!r1 ,pi]o1 ! lead+ arti/s ( ! day did mo/ ( _! "w = him1 & ne>ly e "w ( em95ce 9 pa9t+ or sculpture belong+ to ,lor5zo's "t rema9+ 9 ,flor5ce1 0 commission$ by him4 ,v]roc*io did almo/ all 8 "w = him2 t sculptor's graceful tomb 9 ,san ,lor5zo ov] ,lor5zo's fa!r & uncle1 8 bronze ,david1 & 8 f\nta9 ( ,! ,boy ) a ,dolph9 7 all execut$ = ,lor5zo4 ,botticelli he made 8 family pa9t] z well z fri5d & all ! pictures ( ,botticelli's second p]iod 7 pa9t$ = him4 ,x 0 ,lor5zo :o caus$ ,ghirl&aio's frescoes 9 ,/a4 ,m>ia ,novella & ,santa ,tr9it to be pa9t$2 & x 0 he :o select$ & s5t ,leon>do da ,v9ci to ,milan to become #8,il ,moro's' great pa9t]4 ,among o!rs he also gave commissions to ,filipp9o ,lippi1 ,signorelli1 ,baldov9etti1 ,b5$etto da ,majano1 ,&rea del ,ca/agno & ! ,pollaiuoli4 ,! ,m$ici ,palace became1 ,symonds says1 #8a museum at t p]iod unique 9 ,europe1 consid]+ ! numb] & value ( its art-treasures2' & ^! he made available to all "y arti/s = purposes ( /udy4 ,!re be+ at t "t no s*ool = sculpture1 ,lor5zo =m$ "o 9 8 g>d5 ne> ,san ,m>co1 collect$ !re ca/s f _m antique /atues1 plac$ ! s*ool 9 *>ge ( ,donatello's pupil1 ,b]toldo1 & invit$ all "y sculptors to /udy !re4 ,among ^? :o did s 7 ,lor5zo di ,cr$i1 ,mi*elangelo1 & _m o!rs aft]w>ds fam\s40--,,col4 ,g4 ,f4 ,,"y1 ,! ,m$ici 7,london1 #aiji74 ,! roll-call is l>ge & m>vell\s2 & :5 we ?9k ( ! tr\bles ( ! "t1--! qu>rels1 ! conspiracies1 ! dang]s ( murd]1 & ! con/ant visitations ( ! ,plague1 we almo/ compreh5d refuge 9 ! cloi/] r ?an su* extraord9>y activity 9 ,art & ,le>n+4 ,let u look at ! greate/ names4 ,dom5ico ,v5eziano 7#adjj-adfa71 a native ( ,v5ice1 z 8 "n pla9ly %[s1 b employ$ by ,pi]o il ,gottoso1 class$ 9 8 day ) ,fra ,angelico & ,fra ,filippo ,lippi1 a delightful musician1 play+ on ! lute & s++ well1 & said by ,vas>i1 to h introduc$ into ,flor5ce ! ,flemi% me?od ( us+ oils4 ,v5eziano taught ,pi]o della ,francesca1 ! ,umbrian pa9t]4 ,!n !re is ,fra ,angelico1 already m5tion$1 & !re is ,fra ,filippo ,lippi 7#adjf8-adfi71 a monk1 b n a sa9t l ,fra ,angelico1--wild & adv5tur\s yet a sup]lative pa9t]1 ^: reputation cont9ues to increase & ^: ,madonnas1 usually ) ! face ( ,lucrezia ,buti1 are ju/ly admir$ 7see page #db74 ,francesco ,pesell9o 7#adbb-adeg71 ^: real "n 0 ,francesco di ,/efano1 pupil ( 8 gr&fa!r1 ,giuliano1 & a foll[] ( ,fra ,filippo ,lippi1 fam\s = 8 decorative qualities & 8 animals1 r>e & valu$ to-day4 ,ano!r pa9t] ( decorative ta/e1 *>m+ & ref9$1 is ,alesso ,baldov9etti 7#adbe-adii71 a foll[] ( ,dom5ico ,v5eziano & tea*] ( ,ghirl&aio 7see page #dh74 ,!n come ! fam\s bro!rs1 work]s 9 gold1 silv]1 & bronze1 pa9t]s ( h]oic frescoes1 & celebrat$ z draughtsm5--,antonio ,pollaiuolo 7#adcb-adih7 & ,pi]o ,pollaiuolo 7#addc-adif71 sons1 too1 ( a goldsmi?1 all ?ree busy1 at v>i\s times1 on ! ,ghib]ti doors 7see page #ea74 ,!n !re is ,pi] ,francesco ,fior5t9o1 an ,umbrian1 born 9 ,borgo ,san ,sepolcro ab\t #adcj1 pupil ( ,dom5ico ,v5eziano1 & said to h assi/$ ,ghirl&aio at ,s4 ,gim9iano 9 #adge4 ,next comes ,&rea ,v]roc*io 7#adce-adhh71 goldsmi? & sculptor1 pupil & assi/ant to ,donatello4 ,&rea di ,cione's nickname ( 8,v]roc*io0 7true eye7 is self-explanatory4 ,v]roc*io 0 also an accompli%$ musician4 ,he 0 employ$ by ! ,m$ici all 8 life2 & he tra9$ 9 8 work%op1 ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 ,p]ug9o1 & ,lor5zo di ,cr$i4 ,v]roc*io also plann$ _m ( ! spl5did pageants1 = :i* ,flor5ce 0 s fam\s1 & design$ ! arti/ic helmets worn by "y ,lor5zo & ,giuliano at _! t\rnam5ts4 ,:5 ,lor5zo became head ( ! ,m$ici he cont9u$ ! family patronage to ,v]roc*io4 ,cosimo ,rosselli 7#adci-aejg71 foll[$ ,paolo ,uccello & ,alesso ,baldov9etti4 ,s&ro ,botticelli 7#addd-aeaj71 :o belongs to bo? ,pi]o & ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 0 a pupil ( ,fra ,filippo ,lippi & 0 influ5c$ by ,antonio ,pollaiuolo be=e he blossom$ =? 9 8 full individuality4 ,= _m c5turies ,botticelli has *>m$ ! _w1 8 pre/ige ev] gr[+ great] 7see page #ee74 ,botticelli leads u into ano!r gr\p4 ,"h is ,dom5ico del ,ghirl&aio 7#addi-adid71 8! g>l&-mak]10 fir/ a goldsmi?1 !n a pupil ( ,alesso ,baldov9etti & mu* influ5c$ by ,botticelli & ,v]roc*io4 ,into 8 decorative sc5es ?is pa9t] introduc$ portraits ( di/+ui%$ ,flor5t9es 7see page #gj74 ,!n we h "o ( ! _w's greate/ g5iuses1 ,leon>do da ,v9ci 7#adeb-aeai71 pa9t]1 sculptor1 ar*itect1 decorator1 design] ( pageants & masques1 musician1 & eng9e]1 &1 moreov]1 a p]sonage ( *>m & _m social gifts4 ,leon>do 0 appr5tic$ to ,v]roc*io & patroniz$ by ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 :o s5t him 9 #adhb to ,ludovico ,s=za1 ,duke ( ,milan 7see page #ic74 ,filipp9o ,lippi 7#adeg-aejd71 son ( ,fra ,filippo ,lippi & ! nun1 ,lucrezia ,buti 7see page #dd71 a pupil ( ,botticelli1 a*iev$ a f9e reputation z a pa9t] & z a man4 ,lor5zo di ,cr$i 7#adeg-aecg71 fell[-pupil ) ,p]ug9o & ,leon>do da ,v9ci 9 ,v]roc*io's /udio1 e/eem$ = 8 execution & c>eful f9i%1 0 an especial favorite ) ,v]roc*io4 ,pi]o di ,cosimo1 or ,pi]o di ,lor5zo 7#adfb-aeba871 call$ ,cosimo aft] 8 ma/]1 ,cosimo ,rosselli1 assi/$ ! latt] 9 decorat+ ! ,si/9e ,*apel 9 #adhj4 ,pi]o di ,cosimo is fam$ = 8 my?ological pictures & = a portrait ( ,simonetta ,vespucci 7see page #ei71 n[ 9 ! ,*antilly ,museum4 ,fra ,b>tolommeo 7#adgb-aeag71 ^: "n 0 ,baccio della ,porta1 an appr5tice ( ,cosimo ,rosselli1 became an ard5t foll[] ( ,savon>ola4 ,x 01 !re=e1 a natural /ep = him to become a ,dom9ican monk 9 #aejj2 b he cont9u$ to pa9t & _h = a p>tn] ,m>iotto ,alb]t9elli 7#adgd-aeae71 a pupil ( ,cosimo ,rosselli & ,pi]o di ,cosimo4 ,mi*elangelo 7#adge-aefd71 pa9t]1 sculptor1 ar*itect1 poet1 & milit>y eng9e]1 0 born at ,ca/el ,caprese1 :]e 8 fa!r1 ,ludovico ,buon>roti1 0 gov]nor ( ! ,ca/le4 ,appr5tic$ to ,ghirl&aio1 he also work$ 9 ! ,m$ici ,g>d5s & became a favorite ) ,lor5zo4 ,aft] ,lor5zo's dea? 9 #adib1 he work$ = 8 son1 ,pi]o4 ,mi*elangelo's comm&+ "w1 h[ev]1 0 done 9 ,rome1 :]e he w5t 9 #aejh to pa9t ! ceil+ ( ! ,si/9e ,*apel4 ,9 #aedg ,mi*elangelo succe$$ ,antonio di ,san ,gallo z ar*itect ( ,/4 ,pet]'s4 ,raphael ,santi 7#adhd-aebj7 has to be includ$ among ! ,flor5t9e pa9t]s = he work$ 9 ,flor5ce dur+ #aejd-aejh1 :5 he fell "u ! influ5ce ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci & ,fra ,b>tolommeo & pa9t$ sev]al important pictures1 includ+ ! ,madonna del ,gran ,duca 7n[ 9 ! ,pitti7 & ! ,madonna del ,c>dell9o 7n[ 9 ! ,uffizi74 7,see page #hf47 ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 ,fra ,b>tolommeo1 & ,mi*elangelo influ5c$ ,&rea del ,s>to 7#adhf-aeca71 pupil ( ,pi]o di ,cosimo4 ,8 real "n 0 ,&rea d',agnolo & because ( 8 facile te*nique 0 call$ 8,&rea s5za errori04 ,francis ,i _h ,&rea come to ,fonta9ebleau 9 #aeah2 b he soon w5t home to ,flor5ce & di$ ( ! ,plague4 ,franciabigio 7#adhb-aebe71 son ( ,*ri/(oro ,bigio1 p>tn] ( ,&rea del ,s>to & pupil ( ,alb]t9elli & ,pi]o di ,cosimo1 not$ = 8 religi\s pictures & portraits1 & ,bronz9o 7#aejb-aegb71 poet & pa9t] 7^: "n 0 ,angelo ,allori71 pupil ( ,jacopo da ,pontormo1 & fam\s = 8 portraits ( ! ,m$ici family1 br+ u to ! la/ qu>t] ( ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury4 ,! great days ( pa9t+ 7 ov]2 & !y _h be5 great days6 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,giotto di ,bordone 7#abgf-accf74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman4 ,fram$ by a slightly po9t$ ar*1 n suffici5tly remov$ f ! old ,romanesque curves to be full ,go?ic1 & project$ ^u a backgr\nd ( gold1 appe>s ?is graceful ,madonna1 s unusual 9 type & ( su* amaz+ beauty4 ,h] face1 ) its almond-%ap$ eyes 7n set obliquely h[ev]7 & its sweet fl[]-l m\?1 has a ,*9ese quality t be/[s a great *>m4 ,on ! face !re is also an ,ori5tal radiation ( g5tl5ess1 resignation1 & spiritual exp]i5ce4 ,:ile look+ at u ?is lovely ,madonna--:o might answ] z well = ! ,*9ese goddess ,kuan ,y9--seems to be try+ to draw u into a contemplation ( ! ,inf9ite4 ,! dress1 too1 is unusual4 ,all t we see is a blue mantle l9$ ) silk1 %ad$ 9 gre51 :ite1 & p9k1 decorat$ by a gold bord] ) an ,arabic inscription4 ,?is mantle is c>ri$ ov] ! head to =m a hood & "o end is v gracefully ?r[n across ! left arm4 ,on ! "r %\ld] a conv5tionaliz$ fl[] is embroid]$ 9 gold1 rem9d+ u ( ! /> t ! ,si5ese ,madonnas usually c>ry4 ,a :ite drap]y1 also hav+ an ,arabic bord]1 is fold$ ar\nd ! ,holy ,*ild1 :o grasps ,8 "m's =ef+] ) ,8 left h&1 :ile ) ,8 "r ,he tries to take f h] a :ite rose#d t %e is hold+ upw>d4 ,ea* head is encircl$ by a nimbus3 t ( ! ,virg9 is v l>ge & v decorative ) an int]lac$ patt]n ( ,ori5tal design2 & t ( ! ,holy ,*ild has a foliage design rem9isc5t ( ,byzant9e ornam5t4 ,on bo? sides ( ! ,virg9's face a p9k veil is visible4 ,?is picture1 pa9t$ on a panel 7#cd #be in*es71 came f ! ,collection ( ,m4 ,eugne ,max ( ,p>is4 ,_m leg5ds h ga!r$ ar\nd ! "n ( ! great ,flor5t9e1 d\bly fam$ z pa9t] ( m>vell\s frescoes & z ! ar*itect ( ! ,campanile 9 ,flor5ce t is /ill call$ by 8 "n4 ,! /ory ( h[ ,giotto1 ! little %eph]d boy t5d+ 8 fa!r's flocks on ! ,ap5n9es1 0 discov]$ draw+ a %eep on a rock by ,cimabue & tak5 by him to ,flor5ce & tra9$1 ultimately becom+ ! greate/ pa9t] ( 8 "t & f\nd] ( a ,s*ool1 0 told by ,ghib]ti & ,leon>do da ,v9ci _m ye>s be=e ,vas>i's day4 ,giotto di ,bordone is suppos$ to h be5 born at ,colle di ,vespignano1 ab\t tw5ty miles f ,flor5ce1 9 #abff & he di$ 9 ,flor5ce 9 #accg4 ,he 0 a pupil ( ,cimabue b surpass$ him4 ,ab\t #acjj he 0 9 ,rome mak+ ! mosaics 9 ! portico ( ,/4 ,pet]'s1 a polypty*1 & "s frescoes 9 ! *oir4 ,9 #acjc-acjf ,giotto pa9t$ ! frescoes 9 ! ,ar5a ,*apel 9 ,padua2 at ,assisi he pa9t$ ! sc5es f ! ,life ( ,/4 ,francis 9 ! ,upp] ,*ur* & also "s ( ! frescoes 9 ! ,magdal5 ,*apel 9 ! ,l[] ,*ur*4 ,aft] #acaf he decorat$ ! ,b>di & ! ,p]uzzi ,*apels 9 ,s4 ,croce 9 ,flor5ce4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild --,giotto di ,bordone 8,f ! fir/10 says ,mrs4 ,c>twright1 8,giotto adopt$ a cle>1 pale tone ( color+1 :i* =ms a m>k$ contra/ to ! d>k & heavy t9ts 9 use among ,byzant9e arti/s1 & produces ! effects ( wat]-color1 :ile t ( ! old] pa9t]s m ne>ly resembles oils4 ,! te*nique :i* he us$1 bo? = temp]a & fresco-pa9t+1 & :i* rema9$ 9 use among ,flor5t9e arti/s = ! next hundr$ & fifty ye>s1 0 9 reality f\nd$ on ! old ,greek me?od :i* _h be5 practic$ dur+ _m c5turies1 al?\gh ! improvem5ts :i* he introduc$ 7 suffici5t to ju/ify ! ,giottesque arti/1 ,c5n9o ,c5n9i1 9 say+ t ,giotto *ang$ pa9t+ f ! ,greek to ! ,lat9 mann] & br\ght 9 mod]n art4 ,yet m /rik+ 7 ! innovations :i* he introduc$ 9 8 types1 ! almond-%ap$ eyes1 long noses1 & oval c\nt5ances ) squ>e1 heavy jaws :i* he sub/itut$ = ! />+ eyes & r\nd faces ( ,byzant9e arti/s4 ,! few & simple l9es ( 8 drap]ies give a maje/ic effect to 8 figures & at ! same "t suffici5tly indicate ! /ructure ( ! human =m b5ea?2 s t 9 spite ( 8 ignorance ( anatomy & modell+1 ! result is rem>kably good40 ,giotto 0 work+ 9 ,naples = ,k+ ,rob]t 9 #accc :5 he 0 s5t = by ! ,signoria ( ,flor5ce & appo9t$ ,*ief ,ar*itect ( ! ,/ate & ,ma/] ( ! ,ca!dral ,works1 succe$+ ,arnolfo del ,cambio1 :o _h di$ 9 #acaj4 ,all "w _h /opp$ s9ce t date2 b n[ ! au?orities _h decid$ to erect a bell-t[] & !y ann\nc$3 8,= ?is purpose we h *os5 ,giotto di ,bordone1 pa9t]1 ! great & de> ma/]1 s9ce nei!r 9 ! city1 nor 9 ! :ole _w1 is !re any o!r to be f\nd z well fitt$ = ?is & simil> tasks40 ,! :ole a*ievem5t ( ,giotto's life 0 summ$ up m ?an a hundr$ ye>s lat] :5 ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t comm&$ ,angelo ,poliziano to write a ,lat9 inscription = a bu/ ( ,giotto he 0 plac+ on ,giotto's tomb 9 ! ,duomo3 8,lo1 ,i am he by :om dead ,pa9t+ 0 re/or$ to life1 to ^: "r h& all 0 possible1 by :om ,art became "o ) ,nature4 ,no "o ev] pa9t$ m or bett]4 ,d y wond] at yon fair ,t[] :i* holds ! sacr$ bells8 ,"k x 0 ,i :o bade h] fir/ rise t[>ds ! />s4 ,= ,i am ,giotto--:at ne$ is !re to tell ( my "w8 ,long z v]se lives1 my "n %all endure60 ,,! ,,annunciation4 ,masol9o 7#achc-addg74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman ,we h "h a v int]e/+ & important example ( int]ior decoration4 ,! ,r5aissance has arriv$ z well z ! ,ann\nc+ ,gabriel6 ,! r\nd ar* ( grey /one 7! sp&rels ( :i* conta9 rosettes7 frames a sumptu\s room divid$ by a sl5d] ,cor9?ian column4 ,! walls & ! cassette ceil+ are inlaid ) mosaic ( diff]5t colors & ! ar*way lead+ into ano!r room--! ,virg9's b$room--has a blue sky spr9kl$ ) gold />s4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! backgr\nd ri*ly decorat$ doors lead into ! adjo9+ room4 ,! g5]al hues ( ! wall & ceil+ are grey1 gre51 & r$4 ,! ,virg9 is seat$ on ! "r ^u a tall & n v com=table ,italian settee4 ,%e has on a light blue mantle :i* falls ar\nd h] 9 graceful folds4 ,h] p>t$ light hair is surr\nd$ by a gold5 nimbus ( decorative design4 ,%e holds an op5 pray]-book ) "o h& & ) ! o!r makes a ge/ure ( submission & humility z %e li/5s to ! message ( ! ,angel4 ,:e!r %e sees ,gabriel or n1 %e evid5tly he>s :at he has to tell h]4 ,! ,angel1 too1 expresses rev]5ce ) h&s cross$ ^u 8 brea/4 ,he we>s a ri* cl>et-color$1 velvet brocade emboss$ ) gold fl[]s & above 8 fair hair1 :i* is tightly curl$1 %9es a gold5 nimbus decorat$ ) fl[]-l rosettes4 ,8 w+s seem n to h q quiet$ d[n f ! flight f ,heav5 to e>?4#e ,( ?is picture 7pa9t$ on a panel #eh #de in*es71 :i* came f ! ,collection ( ,"l ,wemyss at ,gos=d ,h\se1 ,longniddry1 ,hadd+ton%ire1 ,scotl&1 ,b]5son says3 8,! decorative effect is s /rong & s en*ant+ t l ! re/ ( ,masol9o's art x sc>cely f9ds prec$5ce 9 ,flor5ce or ev5 9 ,italy4 ,! suavity1 ! grace1 ! spl5dor1 al?\gh p>allel$ 9 ,g5tile da ,fabriano & 9 ,sassetta1 w\ld seem inspir$ r by ! ec/atic mood ( ,p>isian pa9t+ t[>d #adjj ) its figures ( angelic c&or & skies ( heav5ly radiance ?an by ,tuscan models40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman ,,! ,,annunciation --,masol9o ,masol9o1 ! son ( a h\se pa9t]1 0 born 9 ,panicale 9 #achc4 ,8 real "n 0 ,tommaso di ,cri/(oro di ,f9o1 & he 0 famili>ly call$ ,masol9o da ,panicale4 ,accord+ to ,vas>i he 0 a pupil ( 8,/>n9a0 & work$ "u ,ghib]ti4 ,he 0 admitt$ into ! ,flor5t9e ,guild ( ,pa9t]s 9 #adbc4 ,9 t ye> he 0 commission$ to pa9t ! frescoes 9 ! new *apel ( ! ,c>m9e1 built by ,felice ,brancacci1 & he took = 8 assi/ant1 ,masaccio1 :o w5t on ) ! "w :5 ,masol9o 0 s5t to ,hung>y 9 #adbe to decorate a *ur* at ,/uhlweiss5burg4 ,:5 ,masol9o return$ to ,flor5ce--aft] sev]al ye>s--he f\nd t great *anges _h tak5 place 9 art1 = ! pa9t]s _h be5 busy ) ! new problems ( p]spective & light & %ade & ! sub/itution ( ,classic = ,go?ic ar*itecture & decoration4 ,masol9o avail$ himself ( ! new ideas1 b c\ld n q =get 8 ,giottesque traditions4 ,he pa9t$ frescoes 9 ,rome1 ,naples1 & ,lomb>dy4 8,masol9o10 ,vas>i wrote1 80 a man ( r>e intellig5ce & 8 pa9t+s are execut$ ) great love & dilig5ce4 ,i h (t5 exam9$ 8 works & f9d 8 /yle to be ess5tially diff]5t f ! /yles ( ^? be=e him4 ,he gave maje/y to 8 figures & introduc$ f9ely design$ folds 9 8 drap]ies4 ,he began to und]/& light & %ade & to give 8 =ms relief & succe$$ 9 "s v difficult =e%ort5+s4 ,he also gave great] sweetness ( expression to 8 wom5 heads & gay] co/umes to 8 "y m51 & 8 p]spective is tol]ably correct4 ,b1 above all1 he excell$ 9 fresco-pa9t+4 ,?is he did s well1 & ) su* delicately bl5d+ colors1 t 8 fle% tones h ! utmo/ s(tness imag9able2 & if he c\ld h drawn m p]fectly1 he w\ld des]ve to be numb]$ among ! be/ arti/s40 ,,gabriel1 ,,! ,,ann\nc+ ,,angel4 ,fra ,angelico 7#achg-adee74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,edsel ,b4 ,=d4 ,?is panel & ! "o succe$+ x1 ,! ,virg9 ,receiv+ ! ,div9e ,message1 orig9ally =m$ a dipty*4 ,9 treatm5t & expression !y resemble ! figures 9 ,fra ,angelico's ,annunciation 9 ! ,oratorio del ,ges at ,cortona4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,edsel ,b4 ,=d ,,gabriel1 ,,! ,,ann\nc+ ,,angel --,fra ,angelico ,! ,ar*angel1 accord+ to ,dante's expression1 has br\ght ! long-desir$ tid+s & he /&s on a backgr\nd ( gold ) w+s /ill ext5d$ l ^? ( a dove1 j alight$ f ! heav5s1 look+ into ,m>y's face v e>ne/ly1 & po9t+ upw>d to emphasize to h] t he comes f ! sph]es above4 ,?is ,gabriel is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful ( ,fra ,angelico's mo/ beautiful angels1 8 w+s be+ ( an extraord9>y elegance ( cont\r & a peculi> lovel9ess ( color--rose1 violet1 gre51 & yell[1 sc9tillat+ 9 iridesc5t play4 ,8 crimson robe1 %ad+ into high lights & fa9t] tones1 is ri*ly1 al?\gh v simply1 decorat$ ) b&s ( gold embroid]y 9 ! ,byzant9e /yle4 ,! hair is blonde & beautifully curl$ & ! head /&s out 9 f9e relief f ! gold5 glory4 ,notice ! beauty ( ! e> & ! di/+ui%$ l9e ( ! neck1 ! calm1 deep1 unatta*$ gaze ( ! eye1 ! ref9$ & s5sitive nose1 ! pure & lovely m\?1 & ! graceful1 /rong1 & v psy*ic h&s4 ,?is figure p]fectly fits ,rusk9's tribute to ,fra ,angelico 9 ,mod]n ,pa9t]s3 8,! art ( ,fra ,angelico1 bo? 9 draw+ & color1 is p]fect1 & 8 "w may be recogniz$ at any di/ance by its ra9b[ play & brilliancy1 l a piece ( opal among common m>bles4 ,9 ord] to effect cle>] di/9ction betwe5 heav5ly be+s & ^? ( ?is _w1 he repres5ts ! =m] z clo!d 9 drap]ies ( ! pure/ color1 cr[n$ ) glories ( burni%$ gold & entirely %ad[less2 ! flames on _! =eheads wav+ bright] z !y move2 ! sp>kles /ream+ f _! purple w+s l ! glitt] ( ! sun ^u ! sea2 :ile !y li/5 9 ! pauses ( alt]nate song = ! prolong+ ( ! trumpet bla/ & ! answ]+ ( psalm & h>p & cymbal1 ?r\gh\t ! endless deep & f all ! />-%ores ( ,heav54 ,?is mode ( treatm5t1 comb9$ z x is ) exquisite *oice ( ge/ure & disposition ( drap]y1 gives p]haps ! be/ idea ( spiritual be+s :i* ! human m9d is capable ( =m+40 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,receiv+ ,,! ,,div9e ,,message4 ,fra ,angelico 7#achg-adee74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,edsel ,b4 ,=d4 ,9 an attitude ( div9e submission1 dev\t humility1 & s]5e grace1 ! ,virg9 ,m>y is li/5+ to ! words ( ! ,angel ,gabriel4 ,h] br[ is almo/ z cle> & pure z t ( ,gabriel himself & h] features are beautiful1 especially ^? heavy-lidd$ eyes4 ,h] blonde hair is exquisitely arrang$1 conf9$ by a b& ( black velvet & encircl$ by a nimbus1 ( :i* %e is app>5tly unconsci\s4 ,m>y we>s a crimson robe ) b&s ( gold ar\nd ! neck & sleeves1 ov] :i* is a blue mantle l9$ ) yell[4 ,h] h&s are capable1 exquisite1 & v high br$2 & 9 ! left "o %e holds1 ) r>e grace1 a r$ book4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,edsel ,b4 ,=d ,,! ,,virg9 ,,receiv+ ,,! ,,div9e ,,message --,fra ,angelico ,l ! companion panel1 ,gabriel1 ! ,ann\nc+ ,angel1 ! backgr\nd is gold4 ,! dim5sions ( ea* are #ad #aj in*es4 ,bo? pictures 7 long 9 ! ,collection ( ! ,duke ( ,hamilton at ,hamilton ,palace2 & aft]w>ds 7 9 ! ,collection ( ,mr4 ,john ,edw>d ,taylor & 9 t ( ,mr4 ,c>l ,w4 ,hamilton4 ,9 an unpubli%$ lett] reg>d+ ^! works ,mr4 ,b]5son writes3 8,!y are among ! sweete/1 pure/1 & mo/ c&id ( ,fra ,angelico's pa9t+s4 ,i c\ld n easily po9t to o!rs :i* bett] ju/ify ! surname ( #8,! ,angelic' giv5 to ?is arti/1 :o 0 s great t he 0 *ild-l4 ,^! panels date f ab\t #adbe1 t is to say f ! be/ ye> ( ,fra ,angelico's maturity4 ,!y %[ 8 be/ self1 emancipat$ f ! cramp+ traditions he 0 heir to1 b n yet %[+ sign ( spiritual fatigue lead+ f9ally to 8 pa9t+ a little by rote4 ,9 color+ !y are exquisite2 & = pictures five c5turies old1 !y are almo/ miracul\sly well pres]v$40 ,vas>i's words %[ h[ deeply ,fra ,angelico 0 appreciat$ by m5 :o liv$ clos] to 8 "t ?an we3 8,?is truly angelic fa!r sp5t 8 :ole life 9 ! s]vice ( ,god & 8 fell[-creatures4 ,he 0 a man ( simple habits & mo/ sa9tly 9 all 8 ways4 ,he kept himself f all worldl9ess & 0 s good a fri5d to ! poor t ,i ?9k 8 s\l mu/ be already 9 ,heav54 ,he work$ cont9ually at 8 art1 b w\ld nev] pa9t any?+ b sacr$ subjects4 ,he might h be5 a weal?y man1 b he did n c>e = money & us$ to say t true ri*es consi/ 9 be+ cont5t ) little4 ,he might h enjoy$ high dignities bo? 9 8 conv5t & 9 ! _w1 b he c>$ no?+ = ^! ?+s1 say+ t he :o w\ld practice pa9t+ has ne$ ( quiet & %\ld be free f worldly c>es2 & t he :o w\ld d ! "w ( ,*ri/ mu/ live cont9ually ) ,him4 ,he 0 nev] kn[n to be impati5t ) ! ,bro!rs1--a ?+ to me almo/ incr$ible6 ,:5 p ask$ him = a picture he always repli$ t1 ) ! ,prior's approval1 he w\ld try & satisfy _! wi%es4 ,he nev] correct$ or ret\*$ 8 works1 b left !m z he fir/ pa9t$ !m1 say+ t su* 0 ! w ( ,god4 ,he nev] took 8 p5cil up )\t a pray] & c\ld n pa9t a ,crucifixion )\t ! te>s runn+ d[n 8 *eeks4 ,& ! sa9ts t he pa9t$ are m l sa9ts 9 face & expression ?an ^? ( any o!r ma/]4 ,& s9ce x seem$ t sa9ts & angels ( beauty s div9e c\ld only be pa9t$ by ! h& ( an angel1 he 0 always call$ ,fra ,angelico40 ,fra ,angelico 0 born 9 #achg 9 a little hamlet call$ ,vic*io1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,mugello 9 ,tuscany1 ab\t tw5ty miles f ,flor5ce4 ,8 surname is unkn[n--if inde$ he _h "o--= 8 fa!r1 :o liv$ 9 a cottage belong+ to ! "l ( ! ,ca/le ( ,vic*io1 0 simply kn[n z ,pietro ( ,mugello4 ,guido 0 ! "n 8 fa!r gave him b he *ang$ ?is to ,fra ,giovanni1 :5 he became a monk ( ! ,dom9ican ,ord] at ,fiesole 9 #adjf4 ,x is suppos$ t he _h be5 ?or\ghly tra9$ z a pa9t]1 because he imm$iately began to pa9t frescoes = ! monks2 & x is also suppos$ t 8,/>n9a0 0 8 ma/]4 ,ow+ to religi\s tr\bles1 ! ,dom9ican monks 7 driv5 f ,fiesole to ,foligno & !nce to ,cortona1 :]e ! e>lie/ extant works--movable alt>-pieces--( ,fra ,angelico are pres]v$4 ,9 #adah ! ,dom9icans return$ to ,fiesole1 :]e ,fra ,angelico1 or r ,fra ,giovanni1 liv$ = ! next few ye>s & :]e he pa9t$ _m ( 8 mo/ fam\s alt>-pieces4 ,9 #adcd ,cosimo de' ,m$ici 0 recall$ f bani%m5t & he imm$iately _h ! ,conv5t ( ,san ,m>co rebuilt = ! ,dom9ican monks ( ,fiesole4 ,:5 ! new build+ 0 ready 9 #adcf he commission$ ,fra ,angelico to decorate ! walls4 ,9 a cell :i* ,cosimo de' ,m$ici _h res]v$ = 8 own p]sonal retreat f worldly c>es1 he _h ,fra ,angelico pa9t a l>ge ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 = he desir$ to h 8?is example ( ,ea/]n k+s lay+ d[n _! cr[ns at ! mang] ( ,be?lehem always be=e 8 eyes z a rem9d] = 8 own guidance z a rul]40 ,:ile ,fra ,angelico 0 busy on a s]ies ( small panels depict+ ! ,life ( ,*ri/ = a cr$5za 9 :i* ! alt>-plate 0 kept & :i* _h be5 ord]$ by ,pi]o de' ,m$ici 7,cosimo's son71 ,pope ,eug5ius ,,iv call$ him to ,rome1 to pa9t a *apel 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s4 ,?ree ( ! rema9+ panels ( ! cr$5za 7 pa9t$ by ,alesso ,baldov9etti4 ,aft] complet+ ! *apel 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s1 ,fra ,angelico 0 invit$ to pa9t 9 ! ,ca!dral at ,orvieto2 &1 on f9i%+ ! "w !re1 he return$ to ,rome to sp5d ?ree ye>s decorat+ ! ,pope's ,oratory 9 ! ,vatican4 ,9 #adej he 0 back 9 ,flor5ce1 & he began ! new ye> ( #adea z ,prior ( 8 old mona/]y at ,fiesole4 ,aga9 he w5t to ,rome & di$ !re 9 ! ,h\se ( 8 ,ord] at ,santa ,m>ia sopra ,m9]va on ,m>* #ah1 #adee4 ,he 0 buri$ 9 ! mona/]y *ur* by ! high alt> & n f> f ! tomb ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e ( ,si5a4 ,pope ,ni*olas ,v wrote = him a ,lat9 epitaph1 ! la/ l9e ( :i* reads3 8,t city :i* is ! fl[] ( ,etruria bore me1 ,giovanni40 ,! pa9t+s ( ,fra ,angelico are not$ = _! f9e composition1 beautiful color+1 & v>iety & expression 9 ! heads & faces ( 8 p]sons & ,angels4 ,fra ,angelico's ,angels are p>ticul>ly beautiful2 & x is reasonable to inf] t x is because ( ^! ,angels s _m ( 8 works h be5 pres]v$4 ,no o!r pa9t] ( ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury has be5 treat$ ) s mu* rev]5ce z ,fra ,angelico4 ,! consequ5ce is t !re are some:]e betwe5 two & ?ree hundr$ ( 8 compositions 9 exi/5ce4 ,! great] numb] are /ill 9 ,flor5ce4 ,e l>ge gall]y1 h[ev]1 possesses "o or m4 ,among ! mo/ fam\s ones t all ! _w kn[s & loves are ,! ,virg9 & ,*ild surr\nd$ by ,twelve ,angels1 t5 ( :om are play+ musical in/rum5ts 7n[ 9 ! ,uffizi72 ,*ri/ ) ! ,bann] ( ,resurrection 79 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london72 & ,! ,coronation ( ! ,virg9 79 ! ,l\vre71 ( :i* ,gauti] said ! figures repres5t$ 8visible s\ls r ?an bodies--?\ghts ( human =m envelop$ 9 *a/e drap]ies ( :ite1 rose1 & blue1 s[n ) />s & embroid]$1 clo!d z might be ! happy spirits :o rejoice 9 ! et]nal light ( ,p>adise40 ,fra ,angelico's greate/ frescoes are 9 ! ,conv5t ( ,san ,m>co at ,flor5ce & 9 ! ,vatican at ,rome4 ,fra ,angelico is class$ v>i\sly z a 8,primitive10 a 8,go?ic10 an 8,int]national10 & an 8,e>ly ,r5aissance0 pa9t]4 ,! fact is he /&s betwe5 ! old & ! new4 ,8 position 9 ,art is v def9itively describ$ by ,b]5son3 8,yet simple ?\gh he 0 z a p]son1 simple & "o-sid$ z 0 8 message1 z a product he 0 s+ul>ly complex4 ,he 0 ! typical pa9t] ( ! transition f ,m$ival to ,r5aissance4 ,! s\rces ( 8 feel+ are 9 ! ,middle ,ages1 b he enjoys 8 feel+s 9 a way :i* is almo/ mod]n2 & almo/ mod]n also are 8 means ( expression4 ,moreov]1 he 0 n only ! fir/ ,italian to pa9t a l&scape t c be id5tifi$ 7a view ( ,lake ,trasim5e f ,cortona7 b ! fir/ to communicate a s5se ( ! pleasantness ( ,nature40 ,z a tribute to 8 spiritual qualities let u li/5 to ,mrs4 ,c>twright's eulogy3 8,all ! my/ic ?\ght ( ! ,m$ival _w1 ! passionate love ( ,god & man t beat 9 ! he>t ( ,/4 ,francis1 ! ye>n+s ( ,dante's s\l aft] a high] & m p]fect ord]1 ! poetic dreams ( ! monks :o sang ( ! ,cele/ial ,c\ntry are embodi$ 9 ! art ( ,angelico4 ,! dep? & s9c]ity ( 8 own religi\s feel+ l5t w+s to 8 imag9ation & ! exquisite purity ( 8 s\l brea!s 9 e l9e ( 8 pa9t+3 x is 8 own sweet & g5tle fancy t br+s d[n ^! en*ant$ visions ( ,p>adise40 ,,/4 ,,cosimas ,,& ,,/4 ,,damianus4 ,fra ,angelico 7#achg-adee74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,alb]t ,kell]4 ,ab\t ! ye> #adcf ,cosimo commission$ ,fra ,angelico to pa9t ! alt>-piece = ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,m>co 9 ,flor5ce 7see page #cg74 ,und]nea? ! gr\p ( ! ,virg9 & ,*ild ,fra ,angelico pa9t$ = ! pr$ella n9e beautiful panels repres5t+ ! leg5d>y hi/ory ( ,cosimas & ,damianus1 ! patron sa9ts ( ! ,m$ici family4 ,! panel1 %[n "h1 temp]a on wood 7#ad #ah in*es71 :i* comes f ! collection ( ,mr4 ,f4 ,bhl] ( ,muni*1 is "o ( ^! n9e pictures4 ,! companion pictures ( ?is ,s4 ,m>co alt>-piece are n[ 9 ,dubl91 ,flor5ce1 ,muni*1 & ,p>is4 ,?is composition1 divid$ into two episodes 9 "o build+1 repres5ts ! traditional b5evol5ce ( ! two ,sa9ts1 ,cosimas & ,damianus4 ,9 ! sc5e at ! left1 enact$ )9 a room1 :i* we view ?r\gh a l>ge1 r\nd$1 door-l op5+1 ,/4 ,cosimas & ,/4 ,damianus1 ) gold5 nimbi1 are adm9i/]+ to a sick man sitt+ up 9 a b$ :i* is elevat$ on a das4 ,! two ,sa9ts1 9 ! blue robe1 r$ mantle1 & r$ & :ite biretta ( ! physicians1 are /&+ on ei!r side ( ! b$1 (f]+ nutrim5t to ! invalid & giv+ _! b5$iction4 ,kneel+ beh9d ! b$-head are a man & a woman1 ! latt] we>+ a r$ mantle & :ite hood1 ! =m] a turban-l cap4 ,ov] ! b$ /ret*es a deep1 squ>e1 br[n canopy ) an olive-gre5 curta9 all ar\nd x4 ,on ! das re/s a tray ) an ew]1 & beside x on ! floor1 we see a r\nd /ool ) ?ree legs1 & a foot-/ool4 ,! sc5e on ! "r1 takes place 9 a cobbl$ c\rt-y>d ( a :ite h\se1 & "h we see "o ( ! ,sa9ts1 9 8 physician's g[n1 color$ z 9 ! fir/ sc5e1 :o has j h&$ to an ag$ woman a loaf ( bread1 receiv+ no paym5t b rais+ 8 "r h& 9 b5$iction4 ,! woman1 dress$ 9 a mauve g[n & :ite veil1 is clev]ly & gracefully pos$ )9 a small doorway1 & beh9d h] is a room ) an op5 door /ill f>!r back1 ?r\gh :i* fl[]+ %rubs are se52 & 9 ?is inn] room a ray ( light gl9ts on ! floor4 ,high on ! top ( ! wall a l>ge t]ra-cotta fl[]-vase is silh\ett$ aga9/ a blue sky1 & at ! left ( ?is !re is a n>r[ slit w9d[4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,alb]t ,kell] ,,/4 ,,cosimas ,,& ,,/4 ,,damianus --,fra ,angelico 8,cosimas & ,damianus 7 two bro!rs1 ,arabians by bir?1 b !y dwelt 9 g1 a city ( ,cilicia4 ,_! fa!r hav+ di$ :ile !y 7 yet *ildr51 _! pi\s "m1 ,!odora1 br\ght !m up ) all dilig5ce1 & 9 ! practice ( e ,*ri/ian virtue4 ,_! *>ity 0 s great1 t !y n only liv$ 9 ! greate/ ab/95ce1 di/ribut+ _! goods to ! infirm & poor1 b !y /udi$ m$ic9e & surg]y1 s t !y might be able to prescribe = ! sick1 & relieve ! suff]+s ( ! w\nd$ & infirm2 & ! bless+ ( ,god be+ on all _! endeavors1 !y became ! mo/ le>n$ & ! mo/ p]fect physicians t ! _w _h ev] se54 ,!y m9i/]$ to all :o appli$ to !m1 :e!r ri* or poor4 ,ev5 to suff]+ animals !y did n d5y _! aid1 & !y con/antly refus$ all paym5t or recomp5se1 ex]cis+ _! art only = *>ity & = ! love ( ,god2 & ?us !y sp5t _! days4 ,at l5g? ^? wick$ ,emp]ors1 ,diocletian & ,maximian1 came to ! ?rone1 9 ^: "t s _m sa9ts p]i%$4 ,among !m 7 ! physicians1 ,cosimas & ,damianus1 :o1 pr(ess+ !mselves ,*ri/ians1 7 seiz$ by ,lycias1 ! proconsul ( ,arabia & ca/ into prison4 ,at fir/ !y 7 ?r[n into ! sea1 b an ,angel sav$ !m2 & !n !y 7 ca/ into fire1 b ! fire refus$ to consume !m2 & !n !y 7 b\nd on two crosses & /on$1 b ( ! /ones flung at !m1 none rea*$ !m1 b fell on ^? :o ?rew !m & _m 7 kill$4 ,s ! proconsul1 believ+ t !y 7 en*ant]s1 comm&$ t !y %\ld be behead$1 :i* 0 done40 ,?is ,ori5tal leg5d1 :i* is ( great antiquity1 0 transplant$ into ,we/]n ,europe 9 ! fir/ ages ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! ,emp]or ,ju/9ian1 hav+ recov]$1 z he suppos$1 f a dang]\s illness1 by ! int]cession ( ^! sa9ts1 erect$ a sup]b *ur* 9 _! honor4 ,among ! ,greeks ,cosimas & ,damianus succe$$ to ! wor%ip & attributes ( sculapius2 & f _! dis9t]e/$ refusal ( all pay or rew>d !y are di/+ui%$ by ! honorable title ( ,an>gyres1 :i* signifies moneyless1 or )\t fees4 ,,madonna ,,della ,,/ella4 ,fra ,filippo ,lippi 7#adjf8-adfi74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,c>l ,w4 ,hamilton4 ,?is picture came directly f ! ,mona/]y ( ! ,c>m9e ,bre?r5 9 ,flor5ce to ! pres5t own]4 ,x is pa9t$ 9 temp]a on a panel #cb #be in*es4 ,! ,madonna1 ) head half turn$ t[>ds ! "r1 is /&+ at half l5g? & hold+ ! ,holy ,*ild v lov+ly 9 h] arms4 ,%e we>s a d>k-gre51 hood$ mantle1 ) wide gold bord] & fa/5$ across ! brea/ ) two n>r[ /raps ( gold embroid]y4 ,"u ?is is se5 a bright crimson robe fall+ 9 tight1 =mal plaits f ! neck4 ,! sleeve ( ! "r arm %[s a gold embroid]$ b& at ! wri/4 ,on ! "r %\ld] ( ! mantle is embroid]$ a gold5 /> 7rem9isc5t ( ! ,si5ese decoration71 f :i* ! picture takes ! "n ( ,madonna della ,/ella4 ,! head-dress1 :i* p]mits a little ( ! blonde hair to be se51 is ( a s(t1 :ite musl91 :i* is delicately fold$ & c>ri$ ar\nd ! base ( ! long1 sl5d] neck4 ,above ! head-dress is a v l>ge gold5 nimbus ) l9es radiat+ f ! c5tre4 ,! ,holy ,*ild is firmly support$ by bo? arms ( ! ,virg9 & re/s ,8 left foot on h] "r arm1 :ile ,8 "r leg hangs d[n beh9d h] wri/4 ,! ,holy ,*ild is swa!d 9 a drap]y ( purple hue & ,8 head is also encircl$ by a gold5 halo4 ,) ,8 left h& ,he grasps ! folds ( ,8 "m's head-dress1 :]e x falls ^u h] neck1 & ) ,8 "r ,he supports ,8 *9 9 a v mature & contemplative way4 ,! backgr\nd is compos$ ( a loosely hang+ gold brocade ( decorative patt]n4 ,! extravagant use ( gold produces a w>m & lu/r\s gleam & gl[ & ! deep colors /& out f ! backgr\nd ) great ri*ness & beauty4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,c>l ,w4 ,hamilton ,,madonna ,,della ,,/ella --,fra ,filippo ,lippi ,x is g5]ally accept$ t ,lucrezia ,buti1 ! "y nun :om ,fra ,filippo ,lippi /ole f ! ,conv5t ( ,santa ,m>gh]ita1 s]v$ z ! model = ?is ,madonna & t ! ,infant ,jesus is none o!r ?an ,fra ,filipp9o ,lippi1 ! future pa9t]4 ,comp>ison ) ! tondo 9 ! ,pitti ,palace1 repres5t+ ! ,madonna ) ,sa9ts1 9 :i* ,lucrezia ,buti is kn[n to appe>1 %[s ! same oval face1 sl5d] neck1 expressive eyes1 dilat$ no/rils1 full lips1 slightly dimpl$ *91 & wi/ful glance4 ,fra ,filippo ,lippi is "o ( ! /range/ p]sonalities 9 ! hi/ory ( art4 ,he became a ,c>melite monk f circum/ance r ?an *oice2 & nobody 0 ev] less fitt$ to belong to ,holy ,ord]s ?an ?is gay1 adv5ture-lov+ ,flor5t9e4 8,lippi 0 v fond ( good company10 ,vas>i notes1 8& l$ a free & joy\s life40 ,fra ,filippo ,lippi pres5ts a /range contra/ to ! sa9tly ,fra ,angelico1 :o 0 8 contempor>y & fell[-work]4 ,filippo ,lippi1 son ( a but*]1 0 born 9 or ab\t #adjf1 9 a /reet beh9d ! ,c>m9e ,*ur* 9 ,flor5ce2 &1 be+ left an orphan1 0 c>$ = by an aunt1 :o took him at ! age ( eight to ! ,conv5t ( ,/a4 ,m>ia del ,c>m9e & gave him to ! ,fri>s to re>4 ,! ,fri>s soon discov]$ ! boy's extraord9>y tal5t = draw+1 &1 =tunately1 enc\rag$ x1 s5d+ him to /udy "u ,lor5zo ,monaco4 ,at ?is "t ,masaccio 0 at "w 9 ! ,brancacci ,*apel ( ! ,c>m9e ,*ur*1 & "y ,lippi us$ to wat* him ) pr(\nd int]e/ & delight4 ,9 #adba ,filippo ,lippi became a ,c>melite monk2 b he 0 p]mitt$ to cont9ue 8 pa9t+ & he execut$ _m frescoes = *ur* & cloi/]4 ,9 t5 ye>s' "t he left ! mona/]y to give 8 :ole life to 8 art4 ,h[ev]1 he always sign$ 8 pictures 8,frat] ,philippus40 ,?\gh n a copyi/1 by any means1 ,fra ,filippo ,lippi %[s 9 8 works h[ mu* he admir$ & h[ mu* he le>n$ f ,masaccio1 ,masol9o1 ,dom5ico ,v5eziano1 & ,fra ,angelico4 ,adv5tures ( _m k9ds fill$ 8 life2 = in/ance1 !re is a /ory t he 0 captur$ by ,moori% pirates "o day :ile sail+ = pleasure1 & tak5 to ,b>b>y z a slave & t because he drew 8 ma/]'s portrait s clev]ly1 he 0 giv5 8 fre$om a ye> or s lat]4 ,?is--if x happ5$ at all--happ5$ 9 #adca-adcd4 ,ab\t ! la/-nam$ date ,fra ,filippo ,lippi 0 employ$ by ,cosimo de' ,m$ici1 :o took a great fancy to ! lively ,fri> & 0 mo/ indulg5t to 8 pranks & misdemeanors1 excus+ ev]y?+ he did because ( 8 g5ius & 8 attractive p]sonality4 ,fra ,filippo ,lippi decorat$ _m *ur*es1 palaces1 & villas = 8 patron4 ,among ! fir/ works t ,lippi pa9t$ = ! ,m$ici ,palace 7n[ ! ,ricc>di7 7 ! ,annunciation & ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ ) ,six ,o!r ,sa9ts 7bo? 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london74 ,lippi's mo/ important picture 9 ,flor5ce is 8 ,coronation ( ! ,virg94 8,lippi's "*1 h[ev]1 only affects 8 cr$it z a pa9t] by acc\nt+ = ! k9d ( success he a*iev$4 ,he _h1 z 0 to be expect$1 no e>s = ! message :i* ,donatello 0 at ?is "t tea*+1 & consequ5tly 8 pictures on religi\s subjects h an exce$+ly mundane "*4 ,nev]!less1 ! sweet s]i\sness ( 8 ,madonnas falls 9 no way %ort ( ^? ( ,fra ,angelico1 & ! faces ( 8 *ildr5 are full ( a qua9t1 mis*iev\s "* :i* is delightful1 :ile 9 bo? draw+ & color+ he %[s ! imm5se advance :i* _h n[ tak5 place 9 ,pa9t+4 ,& x is "h t ,lippi's true claim to fame lies4 ,masaccio1 ! only man :o up to t "t _h f\nd out ! true me?ods ( ! art ( ,pa9t+1 _h di$ too soon to be able to make kn[n 8 discov]y1 except to ! few :o c\ld visit ,flor5ce & ! ,brancacci ,*apel4 ,x 0 left = ,lippi1 ! r\gh boy :om he _h taught1 to %[ ! _w ,masaccio's discov]y4 ,& ,lippi did s4 ,vas>i says3 #8,taught z he _h be5 by ,masaccio1 he 0 a fai?ful foll[] ( ,masaccio's /yle2' & he adds t he foll[$ ! latt]'s me?ods s fai?fully1 t x appe>$ t ! _s ( ,masaccio _h ent]$ ,lippi's body4 ,?us :at ,masaccio _h done = ! art ( ,pa9t+ is *iefly to be se5 by a comp>ison ( ,lippi's pictures ) ^? ( ,masaccio's imm$iate pr$ecessors1 ! ,giottes*i4 ,lippi's pr9cipal picture 9 ,flor5ce is 8 ,coronation ( ! ,virg9 pa9t$ = ,cosimo & n[ 9 ! ,accademia delle ,belle ,arti2 b 8 be/ "w is consid]$ to be 8 frescoes 9 ! ,ca!dral at ,prato pa9t$ betwe5 #adef & #adfe4 8,x 0 n an easy ?+ to get any "w out ( ,lippi4 ,!re is an amus+ /ory ( h[1 :5 he 0 pa9t+ ?is picture = ,cosimo1 ! latt] be+ at la/ 9 despair 7ow+ to ,lippi's lazy ways7 ( ev] see+ ! picture f9i%$1 _h him lock$ up 9 ! room 9 ! ,m$ici ,palace :]e x 0 be+ pa9t$1 decl>+ t he %\ld n be let out until ! "w 0 done4 ,:]eupon ,lippi ti$ 8 b$clo!s into a rope1 let himself d[n f ! w9d[ into ! /reet & disappe>$ into ! slums ( ,flor5ce1 n to be f\nd aga9 = _m days40#f ,lippi's drunk5ness & 8 unscrupul\s behavior br\ght him _m times be=e ! magi/rates & on "o occasion he 0 flogg$ = embezzlem5t4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,m$ici family always came to ! rescue & help$ him out4 ,9 #adeb he 0 made ,*apla9 ( ,san ,niccol de ,fi]i1 ,flor5ce1 & 9 #adef ,*apla9 ( ,santa ,m>gh]ita1 ,prato1 & "h aga9 x 0 ,cosimo de' ,m$ici1 :o obta9$ ^! po/s = him4 ,at ,prato he pa9t$ "s ( 8 f9e/ pictures4 ,reque/$ by ! ,abbess ( ,/a4 ,m>gh]ita to pa9t a picture = ! ,*apel1 ! gay ,fri>1 :o 0 n[ ov] fifty1 fell 9 love ) a "y nun ( tw5ty-"o1 ,lucrezia ,buti1 :o _h tak5 ! v[s two ye>s previ\sly4 ,at ! ,fe/ival ( ! ,holy ,girdle 9 #adef1 ,fra ,filippo ,lippi manag$ to c>ry (f ! pretty nun & take h] to 8 h\se 9 ! vic9ity4 ,! next ye> ,filipp9o ,lippi 0 born1 :o appe>s 9 ! arms ( ,lucrezia ,buti 9 ! ,madonna della ,/ella repres5t$ "h4 ,two ye>s lat] ,lucrezia ,buti re-ent]$ ! ,conv5t2 b %e soon tir$ ( x & return$ to ,fra ,filippo ,lippi4 ,a *>ge ( abduction 0 !n br\ght aga9/ ! pa9t]1 :o aga9 appeal$ to ,cosimo de' ,m$ici2 &1 ?r\gh ! latt]'s influ5ce1 ,pope ,pius ,,ii absolv$ monk & nun f _! religi\s v[s & decl>$ !m lawfully m>ri$4 8,i laugh$ he>tily :5 ,i he>d ( ,fra ,filippo's escapade10 ,giovanni de' ,m$ici1 ,cosimo's y\ng] son1 rem>k$2 & t rem>k %[s exactly h[ ! ,m$ici felt t[>ds ,fra ,filippo ,lippi4 ,!y ador$ him z an arti/ & !y did n take him s]i\sly z a man4 ,ab\t #adfe ,fra ,filippo ,lippi left ,prato & w5t to ,spoleto1 tak+ ,lucrezia & 8 two *ildr5 7!re 0 n[ a daught]72 & !re1 /ill "u ! patronage ( ! ,m$ici1 ! en]getic pa9t]-monk produc$ a spl5did s]ies ( frescoes depict+ "o ( 8 favorite subjects1 ! ,coronation ( ! ,virg94 ,fra ,filippo 0 work+ on ! ,duomo at ,spoleto :5 he di$ 9 #adfi4 ,fra ,filippo ,lippi ga9s additional fame = hav+ be5 ! fir/ ma/] ( ,botticelli4 ,8 contempor>ies--)\t diss5t--reg>d$ ,fra ,filippo ,lippi z ! 8r>e/ ma/] ( ! "t40 ,fra ,filippo ,lippi 0 "o ( ! fir/ to use ! tondo =m4 8,8 dreams 7 all ( ! e>? & 8 ?\ghts nev] so>$ beyond ! gladness & beauty ( ! natural _w4 ,he pa9ts ! m]ry1 curly-head$ boys :om he met 9 ! /reets ( ,flor5ce z *]ubs1 takes 8 mi/ress z a model = 8 ,madonnas1 & peoples ! c\rt ( heav5 ) fair maid5s 9 ri* attire & da9ty head-ge>4 ,a ?or\gh-go+ reali/ at he>t1 8 naturalism diff]$ :olly f t ( 8 contempor>ies1 ,paolo ,uccello1 or ,&rea del ,ca/agno4 ,he nev] tr\bl$ 8 head ) sci5tific problems1 or new te*nical me?ods4 ,! old temp]a pa9t+ 0 good en\gh = him & he c>ri$ ?is =m ( art to ! highe/ p]fection1 :ile at ! same "t he pr(it$ by all ! advance :i* ,masaccio & 8 foll[]s _h made1 & gave a m>k$ impulse to ! new realism by ! /rong human elem5t :i* he introduc$ 9 8 works4 ,8 g5ial delight 9 all bright & pleasant ?+s1 9 ! daisies & ! spr+time1 9 ri* ornam5t & gl[+ color1 9 spl5did ar*itecture & sunny l&scapes1 9 lovely wom5 & r\nd baby faces1 fitt$ him 9 especial mann] to be ! h]ald ( t full] & l>g] life :i* 0 dawn+ on ! m5 & wom5 ( ! ,r5aissance40#g ,fra ,filippo ,lippi's son1 ,filipp9o ,lippi 7#adeg-aejd71 inh]it$ 8 fa!r's tal5t & 0 tra9$ by ,botticelli4 ,x 0 ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 :o recomm5d$ to ! ,fri>s ( ! ,c>m9e t !y %\ld employ ,fra ,filippo ,lippi's son to f9i% ,masaccio's frescoes 9 ! ,brancacci ,*apel4 ,filipp9o did ?is to ev]yone's satisfaction & 9 ,! ,trial ( ,/4 ,pet] & ,/4 ,paul he introduc$ portraits ( ,antonio ,pollaiuolo1 ,botticelli1 & himself4 ,filipp9o a*iev$ an enorm\s reputation & 0 belov$ = 8 mode/y & g5tl5ess ( "*4 ,z 9 ! case ( 8 fa!r1 ! next g5]ation ( ! ,m$ici cont9u$ _! patronage to a ,lippi4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,alesso ,baldov9etti 7#adbe-adii74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,9 ! *>m+ picture repres5t$ "h1 on canvas transf]r$ f panel 7#bi #ba in*es71 :i* 0 =m]ly 9 ! possession ( ,arnoldo ,corsi 9 ,flor5ce & aft]w>ds 9 ! ,collection ( ,mr4 ,william ,solomon 9 ,new ,york1 ! ,madonna1 se5 at ?ree-qu>t] l5g?1 is seat$ 9 a *air4 ,%e is turn$ slightly to ! left & we>s a r$ tunic edg$ ) gold & a blue mantle4 ,ov] ! :ite veil1 :i* cov]s h] temples & hides h] e>s1 is fold$ a gold5-br[n head-dress t desc5ds to h] %\ld]s4 ,h] head is encircl$ by a gold nimbus4 ,%e is gaz+ at ! ,holy ,*ild 9 h] lap ) d[nca/ eyes & p5sive expression4 ,! ,holy ,*ild1 :o is nude1 we>s a r$ coral necklace1 f :i* a 8*>m0 hangs4 ,ar\nd ,8 head is a v decorative cruci=m nimbus4 ,9 ,8 "r h& ,he holds a n>r[ piece ( :ite drap]y & ,he raises ,8 left h& 9 a b5$iction 9 ! ,greek mann]4 ,! l&scape 9 ! backgr\nd rec$es g5tly t[>ds a di/ant range ( hills1 %[+ scanty vegetation b5ea? a light-blue sky4 ,b]nh>d ,b]5son has pron\nc$ ?is a v *>act]i/ic "w ( ,baldov9etti's middle ye>s1 pa9t$ be=e ! pictures n[ 9 ! ,uffizi4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild --,alesso ,baldov9etti ,alesso ,baldov9etti1 born 9 ,flor5ce 9 #adbe1 0 a pupil ( ,dom5ico ,v5eziano & became a memb] ( ! ,pa9t]s ,guild 9 #addh1 :5 he 0 tw5ty-?ree4 ,8 entry-book1 a copy ( :i* is pres]v$ 9 ! ,ar*ives ( ,s4 ,m>ia ,nuova1 conta9+ 8 acc\nts & ord]s1 beg9s ) ! date #addi4 ,"o ( 8 fir/ commissions 0 to f9i% "s panels begun by ,fra ,angelico = a cr$5za 9 ! ,m$ici ,*apel ( ! ,annunziata 7see page #cg71 & "s pa9t+s on ! doors ( ! ve/ry ( ,santa ,annunziata 7n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ,san ,m>co71 :i* also complet$ a s]ies begun by ,fra ,angelico4 ,!nce=w>d he pa9t$ frescoes & alt>-pieces1 includ+ an alt>-piece repres5t+ ! ,annunciation = ! ,*apel ( ! ,m$ici villa at ,caffagiuolo 7n[ 9 ! ,uffizi7 & ! fresco repres5t+ ! ,bir? ( ,*ri/ 9 ,santa ,annunziata 7#adfj-adfb74 ,9 #adgj-adgc he 0 busy on ! alt>-piece 9 ! ,san ,ambrogio & ! ,tr9ita 7n[ 9 ! ,accademia74 ,( ! frescoes ( ,santa ,tr9it1 on :i* he work$ until #adig1 only a small portion rema9s4 ,o!r unque/ionable works by ,baldov9etti are ! ,madonna & ,sa9ts 79 ! ,uffizi7 & a few pictures 9 private collections4 ,baldov9etti also pa9t$ a great numb] ( panels = private alt>s & he frequ5tly turn$ f religi\s subjects to decorate m>riage-*e/s & o!r sumptu\s furniture4 ,he also work$ 9 mosaics1 made c>toons = /a9$ glass1 & produc$ designs = int>sia1--all ( :i* develop$ 8 delightful1 decorative qualities4 ,baldov9etti's entire life seems to h be5 absorb$ 9 pa9t+4 ,he m>ri$ late4 ,aft] ! dea? ( 8 wife1 he ent]$ ! hospital ( ,s4 ,paolo ( ! ,?ird ,ord] ( ,/4 ,francis & bequea!d :at few possessions he _h to ?is h\se ( *>ity4 ,aft] 8 dea? 9 ,flor5ce 9 #adii1 a l>ge *e/ t belong$ to him 0 op5$2 b ! monks1 in/ead ( see+ ! hop$-= gold1 only f\nd a book on mosaic-"w & "s draw+s4 8,no "o 0 really surpris$10 says ,vas>i1 :o tells ! /ory1 8= ,baldov9etti 0 s k9d & c\rte\s t he %>$ ev]y?+ he possess$ ) 8 fri5ds4 ,alesso 0 a v dilig5t arti/1 :o tri$ to copy m9utely e detail 9 ,"m ,nature4 ,he lov$ pa9t+ l&scapes exactly z !y are1 & y see 9 8 pictures riv]s1 bridges1 rocks1 plants1 fruit-trees1 roads1 fields1 t[ns1 ca/les1 & an inf9ite numb] ( simil> objects4 ,9 8 ,nativity y c c\nt ! sep>ate /raws & knots 9 ! ?at*$ ro( ( ! hut & y see ! /ones 9 ! ru9$ h\se beh9d1 worn away by ra91 & ! ?ick root ( ivy gr[+ up ! wall is pa9t$ ) s mu* accuracy t ! gre5 leaves are diff]5tly %ad$ on ei!r side2 & among ! %eph]ds he introduc$ a snake crawl+ 9 ! mo/ natural mann] along ! wall40 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,lady4 ,pi]o ,pollaiuolo 7#addc-adif74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,nils ,b4 ,h]sl(f4 ,9 pr(ile to ! "r1 ) features cle>-cut & /rongly outl9$ aga9/ a light-gre5 backgr\nd1 appe>s a "y ,flor5t9e lady1 ^: dress & be>+ proclaim h] to be a patrician4 ,%e has n be5 z yet id5tifi$2 b d\btless %e 0 "o ( ^? elegant & gay ,flor5t9es :om we meet ) 9 song & /ory4 ,we are v safe to guess t %e 0 a fri5d ( ! ,m$ici & ,tornabuoni gr\p & play$ h] "p 9 ! brilliant life ( ! p]iod4 ,h] dress1 p9k brocade ) a floral patt]n1 is edg$ ) :ite ar\nd ! neck4 ,h] hair is fancifully plait$ ) pale blue ribbons & p>tly cov]$ ) a head-dress ( ?9 :ite gauze1 :i* falls ov] ! "r e> on to h] neck2 & h] hair is also decorat$ ) a jewel set 9 pe>ls4 ,accord+ to ! fa%ion ( ! "t1 h] =ehead & ! nape ( h] neck are %av52 = ! long l9e ( ! neck 0 consid]$ ( ! greate/ importance4 ,x 0 also important to hold ! head prop]ly2 & ?is "y lady has c]ta9ly acquir$ ! correct & noble c>riage ( ! head4 ,an unpubli%$ lett] ( ,b]5son exclaims en?usia/ically3 8,?is pr(ile portrait ( a ,"y ,lady by ,pi]o ,pollaiuolo ,i believe to be "o ( ! mo/ delightful ( ! s]ies ( female pr(iles :i*1 f ,paolo ,uccello & ,dom5ico ,v5eziano d[n to ,botticelli & ,amico di ,s&ro1 glorifies ! art ( ,flor5ce dur+ ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury4 ,few ( !m h surviv$ to our own "t4 ,) ! exception ( "o 9 ! ,poldi ,collection at ,milan1 ?is is ! mo/ satisfactory ( !m all2 = besides repres5t+ an extraord9>ily attractive p]sonality ( ! highe/ ,flor5t9e society ( ! "t 7z1 inde$ is confirm$ by ! dress & ! jewels71 x is a "w ( art ( exquisite draughtsman%ip1 subtle modell+1 & delicate1 pure color40 ,! pa9t+ 9 temp]a is on a panel1 #ah #ac in*es1 & came f sev]al important ,collections1--t ( ! ,conte ,isolani ,bologna2 ,b>on ,lazz>oni1 ,rome2 & ! late ,mr4 ,william ,solomon1 ,new ,york4 ,mr4 ,b]5son notes ! f9e draughtsman%ip 9 ?is picture4 ,unusual draw+ is to be expect$ f ! bro!rs ,pollaiuolo4 ,b5v5uto ,cell9i call$ ,antonio 8! be/ draughtsman ( 8 day 9 ,flor5ce0 & tells u t all ! goldsmi?s work$ f 8 designs2 &1 z ,antonio tra9$ 8 y\nge/ bro!r1 ,pi]o1 we _c be surpris$ at ! simple1 direct1 & comm&+ l9es & ^! tell+ effects produc$ by su* economical me?ods4 ,! real "n ( ! tal5t$ bro!rs 0 ,b5ci4 ,_! fa!r1 ,jacopo d',antonio ,b5ci1 0 nicknam$ by 8 fri5ds1 ,pollaiuolo1 because 8 fa!r kept a p\lt]] %op4 ,jacopo 0 a goldsmi? & 0 employ$ by ,lor5zo ,ghib]ti2 & x is said t he made a rem>kable quail on "o ( ! ,bapti/]y ,gates4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,nils ,b4 ,h]sl(f ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,lady --,pi]o ,pollaiuolo ,antonio 7#adcb-adih7 0 appr5tic$ to ,b>toluccio ,ghib]ti1 a goldsmi?1 & soon a*iev$ fame 9 ,flor5ce z a work] 9 jewelry & niello4 ,lor5zo ,ghib]ti call$ him to "w on ! ,bapti/]y 8,gates ( ,p>adise0 & ! ,bronze ,doors4 ,9 #adei he />t$ to "w indep5d5tly & became r5[n$ z a pa9t]1 sculptor1 & ma/] goldsmi?4 ,8 bottega ne> ! ,ponte ,vec*io 0 ! mo/ popul> work%op 9 ,flor5ce2 & "h he rema9$ until he w5t to ,rome 9 #adhd4 ,pi]o ,pollaiuolo help$ ,antonio 9 8 "w & 0 also v v]satile4 ,engrav+s1 draw+s1 niello1 sculpture1 & pa9t+1 besides a va/ am\nt ( gold-"w1 silv]-"w1 & bronze-"w prove ^! m5 to be z indu/ri\s z !y 7 tal5t$4 ,!y also foll[$ ,alesso ,baldov9etti 9 try+ out new oil glazes & v>ni%es4 ,9 #adfj ! ,pollaiuoli pa9t$ 9 ! ,m$ici ,palace1 & ab\t ! same "t execut$ ! six life-siz$ ,virtues = ! ,tribunal ( ! ,m]catanzia4 ,9 #adga ,pi]o pa9t$ a portrait ( ,galeazzo ,s=za1 ,duke ( ,milan1 :o 0 visit+ ,flor5ce2 & ?is portrait1 :i* hung = _m ye>s 9 ! ,m$ici ,palace1 is n[ 9 ! ,uffizi4 ,pi]o's fresco ( ,/4 ,*ri/oph]1 pa9t$ at ,san ,m9iato outside ! gates1 is consid]$ by mo/ au?orities to be ! same ,/4 ,*ri/oph] n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum1 ,new ,york4 ,pi]o also pa9t$ a v f9e ,annunciation 7n[ 9 ! ,b]l9 ,gall]y71 :i* has a view ( ,flor5ce & ! ,val d',arno ?r\gh ! op5 w9d[s & :i* is rem>kable = its ,r5aissance ar*itecture2 = ! pr(usion ( pe>ls & o!r jewels adorn+ ! ,virg9's *air & ! robes ( ! ,angels2 & = ?ree ,*]ubs play+ ! lute1 viol1 & organ4 ,9 #adhi ,antonio 0 call$ to ,rome by ,pope ,innoc5t ,,viii to make ! bronze tomb ( ,sixtus ,,iv1 & a monum5t = himself 9 ,/4 ,pet]'s4 ,he 0 jo9$ by ,pi]o4 ,! ,pollaiuoli nev] saw ,flor5ce aga92 =1 on acc\nt ( ! rag+ ,plague1 no travell]s 7 all[$ to come )9 tw5ty miles ( ,flor5ce4 ,pi]o di$ 9 #adif & ,antonio 9 #adih2 & at ! reque/ ( ! latt] he 0 buri$ 9 ! same tomb ) ,pi]o 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,pietro 9 ,v9cula4 ,! ,pollaiuoli 7 closely associat$ ) ,botticelli1 ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 ,ghib]ti1 & ,v]roc*io4 ,,giuliano ,,de' ,,m$ici4 ,s&ro ,botticelli 7#addd-aeaj74 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,otto ,h4 ,kahn4 ,?is pr\d1 intellectual1 ref9$1 & cold face is pa9t$ almo/ 9 pr(ile2 b1 not)/&+ t we see only a "p ( ! face1 we seem to see x all4 ,nev] did pa9t] a*ieve a m complete pres5tation ( p]sonality & ( "*4 ,moreov]1 ,botticelli has pa9t$ ! :ole ( ,flor5t9e ,society 9 ?is portrait4 ,& ) :at amaz+ly simple means6 ,!re is practically no co/ume1--a black d\blet1 giv+ a glimpse ( a r$ tunic bel[1 & a sev]e :ite l95 b& do+ duty = a coll>4 ,ev5 ! backgr\nd is neutral6 ,! simplicity ( pres5tation & ! economy ( l9e are almo/ ,japanese 9 _! sev]ity4 ,! skillful h&l+ is almo/ ,ori5tal1 too4 ,no?+ seems to h be5 done "h = effect1--yet :at effect is "h6 ,!re is almo/ no color2 & ! hair1 too1 :i* falls to ! neck1 is black4 ,if we did n "k t ,giuliano de' ,m$ici 0 a da%+ "y ,flor5t9e ( high mettle & full ( ! ze/ ( life1 we might easily mi/ake him = a prie/4 ,! picture1 pa9t$ on wood 7#ba #ac in*es71 gives u ! impression ( a life-size portrait4 ,x 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,collection ( ,conte ,procolo ,isolani1 9 ,bologna4 ,giuliano de' ,m$ici 0 "o ( ! mo/ romantic *>act]s 9 hi/ory2 & ! trag$y t cut ! ?read ( 8 life at ! age ( tw5ty-five adds no little to ! romantic appeal he makes to u to-day4 ,yet ev5 at ?is age1 he _h s p]fect$ himself 9 all ! accompli%m5ts t belong$ to a g5tleman ( ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury t he /&s z ! v type ( ! elegant "y man ( 8 p]iod4 ,giuliano 01 l 8 bro!r1 ,lor5zo1 pr(ici5t 9 ! arts1 a lov] ( pictures1 music1 & poetry2 he wrote *>m+ love-songs & o!r lyrical v]se2 he 0 intellectual & witty & talk$ extremely well2 & he 0 a brilliant j\/] & a well-tra9$ all-r\nd a?lete & devot$ to ! *ase4 ,= all ^! ?+s ! ,flor5t9es admir$ him2 b !y lov$ him = 8 "*1 8 high-m9d$ness1 & 8 c\rtesy4 ,he ador$ 8 bro!r2 & ,lor5zo1 :o 0 f> f h&some1 _h no jeal\sy = ! admiration t 8 y\ng] bro!r inspir$4 ,! t]rible murd] ( ?is public idol at ,high ,mass 9 ! ,ca!dral fir/ %ock$ & !n griev$ ! entire community4 ,! grief manife/$ at ! great public fun]al 9 ! *ur* ( ! ,m$ici family1 ,san ,lor5zo1 0 viol5t & s9c]e1 = ,giuliano de' ,m$ici 0 ! belov$ ( bo? high & l[4 ,9 8 book1 ,! ,m$ici1 ,col4 ,"y writes3 8,giuliano de' ,m$ici1 ! y\nge/ ( ! five *ildr5 ( ,pi]o il ,gottoso & ,lucrezia ,tornabuoni1 01 unlike 8 bro!r ,lor5zo1 exce$+ly good-look+2 he 0 gift$ ) consid]able abilities1 & = 8 _m ende>+ qualities 0 greatly belov$1 n only 9 8 own family b also by ! p ( ,flor5ce4 ,be=e 8 e>ly dea? he _h already %[n on sev]al occasions t he possess$ pl5ty ( political capacity & c\ld give valuable advice to 8 bro!r4 8,! relations :i* exi/$ betwe5 ^! two bro!rs is "o ( ! pleasante/ ?+s 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,m$ici4 ,at t epo* jeal\sy betwe5 bro!rs plac$ 9 su* a position z ,lor5zo & ,giuliano 7 0 ! normal /ate ( ?+s4 ,t x 0 entirely abs5t 9 _! case speaks well = bo? ( !m4 8,giuliano 0 tw5ty-five at ! "t ( 8 dea?4 ,he left an illegitimate son1 born j at t "t4 ,lor5zo took ! *ild & br\ght him up ) 8 own sons2 & ?is *ild became 9 ! next g5]ation ! well-kn[n ,giulio de' ,m$ici1 aft]w>ds ,clem5t ,,viii40 ,aless&ro di ,m>iano ,filipepi 0 born 9 ,flor5ce 9 #addd1 ! son ( a prosp]\s tann] :o _h f\r sons1 ! elde/ ( :om1 ,giovanni1 0 call$ 8,bottecello0 f ! sign ( a b>rel :i* hung ov] 8 %op1 & :i* "n 0 giv5 to all ! o!r memb]s ( ! family4 ,s&ro ,botticelli1 l s _m o!r ,flor5t9e pa9t]s began life z a goldsmi?4 ,!n he 0 appr5tic$ to ,fra ,filippo ,lippi1 :o 01 ( c\rse1 able to h& on to him ! old ,giottesque tradition4 ,botticelli next fell "u ! influ5ce ( ! ,pollaiuoli1 ) :om he work$4 ,x 0 n long1 h[ev]1 be=e ! "y pa9t] began to exhibit 8 orig9ality4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,otto ,h4 ,kahn ,,giuliano ,,de' ,,m$ici --,s&ro ,botticelli ,soon aft] return+ f ,prato1 :]e he _h gone to help ,fra ,filippo ,lippi ) ! frescoes 9 ! ,ca!dral1 he 0 imm$iately employ$ by ,pi]o il ,gottoso1 :o ) 8 wife1 ,lucrezia ,tornabuoni1 recogniz$ ! g5ius & peculi> *>m ( ! "y pa9t]1 & took him into ! ,casa ,m$ici almo/ l a son4 ,botticelli 0 at ?is "t ab\t tw5ty-"o1 only five ye>s old] ?an ,lor5zo1 ! elde/ son4 ,consequ5tly1 ,botticelli 0 on ! mo/ intimate t]ms ) ,lor5zo & ,giuliano4 ,all ! pictures ( ?is p]iod except ,=titude 7 pa9t$ = ,pi]o1 :o be/[$ l>ge rew>ds on ! pa9t]4 ,! ,madonna ( ! ,magnificat1 "o ( 8 mo/ beautiful pictures 7n[ 9 ! ,uffizi7 0 pa9t$ 9 #adfe 7:5 ,lor5zo & ,giuliano 7 ab\t sixte5 & twelve72 & x mu/ h be5 done especially to please ,lucrezia ,tornabuoni1 = h] two sons are repres5t$ z ,angels kneel+ be=e ! ,madonna & hold+ ! ink/& & ! book4 ,giuliano is ! "o fac+ u ) ! conspicu\s lock ( hair on 8 =ehead1 :ile ,lor5zo1 ( d>k] complexion1 is 9 pr(ile & 9 full light4 ,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 pa9t$ 9 #adfg = ,/a4 ,m>ia ,novella 7n[ 9 ! ,uffizi7 is also a ,m$ici family gr\p surr\nd$ by _! protgs 9 art & lett]s4 ,cosimo1 8,pat] ,patri0 7!n dead71 is kneel+ be=e ! ,holy ,*ild2 ,giovanni1 bro!r ( ,pi]o il ,gottoso 7!n dead71 /&s at ! left 9 a r$ & black co/ume2 ,pi]o il ,gottoso is kneel+ 9 ! c5tre ) back to ! spectator2 ,giuliano1 9 a robe ( :ite & gold1 is kneel+ at ! latt]'s "r & ,lor5zo1 ag$ sev5te51 /&s at 8 left1 hold+ a sword4 ,! la/ figure1 /&+ on ! "r1 is ,botticelli himself4 ,botticelli's portrait ( ,lucrezia ,tornabuoni is 9 ! ,kais] ,fri$ri* ,museum1 ,b]l94 ,:5 ,lor5zo1 de/9$ to become kn[n z ! 8,magnific5t10 became1 on ! dea? ( 8 fa!r1 head ( ! ,m$ici & rul] ( ,flor5ce1 he cont9u$ ! ,m$ici patronage to ,botticelli4 8,x 0 a p]iod :5 ! exub]ant vitality ( ! ,r5aissance 0 at its height2 & ! fir/ n9e ye>s ( 8 rule1 :5 he 0 f tw5ty to tw5ty-n9e & 8 bro!r1 ,giuliano1 f sixte5 to tw5ty-five1 0 a "t 9 ,flor5ce ( con/ant fe/ivities ( music1 art1 & poetry1 ( joy & laught] & all ! bright side ( life4 ,x 0 ! fa%ion ( ! day to import into all amusem5ts an imitation ( ! ,classic times ( anci5t ,greece1 & ! ,flor5ce ( t "t appe>s set be=e u z a city #8) y\? at ! pr[ & pleasure at ! helm' & full ( all ! life1 joy1 & pleasure ( ! old pagan ideal ( ,greece set 9 a ,fifte5? ,c5tury dress4 ,besides all 8 duties 9 reg>d to ,/ate affairs & labors 9 ! f\nd+ ( in/itutions to advance ,le>n+1 n to m5tion 8 own lit]>y "w1 ,lor5zo ) 8 bro!r l$ ^! fe/ivities organiz+ pageants & o!r spectacles ( ! mo/ co/ly description 7p]meat$ ) classical le>n+ & poetical allusions7 = ! popul> amusem5t40#h ,^! ent]ta9m5ts took ! =m ( masques1 tableaux1 & t\rnam5ts4 ,"y ,lor5zo1 too1 ga!r$ at 8 villa 9 ,fiesole & ev5 m p>ticul>ly 9 t ( ,c>eggi ! lit]ati ( ! day & read classical au?ors ) ^! s*ol>s1 p>ticul>ly commemorat+ once a ye> ! bir?day ( ,plato4 ,9 #adfi ,lor5zo held a magnific5t t\rnam5t = 8 own glorification & 9 #adge an ev5 m elaborate "o 9 honor ( ,giuliano 9 ! ,piazza ,/a4 ,croce1 ) ! beautiful ,simonetta ,cattaneo1 :o _h lately be5 m>ri$ at ! age ( sixte51 to ,m>co ,vespucci1 z ! ,que5 ( ,beauty4 ,giuliano1 n[ j tw5ty-two1 wore a suit ( silv] armor & ,v]roc*io design$ 8 helmet1 & ,lor5zo's also4 ,botticelli1 ( c\rse1 witness$ ?is t\rnam5t & did = x 9 pa9t+ :at ,politian did 9 8 poem1 ,la ,gio/ra di ,giuliano de' ,m$ici4 ,! ,primav]a or ,return ( ,spr+ 7n[ 9 ! ,accademia1 ,flor5ce71 ! ,bir? ( ,v5us 79 ! ,uffizi7 & ,m>s & ,v5us 79 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london71 7 all ?ree pa9t$ = ,lor5zo4 ,all ! elaborate imag]y ( ,politian's v]se is reproduc$ 9 ,botticelli's pa9t+ repres5t+ ! ,bir? ( ,v5us 9 allusion to ! ,que5 ( ,beauty1 ,simonetta1 ( ,giuliano's ,t\rnam5t4 ,9 ! second picture1 ,m>s & ,v5us1 ,botticelli aga9 foll[s ,politian's poem4 8,& !n hav+ devot$ "o picture to ! t\rnam5t's ,que5 ( ,beauty1 & "o to ! victor 9 its mimic w>f>e1 ,botticelli makes 8 ?ird picture 7! mo/ important ( ! ?ree7 relate to ,lor5zo & 8 "p 9 all ?is1 ga!r+ up 9 "o view ! :ole subject ( ^! pa/imes4 ,?is ,botticelli does ) great tal5t & 9 a mann] all 8 own4 ,he takes = 8 text ! celebrat$ /&>d :i* _h be5 borne 9 front ( ,lor5zo at bo? 8 & ,giuliano's t\rnam5ts1 ) its motto ( ,le temps revi5t1 its device ( ! bay-tree1 :i* _h appe>$ dead1 aga9 putt+ =? its leaves1 & its allusion to ! new era ( y\? & joy :i* ,lor5zo _h inaugurat$1 & _h lik5$ to ! ,return ( ,spr+ aft] ! gloomy mon?s ( w9t]4 ,mak+ ! lead+ ?\ght ( 8 picture ! !me on ,lor5zo's /&>d1 ,botticelli pa9ts = him ! ,return ( ,spr+ 7! ,primav]a71 p]haps ! mo/ widely admir$ ( all ,botticelli's pictures4 8,& s ,botticelli depicts = u a sc5e ( light-he>t$1 y\?ful joy1 repres5t+ ! return ( spr+1 & by 8 great tal5t contrives t ! entire picture %all speak ( ,lor5zo & brea! ! v _s ( ! poems 9 :i* ! latt] _h sung ( ! joys ( ,may-"t 9 ,tuscany4 ,%ield$ f r\gh w9ds & scor*+ sun by a grove ( orange trees1 back$ by ! ev]-pres5t laurel 7always repres5t+ ,lor5zo f ! play on ! ,lat9 =m ( 8 "n1 ,laur5t9us71 ,que5 ,v5us 7,simonetta7 /&s presid+ ov] ! return ( spr+ to ,tuscany2 ! ,graces dance be=e h]2 f out a laurel grove at h] side ! ?ree spr+ mon?s1 ,m>*1 ,april & ,may 7or x may be ,zephyr1 ,f]tility & ,flora71 come br++ fl[]s ( e hue2 ,m]cury 7,giuliano7 scatt]s ! cl\ds ( w9t]2 & ! little bl9d ,god ( ,love aims 8 arr[s recklessly ar\nd4 8,^! pictures relat+ to ,giuliano's t\rnam5t c\ld n h be5 pa9t$ until "s "t aft]w>ds1 z 9 any case !y c\ld n h be5 s until ,politian's poem _h appe>$2 & !y may h be5 execut$ at any "t dur+ ,lor5zo's life4 ,if pa9t$1 z is mo/ probable1 subsequ5tly to ,giuliano's dea? 9 #aegh1 !y w\ld rem9d ,lor5zo ( a "t ( bygone joys2 & w\ld be all ! m priz$ by him on t acc\nt40#i ,a few mon?s aft] ,giuliano's gr& t\rnam5t ! beautiful ,simonetta 0 ly+ dead & ?ree ye>s lat] ,giuliano 0 f\lly murd]$1 victim ( ! ,pazzi conspiracy4 ,9 #adha ,botticelli 0 s5t = by ,pope ,sixtus to assi/ ,p]ug9o & ,ghirl&aio 9 pa9t+ frescoes 9 ! newly erect$ ,si/9e ,*apel2 & :5 ?is "w 0 complet$ ,botticelli return$ to ,flor5ce ) an add$ lu/re to 8 "n4 ,x 0 ! fa%ionable ?+ = weal?y own]s ( villas to h frescoes pa9t$ 9 ^! c\ntry-h\ses2 & among _m ord]s t ,botticelli fill$ 0 an important s]ies ( frescoes = ,lor5zo ,tornabuoni 9 ! villa ( ! ,tornabuoni family 7n[ ,villa ,lemmi7 at ,rifr$i repres5t+ sc5es 9 ref]5ce to ! m>riage ( ,lor5zo ,tornabuoni & ,giovanna degli ,albizzi 9 #adhf 7see page #fh74 ,^! frescoes1 rec5tly discov]$ "u :itewa%1 are n[ 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,! dea? ( ,lor5zo ! ,magnific5t1 ! bani%m5t ( ! ,m$ici1 & ! rule ( ,savon>ola *ang$ ,botticelli's life & 8 /yle ( pa9t+4 ,9 ?is ?ird p]iod ! pa9t] ( nymphs & goddesses pa9ts 8 *>m+ & wi/ful ,madonnas ) _m sugge/ions ( ,v5us & ,simonetta & ! grace & lovel9ess ( ! pagan _w4 ,to ! la/ p]iod1 :5 ,botticelli _h em]g$ f ! ,savon>ola influ5ce1 ! great pa9t] produc$ ,calumny 79 ! ,uffizi7 & ! ,nativity 79 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london72 & ) ^! two works ! c>e] ( ,botticelli ends4 ,! !ory t ! ,bir? ( ,v5us1 ,m>s & ,v5us & ! ,primav]a 7 pa9t$ = ,lor5zo di ,pi] ,francesco has be5 ?or\ghly exam9$ & disprov$ by ,col4 ,g4 ,f4 ,"y 9 8 spl5did hi/ory ( ,! ,m$ici4 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,man4 ,s&ro ,botticelli 7#addd-aeaj74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,/&+ beh9d a balu/rade & look+ wi/fully t[>d ! obs]v]1 ?is h&some "y ,flor5t9e appe>s at half-l5g? ) 8 head incl9$ t[>ds ! left4 ,h[ we %\ld l to p5etrate 8 secret & help him away f ! melan*oly mood t has ov]:elm$ him6 ,al?\gh we see t he is a dream] 7& mo/ probably a lute-play] z 8 h&s might seem to indicate71 some?+ has t\*$ him v deeply--f> too deeply to be class$ z a mom5t>y sorr[4 ,we %\ld also l to "k 8 id5tity4 ,x is unlikely t x w ev] be reveal$4 ,b ( "o ?+ we c be well assur$1--he is an ari/ocrat & a "y g5tleman ( weal?1 = he has all ! air ( savoir faire & sur5ess ( 8 position4 ,we might make a guess t he is "o ( ! ,m$ici family4 ,c\ld x be ,giuliano8 ,look aga9 at ! ,madonna ( ! ,magnificat1 at ,giuliano imm$iately bel[ ! b5d+ ,angel6 ,! resemblance is q surpris+ & gr[s /rong] z we /udy ! two faces1 only 9 ! ,madonna ( ! ,magnificat ,giuliano is y\ng] & is se5 ) ! *>act]i/ic lock on 8 =ehead4 ,8 co/ume 9 ?is portrait %[s up well f ! black backgr\nd3 ! coat is purpli% br[n edg$ ) fur ) :ite puffs at ! %\ld]s2 & a r$ cap contra/s well ) 8 light-yell[ hair4 ,?is picture1 a temp]a pa9t+ on panel 7#ae #aa71 0 long 9 ! ,collection ( ,b>on ,ar?ur de ,s*ickl] 9 ,m>t9va/1 ,norm&y1 :]e x 0 attribut$ to ,masaccio4 8,!re c be no "q10 ,b]5son ?9ks1 8t ?is portrait is ,botticelli's own h&iwork4 ,! glamor x ca/ :5 ,i fir/ saw x fright5$ me into d\bts t 7 dispell$ directly ,i c\ld /udy ! pa9t+ at my leisure4 ,!re is no "o1 us+ ?is =mula & te*nique1 b ,s&ro himself :o has ! s9u\s l9e1 ! inevitable cont\rs1 ! /ructural articulation1 ! firmness1 conv9c+ness1 & delicacy ( modell+ ?is "w possesses2 nobody else :o c\ld produce a rhy?m s subtly vibrant1 or c\ld give ?is limpid1 radiant1 & e!real color+4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,man --,s&ro ,botticelli 8,true1 x is m ,botticellian ?an any o!r ,botticelli 9 exi/5ce4 ,he mu/ h utt]$ ?is complete/ note ( 8 own music j be=e he 0 seiz$ by ! ,savon>olian madness1 f :i* he nev] recov]$1 j at ! mom5t :5 he 0 mo/ peculi>ly & poignantly1 &1 if ,i may say s1 mo/ extravagantly1 himself4 ,! isolation ( ?is head1 too1 exagg]ates ! impression4 ,p]haps if we f\nd x z an ,angel 9 a ,magnificat1 or a ,madonna ) ! ,pomegranate1 9 a ,tobias or "s ,allegory1 ! o!r figures1 ! l&scape & all ! accessories w\ld prev5t our att5tion f conc5trat+ on :at is almo/ uncannily *>act]i/ic ( ! ma/]'s /yle40 ,b]5son also notes ! important h&1 :i*1 by ! way1 is especially light$ z if to draw our att5tion to x mo/ p>ticul>ly4 8,p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ ?+ ab\t ?is portrait10 he obs]ves1 8is ! manife/ competition ( ! h& ) ! face4 ,! h& is /udi$ j z c>efully1 drawn1 & modell$ ) z mu* int5tion1 z ! face itself4 ,its action reveals ! automatic n]v\s t5sion ( an ov]/rung physique t ! consci\s m9d1 controll+ ! expression1 tries to keep 9 ord]4 ,x ?us becomes1 9 a s5se1 ! mo/ important clue to und]/&+ ! "*4 ,if y ?9k x away1 ! expression1 ( c\rse1 rema9s1 b :at makes x compreh5sible disappe>s40 ,x is ?is peculi> intellig5ce & s5sitiv5ess ( ! h& t makes me suspect ! musician4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,s&ro ,botticelli 7#addd-aeaj74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,max ,ep/e94 ,?is picture is ! late/ ,botticelli to h be5 br\ght to ?is c\ntry = x arriv$ only 9 ,may1 #aibh4 ,x 0 pa9t$ 9 ,botticelli's e>ly p]iod1 ab\t #adgj or #adgb4 ,! ,holy ,*ild is h&some1 al?\gh robu/1 & ,8 embrace ( ! ,madonna is t\*+ly affectionate & human4 ,9 ?is picture ! ,madonna w\ld seem to h _h a vision ( ! com+ trag$y & %e is n yet resign$4 ,%e loves h] ,*ild too well4 ,t h] eyes are full ( te>s we c feel 9 ^? heavily droop+ lids4 ,h] face is full ( pa94 ,b ev5 9 h] suff]+ & quiet angui% ?is ,madonna is beautiful & graceful2 & we _c fail to see 9 h] face "s little resemblance to ,botticelli's ,v5us 9 ! ,primav]a & ,v5us 9 h] scallop-%ell borne ov] ! waves 9 ! e>ly morn+ 9 ! ,bir? ( ,v5us4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,max ,ep/e9 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild --,s&ro ,botticelli ,9 ?is picture ! ,holy ,*ild seems to h little or no consci\sness ( ,8 ,div9ity4 ,! ,"m "h is ! enlight5$ "o4 ,! picture is temp]a on panel 7#ce #bc in*es7 & came into possession ( ,m4 ,fral 9 ,p>is 9 #aijg4 ,x has be5 accept$ by ,bode & ,ja%iro z a g5u9e & an e>ly ,botticelli4 ,! ,madonna's robe is deep blue ) a l9+ ( dull gre51 :i* %[s at ! left wri/ & slightly d[n ! front & on ! left %\ld] a /> is embroid]$4 ,%e we>s a closely fold$ diaphan\s veil & a r$ sc>f1 "o end ( :i* is gracefully ?r[n ar\nd ! ,holy ,*ild4 ,! sleeve ( ! dress has a b& ( gold5 embroid]y at ! wri/4 ,! cruci=m nimbus ( ! ,holy ,*ild =etells ,8 de/9y4 ,! nimbus ( ! ,virg9 is pla94 ,! ,angel we>s a tunic ( deep cream :ite ornam5t$ ) gold on ! sleeves & a black b& ornam5t$ ) gold at ! ?roat4 ,on ! p>apet /&s a vase app>5tly ( alaba/] conta9+ myrtle leaves & :ite />-%ap$ fl[]s1 probably jasm9e 7see page #be74 ,?r\gh ! op5 ar* we see a g5tle l&scape1 ) a riv] w9d+ ar\nd di/ant hills4 ,,giovanna ,,tornabuoni4 ,dom5ico ,ghirl&aio 7#addi-adid74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan4 ,) ?is picture1 :i* is consid]$ 8"o ( ! f9e/ ,italian portraits 9 exi/5ce10 we /ep back into ! p]iod ( ! ,r5aissance & into ! v pres5ce ( "o ( ! mo/ gift$ & celebrat$ ( ! y\ng] wom5 ( ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan ,,giovanna ,,tornabuoni --,dom5ico ,ghirl&aio 8,art c\lds't ?\ b portray "* & ! m9d1 !n !re w\ld be no picture 9 ! :ole _w m beautiful ?an ?is40 ,su* is ! translation ( ! leg5d inscrib$ 9 capital lett]s on ! c>tel3 8,ars ult9am mores animumque eff+]e posses ,pul*rior 9 t]ris nulla tabella =et0 ) ! date ,,mcccclxxxviii4 ,! *>ms ( ,giovanna degli ,albizzi1 :o 0 m>ri$ to ,lor5zo ,tornabuoni 9 #adhf1 7 sung by all ! poets ( ,flor5ce4 ,giovanna came ( ! not$ ,albizzi family1 fam\s = weal? & rank & = lead+ ! p>ty ( ,nobles 7,gr&i7 aga9/ ! ,m$ici1 :om !y consid]$ up/>ts & enemies ( ! ari/ocratic faction 9 ,flor5ce4 ,by a =m] m>riage1 h[ev]1 ! ,albizzi _h become connect$ ) ! ,m$ici1 = ! wife ( ,pi]o de' ,m$ici 7il ,gottoso7 0 ,lucrezia ,tornabuoni1 "o ( ! mo/ accompli%$ wom5 ( ! age & ^: portrait by ,botticelli hangs to-day 9 ! ,kais] ,fri$ri* ,museum 9 ,b]l94 ,giovanna's husb&1 ,lor5zo ,tornabuoni 7,lucrezia ,tornabuoni's nephew71 01 !re=e1 ! fir/ c\s9 ( ,lor5zo & ,giuliano de' ,m$ici4 ,subsequ5t to ! own]%ip by ! ,tornabuoni & ,p&olf9i families1 ! portrait repres5t$ "h pass$ to a private ,collection 9 ,p>is & !nce to ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,willett ( ,brighton1 ,engl&2 to ! fam\s ,collection ( ,mr4 ,rodolphe ,kann ( ,p>is &1 f9ally1 to t ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan4 ,! picture is pa9t$ on a wood5 panel 7#bi #ai in*es74 ,/&+ 9 pr(ile to ! left & aga9/ an ar*itectural backgr\nd1 ! lady appe>s at half-l5g?4 ,%e we>s a ri* dress ( gold brocade ( a h&some & decorative patt]n ) squ>e neck1 ! sleeves ( a diff]5t mat]ial1 d>k-r$ 9 color & hav+ yell[ diamond-%ap$ comp>tm5ts be>+ a floral design 9 ! c5tre4 ,a h&some p5dant1 consi/+ ( a ruby ) ?ree pe>ls1 hangs f a f9e black silk cord ar\nd h] neck4 ,h] hair falls 9 light1 wavy tresses ov] h] temples & cov]s h] e>s4 ,9 ! recess at ! back is plac$ a clu/] ( preci\s /ones4 ,on ! "r is a ,book ( ,h\rs1 & above is loop$ a necklace ( coral beads4 ,all ( ^! ?+s und\bt$ly h "s p>ticul> & s5tim5tal association = ,giovanna4 ,giovanna di$ ! same ye> ?is portrait 0 pa9t$2 9 ?is ye> h] fa!r-9-law1 ,giovanni ,tornabuoni1 also uncle ( ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 commission$ ,ghirl&aio to decorate ! walls ( ! *oir ( ,/a4 ,m>ia ,novella ) ! ,lives ( ,john ! ,bapti/ & ! ,virg92 & "h aga9 ! portrait ( ,giovanna degli ,albizzi appe>s4 ,let u turn to ,mrs4 ,c>twright = a description ( ?is rem>kable s]ies ( frescoes3 8,^! tw5ty-"o subjects h be5 mu* injur$ by damp & re/oration & ! h& ( inf]ior assi/ants is pla9ly se5 9 _m ( ! be/ pres]v$ portions4 ,b z a spl5did illu/ration ( ,flor5t9e life ! :ole s]ies is ( r>e int]e/4 ,on ! "o h& we h ! public & (ficial life ( ! ,tornabuoni1 _! /ately banquets & processions2 on ! o!r1 we cat* a glimpse ( _! private & dome/ic hi/ory4 ,9 ! gue/s seat$ at ,h]od's ,fea/1 9 ! cr[ds :o ?rong ! temple c\rt1 we recognize ! ,tornabuoni & _! k9sm51 ! p>tn]s ( ! ,m$ici bank1 ,gianfrancesco ,ridolfi1 ,rod]igo ,sassetti1 & ,&rea de' ,m$ici4 ,on "o side we h a gr\p ( fam\s humani/s--,angelo ,poliziano1 ,m>silio ,fic9o1 ,cri/(oro ,l&9o1 & ,lor5zo's tutor1 ,g5tile de' ,bec*i2 on ! o!r1 we see ! pa9t] ) 8 ag$ fa!r & 8 bro!r1 ,david1 & bro!r-9-law1 ,seba/iano ,ma9>di1 ! assi/ants :o help$ 9 ! decoration ( ! *oir4 ,giovanna degli ,albizzi1 ! fair maid5 :o on ! #af? ( ,june1 #adhf1 became ! bride ( ,lor5zo ,tornabuoni1 is "h 9 h] /iff brocades & ri* jewels ) h] "y si/]-9-law1 ,lodovica1 & _m noble dames on _! way to visit ! "m & new-born babe4 ,^! frescoes1 :i* 7 f9ally complet$ 9 #adij1 fill$ ! ,tornabuoni family ) delight & wond]1 & ,ghirl&aio 0 next employ$ to pa9t ! *apel ( _! villa ne> ,fiesole1 :i* 0 un=tunately de/roy$ by floods 9 ! next c5tury40 ,z 9 ! case ( s _m ,italian pa9t]s1 ! "n by :i* ,ghirl&aio is kn[n is only a nickname3 x means 8,g>l&-mak]10 & 0 giv5 to him because 8 fir/ reputation 0 d]iv$ f ! beautiful gold & silv] g>l&s & wrea?s he made = ! weal?y ladies ( fa%ion4 ,ghirl&aio1 son ( ,tommaso ,bigordi1 a silk m]*ant ( ,flor5ce1 0 born 9 t city 9 #addi4 ,he began 8 life z appr5tice to a goldsmi?--z s _m sup]lative pa9t]s h done--& e>ly %[$ tal5t = draw+ & sket*+4 ,be=e long he left ! goldsmi? & ent]$ ! /udio ( ,alesso ,baldov9etti 7see page #dh72 & he und\bt$ly ow$ mu* to ?is pa9t] 9 8 fondness = decorative effects4 ,ghirl&aio 0 trem5d\sly indu/ri\s & always work$ ) ! be/ arti/s ( 8 "t4 ,at ,san ,gimigniano 9 #adge he work$ ) ,pi] ,francesco ,fior5t9o & he assi/$ ,botticelli 9 ! ,si/9e ,*apel 9 #adha4 ,8 own indep5d5t "w 0 /up5d\s4 ,ghirl&aio devot$ himself almo/ exclusively to sacr$ subjects & 8 frescoes are practically sc5es ( ! ,flor5t9e _w he knew s well4 ,:e!r he pa9t$ sc5es f ! life ( ,/4 ,francis1 or ( ! ,virg91 or ,h]od1 or ,/4 ,z5obius1 ! *>act]s repres5t$ are memb]s ( ! ,m$ici1 ! ,tornabuoni1 ! ,sassetti1 ! ,albizzi1 & o!r important ,flor5t9e families4 ,9 fact1 8 att5tion to details & ! c>eful way he r5d]$ !m1 %[ t he _h "s k ( contempor>y ,flemi% pa9t+s2 & consequ5tly ,ghirl&aio is reg>d$ z *ief ( ! ,flor5t9e reali/s4 ,h[ev]1 ,ghirl&aio rank$ 9 8 day ) ,botticelli & ,filipp9o ,lippi1 & he enjoy$ ! patronage & fri5d%ip ( ! ,m$ici4 ,ghirl&aio's mo/ important frescoes are ^? 9 ,/a4 ,m>ia ,novella repres5t+ ,lives ( ! ,virg9 & ,john ! ,bapti/1 commission$ by ,giovanni ,tornabuoni1 describ$ above1 & ^? 9 ,santa ,tr9it depict+ ! ,life ( ,/4 ,francis1 ord]$ by ,francesco ,sassetti describ$ on page #gb4 ,ghirl&aio di$ 9 #adid ( ! ,plague1 comp>atively "y1 b hav+ accompli%$ a va/ am\nt ( "w & hav+ tra9$ a numb] ( pa9t]s1 ! mo/ important ( :om 0 ,mi*elangelo4 ,ghirl&aio's son1 ,ridolfo ,ghirl&aio 7#adhc-aefa71 became a pa9t] & 0 an intimate fri5d ( ,raphael4 ,,francesco ,,sassetti ,,& ,,8 ,,son ,,teodoro4 ,dom5ico ,ghirl&aio 7#addi-adid74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,francesco ,sassetti1 a weal?y bank] & ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici's ag5t at ,lyons1 is %[n "h slightly "u life-size1 we>+ a purple skull cap & a r$ robe l9$ ) fur & held at ! wai/ by a black cord1 f :i* hangs a p\*1 or purse4 ,8 "r h& re/s ^u ! arm ( ! *air 9 :i* he is seat$4 ,8 eyes look d[nw>d ^u 8 son1 :o /&s at 8 left1 9 pr(ile1 gaz+ upw>d into 8 fa!r's face4 ,8 h&s are clasp$ & he is we>+ a co/ume ( silv]y grey brocade trimm$ ) :ite fur1 und]sleeves ( d>k-gre5 & sla%$1 & a sc>let cap4 ,?r\gh ! w9d[ we h an int]e/+ view ( an inlet ( ! sea 7or a l>ge riv]7 ) m\nta9s & build+s4 ,on ! top ( ! w9d[-frame !re is an inscription3 8,franciscos ,saxettvs ,!odorus ,,qve40 ,! picture is an oil pa9t+ on panel 7#bi #bj in*es7 & is suppos$ to h be5 execut$ 9 #adhg-adhi4 ,francesco ,sassetti 0 born ab\t #adbj & di$ 9 #adia4 ,teodoro 0 born on ,m>* #aa1 #adgi1 & is se5 "h at ab\t ! age ( eight or n9e1 :i* fixes ! date ( ! picture4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ,teodoro ,sassetti 0 ! gr&fa!r ( ,filippo ,sassetti1 an e>ly travell] 9 ,india 7see ,m>5cci1 ,lett]e di ,filippo ,sassetta1 ,fir5ze1 #ahee74 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e ,,francesco ,,sassetti ,,& ,,8 ,,son ,,teodoro --,dom5ico ,ghirl&aio ,?is picture comes f ! ,b5son ,collection & 0 =m]ly own$ by ,mr4 ,william ,graham4 ,francesco ,sassetti also appe>s 9 ! frescoes depict+ ! ,life ( ,/4 ,francis1 :i* ,ghirl&aio pa9t$ 9 ! ,sassetti ,*apel 9 ! ,tr9it 9 ,flor5ce4 ,ghirl&aio introduc$ into ?is s]ies o!r memb]s ( ! ,sassetti family1 z well z _m ( 8 illu/ri\s contempor>ies & fri5ds1 includ+ ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici1 ,pope ,honorius1 ,maso degli ,albizzi1 ,palla ,/rozzi1 & ,angelo ,acciaiuoli4 ,9 ! fif? fresco1 :]e ,/4 ,francis is br++ a dead *ild to life1 ,ghirl&aio has pa9t$ 8 own portrait4 ,he is conspicu\s 9 a r$ cap & re/+ 8 h& ^u 8 hip4 ,,! ,,umbrian ,,s*ool ,! ,umbrian ,s*ool occupi$ ! relative place 9 ! ,e>ly ,r5aissance t ! ,si5ese ,s*ool held 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,at fir/1 ,umbrian pa9t+ 0 ! (fspr+ ( ,si5a1 b x fell "u & develop$ "u ! influ5ce ( ,flor5ce4 ,flor5t9e arti/s came to ,umbria & ,umbrian arti/s w5t to ,flor5ce1 & gradually ! ,umbrian ,s*ool1 :i* _h c]ta9 qualities ( its own1 develop$ & rea*$ full fl[] 9 ! belov$ ( all ! _w1--,raphael4 ,! ^w ,umbrian is us$ r loosely by critics to include _m ,tuscan pa9t]s :o h to be ga!r$ into ?is gr\p1 :i* dates f ! end ( ! ,f\rte5? & beg9n+ ( ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury4 ,"o p>ticul> quality ( ! ,umbrians 0 _! ess5tially deep religi\s feel+4 8,:]eas ! devotion ( ,si5ese art _h be5 hi]atic1 ari/ocratic1 & ak9 to ! ideals ( ,m$ival ,byzantium1 t ( ,umbria became ec/atically human4 ,! ,r5aissance tr5d t[>ds br++ to e>? ! regal ,*ri/ian gods ( ! ,middle ,ages 0 n[h]e s /rong z 9 ,umbria2 & x is n an exagg]ation to say t we owe to ! ,umbrians our mod]n visual images ( ! ,et]nal1 ! ,madonna1 & ! o!r important memb]s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,pan!on4 ,! piety & humility ( ! figures 0 deep5$ & dignifi$ by a specially emphasiz$ space-composition1 bo? ar*itectural & l&scape4 ,l&scape backgr\nds 7 giv5 unusual importance & delicate beauty4 ,! ,umbrian ,s*ool ?us became ! mo/ *>m+1 ! t5d]e/1 & ! mo/ intimately human ( ,r5aissance ,italy40--,m$ival & ,r5aissance ,pa9t+s 7,fogg ,art ,museum1 ,cambridge1 #aibg74 ,! fir/ great ,umbrian pa9t] 0 ,g5tile da ,fabriano 7#acgj8-adbg71 pupil ( an e>li] ,umbrian pa9t]1 ,allegretto ,nuzi 7active f #acdf to #acgc71 9 turn a pupil ( ! ,flor5t9e ,b]n>do ,daddi4 ,! next important ,umbrian 0 ,pi]o della ,francesca or ,pi] dei ,frances*i 7#adaf8-adib71 pupil ( ,dom5ico ,v5eziano ( ,flor5ce1 important 9 8 own "w & important z a ma/]1 =m+ ,luca ,signorelli1 :o 9 turn influ5c$ ,mi*elangelo4 ,pi]o della ,francesca 0 also influ5c$ by ! ,flor5t9e1 ,paolo ,uccello1 ^: sci5tific lean+s t[>ds p]spective he %>$4 ,z a colori/1 z a pa9t] ( light & atmosph]e1 & z a ma/] ( composition1 ,pi]o della ,francesca ranks ) ! greate/ ,italian ma/]s ( ! ,e>ly ,r5aissance4 ,by ?is "t ,p]ugia _h become ! mo/ important c5tre ( pa9t+ 9 ,umbria4 ,among its conspicu\s arti/s 0 ,b5$etto ,bonfigli 7#adbe-adif72 ,fior5zo di ,lor5zo 7#addj-aeba71 ! suppos$ ma/] ( ,p]ug9o & ,p9toric*io2 ,p]ug9o1 ^: real "n 0 ,pietro ,vannucci 7#addf-aebc72 ,b]n>d ,p9toric*io 8! little pa9t]0 7#aded-aeac71 ^: real "n 0 ,b]n>d di ,betto1 or ,biagio2 & ! great ,raphael 7#adhc-aebj71 son ( ! pa9t] ,giovanni ,santi ( ,urb9o2 & ) ?is pa9t] ( ! _w's favorite ,madonnas ! ,umbrian ,s*ool practically ends4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,g5tile da ,fabriano 7#acgj-adbg74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman4 ,no little sugge/ion ( ! ,giotto ,madonna 7%[n on page #bg71 appe>s 9 ! ,madonna & ,*ild by ,g5tile da ,fabriano1 :i*1 accord+ to ,colosanti1 0 pa9t$ 9 ! be/ p]iod ( ! arti/1 %ortly be=e he produc$ ! ,adoration ( ! ,k+s1 n[ 9 ! ,uffizi4 ,9 comp>+ x ) ! ,giotto ,madonna1 we see t ! ar* has become slightly m po9t$ ?an ! "o 9 ! ,giotto picture & we f9d also a gold backgr\nd2 b 9 ! ,fabriano pa9t+ a graffito design ( two w+$ ,angels ) fl[+ robes on ei!r side is slightly visible4 ,z 9 ! ,giotto picture ! two nimbi are diff]5t2 ! ,virg9's nimbus hav+ an ,arabic inscription & ! nimbus ( ! ,holy ,*ild hav+ a ,go?ic foliage4 ,! ,virg9 is seat$ on a cassone1 or *e/ 7a n unusual b h>dly v com=table seat 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,c5tury71 cov]$ ) a d>k-br[n clo? ) floral figure beh9d :i* a til$ floor is se54 ,! ,virg9 we>s a long tunic ( cl>et-color$ damask ) gold bord]1 on :i* appe>s ! motto 8,ave ,m>ia ,pl5a ,dom---- ,tecu---- ,b540 ,on ! bord] ar\nd ! neck ! ^w 8,mat]0 appe>s4 ,! mantle is slit at ! sides ?r\gh :i* ! arm protrudes 9 a long sleeve ( ri* gold brocade ) ! pomegranate patt]n4 ,a sc>f ( ?9 yell[ wooll5 mat]ial1 decorat$ ) r$ & blue fl[]s & r$ fr+e1 is worn ar\nd h] head & neck4 ,! ,holy ,*ild has on a little dress1 v neatly made & fitt+ v snugly1 ( d>k-blue trimm$ ) a bord] ( r$ & gold4 ,he is /&+ ) ,8 left foot on ,8 "m's knee & is /epp+ =w>d ) ! o!r4 ,he has rais$ ,8 "r h& z if to emphasize ! words ,he is speak+ & to :i* ,8 "m is li/5+ ) rapt admiration4 ,?is movem5t ( ! ,*ild takes some?+ away f ! solemnity ( ! picture & ! ,virg9's mat]nal pride %[s h] to be m ( ?is e>? ?an ! ,giotto ,madonna ^: calm1 impassive yet t5d] beauty1 proclaims h] to belong to a high] sph]e ?an does ! ,fabriano4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild --,g5tile da ,fabriano ,! picture1 temp]a on panel 7#ch #bb in*es71 belong$ to ! ,alex&] ,bak] ,collection1 ,london1 & to ! ,collection ( ,madame ,e4 ,j4 ,s>toris1 ,p>is4 ,g5tile da ,fabriano's full "n 0 ,g5tile di ,nicola di ,giovanni di ,masso & he 0 born at ,fabriano ab\t #acgj4 ,he 0 a pupil ( ,allegretto ,nuzi & possibly ( ,ottaviano ,nelli4 ,vas>i says1 too1 t he /udi$ "u ,fra ,angelico4 ,he work$ 9 ,fabriano1 ,brescia1 & ,v5ice2 & 9 #adbb he became a memb] ( ! ,guild 9 ,flor5ce4 ,lat] he pa9t$ 9 ,orvieto1 ,si5a1 & ,rome1 :]e ,pope ,m>t9 ,v call$ him to pa9t 9 ,san ,giovanni ,lat]ano4 ,subsequ5tly ,g5tile pa9t$ 9 ,v5ice1 ,flor5ce & o!r places1 le>n+ all t 0 new f o!r pa9t]s he met & ev]y:]e attract+ foll[]s2 b nev] =gett+ 8 e>ly ,si5ese inh]itance 9 8 love = beauty & = decoration4 ,g5tile da ,fabriano became s mu* ( a travell] & cosmopolitan t he has to be class$ z an 8,int]nationali/0 z well z a ,si5ese pa9t]4 ,g5tile _h a m>vell\s tal5t = pres5t+ brilliant & beautiful pictures ( ! c\rtly life he saw ar\nd him & :i* 0 fa/ pass+ away = ! /yles & fa%ions ( ! approa*+ ,r5aissance4 ,8 ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 n[ 9 ! ,accademia delle ,belle ,arti1 ,flor5ce1 is a gorge\s repres5tation ( a procession su* z ! pa9t] _h d\btless _m times witness$4 ,x is :ile ?9k+ ( ?is brilliant ,adoration ( ! ,magi t ,b]5son exclaims3 8,fair knights & lovely ladies1 spurs ( gold1 jewell$ brocade1 crimson damasks1 gorge\s tra9s on regal /e$s ride "u gold5 skies :]e9 bright suns flatt] *>m$ m\nta9 tops4 ,all ! faces are agl[ ) bli!ness4 ,:y are !y s happy8 ,h !y wak$ f nightm>e haunt+s ( ,purgatory & ,hell8 ,s x w\ld seem2 & !y rejoice 9 ! blood tickl+ _! ve9s1 9 ! cool breezes1 9 ! smell ( fl[]s4 ,& :at a love ( fl[]s6 ,g5tile fills ) !m ev5 ! nooks & crannies ( ! woodwork enfram+ 8 gorge\s ,epiphany40 ,g5tile di$ 9 #adbg1--! "o great ,umbrian ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,mi*elangelo rem>k$ ( ,g5tile t 8 "n 0 9 p]fect h>mony ) ! tone ( 8 works4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,angels4 ,b5$etto ,bonfigli 7#adbe-adif74 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,otto ,h4 ,kahn4 ,we h "h a v unusual backgr\nd1 rem9d+ u ( ! ,arabian des]t1--tall1 b>r5 rocks2 & aga9/ ^! ! ,virg9 is seat$4 ,h] co/ume is v lovely1 consi/+ ( a r$ tunic cut squ>e across ! neck & f9i%$ ) a broad b& ( gold embroid]y1 & a blue mantle l9$ ) yell[4 ,ov] h] blonde hair1 :i* is arrang$ 9 ! /yle favor$ by ,italian ladies ( fa%ion1 wav$ & p>t$ & fall+ d[n at ! sides ( ! *eeks1 a :ite veil is fold$ 9 intricate plaits & made to ripple gracefully d[n ov] ! %\ld]s4 ,above ?is complicat$ head-dress is a gold5 nimbus4 ,! ,holy ,*ild1 re/+ on h] lap1 /eadi$ by ! ,virg9's h& & additionally support$ by ! graceful h& ( ! little ,angel1 is p>tly swa!d 9 musl94 ,"o ( ,8 little h&s re/s on ,8 "m's veil & ! o!r rea*es = a pomegranate1#aj :i* %e is hold+4 ,! dress ( ! ,angel is r$ bord]$ ) erm9e & ! bottom ( ! tunic is edg$ ) a deep gold b& ( ,cufic lett]+4 ,! nimbi are tool$ 9 gold & t ( ! ,holy ,*ild is cruci=m4 ,! /rong w+s ( ! ,angels so> up boldly above _! heads & make a p]fect balance to ! rocks beh9d ! ,virg94 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,otto ,h4 ,kahn ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,angels --,b5$etto ,bonfigli ,! picture is temp]a on wood 7#ca #ba in*es74 ,bonfigli is reg>d$ z ! f\nd] ( ! ,s*ool ( ,p]ugia :i* became s fam\s ?r\gh ,p]ug9o1 :o p]petuates ! "n ( ! t[n4 ,little is kn[n ( ,b5$etto ,bonfigli1 :o 0 born ab\t #adbe1 9 ,p]ugia1 & 0 buri$ !re 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,dom5ico 9 #adif4 ,bonfigli %[s 9 8 "w ! influ5ces ( ,pi]o della ,francesca1 ,fra ,angelico1 ,camillo ,boccatis1 & ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli4 ,bonfigli 0 9 ,rome 9 #adec work+ = ,pope ,ni*olas ,v1 & 9 ! foll[+ ye> he 0 back 9 ,p]ugia pa9t+ a s]ies ( frescoes = ! ,capella dei ,priori 9 ! ,palazzo del ,consiglio depict+ ,/4 ,l\is ( ,t\l\se & ,/4 ,ercolano1 :i* 7 unf9i%$ at ! "t ( 8 dea?4 ,bonfigli pa9t$ processional bann]s & small pictures z well z frescoes4 ,_m ( ,bonfigli's works are n[ 9 ! ,gall]y at ,p]ugia4 8,z an arti/ ,bonfigli sc>cely ranks z high z ,niccol da ,foligno1 8 fell[-pupil "u ,b5ozzo ,gozzoli4 ,he 0 a mu* m dep5d5t p]son1 b be+ m imitative1 ) ! models ( ,fra ,angelico or ,b5ozzo be=e him1 he at times pa9t$ exquisite ?+s & by nature he 0 gift$ ) t s5se ( ! *>m+ :]e) ,p]ugia 0 lat] to take ! _w captive4 ,"s ( ! fre%e/ & lovelie/ ( all angel faces may be se5 9 ,bonfigli's alt>-pieces & /&>ds4 ,8 color has almo/ always t t9t ( gold :i* nev] fades f ,umbrian art40#aa ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,p]ug9o 7#addf-aebc74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,9 r$ robe & blue mantle ! ,virg9 appe>s seat$ ?ree qu>t]s to ! left & support+ ! ,holy ,*ild on h] left knee ) bo? h&s4 ,h] head is slightly incl9$ & ! hair1 p>t$ above h] =ehead1 is bru%$ pla9ly d[n ei!r side & loop$ up r curi\sly at ! back & ti$ !re by a n>r[ veil4 ,! ,holy ,*ild looks away t[>ds ! left4 ,beh9d ! figures is se5 "o ( ^? delightful ,umbrian l&scapes made s fam\s by ,p]ug9o & ,raphael4 ,?is picture1 an oil pa9t+ on panel 7#bg #ai in*es71 has an int]e/+ p$igree4 ,f ! family ( ! ,m>quis ( ,villafranca x came into possession ( ! ,m>quis de la ,romana f ! ,palace ( ,anglona1 ,madrid1 & !n belong$ to ! ,collection ( ! ,m>quis de ,villamajor1 ,madrid4 ,! wife ( ! latt] says3 8,?is pa9t+ ( ! ,madonna & ,*ild by ,p]ug9o has be5 = _m g5]ations 9 my husb&'s family4 ,x comes f ! family ( ! ,m>quises de ,villafranca :o liv$ 9 ,italy 9 ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury & ( :i* sev]al memb]s 7 ,vic]oys ( ,naples 7,alv>ez de ,tol$o74 ,! ,m>quis ( ,romana1 hav+ acquir$ ! ,palace ( ! ,pr9ce d',anglona 9 ,madrid1 assembl$ all ! pictures & works ( art inh]it$ f 8 ance/ors :i* 7 9 ! ,palaces ( ,val5cia1 ,palma de ,mallorque1 & 9 ,italy1 ?us =m+ a f9e & important ,collection 9 :i* 7 pa9t+s by ,goya1 ,cam]on1 ,rib]a1 ,velasquez1 & _m pa9t+s ( ! ,italian1 ,flemi%1 & ,fr5* ,s*ools4 ,on ! dea? ( ! ,m>quis de la ,romana1 8 son1 ! ,m>quis de ,villamajor1 receiv$ a "p ( ?is ,collection 7:i* 0 divid$ betwe5 him & 8 bro!rs71 & ?is ,p]ug9o comes f ! ,m>quis de ,villamajor's h]itage40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild --,p]ug9o ,p]ug9o 0 born at ,citt della ,pieve1 ne> ,p]ugia1 ab\t #addf1 & di$ 7probably ( ! ,plague71 at ,ca/ello di ,fontignano1 also ne> ,p]ugia1 9 #aebc4 ,8 real "n 0 ,pietro ,vannucci & he 0 also call$ ,pi] della ,pieve2 b he is kn[n always & ev]y:]e z ,p]ug9o f ,p]ugia1 :]e he sp5t 8 e>ly life & le>n$ 8 art4 ,x is unc]ta9 "u :om he /udi$ be=e he w5t to ,flor5ce1 b he c]ta9ly assi/$ ,pi]o della ,francesca at ,arezzo4 ,at ,flor5ce1 he work$ 9 ,v]roc*io's /udio1 hav+ ,leon>do da ,v9ci & ,lor5zo di ,cr$i = fell[-/ud5ts4 ,!n 9 #adge he 0 commission$ to pa9t 9 ! ,palazzo ,pubblico1 ,p]ugia4 ,9 #adha-adhb he 0 work+ 9 ,rome 9 ! ,si/9e ,*apel ) ,botticelli1 ,ghirl&aio1 ,cosimo ,rosselli1 & ,signorelli4 ,( 8 f\r frescoes "h only "o rema9s1 ,deliv]y ( ! ,keys to ,/4 ,pet]2 ! o!r ?ree 7 de/roy$ to make room = ,mi*elangelo's ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,p]ug9o also pa9t$ 9 ! ,vatican & rema9$ ab\t t5 ye>s 9 ,rome4 ,!n he return$ to ,flor5ce & _h a /udio !re & also 9 ,p]ugia4 ,besides1 he travell$ ab\t a great deal to execute commissions 9 v>i\s cities4 ,9 #adij1 = in/ance1 he 0 9 ,rome aga9 pa9t+ = ,c>d9al della ,rov]e an alt>-piece n[ 9 ! ,villa ,albani2 9 #adid he 0 9 ,v5ice & ,cremona2 & 9 #adif 9 ,pavia1 work+ = 8,il ,moro10 ,duke ( ,milan4 ,! ?ree pr9cipal pictures ( ! beautiful alt>-piece t ,p]ug9o pa9t$ = ! ,c]tosa1 or ,c>?usian ,conv5t ne> ,pavia--,! ,virg9 ador+ ! ,infant ,*ri/2 ,tobias & ! ,angel ,raphael2 & ! ,ar*angel ,mi*ael--are n[ 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 ,9 #adie ,p]ug9o 0 aga9 work+ 9 ,p]ugia2 & x 0 !n t ,raphael1 a boy ( ab\t twelve1 became 8 pupil4 ,at ?is "t ,p]ug9o 0 ! mo/ celebrat$ ( all ! ,umbrian pa9t]s4 ,8 be/ "w 0 accompli%$ betwe5 #adij & #aeje4 ,to ?is p]iod belongs ,! ,m>riage ( ! ,virg91 n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ,ca51 ,norm&y1 a picture t ,raphael v closely foll[$1 b eclips$ 9 beauty1 9 8 ,sposalizio1 n[ 9 ! ,br]a1 ,milan4 ,ab\t #aeij ,p]ug9o pa9t$ 8 fam\s frescoes 9 ! ,sala di ,cambio1 ,p]ugia1 9 :i* he introduc$ 8 own portrait2 & 9 #aeje he pa9t$ ,! ,triumph ( ,*a/ity = ! ,m>*ese ,isabella ( ,mantua1 :i* is n[ 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,aft] ano!r visit to ,rome he work$ pr9cipally 9 *ur*es 9 ! neighborhood ( ,p]ugia1 ! la/ ( :i* is suppos$ to be ,! ,nativity1 pa9t$ = ! ,*ur* ( ,fontignano 7:]e he di$71 & :i* is n[ 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 ,p]ug9o 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ ( ! ,italians :o ma/]$ ! use ( oil1 !n a new m$ium4 ,9 8 con/ant mov+ ar\nd & visit+ s _m important cities1 ,p]ug9o _h e opportunity ( see+ :at ! o!r arti/s ( 8 day 7 do+4 ,h[ev]1 al?\gh he work$ ) ! late/ mat]ials1 ,p]ug9o rema9$ fai?ful to ! /yle ( art kn[n z ! ,quattroc5to1 :i* be=e 8 dea? 0 be+ rapidly sup]s$$ by ! ,c9quec5to1 ( :i* ,leon>do da ,v9ci & ,mi*elangelo 7 ! *ief expon5ts4 ,l ,pi]o della ,francesca he also advanc$ ! sci5ce ( p]spective4 ,= a "t ,p]ug9o adopt$ ! ,flor5t9e /yle1 especially ) reg>d to composition2 b ev5tually he develop$ 8 own mann] ( grace1 s(tness1 delicacy1 t5d]ness ( color1 great expression 9 faces & figures1 & 8 unusually *>m+ l&scapes4 ,b]5son speaks p>ticul>ly ( ,p]ug9o's 8space composition30#ab & 9 ?is art 8,p]ug9o surpass$ all :o ev] came be=e him1 & inde$ all :o came aft] him1 except+1 h[ev]1 8 own pupil1 ,raphael1 by :om ev5 he 0 left f> beh9d4 ,p]ug9o _h a feel+ = beauty 9 wom51 *>m 9 "y m51 & dignity 9 ! old1 seldom surpass$ be=e or s9ce4 ,!n !re is a well-ord]$ seeml9ess1 a sanctu>y alo(ness 9 all 8 p :i* makes !m ?+s ap>t1 unt\*$1 & pure4 ,great res]ve also does mu* = him4 ,viol5t action he d\btless avoid$ because he felt himself unequal to ! task--inde$1 s little did he ev] ma/] movem5t t 8 figures :5 walk+ dance on tiptoe & on _! feet !y nev] /&2 b he z c>efully kept away f unseemly expression ( emotion4 ,h[ refre%+ly quiet are 8 ,crucifixions & ,entombm5ts6 ,! /ill air is s\ndless & ! p wail no m2 a sigh inaudible1 a look ( ye>n+1 & t is all4 ,h[ soo?+ mu/ su* pa9t+s h be5 aft] ! d9 & turmoil & slaught] ( ,p]ugia1 ! bloodie/ t[n 9 ,italy6 ,c x be wond]$ t m51 wom51 & *ildr5 ran to see !m8 ,nor yet is life s free f sordid c>es & mean+less broils t we c =ego su* balm = ! s\l z ,p]ug9o br+s40 ,,! ,,niccol9i ,,madonna4 ,raphael 7#adhc-aebj74 ,collection ( ,sir ,joseph ,duve51 ,b>t4 ,?is picture came directly f ! ,niccol9i ,palace :]e x 0 pur*as$ 9 #aghj by ,george ,nassau1 ?ird ,e>l ,c[p]1 :o 0 at t "t ,8 ,maje/y's ,ambassador to ! ,c\rt ( ,tuscany2 & x 0 s priz$ t 9 ord] to get ! picture out ( ,flor5ce )\t any di/urbance x _h to be hidd5 9 ! l9+ ( ! ,ambassador's c>riage4 ,ano!r "n = ! picture is ,! ,c[p] ,madonna ( #aejh4 ,! picture n[ comes f ! ,collection ( ,lady ,desbor\gh1 ( ,pan%ang]1 ,h]t=d%ire1 :o inh]it$ x f h] bro!r1 ,francis ,?omas1 sev5? ,e>l ,c[p]4 ,! pa9t+1 an oil on panel 7#cj #bb in*es71 repres5ts ! ,madonna seat$ 9 ! op5 air 9 a d>k1 rose-r$ robe ) long close-fitt+ und]sleeves ( yell[-gre51 ultram>9e-blue mantle1 & diaphan\s veil4 ,ar\nd ! neck ( ! dress & ! hem ( ! mantle :at appe>s to be a decorative b& ( gold5 embroid]y is really ! signature ( ! pa9t] 8,m7,d or ,,cccc7,,viii4 ,r4 ,u4 ,p910 mean+ #aejh ,raphael ( ,urb9o ,p9xit4 ,&1 by ! way1 is x n possible t ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds got ! idea f ?is picture ( pa9t+ 8 "n on ! robe ( ,mrs4 ,siddons z ! ,tragic ,muse8 ,x w be rememb]$ t ,mrs4 ,siddons sat = t magnific5t portrait 9 #aghd4 ,! ,niccol9i ,madonna 0 b\ght by ,e>l ,c[p] 9 #aghj &1 und\bt$ly1 ,sir ,jo%ua 0 v famili> ) x4 ,moreov]1 at ?is date1 ,raphael's ma/]piece 0 also v fre% 9 ! m9d ( ! ,engli% picture-_w4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,sir ,joseph ,duve51 ,b>t4 ,,! ,,niccol9i ,,madonna --,raphael ,! ,holy ,*ild is seat$ on a :ite cu%ion 9 ! ,virg9's lap g5tly support$ by h] h&1 :i* also lightly holds an end ( h] float+ veil4 ,! sugge/ion ( a light breeze rippl+ ! veil is an exquisite ?\ght4 ,! nimbi ( bo? ,"m & ,*ild are v delicate4 ,! backgr\nd consi/s ( a blue sky4 ,x is v int]e/+ to comp>e ?is picture ) ! o!r ,c[p] ,madonna & on do+ s we f9d t ! same model 0 us$ = ! ,*ild1 al?\gh ! wom5 are diff]5t4 ,! h& ( ! ,small ,c[p] ,madonna is noticeably m ref9$ ?an ! h& 9 ! ,niccol9i ,madonna1 yet1 on ! :ole1 ! model us$ = ! ,niccol9i ,madonna seems to be ( a slightly high] social /atus4 ,9 ! latt]1 we f9d ! pluck$ eyebr[s & =ehead :i* ,raphael's ta/e has s(t5$ by ! hair1 lightly bl[n ab\t1 l ! veil1 by ! breeze4 ,! ,niccol9i ,madonna 0 "o ( ! la/ pictures pa9t$ by ,raphael 9 ,flor5ce1 z he w5t to ,rome 9 #aejh1 ! date giv5 on ?is pa9t+4 ,x may be not$ "h t ! ,madonna del ,gr&uca 7:i* belong$ to ! ,gr& ,duke ,f]d9& ,,iii1 :o c>ri$ x ) him :]ev] he w5t71 0 ! fir/ picture ,raphael pa9t$ 9 ,flor5ce4 ,! ,madonna del ,c>dell9o 7( ! ,goldf9*71 9 ! ,uffizi1 & ,la ,belle ,j>d9ire 79 ! ,l\vre71 also date f ! ,flor5t9e p]iod--pa9t$ :5 ,raphael 0 ab\t tw5ty-five1--:i* seems almo/ incr$ible4 ,,! ,,small ,,c[p] ,,madonna4 ,raphael 7#adhc-aebj74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,joseph ,e4 ,wid5]4 ,?is ,madonna 0 pa9t$ 9 #aeje1 soon aft] ! ,gr&uca ,madonna 7n[ 9 ! ,pitti74 ,x 0 pur*as$ 9 ,flor5ce ab\t #aghj by ,"l ,c[p] & 0 "o ( ! ornam5ts ( 8 ,collection at ,pan%ang]4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,joseph ,e4 ,wid5] ,,! ,,small ,,c[p] ,,madonna --,raphael ,! ,madonna is seat$ on a /one b5* & we>s a r$ dress & a mantle ( blue l9$ ) gre54 ,! ,holy ,*ild ?r[s ,8 arms lov+ly ar\nd ,8 "m's neck & /eadies ,himself by plant+ ,8 left foot aga9/ h] "r h&4 ,! hair ( bo? "m & ,*ild are blonde & encircl$ by a ?9 gold5 nimbus4 ,! eyes are1 9 bo? subjects1 ( a w>m & deep br[n4 ,a lovely ,umbrian l&scape c>ries u _m miles away to ! left2 & ne>] ! figures on ! "r1 !re appe>s a build+1 id5tifi$ z ,san ,b]n>d9o1 a ,franciscan ,conv5t ne> ,urb9o4 ,! picture is pa9t$ on wood 7#bc #ag in*es74 ,! orig9al draw+ is 9 ! ,uffizi ,gall]y 9 ,flor5ce4 8,& n[ we are face to face ) ! mo/ fam\s & belov$ "n 9 mod]n art--,raphael ,sanzio4 ,raphael 0 end[$ ) a visual imag9ation1 :i* has nev] ev5 be5 rivall$ = range1 sweep1 & sanity4 ,:5 x has be5 surpass$1 x has be5 at s+le po9ts & by arti/s ( m conc5trat$ g5ius4 ,?us gift$ & com+ at a "t :5 =m _h1 = its own sake1 be5 recov]$ by ! ,naturali/s & ! ess5tial arti/s1 :5 ! visual imag]y1 ( at lea/ ! ,italian _w1 _h already suff]$ along c]ta9 l9es1 ! trans=mation f ! ,m$ival into :at ev] s9ce has be5 = all ( u ! mod]n1 :5 ! ideals ( ! ,r5aissance 7 = an ineffable in/ant /&+ complete1 ,raphael1 filt]+ & r5d]+ lucid & pure all t _h pass$ ?r\gh him to make him :at he 01 set himself ! task ( d[]+ ! mod]n _w ) ! images t to ?is day1 despite ! turbul5t rebellion & morose secession ( rec5t ye>s1 embody = ! great numb] ( cultivat$ m5 _! spiritual ideals & _! spiritual aspirations4 #8,belle comme une madonne de ,raphael' is1 among ! mo/ arti/ic p 9 ,europe1 /ill ! highe/ praise t c be giv5 to female beauty4 ,&1 9 soo?1 :]e %all "o f9d great] purity1 m utt] lovel9ess ?an 9 ! ,gr&uca ,madonna1 or a sublim] app>ition ( woman ?an appe>$ to ,/4 ,sixtus8 8,:5 look+ at ! ,gr&uca ,madonna1 has x ev] occurr$ to y to note t ! :ole ( h] figure 0 n !re8 ,s p]fect is ! arrangem5t t ! att5tion is entirely absorb$ by ! gr\p+ ( ! heads1 ! balance ( ! ,virg9's drap$ arm & ! ,*ild's body4 ,y are n all[$ to ask y\rself h[ ! figure ends4 ,& obs]ve h[ x holds its own1 easily pois$1 9 ! panel :i* is j l>ge en\gh to conta9 x )\t cr[d+1 )\t sugge/+ room = aught besides4 8,b great z is ! pleasure 9 a s+le gr\p p]fectly fill+ a m]e panel1 x is f> great] :5 a gr\p dom9ates a l&scape4 ,raphael tri$ sev]al times to obta9 ?is effect--z 9 ! ,madonna del ,c>dell9o1 or ! ,madonna del ,prato1 b he atta9$ to supreme success once only--9 ! ,belle ,j>d9ire4 ,"h y h ! full negation ( ! ple9-air treatm5t ( ! figure4 ,! ,madonna is "u a dom$ sky1 & %e fills x completely1 z subtly z 9 ! ,gr&uca panel1 b "h x is ! :ole out-(-doors1 ! univ]se1 & a human be+ sup]em95t ov] x4 ,:at a scale is sugge/$6 ,surely ! spiritual relation betwe5 man & 8 environm5t is "h giv5 9 ! only way man--unless he becomes b>b>iz$ by decay or non-humaniz$ by sci5ce--w ev] feel x4 ,& n :at man kn[s b :at man feels1 conc]ns art4 ,all else is sci5ce40 ,raphael ,santi--ev]ybody's ,raphael1--be/ belov$ ( all pa9t]s1 0 born 9 ,urb9o 9 #adhc1 ! day unkn[n4 ,he 0 ! son ( ,giovanni ,santi1 a pa9t]1 & 0 fir/ taught by him4 ,!n x is suppos$ t he /udi$ "u ,evangeli/a di ,pian di ,meleto1 ) :om he pa9t$ an alt>-piece & work$ aft]w>ds ) ,evangeli/a's p>tn]1 ,timoteo ,viti4 ,next we f9d him assi/+ ,p]ug9o at ,p]ugia & also ,p9toric*io4 ,9 #aejd he w5t to ,flor5ce & fell "u ! influ5ce ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci & ,fra ,b>tolommeo4 ,dur+ 8 f\r ye>s 9 ,flor5ce1 ,raphael pa9t$ a numb] ( important works includ+ ! ,t]ranuova ,madonna 7,b]l9 ,museum72 ! ,small ,c[p] ,madonna & ! ,niccol9i ,madonna 7on page #hg & page #he72 ! ,madonna del ,c>dell9o 7,uffizi72 ! ,madonna 9 ! ,mead[ 7,belv$]e1 ,vi5na72 ,la ,belle ,j>d9ire 7,l\vre72 & a numb] ( portraits includ+ ! fam\s self-portrait 7,uffizi74 ,he 0 b tw5ty-five6 ,call$ to ,rome 9 #aejh to decorate ! ,/anze 9 ! ,vatican ?is imm5se "w occupi$ him until #aead4 ,9 ! meantime1 he 0 giv5 ! decoration ( ! ,loggia1 b :ile he made ! designs1 ! actual pa9t+ ( 8,raphael's ,bible0 0 done by 8 pupils4 ,9 ! pressure ( all ?is /up5d\s "w he f\nd "t to pa9t ,! ,triumph ( ,galatea = ,ago/9o ,*igi 9 ! ,f>nes9a ,palace1 ,! ,madonna della ,seggiola 7,pitti71 ! ,portrait ( ,tommaso ,+hirami & _m portraits4 ,9 #aeaf he pa9t$ ,baldass>e ,ca/iglione 7,l\vre72 9 #aeag ! ,madonna di ,san ,si/o1 = ! conv5t ( ,san ,si/o at ,piac5za 7,dresd5 ,gall]y7 & ! ,/4 ,cecilia 7,bologna ,gall]y74 ,9 #aeah he began ,! ,transfiguration1 :i* 0 unf9i%$ at ! "t ( 8 dea? & :i* 0 plac$ beside 8 bi]4 ,all ?is magnific5t "w :i* expresses su* high creative p[] & su* va/ te*nical k is ! p]=mance ( a "y man ( tw5ty-sev56 ,_h he pa9t$ b ?ree pictures1 ,la ,belle ,j>d9ire1 ! ,madonna ( ! ,*air1 & ! ,si/9e ,madonna1 ,raphael's place w\ld h be5 ) ! greate/ ( ! immortals4 ,tak+ 8 entire li/ ( works into consid]ation ,raphael1 p]haps1 comes ne>] ?an any o!r pa9t] to ! t]m 8inspir$40 ,,agony ,,9 ,,! ,,g>d54 ,raphael 7#adhc-aebj74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,?is panel 7#i #aa in*es71 0 "o ( f\r belong+ to ! ,pr$ella ( ! l>ge alt>-piece repres5t+ ! ,madonna ,en?ron$ ) ,sa9ts1 pa9t$ by ,raphael 9 #aeje = ! ,nuns ( ,s4 ,antonio1 ,p]ugia4 ,x is1 !re=e1 "o ( ,raphael's e>ly works4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay ,,agony ,,9 ,,! ,,g>d5 --,raphael ,! ,savi\r 9 a grey robe kneels 9 pray] at ! "r ne> a tree & t[>ds him an ,angel hold+ a *alice desc5ds f ! cl\ds4 ,! o!r *>act]s are sleep+3 ,/4 ,john ! ,evangeli/ 9 a gre5 & r$ robe lies ^u a grassy bank at ! left2 ,/4 ,pet] recl9es aga9/ a grassy m\nd at ! "r2 & ,/4 ,james1 9 a gre5 & yell[ robe1 has propp$ himself aga9/ ! tree 9 ! c5tre4 ,trees & l[-ly+ hills =m ! backgr\nd4 ,all f\r panels =m+ ! ,pr$ella 7 pur*as$ f ! ,nuns ( ,/4 ,an?ony 9 #affc by ,*ri/9a1 ,que5 ( ,sw$54 ,?is p>ticul> panel--,! ,agony 9 ! ,g>d5--pass$ f ! ,que5 ( ,sw$5's possession into t ( ,c>d9al ,azzol9i1 & !nce into ! ,collection ( ,don ,livio ,odescal*i1 ^: heirs sold x to ! ,reg5t1 ! ,duc d',orleans4 ,! ,orleans ,collection 0 sold 9 ,london 9 #agih & ,! ,agony 9 ! ,g>d5 !n w5t into ! ,bryant ,collection4 ,"l ,eld9 b\ght x next & subsequ5tly ! poet1 ,samuel ,rog]s1 at ^: sale 9 #ahef ! panel 0 pur*as$ by ! ,b>oness ,burdett-,c\tts4 ,aft] ! sale ( ! ,w4 ,burdett-,c\tts ,collection at ,*ri/ie's 9 #aiag1 ! panel f\nd its way to ,new ,york4 ,! o!r ?ree panels are3 ,/4 ,an?ony ( ,padua & ,/4 ,francis 7n[ 9 ! ,dulwi* ,gall]y72 ! ,procession to ,calv>y 79 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london72 & a ,piet 79 ! ,g>dn] ,collection1 ,bo/on74 ,! alt>-piece--,! ,madonna ,en?ron$ ) ,sa9ts--0 pres5t$ to ! ,metropolitan ,museum by ! late ,mr4 ,j4 ,pi]pont ,morgan4 ,,nor? ,,italian ,! greate/ pa9t]s ( ,nor!rn ,italy 7 ,alti*i]o ,alti*i]i 7#accj8-acie71 ,pisanello 7#acig-adee71 ,dom5ico ,morone 7#addb-aejc71 ,lib]ale 7#adea-aecf71 ,girolamo dai ,libri 7#adgd-aejc71 & ,paolo ,v]onese 7#aebh-aehh71 9 ,v]ona2 ,&rea ,mantegna 7#adca-aejf71 9 ,padua2 & ,cosimo ,tura 7#adbj8-adie71 9 ,f]r>a2 ,v9c5zo ,foppa 7#adbg8-aeae-af71 ,bramante da ,milano 7di$ ab\t #adgj71 ,b>tolommeo ,su>di1 call$ ,bramant9o 7#adej8-aecf71 & ,b]n>d9o ,lu9i 7#adge8-aeca-b71 9 ,milan2 ,lor5zo ,co/a 7#adfj8-aece71 & ,francesco ,francia 7#adej8-aeag71 9 ,bologna2 ,moretto da ,brescia 7#adih-aeed71 & ,giambatti/a ,moroni 7#aebj-e-aegh71 9 ,brescia2 & ,antonio ,allegri1 bett] kn[n z ,correggio 7#adid-aecd71 9 ,p>ma4 ,! t[ns ( ,nor!rn ,italy 7 m or less influ5c$ by ,flor5t9e arti/s :o work$ 9 v>i\s t[ns & :o naturally attract$ pupils & local assi/ants4 ,pa9t]s travell$ too1 a great deal1 wi%+1 z !y d n[1 to see ! fam\s works ( pa9t]s bo? liv+ & dead & ( le>n+ ! newe/ & late/ te*nique4 ,lords & dukes also attract$ celebrat$ pa9t]s to _! c\rts2 &1 if !y lik$ !m1 be/[$ lavi% ord]s = portraits1 = _! relatives & fri5ds2 small devotional pictures = _! own cab9ets2 wall-pa9t+s = _! villas2 & alt>-pieces & frescoes = _! local *ur*es or ca!drals4 ,lodovico ,s=za1 ,duke ( ,milan1 s5t to ,lor5zo de' ,m$ici on two or ?ree occasions to recomm5d pa9t]s f ,flor5ce = "w t he wi%$ to h done4 ,! great intellectual & arti/ic activity ( ,lomb>dy at ! end ( ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury 0 l>gely ow+ to ,lodovico ,s=za1 ^: ,c\rt 0 "o ( ! mo/ brilliant ( ! day4 8,"h10 an en?usia/ic contempor>y exclaim$1 8"h ! muses ( poetry & ! ma/]s ( sculpture reign$ supreme2 "h came ! mo/ di/+ui%$ pa9t]s f di/ant regions2 "h1 night & day1 7 he>d s\nds ( su* sweet s++ & su* delici\s h>monies ( music t !y seem$ to desc5d f heav5 itself40 ,new *ur*es & palaces arose 9 ,milan1 ,pavia1 ,como1 ,cremona1 ,piac5za1 ,lugano1 & o!r places1 & arti/s 7 necess>y = decorat+ !m4 ,9 #adif1 ,leon>do hav+ all he c\ld d1 ,lodovico wrote to ,flor5ce = a description ( ! be/ pa9t]s ( ! day4 ,?is is :at he receiv$2 & x is v int]e/+ z %[+ ! e/imation ( ! m5 m5tion$ :ile !y 7 liv+3 8,s&ro de ,botticello--a mo/ excell5t ma/]1 bo? 9 panel & wall-pa9t+4 ,8 figures h a manly air & are admirable 9 conception & proportion4 8,filipp9o di ,frati ,filippo--an excell5t disciple ( ! above-nam$ & a son ( ! r>e/ ma/] ( our times4 ,8 heads h a g5tl] & m suave air2 b1 we are incl9$ to ?9k1 less art4 8,il ,p]ug9o--a r>e & s+ul> arti/1 mo/ excell5t 9 wall-pa9t+4 ,8 faces h an air ( ! mo/ angelic sweetness4 8,dom5ico de ,girl&aio--a good ma/] 9 panels & a bett] "o 9 wall-pa9t+4 ,8 figures are good & he is an indu/ri\s & active ma/] :o produces mu* "w4 8,all ( ^! ma/]s h giv5 pro( ( _! excell5ce 9 ! ,*apel ( ,pope ,sixtus1 except+ ,filipp9o1 & also 9 ! ,sp$aletto ( ! ,magnific5t ,laur5tio1 & _! m]it is almo/ equal4#ac ,! glimpse ,leon>do da ,v9ci has giv5 u ( 8 life *>ms u across ! long %ad[ ( f\r c5turies & m3 8,! pa9t] describes himself z liv+ 9 a f9e h\se1 full ( beautiful pa9t+s & *oice objects surr\nd$ by musicians & poets4 ,"h he sits at 8 "w1 h&l+ a bru% full ( lovely color1 nev] s happy z :5 he c pa9t li/5+ to ! s\nd ( sweet melodies4 ,! spaci\s atli] is full ( s*ol>s & appr5tices employ$ 9 c>ry+ out _! ma/]'s ideas1 or mak+ *emical exp]im5ts1 b c>eless ( ! noise ( tools & hamm]s1 ! fair-hair$ boy1 ,angelo1 s+s 8 gold5 song1 &1 ,s]af9o1 ! wondr\s improvisatore1 *ants 8 own v]ses to ! s\nd ( ! lyre4 ,visitors come & g freely--,mess] ,jacopo ( ,f]r>a1 ! ar*itect1 :o 0 s de> to ,leon>do z a bro!r1 ! c\rtly poet1 ,gasp>e ,visconti1 & ,v9c5zo ,calmeta1 ,du*ess ,beatrice's secret>y1 or1 x may be1 ! great ,mess] ,galeaz himself1 ^: big j5net & ,sicilian horse ! ma/] has be5 draw+ z models = ! great eque/rian /atue /&+ outside 9 ! ,corte ,vec*ia4 ,!re1 among !m all1 ! pa9t] b5ds ov] 8 canvas seek+ to p]fect ! glazes & scrumbles ( 8 pe>ly t9ts1 or try+ to realize "s dream ( a face t haunts 8 fancy ) its exquisite smile4 ,he has1 x is true1 _m labors--7a tanta facc5da67 z he wrote to ! c\ncillors ( ,piac5za--& at times he h>dly kn[s :i* way to turn2 b he is 8 own ma/]1 free to "w z he w1 n[ at "o1 n[ at ano!r4 ,he has no c>es nor anxiety4 ,he c dress z he pleases1 we> ri* app>el if he is s m9d$1 or don ! pla9 clo!s & sob] hues t he pref]s4 ,he has gold en\gh & to sp>e2 he c help a poor] fri5d & educate a ne$y appr5tice1 or save 8 money = a ra9y day2 &1 above all1 he has pl5ty ( books & leisure to m$itate on philosophical treatises1 or pond] ov] ! sci5tific problems 9 :i* 8 s\l delights4 ,he c f9d "t to jot d[n 8 ?\ghts on _m ?+s1 to write 8 great treatise on pa9t+1 & to draw ! wond]ful int]lac$ patt]ns inscrib$ ) ! /range words :i* h puzzl$ s _m g5]ations ( comm5tators4 ,& he has fri5ds1 too1 de> to 8 he>t--,mess] ,jacopo & ! wise ,lor5zo da ,pavia1 t ma/] ( organs ^: h&s 7 z deft 9 fa%ion+ lyres & viols z 9 draw+ out sweet s\nds--) :om he lov$ to commune ( musical in/rum5ts & et]nal h>monies1 & ! boy1 ,&rea ,salai1 ) ! beautiful1 curl+ hair1 :om he lov$ to dress up 9 gre5 velvet mantles & %oes ) rose-color$ ribbons & silv] buckles4 #8,su*1' he tells u #80 ,i1 ,leon>do ! ,flor5t9e1 at ! ,c\rt ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s ,pr9ce1 ,signor ,lodovic4'0#ad ,9 su* surr\nd+s ,leon>do da ,v9ci sp5t sixte5 happy ye>s1 dur+ :i* he ex]cis$ all 8 tal5ts z ar*itect1 eng9e]1 sculptor1 musician1 & pa9t]1 also design+ +5i\s sett+s = masques & t\rnam5ts & sup]9t5d+ decorations = w$d+s & = o!r fe/ivities4 ,"h1 too1 he pa9t$ ! ,la/ ,supp] 9 ! refectory ( ! ,dom9ican ,fri>s ( ,s4 ,m>ia delle ,grazie1 :i* 8,il ,moro0 _h tak5 "u 8 special protection2 ! ,virg9 ( ! ,rocks 7n[ 9 ! ,l\vre71 orig9ally = ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,francesco ( ,milan1 & _m portraits1 includ+ ^? ( ,ludovico ,s=za & ( 8 tal5t$ "y wife1 ,beatrice d',e/e4 ,:5 ! ,fr5* ent]$ ,milan 9 #adii ,leon>do return$ to ,italy4 ,! pres5ce ( ! supreme & sup]lative ,leon>do 9 ,milan = s long a "t naturally /imulat$ art & arti/s ( all k9ds & ev5 m p>ticul>ly t ( pa9t+ & pa9t]s4 ,8 /yle dom9at$ ! ,milanese ,s*ool ( pa9t]s j z ,ri*>d ,wagn] dom9at$ ! musical compos]s ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury2 & we f9d1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! case ( ,lu9i1 "s ( ! ,ma/]'s mo/ engag+ qualities appreciat$ & imitat$ 7see page #aaj74 8,x has (t5 be5 ask$10 ,m>cel ,reymond notes 9 a f9ely ?\ght-out criticism ( ! ,milanese pa9t]s1 8h[ x came to pass t ,leon>do left no disciples 9 ,flor5ce :5 he creat$ su* a /rong ,s*ool 9 ,milan4 ,! fir/ cause1 9 my op9ion1 %\ld be s\ght = 9 ! laws t presid$ ov] ! =mation & developm5t ( ! ,flor5t9e ,s*ool ( pa9t+4 ,?is ,s*ool1 creat$ by fresco-pa9t]s accu/om$ to works ( va/ dim5sions1 did n c>e to t>ry ov] ! f9esse ( execution1 or ! enum]ation ( m9ute details2 x simplifi$ its vision1 atta*+ itself p>ticul>ly to ! broad l9es & only reta9+ ( ! =ms :at 0 ess5tially expressive 9 !m4 ,?is "* w be notic$ at all p]iods ( ,flor5t9e pa9t+ f ,giotto1 ,masaccio1 ,ghirl&aio1 & ,&rea del ,s>to4 ,:5 ! ,flor5t9e pa9t]s dep>t f ?is g5]al conception1 x is only by accid5t & almo/ always 9 consequ5ce ( =eign action1 an action t w be sometimes t ( ,flemi% pa9t]s1 su* z ,van d] ,weyd51 or ,van d] ,goes1 & sometimes t ( ! ,flor5t9e sculptors1 :o1 at a giv5 mom5t1 ab\t ! middle ( ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury1 ex]cis$ s p[]ful an influ5ce ^u ! pa9t]s :o 7 _! contempor>ies4 ,! action ( ,v]roc*io 9 p>ticul> 0 su* z to trans=m ! /yle ( ! ,flor5t9e ,s*ool ( ,pa9t+ & to give bir? to ! s entirely individual1 & 9 c]ta9 respects s little ,flor5t9e1 ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci4 8,b ! fact t ?is new /yle 0 outside ! traditions ( ! ,flor5t9e ,s*ool ( ,pa9t+ mu/ h h9d]$ its developm5t1 & 9 reality ,leon>do _h no disciple 9 ,flor5ce4 ,) ,fra ,b>tolommeo & ,&rea del ,s>to1 x is ! old "* ( ! ,s*ool t reappe>s to foll[ out its natural evolution ?r\gh ! :ole c\rse ( ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury4 8,9 ! ,nor? ( ,italy1 on ! contr>y1 ! precision ( l9e & obs]vation ( detail =m a pr$om9ant "* ( ^? ,s*ools ( :i* ,mantegna is ! mo/ illu/ri\s repres5tative4 ,^! ,s*ools1 !re=e1 f\nd 9 ,leon>do a tea*+ t respond$ to _! anci5t traditions2 & we may ?us und]/& h[ ! se$ plant$ by ,leon>do 9 ! soil ( ,milan /ruck su* deep root & produc$ su* beautiful fl[]s !re4 8,b h[ev] ?is may be & :atev] may h be5 ! causes ( ?is admirable blossom+ ( ,milanese ,art 9 ! e>ly ye>s ( ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury1 we may say t x repres5ts 9 a highly le>n$ =m "o ( ! rese>*es t h ! mo/ occupi$ ,italian g5ius1--,i mean ! seek+ aft] beauty pursu$ 9 ! h>moni\s accord betwe5 =m & poetry40 ,francesco ,squ>cione 7#acid-adgd71 0 a native ( ,padua1 ! son ( a not>y4 ,beg9n+ life z a tailor & embroid]]1 he *ose to become a pa9t]1 b fir/ he decid$ to travel4 ,he made a t\r ?r\gh ,italy &1 x is said1 visit$ ,greece4 ,x is 9 #adda t 8 "n fir/ appe>s 9 ! ,paduan ,guild ( ,pa9t]s4 ,squ>cione a*iev$ m reputation z a tea*] ?an z a pa9t]2 & x seems t 9 execut+ :at commissions came to him he ei!r gave ov] 8 ord]s to 8 tal5t$ pupils1 or _h !m1 inde$1 d mo/ ( ! "w "u 8 "n4 ,x is n[ ?\ght t x 0 ,mantegna's refusal to cont9ue pa9t+ = ,squ>cione t l$ to ! rupture betwe5 ma/] & pupil & n ,squ>cione's ang] at ,mantegna's m>ry+ ,nicolosia ,bell9i1 :i* has long be5 a favorite leg5d4 ,squ>cione's s*ool1 h[ev]1 0 ! mo/ fam\s ( its "t & br\ght him ! title ( 8,fa!r ( ,pa9t]s40 ,! li/ ( 8 pupils runs to ab\t a hundr$ & ?irty-sev54 ,"o ( ! features ( ,squ>cione's work%op 0 8 f9e collection ( fragm5ts ( /atues :i* he us$ z models4 ,x is also said on good au?ority t ,squ>cione 0 a deal] 9 antiquities4 ,9 ,padua also liv$ ,jacopo ,bell9i1 ) :om ,mantegna work$ & ^: daught] ,nicolosia he m>ri$1 a relation t made him1 ( c\rse1 bro!r-9-law to ,giovanni & ,g5tile ,bell9i4 ,= a numb] ( ye>s--presumably f #addd to #adfj--;,jacopo ,bell9i _h a work%op 9 ,mantua &1 "h1 himself a pupil ( ,g5tile da ,fabriano1 he tra9$ & work$ ) 8 two gift$ sons & also ,&rea ,mantegna4 ,?is bottega became q a rival ( ,squ>cione's4 ,inde$ su* a comb9ation z ! ?ree ,bell9i arti/s & ,&rea ,mantegna w\ld c]ta9ly (f] a =midable competition to any rival1 at any "t1 or 9 any place4 ,! f\nd] ( ! ,f]r>ese ,s*ool 0 ,cosimo ,tura 7#adbj8-adie71 also a pupil ( ,squ>cione1 ! fir/ ,f]r>ese pa9t] ( em95ce2 &1 f #adea1 9 p]man5t s]vice ( ! ,dukes at ,f]r>a4 ,tura _h c]ta9 aff9ities = ,c>lo ,crivelli1 ,melozzo da ,=li1 & ,&rea ,mantegna4 ,at ,bologna1 9 #adhe1 ,lor5zo ,co/a 7#adfj8-aece71 a suppos$ pupil ( ,tura1 e/abli%$ himself1 ?us =m+ "o ( ! ma9 l9ks betwe5 ! ,s*ools ( ,f]r>a & ,bologna2 & x 0 ano!r pupil--also a fell[-work] ( ,co/a1 ,francesco ,francia 7#adej8-aeag71 :o is ! *ief glory ( ! ,bolognese ,s*ool 7see page #ajg74 ,9 ,v]ona1 fir/ comes ! ,m$ival pa9t]1 ,alti*i]o ,alti*i]i & next ! great] ,antonio 7or ,vittore7 ,pisano 7#acig-adee71 call$ ,pisanello1 work] 9 m$als1 pa9t] ( portraits1 & mural decorator 7see page #ii74 ,! ,s*ool ( ,brescia is repres5t$ by ,aless&ro ,bonvic9o1 call$ ,moretto da ,brescia 7#adih-aeed71 influ5c$ by ,titian & ,raphael & consid]$ ! greate/ prov9cial pa9t] 9 ,nor!rn ,italy ( 8 "t4 ,moretto is also fam\s = hav+ =m$ ,moroni1 ! great portrait-pa9t] 7#aebj-e-aegh74 ,moretto & ,moroni are reg>d$ z rank+ among ! greate/ portrait-pa9t]s ( ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury4 ,9 mode & te*nique !y closely foll[ ! greate/ ,v5etian ,ma/]s2 b ! ,brecians h a m silv]y & a mu* 8cool]0 tone ?an ,titian & ,t9toretto 7see page #aab74 ,we h n[ come to ! ,high ,r5aissance1 :]e ,antonio ,allegri1 call$ ,il ,correggio1 f 8 bir?place1 a small t[n ne> ,mod5a 7#adid-aecd71 is ! dom9at+ p]sonality ( ! ,s*ool ( ,p>ma4 ,francesco ,bian*i 7#adeg-aeaj71 ( ,f]r>a1 is 8 traditional ma/]2 b he 0 influ5c$ by ,lor5zo ,co/a1 ,francesco ,francia1 & ,&rea ,mantegna4 ,correggio has be5 call$ 8an isolat$ ph5om5on 9 ,italian art--we look 9 va91 aft] 8 e>lie/ ye>s ( practice = any true aff9ity betwe5 him & o!r ma/]s4 ,9 8 treatm5t ( light & %ades & ( atmosph]e he contribut$ some?+ new to ,italian art40 ,z ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury progress$ ! ,nor? ,italians fell m & m "u ! spell ( ! ,v5etians4 ,dosso ,dossi 7#adgi-aeda71 = in/ance1 a pa9t] ( ,f]r>a & a pupil ( ,lor5zo ,co/a1 w5t to ,v5ice & 0 *>m$ by ,giorgione & ,titian be=e he became c\rt-pa9t] ( ,alphonso ,i1 ,duke ( ,f]r>a1 & 8 wife1 ,lucrezia ,borgia4 ,nor!rn ,italy also claims ,paolo ,cali>i1 bett] kn[n z ,paolo ,v]onese 7#aebh-aehh71 a native ( ,v]ona1 :5ce 8 "n2 b class$ ) ! ,v5etian ,s*ool1 z he sp5t ! great] "p ( 8 life 9 ,v5ice1 gorge\sly decorat+ its palaces1 *ur*es1 & mona/]ies4 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,lady4 ,pisanello 7#acig-adee74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,?is is a p>ticul>ly r>e picture z x is "o ( only ?ree portraits ( ?is pa9t] s f> kn[n1 ! o!r two be+ a female portrait 9 ! ,l\vre & a male portrait 9 ,b]gamo4 ,b]5son says ( ?is portrait3 8,x is 9 ! mo/ mature & ! mo/ sumptu\s mann] ( ?is greate/ ma/] ( ! fasc9at+ epo* betwe5 ,go?ic & ,r5aissance4 ,x has all ! direct simplicity ( t happy mom5t :5 art _h recov]$ f ! mann]isms ( ! late ,go?ic /yle & 0 /ill f> f ! modi%ness ( ! ripe ,r5aissance4 ,h[ fasc9at+ are its qualities ( pure decoration60 ,! lady is dress$ 9 d>k-blue velvet ) a curi\s coll> ( :ite lawn & grey fur ) ano!r coll> at its base ( spangl$ embroid]y & ar\nd ! wai/ a n>r[ girdle to mat*4 ,! dress is pr(usely decorat$ ) gold filigree beads4 ,gold p9s are plac$ 9 h] blonde hair1 ov] :i* is a head-dress ( curi\sly puff$ & twi/$ mat]ial decorat$ by blue & gold sequ9s4 ,! backgr\nd is black4 ,?is portrait1 pa9t$ 9 temp]a on a panel 7#bj #ad71 0 pur*as$ by ,m4 ,veil-,pic>d ( ,p>is at ! ,vill]oy ,sale 9 ,p>is 9 #aibb4 ,adolfo ,v5turi writes 9 ,l',arte 7,april1 #aibe73 8,! ,mackay portrait cut (f bel[ ! wai/1 rises 9 ! canvas ) ,go?ic grace4 ,picturesqu5ess is ! keynote4 ,! relief1 ev5 9 its slighte/ p>ts1 has an ideal s(tness ( planes4 ,b 9 ?is picture ,pisanello's g5ius has atta9$ its maximum ( expression4 ,ev]y?+ %[s an advance on ! ,l\vre picture--! eye sunk deep 9 its socket2 ! eyebr[ l ! valve ( a %ell mold$ ov] ! r\nd1 :ile 9 ! ,l\vre picture x is a m]e silk5 /rip2 ! e>1 no long] a m]e piece ( c>tilage1 is d[ny velvet2 above all1 ! sup]b decorative effect ( ! oval face betwe5 ! /range volutes ( ! turban & ! *a9s ( p]=at$ gold beads4 8,9 ! o!r portraits ! decorative effect is help$ by ! fanta/ic blossoms /&+ out aga9/ ! d>k backgr\nd ( ! h$ge1 mak+ a great] contra/ ) ! backgr\nd ?an ) ! face4 ,9 ! ,mackay portrait ! backgr\nd is equally d>k ?r\gh\t4 ,! int]e/ ( ! face itself is acc5tuat$ by ! myriad gold lights 9 ! gild$ trefoils on ! dress & 9 ! gold5 beads ( ! *a9s 7light z balls ( silk7 & 9 ! nebul\s phosphoresc5ce ( ! little balls :i* adorn ! neck ( ! dress & ! d>k enamel ( ! ivy on ! turban ( ,ori5tal spl5dor4 ,! effect1 c>efully prep>$ to isolate ! face f ! surr\nd+ %ad[1 acquires an int5sity ( ref9em5t4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! d>k backgr\nd & ! phosphoresc5t dress is repeat$ 9 t betwe5 ! d>k blue mat]ial ( ! dress & 9 ! high lights ( ?is2 ! icy brilliance ( ! coll> cuts into ! s(tness ( ! fur ) unexpect$ sudd5ness2 & ! ivory ( ! fle% contra/s %>ply ) ! delicate s(tness ( tone4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,lady --,pisanello 8,! highe/ pictorial & decorative value 9 ! art ( ,pisanello z a colori/ is rea*$ 9 ?is ,mackay portrait1 :i* repres5ts1 moreov]1 "o ( ! mo/ acute "*-read+s ( ! p5etrat+ eye ( ! m$alli/4 ,! pr\d c>riage acc5tuat$ by ! rigid cut ( ! high velvet coll>2 ! cle>-cut outl9es ( ! pr(ile2 ! ram's horn head-dress2 ! spl5did cap2 ! well-def9$ lips1 f :i* "o expects to he> ! sibilant brea? issue2 above all1 ! ke5 glance direct$ d[nw>ds "u ! heavy-veil$ eyelids r5d] ?is a picture ( frigid haught9ess4 ,! f9e l9es ( ! m\? & ! n>r[ op5+ ( ! eyes are execut$ ) an extraord9>y p5etrat+ obs]vation & ! cont\r ( ! face is drawn ) a delicacy t does all honor to ?is great ma/] ( ! silh\ette4 8,! l9es ( ! face are 9 complete h>mony ) ! cont\rs ( ! :ole figure4 ,! curves repeat !mselves 9 ! fanta/ic coiffure1 9 ! fur bord] ( ! coll>1 9 ! l9es ( ! arm & 9 ! *a9s hang+ f ! %\ld]s4 ,&1 contr>ily1 ^! g5]al sweep+ curves ( coiffure & co/ume lead up to ! f9ely conc5trat$ l9e ( ! pr(ile :i* /&s out %>ply aga9/ a black backgr\nd1 z 9 ,pisanello's pa9t+ ( ,sa9t ,eu/ace1 9 ,london 7,national ,gall]y74 ,! arti/ has und]/ood p]fectly ! value ( contra/ betwe5 ! pla/ic & ! decorative elem5ts4 ,! flat planes ( ! delicate ivory-l face are emphasiz$ by ! sculpturesque coiffure ) its gold ornam5ts2 & j :]e we w\ld naturally look = an acc5tuation ( ! physical attributes--on ! bu/ & arms--! arti/ has1 ?r\gh ! broad curves ( ! *a9s & ! spac+ ( ! patt]ns ( ! dress1 emphasiz$ ! decorative design4 ,f9ally1 ! color ( ?is mo/ decorative ma/]piece is ( ! greate/ *>m4 ,!re are t9y l9es recall+ ! delicate te*nique ( a piece ( ,satsuma-w>e on ! surface ( ! ivory-t9t$ face t rises f a :ite coll> re/+ on grey fur :ile a delightful blue pr$om9ates 9 ! coiffure & ! co/ume1 :i* is enhanc$ ) yell[ & gold ornam5ts4 8,! dress itself is ( no little *>m & belongs to a p]iod :5 co/ume & figure 7 attun$ to a h>moni\s :ole z has seldom happ5$ 9 ! hi/ory ( co/ume design4 ,by pluck+ out ! hair f h] =ehead & eyebr[s ?is "y woman has creat$ a high-dom$ br[ = h]self & fur!r emphasiz$ ! up-sweep+ l9es by high-ar*$ eyebr[s appli$ ) cosmetic4 ,:at a burd5 t t[]+ coiffure mu/ h be5 & h[ uncom=table ! high coll> & ! girdle drawn tight b5ea? ! brea/6 ,nev]!less %e suff]s ^! discom=ts 9 ! "n ( fa%ion ) dignity & equanimity40 ,pisanello 7^: real "n 0 ,antonio ,pisano71 born ab\t #acig 7"s au?orities say #achj & "s #ache71 0 a r5[n$ pa9t] ( portraits & religi\s pictures ( highly decorative "* z well z a fam\s m$alli/4 ,pisanello 0 a foll[] ( ,alti*i]o & 0 also greatly influ5c$ by ,g5tile da ,fabriano4 ,( 8 e>ly life little or no?+ is kn[n2 b ! re/ ( 8 days he sp5t w&]+ ?r\gh\t ,italy1 n[ 9 ,mantua1 n[ 9 ,v]ona1 n[ 9 ,v5ice1 n[ 9 ,rome1 n[ 9 ,naples1 & n[ 9 ,f]r>a1 cutt+ m$als & pa9t+ portraits ( di/+ui%$ p]sonages4 ,9 #adci he 0 9 ,mantua z an intimate fri5d ( ! ,m>*ese ,francesco ,gonzaga1 :om he foll[$ at ! capture ( ,v]ona4 ,!re=e he _h to come "u ! ,tribunal ( ! ,c\ncil ( ,t5 at ,v5ice 9 #addb4 ,pisanello's c>e] co9cides almo/ precisely 9 date ) ,fra ,angelico1 ,donatello1 ,ghib]ti1 & ,brunelles*i4 ,z a m$alli/ ,pisanello 0 unexcell$4 ,9 8 pa9t+s he %[s ! _s ( a m9iaturi/ r ?an t ( a mural decorator4 ,he %>es ) ,g5tile da ,fabriano ! *>m+ quality ( *ivalric grace & att5tion to int]e/+ detail4 ,pisanello mu/ h be5 especially fond ( animals1 z 8 r>ely beautiful draw+s ( !m pres]v$ 9 v>i\s gall]ies w\ld seem to prove2 &1 moreov]1 he 0 fond ( introduc+ !m into 8 pictures4 ,9 ! ,vision ( ,sa9t ,eu/ace1 = in/ance 7,national ,gall]y1 ,london71 9 addition to ! /ag be>+ ! cross ^u 8 horns1 !re are v>i\s animals & birds z well z ! f9e horse ) its gay trapp+s1 on :i* ! h&some ,eu/ace is m\nt$4 8,alti*i]o _h sc>cely ceas$ cov]+ wall-spaces ) pomp & circum/ance ( ,m$ival life10 writes ,b]5son1 8:5 ! task 0 tak5 up by 8 bett]-kn[n ,r5aissance foll[]1 ,vittorio ,pisanello4 ,! l>g] "p ( ?is arti/'s "w1 9 fact all 8 decoration ( great h\ses & public palaces1 has p]i%$4 ,ev5 n[1 aft] e>ne/ ef=ts to ga!r toge!r ! /rewn limbs ( 8 art1 only six pa9t+s ( 8 c be discov]$3 two frescoes1 two sacr$ subjects1 & two portraits4 ,8 r5[n z a pa9t] has1 !re=e1 be5 eclips$ by 8 fame z a m$alli/4 ,&1 9 tru?1 nev]1 s9ce ! days :5 ,greek craftsm5 modell$ co9s = pr\d city /ates1 has !re be5 su* a m\ld] ( subtle reliefs 9 m9iature4 ,yet ,pisanello himself nev] sign$ 8 "n )\t ! addition ( ! ^w ,pictor & x 0 z a pa9t] t he receiv$ ! /ip5ds ( pr9ces & ! adulation ( poets4 8,al?\gh he 0 mu* m mod]n ?an 8 ma/]1 !re 0 no?+ 9 8 pa9t+s to />tle pr9ces & poets1 or ev5 less di/+ui%$ p]sons1 ^: education 9 art consi/$ !n1 no d\bt1 z x does n[1 9 confirm+ a fondness = ! k9d ( picture to :i* _! eyes _h gr[n accu/om$ dur+ *ildhood & y\?4 ,pisanello1 al?\gh c\nt+ z "o ( ! great g5iuses ( ! ,r5aissance1 by no means broke ) ! pa/4 ,he w5t1 x is true1 z f> beyond ,alti*i]o z ,alti*i]o _h gone f 8 imm$iate precursors1 b he betrays no ess5tial diff]5ce ( int5tion or _s4 ,9 him art-evolution produc$ a pa9t] mo/ happily fitt$ to hold up an idealiz+ mirror to a p>allel product ( social evolution1 ! sunset ( ,*ivalry4 ,no wond] t he 0 employ$ along ) ! k9dr$ ,g5tile da ,fabriano by ! ri* & noble & t he 0 *os5 to cont9ue ! c\rtly ,umbrian's tasks40 ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,%eph]ds4 ,&rea ,mantegna 7#adca-aejf74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,x is m ?an likely ?is is ! picture describ$ 9 #aehf z 8,presepe0 7mang]7 9 ! ,e/e ,palace1 ,f]r>a4 ,at all ev5ts x is an e>ly "w4 ,! ,virg9 surr\nd$ by *]ubs is kneel+ 9 adoration be=e ! ,holy ,*ild1 :o is asleep on ! bottom ( h] g[n4 ,ne> h] ,/4 ,joseph is seat$1 fa/ asleep4 ,on ! "r two ,%eph]ds are approa*+ &1 beh9d !m1 a ,man & a ,woman are cross+ a bridge4 ,high up on ! rocks1 on ! "r1 two ,angels are wat*+ ov] ! sc5e4 ,beh9d ! simple wood5 build+1 :i* %elt]s ! gr\p1 /ret*es a l&scape4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,%eph]ds --,&rea ,mantegna ,! panel transf]r$ to canvas 7#ae #ba in*es71 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,collection ( ,mr4 ,c4 ,a4 ,r\se-,b\ghton-,knight ( ,d[nton ,ca/le1 ,ludl[1 ,h]e=d%ire1 ,engl&4 ,&rea ,mantegna 0 born 9 ,vic5za 9 #adca4 ,he 0 inscrib$ 9 ! ,guild at ,padua z pupil & adopt$ son ( ,squ>cione 7see page #ig7 9 #adda & made ! mo/ extraord9>y progress 9 8 /udies1 p]fectly fasc9at$ ) 8! antique04 8,at a little m ?an t5 ye>s ( age10 ,b]5son writes1 8,mantegna 0 adopt$ by a contractor nam$ ,squ>cione4 ,h[ mu* ( a pa9t] ,squ>cione 01 we d n "k1 b we d "k t he und]took design+ & pa9t+ to be execut$ by p 9 8 employ4 ,he 0 also a deal] 9 antiquities & 8 %op 0 frequ5t$ by ! di/+ui%$ p :o pass$ ?r\gh ,padua1 & by ! ,humani/s tea*+ 9 ! fam\s ,univ]sity4 ,x happ5$ to be a mom5t :5 9 ,italy ,antiquity 0 a religion1 nay1 m1 a my/ical passion1 caus+ wise m5 to brood ov] fragm5ts ( ,roman /atu>y z if !y 7 sacr$ relics1 & to ye>n = ec/atic union ) ! glorifi$ pa/4 ,to complete ! spell1 ?is glorifi$ pa/ happ5$ to be ! pa/ ( _! own c\ntry40 ,ano!r influ5ce 0 ,donatello1 :o 0 work+ 9 ,padua 9 #agej & aft]2 & /ill ano!r 0 ,jacopo ,bell9i4 ,aft] 8 m>riage to ,bell9i's daught] & 8 break ) ,squ>cione1 ,mantegna w5t to ,v5ice to h 8 contract ) ,squ>cione cancell$ 9 ! ,law ,c\rts2 &1 return+ to ,padua1 he cont9u$ 8 "w on important frescoes4 ,9 #adfj ,mantegna remov$ to ! ,c\rt ( ,mantua at ! invitation ( ! ,m>*ese ,lodovico ,gonzaga & 9 addition to 8 pa9t+ he design$ = pageants & fe/ivals1 & decorat$ villas & palaces1 j z ,leon>do da ,v9ci 0 de/9$ to d a few ye>s lat] = ano!r ,lodovico1--8,il ,moro10 ,reg5t &1 lat]1 ,duke ( ,milan4 ,mantegna also at ?is p]iod design$ = goldsmi?s4 ,:5 ,francesco ,gonzaga succe$$ 8 fa!r1 ,mantegna rema9$ at ! ,c\rt ( ,mantua & became ! supreme arbit] ( ! ta/e ( ! day4 ,= ,francesco's wife1 ,isabella d',e/e 7si/] ( 8,il ,moro's0 wife1 ,beatrice d',e/e7 & = h] "m1 ! ,du*ess ( ,f]r>a1 ,mantegna pa9t$ "s ( 8 mo/ fam\s pictures1 su* z ! ,triumph ( ,cs> 7n[ at ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace7 & ! ,madonna & ,*ild ) ,s++ ,*]ubs 7n[ 9 ! ,br]a74 ,on leav+ = ,rome 9 #aghh ,mantegna 0 knight$4 ,9 ,rome he decorat$ ! ,belv$]e ,*apel = ,pope ,innoc5t ,,viii4 ,to 8 la/ p]iod belong delicate & lovely my?ological pieces1 includ+ ! ,p>nassus 7n[ 9 ! ,l\vre7 & ! /rong & decorative pa9t+ ( ,judi? ) ! ,head ( ,hol(]nes 7n[ 9 ! ,wid5] ,collection74 ,:5 ,mantegna di$ 9 #aejf1 ,lor5zo da ,pavia 7see page #ie7 wrote to ,isabella d',e/e3 8,! dea? ( our ,ma/] ,&rea causes me great sorr[1 = 9 him a second ,apelles has pass$ away2 ,i d believe t ! ,"l ,god wi%es to employ him = ! creation ( "s beautiful "w4 ,i c nev] hope to meet a f9] draughtsman nor a m orig9al arti/40 ,padua1 ,mantua1 ,v5ice1--all felt ,mantegna's influ5ce4 ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,! ,,infant ,,/4 ,,john ,,& ,,angel4 ,francia 7#adej8-aeag74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,?is picture came f ! ,collection ( ! ,comtesse ,edmond de ,p\rtales ( ,p>is & %[s ! ,virg9 seat$ & hold+ ! nude ,infant ,jesus on h] "r knee4 ,%e is we>+ a crimson dress edg$ ) gold embroid]y & a blue mantle1 also edg$ ) gold embroid]y1 :i* is drawn ov] h] head4 ,b5ea? ?is a :ite gauze veil cov]s h] hair4 ,! ,holy ,*ild has rais$ ,8 "r h& 9 b5$iction :ile 9 ,8 left he holds a blue ball4 ,! ,angel on ! "r we>s a rose-color$ tunic & yell[ mantle & is adorn$ ) jewels4 ,by 8 side & ) "o foot on a balu/rade /&s ! ,infant ,/4 ,john1 dress$ 9 blue & c>ry+ a sl5d] cross ov] 8 left %\ld]4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,! ,,infant ,,/4 ,,john ,,& ,,angel --,francia ,( ?is panel 7#bc #ai in*es71 pa9t$ 9 oil1 ,b]5son says3 8,if ?is mo/ fam\s ( ! ,bolognese arti/s ev] pa9t$ a m delightful picture ?an ! pres5t "o1 x rema9s unkn[n to me4 ,p]haps its only rival 9 my affections w\ld be ! ,muni* picture ( ! ,virg9 9 ! ,rose ,g>d5 :]e1 h[ev]1 x is n ! faces b ! pale roses aga9/ ! flat gre5 t give ! "w its special *>m40 ,francesco ,raibol9i1 :o took ! "n ,francia f a ma/]-goldsmi? to :om he 0 appr5tic$1 0 born 9 ,bologna 9 #adej1 ! son ( a c>p5t]4 ,he sp5t 8 e>ly ye>s work+ 9 metals & sett+s = jewels & became v exp]t 9 niello1 gold & silv] enamels1 & designs = jewelry4 ,he also acquir$ a reputation = 8 co9s & m$als1 s mu* s inde$ t ,giovanni ,b5tivoglio ,,ii1 :o became 8 patron1 appo9t$ him 8 ma/] ( ! m9t4 ,moreov]1 9 #aeaa ,francia 0 elect$ "o ( ! ,golfaloni]i ( ! p2 9 #aeab re-elect$ to ! ma/]%ip ( ! ,goldsmi?'s ,guild2 & 9 #aead he became 8,ma/] ( ! ,f\r ,arts40 ,x is ?\ght t he began to pa9t ab\t #adhc1 :5 ,lor5zo ,co/a came to ,bologna & =m$ a fri5d%ip ) ,francia4 ,be ?is z x may1 he work$ ) ,co/a on an alt>-piece = ! ,*ur* ( ! ,mis]icordia & ! influ5ce ( ,co/a is app>5t 9 mu* ( 8 "w4 ,francia also pa9t$ ) ,co/a 9 #aeje-aejg ! s]ies ( frescoes 9 ! ,*apel ( ,/4 ,cecilia & ! ,madonna del ,t]remoto 9 ! ,palazzo ,communale1 ,bologna4 ,francia pa9t$ ,madonnas all 8 life2 & 9 addition to ^! religi\s pictures1 he pa9t$ a numb] ( spl5did portraits4 ,he di$ 9 ,bologna 9 #aeag4 ,"o ( 8 pupils 0 ,timoteo ,viti1 :o 9 turn 0 ,raphael's e>ly tea*] & imp>t$ to him "s ( ,francia's quality1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! ,madonna & ! full r\nd$ cont\rs ( ! figures4 ,ab\t #aejj ,francia began to develop 8 own p]sonal /yle4 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,lady4 ,b]n>d9o ,lu9i 7#adge8-aeca-b74 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,! fir/ ?+ we notice 9 ?is picture is a v peculi> head-dress--l>ge & r\nd & fleecy4 ,! figure is half-l5g?1 life-size1 & faces u s t we ga9 a v good idea ( ! unkn[n lady1 s boldly set =? f ! backgr\nd ( a gre5 curta94 ,%e we>s a d>k-grey dress1 a :ite embroid]$ *emisette & a jewell$ cross hang+ f a gold *a9 :i* %e is f+]+ lightly4 ,9 h] "r h& is a pet m>t54 ,! h&s1 x %\ld be not$1 are beautifully drawn4 ,?is1 an oil pa9t+ on panel 7#bi #ba71 came f ! ,b5son ,collection1 hav+ be5 previ\sly 9 ! ,collection ( ,mr4 ,f4 ,r4 ,leyl&4 ,b]n>d9o ,lu9i 0 born at ,lu9i1 ne> ! ,lago ,maggiore ab\t #adge1 & di$ 9 ,milan 9 #aeca or #aecb4 ,lu9i work$ *iefly 9 ! vic9ity ( ,milan & pa9t$ a great _m frescoes4 ,he is said to h be5 a pupil ( ,borgognone2 b :e!r t be true or n1 mo/ c]ta9ly ,leon>do da ,v9ci 0 8 real ma/]4 ,x 0 assur$ly f ! pa9t] ( ! ,mona ,lisa t ,lu9i le>n$ h[ to pa9t a *>m+ woman ) ref9$ features break+ into a radiant & en*ant+ smile4 ,lu9i pa9t$ _m notable religi\s pictures1 includ+ admirable ,madonnas1 b 8 lovelie/ "w is ! portrait ( a ,milanese lady kn[n z ,! ,columb9e1 9 ,! ,h]mitage ,gall]y1 gaz+ at ! fl[] %e is hold+ 9 h] h&1 f :i* ! picture takes its "n4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,lady --,lu9i 8,lu9i's female creations are s exquisite t = a long "t p suppos$ t ,leon>do alone 0 capable ( conceiv+ !m10 writes ,m>cel ,reymond1 8& p]man5tly record+ _! lovel9ess2 b n[ ?is inju/ice has come to an end & ,lu9i's art appe>s be=e u ) %>ply det]m9$ *>act]i/ics t prev5t u f conf\nd+ x ) ,leon>do's art2 fir/ ( all1 f ! po9t ( view ( te*nique1 x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,leon>do works l a ma/] born ab\t #adej & ,lu9i l "o born aft] #adgj4 ,) ,lu9i ! workman%ip is less precise ?an ) ,leon>do1 :ile ! /roke is less re/ra9$ & ! modell+ fre]40 ,,titian',s ,,s*oolma/]4 ,giambatti/a ,moroni 7#aebj-e-aegh74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,joseph ,e4 ,wid5]4 ,9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london1 !re is a /rik+ portrait ( a ,tailor--kn[n z ! ,tagliapanni--/&+ beh9d 8 bo>d1 at half-l5g?1 ) %e>s 9 8 "r h& & a piece ( clo? 9 8 left1 look+ inquir+ly at ! spectator4 ,x is =ceful1 attractive1 comm&s att5tion1 & lives 9 ! memory ( all :o h look$ ^u x4 ,moroni's ,tailor is "o ( ! great portraits ( ! _w4 ,! m]e/ glance at ! picture repres5t$ "h w\ld tell y t x is by ! same h&4 ,! means ( produc+ a /rik+ effect are ev5 simpl] ?an 9 ! ,london portrait4 ,! title is entirely fanciful1 b x accords well ) ! subject1 a pleasant1 g5ial man ) an intellectual c\nt5ance4 ,he seems to be ab\t sixty ye>s ( age & is dress$ 9 black ) :ite l95 coll> & a black cap4 ,8 be>d is grey4 ,he is sitt+ sideways 9 a *air t is (t5 describ$ to-day 7& = no reason :atev]7 z a 8,savon>ola ,*air10 re/+ 8 left arm on ! arm ( ! *air & hold+ a book 9 8 "r4 ,x w\ld appe> t he has j be5 int]rupt$ 9 8 read+--pleasantly1 too1 x w\ld seem--& is keep+ ! page he has left (f read+ ) "o f+] betwe5 ! leaves4 ,! h&s are m>vell\sly drawn & pa9t$1 z is also ! r+ on ! left h&4 ,van ,dyck admir$ ?is picture s mu* t he made a sket* ( x 9 8 ,italian sket*-book 7:i* is n[ at ,*atswor?74 ,?is portrait 9 oils on canvas 7#ch #bi in*es7 0 long 9 ! ,borghese ,gall]y at ,rome1 & !n at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury x 0 pur*as$ by ! ,m>quis ( ,/af=d4 ,f ! ,duke ( ,nor?umb]l&'s ,collection1 ,/af=d ,h\se1 x pass$ to ! pres5t own]4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,joseph ,e4 ,wid5] ,,titian',s ,,s*oolma/] --,moroni ,moroni's great fame1 ev5 9 8 own day1 0 z a portrait-pa9t]2 & x is said t :5 p f ,b]gamo & its vic9ity w5t to ,titian to h _! portraits pa9t$1 he told !m to g home & sit to _! own c\ntryman4 ,moroni 0 a pupil ( ,moretto at ,brescia1 0 influ5c$ by ,lotto & ,titian1 & he1 9 8 turn1 influ5c$ ,van ,dyck4 ,moroni 0 born at ,bondo 9 ,b]gamo betwe5 #aebj & #aebe & di$ at ,b]gamo 9 #aegh4 ,,v5etian 8,x is evid5t10 wrote ,ta9e1 8t1 :ile foll[+ a pa? ( its own1 ,v5etian ,pa9t+ develop$ z 9 ! re/ ( ,italy4 ,x issu$ "h1 z else:]e1 f missals & mosaics & 0 at fir/ 9 sympa?y ) purely ,*ri/ian emotion2 !n1 by degrees1 ! feel+ = beautiful human life introduc$ into ! alt>-frames vigor\s & heal?y bodies tak5 f contempor>y types2 & we wond] at ! placid1 expressions & religi\s physiognomies on ! bloom+ faces 9 :i* ! y\?ful blood circulates & su/a9s innate temp]am5t4 ,?is is ! conflu5ce ( two spirits & two ages3 "o1 ! ,*ri/ian1 :i* is fad+ away2 ! o!r1 ! ,pagan1 :i* is 9 ! asc5dant4 ,9 ,v5etian ,art special traits are di/+ui%$4 ,! p are m closely copi$ f life & are less trans=m$ by ,classic or my/ic s5tim5t1 n s pure z at ,p]ugia1 n s noble z at ,flor5ce3 !y are address$ m to ! s5ses ?an to ! m9d or ! he>t2 !y are m quickly recogniz$ z m5 & give great] pleasure to ! eye4 ,/rong & lively tones color _! muscles & _! faces2 liv+ fle% is s(t on _! %\ld]s & on ! ?ighs ( little *ildr52 cle> l&scapes op5 into ! di/ance to make ! deep] t9ts ( ! figure /& out2 sa9ts ga!r ar\nd ! ,virg9 9 a v>iety ( attitudes unkn[n to ! o!r ,primitive ,s*ools ) _! uni=m processions4 ,at ! height ( its f]vor & fai? ! national _s1 fond ( div]sity & joy1 all[s a smile to escape40 ,v5ice 0 sl[ 9 ab&on+ ,byzant9e tradition4 ,*anges beg9 to be app>5t 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,c5tury4 ,walt] ,pat] notes3 8,! beg9n+s ( ,v5etian ,pa9t+ l9k !mselves to ! la/1 /iff1 half-b>b>ic spl5dors ( ,byzant9e decoration & are b ! introduction into ! cru/ ( m>ble & gold on ! walls ( ! ,duomo ( ,murano1 or ( ,/4 ,m>k's1 ( a little m ( human expression4 ,& ?r\gh\t ! c\rse ( its lat] developm5t1 always subord9ate to ar*itectural effect1 ! "w ( ! ,v5etian ,s*ool nev] escap$ f ! influ5ce ( its beg9n+s4 ,unassi/$1 & !re=e1 unp]plex$ by naturalism1 religi\s my/icism1 philosophical !ories1 x _h no ,giotto1 no ,fra ,angelico1 no ,botticelli4 ,except f ! /ress ( ?\ght or s5tim5t1 :i* tax$ s sev]ely ! res\rces ( ! g5]ations ( ,flor5t9e arti/s1 ^? e>li] ,v5etian pa9t]s1 d[n to ,c>paccio & ! ,bell9i1 seem nev] = a mom5t to h be5 tempt$ ev5 to lose sight ( ! scope ( _! art 9 its /rictness1 or to =get t pa9t+ mu/ be be=e all ?+s decorative1 a ?+ = ! eye1 a space ( color on ! wall1 only m dext]\sly bl5t ?an ! m>k+ ( its preci\s /one1 or ! *ance int]*ange ( sun & %ade ^u x--?is to beg9 & end )--:atev] high] matt] ( ?\ght1 or poetry1 or religi\s rev]ie1 might play its "p !re91 betwe540 ,dur+ ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury ,v5ice began to be influ5c$ by pa9t]s f o!r cities1 p>ticul>ly by ,g5tile da ,fabriano 7see page #gd7 & ,pisanello 7see page #ii71 :o 7 s5t = to decorate ! ,doge's ,palace4 ,g5tile da ,fabriano repres5t$ all ! late/ 8mod]ni/ic0 ideas ( 8 day4 ,among ! ,v5etians :o 7 mo/ pr(\ndly influ5c$ by him 0 ,jacopo ,bell9i 7:o lat] w5t to ,padua74 ,jacopo1 9 spite ( 8 contact ) ,squ>cione & ,&rea ,mantegna 7:o m>ri$ 8 daught]71 rema9$ 8,go?ic0 9 ess5tials4 ,jacopo ,bell9i _h "o ( ! l>ge/ bottegas 9 ,v5ice2 & ?is bottega 0 cont9u$ by 8 gift$ sons1 ,giovanni & ,g5tile4 ,jacopo 0 a tal5t$ pa9t] :o _h work$ 9 ,flor5ce z well z ,padua1 b :o really belongs to ,v5ice4 ,! great rivals ( ! ,bell9i pa9t]s 7 ! ,viv>9i on ! ,isl& ( ,murano4 ,! ,viv>9i1 ! fir/ ( :om 0 ,antonio da ,murano 7active #addj-adgf or #adhd71 :o play$ a great "p 9 ! developm5t ( ! ,v5etian ,s*ool & ^: "w consi/$ ( enorm\s alt>-pieces ( _m comp>tm5ts set 9 ,go?ic framework ( v ornate "* & pr(usely adorn$ ) gold2 ,b>tolommeo ,viv>9i1 ,antonio's y\ng] bro!r 7#adca8-adii871 9 ^: "w ! influ5ce ( ! ,paduan ,s*ool ( ,squ>cione is m>k$ & also t ( ,antonello da ,mess9a2 & ,antonio's son1 ,alvise ,viv>9i 7#addg-aejd71 a pupil ( 8 fa!r & uncle1 :o 0 work+ 9 #adgd ) ,giovanni ,bell9i 9 ! ,scuola di ,san ,girolamo 9 ,v5ice & ^: portraits %[ ! influ5ce ( ,antonello da ,mess9a4 ,c>lo ,crivelli 7#adcj8-adic871 if n a ,v5etian by bir?1 :i* is mo/ probable1 is class$ z belong+ to ! ,v5etian ,s*ool4 ,crivelli 0 a fell[-pupil ( ,b>tolommeo ,viv>9i "u ,antonio da ,murano 7,viv>9i71 & ,squ>cione4 ,l ,mantegna1 ,crivelli kept to temp]a pa9t+2 ,crivelli /&s alone = 8 wond]ful decorative qualities 7see page #abe & page #abh74 ,antonello da ,mess9a 7#adcj-adgi7 0 a contempor>y ( ,crivelli & is p>ticul>ly di/+ui%$ = introduc+ into ,italy ! ,flemi% sy/em ( pa9t+ ) oils4 ,9 8 pictures ! influ5ce ( ! ,bell9i is app>5t 7see page #abd74 ,giovanni ,bell9i 7#adbh-cj-aeaf71 "o ( ! greate/ pa9t]s ( ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury1 0 tra9$ by 8 fa!r1 ,jacopo ,bell9i4 ,next he foll[$ 9 ! foot/eps ( ,squ>cione & ,&rea ,mantegna2 b he *ang$ 8 /yle1 z well z 8 te*nique1 gradually ab&on+ temp]a = ! new practice 9 oils1 :i* he 0 "o ( ! fir/ to ma/]4 ,9 "s respects ,giovanni ,bell9i 0 influ5c$ by 8 own pupil1 ,giorgione 7see page #aah74 ,g5tile ,bell9i 7#adbf-i-aejg71 0 nam$1 x is int]e/+ to note1 = ,g5tile da ,fabriano1 8 fa!r's ma/] & fri5d4 ,g5tile1 tra9$ by 8 fa!r1 ,jacopo1 0 call$ ^u to pa9t ! organ-%utt]s at ,/4 ,m>k's ) colossal figures ( ,/4 ,m>k1 ,/4 ,!odore1 ,/4 ,j]ome1 & ,/4 ,francis2 0 knight$ by ,fr$]ic ,,iii 9 #adfi2 & 0 employ$ to re/ore ! frescoes ( ,g5tile da ,fabriano 9 ! ,hall ( ! ,gr& ,c\ncil 9 ! ,doge's ,palace1 a commission :i* c>ri$ ) x ! honor ( pa9t+ ! portrait ( e new ,doge4 ,s5t = by ! ,sultan ( ,con/ant9ople1 ,mohamm$ ,,ii1 to pa9t 8 portrait1 ,g5tile sail$ = ,con/ant9ople 9 #adgi & return$ 9 #adhj ) ! title ( ,bey4 ,g5tile !n jo9$ 8 bro!r1 ,giovanni1 :o 0 work+ on ! ,fabriano frescoes4 ,! ,bell9i bro!rs also pa9t$ on canvas a s]ies ( pictures portray+ ! leg5d ( ,fr$]ic ,b>b>ossa & ,pope ,alex&] ,,iii1 :i* p]i%$ 9 ! fire ( #aegg4 ,g5tile's ,procession ( ,corpus ,*ri/i ( #adif has be5 pron\nc$ 8! mo/ important extant "w ( ! ,v5etian ,s*ool previ\s to ! adv5t ( ,titian40 ,! bottegas ( ! ,bell9i & ,viv>9i naturally produc$ a ho/ ( able pa9t]s1 among :om 7 ,m>co ,basaiti 7active #aejj-aeba72 ,lazz>o ,ba/iani 7active #addi-aeab72 ,cima da ,conegliano 7#adfj8-aeag872 & ,jacopo ,bassano 7#aeaj8-aeib74 ,vittore ,c>paccio 7#adej8-aebf871 0 a foll[] ( ,g5tile ,bell9i2 & ! /ories he told 9 pa9t1 su* z ! s]ies depict+ ! ,life ( ,sa9t ,ursula1 belong to ! great works ( ,v5ice4 ,giorgione 7#adgg-aeaj7 is ! next important "n4 ,little or no?+ is kn[n ( 8 life1 except t he 0 born ( humble p>5ts at ,ca/elfranco4 ,by #aejj 8 reputation 0 e/abli%$1 = he 0 !n pa9t+ important works4 ,among ^! 0 a picture = ! ,hall ( ,audi5ce 9 ! ,doge's ,palace & "s fresco decorations = ! ext]ior ( ! ,fondaco dei ,t$es*i1 ! bank ( ! ,g]man m]*ants 9 ,v5ice4 ,giorgione 0 a pupil & foll[] ( ! ,bell9i & _h mu* influ5ce ^u ,giovanni ,bell9i4 ,giorgione di$ ( ! ,plague 9 8 ?irty-f\r? ye>4 ,giorgione /&s alone = 8 romantic & lyrical qualities & = 8 p5etrat+ *>m4 ,he is notable1 too1 = hav+ introduc$ music into 8 pictures1 or r p]sons :o are play+ ^u in/rum5ts4 ,ap>t f 8 delightful qualities ,giorgione is ( ! greate/ importance 9 ! evolution ( pa9t+4 ,walt] ,pat] writes3 8,giorgione is ! inv5tor ( g5re1 ( ^? easily movable pictures :i* s]ve = uses1 nei!r ( devotion nor ( allegorical1 or hi/orical tea*+--little gr\ps ( real m5 & wom51 amid congru\s furniture or l&scape--morsels ( actual life1 conv]sation1 or music1 or play1 ref9$ ^u or idealiz$1 till !y come to seem l glimpses ( life f af>4 ,^? spaces ( m cunn+ly bl5t color1 ob$i5tly fill+ _! place1 hi!rto1 9 a m]e ar*itectural s*eme1 ,giorgione deta*es f ! wall2 he frames !m by ! h&s ( "s skillful c>v]1 s t p may move !m readily & take ) !m :]e !y g1 l a poem 9 manuscript1 or a musical in/rum5t1 to be us$1 at w1 z a means ( self-education1 /imulus or solace1 com+ l an animat$ pres5ce1 into "o's cab9et1 to enri* ! air z ) "s *oice aroma1 &1 l p]sons1 live ) u1 = a day or a lifetime4 ,( all art l ?is1 art :i* has play$ s l>ge a "p 9 m5's culture s9ce t "t1 ,giorgione is ! initiator40 ,titian1 or r ,tiziano ,vecello 7#adgg8-aegf71 fell[-pupil ( ,giorgione1 ( ,g5tile & ,giovanni ,bell9i & assi/ant to ,giorgione 9 decorat+ ! ,fondaco dei ,t$es*i 7:i* e/abli%$ a new era 9 ,italian pa9t+71 0 ! lead+ pa9t] ( 8 day 7see page #adj74 ,b>tolommeo ,v5eto1 ( ,v5eziano 7#adhj-aeee71 pupil ( ,giovanni ,bell9i1 became a fam\s portrait-pa9t]4 7,see page #adh47 ,t9toretto1 ! magnific5t ,v5etian1 0 nicknam$ 8,il ,furioso10 because ( 8 great te*nical p[]s t include a/oni%+ display ( =e%ort5+ & _m curi\s effects 9 light & color1 z well z 9 =m4 ,rusk9 says ,t9toretto 7or ,t9toret1 call him z y please7 made 8figures lovely 9 !mselves1 cont5t t !y %\ld des]ve n dem&1 y\r att5tion40 ,play+ ) a full or*e/ra ( color & und]/&+ h[ to produce ! mo/ lum9\s effects ( light1 ! great ,v5etian fill$ ,v5ice ) m>vell\s pictures4 ,t9toretto 0 equal to ! imm5se "w he und]took & 8 noble bru% nev] left any?+ t 0 unwor?y ( x4 ,t9toretto1 ^: real "n 0 ,jacopo ,robu/i 7#aeah-aeid71 0 appr5tic$ to ,titian & 0 influ5c$ by ,titian1 ,palma ,vec*io1 ,mi*elangelo1 & ,p>migiano 7( ! ,s*ool ( ,palma & foll[] ( ,correggio74 8,!re is "o only--! la/ & greate/ ( ! ,v5etians ( ! ,r5aissance--:o c\ld s\nd all ! notes ( trag$y & pa?os z well z notes ( joy4 ,t9toretto1 ! supreme ,v5etian1 ! greate/ expon5t ( ! ess5tial _s ( ,v5ice1 is ! son ( a wid] k+dom ?an h]s & ( a great] age ?an ! ,r5aissance4 ,unsurpass$ z a design] & colori/1 he is end[$ ?r\gh\t ) ! peculi> gifts ( ,v5ice2 b dur+ ^? ye>s ( passionate /udy1 9 :i* he 0 w9n+ "h & !re ! secrets ( 8 art1 hungry = k1 c>eless ( ga91 & b>ga9+ only = mat]ial 9 :i* to realize 8 conceptions1--dur+ ^? ye>s 9 :i* he liv$ alone 9 cont9ual m$itation on "s fre% labor1 he 0 prob+ ! deep & passionate ?+s ( humanity z no ,v5etian arti/ _h ev] prob$ !m be=e4 ,! /reets & *ur*es ( ! city seem to e*o /ill to ! /eps ( ?is g5ius at once s robu/1 s t5d]1 s pr(\nd1 & s joy\s40#ae ,paolo ,v]onese1 or r ,paolo ,cali>i 7#aebh-aehh71 a native ( ,v]ona1 :5ce 8 "n1 is "o ( ! mo/ delightful ( pa9t]s4 ,j4 ,buisson consid]s ,v]onese ( all ! pa9t]s ( ,italy 8! "o ^: "w be/ s]ves to p>ticul>ize ! art ( pa9t+0 & ?is able ,fr5* critic goes on to say t 8,v]onese pa9t$ ! ,v5etian ,beautiful z ! ,greeks sculptur$ ! ,hell5ic ,beautiful0 & t 8,paul ,v]onese is ( all ! colori/s1 )\t a s+le exception1 ! "o :o has mo/ unity4 ,he is ! mo/ e!real ( ! colori/s4 ,he is ! pa9t] ( ! air1 bo? out-(-doors & 9-doors4 ,8 values are impeccable & 8 %ad[s are at once transp>5t & full ( color1 )\t any artifice1 su* z ,rub5s's exagg]at$ reflections1 or ! excessive sacrifices1 :i* 9 ,rembr&t are almo/ equival5t to a monotone 9 ^? p>ts t are lack+ 9 light4 ,8 lights are broad & /eady al?\gh modell$ )\t any gleams1 b ( s %9+ a quality t !y are positively radiant4 ,happy arti/6 ,he _h ! eye ( ! mo/ p]fect colori/ ev] kn[n1 able to p]ceive at ! same "t ! diff]5t qualities ( light & color & _! v>iations 9 int5sity & values & he possess$ ! gift to reveal !m ) m>vell\s art to ord9>y mortals4 ,optics appli$ to 8 pictures %[ no law t he did n "k & practice4 ,moreov]1 ar\nd 8 p]fect visions ( color are gr\p$ o!r qualities1 su* z imag9ation1 ta/e1 rhy?m1 elegance1 nobility1 & magnific5ce 9 decoration4 ,8 h& is ! equal ( 8 eye4 ,! rapidity ( 8 bru% may be comp>$ only to t ( ,velasquez & to t ( ,rub5s40 ,?is great p]iod1 ,ta9e sums up z foll[s3 8,! m we consid] ! ideal figures ( ,v5etian ,art1 ! m we feel ! brea? ( an h]oic age beh9d u4 ,^? great1 toga-drap$1 old m5 ) ! bald =eheads are ! ,patrician ,k+s ( ! ,ar*ipelago1 ,moori% ,sultans1 :o1 trail+ _! silk5 sim>s1 receiv$ tribute & ord]$ executions4 ,! sup]b wom5 9 sweep+ robes1 b$iz5$ & jewell$1 are ,empress-daught]s ( ! ,republic1 l t ,cat]9a ,corn>o f :om ,v5ice receiv$ ,cyprus4 ,!re are ! muscles ( fight]s 9 ! bronz$ brea/s ( ! sailors & capta9s2 _! bodies1 r$d5$ by ! sun & ! w9d1 h da%$ aga9/ ! a?letic bodies ( ,janiz>ies2 _! turbans1 _! pelisses1 _! furs1 _! sword-hilts con/ellat$ ) preci\s /ones--all ! magnific5ce ( ,asia is m+l$ on _! bodies ) ! float+ drap]ies ( ,classic times & ! nudities ( ,pagan tradition40 ,seba/ian del ,piombo 7#adhe8-aedg71 pupil ( ,giovanni ,bell9i & ,giorgione1 pref]r$ oil to fresco & ?is l$ to a fam\s qu>rel betwe5 him & ,mi*elangelo4 ,palma ,vec*io 7#adhj-aebh71 /&+ fir/ 9 ! second rank ( ,bell9i-,giorgione foll[]s1 is ano!r important pa9t]4 ,lor5zo ,lotto 7#adhj-aeef71 pupil ( ,alvise ,viv>9i1 pa9t$ ) ,raphael 9 ! ,vatican 9 #aejh-i & naturally fell "u ,raphael's spell4 ,lotto sp5t mu* "t 9 ,b]gamo2 0 t\*$ by ,correggio's _s2 &1 aft] #aebi1 0 affect$ by ,titian4 ,p>is ,bordone 7#aejj-aega71 a gorge\s colori/1 pupil & foll[] ( ,giorgione & ,titian 7& slightly t\*$ by ,palma ,vec*io71 0 fam\s = 8 portraits1 my?ological pictures1 & = t ma/]piece entitl$ ,! ,fi%]man ,pres5t+ ! ,r+ ( ,/4 ,m>k to ! ,doge 7n[ 9 ! ,accademia at ,v5ice74 8,^! ,v5etian arti/s ( ! ,r5aissance10 says d',annunzio1 8create 9 a m$ium t is itself a joy\s my/]y--9 color1 ! ornam5t ( ! _w1 9 color :i* seems to be ! /riv+ ( ! _s to become light4 ,& ! entirely new musical und]/&+ !y h ( color acts 9 su* a way t _! creation transc5ds ! n>r[ limits ( ! symbols x repres5ts & assumes ! l(ty1 reveal+ faculty ( an inf9ite h>mony40 ,to ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury belongs ,giovanni ,batti/a ,tiepolo 7#afif-agfi71 fam\s z a design] & colori/1 influ5c$ by ,v]onese1 & a decorator ( palaces & villas 9 ,v5ice1 ,g5oa1 ,milan1 ,wrzburg1 & ,madrid1 :]e he di$4 ,tiepolo m>ri$ ,gu>di's si/] 9 #agae4 ,canaletto1 or ,giovanni ,antonio da ,canale 7#afig-agfh71 son ( ,b]n>do da ,canale1 a sc5e-pa9t]1 is fam\s = 8 views ( ,v5ice & = be+ ! tea*] ( ,gu>di4 ,francesco ,gu>di 7#agab-agic71 a native ,v5etian1 b ( ,au/rian /ock1 a foll[] ( 8 ma/] ,canaletto1 0 also celebrat$ = 8 ,v5etian views 7see page #aec74 8,v5ice h]self0 writes ,b]5son1 8_h n gr[n less beautiful 9 h] decl9e4 ,inde$1 ! build+ :i* occupies ! v c5tre ( ! picture ,v5ice leaves 9 ! m9d--! ,salute--0 n built until ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 ,?is 0 ! picture t ! ,v5etian himself lov$ to h pa9t$ = him & t ! /rang] want$ to c>ry away4 ,canale pa9t$ ,v5ice ) a feel+ = space & atmosph]e1 ) a ma/]y ov] ! delicate effects ( mi/ peculi> to ! city1 t make 8 view ( ! ,salute1 ! ,gr& ,canal1 & ! ,piazzetta /ill seem m l ,v5ice ?an all ! pictures t h be5 pa9t$ s9ce4 ,lat] 9 ! c5tury ,canale 0 foll[$ by ,gu>di1 :o execut$ small] views ) m ( an eye = ! picturesque1 & = :at may be call$ in/antane\s effects1 ?us anticipat+ bo? ! ,romantic & ! ,impressioni/ pa9t]s ( our own c5tury40 ,to ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury also belongs ,pietro ,longhi 7#agjb-aghe871 influ5c$ by ,gu>di1 b call$ 8,! ,gold9i ( pa9t]s10 because ( 8 bright com$ies ( mann]s1 some:at 9 ! g5re ( ,watteau1 ,pat]1 & ,lancret4 8,longhi pa9t$ = ! picture-lov+ ,v5etians10 says ,b]5son1 8_! own lives 9 all _! ord9>y dome/ic & fa%ionable phases4 ,9 ! hair-dress+ sc5es we he> ! gossip ( ! p]iwigg$ b>b]2 9 ! dressmak+ sc5es ! *att] ( ! maid2 9 ! danc+-s*ool1 ! pleasant music ( ! viol94 ,!re is no tragic note any:]e4 ,ev]ybody dresses1 dances1 makes b[s1 takes c(fee1 z if !re 7 no?+ else 9 ! _w t want$ do+4 ,a tone ( high c\rtesy1 ( great ref9em5t1 c\pl$ ) an all-p]vad+ *e]fulness1 di/+ui%es ,longhi's pictures f ! works ( ,hog>?1 at once s brutal & s full ( presage ( *ange40 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,antonello da ,mess9a 7#adcj-adgi74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay4 ,! ,virg91 slightly "u life-size1 /&s beh9d a /one p>apet1 ?ree-qu>t] face to left1 app>5tly 9 a rev]ie ) half-clos$ eyelids4 ,%e we>s a r$ & gold brocade g[n & a blue mantle c>ri$ up ov] h] head & fall+ 9 a /raight l9e1 b = "o small plait1 to h] left arm4 ,! ,holy ,*ild is seat$ ^u a gre5 cu%ion on ! p>apet & is wrapp$ 9 a brick-r$ %awl4 ,) ,8 left arm ar\nd ,8 "m's neck & "r h& 9 h] bosom1 ,he gazes /raight ahead4 ,! fle%-tones are pale ) cle>1 light-br[n %ad[s & ! rose-leaf lips & cyl9drical f+]s ) filb]t-%ap$ nails are to be notic$ & admir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,h4 ,mackay ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild --,antonello da ,mess9a ,?is oil pa9t+ on panel 7#bc #af in*es71 comes f ! ,b5son ,collection4 ,antonello da ,mess9a1 also kn[n z ,antonello di ,giovanni degli ,antoni1 holds a v important place 9 ! developm5t ( ,pa9t+1 because x is ow+ to him t ! ,flemi% sy/em ( pa9t+ 9 oil 0 adopt$ 9 ,italy1 al?\gh ,italian pa9t]s _h be5 previ\sly acqua9t$ ) ! process1 = !y knew ! works ( ! ,van ,eycks & ,rog] van d] ,weyd54 ,x is suppos$ t ,antonello1 :o 0 born 9 ,mess9a 9 #adcj1 visit$ ,fl&]s4 ,x is c]ta91 h[ev]1 t ,antonello 0 travell+ 9 ,italy 9 #adeg-adfj & he may h met ,rog] van d] ,weyd51 :o visit$ ,italy 9 #adej4 ,antonello da ,mess9a 0 c]ta9ly 9 ,v5ice 9 #adge-adgf4 ,he di$ 9 #adgi1 leav+ a son1 ,jacobello1 or ,jacopo degli ,antoni1 & a nephew1 ,antonello di ,saliba1 bo? ( :om 7 pa9t]s4 ,x seems t ,antonello da ,mess9a & ! ,bell9i ex*ang$ _m ideas & 7 ( great mutual b5efit4 ,x is suppos$ t ,antonello da ,mess9a enc\rag$ ,giovanni ,bell9i to try pa9t+ 9 oils4 ,/4 ,j]ome 9 8 ,/udy 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london1 %[s ! new "* t ,antonello br\ght into ! ,italian pa9t+ ( 8 day4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,c>lo ,crivelli 7#adcj8-adic874 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,erickson4 ,be=e analys+ ?is delightful picture1 let u read an appreciation ( a mo/ fasc9at+ & n too well-und]/ood pa9t] by ,cosmo ,monkh\se3 8,c>lo ,crivelli is a ,v5etian arti/ ( :om we "k little b :at c be ga!r$ f pictures4 ,he is suppos$ to h be5 born ab\t #adcj & 8 dat$ works range f #adfh to #adic4 ,he 0 a ,v5etian by bir? & f 8 mode x w\ld appe> c]ta9 t he /udi$ "u ,squ>cione at ,padua & probably also "u ,viv>9i at ,v5ice4 ,b he p]fect$ a /yle & "o m>k$ by s _m peculi>ities t despite all aff9ities :i* may be trac$ ) o!r ma/]s he /&s out cle> & di/9ct by himself4 8,9 ! fir/ place1 he is unique z a colori/4 ,he belongs1 inde$1 to ! old mosaic & illum9ation s*ool ( color1 n to ! s*ool ( #8great s*emes1' 9 :i* ! masses are bl5t into "o great h>mony4 ,! masses1 or pat*es1 ( color are isolat$ & produce a pleasant v>iegation )\t fusion4 ,8 color is ?91 also1 z ( a sup]ficial t9t+1 n affect+ ! sub/ance4 ,8 fle% is h>d & opaque1 8 fl[]s lea!ry1 8 fruit1 ?\gh f9ely drawn & beautifully color$1 ( a /ony texture1 8 drap]ies any?+ b s(t4 ,x is only 9 h>d smoo? ?+s1 l pott]y & glass1 t y get ! true consi/5cy z well z ! true color4 ,yet 8 color is exquisite ( its k9d1 brilliant & transp>5t l enamel1 & ! diff]5t t9ts 9 !mselves are lovely & v>i$4 ,su* r$s & gre5s & lilacs & salmon-p9ks & a hundr$ o!r comb9ations ( ! prim>ies are sc>cely to be mat*$ 9 ! "w ( any o!r arti/4 ,nor has anyone be5 m skillful 9 ! use ( gold 9 connection ) color4 8,!re is sc>cely any ne$ to call att5tion to ,crivelli's special gift z a design] ( decoration4 ,almo/ e squ>e in* ( 8 canvas atte/s ! inexhau/ible ri*ness ( 8 inv5tion--an inv5tion f$ no d\bt f ! ri* products ( ,ori5tal looms ( :i* ,v5ice 0 ! emporium4 8,crivelli wr\ght only = ! ,*ur* & appe>s to h sp5t mo/ ( 8 life at ,ascoli1 b nei!r re/riction ( subject & feel+1 nor prov9cial resid5ce1 c\ld fett] 8 g5ius4 ,!re is1 inde$1 no arti/ ( m /rik+ individuality ?an ,c>lo ,crivelli1 no "o :o _h m complete ma/]y ov] 8 means ( expression1 or atta9$ m ne>ly to 8 ideal4 ,?is ideal 0 n ! #8beau ideal'--t is to say1 ! p]fection ( physical beauty--x 0 an ideal ( "*1 ! embodim5t ( ! ess5tial qualities ( 8 subject4 ,"o _c help reg>d+ ,crivelli z a man ( k & intellect1 ( *>m+ mann]s1 ref9$ almo/ to fa/idi\sness1 delight+ 9 all ?+s da9ty & beautiful1 a lov] ( animals & ( 8 k9d40 ,?is picture1 an oil pa9t+ on panel 7#ch #ag in*es71 came f ! ,b5son ,collection1 hav+ be5 previ\sly 9 ! ,collection ( ,mr4 ,g4 ,h4 ,m>l& 7sold 9 #ahfc71 & 9 ! ,collection ( ,mr4 ,william ,graham 7sold 9 #ahhf74 ,! ,virg91 a small full-l5g? figure1 is seat$ on a r$ & :ite m>ble ?rone1 we>+ a pale-r$ robe & a gold brocade mantle l9$ ) gre5 c>ri$ up ov] ! head1 :i* is adorn$ ) a :ite veil4 ,! ,holy ,*ild1 /&+ on h] lap1 has on a gold dress & a :ite sa%4 ,beh9d ^! two figures !re is a hang+ ( pale-r$1 wat]$ silk & beh9d ! ?rone aga9 !re is a gold hang+ ) ! pomegranate patt]n4 ,! ,holy ,*ild turns to ! "r 9 ! act ( bless+4 ,on ! /ep ( ! ?rone1 :i* has a conspicu\s crack1 two pe>s#af are ly+2 & !y h attract$ a fly4 ,! /ep is inscrib$3 8,c>olvs ,crivellvs ,v5etvs ,p9sit1 #adgb40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,erickson ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild --,crivelli 8,! effect is ar*aic & almo/ ,byzant9e10 ,g4 ,mc,neil ,ru%=? writes 9 8 ,c>lo ,crivelli 7,london1 #aijj71 8b its m]its are v great40 8,?\gh on a comp>atively small scale ! decorative effect is sup]b4 ,! ,*ild's head is heavy & inf]ior to t ( ! ,virg91 b ! action is lively & reali/ic4 ,! great *>m1 h[ev]1 ( ! picture is ! ,virg94 ,h] features are n beautiful & ! draw+ ( ! h&s might be criticiz$4 ,b if ev] grace & dignity 7 conceiv$ & execut$ by ,crivelli1 !y are "h4 ,prem95tly does ?is ,virg9 possess all t we und]/& by di/9ction4 ,tak5 sep>ately1 ! turn ( ! head & ! action ( ! f+]s might be call$ affect$4 ,b !y d n (f5d z p>ts ( ! :ole1 s p]fectly has ! arti/ def9$ ! ideal t 0 be=e 8 m9d4 ,a curi\s feature 9 ! picture is ! treatm5t ( ! drap]y4 ,! folds ( ! brocad$ mantle are m elaborate ?an any?+ :i* ,crivelli _h yet attempt$1 & !y are express$ by cle>-cut l9es )\t any %ad[40 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,c>lo ,crivelli 7#adcj8-adic874 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,philip ,lehman4 ,?is beautiful picture belongs to ,crivelli's greate/ p]iod1 :5 ! arti/ _h rea*$ ! height ( 8 p[]s1 _h atta9$ p]fect comm& ( ! problems ( composition1 & _h ga9$ ! te*nique to repres5t ^? mat]ials he delight$ 91--su* z brocades1 m>bles1 & g>l&s ( fruit1 :i* he always comb9$ ) su* decorative beauty4 ,rog] ,fry says ( ?is picture3 8,x has1 9 a supreme degree1 ! delicacy & ! almo/ metallic incisiv5ess ( ,crivelli's cont\r z well z ! firmness & brilliance ( 8 pa9t+4 ,! ,madonna support+ ! ,*ild ^u h] "r arm1 is seat$ 9 "o ( ^? sumptu\s ,r5aissance ?rones1 :i* ,crivelli lov$ to elaborate ) e conceivable +5uity ( inv5tion4 ,?\gh ! =ms are int5d$ to be ,classic1 x is evid5t f ! proportions ( ! m\ld+s & some?+ 9 ! "* ( ! detail t ,crivelli is /ill ess5tially an old ,v5etian arti/1 "o :o uses ,classical conv5tions ) a ,go?ic exub]ance4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,philip ,lehman ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild --,crivelli 8,?is is a "w ( ,crivelli's prime4 ,inde$1 x w\ld be h>d to "n ano!r design 9 :i* he %[s q su* ma/]y z he does "h4 ,!re is h>dly ano!r "w 9 :i* ! sequ5ce ( l9es is s suave1 its fl[ s un9t]rupt$1 or 9 :i* ! movem5ts ( ! figures h>monize s p]fectly4 ,x is already almo/ a c9que-c5to "w z reg>ds ! amplitude ( its =ms & ! bread? ( its divisions4 ,"o notes1 = in/ance1 t ! fruits hang+ on ! ?rone are ev5 m enl>g$ & m mass$ ?an usual1 s t ! quantities ( relief support & c>ry out ! relief ( ! figures 9 a rem>kable mann]4 ,mu* ( ! e>li] int5sity ( feel+ has und\bt$ly gone4 ,?is has none ( ! /range1 brood+ pa?os ( ! e>ly ,madonnas1 nor has x ! %>p individual acc5t ( _! faces4 ,! works ) :i* x appe>s to be mo/ ak9 are ! ,vatican ,madonna & ! ,tripty* 9 ! ,br]a1 bo? ( #adhb40 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,/4 ,,lucy1 ,,/4 ,,ca!r9e1 ,,/4 ,,pet] ,,& ,,/4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/4 ,giovanni ,bell9i 7#adbh-cj-aeaf74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,?is is ! type ( gr\p picture kn[n z a 8,holy ,conv]sation0 & repres5ts ! ,virg9 & ,*ild ) ,sa9ts4 ,x seems to h be5 pa9t$ :5 ,bell9i 0 betwe5 sev5ty-two & sev5ty-sev5 ye>s ( age & betwe5 ! ye>s #aejj & #aeje4 ,! figures are ?ree-qu>t] l5g? & "u life-size & ! picture1 :i* is an oil pa9t+ on canvas1 measures #ch #fj in*es4 ,! ,virg9 is seat$ 9 ! c5tre ) a d>k-grey curta9 beh9d h] & a m>ble balu/rade 9 front ( h]4 ,%e we>s a rose-color$ tunic & a blue mantle l9$ ) a *angeable gre5 & yell[ silk4 ,! ,holy ,*ild leans back aga9/ h] "r arm4 ,on h] "r /&s ,/4 ,ca!r9e ) a rope ( pe>ls twi/$ 9 h] hair & ,/4 ,lucy1 on h] left1 we>+ a myrtle wrea? & hold+ a tall /&+-cup ( ,v5etian glass4 ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/1 we>+ a gre5 mantle1 /&s on ! "r1 look+ d[nw>d ) b5d$ head2 & ,/4 ,pet]1 9 orange-br[n cloak ) book & key1 /&s on ! left4 ,a v decorative effect is d]iv$ f ! palm-bran*es1 :i* curve upw>ds into ! top corn]s ( ! picture4 ,a range ( di/ant hills appe>s 9 ! backgr\nd & on ! c>tell9o on ! balu/rade is ! signature 9 script1 8,ioannes ,bell9us40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e ,,! ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,/4 ,,lucy1 ,,/4 ,,ca!r9e1 ,,/4 ,,pet] ,,& ,,/4 ,,john ,,! ,,bapti/ --,giovanni ,bell9i ,au?ority = dat+ ! picture is d]iv$ f ! fact t ! features ( ,/4 ,lucy reappe> 9 ! ,san ,zacc>ia alt>-piece1 :i* is dat$ #aeje1 & ! features ( ,/4 ,john ! ,bapti/ occur 9 ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/ 9 ,santa ,corona1 ,vic5za1 suppos$ to h be5 begun 9 #aejj4 ,! picture came f ! ,b5son ,collection1 hav+ be5 =m]ly 9 ! ,wynn ,ellis ,collection & 9 ! ,collection ( ,mr4 ,william ,graham4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,ni*olas ,f4 ,brady ,,! ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild --,giovanni ,bell9i ,! date ( ,giovanni ,bell9i's bir? is n kn[n4 ,he 0 work+ ) 8 bro!r1 ,g5tile1 9 8 fa!r's /udio 9 ,padua & 0 pa9t+ 9 ,v5ice 9 #adfd1 :]e he produc$ two pictures = ! ,scuola di ,san ,girolamo4 ,9 #adge he met ,antonello da ,mess9a1 :o came to ,v5ice1 & seems to h adopt$ !n 8 me?od ( pa9t+ 9 oil4 ,9 #adgi1 :5 ,g5tile ,bell9i w5t to ,con/ant9ople1 ,giovanni 0 appo9t$ to c>ry on 8 "w 9 ! ,doge's ,palace2 & :5 ,g5tile return$ ! two bro!rs work$ toge!r4 ,giovanni 0 ess5tially a religi\s pa9t] & 8 ,madonnas /& among ! f9e/ ev] creat$4 ,mo/ ( 8 portraits are lo/2 b "o1 ! ,doge ,lor$ano 79 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london71 ranks z "o ( ! f9e/ ( all kn[n portraits4 ,?is dates f #aeja1 pa9t$ :5 ,giovanni 0 ov] eighty6 ,giovanni di$ 9 #aeaf4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild4 ,giovanni ,bell9i 7#adbh-cj-aeaf74 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,ni*olas ,f4 ,brady4 ,! ,madonna at half-l5g? turn$ t[>ds ! left1 supports ! ,holy ,*ild ) bo? arms z ,he recl9es 9 h] lap aga9/ h] "r knee1 :i* is rais$4 ,%e is dress$ 9 a blue mantle arrang$ to =m a hood1 ) embroid]$ bord]4 ,a graceful :ite veil1 also embroid]$1 cov]s ! head & falls bel[ ! neck4 ,! ,holy ,*ild gazes upw>d into 8 "m's face & %e1 ) eyes slightly veil$ by droop+ lids1 looks t5d]ly d[nw>d t[>ds him4 ,! backgr\nd is hilly1 ) a ca/le on ! left4 ,! picture1 oil on a panel 7#bh #bc7 is sign$ 8,joannes ,bell9us40 ,?is ,bell9i ,madonna comes f ! ,collection ( ! ,gr& ,dukes ( ,old5burg1 ,old5burg ,ca/le1 ne> ,brem51 ,g]many1 & 0 also =m]ly 9 ! ,collection ( ,c\nt ,montija 9 ,madrid4 ,mu* has be5 writt5 ab\t ,bell9i's ,madonnas4 ,!y diff] greatly f ^? pa9t$ by ! ,flor5t9es2 & ! foll[+ sympa!tic note tells u :y3 8,if we turn to ! religi\s art ( ,v5ice1 we %all be /ruck by a lack ( any?+ l my/ic rapture1 or absorption 9 ! suff]+s ( ,*ri/4 ,we h b two examples 9 ,v5ice ( ,bell9i's portrayal ( ! facts ( ,*ri/'s mature life1 b he has treat$ ! !me ( ! ,madonna & ,*ild ) a unique pr(undity4 ,! my/]y ( life seems to be %ad[$ 9 ! face ( ! ,madonna2 8 sa9ts & apo/les1 s /rik+ 9 _! individuality1 s virile 9 _! piety1 h a significance beyond _! p]fect act ( wor%ip4 ,no ,v5etian religi\s pa9t] be=e ,t9toretto equall$ ,bell9i 9 solemnity & dep? ( conception2 b 9 all we f9d ! same p]vad+ calm1 ! same abs5ce ( tumult1 or ! di/urb+ elem5ts ( pa9 or agony40#ag ,is x n ! quietness ( ,bell9i's ,madonnas t give !m _! peculi> *>m8 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild4 ,giovanni ,bell9i 7#adbh-cj-aeaf74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,philip ,lehman4 ,?is picture came f ! ,collection ( ,pr9ce ,pot5ziani1 ( ,rieti1 ,italy1 & repres5ts ! ,virg9 /&+ beh9d a p>apet & support+ ! ,holy ,*ild :o is /&+ ^u x4 ,h] mantle & tunic are decorat$ ) a bord] ( embroid]y & ov] ! mantle falls h] heavy :ite veil :i* might be describ$ z a hood1 %[+ a little ( h] wavy hair4 ,! face ( ! ,virg9 is a p]fect oval1 h] eyes are set f> ap>t1 h] nose is long & aquil9e1 & h] m\? a little discont5t$4 ,h] arm & wri/ are beautifully modell$ & s is ! ?umb ( h] "r h&4 ,?is h& is noticeably wide4 ,! left h& does n seem to mat* ! "r2 x is co>s]4 ,! ,holy ,*ild is lean+ aga9/ ,8 "m's left %\ld] & look+ out ( ! picture4 ,he we>s a little tunic ov] a :ite %irt ) sleeves & a wide1 blue sa% ) a /rip$ patt]n4 ,a close-fitt+ cap is ti$ ) ribbons "u ,8 *94 ,8 "r h& is lift$ 9 bless+ & ,8 left is clasp+ ! f+]s ( ,8 "m's "r h&4 ,on ! "r ( ! p>apet a cry/al ball is ly+ & on ! left a capsicum-pod1 & beh9d ! ,madonna's head hangs a heavy swag ( capsicum4 ,! l&scape 9 ! backgr\nd is noticeably f9e4 ,on ! left1 a road w9ds ?r\gh trees to ! gates ( a city ) high ,go?ic t[]s2 on ! "r1 a riv] fl[s pa/ hills cr[n$ ) ca/les4 ,cl\ds fill ! sky4 ,! nimbi are q unusual4 ,?is is evid5tly an e>ly "w & n a little ( ,mantegna's influ5ce is app>5t 9 x4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,philip ,lehman ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild --,giovanni ,bell9i ,,! ,,fea/ ,,( ,,! ,,gods4 7,,il ,,baccanale47 ,giovanni ,bell9i 7#adbh-cj-aeaf74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,joseph ,e4 ,wid5]4 8,9 ! ye> #aead0--?is is ,vas>i's n>rative--8,duke ,alfonso ( ,f]r>a _h caus$ a little *amb] to be decorat$ & _h commission$ ,dosso1 ! pa9t] ( ,f]r>a1 to execute 9 c]ta9 comp>tm5ts /ories ( neas1 ,m>s1 & ,v5us &1 9 a grotto1 ,vulcan ) two smi?s at ! =ge2 & he desir$ t !re %\ld also be !re pictures by ! h& ( ,gian ,bell9i4 ,bell9i pa9t$ on ano!r wall a vat ( r$ w9e ) "s ,bac*anale ar\nd x & ,satyrs1 musicians & o!r m5 & wom5 all drunk ) w9e1 & ne> !m a nude & v beautiful ,sil5us rid+ on 8 ass1 ) figures ab\t him t h _! h&s full ( fruits & grapes2 :i* "w 0 9 tru? execut$ & color$ ) great dilig5ce1 inasmu* t x is "o ( ! mo/ beautiful pictures t ,gian ,bell9i ev] pa9t$1 al?\gh 9 ! mann] ( ! drap]ies !re is a c]ta9 %>pness aft] ! ,g]man mann] 7no?+1 inde$1 ( any acc\nt7 because he imitat$ a picture by ! ,flem+1#ah ,albre*t ,dr]1 :i* _h be5 br\ght 9 ^? days to ,v5ice & plac$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,s4 ,b>tolommeo1 a r>e "w & full ( mo/ beautiful figures pa9t$ 9 oils4 ,on t vat ,gian ,bell9i wrote ^! words3 #8,joannes ,bell9us ,v5etus ,p4 #aead4' ,t "w he 0 n able to f9i% completely1 because he 0 old1 & ,tiziano1 z ! mo/ excell5t ( all ! o!rs1 0 s5t = to ! end t he might f9i% x40 ,titian's "w is to be f\nd 9 ! l&scape-backgr\nd1--:i* is an exact view ( ,titian's own ,cadore4 ,?is l&scape1 ) its valley & rocky hill surm\nt$ by a ca/le ) t[]s1 ba!d 9 w>m1 lum9\s light1 0 ! f9e/ t _h ev] be5 pa9t$ up to t "t4 ,bell9i only liv$ two ye>s aft] pa9t+ ,! ,fea/ ( ! ,gods4 ,9 #aeae he pa9t$ ! s-call$ ,v5us ( ! ,belv$]e & he di$ 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 8,s easy is ! passage f ,bell9i's art to ,titian's1 t ! transition creates no contra/4 ,! tone ?r\gh\t is h>moniz$1 & ! art ( ! ,fifte5? & ,sixte5? ,c5turies meets & m+les 9 p]fect fell[%ip10 ,cr[e & ,cavalcaselle note4 ,?is picture1 an oil pa9t+ on canvas 7#fg #gd in*es7 came f ! ,collection ( ! ,duke ( ,nor?umb]l& at ,alnwick ,ca/le1 ,engl&1 hav+ be5 previ\sly 9 ! ,collection ( ,c>d9al ,pietro ,aldobr&9i & 9 t ( ,c>d9al ,ludovico ,ludovisi1 ,rome4 ,^! two villas1 ^u ^: walls ,! ,fea/ ( ! ,gods hung = s _m ye>s1 are v celebrat$4 ,! ,villa ,aldobr&9i is "o ( ! mo/ notable resid5ces ne> ,rome4 ,x is situat$ on ! slope ( a m\nta9 ov]look+ ,frascati & 0 built by ,c>d9al ,pietro ,aldobr&9i1 :o entru/$ its decoration to ! mo/ em95t arti/s ( 8 day1 su* z ,jacopo della ,porta1 ,dom5i*9o1 ,giuseppe ,ges>i1 & ,giovanni ,fontana4 ,"h1 too1 7 ga!r$ ! mo/ preci\s relics ( anci5t art1 :ile ! g>d5s1 adorn$ ) vases1 /atues1 colonnades1 & sp>kl+ f\nta9s1 made ! ext]ior a place ( m>vell\s beauty & *>m4 ,! view ( m\nta9s & sea sugge/$ ! "n ( ,belv$]e4 ,! ,villa belongs to-day to ! ,borghese family1 :o inh]it$ x f ! ,aldobr&9i4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,joseph ,e4 ,wid5] ,,fea/ ,,( ,,! ,,gods --,giovanni ,bell9i ,! ,villa ,ludovisi1 frequ5tly call$ ! ,piomb9o ,palace1 is situat$ on ! site ( ! anci5t g>d5s ( ,sallu/4 ,?is palace 0 erect$ 9 #afbb by ,c>d9al ,ludovico ,ludovisi1 nephew ( ,pope ,gregory ,,xv1 :o select$ ,dom5i*9o = 8 ar*itect & ! fam\s ,le ,ntre = 8 l&scape-g>d5]4 ,! prop]ty pass$ by inh]itance to ! ,pr9cess ( ,piomb9o 7,buonocampagni-,ludovisi74 ,art-lov]s "k ! "n 9 connection ) ! colossal & magnific5t head ( ! ,juno ,ludovisi 7,fif? ,c5tury1 ,b4 ,c472 & x w be rememb]$ t ! ,juno ,ludovisi & o!r antiques f ! ,villa ,ludovisi =m$ ! ,museo ,buonocompagni4 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild4 ,titian 7#adgg8-aegf74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,! ,virg91 9 pr(ile1 seat$ on a /one seat1 has auburn hair--8,titian hair0--:i* is reliev$ aga9/ a d>k-gre5 curta94 ,h] robe is pale rose-color ) sla%es ( :ite & h] mantle ( cobalt blue l ! l&scape1 8:i* resembles ! sea at midday40 ,%e also we>s a :ite veil4 ,%e is look+ ) great t5d]ness at ! ,holy ,*ild1 ly+ at full l5g? on h] lap & smil+ at h]4 ,! composition is mo/ beautiful & ! introduction ( ! trees gives p]p5dicul> l9es :i* contra/ delightfully ) ! g5]al horizontal effects4 ,lionel ,cu/ calls x a picture ( great *>m1 z inde$ x is1 & says3 8,! ,virg9 leans t5d]ly ov] ! ,*ild ly+ ^u h] knees4 ,?is composition is treat$ 9 ! same mann] z ! picture at ,b]gamo1 ! ,virg9 & ,*ild ) ,/4 ,bridgit & ,/4 ,ulphus1 9 ! ,prado at ,madrid1 & a few o!rs4 ,9 all ( ^! works ! s5tim5t is t ( ,giorgione1 ev5 ?\gh ! execution is ( ! h& ( ,titian2 & "o c\ld n ?9k ( atta*+ ano!r "n ?an 8 to ?is picture & to t at ,madrid4 ,x w be notic$ also t ! two tree-trunks1 s mu* 9 evid5ce at ! back ( ! picture1 con/itute a leit-motiv1 :i* ,giorgione fir/ employ$ & :i* ,titian imitat$40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e ,,! ,,virg9 ,,& ,,*ild --,titian ,h]b]t ,f4 ,cook 9 8 ,giorgione 7,london1 #aijg71 gives ?is pa9t+ to ,giorgione1 su/a9+ ! claim by ! foll[+3 8,! m>ble p>apet is a feature 9 ,giorgione's "w1 b n 9 ,titian's4 ,b ! mo/ conv9c+ evid5ce to ^? :o "k ! ma/] lies 9 ! composition1 :i* =ms an almo/ equilat]al triangle1 reveal+ ,giorgione's supreme s5se ( beauty 9 l9e4 ,! spl5did curves made by ! drap]y1 ! pose ( ! ,*ild1 s z to obta9 ! same unbrok5 sweep ( l9e1 reveal ! pa9t] ( ! ,dresd5 ,v5us4 ,! pa9t+ ( ! ,*ild's h& ov] ! ,madonna's is precisely z 9 ! ,madrid picture1 :]e1 moreov]1 ! pose ( ! ,*ild is s+ul>ly alike4 ,! folds ( drap]y on ! sleeve recur 9 ! same picture1 ! l&scape ) ! small figure seat$ b5ea? ! tree is su* z c be f\nd 9 any ,giorgione backgr\nd4 ,! oval ( ! face & ! delicacy ( ! features are ?or\ghly *>act]i/ic1 z is ! _s ( calm rev]ie & t5d] simplicity :i* ,giorgione has brea!d into 8 figures40 ,:e!r by ,titian1 or by ,giorgione1 or by bo?1 ! pa9t+ is a gem4 ,if by ,giorgione1 x w\ld be ev5 m valuable1 z ?is ma/] is s r>e4 ,! pa9t+1 oil on panel 7#ah #bb in*es71 came f ! ,b5son ,collection & 0 =m]ly at ,burghley ,h\se1 ,/am=d1 ,nor?ampton%ire1 hav+ be5 acquir$ 9 ,italy betwe5 #afij & #agjj by ! ,e>l ( ,exet]4 ,tiziano ,vecellio 0 born ab\t #adgg at ,pieve di ,cadore1 ! son ( ,gregorio ,vecelli1 & 0 tak5 to ,v5ice at ! age ( t5 & appr5tic$ to a mosaic-work]4 ,aft] ?is he /udi$ 9 ,giovanni ,bell9i's bottega1 :]e he _h = a fell[-pupil1 ,giorgione1 ) :om he 0 associat$ 9 decorat+ ! ,fondaco dei ,t$es*i4 ,titian visit$ ,padua1 ,rome1 &1 9 #aeaf1 ,f]r>a4 ,commissions ( all k9ds foll[$ rapidly & ,titian became ! mo/ fam\s pa9t] ( 8 "t4 ,he liv$ 9 spl5did /yle & 8 long life 0 fill$ ) magnific5t pa9t+ & magnific5t results4 ,titian di$ ( ! ,plague 9 #aegf4 ,9 8 long life1 cr[n$ ) e k9d ( success1 ,titian pa9t$ ) sup]lative skill e sort ( subject4 ,titian 0 "o ( ! greate/ ma/]s ! _w has ev] kn[n4 8,9 attempt+ to picture ,titian10 writes ,ta9e1 8we imag9e a happy man1 ! happie/ & ! heal?ie/ ( 8 species1 ,heav5 hav+ be/[$ ^u him no?+ b favors & felicities3 ! fir/ among 8 rivals2 visit$ 9 8 h\se by ! ,k+s ( ,france & ,pol&2 a favorite ( ! ,emp]or1 ( ,philip ,,ii1 ( ! ,doges1 ( ,pope ,paul ,,iii1 ( all ! ,italian pr9ces2 creat$ a knight & a c\nt ( ! ,empire2 ov]:elm$ ) ord]s2 lib]ally paid1 p5sion$1 & wor?ily enjoy+ 8 good =tune4 ,he kept h\se 9 great /ate1 dress$ himself spl5didly1 & ent]ta9$ at 8 table c>d9als1 lords1 ! greate/ arti/s & ! able/ writ]s ( 8 day4 ,beauty1 ta/e1 cultivation1 & tal5t play & reflect back ^u him1 z if f a mirror ! brightness ( 8 own g5ius4 ,8 bro!r1 8 son1 ,orazio1 8 two c\s9s1 ,ces>e & ,fabrizio1 & 8 relative1 ,m>co di ,tiziano1 7 all excell5t pa9t]s4 ,8 daught]1 ,lav9ia1 dress$ z ,flora1 ) a basket ( fruit on h] head1 suppli$ him ) a model ( fre% complexion & ample =m4 ,8 tal5t fl[s on l a great riv] 9 its b$1 no?+ di/urbs its c\rse1 & its own increase is suffici5t4 ,l ,leon>do & ,mi*elangelo1 ,titian sees no?+ outside ( 8 art40 ,,cat]9a ,,corn>o1 ,,que5 ,,( ,,cyprus4 ,titian 7#adgg-aegf74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,john ,r+l+4 ,pr\d & h&some ?is fam\s ,que5 & beauty looks d[n ^u u f ! c5turies4 ,%e is we>+ a dress ( gold & gre5 /rip$ velvet ) a p9k camelia at h] neck & "o ( ^? fa%ionable1 tall1 sug>-loaf head-dresses--call$ 9 ,france ! h5n9--) jewell$ b& ar\nd ! rim & a float+ veil4 ,v beautifully are h] pe>ls pa9t$2 &1 fa/5$ by a *a9 to a bracelet on h] left wri/1 is a pet *ameleon4 ,?is portrait1 oils on canvas 7#dc #ch in*es71 came f ! ,ric>di ,palace1 ,flor5ce1 & f ! ,collection ( ,r4 ,s4 ,hol=d1 ,esq41 ,dor*e/] ,h\se4 ,cat]9a ,corn>o1 8,la ,re9e de ,*ypre10 fam\s 9 song & /ory1 0 ! daught] ( ,m>co ,corn>o1 a noble ,v5etian & desc5dant ( ! ,doge ( ! same "n1 & ,flor5ce1 daught] ( ,niccol ,crispo1 ,duca dell' ,ar*ipelago4 ,cat]9a 0 born 9 ,v5ice 9 #aded1 educat$ at ! ,conv5t ( ,san ,b5$etto 9 ,padua1 & re>$ 9 all ! weal? & elegance ( ! "t4 ,at an e>ly age %e 0 m>ri$ to ! ,k+ ( ,cyprus1 ,j]usalem1 & ,arm5ia 7,jacques de ,lusignan71 :o *ose h] f sixty-two ( ! mo/ beautiful wom5 ( ,v5ice4 ,! ,s5ate1 hav+ adopt$ ,cat]9a ,corn>o z a daught] ( ! ,republic1 gave h] a d[ry ( a hundr$ ?\s& gold5 ducats & agre$ to def5d ! ,k+dom ( ,cyprus aga9/ all enemies4 ,! w$d+ took place by proxy 9 ,v5ice 9 #adgb & 0 celebrat$ ) great magnific5ce4 ,! ,doge1 himself1 ,cri/(oro ,moro1 call$ = ! bride at h] palace 9 ! ,buc5taur & accompani$ h] to ! ,v5etian %ip 9 :i* %e emb>k$ ) a regal suite = h] new home4 ,aft] exp]i5c+ sev]al accid5ts at sea1 ! beautiful ,v5etian lady arriv$ 9 ,cyprus1 :]e h] r>e beauty & *>m+ mann]s captivat$ ! entire population4 ,)9 two ye>s h] husb& di$ & ,cat]9a !n reign$ ov] ,cyprus = f\rte5 ye>s1 subject1 h[ev]1 to ! /rict surveillance ( ,v5ice4 ,at la/1 we>i$ by re/rictions & intrigues1 ! ,que5 ( ,cyprus 9 #adhi return$ to ,v5ice ) h] belov$ bro!r1 ,giorgio ,corn>o1 & made a solemn transf] ( all h] claims 9 ,cyprus to ! ,doge4 ,cat]9a !n w5t to ,frattalonga1 situat$ at ! foot ( ! ,asolani m\nta9s1 to meet ! ,emp]or ,maximilian1 :o 0 on 8 way home f ,milan to ,vi5na2 & ! place pleas$ h] s mu* t %e obta9$ f ! ,doge1 ,ago/9o ,b>b>igo1 ! inve/iture ( ,asolo & its di/rict4 ,a few mon?s lat]--9 ,octob] #adhi--;,cat]9a return$ to ,asolo ) a suite ( f\r ?\s& p]sons & e/abli%$ a ,c\rt 9 ! ,ca/le1 :]e %e liv$ = tw5ty-"o ye>s1 protect$ by troops grant$ to h] by ! ,republic ( ,v5ice4 ,9 ?is beautiful resid5ce ,cat]9a 0 said to h held ?ree ,c\rts--t ( ! ,muses2 t ( ,love2 & t ( h] own1 :i* 0 ( great magnific5ce4 ,! lead+ _s !re 0 ! celebrat$ poet1 ,pietro ,bembo1 79 lat] ye>s ,c>d9al ,bembo71 :o wrote 8 fam\s dialogues ( love1 ,gli ,asolani1 "h 9 #adij1 = ! sup]b m>riage fe/ivities ( "o ( ,cat]9a's maids-(-honor4 ,e illu/ri\s p]sonage ( ! p]iod visit$ ! ,c\rt at ,asolo4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,john ,r+l+ ,,cat]9a ,,corn>o ,,que5 ,,( ,,cyprus --,titian ,dur+ ! w>s occasion$ by ! ,league ( ,cambrai 7#aejh71 ,cat]9a return$ = safety to ,v5ice & di$ !re 9 #aeaj1 9 ! palace ( h] bro!r1 ,giorgio1 :o 0 !n procurator ( ,/4 ,m>k's4 ,titian pa9t$ sev]al o!r portraits ( ,cat]9a ,corn>o1 ( :i* ! "o 9 ! ,uffizi is ! mo/ fam\s1 repres5t+ ! ,que5 ( ,cyprus ) h] gold5 cr[n /udd$ ) l>ge pe>ls & an ov]-dress or coat ( ri* gre5 brocade4 ,,giorgio ,,corn>o ,,) ,,falcon4 ,titian 7#adhi-aegf74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,erickson4 ,we h "h a fam\s ,v5etian /atesman & g5]al ( ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury1 belov$ bro!r ( ,cat]9a ,corn>o1 ,que5 ( ,cyprus 7see page #adc71 repres5t+ him probably 9 ! habit he lik$ be/ ( all--t ( a sportsman ) 8 pet falcon4 ,"h he /&s1 ?ree qu>t]s to ! "r1 9 a slate-color$ hunt+ coat ) br[n fur coll> & ) a black belt at ! wai/ f :i* hangs a sword1 b\nd ) a crimson sa%4 ,8 curly hair & be>d are *e/nut color & 8 eyes are v bright4 ,8 head is rais$ & he looks int5tly at 8 falcon p]*$ ^u 8 left glov$ h&1 ) hood1 bill & jacket atta*$1 & ) 8 "r h& grasps ! bird's brea/4 ,f ! left h& corn] ! head ( a :ite1 liv]-spott$ h\nd looks up4 ,! backgr\nd is d>k4 ,! pa9t+1 an oil on canvas 7#dc #ch in*es7 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,collections ( ! ,c>ignan bran* ( ! ,royal ,h\se ( ,pi$mont2 ,l\is ,franois de ,b\rbon1 ,pr9ce de ,conti2 ! ,e>l ( ,c>lisle1 ,ca/le ,h[>d1 ,york%ire1 ,engl&2 & ,dr4 ,edw>d ,simon1 ,b]l94 ,cr[e & ,cavalcaselle 9 _! ,life & ,times ( ,titian 7,london1 #ahha7 say ( ?is "w3 8,titian nev] produc$ a f9] picture ?an :i* n[ adorns ! gall]y ( ,ca/le ,h[>d4 ,?is beautiful "w is modell$ ) all ! ri*ness ( tone & smoo?ness ( surface :i* di/+ui%es poli%$ fle%4 ,! attitude is natural1 ! complexion w>m & embr[n$ by ! sun2 & e "p is bl5d$ ) ! utmo/ f9i% )\t produc+ want ( flexibility40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,erickson ,,giorgio ,,corn>o ,,) ,,falcon --,titian ,giorgio ,corn>o succe$$ 8 fa!r1 ,m>co ,corn>o 9 #adgi1 he be+ ab\t tw5ty-five4 ,italian hi/orians are fond ( attribut+ ! ,victory ( ,cadore to ,giorgio ,corn>o1 :o liv$ until #aebg1 hav+ play$ an important "p all 8 life 9 ,v5etian politics4 ,,maximilian ,,s=za1 ,,duke ,,( ,,milan4 ,b>tolommeo ,v5eto 7#adhj-aeee74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman4 ,?is portrait1 oil on panel 7#cj #bc in*es71 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,palazzo ,s=za & lat] hung 9 ! ,casa ,p]ego1 ,milan1 until ! entire ,casa ,p]ego ,collection 0 b\ght 9 ! e>ly ,n9ete5? ,c5tury by ,s5ator ,crespi ( ,rome1 9 ^: gall]y x rema9$ until ! ,crespi ,collection 0 sold4 ,x is d\bly int]e/+ z a "w ( art & z ! repres5tation ( an important "* 9 ,italian hi/ory4 ,b]nh>d ,b]5son calls x 8"o ( ! mo/ manly portraits & "o ( ! mo/ beautiful pa9t+s ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance40 ,! half-l5g? figure is se5 almo/ full front1 b ! head is turn$ slightly to ! left4 ,all ! ,italian ,r5aissance seems to be express$ 9 ?is pr\d1 di/+ui%$ p]son & 9 8 ri* dress1 :i* consi/s ( a coat ( gre5 velvet trimm$ ) b&s ( gold1 a f9ely embroid]$ :ite %irt1 black wai/coat ) horizontal gold /ripes & a ri* fur coll>1 :i* he clasps ) 8 "r h& on ! index f+] ( :i* is a h&some r+4 ,8 d>k hair falls to ! %\ld]s & is surm\nt$ by a black velvet cap1 on ! side ( :i* is a gold & enamell$ m$al %[+ an allegorical female figure ) ! date #aeab1 ( ! k9d t all ! fa%ionable g5tlem5 7 we>+ at t p]iod4 ,a r$ curta9 falls beh9d ! figure & on ! wall hangs a picture 9 :i* are introduc$ figures f ,dr]'s fam\s woodcut1 ,! ,knight & ! ,lansqu5et4 ,9 front ( ! sitt] is a n>r[ l$ge1 or balu/rade1 ) a c>d 9 ! c5tre1 :i* orig9ally c>ri$ ! signature ( ,b>tolommeo ,v5eto4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman ,,maximilian ,,s=za --,b>tolommeo ,v5eto ,maximilian ,s=za 0 ! son ( ,ludovico ,s=za1 8,il ,moro10 ,duke ( ,milan1 ! mo/ illu/ri\s pr9ce ( ,italy1 & ,beatrice d',e/e1 "o ( ! mo/ fasc9at+ & brilliant wom5 ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance4 ,maximilian 0 born on ,janu>y #be1 #adic1 9 ! ,ca/ello ( ,milan1 & 0 nam$ ,ercole out ( complim5t to 8 gr&fa!r1 ,duke ,ercole ( ,f]r>a4 ,he 0 br\ght up 9 ! mo/ brilliant ( ,c\rts & 8 education & tra9+ 7 ( ! v be/4 ,8 "m 0 devot$ to him & con/antly m5tions him 9 h] lett]s4 ,ercole appe>s 9 ! great alt>-piece attribut$ to ,z5ale1 n[ 9 ! ,br]a1 kneel+ by ! side ( 8 fa!r4 ,! portrait ( ?is little *ild mu/ be a good "o1 = we see ! same face gr[n old] 9 ! ,v5eto portrait be=e u4 ,on ! alt>-piece1 j m5tion$1 ,ercole's y\ng] bro!r kneels by ! side ( ,beatrice d',e/e4 ,x 0 dur+ a visit ( ! ,emp]or ,maximilian to ,ludovico & 8 wife 9 #adif t ,ercole receiv$ 8 new "n4 ,! ,emp]or1 aga9 *>m$ by ,beatrice1 took great int]e/ 9 h] two sons & reque/$ t ! eld] %\ld be call$ ,maximilian4 ,b ! brilliant days pass$ & sorr[s came4 ,! beautiful1 gift$ "m di$ 9 ,janu>y1 #adig1 & ! ,fr5* invad$ ,milan4 ,ludovico det]m9$ to seek safety 9 flight & s5t 8 two sons to ,g]many "u ! c>e ( 8 bro!r1 ,c>d9al ,ascanio ,s=za1 ,c>d9al ,sansev]9o1 & _! k9swoman1 ,camilla ,s=za4 8,a truly pite\s & he>t-break+ sight x 010 wrote an eye-witness1 8to see ^! poor *ildr5 embrace _! belov$ fa!r1 ^: face 0 wet ) _! te>s40 ,tw5ty mules lad5 ) baggage & a l>ge *>iot drawn by eight horses & conta9+ ,ludovico's preci\s jewels & #bdj1jjj gold ducats foll[$ 9 ! tra9 ( ! "y pr9ces4 ,^! "y g5tlem5 nev] saw _! fa!r aga91 = 8,il ,moro0 0 captur$1 tak5 to ,p>is1 & imprison$ 9 ! ca/le ( ,lo*es1 :]e he di$ 9 #aejh4 ,an ,italian writ]1 ,m>9o ,sanuto1 exclaim$ on ! t]rible fate ( ,ludovico3 8,only ?9k1 read]1 :at grief & %ame s great & glori\s a "l1 :o _h be5 held to be ! wise/ ( mon>*s & able/ ( rul]s1 mu/ h felt at los+ s spl5did a /ate 9 ^! few days1 )\t a s+le /roke ( ! sword4 ,let ^? :o are 9 high places take w>n+1 consid]+ ! mis]able fall ( ?is "l1 :o 0 held by _m to be ! greate/ pr9ce 9 ! _w1 & let !m rememb] t :5 ,=tune sets y on ! top ( h] :eel1 %e may at any mom5t br+ y to ! gr\nd40 ,! re/ ( ! /ory is well told 9 ,mrs4 ,c>twright's ,beatrice d',e/e 7,london1 #ahhi73 8,mean:ile ,beatrice's sons grew up at ,innsbrck1 "u ! c>e ( _! c\s91 ! ,empress ,bianca4 ,x 0 a melan*oly life = ^! "y pr9ces1 born 9 ! purple & re>$ 9 all ! luxury & culture ( ,milan4 ,& :5 _! c\s91 ,bianca1 di$ 9 #aeaj1 !y lo/ _! be/ fri5d4 ,b a sudd5 & unexpect$ turn ( ! tide br\ght !m once m to ! front4 ,t w>like pontiff1 ,julius ,,ii1 :o1 z ,c>d9al della ,rov]e1 _h be5 "o ( ! *ief in/rum5ts 9 br++ ! ,fr5* into ,italy1 ent]$ into a league ) ,maximilian to expel !m & re9/ate ! son ( ! hat$ ,moro on ! ?rone ( ,milan4 ,!y succe$$ s well t 9 #aeab1 f\r ye>s aft] ,ludovico's dea? at ,lo*es1 "y ,maximilian ,s=za ent]$ ,milan 9 triumph amid/ ! en?usia/ic applause ( ! p4 ,once m he rode up to ! gates ( ! ,ca/ello1 :]e he 0 born1 & took up 8 abode !re z reign+ duke4 ,b 8 rule ov] ,lomb>dy 0 %ort4 ,a h&some1 g5tle y\?1 )\t ei!r 8 fa!r's tal5ts or 8 "m's high _s1 ,maximilian 0 de/9$ to become a passive tool 9 ! h&s ( /rong] & m p[]ful m54 ,8 weakness & incapacity soon became app>5t1 & :51 ?ree ye>s lat]1 ! new ,fr5* ,k+1 ,francis ,i1 invad$ ! ,milanese & defeat$ ! ,italian army at ,m>ignano1 ! "y duke sign$ an act ( abdication & cons5t$ to sp5d ! re/ ( 8 life 9 ,france4 ,!re he liv$ 9 honorable captivity1 cont5t ) a p5sion all[$ him by ,k+ ,francis & ) ! promise ( a ,c>d9al's hat held out to him by ! ,pope1 until he di$ 9 ,may1 #aecj40 ,b>tolommeo ,v5eto 7or ,b>tolommeo ,v5eziano71 born 9 #adhj1 0 a pupil ( ,giovanni ,bell9i1 ^: influ5ce is app>5t 9 ,v5eto's e>ly pictures4 ,9 #aejf-aejh ,v5eto 0 pa9t+ = ,lucrezia ,borgia 9 ,f]r>a & aft] t he 0 engag$ at ! ,c\rt ( ,milan1 :]e he pa9t$ ?is portrait ( ,maximilian ,s=za4 ,! picture be>s ! date #aeab1 :i* 0 ! ye> ! "y ,duke return$ to ,milan4 ,b>tolommeo ,v5eto 0 fam\s = 8 portraits4 ,he liv$ = sometime 9 ,lomb>dy &1 l all ! pa9t]s ( ! "t & place1 fell "u ! influ5ce ( ,leon>do da ,v9ci4 ,z ! la/ trace ( him appe>s on a portrait 9 ! ,uffizi1 dat$ #aeee1 x is suppos$ t ,v5eto di$ 9 t ye>4 ,a ,,sc5e ,,along ,,! ,,adriatic ,,coa/4 ,francesco ,gu>di 7#agab-agic74 ,collection ( ,mrs4 ,*>les ,b4 ,alex&]4 ,gu>di1 a pupil ( ,canaletto1 devot$ himself to ! /udy ( 8 native city1 ,v5ice1 :]e he 0 born 9 #agab & :]e he pa9t$ /eadily until 8 dea? 9 #agic4 ,gu>di ranks ) ,canaletto & ,turn] z "o ( ! ?ree greate/ pa9t]s ( ! 8,dream ,city0 z ,*>les ,dick5s call$ ,v5ice4 ,9 ,gu>di's long li/ ( pictures we h a p]fect hi/ory 9 pa9t ( ! 8,que5 ( ! ,adriatic0 dur+ ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,!re are innum]able views ( ! ,gr& ,canal2 ( bo? ! ext]ior & ! int]ior ( ,san ,m>co2 ( ,san ,giorgio1 ! ,salute1 ,san ,zacc>ia1 & o!r *ur*es2 ( ! ,fondaco dei ,t$es*i 7! ,g]man bank+-h\se72 ! ,doges ,palace2 ! ,piazza & ! ,piazzetta2 sc5es on ! outly+ isl&s2 views on ! ,lagoons2 & pictures ( processions ( ! ,doges & ( fe/ivals ( ! *ur*4 ,! picture pres5t$ "h %[s a sc5e outside ( ,v5ice1 b n f> away2 & x is a beautiful & *>act]i/ic "w ( ,gu>di1 bo? z to composition & color4 ,! pa9t+ came f ! ,collection ( ! ,b>on ,maurice de ,ro?s*ild ( ,p>is to its pres5t own]1 ,mrs4 ,*>les ,b4 ,alex&] ( ,new ,york4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mrs4 ,*>les ,b4 ,alex&] ,a ,,sc5e ,,along ,,! ,,adriatic ,,coa/ --,francesco ,gu>di ,,flemi% ,,pa9t+ ,,flemi% ,,pa9t+ ,flemi% ,pa9t+ 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,c5tury 0 bas$ on ! m9iature-pa9t+ t illu/rat$ ! ,m$ival manuscripts3 inde$1 _m ( ! e>ly pa9t+s look l enl>g$ v]sions ( ! little pictures t adorn ! vellum pages ( missals & old romans4 ,! e>ly pa9t]s 7 influ5c$ by ! ,s*ool ( ,cologne until ! two ,van ,eycks 7,hub]t1 #acff-adbf1 & ,jan1 #achj-adda71 by _! m>vell\s pa9t+ & by ! foll[]s !y attract$1 rais$ ,flemi% ,art into importance & gave x a /&+ by itself z ! ,s*ool ( ,bruges4 ,little is kn[n ( ! lives ( ^! pa9t]s except t !y /ood high 9 ! favor ( ,philip ! ,good1 ,duke ( ,burgundy1 :o frequ5tly s5t ,jan on missions to =eign c\ntries1 & t ! bro!rs pa9t$ ! great & fam\s alt>-piece1 ! ,adoration ( ! ,lamb1 = ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,bavon 9 ,gh5t4 ,?is great "w1 :i* is "o ( ! mo/ celebrat$ ( all alt>-pieces1 is a l&m>k 9 ! hi/ory ( pa9t+4 ,x may be said to h inaugurat$ ! ,flemi% ,s*ool2 & x m>ks an innovation z well4 ,?is ,adoration ( ! ,lamb 0 ord]$ by ,jodocus ,vydts1 a burgoma/] ( ,gh5t1 & 8 wife1 ,isabella ,borluut1 = _! mortu>y *apel 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,bavon2 & ,van ,m&] relates t :5 x 0 f9i%$ 8sw>ms ( p0 came to gaze ^u x2 b1 z ! w+s 7 clos$ except on special fe/ivals1 8few b ! high-born & ^? :o c\ld af=d to pay ! cu/os saw x40 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t at ?is p]iod *anges 7 also tak+ place 9 ,italy "u ,g5tile de ,fabriano1 ,pisanello1 & ,masaccio4 ,:e!r ! ,van ,eycks inv5t$ oil-pa9t+ or n1 !y _h mu* to d ) p]fect+ ! process & influ5c+ o!rs to ! use ( ! new me?od4 ,! ,van ,eycks _h z pupils & foll[]s all ! ,flemi% & ,g]man pa9t]s ( ! day & _! influ5ce 0 ev5 felt 9 ,italy1 :]e _! pictures sold = _! weight 9 gold4 ,9 #adbe ,philip ! ,good1 ,duke ( ,burgundy1 took ,jan van ,eyck into 8 s]vice z pa9t] & 8v>let de *ambre20 & ,jan1 !reaft]1 seems to h sp5t 8 life at ! ,c\rt1 pa9t+ portraits & design+ v>i\sly1 go+ on embassies = ! ,duke1 & pa9t+ 9 ,bruges & 9 ,lille4 ,z a portrait-pa9t] ,jan van ,eyck is rank$ ) ,dr]1 ,holbe91 ,raphael1 ,titian1 ,van ,dyck1 & ! o!r great ones 9 ?is l9e4 ,und\bt$ly1 ,jan van ,eyck mov$ ab\t a good deal ?r\gh ! ,duke ( ,burgundy's imm5se doma91 :i* includ$ all ! ,l[ ,c\ntries & a great "p ( :at is n[ ,france4 ,we are apt to ?9k ( ^! e>ly pa9t]s :o laid ! f\ndations ( mod]n art z liv+ 9 a mu* simpl] day ?an our own4 ,x is true t 9 ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury ! ,middle ,ages 7 /ill hold+ _! own 9 ,fl&]s--! ,r5aissance mov$ v sl[ly nor?w>d--b x 0 a "t ( great prosp]ity & great luxury1 especially 9 ! ,burgundian c\ntry4 ,philip ! ,bold1 ,duke ( ,burgundy1 son ( ! ,k+ ( ,france1 0 ! mo/ luxuri\s pr9ce ( 8 "t4 ,8 titles %[ 8 p[]4 ,he 0 ,duke ( ,burgundy1 ( ,brabant1 ( ,lo?i] & ( ,luxemb\rg2 ,c\nt ( ,fl&]s1 ( ,artois1 & ( ,burgundy2 ,palat9e ( ,ha9ault1 ( ,holl&1 ( ,zeel&1 ( ,namur1 & ( ,*>olais2 ,m>quis ( ! ,holy ,empire2 & ,"l ( ,friesl&1 ( ,sal9s1 & ( ,me*l94 ,! ,h\se ( ,burgundy1 !re=e1 by its inh]itances1 alliances & conque/s1 _h atta9$ su* p[] z ev5 to ov]%ad[ ! ,fr5* ?rone4 ,philip ! ,good 7#acif-adfg7 0 ev5 m luxuri\s ?an 8 gr&fa!r1 ,philip ! ,bold4 ,8 ,c\rt 0 unequall$ 9 ,europe & 0 subject to ! /ricte/ rules ( etiquette4 ,8 palaces 9 ,brussels1 ,dijon1 & ,p>is 7 sumptu\sly furni%$ & 8 collections ( tape/ries1 gold-"w1 silv]-"w1 jewels1 embroid]ies1 illum9at$ manuscripts1 & pr9t$ books excit$ ! admiration ( su* travell]s & *ronicl]s z 7 privileg$ to see !m & :o1 =tunately = u1 h left acc\nts = u to read4 ,at ?is p]iod1 too1 ! ,flem+s 7 ! great craftsm5 ( ,europe & !y produc$ e k9d ( article requir$ = ! ta/es & com=t ( ! weal?y ,burgundians4 ,brussels & ,dijon became v]itable ,meccas = ,m$ival arti/s1 :ile ,bruges1 ,t\rnay1 ,arras1 ,ypres1 ,gh5t1 & ,d9ant held a welcome = any able craftsman or arti/1 :o1 driv5 f ,engl&1 ,france1 or ,italy by ! civil w>s1 s\ght refuge & "w4 ,& !re 0 pl5ty ( "w to be done6 ,arti/ic designs ( all k9ds 7 ne$$ = tape/ry-work]s1 = ! goldsmi?s & silv]smi?s1 = ! furniture-mak]s1 & = craftsm5 busy 9 mak+ articles = h\sehold use or = p]sonal decoration4 ,moreov]1 = ! great ent]ta9m5ts1 su* z w$d+s1 receptions ( pr9ces1 or celebrations 9 honor ( ! ,knights ( ! ,gold5 ,fleece1 & o!r important functions1 a v]itable army ( pa9t]s1 sculptors1 illum9ators1 c>v]s1 & ma*9i/s 0 ne$$ to design1 plan1 & execute ! entremets exhibit$ dur+ ! banquets & ! gr& decorations erect$ 9 ! /reets ?r\gh :i* ! processions pass$4 ,we %all ga9 a bett] idea ( ! _s ( e>ly ,flemi% ,art if we pause = a mom5t to look into ! palace at ,lille1 9 #aded1 :5 ,philip ! ,good 0 celebrat+ ! 8,fea/ ( ! ,pheasant40 ,! l>ge hall 0 hung ) tape/ry repres5t+ ! ,labors ( ,h]cules4 ,! dressoir ( enorm\s size 0 adorn$ ) magnific5t gold & silv] vessels & !re 7 ?ree l>ge tables1 spl5didly lad5 ) vi&s arti/ically decorat$4 ,"o ( ! gue/s wrote3 8,on a rais$ plat=m at ! head ( ! fir/ table sat ! ,duke4 ,he 0 array$ 9 8 accu/om$ spl5dor--8 dress ( black velvet s]v+ z a d>k gr\nd t height5$ ! brilliancy ( ! preci\s /ones1 valu$ at a million ( gold cr[ns1 ) :i* x 0 pr(usely deck$4 ,among ! gue/s 0 a num]\s body ( knights1 :o _h pass$ ! morn+ 9 ! tilt+-field1 & fair ,flemi% ladies1 ^: flaunt+ beauty _h inspir$ ^! m>tial sports4 ,ea* c\rse 0 compos$ ( =ty-f\r di%es1 :i* 7 plac$ on *>iots pa9t$ 9 gold & azure & :i* 7 mov$ along ! tables by conceal$ ma*9]y4 ,z soon z ! company 0 seat$1 ! bells began to peal f ! /eeple ( a huge pa/ry *ur* ) /a9$ w9d[s t conceal$ an organ & *oir ( s+]s2 & ?ree little *ori/]s issu$ f ! edifice & sang a v sweet *anson4 ,tw5ty-eight musicians1 hidd5 9 a mammo? pie1#ai p]=m$ on v>i\s in/rum5ts & ! f9e vi&s & w9es 7 circulat$40 ,aft] ! exhibition ( entremets1 ! pheasant 0 br\ght 91 ! ,crusade proclaim$ aga9/ ! ,sultan1 & ! v[s regi/]$4 ,x is safe to conjecture t ,hub]t & ,jan van ,eyck 7 among ! pa9t]s :o 7 employ$ to design ! entremets1 triumphal ar*es1 & curiosities execut$ 9 pa/ry & 9 confections made ( sug>1 z well z to pa9t portraits ( di/+ui%$ ,flem+s & alt>-pieces = _! *ur*es4 ,! ,flemi% ,primitives c]ta9ly _h _m occasions to fea/ _! eyes ^u magnific5ce6 ,john ,pa/on1 :o w5t to ,bruges to att5d ,*>les ! ,bold's second m>riage 9 #adfh to ,m>g>et ( ,york1 0 ov]:elm$ & daz$ by :at he saw4 8,no?+ 0 l x save ,k+ ,ar?ur's ,c\rt10 he wrote home4 ,! /reets 7 hung ) tape/ries & clo?-(-gold1 triumphal ar*es 7 erect$ & at int]vals along h] way ! bride 0 ent]ta9$ by 8,hi/ories10 ! jo9t production ( pa9t]s1 decorators1 dramati/s1 & ma*9i/s4 ,! banquet-hall 0 sup]bly decorat$ & ! *ronicl]s say 8light$ by *&eli]s 9 ! =m ( ca/les surr\nd$ by =e/ & m\nta9s ) revolv+ pa?s on :i* s]p5ts1 dragons1 & o!r mon/r\s animals seem$ to roam 9 se>* ( prey1 sp\t+ =? jets ( flame t 7 reflect$ 9 huge mirrors1 s arrang$ z to cat* & multiply ! rays4 ,! di%es conta9+ ! pr9cipal meats 7 %ips1 sev5 feet long & completely rigg$1 ! ma/s & cordage gilt1 ! sails & /ream]s ( silk1 ea* float+ 9 a silv] lake betwe5 %ores ( v]dure & enamell$ rocks & att5d$ by a fleet ( boats lad5 ) lemons1 oranges1 & condim5ts4 ,!re 7 ?irty ( ^! vessels & z _m huge pa/ries 9 ! %ape ( ca/les ) bann]s wav+ f _! battlem5ts & t[]s2 besides t5ts & pavilions = ! fruit2 jelly-di%es ( cry/al support$ by figures ( ! same mat]ial disp5s+ /reams ( lav5d] & rose-wat]2 & an imm5se pr(usion ( gold & silv] plate40 ,:5 ,*>les ! ,bold 0 kill$ on ! battlefield ( ,nancy 7#adgg71 a ,new ,era 0 ab\t to dawn4 ,am]ica 0 soon to be discov]$2 ,vasco da ,gama 0 to f9d an ocean r\te to ! ,ea/ ,indies2 ! ,moors 7 to be expell$ f ,spa92 ! ,w>s ( ! ,roses 7 to end 9 ,engl&2 ,f]d9& & ,isabella 7 to m>ry _! daught]1 ! 8mad ,joanna10 to ,philip ! ,fair ( ,au/ria1 heir ?r\gh 8 "m1 ,m>y ( ,burgundy1 to ! ,burgundian dom9ions 7! issue be+ ,*>les ,v1 born 9 ,gh5t 9 #aejj74 ,( /ill m importance to ! _w ( ,art ?an ^! important ev5ts 0 ! discov]y ( ,italy by ! ,fr5*1 :o cross$ ! ,alps ) ,*>les ,,viii4 ,! ,fr5* 7 dazzl$ by :at !y saw 9 ,italy4 ,on _! return ! ,r5aissance 9 ,france & ! ,ne!rl&s may be said to h begun to blossom4 ,! gr\nd _h already be5 prep>$ by ! art-lov+ ,dukes ( ,burgundy4 ,let u return1 h[ev]1 to ! ,bruges pa9t]s3 8,! rise ( ! ,s*ool 0 aid$ by ! ,f\rte5? ,c5tury ,art ( ,cologne be/ %[n 9 ! "w ( ,mei/] ,wilhelm4 ,! ,art ( ! movem5t 01 = ! p]iod1 /rongly reali/ic4 ,natural objects 7 pa9t$ ) ! utmo/ fidelity1 int]e/ 9 /ill-life & g5re beg9 to appe>1 & details ( ar*itecture & l&scape 7 r5d]$ z c>efully z ! heads ( ! mo/ sacr$ p]sonages 9 ! compositions4 ,s pron\nc$ 0 ?is t5d5cy t sup]ficial obs]v]s are l$ to consid] ,flemi% pa9t+ fundam5tally mat]ial2 b a ?\ghtful analysis w reveal a spirituality 9 ! art q z s9c]e1 if n s obvi\s1 z 9 ! pa9t+ ( contempor>y ,italy4 ,9 ! e>ly ,s*ool1 ! pa9t+ 0 almo/ :olly religi\s1 & sc5es & actors 7 h&l$ ) rev]5ce & deep feel+4 8,! ,flem+s1 h[ev]1 inh]it$ f e>li] art a religi\s type to :i* !y clung ) great t5acity & :i* to ! mod]n eye is ugly4 ,! exagg]at$ly-dom$ =ehead ( ! ,madonna1 a symbol ( intellect to ! ,flem+1 is to ! mod]n a di/ortion4 ,simil>ly ! t9y m\?1 ! eyes almo/ )\t br[s1#bj & ! o!r features :i* ,flemi% symbolism dem&$1 are n[ some:at di/urb+ to ! eye4 ,:5 native realism & symbolism 7 c\pl$1 z 9 ! ov] reali/ic r5d]+ ( ! ascetic ,*ri/-,*ild1 ! effect is sometimes />tl+ to ! layman2 & ! beg9n] 9 ! /udy ( ,flemi% ,art %\ld bew>e ( mi/ak+ accid5ts ( conv5tion = arti/ic defects4 ,if ! conv5tions ( ,flemi% ,art make x at fir/ difficult to appreciate1 ! te*nical p]fection ( ! "w mu/ appeal to any "o4 ,oil-pa9t+1 p]fect$ if n necess>ily inv5t$ 9 ,fl&]s1 gave a ri*ness ( color & a lu/re ( surface :i* specially di/+ui%$ ! /yle4 ,! play & delicate gradation ( light ov] ri*ly-color$ surfaces 0 r5d]$ s skillfully t ! arti/s approa*$ ! expression ( a complete visual effect1 f9ally rea*$ 9 ,sev5te5? ,c5tury ,holl& 9 ! "w ( ,v]me]4--,m$ival & ,r5aissance ,pa9t+s 7,fogg ,art ,museum1 ,cambridge1 #aibg74 ,next 9 importance to ! ,van ,eycks comes ,rog] van d] ,weyd5 7#adjj8-adfd74 ,by #adcb ,rog] _h made a "n = himself1 = he _h become a ma/] pa9t] 9 ! ,t\rnay ,guild4 ,9 #adej he w5t to ,italy & seems to h visit$ ,cologne on 8 way home 7see page #aff74 ,! ,matre de ,flmalle 7,rob]t ,camp9871 :o %[$ a great int]e/ 9 /ill-life1 is ?\ght to h be5 ! ma/] ( ,rog] van d] ,weyd54 ,petrus ,*ri/us 7#adaj8-adgc71 a native ( ,ba]le1 ,holl&1 free citiz5 ( ,bruges 9 #addd1 is reg>d$ z "o ( ! ance/ors ( g5re pa9t+ 7see page #afi74 ,hans ,meml+ 7#adcj-e-adid71 a native ( ,holl&1 0 a suppos$ pupil ( ,rog] van d] ,weyd54 ,x is believ$ t ,rog] van d] ,weyd5 took ,meml+ ) him to ,italy 9 #adej4 ,meml+ 0 closely associat$ ) 8 ma/] ,rog] van d] ,weyd5 & sometimes pa9t$ ! w+-panels = ,rog]'s great alt>-pieces4 ,meml+'s *ief pa9t+ 0 done 9 ,bruges 7see page #agb74 ,ta9e ?us sums up ! ,flemi% ,primitives3 8,a ,flemi% ,r5aissance und]nea? ,*ri/ian ideas1 su*1 inde$1 is ! two-fold nature ( art "u ,hub]t & ,jan van ,eyck1 ,rog] van d] ,weyd51 ,meml+1 & ,qu5t9 ,massys2 & f ^! two *>act]i/ics proce$ all ! o!rs4 ,on ! "o h&1 arti/s take int]e/ 9 actual life2 _! figures are no long] symbols l ! illum9ations ( anci5t missals1 nor purifi$ spirits l ! ,madonnas ( ! ,s*ool ( ,cologne b liv+ be+s & bodies4 ,!y att5d to no anatomy1 ! p]spective is exact1 ! m9ute/ details are r5d]$ reg>d+ /uffs1 ar*itecture1 accessories1 & l&scape2 ! relief is /rong & ! entire sc5e /amps itself on ! eye & on ! m9d ) extraord9>y =ce & s5se ( /ability2 ! greate/ ma/]s ( com+ times are n to surpass !m 9 all ?is1 nor ev5 g s f>4 ,nature is n[ discov]$4 ,! scales fall f _! eyes2 !y h j ma/]$ almo/ 9 a fla%1 ! proportions1 ! /ructure1 & ! color+ ( visible realities2 &1 moreov]1 !y delight 9 !m4 ,consid] ! sup]b copes wr\ght 9 gold & b$eck$ ) diamonds1 ! embroid]$ silks1 ! fl[]$ & dazzl+ diadems ) :i* !y ornam5t _! sa9ts & div9e p]sonages1 all ( :om repres5t ! pomp ( ! ,burgundian ,c\rt4 ,look at ! calm & transp>5t wat]1 ! bright mead[s1 ! r$ & :ite fl[]s1 ! blossom+ trees & ! sunny di/ances ( _! admirable l&scapes4 ,obs]ve _! color+--! /ronge/ & ri*e/ ev] se51 ! pure & full tones side by side z 9 a ,p]sian c>pet & unit$ solely ?r\gh _! h>mony1 ! sup]b breaks 9 ! folds ( purple mantles1 ! deep azure ( long1 fall+ robes1 ! gre5 drap]ies l a summ] field p]meat$ ) sun%9e1 ! display ( gold skirts trimm$ ) black1 ! /rong light :i* w>ms & enliv5s ! :ole sc5e--& y h a conc]t 9 :i* ea* in/rum5t s\nds its prop] note4 ,!y see ! _w on ! bright side & make a holiday ( x1 a g5u9e fte1 simil> to ^? ( ?is day1 gl[+ "u a m b\nte\s sunlight & n a heav5ly ,j]usalem suffus$ ) sup]natural radiance su* z ,fra ,angelico pa9t$4 ,!y are ,flem+s & !y /ick to ! e>?40 ,contempor>y ) ,meml+ is ,hugo ,van d] ,goes 7#adcj-adhb71 "o ( ! la/ important figures 9 ! ,van ,eyck ,s*ool1 m celebrat$ 9 8 day ?an 9 ours1 b p[]ful & au/]e1 & pa9t] ( an alt>-piece 9 #adgf = ,tommaso ,port9>i1 :i* 0 plac$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,santa ,m>ia ,nuova 9 ,flor5ce & 0 greatly admir$ by ,ghirl&aio & ,pi]o di ,cosimo4 ,) ,g]>d ,david 7#adej-aebc71 a foll[] ( ,meml+ & ,massys1 we leave ! ,flemi% ,primitives = a _w ( new] ideas4 ,qu5t9 ,massys 7#adfj-aecj71 creator ( ! ,antw]p ,s*ool1 belongs to an int]m$iate epo*4 ,he is h]ald ( ! ,italianiate ,flem+s--,jan ,mabuse1 ,b]n>d van ,orley1 ,lamb]t ,lomb>d1 ,jan ,mo/rt1 ,bellegambe1 ,launcelot ,blondeel1 & o!rs--all ( :om1 dazzl$ by ! ,r5aissance1 tri$ to comb9e _! ,flemi% coldness ) ,italian grace4 ,"s ( !m liv$ to see ! triumph ( ,rub5s & ! rise ( ano!r ,s*ool4 ,pet] ,paul ,rub5s 7#aegg-afdj71 is ! recogniz$ head ( ! ,flemi% ,s*ool ( ,pa9t+4 ,8 p[] 0 felt ?r\gh\t ,europe & he _h m influ5ce on ta/e 9 ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury ?an any o!r arti/4 ,rub5s pa9t$ m ?an two ?\s& pictures & made ne>ly five hundr$ draw+s4 ,9 e /yle he prov$ himself a great ma/] 7see page #agf74 ,an?ony ,van ,dyck 7#aeii-afda7 /udi$ "u ,h5drik van ,bal5 & !n became assi/ant to & pupil ( ,rub5s4 ,aft] a long /ay 9 ,italy he return$ to ,antw]p & !nce settl$ 9 ,engl& :]e he became ,c\rt-,pa9t] to ,*>les ,i4 ,9 8 %ort life he pa9t$ ne>ly a ?\s& pictures & acquir$ su* pr(ici5cy 9 portraiture t he is rank$ among ! greate/ 9 ?is l9e 7see page #aha74 ,! important ,brueghel 7or ,breughel7 family af=ds an example ( h]$ity 9 pa9t+ & h[ 9 ! c\rse ( g5]ations !re 0 transition f ! old to ! new art4 ,piet] 7,peasant7 ,brueghel 7#aecj-af--87 receiv$ lessons f ,van ,orley & ,j]ome ,cck1 b 8 real ma/] 0 ! long dead ,j]ome ,bos*1 ^: fanta/ic works fasc9at$ him4 ,brueghel w5t to ,italy & 0 delight$ ) ! ,alp9e sc5]y2 b1 on 8 return he tri$ to pres]ve ! ,flemi% ideas t 7 fa/ dy+ "u ! ,italian cult4 ,he p]si/$ 9 portray+ ! famili> sc5es ( 8 boyhood & famili> humor\s situations4 ,!re=e1 he receiv$ ! sobriquets ( 8,peasant ,brueghel0 & 8,droll ,brueghel40 ,8 two sons 7 equally fam\s4 ,jan or 8,velvet ,brueghel0 7#aefh-afbe71 s-call$ f 8 fondness = we>+ velvet1 0 fam\s = 8 fl[]s2 & he frequ5tly pa9t$ g>l&s 9 ! pictures ( ,rub5s4 ,piet] ,brueghel 7#aegd-afcg71 s lov$ pa9t+ inf]nal sc5es t he 0 nicknam$ 8,hell-fire ,brueghel40 ,_! sons cont9u$ _! names & pr(essions until ! close ( ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 ,piet] ,p\rbus 7#aeaj-aehd7 & 8 son ,frans 7#aedj-aehj7 are among ! be/ portrait-pa9t]s ( ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury4 ,frans ,snyd]s 7#aegi-afeg7 /udi$ "u ,pet] ,brueghel & ,h5drik van ,bal51 became ! fri5d & associate ( ,rub5s1 & a brilliant & unsurpass$ pa9t] ( fruits & animals4 ,jacob ,jorda5s 7#aeic-afgh71 born 9 ,antw]p1 son ( a clo? m]*ant1 depict$ sc5es f dome/ic life & popul> fe/ivities4 ,he 0 a/oni%+ly able to r5d] mir? & jollity4 ,jorda5s is di/+ui%$ = 8 unre/ra9$ & boi/]\s humor & he (t5 repeat$ 8 some:at crazy home-conc]t1 8,z ! old ones s+1 s w ! "y ones twitt]40 ,jorda5s sometimes collaborat$ ) ,frans ,snyd]s1 ,jan ,fyt1 ,adria5 van ,utre*t1 & o!rs4 ,jorda5s 0 entirely ,flemi%1 absolutely unaffect$ by ! =eign influ5ces t *>m$ ,rub5s & ,van ,dyck4 ,david ,t5i]s ! ,y\ng] 7#afaj-afij7 is ! greate/ g5re pa9t] ( ! s\!rn ,ne!rl&s4 ,t5i]s is "o ( ^? ,flemi% pa9t]s :o 7 s\ght aft] 9 ,holl& dur+ _! lifetime4 ,?is may h aris5 f ! fact t he 0 closely alli$ ) ! ,dut* ,s*ool & ) ,br\w] :o liv$ & work$ 9 ,antw]p4 ,t5i]s 0 an indefatigable pa9t] & left m ?an eight hundr$ pictures1--inn-int]iors1 k]messes1 hawk+-p>ties1 dr9k]s1 bagpipe-play]s & o!r musicians1 8conv]sations10 b[l+-games1 kit*5s1 ,temptations ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 & monkey-sc5es4 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds admir$ him & said3 8,! works ( ,david ,t5i]s1 jun41 are wor?y ( ! close/ att5tion ( a pa9t] :o desires to excel 9 ! me*anical k ( 8 art4 ,8 mann] ( t\*+1 or :at we call h&l+1 has p]haps nev] be5 equall$3 !re is 9 8 pictures t exact mixture ( s(tness & %>pness :i* is difficult to execute40 ,"o ( ! be/ arti/s ( ! second p]iod ( ! ,antw]p ,s*ool is ,gonzales ,coques 7#afad-afhd71 a pa9t] ( int]iors ( elegance1 weal?1 gaiety1 & happy s]5ity1 & also portraits4 ,8 di/9ction he borr[s f ,van ,dyck & 8 color is inspir$ by ,rub5s4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! dim5sions ( 8 pictures & _! m9ut5ess ( detail & f9i%1 ,coques is rem9isc5t ( ! ,dut* ,s*ool1--p>ticul>ly ,t]bor* & ,metsu4 ,9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury !re is little pa9t+ to claim att5tion4 ,*>les ,blanc has put ! matt] mo/ succ9ctly3 8,= ! ,flemi% ,s*ool ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury is a long entr'acte dur+ :i* ! /age1 s nobly occupi$ ( old1 is sad & des]t$4 ,"h & !re an arti/ appe>s to rem9d u :at ,fl&]s 0 9 color & decoration = two c5turies4 ,france 0 triumph+ 9 _s & grace2 ,italy1 ?\gh decad5t1 0 /ill +5i\s & smil+2 ,engl& at la/ 0 produc+ orig9al ma/]s2 b ,fl&]s 0 asleep40 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,lady4 ,rog] van d] ,weyd5 7#adjj8-adfd74 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,?is v /rik+ portrait1 an oil pa9t+ on panel 7#ad #aj71 came f ! ,collection ( ! ,duke ( ,anhalt1 ,ducal ,ca/le ( ,dessau1 & 0 previ\sly 9 ! ,go?ic ,palace1 ,wrlitz1 ,g]many4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,lady --,rog] van d] ,weyd5 ,! subject is a ,flemi% lady ( high bir?4 ,%e is n beautiful1 b %e has an air ( great di/9ction4 ,h] half-figure is turn$ ?ree-qu>t]s to ! left & dress$ 9 a d>k robe ) a turn$-ov] coll>1 op5+ at ! ?roat1 :]e a transp>5t piece ( s(t1 :ite musl9 is arrang$ into a ,v-%ape1 & ov] ?is hangs a f9e gold *a94 ,a crimson girdle fa/5$ ) a gold clasp encircles h] wai/4 ,! hair is bru%$ back f ! =ehead1 or r ! =ehead is r5d]$ bald by ! fa%ionable /yle ( pluck+ out ! hair1 & cov]$ by a close-fitt+ cap1 compos$ ( int]lac$ b&s edg$ ) a black ribbon1 hold+ 9 place a ?9 veil2 & ov] ?is a transp>5t :ite 8wimple0 is p9n$ to ! cap1 pass+ ov] ! =ehead & fa/5$ at ! back :]e x spreads 9 a w+ on ei!r %\ld]4 ,! "r h& is plac$ ov] ! left1 presumably re/+ on a p>apet1 & a simple gold r+ is on a f+] ( ea* h&4 ,dr4 ,max ,fri$lnd] writes 9 ,mei/]w]ke d] ,ni$]lndis*5 ,mal]ei des ,,xv u4 ,,xvi ,jahrhund]ts auf d] ,aus/ellung zu ,brgge 7#aijb73 8,?is simple1 pr\d1 & v well pres]v$ portrait1 :i* has up to ! pres5t "t n receiv$ a great deal ( att5tion1 9 my e/imation appe>s to be *>act]i/ic ( ,rog] van d] ,weyd51 9 ! sev]e & some:at ,moori% outl9e ( ! face1 9 ! economic modell+ ( ! %ad[s1 & 9 ! draw+ ( ! lean h&s4 ,simil> wom5's portraits are 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london1 & 9 ,adolphe de ,ro?s*ild's ,collection 7f ! ,nieuw5huij's ,sale74 ,rog] van d] ,weyd51 or ,rogi] de la ,pa/ure1 ! son ( ,h5ri de la ,pa/ure1 0 born 9 #adjj 9 ,t\rnai1 :]e ! family _h be5 settl$ s9ce #abfj4 ,8 fa!r 0 a sculptor & gave ,rog] 8 fir/ tra9+4 ,next he 0 appr5tic$ to ! ,matre de ,flmalle 7,rob]t ,camp97 & lat] w5t to ,brussels to live4 ,"h he quickly ga9$ a great reputation1 = 9 #adcf he 0 appo9t$ pa9t] to ! city ( ,brussels4 ,:ile busy on 8 great ,la/ ,judgm5t1 commission$ by ,ni*olas ,rol9 = ! ,hospital at ,beaune 7a polypty*1 :i* has be5 class$ ) ! ,van ,eyck ,adoration ( ! ,lamb71 ,rog] w5t on a long trip to ,italy4 ,visit+ ,rome1 he greatly admir$ ! frescoes begun by ,g5tile da ,fabriano 9 ,/4 ,john ,lat]an4 ,he also w5t to ,flor5ce1 ,f]r>a1 &1 x is suppos$1 ,v5ice4 ,rog] pa9t$ a good deal 9 ,italy & ev5 _h ord]s4 ,among o!r ?+s he pa9t$ a ,madonna & ,*ild = ,cosimo de' ,m$ici4 ,rog] return$ home1 x is ?\ght1 by way ( ,cologne4 ,:ile on ?is trip1 ,rog] 0 commission$ by ,leonello d',e/e to pa9t a picture4 ,rog] van d] ,weyd5 left z mu* 9 ,italy z he br\ght home4 ,8 influ5ce is se5 9 _m ( ! contempor>y ,italians4 ,9 l mann]1 ! influ5ce ( ! ,italians appe>s 9 ! pictures t ,rog] van d] ,weyd5 pa9t$ on 8 return4 ,g]man arti/s1 too1 fell "u ! spell ( ,rog] van d] ,weyd51 p>ticul>ly ,m>t9 ,s*ngau]1 ! greate/ ,g]man pa9t] ( ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury4 ,rog] van d] ,weyd5 0 extremely v]satile3 he produc$ pa9t+s 9 oil & pa9t$ m9iatures1 design$ c>toons = tape/ry-weav]s1 & made wood-engrav+s4 ,fi]5s-,geva]t1 ! greate/ au?ority on ,flemi% ,primitives1 says ( ,rog] van d] ,weyd53 8,8 figures1 among :i* males pr$om9ate1 bo? 9 numb] & int]e/1 d n all possess ! impassibility sometimes attribut$ to !m4 ,_! beauty1 or _! moral significance1 is m]ely re/ra9$1 j l ! arti/'s own emotions4 ,bo? ne$ to be discov]$4 ,z = ! expression ( ! color1 ! novel tru? ( ! light1 ! pr(\nd feel+ ( ! l&scape--^! are ! inconte/able m]its 9 ! ,l\va9 pa9t]4 ,!y expla9 8 pr(\nd influ5ce ^u ,meml+1 ,g]>d ,david1 ,qu5t9 ,massys1 ! ,ma/] ( ! ,dea? ( ,m>y1 8 pre/ige ) ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury ,r5aissants1 & ! gr[+ admiration ( mod]n criticism = 8 g5ius40 ,rog] van d] ,weyd5 di$ 9 ,brussels1 ,june #af1 #adfd1 leav+ _m pupils & foll[]s1 ! mo/ notewor?y ( :om 0 ,hans ,meml+4 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,c>?usian ,,monk ,,z ,a ,,sa9t4 ,petrus ,*ri/us 7#adaj8-adgc74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,?is int]e/+ panel 7#h #aa in*es7 came to ,am]ica by way ( ,spa91 hav+ be5 9 ! ,collections ( ,don ,ramon de ,oms1 ,majorca1 & ! ,m>quis de ,dos ,aguas1 ,val5cia4 ,! picture is sign$ & dat$ #addf at ! base ( ! portrait1 bel[ a l$ge1 on :i* an insect is sl[ly walk+4 ,! id5tity ( ! subject & ! reason = ! pres5ce ( ! fly1 or gras%opp] 7or :atev] x is71 are equally unkn[n4 ,h[ev]1 we h "h a m>vell\s human docum5t1 :i* gr[s m amaz+ ! long] x is /udi$4 ,! portrait pres]ves ! p]sonality & features ( a /rong1 k9dly1 & int]e/+ man1 :o mu/ h be5 belov$ & honor$1 or he w\ld n h be5 repres5t$ ) a gold5 r+ ar\nd 8 head1 proclaim+ him a sa9t4 ,& ! pa9t] has done m ?an ?is3 he has ?r[n su* atmosph]e ar\nd ! man t ! int]e/+ life 9 ! old abbeys seems to rise be=e u4 ,we see ! picturesque build+s set 9 em]ald sw>ds & %ad$ by leafy trees1 & surr\nd$ by cloi/]s :]e ! monks take ex]cise1 or read 9 "s trac]i$ recess2 & we pe] into ! halls :]e ! arti/ic memb]s ( ! community are writ+1 compos+ music1 copy+1 or pa9t+ & illum9at+ beautiful m9iatures 9 manuscripts1 de/9$--al?\gh undream$ ( by ^! pa9t]s & gold-leaf work]s--to br+ ?\s&s ( doll>s at auction-sales five hundr$ ye>s 9 ! future & to be priz$ z treasures 9 a !n undiscov]$ c\ntry across ! ,atlantic ,ocean1 ^: wat]s 7 ?\ght by ^? v monks to break ^u ! %ores ( ,f> ,ca?ay6 ,our ,c>?usian ,monk1 9 8 :ite cassock1 c>ries u into ! ,*apel1 :]e we see him & o!rs ( 8 ,ord] 9 pray] at midnight1 at e>ly dawn1 or at ! vesp] h\r2 & aga9 ) him we /roll to ! ne>-by riv] 9 ! gold5 sunlight ( ! aft]noon & sit "u ! s(t will[s1 dangl+ a l9e f a long fi%+-pole until we h a suffici5t cat* = supp]4 ,on our return to ! abbey we notice h[ he>tily our ,c>?usian ,monk welcomes a gr\p ( arriv+ travell]s--= ! abbeys 7 ! ho/elries 9 ! ,middle ,ages--& we jo9 !m at supp] 9 ! refectory4 ,d\btless1 too1 our ,c>?usian gives u a petit v]re ( gold5 ,*>treuse ( 8 own mak+4 ,:ile ! rules 9 ! anci5t abbeys 7 rigid & inflexible & religion1 ( c\rse1 ! *ief bus9ess1 x 0 9 ^! seclud$ places t art & le>n+ 7 pres]v$ & fo/]$4 ,! _w to-day is apt to =get :at civilization owes to ! ,m$ival ,abbey1 & ,petrus ,*ri/us has br\ght ?is ,c>?usian ,monk to tell u some?+ ( :at t is4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,c>?usian ,,monk ,,z ,a ,,sa9t --,petrus ,*ri/us ,petrus ,*ri/us 0 born at ,ba]le1 on ! s\!rn bord] ( ,holl&1 9 #adaj 7x is ?\ght74 ,9 #addd he became a free citiz5 ( ,bruges &1 z he 0 a foll[] & probably a pupil ( ,jan van ,eyck & ,rog] van d] ,weyd51 he is class$ z belong+ to ! ,s*ool ( ,bruges4 ,petrus ,*ri/us pa9t$ religi\s pictures & portraits & is reg>d$ z "o ( ! direct ance/ors ( g5re pa9t+4 ,he di$ 9 #adgc4 ,( late ye>s 8 pictures h come into special prom95ce4 ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,angels4 ,hans ,meml+ 7#adcj-e-adid74 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,?is pa9t+1 an oil on panel 7#bc #ai in*es71 came f ! ,collection ( ! ,duke ( ,anhalt1 ,go?ic ,palace1 ,wrlitz1 ne> ,dessau1 ,g]many4 ,! ,virg9 9 a blue robe & r$ mantle is seat$ on a canopi$ ?rone1 beh9d :i* is an embroid]$ hang+4 ,h] eyes are look+ d[nw>d ^u a missal :i* %e holds 9 h] left h&4 ,on h] "r knee1 & support$ by h] "r arm1 is seat$ ! ,holy ,*ild1 :o rea*es out = an apple1 (f]$ to ,him by a kneel+ ,angel4 ,?is ,angel holds 9 8 left h& a viol & b[4 ,at ! "r1 ano!r kneel+ ,angel is play+ a h>p4 ,! sc5e is fram$ 9 a ,go?ic ar*1 flank$ on ei!r side by a circul> column1 ea* column support+ a s+le male figure 9 a sculptur$ ni*e3 on ! "r1 ,/4 ,simon ! ,apo/le is hold+ a saw1 & on ! left1 ! ,prophet ,david is hold+ a h>p4 ,on ea* sp&rel ( ! ar* a *]ub is hold+ a globe4 ,beyond ?is aga91 on ei!r side ( ! ?rone1 we see a l&scape ) a ca/le on ! left & a *ur* & riv] on ! "r4 ,9 ! =egr\nd !re is a tessellat$ floor cov]$ ) an ,ori5tal rug4 ,?is idea ( angels play+ in/rum5ts#ba ,meml+ may h le>n$ f ,italy4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon ,,madonna ,,& ,,*ild ,,) ,,angels --,hans ,meml+ ,hans ,meml+ 7or ,meml9c71 0 born 9 #adcj or #adce1 suppos$ly 9 ,memelynck 7:5ce 8 "n7 ne> ,alkma> 9 ,holl&4 ,tradition says t 8 family remov$ to ! diocese ( ,ma9z :5 he 0 fifte54 ,meml+ seems to h pa9t$ 9 ,cologne be=e he w5t to ,bruges ab\t #adfe1 :]e x is ?\ght he 0 a pupil ( ,rog] van d] ,weyd54 ,x is c]ta9 t he 0 a ma/] pa9t] 9 ,bruges 9 #adfg4 ,9 #adgi he pa9t$ 8 ma/]piece1 ,! ,m>riage ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 ord]$ by ,jan ,flore9s = ! ,/4 ,john's ,hospital1 ,bruges1 & also a small] tripty*1 ,! ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 = ! same build+4 ,ano!r great "w 0 ! ,%r9e ( ,/4 ,ursula1 ord]$ by ! ,hospital 9 #adhj to enclose "s relics ( ,/4 ,ursula br\ght f ! ,holy ,l&1--a m9iature ,go?ic *apel adorn$ ) f9ials1 /atuettes1 & m$allions repres5t+ episodes 9 ! life ( ,/4 ,ursula4 ,meml+ di$ 9 #adid 9 ,bruges1 :i* conta9s to-day a great numb] ( 8 works4 ,meml+1 9 common ) ! ,van ,eycks & ,rog] van d] ,weyd5 0 fond ( enamell+ 8 grassy sw>ds1 :]e ! p sit or walk1 ) beautifully pa9t$ fl[]s2 su* z ! daisy1 ! anemone1 & ! iris4 ,hans ,meml+ is ! mo/ attractive ( all ! pa9t]s ( ! ,ne!rl&i% ,s*ool1 ! mo/ human1 ! mo/ poetic1 mo/ graceful & ! t5d]e/1 m]g+1 z did ,fra ,angelico 7#achg-adee71 8 contempor>y1 f ,m$ival to ,r5aissance4 ,inde$ ,hans ,meml+ is (t5 call$ ! 8,flemi% ,fra ,angelico40 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,g5tleman4 ,hans ,meml+ 7#adcj-adid74 ,collection ( ,mrs4 ,john ,n4 ,willys4 ,"h we h ! portrait ( a "y g5tleman ne>ly full face1 & clad 9 a black d\blet :i* is op5 at ! neck %[+ a :ite l95 %irt ) a n>r[ black circul> b& ar\nd ! top4 ,on 8 head is a circul> black felt cap ) n>r[ brim4 ,! d5se masses ( 8 br[ni% r$ hair fall ov] 8 %\ld]s & completely cov] 8 =ehead to ! top ( 8 eyebr[s4 ,he has blue eyes & an int5sely ?\ghtful & s]i\s expression1 & he holds 9 8 left h& a scroll ( pap]1 :i* might seem to indicate t he is a poet4 ,! backgr\nd consi/s ( a woody l&scape1 & on ! left is a riv] ) two swans4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mrs4 ,john ,n4 ,willys ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,g5tleman --,hans ,meml+ ,dr4 ,max ,j4 ,fri$lnd]1 ( ,b]l91 aft] exam9+ ! picture wrote to ! pres5t own]3 8,i 0 greatly int]e/$ 9 ! ,meml+ portrait f ! ,taylor ,collection :i* ,i saw at y\r place4 ,x is positively a *>act]i/ic "w ( ! h& ( ! ,ma/]40 ,?is picture pa9t$ on panel 7#ac #i in*es7 came f ! ,john ,edw>d ,taylor ,collection1 ,london1 9 #aiab4 ,,l\is ,,xiii ,,k+ ,,( ,,france4 ,pet] ,paul ,rub5s 7#aegg-afdj74 ,collection ( ,sir ,joseph ,duve51 ,b>t4 ,?is int]e/+ oil pa9t+ on canvas 7#df #ch in*es7 came f ! ,collection ( ! ,emp]or ( ,g]many1 ,palace ( ,*>lott5burg ne> ,b]l91 & 0 orig9ally 9 ! ,collection ( ! ,ar*duke ,leopold ,william ( ,au/ria at ! ,ducal ,palace1 ,brussels4 ,x 0 pa9t$ betwe5 #afbb & #afbe1 & is suppos$ to be a companion to ! portrait ( ,anne ( ,au/ria 7n[ 9 ! ,prado74 ,l\is ,,xiii is repres5t$ ab\t ! age ( tw5ty-five1 life-size1 & ?ree-qu>t] l5g?1 look+ at ! obs]v] f a backgr\nd ( sky1 portico1 & r$ drap]y4 ,he has a slight m\/a*e & 8 hair is curl$ & falls d[n to ! f9e lace ruff ar\nd 8 neck4 ,he is dress$ 9 a poli%$ /eel suit ( armor & re/s 8 left h&1 we>+ a gauntlet1 on a table cov]$ by a clo?4 ,a m>%al's bton is 9 8 "r h&4 ,! ,cross ( ! ,ord] ( ! ,holy ,_s hangs f a ribbon at 8 "r side & on 8 left hangs a sword f a belt4 ,ov] 8 %\ld] is ?r[n a bright blue velvet & erm9e mantle embroid]$ ) fleur-de-lys & on ! table is se5 8 helmet surm\nt$ by ri* plumes ( o/ri* fea!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,sir ,joseph ,duve51 ,b>t4 ,,l\is ,,xiii1 ,,k+ ,,( ,,france --,pet] ,paul ,rub5s ,l\is ,,xiii1 son ( ,h5ri ,,iv & 8 second wife1 ,m>ie de' ,m$ici1 0 born 9 #afja & became k+ at ! age ( n9e1 on 8 fa!r's assass9ation 9 #afaj4 ,m>ie de' ,m$ici1 !n becom+ ,reg5t1 det]m9$ to br+ ,france into close relation ) ! ,h\se ( ,au/ria & ,spa91 &1 consequ5tly1 br\ght ab\t ! m>riage ( h] son 9 #afae ) ,anne ( ,au/ria1 daught] ( ! ,spani% ,k+1 ,philip ,,iii4 ,l\is does n seem to h inh]it$ any ( ! tal5ts ( ! ,m$ici family1 nor any ( ! da%+ *>m ( 8 fa!r1 ! gallant 8,k+ ,h5ry ( ,nav>re40 ,he acquiesc$ = a "t 9 8 "m's gov]nm5t & 9 ! rule ( h] favorites1 among :om ! ,m>%all d',ancre 0 notable2 b 9 #afag he _h ! latt] assass9at$ ) ! help ( ,*>les d',alb]t1 ,sieur de ,luynes4 ,?is caus$ a brea* betwe5 him & 8 "m & _! relations cont9u$ ho/ile until dea?4 ,9 #afbd ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu1 :o _h be5 ,m>ie de' ,m$ici's *ief advis]1 ent]$ into ! ,k+'s c\ncil1 &1 !reaft]1 ,ri*elieu direct$ ! policy ( ,france & controll$ ,l\is ,,xiii4 ,_m conflicts result$ betwe5 ! ,prote/ants & ! nobles ( ,france2 & ,l\is 0 made ! enemy ( 8 "m1 ,ga/on d',orlans 78 bro!r7 &1 frequ5tly1 ( 8 wife1 ,anne ( ,au/ria4 ,on "o occasion ! ,que5 ,"m & ,ga/on d',orlans ga9$ influ5ce ov] ,l\is & he 0 ab\t to dismiss ,ri*elieu2 b ! ,c>d9al rega9$ 8 p[] & imm$iately puni%$ 8 enemies4 ,! ,que5 ,"m 0 =c$ to flee to ,brussels & ,ga/on d',orlans to ,lorra9e4 ,t[>ds ! end ( 8 reign ,l\is is quot$ z hav+ said to ,ri*elieu3 8,we h liv$ toge!r too long to be sep>at$40 ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu di$ 9 ,decemb]1 #afdb1 & ,l\is di$ a few mon?s lat]1 9 ,may1 #afdc4 ,pet] ,paul ,rub5s 0 born 9 ,sieg51 ,we/phalia1 9 #aegg1 & receiv$ 8 fir/ education 9 ! ,jesuit ,college 9 ,antw]p1 &1 = a few ye>s1 !reaft]1 0 page to a noble lady4 ,at ! age ( ?irte5 he began to /udy pa9t+ "u ,tobias ,v]haagt1 :om he left to /udy "u ,adam van ,noort4 ,next he work$ "u ,otto van ,ve54 ,9 #afjj he w5t to ,italy1 ent]+ ! s]vice ( ,v9c5zo ,gonzaga1 ,duke ( ,mantua1 ) :om he rema9$ = eight ye>s1 int]rupt$ by missions to v>i\s c\rts4 ,9 #afjc he visit$ ,madrid & w5t to ,v5ice1 ,rome1 & ,g5oa4 ,9 #afji1 on ! dea? ( ! ,duke ( ,mantua1 ,rub5s return$ to ,antw]p & became ,c\rt-,pa9t] to ,alb]t & ,isabella1 ,reg5ts ( ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,9 t ye> also ,rub5s m>ri$ ,isabella ,br&t4 ,8 /udio at ,antw]p n[ became fam\s & attract$ /ud5ts f e t[n 9 ,europe4 ,he _h b>ely e/abli%$ himself :5 he wrote to a fri5d 9 #afaa3 8,on e side ,i am ov]:elm$ ) solicitations4 ,)\t ! lea/ exagg]ation1 ,i may assure y t ,i h already _h to refuse m ?an a hundr$ pupils40 ,9 #afba ,rub5s 0 call$ by ,m>ie de' ,m$ici to ,p>is to decorate ! gall]y 9 ! ,palace ( ! ,luxemb\rg4 ,at ?is p]iod ! /yle ,rub5s1 :i* he introduc$ on 8 return f ,italy & :i* 0 inspir$ by ! late ,italian ,r5aissance1 0 all ! rage4 ,9 #afbb he publi%$ a book on ! ,palaces ( ,g5oa2 & f ! preface we le>n t he 0 p]fectly delight$ to see ! 8old /yle kn[n z b>b>\s1 or ,go?ic1 g out ( fa%ion1 to ! great honor ( ! c\ntry1 & disappe> f ,fl&]s1 giv+ place to symmetrical build+s design$ by m5 ( bett] ta/e & con=m+ to ! rules ( ! ,greek & ,roman antique40 ,rub5s 0 a favorite ) sev]al k+s & :5 he 0 nei!r pa9t+ nor tea*+1 he 0 visit+ "s =eign c\rt on an embassy4 ,on "o ( ^! visits to ,london 9 #afbi-cj he 0 knight$ by ,*>les ,i4 ,9 #afcj he m>ri$ aga9 7,isabella ,br&t hav+ di$ 9 #afbf71 unit+ himself to 8 fir/ wife's niece1 ,hel5a ,f\rm5t1 :o 0 b sixte54 ,rub5s n[ built a palatial h\se 9 ,antw]p1 :]e1 z well z 9 8 ,*teau de ,/e5 9 ! vic9ity1 he liv$ a happy1 indu/ri\s1 & spl5did life1 hav+ ev]y?+ ! _w c\ld give 9 ! way ( honors & joys4 ,rub5s's influ5ce ^u ! arti/s ( 8 own "t 0 v great & he dom9at$ ! entire art ta/e ( ,europe dur+ ! fir/ ?ree qu>t]s ( ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 ,religi\s subjects1 my?ological subjects1 l&scapes1 hunt+ sc5es1 portraits1 & /ill-life1--ev]y?+ came easily to 8 bru%4 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds wrote a f9e analysis ( ,rub5s1 9 :i* he says3 8,! /rik+ brilliancy ( 8 colors1 & _! lively opposition to ea* o!r1 ! fl[+ lib]ty & fre$om ( 8 outl9e1 ! animat$ p5cil ) :i* e object is t\*$1 all contribute to awak5 & keep alive ! att5tion ( ! spectator2 awak5 9 him1 9 "s measure1 correspond5t s5sations1 & make him feel a degree ( t en?usiasm ) :i* ! pa9t] 0 c>ri$ away4 ,to ?is we may add ! complete uni=mity 9 all ! p>ts ( ! "w1 s t ! :ole seems to be conduct$ & gr[ out ( "o m9d3 ev]y?+ is ( a piece & fits its place4 8,besides ! excell5cy ( ,rub5s 9 ^! g5]al p[]s1 he possess$ ! true art ( imitat+4 ,he saw ! objects ( nature ) a pa9t]'s eye2 he saw at once ! pr$om9ant feature by :i* e object is kn[n & di/+ui%$2 & z soon z se51 x 0 execut$ ) a facility t is a/oni%+4 ,rub5s 01 p]haps1 ! greate/ ma/] 9 ! me*anical "p ( ! art1 ! be/ workman ) 8 tools1 t ev] ex]cis$ a p5cil4 8,?is p[] :i* ,rub5s possess$ 9 ! highe/ degree enabl$ him to repres5t :atev] he und]took bett] ?an any o!r pa9t]4 ,8 animals1 p>ticul>ly lions & horses1 are s admirable t x may be said !y 7 nev] prop]ly repres5t$ b by him4 ,8 portraits rank ) ! be/ works ( ! pa9t]s :o h made t bran* ( art ! sole bus9ess ( _! lives2 & ( ^? he has left a great v>iety ( specim5s4 ,! same may be said ( 8 l&scapes4 8,! diff]5ce ( ! mann] ( ,rub5s f t ( any o!r pa9t] be=e him is 9 no?+ m di/+ui%able ?an 9 8 color+1 :i* is totally diff]5t f t ( ,titian1 ,correggio1 or any ( ! great colori/s4 ,! effect ( 8 pictures may be n improp]ly comp>$ to clu/]s ( fl[]s2 all 8 colors appe> z cle> & z beautiful2 at ! same "t he has avoid$ t tawdry effect :i* "o w\ld expect su* gay colors to produce2 9 ?is respect resembl+ ,b>occi m ?an any o!r pa9t]4 ,:at 0 said ( an anci5t pa9t] may be appli$ to ^? two arti/s1 t _! figures look z if !y f$ ^u roses40 ,,r9aldo ,,& ,,armida4 ,sir ,an?ony ,van ,dyck 7#aeii-afda74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jacob ,ep/e94 ,?is picture1 oils on canvas 7#ij #if in*es71 came f ! ,collection ( ! ,duke ( ,newca/le1 ,clumb] ,p>k1 ,nott+ham%ire1 to its pres5t home 9 ,baltimore4 ,r9aldo is 9 %9+1 silv]-blue armor ) a fl[+ mantle ( gold5 yell[1 :i* is clasp$ at ! %\ld]4 ,armida we>s a blue robe & a r$ mantle4 ,! sky is blue ) :ite cl\ds & !re is a tree 9 ! backgr\nd & an en*ant$ lake at ! "r4 ,! influ5ce ( ,van ,dyck's ma/]1 ,rub5s1 is v app>5t 9 ?is gorge\s picture1 :]e all ! delights ( ! ,g>d5 ( ,armida are set =?--t magic g>d5 t ,tasso describ$ 9 8 ,j]usalem ,deliv]$1 to :i* _m a ,crusad] 0 lur$4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jacob ,ep/e9 ,,r9aldo ,,& ,,armida --,sir ,an?ony ,van ,dyck ,ano!r ,r9aldo & ,armida by ,van ,dyck is 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,armida 0 a beautiful sorc]ess2 & x 0 difficult to resi/ h] en*antm5t4 ,two mess5g]s 7 s5t f ! ,*ri/ian ,army ) a talisman to effect ,r9aldo's escape4 ,armida foll[$ ,r9aldo &1 n be+ able to rega9 h] p[] ov] him1 ru%$ into ! combat & 0 kill$4 ,r9aldo came ( ! noble ,e/e family & ran away at ! age ( fifte5 to jo9 ! ,crusad]s4 ,he 0 enroll$ 9 ! 8,adv5tur]s ,squadron0 & is (t5 call$ ! 8,a*illes ( ! ,*ri/ian ,army40 ,an?ony1 or ,antoon1 van ,dyck1 0 born at ,antw]p 9 #aeii1 son ( a silk-m]*ant4 ,at ! age ( t5 he became ! pupil ( ,h5rik van ,bal5 & ent]$ ,rub5s's /udio z assi/ant 9 #afah1 :5 only sev5te54 ,he soon a*iev$ a reputation = 8 portraits & visit$ ,engl&4 ,9 #afba1 by ,rub5s's advice1 he w5t to ,italy1 hav+ already acquir$ a reputation4 ,aft] a five ye>s' /ay1 mu* ( :i* "t 0 sp5t 9 ,g5oa1 ,van ,dyck return$ home & pa9t$ 8 celebrat$ picture ( ! ,crucifixion = ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,mi*ael 9 ,gh5t1 :i* e/abli%$ 8 reputation4 ,9 #afcj he aga9 visit$ ,engl&2 b1 n meet+ ) ! reception he _h anticipat$1 he return$ to ,antw]p4 ,h[ev]1 9 #afcb1 ,*>les ,i1 :o _h se5 a portrait ( 8 ,*apelma/] by ,van ,dyck1 s5t = him to come to ,engl&4 ,on ?is occasion ! pa9t] 0 w>mly welcom$1 lodg$ by ! ,k+ at ,blackfri>s1 &1 9 ! foll[+ ye> 0 knight$ & giv5 a p5sion = life4 ,van ,dyck 0 ! second pa9t] to h an ,engli% ,knigh?ood4 ,!nce=w>d ,van ,dyck liv$ v gr&ly1 hav+ a t[n h\se & also a c\ntry h\se at ,el?am4 ,he 0 always magnific5tly dress$1 _h num]\s coa*es & horses1 & kept s good a table t few pr9ces 7 bett] s]v$4 ,van ,dyck di$ 9 ,london 9 #afda1 at ! age ( =ty-two1 hav+ left a prodigi\s am\nt ( "w & a =tune ( #bj1jjj /]l+1 not)/&+ 8 exp5sive mann] ( liv+4 ,he 0 buri$ 9 ,old ,/4 ,paul's1 ne> ! tomb ( ,john ( ,gaunt2 b 8 rema9s1 ( c\rse1 p]i%$ 9 ! ,great ,fire ( #afff4 ,9 ! %ort span ( 8 life--=ty-two ye>s--he pa9t$ ne>ly a ?\s& pictures4 ,van ,dyck has ?ree /yles4 ,! fir/ is 8 ,italian p]iod2 ! second1 8 ,flemi% p]iod1 dat+ f 8 return f ,italy 9 #afbf to 8 dep>ture = ,engl& 9 #afca2 & ! ?ird1 8 ,engli% p]iod1 f #afca to #afda4 ,! latt] p]iod is ! greate/ & ! mo/ di/+ui%$ = grace1 elegance1 & ari/ocratic quality4 8,m noble ?an ,rub5s 9 8 *oice ( =m10 writes ,*>les ,blanc1 8,van ,dyck _h few] faults ?an 8 ma/]1 b p]haps also less gr&eur4 ,8 color 0 z *>m+ )\t be+ s spl5did4 ,8 design 0 le>n$1 b )\t p$antry2 & 8 cont\rs 7 always gov]n$ by ! s5tim5t ( grace1 or fire ( g5ius4 ,v ne>ly ! equal ( ,titian 9 portraiture1 ,van ,dyck has sometimes ris5 to a great height 9 8 hi/orical compositions1 9 :i* ! beauty ( ! expression is (t5 z admirable z ! excell5ce ( ! t\*40 ,d,,dalus ,,& ,,ic>us4 ,sir ,an?ony ,van ,dyck 7#aeii-afda74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,frank ,p4 ,wood4 ,a treasure ( art1 long 9 ,engl& 9 ! fam\s ,collection ( ! late ,e>l ,sp5c]1 ,k4 ,g41 at ,al?orp1 ,nor?umb]l&1 is ,van ,dyck's poetic v]sion ( ! anci5t ,greek my? reg>d+ man's attempt at flight4 ,van ,dyck 0 s fond ( ?is subject t he pa9t$ x m ?an once4 ,?is "w is an oil pa9t+ on canvas 7#df #ce in*es74 ,! figures are ne>ly life-size & v f9ely modell$4 ,ic>us is nude save = a r$ drap]y caught ar\nd ! wai/ by a n>r[ b& ( blui% gre51--a r /range aviator's suit to our way ( ?9k+ to-day6 ,! position ( 8 "r h& w\ld seem to tell u t ,ic>us is ab\t to speak to 8 fa!r1 :o1 /&+ beh9d him1 has app>5tly j fa/5$ on 8 son's w+s & :o appe>s to be giv+ him t sage advice ab\t fly+ too ne> ! sun4 ,! fla%+ eyes & knitt$ br[ ( "y ,ic>us indicate t ?is advice is n reli%$4 ,max ,rooses has not$ t ,ic>us is n unlike ! ,angels t ,van ,dyck 0 fond ( pa9t+2 calls att5tion to 8 beautiful1 wav+1 gold5 hair2 & f9ds a /rong lik5ess betwe5 ,ic>us & ! arti/ himself 9 8 y\?4 ,"o ( ! w+s %[s a :ite int]ior & ! o!r1 9 ! %ad[1 a blui% gre5 ext]ior4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,frank ,p4 ,wood ,d,,dalus ,,& ,,ic>us --,sir ,an?ony ,van ,dyck ,ddalus 0 a my?ical p]sonage "u :om ! ,greek writ]s p]sonifi$ ! e>lie/ developm5t ( human flight & also ! arts ( sculpture & ar*itecture4 ,"s traditions repres5t ,ddalus z ( ! royal race ( ! ,ere*?id & o!rs make him a ,cretan4 ,ddalus devot$ himself to sculpture & taught 8 si/]'s son1 ,talus1 :o soon surpass$ him4 ,consequ5tly1 9 envy ,ddalus kill$ ?is "y rival4 ,condemn$ to dea? 9 ,a!ns = ?is murd]1 ,ddalus fl$ to ,crete1 :]e 8 fame won him ! fri5d%ip ( ,k+ ,m9os4 ,:5 ,que5 ,pasiphae gave bir? to ! ,m9otaur1 ,ddalus con/ruct$ ! ,labyr9? at ,cnossus 9 :i* ! ,m9otaur 0 kept2 & = do+ ?is ,k+ ,m9os imprison$ him4 ,h[ev]1 ,pasiphae releas$ him4 ,?is 0 ( n mu* advantage1 h[ev]1 because ,k+ ,m9os _h seiz$ all ! %ips on ! coa/ ( ,crete4 8,necessity is ! "m ( inv5tion30 ,ddalus _h to get away4 ,! "q 0 8h[804 ,! result 0 t ,ddalus made w+s = himself & = 8 son1 ,ic>us1 & fa/5$ !m on ! %\ld]s ) wax1 caution+ ! y\? n to fly too close to ! sun4 ,ic>us w\ld n pay att5tion to ?is advice &1 fly+ too high1 ! wax melt$ & he dropp$ d[n & 0 dr[n$ 9 t "p ( ! gean ,sea1 :i* is n[ call$ aft] him ! ,ic>ian ,sea4 ,ddalus1 h[ev]1 flew safely ov] ! gean & rea*$ ,sicily1 :]e he 0 protect$ by ,cocalus1 ,k+ ( t ,isl&4 ,:5 ,k+ ,m9os he>d :]e ,ddalus _h tak5 refuge he sail$ ) a great fleet to ,sicily2 b 0 murd]$ !re by ,cocalus4 ,accord+ to "s acc\nts1 ,ddalus alight$ on 8 flight f ,crete at ,cum 9 ,italy1 :]e he erect$ a temple to ,apollo 9 :i* he (f]$ ! w+s ) :i* he _h fl[n4 ,l ,l9db]g1 8 desc5dant1 he plac$ 8 8,we0 9 a museum6 ,_m works ( art 7 attribut$ to ,ddalus 9 ,greece1 ,italy1 ,egypt1 & ! isl&s ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,also ! ,greeks gave ! "n ( ,ddala to ! anci5t wood5 /atues ( ! gods ornam5t$ ) gild+1 bright colors1 & real drap]y4 ,x is appropriate to add "h a sonnet by an old ,fr5* poet1 ,philippe ,desportes 7#aede-afjf7 entitl$ 8,ic>e03 ,,ic>e ,ic>e e/ *ut ici1 le jeune audacieux1 ,qui p\r vol] au ciel eut assez de c\rage3 ,ici tomba son corps dg>ni de plumage1 ,laissant t\s braves curs de sa *ute envieux4 ,o bi5heureux travail d'un esprit glorieux1 ,qui tire un gr& ga9 d'un si petit dommage6 ,o bi5heureux malheur ple9 de tant d'avantage1 ,qu'il r5de le va9cu des ans victorieux6 ,un *em9 si n\veau n'tonna sa jeunesse1 ,le p\voir lui faillit1 mais non le h>diesse2 ,il eut p\r le brl] des a/res le plus beau2 ,il m\rut p\rsuivant une haute av5ture2 ,le ciel fut son dsir1 la m] sa spulture2 ,e/-il plus beau desse91 ou plus ri*e tombeau8 ,,rob]t ,,ri*1 ,,e>l ,,( ,,w>wick4 ,sir ,an?ony ,van ,dyck 7#aeii-afda74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,9 silv] d\blet ) sla%$ sleeves embroid]$ ) fl[]s1 crimson knee-bree*es edg$ ) gold braid1 p9k silk /ock+s & :ite %oes ) lace rosettes 7or 8%oe roses10 z !y 7 call$ 9 ^? days71 a crimson cloak ?r[n ov] 8 left %\ld] & held by 8 glov$ h&1 :ite lawn coll> & cuffs edg$ ) h&some lace1 ,rob]t ,ri*1 ,e>l ( ,w>wick1 /&s be=e u1 a picture ( elegance1 manly beauty1 & ari/ocratic hauteur4 ,he is /&+ full front ) 8 head turn$ ?ree-qu>t]s to ! left1 9 :i* direction he is also look+1 & he is hold+ 8 black felt hat 9 8 "r h&4 ,8 armor & bton ( comm& are ly+ on ! gr\nd by 8 side4 ,! embroid]$ curta9 9 ! backgr\nd does n prev5t u f see+ a naval engagem5t on 8 "r4 ,rob]t ,ri*1 ,e>l ( ,w>wick1 came ( v di/+ui%$ ance/ry on ! mat]nal l9e1 = 8 "m 0 ,p5elope ,dev]eux1 ! si/] ( ,essex1 ^: "m1 ,lettice ,knollys1 _h be5 ,maid ( ,honor to ,que5 ,elizabe? 7& :o captivat$ ! ,e>l ( ,leice/]71 & ^: fa!r1 ,walt] ,dev]eux1 0 fir/ ,e>l ( ,essex 7di$ #aegf74 ,p5elope's fa!r _h wi%$ h] to m>ry ,sir ,philip ,sidney2 b ! ,e>l ( ,hunt+don1 ,p5elope's gu>dian1 rul$ o!rwise & =c$ h] to m>ry ,"l ,ri*1 8a man ( indep5d5t =tune & a kn[n e/ate b o!rwise ( an unc\rtly disposition1 unsociable1 au/]e1 & ( no agreeable conv]sation to h]40 ,lady ,ri*1 ! mo/ beautiful woman 9 all ,london1 p>ticul>ly fam\s = h] sp>kl+ black eyes1 plung$ wildly into society & 0 ! mo/ admir$ & c\rt$ woman ( ! ,c\rt4 ,%e play$1 too1 a lead+ "p 9 ! rebellion ( h] di/+ui%$ bro!r1 ,essex4 ,lady ,ri* lives 9 lit]ature z ,sidney's ,/ella4 ,! romance betwe5 ^! lov]s1 8,a/rophel & ,/ella10 nev] cool$4 ,:5 ,sidney le>n$ ( ,p5elope's m>riage to 8! ri* ,"l ,ri*10 he play$ ) h] new "n z foll[s3 8,t[>ds ,aurora's c\rt a nymph do? dwell1 ,ri* 9 all beauties :i* man's eye c see2 ,beauties s f> f rea* ( words t we ,abase h] praise say+ %e do? excel3 ,ri* 9 ^? gifts :i* give ! et]nal cr[n2 ,:o1 ?\gh mo/ ri* 9 ^! & e "p ,:i* makes ! pat5ts ( true worldly bliss1 ,ha? no mis=tune b t ,ri* %e is40 ,"l ,ri* 0 creat$ ,e>l ( ,w>wick 9 #afah2 b he _h be5 divorc$ f ,lady ,ri* 9 #afje1 ?irte5 ye>s be=e he succe$$ to ?is title4 ,on obta9+ h] divorce ,lady ,ri* !n m>ri$ ,*>les ,bl\nt1 ,e>l ( ,devon%ire & eigh? ,b>on ,m\ntjoy1 :o1 9 def5se ( 8 m>riage1 wrote ! foll[+3 8,a lady ( great bir? & virtue be+ 9 ! p[] ( h] fri5ds1 0 by !m m>ri$ aga9/ h] w unto "o aga9/ :om %e did prote/ at ! v solemnity & ev] aft]2 betwe5 :om1 f ! fir/ day1 !re ensu$ cont9u$ discord1 al?\gh ! same fe>s t =c$ h] to m>ry con/ra9$ h] to live ) him4 ,in/ead ( a com=t]1 he did /udy 9 all ?+s to torm5t h]2 & by fe> & fraud1 did practice to deceive h] ( h] d[ry40 ,sidney 0 always writ+ ( ,/ella's m>vell\s black eyes & _! %9+ rays3 8,:5 nature made h] *ief "w1 ,/ella's eyes1 ,9 color black1 :y wrapt %e beams s bright8 ,w\ld %e 9 beauty black1 l pa9t] wise1 ,fame da9tie/ lu/re1 mixt ( %ades & light8 ,or did %e else t sob] hue devise ,9 object be/ to knit & /r5g? our sight2 ,lea/1 if no veil ^! brave gleams did disguise1 ,!y1 sunlike1 %\ld m dazzle ?an delight8 ,or w\ld %e h] miracul\s p[] %[1 ,t1 :]eas black seems ,beauty's contr>y1 ,%e ev5 9 black do? make all beauties fl[8 ,bo? s1 & ?us--%e1 m9d+ ,love %\ld be ,plac$ ev5 !re1 gave 8 ?is m\rn+ we$ ,to honor all _! dea?s :o = h] ble$40 ,!re is e reason1 !re=e1 :y ! subject ( ?is picture %\ld be s h&some1 s di/+ui%$1 & s fasc9at+4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e ,,rob]t ,,ri*1 ,,e>l ,,( ,,w>wick --,sir ,an?ony ,van ,dyck ,rob]t ,ri* 0 born 9 #aehg & 0 admitt$ to ,emmanuel ,college1 ,cambridge1 9 #afjc & 9 t ye> 0 creat$ a ,knight ( ! ,ba?4 ,he 0 q old en\gh to h rememb]$ ! excit+ days ( ! ,essex conspiracy1 ! "p 8 "m took 9 ?is1 h] imprisonm5t & release1 & 8 uncle's execution 9 #afja4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-?ree he 0 elect$ to ,p>liam5t & 0 aga9 elect$ 9 #afad4 ,9 #afai he succe$$ to ! title4 ,rob]t ,ri* 0 "o ( ! orig9al memb]s ( ! ,company = ! ,plantation ( ! ,b]mudas 9 #afad & 0 grant$ a seat on ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,new ,engl& ,company 9 #afbj1 :i* two great ent]prises connect ?is h&some "l ) our own c\ntry4 ,also 9 #afbd ,rob]t ,ri* 0 made a memb] ( ! ,c\ncil ( ! ,virg9ia ,gov]nm5t4 ,yet ?is 0 n all4 ,w>wick's ,colonial int]e/s br\ght him into close relation ) ! lead+ m5 ( ! ,puritan ,p>ty & l9k 8 "n ) ! e>ly hi/ory ( ! ,new ,engl& ,colonies4 ,he 0 closely associat$ ) ! orig9 ( ,connecticut1 = 9 #afcb he grant$ to ,"l ,say1 ,"l ,brooke1 ,john ,hampd51 & o!rs :at is kn[n z 8! old pat5t ( ,connecticut10 "u :i* ! t[n ( ,saybrook 7nam$ = ,"l ,say & ,"l ,brooke7 0 f\nd$4 ,9 ,engli% politics ,w>wick oppos$ ! policy ( ,*>les ,i &1 consequ5tly1 aft] ! dissolution ( ! ,%ort ,p>liam5t1 he 0 arre/$ by ! ,k+'s ord]4 ,z temporal head ( ! ,puritans & oppos$ to ! p>ty 9 ! ,e/abli%$ ,*ur* l$ by ,ar*bi%op ,laud1 ,w>wick concurr$ 9 ! prosecution ( ,ar*bi%op ,laud & ! ,e>l ( ,/raf=d4 ,9 #afdc ,w>wick 0 appo9t$ ,"l ,high ,admiral ( ! ,fleet1 s]v+ ,p>liam5t 9 opposition to ,*>les ,i1 & he bore ! title ( ,gov]nor-9-,*ief ( all ! isl&s & o!r plantations subject to ! ,engli% ,cr[n1 on :i* au?ority he became associat$ ) ! f\nd+ ( ! ,colony ( ,rhode ,isl&4 ,aft] ! mon>*y & ! ,h\se ( ,lords _h bo? be5 swept away1 ! ,e>l ( ,w>wick gave 8 support & enc\ragem5t to ,oliv] ,cromwell4 ,! m>riage ( ,cromwell's daught] to ,w>wick's gr&son proves ! /r5g? ( ! fri5d%ip4 ,! ,e>l ( ,w>wick di$ on ,april #ai1 #afeh1 & 0 buri$ at ,fel/$1 ,essex4 ,he _h be5 ?ree times m>ri$4 ,?is picture1 9 oils on canvas 7#hc #di in*es71 belong$ 9 ! ,collection ( ! ,m>quess ( ,breadalbane1 ,taym\? ,ca/le1 ,scotl&1 & to ! ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,rob]t ,baillie-,hamilton1 ,langton1 ,duns1 ,scotl&4 ,,que5 ,,h5rietta ,,m>ia ,,) ,,jeffrey ,,hudson ,,& ,a ,,monkey4 ,sir ,an?ony ,van ,dyck 7#aeii-afda74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,william ,r&olph ,he>/4 ,?is full-l5g? portrait 9 oils on canvas 7#he #eb in*es7 0 pa9t$ 9 #afcc1 ! ye> t ,van ,dyck 0 knight$ & :5 he _h be5 ab\t a ye> 9 ! s]vice ( ,*>les ,i4 ,its p$igree is int]e/+4 ,! pa9t+ 0 9 ! possession ( ! ,newports1 ,e>ls ,brad=d ( ! fir/ creation1 & 0 left 9 #agfb1 on ! dea? ( ! fif? ,e>l1 to 8 si/]1 ,diana1 ,c\ntess ( ,m\ntra?4 ,f ! ,c\ntess ( ,m\ntra? x desc5d$ to h] son1 ! la/ ,e>l ( ,m\ntra?1 & f him to ! fir/ ,e>l ( ,dor*e/]1 ( ,milton ,abbey1 :]e x rema9$ until remov$ by ! ,e>l ( ,port>l+ton to ,emo ,p>k1 ,que5's ,c\nty1 ,irel&4 ,9 #ahha ,?omas ,george1 fir/ ,e>l ( ,nor?brook1 acquir$ x by ex*ange f ! ,e>l ( ,port>l+ton2 & f ! latt] x 0 inh]it$ by ,francis ,george1 ! second ,e>l ( ,nor?brook1 :5ce x came to ! pres5t own]4 ,! ,que5 ( ,*>les ,i1 pr\d & h&some1 is v ,fr5* & ,italian 9 g5]al /yle2 = be x rememb]$ t ,h5rietta ,m>ia 0 ! daught] ( ! gallant ,k+ ,h5ry ( ,nav>re & 8 second wife1 ,m>ie de' ,m$ici1 & t %e 01 consequ5tly1 ! si/] ( ,l\is ,,xiii 7see page #agf74 ,! ,que5 has br[n hair curl$ 9 8r+lets0 & "o 8r+let0 falls on h] %\ld]4 ,h] face is oval & delicate & h] eyes are br[n4 ,%e is /&+ at full l5g? on a /ep ) h] head slightly turn$ to ! left1 dress$ 9 a blue silk g[n 7( ! %ade we n[ call 8,alice blue071 trimm$ ) n>r[ gold braid1 & a l>ge black felt hat ) a :ite plume1 lace coll> & a k]*ief ov] h] %\ld]s ) two p9k b[s 9 front4 ,beautifully pa9t$ frills ( lace adorn ! elb[ sleeves4 ,) h] left h& %e t\*es a /iff fold 9 h] dress & ) h] "r h& %e c>esses a little br[n monkey p]*$ on ! %\ld] ( ,jeffrey ,hudson1 ! fam\s dw>f4 ,! little dw>f is ab\t ?irte5 ye>s ( age & is mu* "u size4 ,he has light hair & ! slightly wiz5$ face t usually goes ) ?is k9d ( freak4 ,inde$ our little ,jeffrey looks n unlike ! pictures ( ! fam\s 8,g54 ,tom ,?umb0 ( ,b>num days 9 ! mid-,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,jeffrey ,hudson we>s a suit ( brick-du/ r$ velvet1 a lace coll>1 & long1 br[n boots4 ,9 ! backgr\nd1 to ! left1 !re is a /one wall & ^u x a fl[]-pot hold+ an orange tree1 & f>!r away we note "s trees &1 /ill f>!r beyond1 ! sky4 ,to ! "r ( ! flut$ pill> on ! "r1 !re is a sort ( l$ge or %elf cov]$ ) a brilliant orange silk curta9 on :i* re/s a cr[n ( gold /udd$ ) pe>ls1 :i* in=ms u ( ! pres5ce ( ,royalty4 ,que5 ,h5rietta ,m>ia 0 born 9 #afji1 ! ye> be=e h] fa!r1 ,h5ri ,,iv1 ,k+ ( ,france1 0 assass9at$4 ,9 #afbd1 :5 %e 0 ab\t fifte51 ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales (f]$ m>riage2 & ?is 0 cons5t$ to by h] bro!r1 ,l\is ,,xiii1 on condition t ! ,engli% ,roman ,ca?olics %\ld be reliev$ f ! en=cem5t ( ! p5al laws4 ,9 ,june1 #afbe1 ,h5rietta ,m>ia 0 m>ri$ by proxy & w5t to ,engl&1 ?us encumb]$ ) political & religi\s pl$ges t 7 c]ta9 to br+ unpopul>ity ^u ev]ybody conc]n$4 ,! ,pr9ce ( ,wales _h n[ become ,k+ ( ,engl& & he soon f\nd an excuse = break+ 8 promise to relieve ! ,engli% ,roman ,ca?olics4 ,?is c\rse ( action (f5d$ ! ,que5 deeply4 ,! e>ly ye>s ( ,*>les's m>ri$ life 7 v unhappy & ! favorite1 ! da%+ ,buck+ham1 fann$ ! flames ( ! ,k+'s discont5t4 ,aft] ! assass9ation ( ,buck+ham 9 #afbh1 ! ,k+ & ,que5 became deeply atta*$ to ea* o!r2 & f t mom5t ! bond ( affection t unit$ !m 0 nev] loos5$4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,william ,r&olph ,he>/ ,,que5 ,,h5rietta ,,m>ia ,,) ,,jeffrey ,,hudson ,,& ,a ,,monkey --,sir ,an?ony ,van ,dyck ,= a numb] ( ye>s ,h5rietta ,m>ia's *ief int]e/s lay ) h] "y family4 ,h] *ildr5 73 ,*>les ,,ii 7born #afcj72 ,m>y1 ,pr9cess ( ,orange 7born #afca72 ,james1 ,duke ( ,york1 aft]w>ds ,james ,,ii1 7born #afcc72 ,elizabe? 7born #afcf72 ,h5ry1 ,duke ( ,gl\ce/] 7born #afdj72 & ,h5rietta1 ,du*esse d',orlans 7born #afdd74 ,! ,que5 also delight$ 9 ! amusem5ts ( ! gay & brilliant ,c\rt4 ,) political matt]s %e _h no?+ to d until #afcg1 :5 %e op5$ a diplomatic communication ) ! ,see ( ,rome1 to help h] co-religioni/s4 ,%e appo9t$ an ag5t to reside 9 ,rome & ,rome s5t to h] a ,papal ag5t 7a ,scot*man nam$ ,george ,conn71 :o soon made _m conv]ts among ! ,engli% nobility & g5try4 ,prote/ant ,engl& took al>m &1 !re=e1 ! ,que5 became v unpopul>4 ,:5 ! ,scotti% tr\bles broke out ,que5 ,h5rietta ,m>ia rais$ money f h] fell[ ,ca?olics to support ! ,k+'s army on ! ,bord]s 9 #afci2 & 9 #afdj1 dur+ ! sitt+ ( ! ,%ort ,p>liam5t1 ! ,que5 urg$ h] husb& to oppose himself to ! ,h\se ( ,commons 9 def5ce ( ! ,ca?olics4 ,:5 ! ,long ,p>liam5t met1 ! ,ca?olics 7 believ$ to be ! au?ors & ag5ts ( e arbitr>y s*eme suppos$ to h ent]$ into ! plans ( ,/raf=d or ,laud4 ,dur+ ! ,long ,p>liam5t ,h5rietta ,m>ia urg$ ! ,pope to l5d money to enable h] to re/ore h] husb&'s au?ority & %e ?rew h]self he>t & s\l into ! s*emes = rescu+ ,/raf=d & co]c+ ,p>liam5t4 ,! ,army ,plot1 ! s*emes = us+ ,scotl& aga9/ ,engl&1 & ! attempt ^u ! five memb]s--,pym1 ,hampd51 ,haselrig1 ,hoiles1 & ,/rode--7 ! fruits ( h] political activity4 ,next ! ,que5 effect$ h] passage to ! ,cont95t & 9 ,febru>y1 #afdc1 %e return$ &1 l&+ at ,burl+ton ,quay1 plac$ h]self at ! head ( a b& ( ,loyali/s & m>*$ ?r\gh ,engl& to jo9 ! ,k+ ne> ,ox=d4 ,aft] little m ?an a resid5ce !re ( a ye>1 on ! #c;d ( ,april1 #afdd1 %e p>t$ f h] husb& to see 8 face no m2 b z long z ,*>les ,i 0 alive %e nev] ceas$ to enc\rage him to resi/ance4 ,h5rietta ,m>ia f\nd refuge 9 ,france1 = ,ri*elieu 0 !n dead & ,anne ( ,au/ria prov$ compassionate1 yet %e _h mu* to suff] 9 h] exile4 ,! execution ( h] husb& 0 a t]rible di/ress4 ,!re is a /ory ) "s tru? t %e m>ri$ h] equ]ry1 ,"l ,j]myn1 :i* may acc\nt = ! e/rangem5t ( h] *ildr54 ,:5 ,h5rietta ,m>ia return$ to ,engl& aft] ! ,re/oration1 %e f\nd t %e _h no place 9 ! new ,c\rt4 ,p>liam5t gave h] a grant ( #cj1jjj a ye> 9 comp5sation = ! loss ( h] d[]-l&s & h] son1 ,*>les ,,ii1 add$ a simil> sum z a p5sion f himself4 ,9 ,janu>y1 #affa1 ,h5rietta return$ to ,france to be pres5t at ! m>riage ( h] daught]1 ,h5rietta1 to ! ,duc d',orlans1 b 9 ,july1 #affb1 %e 0 back 9 ,engl&1 tak+ up h] resid5ce at ,som]set ,h\se4 ,?ree ye>s lat] %e return$ to ,france & di$ at ,colombes1 ne> ,p>is1 9 #afff4 ,! o!r p]sonage 9 ?is d\ble portrait1 ,jeffrey ,hudson1 0 born at ,oakham1 ,rutl&1 9 #afai4 ,8 fa!r 0 a but*]1 :o kept & bait$ bulls = ,george ,villi]s1 fir/ ,duke ( ,buck+ham4 ,nei!r ( 8 p>5ts 0 und]siz$4 ,:5 he 0 n9e ye>s old 8 fa!r c>ri$ ,jeffrey to ,burleigh-on-!-,hill & (f]$ him to ! ,du*ess ( ,buck+ham1 :o took him into h] s]vice4 ,at t "t he 0 sc>cely eighte5 in*es 9 height &1 if we may believe ,full]1 8)\t any de=mity1 :olly proportion$40 ,%ortly aft]w>ds ,*>les ,i & ,h5rietta ,m>ia pass$ ?r\gh ,rutl& & ! ,duke ( ,buck+ham gave a d9n] 9 _! honor4 ,dur+ "o ( ! c\rses an enorm\s pie#bb 0 s]v$2 & :5 x 0 cut1 out jump$ ,jeffrey ,hudson6 ,! ,que5 0 s delight$ ) ! sprightly little dw>f t %e appropriat$ him at once & he became a ,c\rt favorite4 ,jeffrey _h a numb] ( adv5tures4 ,on "o occasion1 :5 he 0 s5t to ,france to procure a nurse = ! ,que51 ! %ip 0 captur$ on ! return voyage by a ,flemi% pirate & ,jeffrey1 ! nurse1 & ! ,que5's danc+-ma/] 7 all tak5 to ,dunkirk4 ,!n ,jeffrey also saw "s milit>y s]vice4 ,:5 ! ,pr9ce ( ,orange besieg$ ,br$a 9 #afcg1 8,/r5u\s ,jeffrey0 0 9 ! ,pr9ce's camp 9 company ) ! ,e>l ( ,w>wick 7see page #ahg7 & ! ,e>l ( ,nor?ampton1 :o 7 volunte]s 9 ! ,dut* ,s]vice4 ,dur+ ! ,civil ,w>s ,jeffrey ,hudson is said to h be5 a ,capta9 ( ! ,horse4 ,x is c]ta9 t he foll[$ ! ,que51 = he 0 ) h] 9 ! flight to ,p5d5nis ,ca/le1 9 ,june1 #afdd1 & he w5t ) h] to ,p>is4 8,he 010 says ,full]1 8?\gh a dw>f1 no da/>d02 &1 accord+ly1 :5 insult$ by ,cr(ts at ,p>is 9 #afdi1 he %ot him dead ) a pi/ol 9 a duel4 ,cr(ts _h ra%ly arm$ himself only ) a squirt4 ,9 consequ5ce ( ?is1 ,jeffrey _h to leave ,p>is1 al?\gh ,h5rietta ,m>ia sav$ him f imprisonm5t1 :i*1 h[ev]1 he _h frequ5tly exp]i5c$4 ,at sea ,jeffrey 0 captur$ by a ,turki% rov]1 c>ri$ to ,b>b>y1 & sold z a slave4 ,8 mis]ies1 accord+ to 8 own acc\nt1 made him gr[ tall]4 ,jeffrey manag$ to get back to ,engl& ab\t #afeh1 at :i* "t ,hea? address$ "s l9es to him 9 8 ,cl>a/ella4 ,aft] ! ,re/oration1 ,jeffrey ,hudson liv$ quietly 9 ! c\ntry = "s "t on a p5sion subscrib$ by ! ,duke ( ,buck+ham & o!rs2 b1 on com+ up to ,london to pu% 8 =tunes at ,c\rt1 he1 be+ a ,roman ,ca?olic1 0 suspect$ ( complicity 9 ! ,popi% ,plot 7#afgi7 & 0 conf9$ 9 ! ,gateh\se at ,we/m9/]4 ,9 ,june1 #afhj1 & ,april1 #afha1 8,capta9 ,jeffrey ,hudson0 receiv$ respectively #ej & #bj f ,*>les ,,ii's secret s]vice fund4 ,jeffrey ,hudson di$ 9 #afhb4 ,acc\nts ( 8 height v>y1 b1 accord+ to 8 own /atem5t 7z made to ,wright1 ! hi/orian ( ,rutl&71 aft] rea*+ ! age ( sev51 :5 he 0 eighte5 in*es high1 he did n gr[ at all until he 0 ?irty1 :5 he %ot up ?ree feet1 six or n9e4 ,hudson's wai/coat1 bree*es1 & /ock+s are pres]v$ 9 ! ,a%molean ,museum1 ,ox=d4 ,,dut* ,,pa9t+ ,,dut* ,,pa9t+ ,x is n until we come to ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury t ,pa9t+ 9 t "p ( ! ,spani% & ,au/rian ,ne!rl&s n[ kn[n z ,holl& took on ! national "* ( ! ,dut* race4 ,! new political & economic views inculcat$ by ! ,/ates-,g5]al1 & ev5 m p>ticul>ly ?r\gh ! bias ( ! ,prote/ant fai?1 produc$ an entirely new k9d ( pa9t+4 ,! sacr$ subjects inspir$ by ! ,roman ,ca?olic religion1 z well z ! my?ological & hi/orical subjects 7made s popul> by ,rub5s7 7 reject$ = m prosaic & lit]al int]pretations ( ,biblical /ories2 = repres5tations ( popul> h]oes 9 ! late w>s t ov]?rew ,spani% tyranny2 = portrait gr\ps ( civic dignit>ies1 su* z ,reg5ts & ,presid5ts ( guild-halls1 %oot+-gall]ies1 hospitals & o!r *>itable in/itutions 7kn[n z 8,reg5t0 & 8,doel50 pictures72 & = ^? dome/ic sc5es & social p>ties call$ 8,conv]sation ,pieces10 9 :i* are mirror$ ! ,dut* home & its simple pleasures ) detail$ repres5tation ( furniture1 rugs1 *9a1 glass1 brass-w>e1 musical in/rum5ts1 birds1 animals1 food1 fruit1 & fl[]s4 ,l&scapes & m>9es 7 also 9 h>mony ) ! new *oice ( subject1 &1 ( c\rse1 portraiture ( ! mo/ reali/ic k9d4 ,?is matt]-(-fact art 0 giv5 a some:at 8romantic0 quality by ! extraord9>y treatm5t ( d>k masses ( %ad[ & ( sunlight effects & also by a f9e use ( color4 ,arti/s h always appreciat$ ^! *>act]i/ics1 agree+ ) ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 :o wrote aft] 8 visit to ! ,ne!rl&s3 8,a m>ket-woman ) a h>e 9 h] h&1 a man bl[+ a trumpet1 or a boy bl[+ bubbles1 a view ( ! inside or outside ( a *ur*1 are ! subjects ( "s ( _! mo/ valuable pictures2 b !re is /ill ent]ta9m5t1 ev5 9 su* pictures--h[ev] un9t]e/+ _! subjects1 !re is "s pleasure 9 ! contemplation ( ! imitation4 ,b to a pa9t] !y af=d likewise in/ruction 9 8 pr(ession2 "h he may le>n ! art ( color+ & composition1 a skillful managem5t ( light & %ade & inde$ all ! me*anical p>ts ( ! art z well z 9 any o!r ,s*ool :atev]4 8,! same skill :i* is practis$ by ,rub5s & ,titian 9 _! l>ge works is "h exhibit$1 ?\gh on a small] scale4 ,pa9t]s %\ld g to ! ,dut* ,s*ool to le>n ! art ( pa9t+ z !y w\ld g to a gramm>-s*ool to le>n languages4 ,!y mu/ g to ,italy to le>n ! high] bran*es ( k40 ,9 ! long li/ ( great & notewor?y ,dut* pa9t]s ! two greate/ names are ,rembr&t & ,frans ,hals4 ,rembr&t van ,rijn 7#afjf-affi71 a p[]ful giant1 excell+ 9 pa9t+1 et*+1 & draw+1 produc+ ma/]piece aft] ma/]piece & /&+ alone z an int]pret] ( ,bible /ories1 pr(\nd se>*] = "* 9 portraiture1 & dramati/ 9 light & %ade 7see page #bjd74 ,frans ,hals 7#aehj8-afff71 pa9t] ( portraits1 corporations & milit>y companies1 & *>act]s ( l[ life1 ) an uncanny analysis ( ! eye & an uncanny te*nique to regi/] surely & rapidly :at 8 eye saw1 ^: pictures1 long neglect$1 are ( high value to-day 7see page #bbj74 ,n f> bel[ ,frans ,hals & ,rembr&t z a pa9t] ( great civic gr\p pictures comes ,b>?olomew van d] ,hel/ 7#afab-afgj71 ^: enorm\s ,civic ,gu>d ,banquet1 pa9t$ 9 #afdh 9 celebration ( ! ,peace ( ,mn/]1 ) its tw5ty-f\r life-size portraits1 ranks z "o ( ! great pictures ( ! _w4 ,van d] ,hel/'s ,company ( ,capta9 ,roel( ,bick]1 9 ! same gall]y1 ) its ?irty-two portraits1 is its equal al?\gh n q s r5[n$4 ,dut* ,pa9t+1 h[ev]1 did n leap into be+ ) ,rembr&t1 ,frans ,hals1 & ,b>?olomew van d] ,hel/4 ,!re 7 ,dut* ,primitives1 z !re 7 ,flemi% ,primitives1 & !y are n always to be di/+ui%$ f "o ano!r4 ,! fam\s ,hub]t & ,jan van ,eyck1 = in/ance1 are ?\ght to h be5 natives ( ,maaseyck on ! ,maas & ,hans ,meml+ is suppos$ to h be5 born 9 ,memelynck1 ne> ,alkma>4 ,! greate/ ( ! ,dut* pa9t]s 0 ,lucas van ,leid5 7#adid-aecc71 :o knew ,italian ,art well & :o 0 a foll[] ( ,albre*t ,dr]4 ,"s ( 8 pa9t+s are v decorative & 8 *ess & c>d-play]s may almo/ be said to beg9 ,dut* g5re pa9t+1 br\ght to su* p]fection by ! ,little ,dut* ,ma/]s4 ,by ! end ( ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury a great _m ,dut* pa9t]s _h visit$ ,italy2 "s ( !m _h /udi$ !re2 & "s ( !m _h work$ !re4 ,jan van ,scorel 7#adie-aefb71 = in/ance1 0 kept 9 ,rome = five ye>s by ,pope ,adrian ,,vi1 :o 01 himself1 a native ( ,utre*t4 ,jan van ,scorel 0 ! ma/] ( ,antonio ,moro1 or ,antonis ,mor 7#aeab-aegg71 :o w5t to ,rome1 0 admitt$ to ! ,guild ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,utre*t 9 #aedg1 & leap$ into fame ) a portrait ( ,c>d9al ,granvella1 :o took ,moro 9 8 tra9 to ,brussels4 ,moro soon became ,c\rt-,pa9t] to ! ,h\se ( ,hapsburg & travell$ ab\t to v>i\s c\rts1 pa9t+ portraits ( ,royalty4 ,mi*iel ,jansz ,mi]evelt 7#aefg-afda71 0 portrait-pa9t] to ! ,h\se ( ,orange & ,nassau & 8 pupil1 ,paulus ,moreelse 7#aega-afch71 a native ( ,utre*t1 0 h>dly less popul>4 ,! greate/ pa9t] ( ,corporation ,pictures be=e ,frans ,hals 0 ,jan van ,rav5/eyn 7#aegb-afeg74 ,! e>ly ,dut* l&scape-pa9t]s travell$ to ,italy1 ,switz]l&1 & ev5 ,norway2 b none ( !m acquir$ ! reputation ( two ,dut*m5 :o f\nd inspiration at home4 ,jan van ,goy5 7#aeif-afef71 & ,jan ,wynants 7#afbj8-afhb71 7 ! fir/ to take pleasure 9 _! own c\ntry4 ,van ,goy5 lov$ ! wat]1 ! boats1 ! cl\ds1 ! mi/1 & di/ant t[ns silh\ett$ aga9/ ! sky4 ,wynants %[$ ! *>m ( ! lonely walk t l$ ?r\gh ! dunes to ! sea4 ,wynants =m$ ,adria5 van de ,velde 7#afce-afgb71 :o c>ri$ l&scape-pa9t+ s f> t he comes v close to ! ,b>bizon ,s*ool ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,!n !re are two ,dut* arti/s :o are d\bly fam\s = _! l&scapes & animals3 ,aelb]t ,cuyp 7#afbj-afia71 8! ,k+ ( ,dut* l&scape-pa9t]s10 not$ = 8 gold5 light & elegant cavali]s rid+ f9e horses2 & ,paul ,pott] 7#afbe-afed71 kn[n f> & wide = 8 ,bull1 9 ! ,hague ,gall]y1 pa9t$ :5 ! arti/ 0 only tw5ty-two2 b n s f9e a "w z ,la ,va*e qui se mire 7,! ,mirror$ ,c[7 9 ! same gall]y4 ,( ^! two pictures ! ,fr5* critic1 ,burg]1 wittily rem>k$3 8,la ,va*e qui se mire is a *ef-d'uvre & n a hors d'uvre1 l ! ,bull60 ,supreme z l&scape-pa9t]s /& ,jacob ,ruisdael 7#afbh-i-afhb71 :o us$ z a rule a v d>k gre5 & :o 0 able to sugge/ imm5se p]spectives 9 v small compass1 also = 8 h>moni\s relation ( e>? & sky1 & ,me9d]t ,hobbema 7#afch-agji71 suppos$ to h be5 8 pupil1 & ^: long neglect$ pictures ( long1 /raight roads b5ea? tall trees n[ br+ high prices4 ,adria5 van ,o/ade 7#afaj-afhe71 a pupil ( ,frans ,hals1 w&]$ ab\t ! c\ntry f9d+ mat]ial along ! roads4 ,o/ade (t5 caught ! poetic side ( a ru/ic sc5e & he _h a comm&+ k ( light4 ,! ,dut*1 ) _! love ( home & _! simple pleasures1 excell$ 9 depict+ sc5es ( intimate life1 8,conv]sation ,pieces10 & g5re4 ,! li/ ( ^! wor?y pa9t]s is long4 ,a few1 h[ev]1 /& out prom95tly1--,g]>d ,d\1 ,g]>d ,t]bor*1 ,jan ,/e51 ,piet] de ,hoogh1 ,jan ,v]me] ( ,delft1 ,gabriel ,metsu1 ,ni*olas ,maes1 & ,frans van ,mi]is--all pa9t]s ( ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury1 portray+ life z !y saw x ar\nd !m1 accord+ to ! class 9 :i* !y mov$4 ,t]bor*1 ,metsu1 & van ,mi]is %[$ ladies & g5tlem51 beautifully dress$1 enjoy+ music1 or play+ c>ds1 or hav+ a light aft]noon repa/1 or writ+ lett]s1 or mak+ love1 or talk+ 9 ! g>d51 or sitt+ quietly 9 a com=tably furni%$ room2 ,jan ,/e5 depict$ fea/s1 m]ry-mak+1 w$d+s1 ,/4 ,ni*olas celebrations1 tav]n-sc5es1 drunk5 brawls & quack doctors2 & ,g]>d ,d\ produc$ simple sc5es 9 ! home :]e s]vants are at "w & mo!rs sit by ! cradle1 & sometimes sc5es by c&le-light ) /range reflections1 = ,g]>d ,d\ 0 a pupil ( ,rembr&t & lik$ to play tricks ) *i>oscuro4 ,ano!r pa9t]1 :o 0 a magician ) light1 is ,jan ,v]me] ( ,delft 7#afcb-afge71 :o 0 a pupil ( ,rembr&t's pupil1 ,c>el ,fabritius1 & ^: pictures are r>e & fam\s 7see page #bbh74 ,/ill ano!r arti/1 rem>kable = 8 k ( ! complex problems ( light1 is ,piet] de ,hoogh or ,hoo* 7#afbi-afgg871 h>dly less rem>kable = 8 solid & spl5did r5d]+ ( ar*itecture1 ext]ior z well z int]ior 7see page #bbf74 ,moreov]1 ! ,dut* excell$ 9 two o!r g5res1--birds & fl[]s4 ,mel*ior d',hondecoet] 7#afcf-afie71 caught all ! beauties ( ! fea!r$ _w & _h an insight into its society4 ,! ,float+ ,fea!r1 9 ! ,rijk's ,museum1 is v celebrat$4 ,burg] delightfully wrote ( x3 8,no "o has pa9t$ bett] ?an ,hondecoet] ! cocks & h5s1 ducks & drakes1 & p>ticul>ly little *icks & duckl+s4 ,he has und]/ood su* families z ! ,italians h ! my/ical ,holy ,family2 he has express$ ! mo!rhood ( ! h5 z ,raphael has ! mo!rhood ( ! ,madonna4 ,9 fact1 ! subject is m naturally treat$ because x has less sublimity4 ,hondecoet] gives u "h a "m-h5 :o c\ld face ! ,madonna ( ! ,*air4 ,%e b5ds ov] ) solicitude ) outspread w+s1 b5ea? :i* peep ! excit$ heads ( ! little *ick5s2 :ile on h] back is p]*$ ! privileg$ bamb9o--%e does n d>e move1--! good "m60 ,mel*ior d',hondecoet] 0 taught by ,jan ,bapti/e ,we5ix 7#afba8-affj71 pa9t] ( dead game1 & tea*] ( 8 son1 ,jan ,we5ix 7#afdj-agai71 :o (t5 arrang$ 8 dead game ar\nd ! base ( a l>ge urn 9 a private p>k4 ,( fruits & fl[]s--important subjects 9 ,holl&--come ! two de ,heems1 fa!r & son1 ,jan ,davidsz de ,heem 7#afjf-afhd71 ! fir/ ,dut*man to excel ) fruit2 ,ra*el ,ruys* 7#affd-agej71 pa9t] ( fl[]s1 fruits1 b\quets ) butt]flies & mo?s flutt]+ ab\t1 old logs & tree /umps 9 ! =e/1 & des]t$ birds' ne/s4 ,jan van ,huysum 7#afhb-agdi7 8! ,correggio ( fruits & fl[]s10 0 fam$ = 8 skill 9 depict+ a transp>5t dewdrop trickl+ d[n a sat9y petal2 & ,abraham ,mignon 7#afdj-afgi71 pupil ( ,jan ,davidsz de ,heem 0 a brilliant pa9t] ( fl[]s1 fruits1 butt]flies1 insects1 & dewdrops4 ,) ,cornelis ,troo/ 7#afig-agej71 call$ 8! ,dut* ,hog>?10 because ( 8 famili> sc5es ( com$y1 ! ,decad5ce beg9s2 & ,dut* ,pa9t+ ceas$ to be int]e/+ until ! middle ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 ,,! ,,/&>d ,,be>]4 ,rembr&t van ,rijn 7#afjf-affi74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,?is picture1 oils on canvas 7#ee #de in*es71 has ! di/9ction ( hav+ belong$ to ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds &1 aft] him1 to ! ,e>l ( ,w>wick at ,w>wick ,ca/le4 ,x is sign$ on ! left at ! bottom1 8,rembr&t fe #afed40 ,consequ5tly x 0 pa9t$ ! same ye> z ! fam\s ,burgoma/] ,jan ,six4 ,! p]son has nev] be5 id5tifi$2 b x is suppos$ t he 0 ! /&>d-be>] ( "o ( ! ,am/]dam ,%oot+ ,companies4 ,! man is life-size1 ?ree-qu>t] l5g?1 ) full light fall+ f ! left =egr\nd ^u ! :ole figure4 ,a grey wall ) a ru/icat$ pill> at ! "r =ms ! backgr\nd f :i* ! eld]ly ,/&>d ,be>] /&s out boldly4 ,he we>s a d>k-br[n coat ) gold buttons1 a d>k blui% gre5 sa%1 & a ri* gold-embroid]$ sword-belt cross+ ! *e/ f ! "r %\ld]4 ,a black hat ) a l>ge :ite plume cov]s 8 grey hair1 b does n hide 8 face4 ,9 8 glov$ left h& he c>ries a r$ & yell[ bann] be>+ ! ,arms ( ! ,city ( ,am/]dam & he holds a glove 9 8 "r h&4 ,! picture is ri* 9 color & f9e 9 its illum9ation4 ,f ! ,e>l ( ,w>wick x pass$ ?r\gh ! ,collections ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,s$elmey] ( ,p>is1 ,mr4 ,*>les ,j4 ,w]!im] ( ,london1 & ,mr4 ,george ,j4 ,g\ld ( ,new ,york into t ( its pres5t own]4 ,rembr&t van ,rijn 0 born 9 ,leid5 9 #afjf1 ! son ( a mill]1 :o s5t him to ! ,leid5 ,univ]sity4 ,"y ,rembr&t1 h[ev]1 pref]r$ pa9t+ & = ?ree ye>s /udi$ "u ,jacob van ,swan5bur*1 a ,leid5 pa9t]1 :o _h /udi$ 9 ,italy4 ,rembr&t _h pa9t$ a good _m pictures be=e he remov$ to ,am/]dam at ! age ( tw5ty-?ree4 ,he soon became fam\s 9 ,am/]dam4 ,f ! ye> #afcc ! face ( a good-natur$1 buxom "y woman1 ,saskia van ,ul5burgh1 daught] ( a ,friesl& lawy]1 appe>s on 8 canvases4 ,9 #afcd ,rembr&t m>ri$ ,saskia2 & ,=tune smil$ !reaft] on ev]y?+ he did4 ,8 ord]s made him ri* & he _h a spl5did home1 fill$ ) collections ( _m k9ds1 includ+ antique bu/s1 co/umes1 curios1 & pa9t+s4 ,at ?is p]iod ,rembr&t lov$ to dress ,saskia & himself 9 fanta/ic array & pa9t gay & some:at !atrical portraits ( !mselves4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e ,,! ,,/&>d ,,be>] --,rembr&t van ,rijn ,:o does n "k ! fam\s picture ( ,saskia seat$ on ,rembr&t's knee 9 ! ,dresd5 ,gall]y1 ! arti/ clasp+ 8 wife's wai/ ) 8 left h& & br&i%+ 9 8 "r h& a long glass ( sp>kl+ w9e1 be=e !m a table cov]$ ) an ,ori5tal rug on :i* is a pa/ry surm\nt$ by a peacock8 ,n s famili> b m beautiful is ! portrait 9 ! ,h]mitage ( ,saskia dress$ z a fanciful %eph]dess ) a mantle ( pale gre5 ?r[n ov] h] :ite brocad$ g[n1 9 h] h& a fl[]-tw9$ crook1 & on h] head a heavy1 ?ick wrea? ( ranunculus1 anemones1 iris1 columb9e1 & /rip$ r$ & :ite tulips4 8,innoc5t & engag+ 9 h] brilliant drap]ies & gaily t9t$ fl[]s10 says ,emile ,mi*el1 8%e /&s a graceful app>ition1 ! light fall+ full ^u h]4 ,spr+ itself seems to be s++ a paean ( love & poetry f ! ma/]'s palette1 at ! dawn ( t ye> :i* 0 to br+ ab\t ! propiti\s union40 ,rembr&t's life *ang$ entirely aft] ,saskia's dea? 9 #afdb1 :i*1 by ! way1 0 ! ye> he pa9t$ 8 mo/ fam\s picture1 ,! ,night ,wat* 79 ! ,rijks ,museum71 m prop]ly call$ ,! ,sortie ( ! ,company ( ,capta9 ,bann+ ,cock4 ,rembr&t became bankrupt 9 #afef & 8 collections ( antiques & pa9t+s 7 sold = a m]e #ejjj flor9s6 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> 8 h\se & collection ( engrav+s came also to ! hamm]4 ,!nce=w>d ,rembr&t liv$ ) 8 son1 ,titus1 9 a mode/ dwell+ 9 ! ,roz5gra*t1 att5d$ by 8 s]vant1 ,h5drickje ,/(fels 78 reput$ wife7 until ! latt]'s dea? 9 #affd4 ,! close ( ,rembr&t's life 9 #affi f\nd him poor1 b z indu/ri\s z ev]4 ,rembr&t is said to h pa9t$ ab\t #eej pictures & to h made m ?an #bej et*+s & #aejj draw+s4 ,! ,hague is ! place to see ! great works ( ,rembr&t's e>ly p]iod1 su* z ,! ,anatomy ,lesson1 ! ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple or ,simeon 9 ! ,temple1 & sev]al portraits ( himself & o!rs2 & ! ,rijks ,museum has ! great productions ( 8 middle & la/ p]iod1 includ+ ,! ,syndics & ,! ,night ,wat*4 ,ap>t f 8 individual & amaz+ portrayal ( %ad[s & light effects1 ,rembr&t /&s alone z ! int]pret] ( ! ,bible /ory4 ,9 portraiture he is pr(\ndly se>*+2 & no "o ev] pa9t$ m =cible self-portraits ?an ,rembr&t van ,rijn4 ,( all ! qualities t ,rembr&t possesses ! mo/ /rik+ "o is und]/&+ ( light & %ad[4 ,from5t9 v aptly def9es ?is ,rembr&tesque *i>oscuro 9 8 ,matres d'autrefois 7,p>is1 #ahgf73 8,to envelop & imm]se ev]y?+ 9 a ba? ( %ad[2 to plunge light itself into x only to )draw x aft]w>ds 9 ord] to make x appe> m di/ant & radiant2 to make d>k waves revolve ar\nd illum9at$ c5tres1 grad+ !m1 s\nd+ !m1 ?ick5+ !m2 to make ! obscurity nev]!less transp>5t1 ! half gloom easy to pi]ce1 &1 f9ally1 to give a k9d ( p]meability to ! /ronge/ colors t prev5ts _! becom+ blackness1--?is is ! prime condition & ! difficulties ( ?is v special art4 ,x goes )\t say+ t if any "o ev] excell$ 9 ?is x 0 ,rembr&t40 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,(fic]4 ,rembr&t van ,rijn 7#afjf-affi74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,erickson4 ,?is picture sign$ l[] "r1 8,rembr&t f4 #afcf0 is pa9t$ on a panel1 #bj #be in*es4 ,x is "o ( ,rembr&t's f9e/ & mo/ pleas+ portraits4 ,) ma/]ly skill ! arti/ has pa9t$ ! light 9 ! eyes & ! f9e l9es & texture ( ! lips4 ,! subject is suppos$ to be ,franois ,copal1 ! bro!r-9-law ( ,saskia van ,ul5burgh1 ,rembr&t's wife1 & !re is abundant evid5ce 9 support ( ! !ory4 ,dr4 ,bode 9 8 ,rembr&t notes3 8,!re is a pair ( portraits 9 ! ,lie*t5/e9 ,gall]y at ,vi5na1 dat$ #afcf1 ( a ,"y ,(fic] ) ,?ick ,black ,hair & ,8 ,wife1 9 co/umes l ^? 9 :i* ,rembr&t pa9t$ ,saskia & himself4 ,! "y c\ple "h repres5t$ 0 probably closely connect$ ) ! arti/ & 8 bride4 ,! husb&1 ^: features are regul>1 almo/ h&some1 & :o has a slight m\/a*e we>s a /eel gorget & a small gaily-color$ neck clo? ov] 8 f9ely plait$ silk %irt1 a gre5i% blue cloak hangs f 8 "r %\ld]1 & 8 glov$ h& re/s on ! hilt ( 8 sword4 8,portraits ( ! arti/ himself & ( 8 relations & fri5ds1 are ne>ly all execut$ ) z mu* c>e z ! num]\s portraits ( o!r p]sons pa9t$ to ord] at ?is "t4 ,"s few may h be5 pres5ts to fri5ds & relations2 b ! majority produc$ at ?is p]iod 7#afcc-afce71 & t imm$iately foll[+ x 7 v probably commissions f fri5ds & patrons ( ! ma/]1 ! mo/ r5[n$ arti/ 9 ,holl& ^: "n 0 soon to be associat$ ) ^? ( ! greate/ pa9t]s 9 ,europe4 ,^! pictures _h a special attraction ov] & above _! int]e/ z portraits1 by virtue ( ! highly individual co/ume & conception :i* add s mu* to _! picturesque effect40 ,dr4 ,w4 ,r4 ,val5t9]1 also believ+ ?is to be a lik5ess ( ,saskia's bro!r-9-law1 says3 8,! portrait ( a cavali]1 possibly ,franois ,copal1 is "o ( ! mo/ impos+ & impressive ( ! portraits :i* ,rembr&t pa9t$ 9 ! middle ( ! ?irties1 at ! "t :5 he 0 approa*+ ! height ( 8 fame z a portrait-pa9t] at ,am/]dam4 ,among ! consid]able numb] ( portraits :i* ! arti/ pa9t$ to ord] dur+ ^! ye>s1 ! pres5t "o 7& a companion piece 9 ! ,lie*t5/e9 ,gall]y1 ,vi5na7 /& out ?r\gh ! vivid1 passionate expression & ! p]sonal t\* :i* und\bt$ly reflects ! arti/'s own mood4 ,at no "t ,rembr&t expresses s mu* ( a y\?ful1 almo/ wild1 temp]am5t 9 8 compositions1 at no "t he endeavors to give to !m su* an ov]p[]+ =ce & su* an int5se1 almo/ s5su\s feel+ ( life1 z 9 ^! /ormy ye>s ( 8 fir/ successes at ,am/]dam1 :i* 7 accompani$ by a happy m>riage1 by social connections1 by acquir+ ri*es & almo/ luxury4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,erickson ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,"y ,,(fic] --,rembr&t van ,rijn 8,some?+ ( "y ,samson1 ( :om ! arti/ 0 s fond 9 ^! ye>s1 we feel also 9 ! portrait ( a h&some cavali]4 ,we feel ! lion's =ce beh9d ^? gl[+1 pi]c+ eyes1 beh9d ! en]getic *9 & *eek bones1 & ! exub]antly fl[+1 broad waves ( ! bu%y1 d>k hair rem9d u ( a lion's mane4 8,we easily recognize 9 ,rembr&t's "w ^? portraits ( :i* ! sitt]s 7 /rang]s to him4 ,! pres5t "o1 9 :i* he put s mu* ( 8 own self1 z he did only ) fri5d's portraits1 does n belong to ^!4 ,he has ornat$ ! "y cavali] ) a co/ume :i* appeal$ to 8 imag9ation1 ! details ( :i* we "k f portraits ( p]sons 9 8 surr\nd+s & self-portraits3 ! brea/-plate1 ! color$ sc>f ar\nd ! neck1 ! gold5 *a9 ) m$al-lion1 ! gre5 velvet mantle ) gold-embroid]$ bord]4 ,on ! companion-piece1 on ! o!r h&1 ! lady we>s a co/ume & pieces ( jewelry :i* we f9d also 9 ,saskia's portraits4 8,/range to say1 ! female figure itself has s mu* lik5ess to ,saskia t we w\ld be tempt$ to believe x to be a portrait ( h]1 if !re 0 n ! portrait ( ! cavali] z ! companion-picture prev5t+ u f ?is supposition4 ,b we "k t ,saskia _h a si/]1 ,titia1 :o visit$ ! ,rembr&t family frequ5tly )9 ^! ye>s 7a portrait-sket*1 a p5-draw+ made ( h] 9 #afci by ,rembr&t is 9 ! ,/ockholm ,museum74 ,%e & h] husb& ,franois ,copal1 7 witnesses at ! baptism ( ,saskia's fir/ *ildr54 ,we "k also a portrait ( ,franois ,copal's bro!r1 ,antoni1 9 ! ,ro?s*ild ,collection1 ,vi5na1 :i* ,rembr&t pa9t$ 9 #afce4 ,! sitt] ( ?is portrait und\bt$ly has a resemblance to ! g5tleman 9 our picture1 almo/ z mu* z ! companion-piece resembles ,saskia4 ,is ?us ! !ory too bold t ! pres5t portrait repres5ts ,franois ,copal & ! companion-piece at ,vi5na1 ,titia1 8 wife80 ,! portrait came to ! pres5t own]1 ,mr4 ,erickson1 directly f ! fam\s ,lie*t5/e9 ,collection1 ,vi5na1 pur*as$ by ,pr9ce ,lie*t5/e9 f ! ,m>*esa ,incontri1 ,flor5ce4 ,previ\sly ! picture _h be5 9 ! ,collections ( ! ,comte ,k\*eleff ,besborodko1 ,p>is2 ! ,duc de ,*oiseul ,prasl91 ,p>is 7#agic71 & ,b4 da ,co/a1 ,! ,hague 7#ageb74 ,,an ,,old ,,lady ,,seat$ ,,9 ,,an ,,arm*air4 ,rembr&t van ,rijn 7#afjf-affi74 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,?is spl5did portrait1 oils on canvas 7#db #ce in*es71 takes rank ) ,rembr&t's fam\s /udy ( ,elizabe? ,bas1 wid[ ( ,admiral ,sw>t5h\t1 9 ! ,rijks ,museum1 ,am/]dam4 ,x is ?ree-qu>t]s l5g?1 life-size1 & sign$ on ! left 8,rembr&t ,f4 #afdc40 ,! subject is seat$ 9 an arm-*air ( r$ lea!r ) h] head turn$ slightly to ! left & %e is look+ 9 ! same direction4 ,%e we>s a black co/ume ) a tightly fitt+ jacket l9$ ) fur1 a l>ge flat1 r\nd1 & gauff]$ ruff1 & a flat1 d>k velvet cap4 ,h] arms re/ easily on ! arms ( ! *air & 9 ! "r h& %e is hold+ h] eyeglasses1 :ile ! f+]s ( h] left h& are plac$ betwe5 ! leaves ( a l>ge book--presumably a ,bible1 ) silv] clasps & gilt edges1--a m>vell\s piece ( /ill-life pa9t+4 ,! backgr\nd is d>k ( ! br[ni% ,rembr&t tone & ! light falls f ! left ^u ! face ( ! sitt] & ^u h] l>ge ruff4 ,dr4 ,bode1 9 speak+ ( ! light+ ( ?is rem>kable portrait1 says3 8,a /rong light falls on ! broad1 gauff]$ ruff & is reflect$ on ! m s(tly illum9at$ face2 ano!r ray ( light t\*es ! h&s ) _! small :ite cuffs4 ,! dull r$ ( ! *air-back1 ! subdu$ gl9t ( ! gold edges & silv] clasps ( ! book relieve ! blacki% tone ( ! picture almo/ imp]ceptibly4 ,x takes a special place among ,rembr&t's portraits by reason ( its peculi>ly di/+ui%$ h>mony4 ,9 arrangem5t & illum9ation x /&s midway betwe5 ! ,/4 ,pet]sburg ,portrait ( ! ,old ,woman & ! num]\s /udies ( old wom5 pa9t$ betwe5 #afej & #affj40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon ,,an ,,old ,,lady ,,seat$ ,,9 ,,an ,,arm*air --,rembr&t van ,rijn ,! picture 0 sold 9 ,am/]dam 9 #agfd & has pass$ ?r\gh ! ,collections ( ,j4 van d] ,m>*1 ,am/]dam1 #aggc2 ,m4 ,!lluson1 ,p>is1 #aggg2 an anonym\s ,p>isian collection1 #aghh2 ,m4 ,c4 ,a4 de ,calonne1 ,london1 #agie2 ,mr4 ,j4 ,allmutt1 ,london1 #ahfc2 & ,m4 ,l\is ,lebeuf de ,montsg]mont1 ,p>is4 ,,simeon ,,& ,,m>y ,,pres5t+ ,,! ,,infant ,,*ri/ ,,9 ,,! ,,temple4 ,rembr&t van ,rijn 7#afjf-affi74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,nils ,b4 ,h]sl(f4 ,?is picture is int]e/+ = two reasons4 ,"o1 t x belong$ to ,horace ,walpole & hung = _m ye>s 9 ,/rawb]ry ,hill2 & ! o!r1 t x is a rec5tly discov]$ ,rembr&t4 ,x w\ld seem f ! pres5t docum5ts t ! picture is n _m /ages away f ! pa9t]'s /udio4 ,9 a case l ?is1 x is be/ to tell ! /ory ( ! id5tification ( ?is ,/rawb]ry ,hill picture ) ! ,rembr&t /udio picture 9 ! words ( ^? mo/ conc]n$ 9 ! matt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,nils ,b4 ,h]sl(f ,,simeon ,,& ,,m>y ,,pres5t+ ,,! ,,infant ,,*ri/ ,,9 ,,! ,,temple --,rembr&t van ,rijn ,b fir/ let u read ! int]e/+ analysis writt5 by ! ,rembr&t speciali/1 ,dr4 ,jan ,ve?1 au?or ( ! ,life & ,art ( ,rembr&t1 publi%$ on ! commemoration ( ! #cjj? anniv]s>y ( 8 bir?4 ,?is essay is dat$ ,am/]dam1 ,augu/ #b1 #aiaf1 :5 ?is picture f ! ,walpole ,collection 0 discov]$ & s5t to ,holl&4 ,dr4 ,ve? speak+3 8,a r l>ge-siz$ picture1 ab\t #ci #ca in*es1 has rec5tly be5 import$ f ,engl&1 a picture :i* "o recogniz$ )\t any difficulty z be+ a late "w by ,rembr&t4 ,?is unkn[n "w 0 at fir/ ?\ght to be 9 a r dilapidat$ condition4 ,evid5tly long ago x _h be5 rel9$ by an unskill$ h&1 leav+ ! canvas badly wr9kl$ 9 places4 ,^! h be5 easily remov$1 ! picture slightly re/or$ & ap>t f a few local blemi%es 7n[h]e occurr+ 9 ! vital p>ts7 ! beautifully crackl$ & orig9al coat ( pa9t appe>s unimpair$4 ,_m a museum piece giv+ ! impression ( be+ 9 a p]fect /ate ( pres]vation is1 9 reality1 mu* less intact ?an ?is ,rembr&t4 8,! figure ( ,simeon 9 ! picture rem9ds u to a c]ta9 ext5t ( ! figure ( ,hom] 9 ! ,collection ( ,dr4 ,br$ius1 b ! h&l+ ( ! pa9t is m c]ta91 ! head firm] & m pla/ic4 ,9 8 lat] p]iod1 :]e 8 old m5 be> s mu* ( a resemblance to ea* o!r1 x 0 n necess>y t ,rembr&t %\ld always use ! same models4 ,! "*1 h[ev]1 ( ?is ,simeon is ak9 to t ( ,/4 ,mat!w 9 ! ,l\vre1 to ! fa!r 9 ! ,prodigal ,son 9 ,petrograd1 to ! man beh9d ,pilate 9 ! picture 9 ,new ,york1 ,altman ,collection1 & to ! ,haman 9 ! ,collection ( ! ,k+ ( ,r\mania4 8,= ! re/1 ! peculi> expression ( ,simeon's rugg$ & full be>d$ c\nt5ance c be trac$ q easily 9 t d>k1 maje/ic et*+ ( ! ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple ) ! exception t ! head 9 ! et*+ leans slightly m backw>d4 ,simeon's expression depicts 9 a /rik+ mann] ! decrepit old man to :om ! div9e revelation 0 made1 & :o1 aft] walk+ into ! ,temple1 see+ ! ,*ild & tak+ ,him into 8 arms1 said3 #8,"l1 n[ lette/ ,?\ ,?y s]vant dep>t 9 peace1 accord+ to ,?y ^w3 ,= m9e eyes h se5 ,?y salvation1 :i* ,?\ ha/ prep>$ be=e ! face ( all p3 ,a light to light5 ! ,g5tiles1 & ! glory ( ,?y p1 ,israel4' ,luke ,,ii1 #bi-cb4 8,! h]mit-l old man we>s a wide gold-color$ lea!r mantle4 ,full ( devotion he is hold+ ! ,*ri/ ,*ild1 )\t t\*+ ,him ) 8 long & /iff5$ h&s4 8,! little face appe>s =e%ort5$ & recalls to "o's m9d ! /range draw+ ( ! uplift$ face ( ! "y ,jesus :]e he walks betwe5 8 p>5ts 9 t rem>kable et*+ ( ! ,return f ! ,temple4 ,close to ,simeon & beh9d1 /&s ,m>y1 ! incl9ation ( ! head & attitude id5tical ) ! ,virg9 9 ! et*+ ( ! ,pres5tation4 ,ov] h] head %e we>s a wide1 droop+ hood1 & ! great] "p ( h] face--a face ( no ord9>y mat]nity & ) some?+ ( ! gr&eur s *>act]i/ic 9 ,mantegna's ,madonnas--is deeply envelop$ 9 %ad[s4 ,9 contra/ ) ! bronze-l1 w>m color ( ! anci5t man1 %e appe>s cool 9 tone1 ! neck only illum9at$ l enamel aga9/ ! sombre purple ( h] frock4 8,! gr\p is compos$ )\t any additional accessory to di/ract or allure ! spectator1 be+ plac$ aga9/ a backgr\nd deep & sombre1 a great & connect$ :ole4 ,?r\gh\t1 ! h&l+ ( ! pa9t is full & direct )\t any small or useless acc5ts1 a great design treat$ l sculpture4 ,! /rong] colors ( br[n & r$ are dissolv$ 9 a sombre tone ( bronze & ) t s+ul> mixture ( smo!r$ lights & cave-l half-tones & %ad[s :i* give ! true expression ( ! quiet & pa!tic ev5t4 8,out ( ! :ole tonality em]ges fir/ ! p[]ful head ( ! old ,se]1 !n ! suppress$ light ( ! /range ,infant1 & f9ally ! beautiful sibyl-l ,m>y4 ,! picture is full ( t inn] p[] ( expression :i* ,millet w\ld h admir$ & ,israels w\ld h revell$ 94 8,9 ,holl& we c po9t to m complete1 p]haps m pomp\s & m brilliant1 ,rembr&ts1 b a picture by ! ma/] ( su* wond]ful simplicity & at once ( su* great eloqu5ce we h>dly "k ( 9 ?is c\ntry40 ,turn+ to ! ,dut* records we le>n ! foll[+3 8,! desire to obta9 ! m9ute/ detail ( in=mation ab\t ,rembr&t's life & works1 & p]haps ) a wi% to discov] "s allusion to 8 pictures1 has l$ su* m5 z ,dr4 ,br$ius to se>* among ! old ,dut* ar*ives = records ( anci5t de$s 9 ! regi/ries ( ,am/]dam & ne>-by t[ns & villages4 ,?is has be5 no light task1 = besides ! numb]less docum5ts to be exam9$1 ! difficulties ( deciph]+ ! curi\s legal language us$ 9 ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury _h to be combatt$4 ,dr4 ,br$ius's ef=ts1 h[ev]1 7 rew>d$1 :51 ab\t t5 ye>s ago he discov]$ an anci5t de$ relat+ directly to a pa9t+ by ,rembr&t1 & dat$ ,may #ab1 #afga 7two ye>s aft] 8 dea?71 sign$ be=e a not>y nam$ ,j4 ,de ,w9t] ( ,am/]dam4 ,! docum5t s une>!d ?rew light ^u a picture entitl$ ,simeon1 ( :i* no record _h up to ! "t ( ,dr4 ,br$ius's discov]y1 be5 kn[n4 ,dr4 ,br$ius deem$ ! subject s int]e/+ t he wrote an article deal+ ) ,! ,la/ ,ye> ( ,rembr&t's ,life1 :i* appe>$ 9 ,oud-,holl& 9 #aiji40 ,n[ we g to ! numb] ( ,oud-,holl& & take ?is extract4 ,dr4 ,br$ius speak+3 8,al?\gh we h le>n$ mu* ( ! la/ ye>s ( ,rembr&t's life1 ( ! v la/ & p]haps ! sadde/ ye> ( t ri* life1 we h le>n$ little up to ! pres5t "t4 ,only "o "w1 t ( 8 own portrait 9 ! collection ( ,sir ,audley ,neeld 9 ,griffleton ,h\se1 seems to be> ! date ( #affi4 ,we h no o!r picture & no et*+1 & 9 ?is portrait ! ma/] appe>s s feeble t we _h begun to believe t ,rembr&t work$ b little 9 ! la/ ye> ( 8 life4 8,t he 01 h[ev]1 /ill work+ & plann$ to d "s et*+s & also t !re 0 a picture on 8 easel %ortly be=e he di$1 is prov5 by an old de$ ,i h rec5tly discov]$4 ,%ort z ?is may be1 x nev]!less gives u mu* important in=mation4 ,among o!r ?+s x is new to u t ,rembr&t 0 work+ up to ! "t ( 8 dea?1 & t ,dirck van ,catt5bur*1 a g5tleman deal] ) 8 bro!r1 ,otto1 z f> back z #afed1 _h bus9ess connections ) ,rembr&t4 ,& "h we see ! ag$ ma/]1 z (t5 happ5$ & /ill happ5s ) arti/s1 m or less 9 ! h&s ( ! ,art-deal]1 :o pays = ! "w be=e x is f9i%$4 8,p]haps ,rembr&t really consid]$ 8 ,simeon a f9i%$ picture1 b ! buy]s probably did n1 & look$ ^u 8 broadly pa9t$ canvases ( 8 late/ p]iod z n be+ #8entirely f9i%$4' ,we are n acqua9t$ ) any ,simeon ( 8 la/ p]iod4#bc ,x is also int]e/+ to note f ! de$ t ! arti/ plann$ to make a s]ies ( et*+s ( ! ,passion1 a subject :i* always attract$ him & ( :i* he made "s ( 8 mo/ wond]ful plates4 ,de$3 ,may #ab1 #afga1 ,appe>$ be=e me1 ,all>t van ,ev]d+51 age ab\t fifty ye>s & ,cornelius van ,ev]d+51 age tw5ty-five ye>s1 bo? arti/s liv+ 9 ?is t[n1 & on reque/ ( ,dirck van ,catt5bur*1 d h]eby decl>e t ,all>t van ,ev]d+51 a few mon?s be=e ! dea? ( ,rembr&t van ,rijn1 arti/1 _h a conv]sation z to ! settl+ ( a pa9t+ repres5t+ ,simeon1 pa9t$ by ! a=esaid ,rembr&t van ,rijn1 n yet entirely f9i%$1 own$ by ,dirck van ,catt5bur* & be+ 9 ,rembr&t's h\se4 8,t he1 witness1 w5t to see & exam9e ! a=esaid picture 9 ! h\se ( van ,rijn1 :o told him at ! "t t ! picture 0 own$ by said ,dirck van ,catt5bur*4 ,! a=esaid ,cornelius van ,ev]d+5 fur!r decl>es t he w5t up to ,rembr&t's /udio sev]al times1 :]e1 on ea* occasion1 he saw & exam9$ ! said picture1 :i* 0 discuss$ by !m1 ,rembr&t decl>+ t ! picture 0 own$ by ,dirck van ,catt5bur*4 ,also t ,rembr&t _h sev]al poli%$ plates own$ by ,dirck van ,catt5bur* 9 ord] to engrave ! ,passion4 ,sign$ ,all>t van ,ev]d+5 ,sign$ ,cornelius van ,ev]d+540 8,x is int]e/+ to note t ,all>t van ,ev]d+5 0 a well-kn[n pa9t] ( ! "t ( ,rembr&t & t he 0 born 9 #afab4 ,he excell$ 9 pa9t+ rocky l&scapes4 ,he also execut$ sea-pieces & /orms ) su* surpris+ effect & _s t 8 "w entitl$ him to ! appellation1 ! #8,salvator ,rosa ( ! ,nor?4' ,all>t van ,ev]d+5 0 also an et*] ( repute & 9 ?is "w !re mu/ h exi/$ a bond ( sympa?y betwe5 ,rembr&t & himself4 ,he di$ 9 #afge1 six ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ! ma/]4 ,8 works are repres5t$ 9 all ! great museums4 ,cornelius van ,ev]d+51 8 son1 0 also an arti/1 b n s univ]sally kn[n z 8 m brilliant fa!r40 ,n[ !n we turn to ano!r ,dut* au?ority to cont9ue ! /ory3 8,dr4 ,br$ius1 by ! rem>kable discov]y ( ! anci5t de$1 _h e/abli%$ ! fact t a c]ta9 picture ( ,simeon 7always id5tifi$ 9 ,art ) ,! ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple7 0 9 ,rembr&t's /udio a few mon?s be=e 8 dea?4 ,b :at _h become ( ! picture !re 0 no?+ to %[1 none ( ! great biograph]s ( ! arti/ has ev] classifi$ a "w ( ?is subject dat+ f 8 la/ p]iod4 8,& n[ comm5ce ! mo/ int]e/+ ev5ts connect$ ) ! picture "u consid]ation4 ,_m inquiries 7 in/itut$4 ,dr4 ,br$ius1 f 8 ri* /ock ( mat]ial be>+ ^u ! ma/]1 se>*$ exhau/ively = "s indication :]e ! picture might be f\nd4 ,! kn[n & unkn[n private & public collections ( ,europe & ev5 ,am]ica 7 exam9$ ?r\gh & ?r\gh1 until at la/ 8 ef=ts 7 rew>d$ & n9e ye>s aft] ! discov]y ( ! de$ & 8 subsequ5t article1 ! picture 0 recogniz$ & acclaim$ z ! lo/ ,simeon4 8,! pa9t+ 0 f\nd 9 ! collection ( a nobleman 9 ,engl&1 & al?\gh x _h la9 neglect$ = c5turies !re c\ld be no possible d\bt t x 0 ! picture ( ,simeon ref]r$ to 9 ! de$4 8,?is discov]y occurr$ 9 ! ye> #aiaf1 at a "t :5 ! _w 0 9 ! mid/ ( ! ,great ,w>2 b su* 0 ! importance ( ! f9d t ! ma/]piece 0 s5t at once to ,holl&1 !re to be admir$ by all ( ! great ,rembr&t au?orities40 ,critics h call$ att5tion to ! fact t ! fir/ important picture pa9t$ by ,rembr&t 0 ,simeon 9 ! ,temple :i* is n[ 9 ! ,maurit%uis1 ,! ,hague1 & :i* is also call$ ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple4 ,x is a little /range t ! la/ picture %\ld h be5 on ! same subject4 ,yet any "o c see !y are by ! same h&4 ,9 ! ,hague picture x is b5ea? ! high ro( ( a temple t ! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,joseph make ! (f]+ & pres5t ! ,holy ,*ild to ! ,"l4 ,simeon1 9 a robe glitt]+ ) gold1 holds ! ,holy ,*ild & ! ,high ,prie/ /&s 9 front ( ! gr\p1 8 h&s lift$ 9 ec/asy4 ,! latt]'s robe ( violet makes a beautiful note ( color :i* is c>ri$ ?r\gh ! lights & %ad[s & :i* contra/s & h>monizes1 too1 ) ! ,virg9's dress ( light blue4 ,9 ! vapor\s di/ance p]sons are se5 asc5d+ & desc5d+ ! /eps4 ,all ! light is conc5trat$ on ! c5tral gr\p & ! cold1 my/]i\s dep?s ( ! va/ fane are express$ ) m>vell\s skill4 ,hom] ,recit+ 8 ,poems1 also 9 ! ,hague ,gall]y1 repres5t+ an old man 9 a yell[ robe1 has ! face ( ! ,/rawb]ry ,hill ,simeon & ,hom] 0 pa9t$ 9 #affc4 ,x c\ld be possible t ! same model 0 us$ = ,hom] & ! ,/rawb]ry ,hill ,simeon4 ,h[ did ,horace ,walpole get ?is ,rembr&t8 ,! in=mation t we ga9 f ! ,catalogue ( ! ,/rawb]ry ,hill ,collection issu$ :5 ,e>l ,waldegrave sold ! cont5ts ( ,/rawb]ry ,hill at ,cov5t ,g>d5 9 #ahdb is r tantaliz+ ?an o!rwise4 ,! items read z foll[s4 ,on ,page ,,xvii ( prefatory rem>ks3 8,a ,f9e ,rembr&t 7,no4 #ajj7 & a ,ni*olas ,p\ss9 adorn ?is end ( ! *amb]4 ,page #bjd4 ,! great ,nor? ,b$ ,*amb]3 ,no4 #ajj4 ,! ,pres5tation 9 ! ,temple1 display+ all ! p[] ( light & %ade s peculi> to ?is great ma/]1 ,rembr&t4 8,! above two pictures ,no4 #ii & #ajj 7 b\ght f a v old g5tlewoman = ^: gr&fa!r !y _h be5 pa9t$1 & till !n _h nev] be5 tak5 out ( _! old black frames & are /ill 9 _! pure & g5u9e /ate40 ,0 ! 8v old g5tlewoman0 ! gr&-daught] ( ,dirck van ,catt5bur*8 ,,portrait ,,( ,,an ,,(fic]4 ,frans ,hals 7#aehj8-afff74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman4 ,! subject1 :i* we might almo/ call a ,dut* ,fal/aff1 is seat$ 9 a *air on ! arm ( :i* he re/s 8 "r elb[1 :ile he seems to be grasp+ a /ick ) 8 h&4 ,! left h& is hidd54 ,b5ea? 8 l>ge grey felt hat ) its wide turn$-up brim a few locks ( /raggly grey hair are visible4 ,8 d\blet is ( grey silk ) a dott$ patt]n 7long anticipat+ ! 8,polka ,dot0 ( ! e>ly ,n9ete5? ,c5tury71 a surcoat ( buff lea!r1 & a broad1 flat coll>1 trimm$ ) h&some & heavy lace1 worn ov] a metal brea/-plate4 ,! ,(fic] looks directly at u ) a half-humor\s1 half-suspici\s glance1--"o ( ^? *>act]i/ic ,frans ,hals's expressions4 ,! picture1 oils on canvas 7#cb #be7 be>s ! monogram ,f4 ,h4 & ! words 8tat #ee4 ,a4 #afcg40 ,x 0 sold f ! ,collection ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,h4 ,tpf] 9 ,am/]dam 9 #ahda & !n x 0 9 ! ,collection ( ,sir ,edg> ,v9c5t 7,"l d',ab]corn7 at ,e%]4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman ,,portrait ,,( ,,an ,,(fic] --,frans ,hals ,frans ,hals 7#aehj8-afff71 "o ( ! greate/ ma/]s ( pa9t+1 0 born 9 ,antw]p1 :]e 8 p>5ts 7natives ( ,ha>lem1 & ( good l9eage71 are suppos$ to h gone because ( political di/urbances ( ! "t4 ,x seems t ,hals 0 settl$ 9 ,ha>lem be=e #aeia1 busily pa9t+1 & he liv$ !re all ! re/ ( 8 life4 ,9 #afcg he came "u ,rembr&t's influ5ce 9 ,am/]dam4 ,hals's life 0 r disgraceful & w5t f bad to worse until pov]ty & comp>ative oblivion compell$ him to accept *>ity4 ,he di$ 9 ,ha>lem 9 #afff1 leav+ a great _m foll[]s4 ,! real life ( ! man is to be f\nd 9 su* works z ,! ,laugh+ ,cavali] 9 ! ,wallace ,collection & ^? vagabonds1 lute-play]s1 top]s1 & o!r rascals t belong to ! same class z ,autolycus1 ,launcelot ,gobbo1 ,t\*/one1 ,dogb]ry1 ,sir ,toby ,bel*1 ,fal/aff & our o!r mu*-priz$1 al?\gh disreputable1 ,%akespe>ian l[-com$y *>act]s4 ,hals always accompli%$ 8 "w by ! greate/ economy ( means4 ,a few broad1 rapid1 & unhesitat+ /rokes1 or swipes1 ( ! bru%1 a dot "h & !re ( light1--& t is all6 ,ev]y?+ t ,hals pa9t$ %[s 8 dazzl+ g5ius1 8 a/\nd+ in/9ct = /rik+ effects1 & 8 m>vell\s ability = cat*+ a lik5ess4 ,hals nev] work$ out 8 ideas3 he left no sket*es1 nor /udies4 ,8 extraord9>y p[] ( quick analysis ) ! eye & ! gift 8 h& _h = express+ :at 8 eye _h se51 comb9$ ) a rapid1 sure1 & skill$ te*nique rank ,hals z a ma/] among ma/]s4 ,moreov]1 he _h a ke5 & gay humor4 ,no pa9t] has ev] be5 able l ,hals to r5d] ! face 9 action & to fix =ev]1 a rapid & fleet+ expression on canvas4 ,he lov$ to cat* & make p]man5t a w9k1 a smile1 a le]1 or ev5 he>ty laught]4 ,frans ,hals 0 a g5ius at portraiture4 ,^? :o h se5 ! l>ge numb] ( ,hals's ,doel5 pictures 9 ! ,t[n ,hall ( ,ha>lem1 ea* canvas conta9+ f f\rte5 to tw5ty life-size portraits1 /& agha/ at ! p[] repres5t$ 9 j ?is "o phase ( 8 art4 ,:5 we look ^u ^! pictures we feel z if we 7 ent]+ a hall full ( convivial (fic]s1 laugh+1 je/+ & mak+ m]ry ov] _! f9e w9es & *oice food4 ,!y are ri*ly dress$4 ,_m ( !m we> lace cuffs & ruffs & bright sc>ves4 ,flags flutt]1 spe>s glitt]1 spurs & swords cl9k & rattle & fla% 9 ! sunlight2 & plumes on ! l>ge hats nod 9 ! breeze1 or ) ! motions ( ^! m5's bodies4 ,l\d talk & bur/s ( laught] seem to issue f ! frames4 ,^! convivial m5 h f\ght aga9/ ! hat$ ,spani>d & are ready 8to trail a pike0 aga9 at any mom5t4 ,a gallant & a jovial cr[d1--^! ,arquebusi]s ( ,/4 ,george & ,/4 ,&rew6 ,! arti/ 0 comm&$ to pa9t ea* man accurately & accord+ to 8 rank 9 ! ,company2 & ,hals did m ?an fill 8 ord]1--he made ea* & e man live4 ,,! ,,laugh+ ,,m&ol9 ,,play]4 ,frans ,hals 7#aehj-afff74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,john ,r4 ,?ompson4 ,"h is a half-figure ( a "y man seat$1 turn+ 8 head t[>ds ! spectator1 & laugh+ m]rily z he holds up a glass ( w9e 9 8 "r h&4 ,8 m&ol9 is ly+ on ! table beside him & 8 left f+]s close ar\nd its neck4 ,he we>s a d>k cloak l9$ ) blue & a l>ge black cap ?r[n c>elessly at ! side ( 8 head & 8 hair is unkempt & /raggly4 ,b :at c>es he8 ,he has sung 8 song & play$ 8 tune & has be5 rew>d$ well1--well en\gh1 inde$1 to h a glass ( good w9e4 ,s no wond] he laughs6 ,life is a joke anyway--8,s "h's to ! company & ?ank y1 g5tlem560 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,john ,r4 ,?ompson ,,! ,,laugh+ ,,m&ol9 ,,play] --,frans ,hals ,! picture is an oil pa9t+ on panel 7#cf #cj in*es71 & is sign$ ) ! monogram ,f4 ,h4 ,! ,laugh+ ,m&ol9 ,play] belong$ to ! ,capello ,collection1 ,am/]dam1 f :i* x 0 sold 9 #agfg1 & !n x pass$ to ,c\nt ,bonde1 ,/ockholm2 to ,jules ,porges1 ,p>is2 to ! late ,b>on ,f]d9& de ,ro?s*ild1 ,wadde/on ,manor1 ,engl&2 & to ,m4 ,a4 ,veil-,pic>d1 ,p>is4 ,a ,,music ,,p>ty4 ,piet] de ,hoogh 7#afbi-afgg874 ,collection ( ,mrs4 ,john ,n4 ,willys4 ,"h are six figures 9 ! reception b$room ( a prosp]\s m]*ant or citiz54 ,! dom9ant note ( ! ap>tm5t is r$4 ,! floor is pav$ ) squ>e blocks ( m>ble4 ,! prim>y int]e/ ( ! picture is 9 ! gr\p on ! left1 consi/+ ( two fa%ionably dress$ g5tlem5 & an elegantly attir$ lady at a table ov] :i* is spread an ,ori5tal 8table-c>pet40 ,! lady1 dress$ 9 a sc>let skirt1 an old-gold ov]skirt & bodice & a deep :ite lace coll>1 is look+ at ! spectator & s++ f a piece ( music :i* %e is hold+ 9 h] left h&1 h] "r be+ rais$ z if to beat "t4 ,/&+ ne> h] & smil+ly accompany+ h] 9 h] song is a "y g5tleman ) long hair & we>+ a :ite jacket & a broad-brimm$ hat4 ,) 8 "r h& he is hold+ a long funnel-%ap$ glass p>tly fill$ ) w9e4 ,seat$ opposite & look+ int5tly at ! lady is a middle-ag$ g5tleman ) long hair & yell[ jacket1 hold+ a flageolet ) bo? h&s1 & app>5tly wait+ = ! note at :i* he may jo9 9 ! accompanim5t4 ,on ! table are ! flageolet play]'s high-cr[n$ hat ) r$ fea!rs1 an op5 book ( music & a glass4 ,9 ! backgr\nd are /&+ figures ( a lady & g5tleman 9 conv]sation1 & ne>-by is an att5dant 9 br[n dress hold+ a w9e-j> 9 8 left h& & ab/ract$ly look+ out ( ! w9d[4 ,9 ! backgr\nd is a b$ enclos$ ) curta9s4 ,two w9d[s to left & "r op5 on to a g>d51 a portion ( :i*1 adorn$ ) /atues1 is se5 ?r\gh an op5 doorway on ! extreme "r4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mrs4 ,john ,n4 ,willys ,a ,,music ,,p>ty --,piet] de ,hoogh ,! picture1 oil on a panel 7#bd #bh in*es71 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,collections ( ,edmund ,higg9son ( ,saltm>%e ,ca/le1 ,engl&1 #ahdf2 ,george ,h4 ,morl&1 ,esq41 ,london1 a well-kn[n amateur1 a desc5dant ( ,george ,morl&1 ! arti/1 #ahfc2 & ,alb]t ,levy1 ,london1 #ahgd4 ,piet] de ,hoogh 7or ,hoo*7 is ?\ght to h be5 born 9 ,rott]dam4 ,little is kn[n ( 8 life4 ,he seems to h be5 a s]vant 9 8 e>ly ye>s employ$ by ,ju/us de la ,grange & to h liv$ 9 ,delft1 9 ,leid5 & 9 ,! ,hague4 ,9 "s way he le>n$ to pa9t2 "s au?orities say he /udi$ "u ,rembr&t's pupil ,c>el ,fabritius1 ,h\brak5 says he 0 a fell[-/ud5t ) ,jacob ,o*tevelt "u ,ni*olaes ,b]*em4 ,9 #afec ,piet] de ,hoogh became a memb] ( ! ,guild ( ,pa9t]s 9 ,delft & he m>ri$ 9 t city & liv$ !re ,until #affd4 ,next he is liv+ 9 ,! ,hague & aft] t 9 ,am/]dam4 ,piet] de ,hoogh is rank$ z "o ( ! be/ ( ! 8,little ,dut* ,ma/]s40 ,8 pictures %[ a p>ticul>ly f9e ma/]y 9 ! action ( light4 ,he almo/ inv>iably op5s a door 9 ! backgr\nd lead+ into a g>d5 or into an adjo9+ room4 ,he gr\ps 8 figures int]e/+ly & tells 8 simple /ory 9 pa9t graphically & conv9c+ly4 ,8 ar*itecture is always rem>kably f9e & 8 draw+ is second to none4 ,piet] de ,hoogh 0 neglect$ = _m ye>s1 b to-day he is deeply appreciat$4 ,burg] says he nev] saw any picture by de ,hoogh t 0 n ( ! fir/ rank3 8,sometimes he pa9ts int]iors--p are play+ c>ds1 or hav+ a family conc]t1 or read+1 or dr9k+1 or conv]s+4 ,sometimes he pa9ts ext]iors2 & !n ! pa9t] introduces u to dome/ic occupations & ! innoc5t recreations ( private life1 z1 = in/ance1 a s]vant wa%+ l95 9 a backy>d1 or clean+ fi%1 or pluck+ f[l1 or p]haps !re are ladies & _! cavali]s play+ at b[ls 9 a g>d5 ) trim gravell$ walks4 8,:5 he pa9ts int]iors ?is arti/ r>ely neglects to %[1 on ! "r or left1 doors op5+ on a /aircase or reveal+ a leafy alley1 or ! trees along a quay1 s t 8 pictures always seem to be ! ante*amb] ( ano!r picture4 ,9 ?is *>act]i/ic /yle ( de ,hoogh :5 ! int]ior ( ! ap>tm5t is mod]ately light$ ! sun %9es outside4 ,piet] de ,hoogh seems to h be5 9 ,rembr&t's secrets40 ,,! ,,lace-,,mak]4 ,jan ,v]me] 7#afcb-afge74 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,?is delightful picture on panel 7#ag #ae in*es7 0 only discov]$ 9 #aibf4 ,on its exhibition at ! ,kais] ,fri$ri* ,museum 9 #aibf-aibg 9 ,b]l91 ,dr4 ,wilhelm ,bode wrote3 8,i consid] x a g5u9e1 p]fect1 & v *>act]i/ic "w ( ,jan ,v]me] ( ,delft4 ,n only has x ! true ,v]me] *>m z to ! light+ & color+1 b at ! same "t !re is an extraord9>y fasc9ation 9 ! expression ( ! face1 /ill half t ( a *ild40 ,dr4 ,max ,j4 ,fri$lnd] also pron\nc$ x 8a g5u9e & highly *>act]i/ic "w by ,v]me] ( ,delft40 ,! "y girl is se5 at half-l5g? ) h] head turn$ t[>ds ! obs]v] & h] eyes look+ /raight out ( ! picture4 ,%e is busy mak+ lace on a pill[1 or cu%ion1 :i* is support$ on a frame ) two upright po/s4 ,9 h] left h& %e is hold+ a bobb94 ,h] co/ume is a yell[ jacket1 or bodice1 ) broad :ite coll> & broad :ite cuffs4 ,h] br[n hair1 arrang$ v simply1 is adorn$ ) a t9y knot ( blue ribbon4 ,! h&some pe>-%ap$ pe>ls 9 h] e>s proclaim t %e is 9 m ?an afflu5t circum/ances & t %e is a "y ,dut* lady ( "s position1 mak+ lace = h] pleasure & n to e>n a liv+4 ,at h] left elb[ is a blue cu%ion & a l>ge pewt] di%4 ,! ,lace-,mak] is 9 e way a picture ( *>m & "o ( ! mo/ ?or\ghly attractive t ,v]me] ev] produc$4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon ,,! ,,lace-,,mak] --,jan ,v]me] ,:5 x came to light 9 #aibf x 0 cordially welcom$4 ,seym\r de ,ricci publi%$ a long article "u ! title ( ,le ,qu>ante-et-,unime ,v]me] 9 ! ,gazette des ,beaux-,arts 7,decemb]1 #aibg71 :i* says 9 "p3 8,seat$1 ) h] "w on h] knees & h] bobb9s 9 h] h&1 %e /ops 9 h] occupation = a mom5t to look at ! spectator4 ,on ! "r1 ^u ! corn] ( a table1 cov]$ ) an ,ori5tal rug1 a flat di% ( pewt] & a blue cu%ion ornam5t$ ) ?ree r[s ( gold braid & two gold tassels--t is ! entire subject ( ! picture6 8,x ne$$ ! consummate art ( a ,v]me] to produce ) ?is sl5d] mat]ial su* a v]itable *ef-d'uvre4 ,_m pa9t]s w\ld d\btless h tri$ to place ?is fre% figure 9 a /rik+ sett+4 ,a ,g]>d ,d\ w\ld h fram$ h] 9 a w9d[2 a ,metsu w\ld h surr\nd$ h] ) furniture2 & a ,piet] de ,hoogh w\ld h felt compell$ to let u see ?r\gh an op5 door into ! next room1 or into a bright fl[] g>d54 ,! bold] & mu* great] pa9t]1 ,v]me]1 places 8 model be=e a :ite wall1 ! pla/] ( :i* 9 ! c\rse ( two c5turies has comb9$ ivory reflections ) ! pe>ly gray ( cl\ds 9 spr+time4 ,^u ! cle>ness ( ?is wall ?is y\?ful figure /&s out ) /rik+ cl>ity3 ! fa9t rosy t9ts ( ! complexion1 ! :it5ess ( ! broad flat coll> & cuffs & ! bright yell[ ( ! bodice =m a scale ( colors t are juxtapos$ ) s+ul> frankness & boldness4 ,x is only 9 ! fle% t9ts t ! pa9t] all[s himself to br+ ! model into relief3 9 ev]y?+ else he %[s an affection = flat surfaces & flat t9ts4 ,8 t\* is s light t 9 places--noticeably 9 ! :ites--ea* /roke ( ! bru% has left its trace4 ,! arti/ has proce$$ by circul> blots juxtapos$1 ann\nc+ !re=e a te*nique :i* c]ta9 ,fr5* arti/s pret5d to h discov]$ at ! end ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 8,9 ev]y?+ "h ,v]me] ! colori/ takes prec$5ce ( ,v]me] ! draughtsman4 ,!re is n a l9e 9 ! entire picture1--no?+ b ! juxtaposition ( color-tones4 ,a magnify+ glass is impot5t to make u discov] ! bridge ( ! nose1 ! pr(ile ( ! *eek or ! f+]s4 ,! eyebr[s are b>ely indicat$1 ! br[n hair is treat$ 9 l>ge lum9\s masses1 & ev5 ! bobb9s :i* to ! nak$ eye seem to be drawn ) su* punctili\s exactitude are m]ely indicat$1 b ) su* correctness & su* prodigi\s skillfulness ( t\* t ! illusion ( ! detail is mo/ complete1 ev5 = ! in/ruct$ spectator4 8,9 ?is *>m+ composition1 ! greate/ ( ,dut* colori/s has tak5 pleasure 9 play+ ! entire scale ( 8 favorite colors4 ,9 ! br[n masses ( ! hair he has plac$ a t9y blue ribbon1 e*o+ ! l>ge blue surface ( ! cu%ion4 ,on ! o!r h&1 on ?is same cu%ion ?ree r[s ( d>k yell[ braid e*o ! bright o*re ( ! bodice4 ,9 ! v c5tre ( ! picture ! *]ry r$ ( ! little smil+ m\? ?r[s a note m brilliant ?an ! arti/ d>$ to place on ! rose *eeks ( 8 model :ite ) ! reflections f ! l>ge />*$ coll>4 ,all ! l[] "p ( ! picture is 9 deep half-light :i* is bright5$ by ! r$ & blue tones ( ! table-c>pet & ! lum9\s reflections ( ! pewt] di%4 ,! curi\s obs]v] w notice t ! pa9t] 0 n afraid to *ange ! c5tre ( 8 composition t[>ds ! "r1 indiff]5t to ! traditions ( its accept$ place1 j z he 0 to ! me?ods ( 8 =e-runn]s ) reg>d to ! use ( color4 8,x has be5 attempt$ m ?an once to elucidate ! my/]y ( ! te*nical me?ods to :i* is due ! incr$ible lum9osity ( ,v]me]'s pictures4 ,x has ev5 be5 ?\ght t he pa9t$ on a gr\ndwork ( "s v bright color2 b x has be5 correctly rem>k$ t su* a gr\ndwork--if he _h employ$ x--w\ld at ! end ( two c5turies h become visible "u ! pa9t+ & w\ld h necess>ily assimilat$ ! colors4 ,o!rs h sugge/$ a prelim9>y prep>ation ( wat] colors or gum4 ,b1 9 tru?1 we are p]fectly ignorant ( h[ ?is amaz+ & inconte/able result has be5 atta9$4 ,?is newly discov]$ picture reveals no?+ to u relative to ,v]me]'s te*nique1 & al?\gh ! pa9t+ is s lightly done & ( s ?9 a coat+1 x has tak5 on its surface some?+ ( ! h>dness & brilliance ( porcela92 & f9e crackles h brok5 all ?r\gh ?is sugge/+ ! pa/e ( porcela94 ,! ,lace-,mak] 0 9 ! ,collection ( ,h>old ,r4 ,wright1 ,esq41 ( ,london1 be=e x pass$ to ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,jan ,v]me] ( ,delft 7#afcb-afge7 0 a pupil ( ,c>el ,fabritius1 :o 0 a pupil ( ,rembr&t--consequ5tly ,v]me] _h ! be/ tra9+4 ,lemke's eulogy is wor? read+3 8,v]me] 0 a pa9t] ( ! light & sun s*ool2 & ?is 0 8 *ief /udy--to cat* & hold fa/ ! mom5t4 ,:at ,frans ,hals did = ! physiognomy1 grasp+ ! fly+ mom5t 9 an incomp>able mann] ) w9ks1 smiles1 le]s1 ge/iculation1 etc41 & fix+ x 9 pa9t1 ,v]me] z a l&scape pa9t]1 delight$ to d = ! sun%9e4 ,he %[s its rays /ream+ into a room1 or ! play ( light & %ad[ :5 ! light ) ! mov+ air falls ?r\gh heavy foliage aga9/ a bright h\se & pa9ts x ) rays ( light & %ade4 ,unlike ! mom5t ( ,rembr&t & ,ruisdael1 :i* is fix$ = all et]nity1 ) ,v]me] ! mom5t vibrates 9 ! light4 ,! %ad[s lose _! %>p outl9es & ! f9e bru%-"w sugge/s ! liv+ *ange & play ( ! light4 ,rembr&t pa9ts light 9 d>kness & lets x gl[ 9 ! d>k or /ream+ into x1 or 9 a broad flood ( brilliance2 b ,v]me] pref]s to set d>kness or twilight aga9/ ! light40 ,,g]man ,,pa9t+ ,,g]man ,,pa9t+ ,pa9t+ rea*$ its greate/ developm5t 9 ,g]many f ! middle ( ! ,fifte5? to ! middle ( ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury dur+ ! ,r5aissance & ! ,re=mation4 ,! dom9at+ p]sonalities 7 ,albre*t ,dr] & ,hans ,holbe9 ! ,y\ng]4 ,! e>ly ,g]man pa9t]s devot$ _! tal5ts almo/ exclusively to alt>-pieces4 ,! *ief c5tres ( activity 7 ,cologne1 ,colm>1 ,ulm1 ,nuremb]g1 & ,augsburg4 ,cologne 0 ! mo/ important & _h mu* influ5ce ^u ! neighbor+ ,flem+s4 ,z e>ly z ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury ,wolfram van ,es*5ba*1 describ+ 8 h&some ,knight 9 ,p>sifal1 decl>es t 8,f ,koln nor f ,mae/ri*t ,no limn] c\ld excel him40 ,! fir/ important ,cologne pa9t] is ,mei/] ,wilhelm1 fir/ half ( ! ,f\rte5? ,c5tury1 foll[$ by ,mei/] ,/ephan ,lo*n] 7active #adcj-adea71 possibly 8 pupil1 pa9t] ( ! great alt>-piece 9 ! ,cologne ,ca!dral1 ! 8,dom-bild01 :i* e pa9t] tri$ to see4 ,albre*t ,dr]1 = in/ance1 wrote 9 8 ,j\rnal3 8,item4 ,i h paid two silv] p5nies to h ! picture op5$1 :i* ,mei/] ,/ephan pa9t$ at ,cologne40 ,he9e1 _m ye>s lat]1 sang ( ! wondr\s eyes ( ! ,madonna 9 t picture 9 ! ,cologne ,ca!dral t rem9d$ him ( 8 belov$2 & ! idea is mo/ beautifully emphasiz$ 9 ! musical sett+ ( t little song by ,rob]t ,franz1 :o expresses 9 8 accompanim5t all ( ! emotion ar\s$ by ! pa9t+4 ,! ,cologne pa9t]s 7 mu* influ5c$ by ,rog] van d] ,weyd51 :o seems to h visit$ ,cologne 9 #adej4 ,c]ta9ly ,m>t9 ,s*ngau] 7ab\t #adde-adia7 0 a foll[] ( ,rog]1 if n a p]sonal pupil4 ,s*ngau] is rem>kable among o!r ?+s = ! weird & fanta/ic creatures he frequ5tly introduc$ into 8 pictures4 ,m>t9 ,s*ngau]1 reg>d$ z ! precursor ( ,dr]1 0 mu* admir$ by ! ,italian pa9t]s1 :o call$ him 8,il bel ,m>t9o40 ,mi*elangelo is said to h copi$ 9 oils 8 celebrat$ pr9t ( ,sa9t ,an?ony torm5t$ by ,demons & he 0 a fri5d ( ,p]ug9o & ex*ang$ draw+s ) him4 ,! two ,g]mans ( next importance 7 ,b>?olomu ,zeitblom ( ,ulm 7#adej8-aeba71 :o1 l ,m>t91 belongs to ! ,swabian ,s*ool1 & ,mi*ael ,wohlgemut 7#adcd8-aeai871 ! lead+ _s ( ! ,franconian ,s*ool1 :o work$ especially 9 ! ,nuremb]g *ur*es4 ,9 ! picturesque t[n ( ,nuremb]g1 ) its peak$ gables1 ov]hang+ balconies1 & qua9t faades1 t[n ( wood-c>v]s1 goldsmi?s1 & toy-mak]s1 t[n ( ,hans ,sa*s & ! ,mei/]s+]1 ! h\se ( ,dr] is /ill %[n to t\ri/s4 ,albre*t ,dr] 7#adga-aebh71 "o ( ! giants 9 art1 0 supreme ma/] 9 wood-cuts1 et*+s1 & draw+s z well z 9 pa9t+s4 ,dr]1 too1 is "o ( ! greate/ portrait-pa9t]s 7see page #bcg74 ,9 ,augsburg1 ! lead+ comm]cial city ( ,s\!rn ,g]many1 !re 7 _m weal?y art-lov]s1 su* z ! ,fugg]s1 fam\s m]*ant-pr9ces ( ! ,fifte5? & ,sixte5? ,c5turies4 ,! lead+ pa9t] 0 ,hans ,holbe9 ! ,eld] 7#adgj8-aebd71 mu* influ5c$ by ,m>t9 ,s*ngau] & also by ! ,italians4 ,he tra9$ 8 gift$ son1 ,hans ,holbe9 ! ,y\ng] 7#adig-aedc71 :o completely ov]%ad[$ him4 ,! latt] w5t to ,basle & ev5tually to ,london1 :]e he became ,c\rt-,pa9t] to ,h5ry ,,viii 7see page #bdj74 ,lucas ,crana* ! ,eld] 7#adgb-aeec71 lead] ( ! ,saxon ,s*ool1 0 a contempor>y ( ,dr] & ,holbe91 pupil ( 8 fa!r1 &1 9 common ) mo/ ,g]man arti/s1 excell$ z an engrav] on wood & copp] & design]1 z well z a pa9t]4 ,crana* 0 ,c\rt-,pa9t] to ?ree ,saxon ,electors 7see page #bea74 ,lucas ,crana* ! ,y\ng] 7#aeae-aehf7 0 a pupil ( 8 fa!r1 b 0 f> bel[ him 9 tal5t & p]=mance4 ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,man4 ,albre*t ,dr] 7#adga-aebh74 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,we %\ld l to "k--b we nev] %all--! "n ( ! man :o looks s ke5ly f ?is picture 7#ab #ae in*es74 ,all t is kn[n ( x is t x belong$ to ! ,collection ( ,c\nt ,bonde1 ( ,/ockholm1 be=e x f\nd its pres5t home4 ,albre*t ,dr] 0 a great pa9t] ( portraits4 ,he began e>ly4 ,inde$ ! fir/ au!ntic draw+ by him is a portrait ( himself at ! age ( ?irte51 :i* is pres]v$ 9 ! ,alb]t9a1 ,vi5na4 ,at all p]iods ( 8 life1 ,dr] pa9t$ & drew portraits4 ,to ! e>ly ,nuremb]g p]iod belongs ,fr$]ic ! ,wise1 temp]a on l95 7,b]l971 & he pa9t$ a ,portrait ( 8 ,fa!r 9 #adig 7( :i* !re are sev]al v]sions74 ,!n !re is ,oswald ,krell 9 ! ,muni* ,gall]y & a ,portrait ( ,himself1 a ,portrait ( a ,"y ,man at ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace & ! v fam\s ,hi]onymus ,holtzs*uh] 9 ,b]l94 ,dr]'s "o idea 0 to give z exact a repres5tation ( ! sitt] z possible2 & if he pa9t$ "* z well z ! features1 x 0 because 8 p5etrat+ eye saw directly ?r\gh ! p]son4 ,!re 0 no consci\s analysis or deep pond]+s ( any k9d4 ,dr] simply saw ! p]son & pa9t$ him2 & he pa9t$ him s well t we see him1 too1 j ! man he 04 ,dr] 0 l a cam]a2 he depict$ e wr9kle & e hair ) an amaz+ effect ( reality & he caught ! p]sonality z well4 ,no?+ seems to h be5 hidd5 f 8 eyesight & no?+ seems to h be5 beyond ! p[] ( 8 bru%4 ,albre*t ,dr] 0 ! son ( a goldsmi? ( ,hung>ian orig9 :o _h sp5t "s "t 9 ! ,ne!rl&s4 ,9 #adee he settl$ 9 ,nuremb]g1 :]e ,albre*t 0 born 9 #adga1 ! ?ird ( elev5 *ildr54 ,8 fa!r int5d$ him = a goldsmi?1 b1 see+ 8 tal5t1 appr5tic$ him to ,mi*ael ,wolgemu? to s]ve ?ree ye>s4 ,( ?is p]iod ,dr] wrote3 8,god gave me dilig5ce s t ,i le>n$ well4 ,& :5 ,i _h s]v$ my "t1 my fa!r s5t me away & ,i 0 abs5t f\r ye>s until my fa!r ne$$ me aga92 & ,i set out 9 #adij aft] ,ea/]1 s ,i return$ 9 #adid aft] ,:itsuntide4 ,& :5 ,i return$ home ,hans ,frey treat$ ) my fa!r & gave me 8 daught]1 ,agnes1 & he gave me ) h] two hundr$ flor9s2 & ! m>riage 0 celebrat$ on ! ,monday be=e ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,day 9 ! ye> #adid40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon ,,portrait ,,( ,a ,,man --,albre*t ,dr] ,! /ory t ,dr]'s wife 0 a %rew :o l$ him an unhappy life is n[ explod$4 ,9 #aeje ,dr] w5t to ,italy & sp5t "s "t 9 ,v5ice1 :]e he pa9t$ = ! ,guild ( ,g]man m]*ants & _! ,fondaco dei ,t$es*i1 ,! ,fea/ ( ! ,ros>y1 :i* is n[ 9 ! mona/]y ( ,/rah[ ne> ,prague4 ,return+ to ,nuremb]g 9 #aejg ,dr] pa9t$ "s ( 8 f9e/ alt>-pieces4 ,9 #aeaa he began 8 f9e sets ( wood-cuts & et*+s--! ,apocalypse1 ! ,great ,passion1 ! ,little ,passion1 ! ,life ( ! ,virg9 & ,/4 ,j]ome 9 8 ,/udy4 ,to ?is p]iod belongs ! l>ge alt>-piece ,adoration ( ! ,tr9ity1 9 ! ,belv$]e at ,vi5na4 ,9 #aeah ,dr] 0 9 ,augsburg & 9 #aebj-aeba he travell$ 9 ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,once back 9 ,nuremb]g1 he seems to h work$ quietly & indu/ri\sly until 8 dea? 9 #aebh4 ,9 =m+ any e/imate ( ,dr] x is ess5tial to rememb] t ,dr] 0 a great expression & a great fl[]+ ( ! ,g]man race4 ,mrs4 ,heaton has well summ$ up 8 *>act]i/ics3 8,we d n f9d10 %e says1 89 ,dr]'s art ! classic ideal ( ! p]fection ( man's physical nature1 nor ! spiritual ideal ( ! e>ly religi\s pa9t]s1 nor ! calm dignity & ri* s5su\s beauty ( ! great ma/]s ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance1 b 9 x we f9d a noble expression ( ! ,g]man m9d1 ) its high intellectual p[]s1 its d>+ speculative philosophy1 its deep-seat$ rev]5ce1 its pati5t labori\sness1 & above all its /range love = ! weird & grotesque4 ,dr] 0 ! companion ( "s ( ! mo/ le>n$ & ?\ghtful m5 ( 8 day4 ,lu!r & ,melanc?on 7 among ! numb] ( 8 fri5ds1 & !re is no d\bt b ! re=m+ _s ( ! age 0 p[]fully at "w )9 him1 affect+ 8 ?\ght & art4 ,melanc?on be>s te/imony to 8 r>e wor? z a man by say+3 #88 lea/ m]it 0 8 art4'0 ,,pr9ce ,,edw>d ,,( ,,engl&4 ,hans ,holbe9 ! ,y\ng] 7#adig-aedc74 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,?is portrait is "o ( ! f9e/ t ,holbe9 ev] pa9t$4 ,! arti/ _h e reason to d 8 be/1 = ! picture 0 int5d$ z a ,new ,ye>'s ,gift to ,h5ry ,,viii ( 8 little son1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 :o 0 ne>ly two ye>s old4 ,! ,k+ 0 s delight$ ) ! picture t he pres5t$ ,holbe9 ) a magnific5t gold /&+-cup ) cov]4 ,pr9ce ,edw>d 7:o became ,edw>d ,,vi7 0 ! son ( ,jane ,seym\r1 ! ?ird wife ( ,h5ry ,,viii1 :o only liv$ twelve days aft] ,pr9ce ,edw>d's bir? at ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace on ,octob] #ab1 #aecg4 ,by ! ,peace ,treaty ( ,scotl& 9 #aedc1 x 0 arrang$ t ,pr9ce ,edw>d %\ld m>ry ,m>y1 ,que5 ( ,scots1 at t "t b a few mon?s old2 b ?is came to no?+1 ow+ to 8! grasp+ gre$0 ( ,h5ry ,,viii1 ^: ambition 0 to absorb ! ,cr[n ( ,scotl& & ^: purpose 0 discov]$ by ! patriotic ,scot*4 ,on ! dea? ( ,h5ry ,,viii 9 ,janu>y #aedg1 ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales succe$$ to ! ?rone & 0 cr[n$ on ,febru>y #bj1 #aedg1 z ,edw>d ,,vi4 ,edw>d1 on ! po9t ( dea?1 bequea!d ! ,cr[n 9 #aeec to ,lady ,jane ,grey1 daught] ( 8 c\s91 ,frances ,grey1 elde/ daught] ( ,m>y1 ! daught] ( ,h5ry ,,vii1 & :o 0 m>ri$ to ! son ( ! ,duke ( ,nor?umb]l&4 ,on ,july #f1 #aeec1 ! "y ,k+ ,edw>d ,,vi di$ & 0 buri$ ! next day 9 ,h5ry ,,vii's ,*apel1 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,! portrait 9 oil on a panel 7#ba #ag in*es7 0 pa9t$ 9 #aech4 ,! little pr9ce is we>+ a r$ & gold co/ume & r$ & gold hat ) :ite fea!r4 ,! backgr\nd is gold4 ,8 h&s are m>vell\sly pa9t$1 p>ticul>ly ! "r1 :i* is a triumph ( =e%ort5+4 ,! left h& holds a silv] rattle4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon ,,pr9ce ,,edw>d ,,( ,,engl& --,hans ,holbe9 ! ,y\ng] ,! ,lat9 inscription pa9t$ at ! base 0 writt5 by ,sir ,ri*>d ,morys9 7:o became ,engli% ,ambassador to ! ,hanse t[ns 9 #afdf & to ! ,c\rt ( ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v 9 #aeej74 ,! eulogy is address$ to ,h5ry ,,viii1 ?r\gh ! *ild2 & x is well = ,edw>d ,,vi t he did n live to le>n ! v]dict t "t has pass$ ^u ?is ,bluebe>d ( ,hi/ory4 ,translat$ x reads3 8,little "o1 imitate ?y fa!r & be ! heir ( 8 virtue1 ! _w conta9s no?+ great]4 ,heav5 & ,nature c\ld sc>cely give a son ^: glory %\ld surpass t ( su* a fa!r4 ,d ?\ b equal ! de$s ( ?y p>5t3 ! desires ( man _c g beyond ?is4 ,surpass him & ?\ ha/ surpass$ all ! k+s ! _w has ev] wor%ipp$ & none w ev] surpass !e40 ,c flatt]y g beyond ?is8 ,= _m ye>s ?is portrait hung 9 ! ,royal ,picture ,gall]y at ,hanov] 9 ,g]many1 probably tak5 !re by "o ( ! ,georges1 all ( :om pref]r$ _! ,hanov]ian ,c\rt to t ( ,engl&4 ,9 late ye>s ! picture belong$ to ! ,duke ( ,cumb]l&1 ^: fa!r 0 ,k+ ( ,hanov] until ,prussia absorb$ t k+dom 9 #ahff4 ,hans ,holbe91 born 9 ,augsburg 9 #adig1 0 taught by 8 fa!r1 ,hans ,holbe9 ! ,eld]1 z 0 also 8 eld] bro!r1 ,ambrose4 ,ab\t #aeae ^! two "y ,holbe9s w5t to ,basle1 :]e !re 0 pl5ty ( "w = arti/s1 = ,basle _h long be5 a c5tre ( intellectual & arti/ic life4 ,holbe9's tal5ts won recognition2 & among o!r k9ds ( "w he drew designs = title-pages & v>i\s decorations = books4 ,"s m>g9al draw+s = ,! ,praise ( ,folly by ,erasmus1 l$ to a fri5d%ip ) t di/+ui%$ p]sonage1 :i* 0 de/9$ ev5tually to *ange 8 entire life4 ,holbe9 also pa9t$ 9 fresco ! c\ncil *amb] ( ! new ,ra?aus 9 ,basle & also ! fam\s votive picture ,! ,mei] ,madonna1 repres5t+ ! ,burgoma/]1 ,jacob ,mei] ( ,basle1 kneel+ ) 8 family be=e ! ,virg94 ,he also pa9t$ sev]al portraits ( ,erasmus4 ,9 #aebf ,holbe9 decid$ to visit ,engl&1 tak+ a lett] ( introduction f ,erasmus to ,sir ,?omas ,m & /opp+ on ! way at ,antw]p to visit ,qu5t9 ,massys4 ,holbe9 rema9$ 9 ,london two ye>s1 return$ to 8 family 9 ,basle 9 #aebh1 b\ght a h\se1 design$ = goldsmi?s1 work$ aga9 on 8 unf9i%$ frescoes 9 ! ,ra?aus1 made ano!r portrait ( ,erasmus & pa9t$ ! faces ( clocks4 ,9 #aecb ,holbe9 decid$ to return to ,london1 :]e1 aft] a p]iod ( work+ 9 ! ,g]man colony1 he became ,c\rt-,pa9t] to ,h5ry ,,viii ) a sal>y ( ?irty p\nds a ye> & rooms 9 ! ,palace4 ,f t "t onw>d ,holbe9 pa9t$ ev]ybody ( importance 9 ,tudor ,engl&4 ,he also aid$ 9 ! /reet decorations = ,anne ,boleyn's ,coronation procession & fe/ivities4 ,holbe9 0 also s5t on v>i\s missions by ,h5ry ,,viii to pa9t portraits2 also 9 #aech to ,brussels1 to pa9t ! portrait ( ! "y wid[1 ,*ri/9a ( ,d5m>k1 ,du*ess ( ,milan2 & 9 #aeci1 to ,cleves1 to pa9t ,anne1 si/] ( ! ,duke4 ,^! two portraits 7 ord]$ by ! ,k+ ) a view to matrimony1 9 case !y met ) 8 favor4 ,! fir/ portrait 7n[ 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london7 repres5t+1 9 h] m\rn+ g>b ( black sat91 ,*ri/9a ! "y wid[ ( ,francesco ,s=za1 bro!r ( ,maximilian ,s=za 7see page #adh7 & :o 01 moreov]1 niece ( ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v1 9 e way1 !re=e1 a di/+ui%$ & desirable bride1 pleas$ ,h5ry ,,viii s well t he (f]$ 8 royal h& on see+ x4 ,b ! wise "y ,du*ess1 decl9+ ! h& repli$ s>ca/ically 8t un=tunately %e _h only "o head2 if %e _h two1 "o w\ld be at ,8 ,maje/y's s]vice40 ,! o!r portrait ( ,anne ( ,cleves 7n[ 9 ! ,l\vre71 9 purple velvet fla%+ ) jewels1 /&+ full face1 ) beautifully pa9t$ h&s lad5 ) r+s & clasp$ gracefully1 ga9$ = ?is lady ! ,royal ,bluebe>d2 b only = a %ort "t4 ,! portrait 0 too flatt]+ ( ! 8,fl&]s ,m>e01 z ,h5ry ,,viii call$ h]1 & ! f\r? wife 0 soon divorc$4 ,9 #aech ,holbe9 w5t to ,basle on a mission = ! ,k+1 visit$ 8 wife & *ildr5 &1 refus+ lib]al (f]s f ! municipality ( ,basle to rema9 !re1 return$ to ,london4 ,back aga9 9 8 ,engli% qu>t]s1 he cont9u$ 8 pa9t+ until he di$ 9 #aedc1 suppos$ly ( ! ,plague1 :i* 0 !n rag+4 ,,sir ,,?omas ,,m4 ,hans ,holbe9 7#adig-aedc74 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clay ,frick4 ,?is 0 "o ( ! fir/ portraits t ,holbe9 pa9t$ 9 ,engl& & 0 done 9 #aebf-aebg1 :ile ,holbe9 0 a gue/ 9 ,sir ,?omas's delightful home at ,*elsea4 ,x is a life-size1 half-l5g? portrait on panel 7#bc #bi in*es71 repres5t+ ,sir ,?omas 9 a d>k-gre5 coat ) purple velvet sleeves1 fur coll>1 & l>ge hat4 ,! conspicu\s & heavy d\ble ,s-*a9 ( gold ) a d\ble rose p5dant1 significant ( ! union ( ! ,r$ & ,:ite ,roses ( ,lanca/] & ,york1 0 only p]mitt$ to ,knights4 ,8 "r h& holds a pap] & ! arm re/s on a table1 on :i* ! date is inscrib$4 ,?is portrait 0 pa9t$ be=e ,sir ,?omas ,m became ,"l ,*ancellor 9 #aebi4 8,8 face10 says ,dr4 ,alfr$ ,woltman1 8%[s t calm repose :i* indicat$ ! utmo/ h>mony ( nature & inw>d peace2 b ! expression is "o ( ! deepe/ s]i\sness1 ?\gh g5tl5ess is l9k$ ) x4 ,! f9ely-cut lips are firmly clos$2 !re is some?+ almo/ vision>y 9 ! bright & p5etrat+ glance1 ?\gh o!rwise ! features betok5 cle> judgm5t1 comb9$ ) moral /rictness & nobility ( feel+4 ,9 look+ at ! picture ! words occur to u ) :i* ,erasmus 9 ano!r passage concisely sums up ,m's *>act]i/ics3 #8,he possess$ t beautiful ease ( m9d1 or1 /ill bett]1 t piety & prud5ce ) :i* he joyfully adapts himself to ev]y?+ t comes1 z ?\gh x 7 ! be/ t c\ld come4'0 ,sir ,?omas ,m 0 born 9 #adgh 9 ,*eapside1 ,london1 ! son ( ,sir ,john ,m1 & 0 behead$ 9 #aece = refus+ to support ! ,act ( ,supremacy4 ,m 0 "o ( ! mo/ intellectual & highly cultur$ m5 ( 8 "t4 ,he wrote "o ( ! mo/ fam\s ( books1 ,utopia4 ,sir ,?omas 0 also a f9e critic ( pa9t+4 ,he 0 knight$ 9 #aeba4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clay ,frick ,,sir ,,?omas ,,m --,hans ,holbe9 ! ,y\ng] ,erasmus gives a picture ( ,sir ,?omas & 8 home 9 a lett] to ,ulri* von ,hutt51 writt5 f ,*elsea4 ,he says3 8,m has built ne> ,london ^u ! ,?ames a mode/ b commodi\s h\se4 ,!re he lives surr\nd$ by 8 l>ge family--8 wife1 8 son1 8 son's wife1 8 ?ree daught]s & _! husb&s ) elev5 gr&-*ildr54 ,!re is n any man liv+ s affectionate to 8 *ildr5 z he1 & he love? 8 old wife z if %e 7 a girl ( fifte54 ,su* is ! goodness ( 8 nature t :atsoev] come? ab\t :i* _c be help$ he is z *e]ful & well satisfi$ z if ! be/ _h happ5$4 ,9 ,m's h\se y w\ld say t ! ,academy ( ,plato liv$ aga9 save t :]eas 9 ! ,academy ! conv]sation turn$ ^u geometry & ! p[] ( numb]s1 ! h\se at ,*elsea is a true s*ool ( ,*ri/ian religion4 ,9 x is no "o1 man or woman1 b /uddie? ! lib]al arts1 yet above all piety is _! c>e4 ,!re is nev] any se5 idle2 ! head ( ! h\se gov]ns x1 n by l(ty demeanor & frequ5t rebukes1 b by g5tle & lovable mann]s4 ,ev]yone is busy 9 8 place do+ 8 bus9ess ) dilig5ce2 nor is sob] mir? abs5t40 ,,dirk ,,b]ck ,,( ,,cologne4 ,hans ,holbe9 7#adig-aedc74 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,:5 ,holbe9 return$ to ,engl& on 8 second trip 9 #aecb1 8 fri5d & patron1 ,sir ,?omas ,m1 0 out ( favor4 ,h[ev]1 he f\nd a cordial welcome among 8 compatriots--! ,g]man m]*ants ( ! ,/eely>d4 ,^! ,g]man m]*ants _h =m$ !mselves into an association ( real p[]3 inde$1 !y _h made a little city ( _! own1 :i* w5t by ! "n ( ,/ahlh(1 :]e !y manag$ all _! bus9ess1 kept _! /ores1 _h _! c\nt+-h\ses1 _! ,b\rse1 _! ,guildhall1 & _! homes2 &1 be+ ,g]mans1 ( c\rse !y _h a fe/ival-hall & spaci\s g>d5s on ! bank ( ! ,?ames1 :]e !y c\ld enjoy !mselves4 ,! company1 =m+ a "p ( ! great ,hanseatic ,league1 0 opul5t & dealt l>gely 9 iron & preci\s metals4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon ,,dirk ,,b]ck ,,( ,,cologne --,hans ,holbe9 ! ,y\ng] ,consequ5tly1 among ! gr\p 7 skill$ goldsmi?s1 wat*-mak]s1 armor]s1 & _m o!r prosp]\s artisans z well z bank]s4 ,! brilliant pa9t] _h no difficulty 9 gett+ ord]s = portraits2 & we may be v sure t aft] he _h produc$ su* a ma/]ly lik5ess z t ( ,georg ,gisze 7n[ 9 ! ,b]l9 ,museum71 he mu/ h be5 9 ev5 great] dem&1 z ! numb]s ( 8/eely>d portraits0 scatt]$ 9 v>i\s gall]ies atte/4 ,?is p>ticul> portrait 9 oils on panel 7#ba #af in*es7 0 pa9t$ 9 #aecf1 z we le>n f ! "r h& corn]1 :i* be>s ! date & ! sitt]'s age1 8,an #aecf ,aeta4 #cj40 ,dirk ,b]ck ( ,cologne appe>s at half-l5g? fac+ u full face f a backgr\nd ( blue reliev$ by a gre5 curta9 ) r$ /r+s4 ,dirk ,b]ck is dress$ 9 a heavy1 black1 & lu/r\s silk cloak ) a wide coll>1 an embroid]$ %irt %[+ at ! op5+ at ! neck1 a flat cap 7some?+ l a biretta7 at a slight angle on 8 head1 ) 8 hair cut 9 a fr+e 7or 8bobb$07 t ne>ly cov]s 8 e>s4 ,he has a slight m\/a*e & a full squ>e-cut be>d1 :i* makes him appe> old] ?an 8 ?irty ye>s4 ,8 small eyes are d>k blue & intellig5t1 8 br[s are black1 8 *eek bones are prom95t1 & 8 g5]al expression is s]i\s & r k9dly4 ,8 h&s re/ "o ^u ! o!r1 ! "r "o on top1 :ile ! left1 plac$ on ! table1 holds a lett] address$ to himself3 8,dem ,ersame ',u 7,n7 d from5 ,d]ick b]k i4 ,london upt4 ,/alh(0 ) ! tradem>k ( 8 h\se & ! motto1 8besad dz end0 7consid] ! end74 ,a small piece ( pap] ly+ on ! r$-cov]$ table be>s ?is ,lat9 s5t5ce f ,virgil3 8,olim mem9isse juvabit0 7,h]eaft] ,i %all be rememb]$7 :i* speaks well = ,dirk ,b]ck's e/imation ( ,holbe9 & 8 intellig5t =eca/ ( ours4 ,! portrait came f ! ,collection ( ,"l ,leconfield1 ,petwor?1 ,sussex1 & 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,collection ( ,colonel ,egremont ,wyndham1 also ( ,petwor?1 ,sussex1 & ! ,e>ls ( ,egremont4 ,,jean ,,de ,,d9teville4 ,hans ,holbe9 7#adig-aedc74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman4 ,?is g5tleman 9 black co/ume ) black cap & :ite %irt sits at a table cov]$ ) a r$ clo? 7"o ( ,holbe9's favorite arrangem5ts71 & 9 front ( an apple-gre5 curta94 ,ar\nd 8 neck he we>s a f9e gold *a9 & a black ribbon1 to :i* is atta*$ a little case ( gold /udd$ ) jewels4 ,8 eyes are v blue b r cold1 giv+ "o ! idea t ,jean de ,d9teville is some?+ ( a dream]4 ,8 h&s1 beautifully drawn & pa9t$1 ga9 additional grace f ! f9e ruffles at 8 wri/s4 ,9 8 "r h& he holds a roll ( pap] 7mo/ likely a musical composition71 & ! left f+]s close ar\nd ! neck ( a lute4 ,on ! table be=e him two books are ly+--"o %ut & "o op5--& bo? books are suppli$ ) gre5 book-m>ks1 t draw ! re/ ( ! picture into h>mony ) ! gre5 curta9 at ! back4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,goldman ,,jean ,,de ,,d9teville --,hans ,holbe9 ! ,y\ng] ,?is portrait1 9 oils on panel 7#ag #ag in*es71 is suppos$ to be ! same "o li/$ 9 ! inv5tory ( ,ale!a1 ,c\ntess ( ,arundel1 9 #afed z ,ritratto d'un ,musico4 ,x 0 9 ! ,collection ( ,ralph ,b]nal1 ,london1 & sold at ,*ri/ie's 9 #ahee to ,mr4 ,morant = #ajj gu9eas2 subsequ5tly1 ! picture 0 9 ! ,collection ( ,sir ,john ,ramsd51 ,b>t41 ,bul/rode ,p>k1 ,buck+ham%ire1 hav+ be5 pur*as$ by him at an auction 9 ,scotl& 9 #ahfj4 ,jean de ,d9teville1 ,"l ( ,polisy & ,bailly ( ,troyes1 0 born 9 #aejd & di$ 9 #aeee4 ,aft] hav+ s]v$ z a diplomat 9 ! ,c\rt ( ,francis ,i1 he 0 s5t z ,ambassador to ,engl& 9 #aeec1 9 :i* ye> ,holbe9 pa9t$ him ) ,george de ,selve 9 ! l>ge picture kn[n z ,! ,ambassadors1 n[ 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 ,9 ?is picture ,jean de ,d9teville /&s on ! left1 we>+ a black kilt$ co/ume1 :i* includes a cloak l9$ ) :ite fur4 ,ar\nd 8 neck is a heavy gold *a9 ) ! ,fr5* ,ord] ( ,sa9t ,mi*el1 at 8 side is a dagg] ) gold hilt & %ea?1 & 8 black cap is ornam5t$ ) a silv] skull set 9 gold4 ,a lute1 a case ( flutes1 & a music-book ne> him proclaim ! musician4 ,?is picture is dat$ #aeec4 ,,c>d9al ,,albre*t ,,z ,,sa9t ,,hi]onymus4 ,lucas ,crana* ! ,eld] 7#adgb-aeec74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,john ,r+l+4 ,?is picture 7#di #ce in*es71 came into possession ( ! pres5t own] f ,b>on ,viehweg ( ,hanov]1 9 ^: family x _h be5 s9ce ! "t ( ,crana*4 ,all ( ,crana*'s delightful *>act]i/ics are repres5t$ "h4 ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ?is pa9t+ ) ,dr]'s pr9t ( ,/4 ,j]ome 9 8 ,/udy1 ! latt] s s]i\s & ! "o repres5t$ "h s m]ry4 ,crana*'s ,/4 ,j]ome rem9ds u ( a jolly old ,g]man folksong4 ,9 ?is p]fectly ,teutonic sett+ ) *>act]i/ic ,g]man furniture & ! favorite 8antl]0 *&eli]1 no?+ has be5 =gott52 & ,/4 ,j]ome 9 8 r$ ,c>d9al's robe & biretta sits propp$ up be=e 8 read+-desk truly mon>* ( all he surveys4 ,8 crucifix & devotional books are plac$ conv5i5tly on 8 table & he has j look$ up = a mom5t f 8 task ( translat+ ! ,scriptures4 ,8 big r$ ,c>d9al's hat1 too1 is plac$ 9 ! =egr\nd1 s t we _c miss x & ! picture ( ! ,madonna & ,*ild on ! wall is purposely turn$ out ( prop] p]spective s t we _c lose any ( its 8beauties40 ,/4 ,j]ome takes good he$ ( "t2 = on ! wall1 at 8 left1 an h\r-glass trickles away ! m9utes4 ,x is to be hop$ t he fe$s 8 birds & animals regul>ly6 ,& h[ delici\sly ^! little fri5ds are pa9t$4 ,e memb] ( ,/4 ,j]ome's m5ag]ie looks happy except ! lion4 ,!re is /ill ! 8call ( ! wild0 9 8 eye & he seems to be try+ to control himself2 b if ,/4 ,j]ome does n wat* 8 h\r-glass & %\ld happ5 to delay ! d9n]-h\r1 x looks z if ?+s might g v badly = ! pheasant family4 ,!re 7 ?ree traditional ways ( repres5t+ ,/4 ,j]ome3 ,/4 ,j]ome z ,p5it5t 9 ! ,des]t2 ,/4 ,j]ome z ,patron ,sa9t & ,doctor ( ! *ur*2 & ,/4 ,j]ome z ,translator & ,comm5tator ( ! ,scriptures4 ,:5 ,/4 ,j]ome is se5 translat+ ! ,bible1 ! lion is s frequ5tly pres5t t he seems to be an editorial necessity2 & almo/ inv>iably ! ,c>d9al's hat is ly+ some:]e ne> ,/4 ,j]ome4 ,!re is no au?ority = mak+ ,/4 ,j]ome a ,c>d9al2 because ,c>d9als 7 n orda9$ until ?ree c5turies aft] ,/4 ,j]ome's dea?4 ,lucas ,crana* ! ,eld] 0 born 9 ,krona* 9 ,franconia 9 #adgb & di$ 9 ,weim> 9 #aeec4 ,crana* 0 ! fir/ pa9t] ( importance ( ! ,saxon ,s*ool & took 8 "n f 8 native t[n4 ,he 0 a pupil ( 8 fa!r & has z important a reputation = 8 engrav+s on wood & copp] z = 8 pa9t+s4 ,crana* seems to h liv$ 9 ,vi5na1 ,innsbrck1 ,augsburg1 ,witt5b]g1 & ,weim>2 & x is said t he visit$ ! ,holy ,l& 9 #adic1 ) ! ,elector ,fr$]ic ! ,wise4 ,9 #aejd he settl$ p]man5tly 9 ,witt5b]g z ,c\rt-,pa9t] to ! ,elector ,fr$]ic ! ,wise2 & he cont9u$ z ,c\rt-,pa9t] to ! ?ree succe$+ ,electors4 ,9 #aeji he 0 s5t by ! ,elector on an embassy to ! ,emp]or ,maximilian2 & on ?is visit he pa9t$ ! portrait ( 8 son1 ! ,ar*duke ,philip 7fa!r ( ,*>les ,v74 ,crana* 0 evid5tly ( importance 9 ,witt5b]g1 = he 0 ,burgoma/] 9 #aecg & #aedj4 ,he _h an art-/udio1 a book-pr9t+ bus9ess1 & an apo!c>y-%op4 ,8 h\se1 call$ ! 8,adl]10 0 burn$ d[n 9 #ahga4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,john ,r+l+ ,,c>d9al ,,albre*t ,,z ,,sa9t ,,hi]onymus --,lucas ,crana* ! ,eld] ,crana* 0 an intimate fri5d ( ,lu!r & ,melanc?on &1 consequ5tly1 0 greatly affect$ by ! ,re=mation4 ,he pa9t$ ,lu!r _m times4 ,crana* always pa9t$ ) oils on panels ( wood & 8 color+ is w>m & ri*4 ,8 draw+ is some:at ar*aic2 b (t5 v amus+4 ,8 *e]ful fancy l$ him to introduce birds & animals into 8 pictures4 ,crana* excell$ 9 portraiture & always gives a reali/ic & some:at gay pres5tation ( ! ,g]man p ( 8 day4 ,,spani% ,,pa9t+ ,,spani% ,,pa9t+ ,spani% ,pa9t+ develop$ sl[ly al?\gh !re 7 s*ools 9 all ! prov9ces4 ,ev5 9 ! ,f\rte5? ,c5tury little 0 kn[n ab\t ,spani% ,art 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,/>n9a1 :o sp5t n9e ye>s 9 ,spa9 7hav+ tak5 refuge f 8 "p 9 civil di/urbances 9 ,flor5ce71 pa9t+ pictures 9 ! ,escurial = ,john ( ,ca/ile1 _h mu* to tell :5 he return$ to ,flor5ce 9 #achg & introduc$ ,spani% co/umes into ! frescoes he made 9 ! ,c>m9e4 ,o!r ,italian pa9t]s foll[$ ,/>n9a & ,italian ideas dom9at$ ,spani% ,art until ! ,emp]or ,*>les ,v became ,k+ ( ,spa94 ,*>les1 al?\gh heir ( ,maximilian & ( ! ,holy ,roman ,empire1 0 also a direct desc5dant ( ! ,dukes ( ,burgundy1 ! great-gr&son ( ,*>les ! ,bold4 ,*>les ,v 0 born 9 ,gh5t & sp5t 8 fir/ sixte5 ye>s 9 ! ,ne!rl&s1 br\ght up by 8 aunt1 ,m>g>et ( ,au/ria4 ,*>les's devotion to 8 bir?place is well-kn[n2 & 8 pun t he c\ld put ! :ole ( ,p>is into 8 ,gant 7glove71 %[s h[ f> sup]ior he consid]$ ,gh5t to ,p>is4 ,*>les took ) him to ,spa9 a va/ horde ( arti/s & artisans f ! ,l[ ,c\ntries2 & he also import$ ! punctili\s & traditional etiquette ( ! old ,burgundian ,c\rt1 :i*1 absorb$ into ,spa91 ev5tually became kn[n z 8,spani% etiquette40 ,spani% arti/s 7 pr(\ndly affect$ ) ,flemi% te*nique & realism4 ,! lead+ e>ly ,spani% pa9t]s are ,b>tolom ,v]mejo1 active 9 ! late ,fifte5? ,c5tury1 a native ( ,cordova 9 ,&alusia1 :o comb9$ ,flemi% & ,arabian ideas ) native traditions2 ,p$ro ,b]ruguete 7active #adhc-aejd72 ,luis de ,v>gas 7#aejb-aefh72 & ,luis de ,morales 7#aeji8-aehf74 ,!n aga9 an important =eign] arriv$--,antonio ,moro 7or ,mor71 :o1 aft] s]v+ ,c>d9al ,granvella1 0 s5t by ,m>y ( ,hung>y to ,madrid1 :]e he became ,c\rt-,pa9t] to ! ,h\se ( ,hapsburg4 ,!nce=w>d ,moro 0 con/antly employ$ by ,philip ,,ii to pa9t portraits 9 v>i\s ,c\rts1 al?\gh 8 headqu>t]s seem to h be5 9 ,utre*t4 ,moro tra9$ ! ,spani>d1 ,alonso ,san*ez ,coello 7#aeae8-aeij71 :o1 l himself1 0 r /iff & h>d1 b able to pa9t a satisfactory portrait4 ,!n 9 #aege ano!r =eign pa9t] arriv$4 ,?is "t x 0 a ,greek1 ,dom5ico ,!otocop\los 7#aede8-afad71 a native ( ,crete & said to h /udi$ "u ,titian 9 ,v5ice4 8,el ,greco10 h[ev]1 caught none ( ! gl[+ colors ( ,v5ice on 8 palette4 ,au/]e & gloomy1 he settl$ 9 au/]e & gloomy ,tol$o1 :]e he liv$ all ! re/ ( 8 life pa9t+ religi\s pictures & portraits f a /range & morbid po9t ( view4 ,francisco de ,ribalta 7#aeea8-afbh71 revolt+ aga9/ ,classic ta/e1 f\nd$ 8 /yle on ,c>avaggio & pa9t$ d>kly 9 ! 8t5ebroso0 mann]4 ,8 pupil1 ,jusefe ,rib]a 7#aehi-afeb71 call$ 8,lo ,spagnoletto10 born ne> ,val5cia1 settl$ 9 ,naples1 :]e he fill$ _m ord]s = ,philip ,,iv4 ,francisco ,pa*eco 7#aega-afed71 & ,francisco de ,h]r]a ! ,eld] 7#aegf-afef7 are *iefly notable because !y 7 ! ma/]s ( ,velasquez4 ,h]r]a orig9at$ ! 8bodegones0 7%op-pictures71 :i* are sc5es ( popul> life4 ,francisco ,zurb>an 7#aeih-affb71 ( ! ,s*ool ( ,seville1 0 call$ 8! ,spani% ,c>avaggio40 ,?r\gh ! influ5ce ( 8 fri5d1 ,velasquez1 he ent]$ ! s]vice ( ! ,k+4 ,x is said t ,philip ,,iv call$ him 8,p9tor del ,rey y ,rey de los ,p9tores0 7,pa9t] ( ! ,k+ & ,k+ ( ! ,pa9t]s74 ,zurb>an pa9t$ ! great alt>-piece 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,seville4 ,don ,diego de ,silva y ,velasquez 7#aeii-affj71 a native ( ,seville1 became pa9t] to ,philip ,,iv 9 #afbc & cont9u$ 9 8 s]vice all 8 life4 ,8 works range f su* gr\ps z ,las ,m59as & ,las ,hil&]as to portraits ( k+s1 que5s1 pr9ces1 pr9cesses1 ladies1 g5tlem51 dw>fs1 & idiots4 ,b>tolom ,e/ban ,murillo 7#afag-afhb71 a native ( ,seville1 came ( ! poor1 labor+ class & develop$ into a belov$ pa9t]1 p>ticul>ly fam\s = 8 ,holy ,families & ,immaculate ,conceptions4 ,aft] ,velasquez & ,murillo !re 0 no important pa9t] until ! orig9al1 v]satile1 & prolific ,goya y ,luci5tes 7#agdf-ahbh71 a native ( ,aragon1 :o rose f a labor] 9 ! fields to ,c\rt-,pa9t]4 ,goya _h a pr(\nd influ5ce on mod]n art1 greatly affect+1 = in/ance1 ,manet & ,john ,s+] ,s>g5t4 ,,c>d9al ,,quiroga4 ,el ,greco 7#aede8-afad74 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clay ,frick4 ,?is picture1 oil on canvas 7#cg #dc in*es71 0 discov]$1 coat$ ) ! du/ & dirt ( ages1 9 a d>k corn] ( ! sacri/y ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,valladolid1 :]e x _h evid5tly be5 hidd5 = c5turies4 ,a ,p>isian deal]1 hav+ he>d ( x1 pur*as$ x1 & f him x pass$ ?r\gh sev]al h&s until x rea*$ its pres5t home4 ,! subject repres5ts a ,c>d9al seat$ be=e a table on :i* a volume is ly+ & ! ,c>d9al's h&s are conspicu\sly pos$ ^u opposite pages4 ,! "r ?umb po9t$ d[nw>ds emphatically ^u a c]ta9 v]se might possibly po9t to a special text t ! ,c>d9al 0 associat$ ) z betok5+ a fam\s s]mon deliv]$ by him1 or1 p]haps1 an important controv]sy ) :i* 8 "n 0 associat$4 ,! figure1 face1 & h&s are v elongat$1 z 9 all ( ,el ,greco's p]=mances2 b ! g5]al effect is m reposeful ?an usual ) ?is pa9t]4 ,p]haps ,el ,greco pull$ ! ,c>d9al out on 8 b$ ( ,procru/es z f> z he d>$1 b ! ,c>d9al 0 long & ?9 & att5uat$ anyway1 s t he 0 a model1 z x 71 ready made4 ,x is "o ( ,el ,greco's be/ works4 ,! silv]y hair & mi/ ( be>d are m>vell\sly pa9t$1 z are also ! pi]c+ eyes1 ke5 & se>*+1 yet betray+ ! philosoph] & man ( mu* read+4 ,! face is int5sely intellectual1 b h>d & cruel4 ,no "o w\ld c>e to attempt to break a lance ) ?is g5tleman 9 any k9d ( an argum5t4 ,) all 8 high-br$ atmosph]e1 z bo? g5tleman & /ud5t1 ,quiroga expresses a n>r[ bigotry & remorseless cruelty4 ,! picture is also kn[n z ,/4 ,j]ome2 & !re are five replicas ( x1 "o ( !m be+ 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clay ,frick ,,c>d9al ,,quiroga --,el ,greco 8,el ,greco0 is ! "n by :i* ,dom5ico ,!otocop\los became kn[n to 8 contempor>ies4 ,he 0 born 9 ,crete1 & 9 #aegj1 :5 he 0 ab\t tw5ty-five or ?irty1 he w5t to ,v5ice1 &1 x is said1 /udi$ "u ,titian4 ,ab\t #aege he settl$ 9 ,tol$o1 :]e he liv$ = ?irty-f\r ye>s until 8 dea? 9 #afad1 & :]e 8,la casa del ,greco0 is /ill %[n to t\ri/s4 ,el ,greco pa9t$ a numb] ( pictures1 *iefly religi\s1 not)/&+ ! fact t 8! individuality & /rang5ess ( 8 "w always m or less disconc]t$ 8 patrons40 ,el ,greco also pa9t$ portraits & seems to h elongat$ e sitt] to con=m to 8 own ideas4 ,ev]y?+ t he pa9t$ proclaims 8 own f]vor & love ( motion4 ,el ,greco also design$ ! dome = ! !n unf9i%$ t[] ( ! we/ front ( ! ,tol$o ,ca!dral1 :i* pres5ts a v /range contra/ ) its companion1 ! ornate ,go?ic t[]4 ,hugh ,/okes says3 8,el ,greco /&s ap>t1 bo? 9 8 portraiture & 8 l>ge subject compositions4 ,a ,greek by family1 ,!otocop\los does n fail to rem9d u ( ! ar*aic ,byzant9es4 ,at fir/ 8 limit$ palette1 8 crudity1 8 angul>ity excite repulsion4 ,all 8 figures are muscul>ly di/5d$ z if !y _h rec5tly pass$ ! ordeal ( ! rack4 ,gradually ^! v defects attract4 ,!re is a movem5t & passion 9 8 pictures :i* c be f\nd 9 v few purely ,spani% works4 ,^! agitat$ patri>*s & apo/les1 ) drap]ies caught by e w9d ( heav51 are almo/ demoniac4 ,nature h]self assi/s1 = ea* horizon 9 ! backgr\nd fr[ns ) a ga!r+ mael/rom ( black ?und]cl\ds40 ,,! ,,virg9 ,,appe>+ ,,to ,,/4 ,,dom9ic4 ,el ,greco 7#aede8-afad74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,horace ,h>d+4 ,! ,virg91 9 ! traditional r$ robe & blue mantle1 has float$ on a cl\d into ! *ur* :]e ,/4 ,dom9ic has be5 pray+4 ,! vision1 z told "h by ,el ,greco1 seems z real to u z x does to ! a/oni%$ monk4 ,dom9ic de ,guzman1 :o f\nd$ ! ,dom9ican ,ord] ( ,prea*+ ,fri>s 9 #abae1 0 born 9 ,cal>oga1 ,old ,ca/ile1 9 #aagj4 ,/4 ,dom9ic w5t on a mission to ! ,albig5ses 9 ,langu$oc4 & ! ,dom9ican ,ord] grew out ( ! volunte]s :o jo9$ him !re4 ,! re/ ( 8 life 0 sp5t 9 ,t\l\se & ,rome4 ,he di$ 9 #abba & 0 canoniz$ 9 #abcd by ,gregory ,,ix4 ,! ,dom9ican ,ord] 0 kn[n 9 ,engl& z ! ,black ,fri>s 7f _! black habit7 & 9 ,france z ,jacob9s1 because _! *ief h\se 9 ,p>is 0 9 ! rue ,/4 ,jacques4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,horace ,h>d+ ,,! ,,virg9 ,,appe>+ ,,to ,,/4 ,,dom9ic --,el ,greco ,?is picture1 oils on canvas 7#bd #ci in*es7 came f ! ,collection ( ,h5ri ,r\ats ( ,p>is & %[s ,el ,greco's ec/asy ) less exagg]ation & ecc5tricity ?an is cu/om>y ) him4 ,elie ,faure has well def9$ ! *>act]i/ics ( ,el ,greco3 8,remorse at hav+ be5 born10 he says 8pursues ! pa9t] until ! end1 b :5 he expresses x 9 8 art1 ! magnific5ce :i* x takes on atones = 8 t]rors4 ,at ! end ( 8 life he pa9t$ l "o 9 an halluc9ation1 9 a k9d ( ec/atic nightm>e1 :]e preoccupation ) express+ ! _s engross$ him4 ,de=mation appe>s 9 8 pictures m & m1 l5g!n+ ! bodies1 att5uat+ ! f+]s1 & holl[+ ! faces4 ,8 blues1 8 w9e-l r$s1 & 8 gre5s seem lit by "s livid reflection s5t to him f ! ne>-by tomb & f ,hell1 caught sight ( f et]nal bliss4 ,if !re is a place :]e %ad[s w&]1 if 9 "s s9i/] valley !re are corpses t /& upright & liv+ spectres t h n yet lo/ _! =m1 ,dom5ico ,!otocop\los alone aft] ,dante has f\nd x4 ,"o w\ld say t he is explor+ a dead planet1 t he is desc5d+ into ext9ct volcanoes1 :]e a%es accumulate & a pale half moon %$s h] light40 ,,m>ianne ,,( ,,au/ria4 ,velasquez 7#aeii-affj74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,philip ,lehman4 ,?is picture 7#ad #ai in*es7 0 = _m ye>s a valu$ possession ( ! ,z5on ,gall]y1 ,cadiz1 & repres5ts ! little girl1 daught] ( ,f]d9& ,,ii1 :o became ! wife ( ,philip ,,iv 9 #afdi & :o _h fir/ be5 betro!d to ,philip's son1 ,don ,bal?az> ,c>los4 ,! latt] di$ 9 #afdf4 ,?ree ye>s lat] ,philip ,,iv s5t = ! little ,gr& ,du*ess to be 8 second wife4 ,! reason = ?is m>riage 0 a dyna/ic "o1 = x unit$ ! ,spani% bran* ( ! ,h\se ( ,hapsburg ) ! ,g]man bran* ( ! ,h\se ( ,hapsburg1 ,m>ianne be+ a desc5dant ( ,f]d9&1 bro!r ( ,*>les ,v1 &1 !re=e1 ( exactly ! same blood z ,philip ,,iv4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,philip ,lehman ,,m>ianne ,,( ,,au/ria --,velasquez ,velasquez 0 "o ( ^? pa9t]s favor$ by ! gods4 ,l ,rub5s1 he e>ly attract$ ,royal patronage & held x all 8 life4 ,!re 7 no /ruggles ( g5ius = recognition3 all he _h to d 0 to complete & develop 8 gifts & tal5ts4 ,9 #afbc he 0 introduc$ to ,philip ,,iv by ,oliv>es & ,philip took him into 8 s]vice4 ,rub5s1 visit+ ,madrid 9 #afbh1 begg$ ,velasquez to g to ,italy4 ,velasquez did s & sp5t a ye> 9 ,rome1 visit$ ,naples1 :]e he met 8 c\ntryman1 ,rib]a4 ,on 8 return to ,madrid1 he 0 giv5 a pa9t+-room 9 ! ,royal ,palace4 ,velasquez visit$ ,italy sev]al times 9 ! future2 & on "o visit to ,rome pa9t$ ! fam\s portrait ( ,pope ,innoc5t ,x1 n[ 9 ! ,doria ,gall]y 7) a replica 9 ,! ,h]mitage74 ,back aga9 9 ,madrid1 ,velasquez 0 decorat$ ) ! ,cross ( ,/4 ,iago by ,philip ,,iv1 :o made him ,apos5tador ,major 7gr& m>%al ( ! palace74 ,to ! la/ p]iod belong 8 mo/ important portraits1 ! s]ies ( c\rt freaks1 & ! fam\s ,las ,hil&]as & ,las ,m59as4 ,velasquez di$ 9 ,madrid 9 #affj4 ,,philip ,,iv ,,( ,,spa94 ,velasquez 7#aeii-affj74 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clay ,frick4 ,?is portrait kn[n z ! 8,p>ma ,velasquez10 because x belong$ to ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,p>ma1 is pa9t$ 9 oils on canvas 7#ch #eb in*es74 ,x 0 pa9t$ 9 #afdd 9 ,cataluna1 :]e ,philip _h gone to try to raise ! siege ( ,l]ida inve/$ by ! ,fr5*4 ,velasquez w5t ) ! ,k+ & pa9t$ ! picture 9 a dilapidat$ hovel1 :i* 0 fitt$ up = ! purpose ( a /udio4 ,a contempor>y record says3 8,! ,k+ dress$ z a soldi] pos$ to ,velasquez 9 fitt$ hose edg$ ) silv] embroid]y1 sleeves ( same1 pla9 buck j]k91 r$ sa% edg$ ) silv]1 cape ( r$ fu/ian1 fall+ coll>1 & black sombr]o ) crimson plumes40 ,! ,k+ 0 kept amus$ by 8 dw>f1 ,el ,primo1 :ile ! portrait 0 be+ pa9t$4 ,! co/ume is ! "o t ,philip usually appe>$ 9 be=e 8 army z comm&]-9-*ief4 8,f ! figure itself10 says ,c>l ,ju/i1 8x is evid5t t x 0 tak5 f> f ! atmosph]e ( ! ,alcaz>4 ,x is fre] ?an ^? tall figures 9 black1 :i* are p]petually receiv+ despat*es1 & :i* are ! inc>nation ( unrel5t+ monotony1 ( ! we>9ess ( etiquette4 ,to ?is effect ! color contributes mu*1 = ! picture is all light & brightness4 ,! legs seem to /& 9 pr(ile1 b ! body & head face to ! "r2 ! :ite bton 9 ! "r h& is plant$ aga9/ ! hip2 ! elb[ ( ! left :i* holds ! hat1 re/s on ! hilt ( ! sword1 &1 curi\sly en\gh1 bo? arms are dispos$ 9 a some:at p>allel position4 ,! l9es ( ! ,k+'s features1 n[ 9 8 ?irty-n9? ye>1 are firm]1 ! color fre%] ?an hi!rto4 ,! o!rwise insep>able golilla is "h replac$ by a broad lace coll> fall+ on ! %\ld]s2 ! h&s are :ite 9 unison ) ! :ite sleeves1 ! mo/ lum9\s p>ts ( ! :ole picture--well nurtur$1 royal h&s1 r+less1 b by no means #8wa%$ out1' z has be5 suppos$ by ^? unacqua9t$ ) ! ma/]'s habit ( disp5s+ ) %ade to indicate ! f+]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clay ,frick ,,philip ,,iv ,,( ,,spa9 --,velasquez 8,philip we>s a ri*1 light r$ d\blet ) hang+ sleeves1 ! n>r[ op5+ %[+ ! lea!r j]k9 und]nea?4 ,( l color & also cov]$ ) silv] embroid]y are ! b&oli] & hose4 ,! only pat* ( gold is ! ,gold5 ,fleece1 all else--coll>1 sleeves ( j]k9 7pe>l tone71 lace cuffs1 lace ruffle ( boots1 silv] %ea?--be+ :ite4 ,?is :ite on ! r$ produces ! well-kn[n effects ( a light] or #8camellian r$4' ,! hat alone is black1 :i* is n 9 keep+ ) ! co/ume1 & may probably be due to lic5se on ! "p ( ! arti/1 :o "h wi%$ to avoid :ite on :ite1 & :o ne$$ a d>k "p 9 s(t5+ contra/ to ! silv]y r$ ( ! :ole4 ,at ! same "t ! r$ ( ! b&oli] & plume on ! r$ ( ! d\blet %[s ! pa9t]'s indiff]5ce to su* matt]s4 ,to all ?is mu/ be add$ ! full flood ( daylight :i* ev5 projects an oblique %ad[ f ! mu/a*ios on to ! *eek4 ,! /up5d\s relief is effect$ by ! empty1 d>k-grey surface ( ! gr\nd & by ! sp>e br[n %ad[s1 :i* help to br+ out ! coll>1 arm1 & hat40 ,:5 ! portrait 0 f9i%$ 8x 0 hung 9 ! *ur* "u a canopy embroid]$ 9 gold :]e mu* p congregat$ to see x40 ,! record adds t 8copies !re( are already be+ made40 ,! "o 9 ! ,dulwi* ,gall]y1 ,engl&1 is "o ( ^!4 ,! picture 0 s5t by ,f]d9& ,,vi1 ,k+ ( ,spa91 to 8 /ep-bro!r1 ! ,gr& ,duke ( ,p>ma2 & x rema9$ 9 ! ,p>ma ,palace until rec5t times1 :5 x 0 sold by ,pr9ce ,elias4 ,philip ,,iv 0 born 9 #afje1 di$ 9 #affe1 & asc5d$ ! ?rone :5 he 0 only sixte54 ,he 0 a solemn p]son1 ) co>se ta/es & 0 fond ( horse-play4 ,he1 h[ev]1 gave 8 patronage to ,velasquez1 ,cald]on1 & ,lope de ,vega1 :i* is mu* to 8 cr$it4 ,,g5]al ,,nicolas ,,guye4 ,goya 7#agdf-ahbh74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,horace ,h>d+4 ,! ,spani% ,g5]al repres5t$ 9 oils on canvas 7#cc #da in*es7 we>s a brilliantly color$ uni=m respl5d5t ) gold lace & decorat$ ) m$als4 ,8 knee-bree*es are :ite1 & he holds 8 *apeau bras 9 8 h&4 ,! picture 0 giv5 to ,v9c5t ,guye1 ! ,g5]al's bro!r1 9 #ahaj4 ,francisco ,jos de ,goya y ,luci5tes 0 born 9 ,fu5detodos 9 ,aragon1 ,m>* #cj1 #agdf4 ,8 p>5ts 7 humble cottag]s & he work$ 9 ! fields until he 0 eighte54 ,?r\gh ! int]e/ ( a monk he 0 s5t to ,z>agoza to ! /udio ( ,jos ,m>t9ez4 ,goya di/+ui%$ himself bo? 9 ! /udio & 9 qu>rels1 :i* sometimes result$ 9 blood%$4 ,aft] a fight ,goya fl$ to ,madrid1 :]e he copi$ ,velasquez & became embroil$ 9 m di/urbances4 ,he escap$ to ,italy2 & 9 #aggb took ! second prize = pa9t+ at ! ,academy 9 ,p>ma4 ,back 9 ,z>agoza 9 #agga1 he pa9t$ a fresco 9 ! ,ca!dral4 ,revisit+ ,italy he =m$ a fri5d%ip ) ,jacques ,l\is ,david4 ,9 #aggd he return$ to ,spa91 m>ri$ ! si/] ( a pa9t]1 & began to pa9t furi\sly4 ,9 #aghi ,goya became pa9t] ( ! ,*amb]--8p9t] de cam]a0--to ,*>les ,,iv1 ) a l>ge sal>y4 ,dur+ ! occupation ( ,spa9 by ! ,fr5* & ! expulsion ( ! latt] by ,well+ton1 ,goya liv$ quietly )\t tak+ any "p 9 ! excit+ ev5ts2 b he _h be5 obs]v+4 ,on ! return ( ,f]d9& ,,vii1 he publi%$ 8 s]ies ( ,desa/res de la ,gu]ra1 9 :i* ! horrors & be/ialities ( w> are set =? 9 s frank a mann] & ) su* comm&+ te*nique t !y make a magnific5t appeal = ! abolition ( w>4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,horace ,h>d+ ,,g5]al ,,nicolas ,,guye --,goya ,goya _h previ\sly publi%$ 8 s]ies ( pr9ts1 ,los ,capri*os1 a mo/ amaz+ pres5tation ( humanity 9 brutal & revolt+ c>icatures1 ! orig9 & significance ( :i* are nei!r fully kn[n nor und]/ood2 b1 m+l$ ) ! demonology & repulsiv5ess1 !re are occasional gleams ( beauty4 ,equally celebrat$ are 8 plates1 ! ,tauroma*ia1 deal+ ) ! bull-r+4 ,goya _h an uncanny facility = e m$ium1--et*+1 li?ographs1 draw+s1 & aquat9ts1 z well z oil-pa9t+s4 ,goya sp5t ! ye> #ahbe 9 ,bordeaux & return$ to ,madrid1 :]e he di$ 9 #ahbh4 8,my only ma/]s h be5 ,nature1 ,velasquez1 & ,rembr&t10 ,goya said4 ,be+ s indep5d5t ,goya left no pupils & f\nd$ no s*ool4 ,he 0 always ho/ile to ! academic3 8,always l9es & nev] body10 he exclaim$ :5 criticis+ 8 contempor>ies1 8b :]e d we f9d ^! l9es 9 ,nature8 ,i c only see masses 9 light & masses 9 %ad[1 planes :i* advance or planes :i* rec$e1 reliefs or backgr\nds4 ,my eye nev] cat*es outl9es or details4 ,i d n c\nt ! hairs on ! head ( ! man :o passes me 9 ! /reet4 ,! buttons on 8 coat are n ! *ief object to cat* my glance4 ,my bru% ought n to h bett] eyesight ?an its ma/]60 ,,pepito ,,co/a ,y ,,bonella4 ,goya 7#agdf-ahbh74 ,collection ( ,mrs4 ,william ,hayw>d4 ,?is delightful picture1 oils on canvas 7#cc #da in*es71 is brilliant ) _m colors delightfully h>moniz$ & contra/$4 ,! little boy1 ) fair hair & d>k complexion1 we>s a gre5 velvet jacket ) gilt braid1 lace coll>1 :ite tr\s]s1 rose-color$ /ock+s1 light-yell[ slipp]s1 & r$ & :ite plumes 9 8 d>k hat4 ,! drum is blue4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mrs4 ,william ,hayw>d ,,pepito ,,co/a ,y ,,bonella --,goya ,! picture comes f ! ,collection ( ! ,c\ntess ,uda de ,g&om> ( ,madrid4 ,,fr5*1 ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury ,,fr5*1 ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury ,we h n[ come to ! age ( elegance 9 pa9t+4 ,9 ! prec$+ sections ( ?is book we h pass$ ?r\gh _m p]iods & _m s*ools & h br\ght =w>d sup]b examples ( great ma/]s ( sev]al c\ntries1 b we n[ come to a "t :5 ! ,art ( ,pa9t+ may be said to h rea*$ p]fection4 ,! ,fr5* ,pa9t]s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury %[ u some?+ entirely new 9 mann] & 9 subject4 ,!y h grace1 elegance1 delicacy1 /yle1 beauty1 brilliancy1 cl>ity1 & transluc5ce ( color4 ,:at c1 = in/ance1 equal ! lightness ( ,watteau & ,fragon>d1 or ! dewy fre%ness ( ,greuze8 ,!re are su* ?+s z ! float+ silk ( ! ?i/le's p>a*ute2 su* ?+s z ! fea!ry du/ on ! w+s ( 8pa9t$ butt]flies02 su* ?+s z ! velvet pile on ! petals ( fl[]s2 su* ?+s z ! purple bloom on ! plum & ! grape2 su* ?+s z ! d[n on ! brea/ ( ! cygnet2 su* ?+s z ! roseate gleam ( ! ,ori5tal pe>l2 su* ?+s z ! prismatic tw9kle ( ! morn+ dew2 & su* ?+s z ! liquid silv] ( ! moon's bright ray4 ,all ^! mo/ preci\s & evanesc5t beauties ,watteau1 ,lancret1 ,pat]1 ,fragon>d1 ,dr\ais1 ,*>d91 & o!r pa9t]s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury caught ^u _! palettes4 ,x 0 ! g5ius ,anto9e ,watteau 7#afhd-agba7 :o op5$ ! magic casem5ts into ?is new _w ( fairy-l color & fairy-l lightness4 ,9 ! reaction f ! heavy solemnity & gloom ( ! la/ ye>s ( ,l\is ,,xiv1 :5 ! ,sun-,k+ 0 sett+ "u ! d>k cl\ds ( ! bigot$ & sev]e ,madame de ,ma9t5on's influ5ce1 ,fr5* ta/e swung to ! o!r extreme ( gaiety1 fancy1 gallantry1 & caprice4 ,law's ,mississippi ,bubble1 :ile x la/$1 enabl$ a great _m p]sons to become sudd5ly ri*2 &1 z is always ! case ) a new /ate ( society1 new /yles ( fa%ion came to meet its requirem5ts4 ,moreov]1 ! ta/es ( ! ,reg5t--! ,duc d',orlans--& ! "y ,k+ ,l\is ,,xv 7 gay & playful2 &1 consequ5tly1 !y 7 bo? glad to see all ! traditions ( ,l\is ,,xiv swept away4 ,! ,art n\veau ( ! p]iod 0 mo/ graceful & *>m+ 9 its e>ly expression4 ,! playful curves & fanta/ic motifs f ! ,f> ,ea/--pagodas1 m&>9s1 umbrellas1 monkeys1 little bells1 dripp+ wat]1 & /range1 wrea?+ v9es1 7 all transmut$ by ! great decorative arti/s & design]s into t delici\s & delightful ,fr5* mlange kn[n z ,*9ois]ie1 :i* is1 p]haps1 m ,fr5* ?an ,*9ese4 ,! riot\s curves1 mo/ ( :i* 7 d]iv$ f ! volutes ( ! %ell1 ! %ell itself1 & ! dripp+ wat] 7or hang+ icicles71 7 us$ s prolifically & s univ]sally t _! "n rocaille 7rock & %ell7 or rococo1 is almo/ synonym\s ) t ( ! 8/yle ,l\is ,qu9ze10 al?\gh x does n include all ! motifs nor all ! _s ( ! age4 ,watteau 0 foll[$ 9 8 fasc9at+ portrayal ( pa/orales galantes1 ftes *amptres1 & all ! light pleasures ( society & its beautifully dress$ m5 & wom51 by ,nicolas ,lancret 7#afij-agdc7 & ,jean ,bapti/e ,joseph ,pat] 7#afie-agcf72 & to ?is gr\p belongs ,jean ,bapti/e ,huet 7#agde-ahaa71 :o 9 8 fir/ ye>s foll[$ ,watteau closely2 & z a decorative design]1 he also express$ ! ta/e ( ! ,directoire & ,empire p]iod ?r\gh :i* he liv$4 ,( ! portrait pa9t]s1 ,jean ,m>c ,natti] 7#afhe-agff7 /&s fir/ z ,c\rt-,pa9t] & portray] ( lovely ladies 9 fl[+ drap]ies1 rose-color$ or blue sc>fs1 & wrea?s & g>l&s ( fl[]s1 appe>+ z ,hebe1 ,diana1 ,flora & o!r goddesses ( ,grecian my?ology4 ,close to him comes ,maurice ,qu5t9 de la ,t\r 7#agjd-aghh71 :o e>ly ab&on$ oil-pa9t+ = pa/els 78 ma/]piece1 ! portrait ( ,madame de ,pompad\r is n[ 9 ! ,l\vre71 0 call$ a magician by ,did]ot & 8 "w is describ$ by de ,gonc\rt z 8a magic mirror1 9 :i* is se5 all ! tal5t1 all ! glory1 all ! wit1 & all ! grace ( ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xv40 ,c>le ,van ,loo 7#agje-agfe7 is ano!r portrait-pa9t] ( delicate & di/+ui%$ ta/e & p]=mance4 ,franois ,hub]t ,dr\ais 7#agbg-agge7 also expresses all ! beauty1 *>m1 & grace ( ! day 9 8 pres5tations ( ! fa%ionable _w4 ,franois ,b\*] 7#agjc-aggj71 ! fri5d & successor ( ,c>le ,van ,loo z fir/ pa9t] to ! ,k+1 is s idyllic & fanciful t he has be5 *>act]iz$ z ! 8,anacreon ( ,pa9t+40 ,alex&re ,franois ,desportes 7#affa-agdc71 pa9t] ( hunt+-sc5es & animals1 & ,jean ,bapti/e ,oudry 7#afhf-agee71 pa9t] ( hunt+-sc5es1 animals1 fl[]s1 fruit1 & /ill-life1 blaz$ ! trail = ,jean ,bapti/e ,simon ,*>d9 7#afii-aggi71 "o ( ! greate/ colori/s 9 ! entire hi/ory ( pa9t+4 ,jean ,bapti/e ,greuze 7#agbe-ahje71 full ( grace1 *>m1 & fre%ness1 pa9t] p> excell5ce ( pretty girls1 & ,jean ,honor ,fragon>d 7#agcb-ahjf71 pupil ( ,*>d9 & ,b\*]1 fam\s = 8 delicate color & lightness ( t\*1 liv$ into ! new rgime & _! "w became unappreciat$4 ,hub]t ,rob]t 7#agcc-ahjh71 pa9t] ( delicate & highly decorative g>d5-sc5es & classical ru9s1 & ,madame ,labille-,gui>d 7#agdi-ahjc7 also liv$ into ! ,directoire & ,napoleonic p]iod :5 !y 7 =c$ to leave _! qu>t]s 9 ! ,l\vre =m]ly accord$ to !m by ,royal p]mission4 ,madame ,labille-,gui>d 0 9 h] day rank$ ) ,madame ,vige ,le,brun 7#agee-ahdb71 wife ( ! gr&-nephew ( ! great pa9t]1 ,*>les ,le,brun1 :o won di/9ction = h] portraits1 h] brilliant salon1 & h] *>m+ p]sonality4 ,,jupit] ,,& ,,cali/o4 ,nicolas ,p\ss9 7#aeid-affe74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,c>roll ,tyson4 ,?is fam\s picture 0 fir/ own$ by ! great pa9t] ,*>les ,le,brun4 ,x subsequ5tly belong$ to ! ,collections ( ,b>on ,holback1 #aghi2 ,b>on ,cl>y1 #ahfh2 & ,b>on de ,t\rnelle 9 ,p>is4 ,pa9t$ ab\t #afce1 ?is l>ge canvas 7#ec #gj in*es71 is 9 a f9e /ate ( pres]vation1 ! colors1 9 consequ5ce1 appe>+ ri*] ?an is usual 9 ,p\ss9's works4 ,! gre5s1 br[ns1 & p9ks are w>m2 ! fle% t9ts are gl[+2 & ! drap]ies & ! sky are a deep lapis-lazuli blue4 ,! puzzle is to f9d ,jupit]6 ,9 ,smi?'s ,catalogue raisonn we read3 8,! god "u ! =m ( ,diana is repres5t$ sitt+ on a %ady bank embrac+ ! beautiful nymph1 :o sits by 8 side ) a spe> 9 h] h&2 sev5 ,cupids are sport+ ar\nd !m1 "o ( :i*1 :ile fly+1 is dis*>g+ an arr[ f 8 b[2 a second is play+ ) ! h\nds ( ! suppos$ huntress2 a ?ird holds up ! blaz+ tor* ( love2 & two o!rs1 buoyant among ! trees1 are ca/+ fl[]s on ! heads ( ! lov]s4 8,9 8 v beautiful pictures illu/rative ( anci5t my?ology ,p\ss9 has treat$ ! v>i\s subjects 9 a /yle t proves he p]fectly und]/ood ! my/]y ( ! allegories !re9 conta9$ & employ$ ) ! happie/ effect ! num]\s symbolical figures to d5ote qualities1 places1 & ?+s4 ,8 /yle1 al?\gh unque/ionably ( ,fr5* orig91 owes all its beauty to 8 subsequ5t /udy ( a few ( ! great ,italian ,ma/]s1 & ( anci5t sculpture4 ,to su* an ext5t 0 he c>ri$ 9 8 en?usia/ic admiration ( ! latt]1 t mo/ ( ! celebrat$ /atues & monum5ts1 bo? ( ,greek & ,roman orig91 may be recogniz$ 9 8 pictures4 ,?is fondness = ! *a/e beauty ( ! antique may h l$ him 9 "s in/ances s f> z to give to 8 figures a rigidity :i* ill accords ) ! ela/icity ( nature4 ,?is defect 7if x be "o71 is amply comp5sat$ by ! grace & dignity ( attitude & ! *a/e correctness ( draw+ :i* p]vades 8 works4 ,execution1 t m$ium by :i* ! conceptions ( a pa9t] are embodi$1 & by :i* ! connoisseur is frequ5tly enabl$ to judge ( ! orig9ality ( a picture1 is di/+ui%$ 9 ! ,arti/ 79 8 be/ p]iod7 by bread? & precision ( h&1 & a firm & decid$ outl9e2 e t\* ( ! p5cil appe>s ! result ( consid]ation & pr(\nd k1 & 9 ?is respect x is ! v rev]se ( t rapidity & dext]\s fre$om ( h& obs]vable 9 ! works ( ,rub5s1 ,paul ,v]onese1 & ,giordano40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,c>roll ,tyson ,,jupit] ,,& ,,cali/o --,nicolas ,p\ss9 ,p\ss9 sp5t almo/ 8 entire life 9 ,rome4 ,born at ,villi]s ne> ,les ,&elys 9 ,norm&y 9 #aeid1 he w5t to ,p>is at ! age ( eighte5 to /udy art1 hav+ _h "s tra9+ "u ,qu5t9 ,v>9 at ,les ,&elys4 ,9 ,p>is he /udi$ "u ,f]d9& ,elle1 a ,flemi% portrait-pa9t]1 & ,l',allem&1 a native ( ,lorra9e4 ,9 #afbj he />t$ = ,rome1 b only got z f> z ,flor5ce4 ,compell$ to return to ,p>is he n[ =m$ a fri5d%ip ) ,philippe de ,*ampaigne 7also a pupil ( ,l',allem&7 & work$ ) him on ! decorations ( ! ,luxemb\rg "u ,du*esne4 ,f\r ye>s lat] ,p\ss9 arriv$ 9 ,rome1 8 long desir$ goal1 & plung$ en?usia/ically into ! /udy ( anci5t art1 also work+ 9 ! /udio ( ,dom5i*9o4 ,= a long "t ,p\ss9 _h to /ruggle ) pov]ty1 illness1 & ,italian hatr$1--= ! ,italians & ,fr5* 7 enemies at ?is "t4 ,m>riage ) ! daught] ( a weal?y compatriot *ang$ matt]s & ,p\ss9 b\ght ) 8 bride's d[ry a h&some h\se on ! ,p9cian ,hill4 ,c>d9al ,b>b]9i's patronage n[ br\ght ,p\ss9 fame1 = ! ,c>d9al commission$ two pa9t+s1 ,! ,dea? ( ,g]manicus & ,! ,capture ( ,j]usalem--besides o!r important ord]s4 ,p\ss9's reputation so>$ rapidly & 9 #afdj ,l\is ,,xiii call$ him to ,p>is1 appo9t$ him fir/ pa9t]-9-ord9>y1 & gave him a resid5ce 9 ! g>d5 ( ! ,tuil]ies = life4 ,= two ye>s ,p\ss9 work$ indu/ri\sly1 produc+ _m pa9t+s1 c>toons = tape/ries1 & illu/rations = books2 b he long$ = 8 belov$ ,rome & 9 #afdb return$ to t city1 :]e he sp5t ! rema9d] ( 8 life 9 ! tranquil pursuit ( 8 art4 ,p\ss9 pa9t$ = tw5ty-?ree m ye>s & di$ 9 ,rome 9 #affe4 ,8 works are num]\s2 &1 ) ! exception ( a few portraits1 are *iefly devot$ to my?ological1 classical1 hi/orical1 & ,biblical subjects4 ,titian 0 8 idol4 ,h[ev]1 despite 8 ,italian inspiration & ta/e1 ,p\ss9 is reg>d$ z ! head ( ! ,fr5* ,s*ool4 ,8 devotion to classical subjects & 8 deep /udy ( ! antique 9 all its expressions make ,p\ss9 "o ( ! mo/ s*ol>ly ( pa9t]s4 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds says3 8,9 contemplat+ 8 classical pictures ! m9d is ?r[n back into antiquity or remote ages2 & x w\ld be no difficult matt] = ! spectator to imag9e t su* pictures 7 coeval1 or ne>ly s1 9 _! production ) ! my?ological metamorphosis & ,bac*analian fe/ivals t are set be=e him4 ,8 %eph]ds1 fauns1 nymphs1 satyrs1 & ,bac*anals appe> a primitive prog5y1 ! native inhabitants ( ! m\nta9s & woodl&s ( ! g5ial climate ( ,greece & ( t ,gold5 ,age :5 ,hellas & ,asia ,m9or may be suppos$ to h be5 ov]spread ) aborig9al =e/s & life 0 c>eless resignation to pres5t enjoym5t40 ,f ,nicolas ,p\ss9 & ,claude ,lorra9 7#afjj-afhb71 l&scape-pa9t] ( idealiz$ ,classic sc5es1 poetic 9 _s & suffus$ ) dreamful1 gold5 light1 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury ,fr5* pa9t]s may be said to h f\nd _! f\nta9-head ( inspiration4 ,,la ,,danse4 ,anto9e ,watteau4 7#afhd-agba74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,a4 ,wimpfheim]4 ,) ! exception ( ! sup]b ,emb>quem5t p\r l',ile de ,cy?re1 we d n ?9k ( individual pa9t+s ( ,watteau4 ,we consid] 8 "w z a :ole & we h a composite picture 9 our m9ds ( assembles galantes "u ! trees 9 beautiful p>ks & g>d5s4 ,al?\gh he d]iv$ 8 !mes f 8 ma/]1 ,gillot1 :o 0 pa9t+ all ! fa%ionable follies & fancies ( ! "t1 ,watteau surpass$ him s entirely 9 8 approa* to ^! subjects1 z well z 9 8 te*nique1 t we are wont to look ^u ,watteau z ! orig9ator ( ftes *amptres1 pa/orales galantes1 conc]ts *amptres1 monkeys 9 all k9ds ( attitudes & co/umes satiriz+ ! modes & mann]s ( ! day1 ladies & g5tlem5 play+ ,bl9d ,man's ,buff 7,col9 ,maill>d7 "u ! trees1 ladies sw++ or flirt+ ) _! fans1 love-sc5es beside /atues 9 leafy dells1 memb]s ( ! ,italian ,com$y--,pi]rot1 ,arlequ91 ,sc>am\*e1 ,mezet91 ,columb9e1 & ,scalp9--& *>m+ p mak+ music or danc+ "u ! trees4 ,?is *>act]i/ic picture :i* came f ! ,s4 ,r4 ,b]tron ,collection to its pres5t own]1 is a *>m+ illu/ration ( ,watteau's /yle4 ,"h we h danc+ & music & m]ry conv]sation4 ,! light is conc5trat$ on ! *ief figure--! danc]--clad 9 t :ite sat9 t ,watteau pa9t$ s m>vell\sly4 ,b :y s+le out any special object = t facile & v]satile bru%8 ,did n an em95t critic ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury proclaim t ,watteau 0 8! mo/ brilliant & vivid pa9t] ! _w has ev] se508 ,watteau creat$ an ,arcadia ( 8 own--a ,watteau _w2 & x is n )\t reason t ano!r critic call$ him 8! ,%akespe>e & ! ,ari/ophanes ( ,art40 ,! _w has long recogniz$ t ,watteau 0 a poet4 lie ,faure asks :y x is t ! ensemble always produces ! s5sation s ne> to sadness1 & !n he gives ! reason3 8,! _s ( ! poet is pres5t4 ,watteau _h br\ght back f 8 ,flemi% c\ntry & f a visit he _h made to ,engl& ! love ( moi/ l&scape1 :]e ! colors 9 ! multipli$ prism ( ! t9y susp5d$ drops take on _! real dep? & spl5dor4 ,music & trees1 ! :ole ( ,watteau is 9 !m4 ,! s\nd does n int]rupt ! sil5ce1 b r increases x4 ,b>ely1 if at all1 a :isp]$ e*o rea*es u f x4 ,we d inde$ see ! f+]s w&]+ f ! /r+s3 ! laught] & ! phrases ex*ang$ are to be guess$ f bodies b5d+ =w>d or turn+ backw>d & f fans t tap on h&s4 ,! actors 9 ! *>m+ dramas are at a di/ance f _! pa9t] & are disp]s$ 9 ! dep?s ( ! op5 spaces4 ,watteau fe>s to come ne> !m1 to p5etrate _! my/]y2 = to see !m too close w\ld de/roy ! arial veil t trembles betwe5 !m & himself4 ,he c>esses !m only ) 8 delicate tones t hov] "h & !re z w\ld "s bee f ! nor? fly+ ab\t 9 ! damp =e/s or "u ! lights ( ! fte1 among ! p[d]$ gold ( ! hair1 ! rose ( ! co/umes1 ! blui%1 milky haze1 ! fl[]-spr9kl$ moss1 ! grass on :i* re/ skirts & mantles ( silk & sat91 & ! nocturnal phosphoresc5ce giv5 to jewels & velvets by ! gleam ( moonlight & ! fl>e ( wav+ tor*es4 ,x is ! iris$ air :i* makes ! m>ble /atues seem to quiv]1 :i* gives agitation to ! sprightly & piquant faces1 movem5t to ! f+]s pluck+ guit>s1 & to delicate f9e legs 9 /ock+s ( transp>5t silk4 ,watteau nev] comes ne> ! sc5e3 ! vision is z di/ant z an old dream4 ,obs]ve x 9 detail4 ,! /ructure ( ! figures--solid1 mov+1 & sub/antial--makes !m appe> z if on ! plane ( man4 ,watteau's little p]sonages are z l>ge z 8 conception ( !m3 he pa9ts ) ! bread?1 ! fire1 & ! fre$om ( ,v]onese1 ( ,rub5s1 ( ,velasquez1 & ( ,rembr&t40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,*>les ,a4 ,wimpfheim] ,,la ,,danse --,anto9e ,watteau ,anto9e ,watteau1 born at ,val5ci5nes1 ,oct4 #aj1 #afhd1 0 turn$ adrift by 8 fa!r1 a tile-mak]1 & he w5t to ,p>is1 :]e he gradually became a f9e draughtsman4 ,he ent]$ ! /udio ( ,claude ,gillot 7#afgc-agbb71 well kn[n = 8 my?ological pictures1 8 ,*9ois]ie1 8 ftes galantes1 8 s+]ie1 & 8 buffoon]y ( ! ,italian ,com$y4 ,watteau soon surpass$ 8 tea*] & left him to /udy = a %ort "t ) ,claude ,audran 7#afeh-agcd74 ,9 #agag ,watteau became a memb] ( ! ,academy2 9 #agai he visit$ ,engl&2 & 9 #agba he di$ at ,nog5t1 ne> ,p>is4 ,! de ,gonc\rts h summ$ up 8 qualities s well t no excuse is ne$$ = plac+ _! analysis "h3 8,x is d\btless ow+ to ! e>ly decorative "w execut$ by ,watteau t he acquir$ a ta/e = ! !atre ( :i* 9 aft] days 8 cunn+ bru% drew s _m pleas+ repres5tations1 s _m curi\s pictures & t he s (t5 depict$ ! ,italian & ,fr5* ,com$ians1 ^? fri5ds & intimates ( 8 bru%1 ^: motley family he pa9t$ 9 t beautiful & /rik+ picture :i* is a companion to ,comdi5s ,franais4 ,he pa9t$ _! companion picture :5 ,madame de ,ma9t5on drove !m out ( ,france 9 #afig2 he pa9t$ _! amusem5ts1 _! nocturnal am\rs & s]5ades1 _! holidays1 _! op5-air sports4 ,mezet9 & ,columb9e appe> on a hundr$ panels4 ,b !re w\ld be little reason to ?ank ! *ance t l$ ,watteau at ! outset ( 8 c>e] to "w "u an obscure decorator if he _h only copi$ ! silk5 folds ( _! co/umes & _h n conceiv$ ! idea ( us+ ^! ,trans-alp9e types z ! poetic habitants ( 8 scnes galantes & scnes *amptres4 ,9 fact1 by ! introduction ( ^! ,m]ry ,&rews1 ^! graci\s mumm]s1 ^! elegant inc>nations ( da9ty laught] & f9e com$y1 ^! m5 & wom5 ^: mat]iality is s vague & _! reality s veil$ b5ea? symbol & my?1 ! compositions ( ! pa9t] no long] seem l pictures ( a real _w4 ,! gre5sw>d ( 8 scnes galantes seems peopl$ ) my?ical be+s to :om ,watteau's imag9ation & lightness ( t\* h left no?+ ( ! actors :o s]v$ z 8 models2 & we h ! illusion ( look+ into a v]dant c\ntry inhabit$ by creations ( :im & fancy40 ,,madame ,,boni] ,,de ,,la ,,mosson4 ,jean ,m>c ,natti] 7#afhe-agff74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,edw>d ,j4 ,b]w9d4 ,nolhac calls ! portrait ( ,madame ,boni] de la ,mosson 8une des plus belles de ses ,dianes ou de ses ,nymphes *ass]esses40 ,! picture 7#ea #ch in*es7 0 exhibit$ 9 ! ,salon ( #agdb4 ,f ! ,collections ( ,debatz1 ,reims1 & ,tamvaco1 ,cairo1 x pass$ into t ( ,mr4 ,b]w9d4 ,?is h&some lady1 radiant 9 h] leop>d sk9 & fl[]s1 0 ! wife ( ,m4 ,boni] de la ,mosson1 :o 0 also pa9t$ by ,natti] f\r ye>s lat] 7#agdf71 9 8 8cab9et ( curiosities10 = ,m4 ,boni] de la ,mosson 0 "o ( ^? amateur sci5ti/s ( ! age4 ,9 8 ri* htel 9 ! rue ,sa9t ,dom9ique 9 ,p>is1 he _h a laboratory & an 8apo?icair]ie10--8 pots1 bottles1 mort>s & pe/les & crucibles surr\nd$ by furniture ( ! mo/ sup]b description4 ,! portrait ( ,m4 ,boni] de la ,mosson 0 9 great contra/ to t ( 8 beautiful wife4 ,! portrait ( ! g5tleman is a f9e "w1 b ! portrait ( ! lady %[s ,natti] 9 8 mo/ *>act]i/ic aspect4 ,"h is ! real ,natti]1 = ,natti] specializ$ 9 :at 0 call$ 9 8 day ! 8hi/oric portrait10--t is to say ! sitt] 0 repres5t$ z a my?ological1 or hi/orical1 p]sonage ) all ! attractive symbolical & picturesque accessories4 ,natti]'s vogue dur+ 8 lifetime 0 v great & all ! ari/ocratic & fa%ionable ladies want$1 above all ?+s1 to h !mselves p]petuat$ z ,dianas1 ,floras1 ,hebes1 & ,auroras4 ,consequ5tly1 _m old families 9 ,france *]i% a f9e allegorical portrait ( a h&some ance/ress caught z x 7 on ,m\nt ,olympus ) ! gods & goddesses4 8,natti] l'lve des ,graces1 ,et le pe9tre de la beaut0 is a tribute 9 "s v]ses 9 #agbg4 8,x may seem fanta/ic10 ,sir ,walt] ,arm/rong writes1 8to bracket ,van ,eyck ) a pa9t] l ,natti]1 b a little consid]ation w %[ t 9 a s5se !y belong$ to ! same faction1 t is to say t if ,van ,eyck _h liv$ 9 ,p>is 9 #agfj1 he w\ld h conceiv$ a portrait mu* 9 ! same way z ,natti]1 & s mutatis mut&is ) ! ,fr5*man4 ,! consci\s desire ( bo? 0 to reproduce _! sitt]1 *oos+ a mom5t :5 he or %e 0 ?9k+ ( no?+ 9 p>ticul>1 & surr\nd+ him ) 8 famili> prop]ties c>efully m>%all$ into a design40 ,jean ,m>c ,natti] came ( a family ( arti/s4 ,8 fa!r1 ,m>c ,natti]1 0 an ,academician1 8 "m1 ,m>ie ,c\rtois1 0 a m9iature-pa9t] ( reputation1 & 8 bro!r1 ,j4 ,b4 ,natti]1 0 also a pa9t]4 ,jean ,m>c ,natti] 0 born 9 ,p>is1 ,m>* #ag1 #afhe1 & 0 tra9$ at a v e>ly age by 8 fa!r4 ,admitt$ to ! classes at ! ,acadmie1 he won a prize 9 draw+ & at ! age ( fifte5 0 giv5 a /ip5d4 ,9 #agae ,natti] w5t to ,holl&1 :]e ,pet] ! ,great 0 /ay+1 & pa9t$ ! ,cz>1 ! ,empress ,ca!r9e ,,ii1 & sev]al memb]s ( ! ,russian ,c\rt2 b he decl9$ all inducem5ts to foll[ ! ,cz> to ,russia & return$ to ,p>is4 ,9 #agah ,natti] 0 receiv$ at ! ,acadmie &1 !nce=?1 devot$ himself to portraiture4 ,9 #agbd he m>ri$ ,mademoiselle de la ,ro*e1 daught] ( an old m\squetaire ( ! ,k+2 & x 0 n long be=e he became (ficial pa9t] ( ! c\rt &1 9 consequ5ce1 ! mo/ fa%ionable portrait-pa9t] 9 ,france4 ,natti] 0 made assi/ant pr(essor ( ! ,acadmie 9 #agde & full pr(essor 9 #ageb4 ,e ye> br\ght him m fame & m honors until 8 dea? 9 ,p>is 9 #agff4 ,natti] depicts ! delicate1 *>m+1 & ari/ocratic beauty ( ! e>ly ,l\is ,,xv p]iod & has ! gift ( express+ also grace & allur+ qualities4 ,l\is ,,xv _h ,natti] make replicas ( _m ( ! c\rt portraits mo/ pleas+ to him1 :i* he s5t to ,european ,c\rts2 & ?is expla9s h[ x is t s _m spl5did ,natti]s are hang+ to-day 9 ,european gall]ies4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,edw>d ,j4 ,b]w9d ,,madame ,,boni] ,,de ,,la ,,mosson --,jean ,m>c ,natti] ,natti] has a unique place z ! pa9t] ( beautiful wom51 yet1 al?\gh he pa9t$ individuals1 8 "w1 tak5 z a :ole1 pres5ts ! ,fr5* ,society woman ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury ) h] peculi> *>m1 elegance1 & f9esse1 appe>+ 9 8 portraits z %e really 01--exp]i5c$1 flexible1 high-br$1 gay1 witty1 & accompli%$1 graceful 9 mann] & 9 spee*1 p]fect 9 ! arts ( ! toilet & 9 dress1 consci\s ( h] *>m1 & tactful1 poli%$1 & fasc9at+ 9 society4 ,,la ,,m>quise ,,de ,,baglion ,,z ,,flora4 ,jean ,m>c ,natti] 7#afhe-agff74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,erickson4 ,?is ma/]piece is also kn[n z ! 8,*aponay ,natti]10 f hav+ be5 long 9 ! ,collection ( ! ,m>quis de ,*aponay 9 ,p>is4 ,previ\sly ! picture grac$ ! ,collection ( la ,comtesse ,arm& ne ,gont\d-,biron & subsequ5tly t ( ,m4 ,nicolas ,ambatielos 9 ,london4 ,_m critics reg>d ,la ,m>quise de ,baglion z ! f9e/ ,fr5* portrait ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,its fir/ appe>ance 9 public 0 at ! ,salon ( #agdf & x 0 %[n 9 ! ,p>is ,exhibition ( ! ,"o ,hundr$ ,ma/]pieces 9 #ahib 7,no4 #bh7 & 9 ! ,p>is ,exhibition ( ! ,"o ,hundr$ ,portraits ( ,wom5 ( ! ,fr5* & ,engli% ,s*ools 9 #aiji 7,no4 #he74 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,erickson ,,la ,,m>quise ,,de ,,baglion --,jean ,m>c ,natti] ,! picture 7#ec #da in*es7 is sign$ & dat$ #agdf1 h5ce x 0 %[n z soon z x 0 f9i%$4 ,! subject ( ! picture1 ,anglique ,l\ise ,sophie d',all\ville de ,l\ville 0 born ,feb4 #aj1 #agaj1 daught] ( ,*>les ,augu/9 d',all\ville1 ,m>quis de ,l\ville1 ,g5tleman-9-wait+ to ! ,k+ ( ,spa91 ,lieut5ant-,g5]al ( 8 armies & ,gov]nor-,g5]al ( ,c\rtray4 ,h] "m 0 ,hyac9! ,sophie de ,be*ameil de ,no9tel4 ,on ,june #aj1 #agcc1 ,anglique ,l\ise ,sophie 0 m>ri$ to ,pi]re ,franois ,m>ie de ,baglion1 ,comte de la ,salle4 ,aft] tw5ty-?ree ye>s ( m>riage ! ,m>quise de ,baglion di$ 9 #agef4 ,h] only daught]1 ,franoise ,sophie ,s*ola/ique de ,baglion 7:o 0 m>ri$ to ,d5is ,augu/e ,grimo>d de ,beauvoir1 ,m>quis du ,r\re1 ,colonel ( ! ,gr5adi]s ( ,france ( ,sa9tonge1 ( ,dauph9e1 & lat] brigadi]71 0 lady-9-wait+ to ! ,dauph9e 7,m>ie ,anto9ette71 & 0 a great fri5d ( ,madame de ,pompad\r1 :om %e usually accompani$ on h] visits to ,*oisy4 ,9 ?is exquisite picture1 ,la ,m>quise de ,baglion1 an unusually beautiful woman1 :o has great intellig5ce 9 h] face1 z well z beauty1 appe>s 9 a v dcollet dress1 :i* %[s h] dazzl+ neck & %\ld]s4 ,h] ari/ocratic h&1 long & beautifully %ap$1 lightly holds a blue sc>f--8,natti] blue0--fill$ ) lovely fl[]s4 ,fl[]s are z ne>ly important z ! ,goddess ( ,fl[]s h]self2 &1 consequ5tly1 ,natti] has %[n himself "h ! equal ( any pa9t] :o specializ$ 9 fl[]s4 ,! picture 0 mu* talk$ ( 9 its day at ,v]sailles2 9 ! b\doirs2 at ! toilet ( ! m>quise2 & at ! petits s\p]s ( ! ,k+1 ,l\is ,,xv4 ,_m poets h sung its praises4 ,"o ( ! late/ & be/ tributes is by ,rog] ,mils call$ a ,madrigal = a ,portrait ( ! ,m>quise de ,baglion pa9t$ by ,natti]4 ,9 read+ x we _c help regrett+ t ! beautiful ,flora c\ld n h read ^! sympa!tic v]ses3 ,,madrigal 7,p\r un ,portrait de la ,m>quise de ,baglion pe9t p> ,natti]7 ,ds le mat91 dans la rose1 au fond du p>c1 ,la ,m>quise s'en fut1 p\r salu] l',aurore1 ,et les c]fs inquiets qui sommeillai5t encore1 ,p\r ,diane la pr5ant1 des yeux *]*ai5t son arc4 ,mais elle n'tait pas la ,desse f>\*e ,et1 si p>fois ses yeux ont pu lanc] ces traits1 ,ses victimes devai5t y tr\v] des attraits1 ,tant le s\rire avait de d\ceur sur sa b\*e4 ,elle allait simplem5t1 fire de sa beaut1 ,humili] les fleurs closes p\r lui plaire1 ,sa*ant leur jal\sie aimable et sans colre1 ,ames o des p>fums *ant5t la volupt4 ,et voici que ses ma9s cruelles et cl9es ,ont fait leur *oix p>mi la frai*eur des buissons1 ,p\r les enc\rag]1 de leurs nids1 les p9sons ,raillai5t ple9 gosi] les bran*es orphel9es4 ,et de ses belles ma9s dborde son but94 ,sa cueillette fut bonne1 et ses t\ffes fleuries4 ,suffirai5t p>] la m\sse des prairies ,quant la ,nature dit sa prire au ,mat94 ,sur un banc1 s\riante1 elle s'e/ repose1 ,une rose reti5t l'paulette qui fuit1 ,et le ,zephyr qui passe en balayant la nuit1 ,s'att>de la spl5d\r de sa gorge rose4 ,l't(fe la possde entre ses plis lg]s1 ,des joyaux prcieux se s]r5t sa han*e1 ,et1 sur un *iffonn de m\ssel9e blan*e1 ,ses g5\x p> un tissu bleu sont assigs4 ,mais un *>me div9 s'epan\ait en elle1 ,et l'on tremble1 en voyant son pur rayonnem5t1 ,que ,dieu p\r n\s ravir cet en*antem5t1 ,ne fasse palpit] son paule 444 une aile4 ,,la ,,cam>go4 ,nicolas ,lancret 7#afij-agdc74 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,?is pa9t+ came into ?is c\ntry directly f ! ,collection ( ! ,emp]or ( ,g]many1 hav+ long hung 9 ,potsdam ,palace1 8,sans ,s\ci10 ne> ,b]l94 ,x 0 orig9ally 9 ! ,collection ( ! ,pr9ce de ,c>ignan 9 ,p>is1 f :om x 0 acquir$ 9 #agdd by ! ,c\nt von ,ro!nburg1 ,prussian ,ambassador1 = ,fr$]ick ! ,great 7#agab-aghf71 to adorn 8 ca/le at ,rhe9sb]g4 ,! picture is 9 oils on canvas 7#cj #da in*es74 ,we h "h a typical sc5e ( ,fr5* ,eighte5? ,c5tury life1 laid 9 a beautiful p>k ( em]ald sw>ds1 lovely trees1 & graceful foliage1 a 8t]m9al0 figure ( a ,muse 9 ! middle di/ance1 & a f\nta9 toss+ its spray at ! extreme "r4 ,mademoiselle ,cam>go & h] p>tn] occupy ! left c5tre ( ! picture danc+ to music play$ by a small or*e/ra on ! left4 ,seat$ & /&+ ar\nd !m b5ea? ! trees are gr\ps ( int]e/$ spectators2 & among !m at ! extreme left ,lancret has pa9t$ 8 own portrait4 ,he is we>+ a d>k mantle & a biretta1 & looks directly t[>d ! obs]v]4 ,! danc]1 :o gives ! "n to ! picture1 is ! celebrat$ ,m>ie ,anne de ,cuppi de ,cam>go1 born 9 ,brussels 9 #agaj4 ,! ,pr9cess de ,ligne became int]e/$ 9 h] & s5t h] to ,p>is at ! age ( t5 to be tra9$ = a danc]4 ,"u ,madame ,prevo/1 a danc] at ! ,opra1 h] progress 0 s rapid t %e made h] db at ! ,opra at ! age ( sev5te51 :5 h] extraord9>y grace & h] wond]ful clo!s caus$ h] to be acclaim$ z a />4 ,?r\gh ! lessons ( ,blondy & ,dupr %e p]fect$ h] tal5ts & became ! mo/ fam\s ,p>isian danc] ( h] "t4 ,a liaison ) ! ,comte de ,cl]monte ,abb ( ,sa9t-,g]ma9-des-,prs caus$ h] to leave ! ,opra 9 #agcd2 b %e return$ 9 #agdj & rega9$ h] =m] triumphs4 ,?is 0 ! "t :5 ,lancret pa9t$ "s wond]ful portraits ( ! great danseuse1 includ+ ! f9e picture pres5t$ "h4 ,mademoiselle ,cam>go retir$ p]man5tly 9 #agea & di$ 9 ,p>is 9 #aggj4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,j4 ,mellon ,,la ,,c>m>go --,nicolas ,lancret ,nicolas ,lancret 0 born 9 ,p>is 9 #afij & di$ !re 9 #agdc4 ,he 0 a pupil ( ,pi]re d',ul9 & ,claude ,gillot2 b he adopt$ ,watteau z 8 model4 ,inde$1 8 close imitations ( ,watteau e/rang$ ! latt]4 ,lancret1 h[ev]1 won a great reputation = 8 beautiful s5se ( composition1 8 f9e design1 & 8 *>m+ color4 ,he 0 elect$ a memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,academy ( ,pa9t+ 9 #agai4 ,8 l&scapes are always delicate & romantic1 & z a pa9t] ( ,ftes galantes he almo/ equals ,watteau & ,pat]4 ,,le ,,duo4 ,nicolas ,lancret 7#afij-agdc74 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,emil ,j4 ,/ehli4 ,at fir/ glance we might take ?is pa9t+ = a ,watteau1 = ,lancret has %[n 9 x ! same appreciation ( p>k sc5]y1 leafy & fre% foliage1 *>m+ figures ( grace & ref9em5t1 &1 ev5 m p>ticul>ly1 ! sugge/ion ( music4 ,we seem to he> ! liquid1 silv]y1 cool notes ( ! flute & ! sweet1 cle> voice ( ! pretty "y lady :o is s++ f a book ( music :ile ! "y gallant looks ov] h] %\ld] & plays 8 "p 9 ! duet4 ,! co/umes are lovely2 ! "y lady is dress$ 9 :ite & ! flute-play] we>s a br[ni%-r$ suit4 ,! flute-play]'s pose is int]e/+3 all 8 weight is plac$ on 8 "r foot4 ,note 8 h&s3 !y are prop]ly plac$ on ! holes ( 8 in/rum5t1 :i* he is hold+ z a musician4 ,! ,fr5* h always be5 sup]lative flute-play]s & x 0 only natural t ,lancret w\ld select a capable musician = 8 model4 ,we c make a safe guess t ! music we are he>+ f ^! musicians is an air by ,rameau1 ^: op]as & ballets 7 enjoy+ great vogue :5 ?is picture 0 pa9t$4 ,! "w1 oils on canvas 7#ai #af in*es71 belong$ to ! ,collection ( ,sir ,william ,knighton1 ,b>t41 & came f t ( ,mr4 ,pitt ,riv]s ( ,london to ! pres5t own]1 ,mr4 ,emil ,j4 ,/ehli ( ,new ,york4 ,comp>+ ,lancret ) ,watteau1 ,eugne ,langev9 writes3 8,fir/ ! /yle ( ! ma/] 0 n adopt$ by him 9 its entirety2 he modifi$ x 9 accordance ) 8 own disposition2 he has play$ "s ( ,watteau's melodies1 b 9 a l[] key & ) a sl[] movem5t4 ,x is conv]sations galantes r ?an ftes galantes t he pa9ts4 ,he seems to feel t he does n possess ! fire1 ! caprice1 ! vivacity1 ! imag9ation1 & ! supreme poetic di/9ction t are requir$ = ,dep>tures = ! ,en*ant$ ,isle4 ,he halts half-way4 ,:]e ,watteau pa9t$ sumptu\s & impassion$ eclogues1 ,lancret portrays rural amusem5ts1 ri*ly adorn$ & at ! same "t frolicsome z he _h se5 !m on ! bo>ds4 ,watteau revels 9 ! mo/ magical ( fictions3 he is ! ,%akespe>e1 ! ,ari/ophanes ( ,art4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,emil ,j4 ,/ehli ,,le ,,duo --,nicolas ,lancret 8,l ,watteau1 ,lancret broke ) ! academic traditions ( ! day1 :i* 7 all = r$di% or br[n t9ts3 he ackn[l$g$ a :olesome horror ( burnt colors4 ,& if he lacks t di/9ction :i* 8 ma/] ow$ to 8 con/ant practice ( ,flemi% & ,v5etian ,art & to 8 own natural gifts1 if he _c produce ^? gl[+ & rutilant tonalities full ( gold5 %e51 ^? ri* colors1 & ^? subtle h>monies ( inf9itely delicate beauty1 he1 at lea/1 possess$ a palette bo? ri* & ref9$40 ,,une ,f,,te ,,*amp,,tre4 ,jean ,bapti/e ,joseph ,pat] 7#afie-agcf74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,?is brilliant picture1 pa9t$ 9 #agcc1 ! height ( ! ,reg5cy p]iod1 came f ! ,collection ( ,lady ,c>n>von1 hav+ be5 bequea!d to h] by ,alfr$ ,*>les de ,ro?s*ild ( ,seym\r ,place1 ,london4 ,! sc5e is laid 9 a romantic l&scape ) ! ru9s ( an old *teau & o!r anci5t build+s surr\nd$ by beautiful1 fea!ry trees4 ,^u ! gre5 sw>d gr\ps ( m51 wom51 & *ildr5 h ga!r$ to enjoy !mselves 9 v>i\s ways4 ,! m]ry assemblage1 dress$ 9 brilliant co/umes ( delightful colors1 *>m+ly h>moniz$ & contra/$1 are danc+1 fea/+1 mak+ love1 & wat*+ actors & m\ntebanks p]=m4 ,ev5 two little dogs 9 ! =egr\nd h p>tak5 ( ! g5]al gaiety4 ,! movem5t1 brio & g5]al joie de vivre make ?is a v]itable panorama ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,! picture is also notewor?y = be+ ! l>ge/ ev] pa9t$ by ,pat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e ,,une ,f,,te ,,*amp,,tre --,j4 ,b4 ,j4 ,pat] ,jean ,bapti/e ,joseph ,pat] 0 born at ,val5ci5nes 9 #afie1 ! son ( a wood-c>v] :o appreciat$ 8 son's tal5t1 taught him :at he c\ld1 & !n took him to ,p>is1 :]e he became a pupil ( 8 fell[-t[nsman1 ,watteau4 ,! irritable temp] ( ,watteau caus$ a sep>ation2 b 9 #agba ,watteau s5t = ,pat] to come to him at ,nog5t-sur-,m>ne & gave him daily in/ruction4 ,pat] 0 v 8mod]ni/ic0 9 8 "t1 = 9 #agbh he 0 receiv$ into ! ,academy z a memb] ( ! new class ( 8pe9tres de sujets mod]nes40 ,pat] 0 entirely absorb$ 9 8 art4 ,he r>ely left 8 /udio1 =m$ no fri5d%ips1 pa9t$ all day & e day1 & gave himself no pleasures4 ,8 fev]i% indu/ry c\pl$ ) 8 p>simoni\s liv+--he 0 haunt$ by ! fe> ( pov]ty 9 old age--at la/ told ^u him & he di$ 9 ,p>is 9 #agcf4 ,pat] is a v close foll[] ( ,watteau 9 subject & composition z well z 9 8 *>m+ & delicate color4 ,,une ,f,,te ,,galante4 ,jean ,bapti/e ,joseph ,pat] 7#afie-agcf74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,edw>d ,j4 ,b]w9d4 ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ?is picture ) ! ,fte ,*amptre prec$+ x4 ,we h two *>act]i/ic examples ( ,pat]'s "w4 ,9 ! ,fte ,*amptre we look ^u a l>ge ga!r+ & a miscellane\s cr[d4 ,9 ! picture repres5t$ "h we h a m intimate gr\p4 ,!re are c]ta9 elem5ts 9 ?is picture t sugge/ ,watteau2 o!rs t sugge/ ,lancret2 & /ill o!rs t %[ u t ! lat] ,b\*] & ,fragon>d did n deign to take a few ideas f ,pat]4 ,! picture is v individual4 ,! colors are s(t & delicate--8pa/el0 t9ts we l to call !m to-day--pale blues1 & p9ks1 & yell[s1 & ri* mauves1 contra/+ beautifully ) ! exquisite gre5 ( ! foliage4 ,pat] nev] produc$ a m arti/ic backgr\nd1 ) its di/ant hills & picturesque build+s4 ,! pa9t+ came f ! ,w]!im] ,collection1 ,london1 to ! pres5t own]4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,edw>d ,j4 ,b]w9d ,,une ,f,,te ,,galante --,j4 ,b4 ,j4 ,pat] ,,la ,,s]9ette4 ,jean ,bapti/e ,simon ,*>d9 7#afii-aggi74 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clay ,frick4 ,madame de ,pompad\r1 ^: ta/e 9 art 0 always sup]latively good1 0 ! fir/ own] ( ?is *>m+ picture1 :i* has pass$ ?r\gh _m notable collections4 ,! "w is kn[n "u ?ree titles3 ,la ,s]9ette 7! ,bird-,organ72 ! ,education ( a ,can>y2 & ,! ,div]sions ( a ,lady4 ,accord+ to tradition ?is lady is ,madame ,*>d91 wife ( ! pa9t]4 ,! sitt+-room gives u an idea ( h] v>i$ occupations & x w\ld appe> t %e has j left h] tape/ry-"w to give h] can>y a s++-lesson4 ,! bird is se5 9 a cage1 :i* /&s on a little table ne> ! w9d[1 & ,madame ,*>d9 is turn+ ! h&le ( ! bird-organ4 ,we w\ld l to "k ! tune ! little music-box produces4 ,bo? z reg>ds subject & treatm5t ! picture is a ma/]piece4 ,jean ,guiffrey consid]s ! "w mo/ *>m+ & admires ! way all ! _m accessories are br\ght into p]fect h>mony4 8,x w\ld be impossible to f9d10 he says1 8a m correct design & a bett] color s*eme & tonality40 ,*>d9 s5t ?is picture to ! ,salon ( #agea & aga9 to t ( #agee4 ,aft] ,madame de ,pompad\r's dea? ,la ,s]9ette pass$ into ! notable ,collections ( ,monsieur de ,v&ires1 director ( ! ,royal ,build+s2 ! ,m>quis de ,m5>s1 ,madame de ,pompad\r's bro!r 7sold 9 #aghc72 ,b>on ,d5on1 ,director ( ,museums 7sale #ahbf72 ,c\nt d',h\detot 7sale #ahei72 ,duke de ,morny 7sale #ahfe72 ,mr4 ,g4 du ,tillet ( ,p>is2 &1 f9ally1 to ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clay ,frick4 ,! picture 0 %[n 9 #ahfj at ! ,exposition ( ! ,association = ! ,mutual ,relief ( ,arti/s1 ,pa9t]s1 ,sculptors1 & ,ar*itects 7,no4 #ib74 ,*>d9 0 "o ( ! greate/ colori/s ( ! ,fr5* ,s*ool & "o ( ! greate/ pa9t]s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,few pa9t]s h equall$ him 9 8 broad & free /yle & 9 8 lum9\s effects ( color & light4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clay ,frick ,,la ,,s]9ette --,j4 ,b4 ,s4 ,*>d9 ,*>d9 0 born 9 ,p>is1 ,nov4 #b1 #afii1 ! son ( a ma/]-c>p5t] & uphol/]]1 :o 0 employ$ to make billi>d-tables = ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,aft] /udy+ "u ,pi]re ,jacques ,cazes1 ,*>d9 ent]$ ! /udio ( ,nol ,nicolas ,coypel4 ,be=e he 0 ?irty he _h made a "n z a pa9t] ( /ill-life4 ,9 #agbh ,*>d9 0 admitt$ to ! ,acadmie ,royale & ev5tually became its treasur]4 ,9 #ageb ,l\is ,,xv be/[$ a p5sion ^u him & 9 #ageg gave him rooms 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,9 8 middle p]iod ,*>d9 /ruck out 9 a new pa?--t ( frank realism1 select+ = subjects sc5es f ! dome/ic life ( ! b\rgeoisie2 b he treats ev]y?+1 h[ev]1 ) ! di/9ction & ta/e t belong$ to ,france 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,!re=e1 he ?r[s a poetic glam\r ar\nd a loaf ( bread1 a bun* ( grapes1 a plate ( pea*es1 a sleep+ cat1 or a copp] cass]ole4 ,consequ5tly1 :ile 8 subjects are simil> to ^? ( ! 8,little ,dut* ,ma/]s10 ,*>d9 introduces an elegance & a quality ( :i* ^? pa9t]s nev] dream$4 ,nei!r ,piet] de ,hoogh1 nor ,v]me]1 excell$ ,*>d9 9 effects ( light1 atmosph]e1 & iridesc5ce4 8,*>d910 lie ,faure writes1 8did n pa9t mu* because he pa9ts sl[ly ) a labori\s & passionate application4 ,he has no models1 b 8 wife1 *ildr51 a few famili> animals1 ! ev]yday tablew>e1 & cook+-ut5sils & !n !re are meat1 vegetables1 bread1 & w9e br\ght t same day f ! but*]1 ! meat-roa/]1 ! bak]1 & ! vegetable sell]4 ,) ^! he writes ! leg5d ( dome/ic labor & ( obscure life3 8 images speak to u aft] ! mann] ( ,la ,fonta9e's words & he is1 ) ,watteau & ,goya1 ! greate/ pa9t] !re is 9 ,europe betwe5 ! dea? ( ,rembr&t & ! maturity ( ,corot & ( ,delacroix40 ,*>d9 is an arti/ belov$ by arti/s4 ,9 a sympa!tic criticism1 ,arm&-,dayot writes3 8,x is n by accid5t t ,i am us+ ?is ^w mti]3 beaut du mti]--all is compris$ 9 t phrase4 ,by ?is phrase ! great] numb] ( ! ,fr5* arti/s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury %\ld be judg$4 ,la beaut du mti]--t expresses all _! ef=ts4 ,&1 inde$1 :at =mula c\ld bett] def9e ,*>d9 ?an ! beaut du mti]8 ,an illum9ation1 meticul\s & sy/ematic1 because x has be5 s well ord]$ & arrang$2 light dep>t+ f "o po9t to appe> at ano!r & %[+ ! v>i\s objects accord+ to ! place !y occupy ) relation to ! di/ance f ! lum9\s c5tre2 a beautiful pa/e ( ! be/ composition 9 its own day & :i* "t has conv]t$ into a transp>5t & limpid enamel2 &1 above all1 t classical arrangem5t1 :i* is l t ( ,p\ss91 ,le ,brun1 ,le ,sueur & ,claude ,lorra91 add to ! play ( great sweeps ( color2 ! en*ant+ reflections t cross "o ano!r & t are sup]impos$ )\t break+ ! orig9al balance ( ! contra/+ colors2 & ! rigor\s draw+--su* are ! reasons :y we class ,*>d9 high 9 ! ,fr5* traditions ( cl>ity & beautiful arrangem5t ( light4 ,9 8 ri*ness ( color he is d]iv$ f ! ,v5etians & he became ! ance/or ( ,fant9-,lat\r40 ,*>d9's vogue is increas+ day by day1 = he belongs to t small gr\p ( great ma/]s :o h play$ ) light4 ,p]haps1 m ?an any o!r pa9t]1 ,*>d9 succe$$ 9 produc+ ! mo/ subtle ov]tones ( color4 ,m4 ,arm&-,dayot1 z we h j se51 claims ,*>d9 z ! ance/or ( ,fant9-,lat\r4 ,may we n also sugge/ t 9 ,*>d91 ,matisse has f\nd inspiration = 8 delicate & t5u\s effects 9 ! upp] rea*es ( ! color scale8 ,we get a glimpse ( ,*>d9 at "w f ,did]ot :o1 aft] a visit to 8 ateli]1 wrote3 8,*>d91 :o has su* a ke5 feel+ = color1 keeps 8 eyes glu$ ^u 8 canvas3 8 m\? is half-op52 & he brea!s heavily4 ,8 palette is a picture ( *aos & into ?is *aos he dips 8 bru%4 ,f x he draws 8 "w ( real creation1--birds ) all ! delicate nuances ( t9t 9 _! plumage2 fl[]s ) velvet petals2 trees ( v>i$ foliage & gre5]y1 ! blue ( ! sky1 ! spray ( wat]1 animals ) _! s(t fur & ! fire flam+ f _! brilliant eyes4 ,! pa9t] rises1 walks "s di/ance away1 & ?r[s a rapid glance ^u 8 picture2 !n he seats himself aga9 be=e ?is canvas & y soon see appe> fle% t9ts1 clo?1 velvet1 damask1 taffetas1 transp>5t musl91 or heavy l954 ,y also see ! ripe yell[ pe> fall+ f ! tree & ! gre5 grapes hang+ on ! v9e40 ,,les ,,deux ,,confid5tes4 ,franois ,b\*] 7#agjc-aggj74 ,collection ( ,mrs4 ,william ,r4 ,timk54 ,madame de ,pompad\r 0 ! fir/ own] ( ?is picture & x looks z if x might h be5 pa9t$ at h] sugge/ion4 ,x is sign$ & dat$ #agej & measures #cb #bi in*es1--a p]fect size = a b\doir or a small salon4 ,next ! picture 0 9 ! ,collections ( ,pillet-,w1 ! ,m>quis de ,m>igny1 & ! ,m>quis de ,m5>s4 ,"h we h two "y ladies ( high degree play+ at pa/oral life4 ,_! b>e feet & ! pres5ce ( %eep are ! only sugge/ion t !y are %eph]desses4 ,!y are1 h[ev]1 %eph]desses ( ! k9d we read ( 9 ! eclogues ( poets4 ,9 e way ! picture is *>m+4 ,! composition is faultless1 ! lights spl5didly conc5trat$ & diffus$1 & ! colors are ( exquisite beauty4 ,aga9/ ! gre5 ( ! fea!ry trees 9 ! backgr\nd & ! v]dant turf 9 ! =egr\nd ! lu/r\s silk5 dresses--pale/ blue & pale/ rose--( ! "y ladies :o are ex*ang+ confid5ces 7d\btless ( fai?ful or fai?less lov]s7 appe> to ! greate/ advantage4 ,! fl[]s1 tumbl+ out ( ! basket :i* has fall5 d[n1 are mo/ sympa!tically pa9t$ by "o :o r>ely1 if ev]1 omitt$ roses 9 any picture4 ,all ! colors melt & m+le 9 p]fect h>mony4 ,b\*] pa9t$ at ! height ( ! ,l\is ,,xv p]iod & ( ?is p]iod lie ,faure says3 8,franois ,b\*] is its s\l4 ,fa%ion is always pres5t 9 8 facile & fecund "w--on ceil+s1 scre5s1 c>riage-panels1 dess\s portes1 boxes & fans--%eph]desses & pa/orales ev]y:]e & on e ?+4 ,*>m+ 9 mann]1 g5]\s1 pleasure-lov+ & ador$ by bo? m5 & wom51 ,b\*] /&s ) ! ,k+'s mi/ress1 ,madame de ,pompad\r1 z ! c5tre ( 8 own revolv+ circle ( w+$ ,cupids & g>l&s ( fl[]s40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mrs4 ,william ,r4 ,timk5 ,,les ,,deux ,,confid5tes --,franois ,b\*] ,franois ,b\*]1 born 9 ,p>is1 ,sept4 #bi1 #agjc1 began 8 c>e] z an illu/rator & engrav] & w5t to ,italy ) ,c>le ,van ,loo4 ,return+ to ,p>is 9 #agca he frequ5t$ ! gay society ( op]atic & !atrical circles & acquir$ reputation4 ,9 #agcd he 0 admitt$ to ! ,academy ) 8 picture ( ,r9aldo & ,armida n[ 9 ! ,l\vre4 ,b\*] became associat$ ) ! tape/ry-manufactory at ,beauvais & also at ! ,gobel9s & 9 #agfe succe$$ ,c>le ,van ,loo z fir/ pa9t] to ,l\is ,,xv4 ,b\*] attract$ ! att5tion ( ,madame de ,pompad\r & decorat$ h] b\doirs & salons1 & pa9t$ sev]al portraits ( ?is h&some lady4 ,b\*] di$ 9 ! ,l\vre 9 #aggj1 :ile pa9t+ ,v5us at h] ,toilet4 ,accord+ to 8 own record ,b\*] pa9t$ a ?\s& pictures & made t5 ?\s& draw+s & sket*es4 ,a ,,"y ,,girl ,,read+ ,a ,,lett]4 ,jean ,bapti/e ,greuze 7#agbe-ahje74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,john ,mc,cormack4 ,?is picture1 an oil pa9t+ on canvas 7#bg #ba in*es71 comes f ! ,collection ( ,alfr$ ,*>les de ,ro?s*ild1 ,seamore ,place1 ,london1 & repres5ts a "y girl seat$ 9 an uphol/]$ *air we>+ a :ite *emise1 :i* has slipp$ f h] %\ld]s4 ,an op5 lett] is spread on h] lap1--a lett] be=e envelopes 7 kn[n1 = ?is has ! seal /ill atta*$4 ,h[ev]1 lett]s br+ tid+s ( delight or sorr[1 ) or )\t envelopes1 & we h no clue to ! cont5ts ( ?is "o4 ,we ga!r1 h[ev]1 t ! missive is a love-lett]4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,john ,mc,cormack ,a ,,"y ,,girl ,,read+ ,a ,,lett] --,jean ,bapti/e ,greuze ,jean ,bapti/e ,greuze 0 born at ,t\rn\s1 ne> ,macon1 ,burgundy1 & 0 ! son ( a ?at*]4 ,he fir/ /udi$ pa9t+ ) a travell+ picture-p$l> nam$ ,grondon & w5t ) him to ,lyons & liv$ !re = eight ye>s1 pa9t+ pictures & hawk+ !m ab\t ! c\ntry4 ,h[ev]1 ,grondon 0 ! fa!r ( ! wife ( ,grtry1 ! compos]1 s ,greuze probably _h a little ta/e ( art4 ,9 #agdf he w5t to ,p>is & work$ at ! ,academy1 mak+ "s progress 9 hi/orical pa9t+ & portraits4 ,"o day he a/oni%$ ev]ybody by 8 picture ( ,un pre de famille expliquant la ,bible ses enfants & ,le ,p>alytique s]vi p> ses enfants1 :i* caus$ him to be receiv$ z an ,acadmici54 ,o!rs ( ?is type ( pa!tic1 or homely1 /ory-tell+ 9 pa9t foll[$4 ,?is1 !n new /yle ( art1 won ,greuze _m admir]s1 among !m ,did]ot4 ,9 #agef ,greuze w5t to ,rome = two ye>s & on 8 return to ,p>is began to exhibit 8 n[ fam\s bu/s & heads ( beautiful "y girls4 ,betwe5 #agee & #agfi ,greuze exhibit$ ab\t "o hundr$ & tw5ty pictures at ! ,l\vre &1 aft] ! ,revolution1 ab\t ?irty works4 ,he 0 entirely brok5 by ! ,revolution & di$ 9 #ahje 9 pov]ty & oblivion4 ,,"y ,,girl4 ,jean ,bapti/e ,greuze 7#agbe-ahje74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,william ,r&olph ,he>/4 ,we h>dly "k :i* face to admire ! mo/--t ( ! little girl or t ( h] little dog ) ! bright1 intellig5t eyes1 s lov+ & s tru/ful4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,william ,r&olph ,he>/ ,,"y ,,girl --,jean ,bapti/e ,greuze ,?is picture 7#ad #ad in*es7 ,greuze has pa9t$ ) ! t5d]e/ c>e1--depict+ ! budd+ beauty ( ! *ild2 & he has1 moreov]1 us$ ! swirl+ curves 9 su* a di/+ui%$ mann] t we ?9k ( ! circles & ! curves 9 ,raphael's ,madonna della ,s$ia 9 ! ,pitti4 ,!re is a g5tle sadness 9 ! face ( ! little girl ( :i* ! little companion & fri5d1 s confid5tly ne/l$ 9 h] lov+ arms1 seems to be consci\s2 &1 p]haps1 a little worri$ z well4 ,,la ,,m>quise ,,de ,,besons ,,tun+ ,a ,,guit> ,jean ,bapti/e ,greuze 7#agbe-ahje74 ,collection ( ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,h5ry ,b>ton ,jacobs4 ,at ! ,salon ( #ageg ,greuze exhibit$ ?is portrait "u ! title ( ,madame ,x ,tun+ a ,guit>4 ,_m :o saw ! picture recogniz$ ,madame ,x z ,anne de ,bricqueville de la ,luz]ne1 wife ( ,jacques ,baz91 ,m>quis de ,besons1 a v prom95t & p[]ful "l ( ! ,h\ses ( ,hup91 ,neuvill1 etc41 & ,lieut5ant-,g5]al ( ! ,k+'s armies4 ,madame de ,besons is we>+ a pale p9k silk dress ) a deep fl\nce ) sleeves ( ! favorite ,me*l9 lace & a l>ge cape ) coll>4 ,h] hair is wav$ 9 f9e %ells & adorn$ ) ! little spray ( fl[]s t ,madame de ,pompad\r _h made ! fa%ion at ?is mom5t4 ,a necklace consi/+ ( ?ree r[s ( p]fectly mat*$ pe>ls proclaim ,madame de ,besons a lady ( weal?4 ,! *air 9 :i* ,madame de ,besons is sitt+ is a h&some example ( ,l\is ,,xv furniture1 gold frame uphol/]$ 9 light gre5 brocade4 ,! backgr\nd is d>k grey4 ,! pa9t+ 7#cg #bi in*es7 is an unusual & a mo/ arti/ic "w ( ,greuze4 ,,la ,,m>quise ,,de ,,villemonble4 ,franois ,hub]t ,dr\ais 7#agbg-agge74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,"o is (t5 ask$ to def9e ! /yle ,l\is ,,xv4 ,c\ld !re possibly be a bett] def9ition ?an is express$ 9 ?is exquisite portrait ( an exquisite lady1--,la ,m>quise de ,villemonble8 ,is n ! v ess5ce1 ! _s1 ! p]fume ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury se5 9 ! face1 ! dress1 ! pose1 ! mann]1 ! *>m1 & ! 8gr& /yle0 ( ! ,m>quise8 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,h5ry ,b>ton ,jacobs ,,la ,,m>quise ,,de ,,besons ,,tun+ ,a ,,guit> --,jean ,bapti/e ,greuze ,x is v evid5t t ,dr\ais took deep delight 9 pa9t+ ?is ari/ocratic lady & h] beautiful co/ume z well4 ,we c see ) :at pleasure ! pa9t]'s bru% swept into be+ ! lu/re & ! folds ( ! pale lemon sat9 dress2 trac$ ! delicate patt]n ( ! ,me*l9 lace t =ms ! ruffles ( ! bell-sleeves & ! g>niture ( ! neck2 ti$ ! b[s ( ri* p9k sat9 adorn+ ! corsage & hold+ ! lace at ! sleeves2 t\*$ up ! clu/] ( %ad$ grey fea!rs & r\nd$ ! pe>ls 9 ! coiffure2 plac$ ! little /r+ ( black velvet ar\nd ! neck2 & l+]$ ^u ! %eet ( music :i* ! ,m>quise is hold+ s gracefully4 ,! words bel[ ! notes %[ t ! lady is a s+]4 ,yet all ^! c>efully pa9t$ details d n detract f ! beauty ( ! lady h]self4 ,h] features are high-br$1 sweet1 & p]fect1 & h] expression %[s great lovel9ess ( nature4 ,altoge!r ! ,m>quise de ,villemonble is a beautiful & *>m+ p]son & ,dr\ais1 we may be sure1 has n flatt]$ h] 9 ?is beautiful & *>m+ portrait4 ,! canvas 7#df #ce in*es7 is sign$ & dat$ #agfa & x is int]e/+ to relate t x came directly f ! ,villemonble family to its pres5t own]1 ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,franois ,hub]t ,dr\ais 0 born 9 ,p>is 9 #agbg & /udi$ "u 8 fa!r1 ,hub]t ,dr\ais 7#afii-agfg71 a portrait-pa9t] :o 0 also fam\s = 8 m9iatures4 ,"y ,franois grew up ) ! great pa9t]s ( ! day1 :o 7 fri5ds ( 8 fa!r--,natti]1 de ,troy1 ,oudry1 & o!rs--& he became a pupil ( ,c>le ,van ,loo & ,b\*]4 ,) su* ma/]s is x any wond] t ,dr\ais %\ld h develop$ /yle8 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e ,,la ,,m>quise ,,de ,,villemonble --,franois ,hub]t ,dr\ais ,dr\ais began to exhibit at ! ,salon ( #agee & appe>$ e ye> subsequ5tly until 8 dea? 9 #agge4 ,8 tal5ts br\ght him recognition & he became pa9t] to ! ,k+1 to ,monsieur & ,madame1 & practically all ! nobility & ari/ocracy ( ,france sat to him4 ,naturally1 ! _w ( fa%ion foll[$ suit4 ,dr\ais pa9t$ ,madame de ,pompad\r & ow$ mu* to h] patronage4 ,he also pa9t$ ,madame du ,b>ry _m times & 8 vogue cont9u$ ?r\gh ! reign ( ,l\is ,,xvi4 ,"o ( 8 mo/ successful portraits--,m>ie ,anto9ette z ,hebe--n[ hangs at ,*antilly & gives a mo/ di/+ui%$ pres5tation ( ! "y ,que51 a pr\d figure 9 yell[ drap]ies1 rose-color$ wai/ ribbons1 & lilac sc>f1 hold+ a gold5 cup 9 "o h& & a silv] ew] 9 ! o!r4 ,dr\ais holds 8 own ) ,watteau1 ,pat]1 ,lancret1 ,fragon>d1 ,greuze1 ,*>d91 & de la ,t\r1 = he1 too1 l ^! arti/s ( radiant /yle1 knew h[ to pres5t ) skillful & poli%$ te*nique1 fl[+ l9es1 flu5t grace1 piquant expression1 *>act]i/ic ge/ure1 & fa%ionable dress4 ,moreov]1 8 quick obs]vation & light t\* produce some?+ ak9 to sp>kl+ com$y2 & yet 9 all ! play ( 8 bru% & 8 airy mann] ,dr\ais nev] fail$ to create an atmosph]e ( elegance & di/9ction4 ,,mademoiselle ,,helvetius4 ,franois ,hub]t ,dr\ais 7#agbg-agge74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,mortim] ,l4 ,s*iff4 ,t ,dr\ais 0 a ma/] :o c\ld succe$ ) any subject = portraiture w be appreciat$ by comp>+ ?is sympa!tic pres5tation ( a pretty little girl ) ! prec$+ portrait ( ,la ,m>quise de ,villemonble1 :o appe>s 9 ! full beauty ( maturity4 ,ev5 ,greuze1 ) all 8 skill 9 repres5t+ y\?ful *>m1 nev] produc$ a loveli] "w ?an ?is ,mademoiselle ,helvetius4 ,"h ! little girl looks at u smil+ b5ea? h] big 8%eph]dess0 hat1 hold+ 9 h] dress clu/]s ( purple & jade color$ grapes4 ,dr\ais evid5tly appreciat$ ! decorative beauty ( ! grape & its leaves1 = he has br\ght out _! "* & lusci\sness ) a lov+ surety ( t\* t %[s him to be on a p> ) any pa9t] :o has specializ$ 9 fruit4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,mortim] ,l4 ,s*iff ,,mademoiselle ,,helvetius --,franois ,hub]t ,dr\ais ,! delightful pa9t+1 :i* is sign$1 came to its pres5t own] f ! ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan ,collection4 ,l',,invocation ,l',,am\r4 ,jean ,honor ,fragon>d 7#agcb-ahjf74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,mortim] ,l4 ,s*iff4 ,! de ,gonc\rts rem>k$ 9 _! ,l',art du ,dix-huitime ,sicle t ! two great--& ! only great--poets 9 ,france 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury 7 ,watteau & ,fragon>d2 & !y v fancifully & v truly said t ! saucy little ,loves hov]+ ab\t 9 ! sky ( ,l',emb>quem5t p\r ,l'le de ,cy?re 7 8gett+ ready to fly to ,fragon>d & to put on 8 palette ! hues ( _! butt]fly w+s40 ,( t tragic pa9t+1 ,corsus & ,callirho 79 ! ,l\vre7 ! de ,gonc\rts1 not+ ! extraord9>y movem5t & :irl 9 ! "w1 said 8a great mute cry seems to rise 9 ! composition10 & !n add$3 8,?is cry ( a picture1 s new = ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury1 is ,passion40 ,fragon>d _h ! g5ius = express+ movem5t & emotion to su* a degree t sometimes 8a cry0 seems to issue f 8 canvas4 ,?is ru% ( movem5t & ?is torr5t ( emotion1 ?is outbur/ l leap+ flames & :irl+ cl\ds1 is express$ 9 full p[] 9 ! picture repres5t$ "h1 :i* be>s "s lik5ess to ! ,f\nta9 ( ,love 9 ! ,wallace ,gall]y1 ,london4 ,l',invocation l',am\r 7#bj #bd in*es7 0 pa9t$ betwe5 #aghj & #aghe4 ,x came into public notice at ! ,la ,ro*ef\cauld-,lianc\rt ,sale 9 ,p>is 9 #ahbg & has s9ce belong$ to ! ,collections ( ,m4 le duc de ,polignac2 to ,madame la du*esse de ,polignac ne ,crillon2 to ,mr4 ,l4 ,neumann1 ,london2 & to ,m4 ,jean ,b]toloni1 ,p>is4 ,l',invocation l',am\r 0 %[n at ! ,fragon>d ,exposition1 ,muse des ,arts ,dcoratifs1 ,p>is 9 #aiba1 & came !reaft] into possession ( ,mr4 ,mortim] ,l4 ,s*iff4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,mortim] ,l4 ,s*iff ,l',,invocation ,l',,am\r --,jean ,honor ,fragon>d ,jean ,honor ,fragon>d 0 born at ,grasse 9 #agcb & di$ 9 ,p>is 9 #ahjf4 ,he /udi$ "u ,*>d9 & ,b\*]1 won ! gr& prix de ,rome at ! age ( tw5ty1 /udi$ 9 ,rome1 visit$ ,naples & ,sicily ) ,hub]t ,rob]t1 &1 return+ to ,p>is1 leap$ into fame ) 8 ,corsus & ,callirho 9 #agfe4 ,fragon>d pa9t$ e subject--love-sc5es1 portraits1 g5re1 & l&scape--equally well & always ) ! lighte/ t\*1 ! mo/ delicate colors1 & inf9ite *>m4 8,8 me?od10 says ,l\is ,hautecur1 8is ev5 m dext]\s ?an t ( ,b\*]1 because he is bett] in/ruct$2 ?is rapidity ( bru%-"w is n neglig5t1 because x is guid$ by previ\s /udy2 ?is fre$om ( h&l+ is n hap-haz>d3 x spr+s f ! joy ( creat+2 t is :at makes ,fragon>d a great pa9t]4 ,?us a natural s5sibility1 :i* gave to 8 works movem5t1 picturesque "*1 & color seems to be ! ma/] faculty ( ,fragon>d2 & out ( ?is movem5t1 ?is feel+ = ! picturesque1 & ?is color arises a fantasy compos$ ( intellig5ce & imag9ation4 ,! ,fte ( ,/4 ,cl\d becomes a fairy sc5e2 ! ,g>d5 ( ,fonta9ebleau ! sett+ ( a dream2 & ! ,f\nta9 ( ,love fl[s 9 a _w ( my/]y4 ,fragon>d 0 n only a pa9t] unique 9 /yle1 b he 0 a poet ( t c5tury ( :i* he saw ! close--a poet ^: s5sibility 0 %[n less 9 ! nature ( 8 works ?an 9 ! mann] 9 :i* he treat$ !m3 9 8 gold5 rays ( light2 9 ! %ad[y recesses ( ! p>ks2 9 ! cl\d =ms ( a tempe/2 9 ! y\?ful *>m ( *ildr52 & 9 ! grace ( wom5--& h]e9 lies 8 orig9ality40 ,,le ,,billet-,,d\x4 ,jean ,honor ,fragon>d 7#agcb-ahjf74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,9 /udy+ ?is graceful composition ) its subtle h>monies ( color & its amaz+ play ( iridesc5t reflections & ev] *ang+ lights x is easy to see t ,fragon>d sp5t "s "t 9 ! /udio ( ,*>d91 hav+ ! b5efit ( in/ruction f t great ma/]4 ,*>m is ! keynote ( ! picture4 ,! colors are indescribable z !y are con/antly *ang+2 b ! g5]al tonality is gold5-br[n 9 all ! %ades ( leaves at autumn ) sunlight play+ ^u !m & comb9$ ) ! s(te/ blue ( ! sky2 & ^! br[ns & blues are s m]g$ & m+l$ t !y %imm] & v>y l 8*angeable velvet40 ,! effect is1 !re=e1 bo? ri* &1 at ! same "t1 t5d]1 s(t1 & brilliant4 ,a few high lights ( p9k are discreetly us$4 ,! *>m+1 piquant1 & lovely lady1 is said to be ! daught] ( ,b\*] & 0 m>ri$ to ano!r pa9t]1 ,baud\91 &1 aft] 8 dea?1 to ,m4 de ,cuvill]4 ,! lady is half ris+ f h] writ+-table & is hold+ 9 h] left h& a b\quet ( p9k roses 9 a conical pap]-hold] into :i* %e is plac+ a lett]1 address$ to 8,monsieur ,m4 ,c40 ,h] head is turn$ a little to ! front & h] expression seems to indicate t %e does n wi% to be detect$ 9 h] pretty romance4 ,%e is a p]son ( elegance & fa%ion & h] dress is altoge!r comme il faut1 9 :at we please to call to-day a 8,watteau co/ume10 ) ! panni]s & ! 8,watteau plait0 at ! back4 ,! mat]ial is a v pale blue velvet ) br[ni% lights4 ,h] hair is dress$ fa%ionably & surm\nt$ by a modi% little 8butt]fly cap0 bright5$ ) p9k ribbons1 :i*1 ) ! p9k roses1 are ! only notes ( bright color 9 ! picture4 ,ly+ on ! *air & look+ directly out ( ! picture is a d>l+ little poodle dog4 ,9 ! 8,billet-,d\x10 ,l\is ,hautecur says1 8we c be/ appreciate ! skill ( ! ma/] :o delight$ 9 mak+ a gold5 light play across a yell[ curta9 ^u a blue robe40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e ,,le ,,billet-,,d\x --,jean ,honor ,fragon>d ,?is pa9t+ 7#cc #bf in*es7 pass$ ?r\gh ! ,collections ( ! ,b>on ,feuillet de ,con*es2 ,madame ,jag]s*midt2 ,m4 ,erne/ ,croni]2 & ,m4 ,joseph ,b>dac1--all ( ,p>is4 ,! ,billet-,d\x 0 %[n at ! ,alsace-,lorra9e ,exhibitions ( #ahgd & #aibg1 & is laud$ 9 all ! /&>d works on ,fragon>d4 ,,la ,,m>quise ,,de ,,la ,,f>e4 ,jean ,honor ,fragon>d 7#agcb-ahjf74 ,collection ( ,mrs4 ,james ,b4 ,hagg94 ,c\ld any?+ be light]1 loveli]1 & m graceful 9 ! way ( pa9t+ ?an ?is di/+ui%$ repres5tation ( ! di/+ui%$ ,m>quise de la ,f>e8 ,= elegant simplicity z well z te*nique ?is portrait is )\t a pe]4 ,only ,fragon>d c\ld h pa9t$ x4 ,!re is some?+ "h t rem9ds u ( ! flick] & flutt] & quick movem5t & vitality ( ! flame1--t symbol ( ! s\l & ( et]nal life4 ,unconsci\sly1 p]haps1 by ^! leap+1 fla%+ l9es ! pa9t] symboliz$ 8 own g5ius & ! _s ( ! exquisite lady he 0 privileg$ to portray4 ,) 8 butt]fly t\* & 8 liquid1 rapid bru%1 ,fragon>d caught ?is *>m+ p]sonality4 ,yet1 beh9d ?is quick impressioni/ic "w--z light 9 key & e!real 9 h>mony z ,claude ,monet or ,matisse--:at k1 :at skill6 ,"h is all ! maje/y ( ,greek sculpture at its climax ( p]fection1 b ,greek sculpture r5d]$ dynamic & human4 ,& :at a pose6 ,:at exquisite arms & h&s6 ,:at /yle6 ,:at *ic6 ,! dress is cream & ! drap]y1 old rose1 h>moniz+ ) ! a%-blonde hair & blue eyes4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mrs4 ,james ,b4 ,hagg9 ,,la ,,m>quise ,,de ,,la ,,f>e --,jean ,honor ,fragon>d ,! picture 7#ca #be in*es7 came directly f ! de la ,f>e family to its pres5t own]4 ,,! ,,f\nta9 ,,9 ,,! ,,p>k4 ,hub]t ,rob]t 7#agcc-ahjh74 ,collection ( ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,h5ry ,b>ton ,jacobs4 ,:5 ,hub]t ,rob]t exhibit$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ,augu/1 #agfe1 he won in/ant recognition4 ,! ,fr5* public at a p]iod :5 ta/e 0 supreme1 prais$ ! orig9ality ( ,hub]t ,rob]t's design & 8 exquisite delicacy ( color+ & decid$1 moreov]1 t al?\gh 8 /udy ( ! antique _h be5 ?or\gh & sympa!tic1 ! new arti/ 01 above all1 a ,p>isian ( ,p>isians4 ,hub]t ,rob]t plays on two !mes3 "o1 ! ru9s ( antiquity--especially ,rome--& ! o!r1 g>d5-sc5es4 ,9 fact1 8 success ) ru9s z subject-matt] gave him ! sobriquet ( 8,rob]t des ,ru9es40 ,hub]t ,rob]t 0 born 9 ,p>is 9 #agcc & aft] "s prelim9>y art education w5t to ,rome 9 #aged1 :]e he /udi$ = elev5 ye>s1 devot+ himself almo/ exclusively to antiquities4 ,on 8 return to ,p>is he 0 made a memb] ( ! ,academy & 8 pictures br\ght him in/ant fame4 ,he liv$ 9 ! /udios 9 ! ,l\vre until ! outbreak ( ! ,revolution1 :5 he 0 imprison$ = t5 mon?s2 b dur+ ?is "t he pa9t$ & produc$ a ,tak+ ( ! ,prison]s by ,tor*light 9 ,op5 ,c>ts f ,/4 ,plagie to ,/4 ,laz>e4 ,he 0 lucky 9 8 release1 :i* occurr$ ?r\gh ! mi/ake ( ! jail]1 :o s5t ano!r prison] ( ! same "n to ! guillot9e4 ,hub]t ,rob]t di$ 9 ,p>is on ,april #ae1 #ahjh4 ,equal to 8 reputation z a pa9t] 0 8 reputation z a l&scape-g>d5]4 ,he 0 ! successor ( ,le ,ntre1 ^: /yle _h giv5 place to ! ,anglo-,*9ese g>d5s4 ,hub]t ,rob]t1 z ar*itect ( ! ,k+'s ,g>d5s1 design$ ! ,ba?s ( ,apollo 9 ! ,p>k ( ,v]sailles 9 #aghd1 & he laid out ! v fam\s gr\nds ( ,mzville ne> tampes-9-,beauce1 9 :i* "w ,joseph ,v]net 0 associat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,dr4 & ,mrs4 ,h5ry ,b>ton ,jacobs ,,! ,,f\nta9 ,,9 ,,! ,,p>k --,hub]t ,rob]t ,! di/+ui%$ picture %[n "h 7#eg #ci in*es7 f ! ,collection ( ,m4 ,s4 ,b>dac1 ,p>is1 pres5ts ! arti/ also z a g>d5-lov]4 ,all ! poetry produc$ by a toss+ /ream ( spray among gre5 trees is express$ "h4 8,hub]t ,rob]t10 writes ,h5ri ,frantz1 8is "o ( ^? :o1 br\ght back into fa%ion by ! de ,gonc\rts & _! g5]ation1 enjoy a reputation increas+ e day2 & ?us draw+s 9 r$ *alk or 9 wat]-colors :i* "o might easily h pick$ up ye>s ago 9 ! boxes ( ! petty deal]s ( ,p>is or ( ,rome are f\nd to-day 9 museums & 9 ! mo/ celebrat$ ,collections & fet* ! highe/ prices 9 ,european sales4 ,moreov]1 ,hub]t ,rob]t did n g out ( fa%ion till ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury & no arti/ 0 ft$ & admir$ by 8 contempor>ies m ?an he40 ,hub]t ,rob]t has aga9 become ! fa%ion4 ,,madame ,,labille-,,gui>d ,,& ,,two ,,pupils4 ,madame ,labille-,gui>d 7#agdi-ahjc74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,edw>d ,j4 ,b]w9d4 ,"h we h a picture pa9t$ 9 ! gr& /yle1 a beautiful composition1 a m>vell\s expression ( te*nique1 & a portrait-gr\p includ+ a self-portrait ( ! arti/4 ,madame ,labille-,gui>d1 a h&some wom5 ( da%+ /yle1 is seat$ be=e h] easel busy at "w1 we>+ a v h&some co/ume & n "o exactly appropriate to work+ 9 a /udio4 ,h[ev]1 ! pa9t] be+ z delightfully fem99e 9 h] ta/es z %e 0 mascul9e 9 h] arti/ic p]=mance1 has ! vanity ( h] sex to wi% to be p]petuat$ 9 ri* & fa%ionable attire1--comme il faut 9 e respect4 ,! two "y ladies1 :o are obs]v+ ! "w ( ,madame ,labille-,gui>d are h] favorite pupils1 ,mesdemoiselles ,capet & ,rosemond4 ,madame ,labille-,gui>d's dress is blue-grey sat9 ) lace at neck & sleeves & hat ( gold5 /raw ) blue-grey o/ri* fea!rs mat*+ ! dress4 ,! *air 9 :i* ! arti/ is seat$ is uphol/]$ 9 gre5 velvet4 ,! pupil 9 front we>s a d>k br[n dress4 ,mo/ beautifully is pa9t$ ! diaphan\s ruffle at h] elb[4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,edw>d ,j4 ,b]w9d ,,madame ,,labille-,,gui>d ,,& ,,two ,,pupils --,madame ,labille-,gui>d ,! picture ( l>ge dim5sions 7#hb #fj in*es7 is sign$ & dat$ #aghe & 0 exhibit$ at ! ,salon 9 t ye>4 ,f ! ,collection ( ,madame ,griois1 a desc5dant ( ! arti/1 ! pa9t+ came to its pres5t own]1 ,mr4 ,edw>d ,j4 ,b]w9d4 ,adlade ,labille-des-,v]tus 0 born 9 ,p>is1 ,april #aa1 #agdi4 ,%e /udi$ art "u ,franois lie ,v9c5t1 a clev] m9iature-pa9t] & aft]w>d "u ,lat\r4 ,%e m>ri$ twice3 fir/1 ! sculptor ,gui>d1 &1 aft] 8 dea?1 ,franois ,&r ,v9c5t1 ! son ( h] =m] tea*]1 himself a capable pa9t] & et*]4 ,madame ,labille-,gui>d became an ,acadmici5 9 #aghc at ! same "t ) ,madame ,vige ,lebrun4 ,%e pa9t$ a great numb] ( l>ge oil-portraits & m9iatures1 & 9 #aghg & #aghi attract$ att5tion by h] portraits ( ! ,k+'s daught]s1 ,madame ,adlade & ,madame ,victoire4 ,%e also pa9t$ a l>ge picture = ,monsieur 7aft]w>ds ,l\is ,,xviii71 call$ ! ,initiation ( a ,knight ( ,malta1 :i* 0 f9i%$ at ! outbreak ( ! ,revolution2 b :i* 0 de/roy$4 ,madame ,labille-,gui>d di$ 9 ,p>is on ,floral #d1 ,an ,,xi4 de la ,rpublique1 or ,april #h1 #ahjc4 ,,engli%1 ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury ,,engli%1 ,,eighte5? ,,c5tury ,:5 ,?ophile ,gauti] saw ,ga9sbor\gh's portrait ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,hallet1 n[ kn[n z ,! ,morn+ ,walk1 he said t he felt 8a /range retrospective s5sation1 s int5se is ! illusion x produces ( ! _s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,we really fancy we see ! "y c\ple10 he adds1 8walk+ arm-9-arm along a g>d5 av5ue40 ,x is ?is 8/range retrospective s5sation0 t we feel :5 we look ^u ! canvases ( ,ga9sbor\gh1 ,reynolds1 & ,romney4 ,! ,eighte5? ,c5tury 0 "o ( ^? p]iods 9 ! _w's hi/ory :5 ,society rea*$ its peak1 :5 ,society 0 ! goal ( all ?+s & ( e "o1 & :5 x 0 dom9at$ by ta/e1 elegance1 gaiety1 lightness1 brightness1 wit1 beauty1 & *>m4 ,!re 0 *>m 9 ev]y?+--9 art1 9 music1 9 lit]ature1 9 conv]sation1 & 9 dress4 ,!re 0 a *ic & da9ty grace ) :i* ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury belle wore h] l>ge hat1 ti$ h] sa%1 & po9t$ ! toe ( h] high-heel$ sat9 slipp] on ! poli%$ floor ( ! ball-room1 or ! gre5sw>d ( ! g>d5 or lawn2 & !re 0 a correspond+ *ic & da%+ elegance ) :i* ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury beau made 8 b[1 tapp$ 8 snuff-box1 or h&$ ! 8ladies ( ,/4 ,james's0 9 & out ( _! s$an-*airs4 ,?is sp>kl+1 iridesc5t age1 ) its ta/e1 grace1 & wit c nev] come aga9--= our _w has travell$ f> along ano!r pa?--b if ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury _c return to u1 we c return to x by means ( its lit]ature1 its music1 & its art4 ,at su* a p]iod1 :5 ! social _w 0 ( exceptional brilliance1 x is only natural t ! art ( portraiture %\ld h fl\ri%$ ) unp>allel$ lu/re4 ,?ree great g5iuses arose 9 ,engl& to br+ ?is special bran* ( pa9t+ up to a pit* t _h nev] be5 rea*$ !re be=e4 ,x is true t ,holbe9's portraits are magnific5t1 /ately1 & true to life1 & t !y pres5t wond]ful portrayals ( "*2 b ,holbe9 0 pa9t+ 9 a _w ( dra/ic *ange1 ( adv5ture1 ( political agitation1 :5 ne>ly ev]yone :om he pa9t$ _h ! fe> ( ! axe desc5d+ ^u 8 neck4 ,x is true t ,van ,dyck pa9t$ p ( elegance & di/+ui%$ mann]--! portrait ( ,rob]t ,ri*1 ,e>l ( ,w>wick on page #ahi w\ld alone prove ?is--& gives u a glimpse into a *>m+ _w4 ,b ,reynolds1 ,ga9sbor\gh1 & ,romney 7 ! fir/ to pa9t ,society--t brilliant1 witty1 provocative1 frivol\s1 graceful1 *>m+1 *ic1 & altoge!r delightful ,society ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,! ,eighte5? ,c5tury6 ,h[ we delight 9 x6 ,we are n too f> away to feel at home 9 x2 &1 moreov]1 mu* ( our beautiful ,georgian ar*itecture survives 9 ?is c\ntry ) ,*ipp5dale1 ,%]aton1 & ,heppel:ite furniture & ,spode1 ,w$gwood1 ,*elsea1 ,l[e/(t & v>i\s *9a1 ) o!r relics besides1 to %[ u t our ,colonial =efa!rs liv$ 9 /yle & elegance4 ,! late/ fa%ions 9 h\sehold furni%+s & dress travell$ "h f ,london ev5 quick] ?an !y travell$ to ! ,engli% prov9ces4 ,to lift ! curta9 ^u ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury is l lift+ ! cov] f a ,*9ese j> ( pot-p\rri2 & j z t subtle yet pung5t sc5t ( rose-leaves1 lav5d]1 sweet spices1 & musk float f x1 s visions appe> be=e ano!r s5se4 ,our inh]it$ memories br+ be=e u pictures ( brocade g[ns or 8hoops10 fl[]$ silk ov]dresses1 high-heel$ sat9 slipp]s ) glitt]+ buckles1 ruffles ( ,me*l9 lace1 8*ick5-sk90 fans gay ) ,watteau or ,lancret or ,pat] pictures1 ru/l+ silks1 %imm]+ sat9s1 nodd+ fea!rs1 c9namon coats1 ,ramilies tie-wigs1 lace-solitaires1 wri/-ruffles1 cock$-hats1 swords1 & snuff-boxes4 ,we seem to /& 9 lovely g>d5s1 bright ) roses & hollyhocks1 l>kspur1 foxglove1 am>an?1 love-9-a-mi/1 ble$+-he>ts1 & gillifl[]s1 not+ ! mov+ %ad[ on ! sundial & wat*+ ! /ately peacocks beh9d ! well-clipp$ h$ges ( box & holly2 or we foll[ ! fa%ionable _w to ,ranelagh or ,vauxhall1 :]e we look ) fasc9at$ gaze on ! beautiful wom5 9 hoops ( brocade or lute/r+ silk1 mu* pa9t$1 p[d]$ & pat*$1 glanc+ ar*ly b5ea? _! coquetti% 8gipsy hats0 at _! gallant escorts1 :o "k s well h[ to lead !m ?r\gh ! /eps ( a m9uet or a gavotte to ! rococo tunes ( ,rameau1 ,dr4 ,arne1 or ,c\p]9 ) _! quirls & pretty runs & trills & long pauses = /ately b[s4 ,t _w is s fasc9at+ to u t we fancy we1 too1 c\ld we> )\t emb>rassm5t ! elaborate co/ume & t we1 too1 w\ld feel mu* at home ) ,horace ,walpole & 8 fri5ds at ,/rawb]ry ,hill4 ,we1 too1 might be able to prep>e m9c$ *ick5 9 a *af+-di%1 j z satisfactorily z ! ,miss ,b]rys2 & we l to fancy t we c\ld take "p 9 _! airy conv]sation ( *>m1 bant]1 & light mock]y4 ,at any rate1 if we %\ld n be able to succe$ 9 ent]ta9+ ,horace ,walpole1 we are v c]ta9 t ,sir ,horace c\ld ent]ta9 u6 ,all ! ,society p ( ,london ( ?is "t seem v fri5dly to u & we are /rangely 8at home0 ) ! portraits ( ,ga9sbor\gh1 ,sir ,jo%ua1 & ,romney4 ,:5 we look ^u ,diana1 ,lady ,crosbie1 ,lady ,betty ,delm1 ,georgiana1 ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire1 ,m>ia ,walpole1 ,du*ess ( ,gl\ce/]1 ,lady ,d]by1 & ,! ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,dav5port d we n feel t we h kn[n & talk$ to ^! p 9 ! fle%8 ,_! eyes meet ours & our ?\ghts meet !irs1--& we are n /rang]s to "o ano!r4 ,& :5 we look ^u ,ga9sbor\gh's ,mall does x n br+ back memories ( ! "t :5 we1 ourselves1 walk$ !re ) all ! gay ?rong ( a bright morn+8 ,"l ,g[] said v aptly3 8,ga9sbor\gh creat$ a new s*ool by mak+ a lady's petticoat a ?+ ( beauty4 ,he c\ld ev5 ?r[ a halo ^u a ribbon or a sc>f40 ,t is true2 b ,"l ,g[] =got ! fact t ! lady _h by h] ta/e & h] high-br$ elegance conf]r$ di/9ction on h] clo!s by ! fitness ) :i* %e select$ !m & by ! mann] 9 :i* %e wore !m4 ,?rice 9 ,engl& h pairs ( g5iuses appe>$ at ! same "t1 invit+ comp>ison & attract+ p>tisans--,keats & ,%elley2 ,?ack]ay & ,dick5s2 & ,reynolds & ,ga9sbor\gh4 ,!re %\ld be no p>tisans4 ,! m we love & admire ,keats1 ! bett] we are able to admire & love ,%elley2 ! m we appreciate & delight 9 ,dick5s1 ! m we are able to appreciate & delight 9 ,?ack]ay2 & ! m we compreh5d & enjoy ,sir ,jo%ua1 ! m we are able to compreh5d & enjoy ,ga9sbor\gh4 ,al?\gh !y 7 rivals--& q bitt] ones at times--! two supreme ,engli% pa9t]s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury admir$ ea* o!r prodigi\sly4 8,damn him6 h[ v>i\s he is60 ,ga9sbor\gh exclaim$ ( ,reynolds2 & ,sir ,jo%ua rem>k$ to ,sir ,george ,beaumont ( ,ga9sbor\gh2 8,i _c imag9e h[ he manages to produce 8 effects40 8,:at is x !n t gives ,romney 8 hold ^u ?is g5]ation & w cont9ue to give him a hold s long z a love ( art endures among u80 ,humphrey ,w>d asks2 & !n he answ]s 8 own "q z foll[s3 8,9 "p1 ( c\rse1 x is because he %>es ) ,reynolds & ,ga9sbor\gh ! good =tune ( hav+ kept alive = u a society ( :i* ! fasc9ation is endur+--t limit$ & privileg$ society ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury :i* has realiz$ su* a p]fect art ( liv+ & ) :i* we c clasp h&s across ! gap z we _c ) ! m5 & wom5 ( ,*>les ! ,second's "t1 or ev5 ( ,que5 ,anne's4 ,mu* m is x because ( temp]am5t & tra9+4 ,romney 0 an arti/ 9 love ) lovel9ess2 because he f\nd x 9 ! wom5 & *ildr5 ( 8 "t & /amp$ x on c\ntless canvases4 8,to our problem-haunt$ pa9t]s ( to-day x may be se5 t 8 s5se ( =m 0 #8g5]ic & sup]ficial'2 !y may condemn him because he did n try to p5etrate deep into "* & because he simplifi$ too mu*1 l ! ,greek sculptors4 ,! lov] ( m]e human beauty w c>e little = su* objections1 provid$ t a portrait gives him ! ess5tials ( a beautiful face4 #8,! wit*]y ( eyes1 ! grace t tips ,! inexpressible d\ceur ( ! lips'-- & has bl5d$ !m ) ! ari/ocratic dignity ( ! ,lady ,sligo1 or ) ! melt+ sweetness ( _m ( ! sket*es ( ,emma4 ,?is is :at he f9ds 9 e fir/-rate ,romney2 & he f9ds mu* m4 ,he f9ds pure & unfad$ color1 ! fruit ( ! pa9t]'s k & ( a self-re/ra9t :i* =bade him to se>* = complex effects ?r\gh ra% exp]im5ts4 ,he f9ds a quality ( pa9t+ :i*1 ?\gh x wants ! subtlety & preci\sness t ,ga9sbor\gh rea*$ in/9ctively & ,sir ,jo%ua by ef=t1 is a quality to :i* nobody b a ma/] c atta94 ,to be conv9c$ ( ?is we h only to look closely at ! bru%-"w ( ! eyes 9 any ( ! ,national ,gall]y ,romneys1 or ! drap]ies 9 su* pictures z ! ,lady ,w>wick & ,*ildr5 or ! ,lady ,d]by4 8,:5 all is said1 ,romney rema9s "o ( ! greate/ pa9t]s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury & "o ( ! glories ( ! ,engli% "n40 ,we are apt to ?9k t x 0 easi] to conqu] a reputation 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury ?an x is to-day & t ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 ,ga9sbor\gh1 ,romney1 ,hoppn]1 & ,raeburn /epp$ easily into _! comm&+ positions4 ,let u rememb] t ,horace ,walpole m5tions ! fact t !re 7 two ?\s& portrait-pa9t]s 9 ,london 9 8 "t6 ,! /ory ( ,engli% ,pa9t+ previ\s to ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury is int]e/+ & v diff]5t f t ( any nation on ! ,cont95t4 ,! ,w>s ( ! ,roses1 :i* la/$ ?irty ye>s 7#adee-adhe71 co9cide ) ! great developm5ts ( ,pa9t+ 9 ,italy & ,fl&]s4 ,dur+ ?is p]iod1 :ile ,york & ,lanca/] 71 l ! ,lion & ! ,unicorn1 fight+ = ! ,cr[n1 no att5tion c\ld be paid to ! pa9t+ ( pictures4 ,up to ?is p]iod ,engl& _h _h a notable pa/ 9 portraiture1 fresco-pa9t+1 &1 ev5 m p>ticul>ly1 9 ! art ( illum9ation & m9iature-pa9t+4 ,9 ! decoration ( manuscripts f ab\t #abej to #acej ! ,anglo-,norman pa9t]s /ood fir/ 9 ?is bran* ( art4 ,! old mona/ic arti/s _h great traditions to foll[ & sup]b models to draw ^u1 su* z ! ,book ( ,kells 7dat+ f ! ,eigh? or ,n9? ,c5tury72 & ! ,w9*e/] ,s*ool ( ! ,t5? ,c5tury /ood v high be=e ! adv5t ( ! ,normans 9 #ajff4 ,our own c\ntry to-day c %[ _m examples ( ?is spl5did "w 9 private collections4 ,aft] ,william ,caxton set up 8 pr9t+-press at ,we/m9/] 9 #adga1 !re 0 little m ne$ = ! labori\sly writt5 manuscripts ) _! exquisite m9iature-pa9t+ & illum9ation4 ,oliv] ,cromwell's ,r\ndhead b&its & o!r ,puritans ) _! :olesale demoli%+ & sla%+ ( all art & ev]y?+ beautiful toge!r ) ! ,great ,fire ( ,london 9 #afff de/roy$ all ! pa9t+s t c\ld h told u j :at _h be5 accompli%$ 9 ,engl& at ! "t :5 ,fra ,angelico1 ,fra ,lippo ,lippi1 & ,botticelli 7 creat+ ma/]pieces 9 ,italy & :5 ,rog] van d] ,weyd5 & ,meml+ 7 pa9t+ glori\sly 9 ! great realm ( ! ,dukes ( ,burgundy4 ,su* works z ! ,romaunt de la ,rose & o!r ,anglo-,norman manuscripts give u a h9t ( :at ,pa9t+ 9 ,engl& mu/ h be52 =1 ( c\rse1 ,engli%1 or ,anglo-,norman ,pa9t+1 9 ,plantag5et days mu/ h be5--z 9 o!r c\ntries--an enl>g$ v]sion ( ! brightly color$ m9iatures t\*$ up ) gold-leaf 9 ! manuscripts4 ,h5ry ,,viii seems to h be5 ! fir/ ,engli% ,k+ :o 0 a patron ( art 9 ! mod]n s5se4 ,b !re 0 no ,engli% arti/ ( p[] to be patroniz$4 ,! ,g]man ,hans ,holbe9 7see page #bdj7 0 made ,c\rt-,pa9t]4 ,holbe9 pa9t$ all ! great p]sonages 9 ,tudor ,engl& & 8 influ5ce la/$ long aft] 8 dea?4 ,m9iature-portraits 7 also popul>4 ,! greate/ arti/ 9 ?is l9e 0 ,ni*olas ,hilli>d 7#aedg-afai71 a native ( ,exet]1 tra9$ z a goldsmi?1 a foll[] ( ,holbe91 & appo9t$ goldsmi?1 c>v]1 & portrait-pa9t] to ,que5 ,elizabe? 7^: portrait he pa9t$ _m times74 ,lat] he 0 portrait-pa9t] to ,james ,i4 ,x 0 ,hilli>d1 too1 :o engrav$ ! ,great ,seal ( ,engl& 9 #aehg4 ,hilli>d's pupil1 ,isaac ,oliv] 7#aeef-afag871 also a pupil ( ,f$]igo ,zucc>o1 0 unsurpass$ z a m9iature-pa9t] & taught 8 son ,pet] 7#afja-affj71 :o 0 fam\s = 8 draw+s & wat]-colors z well z = 8 m9iatures4 ,samuel ,coop] 7#afji-afgb71 a*iev$ a great reputation z a m9iaturi/ portrait-pa9t] & pa9t$ ,*>les ,,ii1 ,h5rietta ,m>ia1 all ! celebrities ( ! ,c\rt1 & also ,john ,milton & ,oliv] ,cromwell4 ,collectors appreciate 8 works to-day4 ,holbe9 left no ,s*ool & !re 0 no "o to succe$ him4 ,consequ5tly :5 ,antonio ,moro 7see page #beg71 came to ,engl& f ,spa9 9 #aeec to pa9t ,m>y ,tudor1 he /ay$ 9 ,london = "s "t pa9t+ celebrities4 ,9 ,que5 ,elizabe?'s "t ano!r =eign portrait-pa9t]1 ,f$]igo ,zucc>o 7or ,zuc*]o7 arriv$ f ,italy ) a great reputation1 hav+ work$ = ,pope ,gregory ,,xiii & ! ,c>d9al ( ,lorra9e1 & also 9 ,antw]p & ,am/]dam4 ,zucc>o pa9t$ ,que5 ,elizabe?1 ,sir ,francis ,wals+ham1 ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh1 ! ,e>l ( ,leice/]1 & _m o!r ,engli% notables4 ,ano!r =eign]1 ,daniel ,myt5s 7#aeij8-afef71 arriv$ 9 ! reign ( ,james ,i1 became 8 ,c\rt-,pa9t] & cont9u$ 9 ! po/ 9 ! reign ( ,*>les ,i1 until ,van ,dyck's popul>ity s5t him back to ,holl&4 ,myt5s pa9t$ 9 ! /yle ( ,rub5s & ,van ,dyck4 ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace conta9s _m full l5g? portraits by him4 ,a portrait by ,myt5s ( ,jeffrey ,hudson 7see page #aia71 hold+ a dog by a lea%1 hangs 9 ,buck+ham ,palace4 ,h[ev]1 9 ! reign ( ,*>les ,i1 ,an?ony ,van ,dyck 7see page #aha7 dom9at$ ,pa9t+ j z ,holbe9 _h 9 ! reign ( ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,= ye>s aft] 8 dea? e pa9t] tri$ to foll[ ,van ,dyck's /yle2 b !y all miss$ 8 di/9ction1 n hav+ 8 g5ius to />t )4 ,civil w> & ,puritanism kill$ art completely4 ,consequ5tly :5 8,*>lie came ov] ! wat]0 & ! 8,k+ ,enjoy$ 8 ,own ,aga910 !re 0 nobody 9 ! k+dom able to pa9t an acceptable portrait4 ,aga9 a =eign] met ! ne$4 ,?is "t x 0 ,pet] ,lely 7#afah-afhj71 :o 0 a ,dut*man1 born 9 ,we/phalia1 ,g]many1 ! son ( ,piet] van d] ,faes1 a capta9 ( infantry1 :o _h *ang$ 8 "n to ,lely4 ,9 #afdj "y ,lely 0 9 ,engl&1 pa9t+ l&scapes & try+ to imitate ,van ,dyck 9 portraiture4 ,! m>riage ( ,pr9cess ,m>y to ,william1 ,pr9ce ( ,orange gave ,lely 8 fir/ opportunity & he pa9t$ ! ,royal c\ple ) ,*>les ,,ii1 :o made him a knight & b>onet 9 #afgi4 ,sir ,pet] only enjoy$ 8 honors a ye>1 = he di$ 9 #afhj4 ,sir ,pet] ,lely pa9t$ a great numb] ( portraits1 includ+ ! 8,c\rt ,beauties10 :i* n[ hang 9 ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace4 ,! ,c\rt-,pa9t] ( ,que5 ,m>y ,,ii & ,que5 ,anne 0 ano!r =eign]1 ,godfrey ,knell] 7#afdf-agbc71 a native ( ,lbeck1 a pupil ( ,f]d9& ,bol1 ,c>lo ,m>atti1 & ,b]n9i1 ) pa9t+ exp]i5ces 9 ,rome & ,v5ice4 ,knell] pa9t$ portraits ( ,*>les ,,ii1 ,l\is ,,xiv1 ,james ,,ii1 ,william ,,iii1 ,que5 ,m>y1 ,que5 ,anne1 & ,george ,i4 ,= ,que5 ,m>y ,,ii he pa9t$ ! 8,beauties0 at ,hampton ,c\rt1 9 a c]ta9 s5se a cont9uation ( ,sir ,pet] ,lely's 8,beauties40 ,knell] 0 knight$ 9 #afib & made a b>onet 9 #agae4 ,sir ,godfrey pa9t$ ! memb]s ( ! ,kit-,cat ,club & e p]son ( di/9ction 9 ,engl&4 ,9 #agje he settl$ ne> ,twick5ham4 ,pope wrote an epitaph = ,knell]'s monum5t 9 ,we/m9/] ,abbey4 ,william ,hog>? 7#afig-agfd7 :o n[ ent]s ! li/s1 is ! fir/ really ,engli% pa9t]4 ,hog>? 0 a native ( ,london & an engrav] z well z a pa9t]4 ,hog>? became ,s]geant-,pa9t] to ! ,k+ 9 #ageg4 ,he fir/ attract$ att5tion by 8 pr9ts = ,butl]'s ,hudibras 9 #agbf & at ?is "t began to pa9t 9 oils4 ,9 #agca he pa9t$ ,! ,h>lot's ,progress & foll[$ ?is ) ,s\?w>k ,fair & ,! ,rake's ,progress :i* gave him great fame z a satiri/4 ,9 #agde he pa9t$ 8 own ,portrait & ! ,m>riage la ,mode 7six sc5es74 ,! vigor & p]sonality ( 8 portraits1 ! beautiful color+ ( 8 palette1 & ! atmosph]e ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury make ,hog>? "o ( ! great names 9 art4 ,engl& 0 a long "t produc+ an arti/2 b :5 he came he 0 a v great "o4 ,hog>? 0 s pre-em95tly a *ronicl] ( ! fa%ions & follies ( 8 "t t we are apt to =get 8 beautiful use ( color1 & ,hog>?'s te*nique is s solid & s sure t 8 colors are z fre% to-day z :5 !y 7 pa9t$4 ,hog>? did n believe 9 8 p[]s ( portraiture2 b ! _w does n agree ) him4 ,! portrait ( ,lav9ia ,f5ton z ,polly ,pea*um 9 ! ,begg>'s ,op]a1 7,national ,gall]y1 ,london7 ranks z "o ( ! great portraits ( ! _w4 ,& !re are o!rs3 ,david ,g>rick & 8 ,wife 9 ,w9dsor ,ca/le2 8 own ,portrait 7,national ,gall]y1 ,london72 ,ar*bi%op ,h]r+ 7,lambe? ,palace72 ,peg ,w(f+ton2 & _m o!rs4 ,hog>?'s book ,! ,analysis ( ,beauty _h ! foll[+ orig94 ,9 8 own portrait pa9t$ 9 #agde he drew on a palette 9 "o corn] ( ! picture a s]p5t9e l9e ) ! words3 8,! l9e ( beauty & grace40 ,s mu* discussion ensu$ t ,hog>? wrote ! book to expla9 :at he meant & to e/abli% a /&>d ( beauty4 ,! ,eighte5? ,c5tury saw ! great p]iod ( ,engli% ,pa9t+ express$ 9 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds 7#agbc-agib72 ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh 7#agbg-aghh72 & ,george ,romney 7#agcd-ahjb74 ,o!rs ( importance 7 ,ri*>d ,wilson 7#agad-aghb71 fam\s = 8 l&scapes 9 _m ( :i* ru9s 7 introduc$2 ,francis ,cotes 7#agbe-aggj71 fam\s portrait-pa9t]2 &1 lapp+ ov] into ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,sir ,william ,bee*ey 7#agec-ahci71 :o became portrait-pa9t] to ! ,que52 ,john ,hoppn] 7#ageh8-ahaj71 portrait-pa9t] 7see page #daf72 ,john ,opie 7#agfa-ahjg71 hi/orical portrait-pa9t]2 ,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce 7#agfi-ahcj72 ,sir ,h5ry ,raeburn 7#agef-ahbc72 ,joseph ,mallord ,william ,turn] 7#agge-ahea72 ,john ,con/able 7#aggf-ahcg72 ,john ,wilkie 7#aghe-ahda72 & ,john ,crome1 kn[n z 8,old ,crome0 7#agic-ahdb74 ,,lady ,,betty ,,delm4 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds 7#agbc-agib74 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,h]b]t ,l4 ,satt]lee4 ,?is1 "o ( ,sir ,jo%ua's f9e/ gr\p pictures 7#ic #eg in*es71 0 pa9t$ 9 #aggg1 a ye> 9 :i* ! arti/ made _m notable portraits includ+ t ( ,diana1 ,visc\ntess ,crosbie 7see page #cde74 ,lady ,betty ,delm is seat$ at ! base ( an old bee*-tree on h] e/ate betwe5 ,london & ,portsm\?1 h] arm ar\nd h] *ildr54 ,! little ,scot* t]ri] seems mu* int]e/$ 9 8 ma/]4 ,! :ole is a wond]ful /udy 9 amb] & russet tones4 ,! picture came to ,mrs4 ,satt]lee f h] fa!r1 ! late ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan4 ,jo%ua ,reynolds 0 born 9 ,plympton ,e>l ,plym\?1 ,july #af1 #agbc1 ! son ( ! ,rev4 ,samuel ,reynolds1 headma/] ( ! gramm> s*ool4 ,e>ly %[+ great tal5t = draw+1 "y ,jo%ua 0 appr5tic$ 9 #agdj to ,?omas ,hudson1 ! portrait-pa9t]1 9 ,london4 ,?ree ye>s lat] he return$ home & e/abli%$ himself z a portrait-pa9t] at ,plym\? ,dock1 :]e he met ,william ,g&y1 a pa9t]1 :o _h no little influ5ce ^u 8 /yle4 ,9 #agdd ,reynolds 0 back 9 ,london & 9 #agdi back 9 ,devon%ire1 ?is "t settl+ 9 ,devonport4 ,9 ?is ye> he met at ,m\nt ,edgcumbe "y ,commodore ,keppel 7aft]w>ds ,admiral71 ^: portrait he pa9t$ & ) :om he =m$ a great fri5d%ip4 ,accept+ ,keppel's invitation to sail ) him on ! ,c5turion = a ,m$it]ranean trip1 ,reynolds ev5tually rea*$ ,rome1 :]e he sp5t two ye>s4 ,:ile /udy+ 9 ! ,vatican he caught a sev]e cold :i* result$ 9 a life-long deafness4 ,return+ home 9 #agec1 ,reynolds took rooms 9 ,/4 ,m>t9's ,lane1 !n ! headqu>t]s ( art1 & p began to flock to 8 /udio4 ,he !n remov$ to ,newport ,/reet & 9 #agfj e/abli%$ himself 9 ,leice/] ,fields 7n[ ,leice/] ,squ>e71 :i* = ?irty ye>s 0 ! r5dez-v\s = ! arti/ic1 lit]>y1 & di/+ui%$ _w ( ,london4 ,9 #agfh ,reynolds 0 unanim\sly elect$ fir/ ,presid5t ( ! j-e/abli%$ ,royal ,academy & 9 #agfi 0 knight$ by ,george ,,iii4 ,9 #aghd ,sir ,jo%ua succe$$ ,allan ,ramsay z ,pa9t]-9-,ord9>y to ! ,k+4 ,9 #aghi 8 eyesight began to fail & he soon _h to rel9qui% 8 art4 ,sir ,jo%ua di$ 9 #agib & 0 buri$ 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral ) great pomp4 ,9 addition to 8 enorm\s li/ ( pa9t+s ,sir ,jo%ua design$ ! w9d[s = ,new ,college1 ,ox=d1 & ,ox=d gave him ! degree ( ,d4 ,c4 ,l4 ,sir ,jo%ua's fam\s ,disc\rses on ,art 7 deliv]$ betwe5 #agfi & #agij at ! ,academy 8to enc\rage a solid & vigor\s c\rse ( /udy40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,h]b]t ,l4 ,satt]lee ,,lady ,,betty ,,delm --,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds ,:5 we ?9k ( ! ?\s&s ( pictures t ,sir ,jo%ua pa9t$--all ( !m f9e & _m ( !m great--we /& amaz$ at ! capacity ( ! arti/ :o produc$ !m4 ,!y 7 all creations6 ,! five portraits ( little ,isabella ,gordon kn[n z ,angels' ,heads 7,national ,gall]y1 ,london71 :i* 9 lightness1 delicacy1 & iridesc5ce h be5 comp>$ to ! petals ( a fl[] & ! melt+ s(tness ( ! ra9b[2 ,mrs4 ,siddons z ! ,tragic ,muse2 ! ,/rawb]ry ,girl2 ! ,age ( ,innoc5ce2 ,nelly ,o',bri52 ,kitty ,fi%]2 ,p5elope ,boo?by2 ,mrs4 ,ab+ton2 ,"l ,ligoni]2 ,! ,graces ,decorat+ a ,t]m9al figure ( ,hym52 ,diana1 ,lady ,crosbie2 ,mrs4 ,h>d+e2 ,lady ,cockburn & h] ,*ildr52--all belong to ! fir/ rank ( orig9al & arti/ic a*ievem5t4 8,reynolds10 ,sir ,walt] ,arm/rong writes1 8arriv$ at results sc>cely to be di/+ui%$ f ^? ( g5ius1 & did s entirely by ! action ( an orig9al m9d & a pr(\nd ta/e ^u accumulat$ mat]ials4 ,8 pa? t[>ds excell5ce 0 consci\s1 discrim9ative1 judicial4 ,e /ep he took 0 ! result ( a delib]ate *oice4 ,he felt no heats driv+ him into p>ticul> expression 9 8 own despite4 ,j z by fairness ( m9d he produc$ ! effect ( sympa?y among 8 fri5ds1 s by un]r+ judgm5t he produces ! effect ( creation on u :o value 8 art4 ,he appe>s to me ! supreme1 if n ! only1 mod]n in/ance ( a pa9t] rea*+ greatness along a pa?1 e /ep ( :i* 0 trodd5 delib]ately1 ) a full consci\sness ( :y x 0 tak5 & :i!r x 0 lead+1 & ) ! p[] unimpair$ to turn back or to *ange ! goal at any mom5t4 ,sup]ficially ! art ( ,sir ,jo%ua resembl$ t ( ,raphael z little z x well c\ld2 m5tally ! processes ( ! two m5 7 curi\sly alike4 ,bo? possess$ ta/e to su* a degree t x became g5ius2 & bo? 7 end[$1 = ! s]vice ( _! ta/e1 ) a m5tal indu/ry :i* is r>e40 ,x is un=tunate t ,sir ,jo%ua exp]im5t$ s deeply ) 8 pigm5ts & glazes s t we c see none ( 8 pictures 9 _! pri/9e beauty & brilliance4 ,t he 0 a r>e colori/ we w\ld "k f ,mrs4 ,siddons z ! ,tragic ,muse & ! ,angels' ,heads--! =m] ri* & gorge\s & ! latt] iridesc5t & delicate--%[+ ! two extremes4 ,"h is ,sir ,jo%ua's palette giv5 9 ! ,f>+ton ,di>y "u date ( ,augu/ #ad1 #ahjf3 8,m>*i 7,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds's assi/ant7 ,i call$ on be=e d9n] to desire him to call ^u ,j4 ,taylor to give 8 op9ion ( a picture said to be a portrait ( ,g>rick by ,sir ,j4 ,reynolds4 ,i desir$ ,m>*i to /ate to me :at colors ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds _h plac$ ^u 8 palette & ! ord] 9 :i* !y 7 laid4 ,he nam$ !m z foll[s4 ,he us$ a h&le palette z x is call$3 ,:ite2 ,naples ,yell[2 ,yell[ ok]2 ,v]million2 light r$2 lake2 black4 ,asphaltum he us$ occasionally1 b t he _h x 9 a galley-pot4 ,8 vehicles 73 ,ma/ick v>ni% & dry+ oil made into ,macgilp 9 a pot4 ,nut oil :i* he us$ ) 8 :ite 9 a pot4 ,ma/ick v>ni% only1 :i* he sometimes us$ alone2 & ,m>*i obs]v$ t x caus$ 8 colors to crack & fly (f4 ,wax 7:ite virg9 wax7 he _h 9 a t9 pot :i* he melt$ at ! fire :5 he propos$ to use x4 ,?is vehicle ,m>*i obs]v$ caus$ 8 colors to scale (f f ! canvas 9 flakes40 ,to m5tion ! sitt]s :o came to ,leice/] ,fields & ! company t ga!r$ !re e ev5+ :5 ,sir ,jo%ua 0 n d9+ out w\ld be to li/ ! entire society ( ,london 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 8,9 ^! days we are apt to =get t to _m ( ,sir ,jo%ua's contempor>ies1 ) ! /rict] notions ( social prec$5cy 9 vogue a c5tury ago10 ,sir ,walt] ,arm/rong notes1 8! pa9t]'s /ation 9 ,london society mu/ h seem$ almo/ an outrage1 especially z x _h be5 won )\t any k9d ( pret5ce or undue submission to ^? :o 7 !n call$ ! great4 ,fond z he 0 ( ! be/ t ,society c\ld give1 he liv$ 8 life 9 8 own way1 invit$ :om he *ose to 8 table1 leav+ 8 gue/s to %ake d[n among !mselves z be/ !y c\ld1 &1 s f> z we c discov]1 pay+ little he$ to prejudices on ! matt] ( bir?1 & /ill less to ^? :i* _h to d ) politics or conv5tional morality40 ,"l ,ronald ,su!rl& ,g[] has made ?is v int]e/+ comp>ison ( ,romney & ,reynolds3 8,! mighty ev5ts :i* 7 9 progress ar\nd him--! w> ) ! ,am]ican ,colonies1 & ! sup]v5+ naval w> ) ,france & ,spa9--ran _! c\rse )\t p]sonally affect+ him1 :]eas ,reynolds 0 9 con/ant t\* ) ! m5 :o 7 mo/ vigor\sly oppos+ ,"l ,nor?'s policy1 ) ,burke & ,*>les ,fox2 & x 0 8 own intimate fri5d ( ne>ly ?irty ye>s /&+1 ,admiral ,keppel1 ^: trial 9 ?is v ye> #aggh1 =m$ ! c5tral battle-gr\nd betwe5 ! ,c\rt & ! popul> p>ty4 ,9 all ^! ?+s ,reynolds 0 intimately conc]n$1 z he 0 9 ! light] ev5ts ( social life1 ) 8 con/ant d9n]-p>ties at ,leice/] ,fields1 8 /ill m con/ant att5dance at ! tables ( ! great & ! assemblies ( ,mrs4 ,montagu & ,mrs4 ,ord1 8 out+s to ,/rea?am1 & 8 mild flirtation ) #8,little ,burney4' ,b ,romney liv$ remote1 z remote 9 8 %yness & isolation z ,ga9sbor\gh liv$ 9 8 fondness = a ,bohemian _w--! _w ( arti/s t pa9t$ & play$ & left w> to ! soldi]s & politics to ! politician4 ,x is true t a c\ple ( ye>s aft]w>ds politics 7 br\ght pretty closely home to bo? ( !m1 z !y 71 nol5tibus vol5tibus1 to all ! h\sehold]s 9 ,london4 ,! ,keppel riots 9 #aggh1 celebrat+ ! acquittal ( ! popul> ,admiral1 7 fe/ive & pleasant en\gh2 noblem5 & g5tlem5 w5t out ) ! cr[d2 "y ,pitt1 x is said1 help$ to break ,"l ,nor?'s w9d[s2 & "y ,rog]s1 ! bank]-poet1 to unh+e ! gates ( ! ,admiralty4 ,?is 0 v well & v pleasant2 b two ye>s lat] ! mob improv$ ^u _! lesson1 & 9 ! ,"l ,george ,gordon ,riots ,london 0 ablaze40 ,,! ,,/rawb]ry ,,girl4 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds 7#agbc-agib74 ,collection ( ,mrs4 ,francis ,f4 ,pr5tiss4 ,james ,nor?cote 9 8 ,life ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds notes3 8,! picture ( a little ,/rawb]ry ,girl 0 pa9t$ ab\t ?is "t 7#agge87 & he consid]$ x "o ( 8 be/ works1 obs]v+ t no man ev] c\ld produce m ?an ab\t half a doz5 really orig9al works 9 8 life2 8& ?is picture10 he add$1 8is "o ( m9e40 ,?is little girl is ab\t ?ree ye>s old & is %[n at ?ree-qu>t] l5g? ) a h&k]*ief fold$ ar\nd h] head aft] ! fa%ion ( a turban1 ! curls escap+ f h] =ehead4 ,%e we>s a lightcolor$ dress ) a p9a=e caught ov] h] arm4 ,at h] neck is a ribbon b[4 ,h] h&s are demurely fold$ at ! wai/ & ov] h] "r arm hangs a cone-%ap$ /rawb]ry 8pottle40 ,! backgr\nd is compos$ ( l>ge rocks & trees at ! "r4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mrs4 ,francis ,f4 ,pr5tiss ,,! ,,/rawb]ry ,,girl --,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds ,! picture is pa9t$ 9 oils on canvas 7#bi #bd in*es7 & is a replica ( ! orig9al 9 ! ,wallace ,collection1 ,london4 ,leslie & ,taylor voic$ s well ! impression t e "o has :5 look+ at ?is fasc9at+ "w t :at !y said be>s quot+3 8,! ,/rawb]ry ,girl ) h] pottle on h] arm1 creep+ timidly along & glanc+ r\nd h] ) l>ge1 black eyes1 might be ,little ,r$ ,rid+ ,hood he>+ ! fir/ ru/le ( ! wolf 9 ! wayside bu%es1 c\ld we sub/itute a r$ hood = ! odd turban-l head-dress ) :i* ! pa9t] has cr[n$ 8 little maid51 & :i* ev5 ,sir ,jo%ua's ta/e c b>ely make becom+1 & hang on h] arm ! basket ( butt] & eggs = h] sick gr&mo!r in/ead ( ! /rawb]ry pottle :i* gives h] a "n40 ,! model = ,! ,/rawb]ry ,girl 0 ,miss ,!ophila ,palm]1 ,sir ,jo%ua's favorite niece1 :o liv$ ) him & look$ aft] him until h] m>riage4 ,h] "n ,!ophila 0 divid$ into two pet names4 8,!0 & 8,(fie10 ^u :i* ,sir ,jo%ua once wrote a playful-v]se3 ,:5 ,i'm dr9k+ my tea1 ,i am ?9k+ ( ,!1 ,:5 ,i'm dr9k+ my c(fee1 ,i'm ?9k+ ( ,(fie1 ,s1 :e!r ,i'm dr9k+ my tea or my c(fee1 ,i always am ?9k+ ( !e1 my ,!-,(fie4 ,9 ! ,f>+ton ,di>y 7,vol4 ,,iv71 by ,joseph ,f>+ton 7,london1 #aibd71 we also le>n t ,miss ,!ophila ,palm] 0 ! 8,my de> ,(fy0 ( ,sir ,jo%ua's lett]1 dat$ ,jan4 #cj1 #agha1 9 :i* he wi%$ t %e & ,mr4 ,rob]t ,lovell ,gwatk9 ( ,kellr[1 ,truro1 ,cornwall1 h] future husb&1 8may be z happy z bo? des]ve--& y w be ! happie/ c\ple 9 ,engl&4 ,s ,god ,bless y60 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton ,,diana1 ,,visc\ntess ,,crosbie --,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds ,fanny ,burney1 9 a description ( a reception at ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds's h\se 9 ,leice/] ,squ>e1 ref]s to "y ,gwatk91 ! ,corni% ,squire1 8mak+ %eep's eyes at ,(fy1 ^: uncle1 ,sir ,jo%ua 0 v fond ( h]40 8,i nev] 010 he wrote to ,(fy1 8a great fri5d to ! efficacy ( precept1 nor a great pr(essor ( love & affection1 &1 !re=e1 ,i h nev] told y h[ mu* ,i lov$ y = fe> y %\ld gr[ saucy ^u x40 ,! well-kn[n picture ( ,simplicity is ( ,!ophila ,gwatk91 daught] ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,rob]t ,l4 ,gwatk9 & ?is little girl 0 also kn[n affectionately z ,!4 ,,diana1 ,,visc\ntess ,,crosbie4 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds 7#agbc-agib74 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton4 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds pron\nc$ ! ,/rawb]ry ,girl "o ( 8 mo/ orig9al creations4 ,! portrait ( ,diana ,lady ,crosbie c]ta9ly ranks z ano!r4 ,all critics are unit$ 9 consid]+ x "o ( ! f9e/ productions ( ! ma/]'s bru%4 ,:o b ,sir ,jo%ua w\ld ev] h ?\ght ( su* a pose8 ,! ,honorable ,miss ,diana ,sackville1 daught] ( ,"l ,george ,sackville1 ag$ tw5ty-"o1 0 engag$ to be m>ri$ to ,visc\nt ,crosbie 7son & heir ( ! fir/ ,e>l ( ,gl&ore7 & 0 visit+ 8 seat1 ,ardf]t ,abbey1 ,k]ry1 ,irel&4 ,"l ,crosbie s5t = ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds to come & pa9t ! portrait ( ,lady ,diana2 & ! /ory goes t soon aft] arriv+ ,sir ,jo%ua caught sight ( ,lady ,diana runn+ across ! lawn4 ,he 0 s fasc9at$ by h] lightness & grace t he begg$ p]mission to pa9t h] z he _h fir/ se5 h]4 ,consequ5tly1 we h ,lady ,diana surpris$ 9 ! act1 z x 71 ( tripp+ ov] ! p>k1 hold+ up h] dress ) h] "r h& & ext5d+ h] left 9 graceful attitude4 ,! dress is :ite silk1 b\nd at ! wai/ by a gold sa%1 & b5ea? ! folds ( ! dress1 s exquisitely pa9t$1 ! tip ( a small slipp] is se54 ,! picture 0 pa9t$ 9 ,septemb]1 #aggg1 & two mon?s lat] ,lady ,diana 0 m>ri$ to ,"l ,crosbie4 ,9 #agha1 :5 h] husb& succe$$ to ! title1 ,lady ,crosbie became1 ( c\rse1 ,c\ntess ( ,gl&ore4 ,%e di$ 9 #ahad4 ,= pa9t+ ?is portrait ,sir ,jo%ua receiv$ #gh4ae4 ,! picture1 oils on canvas 7#ic #eh in*es71 left ! ,crosbie home only )9 rec5t ye>s to occupy a place ( honor 9 ,sir ,*>les ,t5nant's draw+-room 9 ,london4 ,f ! ,t5nant ,collection x w5t directly to ,cali=nia4 ,! picture has be5 engrav$ sev]al times & ! be/ kn[n engrav+s are by ,w4 ,dick9son 7#aggi72 ,james ,scott 7#ahfc72 & ,r4 ,s4 ,cl\/on 7#ahij72 & 8pro(s be=e lett]s0 ( ^! plates br+ v high prices 9 ! auction-rooms4 8,"h is a miracle ( vivacity10 says ,spielmann1 8s natural1 s alive1 t y almo/ =get t y are 9 front ( a picture z y look at ?is lady :o moves across ! canvas ) out/ret*$ h& to greet y z y approa*4 ,r>ely h animation & movem5t be5 s completely realiz$ on canvas4 ,! design is f9ely su/a9$ by ! mell[1 gold5 tone ( ! :ite dress & ! tell+ note ( ! gold5 sc>f1 all se5 aga9/ a conv9c+ l&scape t seems entirely novel 9 ,reynolds's op5-air portraits40 ,,mrs4 ,,siddons ,,z ,,! ,,tragic ,,muse4 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds 7#agbc-agib74 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton4 ,?is gorge\s portrait1 oils on canvas 7#ic #ef in*es71 0 pa9t$ 9 #aghe1 :5 ! fam\s actress 0 tw5ty-eight1 9 ! full bloom ( h] beauty & fruition ( h] tal5ts2 & x is rightly describ$ by ,mrs4 ,jameson z 8! apo!osis ( h] g5ius & beauty40 ,x is pa9t$ 9 ! 8gr& /yle0 ) ri* color+ ( amb] & purple1 ! ,tragic ,muse seat$ on a ?rone among ! cl\ds ) h] head lift$ z if li/5+ to "s inspir+ voices & h] h& rais$ z if to comm& sil5ce4 ,a coronet ( pe>ls adorns h] hair1 & heavy ropes ( pe>ls are w\nd ar\nd h] neck & are knott$ loosely 9 front4 ,ov] h] lap is ?r[n a drap]y1 on ! hem ( :i* ,sir ,jo%ua pa9t$ 8 "n4 ,! poetic & dramatic conception ( ! picture %[ h[ mu* ,sir ,jo%ua admir$ ,mi*elangelo's ,prophets & ,sibyls 9 ! ,si/9e ,*apel4 ,9 ?is magnific5t "w ,sir ,jo%ua c]ta9ly realiz$ 8 !ories reg>d+ ! 8gr& /yle0 z express$ 9 8 ,f\r? ,disc\rse to 8 pupils3 8,to give a g5]al air ( gr&eur at fir/ view all trifl+ or artificial play ( little lights1 or an att5tion to a v>iety ( t9ts1 is to be avoid$2 a quietness & simplicity mu/ reign ov] ! :ole "w2 to :i* a bread? ( uni=m & simple color w v mu* contribute40 ,9 ! !atrical annals ( ,engl& ! ,kemble family rank ) ! lat] ,trees & ,t]rys2 & ,mrs4 ,siddons 0 a ,kemble4 ,s>ah ,siddons1 ! elde/ daught] ( ,rog] ,kemble1 actor & !atrical manag]1 0 born 9 #agee 9 ,brecon1 ,wales1 :]e h] fa!r 0 manag+ a tr\pe ( play]s4 ,%e 0 ! si/] ( ,*>les ,kemble1 ! fam\s com$ian & manag] ( ! ,cov5t ,g>d5 ,!atre1 & aunt ( ,fanny ,kemble1 ! not$ actress4 ,at an e>ly age1 ,s>ah play$ small p>ts 9 h] fa!r's company & :5 %e 0 eighte5 0 m>ri$ to a "y actor nam$ ,siddons1 also 9 ! ,kemble company4 ,soon aft]w>d ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,siddons appe>$ 9 ,! ,cl&e/9e ,m>riage 9 ! prov9ces4 ,s>ah ,siddons soon attract$ ,g>rick's att5tion & he gave h] an engagem5t at ,drury ,lane2 b %e 0 n a success4 ,%e !n w5t to ,ba?1 :]e %e became a favorite & e/abli%$ h] reputation4 ,9 #aghc %e reappe>$ at ,drury ,lane & ?is "t %e took ,london by /orm4 ,!n %e w5t to ,dubl91 :]e m triumphs add$ to h] confid5ce z well z to h] fame2 &1 :5 %e return$ to ,london1 x 0 to ,cov5t ,g>d51 :]e h] bro!r1 ,john ,philip ,kemble1 0 manag]4 ,mrs4 ,siddons %one especially 9 trag$y & a*iev$1 p]haps1 h] greate/ success z ,lady ,macbe?4 ,:5 ,byron saw h] 9 ?is rle he wrote3 8,x 0 some?+ transc5d+ nature2 "o w\ld say t a be+ ( a sup]ior ord] _h desc5d$ f a high sph]e to inspire fe> & admiration at ! same "t40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton ,,mrs4 ,,siddons ,,z ,,! ,,tragic ,,muse --,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds ,mrs4 ,siddons's great p>ts 7 ,lady ,macbe?1 ,portia1 ,con/ance1 ,isabella1 ,jane ,%ore1 ,almeira1 ,lady ,ann1 ,cali/a1 ,belv$]a1 & ,mrs4 ,bev]ly4 ,9 #ahab %e retir$ f ! /age ) a l>ge =tune & di$ 9 #ahca4 ,?omas ,campbell wrote h] life 9 #ahcd4 ,all ! portrait-pa9t]s ( ! day _h ,mrs4 ,siddons sit to !m4 ,! mo/ fam\s pictures1 h[ev]1 7 ,reynolds's ,tragic ,muse2 ,ga9sbor\gh's beautiful "o 9 an aft]noon co/ume ( light blue1 /rip$ silk1 black hat1 yell[ sc>f & muff1 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london2 & two by ,lawr5ce1 also 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 8,x 0 probably aft] 8 return f 8 t\r ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries t ,mrs4 ,siddons1 n[ 9 ! v flu% ( h] popul>ity1 sat to him4 ,%e _h n yet act$ 9 ,%akespe>e1 unless h] fir/ appe>ance z ,isabella 7,measure = ,measure7 & z ,con/ance 7,k+ ,john7 ) h] bro!r1 ,john ,kemble 7= :om h] success _h procur$ a lead+ engagem5t at ,drury ,lane71 prec$$ h] fir/ sitt+s1 :i* is possible1 ?\gh n probable4 ,h] fame has be5 won 9 su* p>ts z ,isabella 79 ,! ,m\rn+ ,bride71 ,euphrasia 79 ,! ,grecian ,daught]71 ,jane ,%ore1 ,cali/a1 ,belv$]a1 ,z>a1 & ,mrs4 ,bev]ly4 ,! ,royal ,family1 little z !y lov$ trag$y1 _h already di/+ui%$ h] by e m>k ( favor4 ,h] h\se 0 besieg$ by ! noble & fa%ionable4 ,! manag]s ( ,drury ,lane _h gladly supplem5t$ h] mode/ sal>y ( t5 p\nds a week by a d\ble b5efit2 & 9 ,june %e _h left ,london--aft] a s]ies ( successes :i* almo/ eclips$ ! /ill rec5t fame ( ,g>rick--= ,irel& & a %ort r\nd ( prov9cial p]=mances4 ,mr4 ,russell1 au?or ( ! ,hi/ory ( ,mod]n ,europe1 _h sung h] praises "u ! title ( ,! ,tragic ,muse1 be=e %e left ,london4 ,8 v]ses are =gott51 b !y may h sugge/$ to ,reynolds ! subject ( 8 picture4 ,x c\ld n h be5 prompt$1 z ,boad5 imag9es1 by an allusion 9 ! epilogue to ,tancr$ & ,sigismunda1 z h] fir/ appe>ance 9 t trag$y 0 on ! #bd? ( ,april1 #aghd1 :5 ! picture 0 already 9 its place on ! walls ( ! ,exhibition-,room4 ,! conception ( ?is noble "w 0 no d\bt sugge/$ by ,mi*elangelo's ,isaiah4 ,mrs4 ,siddons told ,mr4 ,phillips t x 0 ! production ( pure accid5t4 ,sir ,jo%ua _h begun ! head & figure 9 a diff]5t view2 b :ile he 0 occupi$ 9 ! prep>ation ( "s color %e *ang$ h] position to look at a picture hang+ on ! wall ( ! room4 ,:5 he aga9 look$ at h] & saw ! action %e _h assum$1 he reque/$ h] n to move2 & ?us arose ! beautiful & expressive figure we n[ see 9 ! picture40#bd ,yet !re is /ill ano!r /ory1 :i* is told by ,mrs4 ,jameson4 ,mrs4 ,siddons us$ to describe ,sir ,jo%ua z tak+ h] by ! h& & lead+ h] up to 8 plat=m ) ! words3 8,asc5d y\r undisput$ ?rone2 be/[ on me "s idea ( ! ,tragic ,muse40 ,on :i*1 ,mrs4 ,siddons said3 8,i walk$ up ! /eps & in/antly seat$ myself 9 ! attitude 9 :i* ! ,tragic ,muse n[ appe>s40 ,x is mo/ likely t bo? /ories are true4 ,sir ,jo%ua's lead+ ! ,que5 ( ! ,london ,/age to h] ?rone on 8 pa9t+-plat=m ) 8 c\rtly complim5t 0 ?or\ghly 9 "* & t he also enc\rag$ ,! ,tragic ,muse to act h] "p & create expression z well z take a dramatic pose1 is also mo/ 9 keep+ ) ! excit+ mom5t4 ,sir ,jo%ua und\bt$ly =esaw t he _h ! opportunity ( produc+ 8 greate/ ma/]piece4 ,mrs4 ,siddons also relat$ t :5 ,sir ,jo%ua 0 putt+ ! la/ t\*es to ! "w he said3 8,i _c resi/ ! opportunity = go+ d[n to po/]ity on ! edge ( y\r g>m5t10 ^u :i* he pa9t$ 8 "n & ! date #aghd on ! hem ( ! robe4 ,h[ev]1 ,sir ,jo%ua _h already done ?is t5 ye>s be=e 9 ! portrait ( ,lady ,cockburn & h] ,*ildr51 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london1 :]e ! "n & date make a decorative f9i% to ,lady ,cockburn's amb]-color$ robe trimm$ ) :ite fur ?r[n across h] lap & t fam\s picture 0 begun 9 #aggc & f9i%$ 9 #agge4 ,! ,tragic ,muse 0 greatly admir$ :5 x fir/ appe>$4 ,! ,public ,adv]tis]1 ,april #bh1 #aghd1 said3 8,x is impossible to be too lavi% 9 its praise2 x is1 inde$1 a mo/ sublime & ma/]ly p]=mance & und\bt$ly "o ( ! v be/ t ev] 0 produc$ by ,sir ,jo%ua4 ,he seems to h conceiv$ & execut$ x ) en?usiasm4 ,mrs4 ,siddons is drawn 9 ! "* ( ,! ,tragic ,muse1 ! composition is 9 a gr& /yle1 ! figure possesses great dignity1 & t f9e expression ( c\nt5ance = :i* ! orig9al is prem95t & almo/ unrivall$4 ,sir ,jo%ua has be5 said to pa9t ! m9d2 & p]haps !re nev] 0 a m /rik+ in/ance ( x ?an 9 ?is p]=mance4 ,! accompany+ g5ii ready to adm9i/] ! dagg] or ! b[l h also great expression1 & 9 ! effect ( ! t\t ensemble !re is a gr&eur & a solemnity suit$ to ! subject & highly wor?y ( univ]sal admiration40 ,x is illum9at+1 too1 to dip into ! ,f>+ton ,di>y 7,london1 #aibe71 & note 9 #ahja3 8,opie ?9ks ! ,mrs4 ,siddons by ,sir ,jo%ua ! f9e/ picture he kn[s4 ,opie ?9ks ! picture ( ,mrs4 ,siddons mu* sup]ior to any ( ! ,titians :i* 7 br\ght by ,day f ,rome4 8,b\rgeois m5tion$ t ,sir ,jo%ua _h said ! pr9ciple to "w ^u is to fix a high light & a l[e/ dep? to :i* all o!r lights & d>k p>ts %\ld be subord9ate40 ,9 #ahjh we read3 8,lawr5ce spoke ) ! highe/ admiration ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds's portrait ( ,"l ,hea?field n[ at ! ,european ,museum1 hav+ be5 s5t !re by ,boydell to be sold = #cej gu9eas4 ,he said ?is picture & ! portrait ( ,mrs4 ,siddons by ,sir ,jo%ua are ! top ( 8 ,art40 ,& aga9 9 ! same ye>3 8,we look$ at ! picture ( ,mrs4 ,siddons by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds4 ,lawr5ce said1 x 0 8 be/ picture4 ,i said1 x 0 a high ref9em5t ( ,rembr&t4 ,mr4 ,smi?#be said he gave #cbj = x1 :i* 0 n half :at ,calonne paid4 ,x co/ ! latt] #hjj40 ,on ! au?ority ( ,"l ,ronald ,su!rl& ,g[] 9 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds 7,london1 #aijb71 we le>n3 8,!re is ano!r v]sion ( ,! ,tragic ,muse 9 ! ,dulwi* ,gall]y4 ,?is 0 sold by ,reynolds to ,m4 ,des5fans = sev5 hundr$ gu9eas 9 #agij & ! date on ! hem ( h] g>m5t is #aghi1 f :i* x appe>s t he complet$ ?is five ye>s aft] ! ,grosv5or ,h\se picture4 ,bo? ( ^! may be reg>d$ z ! au!ntic "w ( ! ma/]4 ,!re is a replica also ( ,! ,tragic ,muse at ,langley ,p>k1 ne> ,/[e1 :i* is said to h be5 giv5 by ,reynolds to ,mr4 ,h>vey 9 ex*ange = a pa9t+ by ,snyd]s ( a ,bo> ,hunt2 & ano!r 0 9 ! possession ( ,mrs4 ,combe 9 ,ed9burgh4 ,i ?9k !re is no d\bt t ^! replicas are by ! h&s ( ,reynolds's assi/ants40 ,mrs4 ,siddons 9 ! ,dulwi* ,gall]y 7canvas #ic #eg in*es7 describ$ z foll[s3 8,%e sits on a ?rone 9 front view & looks up t[>ds ! "r2 ! "r arm & ! left elb[ re/ on ! ?rone2 ) ! h& rais$ z if li/5+ to "s inspir+ voice2 a coronet on ! back ( h] hair2 we>+ an amb] br[n dress1 ) r[s ( pe>ls r\nd h] neck2 across h] lap is a robe1 on ! hem ( :i* ,sir ,jo%ua has inscrib$ 8 "n4 ,paid =1 ,febru>y #agij1 ,mrs4 ,siddons1 sold to ,mr4 ,des5fans #gce40 ,! picture 0 pur*as$ f ,sir ,jo%ua 9 #agij by ,noel ,des5fans & by him bequea!d to ,sir ,francis ,b\rgeois1 ,r4 ,a41 by :om x 0 left to ,dulwi* ,college4 ,x hangs 9 ! picture gall]y !re4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ! date on ! hem ( ! robe is #aghi--;five ye>s aft] ! ,duke ( ,we/m9/]'s picture6 ,"s critics ?9k t ,sir ,jo%ua also pa9t$ ?is replica himself4 ,leslie & ,taylor m5tion 9 _! ,life ( ,reynolds t !y fail$ to f9d any note relative to ,score's mak+ a copy ( ,! ,tragic ,muse2 b !y draw att5tion1 on ! contr>y1 to ! foll[+ extract f ,nor?cote's ,life ( ,reynolds3 8,! picture ( a little ,/rawb]ry ,girl ) a k9d ( turban on h] head 0 pa9t$ ab\t ?is "t 7#aggb7 & he consid]$ x "o ( 8 be/ works1 obs]v+ t no man ev] c\ld produce m ?an ab\t half a doz5 really orig9al works 9 8 life2 #8& ?is picture1' he add$1 #8is "o ( !m4' ,! picture 0 exhibit$ 7#aggc7 & repeat$ sev]al times2 n s mu* = ! sake ( pr(it z = t ( improvem5t1 = he always advis$ z a good mode ( /udy1 t a pa9t] %\ld h two pictures 9 h& ( precisely ! same subject & design & %\ld "w on !m alt]nately2 by :i* means1 if *ance produc$ a lucky hit1 z x (t5 does1 !n in/ead ( work+ on ! same piece1 & by t means de/roy t beauty :i* *ance _h giv51 he %\ld g to ! o!r & improve ^u t4 ,!n return aga9 to ! fir/ picture1 :i* he might "w ^u )\t any fe> ( oblit]at+ ! excell5ce :i* *ance _h giv5 x1 hav+ transpos$ x to ! o!r4 ,?us 8 desire ( excell5ce enabl$ him to combat ) e sort ( difficulty or labor4 8,! compil]s' !ory1 !n1 is3 aft] ! sket* ( ,mrs4 ,siddons's portrait 0 laid 91 he took up a fre% canvas1 made a replica & work$ on bo? alt]nately until #8! lucky hit' 0 produc$ & t appe>$ to ,sir ,jo%ua 9 ! picture f9i%$ & exhibit$ 9 ! ,royal ,academy1 #aghd4 ,not)/&+ ! gl[+ eulogiums pass$ ^u x1 a pur*as] 0 n f\nd = x until #aghh1 :5 x 0 sold to ,m4 de ,calonne4 ,sir ,jo%ua did n record ! sale 9 8 l$g]1 or note-book1 & x only transpir$ :5 ,sk9n] & ,dyke sold at _! rooms1 ,spr+ ,g>d5s1 #agie1 ! ,engli% pictures ( ! ,calonne ,collection & specifi$ 9 ! ,catalogue t ,m4 de ,calonne paid ,sir ,jo%ua #hjj gu9eas = ! portrait ( ,mrs4 ,siddons 9 ! "* ( ! ,tragic ,muse4 8,at ?is "t ,m4 ,des5fans 0 ,consul-g5]al 9 ,great ,brita9 = ! ,k+dom ( ,pol&1 a writ] ( m>k$ ability1 a recogniz$ au?ority on art1 an ext5sive picture-deal]1 employ$ by ! ,k+ ( ,pol& to pur*ase high-class ,old ,ma/]s to complete 8 ,collection & :o kept up an acqua9tance ) ,sir ,jo%ua1 not)/&+ ! trick he play$ ( sell+ him1 ?r\gh ,cribb1 8 frame-mak]1 ! copy ( a ,claude1 specially made by ,m>*i = ! purpose z an orig9al4 ,! compil]'s surmise is1 !n1 t he knew ,sir ,jo%ua _h ! unf9i%$ replica on h&1 & came to an und]/&+ ) him to complete x 9 its pres5t =m1 #8sign$ & dat$ #aghi on ! edge ( ! robe4' ,?is inve/igation leads to ?ree inf]5ces2 fir/1 t ,sir ,jo%ua w\ld n condesc5d1 = any consid]ation1 to sign & date a copy ( ,! ,tragic ,muse made by ,score2 secondly1 t an a/ute man ( bus9ess1 su* z ,desanfans 01 w\ld n give #gce = a copy2 ?irdly1 t ,! ,dulwi* picture mu/ n[ be reg>d$ 9 ! same light z ! ,we/m9/] "o--bo? f ! h& ( ,reynolds2 b :i* 0 fir/ comm5c$ _c be asc]ta9$40 ,,georgiana1 ,,du*ess ,,( ,,devon%ire4 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds 7#agbc-agib74 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton4 ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ?is picture by ,sir ,jo%ua ) ,ga9sbor\gh's ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire 7see page #cgc71 :i* is probably ! e>li] ( ! two4 ,?is picture1 oils on canvas 7#id #eg in*es71 0 exhibit$ at ! ,royal ,academy 9 #aggf z ,no4 #bcc4 ,! ,du*ess _h n long be5 m>ri$ :5 ?is picture 0 pa9t$1 z h] m>riage took place 9 #aggd4 ,!re is some?+ 9 ! pose t sugge/s ! portrait ( ,diana1 ,lady ,crosbie1 :i* 0 pa9t$ lat]4 ,! ,du*ess is repres5t$ full-l5g? fac+ ! left1 9 ! act ( desc5d+ a flight ( /one /eps1 h] "r h& plac$ on ! balu/rade & h] left hold+ h] dress v gracefully4 ,! dress is cream-color$ cut l[ 9 ! neck & fa%ion$ ) full sleeves4 ,! skirt is gracefully cut & ab\nds 9 plaits & drap]ies4 ,a gauzy sc>f is w\nd ar\nd h] "r arm & floats bel[4 ,! hair is dress$ v fa%ionably ) a long & r\nd curl p9n$ tightly at ! back ( ! neck & rea*+ ! %\ld]1 & above ! braid :i* =ms a coronal ! hair m\nts high] & is ornam5t$ by pe>ls & grey & r$ fea!rs4 ,v9es are gr[+ gracefully ar\nd ! balu/rade1 beyond :i* & ?r\gh ! ne>-by trees we see an op5 vi/a ( ! p>k ) a /atue at ! left4 ,presumably ?is is ,*atswor?1 ! seat ( ! ,duke ( ,devon%ire4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton ,,georgiana1 ,,du*ess ,,( ,,devon%ire --,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds ,! picture 0 9 ! ,collection ( ,e>l ,sp5c]1 ,k4 ,g41 at ,al?orp1 ,nott+ham%ire1 be=e x 0 tak5 to ,cali=nia4 ,,! ,,cottage ,,door4 ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh 7#agbg-aghh74 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton4 ,! little gr\p is assembl$ 9 front ( a ?at*$ cottage1 beside :i* a gn>l$ & )]$ tree rises sc>r$ & se>$ by ! /orms ( _m ye>s4 ,ov]hang+ ! ro( a l>ge tree droops its fea!ry ,ga9sbor\gh foliage &1 on ! left1 half ( ano!r fea!ry ,ga9sbor\gh tree is wav+ 9 ! summ] breeze4 ,by ?is tree1 & f>!r back z well1 a /ream is se5 fall+ 9 a little cascade b5ea? a ru/ic bridge4 ,luxuriant we$s gr[ 9 ! =egr\nd & by ! side ( ! cottage1 ! door ( :i* is op5 & beside :i* a peasant's family is gr\p$4 ,! "m1 9 yell[i% br[n skirt & :ite bodice1 has a sugge/ion 7save = ! co/ume7 ( ! beautiful ladies t sat to ,ga9sbor\gh4 ,9 h] arms is a baby4 ,on h] "r1 is a little boy1 scantily dress$1 :o is eat+ some?+2 9 front ( h] are two *ildr51 "o hold+ a b[l & ! o!r dipp+ f x ) a spoon2 a fif? *ild1 ) "o h& on 8 head & ! f+] ( 8 left h& 9 8 m\?1 looks =w>d %yly2 & ! six? is seat$ on ! gr\nd by 8 side4 8,old pimply-nos$ ,rembr&t10 z ,ga9sbor\gh call$ him1 nev] light$ a sc5e m beautifully1 nor m m>vell\sly ?an ?is4 ,! picture1 oils on canvas 7#eg #df in*es71 is "o ( ,ga9sbor\gh's mo/ mature works & dates f ab\t #aggf-aggh4 ,b\ght by ,t4 ,h>vey ( ,catton1 ,norfolk1 9 #aghf1 x pass$ to ,mr4 ,copp9 ( ,norwi* 9 #ahjg4 ,!n x became ! prop]ty ( ,sir ,john ,leice/]1 ,b>t41 creat$ ,"l de ,tabley 9 #ahbf2 & at ! ,sale ( ! effects ( ! latt] x 0 b\ght by ,e>l ,grosv5or1 creat$ ,m>quess ( ,we/m9/] 9 #ahca4 ,9 #aiba ,! ,cottage ,door 0 sold by ! second ,duke ( ,we/m9/] to ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton4 8,!re is no pa9t] ( ,engli% bir? m widely appreciat$ ?an ,ga9sbor\gh ^: art t\*es e obs]v]1 great & simple1 le>n$ & unle>n$4 ,z we look at 8 pictures1 said ,con/able1 we f9d te>s 9 our eyes & "k n :at br+s !m4 ,a ?read ( romance runs ?r\gh ! :ole ( ,ga9sbor\gh's c>e]1 f 8 m>riage to a beautiful & well-d[]$ bride1 ^: orig9 is %r\d$ 9 my/]y1 d[n to ! pa!tic t]m9ation ( ! long ye>s ( jeal\s rivalry ) ,reynolds4 ,& romance & my/]y are insep>ably connect$ ) 8 pictures--) ! portraits ( t ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire1 :om tradition has br\ght u to reg>d z typical ( ,engli% beauty1 ) t ma/]piece at ,ed9burgh1 ! portrait ( ,mrs4 ,graham1 hidd5 f sight = fifty ye>s on acc\nt ( "o ( ! t5d]e/ ( love /ories2 & ) ! fam\s ,blue ,boy1 ! secret ( ^: hi/ory /ill rema9s undiscov]$40#bf 8,old pimply-nos$ ,rembr&t & myself 7 bo? born 9 a mill10 ,ga9sbor\gh us$ to say1 because 8 fa!r1 ,john ,ga9sbor\gh1 0 a manufactur] ( wooll5s 9 ,sudbury4 ,?omas 0 born !re 9 #agbg4 ,at twelve he 0 said to be a 8confirm$ pa9t]40 ,8 fir/ portrait seems to h be5 a great success4 ,"s "o _h be5 /eal+ pe>s f ! ,ga9sbor\gh or*>d & "o day1 :5 "y ,?omas 0 sket*+ !re he saw a man's face pe]+ ov] ! f5ce4 ,in/antly he made a quick sket* & took x into ! h\se4 ,by means ( ?is sket* ! culprit 0 id5tifi$4 ,ga9sbor\gh !n enl>g$ ! sket*1 pa9t$ an oil portrait1 m\nt$ x on a bo>d1 & /uck 8,tom ,pe>tree0 up to ! delight ( all ! neighbors & confusion ( /rang]s4 ,?is picture 0 l5t to ! ,ga9sbor\gh ,exhibition held at ! ,grosv5or ,gall]y 9 #ahhe & is n[ 9 ! ,elizabe?an ,mansion 9 ,*ri/*ur* ,p>k1 ,ipswi*4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton ,,! ,,cottage ,,door --,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh ,9 #agda ,ga9sbor\gh w5t to ,london &1 aft] /udy+ "u ,hub]t ,gravelot & ,francis ,hayman1 took a /udio 9 ,hatton ,g>d5 & tri$ to />t z a portrait & l&scape-pa9t]4 ,a ye> ( failure decid$ ! "y arti/ to return home4 ,9 a %ort "t he m>ri$ ,m>g>et ,burr 7suppos$ to be a natural daught] ( ! ,duke ( ,b$=d7 & remov$ to ,ipswi*4 ,"h he pa9t$ *iefly l&scapes4 ,ab\t #agfj he settl$ 9 ,ba? & imm$iately became ! fa%ion4 ,f\rte5 ye>s lat] ,ga9sbor\gh remov$ to ,london1 :]e 8 success cont9u$ & he became ! rival ( ,reynolds4 ,ga9sbor\gh _h already 9 #agfh be5 nom9at$ by ,george ,,iii "o ( ! ?irty-six ,academicians on ! f\ndation ( ! ,academy & he exhibit$ almo/ ye>ly at ! ,royal ,academy f #agfi to #aghh1 :5 !re 0 a misund]/&+ ab\t ! hang+ ( 8 pictures4 ,ga9sbor\gh di$ 9 #aghh1 clos+ "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable c>e]s 9 art1 = ?is great pa9t] 0 almo/ entirely self-taught4 ,reynolds call$ att5tion to ?is rem>kable fact 9 8 ,f\rte5? ,disc\rse1 9 :i* he cites ,ga9sbor\gh z an example ( an arti/ :o has arriv$ 8at great fame )\t ! assi/ance ( an academical education1 or any ( ^? prep>atory /udies :i* h s (t5 be5 recomm5d$40 ,yet 8 g5ius 0 su* t he atta9$ ! greate/ em95ce 9 8 day & 8 place 9 art to-day is 9 ! small circle ( ! v great ones4 ,rusk9 did n exagg]ate 9 ! lea/ :5 he wrote3 8,ga9sbor\gh's p[] ( color is capable ( tak+ rank beside t ( ,rub5s2 he is ! pure/ colori/ ( ! ,engli% ,s*ool2 ) him1 9 fact1 ! art ( pa9t+ did 9 great "p die & exi/s n n[ 9 ,europe4 ,9 managem5t & quality ( s+le & p>ticul> t9t1 9 ! purely te*nical "p ( pa9t+1 ,turn] is a *ild to ,ga9sbor\gh4 ,8 h& is z light z ! sweep ( a cl\d1 z swift z ! fla% ( a sunbeam4 ,he nev] loses sight ( 8 picture z a :ole4 ,9 a ^w ,ga9sbor\gh is an immortal pa9t]40 ,ga9sbor\gh pa9t$ ab\t sev5 hundr$ portraits & two hundr$ l&scapes4 ,/range z x may seem1 he pref]r$ to pa9t l&scapes4 ,at lea/ he told ,george ,,iii ?is4 ,& he told 8 fri5d ,jackson 9 a lett] 8,i'm sick ( ,portraits & wi% v mu* to take my viol-da-gamba & walk (f to "s sweet village :]e ,i c pa9t l&skips & enjoy ! fag-end ( life 9 quietness & ease40 ,?is seems /range com+ f "o ( ! greate/ ( all portrait-pa9t]s4 ,to read ! li/ ( ,ga9sbor\gh's portraits is to run ?r\gh ! ,social ,regi/] ( ,london & ,ba?4 ,ga9sbor\gh pa9t$ 8ev]ybody t 0 anybody40 ,! great p]sonalities ( ! day want$ _! portraits 8limn$0 by bo? ,reynolds & ,ga9sbor\gh1 (t5 add+ ,romney & ,hoppn] z well4 ,! f\rte5 ye>s t he liv$ 9 ,ba? ,ga9sbor\gh's pa9t+-room 0 almo/ z mu* ( a r5dez-v\s z ! ,pump ,room & 8 sitt]s rang$ f ! mo/ ari/ocratic & weal?y1 su* z ,e>l ,sp5c]1 8 wife1 & little daught]1 ! future ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire1 to /atesm51 l ,pitt1 & actors l ,g>rick & ,qu94 ,! latt] sat ?ree times to ,ga9sbor\gh4 ,! foll[+ little piece ( amus+ act+ usually took place4 ,qu91 suff]+ f g\t1 w\ld hobble to ! pa9t+-room & tapp+ at ! door w\ld ask 8,is ,old ,grumpus 980 ,ga9sbor\gh w\ld reply 8,come 902 &1 plac+ a *air = 8 fri5d & a /ool to re/ 8 foot ^u1 w\ld put on a grave1 doctorial look &1 re/+ 8 *9 on 8 maul-/ick1 w\ld inquire 9 ! ,ba? phrase3 8,well1 h[ is toe80 ,qu9 evid5tly 0 a critic3 8,sometimes1 ,tom ,ga9sbor\gh10 he said1 8a picture 9 y\r rigm>ole /yle appe>s to my optics ! v]ie/ daub1--!n1 ! devil's 9 y1 ,i ?9k y a ,van ,dyck60 ,& ,ga9sbor\gh w\ld tell ,qu9 t 8no?+ c\ld equal ! devilism ( portrait-pa9t+40 8,inde$1 he told me10 ,angelo relates1 8at 8 h\se 9 ,pall ,mall1 t he 0 sure ! p]plexities ( r5d]+ some?+ l a human resemblance f human blocks 0 a trial ( pati5ce t w\ld h tempt$ holy ,/4 ,an?ony to cut 8 own ?roat ) 8 palette-knife40 ,ga9sbor\gh 0 devot$ to music1 play$ sev]al in/rum5ts & 0 a great fri5d ( ! oboe-play] 9 ! ,que5's ,b&1 ,john ,*ri/ian ,fis*]1 :o m>ri$ 8 daught] ,m>g>et2 ( ,john ,*ri/ian ,ba*1 son ( ! great ,john ,seba/ian ,ba*2 & ( ,ba*'s associate1 ,*>les ,fr$]ick ,abel1 ! celebrat$ virtuoso on ! viol-da-gamba1 ^: portrait ,ga9sbor\gh pa9t$ ) 8 in/rum5t by 8 side1 & :i* is n[ 9 ! ,hunt+ton ,gall]y4 ,ga9sbor\gh's portrait by ,z(fany 9 ! ,national ,portrait ,gall]y1 ,london1 pres5ts a h&some & r da%+ man ( ab\t ?irty-five ) classic features & l>ge1 f9e eyes ) p5etrat+ glance & an intellig5t1 int]ior light4 ,_h he n be5 a pa9t] he might h easily become a beau1 or a gallant (fic] ( ! ,major ,&r type1 or ( t impud5t "y dog1 ,jack ,absolute1 :o captivat$ ,miss ,lydia ,langui% 9 ,! ,rivals4 ,x 0 ! same 9 ,london z x _h be5 9 ,ba?4 ,ga9sbor\gh became ! fa%ion4 ,he b>ely _h "t to fill all ! ord]s t came ?ick & fa/ & he enjoy$ society & /ill m 8 cronies1 &1 to judge f num]\s anecdotes1 0 n av]se to wild companions2 b = all t he 0 g5]\s1 sympa!tic1 outgo+1 & mu* belov$ by 8 fri5ds4 ,z an in/ance ( 8 ready wit on "o occasion1 :5 he 0 9 c\rt reg>d+ a picture ! c\ncillor tri$ to emb>rass him4 8,i obs]ve10 he said1 8y lay great /ress on a pa9t]'s eye4 ,:at d y mean by t expression60 8,a pa9t]'s eye10 repli$ ,ga9sbor\gh1 )\t a mom5t's hesitation1 8is to him :at a lawy]'s tongue is to y60 ,ga9sbor\gh 0 sprightly1 humor\s1 & lively 9 conv]sation & inde$1 9 society1 to use ! ^w ( ! p]iod1 some?+ ( a 8rattle40 ,:5ev] he appe>$1 ei!r at a morn+ l\nge at ,*ri/ie's amid/ ! enlight5$ & polite1 or at ,my ,lady's midnight r\t surr\nd$ by b[+ beaux & curtsey+ belles1 8 gaiety enliv5$ e gr\p4 ,he knew ev]ybody & ev]ybody knew him2 he 01 h[ev]1 mo/ at home ) ! wor?ies ( ! auction-room4 ,= "s ye>s ,g>rick 0 frequ5tly 8 companion at ,*ri/ie's1 :]e ! amusem5t caus$ by ! humor common to bo? nev] fail$ to give an additional ze/ to ! proce$+s4 ,mr4 ,*ri/ie (t5 decl>$ t 8! pres5ce ( ?is *oice pair add$ fifte5 p] c5t to 8 commission on a sale40 ,& ?is 0 a 8*oice pair10--,g>rick & ,ga9sbor\gh6 8,we "k z little ab\t ,ga9sbor\gh's tools & me?ods ( pa9t+ z we d ( 8 pigm5ts1 b if 8 daught]'s memory may be tru/$1 h] fa!r work$ ) pa9t s ?9 & liquid t 8 palette ran ov] unless he kept x on ! level4 ,x is g5]ally agre$ t he us$ v long bru%es1 & ,nollek5s ,smi? :o saw him at "w1 says3 #8,i 0 mu* surpris$ to see him sometimes pa9t portraits ) p5cils on /icks full six feet 9 l5g? & 8 me?od ( us+ !m 0 ?is3 he plac$ himself & 8 canvas at a "r angle to ! sitt]1 s t he /ood /ill & t\*$ ! features ( 8 pictures exactly at ! same di/ance at :i* he view$ ! sitt]4' ,! anonym\s biograph] ( ! ,morn+ ,*ronicle :o knew ! pa9t] excuses 8 suppos$ want ( f9i% by say+ t he work$ ) a v long & broad bru%4 ,ano!r contempor>y1 ,john ,williams 7,pasqu971 9 a biographical note decl>es t ,ga9sbor\gh always prid$ himself ^u us+ long] & broad] tools ?an o!r m5 & ^u /&+ f>!r away f 8 canvas :5 at "w4 ,t he always /ood to pa9t we "k f ,?icknesse1 b x is obvi\s t all 8 "w c\ld n h be5 done ) broad tools ( hog-hair4 ,probably he us$ camel-hair bru%es sometimes1 z did ,ga9sbor\gh ,dupont1 :o inh]it$ 8 uncle's implem5ts & colors & 9 pa9t+ foll[$ 8 mann] exactly4 ,dupont left beh9d him1 9 addition to a great quantity ( hogtools1 #8twelve bundles ( camel's hair p5cils4' ,ful*] says t :5 ,ga9sbor\gh's sitt]s left him x 0 8 cu/om to close ! %utt]1 9 :i* 0 a small circul> ap]ture1 ! only access = light & by ?is subdu$ illum9ation "w on 8 picture & get rid ( sup]flu\s detail4 ,no au?ority is giv5 = ?is /atem5t1 b !re c be little d\bt t ,ga9sbor\gh lov$ to subdue ! light 9 8 pa9t+-room4 ,williams says t x 0 sometimes subdu$ to su* an ext5t t objects 7 b>ely visible40#bg ,& ,osias ,humphrey1 ,r4 ,a41 tells u a little m1 draw+ f 8 memories ( ,ba?1444 8,exact resemblances 9 8 portraits 0 ,mr4 ,ga9sbor\gh's con/ant aim1 to :i* he inv>iably adh]$4 ,^! pictures1 z well z 8 l&scapes1 7 frequ5tly wr\ght by c&le-light & g5]ally ) great =ce & lik5ess4 ,b 8 pa9t+-room--ev5 by day a k9d ( d>k5$ twilight--_h sc>cely any light & ,i h se5 him1 :il/ 8 subjects h be5 sitt+ to him :5 nei!r !y nor ! pictures 7 sc>cely disc]nible40 ,we also le>n t ,ga9sbor\gh let 9 m light :5 ! picture rea*$ its f9i%+ /ages4 ,,! ,,mall ,,9 ,,/4 ,,james',s ,,p>k4 ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh 7#agbg-aghh74 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clay ,frick4 ,horace ,walpole *>act]iz$ ?is delightful picture z airi] ?an a ,watteau & 8all 9 motion & flutt] l a lady's fan40 ,x is "o ( ,ga9sbor\gh's late/ works1 pa9t$ 9 #aghf1 & "o ( 8 ma/]pieces1 oils on canvas 7#eg #dg in*es74 ,! picture 0 among ^? 9 ! pa9t]'s /udio at ! "t ( 8 dea?4 ,aft] a few *anges ( own]%ip1 x pass$ into ! ,collection ( ,george ,fro/1 an arti/ & fell[-t[nsman ( ,ga9sbor\gh1 & !n to ,sir ,audley ,dallas ,neeld1 ,b>t41 ,grittleton ,h\se1 ne> ,*ipp5ham1 ,wilt%ire4 ,! ,mall is a p]fect epitome ( ,london society 9 ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury--! ,london ( ,au/9 ,dobson4 8,! ,mall f ! days ( ! ,/u>ts until ! clos+ ye>s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury 0 ! field ^u :i* fa%ion1 & fem99e fa%ion especially1 *ose to disport itself4 ,twice a day social ,london donn$ its be/ app>el & took a turn "u ! trees1 once at midday & aga91 9 summ]1 9 its ev5+ clo!s aft] ! e>ly d9n]4 ,"h fa%ion met its fri5ds1 ex*ang$ its rep>tees1 made appo9tm5ts = ev5+ r5dez-v\s at ,ranelagh or ,vauxhall1 ate fruit or b\ght fl[]s f ,betty's girl out ( ,/4 ,james's ,/reet1 or drank syllabubs f ! r$ c['s milk :i* 0 "o ( ! attractions ( ! ,london p>ks4 ,no?+ 9 ! ext]nal aspect ( ,london m /ruck ! intellig5t =eign] ?an ! am5ities ( ! prom5ade 9 ! ,mall4 ,"o ( ^! g5tlem5 conclud$ an eloqu5t pan on ! beauty ( ! lady prom5ad]s1 by record+ ) rapture t ( a morn+ ! v gr\nd gli/5$ ) ! p9s :i* !y _h dropp$4 ,! ,mall1 inde$1 0 ! v %r9e ( fl\nce & furbel[ until some:]e ab\t #agie1 :5 fa%ion unacc\ntably mov$ nor?w>d to ! walk 9 ! ,gre5 ,p>k at ! back ( ,arl+ton ,/reet1 & f !re lat] to ,hyde ,p>k & ,k5s+ton ,g>d5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! ,mr4 ,h5ry ,clay ,frick ,,! ,,mall --,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh 8,! v _s ( ?is life is pres]v$ 9 ,ga9sbor\gh's picture1 "o ( ! few canvases 9 :i* he repres5ts figures 9 motion2 s+ul> also among 8 "w is t x conta9s a score or s ( figures4 ,!re is a c5tral gr\p ( f\r ladies ) an att5dant cavali] advanc+ t[>ds ! spectator1 a pair on ! "r1 two pairs on ! left pass+ ea* o!r1 o!rs aga9 seat$ on ! "r4 ,! accid5tal episodic quality ( su* a subject is p]fectly convey$--! transi5t glance ( a pass+ woman1 ! turn ( ! neck appropriate to t attitude1 ! gr\nd dott$ ) an occasional dog4 ,te*nically x repres5ts ,ga9sbor\gh at 8 highe/1 :]e ! solemn tones ( 8 e>li] mann] h disappe>$1 & ! v pa9t+ itself seems to e*o 8 delight 9 ! ma/]y ( height5$1 lum9\s color40#bh ,,m>ia ,,walpole1 ,,du*ess ,,( ,,gl\ce/]4 ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh 7#agbg-aghh74 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,*>les ,p4 ,taft4 ,! subject ( ?is portrait 0 fam\s "u ?ree names3 h] maid5 "n ( ,m>ia ,walpole2 z ,lady ,waldegrave2 & z ! ,du*ess ( ,gl\ce/]4 ,%e 0 v beautiful 7no "o c\ld compete ) h] b ! ,gunn+ si/]s72 %e 0 v witty & brilliant2 &1 moreov]1 %e 0 not$ = h] ri* qualities ( he>t & "*4 ,h] uncle1 ,horace ,walpole1 0 devot$ to h]4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,*>les ,p4 ,taft ,,m>ia ,,walpole1 ,,du*ess ,,( ,,gl\ce/] --,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh ,m>ia ,walpole began life "u a cl\d1 b ?is 0 soon dispell$ & ! re/ 0 all sun%9e4 ,! ,hon4 ,edw>d ,walpole1 second son ( ,sir ,rob]t1 0 h] fa!r & h] "m 0 a mill9]'s appr5tice at ,ba?4 ,m>ia 0 baptiz$ ,july #aj1 #agch1 at ,/4 ,james's1 ,we/m9/]1 & 0 made legitimate by ,8 ,maje/y's w>rant4 ,recogniz$ z a ,walpole1 ev]y?+ 0 done = h]4 ,! old ,london ,t[n & ,c\ntry ,magaz9e gives u ?is v good idea ( h] prep>ation = life3 8,m>ia's education 0 suit$ to ! rank ( life 9 :i* %e has ev] figur$2 & ! advantages %e d]iv$ f x 7 entirely notic$ by e man ( ta/e & disc]nm5t :o 0 happy en\gh to be 9 h] company40 ,horace ,walpole br\ght ab\t h] fir/ m>riage to ! ,"r ,honorable ,james1 ,second ,e>l ( ,waldegrave1 ,k4 ,g41 9 #agei2 & he wrote to ,sir ,horace ,mann3 8,i h m>ri$1 t is1 ,i am m>ry+ my niece1 ,m>ia1 my bro!r's second daught]1 to ,"l ,waldegrave4 ,:at say y8 ,a mon? ago ,i 0 told he lik$ h]--does he8 ,i jumbl$ !m toge!r & he has already propos$4 ,= "* & cr$it he is ! fir/ mat* 9 ,engl&--= beauty ,i ?9k %e is4 ,%e has n a fault 9 h] face & p]son & ! detail is *>m+4 ,a w>m complexion t5d+ to br[n1 f9e eyes1 br[n hair1 f9e tee?1 & inf9ite wit & v>iety40 ,9 ano!r lett] ,sir ,horace wrote3 8,! second daught] ( my bro!r is beauty itself4 ,h] face1 bloom1 eyes1 hair1 tee?1 & p]son all are p]fect4 ,y may imag9e h[ *>m+ %e is :5 h] only fault1 if "o mu/ f9d "o1 is t h] face is r too r\nd4 ,%e has a great deal ( wit & vivacity ) p]fect mode/y40 ,to ,george ,montagu on ,may #af1 he wrote3 8,well6 ,m>ia 0 m>ri$ ye/]day4 ,don't we manage well8 ,! orig9al day 0 n once put (f2 lawy]s & mill9]s 7 all ready canonically4 ,x 0 z s5sible a w$d+ z ev] 04 ,!re 0 nei!r =m nor indec5cy1 bo? :i* g5]ally meet on su* occasions4 ,!y 7 m>ri$ at my bro!r's 9 ,pall ,mall j be=e d9n] by ,mr4 ,keppel2#bi ! company1 my bro!r1 8 son1 ,mrs4 ,keppel & ,*>lotte1#cj ,lady ,elizabe? ,keppel1 ,lady ,betty ,waldegrave & ,i4 ,we d9$ !re4 ,! ,e>l & new ,c\ntess got into ! po/-*aise at eight o'clock & w5t to ,nave/ock 7,"l ,waldegrave's seat ne> ,br5twood1 ,essex7 alone1 :]e !y /ay till ,saturday night2 on ,sunday %e is to be pres5t$4 ,m>ia 0 9 a :ite & silv] nightg[n#ca ) a hat v mu* pull$ ov] h] face2 :at "o c\ld see ( x 0 h&som] ?an ev]2 a cold maid5 blu% gave h] ! sweete/ delicacy 9 ! _w40 ,m>ia 0 a fri5d ( ! ,c\ntess ( ,cov5try1 :o _h atta9$ fame z ! beautiful ,m>ia ,gunn+ & us$ to walk ) h] 9 ! ,p>k & !y mu/ h be5 a v /rik+ pair1 = aft] ! ,c\ntess ( ,cov5try's dea?1 ,lady ,waldegrave 0 consid]$ ! h&some/ woman 9 ,engl&4 ,a mon? aft] ,m>ia's m>riage ,sir ,horace not$ 9 a lett]3 8,my ,lady ,cov5try & my niece ,walpole h be5 mobb$ 9 ! p>k40 ,!re 7 ?ree daught]s ( ?is m>riage--,laura1 ,m>ia1 & ,horatia--rememb]$ to-day especially = ! gr\p portrait ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds pa9t$ ( !m & :i* belong$ to ,sir ,horace ,walpole 9 #aghb4 ,"l ,waldegrave di$ 9 #agfc2 & on ,sept #f1 #agff1 ,m>ia1 n[ ,d[ag] ,c\ntess ( ,waldegrave1 0 m>ri$ privately to ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 ,william ,h5ry1 ,duke ( ,gl\ce/] & ,ed9burgh1 sev5 ye>s h] junior4 ,! m>riage 0 p]=m$ 9 h] own h\se 9 ,pall ,mall by h] own *apla9 & %e ?us became ! si/]-9-law ( ,george ,,iii4 ,! secret 0 kept = "s "t & ! ,k+ bani%$ 8 bro!r f ,c\rt1 b aft] two ye>s ! ,duke 0 tak5 back into ,royal favor & ! ,du*ess bore h] honors ) su* grace & dignity t %e became v popul> at ,c\rt4 ,! portrait repres5t$ "h1 oils on canvas 7#ce #bg in*es71 0 pa9t$ ab\t #aggi1 or be=e4 8,we he>10 ! ,public ,adv]tis] pr9t$ on ,may #d1 #aggb1 8t ! g5tlem5 ^u ! ,committee = manag+ ! ,royal ,academy h be5 guilty ( a sc&al\s meanness to a capital arti/ by secret+ a :ole-l5g? picture ( an ,engli% ,c\ntess = fe> _! ,maje/ies %\ld see x2 & ?is only ^u a full conviction t x 0 ! be/ f9i%$ picture s5t 9 ?is ye> to ! ,exhibition40 ,aga9 9 #agge a society report] = ! ,morn+ ,*ronicle ga!r$ up ?is piece ( gossip3 8,! ,duke & ,du*ess ( ,gl\ce/] are (t5 go+ to a fam\s pa9t]'s 9 ,pall ,mall2 & x is report$ t he is n[ do+ bo? _! pictures1 :i* are int5d$ to be pres5t$ to a great lady40 ,! picture is ne>ly ?ree-qu>t] l5g? & repres5ts ! ,du*ess 9 a gold-t9t$ dress ) hair dress$ high & p[d]$ & we>+ lovely pe>ls4 ,h] head is pos$ ^u h] left h& & ! arm re/s ^u a p$e/al t is b>ely visible4 ,!re is good reason = ?9k+ ?is portrait 0 orig9ally full-l5g? & t x has be5 cut d[n4 ,x is int]e/+ to comp>e ?is portrait ( ! ,du*ess ( ,gl\ce/] ) ,! ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,graham 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,ed9burgh1 :o is pa9t$1 full l5g?1 & is re/+ h] arm1 likewise1 on a p$e/al4 8,! introduction ( a p>apet1 or inde$1 ( any k9d ( ar*itectural sett+ 9 a portrait ( kit-cat size is mo/ unusual4 ,! left arm re/+ on ! p>apet & ! l>ge scale on :i* ! head is "h pa9t$1 confirm our view t our canvas 0 orig9ally1 z ,ful*] claims1 a :ole l5g?4 ,?is canvas to-day is almo/ exactly kit-cat size4 ,x may well h be5 cut d[n to meet ! requirem5ts ( hang+4 ,half a c5tury ago su* a practice 0 n unkn[n1 especially 9 ! ,engli% ,royal ,collections4 ,x w be rememb]$ t ! l[] portions ( ! canvas ( ,ga9sbor\gh's ,elde/ ,pr9cesses 0 v inc]emoni\sly cut away 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury4 8,a kit-cat1 /rictly speak+1 is a canvas = a portrait less ?an a half-l5g?1 b includ+ ! h&s1 & measur+ #cf by #bh in*es4 ,x is s call$ f ! portraits ( ! memb]s ( ! ,club at ,b>n ,elms1 :o seem to h orig9ally met 9 ! pie-h\se kept 9 ,%ire ,lane1 ,london1 by "o ,kit 7i4e4 ,*ri/oph]7 ,cat4 ,^! portraits are n[ 9 ! ,bak] ,collection at ,bay=dbury1 ne> ,h]t=d40#cb ,9 ,june #aijd ,! ,london ,times /at$ t 8,! ,duke ( ,cambridge's pictures1 :i* are n[ hung on ,*ri/ie's walls1 =m ! l>ge/ collection ( portraits ( ! reign+ h\se t has ev] be5 (f]$ = sale4 ,all1 9 fact1 repres5t ,george ,,iii & 8 family1 ) _! husb&s & wives4 ,by f> ! f9e/ is ,ga9sbor\gh's ,m>ia ,walpole1 ,c\ntess ( ,waldegrave & ,du*ess ( ,gl\ce/]1 ,horace ,walpole's beautiful niece40 ,^! art-treasures1 z well z ,gl\ce/] ,h\se1 _h be5 inh]it$ by ! ,late ,duke ( ,cambridge f 8 aunt1 ! second & la/ ,du*ess ( ,gl\ce/]1 :o di$ 9 #aheg4 ,! sale ( ?is picture creat$ a s5sation4 ,aga9 ref]r+ to ! ,london ,times 7,june #ac1 #aijd71 we read3 8,! honors ( ! day di/9ctly fell to ,ga9sbor\gh1 ^: beautiful portrait ( ,m>ia ,walpole has e/abli%$ a record price = ?is arti/'s pictures at auction4 ,bidd+ 0 />t$ on ,saturday at #ejjj gu9eas & 9 r m ?an half a doz5 bids rea*$ #ab1jjj gu9eas1 at :i* x 0 knock$ d[n to ,messrs4 ,agnew ,sons4 ,! price1 !re=e1 q eclipses ! #aj1jjj gu9eas paid 9 #ahgf = ! fam\s /ol5 ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire1 :i* rema9$ ! record price = a ,ga9sbor\gh until ,saturday40 ,9 ! foll[+ ,novemb]1 ! ,maje/ic br\ght ! #fj1jjj-;,ga9sbor\gh to ,new ,york4 ,?is portrait1 :5 exhibit$ at ! ,royal ,academy 9 #agii1 0 describ$ by ,sir ,horace ,walpole z 8v good & l40 ,m>ia ,walpole di$ 9 #ahjg1 two ye>s aft] ! ,duke ( ,gl\ce/]1 leav+ "o son & two daught]s4 ,( h] o!r portraits ,lionel ,cu/ 9 ,! ,royal ,collection ( ,pa9t+s1 ,vol4 ,i1 #aije1 says3 8,! beautiful ,c\ntess ( ,waldegrave 0 "o ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds's favorite sitt]s4 ,%e sat to him 9 #agei1 aft] h] m>riage1 = ! full-l5g? portrait 9 pe]ess's robes1 :i* belongs to ! pres5t ,e>l ,waldegrave1 & aga9 9 #agfa & #agfb1 = ! well-kn[n portrait 9 a turban & = ! ,madonna-l gr\p ) h] *ild1 :i* 0 bequea!d by ,frances1 ,c\ntess ,waldegrave1 to ! ,duc d',aumale1 & is n[ 9 ! ,cond ,collection at ,*antilly4 ,%e sat aga9 to ,reynolds 9 #agfd1 z a wid[ 9 m\rn+ = h] husb&1 & m ?an once aga9 dur+ h] wid[hood4 ,%e sat to him 9 ,octob]1 #agfg1 :5 really ,du*ess ( ,gl\ce/]1 = a portrait to be giv5 to h] fa!r1 ,sir ,edw>d ,walpole4 8,aft] ! m>riage _h be5 reveal$ to ! _w1 ! ,du*ess sat to ,reynolds 9 #agga1 = ! full-l5g? seat$ portrait n[ at ,buck+ham ,palace4 ,?is 0 exhibit$ at ! ,royal ,academy 9 #aggd4 ,?is portrait desc5d$ to h] daught]1 ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 ,pr9cess ,sophia ,matilda ( ,gl\ce/]1 :o at h] dea? 9 ,novemb]1 #ahdd1 bequea!d ! portrait to ,h4 ,r4 ,h4 ,pr9ce ,alb]t1 ! late ,pr9ce ,consort4 8,! ,du*ess ( ,gl\ce/] sat = ! la/ "t to ,reynolds 9 #aggi1 = a gr\p ( h]self & h] daught]1 ,pr9cess ,sophia ,matilda40 ,,georgiana1 ,,du*ess ,,( ,,devon%ire4 ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh 7#agbg-aghh74 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,h]b]t ,l4 ,satt]lee4 ,%e /&s "h--pr\d1 elegant1 disda9ful1 /yli%1 ari/ocratic1 beautiful1 & altoge!r *>m+1 9 h] da%+1 l>ge1 black hat worn at a debonnaire angle1 :ite dress1 & light petticoat & light blue sa%1 look+ at u ) ! mo/ m>vell\s eyes ev] put ^u canvas & a m\? t mat*es !m 9 su* naturalness t we expect ! ,du*ess to smile at any mom5t4 ,h] eyes h su* fire & sp>kle t !y pi]ce "r ?r\gh u4 ,x is h>d to believe t we are look+ ^u a pa9t$ portrait--x mu/ be ! ,du*ess h]self :o gives u t al]t1 p5etrat+1 fi]y1 & mock+ glance4 ,?is picture has _h a mo/ romantic hi/ory4 ,x is ! fam\s 8,lo/ ,du*ess10 /ol5 9 ,london1 & f\nd aft] tw5ty-five ye>s 9 ,am]ica4 ,! ,du*ess1 9 "s unkn[n way1 fell into ! h&s ( a ,mrs4 ,mag9nis1 an old s*oolmi/ress1 :o _h x cut d[n to fit ! space ov] ! *imney-piece 9 h] sitt+-room & burn$ up ! cut-(f piece4 ,mr4 ,b5tley1 a deal] b\ght ! picture f ,mrs4 ,mag9nis = #ef & !n sold x to ,mr4 ,wynn ,ellis1 a weal?y ,city m]*ant1 :o s5t ?is ,portrait ( a ,lady to be engrav$ by ,messrs4 ,h5ry ,graves ,co4 ,?is firm1 hav+ already engrav$ ! ,clifd5 ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire1 at once id5tifi$ ! subject4 ,:5 ! ,wynn ,ellis ,sale took place at ,*ri/ie's1 ,june #f1 #ahgf1 ?is portrait creat$ a great deal ( excitem5t4 ,x 0 catalogu$ z foll[s3 8,t4 ,ga9sbor\gh1 ,r4 ,a4 ,! ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire1 9 a :ite dress & blue silk petticoat & sa%1 l>ge black hat & fea!rs1 #ei #de in*es40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,h]b]t ,l4 ,satt]lee ,,georgiana1 ,,du*ess ,,( ,,devon%ire --,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh ,z ?is portrait ( ! ,du*ess 0 ! fir/ 8/>0 t ev] rose 9 an auction-sale1 x is wor? :ile putt+ =w>d "h ! contempor>y acc\nt ( an ev5t :i* has pass$ into hi/ory4 ,! ,london ,times records3 8,! sale ( ! mod]n pictures belong+ to ! ,wynn ,ellis ,collection on ,saturday la/ creat$ su* a s5sation z has nev] be5 exp]i5c$ 9 ! picture _w ( ,london4 ,?r\gh\t ! week ! pictures _h attract$ a consid]able numb] ( visitors1 b on ! day prec$+ ! sale ! int]e/ came to a climax & cr[ds fill$ ! rooms ( ,messrs4 ,*ri/ie1 ,manson1 ,woods4 ,anyone pass+ ! neighborhood ( ,/4 ,james's ,squ>e might well h suppos$ t "s great lady 0 hold+ a reception & ?is1 9 fact1 0 pretty mu* :at 0 go+ on )9 ! ,gall]y 9 ,k+ ,/reet4 ,all ! _w _h come to see a beautiful ,du*ess1 creat$ by ,ga9sbor\gh2 & s f> z we c\ld obs]ve1 !y all came1 saw1 & 7 conqu]$ by h] fasc9at+ beauty4 8,:5 ! portrait 0 plac$ be=e ! cr[d$ audi5ce a bur/ ( applause %[$ ! univ]sal admiration ( ! picture4 ,! bidd+s comm5c$ at "o ( #ajjj gu9eas1 :i* 0 imm$iately met ) "o ( #cjjj gu9eas f ,mr4 ,agnew2 &1 amid a sil5ce ( q brea?less att5tion1 ! bids foll[$ 9 quick succession until #aj1jjj gu9eas 0 ann\nc$4 ,mr4 ,agnew !n call$ #aj1ajj gu9eas & won ! battle 9 ?is mo/ extraord9>y conte/4 ,! audi5ce d5sely pack$ on rais$ seats r\nd & on ! floor ( ! h\se1 /amp$1 clapp$1 & bravo$40 ,& n[ comes ! /ory6 ,tw5ty days aft] ?is sale1 on ! night ( ,may #bf1 #ahgf1 ! gall]ies ( ,messrs4 ,agnew 7 ent]$1 ! canvas 0 cut f ! /ret*+ frame1 & ! ,du*ess 0 c>ri$ (f6 ,:]e8 ,by :om8 ,! picture 0 already too well-kn[n to be saleable & to make x /ill bett] kn[n photographs ( ! picture 7 imm$iately plac$ 9 e %op-w9d[ 9 ,london4 ,! subject became ( univ]sal int]e/3 pictures ( ! ,du*ess 7 pr9t$ on e article ( m]*&ise possible2 & fa%ion decre$ t once aga9 ! ,du*ess's huge hat %\ld be ! prop] ?+ to we>4 ,= _m ye>s aft]w>ds ! 8,ga9sbor\gh ,hat0 & ! 8,picture ,hat0 cont9u$ to be worn 9 c\ntry t[ns across ! ,atlantic1 f> away f ,london1 by p]sons :o _h nev] he>d ( ! beautiful ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire4 ,s5sation ,no4 #b4 ,9 ,m>*1 #aija1 ! newspap]s all ov] ! _w ann\nc$ t ! 8,lo/ ,du*ess0 _h be5 f\nd6 ,mr4 ,morl& ,agnew1 aft] v>i\s negotiations1 0 h&$ a p>cel 9 ! ,auditorium ,hotel 9 ,*icago :i* prov$ to be ! ,ga9sbor\gh canvas4 ,! discov]y _h be5 made by ! ,new ,york ,p9k]ton ,detective ,ag5cy1 :o f\nd ! ?ief1 "o ,adam ,wor? alias ,h5ry ,ri*mond1 son ( a ,g]man ,jew1 :o _h settl$ 9 ,cambridge1 ,massa*usetts1 & :o 0 "o ( ! mo/ fam\s & clev] crim9als ev] kn[n4 ,a few days aft] its return ! picture 0 pur*as$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan at a price beyond #cj1jjj4 ,_m ye>s be=e1 9 #agfb-c1 ,ga9sbor\gh _h pa9t$ 9 8 /udio at ,ba? ! ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire :5 %e 0 little ,georgiana ,sp5c]1 ag$ six1 9 a :ite dress1 p9k ribbons1 & da9ty cap4 ,at ! same p]iod ,ga9sbor\gh pa9t$ portraits ( h] p>5ts1 ,e>l & ,c\ntess ,sp5c] ( ,al?orp1 ! "o ( ! ,c\ntess rank+ v high among ,ga9sbor\gh's works ( ! ,ba? p]iod4 ,! ,c\ntess1 ,m>g>et ,georgiana1 daught] ( ! ,hon4 ,/eph5 ,poyntz1 0 a v beautiful & extremely weal?y woman & ! ,e>l also possess$ enorm\s weal? & became fam$ = ! magnific5t ,collection he made at ,al?orp4 ,! m>riage ( ?is c\ple 9 #agee creat$ a s5sation & 0 mu* talk$ ( 9 ! gossipy lett]s & memoirs ( ! day4 ,"o eye-witness relat$3 8,! bride foll[$ 9 a new s$an-*air l9$ ) :ite sat91 a black page walk+ be=e & ?ree footm5 beh9d1 all 9 ! mo/ sup]b liv]ies4 ,! diamonds worn by ! newly m>ri$ pair 7 giv5 to ,mr4 ,sp5c] by ,s>ah1 ,du*ess ( ,m>lbor\gh1 & 7 wor? #ajj1jjj4 ,! %oe-buckles ( ! bridegroom alone 7 wor? #cj1jjj40 ,lady ,h>vey relat$ t ! w$d+-p>ty w5t f ,london to ,al?orp 89 ?ree coa*es ) six horses & two hundr$ horsem54 ,! villages ?r\gh :i* !y pass$ 7 9 great al>m1 "s ( ! p %utt+ !mselves up 9 _! h\ses1 & o!rs com+ out ) pit*=ks1 spits1 & spades1 cry+ out #8,! invasion has come'1 believ+ t ! ,pret5d] & ! ,k+ ( ,france 7 bo? come toge!r2 & great relief 0 exp]i5c$ :5 ! =midable cavalcade _h pass$ )\t sett+ fire to ! habitation1 or murd]+ ! inhabitants40 ,! ye> aft] ?is m>riage ,mrs4 ,delany1 ,horace ,walpole's fri5d1 met 8,mrs4 ,sp5c]1 "o ( ! f9e/ figures ,i ev] saw1 9 :ite & silv] ) all h] jewels & sc>let decorations2 h] mode/1 unaffect$ air gives a lu/re to all h] f9]y t w\ld be v t9sel )\t x40 ,is x any wond] t ) su* p>5tage ,georgiana ,sp5c] %\ld h _h bra9s1 beauty1 *>m1 & p]fect equipm5t 9 e way = t _w ( society :i* 0 h] inh]itance8 ,georgiana 0 born on ,june #i1 #ageg1 & 0 m>ri$ at ! age ( sev5te5 to ! fif? ,duke ( ,devon%ire1 reg>d$ z ! 8fir/ mat*0 9 ,engl&4 8,georgiana 0 a lively girl10 said ,walpole1 8natural & full ( grace40 ,imm$iately ! ,du*ess became 8! irresi/ible que5 ( ton0 & ! mo/ conspicu\s lead] ( society :5ev] & :]ev] %e appe>$4 ,%e dazzl$ e ga!r+ by h] beauty2 a/oni%$ ev]yone ) h] elegant & extravagant dress2 & *>m$ ev]ybody by h] wit & h] grace4 ,! ,du*ess 0 always among ! gay butt]flies :o masqu]ad$ at ! ,pan!on1 prom5ad$ at ,ranelagh1 danc$ at assemblies1 or play$ = high-/akes at fa%ionable gam+-tables4 ,to ?9k ( ,london society 9 ! late ,eighte5? ,c5tury )\t ! ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire1 is impossible4 ,walpole writes t %e 8effaces all )\t be+ a beauty2 b h] y\?ful figure1 fl[+ good nature1 s5se1 & lively mode/y & mode/ famili>ity make h] a ph5om5on40 ,! ,du*ess _h a clev] m9d & %e delight$ 9 ! society ( p]sons ( tal5t4 ,fox1 ,%]idan1 & ,selwyn 7 among h] special fri5ds4 ,! /ory ( h] campaign+ = ,fox ) ,fox's si/]1 ,lady ,duncannon1 & ev5 sell+ 8a kiss = a vote0 is told by _m p5s & by p5cils z well1 = ! ,du*ess af=d$ f9e mat]ial = ! c>icaturi/s4 ,! ,du*ess 0 mu* pleas$1 x is said1 by ! complim5t paid to h] dur+ ! ,fox campaign by an ,iri%man1 :o exclaim$3 8,sure ,i c\ld light me pipe at h] eyes60 ,& ,ga9sbor\gh manag$ to fix ?is flam+ glance 9 ! fam\s ,satt]lee portrait4 ,co>se satire attack$ ! ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire z x attacks all :o ent] ! political ar5a2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 !re are _m tributes f contempor>y p5s to h] sweetness ( disposition & to h] noble & g5]\s qualities ( he>t4 ,9 #ahjf ^u he>+ ( h] dea? at ,devon%ire ,h\se1 ,piccadilly1 7j lately demoli%$71 ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales exclaim$3 8,we h lo/ ! be/-lov$ woman 9 ,engl&0 & ,*>les ,james ,fox repli$3 8,we h lo/ ! k9de/ he>t 9 ,engl&40 ,! ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire occasionally wrote v]se4 ,h] ,passage ( ! ,m\nta9 ( ,/4 ,go?>d1 d$icat$ to h] *ildr5 7%e _h a son & two daught]s71 0 publi%$ ) a ,fr5* translation 9 #ahjb2 an ,italian translation 0 pr9t$ 9 #ahjc2 & a ,g]man translation 9 #ahje4 ,?is poem gave occasion to ,col]idge's ode ) ! l9es3 8,o lady nurs$ 9 pomp & pleasure ,:5ce le>n$ y t h]oic measure80 ,ga9sbor\gh c\ld n h made ?is or any o!r portrait ( ! ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire until aft] #aghb1 because1 9 t ye>1 ,bate publi%$ 9 ! ,morn+ ,h]ald1 ! foll[+ l9es3 8,o ,ga9sboro6 ?\ ^: g5ius so>s s high1 ,wild z an eagle 9 an unkn[n sky1 ,to ,devon turn6--?y p5cil !re %all f9d ,a subject equal to ?y happy m9d6 ,amid/ ?y faire/ sc5es1 ?y brighte/ dyes1 ,l "y ,aurora let ! ,beauty rise40 ,ano!r portrait ( ! ,du*ess ( ,devon%ire by ,ga9sbor\gh is also 9 ?is c\ntry1 own$ by ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,x repres5ts a :ole l5g? life-size figure lean+ aga9/ a p$e/al & came f ! ,collection ( ! late ,e>l ,sp5c] at ,al?orp1 ,nott+ham%ire4 ,,! ,,blue ,,boy4 ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh 7#agbg-aghh74 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton4 ,! ,blue ,boy is )\t d\bt ! mo/ fam\s picture 9 ! _w4 ,:5 x pass$ f ! ,duke ( ,we/m9/]'s ,collection 9 ,grosv5or ,h\se1 ,london1 by private sale to ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton1 ! ev5t creat$ a s5sation 9 ! art-_w1 :i* soon ext5d$ to ! g5]al public4 ,no pa9t+ 0 ev] exploit$ s widely 9 ! press & :5 exhibit$ at ! ,duve5 ,gall]ies 9 ,new ,york1 be=e />t+ on its j\rney to ,cali=nia1 ! ,blue ,boy attract$ unusual cr[ds4 ,be=e x bade f>ewell to ,london ! fam\s picture 0 exhibit$ at ! ,national ,gall]y & ! foll[+ extract f a lett] ( ,sir ,*>les ,j4 ,holmes1 ,director ( ! ,national ,gall]y1 dat$ ,janu>y #bd1 #aibb1 to ,sir ,joseph ,duve51 gives an idea ( h[ ! portrait is reg>d$ 9 ,engl&3 8,my de> ,duve53 ,i saw ! la/1 = ! "t be+ anyh[1 ( ! ,blue ,boy ?is aft]noon at t5 m9utes pa/ f\r & feel b\nd to write ^! l9es to ?ank y & ,mrs4 ,hunt+ton = ! pleasure :i* ! sight ( x has giv5 to m ?an #ij1jjj p dur+ ! la/ ?ree weeks4 ,x is inde$ a mo/ brilliant ?+1 out%9+ 9 its pres5t condition all our ,engli% pictures at ,trafalg> ,squ>e & :5 ! natural mell[+ ( ! v>ni% dur+ ! next two or ?ree ye>s has tak5 place its p]fections w be enhanc$4 ,& ?\gh its pass+ f u has be5 ! cause ( univ]sal regret1 t regret has n be5 t+$ ) bitt]ness4 ,x is g5]ally recogniz$ t :ile 9 ! process ( recov]+ f ! ,w>1 ! ,nation c\ld n h paid ! price :i* its =tunate own] 0 able to af=d40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton ,,! ,,blue ,,boy --,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh ,! picture1 an oil pa9t+ on canvas1 is l>ge 7#e feet1 #aj in*es #d feet7 & repres5ts a "y boy1 ,ma/] ,jona?an ,buttall ( ,london1 life-size1 dress$ 9 a blue suit1 hold+ a broad-rimm$ hat 9 8 "r h& & v conspicu\sly /&+ =? f a l&scape backgr\nd ) a d>k1 cl\dy sky4 ,! foll[+ notes f ! ,f>+ton ,di>y1 rec5tly publi%$1 br+ u into relation ) ! two e>ly sales4 ,"u date ( ,dec4 #ae1 #agif1 we f9d3 8,buttall's sale4 ,i w5t to ,ga9sbor\gh's picture ( a ,boy 9 a ,blue ,v&yke ,dress sold = #ce gu9eas4 ,sev]al ( 8 draw+s 7 sold 9 pairs4 ,"s w5t s high z #h gu9eas & a half ! pair40 8,may #be1 #ahjb4 ,i pa9t$ till f\r o'clock & !n w5t to ,nesbitt's sale 9 ,grafton ,/reet1 :]e ,i met ,hoppn]1 :o _h pur*as$ ! ,boy 9 ,blue ,dress by ,ga9sbor\gh1 :i* 0 ,buttal's1 = #fe gu9eas4 ,at ,buttalls sale x 0 sold = #ce to ,mr4 ,nesbitt40 ,! picture is 9 m>vell\s condition4 ,:5 ,"l ,ronald ,su!rl&-,g[] saw x 9 ! ,duke ( ,we/m9/]'s ,collection be=e x came to ,am]ica1 he exclaim$3 8,! ,blue ,boy at ,grosv5or ,h\se has all ! glamor & *>m ( a portrait ( a fairy pr9ce40 ,^! few words expla9 ! spell t ! picture seems to ca/ ^u e "o :o sees x1 = :5ev] ,! ,blue ,boy has be5 exhibit$ cr[ds h /ood enraptur$ be=e x4 ,reg>d+ ,mr4 ,nesbitt's connection ) ! picture we h ! foll[+ /ory f ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,t4 ,trimm]1 ,vic> ( ,m>/on-on-,dove1 ,d]by%ire3 8,_m ye>s ago !re resid$ at ,he/on a ,mr4 ,nesbitt1 a p]son ( sub/ance & a companion ( ,george1 ,pr9ce ( ,wales4 ,he once possess$ ,ga9sbor\gh's ,blue ,boy & 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,he 0 d9+ ) ! ,pr9ce4 #8,nesbitt1' said ! ,pr9ce1 #8t picture1 7po9t+ to ! ,blue ,boy7 %all be y\rs4' ,at fir/ he ?\ght ! ,pr9ce mu/ be jok+1 b1 f9d+ he 0 decid$ly s]i\s1 ,nesbitt1 :o 0 a beau ( ! fir/ wat]1 made all suitable ackn[l$gm5ts = ,h4 ,r4 ,h4's g5]osity & next morn+ ! ,blue ,boy arriv$1 foll[$ 9 due "t by a bill = #cjj1 :i* he _h ! satisfaction ( pay+4 ,i he>d ,mr4 ,nesbitt _m ye>s ago tell ! /ory at my fa!r's table40 ,f ,mr4 ,nesbitt ! ,blue ,boy came into possession ( ,john ,hoppn]1 ! arti/1 :o sold x to ,e>l ,grosv5or4 ,!n1 ( c\rse1 ,! ,blue ,boy pass$ z an heirloom to 8 successor1 ! ,duke ( ,we/m9/]4 ,= _m ye>s ,! ,blue ,boy hung 9 ,grosv5or ,h\se1 ,london1 9 ! same room ) ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds's ,mrs4 ,siddons z ! ,tragic ,muse1 ! two mo/ fam\s portraits ( ! two mo/ fam\s ,engli% pa9t]s4 ,& x is "o ( ! romances ( art t ^! two portraits %\ld h cross$ ! ,atlantic & to be aga9 unit$1 z x 71 ?is "t 9 a ,cali=nia mansion4 ,ga9sbor\gh _h d\btless "s reason = pa9t+ ?is portrait2 b x is n ! reason usually giv51--namely t x 0 done 9 refutation ( a !ory express$ by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds 9 #aggh4 ,ap>t f ! reasons n[ accept$ to disprove ?is !ory1 ! picture is too joy\sly pa9t$ = a controv]sial & academic t\r de =ce4 ,"o ( ,ga9sbor\gh's late/ biograph]s1 ,mr4 ,william ,t4 ,:itley1#cc discov]$ ! foll[+ 9 a numb] ( ,! ,european ,magaz9e 7,augu/ #agih71 :i* w\ld seem to give ! real reason = ! g5esis ( ,ga9sbor\gh's fam\s portrait3 ,mr4 ,ga9sbor\gh 8,"o ( ! f9e/ pictures ?is great arti/ ev] pa9t$1 & :i* might be put ^u a p> ) any portrait t ev] 0 execut$1 is t ( a boy 9 a blue ,v&yke dress1 :i* is n[ 9 ! possession ( a tradesman 9 ,greek ,/reet4 ,ga9sbor\gh _h se5 a portrait ( a boy by ,titian = ! fir/ "t1 &1 hav+ f\nd a model t pleas$ him1 he set to "w ) all ! en?usiasm ( 8 g5ius4 #8,i am pr\d1' he said1 #8( be+ ( ! same pr(ession ) ,titian1 & 0 resolv$ to attempt some?+ l him4'0 ,s mu* has be5 writt5 ab\t ?is portrait & ! copies t h be5 made ( x t great confusion has result$1 & ! con/ant repetition ( ! same /ory by writ]s has t5d$ to obscure r ?an to cl>ify ! subject4 ,h[ev]1 ! !ory n[ accept$ is t ! portrait ( ,! ,blue ,boy fir/ appe>$ 9 public at ! ,royal ,academy 9 #aggj1 s5t !re by ,ga9sbor\gh himself1--a !ory support$ by a lett] writt5 by ,m>y ,mos]1 ,r4 ,a4 to ,fuseli1 !n 9 ,rome1 9 :i* %e said3 8,x is only tell+ y :at y "k already ( ! ,exhibition ( #aggj1 to say t ,ga9sbor\gh is beyond himself 9 a ,v&yke habit40 ,ano!r argum5t 9 favor ( ?is date is f\nd 9 a conv]sation ) an old arti/1 ,john ,taylor1 record$ by ,j4 ,t4 ,smi? 9 8 ,book = a ,ra9y ,day4 ,! p]son1 *iefly1 if n :olly1 responsible = ! fir/ sugge/ion ( ! !ory t ,ga9sbor\gh pa9t$ ! picture to disprove ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds's pron\ncem5t reg>d+ color seems to h be5 ,john ,burnet1 ! engrav] ( "s ( ,wilkie's pictures & a writ] on art4 ,! leg5d began to be circulat$ 9 #ahag1 :5 ,burnet publi%$ 8 ,practical ,treatise on ,pa9t+1 :]e1 aft] *all5g+ ! rules laid d[n by ,sir ,jo%ua1 he says3 8,i believe ,ga9sbor\gh pa9t$ ! portrait ( a boy dress$ 9 blue1 n[ 9 ! possession ( ,"l ,grosv5or1 to %[ ! fallacy ( ?is doctr9e40 ,t seems to be all !re is to x2 &1 once />t$1 ! /ory became widespread & 0 h&$ on f p5 to p5 & f lip to lip1 until ne>ly ev]ybody believes x4 ,let u turn1 h[ev]1 to "s ( ! au?orities4 ,fir/ to ,f4 ,g4 ,/eph5s3 8,ma/] ,jona?an ,buttall 0 ! son ( ,mr4 ,jona?an ,buttall1 an ironmong] 9 an ext5sive way ( bus9ess1 liv+ at #ca ,greek ,/reet 7at ! corn] ( ,k+ ,/reet71 ,soho1 betwe5 #agbh 7if n be=e7 & #agfh1 :5 he di$4 ,accord+ to ! ,book = a ,ra9y ,day1 he 0 #8an imm5sely ri* man4' ,! y\ng] ,buttall cont9u$ 9 ! bus9ess ( 8 fa!r until #agif1 :5 8 effects 7 sold by ,%>pe & ,coxe1 ! well-kn[n auctione]s4 ,^! effects includ$ premises 9 ,soho & ! ,city1 a %>e 9 ,drury ,lane ,!atre1 _m draw+s by ,ga9sbor\gh1 & pictures by ! same h& & o!rs1 w9e1 & musical in/rum5ts4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ t a ,blue ,boy 7= !re c h>dly be a d\bt t m ?an "o v]sion ( ! "w exi/s7 0 sold on ?is occasion4 8,a /ory has be5 cr$it$ t ,! ,blue ,boy 0 produc$ by ,ga9sbor\gh to refute a dictum ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 deliv]$ 9 8 ,eigh? ,disc\rse to ! ,/ud5ts ( ! ,royal ,academy1 ,decemb] #aj1 #aggh3 #8,x ought1 9 my op9ion to be indisp5sably obs]v$1 t ! masses ( light 9 a picture be always ( a w>m1 mell[ color1 yell[1 r$1 or a yell[i%-:ite2 & t ! blue1 ! grey1 or ! gre5 colors be kept almo/ entirely out ( ^! masses1 & be us$ only to support & set (f ^! w>m colors2 & = ?is purpose1 a small proportion ( cold colors w be suffici5t4 ,let ?is conduct be rev]s$2 let ! light be cold & ! surr\nd+ colors w>m1 z we (t5 see 9 ! works ( ! ,roman & ,flor5t9e pa9t]s1 & x w be out ( ! p[] ( ,art1 ev5 9 ! h&s ( ,rub5s or ,titian1 to make a picture spl5did & h>moni\s4' 8,x is obvi\s t ! ,eigh? ,disc\rse may h be5 deliv]$ cov]tly to depreciate a picture :i* _h be5 exhibit$ eight ye>s be=e1 b ?is is n likely2 or x may be assum$ t ! pa9t+ 0 produc$ to demon/rate ! futility ( ! ,presid5t's c\nsel4 ,x is obvi\s t ,ga9sbor\gh might1 & probably did1 f9d occasion to illu/rate a pr9ciple :i* is app>5tly oppos$ to ! dictum ( ,reynolds1 )\t ref]5ce to ! ,eigh? ,disc\rse1 or previ\s utt]ance ( ! ,p4 ,r4 ,a4 ,van ,dyck repeat$ly employ$ masses ( blue 9 drap]ies1 ) results :i* are at lea/ equal to ^? ( ! picture be=e u4 ,! ,*ildr5 ( ,*>les ! ,fir/ at ,w9dsor is an example ( ! fact4#cd ,leslie & e practical critic recogniz$ t ,ga9sbor\gh _h evad$ ! full & j me?od ( controv]t+ ! decl>ation ( ,sir ,jo%ua r ?an successfully assail$ x4 8,! picture be=e u is kn[n to h be5 exhibit$ at ! ,briti% ,in/itution ) a collection ( ,ga9sbor\gh's works--! fir/ =m$ indep5d5tly ( ! arti/ & 8 wife--9 #ahad1 "u ! title ( ,portrait ( a ,y\? & aga9 at ! same place1 9 #ahcd1 z #8#aag1 ,a ,"y ,g5tleman 9 a ,l&scape2 ! ,picture kn[n z ,! ,boy 9 ,blue4' ,x 0 at ,man*e/] 9 #aheg2 ! ,int]national ,exhibition 9 #ahfb2 & at ! ,royal ,academy 9 #ahgj4 ,! la/ occasion evok$ ! discussion above allud$ to1 :5 ! o!r ,blue ,boy became prom95t4 ,! "q may be summ$ up by say+ t probably ! y\ng] ,buttall _h a v]sion ( 8 own portrait1 :ile ! ,pr9ce _h ano!r4 8,reynolds1 by ! way ( support+ 8 own dictum1 produc$ ,a ,yell[ ,boy 9 ! #8,portrait ( ,*>les1 ,e>l ( ,dalkei?' ) an owl & a dog1 :i* 0 ,no4 #acb at ! ,grosv5or ,exhibition1 9 #ahhd4 #8,a ,portrait ( a ,lady1' by ,ga9sbor\gh1 kn[n z #8,! ,blue ,lady' 0 at ! ,briti% ,in/itution 9 #ahei2 #8,! ,p9k ,boy' 7,ma/] ,ni*olls1 gr&son ( ,dr4 ,mead71 by ,ga9sbor\gh1 0 at ! ,academy 9 #ahgi1 ,no4 #ci2 x has rec5tly be5 sold to a memb] ( ! ,ro?s*ild family4 ,! ,blue ,boy is at once ! complem5t & ! anti!sis ( ,mrs4 ,graham 7born ,ca?c>t71 n[ 9 ! ,scotti% ,national ,gall]y 7,ed9burgh740 ,turn+ n[ to ,m4 ,h4 ,spielmann 9 ,briti% ,portrait ,pa9t+3 8,9 ! view express$ by ! late ,f4 ,g4 ,/eph5s & o!rs--an op9ion ,i am incl9$ to %>e--! portrait kn[n z ,! ,blue ,boy1 m prop]ly ,ma/] ,jona?an ,buttall1 belongs to ! ye> #aggj1 or !reab\ts1 & n to a p]iod t5 ye>s lat]1 z is argu$ by ^? :o desire1 9 ! face ( int]nal evid5ce1 to apply to x a passage--usually cit$ incorrectly--9 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds's ,eigh? ,disc\rse 7deliv]$ 9 #aggh71 aga9/ ! use ( masses ( cold blue4 ,! /ricture c\ld n possibly apply to ?is picture1 :i* triumphs by virtue ( its w>m blue1 z x does by nobility ( pose 7m sugge/ive ( a pr9ce1 z we imag9e a pr9ce %\ld be1 ?an ( ! son ( a weal?y ironmong] ( ,greek ,/reet71 by ! well controll$ p[] & dignity made manife/ ?r\gh\t & by ! brilliant bru% *>g$ ) fat pa9t4 ,! f9ely pos$ head ) its admirably express$ "* ( boyhood & a good deal ( /urdy dogg$ness beh9d ! intellig5t eyes1 is r5d]$ a little m heavily ?an is ,ga9sbor\gh's wont2 b t x is a ma/]piece ( portraiture1 z x is ( color1 _c be *all5g$4 ,?is portrait1 :i* f its mann] may be believ$ to h be5 pa9t$ eight ye>s be=e ! fa!r's dea? & n two ye>s aft] x1 is ! fir/ to %[ ,ga9sbor\gh's out/&+ g5ius z a pa9t] ( indep5d5t ?\ght & /rik+ mod]nity4 ,at ! same "t x %\ld be po9t$ out an e>li] ,blue ,boy by him exi/s 9 ! portrait ( 8 nephew1 ,edw>d ,g>d9]1 pa9t$ 9 #agfh4 8,"h 9 ,ma/] ,buttall is ,ga9sbor\gh's fir/ great inv5tion bo? 9 matt] & mann]1 almo/ a *all5ge to ,van ,dyck's reputation1 b pa9t$ 9 a s*eme ( color ,van ,dyck nev] ?\ght (1 & w\ld probably nev] h tri$ if he _h4 ,9 h&l+ x is ,ga9sbor\gh's fir/ l9k ) ,watteau 9 its brok5 t9ts & fe>less lightness ( h&l+ ( ! drap]y1 9 its fasc9at+ play ( light & %ade1 its delightful silh\ette & ca/ %ad[s4 ,x is difficult to imag9e h[ ! composition c\ld be bett]$2 ! picture1 by itself1 _h no o!rs come f ! same bru%1 w\ld h immortaliz$ ! pa9t]40 ,f9ally1 ,sir ,walt] ,arm/rong agrees1 too1 ) ! ,/eph5s !ory3 8,^? :o cl+ to ! old traditions quote ! /yle ( ,! ,blue ,boy 9 support ( ! notion t x c\ld n h be5 pa9t$ be=e #aggi4 ,i confess t1 to me1 x n[ seems1 aft] mu* & close obs]vation1 to po9t ! o!r way4 ,! load$ impa/o1 ! ruddy c>nations1 ! t5d5cy to br[n & beyond x 9 ! %ad[s1 ! preoccupation ) =ce1 seem all to belong to ab\t ! same p]iod z ! gr\p at ,knole & to be inconsi/5t ) ! fea!ry lightness1 fre$om1 & gaiety :i* m>k ,ga9sbor\gh's "w t[>ds ! end ( 8 life4 ,! mo/ significant comp>ison may be made ) ! ,national ,gall]y ,mrs4 ,siddons4 ,"h aga9 blue1 & a frank] blue ?an t ( ! ,ma/] ,buttall1 is ! dom9ant note4 ,b ! pa9t+ is m assur$1 ! h&l+ light] & m prompt1 ! %ad[s m transp>5t1 & ! figure1 z a :ole1 tru] to its illum9ation4 ,x w\ld n be fair to dwell too mu* on ! contra/ betwe5 ! fle% pa9t+ ( ,! ,blue ,boy & t ( ! ,mrs4 ,siddons1 = ,i fancy ! peculi> :ite bloom ( ! latt]'s sk9 is due to ! fact t %e sat 9 h] pa9t4 ,b x mu/ n be ov]look$ t ev5 9 ! portraits ( pretty wom51 t ( ,eliza ,l9ley = in/ance1 pa9t$ ab\t #aggj1 !re is a fullness ( color we d n f9d t5 ye>s lat]4 ,tak+ ev]y?+ into acc\nt1 x seems to me t ! old tradition ( ,! ,blue ,boy mu/ be giv5 up1 & t ! ,duke ( ,we/m9/]'s picture1 s f> f be+ an answ] to ,reynolds1 0 "o ( ! _m ?+s t provok$ 8 dictum1 ,ga9sbor\gh reply+1 if he took ! tr\ble to reply at all1 ) ! ,mrs4 ,siddons & ^? o!r portraits1 pa9t$ 9 ! la/ t5 ye>s ( 8 life1 9 :i* blue1 can>y yell[1 & o!r cool t9ts are made ! c5tres ( ! color s*eme40 ,buttall & ,ga9sbor\gh cont9u$ _! relations4 ,buttall 0 "o ( ! 8few fri5ds ,ga9sbor\gh respect$ & :om he desir$ %\ld att5d 8 fun]al at ,kew4 ,buttall outliv$ ,ga9sbor\gh sev5te5 ye>s & di$ 9 ,decemb]1 #ahje1 z ! ,morn+ ,h]ald notes3 8,di$1 on ,friday la/1 at 8 h\se 9 ,ox=d ,/reet1 ,jona?an ,buttall1 ,esq41 a g5tleman ^: amiable mann]s & good disposition w cause him to be ev] regrett$ by 8 fri5ds40 ,,g5]al ,,philip ,,honywood4 ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh 7#agbg-aghh74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,john ,r+l+4 ,:5 ,ga9sbor\gh exhibit$ ?is portrait 9 ,london 9 #agfe x creat$ q a /ir1 z x 0 a dep>ture f ! /yle ( any portrait by t arti/2 & :5 x 0 s5t home to ,m>k ,hall1 ! seat ( ! ,honywood family 9 ,essex1 a new room _h to be built 9 ord] to accommodate x1 z ! canvas measures ne>ly t5 feet squ>e 7#if #hb74 ,?is has ! reputation ( be+ ! f9e/ eque/rian portrait ev] pa9t$ by ,ga9sbor\gh4 ,ful*] writes ( x3 8,nev] 0 ! am5ity ( l&scape m happily display$4 ,?r\gh a ri*ly wood$ sc5e :]e9 ! /urdy oak & silv]y-b>k$ bir* are conspicu\s1 ! soldi]1 m\nt$ on a bay horse1 appe>s to be pass+1 we>+ a sc>let dress :i* contra/s f9ely ) ! mass ( surr\nd+ foliage4 ,no?+ c be easi] ?an 8 attitude1 z ) "o h& he curbs 8 *>g] & ) ! o!r holds 8 sword :i* seems to fla% 9 ! sun4 ,! picturesque design ( ?is portrait1 its brilliant color+1 its bold yet c>eful execution1 ,ga9sbor\gh nev] surpass$4 ,no wond] t ,george ,,iii wi%$ to become ! possessor ( x & no wond] t ,horace ,walpole wrote ( x 9 8 catalogue #8v good4' ,( ! n9e pictures :i* decorat$ ! walls ( ,m>k ,hall gr& /aircase1 ?ree 7 by ,ga9sbor\gh & includ$ ! rem>kable portrait ( ,g5]al ,honywood4 ,x is ! l>ge/ "w by t ma/] & has ! reputation also ( be+ ! f9e/ eque/rian portrait ev] pa9t$ by ,ga9sbor\gh1 compet+ only ) ,van ,dyck's ,portrait ( ,*>les ,i 9 ! ,prado ,gall]y1 ,madrid1 ) :i* x has m ?an once be5 comp>$40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,john ,r+l+ ,,g5]al ,,philip ,,honywood --,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh ,! l&scape1 x is int]e/+ to say1 is a "p ( ! p>k at ,m>k ,hall4 ,g5]al ,philip ,honywood ( ,m>k ,hall came ( an old ,k5ti% family d]iv+ its orig9 f a place call$ ,honewood or ,hunewood 9 ! p>i% ( ,po/l+ 9 ,k5t1 :]e !y _h held l&s s9ce ! ,norman ,conque/4 ,g5]al ,philip ,honywood 0 born 9 #agaj & succe$$ 8 nephew 9 #ageh4 ,he 0 a ,g5]al ( ,8 ,maje/y's =ces1 ,colonel ( ! ,?ird ,royal ,dragoon ,gu>ds1 ,gov]nor ( ! ,t[n & ,citadel ( ,k9/on-^u-,hull & 0 also memb] ( ,p>liam5t = ?irty-"o ye>s = ! bor\gh ( ,appleby 9 ! ,c\nty ( ,we/morel&4 ,philip ,honywood 0 always famili>ly call$ 8! ,g5]al0 & he di$ 9 #aghe4 ,until #ahgh ?is portrait rema9$ 9 possession ( ! ,honywood family at ,m>k ,hall4 ,sir ,walt] ,arm/rong 9 8 ,ga9sbor\gh writes3 8,x repres5ts ! ,g5]al rid+ across ! canvas f left to "r4 ,he we>s a sc>let uni=m & c>ries 8 sword1 un%ea!d1 9 8 "r h&2 he has no scabb>d4 ,! horse1 a ri* bay1 is a little too long4 ,! pa9t] has n tak5 ! precaution to draw him 9 be=e comm5c+ ! figure1 & s ! =e-qu>t]s are sep>at$ f ! h9d by r too mu* middle-piece4 ,?is mi/ake is /ill m conspicu\s 9 ! ,colonel ,/4 ,leg] at ,hampton ,c\rt1 :]e a q unreasonable am\nt ( horse %[s beh9d ! figure4 ,o!rwise1 ! ,honywood picture is z successful 9 design z x is 9 all o!r ways4 ,! l&scape is "o ( ! f9e/ backgr\nds ev] pa9t$ & rem9ds "o ( ! backgr\nds to "s ( ^? eque/rian portraits by ,velasquez :i* ,ga9sbor\gh nev] saw4 ,x is curi\s t ,reynolds _h s5t a ,g5]al on ,horseback to ! ,exhibition ( #agfa4 ,_m ?+s po9t to ! probability t ,ga9sbor\gh made an annual visit to ,london dur+ ! exhibition & x is q likely t ! app>ition ( ,sir ,jo%ua's #8,g5]al' sugge/$ ! treatm5t ( 8 own40 ,! ,reynolds ref]r$ to above is ! portrait ( ,"l ,ligoni] n[ 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 ,,! ,,h>ve/ ,,waggon4 ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh 7#agbg-aghh74 ,collection ( ,sir ,joseph ,duve51 ,b>t4 ,?is picture be>s comp>ison ) ,ga9sbor\gh's fam\s ,m>ket ,c>t 9 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london4 ,"s critics ev5 pref] x4 ,x is pa9t$ 9 oils on canvas 7#dh #ei in*es7 & repres5ts a c\ntryside & a sc5e v famili> to ! pa9t]4 ,! c\ntry is rugg$ ) a :eel track w9d+ f ! left =egr\nd away into ! di/ance t[>ds ! blue hills4 ,on ! left1 !re are massive b\ld]s ov]gr[n ) %rubb]y & trees ) russet foliage ov]hang+ ! lane4 ,! ru/ic dray-c>t1 lad5 ) laugh+ c\ntry folk1 is halt$ to enable a "y girl to clamb] up ov] ! :eel & into ! arms ( a y\? :o b5ds =w>d to help h]4 ,! ?ree horses /& placidly :ile ! driv] adju/s ! coll> ( ! lead]4 ,a pant+ dog cap]s by ! c>t & two %eep t h /ray$ f _! flock are se5 re/+ by ! b\ld]s4 ,! rock 9 ! =egr\nd is sign$ ) ! initials 8,t4 ,g40 ,! ,h>ve/ ,waggon ga9s p>ticul> int]e/ because ! two "y girls--"o seat$ 9 ! waggon & "o climb+ up ov] ! :eel--are ,ga9sbor\gh's daught]s4 ,! horses1 too1 are portraits--horses t belong$ to ,john ,wilt%ire1 ! *ief c>ri] ( ,ba?1 & ! c>t is "o ( ,wilt%ire's 8fly+ waggons40 ,9 "s acc\nts ( ,john ,wilt%ire he is repres5t$ z an ord9>y dray-man1 :o drove 8 own c>ts & made deliv]ies4 ,?is 0 n ! case1 h[ev]4 ,john ,wilt%ire 0 a man ( importance 9 ,ba?1 hav+ built up a l>ge 8c>ry+ bus9ess0 7:i* we w\ld to-day call express71 ) a regul> s]vice ( 8fly+ waggons10 always go+ back & =? f 8 w>eh\ses 9 ,broad ,/reet1 ,ba?1 to ! ,:ite ,swan at ,holborn ,bridge1 ,london4 ,wilt%ire 0 elect$ ,mayor ( ,ba? 9 #aggb & gave a great ent]ta9m5t at ! ,t[n ,hall to ! g5try & fa%ionables1 giv+ !reby 8mu* (f5se to ! p 9 trade0 :o 7 n invit$4 ,"s idea ( ! spe$ ( ^! 8fly+ waggons0 may be _h f ,ga9sbor\gh's lett] to ,g>rick relative to ! deliv]y ( ! latt]'s portrait3 8,! picture is to g to ,london by ! ,wilt%ire fly-waggon on ,w$nesday next & ,i believe w arrive by ,saturday morn+40 ,john ,wilt%ire1 :o came ( a good old family t _h atta9$ ! rank ( squires1 liv$ 9 a f9e mansion at ,%ock]wick ne> ,ba?1 :i* _h belong$ to 8 fa!r4 ,?is 0 q a place ( r5dez-v\s = ! notable p]sonages :o visit$ ,ba?4 8,!re10 x 0 said1 8,an/ey _h a bee* tree1 ,ga9sbor\gh an elm1 & ,qu9 an arm-*air1 :ile ,field+1 ,all51 & _! hospitable ho/1 ,wilt%ire1 enjoy$ ! %ades ( its sylvan glades40 ,wilt%ire 0 s devot$ to ,ga9sbor\gh & su* an admir] ( 8 pa9t+s t he w\ld nev] all[ him to pay any bills = 8c>ry+40 ,yet he deliv]$ all ( ,ga9sbor\gh's f9i%$ pictures4 ,aft] a "t1 ^u ,ga9sbor\gh's insi/+1 ,wilt%ire repli$3 8,:5 y ?9k ,i h c>ri$ to ! value ( a little pa9t+1 ,i beg y w let me h "o1 sir2 & ,i %all be m ?an paid40 ,by degrees ,wilt%ire ?us acquir$ 8 small1 b v *oice1 collection ( ,ga9sbor\ghs1 :i* 0 sold at ,%ock]wick 9 #ahfg4 ,! ,h>ve/ ,waggon 0 "o ( ^!2 & ! way ! picture came to be pa9t$ 0 ?is4 ,on "o occasion ,ga9sbor\gh ask$ ,wilt%ire to l5d him a horse = a model4 ,! g5]\s ,wilt%ire saddl$ & bridl$ "o ( 8 horses & s5t x to ,ga9sbor\gh = a pres5t4 ,ga9sbor\gh pa9t$ ?is horse & made1 z ,ful*] says1 8a rem>kably f9e /udy ( ?is animal40 ,ga9sbor\gh n[ return$ ! complim5t4 ,he pa9t$ ,! ,h>ve/ ,waggon & s5t x to ,wilt%ire z a pres5t4 ,wilt%ire 0 ov]joy$1 = "h 0 8 own waggon2 "h 7 8 own horses2 & "h 7 ! arti/'s own daught]s6 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,sir ,joseph ,duve51 ,b>t4 ,,! ,,h>ve/ ,,waggon --,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh ,on giv+ ,! ,h>ve/ ,waggon to ,wilt%ire1 ,ga9sbor\gh said x pleas$ him m ?an any picture he _h ev] pa9t$4 ,f ! ,collections ( ,?omas ,gibbons1 ,esq41 ,hanov] ,t]race1 ,reg5ts ,p>k1 ( ! ,rev4 ,b5jam9 ,gibbons1 ,hanov] ,t]race1 ,reg5ts ,p>k1 & ( ,sir ,lionel ,phillips1 ,london1 ,! ,h>ve/ ,waggon pass$ into ! ,collection ( ! late ,judge ,elb]t ,h4 ,g>y4 ,x attract$ great att5tion at ! ,g>y ,sale 9 ,new ,york1 ,april1 #aibh1 :5 x 0 sold at ! ,plaza ,hotel = #hge1jjj1 ! highe/ figure t any picture has ev] rea*$ at auction4 ,,john ,,walt] ,,tempe/4 ,george ,romney 7#agcd-ahjb74 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,m>%all ,field4 ,x w\ld be h>d to f9d 9 all ! range ( portraiture1 at any "t & 9 any place1 a "w m *>m+1 true1 s9c]e1 natural1 & +ratiat+ ?an ?is adorable boy ) 8 belov$ horse4 ,y c see at a glance t !y love ea* o!r4 ,ev]y?+ ab\t ! picture is delightful3 ! color+1 ! h&some1 sweet1 & dreamy boy ) 8 unspeakable grace & g5tl5ess1 ! f9e horse1 s cont5t$1 & ! suave l&scape--all make bo? a portrait & a picture t w live = all "t4 ,no *anges 9 fa%ion c ev] de/roy its beauty & its appeal4 ,moreov]1 ,romney has succe$$ 9 sugge/+ "h a "y boy's dreams & ! fri5d%ip betwe5 a boy & a horse4 ,! relation betwe5 ! two1 z !y enjoy a pause 9 _! jaunt ?r\gh ! woodl&1 is m>vell\sly express$4 ,! relation ( ^! figures to ! l&scape is su* t we feel z if we1 too1 7 9 ?is lovely1 ,engli%1 sylvan spot4 ,we seem to he> ! pla% ( ! t9y wat]fall & ! s\nd ( ! horse's lips z he qu5*es 8 ?ir/4 ,9 j "o mom5t m & ! sweet1 g5tle1 dreamy boy w pat 8 fri5d's w>m1 br[n neck1 leap lightly on 8 back & (f !y w g m]rily 8to seek fre% woods & pa/ures new40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,m>%all ,field ,,john ,,walt] ,,tempe/ --,george ,romney ,! picture is 9 oils on canvas 7#ij #eh in*es7 & 0 pa9t$ 9 #aggi-aghj4 ,9 ! ,catalogue ,raisonn ( ,romney's works we read3 8,:ole l5g?1 :5 a y\?1 /&+1 fac+ t[>ds & look+ to ! front2 long hair2 purple dress1 :ite turn$-d[n coll>1 :ite /ock+s & black %oes ) silv] buckles2 /&+ by 8 horse1 :i* is dr9k+ at a /ream to ! left2 "r h& hold+ ! re9s2 left h& hold+ :ip2 trees 9 ! di/ance40 ,= sev]al ye>s ?is lovely picture 0 9 ! ,collection ( ,a%] ,w]!im]1 ,esq41 ( ,london4 ,john ,walt] ,tempe/ 0 ! only son ( ,john ,tempe/1 ,esq41 ( ,%]burn1 ,c\nty ,durham1 & memb] ( ,p>liam5t = ,durham4 ,he di$ 9 #agic at ,brigh!lm/one1 :]e he _h gone = 8 heal?4 ,! ,g]man critic1 ,augu/ ,griseba*1 has a pr(\nd admiration = ?is portrait4 ,writ+ 9 ,die ,kun/ fr ,alle 7#aijh71 he says3 8,z a new repres5tation ( ! half-gr[n boy ,romney's ,john ,walt] ,tempe/ /&s next to ! ,blue ,boy4 ,9 place ( ! w>m light+ ( ! brilliant silk ( ! correctly adorn$ boy 9 ,van ,dyck /yle & ! ari/ocratic pose ( ! manufactur]'s son1 is ! simple clo? coat ( subdu$ violet aga9/ ! light-br[n horse1 s quiet & res]v$ 9 color & l9e1 simil> to an antique relief40 ,! ,/rawb]ry ,girl is reckon$ among ! mo/ orig9al ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds's works4 ,surely ,john ,walt] ,tempe/ is "o ( ,romney's mo/ brilliant triumphs6 ,moreov]1 ! picture is highly orig9al4 ,= a great numb] ( ye>s ,george ,romney 9 8 h\se1 ,no4 #cb ,cav5di% ,squ>e1 %>$ ! patronage ( ! ari/ocracy ) ,reynolds & ,ga9sbor\gh4 ,romney's c>e] 0 rem>kable1 = he _h almo/ no tra9+4 ,romney 0 born 9 #agcd at ,beckside1 ne> ,dalton 9 ,cumb]l&1 ! son ( a cab9et-mak]1 :o wrote 8 "n ,rumney4 ,he1 too1 0 de/9$ = a cab9et-mak]1 b made ! acqua9tance 9 ,k5dal ( a portrait-pa9t] nam$ ,*ri/oph] ,/eele1 :o _h /udi$ ) ,c>le ,van ,loo1 & became 8 pupil & appr5tice 9 #agee4 ,romney soon pa9t$ a numb] ( portraits 9 ,k5dal & also a h& hold+ a lett] = ! t[n po/-(fice1 :i* attract$ mu* att5tion4 ,und\bt$ly ,romney acquir$ some?+ ( ! ,fr5* /yle ?r\gh ?is tea*] & we may reg>d him indirectly z a pupil ( ,van ,loo4 ,c]ta9ly !re is a quality 9 ,romney t f9ds response 9 ! ,fr5* pa9t]s ( ! ,eighte5? ,c5tury4 ,"l ,g[] says 9 8 ,romney 7,london1 #aijd73 8,app>5tly ! ,c\nt made use ( 8 pupil to prep>e & gr9d 8 colors & to c>ve frames = 8 portraits4 ,lat] ^! color-gr9d+s mu/ h be5 ( great use to ,romney1 & ! prep>ation & mode ( lay+ on ! oil colors may acc\nt = ! excell5ce & p]man5cy ( 8 pa9t+s1 :i* h /ood admirably & unfad+ly ! te/ ( "t & :i* are 9 mo/ cases z fre% & brilliant1 z cle> & transp>5t1 z :5 !y left ,romney's /udio ne>ly a c5tury & a half ago4 ,x is n )\t int]e/ t "o recalls h[ all ! great ,italian & ,flemi% ,ma/]s in/ruct$ _! pupils 9 ! prep>ation ( ! m9ute/ detail 9 all ?+s relat+ to _! pa9t+1 f ! prelim9>y gr9d+ ( ! colors & ! lay+ on ( ! gr\ndwork ( _! subject1 :e!r on pa9t or canvas2 = n only 7 ! great ,italian & ,flemi% old pa9t]s pa/ ma/]s 9 all t app]ta9$ to ! te*nicalities ( _! art1 b hone/ & loyal 9 see+ no detail1 h[ev] irksome1 omitt$ :i* c\ld give p]man5cy & endurance to _! creations2 h5ce ^? m>vels ( color1 pa9t+s ?ree & f\r c5turies old :i* /ill gl[ ) all ! brilliancy ( gems & fl[]s1 z radiant z "s noble /a9$-glass w9d[ 9 "s glori\s ,go?ic fane40 ,9 #agfb1 :5 he 0 b tw5ty-eight1 ,romney mov$ to ,london 7leav+ 8 wife1 son1 & daught]7 & e/abli%$ himself 9 ! great city4 ,z a pa9t] ( excell5t portraits at l[ prices ,romney soon sav$ en\gh money = a visit to ,p>is1 & h>d "w enabl$ him to close 8 /udio & sp5d two ye>s 9 ,italy4 ,soon aft] 8 return 9 #agge1 ,romney remov$ f ,gray's ,inn to ,no4 #cb ,cav5di% ,squ>e1 =m]ly occupi$ by ! pa9t]1 ,francis ,cotes1 7:o _h di$ 9 #aggj74 ,a portrait ( ! ,duke ( ,ri*mond ,read+ laun*$ ,romney into fame & =tune4 ,!nce=w>d !re 0 no?+ to d b "w4 ,romney became ! fa%ion & rank$ ) ,ga9sbor\gh & ,reynolds2 &1 z 8 prices 7 consid]ably less ?an !irs1 8 /udio 0 nev] empty ( sitt]s4 ,romney's ,di>ies %[ 8 amaz+ indu/ry & a gold5 regi/] ( ! nobility & g5try besides p ( fa%ion & arti/ic di/9ction4 ,! ye> #aggg1 = in/ance1 %[s six hundr$ sitt+s :i* ,mr4 ,w>d calculates z repres5t+ f a hundr$ & tw5ty to a hundr$ & fifty f9i%$ portraits4 ,romney's *>m+ /yle 0 n[ fully develop$ & "s ( 8 lovelie/ portraits date f ?is p]iod3 ! ,c\ntess ( ,w>wick & h] ,*ildr52 ,lady ,susan ,l5ox2 ,lady ,d]by 7see page #dja72 ,lady ,albem>le2 ,"l ,g[]'s ,*ildr5 ,danc+2 ,john ,walt] ,tempe/2 & ,lady ,crav51 :i* inspir$ ,horace ,walpole to write3 8,full _m an arti/ has on canvas fix'd ,all *>ms t ,nature's p5cil ev] mix'd-- ,! ,wit*]y ( ,eyes1 ! ,grace t tips ,! inexpressible d\ceur ( ,lips ,romney alone1 9 ?is fair image caught ,ea* ,*>m's ,expression & ea* ,feature's ?\ght4 ,& %[s h[ 9 _! sweet assemblage sit ,ta/e1 ,_s1 ,s(tness1 ,s5tim5t1 & ,wit40--,h4 ,w4 ,!re=e1 x w be se5 t ,romney _h be5 produc+ beautiful "w be=e ! adv5t ( ! beautiful ,emma ,h>t1 ! future ,lady ,hamilton4 ,romney left ,cav5di% ,squ>e 9 #agih1 hav+ b\ght a h\se at ,hollybu% ,hill1 ,hamp/ead1 f :i* he remov$ two ye>s lat] to return to 8 wife & son at ,k5dal4 ,he b\ght ! e/ate ( ,:ite/ock1 ne> ,ulv]/one1 :]e 8 son f9i%$ ! h\se he did n live to complete4 ,romney di$ 9 #ahjb1 hav+ be5 = two or ?ree ye>s 9 a /ate ( complete imbecility4 8,= ! fir/ half-c5tury or m aft] 8 dea? 8 "w 0 neglect$4 ,hidd5 9 private h\ses1 ! public nev] saw x2 8 biographies did n int]e/ p2 he _h left no gr\p ( influ5tial fri5ds to h& d[n 8 memory4 ,!re 0 no su* ma*9]y ( celebrity 9 8 case z _h exi/$ s abundantly 9 ,sir ,jo%ua's :o liv$ n only by 8 pictures b by a multitude ( lovely engrav+s & by ! writt5 & spok5 ^w ( colleagues1 pupils1 & fri5ds4 ,s ,romney's fame may almo/ be said to h di$ away dur+ ! d>k ages betwe5 #ahbj & #ahej2 & ,*ri/ie's ,catalogues %[ t 9 ^? days he 0 ignor$ by collectors & by gall]ies1 su* z !n exi/$4 ,9 ! g5]al revival ( /hetic intellig5ce :i* began ab\t ! middle ( ! c5tury--a revival ( :i* ! ,pre-,raphaelite movem5t1 ! eloqu5ce ( ,rusk91 & ! gr[? ( a new class ( weal?y amateurs 7 s _m symptoms & conditions--,romney began to em]ge once m4 ,nev] 0 !re an arti/ :o liv$ m :olly 9 8 art4 #8,9 8 pa9t+-room1' said 8 pupil1 ,rob9son1 #8he seem$ to h ! highe/ enjoym5t ( life1 & ! m he pa9t$ ! great] fl[ ( spirits he acquir$4' ,x is true t1 by "o ( ! ironies ( hi/ory1 x 0 n prim>ily 9 portrait-pa9t+ t he 0 int]e/$1 b 9 ^? l>g] s*emes & subjects to :i*1 accord+ to ! classification ( 8 "t1 he gave a high] place40#ce ,,! ,,hon4 ,,mrs4 ,,dav5port4 ,george ,romney 7#agcd-ahjb74 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon4 ,! ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,dav5port 7,*>lotte ,sneyd7 is ano!r ( ,romney's sup]lative creations4 ,%e is ! p]sonification ( a g5tle ,engli% beauty1 :o might well h sat = ! portrait ( ,t5nyson's 8,que5 ( ! ,rosebud ,g>d5 ( ,girls0 9 ,maud4 ,mrs4 ,dav5port1 dress$ 9 p]fect ta/e1 is pos$ aga9/ a lovely l&scape backgr\nd4 ,h] g[n is a delicate1 yet gl[+ p9k1 & h] cape is :ite velvet trimm$ ) :ite fur4 ,%e also we>s a :ite sc>f ) br[n ribbon & a :ite felt hat trimm$ ) br[n & :ite ribbons4 ,h] p[d]$ hair is arrang$ 9 s(t r+lets & a black velvet b& ar\nd h] neck af=ds a note ( contra/ to ! g5]al lightness ( ! color ( ! co/ume4 ,a fa%ionable muff adds a *ic t\*4 ,! face is rem>kably sweet & intellig5t1 z well z beautiful1 & ! :ole impression giv5 by ! portrait is ( a *>m+1 g5tle1 graci\s1 & lovable p]sonality4 ,*>lotte ,sneyd1 born 9 #agef1 0 ! daught] ( ,mr4 ,ralph ,sneyd ( ,keele ,hall1 ,newca/le-"u-,lyme1 ,/af=d%ire1 desc5d$ f an anci5t family ( ,*e/]1 "o ( :om _h be5 knight$ on ! battlefield ( ,p9kie 9 #aedg4 ,h] "m 0 ! daught] ( ,sir ,w4 ,w4 ,bugot1 fif? ,b>onet ( ,bli!field1 & ! gr&-daught] ( ! fir/ ,e>l ( ,d>tm\?4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,&rew ,w4 ,mellon ,,! ,,hon4 ,,mrs4 ,,dav5port --,george ,romney ,*>lotte ,sneyd 0 m>ri$ 9 #aggg to ,mr4 ,davies ,dav5port1 ,high ,%]iff ( ,*e%ire 9 #aghc1 & ,m4 ,p4 f #ahjf to #ahcj4 ,8 seats 7 ,cape/horne1 ,crewe1 & ,calvely1 ,nantwi*4 ,_! y\nge/ son took ! extra surname ( ,bromley & own$ ,bag9ton ,hall1 ,cov5try4 ,! ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,dav5port di$ 9 #ahbi4 ,%e 0 a c\s9 ( ,honora ,sneyd1 ^: "n has be5 associat$ ) t s]ies ( portraits by ,romney kn[n z ! 8,s]5a0 portraits4 ,honora 0 also fam\s = h] engagem5t to ! tal5t$1 *>m+1 & ill-fat$ ,major ,john ,&r4 ,! picture1 pa9t$ 9 oils on canvas 7#cj #be in*es71 came f ! ,collection ( ,brigadi]-,g5]al ,sir ,william ,bromley-,dav5port1 ,k4 ,c4 ,b41 ,"l-,lieut5ant ( ! ,c\nty ( ,*e/]1 ,cape/horne ,hall1 ,*e%ire1 ,engl&4 ,,lady ,,d]by4 ,george ,romney 7#agcd-ahjb74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,( ,elizabe?1 ,c\ntess ( ,d]by1 ,romney made "o ( 8 mo/ beautiful portraits & "o ( ! mo/ beautiful portraits1 moreov]1 ( t great portrait p]iod 9 :i* ,romney work$4 ,ev]y?+ ab\t x is lovely4 ,!re is no color 9 ! picture except ,lady ,d]by's gold5 hair & ! gre5 & br[n tones ( ! di/ant l&scape & ( ! tree beh9d h]4 ,! dress1 a ?9 :ite ,india mull ( exquisite f95ess & transp>5cy1 is drap$ ov] a :ite brocade skirt1 mak+ a co/ume :i* is ! qu9tess5ce ( purity & lightness2 & ,romney has treat$ ! :ite s p]fectly t ! picture seems to emit a cele/ial radiance4 ,lady ,d]by has ! fre% ,engli% complexion ( rose & :ite1 & h] gold5 hair is l sun%9e & amb]4 ,! pose is s easy & natural t we may safely guess x 0 a *>act]i/ic "o4 ,lady ,d]by seems unconsci\s ( h] *>m2 b %e 0 c]ta9ly too beautiful n to "k x4 ,elizabe?1 ,c\ntess ( ,d]by1 0 ! only daught] ( ,james1 six? ,duke ( ,hamilton & ! fam\s ,iri% beauty1 ,elizabe? ,gunn+1 :o1 ) h] si/]1 ,m>ia1 took ,london by /orm :5 !y remov$ !re 9 #agea f ,dubl94 ,! c>e] ( ! ,gunn+ si/]s 0 extraord9>y1 = !y _h no money2 b _! h&some faces1 f9e figures1 /yli% dress+1 & *>m+ mann]s1 soon br\ght !m into notoriety4 ,cr[ds surg$ ar\nd !m :5ev] !y appe>$3 9 ! /reets1 9 ,hyde ,p>k1 at ,ranelagh1 at ,vauxhall1 at r\ts1 at assemblies1 or at ! !atre4 ,horace ,walpole said 8x 0 extraord9>y t two si/]s %\ld be s beautiful40 ,m>ia ,gunn+ m>ri$ 9 #ageb ! ,e>l ( ,cov5try & also 9 ! same ye> ,elizabe? m>ri$ surreptiti\sly ,james1 six? ,duke ( ,hamilton 8us+ ! r+ ( ! b$-curta9 = h] w$d+ r+40 ,on 8 dea?1 six ye>s lat]1 %e m>ri$ ,john1 fif? ,duke ( ,argyll4 ,elizabe?1 n[ ,du*ess ( ,argyll1 0 /ill z beautiful z ev] & p ran aft] h] z usual :5ev] %e appe>$ 9 public4 8,"o ,sunday ev5+ 9 ,june1 #agei10 s ,horace ,walpole notes1 8%e 0 mobb$ 9 ,hyde ,p>k4 ,! ,k+ ord]$ t to prev5t ?is = ! future1 %e %\ld h a gu>d2 & on ! next ,sunday %e made h]self ridicul\s by walk+ 9 ! ,p>k f eight to t5 ,p4 ,m4 ) two s]geants ( ! ,gu>ds 9 front ) _! halb]ds & twelve soldi]s foll[+ h]40 ,elizabe?1 ,c\ntess ( ,d]by1 ) su* a beautiful "m1 _h1 !re=e1 ! "r to be a beauty4 ,on ,june #ab1 #aggd1 8,lady ,betty ,hamilton0 0 m>ri$ to ,edw>d ,smi? ,/anley1 aft]w>ds twelf? ,e>l ( ,d]by1 kn[n z ! 8,cock-fight+ ,e>l40 ,%e soon tir$ ( him & ran away ) ! ,duke ( ,dorset1 :o _h be5 work+ on ! ,d]by e/ate = "s "t 9 ! guise ( a g>d5] 9 ord] to be ne> ! beautiful ,elizabe? & to p]fect _! plans = elopem5t4 ,:o c look ^u ,romney's portrait & blame him8 ,"l ,d]by m>ri$ 9 #agig ! celebrat$ actress ,miss ,f>r5 7see page #dbj74 ,elizabe? ,hamilton di$ 9 #agig1 ag$ =ty-f\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e ,,lady ,,d]by --,george ,romney ,?is portrait1 oils on canvas 7#di #ci in*es71 0 pa9t$ 9 #aggf-aggh1 aft] twelve sitt+s3 ,nov4 #bg1 #aggf2 ,jan4 #ca1 ,feb4 #aa1 #ad1 #ba1 & ,m>* #ai1 #aggg2 ,feb4 #ac1 ,m>* #b1 #i1 #ad1 #bc & ,may #d1 #aggh4 ,a mezzot9t 0 made by ,john ,dean 9 #aghj4 ,aft] hav+ be5 = _m ye>s 9 ! ,t5nant ,collection ?is *ef-d'uvre pass$ to ,mr4 ,jules ,s4 ,ba*e4 ,a *>m+ picture ( ,lady ,elizabe? ,hamilton1 or 8,lady ,betty ,hamilton10 z a *ild ( five ye>s1 pa9t$ by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 n[ hangs 9 ! ,wid5] ,collection at ,lynnewood ,hall1 ,elk9s ,p>k1 ,p5nsylvania4 ,! little girl is seat$ on a bank fac+ ! spectator & is %[n at full l5g?1 we>+ a p9k dress ov] a l>ge hoop1 ) l[ neck & %ort sleeves1 & a spray ( fl[]s at h] neck4 ,9 h] h&s %e holds a b\quet ( bright fl[]s4 ,?is picture1 pa9t$ 9 #ageh1 belong$ to ! ,duke ( ,argyll & aft]w>ds to ! ,e>l ( ,normanton4 8,! ,eighte5? ,c5tury10 says ,max ,roldt1 8has (t5 be5 call$ ! ,age ( ,grace4 ,if ,i 7 ask$ h[ ?is "n c\ld be/ be ju/ifi$1 ,i %\ld po9t )\t a mom5t's hesitation to ! portraits by ,george ,romney4 ,o!rs pa9t$ graceful wom5 9 graceful dresses & graceful poses1 b ,romney p]sonifi$ ,grace1 made h] 8 goddess2 & x 0 h] portrait :i* he pa9t$ ov] & ov] aga9 "u diff]5t l9eam5ts & ) v>i\s features4 ,see 8 ,lady ,d]by z %e sits on a bank quietly dream+ "u ! trees2 h] legs are lightly cross$2 h] elb[ re/s on h] knee s t h] long1 f9e h& j t\*es h] *9 )\t actually support+ ! pure oval ( ! head2 ) h] :ite1 musl9 dress pull$ up %[+ ! und]skirt ( ! bro* sat9 ( ! same hue1 is %e n ! v embodim5t ( grace80 ,,emma1 ,,lady ,,hamilton4 ,george ,romney 7#agcd-ahjb74 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton4 ,:o ti$ t :ite b& ov] ! big hat--,romney or ,emma8 ,x 0 c]ta9ly a v orig9al idea6 8,?ree qu>t]s 9 a /raw hat call$ ,emma1 f9i%$ = ,mr4 ,craw=d10 is ! way ?is picture is ref]r$ to 9 ,john ,romney's ,memoirs2 & 9 ,romney's own ,l$g] ?is note occurs3 8,?ree qu>t]s paid = by ,mr4 ,craw=d1 #cj gu9eas1 ,sept4 #ae1 #agib1 & s5t home to ,mr4 ,craw=d's ,no4 #dh ,brook ,/reet1 ,july #ba1 #agib40 ,at ?ree-qu>t]1 !n1 seat$ 9 a *air1 dress$ 9 :ite & we>+ ! conspicu\s 8/raw hat10 trimm$ ) a broad b& ( ribbon ti$ into l>ge b[s1 8,emma0 looks at u r p5sively1--almo/ sadly4 ,! pose is allur+ly graceful & easy1 b ! swirl+ l9es1 :5 analys$1 %[ ! ?\ght & art ( a ma/]4 ,x is l a graceful melody ( ,moz>t4 ,cont\r1 beauty1 & rhy?m all are "h6 ,romney pa9t$ no few] ?an ?irty pictures ( ! 8,div9e ,emma10 9 "* & ) titles1 & f\rte5 portraits1 )\t titles2 &1 besides1 he pa9t$ _m replicas & v>iants ( ^! portraits4 ,emma ,h>t came into ,romney's life 9 #aghb1 tak5 to ! pa9t]'s /udio 9 ,cav5di% ,squ>e "o ,april morn+ by ! ,hon4 ,*>les ,francis ,greville1 second son ( ! ,e>l ( ,w>wick1 ) :om %e 0 !n liv+4 ,romney 0 in/antly /ruck by h] extraord9>y beauty1 vivacity1 & tal5t = pos+4 ,f ?is fir/ picture1 entitl$ ,nature & repres5t+ ,emma ) a little black spaniel "u arm1 = :i* ,greville paid tw5ty gu9eas1 ,romney produc$ portrait aft] portrait 9 v>i\s *>act]s3 ,alope2 ,ariadne2 ,bac*ante2 ,9 a ,black ,hat2 ,calypso 7p]haps ! same z ,ariadne72 ,cass&ra2 ,circe2 ,com$y2 ,comic ,muse2 ,cybele2 ,daphne 7p]haps ! same z ,bac*ante72 ,contemplation2 ,emma 9 a ,/raw ,hat 7see page #dje72 ,euphrosyne2 ,gipsy2 ,iphig5ia2 ,joan ( ,arc2 ,kate 7same z ,ariadne72 ,magdal52 ,m$ea2 ,m$itation2 ) ,m9iature 9 ,belt2 ,mir&a2 ,lady ,hamilton 9 ,morn+ ,dress2 ,nature2 ,nun2 ,py?ian ,prie/ess2 ,read+ ! ,gazette2 ,/4 ,cecilia2 ,s5sibility2 ,s]5a2 ,s]vant's ,cap2 ,%eph]dess2 ,sigismunda2 ,sp9n+-,:eel2 ,supplication2 ,) ,vesuvius 9 ! ,di/ance2 ,wel% ,girl2 ,wood ,nymph 7same z ,alope74 ,portraits )\t titles are3 ,seat$ re/+ head on "r h&1 :ite dress2 ,bu/ to left %[+ h&s1 head lean+ on "r h&1 =ef+] on *91 b>e neck & %\ld]s1 blue & :ite drap]y2 ,half-l5g?1 life-size1 head fac+1 re/+ on cross$ h&s1 light dress1 color$ sc>f twi/$ ar\nd ! head1 arms b>e to elb[1 lean+ on table2 ,head look+ up to left2 ,head look+ up to left 7oval72 ,head to left ) />tl$ expression 7sket*72 ,?ree-qu>t] l5g? figure seat$ to left look+ back ov] left %\ld]1 head re/+ on left h&1 :ite dress & cap & color$ sa%2 ,half figure turn$ to "r1 :ite dress1 :ite drap]y ar\nd head 7sev]al v]sions72 ,head1 %\ld]s1 full face1 l[ cut :ite dress1 d>k curly hair2 ,bu/ fac+ front1 face look+ d[n read+ a book1 :ite dress1 br[n backgr\nd2 ,bu/1 life-size look+ upw>d & smil+2 ,:ite veil ov] head2 ,head & %\ld]s look+ at spectator & smil+1 d>k r$ dress cut l[1 br[n hair fall+ ov] %\ld]s1 turban2 ,half figure direct$ to left look+ at spectator1 d>k dress1 :ite fi*u1 d>k felt hat ) broad brim & bun* ( fea!rs1 hair b\nd ) blue ribbon1 h&s re/+ on lap1 :ite lace cuffs4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton ,,emma1 ,,lady ,,hamilton --,george ,romney ,! /ory ( ,emma1 ,lady ,hamilton1 is a /range "o4 ,%e 0 born on ,april #bf1 #agfa1 at ,d5hall1 ,*e/]1 ! only *ild ( ,h5ry ,lyon1 a blacksmi?3 no "o kn[s :y %e took ! "n ( ,h>t4 ,:ile %e 0 a *ild1 h] "m mov$ to ,haw>d51 ent]+ ! s]vice ( ,mrs4 ,?omas1 wife ( ! p>i% doctor1 & ,emma rema9$ !re until %e 0 sixte51 e>n+ h] liv+ z nurs]y-maid & wait+-woman4 ,we f9d h] 9 ,london 9 h] eighte5? ye> employ$ 9 ! celebrat$ ,temple ( ,heal?1 ( :i* ! notori\s empiric1 ,dr4 ,graham1 0 ! orig9ator & proprietor1 presid+ !re z ! 8lovely ,hebe ,ve/9a1 ,rosy ,goddess ( ,heal?40 ,"h1 at c]ta9 times ( day1 ! 8lovely ,hebe0 & ! fam\s quack c\ld be se5 buri$ up to _! necks 9 ! mudba?s1 ,dr4 ,graham's hair dress$ accord+ to ! late/ expression ( ! p]ruqui]'s ta/e & ,hebe ) "o ( ^? t[]+ head-dresses ( ! day1 p[d]$ & decorat$ ) fl[]s1 fea!rs1 ropes ( pe>ls1 & gewgaws ( _m k9ds4 ,sir ,walt] ,arm/rong is ( ! op9ion t ,emma ,h>t sat = ,ga9sbor\gh's ,musidora ,ba?+ h] ,feet 79 ! ,national ,gall]y1 ,london74 8,! features10 he says1 8are ^? ( ,emma ,lyon ref9$1 ! hair is h]s1 & ! re/ ( ! figure is :at we f9d 9 sev]al ( ,romney's pictures40 ,!re is a v good reason t ?is might be s1 = ,ga9sbor\gh r5t$ "o "p ( ,s*omb]g ,h\se1 ,pall ,mall1 & ,dr4 ,graham r5t$ ! o!r4 ,consequ5tly1 ,ga9sbor\gh _h e opportunity ( see+ ! lovely ,emma v frequ5tly4 ,:ile presid+ at ,dr4 ,graham's e/abli%m5t1 ,emma attract$ ! att5tion ( ,sir ,h5ry ,fea!r/onehaugh ( ,up ,p>k1 ,sussex1 :o p]suad$ h] to leave ! ,temple & reside at ,up ,p>k4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> %e plac$ h]self "u ! protection ( ! ,hon4 ,*>les ,greville4 ,9 #aghd ,sir ,*>les's uncle1 ,sir ,william ,hamilton1 8 ,maje/y's ,ambassador at ,naples1 came to ,london on a visit1 a wid[]1 a man ( di/+ui%$ ta/es1 an art-connoisseur1 a lov] ( music1 & a desc5dant ( a noble family4 ,sir ,william became fasc9at$ ) ,emma & !re 0 a clev] transf] ( ,emma1 n to ! cr$it ( ei!r ( ^! da%+ 8blades40 ,ultimately ,emma jo9$ ,sir ,william 9 ,naples1 :]e %e 0 lodg$ at ! ,briti% ,embassy & treat$ ) ! di/9ction due royalty1 hav+1 moreov]1 h] c>riage1 boat1 liv]y1 & o!r appurt5ances ( /ate4 ,9 a lett] to ! ,hon4 ,*>les1 ,emma says3 8,sir ,william is v fond ( me & v k9d to me4 ,! h\se is full ( pa9t]s pa9t+ me4 ,he has n[ got n9e pictures ( me & two a-pa9t+4 ,m>*ant is cutt+ my head 9 /one1 t is 9 cameo = a r+4 ,!re is ano!r man modell+ me 9 wax & ano!r 9 clay4 ,all ! arti/s is come f ,rome to /udy f me1 s t ,sir ,william z fitt$ up a room t is call$ ! pa9t+-room4 ,sir ,william is nev] a mom5t f me4 ,he goes no :]e )\t me4 ,he has no d9n]s b :at ,i c be ( ! p>ty4 ,nobody comes )\t !y are civil to me40 ,on ,sept4 #f1 #agia1 ! infatuat$ ,ambassador m>ri$ ,emma 9 ,m>ylebone ,*ur*1 ! ,m>quis ( ,ab]corn1 ,sir ,william's k9sman1 act+ z be/ man4 ,dur+ ! mon?s prec$+ ! w$d+ ,emma sat almo/ daily to ,romney4 ,on ,june #ai1 #agia1 ,romney wrote to ,william ,hayley3 8,at pres5t & ! greate/ "p ( ?is summ]1 ,i %all be engag$ 9 pa9t+ pictures f ! div9e lady4 ,i _c give h] any o!r epi!t = ,i ?9k h] sup]ior to all womank9d4 ,i h two pictures to pa9t ( h] = ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales4 ,%e says %e mu/ see y be=e %e leaves ,engl&1 :i* w be 9 ! beg9n+ ( ,septemb]4 ,%e ask$ me if y w\ld n write my life4 ,i told h] y _h begun x2 !n %e said %e hop$ y w\ld h mu* to say ( h] 9 ! life1 z %e prid$ h]self on be+ my model40 ,romney also gave a p>ty 9 ,emma's honor1 on :i* occasion %e display$ h] rem>kable tal5ts4 ,romney wrote3 8,%e p]=m$ 9 my h\se la/ week1 s++ & act+ be=e "s ( ! nobility ) mo/ a/oni%+ p[]4 ,%e is ! talk ( ! :ole t[n1 & really surpasses ev]y?+1 bo? 9 s++ & act+1 t ev] appe>$4 ,gall9i (f]$ h] two ?\s& p\nds a ye> & two b5efits if %e w\ld engage ) him1 on :i* ,sir ,william said pleasantly t he _h engag$ h] = life40 ,directly aft] h] m>riage ,lady ,hamilton gave ,romney a sitt+4 ,8 ,di>y has ^! dates3 8,sept4 #e ,mon4 ,mrs4 ,h>t at #i4 ,sept4 #f ,tues4 ,lady ,hamilton at #aa40 ,sir ,william & ,lady ,hamilton left soon aft]w>ds = ,naples & ,romney & ,emma nev] met aga94 ,sir ,william ,hamilton di$ 9 #ahjc2 b f #agif ,emma _h liv$ ) & = ,"l ,nelson until 8 dea? 9 ! ,battle ( ,trafalg>4 ,emma di$ at ,calais1 ,jan4 #ae1 #ahae4 ,! portrait %[n "h 7#cj #be in*es71 belong$ to ,tank]ville ,*amb]layne1 ,esq41 & !n pass$ into ! ,collection ( ,alfr$ ,c4 de ,ro?s*ild1 ,esq4 ,engl& indirectly owes to ,lady ,hamilton "o ( ,nelson's great victories4 ,:5 ,nelson 0 9 pursuit ( ! ,fr5*1 x 0 ,lady ,hamilton :o obta9$ ! ord] f ! ,k+ ( ,naples = ! fleet to ent] port = provisions & wat]4 ,nelson !reupon ent]$ ! h>bor ( ,syracuse1 wat]$ 8 fleet1 & f\ght ! victori\s ,battle ( ! ,nile4 ,a few mon?s lat] ,lady ,hamilton & ,nelson manag$ to rescue ! ,royal family ( ,naples by tak+ !m ?r\gh a subt]ranean passage & by boats to ,nelson's %ip1 ! ,vangu>d4 8,! _w owes x to ,lady ,hamilton10 says ,john ,paget1 8t ! si/] ( ,m>ie ,anto9ette did n %>e h] horrible fate--t ano!r head1 z fair z t :i* fell into ! basket ( sawdu/ 9 front ( ! ,tuil]ies on ! #af? ( ,octob]1 #agic1 did n roll on ! scaffold at ,naples 9 #agii4 ,:5 we come to take ! acc\nt z x /ood betwe5 ! _w & ,lady ,hamilton :5 x f9ally clos$ 9 #ahae1 we f9d x /rangely *ang$ s9ce #agia4 ,! balance has turn$4 ,x is ! _w1 x is humanity1 t is ! debtor40 ,:at a /range c>e]6 ,a woman ( mat*less beauty1 arti/ic gifts ( a high ord]1 m5tal brilliance1 g5]osity1 *>m1 & k9dness ( he>t1 &1 moreov]1 able to educate h]self 9 ! ways ( society1 admir$1 & c\rt$ by pr9ces1 arti/s1 & m5 ( p[]s1 ! intimate fri5d ( ! ,que5 ( ,naples1 ! belov$ ( ,"l ,nelson1 ! deity ( ,romney1 enjoy+ at "o "t all t weal? & di/9ction c\ld give & at ! end =lorn1 poor1 & des]t$1 & dy+ 9 a =eign c\ntry--su* 0 ! life ( ,emma1 ,lady ,hamilton6 ,h[ beautifully ,humphrey ,w>d sums up ! :ole situation3 8,we "k t 9 lat] ye>s _m pa9t]s tri$ _! skill ^u h]--,reynolds once1 ,madame ,vige ,le ,brun at lea/ twice1 ,angelica ,kauffman probably1 & _m an ,italian pa9t] & sculptor to :om %e sat 9 ,sir ,william's pa9t+-room at ,naples4 ,b none ( ^! arti/s1 n ev5 ,reynolds himself1 9 ! well-kn[n ,bac*ante1 made ( ! mo/ beautiful woman 9 ! _w any?+ t 0 di/9ctive1 any?+ t 0 mu* remov$ f ! commonplace4 ,x is ,romney alone :o has pres]v$ ! life ( ^? wond]ful features1 ( t radiant hair1 & ( ! multitud9\s phases ( expression ?r\gh :i* ?is born actress1 inspir$ by 8 sugge/ions1 pass$ seem+ly at w4 ,h] "n rema9s insep>ably b\nd1 ?\gh 9 v diff]5t ways1 ) ! names ( two great m5--a h]o & a pa9t]4 ,9 ! ,*ronique sc&aleuse ( a hundr$ ye>s ago1 ,emma belongs to ,nelson2 9 ! hi/ory ( art1 %e belongs to ,romney40 ,,anne1 ,,lady ,,de ,,la ,,pole4 ,george ,romney 7#agcd-ahjb74 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,alvan ,t4 ,full]4 ,! portrait repres5t$ "h ( ,anne1 ,lady de la ,pole1 oils on canvas 7#di #ci in*es71 0 pa9t$ 9 #aghf aft] ! great ,lady ,hamilton p]iod4 ,! dress is ( :ite sat9 ) puff$ sleeves ( :ite mull & a sa% ( pale gre5 ) gold fr+e4 ,! slipp]s1 ( pale gre51 mat* ! sa%4 ,! hair is p[d]$ & drap$ ) a :ite veil4 ,a critic notes t 8! %e5 ( ! :ite sat9 dress has s9ce x 0 pa9t$ "o hundr$ & =ty ye>s ago become slightly t+$ ) mauve ?us completely h>moniz+ ) ! light color ( ! sa% & %oes4 ,! manipulation ( ! light on ! "r side ( ! picture gives a mell[ autumnal atmosph]e to ! portrait ( a dignifi$ & beautiful woman40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,alvan ,t4 ,full] ,,anne1 ,,lady ,,de ,,la ,,pole --,george ,romney ,anne1 ,lady de la ,pole1 0 ! only daught] ( ,john ,templ]1 ,esq41 ( ,/ov] ,h\se1 ,devon1 & 0 m>ri$ 9 ,janu>y1 #agha1 to ,sir ,john ,william ,pole1 six? ,b>onet & son ( ,sir ,john ,pole ( ,%ute1 ,devon1 :om he succe$$ 9 #agff4 ,sir ,john assum$ by 8sign-manual0 ! "n ( de la ,pole4 ,at ! same "t t he made ?is beautiful portrait1 ,romney also pa9t$ ,sir ,john de la ,pole1 z a companion piece4 ,lady de la ,pole di$ 9 #ahcb4 ,,! ,,hon4 ,,mrs4 ,,grant ,,( ,,kilgra/on4 ,sir ,h5ry ,raeburn 7#agef-ahbc74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,c4 ,fi%]4 ,?is picture comes f ! ,collection ( ,colonel ,walt] ,br[n ( ,r5frew & 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,collection ( ! ,hon4 ,mr4 ,/u>t ,gray4 ,x is an oil on canvas 7#cj #bd in*es71 depict+ ,mrs4 ,grant ( ,kilgra/on1 daught] ( ,francis1 ,"l ,grey4 ,! lady is turn$ ?ree qu>t]s to ! left & we>s a d>k g[n ) deep loose frill ( :ite ar\nd ! neck4 ,h] hair falls 9 c>eless curls ov] h] br[4 ,! backgr\nd is pla94 ,comp>$ ) ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds's "s two ?\s& portraits1 ,raeburn's "s sev5 or eight hundr$ is small2 b x is1 aft] all1 a goodly numb]4 8,raeburn10 9 ! words ( 8 fell[-t[nsman1 ,rob]t ,l\is ,/ev5son1 80 a born pa9t] ( portraits4 ,he look$ p %rewdly betwe5 ! eyes1 surpris$ _! mann]s 9 _! face & _h possess$ himself ( :at 0 ess5tial 9 _! "* be=e !y _h be5 _m m9utes 9 8 /udio4 ,:at he 0 s swift to p]ceive he convey$ to ! canvas almo/ 9 ! mom5t ( conception40 ,raeburn1 born 9 ,/ockbridge1 a suburb ( ,ed9burgh1 9 #agef1 became ! lead+ ,scotti% portrait-pa9t]1 ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,arti/s at ,ed9burgh1 & a ,royal ,academician 9 #ahae1 pres5t+ 9 #ahba 8 diploma picture ,! ,boy ) ,rabbit4 ,raeburn 0 knight$ by ,george ,,iv 9 #ahbb4 ,raeburn 0 almo/ entirely self-taught2 & x seems /range t ) practically no tra9+1 z ! _w und]/&s ?is ^w1 t he %\ld h ris5 to ! circle ( great pa9t]s4 ,_m ( ! greate/ ,italian pa9t]s ( ! ,r5aissance began life z goldsmi?s4 ,s did ,raeburn4 ,aft] a prelim9>y education at ! fam\s ,h]iot's ,hospital 9 ,ed9burgh1 he 0 appr5tic$ to a goldsmi? 9 t city4 ,next he took up m9iature-pa9t+ & pass$ on to oils1 devot+ himself to portraits4 ,success came quickly & e>ly4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-two ,raeburn 0 ?or\ghly e/abli%$ z ! lead+ portrait-pa9t] 9 ,scotl& & _h m>ri$ a weal?y wid[ ( title4 ,a visit to ,london & ,rome 9 #aghe-g 0 ! only break 9 8 enviable life1 pass$ 9 ! greate/ s]5ity replete ) dome/ic happ9ess1 social di/9ction1 & arti/ic f]tility4 ,practically an entire g5]ation ( ! m5 & wom5 ( ,scotl&1 mo/ ( !m celebrities--sat to ,raeburn 9 8 /udio4 ,z ,raeburn's portraits are nei!r sign$ nor dat$ & no v m>k$ p]iods emphasize 8 /yle1 x is difficult to assign accurate dates to any ( 8 works unless "s special ye> is atta*$ to !m4 ,moreov]1 no li/s ( ! sitt]s & note-books are kn[n4 ,if he kept !m !y 7 de/roy$4 ,h[ev]1 z ,raeburn advanc$ 9 ye>s he atta9$ m & m comm& ( te*nique1 8 appreciation ( "* became deep]1 & 8 expression ( x m complete4 ,raeburn 0 appreciat$ by 8 contempor>ies4 ,:5 he %[$ "s ( 8 portraits to ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds 9 ,london 9 #aghe1 ,sir ,jo%ua took him at once into favor & fri5d%ip2 ,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce pron\nc$ ! portrait ( ,! ,macnab 7! ,highl& ,*iefta97 ! be/ repres5tation ( a human be+ he _h ev] se52 & ,sir ,david ,wilkie comp>$ ,raeburn to ,velasquez4 ,writ+ to a bro!r arti/ f ,madrid 9 #ahbh ,sir ,david rem>ks3 8,!re is mu* resemblance betwe5 ,velasquez & ! works ( "s ( ! *iefs ( ! ,engli% ,s*ool2 b ( all ,raeburn resembles him mo/1 ( ^: squ>e t\* 9 heads1 h&s1 & accessories1 ,i see ! v c\nt]p>t ( ! ,spani>d40 ,wilkie also wrote to ,alex&] ,nasmy? f ,spa93 8,!re are "s heads by ,velasquez 9 ,madrid1 :i*1 7 !y 9 ,ed9burgh1 w\ld be ?\ght to be by ,raeburn2 & ,i h se5 a portrait ( ,"l ,gl5lee1 ,i ?9k1 by ,raeburn1 :i* w\ld 9 ,madrid be ?\ght a ne> approa* to ,velasquez40 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,c4 ,fi%] ,,! ,,hon4 ,,mrs4 ,,grant ,,( ,,kilgra/on --,sir ,h5ry ,raeburn ,dr4 ,john ,br[n1 "o ( ,raeburn's be/ fri5ds1 describ$ 8 me?ods z foll[s3 8,l ,sir ,jo%ua1 ,raeburn plac$ 8 sitt]s on a high plat=m1 %ort5+ ! features & giv+ a pigeon-hole view ( ! no/rils4 ,! notion is t p %\ld be pa9t$ z if !y 7 hang+ l pictures on ! wall1 a ,newgate notion1 b x 0 ,sir ,jo%ua's4 ,raeburn & ,i h _h good-humor$ disputes ab\t ?is4 ,i appeal$ to ,titian1 ,van ,dyck1 etc41 = my au?orities2 !y always pa9t$ p z if !y 7 sitt+ opposite to !m1 n on a m\ntebank /age1 or dangl+ on ! wall4 ,?is great "q we leave to be decid$ by ^? :o "k be/4 ,8 mann] ( tak+ 8 lik5esses expla9s ! simplicity & p[] ( 8 heads4 ,plac+ 8 sitt] on ! p$e/al1 he look$ at him f ! o!r end ( a long room1 gaz+ at him int5tly ) 8 great d>k eyes4 ,hav+ got ! idea ( ! man1 :at ( him c>ri$ f>!/ & #8told1' he walk$ ha/ily up to ! canvas1 nev] look+ at 8 sitt]1 & put d[n :at he _h fix$ 9 8 inn] eye2 he !n )drew aga91 took ano!r gaze & record$ 8 results1 & s on1 mak+ no measurem5ts40 ,x is pleasant to cat* a glimpse ( a pa9t] f ano!r pa9t]4 ,f>+ton writes 9 8 ,di>y1 ,sept #ba1 #ahja3 8,i next w5t to ,mr4 ,raeburn1 ! portrait-pa9t] mo/ e/eem$ "h :o lives 9 ,york ,place1 ,new-,t[n4 ,! h\se is excell5t & built by himself4 ,8 %[ room is light$ f ! top4 ,8 pa9t+-room comm&s a view ( ! ,=? & ! di/ant m\nta9s4 ,"h ,i f\nd pictures ( a mu* sup]ior k9d to ^? ,i saw at ,mr4 ,nasmy?'s4 ,"s ( ,mr4 ,raeburn's portraits h an uncommonly true appe>ance ( nature & are pa9t$ ) mu* firmness1 b !re is great inequality 9 8 works4 ,t :i* /rikes ! eye is a k9d ( ,cam]a ,oscura effect & f ^? pictures :i* seem to be 8 be/1 ,i %\ld conclude he has look$ v mu* at nature1 reflect$ 9 a cam]a4 ,raeburn & ,nasmy? d n associate mu* ) o!r arti/s & hold !mselves v high4 ,raeburn sc>cely inde$ ) any ( ! pr(ession4 ,! prices ( ,raeburn are #ajj gu9eas = a :ole l5g?1 #ej gu9eas half l5g?1 #cj gu9eas = a kit-cat & #be gu9eas = a ?ree-qu>t] portrait40 ,,qu9ton ,mc,a,d,a,m4 ,sir ,h5ry ,raeburn 7#agef-ahbc74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,erickson4 ,raeburn 0 p>ticul>ly happy 9 pa9t+ portraits ( *ildr51 full ( naturalness & *>m & "*2 & x w be rememb]$ t he *ose = 8 contribution to ! ,royal ,academy ! lovely ,boy ) a ,rabbit4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,erickson ,,qu9ton ,mc,a,d,a,m --,sir ,h5ry ,raeburn ,on a p> ) ?is ma/]piece /&s ! portrait repres5t$ "h ( ,qu9ton ,mc,adam1 a little boy twelve ye>s old1 ! only son ( ,qu9ton ,mc,adam ( ,craig5gillan1 ,ayr%ire1 to :om ,burns wrote an 8,epi/le0 address$ to ,mr4 ,mc,adam ( ,craig5gillan4 ,qu9ton ,mc,adam 0 born 9 ,angus 9 #ahje & di$ 9 #ahbf & ?is picture hung = ov] a hundr$ ye>s at ,caml>g1 ! d[]-h\se ( ,craig5gillan until x 0 pur*as$ by ! ,agnews ( ,london 9 #aibf4 ,! family /ill possess ,raeburn's receipt = paym5t = ! picture4 ,! portrait is pa9t$ on canvas 7#fa #dg in*es71 life-size1 & repres5ts ! boy 9 light yell[i%-br[n tr\s]s1 d>k jacket1 & :ite1 ruffl$ %irt4 ,! light %9es beautifully on 8 sat9y1 blonde hair4 ,8 eyes are violet blue4 ,,m>y ,,horneck4 7,,! ,,jessamy ,,bride47 ,john ,hoppn] 7#ageh-ahaj74 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,*>les ,p4 ,taft4 ,?is canvas 7#bi #bd in*es71 a portrait ( ,mrs4 ,gwyn1 bett] kn[n z ,m>y ,horneck1 ,oliv] ,goldsmi?'s 8,jessamy ,bride10 rema9$ 9 ! possession ( ! ,gwyn family until x 0 sold at ,*ri/ie's 9 #ahhi4 ,subsequ5tly x pass$ into ! ,collection ( ,mr4 ,h5ry ,g4 ,m>qu& & !nce into ! home ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,*>les ,p4 ,taft 9 ,c9c9nati4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,*>les ,p4 ,taft ,,m>y ,,horneck 8,,! ,,jessamy ,,bride0 --,john ,hoppn] ,! 8,jessamy ,bride0 appe>s 9 a l[-cut1 :ite dress ) blue sa% & a :ite cap ) a peacock-blue b[ & ti$ "u h] *9 ) a n>r[1 black ribbon1 or cord4 ,a black spott$ sc>f is ?r[n ar\nd h] wai/ & drap$ ov] h] arms4 ,! complexion is rosy1 ! eyes are br[n1 & ! hair is p[d]$ la mode4 ,m>y ,horneck 0 ! daught] ( ,capta9 ,kane ,william ,horneck ( ! ,royal ,eng9e]s & ,hannah ,mangles1 kn[n 9 h] day z 8! ,plym\? ,beauty40 ,bo? 7 pa9t$ by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds4 ,capta9 ,horneck di$ 9 #agee1 leav+ 8 wid[ 9 com=table circum/ances & %e imm$iately remov$ ) h] ?ree *ildr51 ,*>les1 ,m>y1 & ,ca!r9e1 to ,london4 ,ab\t #agfi ! ,hornecks became acqua9t$ ) ,oliv] ,goldsmi?1 :o _h ?ree ye>s be=e t date writt5 ,! ,des]t$ ,village1 :i* he d$icat$ to ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 !n ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,academy4 ,goldsmi? soon f\nd appropriate names = ! ,horneck *ildr54 ,m>y 0 ! 8,jessamy ,bride02 ,ca!r9e 0 8,little ,com$y0 & ,*>les 0 ! 8,capta9 9 ,lace40 ,!y are all ?ree m5tion$ 9 ,goldsmi?'s acceptance to a d9n] giv5 by ,dr4 ,bak] to ! ,hornecks & to :i* ! ,horneck girls s5t an invitation to ,goldsmi? 9 rhyme4 ,goldsmi?'s reply 0 z foll[s3 8,y\r m&ate ,i got1 ,y may all g to pot1 ,_h y\r s5ses be5 "r ,y'd h s5t be=e night2 ,z ,i hope to be sav$1 ,i put (f be+ %av$2 ,= ,i c\ld n make bold ,:ile ! matt] 0 cold1 ,to m$dle 9 suds1 ,or to put on my duds2 ,s tell ,horneck & ,nesbitt ,& ,bak] & 8 bit1 ,& ,kauffman beside ,& ! ,jessamy ,bride1 ,& ! re/ ( ! crew1 ,! ,reynoldses too1 ,little ,com$y's face1 ,& ! ,capta9 9 ,lace-- 7,by ! bye1 y may tell him ,i h some?+ to sell him7-- ,tell ea* o!r to rue ,yon ,devon%ire crew ,= s5d+ s late ,to "o ( my /ate4 ,b 'tis ,reynold's way ,f ,wisdom to /ray ,& ,angelica's#cf :im ,to be frolick l him2 ,b alas6 y\r good wor%ips1 h[ c\ld !y be wis] ,:5 bo? h be5 spoil$ 9 to-day's ,adv]tis]80 ,x 0 aft] ,goldsmi?'s dea? t ,m>y ,horneck m>ri$ ,col4 ,gwyn ( ! #af? ,dragoons1 :o ev5tually became an equ]ry to ! ,k+4 ,on 8 appe>ance at ,c\rt1 ,fanny ,burney not$ t 8,colonel ,gwyn is reckon$ a rem>kably h&some man & he is husb& ( ! beautiful elde/ daught] ( ,mrs4 ,horneck40 ,( ,m>y ,horneck1 n[ ,mrs4 ,gwyn1 ,fanny ,burney wrote 9 #aghh1 %e 0 8z beautiful z ! fir/ day ,i saw h]2 all g5tl5ess & s(tness20 & a ye> lat]1 z 8s(t & pleas+ & /ill z beautiful z an angel40 ,mrs4 ,gwyn became a ,woman ( ! ,b$*amb] to ,que5 ,*>lotte & di$ 9 ,london 9 #ahdj1 at ! age ( eighty-sev54 ,ca!r9e ,horneck 78,little ,com$y07 m>ri$ 9 #agga ! arti/1 ,h5ry ,william ,bunbury4 ,_! son1 ,*>les ,john ,bunbury 0 pa9t$ at ! age ( eight or n9e1 by ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds4 ,john ,hoppn] born 9 ,:ite*apel1 ,london1 ( ,g]man p>5ts1 9 #ageh1 0 a foll[] ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds4 ,he exhibit$ at ! ,royal ,academy & became a ,c\rt-,pa9t] & a rival ( ,lawr5ce4 ,hoppn] m>ri$ 9 #aghb ! daught] ( ,mrs4 ,wright1 ! ,am]ican sculptress & mak] ( wax-works1 :o (t5 sat to him z a model4 ,hoppn] exhibit$ 8 fir/ picture at ! ,royal ,academy 9 #aghj2 &1 ?r\gh ! patronage ( ! ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 became a fa%ionable portrait-pa9t]4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,ga9sbor\gh & ,reynolds1 ,hoppn] & ,lawr5ce comm&$ ! field ( art4 ,hoppn]'s *>m+ canvases1 :i* are v *>act]i/ic ( ! p]iod1 are ga9+ 9 vogue day by day & br+ v l>ge prices4 ,,eliza ,,f>r51 ,,c\ntess ,,( ,,d]by4 ,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce 7#agfi-ahcj74 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan4 ,lawr5ce 0 only a "y man ( tw5ty-"o :5 he s5t to ! ,royal ,academy ,exhibition ( #agij ?is portrait ( ,miss ,f>r51 :i* 0 catalogu$ z ,! ,portrait ( an ,actress4 ,! picture1 oils on canvas 7#hj #eg in*es71 %[s ! graceful "y woman walk+ 9 a beautiful ,engli% p>k ) a blue sky ov]head1 & :o has paus$ = a mom5t4 ,%e we>s an ivory-:ite1 sat9 cloak trimm$ ) br[n fur ov] a s(t :ite musl9 g[n4 ,h] glov$ left h& is hold+ a l>ge muff on :i* is a blue b[4 ,! picture 0 v mu* criticiz$4 ,on he>+ _m adv]se op9ions1 ,miss ,f>r5 wrote to ,lawr5ce3 8,"o says x is s ?9 9 ! figure t y might bl[ x away2 ano!r t x looks broke (f 9 ! middle2 9 %ort1 y mu/ make x a little fatt] at all ev5ts dim9i% ! b5d y are s atta*$ to1 ev5 if x makes ! picture look ill1 = ! own] ( x is q di/ress$ ab\t x at pres5t4 ,i am %ock$ to tease y & d>e say y wi% me & ! portrait 9 ! fire2 b z x 0 impossible to appease ! cries ( fri5ds1 ,i mu/ beg y to excuse me40 ,! own] ,miss ,f>r5 ref]s to 0 mo/ probably ,"l ,d]by4 ,at ! dea? ( ,eliza1 ,c\ntess ( ,d]by1 ! portrait became ! prop]ty ( h] daught]1 ,m>y ,m>g>et1 wife ( ,?omas1 second ,e>l ( ,wilton4 ,f h] desc5dant1 ,"l ,wilton1 ! picture pass$ into ! ,collection ( ,mr4 ,ludwig ,neumann ( ,man*e/]1 & !nce into possession ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,pi]pont ,morgan1 f :om x 0 inh]it$ by 8 son4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ,mr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,morgan ,,eliza ,,f>r51 ,,c\ntess ,,( ,,d]by --,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce ,?is picture is v well kn[n by ! fam\s engrav+ by ,b>tolozzi1 publi%$ 9 #agib1 & re-issu$ 9 colors 9 #agig4 ,on ! dea? ( ,lady ,d]by 9 ,m>*1 #agig1 ! ,e>l ( ,d]by m>ri$1 two mon?s lat]1 ! subject ( ?is portrait1 to :om he _h long be5 att5tive4 ,9 ! ,f>+ton ,di>y1 "u date ( ,octob] #ae1 #agig1 we read3 8,miss ,f>r5 7! actress aft]w>ds ,lady ,d]by7 0 bridesmaid to ,lady ,*>lotte ,/anley 7,"l ,d]by's daught]74 ,"l ,d]by's atta*m5t to ,miss ,f>r5 is extraord9>y4 ,he sees h] daily & always att5ds ! play :5 %e p]=ms4 ,:5 %e came to ,kn[sley h] "m 0 ) h]1 s c>eful %e is ( appe>ances40 ,& aga9 on ,may #bj1 #agig3 8,lady ,gage told ,hoppn] t :5 ,lady ,d]by 7,miss ,f>r5 ! actress rec5tly m>ri$ to ,"l ,d]by7 0 pres5t$1 ! ,que5 advanc$ to h]1 :i* is a great complim5t40 ,eliza ,f>r51 born 9 #agei1 0 ! daught] ( ,george ,f>r51 a surgeon & an apo!c>y ( ,cork1 :o w5t on ! /age & atta9$ a little success4 ,8 wife & daught]s also foll[$ him &1 consequ5tly1 ,eliza 0 br\ght up 9 ! !atre4 ,%e play$ juv5ile p>ts 9 ,ba?1 act+ ) h] family1 & (t5 sang betwe5 ! acts4 ,at ! age ( fifte5 %e appe>$ 9 ,liv]pool z ,rosetta 9 ,love 9 a ,village & soon aft]w>ds z ,lady ,t[nly 9 ,! ,provok$ ,husb&4 ,9 #aggg %e made h] ,london db at ! ,haym>ket z ,miss ,h>dca/le 9 ,%e ,/oops to ,conqu] ) great success & = _m ye>s %e 0 ! favorite actress ( ! ,haym>ket & ( ,drury ,lane4 ,:5 ! *>m+ ,mrs4 ,ab+ton left ,drury ,lane 9 #aghb1 ,miss ,f>r5 0 accept$ z h] successor4 ,miss ,f>r5's specialty 0 ! f9e & fa%ionable lady & h] big "p 0 ,lady ,t[nly4 ,%e 0 greatly admir$ 9 ! rles ( ,lady ,fanciful 9 ,! ,provok$ ,wife2 ,b]9?ia 9 ! ,trip to ,sc>bor\gh2 ,bel9da 9 ,all 9 ! ,wrong2 ,angelica 9 ,love = ,love2 ,elvira 9 ,! ,spani% ,fri> & also 9 ! ,%akesp]ian p>ts ( ,juliet & ,olivia 9 ,twelf? ,night4 ,?omas ,lawr5ce 0 born 9 ,bri/ol 9 #agfi & sp5t 8 e>ly ye>s 9 ,devizes1 :]e 8 fa!r 0 proprietor ( ! ,black ,be> ,inn4 ,v e>ly ! boy %[$ rem>kable tal5t = draw+ portraits 9 crayons4 ,he 0 s successful t he w5t to ,ba?1 took a /udio1 & began 8 rem>kable c>e] :i* rea*$ its climax :5 he became ! =emo/ portrait-pa9t] 9 ,engl&4 8,9 #aghg ! wi% ( ,lawr5ce's he>t 0 realiz$1 & we f9d ! "y pa9t]1 !n eighte51 e/abli%$ 9 rooms 9 :at 0 !n kn[n z ,leice/] ,fields--! pres5t ,leice/] ,squ>e4 ,he 0 accompani$ to ,london by 8 fa!r & on ! ?irte5? ( ,septemb] ( t ye> he 0 admitt$ z a /ud5t ( ! ,royal ,academy4 ,arm$ ) a lett] ( introduction f ,pr9ce ,ho>e1 "o ( ,lawr5ce's ,ba? patrons1 a memb] ( ! ,dilettanti ,society & ,secret>y = ,=eign ,correspond5ce to ! ,royal ,academy1 ,lawr5ce obta9$ an int]view ) ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 & z a specim5 ( 8 ability & arti/ic skill he took to ! ,presid5t an oil-portrait ( himself1 pa9t$ 9 #aghf4 ,he 0 k9dly receiv$ by ! c\rtly old ,sir ,jo%ua1 :o prais$ 8 "w & spoke mo/ enc\rag+ly to ! "y arti/4 8,y h be5 look+ at ! ,old ,ma/]s1 ,i see10 he said1 8b my advice is ?is3 ,/udy ,nature6 ,/udy ,nature60 ,?ree ye>s lat] ! "y arti/1 :o 0 extremely h&some & 8romantic0 9 appe>ance1 exhibit$ 8 picture ( ,miss ,f>r5 at ! ,royal ,academy1 :i* attract$ mu* att5tion4 ,9 #agia ,lawr5ce made a draw+ ( a mu* m beautiful subject1 ,emma1 ,lady ,hamilton1 f :i* a pr9t 0 engrav$4 8,hoppn] :o 0 t5 ye>s old] ?an ,lawr5ce10 writes ,"l ,ronald ,su!rl& ,g[]1 8_h be5 = "s "t ! favorite pa9t] ( ,george1 ,pr9ce ( ,wales1 ) ! result t half ! sm>t ladies ( ! t[n sat to him4 ,b ! ,k+1 :o all[$ ! ,que5's & ,pr9cess ,amelia's portraits to be pa9t$ by ,lawr5ce1 became s mu* int]e/$ 9 him1 t1 on ! dea? ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds 9 ,febru>y1 #agib1 he decid$ t ! "y pa9t]1 !n n tw5ty-?ree ye>s ( age & n yet a full memb] ( ! ,academy1 %\ld be appo9t$ to ! po/ ( ,pa9t]-9-,ord9>y1 an (fice t _h be5 fill$ by ! late ,presid5t4 #8,nev] p]haps1 9 ! c\ntry1' writes ,r$grave1 9 8 acc\nt ( ,lawr5ce1 #8_h a man s "y1 s un$ucat$1 s untri$ 9 8 art1 advanc$ z x 7 p] saltum to ! honors & emolum5ts ( ! pr(ession4' ,! ,k+'s favorite pa9t] 0 ! ,am]ican1 ,b5jam9 ,we/1 ,sir ,jo%ua's successor 9 ! ,presid5tial ,*air1 & ,w9dsor 0 fill$ ) 8 hi/orical pictures1 :i*1 al?\gh once valuable1 w\ld n n[ fet* ev5 a mode/ sum if !y 7 sold at ,*ri/ie's40 ,ab\t #agij ,lawr5ce remov$ to ,old ,bond ,/reet1 in/all+ himself 9 a h&some ap>tm5t ) 8 fri5d1 ,f>+ton1 z 8 secret>y4 ,lawr5ce tri$ to pa9t imag9>y & hi/orical pictures1 b x soon 0 evid5t t portraiture 0 8 =te4 ,! dea? ( ,opie 9 #ahjg & ( ,hoppn] 9 #ahaj1 left him )\t a rival4 ,on ! dea? ( ,b5jam9 ,we/ 9 #ahbj1 ,lawr5ce 0 unanim\sly elect$ ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,academy4 ,fuseli1 a little dissatisfi$1 exclaim$3 8,well6 well6 s9ce !y mu/ h a face-pa9t] to reign ov] !m1 let !m take ,lawr5ce2 he c at lea/ pa9t eyes60 ,! p]iod betwe5 #ahbj & #ahcj 7:5 ,lawr5ce di$7 is practically a 8,lawr5ce ,age40 ,sir ,?omas pa9t$ ev]ybody ( note f ,george ,,iv & ! ,duke ( ,well+ton to fa%ionable ladies ( no p>ticul> di/9ction save _! weal?4 ,8 full-l5g? portrait ( ,george ,,iv 9 8 ,coronation robes 0 s frequ5tly copi$ & giv5 by ! ,k+ to 8 fri5ds t ne>ly e ,royal ,collection 9 ,europe c %[ a replica4 ,! _s ( ! age 0 c]ta9ly express$ 9 ,lawr5ce's portraits4 ,we h only to look at su* portraits z ! ,c\ntess ( ,bless+ton 7,wallace ,gall]y71 ,lady ,peel 7,frick ,collection71 ,lady ,dov] & h] ,son1 & ,la ,du*esse de ,b]ri to realize h[ true ?is is4 ,^! ladies look z if !y _h /epp$ f ! pages ( ,ak]mann's ,repository4 ,x is always int]e/+ to le>n :at an arti/ has to say ab\t 8 own "w4 ,to ,mrs4 ,jameson1 ,lawr5ce wrote ! foll[+3 8,my ?\ghts h almo/ inv>iably be5 devot$ to ,sir ,jo%ua1 &1 g5]ally1 to ! ,italian ,s*ool--,raphael1 ,correggio1 ,titian1 ev5 ,p>migiano4 ,an admir] ( ! v f9e/ works ( ,van ,dyck1 & ackn[l$g+ ! consi/5t ability ( 8 p5cil1 ,i h be5 less 8 vot>y ?an1 p]haps1 hundr$s s9ce 8 "t1 ( di/+ui%$ ta/e & tal5t 7,ga9sbor\gh1 = in/ance71 to ^: judgm5t 9 o!r cases ,i %\ld ju/ly b5d4 ,rub5s has be5 inf9itely m ! object ( my admiration2 b1 z y "k1 pres5ts v little z example = portrait-pa9t+4 8,sir ,jo%ua cont9ues to be m & m my delight & my surprise4 ,rembr&t has ano!r & /ill high] place 9 my affection4 ,9 my m51 !n1 ,i h ?\ght ( bo?1 & ( ,titian & ( ,raphael1 z ! subjects approa*$ _! /yle4 ,9 wom51 ( ,sir ,jo%ua1 ,raphael1 ,p>migiano1 & ,correggio4 ,9 *ildr51 ( ,sir ,jo%ua & ! two latt]4 ,9 my portraits ( ,kemble & ( ,mrs4 ,siddons1 ( ! highe/ ,italian ,s*ool40 ,9 #ahbe ! ,k+ ( ,france gave ,lawr5ce ! ,cross ( ! ,legion d'honneur4 ,lawr5ce di$ 9 #ahcj1 unm>ri$1 a fa%ionable 8man ab\t t[n10 c\rt$1 admir$1 & n unlike ,"l ,byron1 9 "s respects4 ,"l ,g[] says3 8,t 8 fame und]w5t a m>k$ decl9e dur+ ! half-c5tury aft] 8 dea? 9 ?is c\ntry _c be d\bt$2 b )9 ! la/ few ye>s a reaction has set 91 :i* is t5d+ to place him aga9 9 ! =efront ( our greate/ portrait-pa9t]s4 8,bo? z a man & z an arti/ ,lawr5ce 0 impressionable1 & 9 8 "w 0 entirely influ5c$ by ! _s ( 8 p]iod1 a p]iod ( affectation t frequ5tly bord]$ ^u vulg>ity4 ,if ,lawr5ce's art 9 portraiture _h be5 g5ius in/ead ( tal5t ( ! highe/ ord]1 he w\ld h creat$ a public ta/e in/ead ( slavi%ly foll[+ t set by ! ,c\rt or ,society ( 8 day4 ,z x 01 8 "w 0 ! ultimate expression ( ! curta9 & column s*ool ( portraiture1 & 8 success set a fa%ion t 0 foll[$ = ye>s aft]w>ds by innum]able portrait-pa9t]s4 ,^!1 9 imitat+ ! /yle1 miss$ ! _s & p]ception by :i* ,lawr5ce1 trammell$ z he 0 by ! absurdities ( dress & conv5tionality ( attitude & surr\nd+s1 0 enabl$ to place ^u 8 canvases "s sugge/ion ( ! actual id5tity ( 8 sitt]s4 ,& x 0 n until ! adv5t ( ,george ,fr$]ick ,watts & ! late ,sir ,john ,ev]ett ,millais t ! effects ( ! imitation ( ! obvi\s po9ts ( ,lawr5ce's /yle f9ally disappe>$ f ,engli% portraiture4 8,lawr5ce's *ief defect 0 t he turn$ 8 art too mu* into a trade2 he w\ld h atta9$ a f> high] position _h he cont5t$ himself ) pa9t+ half ! p he did1 & 8 "n w\ld h /ood on a high] p9nacle 9 ! ,temple ( ,fame4 ,dur+ ! la/ tw5ty ye>s ( 8 life he pa9t$ b little m1 z a rule1 ?an ! face ( 8 sitt]1 ! re/ ( ! picture be+ complet$ by 8 pupils2 or r 8 assi/ants4 ,?is practice has1 ( c\rse1 less5$ ! value ( 8 portraits4 8,^! are grave fail+s2 b on ! o!r side1 8 great m]its are inconte/able & weigh ! scale 9 8 favor4 ,:]e1 except among ! v greate/ ( ^? ^: fame *iefly re/s on _! excell5ce 9 ! art ( portrait-pa9t+--su* giants z ,titian1 ,rub5s1 ,rembr&t1 ,velasquez1 & ,van ,dyck1 ,reynolds1 & ,ga9sbor\gh--c f9] "w be %[n !m ?an 9 su* a/oni%+ lik5esses z ^? ( ,lawr5ce :5 at 8 be/2 & ! ma/] mu/ be judg$ by 8 ma/]-works4 ,8 /yle1 :5 once he _h adopt$ x1 _h ! great m]it ( be+ a /yle ( its own1 ( mu* ref9em5t & excell5ce 9 draw+2 al?\gh 8 "w 01 p]haps1 too smoo? 9 te*nique & some:at affect$ 9 feel+4 ,8 pa9t+s h la/$1 :]eas ^? ( _m ( 8 contempor>ies are m]e wrecks & %ad[s ( _! =m] selves2 = he attempt$ no exp]im5ts 9 glaz+s & pigm5ts1 z 0 ,sir ,jo%ua's wont1 & 8 pictures are1 z a rule1 z fre% z :5 !y 7 pa9t$4 8,i believe x only fair to place him imm$iately b5ea? our ?ree greate/ portrait-pa9t]s1--t immortal trio1 ,reynolds1 ,ga9sbor\gh1 & ,romney3 at a "t :5 ,hoppn]1 ,opie1 & ,raeburn 7 all work+1 ?is is high praise40 ,,p9kie4 ,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce 7#agfi-ahcj74 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton4 ,?is radiant portrait is g5]ally consid]$ to be ,lawr5ce's ma/]piece4 ,h[ fre%1 h[ sweet1 h[ breezy x is6 8,p9kie0 /&s on a high hill ) a beautiful l[-ly+ l&scape ( wood$ hills spread+ out & undulat+ t[>ds ! di/ant horizon4 ,! sky is dappl$ ) swiftly mov+ cl\ds & ! morn+ breeze is bl[+ pretty fre%ly1 = ,p9kie's light g[n is rippl+ ) x & ! /r+s ( h] bonnet are flutt]+ & flapp+ r viol5tly4 ,^! ribbons are p9k1 mat*+ ! sa% :i* holds ! diaphan\s1 :ite g[n 9 place4 ,p9kie's eyes are br[n1 l>ge1 & lu/r\s & h] br[n hair is t\zl$ by ! w9d2 b %e looks at u s sweetly & brightly t we love h] at fir/ sight4 ,h[ da9tily h] little slipp]$ foot is plant$ on ! fl[]-spr9kl$ turf6 ,h] airy1 y\?ful1 bill[y figure sugge/s ! idea ( ,spr+ b5ea? ^: e foot/ep fl[]s in/antly appe> 9 full bloom4 ,illu/ration3 ,collection ( ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton ,,p9kie --,sir ,?omas ,lawr5ce ,h[ f> %e has come6 ,d we n see h] home 9 ! di/ance on ! "r1 encircl$ by a cresc5t ( leafy trees & ) a wide driveway ?r\gh ! cle>+8 8,p9kie's0 "n 0 ,s>ah ,m\lton-,b>rett1 & %e 0 ! only daught] ( ,*>les ,m\lton1 ,esq41 & 8 wife ,elizabe? ,b>rett ,m\lton4 ,p9kie 0 born ,m>* #bb1 #aghc1 & ! lovely *ild di$ at ! age ( twelve1 ! ye> 9 :i* ?is portrait 0 pa9t$4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ,p9kie 0 ! aunt ( ! fam\s poet1 ,mrs4 ,elizabe? ,b>rett ,br[n+1 :o 0 ! daught] ( ,p9kie's bro!r1 ,edw>d ,m\lton-,b>rett ( ,coxhoe ,hall1 ,durham1 & ,hope ,end1 ,h]e=d4 ,! portrait1 oils on canvas 7#eg #ci in*es71 0 pa9t$ 9 #agie & 0 =m]ly 9 ! ,collection ( ,octavius ,m\lton-,b>rett1 ,esq41 ,we/ov]1 ,calb\rne1 ,isle ( ,wight1 & !nce x pass$ to ! ,"r ,hon4 ,"l ,mi*elham1 ,k4 ,c4 ,v4 ,o41 ,london4 ,a mod]n critic raptur\sly expresses :at e "o feels on look+ at ?is en*ant+ picture3 8,if ev] canvas 0 in/9ct ) life1 ?is picture lives & brea!s4 ,if ev] ! vehicle ( oil pa9t spread on canvas has caught ! w9d z x bl[s1 ! light t dances 9 a mis*iev\s *ild's eyes1 ! brea? 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7,reynolds71 #chd ,"y1 ,col4 ,g4 ,f41 quot$1 #bj1 #ba1 #de-df1 #ef1 #eh1 #ei-fj ,"y ,girl 7,greuze71 #cjh ,"y ,girl ,read+ a ,lett] 7,greuze71 #cjf ,zeitblom1 ,b>?olomu1 #bcf ,zucc>o1 ,f$]igo1 #ccd1 #cce ,zurb>an1 ,francisco1 #beh ,,footnotes3 #a 8,! e>ly ,byzant9e ma/]s repres5t$ ! ,madonna's g>m5ts enri*$ ) l9es ( gold4 ,giotto & ! e>ly ,flor5t9e pa9t]s z a rule pref]r$ to sugge/ a pla9 mat]ial1 (t5 ( delicate color except :5 ! ,madonna 0 portray$ z ,que5 ( ,heav54 ,9 _! devotional pictures ! ,si5ese ma/]s us$ gorge\s gold & r$1 or :ite & gold fabrics4 ,"s ( ! ,giottes*i & p]haps ,g5tile da ,fabriano inh]it$ f ,si5a _! love ( repres5t+ spl5did textiles4 ,lat] color effects 7 made m ( a /udy & deep]1 ri*] tones appe>$2 b simple mat]ials 7 repres5t$ except among ! ,v5etians1 :o frequ5tly 9 _! pictures ( bo? sacr$ & pr(ane subjects pa9t$ elaborate1 ri*ly color$ fabrics4 ,?is cult ( spl5dor rea*$ its height 9 ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury "u ,paolo ,v]onese40--,m$ival & ,r5aissance ,pa9t+s 7,fogg ,art ,museum1 ,cambridge1 #aibg74 #b 8,! incid5t ( ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi is relat$ only 9 ! ,gospel ( ,sa9t ,mat!w1 & !re v briefly2 b _m leg5ds grew up ar\nd ! ,magi & ,k+s f ! ,ea/4 ,! numb] ( ! ,magi 0 at fir/ indet]m9ate1 b ab\t ! ,f\r? ,c5tury ! numb] ?ree became g5]al4 ,x 0 n until ! ,fif? & ,six? ,c5turies t ! ,magi became ,k+s & n until ! ,t5? ,c5tury 7 !y repres5t$ z cr[n$ ,k+s4 ,! ,magi 7 = ! fir/ "t pictur$ z ( diff]5t ages1 an old man1 a middle-ag$ man1 & a "y man1 9 an ,ea/]n manuscript dat+ f ab\t #eej4 ,dur+ ! ,middle ,ages ! exact age ( ea* 0 giv5--! elde/ 0 sixty1 ! y\nge/ tw5ty1 & ! o!r =ty ye>s old4 ,_! names1 ! ,lat9 =ms ( :i* 7 ,jasp>--lat] ,gasp>d--,bal?as>1 & ,mel*ior1 fir/ appe>$ 9 a ,greek ,six? ,c5tury manuscript4 ,a passage attribut$ to ,b$e1 quot$ 9 ,male's ,religi\s ,art 9 ,france1 ,?irte5? ,c5tury1 /ates t #8,mel*ior1 an old man ) long1 :ite hair & a long be>d1 (f]$ gold1 symbol ( ! div9e k+dom4 ,! second1 nam$ ,casp>1 "y & be>dless1 ) a ruddy c\nt5ance1 honor$ ,*ri/ 9 pres5t+ inc5se1 an (f]+ po9t+ to 8 div9ity4 ,! ?ird1 nam$ ,bal?as>1 ) a d>k sk9 & a full be>d1 te/ifi$ 9 8 (f]+ ( myrrh t ! ,son ( ,man mu/ die4' ,x 0 n until ! ,f\rte5? & ,fifte5? ,c5turies t arti/s repres5t$ ! ?ird ,k+ z a negro1 9 accordance ) ! tea*+s ( ! !ologians t ! ?ree ,k+s repres5t$ ! ?ree races ( mank9d com+ to r5d] homage to ! ,*ri/ ,*ild4 ,! subject ( ! ,adoration ( ! ,magi 0 a favorite "o ) arti/s1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury1 z x l5t itself to ! ri*e/ & mo/ elaborate treatm5t4 ,! e>ly leg5ds ass]t$ t ,/4 ,joseph did n appe>2 b 9 repres5tations dat+ f ! ,fifte5? ,c5tury he is almo/ inv>iably pres5t40--,m$ival & ,r5aissance ,pa9t+s 7,fogg ,art ,museum1 ,cambridge1 #aibg74 #c 8,! leg5d :i* makes ,/4 ,luke a pa9t] 0 ( ,ea/]n orig9 & 0 introduc$ into ! ,we/ at ! "t ( ! ,fir/ ,crusade4 ,!re may h be5 a ,greek pa9t] ( ,madonnas nam$ ,luca :om ! ,we/]n ,*ur* confus$ ) ! ,evangeli/1 b ! ,evangeli/ 0 always reg>d$ an au?ority on ! *>act]i/ics ( ! ,madonna4 ,8 ,gospel gives ! fulle/ acc\nt ( h]4 ,! subject ( ,/4 ,luke pa9t+ ! portrait ( ! ,madonna 0 frequ5tly treat$ 9 ! ,middle ,ages & 9 ! ,r5aissance48--,m$ival & ,r5aissance ,pa9t+s 7,fogg ,art ,museum1 ,cambridge1 #aibg74 #d 8,d\ble roses1 p9k or r$1 7 ! symbol ( div9e love & 7 consecrat$ to ! ,madonna4 ,"o ( h] titles 0 ! ,madonna della ,rosa1 d\btless bas$ on ! v]se 9 ! ,song ( ,solomon 7ii4 #a7--#8;,i am ! ,rose ( ,%>on & ! lily ( ! valleys'--= z e>ly z ! fir/ c5turies ! ,fa!rs ( ! ,*ur* appli$ to ! ,madonna ! imag]y ( ! ,canticles4 ,! tradition is t :5 ! roses 7 mass$ toge!r 9 g>l&s or baskets !y symboliz$ heav5ly joys4 ,! pa9t]s ( ,c5tral ,italy dur+ ! ,f\rte5? & ,fifte5? ,c5turies repres5t$ clu/]s ( lilies & roses 9 ! =egr\nd ( _! ,madonna pictures z votive (f]+s to h] ( sacr$ fl[]s4 ,(t5 angels pres5t b[ls ( fl[]s to h]4 8,myrtle 0 "o ( ! ,madonna's fl[]s & symboliz$ h] purity & o!r virtues4 ,! jasm9e1 ?\gh n /rictly a sacr$ fl[]1 is (t5 f\nd 9 religi\s pa9t+s--! />-%ap$ blossom app>5tly symboliz$ div9e hope or heav5ly joy4 ,x is (t5 f\nd ) roses & lilies beside ! ,madonna4 ,! c>nation _h no def9ite symbolic mean+1 b 0 frequ5tly us$ in/ead ( ! rose2 !n x _h ! same significance z ! rose1 ! symbol ( div9e love1 sacr$ to ! ,madonna4--,m$ival & ,r5aissance ,pa9t+s 7,fogg ,art ,museum1 ,cambridge1 #aibg74 #e 8,9 g5]al1 repres5tations ( ! ,annunciation be=e ! ,twelf? ,c5tury are r>e2 b aft] ! beg9n+ ( ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury !y become v frequ5t1 appe>+ some:]e on e alt>-piece--9 m$allions1 or quatrefoils above ! ma9 panels1 9 ! p9nacles1 or 9 ! pr$ella1 or pa9t$1 or c>v$ on ! outside ( ! %utt]s4 ,! subject 0 (t5 treat$ z a my/]y1 n z an actual sc5e4 ,g5]ally only ! ,virg9 & ,angel 7 repres5t$1 al?\gh x 0 n unusual to f9d o!r figures4 ,f ! end ( ! ,f\rte5? until ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury1 ,god ! ,fa!r is (t5 se5 9 ! sky & ! ,dove ( ! ,holy ,_s desc5ds f ,him to ! ,virg9 on rays ( light4 ,! ,virg9 0 repres5t$ seat$1 /&+1 ab\t to rise at ! approa* ( ! ,angel1 or kneel+4 ,gabriel 0 pictur$ /&+1 or kneel+1 be=e h]1 or j alight+ on ! e>?1 8 feet n yet t\*+ ! gr\nd4 ,9 ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury repres5tations1 notably 9 ! pa9t$ glass w9d[s1 ! ,virg9 & ! ,angel /& face to face2 lat] ! ,italian arti/s repres5t$ ! sc5e z tak+ place 9 an op5 loggia1 :ile ! ,flemi% arti/s pa9t$ ! ,virg9 9 m$itation 9 h] room :5 ! ,angel appe>$ to h]4 ,be=e ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury1 ,m>y 0 (t5 repres5t$ ) a basket ( wool1 or di/aff z1 accord+ to ! ,protevangelion1 %e cont9u$ to sp9 = ! ,temple aft] %e _h become affianc$ to ,joseph & 0 work+ :5 ! ,angel came4 ,gabriel be>s ! light /aff1 or sceptre1 ( a h]ald1 a scroll on :i* is inscrib$ 8 greet+1 an olive-bran*1 or a /alk ( lilies4 8,! lily probably 0 develop$ f a fl[] ) a long /alk :i* 0 introduc$ dur+ ! ,?irte5? ,c5tury appe>+ 9 glass-pa9t+ & m9iatures & signify+ spr+time1 #8! "t ( fl[]s1' :5 ! ,annunciation took place4 ,lat]1 lilies 7 us$ to symbolize ! purity ( ! ,virg9 & 7 plac$ 9 a j>1 or vase1 ne> h]1 or 7 c>ri$ by ! ,angel4 ,9 ,spa9 ! vase ( lilies 0 almo/ ess5tial to repres5tations ( ! ,annunciation & became ! special & di/+ui%+ attribute ( ! ,virg94 ,! ,spani% ,ord] ( ! ,lily ( ,aragon1 e/abli%$ by ,f]d9& ( ,ca/ile 9 commemoration ( a victory ov] ! ,moors 9 #adaj1 _h = its badge #8pots fill$ ) :ite lilies int]lac$ ) griff9s1 to :i* 0 p5d5t a m$al hav+ !reon an image ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y4' ,9 ,italy1 nei!r ! vase ( lilies nor ! /alk 0 consid]$ ess5tial 9 repres5tations ( ! ,annunciation1 al?\gh !y are ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,c]ta9 ( ! ,flor5t9e arti/s1 notably ,fra ,filippo ,lippi1 repres5t$ bo?4 ,ghirl&aio1 9 8 ,annunciation at ,san ,gimigniano1 plac$ a vase beside ! ,virg9's desk & comb9$ o!r fl[]s--roses1 daisies1 & jasm9e--) ! lilies4 ,! ,angel be>s ! lily-/alk4 8,x is int]e/+ to note t :ile 9 ! majority ( ,f\rte5?- & ,fifte5?-,c5tury ,annunciations ! ,ar*angel ,gabriel 0 repres5t$ be>+ a lily1 ! ,si5ese pa9t]s seldom us$ ?is fl[]1 pref]r+ ! olive-bran*1 always a favorite symbol ) !m4 ,9 ! ,annunciation x ref]r$ to ! ,*ri/ ,*ild z ! br+] ( peace on e>?4 ,"o int]pretation ( ! avoidance ( ! use ( ! lily by ,si5ese arti/s is t x 0 due to ! hatr$ ( ,si5a = ,flor5ce1 ! lily be+ ! fl[] ( ,flor5ce40--,m$ival & ,r5aissance ,pa9t+s 7,fogg ,art ,museum1 ,cambridge1 #aibg74 #f ,col4 ,g4 ,f4 ,"y1 ,! ,m$ici 7,london1 #aiaj74 #g ,julia ,c>twright1 ,! ,pa9t]s ( ,flor5ce 7,london1 #aiaf74 #h ,col4 ,g4 ,f4 ,"y1 ,! ,m$ici 7,london1 #aiji74 #i ,col4 ,g4 ,f4 ,"y1 ,! ,m$ici 7,london1 #aiji74 #aj 8,! pomegranate 9 ! h& ( ! ,*ild1 bur/+ op5 & %[+ ! se$s1 has be5 v>i\sly int]pret$4 ,x may be a symbol ( ! hope 9 et]nity1 :i* ! ,*ri/ gave to man1 signifi$ by ! unexpect$ sweetness ( ! fruit )9 ! h>d r9d4 ,9 ! writ+s ( ! e>ly ,fa!rs ! fruit is also int]pret$ z ! emblem ( congregations1 because ( its _m se$s1 or z ! emblem ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* because ( ! inn] unity ( c\ntless se$s 9 "o & ! same fruit40--,m$ival & ,r5aissance ,pa9t+ 7,fogg ,art ,museum1 ,cambridge1 #aibg74 #aa ,b]5son4 #ab 8,space composition diff]s f ord9>y composition 9 ! fir/ place mo/ obvi\sly 9 t x is n an arrangem5t to be judg$ z ext5d+ only lat]ally1 or up & d[n1 on a flat surface1 b z ext5d+ inw>ds 9 dep? z well4 ,x is composition 9 ?ree dim5sions & n 9 two1 9 ! cube1 n m]ely on ! surface4444 ,pa9t$ space composition op5s out ! space x frames 91 puts b\nd>ies only ideal to ! ro( ( heav54 ,all t x uses :e!r ! =ms ( ! natural l&scape1 or ( gr& ar*itecture1 or ev5 ( ! human figure1 x r$uces to be its m9i/rants 9 convey+ a s5se ( untrammell$1 b n *aotic1 spaci\sness4 ,9 su* pictures h[ freely "o brea!s1--z if a load _h j be5 lift$ f "o's brea/2 h[ refre%$1 h[ noble1 h[ pot5t "o feels2 aga91 h[ soo!d2 &1 /ill aga91 h[ waft$ =? to abodes ( f>-away bliss60 #ac ,julia ,c>twright1 ,beatrice d',e/e 7,london1 #aijh74 #ad ,julia ,c>twright1 ,beatrice d',e/e 7,london1 #aijh74 #ae ,b]yl de ,sl9c\rt1 ,v5ice 7,london1 #aijg74 #af 8,9 ! nor? ( ,italy g>l&s ( fruit took ! place ( votive fl[]s4 ,9 pictures ( ,flor5t9e orig91 :5 ! ,madonna holds a s+le rose1 %e is repres5t$ z ! ,madonna del ,fiore--,our ,lady ( ! ,fl[]--to :om ! ,ca!dral at ,flor5ce 0 d$icat$4 8,fruits 9 g5]al symboliz$ ! fruits ( ! _s1 or a votive (f]+1 or 7 (t5 us$ purely = decorative purposes4 ,! *]ries :i* ! ,angels (f] to ! ,*ild are ! fruit ( ,heav51 typify+ ! delights ( ! bless$4 ,9 a picture by ,meml+ 9 ! ,uffizi1 ! ,*ild holds 9 "o h& a clu/] ( *]ries--! fruit ( ,p>adise--:ile ) ! o!r ,he rea*es out = ! apple (f]$ ,him by an ,angel4 ,?is typifies ,8 rel9qui%m5t ( heav5ly joys & ,8 tak+ ^u ,himself ! s9 ( ! _w4 8,! apple & ! g\rd 7 (t5 pa9t$ toge!r by arti/s1 notably ,crivelli4 ,! use ( ! g\rd dates back to ! wall-pictures 9 ! catacombs1 :]e ,jonah 0 repres5t$ z ! type ( ! ,ris5 ,*ri/ & ! g\rd z ! symbol ( ! ,resurrection4 ,z ! apple 0 ! fruit ( ,ed5 :i* br\ght s9 into ! _w1 s ! g\rd repres5t$ ! ,resurrection :i* sav$ ! _w f ! consequ5ces ( its s94 ,9 e>ly pictures ! apple sometimes repres5ts ! fruit ( ,p>adise1 :i* ! ,k+ ( ,heav5 br+s d[n to e>? ) ,him4 ,9 g5]al1 h[ev]1 x is us$ z ! symbol ( ! s9 ( ! _w :i* ,*ri/ takes ^u ,himself40--,m$ival & ,r5aissance ,pa9t+s 7,fogg ,art ,museum1 ,cambridge1 #aibg74 #ag ,b]yl de ,sl9c\rt1 ,v5ice 7,london1 #aijg74 #ah ,x is int]e/+ to see t ,vas>i calls ,dr] a ,flem+6 #ai ,?is rem9ds u ( ! old ,nurs]y rhyme3 8,s+ a song ( sixp5ce1 ,a pocket full ( rye2 ,f\r-&-tw5ty blackbirds ,bak$ 9 a pie4 ,:5 ! pie 0 op5$1 ,! birds began to s+2 ,wasn't t a da9ty di% ,to set be=e ! ,k+80 ,und\bt$ly ?is j+le is an e*o ( ! jokes & 8pleasantries0 9 confection]y & pa/ry t 7 p]petrat$ by ! ,m$ival *efs4--,e4 ,s4 #bj ,?is 0 a fa%ion ( ! p]iod1 orig9at+ 9 ,italy 7see pages #ea1 #hf1 #ajc74 #ba 8,! introduction ( little angels s++ vigor\sly & play+ on musical in/rum5ts ab\t ! ,madonna's ?rone 0 a favorite motif ( ! ,umbrian ,boccatis4 ,inde$1 angel musicians 7 repres5t$ by arti/s ( all ,s*ools f ! ,twelf? to ! ,sev5te5? ,c5tury4 ,!y /& or kneel be=e ! ,madonna & ,*ild1 or--p>ticul>ly 9 ,v5etian & ,nor? ,italian pa9t+s--sit on ! /eps ( ! ?rone1 play+ on lutes1 h>ps1 viols1 m9iature organs1 bl[+ horns & trumpets1 /rik+ cymbals & triangles or beat+ drums & timbrels1 & s++ _! songs ( praise & adoration4 ,!y make a delightful note ( joy\sness 9 repres5tations ( ! ,madonna & ,*ild & are among ! happie/ creations ( pa9t]s & sculptors40--,m$ival & ,r5aissance ,pa9t+s 7,fogg ,art ,museum1 ,cambridge1 #aibg74 #bb ,= surprises 9 pa/ry1 see page #afj4 #bc ,/rawb]ry ,hill ,simeon _h n !n be5 discov]$4 #bd ,leslie & ,taylor1 ,life & ,times ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds 7,london #ahfe74 #be ,william ,smi? 7#agef-ahce7 0 a politician :o took a great int]e/ 9 lit]ature & art4 ,he 0 a fri5d ( ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 = ^: ,mrs4 ,siddons z ,! ,tragic ,muse he paid #cbj at ! ,calonne ,sale 9 #agie & sold x to ,mr4 ,g4 ,w4 ,taylor = #ijj4 ,at ! ,taylor ,sale 9 #ahbc ! picture co/ ,e>l ,grosv5or #a1hcg4 ,x pass$ rec5tly to ,am]ica along ) ,ga9sbor\gh's ,blue ,boy4 8,?is picture ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds valu$ at #ajjj gu9eas--a l>ge sum 9 8 day--b not)/&+ all ! encomiums pass$ ^u x1 ,! ,tragic ,muse rema9$ on 8 h&s = sev]al ye>s4 ,at l5g? x 0 pur*as$ f ! arti/ = #hjj by ,m4 de ,calonne1 ! ex-m9i/] ( f9ance 9 ,france4 8,:5 ,m4 de ,calonne's pictures 7 sold by ,sk9n] & ,dyke on ,m>* #bh1 #agie1 ,! ,tragic ,muse 0 b\ght by ,mr4 ,smi? ( ,norwi* = #gjj & ,mr4 ,smi? sold x privately to ,mr4 ,g4 ,watson ,taylor = #ijj4 ,at ! sale ( ,mr4 ,taylor's pictures 9 #ahbc x 0 pur*as$ by ,e>l ,grosv5or = #a1hcg-aj4 ,inh]it$ by ! ,dukes ( ,we/m9/]1 ,! ,tragic ,muse hung = _m ye>s 9 ,grosv5or ,h\se1 9 company ) ,ga9sbor\gh's ,blue ,boy until x 0 sold 9 #aiba to ! late ,mr4 ,h5ry ,e4 ,hunt+ton40 #bf ,william ,t4 ,:itley1 ,ga9sbor\gh 7,london1 #aiae74 #bg ,william ,t4 ,:itley1 ,ga9sbor\gh 7,london1 #aiae74 #bh ,william ,b4 ,b\lton1 ,ga9sbor\gh1 #aijg4 #bi ,m>ia's si/] ,l\isa _h m>ri$ ! ,hon4 & ,rev4 ,fr$]ick ,keppel1 second son ( ! ,e>l ( ,albem>le4 #cj ,m>ia's si/] :o m>ri$ ,lionel1 fif? ,e>l ( ,dys>t4 #ca ,"n = ev5+ dress4 #cb ,maurice ,w4 ,brockwell1 ,taft ,catalogue ( ,pa9t+s 7,new ,york1 #aibj74 #cc ,?omas ,ga9sbor\gh 7,london1 #aiae74 #cd ,! portrait ( ,h5rietta ,m>ia 7see page #aic7 is ano!r example4 #ce ,humphrey ,w>d4 #cf ,angelica ,kauffman1 ! fam\s pa9t]4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 #a4 ,obvi\s pr9t]s'1 punctuation & spell+ errors h be5 correct$ sil5tly4 #b4 ,"s hyph5at$ & non-hyph5at$ v]sions ( ! same words h be5 reta9$ z 9 ! orig9al4 #c4 ,sup]scripts are repres5t$ us+ ! c>et "*1 e4g4 ,dr4 or ,xxx4 #d4 ,italics are %[n z xxx4 #e4 ,bold pr9t is %[n z xxx4