,,! ,,book ,,( ,,tea  ,by ,kakuzo       
,okakura     ,i4 ,! ,cup ( ,humanity    
,tea began z a m$ic9e & grew into a     
bev]age4 ,9 ,*9a1 9 ! eigh? c5tury1 x   
ent]$ ! realm ( poetry z "o ( ! polite  
amusem5ts4 ,! fifte5? c5tury saw ,japan 
ennoble x into a religion (             
ae/heticism--,teaism4 ,teaism is a cult 
f\nd$ on ! adoration ( ! beautiful among
 ! sordid facts ( ev]yday exi/5ce4 ,x   
inculcates purity & h>mony1 ! my/]y (   
mutual *>ity1 ! romanticism ( ! social  
ord]4 ,x is ess5tially a wor%ip ( !     
,imp]fect1 z x is a t5d] attempt to     
accompli% some?+ possible 9 ?is         
impossible ?+ we "k z life4  ,!         
,philosophy ( ,tea is n m]e ae/heticism 
9 ! ord9>y acceptance ( ! t]m1 = x      
expresses conjo9tly ) e?ics & religion  
our :ole po9t ( view ab\t man & nature4 
,x is hygi5e1 = x en=ces cleanl9ess2 x  
is economics1 = x %[s com=t 9 simplicity
 r ?an 9 ! complex & co/ly2 x is moral  
geometry1 inasmu* z x def9es our s5se ( 
proportion to ! univ]se4 ,x repres5ts ! 

true _s ( ,ea/]n democracy by mak+ all  
its vot>ies ari/ocrats 9 ta/e4  ,! long 
isolation ( ,japan f ! re/ ( ! _w1 s    
conducive to introspection1 has be5     
highly fav\rable to ! developm5t (      
,teaism4 ,our home & habits1 co/ume &   
cuis9e1 porcela91 lacqu]1 pa9t+--our v  
lit]ature--all h be5 subject to its     
influ5ce4 ,no /ud5t ( ,japanese culture 
c\ld ev] ignore its pres5ce4 ,x has     
p]meat$ ! elegance ( noble b\doirs1 &   
ent]$ ! abode ( ! humble4 ,our peasants 
h le>n$ to arrange fl[]s1 our meane/    
lab\r] to (f] 8 salutation to ! rocks & 
wat]s4 ,9 our common p>lance we speak ( 
! man ) no tea 9 him1 :5 he is          
insusceptible to ! s]io-comic int]e/s ( 
! p]sonal drama4 ,aga9 we /igmatise !   
untam$ ae/hete :o1 reg>dless ( ! mundane
 trag$y1 runs riot 9 ! spr+tide (       
emancipat$ emotions1 z "o ) too mu* tea 
9 him4  ,! outsid] may inde$ wond] at   
?is seem+ mu* ado ab\t no?+4 ,:at a     
tempe/ 9 a tea-cup6 he w say4 ,b :5 we  
consid] h[ small aft] all ! cup ( human 

enjoym5t is1 h[ soon ov]fl[$ ) te>s1 h[ 
easily dra9$ to ! dregs 9 our qu5*less  
?ir/ = inf9ity1 we %all n blame         
ourselves = mak+ s mu* ( ! tea-cup4     
,mank9d has done worse4 ,9 ! wor%ip (   
,bac*us1 we h sacrific$ too freely2 & we
 h ev5 transfigur$ ! gory image ( ,m>s4 
,:y n consecrate ourselves to ! que5 ( !
 ,camelias1 & revel 9 ! w>m /ream (     
sympa?y t fl[s f h] alt>8 ,9 ! liquid   
amb] )9 ! ivory-porcela91 ! initiat$ may
 t\* ! sweet retic5ce ( ,confucius1 !   
piquancy ( ,laotse1 & ! e!real aroma (  
,sakyamuni himself4  ,^? :o _c feel !   
littl5ess ( great ?+s 9 !mselves are apt
 to ov]look ! greatness ( little ?+s 9  
o!rs4 ,! av]age ,we/]n]1 9 8 sleek      
complac5cy1 w see 9 ! tea c]emony b     
ano!r in/ance ( ! ?\s& & "o oddities :i*
 con/itute ! qua9tness & *ildi%ness ( ! 
,ea/ to him4 ,he 0 wont to reg>d ,japan 
z b>b>\s :ile %e indulg$ 9 ! g5tle arts 
( peace3 he calls h] civilis$ s9ce %e   
began to commit :olesale slaught] on    
,man*urian battlefields4 ,mu* comm5t has

 be5 giv5 lately to ! ,code ( !         
,samurai1--! ,art ( ,dea? :i* makes our 
soldi]s exult 9 self-sacrifice2 b       
sc>cely any att5tion has be5 drawn to   
,teaism1 :i* repres5ts s mu* ( our ,art 
( ,life4 ,fa9 w\ld we rema9 b>b>ians1 if
 our claim to civilisation 7 to be bas$ 
on ! gruesome glory ( w>4 ,fa9 w\ld we  
await ! "t :5 due respect %all be paid  
to our art & ideals4  ,:5 w ! ,we/      
und]/&1 or try to und]/&1 ! ,ea/8 ,we   
,asiatics are (t5 appall$ by ! curi\s   
web ( facts & fancies :i* has be5 wov5  
conc]n+ u4 ,we are pictur$ z liv+ on !  
p]fume ( ! lotus1 if n on mice &        
cockroa*es4 ,x is ei!r impot5t          
fanaticism or else abject voluptu\sness4
 ,indian spirituality has be5 d]id$ z   
ignorance1 ,*9ese sobriety z /upidity1  
,japanese patriotism z ! result (       
fatalism4 ,x has be5 said t we are less 
s5sible to pa9 & w\nds on acc\nt ( !    
call\sness ( our n]v\s organisation6    
,:y n amuse y\rselves at our exp5se8    
,asia returns ! complim5t4 ,!re w\ld be 

fur!r food = m]rim5t if y 7 to "k all t 
we h imag9$ & writt5 ab\t y4 ,all !     
glam\r ( ! p]spective is !re1 all !     
unconsci\s homage ( wond]1 all ! sil5t  
res5tm5t ( ! new & undef9$4 ,y h be5    
load$ ) virtues too ref9$ to be envi$1 &
 accus$ ( crimes too picturesque to be  
condemn$4 ,our writ]s 9 ! pa/--! wise m5
 :o knew--in=m$ u t y _h bu%y tails     
some:]e hidd5 9 y\r g>m5ts1 & (t5 d9$ (f
 a fricassee ( newborn babes6 ,nay1 we  
_h some?+ worse aga9/ y3 we us$ to ?9k y
 ! mo/ impracticable p on ! e>?1 = y 7  
said to prea* :at y nev] practic$4  ,su*
 misconceptions are fa/ vani%+ among/ u4
 ,comm]ce has =c$ ! ,european tongues on
 _m an ,ea/]n port4 ,asiatic y\?s are   
flock+ to ,we/]n colleges = ! equipm5t (
 mod]n education4 ,our insight does n   
p5etrate y\r culture deeply1 b at lea/  
we are will+ to le>n4 ,"s ( my          
compatriots h adopt$ too mu* ( y\r      
cu/oms & too mu* ( y\r etiquette1 9 !   
delusion t ! acquisition ( /iff coll>s &
 tall silk hats compris$ ! atta9m5t (   

y\r civilisation4 ,pa!tic & deplorable z
 su* affectations are1 !y ev9ce our     
will+ness to approa* ! ,we/ on our      
knees4 ,un=tunately ! ,we/]n attitude is
 unfav\rable to ! und]/&+ ( ! ,ea/4 ,!  
,*ri/ian mission>y goes to imp>t1 b n to
 receive4 ,y\r in=mation is bas$ on !   
meagre translations ( our imm5se        
lit]ature1 if n on ! unreliable         
anecdotes ( pass+ travell]s4 ,x is r>ely
 t ! *ivalr\s p5 ( a ,lafcadio ,he>n or 
t ( ! au?or ( ,! ,web ( ,indian ,life   
enliv5s ! ,ori5tal d>kness ) ! tor* (   
our own s5tim5ts4  ,p]haps ,i betray my 
own ignorance ( ! ,tea ,cult by be+ s   
outspok54 ,its v _s ( polit5ess exacts t
 y say :at y are expect$ to say1 & no m4
 ,b ,i am n to be a polite ,teai/4 ,s   
mu* h>m has be5 done already by ! mutual
 misund]/&+ ( ! ,new ,_w & ! ,old1 t "o 
ne$ n apologise = contribut+ 8 ti! to ! 
fur!rance ( a bett] und]/&+4 ,! beg9n+ (
 ! tw5tie? c5tury w\ld h be5 sp>$ !     
spectacle ( sangu9>y w>f>e if ,russia _h
 condesc5d$ to "k ,japan bett]4 ,:at    

dire consequ5ces to humanity lie 9 !    
contemptu\s ignor+ ( ,ea/]n problems6   
,european imp]ialism1 :i* does n disda9 
to raise ! absurd cry ( ! ,yell[ ,p]il1 
fails to realise t ,asia may also awak5 
to ! cruel s5se ( ! ,:ite ,disa/]4 ,y   
may laugh at u = hav+ too mu* tea1 b may
 we n suspect t y ( ! ,we/ h no tea 9   
y\r con/itution8  ,let u /op ! cont95ts 
f hurl+ epigrams at ea* o!r1 & be sadd] 
if n wis] by ! mutual ga9 ( half a      
hemisph]e4 ,we h develop$ along diff]5t 
l9es1 b !re is no reason :y "o %\ld n   
supplem5t ! o!r4 ,y h ga9$ expansion at 
! co/ ( re/lessness2 we h creat$ a      
h>mony :i* is weak aga9/ aggression4 ,w 
y believe x8--! ,ea/ is bett] (f 9 "s   
respects ?an ! ,we/6  ,/rangely en\gh   
humanity has s f> met 9 ! tea-cup4 ,x is
 ! only ,asiatic c]emonial :i* comm&s   
univ]sal e/eem4 ,! :ite man has sc(f$ at
 our religion & our morals1 b has       
accept$ ! br[n bev]age )\t hesitation4  
,! aft]noon tea is n[ an important      
function 9 ,we/]n society4 ,9 ! delicate

 clatt] ( trays & sauc]s1 9 ! s(t ru/le 
( fem99e hospitality1 9 ! common        
cate*ism ab\t cream & sug>1 we "k t !   
,wor%ip ( ,tea is e/abli%$ beyond "q4 ,!
 philosophic resignation ( ! gue/ to !  
fate await+ him 9 ! dubi\s decoction    
proclaims t 9 ?is s+le in/ance !        
,ori5tal _s reigns supreme4  ,! e>lie/  
record ( tea 9 ,european writ+ is said  
to be f\nd 9 ! /atem5t ( an ,arabian    
travell]1 t aft] ! ye> #hgi ! ma9 s\rces
 ( rev5ue 9 ,canton 7 ! duties on salt &
 tea4 ,m>co ,polo records ! deposition (
 a ,*9ese m9i/] ( f9ance 9 #abhe = 8    
arbitr>y augm5tation ( ! tea-taxes4 ,x 0
 at ! p]iod ( ! great discov]ies t !    
,european p began to "k m ab\t ! extreme
 ,ori5t4 ,at ! end ( ! sixte5? c5tury ! 
,holl&]s br\ght ! news t a pleasant dr9k
 0 made 9 ! ,ea/ f ! leaves ( a bu%4 ,! 
travell]s ,giovanni ,bati/a ,ramusio    
7#aeei71 ,l4 ,almeida 7#aegf71 ,maff5o  
7#aehh71 ,t>eira 7#afaj71 also m5tion$  
tea4 ,9 ! la/-nam$ ye> %ips ( ! ,dut*   
,ea/ ,india ,company br\ght ! fir/ tea  

into ,europe4 ,x 0 kn[n 9 ,france 9     
#afcf1 & rea*$ ,russia 9 #afch4 ,engl&  
welcom$ x 9 #afej & spoke ( x z ,t      
excell5t & by all physicians approv$    
,*9a dr9k1 call$ by ! ,*9eans ,t*a1 & by
 o!r nations ,tay1 alias ,tee4  ,l all  
good ?+s ( ! _w1 ! propag&a ( ,tea met )
 opposition4 ,h]etics l ,h5ry ,saville  
7#afgh7 d5\nc$ dr9k+ x z a fil?y cu/om4 
,jonas ,hanway 7,essay on ,tea1 #agef7  
said t m5 seem$ to lose _! /ature &     
comel9ess1 wom5 _! beauty ?r\gh ! use ( 
tea4 ,its co/ at ! />t 7ab\t fifte5 or  
sixte5 %ill+s a p\nd7 =bade popul>      
consumption1 & made x regalia = high    
treatm5ts & ent]ta9m5ts1 pres5ts be+    
made !re( to pr9ces & gr&ees4 ,yet 9    
spite ( su* drawbacks tea-dr9k+ spread )
 m>vel\s rapidity4 ,! c(fee-h\ses (     
,london 9 ! e>ly half ( ! eighte5?      
c5tury became1 9 fact1 tea-h\ses1 !     
resort ( wits l ,addison & ,/eele1 :o   
beguil$ !mselves ov] _! di% ( tea4 ,!   
bev]age soon became a necessity (       
life--a taxable matt]4 ,we are rem9d$ 9 

?is connection :at an important "p x    
plays 9 mod]n hi/ory4 ,colonial ,am]ica 
resign$ h]self to oppression until human
 endurance gave way be=e ! heavy duties 
laid on ,tea4 ,am]ican indep5d5ce dates 
f ! ?r[+ ( tea-*e/s into ,bo/on h>b\r4  
,!re is a subtle *>m 9 ! ta/e ( tea :i* 
makes x irresi/ible & capable (         
idealisation4 ,we/]n hum\ri/s 7 n sl[ to
 m+le ! fragrance ( _! ?\ght ) its      
aroma4 ,x has n ! arrogance ( w9e1 !    
self-consci\sness ( c(fee1 nor ! simp]+ 
innoc5ce ( cocoa4 ,already 9 #agaa1 says
 ! ,spectator3 ,i w\ld !re=e 9 a        
p>ticul> mann] recomm5d ^! my           
speculations to all well-regulat$       
families t set ap>t an h\r e morn+ =    
tea1 bread & butt]2 & w\ld e>ne/ly      
advise !m = _! good to ord] ?is pap] to 
be punctually s]v$ up & to be look$ ^u z
 a "p ( ! tea-equipage4 ,samuel ,johnson
 draws 8 own portrait z a h>d5$ &       
%ameless tea dr9k]1 :o = tw5ty ye>s     
dilut$ 8 meals ) only ! infusion ( !    
fasc9at+ plant2 :o ) tea amus$ ! ev5+1 )

 tea solac$ ! midnight1 & ) tea welcom$ 
! morn+4  ,*>les ,lamb1 a pr(ess$       
devotee1 s\nd$ ! true note ( ,teaism :5 
he wrote t ! greate/ pleasure he knew 0 
to d a good action by /eal?1 & to h x   
f\nd out by accid5t4 ,= ,teaism is ! art
 ( conceal+ beauty t y may discov] x1 ( 
sugge/+ :at y d>e n reveal4 ,x is !     
noble secret ( laugh+ at y\rself1 calmly
 yet ?or\ghly1 & is ?us hum\r itself1--!
 smile ( philosophy4 ,all g5u9e hum\ri/s
 may 9 ?is s5se be call$                
tea-philosoph]s1 ,?ack]ay1 = in/ance1 & 
( c\rse1 ,%akespe>e4 ,! poets ( !       
,decad5ce 7:5 0 n ! _w 9 decad5ce871 9  
_! prote/s aga9/ mat]ialism1 h1 to a    
c]ta9 ext5t1 also op5$ ! way to ,teaism4
 ,p]haps n[adays x is our demure        
contemplation ( ! ,imp]fect t ! ,we/ & !
 ,ea/ c meet 9 mutual consolation4  ,!  
,taoi/s relate t at ! great beg9n+ ( !  
,no-,beg9n+1 ,_s & ,matt] met 9 mortal  
combat4 ,at la/ ! ,yell[ ,emp]or1 ! ,sun
 ( ,heav51 triumph$ ov] ,%uhyung1 !     
demon ( d>kness & e>?4 ,! ,titan1 9 8   

dea? agony1 /ruck 8 head aga9/ ! sol>   
vault & %iv]$ ! blue dome ( jade into   
fragm5ts4 ,! />s lo/ _! ne/s1 ! moon    
w&]$ aimlessly among ! wild *asms ( !   
night4 ,9 despair ! ,yell[ ,emp]or s\ght
 f> & wide = ! repair] ( ! ,heav5s4 ,he 
_h n to se>* 9 va94 ,out ( ! ,ea/]n sea 
rose a que51 ! div9e ,niuka1 horn-cr[n$ 
& dragon-tail$1 respl5d5t 9 h] armor (  
fire4 ,%e weld$ ! five-col\r$ ra9b[ 9 h]
 magic cauldron & rebuilt ! ,*9ese sky4 
,b x is told t ,niuka =got to fill two  
t9y crevices 9 ! blue firmam5t4 ,?us    
began ! dualism ( love--two s\ls roll+  
?r\gh space & nev] at re/ until !y jo9  
toge!r to complete ! univ]se4 ,ev]yone  
has to build anew 8 sky ( hope & peace4 
,! heav5 ( mod]n humanity is inde$      
%att]$ 9 ! ,cyclopean /ruggle = weal? & 
p[]4 ,! _w is grop+ 9 ! %ad[ ( egotism &
 vulg>ity4 ,k is b\ght ?r\gh a bad      
consci5ce1 b5evol5ce practic$ = ! sake (
 utility4 ,! ,ea/ & ! ,we/1 l two       
dragons toss$ 9 a sea ( f]m5t1 9 va9    
/rive to rega9 ! jewel ( life4 ,we ne$ a

 ,niuka aga9 to repair ! gr& deva/ation2
 we await ! great ,avat>4 ,mean:ile1 let
 u h a sip ( tea4 ,! aft]noon gl[ is    
bright5+ ! bamboos1 ! f\nta9s are bubbl+
 ) delight1 ! s\gh+ ( ! p9es is he>d 9  
our kettle4 ,let u dream ( evanesc5ce1 &
 l+] 9 ! beautiful fooli%ness ( ?+s4    
,,ii4 ,! ,s*ools ( ,tea4   ,tea is a "w 
( art & ne$s a ma/] h& to br+ out its   
noble/ qualities4 ,we h good & bad tea1 
z we h good & bad pa9t+s--g5]ally !     
latt]4 ,!re is no s+le recipe = mak+ !  
p]fect tea1 z !re are no rules = produc+
 a ,titian or a ,sesson4 ,ea* prep>ation
 ( ! leaves has its individuality1 its  
special aff9ity ) wat] & heat1 its own  
me?od ( tell+ a /ory4 ,! truly beautiful
 mu/ always be 9 x4 ,h[ mu* d we n suff]
 ?r\gh ! con/ant failure ( society to   
recognise ?is simple & fundam5tal law ( 
art & life2 ,li*ilai1 a ,sung poet1 has 
sadly rem>k$ t !re 7 ?ree mo/ deplorable
 ?+s 9 ! _w3 ! spoil+ ( f9e y\?s ?r\gh  
false education1 ! degradation ( f9e art
 ?r\gh vulg> admiration1 & ! utt] wa/e (

 f9e tea ?r\gh incompet5t manipulation4 
,l ,art1 ,tea has its p]iods & its      
s*ools4 ,its evolution may be r\ghly    
divid$ into ?ree ma9 /ages3 ! ,boil$    
,tea1 ! ,:ipp$ ,tea1 & ! ,/eep$ ,tea4   
,we mod]ns belong to ! la/ s*ool4 ,^!   
sev]al me?ods ( appreciat+ ! bev]age are
 indicative ( ! _s ( ! age 9 :i* !y     
prevail$4 ,= life is an expression1 our 
unconsci\s actions ! con/ant betrayal ( 
our inn]mo/ ?\ght4 ,confucius said t man
 hide? n4 ,p]haps we reveal ourselves   
too mu* 9 small ?+s because we h s      
little ( ! great to conceal4 ,! t9y     
incid5ts ( daily r\t9e are z mu* a      
comm5t>y ( racial ideals z ! highe/     
flight ( philosophy or poetry4 ,ev5 z ! 
diff]5ce 9 favorite v9tage m>ks !       
sep>ate idiosyncrasies ( diff]5t p]iods 
& nationalities ( ,europe1 s !          
,tea-ideals *>act]ise ! v>i\s moods (   
,ori5tal culture4 ,! ,cake-tea :i* 0    
boil$1 ! ,p[d]$-tea :i* 0 :ipp$1 !      
,leaf-tea :i* 0 /eep$1 m>k ! di/9ct     
emotional impulses ( ! ,tang1 ! ,sung1 &

 ! ,m+ dyna/ies ( ,*9a4 ,if we 7 incl9$ 
to borr[ ! mu*-abus$ t]m9ology (        
art-classification1 we might designate  
!m respectively1 ! ,classic1 !          
,romantic1 & ! ,naturali/ic s*ools (    
,tea4  ,! tea-plant1 a native ( s\!rn   
,*9a1 0 kn[n f v e>ly times to ,*9ese   
botany & m$ic9e4 ,x is allud$ to 9 !    
classics "u ! v>i\s names ( ,t\1 ,tseh1 
,*ung1 ,kha1 & ,m+1 & 0 highly priz$ =  
possess+ ! virtues ( reliev+ fatigue1   
delight+ ! s\l1 /r5g!n+ ! w1 & repair+ !
 eyesight4 ,x 0 n only adm9i/]$ z an    
int]nal dose1 b (t5 appli$ ext]nally 9  
=m ( pa/e to alleviate rheumatic pa9s4  
,! ,taoi/s claim$ x z an important      
+r$i5t ( ! elixir ( immortality4 ,!     
,buddhi/s us$ x ext5sively to prev5t    
dr[s9ess dur+ _! long h\rs ( m$itation4 
,by ! f\r? & fif? c5turies ,tea became a
 fav\rite bev]age among ! inhabitants ( 
! ,yangtse-,kiang valley4 ,x 0 ab\t ?is 
"t t mod]n ideograph ,*a 0 co9$1        
evid5tly a corruption ( ! classic ,t\4  
,! poets ( ! s\!rn dyna/ies h left "s   

fragm5ts ( _! f]v5t adoration ( ! fro? (
 ! liquid jade4 ,!n emp]ors us$ to be/[ 
"s r>e prep>ation ( ! leaves on _! high 
m9i/]s z a rew>d = em95t s]vices4 ,yet !
 me?od ( dr9k+ tea at ?is /age 0        
primitive 9 ! extreme4 ,! leaves 7      
/eam$1 cru%$ 9 a mort>1 made into a     
cake1 & boil$ toge!r ) rice1 g+]1 salt1 
orange peel1 spices1 milk1 & sometimes )
 onions6 ,! cu/om obta9s at ! pres5t day
 among ! ,?ibetans & v>i\s ,mongolian   
tribes1 :o make a curi\s syrup ( ^!     
+r$i5ts4 ,! use ( lemon slices by !     
,russians1 :o le>n$ to take tea f !     
,*9ese c>avans>ies1 po9ts to ! survival 
( ! anci5t me?od4  ,x ne$$ ! g5ius ( !  
,tang dyna/y to emancipate ,tea f its   
crude /ate & lead to its f9al           
idealization4 ,) ,luwuh 9 ! middle ( !  
eigh? c5tury we h our fir/ apo/le ( tea4
 ,he 0 born 9 an age :5 ,buddhism1      
,taoism1 & ,confucianism 7 seek+ mutual 
syn!sis4 ,! pan!i/ic symbolism ( ! "t 0 
urg+ "o to mirror ! ,univ]sal 9 !       
,p>ticul>4 ,luwuh1 a poet1 saw 9 !      

,tea-s]vice ! same h>mony & ord] :i*    
reign$ ?r\gh all ?+s4 ,9 8 celebrat$ "w1
 ! ,*ak+ 7,! ,holy ,scripture ( ,tea7 he
 =mulat$ ! ,code ( ,tea4 ,he has s9ce   
be5 wor%ipp$ z ! tutel>y god ( ! ,*9ese 
tea m]*ants4  ,! ,*ak+ consi/s ( ?ree   
volumes & t5 *apt]s4 ,9 ! fir/ *apt]    
,luwuh treats ( ! nature ( ! tea-plant1 
9 ! second ( ! implem5ts = ga!r+ !      
leaves1 9 ! ?ird ( ! selection ( !      
leaves4 ,accord+ to him ! be/ quality ( 
! leaves mu/ h creases l ! lea!rn boot (
 ,t>t> horsem51 curl l ! dewlap ( a     
mighty bullock1 unfold l a mi/ ris+ out 
( a rav9e1 gleam l a lake t\*$ by a     
zephyr1 & be wet & s(t l f9e e>? newly  
swept by ra94  ,! f\r? *apt] is devot$  
to ! enum]ation & description ( !       
tw5ty-f\r memb]s ( ! tea-equipage1      
beg9n+ ) ! tripod brazi] & end+ ) !     
bamboo cab9et = conta9+ all ^! ut5sils4 
,"h we notice ,luwuh's pr$ilection =    
,taoi/ symbolism4 ,also x is int]e/+ to 
obs]ve 9 ?is connection ! influ5ce ( tea
 on ,*9ese c]amics4 ,! ,cele/ial        

porcela91 z is well kn[n1 _h its orig9 9
 an attempt to reproduce ! exquisite    
%ade ( jade1 result+1 9 ! ,tang dyna/y1 
9 ! blue glaze ( ! s\?1 & ! :ite glaze (
 ! nor?4 ,luwuh consid]$ ! blue z !     
ideal col\r = ! tea-cup1 z x l5t        
additional gre5ness to ! bev]age1 :]eas 
! :ite made x look p9ki% & di/a/eful4 ,x
 0 because he us$ cake-tea4 ,lat] on1 :5
 ! tea ma/]s ( ,sung took to ! p[d]$    
tea1 !y pref]r$ heavy b[ls ( blue-black 
& d>k br[n4 ,! ,m+s1 ) _! /eep$ tea1    
rejoic$ 9 light w>e ( :ite porcela94  ,9
 ! fif? *apt] ,luwuh describes ! me?od (
 mak+ tea4 ,he elim9ates all +r$i5ts    
except salt4 ,he dwells also on !       
mu*-discuss$ "q ( ! *oice ( wat] & !    
degree ( boil+ x4 ,accord+ to him1 !    
m\nta9 spr+ is ! be/1 ! riv] wat] & !   
spr+ wat] come next 9 ! ord] (          
excell5ce4 ,!re are ?ree /ages ( boil+3 
! fir/ boil is :5 ! little bubbles l !  
eye ( fi%es swim on ! surface2 ! second 
boil is :5 ! bubbles are l cry/al beads 
roll+ 9 a f\nta92 ! ?ird boil is :5 !   

bill[s surge wildly 9 ! kettle4 ,!      
,cake-tea is roa/$ be=e ! fire until x  
becomes s(t l a baby's arm & is %r$d$   
into p[d] betwe5 pieces ( f9e pap]4     
,salt is put 9 ! fir/ boil1 ! tea 9 !   
second4 ,at ! ?ird boil1 a dipp]ful (   
cold wat] is p\r$ into ! kettle to      
settle ! tea & revive ! y\? ( ! wat]4   
,!n ! bev]age 0 p\r$ into cups & drunk4 
,o nect>6 ,! filmy leaflet hung l scaly 
cl\ds 9 a s]5e sky or float$ l          
wat]lilies on em]ald /reams4 ,x 0 ( su* 
a bev]age t ,lotung1 a ,tang poet1      
wrote3 ,! fir/ cup moi/5s my lips &     
?roat1 ! second cup breaks my lonel9ess1
 ! ?ird cup se>*es my b>r5 entrail b to 
f9d !re9 "s five ?\s& volumes ( odd     
ideographs4 ,! f\r? cup raises a slight 
p]spiration1--all ! wrong ( life passes 
away ?r\gh my pores4 ,at ! fif? cup ,i  
am purifi$2 ! six? cup calls me to !    
realms ( ! immortals4 ,! sev5? cup--ah1 
b ,i c\ld take no m6 ,i only feel !     
brea? ( cool w9d t rises 9 my sleeves4  
,:]e is ,horaisan8 ,let me ride on ?is  

sweet breeze & waft away ?i!r4  ,!      
rema9+ *apt]s ( ! ,*ak+ treat ( !       
vulg>ity ( ! ord9>y me?ods ( tea-dr9k+1 
a hi/orical summ>y ( illu/ri\s          
tea-dr9k]s1 ! fam\s tea plantations (   
,*9a1 ! possible v>iations ( !          
tea-s]vice & illu/rations ( !           
tea-ut5sils4 ,! la/ is un=tunately lo/4 
,! appe>ance ( ! ,*ak+ mu/ h creat$     
consid]able s5sation at ! "t4 ,luwuh 0  
befri5d$ by ! ,emp]or ,taisung          
7#gfc-ggi71 & 8 fame attract$ _m        
foll[]s4 ,"s exquisites 7 said to h be5 
able to detect ! tea made by ,luwuh f t 
( 8 disciples4 ,"o m&>9 has 8 "n        
immortalis$ by 8 failure to appreciate !
 tea ( ?is great ma/]4  ,9 ! ,sung      
dyna/y ! :ipp$ tea came into fa%ion &   
creat$ ! second s*ool ( ,tea4 ,! leaves 
7 gr\nd to f9e p[d] 9 a small /one mill1
 & ! prep>ation 0 :ipp$ 9 hot wat] by a 
delicate :isk made ( split bamboo4 ,!   
new process l$ to "s *ange 9 !          
tea-equipage ( ,luwuh1 z well z 9 !     
*oice ( leaves4 ,salt 0 disc>d$ =ev]4 ,!

 en?usiasm ( ! ,sung p = tea knew no    
b\nds4 ,epicures vi$ ) ea* o!r 9        
discov]+ new v>ieties1 & regul>         
t\rnam5ts 7 held to decide _!           
sup]iority4 ,! ,emp]or ,kiasung         
7#aaja-aabd71 :o 0 too great an arti/ to
 be a well-behav$ mon>*1 lavi%$ 8       
treasures on ! atta9m5t ( r>e species4  
,he himself wrote a diss]tation on !    
tw5ty k9ds ( tea1 among :i* he prizes ! 
:ite tea z ( ! r>e/ & f9e/ quality4  ,! 
tea-ideal ( ! ,sungs diff]$ f ! ,tangs  
ev5 z _! notion ( life diff]$4 ,!y s\ght
 to actualize :at _! pr$ecessors tri$ to
 symbolise4 ,to ! ,neo-,confucian m9d ! 
cosmic law 0 n reflect$ 9 ! ph5om5al _w1
 b ! ph5om5al _w 0 ! cosmic law itself4 
,aeons 7 b mom5ts--,nirvana always )9   
grasp4 ,! ,taoi/ conception t           
immortality lay 9 ! et]nal *ange p]meat$
 all _! modes ( ?\ght4 ,x 0 ! process1 n
 ! de$1 :i* 0 int]e/+4 ,x 0 ! complet+1 
n ! completion1 :i* 0 really vital4 ,man
 came ?us at once face to face ) nature4
 ,a new mean+ grew into ! art ( life4 ,!

 tea began to be n a poetical pa/ime1 b 
"o ( ! me?ods ( self-realisation4       
,wangyu*5g eulogis$ tea z flood+ 8 s\l l
 a direct appeal1 t its delicate        
bitt]ness rem9d$ him ( ! aft]ta/e ( a   
good c\nsel4 ,sotumpa wrote ( ! /r5g? ( 
! immaculate purity 9 tea :i* defi$     
corruption z a truly virtu\s man4 ,among
 ! ,buddhi/s1 ! s\!rn ,z5 sect1 :i*     
incorporat$ s mu* ( ,taoi/ doctr9es1    
=mulat$ an elaborate ritual ( tea4 ,!   
monks ga!r$ be=e ! image ( ,bodhi ,dh>ma
 & drank tea out ( a s+le b[l ) ! pr(\nd
 =mality ( a holy sacram5t4 ,x 0 ?is ,z5
 ritual :i* f9ally develop$ into !      
,tea-c]emony ( ,japan 9 ! fifte5?       
c5tury4  ,un=tunately ! sudd5 outbur/ ( 
! ,mongol tribes 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury :i* 
result$ 9 ! deva/ation & conque/ ( ,*9a 
"u ! b>b>ic rule ( ! ,yu5 ,emp]ors1     
de/roy$ all ! fruits ( ,sung culture4 ,!
 native dyna/y ( ! ,m+s :i* attempt$    
re-nationalisation 9 ! middle ( !       
fifte5? c5tury 0 h>ass$ by int]nal      
tr\bles1 & ,*9a aga9 fell "u ! ali5 rule

 ( ! ,man*us 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4       
,mann]s & cu/oms *ang$ to leave no      
ve/ige ( ! =m] times4 ,! p[d]$ tea is   
entirely =gott54 ,we f9d a ,m+          
comm5tator at loss to recall ! %ape ( ! 
tea :isk m5tion$ 9 "o ( ! ,sung         
classics4 ,tea is n[ tak5 by /eep+ !    
leaves 9 hot wat] 9 a b[l or cup4 ,!    
reason :y ! ,we/]n _w is innoc5t ( !    
old] me?od ( dr9k+ tea is expla9$ by !  
fact t ,europe knew x only at ! close ( 
! ,m+ dyna/y4  ,to ! latt]-day ,*9ese   
tea is a delici\s bev]age1 b n an ideal4
 ,! long woes ( 8 c\ntry h robb$ him ( !
 ze/ = ! mean+ ( life4 ,he has become   
mod]n1 t is to say1 old & dis5*ant$4 ,he
 has lo/ t sublime fai? 9 illusions :i* 
con/itutes ! et]nal y\? & vig\r ( !     
poets & anci5ts4 ,he is an eclectic &   
politely accepts ! traditions ( !       
univ]se4 ,he toys ) ,nature1 b does n   
condesc5d to conqu] or wor%ip h]4 ,8    
,leaf-tea is (t5 wond]ful ) its fl[]-l  
aroma1 b ! romance ( ! ,tang & ,sung    
c]emonials are n to be f\nd 9 8 cup4    

,japan1 :i* foll[$ closely on ! foot/eps
 ( ,*9ese civilisation1 has kn[n ! tea 9
 all its ?ree /ages4 ,z e>ly z ! ye>    
#gbi we read ( ! ,emp]or ,%omu giv+ tea 
to "o hundr$ monks at 8 palace 9 ,n>a4  
,! leaves 7 probably import$ by our     
ambassadors to ! ,tang ,c\rt & prep>$ 9 
! way !n 9 fa%ion4 ,9 #hja ! monk ,sai*o
 br\ght back "s se$s & plant$ !m 9      
,yeisan4 ,_m tea-g>d5s are he>d ( 9     
succe$+ c5turies1 z well z ! delight ( !
 ari/ocracy & prie/hood 9 ! bev]age4 ,! 
,sung tea rea*$ u 9 #aaia ) ! return (  
,yeisai-z5ji1 :o w5t !re to /udy ! s\!rn
 ,z5 s*ool4 ,! new se$s :i* he c>ri$    
home 7 successfully plant$ 9 ?ree       
places1 "o ( :i*1 ! ,uji di/rict ne>    
,kioto1 be>s /ill ! "n ( produc+ ! be/  
tea 9 ! _w4 ,! s\!rn ,z5 spread )       
m>vel\s rapidity1 & ) x ! tea-ritual & !
 tea-ideal ( ! ,sung4 ,by ! fifte5?     
c5tury1 "u ! patronage ( ! ,%ogun1      
,a%ikaga-,vo%9asa1 ! tea c]emony is     
fully con/itut$ & made into an indep5d5t
 & secul> p]=mance4 ,s9ce !n ,teaism is 

fully e/abli%$ 9 ,japan4 ,! use ( !     
/eep$ tea ( ! lat] ,*9a is comp>atively 
rec5t among u1 be+ only kn[n s9ce !     
middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x has      
replac$ ! p[d]$ tea 9 ord9>y            
consumption1 ?\gh ! latt] /ill cont9ues 
to hold its place z ! tea ( teas4  ,x is
 9 ! ,japanese tea c]emony t we see !   
culm9ation ( tea-ideals4 ,our successful
 resi/ance ( ! ,mongol invasion 9 #abha 
_h enabl$ u to c>ry on ! ,sung movem5t s
 disa/r\sly cut (f 9 ,*9a itself ?r\gh !
 nomadic inroad4 ,tea ) u became m ?an  
an idealisation ( ! =m ( dr9k+2 x is a  
religion ( ! art ( life4 ,! bev]age grew
 to be an excuse = ! wor%ip ( purity &  
ref9em5t1 a sacr$ function at :i* ! ho/ 
& gue/ jo9$ to produce = t occasion !   
utmo/ beatitude ( ! mundane4 ,! tea-room
 0 an oasis 9 ! dre>y wa/e ( exi/5ce :]e
 we>y travell]s c\ld meet to dr9k f !   
common spr+ ( art-appreciation4 ,!      
c]emony 0 an improvis$ drama ^: plot 0  
wov5 ab\t ! tea1 ! fl[]s1 & ! pa9t+s4 ,n
 a col\r to di/urb ! tone ( ! room1 n a 

s\nd to m> ! rhy?m ( ?+s1 n a ge/ure to 
obtrude on ! h>mony1 n a ^w to break !  
unity ( ! surr\nd+s1 all movem5ts to be 
p]=m$ simply & naturally--su* 7 ! aims (
 ! tea-c]emony4 ,& /rangely en\gh x 0   
(t5 successful4 ,a subtle philosophy lay
 beh9d x all4 ,teaism 0 ,taoism 9       
disguise4     ,,iii4 ,taoism & ,z5nism  
,! connection ( ,z5nism ) tea is        
prov]bial4 ,we h already rem>k$ t !     
tea-c]emony 0 a developm5t ( ! ,z5      
ritual4 ,! "n ( ,laotse1 ! f\nd] (      
,taoism1 is also intimately associat$ ) 
! hi/ory ( tea4 ,x is writt5 9 ! ,*9ese 
s*ool manual conc]n+ ! orig9 ( habits & 
cu/oms t ! c]emony ( (f]+ tea to a gue/ 
began ) ,kwany91 a well-kn[n disciple ( 
,laotse1 :o fir/ at ! gate ( ! ,han     
,pass pres5t$ to ! ,old ,philosoph] a   
cup ( ! gold5 elixir4 ,we %all n /op to 
discuss ! au!nticity ( su* tales1 :i*   
are valuable1 h[ev]1 z confirm+ ! e>ly  
use ( ! bev]age by ! ,taoi/s4 ,our      
int]e/ 9 ,taoism & ,z5nism "h lies ma9ly
 9 ^? ideas reg>d+ life & art :i* are s 

embodi$ 9 :at we call ,teaism4  ,x is to
 be regrett$ t z yet !re appe>s to be no
 adequate pres5tation ( ! ,taoi/s & ,z5 
doctr9es 9 any =eign language1 ?\gh we h
 _h sev]al laudable attempts4           
,translation is always a treason1 & z a 
,m+ au?or obs]ves1 c at its be/ be only 
! rev]se side ( a brocade1--all ! ?reads
 are !re1 b n ! subtlety ( col\r or     
design4 ,b1 aft] all1 :at great doctr9e 
is !re :i* is easy to exp\nd8 ,! anci5t 
sages nev] put _! tea*+s 9 sy/ematic =m4
 ,!y spoke 9 p>adoxes1 = !y 7 afraid (  
utt]+ half-tru?s4 ,!y began by talk+ l  
fools & end$ by mak+ _! he>]s wise4     
,laotse himself1 ) 8 qua9t hum\r1 says1 
,if p ( inf]ior intellig5ce he> ( !     
,tao1 !y laugh imm5sely4 ,x w\ld n be ! 
,tao unless !y laugh$ at x4  ,! ,tao    
lit]ally means a ,pa?4 ,x has be5       
sev]ally translat$ z ! ,way1 !          
,absolute1 ! ,law1 ,nature1 ,supreme    
,reason1 ! ,mode4 ,^! r5d]+s are n      
incorrect1 = ! use ( ! t]m by ! ,taoi/s 
diff]s accord+ to ! subject-matt] ( !   

inquiry4 ,laotse himself spoke ( x ?us3 
,!re is a ?+ :i* is all-conta9+1 :i* 0  
born be=e ! exi/5ce ( ,heav5 & ,e>?4 ,h[
 sil5t6 ,h[ solit>y6 ,x /&s alone &     
*anges n4 ,x revolves )\t dang] to      
itself & is ! "m ( ! univ]se4 ,i d n "k 
its "n & s call x ! ,pa?4 ,) reluctance 
,i call x ! ,inf9ite4 ,inf9ity is !     
,fleet+1 ! ,fleet+ is ! ,vani%+1 !      
,vani%+ is ! ,rev]t+4 ,! ,tao is 9 !    
,passage r ?an ! ,pa?4 ,x is ! _s (     
,cosmic ,*ange1--! et]nal gr[? :i*      
returns ^u itself to produce new =ms4 ,x
 recoils ^u itself l ! dragon1 ! belov$ 
symbol ( ! ,taoi/s4 ,x folds & unfolds z
 d ! cl\ds4 ,! ,tao might be spok5 ( z !
 ,great ,transition4 ,subjectively x is 
! ,mood ( ! ,univ]se4 ,its ,absolute is 
! ,relative4  ,x %\ld be rememb]$ 9 !   
fir/ place t ,taoism1 l its legitimate  
successor ,z5nism1 repres5ts !          
individuali/ic tr5d ( ! ,s\!rn ,*9ese   
m9d 9 contra-di/9ction to ! communism ( 
,nor!rn ,*9a :i* express$ itself 9      
,confucianism4 ,! ,middle ,k+dom is z   

va/ z ,europe & has a diff]5tiation (   
idiosyncrasies m>k$ by ! two great riv] 
sy/ems :i* trav]se x4 ,! ,yangtse-,kiang
 & ,hoang-,ho are respectively !        
,m$it]ranean & ! ,baltic4 ,ev5 to-day1 9
 spite ( c5turies ( unification1 !      
,s\!rn ,cele/ial diff]s 9 8 ?\ghts &    
beliefs f 8 ,nor!rn bro!r z a memb] ( ! 
,lat9 race diff]s f ! ,teuton4 ,9 anci5t
 days1 :5 communication 0 ev5 m         
difficult ?an at pres5t1 & especially   
dur+ ! feudal p]iod1 ?is diff]5ce 9     
?\ght 0 mo/ pron\nc$4 ,! art & poetry ( 
! "o brea!s an atmosph]e entirely di/9ct
 f t ( ! o!r4 ,9 ,laotse & 8 foll[]s & 9
 ,kutsug51 ! =]unn] ( ! ,yangtse-,kiang 
nature-poets1 we f9d an idealism q      
inconsi/5t ) ! prosaic e?ical notions ( 
_! contempor>y nor!rn writ]s4 ,laotse   
liv$ five c5turies be=e ! ,*ri/ian ,era4
  ,! g]m ( ,taoi/ speculation may be    
f\nd long be=e ! adv5t ( ,laotse1       
surnam$ ! ,long-,e>$4 ,! ar*aic records 
( ,*9a1 especially ! ,book ( ,*anges1   
=e%ad[ 8 ?\ght4 ,b ! great respect paid 

to ! laws & cu/oms ( t classic p]iod (  
,*9ese civilisation :i* culm9at$ ) !    
e/abli%m5t ( ! ,*[ dyna/y 9 ! sixte5?   
c5tury ,b4,c41 kept ! developm5t (      
individualism 9 *eck = a long :ile1 s t 
x 0 n until aft] ! dis9tegration ( ! ,*[
 dyna/y & ! e/abli%m5t ( innum]able     
indep5d5t k+doms t x 0 able to blossom  
=? 9 ! luxuriance ( free-?\ght4 ,laotse 
& ,so%i 7,*uangtse7 7 bo? ,s\!rn]s & !  
greate/ expon5ts ( ! ,new ,s*ool4 ,on ! 
o!r h&1 ,confucius ) 8 num]\s disciples 
aim$ at reta9+ ance/ral conv5tions4     
,taoism _c be und]/ood )\t "s k (       
,confucianism & vice v]sa4  ,we h said t
 ! ,taoi/ ,absolute 0 ! ,relative4 ,9   
e?ics ! ,taoi/ rail$ at ! laws & ! moral
 codes ( society1 = to !m "r & wrong 7 b
 relative t]ms4 ,def9ition is always    
limitation--! fix$ & un*angeless are b  
t]ms expressive ( a /oppage ( gr[?4     
,said ,kuzug51--,! ,sages move ! _w4    
,our /&>ds ( morality are begott5 ( !   
pa/ ne$s ( society1 b is society to     
rema9 always ! same8 ,! obs]vance (     

communal traditions involves a con/ant  
sacrifice ( ! individual to ! /ate4     
,education1 9 ord] to keep up ! mighty  
delusion1 enc\rages a species (         
ignorance4 ,p are n taught to be really 
virtu\s1 b to behave prop]ly4 ,we are   
wick$ because we are frightfully        
self-consci\s4 ,we nurse a consci5ce    
because we are afraid to tell ! tru? to 
o!rs2 we take refuge 9 pride because we 
are afraid to tell ! tru? to ourselves4 
,h[ c "o be s]i\s ) ! _w :5 ! _w itself 
is s ridicul\s6 ,! _s ( b>t] is ev]y:]e4
 ,hon\r & ,*a/ity6 ,behold ! complac5t  
salesman retail+ ! ,good & ,true4 ,"o c 
ev5 buy a s-call$ ,religion1 :i* is     
really b common morality sanctifi$ )    
fl[]s & music4 ,rob ! ,*ur* ( h]        
accessories & :at rema9s beh9d8 ,yet !  
tru/s ?rive m>vel\sly1 = ! prices are   
absurdly *eap1--a pray] = a ticket to   
heav51 a diploma = an hon\rable         
citiz5%ip4 ,hide y\rself "u a bu%el     
quickly1 = if y\r real usefulness 7 kn[n
 to ! _w y w\ld soon be knock$ d[n to ! 

highe/ bidd] by ! public auctione]4 ,:y 
d m5 & wom5 l to adv]tise !mselves s    
mu*8 ,is x n b an in/9ct d]iv$ f ! days 
( slav]y8  ,! virility ( ! idea lies n  
less 9 its p[] ( break+ ?r\gh           
contempor>y ?\ght ?an 9 its capacity =  
dom9at+ subsequ5t movem5ts4 ,taoism 0 an
 active p[] dur+ ! ,%9 dyna/y1 t epo* ( 
,*9ese unification f :i* we d]ive ! "n  
,*9a4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ _h we "t to    
note its influ5ce on contempor>y ?9k]s1 
! ma!maticians1 writ]s on law & w>1 !   
my/ics & al*emi/s & ! lat] nature-poets 
( ! ,yangtse-,kiang4 ,we %\ld n ev5     
ignore ^? speculators on ,reality :o    
d\bt$ :e!r a :ite horse 0 real because  
he 0 :ite1 or because he 0 solid1 nor ! 
,conv]sationali/s ( ! ,six dyna/ies :o1 
l ! ,z5 philosoph]s1 revell$ 9          
discussions conc]n+ ! ,pure & !         
,ab/ract4 ,above all we %\ld pay homage 
to ,taoism = :at x has done t[>d !      
=mation ( ! ,cele/ial "*1 giv+ to x a   
c]ta9 capacity = res]ve & ref9em5t z w>m
 z jade4 ,*9ese hi/ory is full (        

in/ances 9 :i* ! vot>ies ( ,taoism1     
pr9ces & h]mits alike1 foll[$ ) v>i$ &  
int]e/+ results ! tea*+s ( _! cre$4 ,!  
tale w n be )\t its quota ( in/ruction &
 amusem5t4 ,x w be ri* 9 anecdotes1     
allegories1 & aphorisms4 ,we w\ld fa9 be
 on speak+ t]ms ) ! delightful emp]or :o
 nev] di$ because he _h nev] liv$4 ,we  
may ride ! w9d ) ,liehtse & f9d x       
absolutely quiet because we ourselves   
are ! w9d1 or dwell 9 mid-air ) ! ,ag$  
"o ( ! ,hoang-,ho1 :o liv$ betwixt      
,heav5 & ,e>? because he 0 subject to   
nei!r ! "o nor ! o!r4 ,ev5 9 t grotesque
 apology = ,taoism :i* we f9d 9 ,*9a at 
! pres5t day1 we c revel 9 a weal? (    
imag]y impossible to f9d 9 any o!r cult4
  ,b ! *ief contribution ( ,taoism to   
,asiatic life has be5 9 ! realm (       
ae/hetics4 ,*9ese hi/orians h always    
spok5 ( ,taoism z ! art ( be+ 9 ! _w1 = 
x deals ) ! pres5t--ourselves4 ,x is 9 u
 t ,god meets ) ,nature1 & ye/]day p>ts 
f to-morr[4 ,! ,pres5t is ! mov+        
,inf9ity1 ! legitimate sph]e ( !        

,relative4 ,relativity seeks ,adju/m5t2 
,adju/m5t is ,art4 ,! art ( life lies 9 
a con/ant readju/m5t to our surr\nd+s4  
,taoism accepts ! mundane z x is &1     
unlike ! ,confucians or ! ,buddhi/s1    
tries to f9d beauty 9 our _w ( woe &    
worry4 ,! ,sung allegory ( ! ,?ree      
,v9eg> ,ta/]s expla9s admirably ! tr5d (
 ! ?ree doctr9es4 ,sakyamuni1           
,confucius1 & ,laotse once /ood be=e a  
j> ( v9eg>--! emblem ( life--& ea* dipp$
 9 8 f+] to ta/e ! brew4 ,! matt]-(-fact
 ,confucius f\nd x s\r1 ! ,buddha call$ 
x bitt]1 & ,laotse pron\nc$ x sweet4  ,!
 ,taoi/s claim$ t ! com$y ( life c\ld be
 made m int]e/+ if ev]yone w\ld pres]ve 
! unities4 ,to keep ! proportion ( ?+s &
 give place to o!rs )\t los+ "o's own   
position 0 ! secret ( success 9 !       
mundane drama4 ,we mu/ "k ! :ole play 9 
ord] to prop]ly act our p>ts2 !         
conception ( totality mu/ nev] be lo/ 9 
t ( ! individual4 ,?is ,laotse          
illu/rates by 8 fav\rite metaphor ( !   
,vacuum4 ,he claim$ t only 9 vacuum lay 

! truly ess5tial4 ,! reality ( a room1 =
 in/ance1 0 to be f\nd 9 ! vacant space 
enclos$ by ! ro( & ! walls1 n 9 ! ro( & 
walls !mselves4 ,! usefulness ( a wat]  
pit*] dwelt 9 ! empt9ess :]e wat] might 
be put1 n 9 ! =m ( ! pit*] or ! mat]ial 
( :i* x 0 made4 ,vacuum is all pot5t    
because all conta9+4 ,9 vacuum alone    
motion becomes possible4 ,"o :o c\ld    
make ( himself a vacuum into :i* o!rs   
might freely ent] w\ld become ma/] ( all
 situations4 ,! :ole c always dom9ate ! 
"p4  ,^! ,taoi/s' ideas h greatly       
influ5c$ all our !ories ( action1 ev5 to
 ^? ( f5c+ & wre/l+4 ,jiu-jitsu1 !      
,japanese art ( self-def5ce1 owes its "n
 to a passage 9 ! ,tao-tek+4 ,9         
jiu-jitsu "o seeks to draw out & exhau/ 
! enemy's /r5g? by non-resi/ance1       
vacuum1 :ile cons]v+ "o's own /r5g? =   
victory 9 ! f9al /ruggle4 ,9 art !      
importance ( ! same pr9ciple is         
illu/rat$ by ! value ( sugge/ion4 ,9    
leav+ some?+ unsaid ! behold] is giv5 a 
*ance to complete ! idea & ?us a great  

ma/]piece irresi/ibly rivets y\r        
att5tion until y seem to become actually
 a "p ( x4 ,a vacuum is !re = y to ent] 
& fill up ! full measure ( y\r ae/hetic 
emotion4  ,he :o _h made himself ma/] ( 
! art ( liv+ 0 ! ,real man ( ! ,taoi/4  
,at bir? he ent]s ! realm ( dreams only 
to awak5 to reality at dea?4 ,he temp]s 
8 own brightness 9 ord] to m]ge himself 
into ! obscurity ( o!rs4 ,he is         
reluctant1 z "o :o crosses a /ream 9    
w9t]2 hesitat+ z "o :o fe>s !           
neighb\rhood2 respectful1 l a gue/2     
trembl+1 l ice t is ab\t to melt2       
unassum+1 l a piece ( wood n yet c>v$2  
vacant1 l a valley2 =mless1 l tr\bl$    
wat]s4 ,to him ! ?ree jewels ( life 7   
,pity1 ,economy1 & ,mode/y4  ,if n[ we  
turn our att5tion to ,z5nism we %all f9d
 t x emphasises ! tea*+s ( ,taoism4 ,z5 
is a "n d]iv$ f ! ,sanscrit ^w ,dhyana1 
:i* signifies m$itation4 ,x claims t    
?r\gh consecrat$ m$itation may be atta9$
 supreme self-realisation4 ,m$itation is
 "o ( ! six ways ?r\gh :i* ,buddhahood  

may be rea*$1 & ! ,z5 sect>ians affirm t
 ,sakyamuni laid special /ress on ?is   
me?od 9 8 lat] tea*+s1 h&+ d[n ! rules  
to 8 *ief disciple ,ka%iapa4 ,accord+ to
 _! tradition ,ka%iapa1 ! fir/ ,z5      
patri>*1 imp>t$ ! secret to ,an&a1 :o 9 
turn pass$ x on to successive patri>*s  
until x rea*$ ,bodhi-,dh>ma1 !          
tw5ty-eigh?4 ,bodhi-,dh>ma came to      
,nor!rn ,*9a 9 ! e>ly half ( ! six?     
c5tury & 0 ! fir/ patri>* ( ,*9ese ,z54 
,!re is mu* unc]ta9ty ab\t ! hi/ory ( ^!
 patri>*s & _! doctr9es4 ,9 its         
philosophical aspect e>ly ,z5nism seems 
to h aff9ity on "o h& to ! ,indian      
,negativism ( ,nag>juna & on ! o!r to ! 
,gnan philosophy =mulat$ by ,san*>a*>ya4
 ,! fir/ tea*+ ( ,z5 z we "k x at !     
pres5t day mu/ be attribut$ to ! six?   
,*9ese patri>* ,y5o7#fcg-gac71 f\nd] (  
,s\!rn ,z51 s-call$ f ! fact ( its      
pr$om9ance 9 ,s\!rn ,*9a4 ,he is closely
 foll[$ by ! great ,baso7di$ #ghh7 :o   
made ( ,z5 a liv+ influ5ce 9 ,cele/ial  
life4 ,hiakujo7#gai-had7 ! pupil (      

,baso1 fir/ in/itut$ ! ,z5 mona/]y &    
e/abli%$ a ritual & regulations = its   
gov]nm5t4 ,9 ! discussions ( ! ,z5 s*ool
 aft] ! "t ( ,baso we f9d ! play ( !    
,yangtse-,kiang m9d caus+ an accession (
 native modes ( ?\ght 9 contra/ to ! =m]
 ,indian idealism4 ,:atev] sect>ian     
pride may ass]t to ! contr>y "o _c help 
be+ impress$ by ! simil>ity ( ,s\!rn ,z5
 to ! tea*+s ( ,laotse & ! ,taoi/       
,conv]sationali/s4 ,9 ! ,tao-tek+ we    
already f9d allusions to ! importance ( 
self-conc5tration & ! ne$ ( prop]ly     
regulat+ ! brea?--ess5tial po9ts 9 !    
practice ( ,z5 m$itation4 ,"s ( ! be/   
comm5t>ies on ! ,book ( ,laotse h be5   
writt5 by ,z5 s*ol>s4  ,z5nism1 l       
,taoism1 is ! wor%ip ( ,relativity4 ,"o 
ma/] def9es ,z5 z ! art ( feel+ ! pol>  
/> 9 ! s\!rn sky4 ,tru? c be rea*$ only 
?r\gh ! compreh5sion ( opposites4 ,aga91
 ,z5nism1 l ,taoism1 is a /rong advocate
 ( individualism4 ,no?+ is real except t
 :i* conc]ns ! work+ ( our own m9ds4    
,y5o1 ! six? patri>*1 once saw two monks

 wat*+ ! flag ( a pagoda flutt]+ 9 !    
w9d4 ,"o said ,x is ! w9d t moves1 ! o!r
 said ,x is ! flag t moves2 b ,y5o      
expla9$ to !m t ! real movem5t 0 nei!r (
 ! w9d nor ! flag1 b ( some?+ )9 _! own 
m9ds4 ,hiakujo 0 walk+ 9 ! =e/ ) a      
disciple :5 a h>e scurri$ (f at _!      
approa*4 ,:y does ! h>e fly f y8 ask$   
,hiakujo4 ,because he is afraid ( me1 0 
! answ]4 ,no1 said ! ma/]1 x is because 
y h murd]\s in/9ct4 ,! dialogue recalls 
t ( ,so%i 7,*aungtse71 ! ,taoi/4 ,"o day
 ,so%i 0 walk+ on ! bank ( a riv] ) a   
fri5d4 ,h[ delightfully ! fi%es are     
enjoy+ !mselves 9 ! wat]6 exclaim$      
,so%i4 ,8 fri5d spake to him ?us3 ,y are
 n a fi%2 h[ d y "k t ! fi%es are enjoy+
 !mselves8 ,y are n myself1 return$     
,so%i2 h[ d y "k t ,i d n "k t ! fi%es  
are enjoy+ !mselves8  ,z5 0 (t5 oppos$  
to ! precepts ( or?odox ,buddhism ev5 z 
,taoism 0 oppos$ to ,confucianism4 ,to !
 transc5d5tal insight ( ! ,z51 words 7 b
 an incumbrance to ?\ght2 ! :ole sway ( 
,buddhi/ scriptures only comm5t>ies on  

p]sonal speculation4 ,! foll[]s ( ,z5   
aim$ at direct communion ) ! inn] nature
 ( ?+s1 reg>d+ _! outw>d accessories    
only z imp$im5ts to a cle> p]ception (  
,tru?4 ,x 0 ?is love ( ! ,ab/ract t l$ !
 ,z5 to pref] black & :ite sket*es to ! 
elaborately col\r$ pa9t+s ( ! classic   
,buddhi/ ,s*ool4 ,"s ( ! ,z5 ev5 became 
iconocla/ic z a result ( _! endeavor to 
recognise ! ,buddha 9 !mselves r ?an    
?r\gh images & symbolism4 ,we f9d       
,tankawo%o break+ up a wood5 /atue (    
,buddha on a w9try day to make a fire4  
,:at sacrilege6 said ! horror-/rick5    
by/&]4 ,i wi% to get ! ,%ali out ( !    
a%es1 calmly rejo9$ ! ,z54 ,b y c]ta9ly 
w n get ,%ali f ?is image6 0 ! angry    
retort1 to :i* ,tanka repli$1 ,if ,i d  
n1 ?is is c]ta9ly n a ,buddha & ,i am   
committ+ no sacrilege4 ,!n he turn$ to  
w>m himself ov] ! k9dl+ fire4  ,a       
special contribution ( ,z5 to ,ea/]n    
?\ght 0 its recognition ( ! mundane z ( 
equal importance ) ! spiritual4 ,x held 
t 9 ! great relation ( ?+s !re 0 no     

di/9ction ( small & great1 an atom      
possess+ equal possibilities ) !        
univ]se4 ,! seek] = p]fection mu/       
discov] 9 8 own life ! reflection ( !   
inn] light4 ,! organisation ( ! ,z5     
mona/]y 0 v significant ( ?is po9t (    
view4 ,to e memb]1 except ! abbot1 0    
assign$ "s special "w 9 ! c>etak+ ( !   
mona/]y1 & curi\sly en\gh1 to ! novices 
0 committ$ ! light] duties1 :ile to !   
mo/ respect$ & advanc$ monks 7 giv5 ! m 
irksome & m5ial tasks4 ,su* s]vices =m$ 
a "p ( ! ,z5 discipl9e & e lea/ action  
mu/ be done absolutely p]fectly4 ,?us _m
 a weighty discussion ensu$ :ile we$+ ! 
g>d51 p>+ a turnip1 or s]v+ tea4 ,! :ole
 ideal ( ,teaism is a result ( ?is ,z5  
conception ( greatness 9 ! smalle/      
incid5ts ( life4 ,taoism furni%$ ! basis
 = ae/hetic ideals1 ,z5nism made !m     
practical4     ,,iv4 ,! ,tea-,room   ,to
 ,european ar*itects br\ght up on !     
traditions ( /one & brick con/ruction1  
our ,japanese me?od ( build+ ) wood &   
bamboo seems sc>cely wor?y to be rank$ z

 ar*itecture4 ,x is b q rec5tly t a     
compet5t /ud5t ( ,we/]n ar*itecture has 
recognis$ & paid tribute to ! rem>kable 
p]fection ( our great temples4 ,su* be+ 
! case z reg>ds our classic ar*itecture1
 we c\ld h>dly expect ! outsid] to      
appreciate ! subtle beauty ( ! tea-room1
 its pr9ciples ( con/ruction &          
decoration be+ entirely diff]5t f ^? ( !
 ,we/4  ,! tea-room 7! ,sukiya7 does n  
pret5d to be o!r ?an a m]e cottage--a   
/raw hut1 z we call x4 ,! orig9al       
ideographs = ,sukiya mean ! ,abode (    
,fancy4 ,latt]ly ! v>i\s tea-ma/]s      
sub/itut$ v>i\s ,*9ese *>act]s accord+  
to _! conception ( ! tea-room1 & ! t]m  
,sukiya may signify ! ,abode ( ,vacancy 
or ! ,abode ( ! ,unsymmetrical4 ,x is an
 ,abode ( ,fancy inasmu* z x is an      
ephem]al /ructure built to h\se a poetic
 impulse4 ,x is an ,abode ( ,vacancy    
inasmu* z x is devoid ( ornam5tation    
except = :at may be plac$ 9 x to satisfy
 "s ae/hetic ne$ ( ! mom5t4 ,x is an    
,abode ( ! ,unsymmetrical inasmu* z x is

 consecrat$ to ! wor%ip ( ! ,imp]fect1  
purposely leav+ "s ?+ unf9i%$ = ! play (
 ! imag9ation to complete4 ,! ideals (  
,teaism h s9ce ! sixte5? c5tury influ5c$
 our ar*itecture to su* degree t !      
ord9>y ,japanese int]ior ( ! pres5t day1
 on acc\nt ( ! extreme simplicity &     
*a/5ess ( its s*eme ( decoration1 appe>s
 to =eign]s almo/ b>r54  ,! fir/        
indep5d5t tea-room 0 ! creation (       
,s5no-,soyeki1 commonly kn[n by 8 lat]  
"n ( ,rikiu1 ! greate/ ( all tea-ma/]s1 
:o1 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 "u ! patronage (
 ,taiko-,hideyo%i1 in/itut$ & br\ght to 
a high /ate ( p]fection ! =malities ( ! 
,tea-c]emony4 ,! proportions ( !        
tea-room _h be5 previ\sly det]m9$ by    
,j[o--a fam\s tea-ma/] ( ! fifte5?      
c5tury4 ,! e>ly tea-room consi/$ m]ely (
 a portion ( ! ord9>y draw+-room        
p>tition$ (f by scre5s = ! purpose ( !  
tea-ga!r+4 ,! portion p>tition$ (f 0    
call$ ! ,kakoi 7enclosure71 a "n /ill   
appli$ to ^? tea-rooms :i* are built    
into a h\se & are n indep5d5t           

con/ructions4 ,! ,sukiya consi/s ( !    
tea-room prop]1 design$ to accommodate n
 m ?an five p]sons1 a numb] sugge/ive ( 
! say+ m ?an ! ,graces & less ?an !     
,muses1 an ant]oom 7midsuya7 :]e ! tea  
ut5sils are wa%$ & arrang$ be=e be+     
br\ght 91 a portico 7ma*iai7 9 :i* !    
gue/s wait until !y receive ! summons to
 ent] ! tea-room1 & a g>d5 pa? 7! roji7 
:i* connects ! ma*iai ) ! tea-room4 ,!  
tea-room is unimpressive 9 appe>ance4 ,x
 is small] ?an ! smalle/ ( ,japanese    
h\ses1 :ile ! mat]ials us$ 9 its        
con/ruction are int5d$ to give !        
sugge/ion ( ref9$ pov]ty4 ,yet we mu/   
rememb] t all ?is is ! result ( pr(\nd  
arti/ic =e?\ght1 & t ! details h be5    
work$ out ) c>e p]haps ev5 great] ?an t 
exp5d$ on ! build+ ( ! ri*e/ palaces &  
temples4 ,a good tea-room is m co/ly ?an
 an ord9>y mansion1 = ! selection ( its 
mat]ials1 z well z its workman%ip1      
requires imm5se c>e & precision4 ,inde$1
 ! c>p5t]s employ$ by ! tea-ma/]s =m a  
di/9ct & highly hon\r$ class among      

artisans1 _! "w be+ no less delicate ?an
 t ( ! mak]s ( lacqu] cab9ets4  ,!      
tea-room is n only diff]5t f any        
production ( ,we/]n ar*itecture1 b also 
contra/s /rongly ) ! classical          
ar*itecture ( ,japan itself4 ,our anci5t
 noble edifices1 :e!r secul> or         
ecclesia/ical1 7 n to be despis$ ev5 z  
reg>ds _! m]e size4 ,! few t h be5 sp>$ 
9 ! disa/r\s conflagrations ( c5turies  
are /ill capable ( awe+ u by ! gr&eur & 
ri*ness ( _! decoration4 ,huge pill>s ( 
wood f two to ?ree feet 9 diamet] & f   
?irty to =ty feet high1 support$1 by a  
complicat$ network ( brackets1 ! enorm\s
 beams :i* groan$ "u ! weight ( !       
tile-cov]$ ro(s4 ,! mat]ial & mode (    
con/ruction1 ?\gh weak aga9/ fire1 prov$
 itself /rong aga9/ e>?quakes1 & 0 well 
suit$ to ! climatic conditions ( !      
c\ntry4 ,9 ! ,gold5 ,hall ( ,horiuji & !
 ,pagoda ( ,yaku%iji1 we h notewor?y    
examples ( ! durability ( our wood5     
ar*itecture4 ,^! build+s h practically  
/ood intact = ne>ly twelve c5turies4 ,! 

int]ior ( ! old temples & palaces 0     
pr(usely decorat$4 ,9 ! ,hoodo temple at
 ,uji1 dat+ f ! t5? c5tury1 we c /ill   
see ! elaborate canopy & gild$          
balda*9os1 _m-col\r$ & inlaid ) mirrors 
& "m-(-pe>l1 z well z rema9s ( ! pa9t+s 
& sculpture :i* =m]ly cov]$ ! walls4    
,lat]1 at ,nikko & 9 ! ,nijo ca/le 9    
,kyoto1 we see /ructural beauty         
sacrific$ to a weal? ( ornam5tation :i* 
9 col\r & exquisite detail equals !     
utmo/ gorge\sness ( ,arabian or ,moori% 
ef=t4  ,! simplicity & purism ( !       
tea-room result$ f emulation ( ! ,z5    
mona/]y4 ,a ,z5 mona/]y diff]s f ^? (   
o!r ,buddhi/ sects inasmu* z x is meant 
only to be a dwell+ place = ! monks4    
,its *apel is n a place ( wor%ip or     
pilgrimage1 b a college room :]e !      
/ud5ts congregate = discussion & !      
practice ( m$itation4 ,! room is b>e    
except = a c5tral alcove 9 :i*1 beh9d ! 
alt>1 is a /atue ( ,bodhi ,dh>ma1 !     
f\nd] ( ! sect1 or ( ,sakyamuni att5d$  
by ,ka%iapa & ,an&a1 ! two e>lie/ ,z5   

patri>*s4 ,on ! alt>1 fl[]s & inc5se are
 (f]$ up 9 ! memory ( ! great           
contributions :i* ^! sages made to ,z54 
,we h already said t x 0 ! ritual       
in/itut$ by ! ,z5 monks ( successively  
dr9k+ tea out ( a b[l be=e ! image (    
,bodhi ,dh>ma1 :i* laid ! f\ndations ( !
 tea-c]emony4 ,we might add "h t ! alt> 
( ! ,z5 *apel 0 ! prototype ( !         
,tokonoma1--! place ( hon\r 9 a         
,japanese room :]e pa9t+s & fl[]s are   
plac$ = ! edification ( ! gue/s4  ,all  
our great tea-ma/]s 7 /ud5ts ( ,z5 &    
attempt$ to introduce ! _s ( ,z5nism    
into ! actualities ( life4 ,?us ! room1 
l ! o!r equipm5ts ( ! tea-c]emony1      
reflects _m ( ! ,z5 doctr9es4 ,! size ( 
! or?odox tea-room1 :i* is f\r mats & a 
half1 or t5 feet squ>e1 is det]m9$ by a 
passage 9 ! ,sutra ( ,vikramadytia4 ,9 t
 int]e/+ "w1 ,vikramadytia welcomes !   
,sa9t ,manju%iri & eighty-f\r ?\s&      
disciples ( ,buddha 9 a room ( ?is      
size1--an allegory bas$ on ! !ory ( !   
non-exi/5ce ( space to ! truly          

enlight5$4 ,aga9 ! roji1 ! g>d5 pa? :i* 
leads f ! ma*iai to ! tea-room1 signifi$
 ! fir/ /age ( m$itation1--! passage    
into self-illum9ation4 ,! roji 0 int5d$ 
to break connection ) ! outside _w1 &   
produce a fre% s5sation conducive to !  
full enjoym5t ( ae/heticism 9 ! tea-room
 itself4 ,"o :o has trodd5 ?is g>d5 pa? 
_c fail to rememb] h[ 8 _s1 z he walk$ 9
 ! twilight ( ev]gre5s ov] ! regul>     
irregul>ities ( ! /epp+ /ones1 b5ea? :i*
 lay dri$ p9e ne$les1 & pass$ beside !  
moss-cov]$ granite lant]ns1 became      
uplift$ above ord9>y ?\ghts4 ,"o may be 
9 ! mid/ ( a city1 & yet feel z if he 7 
9 ! =e/ f> away f ! du/ & d9 (          
civilisation4 ,great 0 ! +5uity display$
 by ! tea-ma/]s 9 produc+ ^! effects (  
s]5ity & purity4 ,! nature ( ! s5sations
 to be ar\s$ 9 pass+ ?r\gh ! roji diff]$
 ) diff]5t tea-ma/]s4 ,"s1 l ,rikiu1    
aim$ at utt] lonel9ess1 & claim$ !      
secret ( mak+ a roji 0 conta9$ 9 !      
anci5t ditty3            ,i look beyond2
           ,fl[]s are n1           ,nor 

t9t$ leaves4           ,on ! sea bea*   
,a solit>y cottage /&s           ,9 !   
wan+ light           ,( an autumn eve4  
,o!rs1 l ,kobori-,en%iu1 s\ght = a      
diff]5t effect4 ,en%iu said ! idea ( !  
g>d5 pa? 0 to be f\nd 9 ! foll[+ v]ses3 
,a clu/] ( summ] trees1           ,a bit
 ( ! sea1           ,a pale ev5+ moon4  
,x is n difficult to ga!r 8 mean+4 ,he  
wi%$ to create ! attitude ( a newly     
awak5$ s\l /ill l+]+ amid %ad[y dreams (
 ! pa/1 yet ba?+ 9 ! sweet              
unconsci\sness ( a mell[ spiritual      
light1 & ye>n+ = ! fre$om t lay 9 !     
expanse beyond4  ,?us prep>$ ! gue/ w   
sil5tly approa* ! sanctu>y1 &1 if a     
samurai1 w leave 8 sword on ! rack b5ea?
 ! eaves1 ! tea-room be+ preem95tly !   
h\se ( peace4 ,!n he w b5d l[ & creep   
into ! room ?r\gh a small door n m ?an  
?ree feet 9 height4 ,?is proce$+ 0      
incumb5t on all gue/s1--high & l[       
alike1--& 0 int5d$ to inculcate         
humility4 ,! ord] ( prec$5ce hav+ be5   
mutually agre$ ^u :ile re/+ 9 ! ma*iai1 

! gue/s "o by "o w ent] noiselessly &   
take _! seats1 fir/ mak+ obeisance to ! 
picture or fl[] arrangem5t on !         
tokonoma4 ,! ho/ w n ent] ! room until  
all ! gue/s h seat$ !mselves & quiet    
reigns ) no?+ to break ! sil5ce save !  
note ( ! boil+ wat] 9 ! iron kettle4 ,! 
kettle s+s well1 = pieces ( iron are s  
arrang$ 9 ! bottom z to produce a       
peculi> melody 9 :i* "o may he> ! e*oes 
( a cat>act muffl$ by cl\ds1 ( a di/ant 
sea break+ among ! rocks1 a ra9/orm     
sweep+ ?r\gh a bamboo =e/1 or ( ! s\gh+ 
( p9es on "s f>away hill4  ,ev5 9 !     
daytime ! light 9 ! room is subdu$1 = ! 
l[ eaves ( ! slant+ ro( admit b few ( ! 
sun's rays4 ,ev]y?+ is sob] 9 t9t f !   
ceil+ to ! floor2 ! gue/s !mselves h    
c>efully *os5 g>m5ts ( unobtrusive      
colors4 ,! mell[ness ( age is ov] all1  
ev]y?+ sugge/ive ( rec5t acquirem5t be+ 
taboo$ save only ! "o note ( contra/    
furni%$ by ! bamboo dipp] & ! l95 napk91
 bo? immaculately :ite & new4 ,h[ev]    
fad$ ! tea-room & ! tea-equipage may    

seem1 ev]y?+ is absolutely clean4 ,n a  
p>ticle ( du/ w be f\nd 9 ! d>ke/ corn]1
 = if any exi/s ! ho/ is n a tea-ma/]4  
,"o ( ! fir/ requisites ( a tea-ma/] is 
! k ( h[ to sweep1 clean1 & wa%1 = !re  
is an art 9 clean+ & du/+4 ,a piece (   
antique metal "w mu/ n be attack$ ) !   
unscrupul\s zeal ( ! ,dut* h\sewife4    
,dripp+ wat] f a fl[] vase ne$ n be wip$
 away1 = x may be sugge/ive ( dew &     
coolness4  ,9 ?is connection !re is a   
/ory ( ,rikiu :i* well illu/rates !     
ideas ( cleanl9ess ent]ta9$ by !        
tea-ma/]s4 ,rikiu 0 wat*+ 8 son ,%oan z 
he swept & wat]$ ! g>d5 pa?4 ,n clean   
en\gh1 said ,rikiu1 :5 ,%oan _h f9i%$ 8 
task1 & bade him try aga94 ,aft] a we>y 
h\r ! son turn$ to ,rikiu3 ,fa!r1 !re is
 no?+ m to be done4 ,! /eps h be5 wa%$ =
 ! ?ird "t1 ! /one lant]ns & ! trees are
 well spr9kl$ ) wat]1 moss & li*5s are  
%9+ ) a fre% v]dure2 n a twig1 n a leaf 
h ,i left on ! gr\nd4 ,"y fool1 *id$ !  
tea-ma/]1 t is n ! way a g>d5 pa? %\ld  
be swept4 ,say+ ?is1 ,rikiu /epp$ into !

 g>d51 %ook a tree & scatt]$ ov] ! g>d5 
gold & crimson leaves1 scraps ( !       
brocade ( autumn6 ,:at ,rikiu dem&$ 0 n 
cleanl9ess alone1 b ! beautiful & !     
natural also4  ,! "n1 ,abode ( ,fancy1  
implies a /ructure creat$ to meet "s    
individual arti/ic requirem5t4 ,!       
tea-room is made = ! tea ma/]1 n !      
tea-ma/] = ! tea-room4 ,x is n int5d$ = 
po/]ity & is !re=e ephem]al4 ,! idea t  
ev]yone %\ld h a h\se ( 8 own is bas$ on
 an anci5t cu/om ( ! ,japanese race1    
,%9to sup]/ition orda9+ t e dwell+ %\ld 
be evacuat$ on ! dea? ( its *ief        
occupant4 ,p]haps !re may h be5 "s      
unrealiz$ sanit>y reason = ?is practice4
 ,ano!r e>ly cu/om 0 t a newly built    
h\se %\ld be provid$ = ea* c\ple t      
m>ri$4 ,x is on acc\nt ( su* cu/oms t we
 f9d ! ,imp]ial capitals s frequ5tly    
remov$ f "o site to ano!r 9 anci5t days4
 ,! rebuild+1 e tw5ty ye>s1 ( ,ise      
,temple1 ! supreme %r9e ( !             
,sun-,goddess1 is an example ( "o ( ^!  
anci5t rites :i* /ill obta9 at ! pres5t 

day4 ,! obs]vance ( ^! cu/oms 0 only    
possible ) "s =m ( con/ruction z t      
furni%$ by our sy/em ( wood5            
ar*itecture1 easily pull$ d[n1 easily   
built up4 ,a m la/+ /yle1 employ+ brick 
& /one1 w\ld h r5d]$ migrations         
impracticable1 z inde$ !y became :5 ! m 
/able & massive wood5 con/ruction ( ,*9a
 0 adopt$ by u aft] ! ,n>a p]iod4  ,) ! 
pr$om9ance ( ,z5 individualism 9 !      
fifte5? c5tury1 h[ev]1 ! old idea became
 imbu$ ) a deep] significance z conceiv$
 9 connection ) ! tea-room4 ,z5nism1 ) !
 ,buddhi/ !ory ( evanesc5ce & its dem&s 
= ! ma/]y ( _s ov] matt]1 recogniz$ !   
h\se only z a tempor>y refuge = ! body4 
,! body itself 0 b z a hut 9 !          
wild]ness1 a flimsy %elt] made by ty+   
toge!r ! grasses t grew ar\nd1--:5 ^!   
ceas$ to be b\nd toge!r !y aga9 became  
resolv$ into ! orig9al wa/e4 ,9 !       
tea-room fugitiv5ess is sugge/$ 9 !     
?at*$ ro(1 frailty 9 ! sl5d] pill>s1    
lightness 9 ! bamboo support1 app>5t    
c>elessness 9 ! use ( commonplace       

mat]ials4 ,! et]nal is to be f\nd only 9
 ! _s :i*1 embodi$ 9 ^! simple          
surr\nd+s1 beautifies !m ) ! subtle     
light ( its ref9em5t4  ,t ! tea-room    
%\ld be built to suit "s individual ta/e
 is an en=cem5t ( ! pr9ciple ( vitality 
9 art4 ,art1 to be fully appreciat$1 mu/
 be true to contemporane\s life4 ,x is n
 t we %\ld ignore ! claims ( po/]ity1 b 
t we %\ld seek to enjoy ! pres5t m4 ,x  
is n t we %\ld disreg>d ! creations ( ! 
pa/1 b t we %\ld try to assimilate !m   
into our consci\sness4 ,slavi% con=mity 
to traditions & =mulas fett]s !         
expression ( individuality 9            
ar*itecture4 ,we c b weep ov] ! s5seless
 imitations ( ,european build+s :i* "o  
beholds 9 mod]n ,japan4 ,we m>vel :y1   
among ! mo/ progressive ,we/]n nations1 
ar*itecture %\ld be s devoid (          
orig9ality1 s replete ) repetitions (   
obsolete /yles4 ,p]haps we are pass+    
?r\gh an age ( democratisation 9 art1   
:ile await+ ! rise ( "s pr9cely ma/] :o 
%all e/abli% a new dyna/y4 ,w\ld t we   

lov$ ! anci5ts m & copi$ !m less6 ,x has
 be5 said t ! ,greeks 7 great because !y
 nev] drew f ! antique4  ,! t]m1 ,abode 
( ,vacancy1 besides convey+ ! ,taoi/    
!ory ( ! all-conta9+1 involves !        
conception ( a cont9u$ ne$ ( *ange 9    
decorative motives4 ,! tea-room is      
absolutely empty1 except = :at may be   
plac$ !re tempor>ily to satisfy "s      
ae/hetic mood4 ,"s special art object is
 br\ght 9 = ! occasion1 & ev]y?+ else is
 select$ & arrang$ to enhance ! beauty (
 ! pr9cipal !me4 ,"o _c li/5 to diff]5t 
pieces ( music at ! same "t1 a real     
compreh5sion ( ! beautiful be+ possible 
only ?r\gh conc5tration ^u "s c5tral    
motive4 ,?us x w be se5 t ! sy/em (     
decoration 9 our tea-rooms is oppos$ to 
t :i* obta9s 9 ! ,we/1 :]e ! int]ior ( a
 h\se is (t5 conv]t$ into a museum4 ,to 
a ,japanese1 accu/om$ to simplicity (   
ornam5tation & frequ5t *ange (          
decorative me?od1 a ,we/]n int]ior      
p]man5tly fill$ ) a va/ array (         
pictures1 /atu>y1 & bric-a-brac gives ! 

impression ( m]e vulg> display ( ri*es4 
,x calls = a mighty weal? ( appreciation
 to enjoy ! con/ant sight ( ev5 a       
ma/]piece1 & limitless inde$ mu/ be !   
capacity = arti/ic feel+ 9 ^? :o c exi/ 
day aft] day 9 ! mid/ ( su* confusion ( 
color & =m z is to be (t5 se5 9 ! homes 
( ,europe & ,am]ica4  ,! ,abode ( !     
,unsymmetrical sugge/s ano!r phase ( our
 decorative s*eme4 ,! abs5ce ( symmetry 
9 ,japanese art objects has be5 (t5     
comm5t$ on by ,we/]n critics4 ,?is1     
also1 is a result ( a work+ out ?r\gh   
,z5nism ( ,taoi/ ideals4 ,confucianism1 
) its deep-seat$ idea ( dualism1 &      
,nor!rn ,buddhism ) its wor%ip ( a      
tr9ity1 7 9 no way oppos$ to !          
expression ( symmetry4 ,z a matt] (     
fact1 if we /udy ! anci5t bronzes ( ,*9a
 or ! religi\s arts ( ! ,tang dyna/y & !
 ,n>a p]iod1 we %all recognize a con/ant
 /riv+ aft] symmetry4 ,! decoration (   
our classical int]iors 0 decid$ly regul>
 9 its arrangem5t4 ,! ,taoi/ & ,z5      
conception ( p]fection1 h[ev]1 0        

diff]5t4 ,! dynamic nature ( _!         
philosophy laid m /ress ^u ! process    
?r\gh :i* p]fection 0 s\ght ?an ^u      
p]fection itself4 ,true beauty c\ld be  
discov]$ only by "o :o m5tally complet$ 
! incomplete4 ,! virility ( life & art  
lay 9 its possibilities = gr[?4 ,9 !    
tea-room x is left = ea* gue/ 9         
imag9ation to complete ! total effect 9 
relation to himself4 ,s9ce ,z5nism has  
become ! prevail+ mode ( ?\ght1 ! art ( 
! extreme ,ori5t has purposefully avoid$
 ! symmetrical z express+ n only        
completion1 b repetition4 ,uni=mity (   
design 0 consid]$ fatal to ! fre%ness ( 
imag9ation4 ,?us1 l&scapes1 birds1 &    
fl[]s became ! favorite subjects =      
depiction r ?an ! human figure1 ! latt] 
be+ pres5t 9 ! p]son ( ! behold]        
himself4 ,we are (t5 too mu* 9 evid5ce z
 x is1 & 9 spite ( our vanity ev5       
self-reg>d is apt to become monoton\s4  
,9 ! tea-room ! fe> ( repetition is a   
con/ant pres5ce4 ,! v>i\s objects = !   
decoration ( a room %\ld be s select$ t 

no col\r or design %all be repeat$4 ,if 
y h a liv+ fl[]1 a pa9t+ ( fl[]s is n   
all[able4 ,if y are us+ a r\nd kettle1 !
 wat] pit*] %\ld be angul>4 ,a cup ) a  
black glaze %\ld n be associat$ ) a     
tea-caddy ( black lacqu]4 ,9 plac+ a    
vase ( an inc5se burn] on ! tokonoma1   
c>e %\ld be tak5 n to put x 9 ! exact   
c5tre1 le/ x divide ! space into equal  
halves4 ,! pill> ( ! tokonoma %\ld be ( 
a diff]5t k9d ( wood f ! o!r pill>s1 9  
ord] to break any sugge/ion ( monotony 9
 ! room4  ,"h aga9 ! ,japanese me?od (  
int]ior decoration diff]s f t ( !       
,occid5t1 :]e we see objects array$     
symmetrically on mantelpieces & else:]e4
 ,9 ,we/]n h\ses we are (t5 confront$ ) 
:at appe>s to u useless reit]ation4 ,we 
f9d x try+ to talk to a man :ile 8      
full-l5g? portrait />es at u f beh9d 8  
back4 ,we wond] :i* is real1 he ( !     
picture or he :o talks1 & feel a curi\s 
conviction t "o ( !m mu/ be fraud4 ,_m a
 "t h we sat at a fe/ive bo>d           
contemplat+1 ) a secret %ock to our     

dige/ion1 ! repres5tation ( abundance on
 ! d9+-room walls4 ,:y ^! pictur$       
victims ( *ase & sport1 ! elaborate     
c>v+s ( fi%es & fruit8 ,:y ! display (  
family plates1 rem9d+ u ( ^? :o h d9$ & 
are dead8  ,! simplicity ( ! tea-room & 
its fre$om f vulg>ity make x truly a    
sanctu>y f ! vexations ( ! out] _w4 ,!re
 & !re alone "o c consecrate himself to 
undi/urb$ adoration ( ! beautiful4 ,9 ! 
sixte5? c5tury ! tea-room af=d$ a       
welcome respite f lab\r to ! fi]ce      
w>riors & /atesm5 engag$ 9 ! unification
 & recon/ruction ( ,japan4 ,9 ! sev5te5?
 c5tury1 aft] ! /rict =malism ( !       
,tokugawa rule _h be5 develop$1 x (f]$ !
 only opportunity possible = ! free     
communion ( arti/ic spirits4 ,be=e a    
great "w ( art !re 0 no di/9ction betwe5
 daimyo1 samurai1 & common]4 ,n[adays   
indu/rialism is mak+ true ref9em5t m & m
 difficult all ! _w ov]4 ,d we n ne$ !  
tea-room m ?an ev]8     ,v4 ,art        
,appreciation   ,h y he>d ! ,taoi/ tale 
( ! ,tam+ ( ! ,h>p8  ,once 9 ! ho>y ages

 9 ! ,rav9e ( ,lungm5 /ood a ,kiri tree1
 a v]itable k+ ( ! =e/4 ,x re>$ its head
 to talk to ! />s2 its roots /ruck deep 
into ! e>?1 m+l+ _! bronz$ coils ) ^? ( 
! silv] dragon t slept b5ea?4 ,& x came 
to pass t a mighty wiz>d made ( ?is tree
 a wondr\s h>p1 ^: /ubborn _s %\ld be   
tam$ b by ! greate/ ( musicians4 ,= long
 ! in/rum5t 0 treasur$ by ! ,emp]or (   
,*9a1 b all 9 va9 7 ! ef=ts ( ^? :o 9   
turn tri$ to draw melody f its /r+s4 ,9 
response to _! utmo/ /riv+s !re came f !
 h>p b h>% notes ( disda91 ill-accord+ )
 ! songs !y fa9 w\ld s+4 ,! h>p refus$  
to recognise a ma/]4  ,at la/ came      
,peiwoh1 ! pr9ce ( h>pi/s4 ,) t5d] h& he
 c>ess$ ! h>p z "o might seek to soo! an
 unruly horse1 & s(tly t\*$ ! *ords4 ,he
 sang ( nature & ! seasons1 ( high      
m\nta9s & fl[+ wat]s1 & all ! memories (
 ! tree awoke6 ,once m ! sweet brea? (  
spr+ play$ amid/ its bran*es4 ,! "y     
cat>acts1 z !y danc$ d[n ! rav9e1 laugh$
 to ! budd+ fl[]s4 ,anon 7 he>d ! dreamy
 voices ( summ] ) its myriad insects1 ! 

g5tle patt]+ ( ra91 ! wail ( ! cuckoo4  
,h>k6 a tig] ro>s1--! valley answ]s     
aga94 ,x is autumn2 9 ! des]t night1 %>p
 l a sword gleams ! moon ^u ! fro/$     
grass4 ,n[ w9t] reigns1 & ?r\gh !       
sn[-fill$ air swirl flocks ( swans &    
rattl+ hail/ones beat ^u ! b\ghs ) fi]ce
 delight4  ,!n ,peiwoh *ang$ ! key &    
sang ( love4 ,! =e/ sway$ l an ard5t    
swa9 deep lo/ 9 ?\ght4 ,on high1 l a    
haughty maid51 swept a cl\d bright &    
fair2 b pass+1 trail$ long %ad[s on !   
gr\nd1 black l despair4 ,aga9 ! mode 0  
*ang$2 ,peiwoh sang ( w>1 ( cla%+ /eel &
 trampl+ /e$s4 ,& 9 ! h>p arose ! tempe/
 ( ,lungm51 ! dragon rode ! lightn+1 !  
?und]+ avalan*e cra%$ ?r\gh ! hills4 ,9 
ec/asy ! ,cele/ial mon>* ask$ ,peiwoh   
:]e9 lay ! secret ( 8 victory4 ,sire1 he
 repli$1 o!rs h fail$ because !y sang b 
( !mselves4 ,i left ! h>p to *oose its  
!me1 & knew n truly :e!r ! h>p _h be5   
,peiwoh or ,peiwoh 7 ! h>p4  ,?is /ory  
well illu/rates ! my/]y ( art           
appreciation4 ,! ma/]piece is a symphony

 play$ ^u our f9e/ feel+s4 ,true art is 
,peiwoh1 & we ! h>p ( ,lungm54 ,at !    
magic t\* ( ! beautiful ! secret *ords (
 our be+ are awak5$1 we vibrate & ?rill 
9 response to its call4 ,m9d speaks to  
m9d4 ,we li/5 to ! unspok51 we gaze ^u !
 unse54 ,! ma/] calls =? notes we "k n  
(4 ,memories long =gott5 all come back  
to u ) a new significance4 ,hopes /ifl$ 
by fe>1 ye>n+s t we d>e n recognise1 /& 
=? 9 new glory4 ,our m9d is ! canvas on 
:i* ! arti/s lay _! col\r2 _! pigm5ts   
are our emotions2 _! *i>oscuro ! light (
 joy1 ! %ad[ ( sadness4 ,! ma/]piece is 
( ourselves1 z we are ( ! ma/]piece4  ,!
 sympa!tic communion ( m9ds necess>y =  
art appreciation mu/ be bas$ on mutual  
concession4 ,! spectator mu/ cultivate !
 prop] attitude = receiv+ ! message1 z !
 arti/ mu/ "k h[ to imp>t x4 ,!         
tea-ma/]1 ,kobori-,en%iu1 himself a     
daimyo1 has left to u ^! memorable      
words3 ,approa* a great pa9t+ z ?\ w\ld/
 approa* a great pr9ce4 ,9 ord] to      
und]/& a ma/]piece1 y mu/ lay y\rself l[

 be=e x & await ) bat$ brea? its lea/   
utt]ance4 ,an em95t ,sung critic once   
made a *>m+ confession4 ,said he3 ,9 my 
"y days ,i prais$ ! ma/] ^: pictures ,i 
lik$1 b z my judgem5t matur$ ,i prais$  
myself = lik+ :at ! ma/]s _h *os5 to h  
me l4 ,x is to be deplor$ t s few ( u   
really take pa9s to /udy ! moods ( !    
ma/]s4 ,9 our /ubborn ignorance we      
refuse to r5d] !m ?is simple c\rtesy1 & 
?us (t5 miss ! ri* repa/ ( beauty spread
 be=e our v eyes4 ,a ma/] has always    
some?+ to (f]1 :ile we g hungry solely  
because ( our own lack ( appreciation4  
,to ! sympa!tic a ma/]piece becomes a   
liv+ reality t[>ds :i* we feel drawn 9  
bonds ( comrade%ip4 ,! ma/]s are        
immortal1 = _! loves & fe>s live 9 u ov]
 & ov] aga94 ,x is r ! s\l ?an ! h&1 !  
man ?an ! te*nique1 :i* appeals to u1--!
 m human ! call ! deep] is our response4
 ,x is because ( ?is secret und]/&+     
betwe5 ! ma/] & ourselves t 9 poetry or 
romance we suff] & rejoice ) ! h]o &    
h]o9e4 ,*ikamatsu1 our ,japanese        

,%akespe>e1 has laid d[n z "o ( ! fir/  
pr9ciples ( dramatic composition !      
importance ( tak+ ! audi5ce into !      
confid5ce ( ! au?or4 ,sev]al ( 8 pupils 
submitt$ plays = 8 approval1 b only "o (
 ! pieces appeal$ to him4 ,x 0 a play   
some:at resembl+ ! ,com$y ( ,errors1 9  
:i* tw9 bre?r5 suff] ?r\gh mi/ak5       
id5tity4 ,?is1 said ,*ikamatsu1 has !   
prop] _s ( ! drama1 = x takes ! audi5ce 
into consid]ation4 ,! public is p]mitt$ 
to "k m ?an ! actors4 ,x kn[s :]e !     
mi/ake lies1 & pities ! poor figures on 
! bo>d :o innoc5tly ru% to _! fate4  ,! 
great ma/]s bo? ( ! ,ea/ & ! ,we/ nev]  
=got ! value ( sugge/ion z a means =    
tak+ ! spectator into _! confid5ce4 ,:o 
c contemplate a ma/]piece )\t be+ aw$ by
 ! imm5se vi/a ( ?\ght pres5t$ to our   
consid]ation8 ,h[ famili> & sympa!tic   
are !y all2 h[ cold 9 contra/ ! mod]n   
commonplaces6 ,9 ! =m] we feel ! w>m    
outp\r+ ( a man's he>t2 9 ! latt] only a
 =mal salute4 ,engross$ 9 8 te*nique1 ! 
mod]n r>ely rises above himself4 ,l !   

musicians :o va9ly invok$ ! ,lungm5 h>p1
 he s+s only ( himself4 ,8 works may be 
ne>] sci5ce1 b are fur!r f humanity4 ,we
 h an old say+ 9 ,japan t a woman _c    
love a man :o is truly va91 = _! is no  
crevice 9 8 he>t = love to ent] & fill  
up4 ,9 art vanity is equally fatal to   
sympa!tic feel+1 :e!r on ! "p ( ! arti/ 
or ! public4  ,no?+ is m hall[+ ?an !   
union ( k9dr$ spirits 9 art4 ,at ! mom5t
 ( meet+1 ! art lov] transc5ds himself4 
,at once he is & is n4 ,he cat*es a     
glimpse ( ,inf9ity1 b words _c voice 8  
delight1 = ! eye has no tongue4 ,fre$ f 
! fett]s ( matt]1 8 _s moves 9 ! rhy?m (
 ?+s4 ,x is ?us t art becomes ak9 to    
religion & ennobles mank9d4 ,x is ?is   
:i* makes a ma/]piece some?+ sacr$4 ,9 !
 old days ! v5]ation 9 :i* ! ,japanese  
held ! "w ( ! great arti/ 0 int5se4 ,!  
tea-ma/]s gu>d$ _! treasures ) religi\s 
secrecy1 & x 0 (t5 necess>y to op5 a    
:ole s]ies ( boxes1 "o )9 ano!r1 be=e   
rea*+ ! %r9e itself--! silk5 wrapp+ )9  
^: s(t folds lay ! holy ( holies4 ,r>ely

 0 ! object expos$ to view1 & !n only to
 ! initiat$4  ,at ! "t :5 ,teaism 0 9 ! 
asc5d5cy ! ,taiko's g5]als w\ld be bett]
 satisfi$ ) ! pres5t ( a r>e "w ( art   
?an a l>ge grant ( t]ritory z a rew>d ( 
victory4 ,_m ( our fav\rite dramas are  
bas$ on ! loss & recov]y ( a not$       
ma/]piece4 ,= in/ance1 9 "o play !      
palace ( ,"l ,hosokawa1 9 :i* 0 pres]v$ 
! celebrat$ pa9t+ ( ,dh>uma by ,sesson1 
sudd5ly takes fire ?r\gh ! neglig5ce ( !
 samurai 9 *>ge4 ,resolv$ at all haz>ds 
to rescue ! preci\s pa9t+1 he ru%es into
 ! burn+ build+ & seizes ! kakemono1    
only to f9d all means ( exit cut (f by !
 flames4 ,?9k+ only ( ! picture1 he     
sla%es op5 8 body ) 8 sword1 wraps 8    
torn sleeve ab\t ! ,sesson & plunges x  
into ! gap+ w\nd4 ,! fire is at la/     
ext+ui%$4 ,among ! smok+ emb]s is f\nd a
 half-consum$ corpse1 )9 :i* reposes !  
treasure un9jur$ by ! fire4 ,horrible z 
su* tales are1 !y illu/rate ! great     
value t we set ^u a ma/]piece1 z well z 
! devotion ( a tru/$ samurai4  ,we mu/  

rememb]1 h[ev]1 t art is ( value only to
 ! ext5t t x speaks to u4 ,x might be a 
univ]sal language if we ourselves 7     
univ]sal 9 our sympa?ies4 ,our f9ite    
nature1 ! p[] ( tradition &             
conv5tionality1 z well z our h]$it>y    
in/9cts1 re/rict ! scope ( our capacity 
= arti/ic enjoym5t4 ,our v individuality
 e/abli%es 9 "o s5se a limit to our     
und]/&+2 & our ae/hetic p]sonality seeks
 its own aff9ities 9 ! creations ( !    
pa/4 ,x is true t ) cultivation our s5se
 ( art appreciation broad5s1 & we become
 able to enjoy _m hi!rto unrecognis$    
expressions ( beauty4 ,b1 aft] all1 we  
see only our own image 9 ! univ]se1--our
 p>ticul> idiosyncracies dictate ! mode 
( our p]ceptions4 ,! tea-ma/]s collect$ 
only objects :i* fell /rictly )9 !      
measure ( _! individual appreciation4   
,"o is rem9d$ 9 ?is connection ( a /ory 
conc]n+ ,kobori-,en%iu4 ,en%iu 0        
complim5t$ by 8 disciples on ! admirable
 ta/e he _h display$ 9 ! *oice ( 8      
collection4 ,said !y1 ,ea* piece is su* 

t no "o c\ld help admir+4 ,x %[s t y _h 
bett] ta/e ?an _h ,rikiu1 = 8 collection
 c\ld only be appreciat$ by "o behold] 9
 a ?\s&4 ,sorr[fully ,en%iu repli$3 ,?is
 only proves h[ commonplace ,i am4 ,!   
great ,rikiu d>$ to love only ^? objects
 :i* p]sonally appeal$ to him1 :]eas ,i 
unconsci\sly cat] to ! ta/e ( !         
majority4 ,v]ily1 ,rikiu 0 "o 9 a ?\s&  
among tea-ma/]s4  ,x is mu* to be       
regrett$ t s mu* ( ! app>5t en?usiasm = 
art at ! pres5t day has no f\ndation 9  
real feel+4 ,9 ?is democratic age ( ours
 m5 clam\r = :at is popul>ly consid]$ ! 
be/1 reg>dless ( _! feel+s4 ,!y want !  
co/ly1 n ! ref9$2 ! fa%ionable1 n !     
beautiful4 ,to ! masses1 contemplation (
 illu/rat$ p]iodicals1 ! wor?y product (
 _! own indu/rialism1 w\ld give m       
dige/ible food = arti/ic enjoym5t ?an ! 
e>ly ,italians or ! ,a%ikaga ma/]s1 :om 
!y pret5d to admire4 ,! "n ( ! arti/ is 
m important to !m ?an ! quality ( ! "w4 
,z a ,*9ese critic compla9$ _m c5turies 
ago1 ,p criticise a picture by _! e>4 ,x

 is ?is lack ( g5u9e appreciation t is  
responsible = ! pseudo-classic horrors t
 to-day greet u :]ev] we turn4  ,ano!r  
common mi/ake is t ( confus+ art )      
ar*aeology4 ,! v5]ation born ( antiquity
 is "o ( ! be/ traits 9 ! human "*1 &   
fa9 w\ld we h x cultivat$ to a great]   
ext5t4 ,! old ma/]s are rightly to be   
hon\r$ = op5+ ! pa? to future           
enlight5m5t4 ,! m]e fact t !y h pass$   
unsca!d ?r\gh c5turies ( criticism &    
come d[n to u /ill cov]$ ) glory comm&s 
our respect4 ,b we %\ld be fooli% inde$ 
if we valu$ _! a*ievem5t simply on !    
score ( age4 ,yet we all[ our hi/orical 
sympa?y to ov]ride our ae/hetic         
discrim9ation4 ,we (f] fl[]s (          
approbation :5 ! arti/ is safely laid 9 
8 grave4 ,! n9ete5? c5tury1 pregnant ) !
 !ory ( evolution1 has moreov] creat$ 9 
u ! habit ( los+ sight ( ! individual 9 
! species4 ,a collector is anxi\s to    
acquire specim5s to illu/rate a p]iod or
 a s*ool1 & =gets t a s+le ma/]piece c  
tea* u m ?an any numb] ( ! m$iocre      

products ( a giv5 p]iod or s*ool4 ,we   
classify too mu* & enjoy too little4 ,! 
sacrifice ( ! ae/hetic to ! s-call$     
sci5tific me?od ( exhibition has be5 !  
bane ( _m museums4  ,! claims (         
contempor>y art _c be ignor$ 9 any vital
 s*eme ( life4 ,! art ( to-day is t :i* 
really belongs to u3 x is our own       
reflection4 ,9 condemn+ x we b condemn  
ourselves4 ,we say t ! pres5t age       
possesses no art3--:o is responsible =  
?is8 ,x is inde$ a %ame t despite all   
our rhapsodies ab\t ! anci5ts we pay s  
little att5tion to our own              
possibilities4 ,/ruggl+ arti/s1 we>y    
s\ls l+]+ 9 ! %ad[ ( cold disda96 ,9 our
 self-c5t]$ c5tury1 :at inspiration d we
 (f] !m8 ,! pa/ may well look ) pity at 
! pov]ty ( our civilisation2 ! future w 
laugh at ! b>r5ness ( our art4 ,we are  
de/roy+ ! beautiful 9 life4 ,w\ld t "s  
great wiz>d might f ! /em ( society %ape
 a mighty h>p ^: /r+s w\ld res\nd to !  
t\* ( g5ius4     ,,vi4 ,fl[]s  ,9 !     
trembl+ grey ( a spr+ dawn1 :5 ! birds 7

 :isp]+ 9 my/]i\s cad5ce among ! trees1 
h y n felt t !y 7 talk+ to _! mates ab\t
 ! fl[]s8 ,surely ) mank9d !            
appreciation ( fl[]s mu/ h be5 coeval ) 
! poetry ( love4 ,:]e bett] ?an 9 a     
fl[]1 sweet 9 its unconsci\sness1       
fragrant because ( its sil5ce1 c we     
image ! unfold+ ( a virg9 s\l8 ,!       
primeval man 9 (f]+ ! fir/ g>l& to 8    
maid5 !reby transc5d$ ! brute4 ,he      
became human 9 ?us ris+ above ! crude   
necessities ( nature4 ,he ent]$ ! realm 
( art :5 he p]ceiv$ ! subtle use ( !    
useless4  ,9 joy or sadness1 fl[]s are  
our con/ant fri5ds4 ,we eat1 dr9k1 s+1  
dance1 & flirt ) !m4 ,we w$ & *ri/5 )   
fl[]s4 ,we d>e n die )\t !m4 ,we h      
wor%ipp$ ) ! lily1 we h m$itat$ ) !     
lotus1 we h *>g$ 9 battle array ) ! rose
 & ! *rysan!mum4 ,we h ev5 attempt$ to  
speak 9 ! language ( fl[]s4 ,h[ c\ld we 
live )\t !m8 ,x fright5s "o to conceive 
( a _w b]eft ( _! pres5ce4 ,:at solace d
 !y n br+ to ! b$side ( ! sick1 :at a   
light ( bliss to ! d>kness ( we>y       

spirits8 ,_! s]5e t5d]ness re/ores to u 
our wan+ confid5ce 9 ! univ]se ev5 z !  
int5t gaze ( a beautiful *ild recalls   
our lo/ hopes4 ,:5 we are laid l[ 9 !   
du/ x is !y :o l+] 9 sorr[ ov] our      
graves4  ,sad z x is1 we _c conceal !   
fact t 9 spite ( our companion%ip )     
fl[]s we h n ris5 v f> above ! brute4   
,scrat* ! %eepsk9 & ! wolf )9 u w soon  
%[ 8 tee?4 ,x has be5 said t a man at t5
 is an animal1 at tw5ty a lunatic1 at   
?irty a failure1 at =ty a fraud1 & at   
fifty a crim9al4 ,p]haps he becomes a   
crim9al because he has nev] ceas$ to be 
an animal4 ,no?+ is real to u b hung]1  
no?+ sacr$ except our own desires4 ,%r9e
 aft] %r9e has crumbl$ be=e our eyes2 b 
"o alt> is =ev] pres]v$1 t :]eon we burn
 inc5se to ! supreme idol1--ourselves4  
,our god is great1 & money is 8         
,prophet6 ,we deva/ate nature 9 ord] to 
make sacrifice to him4 ,we boa/ t we h  
conqu]$ ,matt] & =get t x is ,matt] t   
has enslav$ u4 ,:at atrocities d we n   
p]petrate 9 ! "n ( culture & ref9em5t6  

,tell me1 g5tle fl[]s1 te>drops ( ! />s1
 /&+ 9 ! g>d51 nodd+ y\r heads to ! bees
 z !y s+ ( ! dews & ! sunbeams1 are y   
aw>e ( ! fe>ful doom t awaits y8 ,dream 
on1 sway & frolic :ile y may 9 ! g5tle  
breezes ( summ]4 ,to-morr[ a ru?less h& 
w close ar\nd y\r ?roats4 ,y w be wr5*$1
 torn asund] limb by limb1 & borne away 
f y\r quiet homes4 ,! wret*1 %e may be  
pass+ fair4 ,%e may say h[ lovely y are 
:ile h] f+]s are /ill moi/ ) y\r blood4 
,tell me1 w ?is be k9dness8 ,x may be   
y\r fate to be imprison$ 9 ! hair ( "o  
:om y "k to be he>tless or to be ?ru/   
into ! buttonhole ( "o :o w\ld n d>e to 
look y 9 ! face 7 y a man4 ,x may ev5 be
 y\r lot to be conf9$ 9 "s n>r[ vessel )
 only /agnant wat] to qu5* ! madd5+ ?ir/
 t w>ns ( ebb+ life4  ,fl[]s1 if y 7 9 !
 l& ( ! ,mikado1 y might "s "t meet a   
dread p]sonage arm$ ) scissors & a t9y  
saw4 ,he w\ld call himself a ,ma/] (    
,fl[]s4 ,he w\ld claim ! rights ( a     
doctor & y w\ld in/9ctively hate him1 = 
y "k a doctor always seeks to prolong ! 

tr\bles ( 8 victims4 ,he w\ld cut1 b5d1 
& twi/ y into ^? impossible positions   
:i* he ?9ks x prop] t y %\ld assume4 ,he
 w\ld contort y\r muscles & dislocate   
y\r bones l any o/eopa?4 ,he w\ld burn y
 ) r$-hot coals to /op y\r ble$+1 & ?ru/
 wires into y to assi/ y\r circulation4 
,he w\ld diet y ) salt1 v9eg>1 alum1 &  
sometimes1 vitriol4 ,boil+ wat] w\ld be 
p\r$ on y\r feet :5 y seem$ ready to    
fa9t4 ,x w\ld be 8 boa/ t he c\ld keep  
life )9 y = two or m weeks long] ?an    
w\ld h be5 possible )\t 8 treatm5t4     
,w\ld y n h pref]r$ to h be5 kill$ at   
once :5 y 7 fir/ captur$8 ,:at 7 !      
crimes y mu/ h committ$ dur+ y\r pa/    
inc>nation to w>rant su* puni%m5t 9 ?is8
  ,! wanton wa/e ( fl[]s among ,we/]n   
communities is ev5 m appall+ ?an ! way  
!y are treat$ by ,ea/]n ,fl[] ,ma/]s4 ,!
 numb] ( fl[]s cut daily to adorn !     
ballrooms & banquet-tables ( ,europe &  
,am]ica1 to be ?r[n away on ! morr[1 mu/
 be some?+ enorm\s2 if /rung toge!r !y  
might g>l& a cont95t4 ,beside ?is utt]  

c>elessness ( life1 ! guilt ( !         
,fl[]-,ma/] becomes insignificant4 ,he1 
at lea/1 respects ! economy ( nature1   
selects 8 victims ) c>eful =esight1 &   
aft] dea? does hon\r to _! rema9s4 ,9 ! 
,we/ ! display ( fl[]s seems to be a "p 
( ! pageantry ( weal?1--! fancy ( a     
mom5t4 ,:i!r d !y all g1 ^! fl[]s1 :5 ! 
revelry is ov]8 ,no?+ is m pitiful ?an  
to see a fad$ fl[] remorselessly flung  
^u a dung heap4  ,:y 7 ! fl[]s born s   
beautiful & yet s hapless8 ,insects c   
/+1 & ev5 ! meeke/ ( bea/s w fight :5   
br\ght to bay4 ,! birds ^: plumage is   
s\ght to deck "s bonnet c fly f its     
pursu]1 ! furr$ animal ^: coat y covet =
 y\r own may hide at y\r approa*4 ,alas6
 ,! only fl[] kn[n to h w+s is !        
butt]fly2 all o!rs /& helpless be=e !   
de/roy]4 ,if !y %riek 9 _! dea? agony _!
 cry nev] rea*es our h>d5$ e>s4 ,we are 
ev] brutal to ^? :o love & s]ve u 9     
sil5ce1 b ! "t may come :51 = our       
cruelty1 we %all be des]t$ by ^! be/    
fri5ds ( ours4 ,h y n notic$ t ! wild   

fl[]s are becom+ sc>c] e ye>8 ,x may be 
t _! wise m5 h told !m to dep>t till man
 becomes m human4 ,p]haps !y h migrat$  
to heav54  ,mu* may be said 9 favor (   
him :o cultivates plants4 ,! man ( ! pot
 is f> m humane ?an he ( ! scissors4 ,we
 wat* ) delight 8 conc]n ab\t wat] &    
sun%9e1 8 feuds ) p>asites1 8 horror (  
fro/s1 8 anxiety :5 ! buds come sl[ly1 8
 rapture :5 ! leaves atta9 _! lu/re4 ,9 
! ,ea/ ! art ( floriculture is a v      
anci5t "o1 & ! loves ( a poet & 8       
favorite plant h (t5 be5 record$ 9 /ory 
& song4 ,) ! developm5t ( c]amics dur+ !
 ,tang & ,sung dyna/ies we he> (        
wond]ful receptacles made to hold       
plants1 n pots1 b jewell$ palaces4 ,a   
special att5dant 0 detail$ to wait ^u   
ea* fl[] & to wa% its leaves ) s(t      
bru%es made ( rabbit hair4 ,x has be5   
writt5 ,p+tse1 by ,yu5*unlang t ! peony 
%\ld be ba!d by a h&some maid5 9 full   
co/ume1 t a w9t]-plum %\ld be wat]$ by a
 pale1 sl5d] monk4 ,9 ,japan1 "o ( ! mo/
 popul> ( ! ,no-dances1 ! ,ha*9oki1     

compos$ dur+ ! ,a%ikaga p]iod1 is bas$  
^u ! /ory ( an impov]i%$ knight1 :o1 on 
a freez+ night1 9 lack ( fuel = a fire1 
cuts 8 *]i%$ plants 9 ord] to ent]ta9 a 
w&]+ fri>4 ,! fri> is 9 reality no o!r  
?an ,hojo-,tokiyori1 ! ,h>\n-,al-,ras*id
 ( our tales1 & ! sacrifice is n )\t its
 rew>d4 ,?is op]a nev] fails to draw    
te>s f a ,tokio audi5ce ev5 to-day4     
,great precautions 7 tak5 = !           
pres]vation ( delicate blossoms4 ,emp]or
 ,hu5sung1 ( ! ,tang ,dyna/y1 hung t9y  
gold5 bells on ! bran*es 9 8 g>d5 to    
keep (f ! birds4 ,he x 0 :o w5t (f 9 !  
spr+time ) 8 c\rt musicians to gladd5 ! 
fl[]s ) s(t music4 ,a qua9t tablet1 :i* 
tradition ascribes to ,yo%itsune1 ! h]o 
( our ,ar?urian leg5ds1 is /ill extant 9
 "o ( ! ,japanese mona/]ies ,sumad]a1   
ne> ,kobe4 ,x is a notice put up = !    
protection ( a c]ta9 wond]ful plum-tree1
 & appeals to u ) ! grim hum\r ( a      
w>like age4 ,aft] ref]r+ to ! beauty ( !
 blossoms1 ! inscription says3 ,:oev]   
cuts a s+le bran* ( ?is tree %all =feit 

a f+] !re=4 ,w\ld t su* laws c\ld be    
en=c$ n[adays aga9/ ^? :o wantonly      
de/roy fl[]s & mutilate objects ( art6  
,yet ev5 9 ! case ( pot fl[]s we are    
incl9$ to suspect ! selfi%ness ( man4   
,:y take ! plants f _! homes & ask !m to
 bloom mid /range surr\nd+s8 ,is x n l  
ask+ ! birds to s+ & mate coop$ up 9    
cages8 ,:o kn[s b t ! or*ids feel /ifl$ 
by ! artificial heat 9 y\r cons]vatories
 & hopelessly long = a glimpse ( _! own 
,s\!rn skies8  ,! ideal lov] ( fl[]s is 
he :o visits !m 9 _! native haunts1 l   
,taoyu5m+ all celebrat$ ,*9ese poets &  
philosoph]s1 :o sat be=e a brok5 bamboo 
f5ce 9 conv]se ) ! wild *rysan!mum1 or  
,l9wos+1 los+ himself amid my/]i\s      
fragrance z he w&]$ 9 ! twilight among !
 plum-blossoms ( ! ,we/]n ,lake4 ',tis  
said t ,*[mu%ih slept 9 a boat s t 8    
dreams might m+le ) ^? ( ! lotus4 ,x 0 !
 same _s :i* mov$ ! ,empress ,komio1 "o 
( our mo/ r5[n$ ,n>a sov]eigns1 z %e    
sang3 ,if ,i pluck !e1 my h& w defile   
!e1 ,o fl[]6 ,/&+ 9 ! mead[s z ?\ art1  

,i (f] !e to ! ,buddhas ( ! pa/1 ( !    
pres5t1 ( ! future4  ,h[ev]1 let u n be 
too s5tim5tal4 ,let u be less luxuri\s b
 m magnific5t4 ,said ,laotse3 ,heav5 &  
e>? are pitiless4 ,said ,kobodai%i3     
,fl[1 fl[1 fl[1 fl[1 ! curr5t ( life is 
ev] onw>d4 ,die1 die1 die1 die1 dea?    
comes to all4 ,de/ruction faces u :]ev] 
we turn4 ,de/ruction bel[ & above1      
de/ruction beh9d & be=e4 ,*ange is !    
only ,et]nal1--:y n z welcome ,dea? z   
,life8 ,!y are b c\nt]p>ts "o ( !       
o!r1--,! ,night & ,day ( ,brahma4 ,?r\gh
 ! dis9tegration ( ! old1 re-creation   
becomes possible4 ,we h wor%ipp$ ,dea?1 
! rel5tless goddess ( m]cy1 "u _m       
diff]5t names4 ,x 0 ! %ad[ ( !          
,all-dev\r+ t ! ,gheburs greet$ 9 !     
fire4 ,x is ! icy purism ( ! sword-s\l  
be=e :i* ,%9to-,japan pro/rates h]self  
ev5 to-day4 ,! my/ic fire consumes our  
weakness1 ! sacr$ sword cleaves !       
bondage ( desire4 ,f our a%es spr+s !   
pho5ix ( cele/ial hope1 out ( ! fre$om  
comes a high] realisation ( manhood4    

,:y n de/roy fl[]s if !reby we c evolve 
new =ms ennobl+ ! _w idea8 ,we only ask 
!m to jo9 9 our sacrifice to !          
beautiful4 ,we %all atone = ! de$ by    
consecrat+ ourselves to ,purity &       
,simplicity4 ,?us reason$ ! tea-ma/]s :5
 !y e/abli%$ ! ,cult ( ,fl[]s4  ,anyone 
acqua9t$ ) ! ways ( our tea- &          
fl[]-ma/]s mu/ h notic$ ! religi\s      
v5]ation ) :i* !y reg>d fl[]s4 ,!y d n  
cull at r&om1 b c>efully select ea*     
bran* or spray ) an eye to ! arti/ic    
composition !y h 9 m9d4 ,!y w\ld be     
a%am$ %\ld !y *ance to cut m ?an 7      
absolutely necess>y4 ,x may be rem>k$ 9 
?is connection t !y always associate !  
leaves1 if !re be any1 ) ! fl[]1 = !    
object is to pres5t ! :ole beauty (     
plant life4 ,9 ?is respect1 z 9 _m o!rs1
 _! me?od diff]s f t pursu$ 9 ,we/]n    
c\ntries4 ,"h we are apt to see only !  
fl[] /ems1 heads z x 71 )\t body1 /uck  
promiscu\sly into a vase4  ,:5 a        
tea-ma/] has arrang$ a fl[] to 8        
satisfaction he w place x on ! tokonoma1

 ! place ( hon\r 9 a ,japanese room4    
,no?+ else w be plac$ ne> x :i* might   
int]f]e ) its effect1 n ev5 a pa9t+1    
unless !re be "s special ae/hetic reason
 = ! comb9ation4 ,x re/s !re l an       
en?ron$ pr9ce1 & ! gue/s or disciples on
 ent]+ ! room w salute x ) a pr(\nd b[  
be=e mak+ _! addresses to ! ho/4 ,draw+s
 f ma/]pieces are made & publi%$ = !    
edification ( amateurs4 ,! am\nt (      
lit]ature on ! subject is q volum9\s4   
,:5 ! fl[] fades1 ! ma/] t5d]ly consigns
 x to ! riv] or c>efully buries x 9 !   
gr\nd4 ,monum5ts are sometimes erect$ to
 _! memory4  ,! bir? ( ! ,art ( ,fl[]   
,arrangem5t seems to be simultane\s ) t 
( ,teaism 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,our      
leg5ds ascribe ! fir/ fl[] arrangem5t to
 ^? e>ly ,buddhi/ sa9ts :o ga!r$ ! fl[]s
 /rewn by ! /orm &1 9 _! inf9ite        
solicitude = all liv+ ?+s1 plac$ !m 9   
vessels ( wat]4 ,x is said t ,soami1 !  
great pa9t] & connoisseur ( ! c\rt (    
,a%ikaga-,yo%imasa1 0 "o ( ! e>lie/     
adepts at x4 ,juko1 ! tea-ma/]1 0 "o ( 8

 pupils1 z 0 also ,s5no1 ! f\nd] ( !    
h\se ( ,ik5obo1 a family z illu/ri\s 9 !
 annals ( fl[]s z 0 t ( ! ,kanos 9      
pa9t+4 ,) ! p]fect+ ( ! tea-ritual "u   
,rikiu1 9 ! latt] "p ( ! sixte5? c5tury1
 fl[] arrangem5t also atta9s its full   
gr[?4 ,rikiu & 8 successors1 ! celebrat$
 ,oda-wuraka1 ,furuka-,oribe1 ,koyetsu1 
,kobori-,en%iu1 ,katagiri-,seki%iu1 vi$ 
) ea* o!r 9 =m+ new comb9ations4 ,we mu/
 rememb]1 h[ev]1 t ! fl[]-wor%ip ( !    
tea-ma/]s =m$ only a "p ( _! ae/hetic   
ritual1 & 0 n a di/9ct religion by      
itself4 ,a fl[] arrangem5t1 l ! o!r     
works ( art 9 ! tea-room1 0 subord9at$  
to ! total s*eme ( decoration4 ,?us     
,seki%iu orda9$ t :ite plum blossoms    
%\ld n be made use ( :5 sn[ lay 9 !     
g>d54 ,noisy fl[]s 7 rel5tlessly bani%$ 
f ! tea-room4 ,a fl[] arrangem5t by a   
tea-ma/] loses its significance if      
remov$ f ! place = :i* x 0 orig9ally    
int5d$1 = its l9es & proportions h be5  
specially work$ out ) a view to its     
surr\nd+s4  ,! adoration ( ! fl[] = its 

own sake beg9s ) ! rise ( ,fl[]-,ma/]s1 
t[>d ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,x n[
 becomes indep5d5t ( ! tea-room & kn[s  
no law save t ! vase imposes on x4 ,new 
conceptions & me?ods ( execution n[     
become possible1 & _m 7 ! pr9ciples &   
s*ools result+ !refrom4 ,a writ] 9 !    
middle ( ! la/ c5tury said he c\ld c\nt 
ov] "o hundr$ diff]5t s*ools ( fl[]     
arrangem5t4 ,broadly speak+1 ^! divide  
!mselves into two ma9 bran*es1 !        
,=mali/ic & ! ,naturalesque4 ,!         
,=mali/ic s*ools1 l$ by ! ,ik5obos1 aim$
 at a classic idealism correspond+ to t 
( ! ,kano-academicians4 ,we possess     
records ( arrangem5ts by ! e>ly ma/]s ( 
! s*ool :i* almo/ reproduce ! fl[]      
pa9t+s ( ,sansetsu & ,tsun5obu4 ,!      
,naturalesque s*ool1 on ! o!r h&1       
accept$ nature z its model1 only impos+ 
su* modifications ( =m z conduc$ to !   
expression ( arti/ic unity4 ,?us we     
recognise 9 its works ! same impulses   
:i* =m$ ! ,ukiyoe & ,%ijo s*ools (      
pa9t+4  ,x w\ld be int]e/+1 _h we "t1 to

 ent] m fully ?an x is n[ possible into 
! laws ( composition & detail =mulat$ by
 ! v>i\s fl[]-ma/]s ( ?is p]iod1 %[+1 z 
!y w\ld1 ! fundam5tal !ories :i* gov]n$ 
,tokugawa decoration4 ,we f9d !m ref]r+ 
to ! ,lead+ ,pr9ciple 7,heav571 !       
,subord9ate ,pr9ciple 7,e>?71 !         
,reconcil+ ,pr9ciple 7,man71 & any fl[] 
arrangem5t :i* did n embody ^! pr9ciples
 0 consid]$ b>r5 & dead4 ,!y also dwelt 
mu* on ! importance ( treat+ a fl[] 9   
its ?ree diff]5t aspects1 ! ,=mal1 !    
,semi-,=mal1 & ! ,in=mal4 ,! fir/ might 
be said to repres5t fl[]s 9 ! /ately    
co/ume ( ! ballroom1 ! second 9 ! easy  
elegance ( aft]noon dress1 ! ?ird 9 !   
*>m+ de%abille ( ! b\doir4  ,our p]sonal
 sympa?ies are ) ! fl[]-arrangem5ts ( ! 
tea-ma/] r ?an ) ^? ( ! fl[]-ma/]4 ,!   
=m] is art 9 its prop] sett+ & appeals  
to u on acc\nt ( its true intimacy )    
life4 ,we %\ld l to call ?is s*ool !    
,natural 9 contradi/9ction to !         
,naturalesque & ,=mali/ic s*ools4 ,!    
tea-ma/] deems 8 duty end$ ) ! selection

 ( ! fl[]s1 & leaves !m to tell _! own  
/ory4 ,ent]+ a tea-room 9 late w9t]1 y  
may see a sl5d] spray ( wild *]ries 9   
comb9ation ) a budd+ camellia2 x is an  
e*o ( dep>t+ w9t] c\pl$ ) ! prophecy (  
spr+4 ,aga91 if y g into a noon-tea on  
"s irritat+ly hot summ] day1 y may      
discov] 9 ! d>k5$ coolness ( ! tokonoma 
a s+le lily 9 a hang+ vase2 dripp+ )    
dew1 x seems to smile at ! fooli%ness ( 
life4  ,a solo ( fl[]s is int]e/+1 b 9 a
 conc]to ) pa9t+ & sculpture !          
comb9ation becomes entranc+4 ,seki%iu   
once plac$ "s wat]-plants 9 a flat      
receptacle to sugge/ ! vegetation (     
lakes & m>%es1 & on ! wall above he hung
 a pa9t+ by ,soami ( wild ducks fly+ 9 !
 air4 ,%oha1 ano!r tea-ma/]1 comb9$ a   
poem on ! ,beauty ( ,solitude by ! ,sea 
) a bronze inc5se burn] 9 ! =m ( a      
fi%]man's hut & "s wild fl[]s ( ! bea*4 
,"o ( ! gue/s has record$ t he felt 9 ! 
:ole composition ! brea? ( wan+ autumn4 
,fl[] /ories are endless4 ,we %all      
rec\nt b "o m4 ,9 ! sixte5? c5tury !    

morn+-glory 0 z yet a r>e plant ) u4    
,rikiu _h an entire g>d5 plant$ ) x1 :i*
 he cultivat$ ) assidu\s c>e4 ,! fame ( 
8 convulvuli rea*$ ! e> ( ! ,taiko1 & he
 express$ a desire to see !m1 9         
consequ5ce ( :i* ,rikiu invit$ him to a 
morn+ tea at 8 h\se4 ,on ! appo9t$ day  
,taiko walk$ ?r\gh ! g>d51 b n[h]e c\ld 
he see any ve/ige ( ! convulvulus4 ,!   
gr\nd _h be5 level$ & /rewn ) f9e       
pebbles & s&4 ,) sull5 ang] ! despot    
ent]$ ! tea-room1 b a sight wait$ him   
!re :i* completely re/or$ 8 hum\r4 ,on !
 tokonoma1 9 a r>e bronze ( ,sung       
workman%ip1 lay a s+le morn+-glory--!   
que5 ( ! :ole g>d56  ,9 su* in/ances we 
see ! full significance ( ! ,fl[]       
,sacrifice4 ,p]haps ! fl[]s appreciate !
 full significance ( x4 ,!y are n c[>ds1
 l m54 ,"s fl[]s glory 9 dea?--c]ta9ly !
 ,japanese *]ry blossoms d1 z !y freely 
surr5d] !mselves to ! w9ds4 ,anyone :o  
has /ood be=e ! fragrant avalan*e at    
,yo%9o or ,ara%iyama mu/ h realiz$ ?is4 
,= a mom5t !y hov] l bejewell$ cl\ds &  

dance above ! cry/al /reams2 !n1 z !y   
sail away on ! laugh+ wat]s1 !y seem to 
say3 ,f>ewell1 ,o ,spr+6 ,we are on to  
et]nity4     ,,vii4 ,tea-,ma/]s   ,9    
religion ! ,future is beh9d u4 ,9 art ! 
pres5t is ! et]nal4 ,! tea-ma/]s held t 
real appreciation ( art is only possible
 to ^? :o make ( x a liv+ influ5ce4 ,?us
 !y s\ght to regulate _! daily life by !
 high /&>d ( ref9em5t :i* obta9$ 9 !    
tea-room4 ,9 all circum/ances s]5ity (  
m9d %\ld be ma9ta9$1 & conv]sation %\ld 
be conduct$ z nev] to m> ! h>mony ( !   
surr\nd+s4 ,! cut & color ( ! dress1 !  
poise ( ! body1 & ! mann] ( walk+ c\ld  
all be made expressions ( arti/ic       
p]sonality4 ,^! 7 matt]s n to be lightly
 ignor$1 = until "o has made himself    
beautiful he has no "r to approa*       
beauty4 ,?us ! tea-ma/] /rove to be     
some?+ m ?an ! arti/1--art itself4 ,x 0 
! ,z5 ( ae/heticism4 ,p]fection is      
ev]y:]e if we only *oose to recognise x4
 ,rikiu lov$ to quote an old poem :i*   
says3 ,to ^? :o long only = fl[]s1 fa9  

w\ld ,i %[ ! full-bl[n spr+ :i* abides 9
 ! toil+ buds ( sn[-cov]$ hills4        
,manifold inde$ h be5 ! contributions ( 
! tea-ma/]s to art4 ,!y completely      
revolutionis$ ! classical ar*itecture & 
int]ior decorations1 & e/abli%$ ! new   
/yle :i* we h describ$ 9 ! *apt] ( !    
tea-room1 a /yle to ^: influ5ce ev5 !   
palaces & mona/]ies built aft] ! sixte5?
 c5tury h all be5 subject4 ,! _m-sid$   
,kobori-,en%iu has left notable examples
 ( 8 g5ius 9 ! ,imp]ial villa (         
,katsura1 ! ca/les ( ,nagoya & ,nijo1 & 
! mona/]y ( ,kohoan4 ,all ! celebrat$   
g>d5s ( ,japan 7 laid out by !          
tea-ma/]s4 ,our pott]y w\ld probably    
nev] h atta9$ its high quality (        
excell5ce if ! tea-ma/]s _h n l5t x to  
_! inspiration1 ! manufacture ( !       
ut5sils us$ 9 ! tea-c]emony call+ =? !  
utmo/ exp5diture ( +5uity on ! p>ts (   
our c]ami/s4 ,! ,sev5 ,kilns ( ,en%iu   
are well kn[n to all /ud5ts ( ,japanese 
pott]y4 ,_m ( our textile fabrics be> ! 
names ( tea-ma/]s :o conceiv$ _! color  

or design4 ,x is impossible1 inde$1 to  
f9d any dep>tm5t ( art 9 :i* ! tea-ma/]s
 h n left m>ks ( _! g5ius4 ,9 pa9t+ &   
lacqu] x seems almo/ sup]flu\s to m5tion
 ! imm5se s]vices !y h r5d]$4 ,"o ( !   
greate/ s*ools ( pa9t+ owes its orig9 to
 ! tea-ma/] ,honnami-,koyetsu1 fam$ also
 z a lacqu] arti/ & pott]4 ,beside 8    
works1 ! spl5did creation ( 8 gr&son1   
,koho1 & ( 8 gr&-nephews1 ,kor9 &       
,k5zan1 almo/ fall into ! %ade4 ,! :ole 
,kor9 s*ool1 z x is g5]ally designat$1  
is an expression ( ,teaism4 ,9 ! broad  
l9es ( ?is s*ool we seem to f9d !       
vitality ( nature h]self4  ,great z has 
be5 ! influ5ce ( ! tea-ma/]s 9 ! field (
 art1 x is z no?+ comp>$ to t :i* !y h  
ex]t$ on ! conduct ( life4 ,n only 9 !  
usages ( polite society1 b also 9 !     
arrangem5t ( all our dome/ic details1 d 
we feel ! pres5ce ( ! tea-ma/]s4 ,_m (  
our delicate di%es1 z well z our way (  
s]v+ food1 are _! inv5tions4 ,!y h      
taught u to dress only 9 g>m5ts ( sob]  
colors4 ,!y h in/ruct$ u 9 ! prop] _s 9 

:i* to approa* fl[]s4 ,!y h giv5        
emphasis to our natural love (          
simplicity1 & %[n u ! beauty ( humility4
 ,9 fact1 ?r\gh _! tea*+s tea has ent]$ 
! life ( ! p4  ,^? ( u :o "k n ! secret 
( prop]ly regulat+ our own exi/5ce on   
?is tumultu\s sea ( fooli% tr\bles :i*  
we call life are con/antly 9 a /ate (   
mis]y :ile va9ly try+ to appe> happy &  
cont5t$4 ,we /agg] 9 ! attempt to keep  
our moral equilibrium1 & see =]unn]s ( !
 tempe/ 9 e cl\d t floats on ! horizon4 
,yet !re is joy & beauty 9 ! roll (     
bill[s z !y sweep outw>d t[>d et]nity4  
,:y n ent] into _! _s1 or1 l ,liehtse1  
ride ^u ! hurricane itself8  ,he only :o
 has liv$ ) ! beautiful c die           
beautifully4 ,! la/ mom5ts ( ! great    
tea-ma/]s 7 z full ( exquisite ref9em5t 
z _h be5 _! lives4 ,seek+ always to be 9
 h>mony ) ! great rhy?m ( ! univ]se1 !y 
7 ev] prep>$ to ent] ! unkn[n4 ,! ,la/  
,tea ( ,rikiu w /& =? =ev] z ! acme (   
tragic gr&eur4  ,long _h be5 ! fri5d%ip 
betwe5 ,rikiu & ! ,taiko-,hideyo%i1 &   

high ! e/imation 9 :i* ! great w>rior   
held ! tea-ma/]4 ,b ! fri5d%ip ( a      
despot is ev] a dang]\s hon\r4 ,x 0 an  
age rife ) trea*]y1 & m5 tru/$ n ev5 _! 
ne>e/ k94 ,rikiu 0 no s]vile c\rti]1 &  
_h (t5 d>$ to diff] 9 argum5t ) 8 fi]ce 
patron4 ,tak+ advantage ( ! coldness :i*
 _h = "s "t exi/$ betwe5 ! ,taiko &     
,rikiu1 ! enemies ( ! latt] accus$ him (
 be+ implicat$ 9 a conspiracy to poison 
! despot4 ,x 0 :isp]$ to ,hideyo%i t !  
fatal potion 0 to be adm9i/]$ to him ) a
 cup ( ! gre5 bev]age prep>$ by !       
tea-ma/]4 ,) ,hideyo%i suspicion 0      
suffici5t gr\nd = in/ant execution1 &   
!re 0 no appeal f ! w ( ! angry rul]4   
,"o privilege alone 0 grant$ to !       
condemn$--! honor ( dy+ by 8 own h&4    
,on ! day de/9$ = 8 self-immolation1    
,rikiu invit$ 8 *ief disciples to a la/ 
tea-c]emony4 ,m\rnfully at ! appo9t$ "t 
! gue/s met at ! portico4 ,z !y look    
into ! g>d5 pa? ! trees seem to %udd]1 &
 9 ! ru/l+ ( _! leaves are he>d ! :isp]s
 ( homeless gho/s4 ,l solemn s5t9els    

be=e ! gates ( ,hades /& ! grey /one    
lant]ns4 ,a wave ( r>e inc5se is waft$ f
 ! tea-room2 x is ! summons :i* bids !  
gue/s to ent]4 ,"o by "o !y advance &   
take _! places4 ,9 ! tokonoma hangs a   
kakemon1--a wond]ful writ+ by an anci5t 
monk deal+ ) ! evanesc5ce ( all e>?ly   
?+s4 ,! s++ kettle1 z x boils ov] !     
brazi]1 s\nds l "s cicada p\r+ =? 8 woes
 to dep>t+ summ]4 ,soon ! ho/ ent]s !   
room4 ,ea* 9 turn is s]v$ ) tea1 & ea* 9
 turn sil5tly dra9s 8 cup1 ! ho/ la/ (  
all4 ,accord+ to e/abli%$ etiquette1 !  
*ief gue/ n[ asks p]mission to exam9e ! 
tea-equipage4 ,rikiu places ! v>i\s     
articles be=e !m1 ) ! kakemono4 ,aft]   
all h express$ admiration ( _! beauty1  
,rikiu pres5ts "o ( !m to ea* ( !       
assembl$ company z a s\v5ir4 ,! b[l     
alone he keeps4 ,nev] aga9 %all ?is cup1
 pollut$ by ! lips ( mis=tune1 be us$ by
 man4 ,he speaks1 & breaks ! vessel into
 fragm5ts4  ,! c]emony is ov]2 ! gue/s )
 difficulty re/ra9+ _! te>s1 take _! la/
 f>ewell & leave ! room4 ,"o only1 !    

ne>e/ & de>e/1 is reque/$ to rema9 &    
witness ! end4 ,rikiu !n removes 8      
tea-g[n & c>efully folds x ^u ! mat1    
!reby disclos+ ! immaculate :ite dea?   
robe :i* x _h hi!rto conceal$4 ,t5d]ly  
he gazes on ! %9+ blade ( ! fatal dagg]1
 & 9 exquisite v]se ?us addresses x3    
,welcome to !e1           ,o sword (    
et]nity6           ,?r\gh ,buddha       
,& ?r\gh           ,dh>uma alike        
,?\ ha/ cleft ?y way4  ,) a smile ^u 8  
face ,rikiu pass$ =? into ! unkn[n4