,,china ,,collecting ,,in ,,america ,,by ,,alice ,,morse ,,earle ,illustration3 ,tea ,pot ,,illustrated ,,charles ,,scribner',s ,,sons ,,new ,,york ,,mcmvi ,copyright1 #ahib1 by ,charles ,scribner's ,sons ,,trow ,,directory ,,printing ,,and ,,bookbinding ,,company ,,new ,,york ,,to ,,the ,,companion ,,of ,,my ,,china ,,hunts ,,my ,,sister ,,frances ,,clary ,,morse ,,contents ,i4 ,,page ,china ,hunting1 #a ,,ii4 ,trencher ,treen and ,pewter ,bright1 #ch ,,iii4 ,early ,use and ,importation of ,china in ,america1 #eb ,,iv4 ,early ,fictile ,art in ,america1 #gj ,v4 ,earliest ,pottery ,wares1 #ajb ,,vi4 ,english ,porcelains in ,america1 #aai ,,vii4 ,liverpool and other ,printed ,ware1 #ace ,,viii4 ,oriental ,china1 #afe ,,ix4 ,the ,cosey ,teapot1 #aif ,x4 ,punch-bowls and ,punches1 #baj ,,xi4 ,george and ,martha ,washington's ,china1 #bbi ,,xii4 ,presidential ,china1 #bdi ,,xiii4 ,designs ,relating to ,washington1 #beg ,,xiv4 ,designs ,relating to ,franklin1 #bgd ,,xv4 ,designs ,relating to ,lafayette1 #bhh ,,xvi4 ,patriotic and ,political ,designs1 #bii ,,xvii4 ,staffordshire ,wares1 #caf ,,xviii4 ,china ,memories1 #cgf ,,xix4 ,china ,collections1 #dji ,index1 #dbe ,,list ,,of ,,illustrations ,,page ,,wedgwood ,,pieces1 #a ,,the ,,plate ,,we ,,hoped ,,to ,,find ,,and ,,the ,,plate ,,we ,,found1 #i ,,millennium ,,plate1 #bd 8,,beach ,,ware10 #bg ,,old ,,worcester ,,in 8,,japan ,,taste10 #bi 8,,the ,,porringers ,,that ,,in ,a ,,row ,,hung ,,high ,,and ,,made ,a ,,glittering ,,show10 #dd ,,winthrop ,,jug1 #ee ,,province ,,house ,,pitcher1 #fe ,,bennington ,,ware1 #ig ,,hound-,,handled ,,pitcher1 #ajj ,,delft ,,tea-,,caddy1 #ajd ,,delft ,,vase1 #ajf ,,fulham ,g4 ,r4 ,,jug1 #ajh ,,sportive ,,innocence ,,pitcher1 #aaa ,,farmer ,,pitcher1 #aaa ,,castleford ,,teapot1 #aag ,,plymouth ,,salt-,,cellar4 ,,bow 8,,goat ,,cream-,,jug10 #aba ,,plymouth ,,coffee-,,pot1 #abc ,,bristol ,,memorial ,,figure1 #abe ,,crown ,,derby ,,covered ,,dish1 #abi ,,an ,,english ,,notion ,,of ,,washington1 #aci ,,masonic ,,pitcher1 #adg ,,lowestoft ,,vase1 #agd ,,helmet ,,creamer1 #agf ,,washington ,,coffee-,,pot1 #agh ,,chinese ,,ewer1 #aij ,,persian ,,vase1 #aib ,,lowestoft ,,teapot1 #bjh ,,bristol ,,pottery ,,teapot1 #bjh ,,bowl ,,given ,,to ,,mrs4 ,,allen ,,jones1 #bba ,,cincinnati ,,bowl1 #bbc ,,cincinnati ,,china1 #bca ,,washington',s ,,niederweiler ,,china1 #bde ,,lincoln ,,china1 #bec ,,grant ,,china1 #bed ,,pitcher ,,portrait1 #bei ,,washington ,,monument ,,pitcher1 #bfb ,,apotheosis ,,pitcher1 #bfe 8,,map0 ,,pitcher1 #bfh ,,niederweiler ,,statuette1 #bge ,,tomb ,,of ,,franklin ,,teapot1 #bhe ,,la ,,grange ,,plate1 #bij ,,cadmus ,,plate1 #bib ,,lafayette ,,landing ,,platter1 #bid ,,proscribed ,,patriots ,,pitcher1 #cjb ,,naval ,,pitcher1 #cji ,,pickle ,,leaf1 #cag ,,philadelphia ,,library ,,plate1 #cai ,,anti-,,slavery ,,plate1 #ccc ,,baltimore ,,ohio ,,railroad ,,plates1 #ccf ,,state-,,house ,,plate1 #cch ,,john ,,hancock',s ,,house1 #cda ,,harvard ,,college ,,plate1 #cdh ,,steamboat ,,plate1 #cej ,,macdonough',s ,,victory ,,plate1 #cea ,,nahant ,,plate1 #ced ,,city ,,hall ,,pitcher1 #cei ,,park ,,theatre ,,plate1 #cfa ,,fairmount ,,park ,,plate1 #cfd ,,pilgrim ,,plate1 #cff ,,capitol ,,plate1 #cgd ,,crown ,,derby ,,plate1 #cgi ,,delft ,,apothecary ,,jars1 #chb ,,copper-,,lustre ,,pitcher1 #chg ,a ,,beaufet1 #dae ,,china ,,steps1 #dai ,illustration3 ,wedgwood ,pieces ,i4 ,,china ,,hunting ,my dearly loved friend1 ,charles ,lamb1 wrote1 in his 8,essays of ,elia10 8,i have an almost feminine partiality for old china4 ,when ,i go to see any great house1 ,i inquire first for the china-closet1 and next for the picture-gallery4 ,i have no repugnance for those little lawless azure-tinted grotesques that1 under the notion of men and women1 float about uncircumscribed by any element1 in that world before perspective--a china teacup40 ,in that partiality for old china ,i humbly join1 and it is of the search through ,new ,england for such dear old china loves1 and of the gathered treasures of those happy china hunts1 that ,i write4 ,china hunting is a true 8midsummer madness40 ,when grass grows green and 8daffodils begin to peer0 my fancy lightly turns to thoughts of china4 ,hot waxes the fever as crawls up the summer sun2 fierce and fiercer rages the passion and the hunt1 till autumn touches with her cold though glorious hand the trees and fields4 ,then doth my madness wane1 and chase grow dull1 and icy winter finds me sane and calm1 till charming spring returns to witch me to 8mine old lunes0 once again4 ,thus is every china captive of that mad summer chase aglow to me with summer suns and beauty--not a dull lifeless clod of moulded painted clay1 but a glorious idealized token of long warm halcyon days too quickly passed1 of 8yesterdays that look backward with a smile40 ,were the possession of old or valuable specimens of porcelain and pottery1 or even of happy memories of 8days of joyance10 the only good things which came from the long hours of country ranging and farm-house searching spent in our china quests1 ,philistines might perhaps scoff at the waste of time and energy2 but much else that is good have ,i found4 ,insight into human nature1 love of my native country1 knowledge of her natural beauties1 acquaintance with her old landmarks and historical localities1 familiarity with her history1 admiration of her noble military and naval heroes1 and study of the ancient manners1 customs1 and traditions of her early inhabitants have all been fostered1 strengthened1 and indeed almost brought into existence by the search after and study of old china4 ,how vague and dull were my school-day history-lesson memories of ,perry1 of ,lawrence1 of ,decatur1 until ,i saw their likenesses on some hideous ,liverpool pitchers6 then ,i read eagerly every word of history1 every old song and ballad about them4 ,how small was my knowledge of old 8table manners0 and table furnishings until ,i discovered1 through my china studies1 how our ancestors ate and served their daily meals6 ,how little ,i knew of the shy romance and the deep-lying though sombre sentiment in ,new ,england country life1 until it was revealed to me in the tradition of many a piece of old china4 ,how entirely powerless was ,i to discover the story of human nature as told in the countenance until my inquiries after old china made me a second ,lavater in regarding the possibilities of successful purchase in case the questioned one chanced to own any old porcelain heirlooms6 ,how few of our noble wood and valley roads had ,i seen until ,i drove through them searching for old farm-houses that might contain some salvage of teacups or teapots6 ,and not only do we learn of ,america through our china hunts1 but of ,england as well2 for nearly all of our old table-ware was ,english1 and the history of the production of ,english china can be traced as easily in ,new ,england as in old ,england4 ,few of the more costly pieces came here1 but humbler specimens show equally well the general progress of the manufacture4 ,let me be just and honest in my tale2 though all is ideal happiness in the hours of the china chase1 the counting of the spoils is sometimes vastly disappointing4 8,as high as we have mounted in delight ,in our dejection do we sink as low40 ,there is no hobby of so uncertain gait1 none other fancy in the pursuit of which one meets with so many rebuffs as in china collecting4 ,i mean in real china collecting by individual search and pursuit1 not in china buying at high prices at a fashionable china-shop4 ,for such ,crsus buyers1 who know not the sweet nor the bitter of true china hunting1 these pages are not written4 ,sad1 sad failures does your china hunter often make1 but there is a blessed delight and pride when a long search is at last successful which rewards him and makes him1 or rather her1 forget the cruel blows of the past1 and makes hope spring eternal in her breast1 undying1 and undimmed4 ,disappointments were few in early china-collecting days in ,america2 friendly farm-wives then gladly brought out their precious and plentiful stores1 and eagerly sold them for silver to buy a new cotton gown or a shell-comb1 and attics and pantries were ransacked and depleted with delight4 ,now can the china hunter drive for days through the country1 asking for old crockery at every house which is surmounted by a gambrel roof1 has a great square chimney1 or an old well-sweep1 without even hearing of one old teapot2 and yet such is the power of china-love1 she will start out again the next week1 cheerful1 hopeful1 and undaunted1 8to fresh woods and pastures new40 ,nor will it always prove clear sailing should she discover the home of the sought-for treasure4 ,she may learn from friendly and loquacious neighbors that 8old ,miss ,halsey0 or 8,john ,slade's widder0 has stores of old crockery in barrels in the attic1 or on the top shelf of the pantry1 or even 8up over the wood-shed10 but she cannot obtain one glimpse of the hidden hoards--far less can she purchase them4 ,we have visited again and again one gray old farm-house in ,massachusetts1 a farm-house with moss-covered 8lean-to10 which we know contains enough old ,english pottery and porcelain to found a museum2 but cajoleries1 flatteries1 persuasions1 open demands1 elaborate explanations1 and assumptions of indignant and hurt astonishment at refusals--one and all are in vain2 not even one old plate have we ever seen4 ,the farmer's wife greets us most cordially1 gives us doughnuts and milk in summer1 and apples and cider in the winter1 maple-sugar in the spring1 and hickory-nuts and butter-nuts in the fall1 but in aggressively modern pitchers and dishes2 and when we leave she urges us hospitably and warmly to 8come again40 ,we know well where her precious china is hidden4 ,high up on either side of the great mantelpieces in 8living-room0 and 8best room0 are cupboards1 so high that one would have to climb upon a chair to see into them2 and from the good wife's frequent and furtive glances--speaking though silent--at her locked cupboard doors1 we know well what treasures are stored therein4 ,at that china-hiding abode we often have concocted for us an old-time country drink1 composed of water flavored with molasses and ginger1 which was in ,revolutionary times called 8beveridge40 ,gallons of that vile fluid have ,i drunk with the hostess1 hoping that the joys of the flowing bowl might loosen her tongue and unlock her cupboard doors1 but ,i have risked my digestion in vain4 ,still ,i sit 8smiling with millions of mischief in the heart10 for life is short1 and ,i am waiting1 wickedly waiting2 the farmer and his wife are old1 very old1 and when they depart from this life they cannot take their keys and crockery with them4 ,more complete and mortifying routs sometimes1 though rarely1 have befallen us4 ,we were driving quietly along one day on the outskirts of the town1 when we saw at the door of a shabby modern house1 a vinegar faced woman1 who sat energetically mixing chicken-dough in one of the most beautiful old blue and white ,nankin bowls that ever was seen4 ,as each blow of the heavy iron spoon came down on the precious antique1 it struck an echoing and keener blow to our china-loving hearts1 and we hastened to ask the owner of the bowl to sell it ere it was broken4 ,sell it8 not she4 ,she didn't know where it came from1 nor who had owned it--and she didn't care1 but she wouldn't sell it for any money2 and if a tin pan was just as good to mix the meal in1 she would use this 8old crockery thing0 if she wanted to2 and she walked into the shabby house1 and 8slammed0 the door before our abashed and sad faces4 ,the thought of that bowl at the mercy of that fierce iron spoon has made us very unhappy2 scores of times have we driven past the house glancing furtively in1 at the wood-shed1 the hen-house1 the kitchen door1 ready almost to steal the poor prisoner if we found it unguarded2 but we do not dare attempt an honest rescue lest we suffer a still more ignominious and mortifying defeat4 ,strange answers are sometimes made to our inquiries and requests2 strange objects presented to our china-searching eyes4 ,in farm-houses1 presided over by deaf old housewives we have had shown to us crackers for crockery1 pitchforks for teapots1 tubs for cups1 and once1 by some strange and incomprehensible twist of the poor deaf ears1 or our own dull tongues1 were cheerfully offered buckwheat flour when we asked to see a ,washington pitcher4 ,we also drove several miles at the sea-shore1 in high spirits and with great expectations1 to see some very old teapots1 8all kinder basket-work10 and were confronted by a strange machine of seafaring appearance1 which proved to be an eel-pot1 and was truly an ancient one4 ,other kindly country souls1 knowing well what we want1 offer us as far more desirable and artistic treasures1 faded samplers1 worsted flowers1 crocheted tidies1 preserved wreaths1 wax fruit1 hair jewelry1 and ,parian busts1 and look at us with commiseration when we cling to our strange idiosyncrasy--our preference for old china4 ,sometimes the kindly intention to guide and help us to our goal is evident and powerful enough1 the desire to inform us is rampant1 but power of expression is lacking1 or even a modicum of memory2 the narrow limits of country vocabulary are painful to witness and the expressions of its poverty are painful to hear1 and suggestions only lead the speaker farther astray in his attempted descriptions4 ,he is also color-blind1 and has vague remembrance of size and nomenclature4 ,he can't describe the china1 he can't date it1 he can't name it1 sometimes--though he vaguely remembers that he has seen it--he can't place it1 he simply knows that somewhere he has seen something that he fancies may be somewhat like what we want2 and too often when we try to follow his vague and jejune clue1 we go upon a 8thankless arrant40 ,we once addressed to an old ,yankee farmer1 who had brought a load of apples into town1 the stereotyped inquiry which we have asked1 ah6 how many hundred times1 and received this drawling answer1 8,no-o ,i donow as ,i know anyone as has got any old furnitoor or chayner she wants ter part with4 ,my wife haint got any anyway4 ,my ,aunt ,rebecca's got one curous old plate and ,i guess she'd sell it--she'd sell her teeth if any-body'd buy 'em an' pay enough ter suit her40 ,we finally extracted from him 7after much parrying of our direct questions7 that1 8she got it in ,washington more'n fifty year ago10 that 8the folks set great store by it1 and said it came from ,mount ,vernon and belonged to ,marthy ,washington10 that it had the names of the ,states around it1 8it was blue and perhaps green too1 and it had stars sure and he guessed they were gilt40 ,now we had seen pieces of the ,martha ,washington tea-set1 and we knew that it was decorated in blue and green with the names of the ,states in the links of a chain1 and the initials ,m4 ,w4 in the centre in a great gilt star4 ,we knew at once that ,aunt ,rebecca's plate must be one of that set4 ,what a discovery6 ,illustration3 ,the ,plate we ,hoped to ,find and the ,plate we ,found4 ,to the benighted and narrow-lived souls who have never hunted for old china it may seem strange that we knew at once that it was one of those rare plates2 but ,i am sure every china hunter1 whose path is always illumined by the brilliant possibilities which form such an encouragement in the pleasures of the china chase1 will fully comprehend our confidence and anticipation4 ,we figured our plate in all the loan collections1 marked with our names in large letters as joint owners2 we planned a velvet silver-bound box to safely hold our 8heavenly jewel0 after we had caught it2 we even hesitatingly thought that we might make our joint will and leave it to the ,mount ,vernon ,association--and then we drove eighteen miles to secure it4 ,i shall never forget the sickening disappointment ,i felt when ,i saw the ,martha ,washington plate4 ,there were the names of the ,states2 and stars there were1 but not a gilt one4 ,and where were the touches of verdant color8 ,all was blue--deeply1 darkly1 vilely blue4 ,at any other time we should have hailed the fine 8,states0 plate which was shown us with keen delight1 but now we could hardly speak or bear to look at it4 ,at last1 in sullen disparagement1 we offered a dollar for it1 had our offer accepted1 carelessly took it1 threw it on the carriage-seat and drove away4 ,i reviled the farmer and his villainous memory and vocabulary1 and would not look at the deep-dyed 8,states0 impostor for a month1 but when ,i heard that a collector had paid twenty dollars for a similar plate in ,new ,york1 ,i unwrapped it and hung it on my dining-room wall1 where it now shines a glowing bit of dark color1 a joy forever4 ,warned by many such dreary mistakes ,i am very shy of having china sent to me through any interest awakened by its description1 and am equally shy of buying by proxy4 8,let every eye negotiate for itself1 ,and trust no agent40 ,i have learned also to listen with attention1 not placing the slightest confidence in what ,i hear1 and yet always to investigate with cheerfulness and alacrity4 ,it is not1 however1 from elaborately detailed and willingly told stories that ,i have had knowledge of my richest 8finds40 ,i have learned to 8take a hint0--a maxim which should be eternally impressed on every china hunter4 ,learn to 8grasp the skirt of happy chance20 let your motto be1 8,semper paratus40 ,let no suggestion of old people or old house-furnishings1 no glimpse of blue color or sprigged surface1 even on a broken sherd of crockery by the wayside1 no hint of distant and out-of-the-way farms1 no prospect of country sales1 of 8,new ,england dinners10 no news of refurnishing old houses1 no accounts of the death of old inhabitants fall on unheeding eye or ear4 ,for myself1 ,i never hear the words 8old china0 but my heart is moved1 more than 8with sound of a trumpet40 ,i breathe the battle afar and hurry to the fray1 to return at times victorious with dainty trophies of war1 and sometimes1 alas1 empty-handed1 with the hanging head of sore disappointment and defeat4 ,sometimes the scent is poor and broken and you must ferret out the way to the lair2 even with much trouble and diligence you cannot always learn at once and definitely the lurking-place of the porcelain treasures2 you meet with reserve and a disinclination to reveal4 ,then comes stratagem to the fore4 ,learn to wheedle1 to hint1 to interrogate slyly1 to blandly let the conversation drift--8muster all wiles with blandished parleys1 feminine assaults1 tongue batteries0--in short1 vulg4 dict41 to 8pump0--and work that pump with judgment1 with craft1 and with thoroughness4 ,moments of quickly repented expansiveness come to all mortals in country and in town1 and in those rare moments of telling all they know1 even reticent and secretive country people will give you many a china clue to follow4 ,i have not found1 as did the members of the ,china ,hunters' ,club1 that country housekeepers would1 as a rule1 rather have money than china2 my country people will not sell their china willingly--they prefer china to silver4 ,times have changed since #ahgf2 a fancied knowledge1 an exaggerated estimate of the value of old 8crockery0 now fills many a country soul1 and a high monetary value is also placed on family relics1 on 8storied urns0 and on the power of association4 ,i will confess that1 as a last resort in times of direst stress1 when you really cannot go without that ,pilgrim plate1 when you positively need it--if you take your money out and lay it on the table in full sight of the plate-owner1 you wield a powerful lever to work the transfer2 nor do ,i consider such a statement at all derogatory to the character of my ,new ,england neighbors1 nor is the trait peculiar to them4 ,but do not make too aggressively prominent the money part of the transaction4 ,be courteous and careful even to extremes in addressing your country people for purposes of china purchase4 ,never ask them to sell their china--sell is a most offensive and brutal word--ask them if they are 8willing to part with it40 ,never hint1 by word or deed1 that you fancy they really need the money4 ,never disparage the desired articles1 the shrewd country wives would see through your pretence at once--8,why1 if it be so commonplace1 do you wish it80 ,a base and deceitful1 though clever1 china hunter of my acquaintance declares that she has found it invariably to her advantage to say that the coveted article matched exactly1 either in shape or decoration1 something which she had at home4 ,the staid country mind1 liking to see things in 8sets10 always appeared to be most immoderately and unaccountably influenced to sell by this disingenuous assertion4 ,we have many times during the past five years crossed the trail of a collector who appears to have wholly depleted of china the old farm-houses of the ,connecticut ,valley4 ,we have found1 through comparing the accounts of his visits1 that he has a little slyness too4 ,he always desires to purchase his particular bit of china simply to form a link in a chain4 ,he either has a specimen of the entire succession of production of a factory except the very piece the farm-wife has1 or he has a perfect list of historical plates except the very plate she owns1 or he has a choice bit of every known color of lustre except her special pitcher4 ,the satisfaction of supplying the long missing link1 and the value that link will give to a history the purchaser is going to write of such china1 seem to prove a powerful lever to effect the transfer to his catenulate collection4 ,the men are1 as a rule1 always willing to sell china--when did man ever reverence the vessels of his household gods8 ,i always delight to ask a ,yankee farmer1 in field or road1 whether he has any old crockery that he would be willing to part with4 ,how he will skurry home 8cross-lots10 over the ploughed fields1 or through the rows of growing corn1 eager to pull out and sell his wife's pantry treasures6 ,not that he can sell them if 8,mother0 isn't willing--in her realm she reigns supreme4 ,even in the midst of my sore disappointment ,i have thrilled with malicious satisfaction and delight to see the calm and authoritative way in which 8,father0 is turned out of the 8butt'ry0 when he tries to pull down from the shelf an old blue bowl or plate to sell4 8,mother0 has kept her cinnamon-sticks and nutmegs for her apple-pies in that 8,blue ,dragon0 bowl for forty years1 and she isn't going to sell it now to please anyone4 ,to hail the farmer in advance with china questions is not1 therefore1 so underhanded and despicable a proceeding as might be thought1 nor so dangerous to the family peace2 he really is a poor1 uninfluential1 unpowered vassal in kitchen and pantry1 his advice is not asked1 his word is not heeded1 nor if he attempt to be at all bumptious will his presence be tolerated4 ,i have found it to be an unvarying rule that the farmer is always willing and eager to sell his wife's mother's china1 while the wife is always openly disparaging1 and cares little for his mother's china2 and when once the source of inheritance is discovered1 the rule of action and plan of attack are plainly defined4 ,it may be argued that it is neither very courteous nor very kind to walk into a stranger's house and ask him to sell you his household goods and chattels4 ,to such argument may be offered the reply that one can hardly judge a farm home by the same rule as one does a city home4 ,the visit of a stranger is regarded with widely different eyes2 it is a pleasure1 a treat1 to most farm-wives to receive such a visit1 and the farmer will come plodding home from the distant fields1 in order not to lose the chat with the stranger and the pleasant diversion4 ,who would attempt to enter and to lodge over night in a stranger's house in the city8 ,a police-station or a lunatic asylum would probably quickly shelter your intruding head4 ,there is hardly a farm-house where such a suggestion would be unwelcome or resented1 provided you look not like a bandit or horse-thief4 ,then1 too1 farmers and even farm-wives do not generally regard their old furniture and furnishings with quite the same feeling that we do ours4 ,the old blue ,staffordshire ware they consider almost worthless1 and are often glad to sell it for ready cash2 but their lilac-sprigged china1 a wedding gift or a purchase with their few hard-earned dollars1 they often value and cherish as we do ,svres4 ,a farmer handles very little money--his wife still less1 and ofttimes the money paid by china hunters is a godsend in country homes4 ,much good is done1 much comfort conferred by exchanging money for crockery4 ,carpers say3 8,but you do not pay city prices40 ,sometimes1 alas1 we do1 fired by our china mania1 8the insane root that takes the reason prisoner10 though we never should4 ,the farmer does not pay city rents1 he has not the risk and expense of transfer to the city1 he pays no salesman4 ,if he could sell all his farm products as easily1 profitably1 and safely as he sells his china1 lucky would he be4 ,sometimes the discovery that the 8old blue pie-plates0 are of any value is a delight and a surprise to him1 but he sees at once that when they are worth so much he cannot afford to keep them4 ,hence he is far from being offended at the easy means of sale offered to him4 ,one piece of advice ,i give to china hunters--advice1 the wisdom and advantage of which ,i have learned at the cost of much unpleasant and disappointing experience4 ,do not hurry prospective china sellers3 bustling city ways annoy them1 fluster them1 and worry them1 and in sheer bewilderment they say 8,no0 to get rid of you4 ,be tentative and gentle in your approach4 ,do not--as we did--rush in upon a deaf and timid old lady and frighten her1 by the bouncing and bustling inquiries we made1 into vehement denials of china-possession and simultaneous refusals to sell anything4 ,this dear old 8,aunt ,dolly0 lived in the sole new house in a village of old colonial dwellings1 and we rather contemptuously thought to pass by the brand-new ,french roofed intruder1 but decided 8just to ask0--and 8just to ask0 and receive a frightened negative answer was all we did do1 and we left with self-important assurance1 to hunt elsewhere4 ,a tin-peddler 7a 8china runner0 perhaps in disguise71 with quieter voice and more truly well-bred manners1 carried off her rare treasures about a week later--a canopy-topped mirror with ,washington and ,franklin mirror-knobs1 a 8,boston ,state-,house0 pitcher1 four 8,valentine0 plates having ,wilkie's design1 half a dozen ,staffordshire plates with the 8cottage0 pattern1 and two ,wedgwood teapots2 and ,aunt ,dolly took as payment two shining new tin milk-pans and a cheap wringing-machine that wouldn't wring4 ,we knew her well in after years when it was too late1 and she confessed to us that at our first meeting we talked so fast1 and talked together1 and 8hollered so she couldn't hear10 and that she did not understand what we meant or what we wanted1 and said 8,no0 to obtain peace4 ,and oh6 what an enviable advantage the ubiquitous tin-peddler1 that 8licensed vagrom10 has over every convention-trammelled china hunter6 ,what a delight1 what a dream it would be to go a-china hunting with a tin-peddler's cart2 what lonely out-of-the-way roads and by-lanes ,i would take1 careless where ,i went1 since wherever ,i wandered ,i should be welcome4 ,how ,i would sit on my lofty seat and view the lovely country o'er1 in the 8sessions of sweet1 silent thought10 with my strong and willing and safe horse to pull me up hill and down dale2 with my stock of shining tin-ware1 my brooms and notions and gaily painted pails1 all ready for advantageous exchange2 with my big1 red1 roomy wagon1 in whose mysterious cavernous interior ,i could store in safety unwieldy china treasures1 such as tureens and bowls and pitchers2 with my air of ready assurance1 of intimate familiarity with the family1 my jovial raillery1 my opportunities of kitchen and pantry investigation1 my anxious health inquiries and profound medical advice1 backed up by bottles of patent medicines which ,i should sell at half-price to curry favor and china2 or1 better still1 exchange1 giving a bottle of liniment for a 8,landing of ,lafayette10 or a box of pills for a ,pilgrim plate--oh6 next to being a gipsy living under the greenwood tree1 who would not be a ,yankee tin-peddler a-china hunting8 ,but perhaps the farm-wife might wish me to take in exchange for my wares1 eggs1 or butter1 or rolls of wool--what should ,i do with a pail of butter in summer-time on a tin-peddler's cart8 ,or1 worse still1 old rags--just fancy it--instead of old china6 ,i should then answer her with an air of deep and sombre mystery3 8,madam1 ,i would gladly take your readily exchangeable merchandise an' ,i could2 the old rags are particularly desirable and attractive1 but ,i have sworn a vow--,i have a secret which ,i cannot now divulge--it must be crockery or naught1 especially dark blue crockery with ,american designs1 else ,i and my glittering and uncommonly cheap wares must pass wearily on1 homeless1 chinaless1 a wanderer on the face of the earth40 ,alack-a-day6 such happy peaceful joys are forbidden to me1 not because of lack of inclination or capacity1 but--thrice bitter thought--because ,i am a woman4 ,tin-peddlering is not for me1 it is not 8woman's sphere40 ,perhaps when ,i am old1 too old to clamber up and proudly sit on that exalted driver's seat 7though never too old to go china hunting71 perhaps when women have crowded into every other profession1 calling1 and business in the land1 some happy1 bold feminine soul will taste the pleasures of 8advanced life for women10 the pleasures forbidden to me1 and dare to go tin-peddlering1 though there will then be no old china left in the country to buy4 ,though ,i have never been china hunting with a tin-peddler ,i have been on the trail with a ,yankee china dealer1 and his unique method of management was delightful4 ,he worked upon the most secretive1 the most furtive plan4 ,he never would have shared with us his coverts nor taken us to his haunts1 save for this reason3 he had run down a noble prey1 an entire set of fine old ,english ware1 and to his dismay the owner refused to let him enter the house4 ,again and again had he essayed to come to some terms1 even to see the china1 but without success4 ,he felt sure1 however1 that if any woman asked she would not plead in vain1 hence his divulgement as a favor to us4 ,we made several stops at farm-houses on the road to our goal1 and his way of carrying on his business of china buying deserves to be told as a matter of interest and instruction to amateur china hunters1 for he was a professional1 a star4 ,he never1 by any chance1 told the truth about himself1 and above all never gave his correct name and place of residence1 nor drove away from the house in the way he really intended to go4 ,he represented himself as an adopted son1 this seeming to be more mysterious than ordinary family conditions2 never gave twice alike the name of his adopted father1 but had a series of noble parents1 the most prominent and influential men in the country around4 ,the reasons he assigned for wishing to buy the china were so ingenious and so novel that we listened to him in delight and amazement1 and with keen anticipation as to what he would next invent2 the glamour of romance was added to the delightful madness of china hunting4 ,he was at one farm-house a tender-hearted1 indulgent husband1 whose delicate invalid of a wife had expressed a wish for a set of old china and he was willing to spend days of search in order to satisfy her whim4 ,it is needless to add that he was a bachelor4 ,at another time his adopted father was losing his mind and would eat off nothing but old-fashioned china2 hence he was hunting to find a set to carry dutifully home4 ,again he was fitting out a missionary-box for the ,western wilds1 and wanted to buy a little old-fashioned crockery to send out to the minister to remind him of his ,new ,england home4 ,at the next door he assumed an air of solemnity and dignity and announced that he was founding a museum1 and was forming a collection of old ,new ,england house-furnishings as a nucleus4 ,at another place he swelled with paternal kindliness1 and wanted to get a few plates to give to his three little children to show them the kind of crockery he used to eat from at his grandfather's4 ,once he boldly announced that he was a china-manufacturer and was dissatisfied with the quality of his ware and wanted some old china to grind up and thus learn the correct ingredients4 ,then he was collecting china for the ,columbian ,exhibition4 ,at another door his wife turned into an accomplished china-painter who wanted these plates for patterns4 ,he curried warm favor and won much china at one house by stating that his mother's china set had been badly broken by her daughter-in-law and he wished to replace the broken pieces4 ,an aged couple who were living with their son and his wife were easy victims to this specious invention4 ,he bargained for hay1 for potatoes1 for a whole farm2 we seemed at one time in imminent danger of being forced to buy a cow and to depart leading her behind the wagon4 ,let me be just to this inventive soul2 his dishonesty lay in words only4 ,he paid good prices for all the china he bought1 neither undervalued nor disparaged it2 and showed a thoughtful kindliness toward the dwellers in every house he visited4 ,after a prolonged stay within one shabby kitchen he appeared with two little copper-lustre saucers which he rather shamefacedly acknowledged having paid two dollars for4 ,we extracted from him that he had found a bed-ridden old woman alone1 shivering1 thirsty2 that he had built a fire for her1 pumped water1 and paid for her only pieces of old china double their value because he pitied her so4 ,we suggested at one house that he should say plainly that he was a dealer and wanted to buy the china to sell4 ,he scorned our dull1 commonplace suggestion1 and said it wouldn't be any fun1 and that they wouldn't let him within their doors4 8,half the places ,i go to anyway they look out the window afore they answer me to see if ,i aint got a sewing-machine in the wagon1 and if they don't see any1 then they think ,i must have a cyclopedy40 ,china hunting was to him the romance of his life1 his tournament1 his battle-field4 ,he told us of several narrow escapes he had had from detection1 and exposure of his fables4 ,in addition to vending old china1 he sold old junk and farming tools2 and thrice farmers of whom he had bought china recognized him within his own doors4 ,but with the active imagination of a ,dumas1 he had an instant explanation4 ,he had either just gone into the business1 or else they were mistaken3 he had a twin brother who had been adopted1 etc4 ,he developed to us a plan of action which we were to pursue at the special farm-house that contained the set of china4 ,he would stop at the foot of the hill and lurk out of sight while we climbed to the door4 ,then we were to represent ourselves as relatives of the ,republican candidate for ,governor1 as it was within a week of election and the farmer was a ,republican4 ,we were to tell little anecdotes of the candidate's private life1 to hint that it was to please the ,governor-elect that we wished this china1 and that it would be used in the gubernatorial mansion in ,boston4 ,he told us exactly how we were to work up the conversation and lead up to the purchase1 what to pay and what to offer at first4 ,all was well and carefully arranged when a dire suspicion seized him that ,farmer ,rice was a ,democrat after all4 ,this depressed him much1 and he decided to sound a neighbor on this important point ere we committed ourselves within doors4 ,his conversation with the guileless neighbor held us spellbound1 he represented himself as a political census taker and hinted darkly that we were to be the candidates for high offices on the ,woman's ,rights ticket at the next election4 ,he found that farmer ,rice was a bitter ,democrat4 ,this was a sharp blow1 for neither he nor we knew one thing about the private life of the ,democratic candidate--not even where he lived1 nor indeed on our part one thing about politics anyway4 ,nothing daunted1 he searched a newspaper which he chanced to have1 and invented an imaginary home for the ,democratic ,governor1 which would doubtless have answered every purpose1 with the strong points on ,free ,trade and ,protection which he drilled into us4 ,we very prosaically1 however1 preferred our old honest plan1 and whether because of our suspicious appearance on foot at such a great distance from any village1 or because we made an extremely inauspicious entrance1 awakening a very deaf old lady from a very sound nap1 we could not buy the china either1 but we saw it1 a whole chest full1 and the sight was well worth the long journey4 ,thus it maybe seen that china hunting1 like many another hobby1 is not a wholly ennobling pursuit4 ,strange and petty meannesses develop in you1 envious longings1 you have 8an itching palm10 you learn to be secretive and dissembling1 8to smile and smile and be a villain40 ,you learn to hide your trail1 to refuse to give information to other sportsmen1 to conceal the location of your hunting-grounds1 to employ any wile to gain attention and entrance4 ,two worthy young men1 without a fault1 save an overweening and idolatrous love for old china1 can attribute their fall from the paths of honesty and truthfulness to china hunting4 ,searching one day in a country town1 one of these china hunters descended from the carriage and pounded the knocker of a fine but somewhat dilapidated country mansion4 ,a pompous and repelling old gentleman of extreme deafness and reticence opened the door4 ,what was the amazement and mortification of the waiting friend in the carriage to hear the bold intruder roar in his loudest and most persuasive voice1 8,i have come to see whether you have any old china1 or know of anyone who has old china to sell10 and as the door was about to be slammed1 he added1 8,my friend1 the late ,judge ,v----1 of ,worcester1 told me that if anyone in the country knew of old china and relics it was you40 ,illustration3 ,millennium ,plate4 ,the way that proud and shy old man rose to that transparent bait was wonderful to behold4 ,he ushered in the young deceiver1 with ,chesterfieldian bows of welcome4 ,the 8late ,judge ,v----0 had been a man well known and honored throughout the county1 though he knew so little and thought so little of china that he might have dined off pewter and never known it--but he was dead1 and could never be brought up as a refuting witness1 which was a great point4 ,the lonely watcher in the carriage sat shamefacedly waiting1 cringing at the thought of his companion's wickedness4 ,he listened to the loud roars into the deaf old ears as the twain walked from room to room while 8glozed the tempter10 and the specious sounds were wafted out on the summer air2 he thought of possible treasures within1 he listened and wondered and yielded--such is the contamination of wicked example--walked into the house1 and added to the lie tenfold4 ,as a result of their duplicity1 and since the flattered one was a widower with no woman to say nay1 they captured and brought away four ,millennium plates1 two ,wedgwood pickle leaves1 a silver-lustre teapot1 and a glorious great flip-mug4 ,but 8things ill-got had ever bad success20 as they lifted the large and knobby newspaper parcel from the carriage1 it slipped from their contaminating grasp1 and all the pieces were broken save the flip-mug1 which1 being specially protected1 escaped4 ,though warned by this plain rebuke1 they persevere2 and so hardened are they now become in their base habits of deception1 that they have worked that 8late ,judge ,v----0 scheme1 with some slight variations1 in a score of country homes4 ,they always tell that abominable falsehood whenever they have a man to deal with1 not only adding deception to deceit1 but showing a most despicable lack of originality--a 8most damnable iteration40 ,they cringingly allege their intention to change the name of the imaginary recommender as soon as any one of sufficient note and widespread fame in the county dies1 and thus through his death becomes eligible to the position in the fable4 ,i only wish the wraith of the late ,judge ,v----1 a man of portentous ugliness in real life1 such abnormal ugliness that the thought of the sight of his dematerialized ghost is really appalling--,i only wish his indignant wraith would appear before them at the lintel of the door1 at the portal of some china-besieged house1 and demand1 in the loud roars which characterized him in his lifetime1 the meaning of this unwarrantable and presumptuous use of his name4 ,in the meantime1 unchecked and undiscovered1 this simple and transparent scheme invariably works to a charm--how proud the man always is to learn that the late ,judge ,v---- recommended him as a connoisseur of anything6 he hastens to sell his china1 if his wife be willing and have any to sell1 and he manages to think of someone else who will probably sell1 should he chance to have none himself4 ,the flip-mug has been filled many a time to the old-time toast1 8,success to ,trade0--and yet the base china hunters are really honest fellows enough in every-day life4 ,alas6 that greed for things so beautiful should so deform the soul6 ,such duplicity is1 however1 rare4 ,i tell of it only to express my abhorrence1 my condemnation4 ,dissimulation is seldom necessary4 ,you are sometimes falsely accused of it when your motives are as open as the light of day4 ,after telling with exact truth precisely what ,i intended to do with some pieces of china1 ,i was answered1 with an angry toss of the head1 8,why didn't ye tell me first-off ye didn't want me to know40 ,we are sometimes1 in our china hunts1 brought into close contact with baser crimes than falsehood and duplicity4 ,we have a number of daintily-shaped pieces of sprigged china1 with a graceful ribbon border1 which are known to us by the name of 8,beach ware10 but which would be generally and more correctly called 8cottage china40 ,these six-legged teapots and creamjugs of 8,beach ware0 received their descriptive and pretty title from the simple folk of whom they were bought1 not from the name of their maker nor from their place of manufacture4 8,beach ware0 was found in crates or boxes along the beach on the shores of ,barnegat ,bay at the beginning of this century4 ,it was part of the cargo of a great ,english ship laden with china1 which was lured to destruction and robbed by a notorious family of ,barnegat 8wreckers10 one of whose members died not many years ago at the age of ninety years1 having served in his youth a well-deserved term of twenty years' imprisonment in ,state ,prison1 the sentence received at his trial for cruel robbery and murder through 8wrecking40 ,illustration3 8,beach ,ware40 ,at that time1 though vessels and their cargoes were insured1 the underwriters frequently did not make their appearance down the coast at the scene of the wreck for many days and even weeks after the ship broke up or came ashore4 ,and when the tardy officials did arrive1 ,barnegat natives1 even from far inland--honest men and knavish rogues alike--had always managed to capture everything of value that came ashore or could be taken from the vessel4 ,in order to conceal their stolen salvage1 indestructible merchandise or articles that were not affected by the action of the soil and water were frequently buried until after the baffled insurance company and the ship's owners had left the scene4 ,the arrest and sentence of the leader of this gang of wreckers caused much apprehension and excitement in every ,barnegat home1 and much fine china was pounded up or thrown into the water1 as well as buried1 lest its presence seem proof of complicity in the convict's guilt4 ,our pieces of 8,beach ware0 remained under ground for years--it is said until the wicked old convict served out his term in prison1 since he alone could find the spot where he had buried it4 ,the green-ribboned and pink-sprigged teapots and teacups look too innocent to have known aught of such wickedness and violence1 but bear no more guileless face than did the patriarchal old wrecker in the peaceful prosperous days of his later years when he unblushingly and unwincingly sold to us this 8,beach ware10 of which his gossiping neighbors had told to us the tale4 ,shall ,i have the dire name of 8fence0 applied to me when it is told that ,i am the receiver of stolen goods8 ,the best piece of ,wedgwood jasper ware that ,i own was bought from an old ,englishman of mild appearance and junk proclivities4 ,a second visit to his den found it closed4 ,a friendly plumber in the adjacent shop explained with effusion that the junk-man was a wretched old thief1 and no one but thieves sold to him or bought of him 7,i winced at the accusation72 that 8he broke into a museyum in ,england and stole a lot of china and brought it over here to sell1 and had kep' stealin' ever sense10 and he 7the plumber7 was 8glad the perlice had chased him out1 for he was a disgrace to the neighborhood40 ,was not my pretty ,flaxman-designed piece of ,wedgwood stolen from that ,english collection8 ,illustration3 ,old ,worcester in 8,japan ,taste40 ,a beautiful cup and saucer of old ,worcester in the 8,japan taste10 rich without and within in red and gold and blue1 has long been regarded by me with intense suspicion of my honest and legal right to its possession4 ,it was sold to me with the assurance that it had belonged to ,lucien ,bonaparte2 ,i did not doubt that part of the story1 for ,i had seen its sister in the possession of a family who ,i knew inherited it through a gift of that ,bonaparte4 ,but how should my cup and saucer have been offered for sale to anyone8 ,by a curious chain of circumstances1 too tedious to repeat1 ,i discovered that the pretty cup and saucer had been stolen by a servant1 and sold long ago to an old merchant in ,new ,york1 who should have and doubtless did know better1 but who loved old china4 ,shall ,i tell his name8 ,shall ,i hunt up the lawful heir and owner of my ,worcester teacup8 ,only one possibility mars the pleasure of a day's china hunt--the necessity of obtaining a midday meal 8upon the road10 in any chance farm-house you may be within at high noon4 ,the old hunter fights shy of such repasts by carrying her lunch with her1 but when a drive of several days is taken this course is not very attractive or possible4 ,she must then succumb to fate1 accept the hospitality which is invariably and cordially offered to her1 and eat1 or1 at least1 try to eat4 ,i think ,june is the most trying month for such ventures4 ,spring vegetables are unknown in the land of their supposed birth4 ,fruits and berries are not ripe4 ,you are given a mysterious repast1 flavored throughout with sour milk and smelling of sour milk1 which reaches its highest and sourest point in the bread4 ,i always plead dyspepsia and cling to a milk diet1 thus eliciting much sympathy1 and hygienic and medical advice4 ,doubtless in late fall or in winter1 country fare might be more endurable1 but1 with keen and most vivid fancy1 ,i cannot imagine going china hunting in the country in the winter time4 ,even glorious sleighing or the promise of vast treasure trove could not englamour it with an enticing charm4 ,think of shivering over snow-blocked roads under leaden skies1 through dreary1 wind-wailing1 naked woods1 struggling up icy1 snow-swept1 and blast-beaten hills to that lonely hill-top home1 a ,new ,england farm-house6 ,hope would perish on the road4 ,think of entering that drear abode2 of sitting1 while you unfolded your wishes and went through the stereotyped china questions with the stereotyped china smile1 with bursting veins and flushed face1 in a stuffy1 torrid1 unaired room1 in front of a red-hot1 air-tight stove1 for there are no glorious open wood fires nowadays in the great chimneys of country houses in ,new ,england4 ,think of going from that super-heated1 stifling atmosphere to a frigid pantry or icy best room to look at china6 ,how the congealed plates would clatter in your trembling stiffened fingers2 how you would hurry through the repelling ordeal2 never1 as in summer1 climbing upon chairs to peer on upper shelves1 never exploring in old window-seats1 never lingering to examine separately and lovingly each plate in a great pile4 ,above all1 think of ransacking a farm-house garret1 8in cobwebbed corners1 dusty and dim10 with the thermometer below zero--it is beyond my power of fancy to fathom such a scene4 ,a fellow china hunter tells me a tale of a lonely drive and ,arctic exploration1 and of riding gayly home therefrom in the winter twilight1 warming the cockles of her heart with four ,baltimore ,ohio plates pressed closely to her side1 with two ,lafayette pepper-boxes and half a dozen ,lowestoft custard-cups packed snugly in her muff1 and with a ,pennsylvania ,hospital platter in the fur robe at her feet4 ,i never believed her2 it could not be true4 ,china does not grow in winter1 'tis a fair summer flower1 and must be gathered under summer suns4 ,but to what out-of-the-way1 simple1 rustic scenes has our china hunting led us through the long summer days1 scenes to be painted by ,miss ,wilkins or ,mrs4 ,slosson4 ,to country auctions--not the ill-ventilated1 ,hebrew-jostled1 bawling arenas of city life1 but auctions in country villages1 on old farms1 where the auctioneer1 if the day be warm1 stands outside the house on a door taken from its hinges and laid across two barrels on the green1 or among the beds of flowering phlox and marigolds2 where the lots for sale1 unnumbered1 uncatalogued1 and unclassified are handed out1 a heterogeneous company1 to the presiding seller through the open windows behind him2 where every small parcel of value is neatly tied up and labelled with the names of past owners--,aunt ,hepsy1 ,mrs4 ,catey ,doten1 ,old ,job ,greening2 where every queer-gowned and queer-coated neighbor for miles around has driven over in every kind of vehicle to look at1 if not to buy1 the scattering house treasures4 ,at these country auctions1 china and ancient underclothes1 or pewter porringers with feather pillows1 may form a single 8lot10 and you must buy all or none4 ,if you purchase you pay your money at once to the auctioneer1 with much friendly change-making by hard-fisted old farmers on either hand2 the china is delivered to your eager hands1 the underclothes are thrown to you or at you by the auctioneer over the heads of the audience2 the hay-rakes1 or churns1 or quilting-frames1 or whatever addenda may have been tacked to your porcelain1 are brought around and piled in a little heap by the side of your chair1 or if you have 8backed up0 your country wagon1 are placed therein4 ,i once bought six large bundles of neatly labelled pieces of woollen cloth1 pieces of all the old petticoats and breeches and greatcoats that had been worn in that house for forty years1 just to get one ,india china plate4 ,a rugmaking--or ,i should say1 8mat-braiding0--dame at my left1 seeing my dismay at my unsought treasures and noting my love of china1 offered to give me a modern match-box for the tidy bundle of pieces1 which kindly exchange ,i gladly accepted as being less cumbersome1 if not more beautiful4 ,surely the summer sunlight never flickered down on a more typical ,new ,england scene than a country auction4 ,sad are the faces around1 quiet reigns2 no one smiles1 no one jests as the hoarse-voiced auctioneer holds up1 explains1 and extols some very mirth-provoking 8lots40 ,this breaking up and disbanding of a home has no droll side to country minds4 ,the last country auction ,i attended was at an old house in ,rutland4 ,at it were sold the effects of an ancient lady of ninety years1 who had just died4 ,her nephew1 a lively lad of eighty1 carried away by the excitement of the sale1 or by the sight of so much ready money1 recklessly handed out to the auctioneer1 as he stood under the dusty lilac bushes1 a large number of articles of furniture and table-ware which had been temporarily stored in the house by the old lady's housekeeper1 an equally ancient matron4 ,the unconscious theft was discovered late in the afternoon1 just as we were about to drive off1 and the old man1 overcome with horror at his unwitting crime1 or dread of the results of its discovery1 tearfully forced us to disgorge half a dozen ,mc,donough's ,victory plates and several mugs and pitchers which we had eagerly purchased and gleefully packed away4 ,he 8comforted us with apples10 however1 pressing upon us a peck of red-streaked1 spicy ,sapsons to console us for our evident disappointment--and our sorrow that we had not sensibly and cannily departed at an earlier hour4 ,but do not fancy that every gathering of country wagons in country door-yards1 every row of patient horses hitched at barn doors and along the fence1 denotes an auction within the doors of the farm-house4 ,draw no such rash conclusion1 and make no hasty and unheralded entrance within1 else you may find yourself1 with china smiles on your lips and china inquiries on your tongue1 an impetuous and mortified intruder at the saddest of all sad scenes1 a country funeral4 ,i cannot resist telling that1 after one such impertinent intrusion on that solemn function1 we returned in a few hours1 when on our way home1 to apologize and explain our infelicitous and uninvited entrance at so unfitting a time4 ,when we stated that we were hunting for old-fashioned china1 a gleam of comprehension entered the faces of the two elderly women who sat rocking by the fireside in the lonely kitchen1 and as a result a china-closet was raided1 and we bought a number of pieces of unusually fine ,canton and ,lowestoft china4 ,at the time of purchase1 we innocently fancied that we gained this treasure honestly from the new-made heirs1 but have since then had harassing suspicions that the china was sold to us by temporary care-takers who remained to 8redd the house10 while the mourning relatives had driven to the country graveyard1 and who thus snatched from the jaws of death a most dishonest penny4 ,nor can you be over-confident that all auctions held in the country are true country auctions4 ,the ways of 8antique men0 are past finding out4 ,a sale of the household furnishings of an old farm-house in the heart of the ,white ,mountains1 attracted a vast number of summer travellers1 and brought forth purchase sums that bewildered the farm residents for miles around4 ,ere the sun went down on the day of the sale1 a thrifty dealer who happened to be present had had a conference with the farm-wife1 and as a result it was announced that she had a reserve stock of furniture and china in her garret1 which would be sold the following week4 ,back to town sped the dealer1 packed up a vast collection of unsalable dbris which he chanced to have on hand1 and an 8assorted lot0 of modern willow-pattern ware1 freshly imported ,canton china1 new copper-lustre and painted tea-sets1 with a sparse sprinkling of old pieces4 ,he sent the entire lot by rail to the ,new ,hampshire town2 conveyed it by dead of night to the farm-house2 placed the crockery in the cupboards1 the brand-new brass candlesticks on the mantels1 and the flimsy new andirons in the old fireplaces1 arranged all the furniture in judicious shadow1 and had a successful auction of 8rare old colonial furniture and family china40 ,a famous starting-point1 or rather rallying-point1 on a china hunt is the district school4 ,driving along the quiet country road1 you chance1 in some barren and unlovely spot1 often at some lonely cross-roads1 upon a small unshaded1 single-storied building1 whose general ugliness and the beaten earth of whose door-yard tell to you its purpose and character without the proof of the high-pitched and precise chorus of monotonous three-syllabled words that vibrates shrilly out through the open window4 ,hitch your steed to a tree1 a fence1 by the roadside1 and enter one of the twin portals of the abode of learning1 passing by the low-hanging rows of ragged straw hats1 gingham sun-bonnets1 and chip 8,shakers10 over the 8warping floor10 in front of the 8battered seats1 with jack-knife's carved initial40 8,teacher0 is glad to see you1 the children are gladder still4 ,she sends a grinning barefooted boy out to draw a pail of fresh well-water4 ,you are asked1 as a distinguished visitor1 to address the scholars4 ,if you are a man1 and thus of course an orator1 you do so with fluent tongue4 ,if you are a woman1 and thus tongue-tied in public1 you can ask for 8recess0 to be given1 and make your address informally to each little freckled face4 ,you are1 of course1 anxious to refurnish a house like the one in which you lived when you attended the village school in the days of your youth4 ,do the children know of any old blue china plates with trees and houses on them8 ,have their mothers or grandmothers any pitchers with pictures of soldiers1 or sailors1 or ships8 ,of course the children know2 they know everything--far more than grown people4 ,you soon have an exact ceramic report from every house in town whose little sons and daughters are in the school1 and of the homes of all their neighbors too4 ,you have extracted an unbiassed account from a set of little ready-tongued and keen-eyed spies1 whose penetration is acute1 and whose memory is active4 ,if you can draw you can quickly show the children with chalk and blackboard the kind of china you wish1 and can depart with a long list of houses which will repay you to visit4 ,but why do ,i longer tell the story of the chase1 or vainly try to give advice and rules for china-finding8 ,i can only 8pay you my penny of observation10 knowing well that 8,gutta fortun pr dolio sapienti40 ,nor can ,i fitly paint the pleasures1 nor tell the pains of the search1 more than ,i could mould and shape the treasures it has brought to my home4 ,nor can ,i hope to fire in other veins the fever that burns in mine2 ,i must be content to say with ,olivia1 8',tis a most extracting frenzy of mine own40 ,,ii4 ,,trencher ,,treen ,,and ,,pewter ,,bright ,the history of the use of china as table-ware in ,america would be incomplete and ill-comprehended1 without some reference to the preceding forms of table furnishings used by the earliest colonists1 the dishes of wood and pewter1 which so long influenced the form and even the decoration of their china successors4 ,as in the 8,life of ,josiah ,wedgwood0 we are given an account of the pottery and porcelain of all times1 so in my story of china in ,america ,i tell of the humble predecessors that graced the frugal boards of our ancestors4 ,in a curious book1 ,newbery's 8,dives ,pragmaticus10 written in #aefc1 a catalogue of ,english cooking utensils and table-ware is thus given by a chapman3 8,i have basins1 ewers of tin1 pewter1 and glass1 ,great vessels of copper1 fine latten1 and brass1 ,both pots1 pans1 and kettles such as never was4 ,i have platters1 dishes1 saucers1 and candlesticks1 ,chafers1 lavers1 towels1 and fine tricks2 ,posnets1 frying pans1 and fine pudding pricks2 ,fine pans for milk1 trim tubs for souse40 ,these were practically the table and kitchen furnishings brought by the ,pilgrims to ,new ,england1 and for similar furnishings they sent to old ,england for many years4 ,the time when ,america was settled was the era when pewter ware had begun to take the place of wooden ware for table use1 just as the time of the ,revolutionary ,war marked the victory of porcelain over pewter4 ,governor ,bradford found the ,indians using 8wooden bowls1 trays1 and dishes10 and 8hand baskets made of crab shells wrought together40 ,both colonists and ,indians used clam-shells for plates1 and smaller shells set in split sticks as spoons and ladles4 ,the ,indians made in great quantities for their white neighbors1 even in the earliest days1 bowls from the knots of maple-trees that went by the name of 8,indian bowls10 and were much sought after and used4 ,one large bowl taken from the wigwam of ,king ,philip is now in the collection of the ,massachusetts ,historical ,society4 ,the settlers also established factories for dish-turning4 ,one thrifty ,new ,england parson eked out his scanty and ill-paid salary by making wooden bowls and plates for his parishioners4 ,wooden 8noggins10 low bowls with handles1 are often mentioned in early inventories1 and ,mary ,ring1 of ,plymouth1 thought in #afcc that a 8wodden cupp0 was quite valuable enough to leave 8as a token of friendship40 ,in ,vermont bowls and plates of poplar wood were used until ,revolutionary times1 and fair white dishes did that clean hard wood make4 ,sometimes the wooden plates used by the poor planters were only square blocks slightly hollowed out by hand--whittled1 without doubt4 ,wooden trenchers1 also made by hand1 were used on the table by the colonists for more than a century4 ,i find them advertised for sale with pewter and china in the ,connecticut ,courant of ,may1 #agge4 ,these trenchers were either square or oblong4 ,from an oblong trencher two persons1 relatives or intimate friends1 sometimes ate in common1 just as they had done in old ,england4 ,two children frequently ate from the same trencher1 thus economizing table furnishings4 ,in earlier times man and wife ate from a single trencher or plate4 ,walpole relates that the aged ,duke and ,duchess of ,hamilton1 in the middle of the last century1 sat upon a dais together at the head of their table and ate from the same plate--a tender tribute to unreturnable youth1 a clinging regard for past customs1 and a token of present affection and unity in old age4 ,a story is told of a ,connecticut planter1 that having settled in a quickly-growing town and having proved himself to be a pious ,god-fearing man1 his name was offered to his church for election or ordination as a deacon4 ,objection was made to him1 on the ground that he had shown undue pride and luxury of living in allowing his children each to use and eat from a single plate at the table1 instead of doing as his neighbors did--have two children eat from one trencher4 ,he apologized for his seemingly vain manner of living1 and gave in excuse the fact that previous to his settlement near ,new ,haven he had been a dish-turner1 so it had not then been extravagant for the members of his family to have a dish apiece2 and having grown accustomed to that manner of 8feeding10 he found it more peaceable and comfortable2 but he was willing to change his ways if they considered it desirable and proper1 as he did not wish to put on more airs than his neighbors4 ,but wooden trenchers1 even in the first half of the first ,new ,england century1 gave place to pewter1 and the great number of pieces of pewter table-ware still found in ,new ,england country homes would alone prove to how recent a date pewter utensils were universally used4 ,the number would doubtless be much larger if it were not deemed by metal-workers that new pewter is of much better substance if the metals composing it are combined with a certain amount of old pewter4 ,hence old pewter always has commanded a good price1 and many fine old specimens have been melted up to mould over again for the more modern uses for which pewter is employed by printers and lapidaries4 ,the trade of pewterer was for two centuries a very respectable and influential one4 ,the ,guild of ,pewterers in ,london was a very large and powerful body1 and ,english pewterers1 men of worth1 came with other tradesmen at once to the ,colonies4 ,richard ,graves was a pewterer of ,salem in #afci1 and ,henry ,shrimpton1 an influential merchant who died in ,boston in #afff1 made large quantities of pewter ware for the ,massachusetts colonists4 ,the pewterers rapidly increased in numbers in ,america1 until the ,war of ,independence1 when1 of course1 the increasing importation of ,oriental and ,english china and stone-ware1 and the beauty and interest of the new table-ware1 destroyed forever the pewterer's trade4 ,advertisements of pewter table furnishings appear frequently1 however1 in ,american newspapers until well into this century4 ,nor was it different in ,england at the same date4 ,englishmen and ,englishwomen clung long to pewter4 ,in a poem written in #ahbh by ,j4 ,ward1 of ,stoke-upon-,trent1 upon the ,potter's ,art1 he says3 8,the housewife1 prim in days we know ourselves1 ,display'd her polished pewter on her shelves2 ,reserv'd to honour most the annual feast1 ,where ev'ry kinsman proved a welcome guest4 ,no earthen plates or dishes then were known1 ,save at the humble board as coarse as stone1 ,and there the trencher commonly was seen1 ,with its attendant ample platter treen40 7,wooden47 ,it is a curious fact that in the inventory of the household possessions of ,thomas ,wedgwood1 the potter1 made at ,burslem in #agge1 we find that he had forty-four pewter plates worth seven pence half penny each1 and twenty-four pewter dishes worth two shillings each1 though the inventory of the goods at his factory at that time included two hundred and ninety-five dozen table plates of best white ware4 ,at a very early date all well-to-do colonists had plenty of 8latten ware10 which was brass1 as well as pewter4 ,all kinds of household utensils were made1 however1 of the latter metal2 even 8pewter bottles1 pints1 and quarts10 were upon a list of goods to be sent from ,england to the ,massachusetts ,colony in #afbi4 ,i have never seen an old pewter bottle1 even in a collection or museum1 and they must soon have been superseded by glass4 ,in the ,boston ,evening ,post of ,july #bf1 #agef1 appeared this advertisement3 8,london pewter dishes1 plates1 basons1 porringers1 breakfast bowls1 table spoons1 pint and quart pots1 cans1 tankards1 butter cups1 newest fashion teapots1 table salts1 sucking bottles1 plates dish covers1 cullenders1 soop kettles1 new fashion roased plates1 communion beakers and flagons1 measures40 ,a vast number of names of other articles might be added from other lists of sales of pewter at that time--8quart pint jacks10 8bottle crains10 8ink pots10 8ink chests10 8ink horns10 8ink standishes10 and 8ink jugs40 ,pewter 8cans for beer1 cyder1 and metheglin10 were in every household2 pewter mugs and pewter 8dram-cups with funnels10 pewter 8basons10 cisterns1 and ewers graced the 8parlour10 which contained also the best state bed1 with its 8harrateen0 or 8cheney0 curtains4 ,pewter candlesticks held the home-made1 pale-green candles of tallow and spicy bayberry wax4 8,savealls10 too1 were of pewter and iron4 8,savealls0 were the little round frames with wire points which held up the last short ends of dying candles for our frugal ancestors4 ,salt-cellars and spoons were of pewter1 while extremely elegant people had spoons of alchymy1 or occonny1 alcaney1 alcamy1 occomy1 ackamy1 and accamy1 as ,i have seen it spelt1 a metal composed of pan brass and arsenicum4 ,forks were almost unknown1 and fingers played an important part in serving and eating at the table4 ,a lady traveller1 in #agjd1 spoke with much scorn of ,connecticut people1 because they allowed their negro slaves to sit and eat at the same table with themselves1 saying that 8into the great dish goes the black hoof as freely as the white hand40 ,illustration3 8,the porringers that in a row ,hung high and made a glittering show40 ,pewter porringers1 or 8pottingers10 of every size were much prized4 ,one family1 in #affj1 had seven porringers1 while another housewife was proud of owning nine1 and one silver queen porringer4 ,the smaller porringers were called posnets1 a word now obsolete4 ,posnet was derived from a ,welsh word1 posned1 a little round dish4 ,in these posnets posset was served1 and they were also used as pap-bowls for infants4 ,posnets and porringers1 when not in use1 were hung by their handles on the edge of the dresser shelf4 ,the porringers with flat pierced handles are of ,english or ,american make1 while the 8fish-tail0 handles are seldom found in ,new ,england1 being distinctly ,dutch4 ,plates and platters were much valued4 ,governor ,bradford1 of ,massachusetts1 left to his heirs fourteen pewter dishes and thirteen platters1 three large plates and three small ones1 one pewter candlestick and one pewter bottle--a most luxurious and elaborate household outfit4 ,governor ,benedict ,arnold1 of ,jamestown1 ,r4 ,i41 and ,mr4 ,pyncheon1 of ,springfield1 ,mass41 bequeathed their pewter plates and dishes in the same list1 and with as much minuteness of description1 as the silver tankards and bowls1 and the humble pewter was as elaborately lettered and marked with armorial devices as was the silver4 ,miles ,standish left to his heirs sixteen pewter dishes and twelve wooden trenchers4 ,pewter was not thought to be too base a metal to use for communion services4 ,in #agbi1 the ,first ,church of ,hanover1 ,mass41 bought and used for years a full communion service and christening basin of pewter2 and the bill of purchase and the old pieces are still preserved by the church as relics4 ,the pewter communion service of the ,marblehead ,church is now in the rooms of the ,essex ,institute1 and until this century advertisements of 8,pewter ,communion ,flagons0 appeared in ,new ,england newspapers4 ,these pewter dishes and plates were a source of great pride to every colonial housekeeper1 and much time and labor was devoted to polishing them with 8horsetails0 7equisetum71 or 8scouring rush10 till they shone like fine silver2 and dingy pewter was fairly counted a disgrace4 ,the most accomplished gentleman in ,virginia1 of his time1 gave it as a positive rule1 in #agbh1 that 8pewter bright0 was the sign of a good housewife4 ,in some old country homes1 either lack of money1 the power of habit1 or the strong love of ancient articles and associations1 caused the preservation of the old pewter utensils1 and they now form the cherished ornaments of the kitchen and dining-room4 ,in the lovely old town of ,shrewsbury1 which stands so high on ,massachusetts hills that the railroad has never approached its lonely beauty1 there stands on the edge of the 8,common0 a house1 in which everything that is good and old has been preserved1 and appears as when the house was built1 in the year #aggi4 ,the old fireplaces have cranes and iron 8dogs10 are festooned with ears of yellow seed-corn1 and are surmounted by the old fire-arms1 while by the chimney sides are hung old-fashioned brooms of peeled birch4 ,these brooms are made of birch splints1 carefully split and peeled1 and tied in place with hempen twine on the strong handle2 and many a farmer's boy1 years ago1 earned his first spending-money by making them1 for six cents apiece1 for the country stores4 ,old settles1 chairs1 and tables stand on the white-scoured floors2 and in the 8living-room0 is a piece of furniture seldom seen in ,new ,england1 though common enough in ,pennsylvania1 ,new ,york1 and ,new ,jersey in olden times--a 8slaw bank40 ,the word is a corruption of sloap bancke1 or sleeping bench1 and the slaw bank was the great-grandfather of our modern cabinet folding-bed4 ,at one end of the room are doors apparently belonging to cupboards1 which1 upon being swung wide open1 disclose the oblong frame of a bed with a network of ropes to serve as springs4 ,this bed-frame is fastened at one end to the wall with heavy hinges1 and was hooked up against the wall in the day-time1 and at night was lowered to a horizontal position and supported on heavy wooden turned legs1 which fitted into sockets in the frame2 and it was thus ready for use4 ,this bed is still kept made up as of old1 with hand-spun linen sheets1 hand-woven 8flannel sheets10 a 8rising-sun0 patchwork quilt1 and blue and white woollen bedspread4 ,but in the dining-room and kitchen of this old ,shrewsbury homestead are the greatest treasures--corner cupboards and shallow dressers full of pewter dishes1 which greet their owner with 8shining morning faces0 at breakfast1 and reflect in a hundred silvery disks the goodly cheer on his table at midday and night4 ,round plates and platters are there of every size1 up to the great round shield on which was placed of old the enormous ,thanksgiving turkey4 ,all are round1 for oval platters seem to have been then unknown4 ,the deep bowls1 in which vegetables were served1 stand there in 8nests0 of various sizes4 ,teapots1 too1 and cream-pitchers and sugar-bowls1 or sugar-boxes1 but no pewter teacups4 ,i believe the little handleless teacups were among the earliest pieces of porcelain imported from ,china1 and were often used when the rest of the 8tea equipage0 was of pewter4 ,pewter salt-cellars1 mustard-pots1 flip-mugs1 and syrup-cups are interspersed among the larger pieces on the dresser4 ,some of these articles are marked with initials and dates1 not engraved1 but stamped1 as with a die1 ,j4 ,s4 and ,b4 ,k41 #agfi4 ,doubtless these were wedding gifts1 and ,i doubt not that a set of shining pewter plates and platters was as graceful and welcome a gift to ,betsey ,sumner in #agfi1 as is a set of ,royal ,worcester porcelain to her great-granddaughter ,bessie1 in #ahib4 ,some of the teapots are really beautiful in shape1 and are decorated with a quaint engraved design of leaves and round flowers4 ,these were undoubtedly of ,dutch manufacture1 and are identical in shape and ornamentation with teapots authentically known to have been imported from ,holland4 ,these teapots were probably used for company 8tea drinkings0 and such state occasions1 and thus the engraving on the soft metal was not worn by daily use4 ,pewter spoons1 too1 are there in every size1 though ,betsey ,sumner surely had silver teaspoons1 for were they not inherited from her by her son1 the old parson8 ,as these pewter spoons were liable to be quickly bent1 worn1 or broken1 every thrifty household had its various sized spoon moulds of heavy metal1 into which the melted pewter was poured and came out as good as new1 or1 according to the apparent law of pewter1 better than new4 ,button moulds1 too1 were common enough1 containing deep holes to form half a dozen buttons at once4 ,and perhaps ,betsey ,sumner turned her old spoons into buttons to adorn ,john's coat1 and polished them till they shone like the silver and cut-steel buttons of the ,french ,court4 ,many of the pewter articles in this homestead have had recently engraved upon the underside various commemorative dates1 and the names of past owners1 and the outlines of any eventful story connected with the dish1 if story there fortunately be remembered to tell4 ,and every owner of pewter plate or porringer1 who knows by tradition the story of his old relic1 should have the statement engraved now upon the back of the piece1 for even in one generation these facts are forgotten1 and the article is rendered valueless as an historic record4 ,in the kitchen of the great colonial house at ,morristown1 ,n4 ,j41 now owned and occupied by the ,washington ,association of ,new ,jersey1 may be seen a fine collection of old pewter table and cooking utensils2 while at ,indian ,hill1 at ,newburyport1 still is shining in cupboard and dresser the rare pewter collected by ,ben ,perley ,poore4 ,to a day well within the remembrance of many now living1 round pewter meat platters were used in farm-houses1 long after the other pewter dishes had vanished2 for it does not dull a carving-knife to cut upon pewter as it does upon porcelain or crockery1 and old farmers cling stubbornly to usages and articles that they are acquainted with2 and no 8boiled dinner0 ever could taste quite the same to them unless all heaped together on a great shining pewter platter4 ,another pewter piece often found1 and often still used1 is the hot-water jug with its wicker-covered handle4 ,this was brought every night1 in colonial and ,revolutionary times1 well filled with boiling water1 to the master of the house1 for him to mix the hot apple-toddy or sangaree for the members of his household1 who drank their share out of pewter cups or heavy greenish glasses4 ,i know of two of these pewter jugs which have been in daily use for certainly forty years 7though in the more temperate vocation of hot-water jugs to carry shaving-water to the bedrooms71 and still retain1 sound and firm1 the old wicker coverings on the handles1 which may have been woven upon them a hundred years ago4 ,truly1 our grandfathers made things for use1 not for sale4 ,strange hiding-places have these old forsaken and forgotten pewter dishes4 ,they lurk in tall and narrow cupboards by the side of old chimneys1 or in short and deep cupboards over the mantel4 ,they lie in disused fireplaces1 hidden from view by gaudy modern fireboards4 ,they are at the bottom of deep boxes under wide window-seats1 and are shoved under the dusty eaves of dark attic-lofts4 ,on the highest pantry shelves1 under cellar stairs1 in old painted sea-chests1 in the woodhouse1 are they found4 ,from the floor of henhouses have they been rescued1 where they have been long ignominiously trodden under foot by high-stepping and imperious fowl4 ,let us take them from these obscure corners1 and preserve them with care1 for though they have no intrinsic value like silver1 no brilliancy like glass1 no beauty of color or design like china1 they are still worth our interest and attention1 for they were the first table-ware used by our ancestors4 ,we are a young nation of few years and few relics1 let us then reverently preserve the old pewter plates and platters1 remembering that these simple dishes of inexpensive metal illustrate the frugal home-life of the men and women who were the founders of the ,republic4 ,,iii4 ,,early ,,use ,,and ,,importation ,,of ,,china ,,in ,,america ,the knowledge and use of porcelain in ,england did not long antedate the departure of the ,pilgrims for the ,new ,world4 ,as early as #aejf1 one exceptional importation of ,chinese porcelain bowls is spoken of2 but even in #aefg--;half a century later--one of ,queen ,elizabeth's valued gifts was a 8poringer of white porselyn and a cup of green porselyn10 and the notice paid such intrinsically valueless and small articles by their mention proves their rarity4 ,great ignorance of the processes of porcelain manufacture existed2 even that learned1 that marvellously well-informed man1 ,lord ,bacon1 wrote of 8mines of porcelain10 and had the queer idea that china was developed in the earth1 out of the common clay1 by some strange and mysterious process of purification4 ,another universal belief was1 that porcelain was a sovereign detector of poison1 that it instantly showed the presence of poison in any draught that came in contact with it4 ,shakespeare speaks once of china1 in his 8,measure for ,measure10 8a dish of some three-pence1 your honors have seen such dishes1 they are not china dishes1 but very good dishes40 ,ben ,jonson refers more frequently to porcelain4 8,broker4 ',tis but earth ,fit to make bricks and tiles of4 ,shunfield4 ',tis but for pots or pipkins at the best ,if it would keep us in good tobacco pipes-- ,titus4 ,or in porc'lane dishes40 ,again he says3 8,the earth of my bottles which ,i dig ,turn up and steep1 and work1 and neal1 myself1 ,to a degree of porc'lane40 ,by the time of ,pope and ,dryden1 china had become more widely known in ,england1 and these writers and their contemporaries frequently refer to it4 ,it is not probable that much china came to ,england until #afej1 when the ,english ,east ,india ,trading ,company was established1 though the ,dutch had even then a large trade with ,china4 ,doubtless tea and china became plentiful in ,europe together4 ,addison wrote in #agac1 8,china vessels are playthings for women of all ages4444 ,i myself remember when there were few china vessels to be seen that held more than a dish of tea2 but their size is so greatly enlarged that there are many capable of holding half a hogshead40 ,it is asserted that pieces of ,delft ware were brought to ,america by the first ,english and ,dutch settlers4 ,it had been manufactured since the fifteenth century2 but when our ,pilgrim ,fathers made their night-trip through ,delft1 no plebeian persons had ,delft ware on their tables2 hence the ,pilgrims could have brought few pieces to ,new ,england on the ,mayflower4 ,nor is it probable that those frugal souls owned any ,india china4 ,the earliest ,dutch settlers of ,new ,netherlands were not likely either to have brought to the new land any pieces of the aristocratic ,delft ware1 though ,i have seen many ,delft plates and teapots that bore the reputation of such ownership4 8,blew white ware0 is however not an infrequent item on early inventories of the last half of the century4 ,john ,betts1 of ,cambridge1 ,mass41 had before his death1 in #affb1 8,som duth earthen platters ,som other ,earthen ware10 valued at #fs4 #h;d4 ,a citizen of ,salem had in #affd 8#ag pieces of blew white earthen ware0 worth #hs4 #f;d4 ,john ,cross1 of ,ipswich1 left behind him in #afej his 8,holland jugs40 ,all these were doubtless ,delft or the early imitations of ,delft4 ,the oldest and most authentic piece of stone-ware in the country is the fine jug preserved in the collection of the ,american ,antiquarian ,society1 at ,worcester4 ,it was the property of ,governor ,winthrop1 who died in #afdi1 and was given to the ,society by a descendant1 ,adam ,winthrop4 ,it stands eight inches in height and is apparently of ,german ,gres-ware1 and is richly mounted in silver4 ,the lid is engraved with a quaint design of ,adam and ,eve with the tempting serpent in the apple-tree4 ,estienne ,perlin1 writing in ,paris in #aeeh1 says1 8,the ,english drink beer not out of glass but from earthen pots1 the cover and handles being made of silver for the rich4 ,the middle classes mount them with tin40 ,another writer1 in #aegi1 spoke of the ,english custom of drinking from 8pots of earth of sundry colors and moulds1 whereof many are garnished with silver or at leastwise with pewter40 ,such is this 8beer mug0 or tankard of ,governor ,winthrop's1 which is certainly three hundred years old4 ,other ,massachusetts colonists had similar beer-mugs4 ,jacob ,leager1 of ,boston1 left in #affb a 8stone judg tipt with silver20 ,henry ,dunster had a 8tipt jugg0 in #afee2 and ,thomas ,rix had in #afgh 8#c fflanders jugs40 ,illustration3 ,winthrop ,jug4 ,lisbon ware1 which was earthen ware1 was left by will in ,massachusetts in #afej2 and ,spanish platters and painted platters are mentioned in an inventory in #afef4 ,peter ,bulkeley1 of ,concord1 ,mass41 had in #afei 8ten paynted earthen dishes0 valued at ten shillings4 ,in the lists and inventories of the town of ,stamford1 from #afej to #afgf1 only two shillings worth of earthen ware is entered1 and ,stamford planters were far from poor4 ,in the ,boston ,news ,letter of ,february #i1 #agab1 six hogsheads of earthen ware1 including teapots1 were advertised for sale4 ,these early teapots are said to have been of black earthen ware4 ,one of the earliest mentions of china in ,america is in the inventory made in #afda1 of the property of ,thomas ,knocker1 of ,boston1 8#a ,chaynie ,dish40 ,in #afdh1 in the estate of ,president ,davenport1 of ,harvard ,college1 was1 8,cheyney1 #d40 ,this was doubtless ,india china4 ,governor ,theophilus ,eaton had a 8cheny basen40 ,in the list made in #afdg1 of the possessions of ,martha ,coteymore1 a rich widow 7who afterward married ,governor ,winthrop71 is seen this item1 8,one parcel cheyney plates and saucers1 #a40 ,katherine ,coteymore had 8#c boxes ,east ,india dishes10 valued at #c4 ,as early as ,october1 #afii1 ,john ,higginson wrote to his brother with regard to importations from ,india1 that 8china and lacker-ware will sell if in small quantity10 and without doubt some small importations from ,india were made4 ,after the first decade of the century many rich ,bostonians1 such as ,elizur ,holyoke1 had china4 ,isaac ,caillowell's estate in #agah contained 8,five ,china ,dishes1 ,one ,doz4 ,china ,plates1 ,two ,china ,muggs1 a ,china ,teapott1 ,two ,china ,slopp ,basons1 ,six ,china ,saucers1 ,four ,china ,cupps1 and ,one ,china ,spoon ,dish40 ,the earliest mention of the sale of china table-ware which ,i have seen is not in #agcb1 as given by ,mr4 ,felt in his 8,new ,england ,customs40 ,there are several notices of sales of china of earlier dates4 ,in the ,new ,england ,weekly ,journal of ,april #aeth of the year #agbh1 were advertised for sale1 at the ,sun ,tavern in ,boston1 8,chainey ,bowles ,dishes ,cups ,saucers and ,teapots20 and 8china cups saucers0 on ,june #agth4 ,this 8chainey0 was probably all ,india china4 ,in #agbi1 ,william ,welsteed1 a ,boston merchant1 had a large number of plates and 8pickle caucers0 for sale4 ,in #agca1 ,andrew ,faneuil announced that he had for sale at his warehouse 8,all sorts of ,dutch ,stone and ,delf ware just imported from ,holland40 ,in #agcj ,john ,buining and ,mrs4 ,hannah ,wilson both advertised in the ,boston ,news ,letter1 that they had 8several sorts of china for sale20 and another ,boston shopkeeper announced at the same time that he was going to sell out everything he owned1 including china ware1 and that his fellow-townsmen had better flock to his shop1 for 8buyers have reason to ,expect good ,bargains for this will be the ,packing ,penny10 which ,i suppose was the colonial slang expression for 8bottom price40 ,at a later date the 8,packing ,penny0 became 8to buy the pennyworth40 ,it was not till #agcg that china ware was sold by 8,publick ,vandoo or ,outcry10 or by 8,inch of ,candle10 in ,boston1 thus showing that it was being imported in larger quantities4 ,in ,september of that year there was sold on ,scarlett's ,wharf1 with spices and silks and negro slaves1 8,a ,rich ,sortment of ,china ,ware4 ,a ,parcel of fine large ,enamel'd ,dishes4 ,ditto of divers ,sizes of ,bowles burnt ,enamel'd4 ,ditto of all ,sorts of ,plates4 ,sundry ,complete ,setts of ,furniture for the ,tea-,table4 ,blue ,white ,bowles2 ,blue ,white ,cups ,sawcers4 ,several sorts of small ,baskets1 c40 ,by this time ,boston milliners and mantua makers1 and fan mounters1 and lace menders1 had all begun to announce the sale of 8chayney0 in their show-rooms and shops4 ,fair ,boston dames picked their way along the narrow streets1 or were carried in stately sedan chairs1 to 8,mistress ,alise ,quick's1 over against the ,old ,brick ,meeting ,house on ,cornhill1 at the sign of the ,three ,kings10 or to 8,widow ,mehetable ,kneeland's10 to see her 8,london baby drest in the latest fashioned ,hooped ,coat and lac'd ,petty ,coat with ppetuna hood20 or to 8,mrs4 ,hannah ,teatts1 ,mantua ,maker1 at the head of ,summer ,street1 ,boston10 who charged five shillings for showing her 8,baby drest after the ,newest ,fashion of ,mantues and ,night ,gowns and everything belonging to a ,dress1 latilly brought over on ,captain ,white's ship from ,london0--these bedizened doll-babies being the quaint colonial substitutes for fashion plates4 ,these modish ,new-,english dames first pulled over and tried on the 8rayls and roquilos and cardinals10 and admired the ivory and cocoa paddle stick-fans2 and peeped at their own patched faces and powdered hair in the lacquered looking-glasses2 and then1 perhaps1 selected some flower seeds for their prim little gardens--their pleasaunces1 8blew and yellow lewpin1 double larkin-spur1 sweet feabus1 ,love lies bleeding1 ,queen ,margrets1 ,brompton flock1 and sweet-scented pease20 and then they turned1 unwearied and unsated1 to the 8,choise ,sortment of ,delph1 ,stone1 ,glassware1 and ,china1 viz41 ,bowles of ,divers ,sizes1 ,plates of all ,sorts1 and ,dishes1 ,teapots1 ,cups ,saucers1 ,strayners1 ,mugs of ,divers ,sorts and ,colors1 ,creampots pearl'd plain1 ,bird ,fountains1 ,tankards10 and they held up the tiny china teacups to the light and examined the painting1 and perhaps sipped a little of the mantua maker's ,orange ,pekoe or ,bohea4 ,and ,i doubt not many a china teapot or teacup stood cheek by jowl with quoyfs and ciffers on colonial milliners' bills1 and many a feathered 8,kitty ,fisher ,bonnet10 or silver shape1 or peaked ,ranelagh cap was sent home to the daughters of the ,puritans1 packed with 8catgut10 and 8robins10 and 8none-so-prettys10 in an ,india china punch-bowl4 ,of the prices paid for these colonial ceramic luxuries we know but little4 ,the enterprising outcrier1 who cried out and vandooed at the 8,blew ,boar1 at the ,south ,end of ,boston10 announced in ,february1 #agdi1 in the ,boston ,independent ,advertiser1 that he had 8,fine blue white and ,quilted ,china ,plates at ,eleven ,pounds the ,dozen1 or ,six ,pounds the ,half ,dozen40 ,so the shades of our ancestors can hardly cry out to us for extravagance4 ,these quilted china plates were1 ,i think1 from subsequent references to them1 plates impressed in the paste with a basket design1 as we often see now on ,chinese porcelain2 or possibly with a larger1 a truly quilted design1 such as ,i have seen on rare old ,oriental porcelain4 ,in the inventory of the estate of ,john ,jekyll1 of ,boston 7made in #agcb71 we learn that 8#b ,burnt ,china ,bowls were worth #b1 #f ,chocolate ,bowls #b1 #a ,pr ,china ,candlesticks ,tipt with ,silver #d1 #ab ,coffe cups with handles #a #gs40 ,in many inventories such a number of pieces are 8crackt0 or 8mendid10 and so little hint of quality or decoration is given1 that it is impossible to compare justly the values assigned with those of the present day4 ,john ,jekyll also had a 8sett of burnt china40 ,the first mentioned sale of a 8set0 of china is in the ,new ,england ,weekly ,journal of ,april #ai1 #agcg--8;,a ,fine ,double ,sett of ,burnt ,china for sale1 ,enquire of the ,printer40 ,until then the precious porcelain had been sold only in single pieces1 or in small numbers4 ,the wills and inventories of the times speak of no sets of china1 though the lists of the possessions of all persons of wealth1 the advertisements of sales of estates1 contain many items of china ware4 ,governor ,burnet1 who died in #agbi1 owned much china--three hundred pieces--as became a man who had #a1ajj spent on his funeral2 and his friend and neighbor1 ,peter ,faneuil1 had a bountiful supply of china and glass1 as he had of other luxuries4 ,there are far more frequent mentions and advertisements of china in old ,new ,england newspapers than in other ,american papers of the same years4 ,the southern publications of colonial times that ,i have seen contained no announcements of the sale of china4 ,none appeared bearing date until after the ,revolutionary ,war4 ,and it is plain1 from the evidence of inventories1 8enroulments10 wills1 and newspapers of the eighteenth century1 that porcelain was far more plentiful in ,new ,england than elsewhere in ,america at the same date4 ,mr4 ,prime says1 8,few of the people of ,revolutionary times had seen porcelain20 but when it had been advertised in every ,new ,england newspaper2 had been sold in grocers'1 milliners'1 chemists'1 dry-goods1 saddlers'1 and hardware shops2 had been displayed at the printers' and book-shops and writing-schools in every town of any size throughout ,new ,england2 and sold in considerable quantities by all the little ,boston shopkeepers--the ,amorys1 ,waldos1 ,brimmers1 ,adamses1 ,sheaffes1 and ,boylstons1 ,i fancy all ,new ,england good wives must have owned a few pretty pieces4 ,doubtless the wealthiest ,virginians of colonial times also had some china4 ,it is not1 however1 named in ,baltimore inventories until after the year #agjj4 ,nor was it plentiful in ,new ,york2 one of the earliest mentions of china in ,new ,york is in the list of the possessions of wealthy ,cornelius ,stienwerck1 8,ten pieces of china dishes or porcelain #d40 ,in ,august1 #agdh1 the ,new ,york ,weekly ,journal contained its first announcement of the sale of china--8,a choice parcel of ,china ,ware just imported to be sold at ,wholesale4 ,enquire of the ,printer40 ,now1 the 8,printer0 at that date was a woman1 the ,widow ,zenger1 wife of the former owner of the newspaper1 and with her assumption of the printing and editing business came various feminine advertisements such as this of china ware1 others of mantuas and hair-powder1 and of 8bonnet-papers10 which she cut and made and sold in large numbers2 but this china sale was certainly exceptional in ,new ,york at that date4 ,china did not abound in ,new ,york1 either in ,dutch or ,english families1 until after the ,revolutionary ,war4 ,nor did advertisements of it frequently appear in ante-,revolutionary ,new ,york newspapers4 ,in an inventory made at that time of the contents of a house on the ,neutral ,ground in ,westchester ,county1 there were such wealth-evincing items as twenty-six horses1 thirty-six table-cloths1 rich and abundant furniture1 bed-linen1 and clothing1 large quantities of fine silver2 and of pewter1 8#a ,coffee ,kettle1 #a ,teapot1 #bg ,dishes1 #ab ,plates1 #ab ,soup-,plates1 #f ,butter ,plates1 #c ,mugs1 #b salons1 #e basons1 #f ,spoons1 #c ,measures20 and not one piece of china4 ,this list of household belongings is not exceptional4 ,china is seldom mentioned4 ,but few pieces of porcelain or pottery are named in the inventories of the possessions of the ,new ,jersey farmers whose houses were burned1 and whose household goods were either destroyed or stolen by the soldiers in the ,revolutionary ,war1 and who expected to receive indemnity from the ,government for their losses4 ,we discover therein that each family seldom owned more than three or four china cups and saucers4 ,these records are extremely valuable for reference1 as they are true and faithful lists of the entire household belongings of well-to-do people at that time2 they indicate that china was far from plentiful in ,new ,jersey at that date4 ,watson says in his 8,annals10 8,when china was first introduced into ,america1 it was in the form of tea-sets2 it was quite a business to take in broken china to mend4 ,it was done by cement in most cases1 but generally large pieces1 like punch-bowls1 were done with silver rivets or wire40 ,an advertisement in the ,boston ,evening ,post in #agee reads3 8,this is to give ,notice to all ,them that have any ,broken ,china1 at the ,lion and ,bell on ,marlboro ,street1 ,boston1 they may have it mended by ,riveting it together with a ,silver ,brass ,rivets it is first put together with a ,cement that will stand boiling ,water and then ,riveted40 ,china appears to have been more plentiful in ,philadelphia than in ,new ,york4 ,benjamin ,lay1 the 8,singular ,pythagorean ,cynical ,christian ,philosopher10 to show his hatred of the use of tea1 brought in #agdb all his wife's china into the market-place at ,philadelphia1 and began to break it piece by piece with a hammer2 8but the populace1 unwilling to lose what might profit them1 overset him1 scrambled for the china1 and bore it off whole40 ,as the 8,singular ,pythagorean ,philosopher's0 wife was dead1 this wanton destruction of her dear china was not so cruel as at first appears4 ,an old lady wrote in #ahcj1 about things as they were before the ,war of ,independence--8,pewter plates and dishes were in general use4 ,china on dinner tables was a great rarity4 ,glass tumblers were scarcely seen4 ,punch1 the most common beverage1 was drunk from a silver tankard4 ,china teacups and saucers were half their present size1 and china teapots and coffee-pots with silver nozzles were a mark of superior finery4 ,where we now use earthen ware they then used ,delft ware imported from ,england1 and instead of queen's ware 7then unknown7 pewter platters and porringers made to shine along a dresser were universal4 ,some1 especially country people1 ate their meals from wooden trenchers40 ,that frugal and plain-living man1 ,benjamin ,franklin1 though he constantly impressed upon his wife1 as well as upon the public1 the wisdom and necessity of great economy1 and the propriety and good taste of simplicity in all modes of living1 still could find time and money to pick out for her1 when he was in ,england1 and to send to her many a piece of china for her beaufet in ,philadelphia4 ,he writes thus from ,london1 in ,february1 #ageh1 to his ,deborah3 8,i send you by ,captain ,budden a large case and a small box containing some ,english china1 viz3 melons and leaves for a dessert of fruit and cream or the like2 a bowl remarkable for the neatness of the figures1 made at ,bow1 near this city2 some coffee-cups of the same2 and a ,worcester bowl1 ordinary4 ,to show the difference of workmanship1 there is something from all the china workers in ,england2 and one old true china basin mended2 of an odd color4444 ,i also forgot among the china to mention a large1 fine jug for beer1 to stand in the cooler4 ,i fell in love with it at first sight1 for ,i thought it looked like a fat1 jolly dame1 clean and tidy1 with a neat blue and white gown on1 good-natured and lovely1 and put me in mind of--somebody4 ,look at the figures on the china bowl and coffee-cups with your spectacles on1 they will bear examining40 ,this was certainly a very tender attention on the part of ,franklin1 and one particularly grateful1 doubtless1 to his good dame1 if she loved china as do others of her sex4 ,in #agfe she wrote to her 8dear child0 7of over three score years7 while he was in ,france1 and thus describes a room that she had been furnishing3 8,the blue room has a set of tea china ,i bought since you went from home1 a very handsome mahogany stand for the teakettle to stand on1 and the ornamental china40 ,this latter clause refers doubtless to the fine ,english pieces which he had sent her eight years previously4 ,in spite of all this fine array1 ,mrs4 ,bache wrote thus to her father1 on ,october #cj1 #aggc3 8,we have no plates or dishes fit to set before your friends1 and the queen's ware is thought very elegant here1 particularly the spriged4 ,i just mention this1 as it would be much cheaper for you to bring them than to get them here40 ,let us hope her father took this broad hint and brought the 8spriged0 dishes to his daughter2 and as there still exist among her descendants1 pieces of a set of china bearing little sprigs1 ,i choose to think that they are parts of this very set4 ,illustration3 ,province ,house ,pitcher4 ,a very interesting pitcher of ,english ware of yellowish paste1 with a raised design of vine leaves in vari-colored lustres1 is known to us by the name of the ,province ,house ,pitcher1 because it was found1 with two tall pewter drinking-cups1 hidden behind a panel in the wainscoting of the historic old ,province ,house in ,boston4 ,i fear it is not old enough to have been held by the fair hands of gentle ,agnes ,surriage1 but ,i doubt not some romance attended its imprisonment4 ,by ,revolutionary times a change appeared in the character and quality of the china that was imported to ,america4 ,in the ,connecticut ,courant of ,september1 #aggc1 we read in the advertisement of the 8,staffordshire and ,liverpool ,warehouse10 on ,king ,street1 ,boston1 that they have 8for little more than sterling cost1 a fine sortment of ,crockery ,ware1 consisting of almost every kind of ,china1 ,glass ,delph3 ,cream color1 white1 blue white1 black1 brown1 agot1 tortoise1 melon1 pineapple fruit pattern1 enaml'd1 and many other kinds of ,stoneware4 ,a few complete table services of very elegant printed and painted and guilt ware20 and at a later date 8,cream ,color ,pyramids1 ,candlesticks1 ,inkstands1 ,chamber ,lamps40 ,the advertisements of this importing house are found in the files of ,new ,england papers for many years4 ,every notice of 8,english goods0 arrived from ,england for ,jolley ,allen1 for ,hopestill ,capen1 for ,cotton ,barrell1 three thrifty ,boston shopkeepers1 contained items of ,english and of ,india china4 8,large ,neat ,sortment of ,india ,china ,dishes of ,various forms sizes1 viz3 ,pudding1 ,soup1 ,mackrel1 round1 oval1 ,octagon1 ribb'd1 scallop'd4 ,also a variety of table ,butter ,plates2 ,patty ,pans1 ,bowls ,sauceboats40 ,even in war times there still was china in many shops outside of poor besieged1 war-swept ,boston1 though often only 8a few crates well ,sortid considering the ,scarsity40 ,by #aggh china began to pour into other ports than ,boston4 ,in ,new ,haven were sold in ,august of that year 7and strange to tell1 were advertised to be sold at the very highest price7 8,oval ,dishes of ,several ,different ,sizes1 small ,cream coloured ,plates1 ,punchbowles1 cream colour'd ,teapots1 ,red ditto1 ,blue ditto1 ,colliflower ditto1 ,cream colour'd coffee-cups sausers1 ,tortoise-shell bowles1 enamel'd flat bottom cups40 ,the cream-colored wares of ,wedgwood and of ,liverpool make1 were evidently just beginning to be fashionable1 though the latter had been named in the ,boston ,gazette as early as #agdi4 ,in #aghj we first see the advertisement of ,queen's ware in the ,providence ,gazette1 the ,connecticut ,courant1 the ,boston newspapers4 ,in ,october1 #aghc1 8,an ,assortment of ,yellow ware such as cups1 saucers1 mugs10 was advertised in the ,providence ,gazette1 and again 8,yellow ware both flat and hollow10 meaning plates and pitchers4 ,yellow ware was ,liverpool ware1 and is still so called by country people on the sea-coast4 ,in #aghc there came into ,baltimore1 on the ship ,brothers1 from ,liverpool1 8,queen's ware ,liverpool ware10 and on the ship ,yungfrau ,magretha1 from ,copenhagen1 more ,queen's ware2 and on the ship ,pacifique1 from ,france1 8boxes and barrels of china ware20 and on the ship ,candidus1 from ,amsterdam1 8,delph ware0--and these vessels with their cargoes were all advertised at the same date1 bewildering ,baltimore housewives with the array of 8richness40 ,then came announcements of 8burnt china0--as if it were not all burnt6 ,in ,may1 #aghe1 8,beautiful ,pencil ,chinney ,tile10 and then frequent announcements of 8,pencil ,china10 8,pencil ware10 8,pensil'd ,yellow ware10 all of which were one and the same--,liverpool ware printed with engraved designs4 8,enameled ware0 doubtless meant glazed ware1 and was so called to distinguish it from the unglazed wares of ,wedgwood4 ,the 8,amiled ,milk ,pots0 in the ,boston ,evening ,post of #agdi were doubtless also enamelled4 ,in #aghd and #aghe1 in all ,american newspapers of note appeared announcements of sales of ,nottingham ware1 a favorite importation before the war4 ,soon1 with the growth of ship-building and ,oriental trade1 came the vast influx of ,oriental porcelain direct from ,china1 and advertisements of ,canton china crowded the columns of every ,american newspaper4 ,it is interesting to note the various shapes of china and the names of the pieces that were imported in colonial and ,revolutionary times1 as well as the variety of wares4 ,in the ,boston ,news ,letter of #agdb ,i find 8china boats for spoons40 ,in the ,boston ,evening ,post in #agdi1 8china mugs1 pitchers1 and ,turk caps10 which latter mysterious articles were1 ,i am sure1 china also4 ,what are 8,mint ,stands in delph10 or rather what were they in #agea8 ,in #agec they had 8custard-dishes0 for sale2 and did they have 8terines0 or 8terreens0 before #agfj8 ,i do not find them named at an earlier date4 ,a year later came 8sallade bowls0 and the first 8china handle coffee-cups10 though ,john ,jekyll had had handles on his cups in #agcb4 ,not until #aggb do ,i find 8,enamel'd ,tea cups ,saucers1 with handles to the cups40 ,in #agfc china patch-boxes and china sweetmeat boxes came to ,new ,england4 ,china stoves were advertised1 but ,i think they were rare4 8,china tumblers1 with covers10 seem strange to us4 ,what were the 8yellow klinckers and ,red glaz'd pantils0 advertised in the ,south ,carolina ,state ,gazette in #aghg8 ,china 8sweetmeat and pickle saucers0 came in #aggc1 and 8half pint blue white enameled ,basons with ,sawsers40 ,china milk-jugs1 milk-pots1 milk-cups1 milk-ewers1 and creamers1 all antedated the milk-pitcher4 ,we had sugar-boxes1 sugar-basons1 sugar-pots1 and sugar-dishes before we had sugar-bowls4 8,twifflers0 were of porcelain also--pudding-dishes we call them now4 8,china voiders0 also are advertised for sale4 ,these colonial ceramic articles of nomenclature most unpleasing in sound to modern ears1 were really only an ancient type of what are known to dealers nowadays as 8crumb-trays40 ,into a voider fragments of food remaining on the table--bones and the like--were gathered after a meal by a voiding-knife4 ,pewter voiders abounded1 and 8china baskets and voiders0 appear in newspaper lists in #agdj4 ,doubtless many of these voiders and ,turk caps1 twifflers1 and mint stands have descended to us1 but are known now by the uniform and uninteresting name of dishes4 ,,iv4 ,,early ,,fictile ,,art ,,in ,,america ,in all our wanderings and searchings we have never found any specimens of old ,american china1 for one author says that1 like the snakes in ,iceland1 there are none4 ,the history of the early manufacture of porcelain in this country is so meagre that it is quickly written1 and records of early pottery works are not plentiful1 and specimens are comparatively unobtainable1 and frequently far from beautiful or instructive4 ,still ,i believe that ,america deserves a fuller ceramic history1 and has had a larger manufacture of pottery and porcelain than is generally known4 ,one class of pottery relics should not be neglected by collectors--those of the ,north ,american ,indians4 ,when our ,pilgrim ,fathers landed on the bleak shores of ,new ,england they found the red man using rough bowls and pans of coarse earthen ware as cooking utensils4 ,gookin wrote of them thus3 8,the pots they seethe their food in are made of clay and earth almost in the form of an egg with the top broken off40 ,bradford wrote that the colonists also found great pottery vessels buried in the earth1 containing stores of maize4 ,perfect specimens of the work of ,new ,england savages are rare1 and are usually in a simple bowl shape4 ,in the fragments found in the ,connecticut ,valley mica is mingled with the clay1 as in the old ,celtic wares of ,ireland4 ,wherever the white man landed1 to whatever spot he penetrated1 he found ,indians1 and he also found the ,indians using coarse pottery vessels1 8akeeks10 of their own manufacture4 ,the early accounts of the country--,spanish1 ,portuguese1 ,french1 and ,english--all tell of the use and manufacture of pottery among the ,indians4 ,in the 8,brevis ,narratio0 of ,le ,moyne de ,morgues1 written in the sixteenth century1 we are given illustrations purporting to be of some forms of pottery used by the ,florida ,indians at that time4 ,father ,hennepin1 writing about #afhj1 asserts that before the arrival of ,europeans in ,north ,america1 8both the ,northern and ,southern ,salvages made use of1 and do to this day use1 ,earthen ,pots1 especially such as have no ,commerce with the ,europeans from whom they may procure ,kettels and other ,moveables40 ,it is the fashion among antiquaries to place no confidence in ,father ,hennepin1 but ,i think we may believe this statement of his1 since we have so much additional evidence1 both through past writers and present discoveries4 ,in ,hariot's 8,virginia10 of the date #aeij1 we learn that the ,virginian ,indians 8cooked their meate in earthen pottes4 ,thier women know how to make earthen vessels with special ,cunninge1 and that so large and fine that our potters with thoye wheles can make no better2 and they ,remoue them from place to place as easeleye as we can doe our brassen kettles40 ,the ,cherokee ,indians1 having fine clays of various colors to work with1 made a good class of pottery1 far better than any made by northern ,indians1 some of the vessels being of large size4 ,lieutenant ,timberlake1 who visited them in #agfe1 says he saw one at a 8physic-dance0 that would hold twenty gallons4 ,adair1 writing in #agge1 says that they made 8earthen pots of very different sizes1 so as to contain from two to ten gallons1 large pitchers to carry water1 bowls1 platters1 dishes1 basons1 and a prodigious number of other vessels of such antiquated forms as would be tedious to describe and impossible to name4 ,their method of glazing them is1 they place them over a large pit of smoky pitch pine which makes them smooth1 black1 and firm4 ,their lands abound with proper clay and even with porcelain1 as has been proved by experiment40 ,a description of the vessels of 8antiquated forms0 would1 of course1 have made his account of far more use and interest to us nowadays4 ,william ,bartram1 that intelligent observer1 writing in #aggc1 confirms the accounts of other travellers among the ,indians in ,south ,carolina and ,georgia1 and tells of the discovery of a very interesting earthen pot found in an ,indian mound on ,colonel's ,island1 in ,liberty ,county1 ,ga4 ,he says 8it was wrought all over the outside representing basket-work1 and was undoubtedly esteemed a very ingenious performance by the people at the age of its construction40 ,this burial urn 7for such the pot proved to be7 was indeed a very good piece of work for an ,indian potter1 and is still preserved4 ,it is about fifteen inches in height and ten in its greatest diameter1 of graceful outline1 and is covered with an impressed design of fine basket-work4 ,it was made with an admixture of gravel and powdered shell1 which rendered it strong enough to resist the disintegrating influences of the soil by which it was surrounded4 ,it was enclosed in two outer vessels of ruder workmanship1 which crumbled into fragments upon exposure to the air4 ,within the inner vessel were the bones of a young child4 ,too young to own any earthly possessions to be buried with him1 this little ,indian baby was interred in the tumulus of shell and clay1 in his earthen coffin alone4 ,in the burial mounds of grown persons vast amounts of broken vessels and ashes of other burnt property are discovered4 ,all peoples have at some period of their history had the custom of burying articles of use or value with their dead1 or of burning these possessions at the time of the burial of the dead owner4 ,to this custom1 which existed among the ,north ,american ,indians1 we owe the preservation of nearly all the specimens of their poorly baked1 fragile cooking utensils and burial urns that we now possess4 ,many filled with food and drink were whole when placed in the mound1 but were quickly destroyed and crushed by the sinking earth1 or disintegrated by the moisture4 ,many also remain1 and sherds of ,indian pottery are constantly being brought to light by our civilized ploughshares4 ,it has been erroneously thought by some students that ,indian pottery was only sun-dried2 had it been so1 no specimens would have withstood for so many years the action of the soil and elements1 but would have returned ere this to their old clayey consistency4 ,in examining this ,indian pottery it is easy to see the natural way in which the earliest forms were developed4 ,the gourd1 the shell1 the basket1 the square box of bark--all these primitive shapes of vessels were copied in the pottery4 ,the ornamentation1 too1 was compassed in a simple fashion2 the vessel was sometimes modelled within a rush basket or frame of reeds--thus the impressed design remained upon it4 ,rude dyes were applied4 ,one indented design is said to have been formed by the finger-nail of the ,indian potter2 other designs have been impressed by twisted thongs4 ,all these methods and forms of ornamentation were also used by the ,celtic potters4 ,little pieces of mica or shell were inserted in the wet clay pot1 and were fired in as a further ornament4 ,the earthen vessel was either baked in a rude kiln or inverted over coals of burning wood4 ,we have several very good descriptions of the methods of manufacturing and firing of ,indian potters at a later date4 ,dumont writes in #ahdh1 of the ,louisiana ,indians3 8,after having amassed the proper kind of clay and carefully cleaned it1 the ,indian women take shells which they pound and reduce to a fine powder2 they mix this powder with the clay1 and having poured some water on the mass1 they knead it with their hands and feet and make it into a paste of which they form rolls six or seven feet long1 and of a thickness suitable to their purpose4 ,if they intend to fashion a plate or a vase1 they take hold of one of these rolls by the end1 and fixing here with the thumb of the left hand the centre of the vessel they are about to make1 they turn the roll with astonishing quickness around this centre1 describing a spiral line2 now and then they dip their fingers into water and smooth with the right hand the inner and outer surface of the vase they intend to fashion1 which would become ruffled or undulated without that manipulation4 ,in this manner they make all sorts of earthen vessels1 plates1 dishes1 bowls1 pots1 and jars1 some of which hold from forty to fifty pints40 ,this is a prettier and more domestic picture of the ,indian wife than many we have of the draggled1 overworked squaw digging in the fields1 or carrying the tent-poles on her back like a pack-horse4 ,the whirling coil of clay1 the growing earthen jar1 the deftly-shaping hand1 are certainly picturesque and homely4 ,the ,indian women were potters in all the tribes1 it being deemed unmanly work for a lordly brave4 ,the ,indians of the ,mohawk ,valley1 the ,iroquois1 made much and varied pottery4 ,in the fine collection of ,indian relics owned by ,a4 ,g4 ,richmond1 ,esq41 of ,canajoharie1 ,n4 ,y41 are some very interesting pieces of pottery which have been taken from ,indian mounds--among them two jars of so delicate and friable a character that one wonders how they have ever escaped disintegration and destruction2 also a rare fragment wrought with a representation of the human figure4 ,another form of ,indian pottery must not be forgotten1 for the significance of the pipe in the early history of our country cannot be over-rated4 ,the calumet was a moral1 religious1 and political influence2 on its manufacture and ornamentation the ,indian expended all his skill and his best labor2 and to its suited and significant use he gave his deepest thought4 ,the use of the pipe was a devotional service--the ,great ,spirit smoked ,his pipe1 and his followers did likewise in ,his honor2 it was a political signal--no war was declared1 no treaty of peace was signed without the accompaniment and symbolical use of the pipe4 ,lieutenant ,timberlake says that the ,cherokees made pipes 8of the same earth they made their pots with1 but beautifully diversified10 and he pathetically records that he was forced to smoke so many pipes of peace with them that he was made very unpleasantly sick thereby4 ,this special tribe of ,indians had such fine blue clay1 and knew so well how to mix and prepare it1 that they made better pipes than their neighbors1 and thus pipes became a medium of exchange--,indian money4 ,the strong clay pipes of the ,english settlers were1 as soon as imported1 eagerly sought for and quickly purchased by the ,indians4 ,fine and varied specimens of the pottery vessels and pipes of the various ,indian nations may be found in the cabinets of the ,smithsonian ,institution1 in the rooms of the various ,state historical societies1 in the buildings of our colleges and natural history associations1 and may be studied to advantage by the student of ceramics4 ,a full or worthy history of the fictile art of the ,north ,american ,indians has yet to be written4 ,i doubt if the colonists ever used the ,indian pottery1 for at an early date they began to manufacture bricks and earthen ware1 and having wheels to help them in shaping their pots1 could far outdo the ,indians4 ,they made laws to protect such manufacture4 ,the ,general ,court of ,massachusetts ordered1 as early as #afdf1 that 8tyle earth to make sale ware shall be digged before the first of #i mo and turned over in the last or first before it be wrought40 ,john ,pride1 of ,salem1 was registered as a potter in #afda4 ,he may have helped to establish a pottery in ,danvers1 then a suburb of ,salem1 for the manufacture of earthen ware in that town was coeval with the existence of the settlement2 and the ,danvers pot-works were1 ,i believe1 the first to be established in ,america by any of the colonies4 ,higginson1 writing from ,salem in #afbi1 said1 8,it is thought here is good clay to make bricks tyles and earthen pot as may be4 ,at this instant we are setting a bricke kill to worke to make brickes and tyles for the building of our houses40 ,william ,osborne was the first ,danvers potter1 and his descendants carried on the business in that immediate vicinity for about two centuries4 ,mr4 ,joseph ,reed then took charge as the successor of the house of ,osborne4 ,at the end of the eighteenth century the production of 8,danvers ware0 was extensive4 ,morse's ,gazetteer of #agig says1 8,large quantities of brick and coarse earthen ware are manufactured here40 ,a resident of the town wrote thus in #ahdh1 8,table-ware of ,danvers ,china brought a high price during the late war40 ,to call the common red pottery 8china0 is certainly flattering1 but may be pardoned on account of the local pride of the writer4 ,at the 8time of the late war0--the war of #ahab--there were no less than twenty-six of these pottery works where now there is only one4 ,the situation of the residence and pot-works of ,william ,osborne is still known1 and the manufacture of earthen ware has gone on in the same place without interruption ever since4 ,simple forms only have been made--often lead-glazed--bean-pots1 jugs1 pitchers1 milk-pans1 jars1 etc4 ,we must except1 of course1 the table-ware of war times4 ,this ,osborne kiln is situated in what is called ,peabody1 but in the town of ,north ,danvers there was discovered a few years ago the foundation of an old forgotten kiln1 which had been owned by a potter named ,porter4 ,there is no finer quality of clay than is still found in large quantities within a quarter of a mile of this old ,porter kiln4 ,this clay is1 however1 carried to ,boston and elsewhere instead of being manufactured where it is dug4 ,potters make good citizens4 ,staffordshire men say1 8working in earth makes men easy-minded10 and a community of potters is always orderly1 law-abiding1 thrifty1 and industrious4 ,a larger and constantly increasing manufacture of ,danvers ware should have been encouraged4 ,an enthusiastic local minstrel sings thus of ,danvers pottery and patriots3 8,here plastic clay the potter turned ,to pitcher1 dish1 jug1 pot1 or pan1 ,as in his kiln the ware was burned1 ,so burned the patriot in the man1 ,into persistent shape1 which no ,turning could change back to dough4 ,it might be broken1 ground to dust1 ,but ne'er made ductile as at first40 ,the ,quakers kept up with the ,puritans in the attempt to establish home manufactures and home industries4 ,father ,pastorius wrote in #afhd1 8,of brick kilns and tile ovens1 we have the necessary number40 ,gabriel ,thomas found in ,pennsylvania1 in #afif1 both brick kilns and pot-works4 ,he writes thus to encourage emigration from ,england1 and to show the high wages in the new land4 8,brick-makers have twenty shillings per thousand for their bricks at the kilns1 and potters have sixteenpence for an earthenware pot that may be bought in ,england for fourpence40 ,in ,new ,jersey1 at ,burlington1 ,governor ,coxe1 of 8,west ,jersey10 established in #afij a pottery of considerable size and pretension4 ,the ,virginians kept pace with the ,quakers and ,puritans4 ,as early as #afdi there were several pot-works in ,virginia4 ,potteries were also established on ,long ,island in the eighteenth century4 ,on ,march #ca1 #agce1 8,the widow of ,thomas ,parmynter offers for sale her farm at ,whitestone1 opposite ,frogs ,point4 ,it has twenty acres of clay ground fit for making tobacco pipes4 ,for sale also two negroes1 with utensils and other conveniences for carrying on that business40 ,on ,july #c1 #agch1 the same farm1 with its 8beds of pipe-making clay10 was again sold4 ,on ,may #ac1 #agea1 this advertisement appeared3 8,any persons desirous may be supplied with vases1 urns1 flower-pots to adorn gardens and tops of houses1 or any other ornament made of clay1 by ,edward ,annely at ,whitestone1 he having set up the potter's business by means of a ,german family that he bought 7871 who are supposed by their work to be the most ingenious that arrived in ,america4 ,he has clay capable of making eight different kinds of ware40 ,this was evidently quite a pretentious start in the pottery manufacture1 and with the assistance of the ingenious family of ,german potters1 and the advantages of convenient beds of clay1 ,edward ,annely should have succeeded2 but no record remains to indicate either his success or failure4 ,upon the old farm of ,john ,lefferts1 in ,flatbush1 ,long ,island1 there exists a large pond called by the apparently incongruous name of ,steenbakkery4 ,this pond was formed by the removal of clay for use in a steenbakkery or pottery upon the place1 and from the size of the excavation vast numbers of bricks and coarse stone-ware must have been made4 ,the ruins of the racks for the bricks remained standing within the memory of persons now living4 ,this pond having1 of course1 no outlet through its clay bottom1 has in our present age of sanitary drainage been ordered to be filled in4 ,in ,new ,york ,city1 near 8,fresh ,water ,pond10 back of the ,city ,hall1 a ,german potter named ,remmey established works1 but his descendants were crowded out by the growing city1 and removed to ,south ,amboy4 ,in #agdh the ,state of ,massachusetts offered bounties to encourage the manufacture of earthen ware1 and many new pot-works were established4 8,mangness0 for the use of potters was offered for sale in the newspapers1 and the would-be purchaser was to inquire of the printer1 who in colonial days seemed literally to have a finger in every pie4 ,one of the oldest of these colonial potteries was started previous to the year #agfe1 by a man whose descendants of the same name still conduct the pottery works known as the factory of ,a4 ,h4 ,hews ,co41 in ,north ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,the record of this family firm is so remarkable for ,america that it should be told at some length4 ,not only has the company continued in the same business in an uninterrupted line of the same firm name1 but it possesses a record of a century and a third of unspotted integrity in business dealings4 ,it has passed through times of foreign and civil wars1 through business crises and depressions1 in an even career of honor and fair-dealing1 and now has earned a deserved and independent position1 having the largest manufactory of flower-pots in the world--making many millions yearly--as well as a large and varied line of art pottery4 ,when ,abraham ,hews was pottering around in his little pottery in ,weston1 in #agfe1 making milk-pans and bean-pots1 and jugs and teapots1 and exchanging them for general merchandise1 in which ,new ,england rum and molasses took no inferior part1 he little foresaw the vast business enterprise that would be carried out by his great-grandson in #ahia4 ,the clay used by him in ,weston was brought from ,watertown1 and later from ,cambridge1 and the firm did not move their works to ,cambridge until #ahgj4 ,abraham ,hews1 second1 lived to be eighty-eight years old 7being postmaster for fifty-one years71 and his son lived to be eighty-one years old1 dying in #ahia--the good old ,puritan stock showing in long life as well as in honest life4 ,thus does a chain of only three lives reach to ante-,revolutionary times1 and an ante-,revolutionary pottery4 ,in the ,norwich ,gazette of ,september #ae1 #agif1 we find this advertisement of a pottery3 8,c4 ,potts ,son inform the ,public that they have lately established a ,manufactory of ,earthen ware at the shop formerly improved by ,mr4 ,charles ,lathrop1 where all kinds of said ,ware is made and sold either in large or small quantities1 and warranted good40 ,this pottery was on ,bean ,hill4 ,it is referred to in ,miss ,caulkin's 8,history of ,norwich10 ,dr4 ,peters's 8,history of ,connecticut10 and in ,morse's ,gazetteer4 ,at the commencement of the ,revolutionary war a man named ,upton came from ,nantucket to ,east ,greenwich1 ,r4 ,i41 and there manufactured earthen ware4 ,the pottery when made was baked in a kiln which stood at the corner of ,king and ,marlboro ,streets4 ,he made pans1 bowls1 plates1 cups1 and saucers of common red clay1 a little finer than that now used in the manufacture of flower-pots4 ,as little porcelain was imported from ,europe during the ,war1 people used willingly1 and even eagerly1 the coarse plates1 and drank their 8,liberty ,tea0 from the coarse cups and saucers4 ,the clay came from ,goold's ,mount1 now owned by ,mr4 ,henry ,waterman1 of ,quidneset4 ,after the war was ended ,potter ,upton went back to his safety-assured home on ,nantucket1 and the ,greenwich pottery was closed4 ,in #agic there was a flourishing pottery in ,quasset1 ,windham ,county1 ,conn41 and the pottery carts of ,thomas ,bugbee1 the proprietor1 were well known throughout the county4 ,he made inkstands1 bean-pots1 jugs1 jars1 and many other common shapes1 and the demand for milk-pans alone always kept his kiln running all summer4 ,there was at this time another similar pottery in ,stonington1 owned by ,adam ,states1 who made gray jugs and pots and jars with salt-glaze4 ,another firm at ,norwalk manufactured red ware with a lead glaze4 ,there is a specimen in the ,trumbull-,prime collection4 ,mr4 ,prime says they manufactured mugs1 teapots1 jars1 and milk-pans at this ,norwalk pottery4 ,in #agid a ,mr4 ,fenton1 of ,new ,haven1 set up in ,lynn ,street1 ,boston1 a pottery where 8all manner of stone vessels were made after the manner of imported ,liverpool ware and sold at a lower rate40 ,the clay for this manufacture was brought from ,perth ,amboy1 ,n4 ,j4 ,an article in the ,american ,museum in #agia1 on the existing state of ,american manufactures1 said1 8,coarse tiles and bricks of an excellent quality1 potters' wares1 all in quantities beyond the home consumption1 a few ordinary vessels of stone mixed with clay1 some mustard and snuff bottles1 a few flasks or flagons1 a small quantity of sheet glass1 and of vessels for family use1 generally of inferior kinds1 are now made40 ,dr4 ,dwight1 in #ahbb1 gave among his list of ,connecticut factories and manufactures1 8potteries twelve10 8value of earthen and stone-ware #cj1idj20 and for ,massachusetts1 8earthen ware1 #ah1gjj40 ,though nothing but coarse earthen ware was made in ,america in these colonial days1 the new land played no unimportant part in the first steps toward porcelain manufacture in ,england in the middle of the eighteenth century4 ,it was the custom1 when ,english vessels had discharged their freights in southern ,american ports1 for them to take samples of the alluvial deposits of ,north and ,south ,carolina1 of ,georgia and ,florida1 to carry back to ,england for ,english potters and chemists to experiment upon4 ,the ,bow china-works began to manufacture porcelain about the year #agdd4 ,in that year a sample of china-clay being brought from ,america1 a patent was taken out by ,thomas ,frye1 of ,west ,ham1 ,essex1 and ,edward ,heylyn1 of ,bow1 for the production of porcelain1 of which one of the ingredients was 8an earth1 the product of the ,cherokee nation in ,america1 called by the natives #8unaker4'0 ,when this patent was renewed in #agid1 no mention was made of 8unaker40 ,in ,plymouth a shrewd old ,quaker1 ,william ,cookworthy1 also had his eye upon the ,american china-clay4 ,he wrote to ,mr4 ,hingston on ,may #cj1 #agde1 saying that kaolin and petuntse had been discovered in ,america1 and that he had seen specimens said to have been manufactured from the ,american materials4 ,one letter of his on the subject runs thus3 8,i had lately with me the person who hath discovered the china-earth4 ,he had with him several samples of the china ware of their making which ,i think were equal to the ,asiatic4 ',twas found on the back of ,virginia1 where he was in quest of mines1 and having read ,du ,halde1 he discovered both the petuntse and the kaolin4 ',twas this latter earth which he says is essential to the success of the manufacture4 ,he is going for a cargo of it1 having bought from the ,indians the whole country where it rises4 ,they can import it for #ac per ton1 and by that means afford their china as cheap as common stone-ware4 ,the man is a ,quaker by profession1 but seems to be as thorough a ,deist as ,i ever met with40 ,in #agfh ,cookworthy established the ,plymouth china-works1 but no further mention is made of the deistical ,quaker and his promised cargo of china-earth4 ,in #afee a box of 8porcelain-earth from the internal parts of the ,cherokee nation1 four hundred miles from hence 7,charleston7 on mountains scarcely accessible10 was consigned to another ,english potter1 ,richard ,champion1 who founded the ,bristol china-works4 ,this box of clay was sent by ,champion's brother-in-law1 ,mr4 ,caleb ,lloyd1 of ,charleston1 to be forwarded to the ,worcester china-works to be used there in experiments4 ,at the same time another box was sent to ,champion for a relative of his1 the ,earl of ,hyndford1 who desired ,champion to open it and make experiments with it1 or to give it to ,mr4 ,goldney1 8who is a very curious gentleman40 ,the curious ,mr4 ,goldney declined using the clay1 and ,champion experimented unsuccessfully 8on the principle of ,chinese porcelain10 and then decided to use clay from ,cornwall1 which was 8not so fine as the ,cherokee2 however1 there can be no chance of introducing the latter as a manufacture when it can be so easily procured from ,cornwall40 ,in #agff the ,english ,society for the ,encouragement of ,arts1 ,manufactures1 and ,commerce gave a gold medal to ,mr4 ,samuel ,bowen1 with the inscription that it was given to him 8for his useful observations in china and industrious application of them in ,georgia40 ,it was doubtless the industrious ,mr4 ,bowen's china that was referred to in ,felix ,farley's ,bristol ,journal1 in the issue of ,november #bd1 #agfd4 8,this week some pieces of porcelain manufactured in ,georgia was imported2 the materials appear to be good1 but the workmanship is far from being admired40 ,though this china venture was of enough importance to be-medal its projector1 all traces of its location1 progress1 and fate have been lost4 ,other and more pretentious pot-works were brought into life by the ,massachusetts bounties4 ,in the ,boston ,evening ,post of ,october #cj1 #agfi1 we read1 8,wanted immediately at the new ,factory in ,new ,boston1 four ,boys for ,apprentices to learn the ,art of making ,tortoise-shell ,cream and ,green ,colour ,plates1 ,dishes1 ,coffee and ,tea ,pots1 ,cups and ,saucers and other ,articles in the ,potter's ,business1 equal to any imported from ,england4 ,any ,persons inclined to ,bind out such ,lads to the aforesaid ,business is desired to apply immediately at the said ,factory or at ,leigh's ,intelligence ,office40 ,it is very evident1 from many advertisements at about this date1 that a strenuous and well-directed effort was made to establish and maintain pot-works in ,boston4 ,thus on ,may #ab1 #agfi1 there appeared in the ,boston ,evening ,post this notice3 8,wanted ,samples of different clays and fine ,white ,sand4 ,any ,person or ,persons that will send about #e lbs4 of ,clay and a ,pint of fine white ,sand to ,leigh's ,intelligence ,office1 in ,merchants' ,row1 ,boston1 if it is the sort wanted the ,proprietors will have advantage of ,proposals made to them to supply a quantity40 ,good wages1 too1 for the times1 were offered to workmen1 practised potters4 8,twenty ,dollars per ,month with ,victuals ,drink ,washing and ,lodging given to any persons ,skill'd in ,making ,glazing and ,burning common ,earthen ware who can be well recommended4 ,enquire of the ,printer40 ,all this applying and experimenting and establishing1 and the fact that a ,quaker named ,bartlam1 an unsuccessful ,english master-potter1 had started a pottery in ,camden1 ,s4 ,c41 in the very heart of the clay supply--all this seriously alarmed that far-seeing and shrewd business man1 ,josiah ,wedgwood4 ,he had once before lost his foreman1 ,mr4 ,podmore1 who left him with the intention of establishing pot-works in ,america4 ,mr4 ,chaffers1 a ,liverpool manufacturer1 had caught the intending emigrant during his pre-embarking stay in ,liverpool1 and finding that ,podmore showed so much intelligence and practical knowledge of the business1 had made him sufficiently liberal offers to induce him to remain in ,england4 ,english potters had also emigrated in large numbers4 ,wedgwood wrote thus at that time to his patron1 ,sir ,w4 ,meredith3 8,permit me1 ,sir1 to mention a circumstance of a more public nature1 which greatly alarms us in this neighborhood4 ,the bulk of our particular manufactures are1 you know1 exported to foreign markets1 for our home consumption is very trifling in comparison to what is sent abroad2 and the principal of these markets are the ,continent and ,islands of ,north ,america4 ,to the continent we send an amazing quantity of white stone-ware and some of the finer kinds1 but for the islands we cannot make anything too rich and costly4 ,this trade to our colonies we are apprehensive of losing in a few years1 as they set on foot some pot-works there already1 and are at this time amongst us hiring a number of our hands for establishing new pot-works in ,south ,carolina1 having got one of our insolvent master-potters there to conduct them4 ,they have every material there1 equal if not superior to our own1 for carrying on that manufacture2 and as the necessaries of life and consequently the prices of labour amongst us are daily advancing1 it is highly probable that more will follow them and join their brother artists and manufacturers of all classes who are from all quarters taking a rapid flight indeed the same way40 ,wedgwood did not intend to be left out or left behind in the 8flight0 into the benefits and resources of the ,new ,world2 ,pensacola clay was brought to him in #agff2 and in #agfg1 from ,ayoree 7or ,hyoree as he spelt it71 other clays were fetched1 and the canny potter at once attempted to secure a patent right to the exclusive use of them4 ,a man named ,griffiths1 who had owned in ,south ,carolina a one-third share in three thousand acres of land1 where he had 8attempted the manufacture of maple-sugar after the manner of the ,indians10 now became ,wedgwood's agent in ,america1 under heavy bonds4 ,griffiths1 the owner of the ill-situated maple grove and sugar factory1 went to the ,cherokee country and sent home clay to ,wedgwood to experiment upon4 ,the growing and free use of the ,cornish clays1 however1 rendered the importation of ,american clays as superfluous as it was expensive and inconvenient2 and the interference of the ,revolutionary war destroyed all fear of ,american competition in the manufacture of pottery4 ,the vicinity near ,camden1 ,s4 ,c4 7where the ,bartlam pottery had been established71 was particularly devastated1 many fierce battles being fought around it4 ,in #aghd1 ,richard ,champion1 who was always an enthusiastic lover of ,america1 and who had unsuccessfully experimented in ,england with the ,cherokee clays1 left ,bristol and came to live on a plantation named ,rockybranch1 near ,camden4 ,wedgwood must have felt many apprehensions and fears when ,champion took this step1 for he knew well the energy and determination of the emigrant to ,america1 who had in previous years completely routed him in a long-contested and bitter lawsuit over the use of certain ,english clays in the manufacture of china4 ,wedgwood knew1 too1 ,champion's ability and capacity as a potter1 and without doubt dreaded lest the man who had done such good work at ,bristol should do more and better still when in the land of the ,cherokee clay1 at ,camden4 ,his fears 7if they existed7 were destined never to be realized1 for ,champion became a planter1 filled several public offices in the ,state1 died in #agic1 on the seventh anniversary of the day he left ,england1 and was buried near ,camden4 ,in the year #aggj china-works were in operation in ,philadelphia4 ,they were established by ,gousse ,bonnin and ,george ,anthony ,morris4 ,on ,december #bj1 #agfi1 an advertisement was printed in a ,philadelphia newspaper1 which read thus3 8,new ,china ,works4 ,notwithstanding the various difficulties and disadvantages which usually attend the introduction of any important manufacture into a new country1 the proprietors of the ,china ,works now erecting in ,southwark have the pleasure to acquaint the public that they have proved to a certainty that the clays of ,america are as productive of good ,porcelain as any heretofore manufactured at the famous factory in ,bow1 near ,london40 ,later ,messrs4 ,bonnin and ,morris advertised for 8broken flint-glass and whole flint-stone10 and also for 8shank-bones0 to be delivered at the china factory in ,southwark4 ,in ,april1 #aggb1 they advertised for 8several apprentices to the painting branch10 and encouragement was offered to 8china painters either in blue or enamel10 which latter notice shows that their china products were decorated4 ,they also offered a reward for the production of zaffre1 a compound of cobalt4 ,this china venture failed1 the real estate of the company was sold1 and the proprietors returned to ,england asking public attention and charity for their poor workmen4 ,thus forlornly ended the first porcelain factory in ,america2 and thus tamely subsided the rivalry between ,english and ,american china materials4 ,when we consider the vast natural resources in ,america for the china-maker to draw from--the inexhaustible supply of raw materials--the unlimited beds of rich kaolin1 the vast stores of pipe1 potter's1 ball1 and fire clay--the endless mines of quartz and felspar1 the tinted earths of ,alabama1 the colored kaolin of ,illinois1 the mines of lithomarge in ,tennessee--to say nothing of the boundless wealth of supplies in the far ,west--it seems to us that ,america was very slow--indeed is still very slow in taking advantage of the hints given by ,cookworthy1 by ,champion1 and by ,wedgwood in the eighteenth century4 ,this quickly-ended china factory of ,bonnin and ,morris is the one referred to in the ,edinburgh ,weekly ,magazine of ,january1 #agga1 which says3 8,by a letter from ,philadelphia we are informed that a large china manufactory is established there1 and that better china cups and saucers are made there than at ,bow or ,stratford40 ,benjamin ,franklin1 writing to his wife from ,london in ,january1 #aggb1 after thanking her for the cranberries and apples and various ,american home reminders that she had sent to him1 adds1 8,i thank you for the sauce-boats1 and am pleased to see so good a progress made in the china manufactory4 ,i wish it success most heartily40 ,but writing to an ,english potter in ,november1 #aggc1 he says1 8,i understand the china-works in ,philadelphia is declined by the first owners2 whether any others will take it up and continue it1 ,i know not40 ,mr4 ,prime1 in his book1 gives the information that there were 8some undoubted specimens of the work deposited in the ,franklin ,institute on exhibition40 ,i do not know where those specimens now are4 ,a pair of vases at the ,h4 ,l4 ,d4 ,lewis sale in ,philadelphia1 in ,december1 #ahij1 were catalogued as having been made at this first porcelain manufactory4 ,there is no existing record of the fact that they were produced there1 and no stamp or mark to prove it1 and ,i do not know why they were thus assigned4 ,they were purchased by the ,mount ,vernon ,association for eighteen dollars each1 and can now be seen in ,washington's old home4 ,they stand ten inches in height1 are flat in shape1 about six inches in diameter1 have gilded griffin handles and polished gilt faces1 and are decorated with highly colored views of naval battles4 ,they have an interest to all collectors as being specimens of the first china factory in ,america1 as well as from the fact that they were early ornaments of ,mount ,vernon4 ,philadelphia seems to have taken and kept the lead in the manufacture of porcelain in ,america1 or else we are more fortunate in having the records of ,philadelphia pot-works preserved for us4 ,the ,pennsylvania ,society for the ,encouragement of ,manufactures offered in #aghg1 a 8plate of gold to the value of twenty dollars10 as a prize for the 8best specimen of ,pennsylvania-made earthen ware approaching the nearest in quality to the delft white stone or queen's ware10 and an equal prize for the best salt-glazed ware2 and in #agib a prize of #ej for similar ware4 ,in #ahjh ,alexander ,trotter exhibited at ,peale's ,museum1 in ,philadelphia1 some of the articles manufactured at his ,columbian ,pottery1 which was situated on ,south ,street1 between ,twelfth and ,thirteenth ,streets1 in that city1 while the warehouse was at ,no4 #ff ,north ,second ,street4 ,this business continued until #ahac4 ,the proprietor advertised 8tea and coffee-pots1 pitchers1 jugs1 wine-coolers1 basins1 ewers1 and baking dishes20 and it was also stated that an 8elegant jug and goblets from the queen's ware manufactory0 were used at the ,republican dinner on ,july #d1 #ahjh1 at ,philadelphia4 ,this ware was similar to the ,staffordshire stone wares4 ,in the same year a firm named ,binney ,ronaldson made in ,south ,street1 in ,philadelphia1 red and yellow teapots1 coffee-pots1 and sugar-boxes4 ,at the beginning of the century ,d4 ,freytag advertised that1 at #aib ,south #eth ,street1 ,philadelphia1 he would decorate piece china with gold and silver2 hence he must have had a kiln for firing4 ,in the year #ahjj a pottery1 called the 8,washington ,pottery10 was established by ,john ,mullawney on the north side of ,market ,street1 near ,schuylkill ,south1 in the same city4 ,the productions were called 8,washington ware10 and consisted of pitchers1 coffee-pots1 teapots1 cream-pots1 sugar-boxes1 wash-basins1 bowls1 etc4 ,it was carried on by the same proprietor until #ahaf1 and was in operation for many years after4 ,in #ahac the ,northern ,liberty ,pottery was founded by ,thomas ,haig on the corner of ,front and ,market ,streets1 and the manufacture of earthen ware is still continued by one of his descendants4 ,david ,g4 ,seixas had a similar manufactory at about the same time1 from #ahag to #ahbb1 at ,market ,street near ,schuylkill #fth4 ,in #ahag ,george ,bruorton announced through the ,philadelphia press1 that he would enamel and gild arms1 crests1 ciphers1 borders1 or any device on china1 or queen's ware as good as any imported4 ,also 8china mended by burning in and warranted as sound for use as ever40 ,in #ahbf ,joseph ,keen also decorated china in ,market ,street1 near ,eleventh ,street4 ,so we can plainly see how much the question of china decoration and china-works was thought of in that town4 ,in the year #ahbh1 ,william ,ellis ,tucker had a china store at #hf ,arcade1 in ,philadelphia4 ,he thus advertised3 8,american china of a quality equal in strength and beauty to any that can be imported1 and upon the most reasonable terms4 ,initials or fancy work to suit the taste of individuals will be executed agreeably to order in the neatest style40 ,in the year #ahfh ,miss ,peters presented to the ,historical ,society of ,pennsylvania a porcelain pitcher which had been made at the establishment of ,messrs4 ,tucker ,hemphill4 ,at the request of the ,society1 ,mr4 ,thomas ,tucker prepared the following paper on the manufacture of porcelain in the ,united ,states4 ,,philadelphia1 ,may #ac1 #ahfh4 ,,to ,,the ,,historical ,,society ,,of ,,pennsylvania3 ,,gentlemen3 ,herewith please find a small account of the manufacture of porcelain in the ,united ,states4 ,william ,ellis ,tucker1 my brother1 was the first to make porcelain in the ,united ,states4 ,my father1 ,benjamin ,tucker1 had a china store in ,market ,street1 in the city of ,philadelphia1 in the year #ahaf4 ,he built a kiln for ,william in the back-yard of the store1 where he painted in the white china and burned it on in the kiln1 which gave him a taste for that kind of work4 ,after that he commenced experimenting with the different kinds of clays1 to see if he could not make the ware4 ,he succeeded in making a very good kind of ware called queen's ware4 ,he then commenced experimenting with felspar and kaolin to make porcelain1 and1 after much labor he succeeded in making a few small articles of very good porcelain4 ,he then obtained the old water-works at the northwest corner of ,schuylkill1 ,front1 and ,chestnut1 where he erected a large glazing kiln1 enamelling kiln1 mills1 etc4 ,he burned kiln after kiln with very poor success4 ,the glazing would crack and the body would blister2 and1 besides1 we discovered that we had a man who placed the ware in the kiln who was employed by some interested parties in ,england to impede our success4 ,most of the handles were found in the seggars after the kiln was burned4 ,we could not account for it until a deaf and dumb man in our employment detected him running his knife around each handle as he placed them in the kiln4 ,at another time every piece of china had to be broken before it could be taken out of the seggar4 ,we always washed the round ,os1 the article in which the china was placed in the kiln1 with silex2 but this man had washed them with felspar1 which of course melted1 and fastened with every article to the bottom4 ,but ,william discharged him1 and we soon got over that difficulty4 ,in the year #ahbg my brother received a silver medal from the ,franklin ,institute of ,pennsylvania1 and in #ahca received one from the ,institute in ,new ,york4 ,in #ahbh ,i commenced to learn the different branches of the business4 ,on ,august #bb1 #ahcb1 my brother ,william died4 ,some time before he connected himself with the late ,judge ,hemphill4 ,they purchased the property at the southwest corner of ,schuylkill1 ,sixth1 and ,chestnut ,streets1 where they built a large store-house or factory1 which they filled with porcelain4 ,after the death of my brother1 ,judge ,hemphill and myself continued the making of porcelain for some years1 until he sold out his interest to a company of ,eastern gentlemen2 but being unfortunate in their other operations1 they were not able to give the porcelain attention4 ,in the year #ahcg ,i undertook to carry it alone1 and did so for about one year1 making a large quantity of very fine porcelain1 many pieces of which ,i still have4 ,the gilding and painting is now as perfect as when first done4 ,i herewith present you with a pitcher which ,i made thirty-one years ago4 ,you will notice the glazing and transparency of this specimen is equal to the best imported china2 but the gilding1 having been in use so many years1 is somewhat injured4 ,i would like to give you a larger article1 but ,i have but few pieces left4 ,very respectfully yours1 etc41 ,,thomas ,,tucker4 ,i cannot understand why ,thomas ,tucker should have fancied that his brother was the first to make porcelain in the ,united ,states4 ,could he not have known of the ante-,revolutionary china-works of ,bonnin ,morris8 ,there are in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection several specimens of ,tucker's 8natural porcelain40 ,the paste and glaze are excellent1 but the forms are commonplace1 and the decorations indicate want of experience and taste1 gold being profusely used4 ,at an early date1 certainly in the eighteenth century1 pot-works were established in ,allentown1 ,pa41 and in ,pittsburg1 where decorated pottery was made which resembled ,german manufactures1 and which was often ornamented with mottoes and legends in slip decoration4 ,from #agic to #ahjj ,john and ,william ,norton made red ware in ,bennington1 ,vt42 since then stone-ware has been made in the same works4 ,in #ahdg ,messrs4 ,lyman ,fenton started a pottery in ,bennington1 in which they made both pottery and soft-paste porcelain4 ,these works continued for about twelve years4 ,specimens of their tortoise-shell wares are in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection4 ,one in the shape of a lion is here shown4 ,they also made figures of men and animals in ,parian wares1 the first1 doubtless1 produced in ,america4 ,the impressed circular mark on some of the enamelled pottery was 8,lyman ,fenton ,co4 ,fenton's ,enamel1 patented #ahdi1 ,bennington1 ,vt40 ,illustration3 ,bennington ,ware4 ,in the year #ahcg by far the most important enterprise in the manufacture of pottery and porcelain that had ever been organized in ,america was started under the supervision of ,mr4 ,james ,clews1 who had been a potter in ,cobridge1 ,england1 from the years #ahai to #ahbi1 and who was the largest manufacturer of dark blue ,staffordshire wares at that date4 ,an account of many pieces of his production in his ,english pottery1 and of the stamps and marks used by him1 is given in ,chapter ,,xvii4 ,he emigrated to ,america1 and went to what was then the ,far ,west--to ,indiana2 and with capitalists from ,louisville1 ,ky4--,reuben ,bates1 ,samuel ,cassiday1 ,william ,bell1 ,james ,anderson1 ,jr41 ,edward ,bainbridge1 ,perly ,chamberlin1 ,william ,gerwin1 ,john ,b4 ,bland1 ,willis ,ranney1 and ,james ,lewis--incorporated a company1 under the name of ,the ,indiana ,pottery ,company1 with a capital of #ajj1jjj and power to increase to #bjj1jjj4 ,a special act of ,january #g1 #ahcg 7see ,indiana ,local ,laws1 ,twenty-first ,session1 p4 #g71 states that these parties had 8heretofore associated themselves together for the purpose of manufacturing earthenware and china in the ,state of ,indiana1 under the name and style of ,the ,lewis ,pottery ,company40 ,the ,indiana ,pottery ,company built its works in ,troy1 ,perry ,county1 thus having means of easy transportation by the ,ohio ,river to ,new ,orleans and other important points4 ,mr4 ,clews had amassed much wealth in his ,cobridge works1 but he quickly lost it in this new enterprise in the new land1 which proved far from successful4 ,the chief difficulty lay in the hiring of proper workmen4 ,the ,english potters proved wholly unreliable in this country1 and the expense of importing fresh relays of workmen was too great to be endured4 ,nearly three hundred potters were brought over from ,england4 ,the founders also found it impossible to make white ware with the clay in the vicinity of ,troy1 and of the vast beds of fine kaolin which exist in ,indiana they were doubtless ignorant4 ,the dark blue ware which they manufactured proved far from satisfactory1 and though so brilliantly started by practical and wealthy men1 this pottery was quickly closed1 after making a considerable quantity of yellow and ,rockingham ware4 ,in #ahea a firm named ,sanders ,wilson leased the buildings1 which were burned in #ahed1 but were rebuilt4 ,there are now two potteries in ,troy4 ,in the early part of this century1 probably in #ahbg1 a china factory was established in ,jersey ,city1 ,n4 ,j41 which made hard-paste porcelain4 ,specimens of pure white with gilded vines are in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection4 ,in #ahbi the works became known as the ,american ,pottery ,company1 and pieces of their manufacture at that date bear that mark4 ,this pottery is still in existence1 though known by another name4 ,they made from the year #ahcj the embossed brown pottery pitcher with 8hound handle10 which was also such a favorite with ,english potters from the time it was manufactured at ,fulham4 ,the design for these ,american hound-handled pitchers was made by ,daniel ,greatbach1 a prominent ,english modeller1 who came to this country many years ago4 ,a specimen which ,i possess is of mottled tortoise-shell1 green1 brown1 and yellow1 and bears the design of a hunt around the body and grape-leaves on the top1 but more frequently the pitchers are simply colored brown4 ,some have a mask of ,bacchus on and under the nose1 and one ,i own has the nose formed by an ,american 8spread eagle40 ,they were a favorite hot-water jug in the early years of their manufacture1 their size1 strength1 and shape making them particularly suitable for such a purpose4 ,they were sometimes fitted with metal covers fastened to holes drilled through the pottery4 ,i have seen them twenty inches in height1 and at least three feet in circumference4 ,in some parts of the country they are known as 8tavern pitchers10 perhaps from power of association4 ,such is the one herewith shown1 now owned by ,robert ,t4 ,van ,deusen1 esq41 of ,albany4 ,some were doubtless from ,english potteries1 but many are ,american4 ,glazed brown 8tobys0 with the circular impressed mark 8,d4 ,j4 ,henderson1 ,jersey ,city10 were also made1 but the exact age of such pieces is unknown4 ,illustration3 ,hound-handled ,pitcher4 ,of the later porcelain factories which have been established in ,america ,i will not speak--the factories of ,trenton1 ,baltimore1 ,east ,liverpool1 ,long ,island ,city--which now number over five hundred4 ,their story will doubtless be written ere long by some historian of the ceramic art in ,america1 but hardly comes within the bounds of this work4 ,specimens of their manufacture1 especially of the truly artistic productions of the ,baltimore ,china ,works1 should1 however1 be secured by every china collector1 though they do not appeal so strongly to the china hunter1 to whom the pleasures of the chase often exceed the delight in the spoils1 and to whom old china1 like old wine1 is better than new4 ,v4 ,,earliest ,,pottery ,,wares ,the first rare pieces of porcelain owned by the ,american colonists were ,india china2 but ,delft ware1 salt-glazed ware1 and the tortoise-shell or 8combed0 wares were the earliest forms of pottery that were imported to any great extent4 ,many pieces of heavy blue and white ,delft have been found in ,new ,england1 some being ,dutch1 some ,english4 ,the shapes1 decorations1 and pastes are so similar that it is impossible for even the most careful observer definitely to judge of the place of manufacture1 and there are seldom guiding and aiding marks4 ,in ,connecticut much ,delft is found1 sometimes with ,dutch words and inscriptions4 ,doubtless the ,connecticut planters bargained and traded with the ,new ,york ,dutch1 who perhaps took onions and notions from the canny ,connecticut men in exchange for ,delft4 ,in ,new ,york1 along the ,hudson ,river to ,albany1 much fine ,delft is still preserved in old ,dutch families1 especially in the old ,dutch farm-houses and manor-houses4 ,at the ,albany ,bi-centennial ,loan ,collection1 in #ahhf1 a fine showing was made of old ,delft by representatives of the families of the old patroons--of the ,ten ,eycks1 ,ten ,broecks1 ,bleeckers1 and ,van ,rensselaers4 ,a few stray ,delft wanderers may be found in ,massachusetts and ,new ,hampshire--meat dishes and plates1 pale and ugly1 as if the journey inland had faded them out4 ,on ,long ,island1 ,delft is still kept and used in ,dutch families--it is not the oldest ,delft1 however1 nor is it much prized4 ,the typical ,delft vases1 decorated in blue1 yellow1 and white1 once graced the high mantel or beaufet of many a low1 comfortable ,dutch farm-house in ,flatbush1 ,new ,utrecht1 and ,gravesend1 and occasionally one can still be found4 ,a fine set is in the old 8pirates' house0 at ,flatlands4 ,the ,dutch made many teapots1 we are told1 but ,i have never found an old ,delft one in ,america4 ,i have seen a few dull blue and white ,delft flower-pots--possibly one hundred years old--clumsy1 ugly things1 whether old or new4 ,i wish ,i could drive through the old ,dutch settlements on ,long ,island--,new ,utrecht1 and ,flatlands1 and ,new ,lots1 and ,gravesend--and ransack the great1 spacious garret of every concave-roofed story and a half farm-house ,i passed4 ,i know ,i could bring many a piece of ,delft to light--forgotten and unheeded by its stolid owners4 ,that ,delft was not very highly prized by the ,dutch settlers1 nor by their descendants1 may be proved by many inventories and lists1 such as this1 of the estate of ,john ,lefferts1 of ,flatbush1 made in #agib3 s4 #be ,pewter plates 7#as4 each7 #a #e #cg ,earthen plates #aj #i ,pewter dishes #a #ae #h ,earthen dishes #a #f ,sets china cups and saucers #c #bg ,delft plates #ac ,pewter was plainly much more valued than ,delft1 and ,india china was still more highly prized4 ,illustration3 ,delft ,tea-caddy4 ,old ,delft tea-caddies are both curious and pretty4 ,here is one shown1 marked with the names 8,aalta ,evert and ,gerrit ,egben0 and the date1 #agic4 ,it was doubtless a wedding or betrothal gift4 ,in this piece the dark blue decoration is under the glaze1 and the red and black quaint ,dutch-dressed figures and the inscription are over the glaze1 and were doubtless painted to order and fired when the piece was purchased for a gift or token4 ,this labor-saving device was brought to perfection by a ,dutch potter named ,zachary ,dextra1 though the cunning ,chinese and ,japanese had employed it when they held supremacy over the ,dutch market4 ,if a skilled painter painted under the glaze1 an inferior workman could easily do the finishing touches over the glaze4 ,the ,delft apothecary jars are the rarest and most curious pieces seen1 and form a charming posy-holder4 ,they are eight or ten inches in height1 and are lettered with the abbreviated names of drugs4 8,succ3 ,e4 ,spin3 ,c410 8,u4 ,althae10 and 8,c3 ,rosar3 ,e40 are on three of my jars4 ,they frequently have a spout on one side1 and are then usually globose in shape1 with a spreading base4 ,some have handles4 ,when the ,dutch used these jars1 a century or more ago1 they covered the open top with tightly-tied oil-skin and poured the medicinal or chemical contents from the spout1 which1 at other times1 was kept carefully corked4 ,these jars are identical in shape with the old 8sirroop-pots0 of ,dutch museums2 for instance1 the one made by ,haarles1 the eminent plateelbakker1 in #agie1 as a 8proof of his skill10 and now preserved in the archives at ,delft4 ,the most familiar and universal decoration on ,delft plates and meat dishes is the conventionalized 8peacock0 design4 ,it sometimes takes rather a ludicrous appearance1 often forming a comical caricature of a ballet-dancer4 ,a coarsely-drawn basket of flowers is also common4 ,i have also seen in ,america specimens of the 8musical plates0 of ,delft4 ,these bear designs of musical instruments1 scores of song or dance music1 or simply a staff with a few notes1 a motif1 accompanied usually by inscriptions1 mottoes1 or couplets1 sometimes in ,dutch1 sometimes in ,french1 the latter showing usually so decided a touch of extreme opera-bouffe quivoque that such 8musical plates0 would scarcely be in demand for family use1 and make us turn to the ,dutch-lettered pieces as being more desirable simply because the language of their decoration is less widely known and comprehended4 ,even these cannot be positively classed as ,dutch1 for the early ,english potters copied servilely the ,dutch designs4 ,the vases often have figures of men and animals and ,dutch landscapes4 ,a fine collection of ,delft plates and placques and vases may be seen in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection4 ,illustration3 ,delft ,vase4 8,fine ,holland ,tile0 was advertised in the ,boston ,news ,letter of ,june #aa1 #agaf--the first announcement of the sale of ,delft in ,america1 though not in the form of table-ware--and in the same paper1 under date of ,august #aj1 #agai1 we find a notice of 8,dutch ,tile for ,chimney40 ,from that date1 all through the century1 in the various newspapers1 we find constantly recurring advertisements of ,delft chimney tiles on the arrival of every foreign ship4 ,they must have been imported in vast numbers1 and were not expensive2 8#i dozen ,dutch tiles1 #a #ajs41 #aj dozen ,dutch tiles1 #b #ajs410 were the values assigned4 ,in spite of these facts ,i have found them very rare in ,new ,england--they have wholly disappeared4 ,in historical rooms1 in museums1 they may be seen1 but seldom in old houses4 ,the ,robinson ,house in old ,narraganset has a fine set2 in a few old houses in the ,connecticut valley ,i have seen sets of the coarsely painted 8scripture tiles0 so disparaged by ,benjamin ,franklin1 but they are rare4 ,even on ,long ,island and on the banks of the ,hudson they are now seldom found4 ,storytellers of ,new ,england life usually place blue and white tiles around their ,yankee fireplaces1 but they are more plentiful in the imagination of such narrators than in reality4 ,with the various changes in the manner of heating ,new ,england dwellings1 the chimney tiles have all vanished1 even when the houses still stand1 and nearly all the old city houses have been entirely removed to make way for more modern business structures4 ,english potters made tiles in such close imitation of the ,dutch that it is impossible to distinguish between them4 ,doubtless many of the 8blue and white chimney tile0 so largely advertised were ,english manufactures imported under the name of ,dutch tiles1 while still others were not chimney1 but roof tiles4 ,there have been found in ,new ,england1 in numbers which seem rather surprising when we consider their age1 ale-jugs of gray and blue stone-ware which are universally known as ,fulham jugs4 ,they resemble in quality and coloring the ,german stone-ware or our common crocks1 being of the same gray ware with a lead glaze4 ,they are decorated with rich blue like the ,german wares1 and have an incised design of leaves and scrolls1 circles or simple flowers4 ,i have seen a number which bore in the front an oval medallion with the incised initials ,g4 ,r41 sometimes also a crown4 ,these are said to refer to ,georgius ,rex1 the first of the ,english ,georges4 ,i know of one ,g4 ,r4 mug which has an additional interest in the form of a bullet of the ,revolution imbedded in its tough and uncracked side4 ,some of these ,fulham jugs have apparently had silver or pewter lids attached to them4 ,they are what are known as bottle-shaped1 round and protuberant1 narrowing to a small neck and base2 others are more slender1 almost cylindrical4 ,there are no marks to prove them to be ,fulham jugs1 but as such they are known4 ,other ,fulham jugs are found of brownish mottled stone-ware with hound handle and raised decoration in the body of figures of the chase1 and with mask of ,bacchus forming the nose4 ,these have been frequently reproduced in ,american potteries and when unmarked1 it is difficult to determine which are ,english4 ,illustration3 ,fulham ,g4 ,r4 ,jug4 ,pieces of salt-glazed ware have been found in country homes by many china hunters1 and are among the most pleasing articles to be obtained4 ,the date of their manufacture was from #afhj to #aghj4 ,an interesting story is told of the discovery of the process of glazing this ware4 ,a servant maid having1 in the year #afhj1 allowed a pot of brine to boil over1 the dull earthen pot containing the brine became red hot1 and when cold was covered with a bright glaze4 ,a sharp potter perceiving it1 at once utilized the hint4 ,the story is pretty1 but it can scarcely be true1 for such a glaze could not be formed in an open place4 ,but salt-glaze there is1 and in ,america too1 of the very earliest manufacture--,crouch-ware1 or1 as it is incorrectly and inappropriately called1 ,elizabethan-ware4 ,crouch is the name neither of a person nor of a place1 but of the white ,derbyshire clay4 ,the paste made from this clay is very dense1 and is of a greenish tint4 ,the ,elers-ware of buff ground with simple raised scrolls and rosettes of white are also of early date4 ,some of the salt-glazed pieces were shaped by pressing the moist paste into metal moulds1 other pieces were 8cast0 in moulds of plaster of ,paris1 the slip or liquid paste being introduced to line the mould1 and allowed to set1 and this operation being repeated until the piece was of required thickness4 ,as the taste for light delicate wares increased1 some were made as light and thin as paper4 ,if the piece were 8cast0 the handles1 nose1 and feet 7if it possessed any7 were moulded and placed on separately4 ,the moulds used were frequently the worn-out moulds that had been used for casting silverware2 hence pieces of salt-glazed ware usually resemble in shape the pieces of silver of the same date4 ,the characteristic feature of salt-glazed ware--the quality from which it derives its name--is its glaze4 ,this is easily recognized4 ,it does not run and spread like other glazes1 but seems to form into minute coagulated drops or granulations resembling somewhat the surface of orange-peel4 ,the glaze is often unequal1 being higher on some portions of the piece than others1 the vapor of soda 7through which the glaze was made7 not penetrating with equal power to every point4 ,thus one side of a piece may be dull and the other highly glazed4 ,the largest and finest example of salt-glazed ware which ,i have seen in ,america is the exact duplicate of the best specimen in the ,museum of ,practical ,geology1 in ,jermyn ,street1 ,london1 numbered ,g4 #aaa4 ,it is thus described in the catalogue of that museum3 8,large oval soup-tureen1 cover1 and stand4 ,height1 ten inches2 greatest diameter1 fourteen and one-half inches4 ,body decorated with pressed ornaments1 including scroll-work and diaper and basket pattern2 the tureen mounted on three lion's claws with masks40 ,this tureen is dated #agfc4 ,the beautiful and delicate specimen found in ,america is absolutely perfect4 ,it bore the difficult process of making and firing 7specially difficult in so large a piece71 crossed the water to the new land of ,virginia1 passed through generations of use and the devastations of the ,revolutionary and civil wars1 was gathered in by a travelling dealer1 brought in safety by rail to ,new ,york1 and ignominiously sold for a dollar and a half to its present proud possessor4 ,it was doubtless cast in the same mould as the one in the museum4 ,another similar piece is in the well-known ,english collection of ,lady ,charlotte ,schreiber4 ,a large number of smaller pieces of salt-glazed ware have been found1 including salt-boxes1 creamers1 and one beautiful teapot which is so graceful and unique in design that it has been honored by being borrowed by a prominent china-manufacturer in ,england to reproduce in his modern ware4 ,thus this frail waif from the middle of the last century has thrice crossed the ocean in safety4 ,illustration3 ,sportive ,innocence ,pitcher4 ,illustration3 ,farmer ,pitcher4 ,the pitchers shown are of salt-glazed ware and may be ,crouch-ware1 though they are apparently of rather later date4 ,the first bears in a heart-shaped medallion a design of high-colored children at awkward play1 and is labelled 8,sportive ,innocence40 ,similar ones are frequently found in ,america4 ,i know of at least a dozen4 ,some bear on the reverse side a different design with the same children entitled 8,mischievous ,sport40 ,in this the boy is frightening the little girl with an ugly mask4 ,other pitchers of precisely the same shape and borderdecorations in orange1 green1 and blue have different designs in the medallion1 a peacock being frequently seen4 ,the farmer's pitcher has the motto 8,success to ,trade10 and is surely older as well as gayer in color than the 8,sportive ,innocence0 pitcher4 ,there were imported to ,america in great quantities1 as is shown by many eighteenth-century advertisements1 8tortoise-shell0 and 8combed pattern0 wares1 also the pretty cauliflower1 melon1 and pineapple wares that have been reproduced in our own day4 ,these were manufactured chiefly at ,little ,fenton by ,thomas ,whieldon1 a man who influenced much the potters' art in ,england from the year #agdj to #aghj1 during five of which years he was a partner with ,wedgwood4 ,there are only two specimens of these wares in the ,museum of ,practical ,geology1 and ,mr4 ,jewitt wrote in #ahgc3 8,these wares are now very scarce and are highly and deservedly prized by collectors40 ,at the time he wrote he could have gathered in ,america scores1 even hundreds1 of pieces of the ,whieldon wares for ,english collections4 ,dr4 ,irving ,lyon1 of ,hartford1 has a fine collection of them which he picked up in the cottages of the ,connecticut ,valley--a collection which any ,english china-lover would envy4 ,whieldon was a man of great energy1 with a practical knowledge of his art1 and he spent much time in his works perfecting his patterns and processes4 ,he compounded the bright green glaze so admirable in his ware1 shown so beautifully in the cauliflower and melon patterns1 through the contrast with the cream color4 ,he also was a modeller1 and from the imitation of leaves1 and fruits1 and vegetables derived his best-known and most successful patterns1 and the novelty and ingenuity of many of them charm us even in the present day4 ,the bird and animal shapes being grotesque rather than useful1 seldom came to ,america4 ,i have seen here1 however1 several tortoise-shell cows and one combed bird4 ,the tail of the cow forms the handle of the pitcher1 the liquid being poured from the nose4 ,reproductions of these are now made at ,jeffords ,pottery in ,philadelphia4 ,little cradles and posy-holders1 too1 are found1 sometimes with dates4 ,whieldon's two-handled 8parting-cups10 ornamented with raised grapes1 leaves1 and tendrils and a head of ,bacchus1 are much more scarce than the melon and cauliflower teapots1 mugs1 and dishes2 and his perforated ware ,i have never seen in ,america4 ,some of the pieces of his manufacture are stamped and afterward shaped somewhat by hand1 others are cast1 others pressed in moulds4 ,the 8cast0 pieces are considered to be of earlier date1 and may be known by their being thinner and more delicate than the moulded ones4 ,the mottled browns1 greens1 and yellows of the tortoise-shell and combed wares1 like all of ,whieldon's decorations1 are under the glaze1 and are very rich in tone1 forming a delightful bit of color in cupboard or cabinet4 ,occasionally a purple mottle is seen4 ,the colors were sponged1 floured1 or blown on1 painting and printing on pottery being then unknown4 ,these pieces of ,whieldon's are all unmarked1 and doubtless many specimens in ,america came from the ,wedgwood factory1 for similar wares were made there4 ,i hardly know how to account for the fact that ,i have found so few1 comparatively few1 pieces of undoubted ,wedgwood ware in old houses in ,new ,england4 ,that vast quantities came to ,america we cannot doubt4 ,wedgwood says so himself in his letter quoted on page #hh4 ,in other letters he refers again and again to consignments made to the ,american market1 8the green and white wares10 8the ,queen's wares10 8the cream wares10 etc4 ,that these consignments were sent largely to the various points supplied from the ,charleston and ,philadelphia markets is known1 and in those regions the black basalts-ware1 at least1 is more plentiful than in ,new ,england4 ,much ,wedgwood ware must have come also to the ports of ,boston1 ,newport1 and ,new ,haven4 ,these wares may have been plentiful in the ,connecticut ,valley1 but ,i have seen little in other parts of ,new ,england4 ,a good opportunity of studying the various productions of the ,wedgwood factory is given through the specimens in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection4 ,there are at least one hundred 8lots0 of ,wedgwood there shown1 and the cameos and intaglios1 the jasper-wares1 the basalts1 the queensware1 the painted wares are all illustrated by choice and varied pieces4 ,the story of ,wedgwood's life ,i will not even give briefly1 though the beauty and lesson of it make one long to tell it till every ,american china-manufacturer learns to read between the lines the story of personal supervision1 patient trial1 unwearied labor1 honest ambition1 and liberal broadness that made his life a success and his productions a delight4 ,miss ,meteyard and ,mr4 ,jewitt have given it in careful detail1 and every word is of keenest interest and importance to the china collector4 ,from these books1 and from the beautiful volumes of engravings and photographs of ,wedgwood ware preserved in ,english collections1 the ,american china hunter can learn1 if not from the specimens themselves4 ,a few of the ,wedgwood cameo medallions are found in ,america4 ,wedgwood sent as a gift to ,thomas ,jefferson three exquisite medallions2 two were oval and one oblong in shape4 ,they were in blue and white jasper1 with mythological designs4 ,the largest was twelve inches long and six inches wide1 and bore the lovely design of ,cupid and ,psyche with troops of attending loves4 ,jefferson had them set in the front of a mantel in a room at ,monticello1 and one of them dropped out and was destroyed before the family sold the house4 ,the others were picked or cut out and stolen4 ,mrs4 ,ellen ,harrison1 the oldest living descendant of ,jefferson1 tells me that during a visit to ,monticello1 some years before the present owner took possession1 she found on the floor a tiny bit of blue jasper showing the foot and leg of one of the loves4 ,thus did this ,english cherub cast from his feet the dust of an inartistic and relic-hunting nation of vandals4 ,oh1 the pity that things so beautiful could be so wantonly destroyed6 ,would that everything that ,wedgwood made had been endowed with qualities of immortality and indestructibility to live forever as lessons and examples for future generations of potters4 ,occasionally a jasper medallion is found here with ,wedgwood's famous anti-slavery design1 a kneeling slave with fetters falling from his hands1 and the motto1 8,am ,i not a ,man and a ,brother80 ,dr4 ,darwin says that 8,wedgwood distributed many hundreds of these to excite the humane to attend to and assist in the abolition of the detestable traffic in human creatures40 8,whether1 ,o friend of art1 the gem you mould ,rich with new taste1 with ancient virtue bold1 ,or the poor tortur'd slave on bended knee1 ,from ,britain's sons imploring to be free40 ,many found their way to ,america and a few are still preserved4 ,occasionally also a rich dessert-service of old ,wedgwood ware is seen4 ,two superb ones were brought across the water by a sea-captain at the beginning of this century and landed at ,hudson1 ,n4 ,y4 ,a fair young bride saw and coveted one of these china treasures1 but stern and frugal parents were horrified at the thought of spending seventy dollars for such an unnecessary luxury4 ,the bridegroom1 ,silas ,e4 ,burraws1 at a later date the starter of the monument to the mother of ,washington1 more extravagant and more indulgent1 bought it as a wedding gift4 ,it is 8queen's ware0 of the rich blue1 red1 and gold design which is known among ,american dealers as 8,queen ,charlotte's pattern40 ,the fruit dishes and comports are of the unique and perfect shapes often found in ,wedgwood ware4 ,i have seen a single plate of this pattern in a shop labelled with the price 8thirty dollars40 ,the price given for a similar one in the ,south ,kensington ,museum was four pounds4 ,i know also of one or two dinner services of yellow ,wedgwood ware1 with the vine and grape border in white1 early works of ,wedgwood1 clear and firm in outline and beautiful in quality4 ,the frail fluted bowl1 the graceful pitcher with twisted handle1 and the fragile creamer of queen's ware shown on page #a are all ,wedgwood of lovely shape and so thin and delicate a paste1 that it is wonderful that they have been safely preserved for a hundred years outside a collector's cabinet1 and stranger still1 have been used upon the tea-table of a country home4 ,illustration3 ,castleford ,teapot4 ,a pottery was founded at ,castleford in #aggj1 and black basalt ware1 much like ,wedgwood's1 was made1 and white stone-ware which must have been imported to this country in vast quantity1 for specimens are not rare4 ,a teapot commonly seen is here shown4 ,it is found both in black basalt1 a curious brown ware1 and salt-glazed cream ware4 ,special raised work designs of the figure of ,liberty and the ,american eagle were used1 and the sugar-bowls1 creamers1 and teapots bearing such designs were doubtless made entirely for this market4 ,the white surface of ,castleford ware was frequently divided into compartments by raised lines which were colored blue or green4 ,teapots were made with lids hinged on metal pins1 or with sliding lids1 and were exceedingly pretty and convenient4 ,they are often called ,wedgwood1 as are also pieces of ,castleford black ware4 ,,vi4 ,,english ,,porcelains ,,in ,,america ,as soon as porcelain was manufactured to any extent in ,england it was exported to ,america4 ,the ,boston ,evening ,post of ,november1 #aged1 advertised 8a variety of ,bow ,china ,cups and ,saucers and ,bowls10 and other sales of ,bow china were made1 and special pieces also brought across the ocean to wealthy ,americans4 ,specimens of ,plymouth and ,bow china may still be occasionally found in ,america1 but any such that have been preserved and gathered into private collections can be positively identified only by comparison with authenticated and marked pieces in public collections4 ,it would be impossible to give any definite ,bow marks4 ,the stamp or design of the anchor and dagger is popularly considered proof that the piece thus marked is ,bow4 ,the triangle1 formerly regarded as a positive ,bow mark1 now appears to have a rather shaky reputation1 and is as frequently assigned to ,chelsea4 ,the character and shape of the ware1 and the style of the decoration are better grounds to base identification upon than any marks4 ,excavations made upon the site of the old ,bow china-works revealed much dbris of broken pieces of china1 and these specimens afford the most positive means of identifying the paste and ornamentation4 ,an account of these discoveries was given in the ,art ,journal of #ahfi4 ,all the fragments found were of porcelain1 milky-white in color1 and relatively heavy for the thickness2 some were ornamented in relief1 with the ,may flower or hawthorn2 with a little sprig of two roses and a leaf on a stalk2 with the basket pattern2 or with vertical bands overlaid with scrolls4 ,some were painted in blue under the glaze with ,chinese landscapes1 flowers1 and figures4 ,all were hand-painted1 none were printed4 ,these hints may serve as guides in the detection and identification of ,bow china4 ,i have seen in ,america cups and saucers painted with the partridge pattern1 which ,i believe are ,bow1 though the same pattern is found on ,worcester and ,plymouth china4 ,the well-known and exceedingly valuable goat milk-jugs that1 after forming for years the immovable standard from which streamed defiantly the flag of ,bow1 are now calmly turned over to ,chelsea4 ,these creamjugs are ornamented with two white goats in relief at the base1 and a bee is modelled on the front under the nose4 ,the handle is rustic with raised flowers4 ,these jugs often have the triangle mark4 ,some are painted with flowers1 others are plain white porcelain4 ,mr4 ,jewitt says they were sometimes made without the raised bee1 but ,i have never seen such an one4 ,two of these ,bow jugs were in the ,strawberry ,hill collection4 ,a very excitable young woman came rushing home one cold winter day1 in ,new ,york1 with a demand for the 8china books40 ,she had seen in an antique shop1 such a funny and pretty little pitcher1 with a raised bee on it1 and she was sure that there was a picture of it somewhere in the books--and she found it in ,mr4 ,prime's book on pottery and porcelain--a ,bow goat cream-jug4 ,well1 it snowed1 and was cold1 and was late in the afternoon1 and the confident young collector deferred a purchasing visit till the following morning4 ,alas6 such a sickening disappointment--some miserable despoiler had chanced to 8drop in0 on his way up-town and had carried off the treasure4 ,worse still1 the small boy who had sold it did not know the purchaser's name4 ,illustration3 ,plymouth ,salt-cellar4 ,bow 8,goat ,cream-,jug40 ,deeply did she mourn her ignorance1 her indecision1 her indolence1 her carelessness4 ,the opportunity of a lifetime had thus been lost1 to have a goat cream-jug such as was sold at the ,cother sale in ,london1 in #ahgf1 for twenty-five pounds1 to have such a jug offered for the paltry sum of one dollar1 and to refuse it--not to know enough to grasp such a treasure4 ,the bitterness of regret and of self-reproach nerved her to action1 and with the friendly and actively interested aid of the antique-shop-boy1 the jug-buyer was waylaid within a month's time and cajoled into reselling his purchase1 which he did willingly enough4 ,he had bought it to keep his shaving brush in1 because his father used to keep his shaving brush in a similar one in ,england4 ,with flecks of dried shaving soap clinging to the goat's horns1 and mottling the bee's wings1 she triumphantly brought her treasure home4 ,it varies slightly in height and by the turn of a leaf and twig from my ,bow goat cream-jug1 which came from the ,cavendish-,bentinck sale in ,london4 ,the porcelain of the ,new ,york captive of the chase is not so pure and clear and it may be of ,chelsea manufacture4 ,another dainty piece of ,bow found by a friend is a creamer or sauce-boat of the overlapping leaf pattern4 ,the handle is formed by a leaf stem2 raised flowers are at the base of the handle1 and on the leaves flowers are delicately painted4 ,this is like ,number 8,h4 #ab0 in the ,museum of ,practical ,geology4 ,the beautiful tall coffee-pot here shown is ,plymouth with embossed surface and ,chinese style of decoration in blue4 ,its cover was destroyed1 alas6 by some careless ,newburyport housewife4 ,the salt-cellar of pure unpainted porcelain on page #aba is undoubtedly ,plymouth also1 being clearly marked4 ,the design of vine leaves and grapes is very delicate and perfect4 ,the piece came from an old home in ,baltimore4 ,though ,bristol china was manufactured only from the year #agfh to #agha1 and though pieces are rare and high-priced in ,england1 it is possible to obtain specimens in ,america4 ,perhaps some invoices of the ware of the short-lived factory were sent to the new land by ,richard ,champion1 the founder of the ,bristol ,works1 for he was an enthusiastic lover and admirer of ,america4 ,in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection are a large number of pieces classed as ,bristol because they have the ,bristol cross1 but not assigned definitely to that factory4 ,illustration3 ,plymouth ,coffee-pot4 ,the few ,bristol pieces ,i have seen in ,american homes are portions of tea-services1 teapots being more plentiful than other forms4 ,some have an imperfect or blistered glaze1 but occasionally fine specimens are found4 ,it is impossible to state the value of ,bristol china4 ,in the ,governor ,lyon sale there were two lovely ,bristol cups and saucers decorated with a heavy gold rim and oriental landscape in dark blue1 that sold for four dollars each4 ,a plate with the same decoration brought only a dollar and a half4 ,the most beautiful and interesting piece of ,bristol porcelain in existence is in ,america4 ,it is owned by ,mrs4 ,james ,m4 ,davis1 of ,camden1 ,south ,carolina4 ,she is a great-granddaughter of ,richard ,champion and inherited it from him4 ,this lovely piece is a funerary design--a mourning female figure leaning against a pedestal bearing a funeral urn4 ,in one hand she holds a wreath4 ,the beauty of the figure1 the grace of the attitude1 and the elegance of the drapery combine to make this statue exceedingly exquisite4 ,it was made by the ,english potter as a memorial for his daughter1 ,eliza ,champion1 who died in early youth--a memorial such as was tenderly though crudely suggested by the carefully made burial urn of the ,indian mother4 ,the inscription is so simple and so touching1 and is couched in such quaint old-time diction that ,i copy it in full4 ,,eliza ,,champion ,ob4 ,,xiii ,octob4 ,,mdcclxix ,a,etat ,,xiv ,nat4 ,,xxi ,mart4 ,,mdcclxvi ,on the cornice of the pedestal are the words3 8,,ostendent ,,terris ,,hanc ,,tantvm ,,fata ,,nec ,,vltra ,,esse ,,sinent40 ,illustration3 ,bristol ,memorial ,figure4 ,on the dado this inscription3 8,we loved you1 my dear ,eliza1 whilst you were with us4 ,we lament you now you are departed4 ,the ,almighty ,god is just and merciful1 and we must submit to ,his will with the ,resignation and ,reverence becoming human frailty4 ,he has removed you1 ,eliza1 from the trouble which has been our ,lot1 and does not suffer you to behold the ,scenes of horror and distress in which these devoted ,kingdoms must be involved4 ,it is difficult to part with our beloved ,child1 though but for a season4 ,yet our ,interest shall not be put into competition with her felicity1 and we will even bear her ,loss with ,chearfulness4 ,happy in each other1 we were happy in you1 ,eliza1 and will with contented minds cherish your memory till the period arrives1 when we shall all again meet and ,pain and ,sorrow shall be thought of no more4 ,r4,c4--,i4,c40 ,on the plinth lines altered from ,book ,i41 ,ode ,,xxiv41 of ,horace are printed thus3 7,,qvis ,,desiderio ,,sit ,,pvdor ,,avt ,,modvs ,,tam ,,chari ,,capitis8-- --,,cvi ,,pvdor1 ,,et ,,jvstitiae ,,soror ,,incorrvpta ,,fides1 ,,nvdaqve ,,veritas ,,qvando ,,vllam ,,invenient ,,parem8 ,,dvrvm6 ,,sed ,,laevius ,,fit ,,patientia1 ,,qvicqvid ,,corrigere ,,est ,,nefas47 ,on the base3 8,,this ,,tribute ,,to ,,the ,,memory ,,of ,,an ,,amiable ,,girl ,,was ,,inscribed ,,on ,,her ,,coffin ,,the #af,,th ,,of ,,october1 #aggi1 ,,by ,a ,,father ,,who ,,loved ,,her40 ,who could read1 even after a century's time1 this beautiful and tender tribute to the gentle young girl1 who died so many years ago1 without feeling deep sympathy with the bereaved father1 8who loved her80 ,the unsuccessful worker and the patriot speak plainly also in the lines3 8,he has removed you from the trouble which has been our ,lot and does not suffer you to behold the scenes of horror and distress in which these devoted ,kingdoms must be involved40 ,mrs4 ,davis also possessed some of the beautiful ,bristol figures of ,spring1 ,summer1 and ,winter1 and she patriotically sent them for exhibition at the ,centennial ,exposition in ,philadelphia1 in #ahgf4 ,like many another rare and beautiful article sent confidingly there at that time1 they were never returned to their owner4 ,this loss must have been hard to endure with patience1 not only from the historical and hereditary value and interest of the pieces1 but also because the previous year duplicate pieces of ,bristol were sold in ,london for #ed each4 ,one of the most beautiful of ,richard ,champion's productions in ,england or ,america is the medallion plaque of ,franklin1 described in ,chapter ,,xiv4 ,mr4 ,owen's description of ,bristol china is very clear and concise4 8,the pieces are graceful in form and well moulded1 the flowers brilliant in colour and skilfully painted2 and the gilding1 bright though unburnished1 is of that particularly rich and solid character that always distinguished the manufacture4 ,though it often bears ,dresden marks1 and is moulded in ,dresden shapes1 the quality of the paste is so different that it is easily distinguished from the ,dresden4 ,the glaze is rich and creamy white1 while the ,dresden has a cold1 glassy surface40 ,illustration3 ,crown ,derby ,covered ,dish4 ,crown ,derby is seldom picked up by the china hunter--never ,i believe in country homes in ,new ,england4 ,near ,new ,york a few rare pieces have been found4 ,miss ,henrietta ,d4 ,lyon1 of ,staten ,island1 has part of an exceedingly rich and elegant ,crown ,derby dinner service painted in delicate colors and gold1 one covered dish of which is here shown4 ,the gilding and painting upon these pieces is in the highest style of artistic beauty and dexterity4 ,they bear the mark used at the ,derby factory from #aghd to #agif4 ,the most common piece offered to the china hunter in ,new ,england is what is known as the willow-pattern ware4 ,it was made first by ,thomas ,turner1 at ,caughley1 in #aghj4 ,he manufactured both pottery and porcelain4 ,i often have wished that he had never invented that willow-pattern4 ,i have had it thrust in my face for purchase until ,i could scarcely bear to look at it4 ,i have had visions of dainty ,bow1 ,bristol1 and ,plymouth china brought before me through vivid but uncertain description1 only to come face to face with more printed willow-pattern4 ,i should imagine that a large proportion of all that ever was made was sent to ,america4 ,and it has been made in vast quantities1 too1 for it has been certainly the most popular pattern ever printed anywhere on stone-ware or porcelain4 ,mr4 ,jewitt says3 8,early examples bearing the ,caughley mark--the cups without handles and ribbed and finished precisely like the ,oriental1 are rare40 ,of course they are1 in ,england1 but not in ,america2 as the prices prove at the ,governor ,lyon sale4 ,old willow-pattern plates sold there for one dollar each4 ,pieces of willow-pattern ware are often of astounding age and fabulous value4 ,forty dollars is the favorite price that knowing country owners assert they can get in the city for their willow-pattern platters4 ,i have a favorite formula which ,i always use in answer to these aspiring traders--my 8willow-pattern answer40 ,i reply1 gravely1 8,yes1 that pattern is priceless40 ,it does not mean anything and it pleases them1 and if you told them that the platter was worth about two or three dollars they would look upon you as a swindler4 ,modern willow-pattern ware is also offered at fancy valuations4 ,i have never been able to decide whether an old farmer who brought two willow-ware plates about a year old to sell to me1 assuring me 7though they bore the visible mark and stamp of modern production7 that 8this old crockery had been in his fam'ly more'n a hundred year0--,i have never decided whether that ingenuous bucolic were a deep-dyed swindler or the innocent tool of some crafty sharper4 ,i answered him soberly with my patent 8willow-pattern answer0--8,that pattern is priceless10 and he went away hugging his antiques with delight4 ,i have seen within a year at a well-known dealer's in ,new ,york1 a modern willow-pattern platter upon which was pasted this printed inscription3 8,this platter belonged to ,miles ,standish1 and was often used by him1 and is therefore very rare and of great historical value40 ,this was an auction label cut from the catalogue of a sale1 and the dealer let it remain as a joke for the knowing ones1 and possibly as a bait for the unsophisticated4 8,the ,broseley ,blue ,dragon0 and the 8,broseley ,blue ,canton0 pieces and their imitations are frequently found4 ,these patterns were also made at the ,caughley or ,salopian ,works4 ,the 8cabbage leaf jugs0 came from that manufactory4 ,i have never been able to understand why the willow-pattern should have been so much more popular than the ,blue ,dragon4 ,the latter is certainly very handsome and consistent1 or rather congruous throughout1 while the willow-pattern is neither 8fish nor fowl nor good red herring0--it is not ,english1 and it is certainly not wholly ,oriental4 ,the color is good1 as was all blue at that time4 ,at a later date than the reign of ,lowestoft on 8company0 dinner tables in ,new ,england1 the fine 8best tea china0 of well-to-do people was ,english porcelain of copper-lustre and pink and green decoration4 ,many of these pretty lustre sets are still preserved and can be bought of country owners4 ,a terrible blow has been dealt1 however1 to the desire to purchase such wares by the fact that modern reproductions showing equal beauty of color and similar designs have appeared in large numbers within the past two years4 ,pitchers of pottery1 8prankt in faded antique dress0 of light brown or pinkish purple lustres are now manufactured4 ,they bear no marks and cannot be distinguished from the old ones--and are just as good1 perhaps1 for every one but a china hunter4 ,the solid lustre teapots1 sugar-boxes1 and pitchers--copper-colored1 brownish lustre or silver on a pottery ground1 have not1 so far as ,i know1 been reproduced4 ,on many pieces the lustre is diversified by a pretty design in white1 sometimes in relief or by painted flowers4 ,the finest old pitcher of this ware that ,i have ever seen bore a graceful embossed design which was decorated upon the highest reliefs in pink1 green1 and gold lustre4 ,this was positively affirmed to be part of the ,mayflower cargo4 ,most of these lustre pieces are unmarked1 hence it is impossible to assign them to any factory4 ,a few of them1 the clearest and purest in paste1 and most delicate in decoration are ,new ,hall1 for ,i have plates so marked4 ,the stamp is a cursive ,new ,hall not enclosed in a ring4 ,this stamp is not given in ,english books of stamps and marks4 ,mr4 ,jewitt says such pieces are rare in ,england4 ,they certainly have not been rare in ,new ,england4 ,some of the lustre pieces may be assigned to ,newcastle4 ,the ,woods also manufactured them1 while at ,shelton were made pieces with lustre borders and black printed designs signed 8,bentley1 ,weare and ,bourne1 ,engravers and ,printers1 ,shelton1 ,staffordshire40 ,i have never seen a dinner set of lustre ware--only tea-sets1 comprising usually a teapot1 sugar-box1 creamer1 bowl1 a dozen tea-plates 7often of different design and paste71 two cake-plates1 a dozen cups and saucers1 and sometimes a dozen little cup-plates4 ,salt-cellars1 pepper-boxes1 and mustard-pots of similar lustre are seen1 and sometimes wine-glasses1 or rather wine-cups--but never any of the pieces of dinner services4 ,pitchers appear in various sizes4 ,the china is usually clear and fine in quality1 but the design is often confused4 ,a few punch-bowls of copper-lustre on coarse pottery have also been found in ,new ,england1 but are curious rather than beautiful4 ,i have never been able to add to my collection1 through china hunting1 but one piece of ,worcester porcelain1 the one shown on page #bi1 nor have ,i ever seen in a country home a piece of ,chelsea1 ,coalport1 ,pinxton1 or ,nantgawr porcelain1 and but one set of ,spode1 which was seized from an ,english vessel by a ,yankee privateersman in the war of #ahab1 and brought triumphantly into ,salem ,harbor4 ,nor1 may ,i add1 have ,i ever seen a piece of pottery or porcelain of ,continental manufacture1 save ,delft4 ,for any porcelain save that made in ,china and ,england1 ,american collectors must turn to china dealers4 ,,vii4 ,,liverpool ,,and ,,other ,,printed ,,ware ,at the end of the past and beginning of the present century1 great numbers of cream-colored pottery pitchers and mugs were printed in ,england with various designs and were sent to the ,united ,states for sale4 ,these pieces were advertised in early ,federal days1 and are known as 8yellow ware0 and ,liverpool ware1 and are found in seaport towns on the ,atlantic coast1 especially in ,new ,england4 ,many bore mottoes1 inscriptions1 likenesses1 and views relating to ,america and the celebrated ,americans of the time1 and thus form interesting mementos of the wars of the ,revolution and of #ahab4 ,i have never seen a ,liverpool pitcher in an inland country home1 nor have ,i ever had one offered to me for sale in an inland town1 either in a private home or an antique shop4 ,the reasons for this are very simple3 many of them were brought to ,america by ,yankee sailors and sailing-masters who lived1 as a rule1 in seaport towns1 and importations of these pitchers were not transported inland in ante-railroad days with the facility and safety that we find possible nowadays2 and1 best reason of all1 nine-tenths of them with their ornamentation of ships and brigs and ropes and anchors were made to tickle the fancy of a seafaring man1 and did not appeal to the sentiment of a land-lubber of a farmer4 ,it is always a great delight to the inland-dwelling and novelty-seeking china hunter when she enters a low1 single-storied seaside home1 and spies on the mantelpiece a creamy ,naval or ,sailor pitcher flanked by a carved ,indian idol and an elaborate model of the 8,nimble ,nine-pence10 the 8,belisarius10 or the 8,three ,wives0 7named by one stanch old widower after he was married to wife number four74 ,her joy is1 as a rule1 quickly turned to lamentation1 for the housewife who values her ,liverpool pitcher enough to place it on her parlor mantel1 will never be 8willing to part with it40 ,and here let me render my thanks to the ,american merchant service4 ,blessings on those dead and gone old seafaring ,yankees who risked their lives on the stormy seas and brought home 8behind their wooden walls0 the variety and wealth of china and crockery that have descended to us1 a pathetic reminder of the weary watch on deck and the homesick hours in cabin or forecastle4 ,a few ,liverpool plates with ,masonic designs are found1 and some teapots1 but the majority of ,liverpool ware that was imported to this country was in the form of mugs and what are known as 8watermelon0 pitchers4 ,i know of one great yellow ware cheese-dish in ,newport--a curious stand or frame in which a whole cheese two feet in diameter could be placed upright on its edge and thus served and cut on the table2 but such pieces are exceptional4 ,i am impressed when looking over the lists of sales and the catalogues of existing collections in ,england1 that china collectors find in ,america more1 cheaper1 and more varied specimens of ,liverpool wares1 especially those bearing transfer prints1 than can be found in ,england4 ,they abound in ,american antique shops4 ,even the rarest and most interesting of all--prints on tiles1 pitchers1 and teapots bearing the mark of ,sadler--are often discovered here4 ,a whole set of ,sadler's tiles was taken from an old colonial house in ,newport4 ,previous to the ,revolutionary ,war no porcelain or pottery was made specially for ,america1 or1 at any rate1 none with special designs2 but after we became a separate nation the ,english potters made much china and crockery for the ,american market1 and made patterns for individual purchasers as well4 ,washington and ,franklin were the ,american names best known in ,england previous to the year #ahjj2 and ,i have never seen ,liverpool pieces that could be assigned to an earlier date of manufacture than #ahjj that bore the names even of any other ,revolutionary heroes or statesmen1 except1 possibly1 two pitchers decorated with battle-scenes1 which are entitled respectively1 8,death of ,warren0 and 8,death of ,montgomery20 a pitcher with a portrait of ,adams1 and one mug printed with the name and portrait of ,john ,hancock4 ,englishmen had vague ideas of the names of our ,states as well1 for ,boston and 8,tenasee0 often appear on these wares in the list of the thirteen ,states4 ,the number of stars depicted upon the ,american flag or shield on these and ,staffordshire pieces is often held up as ample testimony to the date of the piece4 ,such reasoning is1 of course1 absurd4 ,english engravers and potters were as ignorant about the number of ,states as they were about the names of the ,states1 and might easily have given fifteen stars when there were only thirteen ,states1 or clung to the number thirteen long after we had twenty ,states4 ,i have seen several designs with the ,united ,states flag bearing twelve and even nine stars4 ,many of these pitchers are decorated with designs relating to the character1 life1 and death of ,washington1 and such are known as ,washington pitchers4 ,a list of the prints upon these pitchers is given in ,chapter ,,xiii41 devoted to the china commemorative of ,washington4 ,these pitchers bear portraits and sentiments1 verses or inscriptions eulogizing the virtues and bravery of the 8glorious ,american10 or indicative of our national loss1 and grief at his death4 ,the lines1 8,deafness to the ear that will patiently hear1 and dumbness to the tongue that will utter a calumny against the immortal ,washington10 were much favored and printed by ,english potters1 and were placed on pitchers and mugs of many sizes and shapes4 ,the legend fails to tell1 however1 the awful fate which should fall on the hand which limned the senile1 feeble1 forlorn caricatures of the face of ,washington which usually appear in company with the lines1 and make us suspect intentional malice in the ,british artist4 ,these absurd likenesses vary as much as did the canvas portraits of the ,father of ,his ,country at the recent ,centennial ,loan ,collection at the ,metropolitan ,opera ,house in ,new ,york1 and in some cases bear no resemblance whatever to the well-known benign countenance1 and are evidently a portrait of some ,english general falsely labelled ,washington4 ,illustration3 ,an ,english ,notion of ,washington4 ,there is a print found on cream-colored teapots and plates and jugs that look like ,liverpool ware1 which is sometimes called 8,washington and ,martha ,drinking ,tea10 by ,american dealers who assert that the two figures in the out-of-doors tea-party are intended for the ,general and his 8lady10 as he called her4 ,the man in this print certainly bears a marked though somewhat mincing likeness to our first ,president1 while the fact that the servant who approaches with a teakettle is a negro1 is offered as conclusive proof that the scene is laid in ,america2 and indeed1 ,i have seen one teapot upon which was pasted a paper label with the words1 8,scene at ,mount ,vernon1 ,george and ,martha ,washington ,drinking ,tea40 ,of course every china student1 and indeed every person of art education1 knows that the figures of negro servants appear in many ,english tea-party prints of that date1 in such1 for instance1 as the watch-back of ,battersea enamel engraved by ,richard ,hancock1 of the ,worcester ,china ,works1 and in the transfer prints by the same artist1 shown on page #bce1 ,vol4 ,i41 of ,jewitt's 8,ceramic ,art in ,great ,britain40 ,the pieces bearing this 8,george ,washington0 print that ,i have seen1 bore no stamp to show the place of manufacture2 but there is a tea-canister numbered ,g #beb in the ,museum of ,practical ,geology1 printed with this scene1 which has the impressed mark 8,wedgwood40 ,it also has on the other side of the canister the same group of shepherds and sheep that ,i have seen on many pieces in ,america4 ,i am afraid we cannot claim this as a ,washington print4 ,it was engraved when ,washington was a struggling surveyor1 when no ,englishmen1 and few ,americans1 even knew his name4 ,miss ,meteyard says that this group is from one of ,jenssen's printed enamels1 and she gives an illustration of it on page #fd1 ,vol4 ,,ii41 of her 8,life of ,wedgwood40 ,i only mention this among the ,liverpool prints1 and as possibly eligible to the ,washington list1 in order to prove 7to make an ,irish bull7 that it is certainly not the one and probably not the other4 ,it is quite as interesting1 however1 to the china collector 7if not to the historical student or the relic hunter7 as an example of ,hancock's designs for transfer-printing2 and when one of these teapots is offered for #a4ej 7as ,i have had one in a ,new ,york shop within a year71 it is well for any collector to buy it4 ,i will say here that these cream-ware pitchers are not from ,liverpool factories alone1 they are from various ,staffordshire potteries1 but all cream-colored printed pitchers are generally known in ,america by the name of ,liverpool ware4 ,some1 of course1 are unmistakably so1 for they bear the various marks of the ,herculaneum ,pottery1 or the figure of the bird which was the crest of the arms of ,liverpool--the liver or lever4 ,a special design or mark of the ,american eagle with the words 8,herculaneum ,pottery1 ,liverpool10 seems to have been made for pieces intended for the ,american market1 and often appears upon them4 ,the heroes and victories of the ,american navy form frequent decorations of the specimens of this printed pottery that are found in ,america4 ,the first ,naval pitchers bore the design of a ship or a frigate under full sail1 with the ,american flag and the words1 8,success to the ,infant ,navy of ,america40 ,these were printed to commemorate ,truxton's capture of the ,french frigates ,insurgente and ,la ,vengeance while he was commander of the ,constellation during our little marine war with ,france in #agii4 ,this capture was honored in a popular song called 8,truxton's ,victory10 and was as great a source of delight to ,englishmen as to ,americans4 ,truxton received from ,england many tokens of esteem1 including a service of silver plate worth over #c1jjj4 ,long and bitterly during the constant naval defeats of the ,english in the ,war of #ahab must those ,british merchants have regretted that silver token of encouragement to the ,american ,navy4 ,a gold medal was ordered by ,congress to be struck in honor of this victory1 as was also done in honor of each of the naval heroes of the war of #ahab4 ,and many pitchers and mugs were decorated with their portraits and names in order to commemorate their victories4 ,it seems odd that ,english potters should have made so many pitchers bearing testimony to the victories of their late enemies1 unless they were ordered by ,american dealers specially for the ,american market2 but ,i have never seen anything to prove that such orders were given4 ,many pieces bear the portrait of ,perry and the words of his famous dispatch1 8,we have met the enemy and they are ours40 ,i never look at a ,perry pitcher without thinking with interest and pleasure of this brave young captain1 who was only twenty-seven years old when he achieved his famous victory4 ,he fought the fierce naval battle clad in his sailor's suit1 but changed at the last to his full-dress uniform in order to receive the surrendering ,english officer with full dignity4 ,nor do ,i ever see the jolly round face of ,hull on pitcher or mug without thinking of his comical appearance during the naval battle between the ,constitution and the ,guerrire1 in which he won such deserved honors4 ,hull was very fat1 and being somewhat dandified wore very tight breeches4 ,when1 in that fierce contest1 he gave his first roar of command to the gunners1 8,now1 boys1 pour into them--,free ,trade and ,seamen's ,rights60 he bent over twice in his intense excitement and split his tight breeches from waistband to knee4 ,he was more of a soldier than a dandy1 however1 for he finished the battle and captured the ,english ship in that 8undress uniform40 ,of course the pitchers decorated with ,american subjects are most interesting to ,americans1 but there are many other ,liverpool pitchers found in ,new ,england1 which bear1 instead of ,american heroes and battles1 such lines as these3 8,dear ,tom this brown jug ,which now foams with new ale1 ,out of which ,i will drink ,to sweet ,nan of the ,vale40 ,another has the jovial inscription1 8,one ,pot more--and then--why then--,another ,pot of course40 ,and this sharp warning is given to those who would wish to drink and not to pay3 8,customers came and ,i did trust 'em1 ,so ,i lost my money and my custom1 ,and to lose both it grieves me sore1 ,so ,i am resolved to trust no more40 ,a few pieces bear less decorous and elegant verses1 such as the mug deriding the ,established ,church1 labelled1 8,tythe in ,kind or the ,sow's ,revenge40 ,a clergyman bent on collecting tithes is being attacked by a sow in a pigsty4 ,the farmer's family are laughing while the parson is crying out3 8,the fattest pig it is my due2 ,oh6 save me from the wicked sow40 ,another pitcher has a fling at the ,romish ,church1 for it bears a likeness of his ,satanic ,majesty and of a priest1 with the words1 8,when ,pope absolves ,the ,devil smiles40 ,i have seen in ,america a number of drinking-mugs of cream-colored ware1 which may properly be spoken of here1 though it is doubtful whether many of them were made in ,liverpool4 ,they have the raised figure of a toad or frog placed inside1 with the pleasingly jocose intention of surprising and scaring the drinker1 who would fancy as the ugly head rose out of the decreasing liquor that it was a real batrachian climbing up the side to jump down his throat4 ,one of these mugs had the frog tinted a dull green and brown1 entirely too natural and life-like in color to prove pleasant or appetizing4 ,another two-handled ,frog mug was of coarse white ware1 unpainted1 and had an exceedingly modern look4 ,this was probably ,newcastle ware4 ,the price asked for these in 8antique shops0 is usually three or four dollars apiece4 ,i have seen none with mottoes as has the one numbered ,s #ag1 in the ,museum of ,practical ,geology4 8,though malt and venom ,seem united1 ,don't break my pot ,nor be affrighted40 ,these ,frog mugs are usually large in diameter1 and are sometimes decorated externally with designs of ships or naval heroes4 ,the frog's appearance in sight would then prove more effectually terrifying than if the drinker were warned by an instructive motto of the figured reptile within4 ,another agreeable old ,english practical joke is in the shape of puzzle jugs1 specimens of which exist in ,england1 but have been rarely found in ,america4 ,they were made in ,liverpool and ,staffordshire in the seventeenth and eighteenth century1 and in salt-glazed stone-ware at ,nottingham in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries4 ,they were so constructed that when lifted to the lips they emptied by secret passages their liquid contents over the face and breast of the drinker4 ,sometimes there were three spouts from the rim4 ,if the drinker covered two of the spouts with his fingers1 he could drink from the third4 ,this motto is on a puzzle jug of earthenware1 of ,liverpool make1 in the collection of ,george ,m4 ,wales1 ,esq41 of ,boston3 8,here1 gentlemen1 come try yr skill2 ,ill hold a wager1 if you will1 ,that you don't drink this liqr all ,without you spill or let some fall40 ,another rhyming inscription reads3 8,from mother earth ,i took my birth1 ,then form'd a ,jug by ,man1 ,and now ,i stand here filled with good cheer-- ,taste of me if you can40 ,another short invitation reads3 8,this ale is good1 taste40 ,and when you tasted1 in good faith1 you received a beery shower-bath1 which was no doubt considered very funny by eighteenth-century ,englishmen4 ,on another is written3 8,mathew the ,v #af40 --not a very appropriate text-reference4 ,still another rhyming challenge reads thus3 8,a ,crown ,ile bet ,that ,none can get ,the ale that's in this ,jug1 ,nor drink his fill ,without he spill ,and shall not use a plug40 ,a puzzle jug in the possession of the ,vintners' ,company is in the shape of a milkmaid bearing a pail4 ,the pail is set on a swivel1 and when the drinker tries to swallow the liquor1 the pail sends its contents over his chest4 ,illustration3 ,masonic ,pitcher4 ,cream-ware pitchers bearing ,masonic emblems are frequently found1 usually having also the name of the person by whom they were ordered1 or for whom they were made4 ,these rather egotistical lines were prime favorites among these pitcher-buying ,masons3 8,the world is in pain ,our ,secret to gain1 ,but still let them wonder gaze on1 ,for they ne'er can divine ,the word nor the sign ,of a ,free and ,accepted ,mason40 ,another much-used set of ,masonic verses runs thus3 8,we help the poor in time of need ,the naked cloath1 the ,hungry feed2 ',tis our ,foundation stone4 ,we build upon the noblest plan1 ,where ,friendship rivets man to man ,and makes us all as one40 ,and a third3 8,to judge with candour and to speak no wrong1 ,the feeble to support against the strong1 ,to soothe the wretched and the poor to feed1 ,will cover many an idle1 foolish deed40 ,some of these ,masonic pitchers are of enormous size1 as if the buyers wished as much of a pitcher as possible for their money4 ,many of them were printed at the ,worcester factory4 ,i have also seen some fine designs that had been drawn with a pen by hand in mineral colors and then fired in4 ,pitchers and mugs of ,chinese porcelain are also seen with decorations of ,masonic emblems and mottoes4 ,sailor pitchers are found in comparatively large numbers1 with touching prints of a sailor bidding an affectionate farewell to his lass1 under a flag and over an anchor1 accompanied by such appropriate verses as the following3 8,when this you see ,pray think of me ,and keep me in your mind2 ,let all the world ,say what they will1 ,think of me as you find40 ,or this legend1 a misquotation from ,charles ,dibdin's song3 8,d'ye see a cherub sits smiling aloft ,to keep watch o'er the life of poor ,jack40 ,this is often accompanied by the figure of a fat little cherub perched in the rigging of a ship4 ,these ,sailor pitchers were brought home frequently at the end of a voyage as gifts for a sweetheart or a wife1 as is plainly seen by these verses printed with a picture called 8,the ,sailor's ,return03 8,i now the joys of ,life renew ,from care and trouble free1 ,and find a wife who's kind and true ,to drive life's cares away40 ,and also this tender sentiment3 8,the troubled main1 the wind rain1 ,my ardent passion prove ,lashed to the helm1 should seas o'erwhelm ,i'll think on thee1 my love40 ,or these lines3 8,kindly take this gift of mine1 ,the gift and giver ,i hope is thine1 ,and tho' the value is but small ,a loving heart is worth it all40 ,it is a curious fact that feminine owners are exceptionally unwilling 8to part with0 these ,sailor pitchers4 ,a halo of past romance1 of sentimental fancy1 surrounds the yellow ware love token that 8,uncle ,eben brought from ,injy to ,aunt ,hannah10 or 8my grandpa got painted in ,chiny for my grandma when he was courtin' her0 7for even these staidly sombre ,english pitchers are gloriously ,oriental in country owners' eyes74 ,this latent longing for sentiment1 this tender sympathy with youthful love and affection1 lies hidden deep in every woman's heart1 no matter what her age2 and1 in the dull1 repressed life of many ,new ,england homes1 finds expression in a stolid clinging to the only visible token of a love and lovers long since dead4 ,one stout old woman1 with calm face but suspiciously shaky voice and hands1 brought out for our admiring view1 in company with a crimson silk crpe shawl1 a pair of small ,liverpool pitchers printed with a spirited marine view of a full-rigged ship1 the names ,john ,daggett and ,eliza ,maxom1 and this doggerel rhyme3 8,no more ,i'll roam1 ,i'll stay at home1 ,to sail no more ,from shore to shore1 ,but with my wife ,lead a happy1 peaceful life40 8,who gave you them pretty picture pitchers1 ,grandma80 said the little child who was clinging to her skirts4 8,john ,daggett ordered 'em painted for him an' me in ,liverpool on the last trip he ever went on4 ,he was the han'somest man ye ever see6 ,he died on the v'yage home1 an' yer ,granpa1 he was a-seafarin' then1 he stopped an' got 'em on the way back1 an' brought 'em home ter me40 ,alas6 poor ,john ,daggett6 your thoughtful gifts of love furnished forth another wedding-feast with the considerate sailor-companion as groom and comforter4 ,but though passed to 8a happy1 peaceful life0 on a far-distant shore1 you are not forgotten1 but through the reminiscent power of your last gift1 live a tender idealized memory1 a dream of eternal unchanging youth and beauty1 in your dear lass's thoughts4 ,your two ,liverpool pitchers have never been thoughtlessly or carelessly used in your shipmate's1 in 8,grandpa's10 home2 they have lain for half a century unscratched1 unnicked1 unbroken1 true cinerary urns of vanished hopes and promises1 wrapped in the crimson crpe shawl in the deep drawer of a high chest in your old sweetheart's 8spare-room40 ,in this case we encountered a sentiment which we have met more than once--a willingness on the part of the owner1 when she found we admired the piece1 to let us have it1 since we would cherish it safe and unharmed1 rather than to give it or leave it to relatives who had openly derided it or called it a worthless old thing4 ,as this ,new ,england sentimentalist expressed it1 while she slowly folded the shawl around the beloved pitchers1 8,i'd almost ruther let ye have 'em1 ye seem to set such store by 'em1 than ter leave 'em ter ,asa's wife1 she aint brought up the children extry careful1 an' ,i know they'd smash 'em in no time1 or put 'em in hot water or knock the nose off4 ,come again next year an' ,i'll think it over1 ,i hate ter part with 'em just yet after ,i've kep' 'em fer fifty-two year an' three months1 but ,i'll see40 ,various prints that are of more interest to ,englishmen than to ,americans are seen on these ,liverpool pitchers2 such is the view on the large mug owned by an old ,newport resident1 which bears the inscription1 8,an ,east ,view of ,liverpool ,lighthouse and ,signals on ,bilston ,hill1 #aghh40 ,in the centre of the design is a lighthouse with forty-four signals around it4 ,each signal is numbered1 and below is a key with the names of the vessels and their owners4 ,this print also occurs on plates4 ,in the days before the telegraph ,liverpool merchants were wont to go down to the riverside1 about two or three hours before high tide1 to see whether there were any flags hoisted on the lighthouse poles1 as was always done when a vessel came in sight4 ,thus were owners notified a few hours in advance of the approach of their craft to port4 ,another mug owned by the same gentleman has a map with a caricature of ,napoleon ,bonaparte standing with one foot on ,germany4 ,the other foot1 having been placed on ,england1 has been cut off by ,john ,bull1 who says1 8,i ax pardon1 ,master ,boney1 but1 as we say1 ,pares of ,pompey1 we keep this spot to ourselves4 ,you must not dance here1 ,master ,boney40 ,napoleon is saying1 8,you tam ,john ,bull1 you have spoil my dance1 you have ruin my projects40 ,a second ,bonaparte mug has a red print of ,john ,bull sitting upon a pedestal1 inscribed 8,the ,british ,constitution40 ,he looks across the ,channel at ,napoleon1 who is weeping and crying out1 8,o6 my poor ,crazy ,gun ,boats1 why did ,i venture so far from home10 while ,john ,bull says1 8,i told you they would all be swamp'd1 but you would be so ,damned ,obstinate40 ,the inscription is 8,patience on a ,monument smiling at ,grief10 with this distich3 8,the ,mighty ,chief with fifty thousand ,men ,marched to the ,coast and ,march'd back again4 ,ha6 ,ha6 ,ha60 ,a third ,bonaparte mug is thus described in ,notes and ,queries3 8,under a trophy of arms are figures of ,john ,bull and ,napoleon4 ,john ,bull is in the act of striking his opponent with his right fist a severe blow on the nose2 the nether end of ,napoleon is at the same time in collision with sturdy ,john ,bull's left boot4 ,inscription1 #8,see here ,john ,bull drubbing ,bonaparte6' ,on either side of the picture we have1 #8,what6 to conquer all ,england how dares he pretend1 ,this ambitious but vain undertaker1 ,when he knows to his cost that where ,britons defend1 ,he's unable to conquer one ,acre6' #8,if your beggarly soldiers come among us1 they'll soon have enough of it2 and1 damn me1 if any ten of you shall have my person or property--so be off6' #8,damn ye6 you black-hearted1 treacherous ,corsican6 if you were not such a little bit of a fellow in spite of your large cocked hat1 ,i'd crack your skull in an instant with my fist4'0 ,another bears these short and pointed lines3 8,may ,england's oak ,produce the bark ,to tan the hide ,of ,bonaparte10 which1 though shaky in rhyme1 are certainly more effective than the illiterate1 profane1 and overlong inscriptions on other ,bonaparte mugs4 ,a well-engraved and well-designed ,liverpool print is that of 8,the ,farmers' ,arms10 with armorial design ingeniously formed of hay-rakes1 scythes1 flails1 ploughs1 churns1 sickles1 etc41 the mottoes being 8,in ,god we ,trust10 and 8,industry produceth ,wealth40 ,on the other side are these verses3 8,may the mighty and great ,roll in splendor and state1 ,i envy them not1 ,i declare it1 ,i eat my own ,lamb1 ,my own chicken and ham1 ,i shear my own sheep and ,i wear it4 ,i have lawns1 ,i have ,bowers1 ,i have ,fruits1 ,i have ,flowers1 ,the ,lark is my morning ,alarmer2 ,so you ,jolly ,dogs now1 ,here's ,god bless the plow-- ,long life and content to the ,farmer40 ,one of these really artistic ,farmer pitchers with this inscription and design sold at an auction in ,new ,york for only seven dollars and a half1 in spite of the catalogue's alluring description of its 8having once belonged to ,robert ,burns40 ,a similar one1 numbered ,s #cb1 is in the ,museum of ,practical ,geology in ,london1 and is also described in ,mayer's 8,art of ,pottery and ,history of its ,progress in ,liverpool40 ,besides the design of the 8,farmers' ,arms0 is found that of the 8,blacksmiths' ,arms10 with the motto 8,by ,hammer and ,hand all ,arts do ,stand20 the 8,bucks' ,arms10 with stag and huntsmen1 and the motto 8,freedom with ,innocence20 the 8,bakers' ,arms10 and the motto1 8,praise ,god for ,all20 the 8,hatters' ,arms10 with the motto1 8,we ,assist ,each ,other in ,time of ,need40 ,many of these ,liverpool pitchers have an individual interest connected with their original manufacture4 ,they were the favorite expression of respect of ships crews to their commanders1 of workmen to their employers4 ,such is the beautiful pitcher owned by ,a4 ,m4 ,prentiss1 ,esq41 bearing the motto1 8,success to ,henry ,prentiss and his ,employ1 #aghi40 ,henry ,prentiss was a ,revolutionary hero1 a member of the ,tea ,party1 a wealthy ,boston merchant1 a large cotton manufacturer1 a successful horticulturist1 a man whose name brings to old residents of ,boston and ,cambridge the memory of many a story of his shrewdness and intelligence4 ,s4 ,yendell1 great-grandfather of the present ,governor of ,massachusetts1 was similarly honored by a mammoth presentation pitcher1 which is owned by ,mrs4 ,russel1 of ,cambridge4 ,it bears a print of the ,columbia1 on which ship ,mr4 ,yendell sailed on the famous voyage when the ,columbia ,river was discovered1 in #agia4 ,that does not seem very long ago6 ,mr4 ,yendell lived till #ahfg4 ,to be sure1 he was then the oldest man in ,boston1 ninety-seven years of age4 ,the art of transfer-printing on pottery and porcelain1 by which all these pieces are decorated1 has completely revolutionized the business of china decoration in ,england1 and cheapened the price of decorated crockery1 as did the invention of types and printing cheapen and multiply books4 ,john ,sadler1 who invented the process of transfer-printing1 was originally an engraver4 ,he had his attention first called to the possibility and desirability of china-printing by a very trifling incident--by seeing some children when playing 8doll's house0 paste on broken pieces of crockery1 pictures cut from waste-paper prints which he had thrown away4 ,for years he and his partner1 ,guy ,green1 managed to keep his invention enough of a secret1 so that he printed not only for ,liverpool works1 but for many others4 ,much of the ,wedgwood ,queens-ware was stamped by him1 being made at the ,wedgwood factory1 carried in wagons over bad roads to ,liverpool1 and1 after being printed1 returned in the same manner to ,burslem to be fired4 ,in spite of all this manipulation and transportation it could be sold cheaply1 for ,sadler's tariff of prices for transfer-printing was very low4 8,for printing a table and tea-service of two hundred and fifty pieces for ,david ,garrick1 #h #fs4 #a;d4 ,twenty-five dozen half-tiles printing and colouring1 #a #es40 ,these printed half-tiles were sold for #bs4 #f;d4 a dozen1 while the black printed whole tiles brought only #es4 a dozen4 ,sadler's process was very simple4 ,he printed on paper with an ordinary copper or steel plate1 then laid the print while wet on the glazed piece of pottery4 ,then1 upon pressing it1 the ink was transferred to the pottery piece1 and afterward burnt in4 ,nearly all these wares were printed in black1 but some have the prints in blue1 and some in vermilion4 ,others1 printed in black outlines1 are filled in by hand with various colors1 sometimes with very good effect4 ,hancock and ,holdship followed quickly in ,sadler's wake1 in printing on pottery and porcelain in ,worcester1 and there bat-printing was introduced at a later date4 ,in this process linseed-oil was used instead of ink1 and the oil design was printed on a 8bat10 or sheet of prepared glue and treacle1 which1 being pliable1 adapted itself readily to the shape of the pottery article to be printed1 and transferred to it the oil lines of the design4 ,powdered color was dusted on these oil lines1 the superfluous color being removed by cotton wool1 and then fired in4 ,engravings for bat-printing were usually in stipple work1 and the prints can readily be recognized and distinguished from those of transfer-printing4 ,it is interesting to us to know that an ,american who seemed to have a hand in every invention of his day1 had also his little share in the suggestion1 if not in the discovery1 of printing upon pottery and porcelain4 ,benjamin ,franklin wrote thus from ,london1 ,november #c1 #aggc1 to some unknown person3 8,i was much pleased with the specimens you so kindly sent me of your new art of engraving4 ,that on the china is admirable4 ,no one would suppose it anything but painting4 ,i hope you meet with all the encouragement you merit1 and that the invention will be what inventions seldom are1 profitable to the inventor4 ,now1 we are speaking of inventions1 ,i know not who pretends to that of copper-plate engraving for earthen ware1 and ,i am not disposed to contest the honor with anybody1 as the improvement in taking impressions not directly from the plate1 but from printed paper1 applicable by that means to other than flat forms1 is far beyond my first idea4 ,but ,i have reason to apprehend that ,i might have given the hint on which that improvement was made2 for1 more than twenty years since1 ,i wrote to ,dr4 ,mitchell from ,america proposing to him the printing of square tiles for ornamenting chimneys1 from copper-plates1 describing the manner in which ,i thought it might be done1 and advising the borrowing from the booksellers the plates that had been used in a thin folio called #8,moral ,virtue ,delineated1' for that purpose4 ,the ,dutch ,delft-ware tiles were much used in ,america1 which are only or chiefly ,scripture histories wretchedly scrawled4 ,i wished to have those moral prints1 which were originally taken from ,horace's poetical figures1 introduced in tiles1 which1 being about our chimneys are constantly in the eyes of the children when by the fireside1 might give parents an opportunity in explaining them to express moral sentiments1 and ,i gave expectations of great demands for them if executed4 ,dr4 ,mitchell wrote me in answer that he had communicated my scheme to several of the artists in the earthen way about ,london1 who rejected it as impracticable2 and it was not till some years after that ,i first saw an enamelled snuff-box1 which ,i was sure was from a copper-plate1 though the curvature of the form made me wonder how the impression was taken40 ,sadly and deprecatingly must 8,poor ,richard0 have examined the printed tiles of ,john ,sadler1 for no 8moral virtues delineated0 thereon are depicted4 ,he found1 instead1 the representation of such trivial and unmoral pastimes as dancing1 beer-drinking1 pipe-smoking1 fortune-telling--the latter design being of an astrologer seated at a table telling the fortunes of two young women4 ,one fair maid smiles with delighted anticipation as she receives a paper of prophecy inscribed 8,a brisk husband and son10 while the other poor creature is departing1 shedding bitter tears of disappointment1 with a similar paper bearing the depressing words1 8,never to be married40 ,american children doubtless lost much desirable and laudable parental instruction when ,franklin's worthy scheme failed in execution1 but they were also spared many a fireside lecture and nagging4 ,how they would have come to hate the sight of those moral lesson tiles6 ,and while ,i am speaking of transfer-printing1 let me call attention to some pretty little ceramic relics of a quaint old-time fashion1 that are sometimes overlooked by collectors--8mirror-knobs0--8,lookeing ,glasse ,nobs0 ,i find them called in ante-,revolutionary advertisements4 ,these knobs consisted usually of a painted or printed medallion1 frequently enamelled on the metal1 or on little oval porcelain placques or discs1 which were then fastened in brass1 gilt or silvered frames1 and mounted on a long and strong screw or spike4 ,two of these knobs were screwed into the wall about a foot apart1 so that the oval-framed medallions stood out two or three inches from the wall4 ,the lower edge of a mirror or picture frame was allowed to rest on the iron screws behind these two ornamental heads4 ,these mirror-knobs were also used to fasten back window curtains4 ,the head of the mirror-knob was usually decorated by the process of transfer-printing2 sentimental views of shepherds and shepherdesses1 mincing heads of powdered ,french dames1 and unintentionally funny likenesses of many of our ,revolutionary heroes and statesmen4 ,the portrait of ,washington which was employed was fairly good2 of ,franklin in the fur-cap1 quite well drawn2 but the others that ,i have seen vied with one another in comical ugliness1 save that of ,john ,jay1 always too fine in feature to be caricatured4 ,in the ,huntington collection in the ,metropolitan ,museum of ,art1 in ,new ,york1 may be seen a few of these mirror-knobs with portraits of ,franklin1 ,john ,jay1 ,c4 ,thompson1 ,w4 ,h4 ,drayton1 ,john ,dickinson1 ,s4 ,huntington1 ,major-,general ,gaines1 and an exceptionally ugly one of ,h4 ,laurens1 with a phenomenally attenuated neck1 a mere bone of a neck4 ,often these little printed miniatures are in black and white1 but more frequently they are printed in outline1 and faintly and delicately colored4 ,i wish ,i knew where they were made1 and who ordered them and imported and sold them1 and who drew them4 ,i think that they were made in ,worcester1 not in ,liverpool4 ,aged country people tantalizingly tell me of mirror-knobs made of discs with white raised heads and figures on blue grounds--,wedgwood medallions1 were they not8 ,but they have all vanished from my ken1 even the printed knobs are now seldom seen4 ,i know one drawer of an old dressing-case in quiet ,hadley town that holds fifteen beautiful mirror-knobs1 all whole1 uncracked1 unscratched2 but you will never see them nor buy them4 ,you might steal them1 perhaps1 if you only knew which elm-shaded house contained them--you might steal the whole dressing-case1 indeed1 if you were only quiet about it1 and you might walk the entire mile and a half of the beautiful main street with the stolen furniture on your back and meet not a soul to question or wonder4 ,of the same class and decoration and of the same materials were many dainty snuff-boxes and patch-boxes that were made and used in ,england and imported to ,america4 ,the latter pretty trinkets were tiny oval or round boxes about an inch and a half or two inches in diameter1 frequently made of fine ,battersea enamel1 or of china medallions set in silver or gilt frames4 ,within the lid was always found a little mirror1 usually of polished steel1 in which the fair owner might peep to freshly set or rearrange her coquettish patches4 ,one patch-box ,i have bears this motto on the top3 8,have ,communion with few1 ,be familiar with one1 ,deal ,justly with all1 ,speak evil of ,none40 ,another has a more frivolous verse3 8,within this ,beauty views her face ,and with the patch gives added grace40 ,still another3 8,love and ,beauty conquer all1 ,love to ,beauty40 ,sometimes1 as with the mirror-knobs1 a little painting of shepherds and shepherdesses is set in the lid1 and1 with the jewelled and enamelled border1 form a trifle dainty enough to rival any modern bonbonnires4 ,these patch-boxes and 8,gum ,patches10 or 8,patches for ladies10 or 8,face ,patches10 were advertised freely in ,american newspapers for many years previous to the ,revolution--as early1 surely1 as #agej in the ,boston ,evening ,post2 and patches were universally worn by ,american beauties1 as ,whitefield and other pious travellers sadly deplored4 8,china ,snuff ,boxes0 were offered for sale in the ,boston ,evening ,post of ,april #af1 #aggc1 were bought and filled with ,kippen's snuff1 were lost on ,boston streets1 were advertised for reward in ,boston papers1 and no doubt proudly and ostentatiously carried by ,boston beaux1 as well as by ,charleston macaronis4 ,a few snuff-boxes of ,battersea enamel still remain to show us how lovely they were1 but the frail china ones have nearly all been destroyed1 and when still existing are usually sadly cracked and disfigured4 ,china and ,battersea enamel 8tooth-pick cases0 were also imported and carried by ,boston beaux4 ,but we must leave these dainty quaint trinkets and go back to the far less beautiful ,liverpool pitchers4 ,though they have no great charm of color1 shape1 or design1 and are1 in fact1 the least graceful and beautiful of all the old ,english wares commonly found in ,america1 all the historical pitchers must certainly be of great interest to students of ,american history1 as records and relics of the early days of the ,united ,states4 ,as new pieces bearing hitherto unknown designs are constantly being found1 they will form1 in fact do now form1 with the old blue ,staffordshire plates1 a valuable and lasting ceramic record of the early days of our nation4 ,let us hope that they will be carefully preserved by all who are fortunate enough to own them2 and1 if they are not placed in the safe keeping of museums or cabinet collections1 at least be kept from the debasing uses and positions in which ,i have seen them in country homes4 ,my patriotic heart has thrilled with wounded indignation to see mugs and pitchers bearing such honored and venerated names and faces1 battered1 nicked1 and handleless1 despitefully used to hold herb-teas1 soft-soap1 horse-liniment1 or tooth-brushes4 ,i saw one ,washington pitcher1 noseless and fairly crenated with nicks1 shamefully degraded to use as a jug to carry to the hen-house the hot water with which to prepare the chicken-food2 while another contained a villainous-looking purple-black liquid compound which the owner explained was 8,pa's hair-restorer40 ,in spite of careless use1 however1 many specimens still exist1 for 8antique0 dealers find them for their shops4 ,in one ,newport bric-a-brac shop ,i saw1 in the summer of #ahia1 at least fifteen ,liverpool pitchers varying in price from five dollars for a small ,sailor pitcher to thirty-five dollars for a fine perfect ,apotheosis ,pitcher4 ,fortunate is the household1 and happy and proud should be its members1 that possesses one of these historic relics4 ,i know of no better way to impress upon a child1 or to recall to a grown person1 the lesson of bravery1 courage1 and love of country1 than by showing him the likenesses of ,perry1 ,decatur1 and ,lawrence on mug or pitcher1 and telling to him their story1 and reading or reciting the old ballads and songs written about them4 ,nor do ,i know of any more noble example of ,christian piety than that of the brave ,macdonough1 whose name is so often seen on these pieces of old ,english ware4 ,before the battle of ,lake ,champlain1 when the deck of the ,saratoga was cleared for action1 he knelt upon the deck with his officers and men around him1 asked ,almighty ,god for aid1 and committed the issue of the contest into ,his hands4 ,let us echo the toast which was given to him at a large dinner in ,plattsburg1 shortly after his victory4 8,the pious and brave ,macdonough1 the professor of the religion of the ,redeemer--preparing for action1 he called on ,god1 who forsook him not in the hour of danger4 ,may he not be forgotten by his country40 ,let our respect and affection for our ancestors' adored heroes save to our descendants the ,liverpool pitchers bearing such honored historical names4 ,,viii4 ,,oriental ,,china ,in that delightful and much-quoted book1 8,the ,china ,hunters' ,club10 the final chapter is devoted to a most humorous description of the disbandment and ignominious extinction of the club through a fierce quarrel over a disputed piece of china--whether it were ,chinese or ,lowestoft4 ,could ,i1 as did ,charlie ,baker in that story1 label both my china of like character and this chapter 8,canton-,lowestoft10 it would fitly express my feelings when ,i attempt to judge and write upon the old pieces of hard-paste porcelain1 so common in ,america1 called ,oriental1 ,canton1 ,india1 or ,lowestoft1 according to the belief or traditions of each individual owner4 ,i cannot give any positive rules by which to classify this china1 nor any by which to judge of independent specimens4 ,if ,i followed my own convictions and my own researches on this puzzling subject1 ,i should in ninety-nine cases out of a hundred firmly state the disputed piece of porcelain to be ,chinese1 and ,i could quote in support of my views such an authority as ,franks1 the great china collector1 who says that1 8,india china 7that is1 china made for the ,east ,india ,company for ,european trade--what ,jacquemart calls porcelaine des ,indes7 has on one hand been attributed to ,japan1 and on the other1 by a still more singular hallucination been ascribed to ,lowestoft40 ,he also says1 8,there can be no doubt that there was a considerable manufactory of porcelain at ,lowestoft1 but this was of the usual ,english soft-paste4 ,the evidence of hard-paste having been made there is of the most slender kind40 ,mr4 ,owens1 in his 8,two ,centuries of ,ceramic ,art in ,bristol10 says1 with decision3 8,there cannot be any doubt that hard porcelain1 vitrified and translucent1 was never manufactured from the raw materials1 native kaolin and petunste1 at any other locality in ,england than ,plymouth and ,bristol4 ,the tradition that such ware was made at ,lowestoft in #agge rests upon evidence too slight to be worthy of argument4 ,the ,east ,india ,company imported into ,england large quantities of porcelain for sale2 and in the provincial journals of the last century advertisements of sales by auction of ,east ,india china occur frequently4 ,this particular ware1 which is very plentiful1 even at the present day1 and which has of late acquired the reputation of having been made at ,lowestoft1 was simply1 in form and ornamentation1 only a reproduction by the ,chinese of ,english earthenware models4 ,the ,chinese do not use saucers1 butter-boats1 and numbers of other articles after the ,european fashion1 and the agents in ,china were compelled to furnish a model for every piece of ware ordered4 ,these models the ,asiatic workmen have copied only too faithfully4 ,the ill-drawn roses1 the coarsely painted baskets of flowers1 the rude borders of lines and dots are literally copied from the inartistic painting on the ,english earthenware of by-gone days40 ,he also says1 8,it is painful to see in public and private collections examples of ,oriental ware labelled ,lowestoft1 simply because1 though hard porcelain1 they bear ,english armorial coats and initials4 ,many porcelain punch-bowls are to be found in seaport towns with names and portraits of ships and very early dates4 ,those bowls are often attributed to the works at ,liverpool and ,lowestoft4 ,the officers of the ,east ,india ,company's ships were accustomed to take out ,english ,delft bowls and get them reproduced in common porcelain in ,china for their merchant friends1 and many a relic now prized as of home manufacture was procured in this manner40 ,mr4 ,prime writes more cautiously1 after describing the pieces3 8,these are supposed to have been made on special patterns furnished to the ,oriental factories by the ,east ,india ,company4 ,they resemble ,european work in the decoration1 and many of the ,lowestoft paintings seem to be imitations of these4 ,it is1 therefore1 necessary to be very cautious in classifying wares as of ,lowestoft fabric40 ,and again he says1 8,the presence of a single decoration like a flower or sprig of flowers in ,european style on porcelain is not a sufficient reason for classing the porcelain as ,european4 ,many such pieces were printed in ,japan and in ,china4 ,and others are possibly the work of decorators in ,holland40 ,mr4 ,elliott says of ,lowestoft in ,america3 8,it seems certain that this kind of decoration was done at ,lowestoft2 it is equally certain that it was also done in ,china1 from designs sent out there4 ,i have myself seen pieces so decorated which were imported direct from ,china to ,new ,haven about the end of the last century40 ,on the other hand1 that standard authority1 ,mr4 ,chaffers1 author of 8,marks and ,monograms10 says that 8the question about hard-paste porcelain having been made at ,lowestoft is placed beyond dispute upon the best authority4 ,it was introduced about #aggc10 and he offers a mass of testimony to prove his statements4 ,mr4 ,owens fancies that sailing-masters took out ,english ,delft bowls to be reproduced in ,china2 ,mr4 ,marryatt and ,mr4 ,franks1 that ,chinese porcelain was imported to ,holland and painted in ,delft2 another collector believes that ,chinese kaolin and clay were brought to ,lowestoft1 and there mixed1 shaped1 fired and painted2 and still another1 that ,lowestoft porcelain was taken out to ,china to be decorated4 ,the ,catalogue of the ,museum of ,practical ,geology in ,london very shrewdly and non-responsibly says of its ,lowestoft specimens3 8,it should be understood that several of the following pieces are exhibited as #8,lowestoft china' simply in deference to the opinions of certain collectors and not as authenticated specimens40 ,to show the doubtful eyes with which the ,lowestoft aspirants are regarded by authorities in ,england1 ,i will state that in this last-mentioned catalogue but twelve lots of ,lowestoft porcelain and pottery are named--a small proportion--and a sharp lesson to ,american collectors with their reckless and sweeping ,lowestoft classifications4 ,none of the twelve bear any distinguishing ,lowestoft marks or names4 ,the descriptions of some of these are not at all like our ,american ,lowestoft wares4 ,one reads3 8,two plates ornamented with borders in brown and gold1 and with views of a ,suffolk village and river painted in sepia in a circular panel in centre of each plate40 ,from these few extracts which ,i have taken from various authorities1 it is plainly seen that no decision1 no judgment can be given in this ,lowestoft case1 that each seeker after china and truth must judge for himself4 ,the history of the production of hard-paste china at ,lowestoft is exceedingly curious as an example and proof of the suddenness with which recent facts and circumstances may be forgotten4 ,it seems fairly incredible that the true particulars of the manufacture of this ware 7which it is alleged was produced in such great quantities from the year #agge to #ahjc7 should be entirely lost and forgotten in half a century's time4 ,the descriptions and history of ,lowestoft china in ,mr4 ,llewellyn ,jewitt's article in the ,july number of the ,london ,art ,journal in #ahfc1 were the first to call attention to ,lowestoft china1 and ,i still consider him the best and most trustworthy authority on the subject4 ,previous to that time1 in the catalogues of ,english ,loan ,collections and ,museums1 the name even of ,lowestoft does not appear1 though the ware was seen everywhere labelled vaguely 8,foreign10 or 8,oriental40 ,at a later date ,mr4 ,chaffers's book appeared with a warm endorsement and enthusiastic setting-forth of the ,lowestoft factory and its wares1 so warm and embracing in its description that ,mr4 ,jewitt in his later book1 8,ceramic ,art in ,great ,britain10 fairly has to protest against such broad sweeping into the ,lowestoft net2 and he must feel that he 8builded better than he knew0 when he 8wrote up0 the ,lowestoft factory4 ,he says3 8,let me utter a word or two of caution to collectors against placing too implicit a reliance upon what has been written concerning ,lowestoft china1 and against taking for granted that all which is nowadays called ,lowestoft china is really the production of that manufactory4 ,if all that is ascribed to ,lowestoft was ever made there the works must have been the most extensive1 and--if all the varieties of wares that are now said to have been produced there were made it is asserted simultaneously--the most extraordinary on record4 ,the great bulk of the specimens now unblushingly ascribed to ,lowestoft ,i believe never were in that town1 much less ever made there40 ,when ,mr4 ,jewitt wrote thus he knew nothing about the vast additional stock of ,lowestoft in ,america1 enough additional weight to swamp forever the ,lowestoft pretensions4 ,mr4 ,jewitt also resented with proper indignation some criticisms which ,mr4 ,chaffers dared to make upon his ,art ,journal paper1 saying1 with truth1 that he 7,chaffers7 was indebted to him for nearly every scrap of information about the ,lowestoft factory that he has embodied in his work4 ,he might say for every scrap of any importance4 ,the three accounts form a typical example of the controversies in private life1 of the minor disputes that always arise among china collectors1 not only over the claims of the ,lowestoft factory1 but over even a single piece of ,lowestoft hard-paste porcelain4 ,the specimens of what are called ,lowestoft ware that are most frequently seen in ,america1 are parts of tea-services1 punch-bowls and pitchers1 coffee-pots and mugs4 ,the pieces often bear crests1 coats of arms1 or initials4 ,shields supported with birds1 and escutcheons in dark blue are also frequent4 ,the initials are usually very gracefully interlaced4 ,sometimes the tea-caddy will bear the crest or coat of arms with the initials1 while the remainder of the tea-service will have the initials only4 ,on many of the pieces the border is of clear cobalt blue 7often in rich enamel71 varied with gold stars or a meander pattern in gold4 ,some unreasoning collectors take their stand upon this blue and gold-starred border as being the only positive indication and proof to their minds that the piece thus decorated is truly ,lowestoft2 but ,i have seen many pieces that were positively imported directly from ,china to ,america that bore this ,lowestoft border4 ,a red trellis-border and a peculiar russet-brown or chocolate border also abound on these disputed pieces1 and the scale pattern in purplish pink4 ,a raised border of vine leaves1 grapes1 flowers and squirrels is seen on the beakers2 ,i have found both this form and decoration rare in ,america4 ,when a flower pattern appears on ,lowestoft china the rose predominates4 ,chaffers says that the reason for this use of the rose is twofold2 the arms of the ,english borough in which the china is said to have been manufactured or painted1 is the ,tudor1 or full-blown rose surmounted by an open crown2 and the cleverest painter of ,lowestoft ware was ,thomas ,rose1 and he thus commemorated his name4 ,he was a ,french refugee1 and it is to his ,french taste we owe the delicate style of whatever flower ornamentation appears on this china4 ,it is sad to read that he became blind and spent the last days of his life as a water-vender1 plying his trade with two donkeys that had been given him by the town4 ,the pieces alleged to have been painted by him1 and indeed all the ,lowestoft pieces1 were seldom profuse in decoration4 ,roses without foliage or stems1 little bouquets1 or narrow festoons of tiny roses with green leaves1 were his favorite designs4 ,often a piece bore only a single rose4 ,the mugs and tea and coffee-pots usually have twisted or double handles crossed and fastened to the main body of the piece with raised leaves or flowers4 ,the large pieces1 such as punch-bowls and pitchers and the helmet creamers1 sometimes have an irregular surface1 as if1 when in the paste1 they had been patted into shape by the hands4 ,i have often seen this appearance also on blue and white undoubted ,chinese ware4 ,the mugs are both cylindrical and barrel-shaped2 the cups are handleless1 as are usually the cups of all ,oriental china manufactured at that date4 ,mr4 ,chaffers says that occasionally the smaller pieces of ,lowestoft will be seen embossed with the rice-pattern or basket-work4 ,i have never seen a piece thus embossed but was as plainly and unmistakably ,oriental as a ,chinaman's pigtail and his almond eyes4 ,the oval teapot shown on page #bjh is a typical ,lowestoft piece1 though not a choice one2 and by many ignorant collectors all teapots of that particular shape1 with twisted handles held to the body with embossed leaves1 no matter with what other decoration1 are firmly assigned to the ,lowestoft factory4 ,many unmistakably ,chinese pieces1 however1 are seen in this exact shape2 for instance1 a beautiful rice-pattern teapot in the ,avery ,collection1 in the ,metropolitan ,museum of ,art4 ,this piece is rich in gold and blue1 but has the knobs1 twisted handles1 and embossed leaves of the ,lowestoft pattern4 ,perhaps1 in spite of its ,chinese rice-pattern1 and the quality of the paste1 ,chaffers would class it as ,lowestoft4 ,there are found in ,america certain ,oriental vases of typical ,lowestoft decoration which are usually in one or the other of two shapes1 cylindrical with suddenly flaring top 7or rarely an ovoid cylinder with similar top71 or a vase with small base1 sharply bulging out at half its height1 and as suddenly contracting to a small neck4 ,these vases1 in sets or garnitures of three or five pieces1 the two end vases always alike1 graced the mantel of many a 8parlour0 a century ago1 and were frequently decorated with initials or coats of arms4 ,such are the beautifully-shaped vases with exquisite blue1 brown1 and gold decoration1 given by ,lafayette to ,cadwallader ,jones of ,petersburg1 ,va41 one of which is here shown4 ,these vases exhibit the impressed basket-work design2 they are in perfect preservation1 and have recently come by gift into the possession of the ,washington ,association of ,new ,jersey4 ,illustration3 ,lowestoft ,vase4 ,there are in ,english collections a few specimens of the early soft-paste ,lowestoft manufactures1 which were always decorated in blue1 which bear ,lowestoft names or distinguishing dates4 ,indeed1 these blue and white pieces are the only ones that do have designating ,lowestoft marks1 or bear dates1 which seems to me a very significant fact4 ,i have never found any of these blue and white ,lowestoft pieces in ,america1 either marked or unmarked1 nor do ,i know of any marked ,lowestoft pieces in any ,american collection4 ,there are none in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection4 ,i have seen a few rather coarse blue and white ,delft-ware pieces which ,i suspect might be classed as ,lowestoft4 ,i fear that in this attempt to throw light1 or rather borrow light1 on the ,lowestoft question1 ,i have not succeeded very well1 and have perhaps cast a deeper shadow4 ,there is one other condition which has influenced and helped me to form my condition of mind about ,lowestoft china1 and that is the situation of the town4 ,it is the absolute 8,land's end10 the extreme eastern point of ,england2 the sand and some of the clay necessary to make all this porcelain would have had to be transported from the extreme western 8,land's end0 of ,cornwall1 and the great supply of coal to burn in the kilns1 from the extreme northern coast of ,northumberland and ,durham--two most inconvenient and expensive contingencies4 ,it was1 however1 near to ,holland1 that great producer of ,delft-ware1 and had an extensive trade with that country1 and ,dutch vessels constantly entered the ,lowestoft port4 ,and the first productions--the only marked and dated ones--are all blue and white and resemble ,delft-ware3 none are of porcelain4 ,the ,dutch also were great importers of ,oriental china4 ,of course we must believe that some china also came out of ,lowestoft1 but these are some of the very bewildering accompanying conditions that we cannot crowd out of our minds4 ,it is difficult to assign prices or values to pieces of ,lowestoft china1 for1 as in other wares1 the quality of the decoration1 of course1 influences the price4 ,teapots similar to the one shown on page #bjh are often offered for from four to eight dollars--one sold in the ,governor ,lyon sale in #ahgf for #e4 ,at that same sale ,lowestoft plates of ordinary design1 with single rose decoration1 brought #a4ej each2 cups and saucers of similar design1 the same price4 ,a pretty dish of gold and buff1 with brownish bird in the centre1 brought #c4 ,a helmet creamer1 with decoration of grapes and vines in gold and brown1 brought #d2 this is a decoration and shape frequently seen in ,america4 ,one bearing the ,morse coat of arms is here shown4 ,one very curious piece1 a custard-cup belonging to a 8marriage set10 sold for #f4ej4 ,this cup was decorated with festoons and bunches of roses1 and on one side was a hand holding two medallions1 with initials1 tied together with a lovers' knot of ribbon1 with the motto 8,unit40 ,on the other side were two coats of arms held and supported in the same manner4 ,it is said that this idea of a marriage set was in high fashion a hundred years ago4 ,at the ,s4 ,l4 ,m4 ,barlow sale in ,new ,york1 in ,february1 #ahij1 the prices of ,lowestoft pieces were higher--partly because the specimens were better4 ,a sugar-box with blue and gold ribbon decoration sold for #e1 teapots for #h and #aj4 ,illustration3 ,helmet ,creamer4 ,a device found on ,lowestoft pieces is very common in ,america--or at any rate1 in ,new ,england--and is frequently and erroneously supposed to be an armorial bearing4 ,it is a monogram or cipher written within an oval or an escutcheon1 backed by an ermine mantle1 surmounted by a wreath on which are perched a pair of doves4 ,this device was doubtless sent to ,china to be painted on a service as a wedding gift1 and proving popular was often repeated4 ,i have seen it on many pieces in many families1 in gold and various colors1 the monogram or initial only being different4 ,a letter is in existence1 written by a gentleman in ,china in #ahaj1 to a fair bride in ,hartford1 saying that he sends to her as a wedding gift a set of porcelain with this decoration4 ,portions of the set are still owned by the bride's descendants4 ,this of course proves the device to have been painted in ,china4 ,perhaps it was painted in ,england also1 but ,i doubt it4 ,there is a very pretty ,lowestoft design which ,i have seen upon dinner- and tea-sets belonging to several families in ,new ,england1 which may have been made specially for the ,american market1 or at any rate must have been sent here in large quantities4 ,it consists of the ,american shield and eagle in shades of brown touched with gold1 with a pretty delicate border of the same colors1 and tiny dots of vermilion4 ,i speak specially of this design because it is often offered for sale as 8,george ,washington's ,china10 on the slight foundation1 ,i suppose1 of having upon it an ,american shield and eagle2 and not only offered but sold1 and no doubt exhibited with pride by collectors of ,washingtoniana4 ,one lucky dog of a relic hunter recently secured in ,new ,york a 8,washington0 teapot with this design for the sum of #ge--;a paltry amount1 as he considered it4 ,there are a number of pieces bearing this decoration in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection1 a portion of a set belonging to a member of ,mr4 ,prime's family4 ,a coffee-pot of the set is here shown4 ,this service was purchased in ,england in #ahjd4 ,the gilt lettering on it1 as on others that ,i have seen1 is much worn1 while the decoration is in perfect condition4 ,illustration3 8,washington0 ,coffee-pot4 ,as an indication of the vast amount of ,lowestoft wares to be found in ,america1 let me state that in the ,governor ,lyon sale there were forty-nine lots labelled ,lowestoft1 and many more among the historical pieces1 while there were only six of ,delft1 three of ,bristol1 five of ,chelsea1 etc4 ,as ,governor ,lyon collected nearly all his pieces of ,english porcelain in ,america this might be thought to be a fair means of judging of the proportionate prevalence of china called ,lowestoft1 but ,i think the number is hardly high enough4 ,in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection are at least a hundred and fifty pieces of ,lowestoft1 to which1 however1 ,mr4 ,prime does not definitely assign that title1 but explains the doubts and questions as to the ware4 ,there are no rice-pattern or basket-work pieces among them4 ,in ,new ,england seaport towns1 where there has been during past years a large direct trade with ,china1 vast quantities of ,lowestoft ware are found4 ,it would1 of course1 be argued from this fact that such porcelain is ,chinese1 and in truth it is ,chinese in nine cases out of ten4 ,and ,i presume the reason that ,i am so incredulous about ,lowestoft china1 is that ,i have really seen so little1 my ,lowestoft studies having probably all been in ,chinese porcelain4 ,then1 too1 the ,lowestoft factory1 had it sent all its wares direct to ,america1 could never have furnished our vast supply1 from which we still have plenty of specimens to dispute and quarrel over4 ,and is it not strange that we have no record of this vast trade in ,english porcelain8 ,who ever knew of a vessel arriving in an ,american port from ,lowestoft8 ,who ever saw an advertisement of ,lowestoft china in an old ,american newspaper8 ,on the other hand1 we know well how ,chinese porcelain could have been brought--nay1 was brought--in vast quantities to ,new ,england2 for though ,new ,york took the lead in sending a single ship direct to ,canton in #aghd1 the question of the ,china trade had been agitating ,salem for a year previously1 and in ,connecticut1 state aid had been asked to further direct commerce with the ,orient4 ,this aid had been at once refused by the prudent home-staying farmers in the ,legislature4 ,providence1 ,newport1 and ,boston quickly awakened to the rich possibilities of the new commercial opening with the ,orient1 but ,elias ,haskett ,derby1 of ,salem1 known as the 8,father of the ,east ,india ,trade10 crowded his great vessels across the ocean to ,canton and brought home rich stores of ,oriental products4 ,his fine ,grand ,turk sailed from ,salem in #aghe1 and the return cargo doubled the money invested2 and in the rooms of the ,east ,india ,marine ,company at ,salem is a great ,lowestoft bowl bearing paintings of the ,grand ,turk and the date1 ,canton1 #aghf1 which proves that that piece positively was neither made at ,lowestoft1 painted at ,lowestoft1 brought to ,lowestoft1 nor exported from ,lowestoft4 ,from that year to #agii1 of the hundred and seventy-five voyages made by ,derby's stanch ships1 forty-five were to ,india and ,china4 ,he had four ships at one time at ,canton4 ,in #agic three ,indiamen brought into ,new ,england ports #ad1fjj worth of 8,china-ware20 one of these ships1 the ,rising ,sun1 landed at ,providence4 ,and ,billy ,gray1 of ,salem1 the largest ship-owner in the world at that date1 sold many a hogshead of chinaware from the cargoes of his great ships1 the ,light ,horse1 the ,three ,friends1 the ,lotus1 the ,black ,warrior4 ,though ,connecticut farmers and law-givers looked with timid and unfavoring eyes on the possibilities and dangers of ,oriental commerce1 ,connecticut merchants were not to be left behind in the race for the golden prizes of ,india4 ,a great ship was fitted out in ,new ,haven1 and the story of her first voyage in #agii and of its rich results reads like the wonder-tales of the ,east4 ,the ship was manned by thirty-five ,connecticut men1 sons of respectable and well-to-do families2 many of them were graduates of ,yale4 ,in its provisioning and furnishing merchants of ,new ,haven1 ,hartford1 ,weathersfield1 ,farmington1 ,stamford1 and other neighboring towns joined or 8ventured40 ,the ship took no cargo4 ,she sailed to the ,falkland ,islands4 ,the crew killed #hj1jjj seals1 packed away the skins in the ship's hold1 and then sailed to ,canton4 ,the ,neptune was the first ,new ,haven ship that furrowed the waves of the ,pacific4 ,the sealskins were sold to ,canton merchants for #c4ge each4 ,with #bhj1jjj of the profits the ,connecticut boys laid in a rich store of ,oriental goods1 tea1 silks1 and #dfg boxes of fine china4 ,these goods were sold in ,new ,haven at enormous profits4 ,the ship paid to the ,government1 on the results of that single voyage1 import duties which amounted to #bj1jjj more than the entire ,state tax for the year4 ,mr4 ,townsend1 the builder of the ship1 cleared #ajj1jjj as his share of the profits2 the super-cargo1 that useful and obsolete officer1 took #ej1jjj1 and the thirty-five ,yankee sailors and the ,yankee merchants all tasted the sweets of this phenomenal venture4 ,thirty-six other ,connecticut merchants joined at once in a venture in another ship1 and the ,cowles ,brothers1 of ,farmington1 fitted out three vessels for ,canton1 and vast amounts of ,lowestoft porcelain were brought back by them to ,new ,haven4 ,it is only recently1 and even now only among china collectors and what a ,newburyport dame called 8city folks and ,yorkers0 7that is ,bostonians and ,new ,yorkers--or city people in general71 that the pieces spoken of in the last few pages would be called ,lowestoft4 ,in country homes all are still ,chinese or ,india porcelain4 ,it is the favorite tradition told of nearly every piece1 even of undisputed ,english wares of the last century1 that 8my grandfather brought that bowl to us from ,hong ,kong10 and even when you point out the ,caughley or ,staffordshire marks1 the owners are unconvinced and openly indignant4 ,chinese porcelain evidently denoted much higher aristocracy than ,english ware in early ,federal days1 and the sentiment lingers still among simple folk4 ,crests1 arms1 and initials are very common1 8put on for us in ,china10 and the 8,china0 or 8,india0 tradition1 must in such cases never be openly doubted4 ,much specially decorated porcelain did come to us from ,china2 there is plenty of proof in old letters1 bills1 diaries1 and shipping receipts1 that persons in both ,america and ,england ordered services of porcelain such as we now call ,lowestoft1 to be made and decorated for them in ,china4 ,these orders were sometimes filled in a manner which was vastly disappointing4 ,miss ,leslie1 the sister of the eminent painter1 related that she ordered a dinner service to be made and painted for her in ,china4 ,she directed that a coat of arms should be placed in the centre of each plate1 and made a careful drawing of the desired coat of arms and pasted it in the centre of a specimen plate1 and wrote under it1 8,put this in the middle40 ,what was her dismay when1 on the arrival of the china1 she found on every piece not only the coat of arms1 but the words1 indelibly burnt in1 8,put this in the middle40 ,another person ordering porcelain in ,china sent out a book-plate as a guide for outline in decoration1 and was much disgusted when the service arrived to find it painted by the literal-minded ,chinese artist in lines of funereal black like the book-plate1 instead of the gay colors the china-buyer had desired1 and which were then so fashionable4 ,but ,i feel that in all this about the questionable ,lowestoft ,i am neither quite fair nor quite liberal to the claims of the far ,orient4 ,we do not regard with doubt or with question of ,english co-operation all the contributions of ,china to our early table furnishings4 ,about the pieces just described1 many collectors are reckless in judging and naming1 and too often unjust to our ,asiatic ceramic purveyors2 but much porcelain came to ,america which is known and acknowledged to be ,chinese1 and which has never for a moment had the shadow of suspicion of ,occidental manipulation cast over it--,i mean 8blue ,canton china40 ,a hand whose clear and perfect touch made beautiful1 yet rendered truthfully everything she described1 wrote thus of such porcelain3 8,the china here1 as in all genuine ,salem cupboards1 was chiefly of the honest old blue ,canton ware4 ,there were shining piles of these plates1 which while they are rather heavy to handle1 always surprise one by being so thin at the edges4 ,there were generous teacups like small bowls1 squat pitchers with big noses1 and a tureen whose cover had the head of a boar for a handle4 ,and in all this the blue was dull and deep in tint1 with a certain ill-defined vaporous quality at the edges of the lines1 and the white of the cool greenish tinge of a duck's egg4 ,you can buy blue ,canton to-day1 but it is not old blue ,canton40 ,the stanch ships of ,elias ,haskett ,derby1 of ,william ,gray1 of ,joseph ,peabody1 brought to ,salem hogsheads and boxes and crates of this old blue ,canton china2 it still lingers close-hidden and high-shelved in ,salem cupboards2 it has been crushed grievously under foot in ,salem attics2 has been sold ignominiously to ,salem junkmen1 and also proudly and eagerly bought by ,salem collectors4 ,many a 8venture0 was sent out by ,new ,england dames to 8far ,cathay0 in these ,east ,india trading-ships1 and many a pretty blue ,canton teapot and cups and saucers1 or great ringing punch-bowl came home from ,china in return for the hoarded egg-money1 the inherited ,spanish dollars1 or the proceeds of the year's spinning and weaving4 ,do you know what a 8venture0 was a hundred years ago8 ,it was a gentle commercial speculation in which all ,puritan womankind longed to join1 just as all ,new ,england ministers legally and soberly gambled and revelled in the hopes and disappointments of lottery tickets4 ,an adventurer in those days was as different from an adventurer of to-day as was an undertaker of #agib from an undertaker of #ahib4 ,when a ship sailed out to ,china in the years following the ,revolutionary ,war1 the ship's owner did not own all the cargo 7if cargo of ginseng it bore71 nor send out all the contents of the bags of solid specie that were to be invested in the rich and luxurious products of the far land4 ,there were no giant monopolies in those days4 ,all his friends and neighbors were kindly and sociably allowed to join with the wealthy shipmaster in his risks and profits1 to put in a little money on speculation--in short1 to send out a sum large or small on a 8venture40 ,sometimes orders were given that this 8venture0 should be invested in special forms of merchandise2 sometimes it was only placed in the supercargo's hands to share in its proportion the general profit4 ,complicated books must ,elias ,haskett ,derby have had to keep through all these petty 8ventures10 but good profits did that honest man render1 though he left at his death the largest fortune of any ,american in that century4 ,women1 fired by these alluring profits and assailed by a gambling obsession1 sold their strings of gold beads1 their spring lambs1 their knitted stockings1 and eagerly sent out the accumulated sum by the ship's purser1 and received in return tea1 spices1 rock-candy1 crapes1 china1 anything they coveted for their own use or fancied they could sell at a profit4 ,men1 too1 sent out a 8venture0 as a gift to their new-born children1 or to fill their own pockets2 fair maids bought through a 8venture0 their bridal finery4 ,from ,bristol one young miss sent in to a ship-owner her gold earrings to 8venture0 for 8a sprigged and bordered ,india muslin gown of best make10 and she got it too1 thin and sheer1 close-sprigged and deep bordered1 just as well selected and carefully conveyed as if she had 8ventured a hundred pound40 ,the newspapers of the times abounded in advertisements of blue ,canton china1 such as this from the ,columbia ,centinel of ,december #ai1 #agib3 8,superfine ,nankin blue enamelled landscape and fancy pattern ,china-ware direct from ,china3 among other articles are complete dinner setts1 tea coffee breakfast do2 ,teacups saucers ,teapots separately do2 dinner breakfast dessert flat ,deep ,plates2 ,punchbowles ,mugs ,pitchers40 ,frequently the china was sold direct from the vessel1 or from the wharf alongside4 ,how truly ,oriental that old ,canton china must have been to ,boston and ,providence and ,salem dames when they had tiptoed down on the rough old wharf in wooden clogs or velvet-tipped golo-shoes1 their fair faces covered with black velvet masks if the weather waxed cold or the wind blew east2 when they had seen the great weather-beaten ship1 with its stained sails and blackened ropes and cables--the ship that had brought the fragile porcelain cargo to port--the ,lively ,prudence1 the ,lively ,peggy1 the ,lively ,sally1 the ,lively ,molly1 or any of the dozen great ships named by ,yankee shipmasters and ship-owners for the lively young women of their acquaintance4 ,they had been on board the ,indiaman1 perhaps1 and smelt its bilge-water and its travelled stale ship-smells2 had watched the strange picturesque foreign sailors1 barefooted and earringed1 as they brought the packages and spread out the boxes on deck1 or carried in their brawny arms the great crates on ,scarlett's or ,rowe's ,wharf1 and with their bronzed tattooed hands took out the precious porcelain from its rice-straw packing and rice-paper wrapping4 ,how that old blue ,canton must have savored forever to the fair buyers of the 8bloom raisins10 the cinnamon1 the ginger1 palm-oil1 gum-copal1 and ivory1 the tea1 the otto-of-roses1 that had been fellow-travellers for months in the good ship's hold2 and have spoken1 too1 of far-away lands and foreign sights1 and of 8the magic and mystery of the sea40 ,truly1 we of to-day have lost all the romance1 the sentiment1 that brightened and idealized colonial shopping1 when we know not the ship1 nor scarcely the country from whence come our stores4 ,in ,newport1 in ,bristol1 in ,providence1 in ,boston--wherever ships could sail from port1 and wherever favoring winds wafted them back again1 vast stores of this old blue ,canton ware have been and can now be found2 8tall coffee-pots1 with straight spouts1 looking like lighthouses with bowsprits2 short1 clumsy teapots with twisted handles and lids that always fall off20 jugs1 tureens1 helmet pitchers1 and sauce-boats4 ,at the recent disbandment of the family and selling of the home of one of the old presidents of ,brown ,university1 a score of old ,canton platters were found behind trunks and old furniture under the eaves in the garret4 ,too heavy1 too cumbersome to be used on our modern tables1 they were banished to the garret rafters1 and there prisoned1 were forgotten4 ,in past years when roast-pig and giant turkeys were served on that hospitable board1 these great platters proudly held their steaming trophies2 but now we have changed all that--the turkey is cut up surreptitiously in some unseen corner1 and the blue ,canton platters1 dusty and cobwebbed1 lie forgotten in the garret4 ,these vast stores of blue ,canton were doubtless part of the cargo of the ,ann and ,hope1 the beautiful and stanch ship that in #agii bore into ,providence 8one hundred and thirty boxes of chinaware in tea and dinner sets40 ,in #ahjj she again brought into port three hundred and sixty-two boxes and one hundred and twenty-four rolls of chinaware1 together with such other delightful ,oriental importations as two bales of gauze ribbons1 seven boxes of lacquered ware1 five hundred ,chinese umbrellas1 sixty bundles of cassia and five boxes of sweetmeats1 forty jars of rock-candy1 and twenty tubs of sugar-candy4 ,in #ahjb came on the ,ann and ,hope one thousand and forty-eight boxes of chinaware1 but1 alas6 no sugar-candy1 or sweetmeats for ,providence lads and lasses1 but instead forty disappointing boxes of rhubarb4 ,hot-water plates of ,canton china did every well-regulated and substantial ,new ,england family own1 deep hollow vessels1 with their strong heavy bottoms and little open ears4 ,not very practical nor convenient of use were they--or1 at least1 so it seems to us nowadays4 ,and another and common form of coarse blue and white ,chinese ware which our grandmothers had by the score need not be despised by china collectors--the old1 high-shouldered ginger-jars that fifty and seventy-five years ago were so good in color4 ,some are mammoth jars holding nearly a gallon1 that are decorated with a chrysanthemum pattern in clear dark blue1 and when set on the top of a corner cupboard need not fear even the proximity of a cabinet specimen of costly old hawthorn4 ,a few members of the aristocracy of ginger-jars exist1 not in common plebeian blue and white1 but with a greenish ground covered with red and yellow enamelled flowers4 ,these were never sold in ,china1 but were used as presentation jars1 being usually given by some ,chinese grandee or trader to some ,yankee sea-captain1 or sent to ,america as a token of respect to some ,american merchant or ship-owner4 ,they sell readily for #e each in an out-of-the-way antique shop1 for thirty in a fashionable one4 ,six shockingly dirty specimens were found in a hen-house on an inland farm on ,long ,island1 and after being pumped upon for a long season at the horse-pump1 and swept off vigorously with a birch-broom1 they revealed their original glories of color1 and after a thorough cleansing and disinfecting now grace teak-wood cabinets in ,new ,york homes4 ,a very dainty form of ,oriental china was seen in many hospitable homes in the beginning of this century1 a form now obsolete4 ,i mean a 8toddy strainer40 ,it was a shallow1 circular saucer or disk of fine ,oriental ware1 blue ,canton or ,nankin1 or white and gold ,oriental porcelain1 and was pierced with tiny holes4 ,it was about four or five inches in diameter and bore two little projecting ears or handles1 which were fastened to the body of the strainer by embossed leaves4 ,on the edge of a flip-mug or a toddy glass the ears of the toddy strainer rested when used1 and when the toddy was poured from the great punch pitcher into the glass1 the strainer prevented the lemon- and orange-seeds from entering the glass below4 ,these toddy strainers are no longer imported in our temperance-ruled and invention-filled days1 and being of frail china1 have seldom outlived the years when they were in such constant1 jovial1 and hospitable use4 ,nor have ,i seen them elsewhere than in the seaport towns of ,narraganset ,bay4 ,i fancy some luxury-loving1 toddy-drinking1 money-spending old ,newport merchant invented1 explained to the ,chinese1 and imported to ,america these pretty porcelain toddy strainers4 ,illustration3 ,chinese ,ewer4 ,sometimes a single odd or beautiful piece of ,oriental china was brought to ,america in the olden times by those far-roving and home-bringing old sea-captains1 and the single specimen still exists--a stranger in a strange land4 ,such is the graceful little ewer here shown1 a piece of ,persian shape1 but of pure ,chinese paste1 and 8with antick shapes in ,china's azure dyed40 ,this design1 with its 8little lawless azure-tinted grotesques10 forms a piece curious enough to be worthy a place in any cabinet4 ,such also is a dull green enamelled and crackled bowl which ,i own1 and a ,chinese dish of antique earthenware1 which has been mended and riveted by some ,oriental china-mender with gold wire4 ,a great blue and white tall jar with red lacquered cover is unique in size as it is in its contents--long strings of sugar-coated ,chinese sweetmeats1 sweetmeats so unpleasant and outlandish in flavor and so mysterious in appearance that they were regarded with keen disfavor by simple stay-at-home ,new ,englanders1 who invested the innocent sweets with alarming attributes1 and laid them under suspicion of concealing within their sugary surfaces bits of all the heathenish edibles--sharks' fins1 birds' nests1 puppies' tails1 and other unchristian foods that had been seen and even tasted in foreign lands by bold travelled mariners4 ,hence there still lie at the bottom of the great jar a few silken strings of shrivelled1 unwholesome-looking black knobs like some strange ,oriental beads2 despised by generations of sweet-toothed children of the ,puritans1 and now too adamantine in consistency to be tasted or nibbled even by the boldest gourmand or curiosity-seeker of to-day4 8,posy-holders0 are found of ,india china with a rich decoration of red1 blue1 and gold1 with little flecks of green1 the cover pierced with holes to keep the stems of the flowers in place2 8bowpots0 also of similar porcelain and ornamentation4 ,i have not found in my china hunting any old blue hawthorn jars1 nor any fragile pieces of 8grains-of-rice0 porcelain1 nor sets of covered saki-cups in scarlet and gold1 nor dainty translucent cups that seem naught but glaze1 though ,i have been shown them in other collections as country treasure trove4 ,i have seen a few tall green crackle vases and jars1 of age and dignity enough to chill unspoken within our lips any inquiry regarding or suggesting purchase4 ,illustration3 ,persian ,vase4 ,a few stray polychrome ,chinese bowls of the description known as 8real ,indian0 ,i have found1 and ,i hear that whole dinner services of such wares were imported4 ,general ,gage had one in ,boston1 and a few of its beautiful plates escaped destruction at the 8looting0 of the ,province ,house4 ,but the old services of ,oriental china that ,i have seen have all been blue ,canton or ,lowestoft4 ,the graceful blue and white vase here shown ,i at first sight fancied to be ,chinese1 but now believe to be ,persian4 ,as the country owner of this oddly-shaped and rather curiously-decorated vase knew nothing of how it had been acquired by the members of her family1 nor how long it had been possessed by them1 nor whence it came1 nor indeed anything1 save that it had stood for many years on her grandmother's best room mantel-shelf1 it may be a comparatively modern piece of ware4 ,i have woven about it and haloed around it an ,arabian ,nights romance of astonishing plot and fancy1 in which a gallant ,yankee sailor1 a hideous ,arabian merchant1 and a black-eyed1 gauze-robed houri fill the leading parts2 and perhaps my imaginative story of the presence of the ,persian outcast in a staid ,new ,england farm-house is just as satisfactory as many of the wondrous china tales we hear4 ,an everlasting interest rests in all ,oriental china in attempting to translate the meaning of the ,oriental stamps and marks4 ,i have never deciphered any save a few of the hundred forms of ,show--the ,chinese greeting1 8,may you live forever10 and the marks on one old ,chinese bowl1 which signified wan1 a symbol used only on articles made for talented literary persons2 ,p koo chin wan 8for the learned in antiquities and old curiosities10 and the mark of the instruments used by authors--the stone for grinding ink1 the brushes for writing1 and the roll of paper4 ,i was highly delighted1 and indeed very proud1 when ,i discovered the meaning of these ,chinese letters4 ,i tried to fancy that it was a significant coincidence--a friendly message from the old world to the new--that pointed out that ,i too belonged to what is in ,china the ruling class1 the literati4 ,but the more closely ,i examined my literary tickets1 the more depressed ,i became4 ,i found1 alas1 that these flattering marks were never placed on my bowl by the ,orientals2 they were skilfully painted over the glaze in oil colors by the base1 jesting ,occidental who gave the piece of old porcelain to me4 ,the china called ,lowestoft was1 without doubt1 the kind most desired and most fashionable in early ,federal times throughout both ,north and ,south4 ,such was the dinner service of the ,carrolls of ,carrollton1 with bands of rich brown and gold and a pretty letter ,c4 ,such was the family china of ,william ,morris2 of ,john ,rutledge1 with the initials ,j4 ,r4 and the shield and eagle2 and the tea-service of ,john ,dickinson1 with blue and gold bands and his initials4 ,of ,lowestoft china was one of the beautiful services of ,general ,knox--his 8best china0 that was used on state occasions4 ,it was banded with delicate lines of pale gray1 black1 and gold1 and the rich coloring of red1 blue1 and gold was confined to the decoration in the centre of the plate4 ,this was an eagle with extended wings1 bearing on his breast the seal of the ,society of the ,cincinnati1 a round shield with a group of appropriate figures surrounded by the motto1 8,omnia relinquit servare rempublicam10 a motto certainly very significant of ,general ,knox's patriotism4 ,the eagle was surmounted by a wreath of palm or laurel leaves tied with a knot of blue ribbon4 ,beneath the eagle were delicately formed initials about half an inch in height--,l4 ,f4 and ,h4 ,k4--the ,h4 and ,k4 intertwined just as ,general ,knox always wrote them4 ,this beautiful service was a gift to ,mrs4 ,knox from her rich grandfather1 ,general ,waldo2 a wedding gift1 it is often asserted1 though ,i had hardly supposed that her relatives1 being so bitterly opposed to the msalliance of the 8belle of ,massachusetts0 with the young clerk in a bookshop1 had given her any such rich tokens of approval4 ,then1 too1 the runaway match was made at the beginning of the ,revolutionary ,war1 and ,mrs4 ,knox1 following her husband from battle-field to battle-field1 would hardly have needed or thought of such fine china4 ,the fact that it bears the decoration of the seal of the ,cincinnati1 points to a date after the establishment of that society4 ,lowestoft1 too1 was the china table-ware of ,john ,hancock1 the table-ware that he ordered to be thrust one side and replaced by old-fashioned pewter4 ,and when he lay in his bedroom groaning with the gout and heard the rattle of a china plate on the table in the dining-room below1 he ordered his servant to throw the precious but noise-making dish out of the window1 and the thrifty black man saved the dainty ,lowestoft by throwing it on the grass4 ,but the every-day china1 the common table-ware1 of all these good ,american citizens and patriots--,knox1 ,hancock1 ,paul ,revere1 the ,otises1 ,quincys1 and a score that might be named--the plates and dishes of china from which they ate their daily bread1 were not of ,lowestoft1 but of honest old blue ,canton4 ,,ix4 ,,the ,,cosey ,,teapot ,it is small wonder that the craze for the gathering together and hoarding of teapots has assailed many a feminine china hunter in many a land1 and that many a noble collection has been made4 ,teapots are so friendly and appealing1 one cannot resist them4 ,no china-loving woman can pass them by1 they are so domestic as well as beautiful2 a steam of simple cheer and homeliness ascends forever 7though invisible7 from their upturned spouts1 and a gentle genie of cosiness and welcome dwells therein4 ,and then their forms are so varied6 ,plates1 from their nature1 necessarily show a prosaic flatness and similarity of outline2 cups and saucers are limited in their capabilities of diversification2 but teapots6 you may find a new shape for every day in the year4 ,in ,america we have an extra incentive and provoker of interest in the extraordinary great age assigned to teapots4 ,you can hardly find one of any pretension to antiquity in ,america that is asserted to be less than two hundred years old2 and two centuries and a half are as naught to teapot-owners4 ,sophisticated possessors are a little shy about assigning their old teapots to the ,mayflower invoice1 since we have heard so many incredulous and bantering jibes about the size and tonnage of that capacious ship2 but country owners are troubled by no such fears of ridicule1 and boldly assert the familiar tradition2 while the pages of our catalogues of loan collections containing entry after entry of 8teapots brought over in #afbj10 8teapots three hundred years old10 show the secret faith and belief of even more travelled and studied teapot-owners4 #afcj--afdj--afej6 ,it would seem1 could we trust tradition1 that teapots just swarmed in ,america in those years4 ,there were none then in ,england or ,holland or ,china1 and no tea even in ,england2 but it is proudly boasted that we had teapots and1 of course1 tea also in ,america4 ,i wonder we do not claim the teapot as a ,yankee invention6 ,the ,chinese knew naught of any such 8conveniencys0 at that time2 they stupidly steeped their tea in a cup or dish or bowl2 indeed1 they do so still in the great shops1 and tea-gardens1 and yaamens of ,china1 and would doubtless have conservatively clung to the same simple and primitive fashion in all their houses to this day1 had not the opened traffic with the western world shown them the restless craze for change common to nearly all ,europeans and awakened in them a desire for novelty and improvement4 ,the first mention of ,english teapots which ,i have chanced to see is in the private memorandum book of ,john ,dwight1 of ,fulham1 potter4 ,the date of the entry is previous to #afie4 ,it is a receipt for 8the fine white clay for ,dishes or ,teapots to endure boiling water40 ,under date of ,november1 #afie1 he says3 8,the little furnace where the last ,red ,teapots was burnt ,i take to be a convenient one for this vse40 ,an entry dated #afia tells of a 8strong ,hardy ,clay fit for ,teapots20 and again of a 8dark colour'd ,cley for marbled ,dishes and teapots to endure boiling water40 ,in ,houghton's ,collections of #afie we read3 8,of teapots in #afid there came but ten1 and those from ,holland1 but to our credit be it spoken1 we have about ,fauxhall made a great many1 and ,i cannot gainsay but they are as good as any came from abroad40 ,the first successful experiment of ,bottcher in the manufacture of porcelain took the form of a teapot2 and potters of succeeding years have spent much time and thought in inventing new shapes and decorations for tea-drawing vessels4 ,would it not be interesting to have a cabinet with a chronological and also a cubical succession of teapots1 from the tiny ones of ,elers-ware used in the time of ,queen ,anne1 when tea was sold in ounce packages at the apothecaries1 down to the great three-quart teapot used by ,dr4 ,johnson and sold at the sale of ,mrs4 ,piozzi's effects8 ,there would ,i stop and never admit as a teapot the ugly great spouted earthen casks made in ,japan1 to satisfy abnormal-minded and craving collectors4 ,into one of these hideous monstrosities in the possession of a well-known collector1 two men were able to crawl1 seat themselves1 and have the cover placed over them--a sight to make the judicious china-lover grieve4 ,in still another china-succession might we write the history of the teapot in ,america1 from the simple plebeian undecorated earthenware pot in which was sparingly placed the precious pinch1 through the gayly-colored and larger teapot1 earthen still1 through ,wedgwood's varied wares in which our patriotic grandmothers drank their wretched 8,liberty ,tea10 to the fine porcelain treasures of ,worcester1 ,minton1 ,derby1 ,svres1 and ,dresden of to-day--a story of the growth of our nation in luxury and elegance4 ,the earliest known mention of the use of tea by ,englishmen is in a letter written in #afae by one wanderer in ,china to another fellow-soldier1 asking for a 8pot of the best sort of chaw0 and also for 8three silver porringers to drink chaw in40 ,by #affd it appears to have been sold in ,england in some considerable quantity1 in spite of ,pepys's oft-quoted entry in his diary in the year #affe about tasting 8thea a ,china drink0 that he never had drunk before4 ,pepys was far from rich at that time1 and tea may have been in frequent use for some years among persons of wealth and quality without his ever having tasted it4 ,it quickly grew in favor in the court1 the first importations all coming from the ,continent1 from ,holland1 and soon was plentiful and comparatively cheap4 ,among the common people and conservative country folk1 however1 beer still held its own at breakfast and supper until ,swift's time4 ,new ,england dames followed the fashions1 fancies1 and tastes of their sisters in ,old ,england as soon as their growing prosperity allowed4 ,when in #afff the fragrant herb cost sixty shillings a pound in ,england1 ,i hardly think our frugal ,pilgrim ,fathers imported much tea4 ,the first mention of tea which ,i have found shows that in #afij ,benjamin ,harris and ,daniel ,vernon were licensed to sell 8in publique10 in ,boston1 8,coffee ,tee ,chucaletto40 ,the following year two other tea-houses were licensed4 ,dr4 ,benjamin ,orman had a 8,tinn ,teapott0 in ,boston previous to his death in #afie1 an article of novelty and luxury that probably few of his neighbors possessed4 ,though ,felt1 in his 8,new ,england ,customs10 and ,weeden1 in his 8,social and ,economic ,history of ,new ,england10 both say that green tea was first advertised for sale in ,boston in #agad1 ,i find in the ,boston ,news ,letter of ,march1 #agab1 8green and ordinary teas10 advertised for sale at 8,zabdiel ,boyltons 7or ,boylstons7 ,apothecary ,shop10 and in the same year teapots and tea-tables were sold at the ,swing ,bridge by 8,publick ,outcry40 ,in #agac ,zabdiel ,boylston had ,bohea tea2 in #agad 8very fine green tea1 the best for color and taste10 was advertised2 and in #agae tea was sold at the ,coffee ,house1 thus showing that it was being imported in larger quantities4 ,the taste quickly spread1 and wherever there was tea there was also a teapot4 ,weeden says that it is strange that ,judge ,sewall1 with all his fussing about wine1 and 8chokolet10 and 8cyder10 and 8pyes10 and cakes1 and 8almonds and reasons10 and oranges and figs1 says naught of tea4 ,he does speak of it2 he drank at a 8great and ,thursday0 lecture1 at ,madam ,winthrop's house in the year #agji1 8,ale ,tea ,beer10 and he does not especially note it as a rarity4 ,i do not believe1 however1 though he lived until #agcj1 when it was sold in every ,boston dry-goods1 grocers'1 hardware1 millinery1 and apothecary shop1 and advertised in every ,boston newspaper1 that he often drank the 8cup that cheers but not inebriates40 ,he may have regarded it as did ,henry ,saville1 who wrote deploringly of tea-drinking in #afgh as a 8base and unworthy ,indian practice10 saying sadly1 8the truth is1 all nations are growing so wicked40 ,in #agai ,bohea tea was worth twenty-four shillings a pound in ,philadelphia4 ,in #agba it had risen six shillings higher in price1 while by #ageg it cost only seven shillings a pound4 ,in #agbe they had both green and ,bohea tea in ,virginia and the ,carolinas1 as is shown by the writings of the times2 while1 though ,i have not found it advertised till #agbh in ,new ,york1 the 8tea-water pump0 showed its large use in that town4 ,when tea was first introduced into ,salem it was boiled in an iron kettle1 and after the liquor was strained off1 it was then drank without milk or sugar1 while the leaves of the herb were placed in a dish1 buttered and salted and eaten4 ,a letter printed in 8,holmes's ,annals10 and written in #agdj1 thus complains3 8,almost every little tradesman's wife must sit sipping tea for an hour or more in the morning1 and maybe again in the afternoon1 if they can get it1 and nothing will please them to sip it out of but chinaware4 ,they talk of bestowing of thirty or forty shillings on a tea equipage1 as they call it4 ,there is the silver spoons1 the silver tongs1 and many other trinkets that ,i cannot name40 ,bennett1 in his ,travels1 told the same tale of ,boston women4 ,each woman then carried her own tiny teapot when she made one of those much-deprecated tea-drinking visits1 and often her own teacup also1 else she might have to drink from a pewter cup4 ,and she frequently brought her own precious thimbleful of tea1 especially if she chanced to have a decided fancy in the variety of the herb that she used4 ,in the latter half of the eighteenth century tea and teapots were common enough in ,america1 and the 8,china herb0 played a part in our national history that would have immortalized it had it no other claims to our love and consideration4 ,in ,december1 #aggc1 ,boston ,harbor was made one great 8tea-drawing10 and after that memorable event many ,american dames gave up from a sense of duty their favorite beverage1 but they did not destroy their tea-sets4 ,here is the lament of one matron over her empty urn3 8,farewell the tea-board with its gaudy equipage ,of cups and saucers1 ,cream-bucket1 ,sugar-tongs1 ,the pretty tea-chest1 also lately stored ,with ,hyson1 ,congo and best ,double ,fine4 ,full many a joyous moment have ,i sat by ye ,hearing the girls tattle1 the old maids talk scandal ,though now detestable4 ,because ,i am taught and ,i believe it true ,its use will fasten ,slavish chains upon my ,country ,to reign triumphant in ,america40 ,there is in ,new ,bedford one very interesting old teapot which lays a very definite1 decided1 and special claim to having been brought over in the ,mayflower4 ,it is said to have been the property of ,elder ,brewster1 and is known as the 8,elder ,brewster ,teapot40 ,it is a pretty little cylindrical vessel with fluted bands1 and is decorated with gilt lines and dark red flowers and border4 ,scoffers1 of course1 will bring up to you all the oft-enumerated points--that the ,pilgrims had no china1 that tea was not known in ,england1 and probably not known in ,holland in #afbj2 that teapots are a comparatively modern invention--but still we feel an interest in this 8,elder ,brewster ,teapot40 ,it brought at the sale of ,governor ,lyon's effects only #de1 which low price was1 ,i fear1 an indication that the belief of the scoffers prevailed among the buyers there assembled4 ,the firm of ,richard ,briggs ,co41 of ,boston1 caused to be manufactured in #ahgd a number of reproductions of this teapot4 ,before taking the original to ,messrs4 ,wedgwood1 at ,etruria1 they were careful to obtain the opinion of a china expert1 ,mr4 ,townsend1 of the ,south ,kensington ,museum1 who pronounced the 8,elder ,brewster ,teapot0 old ,delft1 and showed to ,mr4 ,briggs several specimens similarly decorated4 ,whatever it may be--old ,delft1 old ,meissen1 old ,staffordshire1 or even comparatively modern ware--the reproduction is certainly a pretty little teapot1 even if the ,mayflower episode in the career of the original be said to be fabulous4 ,the story of the acquisition of this teapot by ,governor ,lyon is very interesting4 ,he bought it from an old lady in ,vermont1 but only after repeated visits1 much cajolery1 many rebuffs1 and a very stiff purchase sum4 ,there is in ,morristown1 in the beautiful old colonial mansion known as ,washington's ,headquarters1 a tall teapot which is dissimilar in shape to the ,elder ,brewster teapot1 but which is exactly like it in paste1 in decoration of dull vermilion and maroon1 and as a further resemblance1 it has the same rather curiously modelled flower as a knob on the cover4 ,this teapot is labelled 8,old ,english ware10 and old ,english ,delft it apparently is4 ,it certainly looks like a sister of the ,elder ,brewster teapot4 ,at this home of the ,washington ,association may be seen many other curious and interesting teapots--old ,spode1 ,staffordshire1 and ,wedgwood4 ,black basalts and cream-ware specimens of good design are found in the well-kept and well-arranged cases4 ,all have a story or a history of past owners to make them interesting1 aside from the longing we feel for them as 8specimens40 ,i would we could pour out from their spouts in old-time words the stream of ,continental tattle that has been poured into them2 we could write therefrom a social and economic history of our country that would excel in point of detail ,boswell's ,johnson1 ,pepys's ,diary1 and ,horace ,walpole's ,letters all rolled into one4 ,a famous and curious teapot was the shape known as the ,cadogan4 ,they were also used for coffee1 and were formed from a model of ,indian green-ware brought from abroad by the ,marchioness of ,rockingham1 or the ,hon4 ,mrs4 ,cadogan1 and from her received the name4 ,they were made at the ,rockingham works2 and ,george ,,iv41 then ,prince ,regent1 a connoisseur in tea1 chancing to see one and to praise the tea that came from it1 the ,cadogan teapots sprang at once into high fashion4 ,mortlock1 the dealer1 ordered for one season's supply1 #ijj worth4 ,this teapot was all in one piece2 it had no cover4 ,it was filled through a hole in the bottom4 ,a slightly spiral tube ran up from this hole nearly to the top of the teapot4 ,it can plainly be seen that when it was filled with an infusion of tea and inverted1 that the liquid could only escape through the spout4 ,the teapots were decorated on the outside with raised leaves and flowers4 ,some of these ,cadogan teapots of course came to ,america1 and are now found in collections4 ,i have also seen ,japanese 8puzzle teapots0 fashioned in the same manner1 to be filled at the bottom4 ,another ,japanese 8puzzle-teapot0 looks like a gray earthen doughnut with a handle and spout1 the tea being poured into it through the hollow handle4 ,george ,,iv4 was a connoisseur in teapots not only from a gastronomic point of view1 but he was a collector of them as well1 and had at the ,pavilion at ,brighton great pyramids formed of a vast variety of teapots4 ,many collections of them have been made in ,england4 ,mrs4 ,hawes left to her daughter three hundred choice teapots which were arranged in a room built specially for them4 ,a number that had belonged to ,queen ,charlotte were in this gathering4 ,such a collection is interesting and instructive1 the pieces being from various factories and lands4 ,even more instructive still1 because gathered with a definite purpose and forming a serial guide to the perfect knowledge of the ceramic productions of a single country1 is such a collection of teapots as that in the unrivalled ,morse ,collection in the ,boston ,museum of ,art4 ,but collections of modern ,japanese teapots1 gathered simply for the sake of seeing how many different kinds and what grotesque shapes one can get1 do not appeal to me4 ,such is said to be the modern 8assorted lot0 of ,madame de ,struve1 the wife of the minister to ,japan1 who gathered together nine hundred and seventy-five ,japanese teapots4 ,such a collection can be formed in a week by any person having money enough to pay for them and interest enough to order the cratefuls sent home2 while a collection of good old teapots of ,oriental1 ,english1 ,french1 and ,german wares is a matter of a lifetime1 especially if historical interest is a desideratum1 and good taste as well4 ,i have not seen in ,america1 as may be found in boudoirs and dining-rooms in ,france and ,england1 any friezes 8three row deep0 of teapots round the top of the room2 but one fair ,new ,york china-maniac1 who says with the vehement exaggeration so typical of ,american women1 8,i love my teapots and my tea as ,i love my life10 has a narrow shelf quite round the wall-top1 about a foot below the ceiling1 filled closely with a gay procession of vari-colored1 vari-formed teapots4 ,it is a unique and striking decoration--in good taste1 since the frieze teapots are none of them gems1 but simply gay and effective bits of ,oriental color and grotesque shape4 ,in a cabinet1 glass-covered and screened1 are all the old teapots which she owns1 a rare and dainty company of ancients and honorables4 ,at ,stockbridge1 in the possession of ,mrs4 ,plumb1 may be seen1 arranged on shallow shelves1 a large and good collection of teapots1 gathered chiefly from farm-houses in the country around4 ,over one hundred old ,english pieces are among the number1 some of them being very beautiful and rare4 ,mottoes1 names1 and inscriptions are often found on ancient teapots found in ,america4 ,one of ,leeds-ware bears on one side the words3 8,may all loving friends ,be happy and free ,in drinking a ,cup ,of ,harmless ,tea40 ,another bears these verses3 8,my ,lad is far upon the ,sea ,his absence makes me mourn ,the bark that bears him off from me ,i hope will safe return ,and from his earnings ,i'll save up ,if lucky he should be ,and then when old with me he'll stop ,and go no more to sea0 ,another friendly teapot has the lines3 8,kindly take this gift of mine ,full of love for thee thine4 #agfi40 ,a fourth this good advice3 8,drink only tea ,sober keep40 ,many of the sailor mottoes found on ,liverpool pitchers are also seen on teapots of ,liverpool ware1 as if made to some sailor's order for a gift4 ,illustration3 ,lowestoft ,teapot4 ,perhaps the teapots most commonly used by our grandmothers are the types here shown2 one a cylindrical ,canton china teapot known now as ,lowestoft1 and one a gayly painted ,bristol pottery teapot4 ,specimens of the latter and ,staffordshire pottery teapots differed much in shape1 an hexagonal form being frequent1 and the swan or dolphin knob being seen on many of the varied shapes4 ,the black ,jackfield teapots with raised designs1 looking like black glass1 are sometimes found1 silver mounted and quaint4 ,illustration3 ,bristol ,pottery ,teapot4 ,for the perfection1 the idealization of the teapot we must turn to the productions of ,josiah ,wedgwood4 ,appropriate and convenient in shape1 elegant in decoration1 perfect in manufacture1 they have handles adjusted in precisely the best possible balancing place1 spouts shaped to empty the contents in the most perfect and thorough manner1 covers that slide or fit with ease and yet with exactitude1 bases that are perfectly proportioned and levelled--in a ,wedgwood teapot we find elegance and fitness equally combined1 it obeys and satisfies every artistic1 economic1 and mathematical rule2 8built by that only law--that use be suggestive of beauty40 ,our modern tastes do not run now to the black basalts1 the blue jasper1 the cream-ware of ,wedgwood2 we fancy a glazed1 painted porcelain for every-day use1 but the fact remains the same--the ,wedgwood teapots are the best1 the most perfect ever made2 even in ,china and ,japan1 the acknowledged home of teapots1 where the little vessels are not only used to hold tea1 but as an omniparient cistern of every other liquid1 even in those countries can be found no more perfect teapots than those of ,wedgwood4 ,they deserve the appellation of ,de ,quincey1 8an eternal teapot40 ,x4 ,,punch-,,bowls ,,and ,,punches ,there is no individual piece of china around which shines such a glowing halo of warm hospitality1 of good-fellowship1 of good cheer1 as around the jolly punch-bowl4 ,a plate1 a mug1 a pitcher1 is absolutely devoid of any interest or sentiment save what may come from knowledge of past ownership1 or from beauty or quaintness of decoration2 a teapot conveys a sense of cosiness and homeliness2 but a punch-bowl1 even a common1 ugly1 cracked crockery punch-bowl--visions of good company and good companions rise at the very sight1 even at the very name4 ,what tales of colonial and continental times an old ,american punch-bowl could tell if it only could and would repeat half that it has heard2 what gay drinking-songs1 what stirring patriotic speeches1 what sharp legal wit1 what sober and circumspect clerical jokes1 what kindly eleemosynary plans would echo cheerfully out of its great sounding bell could it1 like the phonograph1 give forth what has rung into it in the past6 ,what scenes of rollicking mirth1 of dancing feet and dicing-games have been photographed on its insensitive and unchanging glaze6 ,in what scene of cheerfulness and of seriousness alike did not the colonial punch-bowl take its part8 ,it encouraged the soldier on eve of battle1 it bade the sailor ,god-speed4 ,the heavy ,delft bowl stood filled and refilled to the brim at the husking-party1 the apple-bee1 the wood-spell1 the timber-rolling1 the muster1 the house-raising1 the lottery-drawing1 the election2 while the big ,india china bowl stood even on the church steps at an ordination or a church dedication4 ,it held the water to christen the baby2 it made cheerful the wedding-feast2 and even in times of sadness it was not banished1 but side by side with the funeral baked meats the omnipresent punch-bowl stood to greet and cheer every sad comer4 ,indeed1 at a funeral the punch-bowl specially shone4 ,great pains were taken and no expense spared to properly concoct and serve the sombre funeral-punches4 8,rum1 lemons1 a loaf of sugar1 and spices10 sometimes also 8,malligo raisins and rose-water10 were items on every reputable and la mode1 as they called it1 undertakers' bills4 ,a sober1 responsible1 and above all1 an experienced committee was appointed to carefully mix and flavor the last libation that could ever be offered to the dead friend4 ,small wonder with such good cheer that even sober ,judge ,sewall openly called a funeral a 8treat40 ,and we can understand why a very worthy old gentleman1 a lover of the olden times1 complained with much bitterness in the early part of this century that 8temperance had done for funerals40 ,the gayly-flowered and gilded punch-bowl was not sadly draped in trappings of woe1 nor set one side in seclusion1 but standing cheerfully in a prominent position with its spicy welcome1 made even sad mourners feel that life was still worth living4 ,the punch-bowl certainly flourished proudly in ,america through the eighteenth century1 just as it reigned in honor in ,england at the same time4 ,previous to that date the ,english prototype of the punch-bowl had been the posset-pot1 and that primitive form still exists1 and indeed is made and used in ,derbyshire and the neighboring ,english counties to the present day4 ,a few posset-pots have made their way to ,america with ,derbyshire emigrants and have been gathered in by rapacious collectors4 ,on ,christmas eve in olden times the great vessel1 which sometimes held two gallons1 was filled with the 8good drink10 and a silver coin and a wedding-ring were dropped in when the guests assembled2 each partaker in turn dipped out a great spoonful or ladleful of the drink1 and whoever was lucky enough to fish up the coin was certain of good luck during the ensuing year1 while the ring-finder would be happily and speedily married4 ,posset was a very good mixture--a 8very pretty drink0--not so good as punch1 of course1 but to us invested with a reflected glory4 ,hath not ,shakespeare oft spoke to us of posset8 ,in my little 8,queen's ,closet ,opened10 a book of culinary1 medical1 and potatory recipes collected by and for ,queen ,henrietta ,maria1 ,i find half a dozen rules for the brewing of 8sack-posset40 8,to make a ,sack-,posset without ,milk or ,cream3 ,take eighteen ,egs1 whites and all1 taking out the ,treads1 let them be beaten very well1 take a pint of ,sack1 and a quart of ,ale boyl'd1 and scum it1 then put in three-quarters of a pound of suger and a little ,nutmeg1 let it boyl a few wames together1 then take it off the fire stirring the ,egs still1 put into them two or three ,ladlefuls of drink1 then mingle all together1 and set it on the fire1 and keep it stirring til you find it thick then serve it up0--and not drink it1 but cut it up and eat it1 one might fancy4 ,there is no recipe for punch in my 8,queen's ,closet40 ,i fear ,queen ,henrietta did not know about that new drink1 punch1 in #afgf1 when this quaint old book was published4 ,had she done so1 she had not needed so many nostrums for insomnia4 ,englishmen in ,india knew of it2 8spiced punch in bowls the ,indians quaff10 wrote one in #affe1 and in #afig ,tryer spoke of it and basely libelled it as 8an enervating liquor40 ,the punchless ,queen knew1 however1 how to make hypocras1 metheglin1 mead1 caudle1 cordial-water1 aqua-clestis1 aqua-mirabilis1 clary-water1 gillyflower-wine1 usquebarb1 and1 best and delectablest of all1 she knew how to make a ,damnable ,hum1 and ,i doubt not she served it in a punch-bowl as was befitting so noble a drink4 ,the posset-pot had some cousins in ,england--the goddard1 the wassail-bowl1 the gossip-bowl1 the caudle-cup--poor relations1 however1 and feeble ancestors of the glorious punch-bowl4 ,to the ,orientals1 not to the ,english1 we owe our punch-bowls and our punches4 ,punch or 8pauch0 was an ,indian drink1 and the word meant five1 and was named from the five ingredients used in its composition--arrack1 tea1 sugar1 water1 and lemon-juice4 ,a 8pauch0 was also a conclave of five men1 a 8pauch-pillav0 a medicine of five ingredients1 and so on4 ,the ,english people took very readily to the new ,oriental drink and the new vessel to hold it1 as it did to everything else in ,india4 ,we read in the old ballad of 8,jock-o'-the-,side10 8,they hae gard fill up a punch-bowl10 and when a ballad adopts a word1 then it is the people's4 ,as the potter's art advanced in ,england1 great bowls were made to hold punch at taverns and halls1 often for the special use of the potters themselves4 ,cheerful mottoes did these potters' punch-bowls sometimes bear4 ,for simplicity and terseness this excels1 8,one ,bowie more1 and then0--does it not speak a never-ending welcome8 ,a blue and white potter's bowl ten inches in diameter has this descriptive motto3 8,john ,udy of ,luxillion his tin was so fine it glidered this punch-bowl and made it to shine1 pray fill it with punch let the tinners sitt round they never will budge till the bottom they sound40 ,glider meant to glaze1 not to gild1 and the verses refer to the stanniferous opaque white glaze formed by the use of ,cornish tin4 ,another bowl has these sententious lines3 8,what art can with the potter's art compare8 ,for of what we are ourselves of such we make our wares40 ,more serious rhymes still are found4 ,at ,north ,hylton1 in ,england1 were made many punch-bowls of lustre ware1 and the proprietor1 ,mr4 ,phillips1 must have been a very serious-minded and inconsequential man1 or he never would have put these lines on so worldly a vessel3 8,the loss of gold is great1 ,the loss of health is more1 ,but losing ,christ is such a loss ,as no man can restore40 ,this bowl may1 however1 have been for a parson4 ,on another specimen of the ,hylton pottery gayly decorated with a print of a ship1 a public house1 and a hat-and-feathered young woman with an umbrella and small dog1 are these sober and comically incongruous verses3 8,there is a land of peaceful rest ,to mourning wanderers given1 ,there's a tear for souls distrest1 ,a balm for every wounded breast1 ',tis found above in ,heaven60 ,were it not for the public house1 and the hat and feathers1 we should know that this punch-bowl was surely made purposely to use at funerals4 ,one of the finest punch-bowls ever figulated is twenty inches and a half in diameter4 ,it is of ,liverpool ,delft1 painted in blue with ships and a landscape1 and the inscription1 8,success to the ,africa ,trade1 ,george ,dickinson40 ,when we remember of what the 8,africa ,trade0 consisted--the slave-traffic--we wonder the punch did not poison the drinkers4 ,i have often seen this bowl referred to by authors as of extraordinary and unique size4 ,it is not as large as the grand blue and white punch-bowl used by the first ,continental ,congress1 a bowl which is now at ,morristown1 at ,washington's ,headquarters4 ,i do not know whether this mammoth ,congressional bowl is ,canton china or ,english delft1 for1 since it stands in a cupboard1 one cannot examine it closely4 ,the color and design are good1 and the size impressive1 and altogether it is a noble relic1 for this courage-giver of those troubled and anxious ,federal days may have played no unimportant part in the affairs and history of our nation2 ,i regard it with grateful awe and veneration1 and also with a rather unworthy pride and satisfaction in its great size4 ,there were hosts of punch-bowls at that date in ,america4 ,watson wrote in #ahcj1 of old colonial ,philadelphia3 8,a corner was occupied by a beaufet1 which was a corner closet with a glass door1 in which all the china and plate were intended to be displayed for ornament as well as for use4 ,a conspicuous article was always a great china punch-bowl40 ,and they needed a punch-bowl1 and a large one too1 if we can trust the local annals of the time4 ,william ,black recorded in his diary in #agdd1 that he was given in ,philadelphia cider and punch for lunch1 rum and brandy before dinner1 punch1 ,madeira1 port1 and sherry at dinner1 bounce and liqueurs with the ladies1 and wine and spirits and punch until bedtime4 ,well might he say that in ,philadelphia 8they were as liberal with wine as an apple-tree with its fruit on a windy day40 ,a clergyman named ,acrelius gives us the most abundant proof why ,philadelphians and their neighbors always should need a punch-bowl4 ,in #agei there was printed in ,stockholm a detailed account of ,pennsylvania or ,new ,sweden1 written by this ,parson ,acrelius4 ,he fairly revels in his descriptions of the appetizing drinks to be had in the new land1 and he unctuously explains how to concoct the 8mixed drinks0 in the most approved fashion4 ,here is the list of ,american drinks that he sent back to ,sweden to encourage emigration4 ,french ,wine1 ,frontenac1 ,pontac1 ,port-a-port1 ,lisbon ,wine1 ,phial ,wine1 ,sherry1 ,madeira ,wine1 ,sangaree1 ,mulled ,wine1 ,currant ,wine1 ,cherry ,wine1 ,raspberry ,wine1 ,apple ,wine or ,cider1 ,cider ,royal1 ,mulled ,cider1 ,rum 8which is like ,french ,brandy1 only with no unpleasant odor10 ,raw-dram1 ,egg-dram1 ,egg-nogg1 ,cherry-dram1 ,cherry ,bounce1 ,billberry ,bounce1 ,punch1 ,mamm1 ,manathann 7made of small beer1 rum and sugar71 ,hotchpot 7also of beer1 curd and rum71 ,sampson 7of warm cider and rum74 ,more familiar and modern names appear also3 ,tiff1 ,flip1 ,hot ,rum1 ,mulled ,rum1 ,grog1 ,sling2 then come ,long-sup1 ,mint-water1 ,egg-punch1 ,milk-punch1 ,sillabub1 ,still ,liquor 7which was peach brandy71 ,anise ,cordial1 ,cinnamon ,cordial--in all a list of fifty drinks with an added finish of liqueurs1 8drops almost without end10 meads1 metheglins1 and beers4 ,now1 do you wonder that they had great and many punch-bowls in ,philadelphia8 ,what a list to make a toper wish that he had lived in ,pennsylvania in colonial days4 ,sober ,boston was not one whit behind its ,quaker neighbor4 ,as early as #afhf ,john ,dunton had more than one 8noble bowl of punch0 in that ,puritan town4 ,bennett1 a visitor in ,boston1 in #agdj1 wrote1 8,as to drink they have no good beer4 ,madeira wines and rum-punch are the liquors they drink in common40 ,boston people of fashion served a great punch-bowl of flip or punch before dinner4 ,if the bowl were not too large it was passed from hand to hand1 and all drank from it without the ceremony of intervening glasses4 ,i doubt not it was a test of high fashion to handle well and gracefully the punch-bowl4 ,various and strange were the names of the contents of these punch-bowls--names not on ,parson ,acrelius's list4 ,madam ,knights wrote in #agjd1 that 8the ,bare-legged ,punch had so awfull or rather awkerd a name that we would not drink40 ,berkeley wrote that the strong drink of ,virginia in #agaj was 8,mobby ,punch1 made either of rum from the ,caribbee ,islands1 or ,brandy distill'd from their ,apples and ,peaches40 ,another ,virginian traveller wrote in #agdd1 8,our liquor was sorry rum mixed with water and sugar1 which bore the heathenish name of ,gumbo punch40 8,pupello punch0 was made from cider brandy4 8,sangry punch0 was probably an accented sangaree4 8,rack punch0 was made from arrack2 while 8,jincy punch0 ,i leave to the philologists1 antiquaries1 or expert bartenders to define or analyze4 ,where are all those great punch-bowls now that we read of in history8 ,i wish ,i could see the punch-bowl used by the ,newburyport ministers in their frequent social meetings1 the punch-bowl in the picture painted over ,parson ,lowell's mantel1 the picture with its great bowl1 the parsons all smoking1 and the cheerful motto1 8,in ,essentials1 ,unity2 in ,non-essentials1 ,liberty2 in ,all ,things1 ,charity40 ,i should like to see the bowl which played such an important part in the transfer of the four hundred acres of land which formed the birthplace of ,thomas ,jefferson4 ,old ,peter ,jefferson made a very canny trade when he acquired the deed of that large tract in exchange for 8,henry ,weatherbourne's biggest punch-bowl full of arrack punch40 ,golden should have been that bowl1 and vast its size1 to justify its purchase-power4 ,i would ,i could see the great punch-bowls used by the rollicking1 hunting1 drunken clergy of ,virginia in ante-,revolutionary times1 at their 8,monthly ,meetings10 the tale of whose disgraceful revelry has been told us by ,mr4 ,parton in his 8,life of ,jefferson40 ,where is the punch-bowl used at the ,wolfes ,head ,tavern in ,newburyport1 on ,september #bf1 #agfe1 8at the greate uneasyness and ,tumult on acasion of the ,stamp ,act20 the bowl from which the alarmed citizens of ,newburytown drank fifty-seven pounds worth of 8double and thribble bowles0 of punch1 and in company with which they had two pounds worth of supper and coffee4 ,well might we say1 8,o monstrous6 ,but one penny worth of bread to this intolerable deal of ,sack60 8,greate uneasyness10 no doubt1 they felt4 ,one of the oldest punch-bowls--indeed1 one of the oldest pieces of china in the country--is the beautiful ,india or ,chinese bowl now owned by ,edmund ,randolph ,robinson1 ,esq41 of ,new ,york4 ,it is eighteen inches in diameter1 of rich red and gold decoration1 and is mounted upon a black wood stand upon which is a silver plate bearing the noble historical names of its past owners1 so far back as known4 ,it is supposed to have been brought to ,america by ,william ,randolph1 as his son1 ,sir ,john ,randolph1 is known to have long possessed it4 ,this gentleman was one of the early ,governors of ,virginia1 and ,attorney-,general in the first part of the eighteenth century4 ,his son ,peyton was president of the first ,continental ,congress in #aggd1 and ,attorney-,general of ,virginia4 ,from him it passed to ,edmund ,randolph--also ,governor and ,attorney-,general of ,virginia--aide-de-camp to ,washington1 and first ,attorney-,general and second ,secretary of ,state of the ,united ,states4 ,he was the great-grandfather of the present owner4 ,this beautiful relic has passed through good service as a christening-bowl for many generations of ,governors and ,attorney-,generals1 as well as enduring a vast amount of use on less solemn occasions4 ,how many punch-bowls did ,george ,washington own8 ,the great ,india china bowl with a picture of a frigate2 the 8rose china0 bowl now at ,mount ,vernon2 the fine great bowl now in the ,national ,museum2 the china bowl given by him to ,william ,fitzhugh4 ,he gave a beautiful punch-bowl to his friend and aide-de-camp1 ,colonel ,benjamin ,eyre2 another to ,tobias ,lear1 and another to ,mrs4 ,allen ,jones1 of ,newberne1 ,n4 ,c4 ,and still less can we number the punch-bowls out of which he once drank4 ,we all have one in the possession of some member of our family--,i wonder1 with all his punch-drinking1 that the father of his country was ever sober4 ,illustration3 ,bowl ,given to ,mrs4 ,allen ,jones4 ,this beautiful great bowl1 eighteen inches in diameter1 was given by ,washington to ,mrs4 ,allen ,jones1 and has had sad usage4 ,it was buried in the ground to hide it from ,tarleton's men1 and is grievously cracked and broken4 ,it is of richest decoration of red1 blue1 and gold on an ,india china ground4 ,it is now owned by the ,washington ,association of ,new ,jersey4 ,washington's ,india china punch-bowl1 which was at ,arlington ,house in #ahdj1 is thus described by ,mr4 ,lossing4 8,the great porcelain punch-bowl has a deep blue border on the rim spangled with gilt dots4 ,it was made expressly for ,washington1 but when1 where1 and by whom is not known4 ,in the bottom is the picture of a frigate and on the side are the initials #8,g4 ,w4' in gold upon a shield1 with ornamental surroundings4 ,it is supposed to have been presented to ,washington by the ,french naval officers40 ,and the 8rose china0 bowl at ,mount ,vernon6 ,that was purchased by the ,mount ,vernon ,association in #ahia from the ,lewis estate1 for #bej--;and it is broken too4 ,it is sixteen inches across and five and a half in depth4 ,on the rim1 both inside and outside the bowl1 is an odd pink and yellow band4 ,scattered over it are flowers of various colors1 in which pink predominates4 ,the beautiful ,chinese bowl given to ,colonel ,benjamin ,eyre1 the ,revolutionary patriot1 by ,washington1 is now in the possession of ,colonel ,eyre's great-grandson1 ,benjamin ,eyre ,valentine1 ,esq41 of ,brooklyn4 ,it is about fifteen inches in diameter and five and a half inches high1 of fine ,canton china1 and bears around the outside of the bowl a scene in a ,chinese town1 and at regular intervals flaunting flags of all the known nations which were then engaged in maritime pursuits1 our new flag--the stars and stripes--being conspicuous among them4 ,this bowl thus possesses an additional historical interest1 in that it is the oldest known piece of ,chinese porcelain bearing the decoration of the ,american flag4 ,it is a counterpart in size and shape to the ,washington bowl now in the ,smithsonian ,institution1 but the latter is decorated with ,chinese landscapes and figures4 ,it came into the possession of the ,government through the sale of ,washington relics by the ,lewis family4 ,illustration3 ,cincinnati ,bowl4 ,the most curious ,continental punch-bowl that ,i have ever seen is the great bowl which is here shown4 ,it is now owned by the ,washington ,association of ,new ,jersey1 and once belonged to ,colonel ,richard ,varick1 aide to ,washington4 ,it is a beautifully-proportioned vessel of ,lowestoft or ,canton china1 about eighteen inches in diameter4 ,it has a dark blue border with festoons of gilt1 and bears on the side1 in well-chosen colors1 all the words and design of the full certificate of membership of the ,society of the ,cincinnati4 ,the winged figure of ,fame1 and the other symbolical figures are carefully painted1 and all the lettering1 including the fine text of the ,latin mottoes on seal and crest1 is clear and exact4 ,doubtless a certificate of membership was sent to be copied when the bowl was ordered by ,colonel ,varick4 ,it is in perfect condition1 and is one of the finest historical relics of early ,federal times that ,i have ever seen4 ,it plainly shows the pride and delight of ,revolutionary heroes in their new country and new associations4 ,there are in the same building--,washington's ,headquarters--half a dozen other punch-bowls1 all of historical interest1 and all large enough to show the vastly hospitable intent of the new-made citizens of the new ,republic4 ,how pleased good1 plain ,american ,republicans were with that ,society of the ,cincinnati1 and how it tickled their pride to wear the ,order6 ,adams and ,franklin were seriously alarmed at the powerful hold and influence the decoration seemed to have1 and used argument and ridicule against it4 ,one patriotic and vain citizen had his portrait painted in the bottom of his punch-bowl1 with the ,order proudly displayed around his neck4 ,around him encircled that favorite emblem1 the thirteen-linked chain2 great black links these were1 with the name of a ,state in each4 ,on the side of the bowl the ,order was again displayed in larger size4 ,there is a gallant ten-gallon bowl in ,upper ,faneuil ,hall1 which belongs to the ,ancient and ,honorable ,artillery of ,boston4 ,captain ,ephraim ,prescott1 when in ,china in #agie1 procured this great bowl as a suitable present for his companions at arms4 ,the generous captain died during the voyage home1 and on its arrival in port the punch-bowl fell into strange hands4 ,thirty years later ,hon4 ,jonathan ,hunnewell heard of its existence1 bought it for #ae1 and gave it to the military company for whom it was originally purchased4 ,curious old orders and entries exist about the purchase of wine1 rum1 sugar1 and 8sourings0 for the manufacture of the ancient and honorable punches4 8,but if sowrings be scarce dear1 wine rum only40 ,you might make a punch without lemons1 on a squeeze1 but not without wine and rum4 8,sourings0 ought to have been cheap enough4 ,even as early as #agda lemons were plentiful and not at all dear4 ,in the ,salem ,gazette in #agda1 is this notice3 8,extraordinary good and very fresh ,orange ,juice1 which some of the very best ,punch ,tasters prefer to ,lemmons1 at one dollar per gallon4 ,also very good ,lime ,juice and ,shrub to put into ,punch1 at the ,basket of ,lemmons4 ,j4 ,crosby40 ,so there was with all the punch-bowls1 a regular profession of punch-tasting2 just fancy it4 ,occasionally there is some definite means of tracing the age of one of these pieces4 ,thus the fine1 perfect punch-bowl owned by ,william ,c4 ,townsend1 of ,newport1 is said to have been brought out by ,captain ,jacob ,smith1 of the ,semiramis1 a ship that1 returning home in #ahjd after an absence of three years1 was lost on ,nantucket ,shoals4 ,of her cargo1 valued at three hundred thousand dollars1 but little was saved2 but1 strange to say1 this great punch-bowl1 twenty-two inches in diameter1 holding eight gallons1 was brought off in safety4 ,it has the typical ,lowestoft border of blue enamel with gold stars1 and on the sides are large medallions so ,european in appearance that at first they seem to stamp the bowl as ,english4 ,examination1 however1 shows that the figures have the almond eyes of the ,chinese1 as well as other ,oriental characteristics1 and were undoubtedly copied from ,french or ,english prints sent to ,canton4 ,a modern writer thus sadly deplores the 8good old times30 8,fifty years ago the punch-bowl was no mere ornament for the side-board and the china-cabinet2 it was a thing to be brought forth and filled with a fragrant mixture of rum1 brandy and curacoa1 lemon1 hot water1 sugar1 grated nutmeg1 cloves1 and cinnamon4 ,the preparation of the bowl was as much a labor of love as that of a claret-cup1 its degenerate successor4 ,the ladles were beautiful works of art in silver--where are those ladles now1 and what purpose do they serve80 ,yes1 it is true1 the days of universal use for the punch-bowl are over--ornamental and curious they now are1 and nothing more4 ,lucky it is for us china collectors1 that dinners and everything else la russe did not obtain with our hospitable ancestors4 ,no great tureens1 no generous pitchers1 no vast platters1 and no noble punch-bowls should we now have to admire and gloat over1 and place in our cabinets as monuments of ceramic art4 ,had they lived as we do1 not a single punch-bowl should we have to glory in and grow sentimental over4 ,an ignorant butler would have carelessly and prosaically mixed the drink in his pantry in any kind of a pot or a pan1 and then ignominiously bottled it1 and brought it in when required in driblets1 in stingy little glasses that say plainly3 8,drink this1 and no more40 ,indeed1 ,i doubt we ever would have had punch1 for in the gustatory and potatory laws of cause and effect1 ,i know the punch-bowl evoked or generated punch instead of being made to hold punch4 ,i would not go back to the rollicking1 roaring1 drunken ways of the olden time1 but on the whole ,i am glad our grandfathers had those ways and bequeathed to us the glorious1 great1 ringing punch-bowls1 in which they brewed and mixed and concocted1 and from which they drank that 8most insinuating drink0 with which so often they got sadly1 hopelessly 8lusky1 bosky1 buffy1 boozy1 cocky1 fuddled1 balmy1 pickled1 screwed1 funny1 foggy1 hazy1 groggy1 slewed1 ruddled1 dagged1 jagged1 comed1 elevated1 muddled1 tight1 primed1 mainbrace well spliced1 gilded0--or whatever elegant1 chaste1 colonial appellation our synonym-lacking language afforded to express being drunk4 ,one worthy tribute to an old punch-bowl has been written by one of our best-loved poets4 ,i would his bowl had been like my theme1 china instead of silver--ah1 no6 ,i do not1 for had it been of 8tenderest porcelane0 it might have been broken a century ago1 and we should have known neither his punch-bowl nor his perfect poem4 ,how true the opening verses6 8,this ancient silver bowl of mine1 it tells of good old times1 ,of joyous days1 and jolly nights1 and merry ,christmas chimes2 ,they were a free and jovial race1 but honest1 brave1 and true1 ,that dipped their ladle in the punch when this old bowl was new40 ,and can ,i end better than with the concluding verses8 8,i tell you there was generous warmth in good old ,english cheer1 ,i tell you 'twas a pleasant thought to bring its symbol here2 ',tis but the fool that loves excess--hast thou a drunken soul8 ,thy bane is in thy shallow skull1 not in my silver bowl6 8,i love the memory of the past1 its pressed yet fragrant flowers1 ,the moss that clothes its broken walls1 the ivy on its towers-- ,nay1 this poor bauble it bequeathed--my eyes grow moist and dim1 ,to think of all the vanished joys that danced around its brim4 8,then fill a fair and honest cup and bear it straight to me1 ,the goblet hallows all it holds whate'er the liquid be1 ,and may the cherubs on its face protect me from the sin1 ,that dooms one to those dreadful words1 #8,my dear1 where have you been8'0 ,,xi4 ,,george ,,and ,,martha ,,washington',s ,,china ,in the long and apparently extravagant orders which ,george ,washington sent to ,england previous to the ,revolutionary ,war1 for the purchase and exportation to him of dress goods and house and table furnishings of various descriptions1 ,i find no mention of table china4 ,in #agei he wrote for 8four ,fashionable ,china ,branches or ,stands for ,candles10 and for 8,busts of ,alexander the ,great1 ,charles ,,xii4 of ,sweden1 ,julius ,csar1 and ,king of ,prussia1 fifteen inches high and ten wide4 ,others smaller of ,prince ,eugene ,duke of ,marlborough4 ,two wild ,beasts twelve inches high and eighteen inches long1 and ,sundry ,small ,ornaments for the chimney piece40 ,as these were to be 8finished neat and bronzed with copper10 or to be gilt1 they were doubtless all of plaster or some similar composition4 ,a portion of the items in the order were sent to him1 the wild beasts being 8,two ,lyons40 ,these two plaster 8lyons10 shorn of their golden lustre and painted ignominiously black1 stood for years over a doorway at ,mount ,vernon1 were inherited by ,lawrence ,washington1 and sold in ,philadelphia on ,april #bb1 #ahia1 for thirty dollars4 ,i can find no hint of any china possessions of ,washington until the ,war of the ,revolution was gloriously ended4 ,he had plenty of pewter--dinner dishes of that humble metal with his initials and crest are still preserved4 ,his camp-service of forty pieces was entirely of pewter1 and ,i doubt not the greater part also of his home table furnishings in his early married life4 ,in his directions for remodelling and refurnishing his house at ,mount ,vernon1 after the expiration of his terms as ,president1 he ordered that a small room be appropriated for 8the ,svres china and other things of that sort which are not in common use40 ,mr4 ,lossing says3 8,he undoubtedly referred to the sets of china which had been presented1 one to himself1 and the other to ,mrs4 ,washington1 by the officers of the ,french ,army4 ,the former was dull white in color1 with heavy and confused scroll and leaf ornaments in bandeaux of deep blue1 and having upon the sides of the cups and tureens1 and in the bottoms of the plates1 saucers1 and meat dishes1 the ,order of the ,cincinnati held by ,fame personated by a winged woman with a trumpet4 ,these designs were skilfully painted in delicate colors40 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,cincinnati ,china4 ,while this description of ,mr4 ,lossing's is accurate as to the decoration of the china1 if not as to the quality of the decoration1 a china collector would at once discover that the 8,cincinnati set0 was not ,svres1 but was plainly ,chinese4 ,it is the well-known dull white1 hard paste of ,canton manufacture1 with a border of commonplace ,oriental design in deep blue under the glaze4 ,some of the pieces have 7all1 perhaps1 had originally7 a narrow rim of gilt on the outer edge1 and a narrow line of gilt within the border4 ,the rather insignificant and undersized figure of ,fame has bright brown wings and trumpet1 a robe of light green1 a scarf of bright pink1 while the bow-knot sustaining the colored ,order of the ,cincinnati is light blue4 ,this design is not painted at all skilfully but quite crudely over the glaze4 ,some of the covered dishes bear upon the cover the order without the figure of ,fame4 ,in a note made by ,governor ,lyon he states that this service was 8made in ,canton in #aghd1 the design being furnished by ,general ,miranda40 ,though the design be insignificant and the execution crude1 much interest is added to the ,cincinnati china to know that the 8most gentlemanlike of filibusters0 made the drawing for the decoration4 ,that plausible and brilliant man who 8talked so like an angel0 that ,americans1 ,russians1 and ,englishmen vied in endeavors to assist him in his visionary schemes2 who helped to establish independence in ,america1 to give freedom to ,france1 to liberate his native land1 ,venezuela2 who aided in freeing thousands of others1 died himself in a ,spanish dungeon a slave1 a most miserable captive1 in chains1 with an iron collar around his neck4 ,no one was apparently better fitted to give information on the subject of the ,cincinnati china than ,governor ,lyon1 for he was a frequent visitor at ,mount ,vernon and ,arlington ,house in the middle of this century2 he was also collecting facts and details with a view to writing a 8,history of the ,ceramic ,relics of the ,revolution40 ,unfortunately he relied much on his memory1 and hence left few notes4 ,much ignorance about this ,cincinnati china is displayed1 even by writers upon pottery and porcelain4 ,the author of 8,the ,ceramic ,art0 calls it ,svres1 and places the most ,chinese-looking illustration of it alongside the print of equally ,frenchy ,svres vases4 ,that careful observer and exact recorder1 the author of 8,the ,china ,hunters' ,club10 falls into no such error1 and though unable to examine specimens closely1 says 8they looked like so-called ,lowestoft1 and may have been ,chinese1 ,english1 or of some ,french factory40 ,another well-known writer says that this set was given to ,washington in #aghj4 ,as neither the ,society of the ,cincinnati1 nor its badge1 existed until #aghc1 this statement is palpably false4 ,the authorities at the ,national ,museum1 and all the owners of pieces of the set1 consider that it was presented to ,general ,washington by the entire ,society of the ,cincinnati1 and not by the ,french officers alone1 as ,mr4 ,lossing states4 ,it would seem probable that had the ,french officers made the gift1 it would have been of ,french china of some elegance1 instead of such commonplace ,chinese porcelain4 ,hon4 ,hamilton ,fish1 the ,president of the ,society of the ,cincinnati1 tells me that the general society1 and1 as far as known1 the individual ,state societies1 have no records of the gift of this china to ,washington2 nor have ,i seen any letters1 any entries1 any notes of the time1 to prove1 or even hint1 that this china was the gift of the ,society of the ,cincinnati4 ,though ,martha ,washington mentions the set in her will1 she does not specify it as a gift1 as she does the 8set given me by ,mr4 ,van ,braam40 ,while ,i have never seen any statements to prove that this set of china was the gift of the ,society of the ,cincinnati1 there is in the possession of ,ferdinand ,j4 ,dreer1 ,esq41 of ,philadelphia1 a letter which would seem to indicate that ,washington may have bought the china himself1 or1 at any rate1 it proves that china with the decoration of the badge of the ,cincinnati was ordered for the general ,american market4 ,the letter1 which is very characteristic of ,washington's thrift and prudence1 is addressed to ,colonel ,tench ,tilghman and runs thus3 ,,mt ,,vernon #agth ,augst #aghe4 ,,dear ,,sir3 ,the ,baltimore ,advertiser of the #abth inst announces the arrival of the ship at that ,port immediately from ,china1 and by an advertisement in the same paper ,i perceive that the ,cargo is to be sold by public ,vendue on the first of ,octo4 next4 ,at what prices the enumerated articles will sell on the terms proposed can only be known from the experiment1 but if the quantity at market is great1 and they should sell as goods have sold at vendue bargains may be expected4--,i therefore take the liberty of requesting the favor of you1 in that case1 to purchase the several things contained in the enclosed list4 ,you will readily perceive my dear sir1 my purchasing or not depends entirely upon the prices--,if great bargains are to be had1 ,i would supply myself agreeably to the list4 ,if the prices do not fall below a cheap retail sale1 ,i would decline them altogether or take such articles only 7if cheaper than common7 as are marked in the margin of the ,invoice4 ,before ,october1 if none of these goods are previously sold1 and if they are1 the matter will be ascertained thereby1 you will be able to form a judgment of the prices they will command by ,vendue--upon information of which1 ,i will deposit the money in your hands to comply with the terms of the ,sale4 ,since ,i began this letter ,i have been informed that good ,india ,nankeens are selling at ,dumfries 7not far from me7 at #g_/f a pc this ,curr ,f----4 ,but if my memory has not failed me1 ,i used to import them before the war for about #e,s sterl4 ,if so1 though #ej per cent is a small advance upon ,india ,goods through a ,british channel 7and the duties and accumulated charges thereon7 yet quaere8 would not #g_/f be a high price for ,nankeens brought immediately from ,india1 exempted from such duties and charges8 ,if this is a conjecture founded in fairness1 it will give my ideas of the prices of the articles from that country and be a government for your conduct therein1 at or before the day appointed for the public ,vendue4 ,with the highest esteem and regard ,i am ,dr ,sir1 ,yr affect friend and ,obedt ,serv't ,g4 ,,washington4 ,invoice of ,goods to be purchased by ,tench ,tilghman ,esqr on account of ,geo ,washington agreeable to the letter accompanying this of equal date4 ,a sett of the best ,nankin ,table ,china ,ditto--best ,evening ,cups ,saucers #a ,a sett of large blue white ,china ,dishes say half a dozen more or less #a #a ,doz4 small bowls blue white #a #f ,wash hand ,guglets ,basons #f ,large ,mugs or #c mugs #c jugs ,a ,quartr ,chest best ,hyson ,tea ,a ,leagure of ,battavia ,arrack if a ,leagure is not large4 ,about #ac yards of good blu3 ,paduasoy ,a ps of fine muslin plain #a #a ps of ,silk ,handkerchiefs #ab ps of the ,best ,nankeens #ah ps of the second quality or coursest kind for servants4 ,g4 ,,washington4 #agth ,augst #aghe4 ,footnote #a3 ,with the badge of the society of the ,cincinnati if to be had4 ,the sentimental and high-flown announcement in the ,baltimore ,advertiser of the arrival of the vessel referred to by ,washington reads thus3 8,on ,tuesday evening last arrived here1 directly from ,china1 the ship ,pallas commanded by its owner ,capt4 ,o',donnell4 ,she has on board a most valuable ,cargo consisting of an extensive ,variety of ,teas1 ,china1 ,silks1 ,satins1 ,nankeens1 c41 c4 ,we are extremely happy to find the ,commercial ,reputation of this ,town so far increased as to attract the attention of ,gentlemen who are engaged in carrying on this distant but beneficial ,trade4 ,it is no unpleasing ,sight to see the ,crew of this ,ship1 ,chinese1 ,malays1 ,japanese and ,moors with a few ,europeans1 all habited according to the different ,countries to which they belong1 and employed together as ,brethren2 it is thus ,commerce binds and unites all the ,nations of the ,globe with a golden ,chain40 ,the advertisement of the auction sale is also given3 8,to be sold at ,public ,vendue at ,baltimore on the #ast of ,october next in ,lots ,the ,following ,goods ,just ,imported in the ,ship ,pallas1 direct from ,china3 ,hyson ,teas1 of the first ,quality in ,quarter-,chests and ,canisters of about #b lb each2 ,hyson ,tea of the second sort in ,chests2 ,singlo1 ,confee1 ,hyson-,skin1 and ,gunpowder ,teas of the first ,quality in ,chests2 and a large ,quantity of excellent ,bohea ,tea2 ,table-,sets of the best ,nankin blue and white ,stone ,china2 white stone and painted ,china of the second ,quality in ,sets2 ,dishes of blue and white ,stone ,china #e and #c in a ,set2 ,stone ,china flat and ,soup-,plates2 ,breakfast ,cups and ,saucers of the best blue and white ,stone ,china in ,sets2 ,evening blue and white ,stone ,china ,cups and ,saucers2 ,ditto painted2 ,ditto with the ,arms of the ,order of ,cincinnati2 ,bowls--best blue and white ,stone ,china in ,sets2 blue and white ,stone ,china ,pint ,sneakers2 ,mugs--best ,stone ,china in ,sets2 small ,tureens with ,covers2 ,wash ,hand ,guglets and ,basons2 brown ,nankeen of the first and second ,quality2 plain1 flowered and spotted ,lustrings of all ,colours2 ,satins1 the ,greatest ,part ,black2 ,peelongs of different ,colours1 in whole and half ,pieces2 ,sarsnet of different ,colours2 embroidered ,waistcoat ,pieces of ,silks and ,satins2 ,silk ,handkerchiefs1 very fine1 and #bj in a piece2 spotted and flowered ,velvets2 painted ,gauzes2 ,bengal ,piece-,goods and ,muslins1 plain flowered and corded2 ,silk ,umbrellas of all ,sizes2 elegant ,paper-,hangings2 japanned ,tea-,chests2 ,ditto ,fish and ,counter ,boxes2 ,sago2 ,cinnamon and ,cinnamon ,flowers2 ,rhubarb2 ,opium2 ,gamboge2 ,borax2 very old ,battavia ,arrack in ,leagures2 with ,sundry other ,articles2 the enumeration of which would take up too much ,room in a ,public ,paper40 ,then follow the terms and methods of the sale4 ,though this inventory is of special interest to us on account of the specification of the china with the ,arms of the ,order of ,cincinnati1 the other items also merit attention as showing the goods and merchandise imported at that date to ,america4 ,and the strange1 obsolete names of the china articles excite our curiosity4 ,a 8guglet0 is a juglet or little jug2 and the word 8sneaker0 is not a low ,baltimorean ,americanism1 but good old ,addisonian ,english2 for we read in ,the ,freeholder1 ,no4 #bb1 these lines3 8,after supper he asked me if ,i was an admirer of punch1 and immediately called for a sneaker40 ,a sneaker was originally a smaller drinking mug or beaker than was ordinarily used1 and was drunk from by a 8sneak-cup10 that contemptible creature who wished to shrink from his convivial duties by 8balking his drink10 or1 to speak plainly1 who wished to drink less than his companions fancied he ought to4 ,it came gradually to be used as the name of a small mug1 and as such frequently appears in the inventories of china made and sold at ,worcester4 ,washington was no 8sneak-cup10 he boldly and liberally ordered large mugs instead of pint sneakers4 ,we can well imagine the pride of ,washington as he read this announcement of the arrival of the ship direct from ,china with its load of rich goods1 his pride in the prosperity and increasing commerce of the new ,federal nation4 ,the ,pallas was the second ship only to arrive in the ,united ,states direct from ,canton--for ,canton was at that date the only ,chinese port open to ,european and ,american vessels4 ,watson1 the author of the 8,annals of ,philadelphia10 states that the first ship to bring porcelain direct to ,america from ,china was commanded by ,captain ,john ,green1 and sailed patriotically from ,new ,york on ,february #bb;d1 ,washington's birthday1 #aghd1 and landed in return on ,may #aa1 #aghe4 ,he says3 8,i have now a plate of the china brought by him--the last remaining of a whole set40 ,this ship was the ,empress of ,china1 and one of her officers was ,captain ,samuel ,shaw1 a brave ,revolutionary officer who had been one of the original and active founders of the ,society of the ,cincinnati2 in fact1 one of the framers of the constitution of the society4 ,thus it is easy to see the means and manner by which the pattern of the figure ,fame bearing the ,cincinnati badge1 which had been drawn by ,general ,miranda1 was conveyed to ,china4 ,it is possible1 of course1 that ,captain ,shaw brought home with him in the ,empress of ,china the 8,cincinnati set10 as a gift for ,general ,washington2 but ,general ,knox had a similar set4 ,it remained in his great china-closet at his beautiful home in ,thomaston1 ,me41 until the year #ahdj4 ,a two-handled cup of this set1 bearing ,general ,knox's initials as well as the ,order of the ,cincinnati1 sold for twenty-one dollars at the ,governor ,lyon sale in #ahgf4 ,two of the plates that had belonged to ,general ,washington's set sold at the same time for one hundred dollars each4 ,though ,i have had two of these ,cincinnati plates offered to me by dealers1 within a year1 for a smaller sum1 one with an authentic history cannot now be purchased for less than three hundred dollars4 ,a plate and bowl were sold by ,sypher in #ahij for six hundred dollars4 ,at the ,loan ,collection held at the ,metropolitan ,opera ,house in ,new ,york1 in #ahhi1 on the occasion of the centennial celebration of the inauguration of ,george ,washington as ,president of the ,united ,states1 there were shown several pieces of the ,cincinnati china that had belonged to ,washington1 one plate belonging to ,luther ,kountze1 ,esq41 of ,new ,york2 a plate and saucer belonging to ,edmund ,law ,rogers1 ,esq41 of ,baltimore1 who is a grandson of ,eliza ,parke ,custis1 the granddaughter of ,martha ,washington4 ,mrs4 ,caleb ,lyon also exhibited two plates1 a tray1 and teapot4 ,these pieces1 with a pickle leaf and 8small terreen10 are now in the possession of ,miss ,lyon1 of ,staten ,island1 and from them the illustrations on page #bca were taken4 ,there are no fewer than forty pieces of this set in the ,national ,museum in ,washington2 most of these were purchased by the ,government from the ,lewis family in #ahgh4 ,there are also in the ,national ,museum several pieces of the china known as the ,martha ,washington set4 ,the smaller of the plates shown on page #i is one of this set4 ,of this china ,lossing writes3 8,the set of china presented at the same time by the ,french officers to ,mrs4 ,washington was of similar material1 but more delicate in color than the ,general's4 ,the ornamentation was also far more delicate1 excepting the delineation of the figure and ,cincinnati ,order on the former4 ,around the outside of each tureen and the inside of each plate and saucer is painted in delicate colors a chain of thirteen large and thirteen small elliptical links4 ,within each large link is the name of one of the original thirteen ,states4 ,on the sides of the cups and tureens1 and in the bottom of each plate and saucer1 is the interlaced monogram of ,martha ,washington--,m4 ,w4--enclosed in a beautiful green wreath composed of the leaves of the laurel and olive4 ,beneath this is a ribbon upon which is inscribed1 in delicately-traced letters1 #8,decus et tutam enabillo4' ,from the wreath are rays of gold which give a brilliant appearance to the pieces4 ,there is also a delicately colored stripe around the edges of the cups and saucers and plates40 ,this description conveys an excellent idea of the set to a careless observer1 but is not wholly correct4 ,the 8delicately colored stripe0 is a blue and gold snake with his tail in his mouth--a significant emblem4 ,there are fifteen long and fifteen short links instead of thirteen1 ,kentucky and ,vermont having at that time been added to the thirteen original ,states4 ,and the motto upon the pink ribbon scroll to me appears to be1 8,decus et tutamen ab illo40 ,mr4 ,lossing also says3 8,at that time the china like that presented by the ,french officers was only made at the ,svres manufactory1 the art of decorating porcelain or china ware with enamel colors and gold being then not generally known40 ,this1 of course1 is an incorrect statement1 since it was at the time of the greatest splendor in the ,english factories4 ,the decoration of china with gold was forbidden for some time in ,france except in the ,svres factory1 but this ,martha ,washington set is not ,svres4 ,it is apparently ,chinese4 ,mr4 ,lossing wrote me a long letter on this subject4 ,in it he says that the ,french officers would not have sent as a gift to ,washington china from any factory save ,svres2 but it seems now to be very doubtful whether this set was the gift of the ,french officers4 ,in the ,national ,museum at the ,smithsonian ,institution are pieces labelled1 8,presented to ,martha ,washington by ,la,fayette40 ,there is no authority for the ascription to ,lafayette of the gift of this china4 ,the only reason given at the ,national ,museum for thus labelling it is a good one--that the ticket was on the china when it was in the ,patent ,office in #ahga1 and so it will still be kept on it until some good evidence is brought that such a label is incorrect4 ,the pieces exhibited at the ,loan ,collection in #ahhi1 by individual owners--,edmund ,law ,rogers being one--were marked as the gift of ,mr4 ,van ,braam4 ,mrs4 ,beverly ,kennon1 of ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 is the niece of ,george ,washington ,parke ,custis1 and owns a cup and saucer of this set4 ,she tells me that the 8,martha ,washington china was presented 7so said my mother and uncle--both grandchildren of ,mrs4 ,washington--who certainly ought to have known7 by ,general ,washington's early friend1 a ,hollander named ,van ,braam4 ,it was made in ,china and painted in ,england40 ,mr4 ,custis thought that ,mr4 ,van ,braam was a merchant in ,china2 the ,dutch at that time had the closest business connections with that country4 ,miss ,lyon also says that ,mr4 ,custis told her that the set in question was the gift of ,mr4 ,van ,braam4 ,in addition to all this testimony in favor of ,mr4 ,van ,braam1 may be given the clause from ,martha ,washington's will1 referring to the 8sett of china given me by ,mr4 ,van ,braam40 ,captain ,van ,braam was a friend of ,washington's youth and taught the future ,president the art of fencing4 ,the gay fencing-master cut but a sorry figure at a later date1 being more than suspected of treason and unsoldierly behavior4 ,though neither of these sets were of ,svres porcelain1 ,washington is said to have owned two sets of ,svres4 ,in the ,national ,museum are twenty pieces of a service called ,svres that belonged to him1 and which he used both while he was ,president and at ,mount ,vernon4 ,at the ,governor ,lyon sale a white ,svres plate1 catalogued as having belonged to ,washington1 brought twelve dollars4 ,miss ,lyon still owns a custard-cup of the set4 ,it has a pretty gold 8dontil0 rim and a gilt cherry as a knob on the cover4 ,it bears the ,svres mark4 ,another white and gold breakfast service1 marked 8,nast0--a well-known ,french china-maker--also belonged to ,washington4 ,miss ,mary ,e4 ,m4 ,powel1 of ,newport1 has a coffee-cup and saucer of the set4 ,it was presented to ,colonel ,john ,hare ,powel1 of ,powelton1 by ,mrs4 ,custis1 in #ahab4 ,the butter-dish of this service is illustrated in 8,mount ,vernon and its ,associations40 ,another white and gold set of ,canton china still has existing pieces to show its character4 ,this was probably a dessert-service4 ,a berry-dish and two dessert-plates were sold in ,philadelphia1 in #ahij1 for ,h4 ,l4 ,d4 ,lewis 7one of the ,washington heirs71 for fifty dollars4 ,they were purchased by the ,washington ,association of ,new ,jersey 7and can be seen at their building in ,morristown71 with a cup of white porcelain with maroon ribbon and wreath decoration1 which also came from ,mount ,vernon4 ,still other pieces of ,washington china were sold in ,philadelphia in #ahia1 among them portions of a set of ,crown ,derby with tiny sprigs and flowered border4 ,pieces of this set were owned by the late ,william ,henry ,harrison1 ,esq41 of ,new ,york4 ,a very interesting plate is in the possession of ,doctor ,allan ,mc,lane ,hamilton1 of ,new ,york4 ,it was given as a keepsake to ,mrs4 ,alexander ,hamilton by ,mrs4 ,george ,washington4 ,it descended from ,mrs4 ,hamilton to ,philip ,hamilton1 the father of the present owner4 ,it is of ,french porcelain1 twelve and a half inches in diameter1 with slightly crenated edges4 ,on the left rim it is decorated with a festoon of oak leaves with gold acorns2 on the right with a border of laurel or myrtle4 ,above is a lyre with a garland--both in gold4 ,in the centre of the plate is an eagle1 perched upon a bundle of thunderbolts1 while on his head are the thirteen stars1 all in gold2 beneath1 in script1 are the letters ,g4 ,m4 ,w41 surrounded by a wreath of roses and forget-me-nots4 ,this plate is unique1 the remainder of the service being either lost or destroyed4 ,in the diary of ,baron ,von ,closen1 under the date of ,july #ai1 #agib1 this entry is found3 8,on my arrival ,mrs4 ,washington requested me to invite ,count de ,custine--who was then at ,colchester--with all the officers of his regiment1 to dinner for the next day4 ,the ,count accepted the invitation with ten officers of the regiment1 and sent ,mr4 ,bellegarde before him with a very valuable present1 a set of china coming from his own manufactory at ,niederweiler1 near ,pfalzburg1 in ,lorraine4 ,it was ornamented with a coat of arms and initials of ,general ,washington1 surmounted by a laurel wreath1 and was received by ,mrs4 ,washington with most hearty thanks40 ,i can well believe the latter statement1 for this ,niederweiler china was by far the most beautiful in quality1 decoration1 and shape that ,washington ever possessed4 ,the pieces were all slightly different1 the only universal decoration being a beautiful cipher of ,washington's initials surrounded by a golden brown cloud background1 and surmounted by a tiny rose-wreath4 ,the other decorations were of festoons or interlaced wreaths4 ,a saucer of this set1 owned by ,j4 ,chester ,lyman1 ,esq41 is now at the ,metropolitan ,museum of ,art4 ,it was given to ,timothy ,dwight1 ,mr4 ,lyman's ancestor1 by ,mrs4 ,custis4 ,the design on this piece consists of festoons of very delicate leaves in various shades of gold4 ,another piece has wreaths of tiny roses around the edge4 ,a sugar-box and bowl1 owned by ,mrs4 ,beverley ,kennon1 of ,washington1 bear still different designs4 ,a covered jug of the set is here shown4 ,the mark on this china was the interlaced ,cs1 the stamp used by ,count ,custine1 and it also is numbered 8,no4 #bi40 ,martha ,washington divided this set among her three granddaughters during her lifetime1 which is the reason it is not mentioned in her will4 ,illustration3 ,washington's ,niederweiler ,china4 ,at ,mount ,vernon are two beautiful dishes which were presented to the ,association by ,mr4 ,corcoran1 and are said to have been ,george ,washington's4 ,one is a salad or berry-dish1 seven and a half inches square and an inch and a half deep2 the edges are irregularly and gracefully scalloped4 ,there is a narrow rim of gold around the edge2 within1 a wide band of blue broken by a chain of circular rings in gold1 each enclosing a gold dot2 within this a narrow band of gold2 and a delicate gold beading forms the inside edge of the border4 ,little bunches and sprigs of flowers are scattered over the centre1 having gold stems and leaves and blue blossoms4 ,the plate has the same decoration4 ,both have the small blue ,s of the ,salopian or ,caughley works on the base4 ,mrs4 ,russel1 of ,cambridge1 ,mass41 has a plate of this set1 which was given to her by ,mr4 ,corcoran4 ,these three pieces are evidently part of a dessert-service--but where are the other pieces8 ,the 8blue and white china in common use10 referred to in ,martha ,washington's will1 was of a kind familiar to us all1 8old blue ,canton40 ,several pieces of it are now in the ,national ,museum4 ,miss ,lyon has two dishes of rather better quality that came from ,mount ,vernon1 ,nankin china apparently4 ,others have recently been sold at auction in ,philadelphia in #ahia4 ,washington used this cheerful1 substantial ,canton china 8for common use0 on his every-day table1 just as did every other good and wealthy ,american citizen of his day and time4 ,besides the pieces of blue and white ,canton china which he ordered of ,colonel ,tilghman in #aghe1 ,washington also wrote to ,general ,robert ,ridgway1 on ,september #ab1 #aghc1 a long and carefully expressed letter ordering wine and beer glasses1 and decanters and china4 8,if a neat and complete set of ,blue white ,table ,china could be had upon easy terms1 be pleased to inform me of it1 and the price--not less than six or eight doz41 however1 and proportionable number of deep and other ,plates1 ,butter-,boats1 ,dishes ,tureens will suffice4 ,these things sometimes come in complete ,setts ready packed2 should this be the case and the number of ,pieces greater than what is here mentioned1 ,i should have no objection to a case on that acc't40 ,washington had very decided opinions and tastes about table furnishings1 as he had about dress4 ,when wine was served to him and his visitors in some very ugly cups at ,princeton1 and he was told that the cups were made by a man who had since turned ,quaker1 he replied1 with his cumbersome and rare humor1 that it was a pity the man had not turned ,quaker before he made the cups4 ,the china of ,mary ,washington did not go to her illustrious son4 ,by her will1 made in #aghh1 she left to her grandson1 ,fielding ,lewis1 8half my crockery ware1 half my pewter1 and my blue and white tea china10 and to her granddaughter1 ,betty ,carter1 the other half of the crockery and pewter1 and 8my red and white china40 ,perhaps she fancied the ,general had enough china1 as he apparently did4 ,washington progressed in mantel decoration somewhat beyond the plaster 8,lyons0 and busts that decorated the home of his early married life4 ,the mantel vases described by ,mr4 ,lossing1 and shown in an illustration in his book1 were sold in ,philadelphia1 in ,february1 #ahia1 for four hundred and fifty dollars each4 ,they stood about eighteen inches high1 were decorated with butterflies and flowers on a dark blue ground1 and had covers surmounted by the ,dog ,fo4 ,other vases which once graced the chimney-pieces of ,mount ,vernon are still owned by members of the ,custis family4 ,the profuse mantel decoration of to-day was1 however1 undreamt of by him4 ,there are many other pieces of table china now in existence1 and proudly shown1 that are said to have belonged to ,washington4 ,doubtless their owners consider that they have sufficient proof of the authenticity of their relics1 but as ,i know not the value of their proofs ,i will not mention their china4 ,i think1 with the great number of punch-bowls that once belonged to ,washington1 and that are mentioned in another chapter1 with the vast assortment of rich glass-ware that once was owned by ,washington1 and that is now in the ,national ,museum1 in other public and in many private collections1 that the amount of china already named will quite swell up a value far beyond the item in the sworn inventory of the executors of ,george ,washington's will--8,glass ,china in the ,china ,closet1 that up-stairs1 that in the cellar1 #hjj40 ,what would be a relic-lover's estimate of the value of that glass and china to-day8 ,,xii4 ,,presidential ,,china ,the sets of china used by other ,presidents than ,washington1 while their various owners were living in the ,executive ,mansion1 deserve to be mentioned and described on account of historic interest1 though not always for their value as ceramics1 and because specimens of them are within the possibility of possession by a china collector4 ,i think the true china-lover will1 however1 care little to own any piece of porcelain simply because it is said to have belonged to or was eaten from by some great man--if that be its only virtue2 and ,i am sure will care little for much of the china that has graced the table at the ,white ,house4 ,jefferson was1 without doubt1 as profusely hospitable a ,president as ever dwelt in the ,executive ,mansion of the ,united ,states4 ,for this lavish hospitality he may have had a double reason--not only to gratify his well-known liberal disposition and his love of good company as well1 but to prove his shrewd suspicion1 or rather his firm conviction1 that a well-cooked dinner was often a potent factor in accomplishing his desired end when his smooth and persuasive argument or his apparent candor would have failed4 ,a good illustration of his crafty1 worldly wisdom is shown in the result of the historically renowned dinner given by him1 when ,secretary of ,state1 in #aghi1 at ,philadelphia1 to ,president ,washington and the prominent leaders of both parties of the ,house and ,senate4 ,a fierce dispute between the ,northern and ,southern members of ,congress had risen over the location of the national capital4 ,the ,southerners insisted that the banks of either the ,delaware or ,potomac should be chosen as a site2 the ,northerners were equally determined upon the borders of the ,susquehanna4 ,an amicable and peaceful settlement followed this famous dinner1 and shrewd ,jefferson had his own way--the seat of government was placed at ,washington1 on the ,potomac4 ,this lavish hospitality1 both in the ,executive ,mansion and in private life1 doubtless had much to do with ,jefferson's subsequent financial embarrassments4 ,very few of the pieces of table-ware used and owned by ,jefferson1 either in public or private life1 are now to be found4 ,his married life was short1 and his housekeeping1 both when ,secretary of ,state and ,president1 was entirely in the hands of servants1 a condition never favorable to the preservation of china4 ,the dispersion of his household effects caused the disappearance from sight and knowledge of what few pieces remained4 ,though his silver is carefully preserved by his descendants1 they own no china4 ,an octagonal plate of ,rockingham ware1 used by ,jefferson when ,president1 is now in ,washington4 ,it bears the stamp 8,,brameld40 ,it is of the dark blue shade frequently used in the ,chinese designs on that ware1 a blue so rich and deep that it gives a character and tone rarely found on pottery1 and makes the plate as glorious in tint as a block of choicest lapis lazuli4 ,the glaze is 8crazed0 on the entire surface of this particular plate1 both glaze and color being splintered in places from the brownish pottery body4 ,the plate has evidently been frequently and severely heated in an oven4 ,i have seen other pieces of the same shape1 bearing the same design1 which had not1 however1 the honorable distinction of having been owned by ,jefferson4 ,an exceedingly beautiful plate was sold at auction in ,new ,york1 about fifteen years ago1 that was catalogued as having been the property of ,jefferson and used on his dinner-table4 ,it was apparently of ,chinese manufacture of the type known as ,lowestoft4 ,the rim and inner border were diapered in dark blue1 relieved by dainty lines of gold4 ,in the centre was the letter 8,j10 in gold1 enclosed in a shield outlined in blue enamel adorned with thirteen stars4 ,above the shield was a blue and gold helmet with closed visor4 ,this plate brought #dj1 being of ceramic value as well as of historic interest4 ,there was sold at the same time1 for #b4ej1 a custard-cup of ,french porcelain painted with detached bachelor's buttons1 which was also said to have been ,jefferson's4 ,of the china used by either ,president ,adams ,i have no definite knowledge1 though ,i have seen several pieces of ,oriental china that bore the reputation of having been used by these ,presidents during their terms of office4 ,the china used by ,madison was a set of finely painted ,lowestoft4 ,portions of it are owned by descendants in ,virginia4 ,he also owned a set of fine ,french china with his initials4 ,the next ,white ,house china-service of which ,i have seen authentic pieces is the one known as the ,monroe set--,madison's official china having been destroyed at the burning of the ,executive ,mansion by the ,british in #ahad4 ,this ,monroe set is of ,french china of good quality4 ,it has around the edge a half-inch band of pale coffee color or brownish buff1 edged with a burnished gilt line on either side4 ,it has a small and pretty coffee-cup with extraordinarily flat saucer4 ,the ,andrew ,jackson set was of heavy and rather coarse bluish porcelain1 apparently of ,chinese manufacture1 with bands of ugly dull blue and coarsely applied gold1 and a conventional and clumsy shield in the centre4 ,it was not very tasteful nor beautiful1 any more than was its ,presidential owner1 and very fitly furnished forth his dining-table4 ,in ,franklin ,pierce's time what is now known as 8the red-edged set0 was bought1 the border being of dark red and gilt1 with an inner circle of gilt4 ,it was of ,french china of fair quality4 ,the cups of this set were very large1 while the saucers were exceedingly diminutive2 though people of fashion1 even at that date1 had not wholly given up drinking tea from their saucers4 ,a lady at whose home ,judge ,story and ,daniel ,webster were frequent visitors1 tells me that those two representative men of their day always drank their cooled tea from their saucers4 ,the ,buchanan set was of very commonplace ware1 with a stiff1 meagre1 and ill-painted spray of flowers in the centre of each plate and on the side of each dish4 ,ugly as they are1 the plates are now valued at forty dollars each4 ,the saucers of this set were disproportionately large1 holding much more than the cups4 ,a few pieces of this ,buchanan set still remain in ,washington1 though none are preserved at the ,white ,house4 ,illustration3 ,lincoln ,china4 ,a very full set of ,presidential china was bought in ,abraham ,lincoln's time4 ,it is of finest ,french porcelain1 with a border of crimson purple or plum color1 with delicate lines and dots of gold1 and the plates1 platters1 and saucers have slightly scalloped edges4 ,in the centre of the plates and on the sides of the dishes and small pieces is a very spirited version of the coat of arms of the ,united ,states1 with the motto 8,e ,pluribus ,unum0 upon a clouded background of gold4 ,a plate and cup of this set1 now in the possession of ,miss ,henrietta ,d4 ,lyon1 of ,staten ,island1 is here shown4 ,this design is very dignified and appropriate1 and1 with the substitution of a blue border with gilt ears of ,indian corn1 has been reproduced for the present mistress of the ,white ,house4 ,plates of this ,abraham ,lincoln set sold at the ,governor ,lyon sale for #d4be each1 and little covered custard- or egg-cups for #a4ej each4 ,i have recently had some of these plates offered to me for #be apiece4 ,portions of this set still remain and are used at the ,white ,house4 ,illustration3 ,grant ,china4 ,the ,general ,grant set is well known1 and is very handsome4 ,the border is of buff and gold1 broken once by a small ,united ,states shield in high colors4 ,in the centre is a well-painted spray or bunch of flowers1 many being the wild flowers of the ,united ,states4 ,the coffee-cups of this set were ordered to use at the wedding of the ,president's daughter1 and were known as the 8,nellie ,grant cups40 ,a plate said to have been ordered for the ,white ,house in ,general ,grant's time is here shown4 ,of the beautiful and costly set ordered by ,mrs4 ,hayes too much is known1 and too many cheaper copies have been sold1 and may be seen in any large china-shop1 to make it worth while to give any detailed description here4 ,it was made at ,limoges by the ,havilands1 as was also the 8,grant set40 ,it makes a fine room decoration when the various pieces are arranged in the beautiful buffet that ,president ,arthur had made for it1 and is more satisfactory in that position than when in use on the table4 ,it may be asked how all these pieces of ,presidential china come to be found in private collections1 and offered for sale1 and so generally distributed over the country4 ,a very reprehensible custom existed until recent years 7and indeed may still be possible7 of selling at auction at the end of each ,presidential term1 or in the middle if thought necessary1 whatever household effects the house steward and house occupants chose to consider of no further use4 ,these ,presidential sales were1 of course1 eagerly attended by relic-hunters4 ,at such a sale in ,president ,grant's day a lot of 8old truck10 as it was irreverently called1 valued at #ejj1 brought #b1gfj4 ,as there must be1 of course1 much breakage of china in the pantry and dining-room of the ,white ,house1 and as it was considered for many years necessary to have full 8sets0 of china table-ware1 enough to serve an entire dinner1 the odd plates1 cups and saucers1 and dishes were ruthlessly 8cleared out0 whenever an appropriation was made by the ,government1 or the ,president desired to buy a new set4 ,it seems a pity that a few pieces of each of these 8state sets0 should not have been preserved in a cabinet at the ,white ,house to show us the kind of china from which our early rulers ate their daily meals and served their state dinners1 as well as to show our varying and halting progress in luxury1 refinement1 and taste4 ,,xiii4 ,,designs ,,relating ,,to ,,washington ,one scarcely knows where to begin or end this list when one considers the vast number of pieces of pottery and porcelain that bear the name and ostensibly bear the portrait of ,washington--more and more varied even than the ,lord ,nelson prints in ,england4 ,often ,washington's portrait is found with that of ,franklin or ,lafayette2 in such cases ,i have given the subject of the most prominent or the named design the honor of determining the place on the list4 ,the largest number of these ,washington designs occur upon ,liverpool mugs and pitchers in black prints4 ,some few are in blue upon ,staffordshire earthenware4 ,in the ,huntington ,collection at the ,metropolitan ,museum of ,art1 in ,new ,york1 may be seen a vast number of ceramic likenesses of the great ,american4 ,many of these are single specimens painted by hand--both by artists and amateurs1 apparently4 ,one set of four plaques has copies of the ,savage1 ,trumbull1 ,peale1 and ,stuart portraits of ,washington4 ,such ,i have not attempted to describe or classify4 ,one specially comical portrait plaque1 painted in ,china1 shows an almond-eyed ,washington with his hair la chinoise1 with feminine hair ornaments1 while on his republican shoulders rests the dark blue sack garment familiar to us as the festival garb of our ,chinese washermen4 ,there are in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection a large number of ,washington pitchers1 from which some of the entries on this list are described4 ,one ,liverpool print deserves special mention1 for a very interesting story is attached to it1 and is told in detail by ,benson ,j4 ,lossing in his 8,mount ,vernon and ,its ,associations40 ,a dealer in ,philadelphia imported a number of pitchers of various sizes1 each bearing a portrait of ,washington1 the design for which had been taken from ,gilbert ,stuart's picture painted for the ,marquis of ,lansdowne4 ,nutter had engraved this portrait for ,hunter's edition of ,lavater1 and a copy of the engraving was printed upon the pitchers4 ,mr4 ,dorsey1 a sugar-dealer of ,philadelphia1 purchased several of these pitchers1 and after a number of unsuccessful attempts to separate the part bearing the portrait from the rest of the pitcher1 managed at last1 by using the broad-faced hammer of a shoemaker1 to break out the picture unharmed with a single sharp blow4 ,the pottery fragment bearing the portrait was handsomely framed by ,mr4 ,james ,r4 ,smith1 of ,philadelphia1 and sent to ,judge ,washington at ,mount ,vernon1 where it was hung and was known as the pitcher portrait4 ,a copy of it is here shown4 ,illustration3 ,pitcher ,portrait4 ,mr4 ,smith owned a crayon portrait of ,washington1 a copy made by ,sharpless himself of his original picture of ,washington4 ,on the back of this ,sharpless portrait was a long eulogy of ,washington1 written by an ,english gentleman4 ,mr4 ,smith copied a portion of this eulogy on the back of the pitcher portrait--as much of the inscription1 in fact1 as there was room to write4 ,it ran thus1 as given in 8,alden's ,collections of ,american ,epitaphs and ,inscriptions30 8,washington the ,defender of his ,country1 the ,founder of ,liberty and the ,friend of ,man4 ,history and ,tradition are explored in vain for a parallel to his character4 ,in the annals of modern greatness he stands alone1 and the noblest names of antiquity lose their lustre in his presence4 ,born the ,benefactor of ,mankind he united all the qualities necessary to an illustrious career4 ,nature made him great1 he made himself virtuous4 ,called by his country to the defense of her liberties1 he triumphantly vindicated the rights of humanity and1 on the pillars of ,national ,independence1 laid the foundations of a ,great ,republick4 ,twice invested with supreme magistracy1 by the unanimous vote of a free people1 he surpassed in the cabinet the glories of the field2 and voluntarily resigning the sword and the sceptre1 retired to the shades of private life4 ,a spectacle so new and so sublime was contemplated with the profoundest admiration1 and the name of ,washington1 adding new lustre to humanity1 resounded to the remotest regions of the earth4 ,magnanimous in youth1 glorious through life1 great in death1 his highest ambition the happiness of mankind1 his noblest victory the conquest of himself4 ,bequeathing to posterity the inheritance of his fame1 and building his monument in the hearts of his countrymen he lived--the ornament of the eighteenth century1 he died--regretted by the mourning world40 ,the centre portion of this inscription has been within a few years cut out of the back of the frame by some vandal hands4 ,the entire eulogy1 as written on the back of the ,sharpless portrait1 can be seen in ,lossing's 8,mount ,vernon and ,its ,associations10 and in ,sparks's 8,writings of ,washington10 and as a masterpiece of flattery--and honest flattery1 too--it knows no equal4 ,this pitcher portrait descended to ,lawrence ,washington1 ,esq4 ,it was exhibited at the ,philadelphia ,state-,house in #ahgf1 and was sold at auction ,april #bb1 #ahia1 at ,philadelphia1 for #ge4 ,liverpool pitchers bearing the design like that of the pitcher portrait are rare in ,america1 but are found in a few private collections2 and oval plaques are also found bearing the same portrait4 ,these latter have a swelling surface1 as if cut from the side of a pitcher4 ,there are specimens with this print in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection4 ,some years ago a framed pitcher portrait was found in the attic of an old house in ,washington ,street1 ,newport1 and is now in the possession of ,benjamin ,smith1 ,esq41 of ,philadelphia4 ,some very interesting ceramic portraits of ,washington were made in ,china1 early in this century1 on four porcelain toddy-jugs1 by order of ,mr4 ,b4 ,c4 ,willcocks1 of ,philadelphia4 ,it is said that the portraits were copied from one of these pitcher portraits1 but the head on the toddy-jugs is longer and narrower1 and the neck is much longer4 ,this elongating may have been done by the ,chinese artist1 but it looks more like the other ,stuart portrait1 the one with lawn ruffles2 the pitcher portrait has a lace ruffle4 ,one of this quartette of covered toddy-jugs was kept by ,mr4 ,willcocks1 and the other three he presented to three life-long friends who met frequently and regularly to play whist with him4 ,one of these ,washington toddy-jugs is now in a ,washington collection in ,newport4 ,it is a foot in height and seven inches in diameter1 of white ,chinese hard porcelain4 ,it has foliated handles1 heavy rim1 and 8chimera0 knob on the cover1 all of gilt4 ,on one side is the portrait of ,washington1 but by reason of the bluish shade of the hard porcelain it lacks the softness of the print on the ,liverpool ware4 ,the portrait is banded with a heavy gold edge1 and in a similar gilt oval on the opposite side of the pitcher is a pretty cipher1 ,b4 ,c4 ,w4 ,illustration3 ,washington ,monument ,pitcher4 ,to this pitcher-portrait design1 since so much honor has been paid to it1 ,i will assign the first place on my ,washington list4 #a4 ,washington4 ,head from ,stuart's ,portrait4 ,liverpool4 ,on oval plaques and pitchers4 ,described on pages #beh et seq41 and shown on page #bei4 #b4 ,washington4 ,head from ,stuart's portrait4 ,canton4 ,on ,chinese toddy-jug4 ,described on preceding page4 #c4 ,washington4 ,medallion head on monument4 ,liverpool4 ,this oval design is printed on pitchers of three sizes4 ,in the centre is a monument bearing a poor medallion portrait of ,washington1 surmounted by a laurel wreath and urn1 and bearing the words 8,george ,washington ,born ,feb #bb1 #agcb ,died ,decr4 #ag1 #agii40 ,below the coat of arms of the ,washington family1 a shield bearing five bars in chief three mullets4 ,a weeping female figure leans against the monument1 and a very sad eagle droops in the foreground1 with two equally drooping willows on either side4 ,above the design are the words1 8,washington in ,glory10 below1 8,america in ,tears40 ,a pitcher bearing this design is here shown4 #d4 ,washington4 ,medallion head4 ,liverpool4 ,similar design to ,no4 #c1 but more coarsely engraved1 while the inscriptions are within the oval line of the print4 #e4 ,washington4 ,medallion4 ,liverpool4 ,this is printed in black on mugs and pitchers of various sizes4 ,one is shown on page #aci4 ,the portrait is mean and poor to the last degree4 ,on the right stands ,america with the words1 8,deafness to the ear that will patiently hear1 and dumbness to the tongue that will utter a calumny against the immortal ,washington40 ,on the left ,liberty says1 8,my favorite ,son40 ,below1 the inscription1 8,long ,live the ,president of the ,united ,states40 ,this1 of course1 was made previous to #agii1 the date of ,washington's death4 #f4 ,washington4 ,portrait4 ,staffordshire4 ,printed in black4 ,marked ,f4 ,morris1 ,shelton4 ,liberty holds a wreath over the head of ,washington4 ,the inscription reads1 8,washington ,crowned with ,laurels by ,liberty40 ,this is surrounded by a chain with fifteen large links inclosing the names of fifteen ,states4 #g4 ,washington4 ,monument4 ,a plate of cream-colored ware printed in dull reddish brown4 ,within a ring dotted with fifteen stars is the figure of the ,goddess of ,liberty1 with a shield and olive branch4 ,behind her stands a pyramidal monument bearing a portrait of ,washington and inscribed1 8,sacred to the ,memory of ,washington40 ,on one side is seen the ocean with a ship1 and at the foot of ,liberty is an eagle and a scroll with the words1 8,e ,pluribus ,unum40 ,around the edge of the plate are long oval medallions of stripes and stars4 #h4 ,washington4 ,portrait4 ,liverpool4 ,printed in black or red4 ,a poor portrait of ,washington1 over which a cherub holds a wreath inclosing the word 8,washington40 ,justice and ,liberty on either side of portrait1 and ,victory at base4 ,a ribbon scroll has the names of fifteen ,states and incloses fifteen stars4 #i4 ,washington4 ,apotheosis4 ,liverpool4 ,oval print1 with a label at the base1 the word ,apotheosis4 ,a tomb with seated figures of ,liberty and an ,indian in the foreground4 ,time is lifting ,washington1 clothed in a shroud1 from the tomb1 while an angel holds the patriot's hand and points up to rays of glory4 ,on the tomb the words1 8,sacred to the memory of ,washington ob #ag ,dec4 ,a4,d4 #agii4 ,ae #fh40 ,outside the oval are winged cherub heads4 ,often under the nose of the pitcher is seen the motto1 8,a ,man without ,example1 ,a ,patriot without ,reproach40 ,pitchers bearing this specially hideous print seem to be eagerly sought after by all china collectors4 ,it is a reduced copy of a large engraving three feet long and two wide1 which was issued by ,simon ,chandron and ,john ,j4 ,barradet1 in ,philadelphia1 in ,january1 #ahjb4 ,this engraving is still frequently seen in old ,philadelphia homes1 and was common enough in the middle of the century4 ,in the large engraving many funny details can be seen which are lost or blurred in the pitcher print4 ,for instance1 the various decorations owned by ,washington1 including the ,order of the ,cincinnati1 are proudly displayed1 hanging over the stone of the open tomb4 ,sometimes the print is seen without the word ,apotheosis4 ,one of these pitchers is here shown4 ,illustration3 ,apotheosis ,pitcher4 #aj4 ,washington4 ,monument4 ,liverpool4 ,this design is printed in a scalloped oval4 ,in a landscape with water1 ships1 and a church1 is a monument with a medallion portrait of ,washington and the words3 8,first in ,war1 ,first in ,peace1 ,first in ,fame1 ,first in ,victory40 ,fame stands on the right1 and a naval officer on the left4 ,in front is an ,american flag1 cannon1 swords1 etc4 ,around the edge of the oval are the names of thirteen ,states4 ,i have several times had a pitcher with this design offered to me for purchase for #h1 #aj1 or #ae1 according to the size and condition2 but ,i saw one in a jeweller's shop in ,new ,york during the ,centennial celebration in #ahhi1 marked #aej1 and it was asserted that it was sold at that price4 ,the revival of interest at that time in anything and everything that related to ,washington1 of course afforded the explanation of this enormous and absurd price4 #aa4 ,washington4 ,medallion ,portrait4 ,staffordshire4 ,a poor full-face portrait1 not resembling ,washington1 with same legend as ,no4 #e4 ,it is marked ,f4 ,morris1 ,shelton4 #ab4 ,washington4 ,profile ,portrait4 ,liverpool4 ,this is printed in black on small pitchers4 ,over the portrait the legend1 8,he is in ,glory1 ,america in ,tears40 #ac4 ,washington4 ,on ,horseback4 ,liverpool4 ,this design appears upon a gallon bowl in the collection of the ,connecticut ,historical ,society1 and also upon one in a collection in ,newport4 ,pitchers also have been seen with it4 ,washington appears mounted1 on a battle-field1 with the accompanying inscription3 8,his ,excellency ,general ,george ,washington1 ,marshal of ,france1 and ,commander in ,chief of the ,north ,american ,continental ,forces40 ,though this inscription dubs ,washington a marshal of ,france1 it seems uncertain whether the title was correctly applied4 ,it is said that when ,colonel ,laurens was special ambassador to ,france1 a discussion arose as to the command of the united armies in ,america4 ,of course ,laurens insisted firmly that ,washington must have absolute control2 but ,count de ,rochambeau1 an old lieutenant-general1 could be commanded only by the king or a marchal de ,france4 ,laurens with ready wit solved the difficulty by suggesting that ,washington be made a marchal4 ,this suggestion was carried out1 and the ,french at ,yorktown addressed ,washington as ,monsieur le ,marchal4 ,on the other hand1 when ,lamont1 in his volume of poems1 addressed ,washington by his ,french title of marchal1 ,washington wrote to him in #aghe1 saying3 8,i am not a marshal of ,france1 nor do ,i hold any commission or fill any office whatever under that government40 ,this letter would appear to be conclusive evidence4 ,the bowl also bears a fur-cap portrait of ,franklin1 the print of the soldier and the ,british lion described in ,no4 #ajf1 with the legend1 8,by virtue and valor we have freed our country10 and also the 8spatch-cock0 ,american eagle and shield4 #ad4 ,washington4 ,on ,horseback4 ,liverpool4 ,this print is similar to ,no4 #ac1 but is apparently of earlier manufacture4 ,the mounted figure has the right arm raised4 ,one is upon an octagonal ,liverpool plate in the ,huntington ,collection1 and has the inscription1 8,his ,excellency ,george ,washington40 #ae4 ,washington4 ,portrait4 ,liverpool4 ,small portrait of ,washington in black print on ,liverpool pitcher1 with a design of ,liberty cap and flags1 and the verses3 8,as he tills your rich glebe your old peasant shall tell1 ,while his bosom with ,liberty glows1 ,how your ,warren expired1 how ,montgomery fell1 ,and how ,washington humbled your foes40 #af4 ,washington4 ,medallion4 ,liverpool4 ,a background of weeping willows4 ,in the foreground a monument surmounted by an urn and bearing a medallion portrait of ,washington4 ,beneath this the arms of the ,washington family1 and crossed swords with palm or laurel branches4 ,above the entire design the words1 8,washington in ,glory40 ,this design resembles ,no4 #c1 but is smaller4 ,on the reverse of the pitcher1 a design of ,ceres and ,pomona at either side of a cannon1 and a spread eagle with the words1 8,peace1 ,plenty1 and ,independence40 #ag4 ,washington4 ,map of ,united ,states4 ,staffordshire4 ,printed in black on bowls1 plates1 and pitchers4 ,it is thus wittily described by ,george ,champlin ,mason in his book on old ,newport3 8,washington and ,franklin are inspecting a map of the ,united ,states1 which shows thirteen ,states4 ,liberty and ,history look smilingly upon the pair1 while ,fame blows a trumpet and flourishes her heels in dangerous proximity to ,washington's head1 who is the more prominent of the two1 ,franklin being screened in part by the pine-tree flag40 ,on this map ,louisiana is called the ,country of ,mines1 and stretches up to ,lake ,superior4 ,the pitcher is marked ,f4 ,morris1 ,shelton4 ,there are three slightly varying prints of this design1 one having reference numbers and a key with the names of the figures4 ,a bowl twelve inches in diameter bearing this print can be seen in the ,huntington ,collection at the ,metropolitan ,museum of ,art4 ,there is also one in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection4 ,one in ,newport bears the date #agif4 ,a pitcher from the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection with this print is here shown4 ,illustration3 8,map0 ,pitcher4 #ah4 ,washington4 ,portrait4 ,liverpool4 ,a full-face portrait of ,washington1 with inscription 8,his ,excellency ,genl ,washington10 and the fur-cap portrait of ,franklin1 on the outside of a bowl which has on the inside a design of a full-rigged frigate1 the ,insurgente1 and the same legend as ,no4 #aja4 ,it also has the motto3 8,my love is fixed1 ,i cannot range2 ,i like my choice ,too well to change40 #ai4 ,washington4 ,cameo4 ,wedgwood4 ,made in white on colored grounds and in pure white4 ,mentioned in ,wedgwood's ,catalogue of #aghg4 #bj4 ,washington4 ,intaglio4 ,wedgwood4 ,in highly polished black ware for use as a seal4 ,though so small a head1 the likeness is good4 ,in ,wedgwood's ,catalogue of #aghg4 ,a specimen may be seen in ,huntington ,collection4 #ba4 ,washington4 ,medallion4 ,wedgwood4 ,made both in black basalt and blue and white jasper4 ,this head is very fine1 and an excellent copy may be seen in the ,huntington ,collection4 #bb4 ,washington4 ,bust4 ,wedgwood4 ,this bust is in black basalt4 ,the height is thirteen inches4 ,a fine engraving of it may be seen in ,miss ,meteyard's 8,wedgwood and his ,works10 numbered ,plate ,,xviii4 ,one is owned by a collector in ,chicago4 #bc4 ,washington4 ,medallion4 ,neale ,co4 ,an oval medallion in pottery with the head of ,washington in high relief4 #bd4 ,washington4 ,statuette4 ,enoch ,wood4 ,this statuette is fifteen inches high1 and is identical in dress and figure with the statuette of ,franklin1 ,no4 #df1 save that the head of ,washington is covered with white powdered hair or a white wig1 instead of the dark natural locks that grace the ,franklin statuette4 ,the head and face only are colored1 though the buttons1 buckles1 and coat ornaments or frogs are gilded4 ,it seems rather unjust in ,enoch ,wood to put the head of ,washington on ,franklin's extremely rotund body4 ,in the right hand of the figure is a scroll with vague lettering1 and under the left arm a cocked hat4 ,i know of but one of these statuettes with the ,washington head2 it is in the ,huntington ,collection4 #be4 ,washington4 ,statuette4 ,badin ,frres4 ,this ,french statuette is about ten inches in height4 ,washington is dressed in a yellow coat and blue waistcoat1 and carries a scroll marked 8,patria40 ,by his side is an ,american eagle crowing over a broken tablet painted with a picture of the ,british lion4 ,on the pedestal in gilt letters1 8,badin ,frres1 ,d'leurs1 ,paris40 ,specimen in the ,huntington ,collection4 #bf4 ,washington4 ,statuette4 ,badin ,frres4 ,statuette of glazed pottery4 ,washington has his foot on a thoroughly subdued ,british lion and the ,british flag4 ,he carries in his hand a scroll with word 8,independence40 ,specimen in the ,huntington ,collection4 ,the face of this statuette 7as well as that of the preceding one1 ,no4 #be7 bears more of a likeness to the ,rembrandt ,peale portrait of ,washington than to any other4 #bg4 ,washington4 ,parian ,pitcher4 ,an embossed full figure of ,washington on a ,parian pitcher in the ,huntington ,collection4 ,also designs of flags and spread eagles4 #bh4 ,washington4 ,bust4 ,ralph ,wood4 ,number ,g4 #cfg1 in the ,catalogue of the ,museum of ,practical ,geology in ,london4 ,it is thus described3 8,bust of ,washington1 #aj inches high1 in plain cream-colored ware1 with impressed mark ,ra4 ,wood1 ,burslem40 ,ralph ,wood1 whose name is stamped on this piece1 was the father of ,aaron ,wood and grandfather of ,enoch ,wood4 #bi4 ,washington4 ,relief ,portrait4 ,dresden4 ,profile portrait of ,washington in relief1 gilded1 on bleu de roi ground4 ,on other side similar relief portrait of ,franklin4 ,in front an ,american eagle4 ,dresden mark4 ,one may be seen in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection4 #cj4 ,washington4 ,medallion4 ,dresden4 ,dresden china cup and saucer1 gilded without and within4 ,on the cup a blue oval medallion with exquisite head in white relief of profile portrait of ,george ,washington4 ,this beautiful piece is owned by ,mrs4 ,nealy1 of ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 #ca4 ,washington4 ,bust4 ,a bust of ,washington in cream-colored oily pottery4 ,it is about four inches in height and is one of a set comprising busts of ,clay1 ,webster1 ,calhoun1 ,lafayette1 ,franklin1 etc4 ,i think the date of manufacture was about #ahej4 ,they are common in ,america4 ,specimens may be seen in the ,huntington ,collection4 #cb4 ,washington4 ,mirror ,knob4 ,a portrait of head of ,washington1 in a cocked hat1 on a porcelain mirror-knob4 ,a transfer print in black2 sometimes being printed in outline and filled in with pale colors4 ,for description of mirror-knobs see page #aei et seq4 #cc4 ,washington4 ,tomb4 ,wood4 ,this dark blue design represents a bewigged man with knee-breeches at the tomb of ,washington4 ,in his hand he carries a scroll4 ,this print is usually known as 8,lafayette at the tomb of ,washington40 ,the face does not resemble ,lafayette1 and when ,lafayette visited ,washington's tomb he wore trousers1 knee-breeches being out of date4 ,it has been suggested that the solitary figure is intended for ,jefferson4 ,in the background is a view of a town and water1 with shipping4 ,the print is usually indistinct and poor1 though the color is good4 ,it is seen on all the pieces of tea and toilet services4 ,impressed mark1 ,wood4 #cd4 ,washington4 ,funeral ,urn4 ,canton4 ,the pieces bearing this design are extremely beautiful in shape1 quality1 and decoration1 every detail being perfect4 ,the owner called it ,lowestoft1 but it is plainly ,oriental in manufacture1 being of very hard-paste1 and the character of the design 7showing that it was executed after the death of ,washington7 would hardly point to the ,lowestoft manufactory as its place of birth4 ,the platters and plates have an open-work basket-design border lined with delicate threads of golden brown and gold4 ,at each intersection of the interlaced border is a tiny embossed rosette colored in gilt or bronze1 with a darker centre4 ,the delicacy and beauty of this dainty border can hardly be described4 ,in the centre of each piece1 in various shades of gold--both dull and polished gold being combined--is a design of a funeral mound and an urn bearing the word 8,washington10 overhung by a weeping-willow4 ,the leaves and branches of this tree are models of the gilder's art4 ,on each piece are in gold the gracefully intertwined initials ,j4 ,r4 ,l41 probably the initials of the person for whom the set was made4 ,for beauty of design and workmanship these pieces excel any others ,i have ever seen bearing any so-called ,washington design4 #ce4 ,washington ,memorial4 ,this plate1 with irregularly scalloped edge1 is green in the centre1 with red border4 ,the decoration is a scene with a seated classical figure writing upon a tablet1 and with a ,greek temple in the background4 ,the border contains four medallions of funeral urns and weeping willows4 ,on the back is stamped in red a funeral urn with the word 8,washington10 and the initials ,e4 ,h4 ,y4 ,s4 ,the printing of this design is very clear and the lines very delicate1 and the drawing is good4 #cf4 ,washington4 ,medallion4 ,a bowl of clear white china with plain band of gilt on the edge4 ,on one side1 in blue1 a medallion of ,washington between two flags1 surmounted by a spread eagle4 ,unmarked4 #cg4 ,washington4 ,funeral ,urn4 ,plate with pink flower border1 centre in green4 ,a statue of ,washington and a cinerary urn with the word 8,washington40 #ch4 ,washington4 ,portrait4 ,a portrait of ,washington printed in black on a white stone-ware pitcher--apparently modern4 ,crossed flags painted in colors4 ,this pitcher may have been made to use in a hotel or on a steamboat4 ,washington4 ,portrait4 ,on 8,emblem of ,america0 ,pitcher4 ,see ,no4 #ih4 ,washington4 ,views of ,mount ,vernon4 ,see ,no4 #aie et seq4 ,washington4 ,portrait4 ,erie ,canal4 ,see ,no4 #aff4 ,washington4 ,portrait4 ,erie ,canal4 ,see ,no4 #agj4 ,washington4 ,inscription4 ,proscribed ,patriots4 ,see ,no4 #hf4 ,washington4 ,medallion4 ,staffordshire4 ,see ,no4 #bea4 ,,xiv4 ,,designs ,,relating ,,to ,,franklin ,the great popularity and long residence of ,benjamin ,franklin abroad would account for the many and varied ceramic relics relating to him that were manufactured in ,england and ,france during his lifetime1 and that are still in existence1 more varied in quality and shape even than those relating to ,washington4 ,nor after his death did the production cease4 ,i will place at the head of the list the most beautiful of them all4 #ci4 ,group of ,louis ,,xvi4 and ,benjamin ,franklin4 ,niderviller4 ,illustration3 ,neiderweiler ,statuette4 ,this lovely statuette is of purest white porcelain bisque1 and is about twelve inches in height1 and ten inches in length4 ,the face of the figure of ,franklin is exceedingly fine1 and is1 in a degree1 unlike any other portrait of him that ,i have seen4 ,it has all the benignancy and sweetness of expression with which we are familiar1 and an added nobility and intelligence which is more marked and more impressive than in any other likeness4 ,it is an ideal portrait of ,franklin1 which must be regarded with pleasure and interest by every historical student4 ,the figure of the ,king is also extremely fine and imposing4 ,the face is beautiful1 the carriage manly1 and the half suit of armor1 with the long royal cloak of ermine1 form an impressive contrast with the simple fur-trimmed garment of ,franklin1 whose figure is slightly bent1 but still impressive4 ,the ,king holds in his hand a parchment book or scroll bearing on one leaf in golden letters the words1 8,indpendance de l',amrique10 and on another leaf1 8,libert des ,mers40 ,this group was made to commemorate our treaty with ,france in #aghh4 ,it is beautifully modelled and of highest artistic merit1 and must take rank as the most important relic of our country that has yet been figulated4 ,it bears the stamp 8,niderviller10 and was made at that factory while it was owned by ,count ,custine4 ,he had fought with ,lafayette in the war for ,american ,independence1 and doubtless knew ,franklin4 ,the statue was evidently modelled from life4 ,count ,custine also gave to ,washington the beautiful tea-service described on page #bdd et seq4 ,three only of these portrait groups of ,franklin and ,louis ,,xvi4 are known to exist2 the only perfect one is owned by ,william ,c4 ,prime1 ,esq41 of ,new ,york1 and will form part of the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection at ,princeton2 from it the illustration here given was taken4 ,another imperfect one is in the possession of ,william ,a4 ,hoppin1 ,esq41 of ,providence2 and a third and mutilated specimen is in the ,huntington ,collection at the ,metropolitan ,museum of ,art4 #dj4 ,franklin4 ,medallions4 ,nini4 ,some very good medallions of ,benjamin ,franklin were manufactured by ,jean ,baptiste ,nini1 who in #agfj entered the employ of ,m4 ,leray1 or ,m4 de ,chaumont1 at ,chaumont4 ,nini was a glass engraver of rare merit1 and his work on these medallions was very beautiful4 ,the fine copper moulds for his medallions that he employed were melted down into ingots in #ahbj4 ,his work may be known by the mark engraved in the soft-paste of 8,nini10 or 8,j4 ,b4 ,nini ,f40--sometimes with the date4 ,he made at least six different sizes of medallions of ,franklin1 some of which bear the date in relief4 ,franklin1 writing from ,passy in #aggi to his daughter1 ,mrs4 ,sarah ,bache1 speaks thus of these ,nini medallions3 8,the clay medallion of me you say you gave ,mr4 ,hopkinson was the first of the kind made in ,france4 ,a variety of others have been made since of various sizes2 some to be set in the lids of snuff-boxes1 and some so small as to be worn in rings2 and the numbers sold are incredible4 ,these1 with the pictures and prints 7of which copies upon copies are spread everywhere71 have made your father's face as well known as that of the moon1 so that he durst not do anything that would oblige him to run away1 as his phiz would discover him whereever he should venture to show it4 ,it is said by learned etymologists that the name of doll for the image children play with is derived from the word idol4 ,from the number of dolls now made of him he may be truly said1 in that sense1 to be idolized in this country40 ,in several other published letters ,franklin speaks of making gifts of these medallions to his friends1 and states that they were made at ,chaumont4 ,madame de ,campan says that they were sold at the palace of ,versailles1 and bore this motto1 8,eripuit clo fulmen1 sceptrumque tyrannis40 ,there are in the ,huntington ,collection several specimens of these ,nini medallions1 that collection containing in all eleven medallions of ,franklin1 many of which being unmarked it is futile to attempt to classify4 ,a ,nini medallion having a fine fur-cap portrait sold in the ,governor ,lyon sale for ten dollars4 ,mr4 ,huntington wrote thus to ,hon4 ,john ,bigelow1 of ,nini and his medallions3 8,he must have had a certain vogue in his time1 medallions of folks of the superior classes from his hand still turning up at sales and in curiosity shops4 ,he did two ,franklins--both at the ,metropolitan ,museum--dated and signed4 ,the smaller one1 with the cap1 #8#aggg ,b4 ,franklin1 ,amricain1' was among the earliest of the ,franklin idols made here1 and has been numerously reproduced by ,french1 ,english1 and other engravers4 ,the larger1 which is of the more usual size of ,nini's work1 is much rarer1 has never been engraved from1 as far as ,i know1 and is to my notion one of the most finely characterized of all the ,franklin portraits--#agii 7and in some copies ,,mdcclxxix42 you will find specimens of both in the museum71 with ,turgot's lines for the legend4 ,in his letter to his daughter1 ,passy1 #c;d of ,june1 ,b4 ,f4 writes3 #8,the clay medallion of me you say you gave ,mr4 ,hopkinson was the first of the kind made in ,france4' ,this must be the one with the cap4 ,if the ,ven4 ,f4 is correct in his statement1 it would curiously seem that his friend ,chaumont set ,nini at him as soon as he caught the artist1 to start 7we should now say inaugurate7 his furnace at ,chaumont with the likeness of his friend40 #da4 ,franklin4 ,medallion4 ,wedgwood4 ,this appears in ,wedgwood's ,catalogue of #aghg under the head of 8,illustrious ,moderns40 ,it was made in black basalt and blue and white jasper4 ,there appear to have been two of these portraits2 for at the sale of the collection of ,dr4 ,gibson1 in ,london1 ,march1 #ahgg1 a blue jasper medallion of ,dr4 ,franklin1 by ,wedgwood ,bentley1 was sold for #ab #abs41 while one with the fur-cap by ,wedgwood sold for #aa4 ,specimens can be seen in the ,huntington ,collection at the ,metropolitan ,museum of ,art1 and in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection at ,princeton4 #db4 ,franklin4 ,cameo4 ,wedgwood4 ,in ,wedgwood's ,catalogue of #aghg4 ,made in white on colored grounds1 and in pure white4 #dc4 ,franklin4 ,intaglio4 ,wedgwood4 ,this is named in ,wedgwood's ,catalogue of #aghg4 ,it was smaller1 to be used as a seal1 and was of black ware highly polished4 ,one may be seen in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection4 #dd4 ,franklin4 ,oval ,plaque4 ,bristol4 ,this medallion of ,franklin is upon one of ,richard ,champion's exquisite flower-plaques4 ,this plaque is considered by ,owen to be 8the most important0 of ,champion's work4 ,champion was an ardent admirer of ,america and ,americans1 and his special veneration for ,franklin evidently impelled him to produce this elaborate work4 ,it is eight and a half inches in length1 and seven and a half in width1 the portrait bust being surrounded immediately by a laurel wreath tied with a bow-knot1 and outside the laurel wreath by a rich wreath of roses and lilies in highly raised and most delicate work4 ,another specimen of the same medallion is known to exist upon a plain ground plaque1 and has often been attributed to the ,svres manufactory4 ,one of these flower-plaques with the bust of ,franklin was exhibited at the ,loan ,collection in ,new ,york1 in #ahhi1 by ,dr4 ,caspar ,wister ,hodge1 of ,princeton1 ,n4 ,j4 ,rev4 ,dr4 ,hodge was the grandson of ,william ,bache1 the grandson of ,franklin4 ,dr4 ,hodge's mother was born in ,franklin's house in ,philadelphia1 and her account of the flower-plaque was that it was made at the ,svres manufactory and was the gift of ,louis ,,xvi4 to ,benjamin ,franklin2 that it had been sent to ,america by private hands1 in connection with a similar one of ,george ,washington1 which was surmounted by a gilt crown2 and that the messenger1 in officious democratic zeal1 picked off the crown with his penknife before delivering the medallion4 ,dr4 ,hodge said it was a complete surprise to him1 and it could not have been a very pleasant one1 when he offered the plaque for exhibition in ,new ,york1 to be told that it was ,bristol china1 and was not unique4 ,of course these latter facts might be so without destroying the other part of the family tradition--that it was a royal gift2 but it is far more probable that ,richard ,champion presented this choice specimen of his work to ,franklin1 for in a letter to ,champion1 written from ,paris1 ,january #b1 #aggh1 the unknown writer speaks of a visit to ,franklin1 and says3 8,he begs his compliments and is much obliged for your present1 which arrived in perfect safety4 ,he says that there is a good likeness with ,wedgwood ,bentley's1 only with this difference1 that he wears his hair1 which is rather straight and long1 instead of a wig1 and is very high in his forehead40 ,in the ,lewis sale of ,washington relics1 held in ,philadelphia1 in ,december1 #ahij1 there was sold an 8oval porcelain plaque with a bust of ,benjamin ,franklin in a wreath of china roses and lilies1 #h inches by #g inches40 ,this ,i believe to have been the one which tradition in the ,hodge family says came over to ,washington4 ,some of the ,bristol flower-plaques had a crown above the medallion2 one in ,mr4 ,edkin's ,collection is illustrated in ,owen's 8,two ,centuries of ,ceramic ,art in ,bristol40 ,the ,franklin plaque sold in ,philadelphia for ninety dollars--a price to make an ,english collector groan with envy--while the one in ,mr4 ,edkin's ,collection 7from which is taken the engraving in ,mr4 ,owen's book7 sold in ,england in #ahgd for #aej4 ,dr4 ,hodge had an insurance of one thousand dollars offered to him on his ,franklin plaque when it was in ,new ,york4 #de4 ,franklin4 ,medallion4 ,neale ,co4 ,the head of ,dr4 ,franklin in pottery1 by ,neale ,co41 ,hanley4 ,it is an oval medallion4 ,franklin4 ,relief ,portrait4 ,dresden4 ,see ,no4 #bi4 #df4 ,franklin4 ,statuette4 ,wood4 ,this pottery statue is fifteen inches in height1 and is neither very impressive nor well modelled4 ,one in the ,huntington ,collection is colored1 ,poor ,richard being gayly attired in gray coat1 yellow waistcoat1 and pink breeches4 ,he carries his hat under his left arm1 and a scroll in his left hand4 ,another in the same collection is precisely like it1 save that the head only is colored4 ,it is labelled1 in gold letters1 8,general ,washington40 ,this mistake easily arose1 for the statuette of ,washington1 described in ,no4 #bd1 is exactly like this ,franklin statuette except the head1 which in the latter has flowing natural hair4 ,a number of these ,franklin statuettes bear the name of ,washington1 and it does not matter much1 for they do not closely resemble either of the great ,americans4 ,this statuette is attributed to ,ralph ,wood or ,enoch ,wood1 of ,burslem4 ,there are three of these figures in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection1 dressed in vari-colored garments1 one being much smaller1 about thirteen inches in height4 ,but for the right arm being more extended1 it would appear that the original mould had become worn and a new one cast1 which in shrinking made this reduction in the size of this figure4 ,one of these statuettes of ,franklin in the ,s4 ,l4 ,m4 ,barlow ,collection was sold in #ahij for forty-two dollars4 #dg4 ,franklin4 ,statuette4 ,in the ,catalogue of the ,museum of ,practical ,geology1 ,number ,g4 #cgd1 is described thus3 8,statuette of ,dr4 ,franklin painted in colors4 ,height1 #ac inches4 ,mounted on square marbled pedestal with oval yellow medallions in relief2 unmarked4 ,this may be a ,salopian figure40 ,one of these statuettes is in the ,huntington ,collection2 the medallions being in blue and white4 ,dr4 ,franklin wears in this case white breeches1 blue waistcoat1 scarlet coat1 a blue ribbon with an order1 and a long ermine cloak4 ,this statuette is rather funny1 though at first glance it is quite impressive4 ,the ,doctor1 comparatively devoid of pendulous chin1 stands erect and beautiful1 with his head thrown back with a most imperious and even imperial air1 to which the ermine cloak gives added weight and zest4 ,he is so erect and so slender that we hardly know him4 ,but when we glance at his feet1 the impression of youthfulness and beauty vanishes4 ,with feet several sizes too large for his figure1 and gaudy light green slippers several sizes too large even for those feet1 we turn away to our familiar good old dewlapped man with the fur-cap1 and like him better than this splay-footed1 ermine-cloaked plantigrade4 #dh4 ,franklin4 ,statuette4 ,parian figure about seven inches in height4 ,the likeness is good1 though the feet are abnormally narrow and pointed2 unmarked4 ,a copy may be seen in the ,huntington ,collection4 #di4 ,franklin4 ,statuette4 ,pottery figure about seven inches in height1 leaning on a pink pedestal decorated with raised white eagles4 ,the coat is black1 breeches yellow1 and waistcoat pink4 ,this gayly garbed slim young fellow does not at all resemble our own ,franklin4 ,the statuette is unmarked4 ,a specimen may be seen in the ,huntington ,collection4 #ej4 ,franklin4 ,statuette4 ,this pottery figure is fifteen inches in height1 and is in feature and figure and dress like ,no4 #df1 and was evidently modelled by the same hand4 ,it is a poor thing1 and bears but little resemblance to ,franklin4 ,a dilapidated specimen is in the ,huntington ,collection4 #ea4 ,franklin4 ,mirror ,knob4 ,print of ,franklin in black on oval porcelain plaque in a mirror knob4 ,for description of these knobs see page #aei et seq4 #eb4 ,franklin4 ,fur-cap ,portrait4 ,round plate with fluted border1 with splashes of purple and yellow like ,no4 #ha4 ,in the centre a good rendering of the fur-cap portrait of ,franklin4 ,in the ,huntington ,collection4 #ec4 ,franklin4 ,fur-cap ,portrait4 ,plate with pierced border like ,no4 #hb4 ,well-painted portrait in centre4 ,in the ,huntington ,collection4 #ed4 ,franklin4 ,portrait4 ,dresden4 ,a ,dresden plate with flower border and good portrait of ,franklin4 ,in ,huntington ,collection4 #ee4 ,franklin4 ,bust4 ,small bust of ,franklin in bisque1 mounted on a yellow and gold pedestal4 ,marked 8,francklin40 ,in ,huntington ,collection4 #ef4 ,franklin4 ,bust4 ,a bust of ,franklin in what appears to be modern majolica4 ,in ,huntington ,collection4 #eg4 ,franklin4 ,bust4 ,white pottery bust glazed1 about ten inches in height4 ,around the base a wreath of laurel4 ,in ,huntington ,collection4 #eh4 ,franklin4 ,bust4 ,white porcelain bisque bust1 five inches in height1 mounted on dark blue and gold stand4 ,in ,huntington ,collection4 #ei4 ,franklin4 ,portrait4 ,dresden4 ,a portrait of ,franklin on a great cylindrical covered jar1 twenty inches in height and eight inches in diameter4 ,the portrait is good1 though the mouth is exaggeratedly small and the chin exaggeratedly remultiplied4 ,it is surrounded by a well-painted wreath of flowers4 ,franklin4 ,figure on ,pitcher4 ,see ,no4 #ag4 ,franklin4 ,fur-cap ,portrait4 ,see ,no4 #ac4 ,franklin4 ,emblem of ,america ,pitcher4 ,see ,no4 #ih4 #fj4 ,franklin4 ,tomb4 ,this design was printed in dark blue on dinner1 breakfast1 tea1 and toilet services in vast numbers4 ,in such large numbers1 in fact1 that the pieces with this design are cheaper than any others bearing the names of any historical personages4 ,i have bought a large teapot for a dollar1 cups and saucers for a dollar1 etc4 ,this might be classed among the ,lafayette prints1 but as we are not sure that the seated figure is intended for ,lafayette1 and ,franklin cannot escape the formal witness of his inscribed tomb1 we place it in this place in the list4 ,a teapot bearing this print is here shown4 ,illustration3 ,tomb of ,franklin ,teapot4 #fa4 ,franklin4 ,print4 ,fur-cap ,portrait4 ,this print is in black on pitchers and bowls4 ,it is the fur-cap portrait with the glasses4 ,the legend reads3 8,benjn ,franklin ,esq4 ,,ll4,d4 and ,f4,r4,s41 the brave defender of the country against the oppression of taxation without representation--author of the greatest discovery in ,natural ,philosophy since those of ,sir ,isaac ,newton1 viz43 that lightning is the same with the electric fire40 ,see ,no4 #ah4 #fb4 ,franklin4 ,portrait4 ,a full-length print of ,franklin on mug1 with various maxims of ,poor ,richard's4 #fc4 ,franklin4 ,portrait4 ,a light blue print of ,franklin found on toilet services4 ,the philosopher is seen flying his famous kite4 #fd4 ,dr4 ,franklin's ,maxims4 ,plate of cream ware with relief border of scrolls and scallops intertwined1 with words in ornamental capitals1 8,fear ,god3 ,honour your ,parents40 ,in the centre is a green print of a view of the inside and outside of a shop1 with figures4 ,those within are working1 those without are idle4 ,above1 the words1 8,dr4 ,franklin's ,maxims40 ,below1 the maxims1 8,keep thy shop and thy shop will keep thee10 8,if you would have your business done1 go2 if not1 send40 ,this plate is in the possession of ,mrs4 ,nealy1 of ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 #fe4 ,franklin's ,morals4 ,staffordshire4 ,dark blue plate with waving edge1 and dainty border of fruit1 shells1 and flowers4 ,in the centre a man carrying a large key4 ,houses and a bridge in the background4 ,on the back of the plate the words1 8,franklin's ,morals1 #8,the used key is always bright4'0 #ff4 ,franklin4 ,house at ,passy4 ,upon a beautiful ,svres vase at the ,executive ,mansion in ,washington is seen a view of ,franklin's house at ,passy4 #fg4 ,franklin4 ,portrait ,plaque4 ,oval plaque of ,italian majolica marked with inscription1 8,cortoni ,fab ,alari4 ,beniamino ,franklin1 ,c4 ,brunacci ,depinse40 ,in the ,huntington ,collection4 ,there are also three other majolica plates and plaques in this collection bearing portraits of ,franklin4 ,i may say1 in conclusion1 what ,i have already shown in detail1 that there can be no better opportunity of studying the face of ,franklin1 as shown in pottery and porcelain1 than in the ,huntington ,collection4 ,there are eleven relief medallions1 eleven enamels1 nine busts1 six statues1 and a large number of plates and plaques4 ,you can also compare these ceramic portraits with innumerable bronzes1 engravings1 art gems1 cameos1 gold and silver and pewter work bearing the same serene1 benignant face1 and with some very funny though unintentional caricatures of ,franklin by ,japanese and ,chinese artists1 in some of which the well-known fur-cap has been transformed into a close crop of short woolly curls4 ,,xv4 ,,designs ,,relating ,,to ,,lafayette ,i have never seen in ,america any pieces of ,english pottery or porcelain bearing the name1 portrait of ,lafayette1 or any reference to him that could be assigned to an earlier date of manufacture than #ahbd1 the time of ,lafayette's last visit to ,america4 ,it is worthy of note1 however1 that the ,lafayette pieces of crockery that were printed to commemorate and illustrate that memorable visit and that triumphal journey are1 as a rule1 in a much better state of preservation1 freer from marks of fierce assaulting knives1 barer of nicks and cracks1 than other ,american historical pieces of the same date4 ,the great veneration and affection felt by all ,americans for the noble character of ,lafayette1 and their gratitude for his assistance in times of war1 were doubtless the cause of the careful preservation of the pieces relating to him and printed in his honor4 ,the fine platter shown on page #bid1 which is the clearest1 darkest1 8,landing0 print ,i have ever seen1 was always kept carefully wrapped in an ancient hand-woven 8flannel sheet10 and laid away in an upper drawer of a high chest1 a 8high-boy10 in a ,new ,england farm-house1 until it was ruthlessly removed from its honored seclusion of half a century1 and hung on the wall of my dining-room4 ,during the triumphal journey of ,lafayette through this country in #ahbd1 ladies1 in honor of him1 wore sashes and belt-ribbons printed with his name and likeness1 gloves with his portrait stamped upon the back1 and medallions with laudatory inscriptions relating to him fastened upon their neck-ribbons and necklaces2 while men and boys wore ,lafayette medals1 medallions1 and buttons4 ,of all these tokens few now remain2 but the various ,lafayette plates and pitchers form lasting mementos of the visit of the 8,nation's ,guest40 ,few families in ,new ,england appear to have had more than two or three of the ,lafayette pieces1 but in the vicinity of ,new ,york persons purchased whole dinner services1 especially of the 8,landing0 pattern4 ,mrs4 ,roebling owns the remains of an entire set purchased by her father1 ,general ,warren4 ,mr4 ,william ,c4 ,prime also owns an entire service4 ,la ,grange1 the home of ,lafayette1 was a familiar scene to ,americans1 for many transparencies and paintings of the chteau were exhibited during ,lafayette's tour in #ahbd1 and two views of it appear on plates and platters4 ,with these ,i continue the list of historical designs and subjects4 #fh4 ,lafayette4 ,la ,grange4 ,enoch ,wood ,sons4 ,this is a dingy and poorly printed view of the gloomy entrance to the chteau1 with its great fir-trees1 an engraving of which is seen in ,cloquet's 8,recollections of ,lafayette40 ,the blue is good in tint1 though the print is indistinct4 ,it has a poor1 confused shell border4 ,on the back the stamp of ,enoch ,wood ,sons1 and the mark 8,la ,grange1 the ,home of ,lafayette40 ,a plate with this design is here shown4 ,illustration3 ,la ,grange ,plate4 #fi4 ,lafayette4 ,la ,grange #b4 ,wood4 ,the superb platters with this print bear on the back1 in a wreath of laurel1 the stamp 8,southwest view of ,lagrange1 the residence of ,marquis ,la ,fayette10 also the impressed stamp of ,wood4 ,the color is of the richest dark blue tint1 a true 8lapis to delight the world40 ,across the top of the platter the border is formed in a graceful design of grapes and vine leaves4 ,on the left the border is composed of finely drawn stalks of hollyhocks4 ,on the right a tree and foliage form the border4 ,on the lower rim is a design of fleur-de-lis and roses4 ,the view of the chteau is different from ,no4 #fh1 the whole front of the house being shown4 ,a broad expanse of lawn fills the foreground1 across which two dogs are running4 ,up a path on the left walk a man1 woman1 and child4 ,i have never seen but two pieces bearing this design1 both large platters twenty-three inches long4 ,i purchased one for #ab1 which large price was unwillingly paid2 but as ,i had never seen nor heard of any pieces bearing such a design1 ,i could not bear to lose it when ,i believed it to be unique4 ,within a week after this purchase ,i saw the second and better platter and bought it for #a4ej1 and now ,i expect to find many another piece with this 8,southwest view of ,lagrange40 ,i give these prices to show the impossibility of assigning a definite value to those 8old blue0 ,staffordshire pieces4 ,one of these platters was obtained through the sale of the old dining-room furnishings of ,barnum's ,hotel1 in ,baltimore4 #gj4 ,lafayette4 ,medallion4 ,this design is the head of ,lafayette in blue on a white porcelain plate1 with the surrounding words1 8,welcome1 ,lafayette1 the ,nation's ,guest and our ,country's ,glory40 ,the plate has an embossed border similar in design to that upon some ,new ,hall plates in my possession4 ,it is unmarked4 ,the portrait is exceedingly ugly and mean4 #ga4 ,lafayette4 ,portrait4 ,a pitcher of stone-ware printed in blue1 with a portrait of ,lafayette on one side1 with this legend1 8,in commemoration of the visit of ,lafayette to the ,united ,states of ,america in #ahbd10 and a wreath entwined with these words1 8,lafayette1 the ,nation's ,guest40 ,on the other side a head of ,washington4 ,beneath the nose of the pitcher a spread eagle1 and the terse sentence1 8,republicans are not always ungrateful40 ,one may be seen in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection4 ,i have also seen several for sale in city 8antique shops40 #gb4 ,lafayette4 ,medallion4 ,medallion portrait of ,lafayette and similar one of ,washington on common white stone-ware mug4 ,some of these mugs also have the date #ahbd1 not the year of manufacture apparently1 but the date simply of ,lafayette's visit to ,america4 #gc4 ,lafayette4 ,medallion4 ,a pitcher ten inches in height1 bearing on both sides a good portrait of ,lafayette1 with this legend1 8,general ,lafayette was born at ,auvergne1 in ,france4 ,at #ai he arrived in ,america in a war-ship furnished at his own cost in #aggg1 volunteered in our army as ,major ,general4 ,at ,brandywine he was wounded but refused to quit the field2 he assisted the army with #aj1jjj from his own purse1 and kept in service until our independence was sealed and country free2 in #aghd he returned to ,france loaded with honors and the gratitude of the ,american people2 in #ahbd the ,congress unanimously offered a ship for his return1 he declined the honor1 but landed from the ,cadmus at ,new ,york1 ,august #bdth1 #ahbd1 amid the acclamations of #fj1jjj freemen40 ,in front of the pitcher is another portrait of ,lafayette in vignette1 with this legend above it1 8,general ,lafayette1 welcome to the land of ,liberty10 and below1 8,he was born at ,auvergne in ,france1 #ageg1 joined the ,american struggle in #aggg1 and in #ahbd returned to repose in the bosom of the land whose liberty he in part gave birth to40 ,this pitcher is globose in shape1 is in a good shade of blue1 and is unmarked4 ,illustration3 ,cadmus ,plate4 #gd4 ,lafayette4 ,cadmus4 ,enoch ,wood ,sons4 ,this was the name of the ship which brought ,lafayette to ,america in #ahbd4 ,the stamp 8,cadmus0 appears on a few only of the plates1 and the others must be classified by the knowledge of1 and comparison with1 the marked ones1 or with the illustration here shown4 ,this is an exceedingly beautiful plate2 the graceful shell border is so rich and dark a blue1 and the centre expanse of water and full-sailed ship and sloop are so distinct and bright1 that it gives one the impression of looking out from a dark cave upon the sunny ocean4 ,every plate that ,i have seen bearing this design has been of the finest color1 clearest print1 most brilliant glaze1 and in good preservation4 ,they have the stamp 8,enoch ,wood ,sons40 ,the ,cadmus was built for ,mr4 ,william ,whitlock1 and belonged to the ,havre line of packet-ships organized and managed by ,william ,whitlock1 ,jr41 ,co41 of #df ,south ,street4 ,when this eminent shipping-house learned that ,lafayette had declined the offer of a national vessel1 the members at once put the ,cadmus at his service1 declining to receive any remuneration therefor4 ,no other passengers were allowed on board save the ,general and his suite1 and the ship took no cargo4 ,captain ,allyn was the commander4 ,lafayette fully appreciated this initial act of ,american friendship and hospitality1 and the first private house at which he dined after arriving was at ,mr4 ,whitlock's4 ,the ship became in later years a whaling vessel4 ,the ,long ,island ,historical ,society have a portion of the wood-work of the berths from the state-room occupied by ,lafayette4 #ge4 ,landing of ,lafayette4 ,clews4 ,pieces bearing this print are perhaps more eagerly sought after by collectors1 patriots1 and historical students than are those bearing any other design4 ,the prints are all in dark blue of good tint 7except a few rare polychrome prints of which ,i shall speak71 but vary in clearness and distinctness4 ,it is said that whole dinner services and tea-services were printed with it1 but ,i have never seen either teapots or creamers4 ,i have found four sizes of plates1 including the tiny cup-plates2 large soup-plates1 pitchers1 platters1 bowls1 and vegetable-dishes1 and lovely little pepper-pots and salt-cellars4 ,and ,i have also seen an imposing toilet service proudly bearing in richest blue the 8,landing of ,lafayette40 ,the border is a handsome design of what ,i think is intended for laurel leaves 7but which more resemble ash71 clusters of flowers which are perhaps laurel blossoms1 and larger flowers which may be wild roses1 but look like jonquils4 ,in the centre of the plates and on the sides of the larger dishes is a spirited design bearing at the base1 in dark blue letters1 the words1 8,landing of ,lafayette4 ,at ,castle ,garden1 ,new ,york1 ,august #bdth1 #ahbd40 ,in the foreground of this view are marshals or sentinels on horseback1 then comes a row of six smoking cannon1 then the bay covered with beflagged shipping and small sail-boats1 and two clumsy1 strangely shaped steamers1 the ,robert ,fulton and ,chancellor ,livingston1 with their side-wheels quite up out of the water4 ,at the right1 a small bridge over the water leads to an inclosed fort1 over which floats the flag of the ,united ,states4 ,over all is a sky of strongly defined clouds4 ,on the back is the impressed stamp1 8,warranted ,clews ,staffordshire40 ,a platter with this design is here shown4 ,plates of this pattern sell for from four to ten dollars1 according to clearness1 condition1 and size4 ,this design has been seen in polychrome4 ,a few years ago there stood in a barroom in ,new ,york an enormous punch-bowl capable of holding many gallons4 ,it bore printed or painted in high and varied colors the 8,landing of ,lafayette40 ,plates and platters also have been offered for sale in ,new ,york with the design in many colors4 ,sometimes this design is found upon pitchers with a poor portrait of ,lafayette4 ,illustration3 ,lafayette ,landing ,platter4 ,lafayette arrived in the ,cadmus at ,staten ,island on ,sunday1 but postponed by request his entrance into ,new ,york until the following day4 ,the landing at the ,battery must have been a magnificent sight4 ,the steamship ,robert ,fulton1 manned by two hundred sailors from the ,constitution1 and her companion ship the ,chancellor ,livingston1 8led in triumph rather than towed the ,cadmus to the place of landing40 ,two hundred thousand persons welcomed the ,general with shouts1 cannon thundered from the shore1 the forts1 the vessels4 ,flags1 triumphal arches1 decorations of various kinds adorned the streets and buildings4 ,for those who1 when they glance at their 8,landing0 plates1 wish to find the image of the ,general there present1 ,i will add that he was then sixty-eight years of age1 was conceded by all to be far from a beautiful or heroic figure1 with his small head1 staring eyes1 retreating forehead1 and bad complexion1 and he wore on that occasion 8nankeen pantaloons1 buff vest1 and plain blue coat with covered buttons40 #gf4 ,lafayette4 ,faence ,patriotique4 ,nevers4 ,a plate of coarse pottery1 with border of blue and yellow leaves4 ,at the top two blue and yellow flags1 and in the centre of the plate this legend in hand-painted1 irregular letters of blue3 78,cadet ,rousette a des plats bleus ,qui sont beaux1 qui n'vont pas au feu2 ,si vous voulez en faire emplette1 ,adressez-vous ,la ,fayette4 ,ah6 ,ah6 ,ah6 mais vraiment1 ,cadet ,rousette est bon enfant40 #agib47 ,this is a good specimen of the 8,faences ,patriotiques40 ,these revolutionary emblems were made at the ,nevers ,pottery1 in ,france1 in large numbers1 at the time of the ,french ,revolution4 ,they were coarsely painted with patriotic1 though frequently ill-spelled1 designs and mottoes1 and were designed to appeal to and influence the ,french peasantry4 ,the great heat used in the firing prevented the potters from using red paint 7since that color was destroyed by the high temperature71 so in direct violation of all 8rules of revolutionary iconology10 the liberty cap was rendered in blue or yellow4 ,it was in honor of the 8,fayence of ,nevers0 that the poem of ,defraney was written that begins1 78,chantons1 ,fille du ,ciel1 l'honneur de la ,fayence6 ,quel ,art6 dans l',italie il reut la naissance ,et vint1 passant les monts1 s'tablir dans ,nevers4 ,ses ouvrages charmans vont au del des mers407 ,this ,nevers plate is in the ,huntington ,collection at the ,metropolitan ,museum of ,art4 #gg4 ,lafayette4 ,faence ,patriotique4 ,nevers4 ,plate of coarse ,nevers pottery with hideous profile portrait of ,lafayette in yellow and blue1 and date #agid4 ,border of blue leaves4 ,also in the ,huntington ,collection4 #gh4 ,lafayette4 ,faence ,patriotique4 ,nevers4 ,plate of coarse ,nevers pottery with scroll border of green1 yellow1 and blue4 ,a full-face portrait of ,lafayette in bright yellow1 with purple hair4 ,in the ,huntington ,collection4 #gi4 ,lafayette4 ,faence ,patriotique4 ,nevers4 ,large plate of ,nevers pottery1 fourteen inches in diameter1 with slightly scalloped edge4 ,in the centre a design of a long-legged bird with man's head1 saying1 8,la ,fayette1 ,je tends mes filets40 ,the bird tramples under foot1 or under claw1 a head marked 8le ,roi ,soliveau10 and is addressing his remarks to a head on a pole with a flag marked 8,loi ,martiale40 ,there is also a network or fence inclosing frogs4 ,above all1 the inscription1 8,les grenouilles qui demandent un ,roi1 ou le ,roi ,soliveau40 #hj4 ,lafayette4 ,portrait4 ,svres4 ,a ,svres plate with an exquisitely painted portrait of ,lafayette in full uniform4 ,a rich border of red1 blue1 and gold4 ,in the ,huntington ,collection4 #ha4 ,lafayette4 ,portrait4 ,square plate with fluted border1 with splashes of purple and yellow1 like ,no4 #eb4 ,a spray of flowers in each corner4 ,in the centre a fine profile portrait of ,lafayette in full uniform4 ,in the ,huntington ,collection4 #hb4 ,lafayette4 ,portrait4 ,plate with pierced border like ,no4 #ec4 ,in the centre the same portrait as in ,no4 #ha4 ,in the ,huntington ,collection4 #hc4 ,lafayette4 ,bust4 ,bust four inches in height4 ,one of same set described in ,no4 #ca4 ,one can be seen in ,huntington ,collection4 #hd4 ,lafayette4 ,medallion4 ,white porcelain profile medallion about two inches and a half in diameter4 ,no mark4 ,lafayette4 ,at the ,tomb of ,franklin4 ,were we sure that the figure in this design is ,lafayette1 it would properly be placed here1 but it is very uncertain whether the seated mourner is ,lafayette1 or merely some sombre-minded1 non-historical1 though patriotic citizen2 so a description and illustration of this design will be found among the ,franklin ,prints1 ,no4 #fj4 ,lafayette4 ,at the ,tomb of ,washington4 ,see ,no4 #cc4 ,the figure in this design may not be that of ,lafayette4 ,lafayette4 ,portrait4 ,erie ,canal4 ,see ,no4 #aff4 ,the presence of ,lafayette at the formal opening of the ,erie ,canal was naturally felt to be a great honor1 hence the appearance of his name on many of the plates2 but as the other design is more prominent it is classed under that name4 ,there are many modern ,parian busts of poor likeness and indifferent artistic merit1 and occasional hand-painted plaques of ,lafayette1 but they hardly come within the intentions and purpose of this list4 ,,xvi4 ,,patriotic ,,and ,,political ,,designs ,the heroes and the naval battles of the ,war of #ahab furnished manifold subjects for the designs printed on a vast number of mugs and pitchers4 ,they were made and printed at the ,liverpool and ,staffordshire pot-works to supply the ,american trade1 and were imported in great numbers to this country4 ,english potters appeared to have none of that form of patriotic pride and independence that would prevent them from celebrating and perpetuating the virtues and victories of their late enemies1 or hinder them from printing inscriptions and verses insulting to their native land and their fellow-countrymen2 they were plainly and unsentimentally mercenary4 ,these portraits1 mottoes1 and battle-scenes appear in various combinations of subjects1 sometimes in juxtaposition with ,washington designs4 ,occasionally a mammoth pitcher is found--a dozen pitchers rolled into one--decorated with a dozen different but generic prints4 ,such is the great heroic vessel known as the 8,historical ,pitcher of the ,war of #ahab40 ,it was made by ,enoch ,wood ,sons of ,burslem1 ,staffordshire1 ,england1 about #ahbd1 by the order of ,horace ,jones1 ,esq41 of ,troy1 ,n4 ,y4 ,it is now owned by his grandson1 ,horace ,jones ,richards1 ,esq41 of the same city4 ,it stands twenty inches in height1 and measures twenty inches from the end of the spout to the extreme point of the handle4 ,the body is eighteen inches in diameter--a foot and a half1 and it holds eleven and a half gallons4 ,it has an embossed border around the top1 and is decorated with a coarse design in copper-lustre and green4 ,on the front of the pitcher is the name of the purchaser1 ,horace ,jones1 and around the body are various prints that are often seen singly on other and smaller pitchers4 ,in front1 about five inches above the base of the pitcher1 is a small projection or knob4 ,this served as a second handle by which to carry the pitcher 7for it is a great weight when filled--if it ever is filled71 and it formed also a support to rest on the edge of a smaller vessel when pouring from the pitcher4 ,on either side of this small handle are portraits of ,washington and ,adams4 ,there are on one side of the great pitcher-body portraits of ,captain ,jones1 of the ,macedonian1 ,major-,general ,brown1 of the ,niagara campaign1 ,commodore ,bainbridge1 of the ,constitution4 ,below these portraits a circle of prints representing the ,constitution escaping from the ,british fleet2 ,commodore ,macdonough's victory on ,lake ,champlain1 and a large ,american eagle with the motto1 8,e ,pluribus ,unum40 ,on the other side of the pitcher are the portraits of ,commodore ,decatur1 ,commodore ,perry1 and ,captain ,hull1 of the ,constitution2 below are the engagements between the ,chesapeake and ,shannon off ,boston ,harbor1 ,june #a1 #ahac1 and ,commodore ,perry's victory on ,lake ,erie4 ,below the large handle on the right are two views of the manufactory and the names of the makers1 and on the left a naval monument with flags and motto1 8,we have met the enemy and they are ours40 ,this pitcher arrived in ,troy a short time before ,lafayette made his visit to that city in #ahbd1 and was first publicly used at the reception given to him ,september #ah1 #ahbd4 ,since then it has been used on many notable occasions4 ,a bill was introduced to the ,state ,legislature in ,albany1 in the spring of #ahia1 for the purchase of this pitcher and its preservation in the ,state ,library4 ,the purchase sum required was three hundred and fifty dollars4 ,the bill did not pass4 ,it is a pity it cannot be in the possession of the ,national ,museum at ,washington1 since the ,state of ,new ,york did not care to preserve it as a relic4 ,there are some designs of the ,american eagle and flag1 and a few relating to men of ,revolutionary times1 which may be assigned1 though without any positiveness1 to the period between the ,war of the ,revolution and the ,war of #ahab4 ,with these prints ,i resume the list of ,american subjects4 #he4 ,john ,adams4 ,portrait4 ,a pitcher1 eight inches in height1 printed in black1 with a very good1 though coarse1 portrait of ,adams1 and the inscription1 8,john ,adams1 ,president of the ,united ,states40 ,underneath is a design of two fat cherubs tying up a parcel and bundles--possibly an idealization of emigration4 ,the print is signed 8,f4 ,morris1 ,shelton1 ,staffordshire40 ,strange to say1 this pitcher was purchased in ,chester1 ,england4 #hf4 ,proscribed ,patriots4 ,liverpool4 ,a design printed in black on pitchers1 and here shown4 ,on the side a medallion with a willow-tree and monument4 ,on the monument the inscription1 8,g4 ,w4 ,sacred to the memory of ,g4 ,washington1 who emancipated ,america from slavery and founded a republic upon such just and equitable principles that it will0 7remainder illegible74 ,around this medallion the legend1 8,the ,memory of ,washington and the ,proscribed ,patriots of ,america4 ,liberty1 ,virtue1 ,peace1 ,justice1 and ,equity to all ,mankind40 ,under this1 8,columbia's ,sons inspired by ,freedom's ,flame ,live in the ,annals of ,immortal ,fame40 ,under the monument are portraits of ,samuel ,adams and ,john ,hancock1 and the letters ,s4 ,a4 and ,j4 ,h42 and under these a beehive and cornucopia4 ,on the front of the pitcher is the ,american eagle and shield1 with inscription1 8,peace1 ,commerce1 and ,honest ,friendship with all ,nations1 ,entangling ,alliances with none4 ,jefferson4 ,anno ,domini #ahjd40 ,under the handle1 8,fame10 in clouds4 ,illustration3 ,proscribed ,patriots ,pitcher4 #hg4 ,william ,franklin4 ,medallion4 ,wedgwood4 ,two blue and white jasper medallions of the son of ,benjamin ,franklin4 ,these medallions appear in ,wedgwood's 8,list of ,illustrious ,moderns40 ,william ,temple ,franklin was the last ,royalist governor of ,new ,jersey1 but his claim to fame rests only on his being the son of his father4 ,two of these medallions are in the ,huntington ,collection4 ,samuel ,adams4 ,portrait4 ,liverpool4 ,on ,proscribed ,patriots ,pitcher4 ,see ,no4 #hf4 #hh4 ,jefferson4 ,name in ,inscription4 ,on a pitcher bearing a portrait of the ,american eagle1 with motto1 8,e ,pluribus ,unum10 are these stanzas3 8,sound1 ,sound the trump of ,fame1 ,let ,jefferson's great name ,ring through the world with loud applause ,as the firm friend of ,freedom's cause4 8,let every clime to freedom dear ,now listen with a joyfull ear4 ,with honest pride and manly grace ,he fills the ,presidential place4 8,the ,constitution for his guide1 ,and ,truth and ,justice by his side1 ,when hope was sinking in dismay1 ,when gloom obscured ,columbia's day1 ,he mourn'd his country's threaten'd fate ,and sav'd it ere it was too late40 ,jefferson4 ,quotation4 ,liverpool4 ,see ,no4 #abg4 ,jefferson4 ,at ,tomb4 ,staffordshire4 ,see ,no4 #cc4 ,jefferson4 ,portrait4 ,staffordshire4 ,see ,no4 #aff4 #hi4 ,john ,hancock4 ,portrait4 ,liverpool4 ,a black print on a mug4 ,on a ribbon scroll the inscription1 8,the ,honorable ,john ,hancock40 ,john ,hancock4 ,portrait4 ,liverpool4 ,on ,proscribed ,patriots ,pitcher4 ,see ,no4 #hf4 ,john ,hancock4 ,house4 ,see ,no4 #aeg4 #ij4 ,montgomery4 ,battle-,scene4 ,liverpool4 ,black print on a pitcher of a battle-scene entitled 8,the ,death of ,montgomery40 ,one may be seen in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection4 #ia4 ,warren4 ,battle-,scene4 ,liverpool4 ,black print on a ,liverpool pitcher of a battle-scene1 with name 8,the ,death of ,warren40 ,one may be seen in the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection4 #ib4 ,american ,eagle4 ,sailor ,pitcher4 ,liverpool4 ,a ,liverpool pitcher with an ,american spread eagle over the words 8,herculaneum ,pottery1 ,liverpool40 ,on one side waves and a full-rigged ship bearing ,american flag2 sometimes printed in black1 and often coarsely colored by hand4 ,this print is often seen on sailor pitchers with other prints of different designs4 ,on the other side1 a sailor's ballad surrounded by wreath of flowers1 with engraver's signature1 8,joh ,johnson1 ,liverpool40 #ic4 ,american ,eagle4 ,masonic ,pitcher4 ,liverpool4 ,a ,liverpool pitcher with ,american eagle and shield4 ,on the other side1 ,masonic emblems4 ,there were a vast number of these ,masonic designs1 one is shown on page #adg1 and as they were not specially ,american1 though doubtless made largely for ,americans1 it is useless to specify them4 #id4 ,ship ,alligator4 ,a pitcher with view of the ship ,alligator on one side4 ,on the reverse a spread eagle1 with a scroll border in gilt containing the names of fifteen ,states4 #ie4 ,mug4 ,union to the ,people4 ,a mug of ,liverpool ware printed with a group of three men clasping hands4 ,they are supposed to be ,hamilton1 ,madison1 and ,jay1 but may be any other ,american statesmen4 ,above the group1 a liberty cap with the words 8,union to the ,people40 ,below are branches with leaves and the legend1 8,civil and ,religious ,liberty to all ,mankind40 #if4 ,salem ,ship-building4 ,liverpool4 ,two prints representing scenes of timber-rolling and ship-building1 intended to commemorate the era of great prosperity in ,salem ship-yards4 ,they are accompanied with these verses3 8,our mountains are covered with ,imperial ,oak ,whose ,roots like our ,liberties ,ages have ,nourish'd2 ,but long e'er our ,nation submits to the ,yoke ,not a ,tree shall be left on the ,field where it flourish'd4 8,should invasion impend1 ,every ,tree would ,descend ,from the ,hilltops they shaded ,our ,shores to defend2 ,for ne'er shall the ,sons of ,columbia be slaves ,while the ,earth bears a ,plant1 or the ,sea rolls its waves40 ,the finest specimen of ,liverpool ware bearing these prints and verses is a great punch-bowl1 eighteen inches in diameter1 in the rooms of the ,east ,india ,marine ,society in ,salem4 ,it also bears on the inside of the bowl1 in large letters1 the name of the ,society and other inscriptions1 and the date #ahjj4 ,pitchers also are found with these prints1 and also with the spread eagle with the mark 8,herculaneum ,pottery1 ,liverpool40 ,one may be seen in the rooms of the ,bostonian ,society in the old ,state-,house1 ,boston4 ,these prints are perhaps the most pretentious of any made for commercial interests in this country1 and are usually very clear and good4 #ig4 ,plan of ,city of ,washington4 ,liverpool4 ,a ,liverpool pitcher with black print of a map between two female figures4 ,inscription1 8,plan of the ,city of ,washington40 ,on reverse is ,washington design ,no4 #ac4 #ih4 ,emblem of ,america4 ,liverpool4 ,a ,liverpool pitcher with a coarse black print of a female figure holding the ,american flag1 and facing two clumsily-drawn1 stumpy ,indians4 ,in the background a group of oval portraits labelled ,raleigh1 ,columbus1 ,franklin1 ,washington1 etc4 ,the legend 8,an ,emblem of ,america40 ,on the reverse a ,washington design4 #ii4 ,crooked ,town of ,boston4 ,liverpool4 ,a ,liverpool pitcher printed in black1 red1 or green1 with inscription1 8,success to the ,crooked but ,interesting ,town of ,boston40 ,on the other side a long ballad1 varying on different pitchers4 #ajj4 ,liberty4 ,liverpool4 ,a ,liverpool pitcher with black print4 ,design1 a seated figure of ,liberty with the legend1 8,may ,columbia ,flourish40 #aja4 ,infant ,navy4 ,naval ,pitcher4 ,this design is found on ,liverpool pitchers of at least four sizes4 ,under the nose of the pitcher is in large letters the inscription1 8,success to the ,infant ,navy of the ,united ,states40 ,on the side of the pitcher sometimes was seen a black transfer print of a full-rigged ship1 sometimes the ,american flag and eagle1 sometimes a large print of a naval battle with this printed motto1 8,l',insurgente ,french ,frigate of #dd guns and #daa ,men striking her ,colours to the ,american ,frigate ,constitution1 ,commodore ,truxton1 of #dj guns1 after an action of an hour and a half in which the former had #ge ,men killed wounded the latter one killed three wounded1 ,feb4 #bjth1 #agii40 ,a very good pitcher with the latter design may be seen at ,washington's ,headquarters1 at ,morristown4 ,see also ,no4 #ah1 and pages #ada et seq4 #ajb4 ,american ,flag4 ,this print is found on pitchers and mugs1 sometimes colored over the print4 ,it is found on pieces with various other ,washington and ,sailor prints4 #ajc4 ,for ,america4 ,liverpool4 ,a ,liverpool pitcher with the ,farmers ,arms1 described on pages #aec et seq4 ,legend1 8,for ,america40 #ajd4 ,peace and ,prosperity to ,america4 ,no4 #a4 ,liverpool pitcher printed in red1 with scrolls of pink lustre4 ,the design is a shield supported by two female figures2 the word 8,new ,york0 on the top of the shield in large letters1 and the names of twelve other ,states1 including ,boston1 on a ribbon scroll4 ,legend1 8,peace1 ,plenty and ,independence40 ,on the other side a shield supported by an eagle and an ,indian4 ,legend1 8,success to the ,united ,states of ,america1 ,e ,pluribus ,unum40 ,in front of pitcher the motto1 8,peace and ,prosperity to ,america40 #aje4 ,peace and ,prosperity to ,america4 ,no4 #b4 ,a ,liverpool pitcher with a wreath of ribbons and stars bearing names of eleven ,states1 two of them being 8,boston0 and 8,tenassee40 ,in centre of wreath the words1 8,peace1 ,plenty1 and ,independence40 ,this wreath forms a medallion or shield supported by two female figures1 each with a cornucopia4 ,above the medallion an eagle and flag4 ,on the front of the pitcher1 the motto1 8,peace and ,prosperity to ,america40 ,this much resembles ,no4 #ajd4 #ajf4 ,united ,states ,soldier4 ,liverpool pitchers and bowls with black or red print of ,united ,states soldier standing with his foot on the head of a ,british ,lion4 ,legend1 8,by ,virtue and ,valor we have freed our ,country1 extended our ,commerce1 and laid the foundation of a ,great ,empire40 ,in the background stand four ,continental soldiers4 #ajg4 ,liberty4 ,naval ,pitcher4 ,a black print of ribbon scroll with names of sixteen ,states1 enclosing verses beginning1 8,oh ,liberty6 thou goddess ,heavenly bright1 ,profuse of bliss1 ,and pregnant with delight40 ,on the reverse1 a print of a ship with ,american flag4 #ajh4 ,people of ,america4 ,a ,liverpool pitcher with a print of three men holding hands and elevating a liberty cap on a pole4 ,underneath1 8,people of ,america0 on a scroll1 and the words1 8,civil and ,religious ,liberty to ,all ,mankind40 ,on the reverse1 ,liberty seated1 and a soldier standing with a harp between the two figures4 ,beneath1 the words 8,tun'd to ,freedom for our ,country40 #aji4 ,historical ,pitcher of ,war of #ahab4 ,described on page #bii et seq4 #aaj4 ,american ,heroes4 ,pitcher printed in copper-lustre4 ,on one side a full-rigged ship surrounded by a chain of elliptical links containing the names1 ,hull1 ,jones1 ,lawrence1 ,macdonough1 ,porter1 ,blakey1 ,beatry1 ,stuart1 ,washington1 ,perry1 ,rogers1 ,bainbridge1 ,decatur4 ,above are two clasped hands holding the chain4 ,on the other side is the ,american eagle with 8,e ,pluribus ,unum10 and a similar enclosing chain with clasped hands and the names ,brown1 ,mc,comb1 ,ripley1 ,pike1 ,porter1 ,miller1 ,bainbridge1 ,izard1 ,van ,rensallaer1 ,adair1 ,lewis1 ,gaines1 ,scott1 ,jardson4 ,this pitcher is globose in shape1 and of fine quality of ware4 #aaa4 ,naval ,pitcher4 ,liverpool4 ,this print of two men-of-war in a close engagement1 appears with various names4 ,a pitcher is here shown with the words ,macedonian and the ,united ,states4 ,illustration3 ,naval ,pitcher4 #aab4 ,perry4 ,portrait4 ,a white pottery plate with a black print of the portrait of ,commodore ,perry1 surrounded by a design of flags1 cannon1 and a frigate2 above the name 8,perry40 ,the edge is scalloped1 with a black border4 ,impressed mark1 8,davenport40 ,this design appears on pitcher described in ,no4 #aae4 #aac4 ,perry4 ,portrait4 ,a white pottery plate with a black print4 ,in the centre1 a full-length portrait of ,commodore ,perry surrounded by a design of flags1 powder-kegs1 cannon1 and a full-rigged frigate4 ,above the name 8,perry40 ,the plate has a scalloped edge with a black border4 #aad4 ,perry4 ,portrait4 ,a portrait of ,commodore ,perry with the name ,o4 ,h4 ,perry1 ,esq4 ,on a ribbon scroll1 the legend1 8,we have met the enemy and they are ours10 the words of ,perry's famous despatch4 ,under this1 the words1 8,hero of the ,lake40 ,see page #adb for description of ,perry at this battle4 #aae4 ,jackson4 ,portrait4 ,a large globose pitcher with a portrait of ,jackson1 and the words 8,major ,general ,andrew ,jackson40 ,on the other side same portrait of ,perry as ,no4 #aab4 ,this print is also seen upon plates4 #aaf4 ,decatur4 ,portrait4 ,a portrait of ,decatur on a mug4 ,above1 the words 8,commodore ,decatur20 below1 on a ribbon1 the famous war-motto1 8,free ,trade ,sailors ,rights40 ,the old ballad says1 8,then quickly met our nation's eyes ,the noblest sight in ,nature1 ,a first-class frigate as a prize ,brought back by brave ,decatur40 #aag4 ,lawrence4 ,portrait4 ,newcastle4 ,a portrait of ,lawrence in copper-lustre on cream-ware pitcher1 with motto1 8,don't surrender the ship40 ,his dying words1 8,don't give up the ship10 have become a national watchword4 ,on the other side of pitcher1 a portrait of ,decatur1 with his name4 #aah4 ,bainbridge4 ,portrait4 ,a mug with a portrait of ,bainbridge1 with words1 8,commodore ,bainbridge10 and his characteristic words1 8,avast1 boys1 she's struck60 ,commodore ,bainbridge commanded the ,constitution--,old ,ironsides4 8,on ,brazil's coast ,she ruled the roost ,when ,bainbridge was her ,captain40 #aai4 ,hull4 ,portrait4 ,a pitcher bearing portrait of ,captain ,hull1 and the words1 8,captain ,hull1 of the ,constitution40 ,on the other side1 a portrait with the words1 8,captain ,jones1 of the ,macedonian40 #abj4 ,pike4 ,portrait4 ,a pitcher with the portrait of ,general ,z4 ,m4 ,pike2 above it the word 8,pike20 below1 his noble words1 8,be always ready to die for your country40 ,on the other side1 a portrait and name1 8,captain ,jones1 of the ,macedonian40 ,a specimen can be seen in the collection of the ,bostonian ,society in the old ,state-,house in ,boston4 #aba4 ,pike4 ,portrait4 ,same portrait of ,pike and same legend as ,no4 #abj4 ,on the other side1 portrait of ,hull and legend1 8,captain ,hull1 of the ,constitution40 #abb4 ,jones4 ,portrait4 ,plate with a portrait of ,captain ,jones printed in blue in the centre1 with a ship on the left and flags on the right4 ,black shell border4 ,impressed mark1 8,davenport40 ,this description was given me by ,mr4 ,prime4 ,jones4 ,portrait4 ,see ,no4 #abj4 #abc4 ,preble4 ,portrait4 ,a pitcher with a good portrait of ,preble1 signed 8,d10 with a figure of ,fame on one side and the ,american flag on the other1 and the name 8,commodore ,preble40 ,on the other side of the pitcher1 a well-drawn oval print of ships attacking fortifications4 ,above1 the inscription 8,commodore ,preble's ,squadron ,attacking the ,city of ,tripoli ,aug #c4 #ahjd4 ,the ,american ,squadron under ,commodore ,preble consisting of the ,constitution #dd guns #b ,brigs #c ,schooners #b bombs #d ,gunboats ,attacking the ,city and ,harbour of ,tripoli ,aug #c1 #ahjd4 the city was defended by ,batteries ,mounting #aae ,pieces of heavy ,cannon the ,harbour was defended by #ai ,gunboats #b ,brigs #b ,schooners #b ,gallies and a ,zebeck4 the city ,received ,great ,damage ,several of the ,tripolitan ,vessels were sunk #c of their ,gunboats taken a ,great ,number of ,men ,killed40 ,on the front of the pitcher is the ,american spread eagle and the words1 8,herculaneum ,pottery1 ,liverpool40 #abd4 ,trophy4 ,pitchers printed in lustre and purple with a trophy of arms and the verses1 8,united ,steady in ,liberties ,cause1 ,we'll ever defend our ,countries ,laws40 ,under the nose the legend1 8,may the tree of ,liberty ever flourish40 #abe4 ,macdonough4 ,bombardment of ,stonington4 ,a pitcher of cream ware with a black print entitled 8,the ,gallant ,defense of ,stonington ,aug #ith #ahad40 ,it represents that famous defence when the inhabitants of the town1 with one gun successfully resisted the attack of the ,british force of several vessels1 sinking one ship and driving off the others4 ,underneath1 the legend1 8,stonington is free whilst her heroes have one gun left40 ,on the other side is the print of a ship with the words1 8,united ,states ,frigate ,guerriere1 ,com4 ,mac,donough bound to ,russia ,july #ahah40 ,mr4 ,prime says that a citizen of ,stonington who went to ,russia on public service in the ,guerriere ordered these pitchers in ,liverpool4 ,he may have made the drawing of the battle for the engraver4 ,macdonough4 ,victory on ,lake ,champlain4 ,dark blue print on ,staffordshire ware4 ,see ,no4 #ahh4 #abf4 ,naval ,battle4 ,a globose pitcher printed in vermillion with a design of a naval battle4 ,underneath1 the words 8,the ,wasp and ,the ,reindeer40 #abg4 ,militia4 ,liverpool4 ,a ,liverpool pitcher1 twelve inches in height1 bearing an oval medallion with design of cannon1 flags1 etc41 with a man in full militia uniform4 ,above1 this legend1 8,america6 whose ,militia is better than ,standing ,armies40 ,at base1 within the medallion1 8,may its ,citizens emulate ,soldiers1 its ,soldiers ,heroes40 ,below all1 the lines3 8,while ,justice is the throne to which we are bound to bend ,our ,countries ,rights and ,laws we ever will defend40 ,under the nose of the pitcher is the spread eagle1 with this legend1 8,peace ,commerce and honest ,friendship with ,all ,nations ,entangling ,alliances with ,none2 ,jefferson40 ,this pitcher is printed in black and is painted in colors4 ,it was made in #ahjh1 in ,liverpool1 for a ,narragansett sea-captain4 ,de,witt ,clinton4 ,portrait4 ,erie ,canal4 ,see ,no4 #aff4 ,de,witt ,clinton4 ,monogram4 ,see ,no4 #agb4 ,de,witt ,clinton4 ,eulogy4 ,see ,no4 #afh4 #abh4 ,steamship4 ,printed in red on a cream-ware tea-service4 ,on the large pieces are two views1 one a steamship at sea1 with land and a fort in distance4 ,the ship floats ,american flag1 and has the smoke-stack nearly as tall as the mast4 ,the other view1 a ship flying ,american flag over the ,british1 approaching a shore upon which lies an anchor4 ,an ,american eagle on the shore holds a laurel branch among the stars4 ,the scroll border is in purple lustre4 ,this is apparently ,newcastle ware4 ,specimens can be seen at the rooms of the ,essex ,institute1 in ,salem4 #abi4 ,liberty ,medallion4 ,head4 ,embossed head of ,liberty on ,castleford teapots4 ,the same head used on gold coins of ,united ,states of #agie4 #acj4 ,liberty ,medallion4 ,figure4 ,embossed figure of ,liberty seated4 ,found on ,castleford wares4 #aca4 ,american ,eagle4 ,medallion4 ,embossed eagle and shield on ,castleford wares4 ,same as die on ,united ,states gold coin of #agig4 #acb4 ,harrison4 ,pitcher4 ,american ,pottery ,co4 ,this pitcher is the most interesting piece of ,american pottery bearing an historical design that ,i have ever seen4 ,the dealer who offered it to me asserted that only six were ever manufactured4 ,he also said that he could easily procure dozens of ,washington pitchers that were two hundred years old1 but that ,i would find it hard to get a colonial pitcher with a picture of ,harrison on it4 ,to this latter assertion ,i warmly agreed4 ,it was six-sided1 bulging in the middle to a diameter of about nine inches1 about eleven inches in height1 and with a foliated handle and scalloped lip4 ,it was of coarse-grained brownish pottery1 darker in shade than ,liverpool ware4 ,on four of its sides the pitcher bore a view of a small log-cabin above a good portrait of ,harrison1 with the words1 8,the ,ohio ,farmer ,w4 ,h4 ,harrison40 ,below all1 a spread eagle4 ,on the bottom of the pitcher was printed in black1 8,am4 ,pottery ,manfy ,co41 ,jersey ,city40 ,it is the only piece of ,american ware with printed decorations similar to ,liverpool ware that ,i have ever seen4 #acc4 ,columbian ,star4 ,jno4 ,ridgway4 ,this plate1 which is printed in light blue1 is popularly known as the 8,log-cabin0 plate4 ,in the centre is a domestic scene of a log-cabin with open door1 and a woman and child are seated outside watching a man who is ploughing a field in the foreground4 ,a 8lean-to0 joins the house1 beneath which stands the cider barrel of 8hard cider40 ,a man in the background is chopping stumps4 ,a small river bears a canoe with a single figure4 ,across the stream is a flagstaff with an ,american flag4 ,pine-trees are grouped near the cabin1 and abundant smoke rises from the chimney4 ,the border is composed of large stars set in a firmament of small ones4 ,the inscription is1 8,columbian ,star4 ,oct4 #bj1 #ahdj4 ,jno4 ,ridgway40 ,it will be remembered that ,william ,henry ,harrison was elected ,president in the fall of #ahdj4 ,this plate is owned by ,mrs4 ,nealy1 of ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,,xvii4 ,,staffordshire ,,wares ,no ceramic specimens are of more interest to the ,american china collector than the pieces of dark blue ,staffordshire crockery that were manufactured in such vast variety of design1 and were imported in such great numbers to ,america in the early years of this century4 ,their beauty of color--the color called by the ,chinese 8the light of heaven10 a blue like the lapis the ,bishop wished for his tomb at ,st4 ,praxed's1 a tint unexcelled and hardly equalled in modern wares--makes them a never-ceasing delight to the eye2 and the historical character of the decoration frequently adds to their interest and value4 ,mr4 ,prime wrote in #ahgf of these pieces of crockery1 8they have ceased to be common1 are indeed becoming rare1 and collectors will do well to secure good specimens40 ,since that year specimens have become rarer and more valuable still4 ,the ,staffordshire pieces that date from the year #ahcj to #ahej1 though still printed with ,american views1 are lighter and duller in tint of blue1 and are more frequently stamped in green1 pink1 sepia1 chocolate1 black1 or plum color4 ,the designs1 as well as the colors1 are weaker1 as if fading gradually and dying into the vast expanse of dead-white crockery and china which spread its uninteresting level over the tables of country folk for the quarter of a century that elapsed before the ,centennial ,exhibition of #ahgf1 that turning-point in household art decoration in ,america4 ,illustration3 ,pickle ,leaf4 ,the shapes of the pieces of table-ware also became degraded1 and were not so graceful as the ,staffordshire tea and dinner sets of the first quarter of this century4 ,one specially pretty piece that came with many dark blue dinner sets of the latter-named date was the low fruit-dish with its tray1 both with pierced basket-work borders4 ,the pickle leaves also were gracefully shaped4 ,the pitchers1 both of the table and toilet sets1 were graceful1 and 8poured0 well1 that most important1 and ofttimes lacking1 attribute of pitchers4 ,both basins and pitchers of toilet sets were1 however1 inconveniently small4 ,there was also not the monotony of design which we find nowadays on sets of china4 ,i mean that all the pieces of a set were not stamped with the same design4 ,i am convinced that the tea-sets1 such as the familiar ,tomb of ,washington and ,tomb of ,franklin design1 seldom were furnished with a set of plates bearing the same decoration1 but consisted only of teapot1 water-pot1 creamer1 slop-bowl1 sugar-bowl1 and occasionally two cake-plates4 ,the copper-lustre china tea-sets of the early part of the century seldom had tea-plates like the rest of the sets4 ,illustration3 ,philadelphia ,library ,plate4 ,it was only the most popular and universally widespread designs1 such as that of the ,landing of ,lafayette or the ,pilgrim1 or the ,boston ,state-,house1 that were found on all the pieces of dinner services and sold together4 ,sets were formed1 usually having the same border1 with different designs on the different-sized plates4 ,we found in the summer of #ahia1 under the eaves of an old farm-house in ,worcester ,county1 a painted blue sea-chest which contained a sight to make a china hunter both smile and weep4 ,the dust of years covered the chest1 the floor1 the ladder-like stairs that led to the attic4 ,every step of the staircase had to be cleared for our climbing entrance of the accumulated and forgotten autumn stores of what had been ears of seed-corn1 but were now only rat-nibbled cobs1 bunches of cobwebbed herbs1 broken chairs1 dried and withered gourds and pumpkins4 ,the house-mistress frankly acknowledged that she hadn't 8been up garret for years10 she had been 8so poorly and tissicky40 ,we smiled when we opened the lid of the chest and saw the familiar and much-loved color1 the color of our guiding star in our search1 the rich1 dark blue4 ,but we grieved as we lifted the pieces out1 for fully half of them were broken4 ,there was an entire dinner service of the 8,beauties of ,america10 set of ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,all had the same medallion border that is here shown on the ,philadelphia ,library plate4 ,as the chief beauties of ,america in those days were not fair maids1 but almshouses1 all the larger dishes and tureens bore monotonously ugly views of square and many-windowed almshouses4 ,the views on the gravy tureens1 with their little accompanying platters1 were all of the ,exchange at ,charleston2 the large platters were of the ,capitol at ,washington2 the smaller1 of the ,boston ,hospital4 ,the twelve dinner plates bore a view of ,new ,york ,city ,hall2 the breakfast-plates were of the ,philadelphia ,library2 the soup-plates all bore the view of the ,boston ,octagon ,church2 little plates six inches and a half in diameter had a view of the ,boston ,insane ,hospital2 the pickle leaves and handleless bowls of the ladles were still different1 bearing a small1 unnamed house with the same border4 ,tumbled in a crushed heap in the corner of the chest was the saddest sight of all1 a superb old ,worcester cream-pitcher1 four pieces of ,plymouth porcelain1 an ,india china tea-set1 three ,pilgrim plates1 all broken1 surmounted by two heavy tankards which the owner thought were pewter1 but which were solid silver4 ,they are all there still1 huddled in sad fragments in the old blue chest2 and the ,staffordshire dinner set also1 for the owner1 though ignorant of the value of the crockery and china1 of their number even1 and their condition1 still 8couldn't spare them0 when we asked to buy the whole pieces and thus rescue them from the sad fate of their brothers4 ,the wife was deaf and poor and sick1 and the husband looked sicker and poorer still1 but both were stubborn1 good-temperedly stubborn1 in their assertion that they 8couldn't spare them40 ,we sat down in the dust of the floor and begged2 we raised our offer to city prices2 we offered to send another dinner set of ,french china to replace the ,staffordshire one1 but all in vain2 we drove away and returned again to use fresh entreaties2 the owner did not care for the 8old crockery20 scorned the assertion that the tankards were silver1 and threw them carelessly back into the chest2 had no association with the pieces1 no sentiment against selling them2 but he 8couldn't spare them40 ,it is difficult to find a full dinner set of the old ,staffordshire dark blue ware4 ,the scattering of families and consequent division of property1 the destruction through every-day careless use1 have seldom left so full a set as the one just described4 ,the ,ridgways issued another set of views of the various colleges and buildings of ,english universities4 ,the stamp on the back was in blue1 a pointed oval1 about three inches long1 with words1 8,opaque ,china1 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway20 in the centre of the mark was the individual name of the building in the design4 ,a great number of these pieces appeared in the antique shops in the winter of #ahij1 through the sale of the dining-room furnishings of an old hotel in ,baltimore1 which must have consisted largely of this set of college views4 ,the owners sold all the old blue and white table crockery1 the old substantial and beautiful ,sheffield plated trays and tea-sets1 and bought nice new ,american 8hotel ware0 and shining electro-plated silver4 ,the name ,cambridge on many of these ,university plates enabled some unscrupulous or ignorant dealers to palm off the college views of that ,university to a few thoughtless buyers1 at high prices1 as views of ,harvard ,college1 in ,cambridge1 ,mass4 ,views of private residences in ,london are frequently found in ,america with the same border as the ,university pieces1 a wreath of convolvulus broken by pretty cameo-like medallions of boys playing with goats4 ,all these ,english views are exceedingly useful for wall decorations1 especially for high shelves1 or as a background for lighter-colored bits of china1 where it is not necessary that the design of the decoration should be carefully distinguished2 and their vast variety makes them a constantly interesting subject for investigation and purchase4 ,i have seen one collection of over two hundred ,staffordshire plates bearing each a different ,english view1 and ,i have seen many scores--perhaps hundreds--still different4 ,some of the richest pieces of color are the dark blue plates printed with the 8,wilkie ,designs10 such as the well-known ,letter of ,introduction1 and the much sought after ,valentine design4 ,the ,don ,quixote series is also good4 ,equally glorious and resplendent in color are pieces bearing the ,dr4 ,syntax designs4 ,i have seen only plates and tureens with the latter4 ,these ,syntax plates have an additional source of interest in the wit of the humorous scenes that they represent4 8,dr4 ,syntax's ,noble ,hunting ,party10 8,dr4 ,syntax ,upsets the ,beehive10 8,dr4 ,syntax ,painting the ,portrait of his ,landlady10 8,dr4 ,syntax ,star-,gazing10 8,dr4 ,syntax ,reading his ,tour40 ,these ,i have seen1 and there are doubtless many others4 ,they were printed from a set of pictures drawn by ,thomas ,rowlandson1 one of the most celebrated designers of his day of humorous and amusing subjects4 ,they were drawn to illustrate a book published by ,william ,combe1 in #ahab1 called 8,dr4 ,syntax's ,tour in ,search of the ,picturesque40 ,a second tour1 8,in ,search of ,consolation10 appeared in #ahbj4 ,this was also illustrated by ,rowlandson4 ,a third tour1 8,in ,search of a ,wife10 was printed the following year4 ,these books had an immense and deserved popularity4 ,not only did these ,staffordshire plates appear1 but a whole set of ,derby figures were modelled--8,dr4 ,syntax ,walking0--8,in a ,greenroom0--8,at ,york0--8,going to ,bed0--8,tied to a ,tree0--8,scolding the ,landlady0--8,playing the ,violin0--8,attacked by a ,bull0--8,mounted on ,horseback0--and were sold in large numbers4 ,the ,staffordshire plates have survived in greater variety in this country4 ,doubtless they were imported in larger quantities than were the ,derby figures4 ,strangely enough1 no ,biblical scenes are represented on these ,staffordshire plates1 save one with a print of the ,flight into ,egypt4 ,other interesting forms of ware manufactured in ,staffordshire were the old drinking-mugs known as 8,tobys40 ,they were seated figures of rummy1 old1 red-nosed fellows with drinking-mugs in their hands4 ,they wore usually cocked hats1 the hat forming the lip of the mug4 ,they were gayly dressed in high colors1 and were sometimes twelve and even fourteen inches in height4 ,a terrible damper has been put1 within a few years1 on the joy of collecting these 8,tobys10 by the fact of their reproduction in vast numbers after precisely the old models1 and in precisely the same colors4 ,of course1 the modern ,tobys are very shining and new1 and upon examination are easily distinguished from the old ones2 but when a closet-door in an antique shop suddenly and most unadvisedly swung open1 the sight of a row of twenty or thirty ,tobys1 all precisely alike1 did not seem to enhance the value of the asserted-to-be-unique specimen on the shop shelf1 nor make me very warm about purchasing further specimens1 were they old or new4 ,it is impossible to obtain any information in ,england about this dark blue earthenware1 or 8semi-china10 which was made for so many years in such vast quantities for the ,american market4 ,the ,staffordshire pottery works have all changed owners2 the plates from which these wares were printed have all been lost or destroyed2 the present owners of the works are ignorant of the existence even of these printed ,american pieces4 ,there are almost no specimens to be seen in ,english collections1 not even of pieces bearing ,english views2 none for sale in ,english shops2 and even in so exhaustive1 extended1 and careful a treatise on the ceramic art of ,great ,britain as that of ,mr4 ,jewitt1 he does not speak of them1 and evidently is ignorant of the wares1 the stamps1 and marks4 ,a careful search throughout the ,staffordshire region developed absolutely not one fact about these 8,american historical pieces20 and ,i may add that a collection of ,staffordshire ware bearing both ,american and ,english views is now being gathered in ,america for presentation to the ,museum at ,burslem1 and consequent enlightenment of ,english collectors and manufacturers4 ,hence it is plain that each ,american collector must be a law to himself with regard to marks2 or rather1 ,american collectors must unite and form a new table of marks of 8,american pieces40 ,i will specify a few that ,i find on my ,staffordshire pieces4 ,a circular impression about an inch in diameter1 with an inclosed circle having in the centre the word 8,warranted10 and a spread eagle bearing a thunderbolt and laurel leaf4 ,in the quarter-inch ring inclosing this inner disk are the words1 in capital letters1 8,t4 ,mayer4 ,stone4 ,staffordshire40 ,accompanying this impressed stamp is always found 7on my pieces7 a very spirited rendering in dark blue of the ,american eagle1 bearing a laurel branch in his right claw1 and a bunch of arrow-like thunderbolts in his left4 ,he measures two and three-quarters inches from tip to tip of wings1 has an ,american shield on his breast1 and a ribbon bearing the words 8,e ,pluribus ,unum0 in his mouth4 ,the lighter1 clouded background has thirteen white stars4 ,this mark is the richest in color and best in drawing of any that ,i have seen4 ,this ,t4 ,mayer was1 ,i judge1 the ,thomas ,mayer who had the ,dale ,hall ,staffordshire works from #ahbi1 and of whom ,shaw speaks as having made the best specimen of solid earthenware ever produced at that time--a vast table4 ,this stamp and mark are given by neither ,chaffers nor ,jewitt1 nor ,phillips and ,hooper4 ,the marks ,e4 ,mayer1 and ,e4 ,mayer ,son1 are frequently seen4 ,these firms were in existence from #aggj to #ahcj in ,hanley4 ,a distinct circular impression an inch in diameter2 in the centre appears a spread eagle with shield on his breast1 and below him the words 8,semi ,china20 surrounding all the words 8,e4 ,wood ,sons1 ,burslem4 ,warranted40 ,in conjunction with this impressed stamp appears often a dull blue mark1 an oblong panel an inch and a half long and about three-eighths of an inch wide1 inclosing the name of the view on the face of the plate4 ,on this panel stands an eagle with laurel branch in his right claw1 and in his beak a written scroll attached to a small ,united ,states shield1 and bearing the words 8,e ,pluribus ,unum0--the whole on a clouded background4 ,many of the pieces bearing both of these marks are confused in outline1 as if the dies or plates from which they were printed were worn out4 ,and they also have the poorly drawn1 ugly shell border4 ,this stamp and mark are not given by ,chaffers or ,jewitt4 ,the ware also varies greatly1 the earlier plates being of much lighter weight4 ,the impressed circular mark appears alone on some very richly colored1 clearly printed1 and beautifully drawn pieces decorated with spirited marine views and clear and graceful shell borders4 ,these were evidently made for the ,american market1 for on all of them appears prominently a full-rigged ship bearing the ,american flag2 yet they cannot be classed as 8,american views40 ,the names given to some of these views are 8,a ,ship of the ,line on the ,downs10 8,in a ,full ,breeze10 8,christianeburg10 8,danish ,settlement on the ,gold ,coast1 ,africa10 8,york ,minster40 ,the name 8,wood10 alone1 appears impressed1 and often accompanied by an impressed crescent4 ,the date of this mark is apparently about #ahah1 when the firm was no longer ,wood ,caldwell1 and ,enoch ,wood's sons had not been taken into partnership4 ,all the pieces with this stamp are rich in color and clear in outline1 as if the dies or plates were fresh and new4 ,the mark 8,e4 ,w4 ,s40 on lighter-blue pieces ,i have also fancied stood for ,e4 ,wood ,sons4 ,a circular stamp1 impressed1 of a crown1 surrounded by words 8,a4 ,stevenson1 ,warranted ,staffordshire40 ,this stamp appears with a mark printed in blue of an eagle holding a tablet1 with the name of the view on the face of the plate2 or sometimes with a blue printed mark of an urn festooned with drapery1 on which is printed the name of the view1 which is usually of an ,english scene4 ,the ,cobridge ,works were erected in #ahjh1 were owned for a few years by ,bucknall ,stevenson1 and afterward by ,a4 ,stevenson alone4 ,the works were closed in #ahai1 hence pieces bearing this mark can have the date quite definitely assigned4 ,the circular mark is given by ,chaffers as appearing once on a painted faence plate4 ,the impressed mark of name ,stevenson in capital letters is found on many 8,american historical pieces10 usually on plates with a beautiful vine-leaf border and white impressed edge4 ,a circular stamp of concentric rings1 impressed1 about one inch in diameter4 ,in the centre a crown1 and in surrounding ring the words 8,clews ,warranted ,staffordshire40 ,after #ahai the ,cobridge works passed into the hands of ,mr4 ,james ,clews1 who continued them until #ahbi1 when they were again closed and remained so until #ahcf1 when they were opened under another firm name4 ,mr4 ,clews came to ,america1 and an account of his enterprise here is given on page #ig et seq4 ,this mark is not given by ,chaffers1 who calls the firm ,j4 ,r4 ,clews1 and says they made 8pale cream-colored ware40 ,during the ten years that ,mr4 ,clews owned these ,cobridge ,works some of the richest pieces of dark blue color that were ever made by any potter took the form of pieces bearing ,american historical designs1 and bear the last-mentioned stamp4 ,the mark of an open crown surmounting the words 8,clews ,warranted ,staffordshire0 appears on a set1 8,picturesque ,scenery40 ,upon the back of each piece appears also the colored stamp which was placed by the manufacturers to designate this set1 all of which were printed with ,american views4 ,it is a little landscape of pines and a sheet of water with a sloop4 ,this scene is crossed diagonally with an oblong stamp bearing the words 8,picturesque ,views10 and the name of the special view printed on the face of the piece2 for instance1 8,penitentiary in ,allegheny nr ,pittsburgh ,pa40 ,this set of views of 8,picturesque ,scenery0 was of much later date than the rich dark blue pieces1 being printed in sepia1 green1 chocolate1 or plum color1 thus showing the degraded taste of the second quarter of the century4 ,an impressed mark of ,rogers appears sometimes in conjunction with an eagle stamped in blue4 ,occasionally1 also1 the eagle is seen without the ,rogers mark4 ,sometimes the chemical sign for iron is found with these marks4 ,the firm of ,rogers was in existence in ,burslem until #ahdi4 ,a circular impressed mark1 one inch in diameter1 with a star in the centre1 surrounded by words 8,joseph ,stubbs ,longport40 ,this mark is not given by ,chaffers1 nor the name of the manufacturer or manufactory4 ,jewitt1 who gives no marks1 says that he was a successful potter at ,dale ,hall from #agij to #ahbi1 preceding ,t4 ,mayer at his pottery1 and thus proving that pieces with the ,stubbs mark are the earlier of the two4 ,the circular mark of 8,stubbs ,kent1 ,longport10 also unknown in ,england1 appears on many pieces2 for instance1 the dark blue basket and rose1 and the milkmaid designs so common on toilet and dinner services4 ,still another impressed mark of 8,stubbs0 alone1 in capital letters1 appears on many ,american historical pieces1 particularly on the ones with what is known as the eagle1 rose1 and scroll border4 ,a large number of pieces were printed1 with views of public buildings in ,america1 by the firm of ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,these pieces bore on the back an oblong stamp inclosing the name of the building and its location1 as1 for instance1 8,city ,hall1 ,new ,york20 above this the words 8,beauties of ,america10 below1 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,one of the set is shown on page #cai4 ,the pieces bearing this stamp are only medium blue in tint1 though the color is good and some of the shading is dark4 ,these pieces are disfigured by the border1 which has the effect of oval medallions inclosing alternately a single stiff rose and a six-petalled flower--a myrtle blossom1 perhaps4 ,this border is poorly shaded and far from graceful in designing4 ,i cannot definitely assign the date of these pieces2 the firm succeeded ,job ,ridgway ,sons in #ahad1 and was in existence in #ahbi4 ,this mark is not given by ,chaffers4 ,another ,ridgway mark is an oval medallion with the initials ,j4 ,r4 under a crown1 and with the names of the pattern in a scroll4 ,still another has the initials ,j4 ,w4 ,r41 another ,jno4 ,ridgway1 and another ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,a large number of very beautiful ,english views1 printed in dark blue1 are found on dinner services of ,staffordshire ware1 bearing the mark in blue of a spray of rose-leaves with a double scroll and name 8,riley10 and name also of the view--for instance1 8,goggerdan1 ,cardiganshire40 ,the firm of ,john ,richard ,riley rebuilt in #ahad the ,hill ,works1 that had formerly been owned by ,ralph ,wood1 and ran them until #ahci4 ,the prints of this firm are clear and distinct1 and really artistic in drawing1 the borders being specially graceful4 ,the only mark given by ,chaffers is 8,riley ,semi-,china0 on blue willow-pattern ware4 ,this ,i have also found1 the words appearing within a circular belt4 ,the impress ,riley also is seen4 ,r4 ,hall's wares were imported to ,america in large quantities1 especially his 8,select ,views40 ,i do not know whether this is ,r4 ,hall who ran the 8,sytch ,pottery0 in ,burslem until #ahcj1 or whether he was ,ralph ,hall who owned the ,swan ,banks ,works1 ,tunstall1 during the first quarter of the century4 ,chaffers does not mention either ,hall1 and ,jewitt gives no marks4 ,the stamp most frequently seen is an oval ring in blue2 at the top1 8,r4 ,hall's ,select ,views20 below1 a sprig of flowers and the words 8,stone ,china40 ,the ring inclosed the name of the view1 ,biddulph ,castle1 ,staffordshire1 and ,pains ,hill1 ,surrey1 being the most frequent4 ,i have seen hundreds of ,pains ,hill plates in ,new ,england1 fully half the country houses that ,i have entered had a few on cupboard or pantry shelves4 ,still another ,hall mark is a crown-shaped blue stamp with 8,hall0 and the name of the set--for instance1 8,quadrupeds40 ,another1 a blue stamp in an irregular shield1 at top and bottom 8,r4 ,halls ,picturesque ,scenery10 in the middle the name--for instance1 8,fulham ,church ,middlesex40 ,another is an irregular shield1 with scrolls with words 8,oriental ,scenery1 ,i4 7or ,j47 ,hall ,sons20 and also 8,italian ,scenery1 ,i4 ,hall ,sons20 and 8,indian ,scenery1 ,i4 ,hall ,sons40 ,the views1 of course1 on these pieces are indicative1 respectively1 of the marks on the back4 ,the views of ,oriental scenery were taken from the illustrations of ,buckingham's ,travels in ,mesopotamia1 of the date #ahbh4 ,a very interesting mark is a wreath of blue flowers inclosing the words 8,bristol ,flowers10 and accompanied either by impressed initials in capitals1 ,e4 ,g4 ,p41 or an impressed cross like the ,bristol stamp4 ,this mark has been seen only on pure white 8semi-china10 decorated in clear blue1 with a design of fruit and flowers in which the passion-flower predominates4 ,still another blue mark1 on pieces a trifle lighter in tint1 is a fine spread eagle2 above1 the word 8,ironstone20 below1 8,sydenham ,j4 ,clementson40 ,chaffers does not mention this name or mark4 ,jewitt gives no marks1 but says ,clementson became proprietor of the ,sydenham works about #ahcb1 and manufactured for the ,american market4 ,the impressed mark of 8,adams ,warranted ,staffordshire0 appears in a circle around an ,american eagle4 ,and the initials ,r4 ,s4 ,w41 in a graceful scroll with a branch of leaves1 appear on many beautiful ,american views4 ,i have been told that this was the stamp of ,r4 ,s4 ,warburton1 but can give no proof nor further information4 ,it may be the stamp of some member of the ,wood family1 so many of whom were potters4 ,when we examine all these special ,american marks on ,english pottery1 it seems odd to read ,mr4 ,jewitt's statement1 that marks were frequently omitted on the ,english china sent to ,america1 8on account of the jealous dislike of the ,americans of that day to anything emanating from the mother country40 ,with the pieces of ,staffordshire wares bearing ,american designs1 and a few pieces which cannot be classed elsewhere1 ,i conclude my list4 #acd4 ,albany4 ,view of city of ,albany printed in black on plate4 ,date of view apparently about #ahdj4 #ace4 ,albany4 ,view of ,albany in bright dark blue4 ,e4 ,wood ,sons4 ,marked on back1 8,city of ,albany ,state of ,new ,york10 and spread eagle with ,e ,pluribus ,unum4 ,in centre the ,capitol ,hill with old ,capitol4 ,on the river a steamboat and sailing vessels4 ,cows grazing in foreground4 ,shell border4 ,albany4 ,capitol4 ,see ,no4 #aff4 ,albany4 ,theatre4 ,see ,no4 #agj4 ,albany4 ,canal4 ,see ,no4 #aga4 ,alleghany4 ,see ,no4 #bda4 #acf4 ,anti-,slavery ,plate4 ,this design is printed in a purplish and rather light blue on various pieces of dinner and tea-services4 ,the plates are most frequently found4 ,one is here shown4 ,they have slightly scalloped edges and a scroll border dotted with stars4 ,four ,american eagles and shields are in the border1 and four medallions4 ,the upper one contains the figure of ,liberty standing beside a printing-press1 while a negro kneels at her feet4 ,around the design are the words1 8,the ,tyrants ,foe--,the ,people's ,friend40 ,in the lower medallion is the design of the scales of ,justice4 ,in the medallion to the right are the words1 8,of ,one ,blood are ,all ,nations of ,men40 ,in the medallion to the left1 8,we hold that all men are created equal40 ,in the centre of the plate1 against the background of a sun-burst1 are these words3 8,congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion1 or prohibiting the free exercise thereof2 or abridging the freedom of speech1 or of the press1 or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances4 ,constitution ,u4 ,s40 ,on some of the pieces--pitchers and teapots1 for example--there also is seen this inscription1 8,lovejoy--the ,first ,martyr to ,american ,liberty4 ,alton1 ,nov4 #gth1 #ahcg40 ,it is asserted that the pieces bearing this design were the gift of the ,english ,anti-,slavery ,society to the ,american ,abolitionists1 shortly after the death of ,lovejoy2 that they were sold at auction in ,new ,york1 and the proceeds devoted to the objects of the ,society of ,abolitionists4 ,if this account is true1 these plates are certainly among the most interesting relics of those interesting days4 ,illustration3 ,anti-,slavery ,plate4 ,battery4 ,new ,york4 ,see ,no4 #bag4 #acg4 ,baltimore4 ,battle ,monument4 ,a plate printed in black1 dark brown1 or green1 with border of flowers4 ,in the centre a view of the city of ,baltimore with a monument in the foreground4 ,name on the back1 8,battle ,monument ,baltimore40 ,this monument1 which stands in ,battle ,square at the intersection of ,calvert and ,fayette ,streets1 is commemorative of those who fell defending the city when it was attacked by the ,british in #ahad4 ,it has a square base twenty feet high1 with a pedestal ornamented at the four corners with sculptured griffins4 ,on each front is an ,egyptian door with bas-reliefs and inscriptions4 ,a column eighteen feet high rises above the base and is surrounded by bands inscribed with the names of those who fell in battle4 ,the column is surmounted by a marble figure typical of the city of ,baltimore4 #ach4 ,baltimore4 ,exchange4 ,view of ,exchange building1 in dark blue4 ,this plate is very rare4 #aci4 ,baltimore4 ,court-,house4 ,a dark blue plate with a rose and fruit border4 ,in the exact centre of the plate is the ,court-,house in an open square4 ,pedestrians are walking to and fro4 ,the design of this plate is very stiff and ugly4 ,the mark on the back is a scroll of blue1 with words 8,baltimore ,court-,house20 also a circular impressed mark1 smaller than the ,clews mark1 with words 8,warranted ,staffordshire40 #adj4 ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad4 ,wood4 ,plates printed in dark blue with rich shell border1 with a train of little cars like stage-coaches1 and the stumpy little locomotive which it is said was designed by ,peter ,cooper1 and which was originally intended to have sails like a boat to help propel it along4 ,the corner-stone of this railroad was laid in ,baltimore1 ,july #d1 #ahbh1 by ,charles ,carroll of ,carrollton1 the last surviving signer of the ,declaration of ,independence4 ,this event was considered of so great importance that it was celebrated by a great trades-procession in ,baltimore1 during which the cordwainers made a fine pair of satin shoes which were at once sent to the idolized ,lafayette1 and were placed in the museum at ,la ,grange4 ,in #ahcj the first locomotive was placed on the road4 ,peter ,cooper thus describes it3 8,the engine was a very small and insignificant affair4 ,it was made at a time when ,i had become the owner of all the land now belonging to the ,canton ,company1 the value of which1 ,i believe1 depended almost entirely upon the success of the ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad4 ,when ,i had completed the engine ,i invited the directors to witness an experiment4 ,some thirty-six persons entered one of the passenger cars1 and four rode on the locomotive1 which carried its own fuel and water2 and made the first passage of thirteen miles over an average ascending grade of eighteen feet to the mile1 in one hour and twelve minutes4 ,we made the return trip in fifty-seven minutes40 ,the locomotive on these blue plates is not like the ,tom ,thumb locomotive in an old print which ,i possess2 it is more like the 8,stourbridge ,lion10 the first engine made in ,england for ,america1 which arrived in ,new ,york in #ahbi4 ,marks on plate both ,e4 ,wood and ,wood4 #ada4 ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad4 ,down ,hill4 ,this plate is in dark blue with a shell border4 ,it has a stationary engine at the top of a hill1 with a number of small freight cars running down a very steep grade1 with the cars at a very singular angle4 ,both ,baltimore ,ohio plates are here shown4 ,there were several of these down-hill tram-roads built at an early date in ,america4 ,one on the western slope of ,beacon ,hill1 in ,boston1 was constructed in the year #ahjg4 ,it was used for transporting gravel from the top of the hill down to ,charles ,street1 which was being graded and filled4 ,the descent of the heavy gravel-loaded train drew up the empty cars--thus the machinery was worked without horse-power4 ,in #ahaj a similar one was built in ,ridley1 ,pa41 for transporting stone4 ,in #ahbe a third road was built1 in ,nashua1 ,n4 ,h41 to carry down earth from a hill to fill up a factory location on a grade below4 ,in #ahbf a road three miles long at ,quincy1 ,mass41 carried in the same manner granite to the ,neponset ,river4 ,in #ahbh the coal-mines at ,mauch ,chunk1 ,pa41 had a road nine miles long to the ,lehigh ,river4 ,the empty cars were drawn up by mules4 ,in #ahbh the ,delaware ,hudson ,canal ,company1 and the ,bunker ,hill ,monument ,company1 had similar tram-ways or roads4 ,illustration3 ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad ,plates4 ,other views of early railroads and locomotives appear1 and are often sold as of the ,baltimore ,ohio ,railroad4 ,they are probably views of ,english railways4 #adb4 ,boston4 ,almshouse4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,this view is upon the cover of an enormous soup-tureen1 described in ,no4 #agh4 ,the set medallion border is shown on page #cai1 and is found on all pieces of this 8,american ,beauties0 set4 ,stamp on back in oblong disk1 8,beauties of ,america4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,almshouse1 ,boston40 #adc4 ,boston4 ,common4 ,comparatively modern print in black of a view on ,boston ,common4 #add4 ,boston4 ,hospital4 ,stevenson4 ,dinner set printed in dark blue with view of the ,hospital4 ,trees in foreground1 and a smart chaise with man and woman driving4 ,border of vine leaves on dark blue4 ,white impressed or fluted edge on some specimens4 ,mark in blue on back1 8,hospital1 ,boston40 ,impressed mark1 8,stevenson40 ,there is said to be another view of this hospital with a canal in the foreground4 #ade4 ,boston4 ,insane ,hospital4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,printed in dark blue on various pieces of a dinner service4 ,small building in centre with high fence in foreground4 ,same medallion border as shown on page #cai4 ,stamp on back in blue1 8,beauties of ,america4 ,insane ,hospital1 ,boston4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway40 #adf4 ,boston4 ,octagon ,church4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,a plate printed in dark blue1 with view of the church and of other buildings4 ,in the foreground a curious covered coach or carriage with two horses1 one carrying a postilion4 ,the same medallion border as shown on page #cai4 ,stamp on back1 8,beauties of ,america4 ,octagon ,church1 ,boston4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway40 ,this ,octagon ,church was often known as the ,new ,north ,church1 and was built in #ahae4 ,a description of it is given in ,drake's 8,history of ,boston10 page #eeb4 ,illustration3 ,state-,house ,plate4 #adg4 ,boston4 ,state-,house4 ,print in dark blue1 on dinner and toilet services1 of a view of the ,state-,house and surrounding buildings1 including the ,john ,hancock house4 ,trees and the ,common in foreground1 and a group of grazing cattle4 ,three poplar-trees appear at the right2 also a man with a wheelbarrow4 ,the border is a pretty design of roses and forget-me-nots4 ,the mark on the back is different from any stamp ,i have seen--simply the ,american 8spatch-cock0 eagle in blue4 ,this ,state-,house plate is popularly known as 8the one with ,john ,hancock's cows40 ,one is here shown4 ,the 8,new ,state-,house0 was built on a portion of ,john ,hancock's field1 where not only his cows1 but those of many of his fellow-townsmen1 found pasturage4 ,during the memorable visit of ,d',estaing and his officers to ,hancock1 the latter's servants milked all the cows on the ,common to obtain milk enough to supply the visitors4 ,this pasturing of cows on the ,common in front of the ,state-,house continued until the year #ahcj1 when accidents from bovine assaults upon citizens became so frequent that the cows were exiled from their old feeding-ground4 ,the pitchers printed with this view are very handsome1 often having an extended view of ,boston in the vicinity of the ,state-,house encircling the body of the pitcher4 ,i have seen one with the initials ,r4 ,s4 ,w4 on the base1 though ,i have always attributed this view to ,rogers4 #adh4 ,boston4 ,state-,house4 ,print in rather light blue of a view of the ,state-,house4 ,surrounding buildings do not show in this design4 ,in the foreground is a horse and chaise with driver4 ,no maker's stamp4 ,border of roses4 #adi4 ,boston4 ,state-,house4 ,jackson4 ,view of ,state-,house with group of persons in foreground4 ,printed in pink4 ,mark1 8,jackson40 #aej4 ,boston4 ,st4 ,paul's ,church4 ,blue and white plate with view of ,st4 ,paul's ,church4 #aea4 ,boston4 ,athenum4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,this dark blue design is on plates of different sizes1 and possibly on other pieces of dinner services4 ,it has the set medallion border shown on page #cai4 ,mark on the back1 8,boston ,athenum4 ,beauties of ,america4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway40 ,in the present ,athenum building may be seen one of these plates with this note3 8,this building stood in ,pearl ,st41 and one-half was given by ,mr4 ,james ,perkins1 the other half bought of ,mr4 ,cochran in #ahbb1 and the whole occupied by the ,athenum until #ahdi40 #aeb4 ,boston ,court-,house4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,this design is on platters1 plates1 and dishes in dark blue4 ,it has the set medallion border shown on page #cai1 and in the centre a view of the ,court-,house4 ,mark on the back1 8,boston ,court-,house4 ,beauties of ,america4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway40 #aec4 ,boston4 ,lawrence ,mansion4 ,though all the plates1 pitchers1 and basins which bear this beautiful dark blue design are unstamped and unmarked1 it is well known that it is a view of ,mr4 ,lawrence's handsome house1 which stood on ,winter ,street1 ,boston4 ,it is a view of a large three-storied double mansion1 surmounted by a steeple which at first sight seems a part of the house1 but which is intended for the steeple of the ,park ,street ,church in the background4 ,a garden is on one side of the house4 ,it has a clear vine-leaf border4 #aed4 ,boston4 ,warehouse4 ,adams4 ,this is a rich plate printed in clear dark blue1 with a design showing ,boston streets and buildings4 ,a large warehouse stands at the right1 on the left a block of buildings1 and in the background the wharves and harbor with shipping4 ,the beautiful border is formed on the top and sides by a design of trees with foliage4 ,on the back is the stamp1 in blue1 8,mitchell ,freemans ,china and ,glass ,warehouse ,chatham ,st4 ,boston ,mass420 also the impressed mark1 8,adams40 ,no doubt these plates were made at the order of the ,boston firm whose name they bear4 ,i have known of but four pieces with this design4 ,a plate may be seen at the rooms of the ,bostonian ,society1 in the old ,state-,house in ,boston4 #aee4 ,boston4 ,almshouse4 ,a view printed in dark blue of the old ,almshouse on ,leverett ,street4 ,the border is the beautiful design of vine leaves like that on ,no4 #add1 and the plates and platters have a white edge4 ,mark on back1 8,almshouse ,boston40 #aef4 ,boston ,mails4 ,plate printed in brown or black4 ,the border contains the figures of four steamships with these names severally printed under them--,acadia1 ,columbia1 ,caledonia1 ,britannia4 ,in the centre is a view labelled 8,gentlemen's ,cabin40 ,mark on the back1 8,boston ,mails40 ,these plates were doubtless printed to commemorate the opening of the first line of steamships between ,liverpool and ,boston4 ,i have seen the date of the first trip given as ,july1 #ahdj1 when the ,britannia arrived in ,boston4 ,illustration3 ,john ,hancock's ,house4 #aeg4 ,boston4 ,john ,hancock's ,house4 ,this print is seen in red1 blue1 or green on cups and saucers1 or on slightly scalloped plates4 ,one of the latter is here shown4 ,this historic house is not now in existence4 ,it was the intention of ,governor ,hancock to present the handsome and substantial mansion1 with its elegant furniture1 by bequest1 to the ,commonwealth of ,massachusetts1 to be preserved as a memorial of great historical events1 and to be used1 if necessary1 by the ,governor of the ,state during his residence in ,boston through his term of office4 ,hancock died without signing this bequest1 and his heirs then offered it to the ,government for a modest purchase sum4 ,after many years of indecision1 half-acceptance1 and final refusal on the part of the ,state1 this fine old house was in #ahfc pulled down4 ,in it ,washington1 ,lafayette1 and scores of other distinguished men were visitors4 ,there ,d',estaing made his home in #aggh1 and with forty of his officers dined with hospitable welcome every day for many weeks4 ,it was during this visit that the event occurred of which ,madame ,hancock complained--that ,d',estaing went to bed overcome with ,hancock's good wine1 and tore her best satin bedspread in pieces with his spurs1 which he had been too drunk to remove4 #aeh4 ,brandywine ,creek4 ,view of ,gilpin's ,mills on ,brandywine ,creek4 ,dark blue4 ,mark on back of scroll1 eagle and ,e ,pluribus ,unum4 ,brooklyn4 ,view from4 ,see ,no4 #bjh4 ,bunker ,hill ,monument4 ,see ,no4 #afd4 #aei4 ,burlington4 ,richard ,jordan's ,house4 ,j4 ,s4 ,co4 ,view of a commonplace frame house and outbuildings1 and an inclosed door-yard1 with a broad-brimmed ,quaker and a cow in foreground4 ,mark1 8,richard ,jordan's ,house4 ,j4 ,s4 ,co40 ,this house was in ,burlington1 ,n4 ,j4 ,the design is printed in pink or black on tea-services1 and appears to have been a popular one in ,new ,jersey and ,pennsylvania4 ,cadmus4 ,see ,no4 #gd4 ,cambridge4 ,harvard ,college4 ,see ,no4 #agi et seq4 ,capitol at ,washington4 ,see ,no4 #bei et seq4 #afj4 ,catskills4 ,pine ,orchard ,house4 ,this is a pretty landscape in dark blue1 with hotel in the distance1 and a man on horseback in the foreground4 ,mark on back1 8,pine ,orchard ,house1 ,catskills40 ,it is doubtless made by ,e4 ,wood ,sons4 #afa4 ,catskills4 ,print in rich dark blue of a mountain-scene with cliffs1 peaks1 and pines1 and a solitary figure4 ,a confused shell border4 ,mark on the back1 of eagle with ,e ,pluribus ,unum1 and an oblong stamp with the words1 8,in the ,catskills20 also a confused impressed stamp1 probably ,e4 ,wood ,sons4 #afb4 ,centennial4 ,various pieces of ornamental and useful nature were made of a clear white china for the ,centennial of #ahgf4 ,the stamp on the bottom was1 8,manufactured solely for ,j4 ,h4 ,shaw ,co41 ,new ,york4 ,trade ,mark1 ,philadelphia1 #ahgf40 ,each piece bore the words1 8,a ,memorial of the ,centennial1 #ahgf20 also in high colors a medallion with portrait of ,washington and two ,united ,states flags surmounted by an eagle4 ,these modern pieces deserve mention among the historical china1 since a single piece is usually desired by collectors4 ,views also were made of the different buildings at the ,centennial ,exhibition of #ahgf1 on porcelain plates1 with ugly purple and brown border4 #afc4 ,charleston4 ,exchange4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,this is one of the few ,southern views4 ,dark blue print1 with medallion border shown on page #cai4 ,stamp on back1 8,exchange1 ,charleston4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,beauties of ,america40 ,this historical building was erected in #agfg1 at a cost of #fj1jjj4 ,it was used as a 8provost0 during the occupation of ,charleston by the ,british during the ,revolution4 ,prisoners were confined in the cellars4 ,colonel ,isaac ,haynes1 an ,american officer1 spent1 in #agha1 the last few months of his life in confinement within its walls1 and from thence he was taken to his execution amid the protests of the entire populace4 ,his death so enraged the officers of the ,american army that they joined in a memorial to ,general ,greene1 proposing measures of retaliation on captive ,british soldiers and officers1 thus subjecting themselves to a certainty of like death in case they were captured by the enemy4 ,after the ,revolution the ,exchange was used as a ,custom-,house and ,post-,office1 and is now used in the latter capacity4 ,it is still standing4 ,the cupola has been removed4 #afd4 ,charlestown1 ,mass4 ,a view in black of ,bunker ,hill ,monument at ,charlestown1 ,mass4 ,chief ,justice ,marshall4 ,steamboat4 ,see ,no4 #ahe4 ,city ,hall4 ,new ,york4 ,see ,no4 #baa et seq4 ,city ,hotel4 ,new ,york4 ,see ,no4 #bah4 ,columbus4 ,landing of4 ,see ,no4 #ahf4 ,constitution of ,united ,states4 ,see ,no4 #acf4 #afe4 ,conway4 ,new ,hampshire4 ,a pink or red print4 ,in the centre a view of dwellings1 including a log-cabin with sheds2 mountains1 highway1 pine-trees1 and people4 ,marked on the back 8,view near ,conway ,n4 ,hampshire40 ,a plate bearing this design is usually considered to be worth about a dollar and a half4 ,deaf and ,dumb ,asylum4 ,see ,no4 #agh4 #aff4 ,erie ,canal4 ,a4 ,stevenson4 ,this print is in dark blue on plates4 ,in the centre of the plate is a view of buildings1 among them a church with a high fence4 ,these are said to be intended to represent the ,capitol grounds and surroundings at ,albany4 ,the border is of oak leaves and acorns1 broken by five designs1 four being the portraits of ,jefferson1 ,washington1 ,lafayette1 and ,governor ,clinton1 with their respective legends1 8,jefferson10 8,president ,washington10 8,welcome ,lafayette ,the ,nations ,guest10 and 8,governor ,clinton40 ,the fifth design1 at the bottom of the plate1 is the picture of an aqueduct with the words1 8,view of the ,aqueduct ,bridge at ,rochester40 ,mark1 impressed1 8,a4 ,stevenson warranted ,staffordshire10 in circle1 with crown in centre4 ,another mark printed in blue is of an urn1 wreath1 and the words 8,faulkner ,ware40 ,this plate is in the possession of ,a4 ,g4 ,richmond1 ,esq41 of ,canajoharie4 #afg4 ,erie ,canal4 ,utica4 ,the plate bearing this design is usually known as the 8,utica ,plate40 ,in the centre is printed these words1 8,utica1 a village in the ,state of ,new ,york1 thirty years since a wilderness1 now 7#ahbd7 inferior to none in the western section of the state in population1 wealth1 commercial enterprise1 active industry1 and civil improvement40 ,this inscription is inclosed in a laurel wreath4 ,the border of this plate has two views of a canal lock and aqueduct1 and two of a canal-boat4 ,the print is also seen on pitchers4 #afh4 ,erie ,canal4 ,same border1 with designs of canal-boats and locks as ,no4 #afg4 ,in the centre the words1 8,the ,grand ,erie ,canal1 a splendid monument of the enterprise and resources of the ,state of ,new ,york4 ,indebted for its early commencement and rapid completion to the active energies1 pre-eminent talents1 and enlightened policy of ,de,witt ,clinton1 ,late ,governor of the ,state40 ,i have seen pitchers bearing this design and the design described in ,no4 #afg4 #afi4 ,erie ,canal at ,buffalo1 ,n4 ,y4 ,this print is in black upon a plate marked 8,r4 ,s40 7,robert ,stevenson47 ,erie ,canal4 ,this entry might properly come under the head of either ,no4 #aff or ,no4 #afg1 since it describes a pitcher which had both of those decorations in blue1 and also an ,american eagle with the words 8,e ,pluribus ,unum40 #agj4 ,erie ,canal4 ,black print upon a pitcher4 ,on the right of the handle is a large view of an aqueduct1 river1 hills1 and buildings1 and the words1 8,view of the ,aqueduct ,bridge at ,little ,falls40 ,at the left of the handle a building1 with the words 8,albany ,theatre #ahbd40 ,below the spout a front view of the head of ,washington1 and words1 8,president ,washington40 ,this piece is not marked with maker's name4 #aga4 ,erie ,canal4 ,clews4 ,entrance of the ,erie ,canal into the ,hudson at ,albany4 ,marked 8,clews40 ,it is a pretty view of a canal lock with boats1 and with high-wooded hill in the background4 ,in foreground1 groups of men fishing4 ,this design is seen on dinner and toilet services4 ,the border is of roses4 ,the color is rich and dark4 #agb4 ,erie ,canal4 ,oval platter of ,oriental china of greenish tint1 decorated in gay colors1 with a gold edge1 and the monogram ,d4 ,w4 ,m4 ,c4 7,de,witt and ,maria ,clinton74 ,in the centre a landscape with the ,erie ,canal4 ,this odd and interesting piece sold at the ,governor ,lyon sale for #aj4 ,fairmount ,park4 ,see ,no4 #bbg et seq4 #agc4 ,fishkill4 ,this is one of the sets of ,clews ,picturesque ,views4 ,marks are described on page #cbg4 ,printed in red1 green1 black1 and brown4 ,the name on back1 8,nr ,fishkill ,hudson ,river40 ,this is a pretty view of an old ,dutch house and kitchen on a high bank4 ,in the background1 poplar-trees and a manor-house4 ,by the side of the water fishermen are stretching nets4 ,fort ,gansevoort1 ,new ,york4 ,see ,no4 #bae4 ,gilpin's ,mills4 ,see ,no4 #aeh4 ,girard's ,bank4 ,see ,no4 #bca4 #agd4 ,harper's ,ferry4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,print of landscape view in black or sepia4 ,mark on back1 8,harper's ,ferry from the ,potomac side4 ,w4 ,ridgway40 #age4 ,hartford1 ,conn4 ,state-,house4 ,print in dark blue of the old ,state-,house1 with two stiff poplar-trees on either side4 #agf4 ,hartford1 ,conn4 ,mount ,video4 ,print in dark blue of ,mount ,video1 now known as ,wadsworth ,tower4 #agg4 ,hartford1 ,conn4 ,mount ,video4 ,jackson4 ,print in black of view similar to ,no4 #agf4 ,mark1 8,jackson ,ware40 #agh4 ,hartford1 ,conn4 ,asylum4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,print in dark blue on enormous soup-tureen and other pieces of a dinner service1 of a view of the ,deaf and ,dumb ,asylum at ,hartford which was established by ,dr4 ,gallaudet4 ,same medallion border as shown on page #cai4 ,mark on back1 8,deaf and ,dumb ,asylum1 ,hartford4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,beauties of ,america40 #agi4 ,harvard ,college4 ,r4 ,s4 ,w4 ,a very finely printed plate in dark blue of the ,college buildings4 ,only three halls are shown4 ,the trees in foreground are unusually well drawn4 ,the clear border of oak leaves and acorns is on a stippled background4 ,mark on back1 in scroll with rose branch1 8,harvard ,college10 and some specimens also ,r4 ,s4 ,w4 ,a plate is here shown4 ,illustration3 ,harvard ,college ,plate4 #ahj4 ,harvard ,college4 ,e4 ,wood ,sons4 ,black print with flower border marked 8,e4 ,wood ,sons40 #aha4 ,harvard ,college4 ,e4 ,w4 ,s4 ,a clear and beautiful print in medium shade of blue on white ground4 ,the edge has a white beading4 ,the border is a most artistic design of flowers and fruit1 with a pretty spray of blackberries4 ,in the centre a well-drawn view of four college buildings4 ,a pond is in the foreground1 with tree at right and left4 ,by tradition this platter once formed part of the table-furnishing of the ,college dining-hall4 ,mark on back1 8,harvard ,college4 ,e4 ,w4 ,s40 #ahb4 ,hoboken4 ,new ,jersey4 ,a view of the old ,stevens mansion1 marked on the back 8,view at ,hoboken ,new ,jersey40 #ahc4 ,hudson1 ,n4 ,y4 ,clews4 ,view of the town of ,hudson as it looked in #ahbc1 printed in black1 with rose and vine border4 ,on the back or underside of this dish are views of ,stockport1 a few miles above ,hudson4 ,it is said that engravings were sent abroad by ,hudson residents1 from which these views were copied4 #ahd4 ,hudson ,river4 ,baker's ,falls4 ,black print of view of ,baker's ,falls4 ,hudson ,river1 near ,fishkill4 ,see ,no4 #agc4 ,independence of ,texas4 ,see ,no4 #bed4 ,jordan1 ,house of ,richard4 ,see ,no4 #aei4 #ahe4 ,hudson ,river4 ,steamboat4 ,e4 ,wood ,sons4 ,this is a view in dark blue of a steamboat on the ,hudson ,river taking passengers from the shore in a small boat attached to a rope which is wound around the steamer's wheel4 ,accidents became so frequent from this means of transfer that the method was quickly abandoned4 ,there are two of these sets of plates1 precisely alike1 save that on one on the wheel-house of the boat is the name 8,chief ,justice ,marshal ,troy10 and on the other the words 8,union ,line40 ,on another flag1 which is seen on both plates1 are the words 8,troy ,line40 ,they are marked 8,e4 ,wood ,sons40 ,i have seen three sizes of plates bearing these designs4 ,one is here shown4 ,illustration3 ,steamboat ,plate4 #ahf4 ,landing of ,columbus4 ,adams4 ,a plate stamped in pink or black with a pretty design of the landing of ,columbus4 ,he stands with his two captains dressed in ,spanish costume2 ,indians peer out from behind the trees2 the three ,spanish ships lie anchored off the shore4 ,a scroll and flower border inclosing four medallions of quadrupeds4 ,the stamp is 8,adams40 ,the name 8,columbus0 is on an anchor4 ,landing of the ,fathers4 ,see ,no4 #bdj4 ,landing of ,mayflower4 ,see ,no4 #bdj4 #ahg4 ,lake ,george4 ,a beautiful view printed in dark blue on platters and plates1 with shell border4 ,mark on back 8,lake ,george1 ,state of ,n4 ,y40 ,this is doubtless by ,e4 ,wood ,sons4 #ahh4 ,lake ,champlain4 ,macdonough's ,victory4 ,wood4 ,this is a rather confused view of a naval encounter representing the battle of ,lake ,champlain4 ,it has the clear1 beautiful shell border1 and the color is invariably rich and dark4 ,it appears on all the pieces of tea and dinner services1 and must have been sent to ,america in large numbers4 ,on a rock in the foreground are the words 8,commodore ,mac,donough's ,victory40 ,on the back1 the impress mark 8,wood40 ,a plate is here shown4 ,illustration3 ,mac,donough's ,victory ,plate4 ,lawrence ,mansion4 ,see ,no4 #aec4 #ahi4 ,lexington4 ,transylvania ,university4 ,e4 ,wood ,sons4 ,a plate with a view of ,transylvania ,university in the centre4 ,on either side are rows of stiff poplar-trees1 and in the foreground a man and woman walking4 ,the print is in a good shade of dark blue1 and has the poor shell border4 ,it is marked on the back with an eagle1 shield1 and 8,e ,pluribus ,unum10 and words 8,transylvania ,university ,lexington40 ,also the impressed mark of ,e4 ,wood ,sons4 ,i have rarely seen this plate--one lot of three only1 and all three were rather indistinctly and poorly printed2 still they may be plentiful in the ,south or in the neighborhood of the ,university4 #aij4 ,lexington4 ,transylvania ,university4 ,transylvania ,university4 ,a print in black or light blue of a smaller representation of the ,university and grounds4 ,apparently quite modern4 ,little ,falls4 ,erie ,canal4 ,see ,no4 #agj4 #aia4 ,louisville4 ,marine ,hospital4 ,a rich dark blue plate with shell border4 ,stamp on back1 8,marine ,hospital1 ,louisville1 ,kentucky40 ,this is doubtless by ,e4 ,wood ,sons4 ,macdonough ,victory4 ,see ,no4 #ahh4 ,marine ,hospital4 ,louisville4 ,see ,no4 #aia4 #aib4 ,maryland4 ,arms of ,state4 ,t4 ,mayer4 ,a large oval soup-tureen and plates1 printed in dark blue1 with a handsome and spirited version of the arms of the ,state of ,maryland4 ,the stamp of ,t4 ,mayer and the blue mark of an eagle that appear on these pieces are fully described on page #cbd4 ,the border is a beautiful design of trumpet flowers and roses1 while the extreme edge of the plates is ornamented with a conventionalized laurel wreath broken at intervals of about six inches with a star4 ,mayflower4 ,landing of ,the4 ,see ,no4 #bdj4 #aic4 ,mendenhall ,ferry4 ,stubbs4 ,a print in clear dark blue of a landscape with cattle in the foreground and a comfortable house1 a story and a half high1 a ,lombardy poplar and an elm-tree1 and a narrow river4 ,in the background1 on the opposite side of the river1 hills with several dwelling-houses4 ,the main point is the ferry--a cable stretching across the river1 and by which boats were taken from side to side4 ,the ferry-boat is shown4 ,the border is a scroll1 with eagles with half-spread wings and flowers1 such as is shown on page #ced4 ,though these pieces have no maker's stamp1 the impressed mark on pieces bearing the same border is 8,stubbs40 ,the only mark on this piece is the name ,mendenhall ,ferry in an oval medallion4 ,mendenhall is an old ,pennsylvania name1 but ,i do not know where the ferry was located4 ,joseph ,mendenhall owned a farm of a thousand acres on the ,brandywine1 below ,shadd's ,ford1 in ,chester ,county1 and it is very probable that the ferry was there4 ,merchants' ,exchange4 ,new ,york4 ,see ,no4 #bjd4 #aid4 ,millennium4 ,a plate printed in blue1 plum1 green1 black1 and pink4 ,in the centre a design of a lion led by a child1 while lions and lambs lie peacefully at their feet4 ,above1 the words1 8,peace on ,earth10 surmounted by a dove with olive branch4 ,below1 the words1 8,give us this day our daily ,bread40 ,the border is a design of wheat sheaves and fruit1 broken at the top of the plate by an eye and a ,bible open at ,isaiah4 ,mark on back1 8,millennium40 ,one is shown on page #bd4 ,mitchell ,freeman's ,warehouse4 ,see ,no4 #aed4 #aie4 ,mount ,vernon4 ,this view of ,mount ,vernon is in black on a cup and saucer of white china4 ,it is the front view of the house1 and in the foreground a negro is leading a prancing white horse4 ,at the top is this inscription1 8,mount ,vernon1 ,seat of the late ,gen'l ,washington40 ,inside the cup is a dotted border4 ,it has no stamp or mark of maker4 ,i have also seen this print upon a cup and saucer of cream-colored ,liverpool ware4 #aif4 ,mount ,vernon4 ,landscape in dark blue4 ,marked 8,mount ,vernon nr ,washington4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway40 #aig4 ,mount ,vernon4 ,dark blue plate with ,mount ,vernon in foreground and city of ,washington in background4 ,mark1 8,view of ,washington from ,mt4 ,vernon40 ,geographical and topographical laws were naught to ,english potters4 #aih4 ,mount ,vernon4 ,stamped in pink4 ,in the centre a group of visitors at a monument2 the border a good floral design4 ,on the back of plate the mark1 8,virginia40 ,mount ,video4 ,see ,no4 #agf et seq4 #aii4 ,nahant4 ,no4 #a4 ,stubbs4 ,illustration3 ,nahant ,plate4 ,this plate is ten inches in diameter1 of a rich dark blue color1 and is very handsome--as are all the plates with its border1 a scroll containing alternate eagles and roses4 ,in the centre is a view of the ,nahant ,hotel1 with the ocean and rocks in the foreground4 ,on one rock are a dog1 and a man firing a gun2 on a second1 two women fishing2 on a third1 a man and woman walking4 ,on the right of the foreground is an old-fashioned curricle with two horses harnessed tandem4 ,on the back of the plate is an oval blue stamp with the words1 8,nahant ,hotel near ,boston40 ,one of these plates is here shown4 ,this hotel was built of stone in the year #ahah1 by the ,hon4 ,edward ,h4 ,robbins1 at a cost of sixty thousand dollars4 ,it was enlarged by a wooden addition until it contained three hundred rooms4 ,it was burnt on ,september #ab1 #ahfa1 and has never been rebuilt4 ,the view on the plate shows only the old stone part of the hotel4 ,it has been suggested that these plates were decorated for and used in the hotel4 ,there is no evidence to prove this1 nor is it probable4 ,i have never seen any pieces save plates with this design4 #bjj4 ,nahant4 ,no4 #b4 ,r4 ,s4 ,w4 ,same view of the hotel at ,nahant1 with a large tree in the foreground at the left1 and no curricle4 ,the border is the oak leaf and acorn design1 shown on page #cfa2 the stamp on the back1 8,nahant ,hotel nr ,boston ,r4 ,s4 ,w40 ,the plates bearing this design are about an inch less in diameter than the ones described in ,no4 #aii4 #bja4 ,natural ,bridge4 ,virginia4 ,a poor and small view of the ,natural ,bridge1 printed in light blue or pink in the centre of a white plate4 ,sometimes the plate has a weakly drawn flower border4 #bjb4 ,newburgh1 on the ,hudson ,river4 ,w4 ,r4 ,this is a black print on a white china plate twelve inches in diameter4 ,on the back an impressed shield and eagle1 and an oblong stamp surmounted by an eagle and having a pendent festoon of flowers4 ,the name 8,view from ,ruggles ,house in ,newburgh ,hudson ,river10 and the initials ,w4 ,r41 are on the stamp4 ,there is no border4 ,in the centre of the plate is a pretty view of the ,hudson ,river with the familiar mountains in the background4 ,the water is dotted with sloops and little boats1 and a large tree is at the left of the foreground4 #bjc4 ,newburgh1 on the ,hudson ,river4 ,black print on dinner set of a view of ,washington's ,headquarters at ,newburgh4 ,confused rose border4 #bjd4 ,new ,york ,fire1 or ,ruins of ,merchants' ,exchange4 ,this plate is ten inches in diameter1 in a brown or dull blue print4 ,a view of the ruins of the ,merchants' ,exchange1 with the front still standing1 is in the centre of the plate4 ,a safe and books and papers1 and a group of persons1 are in the foreground1 also a squad of four soldiers with an officer4 ,sentries patrol in front of the ,exchange2 groups of lookers-on are on either side2 and flames and smoke in the background4 ,the border is divided by eight scrolls bearing alternately the words 8,great ,fire0 and 8,city of ,new ,york40 ,the spaces contain alternate subjects2 one a group of old fire-implements1 a fire-engine1 fireman's hat and trumpet1 and underneath the date1 #ahcc2 the other space contains a phnix with flames behind1 against a background of old city buildings1 and underneath the date1 ,december #afth4 ,on the back of the plate1 the same phnix over the stamp 8,ruins ,merchants ,exchange10 and in fine letters the mark 8,stone-,ware40 ,this plate was printed to commemorate the terrible fire which devastated the business portion of ,new ,york in #ahcc1 burning over thirteen acres in extent and causing a loss of seventeen million dollars4 ,the fire extended from ,coffee ,house ,slip along ,south ,street to ,coenties ,slip1 thence to ,broad ,street1 along ,william ,street to ,wall ,street1 burning down the south side to the ,east ,river1 with the exception of the buildings from ,number #ea to #fa4 ,the ,merchants' ,exchange was one of the last buildings to yield to the flames4 ,this beautiful marble building had a front of one hundred and fifteen feet on ,wall ,street1 was three stories high above the basement1 and was considered at the time the handsomest building in the ,united ,states except the ,new ,york ,city ,hall4 ,the ,post-,office had been established in its basement in #ahbg4 ,the letters and mails were removed to a place of safety1 but the noble marble statue of ,alexander ,hamilton1 which stood in the ,rotunda1 was crushed by the falling sidewalls4 ,the ,seventh ,regiment 7then called the ,national ,guard7 kept guard over the ruins1 and the funny fur-capped sentries shown on the plate are doubtless of this regiment4 ,a fine view of the front and rear of the ruins of the ,merchants' ,exchange is shown in ,william ,l4 ,stone's 8,history of ,new ,york20 but the old stone-ware plates form an equally faithful1 and much more curious and interesting1 memorial of the great conflagration4 #bje4 ,new ,york4 ,arms of ,state4 ,t4 ,mayer4 ,the arms of ,new ,york with seated figures1 instead of standing figures as in the present coat of arms2 also the motto 8,excelsior0 and name ,new ,york4 ,on the back is printed in blue the ,american eagle1 with motto 8,e ,pluribus ,unum10 also the impressed mark of 8,t4 ,mayer1 ,stone1 ,staffordshire40 ,both marks are described on page #cbd4 ,there were doubtless dinner services with the arms of all the existing ,states of the ,union1 but ,i have seen only the plates and platters with arms of ,new ,york1 ,rhode ,island1 ,pennsylvania1 and ,south ,carolina1 and the soup-tureen with the arms of the ,state of ,maryland4 #bjf4 ,new ,york4 ,arms of ,state4 ,i have seen in many collections1 the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection being one of the number1 pieces of ,lowestoft china bearing a poor and crude rendering of the ,arms of ,state of ,new ,york4 ,these must have been decorated in ,china in large numbers1 to be so widespread and numerous4 #bjg4 ,new ,york ,bay4 ,clews4 ,this view of the ,bay is taken from ,castle ,garden4 ,in the centre is the fort on ,governor's ,island4 ,a side-wheel steamer and frigate are among the shipping4 ,the stamp on back is 8,view of ,new ,york ,bay40 #bjh4 ,new ,york4 ,stevenson4 ,a dark blue print of a view of ,new ,york from ,brooklyn ,heights4 ,in the foreground is a pretty old ,dutch homestead view1 low sheds1 a well1 and a man on horseback4 ,on the river is some shipping and a small steamboat4 ,in the background the lower portion of ,new ,york1 showing ,trinity ,church spire4 ,the border is a rose pattern4 ,on the back is the mark 8,view of ,new ,york from ,brooklyn ,heights by 7or for71 ,wm4 ,c4 ,wall ,esq40 ,also the impressed mark of 8,stevenson ,warranted40 ,a plate with this print is in the rooms of the ,long ,island ,historical ,society1 in ,brooklyn4 #bji4 ,new ,york4 ,jackson4 ,a view of ,castle ,garden1 with a tree to the right1 printed in brown4 ,marked 8,jackson's ,ware40 #baj4 ,new ,york4 ,scudder's ,museum4 ,richard ,stevenson 7874 ,a dark blue plate with a design in the centre of the plate of a house with the sign 8,american ,museum10 and a garden in front4 ,the border is a pretty design of oak leaves4 ,on the back1 in a scroll1 the mark 8,scudder's ,american ,museum ,r4 ,s40 ,this museum stood in a garden on the corner of ,broadway1 where now is the great ,new ,york ,herald building4 ,it was a famous place of amusement in its day1 and afterward passed into the possession of ,p4 ,t4 ,barnum2 there he laid the foundation of his fame and fortune4 #baa4 ,new ,york4 ,city ,hall4 ,jackson4 ,this is a black or brown print with a flower border4 ,in the centre is the ,city ,hall with flag flying from the staff on the roof2 in the foreground a horse and wagon1 men and boys4 ,stamped on the back 8,city ,hall ,new ,york20 and 8,jackson ,warranted40 #bab4 ,new ,york4 ,city ,hall4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,a plate printed in dark blue with a view of the ,new ,york ,city ,hall4 ,in the foreground are large trees and a wondrouslyattired man1 woman1 and child standing facing the building1 to which the man points with his cane4 ,the border is the ugly set medallion border of flowers shown on page #cai4 ,mark in blue on the back1 8,city ,hall ,new ,york4 ,beauties of ,america4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway40 ,the corner-stone of this building was laid in #ahjc1 and the edifice was completed in #ahab4 ,it stood with the bridewell on the west1 the almshouse behind it1 and the jail on the other side4 ,it cost half a million dollars--a most reasonable expenditure when compared with the twelve million dollars for its neighbor the ,court-,house--and was at that time the handsomest structure in the ,united ,states4 ,the 8three fronts10 as they were called1 are of ,stockbridge marble4 ,it is still standing1 a good example of pure design and style4 ,a very simple way of dating the various ,city ,hall prints is found in the presence in the design of the clock in the cupola2 this was placed in its position in #ahcj4 ,some prints show the dial very distinctly4 ,illustration3 ,city ,hall ,pitcher4 #bac4 ,new ,york4 ,city ,hall4 ,stubbs4 ,same view of ,city ,hall as ,no4 #bab1 but the park in the foreground is intersected with paths and the trees are different4 ,the border is of scrolls1 roses1 and eagles1 shown on page #ced4 ,color1 dark blue4 ,mark on back1 8,city ,hall ,new ,york40 ,this view is taken1 ,i think1 from a drawing by ,w4 ,g4 ,wall1 which was published ,december #bj1 #ahbf4 #bad4 ,new ,york4 ,city ,hall4 ,same view of ,city ,hall as ,no4 #bac1 with no trees in the foreground4 ,oak leaf border with outer edge of white4 ,color dark blue4 ,probably by ,stevenson4 ,a pitcher bearing this view is here shown4 #bae4 ,new ,york4 ,fort ,gansevoort4 ,printed in dark blue on various pieces of a dinner service4 ,a view of the fort with water and sloop in foreground4 ,a confused leaf border4 ,the pieces ,i have seen bore no maker's mark4 #baf4 ,new ,york4 ,almshouse4 ,j4 ,a view printed in dark blue of the ugly ,almshouse on ,blackwell's ,island4 ,one of the ,beauties of ,america set1 with same marks and border as shown on page #cai4 #bag4 ,new ,york4 ,battery4 ,a view of the ,battery in common black print4 #bah4 ,new ,york4 ,city ,hotel4 ,r4 ,s4 ,w4 ,a plate printed in dark blue1 with a view looking down ,broadway1 and including ,trinity ,church4 ,in the foreground1 in the middle of ,broadway1 in front of a hotel1 a man is sawing wood on an old-fashioned saw-buck4 ,the clear oak leaf and acorn border1 and scroll mark on back1 with ,r4 ,s4 ,w41 as in ,no4 #bai4 #bai4 ,new ,york4 ,park ,theatre4 ,r4 ,s4 ,w4 ,illustration3 ,park ,theatre ,plate4 ,a view of the ,park ,theatre1 including the lower end of ,city ,hall ,park with its ancient brick posts1 where now stands the ,post-office4 ,in the distance the spire of the ,old ,brick ,church1 where ,dr4 ,spring preached4 ,a clear oak leaf and acorn border1 and scroll and leaf mark1 with initials ,r4 ,s4 ,w4 ,a plate is here shown4 ,the first ,park ,theatre was built in #agig4 ,it stood in ,park ,row1 about two hundred feet from ,ann ,street4 ,it was opened on ,january #bi1 #agih1 the first play being 8,as ,you ,like ,it20 #a1bcb were taken in at the first performance4 ,in ,may1 #ahbj1 it was burned to the ground4 ,in #ahba it was rebuilt1 and opened with 8,wives as they ,were and ,maids as they ,are40 ,it was burnt on ,december #af1 #ahdh4 ,an original water-color drawing of the interior is in the rooms of the ,new ,york ,historical ,society1 with a key to the members of the audience1 for the figures are portraits4 ,many of the men are sitting with their hats on4 ,in this theatre appeared ,thomas ,a4 ,cooper1 ,charles ,mathews1 the ,keans1 ,charles and ,fanny ,kemble1 ,malibran1 ,celeste1 ,fanny ,ellsler1 ,madame ,vestris1 ,clara ,fisher1 ,julia ,wheatley1 ,master ,burke1 the ,ravels1 ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,wood1 ,charlotte ,watson1 ,charlotte ,cushman1 ,ellen ,tree1 ,taglioni--what prettier memento of the old ,new ,york stage can there be than the old ,park ,theatre plate8 #bbj4 ,niagara4 ,a view of ,niagara ,falls in a pink print on small plate4 #bba4 ,niagara4 ,print in medium shade of blue4 ,a large house and trees in foreground and diminutive semi-circular waterfall in background4 ,on back the stamp 8,niagara40 #bbb4 ,niagara4 ,table ,rock4 ,this beautiful dark blue plate has the rich shell border of ,wood1 though it does not bear his impressed mark1 and has only the stamp with eagle and motto 8,e ,pluribus ,unum0 and words 8,table ,rock ,niagara40 ,the view is taken from the foot of ,table ,rock looking upward1 and is very artistic4 ,entire dinner services bearing this design were exported to ,america4 ,park ,theatre4 ,new ,york4 ,see ,no4 #bai4 ,passaic ,falls4 ,trenton4 ,see ,no4 #bef4 #bbc4 ,peace and ,plenty4 ,clews4 ,a medium blue plate decorated with border of fruit and flowers4 ,in centre1 a ,roman husbandman crowned with grain and surrounded by sheaves of wheat2 in his right hand a sickle1 and in his left a basket of fruit2 by his side a shield with the ,american eagle and the motto 8,peace and ,plenty40 ,made by ,clews4 ,two plates bearing this design sold at the ,governor ,lyon sale for three dollars each4 ,penn1 ,wm4 ,treaty with ,indians4 ,see ,no4 #bfg4 #bbd4 ,pennsylvania4 ,arms of4 ,t4 ,mayer4 ,a very spirited and beautiful rendering of the arms of this ,state1 printed in dark blue on platters and plates1 with border and marks like ,no4 #aij4 ,marks fully described on page4 #bbe4 ,pennsylvania ,hospital4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,in dark blue1 marked 8,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,beauties of ,america40 ,border shown on page #cai4 #bbf4 ,philadelphia4 ,view4 ,this print is in dark blue upon a plate six inches in diameter4 ,the border is a confused scroll with roses4 ,the spires of two churches are seen1 and in the foreground is a wharf with a derrick1 and a sloop alongside4 ,some of the plates have upon the back the stamp 8,view of the city of ,philadelphia40 ,also the impressed stamp of a star like the ,worcester mark4 #bbg4 ,philadelphia4 ,fairmount ,park4 ,stubbs4 ,a view of ,fairmount1 with a large tree in the foreground1 and a man and woman in the dress of the early part of the century4 ,on the opposite and further shore of the lake are two of the handsome dwelling-houses which stood there at that time4 ,the border is the handsome design of scroll1 roses1 and eagles4 ,the medallion stamp on back 8,fairmount near ,philadelphia40 ,impressed mark1 ,stubbs4 ,a plate with this design is here shown4 #bbh4 ,philadelphia4 ,upper ,bridge4 ,stubbs4 ,this is one of the four ,fairmount ,park views4 ,it bears on the back the impress and the oval blue stamp 8,upper ,bridge over ,river ,schuylkill40 ,the border is the same as shown on page #cfd4 ,on the left of the foreground of the view is a large tree1 and under it is a group of persons1 one of whom is sketching4 ,at the left is an old covered ,pennsylvania wagon with six horses4 ,the view of the ferry bridge is clear and good1 and the color is a good blue1 though not rich and dark4 ,impressed stamp on some specimens1 ,stubbs4 ,illustration3 ,fairmount ,park ,plate4 #bbi4 ,philadelphia4 ,library4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,plate printed in dark blue with set medallion border4 ,in the centre a view of the ,library at ,philadelphia4 ,mark on the back1 8,philadelphia ,library4 ,beauties of ,america4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway40 ,one of these plates is shown on page #cai4 #bcj4 ,philadelphia4 ,stoughton ,church4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,plate printed in dark blue with set medallion border shown on page #cai4 ,in the centre a view of the old church which stood on ,filbert ,street above ,eighth4 ,the church looks like an old ,grecian building4 ,mark on the back1 8,stoughton ,church4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway1 ,beauties of ,america40 #bca4 ,philadelphia4 ,girard's ,bank4 ,jackson4 ,a view1 printed in pink or black1 of ,girard's ,bank4 ,mark on back1 8,jacksons ,warranted40 #bcb4 ,philadelphia4 ,united ,states ,hotel4 ,a view of the hotel in rich dark blue1 with a border composed chiefly of the foliage of two trees standing at the right and left and meeting overhead4 #bcc4 ,philadelphia4 ,woodlands4 ,stubbs4 ,view of a low building like a lodge and landscape in dark blue4 ,scroll1 eagle1 and rose border shown on page #cfd4 ,stamp on back1 8,woodlands near ,philadelphia40 #bcd4 ,philadelphia4 ,washington ,church4 #bce4 ,philadelphia4 ,race ,street ,bridge4 ,jackson4 ,print in black1 brown1 or pink1 marked on back with name of view and 8,jacksons ,warranted40 #bcf4 ,philadelphia4 ,race ,street ,bridge4 ,stubbs4 ,eagle1 rose1 and scroll border like ,no4 #bbe4 ,impressed mark1 8,stubbs40 #bcg4 ,philadelphia4 ,waterworks4 ,r4 ,s4 ,w4 ,low building with dome in centre of the plate1 fountain at right1 and trees1 fence1 and an old-time covered emigrant wagon in foreground4 ,distinct oak leaf and acorn border1 like ,no4 #ahj4 ,clear dark blue in color4 ,mark on back in scroll with leaves1 8,philadelphia ,waterworks4 ,r4 ,s4 ,w40 #bch4 ,philadelphia4 ,waterworks4 ,jackson4 ,same view as ,no4 #bcg1 but smaller1 and printed in black4 ,mark on back1 8,jacksons ,warranted40 #bci4 ,philadelphia4 ,bank of the ,united ,states4 ,stubbs4 ,a plate in dark blue with street and buildings in the centre4 ,eagle1 rose1 and scroll border shown on page #cfd4 ,this is the bank which was in #ahcc forced into bankruptcy by ,president ,andrew ,jackson4 #bdj4 ,pilgrims4 ,enoch ,wood ,sons4 ,illustration3 ,pilgrim ,plate4 ,this ,plymouth ,rock decoration is found on plates and pitchers1 and the pieces are perhaps more highly prized than any other historical ,staffordshire wares1 especially by all descendants from and lovers of the ,pilgrims4 ,the print is clear and good1 though the blue color is not very dark4 ,in the centre of the plate is a print representing a 8rock-bound coast0 with the ,mayflower and a small boat overfilled with ,pilgrim ,fathers landing on ,plymouth ,rock1 upon which are inscribed the names ,carver1 ,bradford1 ,winslow1 ,brewster1 ,standish4 ,two ,indians are also perched on the rock4 ,above this print is the small-lettered inscription 8,the ,landing of the ,fathers at ,plymouth1 ,dec4 #bb1 #afbj40 ,the border consists of a handsome design of eagles and scrolls1 broken by four medallions or shields4 ,the upper one contains the words 8,america ,independent1 ,july #d1 #aggf20 the lower the words1 8,washington born #agcb1 died #agii20 on the right a little view of two full-rigged ships with names ,enterprise and ,boxer 7872 on the left a part of the print on ,no4 #abh--;a steamer1 rock1 and eagle4 ,on the back is the blue stamp 8,enoch ,wood ,sons ,burslem40 ,one of these plates is here shown4 ,in spite of the presence of the steamship1 the name of ,washington1 and the date #agii1 ,i have been gravely informed by country owners that these plates were two hundred years old1 and once even that they 8came over in the ,mayflower40 ,we have often been told that the plates were 8made for the dinner at the laying of the corner-stone of ,bunker ,hill ,monument1 in #ahbd1 when ,daniel ,webster spoke40 ,this account was obviously improbable1 since nothing in the design on the plate bore reference to that occasion1 and the probability seemed equally clear that the celebration was instead the bicentennial celebration of the ,landing of the ,pilgrims1 which was held in ,plymouth in #ahbj1 and at which ,webster1 clad in silk gown and satin small-clothes1 made the address which laid the foundation of his reputation as an orator4 ,i was glad to receive confirmation of my belief from ,mr4 ,t4 ,b4 ,drew1 ,librarian of ,plymouth ,hall1 at ,plymouth4 ,he says1 8,the ,pilgrim plates you refer to were made in ,england by order of ,john ,blaney ,bates1 a well-known contractor and builder of his day1 who in #ahbj was building the ,plymouth ,county ,court-,house4 ,he had it so nearly completed that the dinner of the celebration was provided in that building4 ,it was1 as you say1 the bicentennial of the ,landing of the ,pilgrims1 but often termed by us the ,webster celebration1 on account of ,daniel ,webster being the orator of the day4 ,there were two sizes of pitchers and two of plates1 and one of the plates has on the rock the names as you describe4 ,after the dinner the wares were sold either at auction or private sale1 and the different pieces became distributed quite widely through ,new ,england4 ,i know of no publication that gives any account of what ,i have been telling you1 but the facts were well known and have been told by aged people who remember the circumstances40 ,to this information ,i can add in one respect4 ,there are six sizes of plates1 one being deep like a soup-plate4 ,an old lady still living in ,plymouth1 asserts that while the plates were furnished by ,mr4 ,bates1 her husband1 seeing their popularity and ready sale1 ordered the pitchers1 as she remembers1 from ,holland4 ,as the print on the pitchers varies from that on the plates1 being encircled also by a narrow ribbon scroll with the words 8,the ,landing of the ,fathers10 and as the former do not bear the stamp of ,enoch ,wood of ,burslem1 this reminiscence is probably correct1 except possibly the point that the pitchers came from ,holland4 ,these plates are usually found one in a family1 but from one household1 near ,worcester1 ,mass41 were purchased by a china hunter eight tea-plates1 and from another family two soup-plates1 four tea-plates1 seven saucers1 and ten 8cup-plates40 ,by cup-plates ,i mean the little flat saucers in which our grandmothers set their teacups when they poured the tea in the deep saucers to cool4 ,pine ,orchard ,house4 ,see ,no4 #afj4 #bda4 ,pittsburg ,penitentiary4 ,this is upon large and small platters and plates in purplish pink1 blue1 brown1 and black prints4 ,the ware is stone-ware of good quality4 ,the border is a pretty scroll-work design with roses and other flowers and eagles4 ,the edges are slightly scalloped4 ,this ,pittsburg plate has a clear unperspectived drawing of the ,penitentiary1 with high hills at the background4 ,stiff little houses and trees are scattered around4 ,in the foreground a man in knee-breeches is holding a horse which is harnessed to a chaise4 ,the building in this print is the ,western ,penitentiary of ,pennsylvania1 at ,alleghany ,city4 ,it is an enormous stone building of ancient ,norman style of architecture1 that was built in #ahbg4 #bdb4 ,pittsburg4 ,print in pale blue1 brown1 or black of a view of ,pittsburg1 with the ,iron ,mountain in the background and two large steamers1 named respectively 8,home0 and 8,pennsylvania0 in the foreground4 ,mark on the back1 8,picturesque ,views1 ,pittsburg40 #bdc4 ,pittsfield4 ,clews4 ,a winter view of the town common at ,pittsfield1 ,mass41 with the church and other public buildings4 ,in the foreground an elliptical enclosure with a skeleton elm-tree1 intended to represent the famous great ,pittsfield ,elm4 ,the author of 8,the ,china ,hunters' ,club0 quotes from a newspaper of #ahfd1 that the trunk of this tree was made into bowls and other relics1 and that 8about #ahbe ,mr4 ,allen1 a merchant of ,pittsfield1 had a view of the elm and park1 as they then appeared1 taken and sent to ,england1 where it was reproduced on blue crockery ware40 ,as the fence which appears in the view on the plate was not placed around the elm until #ahbe1 this date is probably correct4 ,before that the tree had been entirely unprotected2 it was sadly nibbled by the farm horses that were frequently hitched to the iron staples that were driven into its trunk4 ,when the elm fell in #ahfa1 a great number of these staples were found imbedded in the wood4 ,the design of the church appears in four medallions in the border of the plate4 ,it is marked 8,clews0 and the name 8,winter ,view of ,pittsfield ,mass40 ,i have also seen this same view with a vine-leaf border4 ,plymouth ,landing4 ,see ,no4 #bdj4 #bdd4 ,quebec4 ,dark blue print of view of the heights at ,quebec4 ,mark on back in blue scroll 8,quebec10 also the impressed stamp of a ,greek cross4 #bde4 ,quebec4 ,falls of ,montmorency4 ,dark blue view of the ,falls1 with a shell border4 ,stamp on the back 8,falls of ,montmorenci near ,quebec40 ,this and the previous number are the only views of ,canadian scenery that ,i have ever seen on old ,staffordshire plates4 ,persons who have gathered china in ,canada tell me that they have found no other views there4 #bdf4 ,rhode ,island4 ,arms of ,state4 ,t4 ,mayer4 ,dark blue print marked 8,t4 ,mayer ,stone ,staffordshire40 ,same border as ,no4 #aib4 ,marks fully described on page #cbd4 #bdg4 ,richmond1 ,va4 ,college4 ,view of college printed in light blue4 #bdh4 ,savannah4 ,bank4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,view of the ,bank at ,savannah4 ,it has the same set medallion border shown on page #cai4 ,mark on back 8,bank1 ,savannah1 ,beauties of ,america4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway40 ,scudder's ,museum4 ,new ,york4 ,see ,no4 #baj4 #bdi4 ,south ,carolina4 ,a plate with a palmetto-tree in the centre1 and a ship in the distance1 on either side a flag4 ,a shield with the date ,july #dth and the motto of the ,state of ,south ,carolina4 ,flower border like plates of ,e4 ,wood ,sons4 #bej4 ,south ,carolina4 ,arms of ,state4 ,t4 ,mayer4 ,dark blue plate4 ,marked 8,stone ,staffordshire ,t4 ,mayer40 ,same marks and border as ,no4 #aib1 and a very clear rendering of the ,state arms4 #bea4 ,states4 ,clews4 ,this design is the larger plate shown on page #i4 ,it is found on all the pieces of a dinner service1 but ,i have never seen a tea-set4 ,the dinner plates are exceptionally large4 ,the print is in a rich shade of dark blue4 ,in the centre is a medallion of what is said to be the ,white ,house1 at ,washington1 with sheep or cattle grazing in foreground4 ,it is supported on one side by a kneeling figure with plumed helmet and bearing a liberty cap--labelled ,independence4 ,on the other side the figure of a woman kneeling on her ankles with the bandage of justice on her eyes1 and ,masonic emblem on her apron4 ,she holds a portrait medallion labelled ,washington4 ,on the pedestal at her ankles1 the word 8,america40 ,the border is of flowers and a scroll with names of fifteen ,states1 and with fifteen stars4 ,on some pieces these stars are simply crosses4 ,impressed stamp 8,clews ,warranted ,staffordshire40 ,on the larger pieces1 such as tureens1 the centre view is often of an ,english castle--the ,white ,house view not being large enough1 apparently1 to fill the space4 ,some of the platters have in the centre a view of a two-story house1 while in the foreground are two men and a sheet of water with a sloop4 ,this is sometimes called the ,washington ,masonic ,plate4 #beb4 ,steamship4 ,a dark blue print of a side-wheel steamship1 bark rigged1 under full sail1 and flying the ,american flag4 ,impressed mark of 8,e4 ,woods ,sons40 ,this may commemorate the ,savannah1 the first steamer to cross the ,atlantic1 in #ahai4 ,stevens ,mansion4 ,see ,no4 #ahb4 ,stoughton ,church4 ,see ,no4 #bbh4 ,table ,rock4 ,niagara4 ,see ,no4 #bbb4 #bec4 ,temperance ,plate4 ,this curious and finely printed plate is very rare4 ,it is made of a soft yellowish paste1 and the decoration is printed in black4 ,the edges are slightly scalloped and have a little line of black4 ,in the centre of the plate is a shield supported by the figures of a man and woman2 the man bearing a banner inscribed with the word 8,sobriety10 and the woman a similar banner with the words 8,domestic ,comfort40 ,by the side of the man is a small figure of a boy seated reading2 on the opposite side that of a girl sewing4 ,the shield is surmounted by a crest--an oak-tree--and above that a scroll containing the motto 8,firm as an ,oak40 ,below the shield are clouds and two shelves of vases and jars of antique shapes2 and beneath all a scroll with the motto 8,temperance1 ,sobriety40 ,the shield is divided by perpendicular lines and transverse bars4 ,in the spaces thus formed are designs4 ,that of a beehive has on the bar beneath it the word 8,industry20 that of a farmer working in a field1 the word 8,health20 that of a sailor1 the word 8,freedom20 that of a pile of money1 the word 8,wealth20 that of a cornucopia1 the word 8,plenty20 that of a snake1 the word 8,wisdom20 in the lower space are an open ,bible and the letters ,i4,h4,s4 ,there is no stamp or mark on the back4 ,it is probably a ,masonic design1 but is called the 8,temperance ,plate40 #bed4 ,texas4 ,j4 ,b4 ,english stone-ware with blue or pink prints4 ,trophies of war in the corners1 and on the sides symbolical figures of ,peace and ,plenty4 ,in the centre1 a fight between ,texans and ,mexicans1 marked 8,gen4 ,taylor in ,texas40 ,it was doubtless printed to commemorate the ,independence of ,texas4 ,marked on the back with initials ,j4 ,b4 ,a large platter bearing this design sold in the ,governor ,lyon sale1 in #ahgf1 for #g4ej4 #bee4 ,texan ,campaign4 ,plates with a small1 poor print in sepia green1 red1 or black1 of a scene with troop of soldiers with mounted commander4 ,border1 a scroll with trophies of arms and flags4 ,stamp on the back 8,texan ,campaign40 ,transylvania ,university4 ,see ,no4 #ahi et seq4 #bef4 ,trenton ,falls4 ,this plate is eight inches in diameter1 of a rich dark blue4 ,the handsome shell border indicates it to be one of ,clews manufacture 7as ,mr4 ,prime asserts72 the impressed stamp on the back cannot be deciphered4 ,the view in the centre of the plate is a pretty group of pine-trees with the ,passaic ,falls in the middle4 ,on the back is a blue stamp of an eagle with the scroll and the words 8,e ,pluribus ,unum10 and the name 8,view of ,trenton ,falls40 #beg4 ,troy4 ,clews4 ,a view of ,troy1 ,n4 ,y41 from ,mount ,ida1 marked ,clews4 ,union ,line4 ,steamboat4 ,see ,no4 #ahd4 ,united ,states ,bank4 ,see ,no4 #bci4 ,united ,states ,hotel4 ,see ,no4 #bcb4 ,utica4 ,see ,no4 #afg4 ,virginia4 ,natural ,bridge4 ,see ,no4 #bja4 ,virginia4 ,see ,no4 #aih4 #beh4 ,virginia4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,print in black or brown with floral border4 ,in centre a landscape view4 ,mark on back 8,virginia4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway40 ,the house bears a close resemblance to ,arlington ,house4 ,wadsworth ,tower4 ,see ,no4 #agf4 ,washington's ,headquarters4 ,see ,no4 #bjc4 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,view of4 ,see ,no4 #aig4 #bei4 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,capitol4 ,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,a view of the ,capitol in dark blue with man and woman on horseback in the foreground4 ,medallion border shown on page #cai4 ,marked 8,j4 ,w4 ,ridgway4 ,beauties of ,america4 ,capitol ,washington40 ,this appears usually on large platters4 #bfj4 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,capitol4 ,r4 ,s4 ,w4 ,illustration3 ,capitol ,plate4 ,a very beautiful dark blue plate with slightly scalloped edge1 with view of the ,capitol1 large tree in foreground4 ,a vine-leaf border4 ,mark on back in shield 8,capitol ,washington4 ,r4 ,s4 4 ,w40 ,one is shown here4 #bfa4 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,capitol4 ,stevenson4 ,dark blue print of same view4 ,vine-leaf border and white fluted edge4 ,impressed mark1 ,stevenson4 #bfb4 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,capitol4 ,e4 ,wood ,sons4 ,dark blue plate with view of the ,capitol4 ,confused shell border4 ,mark 8,e4 ,wood ,warranted ,staffordshire40 #bfc4 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,white ,house4 ,jackson4 ,this is a view of the ,executive ,mansion at ,washington1 with garden to the left and a group of figures to the right4 ,it is printed in black and marked 8,jackson40 #bfd4 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,white ,house4 ,another view printed in black of the ,white ,house4 ,scalloped edges and wide ornate border4 ,marked on the back 8,white ,house ,washington40 #bfe4 ,washington1 ,d4 ,c4 ,white ,house4 ,jackson4 ,pink and white printed plate marked on the back 8,presidents ,house ,washington10 and mark 8,jacksons ,warranted40 ,same border as ,no4 4 ,white ,house4 ,washington4 ,states4 ,see ,no4 #bea4 #bff4 ,west ,point4 ,clews4 ,view of ,west ,point1 with river and steamboat and row-boat4 ,mark on back 8,picturesque ,views4 ,west ,point ,hudson ,river10 also impressed mark 8,warranted ,clews ,staffordshire40 #bfg4 ,william ,penn4 ,treaty with ,indians4 ,jackson4 ,print in black or brown on dinner service of a view with ,william ,penn1 in ,quaker garb1 talking with an ,indian chief4 ,at their feet a box of treasure1 including a string of beads which an ,indian woman is examining4 ,border a stencil design4 ,woodlands4 ,see ,no4 #bcc4 ,,xviii4 ,,china ,,memories ,what fancies we weave1 what dreams we dream over a piece of homely old china6 ,every cup1 every jar in our china ingatherings1 has the charm of fantasy1 visions of past life and beauty1 though only imagined4 ,i like to think that the china ,i love has been warmly loved before--has been made a cherished companion1 been tenderly handled ere ,i took it to be my companion and to care for it4 ,it is much the same friendly affection that ,i feel for an old well-read1 half-worn book2 the unknown hands through which it has passed1 the unseen eyes that have gazed on it1 have endeared it to me4 ,this imagined charm exists in china if it be old1 though we know not a word of its past1 save that it has a past and is not fresh from the potter's wheel and the kiln4 ,the very haze of uncertainty is favorable to the fancies of a dreamer2 ,i summon past owners from that shadowy hiding-place2 weave romances out of that cloud2 build past dwelling-houses more quaint1 more romantic than any in whose windows ,i have gazed1 whose threshold ,i have trodden in my real china hunting4 ,victor ,cousin says3 8,if beauty absent and dreamed of does not affect you more than beauty present1 you may have a thousand other gifts1 but not that of imagination40 ,if you have no imagination you may have none of these china dreams--these 8children of an idle brain10 but you still may have china memories4 ,fair country sights does my old china bring to my eyes2 soft country sounds does it bring to my ears1 the sound of buzzing bees1 of rustling branches1 8the liquid lapse of murmuring streams10 of rippling brooks where we dipped the old blue crockery mugs and cups the day we found them1 and drank the pure but sun-warmed water4 ,when ,i look at this queen's-ware creamer1 ,i hear the sweet1 clear1 ear-thrilling notes of the meadow-lark1 8in notes by distance made more sweet0--who sang outside of the farm-house where ,i first saw the dainty shell of china4 ,sweet scents1 too1 does the old china bear4 ,when ,i found that old yellow ,wedgwood dish in the country tavern1 it was filled with tiny fragrant wild strawberries--,i smell1 nay1 ,i taste them still4 ,that flaring-topped vase was full of sweet white honeysuckle when ,i espied it in a farm-house window--,i carried away the scent of the honeysuckle when ,i bought the vase4 ,this old mottled stone-ware jug1 with the hound handle1 stood in the deep shade of a stone wall by the side of a sunny hay-field when first it met my view4 ,it was filled with honest home-brewed beer for the hay-makers4 ,we sat fuming and sizzling in the hot sun1 watching them spread and turn the fragrant hay until the beer had all been drunk 7and we did not have to wait long71 and we bore the jug off in triumph1 breathing to us forever the scent of new-mown hay with1 to speak truthfully1 a slight tinge of stale beer4 ,a halo of 8sweet ,sabean odors0 fairly envelops all family china4 ,in those blue and white ,canton sugar-bowls1 and in that great jar with the red lacquered cover1 my grandmother kept her fragrant spiced rose-leaves--there are rose-leaves in them now4 ,in that tall pitcher she always placed the first lilac and cherry blooms--and lo6 as ,i look at the poor cracked thing1 8sweet is the air with budding haws and white with blossoming cherry-trees40 ,more prosaic and homely1 but equally memory-sweet1 what a penetrating aroma of strong green tea rises out of that copper-lustre teapot6 ,what a burnt and bitter1 but wholly good-smelling steam arises from that old flip-mug1 the steam from many a quart of flip brewed from ,new ,england rum1 and home-made beer1 stirred with the red-hot iron loggerhead4 ,illustration3 ,crown ,derby ,plate4 ,like ,charles ,lamb1 ,i was born china-loving4 8,i am not conscious of a time when china jars and saucers were introduced into my imagination40 ,when ,i was a little child the dearest treasures of my doll's house were a small cup-plate of purest porcelain1 delicately bordered with a diagonal design of tiny berries and spike-shaped bachelor's buttons and fine lines of gold1 and a nicked ,india china tea-caddy1 cork-stoppered1 and filled with precious rose-water--rose-water of my grandmother's own make1 distilled in the old rose-water still that stood1 when unused1 a cumbrous and mysterious machine under the dusty eaves of the garret4 ,i suspect that still had been employed in early colonial days to manufacture a less innocuous liquid than rose-water1 but now only the petals of the ,queen of the ,prairie1 the sweet-brier1 the cinnamon roses1 went into its innocent limbec2 and its sweet-scented product was intensified by the contents of one of the long1 thin1 gilt glass bottles of ottar of roses that my great-uncle1 ,captain ,royal1 who 8followed the sea10 brought home in such vast numbers from ,china4 ,one day there poured out from the door of my doll's house a penetrating fragrance of roses2 ,i peered within--the keen anguish of that moment fills me even now2 the tea-caddy had fallen--nay1 had been knocked on my precious little plate1 and both were broken4 ,there on her back1 drenched with my cherished rose-water1 lay the iconoclast1 my miserable maltese kitten1 in mischief still1 pulling down with her sharp1 wicked claws my proudest masterpiece1 a miniature chandelier of wire and glass beads over which ,i had spent many a weary hour4 ,i burst into a loud wail of hopeless despair2 the bedraggled kitten rushed frightened from my side1 shedding odors of ,araby as she bounded away1 8,an amber scent of odorous perfume ,her harbinger40 ,ah6 never again1 even at sight of housemaids' broken spoils1 have ,i felt such heart-breaking grief4 ,to this day1 when ,i look back at the plate here shown and the little coffee-cans of the blue ,tournay sprigged set which ,i now know to be ,crown ,derby1 and to have been bought by ,uncle ,royal in a sudden streak of extravagance 7perhaps he1 too1 was china-mad72 to this day ,i grieve for their companion1 the little broken cup-plate1 and again ,i smell the sweet1 cloying fragrance of rose-water4 ,these old dark blue plates also tell a tale4 ,they are known to us as 8the doctor's pie-plates10 not from the comical figure of ,dr4 ,syntax with which they are decorated1 but so called in derision4 ,an old ,new ,england physician1 a pie-hater1 stole1 one ,thanksgiving eve1 twenty-eight carefully made pies that his patient wife and daughters had provided for his ,thanksgiving guests4 ,he rose stealthily in the dead of night1 threw lemon and apple1 quince and cranberry1 mince and 8,marlborough0 pies to the pigs1 and hid the blue pie-plates in an old rat-nibbled1 cobweb-filled1 musty1 dusty coach that had stood for half a century in his carriagehouse1 and in which his ,english grandmother had journeyed in state throughout ,new ,england4 ,thirty years later1 after his death1 at the destruction of the old coach1 these hidden pie-plates were found by his descendants4 ,they are therefore not simply 8good pieces of blue10 they are ceramic monuments of the household tyranny of man4 ,shall ,i ever forget my first view of my largest and choicest ,washington pitcher8 ,it stood filled with dried grasses and pressed and varnished autumn leaves1 and painfully covered with an ignominious shell of decalcomanie and scrap-book pictures1 on a table in a lonely lighthouse4 ,only by its shape did we know it1 the old watermelon shape of ,liverpool ware4 ,not a vestige of its early decoration could be seen1 but we bought it as a hazard of fortune4 ,oh1 the delight ,i felt when ,i reached home and scraped off ,pauline ,hall's smirking and high-colored countenance1 and saw with a thrill of friendly recognition the black-lined face of my own solemn and immaculate ,washington surmounting her full-blown1 rosy shoulders and scarlet and gold bodice4 ,never do ,i look at my fully restored pitcher but ,i see him again1 as then1 with his dignified head turned very much aside1 as if sadly shocked at the position and dress he found himself in4 ,the clear blue letters on these old ,delft apothecary jars speak not to me of the drugs and syrups1 of the lohocks and electuaries that were contained within them in olden times2 they are abbreviations of various ,biblical proverbs1 such as 8,every fool will be meddling10 and 8,let him that thinketh he standeth take heed lest he fall40 ,the little1 ill-drawn blue cherubs that decorate these jars seem always to wink and smirk maliciously at me1 and to hold their fat sides as though they were thinking of the first time they gazed at me and jeered at me out of the window of the gray old farm-house in ,narragansett1 as ,i stood entrapped by the sudden crushing in of a peaked-roofed hen-house upon which ,i had climbed to peer within a window at the hidden ,delft treasures4 ,there ,i stood on broken eggs and piercing splinters for one hour1 with only distracted hens and scarcely less distracted thoughts for company1 until the owner of hen-house and ,delft jars returned and kindly chopped me out of my absurd and well-deserved stocks4 ,severe and unceasing monitors are my old apothecary jars4 ,illustration ,illustration3 ,delft ,apothecary ,jars4 ,when ,i stick gillyflowers and clove-pinks in the pierced tops of these three-legged ,india china 8posy-holders10 ,i am1 like ,marjorie ,fleming1 8all primmed up with ,majestick ,pride0--the honest pride of a successful china-finder who has snatched her prize from before the very face of a dozen other collectors4 ,these 8posy-holders0 stood for forty years on the high-towering mantel-tree of a country parlor1 a parlor that was viewed yearly by scores of inquisitive and curiosity-seeking summer visitors1 visitors too dull-visioned to recognize these china treasures4 ,perhaps the high-shelved station of the china1 a foot only from the ceiling1 helped to hide them4 ,perhaps the gruesome row of oval silvered disks that stood in their company1 tarnished coffin-plates bearing the names of past and dead dwellers in that home1 may have chilled and repelled investigation4 ,perhaps the scarlet1 blue1 and gold dragons and shrimps on the posy-holders were dulled by the greater glories of their surroundings1 for this parlor shone resplendent with glowing color4 ,the walls had been painted by a travelling artist in the early part of this century1 and lavish was his fancy and his sense of color4 ,above the high black mantel-shelf a yellow ochre sun threw his rays over vermillion and purple clouds4 ,these rays of light were gilded and curved in various directions1 and gave ,phbus the appearance of a good-tempered1 smiling octopus1 withal somewhat intoxicated4 ,at either side of the fireplace sprung a great palm-tree that bore at the base of a spreading cluster of leaves luscious bunches of great hanging pineapples4 ,around one tree a frightful serpent coiled1 his striped folds most beautifully diversified with gilded spots4 ,behind the other tree lurked a crouching tiger4 ,on the plastered wall were painted two portraits with fine simulated gold frames1 apparently held in place by heavy cord and tassels2 one was of ,george ,washington1 the other the past owner of all these glories4 ,it was curious to see the marked and comic likeness a fair young daughter of the house1 the village school-mistress1 bore to the hard-faced1 non-perspectived old daub of a grandfather on the wall2 had you dressed her in a brass-buttoned blue coat and a high stock1 she would have been far more like the portrait than most portraits are like their originals4 ,one large space was decorated with a full-passengered coach with four prancing horses2 the other bore a marine view--fierce waves1 and a strangely rigged brig1 with gilded cannon1 and fine flags and pennants all blowing stiffly against the wind that filled the sails4 ,a steamboat1 too1 sailed these waters blue--the greatest triumph of the painter's art4 ,robert ,fulton's invention was in its infancy when this steamboat was evolved1 and it was plainly constructed from the artist's imagination4 ,the cranky hull bore two brick chimneys2 it rested on crossbars like a wagon1 and had four great wheels that sat well up out of the water4 ,the floor of this room was painted a dull drab color1 and in brilliant yellow was displayed a diagram of the solar system1 planets1 moons1 and orbits1 sadly worn and defaced1 however1 by the footsteps of three generations of ,new ,englanders4 ,do you wonder that the china posy-holders were overlooked in all this blaze of glory8 ,i recount the gaudy decorations with grateful praise4 ,through them my treasures stood1 ever 8eye-sweet and fair10 but unnoticed1 for years1 humbly awaiting my china-loving and china-spying vision4 ,these dainty egg-shell cups and saucers have also their memory1 their lesson--a word softly spoken but clear2 they were once owned by two silver-haired 8antient maides0 of ,chippendale elegance and ,pilgrim blood1 who lived under the moss-covered1 decaying rooftree of a pallid1 gaunt1 old colonial home in ,new ,england4 ,these 8last leaves on the tree0 kept their dainty1 shallow1 apse-shaped china closets in a state of snowy purity1 of precise and unvarying order1 of unspotted contamination1 which might be taken as an emblem of their narrow1 pure1 and monotonous lives4 ,no thick1 substantial modern wares1 no gayly painted crockery1 no vessels of common clay1 stood on their well-ordered and softly shining shelves1 just as no modern notions1 no knowledge of the common1 the evil things of life1 had ever entered their simple minds1 had ever shocked their fair souls4 ,fragile1 graceful1 antiquated1 pale in decoration1 were their weakly sprigged1 lavender-bordered1 delicately fluted cups2 looking like their own softly wrinkled faces1 their meagre1 bent figures1 their slender hands4 ,worn was the gilt on the china1 faded was the furniture of their rooms1 as ill-health had worn their gentle spirits4 ,rather scantily filled were their china shelves1 as were thin and few their garments1 as was sparsely filled their larder4 ,deep green shadows fell on the glass doors and white shelves of their china closets from the thick-branched old lilacs that close-screened each small-paned window1 from the dark century-old cedars that overhung their home2 death and loneliness and scanty means had shadowed their lives4 ,my pure1 dignified1 and silent old cousins1 no sweetly-perfumed1 softly-tinted1 strong-growing blossoms of ,new ,england life were you1 but rather the sad1 white1 scentless 8life everlasting0 that waved like summer snow-drifts over your own sterile1 rock-filled fields4 ,these fragile porcelain emblems of your colorless life shall not be carelessly handled and rudely gazed at in their new home1 but1 close-hidden away in an old apple-wood beaufet which once stood beside your virginal china closets1 shall forever teach to me the lesson of contentment1 simplicity1 and resignation which you showed in your gentle lives1 the lesson which through your old china still lives--the lesson of peace and rest4 ,illustration3 ,copper-,lustre ,pitcher4 ,a halo of mysterious ghost-seeing1 an eternal radiance of poesy1 surrounds this copper-lustre pitcher4 ,we found this irradiated pitcher when we went a-spinet-hunting4 ,we found the ghost also1 a tall1 pale1 terrifying apparition1 who stealthily entered our room at midnight as we slept in the old ,pardon tavern1 who mysteriously and quietly carried off our gowns1 but who proved in the cold disillusionizing daylight to be our landlady's daughter1 an amateur dressmaker of unbounded ambition and few resources4 ,and our poet6 we found him also1 a unique and untutored son of the gods1 a rare product of ,new ,england soil4 ,we prosaically hired this ,yankee ,walt ,whitman to drive us to the ,maybee farm--the house which we had been assured held both china and spinet4 ,our dearly-remembered poet was a tall1 wiry ,new ,englander1 whose only visible attire was a moth-eaten fur hat1 a woollen shirt1 a pair of heavy boots1 and faded overalls1 held in place by a single suspender4 ,he looked too thinly clad for the raw spring weather1 but seemed perfectly comfortable and contented in his light clothing4 ,poet-like1 his hair was long4 ,four little wintry curls blew out from under the old hat4 ,we had been warned that he did not call himself a farmer1 but proudly avowed and named himself a poet2 and it was hinted that he was a little 8luny40 ,he had begun his rhyming career with the composition of epitaphs for all the village inhabitants1 both living and dead2 and from thence had advanced to the constant use of rhymes in every-day life and hence had acquired the name of 8,rhyming ,darius40 ,he 8lisped in numbers for the numbers came20 and proudly did he display his ,god-given talent to us prosy city folks4 ,he also combined with his vocation as poet the additional talent of employing intensely legal forms of speech2 for he had at an early period of his life been a witness in some country trespass case1 and had since then always spent a day 8in court10 whenever the rare days of idleness of a ,new ,england farmer would permit4 ,as a result1 he always cross-questioned everyone with whom he had any conversation1 and adopted1 as far as he could remember1 a lawyer's phraseology and legal terms4 ,he had a wily manner of evading questions1 and seldom gave a direct answer2 so between questions and answers we held 8open court0 all the way to the ,maybee farm4 ,our poet also made a strange introduction of the letter 8u0 into words--which use he evidently regarded as something extremely eloquent and scholarly1 but which produced some very astonishing variations in our vernacular speech4 ,he was much excited at the nocturnal abstraction of our gowns and he poured forth a perfect volley of rhymed questions upon the subject to us as he drove1 seated sidewise1 fixing us 8with his glittering eye30 8,why didn't she apply to ye purs-u-nal ,an' ask ye fur the garment8 ,did she retain the artucle ,long enough to bring a warrant8 ,did she take it with malice of forethought ,or unpre-med-ure-tated8 ,did she terrure-fy ye very bad ,a-purloinin' as ye stated8 ,what air ye goin' to do8 ,did her mother know it too8 ,why didn't ye holler out8 ,an' ask her what's she's about80 ,at last1 to stop his flood of inquiry1 we began to question him1 to draw him out about the spinet and china4 8,do you know the ,maybees well80 8,wall--,i may perhaps assert ,and assure-vure-rate ,i do2 ,at any rate ,i know him ,and ,i s'pose ,i know her too40 8,is it an old farm1 and an old house80 8,it ain't so old as some1 ,and it's a little older 'n others4 ,the farm 's older 'n the house2 ,it used to be my brother's40 8,how long have you known them80 8,oh--quite an in-ture-val1 ,but ,i ain't known 'm all my life2 ,i've known him sence ,i was two year old1 ,and a leetle longer his wife40 8,do you know whether they have an old spinet80 8,i'll tell you in a minute ,if you'll tell me what's a spinet80 8,it is like a little old-fashioned piano4 ,have they got such a one8 ,is it old8 ,is it small8 ,describe it to us40 8,they #8ve the funniest thing you ever see2 ,it's just as cur-u-ous as it can be2 ,how to dure-scribe it just beats me2 ,spinet's the name for it down to a ,t4 ,it ain't so big as some pianures1 ,and it ain't so small as othures2 ',tain't so old as some you'd see1 ,and 'tain't so new as it might be2 ,that is all that ,i can say4 ,i heard old ,maybee tell one day ,he'd a mus-ure-cal com-bure-nation ,he'd be glad to sell for a very small sum2 ',twas as old and mean ,as any he'd seen1 ,and he'd like to sell it1 he says1 ,before it drops to pieces40 ,we looked at each other in amazement at this strange specimen of ,yankee humanity--that is1 we did it whenever his gaze was averted long enough to give us any chance to look at each other4 ,we sank back in despair of ever receiving a definite description of the spinet1 and above all of any china--that most indescribable of country possessions4 ,we feebly tried to parry him with some of the skill which he himself displayed1 but failed ignominiously under the scathing sharpness of this 8lawyer0 of thirty years' experience4 ,we finally answered his rhyming questions with as much directness and truth as the chief witness in a murder trial4 ,as we alighted from the wagon and were about to enter the ,maybee door1 ,darius pulled me back by the sleeve and whispered3 8,ye mustn't mind ,miss ,maybee ,if ye find her a leetle cross2 ,she ain't at all e-lab-ure-ate1 ,any more than my old horse4 ,she won't show any man-ures ,when you ask to see her pianure40 ,a sharp-featured young woman advanced to meet us4 ,her hair bore two partings1 an inch apart1 and the middle lock was strained painfully back4 ,her face was curiously mottled with yellow patches which showed plainly that dyspepsia and biliousness had marked her for their own4 ,she looked so sour1 so sharp1 so devoid of 8man-ures0 that we quailed visibly before her keen black eye4 ,what new specimen of humanity had we here8 ,into what world was our ,china and spinet-hunting carrying us8 ,we began the conversation very mildly by saying that we had heard that ,mrs4 ,maybee had some china that she wished to sell4 8,then you've heard a lie10 the acrid voice broke in4 8,but surely we have heard that you have a piano to sell80 8,well1 ,i ain't4 ,i've got a musical combination1 but ,i ain't so awful anxious to sell it40 ,for minutes we stood there1 facing this resentful being1 who showed no desire to have us seat ourselves1 while we pleaded1 we praised1 we cajoled1 we apologized1 and we questioned1 until1 at last1 she allowed us to see her precious spinet4 ,we entered the gloomy 8best room0 where it stood1 gave one glance at it1 and sank on the haircloth sofa4 ,it was a melodeon--a forlorn1 broken-down1 old melodeon--to which some farm-tinker had added an oblong frame strung with catgut and wire strings1 in the apparent hope of forming some instrument of the nature of an olian-harp4 ,tears of disappointment fairly sprang to our eyes2 but the contrast1 the revulsion of feeling1 the sense of the ludicrous1 was so keen1 that we gave way to hysterical laughter2 we could not suppress it4 ,where1 alas6 were our 8manners80 ,i was the first to recover my self-possession4 ,i turned to ,mrs4 ,maybee1 who stood before us speechless with angry astonishment1 and said pacifically3 8,you were very good to let us see it4 ,it is not quite what we expected to find4 ,it is so much newer than an old spinet6 ,i fear my sister could not afford to buy it1 as she has one piano already4 ,it is very curious and very ingenious1 and no doubt you will sell it to someone40 ,we were walking slowly toward the open door in the hope of immediate escape2 but we were not to escape so easily1 not without punishment for our adventurous raid4 ,as we drew back1 ,mrs4 ,maybee advanced2 and it seemed for a while that we should be obliged to buy the old melodeon and take it off with us4 ,but ,i seized upon a diversion1 a godsend1 in the shape of a row of window-plants in the kitchen4 ,one fine geranium flourished in this 8copper-lustre0 pitcher1 which had had a hole knocked in the bottom1 to permit the water to drain out4 ,i immediately began to admire that geranium1 and offered ,mrs4 ,maybee a dollar for the pitcher and plant4 ,this diverted her mind from the unfortunate 8spinet20 and after much sharp talk and bargaining we paid her one dollar and seventy-five cents for the geranium and pitcher1 rushed from her inhospitable door1 and drove away with our poet4 8,the ,true ,story of the ,life1 ,temper1 and ,adventures of ,orvilla ,maybee10 related to us in legal verse by 8,rhyming ,darius0 on our homeward drive1 made us wonder that we escaped unharmed from that ,new ,england vixen4 ,so our broken lustre pitcher was all that we had to carry home with us from our 8spinet hunt40 ,and ,i will close this little tale of ,new ,england experience with a simple statement of the cost of the pitcher and the geranium 7which died when transplanted74 ,two fares to ,pardon and return #d #jj ,bill for supper1 bed1 and breakfast for two #a #ej ,wagon1 poetry1 and legal advice #a #jj ,paid ,mrs4 ,maybee for pitcher #a #ge ---------- ,total cost of pitcher #h #be ,as ,i have since seen a fac-simile of our pitcher 7only whole and unbroken7 in a bric-a-brac shop1 ticketed #b1 we cannot consider the trip financially successful2 though1 truth to tell1 it was far more so than many another expedition we have made4 ,but a golden lustre1 the memory of our legal poet1 englamours forever in our eyes our copper pitcher4 ,when we look at it we hear again the strident voice1 the bizarre pronunciation1 the voluble rhymes of our poet of the soil1 our ,darius1 as he exclaimed in amazement3 8,ye don't hang 'em on the wall1 ,them cracked old kitchen dishes6 ,an' keep a frac-tured pitcher ,as if 't was act-ure-ly precious6 ,they say that city folks ,is mighty extrav-ure-gant1 ,but with such test-ure-mony ,i'm willin' to swear they ain't4 ,there ain't a party in this town ,so stingy an' such a non-com ,as to hang that pitcher on the wall1 ,lookin' 's if 't was jest goin' ter fall1 ,an' the hole showin' in the botturm40 ,many ghosts has our china hunting revealed to us2 the ghosts of the past1 the visions and dreams that never become realities1 the inexorable fate1 the sad kismet of ,new ,england life4 ,such was the story of the house of ,hartington1 a story sadly typical of many ,new ,england homes2 a story which the sight of these little lettered and escutcheoned cups always retells to us4 ,a description had been given to us of an old town with old houses and old people and old china1 and after a gloomy night in a hideous country hotel we started out to find some townsman of whom we could hire a horse and carriage of some or any sort to carry us to ,rindge and ,anthony ,hartington's house--the oldest house of all4 ,a thin1 auburn-haired1 freckle-faced ,yankee1 about twenty-one years old1 answered our questions with the greatest interest1 and finally offered us the use of his own horse and open wagon for the whole day for two dollars4 8,and ,i'll drive fer ye1 too10 he added1 with enthusiasm4 8,ye'd never find old ,hartington's if ye took the hoss yerself1 an' ,i do' #8now as ,i can neither1 without some pretty tall huntin' and questionin'40 ,so off we started on the back seat of an open country 8express wagon0 to find 8old ,hartington's farm40 ,the warm ,october sun streamed down upon us1 the great red and russet rock-broken fields stretched off into the beautiful lonely purple mountain1 8heeding his sky affairs10 the dying brakes and weeds sent forth their sweet nutty autumn fragrance1 the soft yellow and brown leaves fluttered down on us1 and the ripe chestnutburrs fell rustling by our side as we rode through the narrow wood-roads4 ,the hard ,new ,england landscape was softened and ,orientalized by the yellow autumn tints4 ,the half-sad stillness of dying nature and the warmth of the ,indian summer inclined us to ride quietly and thoughtfully along the country roads1 but that neither ,mr4 ,simmons1 nor his new wagon1 nor ,jenny1 his steed1 would for a moment permit4 ,she had the unpleasant habit1 so common among country horses1 of 8slacking-up0 suddenly at the foot of every hill4 ,the wagon was a 8jump-seat10 so the back seat was not fastened in securely4 ,at every hill 7and the ,new ,england hills are countless7 we and the seat were pitched forward on ,mr4 ,simmons's back4 ,he seemed to expect this assault and rather enjoy it4 ,to quite counterbalance this sudden stoppage of progression1 ,jenny would spring forward with much and instantaneous speed whenever she caught sight of ,mr4 ,simmons's short whip4 ,this whip he used as a pointer in his many and diffuse explanations1 so whenever our attention was called to an old house1 or a poor 8run-out0 farm1 or 8the barn old ,white hung himself in10 ,jenny emphasized the explanation with a twitch of our necks that brought into active play muscles little used before4 ,at last the long hill leading to the ,hartington house was reached1 the longest and steepest yet seen4 ,the road was almost unused1 a mere track1 and spoke to our china hunting instincts most favorably of the little intercourse held by the ,hartingtons with the rest of the world4 ,slowly plodded ,jenny over the fringed gentians1 for here the road was full of them1 as open and blue as the ,october sky over our heads4 ,we had never seen this lovely delicate flower growing elsewhere than sparsely by a brookside or in damp ground1 but here1 on this rocky hill-side1 in this poor soil1 it opened its blue eyes in such luxuriance that the road was as full of its azure bloom as in ,september the fields are yellow with goldenrod1 or in ,june white with daisies4 ,as we turned in from the main country road we passed an elderly man with bowed head1 ragged clothes1 slouching gait1 and a general appearance of extreme depression and sadness more marked even than is usual in the carriage of the ,new ,england farmer4 ,as he did not lift his head to look at us1 nor nod with the cordial common country form of recognition1 we did not speak to him1 and he slowly followed us up the hill4 ,the ,hartington house was a mansion1 a brick manor-house4 ,we were met at the great door by a young untidy woman1 whose clear pink-and-white complexion and curly hair could not1 however1 compensate for her lack of good teeth1 several front teeth being missing and the others discolored4 ,this poor care and poor condition of the teeth is most common among ,new ,england women in the country4 ,nearly every woman over thirty years of age will show when speaking two rows of blue-white porcelain disks so evidently false that they hardly seem like teeth1 but look like a 8card0 of cheap buttons4 ,we thought her the daughter of the house2 she proved to be its mistress1 the wife of ,anthony ,hartington4 ,a more desolate1 unhappy1 hopeless home ,i have never seen4 ,the elderly gloomy man1 who now entered1 proved to be ,anthony himself4 ,he spoke but little1 and from the young wife1 who seemed in a feverish state of excitement at our visit1 we learned the forlorn and desolate story of the household4 ,anthony had married early in life and had had nine children1 all of whom1 with his wife1 had died of that fell curse of ,new ,england--consumption4 ,the last child1 a daughter1 ,luriella1 had died in ,june4 ,this young wife had been her school friend and had married the forlorn old man two years ago1 in order to come to live there and nurse her friend through her last illness1 thus giving a touching example of the life-sacrifices and self-abnegations so sadly frequent in ,new ,england country homes4 8,we didn't think she'd live through the winter10 she said1 8but she did1 and died in ,june4 ,i was glad she lived till it was warm4 ,it is so cold here in winter10 she added apologetically4 ,a heavy gloom settled on us as we walked from room to room1 and ,i was additionally overwhelmed by the uncanny1 unreasoning sense that ,i had been there before1 had lived there4 ,it was all so familiar to me1 so strangely well known1 that ,i could scarcely speak1 but walked bewildered and frightened through the rooms ,i had known a hundred years ago4 ,i have never felt at any other time that sense of pre-existence1 but ,i know that nothing about that old house was new to me4 ,the upper part of the windows were of small panes of greenish 8bull's-eye0 glass1 rarely found in the country now2 the lower panes of cheap1 modern glass1 some being broken and pasted over with dirty bits of calico and paper1 and all as opaque with dirt as the ancient upper panes4 ,outside the windows lay an unkempt tangle of lilac bushes1 shrubs1 weeds1 straggling withered flowers1 box borders1 and thistles1 that once had been a lovely1 well-kept garden1 but had evidently been unentered and unheeded for years4 ,it stretched down the hill-side to the well-tenanted family graveyard with its moss-grown and chipped slate headstones with their winged cherubs' heads and crossbones4 ,i had often gathered flowers in that garden2 ,i remembered it well1 and had walked and played among the gravestones4 ,inside the four great parlors hung cobwebs and dust--and wasps6 the floors were sprinkled with them2 thousands lay dead in the two-feet-wide window-seats1 while swarms of live ones buzzed loudly at the dingy windows4 8,they won't touch you10 she said1 as we drew back4 8,he thinks there must be a nest somewhere40 ,a nest6 ,a colony of nests rather--a hundred nests1 the accumulated nests of years4 ,the parlors had few pieces of furniture1 and all were broken except a modern marble-topped table and a 8what-not40 8,i bought these10 she said1 8when ,i was married1 to please ,luriella2 ,i didn't want to spend much1 for fear she would need medicine4 ,but she didn't take much at last2 she thought it didn't do any good40 ,a set of painted book-shelves in a corner held a few books1 two or three china dogs1 some common seashells1 a large ginger-jar1 and a number of really beautiful pewter porringers with handles4 ,my companion had already conveyed to 8him0 our wish 8to buy any old pieces of furniture or china you may wish to part with10 and though we had not heard a word nor seen a gesture of assent1 the wife told us that 8he0 was willing to sell4 ,yet1 when we said we would like to buy the little handled porringers1 he walked out of the room without a word4 ,all the wood-work in these parlors--the wainscoting1 the high mantels1 the panels of the doors1 the heavy window-frames--were ornamented with a curious design1 a row of half-pillars joined at the top in a series of pointed arches1 with carved sunbursts in the spandrels4 ,it was most graceful and odd--,i have never seen it elsewhere--yet it was perfectly familiar to me2 ,i could almost remember1 yes1 ,i could remember1 counting the number of pillars in the room4 ,the two kitchens were enormous rooms4 ,one1 entirely closed away and disused1 disclosed a horror of dirt and rubbish1 old pots and pans1 and tubs1 and wheels1 thrown1 a shapeless mass1 into the fireplace1 and scattered over the floor4 ,in the smaller kitchen the chimney-nook1 the great fireplace1 had been boarded over1 and a small rusty kitchen stove placed for daily use4 ,i seemed to remember when ,i sat by this ingleside1 and great logs lay on this broad hearth1 and the roaring flames surged up the great chimney and threw their cheerful light into the now desolate room4 ,through this kitchen there wailed a moaning noise from the empty chimney1 which made even my cheerful companion look solemn and depressed4 ,she 8didn't like to hear it1 either10 our guide said1 quietly4 ,two bedrooms and a 8living-room0 completed the number of apartments on the ground floor4 ,but the living-room was not lived in2 the two bedrooms were the only apartments that bore signs of occupation4 ,there was not a carpeted floor in the house1 but to these two rooms1 braided rag rugs and strips of homespun carpet gave an appearance of comparative comfort4 ,the 8rising-sun0 and 8twin-sister0 patchwork quilts on the untidy beds added to the effect4 ,the most incongruous1 most inadequate apartment on this floor was the pantry1 a little dark box of a closet1 to which one small greenish glass window dispensed a dingy light4 ,we had intended to ask for our dinner1 since it was then 8high noon10 but a sight of this cooking sanctum dispelled all thought or wish for dinner4 ,it was so cobwebby1 so dusty1 so poor-looking1 that we could not wish to eat any dinner that could issue from its dark shadows4 ,we found afterward1 beyond the disused kitchen1 a large square room which1 in the early days of the prosperity and good cheer of this house1 had doubtless been a pantry1 but was now filled with broken grindstones1 crushed ,dutch ovens1 fragments of crockery1 pails and pans1 8peels0 and 8slices10 yarn-winders1 and part of an old rose still4 ,indeed1 through this entire house1 nothing could ever have been wholly destroyed or carried away1 but was thrown1 in its broken1 grimy desuetude1 into some neglected closet or room to gather years of dust and dirt1 as if the owner1 too poor to buy new furniture1 still clung to the shattered remnants of past plenty4 ,we rescued from the dingy little pantry1 from among the litter of broken cups and plates and knives1 bunches of dried herbs1 empty spice-boxes1 cracked woodenware1 and greasy pans1 a few treasures which we spread out on the kitchen table--half a dozen 8,pain's ,hill0 plates 7a favorite pattern throughout ,new ,england71 two open-work bordered ,leeds platters1 a dear little boat-shaped queen's-ware creamer with dainty twisted handles1 two helmet pitchers1 two teacups1 and half a dozen plates of a set of old ,lowestoft china bearing a pretty armorial device and initials4 ,we hardly dared ask to buy the latter pieces until we saw the evident contempt the farm-wife had for them4 ,nothing so ,american as a ,lafayette or ,pilgrim plate was to be seen4 ,one large dresser in the kitchen was found to be literally filled with battered and broken brass and pewter candlesticks1 glass whale-oil lamps1 snuffers1 pewter savealls1 extinguishers1 and trays1 and brass chimney hooks for shovel and tongs4 ,we rescued from this medley several candlesticks1 two curious ,dutch hanging-lamps1 and a really beautiful but broken candelabra of ,sheffield plate4 ,these we placed with the china on the kitchen table4 ,i wished to add the pewter porringers found in the parlor1 but the wife softly drawled in her nasal voice3 8,he won't sell 'em--they were hers--she used to make mud-pies in 'em when she was little40 ,and pretty playthings they must have been--fifteen dear little shallow pewter posnets and porringers with flat pierced handles1 varying in size from one large enough to hold a pint to a true doll's or a 8'prentice0 porringer an inch and a half in diameter4 ,they were full of little1 common1 colored pebbles and shells1 dried seeds1 and old purple glass beads1 perhaps just as 8she0 had last played with them4 ,other and more distant memories1 too1 may have clung to the old porringers--of days when the old man was a boy and took his 8little porringer0 and ate his supper of bread and milk from it2 and perhaps1 in the far years when the old man was a baby1 his mother had had served to her in one of these old porringers her 8dish of caudle10 that rich mixture of eggs1 spices1 bread1 milk1 and wine which was thought years ago to be the proper diet for a sick person4 ,then we mounted the spiral staircase to the second floor1 the chambers4 ,through this dreary expanse we walked slowly--the dusty half-furnishings growing shabbier and shabbier--still stumbling over broken furniture on the uneven floors1 until we entered a south room that was such a blaze of cheerful1 yellow1 tropical light that we exclaimed with delight4 ,walls and ceilings were hung solid with long yellow ears of corn1 left to dry for use in the winter4 ,even the old cherry fourpost bedstead was draped with them4 ,such a color6 ,such a glory6 8,she used to like to see them too10 the low voice murmured4 ,a third story1 a gambrel-roofed attic1 was too dusty and repelling to enter1 but in one of the deserted bedrooms we found1 whole1 though black with dust1 a dressing-table which had been the lower portion of a high chest of drawers4 ,as is common now in ,new ,england farm-houses1 the top drawers had been lifted from this table portion and set upon the floor to use as a bureau2 not half so tidy and cleanly a fashion of furniture as when it stood on its high legs and let a broom or brush sweep freely every portion of the floor under it4 ,the upper portion of this high chest was seen afterward in the outer wood-shed full of strips of leather1 broken harness1 nails1 and pieces of iron4 ,it had been gnawed by rats and whittled by knives till it was valueless4 ,the lower or table portion was whole4 ,it had three shallow 8jewel drawers10 three deep drawers with brass handles and carved 8sunbursts40 ,it proved1 when dusted1 to be of curled maple2 and after long discussion with ,mr4 ,simmons we decided to take it with us4 ,its bowed legs ended in claw-and-ball feet that would just set within the carriage sides4 8,if one on ye don't mind settin' in front with me1 the other can set in the back seat with the table in front of her10 he said4 ,this young wife had not once shown the usual country curiosity about us1 but as she turned away to find some newspapers to wrap around the plates1 ,i said to her1 8,there is much here we should like to buy and take away with us1 but it would cost so much to move the pieces so far1 and they are so out of repair40 ,then we told her who we were1 whence we came1 what we should do with the china1 and that we should often think and speak of her when we looked at the plates this coming winter4 8,i can't bear to think of the winter without her10 she answered1 softly4 ,jenny had been fed and watered and 8hitched up10 and we prepared to start4 ,i clambered into the back seat of the wagon1 then the dressing-table was lifted in and placed in front of me4 ,luckily its legs were long enough1 so the weight did not rest on my legs1 else ,i could never have taken it4 ,our laps were filled with the frail china2 the candlesticks1 lamps1 and two warming-pans were placed on the floor of the wagon1 and we started1 leaving the two dreary figures and the dreary house behind us4 ,all the way down the steep hills ,i had to hold the table to keep it off the occupants of the front seat1 and all the way up the steep hills it lay heavily in my lap2 but at last we reached the country station and packed our china and brass in two market-baskets which ,mr4 ,simmons brought us from his 8store40 ,we could hear the sallies of country wit from the loafers at the station at ,mr4 ,simmons and his strange load1 and his indignant and most offensively personal and profane answers in return4 ,then we received a baggage-check for the dressing-table1 and finally entered the train rather conscious that two warming-pans and two newspaper-covered market-baskets are hardly ordinary or desirable travelling luggage4 ,a few days later1 when cleaning the inside of the dressing-table1 the following letter was found4 ,it had been caught and held by a splinter of wood under the top of the table1 and had evidently lain untouched for years4 ,it was folded in the old-fashioned way1 dated ,may #ab1 #ahaj1 and addressed to ,madam ,janet ,hartington4 ,it read thus3 ,d,r ,,and ,,respect,,ed ,,mother ,the letter which ,i wrote you some three months ago on the s'bj'ct of my proposed marriage was answered by you1 and the answer duly recd by me4 ,the two letters ,i wrote you since on the same s'bj'ct have recd no answer4 ,and now it is too late to receive any further advice on the matter1 for ,i wish to most ,respectfully inform you that ,i married the object of my choice a week past to-day in ,kings ,chapel in ,boston4 ,there were but few present1 as was ,oriana's wish4 ,the plans you wrote me1 most ,respected ,mother1 for the advancement and future prospects of our family1 interested me much1 and ,i quite concur in them all4 ,and no one could be more fully fitted to assist me in my career than my ,oriana4 ,her graceful and ladylike deportment fit her to adorn any circle no matter how exalted4 ,she is quite ready to become a most dutifull and obedient daughter to you and ,i trust1 my ,dr ,mother1 the fact of her being an orphan will open your heart to her2 and then the wish you have always had1 viz1 to have a daughter1 may thus find its fullfillment4 ,i know not from what source you obtained the strange advice that her ,father did amass his fortune in the ,african ,slave ,trade4 ,i have never wounded her tender heart by inquiry as to the source of her ,fathers wealth 7tho' 'tis a calling trade has been followed by many citizens apparently much respected74 ,but the thought of his 8ill-gotten gold0 need no further trouble you4 ,thro' ill advice and knavery1 her fortune has dwindled to a thousand dollars1 and now her wealth is only in her beauty and her amiable disposition4 ,she has however much good furniture and china which will grace well our home4 ,i regret much to hear that my bills and debts in ,college have cost you so much1 and that the ,farm is so run behindhand4 ,this1 with the debts my ,father left behind him1 make it most advisable for me to give up my intention to practice as a lawyer1 and have decided me to return to manage your ,farm4 ,it is quite opportune and most ,providential that your ,farmer is dead1 since he managed so ill4 ,with your wise instructions and counsels1 we can no doubt retrieve the money that has been lost1 and carry out my ,grandfathers plans to make our house and name one of the most powerful in the ,state4 ,thus shall ,i assume the position in town and county that you always wished me to take4 ,we shall leave by coach for ,ringe in a week1 our household goods and furnishings to follow us in waggons4 ,i know1 ,dr ,mother1 that you will admire and praise my ,oriana1 as who could do otherwise8 ,i have talked much to her of your aspirations and ambitions1 and she hopes most ,respectfully to help to carry out any plans you may have4 ,with most affectionate greeting from ,oriana and myself1 ,i am ,your ,loving and ,honoured ,son ,,george ,,hartington4 ,in due time the table was scraped1 cleaned1 and polished1 and with its cheerful mottled golden color and shining brass handles1 was most thoroughly attractive and satisfying4 ,the pretty ,lowestoft china cups were set on it and used for petty toilet purposes4 ,an old canopied mirror was hung over it1 and every night after ,i had lighted the candles in the repaired and resilvered candelabra1 ,i sat there looking at the china1 thinking of the blue-fringed gentians1 the old house1 of the lonely empty rooms1 the poverty1 the dreariness2 then of the high hopes and ideas of ,george ,hartington1 and ambitions of his mother1 and1 above all1 the strange familiarity ,i had had with my old home4 ,at last ,i wrote to the wife at the farm1 telling her of the old letter2 asking of the career of ,george ,hartington1 his success1 his life1 his fate4 ,i thought he must be ,anthony's grandfather or granduncle4 ,the answer came1 written in a stiff1 uneven hand1 but showing more intelligence than her conversation3 8,george and ,oriana ,hartington were my husband's father and mother4 ,my husband is seventy-five years old1 and was their only child4 ,george ,hartington died three years after he was married4 ,my husband remembers his mother as a feeble1 sickly woman who didn't have much to say on the farm1 and seemed always afraid of ,madam ,hartington4 ,she died of consumption when he was twelve years old4 ,that was her china you bought with the ,o on it4 ,his grandmother lived to be ninety-two years old4 ,he is not very well this winter1 he has a bad cough4 ,if you know of any good cough medicine1 ,i could buy it with the money you gave us for the table and china10 etc4 ,and this is the end of all ,madam ,hartington's ambitions--a broken-down1 broken-hearted1 childless old man4 ,it is the ,new ,england kismet4 ,sad often are many of the memories1 sad are the pictures1 brought to my mind by my old china4 ,it speaks to me too often of deserted farms1 of unthrifty farmers2 of shabby homes1 the homes of drunken fathers and sickly mothers2 of rasping young ,philistines1 haters of old things and old ways2 of miserly old women and extravagant young ones2 of gloomy widowers and miserable bachelors2 of the hopeless round of toil of ,new ,england farm-wives1 those human beasts of burden1 bending grievously under the heavy load of loneliness and labor2 it speaks sadly to me of the pinched ways and poor living1 the res angusta domi too frequently to be seen1 alas6 in my beloved ,new ,england4 ,all these shadows1 however1 are softened and lessened by the lapse of time1 just as in my memory the days of my china hunts have all been sunshiny and bright2 it never rained1 nor was it cold nor windy1 nor was it ever sultry or dusty when ,i have been a china hunting2 all china days were ,emerson's 8444 charmed days ,when the genius of ,god doth flow4 ,the wind may alter twenty ways1 ,a tempest cannot blow2 ,it may blow north1 it still is warm2 ,or south1 it still is clear2 ,or east1 it smells like a clover-farm2 ,or west1 no thunder fear40 ,,xix4 ,,china ,,collections ,in past years any stray china-lover who wished to see and to learn had to search well to find any public collections1 or even specimens of old china1 in ,america4 ,in town-halls1 in the curiosity shops of eccentric old women1 or in the 8museums0 of land-stranded old sailors1 a few pieces might be seen--not saved nor shown because they were china1 but because 8,parson ,boardman1 who preached forty-nine years in this town1 owned this tea-set20 or 8this china was taken out of the cabin of an ,english frigate in #ahac20 or 8these mugs were used when ,george ,washington passed through the town40 ,in this class of discursive and disjointed collections1 though of course in a superior and highly honored way1 might be placed the china of the ,museum of the ,east ,india ,marine ,company in ,salem1 of whose arrangement ,eleanor ,putnam wrote1 8it was as if each sea-captain had lounged in and hustled down his contribution in any convenient vacant space40 ,in that old museum1 as ,i remember it a decade ago1 elaborate models of ,chinese junks and ,american merchant vessels bore on their miniature bowsprits strange additions to their rigging1 and shadowed by their dusty hulls queer and varied trophies1 queerer then than now--sharks' teeth1 ,turkish pipes1 sandal-wood beads1 ,italian crucifixes1 ,peruvian pottery1 and ,south ,sea shells and savage weapons4 ,teak-wood furniture and miniature palanquins and pagodas sheltered many curious china treasures which ,i vaguely recall1 queer in name and shape--nests of egg-shell saki-cups and saki-bowls galore2 ink-stones of green celadon with their accompanying water-bottles and little cakes of gilded ,india-ink2 perfume flasks of painted ,japanese wares2 bottles of purest porcelain for ,oriental hair-oil1 or1 rather1 hair-glue2 pottery jars full of unpleasant-looking mouldy mysteries1 which might be preserved fruit or might be mummies2 8plaster boxes0 lettered in ,chinese2 strange triangular bits of blue and white ,persian porcelain 8to clean out shoes with20 old ,liverpool mugs taken from a wreck and wildly labelled 8from ,ceylon20 and1 chief of all1 two vast soup-tureens of purest white ,canton porcelain1 duck-shaped1 six feet in length from beak to tail by memory's measurement4 ,in the cold light of recent and more mature inspection these two great ,east ,india birds of good cheer1 like many another remembered object of the good old times1 shrank to about half their ancient size2 but are still impressive relics of the great days and great dinners of the old ,east ,india ,marine ,company1 the dinners where1 filled to the wings with some hot1 well-peppered ,indian broth1 the twin tureens graced the board around which gathered all these old treasure-bringing and treasure-giving ,salem mariners4 ,a recent visit to my dearly loved and warmly-remembered old museum grieved my heart2 its charm was gone4 ,great1 light1 airy rooms have been added to the old building2 an arranger1 a labeller1 and a model cataloguer have ruthlessly invaded the dusty cases and weeded out the boxes of dried-up and shrivelled fruits1 the skins of moth-eaten birds1 and of seedy and disreputable fishes4 ,the ,chinese paper-fans and woven baskets1 once rare enough to be carefully treasured in a museum1 now seen in every dry-goods shop in the land1 seem wholly to have disappeared4 ,the iconoclasts have prosaically separated each old sea-captain's relics into parcels and placed them in wonderfully well-arranged and classified cases1 labelled ,madagascar1 ,alaska1 ,sumatra1 or whatever the land of their early home may be4 ,i suppose the shoe-cleaners and hair-oil bottles are there somewhere in their properly assigned places1 but ,i did not search for them4 ,i glanced at my old friends1 the punch-bowls1 and the great duck-tureens1 but the old-time glamour1 the 8unstudied grace0 of the museum was gone4 ,in many public buildings at the present day1 among treasured colonial relics1 may be seen fine specimens of old china4 ,a neighbor of the ,east ,india ,marine ,company1 the ,essex ,institute1 has a small but interesting and well-labelled collection of old ,salem china4 ,the ,bostonian ,society displays in its rooms in the old ,state-,house in ,boston a number of old ,liverpool pitchers and about twenty ,staffordshire plates and platters with ,american designs1 as well as some pieces of the china of ,john ,hancock and a few other good ,boston citizens4 ,in the rooms of the ,historical ,society of ,pennsylvania1 in ,locust ,street1 ,philadelphia1 may be seen a number of interesting pieces1 including a set of ,dresden cups and saucers1 presented to ,benjamin ,franklin by ,madame ,helvtius1 of ,auteuil1 that extraordinary friend of ,franklin's whose behavior so shocked ,mrs4 ,adams4 ,by the side of this ,dresden set are the beautiful coffee-cups1 teacups1 saucers1 teapot1 creamer1 bowl1 and chocolate-pot presented to ,mrs4 ,robert ,morris1 wife of the ,united ,states ,minister of ,finance1 by ,luzerne1 the ,french ,minister2 a cup and saucer said to have been used at the wedding of ,george ,washington2 a punch-bowl made for the ,society of the ,cincinnati by order of ,colonel ,hampden2 several ,washington pitchers2 a ,perry pitcher1 and an ,erie ,canal pitcher4 ,in the ,deerfield ,memorial ,hall1 in the rooms of the ,connecticut ,historical ,society1 of the various societies of antiquity1 and local associations throughout ,new ,england1 may be seen good pieces of old pottery and porcelain1 often with an interesting and doubtless authentic story attached1 but too frequently wildly and amazingly labelled as to place of manufacture and date4 ,many rich private collections exist4 ,vast stores of old colonial treasures are preserved in private houses in our ,eastern ,states4 ,the ,washington pieces of pottery and porcelain in the ,huntington ,collection are far outdone in beauty and in rarity by many private collections1 such1 for instance1 as that of ,miss ,powel1 in ,newport2 of ,mrs4 ,russell1 in ,cambridge2 while the varied collection of old china at the house of the ,washington ,association of ,new ,jersey1 with the exception of the historical interest which attaches to it through the story of various past owners of renown1 and excepting1 of course1 the rare and beautiful punch-bowls1 is equalled and excelled in many a ,new ,england home4 ,in ,hartford the collections of ,mr4 ,trumbull1 of ,dr4 ,lyon1 would make envious any ,english china-buyer4 ,in ,albany1 in ,philadelphia1 in ,worcester and ,providence1 in ,new ,haven and ,washington1 in ,new ,york and ,brooklyn1 many a closet and room full of well-preserved colonial china show the good taste and careful judgment of loving owners4 ,in ,boston the collection of ,mr4 ,wales is of unbounded interest and value4 ,there is but one public collection in ,america which ,i have seen that is of positive and unfailing worth to the ,american china collector--the ,trumbull-,prime ,collection4 ,i mean for the china collector for whom these pages are written1 the gatherer of household wares of colonial times and of the early part of this century4 ,it is much deplored by residents of ,new ,york that this beautiful and instructive collection has not found a home on shelves neighboring the ,avery ,collection of ,oriental porcelains in the ,metropolitan ,museum of ,art4 ,but it has been placed where it will serve a nobler purpose than contributing to the pleasure or profit even of china-lover or china collector--where it will instruct the china-maker4 ,in the spacious cabinets of the beautiful art building of ,princeton ,college1 it is near the great china factories of ,trenton2 and may the owners of those factories soon learn the lesson of beauty and variety of form1 color1 and paste1 that is so plainly shown in the china treasures gathered by ,mr4 and ,mrs4 ,prime4 ,it has been easy for anyone1 for everyone1 who had any idea or knowledge of old china1 to form a collection of china in ,america4 ,of course1 the value of the accretion was variable1 not so much resulting from the length of the purse of the gatherer as from his judgment and care in buying4 ,it is still possible to obtain such a collection4 ,the old china is not yet all discovered and culled from country towns4 ,one china hunter found in ,northampton1 that besearched city1 in a summer week in #ahia--;found and bought and bore away in triumph--a large ,states pitcher1 a ,boston ,state-,house pitcher1 a ,trenton ,falls plate1 a ,capitol plate1 two ,state-,house plates1 several pieces bearing the design of ,mc,donough's victory1 a dozen or more plates with ,english views1 two helmet-pitchers1 several pepper-pots1 and1 in addition to the 8treasures of clay10 a tall clock and four harp-backed chairs that once were ,jonathan ,edwards's1 a ,chippendale table1 and various trophies of pewter and brass4 ,dealers might have visited these ,northampton folk in vain1 but this beguiling china hunter bore away his cart-load of old furniture and crockery for a sum total as small as in days of yore4 ,it is for such slow and careful collectors that these pages are written1 for the collectors who having read and studied all the foreign text-books and histories and manuals of pottery and porcelain still know very little of the china within their gates1 the china to be gathered in ,america4 ,the number of such china hunters is steadily crescent4 ,in ,chicago1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,cincinnati1 china collections are being formed2 and many of the finest specimens of ,american historical china that have been offered for sale in ,new ,york and ,boston 8antique shops0 during the past year have been purchased and sent to ,california4 ,illustration3 ,a ,beaufet4 ,it is a matter of course that this old china should show to its best advantage in an old-fashioned house1 or in a new house built in 8,american colonial0 style of architecture4 ,but whatever the house may be in which all these loved china waifs are assembled and cherished1 it should not conceal them1 as in ,charles ,lamb's 8great house10 in a china-closet4 ,a suitable resting-place for the old pieces is in the sheltering home in which it passed its early days--in a corner cupboard4 ,this was in olden times called a 8beaufatt10 or 8bofet10 or 8beaufet10 or 8bofate10 or as ,cowper wrote of it-- 8,this china that decks the alcove ,which here people call a buffet1 ,but what the gods call it above ,has ne'er been revealed to us yet40 ,a corner cupboard seems to be1 like all old-fashioned furniture1 well adapted for the express purpose for which it was made4 ,it is not a modern pattern combination china-closet1 washstand1 and refrigerator all in one1 but for the simple purpose of china-holding and china-showing it is perfect4 ,the old china never looks prettier 7except when on the table7 than in its wonted home--a corner cupboard or beaufet4 ,the narrow scalloped or crenated shelves with their wider rounded projections at the extreme back seem expressly shaped to show each piece to its best advantage4 ,even the ,gothic small-paned glass door1 when present1 does not hide the dainty pieces4 ,the apse-shaped1 shell-fluted top with its pillared frame and carved sunbursts1 and its surmounting brass eagles or balls1 seems a fitting roof to shelter the fragile ingatherings4 ,the old china seems always to look better and more at home in an old-time setting4 ,on page #dd is shown a shallow dresser1 an adaptation of an old kitchen fashion1 with narrow ledges of shelves hung with old pewter porringers1 which proves also a delightful way to show to plain view the rows of blue and white plates1 especially the dainty gems of 8cup-plates10 which are so treasured and loved by the china hunter that there never seems to be any spot altogether worthy to hold and display them quite as they ought to be shown4 ,of course1 large articles--what were called in olden times 8hollow-ware0--cannot be placed on a dresser2 tiny pepper-pots1 salt-cellars1 tea-caddies1 very small creamers1 and plates and platters set on edge must form the dresser's only burden4 ,illustration3 ,china ,steps4 ,another old-fashioned resting-place for china may be adopted in modern times for the sustentation of any broken-nosed1 handleless1 nicked1 cracked1 or scorched treasure1 8the broken teacups wisely kept for show10 which no true china hunter will despise1 but which will not bear the too close examination of scoffers1 and to which distance lends a haze of enchantment and veil of perfection4 ,i mean a 8crown of steps10 or 8shelf of steps10 or 8china steps10 as they were variously called4 ,one is here shown1 but as they are so rare nowadays perhaps the term needs some explanation4 ,on top of a high chest of drawers1 a 8high-boy10 was placed in olden times a three-tiered1 graduated platform of 8steps0 to hold and display china4 ,the lower tier of the platform was about eight or ten inches shorter and five inches shallower than the top of the 8high-boy40 ,this left free a shelf of about five inches wide upon the sides and front of the top2 the tier was four or five inches high4 ,the second tier1 or step1 was made shorter and narrower in the same proportion1 thus leaving a second ridge or shelf4 ,the top tier1 or platform1 was smaller still4 ,thus when the china was arranged around the three sides of the 8crown of steps0 it made a pretty pyramid of pitchers and teapots and jars1 and each piece could be plainly seen4 ,rather high up in the air they were1 perhaps1 for purposes of close examination or for freeing from dust1 but safe from danger of breaking4 ,very rarely an old 8high-boy0 will now be seen with a fixed or permanent 8crown of steps10 but usually this set of china shelves was separate1 and frequently was only made of stained wood4 ,such were probably the 8,steps for ,china ,ware0 of ,abraham ,blish1 of ,boston1 in #agce1 which were worth only two shillings4 ,such also were 8the steps some small ,china thereon0 of ,john ,proctor in #agef1 since they were worth only five shillings and fourpence4 ,another inventory has this item3 8#a ,japan ,chest ,draws and ,steps for ,china40 ,on such a 8shelf of steps0 the china is 8out of the way20 and for the same virtue ,i like to hang china on the wall--pitcher1 jugs1 cups1 as well as plates--they are so safe and yet so plainly visible in that position4 ,then you can do away with 8the dozen little teetery tables0 that litter and obstruct our rooms and make man's life a burden4 ,there is a certain restfulness in the spacious parlors of some old houses that ,i know1 a sense of room in which to move1 of liberal elegance1 of substantial good taste1 that is owing largely to the absence of small littering chairs and tables4 ,everything is upon the walls that can be hung or placed there2 decoration is profuse1 but not in the way4 ,i would rather keep china anywhere than upon a table4 ,perhaps the upsetting of a tea-table1 with its burden of eighteen teapots1 and the utter annihilation of teapots and depression of spirits that resulted1 may have conduced to this feeling4 ,for the purpose of hanging plates upon the wall come various little wire frames or holders2 but when you have fifty or one hundred plates in your dining-room1 even these cheap holders are quite an expense4 ,mr4 ,prime gives in his book an illustration and the details of the manner of making a wire frame or holder by which to hang plates on the wall4 ,this invention of his is very ingenious and very good2 many a one have ,i in my home2 but it requires for its manufacture a wire-workman or a tinker1 either amateur or professional1 and tools of various kinds1 and a neatly made spiral cylinder of wire4 ,this places the possibility of manufacturing ,mr4 ,prime's holder quite out of the reach of the average woman4 ,i1 too1 have invented a holder1 and it can be made by any woman1 since she need employ but one tool--her own distinctive instrument--a pair of scissors4 ,the materials1 too1 are peculiarly feminine--picture-wire or strong twine1 and dress-hooks4 ,i will say for the benefit of the masculine china hunter who may read these pages that both white and black dress-hooks can be purchased for a few cents a dozen1 and of various sizes1 from the heavy cloak hooks1 which are strong enough to hold a thick ,delft plaque1 to the tiny hooks that are sufficient to sustain a fragile saucer4 ,and the process of manufacture of my plate-holder is so simple6 ,you use your tool but once--to cut off the length of wire4 ,then place four of the dress-hooks at equal distances around the rim of the plate1 slipping them firmly over the edge4 ,string your wire on the back of the plate through the two loops at the end of each of the four hooks and draw it tight4 ,twist the ends of the wire firmly and neatly together1 make a little wire loop by which to hang it1 and your plate-holder is done4 ,a man may use a pair of 8cut-nippers0 to cut the wire1 and a pair of pincers to twist it if he so will2 but a pair of scissors is all that is really necessary1 and will answer every purpose1 though the usage is not thoroughly conducive to the welfare of the scissors4 ,i will not say that this holder is better than ,mr4 ,prime's1 though ,i point with pride to the facility and simplicity of its construction2 but ,i think ,i can boast that it is cheaper4 ,the dark blue ,staffordshire plates especially should be thus hung on the wall1 where they form so rich a point of color that they put to shame all the thin water-colors and pale ,french china in their vicinity1 and make us fully appreciate ,oscar ,wilde's sigh of 8trying to live up to his blue and white china40 ,but let me no longer dwell on the charms of our widely gathered possessions1 lest it be said of me as was of ,horace ,walpole-- 8,china's the passion of his soul1 ,a cup1 a plate1 a dish1 a bowl ,can kindle wishes in his breast1 ,inflame with joy or break his rest20 but end with the assurance that ,i fully concur in the words of a well-known ,english collector3 8,china-collecting is not a mere fancy--it is a complete education40 ,,index ,acrelius1 ,parson1 #bag ,adams1 ,president1 china of1 #bea1 #cja ,alchymy spoons1 #dc ,annely1 ,edward1 #hj ,anti-slavery plate1 #ccc ,apotheosis of ,washington1 pitcher1 #bfe ,arnold1 ,governor ,benedict1 #de ,auction1 country1 in ,new ,england1 #cc 8,baby10 ,milliner's1 #eh ,bache1 ,mrs41 #fe ,bainbridge portrait on mug1 #caj ,baltimore ,advertiser1 announcement in1 of sale of china1 #bce ,baltimore plate1 #ccd ,baltimore and ,ohio plates1 #ccd ,barlow1 ,s4 ,l4 ,m41 sale of china of1 #agf ,bat-printing1 #aef ,beach ware1 #bf ,bennington ware1 #ig ,binney ,ronaldson1 #ic ,bonaparte1 ,lucien1 cup and saucer of1 #bi ,bonaparte mugs1 #aeb ,bonnin1 ,gousse1 #hi ,boston plates1 #ccg ,bostonian ,society1 the1 #cje1 #caa1 #daa ,bow china1 #ed1 #aai1 #abj1 #abb ,bowen1 ,samuel1 #hf ,bradford1 ,governor1 china of1 #de ,bristol porcelain1 #abc2 teapot1 #bjh ,broseley blue dragon pieces1 #aca ,buchanan1 ,president1 china of1 #bec ,bugbee1 ,thomas1 #hc ,burlington1 old pottery at1 #gi ,burnet1 ,governor1 #fj ,cadogan teapot1 #bjd ,calumet1 the1 #ge2 of the ,cherokees1 #gf ,cambridge plates1 #cba ,canton china1 blue1 #ahc2 sale of1 direct from the vessel1 #ahf ,castleford pottery1 #aag ,centennial china1 #cdc ,champion1 ,richard1 #he1 #hi1 #abc1 #bhj ,china collector1 a professional1 #ac2 a ,yankee1 #ah ,china in ,america1 earliest mentions of1 #ef2 advertisements of1 in the early ,boston papers1 #ff2 old ,american1 #gj2 inexhaustible materials for manufacture of1 in ,america1 #ij2 with ,american scenes1 etc41 #acg ,china steps1 #dah ,chinese ewer1 #aij ,cincinnati punch-bowl1 #bbc2 of ,general ,washington1 #bcj et seq41 #bci ,city ,hall pitcher1 #cfj ,clews1 ,mr4 ,james1 #cbg ,congressional punch-bowl1 #baf ,cookworthy1 ,william1 #hd ,copper-lustre pitcher1 #chg ,crouch-ware1 #aji ,crown ,derby plate1 #chj ,danvers pottery1 song of1 #gh ,davis1 ,mrs4 ,james ,m41 ,bristol porcelain urn of1 #abd ,decatur portrait1 #caj ,deerfield ,memorial ,hall1 #dab ,delft ware1 early1 #ec2 early sale of1 #eg2 in ,new ,york1 #ajb2 on ,long ,island1 #ajc2 price of1 #ajc2 tea-caddies1 #ajd2 apothecary jars of1 #aje1 #chb2 in the ,trumbull-,prime collection1 #ajf2 tiles1 #ajf1 #aeh ,derby1 ,elias ,haskett1 #ahj ,de ,witt ,clinton1 portrait of1 #cac ,dextra1 ,zachary1 #ajd ,drinks1 colonial ,american1 #bag ,dwight1 ,john1 #aig ,east ,india ,marine ,company's ,museum1 #dji ,elder ,brewster teapot1 #bjb ,erie ,canal plates1 #cde ,essex ,institute1 the1 #cac1 #daa ,faneuil1 ,andrew1 #eg ,faneuil1 ,peter1 #fj ,farmer pitchers1 #aed ,franklin1 ,benjamin1 sends china to his wife1 #fd1 #ia1 #aeg ,franklin pottery1 list of1 #bgd et seq4 ,franklin1 ,william1 medallion1 #cjb ,frog mugs1 #add ,fulham jugs1 #ajg ,funeral-punches1 #baa 8,guglet10 #bcg ,ginger-jars of ,canton china1 #ahh ,glazing1 ,indian method of1 #gb ,glider1 to1 #bad ,goat cream jugs1 #abj ,grant1 ,general1 china of1 #bed ,gray1 ,billy1 #ahj ,haig1 ,thomas1 #ic ,hall's1 ,r41 wares1 #ccj ,hamilton1 ,mrs4 ,alexander1 china of1 #bdc ,hancock1 ,john1 portrait1 #cjd ,hanover1 ,first ,church of1 pewter service of1 #de ,harrison pitcher1 #cad ,hartington house1 the1 #cif ,hayes1 ,president1 china of1 #bee ,henrietta ,maria1 ,queen1 recipe book of1 #bab ,hews1 ,a4 ,h41 ,co41 #ha ,historical ,society of ,pennsylvania1 collection1 #daa ,hodges1 ,dr4 ,caspar ,wister1 #bhj ,hound-handled pitcher1 #ii ,holder for hanging china1 #dbb ,hull pitchers1 #adc ,hull portrait1 #caj ,huntington collection1 #afj2 ,franklin pottery in1 #bhg ,hylton pottery1 #bae ,indian bowls1 #ci ,indiana ,pottery ,co41 #ih ,inscriptions on pitchers1 #adc ,jackfield teapots1 #bjh ,jackson1 ,president1 china of1 #beb ,japanese teapots1 #bje ,jefferson1 ,thomas1 ,wedgwood cameos of1 #aae2 hospitality of1 #bdi2 china of1 #bej2 portraits1 #cjc ,jones1 ,cadwallader1 vases given to1 by ,lafayette1 #agd ,johnson4 ,dr41 teapot of1 #aih ,jug1 hot water1 of pewter1 #ej ,keen1 ,joseph1 #ic ,lafayette1 #bda ,lafayette pottery1 #bhh2 list of1 #bhi ,lafayette ,landing platter1 #bid ,lamb1 ,charles1 #a1 #cgh ,lawrence portrait1 #caj ,lay1 ,benjamin1 #fc ,lefferts1 ,john1 #ajc ,lincoln1 ,president1 china of1 #bec ,liverpool ware1 #ace ,liverpool pitchers1 #afb ,lowestoft ware1 #afe2 vase1 #agd2 value of1 #age2 in ,new ,england seaport towns1 #agi2 in the south1 #aid2 of ,john ,hancock1 #aie2 teapot1 #bjh ,lowestoft town1 #age ,lustre sets1 #acb ,lyman ,fenton1 #if ,lyon1 ,dr4 ,irving1 #aab ,lyon1 ,miss ,henrietta ,d41 #abi1 #bed ,lyon1 ,governor1 sale of china of1 #age1 #agh1 #bjc ,macdonough's victory plate1 #cea ,macdonough portrait1 #cab ,madison1 china of1 #bea 8,map0 pitcher1 #bfh ,mayer1 ,thomas1 #cbd ,metropolitan ,museum1 #afj1 #agc1 #bde1 #beg1 #bgj1 #bga1 #bgg1 #bgi1 #bhc1 #bhd1 #bhf1 #bif1 #big ,millennium plate1 #bd #cec ,milliners1 ,boston1 sell 8chayney10 #eh ,miranda1 ,general1 #bca ,mirror-knobs1 #aei ,monroe1 ,president1 china of1 #beb ,montgomery pitcher1 #cjd ,morris1 ,george ,anthony1 #ij ,morristown1 pewter utensils in the ,washington ,house at1 #di ,morse collection1 #bje ,mottoes on teapots1 #bjg ,mount ,vernon plates1 #cec ,museum of ,practical ,geology1 #aaj1 #aab1 #abb1 #adj1 #aed1 #afh ,nahant plate1 #ced ,naval pitchers1 #ada1 #cji ,neptune1 the1 voyage of1 #aha ,newbery's 8,dives ,pragmaticus10 #ch ,new ,jersey1 early china not plentiful in1 #fb ,new ,york plates #cef ,niederweiler china of ,washington1 #bdd 8,noggins10 wooden1 #ci ,norton1 ,john and ,william1 #if ,osborne1 ,william1 #gg 8,packing ,penny10 the1 #eg ,pain's ,hill plates1 #ccj ,park ,theatre plate1 #cfa ,patch-boxes1 #afa ,pepys' tea-drinking1 #aii ,perry pitchers1 #adb ,perry portraits1 #cji ,persian vase1 #aib ,peters1 ,miss1 #id ,pewter plates and platters1 #dg ,pewterers1 ,english1 #da ,philadelphia1 colonial drinks of1 #baf ,philadelphia1 early china in1 #fc2 plates1 #cfc ,philadelphia ,library plate1 #cai ,pierce1 ,president1 china of1 #beb ,pike portrait1 #caa ,pilgrim plate1 #cff ,pitcher1 historical1 of the war of #ahab1 #bii ,pitcher portrait of ,washington1 #bfj ,pitchers1 patriotic1 etc41 list of1 #cja et seq4 ,plymouth coffee-pot1 #abb ,poore1 ,ben ,perley1 collection of pewter of1 #di ,porcelain ware1 early in ,america1 #eb ,porringers1 pewter1 #dd ,posset-pot1 the1 #bab ,posnets1 #dd 8,posy-holders10 #aia ,pottery of the ,north ,american ,indians1 #gj2 in burial mounds1 #gc2 in ,louisiana1 #gd2 of the ,iroquois1 #ge ,preble1 portrait of1 #caa ,prentiss1 ,a4 ,m41 presentation pitcher of1 #aeh ,presidential china1 auction sales of1 #bee ,pride1 ,john1 #gg ,province ,house pitcher1 #fe ,punch1 #bac2 varieties of1 #bag et seq42 bare-legged1 #bah ,punch-bowl1 the1 #baj2 of lustre ware1 #bae2 of ,liverpool ,delft1 #bae2 ,henry ,weatherbourne's1 #bai2 of ,washington1 #bba et seq42 of the good old times1 #bbf ,puzzle jugs1 #ade ,quilted china plates1 #ei ,randolph1 ,edmund1 punch-bowl of1 #bai ,reed1 ,joseph1 #gg ,remmey1 #hj ,richards1 ,horace ,jones1 #cjj ,richmond1 ,a4 ,g41 his collection of ,indian pottery1 #ge ,ridgway1 ,j4 ,w41 china1 #cah1 #cbh ,rose1 ,thomas1 #agb ,sadler1 ,john1 #aee ,sadler's ware1 #acg ,sailor pitchers1 #adh ,salt-glazed ware1 #ajh 8,savealls10 #dc ,sewall1 ,judge1 #bjj ,seixas1 ,david ,g41 #ic ,shrewsbury1 old house in1 #df 8,slaw bank10 a1 #df ,smith1 ,james ,r41 #beh 8,sneaker10 #bcg ,sack-posset1 recipe for1 #bab 8,sourings10 #bbe ,south ,amboy1 #hj ,staffordshire crockery1 #caf2 marks on1 #cbd ,standish1 ,miles1 #de ,steamboat plate1 #cej ,stienwerck1 ,cornelius1 #fa ,syntax1 ,dr41 designs on china1 #cba ,tea1 in ,boston1 #bjj2 price of1 #bja2 drinking of1 #aii ,tea-sets1 ,staffordshire1 not uniform4 #cag ,teapot friezes1 #bjf ,teapots1 mottoes on1 #bjg2 ,lowestoft1 #bjh ,temperance plate1 #cga ,thomas1 ,gabriel1 #gi ,timberlake1 ,lieutenant1 #gb1 #gf 8,tobys10 #cbc ,toddy strainer1 #ahi ,transfer-printing1 #aee ,trenchers1 wooden1 #dj ,trumbull-,prime collection1 #if1 #ii1 #abc1 #agh1 #bfa1 #bfh1 #bgi1 #bia1 #cjd1 #dac ,truxton1 ,commodore1 #adb ,tucker1 ,william ,ellis1 #id ,van ,braam1 ,mr41 china given by1 to ,martha ,washington1 #bcc1 #bdb ,voiders1 china1 #fi ,wales1 ,george ,m41 #ade ,ward1 ,j41 poem of1 on the ,potter's art1 #db ,warren pitcher1 #cjd ,washington1 ,george1 china1 #agg1 #bbi2 value of1 #bdh2 letter of1 to ,colonel ,tilghman1 #bcd2 portraits of1 on china1 #beg1 #bfe ,washington1 ,martha1 plate1 #h2 china1 #bdj ,washington pitchers1 #ach ,washington ,association1 #agd1 #bjc1 #baf1 #bbc1 #bdc ,washington pottery1 list of1 #bfb ,washington toddy-jugs1 #bfa ,washington1 ,d4 ,c41 plates1 #cgd ,wedgwood1 ,josiah1 his alarm at the progress of china manufacture in ,america1 #hg ,wedgwood1 ,thomas1 pewter plates of1 #db ,wedgwood ware1 in ,america1 #aad1 #aaf2 teapots1 #bji ,welsteed1 ,william1 #eg ,willow-pattern ware1 #acj ,winthrop jug1 #ed ,worcester ware in 8,japan taste10 #bi2 porcelain1 old1 in ,america1 #acc ,yendell1 ,s41 presentation pitcher of #aee ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcriber',s ,,notes ,typos fixed2 non-standard spelling and dialect retained4 ,enclosed italics font in underscores4 ,the caret 77 serves as a superscript indicator1 applicable to individual characters 7like #b;d7 and even entire phrases 7like #ast74