,,! ,,p5ny ,,magaz9e ,,( ,,! ,society = ! ,diffusion ( ,useful ,k4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- #ae4 ,,publi%$ ,,e ,,saturday4 ,june #cj1 #ahcb ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,! ,,cave ,,( ,,elephanta4 ,illu/ration3 ,a view ( a cave1 ) l>ge /atues & pill>s & two p /&+ inside4 ,"o ( ! e>lie/ monum5ts ( ,india t attract$ ! notice ( ,europeans 0 ! excavation ( ,elephanta1 situat$ 9 a beautiful isl& ( ! same "n1 call$ by ! natives ,goripura1 or ,m\nta9 ,city4 ,?is isl& is 9 ! bay ( ,bombay1 sev5 miles f ,bombay ca/le2 x is ab\t six miles 9 circumf]5ce1 & compos$ ( two long hills ) a n>r[ valley betwe5 !m4 ,! isl& has tak5 its famili> "n f a colossal /atue ( an elephant1 cut out ( a deta*$ mass ( blacki% rock unconnect$ ) any /ratum bel[4 ,?is figure has _h ano!r on its back1 :i* ! old travell]s call a "y elephant1 b :i*1 z f> z we c judge f ! draw+ ( :at rema9s ( x1 has mu* m probably be5 a tig]4 ,! head & neck ( ?is elephant dropp$ (f ab\t #ahad1 ow+ to a l>ge fissure t ran up ?r\gh its back4 ,! l5g? ( ?is colossal figure1 f ! =ehead to ! root ( ! tail1 0 #ac feet #b in*es2 & ! height at ! head #g feet #d in*es4 ,! rema9s ( ?is colossus /& ab\t #bej y>ds to ! "r ( ! usual l&+-place1 :i* is t[>ds ! s\!rn "p ( ! isl&4 ,aft] proce$+ up ! valley till ! two m\nta9s unite1 we come to a n>r[ pa?1 aft] asc5d+ :i* !re is a beautiful prospect ( ! nor!rn "p ( ! isl&1 & ! opposite %ores ( ,salsette4 8,advanc+ =w>d & keep+ to ! left along ! b5d ( ! hill1 we gradually m\nt to an op5 space1 & come sudd5ly on ! gr& entrance ( a magnific5t temple1 ^: huge massy columns seem to give support to ! :ole m\nta9 :i* rises above x4 8,! entrance into ?is temple1 :i* is entirely hewn out ( a /one resembl+ porphyry1 is by a spaci\s front support$ by two massy pill>s & two pila/]s =m+ ?ree op5+s1 "u a ?ick & /eep rock ov]hung by bru%wood & wild %rubs4 ,! long ranges ( columns t appe> clos+ 9 p]spective on e side2 ! flat ro( ( solid rock t seems to be prev5t$ f fall+ only by ! massy pill>s1 ^: capitals are press$ d[n & flatt5$ z if by ! sup]9cumb5t weight2 ! d>kness t obscures ! int]ior ( ! temple1 :i* is dimly light$ only by ! entrances2 & ! gloomy appe>ance ( ! gigantic /one figures rang$ along ! wall1 & hewn1 l ! :ole temple1 out ( ! liv+ rock1--jo9$ to ! /range unc]ta9ty t hangs ov] ! hi/ory ( ?is place1--c>ry ! m9d back to di/ant p]iods1 & impress x ) t k9d ( unc]ta9 & religi\s awe ) :i* ! gr&] works ( ages ( d>kness are g5]ally contemplat$4 8,! :ole excavation consi/s ( ?ree pr9cipal p>ts3 ! great temple itself1 :i* is 9 ! c5tre1 & two small] *apels1 "o on ea* side ( ! great temple4 ,^! two *apels d n come =w>d into a /raight l9e ) ! front ( ! *ief temple1 are n p]ceiv$ on approa*+ ! temple1 & are consid]ably 9 recess1 be+ approa*$ by two n>r[ passes 9 ! hill1 "o on ea* side ( ! gr& entrance1 b at "s di/ance f x4 ,aft] advanc+ to "s di/ance up ^! conf9$ passes1 we f9d ea* ( !m conduct to ano!r front ( ! gr& excavation1 exactly l ! pr9cipal front :i* is fir/ se52 all ! ?ree fronts be+ holl[$ out ( ! solid rock1 & ea* consi/+ ( two huge pill>s ) two pila/]s4 ,! two side fronts are precisely opposite to ea* o!r on ! ea/ & we/1 ! gr& entrance fac+ ! nor?4 ,! two w+s ( ! temple are at ! upp] end ( ^! passages1 & are close by ! gr& excavation1 b h no cov]$ passage to connect !m ) x4#a0 ,f ! nor!rn entrance to ! extremity ( ?is cave is ab\t #acj feet1 & f ! ea/]n to ! we/]n side #acc4 ,tw5ty-six pill>s1 ( :i* eight are brok51 & sixte5 pila/]s1 support ! ro(4 ,nei!r ! floor nor ! ro( is 9 ! same plane1 & consequ5tly ! height v>ies1 be+ 9 "s p>ts #ag1 9 o!rs #ae feet4 ,two r[s ( pill>s run p>allel to "o ano!r f ! nor!rn entrance & at "r angles to x1 to ! extremity ( ! cave2 & ! pila/]s1 "o ( :i* /&s on ea* side ( ! two front pill>s1 are foll[$ by o!r pila/]s & pill>s also1 =m+ on ea* side ( ! two r[s already describ$1 ano!r r[1 runn+ p>allel to !m up to ! s\!rn extremity ( ! cave4 ,! pill>s on ! ea/]n & we/]n front1 :i* are l ^? on ! nor!rn side1 are also cont9u$ across ! temple f ea/ to we/4 ,?us ! ranges ( pill>s =m a numb] ( p>allel l9es int]sect+ "o ano!r at "r angles--! pill>s ( ! c5tral p>ts be+ consid]$ z common to ! two sets ( int]sect+ l9es4 ,! pill>s v>y bo? 9 _! size & decorations1 ?\gh ! diff]5ce is n suffici5t to /rike ! eye at fir/4 ,all ! walls are cov]$ ) reliefs 7:i* are yet v little kn[n = want ( complete draw+s71 b are describ$ z be+ 9 good proportion & produc+ r a pleas+ effect ?an ! contr>y4 ,all ! sculptures ref] to ! ,indian my?ology1 & ! temple seems to h be5 ! special prop]ty ( ! god ,siva1 s9ce he appe>s v frequ5tly ) 8 usual attributes4 ,9 "o place we see him z half man & half woman1 ) "o brea/ & f\r h&s1 9 "o ( :i* he holds ! snake4 ,9 ,mr4 ,daniell's ,views 9 ,india 7vol4 v4 pl4 #g7 we h a beautiful draw+ ( ! nor!rn front ( ! ,elephanta cave1 ) its ov]hang+ trees & %rubs4 ,8 eigh? plate is t :i* we h above giv54 8,! view is tak5 ne> ! c5tre ( ! temple look+ we/w>d4 ,! space betwe5 f\r ( ! pill>s is =m$ into a small temple1 sacr$ to ,mahadiva 7,siva71 & has an entrance on ea* side1 gu>d$ by colossal figures40 8,on ! walls are sev]al gr\ps ( figures 9 basso-relievo1 evid5tly relat+ to ! ,h9doo my?ology2 _m ( !m are ( colossal dim5sions & well execut$4 ,to ! ea/ & we/ are small ap>tm5ts1 decorat$ also 9 ! same mann]4 ,?is excavation is consid]ably elevat$ above ! sea2 ! floor1 nev]!less1 is g5]ally cov]$ ) wat] dur+ ! monsoon season2 ! ra9 be+ !n driv5 9 by ! w9d2 a circum/ance to :i* possibly its pres5t /ate ( decay is *iefly ow+40 ,l>g] excavations ( ?is k9d are f\nd 9 ! neighb\r+ isl& ( ,salsette4 ,b ^! are f> surpass$ by ! temples ( ,ellora1 :i* are 9 ! prov9ce ( ,hyd]abad1 ab\t tw5ty miles nor?-we/ f ,aurungabad1 ! capital1 & #bci ea/ ( ,bombay4 ,x may be consid]$ z ne> ! c5tre ( ,india4 ,"h we h a granite m\nta91 :i* is ( an amphi!atre =m1 completely *isell$ out f top to bottom1 & fill$ ) innum]able temples2 ! god ,siva alone hav+1 x is said1 ab\t tw5ty appropriat$ to himself4 ,to describe ! num]\s gall]ies & r[s ( pill>s :i* support v>i\s *amb]s ly+ "o above ano!r1 ! /eps1 porticos1 & bridges ( rock ov] canals1 also hewn out ( ! solid rock1 w\ld be impossible2 & we recomm5d ^? :o h ! opportunity to look at ,daniell's designs1 :i* w s]ve to give "s idea ( ?is wond]ful place4 ,! rock-cut temples ( ,india are g5]ally suppos$ to be ( high] antiquity ?an pagodas#b or temples1 built on ! surface ( ! e>?4 ,abridg$ f #8,briti% ,museum--,egyptian ,antiquities4' ----- ,footnote #a3 ,mr4 ,w4 ,ersk9e1 9 ! ,bombay ,lit]>y ,transactions4 ,footnote #b3 ,! ^w pagoda is a corruption ( ,bhaga-rati1 8holy h\se10 "o ( ! sev]al names by :i* ! ,h9doo temples are kn[n4 --------------------- ,,! ,,wea!r4--,no4 #c4 ,b5 ,jonson1 9 8 play ( #8,e ,man out ( 8 ,hum\r1' has a "* ( :i* "s examples may /ill be f\nd1 ev5 9 our own day4 ,x is t ( a cr$ul\s man1 :o relies implicitly on ! ,wea!r ,prophecies ( ! almanacs ( 8 "t2--&1 8 b>ns be+ full1 resolves n to s[ 8 gr\nd1 because ! almanacs =etel 8,rott5 wea!r & unseason$ h\rs40 ,?is species ( cr$ulity is probably n v (t5 n[ c>ri$ z f> z 9 ! in/ance ( ,sordido1 ! dupe ( ! play2--b /ill !re are "s among/ u :o w n cut _! grass till !y h se5 :at 8,ma/] ,moore0 says ab\t ! wea!r4 ,9 n9e cases out ( t5 ^! sup]/iti\s confid]s 9 an almo/ worn-out impo/ure1 h 9 ! end to exclaim ) ! mis] ( ! old dramati/1 8,tut1 ^! />-mong] knaves1 :o w\ld tru/ 'em8 ,"o says1 d>k & ra9y1 :5 'tis z cle> z cry/al2 ano!r says1 tempe/u\s bla/s & /orms1 & 'twas z calm z a milk-b[l4 ,"h be sweet rascals = a man to cr$it 8 :ole =tunes )#c60 ,n[1 let u see :at ! almanac oracle ( ! pres5t "t--8,francis ,moore1 ,physician0--says ab\t ! wea!r1 = ,june1 #ahcb4 ,he says1 9 "o ( 8 n>r[ columns :i* runs p>allel ) ! cal5d> ( ! pres5t mon?1 8,v>iable1 ) ?und] %[]s fly+ ab\t4 ,"s %[]s at int]vals1 att5d$ ) electrical ph5om5a1 ,,ev5 ,,to ,,! ,,end40 ,be x rememb]$ t ?is prophecy is = all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom--= ,engl&1 ,wales1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel&2--= ! hilly di/ricts & = ! pla9s1--= ! coa/s & = ! inl& c\ntries4 ,a correspond5t1 :o writes to u ab\t ! wea!r1 v s5sibly says1 8,does x n (t5 happ5 t !y h _m ra9y days successively at ,man*e/]1 :il/ n a drop falls at ,le$s8 ,h[ !n c any man's tables ab\t ! moon1 or g5]al rules = ! wea!r1 or ! prophecies ( almanacs1 answ] = bo? ! hilly & level di/ricts8 ,! ,*e%ire m5 say t _! rugg$-topt hills knock out ! bottoms ( ! cl\ds1 & leave !m z leaky z a sieve :ile pass+ ov] ,man*e/]40 ,s mu* = ! univ]sal application ( ^! a/rological pr$ictions ( ! wea!r4 ,b let u fur!r exam9e ?is prophecy ( ,moore's ,almanac = ! pres5t mon? ( ,june4 ,!re are "s :o impud5tly def5d ! publication ( su* pr$ictions1 z well z ! pr$ictions ( political ev5ts :i* ! same almanac conta9s2--& !y say t ! wea!r prophecies are only int5d$ to give ! av]age results ( _m ye>s ( actual obs]vation1 :i* make m impression ^u ! f>m]'s m9d 9 ?is =m ?an if he 7 to ref] himself to meteorological tables ( ! b>omet]1 ( ! !rmomet]1 ( ! hygromet]1 & ( ! ra9-gauge4 ,n[1 "h is a pr$iction calculat$ to fright5 ! cr$ul\s agriculturi/ into a belief t ! :ole ( ,june1 ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 w be unfav\rable to hay-mak+3--8,%[]s at int]vals1 att5d$ ) electrical ph5om5a1 ,,ev5 ,,to ,,! ,,end40 ,electrical ph5om5a6 ,?is is a phrase z t]rific z ! obscurities ( ! anci5t oracles4 ,a ph5om5on1 z mo/ ( our read]s "k1 is an appe>ance--any?+ made manife/ to u 9 any way2 & z electricity is d\btless "o ( ! mo/ important ag5ts 9 produc+ p>ticul> /ates ( ! wea!r1 ra9 & sun%9e1 w9d & calm1 heat & cold1 may be equally electrical ph5om5a4 ,b 8%[]s at int]vals1 att5d$ ) electrical ph5om5a10 is a phrase naturally calculat$ to fright5 ! ignorant into a belief t ! wea!r ( ,june1 8ev5 unto ! end10 w be ra9y1 att5d$ ) heavy /orms2 ! mo/ unfav\rable /ate1 because produc+ ! greate/ unc]ta9ty & exp5se 9 ! "w ( gett+ 9 ! hay-h>ve/4 ,?is pr$iction 0 probably manufactur$ a ye> ago3 x 0 pr9t$ 9 ,octob] la/2 & s f> f giv+ a notion ( :at is ! av]age wea!r = ,june--! only matt] ^u :i* ! pr$iction mong] c\ld possess ! slighte/ in=mation--he prophesies directly 9 ! tee? ( ! be/ meteorological records2 = x is a well-kn[n fact t 9 ,june ! av]age numb] ( days on :i* ra9 falls is "u twelve--! l[e/ numb] ( any mon? 9 ! ye>4 ,june1 !re=e1 is 9 g5]al ! mo/ fav\rable mon? = hay-mak+1 :atev] exceptions !re may be 9 p>ticul> ye>s2 ( :i* 8,francis ,moore0 c\ld "k no m be=eh& ?an ! mo/ ignorant peasant :om he deludes4 ,b let u look a little fur!r at ! prophecies ( ! ,wea!r-,almanac4 ,june be+ lo/ to ! hay-f>m] by ! fe> ( 8ra9 & electrical ph5om5a10 ,july is to make him happy 8) fair & hot wea!r40 ,! hay-h>ve/ !re=e w be1 if possible1 def]r$ by ! dupes onw>d to ,july4 ,n[ 9 ,july a cont9uance ( ra9y wea!r commonly happ5s ab\t ! middle ( ! mon?2 & ?is p]iodical t5d5cy to ra9 has giv5 rise to ! popul> tradition ( ,/4 ,s)94 ,( c\rse !re are exceptions to ?is t5d5cy2 b 9 ?is1 z 9 mo/ cases1 ! popul> error has "s little f\ndation 9 tru?4 ,! *ances1 !re=e1 are t ! f>m] :o1 = fe> ( 8electrical ph5om5a10 has let ,june pass ov] )\t cutt+ 8 grass1 w f9d a v %ort int]val betwe5 ! beg9n+ ( ,july & ! p]iodical ra9s ( ! middle ( t mon?2 & ?us a great deal ( national prop]ty may be de/roy$1 & ! cr$ul\s individual's capital exp5d$ 9 va91 because he has *os5 to believe 9 a mu/y *eat1 ( :i* ev5 ! propagators ( ! deception are a%am$4 ,we h endeav\r$ to %[ 9 a =m] ,numb] 7& we %all cont9ue ! subject 9 a future pap]71 t by ! c>eful use ( good in/rum5ts1 "s few facts may be e/abli%$ z guides 9 op]ations dep5d5t ^u ! wea!r4 ,9 ! place ( ^! ! obs]vations ( %eph]ds1 fi%]m51 & o!rs :o h att5d$ to ! pass+ & local signs ( w9ds1 & cl\ds1 & t9ts ( ! sky1 & o!r om5s1 are n to be despis$4 ,^! m5 are practical philosoph]s1 :o may fairly claim "s accurate k ( ! wea!r f day to day4 ,!y are mu* too s5sible & hone/ to pret5d to any p[] ( pr$ict+ if x w be fair or f\l wea!r1 = a ye>1 or a mon?1 or ev5 a week be=eh&4 ,su* a man has be5 describ$ by ! poet3-- 8,9 8 %eph]d's call+ he 0 prompt1 ,& wat*ful m ?an ord9>y m54 ,h5ce _h he le>n$ ! mean+ ( all w9ds1 ,( bla/s ( e tone2 &1 (t5times1 ,:5 o!rs he$$ n1 he he>d ! ,s\? ,make subt]rane\s music1 l ! noise ,( bagpip]s on di/ant ,highl& hills40 ,! late ,sir ,humphrey ,davy1 "o ( ! mo/ successful mod]n explor]s ( ! secrets ( nature1 0 n above att5d+ to1 & expla9+ !1 8wea!r-om5s0 :i* are d]iv$ f popul> obs]vation4 ,9 8 #8,salmonia' he has ! foll[+ dialogue betwe5 ,halieus 7a fly-fi%]71 ,poietes 7a poet71 ,physicus 7a man ( sci5ce71 & ,orni!r 7a sportsman73-- 8,poiet4 ,i hope we %all h ano!r good day to-morr[1 = ! cl\ds are r$ 9 ! we/4 8,phys4 ,i h no d\bt ( x1 = ! r$ has a t9t ( purple4 8,hal4 ,d y "k :y ?is t9t port5ds f9e wea!r8 8,phys4 ,! air1 :5 dry1 ,i believe1 refracts m r$1 or heat-mak+ rays2 & z dry air is n p]fectly transp>5t1 !y are aga9 reflect$ 9 ! horizon4 ,i h g5]ally obs]v$ a copp]y or yell[ sun-set to =etel ra92 b1 z an indication ( wet wea!r approa*+1 no?+ is m c]ta9 ?an a halo r\nd ! moon1 :i* is produc$ by ! precipitat$ wat]2 & ! l>g] ! circle1 ! ne>] ! cl\ds1 & consequ5tly ! m ready to fall4 8,hal4 ,i h (t5 obs]v$ t ! old prov]b is correct-- #8,a ra9b[ 9 ! morn+ is ! %eph]d's w>n+2 ,a ra9b[ at night is ! %eph]d's delight4' ,c y expla9 ?is om58 8,phys4 ,a ra9b[ c only occur :5 ! cl\ds conta9+1 or deposit+1 ! ra9 are opposite ! sun1--& 9 ! ev5+ ! ra9b[ is 9 ! ea/1 & 9 ! morn+ 9 ! we/2 & z our heavy ra9s1 9 ?is climate1 are usually br\ght by ! we/]ly w9d1 a ra9b[ 9 ! we/ indicates t ! bad wea!r is on ! road1 by ! w9d1 to u2 :]eas ! ra9b[ 9 ! ea/ proves t ! ra9 9 ^! cl\ds is pass+ f u4 8,poiet4 ,i h (t5 obs]v$1 t :5 ! swall[s fly high f9e wea!r is to be expect$ or cont9u$2 b :5 !y fly l[1 & close to ! gr\nd1 ra9 is almo/ surely approa*+4 ,c y acc\nt = ?is8 8,hal4 ,swall[s foll[ ! flies & gnats1 & flies & gnats usually delight 9 w>m /rata ( air2 & z w>m air is light]1 & usually moi/]1 ?an cold air1 :5 ! w>m /rata ( air are high1 !re is less *ance ( moi/ure be+ ?r[n d[n f !m by ! mixture ) cold air2 b :5 ! w>m & moi/ air is close to ! surface1 x is almo/ c]ta9 t1 z ! cold air fl[s d[n into x1 a deposition ( wat] w take place4 8,poiet4 ,i h (t5 se5 sea-gulls assemble on ! l&1 & h almo/ always obs]v$ t v /ormy & ra9y wea!r 0 approa*+4 ,i conclude t ^! animals1 s5sible ( a curr5t ( air approa*+ f ! ocean1 retire to ! l& to %elt] !mselves f ! /orm4 8,orn4 ,no su* ?+4 ,! /orm is _! elem5t1 & ! little petrel enjoys ! heavie/ gale2 because1 liv+ on ! small] sea insects1 he is sure to f9d 8 food 9 ! spray ( a heavy wave1 & y may see him flitt+ above ! edge ( ! highe/ surge4 ,i believe t ! reason ( ?is migration ( sea-gulls1 & o!r sea birds1 to ! l&1 is _! security ( f9d+ food2 & !y may be obs]v$1 at ?is "t1 fe$+ gre$ily on ! e>?-worms & l>v1 driv5 out ( ! gr\nd by sev]e floods2 & ! fi%1 on :i* !y prey 9 f9e wea!r 9 ! sea1 leave ! surface1 & g deep] 9 /orms4 ,! se>* aft] food1 z we h agre$ on a =m] occasion1 is ! pr9cipal cause :y animals *ange _! places4 ,! diff]5t tribes ( ! wad+ birds always migrate :5 ra9 is ab\t to take place2 & ,i rememb] once1 9 ,italy1 hav+ be5 long wait+1 9 ! end ( ,m>*1 = ! arrival ( ! d\ble snipe 9 ! ,campagna ( ,rome1 a great flight appe>$ on ! #c;d ( ,april1 & ! day aft] heavy ra9 set 91 :i* greatly int]f]$ ) my sport4 ,! vulture1 ^u ! same pr9ciple1 foll[s armies2 & ,i h no d\bt t ! augury ( ! anci5ts 0 a good deal f\nd$ ^u ! obs]vation ( ! in/9cts ( birds4 ,!re are _m sup]/itions ( ! vulg> ow+ to ! same s\rce4 ,= angl]s1 9 spr+1 x is always unlucky to see s+le magpies1--b two may be always reg>d$ z a fav\rable om52 & ! reason is1 t 9 cold & /ormy wea!r "o magpie alone leaves ! ne/ 9 se>* ( food1 ! o!r rema9+ sitt+ ^u ! eggs or ! "y ones2 b :5 two g out toge!r x is only :5 ! wea!r is w>m & mild1 & fav\rable = fi%+4 8,poiet4 ,! s+ul> connections ( causes & effects to :i* y h j ref]r$1 makes sup]/ition less to be wond]$ at1 p>ticul>ly among/ ! vulg>2 & :5 two facts1 naturally unconnect$1 h be5 accid5tally co9cid5t1 x is n s+ul> t ?is co9cid5ce %\ld h be5 obs]v$ & regi/]$1 & t om5s ( ! mo/ absurd k9d %\ld be tru/$ 94 ,9 ! we/ ( ,engl&1 half a c5tury ago1 a p>ticul> holl[ noise on ! sea coa/ 0 ref]r$ to a _s or gobl91 call$ ,bucca1 & 0 suppos$ to =etel a %ipwreck2 ! philosoph] kn[s t s\nd travels mu* fa/] ?an curr5ts 9 ! air--& ! s\nd always =etold ! approa* ( a v heavy /orm1 :i* seldom takes place on t wild & rocky coa/ )\t a %ipwreck on "s "p ( its ext5sive %ores1 surr\nd$ by ! ,atlantic40 ,we may n improp]ly conclude ?is pap] ) "s l9es :i* h be5 transmitt$ to u1 z a production ( ! late ,dr4 ,j5n]1 ! discov]] ( vacc9ation4 ,we1 ( c\rse1 d n recomm5d an implicit reliance ^u su* natural prophecies ( ! wea!r ( ! com+ day4 ,b1 at any rate1 :atev] connect$ ) ?is subject t5ds to op5 a man's own eyes1--:atev] excites 9 him ! habit ( obs]vation & comp>ison1--is a b5efit2 :il/ a reliance1 on ! contr>y1 on ! unpr9cipl$ quack]ies ( ! m popul> almanacs :i* /ill disgrace our c\ntry1 z well z e o!r pro/ration ( ! und]/&+ be=e ! %r9e ( ignorance1 is ! mo/ deceptive ( all /ates ( ! human m9d1 & ! mo/ likely to eng5d] a tra9 ( o!r delusions :i* %ut up ! s\rces ( real k1 & degrade ! :ole moral z well z intellectual "*4 ,,signs ,,( ,,ra94 ,address$ by ,dr4 ,j5n]1 9 #ahaj1 to a ,lady :o ask$ him if he ?\ght x w\ld ra9 to-morr[4 ,! holl[ w9ds beg9 to bl[1 ,! cl\ds look black1 ! glass is l[3 ,! soot falls d[n1 ! spaniels sleep1 ,& spid]s f _! cobwebs creep3 ,la/ night ! sun w5t pale to b$1 ,! moon 9 halos hid h] head3 ,! bod+ %eph]d heaves a sigh1 ,= see1 a ra9b[ spans ! sky2 ,! walls are damp1 ! dit*es smell1 ,clos$ is ! p9k-ey$ pimp]nel2 ,! squalid toads at dusk 7 se5 ,sl[ly crawl+ o'er ! gre52 ,l\d quack ! ducks1 ! peacocks cry1 ,! di/ant hills are look+ nigh2 ,h>k1 h[ ! *airs & tables crack1 ,old ,betty's jo9ts are on ! rack2 ,& see yon rooks1 h[ odd _! flight1 ,!y imitate ! glid+ kite1 ,or seem precipitate to fall ,z if !y felt ! pi]c+ ball2 ,h[ re/less are ! snort+ sw9e1 ,! busy flies di/urb ! k9e1 ,l[ o'er ! grass ! swall[ w+s1 ,! cricket too1 h[ l\d %e s+s1 ,puss on ! he>? ) velvet paws ,sits wip+ o'er h] :isk]'d jaws3-- ',twill surely ra91 ,i see1 ) sorr[1 ,our jaunt mu/ be put (f to-morr[4 ----- ,footnote #c3 ,e ,man out ( 8 ,hum\r2 ,act iii4 ,sc5e #g4 --------------------- ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum4--,no4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,musk-,ox4 ,we %all occasionally turn aside f ! monum5ts ( ,art 9 ! ,briti% ,museum to notice "s ( ! specim5s 9 ! collection ( ,natural ,hi/ory4 ,/uff$ sk9s & skeletons are1 ( c\rse1 mu* less int]e/+1 bo? to ! sci5tific /ud5t ( zoology & to ! ord9>y obs]v]1 ?an ! liv+ animal1 reta9+ 8 natural habits1 z f> z !y c be pres]v$1 9 a m5ag]ie4 ,b1 at ! same "t1 a /uff$ sk9 af=ds a mu* bett] notion ( ! animat$ creature ?an ! be/ draw+2 &1 9 "s cases1 ! liv+ specim5 _c be procur$1 or kept alive1 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 su* cases we are compell$ to resort to su* pres]v$ specim5s z t ( ! musk-ox1 on ! great /aircase ( ! ,museum4 ,?is specim5 is v fai?fully repres5t$ 9 ! above wood-cut4 ,! animal1 ( :i* ?is sk9 0 once a "p1 0 %ot by "s ( ! p]sons accompany+ ,capta9 ,p>ry1 9 "o ( 8 exp$itions to ! ,pol> ,seas2 & 0 pres5t$ to ! ,museum by ! ,lords ( ! ,admiralty4 ,! appe>ance ( ! musk-ox1 z ! visitor w obs]ve1 is /rik+ly diff]5t f t ( ! common black cattle ( ,great ,brita94 ,its limbs are s+ul>ly %ort1--its crook$ horns are broad & flatt5$1--long ?ick hair cov]s ! :ole ( its trunk1 hang+ d[n ne>ly to ! gr\nd1--& its %ort tail1 b5d+ inw>ds1 is entirely hidd5 by ! long hair ( ! rump & h9d qu>t]s4 ,x w be notic$ t ! hair is p>ticul>ly ?ick "u ! ?roat1 look+ some?+ l a horse's mane inv]t$4 ,! adaptation ( ! /ructure ( ?is animal to ! froz5 regions :i* he inhabits1 (f]s "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ illu/rations ( design :i* ! natural _w exhibits4 ,! %ortness ( ! creature's limbs prev5ts t exposure ( ! trunk to ! sn[-/orms & ! cold1 :i* w\ld result f a great] elevation2 :il/ he is m effectually protect$ f ! sev]ity ( ! seasons by ! d5se mass ( hair ) :i* 8 :ole body is cov]$1 & :i*1 9 w9t]1 becomes a ?ick woolly coat1 b5ea? ! long /raight hair :i* =ms 8 out] g>m5t4 ,! ,au?or ( ! ,app5dix to ,p>ry's ,second ,voyage1 9 notic+ ! rem>kable projection ( ! orbits ( ! eyes 9 ?is species1 consid]s t _! =mation is necess>y to c>ry ! eye ( ! animal cle> beyond ! l>ge quantity ( hair requir$ to pres]ve ! w>m? ( ! head4 ,?us protect$ f ! inclem5cy ( w9t] cold1 ! musk-ox rema9s ! cont5t$ & happy inhabitant ( ! mo/ b>r5 & desolate p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,)9 ! ,arctic ,circle1 9 ^? almo/ inaccessible regions :i* lie ne>e/ ! ,nor? ,pole1 l>ge h]ds ( ^! quadrup$s are f\nd1 appe>+ to d]ive z mu* enjoym5t f exi/5ce z ! cattle :o graze on ! mo/ luxuriant pa/ures1 b5ea? a g5ial sky4 ,!y are n (t5 f\nd at a great di/ance f woods2 b :5 !y fe$ ^u op5 gr\nds !y pref] ! mo/ precipit\s situations1 climb+ amid/ rocks ) all ! agility & precision ( ! m\nta9-goat or ! *amois4 ,grass1 :5 !y c get x1 moss1 twigs ( will[1 & p9e %oots1 con/itute _! food4 ,! p>ts ( ! pol> regions inhabit$ by ! musk-ox are ?us describ$ 9 ! ,app5dix to ,p>ry's ,second ,voyage3-- 8,?is species ( ox inhabits ! ,nor? ,georgian ,isl&s 9 ! summ] mon?s4 ,!y arriv$ 9 ,melville ,isl& 9 ! middle ( ,may1 cross+ ! ice f ! s\?w>d1 & quitt$ x on _! return t[>ds ! end ( ,septemb]4 ,! musk-ox may be fur!r /at$1 on ,esquimaux in=mation1 to inhabit ! c\ntry on ! we/ ( ,davis' ,/rait1 & on ! nor? ( ,baff9's ,bay2 z a head & horns & a draw+ ( a bull be+ %[n to ! ,esquimaux ( ! we/ coa/ ( ,davis' ,/rait :o 7 communicat$ ) on ! #g? ( ,septemb]1 7 imm$iately recogniz$1 & ! animal call$ by ! "n ( ,um+mack4 ,?is is evid5tly ! same ) ! ,umimak ( ! ,esquimaux ( ,wol/5holme ,s\nd1 :o 7 visit$ by ! =m] exp$ition1 & ( :i* no?+ m c\ld be le>nt at ! "t f _! description ?an t x 0 a l>ge horn$ animal inhabit+ ! l&1 & c]ta9ly n a re9-de]4 ,x is probable t ! individuals :i* ext5d _! summ] migration to ! nor?-ea/ ( ,baff9's ,bay1 retire dur+ ! w9t] to ! cont95t ( ,am]ica1 or to its neighb\rhood1 z ! species is unkn[n 9 ,s\? ,gre5l&40 ,capta9 ,frankl91 9 8 ,j\rney to ! ,pol> ,sea1 has giv5 ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! habits ( ?is species3-- 8,! musk-ox51 l ! buffalo1 h]d toge!r 9 b&s1 & g5]ally frequ5t b>r5 gr\nds dur+ ! summ] mon?s1 keep+ ne> ! riv]s1 b retire to ! woods 9 w9t]4 ,!y seem to be less wat*ful ?an mo/ o!r wild animals1 & :5 graz+ are n difficult to approa*1 provid$ ! hunt]s g aga9/ ! w9d4 ,:5 two or ?ree m5 get s ne> a h]d z to fire at !m f diff]5t po9ts1 ^! animals1 in/ead ( sep>at+ or runn+ away1 huddle clos] toge!r1 & sev]al are g5]ally kill$2 b if ! w\nd is n mortal !y become enrag$1 & d>t 9 ! mo/ furi\s mann] at ! hunt]s1 :o mu/ be v dext]\s to evade !m4 ,!y c def5d !mselves by _! p[]ful horns aga9/ wolves & be>s1 :i*1 z ! ,indians say1 !y n unfrequ5tly kill4 ,! musk-ox5 fe$ on ! same sub/ances ) ! re9-de]1 & ! pr9ts ( ! feet ( ^! two animals are s mu* alike1 t x requires ! eye ( an exp]i5c$ hunt] to di/+ui% !m4 ,! l>ge/ kill$ by u did n exce$ 9 weight ?ree hundr$ p\nds4 ,! fle% has a musky disagreeable flav\r1 p>ticul>ly :5 ! animal is lean1 :i* un=tunately = u 0 ! case ) all t we n[ kill$10 ,! bulls ( ?is species kill$ dur+ ,p>ry's second voyage weigh$1 ^u an av]age1 ab\t #gjj lbs41 yield+ ab\t #djj lbs4 ( meat2 & !y /ood ab\t #aj h&s high at ! )]s4 ,on ! /aircase ( ! ,museum are also /uff$ specim5s ( a male & female ,giraffe1 or ,camelop>d1 :i* 7 pres5t$ to ! ,museum by ,mr4 ,bur*ell1 ! travell] 9 ,africa4 ,! liv+ giraffe :i* 0 pres5t$ to ,george ,,iv4 9 #ahbg1 by ! ,pa*a ( ,egypt1 di$ 9 #ahbi4 ,! o!r giraffe s5t to ! gov]nm5t ( ,france1 9 #ahbg1 is /ill liv+ 9 ! ,j>d9 des ,plantes1 at ,p>is4 ,x is impossible f a /udi$ specim5 to =m an adequate idea ( ! grace & beauty ( ?is rem>kable animal2 nor ( ! impression produc$ ^u ! s5ses by a creature ( su* enorm\s height lift+ up its head to ga!r ! t5d] leaves f bran*es ?ree times z high z a tall man4 ,till ! liv+ giraffes 7 br\ght to ,engl& & ,france !re 0 a g5]al belief t ! descriptions ( ?is animal 7 p>tly fabul\s4 ,x is n[ e/abli%$ t ! acc\nt :i* 0 giv5 ( ?is animal by ,le ,vaillant1 "o ( ! mo/ amus+ ( travell]s1 :o saw ! animal 9 its native woods1 is p]fectly accurate4 ,we copy ! foll[+ description f 8 ,second ,voyage1 z translat$ 9 #8,! ,m5ag]ies1' ,vol4 ,i43-- 8,! giraffe rum9ates1 z e animal does t possesses1 at ! same "t1 horns & clov5 feet4 ,x grazes also 9 ! same way2 b n (t51 because ! c\ntry :i* x inhabits has little pa/urage4 ,its ord9>y food is ! leaf ( a sort ( mimosa1 call$ by ! natives kanaap1 & by ! coloni/s1 kameeldoorn4 ,?is tree be+ only f\nd 9 ! c\ntry ( ! ,namaquas1 may probably af=d a reason :y ! giraffe is !re fix$1 & :y he is n se5 9 ^? regions ( ,s\!rn ,africa :]e ! tree does n gr[4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,giraffe4 8,d\btless ! mo/ beautiful "p ( 8 body is ! head4 ,! m\? is small2 ! eyes are brilliant & full4 ,betwe5 ! eyes1 & above ! nose is a swell+1 v prom95t & well def9$4 ,?is prom95ce is n a fle%y excresc5ce1 b an enl>gem5t ( ! bony sub/ance2 & x seems to be simil> to ! two little lumps1 or protub]ances1 ) :i* ! top ( 8 head is arm$1 & :i*1 be+ ab\t ! size ( a h5's egg1 spr+1 on ea* side1 at ! comm5cem5t ( ! mane4 ,8 tongue is r\gh1 & t]m9ates 9 a po9t4 ,! two jaws h1 on ea* side1 six mol> tee?2 b ! l[] jaw has1 beyond ^!1 eight incisive tee?1 :ile ! upp] jaw has none4 8,! ho(s1 :i* are cleft1 & h no nails1 resemble ^? ( ! ox4 ,we may rem>k1 at fir/ sight1 t ^? ( ! =e feet are l>g] ?an ^? ( ! h9d4 ,! leg is v sl5d]1 b ! knees h a prom95ce1 because ! animal kneels :5 he lies d[n4 8,if ,i _h n myself kill$ ! giraffe1 ,i %\ld h believ$1 z h _m naturali/s1 t ! =e legs are mu* long] ?an ! h9d4 ,?is is an error2 = ! legs h1 9 g5]al1 ! proportion ( ^? ( o!r quadrup$s4 ,i say 9 g5]al1 because 9 ?is g5us !re are v>ieties1 z !re are 9 animals ( ! same species4444 ,8 def5ce1 z t ( ! horse & o!r ho($ animals1 consi/s 9 kicks2 & 8 h9d] limbs are s light1 & 8 bl[s s rapid1 t ! eye _c foll[ !m4 ,!y are suffici5t = 8 def5ce aga9/ ! lion4 ,he nev] employs 8 horns 9 resi/+ any attack4444 ,! giraffes1 male & female1 resemble ea* o!r 9 _! ext]ior1 9 _! y\?4 ,_! obtuse horns are !n t]m9at$ by a knot ( long hair3 ! female pres]ves ?is peculi>ity "s "t1 b ! male loses x at ! age ( ?ree ye>s4 ,! hide1 :i* is at fir/ ( a light r$1 becomes ( a deep] col\r z ! animal advances 9 age1 & is at l5g? ( a yell[ br[n 9 ! female1 & ( a br[n approa*+ to black 9 ! male4 ,by ?is diff]5ce ( col\r ! male may be di/+ui%$ f ! female at a di/ance4 ,! sk9 v>ies 9 bo? sexes1 z to ! di/ribution & =m ( ! spots4 ,! female is n s high z ! male1 & ! prom95ce ( ! front is n s m>k$4 ,%e has f\r teats4 ,accord+ to ! acc\nt ( ! natives1 %e goes ) "y ab\t twelve mon?s1 & has "o at a bir?40 --------------------- ,,! ,,week4 ,illu/ration3 ,flaxman4 ,july #d4--,on ?is day1 9 ! ye> #agae1 0 born at ,hayni*51 ne> ,freyb]g1 9 ,saxony1 ! ,g]man poet1 ,,*ri/ian ,,fur*tegott ,,gell]t4 ,gell]t 0 n a man ( ! highe/ g5ius2 b appe>+ at a fav\rable "t1 be+ animat$ by ! f9e/ _s ( b5evol5ce & virtu\s ambition1 & possess+ j ! tal5ts & "* ( m9d suit$ to ! task :i* he und]took1 t ( awak5+ ! g5]al body ( 8 c\ntrym5 to a ta/e = lit]ature1 he produc$ z great & z gratify+ an effect by 8 works z1 p]haps1 any writ] t ev] liv$4 ,8 fa!r 0 a cl]gyman1 & he 0 orig9ally int5d$ = ! same pr(ession2 b 8 fir/ attempt 9 ! pulpit conv9c$ him t 8 con/itutional timidity w\ld probably prev5t him f ev] becom+ an effective public speak]4 ,he !n resolv$ to devote himself to ! in/ruction ( 8 c\ntrym5 ?r\gh ! press4 ,at ?is "t ,g]many 0 almo/ de/itute ( a national lit]ature4 ,! c\ntry _h giv5 bir? to _m great s*ol>s2 & bo? classical le>n+ & ! ab/ruse philosophy ( ! middle ages 7 cultivat$ ) zeal & success 9 its colleges4 ,b sc>cely any "o _h yet aris5 to write = ! p4 ,?is ,gell]t & a few ( 8 fri5ds resolv$ to d4 ,disc>d+ all ! repulsive te*nicalities ( ! s*ools1 !y proce$$ to exp\nd & illu/rate ! great pr9ciples ( morality1 metaphysics1 & criticism1 = ! use ( society at l>ge1 9 a natural & popul> /yle1 su* z 0 fitt$ to be intelligible & int]e/+ to all4 ,9 ?is patriotic ent]prise ,gell]t may be said to h sp5t 8 life4 ,e successive "w :i* he produc$ 0 receiv$ ) delight by ,g]many2 b 8 celebrat$ #8,fables' 7 read ) rapture by all classes ( ! population4 ,"o day a peasant appe>$ at ,gell]t's door 9 ,leipsic1 ) a waggon load$ ) fire-wood4 8,is x n "h10 ask$ ! man1 8t ,mr4 ,gell]t lives80 ,on be+ told t x 01 he desir$ to see ! ma/] ( ! h\se2 & hav+ be5 br\ght to him1 8,are n y1 sir10 he said1 8! au?or ( ! #8,fables8'0 8,i am10 repli$ ,gell]t4 8,well !n10 said ! o!r1 8"h is a load ( wood1 :i* ,i h br\ght y1 to ?ank y = ! pleasure :i* y\r book has giv5 to myself1 my wife1 & my *ildr540 ,by su* a he>t z ,gell]t's ?is 0 probably felt to be a m t\*+ tribute to 8 p[]s ?an ! plaudits ( cr[d$ !atres w\ld h be54 ,ano!r "t he 0 /&+ 9 ! work%op ( a bookb9d]1 :5 a villag] came 9 ) a book 9 8 h&4 8,"h10 said he1 8,i want ?is book /rongly b\nd40 8,:]e did y pick up ?is book80 ask$ ! b9d]4 8,i b\ght x 9 our t[n10 repli$ ! delight$ possessor ( ! treasure2 8x has made ! /ew>d ( ! manor & ! s*oolma/] laugh till !y h almo/ split _! sides3 ,i h a little boy1 :o is n[ a tol]ably good read]2 he %all read f ?is book to me 9 ! ev5+1 :ile ,i smoke my pipe1 & ,i w g no m to ! ale-h\se40 ,ev5 ! w> 7commonly call$ ! sev5 ye>s' w>7 :i* ravag$ a great "p ( ,g]many f #agef to #agfc1 did n ext+ui% ! popul> en?usiasm = ! writ+s ( ,gell]t4 ,:5 ,leipsic 0 tak5 by ! ,prussians 9 #ageh1 a lieut5ant ( huss>s f\nd out ! peaceable poet 9 8 h\se1 & n cont5t$ ) ?ank+ him w>mly = ! delightful books to :i*1 he said1 he ow$ s _m pleasant h\rs1 insi/$1 by way ( m sub/antially te/ify+ 8 gratitude1 ^u mak+ him a pres5t ( a pair ( pi/ols1 :i* he _h tak5 f a ,cossack4 ,nay1 ! common soldi]s !mselves us$ to come1 almo/ 9 regim5ts1 to he> a c\rse ( lectures on moral philosophy1 :i* he read 9 public ab\t ?is "t2 & x is relat$ t "o man1 hav+ obta9$ leave ( abs5ce1 turn$ a consid]able way out ( 8 road1 on 8 j\rney homew>ds1 9 ord] to see1 z he express$ x1 t hone/ fell[1 ,mr4 ,gell]t1 ^: books _h sav$ him f becom+ a pr(ligate4 ,! works ( ,gell]t h be5 frequ5tly pr9t$ 9 a collect$ =m1 & am\nt1 9 ! fulle/ edition1 to t5 volumes duodecimo4 ,he _h be5 afflict$ dur+ ! great] "p ( 8 life by bad heal?2 & di$ on ! night ( ! #ac? ( ,decemb]1 #agfi1 9 ! fifty-fif? ye> ( 8 age4 ,hav+ l+]$ long 9 consid]able pa91 he rem>k$ to ! physician1 a %ort "t be=e 8 dea?1 t he _h n believ$ x w\ld h be5 s difficult to die1 & ask$ :5 ! t]m9ation ( 8 suff]+s might be expect$4 ,:5 he 0 in=m$ t ano!r h\r w\ld probably release him1 8,god be prais$10 he said2 8/ill ano!r h\r60 & !n lay 9 sil5t resignation1 till ! expect$ deliv]ance came4 ,g]many lam5t$1 ) all ! tok5s ( national grief1 ! loss ( h] amiable in/ructor2 & m$als & public monum5ts te/ifi$ ! admiration & gratitude ( all ranks ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,july #f4--,! bir?-day ( ,,john ,,flaxman1 ! late em95t sculptor1 ^: works h done s mu* to =m ! ,engli% s*ool ( design4 ,flaxman 0 born 9 #agee1 9 ,york1 f :5ce he 0 remov$ 9 8 infancy to ,london1 :]e 8 fa!r1 :o 0 a m\ld] ( figures1 subsequ5tly kept a %op 9 ! ,/r& = ! sale ( pla/] ca/s4 ,! fa!r's occupation1 no d\bt1 contribut$ to call =? ! g5ius ( ! son2 b ! boy v e>ly began to give evid5ce ( fondness = ^? arts to :i* 8 future life 0 devot$1 & ( s+ul> ta/e & skill 9 ! ef=ts ( 8 un9/ruct$ p5cil4 ,l _m m ( ! mo/ di/+ui%$ cultivators ( lit]ature & art1 he 0 prev5t$ by ! weakness & delicate heal? ( 8 e>ly ye>s f mix+ 9 ! rud] sports ( boys ( 8 own age2 & ?is1 ( c\rse1 gave him m "t = solit>y /udy4 ,8 fa!r 0 n able to af=d him ! advantages ( a regul> education2 b he rapidly acquir$ a great deal ( k by 8 own unaid$ ef=ts4 ,:5 he 0 fifte5 he 0 admitt$ a /ud5t 9 ! ,royal ,academy4 ,"h he 0 successful 9 a competition = ! inf]ior hon\r ( ! silv] m$al2 b on ! conte/ = ! gold "o1 ,sir ,jo%ua ,reynolds1 ! ,presid5t1 aw>d$ ! prize to ano!r4 ,?is 01 p]haps1 ^u ! :ole1 n an un=tunate incid5t = ,flaxman1 ?\gh he sev]ely felt :at he ?\ght an inju/ice4 ,8 rival1 not)/&+ 8 good =tune on ?is occasion1 nev] rose to any di/9ction2 b ,flaxman1 ) ! h]oism ( true g5ius1 resolv$ to oblit]ate ?is defeat ( 8 y\? by future triumphs1 ( ! glory ( :i* no su* decision %\ld be able to rob him4 ,& ?is resolution he nobly fulfill$4 ,8 fir/ employm5t 0 giv5 him by ! ,messrs4 ,w$gewood1 ! productions ( ^: porcela9 pott]ies he embelli%$ ) designs t gave at once a new "* to ?is bran* ( ,briti% manufactures4 ,9 #aghb he m>ri$2 & five ye>s aft]w>ds proce$$ to visit ,italy1 :]e he rema9$ till #agid1 /udy+ ! celebrat$ monum5ts ( ! f9e arts ) :i* t c\ntry ab\nds1 & at ! same "t ex]t+ 8 own p5cil 9 ! production ( works :i* soon spread 8 fame ov] ,europe4 ,hav+ !n return$ to ,engl&1 he 0 9 #agig elect$ an ,associate1 & 9 #ahjj a ,memb]1 ( ! ,royal ,academy4 ,aft] ?is he execut$ _m great works 9 m>ble2 &1 z a lectur]1 af=d$ "s valuable contributions to ! lit]ature ( 8 pr(ession4 ,= _m ye>s be=e 8 dea? 8 "n rank$ ) ! highe/ ( ! liv+ arti/s ( ,engl&4 ,b we mu/ ref] ! read] = an acc\nt ( 8 p]=mances to ,mr4 ,allan ,cunn+ham's int]e/+ life ( him1 lately publi%$1 or to ! ab/ract ( t memoir 9 ! second numb] ( ! ,gall]y ( ,portraits4 ,he di$ at 8 h\se 9 ,buck+ham-/reet1 on ! #g? ( ,decemb]1 #ahbf1 9 ! sev5ty-second ye> ( 8 age4 --------------------- ,,improvem5t ,,9 ,,social ,,condition4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( ,nor? ,am]ica is1 9 "s respects1 "o ( ! mo/ in/ructive t we c turn to2 because we are accurately acqua9t$ ) ! orig9 ( ?is social community1 & are also enabl$ to trace its hi/ory 9 all its important facts1 f ! fir/ e/abli%m5t ( ! sev]al colonies up to ! pres5t condition ( ! ,union4 ,( all hi/orical records none c be put 9 comp>ison ) legislative enactm5ts1 z %[+ ! condition ( ! p at any giv5 p]iod1 & ! degree ( m5tal culture diffus$ among !m4 ,9 ! ,am]ican ,/ates1 ev5 "u _! =m] colonial gov]nm5t1 !re 7 few m5 ( any importance 9 ! prov9ces :o did n p>ticipate 9 "s ( ! functions ( gov]nm5t2 & we may !re=e consid] ! laws enact$ at t p]iod z indicative ( ! op9ions held by ! mo/ influ5tial classes4 ,we happ5 to h be=e u an old collection ( ,virg9ia laws1 entitl$1 #8,a complete collection ( ! ,laws ( ,virg9ia1 at a ,gr& ,assembly held at ,james ,city1 #bc;d ,m>*1 #affb2' a few extracts f :i* may n be un9t]e/+4 ,!re appe>s to be 9 ?is volume only "o law ab\t education1 :i* prescribes ! f\nd+ ( a college 8= ! advance ( le>n+1 education ( y\?1 supply ( ! m9i/ry1 & promotion ( piety40 ,! law /ates h[ ! money is to be rais$2 b z to its application no?+ m is said1 except t a piece ( l& is to be got1 &1 8) z mu* spe$ z may be conv5i5t1 h\s+ is to be erect$ !reon = ent]ta9m5t ( /ud5ts & s*ol>s40 ,! h\s+ dep>tm5t seems to h be5 ! upp]mo/ ?+ 9 ! legislature's ?\ghts2 ! provid+ ( good tea*]s 0 a second>y consid]ation4 ,!re are sev]al enactm5ts ab\t 8rew>ds = kill+ wolves10 :i* at t "t infe/$ ev5 ! l[] p>ts ( ,virg9ia4 ,at ! pres5t day1 ow+ to ! increase ( population1 ! wolf & o!r wild animals1 ?\gh occasionally he>d (1 are b r>ely se5 ev5 9 ! m\nta9s1 & seldom d any damage4 ,! rew>d 8= e wolf de/roy$ by pit1 trap1 or o!rwise1 is #bjj p\nds ( tobacco40 ,tobacco 0 ! mo/ common /&>d ( value 9 ,virg9ia at t "t1 z we see f ?is & num]\s o!r in/ances1 :]e f9es1 c4 are e/imat$ at s _m p\nds ( tobacco4 ,?us x is /at$ 9 enactm5t #ce1 t 8! c\rt %all n take cognizance ( any cause "u ! value ( #bjj p\nds ( tobacco1 or tw5ty %ill+s /]l+1 :i* a private ju/ice may & is h]eby au?oriz$ & emp[]$ to he> & det]m9e40 ,! foll[+ recipe = good ord] is conta9$ 9 an enactm5t1 entitl$ #8,pillories to be erect$ at ea* ,c\rt3'--8,9 e c\nty ! c\rt %all cause to be set up a pillory1 a pair ( /ocks1 & a :ipp+-po/ ne> ! c\rt-h\se1 & a duck+-/ool2--& ! c\rt n caus+ ! said pillory1 :ipp+-po/1 /ocks1 & duck+-/ool to be erect$1 %all be f9$ #ejjj p\nds ( tobacco to ! use ( ! public40 ,9 ^? days ! foll[+ provision 0 made = ext5d+ ! elective fran*ise1 :i* appe>s f\nd$ on a rational pr9ciple3 8,e c\nty t w lay out #ajj acres ( l&1 & p x ) #ajj ty!able 7taxable7 p]sons1 t place %all enjoy ! l privilege0 ( s5d+ a burgess4 ,! burgesses1 toge!r ) _! att5dants1 7 free f arre/1 f ! "t ( election till t5 days aft] dissolution ( ! assembly2 ?is privilege1 h[ev]1 0 some:at modifi$ by sev]al clauses4 ,e burgess 0 all[$ dur+ ! sitt+ ( ! assembly 8#aej lbs4 ( tobacco & cask p] day1 besides ! necess>y *>ge ( go+ to ! assembly & return+40 ,?is practice ( pay+ legislators1 :i*1 9 ,am]ica1 orig9at$ "u ! ,colonial sy/em1 is /ill cont9u$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,x did n entirely cease 9 ,engl& until ! reign ( ,*>les ,,ii4 ,&rew ,m>vell1 "o ( ! burgesses ( ,hull1 0 ! la/ memb] ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons :o appe>s to h accept$ ! wages :i* all 7 entitl$ to receive4 ,among comm]cial re/rictions we f9d an enactm5t prohibit+ ! plant+ ( tobacco aft] ! #aj? ( ,july1 :i* 0 done = 8! improvem5t ( our only commodity tobacco1 :i* c no ways be effect$ b by less5+ ! quantity & am5d+ ! quality40 ,t ! =m] effect might possibly be produc$ by ! enactm5t1 )\t secur+ ! latt]1 seems pretty c]ta94 ,ano!r object t ! gov]nm5t _h 9 view 0 to compel ! p to become silk-gr[]s aga9/ _! w4 8,be x !re=e enact$10 says ! legislature1 8t e proprietor ( l& )9 ! colony ( ,virg9ia %all1 = e hundr$ acres ( l& hold5 9 fee1 plant ^u ! said l& t5 mulb]ry-trees at twelve foot di/ance f ea* o!r1 & secure !m by we$+ & a suffici5t f5ce f cattle & horses40 ,tobacco f9es1 z usual1 7 enact$ 9 case ! plant+ & we$+ 7 n duly p]=m$2 & fur!r1 8!re %all be all[$ 9 ! public levy to any "o = e p\nd ( w\nd silk he %all make1 fifty p\nds ( tobacco1 to be rais$ 9 ! public levy1 & paid 9 ! c\nty or c\nties :]e !y dwell t make x40 ,?is act 0 pass$ 9 #affb1 & probably cont9u$ 9 =ce = a long "t2 b ,virg9ia did n !re=e become a silk-gr[+ c\ntry1 nor has x yet1 ?\gh _m p>ts are well adapt$ to raise ?is commodity4 ,p1 we presume1 h hi!rto f\nd o!r ?+s m pr(itable ?an silk4 ,! foll[+ enactm5t has a mo/ b>b>\s "* ab\t x1 n unmix$ ) some?+ extremely ludicr\s z to ! idea ( ! legislature try+ to prev5t wom5 f talk+3 8,:]eas _m babbl+ wom5 sl&] & sc&alize _! neighb\rs1 = :i* _! poor husb&s are (t5 involv$ 9 *>geable & vexati\s suits1 & ca/ 9 great damages3--,be x !re=e enact$1 t 9 actions ( sl&]1 occasion$ by ! wife1 aft] judgm5t pass$ = ! damages1 ! woman %all be puni%$ by duck+2 & if ! sl&] be s enorm\s z to be adjudg$ at great] damages ?an #ejj p\nds ( tobacco1 !n ! woman to suff] a duck+ = ea* #ejj p\nds ( tobacco adjudg$ aga9/ ! husb&1 if he refuse to pay ! tobacco40 ,?is old /atute book ( ,virg9ia is full ( enactm5ts su* z we h quot$2 "s exce$+ly mis*iev\s1 & o!rs v ludicr\s4 ,x w\ld1 h[ev]1 be unfair to say t !re are n also "s good regulations 9 x4 ,7 a hi/ory ( our own or any o!r c\ntry to be writt51 f\nd$ on ! legislative enactm5ts & illu/rat$1 :5ev] x 0 possible1 by individual cases on record1 we %\ld !n beg9 to h "s idea ( :at hi/ory is4 ,in/ead ( ! spl5d\rs or ! follies ( a few :o occupy ! att5tion ( ! hi/orian1 we %\ld be able to =m a m complete picture ( ! condition ( ! :ole community1 & a m exact e/imate ( ! progress :i* has be5 made 9 social k4 --------------------- ,,! ,,loss ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,george4 ,on ! #bi? ( ,augu/1 #aghb1 x 0 f\nd necess>y t ! ,royal ,george1 a l9e-(-battle %ip ( #ajh guns1 :i* _h lately arriv$ at ,spi!ad f a cruise1 %\ld1 previ\sly to h] go+ aga9 to sea1 und]go ! op]ation :i* seam5 te*nically call a ,p>liam5t heel4 ,9 su* cases ! %ip is incl9$ 9 a c]ta9 degree on "o side1 :ile ! defects bel[ ! wat]m>k on ! o!r side are exam9$ & repair$4 ,?is mode ( proce$+ is1 we believe1 at ! pres5t day1 v commonly adopt$ :]e ! defects to be repair$ are n ext5sive1 or :]e 7z 0 ! case ) ! ,royal ,george7 x is desirable to avoid ! delay ( go+ into dock4 ,! op]ation is usually p]=m$ 9 /ill wea!r & smoo? wat]1 & is att5d$ ) s little difficulty & dang]1 t ! (fic]s & crew usually rema9 on bo>d1 & nei!r ! guns nor /ores are remov$4 ,! bus9ess 0 comm5c$ on ! ,royal ,george e>ly 9 ! morn+1 a gang ( m5 f ! ,portsm\? ,dock-y>d com+ on bo>d to assi/ ! %ip's c>p5t]s4 ,x is said t1 f9d+ x necess>y to /rip (f m ( ! %ea?+ ?an _h be5 int5d$1 ! m5 9 _! eag]ness to rea* ! defect 9 ! %ip's bottom1 7 induc$ to heel h] too mu*1 :5 a sudd5 squall ( w9d ?rew h] :olly on h] side2 & ! gun-ports be+ op51 & ! cannon roll+ ov] to ! depress$ side1 ! %ip 0 unable to "r h]self1 in/antane\sly fill$ ) wat]1 & w5t to ! bottom4 ,! fatal accid5t happ5$ ab\t t5 o'clock 9 ! morn+2 ,admiral ,kemp5feldt 0 writ+ 9 8 cab91 & ! great] "p ( ! p 7 betwe5 decks4 ,! %ip1 z is usually ! case ^u com+ into port1 0 cr[d$ ) p f ! %ore1 p>ticul>ly wom51 ( :om x is suppos$ !re 7 n less ?an ?ree hundr$ on bo>d4 ,among/ ! suff]]s 7 _m ( ! wives & *ildr5 ( ! petty (fic]s & seam51 :o1 kn[+ ! %ip 0 %ortly to sail on a di/ant & p]il\s s]vice1 eag]ly embrac$ ! opportunity ( visit+ _! husb&s & fa!rs4 ,! ,admiral1 ) _m brave (fic]s & mo/ ( ^? :o 7 betwe5 decks1 p]i%$2 ! great] numb] ( ! gu>d1 & ^? :o happ5$ to be on ! upp] deck1 7 sav$ by ! boats ( ! fleet4 ,ab\t sev5ty o!rs 7 likewise sav$4 ,! exact numb] ( p]sons on bo>d at ! "t c\ld n be asc]ta9$2 b x 0 calculat$ t f #hjj to #ajjj 7 lo/4 ,capta9 ,waghorne1 ^: gallantry 9 ! ,nor? ,sea battle1 "u ,admiral ,p>k]1 _h procur$ him ! comm& ( ?is %ip1 0 sav$1 ?\gh he 0 sev]ely bruis$ & batt]$2 b 8 son1 a lieut5ant 9 ! ,royal ,george1 p]i%$4 ,su* 0 ! =ce ( ! :irlpool1 occasion$ by ! sudd5 plunge ( s va/ a body 9 ! wat]1 t a victuall] :i* lay alongside ! ,royal ,george 0 swamp$2 & sev]al small craft1 at a consid]able di/ance1 7 9 imm95t dang]4 ,admiral ,kemp5feldt1 :o 0 ne>ly #gj ye>s ( age1 0 peculi>ly & univ]sally lam5t$4 ,9 po9t ( g5]al sci5ce & judgm5t1 he 0 "o ( ! fir/ naval (fic]s ( 8 "t2 &1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! art ( manuvr+ a fleet1 he 0 consid]$ by ! comm&]s ( t day z unrivall$4 ,8 excell5t qualities1 z a man1 are said to h equall$ 8 pr(essional m]its4 ,?is melan*oly occurr5ce has be5 record$ by ! poet1 ,c[p]1 9 ! foll[+ beautiful l9es3-- ,toll = ! brave6 ,! brave1 t are no m6 ,all sunk b5ea? ! wave1 ,fa/ by _! native %ore4 ,eight hundr$ ( ! brave1 ,^: c\rage well 0 tri$1 ,_h made ! vessel heel1 ,& laid h] on h] side4 ,a l&-breeze %ook ! %r\ds1 ,& %e 0 ov]set2 ,d[n w5t ! ,royal ,george1 ,) all h] crew complete4 ,toll = ! brave6 ,brave ,kemp5feldt is gone2 ,8 la/ sea-fight is f\ght2 ,8 "w ( glory done4 ,x 0 n 9 ! battle2 ,no tempe/ gave ! %ock2 ,%e sprang no fatal leak2 ,%e ran ^u no rock4 ,8 sword 0 9 its %ea?2 ,8 f+]s held ! p51 ,:5 ,kemp5feldt w5t d[n1 ,) twice f\r hundr$ m54 ,weigh ! vessel up1 ,once dread$ by our foes6 ,& m+le ) our cup ,! te> t ,engl& owes4 ,h] timb]s yet are s\nd1 ,& %e may float aga91 ,full *>g'd ) ,engl&'s ?und]1 ,& pl\gh ! di/ant ma94 ,b ,kemp5feldt is gone1 ,8 victories are o'er2 ,& he1 & 8 eight hundr$1 ,%all pl\gh ! wave no m4 --------------------- ,/range ,mode ( cur+ a vici\s ,horse4--,i h se5 vici\s horses 9 ,egypt cur$ ( ! habit ( bit+1 by pres5t+ to !m1 :ile 9 ! act ( do+ s1 a leg ( mutton j tak5 f ! fire3 ! pa9 :i* a horse feels 9 bit+ ?r\gh ! hot meat1 causes x1 aft] a few lessons1 to ab&on ! vici\s habit4--,burckh>dt4 --------------------- ,! ,b$\9s nev] all[ a horse1 at ! mom5t ( 8 bir?1 to fall ^u ! gr\nd2 !y receive x 9 _! arms1 & s *]i% x = sev]al h\rs1 occupi$ 9 wa%+ & /ret*+ its t5d] limbs1 & c>ess+ x z !y w\ld a baby4 ,aft] ?is !y place x on ! gr\nd1 & wat* its feeble /eps ) p>ticul> att5tion1 progno/icat+ f t "t ! excell5ces or defects ( _! future companion4--,burckh>dt4 --------------------- ,trem5d\s ,e>?quakes4--,e>?quakes h caus$ _m melan*oly *anges 9 ,calabria2 & e ?+ be>s te/imony to ! cruel ravages occasion$ by t ( #aghc4 ,?is frightful cata/rophe1 :i* has alt]$ ! aspect ( ^! c\ntries 9 an inconceivable mann]1 0 prec$$ by ! mo/ appall+ indications4 ,close1 compact1 & immoveable mi/s seem$ to hang heavily ov] ! e>?3 9 "s places ! atmosph]e appe>$ r$ hot1 s t p expect$ x w\ld e mom5t bur/ out into flames3 ! wat] ( ! riv]s assum$ an a%y & turbid col\r1 :ile a suffocat+ /5* ( sulphur diffus$ itself ar\nd4 ,! viol5t %ocks :i* 7 repeat$ at sev]al int]vals f ! #e? ( ,febru>y to ! #bh? ( ,may1 de/roy$ ! great] "p ( ! build+s ( ,calabria ,ultra4 ,! numb] ( inhabitants :o 7 cru%$ "u ! ru9s ( _! h\ses1 or :o p]i%$ on ! /r&s ( ,scylla1 0 e/imat$ at ab\t #ej1jjj4 ,riv]s arre/$ 9 _! c\rse by ! fall ( m\nta9s1 became s _m infect$ lakes1 corrupt+ ! air 9 all directions4 ,h\ses1 trees1 & l>ge fields 7 hurri$ d[n toge!r to ! bottom ( ! deep gl5s )\t be+ sep>at$ by ! %ock3 9 %ort1 all ! extraord9>y calamities & *anges :i* c be effect$ by e>?quakes 7 beheld at ?is deplorable p]iod1 "u ! v>i\s =ms :i* *>act]ize !m4--,calabria1 dur+ a ,milit>y ,resid5ce4 --------------------- ,age ( ,%eep4--,! age ( a %eep may be kn[n by exam9+ ! front tee?4 ,!y are eight 9 numb]1 & appe> dur+ ! fir/ ye>1 all ( a small size4 ,9 ! second ye>1 ! two middle ones fall out1 & _! place is suppli$ by two new tee?1 :i* are easily di/+ui%$ by be+ ( a l>g] size4 ,9 ! ?ird ye> two o!r small tee?1 "o f ea* side1 drop out & are replac$ by two l>ge ones2 s t !re are n[ f\r l>ge tee? 9 ! middle1 & two po9t$ ones on ea* side4 ,9 ! f\r? ye> ! l>ge tee? are six 9 numb]1 & only two small ones rema91 "o at ea* end ( ! range4 ,9 ! fif? ye> ! rema9+ small tee? are lo/1 & ! :ole front tee? are l>ge4 ,9 ! six? ye> ! :ole beg9 to be worn1 & 9 ! sev5?1 sometimes soon]1 "s fall out or are brok54 ,f #8! ,m\nta9 ,%eph]d's ,manual1' a useful little tract on ! nature1 diseases1 & managem5t ( %eep1 be+ ,no4 #bd ( ! #8,f>m]'s ,s]ies1' publi%$ "u ! ,sup]9t5d5ce ( ! ,society = ! ,diffusion ( ,useful ,k4 --------------------- ,anecdote ( ! late ,hon\rable ,h5ry ,cav5di%4-- ,"o ,sunday ev5+ he 0 /&+ at ,sir ,joseph ,banks's1 9 a cr[d$ room1 conv]s+ ) ,mr4 ,hat*ett1 :5 ,dr4 ,+5h\sz1 :o _h a good deal ( pomposity ( mann]1 came up ) an ,au/rian g5tleman 9 8 h&1 & introduc$ him =mally to ,mr4 ,cav5di%4 ,he m5tion$ ! titles & qualifications ( 8 fri5d at great l5g?1 & said t he _h be5 peculi>ly anxi\s to be introduc$ to a philosoph] s pr(\nd & s univ]sally kn[n & celebrat$ z ,mr4 ,cav5di%4 ,z soon z ,dr4 ,+5h\sz _h f9i%$1 ! ,au/rian g5tleman began1 & assur$ ,mr4 ,cav5di%1 t 8 pr9cipal reason = com+ to ,london 0 to see & conv]se ) "o ( ! greate/ ornam5ts ( ! age1 & "o ( ! mo/ illu/ri\s philosoph]s t ev] exi/$4 ,to all ^! high-fl[n spee*es ,mr4 ,cav5di% answ]$ n a ^w2 b /ood ) 8 eyes ca/ d[n1 q aba%$ & conf\nd$4 ,at la/1 see+ an op5+ 9 ! cr[d1 he d>t$ ?r\gh x1 ) all ! spe$ he 0 ma/] (2 nor did he /op till he rea*$ 8 c>riage1 :i* drove him directly home4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,! ,(fice ( ! ,society = ! ,diffusion ( ,useful ,k is at #ei1 ,l9coln's ,inn ,fields4 ,,london3--,,*>les ,,knight1 ,,pall-,,mall ,,ea/4 ,%opkeep]s & ,hawk]s may be suppli$ ,:olesale by ! foll[+ ,booksell]s3-- ,london1 ,,groombridge1 ,pany] ,alley1 ,pat]no/] ,r[4 ,ba?1 ,,simms4 ,birm+ham1 ,,drake4 ,bri/ol1 ,,we/ley & ,co4 ,c>lisle1 ,,?urnam2 & ,,scott4 ,d]by1 ,,wilk9s & ,,son4 ,falm\?1 ,,philip4 ,hull1 ,,/eph5son4 ,le$s1 ,,ba9es & ,,newsome4 ,l9coln1 ,,brooke & ,,sons4 ,liv]pool1 ,,willm] & ,,smi?4 ,man*e/]1 ,,rob9son2 & ,,webb & ,,simms4 ,newca/le-^u-,tyne1 ,,*>nley4 ,norwi*1 ,,j>rold & ,,son4 ,nott+ham1 ,,wright4 ,%effield1 ,,ridge4 ,dubl91 ,,wakeman4 ,ed9burgh1 ,,oliv] & ,,boyd4 ,glasg[1 ,,atk9son & ,co4 ,pr9t$ by ,,william ,,cl[es1 ,/am=d ,/reet4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,?is file uses und]scores to indicate italic text4 ,new orig9al cov] art includ$ ) ?is e,book is grant$ to ! public doma94 ,itemiz$ *anges f ! orig9al text3 p4 #abd3 ,add$ p]iod aft] abbreviation 8lbs40 9 phrase 8weigh$1 ^u an av]age1 ab\t #gjj lbs41 yield+ ab\t #djj lbs4 ( meat40 p4 #abe3 ,add$ p]iod aft] phrase 8,d\btless ! mo/ beautiful "p ( 8 body is ! head40 p4 #abf3 ,suppli$ miss+ lett]s 9 ^w 8/yle0 9 phrase 89 a natural & popul> /yle40 p4 #abf3 ,add$ p]iod aft] phrase 8! highe/ ( ! liv+ arti/s ( ,engl&40 p4 #abh3 ,remov$ clos+ d\ble quotation m>k aft] phrase 8"u ! v>i\s =ms :i* *>act]ize !m40