,,transcrib]',s ,,note    ,italic text  
is d5ot$ by und]scores4    ,bold text is
 d5ot$ by equal signs4    ,footnote     
an*ors are d5ot$ by numb]1 & ! footnotes
 h be5  plac$ at ! end ( ! *apt]4    ,"s
 m9or *anges to ! text are not$ at ! end
 ( ! book4                              
,,! ,,g>d5 ,,y>d                        
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,f9e/ ,,suburban     
,,f>m ,,produce4                        
,,!                                     
,,g>d5 ,,y>d                            
,a ,,h&book ,,(                         
,,int5sive ,,f>m+                       
,,by                                    
,,bolton ,,hall            ,au?or (     
8,,?ree ,,acres ,,& ,,lib]ty10 8,a      
,,little ,,l& ,,& ,a                    
,,liv+10 8,,! ,,game ,,( ,,life10 8,,?+s
 ,,z ,,!y ,,are0                        
,) an ,introduction by                  
,n4 ,o4 ,,nelson                        
,revis$ by                              
,,h]b]t ,w4 ,,coll+wood                 
,presid5t & ,editor 8,rural ,new ,york]0

 &                                      
,,samuel ,,fras]                 ,manag]
 ,fall ,brooks ,f>m1 ,g5eseo1 ,n4 ,y4   
,,philadelphia                          
,,david ,mc,k,a,y1 ,,publi%]            
#faj ,s4 ,wa%+ton ,squ>e                
,,copyright1 #aiji1 ,,by ,,david ,,mckay
                                ,,:at   
,,is ,,9 ,,?is ,,book                   
,,& ,,:]e ,,to ,,f9d ,,x4               
,,cont5ts-,,index4                      
,,page      ,,preface                   
#i-ab      ,becom+ a g>d5]              
#i1 #aj1 #aa      ,int5sive ,f>m1 !     
#i1 #af      ,"s sorts ( critics        
#aj      ,,introduction                 
#ac-bj      ,a practical (f]            
#ad      ,co-op]ation                   
#ag-bj      ,f>m = no?+1 a              
#ae      ,h[ mu* l& is ne$$             
#ae      ,ob/acles--h[ to ov]come !m    
#ad      ,! only life                   
#ac      ,:at int5sive cultivation means
                                  #af   
,,*apt] ,i4--,,! ,,g>d5 ,,y>d           

#ba-bi      ,bra9 value                 
#bd      ,build+s y ne$                 
#bi      ,*oos+ y\r f>m                 
#bg      ,=tunes1 hidd5                 
#bb-be      ,h[ to gr[ ri*              
#bh1 #bi      ,l& & crops               
#bf      ,location = field crops        
#ba      ,location = g>d5 crops         
#ba      ,m>ket importance              
#bf      ,mi/akes & _! co/              
#bb      ,money1 9 :at                  
#bd      ,! value ( own]%ip             
#bh      ,unkn[n capacity               
#ba      ,"w n en\gh                    
#be      ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,soil          
#cj-da      ,an unusual use             
#ca      ,be/ soil1 !                   
#cf      ,failure y\r own fault         
#da      8,good0 soil                   
#cc      ,humus                         
#dj1 #gb1 #gc1 #gd1 #hf      ,moi/ure1  
h[ to get & hold x                      
#cd1 #cf      ,soil--,h[ x 0 made       
#cj1 #ca        8   ,its cont5ts        
#ca        8   ,texture                 

#cd        8   ,:at x is                
#cj      ,soils to avoid                
#cg      ,surface & subsoil             
#cb      ,tillage                       
#cg-dj      ,til?                       
#cf1 #cg      ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,soil    
,,f]tility                              
#db-dh      ,soil f]tility--:at x is    
#db      ,agricultural ,dep>tm5t's crop 
"w                           #df1 #dh   
,help x (f]s                            
#dh      ,limit$ crops                  
#df      ,nature & ! ab&on$ f>m         
#db1 #dc      ,se$s1 ,bob's solution    
#dc1 #de      ,types ( soil 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 
#df     ,:itney's 7,pr(47 idea          
#de      ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,location      
#di-ej      ,h[ to buy1 cle>1 build     
#di      ,l& y c't af=d to use          
#di      ,manure & wat]+                
#di1 #ej      ,m>ket                    
#ej      ,to f9d out :]e & h[           
#di      ,,*apt] ,v4--,,se$s            
#ea-ec      ,h\ses1 good se$            
#eb      ,ideal1 !                      

#ea      ,plant+ dates                  
#ec      ,se$ te/                       
#eb      ,use only ! be/                
#ea      ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,,plant ,,bre$+ 
#ed-ef      ,plant bre$+--:at x is      
#ed      ,good f>m]s & bre$+            
#ed      ,h[ to improve                 
#ed      ,pr(essional bre$]s            
#ed      ,selection & v>iations         
#ee      8,sports0                      
#ef      ,,*apt] ,,vii4--,,plant ,,ne$s 
#eg-fa      ,plant ne$s--:at !y are     
#eg      ,foods1 ?ree sure              
#eh      ,light1 degrees (              
#eg1 #eh      ,lime values              
#ei      ,m$ic9es                       
#ei      ,protectors                    
#fj1 #fa      ,temp]ature               
#ei      ,"u- & ov]-fe$+                
#eh      ,wat]1 effect (                
#eg      ,,*apt] ,,viii4--,,crop        
,,rotation                              
#fb-fe      ,f>m+ a bus9ess             
#fb      ,special crops                 
#fb      ,value ( rotation              

#fc1 #fd1 #fe1 #ha      ,,*apt]         
,,ix4--,,we$s                           
#ff-fh      ,we$s--h[ to "k !m          
#ff      ,common we$s                   
#ff         8    8   ,h[ to de/roy !m   
#fg         8    8   ,_! use            
#fh      ,,*apt] ,x4--,,insects ,,&     
,,diseases                              
#fi-ga      ,causes1 "s                 
#fi      ,h[ transmitt$                 
#gj      ,prev5tives                    
#gj      ,prev5t+ attacks               
#fi      ,! little we "k                
#fi      ,we$s z bre$]s                 
#ga      ,,*apt] ,,xi4--,,re-,,soil+    
#gb-gg      ,be/ way to d x             
#gc      ,clean+ up                     
#gd      ,h[ to pres]ve x               
#gf      ,lawn1 !                       
#ge      ,mislead+ t]m                  
#gb      ,prep>$ humus                  
#gd      ,success1 real                 
#gg      ,:at we really d               
#gb      ,,*apt] ,,xii4--,,h[ ,,to ,,"w 
#gh-hi      ,gr\p+                      

#hj      ,h[ to plant                   
#gi        8  8 run r[s                 
#hj      ,keep soil busy                
#hb      ,manur+                        
#gi      ,prep>+ ! plot                 
#gh      ,rotation                      
#ha      ,te/ = acid                    
#gh      ,transplant+                   
#ha      ,companion cropp+              
#hb      ,cell> gr[+                    
#hi      ,dra9age                       
#hb1 #hc      ,dr\ght1 protection aga9/ 
#hg      ,h[ we le>n                    
#hh      ,irrigation                    
#hb      ,sewage                        
#hf1 #hg      ,small area crops         
#hh      ,?+s t pay                     
#hh      ,tools1 keep+ !m clean         
#hd1 #he      ,use bra9s                
#hh      ,wa/e wat] value               
#hf        ,,"p ,,ii4      ,,*apt]      
,,xiii4--,,root ,,crops                 
#ij-aje      ,radi%es                   
#ia        ,culture                     
#ib        ,enemies                     

#ic        ,ne$s                        
#ic        ,v>ieties                    
#ic        ,:5 to s[                    
#ib      ,beets                         
#id        ,z gre5s                     
#ie        ,enemies                     
#if        ,f]tiliz]s1 special          
#if1 #ig        ,m>ket+                 
#ig        ,plant+                      
#ie        ,tillage                     
#if        ,:]e to gr[                  
#id        ,yield                       
#if      ,c>rots                        
#ig        ,h[ to s[                    
#ig        ,soil prep>ation             
#ig        ,?9n+                        
#ih        ,types                       
#ih        ,yield                       
#ii      ,turnips                       
#ii        ,easy to gr[                 
#ii        ,c[horn turnip               
#dd        ,h[ to plant                 
#ajj        ,root maggot                
#ajj        ,soil                       
#ii        ,?9n+                        

#ajj      ,p>snips                      
#ajj        ,cultivation                
#aja        ,fre$om f disease           
#ajb        ,s[+                        
#aja        ,?or\gh prep>ation          
#aja        ,yield                      
#ajb      ,salsify                      
#ajb        ,kit*5 use only             
#ajb        ,returns                    
#ajc        ,soil requirem5ts           
#ajb        ,types1 modifi$             
#ajb1 #ajc      ,horse-radi%            
#ajc        ,gr[n f 8sets0              
#ajc        ,h[ plant$                  
#ajd        ,tillage                    
#ajd        ,yield                      
#ajd      ,,*apt] ,,xiv4--,,tub] ,,crops
                                        
#ajf-aaj      ,potatoes                 
#ajf        ,e>ly potatoes              
#ajh        ,enemies & diseases         
#ajh        ,h[ to plant                
#ajg        ,se$1 potato                
#ajg        ,soils1 be/                 
#ajf        ,spray+                     

#ajh        ,yield1 av]age              
#ajf          8    good                 
#ajf          8    ph5om5al             
#bah-bbe          8    possible         
#ajf      ,sweet ,potatoes              
#aji        ,home (                     
#aji        ,climate                    
#aji        ,cultivation                
#aji1 #aaj        ,enemies              
#aaj        ,soil                       
#aji      ,,*apt] ,,xv4--,,bulb ,,crops 
#aaa-aah      ,h[ to propagate          
#aaa      ,ne$s1 _!                     
#aaa      ,se$-b$ crops                 
#aaa      ,leeks                        
#aaa        ,h[ gr[n                    
#aaa        ,product                    
#aaa        ,/orage                     
#aaa      ,cib\le                       
#aab      ,cives                        
#aab      ,g>lic                        
#aaa      ,%allot                       
#aab      ,onion1 ,wel%                 
#aab      ,onions                       
#aab        ,e>ly crop                  

#aad        ,enemies                    
#aah        ,f]tiliz+                   
#aac        ,gr[+                       
#aab        ,h&l+ & /or+                
#aaf        8,multipli]0 onions         
#aae        ,new onion culture          
#aae        ,season1 ma9                
#aad        ,sell+ onions               
#aag        8,sets0                     
#aad        ,sort+                      
#aag        8,top0-onions               
#aad        ,we$+                       
#aad        ,yields                     
#aah      ,,*apt] ,,xvi4--,,cole ,,crops
                                        
#aai-acc      ,mean+ ( "n               
#aai      ,:y gr[n                      
#aai      ,brussels ,spr\ts             
#abg        ,soil1 food & tillage ne$s  
#abg        ,successful gr[+            
#abh      ,cabbage                      
#aai        ,acre yield1 an             
#aba        ,crops1 two                 
#abj        ,ess5tials = gr[+           
#aai        ,f]tiliz+                   

#abj        ,field-gr[n                 
#aba        ,hot-b$ plants              
#aba        ,insects & diseases         
#abb        ,locality1 effect (         
#abb        ,m>ket+                     
#aba        ,plant+                     
#abc1 #abd        ,pr(its 9 cabbage     
#abc        ,protection f insects       
#abe        ,quick fir/ crop            
#abc        ,second crop                
#abe      ,caulifl[]                    
#abi        ,good se$ necess>y          
#abi        ,gr[+ se$                   
#acj        ,tillage1 "r                
#acj        ,:]e x gr[s be/             
#abi      ,kale                         
#abf        ,bett] = fro/               
#abf        ,coll>ds                    
#abg        ,cultivation                
#abf        ,enemies                    
#abg        ,h[ s[n                     
#abf        ,s\!rn kale                 
#abg      ,kohlrabi                     
#aca        ,be/ v>ieties               
#aca        ,h[ to ?9                   

#aca        ,insects1 diseases & cures  
#aca1 #acb1 #acc        ,its family     
#aca         8  uses                    
#aca      ,,*apt] ,,xvii4--,,pot-,,h]b  
,,crops                                 
#acd-adj      ,*>act]i/ics              
#acd      ,ne$s                         
#acd      ,:at !y are                   
#acd      ,*>d                          
#acg      ,d&elion                      
#ach        ,*>act]i/ics                
#ach        ,h>ve/+                     
#aci1 #adj        ,tillage              
#aci      ,mu/>d                        
#acg        ,:]e gr[n                   
#acg        ,soil requirem5ts           
#ach      ,purslane                     
#adj      ,sp9a*                        
#acd        ,=c$ sp9a*                  
#acf        ,h[ s[n                     
#acg        ,h[ to s[                   
#ace        ,new ,zeal& sp9a*           
#acf        ,:]e & :5 gr[n              
#acd      ,,*apt] ,,xviii4--,,salad     
,,crops                                 

#ada-afj      ,:at !y are               
#ada      ,:at !y ne$                   
#ada      ,cel]iac                      
#aei        ,h[ eat5                    
#aei        ,h[ to gr[                  
#aei        ,soil & tillage             
#aei        ,transplant+                
#aei      ,cel]y                        
#aej        ,blan*+                     
#aed1 #aee1 #aef        ,c>e 9 till+    
#aec1 #aed        ,diseases             
#aeh        ,e>ly & late crop           
#aec        ,f]tiliz+                   
#aec        ,h[ to s[                   
#aea        ,loss 9 spr\t+              
#aeb        ,m>ket+                     
#aeg        ,se$-b$ crop                
#aej        ,soil requirem5ts           
#aej        ,/or+                       
#aeg        ,?9n+                       
#aeb        ,transplant+                
#aeb        ,v>ieties                   
#aeh        ,:]e x gr[s be/             
#aej1 #aea      ,*icory                 
#ade        ,h[ to gr[                  

#ade        ,salad plant                
#ade        ,use ( *icory roots         
#adf      ,corn ,salad                  
#adh        ,cool-season crop           
#adh        ,h[ & :]e to plant          
#adh        ,yield                      
#adi      ,cress                        
#adf        ,h[ & :]e to gr[            
#adf1 #adg        ,h[ to plant          
#adh        ,v>ieties                   
#adf      ,endive                       
#add        ,blan*+                     
#add        ,h[ to s[                   
#add        ,season1 its                
#add        ,soil & tillage             
#add        ,use1 its                   
#ade      ,lettuce                      
#adb        ,companion-crop             
#adc        ,culture                    
#adb        ,gr[+ 9 ! op5               
#adc           8    "u glass            
#adc        ,nature                     
#adb        ,s[+ & ?9n+                 
#adc        ,succession-crop            
#adc        ,yield                      

#adc      ,p>sley                       
#adi        ,easy to gr[                
#adi        ,nature                     
#adi        ,uses                       
#adi      ,salad ,*]vil                 
#adi        ,culture                    
#aej        ,ready = use                
#aej        ,v>ieties                   
#aej      ,,*apt] ,,xix4--,,pulse       
,,crops                                 
#afa-agb      ,:at !y are               
#afa      ,:at !y ne$                   
#afa      ,beans                        
#aff-agb        ,bu% & pole beans       
#afi        ,enemies                    
#aga1 #agb        ,lima beans           
#afg1 #agj        ,ornam5tal uses       
#agj        ,plant+                     
#agj        ,prep>+ ! soil              
#afg        ,/r+ beans                  
#aff        ,:]e !y gr[                 
#aga        ,:]e & :5 to s[             
#aff      ,peas                         
#afa-aff        ,e>ly crops             
#afb        ,enemies                    

#afc1 #afe        ,pea values           
#afb1 #afc        ,plant+               
#afa        ,soil requirem5ts           
#afa        ,v>ieties                   
#afc      ,,*apt] ,,xx4--,,solanace\s   
,,crops                                 
#agc-ahb      ,crops includ$            
#agc      ,nature & requirem5ts         
#agc      ,eggplants                    
#agi1 #ahj        ,enemies              
#aha        ,h>ve/+                     
#ahj        ,m>ket+                     
#ahj        ,plant+                     
#agi        ,tillage                    
#ahj        ,transplant+                
#agi1 #ahj        ,treatm5t requir$     
#agi      ,husk ,tomato                 
#ahb      ,pepp]s                       
#aha        ,cultivation                
#aha        ,gr[? ( dem&                
#aha        ,/>t+                       
#aha        ,transplant+                
#aha        ,uses                       
#ahb        ,v>ieties                   
#ahb     ,tomatoes                      

#agc        ,cultivation                
#agd        ,f]tiliz+                   
#agd        ,h>ve/+                     
#agh        ,racks1 *eap                
#aff1 #afg        ,s[+ se$              
#agc        ,tillage                    
#agd        ,tra9+ & its value          
#age        ,v>ieties                   
#agi        ,:]e gr[n                   
#agc        ,yield                      
#agi      ,,*apt] ,,xxi4--,,v9e ,,or    
,,cucurbit\s ,,crops                    
#ahc-aia      ,:at !y are               
#ahc        8    8  ne$                 
#ahc      ,:y y fail                    
#ahc      ,h[ to succe$                 
#ahc      ,:5 & :]e to plant            
#ahd      ,enemies                      
#ahd      ,cucumb]s & ,gh]k9            
#ahe        ,plant+ 9 hills             
#ahe        ,uses                       
#ahf        ,v>ieties                   
#ahf        ,yield                      
#ahf      ,muskmelon                    
#ahf      ,enemies                      

#ahg        ,plant+                     
#ahg        ,v>ieties                   
#ahg        ,:]e gr[n                   
#ahg        ,yield                      
#ahg      ,pumpk9 & ,squa%              
#ahi        ,diff]5ces                  
#aij        ,enemies                    
#aia        ,uses                       
#aij        ,v>ieties                   
#aij-aia      ,wat]melon                
#ahg      ,cultivation                  
#ahh        ,enemies                    
#ahi        ,te/+                       
#ahi        ,unc]ta9 crop               
#ahg        ,:]e & h[ gr[n              
#ahh      ,,*apt] ,,xxii4--,,unclassifi$
 ,,annuals                              
#aib-aig      ,:at !y include           
#aib        8    8  ne$                 
#aib      ,m>tynia                      
#aig      ,okra or ,gumbo               
#aif        ,cultivation                
#aig        ,enemies                    
#aig        ,nature                     
#aif        ,uses                       

#aif        ,:]e & :y gr[n              
#aif      ,sweet ,corn                  
#aib        ,cultivation                
#aic1 #aid1 #aie        ,enemies        
#aif        ,important crop             
#aib        ,m>ket+                     
#aie        ,prep>ation = plant+        
#aic        ,:]e x ?rives               
#aib        ,yield                      
#aif      ,,*apt] ,,xxiii4--,,h]bs1     
,,sweet ,,& ,,condim5tal                
#aih-bjj      ,v>ieties                 
#aih      ,classes                      
#aih      ,gr[+                         
#aih1 #aii      ,annuals                
#aii      ,p]5nials                     
#bjj      ,,*apt] ,,xxiv4--,,p]5nial    
,,crops                                 
#bja-bae      ,:at !y are               
#bja        8    8  ne$                 
#bja      ,asp>agus                     
#bja        ,cultivation                
#bja        ,enemies                    
#bjf1 #bjg        ,gr[+ f se$           
#bjc        ,h>ve/+                     

#bjd        ,m>ket+                     
#bje        ,plant+                     
#bjb        ,soil requirem5ts           
#bja        ,tillage                    
#bjb        ,w9t] protection            
#bje        ,yield                      
#bjf      ,rhub>b                       
#bjh        ,cell> plots                
#baj        ,=c$ gr[?                   
#baj1 #baa        ,nature1 h>dy         
#bjh        ,new culture                
#bji        ,plant+                     
#bjh        ,pr(itable gr[+             
#bji        ,soil ne$s                  
#bjh        ,yield                      
#baa      ,docks & ,sorrels             
#baa        ,v>ieties                   
#baa      ,arti*oke                     
#bab        ,j]usalem & ,fr5* ,globe    
#bab        ,s[+                        
#bab        ,/ock fe$                   
#bac        ,uses                       
#bad        ,ways ( ! arti*oke          
#bac1 #bad        ,w9t] mul*            
#bac        ,yield                      

#bad      ,sea-kale                     
#bad        ,blan*+                     
#bae        ,c>e                        
#bae        ,h[ x gr[s                  
#bad      ,,*apt] ,,xxv4--,,specialities
                                        
#baf-bbf      ,asp>agus                 
#bah      ,cel]y                        
#bah      ,*e/nuts                      
#bag      ,mu%rooms                     
#bah      ,onions & potatoes            
#bah        #cjj bu%els to ! acre       
#bah1 #bbe      ,o!r specialties        
#bbf      ,specializ+ & pr(its          
#baf1 #bag      ,/rawb]ries             
#bbe      ,,*apt] ,,xxvi4--,,wat*+ ,,&  
,,spray+                                
#bbg-bcf      ,ars5ical sprays          
#bcc      ,bordeaux mixture1 :at x w d &
 h[ to make x        #bbi1 #bcj         
,emulsions                              
#bce      ,k]os5e emulsions             
#bcd      ,manufacture & use            
#bcd1 #bce      ,ne$ ( wat*+            
#bbg      ,p>is gre5                    

#bcb      ,spray+ z a rem$y             
#bbh      ,spray+ mixture               
#bbh1 #bce      ,uses                   
#bcb      ,value ( spray+1 !            
#bce      ,,*apt] ,,xxvii4--,,f]tiliz]s 
#bcg-bdi      ,be/ are *eape/           
#bda1 #bdb1 #bdc      ,c>e ( manure1 !  
#bdj      ,natural & *emical            
#bcg1 #bch      ,:at ea* conta9s        
#bch1 #bci      ,:at f]tiliz] is        
#bcg      ,wire basket1 soil ne$s te/   
#bdd1 #bdi      ,,*apt] ,,xxviii4--,,m  
,,ab\t ,,f]tiliz]s                      
#bej-beg      ,exp]im5ts %[1 :at        
#bej1 #bea      ,gr[+ crops & f]tiliz]s 
#bee      ,manure conta9s1 :at          
#beg      ,potassium1 ka9it1 wood a%es &
 lime                      #beb1 #bec   
,value ( 8*eck plats10 !                
#bec1 #bed      ,valuable elem5ts       
#bej      ,,*apt] ,,xxix4--,,root       
,,h\ses ,,& ,,vegetable ,,pits          
#beh-bei      ,h[ to build "o           
#beh1 #bei      ,uses1 _!               
#beh      ,v>ieties ( pits              

#bei      ,,*apt] ,,xxx4--,,small       
,,fruits                                
#bfj-bff      ,cultivation              
#bfb      ,currants & gooseb]ries       
#bfd        ,h[ to gr[ !m               
#bfd      ,enemies & _! rem$y           
#bfd1 #bfe      ,grapes                 
#bfe        ,h[ to gr[ !m               
#bfe1 #bff      ,gr[+ new plants        
#bfc      ,labor & yield                
#bfj      ,m>ket+                       
#bfb      ,plant+                       
#bfa      ,prep>+ ! soil                
#bfa      ,raspb]ries & blackb]ries     
#bfc        ,h[ to gr[ !m               
#bfd      ,/rawb]ry pat*1 !             
#bfj      ,,*apt] ,,xxxi4--,,! ,,p\ltry 
,,run                                   
#bfg-bgi      ,bran*es ( ! bus9ess      
#bgb      ,c>e & fe$                    
#bfi      ,c5tral hat*+                 
#bgc      ,cleanl9ess                   
#bfi      ,colony plan v]sus y>d$       
#bgd1 #bge      ,ef=t & pr(it           
#bgh      ,h[ to succe$                 

#bgi      ,importance ( incubation      
#bgc      ,incubator hat*+              
#bga      ,indian ,runn] ducks          
#bgg      ,int5sive h51 !               
#bfg      ,location ( h\se              
#bgj      ,mod]n h5-h\se1 a             
#bgj-bga      ,outdoor brood+           
#bga      ,pr(itable p\ltry             
#bfh      ,small companies              
#bfi      ,,*apt]                       
,,xxxii4--,,organization                
#bhj-bia      ,agricultural colleges &  
books                                   
#bha      ,new me?ods                   
#bhj      ,"w ( ! mon?s                 
#bhb-bia      ,,*apt] ,,xxxiii4--,a     
,,few ,,practical 8,,don',,ts0          
#bib-bih      ,deep pl[+                
#bib      ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture      
#bid      ,f>m]'s life1 !               
#bib      ,fe$ ! soil                   
#bie      ,mak+ se$s com=table          
#bib1 #bic      ,successful f>m]s       
#bif1 #big      ,tools & _! c>e         
#bie      ,,app5dix ,i4                 

#bii-cjj      ,isl& ( ,gu]nsey products 
#bii      ,,app5dix ,,ii4               
#cja-cjf      ,fr5* ,g>d5+1 etc4        
#cja      ,,app5dix ,,iii4              
#cjg-cag      ,mayl&s ,g>d5+ ,cu/oms    
#cjg      ,,app5dix ,,iv4               
#cah-cba      ,agricultural ,c\rses     
#cah                                    
,,preface4      ,an int5sive f>m is only
 an enl>g$ g>d5 pat*4    ,?is book is n 
int5d$ z a sci5tific book on            
agriculture2 !re  are _m su* books :i*  
are out ( ! dep?s ( ev]yone except      
pr(essors & pr(essionals4 ,9 a nice     
exp]im5t /ation1 nice  exp]im5ts &      
sci5tific calculations are excell5t2 b  
,i want to  give ! pla9 man or woman :o 
has a back y>d or back lot1 out (  :i*  
he might make "p ( a liv+ or m ?an a    
liv+1 a book t  w %[ h[ to d x4    ,i   
want to help ! man or woman :o has to d 
! cultivation at odd  times & :o f9ds x 
h>d to get ! "t = ! "w1 ev5 ?\gh  ?is "w
 enables him to d f> m "w ( o!r k9ds4 ,i
 h _h  all sorts ( exp]i5ce ) g>d5+1 9  

spite ( telegrams &  p :o want 8j five  
m9utes = "s important bus9ess40 ,s if  y
 h ! same tr\ble gett+ ! "t1 d n let t  
disc\rage  y4 ,we c get heal?1 happ9ess 
& "s pr(it 9 spite ( !  int]ruptions4   
,x won't be en\gh simply to read ?is    
book2 t won't make y a  g>d5]2 b if y   
/udy x :ile y are work+ on ! l& &  use  
y\r judgm5t & common s5se1 9 "o season y
 w be able to  tea* mo/ ( ^? :om y n[ h 
to hire z exp]t ,g>d5]s at  ,?ree       
,doll>s a ,day4    ,if anybody sne]s at 
y\r g>d5+ z be+ 8book f>m+10 let him    
sne]2 a fool nev] und]/&s :at a wise man
 is do+3 if he did1  he w\ld d x        
himself4 ,y h "h ! pla91 simple1        
practical  facts )\t sci5tific t]ms--j !
 ord9>y g>d5 talk4 ,!re  are pl5ty ( ?+s
 y w n f9d 9 ?is book4 ,y won't f9d     
analyses ( f]tiliz]s1 nor h[ to gr[     
8pomatoes10 or any?+ else  t won't sell 
:5 y h gr[n x4 ,nor w y f9d fairy /ories
  ( p\ltry pr(its t make ! goose's gold5
 eggs look l ?irty  c5ts4 ,!re is a use 
= all t sort ( ?+--x ar\ses int]e/  &   

/imulates ! imag9ation4 ,b y w probably 
be cont5t to  be a good1 practical1     
e-day g>d5] :o c make ?+s gr[ &  kn[s   
:at to d ) !m aft] !y h gr[n4    ,"s    
critics1 :o w n read ?is book1 w sagely 
rem>k t su*  books z ,mr4 ,hall's are   
dang]\s1 because !y induce inexp]i5c$   
p]sons to sell out & lose _! money try+ 
to get ,lib]ty on ,?ree  ,acres or a    
,liv+ f a ,little ,l&4 ,to repeat = su* 
p my  cautions & advice to le>n         
navigation be=e buy+ y\r %ip1 is to  bl[
 aga9/ ! ,nor? w9d4    ,if y h skipp$ ! 
=ego+1 j skip aga91 back to x4 ,y  w see
 t ,i h promis$ to use no sci5tific     
t]ms4 ,?is book  w be read by m pla9 p  
?an by sci5ti/s1 & s ,i h  aim$ to talk 
j z ,i w\ld if ,i 7 try+ to tea* y h[ to
  raise lettuce--or r try+ to tea* y to 
le>n = y\rself h[  to raise lettuce4 ,= 
we _c tea* anyone any?+1 we c only give 
him ! opportunity ( le>n+4 ,s if !      
exp]im5tal agriculturi/  ?9ks t a good  
deal has be5 left out t might h be5 put 
91  ,i hope he w rememb] t ,i h _h to   

pick f a measureless  field1 & by try+  
to cr[d 9 too mu* ,i might easily       
confuse !  less exp]i5c$ & make x h>d = 
him to le>n4    ,& yet no "o ne$ ?9k t  
by read+ a book or any numb] ( books  he
 c be made a g>d5]4 ,t is done by "w (  
head & h&s on  ! soil2 & ! be/          
prep>ation = a really sci5tific use (   
y\r  own l&1 is to hire y\rself out = a 
:ile to a m>ket g>d5] &  get !          
practical1 e-day exp]i5ce4    ,y might z
 well expect to le>n writ+ )\t us+ a p5 
z  g>d5+ )\t us+ a bit ( l&4 ,y w make  
"s mi/akes &  lose "s crops1 b ,i c %[ y
 h[ to pr(it by mi/akes & to  lose v    
little by losses4    ,if y don't und]/& 
! directions1 t is my fault3 ,i %\ld be 
able to make x cle> to ev]yone4 ,s j    
write me 7a p5cil & a  po/al c>d w d7 & 
,i w tell y :at y want to "k1 if ,i  "k 
x myself or c f9d out4                  
,,bolton ,,hall4      #ef ,,p9e ,,/41   
,,new ,,york ,,city4                    
,,introduction4      ,a f>m is ! only   
prop] home4 ,work+ = y\rself is ! only  

true  indep5d5ce4 ,labor on ! l& 9 ! op5
 gives heal? & long life4  ,raise a liv+
 & sell ! surplus4 ,"w all ! "t1 b don't
  ov]work4 ,make faces at ! cynic :o    
says ! f>m] & 8 wife &  *ildr5 "w fifte5
 h\rs a day & !n />ve4 ,x isn't s4 ,"w  
alone is n f>m+2 y mu/ manage4 ,f>m+    
ne$s intellig5ce &  c>e1 no?+ m s4      
,ev]y:]e y see good f>m-homes & poor    
ones2 ! diff]5ce is 9 ! f>m]4 ,:at !    
good f>m]s d1 all  c d4    ,9 ?is book1 
! au?or tells h[ to lay out ! l&1 h[ to 
prep>e  & plant & h>ve/1 & h[ to make   
life joy\s4 ,he has boil$ d[n  !        
exp]i5ce ( himself & 8 fri5ds & !       
in=mation conta9$  9 bullet9s & books & 
catalogs4 ,a cobbl] or cl]k or typo1 c  
take ?is book & ) 8 t5nis-made muscle & 
8 trade accuracy  c make a b>e liv+ !   
fir/ ye>1 a good liv+ ! second1 &  />t a
 bank acc\nt ! ?ird4 ,i "k x because ,i 
help$ d x 9 my  y\? & ,i h se5 x done   
all my life4    ,"o ( ! ob/acles 9 ! way
 ( t[n families go+ to ! c\ntry  is     
sep>ation f fri5ds & go+ among /rang]s4 

,ano!r is !  consci\s ignorance ( ! "w &
 a s5se ( helplessness4 ,^! are  real & 
valid difficulties4 ,!y are equival5t to
 ! difficulties  besett+ a ,g]man or    
,norwegian f>m] com+ alone into an      
,am]ican  community 9 a new /ate4 ,!    
hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ,european f>m]s  :o   
came to ! /ates e ye> f ! =ties to ! end
 ( !  eighties ov]came ?is difficulty by
 organiz+ colonies ( fri5ds &  neighbors
 & settl+ 9 "o spot4 ,!y ?us _h society 
& !y _h  ! b5efit ( _! be/ lead]s4 ,!n  
_! old fri5ds kept com+  9 small]       
squads4 ,?is is ! way = t[n p to d4 ,f9d
 six  or t5 or a doz5 & g toge!r4 ,ev5  
if all are n relatives or  fri5ds !y may
 be ( ! same class or trade4    ,to any 
su* colony ,i w furni% ! money to pay = 
all ! l&  !y ne$ & let !m beg9 pay+ !   
co/ price ( x at ! end  ( five ye>s &   
f9i% 9 t51 ) #d p] c5t4 int]e/4 ,!y may 
pick ! tract & b>ga9 = ! price4 ,^u _!  
%[+ t !  agre$ numb] are ready to g &   
are able to make ! improvem5ts &        
provide ! work+ equipm5t1 ,i w advance !

 money to pay = !  l&4 ,!y c divide x up
 to suit !mselves4    ,i h furni%$ f>ms 
already pl[$1 f5c$ & h\s$1 & horse  & c[
 free ( *>ge4 ,b ^! empty-h&$ folk1 :o h
 sav$  no?+ out ( _! =m] occupation1    
lack ! qualities to manage  = !mselves &
 to succe$ at f>m+4 ,!y are too helpless
 &  dep5d5t4 ,_! be/ plan is to hire out
 9 ! c\ntry until !y  le>n f>m "w &     
life1 !n r5t a piece ( l&1 & !n buy4    
,h[ mu* l& %all ea* "o h1 h[ mu* c he   
prop]ly cultivate8  ,t dep5ds on :at he 
raises1 & ?is gov]ns 8 location & !     
price ( ! l&4 ,) pres5t me?ods1 he w ne$
 #bj acres if  he keeps a dairy ( t5    
c[s2 or1 #aj acres if he raises         
vegetables1  small fruit1 p\ltry & milk2
 or1 f\r acres is en\gh = truck  & a    
horse & c[1 :ile "o acre is en\gh if he 
raises only  cel]y1 asp>agus or         
tomatoes4 ,! price ( l& is influ5c$ by  
social conditions1 speculation1         
proximity to & quality ( m>ket  &       
agricultural adaptability1 all ! way f  
#e4jj an acre to  #bej4jj4 ,!re is pl5ty

 ( x n above ! value ( ! public &       
private improvem5ts4 ,x is useless to   
buy a f>m ( #afj acres =  "o family4 ,!y
 _c "w x1 x is a dead exp5se1 !y w\ld be
  lonesome1 w\ld />ve & quit4 ,b a      
colony1 settl+ z neighbors  on well-*os5
 l& = :i* !y pay only :5 !y h _h "t to  
e>n x1 w h e opportunity to succe$4     
,only 9 r>e cases w\ld ,i advise t[n    
dwell]s to g s+ly to  ! c\ntry2 !y are  
disqualifi$ by _! social & indu/rial    
habits4 ,a colony ( fri5ds or           
,co-op]ative ,associations ov]come !    
difficulties & d 9 fact assure success  
to any "o possess$ (  indu/ry &         
frugality4    ,by int5sive cultivation  
is meant1 n any p>ticul> k9d ( product1 
b f>m+ ! l& ?or\ghly1 gett+ ! be/ yield 
& ! be/  quality out ( e acre1 ! be/    
se$s & ! be/ bre$s & !  be/ way (       
dispos+ ( ! crop :5 y get x4 ,! f>m or  
g>d5  may be 9 ! vegetable or small     
fruit or corn & hay or dairy+  section4 
,9 ei!r case1 y c cultivate x           
int5sively1 :i* is  ?or\ghly4    ,! book

 w tell y 9 ,a1 ,b1 ,c /yle h[ to f>m4  
,i am ask$ to tell  :at to d ) ! crop   
aft] y h rais$ x1 h[ to buy :at y  don't
 raise1 & h[ to make social sub/itutes =
 ! city cr[ds &  sights4    ,associate6 
,co-op]ate6    ,y may n "k x1 b ! _w is 
turn+ f private trade to  co-op]ation at
 a fa/ rate4 ,9 "s c\ntries mo/ ( !     
f>m]s d  all _! bus9ess by co-op]ation4 
,co-op]ation is simple & sure & safe1 :5
 en\gh p want x  & are %[n h[4    ,i h  
practic$ co-op]ation 9 my bus9ess =     
tw5ty-?ree ye>s4  ,i h be5 intimate ) x 
! _w ov] = tw5ty-five ye>s4 ,i  h se5 x 
gr[ & gr[ until x numb]s its millions ( 
work]s 9  "s c\ntries1 & is d\bl+ e five
 ye>s 9 _m c\ntries &  /ates4 ,?\gh ,i  
am a manufactur]1 my *ief occupation is 
to prea*  & tea* co-op]ation to         
f>m]s--at my own exp5se4    ,co-op]ative
 cream]ies h *ang$ ,m9nesota f a decl9+ 
:eat  /ate to a ri* dairy /ate4         
,co-op]ation has sav$ ! ,cali=nia       
orange gr[] f bankruptcy & made him     
prosp]\s2 x has rais$  ,d5m>k's exports 

( butt]1 eggs & bacon f eighte5 to      
eighty  millions a ye>1 & x has almo/   
cut (f our supply ( policem5  &         
politicians f ,irel&1 because ov] a ?\s&
 co-op]ative  associations h gr[n up !re
 9 tw5ty ye>s4    ,aft] y h und]tak5 :at
 ?is book tells y all ab\t1 y want  to  
c\nt on =m+ co-op]ative associations )  
y\r neighbors to  d all ! bus9ess t y h4
 ,y raise y\r own crop2 b pack  x1 %ip x
 & sell x ?r\gh y\r association4 ,y use 
b\ght goods1  b buy !m all ?r\gh !      
association4 ,t gives y a sav+  9       
exp5ses1 a sav+ 9 price1 & a bett]      
quality4 ,:at is /ill  m1 x makes bett] 
neighbors ( y1 & rids y entirely ( !    
demoraliz+ tricks ( ! trade1 & prev5ts y
 figur+ h[ to get  ! be/ trade out ( !  
o!r fell[4 ,y are y\rself 8! o!r        
fell[40 ,9 ! co-op]ative way1 y\r int]e/
 lies 9 produc+ !  be/ /uff1 :i* w      
gradually improve y\r motives4          
,co-op]ation  fits any sort ( bus9ess1  
if !re is en\gh ( x4    ,"o hundr$ &    
fifty c[s are ne$$ to />t a *eese       

factory1 #bej  = a milk %ipp+           
association1 #ejj = a butt] cream]y2    
few] ?an  ^! d n pay4    ,= co-op]ation 
9 rais+ vegetables & small fruits1 no   
fix$  quantity ( product is requir$2 two
 or m p]sons work+ toge!r  is bett] ?an 
ea* = himself4    ,talk x up z neighbors
 & !n hold a meet+4 ,let all :o want to 
jo91 sign an agreem5t to deliv] all _!  
truck to ! association  & pay a memb]%ip
 fee ( #e4jj or ov]4 ,ea* memb] %\ld h  
an equal voice reg>dless ( 8 acreage4   
,organize1 ei!r z a  corporation or a   
limit$ p>tn]%ip4 ,elect ! be/ qualifi$  
m5 to  be (fic]s1 & !n give !m          
unqualifi$ support4 ,select a manag]  & 
see to ! m>ket+ arrangem5ts4 ,if !      
quantity rais$ is l>ge  en\gh1 x is be/ 
to h y\r own receiv+ & sell+ ag5t 9  !  
pr9cipal m>ket4 ,e memb] mu/ make a     
legal contract )  ! association to      
submit to its rules ab\t condition1     
pack+ &  deliv]+1 to apply to 8 entire  
crop4 ,good quality1 reliable pack+  &  
regul> supply are ess5tial to good      

prices4    ,! manag] or inspector mu/ h 
full au?ority4 ,ea* memb]'s  deliv]y is 
grad$1 weigh$1 measur$ or c\nt$ &       
accurately  record$4 ,once a mon? !     
acc\nt f ea* grade is made up1 & !      
proce$s1 aft] pay+ exp5ses1 are paid    
ov]4    ,! manag] %\ld be an exp]i5c$   
truck]1 compet5t to in/ruct &  advise   
ab\t ! "w ( plant+1 gr[+ & ga!r+4 ,!    
gr[]s  meet ea* o!r at ! /ation1 &      
comp>e notes4 ,!y all le>n :at  is kn[n 
by ! mo/ exp]t among !m4 ,!y c arrange  
to h "o  man ga!r up ! crops f sev]al   
places & make "o load to !  pack+-h\se1 
tak+ turn ab\t 9 ?is s]vice4 ,small or  
poor gr[]s  may be admitt$ ) a nom9al   
paym5t1 ev5 z l[ z #be c5ts1 !  rema9d] 
to be paid by a #e p] c5t4 d$uction f 8 
proce$s4    ,! association & managem5t c
 also fill ! assembl$ ord]s (  memb]s = 
f]tiliz]1 se$1 implem5ts & pack+        
mat]ial1 at  :olesale prices4 ,9 "t y w 
make y\r own boxes1 erect a cann]y  = ! 
surplus & ev5 buy y\r own groc]ies      
co-op]atively4    ,y c =m a cr$it       

society ) unlimit$ liability1 to receive
  on deposit ! memb]s' surplus & borr[ f
 ! city4 ,t money  is l5t1 = productive 
uses only1 to memb]s ( kn[n ability &   
hone/y1 :o give two simil> memb]s z     
security4    ,:5 y get safely />t$ 9 "o 
k9d ( co-op]ative association1  y w     
easily g to ! next1 z ! ,danes & ! ,iri%
 h done4      ,,/4 ,,l\is1 ,,mo4        
,n4 ,o4 ,,nelson4                       
,,*apt] ,i4                             
,,! ,,g>d5 ,,y>d      ,no man kn[s1 nor 
c "k1 ! capacity ( a y>d ( e>?1 = x is  
unlimit$1 j z ! spe$ ( ! eng9e is       
unlimit$4 ,j z )  ! eng9e1 ! only "q is 
:e!r x w\ld pay to make x d any  m--x   
may co/ too mu*4 ,:]e l& is *eap1 labor 
is high2 !re  intellig5t cultivation w  
pay1 b int5sive cultivation w n4  ,t is 
! place :]e ! field crops %\ld be rais$4
    ,b ! g>d5 crops %\ld be rais$ "r    
r\nd ! t[ns & cities  & x is fooli% to  
get to a di/ance f !m4 ,/ay "r :]e y    
are & get ! piece ( l& t is be/ = y\r   
purpose2 buy x1 if  y c )\t pay+ too mu*

 = x2 if n1 r5t x = z long a  t]m z y c2
 or get p]mission to use ! bit ( l&1 !  
vacant  lots--!re are pl5ty ev5 9 ! mo/ 
cr[d$ cities--& raise y\r  truck & y\r  
income on ^? lots4 ,)\t sep>at+ y\rself 
f  y\r acqua9tances or exil+ y\r wife & 
*ildr51 le>n to get y\r  liv+ out ( !   
e>?4    ,suppose t a man owns 8 h\se1   
ev5 if x be b a bit ( a  bungal[1 &     
suppose he has a little bit ( l& on :i* 
he c  raise ! mo/ ( :at ! family eats2  
he may h to "w h>d1  especially if 8    
family _c help 9 ! "w1 b at lea/ he is  
indep5d5t2 at lea/ panics1 lock-outs1   
*ange ( circum/ances or  ev5 loss (     
heal? w n r$uce him to />vation4    ,if 
y h a f>m1 ,int5sive ,cultivation %\ld  
int]e/ y all !  m4 ,e f>m is full (     
opportunities to make good money2 b y   
mu/ n make ! usual mi/ake ( half work+ a
 big piece ( l&2  t means t y w always  
be ov]work$1 always h a lot (  ?+s t y  
"k ought to be done1 b _c f9d "t to d2  
always h common grade crops t br+ common
 prices4 ,ev]yone t  is ov]work$ is     

und]paid1 = he _c d 8 be/ "w4    ,use ! 
big fields = pa/ure1 or = rais+ f9e     
horses1 or = pigs  or ,angora goats or  
ev5 = %eep2 y _h bett] let ! fields run 
wild r ?an half cultivate !m4    ,keep  
acc\nts & wat* y\r *ance to sell all !  
l& t does n  pay well4 ,x may be t y are
 miss+ a =tune 9 ! old neglect$  or*>d1 
or 9 ! *e/nut or hickory grove4 ,! black
 walnuts or  butt]nuts1 t are usually   
left = ! neighbors' boys1 may be !  mo/ 
pr(itable "p ( ! f>m4    ,! wood-lot may
 h possibilities = b>rel hoops1 :i* may 
be sold  to ! improvem5t ( ! timb]4 ,x  
may ne$ only ?9n+ to br+  y a /eady     
income :ile x increases 9 value4    ,f9e
 apples graft$ on ! old trees t n[ be>  
only cid] apples1  if prop]ly spray$ &  
?9n$ s z to give fir/-class fruit1 may  
sell = m ?an all ! corn y c raise4#a    
,! 8pesky bri]s0 t ! f>m] /ruggles ) ye>
 by ye>1  may be ! raspb]ries &         
blackb]ries t w sell readily =  good    
prices1 :5 !y are cultivat$1 to ! summ] 
resid5ts or  bo>d+-h\ses4 ,y\r exposure 

& soil may be j ! place = !  f9e        
/rawb]ries ) :i*1 :5 nicely sep>at$ f ! 
second &  ?ird grades1 no m>ket is ev]  
ov]/ock$4    ,b if y are always beh9d ) 
! "w & always %ort ( ca% or  worri$ to  
pull ?r\gh1 y h no "t to ?9k ( ^! ?+s & 
no means to hire labor nor to develop   
!m4    ,t pond may be ne$$1 if x 7 cle>$
 out1 = a pr(itable  ice supply1 furni%+
 pay+ "w 9 ! w9t]4 ,! /ream may be  a   
valuable wat]-p[] or at lea/ may br+ a  
high-pric$ crop  ( wat]-cress2 or x may 
be ! v wat] ne$$1 :5 prop]ly  di/ribut$1
 to make y\rs ! mo/ f]tile l& 9 ! c\nty4
 ,!  bit ( swamp l&1 t raises no?+ b    
mosquitoes1 may ne$ only a  few doll>s' 
wor? ( cranb]ry sets to be ! be/ pay+   
acre 9 !  c\ntry side4    ,!re may be a 
v]itable gold m9e 9 a neglect$ qu>ry1 or
 brick-clay  pit1 or kaol9 clay deposit1
 or 9 a s& bank1 or a ve9 ( m>l4        
,possibly y c\ld r5t ! f>m h\se or let  
camp+ sites = !  summ] to p :o w\ld pay 
city prices = mu* ( y\r /uff2 s  t y    
c\ld af=d to keep help en\gh to leave   

only ! easy "w  ( sup]9t5d5ce = y4      
,bra9s save m "w ?an ma*9es4    ,if y   
are rais+ ! same crops t y\r neighbors  
d1 h>ve/+ at  ! same "t1 & gett+ ! same 
prices t ev]yone else does1 y  may be   
sure t y are neglect+ y\r *ances4    ,! 
money is 9 f9d+ ?+s to raise t w sell1 &
 t d n  h to compete ) all ! o!rs4      
,says ! ,f>m ,j\rnal3 8,f>m]s ne$ m "t  
to plan _! "w  & look aft] ! bus9ess &  
economic end ( _! call+4 ,!  employ] :o 
makes a full h& 9 b>n & field f #e ,a4  
,m4 till #h ,p4  ,m41 has no o!r "t to  
devote to ! real bus9ess ( ! f>m ?an  ! 
h\rs 9 :i* ,nature imp]atively calls ^u 
him to re/1 & a  man ) a*+ muscles &    
tir$ limbs is n 9 condition to ?9k      
cle>ly or plan intellig5tly4 ,x is poor 
economy = a f>m] to take  ! place ( a   
doll>-a-day man 9 ! field1 :5 9 s do+ he
 has  left no leisure 9 :i* to "w out ! 
details ( 8 op]ations40    ,?9k--?9k--x 
is true t we ourselves mu/ "w ) ! m5 if 
we  are to get ! be/ "w out ( !m2 !re is
 a big diff]5ce betwe5  say+ 8,g1 d t10 

& 8,come & let u d ?is40 ,b x is n      
en\gh to "w2 any jackass c d t4    ,y "k
 ! old fable3 8,a f>m] got 8 :eels /uck 
fa/ 9 a miry  road4 ,! man knelt d[n 9 !
 mud cry+ to ,h]cules to come & help    
him4 ,said ,h]cules1 8,get up & put y\r 
%\ld] to ! :eel1 ,i help  only ^? :o    
help !mselves60    7,!re is a new "p to 
t fable7--,n[ ! mire 0 v deep & ev5     
,h]cules' help 0 n en\gh2 s he call$ on 
,pallas1 ! ,goddess (  ,wisdom4 ,said   
%e1 8,put ?is lev] "u ! :eel40 ,!n !    
wagon 0  easily lift$ out4    ,s9ce !n1 
"s "o else sugge/$ us+ wide tires1 s t !
  :eels w\ld n s9k at all1 & ano!r      
inv5t$ a split-log  road-drag to keep ! 
roads h>d4 ,b we are /ill wait+ = !     
f>m]s to le>n to use !m4    ,maybe !    
roses 9 ! bit ( g>d5 w\ld br+ y bigg]   
money1 if  !y 7 made to bloom at ! "r   
"t1 ?an ! potatoes t take  twice z mu*  
outlay & t5 times z mu* "w4    ,pick out
 z mu* l& z y c att5d to )\t walk+ y\r  
legs  (f1 & raise on x ! be/ crops t br+
 ! be/ prices & let  ! re/ take c>e (   

itself4    ,! m>ket is m important ?an !
 crop4 ,consult ! editors ( y\r         
agricultural pap]s ab\t :]e to sell4    
,require bank ref]5ce f  any commission 
m]*ant t y d n "k1 & write to ! bank =  
its report on him be=e y %ip to him4    
,make 8 acqua9tance1 if  possible1 &    
talk to him ab\t :at he c sell ! be/2   
naturally1  he w take m int]e/ 9 !      
affairs ( a man t he kn[s ?an  9 a      
/rang]4 ,don't g to t[n or to ! boat or 
railroad ) half a  load or ) a load (   
poor /uff4 ,arrange ) y\r neighbors to  
take  en\gh = !m to make y\r trip pay4  
,if a trolley or a c>ri] c be br\ght    
into use to make regul>  %ipm5ts1 see "s
 m]*ant or hotel man & arrange to supply
 him  con/antly4 ,!n lay out y\r plant+s
 s z to h a con/ant supply  ( :at he    
ne$s4    ,if y are *oos+ a f>m or h a   
*ance to sell y\rs1 inquire  & look to  
see if y c f9d "o ne> a good m>ket :]e y
  w e>n y\r own commissions4 ,! way to  
f9d out :at y want is  to talk ab\t x to
 ev]yone y meet4 ,a good local map w    

help  y1 b ( c\rse ! real e/ate ag5ts "k
 m ab\t :at is  = sale & ! prices &     
values ?an y c\ld le>n 9 a ye>'s        
travel4 ,no m51 except editors & hotel  
cl]ks1 are s ready to give  in=mation z 
! real e/ate ag5ts4 ,rememb]1 h[ev]1 ?an
 ev5  :5 !y are hone/ 7mo/ ( !m are1 l !
 re/ ( u1 z hone/  z circum/ances all[71
 ! successful real e/ate ag5t mu/ see ! 
rosy side ( ! pea* & may n po9t out !   
worm-hole on ! o!r  side4 ,y w h to look
 = t y\rself4    ,:5 y h f\nd :at y     
want1 po9t out t y are buy+ to  improve1
 s t ! security w be bett] e day1 &     
fight =  easy t]ms & = a long mortgage4 
,y c get ! privilege to pay  (f any "t t
 y _c use ! capital to bett] advantage4 
,let "s good lawy] exam9e ! records &   
see t ! pap]s are  all /raight1 &       
gu>antee ! title4 ,if !re is a local    
title  insurance company its policy is  
wor? all x co/s1 & w help y  greatly    
%\ld y want to sell or to raise ano!r   
mortgage4    ,buy y\r l&--don't r5t x2 x
 does n pay to put y\r "w into  ano!r   

man's l&4    ,e improvem5t 9 ! condition
 ( ! e>?--agricultural1  me*anical1     
e?ical1 educational1 political or ev5   
religi\s mu/  g ev5tually & ma9ly to !  
b5efit ( ! own]s ( ! e>?2  !re=e get    
hold ( a bit ( ! e>?1 s t ev]yone :o    
does  good w d t good = y4    ,get a    
small bit ( l& ne> ! m>ket r ?an a big  
bit away f  x1 because ! m p !re are ne>
 y ! bett] y c live  & ! m money y c    
make4 ,besides x is mu* pleasant] &     
bett] = ! wife & *ildr51 z well z =     
y\rself1 to be ne>  s*ools1 libr>ies1   
prop] company1 /ores1 ?an to be away out
 among  /umps4 ,a gr[+ t[n w make y ri* 
:5 x gr[s out y\r way1  because y are 9 
! way & :5 ! l& is want$ y mu/ be paid  
to get out4 ,mean:ile1 y c get manure & 
help mu* easi] &  *eap] ?an if y 7 at a 
di/ance4    ,don't put y\r labor or y\r 
money into exp5sive build+s3 !y only    
invite ! tax assessor2 b get prop]      
build+s--!y may be only  %acks1 b !y    
%\ld be well plann$ %acks1 = y mu/ h    
room  en\gh to %elt] y\r tools1 wagons &

 f>m ma*9es1 to h\se y\r  /ock1 to /ore 
y\r crops1 to spr\t y\r se$s1 to save   
y\r manure  & to d indoor "w dur+ bad   
wea!r4      ,,footnotes3    #a ,!re is  
only "o good way to d ?is3 cut back all 
! old wood  & "w out a new top on :i* to
 graft ! f9e apple scions4              
,,*apt] ,,ii4                           
,,! ,,soil4      ,if ?is book is to be (
 real s]vice1 we mu/ be cle> ab\t ! t]ms
  & expressions1 s t1 ?\gh y may "k no?+
 ab\t g>d5+  :5 y beg9 to read x1 y may 
"k en\gh to e>n a liv+ f  ! soil :5 y   
f9i% x--& practice a little4    ,_m talk
 glibly en\gh ab\t ! soil1 ?\gh few c\ld
 tell exactly  :at x means4 ,b          
m>ket-g>d5]s mu/ und]/& x1 if !y are  to
 live by x4 ,s x w be well to beg9 ) !  
soil itself4 ,soil  is t ?9 lay] ( e>? t
 cov]s our globe l a blanket1 &  9 :i*  
all t plants1 bea/s & m5 live ^u1 gr[s4 
,if x 7  wa%$ (f1 />vation w\ld foll[4  
,! sci5tific explanation (  ! orig9 (   
?is blanket1 is1 t x 0 =m$ by ! action (
  heat1 cold1 wat]1 fro/1 ice1 l[ =ms ( 

vegetable life & t9y  animals2 sometimes
 work+ s+ly & sometimes all toge!r4 ,x  
is n[  e/abli%$ t ! mo/ ( ! face ( ! e>?
 0 once rock :i*  0 rubb$1 cru%$ & gr\nd
 by ^! =ces until ?is surface lay]  0   
made4 ,!n high] =ms ( life became       
possible4 ,n c5turies  only1 b aeons (  
"t1 7 necess>y to accompli% ?is4 ,lay]  
^u  lay] ( f9ely cru%$ p>ticles 7 expos$
 to ! action ( ! air  :i* complet$ ! "w 
! gr9d+ ( ,nature's =ces _h begun4      
,to foll[ out ! /ory ( ! developm5t ( ! 
soil is a mo/  fasc9at+ /udy1 & if y h  
"t f y\r o!r int]e/s1 y  w be glad t y  
took x up2 = ?\gh y may be a good f>m]  
)\t ?is k1 y w be a bett] "o ) x1       
because y  w be m intellig5t &          
sympa!tic4 ,! soil-blanket holds )9  its
 w>m folds all t is necess>y = life1 & !
 wond] ( x all  increases ! m we le>n   
ab\t ! millions ( ye>s & numb]less  =ces
 employ$ to br+ x to ?is /ate (         
p]fection4 ,if ,nature has  n we>i$ 9 h]
 great "w1 !re is poor excuse = ! g>d5] 
to  %irk or neglect ! labor necess>y to 

get ! be/ possible results  f any giv5  
piece ( soil4    ,nobody yet kn[s :at   
are ! be/ possible results f any giv5   
piece ( soil2 = s9ce new discov]ies are 
be+ made e ye>1 we  c %[ only :at has s 
f> be5 done ) ! be/ k &  skill at our   
disposal4 ,"o man 9 ,p5nsylvania is     
sell+ 8 soil2 n  8 crop1 at #a4ej p]    
bu%el to inoculate o!r gr\nd4    ,! f9e1
 f]tile lay] ( e>? t is call$ soil does 
n g  v deep4 ,x cov]s ano!r lay] :i* is 
h>d]1 co>s]1 cold]  ?an itself1 & ?is   
second lay] is kn[n z ! subsoil1 or t   
soil :i* is "u ! surface lay]4 ,9 all   
temp]ate climes !  diff]5ce is /rongly  
m>k$1 b 9 ra9less1 sun-dri$ regions  !re
 is (t5 no diff]5ce to be not$4 ,!      
intellig5t f>m] or  g>d5] has !         
opportunity to decide j h[ mu* ( t      
subsoil  he w conv]t into surface soil1 
& ! means ( do+ ?is w be  disclos$ lat] 
"u ! head ( 8,tillage40 ,! m ( x he br+s
  into use ! great] 8 own pr(it1 s t x  
pays to "k h[4 ,9  ! e>ly days ( f>m+ no
 ef=t 0 made to br+ ! subsoil into  use1

 & consequ5tly ! returns f agriculture 7
 small4 ,n[ we  "k bett] ?an t1 & we    
also "k h[ to get m out ( !  soil1 :e!r 
surface or subsoil4    ,no soil1 no     
g>d52 s ! new g>d5] mu/ get acqua9t$ ) !
  gr\nd he int5ds to cultivate4 ,x is n 
to be d5i$ t soil :i*  is 9 good til? w 
be a great help to ! beg9n]1 b t is only
  to be _h 9 well-cultivat$ g>d5s1 :i*  
usually br+ a good price  :5 f\nd 9 !   
m>ket4 ,besides1 ) prop] c>e & att5tion1
 any  well situat$ soil c be made to    
yield good returns1 & ! g>d5]  :o is n  
dispos$ to give prop] c>e & att5tion w  
f9d no?+  9 ?is book1 or 9 any o!r1 t w 
tea* him h[ to succe$4 ,!  ,g]man idea  
is t a good soil is m]ely a place to put
 f]tiliz]s  7& ,g]man ideas on g>d5+ are
 n to be despis$74 ,?is is simply  ano!r
 way ( repeat+ t1 ) bra9s & "w any soil 
c be  made to yield good returns4 ,x is 
n safe1 h[ev]1 to tru/ to !  8,light (  
,nature0 z to :at 8prop] c>e & att5tion0
 is1 s "h  are ! details4    ,if y are  
already settl$ & are plann+ to use y\r  

back y>d = a  g>d51 y w h to take ! soil
 z x is1 & by y\r own ef=t  make x :at x
 %\ld be4 ,!re is no cause = despair no 
matt] :at  x may be4 ,a back y>d t 0    
trodd5 almo/ z compact z asphalt1  & ^: 
clods :5 dug _h to be brok5 up ) an axe1
 0 made to  yield a l>ge v>iety ( fl[]s 
! fir/ season x 0 plant$4 ,s g  ahead & 
d :at y c ) :at y h4 ,b1 if y are hunt+ 
= a g>d5 plot1 be> 9 m9d ! importance ( 
soil texture4 ,y may  !reby save y\rself
 bo? "t & labor4    ,! fir/ ?+ is to    
exam9e ! soil to det]m9e :e!r x is  s&y 
or clayey1 dry or moi/1 light or heavy1 
well dra9$ or wet2  :e!r x is w>m &     
live1 or cold & dead4 ,y w !n le>n :at  
sort ( cultivation is be/ = y\r p>ticul>
 plot ( gr\nd4    ,because 9 y\r        
neighbor's g>d5 a c]ta9 treatm5t has be5
  successful1 is n say+ t x w give !    
same results 9 y\rs1  unless all !      
conditions are ! same4 ,= in/ance1 8    
light1 s&y  loam ne$s little            
cultivation1 & y\r soil may be h>d &    
clayey4 ,9  t case y w\ld h to make up !

 diff]5ce by c>eful "w4    ,!re are     
8g>d5]s0 :o ?9k x is suffici5t b>ely to 
break up !  gr\nd1 add a little manure  
or o!r f]tiliz]1 & scatt] se$s4  ,t !y  
get any sort ( results only %[s h[ will+
 ,nature is to  give a return on !      
slighte/ labor4 ,b ,nature is wise z    
well z  will+1 & !re=e gives lavi%ly to 
him only1 :o1 by intellig5t  labor1     
des]ves ! be/ returns4    ,!re=e1 le>n !
 ne$s ( y\r soil & supply !m1 & y w  h  
no cause to compla9 ( ! nigg>dl9ess (   
,"m ,nature to  ^? ( h] *ildr5 :o fe$ at
 h] bosom4    ,plants (t5 die = lack (  
moi/ure 9 ! soil1 & ?is condition  _c be
 satisfactorily rem$i$ by ! wat]+-c4 ,! 
tr\ble  lies back ( su* surface treatm5t
 & c only be cur$ by gett+ at  ! cause4 
,! soil %\ld be s prep>$ by tillage t x 
w cat*  & hold en\gh wat] to supply !   
plants ) ! moi/ure !y ne$  ev5 ?r\gh    
hot1 dry spells4 ,plants draw _!        
n\ri%m5t ?r\gh  _! roots to _! /ems &   
leaves1 & y ne$ only exam9e !  f9e roots
 & rootlets ( any plant to realize =    

y\rself t  su* n\ri%m5t c\ld n be tak5 9
 9 a solid =m4 ,plants are  con/antly   
draw+ ?is moi/ure f ! soil & z con/antly
 giv+  x (f into ! air ?r\gh _! leaves4 
,if y w wat* any plant  dur+ a dr\ght1 y
 w see ! leaves beg9 to %rivel be=e !   
/ems or bran*es %[ signs ( suff]+4 ,?is 
is ,nature's ef=t to  su/a9 ! life ( !  
plant z long z possible4 ,! %rivell+ (  
! leaves prev5ts ! escape ( ! little    
moi/ure ! plant c  draw1 & reta9s x     
long] )9 ! plant's sy/em4    ,deep pl[+1
 ! break+ up ( ! subsoil1 ! addition (  
decay+  vegetable matt] or humus1       
f]tiliz+ ) /able manure1 & !  rais+ (   
crops t c be frequ5tly till$1 all help  
to add  moi/ure to ! soil4 ,if y d ^! & 
! dry spell does /rike  y h>d1 s t x    
seems necess>y to br+ wat]1 ! soil w    
suck x & hold x1 in/ead ( lett+ x pass  
(f quickly ?r\gh  ! action ( sun & air4 
,frequ5t /irr+ ( ! surface soil1  to !  
dep? ( "o in*1 w make a little dry lay] 
or top-coat  ?r\gh :i* ! moi/ure does n 
readily escape4 ,?is is :at is  call$ a 

8mul*40 ,a mul* may also be an add$ coat
 ( leaf-m\ld  or /able-litt] or any     
little dry cov]+ :i* w prev5t !  moi/ure
 f escap+4    ,= e>ly crops a light1 s&y
 loam is be/4 ,a s&y loam is a loose1   
s&y soil made productive by good        
tillage1 by mix+ 9 humus &  plant food  
or f]tiliz]4 ,b :5 y hav5't ! be/1 x is 
= y  to c\nt]feit x z ne>ly z possible4 
,! advantages ( s&y loam  are t x is    
e>ly1 easy to "w1 responds quickly to   
f]tiliz]s &  is readily kept 9 good     
til?4    8,til?0 is really ! plant+     
condition ( ! soil1 & good til?  means !
 be/ possible conditions = plant+ se$s2 
:]e ! pl[  & ! h>r[ h done _! "w2 :]e ! 
sun has w>m$ & !  ra9 moi/5$2 :]e !     
f]tiliz] has sweet5$ & quick5$2 :]e     
/ones & we$s are unkn[n1 s t ! new life 
f9ds ! be/  conditions = spr\t+ &       
develop+4 ,y w und]/& :y su*  soil is n 
(t5 9 ! m>ket4 ,x is ,nature's mat]ials 
plus man's  intellig5t labor2 & he :o   
has x1 is usually f\nd work+ x to  8 own
 pr(it4    ,"s soils are easily put into

 condition3 o!rs require mu* "t &       
labor1 b all always repay4 ,x is well1  
h[ev]1 to avoid a h>d1  cold1 clayey    
soil if possible2 x takes s long to w>m 
up1 t !  se$s make little progress4 ,(  
c\rse1 /eady p]si/5t ef=t w  greatly    
improve ev5 ?is soil1 & if t is ! sort y
 h1 y  mu/ d y\r be/ ) x1 b ! av]age    
g>d5] _c af=d to  wait4    ,comp>$ )    
agriculture1 :i* has be5 kn[n 9 "s =m   
ev]  s9ce !re h be5 any records1 tillage
 is v new4 ,l _m  ano!r important ?+1 x 
0 discov]$ q accid5tally by an  ,engli% 
f>m]1 nam$ ,je?ro ,tull4 ,he f\nd t by  
/irr+ up !  soil ab\t 8 plants1 he got  
bett] returns2 & gave 8 discov]y  to !  
_w4 ,b he c\ld n expla9 :y x 0 s2 he    
m]ely knew  ! fact itself4 ,sci5ce has  
s9ce discov]$ t x is due to !  action ( 
! air 9 help+ to break up ! _m comp\nds 
f\nd 9  ! e>? conta9+ plant food4 ,x 0 a
 simple ?+1 yet x has  really           
revolutioniz$ g>d5+4 ,be=e tillage 0    
kn[n ! returns  f ! sort ( cultivation 9
 use 7 v scanty1 & ?is book _h  nev] be5

 writt5 _h ,tull's discov]y nev] be5    
made4 ,s y may be  able to d ! _w a     
great favor if y cultivate intellig5tly1
 n  fe>+ to exp]im5t or to make kn[n !  
results ( y\r exp]im5ts4  ,x may be     
res]v$ = y1 9 y\r little g>d5 pat*1 to  
discov]  "s new tru? t w prove a bless+ 
to ! :ole _w1 = no  sci5ce today (f]s s 
wide a field = discov]y z ! sci5ce (    
,agriculture1 nor s sure a return =     
labor exp5d$4    ,!re is a /ory t       
illu/rates ! value ( tillage4 ,a man lay
  dy+ & z 8 f\r sons ga!r$ ab\t 8 b$ he 
:isp]$ feebly1  8,my sons1 !re is a     
great treasure hidd5 9 ! g>d540 ,sc>cely
  _h !y laid ! body ( _! fa!r away1 :5 !
 sons w5t to  ! g>d5 & began digg+ x up4
 ,!y dug e in* c>efully1  & f\nd no?+ = 
_! pa9s4 ,!n ! elde/ son1 be+ ( a       
practical turn ( m9d1 sugge/$ to 8      
bro!rs t !y plant !  g>d5 & ?us secure  
"s return = _! labor4 ,?is !y did1  & :5
 h>ve/-"t came ! returns 7 s wond]fully 
increas$  t !y said1 8,n[ we "k :at our 
fa!r meant4 ,let u seek l  treasure 9   

all our fields40 ,& 9 e g>d5 & field    
lies hidd5  ! same treasure t c be      
reveal$ only by ! exp5diture (          
intellig5t labor4    ,tillage is an art 
9 itself1 & v important to success4 ,!re
 are  two k9ds--! tillage ( prep>ation &
 ! tillage ( ma9t5ance4  ,!y are widely 
diff]5t 9 _! purpose & effect4 ,! av]age
  f>m] ?9ks t bo? may be c>ri$ on at !  
same "t1 & ?is  belief may be 9 "p !    
cause ( 8 failures4    ,! tillage (     
prep>ation includes n m]ely ! break+ up 
(  ! soil by ! pl[1 b pulv]iz+ x = z    
great a dep? z !  roots ( ! plants w    
rea*4 ,h[ deep t may be1 dep5ds ^u !  "*
 ( ! soil & ( ! crops4 ,= example1 a h>d
 soil ) a  subsoil ne> ! surface1 mu/ be
 pl[$ deep2 s t ! root crops1  :i* run  
deep1 may f9d su/5ance4 ,on ! o!r h&1   
s&y soil1 or  "o :i* lea*es away1 c /&  
only %all[ pl[+1 z we mu/ hold  !       
subsoil firm to prev5t lea*+4 ,s t1 ev5 
9 ! tillage (  prep>ation x comes back  
to ! same po9t1 to le>n ! ne$s ( y\r    
p>ticul> soil & supply !m4    ,! tillage

 ( ma9t5ance %\ld be giv5 z (t5 z once a
 week or  t5 days1 & is m]ely t surface 
loos5+ :i* enables ! soil  to dr9k 9 !  
ra9 & )/& ! heat ( ! sun4 ,! loos5$     
surface w n cake ab\t ! plants1 & x     
makes a lay] ( mul*  = ! protection ( ! 
"u soil4    ,by ! addition ( humus1 or  
vegetable matt]1 a clayey soil may  be  
put 9 condition s t x w respond to fur!r
 tillage  z satisfactorily z ! light]1  
s&y loam4 ,?is is ! way to  8c\nt]feit !
 be/ soil40    ,humus is add$ by pl[+   
into ! l& vegetable matt] :i* is 9      
condition to rot quickly & become       
?or\ghly mix$ ) ! soil4  ,rye1 clov]1   
corn/alks1 v9es or o!r g>d5 wa/e1 &     
manure1 are  commonly us$4 ,manure t    
conta9s a l>ge proportion ( /able litt] 
& sweep+s1 & /reet sweep+s1 are         
especially ri* 9 humus1 &  are mu* s\ght
 aft] by exp]i5c$ g>d5]s4 ,by add+ !m1 !
  texture ( ! soil is light5$ & improv$1
 made loose & mell[  s z to hold        
moi/ure1 & is at ! same "t prev5t$ f    
cak+4  ,moreov]1 humus conta9s plant    

food & heat t make se$ spr\t+  easy4    
,! amateur g>d5] seldom recognizes !    
importance ( ! physical  texture ( !    
soil1 b ! be/ results dem& ! be/        
conditions4  ,unless y want to gr[ pe>s 
& plums--:i* ?rive 9 clayey  soil--break
 up ! clayey e>? & improve its texture 9
 e way4  ,y\r g>d5 w repay y1 & y won't 
g ab\t d5\nc+ ^? :o  h writt5 books ab\t
 ! possibilities ( small areas z wilful 
deceiv]s ( ! guileless & unw>y4 ,get x  
firmly fix$ 9 y\r m9d  to />t )1 t1 if  
y\r g>d5 does n yield adequate returns  
^u y\r labor1 ! fault is y\rs4 ,y are   
work+ un9tellig5tly1  & des]ve no m ?an 
y are gett+4 ,to "k y\r soil is to be   
able to give x ! treatm5t x ne$s to make
 x fruitful4                            
,,*apt] ,,iii4                          
,,soil ,,f]tility4      ,soil f]tility  
is ! p[] 9 ! soil itself to produce a   
good crop  "u prop] conditions4 ,man c  
nei!r make nor de/roy ! l&4  ,all t man 
c d is to make x m or less effici5t1    
accord+ to  h[ he uses x4 ,two m5 may   

take two pieces ( soil ( equal f]tility 
& get va/ly diff]5t results2 by c>eful  
/udy & exp]im5t we  may le>n h[ to take 
advantage ( ?is f]tility2 b ! real      
secret  ( x1 ,nature has wisely lock$ up
 9 ! soil itself1 s t "o  g5]ation ( m5 
_c really rob ! next4 ,x has be5 said t 
old-"t f>m]s1 ( ,new ,engl& p>ticul>ly1 
robb$ ! soil ( its  f]tility1 s t _!    
sons h be5 compell$ to ab&on ! old  f>ms
 & seek new l& 9 ! we/1 or new          
occupations 9 ! cities  ( ! c\ntry4 ,!  
real tru? is1 n t ! soil has be5 robb$  
( its f]tility by ! fa!rs1 b t ! sons h 
cont9u$ !  un5light5$ me?ods ( ! fa!rs  
ev5 aft] _! ineffectualness  has be5    
prov$4    ,s9ce t l& 0 ab&on$ x has n   
really be5 idle4 ,nature has  be5       
improv+ x all ^! ye>s by plac+ leaves & 
trees back  ^u x1 ?us provid+ humus2 &  
also by ! action ( heat &  cold4 ,"s (  
?is l&1 ov]gr[n ) bri]s & bru%1 has be5 
cle>$ & f\nd to be bett] & /rong] ?an   
ev] be=e4 ,mu* (  ! soil is s\r1 b t is 
easily rem$i$1 & :]ev] a pat*  is burn$ 

ov]1 ! grass works 9 well4 ,on "s ( ^!  
ab&on$  f>ms !re is an excell5t         
opportunity to comb9e int5sive culture  
on  ! l[l&s ) or*>d+ on ! hills1 = !    
f]tility is /ill  !re4 ,if man c\ld     
de/roy ?is quality1 t cl+s to all soil1 
he  w\ld h spoil$ x c5turies ago1 & !   
race w\ld h />v$4  ,b we are a long "t  
le>n+ h[ be/ to use x4    ,rob]t ,s4    
,se$s1 ( ,birm+ham1 ,pa41 ?9ks he has   
solv$ ! secret  ( unlock+ t soil        
f]tility1 & he (f]s ! a/\nd+ results  ( 
8 op]ations on an ab&on$ f>m1 z pro( ( 8
 claims4 ,he n  only raises enorm\s     
crops1 b he sells 8 soil by ! bu%el1 to 
8  less enlight5$ neighbors to inoculate
 _! f>ms4 ,he tells ! /ory  ( 8         
exp]im5ts 9 a lecture call$ 8,h[ ,god   
made ! ,soil ,f]tile10  :i* is publi%$ 9
 pamphlet =m & sells = #be c5ts4    ,he 
says 8,! ,"l made all ! acres ( ! l&    
f]tile1 f !  ,atlantic to ! ,pacific1 & 
gave x to man to live ^u1 to prosp]  &  
be happy4 ,9 do+ s ,he nev] haul$ a     
wagon-load ( manure or a  load ( lime1  

nor b\ght a ton ( f]tiliz]--& h[ did ,he
 d x8 ,he  did x ) vegetable matt]2 & ,i
 ?\ght if ! ,"l c\ld d x1 ,i  c\ld d x4 
,?is s\nds a little conceity1 b ,i mean 
x40    ,z a result ( ?is belief1 ,mr4   
,se$s took to exp]im5t+1 beg9n+  ) !    
crops t /ore nitrog5 9 _! roots1 su* z  
crimson  clov]1 & ) purple-top /rap-leaf
 turnip4 ,b ! results 7  n suffici5tly  
great to please ?is man1 :o 0 aft] all  
!re 0  9 ! soil4 ,he ne$$ "s plant )    
long] roots1 & f9ally hit  ^u ! c[horn  
turnip1 :i* w gr[ roots f #i in*es to #b
 feet  long1 ?us mak+ available ! plant 
food lock$ up 9 ! subsoil4  ,f9ally he  
comb9$ c[horn turnip & rape1 & n[ 8 soil
 is !  mo/ f]tile 9 8 di/rict1 & is s   
pr(itable z an inoculator (  o!r soils t
 he keeps fields free f h>ve/ crops s z 
to h  ! soil = sale4    8,bob ,se$s0    
fur!r says t a field fill$ ) ! decay$   
vegetable  matt] & humus f "o crop (    
crimson clov] pl[$ d[n1 w  hold fifty   
tons m wat] to ! acre ?an soil t is n4  
,if y  figure h[ mu* wat] y mu/ h to    

raise a crop ( corn1 oats1  potatoes1   
hay1 etc41 y w see ! value ( l& t has ! 
p[]  to hold wat]4 ,!re 0 a f>m] 9      
,p5nsylvania :o got 8 f>m 9  su* a wat] 
pres]v+ condition t he said ! spr+ ra9s 
7  a nuisance4 ,wat* ! soil & y w see1 t
 soil t is fill$  ) decay$ vegetable    
matt] & humus is w>m] 9 ! w9t]-"t1      
cool] 9 ! summ]-"t1 wett] 9 dry wea!r & 
dry] 9 wet  wea!r4    ,a mul* :i*       
pres]ves ! moi/ure 9 hot or cold wea!r  
also  unlocks ?is f]tility ( ! soil4    
,all ( ?is is ( imm5se importance1 n    
only to ! f>m] on a l>ge  scale1 b also 
to y1 ) ! limit$ area ( y\r g>d5 y>d2  =
 9 x lies ! secret ( heavi] & e>li]     
crops ?an y\r less  in/ruct$ neighbors4 
,pr(essor ,:itney1 ,*ief ( ! ,bureau (  
,soils1  ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1      
,wa%41 says t deep pl[+ & %all[         
cultivation are ! be/ means ( reta9+    
moi/ure 9 ! soil1  & he adds1 8,/range z
 x may seem1 :ile we suff] if we d n    
get ra9s1 we %\ld actually be bett] (f1 
z !y are 9 ! arid  regions ( ! we/1 if  

we did n h any ra9 dur+ ! gr[+  season &
 _h a means ( provid+ wat] :5 we want$  
x4 ,!  tr\ble ) u is t we _c ma9ta9 !   
dry mul*1 because we  h ra9 on ! av]age 
e ?ree days4 ,if y knew :at 0 com+1  y  
c\ld save y\r crop ?r\gh any ord9>y     
p]iod ( dr\ght1  provid$ y _h ! skill1 !
 judgm5t & ! *ance :i* w\ld  lead y to  
beg9 y\r op]ations at j ! "r "t40       
,accord+ to ,pr(essor ,:itney !re are   
ab\t #djj di/9ct types (  soil s f>     
enc\nt]$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ) v>y+      
degrees (  kn[n f]tility1 & only eight  
or t5 /aple crops gr[+4 ,?is1  ( c\rse1 
does n include ! special crops l cel]y2 
x is !  regul>1 /aple field or g>d5     
crops t are unnecess>ily limit$4  ,^!   
are gr[n on all k9ds ( soil 9 all p>ts (
 ! c\ntry  )\t reg>d to ! suitability ( 
! soil to ! crop4    ,! ,gov]nm5t1 ?r\gh
 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1 has giv5 a 
great impetus to plant introduction1 & y
 _c ( c\rse expect to  rival or approa* 
x1 ) its enorm\s funds & /aff ( exp]ts1 
b  y c exp]im5t ) ! new crops x         

introduces4 ,hi!rto1 9 ?is  c\ntry1 :]e 
! soil 0 too dry = corn or :eat1 or too 
moi/ =  potatoes1 x has be5 neglect$    
altoge!r2 b ! pres5t movem5t  includes  
f9d+ crops suitable = ^! l&s4 ,!        
,gov]nm5t has  introduc$ ! durum :eat   
:i* yields crops 9 regions suff]+  f    
dr\ght1 & 9 #aije ! ,unit$ ,/ates       
export$ #f1jjj1jjj bu%els  ( x2         
,japanese ,kiu%u rice is do+ well 9     
,l\isiana & ,texas rice  fields2 !      
,japanese salad plant1 ! udo1 is be+    
te/$ f ,ma9e  to ,cali=nia & giv+ good  
results2 ,kafir corns f ,abyss9ia1      
,india & ,ea/ ,africa are be+ gr[n 9    
,kansas & o!r we/]n  sections2 :ile !   
,engli% broad bean1 ,hung>ian paprika1 &
 fruits  f all p>ts ( ! _w1 are be+ te/$
 9 all sections ( ?is  c\ntry4 ,^? #djj 
diff]5t types ( soil %\ld mean limitless
  div]sifications ( crops1 & x is fair  
to assume t ! real day  ( agriculture1 9
 ?is c\ntry at lea/1 is only j dawn+4   
,! ,gov]nm5t is n[ te/+ pr(itable crops 
= ! f>ms ( ,new  ,engl& :i* h be5 ab&on$

 to ! mortgagees4 ,areas !re are  too   
small to gr[ corn#b & :eat 9 successful 
competition ) !  great f>ms ( ! we/1 b  
!re are o!r crops :i* w yield  ev5 bett]
 results & comm& ! m>ket4 ,y1 :o are n[ 
com+  into ! great call+ ( e>n+ y\r liv+
 f ! soil1 c\ld  n h *os5 a bett] mom5t 
= entrance4 ,keep 9 t\* ) !  ,dep>tm5t (
 ,agriculture4 ,x is y\r dep>tm5t1 a    
sort ( college or  tra9+ s*ool :i* y    
ma9ta91 & any?+ y want to "k !          
,dep>tm5t w gladly try to tell y4 ,if y 
want to "k :at is  be/ = y to plant on  
y\r pat*1 s5d a sample ( y\r soil1 tell 
:]e y\r f>m is locat$1 :at are y\r means
 & exp]i5ce1 &  ! sugge/ions made w fit 
y\r p>ticul> case4 ,if y s5d any (  y\r 
reque/s1 :e!r = advice or = bullet9s1   
address$ simply  to ! ,dep>tm5t (       
,agriculture1 ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 y w get
 a  reply1 & w f9d out :o is ! head ( ! 
special dep>tm5t y\r  reque/ 0 ref]r$   
to4 ,! ,dep>tm5t is do+ ne$$ "w1 & by   
correspond+ ) !m & gett+ advice1 y c    
give pro( ( y\r  int]e/4                

,,footnotes3    #b ,,note4--,b corn gr[+
 is on ! increase 9 ,new ,engl& & at !  
great ,omaha ,corn ,%[ a ,connecticut   
f>m] won ?ree fir/ prizes4 ,!  ,fl9t    
v>ieties are especially adapt$ = ! ,new 
,engl& climate &  soil & op5 up new     
possibilities = ! ,new ,engl& f>m]4     
,,*apt] ,,iv4                           
,,location4      ,h[ to buy l& & :y2 h[ 
to help ! poor to keep !mselves on !  l&
 & :at pla9 p h actually done2 ! record 
yields &  h[ !y h be5 rais$2 h[ mu*     
capital c be us$ by "o man1 are         
consid]$ 9 8,a ,little ,l& & a ,liv+40  
,h[ mu* ( a crop y may be able to get2  
h[ mu* or r h[  little capital x takes2 
h[ mu* labor is ne$$2 :]e *eap l&s  are 
to be f\nd & h[ to cle> wild l& & h[ to 
build1 are all  treat$ fully 9 8,?ree   
,acres & ,lib]ty10 n[ publi%$ 9 f9e %ape
  at fifty c5ts4 ,s ?is 8h& book0 ne$   
only %[ :at o!r ?+s  are includ$ 9 ! t]m
 8location40    ,if y are ?9k+ ( ! "* ( 
! soil :5 hunt+ = a  g>d5 plot1 y w m   
?an ev] ?9k also ab\t ! importance (    

location4 ,any soil1 ev5 ! be/ s&y loam1
 ne$s "s f]tiliz+  & wat]+1 & y _c af=d 
to use l& :]e manure c  n be _h easily1 
or :]e !re is n a good wat] supply4 ,to 
pay high = f]tiliz] cuts ! pr(it f y\r  
small area1 &  ?is is m especially true 
if y\r soil is clayey & ne$s mu*        
prep>ation-tillage4 ,9 mo/ cities y w   
f9d /able-keep]s &  o!rs :o w give y    
manure or /reet sweep+s 9 ! w9t] 9      
return = haul+ x away4 ,t is a great    
advantage to y1 b if  y locate y\r g>d5 
:]e truckage am\nts to two or ?ree      
doll>s a  load1 y h (fset ! advantage y 
d]iv$ f ! free manure4  ,also1 if y\r   
wat] supply is poor1 y w f9d x difficult
 to c>ry  y\r crops ?r\gh ! hot wea!r4  
,,m>ket4    ,y c raise a good crop f    
good soil prop]ly f]tiliz$1 b if  y _c  
m>ket x to advantage1 y c't sell x at a 
pr(it4 ,a  long railway haul n only     
injures ! g>d5 truck1 b x also eats  up 
! pr(its4 ,!re=e1 get y\r plot ne> a t[n
 or city :]e !  exp5se ( sell+ is r$uc$ 
to a m9imum & :]e ! dem& =  g>d5        

products w at lea/ equal ! supply4    ,s
 ! good-g>d5-plot te/s are ?ree3 fir/1 !
 "* ( !  soil1 second1 ! location z     
reg>ds ! m>ket1 & ?ird1 !  dem&s ( t    
m>ket4 ,he :o mu/ ( necessity use ! l&  
:]e he  is1 w1 if he uses 8 bra9s z well
 z 8 h&s1 f9d 8 rew>d  satisfactory1 ev5
 ?\gh x fall bel[ ! returns f a plot )  
all advantages4                         
,,*apt] ,v4                             
,,se$s4      ,! exp5se & labor ( prep>+ 
& till+ soil is too great to  all[ y to 
plant poor se$4 ,! /ock-bre$] does n    
take 8  sicklie/1 poore/ specim5s =     
bre$+ purposes1 b r selects  ! be/ & mo/
 ne>ly p]fect specim5s2 y %\ld be c>eful
 to  d ! same ) y\r plants4 ,! f>m]'s "w
 is j z important  z ! /ock-bre$]'s4 ,x 
%\ld be ! aim ( ea* to improve !  /ra9 &
 produce ! be/ possible result4 ,!re=e1 
if y are  gr[+ corn1 plant se$ only f ! 
/alk t produc$ ! mo/  & ! be/ e>s (     
corn4 ,x is good to s5d f9e e>s to m>ket
 &  get ! be/ price = !m1 b if y save   
only y\r scrubby e>s  = se$1 next ye> y 

w n h f9e1 p]fect e>s ( corn to  s5d4 ,s
 select ( y\r v be/ = se$ purposes1 & if
 y\r be/  is n good en\gh1 !n buy f a   
bett] gr[] :o has ! be/4  ,aim to       
produce an ideal e> ( corn4 ,x c be     
done1 & y might z  well d x4 ,only 9 ?is
 way w y f9d y\r corn crop pay+ y  = y\r
 "t & labor4 ,if y c>efully foll[ ?is e 
ye>1 y  w f9d y\r acre annually produc+ 
m & m corn )\t any  additional labor or 
exp5se4 ,t is "o trick 9 mak+ f>m+ pay4 
,x is a trick t holds good ) e g>d5 crop
 z well z )  corn4 ,x won't d to wait   
until h>ve/ "t to f9d out if ! se$  y h 
plant$ is any good1 if y h to buy y\r   
se$ & want to  make a pr(it f y\r g>d5 !
 fir/ season4 ,?is simple me?od (  te/+ 
se$s may save y "t & money4 ,get y\r se$
 e>ly 9 !  season1 select ab\t "o hundr$
 & put !m betwe5 two moi/ pieces  (     
flannel1 :i* 9 turn are plac$ betwe5 two
 s\p plates4 ,keep !  flannel moi/ 7n   
soak+ wet ) wat] /&+ 9 ! di%es71 &  z   
soon z ! se$s h spr\t$1 c\nt !          
proportion ( live ones4  ,if only a few 

( !m h spr\t$1 y w "k t y _c  af=d to   
give gr\nd up to ! use ( su* poor se$4  
,! l>g] !  proportion ( y\r te/ se$s t  
spr\t1 or 8g]m9ate10 z ?is  process is  
call$1 ! bett] = y\r pr(it1 if y plant f
 ?is  same /ock or assortm5t4    ,be    
sure y deal ) a se$ h\se t has a        
reputation at /ake2 &  if possible g !re
 y\rself & see ! man :o really kn[s ab\t
  se$3 g5]ally !re is only ab\t "o man 9
 a conc]n :o does "k  8 bus9ess4    ,if 
y answ] attractive adv]tisem5ts & buy at
 8big b>ga9s0 y  may lose y\r money1 or1
 :at is worse1 y may be kept wait+ f    
day to day till y\r plant+ days are ov]1
 or wor/ ( all1 y may  plant poor se$4  
,! dates ( plant+ giv5 ?r\gh\t ?is book 
are  = ! latitude ( ,new ,york4 ,9      
,nor!rn ,new ,engl& plant+ %\ld  be ab\t
 ?ree weeks lat]4 ,all ! middle we/]n   
/ates c be  figur$ ! same z ,new ,york3 
b all /ates s\? ( ,p5nsylvania may  be  
figur$ twelve days 9 advance = e "o     
hundr$ miles s\?w>d4    ,?is holds good 
= s[+ out ( doors or = transplant+ out (

  doors4 ,= />t+ se$s 9 y\r home1 ^!    
times w d = !  entire ea/]n /ates4      
,,*apt] ,,vi4                           
,,plant-,,bre$+4      ,plant-bre$+ is   
produc+ plants adapt$ to p>ticul>       
conditions or  requirem5ts2 b ! m]e     
production ( some?+ new or diff]5t1 is  
n true plant-bre$+4 ,! plant bre$] has a
 def9ite purpose or  aim 9 m9d1 & ?is   
comes only f a cle> idea ( 8 bus9ess4 ,!
  pr(essional bre$]s produce ! races or 
gr\ps1 b ! intellig5t  individual f>m]  
adapts !m to 8 own conditions1 & may    
make  modifications ( ine/imable value  
to o!r f>m]s4    ,good f>m]s h always   
be5 plant-bre$]s1 ev5 ?\gh !y did n  "k 
x4 ,!y h always kept ! be/ e> ( corn & !
 be/ potato  = se$4 ,!y h foll[$ !      
/ock-bre$]'s plan--only ! be/  /ock =   
sires & dams4 ,s no common plants %\ld  
be us$ = se$2  only ! f9e/ is wor?      
plant+4 ,improvem5t is made by          
selection1 z  ,d>w9 taught u _m ye>s    
ago1 b we are sl[ to le>n new lessons4  
,we "k t we d n look to ! *ildr5 (      

physically1 m5tally  or morally de=m$   
p]sons = our specim5s ( physical1 m5tal 
& moral manhood2 nor to ! cur's litt] = 
! be/ type ( pup4  ,n[ we are le>n+ t ! 
same holds good ) plants1 & t  ! f>m] :o
 keeps ! small potatoes = se$ w produce 
poor]  potatoes ?an he ought to h4    ,!
 o!r day ,i f\nd a f>m] h>ve/+ a measly 
lot ( corn4 8,:]e  did y get t se$80 ,i 
ask$4 8,oh10 he said1 8,i pick$ x up    
'mo/  any:]e40 ,i c\ld h told him t     
myself )\t ask+4    ,selection & bre$+  
are n ! "w ( exp]ts alone1 = any "o  :o 
ga9s ! simple k t enables him to        
recognize ! plant  or crop t resi/s     
prevail+ diseases & fl\ri%es be/ "u  8  
conditions1 ne$s only to pres]ve ! se$ (
 su* plants =  propagat+4 ,cross-bre$+1 
on ! contr>y1 is exp]t "w1 b new  /ra9s 
may be secur$ by /raight selection (    
individual plants1 &  ?is gives enorm\s 
results4 ,if "o p]si/5tly saves ! se$s (
  ^? plants t be/ s]ve 8 purpose1 he w  
soon h crops t  are sup]ior to any t he 
_h be=e4 ,! process is s simple t       

anybody c d x4 ,we h talk$ = ye>s ( !   
8survival ( !  fitte/10 & ?is is b help+
 ! be/ to beat ! poor] ones4    ,:at    
causes ! v>iations t make selection     
possible nobody yet  kn[s2 b we d "k t  
*anges 9 soil1 climate1 me?ods (  gr[+ &
 9 o!r ?+s h an effect4 ,"s v>iations   
come f  8cross+10 & "s f no cause t we c
 see3 9 ^? cases !y  are call$ 8sports0 
( nature2 le>n to look out = !m & :5 !  
new v>iety is bett] ?an any?+ y h be=e  
produc$1 save x  = se$ & see :at comes (
 x4 ,y may !reby be do+ all mank9d  a   
s]vice4                                 
,,*apt] ,,vii4                          
,,plant ,,ne$s4      ,plants ne$ wat]1  
air1 food1 light & w>m? j z animals d1 &
  x is wond]ful to /udy ! %ifts &       
contrivances to :i* !y  resort to get   
^!1 & also to protect !mselves aga9/ too
 mu* (  any ( !m4 ,if ! plant 7 n able  
to *ange itself to suit !  conditions1 x
 w\ld (t5 die :]e n[ x fights           
successfully4    ,no?+ affects ! plant l
 ! wat] supply2 ! size ( e "p  ( ! plant

 is increas$ by pl5ty ( wat]4 ,x n only 
helps !  gr[? ( fl[]s & fruits1 b x ev5 
*anges ! "* ( !  plant4 ,9 a moi/ air1  
cactus w put out leaf-l organs1 gorse w 
gr[ leaves in/ead ( ?orns2 :ile :]e !   
wat] supply is v  scanty1 ! potato w put
 =? no leaves1 b w become l a  cactus4  
,yet plants d n gr[ 9 soil t is too wet1
 because !y ne$ air1  & too mu* wat]    
suffocates ! roots4 ,by prop]           
irrigation--:i*  means giv+ j ! "r      
supply ( wat]--bo? ! quantity &  quality
 ( ! crop c be improv$4    ,:ile plants 
ne$ light1 all v>ieties d n ne$ ! same  
am\nt (  x4 ,y w f9d t ^? :i* ne$ mu*   
light c turn t[>ds  x1 & ?is ( itself w 
%[ y :]e su* plants %\ld be s[n4        
,plants h v>i\s ways to resi/ ! supply (
 light :5 !y are  gett+ too mu*4 ,!y    
droop _! heads or close _! leaves1 :i*  
prev5ts evaporation4    ,diff]5t plants 
ne$ diff]5t food & ! same soil          
conditions w  n suit all4 ,"s require   
ri* soil if !y are to fl\ri%1 :ile  "s d
 bett] 9 poor soil4 ,on ! :ole1 plants1 

l p1 are  bett] = "u-fe$+ ?an =         
ov]-fe$+4 ,9 g5]al1 />v+  a plant makes 
x fl[] & fruit m quickly1 b less        
abundantly2  :ile ov]-fe$+ helps to make
 mu* /em & leaf in/ead ( fruit1  & also 
produces mon/rosities4 ,too mu* nitrog51
 especially1 makes  too mu* /em & leaf1 
?\gh nitrog5 is "o ( ! mo/ important    
plant foods4 7,bailey says too mu*      
nitrog5 c be correct$ to a  c]ta9 ext5t1
 by potassium put 9 ! soil4#c7    ,we   
are sure ( only ?ree plant foods--pota%1
 phosphoric acid1 &  nitrog54 ,!n !re   
are lime1 /able manure1 gre5 manure1    
clov]  & c[peas to doctor ! soil )1 :5 x
 is suff]+ f  *emical ills4 ,?is gives  
"s idea ( ! va/ unexplor$ regions (     
agriculture :i* af=d y & e o!r work] 9 !
 soil an  opportunity to make "s great  
discov]y = ! b5efit ( ! _w4  ,no o!r    
call+ (f]s su* limitless opportunities4 
,lime is especially valuable = plant    
food & also to make o!r k9ds  ( plant   
food available4 ,crops (t5 fail 9 soil  
:]e !re is pl5ty  ( plant food1 because 

x is n 9 ! =m t ! plants c use4  ,lime  
ha/5s ! decay ( vegetable matt]1 sweet5s
 s\r soil1 &  greatly improves ! texture
 ( clay soils4 ,besides ?is x c\nt]acts 
magnesium 9 ! soil & de/roys its bad    
effects4 ,b lime may n be  appli$       
c>elessly1 because1 al?\gh "s plants _c 
live )\t  x1 "s require a v small       
quantity4 7,x is1 !re=e1 wise to s5d  a 
sample ( ! soil1 to write :at we want to
 gr[1 to ! ne>e/  ,gov]nm5t exp]im5t    
/ation1 :o w probably sugge/ :at c\ld be
  done ) x1 to make x productive47    ,!
 "r degree ( w>m? is ano!r plant        
necessity4 ,! be/  temp]ature = plants  
g5]ally is #hf ( ! ord9>y !rmomet]  7#cj
 ,c5tigrade74 ,?is1 h[ev]1 dep5ds ^u !  
plant4 ,! 8be/  temp]ature0 v>ies ) !   
species & v>iety4 ,usually1 if ! soil   
is hott] ?an t1 gr[? /ops1 & if ! great]
 heat is kept up1  ! plant dies4 ,:5 !  
temp]ature is l[]$1 gr[? ceases be=e    
freez+ po9t is rea*$4 ,"s few plants may
 be froz5 )\t injury  if !y are all[$ to
 ?aw sl[ly1 b mo/ ( !m are easily kill$ 

by ! fro/4 ,too great heat or too mu*   
cold acts ! same z lack (  wat]2 ! heat 
causes too great evaporation1 ! cold    
prev5ts !  roots tak+ 9 ! wat]4         
,%+les /uck 9 ! gr\nd on ! sunny side w 
s]ve to protect  "y plants f sun & ra91 
:ile cool soil may be _h by us+  ! %ady 
places1 or by %elt]+ ! gr\nd ) flat %$s 
! ro(  bo>ds ( :i* h op5 spaces betwe5  
!m z wide z ! bo>ds4  ,?is is done 9 "s 
s\!rn tobacco fields4    ,x is ! law (  
nature t liv+ cells mu/ h a con/ant     
supply  ( oxyg51 t is :y a t> wa%       
sometimes kills plants by cutt+  (f !   
air supply4 ,9 ! same way1 too wet soil 
or too h>d a cru/  smo!rs ! roots & !   
plants die4 ,! surface soil %\ld be kept
  loose & suffici5tly dry1 s t ! air c  
circulate4 ,if ?is be  prev5t$1 ! soil  
becomes h>d & s\r & unfit to fe$ plants4
    ,x is ( ! greate/ importance to keep
 ! soil op5 & loose by  prop] tillage1 s
 z to make plants heal?y & vigor\s4     
,?\gh plants ne$ air !y %\ld be protect$
 f draughts &  sudd5 bla/s ( air1 :e!r  

hot or cold4 ,= ?is reason1 !           
intellig5t g>d5] w consid] ! effect (   
w9d ^u 8 crops  & :]e necess>y w plant  
w9dbreaks4 ,if y look ab\t y1 y  _c fail
 to see ! ill effects ( /rong w9ds 9 !  
odd %apes  ( =e/ trees2 & 9 badly       
arrang$ g>d5s y w f9d ! same  effects 9 
! fruit trees & small fruit bu%es & 9 ! 
/unt$  crops4 ,plants %ape !mselves to  
_! surr\nd+s1 & ! way !y  %ape !mselves 
is det]m9$ by inh]it$ qualities2 s x may
 be  said t ! success ( ! plant dep5ds  
^u its surr\nd+s &  ^u ! se$ x came f4  
,,footnotes3    #c ,,note4--,9 reg>d to 
muck soils1 x is n a case ( excess (    
nitrog5 b lack ( pota% :i* makes pota%  
valuable = su*4  ,samuel ,fras]4        
,,*apt] ,,viii4                         
,,crop ,,rotation4      ,9 agriculture  
on a l>ge scale ! difficulty is h[ to   
arrange !  f>m bus9ess s z to make x    
pay4 ,x is only ( late t we are  beg9n+ 
to und]/& t agriculture is a bus9ess1 & 
t to  make x pay "o mu/ apply bus9ess   
pr9ciples4 ,! be/ f>m] is n  necess>ily 

! "o :o kn[s ! mo/ 8,sci5ce10 b ! "o :o 
is  able to fit 8 sci5ce1 8 facts & 8   
bus9ess 9 toge!r4    ,! m>ket value (   
special crops is s high t ! gr[] c af=d 
to provide ! extra manure & o!r exp5sive
 mat]ials to keep !  l& 9 good          
condition4 ,?is is ! *ief reason = ! use
 ( great  quantities ( /able manure 9   
m>ket-g>d5+1 f> great] quantities  ?an  
are ne$$ = m]e food ( ! crops4 ,s if y  
f9d t y are  advis$ to use m manure on  
y\r small plot ?an "s f>m] y "k  uses on
 8 big field1 d n feel t y are be+      
impos$ ^u4 ,he  c\ld n af=d to use s mu*
 & y _c af=d to use less4 ,!  f>m] on a 
l>ge scale has to let "p ( 8 l[ pric$ l&
 re/ 9  clov] once 9 a :ile4 ,y _c af=d 
to let any ( y\r small  area re/1 s y   
mu/ make up to ! l& by giv+ x plant food
  en\gh4    ,9 ^! days ma*9]y has made s
 _m wond]ful *anges 9 !  managem5t (    
crops t ! f>m] :o /icks to ! old f>m+   
cu/oms has no *ance ( mak+ m ?an a liv+4
 ,:5 ! c\ntry  0 new1 x 0 ! practice to 
f>m "o section until x 0  exhau/$1 & !n 

to move to fre% soil4 ,! f>m] 0 sav$ !  
bo!r ( cultivat+1 z virg9 soil ne$$     
practically only to be  plant$ to br+ =?
 a good h>ve/4 ,b conditions h *ang$  & 
! virg9 soil left today is n important 9
 ! f>m+  possibilities4 ,!re=e1 we h _h 
to look = o!r means (  gett+ crops &    
mak+ e in* ( l& d its %>e4 ,we no long] 
all[ l& to lie fall[ t x may re/ & r5ew 
itself4 ,we r5ew x  by f]tiliz+ & by    
rotation ( crops4 ,crop rotation is v   
valuable  because x is a sav+ ( f]tiliz]
 & labor1 & keeps ! soil  9 good        
condition4 ,?is has be5 prov$ by        
exp]im5ts made )\t  manure1 dep5d+      
entirely ^u rotation = f]tiliz+1 :i*    
gave  excell5t results4    ,!re are     
probably a doz5 or m good reasons = !   
value ( crop  rotation :i* h n yet be5  
discov]$ & =mulat$1 b !  foll[+ are well
 kn[n3    ,"s crops t5d to correct !    
faults ( o!rs4 ,x has be5 prov$  t !    
cont9u\s gr[+ ( "o crop injures ! soil 9
 "s  respect1 & ! crop falls (f bo? 9   
quantity & quality4 ,rotation  t5ds to  

ov]come ?is difficulty4 ,!n1 too1 ?is   
rotation works out  & ev5s up !         
inequalities ( ! soil1 p>tly ?r\gh !    
diff]5t  treatm5t requir$ by ! diff]5t  
crops4    ,diff]5t plants draw diff]5t  
portions ( food f ! soil & at  diff]5t  
times4 ,by rotation ^! heavy drafts on !
 plant food d  n come at ! same times1 &
 ! seasons get a *ance to ev5 up !      
inequalities4    ,diff]5t plant food    
gets mix$ into ! soil1 s t ! roots c    
fe$ on x1 by ! decay ( ! p>ts left 9 !  
gr\nd or :i*  are pl[$ "u4 ,b ! greate/ 
b5efit comes f ! nitrog5  comp\nds ?r\gh
 gr[+ plants1 su* z c[peas1 crimson     
clov]1  etc42 ^! 8legum9\s0 plants h    
little knots or tub]s on _!  roots ) !  
my/]i\s p[] ( ga!r+ ! free nitrog5 out (
  ! soil or air1 & turn+ x back aga9 to 
! soil 9 condition to  be us$ by o!r    
plants4 ,n[ nitrog5 is ! h>de/ to keep &
 !  mo/ exp5sive ( all ! plant foods t !
 f>m] has to buy1 &  to get ?is nitrog5 
is sometimes ! only reason he has = buy+
  *emical f]tiliz]s4    ,?is %[s !      

importance ( legum9\s crops to ! f>m4   
,!y supply  ?is nitrog5 at almo/ no co/1
 or at a pr(it4    ,"s plants h m p[]   
?an o!rs to use ! cont5ts ( !  subsoil1 
& may draw less on ! upp] soil1 & fur!r1
 by _!  decay may add ri*ness to ! e>?4 
,mo/ legumes h ?is p[] to  take n\ri%m5t
 f ! subsoil4    ,well-plann$ rotation  
helps to ma9ta9 ! supply ( decay$ /uff  
9 ! soil1 on :i* ! plants fe$4 ,x also  
improves ! soil's  texture4 ,moreov]1 x 
n only less5s ! necessity = mu* *emical 
f]tiliz]1 b x puts ^? f]tiliz]s to bett]
 use4 ,:]e live  /ock is kept1 crops    
%\ld be rais$ to fe$ ! /ock to make     
manure4    ,rotation is1 also1 a plan = 
clean+ ! soil4 ,diff]5t we$s &  insects 
gr[ aft] diff]5t crops & ! succession or
 8rotation0 z  we call x1 prev5ts any   
k9d gett+ a secure hold4    ,x enables !
 f>m] to meet ! dem&s ( ! m>ket1 by     
cont9u\s  crops4                        
,,*apt] ,,ix4                           
,,we$s4      ,x is n en\gh to "k :at to 
gr[1 y mu/ also "k :at n to  gr[ =      

pr(it1 9 a g>d5 pat*2 & fir/ 9 ?is class
 come we$s4  ,/udy !m until y "k ev5 _! 
se$s4 ,y _c expect to get  rid ( we$s   
until y "k ! nature ( !m & ! be/ way to 
attack !m1 s t !y may be readily        
de/roy$4 ,if y run across  any common   
ones t y _c place1 s5d sample to !      
,dep>tm5t (  ,agriculture4 ,!y w tell y 
all ab\t !m4 ,get f ! ,dep>tm5t  ,f>m]'s
 ,bullet9 #bh on 8,we$s & ,h[ to ,kill  
,!m40 ,all ?is w pay4    ,"o ( ! mo/    
common ( ! we$s ( ! nor? is ! pigwe$4   
,?is  is ! gr[? ( "o ye> & c be de/roy$ 
by simply prev5t+  x f runn+ to se$4 ,a 
ye> or two w cle> out ev5 ! mo/  ob/9ate
 gr[? ( pigwe$4    ,mu/>d1 planta91     
*ess1 dodd]1 cockle1 crab-grass &       
,jimsonwe$  are ! mo/ disagreeable ( !  
common we$s4 ,! be/ "t to kill  !m is :5
 !y are small2 !re=e1 y %\ld keep !     
gr\nd  con/antly /irr$ up t ! "y we$s   
may n h a *ance to  get a firm hold ( ! 
soil4 ,if !y d get a />t on y1 don't let
  !m rip54 ,cut !m d[n be=e !y run to   
se$ at all4 ,nev] let up  9 y\r w> ^u   

!m4 ,t advice holds good = all we$s1    
:e!r  !y be annuals1 :i* die e ye>1     
bi5nials t la/ = two  ye>s1 or p]5nials 
t c /& ! w9t]s4 ,! bi5nials commonly    
f\nd are wild c>rot1 ?i/le1 mo? mulle91 
wild p>snip & burdock4  ,^! are be/     
de/roy$ by cutt+ ! roots bel[ ! leaves )
 a  grubb+ hoe or spud4 ,be sure !y are 
cut l[ en\gh1 else !y w  bran* out &    
make new se$s4    ,"s we$s live m ?an   
two ye>s & are call$ p]5nials1 su*  z _m
 grasses1 dock1 ,canada ?i/le1 poison   
ivy1 passion-fl[]1  horse-nettle1 etc4  
,! be/ ?+ to d ) !m is to dig !m out  & 
take !m away4 ,crude sulphuric acid     
appli$ to ! soil kills  !m1 or !y may be
 />v$ by cov]+ !m ) bo>ds or )  lay]s ( 
/raw4 ,if !y come up ?r\gh ! /raw1 lift 
x up a bit  & let x fall aga94 ,!re is  
yet ano!r me?od1 & if y h  ! "t & l& to 
sp>e1 y w f9d x a good "o4 ,smo!r !m    
out by a d5se gr[? ( useful plants4 ,"s 
use buck:eat & o!rs  c[peas4 ,! c[peas  
are to be pref]r$ z !y enri* ! soil by  
! nitrog5 _! roots ga!r4 ,& t is ano!r  

/ory t has its  own "t & place4 ,j n[ we
 are consid]+ we$s1 & y w  f9d t !y w   
keep y consid]+ mo/ ( ! "t1 = ! only    
good ?+ s f> kn[n ab\t !m is1 t !y make 
ev5 lazy f>m]s  till _! crops1 if !y h  
any4 ,left to !mselves1 we$s %ade !     
crops1 /eal _! n\ri%m5t1 wa/e moi/ure1 &
 probably poison !  soil4 ,n ev5 a      
mortgage c eat up a f>m]'s pr(its l     
we$s4                                   
,,*apt] ,x4                             
,,insects ,,& ,,diseases4      ,! wise  
g>d5] uses ! spray to prev5t disease & !
 attacks  ( insects1 in/ead ( wait+ to  
fight !m aft] !y h arriv$4  ,b if !y    
attack y\r g>d5 y mu/ fight !m          
intellig5tly &  )\t ceas+4    ,!        
de/ruction by insects1 is1 g5]ally      
speak+1 easily se51 b  diseases ( plants
 are n s pla91 & h only be5 c>efully    
/udi$ ev5 by exp]ts dur+ ! pa/ fifty    
ye>s4 ,at pres5t1 all  we "k is h[ to   
fight insects & diseases by diff]5t     
sub/ances1  put on or ab\t ! plants4 ,z 
fre% discov]ies are con/antly be+  made1

 we w "s day get rid ( all ^!           
difficulties4 ,x is always  bett] to get
 ! advice ( an exp]t :5 insects or      
diseases become  tr\blesome4    ,any?+ 9
 ! soil or surr\nd+s ( y\r g>d5 :i*     
int]f]es  ) ! plants dur+ ! gr[+ season1
 weak5s ! crop & lays  x op5 to attacks4
 ,plants are l *ildr54 ,if !y are badly 
f$1  poorly clo!d1 ill h\s$ or neglect$1
 !y are f> m likely to  become diseas$  
?an if !y are kept 9 a good /ate4 ,s    
look aft]  y\r dra9age1 ! "* ( ! soil & 
! sort ( cultivation  y give x4 ,all ^! 
help ! crop to )/& disease4 ,on ! big   
we/]n :eat fields1 x has be5 f\nd t     
dra9age has a mo/ m>k$  effect ^u       
blights1 wilts & ru/4 ,undra9$ :eat     
sections suff]  greatly f ru/4    ,j h[ 
diseases are caught by "o plant or      
section ( a g>d5 f  ano!r1 is n fully   
kn[n1 b we "k t insects (t5 c>ry        
infection f "o to ano!r1 z 9 fruit trees
 to :i* bees g =  honey4 ,! bee1 com+ f 
an infect$ tree to a p]fectly heal?y    
tree1 may br+ ) x ! g]ms ( ! disease or 

! eggs ( !  pe/4 ,_m sci5tific m5 n[    
hold t plant diseases are transmitt$  by
 g]ms1 :i* are c>ri$ n by insects only b
 also by ! w9d  & ! wat] 9 ! soil4    ,!
 wrong use ( f]tiliz]s or b>ny>d manure 
may (t5 induce  disease1 simply because 
! unbalanc$ food supply causes          
irregul>ity  9 gr[?1 :i* weak5s !       
plant's resi/+ p[]4 ,:at is call$  a    
8balanc$ ration10 is ( ! utmo/          
importance to plants4 ,x is n  en\gh t !
 soil conta9 an abundance ( "s ( !      
elem5ts (  plant food1 b t x conta9 all 
( !m 9 nice proportion1 s t  ! plant c  
draw all x ne$s1 & n be ov]f$ 9 "s ways 
&  und]f$ 9 o!rs4 ,t is :y we add humus1
 :y we f]tilize1 :y we  cultivate1 & :y 
we take note ( our plants :ile gr[+4    
,only 9  ?is way c we supply _! wants4  
,we$s spread diseases & we %\ld be a%am$
 ( !m4 ,n only are  !y usually favorable
 to ! gr[? ( insects1 scales & blights1 
b "s k9ds ( we$s actually bre$ ^!       
p>asites4 ,moreov]1 !y  rob ! soil (    
n\ri%m5t dur+ ! dry1 hot spells1 ?us    

br++  ab\t v>i\s k9ds ( rots & mildews4 
,& n[ x is suppos$ t  !y give out a k9d 
( poison1 or excrem5t1 :i* r5d]s ! soil 
unfit = crops4 ,all ?is %[s ! necessity 
( clean cultivation if  we w\ld help our
 crops to resi/ bo? insects & diseases4 
,,*apt] ,,xi4                           
,,re-,,soil+4      ,!re is a good deal (
 talk ^! days ab\t re-soil+1 b ! ^w  is 
mislead+4 ,we _c re-soil ?is e>? or any 
"p ( x4 ,! soil  is !re = keeps4 ,x 0 "h
 be=e u1 & w rema9 aft] we are  gone4   
,all we c d is to put back into ! soil  
"s ( ! vegetable  matt] ( :i* we h robb$
 x2 & ?is is really :at we h 9  m9d :5  
we speak ( re-soil+4 ,p h ! habit ( co9+
  almo/ mean+less words1 & !n wond]+ :y 
ev]ybody does n  "k at once :at !y meant
 to say4    ,:at we are aft] is1 to put 
humus1 :i* is really decay$ vegetable   
matt]1 back into ! soil4 ,!n t natural  
f]tility1 ( :i* we  h be5 talk+1 w h a  
*ance to get to "w4    ,illu/ration3    
,,w9t] ,,resid5ts ,,9 ,a ,,summ] ,,camp4
    ,n[1 decay$ vegetable matt] is "p ( 

:at makes up /able &  b>ny>d manure1    
/reet & /able sweep+s2 b1 9 practice1   
?is  does n af=d en\gh humus3 t is "o   
reason :y crops ( clov]1  c[peas1       
velvet-bean1 buck:eat1 etc41 are (t5    
gr[n only to be  pl[$ into ! gr\nd 9 !  
fall4 ,^! are ! gre5 manures :i*  decay 
& become a "p ( ! soil be=e ! next      
plant+ season4  ,soil f]tiliz$ 9 ?is way
 w be ri*]1 moi/]1 d>k]1 ?an soil       
f]tiliz$ solely by /able manure or      
comm]cial f]tiliz]4 ,soils t  conta9    
en\gh plant food to supply crops = a    
?\s& ye>s to come1  are (t5 b>r5 or     
yield b a nigg>dly crop4 ,?is may be    
because  !y lack humus1 :i* is ! key t  
unlocks ! /ore ( plant food  9 ! soil1 &
 makes x available = ! se$s & t5d]      
rootlets4  ,h[ mu* m humus may d1 we d n
 yet "k1 b e ye> fre%  discov]ies are   
made1 & if we are to be b5efit$ by !m1  
we mu/  get ourselves ready = ! new     
tru?s by us+ ^? already kn[n4    ,on 8  
fam\s f>m 9 ,birm+ham1 ,pa41 8,bob0     
,se$s pl[s 8 c[horn  turnips1 tops &    

all1 into ! e>? 9 ! fall1 & by spr+ !y  
h decay$4 ,he says :]ev] a turnip has   
rott$1 y c see !  diff]5ce 9 ! color ( !
 soil ev5 "s di/ance away1 & !          
abundance ( ! next season's crop %[s h[ 
quickly ,nature responds  :5 we "w ) h]4
    ,all v9es & g>d5 wa/e may be us$ =  
humus if pl[$ into !  gr\nd 9 ! fall1   
unless !y h be5 infe/$ ) insects or     
tr\bl$ by diseases4 ,x is well e/abli%$1
 t insects & _!  eggs manage to live ov]
 ! w9t] by ! aid ( v9es & refuse  left  
ly+ ab\t1 z well z by we$s t ! c>eless  
f>m] has  fail$ to de/roy4 ,x is well to
 cut all we$s1 n only ^? t  bo!r y 9 y\r
 g>d51 b also ^? t gr[ along ! road1  z 
(t5 _! se$s are c>ri$ by ! w9d or !     
birds into y\r  g>d5 pat*4 ,ga!r !m into
 a heap & burn !m1 add+ to y\r  bonfire 
all ! sickly1 dead1 diseas$1 or         
insect-ridd5 v9es &  plants1 &          
completely de/roy !m4 ,y may be sure t !
 bugs on  ^? p>ticul> plants w n bo!r y 
next ye>4 ,:at y lose  9 possible humus 
by ?is practice1 y c make up by gr[+    

gre5  manure1 or ev5 by buy+ "s ( !     
prep>$ humus mat]ials n[ on  ! m>ket4   
,! ,long ,isl& ,agronomi/1 9 a rec5t    
issue1 tells ( "o ( ^!  mat]ials :i*    
comes f ,new ,j]sey1 & consi/s (        
innum]able  rootlets1 leaf-fibres &     
vegetable matt] ( all descriptions4 ,x  
is  ga!r$ f ! peatbogs ( ,new ,j]sey &  
is really ! wa% f  m\nta9s & hills c>ri$
 d[n by /reams 9 fre%et times1 until  "s
 level 0 rea*$ :]e ?is deposit 0 made4  
,:5 spread on !  l& or mix$ ) ! e>?1 x  
is f\nd to hold mu* moi/ure1 =  ea*     
p>ticle swells up z if x 7 a sponge1 & !
 crops plant$  on soil treat$ ) ?is     
prep>ation d rem>kably well4 ,x 0 s  v  
exp5sive at fir/ z to be almo/          
prohibitive except = v  valuable crops1 
b ! price is n[ su* t _m a man c af=d to
  use x1 especially if he _c af=d ! "t  
or space to gr[ 8  own gre5 manure4     
,no?+ looks nic] ab\t a h\se ?an a gre5 
lawn1 )  smoo?-cropp$1 velvety surface1 
b no?+ is h>d] to ma9ta9  aft] a few    
ye>s ( cropp+4 ,?is is because a        

well-kept lawn is  c>efully rak$ aft]   
ea* clipp+1 & is kept free f fall+      
leaves or o!r vegetable wa/e matt]4 ,x  
mu/ be admitt$ t !  g5]al effect is     
bett]1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! lawn /ret*es f  !
 front ( ! h\se to ! roadside4 ,b ! lawn
 is1 nev]!less1  be+ />v$1 & ?\gh wat]$ 
e day x _c keep up its  velvety surface 
indef9itely1 unless suppli$ ) ! food x  
ne$s4  ,?is is ,nature's own secret =   
repl5i%+ ! e>? ) good crops1  & all y   
ne$ d is to obs]ve :at is go+ on ar\nd  
y1 to f9d  daily pro( ( x4    ,to quote 
,mr4 ,se$s aga93 8,e two ye>s1 we ought 
to s[ clean blue  grass or lawn grass   
se$ ov] ! lawn4 ,i pref] to m[ (t5 &    
leave  ! clipp+s on ! lawn4 ,x is !     
blanket & vegetable matt] t  w d ! lawn 
good4 ,e few ye>s ,i cov] ! lawn )      
b>ny>d  manure1 9 ! fall2 let x lie !re 
all w9t] & t :i* we rake  (f 9 ! spr+ we
 put on ! g>d54 ,?is is a little tr\ble1
 b ,i  want to say t ,i made m money    
creat+ my lawn ?an ,i ev] did 9  tak+ a 
fat ox f ! /all1 or a bu%el ( potatoes f

 my cell>4    8,a man w /& on ! public  
road 9 front ( my place1 & give me  m = 
my prop]ty on acc\nt ( my lawn2 b money 
is n ! only  ?+ 9 ! _w4 ,! lawn makes ! 
boys & girls want to /ay on  ! f>m4 ,x  
is on our lawn t we sp5d our sp>e mom5ts
 on ,sundays1  ent]ta9+ our fri5ds1 9 ! 
summ]2 & !re1 b5ea? ! %ade  ( #8! old   
apple-tree1' ! smoke curls m beautifully
 f my  *imney ?an f any o!r ,i ev] saw40
    ,s !re is no reason :y y %\ld n h a 
good lawn1 z well z  a good g>d51 if y w
 supply :at ! grass roots want4 ,& x  is
 true t ! lawn is a g5u9e asset4 ,! man 
:o is too busy to  bo!r ) mak+ a lawn1  
or to sit on x ) 8 family 9 sp>e        
mom5ts1 ev5 ?\gh x takes a good deal (  
contriv+ to sp>e ^?  mom5ts1 is ! man   
:o1 by & by1 is go+ to compla9 t 8  boys
 & girls h left ! old place1 & t 8f>m+  
is mighty  exp5sive ) all hir$ help40   
,unless y h made y\rself & y\r  family  
happy1 y w n h a*iev$ success1 no matt] 
h[ mu*  weal? y may get4 ,give y\r crops
 & y\r *ildr5 :at !y ne$  = _! be/      

developm5t1 & y w f9d no?+ to compla9 ( 
ei!r 9 p>5?ood or 9 f>m+4               
,,*apt] ,,xii4                          
,,h[ ,,to ,,"w4      ,if y are only j   
beg9n+ to exp]im5t ) g>d5+1 & feel  t a 
fre% supply ( fruits & vegetables f ,may
 until ,*ri/mas  w\ld satisfy y = ! fir/
 ye> or s1 y w f9d a plot #ajj   #bjj   
feet q l>ge en\gh to fe$ y\r family & a 
little m  besides4 ,if y\r plot has n   
be5 us$ = a long "t1 y w h  to d y\r    
pl[+1 if y c1 ! fall be=e y plant x4    
,?is w  give ! fro/ a *ance to sweet5 ! 
soil1 & x is v likely to  ne$ a good    
deal ( sweet5+4 ,mo/ y>d soils h become 
acid1 &  9 an acid soil little w gr[4 ,x
 comes f ! e>? hav+ be5  s long pack$   
d[n t ! air has _h no *ance to          
circulate1 &  fre% air sweet5s y\r soil 
j z x does y\r h\se4    ,x is n good to 
put /able manure on an acid soil4 ,:at x
 wants is  a little slak$ lime or pla/]1
 to help ! sweet5+ process4 ,"s         
sci5ti/s claim t we c f9d out :e!r or n 
soil is acid by  ! use ( blue litmus    

pap]1 :i* y c get at any druggi/'s4 ,op5
  ! soil to a dep? ( six in*es & put 9 !
 litmus pap]1 draw+  ! e>? close up to  
x4 ,exam9e x 9 #bj m9utes1 & if !re is  
any acid pres5t1 ! pap] w h turn$ r$4   
,?is te/ is /ill  be+ exp]im5t$ on4#d   
,if y\r l& is 9 prop] condition to      
manure1 use ab\t tw5ty-five  heap+      
wagon-loads to ! acre be=e pl[+ 9 ! e>ly
 spr+1 &  !n use a disc or cutaway h>r[ 
until y h made ! soil z f9e  z du/4 ,!n 
y h good plant+ conditions4    ,h[ mu* (
 ! discont5t ) f>m+ & g>d5+ may h aris5 
f ! old me?od ( plant+ 9 b$s1 x is h>d  
to say4 ,b t  cause = dissatisfaction no
 long] exi/s4 ,we n[ plant 9 long r[s   
f> en\gh ap>t to all[ ! use ( ! :eel-hoe
 9 cultivat+ !  l>ge & small plants     
alike1 )\t hav+ to readju/ ! blades4  ,!
 :eel-hoe is "o ( ! mo/ useful ( f>m    
tools1 & has done  away ) mo/ ( !       
back-break+ "w ( h&-we$+4    ,we _c use 
! :eel-hoe on b$s2 t is :y we n[ plant 9
 r[s4  ,if y\r plot all[s r[s "o hundr$ 
feet long1 y w f9d "o r[  ( any         

vegetable en\gh = family use4 ,let !m   
run crosswise ( !  slope ( ! gr\nd if   
y\r pat* is n level1 else ! ra9 may make
  *annels ( y\r se$ r[s4 ,if possible1  
*oose a s\!rn exposure  = y\r g>d52     
because ?is gets all ! sun1 x w be e>li]
  ?an less favor$ exposures4 ,lay out a 
plan ( y\r l& & "w )  a def9ite purpose4
 ,! 8rule ( ?umb0 is no m satisfactory 9
  g>d5+ ?an 9 c>p5t]+4    ,if ! slope ( 
y\r l& all[s x1 run y\r r[s nor? & s\?1 
s t ea* r[ may get ! sun f ! ea/ 9 !    
morn+1 &  f ! we/ 9 ! aft]noon4 ,put    
asp>agus1 rhub>b1 sweet h]bs  & o!r     
p]man5t vegetables 9 a r[ at "o side1 s 
!y may n  int]f]e ) ! pl[+ ( ! re/ ( !  
g>d54    ,plant vegetables ( ! same     
height toge!r1 s f> z ! tillage  requir$
 w all[4 ,put ! tall ones at ! back1 s z
 n to %ade  ! o!rs4 ,if y h a h$ge1 a   
build+ or a /rip ( woods z a  w9dbreak  
on ! side :]e ! w9d bl[s wor/ 9 w9t]1 y 
w  get vegetables a =tnight e>li] 9 !   
spr+1 & probably a mon?  lat] 9 ! fall4 
,! m protect$ ! g>d51 ! w>m] ! soil1  & 

w>m soil means quick & abundant returns4
 ,t is "o reason :y  we use s mu*       
manure4 ,x w>ms & quick5s ! soil4       
,plant vegetables t rip5 at ! same "t z 
ne> toge!r z _!  size1 habits & tillage 
requirem5ts w p]mit4    ,practice       
rotation2 = in/ance1 lima beans %\ld n  
imm$iately  foll[ /r+ beans or peas4 ,z 
f> z possible1 keep ! plants  subject to
 ! same insects & diseases toge!r4 ,x is
 easi] to  treat !m1 & besides1 x leaves
 ! o!r portions ( ! plot  un9fe/$1 if !y
 get s bad t y h to *ange ! position (  
! plants4    ,if y are gr[+ fruits1 y   
c\ld plant a r[ ( apple trees ab\t      
fifte5 feet ap>t on ! nor!rn bord]1     
plums & pe>s on !  we/1 & *]ries &      
pea*es on ! ea/ side4 ,!n if y c\ld put 
a grape-trellis next ! apples1 & a r[ ( 
gooseb]ry1 currant1  raspb]ry &         
blackb]ry bu%es 9 front ( ! grapev9es1 y
 w  h a w9dbreak z a protection aga9/ ! 
nor? w9ds1 :i* w  prove pr(itable 9     
itself z well z 9 its s]vice to !       
vegetables4    ,transplant freely2 ne>ly

 all vegetables are ! bett] = x1        
especially lettuce & o!r salad plants4  
,s[ se$ ?ickly 9 !  fir/ place4 ,y c    
easily ?9 out or transplant1 b y _c     
increase ! numb] ( plants if y h s[n    
?9ly4 ,ev5 a small  proportion ( weak   
se$ t w\ld n spr\t w\ld s]i\sly affect  
y\r crop4 ,besides1 :]e y s[ ?ickly1 y c
 af=d to we$ out  all b ! be/ & /ockie/1
 & y are ?us do+ some?+ to  improve !   
/ra94    ,keep y\r soil busy all ! "t4  
,dr4 ,watts said1 8,satan f9ds "s       
mis*ief /ill1 = idle h&s to d10 & t     
might be p>aphras$  to read t 8,nature  
has great /ore ( we$s 9 idle l&s to     
gr[40  8,we$s are ! f>m]'s be/ fri5d1 !y
 =ce him to cultivate40  ,b t fri5d%ip  
is only true :]e x has t effect4 ,! f>m]
  :o lets ! we$s gr[ ei!r 9 ! g>d5 r[s  
or 9 ! walks  & h$ges1 is go+ to f9d !m 
8 wor/ enemy4 ,!y poison &  suffocate 8 
crop1 & are also regul> incubators (    
insects &  diseases4 ,! be/ way to fight
 !m is to />ve !m out ) pay+  crops4    
,!re=e1 z soon z "o crop beg9s to rip51 

plant ano!r1  & !n ano!r1 & s on4 ,to   
gr[ b "o crop is risky1 unless  y are   
specializ+ & h prep>$ ! be/ possible    
conditions  = t "o crop4 ,= a special   
m>ket ?is is v pr(itable4 ,b  usually   
companion-cropp+ is be/4 ,t gives two   
crops 9 ! gr\nd  at ! same "t1 "o matur+
 be=e ! o!r ne$s ! space4 ,?us  late    
cel]y may be plant$ betwe5 ! r[s ( e>ly 
cel]y2 lettuce  ) e>ly cabbage2 radi%es 
) beets or c>rots2 corn ) squa%1        
pumpk9s or beans1 & horse-radi% ) e>ly  
onions or caulifl[]4    ,irrigation =   
arid soils & dra9age = wet or clayey    
soils1 are  ! two opposite me?ods :i*   
br+ a/\nd+ results4 ,any sort  ( dra9age
 is bett] ?an no dra9age1 b ! be/ =m s  
f>  discov]$ is ! tile dra9 laid ab\t   
two & a half to f\r feet  bel[ !        
surface4 ,?is c>ries away ! surplus wat]
 & prev5ts  ! roots ( ! crops be+       
suffocat$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 irrigation     
supplies to ! dry l&s ! moi/ure !y ne$4 
,! trem5d\s  irrigation works c>ri$ on  
by ! ,gov]nm5t 9 ! s&y1 hi!rto  b>r51   

rea*es ( ! we/1 are br++ results ev5 m  
trem5d\s  ?an ! works4    ,h>d1 wet soil
 w n gr[ crops & "h is :]e ! advantage  
( dra9+ comes 94 ,dra9age deep5s !      
subsoil & removes !  wat]2 x deep5s !   
surface also & makes m ( ! plant food 9 
! soil available4 ,wet soil is /icky &  
h>d = ! se$s to pu%  _! way ?r\gh2 b    
dra9age w improve its texture & make x  
crumble & fall ap>t easily1 or z !      
exp]ts say1 x w make x  8friable40 ,at !
 same "t x w prev5t x wa%+ or 8lea*+0   
away4 ,b ev5 ?is does n tell all ( !    
advantages ( dra9age4 ,x  w>ms ! soil & 
by mak+ ! gr\nd m por\s all[s ! roots to
  g deep] 9 se>* ( _! food & moi/ure4   
,?is 9 turn enables  plants to )/&      
dr\ght & hot wea!r bett] & makes returns
  m sure4 ,x also p]mits work+ ! gr\nd  
e>li] 9 ! spr+ &  aft] ra9s1 because1 ! 
m por\s ! soil1 ! quick] x absorbs  &   
/ores moi/ure t comes 9 ra94    ,!re are
 g]ms 9 ! soil :i* *ange ! nitrog5 into 
nitrates1  ! =m 9 :i* nitrog5 becomes ! 
real plant food1 & dra9age  favors !    

developm5t ( ^! g]ms4 ,y see h[         
important good  dra9age is4    ,get !   
tools y ne$4 ,y _c af=d to be )\t       
implem5ts if  y are cultivat+           
int5sively4 ,t does n mean t y mu/ get  
all ! adv]tis$ g>d5 tools1 or ev5 all t 
y\r neighbor has4  ,al?\gh a tool may be
 ! be/ ( its k9d1 t is n reason en\gh  =
 buy+ x4 ,y mu/ h a use = x on y\r plot4
 ,get :atev]  y h a use =1 & get only ! 
be/4 ,x pays 9 ! long run4    ,a li/ (  
tools & co/s is giv5 9 8,?ree ,acres10 &
 9 8,a ,little  ,l&10 s x is necess>y   
only to note "h t ! spad+ =k is a  f>   
bett] tool ?an ! spade2 "s g>d5]s nev]  
use a spade4 ,!  spad+-=k is easi] to   
use & breaks ! soil mu* bett]4    ,!    
se$]1 atta*$ to ! :eel-hoe1 is also a   
sav] ( labor &  ( se$3 x makes ! r[s q  
/raight1 s t !y are easy to  keep free f
 we$s2 x drops ! se$s at ev5 di/ances & 
if  y\r soil is z f9e z x %\ld be1 x    
cov]s !m all j deep  en\gh--provid$ y h 
le>n$ to fix ! gauges "r to />t on4     
,comb9ation tools1 ^? t d sev]al diff]5t

 ?+s1 sometimes  "w well1 b !y usually  
get out ( repair quickly1 & are apt  to 
puzzle ! beg9n]4 ,get ! be/ & simple/ =m
 ( ! tool  y want1 & keep x always 9    
condition = use4 ,tools t are  n clean$ 
aft] use are spread]s ( disease4        
,cleanl9ess prev5ts  & cures4 ,see to x 
t y\r cultivat+ tools1 y\r h>ve/+       
baskets & bags1 & y\r /orage b9s are    
?or\ghly clean$1 &  y w soon disc\rage !
 bugs4 ,!y w reg>d y z cold &           
unsympa!tic1 & y\r g>d5 z a place to be 
avoid$4    ,don't be afraid to use      
manure1 bo? /able & gre51 & :5 y  mu/1  
use comm]cial f]tiliz]4 ,b ?is is       
exp5sive & is only  pr(itable "u        
p>ticul> crops4 ,y won't ne$ x1 if y    
keep !  soil suppli$ ) humus4    ,don't 
wa/e kit*5 slops or any o!r wa/e wat]4  
,x all has  f]tiliz+ qualities t w help 
y\r g>d54 ,ev5 9 ! w9t] x  is a good    
plan to p\r y\r slops on ! gr\nd1 *oos+ 
a diff]5t  spot ea* day s t no "o place 
may get too wet & leave surface  pools4 
,mank9d 9 ! lump is /upid1 s /upid t we 

dra9 our  f]tiliz+ matt] into our h>bors
 & !n dig x out aga9 at !  co/ ( f\r    
doll>s ! y>d4    ,b y ne$ n be s /upid z
 t4 ,ev5 "s ( our cities are n[  le>n+ !
 value ( sewage1 notably ,san ,antonio1 
,texas4 ,?is city1  ) its #he1jjj       
inhabitants1 has solv$ ! problem ( :at  
to d )  its sewage1 al?\gh ! city fa!rs 
leas$ ! rights to a private             
corporation1 in/ead ( provid+ = ! city's
 own disposal ( x4  ,?is company c>ries 
! sewage six miles out ( t[n1 & has     
built  five miles ( canal1 ?r\gh :i* !  
surplus sewage n us$ 9  irrigat+1 fl[s  
^u a filt]-b$ :]e all solids are remov$1
 &  ! wat] runs into a big bas9 :i*     
cov]s ab\t #ajjj acres4 ,?is  bas9 be+ v
 %all[1 ! sun's rays rea* ! bottom ( x1 
&  purify ! wat]1 s t1 ?\gh x ent]s "o  
end ( ?is bas9 z  sewage1 x fl[s out ( !
 o!r z pure wat]4 ,*emical analyses &   
te/s h prov$ ?is _m times ov]1 & we     
might take a h9t f  ?is at home to      
8raise our d>k5$ w9d[s & op5 wide our   
doors1 to  let ! bless$ sun%9e 940 ,x is

 ! be/ de/roy] ( disease &  impurity yet
 discov]$4    ,! company's acres along !
 l9e ( ! canal pr(it$ s mu* f  ?is      
irrigation1 t f>m]s soon began to       
pur*ase ! irrigat+  sewage wat] = use on
 _! =age crop fields1 & = root crops    
p>ticul>ly4 ,! solids are spread on !   
surface ( ! l&s ^u  :i* ! cle>1 purifi$ 
wat] is to be us$1 & ! results h  be5   
mo/ satisfactory4 ,san ,antonio really  
makes a pr(it out ( t  :i* is co/+ o!r  
cities millions e ye>1 & 9 do+ ?is  has 
%[n u ano!r way to "w1 9 br++ into use  
all l&s t  are available 9 any way =    
int5sive cultivation4    ,pl5ty ( manure
 & ?or\gh cultivation are almo/ a       
complete  protection aga9/ dr\ght4 ,if y
 h pl[$ deep1 manur$  ?or\ghly1 add$    
humus & ma9ta9$ tillage1 y c laugh at ! 
dr\ght t w\ld once h spell$ ru9 = ! f>m]
 9 any "p  ( ! c\ntry4 ,y h be5 told ?is
 be=e 9 ?is v book1 b  t is no reason :y
 x %\ld n be repeat$4 ,x is ( su* great 
importance1 t ! av]age f>m] w\ld make no
 mi/ake if he _h x  made into a motto   

pr9t$ 9 l>ge & /rik+ type1 & hung x :]e 
he c\ld see x a doz5 times a day4 ,x is 
"p ( ! 8,h[ to ,"w10  & a mighty big "p1
 z y w le>n1 :e!r y practice x or       
neglect x4    ,use y\r bra9s2 t's :at !y
 are =4 ,aft] y get y\r f>m  />t$1 y c  
get *eap & un9tellig5t labor1 to keep x 
go+1  if y wi%2 b y c only reap a pr(it 
f intellig5t labor1  & y mu/ furni% !   
intellig5ce y\rself4 ,plan y\r "w1 &    
make ! mo/ ( y\r soil1 y\r climate & y\r
 m>ket4 ,?+s t  ev]ybody gr[s br+ l[    
prices1 b ?+s t y alone gr[1 or  t y gr[
 bett] ?an y\r neighbors1 br+ good      
returns all !  ye> r\nd4    ,we h to    
le>n1 y "k1 & if we won't le>n by do+ "r
  & pr(it+ by x1 !n we %all h to le>n by
 do+ wrong &  suff]+ = x--8! way (      
transgressors is h>d40    ,if y h v     
little "t or v little l&1 y w probably  
get  ! be/ return = y\r "t & money by   
gr[+ radi%es e>ly 9  ! season ) lettuce1
 foll[$ by bu%-beans or tomatoes & !n   
sweet corn4    ,put "s na/urtiums 9 any 
odd space & climb+ na/urtiums &         

morn+-glories on y\r f5ce1 & y w h a v  
cr$itable  look+ g>d5--big returns =    
little exp5ditures4    ,if y hav5't got 
any l&1 don't let t disc\rage y3 gr[  "s
 ?+s 9 a w9d[ box & le>n h[1 s t y h    
le>n$  some?+ :5 y d get "s l&4    ,y c 
gr[ mu%rooms 9 half a b>rel 9 ! cell>4  
,! ?+ to d  is to get />t$ gr[+ some?+4 
,,footnotes3    #d ,,note4--,ano!r way  
is to mix a little soil ) ra9 wat]1 /ir 
x  well1 & put ! litmus pap] 9 x4 ,pure 
ra9 wat] is ! only wat]  t c be         
successfully us$ 9 ?is te/4             
,"p ,,ii4                               
,,*apt] ,,xiii4                         
,,root ,,crops4      ,root crops are    
usually gr[n 9 drills & are n ord9>ily  
transplant$4 ,!y are h>dy & require     
little skill 9 ! g>d5]1  b !y ne$ a cool
 season & deep soil s z to gr[ long1    
firm &  well %ap$4 ,! quick] !y gr[ !   
bett] ! quality1 s t  9 ! nor? x is     
necess>y to w>m ! soil ) /able manure & 
h x 9 good condition4 ,good til? helps  
quick gr[? & !re=e  improves ! quality2 

s t x re/s ) ! g>d5] to make 8  root    
crops among ! fir/ & ! be/ 9 ! m>ket4 ,!
 price ( a  root crop dep5ds almo/      
entirely ^u its looks1 s h z few side   
roots z possible1 & cut (f ^? t may     
develop 9 spite ( c>e4  ,=k$ or bran*$  
roots %\ld n be mix$ 9 :5 we m>ket1 =   
ev5 a few su* specim5s less5 ! price (  
all4    ,e>ly crops1 su* z radi%es1     
beets1 c>rots & turnips1 are sold 9     
bun*es ( #f to #ab4 ,all 9 ! bun* %\ld  
be ( ! same size &  %ape & ti$ neatly   
ar\nd ! leaf-/alks ) a cord4 ,! leaves  
are left on ^! e>ly vegetables1 s !y    
%\ld be kept cool &  moi/1 z wilt$      
leaves also spoil ! sale price4 ,beauty 
may be only  8sk9 deep10 b x comm&s !   
m>ket4    ,late root crops sell 9 bulk1 
& h>ve/+ !m is ! h>de/ "w  connect$ )   
root crops4 ,x is well to pl[ !m out1   
cut (f !  tops1 & all[ ! roots to lie 9 
! sun only until ! soil is dry  en\gh to
 %ake (f4 ,!y are !n ready = /or+ 9 pit 
or cell>1  & are easy to keep4          
,,radi%es4    ,! radi% is ! e>lie/ root 

crop1 & ! quicke/ gr[+4 ,x is  ready =  
m>ket 9 ?ree to six weeks aft] plant+ ! 
se$2 s x  is a great f9ancial help to "o
 :o is j />t+ a g>d54 ,x is a  h>dy crop
 requir+ r cool wea!r or %ade4 ,! radi% 
responds  well to hot-b$ culture & !    
e>lie/ spr+ v>ieties are usually  gr[n t
 way4 ,b ev5 = plant+ 9 ! op5 g>d5 y ne$
 n  wait long4 ,soak+ ! se$s w save     
sev]al days4 ,z soon z y  c "w ! gr\nd1 
ev5 be=e all ! fro/s are ov]1 radi%es   
may  be s[n1 provid$ !re has be5 good   
prep>ation-tillage4 ,to secure  crisp1  
edible radi%es1 ! gr[? mu/ be cont9u\s4 
,any int]ruption  9 developm5t1 or an   
ov]gr[?1 makes ! root /r+y1 bitt] &  (t5
 holl[4 ,see t ^? 9 ea* ( y\r bun*es are
 ev5-siz$ &  bright & clean1 s t !y w   
look l ! delicacy t !y  are4 ,a prime   
bun* ( radi%es is z pretty z a b\quet4  
,! radi% is a p>tial season crop1 & is1 
!re=e1 suit$ = all  sorts (             
d\ble-cropp+4 ,x is (t5 s[n %all[ 9 !   
same drills  ) ! o!r vegetables ( lat]  
gr[?1 because x matures s e>ly  t x     

breaks ! e>? cru/ = ! sl[] se$s4        
,radi%es may also  be s[n betwe5 r[s (  
cabbages1 beans1 peas1 etc41 or broadca/
 9  b$s by !mselves4 ,"o ounce ( se$ w  
s[ ab\t #ajj feet ( drill  or eight to  
t5 p\nds to ! acre4    ,s[ ! se$s       
"o-half in* deep 7bett] s[ too %all[ ?an
 too deep7  9 r[s #f to #ab in*es ap>t1 
if y h only a little plot2 or 9  long   
r[s a little f>!r ap>t if y use a       
:eel-hoe4 ,drop two or  ?ree se$s to !  
in*2 ?is c be done only ) a se$] atta*$ 
to ! :eel-hoe frame3 lat]1 ?9 out !     
se$l+s to ab\t two  in*es ap>t4 ,only   
l>ge se$s %\ld be us$1 ! small ones be+ 
too sl[ matur+4 ,!y may be s[n at regul>
 int]vals ( sev5 to  t5 days all ?r\gh !
 spr+4 ,x is usually difficult to gr[   
good  radi%es 9 summ]1 unless y c select
 a cool spot & keep ! soil  cool1 b "s  
sorts ( radi%es d well 9 ! hot wea!r4   
,al?\gh  9 ,am]ica ! radi% is be/ kn[n z
 an e>ly spr+ crop1 x may  also be gr[n 
= w9t] use if plant$ 9 ,july or ,augu/1 
& /or$  l turnips or o!r root crops4 ,! 

tops make good gre5s = boil+4    ,!     
radi% is ! easie/ ( crops to gr[1 & has 
only "o s]i\s  enemy1 ! root maggot4    
,?is insect is "o ( ! cabbage enemies   
also1  & c be de/roy$ by inject+        
bisulphide ( c>bon 9 ! soil1  b t       
treatm5t is too exp5sive = ! returns f  
radi%es4 ,!  mo/ effective way is to s[ 
! radi%es :]e ! maggot has n be5  bre$+1
 & ?us />ve ! pe/ out4    ,! mo/ popul> 
v>ieties ( radi% are ! ,fr5* ,breakfa/1 
,olive-%ap$1 ,sc>let ,%ort-top1 ,*>ti]1 
,wood ,e>ly ,frame1 & ,:ite  ,box4 ,^? t
 gr[ well 9 summ] are ,:ite ,naples1    
,:ite ,vi5na1  ,/rasburg & ,/uttg>t1    
:ile = use 9 w9t] ,sc>let ,*9ese1 ,black
  ,spani% & ,:ite ,spani% are be/4      
,,beets4    ,beets1 l radi%es1 are a    
h>dy crop requir+ a loose1 ri* soil  &  
cont9u\s gr[? to rea* _! be/ & quicke/  
developm5t4  ,!y are easy to raise &    
respond readily to good tillage4 ,! e>ly
  or g>d5 beet is usually a succession  
or companion crop1 because x  may be    
plant$ e>ly & matures quickly4 ,al?\gh  

mo/ k9ds require  two or ?ree mon?s =   
matur+1 yet ) "s ( ! e>ly v>ieties      
roots l>ge en\gh = bun*+ may be _h 9 six
 weeks to two mon?s4  ,! quicke/ sorts  
are ! r\nd or ne>ly r\nd v>ieties1 :i*  
may  almo/ be call$ surface fe$]s4 ,=   
?is reason !y require soil 9  excell5t  
til? & ! ri*e/1 well-rott$ b>ny>d       
manure4 ,inde$1  ! wise g>d5] w pl[ 8 l&
 9 ! fall1 & pl[ x deeply1  too2 !n z   
soon z x c be work$ 9 ! spr+ run !      
cultivator  & h>r[ ov] x1 & plant ! se$ 
ab\t #a in*es deep 9 r[s  f #ab to #ah  
in*es ap>t4 ,! l& mu/ be kept well till$
 & free  f we$s1 especially dur+ ! e>ly 
"p ( ! season4 ,! long  field-crop beet 
is n[ v little gr[n1 z ! e>ly v>ieties  
may  be s[n late 9 ! season = fall &    
w9t] use1 & ! ,s\!rn  gr[n beets co/    
less 9 ! late w9t] ?an x does to gr[ &  
/ore  !m4 ,ev5 9 fe$+ cattle1 ! beet has
 be5 l>gely sup]s$$  by ! mangel1 s t   
few are gr[n except ! %ort r\nd sorts = 
table use4 ,! sug> beet is a field crop4
    ,! se$s 7:i* are really fruits1     

conta9+ )9 a h>d %ell f\r  or five se$s 
ea*7 require a great deal ( moi/ure to  
g]m9ate4 ,"s  g>d5]s advocate ?r[+ !m   
into hot wat] & all[+ !m to  soak = six 
or eight h\rs be=e plant+4 ,?is makes !m
 spr\t  m quickly4 ,beets come up 9     
clumps & mu/ be c>efully ?9n$1  until !y
 /& #f to #h in*es ap>t1 al?\gh ?is is n
 done until  ! tops are suffici5tly gr[n
 to sell = 8gre5s40 ,9 ?is way !re  is  
no wa/e1 s9ce top & root alike are us$ z
 a pot-h]b4 ,!  contra/ ( ! gre5 leaves 
) clean roots attracts cu/om]s4    ,if y
 plant beets e>ly 9 ! season1 say z soon
 z ! gr\nd c  be work$1 !y may be foll[$
 by cel]y1 late potatoes1 cabbage or    
caulifl[]2 or !y may be gr[n at ! same  
"t betwe5 ! r[s  ( "s ma9 season crop l 
cabbage4 ,if plant$ 9 hot-b$s or        
cold-frames x w n pay to transplant !m1 
z !y mature v  e>ly "u su* conditions1 &
 may be bun*$ & sold )\t t  labor4 ,9   
,july or ,augu/1 & 9 "s places ev5 9    
,septemb]1 !  turnip-root$ v>iety may be
 s[n = fall & e>ly w9t] use1 b  special 

att5tion mu/ be giv5 to till+ !m s t !  
soil may  n be too dry4 ,! be/ & firme/ 
( ! roots may be /or$ =  w9t] use1 & =  
bett] prices4    ,e>ly beets are sold 9 
bun*es ( six1 b late crops are sold 9   
baskets or b>rels4 ,five to eight p\nds 
( se$ are ne$$ = ea*  acre2 "o ounce w  
s[ f #ge to #ajj feet ( drill4 ,! av]age
 crop  is f #cjj to #djj bu%els to !    
acre4    ,beets h ?ree s]i\s diseases3  
root-rot1 = :i* apply lime to  ! soil2  
leaf-spot1 kept 9 *eck by spray+ )      
,bordeaux mixture2  scab1 = :i* ! only  
cure n[ us$ is n to plant :]e ! l&  is  
infe/$4    ,beets respond to special    
f]tiliz]s1 :i* may be us$ if ! soil is  
already ri* 9 plant food1 & ! m>ket w   
af=d en\gh pr(it  to pay = ! extra      
exp5se4 ,at ! ,new ,j]sey ,exp]im5t     
,/ation  f #djj to #gjj p\nds ( nitrate 
( soda well-work$ into ! soil  be=e !   
plants 7 set out1 increas$ ! yield f #aj
 to #bc p]  c5t42 & ! e>l9ess all ! way 
f #ag to #ace p] c5t4 ,9 !  8,f>m]'s    
,cyclop$ia ( ,agriculture10 ,messrs4    

,wilcox & ,smi? ( !  ,dep>tm5t (        
,agriculture1 say t 8:]e e>l9ess is (   
prim>y  importance1 nitrate ( soda c be 
us$ ) pr(it ) ?is crop ev5  on ! ri*e/ (
 soils40    ,if y c't get y\r root crops
 e>ly1 get !m late4 ,:5 ! m]cury  goes  
away d[n1 ! prices g away up4           
,,c>rots4    ,besides be+ a h>dy crop t 
may be plant$ 9 ! e>ly spr+ z  soon z ! 
gr\nd c be work$1 c>rots h ! advantage (
 hav+  no s]i\s insects or diseases4 ,!y
 require a clean1 mell[ soil1  t w n    
8bake0 ov] ! se$s1 & ! be/ ( surface    
tillage4  ,c>rot se$s are s small & s   
sl[ 9 spr\t+1 t x is good  practice to  
plant radi%es or turnips or o!r quick   
se$s 9 !  same r[1 to help break ! cru/ 
= ! t5d] se$l+s4 ,! "y  c>rots h su* a  
slight hold ^u ! soil1 t !y ne$ pett+1  
only ! %all[e/1 surface tillage be+     
possible1 yet sc>cely  any ( ! g>d5     
crops ne$ tillage m4 ,b once let !      
c>rots  get e/abli%$ 9 ! soil1 & !y are 
easy to gr[ & give good  returns4 ,!y   
are s[n ?ickly ab\t "o in* deep 9 r[s f 

#ab  to #ah in*es ap>t4 ,:5 !y are well 
up1 !y %\ld be c>efully  ?9n$ s z to /& 
two to ?ree in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,! e>ly  
v>ieties w be> =c+ & respond to hot-b$  
culture1 b !y  are sl[] ( gr[? ?an      
radi%es or beets1 requir+ f two to two  
& a half mon?s to be ready = m>ket4 ,!y 
are ti$ 9 bun*es (  six ) ! tops left   
on1 & are 9 great dem& 9 ! e>ly season  
:5 small & bright & t5d]4    ,c>rots are
 ( two ma9 types1 ! e>ly1 small v>iety &
 ! l>ge  sort gr[n 9 ! field = w9t] use4
 ,! l>ge k9d is n mu*  gr[n1 because !  
small] v>ieties may be plant$ late =    
w9t]  use1 & z fe$ = /ock1 c>rots are no
 bett] ?an ! l>g]  root crops4 ,if y gr[
 ! e>ly v>iety = w9t] use1 y w  ne$ to  
be sure t ! soil is 9 good til?1 z dry  
or we$y soil  w\ld be fatal to c>rots4  
,maybe y are tir$ ( read+ t all  ^!     
crops ne$ good tillage2 b y w be mu* m  
tir$ if y  neglect x4 ,?is crop may be  
s[n z late z ! middle ( ,june 9 !       
,nor!rn ,/ates1 & ! gr\nd %\ld be s[n ) 
"s e>ly crop1  l radi%es1 to keep x 9   

good condition until ne$$ = ! late      
c>rots4    ,c>rot se$ is s[n ?ickly1    
ab\t two p\nds ( se$ be+ requir$  = an  
acre1 or "o ounce to ab\t #cjj feet (   
drill$ r[1 if !  se$ is fre%4 ,a good   
crop ( c>rots is f #bjj to #cjj bu%els  
p]  acre4    ,! be/ v>ieties are ! ,e>ly
 ,=c+1 :i* may be gr[n 9  hot-b$s1      
cold-frames1 op5 g>d5 9 ! spr+1 & also 9
 ! fall  = home use2 ! half-long ,danv]s
 = a good1 reliable mid-season  crop & !
 ,long ,sc>let = a good late crop4      
,^! root crops are among ! prettie/     
8fancy goods0--:]e !y c  be sold        
directly to well-to-d p !y br+ fancy    
prices4                                 
,,turnips4    ,! turnip is su* an easy  
crop to gr[ t ! g>d5] w\ld h  a snap ) x
 if x 7 n = ! snap t ! root maggot has4 
,x is a h>dy1 quick-gr[+ crop1 requir+ a
 cool1 %ort season  & a moi/ soil4 ,!   
turnip is s h>dy t ! h]bage c be>       
consid]able cold )\t real injury1 s t :5
 gr[n = w9t]  use x is left /&+ 9 !     
field until ! black fro/s2 b !  roots w 

n /& su* h>d freez+ z p>snips or        
salsify4    ,turnips %\ld be plant$ 9   
moi/1 ri* soil to insure quick  spr\t+1 
because _! *ief value z food is ! result
 ( rapid  gr[?4 ,l ! radi%1 ! turnip1 if
 x gr[s sl[ly1 is likely  to be t\gh1   
woody & /r+y4 ,true turnip has s(t1 :ite
 fle%  7sometimes ! boys eat x raw7 & ! 
roots are flatly r\nd$1 :ile  ! leaves  
are r\gh & hairy4 ,! se$ is s[n z soon z
 ! soil  c be got ready 9 ! spr+ = !    
e>ly crop1 & z late z !  la/ week 9     
,july 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 or ! middle ( 
,augu/ 9  ! ,middle ,/ates1 = a fall    
crop4 ,!y are ready = ! table 9 six  to 
t5 weeks4 ,turnips are plant$ f #a to #a
 in*es deep 9 drills  f #aj to #ah in*es
 ap>t2 "o ounce ( se$ = e #bjj to #cjj  
feet1 or "o p\nd to ! acre4 ,plants %\ld
 be ?9n$ until !y  /& ?ree or f\r in*es 
ap>t1 & lat]1 z ! roots are pull$1 a    
foot ( space w all[ ( full developm5t4  
,turnips suff] s f root maggot1 t :]e ! 
l& has become  infe/$ ) ?is pe/1 x is   
bett] n to try to gr[ !m until  !       

insects are />v$ out1 because ! only    
effective treatm5t t  we h f\nd s f> is 
to inject bisulphide ( c>bon into !     
soil1  :i* co/s too mu* = turnip crops4 
,,p>snips4    ,unless y\r               
prep>ation-tillage has be5 ?or\gh1 !re w
 be no  good p>snips = y4 ,!y require   
cool1 v deep soil 9 excell5t  til? to   
make good roots a foot long1 /raight1   
clean & tap]+4 ,a  lumpy or %all[ soil  
makes ! roots bran*y1 & ( little m>ket  
value4 ,p>snips are usually s[n 9       
drills1 f> en\gh ap>t to let !  :eel-hoe
 92 s[ ?ickly & !n ?9 out ! r[s1 leav+  
plants  ab\t six to eight in*es ap>t4   
,we h to s[ ?ickly because "s  se$s may 
be bad1 = p>snip se$ does n reta9 its   
life = m  ?an two seasons4 ,an ounce (  
fre% se$ w d = #bjj to #bej feet (      
drill1 or ab\t f\r p\nds to six p\nds to
 ! acre4    ,! se$s spr\t s sl[ly t x is
 well to plant "s quick-gr[+  se$ ) !m  
to break ! soil1 else x may h to be     
brok5 by  h&4 ,! p>snip is h>dy & ! se$s
 may be s[n z soon z !  gr\nd c be put 9

 condition1 b x mu/ be ! ma9 crop1 = x  
takes ! :ole season to gr[ ! long roots4
 ,! roots may be left  9 ! gr\nd until !
 next spr+1 z ! h>d w9t] freezes d n    
injure !m4 ,9 t case y mu/ /ore a l>ge  
"p ( ! crop 9  cool pits or cell>s1     
because ! be/ price is obta9$ 9 ! late  
w9t] or v e>ly spr+ :5 ! gr\nd is (t5   
froz5 s h>d  t y c't pull ! roots up4 ,x
 w\ld n pay to bla/ !m out1  y "k4 ,!re 
ne$ be no wa/e :]e /ock is kept1 because
 !  ragg$ roots make excell5t fe$4 ,!   
,holl[ ,cr[n & ! ,/ud5t  v>ieties are ! 
/&>ds4 ,a good crop is #ejj to #fjj     
bu%els to !  acre1 b "u good conditions1
 ?is c be bett]$4 ,no s]i\s pe/s  or    
diseases consume ! p>snips1 s m5 & /ock 
get all t gr[4                          
,,salsify4    ,! salsify plant ta/es s l
 an oy/] t x is call$ ! oy/]  plant4 ,x 
is gr[n = kit*5 use only1 n = /ock4 ,l  
its  c\s91 ! p>snip1 x mu/ be s[n 9     
deep1 ri* soil & giv5 !  :ole season to 
mature4 ,salsify c be left 9 ! gr\nd all
 w9t]1  unless x is ne$$ = ! late w9t]  

or e>ly spr+ m>ket4 ,!  se$s spr\t      
quickly & may be s[n z e>ly z ! soil is 
ready4  ,l beet se$1 ! salsify se$ is   
really a fruit1 long & h>d  l a /ick1 & 
x is some:at difficult to use a se$     
drill 9  s[+ !m4 ,an ounce ( se$ s[s    
only ab\t #gj feet ( drill2 an  acre    
requires eight to t5 p\nds & a good     
yield is f #bjj to #cjj  bu%els p] acre4
 ,!re are no s]i\s insects or diseases4 
,!re are two important modifications (  
salsify kn[n z ,black ,salsify  &       
,spani% ,salsify4 ,! regul> type is a   
bi5nial1 ?\gh cultivat$  z an annual1   
becom+ wild & los+ its fle%y root if    
left 9 !  gr\nd long]2 b ! ,black1 :i*  
is gr[n j ! same z ! ma9  type1 is      
p]5nial1 & ! roots cont9ue to enl>ge1   
yet to rema9  edible1 ?\gh left 9 !     
gr\nd m ?an "o ye>4 ,x has broad]       
leaves ?an ! regul> salsify & a long    
black root1 yell[ fl[]s  & light se$s4  
,spani% salsify is n g5]ally kn[n 9 ?is 
c\ntry4 ,its root is  mu* light] 9 color
 & n s /rong 9 flavor1 b ) c>eful  cook+

 x develops o!r qualities ( its own t   
are mo/ agreeable4  ,moreov]1 x is      
easily cultivat$ & yields l>g] returns  
?an !  regul> salsify & ! av]age p]son  
w\ld n "k ! diff]5ce4  ,x is s[n &      
cultivat$ j z salsify is1 & :5 blea*$ ! 
"y leaves are eat5 l c>doons1 t is1 z a 
pot-h]b4                                
,,horse-,,radi%4    ,al?\gh horse-radi% 
is a p]5nial1 x gets woody ! second ye>1
 s  t ! m>ket g>d5]s gr[ x f fre%       
cutt+s1 call$ 8,sets10  e ye>4 ,^!      
cutt+s are tak5 (f ! side roots1 f ?ree 
to  sev5 in*es long1 & f ! ?ickness ( a 
lead-p5cil to t  ( a little f+]4 ,!     
cutt+s are made :5 ! roots are dug 9  ! 
fall & may be /or$ all w9t]4            
,horse-radi% gr[s v easily1  b z x is a 
late season crop1 & ne$s cool soil1 !re 
is no?+  ga9$ by plant+ x e>ly4 ,x      
requires v deep soil if ! roots  are to 
gr[ /raight1 long & t5d]4 ,only long1   
l>ge1 ev5 %ap$  & uni=m roots br+ any   
price 9 ! m>ket4 ,x may be plant$ )     
e>ly cabbage or beets1 & :5 !y are      

h>ve/$1 ! horse-radi%  takes ! l&4 ,x w 
gr[ until freez+ wea!r & is ! bett]  =  
be+ left 9 ! gr\nd z late z possible4   
,sets are plant$  ei!r upright or       
slant+1 ?ree to five in*es bel[ !       
surface  & f twelve to eighte5 in*es    
ap>t 9 r[s4 ,if !y gr[ too  fa/ !y may  
be cut d[n two or ?ree times1 z         
horse-radi% /&s  consid]able ill-usage1 
if x is plant$ deep & 9 good soil4 ,be=e
  s5d+ to m>ket1 wa% ! roots & trim !m (
 all side %oots2 tie  !m 9 bun*es ( six 
or eight2 or !y may be sold 9 bulk or by
 !  b>rel4 ,! price ranges f t5 to fifty
 doll>s a ton1 & 9 good  ri* soil f\r   
tons c be rais$ to ! acre4 ,! usual     
yield is only  two tons4 ,! extra two   
come f kn[+ h[4    ,b horse-radi% c     
easily become a bad we$1 = we$s are only
  plants misplac$4 ,s pl[ ! roots out z 
soon z y h dug y\r  crop & h !m remov$4 
,al?\gh x is next to impossible to get  
!m all out1 !y _c d mu* h>m if ! gr\nd  
is kept ?or\ghly  busy ) "s o!r crop4   
,!re is a good deal ( ! ,old ,nick 9    

,nature1 & :]ev] %e f9ds idle l& %e sets
 to "w to gr[  we$s4 ,%e w\ld j z       
readily help y\r crops2 s x is = y to   
pr(it by h] will+ness4                  
,,*apt] ,,xiv4                          
,,tub] ,,crops4                         
,,potatoes4    ,a heavy yield ( potatoes
 may be simply a matt] ( moi/ure &      
frequ5t tillage4 ,! potato likes        
,scotl&#e & ,nova ,scotia because  x    
?rives be/ 9 deep1 cool1 moi/ soil1     
f9ely pulv]iz$ &  conta9+ mu* pota%4    
,kn[+ ! conditions "u :i* any crop  gr[s
 well1 is equival5t to gr[+ a big crop1 
to ! c>eful f>m]1  s if y want "s       
potatoes1 y may z well get ! mo/        
possible4  ,! av]age f>m] raises #ge    
bu%els to ! acre1 b x pays to be  above 
! av]age4 ,y ought to be a%am$ to gr[   
less ?an #bjj or  #cjj bu%els ev5 tak+  
#ge z a />t+ po9t1 =1 :5 y consid]  t by
 ! ex]cise ( bra9s & labor1 all ! way f 
#fjj to #acjj  bu%els p] acre h be5     
produc$1 y may well decide to prove :at 
y c d4 ,y h a *ance to beat ! record4   

,potatoes %\ld be plant$ deep & e>ly4   
,if !y are plant$ too ne>  ! surface !y 
w rip5 be=e !y are fully gr[n or maybe  
get  sunburn$ & unfit = eat+4 ,*oose y\r
 be/ potatoes = se$1  if y plant f y\r  
own crop2 or buy only ! be/ v>ieties1 if
  y mu/ buy4 ,b x is well to rememb] t  
!re is always dang]  9 potato se$ rais$ 
else:]e ?an on y\r own pat* :]e y c     
wat* conditions4 ,don't use a potato =  
se$ if x has a black ?read  runn+ ?r\gh 
x2 a r\gh5$ or irregul> circle on ! sk91
 or a  holl[ c5t]4 ,burn all su*2 else y
 w h diseas$ crops &  give y\rself no   
end ( tr\ble & exp5se4 ,plant ! se$s at 
lea/  f\r in*es deep & pl[ !m 94 ,!     
surface %\ld be h>r[$ two  or ?ree times
 be=e ! plants come up1 & ! crop %\ld h 
light1 surface till+s five to eight o!r 
times dur+ ! season4    ,potatoes are   
plant$ 9 8drills0 or cont9u\s furr[s1   
#bg to #db in*es  ap>t1 at int]vals ( #i
 to #ah in*es1 & x requires f #h to #ah 
bu%els ( potatoes to plant an acre4 ,mo/
 f>m]s plant too sp>+ly4  ,!re has be5  

mu* book discussion z to ! size ( se$   
cutt+s1  b ! mo/ economical size is "o  
weigh+ ab\t ?ree ounces or  ! size ( a  
l>ge h5's egg1 ) at lea/ "o good eye4 ,!
 potato  cutt+ is food2 !re=e ! l>g] !  
cutt+ ! m food1 &  ! m food ! bett] e>ly
 gr[?1 & ! bett] ! e>ly gr[?  ! bett] ! 
yield4 ,bailey claims t a piece conta9+ 
too _m  eyes means too _m spr\ts cont5d+
 = t food & ea* weak5+  ! o!r 9 !       
/ruggle = its own exi/5ce4    ,= e>ly   
potatoes1 ! only ones t c pay 9 a small 
plot1  rememb] five diff]5t ?+s3 7#a7   
good site & an e>ly soil2 7#b7  l&      
prep>$ ei!r by special pl[+ ! fall be=e1
 or by gr[+  late-till$ crops1 t ! soil 
may be 9 good til?2 7#c7 free use  (    
conc5trat$1 quick-act+ f]tiliz]s2 7#d7  
e>ly v>ieties (  potatoes2 7#e7 spr\t+ !
 sets1 s t ! %ort1 ?ick1 firm1  color$  
%oots are secur$4 ,to secure ^!1 light &
 a mod]ate  degree ( w>m?1 #dj-ej1 is   
ne$$4 ,no?+ pays bett] ?an  spr\t+4     
,no crop ne$s spray+ m4 ,unless x is    
frequ5tly spray$1 x is  almo/ c]ta9 to  

be attack$ by ! potato bug1 !           
flea-beetle &  blight1 & ! yield cut    
d[n4 ,dry ,p>is gre5 puff$ on :ile !    
leaves are damp ) dew1 ends ! tr\bles ( 
! bug1 & ,bordeaux  mixture c be spray$ 
= blight4 ,no specific has yet be5      
discov]$  = ! flea-beetle1 b x does f>  
less damage :]e ,bordeaux mixture  is   
freely us$4 ,i h he>d ( lett+ ! *ick5s  
loose on !  flea-beetles4               
,,sweet ,,potatoes4    ,! common or     
,iri% potato does badly 9 ! ,s\?1 except
 z an e>ly  crop1 because ! climate is  
too w>m1 b :]e ! common potato  suff]s1 
! sweet potato ?rives4 ,x requires a    
w>m1 sunny climate1  a long season1 &   
w>m1 loose soil1 ) pl5ty ( moi/ure dur+ 
gr[+ "t1 & less dur+ rip5+4 ,x is v t5d]
 & _c  /& fro/4 ,x is gr[n ext5sively z 
f> nor? z ! s&y l&s (  ,new ,j]sey4     
,! soil mu/ be ri*1 loose1 & well dra9$ 
& lib]ally f]tiliz$  ) well-rott$       
manure4 ,wood a%es w help ! gr[? ( !    
tub]  mo/ satisfactorily4    ,only "o   
v>iety ( sweet potato1 ! ,spani%1 is cut

 & plant$ l  ! common potato4 ,all o!r  
v>ieties are gr[n f 8slips10 or1 z  !y  
are sometimes call$1 8draws40 ,a :ole   
potato is laid on a hot-b$  & cov]$ ) a 
c\ple ( in*es ( loose soil or leaf-m\ld4
 ,v  soon x beg9s to spr\t & :5 ! %oots 
are f ?ree to five  in*es high1 !y are  
brok5 (f next ! tub]1 & plant$4 ,_!     
roots h already begun to =m & ^! are !  
8slips40 ,! same  potato or tub]1 w give
 ano!r set ( slips if all[$ to rema9 9  
! gr\nd4 ,9 ! extreme s\? no hot-b$ is  
necess>y to />t !  spr\t+4    ,ano!r    
me?od ( obta9+ slips is f cutt+s f !    
ends (  ! v9es4 ,take cutt+s f #aj to   
#ab in*es long1 f ! e>lie/  plant$ or ! 
mo/ vigor\s v9es4 ,hav+ remov$ all !    
leaves  except ^? at ! v tip1 plant !   
cutt+ ly+ d[n ) only  an in* or two ( ! 
tip %[+4 ,! r[s %\ld be ab\t ?ree feet  
ap>t & ! slips 9 ! r[ #ah in*es ap>t4 ,!
 av]age yield is  f #bjj to #djj bu%els 
p] acre4    ,sweet potatoes suff] f     
sev]al fung\s diseases :i* are discuss$ 
9 ,new ,j]sey ,exp]im5t ,/ation bullet9s

 on ,sweet ,potato ,culture4  ,leaf     
blight may be *eck$ by ! use ( ,bordeaux
 mixture1 b rotation  is ! cure = tub]  
crop diseases4      ,,footnotes3    #e  
,irel& is n really ! l& ( ! 8praties02 !
 av]age yield  ( ,great ,brita9 is high]
 ?an ( ,irel&4                          
,,*apt] ,,xv4                           
,,bulb ,,crops4      ,all bulb crops are
 h>dy1 lik+ cool seasons & moi/ ri* soil
 )  a loose top4 ,z a rule !y are se$-b$
 crops1 b are s[n e>ly 9  ! op5 field4  
,!y gr[ f se$s or bulbs & may be rais$ z
 ma9  or second>y crops & treat$ l      
onions4 ,_! tops are (t5 us$  = season+4
                                        
,,leeks4    ,to ! av]age ,am]ican1 !re  
is b "o important bulb crop1 !  onion1 b
 ! =eign-born use g>lic1 leek & o!rs    
also4 ,( ^!  ! leek is ! milde/ flavor$ 
& ! be/ wor? kn[+4 ,x is  gr[n f se$ s[n
 9 ! e>ly spr+1 & requires ! :ole season
  to rea* full developm5t4 ,x produces  
s(t bulbs & ?ick leaves1  bo? be+ us$ = 
season+4 ,! leek is /or$ gre51 z cel]y  

is1  be+ set 9 e>? 9 a pit or cell>4    
,,g>lic4    ,! g>lic is ! /ronge/ ( all 
! bulb family 9 flavor4 ,x is  gr[n f   
8cloves10 z ! sep>ate sections ( ! bulb 
are call$1  & is plant$ e>ly4 ,x does n 
fully mature until ! end ( !  summ] or  
e>ly fall4                              
,,%allot4    ,%allot is mu* l g>lic1    
only x is mild]1 & is gr[n 9 !  same    
way4 ,!re is "o int]e/+ diff]5ce1 h[ev]1
 betwe5 !  two4 ,! 8cloves0 ( ! g>lic   
are all encas$ 9 "o out] sk91  ^? ( !   
%allot gr[ sep>ately4                   
,,cib\le ,,& ,,cives4    ,! ,cib\le or  
,wel% onion1 & ,cives1 are gr[n = _!    
leaves :i*  are us$ = season+4 ,!       
,cib\le is ! mo/ l ! common onion  &    
gr[s ! same way & requires ! same       
cultivation4 ,cives gr[  9 d5se tufts & 
are propagat$ by sep>at+ ! tufts &      
plant+  a section4 ,!y are p]5nial1 &   
make a good bord] = ! g>d5  walk1 comb9+
 grace & too?som5ess4                   
,,onions4    ,x pays to gr[ onions      
intellig5tly4 ,!y take lots ( c>e1 b !y 

repay ! "t & tr\ble4    ,y _c get ! be/ 
results f onions by beg9n+ n[1 at !     
mom5t y />t y\r g>d51 to s[ y\r se$4    
,onions require t  y %\ld beg9 la/ ye>1 
s to speak4 ,! gr\nd %\ld be well  pl[$ 
9 ! fall1 aft] hav+ be5 9 use ) good    
tillage all  ! previ\s season1 & !      
surface soil mu/ be 9 sup]-excell5t     
condition4 ,! onion is practically a    
surface fe$]1 & z ! se$  spr\ts sl[ly1 &
 ! baby plants are delicate &           
sl5d]-root$1  conditions mu/ be         
absolutely "r = a good gr[?4 ,9 fact1 no
  o!r vegetable crop1 gr[n on a l>ge    
scale1 requires su* f9e  surface soil4  
,h>d or bak$ soil is sure to give a poor
 crop4 ,!  surface mu/ be kept loose & 9
 good til?1 & l[1 level l& is  ! be/    
place = y\r onion pat*4    ,:5 ! gr\nd  
has be5 pl[$1 g ov] x c>efully & break  
up all  ! clods or lumps1 & remove all  
/ones & we$s4 ,d n use co>se1  fre%     
/able manures1 z t leaves ! gr\nd too   
co>se 9 texture1  & moreov] increases ! 
probability ( we$s1 & we$s are dea?  to 

onions4 ,only f9e1 old1 well-rott$ /able
 manure may be us$1 &  ?is mu/ n be pl[$
 "u1 z x is ! surface soil :i* mu/ be   
ri*4 ,comm]cial f]tiliz]s1 especially ! 
sorts ri* 9 pota%1 are  ( great value 9 
gr[+ onions1 &1 because ( _! pota%1 wood
  a%es make an excell5t top dress+ = !  
onion pat*4 ,keep ! soil  f9ely pulv]iz$
 & y w !n h ideal conditions = plant+   
y\r crop4 ,next get good se$4 ,good     
onions (t5 give poor se$1 b  *eap se$   
always means poor onions1 s buy ! be/   
se$ always4    ,reclaim$ m>%es1 fre$ f  
roots & peat1 & ?or\ghly  f]tiliz$1 are 
ideal places = gr[+ onions4 ,! r[s or   
drills1  :i* mu/ be #ad in*es ap>t1 mu/ 
also be p]fectly /raight1 else  !       
necess>y cultivation _c be giv54 ,! crop
 (t5 ne$s  two we$+s by h& :5 ! plants  
are v "y1 & frequ5t  cultivation by !   
:eel-hoe4 ,n[ ! :eel-hoe _c d good "w on
  r\gh or unev5 gr\nd1 & its be/ "w is  
none too good = onions1  s y see :]e y  
are at4    ,! onion crop is divid$ into 
two classes1 ! e>ly crop & ! ma9  season

 crop4 ,e>ly crop onions are immature1  
gre51 & are ti$ 9  bun*es = m>ket2 ma9  
season crops are dry & are a /aple      
product4    ,e>ly onions may be gr[n f  
se$1 b are usually gr[n f bulbs4  ,!re  
are ?ree k9ds ( bulbs = plant+3 8top0   
onions1 potato or  8multipli]0 onions & 
8sets02 ! fir/ two are di/9ct types1  b 
8sets0 are only p>tly gr[n onions4      
8,top0 onions are really  small bulbs   
:i* gr[ on ! top ( ! plant in/ead (     
fruit2  8multipli]s0 are onions ) sev]al
 he>ts or cores1 ea* ( :i*  may be      
plant$ & w give rise to ano!r bulb1 :i*1
 9 its  turn1 w develop two or ?ree m   
cores4 ,! process is cont9u$            
indef9itely4    8,top0 onions />t       
quickly & soon give edible onions4 ,if !
 bulb is  plant$ out ! foll[+ ye> x w   
s5d up a /alk & produce a  new crop (   
tops4    ,to raise 8sets10 se$s are s[n 
?ickly on dry1 light gr\nd1 :]e  !y soon
 cr[d ea* o!r1 & by midsumm] anyway1 !  
tops die =  lack ( room1 food & moi/ure4
 ,! bulbs1 :i* %\ld !n be f  "o-half to 

?ree-qu>t]s in* 9 diamet]1 are pick$1   
cur$ &  /or$ z ord9>y onions are4 ,:5   
plant$ 9 ! spr+ !y />t to  gr[ aga9 &   
soon produce eatable bulbs4    ,! new   
e>ly onion culture is gr[+ onions f     
se$l+s rais$ 9  ! hot-b$ or =c+ h\se1 & 
transplant$ z soon z ! wea!r  p]mits4   
,by ?is me?od ! l>ge1 quick-gr[+ ,s\!rn 
v>ieties1  ,gibralt> & ,prize-tak]1 come
 to p]fection 9 ! ,nor?4 ,our season  is
 too %ort = ?is by ! ord9>y op5 plant+4 
,?is 8,new ,onion  ,culture10 :i* is n s
 new1 aft] all1 except 9 ! middle ,ea/1 
is fully describ$ by ,t4 ,gre9]1 9 8    
book publi%$ by ! ,orange  ,judd        
,company1 ,n4 ,y4    ,9 ! ma9 season    
crop1 e>l9ess is n s necess>y1 & less   
f]tiliz] w d1 s long z x is ! "r k9d4   
,se$ is s[n z  e>ly z possible1 z !     
onion likes a cool season4 ,9 ! g>d51 x 
is s[n ?ickly because ! onion (t5 fails 
to spr\t1 b 9 !  field1 x is s[n m      
c>efully1 wa/e ( se$ & ! ?9n+ 9 !  big  
field be+ exp5sive4    ,on "s l& ! onion
 runs to tops1 p>ticul>ly :]e !re is too

  mu* moi/ure1 or ! gr\nd is too new1 or
 co>se manures h be5  us$4 ,if ! tops   
are /ill rank & gre5 9 late ,augu/ or   
e>ly  ,septemb]1 x is a good ?+ to break
 !m by roll+ a b>rel ov]  ! r[s1 t !    
gr[? may g to ! bulbs4    ,! tr\ble )   
onions does n end ) gr[+ !m4 ,!y are a  
difficult crop to h&le & /ore1 unless ! 
fall is w>m4 ,aft] !y  are pull$ !y mu/ 
dry a day or two1 ei!r 9 ! field or "u  
cov]--cov] is m exp5sive b ! bulbs h a  
bett]1 bright]  color4 ,! bulbs mu/ be  
free f dirt & ! tops cut (f ab\t a      
half-in* above ! bulb1 nei!r m nor less1
 else ! bulb w  suff] 9 m>ketable value4
 ,x mu/ be a clean cut )\t ragg$ ends1  
& ! out] sk9 or cov]+ mu/ n be brok54   
,if ! crop is  unev5 9 size1 z is q apt 
to be ! case1 sort !m ov]1 because  "o  
mis%ap5 or "u-siz$ onion 9 a doz51 w    
mat]ially less5  ! price receiv$ = !    
crop4 ,!re are s _m good vegetables  on 
! m>ket today1 t ! consum] is gr[+      
f9icky1 & wants  only ! be/ look+ z well
 z ! be/ ta/+4 ,be c>eful to give  him  

:at he wants1 & he w give y :at y       
want--good prices--9  return4 ,! sort]  
may be a v simple contrivance1 consi/+ (
 a  rack or tr\gh ) a slat bottom ?r\gh 
:i* small onions w drop4  ,:5 rais$ to a
 conv5i5t height on a slant x is easy to
 "w !  bigg] onions ov] ! end ( ! rack  
into boxes or baskets bel[4    ,mo/     
f>m]s pref] to sell _! onion crop 9 !   
fall1 because x is  difficult to h\se x4
 ,mature onions w n /& freez+1 unless   
!y c be kept froz5 all w9t] & all[$ to  
?aw gradually 9 !  spr+4 ,b ?is is a    
risky process & (t5 results 9 heavy     
loss4  ,!y ne$ a /eady w>m temp]ature1 &
 _m /ore h\ses are heat$  to ensure     
safety f fro/4    ,x takes an ounce (   
onion se$ = #aej feet ( drill1 or f #c  
to #e  p\nds to ! acre4 ,a good crop =  
an av]age f>m] is f #cjj to  #djj bu%els
 p] acre1 b an av]age crop = a good f>m]
 is #fjj to  #hjj bu%els p] acre2 & "s h
 gr[n z high z #aajj bu%els to  ! acre4 
,y c *oose y\r own class4    ,! root    
maggot is ! wor/ enemy ! onion has1 &   

!re is no  really successful me?od (    
fight+ x4 ,infe/$ l& %\ld be us$  = o!r 
crops t ! root maggot w n fe$ ^u1 until 
he is  />v$ out4 ,ru/ & smut :i* also   
affect onions1 may be practically  cut  
out1 or at lea/ held 9 *eck1 by ! use ( 
,bordeaux mixture1 b  rotation is ! be/ 
rem$y = smut4                           
,,*apt] ,,xvi4                          
,,cole ,,crops4      ,cole crops are    
among ! h>dy plants ( ! g>d5 & field1   
requir+ pl5ty ( moi/ure at ! roots1 a   
cool season & cool soil4  ,h5ce _! "n1  
,cole mean+ cool4 ,!y are mo/ly se$-b$  
crops &  ne$ consid]able space 9 :i* to 
spread4 ,!y are gr[n = _!  tops1 r ?an =
 _! roots or fruits4                    
,,cabbage4    ,cabbage culture ne$s a   
cool deep soil t w hold moi/ure1 &      
cont9u\s gr[? f />t to f9i%4 ,its o!r   
ess5tials are3  extra c>e 9 ! selection 
( ! se$2 frequ5t & ?or\gh surface       
tillage2 avoid+ ! root maggot1          
club-root1 & rot1 by prop]  rotation (  
crops1 & by de/roy+ ! cabbage worm z    

soon z x  appe>s4 8,a cabbage head0 may 
mean a /upid man1 = 8a cabbage head0    
c't take c>e ( cabbages4    ,! dem& =   
cabbage has increas$ m rapidly dur+ !   
pa/ t5  ye>s ?an = any o!r vegetable 9 !
 m>ket4 ,= sau] kraut alone  ! dem& is  
enorm\s4 ,:]e a few hundr$ b>rels w\ld  
supply all  ! dem& tw5ty ye>s ago1 t5s (
 ?\s&s ( b>rels are n[  ne$$ annually4  
,its use 0 at "o "t l>gely conf9$ to !  
,g]man  9 ?is c\ntry1 b t is no long]   
true4 ,s !re is always a  m>ket =       
cabbage1 & if y are will+ to take ! pa9s
 necess>y  to gr[ good cabbage1 y w f9d 
x a pay+ crop4 ,cabbage is also  l>gely 
gr[n = /ock-fe$+1 & all ! animals1 f !  
horses  to ! f[ls1 are glad to get x4   
,!re are1 ( c\rse1 ! two sorts ( crops  
n[ s usual 9  m>ket-g>d5+1 ! e>ly & !   
ma9 season crops4 ,! e>ly crop  is />t$ 
"u glass ei!r 9 ! hot-b$ or =c+ h\se1   
:ile  ! ma9 season crop is s[n 9 se$-b$s
 or 9 ! op54    ,! be/ soil prep>ation  
beg9s ! fall be=e1 ) deep pl[+ &  f #aj 
to #bj tons ( manure to ! acre4 ,!n1 if 

! l& is at all  acid or has n rec5tly   
be5 lim$1 x is well to apply lime at !  
rate ( #ajjj p\nds to ! acre1 & pl[ t 9 
along ) #ej p\nds  ( nitrate ( soda4    
,?is w supply ! food = ! cabbage1 :i* is
  a gross fe$]1 & won't ?rive )\t pl5ty 
( food4 ,f>m]s :o  raise x 9 l>ge       
quantities1 give x ?ree applications (  
nitrate (  soda aft] x is q well gr[n4  
,!y use ab\t #ej p\nds to !  acre ea*   
"t1 ab\t t5 days ap>t4    ,if s[n 9     
hot-b$s1 c>e mu/ be tak5 to h>d5 !      
cabbage spr\ts  by gradual exposure to !
 air be=e transplant+1 s z n to  cause  
any s]i\s delay 9 gr[?4 ,9 field-gr[n   
cabbage1 likely to  be us$ 9 "p at lea/ 
= /ock fe$+1 ! plants %\ld /&  f #bd to 
#cj in*es ap>t1 9 r[s n less ?an #cj    
in*es ap>t4 ,?is  gives room = ! heads  
to increase 9 size & weight4 ,"u ^!     
conditions an acre w produce f #gejj to 
#ijjj plants4 ,b on small  areas1 :]e ! 
crop is int5d$ = m>ket1 ! plants may be 
cr[d$  some:at1 to keep d[n ! size & to 
secure an av]age weight (  f\r to six   

p\nds ea*4 ,9 ?is way an acre w be>     
#aj1jjj plants4  ,cabbage %\ld be       
cultivat$ once 9 a week or t5 days until
 ! heads  t\* 9 ! r[s4 ,if y\r cabbage  
is uni=m 9 size1 has few outside        
leaves1 v little /ump or core :5 cut    
op51 closely pack$ leaves  lapp+ 9 !    
c5tre1 fre$om f disease or insect       
injury1 & is  true to "n & type1 y %\ld 
secure ! uni=m price ( five  c5ts a head
 9 good m>kets4    ,cabbage suff]s f _m 
diseases & insects1 & ! g>d5] ne$s  to  
be on ! wat* con/antly if he is n to    
lose 8 crop aft] all  8 labor4 ,!       
cabbage worm makes its appe>ance e>ly1 &
 %\ld be  de/roy$ at once2 :ile =       
club-root1 black rot1 etc41 rotation is 
our only usual rem$y4#f    ,diff]5t     
v>ieties ?rive bett] 9 diff]5t          
localities4 ,y mu/  exp]im5t 9 a small  
way1 or f9d out :at y\r neighbors h     
done1  keep+ a record ( ! sort t does   
be/ "u y\r conditions1  & !n plant only 
t4 ,ne> ,new ,york ,city ! ,b]g5        
,drumhead does  wond]fully well1 b 9 "s 

we/]n p>ts ( ! c\ntry x has  less       
success4 ,! ,new>k ,flat ,dut*1 on ! o!r
 h&1 = an e>ly  cabbage1 does well bo?  
ea/ & we/4 ,= a late season v>iety !    
,premium ,flat ,dut* is excell5t4    ,to
 %[ ! possibilities ( pr(it 9 cabbage1  
,pr(essor ,bailey1 9  8 8,vegetable     
,g>d5+10 quotes f an exp]t cabbage gr[] 
9  ,gre5 ,bay1 ,wis41 z foll[s3--,assume
 t y h fir/-class l&  wor? #bjj p] acre3
      ,int]e/ & taxes p] ye> w co/1 say 
#ae4jj    ,=ty loads manure at #a4jj p] 
load4        #dj4jj    ,pl[+ & fitt+ !  
gr\nd                #c4jj    #aj1jjj   
plants at #d4jj p] ?\s&          #dj4jj 
,sett+ & wat]+                          
#e4jj    ,aft]-cultivation              
#aj4jj    ,h>ve/+ & m>ket+              
#ej4jj                                  
--------      ,total                    
#afc4jj    #hjjj heads sold at #c4ej p] 
hundr$        #bhj4jj                   
--------      ,net pr(it                
#aag4jj    ,if y get only #hjjj plants  
out ( #aj1jjj set1 x is a little bel[  !

 av]age return1 & z ! m>ket price is    
e/imat$ at only #c  c5ts p] head1 !re is
 no trace ( exagg]ation 9 ^! figures4 ,!
  e/imate 0 made t5 ye>s ago4    ,a crop
 ( cabbages c be gr[n & h>ve/$ 9 #ajj to
 #aaj days1 :i*  makes possible two     
crops f ! same piece ( gr\nd 9 ! "o     
season4 ,!re are two ways ( plant+ !    
fir/ crop4 ,"o is to use a  good ri*    
se$-b$ & s[ ! se$ 9 ,novemb]1 ! favorite
 v>iety  be+ ! ,j]sey ,wakefield4 ,:5 ! 
plants are ?ree or f\r in*es  high1     
transplant !m to cold-frames 9 a        
protect$ spot & let !m  w9t] !re4 ,9 !  
spr+ !y w soon />t gr[+ & be ready  =   
transplant+ to ! field e>ly4 ,! only    
drawback to ?is me?od  is1 t ! plants   
be+ really old :5 spr+ comes1 y are apt 
to  lose a good _m by _! runn+ to se$4  
,= ?is reason1 ano!r  me?od is r to be  
pref]r$4 ,use ! same v>iety ( se$1 b s[ 
9 hot-b$s 9 ,febru>y1 & z soon z !      
plants are ?ree or f\r  in*es high1     
transplant to cold-frames4 ,if !y are n 
too cr[d$1  !y w be ready = plant+ 9 r[s

 9 ! field by ,april #a4 ,b  y mu/      
rememb] t ! cabbage is a heavy fe$] & t 
y\r soil  mu/ be ri* & full ( humus4    
,"o not$ cabbage gr[] 9 ,new ,j]sey says
 he plants 8 cabbage )  a potato plant]1
 :i* makes ! r[s #c feet ap>t1          
di/ributes !  f]tiliz]1 & makes ! ridges
 = ! plants all at "o "t4 ,he  levels   
d[n ! ridges ) a plank drag :i* cov]s   
two r[s at a  "t4 ,! f]tiliz] is ( high 
grade1 appli$ at ! rate ( #ajjj  p\nds  
to ! acre4 ,if plants are set #bj in*es 
ap>t1 x w require  #aj1jjj = an acre4   
,he cultivates ?or\ghly until ! cabbages
 beg9  to head2 !n :ile cultivat+ once  
m1 he applies nitrate ( soda  at ! rate 
( #aej p\nds to ! acre1 putt+ x on ! r[ 
close to  ! plants1 b n on ! plants4    
,?is makes ! cabbage head up  quickly & 
uni=mly1 & makes ! heads crisp & t5d]1  
besides  increas+ ! yield enorm\sly4    
,?is crop %\ld all be m>ket$ by  ,july  
#d1 & ! yield %\ld be f #hjjj to #ijjj  
heads p] acre4    ,= ! second crop1 s[ !
 se$ 9 a good b$ 9 ! op51 ab\t !  la/ ( 

,may & by ,july #ae at late/1 ! plants c
 be transplant$  to ! field4 ,betwe5    
m>ket+ ! fir/ crop & transplant+ !      
second1 ! gr\nd %\ld be aga9 ?or\ghly   
prep>$ by ! addition  ( #ajjj p\nds (   
f]tiliz] to ! acre & #aej p\nds (       
nitrate (  soda4 ,plant ! same z 9 fir/ 
crop4 ,! v>iety mo/ us$ is !  l>ge1 e>ly
 ,dw>f ,flat ,dut*4    ,9 gr[+ late     
cabbage !re is mu* m dang] ( maggots &  
o!r  insects de/roy+ y\r crop4 ,! ,new  
,york ,exp]im5t ,/ation has  tri$ a     
simple device :i* has giv5 satisfaction 
s f> z te/$4  ,?is consi/s ( scre5+ ! b$
 completely ) *eeseclo? :i*  protect$ ! 
plants f maggots4 ,f #ahjj squ>e feet ( 
scre5$  b$ #ej1jjj plants 7 transplant$ 
to ! field1 :ile f an  unscre5$ *eck    
plat int5d$ to plant #dj acres1 only    
en\gh plants  = f\r acres 7 secur$4 ,!  
plants 7 8h>d5$0 by remov+  ! scre5 "o  
week be=e transplant+4 ,!re 0 no m wilt+
  ?an ) plants gr[n 9 ! op54 ,?is is    
*eap] ?an any =m (  insecticides4       
,,kale4    ,kale requires mu* less c>e  

?an cabbage1 & is usually s[n :]e  x    
/&s4 ,x is probably ne>] ! orig9al type 
( cole plant ?an  any o!r1 & ev5 9      
cultivation produces no heads1 b v l>ge1
  heavy foliage4 ,x is a v h>dy plant1 &
 is gr[n especially =  spr+ & fall      
crops1 & is mu* us$ z gre5s at seasons  
:5 o!r  gre5s are n to be _h4 ,9 !      
,nor!rn ,/ates ! se$s are s[n  9 ! spr+ 
& ! plants are ready = use 9 ! fall4 ,:5
 !  crop has be5 ?9n$1 ! plants t are to
 rea* maturity %\ld be  f #aj to #bj    
in*es ap>t1 & ! di/ance betwe5 r[s may  
dep5d  ^u ! sort ( cultivation to be    
giv54 ,9 l>ge areas ( kale1             
horse-cultivation is be/1 b 9 a small   
plot ! usual #ab to #ah  in*es w all[ ( 
:eel-hoe "w4    ,kale is su* a h>dy     
plant t fro/ w n hurt x1 & ! crop  is   
(t5 all[$ to /& 9 ! field until v late 9
 ! season1  or ev5 all w9t]4 ,! l>ge    
out] leaves are improv$ by fro/4 ,9  !  
,s\? & ,middle ,s\?1 kale se$ is s[n 9 !
 late summ] &  ! "y plants all[$ to /& 9
 ! field unprotect$ all w9t]1  b ?is _c 

be done 9 ! ,nor?4 ,!re ! "y plants ne$ 
cold-frame protection4 ,= ?is reason !re
 is little w9t]-gr[n  kale 9 ! ,nor?1 & 
! ext5sive supply t comes f ,virg9ia  f 
,janu>y until late spr+ makes x         
unpr(itable to =ce x =  e>ly spr+ 9 !   
,nor?4    ,!re is a =m ( kale call$     
coll>ds1 :i* is mu* gr[n 9  ! ,s\?1     
especially :]e ! climate is too hot =   
successful  cabbage-gr[+4 ,! se$ is s[n 
v e>ly 9 ! spr+ 9 protect$  se$-b$s1 s t
 ! crop may get its gr[? be=e ! hot     
wea!r  sets 94 ,x is mu* l cabbage1 &   
sometimes "y cabbage plants  are rais$ =
 gre5s1 & are call$ coll>ds4 ,kale is   
subject to !  same enemies z cabbage    
7:i* see71 & requires ! same sort (     
cultivation4                            
,,brussels ,,spr\ts4    ,brussels spr\ts
 are clos] k9 to kale ?an to cabbage1   
al?\gh  n exactly l ei!r4 ,all cole     
crops h simil> ne$s 9 soil1  food &     
tillage1 s :at holds = "o may be tak5 z 
true = all1  except t kale & ,brussels  
,spr\ts d n exact s mu* c>e z  ! o!rs4  

,9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 ! se$s are g5]ally 
s[n q  late 9 ! season t ! crop may n   
come to p]fection too e>ly1  z ! plants 
are mo/ priz$ 9 late autumn & e>ly w9t]4
 ,a l>ge  "p ( ! crop's gr[? is made 9 !
 cool wea!r ( e>ly fall4  ,if ! se$ is  
s[n 9 se$-b$s 9 ,june1 ! plants w be    
ready to  set out late 9 ,july or e>ly 9
 ,augu/4 ,:]e ! w9t]s are mild  ! crop  
is (t5 left 9 ! field until us$1 b 9 !  
,nor? x is  usually dug & plac$ 9 pits1 
l leek or cel]y4    ,! /alk ( !         
,brussels spr\ts may be f two to ?ree   
feet high1  al?\gh :]e ! season is %ort1
 ! dw>f or half-dw>f v>ieties  give sur]
 crops4 ,all along ?is /alk1 f ! root to
 ! cr[n (  leaves at ! top1 gr[ t9y baby
 cabbages1 ea* ( :i* is call$ a         
8spr\t10 & av]ag+ f an in* to two in*es 
9 diamet]4 ,:5  ! spr\ts are small &    
t5d] !y are ! mo/ delicately flavor$  ( 
any ( ! cabbage family4 ,9 _m places1   
h[ev]1 ! dem& is  v limit$4    ,success 
9 rais+ a good crop dep5ds *iefly ^u    
c>eful selection  ( se$4 ,!re is no crop

 :i* runs d[n s quickly1 & 9 :i*  great]
 c>e is necess>y 9 *oos+ only ! be/ =   
se$4 ,x is  subject to ! same diseases z
 o!r cole crops4                        
,,caulifl[]4    ,! caulifl[] is m       
p>ticul> ?an cabbage1 bo? z to climate &
  cultivation4 ,x won't head up 9 ! heat
 & mu/ h a cool1 moi/  climate to rea*  
p]fection4 ,x also ne$s a con/ant wat]  
supply  & !re=e dem&s ! be/ ( tillage4  
,x w gr[ only f !  be/ ( se$1 & z x is  
easily sunburn$1 x is gr[n *iefly =     
e>ly & late crops4 ,= e>ly crops ! se$s 
are s[n 9 hot-b$s or  =c+ h\ses1 &      
transplant$ z soon z ! wea!r is settl$1 
s  t ! crop is (f 9 late ,june or e>ly  
,july4 ,! be/ v>ieties =  ?is e>ly      
cropp+ are ! ,sn[ball & ,p>is1 v>iations
 ( ! ,e>ly  ,dw>f ,erfurt4 ,! fall crop 
is />t$ 9 se$-b$s 9 ! summ] &           
transplant$ to ! g>d54 ,= ?is crop "s ( 
! l>g] & lat]  gr[+ v>ieties may be     
plant$4    ,caulifl[] is gr[n to be/    
advantage along ! nor!rn sea-coa/       
,/ates1 ,long ,isl&1 ! %ores ( ! ,great 

,lakes1 & 9 ! ,puget  ,s\nd region1 &   
:]ev] irrigation is practic$4 ,:]e !    
climate  is at all incl9$ to be sunny x 
is well to tie leaves ov] !  "y heads to
 blan* !m1 o!rwise !y w br[n 9 ! /rong  
light & br+ a l[] m>ket price4 ,x is    
necess>y1 too1 to save  all ! moi/ure   
!re is 9 ! soil by ! mo/ c>eful tillage4
  ,tillage %\ld be %all[ b frequ5t all  
?r\gh ! gr[+ p]iod4  8,button+0 or !    
?r[+ up ( irregul> gr[?s :i* spoil !    
ev5ness ( ! head1 comes f poor se$1 or  
dry soil1 or too great  heat2 & also f  
all[+ ! plants to be *eck$ 9 _! gr[?  & 
!n />t$ aga9 by r5ew$ cultivation4 ,!   
crop requires /eady  & p]si/5t c>e1 r   
?an occasional en]getic c>e1 & w  repay 
y = all y\r ef=t4    ,! be/ caulifl[]   
se$--& t is ! only sort wor? us+--is    
exp5sive1 (t5 runn+ z high z #c to #e an
 ounce1 & y may be  tempt$ to *oose !   
*eap] sorts4 ,b ! be/ se$ is ( vital    
importance 9 gr[+ caulifl[]1 ! *eap] k9d
 be+ giv5 to  8button+10 :i* less5s !   
price y c get 9 ! m>ket4 ,!  be/ se$ 9 !

 m>ket has s f> come f ,d5m>k1 b !      
,puget  ,s\nd gr[]s are beg9n+ to rival 
! ,danes4 ,!re is a family (            
long-season1 late-gr[+ caulifl[]s1 call$
 broccoli1 b !y are  little kn[n 9 ?is  
c\ntry4 ,?+s t are little kn[n are all  
"r to eat & to %[1 b !y are usually h>d 
to sell4                                
,,kohlrabi4    ,al?\gh ( ! cabbage      
family1 kohlrabi looks & ta/es m l      
turnips & is cultivat$ l turnips4 ,x is 
gr[n = ! ?ick5$  /em or tub] :i* gr[s   
above ! gr\nd1 & if eat5 :5 "y  is v    
t5d] & m delicate 9 flavor = e>ly spr+  
use ?an  turnips4 ,x is also excell5t = 
/ock fe$ & is gr[n ext5sively  = t4 ,!  
be/ v>iety = g>d5 use is ! ,:ite ,vi5na1
 &  ! tub]s %\ld be eat5 :5 f two to    
?ree in*es 9 diamet]4  ,l all cole crops
 !y ne$ cont9u\s gr[?1 o!rwise !y become
  bitt] & /r+y4 ,successive s[+s ( !    
crop may be made & :5  ?9n$ ! plants    
%\ld /& f six to t5 in*es ap>t4 ,!y     
require f two & "o-half to ?ree mon?s to
 mature & may be  plant$ & till$ j z    

turnips are4    ,cole crops all suff] f 
! same insects & diseases & x is well   
to get ! late/ advice ^u h[ to deal )   
!m4 ,= root maggot1 a  mo/ tr\blesome   
pe/1 read ,cornell ,bullet9 #gh 7publi%$
 at ,i?aca1  ,new ,york71 ?\gh ! only   
really effective rem$y is well-plann$   
rotation4 ,9 ?is bullet91 ,sl+]l&       
recomm5ds plac+ t>r$  pap] c>ds close to
 ! "y plants to protect !m aga9/ !      
maggot2 rubb+ ! eggs ( ! maggot (f !    
base ( ! "y  plants1 & inject+          
bisulphide ( c>bon or c>bolic acid      
emulsion  into ! soil ab\t ! plants4 ,x 
is necess>y to use a syr+e made         
specially = ?is purpose4    ,! ,cornell 
,bullet9 #ajd1 deals ) cut-worms1 & ,new
 ,york ,bullet9s  #hc 7p4 #feg7 & ,no4  
#add1 tell ab\t ! cabbage worm or       
butt]fly1 !  common yell[ butt]fly4     
,bett] look !m up4 ,!y recomm5d p]si/5t 
use ( ,p>is gre5 on ! fir/ crop1 & a    
mixture made ( five p\nds  pulv]iz$     
res92 "o p\nd conc5trat$ lye2 "o p9t fi%
 oil or any  *eap oil except tall[2 five

 gallons wat]4 ,! same treatm5t does  = 
! cabbage loop]4    ,= aphids1 or lice1 
read ! ,new ,york ,bullet9 #hc 7p4 #feg7
 & ,florida  ,bullet9 #cd 7p4 #bgj74 ,! 
injection ( bisulphide ( c>bon 9 !      
gr\nd1 or ! application ( k]os5e        
emulsion to bo? sides ( leaves  :5 "y & 
small2 tobacco2 pyre?rum2 ,p]sian insect
 p[d]--any (  ^! w prove m or less      
effective4    ,new ,york ,bullet9 #hc   
7p4 #fhc7 w tell y ab\t me?ods ( deal+  
) ! ,h>lequ9 ,cabbage ,bug4 ,h&-pick+ is
 effective1 & )  clean culture1 %\ld    
eradicate ?is pe/4    ,club-root is     
really cur$ only by a ?or\ghly plann$   
sy/em (  rotation1 al?\gh air-slak$ /one
 lime1 appli$ 9 ! proportion (  #ge     
bu%els to ! acre1 does good "w4 ,read   
,new ,j]sey ,bullet9 #ih4               
,,footnotes3    #f ,,note4--,"s exp]ts  
?9k t lime is ! "o great soil doctor1   
especially 9 a g>d5 :]e crops are pl[$  
"u1 lots ( manure is  us$ & !re is n mu*
 *ance = crop rotation4 ,heavy doses (  
lime w de/roy _m fung\s diseases & also 

kill (f a good _m  insects1 especially !
 s(t-sk9n$ k9d :i* ga!r z crops are     
gr[n 9 ! same place ye> aft] ye>4 ,x    
w\ld sc>cely be possible  to gr[ good   
cabbage 9 ! same spot = a s]ies ( ye>s  
)\t  heavily lim+ ! soil4 ,x prev5ts    
club-root4                              
,,*apt] ,,xvii4                         
,,pot-,,h]b ,,crops4      ,pot-h]b crops
 are 8gre5s10 gr[n = _! leaves4 ,unless 
! gr[?  be quick & cont9u\s1 ! leaves w 
n be crisp & t5d]4 ,quick  & cont9u\s   
gr[? c be secur$ only by hav+ ! soil 9  
good  condition & giv+ ! crop c>eful    
tillage4 ,fur!rmore1 gre5s are  mo/ly   
surface fe$]s1 s t ! surface soil mu/ be
 9 excell5t  til?1 & conta9 mu* plant   
food4 ,!y dem& cool wea!r & are  usually
 gr[n z succession- or companion-crops1 
because !y d n  require ! :ole season to
 mature4                                
,,sp9a*4    ,sp9a* is a spr+ crop & a   
fall crop1 because spr+ & fall give  !  
cool1 moi/ temp]ature x ne$s to come to 
p]fection4 ,sp9a*  belongs to ! pigwe$  

family & is a c\s9 to ! beet4 ,!re are  
two v>ieties1 ! prickly se$$ & ! r\nd   
se$$4 ,! prickly  se$$ is ! h>die/1 & is
 mo/ commonly us$ = fall s[+4    ,f>m]s 
9 ! ,nor? us$ to gr[ sp9a* ext5sively "u
 glass1 b  ( late ye>s ! l>ge out-door  
crops gr[n ar\nd ,norfolk1 ,va41  h     
spoil$ ! pr(it 9 t1 & ! ,s\!rn product  
takes its  place4 ,! sp9a* = e>ly spr+  
is s[n 9 ! field or g>d5 9  ,septemb] & 
%\ld be ?or\ghly e/abli%$ be=e w9t]1 ) a
  spread ( leaves at lea/ ?ree or f\r   
in*es4    ,z f> nor? z ,new ,york ,/ate 
x is left out uncov]$ all w9t] &  does n
 suff] unless ! fro/ causes ! gr\nd to  
8heave40 ,if /raw  or litt] c be _h )\t 
tr\ble or exp5se1 ! sp9a* c be  cov]$   
lightly z t (t5 prev5ts 8heav+40 ,if all
 goes well1 !  plants resume gr[? e>ly 9
 ! spr+1 & may ev5 cont9ue gr[+  dur+ ! 
w9t] if ! season is mild4 ,x is ready = 
m>ket 9  ,april or ,may & %\ld be (f !  
gr\nd 9 ,june to make room = !  ma9     
crop4 ,s\!rn sp9a* is m>ket$ f late     
,novemb] until ,april  or ,may4         

,al?\gh sp9a* is a comp>atively easy    
crop to gr[1 x ne$s c]ta9  conditions = 
p]fection4 ,! l& mu/ be ri* & well      
dra9$1 &  liquid f]tiliz] mu/ be appli$ 
aft] ! crop gets />t$4 ,"s put  manure  
on ! plot 9 ! fall1 &1 z x lea*es dur+ !
 w9t]1  x f]tilizes ! plants & />ts !m  
gr[+ 9 ! spr+4 ,h5  manure may be us$4  
,b ! be/ way is to apply nitrate ( soda 
or  sulphate ( ammonia 9 a weak solution
 s t #ej to #ge p\nds w be  suffici5t = 
an acre4 ,?is is g5]ally us$ 9 a spr9kl]
 & is  appli$ two or ?ree times at      
int]vals ( a week or t5 days1 us+  ea*  
"t1 #ej to #ge p\nds ( f]tiliz]4        
,sp9a* is sometimes s[n 9 ! spr+ 9 !    
place :]e x is to  gr[4 ,b 9 t case1 !  
position *os5 mu/ be a w>m "o1 &  ev5   
!n1 al?\gh a bett] /& is (t5 obta9$1 !  
crop does  n mature quickly4 ,x is /ill 
occasionally />t$ "u glass &            
transplant$ to ! g>d51 & sometimes x is 
gr[n 9 frames all  ! way ?r\gh to       
maturity4 ,g>d5]s :o want to ha/5 _!    
crop  frequ5tly cov] x ) glass dur+     

,febru>y & ,m>*1 & x  responds well to  
?is treatm5t4    ,a v>iety kn[n z ,new  
,zeal& sp9a*1 :i* is h>dly a true sp9a*1
  ?rives 9 summ]1 b z gre5s are n       
greatly 9 dem& 9 summ]1  x has n become 
v popul> 9 ?is c\ntry4    ,an ounce (   
sp9a* se$ w s[ #aej feet ( drill1 or #aj
 to #ab p\nds  to ! acre4 ,x is s       
necess>y to h excell5t dra9age = sp9a*1 
t ! l& is usually pl[$ into l[ ridges or
 b$s six to n9e  feet wide4 ,! sp9a* is 
s[n l5g?wise ( ! b$s #ab to #ah in*es   
ap>t1 accord+ to ! sort ( tillage to be 
us$4                                    
,,*>d4    ,"o ( ! be/ ( ! pot-h]bs1 ?\gh
 n s g5]ally kn[n1 is !  *>d or         
leaf-beet1 :i* usually requires ! :ole  
season to mature1  al?\gh x w give a    
succession ( leaves f e>ly summ] until  
fall4 ,! leaf-blades & midribs ( ! *>d  
are v broad1 & are  usually :ite or     
slightly t9t$1 in/ead ( gre54 ,g>d5]s   
(t5  blan* !m fur!r by ty+ ! leaves     
toge!r :ile gr[+4 ,!  se$s are s[n 9 !  
spr+ z ?ickly z ! ord9>y beet is s[n1  &

 ! plants are ?9n$ until !y /& six to   
twelve in*es ap>t  9 ! r[4              
,,mu/>d4    ,mu/>d is cultivat$ m       
ext5sively 9 ! ,s\? ?an 9 ! ,nor?1  z x 
w gr[ :]e ! climate is too hot = o!r    
gre5s4 ,9 !  ,nor? x is usually gr[n    
only 9 home g>d5s = family use2 !       
plants run to se$ 9 midsumm]1 s se$ mu/ 
be s[n v e>ly 9  ! spr+4 ,!y are ready =
 use 9 ,may or ,june4 ,"s ( ! new       
improv$ v>ieties ( curly-leav$ mu/>d are
 among ! be/ (  pot-h]bs4 ,9 ! ,s\?1 !  
,s\!rn ,giant ,curl$ ,mu/>d is mu*  us$1
 tak+ ! place t lettuce & sp9a* fill 9 !
 nor!rly  sections4 ,! ,*9ese ,broad    
,leav$ is a vigor\s v>iety :i* gives  a 
l>ge am\nt ( foliage4 ,x is easy to gr[1
 & ev5 9 ! ,nor?1  if ! soil is w>m &   
s&y1 se$ may be s[n 9 ! fall & !  plants
 w be ready = use e>ly 9 ! spr+1 ev5    
?\gh !  se$s d n />t spr\t+ 9 ! fall4 ,!
 se$ escapes easily &  s[s itself 9     
unoccupi$ areas & spreads rapidly4 ,s1  
if x is n  c>efully wat*$ to prev5t too 
g5]al se$+1 x c readily become  a       

tr\blesome we$4                         
,,d&elion4    ,ev]ybody kn[s ! wild     
d&elion1 & almo/ ev]ybody likes x z a   
pot-h]b1 b only ^? :o h eat5 ! improv$  
g>d5 v>ieties1  "k its real             
possibilities4 ,al?\gh ! d&elion is     
p]5nial1 x  is treat$ z an annual = !   
be/ results 9 cultivation1 & !  se$ is  
s[n 9 e>ly spr+ & ! crop ei!r h>ve/$ t  
fall  or all[$ to rema9 9 ! gr\nd until 
! next spr+4 ,x w  gr[ any:]e1 & (t5    
p]si/s 9 gr[+ 9 its wild type :]e  y    
don't want x2 b if y want plants ) l>ge1
 cut or frill$  leaves1 y w see t ! soil
 is ri* & deep1 & t !  plants h good    
tillage all ! season ?r\gh4 ,! leaves ( 
^!  v>ieties are n only good to eat1 b  
!y are ext5sively us$ =  g>ni%+4 ,if !y 
h be5 prop]ly c>$ =1 ! plants w  (t5    
measure #ab to #bj in*es across1 ) a    
cr[n or rosette ( d5se  foliage4        
,d&elion se$s are usually s[n :]e !     
plants are to /&1  al?\gh occasionally  
!y are s[n 9 se$-b$s & transplant$4 ,z  
soon z !y h made a fair gr[? !y are ?9n$

 to ab\t "o  foot ap>t3 ! di/ance betwe5
 ! r[s w dep5d ^u ! sort (  cultivation 
! plants are to receive4 ,h& tools      
require less space  ?an horse tools1 &  
h&-hoe+ less ?an :eel-hoe+1 ) m  labor &
 less returns4 ,if ! plants are all[$ to
 /& ?r\gh !  w9t]1 !y are ready = !     
m>ket v e>ly 9 ! spr+ :5 !  dem& is     
briske/ & ! prices be/4 ,9 h>ve/+1 !    
plant is cut  (f j bel[ ! rosette & !   
roots mu/ !n be pl[$ out s  t !re is no 
dang] ( ! h]b becom+ a we$4 ,x is n wor?
  :ile to try to sell ! small plants1 b 
!y %\ld be cut (f1  to prev5t !m go+ to 
se$ & becom+ a nuisance4 ,"s gr[]s  take
 ! roots up & put !m 9 =c+ h\se or      
hot-b$ = gr[+  gre5s2 or1 !y may be =c$ 
9 ! d>k1 :i* gives :ite or  blan*$      
leaves4 ,?is same effect may be obta9$ 9
 ! field by ty+  up ! leaves1 ?us secur+
 a blan*$ cr[n j z is done )  endive4   
,we owe mu* ( ! improvem5t ( ! d&elion  
to ! ,fr5*4                             
,,purslane4    ,purslane1 or1 z x is m  
g5]ally call$1 8pusley10 is ano!r h]b  t

 ! ,fr5* gr[]s h greatly improv$4 ,!    
common pusley we$  is a weak1 trail+    
plant1 b ! ,fr5*1 cultivat$ v>iety /&s  
up /iff ) l>ge leaves & juicy /ems4 ,x  
gr[s easily 9 any  good g>d5 soil1      
matures quickly & is n hurt by w>m      
wea!r4 ,!  se$s are s[n e>ly 9 ! spr+ & 
!re is little dang] ( !  cultivat$ sort 
s[+ itself & becom+ a pe/4    ,!re are  
"s o!r v>ieties ( gre5s2 b ?is book aims
 only to  treat ( ^? :i* are g5]ally    
gr[n & = :i* !re is a sure  m>ket ea*   
ye>4                                    
,,*apt] ,,xviii4                        
,,salad ,,crops4      ,salad crops are  
close k9 to pot-h]bs4 ,b a salad is eat5
 uncook$1  :ile pot-h]bs are boil$4 ,"s 
plants are us$ bo? ways1 b !y  are !n   
class$ accord+ to _! mo/ g5]al use4     
,salad crops ne$  a cool1 moi/ soil &   
quick cont9u\s gr[?4 ,z has be5         
frequ5tly  said be=e1 7b n too          
frequ5tly17 ?is c only be obta9$  by    
hav+ ! soil 9 good condition & pl5ty (  
plant food 9 a  %ape t ! crop c eat4    

,salad crops ne$ pl5ty ( wat]1 clean1   
?or\gh culture1 & a good deal ( prompt  
att5tion1 b !y mature  s rapidly1 t !   
dem&s are n really excessive4 ,hav+     
suppli$  _! ne$s1 y mu/1 !reaft]1 dep5d 
^u ! wea!r to help y  p]fect y\r crop4  
,if y get dry1 t\gh1 wilt$ salad crops1 
y ne$  n take ! tr\ble to h>ve/ !m1 =   
nobody wants t sort2 &  t is ! only k9d 
y c raise if y neglect !m4    ,!re is no
 pleasure l ! ev]-new exultation & joy (
 see+  ! ?+s we ourselves h plant$ come 
up2 & ^! lovely color$  %oots1 spr++ f !
 br[n e>?1 s]ve to r5ew our fai? 9 !    
b\nty ( ,nature & ! lov+ ord] ( ! _w--z 
well z to fill  our pockets4            
,,lettuce4    ,! mo/ popul> salad crop  
is lettuce1 a h>dy1 %ort-season1        
companion- or succession-crop requir+   
moi/1 ri*1 mell[ soil1 &  plant food 9  
quickly available =m4 ,x is easy (      
culture & is  *iefly gr[n 9 ! op51 ?\gh 
! dem& = x has increas$ to  su* an ext5t
 t x is />t$ 9 hot-b$s or =c+ h\ses t  x
 may be e>li] on ! m>ket4 ,y c get x 9  

ab\t five weeks4  ,coolness & cont9u\s  
gr[? are necess>y to prev5t t\ghness &  
bitt]ness4 ,x is little gr[n 9 ! summ]1 
?\gh ! ,cos v>iety  c /& ! hot wea!r v  
well1 if ! soil is moi/ & cool4         
,lettuce does bett] if transplant$ & = t
 reason x is usually  s[n 9 se$-b$s2 9  
transplant+1 x is usual to cut (f ! top 
?ird ( ! leaves1 unless ! se$l+s are v  
/ocky2 b !  mid-season & lat] crops may 
be s[n :]e ! plants are to /&4  ,fall   
lettuce %\ld be s[n 9 late ,augu/ or    
e>ly ,septemb]1 &1 z  x is easi] to     
control soil conditions & to get quick  
spr\t+ 9  a se$-b$ ?an 9 ! field at t   
dry "t ( ye>1 x is bett]  to use !      
se$-b$4 ,at any "t lettuce does be/ 9 a 
soil t is  loose & 8w>m10 t is kn[n to  
g>d5]s z 8quick40 ,heavy1 clayey  soils 
are n adapt$ to lettuce1 s see t y\r    
soil is pulv]iz$  & well f]tiliz$ be=e !
 se$s are s[n4 ,x has be5 f\nd to pay   
well to treat ! soil ) nitrate ( soda   
aft] ! plants are set1  because ( ! m   
rapid gr[?4 ,! soda is appli$ dry1 at ! 

rate  ( two or ?ree hundr$ p\nds to !   
acre1 & !n rak$ or till$  94 ,lettuce   
se$ is s[n ?ickly & ! plants ?9n$1 z !y 
become  edible1 to ab\t a foot ap>t4 ,! 
?9n+s make excell5t 8gre5s40  ,! r[s are
 usually #h to #ab in*es ap>t4    ,:5   
gr[n z a succession-crop1 lettuce may be
 foll[$ by cabbage1  e>ly caulifl[]1    
cel]y & o!r ?+s4 ,or1 x may be gr[n     
betwe5  ! cabbages & caulifl[] z a      
companion-crop1 s9ce x matures  be=e    
ei!r1 & leaves ! l& to ^? plants :5 !y  
ne$ all  ! space4 ,se$ may be s[n       
successionally until w>m wea!r1 & y  may
 c\nt ^u #ajjj plants = ea* ounce ( se$4
 ,!re are ?ree  well-kn[n tribes3 head  
lettuce1 cut or curly-leav$1 & ,cos1 & a
  f\r? v>iety little kn[n1 call$        
n>r[-leav$ lettuce4 ,!re are  ab\t #ajj 
v>ieties4 ,field-gr[n lettuce has few   
enemies4                                
,,endive4    ,endive is a summ] & fall  
crop1 ?riv+ at a "t :5 x is n  easy to  
gr[ lettuce to p]fection4#g ,x is1      
!re=e1 a good  addition to lettuce1 &   

its culture is l>gely ! same1 ?\gh      
endive  takes long] to mature ?an       
lettuce does4 ,endive matures "u prop]  
c>e ab\t fifty days aft] ! se$s are s[n4
 ,if se$s are s[n 9  ,june ! plants w be
 fit = table use 9 ,augu/ or ,septemb]4 
,endive requires ab\t ! same sort ( soil
 z lettuce1 ! same  tillage & ! same    
g5]al treatm5t4 ,! plants %\ld /& ab\t  
a foot ap>t ea* way to make cultivation 
easi]4 ,x is sometimes s[n  9           
cold-frames1 b j z (t5 9 ! op5 field1 & 
successive  s[+s w give successive      
crops1 b t :i* gets its />t  dur+ hot   
wea!r is n satisfactory4 ,! inside      
leaves ( ! cr[n  are usually blan*$ by  
ty+ !m toge!r ne> ! tops = two or  ?ree 
weeks be=e ! plants are ready = m>ket4  
,! blan*$ sort  br+s a bett] price4 ,!  
disadvantages ( blan*+ are t !  plants  
fade & decay quickly unless us$ at once1
 & if ra9 or damp  wea!r foll[s !       
ty+-up1 !re is great dang] ( decay :ile 
9  ! gr\nd4 ,s ! plants mu/ be exam9$   
occasionally to see t  !y are do+ well4 

,:5 endive is us$ z a pot-h]b1 z x      
sometimes  is1 x is bett] to pick ! new 
"y plants be=e !y h "t to  head or c be 
blan*$4 ,! co>se1 out] leaves ( ! plant 
are apt  to be bitt] & t\gh1 s t only ! 
leaves ( ! cr[n are us$  = salads4    ,)
 all ^! crops y c see :y ne>ness to     
m>ket is s  important--ev5 ?\gh ! l& is 
high] pric$4                            
,,*icory4    ,*icory has v>i\s uses & is
 n[ q l>gely gr[n 9 g>d5s4 ,z  a salad  
plant only ! t5d]1 blan*$ leaves ( !    
cr[n are us$4  ,! out]1 gre5 leaves are 
(t5 us$ = 8gre5s10 l d&elion4  ,*icory  
is n a surface fe$] l mo/ salad plants1 
b is gr[n  z a root crop ! same z c>rots
 or p>snips4 ,! soil mu/ be deep1  t !  
roots may come to p]fection by fall2    
cutt+s ( leaves may  be made dur+ !     
season4 ,! roots may be left 9 ! gr\nd  
ov] !  w9t]4 ,*icory is really a        
p]5nial1 b "u cultivation x is  bett] to
 gr[ a new lot ( plants ea* ye>4 ,:5    
want$ = w9t]  use1 ! /rong roots are    
tak5 up 9 ! fall1 & buri$ 9 a slop+     

direction 9 a pit or cell>1 ) ! cr[n ( !
 plant %[+ an  in* or s above ! s& or   
e>?4 ,! gr[+-place mu/ be kept  d>k1 & 9
 a few weeks ! small1 priz$ leaves beg9 
to %[4 ,:5  *icory plants are cov]$1    
cr[ns & all1 ) ab\t two feet (  manure1 
!y develop heads resembl+ lettuce heads4
 ,! "y1 t5d]  roots ( *icory are eat5 z 
beets or c>rots are1 :ile ! dri$  root  
is ext5sively us$ 9 place ( c(fee4 ,?is 
acc\nts = !  increas$ area devot$ to    
*icory 9 ?is c\ntry ( rec5t ye>s2 x  is 
less injuri\s to ! n]ves ?an c(fee4     
,,cress4    ,!re is a delicate 8bite0 & 
piquant flavor to cress1 t makes  x a   
favorite = salads & = g>ni%+s4 ,( ! ?ree
 k9ds 9  g5]al use1 ! wat]-cress is     
probably ! be/ lik$1 b to br+  x to     
p]fection x is necess>y to h a runn+    
brook ( clean1 cool  wat]4 ,to gr[ x 9 a
 dra9 is a good way to get typhoid fev]4
 ,x  is a p]5nial1 & readily propagates 
itself :5 once x has got a  />t1 :ile ! 
gr[] c increase its spread by scatt]+   
se$s  along ! brookside1 or by plant+   

bits ( /ems 9 ! mud4 ,:5 once  e/abli%$ 
x w c>e = itself1 & gives ! gr[] no     
tr\ble4  ,al?\gh x does be/ along !     
sides ( runn+ /reams1 wat]-cress  w gr[ 
any:]e if x c get moi/ure en\gh1 ev5    
?\gh n  cov]$ ) wat]4 ,any moi/1 %ady   
g>d5 spot w d1 if x is  frequ5tly wat]$1
 & g>d5]s (t5 use ab&on$ hot-b$ pits1   
:]e ! hose c be turn$ on ! plants daily4
    ,two wom5 made a nice pr(it by s5d+ 
f9e wat]-cress1 pack$ 9  oil$ pap] &    
c>dbo>d boxes1 to select cu/om]s by     
mail4    ,common g>d5 cress is a        
cool-wea!r1 %ort-season annual1 ^:  se$s
 may be s[n e>ly 9 ! spr+ 9 a cool1 ri* 
soil1 z its  :ole value z a salad plant 
dep5ds ^u its quick1 vigor\s gr[?4  ,!  
plant runs quickly to se$ 9 hot wea!r1  
or if left 9 !  gr\nd until late 9 !    
season4 ,x is easily gr[n 9 pots or     
boxes  9 ! h\se 9 w9t]2 or1 if want$ =  
fall use1 ! se$s may be  s[n 9 late     
summ] & 9 e>ly fall4 ,"u ord9>y         
conditions1 !  leaves are ready = use   
ab\t six to eight weeks aft] se$ is s[n4

  ,!re are a numb] ( v>ieties ( ! g>d5  
cress2 ! sort )  curl$ leaves be+ mo/ 9 
dem&4 ,x is n s well kn[n "h z  9       
,europe4 ,! ?ird v>iety1 kn[n z ! upl&  
or upright cress1  is p]fectly h>dy &   
common to all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4   
,9 cultivation x is usually treat$ z an 
annual or z a w9t]  p]5nial4 ,se$s may  
be s[n late 9 ! season1 :5 ! "y plants  
w be ready = use e>ly 9 ! spr+2 or1 !y  
may be s[n 9  ! e>lie/ spr+ & w be ready
 = use ab\t fifty-two days  aft] s[+4   
,if gr[n ?r\gh ! summ] !y are apt to be 
bitt]  & t\gh1 unless gr[n 9 a %ady     
place4 ,! upl& cress resembles          
wat]-cress 9 flavor4                    
,,corn ,,salad4    ,corn salad is n s   
well kn[n "h z 9 ,europe1 :]e x is      
highly priz$ z a fall & w9t] salad & z a
 pot-h]b4 ,x is a  cool-season crop1    
gr[n z lettuce is4 ,x is h>dy & may be  
s[n z  e>ly 9 spr+ z ! soil c be work$4 
,x comes to maturity 9 six  or eight    
weeks1 produc+ a bun* ( leaves some?+ l 
sp9a*4  ,x may also be s[n 9 ! fall &   

protect$ 9 w9t] ! same z  sp9a*1 s z to 
h v e>ly plants 9 ! spr+1 or1 if s[n    
late 9 ! summ]1 x w give edible leaves 9
 ! fall1 & 9  a mild1 op5 season1 w     
n\ri% all ?r\gh ! w9t]4 ,9 w>m  wea!r or
 dry places1 x soon runs to se$4 ,x is v
 easy to raise  corn salad 9 any cool   
soil1 & an ounce ( se$ w give f #bjjj   
to #cjjj plants1 :i* %\ld /& ab\t six   
in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4                     
,,p>sley4    ,p>sley is ! mo/ popul> (  
all ! g>ni%+ h]bs1 & requires  no       
special c>e f ! g>d5]1 s long z x is    
plant$ 9 a cool1  moi/ soil4 ,! leaves  
are us$ = salads & = flavor+ z well  z =
 g>ni%+4 ,p>sley se$ is sl[ gr[+1 &     
unless ! g>d5  soil is 9 excell5t til? &
 moi/ to ! v surface1 x is bett]  to />t
 ! plants 9 a se$-b$4 ,al?\gh ! plant is
 bi5nial1 !  foliage is usually ga!r$ ! 
fir/ ye> & ! plant de/roy$1  unless se$ 
is want$4 ,9 all ^! gre5 ?+s1 x has be5 
f\nd  bett] to adopt ! annual treatm5t r
 ?an let !m develop into  bi5nials or   
p]5nials1 ?\gh t may be _! natural      

habit3 we c  improve ! nature ( plants1 
animals & m54                           
,,salad ,,*]vil4    ,al?\gh salad *]vil 
closely resembles p>sley & may be us$ ! 
same way1 x is v little kn[n 9 ?is      
c\ntry4 ,x requires ab\t  ! same culture
 z p>sley1 & is easy to gr[ 9 cool1 moi/
 soil  9 spr+ or fall4 ,x does n ?rive  
well 9 our hot summ]s1 b  ) v little    
protection f cold-frames or ev5 f bru%1 
x  c be c>ri$ safely ?r\gh ! w9t]1 if ! 
wea!r is n v  sev]e4 ,! curly-leav$     
v>iety is ! mo/ popul>1 :e!r us$  z     
g>ni%+ or season+4 ,! salad *]vil gr[s  
ne>ly two feet  high :5 x rea*es full   
maturity1 b ! "y foliage is ! mo/       
priz$4 ,x w give leaves = cutt+ 9 six or
 eight weeks aft] !  se$ is s[n4        
,,cel]y4    ,all g>d5 or field crops are
 divid$ into two classes1 ^? ^:  se$s   
are s[n :]e ! crop is to gr[2 & ^? ^:   
se$s mu/ be  plant$ 9 special           
conditions1 su* z se$-b$s1 hot-b$s or   
=c+  h\ses4 ,cel]y is always a se$-b$   
crop1 & occasionally a hot-b$  or       

=c+-h\se crop1 accord+ to ! "t :5 ! gr[]
 wi%es  x to mature4 ,x requires a cool1
 ri*1 v moi/ soil1 9 excell5t  til?1 :]e
 surface tillage is ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t !   
:ole season4  ,al?\gh good cel]y may be 
gr[n on upl&s by means ( extra c>e  &   
att5tion1 x usually gr[s be/ 9 ri*1     
moi/1 bottom l&s4  ,reclaim$ m>%es1 ^:  
soil has be5 pulv]iz$ & f]tiliz$1  are  
ideal cel]y plots1 because !re ! moi/ure
 is suffici5t ev5  dur+ ! heat ( summ]4 
,cel]y _c /& exposure to ! direct  heat 
( ! sun1 & on expos$ places _m gr[]s f9d
 x necess>y  to %ade ! crop4    ,cel]y  
se$s are v small & sl[ to spr\t & are   
s[n broadca/  or 9 r[s4 ,if 9 r[s ! s[+ 
is v %all[4 ,! se$l+s are  t5d] &       
delicate1 s t x is only 9 a well-prep>$ 
se$-b$  t ! plants c be satisfactorily  
rais$4 ,! site ( ! b$  %\ld be select$ )
 great c>e1 s z to protect x f hot or   
dry w9ds1 & to make x conv5i5t to wat] x
 e ev5+4 ,cel]y  requires a great deal (
 moi/ure4 ,! soil mu/ be 9 su* excell5t 
til? t x w hold moi/ure up to ! v       

surface )\t !  help ( a mul*4 ,"s gr[]s 
d use a mul* 9 gr[+ cel]y1 b x  makes ! 
delicate se$l+s s mu* m delicate t !    
loss f  sun-scald ^u transplant+ is     
likely to be heavy4 ,if y d use a  cov]+
 ( any sort1 be c>eful to beg9 to remove
 x z soon z !  plants beg9 to gr[1 &    
take x all (f be=e !y are up en\gh to   
be transplant$4 ,b if y make y\r se$-b$ 
c>efully1 y w n  ne$ a cov]+ = x4       
,ev5 :5 y h tak5 s mu* pa9s to />t y\r  
cel]y crop1 !  "w is by no means done4  
,to secure good1 /rong1 /ocky plants1 !y
  %\ld be transplant$ once or twice 9 ! 
se$-b$ be=e ! f9al  transplant+ to !    
g>d54 ,x is ess5tial 9 ,nor? ,c>ol9a1   
says  ,pr(4 ,massey1 to transplant cel]y
 once be=e sett+ 9 field or  g>d54 ,?is 
entails s mu* labor1 t _m gr[]s are n[  
us+ !  ?9n+ process 9 place ( ^! v>i\s  
transplant+s1 & ev5 9  ! se$-b$ ! "y    
plants are ?9n$ to /& two to ?ree in*es 
ap>t & ! tops are %e>$ if !y gr[ tall   
too soon4 ,! plants  may be safely cut  
back a ?ird or ev5 a half ( _! gr[?4 ,9 

small  g>d5 plots1 %e>s or a sickle may 
be us$1 b1 9 ! l>ge fields1  gr[]s      
g5]ally use a scy!4    ,!re is usually a
 good deal ( loss 9 cel]y se$1 s x is   
well to  s[ x v ?ickly1 & !n y may      
reasonably expect f #bj1jjj to  #cj1jjj 
plants to ! acre4 ,an ounce ( se$ w     
plant ab\t #bjj feet  ( r[1 & if good1  
%\ld give f #ejjj to #aj1jjj plants1    
al?\gh  :]e losses are v heavy ! yield  
is frequ5tly only #bjjj to !  ounce (   
se$4 ,"o p\nd ( se$ %\ld give plants    
en\gh to set out  f\r or five acres4    
,cel]y is gr[n bo? z an e>ly-season & z 
a late crop1 dep5d+  ^u ! location ( !  
plot4 ,on ! high] l&s1 x is ei!r an     
e>ly or a succession-crop1 foll[+ e>ly  
cabbages1 lettuce or o!r  %ort-season   
crops4 ,b on ri*1 bottom l&s1 x is a    
:ole-season  crop1 z ! l& !re is too wet
 to be work$ e>ly 9 ! spr+4  ,"s gr[]s  
raise two or ?ree crops ( cel]y 9 a     
season f "o  plot1 ! lat] or ma9 crop   
be+ plant$ betwe5 ! r[s ( !  e>ly crop4 
,z cel]y may be set out z late z !      

middle or la/ (  ,july1 ev5 9 ! ,nor!rn 
,/ates1 ! ma9 crop does n int]f]e  ) !  
e>ly crop1 :i* may be set out z soon z !
 gr\nd is  ready4    ,= two crops1 !    
soil ne$s m att5tion ?an :]e only "o is 
rais$1 because cultivation & f]tiliz]   
mu/ add & pres]ve !  moi/ure :i* is     
natural to ! l[] levels4 ,cel]y ne$s    
pota%  & nitrog51 & ^! foods are suppli$
 by unlea*$ wood a%es  & well-rott$     
/able manure4 ,co>se1 new manures mu/ n 
be us$1  z !y make ! soil co>se & also  
cause we$s4 ,only old1 f9e1  well-rott$ 
manure w d = ! cel]y b$4    ,:5 tillage 
is giv5 ! gr[+ plant1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n 
to  di/urb ! roots4 ,! soil may be /irr$
 only at ! extreme end (  ! t9y         
rootlets1 & if f]tiliz] is appli$ x mu/ 
be plac$ at  ! same po9t4 ,"s gr[]s make
 t9y tr5*es betwe5 ! r[s &  cultivate & 
f]tilize !re4 ,cel]y is "o ( ! crops t  
call =  ?or\ghly intellig5t c>e4 ,9 _m  
localities :]e ! wea!r is  hot or dry1  
sub-irrigation1 by means ( tile-dra9s1  
has suppli$ !  ne$$ moi/ure = ?is ?ir/y 

crop4    ,!re is an entirely new cel]y  
culture 9 ! /]ile s& ( ,florida  by     
comm]cial f]tiliz]2 b t is a subject by 
itself4 ,! ,florida  ,exp]im5t ,/ation w
 give p>ticul>s4    ,! plants %\ld be   
f\r or five in*es high :5 transplant$ & 
!  /ems /ocky & gre54 ,!y are set f #aj 
to #ab in*es ap>t 9 !  r[s & ! di/ance  
betwe5 ! r[s dep5ds ma9ly ^u ! me?od  ( 
blan*+4 ,to br+ a good price 9 ! m>ket1 
cel]y mu/ always  be blan*$1 al?\gh _m  
gr[]s pref] x 9 its natural condition  =
 _! own use4    ,cel]y is blan*$ 9 ?ree 
ways3 ,blan*+ by bo>d+2 by bank+  up )  
e>?1 or by blan*+ 9 /orage pits4 ,bo>d+ 
is g5]ally  appli$ only to summ] cel]y1 
z x does n af=d protection en\gh  =     
plants left 9 ! field aft] e>ly ,octob]4
 ,x is ! simple/  & mo/ economical me?od
 ( blan*+1 & :]e us$1 ! r[s may  be two 
or ?ree feet ap>t to admit ( horse      
cultivation4    ,= blan*+ by bo>d+1     
planks #ab to #ad feet long1 "o foot    
wide  & ab\t an in* ?ick are pref]r$4   
,^! planks are set on edge  on ei!r side

 ( ! r[ close to ! root cr[n ( ! plants1
 &  tipp$ until !y re/ aga9/ ! tops ( ! 
plants ) _! edges  only two or ?ree     
in*es ap>t4 ,ei!r wire hooks or cleats  
nail$  across ! tops are us$ to keep !  
bo>ds 9 position4 ,?is bo>d+  or blan*+ 
process is begun z soon z ! plants are  
tall en\gh to  %[ a few leaves above !  
bo>d4 ,z ! /alks %oot up 9 se>*  (      
light1 ! leaves fill ! spaces betwe5 !  
bo>ds & exclude  light f ! /alks4 ,great
 c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 w>m wea!r  t !    
plants d n rot at ! he>t because ( too  
great moi/ure4  ,exp]i5ce w tea* y t x  
is well to get good lumb] t may  be us$ 
_m seasons1 r ?an *eap bo>ds :i* w w>p  
or crack  9 "o season4    ,blan*+ by    
bank+ ) e>?1 (t5 gives a bett] quality (
  cel]y1 b x is mu* m exp5sive & _c be s
 safely us$  9 summ]1 z x t5ds to rott+ 
at ! he>t4 ,x usually requires  two or  
?ree bank+s or 8h&l+s10 z !y are call$1 
dur+ !  season4 ,! fir/ is giv5 :5 !    
plant has spread s z to make a  head    
ab\t eighte5 in*es across4 ,!n x is     

ga!r$ 9 ! h&  & held1 :ile e>? is bank$ 
up ar\nd x ab\t two-?irds ( its  height4
 ,9 t5 days or a =tnight ?is is done    
aga91 & 9 ! v  tall v>ieties once aga94 
,:5 ?is me?od is us$ ! r[s are f  ?ree &
 "o-half to f\r feet ap>t4 ,( late ye>s 
l>ge gr[]s use  a 8cel]y pl[0 = bank+4  
,:5 cel]y is to be blan*$ 9 /orage x is 
usually 8h&l$0 once  :ile 9 ! field1 s z
 to />t ! process ( blan*+4 ,aft]w>ds  !
 plants are plac$ s close toge!r 9 pits 
or %$s t !  blan*+ goes on until ! crop 
is ready = m>ket4    ,!re is ano!r me?od
 ( blan*+ cel]y :i* is p>ticul>ly       
successful 9 small areas4 ,x consi/s (  
gr[+ ! plants s close  toge!r t ! light 
is exclud$ & ! crop blan*es z x gr[s4   
,x is !n gr[n z close z six or eight    
in*es ap>t ei!r way4 ,?is  is call$ !   
8new cel]y culture10 & is successful :]e
 ! hose  c be freely us$ to supply !    
necess>y moi/ure4      ,/or+4    ,b !   
c>e necess>y = gr[+ cel]y does n end ev5
 ) !  blan*+4 ,x ext5ds to /or+1 :i* is 
also important to ! crop4  ,!re are     

sev]al well-kn[n me?ods1 *ief ( :i* are 
/or+ 9  outside pits or cell>s & /or+ 9 
cel]y h\ses4 ,usually !  outside pit or 
cell> is a tempor>y affair & a v        
satisfactory "o  is built l ! regul>    
vegetable pit3 ! way to make t is giv5  
9 ano!r *apt]4    ,if cel]y is to rema9 
crisp & juicy1 x mu/ make a v sl[ gr[?  
all ! "t x is 9 ! /ore-h\se1 & %\ld be  
kept j above  freez+ po9t4    ,:5 y     
prep>e y\r cel]y = m>ket1 be sure to    
clean x  ?or\ghly4 ,?is may be done by  
wa%+1 or x may require scrubb+1  b be   
sure to h x clean4 ,remove ! outside    
leaves & trim !  roots d[n to a po9t1 !n
 pack 9 boxes or trays4 ,& "r "h  comes 
9 ano!r reason = /udy+ y\r p>ticul>     
m>ket1 because  ! numb] ( bun*es ( cel]y
 pack$ 9 a box or tray--& ev5  :e!r y   
use a box or a tray--dep5ds ^u ! m>ket y
 supply4 ,x  v>ies ) diff]5t m>kets4    
,9 ! 8new cel]y culture0 :]e ! plants   
are set s closely  toge!r t !y blan*    
!mselves1 x takes #aej1jjj plants to an 
acre4 ,?is me?od ( gr[+ requires greatly

 increas$ quantities (  f]tiliz]s or    
results w be v unsatisfactory4 ,! dw>f  
v>ieties  ( cel]y are mo/ 9 dem&1 & !   
favorites = summ] & fall are  ,:ite     
,plume1 ,gold5 ,self-,blan*+ &          
,kalamazoo2 :ile = late w9t]  & spr+1   
,bo/on ,m>ket & ,arl+ton are /&>d sorts4
    ,! *ief diseases are leaf blight &  
leaf spot & ! fungi t  attack ! plants 9
 /orage4 ,= leaf blight1 dip "y plants 9
 weak  solution ( copp] c>bonate1 &     
treat ! "y gr[+ plants twice  a week4 ,x
 is well to read up on diseases2 & =    
blight read !  ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture 
,report1 #ahhf1 pp4 #aag-abj2 ,cornell  
,bullet9  #acb1 pp4 #bjc-bje4 ,to avoid 
leaf-spot1 select se$ c>efully1 treat x 
) ,bordeaux mixture :ile 9 se$-b$1 &    
cont9ue its use if y  fe> an attack4    
,read ,new ,york ,bullet9 #ea & ,cornell
 ,bullet9 #acb4 ,=  deal+ ) ! diseases t
 develop dur+ /orage1 read ,cornell     
,bullet9 #acb1 & ,bailey's 8,vegetable  
,g>d5+10 p4 #bbi4 ,if y wi%  to "k all t
 cel]y speciali/s h discov]$ ab\t ?is   

crop1  read ,gre9]1 ,holli/]1 ,rawson1  
,vaughan1 ,/ew>t1 ,von ,bo*ove &        
,crid]4 ,^! books may be f\nd 9 "s good 
public libr>ies or w  be suppli$ by our 
h\se4    ,und]/&+ all ?is att5tion &    
c>e1 y c easily see :y !re  is big money
 9 a successful cel]y crop1 & :y        
,florida's flat s&  l&s are mak+ _!     
own]s ri* rais+ cel]y--or rais+ r5ts &  
prices4                                 
,,cel]iac4    ,cel]iac is a =m ( cel]y1 
or at lea/ is a v ne> relation to  !    
real cel]y1 & requires ab\t ! same soil 
prep>ation & !  same conditions &       
tillage4 ,cel]iac is frequ5tly s[n :]e x
 is  to /&1 b z ! se$ is z sl[ to spr\t 
z cel]y1 ?is is n  really a wise plan4  
,s[n 9 a se$-b$ & transplant$1 ! crop   
gives  f> bett] results4 ,9 cel]iac x is
 n ! /alk b ! enl>g$1  tub]-l root :i*  
is eat51 & ! plant requires no blan*+4  
,x  may be eat5 raw 9 a salad1 or cook$1
 z y l4 ,good roots %\ld  be f ?ree to  
f\r in*es 9 diamet] & !y may be kept    
?r\gh  w9t] by pack+ 9 s& or moss z _m  

o!r vegetables may be kept4  ,cel]iac is
 s[n 9 ! same quantities z cel]y se$1 ! 
r[s be+  only f> en\gh ap>t to all[ (   
cultivation1 & ! plants f six  to eight 
in*es ap>t 9 ! r[s4 ,be+ ( a dw>f nature
 ! close  plant+ does n cause ! plant to
 ov]-%ade itself4      ,,footnotes3     
#g ,,note4--,full]ton says t !          
n>r[-leav$1 deeply s]rat$ plant  call$  
endive 9 ?is c\ntry1 9 ,france is !     
*icory or succory  kn[n to all ,am]icans
 z a roadside we$ ) beautiful blue fl[]s
  l a v op5 a/]4                        
,,*apt] ,,xix4                          
,,pulse ,,crops4      ,peas & beans are 
! pulse plants1 & al?\gh !y are c\s9s !y
  are widely diff]5t 9 _! requirem5ts4  
,9 ?is respect peas &  beans resemble   
*ildr51 :o ?\gh 9 ! same family1 d n    
always  ?rive "u ! same conditions or d 
be/ ) ! same treatm5t4  ,bo? ^! crops   
are legum9\s1 &1 !re=e1 capable ( /or+  
! nitrog5 f ! air 9 _! roots1 & ?us     
enri*+ ! soil  :]e !y gr[1 yet x is (t5 
necess>y to apply nitrog5 to secure  a  

quick />t = e>ly crops4 ,?is is         
especially true :]e ! soil  has n be=e  
be5 us$ to gr[ legum9\s crops4 ,! m we  
/udy  plants ! m we le>n ab\t *ildr5 & !
 m likely are we to  recognize ! close  
relation betwe5 all =ms ( life4         
,,peas4    ,peas are a p>tial season    
crop1 & d n require v ri* soil4  ,!y are
 s h>dy t ! se$ may be s[n :]e x is to  
/&1 ev5  be=e fro/y wea!r is :olly gone4
 ,x is be/ to plant ! se$  f ?ree to    
five in*es deep1 :i* all[s ! roots      
always to be  9 cool1 moi/ soil4 ,a v   
ri* soil t5ds to make ! crop run to     
v9es & leaves1 s t a light soil is      
necess>y1 p>ticul>ly :]e  ! crop is to  
be an e>ly "o4 ,peas %\ld be e>ly or    
late1 because  !y l cool wea!r1 & are   
apt to mildew if c>ri$ ov] into hot     
summ] days4 ,! fall crop may be plant$  
e>ly 9 ,augu/ ev5 9 !  ,nor!rn ,/ates4  
,! plants %\ld be f ?ree to f\r in*es   
ap>t  9 ! r[s4 ,x takes a p9t ( se$1 ( !
 small v>ieties1 = #ajj  to #abe feet ( 
r[1 or "o to two bu%els to an acre4 ,:]e

 peas are  gr[n 9 l>ge quantities 9 a   
field1 = cann+1 ! se$s are s[n  broadca/
 & !n x requires f two to ?ree bu%els to
 an acre4  ,= e>ly crops ! dw>f v>ieties
 are pref]r$ z !y mature s  quickly1 & !
 tall1 climb+ v>ieties are plant$ = late
 crops4  ,plant+ & tillage = bo? k9ds   
are ! same4 ,peas %\ld be  plant$ 9     
d\ble r[s only six or eight in*es ap>t1 
s t !  "o r[ ( supports1 ei!r bru% or   
*ick5-wire1 pref]ably wire1  may s]ve   
bo? r[s 9 tall peas1 :ile ! dw>f plants 
support ea*  o!r4 ,betwe5 ea* two pairs 
( r[s ! space %\ld be wide en\gh  to    
admit ( tillage4    ,v few f>m]s und]/& 
! value ( peas to ! soil or z /ock  fe$4
 ,?is is especially important = f>m]s ( 
! ,nor!rn ,/ates1  = peas w gr[ :]e corn
 w n1 because ( ! cold2 !y d  n ne$ mu* 
soil prep>ation or aft]-tillage2 !y     
yield a good  crop ( =age t is excell5t 
= fatt5+2 !y take any place  9 a good   
sy/em ( rotation ( field crops1 al?\gh x
 is mo/  satisfactory to foll[ !m )     
:eat2 !y may be s[n at int]vals  ( t5   

days1 f v e>ly 9 ! season to v late1 &  
:5 !  crop has be5 h>ve/$ ! gr\nd is 9  
bett] condition ?an be=e  x 0 plant$4   
,9 ,europe !y gr[ peas ) delicate pods1 
call$ edible-podd$ or  sug> peas1 :i*   
are eat5 z /r+ beans are1 b ^! are almo/
  unkn[n "h4 ,! two k9ds ( peas us$ "h  
are ! wr9kl$-se$  pea & ! smoo?-se$ pea4
 ,! wr9kl$ v>iety is ! be/1 b x  is m   
likely to decay :5 plant$ v e>ly4 ,bo?  
sorts ( se$  are f\nd 9 dw>f & tall     
v>ieties ( pea4 ,! mo/ popul> ( !  v    
e>ly peas are ,fir/-(-all1 ,am]ican     
,wond]1 ,philadelphia1 ,mc,lean  ,little
 ,gem1 ,daniel ,o',r\rke1 & ,blue ,pet]4
 ,among ! late peas !  ,m>r[fat1        
,*ampion ( ,engl&1 ,/ratagem1 ,telegraph
 & ,telephone are  lead+ favorites4     
,peas />t s e>ly t !y d n suff] mu* f   
we$s1 unless  ! l& is infe/$ ) ! annual 
wild mu/>d4 ,?is w *oke !  peas1 b x may
 be de/roy$ by a spray made ( eight to  
twelve p\nds  ( copp] sulphate dissolv$ 
9 #ej gallons ( wat]1 :5 ! plants  are  
only a few in*es high4 ,?is solution w n

 mat]ially injure  ! peas4    ,! insect 
enemies are ! 8pea weevil0 or 8pea bug02
 ! pea mo?1  & ! pea l\se4 ,! pea weevil
 lays its eggs on ! outside ( !  pod1 & 
! grub1 on hat*+1 eats its way into !   
pea & :ile  hid+ !re *anges into a      
beetle ( a br[ni%-grey color1 & ab\t    
"o-fif? ( an in* long4 ,x does n come   
out until aft] ! se$  has be5 s[n 9 !   
spr+4 ,?is beetle spoils ! pea = se$ &  
ev5 to a l>ge ext5t = /ock fe$4 ,:]e !  
weevil has attack$  ! peas1 x is ! cu/om
 to place ! se$ 9 air-tight vessels or  
rooms & fumigate ) bisulphide ( c>bon = 
sev]al days4 ,!  proportion is "o p\nd (
 bisulphide = e hundr$ bu%els (  peas4  
,great c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 us+         
bisulphide1 z x is highly  explosive & v
 poison\s4 ,b only ! c>eless or /upid   
ne$ get  hurt2 s !re's no dang] = y4    
,get explicit directions f y\r  ne>e/   
,exp]im5t ,/ation1 & foll[ !m closely4  
,! pea mo? attacks late v>ieties ( peas 
mo/ sev]ely1 & z  no rem$y yet us$ has  
succe$$ 9 de/roy+ ! pe/1 or ev5  9      

mat]ially r$uc+ its ravages1 ! be/ ?+ is
 to s[ e>ly  v>ieties ( peas & s escape 
its wor/ effects4 ,x is seldom se5  9   
mo? =m1 b is common en\gh z a 8worm10 or
 small1 :iti%1  some:at hairy cat]pill>1
 ab\t a half-in* long4 ,x lives inside !
  gre5 pods & eats ragg$-edg$ holes 9 ! 
peas1 :i* x !n fills  ) excrem5t or wa/e
 matt]4    ,! pea l\se is pale-gre5 9   
color1 & cl+s 9 great numb]s  to ! tips 
( ! %oots1 & sometimes cov]s ! :ole     
plant4 ,x  attacks :ole areas ( peas    
sometimes1 & becomes a s]i\s pe/4       
,h[ev]1 its hold is slight1 s t x may be
 easily knock$ (f4 ,9  small g>d5 pat*es
 !y are bru%$ (f 9 pans & burn$1 :ile 9 
l>ge fields ( peas :at is call$ a       
8bru%-&-pan0 device is us$1  foll[$ by !
 cultivator1 :i* buries ! lice or       
aphids4    ,to f9d out m ab\t ! culture 
( peas1 get ,f>m]'s ,bullet9  ,no4 #bbd1
 ,u4 ,s4 ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture1      
,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 & =  ! be/ me?ods (  
deal+ ) ! crop's enemies read ,delaw>e  
,exp]im5t ,/ation 7,new>k1 ,del47       

,bullet9 ,no4 #di4    ,pea cultivation 0
 record$ two ?\s& ye>s ago4             
,,beans4    ,all ! well-kn[n v>ieties ( 
g>d5 beans are t5d] to fro/1  ne$+ a w>m
 season & a sunny exposure4 ,! se$ is n 
s[n until  ! wea!r is ?or\ghly settl$ & 
! soil 9 excell5t til?2  !n x is s[n :]e
 ! plants are to /&4 ,! favorites 9 ?is 
c\ntry are ! dw>fs2 ! *ief advantage ( !
 dw>f types is !  sav+ ( exp5se 9       
supports1 & ! great] ease ( cultivation4
 ,!  e>ly crop is usually eat5 z /r+    
beans1 ?\gh ! be/ 8/r+0  bean is ! k9d t
 has no 8/r+s to x40 ,?is v>iety breaks 
(f  ) a clean snap & is (t5 kn[n z      
8snap0 bean4 ,beans t are  well suit$ to
 be eat5 z /r+ beans h ?ick1 fle%y pods 
&  v little fibr\s tissue4 ,9 ord] t /r+
 beans may be ( !  be/ quality1 ! crop  
mu/ make a quick & un9t]rupt$ gr[?4 ,a  
succession ( beans may be _h all summ]  
by plant+ at int]vals1 &  late 9 ! summ]
 season a new crop may be plant$ = late 
fall use4  ,/r+ beans are always 9 dem&2
 & n[1 because ( ! s\!rn  crops1 !      

m>kets ( l>ge cities are seldom )\t !m  
all ! ye>  ar\nd4    ,beans1 l peas1 are
 nitrog5 ga!r]s1 b if ! gr\nd :]e !y    
are to be plant$ has n be5 us$ = peas or
 beans )9 a ye>  or two1 x is well to   
apply a little nitrog5 at fir/ to />t ! 
gr[?4 ,! l& %\ld really be prep>$ =     
beans ! season be=e  y plant !m1 because
 new1 fre% or co>se /able manure appli$ 
:5 plant$1 w make ! crop rank1 )\t      
increas+ ! yield4  ,?is is especially   
true ( ,lima beans4 ,spread ! manure !  
fall  be=e1 s t x w h done its "w be=e !
 spr+ plant+  beg9s2 if m f]tiliz] is   
necess>y1 use "s ( ! quickly  available 
comm]cial f]tiliz]s1 ^? ri* 9 pota% or  
phosphoric  acid be+ ! be/4 ,! soil %\ld
 be h>r[$ at lea/ twice be=e  plant+ &  
?or\ghly pulv]iz$4 ,?is puts ! soil 9   
good til?  & prev5ts ! gr[? ( we$s4     
,?r\gh ! :ole season tillage  %\ld be   
frequ5t en\gh to prev5t we$s gett+ a    
foot+ or a cru/  =m+ ab\t ! roots1 b !  
plants %\ld n be cultivat$ :ile  wet )  
dew or ra91 z t r5d]s ! crop liable to  

spore diseases4                         
,,lima ,,beans4    ,late ,lima beans    
dem& su* a long season & su* cont9u\s   
gr[?1  t x is n always advisable to try 
to gr[ !m 9 ! ,nor!rn  ,/ates1          
especially n ! true ,lima beans4 ,!     
,sieva or ,c>ol9a bean  is a ,lima t may
 be successfully rais$ 9 ! ,nor!rn      
,/ates if due  att5tion is paid to soil 
& exposure4 ,x is n s high a climb] z  !
 l>ge1 true ,lima1 & !re=e matures be=e 
! nights get too  cool4 ,x is a         
comp>atively e>ly crop1 q h>dy = a ,lima
 bean1  truly annual1 ) ?91 %ort1 broad 
leaves1 & a lot ( pap]y pods  mu* curv$ 
on ! back1 :i* bur/ op5 :5 ! beans are  
ripe4  ,^! beans or se$s may be :ite1   
br[n1 or m>k$ ) r$1 b are  always small 
& flat4 ,*all5g] is ! favorite br& (    
,sieva bean4  ,! true ,lima is l>g]1    
:it]1 & may be speckl$ ) r$1 br[n or    
black4 ,! pods are few]1 ?ick]1 & d n   
split :5 ! se$s are  ripe1 & ! v9es are 
m easily injur$ by a t\* ( fro/4 ,bo?  !
 true ,lima & ! ,sieva ,lima may n[ be  

_h 9 dw>f v>ieties4    ,/r+ & ,lima     
beans are n ! only sorts 9 common use4  
,! o!rs  are n pick$ until fully ripe1  
:5 ! pods _c be us$4 ,!y are  kn[n z    
8%ell0 beans1 & !re are sev]al k9ds1 all
 9 high favor4  ,^! are mo/ly ( ! pole  
v>iety & mature late 9 ! season4 ,!     
prep>ation ( ! soil & ! g5]al culture   
are ! same z =  dw>f beans1 ! ,sc>let   
,runn] & ,:ite ,dut* ,runn]4    ,!re are
 m ?an #ajj v>ieties ( beans & no "o    
book c\ld give  9 detail all t is (     
int]e/ conc]n+ !m1 b ! g>d5]  :o wants  
to "k m ( 8 bean crop may read ,bailey1 
,bullet9 #hg  ,cornell ,exp]im5t        
,/ation1 & ,cornell ,bullet9 #aae4      
,bu% beans are s[n 9 drills1 #ah to #bj 
in*es ap>t to admit ( easy  & frequ5t   
tillage1 :i* is necess>y to pres]ve     
moi/ure &  de/roy we$s2 ! plants /& f   
five to t5 in*es ap>t 9 ea*  r[4 ,"o p9t
 ( se$ w s[ f #ge to #abe feet ( drill1 
accord+  to ! v>iety ( bean us$1 or at !
 rate ( "o bu%el up to five  pecks ( se$
 to ! acre1 :5 s[n 9 drills4 ,fall1 or  

climb+  beans1 & all ,lima beans1 are   
s[n 9 hills1 f\r or five se$s to a      
hill1 & ! hills are ?ree to f\r feet    
ap>t4    ,pole & ,lima beans ne$        
supports & :5 poles are sc>ce y may put 
/rong /akes 9 ! gr\nd at di/ances ( #aj 
to #ab feet1 & !n run  two r[s ( wire f 
pole to pole1 "o r[ ne> ! gr\nd & "o    
ne> ! top ( ! /ake4 ,!n f ! top to !    
bottom wire1 run  cords1 up :i* ! beans 
may climb4 ,9 small1 home g>d5s1 gr[]s  
(t5 s[ ,lima beans 9 a semicircle (     
hills ar\nd "o /ake &  !n run cords f   
ea* hill to ! top ( ! /ake2 b ?is me?od 
is n suitable = a l>ge area4    ,b      
climb+ beans1 especially ,lima & ,sc>let
 ,runn]1 c be  ornam5tal z well z       
useful1 & ! wise g>d5] looks out = all  
su* possibilities 9 8 crops4 ,if y h an 
old f5ce or unsightly  build+1 plant y\r
 climb+ beans aga9/ x1 fe$ !m well1 &   
!y w make a good gr[? ( gre5 v9es1 :i* w
 be a pleasure  to look ^u1 at ! same "t
 t !y give a good yield4 ,?is is  true  
int5sive f>m+1 z y are gett+ all !re is 

out ( y\r  gr\nd1 & at ! same "t mak+   
y\r place m beautiful at no  add$       
exp5se1 save ! use ( additional         
intellig5ce4    ,!re is /ill ano!r po9t 
to rememb] 9 plant+ ,lima beans1 &      
simple z x may seem1 x is really "o ( ^?
 tricks ( ! trade  :i* make all !       
diff]5ce betwe5 pr(it & loss4 ,plant y\r
  ,lima beans eye d[n4 ,o!r beans w /& =
 any?+ 9 ! way  ( plant+1 b ,limas are  
p>ticul> & insi/ ^u hav+ _!             
peculi>ities consid]$4 ,y h se5 p j l t1
 &  y "k t a little special att5tion    
br+s its own rew>d4 ,x is  ! same )     
,lima beans--or inde$ ) any o!r         
crops--give !m  :at !y want & !y w give 
y :at y want 9 return4 ,t  is no?+ m ?an
 a fair b>ga91 & ! love ( a b>ga9 is    
+ra9$ 9 ! ,am]ican nature4    ,comm]cial
 bean gr[+ is a comp>atively rec5t      
bus9ess1 dat+ back  only to #ahci1      
al?\gh beans h be5 us$ = human food = _m
  c5turies4 ,?is bran* ( f>m+ 9 ,new    
,york ,/ate alone means !  annual       
production ( sev]al millions ( bu%els ( 

dri$ beans =  comm]cial di/ribution4    
,! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 ,canada & ,cali=nia1 
are ! *ief bean-gr[+  sections2 9 w>m]  
sections ! crop suff]s sev]ely f pe/s1  
s t x is n pr(itable to raise x4 ,s\!rn 
bean gr[]s use  nor!rn-gr[n se$ to avoid
 ! ravages ( ! weevil4 ,ev5 9 ,new      
,york ,/ate "s sections suff] m f ?is   
pe/ ?an o!rs2 beans  gr[n 9 ! nor!rn    
c\nties be+ practically free f attacks4 
,if y mean to gr[ beans by ! acre1 y w d
 well to read up  m fully 9 ,dep>tm5t ( 
,agriculture ,bullet9s & 9 ,bailey's    
8,cyclop$ia ( ,am]ican ,agriculture10   
,vol4 ,,ii4    ,! *ief disease f :i*    
beans suff] is an?racnose1 :i* ev5  !   
beg9n] may recognize :5 x has rea*$ !   
/age :]e sunk5  br[n spots appe> on !   
pods2 & :5 ^! spots h a t9y p9k  c5tre1 
y h se5 ! spore at "w4 ,! be/ kn[n means
 (  fight+ x1 is to select clean heal?y 
se$1 c>efully h&-pick$2 g  ov] ! field z
 soon z ! plants come up & we$ out !    
affect$  ones2 spray ?or\ghly )         
,bordeaux mixture#h to :i* has be5 add$ 

res9 soap4 ,! comp\nd %\ld be z foll[s3 
,bordeaux mixture3--#a  p\nds vitriol1  
#a p\nd lime1 #ab to #ae gallons ( wat]4
 ,res9 soap3--  p\nd res91  p\nd        
cry/alliz$ salsoda1 #a p9t wat] 7boil   
until  cle> br[n solution is secur$1 !n 
add to ,bordeaux mixture74 ,apply  fir/ 
:5 ! ?ird leaf ( ! se$l+s is op5+1 &    
repeat at  int]vals ( t5 to twelve days 
or aft] ra9 has wa%$ ! mixture  (f4     
,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,r5t ,,pay]4         
,,footnotes3    #h ,,note4--,unless ! "u
 surfaces ( ! leaves z well z !  upp]   
surfaces be kept coat$ ) ! spray1       
,bordeaux w be (  little avail4 ,= !    
comm]cial gr[] ( dry beans1 spray+ is n 
advis$4--,samuel ,fras]4                
,,*apt] ,,xx4                           
,,solanace\s ,,crops4      ,?is is a big
 ^w1 b x means only t ^! plants belong  
to !  night%ade family4    ,?is division
 takes 9 tomatoes1 eggplant1 pepp]s &   
husk tomatoes4  ,^! require all1 or     
ne>ly all1 ! season to mature1 & !y keep
  on mak+ gr[?1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,nor?1   

until kill$ by fro/4  ,!y are all se$-b$
 crops requir+ a great deal ( quick-act+
  f]tiliz]1 especially :5 !y are "y1 &  
to secure a heavy crop  y mu/ give !m an
 e>ly />t4    ,!y are really ( ! same   
family z ! potato1 yet !y are n  gr\p$ )
 t crop1 because ! p>ts eat5 are !      
fruits :i*  gr[ on _! /ems & bran*es1 r 
?an ! ?ick5$ /em or  8tub]40 ,!y are    
hot-season plants & are usually gr[n 9  
hills4                                  
,,tomatoes4    ,9 almo/ all p>ts ( !    
,unit$ ,/ates ! tomato is easily gr[n2  
yet x requires a long1 w>m season1 &    
soil 9 excell5t til? =  be/ results4 ,! 
se$ is s[n 9 a se$- or hot-b$1 & !      
plants  are all[$ to gr[ f f\r to eight 
weeks be=e transplant+ to  ! g>d51      
al?\gh !y may be transplant$ once or    
twice 9 !  se$-b$ to secure free & /ocky
 gr[?4 ,= ! small home g>d5  ! plants   
are usually h&l$ 9 pots1 b = comm]cial  
purposes  !y are plant$ 9 small flats n 
m ?an #ab in*es squ>e1 hold+  ab\t two  
in*es ( soil4 ,! e>li] !y are />t$ !    

bett]1  because !y are less likely to   
suff] f fruit-rot & fro/ if !y  fruit   
e>ly4    ,9 ! ,nor?1 y mu/ h vigor\s1   
/ocky plants1 well 9 advance  ( !       
season1 & a w>m quick soil1 to get a    
good crop ( tomatoes4  ,too mu* fre%    
/able manure w cause rank v9e gr[? &    
delay  fruit+1 s t ! soil %\ld be       
f]tiliz$ a season 9 advance &  ! manure 
?or\ghly rott$4 ,at ! "t ( plant+ x is  
well to  apply a light dress+ ( nitrate 
( soda1 z ?is gives bett] results  ?an  
twice ! application :5 giv5 lat] at     
int]vals up to ,augu/4    ,at ! ,s\?1   
tomatoes are gr[n 9 frames cov]$ )      
unblea*$  %eet+ by night & dur+ cold    
snaps1 b 9 ! day ?is cov]+  is roll$ up 
& ! plants are h>d5$ by ! air4 ,al?\gh  
t5d] to  fro/1 ! tomato v9e is a fairly 
h>dy plant1 & w /& e>li]  field plant+  
?an is sometimes giv5 x1 if x does n get
 fro/4  ,we h prov$ by exp]im5t t !     
yield is greatly increas$ by  e>ly      
transplant+4 ,!re is a pr(it 9 t4       
,tomatoes give e>li] & bett] results :]e

 ! v9es are tra9$1  b t is only possible
 9 small g>d5s4 ,:]e ! plants are gr[n  
= cann+1 little att5tion is giv5 !m aft]
 transplant+ to !  field4 ,losses f rot 
are ( c\rse mu* l>g] !re1 b ?is _c  well
 be avoid$4    ,9 small g>d5s !y are    
prun$ to a s+le /em4 ,/rong /akes  are  
driv5 into ! gr\nd & cords are /ret*$   
betwe5 !m  horizontally at top & bottom4
 ,f ^! horizontal cords y may  run      
p]p5dicul> /r+s1 to "o ( :i* ea* plant  
is ti$4 ,plants  prun$ & ti$ up 9 ?is   
way1 may be plac$ z close toge!r z #ah  
in*es1 :ile if left to spread !y require
 f ?ree to f\r feet (  space4    ,by    
prun+ is meant ! p9*+ out ( ea* side    
bran* z x appe>s1  compell+ ! plant to  
put all its gr[? into "o p>5t /em4 ,"s  
gr[]s ev5 g s f> z to cut (f ! tops ( ! 
plant z soon z  ?ree clu/]s ( fruit are 
=m$4 ,i h cut (f :ole bran*es :]e  !    
v9es 7 too ?ick1 )\t app>5t injury4 ,all
 ?is decreases  ! quantity ( fruit t ea*
 plant w produce1 b x greatly  increases
 ! e>l9ess ( rip5+1 & ! size & quality (

 !  fruit4 ,besides1 ! plants may be    
gr[n s mu* clos] t ! loss 9  quantity is
 n s great z w\ld at fir/ appe>4        
,h5ry ,j]oloman ( ,new ,j]sey1 kn[n all 
ov] ! c\ntry z !  8,/rawb]ry ,k+10 has a
 tomato-plant+ trick t is wor? not+4    
,mr4 ,j]oloman1 by ! way1 raises ab\t   
#e1jjj wor? f 8 eight  acres annually1 &
 he plants tomatoes at ! foot ( 8       
grape-trellis  po/s & tra9s !m to climb 
up ! po/s & along ! trellis4 ,&  "r "h  
is :]e ! real trick comes 93 by tra9+ ! 
tomatoes  to climb up in/ead ( sprawl+  
all ov] ! gr\nd1 he is able to  plant 8 
l[-gr[+ crops1 l beets or turnips1 close
 up to !  v9es & lose no space4 ,t is "o
 ( ! reasons :y 8 eight acres  br+ 9 m  
?an ! av]age f>m ( #ajj acres4 ,y\r     
pr(it w  dep5d ^u simil> devices =      
8work+0 ! soil4    ,! be/ rack =        
support+ unprun$ v9es1 is a *eap1 r\gh &
  simple affair1 con/ruct$ by ! gr[]    
himself z foll[s3--,run a r[  ( /akes on
 ei!r side ( y\r tomato b$ & nail a     
light bo>d to  ea* r[ ab\t a foot f !   

gr\nd1 s t ! di/ance betwe5  ! two r[s w
 be ab\t ?ree feet4 ,across ?is lay n>r[
 slats1  loosely4 ,! plants lop on !    
slats1 ! fruits rip5 uni=mly1 &  usually
 ) a small] p]c5tage ( rot ?an :]e !y   
lie on !  gr\nd4    ,if y\r g>d5 is     
situat$ :]e fro/s are apt to come z e>ly
 z  ,augu/1 y %\ld plant y\r tomatoes   
aga9/ ! s\? side ( !  h\se or out-build+
 & cov] !m at night1--a po9t wor? not+ =
  all t5d] plants4    ,9 8,vegetable    
,g>d5+10 ,gre5 sugge/s an +5i\s yet     
simple me?od  ( rais+ en\gh tomatoes =  
family use :]e ! season is too  %ort to 
raise !m 9 ! field or g>d54 ,get ?ree or
 f\r b>rels  ab\t ! size ( a coal-oil   
b>rel1 bore sev]al holes 9 ! bottom  (  
ea*1 !n s9k ab\t "o-?ird _! dep? 9 !    
gr\nd 9 !  w>me/ corn]s ( y\r l&4    ,:5
 ?is has be5 done1 fill ea* b>rel ab\t  
half full ( fre%  horse manure well     
tramp$ d[n1 & p\r ov] x a bucketful (   
hot  wat] to />t f]m5tation4 ,on top (  
?is put eight in*es ( good  soil1 !n a  
mixture ( well-rott$ manure & good black

 loam 9 equal  quantities up to ab\t    
twelve in*es f ! top ( ! b>rel4 ,heap   
manure up ar\nd ! outside ( y\r b>rel4  
,plant1 say ?ree /ocky  plants 9 ea*    
b>rel1 trimm+ !m to two %oots ea*4 ,tie 
"o %oot  f ea* plant to /akes or "s     
ne>by support1 & let ! o!r  gr[         
naturally ov] ! side ( ! b>rel4 ,give a 
gallon ( wat] a  day to ea* b>rel & y w 
raise en\gh tomatoes 9 ! season =  a    
family ( f\r or five p]sons4    ,! ,i[a 
,exp]im5t ,/ation %[$ t untra9$ tomato  
v9es gave  ! smalle/ yield & ! l>ge/    
p]c5tage ( decay$ fruit2 t  /ak$ v9es   
gave a mu* l>g] p]c5tage ( s\nd fruit & 
! lea/  p]c5tage ( decay$ fruit ( ! :ole
 exp]im5t2 t hill+ up  did n give any   
/rik+ results 9 any direction2 & t1 :ile
  mul*+ enorm\sly increas$ ! yield1 x   
also greatly increas$ !  t5d5cy to rot4 
,because tomatoes suff] s f fro/1 x is  
wise to ha/5 fruit+ by  e means1 b if   
fro/ /rikes be=e ! fruits are ripe1 !   
l>ge  gre5 ones may be pick$ & plac$ 9  
draw]s or o!r dry1 close  places to     

rip54 ,g5]ally !y color well & develop a
 good quality4  ,if ! fruits h n rea*$  
full size1 ! :ole plant may be pull$  ) 
! fruits on1 & hung upside d[n 9 a b>n  
or dry build+1 &  !y w cont9ue to draw  
n\ri%m5t f ! plant & sometimes  rip54   
,f "o ounce ( se$ y may expect f #bjjj  
to #bejj plants2 if  plant$ 9 hills ?ree
 by f\r feet ap>t1 an acre w require    
#cfcj  plants4 ,a l>ge yield ( tomatoes 
is f #ab to #af tons p] acre2 !  av]age 
is mu* bel[ ?is4 ,! favorite tomato 9 ! 
,am]ican m>ket  is l>ge1 r\nd & smoo?1 !
 ,angul> & o!r irregul>-%ap$  v>ieties  
br++ a mu* l[] price4 ,v>ieties run out 
s quickly  t x is n advisable to give ! 
names4    ,! fri5d t y make 9 ! se$ /ore
 w be able to keep y  po/$ ab\t su*     
?+s--y c look 9 8 eyes & tell if he  is 
ly+1 :i* y c't d ) a catalogue4 ,or y c 
ask !  ,agricultural ,editor4           
,,eggplant4    ,y treat eggplants j z y 
d tomatoes1 except t !y ne$ ev5  great] 
c>e t ! "y plants are n *eck$ 9 _! gr[?1
 &  a long] season4 ,eggplant is really 

a hot-climate crop1 & s requires        
especial att5tion = e>ly rip5+ 9 !      
,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,x gr[s  be/ 9 ! ,s\?1 b
 does well z f> nor? z ,new ,j]sey &    
,long  ,isl&4 ,fur!r nor? x is seldom   
gr[n = m ?an home use4    ,eggplant ne$s
 a long season1 sunny exposure1 a w>m1  
loose1 & r  dry b ri* soil4 ,x is />t$ 9
 ! hot-b$ & n transplant$  until f six  
to t5 in*es high4 ,x is su* a f9icky    
crop t if  ! plants are cr[d$ or /unt$  
ev5 9 ! hot-b$1 ! yield is  s]i\sly     
r$uc$4 ,= ?is reason1 gr[]s (t5 />t x 9 
two-in*  or ?ree-in* fl[] pots1 or 9    
old1 small b]ry baskets1 z x  is less   
likely to suff] a *eck :5 transplant$ to
 ! g>d54  ,eggplants d n ne$ s mu*      
moi/ure z peas or cool-season crops1  & 
:atev] f]tiliz] is appli$ mu/ be quickly
 available4 ,p]fect  tillage is necess>y
 f fir/ to la/4    ,eggplants are set 9 
r[s f> en\gh ap>t to admit (            
horse-tillage1  f #c to #d feet ap>t1 & 
two to f\r feet ap>t 9 ! r[s1  accord+  
to ! v>iety ( plant gr[n4 ,! fruits are 

fit to eat :5  !y h rea*$ "o-?ird _!    
full size1 & are desirable until  !y are
 fully ripe1 :5 !y lose _! value z food4
    ,al?\gh ! fruit may be left on !    
plant until fully gr[n1 a l>g]  crop is 
secur$ by pick+ be=e _! full size is    
rea*$4 ,=  m>ket1 h[ev]1 !y mu/ be well 
color$4 ,! l>ge v>ieties su* z  ,new    
,york ,improv$ & ! ,black ,pek9 br+ !   
highe/ prices 9 !  m>ket1 b x is        
difficult to gr[ !m to p]fection 9 !    
,nor!rn  ,/ates because ( ! %ort season4
 ,"s ( ! dw>fs1 notably !  ,e>ly ,dw>f  
,purple1 are m desirable4 ,:ite         
eggplants are n  popul>1 because !y are 
usually an ugly yell[1 :ile ! /rip$ &   
coil+ fruits are reg>d$ m z curiosities 
?an z /aple m>ket  products4    ,!      
eggplant is subject to sev]al obscure   
fung\s diseases1  p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,s\?1 &
 ! only kn[n rem$y is rotation &        
de/ruction ( ! diseas$ v9es4 ,= ! potato
 bug1 :i* sometimes  attacks eggplants1 
x is be/ to use ,p>is gre51 ab\t        
"o-qu>t]  p\nd to #bj to #be gallons (  

wat]1 & pl5ty ( lime4 ,= leaf spot1  use
 ,bordeaux mixture4 ,get ,new ,j]sey    
,report #ahij1 p4 #cee4                 
,,pepp]s4    ,pepp]s are />t$ 9 frames &
 :5 transplant$ are set f eight  to     
twelve in*es ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,!y are       
cultivat$ j z tomatoes  are1 &1 z !y d n
 suff] f pe/s or diseases1 ! crop is  m 
sure4    ,pepp]s w ?rive 9 a cool]      
season ?an tomatoes1 & w  ev5 endure    
slight fro/1 b 9 all o!r respects !y    
require  ! same treatm5t z tomatoes4 ,!y
 h only rec5tly acquir$  any importance 
z a crop1 & ev5 n[1 _! use 9 cook+ be+  
only semi-occasional1 !y are n v /aple4 
,italians use !m  ext5sively1 & z       
,italian communities gr[1 ! dem& =      
pepp]s  w increase4 ,we use !m ma9ly =  
mak+ pickles1 = :i*  purpose ! small    
,cay5ne1 ,*ili & ,cranb]ry v>ieties are 
gr[n4  ,= /uff+1 ! favorite sorts are ! 
l>ge sweet pepp]s1 ,sweet  ,m\nta9 &    
,ruby ,k+4 ,^! pepp]s are n at all      
simil> to !  pepp]-b]ries ( comm]ce1 :i*
 belong to o!r families4                

,,husk ,,tomato4    ,! husk tomato is an
 h]b :i* produces a k9d ( pap]y sk9     
conta9+ a yell[i%1 glut9\s b]ry4 ,x is  
(t5 spok5 ( z !  /rawb]ry tomato4 ,x is 
v easy ( cultivation on ! tomato plan1  
al?\gh "s v>ieties1 notably ! ,cape     
,gooseb]ry1 d n rip5 well  9 ! f> ,nor?2
 ! ,dw>f ,cape ,gooseb]ry1 h[ev]1 does  
well z f>  nor? z ,ont>io4 ,! s(t1      
sweeti% fruits may be eat5 raw or cook$ 
& are (t5 us$ = pres]ves & pickles4 ,!re
 are sev]al native  species1 "s ( :i*   
are call$ ,gr\nd ,*]ry4                 
,,*apt] ,,xxi4                          
,,v9e ,,or ,,cucurbit\s ,,crops4        
8,cucurbit\s0 is a f9e l>ge ^w1 b y     
don't ne$ to le>n x4  ,all v9e crops are
 annuals & are t5d] to fro/1 al?\gh all 
d  n ne$ a hot-b$ />t4 ,!y are          
w>m-season crops1 & 9 !  ,nor!rn ,/ates 
mo/ ( !m ne$ a quick />t s t !y c rip5  
be=e ! summ] is pa/4 ,well-prep>$ soil &
 a sunny exposure are  desirable4 ,!y   
transplant ) su* difficulty t !y are    
usually  s[n :]e !y are to gr[1 b if n1 

x is be/ to />t !m on  sods turn$ upside
 d[n1 or 9 pots or boxes4 ,!y are always
 a ma9  crop & are plant$ 9 hills4 ,!re 
is v little diff]5ce 9 !  cultivation ( 
any ( !m1 & if y "k h[ & :]e to gr[ "o1 
y w g5]ally d well ) ! re/4    ,:]e y   
fail1 y may usually lay x to ! fact t   
y\r soil 0  n 9 condition to give ! "y  
plants a good hold & to get a  quick    
/>t4 ,if y\r soil is well prep>$1 well  
dra9$ & prop]ly  f]tiliz$1 y w h little 
tr\ble1 unless x may be f pe/s4  ,! way 
to fight ^? is to s[ se$ freely1 & be   
cont5t to lose  ! great] "p ( y\r       
possible crop4    ,"s gr[]s :o make a   
specialty ( melons or cucumb]s1 plant   
squa%  & pumpk9 se$ v e>ly 9 ! field t !
 "y plants may  attract ! /rip$ beetle &
 give ! f>m]s ! opportunity to kill  !  
pe/ be=e ! real crops are tak5 f !      
frames4 ,t is a  me?od ( deceiv+ !      
creatures1 b ! end ju/ifies ! means4    
,unless y live :]e ! climate is cold & !
 season %ort1 y may  plant squa%1 pumpk9
 & cucumb] 9 ! op5 fields :]e !y are  to

 gr[4 ,o!rwise />t !m 9 frames1 z       
muskmelons are />t$4  ,! l& %\ld be giv5
 ! be/ ( surface tillage1 & e ef=t  %\ld
 be made to />t ! plants s well t !     
fruits w h  set be=e midsumm]4 ,all ^!  
v9e plants ne$ mu* moi/ure 9  ! soil &  
if ! prep>ation-tillage be neglect$1 no 
am\nt (  aft]-tillage c make up = ! fir/
 loss4    ,wat* ! v9es c>efully s z to  
prev5t "o fruit sett+ mu* 9  advance ( !
 o!rs4 ,x is bett] to pick ! fir/ "o (f 
if x is  mu* ahead ( ! ma9 crop4        
,o!rwise !re w be no uni=mity (  size or
 quality4 ,if y\r plants run too mu* to 
v9e1 p9* (f !  %oots & let ! vigor g to 
fruit-mak+4    ,^! crops (t5 succe$ z   
e>ly crop & ma9-season crop1 by  />t+ "o
 ab\t two weeks aft] ! o!r4 ,spade up ! 
gr\nd  loosely = a space ( a squ>e foot 
or two1 & mix light1 loose e>?  or      
b>ny>d scrap+s ) x to make ! hill4 ,x is
 well to add a  h&ful ( f]tiliz] to !   
e>?2 b if x seems cold & h>d1  remove x 
altoge!r & replace x by light1 w>m soil4
 ,( c\rse 9  ! w>m1 light soils ( ! ,s\?

 ?is is n necess>y4                     
,,cucumb] ,,& ,,gh]k94    ,!re are almo/
 no special directions = gr[+ cucumb]s  
if !  g5]al directions = all v9e crops  
are c>efully foll[$4 ,cucumb]s  are     
plant$ 9 hills1 usually f\r by f\r feet 
ap>t1 ?\gh = !  l>ge1 late v>ieties !y  
may be z f> z f\r by six feet ap>t4 ,an 
acre conta9s #bgbb hills :5 ! di/ance is
 f\r by f\r feet1 & x  requires two     
p\nds ( se$ to plant an acre1 or "o     
ounce to #gj or #hj  hills4 ,t w all[   
f\r or five plants to a hill4 ,rememb]  
to plant  freely if ! /rip$ beetle is at
 "w ne> y\r pat*4    ,z cucumb]s are    
eat5 :5 "y1 x helps ! yield imm5sely if 
ea*  fruit is pick$ z soon z x rea*es ! 
table /ate4 ,y %\ld g  ov] ! entire pat*
 e two or ?ree days at lea/1 to see t no
  fruit is rip5+ at ! exp5se ( ! gr[? ( 
its little bro!rs  on ! v9e4 ,if y want 
to keep "s = se$1 res]ve a :ole hill  = 
t purpose4    ,= ! e>ly-season v>ieties 
:i* are plant$ 9 flats or se$-b$s1  !   
,e>ly ,russian1 a small-fruit$ sort1 is 

! favorite4 ,= ! lat]  sorts ! ,:ite    
,sp9e1 9 v>i\s /ra9s1 is ! /&>d4        
,gh]k9s are simply immature cucumb]s1 v 
small 9 size2 !y are  us$ solely =      
pickles1 usually sweet pickles4 ,!      
fruits ( ! ,we/  ,indian or ,bur cucumb]
 are also call$ gh]k9s4 ,! treatm5t is !
  same z = cucumb]s1 b ! fruits are     
pull$ z soon z fully  =m$4 ,x is q      
pr(itable to pickle !m y\rself4    ,on !
 av]age1 an acre w yield #ajj bu%els (  
cucumb]s =  pickl+1 b ?is yield c be    
greatly increas$ by prop] c>e &         
att5tion4 ,"u ! be/ conditions1 #djj to 
#ejj bu%els to ! acre  are possible4    
,,muskmelon4    ,! muskmelon is native  
to s\!rn ,asia & 0 gr[n by ! anci5ts4   
,! melon gr[s be/ 9 light1 s&y soil 9   
w>m1 sunny spots1  al?\gh x is rais$ =  
m>ket 9 _m p>ts ( ?is c\ntry1 & z  f>   
nor? z p>ts ( ,canada4 ,new ,j]sey is an
 important melon-gr[+  ,/ate4    ,melons
 are plant$ 9 hills f f\r by five to f\r
 by six feet  ap>t1 accord+ to :e!r e>ly
 or ma9-season crop4 ,! e>ly crop  may  

be plant$ a little clos] ?an ! ma9 crop1
 & is 9 ! field  two or ?ree weeks      
ahead4 ,! quantity ( se$ is ab\t ! same 
z  t us$ = cucumb] plant+ & ! same      
treatm5t is necess>y4  ,!re are ab\t    
#aahe hills to an acre1 & two or ?ree   
good fruits  to ea* plant is a good     
yield4 ,! mo/ important v>ieties are !  
cantal\pes1 :i* h h>d1 w>ty r9ds1 & are 
little gr[n 9 ?is  c\ntry2 ! nutmeg or  
nett$ type1 ext5sively gr[n "h1 & !     
w9t] melons1 :i* rip5 late 9 ! season & 
are z yet little  kn[n "h4 ,! lead+     
v>ieties to be f\nd 9 ! ,am]ican m>ket1 
are ,rocky ,=d1 ,osage1 ,montreal ,m>ket
 & ,hack5sack1 b ! melon is  s v>iable t
 only types1 n v>ieties1 are con/ant4   
,diseases &  insects are ! same z 9     
cucumb]4                                
,,wat]melon4    ,wat]melons are ev5 m   
unc]ta9 ?an muskmelons1 because ( _!    
ne$ ( a long1 w>m season2 !re=e1 !y are 
b little gr[n 9  ! nor!rnmo/ ,/ates1    
except a few v>ieties :i* w rip5 z f>   
nor? z s\!rn ,ont>io1 if bo? soil &     

exposure be w>m en\gh4  ,wat]melon ne$s 
su* a long season1 su* a w>m1 well dra9$
 soil1  su* att5tion to detail1 to come 
to p]fection1 t x is n a  v pr(itable   
crop = ! av]age g>d5]4 ,9 ! pa/1 ! s\?  
,atlantic & ,gulf ,/ates h held fir/    
place z wat]melon c5tres1  & are likely 
to cont9ue 9 t pr\d position ev5 ?\gh ! 
mid-cont95tal ,/ates h tak5 up !        
indu/ry4    ,se$s are plant$ :]e !      
plants are to gr[1 b all dang] (  fro/s 
%\ld be pa/4 ,! be/ soil prep>ation     
includes fall pl[+  t ! w9t] fro/ may   
help p[d] ! e>?4 ,! hills are made  by  
mix+ sev]al %ovelfuls ( well-rott$      
manure ) ! soil &  !n cov]+ ! mixture ) 
"s in*es ( f9e1 s(t e>?4 ,plant  ! se$s 
9 ?is & see t ! soil does n bake or     
cru/4 ,?is  c only be avoid$ by c>eful  
surface tillage4 ,! cultivation (       
wat]melons mu/ be done solely )         
h&-tools1 z ! v9es are v  t5d] & ! lea/ 
injury to !m affects bo? quantity &     
quality  ( crop4 ,! hills are usually t5
 feet ap>t ea* way1 & !re are  only #dce

 hills to ! acre4 ,x takes f\r p\nds (  
se$ to s[ an  acre4 ,:5 gr[n 9 ! ,nor!rn
 ,/ates1 plants may be />t$ "u  glass1 b
 great c>e mu/ be tak5 to avoid any     
injury or *eck to  ! gr[?1 dur+         
transplant+4    ,beg9n]s (t5 f9d x      
difficult to tell :5 a wat]melon is     
ripe4  ,!re are ?ree recogniz$ me?ods1 b
 to ! practic$ eye none (  ^! te/s are  
necess>y4 ,if a melon 8?umps0 "r1 t is1 
if x  gives out a dull1 flat1 dead s\nd1
 x is ripe1 b if x r+s holl[  or musical
 x is n yet ripe4 ,! next te/ is !      
yell[i% ca/ to  ! side t has la9 on !   
gr\nd1 along ) a h>d1 r\gh1 w>ty  sk9 9 
t place2 & ! ?ird is ! way ! melon      
8gives0 "u  pressure ( ! h&4 ,! la/ te/ 
%\ld nev] be appli$ to melons  int5d$ = 
! m>ket1 because x bruises !m inside4   
,:at is call$ vegetable citron 9 ?is    
c\ntry is no?+ b a  v>iety ( wat]melon )
 fle% too h>d to be eat54 ,x is n !     
true comm]cial citron1 :i* is ! fruit ( 
a tree l ! orange or  lemon4    ,insects
 or diseases ! same z 9 cucumb]4 ,if y  

mu/ "k m (  wat]melon culture1 get      
,bullet9 #ch1 ,georgia ,exp4 ,/ation4   
,,pumpk9 ,,& ,,squa%4    ,al?\gh s      
closely alli$1 pumpk9s & squa% d n      
usually cross1  despite ! common notion 
to ! contr>y4 ,!y are di/9ct types (  ! 
same family4 ,! /&>d v>iety ( pumpk9 9  
?is c\ntry is  ! ,connecticut ,field4 ,!
 fruits are l>ge1 orange-color$ & smoo? 
furr[$4 ,!y are us$ to make pies = man &
 z food = /ock1  :ile to ! small boy !y 
are *iefly useful z 8jack lant]ns40     
,! pumpk9 is (t5 gr[n 9 corn-fields & 9 
,engl& !y h a  summ] v>iety call$       
vegetable m>r[1 :i* is 9 great dem&1    
:ile  our summ] squa%es1 ,crookneck1    
,scallop & ,pattypan are also =ms (  !  
pumpk94 ,^! are call$ bu% squa%es1 & may
 be gr[n z close  z ?ree by f\r feet 9 !
 g>d51 :ile ! regul> pumpk9 &  squa%es  
require to be plant$ eight to t5 feet   
ap>t4 ,x takes ?ree  p\nds ( se$ to !   
acre = ea*1 & a yield ( two or ?ree     
fruits  to ! v9e is a l>ge crop4    ,!re
 are sev]al lead+ types ( w9t] or field 

squa%es su* z !  ,hubb>d1 ,m>blehead1   
,bo/on ,m>r[1 ,essex ,hybrid1 & ,turban4
 ,to keep  !m ?r\gh ! w9t] !y %\ld be   
free f bruises or cracks1  be fully ripe
 & h ! /em on4 ,a t\* ( fro/ injures !m4
  ,!y %\ld be /or$ 9 a dry place ) a    
temp]ature above #ej &  plac$ on %elves 
or 9 %all[ b9s4 ,l>ge gr[]s h specially 
con/ruct$1 /ove-heat$ h\ses = /or+ !m4  
,a ?ird type includes ! ,w9t]           
,crooknecks1 ,dunk>d1 ,t5nessee ,sweet  
,potato ,pumpk91 & "s o!rs4 ,! culture (
 bo? squa% & pumpk9  is ! same z =      
cucumb]4    ,! insects f :i* !y mo/     
suff] are3 ! squa% bug & !  melon l\se4 
,to rid ! fields ( ! bug1 keep !m free f
 rubbi%4  ,trap ! bugs ) bits ( squa%   
leaves & e day 9 spr+ pick  (f ! old    
bugs4 ,read ,new ,j]sey ,bullet9 #id2   
,new ,york ,bullet9 #ge1  & ,florida    
,bullet9 #cd4    ,= melon l\se read     
,k5tucky ,bullet9 #ec z well z ^?       
already  m5tion$4 ,get lice 9 _! w9t]   
qu>t]s & de/roy at fir/  appe>ance4 ,use
 bisulphide ( c>bon z ! bullet9 directs4

    ,p[d]y & ,d[ny ,mildew are ! wor/   
diseases4 ,= p[d]y mildew1  spray )     
ammoniacal copp] c>bonate1 & read       
,massa*usetts ,/ate  ,report1 #ahib1 p4 
#bbe1 & ,cornell ,bullet9 #ca4 ,= d[ny  
mildew1  use ,bordeaux mixture e eight  
or t5 days1 until fro/1 & read          
,massa*usetts ,/ate ,report1 #ahij1 p4  
#baa1 & ,new ,york ,bullet9 #aai4       
,,*apt] ,,xxii4                         
,,unclassifi$ ,,annuals4      ,9 ?is    
division ( g>d5 crops come sweet corn1  
okra & m>tynia1  :i* h no relation to ! 
o!r crops1 & none to ea* o!r1  except t 
!y require ab\t ! same cultivation4 ,!y 
are all  w>m-wea!r crops & are gr[n = _!
 immature fruits4 ,!y  require 8quick0  
soil1 are n usually transplant$ & dem&  
little  c>e1 except good tillage4       
,,sweet ,,corn4    ,al?\gh almo/ unkn[n 
9 any o!r "p ( ! _w1 9 ,am]ica  sweet   
corn is "o ( ! mo/ important crops4 ,"o 
h>dly ev] sees  ev5 a small backy>d g>d5
 )\t a few /alks ( sweet corn1 :ile  !  
cann+ indu/ry has gr[n to su* enorm\s   

proportions z to  require ?\s&s ( acres 
( corn e ye>4 ,sweet corn _c be  gr[n 9 
! ,s\? unless ! se$ is gott5 f ! ,nor? e
 ye>4  ,x ?rives be/ 9 ! crisp climate (
 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates & (  ,canada4    ,?is 
is ! crop t gave rise to ! fam\s joke at
 ! 8,_w's  ,fair0 9 ,*icago4 ,!         
,engli%man ask$ ! girl 9 *>ge1 8,:at d y
  d ) s mu* corn80    8,oh10 %e said1   
8we eat :at we c1 & :at we c't we c40   
,aft]w>ds ,johnny ,bull tri$ to tell !  
/ory4 8,s funny10 he said2  8%e told me 
t !y eat :at !y c1 & :at !y c't !y put  
9 t9s--:y don't y laugh80    ,sweet corn
 requires m att5tion ?an field corn1 bo?
 z reg>ds  e>l9ess & ! prop] developm5t 
( ea* plant4 ,= ?is reason x  is plant$ 
9 hills r ?an long drills1 & 9 w>m] &   
quick]  soil1 ) quickly available       
f]tiliz]4 ,gr\nd t has be5 pl[$  deep ! 
fall be=e1 & f]tiliz$ ) well-rott$      
manure makes  a good soil2 if ! gr\nd be
 h>d or cold1 a h&ful ( comm]cial       
f]tiliz] may be add$ to ea* hill4       
,al?\gh corn is a hot-season plant1 x is

 practically a surface  fe$]1 s x _c )/&
 dr\ght z well z potatoes or  o!r crops4
 ,t is :y x is well to pl[ deep & make a
 good  moi/ure-hold+ bottom 9 ord] to   
get good corn ( any k9d4 ,t  is also !  
reason = ! frequ5t surface tillage giv5 
! gr[+  plants4    ,se$ is plant$ = !   
e>ly crop z soon z ! gr\nd is w>m       
en\gh1 & z corn rots quickly ei!r 9 cold
 or damp gr\nd1 x is  well to plant     
freely4 ,coat+ ) t> p]haps pres]ves x1  
at lea/  f ! cr[s4 ,! idea is to get z  
_m e>s z possible f ea*  plant1 s give  
pl5ty ( room1 ! r[s be+ ?ree to f\r feet
 ap>t1  & ea* hill f two & a half to    
?ree feet ap>t4 ,= e>ly crops  use ,e>ly
 ,m9nesota1 ,e>ly ,v]mont1 ,cory &      
,crosby & o!r popul>  br&s4 ,! ,/[ell   
,ev]gre5 is ! /&>d = late crops4 ,corn  
may  be s[n successionally1 at int]vals 
( a week or two1 ei!r = !  home g>d5 or 
= m>ket supply4    ,9 gr[+ = m>ket1     
e>l9ess %\ld be borne p>ticul>ly 9 m9d4 
,! :ole pr(it 9 corn may h+e ^u ev5 "o  
or two days' delay4  ,9 fact1 :]e y are 

compet+ ) _m o!r g>d5]s1 a half day  may
 make a big diff]5ce4 ,y c get ahead    
only by hav+ quick &  well-prep>$ l&1   
plant+ ! e>lie/ v>ieties & giv+ ! crop  
good tillage aft] x has begun to gr[4   
,"s g>d5]s =ce e>ly sweet corn by plac+ 
a h&ful ( f9e  manure 9 ea* hill1 /amp+ 
x d[n h>d ) ! feet4 ,loose dirt is  !n  
kick$ ov] x & spr\t$ se$ plant$--t is1  
se$ t has  be5 soak$ 9 w>m wat] until   
g]m9ation has really begun )9 x4  ,?is  
is a good me?od :]e ! soil is moi/ s t !
 se$s may get  a quick />t1 b x is no   
good 9 dry soil4 ,! manure acts l an    
individual hot-b$ = ea* hill ( corn4    
,:]e ?is plan is us$1 ?or\gh culture mu/
 be giv51 or ! corn  roots w rema9 9 !  
manure dur+ gr[+ "t & suff] f  dr\ght4  
,corn is n ! only crop t is b5efit$ by !
 use ( ! feet 9  plant+4 ,:]ev] ! soil  
mu/ be compact$ ab\t ! newly plant$     
se$1 ! feet c be us$ to advantage4 ,s   
true is ?is1 t ,pet]  ,h5d]son1 !       
well-kn[n ,new ,york g>d5] & se$sman1   
wrote a  pamphlet call$ 8,! ,use ( !    

,h&s & ,feet 9 ,plant+10 :i* is  s5t    
free ^u application4 ,x is well wor?    
read+4    ,:5 x fir/ comes into ! m>ket1
 sweet corn usually br+s #be c5ts  a    
doz5 e>s2 t is ! "t = ! wide-awake g>d5]
 to sell 8  crop4 ,lat] x may fall to   
five c5ts a doz51 & usually sells z l[  
z #aj c5ts2 !re is no pr(it 9 t4    ,if 
y pick ! fir/ e>s z soon z !y are well  
set1 ! second  sett+ w be mu* bett] = x4
 7,v small1 immature e>s are f9e  cook$ 
or raw1 to eat1 cob & all1 b our p are n
 us$ to  t47 ,x takes ab\t a peck ( corn
 to plant an acre 9 hills1 &1 if  well  
att5d$ to1 ! plants %\ld yield f #hjjj  
to #aj1jjj e>s to  ! acre4    ,! insects
 & diseases include wire-worms1         
cut-worms1 *9*-bug &  corn-/alk disease4
 ,%ort rotation1 includ+ fall           
cultivation ( !  l&1 w *eck !           
wire-worms4 ,see ,cornell ,bullet9 #ajg4
 ,treatm5t  = cut-worms is fully        
describ$ 9 ,cornell ,bullet9 #ajd4      
,dit*+1  pl[+ & h>r[+ are bad = !       
*9*-bug & good = y\r  corn4 ,read ,ohio 

,bullet9 #fi1 ,k5tucky ,bullet9 #gd1 &  
,new ,york ,report  #ae1 pp4 #eca-ecc4  
,x w\ld be fruitless to take up y\r "t )
 a discussion (  corn-/alk disease "h1  
:5 y c get x all by simply s5d+ =       
,nebraska ,bullet9 #eb4                 
,,okra ,,or ,,gumbo4    ,al?\gh okra is 
really a ,s\!rn ,/ates p]5nial1 x is    
cultivat$  z an annual1 ! se$s be+ s[n e
 spr+4 ,x is gr[n = its  pods1 :i* are  
cut :ile /ill "y & t5d]1 & are mu* us$ =
  s\ps & /ews4 ,( rec5t ye>s ! pods are 
also cann$ & dri$ =  use 9 w9t]4        
,okra takes ab\t ! same treatm5t z sweet
 corn1 ! se$s be+ s[n  :]e ! plant is to
 gr[1 except 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates4 ,!re ! 
se$s are (t5 plant$ 9 boxes1 pots or    
sods turn$ ov]1 simply  because ! season
 is n long en\gh to rip5 ! plants4 ,!   
real  okra is a l>ge-gr[+ plant t mu/ be
 plant$ f "o to ?ree  feet ap>t 9 r[s t 
are ?ree to five feet ap>t1 b ! dw>f  & 
e>ly-matur+ v>ieties t are gr[n 9 !     
,nor?1 may /& z  close z "o foot ap>t 9 
! r[4 ,!re are no important insects or  

diseases4                               
,,m>tynia4    ,m>tynia is gr[n solely = 
its half-matur$ pods :i* are us$ 9      
pickles4 ,! plant ne$s a w>m soil1 sunny
 exposure1 & mu* room1  z x spreads ov] 
?ree or f\r feet4 ,x ?rives "u ! same   
cultivation z is giv5 corn & okra1 & may
 be plant$ 9 frames or  9 ! op5 z soon z
 ! wea!r is w>m en\gh4 ,x is annual &   
native f s\!rn ,indiana to ! ,gulf4     
,,*apt] ,,xxiii4                        
,,h]bs1 ,,sweet ,,& ,,condim5tal4       
,a great v>iety ( plants1 m$ic9al1      
flavor+ & decorative1 are  h]bs1 b we w 
consid] only ^? us$ = cook]y & usually  
call$ 8sweet h]bs40 ,! v "n br+s        
memories ( fragrant smells4  ,if we _c  
all say1 8,i "k a bank :]eon ! wild ?yme
 gr[s10  yet few :o h ev] kn[n a g>d5   
are unacqua9t$ ) ! odor\s  b$ ( ?yme1   
sage & m9t4 ,al?\gh !re is n su* heavy  
dem&  = !m 9 ?is c\ntry z 9 ,europe1 yet
 _! use is gr[+1 !  favorite be+ sage4  
,sweet h]bs may be divid$1 bo? z to     
culture & z to products1  into two      

classes3--! annuals & ! p]5nials3 ^?    
gr[n =  _! foliage1 & ^? = _! fruits4   
,all are easily gr[n &  dem& little     
att5tion1 & ?\gh !y may be b\ght at any 
drug  /ore1 yet !y :o h once rais$ _!   
own h]bs f9d a pleasure  9 !m t !y w n l
 to miss4 ,annuals & p]5nials may  be   
gr[n toge!r & a v little plot ( gr\nd is
 en\gh to gr[  !m all4 ,*oose a place   
:]e !y w n int]f]e ) pl[+  & cultivat+ &
 let !m /ay1 plant+ ! annuals 9 ! same  
place ea* ye>1 & r5ew+ ! p]5nials z soon
 z !y beg9  to lose _! aromatic         
qualities or o!rwise to fail4 ,! annuals
  %\ld be s[n e ye>1 b p]5nials may be  
propagat$ by division  ( clumps4 ,disc>d
 all ! old] clumps & replant only !     
new]1  y\ng] portions4    ,^? t are     
priz$ = _! foliage1 su* z sage1 ?yme1   
hyssop1  m9ts1 tansy1 horeh\nd &        
wormwood1 are usually cut :5 ! plant is 
9 full gr[? be=e ! /alks h become woody4
 ,cut ! /ems ne>  ! gr\nd1 tie !m 9     
bun*es & hang !m to dry 9 ! attic1 if  y
 are =tunate en\gh to h su* a           

treasure-hole1 or 9 "s cool1  dry place4
 ,y may also cut ! h]bage f "t to "t    
dur+ !  season1 b ?is weak5s ! plant &  
necessitates replant+4 ,^?  t are gr[n =
 se$s1 su* z c>away1 cori&] & dill1 are 
all[$ to rip51 b are pick$ be=e ! se$s  
beg9 to fall4 ,!y  are dri$ 9-doors & ! 
se$s ?re%$ out = w9t] use4 ,bailey1  9 8
 8,vegetable ,g>d5+10 has a li/ divid$ z
 foll[s3--      ,,annuals 7,,or ,,gr[n  
,,z ,,su*74      ,anise    ,sweet basil 
,summ] savory    ,cori&]    ,c>away     
7bi5nial7    ,cl>y 7bi5nial7    ,dill   
7bi5nial7    ,sweet m>joram 7bi5nial or 
p]5nial7      ,,p]5nial4      ,sage     
,lav5d]    ,pepp]m9t    ,spe>m9t        
,hyssop    ,m>joram    ,balm    ,catnip 
,p5nyroyal    ,rosem>y    ,horeh\nd     
,f5nel    ,lovage    ,w9t] savory       
,tansy    ,wormwood    ,co/m>y          
,t>ragon4                               
,,*apt] ,,xxiv4                         
,,p]5nial ,,crops4      ,! vegetables 9 
?is gr\p h little 9 common except _!    
cultural wants or requirem5ts1 b ^! are 

s diff]5t f !  ne$s ( annuals t x is    
conv5i5t to gr\p !m toge!r4 ,because  !y
 occupy _! places m or less p]man5tly1 x
 is necess>y to  *oose a spot t w n     
int]f]e ) ! regul> pl[+ &  till+ ( ! f>m
 or g>d54 ,p]5nials ne$ tillage 9 ! spr+
  & fall & are f]tiliz$ by top dress+s1 
at bo? seasons4                         
,,asp>agus4    ,! *ief ( ! p]5nials is  
asp>agus1 :i* requires a deep1 ri*1     
moi/1 cool soil1 ) a w>m exposure4 ,x   
orig9ally grew 9 rott5  sea-we$ on !    
%ores & is a gross fe$]1 s ! soil _c be 
too ri*4 ,sub-soil+ to ! dep? ( two feet
 is good = asp>agus4  ,x us$ to be ?\ght
 t a lay] ( salt at ! roots made a good 
f]tiliz]1 b salt is no long] us$ 9 t    
way4 ,x is1 h[ev]1  us$ to keep d[n we$s
 9 ! asp>agus b$1 especially ! ,g]man   
salt kn[n z ka9it4 ,?is kills out we$s1 
saves cultivation1 & adds  pota% to !   
soil4    ,if ! l& y h is h>d & co>se1 y 
%\ld prep>e x by  plant+ x ) "s crop t  
ne$s a great deal ( tillage1 su*  z     
potatoes1 = two seasons be=e y plant    

asp>agus4 ,dur+ ?is  "t y %\ld apply all
 ! manure ! l& w c>ry1 because1 z  ! b$ 
w la/ = tw5ty ye>s1 9 ! ,nor!rn ,/ates1 
y w  h no o!r opportunity to put ! soil 
9 prop] condition4 ,don't  be afraid (  
mak+ ! soil too ri*4 ,asp>agus c take   
all y c  give1 & w repay y\r g5]osity4  
,z y make y\r asp>agus plantation       
practically = a lifetime1 y  mu/ ex]cise
 c>e & judgm5t 9 *oos+ ! site4 ,9 a     
family  g>d5 a long r[1 say #ge to #ajj 
feet1 if y h ! space1 at !  re> ( !     
g>d51 is a good place4 ,?is n only puts 
x out ( !  way ( o!r crops1 b x also    
gives y a good backgr\nd 9 summ]  &     
fall1 = ! h]bage ( asp>agus is          
ornam5tal4 ,asp>agus us$  to be plant$ 9
 b$s1 b "u new me?ods ( f>m+1 ?is plan  
has  be5 ab&on$4 ,r[s are m             
satisfactory4 ,:5 gr[n z a field crop   
?is all[s ( horse-tool tillage & saves  
mu* labor4    ,asp>agus roots are w&]]s 
& rea* out = food 9 e  direction1 ev5 m 
horizontally ?an p]p5dicul>ly1 :i* is :y
  x is unwise to h r[s clos] toge!r ?an 

f\r feet4 ,se$sm5  sell asp>agus plants1
 b x is usually bett] to gr[ y\r own    
plants1 al?\gh !y take s long to mature4
 ,se$s may be soak$ 9  w>m wat] = a day 
be=e plant+ & are !n s[n 9 drills &     
cov]$ ab\t an in* deep4 ,! plants %\ld  
be ?9n$ to /& ?ree  or f\r in*es ap>t 9 
! r[4    ,give frequ5t tillage ?r\gh\t !
 entire season1 & 9 ! spr+  foll[+ !y w 
be ready to plant 9 _! p]man5t place4   
,"h  !y are set deep1 9 a furr[ or tr5*1
 say six to t5 in*es1 s  t ! "y cr[n ( !
 plant is cov]$ two or ?ree in*es deep  
) loose e>? or good f9e compo/4 ,z !    
plants gr[ ! tr5*  is gradually fill$4  
,if fill$ at fir/1 ! "y plants might n  
be  /rong en\gh to pu% _! way up4    ,y 
w see f ?is t ! asp>agus plot mu/ be    
deeply  sub-soil$1 = if y d n h ! l&    
prop]ly prep>$ at !  fir/1 y w nev] h   
good results4 ,besides1 unless ! soil is
  ri* 9 humus1 asp>agus _c ?rive at all1
 = x requires a moi/  soil at ! roots   
all ! season4    ,:5 y h plant$ y\r     
ye>l+ se$l+s y mu/ give !m  ano!r ye>   

be=e y d any cutt+4 ,a few /ray %oots   
may be  pick$ (f1 b x is advisable to   
wait until ! plants are 9 _!  ?ird ye>  
be=e cutt+4 ,to cut e>li] may p]man5tly 
injure y\r  crop4 ,x is also possible to
 injure x by cont9u+ x too late ea*     
season1 al?\gh e /alk %\ld be remov$ ev5
 if x be too poor  = use4 ,! crop %\ld  
be cut clean1 & all cutt+ %\ld be ov]   
be=e ,july #d?1 9 ! middle ,atlantic    
,/ates4 ,aft] t ! tops d  ! gr[+ & ! m  
!y fl\ri% ! bett] y\r asp>agus w  yield 
next ye>1 = x is f ! foliage :i* spr+s  
up t !  roots & cr[n secure en]gy = !   
next season's "w4    ,! tops %\ld be m[$
 late 9 ! fall1 & g5]ally speak+ x  is  
bett] to burn !m ?an to all[ !m to rot  
on ! b$ z "s  gr[]s d1 because :5 !     
asp>agus b]ries are pl5tiful y are  apt 
to h tr\ble next season ) se$l+s2 & ev5 
:5 ?is is  n s1 x int]f]es ) ! fall     
tillage :i* is s necess>y4    ,j z ! "y 
plants 7 cov]$ ) e>? & manure ! fir/    
ye> & ?or\ghly till$ 9 ! spr+1 s mu/    
spr+ & fall  tillage be c>ri$ on e ye>4 

,! manure put on ! plants 9 !  fall1    
s]ves n only z a w9t] protection1 b if n
 too co>se1  may be cultivat$ "u 9 !    
spr+ & af=d t mu* m  f]tiliz] to fe$ !  
crop4 ,if x is too co>se = t1 rake x (f1
  cultivate ?or\ghly & !n cov] aga9 )   
litt] or manure1 to  af=d n\ri%m5t & to 
pres]ve ! moi/ure ( ! soil z well z  to 
protect ! "y %oots 9 case ( late fro/s4 
,! :ole value ( asp>agus lies 9 its     
t5d]ness & succul5ce1 &  ! l>ge %oots   
are mo/ apt to h ^! qualities4 ,! plant 
_c  gr[ l>ge %oots unless x has pl5ty ( 
food4 ,only ri* soil & good  tillage c  
supply ! food ne$$4    ,usually asp>agus
 is cut (f ?ree or f\r in*es bel[ !     
surface  ) a long %>p knife1 b "o not$  
asp>agus gr[] objects to ?is  practice =
 two reasons4 ,fir/1 x increases !      
temptation to cut too  l[ s z to get !  
/alks ( uni=m l5g? z ! m>ket requires1  
:e!r or n ( uni=m quality2 & second1 x  
t5ds to wa/e &  to ! injury ( ! plants4 
,he w\ld sub/itute = ?is practice1      
c>eful h&-pick+ or break+4 ,! ga!r]     

takes two r[s at a "t  & breaks (f !    
%oots j b5ea? ! gr\nd at ! l[e/ po9t    
:]e ! %oot w break ) a clean snap4      
,:5 set at ! prop] di/ance ( ?ree by f\r
 feet ap>t1 x  requires #cfcj plants to 
! acre1 & #a p\nd ( se$ %\ld furni%  t  
_m plants4 ,b se$l+s v>y s mu*1 t "s    
gr[]s  recomm5d s[+ f f\r to five p\nds 
( se$ to e acre1 s  t only ! be/ ne$ be 
kept4 ,a good yield is ab\t #djj doz5   
bun*es to ! acre4 ,asp>agus is always   
sold 9 bun*es1 ! /alks (  uni=m size &  
l5g?1 & ti$ ne> ! tops & butts ei!r )   
b>k or /r+2 ?\gh _m gr[]s are n[ us+    
rubb] b&s z be+  bett] = ! /alks & a    
sav+ ( "t = ! g>d5]4    ,asp>agus is    
usually sold gre5 9 ?is c\ntry1 al?\gh  
if  artificially blan*$ x is j z t5d]4  
,:5 asp>agus is gr[n =  blan*+ x %\ld be
 plant$ deep] ?an ord9>ily4 ,x is hill$ 
up ) a furr[ pl[ j z cel]y is hill$ up1 
& blan*es z x  gr[s4 ,blan*$ asp>agus is
 9 high] favor 9 ,europe ?an "h4        
,asp>agus is a native ( ,europe & ,asia1
 & has be5 cultivat$ =  m ?an two ?\s&  

ye>s4 ,x belongs to ! lily family &     
sev]al  ( its v ne> relations are       
cultivat$ 9 gre5h\ses = _!  graceful    
foliage4    ,! asp>agus beetle is ! wor/
 enemy & mu/ be /eadily f\ght4  ,9 "y   
b$s1 apply fre% air-slak$ lime z soon z 
! l>vae  appe>4 ,x %\ld be put on :ile !
 plants are /ill damp ) dew1  & only !  
greate/ ?or\ghness c accompli% any?+4   
,de/roy all  volunte] %oots4 ,z ! b$s   
are cut1 leave "s small trap-%oots  ^u  
:i* ! beetles w ga!r2 cut ^! twice a    
week & de/roy4  ,9 hot wea!r bru% !     
insects (f & !y w bake on ! soil 9  !   
sun4    ,x is s risky to use poisons on 
asp>agus t is to be eat51 t  ,p>is gre5 
may be us$ only 9 v r>e in/ances2 !n !  
mixture  consi/s ( "o p\nd ( ! poison to
 fifty p\nds ( air-slak$ lime4  ,two    
applications are made1 ab\t a week ap>t4
    ,"s g>d5]s turn a h5 ) *ick5s1 or a 
numb] ( "y *ick5s1  into ! asp>agus     
field z soon z ! crop is cut4 ,?is is "o
 ( !  be/ ways ( keep+ d[n ! beetles1 & 
! scrat*+ ( ! f[ls  cultivates ! crop4  

,?is w less5 y\r own "w & increase !    
value ( y\r *ick5s to y4    ,ru/ is !   
*ief disease1 & = ?is !re is no sov]eign
 rem$y4  ,e ef=t %\ld be made to secure 
only vigor\s plants1 & 9 v  dry wea!r   
irrigation %\ld be practic$1 if         
possible4 ,e>ly 9 !  autumn1 cut1       
c>efully ga!r toge!r & burn1 all affect$
 /alks1  & all asp>agus bru% :e!r g>d5  
or wild4 ,read ,massa*usetts  ,bullet9  
#fa2 ,i[a ,bullet9 #ec2 ,f>m]'s ,bullet9
 #fa1 p4 #cj4                           
,,rhub>b4    ,( all ! p]5nial g>d5      
plants rhub>b is ! easie/ to gr[1 &  !  
mo/ inexp]i5c$ may be sure ( success4 ,x
 is v h>dy & !  roots rema9 9 ! g>d5 all
 w9t]1 ev5 9 climates :]e ! fro/  is    
heavy & ! cold q sev]e4 ,b 9 spite ( its
 h>d9ess &  will+ness to fl\ri% "u      
ord9>y conditions1 rhub>b responds      
quickly to good c>e & gives su*         
enorm\sly increas$ returns t  x pays to 
att5d to x4    ,rhub>b likes a deep1 ri*
 soil1 ?or\ghly cultivat$ & f]tiliz$    
be=e ! plants are set out4 ,x is usually

 m satisfactory to  propagate by roots  
?an by se$1 al?\gh "s gr[]s pref] to    
raise  _! plants f se$4 ,l asp>agus1    
rhub>b w la/ tw5ty ye>s1  if giv5 a good
 />t & if ! roots are occasionally      
sep>at$4 ,all  ?is "t x w yield l>ge1   
t5d]1 juicy /alks if ! soil be 9  good  
condition1 & if a little tillage is giv5
 to ! plant 9 fall  & spr+4    ,set out 
! plants 9 r[s :]e ! soil has be5       
f]tiliz$1 is deep  & 9 good til?4 ,! be/
 /ra9s ( rhub>b w n produce good  /alks 
if ! l& be h>d or ! subsoil high & h>d4 
,! r[s  %\ld be f\r feet ap>t to all[ ( 
horse tillage4 ,! plants may be  f ?ree 
to f\r feet ap>t 9 ! r[4 ,dur+ ! gr[+   
season  !y require ! same sort ( surface
 tillage t y w\ld give to  corn or      
potatoes4 ,if y are mak+ ! mo/ ( y\r    
rhub>b b$1 y  w give x q a heavy coat ( 
manure 9 ! fall1 to act z mul*  to keep 
! soil f freez+ too deep1 & also to     
pres]ve its  texture4 ,dur+ ! /orms (   
w9t]1 ! manure lea*es away some:at  &   
f]tilizes ! roots1 s t !y are prep>$ to 

make an e>ly  gr[? 9 ! spr+4    ,!      
season = sell+ is %ort1 z e>ly 9 ! summ]
 ! dem& =  rhub>b gives place to        
/rawb]ries & o!r small fruits4 ,x is !  
gr[] :o has x e>ly 9 ! m>ket :o reaps   
pr(it f rhub>b4    ,by means ( ! ,new   
,rhub>b ,culture1 rhub>b may n[ be =c$ =
  m>ket out ( season1 & !n x br+s ! be/ 
prices ( all4  ,roots are left 9 ! g>d5 
until !y h be5 froz5 & are !n           
transplant$ to specially prep>$ b$s &   
=c$ = ! ,*ri/mas  trade4 ,^! b$s may be 
9 ! op5 field if "o has a sy/em (  heat+
 by /eam =c$ ?r\gh tr5*es1 or !y may be 
9 specially  con/ruct$ =c+ h\ses2 or1   
simple/ ( all1 !y may be 9 !  h\se      
cell>1 ev5 ?\gh ! floor be ( concrete4  
,rhub>b requires b little moi/ure & :5 x
 is be+ =c$1 x  ne$ n g deep to f9d its 
food1 if ! soil x has is ri* en\gh4     
,?ree in*es ( e>? w give x all ! hold x 
ne$s1 & if !  light is completely       
exclud$1 ! gr[? w all g to /alk4    ,if 
y h a cell> b$1 scre5 x (f f ! re/ ( !  
cell> s  t no light c rea* x2 a small   

k]os5e-oil lamp ) a *imney  t has be5   
?or\ghly smoke-black5$1 w give all !    
heat  necess>y to />t gr[?4 ,! /alks    
beg9 to %oot up look+ =  light & w d    
almo/ no?+ 9 ! way ( leaf-gr[? because  
( its lack4 ,9 ?is way ! :ole en]gy ( ! 
plant is div]t$  into pr(it-mak+        
/alks4#i ,! roots t h be5 =c$ = !       
,*ri/mas m>ket _c be us$ aga9 ! foll[+  
season4 ,!y ne$ a  season's re/4 7,read 
,j4 ,e4 ,morse's 8,new ,rhub>b          
,culture407    ,b ?is abs5ce ( leaf1 :i*
 is s desirable 9 =c$ rhub>b1  w\ld be  
injuri\s to ! g>d5 rhub>b4 ,9 out-(-door
 gr[?1 !  vigor & fruitfulness ( !      
plants 9 any gr[+ season1 are l>gely    
det]m9$ by ! spread ( leaves 9 ! prec$+ 
season4 ,= ?is  reason1 aft] ! cutt+    
season is ov]1 ! plants are enc\rag$  to
 develop leaves2 ! small] & weak] ones  
be+ cut (f t !  l>ge ones may gr[ /ill  
l>g]1 b all se$ /alks %\ld be cut1 s  z 
to pres]ve ! vigor = next season's gr[? 
( /alks4    ,:5 ready = m>ket1 rhub>b is
 ti$ 9 bun*es ( two to five /alks  & an 

acre w produce ab\t #cjjj doz5 bun*es4  
,t is a pretty  good return :5 x        
requires only ab\t a p\nd ( se$ to s[ an
 acre  9 ! fir/ place4    ,rhub>b is    
native to ea/]n ,asia & has no s]i\s    
insect enemies or  diseases4            
,,docks ,,& ,,sorrels4    ,^? :o are    
fond ( v e>ly gre5s w be glad to "k ( ! 
g>d5 v>ieties ( docks & sorrels :i* come
 e>li] ?an any o!r  pot-h]bs4 ,!y 7     
orig9ally import$ f ,france :]e !y are 9
  g5]al use4    ,! be/ v>ieties are !   
,sp9age ,dock & ! ,l>ge ,belleville1    
really a sorrel4 ,! ,sp9age ,dock is a  
week or t5 days e>li] ?an  !            
,belleville1 has l>g]1 crisp]1 gre5]    
leaves & a less acid  ta/e4 ,cornell    
,bullet9 #fa says3 8,all ^! docks are   
h>dy p]5nials1  & are v acceptable      
plants to ^? :o are fond ( e>ly gre5s4  
,"s1 at lea/1 ( ! cultivat$ docks1 c be 
procur$ ( ,am]ican  se$sm540            
,,arti*oke4    ,! ,j]usalem arti*oke1 ! 
v>iety be/ kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry1 &  ! ,fr5*
 ,globe or true arti*oke1 h little 9    

common1 yet bo?  are us$ = food4 ,!     
eatable "p ( ! true arti*oke is !       
fl[]-head1 :i* %\ld be cut be=e x has   
fully spread1 else x  w be woody4 ,x is 
a /rong-gr[+1 upright1 p]5nial1 rea*+  a
 height ( f\r or five feet1 ) l>ge      
leaves4 ,x is n always  satisfactory to 
plant f se$s1 z !y _c be gu>ante$ to    
reproduce truly4 ,b :5 se$ is s[n x may 
be :]e ! plants are  to /& or 9 hot-b$s4
    ,! advantage ( hot-b$ s[+ is t !    
plants may give heads !  fir/ ye>1 :ile 
^? plant$ 9 ! g>d5 require two seasons  
to  produce eatable heads4 ,! be/ means 
( propagation are ! suck]s  :i* gr[     
freely ab\t ! root cr[ns4 ,suck]s are   
plant$ :]e !  plants are to mature &    
give heads ! second ye>4    ,al?\gh !   
arti*oke is p]5nial1 x weak5s aft]      
yield+ two or  ?ree crops1 s t x is well
 to replant "p ( ! b$ ea* ye>1  ?us     
keep+ a succession ( vigor\s plants4 ,9 
cold climates !  heads are protect$ dur+
 ! w9t] ) a mul* ( /raw or litt]4  ,:5  
boil$ t5d] & s]v$ ) ,holl&aise sauce1   

made ( melt$  butt] & fl\r1 ! arti*oke  
is a delici\s vegetable1 b x is         
comp>atively little kn[n 9 ?is c\ntry4  
,! ,j]usalem arti*oke is gr[n = its     
tub]s1 :i* are und]gr\nd  z 9 potatoes1 
& x ne$s mu* ! same prep>ation & tillage
 z  potatoes4 ,x is usually f$ to /ock1 
especially pigs1 b ( late x  is com+ to 
be recogniz$ z a good food = man1 too4  
8,if y w  fe$ ! pig1 ! pig w fe$ y10 b  
we ne$ n g ?r\gh t  tr\blesome process2 
= a v>i$ vegetable diet alone is heal?y 
=  mo/ p]sons--& mu* *eap]4             
,arti*okes are really m n\ri%+ ?an      
potatoes1 & ! improv$  v>ieties may be  
us$ 9 place ( potatoes4 ,! plant is     
p]fectly  h>dy1 be+ native to ! ,nor!rn 
,/ates & ,canada1 & w  take c>e ( itself
 :5 once />t$1 al?\gh x is bett] =  hav+
 its roots divid$1 by digg+ !m up4 ,x w 
run wild1 if  :olly neglect$1 & become a
 tr\blesome we$1 propagat+ itself       
indef9itely by means ( its /raggl+1     
f>-rea*+1 tub]-be>+  roots4 ,! only way 
to cure ?is damage is by ?or\gh tillage1

 !  fir/ ( :i* consi/s ( fall pl[+ & !  
turn+ ( pigs into  ! pat* to root up !  
tub]s4    ,! arti*oke is m prolific ?an 
! potato1 & w yield all  ! way f #bej   
bu%els to #ajjj bu%els p] acre ) only   
ord9>y  c>e4 ,= eat+1 ! be/ v>iety is ! 
,improv$ ,:ite ,fr5*4 ,!  ,j]usalem     
arti*oke is n likely soon to supplant   
any o!r g>d5  crop 9 ?is c\ntry1 b x    
might well become a regul> g>d5 crop1  z
 x w gr[ on l& too poor = mo/ o!r       
plants1 requires little  c>e1 yields    
heavily1 & is good food = man & /ock4   
,,sea-,,kale4    ,sea-kale is "o ( !    
lea/ kn[n ( ! p]5nial g>d5  crops1      
al?\gh :]e x is kn[n x is well lik$4 ,x 
is a l[1  fle%y-/emm$ plant ^: %oots &  
"y leaves are blan*$ &  eat5 z asp>agus 
is4 ,! plants may be gr[n f se$2 9 :i*  
case  all b "o ma9 /em are to be cut (f 
z soon z !y appe>2 or x  may be gr[n by 
division ( roots4 ,9 ei!r case1 x is    
well n to  cut f ! plant until ! second 
season4 ,! %oots are blan*$  ei!r by    
cov]+ ! cr[ns ) f9e1 loose soil = a foot

 or ev5  m1 9 ! e>ly spr+1 or by cov]+ !
 cr[ns ) a box &  all[+ ! %oots to gr[  
up 9 ! d>k4    ,aft] ! "y %oots h be5   
pick$ (f1 ! plants are all[$ to  gr[ z  
!y w2 =1 l asp>agus & rhub>b1 ! vigor1  
size  & yield ( ! next season dep5d ^u  
?is season's gr[? ( leaf  & root4 ,x    
fl\ri%es be/ 9 deep1 ri* & r moi/ soil4 
,!  plants %\ld n be less ?an ?ree feet 
ap>t ea* way1 & !y are  mu* b5efit$ by  
an autumn dress+ ( light manure or /raw4
      ,,footnotes3    #i ,,note4--,y c  
get long /alks 9 ! g>d5 by putt+ a small
  cask1 or half-b>rel1 ) ! ends knock$  
out1 ov] ! plant4 ,!  /alks w gr[ to !  
top & blan* "s :ile gr[+4               
,,*apt] ,,xxv4                          
,,specialties4      ,x is well to gr[ a 
v>iety ( crops = y\r own exp]i5ce & y\r 
own table4 ,b = pr(it1 x is be/ to      
specialize1 because if y  read up all y 
%\ld "k ab\t sev]al crops1 y w h no "t  
to raise !m4    ,specialization is !    
rule n[ 9 all l9es ( bus9ess1 & z !     
f>m] gets to be m & m a bus9ess man1 he 

w adopt bus9ess  me?ods1 & pu% ahead4 ,!
 big f>m1 p>tially cultivat$1 &  cov]$ )
 a great v>iety ( crops :i* require z _m
 v>ieties  ( cultivation to give good   
results1 is a ?+ ( ! pa/1 except  :]e "s
 individual f>m] is too /upid to read ! 
h&writ+ on  ! wall4 ,x nev] paid z x    
ought1 & x entail$ trem5d\s labor4  ,n[ 
big areas are only cultivat$ :]e lots ( 
help is employ$1 &  div]sity ( crops c  
only be successfully practic$ "u ! same 
conditions4    ,today ! cu/om (         
cultivat+ small areas is increas+1 & :]e
  x is done = pr(it1 ! gr[] m & m t5ds  
to specialize4  ,secret>y ,crit*field1 (
 ! ,p5nsylvania ,/ate ,dep>tm5t (       
,agriculture1 said "s ye>s ago t 8!     
greate/ am\nt ( money 9  f>m+ 0 to be   
made 9 specialties10 & t ! c\ntry boy 9 
des]t+ ! f>m 0 8runn+ away f            
opportunity40 ,?is has s9ce  be5 prov$  
true1 & today x is possible = ei!r girl 
or boy to  make a good liv+ f ev5 a     
small piece ( l&1 if %e or he w  only   
give intellig5t att5tion to ! matt]4    

,x requires labor1 to succe$ 9 f>m+1 b s
 does any o!r  call+1 if "o wi%es to    
ma/] x1 & !re is no call+ t  assures s  
mu* indep5d5ce4 ,p mu/ eat1 & ! food mu/
 be  gr[n = !m1 :e!r ! times be h>d or  
easy2 & ev5 %\ld  times be s h>d t y c't
 sell y\r product freely1 y c eat  x    
freely1 & y c n be sure ( food & room if
 y are 9 a  %op or 9 an (fice4 ,!       
,am]ican f>m] & g>d5] are ! ne>e/  to   
free work]s 9 ! _w4    ,! mo/ unlikely  
?+s may br+ pr(its :5 gr[n z            
specialties4  ,"o man :o has a f>m 9    
,lewisburg1 ,pa41 is mak+ a good liv+ f 
rais+ *e/nuts4 ,8 pr(its on _! sales    
av]age sev]al ?\s&  doll>s a ye>4 ,he   
made a /udy ( *e/nut gr[+1 until he kn[s
 a  lot ab\t x1 & has graft$ "y trees ) 
,japanese & ,p>agon  *e/nuts1 ?us       
increas+ ! quantity & improv+ ! quality 
(  8 crop4 ,he has done s well at ?is1 t
 ! ,p5nsylvania ,/ate  ,agricultural    
,dep>tm5t has issu$ a bullet9 sett+ =? 9
 detail  ,mr4 ,sob]'s me?od ( *e/nut    
culture4 ,if y are int]e/$ y c  get !   

bullet9 by writ+ to ,h>risburg1 ,pa41 = 
x4    ,mu%rooms (f] a pretty good       
opportunity to make money1 if c>eful    
att5tion is giv5 to detail1 b !y are    
/ill mighty unc]ta9  wild ?+s4 ,x is    
impossible to give ! details (          
cultivation (  specialties )9 ! limits (
 a book1 b if y apply to !  ,dep>tm5t ( 
,agriculture y c get mu* in=mation4     
,! ,dep>tm5t publi%es ?ree bullet9s :i* 
cov] !  subject3--,cultivation (        
,mu%rooms1 ,no4 #bjd2 ,food ,use (      
,mu%rooms1  ,no4 #bgi2 & ,gr[+ ,mu%rooms
 = ,home ,use1 ,no4 a#bcc4 ,"s mu%room  
f>m]s ne> ,wawa1 ,delaw>e1 accord+ to a 
report 9 ! ,philadelphia  ,nor?         
,am]ican1 are cle>+ f #bjjj to #cjjj a  
ye> f f\r or  five acres4    ,asp>agus1 
cel]y & _m o!r g>d5 crops l5d !mselves  
readily  to special cultivation & yield 
a good pr(it4 ,s also d onions &  ev5   
potatoes4 ,"o man at lea/ claim$ to h   
produc$ z _m z  #cjjj bu%els ( potatoes 
f "o acre 9 "o ye>4 ,he publi%$ a       
pamphlet sett+ out 8 me?od1 b x is n[   

out ( pr9t4 ,s big  a yield entails too 
mu* labor = ! av]age gr[]1 b a ?ird (  t
 numb] ( bu%els w\ld yield a h&some     
income4 ,b1 ord9>ily1  x does n pay to  
raise potatoes 9 a small g>d54    ,mr4  
,c4 ,e4 ,=d1 :o liv$ 9 ,*]okee ,c\nty1  
nor!a/]n ,texas1  tells ( rais+ two su* 
incr$ible crops ( potatoes annually f  8
 l&1 & 8 me?od seems simple z set out by
 ,f9ney ,sprague (  ,*icago 9 a small   
book :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #aije4    ,mr4 ,=d 
_h a s&y soil ) a clay subsoil ?ree feet
 bel[ !  surface1 :i* he says he ridg$  
up into dykes2 !n he us$ imm5se         
quantities ( cotton-se$ = f]tiliz] z    
well z liquid manure4  ,"o ( ! important
 features 0 8 ri* f]tiliz+1 & ?\gh x    
s\nds exp5sive :5 comp>$ ) ! ord9>y     
quantities ( manure  us$1 x is really   
*eap if any?+ l su* results c be _h4    
,comm]cial f]tiliz]s suit$ to potato    
gr[+ may be us$ 9 place (  cotton-se$1 &
 ! gr[] claims t ! me?od may be foll[$ f
  ,canada to ,texas successfully1 secur+
 at lea/ two crops ( potatoes a  season4

    ,accord+ to 8 me?od1 ! se$ us$ mu/  
be ( uni=m size1 runn+  ab\t #hj        
potatoes to ! bu%el1 & av]ag+ ab\t  ( a 
p\nd  ea* 9 weight1 smoo? & bright4     
,half ( su* a potato is us$ to  ea*     
hill1 or if ! potatoes weigh only six   
ounces1 a :ole potato is  all[$ = ea*   
hill4 ,= int5sive cultivation ! potato  
mu/ be  spr\t$ be=e plant+ & = ?is      
purpose y ne$ a 8spr\t+  room40 ,any    
room1 say #aj  #ab  #g feet1 if w>m1    
dry1 d\ble-wall$ &  light$ w s]ve !     
purpose2 or y c con/ruct su* a h\se )   
sawdu/ fill+ betwe5 ! d\ble walls &     
d\ble ceil+1 hav+ two  w9d[s1 & a ro(   
ov] all3 an old ice h\se w\ld d4    ,lay
 two r[s ( two by f\r in* scantl+ on !  
dry e>? floor1  ne> ! sides & across !  
end ( ! room opposite ! door1 &  place  
on !m a d\ble r[ ( b>rels1 ea* fill$    
ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s  full ( potatoes1 or   
ab\t ?ree bu%els to ea* b>rel4 ,:5 ^!  h
 be5 fill$ ?is way1 lay scantl+ across !
 b>rels s z to  accommodate o!r ti]s (  
b>rels1 until y h ab\t #ej b>rels 9  !  

room4 ,no e>? or wat] mu/ be us$ 9 !    
b>rels2 j ! pla9  potatoes4 ,9 ! c5tre (
 ! room place y\r heat+ app>atus1 :i*   
may be a small 8bake ov50 9 :i* "o b>rel
 ( *>coal w supply  all ! necess>y heat 
dur+ ! f\r to six weeks ( spr\t+2 or a  
small /ove burn+ coal or wood s t a l[  
fire may be kept  day & night to ma9ta9 
a temp]ature ( #hj to #ij ,fahr41 or1   
ev5 a  small oil-/ove may be us$4       
,illu/ration3 ,a ,,%elt]$ ,,suburban    
,,g>d5 ,,pat*4    ,"h ! potatoes w spr\t
 & s5d out rootlets hav+ ?\s&s  ( small 
tub]s ^u !m1 f ! size ( a bird's eye to 
t ( a  m>ble4 ,if y />t ?is spr\t+ f\r  
to six weeks e>li] ?an !  ord9>y "t (   
plant+1 y w get y\r crop j t mu* ahead  
( ! regul> season4    ,only ! be/ ( se$ 
potatoes are us$1 & ,e>ly ,rose is !    
favorite  v>iety1 b ,mr4 ,=d says1 8t   
sort is be/ :i* is kn[n to gr[  be/ 9 ! 
section ( ! c\ntry :]e y live40 ,9 !    
ord9>y  culture ( potatoes1 x requires  
ab\t #cj bu%els ( se$ to ! acre1  & #cjj
 is a l>ge yield4 ,by ,mr4 ,=d's me?od1 

x takes #adj to #aej  bu%els to ! acre1 
& ! returns are claim$ to be #cjjj 7?ree
  ?\s&7 & m bu%els4 ,t is1 us+ f\r or   
five times z mu*  se$1 y get #aj or m   
times z l>ge a yield4    ,if y int5d to 
exp]im5t on ?is way ( plant+ an acre1   
let x be  z ne>ly squ>e z possible1 :i* 
w give y ab\t #gj r[s1 ea*  ab\t #bji   
feet long4 ,ideal potato l& is s light t
 ! soil (f]s  little resi/ance to ! gr[+
 ( ! tub]2 s ?or\ghly till$  & fill$ )  
humus z to be q moi/ )\t be+ wet1 & s   
ri*ly f]tiliz$ z to conta9 a v l>ge     
quantity ( plant food4    ,/>t+ on !    
left side ( y\r acre1 ) a n>r[ pl[1 turn
 a  furr[ to ! left ! :ole away across2 
!n turn & g back1  turn+ a furr[ to !   
left z y g1 f> en\gh f ! fir/ to  leave 
a ridge ab\t f\r to six in*es across    
betwe5 !m2 !n g  r\nd ! :ole ?+ once m1 
incl9+ ! pl[ to ! left all  ! way1 &    
guid+ x s z to leave ! ridge4 ,?is w use
 up !  ?ree feet all[$ to ea* r[4       
,cont9ue across ! field aft] !  same    
fa%ion1 see+ t ea* r[ is ?ree feet f ea*

 o!r r[1  & t ! unpl[$ ridges or        
8balks10 z !y are call$1 are also  ?ree 
feet ap>t4    ,m>k ! places = ! hills on
 ! top ( ^? ridges1 plac+ ea*  hill #ah 
in*es f ea* o!r hill4 ,! pl[$ e>? betwe5
 !  ridges is :at is turn$ back to cov] 
se$1 to make ! hills & to  cultivate )  
aft]w>ds1 :ile ! wide ridge af=ds a good
 surface  = deposit+ ! se$ & = !        
expansion & gr[? ( ! tub]s4    ,two or  
?ree days be=e y int5d to plant1 h>d5 (f
 y\r potato  spr\ts by putt+ out ! fire 
& op5+ door & w9d[s until  ! temp]ature 
is z ne>ly z possible t ( ! outside4    
,!n1  all be+ ready1 h ! b>rels c>ri$ to
 ! potato field1 on a  h&-b>r[ by two   
m51 n :eel$ on a :eel-b>r[4 ,knock (f ! 
hoops & /aves1 s t ! spr\t$ "m potatoes 
may be freely  b c>efully h&l$4         
,sep>ate ! "m potatoes ) a wood5 paddle1
 z x w d less  injury ?an an iron "o4 ,!
 loss ne$ n be m ?an #aj4 ,lift out  "o 
"m potato1 be+ c>eful n to break !      
spr\ts or rootlets4  ,if ! potato be a  
#ab-ounce "o1 cut x 9 halves l5g?wise1 n

  crosswise1 s t ea* portion %all h z _m
 z #ae little tub]s  on x1 s f> z y c   
e/imate quickly by c\nt+ ) ! eye4 ,lay  
ea* portion :]e ! hill is to be1 on     
opposite sides ( ! ridge1  ) ! roots    
spread d[n ! sides ( ! ridge1 ?us mak+ a
 d\ble  hill1 plant$ ) any:]e f #dj to  
#fj little tub]s1 ready to  resume gr[? 
at once4    ,nev] plant less ?an #ae    
tub]s to ea* hill1 & if ! half "m  has  
less ?an t numb]1 add a portion ( ano!r 
"m until y  h t _m4 ,only 9 ?is way c y 
e/imate h[ _m bu%els y  w h4 ,if ea*    
half has m ?an #ae tub]s plant !m all4  
,if y  use #f-ounce potatoes = se$1     
plant ! :ole "m 9 ea* hill4  ,cov] ! se$
 ) two furr[s ( ! turn+ pl[4    ,if !   
gr\nd has be5 prop]ly prep>$1 cultivat$ 
& irrigat$  dur+ dr\ght1 practically e  
"o ( ^! tub]s w gr[ to a  uni=m-siz$    
potato1 & #ge to #hj ( !m w make a      
bu%el4 ,?us  #gj r[s ) #adj d\ble hills 
to ea* r[1 e hill conta9+ #be  matur$   
potatoes w1 he says1 give #bde1jjj      
potatoes1 :i* at #hj to  ! bu%el means  

#cjfj bu%els2 if #cj potatoes to ea*    
hill1 !re w  be #bid1jjj or #cfge       
bu%els4    ,if a second crop is desir$1 
h ! "m potatoes ready :5 !  fir/ crop   
has be5 m>ket$ & ! gr\nd once m ?or\ghly
  f]tiliz$4 ,( c\rse1 :e!r x is fir/ or 
second crop1 ! be/  tillage is none too 
good4 ,any?+ t /ops ! gr[? ( ! tub]  at 
any /age1 is fatal to y\r hopes ( a     
uni=m-siz$ crop1 s be  sure t !re is no 
dang] f dr\ght4    ,9 ! case ( ! second 
crop1 d n all[ ! potatoes to rema9 9  ! 
gr\nd until t\*$ by fro/4 ,?is means    
pretty close wat*+1 z  ! rip5+ ( !      
potato is l>gely a matt] ( ! la/ ?ree   
weeks  ( gr[?1 s !y mu/ n be dug too    
e>ly1 any m ?an too late4    ,al?\gh ?is
 me?od w give f> l>g] results ?an any   
o!r yet  report$1 x may n be            
practicable1 nor may x give su* ph5om5al
  crops always2 /ill1 x is n ! only case
 ( enorm\s crops4 ,z f>  back z #ahbh   
crops f #ijj to #acdj bu%els p] acre _h 
be5 gr[n 9  ,engl&1 & 9 #ahhd ! ,editor 
( ! ,rural ,new ,york] report$ a  yield 

( #acia bu%els f an acre on ! pap]'s    
exp]im5tal f>m4  ,9 ! light ( su*       
figures1 ! av]age ( #ajj bu%els looks   
too mean  to be consid]$4 ,:y n gr[ m8  
,potatoes cease to gr[ :5 !y become dry1
 s ! gr[] mu/ see  t ! l& is irrigat$1 &
 liquid manure is ! be/ mat]ial1  al?\gh
 pla9 wat] w d1 if ! soil is ri*ly      
f]tiliz$4 ,_m  gr[]s n[ plant on flat l&
 & hill up only to c\nt]act too mu*     
moi/ure4    ,!n !re are pr(its 9 small  
fruits if int5sively cultivat$4         
,/rawb]ries w always f9d a m>ket if !y  
are l>ge1 ripe1 sweet  & clean4 ,anybody
 c gr[ small1 s\r ones1 & !y w sell1 b  
!re is no pr(it 9 ! price4 ,! m>ket is  
nev] s glutt$ t  f9e1 l>ge fruit w n br+
 a fancy price4 ,be sure 9 pick+1 to  h 
?ree baskets on a bo>d1 & h ! pick]     
assort ! b]ries  z pick$4 ,usually1 ?is 
w ab\t d\ble ! price t y c get4  ,a good
 yield is #fjjj qu>ts p] acre1 b !y h   
be5 kn[n to yield  all ! way f #ba1jjj  
to #ce1jjj qu>ts p] acre4 7,see 8,a     
,little ,l&  & a ,liv+10 pp4 #ada-adc47 

,! good price is = ! g>d5 product t is  
bett] ?an its k9d1  & specializ+ on "o  
?+ helps to make y gr[ ! be/ ( t  ?+4 ,y
 naturally try to f9d out all y c ab\t  
x1 & if !re  is an improv$ me?od1 or    
somebody has gr[n a l>g] crop ?an y1  y 
are go+ to "k h[ he did x4 ,gr[ y\r     
family vegetables on a  portion ( y\r   
plot1 b if !re is room at all1 save !   
re/ =  "s specialty4    ,if y _c gr[    
crops at all1 p]haps y c specialize on  
rais+  animals4 ,y h a consid]able      
v>iety to *oose f1 because1 z ,i  h %[n 
9 8,a ,little ,l& & a ,liv+10 & also 9  
8,?ree ,acres  & ,lib]ty10 !re is a     
m>ket = ev]y?+1 f bees & p\ltry  to fi% 
& silv] foxes4 7,! foxes 7 sne]$ at1    
fir/ (f1 b  ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture  
has j publi%$ a bullet9 on bre$+        
foxes47                                 
,,*apt] ,,xxvi4                         
,,wat*+ ,,& ,,spray+4      ,n[ suppose y
 h prep>$ y\r soil prop]ly1 & plant$ y\r
 se$  c>efully2 t y\r transplant+ has   
be5 done1 & y\r crops are  gr[+2 d y ?9k

 y\r "w is done1 & y h only to wait =   
sun & ra9 to d ! re/8 ,if t is y\r idea1
 y are n cut out  = a f>m]4 ,get out ( !
 bus9ess z soon z y c4 ,!re are  no 8s(t
 snaps0 9 f>m+ or g>d5+1 on ei!r a l>ge 
or a small  scale4 ,b ! man 9 love ) 8  
job1 no matt] :at x is1 is n  look+ =   
s(t snaps1 nor does he f9d 8 "w h>d4    
,!re is a  rew>d 9 till+ ! soil & 9     
wat*+ 8! gre5 ?+s gr[+10  z ,riley has  
x1 t is n excell$ by ! rew>ds ( any o!r 
call+4    ,x is absolutely necess>y t y 
%\ld wat* y\r gr[+ crops1  = only 9 t   
way c y keep 9 t\* ) _! ne$s4 ,! p>5t   
:o neglects to wat* 8 *ildr5 & to look  
out = _! physical  ne$s1 g5]ally has    
doctors' bills & anxiety4 ,a little     
wat*fulness  w\ld h reveal$ ! fir/ /ages
 ( decay 9 ! tee?2 ! e>ly  signs (      
ad5oid gr[?s2 ! symptoms ( eye-/ra91 or 
! irritable  /ate ( ! dige/ive organs1 &
 ! tr\ble c\ld h be5 /ay$4  ,to be sure1
 ! ounce ( prev5tion co/s some?+1 b n   
ne>ly  s mu* z ! p\nd ( cure4 ,x is a "q
 ( bus9ess =esight1  z well z p>5tal    

affection1 to wat* ! *ild1 & ! crop1 &  
=e/all disease4    ,crops ne$ c>eful    
wat*+1 & to =e/all mo/ diseases !re is  
no?+ bett] ?an spray+4 ,once ^u a "t !  
man :o spray$ 8  crops 0 a r>ity1 & 8   
neighbors 7 n sure t he _h n  tak5 leave
 ( 8 s5ses1 b n[ ! man :o does n use !  
spray1  is ! notable exception--a       
monum5t ( fooli%ness4    ,if y take !   
pa9s to f9d out :at y\r soil w gr[1 y w 
"k :at insects & diseases are likely to 
attack y\r crops1 & y  c plan y\r       
campaign aga9/ !m ) intellig5ce4        
,beg9 at ! beg9n+1 :i* is 9 ! w9t]4     
,fir/ f9d out :at  spray+ mixtures are  
be/ = deal+ ) ! pe/s y are to meet4     
,?is c be done by writ+ ! ,dep>tm5t (   
,agriculture or by !  /udy ( books4 ,!n 
/udy agricultural pap]s & ,dep>tm5t     
bullet9s  z to ! be/ spray+ ma*9es or   
nozzles on ! m>ket1 & buy :at  y ne$4   
,:]e any d\bt ab\t ! quality ( se$      
exi/s1 x is (t5 a wise  precaution to   
spray x be=e plant+1 b y mu/ spray y\r  
gr[+  crop on ! v fir/ sign ( insects or

 diseases4 ,rememb] t bugs  d n l       
poison1 & w n g :]e x is2 !re=e1 y mu/  
take x to !m 9 good quantities4 ,p>tial 
spray+ is little bett]  ?an none4 ,d !  
job ?or\ghly1 :5 y />t 9 to d x at all4 
,see t ! :ole plant f root to top is    
?or\ghly saturat$--/em1  bran*es &      
leaves4 ,"o spot unt\*$ by ! spray makes
 a sure  refuge = ! bug4 ,don't         
sympa?ize ) 8 homeless condition at !   
exp5se ( y\r crop4    ,bordeaux mixture 
is a cure = almo/ e v>iety ( plant      
disease4  ,x consi/s ( sulphate ( copp] 
7blue vitriol7 & lime1 dilut$  ) wat]4  
,! pr9cipal use ( ! lime is to make !   
mixture /ick  to ! plant & to r5d] !    
copp] sulphate less cau/ic1 &  "o ?or\gh
 spray+1 if ra9 does n come = a day or  
two1 w  cl+ to ! plant = a c\ple (      
weeks4 ,?is mixture c be safely  us$ ev5
 be=e !re is any sign ( disease1 & x !n 
acts z  a prev5tive4 ,b :]e disease is  
sev]e1 apply x e few days1  because !   
new leaves & %oots (f] s _m bre$+ places
 = !  disease spores4    ,to make #ab   

gallons ( ,bordeaux1 use "o p\nd ( copp]
 sulphate &  "o p\nd /one lime4 ,be sure
 to use wood5 vessels1 z vitriol eats   
t92 an oil b>rel1 saw$ 9 halves1 makes  
good tubs = dissolv+  ! vitriol & slak+ 
! lime4 ,put "o to "o & a half gallons  
( wat] 9 ! tub & hang ! vitriol ov]     
night 9 a piece (  burlap1 :i* j t\*es !
 wat]4 ,slake ! lime 9 ! o!r tub  by    
add+ wat] z fa/ z ! lime takes x up1 &  
no fa/]4 ,:5  bo? are prop]ly dissolv$1 
fill ! spray b>rel ab\t "o-eigh?  full (
 wat] & add ! solution ( vitriol4 ,add  
en\gh wat] to !  lime b>rel to make #b  
or #d gallons & !n /ra9 ! slak$ lime    
into ! spray b>rel ?r\gh a wire         
fly-scre5 or two ?icknesses (  potato   
burlap4 ,fill ! b>rel ) wat] en\gh to   
make #ab gallons (  mixture1 & /ir      
?or\ghly = "s m9utes4 ,if y\r spray has 
an  8agitator0 atta*m5t1 y ne$ n tr\ble 
fur!r1 b if n1 y  mu/ /ir ! mixture     
?or\ghly e few m9utes :ile spray+4      
,bordeaux mixture %\ld be made fre% =   
ea* spray+1 b !  vitriol & lime may be  

prep>$ ahead 9 l>ge quantities1 if !y   
are n mix$1 & are kept cov]$ to prev5t  
evaporation4 ,?us =ty  p\nds ( vitriol  
may be dissolv$ 9 #dj gallons ( wat]1 & 
=ty  p\nds ( lime slak$ 9 #dj gallons ( 
wat]4 ,f\r gallons ( ea*  w make a basis
 = #ej gallons ( ,bordeaux mixture4     
,! only disadvantage to ,bordeaux       
mixture is t x discolors !  plant1 x be+
 a 8blue :itewa%02 & ^? :o object to !  
discoloration (t5 use ! ammoniacal      
c>bonate ( copp]1 r ?an  ! sulphate4 ,b 
?is is n s sure a rem$y1 nei!r does x   
/ick  s well4 ,x is made by dissolv+ an 
ounce ( c>bonate ( copp] 9 a  p9t ( wat]
 & add+ x to a qu>t ( ammonia4 ,if !    
ammonia is  /rong1 use only en\gh to    
?or\ghly dissolve ! copp]1 o!rwise  x w 
injure ! plants4 ,cork ! mixture tightly
 & :5 want$  = use1 add f #h to ab\t #bj
 gallons ( wat] to ea* ounce ( !  copp]4
 ,?is is us$ pr9cipally on fruit t is   
ne>ly gr[n1 or ^u  purely ornam5tal     
plants1 to avoid discoloration4         
,bordeaux _c cure int]nal diseases ( !  

plants4 ,^! may be  caus$ by insect     
bor]s at ! roots1 or by "s incurable    
bact]ial  tr\ble1 & 9 ?is case !re is   
no?+ y c d b root up  ! affect$ plants &
 de/roy !m1 & !n /udy out h[ y c  prev5t
 its happ5+ aga94    ,sprays = insects  
usually consi/ ( "s =m ( ars5ic or (    
k]os5e emulsion1 & occasionally :ale-oil
 soap is us$4 ,! mo/  common =m (       
ars5ical poison is ,p>is gre51 ( :i*    
ab\t #bjjj  tons are us$ annually 9 ?is 
c\ntry2 ?is is mix$ 9 ! proportion  (   
"o-half p\nd ( ,p>is gre5 to #ajj to    
#aej gallons ( wat] &  "o-half p\nd (   
fre% burnt lime4    ,h[ev]1 :]e !       
insects are v bad1 z potato bugs (t5    
are1 !  same am\nts ( ,p>is gre5 & lime 
may be mix$ ) only #ej gallons  ( wat]4 
,p>is gre5 is too cau/ic to apply /rong]
 ?an t1  except 9 v r>e1 specifi$ cases4
 ,! ,p>is gre5 %\ld be mix$  ) a little 
wat] till x is smoo?1 be=e x is add$ to 
! l>g]  quantity ( wat]4 ,sometimes x c 
be spr9kl$ on1 b ! only sure  results   
are secur$ by us+ a spray1 ei!r h& or   

p[]4    ,sometimes ,p>is gre5 is add$ to
 ! ,bordeaux mixture1 & ! crops  spray$ 
= insects & diseases at ! same "t4 ,:5  
?is is done1  y reg>d ! ,bordeaux z     
wat]1 & add ! ,p>is gre5 9 ! same       
proportion z y w\ld add x to wat]4 ,9   
?is case y ne$ n add  ! lime1 because ! 
lime 9 ! mixture is suffici5t4 ,london  
purple  is sometimes us$ 9 place ( ,p>is
 gre5 = ! same purposes1 & 9  exactly ! 
same proportion & ways1 b x is n s easy 
to "k  h[ /rong x is z ) ,p>is gre51 & x
 is be+ us$ less &  less ea* ye>4       
,ano!r prep>ation is ars5ite ( soda1 :i*
 is made ( :ite  ars5ic1 two p\nds2     
c>bonate ( soda 7wa%+ soda7 eight p\nds2
  wat] two gallons4 ,^! mu/ be boil$ 9  
an iron kettle1 :i* %\ld  n be us$ = any
 o!r purpose1 = ab\t fifte5 m9utes1 or  
until  ! ars5ic dissolves4 ,"s wat] w   
evaporate dur+ boil+1 s1  be=e bottl+1  
add en\gh to make ! full two gallons4   
,?is w  keep a long "t if tightly cork$4
 ,to make a spray+ solution add  "o-half
 p9t to #be gallons ( wat]4 ,! quantity 

giv5 is1 !re=e1  en\gh to make #h b>rels
 ( #ej gallons ea*4 ,unless mix$ )      
,bordeaux1 add two p\nds ( slak$ /one   
lime to ea* b>rel4 ,be sure  to m>k y\r 
bottle ( solution pla9ly1 8,,poison40   
,ars5ate ( lead cl+s to foliage bett]   
?an any o!r ars5ical  poison1 & s9ce x  
does n burn foliage x c be us$ alone1 9 
!  proportion ( f "o to five p\nds to   
#ej gallons ( wat]4 ,x 0  fir/ us$ 9    
#ahib aga9/ ! gypsy-mo? & is annually   
gr[+ 9  favor4    ,all insects :i* fe$  
on ! outside ( plants are divid$ into   
two  classes--! *ew+ or bit+ insects l  
beetles & l>vae 7worms71  & ! suck+     
insects1 :i* include ! v>i\s scales1    
plant lice1  & squa% bug4 ,! *ew+ & bit+
 k9ds are kill$ ) ! ,p>is  gre5         
solution1 b ! suck+ sort ne$ k]os5e &   
prep>ations  :i* kill by contact4       
,!re are _m ways ( mak+ ! /&>d k]os5e & 
soap emulsion1  b ,bailey recomm5ds !   
foll[+ me?od z ! be/3--,put "o-half     
p\nd ( h>d soap into a gallon ( boil+   
s(t wat]2 z soon z  ! soap is dissolv$1 

add two gallons ( k]os5e or coal-oil4   
,?is  mixture %\ld be ( a milk-l        
consi/5cy1 :i* c only be secur$  by     
runn+ x ?r\gh a pump vigor\sly = fifte5 
m9utes or m4  ,= use on plants or trees1
 x is dilut$ ) t5 to fifte5 times  its  
bulk ( wat]4 ,x c be us$ /rong] ?an t on
 trees 9 !  w9t]4 ,x is sure dea? to    
scales & plant lice if appli$ e>ly      
en\gh2 ?is is ano!r pro( ( ! value (    
wat*+ y\r gr[+  crops4    ,)9 a few     
ye>s1 pumps h be5 inv5t$ :i* w p]fectly 
bl5d  wat] & k]os5e )\t ! addition (    
soap1 & ?is is by f>  ! bett] rem$y4    
,)\t soap1 ! proportion ( k]os5e c be   
increas$ to ev5 "o-f\r? ! quantity (    
wat]1 )\t injury to  ! plants1 if !     
application is made :ile ! sun is %9+4  
,?is  emulsion is fatal ev5 to ! dread$ 
,san ,jos scale4 ,z exp]im5ts  are      
con/antly go+ on along ?is l9e1 !       
up-to-date f>m] or  g>d5] w keep 9 t\* )
 ! late/ discov]ies4    ,:ale-oil soap1 
"o p\nd ( soap to f\r or five gallons ( 
wat]1  us$ to be a popul> rem$y1 b x is 

rapidly giv+ place to k]os5e  emulsions1
 :i* are m easily prep>$ & less (f5sive4
 ,tobacco  du/ w drive away cucumb] &   
melon beetles1 if lib]ally appli$1  & w 
less5 ! ravages ( ! flea-beetle4 ,b     
,bordeaux mixture  well appli$ w d !    
same4    ,= treat+ cabbages or o!r crops
 late 9 ! season1 :ite  hellebore is (t5
 sub/itut$ = ,p>is gre51 :i* is a deadly
  poison4 ,x may be appli$ dry1 alone or
 mix$ ) half z mu* fl\r2  or 9 solution1
 "o ounce to ?ree gallons ( wat]4       
,spray+ enorm\sly increases ! yield (   
any crop1 & inde$  sometimes makes all !
 diff]5ce betwe5 good crops & no crops4 
,s long z insects & diseases exi/1 any  
pat* 9 any "p ( !  c\ntry is liable to  
attack4 ,because y h escap$ s f> is n   
to say t y always w escape1 s be ready =
 em]g5cies4  ,timel9ess & ?or\ghness are
 two ess5tials1 & ^! c only  be secur$  
by comb9+ wat*+ ) spray+4 ,x pays4 ,six 
ye>s (  potato spray+ at ,g5eva1 ,n4    
,y41 increas$ ! yield #abb bu%els to  ! 
acre :5 spray$ five times dur+ ! season4

 ,:]e only ?ree  spray+s 7 giv51 !      
increase 0 #ic4f bu%els p] acre4    ,y  
may be disc\rag$ by ^! inf9ite details (
 c>e &  managem5t3 b if y h n ! "t or ! 
incl9ation to att5d  to !m1 t is n a    
reason = neglect+ ! /udy ( ,int5sive    
,f>m+4    ,x is a reason = n und]tak+ a 
great] v>iety ( crops ?an y  c ma/]2 a  
succession ( well-*os5 plants w fill all
 ! "t  y *oose to give4 ,i am %[+ h[ !  
be/ results c be obta9$1  b ! mo/ ord9>y
 f>m] w f9d 8 returns va/ly increas$ by 
apply+ z mu* ( ^! me?ods z he c manage4 
,= in/ance1 at ! ,s\?1 ! un$ucat$ negro 
f9ds t 8 cotton  crop is (t5 increas$1 f
 half a bale p] acre to two bales on ea*
  acre1 by m]ely putt+ 9 a clov] crop   
be=e ! cotton4    ,apply :at y c le>n1 z
 f> z y c3 ! p[] to le>n m  & to use x w
 come by use4                           
,,*apt] ,,xxvii4                        
,,f]tiliz]s4      ,a f]tiliz] is some?+ 
add$ to ! soil 9 ord] to increase  !    
crop yield4 ,*emical f]tiliz]s are v    
valuable :5 v  intellig5tly us$--b look 

out = !m4 ,p seem to h a great  love =  
all sorts ( complicat$ ways ( do+ ?+s t 
nature  w d naturally1 & any "o :o      
proposes unnatural processes l          
vacc9ation1 or l m$ic9+ ! soil1 %\ld be 
requir$ to make a  v /rong case = x4    
,besides1 y rememb] ! /ory ab\t ! d>key 
:o has be5 play+  pok]4 ,he said3 8,tell
 y1 boys1 ,i dun los' a heap o' money   
las' night40    8,h[ mu*1 ,mose80    8,a
 hunn]d & eight-seb5 dollahs an' fohte5 
c5ts40    8,golly6 dat wuz a heap o'    
money40    8,yas1 siree1 & de wu/ ob x  
wuz1 de fohte5 c5ts wuz ca%40    ,s x is
 ) ! b\ght5 f]tiliz]s4 ,soon] or lat] !y
 h to be  paid = 9 ca%4 ,! outgo is     
c]ta91 b ! income n s c]ta94  ,!re=e1 be
 sure y "k j :at y are do+1 & :y1 be=e  
y buy4 ,( c\rse !re are times :5        
comm]cial f]tiliz]s are  absolutely     
necess>y if only to />t ! gr[?1 b we    
%\ld be sure  :at we are gett+4    ,:5  
we try to f9d out some?+ ab\t f]tiliz]s1
 we get su*  te*nical & complicat$      
explanations ab\t phosphates & nitrates 

& o!r 8ates10 t ! ord9>y amateur or     
beg9n] j takes "s  "o's advice2 :ile !  
pr(essionals mo/ly /ick to :at !y h  be5
 do+4 ,b ! subject is cle> en\gh if x is
 cle>ly /at$4    ,nitrog5 & pota% are   
ab\t ! be/ elem5ts 9 artificial         
f]tiliz]s & p]haps ! h>de/ to reta94 ,we
 h le>n$ t  nitrog5 c be be/ & *eape/   
add$ to ! soil by means ( c]ta9  cov]   
crops1 or crops s[n only to be turn$    
back into ! gr\nd z  gre5 manure4 ,x is 
also pres5t 9 l>ge quantities 9 /able   
manure1  if x has n lea*$ away be=e be+ 
put on ! field4 ,b ?is book  c\ld       
sc>cely tell y all ab\t ! be/ ways (    
h&l+ manure  to get ! be/ returns4 ,!   
,gov]nm5t1 h[ev]1 has done ?is1 9       
,bullet9 #aib1 & y _c d bett] ?an s5d = 
x & /udy x  c>efully4 ,y w le>n f x !   
imm5se importance ( tak+  prop] c>e ( ! 
manure y h1 & h[ to get ! be/ possible  
results f its use4 ,also1 :at sorts (   
manure are be/ = :at  special purposes4 
,if ! manure is c>efully h&l$1 t :i* is 
obta9$ f /ock  f$ = soil+ purposes--t   

is1 especially to provide manure--is !  
be/4 ,x conta9s almo/ all ! elem5ts t ! 
gr[+ crops took  f ! soil4    ,"o       
well-f$ dairy c[ w produce #ab tons (   
manure 9 "o ye>1  says ,pr(4 ,e4 ,b4    
,vorhees1 & ?is manure w conta9 ab\t    
#aag p\nds  ( nitrog51 #gg p\nds (      
phosphoric acid1 & #hi p\nds ( pota%4   
,?is mu* /able manure1 if all !         
con/itu5ts are sav$ by h\s+  & c>eful   
h&l+1 w gr[ ab\t #gj bu%els ( :eat & !  
accompany+ /raw4 ,z all ?is nitrog51    
phosphoric acid & pota%  h be5 drawn f !
 soil fir/ 9 ! crops f$ to ! c[1 !  only
 way to keep up ! f]tility ( ! soil is  
to return !m to x4  ,9 ! =m ( comm]cial 
f]tiliz]s ^! w\ld co/ m ?an #cj1  or #bj
 c5ts p] p\nd = nitrog5 & #d c5ts p]    
p\nd = pota%  & phosphoric acid4    ,s  
if y keep "o c[ & fe$ h] well1 %e w     
return to y almo/  h] value 9 manure ea*
 ye>1 to say no?+ ( ! milk & butt]  y\r 
family c h4 ,! family horse1 z well z ! 
c[1 w give  y valuable returns 9 manure1
 if y "k en\gh or c>e en\gh1 to  pres]ve

 x prop]ly4    ,:5 imm$iate spread+ on !
 fields is n possible1 ! manure1  bo?   
liquid & solid1 %\ld be kept 9 a tight  
pit1 or "u cov]4  ,if too mu* litt] has 
n be5 us$1 ! liquid "p w prev5t loss  f 
too rapid f]m5tation4 ,b if !re is litt]
 en\gh to make !  manure v dry1 "s wat] 
%\ld be add$ f "t to "t to let          
f]m5tation g on )\t loss4 ,manure ?us   
c>$ = w be ready  = use on ! l& at any  
"t t x is ne$$1 & w conta9  practically 
all ! necess>y f]tiliz+ prop]ties4    ,a
 ,g]man prov]b says3 8,! manure pile is 
! f>m]'s bank40 ,all  f>m]s ^! days "k !
 value ( good manures1 :i* acc\nts =  _!
 buy+ s mu* comm]cial f]tiliz]1 b "s day
 !y w "k  ! value ( sav+ ! :ole ( !     
/able & b>ny>d manures1 s z  to avoid ! 
co/ ( comm]cial f]tiliz]s4 ,!n !re w be 
less  ( t unsci5tific talk ( 8deplet$   
soils10 & no grumbl+ ab\t  8decreas$    
yields40    ,sea-we$s1 a%es1 8mucks0 &  
bones are all valuable z manures if     
h&l$ prop]ly4 ,! ,ma9e ,agricultural    
,exp]im5t ,/ation1 at ,orono1  ,me41 has

 publi%$ a bullet91 ,no4 #gd1 on !      
manurial values (  ^!1 :i* w be s5t ^u  
application1 & is well wor? !  read+4   
,! f>m] %\ld rememb] t comm]cial        
f]tiliz]s are only to be  us$ to        
supplem5t manure1 n to take its place1 &
 t :5 he buys  any1 x mu/ be ! be/4 ,he 
_c af=d any?+ else4 ,! man :o  says1 8,i
 "k my l& ne$s pota%1 b ,i _c af=d to   
buy x10 is  mak+ a mi/ake4 ,suppose he  
%\ld say 8,i "k my *ildr5 ne$ bread1  b 
,i _c af=d to buy fl\r60 ,8 neighbors   
w\ld ?9k he _h  gone crazy4    ,x is j z
 fooli% to d5y 8 l& :at x ne$s4 ,he %\ld
 get  :atev] x ne$s2 = if a soil ne$s   
any c]ta9 +r$i5t1 :e!r  pota%1          
phosphoric acid or nitrog51 x is *eap at
 a high price1 :ile  any?+ else is de>  
at a l[ price4 ,y\r soil mu/ be f$ z    
surely  z y\r *ildr5 mu/4 ,y c get cr$it
 at ! /ore or at ! bank  to buy         
f]tiliz]1 :5 y c\ld n get x to buy an   
automobile4    ,pota% is really "o ( !  
*eape/ f]tiliz] elem5ts on ! m>ket1  b  
f>m]s get ! idea t x is high because x  

is pres5t 9  l>ge quantities 9 all      
high-grade f]tiliz]s1 & almo/ abs5t  f  
*eap grades4 ,j z a man's wages _c be   
e/imat$ by !  numb] ( doll>s he gets ea*
 week1 b r by ! am\nt ( !  necessities (
 life t he c buy 9 return = ! numb] (   
h\rs  he has work$2 s ! price ( f]tiliz]
 mu/ be judg$ by ! am\nt  ( plant food x
 conta9s1 r ?an by ! money co/ p] ton4  
,t  is :at makes high-grade f]tiliz]    
really *eap] ?an ! l[ grades  :i* co/   
less money4    ,= example1 take ! mo/   
popul> ( ! #be a ton f]tiliz]1          
8#b-h-b40 ,?is conta9s #ab p] c5t4 (    
plant food1 or #bdj p\nds to  ! ton1    
made up z foll[s3 two p] c5t4 nitrog51  
eight p] c5t4  phosphoric acid1 & two p]
 c5t4 ( pota%4 ,?is br+s ! co/ (  ?is   
*eap f]tiliz] to #aj c5ts p] p\nd (     
plant food to ! ton4  ,n[ if ! f>m]     
b\ght a ton ( pla9 muriate ( pota%1 x   
w\ld  co/ him #ej p] ton1 b he w\ld get 
#ej p] c5t4 ( plant food1 ?us  mak+ !   
actual co/ only five c5ts p] p\nd (     
plant food1 less  ?an half ! plant food 

price ( 8#b-h-b40    ,few f>m]s want to 
buy ! pota% sep>ately1 & !y compla9 t  !
 manufactur] *>ges high = x 9 f]tiliz]  
:]e x is pres5t  9 l>ge quantities4 ,b a
 little inve/igation w prove t ?is is  n
 s4 ,take = example1 ! 8#b-h-aj0 grade  
:i* sells g5]ally =  #cj p] ton4 ,"h y h
 #bj p] c5t41 or #djj p\nds1 ( plant    
food  to ! ton4 ,t br+s ! co/ ( plant   
food p] p\nd to #g c5ts  in/ead ( #aj   
c5ts z 9 ! *eap grade4 ,! manufactur]   
has add$  #h4jj wor? ( pota% to !       
mixture & has tak5 out "s ( !  wor?less 
fill]1 s t ! extra co/ 9 money to y is  
only #e4jj4    ,! increase 9 yield m ?an
 (fsets t extra co/4 ,!re are  /ill o!r 
pota% f]tiliz]s t conta9 no nitrog51 !  
l[]  grades sell+ = ab\t #af p] ton1 & !
 high] grades = #bj p]  ton4 ,! plant   
food 9 ! l[] grade co/s #f c5ts p] p\nd 
& 9  ! high grade only a t9y fraction   
ov] #e c5ts p] p\nd4 ,if y are  sp5d+   
y\r money = comm]cial f]tiliz]s1 y w f9d
 t !  be/ is ! *eape/4 ,no matt] :at !  
mixture1 if y figure x out1  y w f9d t !

 high grade co/s less p] p\nd = plant   
food  ?an ! l[ grade4 ,& x is plant food
 y are aft]1 n wor?less  fill]4    ,!   
,new ,york ,exp]im5t ,/ation 9 "o ( its 
bullet9s (f]s !  foll[+ comm5t on ?is   
po9t3 8,! high-grade goods sell on an   
av]age ne>] to _! actual plant-food     
value ?an d ! l[-grade  goods4 ,9 g5]al1
 ! high] ! grade ( ! goods1 ! l[] !  co/
 ( ea* p\nd ( plant food40    ,be=e y   
raise any crop y mu/ "k y\r soil1 n by  
*emical  analysis :i* is int]e/+ & (t5  
helpful1 b by f9d+ out  :at x w gr[ by  
nature & :at is ! easie/ way t nature c 
be help$2 & ! quick] y c f9d out ^! ?+s 
! bett]  = y\r prospects4 ,! simple/ &  
quicke/ me?od ( f9d+ out  :at f]tiliz]s 
y\r soil ne$s to gr[ y\r crops1 is by   
us+ !  p>aff9 basket4 ,?is is a v pretty
 exp]im5t & "o 9 :i* y  c readily int]e/
 ! *ildr5 s t !y may get _! k  e>ly4    
,! requirem5ts are galvaniz$ wire nett+ 
( "o-eigh? in* me%2  p>aff91 :i* c be   
b\ght *eaply at any druggi/'s2 & a pair 
(  scales :i* w weigh accurately to     

"o-f\r? ( an ounce4    ,cut y\r nett+   
into /rips #aj in*es long & #c in*es    
wide2 fa/5  ! ends ( /rips toge!r by    
hook+ ! end wires into ! me% or  ) small
 rivets4 ,!n cut ! wire at ! bottom ( ! 
cyl9d] s  z to make lugs ab\t a half in*
 deep & b5d ! cut pieces "u to  =m a    
p>tial bottom4 ,cut a circul> piece (   
nett+ t w fit  inside & drop x 91 ?us   
complet+ ! bottom ( ! basket4 ,melt  !  
p>aff91 & :ile hot dip ! top ( ! basket 
into x = ab\t  "o in*4 ,draw x out1 t x 
may cool1 & dip aga9 until a solid  rim 
( p>aff9 is =m$4 ,numb] ea* basket1 z x 
is easi] ?us to  keep a record ( x4     
,place !m on a tray1 or 9 a %all[ box1 =
  great] ease 9 h&l+4    ,ga!r ! soil 9 
small quantities f diff]5t p>ts ( y\r   
field  or g>d5 & mix x toge!r4 ,if y    
took x f "o spot x w\ld  n be           
repres5tative1 any m ?an a ,congress    
elect$ entirely  f "o section ( ! c\ntry
 c\ld rightly be call$ a ,h\se (        
,repres5tatives = ! ,am]ican p4 ,divide 
?is :ole am\nt (  soil into equal p>ts1 

hav+ "o m "p ?an y h f]tiliz]s  to te/1 
because y %\ld h "o basket ( untreat$   
soil to act  z a *eck to judge results  
by4 ,elev5 sorts are usually te/$1 :i*  
makes x necess>y = y to make twelve     
baskets altoge!r4    #a4 ,untreat$ soil4
    #b4 ,soil ) dry manure1 at ! rate ( 
five tons p] acre4    #c4 ,soil ) lime1 
"o ton p] acre4    #d4 ,soil ) nitrate (
 soda1 #bjj p\nds p] acre4    #e4 ,soil 
) sulphate ( pota%1 #bjj p\nds p] acre4 
#f4 ,soil ) acid phosphate1 #bjj p\nds  
p] acre4    #g4 ,soil ) nitrate ( soda &
 sulphate ( pota%1 #bjj p\nds ea*  p]   
acre4    #h4 ,soil ) nitrate ( soda &   
acid phosphate1 #bjj p\nds ea* p]  acre4
    #i4 ,soil ) sulphate ( pota% & acid 
phosphate1 #bjj p\nds ea* p]  acre4     
#aj4 ,soil ) nitrate ( soda1 sulphate ( 
pota%1 acid phosphate1 #bjj  p\nds ea*  
p] acre4    #aa4 ,soil ) nitrate ( soda1
 sulphate ( pota%1 & acid phosphate1    
#bjj p\nds ea* p] acre1 ) lime1 #bjjj   
p\nds p] acre4    #ab4 ,soil ) c[peas1  
#ejjj p\nds p] acre1 ) lime1 #bjjj p\nds

 p]  acre4    ,x is important t ! small 
portions ( e>? be f]tiliz$ 9 !  same    
proportion z is "h giv5 = ! field1 s to 
#g p\nds ( dry1  f9ely pulv]iz$ soil1   
add "o ounce ( any "o ( ^! f]tiliz]s4   
,mix v ?or\ghly & pass x ?r\gh a sieve  
at lea/ twice4 ,?is  is /ill mu* too    
/rong = use1 s take "o ounce ( ?is      
f]tiliz$  soil & add x to five p\nds m (
 soil1 mix+ & sift+ z  be=e4 ,!n y h    
soil & f]tiliz] mix$ at ! rate ( #bjj   
p\nds to ! acre4 ,= te/+ l>g]           
applications1 make y\r fir/  mixture )  
proportionally l>g] quantity ( f]tiliz]4
    ,= mix+ lime ) soil1 take only #aa  
ounces ( soil to "o ( lime  = ! fir/    
mixture2 = c[pea v9es1 f\r ounces ( soil
 to "o (  v9es1 & only #a ounces ( soil 
to "o ( manure4 ,"o ounce ( ea*  ( ^!   
mixtures to five p\nds ( soil w give !  
"r proportion  ( ea* to ! acre1 or1 "o  
ton ( lime1 five tons ( c[pea v9es1  &  
t5 tons ( manure to ! acre4    ,aft] y h
 add$ ! f]tiliz]s to ! soil1 x is left  
/&+  9 pans or boxes = sev]al days1 be+ 

wat]$ ) ra9 wat] or  melt$ ice wat] &   
frequ5tly /irr$4 ,d n use well or h>d   
wat]1  = ^? conta9 lime or salts1 only  
ra9 wat]4 ,moi/5 ! soil at  ! end ( a   
few days until x is 9 ! be/ condition = 
plant+  se$s4 ,y soon le>n to judge ?is4
    ,divide ! soil 9 ea* pan into five  
equal p>ts & put "o "p 9  ea* ( five    
wire baskets1 press+ x d[n at ! bottom &
 sides4  ,aft] ?is is done1 bru% (f !   
soil t has be5 =c$ ?r\gh !  me% ( !     
nett+4 ,! basket %\ld be fill$ to )9    
"o-half  in* f ! top4 ,! baskets are n[ 
ready = plant+4    ,a c\ple ( days be=e 
plant+1 put :eat gra9s betwe5 moi/      
clo?s1 cov] ) wet s& & place 9 a w>m    
spot to />t  g]m9ation4 ,take f ^!      
spr\t$ se$s ^? t are ( ! same  size &   
developm5t1 & plant six 9 a /raight l9e 
9 ea* basket1  be+ c>eful to plant all  
to exactly ! same dep?4 ,!n cov] !  soil
 9 ! basket ab\t "o-f\r? in* deep )     
clean1 dry s&1 dip  ! :ole basket1 d[n z
 f> z ! rim y h already coat$ )  p>aff91
 into melt$ p>aff92 cool1 & dip aga9 &  

aga9 until x  is completely cov]$ )     
h>d5$ p>aff9 = ab\t "o-sixte5? (  an    
in*1 & y h ne>ly complet$ y\r task4     
,see t ! pots h ! be/ possible          
conditions ( light1  temp]ature &       
moi/ure1 z ne>ly z y c make x l :at !y  
w\ld h 9 ! field1 be+ c>eful to keep all
 ! baskets ( "o  set toge!r4 ,wat] !m   
frequ5tly4 ,if y h weigh$ "s ( !        
baskets z soon z plant$1 y w "k h[ mu*  
wat] to supply1  = y mu/ keep weight z  
close z possible to :at x 0 at !        
beg9n+4    ,fifte5 or tw5ty days are    
en\gh to %[ y :at f]tiliz] y\r soil  mo/
 ne$s1 & y c !n g ahead & get x ready = 
crops4 ,?is  is a te/ solely = soil     
ne$s1 n = plant requirem5ts1 s x is  n  
necess>y to gr[ ! plants any long] ?an j
 to %[ :i*  basket fl\ri%es be/4 ,x     
holds good 9 ! field z well z 9 !       
basket4    ,"o ?+ mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 t 
weight mu/ be accurate4 ,if !  f>m]     
hasn't "t or pati5ce probably 8 wife    
w\ld make ! te/4  ,%e has "t & pati5ce =
 ev]y?+ t is put ^u h]4                 

,,*apt] ,,xxviii4                       
,,m ,,ab\t ,,f]tiliz]s4      ,9 ! pa/ we
 believ$ t f]tiliz]s act$ z plant foods 
& t  ! sub/ances to be appli$ mu/ conta9
 "o or m ( f\r elem5ts  :i* are probably
 ! mo/ important to ! plant1 namely3    
,nitrog51  phosphorus1 potassium &      
calcium4 ,sev]al o!r elem5ts g to make  
up  ! plants2 b ^! are consid]$ mo/     
difficult = ! plant to  secure f ! soil 
& 7 !re=e ( ! mo/ importance = !  f>m]4 
,trials1 by exp]im5tal "w ) diff]5t     
plants1 soon %[$ t  ! =ms ( comb9ation (
 ^! elem5ts make a great diff]5ce4 ,=   
example1 nitrog5 is n[ appli$ ei!r 9 !  
=m ( nitrate ( soda  & ( potassium1 :i* 
is call$ saltpetre1 or 9 ! =m ( sulphate
  ( ammonia2 or1 x may be appli$ z      
organic matt] 9 dri$ blood1  tankage1   
ho(- & horn-meal & ev5 muck4    ,bo? !  
nitrate & sulphate =ms are readily      
dissolv$1 b !  nitrate =m is ! "o 9 :i* 
plants take up _! nitrog51 s t  ei!r    
nitrate ( soda or saltpetre is specially
 valuable = =c+  a quick gr[?4 ,! effect

 may be se5 ^u plants 9 a v few days    
aft] x is fir/ appli$4 ,b sulphate (    
ammonia1 al?\gh x w  dissolve1 mu/ be   
*ang$ into a nitrate1 9 ! soil1 be=e !  
plants c use x1 & ?is probably takes    
sev]al days1 h5ce1 x is  n q s quick    
act+4    ,! organic =ms ( nitrog5 v>y   
mu* 9 _! usefulness4 ,!  nitrog5 ( dri$ 
blood or tankage is ! mo/ easily        
absorb$4 ,^!  sub/ances are sometimes   
s[n at se$+-"t1 & become useful lat]  9 
! season :5 ! soil becomes w>m4 ,o!r    
=ms1 h[ev]1 z  muck1 lea!r p>+s1 etc41  
are us$ consid]ably 9 mak+ "s  l[-grade 
f]tiliz]s4 ,not)/&+ ! tradition t y mu/ 
bury  an old %oe at ! foot ( ! v9e1 !   
nitrog5 9 ^! may nev] be  ( v mu* value4
    ,! phosphorus is f\nd 9 f]tiliz]s   
bo? 9 =ms t w dissolve  & 9 =ms t won't4
 ,acid phosphate & dissolv$ bone conta9 
a  l>ge portion ( phosphorus 9 ! =m ( a 
soluble phosphate ( lime2  ?is is (t5   
m>k$ on ! bag z be+ equal to #ab1 #ad1  
or #af p]  c5t4 ( phosphoric acid4      
,gr\nd phosphatic rock1 also call$      

8floats10  & raw bone-meal conta9       
phosphorus comb9$ ) lime 9 ! =m (  an   
insoluble phosphate4    ,basic slag is  
/ill ano!r =m ( phosphate ( lime1 :i*1  
al?\gh  insoluble1 readily becomes      
available z plant food 9 ! soil4        
,potassium occurs 9 v>i\s =ms (         
comb9ation1 "o ( ! mo/  common be+      
muriate ( pota%2 ano!r =m is sulphate ( 
pota%4  ,ka9it is ano!r f]tiliz] :i*    
conta9s potassium1 & wood  a%es conta9 a
 small p]c5tage4 ,9 all ( ^! ! potassium
 is  g5]ally spok5 ( z pota% & ! fir/   
two are said to conta9 !  equival5t (   
#ej p] c5t4 pota%4 ,ka9it usually       
conta9s #ab to #ad p]  c5t4 ,wood a%es  
may conta9 ab\t #c to #f p] c5t4 ,ka9it 
& muriate  ( pota% h an acid effect ^u !
 soil1 & x is wise to apply  !m "s "t   
be=e ! crop is to be s[n1 ev5 ! fall    
previ\s1  if ! soil reta9s plant food   
fairly well4    ,! commone/ k9d (       
calcium is quick-lime or lump lime4 ,:5 
?is is  8air-slak$0 x becomes :at is    
call$ c>bonate ( lime4 ,fifty-six  p\nds

 ( lump lime conta9 ! same am\nt (      
calcium z #ajj p\nds  ( air-slak$ lime1 
& 9 us+ ^! x makes v little diff]5ce    
:e!r we apply ! quick-lime or !         
air-slak$1 provid$ we apply  equal      
am\nts ( calcium & t ! p>ticles are     
equally small 9  bo? cases4 ,9 o!r      
words1 #ef p\nds ( quick-lime or #ajj   
p\nds (  air-slak$ lime may be us$1 b   
bo? %\ld be 9 z f9e p[d]$  =m z possible
 be=e !y are s[n4    ,l e o!r f]tiliz]1 
lime is ( no use until x is dissolv$1  &
 ! f9] x is gr\nd be=e x is appli$ !    
fur!r x may be  spread & ! soon] x w    
dissolve4 ,x is seldom wise to apply m  
?an f "o-half ton to a ton ( quick-lime 
p] acre at any "o "t2  & x is saf] to   
apply ?is quantity e ?ree or f\r ye>s r 
?an l>g] quantities at %ort] p]iods4    
,lime %\ld be appli$ to  ! l& :5 !re is 
a crop ^u x :i* c use x ) advantage4  ,a
 crop l clov] or alfalfa1 :i* cov]s ! l&
 completely1 w  make ! be/ use ( lime4  
,x may injure potatoes1 because x makes 
!  l& m favorable = ! gr[? ( scab1 a    

disease :i* attacks  potatoes4    ,mu*  
money c be lo/ by ! unwise use (        
f]tiliz]s1 & ! be/  way "o c positively 
"k :e!r x is wise to use !m is to try  x
 ?us1 say1 ) radi%es1 lettuce1 or beans2
 a pat* conta9+ two  or ?ree r[s may be 
f]tiliz$ 9 "o way1 ! next "o 9 ano!r1   
o!rs ) v>i\s mixtures &1 9 ord] to      
det]m9e ! values (  ^! x w be wise to   
leave untreat$ 8*eck plats0 betwe5 "s  (
 ! /rips4 ,! foll[+ outl9e w %[ h[ to   
make su* an  exp]im5t on ab\t half an   
acre3            ,plat #a4--,no?+#aj    
#b4--bjj p\nds nitrate ( soda p] acre 9 
two or ?ree applications4               
#c4--fjj p\nds acid phosphate4          
#d4--,no?+4                             
#e4--ajj p\nds muriate ( pota%4         
#f4--ajj p\nds muriate ( pota% & #bjj   
p\nds nitrate ( soda 9 two or ?ree      
#aih feet4       applications4          
#g4--,no?+4#aj                          
#h4--ajj p\nds muriate ( pota% & #fjj   
p\nds acid phosphate4                   
#i4--ajj p\nds muriate ( pota%4         

#fjj p\nds acid phosphate4              
#bjj p\nds nitrate ( soda4              
#aj4--,no?+4                            
#add feet4    ,"o hundr$ p\nds p] acre  
is "o p\nd = #dh squ>e y>ds1 a /rip1    
say1 "o y>d wide & #dh y>ds long4    ,x 
may be necess>y to repeat ! exp]im5t    
sev]al ye>s1 be=e we  c be sure :at w   
give ! be/ results2 b we %all le>n mu*  
t w help ev5 dur+ ! fir/ ye>4    ,9 mix+
 f]tiliz]s1 c>e mu/ be tak5 n to mix ^? 
:i*  injure "o ano!r2 ?us nitrate ( soda
 & muriate ( pota%1 bo?  take up moi/ure
 f ! air q readily1 & :5 mix$ ) o!r     
sub/ances are liable to make ! :ole mass
 pa/y1 or ev5 to run  toge!r & bake 9 ! 
bag2 ^! %\ld be mix$ b a %ort "t  be=e  
!y are to be appli$4 ,nitrate ( soda &  
acid phosphate1 :5  !y are mix$ & all[$ 
to /&1 become damp & act *emically  ^u  
ea* o!r1 & ! result is loss ( f]tiliz]  
elem5ts into !  air2 ! same is true :5  
basic slag & sulphate ( ammonia are mix$
  toge!r4    ,we are frequ5tly advis$ to
 apply f]tiliz]s to ! crop :ile x is    

gr[+4 ,nitrate ( soda is g5]ally us$ 9  
?is way1 & to aid 9  spread+ x1 x is (t5
 mix$ ) acid phosphate4 ,n[ bo? ( ^!    
sub/ances1 z well z muriate & sulphate (
 pota%1 are likely to  burn ! foliage ( 
plants ) :i* !y come 9 contact2 h5ce1   
broadca/+ ^! ov] gr[+ plants on a damp  
morn+ is liable to  d s]i\s injury to ! 
foliage2 x is saf] to apply !m ) a      
drill4    ,value 9 ,f]tiliz]s4--,9      
e/imat+ ! value ( f]tiliz]s x is  !     
cu/om to speak ( ! unit ( valuation4 ,a 
unit is "o p] c5t4  ( a ton1 or1 9 o!r  
words1 #bj p\nds4 ,= example1 if ka9it  
conta9s #ab p] c5t4 ( pota% & is sold at
 #ab4jj p] ton1 !n  !re are #ab units & 
!y co/ #ab4jj2 !re=e "o unit co/s       
#a4jj1 & s9ce ! unit is #bj p\nds1 !    
actual co/ ( ! pota%  is #e c5ts p]     
p\nd4 ,if muriate ( pota%1 gu>ante$ to  
conta9 !  equival5t ( #ej p] c5t4 (     
pota%1 is sell+ at #dj4jj a ton1 !n  we 
f9d t #ej p] c5t4 pota% is #ej units2 if
 #ej units co/ #dj4jj1  "o unit w co/   
#hj c5ts1 or 9 ?is =m #bj p\nds co/ #hj 

c5ts2  !re=e "o p\nd w co/ #d c5ts4     
,n[1 if ^! are prices free on bo>d ! c>s
 at ,new ,york1 & pota%  is ! ?+ we ne$1
 we mu/ rememb] t 9 ord] to get equal   
am\nts ( pota% deliv]$ to our own f>m1  
we mu/ pay freight &  haul f\r tons (   
ka9it in/ead ( "o ton ( muriate ( pota%4
 ,9  o!r words1 ) ^! figures !          
high]-pric$ f]tiliz]1 c\nt+  9 doll>s p]
 ton1 is really ! *eap] article1 c\nt+ 9
 value4    ,any "o :o w secure ! late/  
f]tiliz] bullet9 f !  ne>e/ ,exp]im5t   
,/ation w usually f9d ! approximate     
values  ( "o p\nd ( nitrog51 phosphoric 
acid & pota% 9 ! diff]5t  f]tiliz]s     
work$ out 9 "s "p ( ! bullet94 ,^! may  
be  us$ 9 decid+ :e!r x is bett] to buy 
& mix ! f]tiliz]s  at home2 !n "o may "k
 :at is go+ on ! l& & ! =m (  comb9ation
 x is 94    ,manure conta9s all ( !     
elem5ts we h discuss$ 9 m or less  fix$ 
=ms4 ,! liquid manure f animals conta9s 
a l>ge am\nt (  ! nitrog5 pass$ f ! body
 & is ( p>ticul> value4 ,! mo/  useful  
p>ts ( ! manure are ! ones :i* are      

easie/ lo/2 h5ce1  if manure is pil$ &  
all[$ to f]m5t1 or if ! wat] f !  ro( ( 
! b>n is all[$ to wa% x1 s]i\s loss     
occurs4    ,a ton ( fre% manure has all 
! value x ev] w h1 & if !re  is a piece 
( l& ^u :i* x c be spread1 x %\ld be    
done at  once4 ,! liquid manure %\ld be 
soak$ up by ! b$d+1 & appli$  at once to
 ! l&4 ,! hold+ ( manure 9 piles or pits
 always  causes loss ( valuable elem5ts4
 ,sometimes we may h to hold x1  b e    
ef=t %\ld be made to arrange ! crop s t 
x c be  appli$ some:]e ea* day z made4  
,manure has a special value because  x  
furni%es humus1 :i* greatly helps !     
physical condition ( !  soil1 & !       
bact]ial & o!r microscopic life 9 !     
soil4      ,,footnotes3    #aj          
,,note4--,if ! yields ( plats #a & #g d 
n agree closely1 !  effect ( ! f]tiliz] 
c be closely e/imat$ by comp>+ !  yield 
( ea* ) ! *eck plat ne>e/ to x4 ,ano!r  
int]e/+  exp]im5t is to lime "o-half (  
ea* plat4                               
,,*apt] ,,xxix4                         

,,root ,,h\ses ,,& ,,vegetable ,,pits4  
,9 ! ,nor?1 we h to protect our ga!r$   
crops & to /ore !m  safely = a pr(itable
 m>ket1 b we d n ne$ an exp5sive b>n or 
cell> = t4 ,a root h\se or vegetable pit
 w d in/ead4    ,?is is ! way to make   
"o3 9 a w>m1 s&y or gravelly soil a pit 
is dug f "o to two feet deep & sixte5 or
 m feet wide1 !  l5g? dep5d+ ^u ! crop y
 h to /ore4 ,! sides ( ! pit  are l9$ ) 
"o or two planks plac$ edgewise & held 9
 place by  /akes driv5 into ! gr\nd4    
,/akes are !n driv5 into ! bottom  ( !  
pit ?r\gh\t its entire l5g?2 ^! support 
! ridge-pole  f\r or five feet above !  
floor ( ! pit4 ,bo>ds are laid f !  edge
 ( ! pit to ! ridge-pole to =m a sort ( 
gable ro(4 ,!  support ( ^! is /r5g!n$  
by ano!r gird] c>ri$ by /akes  driv5    
half way betwe5 ! m>g9 & ! ridge-pole4  
,!n long]  bo>ds1 f twelve to f\rte5    
feet 9 l5g?1 are laid f ! edge  ( ! pit 
to ! ridge-pole1 slightly ov]lapp+ ea*  
o!r1 &  nail$ lightly 9 place at ! top  
ends4 ,! pit be+ only a tempor>y        

/ructure1 ! bo>ds are n securely nail$1 
z ! same lumb] w  d = ano!r pit next    
season4 ,at di/ances ( ab\t t5 feet "s  
bo>ds are left )\t nail+ to s]ve z      
entrances1 & at ea*  place a /ake is    
driv5 to m>k ! op5+4    ,su* a pit w    
protect crops until sev]e freez+ wea!r4 
,aft]  t1 ! bo>d ro( %\ld be cov]$ )    
/raw1 grass or o!r  litt]1 & :]e ! wea!r
 gets v cold1 manure & e>? are  (t5 add$
 z ! out] lay]4 ,! advantage ( ?is pit  
is t x  conta9s a l>ge body ( air :i*   
secures uni=m conditions f  day to day1 
& cel]y1 leek1 ,brussels spr\ts & ev5   
cabbage may  be /or$ by sett+ 9 compact 
r[s1 s t !y may make a slight  root-hold
 & avoid %rivell+4    ,b !re are _m     
v>ieties ( pits us$ = /or+ vegetables1 &
  9 ,kalamazoo1 ! ,am]ican cel]y c5tre1 
! favorite cel]y /orage  h\se is a      
p]man5t /ructure ) w9d[s at regul>      
int]vals along  ! ro(1 to give !        
necess>y light = ! workm54 ,^! h\ses  h 
wood5 v5tilat+ *imneys1 & are usually   
heat$ ) /oves s  t ! temp]ature may n   

fall bel[ freez+ po9t4                  
,,*apt] ,,xxx4                          
,,"s ,,small ,,fruits4      ,! home g>d5
 w\ld sc>cely be complete )\t a /rawb]ry
  pat*1 & h>dly any?+ gives bett]       
returns4 ,/rawb]ries gr[  9 v>i\s k9ds (
 soil1 b a light1 s&y loam gives !      
e>lie/  b]ries1 because t is ! e>lie/1  
w>me/ soil4 ,x takes only  a few        
well-develop$1 well-c>$-= plants to     
supply a family )  b]ries en\gh1 & ! c>e
 is no great] ?an w\ld be giv5 corn4  ,b
 y %\ld make a c>eful selection ( y\r   
plants4 ,small1 weakly  plants1 or      
plants t h already be5 9 be>+1 are no   
good =  y\r purpose4 ,!re=e1 buy f an   
hone/ deal]4 ,plants = sett+  %\ld h be5
 gr[n = t purpose purely1 & n h be5     
all[$ ev5 to blossom1 z ! important ?+  
is to h a vigor\s  root gr[?1 & well-=m$
 cr[n4    ,?is sort ( /rawb]ry plant w  
yield l>ge1 delici\s b]ries  ab\t t5 to 
f\rte5 mon?s aft] sett+ out1 & al?\gh a 
plot  conta9+ #ajj plants requires n m  
?an a half-h\r's "w a week  to keep !   

plants 9 condition1 aft] !y h be5 well  
/>t$1 yet  ! yield w be ab\t a qu>t to  
ea* plant4    ,to get su* a return1 y   
mu/ fir/ put y\r soil 9 good condition  
= plant+4 ,h ! soil f9ely pulv]iz$ &    
?or\ghly f]tiliz$  ) well-rott$ manure1 
gr\nd bone or wood a%es4    ,hav+ prep>$
 y\r b$ & got good /rong plants1 x is n[
 "t to  set !m out4 ,be=e do+ s1 trim ! 
roots ev51 & cut (f all  b a leaf or two
 on ea* plant4 ,! easie/ way is to take 
!m 9  bundles ( #be1 fa/5 toge!r & cut !
 roots ( all at once4 ,b d  n expose !  
roots to sun & air dur+ plant+4 ,keep !m
 cov]$  ) a damp clo?4 ,lay ! roots     
c>efully 9 ! gr\nd1 spread+  !m out     
fan-%ape1 & see t ! cr[n ( ! plant is   
level )  ! surface ( ! soil1 & firm !   
soil well ar\nd ! roots4 ,a  prop]ly set
 plant beg9s to gr[ at once1 becomes    
l>g] & has m  fruit cr[ns ?an a         
c>elessly set plant4 ,s be c>eful to />t
 "r4    ,set ! plants out 9 r[s #ah to  
#bd in*es ap>t1 & #ae in*es ap>t  9 !   
r[4 ,if ea* plant is set 9 a little hill

 by itself z y  w\ld set corn1 y w f9d x
 easi] to cultivate & also to keep  !   
we$s d[n4 ,x is z necess>y to keep      
/rawb]ries cle> ( we$s  z x is any o!r  
crop4    ,cultivate z soon z all !      
plants are set1 & cont9ue to d s once  a
 week dur+ ! :ole season4 ,p9* (f all   
blooms ! fir/ ye>  & cut (f ! runn]s4   
,by s do+ ! plant w sp5d its en]gy  on  
root gr[? & 9 produc+ m fruit cr[ns =   
be>+ ! next  ye>4 ,x nev] pays to cr[d  
/rawb]ry plants4 ,give !m room &  keep  
!m 9 hills ) cultivation & y w get bo?  
pleasure &  pr(it f y\r pat*4    ,x pays
 to mul* /rawb]ries4 ,z soon z ! fir/   
h>d fro/ has  come1 cov] ! b$ ) ab\t    
?ree in*es ( litt] ( salt hay or  /raw4 
,?is prev5ts ! gr\nd freez+ & ?aw+ dur+ 
! w9t]4  ,9 ! spr+ y cle> a space ov]   
ea* plant = ! leaves to come  ?r\gh1 b  
leave ! mul* on ! gr\nd4 ,x n only keeps
 ! soil  f dry+ out1 b x also keeps !   
fruit f gett+ dirty f  s& or mud4    ,f 
! fir/ rip5+1 pick y\r b]ries z soon z  
!y r$d51  e day if necess>y1 & let !    

pick+ be done 9 ! e>ly  morn+1 be=e !   
sun has dri$ !m4 ,! b]ries keep long] & 
h a bett] flavor4    ,z soon z ! plants 
cease fruit+1 remove ! mul* & cultivate4
 ,a  h&ful ( bone-meal mix$ ) ! soil    
betwe5 ea* plant w h  a good effect4 ,9 
a few days ! plants w put out runn]s4   
,all[  "o runn] to gr[ f ea* plant1 &   
lay] ?is betwe5 ! old  plants 9 a       
/raight r[4 8,lay]+0 is cov]+ ! runn] at
 "o or  m po9ts ) e>?1 or really plant+ 
x4 ,x w develop roots  at ^! po9ts &    
become a /rawb]ry plant4 ,9 f two to    
?ree  weeks x w h got a good />t1 & !n y
 c take up ! old  plants4 ,9 ?is way y c
 r5ew y\r own /rawb]ry pat* e ye>  at   
little tr\ble or exp5se1 if y get good  
plants to />t )4    ,"s ref]5ce to !    
possible yields ( /rawb]ry b$s has be5  
made  else:]e 9 ?is book1 s x w n be    
necess>y to repeat "h1 b  y w be mak+   
y\r own records soon1 if y foll[ ^!     
simple  rules4    ,raspb]ries &         
blackb]ries succe$ 9 any soil t is n too
 wet  & heavy1 & !re are good pr(its 9  

_! gr[+4 ,if y int5d  to take up !      
culture ( ^! fruits1 y w d well to read 
8,bu%  ,fruit10 by ,pr(4 ,f4 ,w4 ,c>d4  
,! bu%es ( bo? %\ld be cut back &  prun$
 9 ! spr+1 ! raspb]ry be+ easy to h&le )
 ord9>y  h&-%e>s1 b a blackb]ry hook is 
bett] = deal+ ) ! %>p  ?orns ( t bu%4   
,z soon z ! fruit is ga!r$ ! fruit+     
canes ( ! season  %\ld all be remov$2 !n
 9 ! spr+1 cut back all canes4 ,?is     
makes !m /ocki] & /rong]4 ,!y %\ld be   
support$ by wires  /ret*$ on ei!r side &
 fa/5$ to crossway pieces atta*$ to     
/akes driv5 at ea* hill1 = ^! fruits    
%\ld be plant$ 9  hills1 too4           
,plantations are g5]ally r5ew$ e five or
 six ye>s1 al?\gh  ) good c>e ye>ly1 !y 
la/ long]4 ,! yield v>ies f #abjj to    
#aj1jjj qu>ts an acre2 ! diff]5ce lies  
p>tly 9 ! canes1 &  p>tly 9 !           
cultivation4    ,! home g>d5 w\ld       
sc>cely be complete )\t currant &       
gooseb]ry bu%es4 ,!y are easily gr[n1 ! 
gooseb]ry1 9  p>ticul>1 requir+ v little
 c>e & yield+ l>ge returns4 ,x  c be    

gr[n 9 clayey soil1 ?\gh l ! currant1 x 
pref]s a  deep1 moi/1 ri* soil1         
especially a ri* soil4    ,/rong        
"o-ye>-old plants are ! be/ to set out1 
& two- or  ?ree-ye>-old canes yield !   
be/ & l>ge/ quantity ( fruit4 ,all  wood
 old] ?an t %\ld be c>efully prun$4 ,!  
same cultivation  applies to            
bo?--well-rott$ /able manure & %all[    
spr+ tillage4    ,! wor/ pe/ is !       
currant worm1 :i* eats ! leaves almo/ z 
soon z !y unfold4 ,du/ ! bu%es ) p[d]$  
hellebore :5 !  leaves are wet1 or mix !
 hellebore ) wat] & apply4 ,!n !re  is !
 leaf blight1 :i* attacks ! leaves z    
soon z ! fruit is  ripe1 & almo/ /rips !
 bu%es ( foliage4 ,?is %\ld be spray$  )
 ,bordeaux mixture to /op its ravages1  
because if all[$ to  progress x weak5s !
 bu%1 & ! fruit next ye> w be small &  (
 poor quality4    ,! grape-trellis is a 
common sight 9 ! g>d5s ( ! ,new ,engl&  
& ,middle ,/ates1 b n s common z x w be 
:5 ! g>d5]  und]/&s h[ comp>atively easy
 x is to gr[ ?is fruit4 ,a well  dra9$1 

?9 soil1 ) a w>m s\!rn exposure w       
provide =  />t+ a good grape-v9e4    ,! 
v9e ne$s a trellis support always1 & !  
prun+ mu/ be look$  aft]1 else ! num]\s 
runn]s w draw f ! plant s t x  _c fruit 
prop]ly4 ,keep ! runn]s p9*$ (f dur+ !  
fruit+  season1 & 9 ! fall cut (f ! old 
canes1 leav+ only ! new1  vigor\s canes 
= next season4 ,x may be two or ev5 ?ree
 or f\r  ye>s be=e mu* prun+ is ne$$1 b 
aft] t x mu/ be att5d$  to regul>ly4    
,ea* new cane mu/ h pl5ty ( space1 light
 & air1 to prev5t rot  & mildew ( !     
fruit1 s t ! numb] ( canes y c all[ to  
gr[1 dep5ds ^u ! /r5g? ( ! v9e1 ! space 
to be cov]$  & ! root gr[?4    ,y may   
fancy o!r small fruits t y h room = 9   
y\r g>d54  ,any good agricultural pap] w
 give y ! in=mation or "n !  book y ne$4
 ,fruits are ano!r means ( mak+ y\r plot
 pay1 s y  might z well gr[ a few at    
lea/4                                   
,,*apt] ,,xxxi4                         
,,! ,,p\ltry ,,run4      ,ev5 ! h5 is   
int5sively cultivat$ ^! days1 & t makes 

room  = h] & h] *icks on ! small pat*4  
,x is p]fectly amaz+ h[  little ! ord9>y
 f>m] kn[s ab\t p\ltry1 al?\gh he has   
rais$  "s1 m or less1 f "t immemorial4  
,! mod]n f>m] is too wise  to be caught 
) ! extravagant /ories f\nd 9 "s p\ltry 
pap]s1  ( ! pr(its to be made f a h5n]y1
 ?\gh at ! same "t he  is n wise en\gh  
to believe t ) c>eful att5tion & improv$
  me?ods1 ! h5n]y c be made to pay well4
    ,x is = ! b5efit ( ! f>m] :o is     
nei!r too wise nor too  ignorant to be  
taught1 z well z = ! villag] & !        
int5sive  f>m]1 t ?is *apt] is          
writt54#aa    ,"o ( ! new sy/ems1       
,philo's1#ab ext5sively adv]tis$1 makes 
x  possible = p ) b little room to keep 
a small flock4 ,by ?is  sy/em1 ! h5s are
 always kept 9 conf9em5t2 b ) "s extra  
c>e & prop] treatm5t !y d well & yield  
great results2 :i*  is 9 h>mony ) !     
mod]n !ory ( int5sive culture4    ,!    
fir/ ?+ to be decid$ is :at k9d ( p\ltry
 to keep4 ,*ick5s  are ! mo/ popul> ( ! 
v>i\s dome/ic animals suitable = !      

int5sive f>m]4 ,turkeys & gu9eas d n    
?rive well 9 conf9em5t  & are difficult 
to re> 9 a comm]cial way4 ,f>m]s :o h   
free  range1 especially if !y are       
adjac5t to woodl&1 may d well )  a few (
 ^! less dome/icat$ birds4 ,on ! o!r h&1
 ducks &  pigeons d ev5 bett] ?an *ick5s
 9 conf9em5t1 b !re is less  dem& = !   
product4    ,! fir/ ess5tial = success )
 p\ltry1 z ) crops1 is to  secure good  
/ock2 ! v be/ possible4 ,to buy f[ls    
simply because  !y are *eap is poor     
economy4 ,mu* bett] buy well-br$ /ock at
 five  doll>s & upw>ds1 = !y w n only   
give m eggs1 b _!  brood w be wor? m1 s 
t 9 a ye> y c build up a f9e  flock (   
y\r own4    ,! second ess5tial is to    
keep !m 9 small companies1 n m ?an  six 
h5s 9 a p52 /ill bett] results c be _h )
 f\r4 ,^!  are ! days ( int5sive culture
 & *icks w respond to x z  surely z     
field crops4 ,l ! crops1 !y ne$         
abundance ( food1 to  =ce gr[? & vigor &
 egg production4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 9 !   
selection ( food1 b y are always safe on

 lots ( oats1 :eat-bran  & gre5 /uff1 ) 
"s lean beef n[ & !n4 ,corn %\ld be f$  
sp>+ly to heavy f[ls1 b is an excell5t  
diet = ,leghorns or =  any *ick5s on    
free range4 ,runn+ wat]1 or pl5ty ( fre%
 wat]  %\ld be furni%$4 ,an op5 wat]    
vessel is be/1 al?\gh almo/ any         
self-fe$+ f\nta9 is good4 ,place x ab\t 
t5 in*es f ! floor  t no dirt may be    
scrat*$ into x4    ,fre% air & sun%9e   
are necessities1 b drafts %\ld be       
avoid$4  ,cleanl9ess is vital2 if only a
 few h5s are kept1 all dropp+s %\ld  be 
remov$ e morn+1 & s& or lime or a%es    
spr9kl$ on !  roo/s & bo>ds4 ,if ! food 
is good & well balanc$1 ! premises  kept
 scrupul\sly clean1 & ! f[ls protect$ f 
/orm & w9d  y w n be greatly tr\bl$ )   
disease or weakness4 ,daily c>e1  nev]  
slack5+1 is ! price t mu/ be paid =     
success4    ,! p\ltry h\se %\ld be 9 a  
sunny spot1 on a hillside slop+ to  !   
s\?1 if possible2 b no "o ne$ be kept f 
*ick5 rais+ if  su* a spot _c be _h1 =  
_m successful plants are n s well       

situat$4 ,a light s&y soil (f]s ! same  
advantages z a s\!rn  slope4 ,su*       
locations or soils are n only mu* dry] b
 also mu*  w>m]1 = ! sn[ melts & ! fro/ 
leaves ! gr\nd e>li] 9  ! spr+ ?an on   
nor!rn slopes or 9 clay soils4 ,!       
advantage (  ?is e>li] season is j z    
real z 9 a m s\!rn latitude4    ,"o ( ! 
ma9 defects ( p\ltry h\ses has be5 t !y 
7 built  = p1 r ?an = h5s2 be+ too high1
 !y are n easily  kept w>m 9 w9t]4 ,!   
h\se itself %\ld be well built to       
exclude  /orm & w9d1 b ! s\!rn side %\ld
 be l>gely enclos$ )  musl91 :i* is mu* 
bett] ?an glass1 z x af=ds an entrance =
  air )\t draughts1 & furni%es pl5ty (  
light4    ,! roo/+ room may h a ceil+   
close above ! roo/s2 ?is c  be made (   
r\nd poles or n>r[ bo>ds1 laid an in* or
 m ap>t1  & ov] ^! !re %\ld be spread a 
cov]+ ( hay or /raw4 ,?is  w give       
v5tilation1 & yet reta9 mo/ ( ! heat1   
especially if a  ?9 musl9 curta9 is     
plac$ be=e ! f[ls dur+ ! night4    ,9 ! 
w>m] localities1 on ! ,atlantic coa/ f  

,new ,york s\?1  & 9 ! ,mississippi     
,valley any:]e s\? ( ,/4 ,l\is1 curta9  
fronts are n necess>y1 b1 in/ead1 a "p  
or all ( ! s\? side  ( ! p\ltry h\se is 
made ( p\ltry nett+4    ,if *ick5s are  
to be rais$ 9 l>ge numb]s1 incubators   
mu/ be us$2  ^? hold+ two to ?ree hundr$
 eggs are mo/ commonly us$4 ,aft]  !    
*icks are hat*$1 comes ! s]i\s "q (     
brood+ !m1  especially dur+ ! w9t]4 ,all
 k9ds ( little *icks ne$ air &  sun%9e  
ev5 m ?an old] folk1 & n _m build+s all[
 (  ei!r2 consequ5tly1 we mu/ consid]   
brood+ out ( doors1 :]e air  & sun%9e c 
always be _h4 ,=tunately1 ! exp]im5t+   
has be5  done by o!rs1 s n[ we may avail
 ourselves ( ! k !y  h ga9$1 z _m       
successful p are do+4    ,) prop]ly     
con/ruct$ brood]s & brood] coops1 x is  
p]fectly  practicable to c>e = *ick5s f 
hat*+ to full gr[?1 out (  doors1 at any
 "t ( ! ye>1 )\t artificial heat4 ,?is  
does  away ) all dang] f fire &         
ov]-heat+1 & gives ! *ick5s  a vigor\s  
con/itution t w enable !m to )/& all !  

ills  to :i* *ick5s are liable4    ,^!  
sugge/ions are n giv5 z great           
discov]ies1 b !y are a  brief summ>y ( !
 practical po9ts ( *ick5 rais+1 & are   
all  workable4 ,"s ( !m are giv5 by !   
,rev4 ,w4 ,w4 ,cox1 z ! results  ( ye>s 
( p]sonal exp]i5ce 9 ! bus9ess4 ,he is  
n[ mak+ a  specialty ( rais+ ,:ite      
,orp+tons1 & is brood+ out ( doors1  )  
success4    ,!re are _m bran*es ( !     
8*ick5-tree10 ! m important ones  be+   
bre$+ /ock1 or fancy p\ltry2 egg f>m+1  
broil] f>m+  & roa/] gr[+4 ,runn+ a     
public hat*]y1 & sell+ day-old  *icks1  
is ! late/ developm5t1 & is inde$ s     
int5sive t  x l9ks manufacture to f>m+1 
= ! build+ site is ! only  gr\nd        
requir$4 ,^! bran*es are recomm5d$ to ! 
inexp]i5c$  p\ltryman 9 ! foll[+        
ord]3--#a/1 ,egg f>m+2 #b;d1 roa/]      
gr[+2 #c;d1 fancy p\ltry2 #d?1 broil]   
production4    ,egg f>m+1 prop]ly       
conduct$1 is pr(itable 9 almo/ any      
locality4  ,roa/] f>m+ has prov$ a great
 success ne> ,bo/on1 b has n  be5 l>gely

 introduc$ into o!r localities4 ,fancy  
p\ltry is a  money-mak+ game = ^? :o are
 successful 9 w9n+ prizes at !  %[1 &   
gett+ well adv]tis$ z bre$]s4 ,! broil] 
bus9ess1  seem+ly ! mo/ pr(itable bran*1
 has 9 practice be5 a s\rce (  loss to  
_m inve/ors4 ,! cause ( failure 9 !     
broil] bus9ess1  lies *iefly 9 !        
difficulties ( artificial incubation1   
especially  9 ! w9t] season4            
,incubation is to ! *ick5 rais] :at !   
hot-b$ is to ! tomato  rais]4 ,if       
incubation is a failure1 ! :ole bus9ess 
mu/ fail4  ,= ! p\ltryman ) a few doz51 
or ev5 sev]al hundr$ f[ls1  hat*+ ) h5s 
is to be recomm5d$1 unless he keep      
,leghorns  or ,m9orcas2 ^! v>ieties n   
be+ good brood]s4 ,conv5i5t  arrangem5ts
 = sett+ h5s 9 l>ge numb]s w be a m     
successful inve/m5t ?an incubators4 ,=  
duck f>ms or ,leghorn egg  f>ms1 or any 
p\ltry bus9ess on a l>ge scale1         
artificial incubation  is a 8necess>y   
evil40    ,! ,c5tral ,hat*]y1 only n[   
be+ e/abli%$ "h1 al?\gh 9  use 9 ,egypt 

= c5turies1 promises to solve ?is       
difficulty4 ,!  advantage ( c5traliz+ ! 
hat*+ is t x admits ( bett]  me?ods ?an 
are available on a small scale1 & also  
all[s "o man  to devote 8 entire en]gies
 to ?is feature4 ,su* hat*]ies may  be  
h&l$ ei!r by private individuals1 or1 z 
9 ! case ( !  cream]ies1 may be         
co-op]ative in/itutions run = ! good ( !
  :ole community4    ,a cont9u\s h\se c 
be built ) small comp>tm5ts = ea* flock1
  & sep>ate runs = summ] use1 ?\gh !    
colony plan is pref]r$  by "s1 & has its
 advantages1 among !m be+ ! fact t !    
flocks are m widely sep>at$1 s !re is   
less dang] ( any  disease spread+2 & if 
any p>ticul> h\se becomes infect$1 x c  
be cleans$ )\t di/urb+ ! :ole plant4    
,! colony plan requires consid]able less
 exp5se 9 h\s+ & o!r  equipm5t ?an !    
y>d$ plan4 ,! exp5se = food is also     
decreas$1  because ( ! great] numb] (   
insects & gre5 food t ! h5s  get f !    
range4    ,! foll[+ plan ( p\ltry keep+ 
is1 p]haps1 ! simple/ kn[n1  & = t      

reason1 ! mo/ successful4 ,by           
8successful0 ,i d n  necess>ily mean !  
mo/ pr(itable1 b ! sure/ ( pay+ a       
reasonable pr(it4 ,! plan is t ( us+    
inexp5sive colony h\ses1  :i* are locat$
 9 a l>ge y>d or small field4 ,^! h\ses 
are  built v light2 !y are floorless1 & 
are mov$ frequ5tly1 ei!r  by team or by 
a pole-pry4 ,by ?is me?od ! dropp+s are 
di/ribut$  directly on ! soil )\t !     
usual labori\s "w ( scrap+ !            
dropp+-bo>ds4    ,9 ! p\ltry field "s   
gre5 crop is kept gr[+ z mu* ( !  ye> z 
possible4 ,z a g5]al rule a crop _c get 
a />t 9 a  p\ltry range1 & s a plan (   
rotat+ ! *ick5s 9 two or m  fields1 is  
desirable4 ,no m pr(itable comb9ation ( 
8small0 f>m+  c be f\nd ?an t ( rotat+  
p\ltry ) ! leafy vegetables  7lettuce1  
sp9a*1 cabbage1 etc47 :i* utilize to !  
greate/  advantage ! ri*1 nitrog5\s     
manure4 ,"u ?is sy/em1 ! h5s  are f$    
gra91 *iefly corn1 & beef scrap 9       
hopp]s1 & wat]  is suppli$ 9 ! simple/  
way possible1 pref]ably f a runn+       

brook4 ,! *ief po9t to be kept 9 m9d is 
to cut d[n ! numb] (  necess>y visits to
 ! p\ltry h\ses1 ?us r$uc+ ! labor co/4 
,! cu/om ( rais+ *ick5s on fre% gr\nd e 
ye> is ( value  to ! f>m1 b ! "o        
disadvantage has always be5 ! exp5se (  
f5c+4 ,9 a rec5t issue ! ,rural ,new    
,york] told ( ! plan (  "o wide-awake   
*ick5 rais] :i* c be foll[$ by anybody4 
,8  plan is to s[ sunfl[] se$ ) a drill1
 at ! e>lie/ possible  mom5t 9 ! spot   
:]e y wi% ! f5ce to be2 !n drive /akes  
at  int]vals along ! r[ & /ret* two-foot
 *ick5 wire ov] !m4  ,ev5 ! wire w      
conf9e ! *icks :5 !y are small1 & by !  
"t !y h gr[n big en\gh to get ov] t1 !  
sunfl[]s h  gr[n up & made a            
8*ick5-tight0 comb9ation4 ,h5s are too  
/upid to  ?9k ( fly+ ov] su* a b>ri]1   
yet ! p\ltry rais] c come  & g z if !re 
0 no b>ri]4    ,?is is n only a *eap    
f5ce1 b x af=ds ! necess>y %ade =  !    
f[ls 9 hot wea!r4 ,!y lie ab\t among !  
/alks scrat*+  9 ! cool e>? & gett+ a   
dirt ba? at any "t 9 ! day4 ,!n  late 9 

! season ! sunfl[] heads are cut d[n & !
 pullets d  ! h>ve/+ ( t crop 9 %ort    
ord]4 ,no o!r v>iety ( f5ce  c be us$ = 
food :5 its usefulness z a b>ri] is pa/4
 ,y  c\ld easily put up ?is sort ( a    
f5ce y\rself1 & z ! sunfl[]  is a v h>dy
 plant1 y might ev5 try s[+ ! se$ 9 !   
fall1  s z to get an e>ly />t 9 f5ce    
build+ 9 ! spr+4    ,y mu/ be will+ to  
give y\r "t & att5tion if y are to      
succe$4 ,"o man :o has _h a good deal ( 
exp]i5ce writes me  ab\t ! new me?od (  
*ick5 rais+ z foll[s3--8,no d\bt x is  a
 valuable contribution to ! subject (   
int5sive cultivation (  p\ltry4 ,x      
involves1 h[ev]1 ! mo/ int5sive &       
p]si/5t labor1  to :i* v few m5 are     
will+ to subject !mselves1 & ,i am  "o (
 t class4 ,i h _h en\gh4 ,/ill1 ,i ne$ m
 income1 &  ,i am ?9k+1 j a little1 (   
,indian ,runn] ducks1 :i* dem&  *eap]   
build+s & less c>e ?an *ick5s4 ,yet ,i  
_c raise mu*  en?usiasm on ! subject1 & 
,i %r9k f ! con/ant att5tion to  details
 :i* ev5 !y require40    ,b ev5 if y are

 n prep>$ to raise f[ls aft] ?is fa%ion1
  !re is no reason :y y %\ld n keep a   
few h5s & raise a  few *ick5s = y\r own 
family use4 ,if y hat* 9 incubators1    
use eggs t are laid ! day y put !m to   
hat*1 & ) good  managem5t practically   
all ( !m w produce vigor\s *ick5s t  c  
be induc$ to lay e>ly1 if pullets1 & c  
be f$ = m>ket1 if  cock]els4    ,eggs   
are m pr(itable ?an *ick5s1 especially  
if y c produce  !m out ( season1 & ?is  
dep5ds ^u ! "t ( hat*+1 !  fe$ & c>e4 ,a
 flock ( #be f[ls w produce eggs &      
*ick5s  en\gh to add a tidy sum to !    
income1 if y fe$ & h\se !m  "r4 ,& !    
fe$+ ne$ n be mu* ( an exp5se1 if y save
 !  table scraps & give corn1 cabbage & 
o!r gre5 /uffs1 buy+  :atev] :eat & oats
 y c't raise4 ,9 w9t]1 *ange _!  dr9k+  
wat] frequ5tly & see t x is slightly    
w>m$4 ,if y  _c provide runn+ wat]1 !n y
 mu/ give !m clean wat] _m  times a day 
all ! ye> ar\nd4    ,z a matt] ( fact1 !
 am\nt ( ef=t exp5d$ is pretty closely  
relat$ to ! pr(its to be d]iv$4 ,:e!r y 

raise h5s1 ducks1  geese1 squabs1 or any
 ( ! _m animals n[ rais$ = pr(it on !   
home acre1 y mu/ /udy _! ne$s j z y mu/ 
/udy plant  ne$s1 if y are to succe$4   
,only by ! use ( intellig5ce c y  expect
 to reap pr(its1 & to natural           
intellig5ce mu/ be add$  /udy4 ,a man   
c\ld n expect to be a successful tea*] (
 ma!matics  unless he _h /udi$ all !    
au?orities 9 8 special l9e1 & kept      
himself 9 t\* ) all ! new !ories z !y 7 
advanc$4 ,s x  is ) ! f>m]4 ,if he does 
n read ! pap]s t deal especially  ) 8   
call+1 he _c keep 9 t\* ) ! improvem5ts 
&  discov]ies con/antly made 9 8 l9e4   
,he %\ld take 9 at lea/ two  /&>d       
agricultural pap]s4 ,9 a community :]e  
!re is no public  libr>y1 ! f>m]s might 
agree among !mselves to take "o or m    
diff]5t pap]s ea*1 & !n ex*ange4 ,9 ?is 
way !y c\ld keep  9 t\* ) all1 at !     
exp5se ( only "o or two4    ,x w n be   
wor? :ile = anybody to take up ?is "w ) 
any  hope ( success1 :o expects to g at 
x ) 8a lick & a promise0  idea4 ,x is   

only by ?or\gh1 c>eful1 intellig5t &    
p]si/5t  ef=t t any?+ wor? :ile c be    
accompli%$4 ,= ! p]son  :o w und]take ! 
task 9 t way1 !re is an opportunity2 b  
he w ne$ to h pati5ce & "s money :ile   
gett+ />t$ &  le>n+ ! bus9ess4 ,by all  
means1 />t 9 a small way1 & f9d out  a  
lot ( ?+s :i* only exp]i5ce c tea* y2   
aft] t y c  gradually increase y\r plant
 ) comp>ative safety4      ,,footnotes3 
#aa ,,note4--,?is *apt] has be5         
specially revis$ by ,milo ,m4  ,ha/+s1 !
 au?or ( a new & ?or\gh "w1 8,! ,doll>  
,h540 ,mr4  ,ha/+s 0 =m]ly ! comm]cial  
p\ltry exp]t ( ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4 (         
,agriculture4    ,x w be impossible 9 ! 
brief space available to g into detail  
conc]n+ all ! up-to-date me?ods ( p\ltry
 production4 ,i c only  call att5tion to
 ! sy/em by :i* ! indu/ry is be+        
mod]niz$  & by :i*1 also1 x may be made 
to yield h&some pr(its to !  intellig5t 
& aggressive p\ltryman4    #ab          
,,note4--,^! sy/ems mean small numb]s   
toge!r4 ,a few eggs 9  ! incubator2 a   

few *icks 9 a brood]2 a few y\ng/]s 9 a 
colony  coop2 a few lay]s 9 a small     
h\se4 ,! ,philo p\ltry plant cov]s #dj  
#dj feet4                               
,,*apt] ,,xxxii4                        
,,organization4      ,we he> a great    
deal ab\t ! f>m] wak+ up to ! fact t 8  
call+ is a bus9ess t mu/ be conduct$ ^u 
bus9ess pr9ciples1  if x is to pay4     
,anybody :o kn[s any?+ ab\t ! f>m+      
me?ods1  or lack ( me?ods1 ( ! pa/1 w   
recognize t ?is awak5+ has  n come a    
mom5t too soon4 ,nei!r is ! f>m] wide   
en\gh awake  ev5 yet4 ,b ! feel+ is     
gr[+1 & mu* ( ! cr$it is due to  ! f>m  
pap]s1 ! agricultural colleges & !      
writ]s ( books on  f>m+ & g>d5+ on a    
small scale4    ,some:]e1 hidd5 9 ! he>t
 ( almo/ e man1 is a long+ to own  a bit
 ( l& & gr[ vegetables or fruits2 & x is
 to ?is man t  ! new ord] ( ?+s means   
mo/4 ,he has _h bus9ess exp]i5ce1 &  w  
naturally apply bus9ess pr9ciples to    
any?+ he takes up4    ,x is n _m ye>s   
s9ce agricultural colleges 7 look$ ^u  )

 amusem5t1 if n ) scorn1 by ! v p :om !y
 7  int5d$ to help4 ,! 8sci5tific0 f>m] 
0 class$ ) t o!r  hopeless be+1 ! 8book 
f>m]40 ,b ! colleges & books kept on    
do+ _! "w1 & ! college-br$ & book-made  
f>m] kept on  do+ wond]ful ?+s ) soils &
 crops1 & n[ !re is sc>cely  a f>m+     
community t does n numb] among its lead+
 memb]s a  f>m] ( "o or bo? sorts4 ,s   
does "t "w *anges4    ,boys :o int5d to 
be f>m]s are n[ s5t to agricultural     
colleges1  & ! wise f>m] takes 9 good   
agricultural pap]s & reads  agricultural
 books4 ,he has organiz$ himself into   
granges & o!r  associations & is fa/    
le>n+ ! value ( co-op]ation4 ,all  ?is  
t5ds to elevate 8 call+1 a call+ :i* is 
naturally m  dignifi$ ?an any o!r1 & to 
make himself & 8 labor ( m  real value  
to himself & to 8 fell[s4    ,b ev5 yet 
!re is too mu* haphaz>d arrangem5t ( !  
f>m]'s  "w1 & = ?is reason he is always 
/ruggl+ & f9d+ little  leisure4 ,x is   
p>tly due to ! lack ( organization 9 8  
"w4 ,if  he has n too mu* l&1 & if e    

mon? has its appo9t$ tasks1  ! f>m] w   
move along f task to task1 ) at lea/ z  
mu*  leisure z 8 city bro!r4 ,s get y\r 
"w mapp$ out1 & att5d to  ?+s z !y ne$  
att5tion1 in/ead ( leav+ a lot ( small  
?+s  to pile up & 9 ! end cause hurry & 
confusion4    ,plan y\r "w & "w y\r     
plan4    ,9 ! mon? ( ,,janu>y prep>e =  
spr+ "w 9 y\r g>d54 ,:e!r  y devote y\r 
plot to vegetables or fruit1 lay x out  
n[ 9 y\r  own m9d or1 bett] /ill1 on    
pap]4 ,get catalogues f se$sm5 :o       
adv]tise4 ,mo/ ( !m get _! catalogues   
out 9 ,janu>y4 ,!y are  bus9ess m5 & "k 
! value ( an e>ly />t4 ,make up y\r m9d 
:at y want to gr[1 be+ sure to plan =   
pl5ty ( ! ?+s y  eat1--& !n select ! ?+s
 y mean to exp]im5t ) dur+  ! com+ ye>4 
,foll[ a well-arrang$ plant+-table1 su* 
z 0  publi%$ 9 ,suburban ,life1 ( ,new  
,york ,city1 9 ,m>*1 #aijh4    ,if y h  
fruit trees on y\r plot1 ?is is a good  
"t to beg9 to  spray !m4 ,if y don't get
 ahead ( insects & diseases1 !y w  soon 
get ahead ( y4 ,if y int5d to d any     

graft+1 secure !  scions n[ & keep !m   
buri$ 9 s& 9 a cold cell>1 or ev5 out  (
 doors1 until ! sap beg9s to rise 9 !   
trees4 ,!n y are ready  to "w )\t loss (
 "t4 ,if !re are holes 9 ! trees1 clean 
!m out & fill ) cem5t4 ,y won't h "t =  
?is 9 !  spr+1 & ! gypsy-mo?1 or "s     
relative ( 81 w select !  hole z a      
ready-made bre$+-place4 ,pa9t all w\nds 
or breaks 9 !  b>k ) good pa9t or t>4   
,on w>m days d ! necess>y prun+4        
,look out = y\r live /ock1 ev5 x if be  
only ! family horse &  c[4 ,!y w s]ve y 
bett] = c>eful att5tion4 ,w>m ! bit on  
cold morn+s be=e putt+ x 9 ! horse's    
m\?1 & look out =  signs ( possible     
too?a*e4 ,he suff]s f t z well z y4 ,h  
him %>p-%od = slipp]y wea!r4 ,if ! b>n  
is cold1 blanket y\r  c[ z well z y\r   
horse1 give h] pl5ty ( w>m b$d+ & see t 
%e & ! horse h salt at h& at all times4 
,don't give ei!r  animal ice-cold wat]  
to dr9k4 ,take ! *ill (f x4 ,a hot ma% w
  n d ei!r ( !m any h>m on a cold day4  
,y l hot food 9  w9t]4    ,look aft] !  

com=t ( y\r p\ltry4 ,du/ !m well =      
insects4  ,give !m fre%1 slightly w>m$  
wat] e few h\rs dur+ ! day4  ,v>y _!    
food some:at & give "s corn &           
meat-scraps4 ,be sure  ! meat is good1 z
 spoil$ scraps lead to disease4 ,see t  
!y h  gre5 food1 & z mu* ex]cise z      
possible2 keep _! h\se clean  & well    
v5tilat$1 b free f draughts4 ,if y are  
go+ to raise  broil]s1 get y\r incubator
 busy1 b x is too e>ly = hat*+  *ick5s =
 lay]s4 ,if y h no incubator1 b mean to 
get "o  lat]1 read up all ab\t !m n[4   
,don't buy bl9dly4    ,get out y\r f5c+ 
/uff1 if y h f5ces to build2 & read up  
all y ne$ to "k ab\t y\r soils & ! value
 ( f]tiliz]s1  etc4 ,don't wait until   
spr+ to "k :at x is be/ to d ) y\r      
plot4 ,le>n t 9 advance1 s t :5 spr+    
comes y may put y\r  k into practice )\t
 delay4           99       99       99  
99       99    ,! same g5]al in/ructions
 hold good = ,,febru>y4 ,give con/ant   
c>e to y\r /ock :e!r _m or few4 ,see t  
y\r tools1 plant]s1  spray]s1 pl[s1     

etc41 are all 9 ord]4 ,_m valuable h\rs 
are lo/  9 g>d5+-"t because ( neglect ( 
?is precaution4 ,repair ^?  t ne$ x &   
are wor? x1 & consult catalogues = ! new
  ma*9]y y mu/ buy1 & buy only ! be/ (  
its k9d4    ,if y are us+ hot-b$s or ev5
 cold-frames1 y c prep>e !m &  beg9 to  
plant "s se$ dur+ ,febru>y1 su* z       
radi%es1 lettuce &  e>ly caulifl[]4     
99       99       99       99       99  
,,m>* is /ill too e>ly = out-door plant+
 9 ! ,nor?1 because if  ! se$s get      
*ill$1 !y w be sl[] 9 gr[? ?an ^? plant$
  lat]2 b well-made hot-b$s are gett+ 9 
_! good "w at ?is  "t4 ,eggplant1       
tomatoes1 e>ly cabbage1 onions1 p>sley1 
pepp]s1  etc41 are all to be />t$ be=e  
?is mon? is out4    ,if ! gr\nd s(t5s up
 s t y c g out on x at all =  work+1 y  
may s[ y\r grass se$ & spr+ oats & b>ley
 t  !y may get ! advantage ( spr+ ra9s &
 be well gr[n be=e !  dry1 hot wea!r    
sets 94 ,y f9d _m f>m]s neglect+ _! /ock
  at ?is "t ( ye>1 b x is bad policy4   
,keep up _! rations4    ,if ! /orms (   

w9t] h /rewn y\r plot ) bran*es ( trees 
& o!r wreckage1 clean x all up2 ! wise/ 
plan is to burn x4  ,clean !            
out-build+s2 sort ov] y\r se$1 & see if 
any insects  h got at !m dur+ w9t]2 te/ 
!m betwe5 moi/ pap]s or  clo?s z        
describ$1 to see :i* are wor? plant+2   
clean out  vegetable b9s1 bury+ all     
decay$ vegetables4 ,be ready to take    
advantage ( ! v fir/ ( ! out-door-plant+
 wea!r4 ,e day  ( prep>ation n[ c\nts = 
?ree 9 results4           99       99   
99       99       99    ,,april is a    
busy mon? 9 f>m & g>d54                 
,prep>ation-tillage is 9  ord]1 if !    
gr\nd is n too moi/4 ,too mu* /ress _c  
be laid  ^u ! importance ( ?or\gh       
prep>ation ( ! soil be=e !  plant+      
beg9s4 ,:at y neglect 9 ?is l9e _c be   
made up lat]  9 ! season1 & y w suff] 9 
field & pocket4 ,be sure t  y\r soil is 
nei!r too wet nor too dry :5 y beg9     
op]ations1 &  :5 y are ?r\gh1 be j z    
sure t x is ?or\ghly pulv]iz$  &        
f]tiliz$1 s t x c reta9 moi/ure & af=d !

 "r b$  = ! t5d] se$s4 ,!n plant all !  
h>dy crops z direct$ 9 !  *apt]s on crop
 rais+ 9 ?is book4    ,get y\r neighbors
 to co-op]ate ) y 9 cle>+ out neglect$  
roadside corn]s & 9 de/roy+ we$s4 ,x w  
pay4 ,all ! crops 9  ! neighborhood w   
pr(it f ?is action4 ,don't turn ! /ock  
out  to fe$ until ! grass has made "s   
gr[?4 ,y don't want ! roots  gnaw$ out4 
99       99       99       99       99  
,ev5 9 ! nor!rnmo/ p>ts ( ! ,new ,engl& 
,/ates1 mu* ( !  out-door plant+ is done
 9 e>ly ,,may & ! re/ a little lat]  9 !
 mon?4 ,n[ is :5 y beg9 to realize !    
value ( hav+  done all y\r prep>ation "w
 e>ly4 ,plant+ potatoes1 peas1 beets1   
cabbages1 turnips1 to say no?+ ( beans1 
corn1 pumpk9s1 squa%es1  cucumb]s1 etc41
 w take all y\r "t e day t is n sp5t  9 
cultivat+ & us+ ! :eel-hoe4 ,besides1   
y\r /rawb]ry b$s  w be ne$+ a good deal 
( att5tion1 & y\r *ick5-run %\ld  h its 
location *ang$ = a:ile4           99    
99       99       99       99    ,!re   
are no idle times = ! intellig5t f>m]1 b

 ! beautiful  mon? ( ,,june is g5]ally !
 busie/4 ,inde$1 x is (t5 s busy  t !   
f>m] does n h "t to "k h[ beautiful x   
is4 ,b y  c h "t4 ,arrange y\r "w2 drive
 x in/ead ( lett+ x drive  y1 & y w be  
surpris$ h[ mu* "t y h to look up & to  
realize t x is a glori\s ?+ j to be     
alive4 ,b ?is _c  be if y h neglect$ y\r
 "w f mon? to mon?4 ,! smell (  rip5+   
/rawb]ries1 ( new-m[n hay fill ! air    
be=e ?is mon?  is gone2 ! sky is !      
blue/1 ! grass ! gre5e/1 ! trees !      
fre%e/ ( any mon? 9 ! ye>4 ,don't lose  
^? delights )\t  hav+ kn[n t !y h come4 
,cultivate y\rself z well z y\r  soil1 &
 life w be bett] wor? ! liv+4           
99       99       99       99       99  
,,july is ! real hay+ mon? 9 ! ,nor!rn  
,/ates4 ,!re are scores  ( ?+s to d4 ,_m
 ( ! fall-crop vegetables are to be s[n 
?is  mon?1 & ! gr\nd mu/ be put 9 good  
condition z soon z !  e>ly crop is (f4  
,b busy z y are1 x is good to take a day
 (f  occasionally & see :at y\r neighbor
 is do+4 ,p]haps he has "s  s*eme by :i*

 he has =c$ 8 crop ahead ( y\rs4 ,if s1 
comp>e  notes & le>n :at y c4           
99       99       99       99       99  
,9 ,new ,engl& !y s[ ! w9t] crop (      
turnips 9 ! e>ly days  ( ,,augu/4 ,be   
c>eful t ! root maggot has n got into ! 
gr\nd  :]e y plant !m1 =1 if he has1 y  
w\ld bett] save y\rself  ! labor (      
plant+ 9 t spot4 ,y want to />ve !      
maggot1 n  to fe$ him4 ,cultivate all   
y\r crops c>efully ?is mon?4 ,p]haps  !y
 didn't get all ! att5tion !y ne$$ dur+ 
hay+1 & z !  wea!r is apt to be pretty  
hot & dry1 y mu/ d all 9 y\r p[]  to    
keep ! moi/ure4 ,!re=e1 good            
ma9t5ance-tillage is 9 ord]4  ,cut d[n !
 we$s on ! roadside t h escap$ y be=e4  
,x is  a co/ly mi/ake to all[ !m to g to
 se$4 ,y w h to "w a  good deal h>d] &  
get less = x next ye> if y let !m g to  
se$ ?is ye>4 8,"o ye>'s se$+ is sev5    
ye>s' we$+40           99       99      
99       99       99    ,if y h fruit   
trees1 ,,septemb] is "o ( ! f9e/ mon?s 9
 !  ye>1 bo? = ! looks ( y\r place1 if x

 has be5 prop]ly kept1  & also = y\r    
pr(its4 ,! e>ly fruit br+s good prices1 
& if  y h %[n =esight 9 plann+ out y\r  
g>d51 y h plant$  "s fruit trees t w pay
 y4 ,h>ve/+ beg9s ?is mon?1 &  y want to
 be sure t ev]y?+ is 9 read9ess4 ,h y\r 
b9s &  cell>s ?or\ghly clean$ & air$1 s 
t !re may be no delay  :5 crops are     
ready to be /or$4           99       99 
99       99       99    ,,octob] calls =
 extra c>e = y\r fruit trees1 because   
fro/s are  to be expect$4 ,w9t] apples  
%\ld be pick$ be=e !y are fully  ripe & 
kept 9 a cool place1 b :]e !y _c freeze4
 ,if y  int5d !m to la/ all w9t] & into 
! spr+1 y %\ld sort &  pack !m c>efully1
 see+ t no bruis$ fruit gets into y\r   
b>rel  or box4 ,"o bruis$ apple 9 a     
b>rel may co/ y half a doz5 or m  ( !   
f9e/4           99       99       99    
99       99    ,al?\gh 9 "s places x may
 be necess>y to beg9 fall pl[+  e>li]   
?an ,,novemb]1 yet1 g5]ally speak+1 ?is 
is ! mon? =  t "w1 & unless fro/s come  
e>ly1 y c pl[ ab\t all ?r\gh  ! mon?4 ,x

 is ! mon? = f9i%+ up ! fall "w & gett+ 
ready = w9t]4 ,!re is no bett] "t =     
ga!r+ up :atev]  rubbi% may h           
accumulat$--all ! v9es & g>d5 wa/e t y  
_c use = pl[+ "u--& mak+ a bonfire ( x4 
,t is a  "w ! boys w delight to help 91 
& if y w save ! actual  burn+ = ev5+1 y 
w make !m extra happy1 & glad to d  "s m
 clean+ up4 ,"w is be/ done 9 ! way t   
br+s !  greate/ am\nt ( pleasure4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,,decemb] has its joys & its "w z well z
 ,june4 ,! /ock are  almo/ always %ut up
 n[ & get only :at y give !m1 ei!r to   
eat or dr9k4 ,be c>eful to keep _!      
tr\ghs scrupul\sly clean1 &             
occasionally fe$ bo? horses & c[s a     
little molasses4 ,to keep !  /able well 
v5tilat$1 take out a w9d[ & fit 9 a     
frame cov]$  ) musl9 or cotton %eet+4   
,?is w help out ! v5tilation &  %ut out 
! draughts4 ,if x is h+$ at ! bottom1 s 
t x c be  op5$ on cle> days1 x w be all 
! bett]4    ,& n[ j a ^w = man's o!r    
fai?ful fri5d1 & ! *ildr5's  gu>dian1 ! 

dog4 ,he feels ! *ange 9 ! wea!r1 too4  
,if he  %\ld beg9 to scrat* 8 e>s or rub
 !m on ! gr\nd1 clean !m  c>efully )    
lukew>m wat] 9 :i* bran has be5 boil$1 &
 add a  little :ite ca/ile soap4 ,:5 y h
 r9s$ & dri$ !m du/ a  little dry boric 
acid into !m4 ,he'll be m com=table & s 
w  y4 ,/oneh5ge or ,y\att 8,on ! ,dog0 w
 tell y all ab\t him4    ,see t y\r f>m+
 tools are all well h\s$ :]e nei!r ra9  
nor  sn[ c get at !m4 ,if y 7 too busy  
to ?or\ghly clean & oil  !m be=e putt+  
!m away1 d x n[4 ,! long w9t] ev5+s w   
af=d y pl5ty ( "t to read up on any     
matt] 9 :i* y are  int]e/$4 ,at ! end ( 
! ye> y w be a/oni%$ to f9d h[  mu* y h 
accompli%$ )\t be+ ru%$ or ov]work$1 j  
because y organiz$ y\r "w & foll[$ a    
def9ite plan4 ,l all  o!r good ?+s1 x   
pays4    ,:5 we are exhau/$ or ru%$1 x  
%[s t ei!r we h be5  do+ ! wrong ?+1 or 
do+ ! ?+ wrong4                         
,,*apt] ,,xxxiii4                       
,a ,,few ,,practical 8,,don',,ts40      
,don't imag9e t y _c d any?+ ) a bit (  

gr\nd4 ,y c4    ,don't run away ) ! idea
 t ! f>m]'s life is all fun or all      
labor4 ,x isn't4 ,x is a mixture ( bo?1 
& fun & labor are equally  heal?ful &   
pr(itable4    ,don't ?9k t break+ up !  
surface soil = an in* or two is  ! same 
z pl[+4 ,x is n4 ,! old prov]b is good  
advice = !  f>m]--8,pl[ deep :ile       
slugg>ds sleep40 ,to pl[ 9 ! fall is to 
less5 y\r spr+ "w by at lea/ a ?ird4    
,spr+ pl[+ is easi]  because ( x1 & ! "w
 ( ! h>r[ is light]4    ,don't begrudge 
manure4 ,all =ms ( life require food4   
,if y want y\r  plants to gr[1 fe$ !m4  
,don't plant t9y1 t5d] se$s 9 h>d1 cold1
 lumpy soil & expect  !m to gr[4 ,!y    
won't4 ,pulv]ize y\r soil1 w>m x ) sun1 
air  & manure2 make a cosy little b$ =  
y\r se$s1 & :ile !y  snuggle into x1 !y 
w be s5d+ out little spr\ts all ! "t  to
 see :at ! re/ ( ! _w is l4 ,j z x is   
good bus9ess  policy to treat y\r hir$  
help z if !y 7 human be+s )  feel+s1    
in/ead ( m]e tireless ma*9es1 s x pays  
to make y\r  se$s com=table4    ,don't  

=get t y\r plants l air1 & t :at !y get 
by _!  /ems & bran*es is n en\gh4 ,!    
roots h to brea!4 ,s keep  ! e>? ab\t !m
 /irr$ some:at1 t ! air may get to !m4  
,don't skimp ! supply ( moi/ure4 ,al?\gh
 y don't want to dr[n  out ! se$s by    
soak+ ! gr\nd1 yet y mu/ s till x t x   
holds all ! moi/ure ! plant ne$s4 ,y f9d
 y\r crav+ = wat]  great] 9 summ] ?an 9 
w9t]1 especially if y are work+ h>d4    
,well1 ! plant is work+ h>d1 if x is    
gr[+4 ,see t x has its  dr9k ( wat]     
always at h&4    ,don't decide to let ! 
we$s on ! roadside gr[1 j because !y    
seem 8ne>] ! o!r fell['s plot0 ?an y\rs4
 ,!re are no 8o!r  fell[s0 9 a matt] (  
?is k9d4 ,x does n take long = ! we$s   
he has to get to y4 ,if he doesn't "k ! 
importance ( clean+  ev5 ! road1 & y d1 
j set him ! example4 ,he'll soon ask y  
:y y did x4 ,aft] t1 he'll probably d 8 
%>e4 ,at any rate  y w h done y\rs4     
,don't try to gr[ m & bett] crops ?an   
y\r neighbor1 j =  ! 8fun ( gett+ ahead 
( him40 ,gr[ !m to prove h[ mu* c be    

done ) y\r facilities1 & to %[ him1 z   
well z y\rself1 h[  mu* m pleasure &    
pr(it he c f9d 9 g>d5+ ?an he has  kn[n 
be=e4 ,next ye> he'll probably %[ y a ?+
 or two4    ,don't ?9k y h to emigrate  
to "s f>-away spot to make a liv+  f !  
e>?4 ,all soil c be made to produce if y
 use bra9s z  well z labor4 ,beg9 :]e y 
are1 no matt] h[ small ! plot4  ,le>n to
 d x 9 little be=e y try x 9 l>ge4 ,if y
 h no  plot :]e y live1 try to get ! use
 ( a vacant lot 9 y\r t[n  or city4 ,put
 up a t5t & live 9 x4 ,y & y\r family w 
be !  bett] = r\gh+ x a bit4 ,!re's lots
 ( fun 9 camp+ if y g  ab\t x 9 ! "r _s4
    ,don't be afraid to ask advice f !  
,dep>tm5t ( ,agriculture4 ,!y  are      
conduct+ _! exp]im5ts = y\r sake1 if t's
 ! sort (  k y want4 ,if x 7 n = y &    
?\s&s l y1 !y  w\ld n ne$ to discov] s  
_m ( ,nature's secrets4 ,get ! b5efit  (
 _! discov]ies4    ,don't ?9k y c f>m   
)\t prop] tools1 any m ?an a man  c\ld  
pr9t a pap] )\t a pr9t+ press4 ,!       
old-fa%ion$1 small  h&-press1 w\ld /& a 

poor %[ beside ! new p[] presses4 ,s  ) 
old-fa%ion$1 h&-g>d5+ tools4 ,y c d m "w
 ) a  :eel-hoe ?an ) t5 h&-hoes1 & x    
isn't s pa9ful ei!r4 ,get  only ! tools 
y ne$1 b be sure to get !m1 & get ! be/ 
(  _! k9d4    ,don't let y\r tools /&   
out 9 all wea!rs1 & don't =get to  clean
 !m & see t !y are oil$4 ,a dirty f>m   
implem5t may mean  ! spread ( disease2  
unoil$ be>+s may mean injury f ru/ or   
breakage4 ,save "t & exp5se by a little 
c>e4    ,don't expect eggs f dirty or   
ill-f$ f[ls4 ,! natural returns f  su*  
conditions are v]m9 & sickness2 & y'll  
get !m4    ,don't expect to take ev]y?+ 
out ( ! soil & put no?+ back4  ,! soil  
is l a bank acc\nt1 s long z y keep add+
 to x1 y  may draw f x4 ,b if x is all  
8draw0 & no 8add10 !n y w  soon come to 
! end ( y\r res\rces4 ,fe$ y\r soil & x 
w fe$  y4    ,don't plant poor se$4 ,y  
c't af=d x4 ,! be/ is *eape/4 ,if  y h  
poor se$ on h&1 ?r[ x away--or p]haps x 
might d =  ! *ick5s4 ,no loss c be s    
great z ! loss ( plant+ x4    ,don't    

=get t wom5 are apt to make good g>d5]s1
 because !y  are will+ to 8fuss ov]0    
necess>y small matt]s4 ,if y d n l  to  
att5d con/antly to 8little ?+s10 if y   
8hate details10 y  w be unlikely to make
 a big success ( int5sive culture4 ,!   
man  :o does be/ is ! "o :o loves to    
comp>e soils & f]tiliz]s &  se$s1 & to  
try h[ _m se$s spr\t & h[ long !y take2 
:o is  int]e/$ 9 ! temp]ature ( e       
hot-b$2 :o wat*es = j  ! day to use !   
:eel-hoe on ?is r[ & ! h&-pl[ on t2 :o  
f9ds ! "t only too %ort :ile he sets out
 onion se$l+s2 :o  enjoys putt+ up nice 
bun*es ( vegetables or packages ( fruit4
 ,9  %ort1 ! man or woman ^: int]e/ is 9
 wat*+ ! crops in/ead  ( ! clock1 is !  
"o :o succe$s 9 g>d5 "w4    ,don't      
delude y\rself into ?9k+ t y mu/ h a f9e
 h\se  be=e y c take up g>d5+4 ,a %ack  
is z good z a palace1 &  bett]1 if y c  
af=d ! "o & n ! o!r4 ,any?+ t  c be     
v5tilat$ & made wea!r-pro( w be en\gh4  
,aft] y  h made y\r =tune1 if y h n 9 ! 
meantime le>n$ !  value ( simple liv+1  

build y\r f9e h\se1 & be z spl5didly    
uncom=table z ev5 ! wor/ ,phili/9e c\ld 
desire4 ,b :ile y  are e>n+ y\r =tune1  
be com=table4 ,x pays4    ,don't ?9k y  
mu/ ?r[ up y\r job & ru% into f>m+ = a  
liv+1 unless y h _h "s exp]i5ce1 or h a 
snug little bank  acc\nt to dep5d ^u    
:ile y are le>n+4 ,get y\r exp]i5ce on  
a small piece ( l& fir/1 :ile /ill hold+
 d[n y\r pres5t  job4 ,be sure y l ! "w 
& t y are will+ to give all  necess>y "t
 & att5tion to x4    ,don't ?9k t ?is   
li/ exhau/s all ! 8don'ts10 practical   
or o!rwise4 ,!re are doz5s ( o!rs4 ,b x 
is well to leave  some?+ to ! imag9ation
 & to exp]i5ce4 ,y'll le>n !m =  y\rself
 & rememb] !m bett] = x4 ,nev]!less1 x w
 d no  h>m to atta* ! rules = f>m buy+  
submitt$ to ! ,am]ican  ,jewi%          
,association4 ,!y run z foll[s3         
,don't ?9k ab\t buy+ a f>m if y\r wife  
won't live 9 ! c\ntry4    ,don't believe
 9 ag5ts :5 !y tell y gold-brick /ories4
    ,don't *ase aft] big f>ms4    ,don't
 buy a f>m unless y h money en\gh left  

to buy a c[4    ,don't run too mu* 9    
debt :5 y buy y\r f>m4    ,don't pay a  
deposit on y\r f>m until y h consult$ a 
lawy]4    ,don't =get to insure y\r f>m 
build+s 9 a reliable company4    ,don't 
buy a f>m unless y are able to meet !   
mortgages4    ,don't buy a f>m unless y 
h consult$ ^? :o "k4                    
,app5dix ,i4      ,! isl& ( ,gu]nsey 9 !
 ,engli% ,*annel1 only f f\r to  sev5   
miles long1 & ?ree to f\r miles wide1   
supports a p]man5t  population ( #da1jjj
 & an additional visit+ population ea*  
ye>  ( ab\t #cj1jjj p]sons4 ,only       
#aa1fbc acres are "u cultivation1 b  if 
! glass h\ses & frames 7 plac$ 9 l9e !y 
w\ld ext5d  = tw5ty-eight miles1 or all 
ar\nd ! isl&1 & up ! c5tre =  almo/ its 
entire l5g?1 & w\ld av]age ab\t #aj feet
 9 wid?4 ,!  f>m+ l&s are valu$ at      
twelve hundr$ doll>s 7#abjj7 an acre1 & 
are r5t$ at #aj p] c5t4 ( _! value4 ,!  
exports ( ?is l& 9  fruits1 vegetables1 
fl[]s & cattle1 am\nt to m ?an two &    
?ree-qu>t]s millions 7#b1geb1jjj7       

annually4 ,9 addition to ?is1  ! f>m]s  
produce all t ! #ga1jjj p]sons consume1 
z well z  hay1 oats & =age = horses &   
cattle2 & ab\t #ejj1jjj wor?  ( butt]1  
p\ltry1 eggs1 pork & beef4 ,at a        
cons]vative e/imate1  ! isl& produces   
ab\t f\r & a half millions' 7#d1ejj1jjj7
 wor?  ( f>m & g>d5 /uff ea* ye>1 or a  
little less ?an f\r hundr$  doll>s'     
7#djj7 wor? to ! acre4    ,don't y ?9k  
we ,am]icans1 ) our improv$ ma*9]y &    
intellig5ce1 c get mu* m out ( our      
l&--:5 we try8    ,if ! ,/ate ( ,new    
,york 7 all cultivat$ & populat$ at t   
rate  x w\ld produce ne>ly              
#ae1jjj1jjj1jjj wor? annually & su/a9   
#bcc1fda1dgc p1 or ab\t ?ree times !    
population ( ! entire  ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,s
 we are n go+ to suff] f                
8ov]-population0 or  8paup] labor0 j    
yet4                                    
,app5dix ,,ii4               ,fr5*      
,g>d5+1 & ,o!r ,g>d5+ ,"u ,glass4       
,int5sive cultivation rea*es its climax 
= ! pres5t 9 :at is  call$ ! ,fr5*      

,sy/em1 9 vogue 9 & ab\t ,p>is1 & 9 "s  
p>ts ( ,engl&1 :]e r5ts are s enorm\sly 
high t ev5 an  in* ( space c\nts1 & mu/ 
be made to produce its utmo/4 ,x has  n 
be5 9 favor 9 ?is c\ntry1 because1 s f>1
 ! pressure (  r5t has n compell$ p to  
look s mu* aft] ! in*es4 ,b1  if !      
pres5t l&-t5ure sy/em cont9ues1 !re is  
no tell+ :5  ! ,fr5* sy/em ( cultivation
 w become a necessity4 ,9 its  simple/  
t]ms1 ! ,fr5* sy/em is hot-b$           
cultivation ) p]fect  f]tilization &    
irrigation1 usually )\t artificial heat4
 ,!  secret ( x is--manure1 unlimit$    
quantities ( x1 ( ! f9e/  quality &     
rott$ to ab\t ! condition ( leaf-m\ld4  
,! b$s are  made on ! top ( ! e>?1 !    
f\ndation be+ fre% /able manure  t has  
be5 turn$ sev]al times & ?or\ghly       
sweet5$4 ,cov] an  area suffici5t to    
accommodate ! numb] ( frames y int5d to 
use1  ) great quantities ( manure1 s t  
aft] x has be5 tramp$1  press$ & roll$  
flat1 x w be f #f to #h in*es deep at   
lea/4  ,sometimes x is made two feet    

deep4 ,! frames are !n plac$ on  ?is b$1
 ! manure ext5d+ well beyond !m on e    
side1 & a  di/ance ( #ah in*es is left  
betwe5 ! r[s ( frames4 ,a lay] (  f9e1  
ri*1 d>k soil1 mix$ ) manure t has be5  
rott$ dur+  ! previ\s season1 is !n     
spread on1 to ! dep? ( six in*es1       
press$ d[n & rak$4 ,! b$ is !n ready =  
plant+4 ,g5]ally  f\r crops are gr[n 9  
ea* frame1 radi%1 lettuce1 c>rots &     
caulifl[] be+ ! usual comb9ation4    ,! 
radi%es are s[n fir/1 q ?9ly1 !n a ?9   
lay] (  c>rot se$4 ,^! are cov]$ ) ab\t 
half an in* ( f9e soil  well press$ d[n4
 ,cabbage-lettuce is next set out1 !    
plants be+  plac$ n9e in*es ap>t1 &1 s  
f>1 ?ree crops are gr[+ at !  same "t4  
,! f\r?1 caulifl[]1 is n plant$ until ! 
radi%es  are (f1--9 ab\t ?ree or f\r    
weeks1--! lettuce has be5 cut &  !      
c>rots are %[+ well above ! gr\nd4 ,!n  
?ree or f\r  caulifl[] plants are set 9 
ea* frame betwe5 ! c>rots4    ,b "o ( ! 
mo/ int]e/+ p>ts ( ?is "w is ! gr[+ (  !
 lettuce & caulifl[] plants =           

transplant+ to ! hot-b$  frame4 ,^! are 
gr[n "u 8clo*es0 or bell-%ap$ glasses   
#ag in*es  across ! bottom & #ae in*es  
high1 on a se$-b$ prep>$ j z  ! hot-b$ 0
 prep>$1 except t ! manure f\ndation is 
any:]e  f #ab to #ae in*es deep aft] be+
 press$ d[n4 ,^! b$s are n  cov]$ )     
frames1 b ! clo*es are plac$ on !m 9 two
 r[s1  & )9 ! circles made by !m ! se$  
is s[n4    ,z soon z !y come up1 !y may 
be transplant$ f ! clo*es  to ! hot-b$  
direct1 or !y may be prick$ out "u o!r  
clo*es1 f\r plants to a glass1 usually  
"o ,cos lettuce & ?ree  cabbage-lettuce4
 ,^! are aga9 transplant$ to ! hot-b$   
:]e  ! radi% & c>rot se$ 7 s[n1 & foll[ 
! radi% 9 be+  pick$4 ,lettuce se$ is   
also s[n 9 cold-frames ab\t ! fir/ (    
,octob] & successive s[+s are made until
 ! end ( t mon?4    ,imm$iately aft] !  
lettuces are pick$ ! b$ is wat]$ &      
we$$1 & among ! gr[+ c>rots ! caulifl[] 
is set out4  ,caulifl[] is gr[n "u      
clo*es1 ! se$ be+ s[n z lettuce se$  is1
 "u ! glass or 9 ! op5 se$-b$1 f ,octob]

 to ,novemb]1  & prick$ out "u ! clo*es 
z soon z ! plants are well up4  ,!y c be
 plant$ out 9 ! hot-b$s 9 ,febru>y1 &   
are ready =  m>ket betwe5 ! middle (    
,may & ! fir/ ( ,june4 ,ab\t ,april !   
process ( h>d5+ beg9s1 & by ! end ( t   
mon? ! frames  & sa%es are remov$ & !   
b$s /& 9 ! op54 ,dur+ ! "t  ! crops are 
gr[+ "u glass1 !y ne$ a great deal (    
att5tion1  t nei!r ! sun nor ! fro/ may 
injure !m4 ,= ?is reason  !y are cov]$1 
uncov]$ & recov]$ sev]al times dur+ ea* 
day  ) mats or frames4    ,:5 !         
caulifl[] is (f1 ! b$ is =k$ ov] &      
plant$ )  endive1 sp9a*1 cel]y or o!r   
g>d5 crop4 ,:5 ! season's crop  has be5 
h>ve/$ 9 ,octob]1 ! soil is ga!r$ up 9 a
 great heap1  & ! b$s are topp$ ) decay$
 manure 9 ! leaf-m\ld /ate4  ,?is is !  
be/ ?+ to plant 91 & if "o _h en\gh ( x1
 !  crops c\ld be gr[n on a concrete    
floor2 because 9 su* soil plants  f9d   
all t !y ne$4    ,to br+ x d[n to ! f9e 
po9t1 ! ,fr5* sy/em consi/s (  manure1 m
 manure1 irrigation1 avail+ ( e ray (   

sunlight1 &  unremitt+ c>e4 ,x requires 
?ree ye>s to get ! sy/em 9 good  work+  
ord]1 & "h su* int5sive cultivation     
seems unnecess>y4  ,x %[s :at man w d 9 
! way ( develop+ ! possibilities (      
nature1 :5 by law or cu/om he is deb>r$ 
f free access to !  l&1 & mu/ ne$s make 
a v small portion yield a great return4 
,we are n 9 mu* dang] ( ,mal?us's       
ov]-population1 & !  mu*-talk$-(        
8pressure ( population40 ,:]e s t9y a   
piece ( soil  c be made to support s _m 
& give !m a good liv+1 too1 x is  fooli%
 to argue t ! cause ( pov]ty is f\nd 9 !
 increase (  population4 ,?is c\ntry    
alone c\ld support _m times ! population
  ( ! :ole _w today if natural          
opportunities 7 free4 ,x has  be5 said t
 #hj1jjj1jjj1jjj c\ld !n be m com=tably 
support$  "h ?an #hj1jjj1jjj n[ are4 ,to
 f9d ! cause ( mo/ ( ! pov]ty1  & ev5   
crime1 9 ! _w1 we mu/ look beyond !     
population  /ati/ics to ! re/rictions & 
monopolies t prev5t population  f       
provid+ = its own ne$s f natural s\rces4

 ,& :5 once  y beg9 to inve/igate       
monopolies1 y w f9d ! "m ( !m  all--,l& 
,monopoly4           99       99        
99       99       99    ,a new sa% = use
 9 hot-b$s & cold-frames has be5 plac$  
on our  m>ket )9 a ye> or two1 = :i* its
 mak]s claim _m desirable  ?+s4 ,x seems
 z if _! claims 7 be+ well su/a9$ by !  
exp]i5ce ( ^? us+ ! ,sunlight ,d\ble    
,glass ,sa%1 z x is  call$4 ,! frames   
are made ( r$ cypress & are fitt$ )     
ru/less  spr+s & /ops to hold ! glass 9 
! grooves & ?us d away  ) ! exp5se &    
bo!r ( glaz+4 ,!re is a space ( dead air
  betwe5 ! two lay]s ( glass1 :i* resi/s
 ! cold f )\t1  & prev5ts ! escape (    
heat f )94 ,! sa% are suffici5tly       
air-tight = ord9>y wea!r1 & :5 !        
!rmomet] falls1 !  moi/ure :i* has ga!r$
 betwe5 ! two lay]s ( glass1 freezes  & 
seals ! sa% practically air-tight4    ,!
 mak]s claim t ,sunlight ,d\ble ,glass  
,sa% save m ?an half  ! labor1 worry &  
exp5se ( gr[+ plants 9 cold-frames &    
hot-b$s1 & insure bett] plants1 &1      

!re=e1 bett] crops1 ?an  c be secur$ "u 
! same conditions f s+le-lay] sa%4 ,!y  
d away ) ! necessity ( cov]+ ! frames ) 
mats or bo>ds1  be+ w>m] ?an ! s+le-lay]
 sa% ev5 ?\gh cov]$ ) mats  or bo>ds4   
,frames or b$s fill$ ) half-h>dy plants1
 su* z  lettuce1 cabbage or caulifl[]1  
ne$ no extra cov]+ ev5 9 z]o  wea!r2 & z
 f> nor? z nor!a/]n ,ohio1 ) ! !rmomet] 
ne>ly d[n to z]o1 ev5 tomatoes1 pepp]s &
 eggplants h be5  rais$ )\t additional  
cov]+1 al?\gh ?is may n always be  done4
 ,light is nev] exclud$ f ! gr[+ plants 
by night or day1  & 9 ! %ort w9t] days (
 ?is climate1 !re is "s advantage  to t4
 ,ev5 :5 sn[ & ice lie on ! sa%1 !re is 
"s light  gett+ to ! plants1 & 9 cle>   
wea!r ! heat f ! sun's  rays dur+ ! day 
is /or$ up 9 ! b$ & held by ! d\ble     
glass ) ! air-space betwe54 ,t is :y ev5
 9 z]o wea!r !  half-h>dy plants ne$ no 
extra cov]+4    ,x is q possible t !    
g>d5]s ( ?is c\ntry may make a  sy/em ( 
_! own = int5sive cultivation1 to equal 
& p]haps  excel ! ,fr5* sy/em ) its     

repeat$ cov]+ & uncov]+ (  ! frames4 ,! 
sa% are made 9 ,l\isville1 ,ky4         
,app5dix ,,iii4      ,at ,mayl&s1 ,mr4  
,joseph ,fels' 8colony0 9 ,engl&1 all ! 
l& is  "u int5sive cultivation1 & !     
rules = gett+ ! be/ results  f hot-b$s  
are simple en\gh = anybody to foll[4 ,!y
 emphasize  ! advice giv5 9 ?is book &  
are1 !re=e1 pr9t$ z an  app5dix1 s !y   
may be easily consult$4 ,!y are furni%$ 
by !  sup]9t5d+ g>d5] ( ,mayl&s1 ,mr4   
,?omas ,f4 ,smi?1 ,mayl&s1  ,essex1     
,engl&1 = ?is book1 & are z foll[s3--   
,,g5]al ,,in/ructions ,,to ,,mayl&s     
,,smallhold]s4    8,x is possible to put
 ! frames to a v>iety ( pr(itable uses  
dur+ ! w9t] & spr+1 b "u ! special      
circum/ances (  our community1 & !      
arrangem5t = co-op]ation1 x w be be/  = 
all to foll[ "o plan1 & ! produce c !n  
be h&l$ 9  bulk4 ,to ?is end1 ,i sugge/ 
t ! frames be us$ = radi%es  &          
cabbage-lettuce1 !n cle>$ = prick+ out  
tomato plants2  aft]w>ds1 dur+ ! summ]1 
us$ = cucumb] or melons4    8,dur+ ! la/

 week ( ,septemb]1 prep>e a b$ ( ab\t a 
squ>e  y>d by digg+4 ,break x up f9e2   
cov] x ) two in*es (  prep>$1 sift$1    
well-rott$ manure & soil 9 equal        
proportions4  ,s[ broadca/1 ?9ly1 a few 
in*es ( cabbage-lettuce se$--,watk9     
,simpson's ,e>ly ,fr5* ,gold ,frame w be
 v suitable4 ,cov] )   in* prep>$ soil &
 press ev5ly all ov]4 ,place a wood5    
framework  r\nd ! b$ & cov] ) a sa%4 ,d 
n wat]4 ,if ! sun %9es  brightly 9 !    
middle ( ! day1 cov] ! sa%1 & uncov] z  
soon  z ! sun's p[] is gone4 ,9 #d or #e
 days ! plants w be up1 &  z soon z !y c
 be h&l$ !y mu/ be prick$ (f 9 frames   
/&+ on b$s prep>$ 9 a simil> way to !   
se$-b$1 except  t ! soil inside mu/ come
 half way up ! bo>d4 ,prick !m out #b   
in*es ap>t1 & d n wat]4 ,!y w /& "h dur+
 ! w9t]  & ! "w n[ is to wat* !m        
c>efully1 remove any decay$ ones  or any
 %[+ mildew4 ,if any mildew %[s1 du/ ov]
 lightly once or  twice ) fl[]s (       
sulphur4 ,keep z dry z possible4 ,9 h>d1
 fro/y  wea!r cov] ! frames ) mats1 b   

remove ^! :5ev] possible1  & give air on
 v mild days4    8,t[>ds ! latt] end (  
,janu>y prep>e ! hot-b$s1 by mix+  well 
toge!r equal quantities ( old1 dry      
manure & fre% manure4  ,9 bo? cases ?is 
mu/ be #8long4'#ac ,%ake out ! lumps &  
lay  ! manure d[n to ! dep? ( #ah in*es4
 ,keep level & beat d[n  g5tly ) ! back 
( ! =k4 ,make ! b$s wide en\gh to ext5d 
at lea/ #i in*es beyond ! frames4 ,tread
 ! manure d[n & level  up any holl[s4   
,lay ! frames on /raight & level4 ,fill 
up inside  "o-?ird ! dep? ) simil>      
manure to t us$ = ! b$1 !n  add #b in*es
 or s ( ! prep>$ soil4 ,rake ! soil     
well1 to leave  x level & remove lumps4 
,put on ! sa%es & cov] ) mats4 ,any  (  
?is "w mu/ be f9i%$ ! same day x is     
begun & cov]$ up4  ,?is is ( importance1
 z fro/1 sn[1 or ra9 might set 91 &     
spoil  ! b$4 ,! rema9+ b$s mu/ be made 9
 ! same way1 all jo9+  up s z to =m "o  
entire b$ )\t any spaces betwe54 ,!     
frames  are butt$ toge!r at ! ends1 &   
are set #a foot ap>t betwe5 r[s4        

8,two or ?ree days aft] f9i%+ ! fir/ b$1
 x w beg9 to get  w>m1 :i* may be se5 by
 ! damp inside ! glass4 ,n[ s[ radi%es  
7,fr5* ,breakfa/ ,radi%es--:ite-tipp$7  
?9ly broadca/4 ,cov] !m  up lightly )   
dry prep>$ soil1 well sift$2 press d[n  
ev5ly4  ,set out ! :ole b$ ) lettuces at
 #i 94 ap>t4 ,be=e plant+1  ! lettuces  
mu/ be c>efully exam9$1 all decay$      
leaves remov$1  & d\btful plants        
reject$4 ,use only ! /ronge/ plants4    
,h&le  v t5d]ly1 s z n to bruise !m4    
,cov] ! b$ e night  ) mats4 ,:5 !       
radi%es are up1 give a little air on !  
opposite  side to ! w9d1 b be c>eful n  
to ov]do ?is1 z ! lettuces  ?rive bett] 
) v little air4 ,if any decay$ leaves   
are se5 on  ! lettuces1 remove !m4 ,if !
 heat 9 ! frames slacks1 z may be  se5  
by ! radi%es n mov+ quickly en\gh1 place
 litt]y manure  all r\nd & betwe5 !     
frames up to ! lights4 ,! radi%es w be  
ready = ga!r+ ! f\r? week f s[+1 & %\ld 
be cle>$  (f a b$ )9 #aj or #ab days4   
,:5 !y are all gone1 wat] ! b$  well    

betwe5 ! lettuces ) a f9e #8rose'-nozzle
 hose4 ,*oose a  dull1 mild day = ?is1  
betwe5 #aa & #ab o'clock4 ,! lettuces w 
be ready = m>ket+ five or six weeks aft]
 plant+1 :i* w be  ab\t ! middle ( ,m>*4
    8,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ,m>*1 make up a   
hot-b$ = "o frame ( ?ree  lights or     
sa%es4 ,make x two feet ?ick1 & at lea/ 
a foot beyond  ! frame all r\nd4 ,fill  
up ! inside z be=e1 & pack r\nd         
outside4 ,:5 ! heat is /eady1 s[ !      
tomato se$1 ?9ly1 9 r[s  ab\t #a in*es  
ap>t1 keep+ at lea/  in* betwe5 ! se$s4 
,cov]  & press d[n1 !n scatt] lightly   
all ov]1 a sift+ ( f9e rott$  manure4   
,wat] well1 cov] up1 putt+ mats on4 ,9  
sev5 or eight days  ! se$ %\ld be       
g]m9at$4 ,keep a wat* on x & remove !   
mats  ! mom5t x is se5 to be break+     
?r\gh4 ,wat] g5tly ) a f9e  rose1 us+   
*ill$ wat]4 ,give all ! light possible  
n[1 & wat]  z requir$1 keep+ ! soil j   
nicely moi/4 ,z soon z ! fir/  pair (   
r\gh leaves %[1 beg9 to prick (f2 if !  
prick+ (f is  n comm5c$ e>ly ! plants w 

be gett+ #8drawn' be=e x is  f9i%$4     
8,aft] clean+ ! b$s f :i* ! lettuces 7  
tak51 =k ov]  lightly & add #c in*es m  
soil2 press all d[n v firmly &  prick   
out tomato plants #c in*es ap>t4 ,d n   
wat]4 ,keep close = a  few days until ! 
plants beg9 to move1 & cov] at nights4  
,z !  plants %[ gr[?1 wat] g5tly & give 
air on mild days1 gradually  giv+ m wat]
 & air until ! fir/ week 9 ,may1 :5 !   
lights  may be tak5 (f on all mild1     
g5ial days4 ,by ! middle ( ! mon?  leave
 air on at night1 & ! la/ week ! lights 
may be remov$  altoge!r4 ,! wea!r mu/ be
 c>efully wat*$1 z ,may is a v          
*angeable & trea*]\s mon?2 x is v usual 
= fro/s & cold  wea!r to return ab\t !  
middle ( ! mon?1 & protection mu/ be    
giv5 if necess>y4    8,! gr\nd :]e !    
tomatoes are to be set out1 %\ld h be5  
prep>$ dur+ ! w9t] by digg+ or deep     
pl\gh+2 a mod]ate  dress+ ( natural     
manure %\ld h be5 add$ if ! gr\nd is    
poor1 b ! gr\nd :i* has previ\sly be5   
heavily manur$ &  cropp$ ) vegetables w 

be pref]able1 no manure be+ add$ =  !   
tomatoes4 ,aft] digg+1 give a dress+ (  
basic slag #aj cwt4 to  ! acre4 ,h all  
f9i%$ n lat] ?an end ( ,febru>y4        
8,ab\t ! middle ( ,may1 if ! gr\nd is   
dry1 dress ) sulphate  ( pota% #a       
hundr$weight & sulphate ( iron1 gr\nd   
f9e1   hundr$weight to ! acre1 !n g ov] 
all ) a hoe & *op d[n  all we$s & level 
all holl[s2 d n rake4 ,at ea* end ( ea* 
r[1  :]e x is int5d$ to plant !         
tomatoes1 drive 9 a po9t$ /ake  ( #b by 
#d 94 broadway to ! r[1 at a slight     
angle away4 ,! /ake  %\ld ent] ! gr\nd  
#b ft4 & /& out #a ft4 #i 94 ,!n 9      
direct  l9e ) ! /akes1 at int]vals ( #aj
 ft4 drive 9 /udd+ bo>ds   in*  #b 94   
#b ft4 #f 94 long1 to /& out ( gr\nd #a 
ft4 #i 94  ,! n>r[ way ( ! bo>d %\ld be 
9 ! l9e ( ! r[4 ,n[ fix  #afs gauge     
galvaniz$ wire to ! /ake at "o end1 &   
draw tight &  fix to /ake at ! o!r end4 
,fix wire to top ( /akes by small wire  
/aple4 ,?is %\ld all be done be=e !     
plants are set out4    8,dur+ ! la/ week

 9 ,may & fir/ week 9 ,june1 ! plants   
%\ld  be set out4 ,wat] well 9 ! frame1 
!n g5tly pull ! plants &  place z _m    
upright 9 a basket z x w hold4 ,drop    
ab\t tw5ty  at #ah 94 ap>t2 !n "o p]son 
) a small1 ?9 graft1 or a g>d5  tr[el1  
%\ld ins]t x ab\t #d 94 into ! gr\nd at 
an angle1 &  press upw>ds1 slightly     
rais+ ! soil )\t di/urb+ x4 ,a  second  
p]son %\ld ins]t ! damp roots ( ! plant 
9 ! nick  & tuck !m c>efully to !       
bottom1 into ! damp soil2 remove !  tool
 g5tly & press ! soil firmly on to !    
plant ) ! heel4 ,d  n wat]4 ,i h tri$ _m
 ways ( plant+ tomatoes 9 ! fields1  &  
?is ,i f\nd to be ! be/ me?od :]e l>ge  
numb]s h to be  plant$4 ,:]e only a     
small quantity are be+ h&l$ x is be/ to 
gr[ !m 9 /rawb]ry baskets or pots1 & put
 ! plants out )  ! roots undi/urb$4     
8,9 a week or two1 if ! wea!r is g5ial1 
gr[? w be obs]v$1  & !n a dress+ (      
nitrate ( soda may be giv51 ab\t #b     
hundr$weight to ! acre4 ,x %\ld be cru%$
 f9e & mix$ )  ?ree times its bulk ( dry

 e>? or a%es4 ,at ! end ( ,june !       
plants %\ld be ?or\ghly spray$ )        
/rawsonite4 ,aft] spray+1  x w be "t to 
g ov] ! plants1 & remove all ! side     
%oots1  keep+ ! plants to "o /em only4  
,:5 ! plants h gr[n long  en\gh to rea* 
#f 94 above ! wire1 !y %\ld be aga9     
trimm$ (  %oots & ti$ to ! wire1 re/+ ! 
/em ( ! leaf on ! wire  be=e ty+4 ,leave
 ! tie r slack = expansion ( /em4 ,aft] 
trimm+ & ty+1 spray aga9 ) /rawsonite4  
,?is "w %\ld all  be complet$ by !      
beg9n+ ( ,augu/1 if ! season is suitable
 to  gr[?4 ,if ra9 falls imm$iately aft]
 spray+1 repeat x4    8,! fruit %\ld    
beg9 to %[ color by ! middle ( ,augu/1 b
 ?is  v>ies consid]ably ) ! season & !  
age ( ! plants :5 set  out4    8,z soon 
z ! fruit %[s p9k1 x %\ld be ga!r$ &    
tak5 to  ! pack+ %$4 ,d n ga!r ! fruit  
gre5 if x c be help$1  b wait = a *ange 
( color4 ,^! ga!r+s %\ld be cont9u$  at 
lea/ twice a week s long z ! f9e wea!r  
cont9ues4 ,if !  wea!r *anges to wet    
aft] a long dry spell1 x is v probable t

  _m ( ! fruit w crack1 & !n x is       
advisable to ga!r !  fruit gre51 if q   
fully matur$2 ?is w save !m f crack+4   
,if ! wea!r is cold & dull1 ! plants    
%\ld be spray$ )  ,evans' ,aseptic      
,spray4 ,?is w n leave a /a9 on ! fruit4
 ,aft]  ! second week 9 ,augu/1 ! plants
 may be topp$1 z ?is w help  ! fruits to
 swell1 & fruit sett+ aft] ?is date w   
probably be  useless4 ,keep ! side %oots
 remov$1 & remove & %ort5 bottom  leaves
 to let ! sunlight into ! plants4       
,rememb] ?is3 plants  all[$ to gr[ close
 & cr[d$ are mu* m liable to disease1  &
 spray+ does n ?or\ghly cov] !m2 also   
plants ) _m  %oots make less fruit1 ( a 
small] size1 & take long] to rip52      
!re=e anyone tak+ ! tr\ble to raise     
plants & set !m out1  & neglect+ !m     
aft]w>ds1 is act+ v fooli%ly4           
8,cont9ue to ga!r ! fruits z ready1     
keep+ a %>p look-out aft]  ! end (      
,septemb] = signs ( fro/4 ,:5 ?is is    
fe>$1 ga!r  all ! full-gr[n fruit on !  
plants :e!r gre5 or n--!y w  rip5       

9-doors2 b ex]cise "s judgm5t1 & d n    
ga!r fruit  :i* is n full gr[n4 ,?is may
 color1 b ev5 if x does1 x w  be        
%rivell$ & a bad color1 & w spoil !     
m>ket = bett]  fruit4 ,x is bett] to    
leave ! immature fruit on ! plants1 z  !
 fro/ may pass )\t do+ any mat]ial      
damage1 & !re may  be sev]al weeks m (  
mild wea!r1 :i* w give sev]al m  pick+s 
( full-gr[n gre5 fruit4 ,i h pick$ 9 ?is
 way until !  fir/ week 9 ,novemb]1 "s  
ye>s4    8,! fruit mu/ be grad$ into    
#8be/ smoo?+1' #8small smoo?s1'--:i*    
description does n include v small      
fruits1 b only ^? j too  small = an ev5 
sample1--#8seconds1' & #8?irds4'        
,seconds are good  s\nd fruit1 b include
 all ! mis%ap5 ones4 ,?irds are s\nd    
odds  & ends--x is bett] to avoid !     
grade if possible4 ,! fruit is s5t  to  
m>kets 9 baskets4    8,tomatoes may be  
obta9$ f ! op5 9 ,july by s[+ ! se$ a   
mon? e>li]1 & gr[+ on ) m room 9 pots4  
,if ea* plant has  #i 94 squ>e ( space1 
& is prop]ly att5d$ to1 x w h small     

fruits set :5 plant$ out1 & ripe fruit c
 be ga!r$ 9 ,july4    8,ridge ,cucumb]s4
 ,prep>e a good hot-b$ z = tomato se$1 &
 on  ! la/ day ( ,april1 s[ ! cucumb]   
se$1 two toge!r1 at #a 94  ap>t all ov] 
! b$2 cov] ) soil1 press d[n1 d n wat]1 
close up & cov] ) mats4 ,! se$ w be up 9
 #b or #c days4 ,give  wat]1 pl5ty (    
light1 b no air2 cov] at night4 ,h ready
 a mild  hot-b$--! b$ ! lettuces 7      
remov$ f1 if =k$ ov]1 w  probably d4 ,z 
soon z ! r\gh leaves are %[+1 lift ea*  
pair  ( plants g5tly ) a little soil &  
pot into l>ge #fjs1 bury+ up  to se$    
leaves4 ,wat] z requir$4 ,h>d5 gradually
 by end ( ,may1 &  plant out fir/ week 9
 ,june at #b ft4 ap>t 9 r[s1 & #d ft4   
betwe5  ! r[s4 ,a b$ into :i* a heavy   
dress+ ( manure has be5 dug  dur+ ! w9t]
 w d v well4 ,z soon z set out1 ! plants
  mu/ be protect$ by "s means1 su* z    
plac+ a fl[]-pot at night  ov] ea*      
plant1 or ) pap] cones pegg$ d[n4 ,x is 
also advisable  t hurdles cov]$ ) /raw  
be run d[n e #c or #d r[s to break  !   

w9d4 ,if ! plants are help$ 9 ?is way = 
a week or two1 !y  w repay x lat] on4   
,aft] plant+ !y %\ld be wat]$1 & ?is    
%\ld be repeat$ if ! wea!r cont9ues dry4
 ,be=e !y beg9  to run1 mul* all d[n ea*
 side ( ! r[s ) long /raw /able  manure4
 ,fruit %\ld be ready middle ( ,july4   
8,= us+ ! frames aft] ! above plants h  
be5 remov$1 ,i  recomm5d ,frame         
,cucumb]s4 ,melons w\ld d equally well1 
b are  r m difficult to gr[1 & ,i advise
 cucumb]s = a ye> or  two until         
exp]i5c$4 ,make up a hot-b$ precisely ! 
same z =  ,ridge ,cucumb]s4 ,fill z _m  
#fjs pots z are ne$$ half-full (  prep>$
 soil aft] cov]+ ! dra9age hole ) brok5 
*9a4 ,put  "o se$ ( ,telegraph ,cucumb] 
on ! soil 9 ea* pot1 fill half !  rema9+
 space ) soil & press d[n ) ! bottom ( a
 pot4  ,! soil %\ld be ( a nice dampness
 :5 us$1 z ! se$s are  bett] unwat]$2 ! 
pots1 if new1 %\ld be soak$ 9 wat] be=e 
use4 ,cov] up close & keep mats on until
 se$ is up1 !n only mat  at night4 ,give
 no air1 wat] ) tepid wat] z requir$1   

%ade f  /rong midday sun & keep int]ior 
( frame moi/ by dew+ ov] e>ly  ea*      
morn+4 ,give ! plants room = ! leaves to
 spread4 ,z frames  are empti$ ( !      
tomatoes & ridge cucumb]s1 )\t wait+ =  
all ( !m1 =k !m ov] lightly & raise     
slightly 9 c5tre2 on  ?is m\nd put half 
a bu%el ( prep>$ soil1 :i* %\ld consi/  
ma9ly ( *opp$ sod ) ! grass remov$1 a   
little decay$ manure1  & a little f9ely 
sift$ burnt e>? or old mort> rubbi%4    
,cov]  up close = a day or two = ! sun  
to w>m ! soil1 & !n put  two plants 9 ! 
middle ( ! light1 ab\t #f 94 ap>t4 ,p9* 
out  ! c5tres1 all[+ only "o %oot to gr[
 f ea* plant4 ,^!  %\ld be tak5 f "o    
plant upw>ds & ! o!r d[nw>ds 9 !  frame4
 ,keep ! gr[? ?92 remove old leaves1 "o 
n[ & !n2 avoid  ov]cr[d+2 if ?is seems  
likely1 cut "s ( ! %oots "r out4  ,keep 
! frame moi/1 give pl5ty ( tepid wat]1  
:it5 ab\t half !  glass 9 ! c5tre &     
spla% ! rema9d]4 ,if ^! in/ructions  are
 c>ri$ out1 !re w be an abundance (     
cucumb]s to cut =  m>ket4    8,! frame  

cucumb]s are pack$ 9 flats1 numb]$      
accord+ to size1  b usually #c to #d    
doz4 ,put a little hay at ! bottom1 !n  
cov] )  pap]1 put "o lay] ( fruit v     
c>efully on ?is & a %eet (  pap] ov]1 a 
little m hay1 ano!r %eet ( pap]1 !n a   
lay] (  fruit & s on4 ,?ree lay]s       
g5]ally fill ! flat4    8,ridge cucumb]s
 are g5]ally sold by c\nt or 9 bu%els1 b
 :5  gr[n especially f9e may be s5t 9   
flats z above40      ,,footnotes3    #ac
 ,,note4--8,long0 manure conta9s a good 
deal ( litt] t has n  decay$1 s t !     
manure does n break up into f9e p>ticles
 z  8well-rott$0 manure does4           
,app5dix ,,iv4      ,! ,f>m ,j\rnal =   
,novemb]1 #aijh1 gives ! foll[+ cond5s$ 
li/ ( ! %ort c\rses (f]$ by ! v>i\s     
,/ate ,agricultural  ,colleges3         
,specializ$ k is ! keynote ( mod]n f>m+ 
success4 ,:y    n give y\r boy or girl a
 *ance to acquire "s ( ?is k8    ,9 w9t]
 !re w be a let-d[n ( f>m activity1 & _m
 ( ,our    ,folks c\ld1 if !y tri$1     
att5d "o ( ! %ort agricultural    c\rses

 provid$ free by ne>ly e ,/ate4 ,9 _m   
cases ! only    exp5ses are = bo>d1     
books1 etc41 & ! total co/ ( a few      
weeks' c\rse is ?us v small4 ,_m gr[n   
f>m]s att5d ^!    c\rses2 !re is no age 
or citiz5%ip limit 9 mo/ ,/ates4      ,=
 catalogues & full in=mation write to   
any ( ! addresses    giv51 m5tion+ ?is  
book4 ,= in/ance1 if y live 9 ,alabama1 
direct y\r lett] z foll[s3 8,j4 ,f4     
,dugg>1 ,alabama ,/ate    ,agricultural 
,college1 ,auburn1 ,ala40      ,alabama4
 ,j4 ,f4 ,dugg>1 ,auburn3 ,(f]s a       
n9e-mon? c\rse 9    agriculture1 & a    
two-ye> c\rse4      ,arizona4 ,r4 ,w4   
,clo?i]1 ,tucson3 ,(f]s a two-ye> c\rse 
9    irrigation1 eng9e]+1 f>m managem5t1
 dairy+ & vegetable    g>d5+1 design$   
especially to equip /ud5ts = f>m+ "u    
,arizona conditions4      ,arkansas4    
,john ,n4 ,tillman1 ,fayetteville3 ,%ort
 w9t] c\rse 9    agriculture beg9s fir/ 
,monday 9 ,janu>y1 la/+ two weeks4      
,cali=nia4 ,e4 ,j4 ,wickson1 ,b]keley3  
,five diff]5t %ort c\rses    cov]+      

special bran*es ( f>m+4 ,write =        
p>ticul>s4      ,colorado4 ,b4 ,o4      
,ayleswor?1 ,=t ,coll9s3 ,a %ort        
practical c\rse 9    agriculture &      
dome/ic sci5ce is (f]$ by ?is           
in/itution4      ,connecticut4 ,c4 ,l4  
,bea*1 ,/orrs3 ,dairy & cream]y %ort    
c\rse (    twelve weeks4 ,pomology c\rse
 ( twelve weeks4 ,p\ltry c\rse ( six    
weeks4 ,all c\rses op5 ,tuesday1 ,janu>y
 #e?4 ,a six-week =e/ry    c\rse beg9s  
,novemb] #b;d4      ,delaw>e4 ,h4       
,hayw>d1 ,new>k3 ,(f]s a six-week       
special c\rse1 f    ,janu>y #d? to      
,febru>y #ae?2 & a special 8,f>m]s'     
,week0 f    ,janu>y #d? to #h?1         
inclusive4      ,florida4 ,&rew ,sl$d1  
,ga9esville3 ,a two-ye> c\rse specially 
adapt$ to ! f>m]'s boy4 ,! in/ruction is
 ( an appli$ nature    ) suffici5t      
te*nical rese>* to lead ! /ud5t to "q   
well ! reasons = ! v>i\s f>m op]ations4 
,college mov$ f    ,lake ,city to       
,ga9esville4      ,idaho4 ,h4 ,t4 ,fr5*1
 ,mosc[3 ,%ort c\rses are (f]$ 9 dairy+1

    ext5d+ "o ye>2 & f>m]s' %ort c\rses 
9 dairy+ &    horticulture1 ext5d+ six  
weeks1 beg9n+ ab\t middle ( ,janu>y4    
,ill9ois4 ,eug5e ,dav5port1 ,urbana3    
,(f]s a two-week c\rse 9    agriculture1
 & also 9 h\sehold sci5ce1 beg9n+       
,janu>y #ac?4      ,indiana4 ,j4 ,n4    
,sk9n]1 ,lafayette3 ,f\r c\rses ( eight 
weeks ea*1    beg9n+ ,janu>y #ah?1 z    
foll[s3 ,agriculture & horticulture2    
animal husb&ry2 dairy+2 h\sehold        
economics4      ,kansas4 ,e4 ,r4        
,ni*ols1 ,manhattan3 ,(f]s a t5-week    
f>m]s' %ort    c\rse1 beg9n+ ,janu>y    
#e?2 a t5-week %ort c\rse 9 dairy+1     
beg9n+ ,janu>y #e?4      ,k5tucky4      
,cl>5ce ,w4 ,ma!ws1 ,lex+ton3 ,! college
 is n[    occupy+ its new build+2 (f]s a
 t5-week bus9ess c\rse 9    agriculture1
 beg9n+ ,janu>y #d?4 ,tuition free to   
resid5ts ( !    ,/ate4      ,ma9e4 ,w4  
,d4 ,hurd1 ,orono3 ,(f]s an eight-week  
c\rse 9 dairy+1    f>m crops &          
horticulture2 a special p\ltry c\rse2 & 
a    8,f>m]s' ,week40      ,m>yl&4 ,r4  

,w4 ,silve/]1 ,college ,p>k3 ,t5-week   
c\rse 9    agriculture beg9s ,tuesday1  
,janu>y #e?4 ,t]ms3 ,bo>d1 #dj = :ole   
c\rse2 tuition free4      ,massa*usetts4
 ,j4 ,a4 ,foord1 ,amh]/3 #a1 dairy f>m+2
 #b1    horticulture2 #c1 g5]al         
agriculture2 tuition free2 beg9 fir/    
,w$nesday 9 ,janu>y & cont9ue t5 weeks4 
,bee culture2 beg9s    f\r? ,w$nesday 9 
,may & cont9ues two weeks4              
,mi*igan4 ,r4 ,s4 ,%aw1 ,ea/ ,lans+3    
,eight-week c\rses 9 g5]al              
agriculture1 horticulture1 cream]y &    
*eese mak+1 beg9n+    ,janu>y #e?4 ,no  
*>ge = tuition2 bo>d & lodg+ *eap4      
,m9nesota4 ,e4 ,w4 ,r&all1 ,univ]sity   
,f>m1 ,/4 ,paul3 ,f>m]s' %ort    c\rse  
op5s ,janu>y #ae? & cont9ues f\r weeks4 
,dairy s*ool    op5s ,novemb] #af? &    
cont9ues f\r weeks4      ,nebraska4 ,a4 
,e4 ,davisson1 ,l9coln3 ,! w9t] c\rse   
op5s ,janu>y    #d? & closes ,febru>y   
#bj?4      ,new ,hamp%ire4 ,fr$         
,rasmuss51 ,durham3 ,a t5-week c\rse 9  
dairy+    beg9s ,janu>y #e?4      ,new  

,j]sey4 ,e4 ,b4 ,voorhees1 ,new         
,brunswick3 ,(f]s ?ree %ort    c\rses1  
beg9n+ ,decemb] #a/ & clos+ ,m>* #e?1 z 
foll[s3    ,g5]al agriculture1 dairy    
f>m+1 m>ket g>d5+ & fruit    gr[+4      
,nor? ,c>ol9a4 ,c4 ,l4 ,newman1 ,we/    
,raleigh3 ,! sev5-week c\rse 9          
agriculture beg9s ,janu>y #aa?2 !       
"o-week c\rse 9 agriculture1    ,janu>y 
#d?4      ,nor? ,dakota4 ,j4 ,h4 ,wor/1 
,agricultural ,college ,p4 ,o43 ,w9t]   
%ort    c\rses 9 cook+ & sew+ are (f]$ =
 ! "y ladies4 ,also    w9t] lecture     
c\rses = ! m5 ab\t f>m+1 /ock rais+1    
etc4      ,new ,york4 ,l4 ,h4 ,bailey1  
,i?aca3 ,five w9t] c\rses1 9 g5]al      
agriculture1 9 dairy+1 9 p\ltry husb&ry1
 9 horticulture &    9 home economics4  
,^! c\rses beg9 ,decemb] #h?1 close     
,febru>y    #bd?4 7,see also ,new       
,j]sey47      ,ohio4 ,h4 ,c4 ,price1    
,columbus3 ,(f]s a t5-week c\rse 9      
agriculture1    & a simil> c\rse 9      
dairy+2 bo? beg9 ,janu>y #aa?4 ,also a  
f\r-week c\rse 9 dome/ic sci5ce1 beg9n+ 

,febru>y #a/4      ,oklahoma4 ,j4 ,h4   
,connell1 ,/illwat]3 ,sev]al in/ructive 
%ort    c\rses are (f]$4 ,write =       
p>ticul>s4 ,five hundr$ /ud5ts    att5d$
 ^! c\rses la/ ye>4      ,p5nsylvania4  
,alva ,agee1 ,/ate ,college ,p4 ,o43    
,five w9t] c\rses 9    agriculture1     
beg9n+ ,decemb] #a/ & cont9u+ = twelve  
weeks4    ,write = p>ticul>s4           
,t5nessee4 ,h4 ,a4 ,morgan1 ,knoxville3 
,an excell5t s]ies ( %ort    c\rses are 
plann$ = ! new ye>4 ,write = p>ticul>s4 
,texas4 ,s4 ,e4 ,&rews1 ,college ,/ation
 ,p4 ,o43 ,a two-ye> c\rse 9            
practical f>m "w4 ,s5d = details4       
,utah4 ,regi/r>1 ,agricultural ,college1
 ,logan3 ,(f]s w9t] c\rses    9         
agriculture or =e/ry1 dome/ic arts or   
me*anic arts1 beg9n+    ,janu>y #e?4    
,wa%+ton4 ,e4 ,e4 ,elliott1 ,pullman3   
,(f]s an eight-week c\rse 9    dairy+ & 
a tw5ty-week c\rse 9 agriculture4       
,wiscons94 ,h4 ,l4 ,russell1 ,madison3  
,(f]s a twelve-week dairy c\rse1        
beg9n+ ,novemb] #d?2 a g5]al c\rse      

7f\rte5 weeks71 beg9n+    ,decemb] #e?1 
& a t5-day f>m]s' c\rse1 comm5c+        
,febru>y #bnd4      ,wyom+4 ,j4 ,d4     
,t[>1 ,l>amie3 ,! w9t] c\rse ( eight    
weeks    beg9s ,janu>y #d?4             
,in=mation reg>d+ ! %ort c\rses ( sev]al
 ,/ate colleges  0 n receiv$ 9 "t =     
ins]tion "h1 & s su* ,/ates are         
necess>ily omitt$ f ! =ego+ li/4        
,,transcrib]',s ,,note                  
,illu/rations 9 ?is e,book h be5        
position$ betwe5 p>agraphs4    ,obvi\s  
typographical errors & punctuation      
errors h be5  correct$ aft] c>eful      
comp>ison ) o!r occurr5ces )9 !  text & 
consultation ( ext]nal s\rces4    ,"s   
hyph5s 9 words h be5 sil5tly remov$1 "s 
add$1 :5 a  pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 
! orig9al book4    ,except = ^? *anges  
not$ bel[1 all misspell+s 9 ! text1  &  
inconsi/5t or ar*aic usage1 h be5       
reta9$4          ,pg #aaa3 #8,,leek'    
replac$ by #8,,leeks'4      ,pg #aab3   
#8cultivaiton' replac$ by               
#8cultivation'4      ,pg #bgb3          

#8pr(itble' replac$ by #8pr(itable'4    
,pg #bhb3 #8cions' replac$ by #8scions'4