,,reg5]ation ,a ,,reply ,,to ,,max ,,nordau ,,) ,,introduction ,,by ,,ni*olas ,,murray ,,butl] ,pr(essor ( ,philosophy & ,education 9 ,columbia ,college 9 ! ,city ( ,new ,york ,new ,york ,g4 ,p4 ,,putnam',s ,,sons ,london3 ,,ar*ibald ,,con/able ,,co4 #ahif ,copyright1 #ahif ,,by ,g4 ,p4 ,,putnam',s ,,sons ,! ,knick]bock] ,press1 ,new ,ro*elle1 ,n4 ,y4 ,,introduction ,max ,nordau is p]haps ! mo/ d>+ toreador ( rec5t ye>s4 ,he *all5g$ ,mod]n ,civilization to mortal combat 9 ! pres5ce ( assembl$ ?\s&s4 ,_h ! cu/oms ( ! ,roman ar5a prevail$1 ! ?umbs ( ! int]e/$ spectators w\ld d\btless h be5 ext5d$ or press$ d[n 9 ab\t equal numb]s1 :5 ! huge bea/ lay mom5t>ily /unn$ by 8 bl[4 ,t ,nordau _h +5i\sly torm5t$ ! mon/] 0 app>5t2 _h he e>n$ ! "r to put an end to its exi/5ce8 ,! %rill cries ( ! excitable & easily mov$ pr$om9at$ = a mom5t1 b !y 7 soon dr[n$ by ! insi/5t dem&s ( ! sob]-m9d$ = a calm consid]ation ( ! fairness ( ! bl[s t _h be5 /ruck1 z well z ( ! p]missibility ( ! weapons t _h be5 us$4 ,yet ! conte/1 :e!r fair or unfair1 _h be5 excit+2 & x 0 n )\t its uses4 ,x /imulat$ ?\ght among ! habitually un?9k+4 ,! habit ( reflective analysis1 l lett]-writ+ & o!r accompli%m5ts t require mu* leisure1 is slipp+ away f u "u ! pressure ( our complex mod]n life4 ,! newspap]1 ) its surges ( ins5sate passion & unreason$ op9ion1 ?9ks = l>ge portions ( ! community2 & its ?9k+1 l ! amusem5ts ( ! nurs]y1 expresses itself 9 ways t appeal *iefly to ! eye & to ! e>4 ,in=mation ab\t ?+s is too (t5 mi/ak5 = k ( ?+s4 ,highly specializ$ activities on ! "o h&1 & ! task ( adju/+ our "p 9 ! /ruggle = exi/5ce to economic conditions :olly new 9 ! _w's hi/ory1 on ! o!r1 m>k (f our civilization f any t h prec$$ x4 ,! activities ( mod]n m5 are s num]\s1 s v>i$1 & s int]e/+1 t we (t5 omit to ask on :at pr9ciples !y are bas$ & :i!r !y are t5d+4 ,app>5t success has l$ u to =get sometimes t all s\nd practice has a reason beh9d x1 & reasons are seldom ask$ = or giv54 ,to say ! lea/1 !n1 x is some:at surpris+ to be /opp$ on ! /reet corn] & assur$1 ) due emphasis & ! appe>ance ( au?ority1 t n9ete5?-c5tury m5 & wom5 are absorb$ 9 int]e/s t m>k a diseas$ type ( m9d1 & are giv5 ov] to a lit]ature1 an art1 & a music t1 !mselves produc$ by madm51 are rapidly r$uc+ u all to ! mad-h\se level2 9 o!r words1 t we & our boa/$ civilization are deg5]ates4 ,!re is1 z ,i h said1 a c]ta9 use 9 ?is brutal proce$+1 = x causes u to /op & ?9k4 ,x %att]s our conceit & %akes our confid5ce4 ,if we pause only = a mom5t1 yet pause we mu/4 ,! m]e d>+ ( ! attack =ces ?is4 ,s x has come ab\t t ,nordau's ,deg5]ation1 q ap>t f its intr9sic m]its or dem]its1 has be5 widely read & mu* talk$ ( ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w4 ,x has provok$ "s ang]1 n a little amusem5t1 & a fair measure ( contempt4 ,yet 9 a c]ta9 subtle way x has set u to exam9+ ! reasons t lead mo/ ( u to d5y ! ess5tial vici\sness & abnormality ( "s ( ! mo/ sali5t & /rik+ *>act]i/ics ( contempor>y culture4 ,if ,nordau's indictm5t be class$ z pessimism1 x at lea/ has ! m]it ( novelty ( /atem5t4 ,f ,hom]'s "t to ! pres5t poets & philosoph]s h n =gott51 ev5 9 mom5ts ( highe/ exaltation1 to rem9d man t 8 life has a d>k & hopeless side4 ,our own c5tury has li/5$ to ,leop>di1 :o envi$ only ! dead1 & to ,s*op5hau]1 :o call$ man bo? ! prie/ & ! victim ( nature4 ,& yet we h n be5 altoge!r unhappy4 ,b ,nordau is no ord9>y pessimi/4 ,he does n lead u to despair ?r\gh ! by-pa?s ( metaphysical subtlety1 nor does he take advantage ( ! awful my/]y ( pa9 to p]plex & di/ract u4 ,r he drags u into ! laboratory &1 /ret*+ u on a table ( def9itions made = ! purpose1 proce$s to measure our faces & our skulls1 our tee?1 ! lobes ( our e>s1 & our palates2 we pay ! p5alty ( our individuality 9 be+ f\nd to be 8morbid deviations f an orig9al type10 & are !re=e deg5]ate4 ,next comes an exam9ation ( a select$ gr\p ( man's new] int]e/s4 ,! music ( ,wagn]1 ! dramas ( ,ibs51 ! romances ( ,zola1 ! art ( ! pre-,raphaelites1 ! my/ics1 ! symboli/s1 ! ,p>nassians--:o b a 8decad5t0 w\ld treat all ^! alike8--are pass$ 9 review & pron\nc$ to be pro(s ( ! decad5ce ( mank9d ev5 m conclusive ?an ^? bas$ ^u physical measurem5ts4 ,all ?is is done 9 ! "n ( ,sci5ce1 :i*1 rev]s+ ! proc$ure ( ,saturn1 ?us ha/5s to dev\r ! p>5t t begot x1 ,mod]n ,civilization4 ,a long *apt] might be writt5 on ! cr$ulity ( m5 ( sci5ce4 ,! hypo!ses t !y h *as$ out ( ! door complac5tly fly 9 at ! w9d[4 ,_m sci5ti/s1 fre% f app>5tly important discov]ies 9 n>r[ fields1 ne$ to be rem9d$ ( ! lesson conta9$ 9 ! leg5d ( ,/4 ,augu/9e1 :o :5 walk+ on ! %ore "o day1 absorb$ 9 m$itation1 sudd5ly p]ceiv$ a *ild t ) a %ell 0 ladl+ ! sea into a hole 9 ! s&4 8,:at are y do+1 my *ild80 ask$ ,/4 ,augu/9e4 8,i am empty+ ! ocean10 0 ! reply1 8into ?is hole40--8,t is impossible40 8,n m impossible ?an = y to empty ! univ]se into y\r intellect10 said ! *ild1 & vani%$4 ,nordau is p>ticul>ly prone to reg>d ! small a*ievem5ts ( a c]ta9 s*ool ( ali5i/s z hav+ suppli$ him ) a conclusive te/ ( all excell5ce4 ,inde$1 no "p ( 8 diatribe is m op5 to criticism ?an ! use he makes ( ,sci5ce4 ,if mod]n sci5ce is demon/rat+ any "o ?+ m cle>ly ?an ano!r1 x is t ! insights ( ! se]s ( our race z to ! highe/ human aspirations & ! deepe/ ne$s ( ! human _s1 meet n ) contradiction b ) support z k ( ! cosmos becomes m ext5sive & m accurate4 ,nordau has neglect$ to reckon ) ! pr(\nd tru? t f9ds expression 9 ! celebrat$ say+ ( ,lotze3 8,! m ,i myself h lab\r$ to prep>e ! way = acceptance ( ! me*anical view ( ,nature 9 ! region ( organic life--9 :i* region ?is view seem$ to advance m timidly ?an ! nature ( ! ?+ requir$--! m d ,i n[ feel impell$ to br+ into prom95ce ! o!r aspect :i* 0 equally ne> to my he>t dur+ all ^! endeav\rs4444 ,x is 9 su* m$iation betwe5 ! two aspects t ! true s\rce ( ! life ( sci5ce is to be f\nd2 n inde$ 9 affirm+ n[ a fragm5t ( "o view & n[ a fragm5t ( ! o!r1 b 9 %[+ h[ absolutely univ]sal is ! ext5t1 & at ! same "t h[ completely subord9ate is ! significance1 ( ! mission :i* me*anism has to fulfil 9 ! /ructure ( ! _w40 ,!re is also hidd5 f ,nordau's view t noble conception ( ! place & significance ( ,sci5ce to :i* ,tyndall gave expression 9 ! eloqu5t p]oration ( 8 ,belfa/ address m ?an tw5ty ye>s ago3 8,sci5ce itself n unfrequ5tly d]ives motive-p[] f an ultra-sci5tific s\rce4 ,"s ( its greate/ discov]ies h be5 made "u ! /imulus ( a non-sci5tific ideal4444 ,! _w embraces n only a ,newton1 b a ,%aksp]e--n only a ,boyle1 b a ,raphael--n only a ,kant1 b a ,bee?ov5--n only a ,d>w91 b a ,c>lyle4 ,n 9 ea* ( ^!1 b 9 all1 is human nature :ole4 ,!y are n oppos$1 b supplem5t>y--n mutually exclusive1 b reconcilable4 ,& if1 unsatisfi$ ) !m all1 ! human m9d1 ) ! ye>n+ ( a pilgrim = 8 di/ant home1 w /ill turn to ! ,my/]y f :i* x has em]g$1 seek+ s to fa%ion x z to give unity to ?\ght & fai?1 s long z ?is is done1 n only )\t intol]ance or bigotry ( any k9d1 b ) ! enlight5$ recognition t ultimate fixity ( conception is "h unatta9able1 & t ea* succe$+ age mu/ be held free to fa%ion ! my/]y 9 accordance ) its own ne$s--!n1 ca/+ aside all ! re/rictions ( ,mat]ialism1 ,i w\ld affirm ?is to be a field = ! noble/ ex]cise ( :at1 9 contra/ ) ! kn[+ faculties1 may be call$ ! creative faculties ( man40 ,:y1 !n1 %\ld n lit]ature & art & music ent] & occupy ! v field t ! apo/les ( ,sci5ce assign to !m1 )\t be+ expos$ to ! ali5i/s' sne]s = _! symbolism & _! my/icism8 ,! tru? is t ,nordau is ! slave ( "o idea1 & t ! logical outcome ( 8 def9ition & conception ( abnormality4 ,ribot describ$ su* a case p]fectly :5 he said t 8no?+ is m common or bett] kn[n ?an ! mom5t>y appropriation ( ! p]sonality by "s int5se & fix$ idea4 ,z long z ?is idea occupies consci\sness1 we may say )\t exagg]ation t x con/itutes ! individual40 ,deg5]ation con/itutes ,nordau4 ,he is himself an abnormality & a pa?ological type4 ,e l>ge hospital = ! insane kn[s 8 repres5tative--! "o sane man 9 a _w ( lunatics4 ,to p]ceive ! true direction & to e/imate ! relative =ce ( a l>ge human movem5t requires a long int]val ( "t4 ,caught 9 an eddy ( ! mom5t1 we may seem to be drift+ backw>d1 :5 9 reality to ! spectator on ! %ore we are be+ swept onw>d ) great rapidity4 ,! same _w ( exp]i5ce seem$ to ,p>m5ides to exclude by its v nature all motion1 & to ,h]aclitus to d]ive its only reality f its p]petual *ange4 ,x is ! /&>d & ! po9t ( view t control su* judgm5ts1 & we are entitl$ to ask ( any /&>d or po9t ( view1 ,quid juris8 ,nordau1 h[ev]1 has n ask$ himself t "q4 ,seiz+ ^u "s p>tially complet$ an?ropological inve/igations1 ) _! half-speculative inf]5ces1 he has fa%ion$ = himself a y>d-/ick ) :i* to measure civilization4 ,ari/otle long ago po9t$ out t ! true diff]5ce betwe5 ! poet & ! hi/orian is to be f\nd 9 ! fact t ! =m] relates :at may happ51 ! latt] :at has happ5$4 ,"o might simil>ly di/+ui% ! man ( sci5ce1 :o applies :at has be5 prov$1 f ! *>latan1 :o seeks to apply :at has n be5 prov$4 ,z a result ( diss5t+ f ,nordau's premises1 me?od1 & conclusions1 x is by no means necess>y to be =c$ to def5d all ! phases ( mod]n civilization t he attacks4 ,"s ( !m1 no d\bt1 are un:olesome1 b = reasons o!r ?an ^? :i* ?is critic adduces4 ,_m ( !m are m]e fleet+ ph5om5a1 conf9$ )9 ! n>r[e/ limits1 & ! _w at l>ge fir/ he>d ( !m f ,nordau's pages4 ,x is only a lack ( hum\r t c elevate su* traits & t5d5cies into ! position ( p[]ful =ces 9 human culture1 su* z ,platonism1 ,humanism1 or ,*ri/ianity4 ,! old ,sophi/ 0 "r :5 he comm5d$ hum\r z ! te/ ( gravity4 ,! au?or ( ,reg5]ation is successful 9 turn+ ! flank ( ,nordau's attack+ =ces at m po9ts ?an "o4 ,he is able at times1 )\t ov]-ex]tion1 to convict ,nordau n only ( lack ( k1 b ( :at is f> worse--k ( ?+s t are n true4 ,8 view ( life is m sane & bett]-balanc$ ?an t ( ,nordau1 despite an anti-,teutonic t5d5cy t p]haps p>takes ( ! nature ( an argum5t ad hom9em4 ,! judgm5t ( ! av]age man :o kn[s ! hi/ory ( ! pa/ two c5turies w su/a9 him 9 hold+ t 8!re are a ho/ ( indications 9 all civiliz$ c\ntries po9t+ to an increase 9 intellectual p[]1 moral /r5g?1 & /hetic ref9em5t40 ,^? to :om ,l9coln appli$ ! affectionate designation ( 8! pla9 p0 h advanc$ & are advanc+ by trem5d\s /rides 9 k & ref9em5t4 ,!y1 & n a gr\p or two ( m5 & wom5 9 ea* ( ! capitals ( ,europe1 are ! real index to ! deg5]acy1 or ! contr>y1 ( mod]n life4 ,if democracy is to e/abli% itself m widely & m effici5tly z a =m ( gov]nm5t1 x mu/ re/ ^u ! common s5se ( ! pla9 p4 ,s f> f be+ influ5c$ by ! t5d5cies t ,nordau exploits ) s mu* vig\r1 x is n improbable t ev5 ! names ( ! repres5tatives ( mo/ ( ^? t5d5cies are unkn[n to !m4 ,progress 9 education1 9 philan?ropy1 9 comm]ce & indu/ry1 & 9 ! com=ts ( life1 has develop$ a s]i\sness & a s5se ( responsibility t h br\ght into _m an ,engli% & ,am]ican face ! l9es t di/+ui%$ ! c\nt5ance ( ! typical ,s5ator ( ,rome4 ,! high] altruism ( our "t believes t life is n only wor? liv+1 b wor? work+ =4 ,long ago ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,sp5c] rem>k$ t ! curr5t conception ( progress is vague1 & t x is 9 a great measure errone\s4 ,x takes 91 he said1 n s mu* ! reality ( progress z its accompanim5ts--n s mu* ! sub/ance z ! %ad[4 ,nordau1 ) all ( ! sup]ficiality1 ! abs5ce ( any s5se ( proportion1 & ! lack ( hum\r t s (t5 m>k ! extreme speciali/1 has h>dly come 9 sight ( ev5 ! %ad[4 ,,ni*olas ,,murray ,,butl]4 ,columbia ,college1 ,janu>y1 #ahif4 ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i ,,page ,:o is ! ,critic8 #a ,,*apt] ,,ii ,dusk or ,dawn6 #bg ,,*apt] ,,iii ,my/icism & ! ,unkn[able #dd ,,*apt] ,,iv ,! ,bankruptcy ( ,sci5ce #gc ,,*apt] ,v ,symbolism & ,logic #id ,,*apt] ,,vi ,! ,light ( ,russia #ajh ,,*apt] ,,vii ,! ,real ,ibs5 #acb ,,*apt] ,,viii ,ri*>d ,wagn] #ahc ,,*apt] ,,ix ,! ,religion ( ,self #bcj ,,*apt] ,x ,an ,e?ical ,inquisition #bda ,,*apt] ,,xi ,vigor\s ,affirmations #beh ,,*apt] ,,xii ,reg5]ation #bij ,,reg5]ation ,,*apt] ,i ,,:o ,,is ,,! ,,critic8 ,voltaire said t if all ! cele/ial bodies are inhabit$1 our e>? mu/ be ! mad-h\se ( ! univ]se4 ,to u :o "k ! era ( ! great cynic only z record$ by ! hi/ory ( ,dryasdu/s1 & ! flippant memoirs & autobiographies ( 8 contempor>ies1 8 bit+ s>casm _c be consid]$ undes]v$4 ,b1 ) reg>d to our own times1 mo/ ( u w\ld probably hesitate to br& our pres5t /ate ( culture1 our mod]n civilization1 z a fool's p>adise4 ,x is a truism t an hi/orical epo* c only be correctly /udi$ at a di/ance 9 "t1 z ! outl9es ( a m\nta9 c only be /udi$ at a di/ance 9 space4 ,! actor 9 a piece1 ?\gh intimately acqua9t$ ) 8 own "p & ! accessories ) :i* he comes 9 contact1 _c =m a j idea ( ! impression :i* ! play1 ) its m or less successful r5d]+1 its sc5]y1 & o!r spectacul> effects1 produces on ! m9d ( ! av]age spectator4 ,a sup] :o is ignorant ( /age managem5t & ( ! precise results ! manag] aims at might deem _m ?+s go+ on beh9d ! /age bo? fooli% & ridicul\s4 ,to him ! frantic ef=ts ( "s actor1 or sc5e-%ift]1 to produce "s ord9>y effect might well appe> z lunacy4 ,! judgm5t we =m conc]n+ ! "t we live 9 runs a great risk ( be+ biass$ by ! n>r[ness ( ! vi/a we c comm&4 ,! int]dep5d5ce ( causes simultane\sly at "w1 ! co-op]ation ( impulses active at a great di/ance1 ! peculi>ities ( circum/ances surr\nd+ ea* lead+ ph5om5on1 ! real int5tions ( lead+ *>act]s1 secret motives 9 gr\ps & p>ties--all ?is repres5ts s _m seal$ books to ! contempor>y to be gradually op5$ only by future hi/orians4 ,!re are no d\bt _m facilities ready to h& = ! man :o 9 mod]n times desires to /udy 8 own epo*1 :i* 7 n available 9 ! pa/4 ,di/ances are practically suppress$1 ! :ole ( civiliz$ humanity has be5 plac$ 9 intimate connection1 a highly develop$ ,press records daily ev5ts ev]y:]e 9 a m9ute fa%ion1 to ! mak+ ( books !re is no end1 & 9 e direction an elaborate me*anism is e/abli%$ = ! obta9+ ( rapid & precise in=mation4 ,9 fact1 ! ,kamm]gelehrte1 :o1 l ,kant1 w\ld /udy ! _w-ph5om5on )\t leav+ 8 native t[n1 w\ld 9 our days /& a bett] *ance ( obta9+ complet] & exact] in=mation ?an any philosoph] be=e him4 ,b1 despite ! quasi-ubiquit\sness ! mod]n philosoph] enjoys1 he w\ld indulge 9 self-deception 7 he tempt$ to believe t he _h secur$ all ! data requisite to judge ! contempor>ies ( 8 race z !y act1 live1 feel1 & ?9k dur+ ! clos+ ye>s ( ?is c5tury4 ,=1 aga9/ ! easy access to in=mation1 mu/ be plac$ ! mass ( intricate problems t arise ) e /ep ( progress1 ! multitude ( ideas :i* /rive = realization1 ! bewild]m5t :i* ensues on crumbl+ sy/ems & religions1 new discov]ies1 new !ories1 new & complicat$ associations ( ideas1 new & hazy aspirations1 sympa?ies1 & ye>n+s--= all ( :i* words _c be co9$ fa/ en\gh4 ,e day we witness political1 social1 economic1 & psy*ological ph5om5a1 ! explanation ( :i* w\ld dem& n only an enorm\s am\nt ( k1 b reason+ p[]s & a fre$om f bias seldom bl5d$ 9 "o human m9d4 ,facts1 circum/ances1 !ories1 human actions1 & human ideas1 *ange & int]m+le s con/antly & s rapidly z to produce bewild]m5t capable ( mislead+ any philosoph] :o attempts to gauge !m ) ! in/rum5ts ( ! pa/ & 9 con=mity ) ! doctr9es ( ! s*ool to :i* he belongs4 ,:at r5d]s x /ill m difficult to appraise any epo*1 & especially ! pres5t "o1 is ! intimate int]dep5d5ce ( all ! ph5om5a to be obs]v$4 ,! idiosyncrasies ( a sov]eign1 or ( a m9i/]1 influ5ce legislation1 legislation influ5ces public in/itutions1 public in/itutions influ5ce ! upp] classes1 & ! upp] classes influ5ce ! masses4 ,b legislation1 in/itutions1 ! upp] classes1 & ! p are influ5c$ f a great numb] ( o!r directions1 :ile !y aga9 influ5ce ! sov]eign & ! m9i/]4 ,?us x w\ld be impossible to attribute ) accuracy a giv5 numb] ( effects to special causes3 = e cause is ! effect ( ano!r cause1 & e effect produces o!r effects4 ,= in/ance1 art & lit]ature may /rongly influ5ce m5 9 p[] z well z ! masses1 :ile no "o w d5y t m5 9 p[]1 z well z ! political & social condition ( ! masses1 ex]cise a /rong influ5ce on art & lit]ature4 ,& !n1 on top ( x all1--z if worse to conf\nd ! confusion ( ! man ) a sy/em1 trivial incid5ts int]v5e & br+ ab\t a new s]ies ( causes & effects evid5tly de/9$ to op]ate z long z humanity la/s4 ,s int]dep5d5t are ! actors 9 ! human drama1 s complete is ! intricate & s5sitive me*anism ( causes & effects1 & s ov]*>g$ ) en]gy are ! social dynamos1 t any fool1 any *ild1 any trivial accid5t1 may move "o ( ! c\ntless po9ts arrang$ by circum/ances1 & ?us hurl ! eng9e ( ev5ts 9 new & dang]\s directions4 ,^! & _m o!r difficulties enc\nt]$ by ! /ud5t ( 8 own "t are l>gely responsible = 8 op9ions1 (t5 sav\r+ z mu* ( 8 idiosyncrasy1 8 pr(essional & national prejudices z ( an indep5d5t inquiry4 ,9 ord] to *oose betwe5 ! maze ( highways & by-ways1 9 ord] to judge :e!r he mov$ =w>ds1 backw>ds1 or 9 a circle1 he gropes = "s k9d ( a compass & naturally clut*es at t :i* 8 idiosyncrasy pr(f]s4 ,:5 we !re=e meet ) an apprais] ( 8 own epo*1 x behooves u to be> 9 m9d ! /&po9t f :i* he has contemplat$ ! _w-ph5om5on1 & ) :at bias & prejudice 8 views h be5 col\r$4 ,! old ,greek /ory ( ! s&al-mak] :o became prejudic$ aga9/ a "w ( art because ! arti/ _h made a mi/ake 9 ! arrangem5t ( ! s&al-/r+s1 po9ts its moral4 ,! prejudices aris+ f trade1 p]sonal int]e/s1 & _m o!r palpable s\rces are n difficult to trace & to evade1 b :]e is ! man ^: views h n be5 influ5c$ by 8 nationality1 8 religion1 8 fav\rite sci5ce or art1 8 love1 8 hatr$1 or 8 ambition8 ,x is to su* influ5ces1 (t5 consid]$ by ! influ5c$ z s _m advantages & seldom suffici5tly notic$ by 8 critics1 t we (t5 owe ! app>5t pr(undity & exhau/iv5ess ( an appreciation :i* 9 reality is "o-sid$4 ,education1 &1 /ill m1 an int5se /udy ( "o special bran* ( k1 ri* 9 important & /rik+ results1 naturally t5d to /r5g!n ! /ud5t's fai? & 8 belief 9 ! capabilities ( 8 fav\rite sci5ce4 ,! bra9-cells1 influ5c$ by ! w1 & habitually becom+ /imulat$ by pres5tations--emanat+ f ! subject on :i* ! /ud5t has conc5trat$ 8 att5tion--adapt !mselves gradually to ! p]ception ( su* pres5tations1 & by re-act+ on o!r cells r5d] ! :ole organism dispos$ to seek su* pres5tations4 ,9 pla9 language1 ! speciali/ 9 "o sci5ce has a great aptitude = discov]+ su* causes & su* effects z 8 fav\rite sci5ce has be/ elucidat$1 :ile he is tempt$ to ov]look o!r causes & o!r effects :i* may be ( equal or great] importance4 ,! speciali/ atta9s to a ma/]y ( 8 own subject1 & (t5 acquires a /rong bias reg>d+ o!r subjects1 because he pursues 8 inquiries some:at aft] ! same fa%ion z ! dog foll[s ! sc5t ( ! game4 ,by tra9+1 ! dog is famili> ) ! smell ( ! animal pursu$1 &1 b5t on foll[+ ! trail1 he pays no att5tion to any o!r sc5ts or smells t he enc\nt]s 9 8 c\rse4 ,9 ! same way ! speciali/ rapidly p]ceives & m9utely /udies any ph5om5a1 h[ev] slight1 ) :i* 8 fav\rite sci5ce has r5d]$ him famili>1 :ile he is apt to disreg>d ph5om5a dem&+ fre% /udies & ?reat5+ to be inexplicable by inve/igation conf9$ to ! l9es :i* he pref]s to foll[4 ,?us1 if a law-/ud5t 7 to write a treatise on our epo*1 he w\ld endeav\r to %[ t ! jurisprud5ce1 ! law1 & ! c\rts--9 fact1 ! :ole legal me*anism--is ! mo/ important feature 9 our civilization1 & t on :i* progress or retrogression mo/ dep5ds4 ,z rem$ies = our evils1 he w\ld propose simpl] or m complicat$ =ms ( proc$ure1 m or less enactm5ts1 accord+ to 8 own idiosyncrasies4 ,a milit>y man w\ld consid] a developm5t on milit>y l9es z true progress4 ,he w\ld ye>n to draft ! :ole nation into ! army6 ,he w\ld fav\r univ]sal conscription1 z ,"l ,wolseley does1 & might1 l ,c\nt ,moltke1 look ^u w> z a heal?y brac+1 an epuration1 ( a race1 & z an indisp5sable corrective to ov]-population4 ,he w\ld cite ! expansion ( ! *e/ 9 ,g]many z a pro( ( ! p[] ( milit>y tra9+ to fur!r physical developm5t1 & w\ld look ^u /rict milit>y discipl9e z ! means ( e/abli%+ moral ord] 9 a c\ntry4 ,a !ologian w\ld po9t to ! imm5se influ5ce ex]cis$ by ,*ri/ianity ^u humanity1 & w\ld insi/ ^u ! religi\s aspect ( e "q1 &1 l ,mr4 ,drummond1 w\ld see 9 e new discov]y a confirmation ( 8 peculi> dogmas4 ,8 rem$y w\ld be m ritualism1 or m lib]al doctr9es1 or m emotion 9 religion1 accord+ to 8 ,high ,*ur*1 ,broad ,*ur*1 or ,l[ ,*ur* cre$4 ,philosophical religioni/s1 l ,mr4 ,b5jam9 ,kidd & o!rs :o p9 _! fai? to ! developm5t ( ! altrui/ic feel+ 9 human be+s1 w\ld endeav\r to reconcile all ph5om5a "u _! obs]vation ) _! !ory ( social evolution4 ,if !re=e we wi% to =m a correct judgm5t ( our own "t & our own contempor>ies1 we mu/ n all[ ourselves to be guid$ exclusively by a sci5ti/ ( "o specialty4 ,we ought to be all ! m on our gu>d1 z ! great erudition & ! pr(\nd /udy :i* ea* mod]n speciali/ has br\ght to be> on 8 subject gives to 8 !ories a /rik+ plausibility1 a sav\r ( exact sci5ce to su* an ext5t z to sway our op9ions 9 fav\r ( ! late/ treatise we h read4 ,politicians1 sociologi/s1 economi/s1 biologi/s1 !ologians1 & ! /hetes h _h _! say & h ea* 9 _! turn ex]cis$ a p]iodical spell ov] ! public m9d4 ,x is n[ ! turn ( ! ali5i/s4 ,dr4 ,max ,nordau has by 8 book entitl$ ,deg5]ation produc$ no small s5sation ?r\gh\t ! _w1 & n lea/ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,?\gh 8 "w may n h made ! /ir ( a s5sational novel read by ! millions1 !re c be little d\bt t x has impos$ itself on e educat$ m9d 9 ! c\ntry4 ,x is no exagg]ation to say t1 l a %>p trumpet-bla/1 x has awak5$ ! educat$ classes f ! le?>gy consequ5t ^u ! d9 ( cla%+ op9ions & contradictory sy/ems4 ,?is volume has once m r\s$ u to ! fact t we1 z individuals1 z a nation1 z a race1 are travell+ at comet-spe$ t[>ds a goal ( :i* we h no inkl+4 ,x /]nly sugge/s t we are on ! wrong road & t a fate ( a mo/ horrible description is rapidly befall+ u--an affliction 9 mo/ p's view worse ?an annihilation4 ,madness is %[n to be insidi\sly invad+ our m9ds1 & by its contagi\s nature ?reat5+ to prove ,voltaire's bit+ s>casm a /]n prophecy4 ,x is no wond] t 8 "w has become z x 7 a nightm>e to millions ( m9ds4 ,if its diagnosis & its conclusions are z irrefutable z to mo/ p !y appe> to be1 we inde$ live 9 a fool's p>adise3 our lead]s1 our au?orities1 our m5 ( g5ius1 are n ! beacons we h held !m to be1 b w-o'-!-wisps lur+ u into ! bottomless quagmires ( lunacy2 ! progression we vaunt$ is a slipp]y plane slid+ u back to be/iality2 our means = rais+ ! masses are s _m sla%es at ! bonds ( moral ord] & dec5cy1 calculat$ to unloose ! bruti% ,loke ( mod]n democracy2 unbridl$ animal appetites ?reat5 to take ! place ( law & religion2 all social ord] is be+ und]m9$2 & ! vile/ in/9cts press = gratification 9 lu/1 rap9e1 & murd]4 ,) all ! solemnity1 moral p]suasiv5ess1 & sci5tific au?ority ( a m$ical practition]1 ,max ,nordau tells u t a mortal disease is invad+ our race1 & t ) ! end ( ! c5tury ! 8dusk0 ( humanity beg9s4 ,be=e we accept ! views ( ,max ,nordau1 be=e we h rec\rse to ! dra/ic rem$ies he seems to recomm5d1 x is "r t we %\ld subject 8 !ories to ! close/ inve/igation4 ,if 8 "w 7 "o ( exact sci5ce1 !re w\ld be no necessity to ref] to ! p]sonality ( ! au?or1 to 8 peculi> po9t ( view1 & to 8 pr$ilections4 ,b1 z 8 "w p>takes l>gely ( ! nature ( special plead+1 z 8 me?ods ( reason+ are ^? ( ! en?usia/ic speciali/1 & z 8 po/ulates are /rongly col\r$ by racial1 national1 & pr(essional bias1 ! m we "k ( him ! m easily %all we foll[ him 9 8 progress on ! highways ( logic & 9 8 deviations f !m4 ,human language is n s p]fect z to all[ u to disp5se ) ! additional light on express$ ideas :i* may be d]iv$ f "o's k ( ! speak] :o gives utt]ance to !m4 ,to /udy ! au?or z well z 8 "w is all ! m p]missible1 z ?is volume is n int5d$ z a complete refutation ( ,max ,nordau's conclusions1 b r aims at sep>at+ ! dross f ! gold & at giv+ him1 z well z 8 "w1 _! "r place & _! true value z tell+ factors 9 ! developm5t ( our race4 ,inde$1 ?is is exactly ! me?od adopt$ by ,max ,nordau 9 8 /udy1 n to say dissection1 ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,x mu/ be cle>ly und]/ood h[ev] t !re is no int5tion ( go+ to ! l5g? to :i* ,max ,nordau has gone 9 speak+ ( m5 ( ! day--an abuse ( lit]ature :i* recalls ! lit]>y squabbles ( pa/ g5]ations4 ,! gross vitup]ation & ! co>se calumny he levels aga9/ ^? he d5\nces w c]ta9ly n enhance 8 popul>ity or inspire confid5ce 9 8 me?ods 9 ,engl&4 ,9 fact1 8 frequ5t indulg5ce 9 p]sonalities w\ld h prejudic$ 8 "w enorm\sly 7 x n = ! ov]:elm+ te/imony x (f]s ( ! fact t its au?or's m9d is conspicu\sly devoid ( ! s5se ( ! ridicul\s4 ,_h x n be5 = ?is peculi> m5tal defect1 8 treatm5t ( 8 oppon5ts c\ld n h fail$ to rem9d him ( ! disput+ doctors 9 ,molire's ,malade ,imag9aire4 ,"h we h to d n ) ! man1 b ) ! au?or1--n ) 8 relations to 8 private surr\nd+s1 b ) 8 relation to ! pres5tations he receives1 ! ideas he elaborates1 & ! conclusions he proclaims4 ,9 ,deg5]ation ,max ,nordau evid5tly /rives to take a cosmopolitan /&po9t4 ,only 9 ?ree or f\r places does he speak ( ,g]many z 8 own c\ntry1 :ile he displays a rem>kable erudition 9 =eign lit]ature1 b only a sup]ficial k ( =eign circum/ances4 ,unconsci\sly h[ev] he con/antly betrays 8 ,g]man nationality4 ,to say t he is a typical ,g]man involves by no means any slur ^u 8 views1 has no?+ to d ) ! fact t ! ,g]mans are at ?is mom5t--= reasons entirely indep5d5t ( ,g]man wor?--r unpopul> 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,x is 8 book t cle>ly ann\nces him z a ,g]man1 j z ! books ( ,drummond & ,b5jam9 ,kidd ann\nce !m to be ,engli%4 ,9 o!r words1 8 me?ods1 8 views1 8 pr$ispositions1 8 /&>ds1 8 ideals1 are ?or\ghly ,g]man4 ,few c\ntries h s /rong a p[] ( inspir+ love = _! in/itutions & _! *>act]i/ics z ,g]many4 ,n only is ! ,g]man spell ov] ^? :o are born & br$ 9 ! c\ntry1 b =eign]s :o reside !re any l5g? ( "t g5]ally become ?or\ghly ,g]maniz$4 ,ev5 ,engli% p1 ^: *>act]i/ic x is to create a little ,engl& ar\nd !m :]ev] !y g1 are rem>kably susceptible to ,g]man influ5ce :5 liv+ 9 ! c\ntry4 ,despite ! prop5sity ( _m ,g]mans1 compla9$ ( by ,max ,nordau 9 8 book1 to imitate ,fr5* art & lit]ature1 ! ,g]man p h /rongly pron\nc$ *>act]i/ics1 op9ions1 feel+s1 & views4 ,we1 "h 9 ,engl&1 h ample opportunity ( obs]v+ ! t5acity ( ! ,g]man bias4 ,we sometimes meet ) ,g]mans :o h conqu]$ _! native prop5sities & ?or\ghly assimilat$ !mselves ) ! ,engli% nation4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 _m ,g]mans1 :5 settl$ among u1 cont9ue to look on ev]y?+ ?r\gh ,g]man spectacles1 & utt]ly fail to grasp1 or ev5 sup]ficially to und]/&1 ! ,engli% _s4 ,?is ref]s1 ( c\rse1 only to ^? :o are actually born 9 ,g]many4 ,! second g5]ation is inv>iably m ,engli% ?an ! ,engli%4 ,we (t5 meet ) ,teutons :o h come "y to ,engl&1 ga9$ a position "h1 m>ri$ ,engli% wives1 br\ght up a l>ge family ( ,engli% *ildr51 & :o yet rema9 z ,g]man z any ,spiesbrg] 9 ,b]l94 ,!y d n appe> s to ! casual obs]v]4 ,_! bus9ess relations1 _! acqua9tances1 _! wives1 & _! *ildr51 be+ all ,engli%1 expect !m to be ,engli%4 ,!y !re=e assume an ,engli% outw>d g>b1 b z soon z circum/ances all[ !m to drop _! ,engli% "* ! ,g]man *>act]i/ics ( ^! 8tame ,engli%m50 come out z /rong z ev]4 ,^! facts are elicit$ 9 no critical _s1 b simply z pro(s ( ! t5acity ( ! ,g]man bias4 ,! practical result ( ?is bias is an op5 or secret contempt = ,engli% views1 a di/ru/ 9 ,engli% in/itutions1 a want ( sympa?y ) ! ,engli% race1 & d\bts ab\t ! future ( ! ,briti% ,empire4 ,if we wi% ,max ,nordau's nationality to ?r[ light on ! work+ ( 8 m9d1 we mu/ realize :at are ! mo/ ess5tial traits ( ! av]age ,g]man4 ,n yet completely fre$ f feudal in/itutions1 x is natural t ! ,g]man p %\ld associate moral & political ord]1 good adm9i/ration1 & p]sonal protection1 ) feudal in/itutions4 ,h5ce an imm5se respect = ^? 9 au?ority & a contempt = ! masses1 ev5 on ! "p ( ! masses4 ,democratic gov]nm5t & individual lib]ty inspire ! ,g]man ) great di/ru/1 because he consid]s t ! introduction into ,g]many ( su* features w\ld mean a social upheaval 9 :i* ! meagre advantages :i* n[ ea* individual enjoys might be lo/4 ,z 9 ,g]many all initiative belongs to ! au?orities1 ! p h become accu/om$ to b5d to sup]iors1 & :]e an ,engli%man w\ld attempt to e/abli% a ,free ,ord]1 ! ,g]mans c conceive n\ght b discipl9e4 ,a great numb] ( enlight5$ ,g]mans submit tacitly to all k9ds ( au?orities because !y are morally conv9c$ t ?is is be/ = !mselves & _! c\ntry2 b a l>ge "p ( ! masses1 hav+ always f\nd t ! au?orities ga9 _! ends by ! use ( police & milit>y =ce1 submit only because !y are oblig$4 ,h5ce a deep-root$ feel+ ( discont5t 9 a nation con/antly compell$ to d ! bidd+ ( o!rs4 ,?is discont5t has eng5d]$ a hatr$ aga9/ ! upp] classes simil> to t :i* 9 ,france pav$ ! way = ! fir/ ,revolution4 ,! fe> ( ! outbreak ( ?is hatr$ gives1 9 ! eyes ( ! ,g]man middle-class1 an extra halo to au?ority4 ,! love ( foll[+ au?orities1 in/ead ( /&+ alone1 is 9 ,g]many n conf9$ to ! doma9 ( politics4 ,:ile ,engli%m51 d[n to ! wage-e>n+ lab\r]1 h1 or believe !y h1 _! own op9ions ab\t politics1 adm9i/ration1 religion1 social affairs1 & ev5 sci5tific problems1 ! ,g]mans h an accept$ au?ority 9 ea* ( ^! bran*es4 ,7 we to "q1 say1 a hundr$ ,g]mans 9 a ,bi]halle1 or any o!r public place1 z to _! op9ions on ! above-nam$ subjects1 ! replies w\ld be simply an enum]ation ( _! au?orities 9 ea* bran* ( k4 ,?\gh ?is *>act]i/ic is a mis=tune to ,g]many1 to ! ,g]mans x sav\rs ( a qua9t reasonabl5ess4 ,a ,g]man ,sociali/1 ask$ :y he bl9dly accept$ ,liebkne*t's views1 repli$3 8,i %\ld be bo? silly & conceit$ if ,i1 a scantily educat$ man1 ) no leisure & means = /udy1 c\ld believe myself capable ( =m+ a bett] op9ion ?an ,h]r ,liebkne*t1 :o has br\ght a rem>kable m9d & great k to be> on political que/ions40 ,?is reason$ self-depreciation1 ?is bl9d fai? 9 au?orities1 acc\nts = mu* 9 ,g]many :i* w\ld be impossible 9 ,engl&4 ,! way1 = example1 9 :i* ! y\?s ( ! c\ntry are =c$ into ! ranks ( ! army aga9/ _! w & incl9ation w\ld be out ( ! "q ) u4 ,"h1 ! great majority ( "y m5 w\ld simply refuse1 & to co]ce !m by milit>y executions w\ld involve a :olesale slaught] aga9/ :i* ! :ole nation w\ld revolt4 ,!re h be5 "y m5 9 ,g]many :o1 on pr9ciple1 h resi/$ ! compulsory s]vice1 b brutal puni%m5t has quickly dissuad$ ^? ( _! comrades :o secretly admir$ !m f foll[+ _! example4 ,no?+ c\ld be m unju/ to ! ,g]man p ?an to attribute to c[>dice ?is lamb-l submission4 ,g]man y\?s are z brave z ^? ( any o!r nation1 & :at to u ,engli% might appe> a want ( bo? moral & physical c\rage is simply ! p[]ful influ5ce ( ! ,g]man bias4 ,en\gh has be5 said to %[ t ,g]man education & ,g]man surr\nd+s t5d to fo/] 9 ! human m9d v5]ation = au?ority & ari/ocracy1 contempt = ! plebeian1 di/ru/ ( lib]ty1 a firm belief 9 ! unqu5*able p[] ( man's l[e/ in/9cts1 a n]v\s dem& = au?oritative repression ( human passions1 cont5tm5t ) a prosaic exi/5ce1 small res\rces1 & poor prospects4 ,x is natural t a nation ^: m9d is m\ld$ 9 su* a =m %\ld despair ( ! practical realization ( its ideals2 t ! aspirations ( ! ,g]man race = lib]ty1 enjoym5t1 & romance %\ld seek an outlet 9 ! realms ( ! imag9ation2 & t ! ,g]mans %\ld be a s5tim5tal race4 ,9 ?is !y diff] diametrically f our nation4 ,! "y ,g]man1 :5 8 humdrum "w-day is ov]1 w plunge into books ( poetry1 romance1 & adv5ture4 ,he w wor%ip & eag]ly foll[ 8 pet h]oes1 b to emulate !m 9 practical life1 z a rule1 does n occur to him4 ,8 romantic admiration ( female beauty1 & 8 s5tim5t ( love1 h no?+ to d ) 8 m>riage4 ,he po/pones1 z a rule1 ! tak+ to himself a wife until he is fairly successful 9 life1 :5 pure romantic love has ceas$ to ex]cise any spell ov] him1 & he expects t 8 m>riage %\ld improve 8 social position & procure him a circle ( desirable fri5ds4 ,8 poetical notions ( love d n int]f]e ) ! *oice ( a wife4 ,:at he looks = is a "y woman ) practical qualities1 likely to be a useful ,hausfrau1 & :5 he has f\nd h]1 he loses no "t 9 suppress+ all h] poetical notions & soon r$uces h] to a submissive drudge4 ,no suspicion ( inconsi/5cy ent]s ! m9d ( an av]age ,g]man :5 he reads or writes romances ( love & *ivalry 9 :i* ! h]o %[s ! mo/ ref9$ c\rtesy1 commits de$s ( self-abnegation & d>+ 9 hon\r ( 8 lady-love1 & ex]cises ! utmo/ tact 9 %ield+ h] f e h>% & unpleasant impression1 & at ! same "t treats 8 wife z "o devoid ( all claims ^u 8 consid]ation4 ,he w exact f h] su* small m5ial s]vices z ! slave p]=ms = 8 ma/]4 ,he w expect h] to "w con/antly = him1 ! family1 & ! h\se4 ,he w n all[ h] en\gh "t or money = h] toilet1 = pleasure1 = book1 & social int]c\rse4 ,he w n /ir to save h] tr\ble or fatigue4 ,he w come to ! table 9 dress+-g[n & slipp]s1 & coolly look = special di%es = himself1 :ile 8 wife & *ildr5 h to cont5t !mselves ) *eap g>bage4 ,g]mans ( ! middle-class :o come to ,engl& frequ5tly express _! amazem5t at ! way 9 :i* ,engli% husb&s con/antly pay att5tion to _! wives4 ,!y call x undignifi$ = ! breadw9n] & ma/] ( ! h\se1 on return f a day ( pr(essional "w1 to 8dance att5dance0 on 8 wife1 ^: duty x is to s]ve h] husb&4 ,! ,g]man1 prior to m>riage1 all[s 8 poetical notions to be di/urb$ z little by 8 sexual emotions z by 8 m>riage plans4 ,9 a me?odical & bus9ess-l way he gratifies ! =m] 9 police-sup]vis$ e/abli%m5ts1 & :at he looks ^u z 8con/itutional sprees0 are nev] all[$ to int]f]e ) ! c\rse ( 8 affairs4 ,aft] a night ( debau* he w turn up 9 8 /udio1 8 (fice1 or 8 home1 smil+ & happy z if no?+ _h happ5$4 ,we record ^! obs]vations ) no desire to criticise or to und]rate ! ,g]man "*4 ,nor d we wi% to ins9uate t hypocrisy & pr(ligacy are non-exi/5t 9 ,engl&4 ,we simply wi% to %[ t ! developm5t ( ! ,g]man race has induc$ !m to conceive ideals entirely unrealizable1 & to dream ( aims s f> (f 9 "t z to r5d] !m unatta9able4 ,x w be evid5t to all :o h read ,deg5]ation t ,max ,nordau is "u ! influ5ce ( a /rong ,g]man bias4 ,z we proce$1 we %all h occasion to po9t out h[ 9 _m in/ances ?is bias has w>p$ 8 p]ceptions1 8 reason+1 & 8 conclusions4 ,f *>act]i/ics reveal$ 9 8 "w1 ! obs]vant read] w1 no d\bt1 conclude t ,max ,nordau belongs to ! ,jewi% race4 ,! view he takes ( ! disgraceful ,jew-bait+ t5d5cies n[ prevail+ 9 ,g]many is bas$ on exactly ! same mi/akes committ$ by ! ,jews !mselves1 z we %all h an opportunity ( v]ify+ lat] on4 ,he is evid5tly a free-?9k+ ,jew1 a type :i* we meet ) ev]y:]e1 & aga9/ :i* z few objections c be rais$ z aga9/ any o!r type ( man4 ,! free-?9k+ ,jew is g5]ally clev]1 well-in/ruct$1 moral1 & *e]ful4 ,8 good qualities h[ev] d n prev5t him f hav+ 8 peculi> *>act]i/ics1 :i* naturally influ5ce 8 p]ceptions & 8 feel+s4 ,he has g5]ally a cut-&-dri$ life-philosophy bas$ on sci5ce & common-s5se z well z on ,jewi% au?orities4 ,he di/ru/s democracy1 especially ,*ri/ian democracy1 & feels nev] q safe except "u laws & in/itutions :i* all[ him to assume su* asc5dancy z 8 m5tal qualifications c secure = him1 & ^? :o ?9k ) him4 ,he does n seek = prim>y causes1 & sets up no spiritual ideals4 ,?\gh he may n be religi\s1 he has yet reta9$ some?+ ( ! mono!i/ cre$1 ! pr$ilection = worldly affairs1 & ! habit ( look+ =w>d to a future life r 9 8 desc5dants ?an 9 a heav5--a view :i* always *>act]iz$ 8 race4 ,8 philosophy is no?+ if n practical4 ,8 aims are imm$iate1 &1 z a rule1 he eag]ly embraces all ! tea*+s ( ! mat]iali/ sci5ti/s4 ,max ,nordau is a mod]n sci5ti/4 ,he is n a pione] 9 sci5ce1 b a mo/ p]sev]+ & plodd+ /ud5t ( ! works ( o!rs4 ,he belongs to t class ( savants :o sp5d almo/ all _! "t & all _! en]gy 9 read+ up ! au?orities4 ,s va/ an erudition z he has acquir$ _c be atta9$ to )\t "s sacrifice 9 o!r directions4 ,! con/ant absorption ( o!r peoples' op9ions & !ories compels ! judgm5t to lean m & m on au?orities1 & ?is unfits x1 to "s ext5t1 = indep5d5t action4 ,x is ! indefatigable read]s :o mo/ bl9dly foll[ au?orities1 & x suffices to glance at ,max ,nordau's d$ication to ,pr(essor ,lombroso to und]/& to :at an ext5t he is subject to ! influ5ce ( 8,ma/]s40 ,! pride tak5 by a sci5ti/ 9 8 sci5ce1 & ! great practical results a*iev$ by sci5tific inve/igations1 naturally t5d to fo/] an implicit confid5ce 9 its t5ets4 ,?is has be5 especially ! case dur+ ! la/ decades1 s rem>kable = religi\s tol]ance4 ,z ! fai? 9 old dogmas has rec$$1 sci5ce has advanc$1 & 9 _m cases tak5 its place4 ,t su* has be5 ! case has naturally flatt]$ ! vot>ies ( sci5ce1 & tempt$ !m to become prophets z well z inve/igators4 ,!y h come to look ^u sy/ems z dogmas1 speculations z absolute tru?s1 & 9 ?is fa%ion sci5tific sup]/ition t5ds to take ! place ( religi\s sup]/ition4 ,! sci5tifically sup]/iti\s man is an example ( ! dang]s ( a little k4 ,n t our m5 ( sci5ce1 includ+ ! sup]/iti\s sci5ti/s1 are defective 9 su* k z is atta9able at our pres5t /age1 b ! sum total ( all human k is /ill1 & is probably de/9$ ev] to be1 only p>tial & extremely sup]ficial4 ,comp>$ ) ! k 9 ! pa/1 mod]n sci5ce repres5ts an imm5se progress1 b z to ?r[+ light on ! great secret ( ! ,univ]se1 f> f hav+ done any?+ ( ! sort1 x has1 on ! contr>y1 reveal$ m & m inexplicable wond]s1 & plac$ u face to face ) m insoluble problems4 ,?\gh trite1 ! aphorism t ! m we le>n ! m we realize our ignorance is tru] to-day ?an ev]4 ,x is natural & excusable t devotees ( a sci5ce :i* to !m has reveal$ wond]ful results %\ld raise abnormal expectations ) reg>d to its future possibilities1 & also t vanity1 a weakness (t5 co-exi/5t ) va/ k1 %\ld prompt a sci5ti/ to extol & glorify sci5ce f> beyond ! b\nds ( reason2 = any wor%ip (f]$ to sci5ce reb\nds necess>ily on its high prie/s4 ,?is impossibility to realize ! limits 9 :i* sci5ce moves1 & ! ye>n+ = admiration1 lie at ! base ( sci5tific sup]/ition4 ,! sci5tifically sup]/iti\s man believes t sci5ce has adequately repli$ to ^? great que/ions :i* humanity has be5 ask+ itself = ! la/ five ?\s& ye>s4 ,h[ 0 creation orig9at$8 ,= :at purpose did x come into exi/5ce8 ,:at is man8 ,:at does ! s*eme ( humanity involve8 ,h we exi/$ be=e our bir?8 ,%all we live aft] dea?8 ,:at is ! orig9 ( evil8 ,:at is et]nity8 ,:at is b\ndlessness 9 space8 ,:at is reason8 ,:at is in/9ct8 & s on4 ,if 8 excessive /udy has n s]i\sly impair$ 8 indep5d5t reason+ p[]s1 ! sup]/iti\s sci5ti/ may confess t ^! que/ions h n be5 repli$ to by sci5ce1 b !re w /ill lurk 9 8 m9d ! belief t "o day sci5ce w answ] !m4 ,he does n di/+ui% betwe5 nom5clature1 regi/ration1 & classification on ! "o h&1 & explanation on ! o!r4 ,:5 he has nam$ any newly-discov]$ sub/ance1 =ce1 or ph5om5on1 he imag9es t he has expla9$ !m4 ,he believes t he has acc\nt$ = :at is call$ matt] :5 he has evolv$ ! atom1 & t he has unveil$ ! secret ( life :5 he has discov]$ ! protoplasm or ! cell4 ,all sci5ti/s are n affect$ by sci5tific sup]/ition4 ,!y g5]ally suff] f x 9 an inv]se ratio to ! actual k !y h acquir$4 ,! pione] 9 sci5ce g5]ally exhibits less ( ?is weakness ?an ^? :o simply act z comm5tators & elaborators ( o!r m5's discov]ies4 ,! vot>ies ( c]ta9 sci5ces are less apt to indulge 9 sci5tific sup]/ition ?an ^? ( o!r bran*es4 ,?us1 a/ronom]s r>ely exhibit any su* symptoms1 :ile biologi/s are m apt to d s1 & psy*ologi/s are m sci5tifically sup]/iti\s ?an any o!r class ( sci5ti/s4 ,x might be haz>d\s to attempt an explanation ( ?is fact1 b may x n be f\nd 9 ! obvi\sness ( outw>d inf9ity1 & ! impalpability ( inw>d inf9ity8 ,lat] on we %all h ample occasion to %[ to :at an ext5t ,max ,nordau's m9d has be5 cl\d$ by sci5tific sup]/ition4 ,f9ally1 x mu/ be po9t$ out t ,max ,nordau is an enemy to ,france4 ,x is only human 9 any ,g]man4 ,! /up5d\s armam5t ( ,france is o/5tati\sly promot$ ) ! object ( rev5ge ^u ,g]many4 ,france1 9 h] sulks ov] ! lo/ prov9ces1 takes e opportunity ( %[+ animosity1 & ?is despite ! conciliatory attitude ( h] ,gov]nm5t4 ,?\gh ne>ly a qu>t] ( a c5tury has elaps$ s9ce ! disa/r\s w> betwe5 ,g]many & ,france1 ! bad feel+ betwe5 ! two nations has un=tunately be5 kept up4 ,france _c =get ! loss ( h] prov9ces1 &1 ?\gh ! attitude ( ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t is conciliatory1 outbur/s ( a feel+ ( hatr$ aga9/ ,g]many1 accompani$ by provocative language on ! "p ( irresponsible m51 con/antly occur4 ,! ,g]man p1 ) a vivid recollection ( ! ,fr5* invasion e>ly 9 ! c5tury1 & p]haps tak+ ! expressions ( ! w>-p>ty 9 ,france too s]i\sly1 look ^u ! ,fr5* nation z _! ar*-enemies4 ,by ! celebration ( anniv]s>ies pa9ful to ! ,fr5*1 & o!r means1 ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t keeps ! animosity betwe5 ! two nations alive1 & impresses ! p ) ! op9ion t ! heavy taxes x has to pay = armam5ts are made indisp5sable by ! enmity ( ,france4 ,x1 is !re=e1 natural t hatr$ aga9/ ,france %\ld prevail 9 ,g]many4 ,we und]/& t ,max ,nordau = a consid]able "t 0 ! ,p>is correspond5t ( ,g]man pap]s1 & we may take = grant$ t he w\ld n h be5 able to please 8 ,g]man read]s _h he n be5 /rongly biass$ 9 fav\r ( ,g]many aga9/ ,france--a fact to :i* 8 "w be>s ample witness4 ,su* is1 !n1 ! man :o1 9 8 undaunt$ fai? 9 8 sci5ce & 9 himself1 9 ! "n ( tru? & ! welf>e ( humanity1 & undet]r$ by ! p5alties ( ! ,great ,c\ncil & ,hell ,fire1 has said to 8 bre?r51--to ! "o1 8,y are ,raca60 & to ! o!r1 8,?\ fool60 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,dusk ,,or ,,dawn6 ,nordau's !ory is t ! educat$ classes ( ! _w are deg5]at+2 t ! peculi>ities 9 passions1 ta/es1 pa/imes1 & moods1 be> witness to su* deg5]ation2 t ! cause mu/ be f\nd 9 ! physical condition ( ! bra9s ( su* au?ors & arti/s z = ! "t be+ h ! e> & ! eye ( ! public2 t ! rem$y aga9/ deg5]ation may be f\nd 9 a moral quasi-compulsory sup]vision on ! "p ( ! non-deg5]ate ov] deg5]ate au?ors & arti/s4 ,if we are n entirely exact 9 ?is summ>y ( 8 po/ulates & conclusions1 x is to a great ext5t ,nordau's fault1 because n[h]e does he give any decid$ /atem5t ( ! scope ( 8 book4 ,9 8 fir/ *apt] he goes out ( 8 way 9 ord] to prote/ aga9/ ! misconception :i* repres5ts him z hav+ ins9uat$ t ! :ole ( humanity exhibit$ signs ( decay1 & he decl>es t 8 rem>ks apply exclusively to ! educat$ classes4 ,7 ?is absolutely true1 !re w\ld h be5 b small occasion = 8 rem>kable "w4 ,b ov] & ov] aga9 9 ! pages ( ,deg5]ation he speaks ( ! masses z p>tly affect$ by deg5]ation1 & ( ! dang] ( ! contam9ation spread+ f ! educat$ classes to ! masses4 ,he m5tions ! extreme ,sociali/s & ! ,an>*i/s z ! victims ( ! m5tal disease he inve/igates4 ,& yet he flatt]s himself t ! prolet>iat is n z ! upp] classes are1 & bases 8 op9ion on ! fact t !y appe> satisfi$ ) ! old =ms ( art & poetry1 t !y pref] ,george ,ohnet's novels to ! works ( ! symboli/s1 & ,mascagni's music to t ( ,wagn]4 ,^! /atem5ts evid5tly emanate f "o :o has m+l$ little ) ! p4 ,! tru? is t ! newe/ books1 ! newe/ music1 ! newe/ pictures1 only sl[ly rea* ! work+ classes1 & :5 su* works are ! outcome ( tempor>y fa%ion & mood1 !y might n rea* !m at all4 ,b ?is by no means proves t ! work+ classes d n exp]i5ce ! impulses :i* prompt ! pr$ilections ( ! upp] classes4 ,if ,nordau's views ( ! prolet>iat 9 g5]al 7 confirm$ by actualities prevail+ among ! ,g]man prolet>iat1 a heavy load w\ld be lift$ f ! %\ld]s ( ! ,g]man ,gov]nm5t4 ,b1 judg+ f ! ,g]man ,press--! (ficial ,press z well z ! ,sociali/ic--or f ! spee*es ( s high an au?ority z ! ,emp]or himself1 !re exi/s b little ( ! ,phili/9e cont5tm5t ) ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s ( :i* ! au?or speaks4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! ,emp]or compla9s t ! discont5t$ work+ classes are los+ _! respect = ?+s t us$ to be sacr$ to !m1 su* z patriotism1 feudal loyalty1 religion1 etc4 ,does ,nordau mean to tell u t ! pornographic novels ( c]ta9 ,fr5* au?ors1 t ! works ( mile ,zola & o!r reali/s1 are n read by ! masses 9 ,france8 ,:o !n pays = ! enorm\s editions issu$ aft] millions h read !m 9 feuilleton8 ,or does he wi% u to believe t only ! ari/ocracy & ! upp] classes 9 ,france h be5 affect$ by ! my/icism :i* f9ds its outlet 9 ! pilgrimage to ,l\rdes8 ,z to ! work+ classes 9 ! ,engli%-speak+ c\ntries1 :i*1 by ! way1 signify s little to ,nordau t he n ev5 once m5tions !m 9 8 "w1 are !y n *ildr5 ( _! "t1 & d !y n reflect e t5d5cy1 e virtue1 & e vice 9 ! upp] classes8 ,n only w\ld ,nordau f9d1 7 he to inve/igate ! matt]1 t ^? /igmata ( deg5]ation :i* he ref]s to z su*--,individualism & ,an>*ism--are mak+ big /rides among ! ,engli%-speak+ work+ classes1 b t ! ta/e = crim9al & reali/ic lit]ature is gr[+ 9 popul>ity4 ,he w\ld ev5 f9d ,wagn]'s music int5sely applaud$ by audi5ces recruit$ f ! work+ class4 ,f> f develop+ e?ically 9 diff]5t directions1 ! upp] & ! l[] classes 9 ?is c\ntry move toge!r1 ea* simultane\sly influ5c+ ! o!r4 ,:ile ! l[] classes foll[ ! upp] classes 9 _m ?+s--= example1 politics1 dress1 etc4--! upp] classes obta9 _! comic songs1 _! humor\s /ories1 & mo/ ( _! fun f ! l[] classes4 ,! imp>tial obs]v] _c fail to notice ! k9%ip :i* exi/s betwe5 ! proclivities ( ! two extremes ( ,engli% society--! weal?ie/ nobility & ! poore/ lab\r]s4 ,bo? ^! classes are int5sely fond ( sports1 bo? degrade sport by bett+1 bo? are giv5 to lavi% exp5diture1 bo? pride !mselves on physical =ce & pluck above ev]y?+4 ,bo? are prone to disreg>d ! sanctity ( m>riage4 ,bo? indulge freely 9 ! pleasures ( eat+ & dr9k+4 ,individuals ( bo? classes get on toge!r bett] ?an !y d ) ! middle classes4 ,& bo? are only sup]ficially religi\s4 ,p]haps ?is rem>kable community ( ta/es & views may acc\nt = :at has always be5 an inexplicable enigma to =eign]s1--! cons]vative work+ man4 ,nordau classes1 among ! indications ( decay1 ! ye>n+ = fre$om f outw>d control & = complete p]sonal indep5d5ce4 ,x is true he takes = grant$ t su* ye>n+s = individual lib]ty aim at ! realization ( be/ial prop5sities n[1 accord+ to him1 kept 9 *eck only by law1 police1 & public op9ion4 ,we %all1 lat] on1 f9d t he has completely misund]/ood ! attempts to %ake (f all %ackles :i* he has notic$4 ,"h x suffices to po9t out t ! long+ = individual fre$om1 :i* manife/s itself 9 a ?\s& ways unobs]v$ by ,nordau1 & 9 ! upp] classes takes ! %ape ( a revolt aga9/ conv5tionality1 is conspicu\s among ! work+ classes ( ,great ,brita94 ,?is ye>'s elections h prov$ beyond d\bt t ! t5d5cy t[>ds ,/ate ,socialism :i* *>act]iz$ ! ,lib]al policy is fa/ becom+ di/a/eful to ! rank & file ( vot]s4 ,! tyranny1 :i*1 9 ! "n ( ,socialism1 0 ex]cis$ by ! ,trades ,unions1 w soon be a ?+ ( ! pa/4 ,:5 at its height ( developm5t ! ,trades ,unions h>dly compris$ "o-fif? ( ! work+ classes1 & n[ already ! movem5t is 9 full retrogression4 ,! ,free ,lab\r ,association1 ?\gh only lately call$ into exi/5ce1 meets ) increas+ support1 & may no d\bt be look$ ^u z an expression ( our work+ classes' new-born love ( fre$om4 ,?is *ange ( m9d1 or1 z ,nordau w\ld call x1 ?is deg5]ation1 also acc\nts = ! pres5t halt 9 ! advance ( ! ,sociali/ic propag&a & ! rapid spread ( mod]ate b decisive ,an>*i/ op9ions :i* 9 no small degree contribut$ to ! rec5t ,cons]vative victory at ! polls4 ,:at is "h /at$ reg>d+ ! ,briti% work+ classes is true reg>d+ ! work+ classes ( all ! ,engli%-speak+ c\ntries4 ,ev]y:]e we f9d a /rong ye>n+ = fre$om f control4 ,! rem>kable po9t ab\t ! expressions ( ?is ye>n+ is t1 ?\gh ! vot>ies ( ! revolt aga9/ ,/ate tyranny h s f> n be5 able to =mulate any complete or practical s*eme = ! life ( a ,/ate1 or community1 gov]n$ by ! be/ in/9cts ( ! human be+ in/ead ( by law1 _! views are rapidly ga9+ gr\nd4 ,?is is especially ! case 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e ,mr4 ,tuck]1 ! editor ( a little j\rnal call$ ,lib]ty1 is /eadily ext5d+ 8 influ5ce4 ,! au?or ( ,deg5]ation di/orts reality :5 he supposes t ! upp] classes ( a c\ntry c be corrupt & deg5]ate1 :ile ! masses con=m to t ,g]man ,phili/9e ideal--a v poor "o inde$--:i* ,nordau w\ld fa9 hold up to !m4 ,?is is prov$ by ! fact t x is 9 _! relations ) ! masses t ! corruption ( ! upp] classes becomes conspicu\s1 & t only ?r\gh response f ! masses c _m =ms ( su* corruptions become possible4 ,x w\ld take u too f> to record all ! pro(s t actualities furni% ( ?is fact4 ,we %all simply po9t out "o ( ! _m conditions 9 ! masses :i* promote corruption 9 ! educat$ classes1 namely1 pov]ty4 ,! appall+1 demoraliz+1 brutalis+ pov]ty 9 ! l>ge mod]n cities--?is poison\s fungus gr[n out ( mod]n gov]nm5t & political corruptions1 n only kills ! s5se ( self-respect & dec5cy 9 its victims1 b r5d]s pro/itution1 ?r\gh %e] hung] & suff]+1 ! trade ( millions4 ,x is pov]ty among ! masses :i* und]m9es ! arti/ic feel+ ( ! nation1 /&s 9 ! way ( appli$ art1 & compels ! cat]] ( popul> amusem5ts to appeal to l[ passions & brutal in/9cts4 ,our epo* is n ! fir/ example 9 hi/ory :]e masses ( de/itute p ex]cise all _! +5uity 9 corrupt+ ! weal?y citiz5s 9 ! hope ( snat*+ "s crumbs ( _! weal?4 ,dire pov]ty x is1 ) its hovels1 its rags1 & its diseases1 :i* gives ri*es _! imm5se value 9 ! eyes ( ! p4 ,x creates a ?ir/ = gold4 ,no man ?9ks himself safe f fall+ into ! abyss ( mod]n pov]ty until he has amass$ a l>ge =tune & plac$ himself 9 ! position ( amass+ m4 ,! love ( weal? corrupts ,lit]ature1 ,art1 ! ,press4 ,x is at ! base ( all f9ancial1 political1 adm9i/rative sc&als4 ,x is responsible = m]c5>y m>riages1 :i* fill ! law c\rts1 pollute society1 & contam9ate ! home4 ,! pov]ty ( ! masses p>alyses ! ef=ts ( hone/ indu/ries1 hone/ trades1 & hone/ pr(essions4 ,! m5 :o succe$ are n ^? :o b5efit _! fell[-m51 b ^? :o ru?lessly trample !m "u foot 9 _! he$less race = gold4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t ! upp] classes are n prolific1 & w\ld die out 7 !y n recruit$ f ! ranks2 if !re=e ! /ate ( ! masses is su* z to all[ its wor/ elem5t to rise to influ5tial positions 9 society1 demoralization ( ! masses mu/ inevitably produce demoralization ( ! classes4 ,we w leave x to ! ?9k+ public to consid] to :at ext5t o!r conditions ( ! masses1 besides pov]ty1 react 9 all c\ntries on ! upp] classes--:at ! effects are1 fir/ on ! masses1 & !n on ! classes1 ( corrupt & retrograde *ur*es1 compulsory s]vice 9 ! army1 police tyranny1 bad & unju/ laws1 tutelage "u pragmatical ,phili/9es1 ca/e in/itutions1 (ficial newspap]s1 ,/ate-regulat$ arts & ent]ta9m5ts1 adm9i/rative fav\ritism1 etc4 ,b ,nordau takes no he$ ( su* all-p[]ful causes ( corruption4 ,he sees deg5]ation only 9 ! upp] classes1 &1 plac+ ! c>t be=e ! horse1 he reg>ds :at he consid]s ! deg5]at$ au?or & arti/ z ! cause ( a /ate ( affairs ( :i* !y are ! v la/ products4 ,!re are _m passages 9 8 book t /rongly sugge/ t he is n completely s9c]e 9 8 "o-sid$ view4 ,! savage bl[s he sometimes deals at ! ,an>*i/s be> witness t ?is =m (--z he w\ld call x--deg5]ation among ! masses caus$ him a consid]able am\nt ( uneas9ess4 ,judg+ by ! simil>ity ( 8 language & t ( ! ,emp]or ( ,g]many1 he might well be commission$ to br& bo? ,sociali/s & ,an>*i/s z wild bea/s4 ,be ?is z x may1 8 few allusions to ! corruption ( ! masses s]ve to enhance ! untru/wor?9ess ( ! signs ( deg5]ation :i* he po9ts out 9 ! upp] classes4 ,among ^! figure prom95tly--:o w\ld believe x8--mod]n female toilets4 ,& :y8 ,n because !y are indec5t1 z !y h (t5 be5 9 o!r p]iods1 b because !y are ecc5tric4 ,is !re !n a normal dress = ladies8 ,or :at code is !re 9 exi/5ce to :i* ,nordau c appeal8 ,is x a sign ( deg5]ation to hold t "o ( ! *ief objects ( toilets is to be beautiful & to enhance ! beauty ( ! we>]8 ,& ought a lady :o dresses accord+ to ?is pr9ciple to be put d[n z a dwell] on ! bord]-l& ( madness8 ,if wom5 love to dress well1 & m5 love to behold !m well-dress$1 w\ld x n be madness to adopt ugly & monoton\s toilets8 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 n difficult to see t ! au?or's /&>d ( female toilet is ! pla9 & ugly dress ( ! ,g]man h\sewife1 & t he has nev] realiz$ ! delight :i* an ,engli%man takes 9 see+ 8 wife ri*ly dress$1 & 9 a way t suits h] face & =m4 ,if ,nordau's /&>d ( female dress is ! sev]e drap]ies ( ! antique1 he does n say s4 ,b1 if x be1 we mu/ rem9d him t ! beauty ( ! classic drap]ies 0 borr[$ f ! beauty ( ! =ms !y reveal$ or p>tly display$4 ,) ! be/ w1 we c\ld n 9 nor!rn ,europe emulate ! ,greeks 9 dress4 ,!re are two objections3 ! climate1 :i* dem&s w>m cov]+2 ! s5se ( may-be false mode/y1 inh]it$ f ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ages1 :i* prev5ts ! display ( human =ms4 ,! "t w no d\bt come :5 humanity is suffici5tly pure-m9d$--suffici5tly deg5]at$1 z ,nordau w\ld probably say--to dress 9 cl++ drap]ies1 to expose ! =m m freely indoors & 9 w>m wea!r2 & :o w\ld say t morality w\ld n be ! ga9]8 ,a movem5t 9 ?is direction is already app>5t4 ,! skirt-dance repres5ts "o /age4 ,! appe>ance ( an actress )\t %oes or /ock+s might well h]ald a return to s&als1 & ! ab&onm5t ( ! b>b>\s fa%ion ( cramp+ *ildr5's feet 9 po9t$ %oes4 ,b to call ! wom5 ( ,european society deg5]ate because1 "u ! pres5t circum/ances1 !y d n g ab\t 9 light tunics1 display+ _! feet1 _! arms1 & "o leg1 is h>dly fair4 ,our great ali5i/ is v sev]e on ! m5 ( society z well1 m especially = ! mann] 9 :i* !y trim _! be>ds4 ,we _c help sympa?iz+ ) m5 :o we> a d\ble-po9t$ be>d :5 !y are told t !y are on ! high road to lunacy because !y ape ,lucius ,v]rius1 a g5tleman ^: portrait !y h probably nev] se54 ,su* /igmata ( folly c\ld h be5 po9t$ out only by a man ^: m9d is completely devoid ( a s5se ( ! ridicul\s4 ,to anybody :o has n a special po9t to prove at all co/1 x w be pat5t t ?r\gh\t ! :ole c\rse ( hi/ory educat$ m5 nev] dress$ m sob]ly ?an n[4 ,9 ?is matt] ,engli% fa%ion gov]ns ! _w1 & ! rul+ ideas 9 ,engli%m5's dress are durability1 com=t1 & adaptability to ! occasions on :i* x is worn4 ,cont95tal m5 may n adh]e s /rictly to ^! ideas1 b !re is good reason to believe t 9 a %ort "t !y w d s4 ,mod]n room & h\se decorations are1 accord+ to ,nordau1 s _m indications ( deg5]ation & decay4 ,t !re are _m rooms & h\ses ecc5trically furni%$ & decorat$ ?r\gh\t ! civiliz$ _w no "o w\ld d5y4 ,b comp>$ ) ! numb] ( h\ses & rooms *a/ely furni%$ & decorat$ 9 a mann] :i* is incomp>ably m pleasant & attractive ?an ! av]age rooms1 especially 9 ,g]many & ,engl& ?irty ye>s ago1 ^! abodes ( ecc5trics s9k into insignificance4 ,z to ! decoration ( public halls & places ( amusem5t1 we surely notice an improvem5t :i* c\ld n po9t to deg5]ation4 ,h>dly 9 any ,european t[n w\ld su* wall decorations be n[ p]mitt$ z disfigur$ ! walls ( public places ( amusem5t & danc+-halls 9 ,g]many "s ?irty ye>s ago--! ,apollo ,saal ( ,hamburg1 to wit1 ! walls ( :i* repres5t$ hell 9 ! wor/ ta/e possible4 ,"h1 aga91 ,nordau gives u no /&>d to g by4 ,he does n tell u :at ! h\se or ! room ( a rational be+ %\ld be l1 or to :at ext5t a weal?y man may indulge 9 a freak1 or amuse 8 fri5ds by grotesque furniture & biz>re decorations1 )\t be+ deg5]at$4 ,! enjoym5ts ( society especially pres5t symptoms :i* cause our psy*ologi/ to tremble = ! sanity ( ! upp] classes4 ,"u ?is head1 we expect$ him to say some?+ ( ! increas+ ta/e = heal?y games & sport1 = travel1 & ! amateur practice ( ! arts = amusem5t's sake4 ,_h he be5 will+ to look at ! "q f bo? sides1 he might h said some?+ ab\t ! increas+ love ( sci5ce1 especially social sci5ce2 ( good books z well z bad ones2 ( ! high prices fet*$ by ! pa9t+s ( ! old ma/]s1 ev5 ^? n belong+ to ! pre-,raphaelite p]iod1 consequ5tly real works ( art accord+ to ,nordau4 ,he might h ackn[l$g$ ! improv$ tone 9 social ga!r+s & ! m>k$ dim9ution 9 convivial drunk5ness4 ,:ile sitt+ 9 judgm5t ^u ! upp] classes ( ,europe1 :y %\ld he n h notic$ ! m s]i\s side ( _! lives z well z _! enjoym5ts1 z manife/$ 9 subscriptions to hospitals or orphanages1 & in/itutes ( e description2 sick-nurs+ e/abli%m5ts1 :]e ladies ( high rank & weal? give _! p]sonal s]vices1 sacrifices ( "t & com=t 9 ! endeav\r to bright5 ! lives ( ! poor1 to save fall5 wom51 to assi/ releas$ prison]s1 to protect *ildr5 & ev5 animals f cruelty8 ,we say1 purposely1 no?+ ( all ! *>itable "w done 9 connection ) *ur*es1 because ,nordau & 8 admir]s might n recognise any results ( religi\s feel+ z a pro( ( sanity4 ,b all ^! emphatic & unmi/akable indications ( ! /ate ( society--at lea/ z valuable z ! manife/ations ( vice1 hy/]ia1 & ecc5tricity--are ignor$4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he makes mu* ( ! attempts :i* "h & !re h be5 made1 especially 9 ,p>is1 ) repres5tations appeal+ to _m s5ses at once2 = in/ance1 pictures exhibit$ ) music1 musical recitals 9 d>k5$ rooms1 etc4 ,su* cases are n only extremely r>e1 b simply are ano!r comb9ation ( _m arts h>dly m complicat$ ?an t repres5t$ by op]as1 9 :i* dance1 music1 poetry1 & pa9t+ are m+l$ 9 ord] to please4 ,9 :at record$ p]iod1 & 9 :at nation1 h !re n be5 attempts to create new s\rces ( enjoym5t8 ,:y %\ld n attempts be made at advance 9 amusem5ts z well z 9 any o!r feature ( our civilization8 ,t _m ( ^! exp]im5ts appe> silly1 & end 9 utt] failure1 ought to surprise nobody1 & sci5ti/s ! lea/4 ,any "o :o has tri$ to inv5t some?+ new1 to asc]ta9 by exp]im5ts "s sci5tific fact1 or to solve a physical or me*anical problem1 ought to "k t a v l>ge numb] ( exp]im5ts are b\nd to fail be=e success is a*iev$4 ,x is /range to f9d 9 our days a sci5ti/ condemn+1 z ! beg9n+ ( folly1 t dissatisfaction ) exi/+ ?+s :i* is ! prim>y motor ( all progress & all k4 ,by do+ s he ranges himself on ! side ( ^? ,phili/9es :o burnt ! apo/les ( progress z h]etics & imprison$ ! pione]s ( sci5ce z madm54 ,! unre/ :i* our psy*ologi/ notices 9 ! educat$ classes exi/s z well among all ! l[] classes ( ,europe1 ?\gh among !m x reveals itself 9 o!r manife/ations4 ,x spr+s h[ev] f ! same s\rce--a /rong in/9ctive feel+1 l>gely corroborat$ by judgm5t1 t human life 9 all sph]es is1 9 ! pres5t epo*1 utt]ly out ( h>mony ) nature1 ) our irresi/ible in/9cts1 & all ^? noble aspirations1 on ! realization ( :i* our self-respect1 our ease ( m9d1 & our happ9ess alone c be bas$4 ,x is n alone ! pres5t feel+ ( incongruity :i* di/urbs humanity1 b ! fa/-rip5+ conviction t we are mov+ 9 a wrong direction inspires despair1 pessimism 9 "s1 & a desire = haz>d\s new dep>tures 9 o!rs4 ,?is s5se ( unre/1 ?is crav+ = *ange1 f> f be+ symptoms ( deg5]ation1 are ! fir/ fa9t indications ( r5ew+ vitality4 ,if decay !re be1 x is simply ! f]m5tation :i* prec$es g]m9ation4 ,two oppos+ pr9ciples1 two diff]5t sy/ems1 two classes ( antagoni/ic in/itutions1 _c exi/ 9 ! same place & at ! same "t4 ,:5 !re=e old ?+s h be5 tri$ ad nauseam & con/antly f\nd want+1 any unprejudic$ man1 nay1 ev5 an animal1 mu/ exp]i5ce a desire to de/roy !m4 ,?is feel+ naturally becomes /ronge/ 9 ! man ) an imag9ative & aspir+ m9d3 = besides ! g5]al disgu/ ( old ?+s1 he sees 9 !m ! *ief ob/acles to bett] & high] ?+s4 ,! axe mu/ prec$e ! pl\gh1 because ! =e/ _c co-exi/ ) ! :eat-field4 ,! gr[+ enmity aga9/ old dogmas1 old au?orities1 old =ms among ! educat$ & arti/ic classes1 ! k9dl+ rage ( ! masses aga9/ exi/+ in/itutions1 signal ! cle>+ ( ! rank jungle & ! pe/il5tial swamps prior to cultivation4 ,! lead+ features ( mod]n culture h up till n[ be5 submission to au?orities1 violation ( nature1 sacrifice ( individual lib]ty1 & progression on ,collectivi/ l9es4 ,:at wond] !n t ^? :o ke5ly feel ! pres5t degradation ( man1 a*iev$ "u old conditions1 %\ld turn1 aga9/ ^! & clam\r = lib]ty1 nature1 & self8 ,nordau1 ) 8 ,g]man-,phili/9e ideas1 ) 8 head cramm$ full ( au?oritative tea*+1 & biass$ by ! clap-trap ( ! commone/ ,collectivism1 has utt]ly misund]/ood ! ph5om5a :i* he has only p>tially obs]v$4 ,he does n all[ = ! mi/akes1 ! exagg]ations1 & ! ecc5tricities committ$ by m5 :o try to give expression to _! feel+s1 _! ye>n+s1 _! aspirations1 unhamp]$ by traditional bonds4 ,he is bewild]$ because a movem5t spr++ entirely f feel+ & in/9ct does n foll[ a fix$ programme1 or "s dry philosophical sy/em4 ,he "u-e/imates ! value ( an e?ical revolution1 because s f> x has n rea*$ its con/ructive /age2 & because ! new apo/les ( lib]ty1 intoxicat$ by _! self-lib]ation1 run amuck indiscrim9ately aga9/ all old ?+s1 be !y good or bad2 because ! movem5t is 9 ! h&s ( extremi/s1 en?usia/s1 & s5tim5tali/s1 & /ill awaits ! guid+ h& ( ! unbiass$ logician1 ! cool-head$ sociologi/ & economi/1 capable ( h>moniz+ x ) practical life & moral ord]4 ,nordau1 by 8 book1 has =feit$ 8 claim to be "o ( ^!4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,my/icism ,,& ,,! ,,unkn[able ,( ! good ?+s conta9$ 9 ,nordau's book :i* %\ld secure = x a place 9 ! /udy ( e educat$ man1 8 f\r? *apt] entitl$ 8,etiology0 figures conspicu\sly4 ,he deals "h ) ! causes--n ! prim>y economic & sociological causes1 b ! imm$iate causes--( ! increas+ bodily debilities & m5tal d]angem5ts *>act]i/ic ( our epo*4 ,su* facts1 or g5]ally assum$ facts1 z t ! av]age t]m ( human life is ext5d+2 t ! av]age /ature ( man has increas$ s9ce ! middle ages1 r5d]+ ! arm\r ( mighty m5 ( ^? days too small = middle-siz$ m5 ( our g5]ation2 t ! av]age *e/-measure 9 ! ,g]man army is exp&+2 t p]sonal beauty ( *ildr51 wom51 & m5 is 9 ! asc5dant2 t _m m5 atta9 to a great age )\t ! slighte/ sign ( dim9i%$ m5tal p[]2--all ^! facts might appe> s _m contradictions to ,nordau's ass]tions 9 ! *apt] allud$ to4 ,b1 ?\gh ! consid]ation ( !m might induce him to modify "s ( ! m9or po9ts1 !y are n completely inconsi/5t ) 8 g5]al reason+4 ,he w>ns u t ! excessive consumption ( spirits & tobacco1 ! use ( opiates & poisons 9 g5]al1 produce debility & premature dea?4 ,bad food1 bad air1 bad dwell+s1 & a great numb] ( o!r disadvantages :i* t[n dwell]s1 especially ! poor1 mu/ endure1 are no d\bt at lea/ z h>mful to body & m9d z he proves4 ,he rightly attributes a great numb] ( n]ve diseases to ! pro/ration & fatigue consequ5t ^u ov]-ex]tion & ov]-excitem5t1 :i* seems inevitable 9 an epo* ( railways1 telegraphs1 & ma*9]y4 ,! :ole ( 8 *apt] 8,etiology10 h[ev]1 deal+ z x does ) ! deg5]ation ( ! masses1 seems to contradict :at he says 9 8 fir/ *apt] ab\t ! upp] classes only be+ affect$ by f9 de sicle deg5]ation1 :ile ! masses exp]i5ce only a m or less slight t\* ( x4 ,x also seems to disprove 8 !ory t deg5]ate au?ors & arti/s are ! *ief cause ( deg5]ation among ! upp] classes1 a view :i* leads him to ov]look ! mo/ palpable & mo/ p[]ful causes = ! production ( ^? psy*ological ph5om5a ?r\gh\t civiliz$ humanity :i* he notices only among ! upp] classes4 ,9 discuss+ deg5]ation x is ( ! utmo/ importance to "k h[ ! affliction progresses--:e!r c]ta9 au?ors & arti/s 7 deg5]at$1 & !n affect$ ! upp] classes--or :e!r ! upp] classes 7 deg5]at$ & ?us produc$ ! deg5]at$ au?ors & arti/s4 ,nordau seems to vacillate betwe5 ! two op9ions1 or he consid]s ! p]nici\s influ5ce to h be5 reciprocal4 ,x is h[ev] cle> t he reg>ds ^! au?ors & arti/s1 z well z ^? memb]s ( ! upp] classes :o sympa?ize ) !m1 z dwell]s on ! bord]-l& betwe5 sanity & madness4 ,! /igmata1 or ! signs ( di/ort$ m9ds1 he divides--z !y necess>ily mu/ be divid$--into bodily /igmata & m5tal /igmata4 ,! bodily /igmata are ( c\rse mal=mations ( ! head1 & he lays p>ticul> /ress on ! con=mation ( ! e>1 its m or less project+ position1 ! %ape ( ! lobe1 or its cl++ to ! head4 ,x w\ld h be5 *>ity & ju/ice on 8 "p to h expla9$ t1 :ile ^! /igmata are frequ5tly f\nd on lunatics & idiots1 !re are probably millions ( p :o be> !m )\t be+ dem5t$1 or ev5 ecc5tric4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x _c be d5i$ t !re are ?\s&s ( lunatics :o possess well-%ap$ heads & e>s4 ,he relies h[ev] b little on ! bodily /igmata1 & f9ds !m only on a few ( 8 subjects4 ,he deals1 ( c\rse1 *iefly ) ! m5tal /igmata1 & among ^! he gives my/icism a prom95t place4 ,he quotes f ,legra9 to ! effect t 8my/ical ?\ghts are to be laid to ! acc\nt ( insanity & deg5]ation10 b ,legra9 adds at once t !y are obs]vable 9 two /ates--9 epilepsy & 9 hy/]ical delirium4 ,accord+ to 8 au?ority we consequ5tly "k t ^? :o suff] f epilepsy & delirium are apt to be my/ical4 ,b ,legra9 w\ld probably be ! fir/ to object to ! conclusion t all ^? :o are my/ically incl9$ suff] f epilepsy & delirium4 ,9 8 def9ition ( my/icism ,nordau says t 8! ^w describes a /ate ( m9d 9 :i* ! subject imag9es t he sees or div9es unkn[n & inexplicable relations among/ ph5om5a1 disc]ns 9 ?+s h9ts at my/]ies1 & reg>ds !m z symbols40 ,b he adds1 8by :i* d>k p[]s seek to unveil1 or1 at lea/1 to indicate all sorts ( m>vels :i* he endeav\rs to guess1 ?\gh g5]ally 9 va940 ,we h divid$ 8 def9ition into two p>ts1 because plac$ 9 "o s5t5ce x seems an incorrect & unfair def9ition1 ! =m] "p ( :i* might be us$ z a pro( ( deg5]ation 9 a p]fectly s\nd m9d1 :ile ! latt] "p is ! ess5tial ( ! :ole def9ition4 ,z we h already po9t$ out1 sci5ce & all rese>*es h utt]ly fail$ to furni% replies to all que/ions reg>d+ ! orig91 aim1 plan1 & f9al de/9y ( ! univ]se & ( humanity4 ,"u su* circum/ances1 ! _w ar\nd u1 t :i* has prec$$ x1 t :i* w foll[ x1 z well z ourselves1 necess>ily rema9 my/]ies4 ,c !n any "o :o p]ceives or div9es unkn[n1 & to u n[ inexplicable1 relations betwe5 ph5om5a & :o disc]ns my/]ies be reg>d$ z a deg5]ate8 ,all ! sci5tific facts ( :i* we are n[ 9 possession 7 my/]ies be=e !y 7 discov]$1 & ! sci5ti/s :o1 guid$ by slight h9ts & sometimes by guesses1 h unravell$ ! m>vels ( nature1 c\ld n surely be put d[n z lunatics4 ,x is !re=e evid5t t ! phrase 8d>k p[]0 is a mo/ ess5tial "p 9 ,nordau's def9ition1 & t a man c behold my/]ies1 dwell on !m1 /udy !m1 sometimes unravel !m1 & rema9 a p]fectly sane man1 & t he only :o is my/ical & deals ) my/]ies 9 an irrational way is a deg5]ate4 ,nordau says z mu* 9 8 illu/ration ( ! peasant :o is a my/ic 9 8 religion & 9 8 belief 9 ! wea!r-wit*1 b a matt]-(-fact man 9 8 f>m+ & 9 8 bus9ess4 ,b he is n s l5i5t to ! expon5ts ( ! my/ic s*ool 9 art & lit]ature4 ,) reg>d to ^!1 he is r prone to det]m9e ! /ate ( _! m9d accord+ to t "p ( a quotation f ,morel :i* he has italicis$ 9 8 book1 8a morbid deviation f an orig9al type40 ,! ^w morbid alone w\ld h suffic$1 b he seems to atta* m importance to ! o!r "p ( ! s5t5ce & to reg>d all :o deviate f an orig9al type z deg5]ate4 ,he does n all[ = ext5uat+ circum/ances 9 ! au?ors & arti/s z he does 9 ! case ( ! peasant4 ,if he did1 he c\ld n class any ( ^!1 or _! admir]s1 among ! deg5]ates1 unless he c\ld also prove t !y 7 irrational 9 _! daily life & _! bus9ess relations4 ,he ackn[l$ges t ! emotional nature ( man has play$ a m important "p 9 ! _w ?an 8 intellect1 & yet he seems to h be=e 8 eyes an orig9al type consi/+ exclusively ( intellect & devoid ( emotions4 ,if man's de/9y1 8 moral condition1 8 education1 8 happ9ess1 & 8 usefulness 9 ! _w1 7 to be det]m9$ *iefly by 8 intellectual p[]1 ! progress ( ! race w\ld h be5 inf9itely m sl[ ?an x has be51 & ! bulk ( individuals n[ alive w\ld be f> less remov$ f ! animal ?an !y are4 ,x might be cont5d$ t1 if n all1 at lea/ a l>ge numb] ( religions h br\ght ) !m _m evils1 b1 tak+ a broad view ( ! "w accompli%$ by !m 9 comp>ison1 n ) :at !y w\ld h done _h !y be5 m p]fect1 b ) t /ate :i* w\ld h prevail$ _h !y nev] exi/$1 no unprejudic$ hi/orian w d5y t civilization & ! progress ( our race h be5 consid]ably accel]at$ ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( religions4 ,no religion is bas$ on logic1 & h>dly ev] 7 religi\s precepts & dogmas accept$ exclusively on intellectual gr\nds4 ,fai? & reason+1 consid]ably modifi$ by emotion1 h always =m$ ! basis ( religi\s beliefs4 ,n only 9 connection ) religi\s matt]s1 b 9 e ev5t & e developm5t 9 human affairs1 emotion has play$ an active & prom95t "p4 ,su* feel+s z love1 fri5d%ip1 ambition1 lu/1 gratitude1 hatr$1 rev5gefulness1 patriotism1 loyalty1 *ivalry1 etc41 are ! great motive p[]s 9 ! human drama1 & :5 ! intellect /eps 9 x is z _! c\nsellor & _! s]vant4 ,x is !re=e legitimate & reasonable = ^? :o wi% to sway human be+s1 :o wi% to educate !m1 elevate !m1 to address !mselves to _! emotional nature4 ,9 ! position 9 :i* man is plac$--liv+ on a cosmic gra9 ( s&1 mov+ 9 space by an inexplicable p[] at an inconceivable spe$1 )\t kn[+ :o he is & :y he is--! my/ical mu/ p]=ce h a great attraction = him4 ,to be easily impress$ by ! my/ical is !re=e "o ( 8 natural conditions1 be x good1 bad1 or indiff]5t4 ,:5 ! emotional nature ( human be+s is appeal$ to x is z rational = arti/s & poets to address !mselves to ! love ( ! my/ical z to ! love ( ! beautiful1 & !re=e !re %\ld be a legitimate place = my/icism 9 art & poetry4 ,x is almo/ inconceivable t an educat$1 well-balanc$ m9d %\ld nev] dwell on ^? imm5sities /ill unexplor$1 & ! innum]able enigmas /ill unsolv$ or insoluble1 & cont5t itself ) l+]+ ov] ^? comp>atively insignificant tru?s :i* sci5ce s f> has reveal$4 ,to :at an ext5t a man rema9s satisfi$ ) quasi-explanations ( sci5tific rese>* dep5ds on ! /r5g? ( 8 imag9ation4 ,x is p>donable if ali5i/s %\ld look ^u imag9ation z a d\btful bless+2 b ?\gh x may appe> a dang]\s gift 9 _! pati5ts1 !re c be little d\bt t x is an indisp5sable attribute to a well-equipp$ m9d4 ,x is ! m5tal faculty :i* mo/ di/+ui%es man f ! animals--! "o on :i* he c\ld ) ! greate/ appe>ance ( legitimacy base 8 claim to div9e orig94 ,dogs may dream & horses may see gho/s1 b _! halluc9ations are va/ly diff]5t f ! imag9ation ( man1 :i* all[s him to receive & reta9 almo/ any numb] ( pres5tations1 to elaborate !m into new comb9ations1 ?us recon/ruct+ pictures ( ! pa/ & d>+ conceptions ( ! future1 capable ( easy realization4 ,a p[]ful imag9ation is ess5tial n only to ! poet & ! arti/1 b to ! eng9e]1 ! me*anician1 ! /atesman1--9 fact1 to all :o set !mselves a practical task or a di/9ct ideal4 ,x is ! imag9ative /r5g? ( ! sci5ti/ :i* r5d]s him a pione] & a discov]]1 & )\t x he is to 8 sci5ce :at ! p]=m] ( music :o _c compose is to music4 ,f ev]yday exp]i5ce we are ju/ifi$ 9 believ+ t ! cramm+ ( ! memory1 mu* read+ = exam9ations or o!r purposes1 & a develop$ habit ( rely+ on au?orities t5d to weak5 ! imag9ation 9 a man4 ,?is seems to be confirm$ by ! !ory ( psy*ologi/s3 t desuetude ( a faculty t5ds to its decay2 & might well be ! explanation ( ! (t5-confirm$ fact t great discov]]s & inv5tors h seldom em]g$ f ! ranks ( ! omnivor\s read]s ( ! univ]sities4 ,9 ! same mann] we may expla9 :at we h be=e call$ ! sci5tific sup]/ition disc]nible 9 s _m sci5ti/s4 ,! m !y are satisfi$ ) _! sy/ems1 ! m !y take nom5clature & classification = adequate explanation1 ! less !y are attract$ by ! sph]es into :i* sci5ce has n p5etrat$ or _c p5etrate4 ,!re is ?is simil>ity betwe5 ! sci5tifically sup]/iti\s & ! !ologically sup]/iti\s--t !y bo? believe t !y h expla9$ all1 & !y !reby place !mselves beyond ! possibility ( be+ "r2 = ! mass ( unexpect$ facts reveal$ by sci5ce1 eclips+ z !y d ! wilde/ flight ( ! imag9ation1 r5d]s x possible = any man to be "r 9 8 speculations on ! secrets ( ! univ]se save ^? m5 :o say t !y "k all4 ,x is !re=e n surpris+ t a sci5ti/ by erudition1 & especially an ali5i/1 :o1 by d9t ( /udy+ ! me*anism :i* connects :at "s call ! s\l1 & o!rs designate z ! tr9ity ( ! consci\sness1 ! judgm5t1 & ! w1 ) ! body1 has p]suad$ himself t !re is no?+ beyond n]ves1 cells & ! gray matt]1 %\ld look ) contempt on imag9ation1 & yet m s on ! love ( ! my/ical1 & t 8 ideal man1 8 8orig9al type10 %\ld possess s little imag9ation z to rema9 unaffect$ by ! my/ical4 ,lack ( in=mation & ( obs]vation has caus$ ! multitude to reg>d a great numb] ( m5--di/+ui%$ 9 ! eyes ( ! _w exclusively by _! intellectual p[]s--z non-my/ics to su* a degree z to class !m z a!i/s4 ,! majority ( su* m51 ?\gh di/9ctly at v>iance ) ! dogmas & views ( e/abli%$ sects1 h be5 & are1 9 _! inn] consci\sness1 bo? my/ics & religioni/s4 ,:5 9 public !y h seem+ly attack$ religion & my/icism1 !y h 9 reality only attack$ *ur*es & sup]/ition4 ,9 ! judgm5t ( a great _m intellig5t m5 ! controv]sy betwe5 ,pr(essor ,huxley & ,dr4 ,m>t9eau goes f> to confirm ?is view4 ,:5 humanity1 includ+ sci5ti/s1 le>ns to di/+ui% betwe5 religion & *ur*es1 x w be und]/ood t almo/ all m5 9 ! pa/ & pres5t :o h des]v$ly be5 call$ great1 h be5 religioni/s1 & !re=e my/ics4 ,let u in/ance ,f>aday4 ,he belong$ all 8 life to a sect :i* mu/ be class$ among ! my/ics1 & he di$ a believ] 9 its cre$4 ,are we !n to class ?is ke5 obs]v]1 accurate inve/igator1 & brilliant logician1 ?is d>+ pione] ( sci5ce1 ?is +5i\s unravell] ( nature's secrets1 among ! deg5]ates8 ,if we d1 :]e %\ld we class av]age sci5ti/s1 includ+ ,nordau8 ,or %\ld we place ourselves 9 ! position ( ! common-s5se ,g]man ,phili/9e1 & decl>e t my/icism is n my/icism :5 x takes ! %ape ( ! belief ( a sect tol]at$ by ! police8 ,b is n ,f>aday's my/icism p]fectly compatible ) a s\nd m9d8 ,he 0 "o ( ^? sci5ti/s ) uncl\d$ reason+ p[]s1 ^: k--ga9$ by inve/igation1 n f au?orities--_h taught him h[ little he knew ( ! great my/]ies ( creation4 ,he recognis$ t our emotional crav+s _c be satisfi$ by sci5ce 9 its pres5t /age1 b only by emotional realization4 ,h5ce 8 religi\s attitude t[>ds ! great my/]i\s p[] ( :i* he knew no?+1 b ^: "w became m & m manife/ z 8 inve/igation proce$$4 ,:at wis] c\rse c\ld a man adopt1 :o 0 s capable ( di/+ui%+ ess5ce f =m1 ?an to give t =m to 8 religion :i* _h gratifi$ 8 emotional nature z a *ild8 ,if s\nd m9ds may be my/ically incl9$1 if our emotional nature c be rea*$ by my/icism 9 poetry & art1 & if our emotions are ackn[l$g$ to be receptive to elevat+ & pleas+ impressions1 ! pre-,raphaelites c\ld n all h be5 z deg5]ate z ,nordau w\ld h u believe4 ,!y 71 no d\bt1 emotionali/s1 my/ics1 & ev5 symboli/s1 & !y frankly claim$ ! "r to be reg>d$ z su*4 ,!y consid]$ !mselves z hav+ a mission1 & ! fact t a man ?r[s himself he>t & s\l into 8 mission is no sign ( deg5]ation4 ,n[1 !re are walks 9 life1 call+s1 missions1 :i* involve no risk to ^? :o und]take !m2 !re are o!rs t involve great risks4 ,"s call+s expose a man to bodily h>m1 o!rs to m5tal h>m4 ,no?+ c\ld be m un*>itable & cruel ?an to revile a man1 to attack 8 reputation1 to w\nd 8 feel+s1 & to l[] 8 self-e/eem1 because he returns maim$ & invalid$ aft] hav+ f\ght ! good fight4 ,a %opkeep]1 a %oemak]1 an au?or ( s5sational books1 runs b little risk ( damag+ ei!r 8 body or 8 m9d4 ,! sailor1 ! m9]1 ! lead] ( a revolution1 exposes himself to great bodily dang]4 ,! man :o acquires a va/ erudition may dull 8 imag9ation & 8 judgm5t2 ! man :o /ra9s 8 bra9 to ! utmo/1 :o1 p]haps1 ov]/ra9s x1 9 ! solution ( difficult problems1 ! man ^: mission lies 9 ! doma9 ( ! emotions1 exposes 8 m9d to injury4 ,if !re be tru? 9 ?is1 my/icism 9 poetry & art may cause deg5]ation 9 ! poet's or ! arti/'s m9d1 especially if x be a weak "o2 b to conclude f ?is t my/icism 9 art spr+s f diseas$ m9ds is to conf\nd cause ) effect4 ,if we accept ,nordau's ,phili/9e def9ition ( art & 8 views z to its mission1 my/icism w\ld h no place 9 art or 9 poetry4 ,he w\ld c]ta9ly exclude x1 b 9 do+ s he w\ld contradict himself gl>+ly4 ,we h already compla9$ t he does n expla9 8 /&>ds1 & t he does n give 8 ideals4 ,b f 8 "w be=e u1 x is evid5t t ! /&>d by :i* he w\ld measure poetry is ! "w ( ,goe! & ,%akespe>e1 especially ! =m]4 ,goe! owes 8 fame l>gely to 8 ,fau/--a my/ical "w if ev] !re 0 "o4 ,! prologue is religi\s my/icism1 ! fir/ "p is diabolism1 ! second "p is ar*-my/icism1 :i* s f> has resi/$ all attempts at int]pretation4 ,9 ! same mann] ,hamlet1 ,macbe?1 & o!r plays ( ,%akespe>e d]ive _! great *>m & _! arti/ic value l>gely f my/icism4 ,all ?is h[ev] does n prove t ei!r irrational or di%one/ my/icism is acceptable1 & mu* t ,nordau says reg>d+ pre-,raphaelitism %\ld be tak5 to he>t by ! camp-foll[]s ( ! movem5t4 ,9 ?is t]m we include1 ( c\rse1 ^? pa9t]s :o1 unable to draw & pa9t1 try to =ce _! pictures ^u ! m>ket by %e] b\nce2 & empty-head$ critics :o insol5tly assume a m5tal1 or1 z !y w\ld call x1 a spiritual1 sup]iority by writ+ obscure1 un9telligible rigm>oles 9 praise ( pictures :i* attract att5tion by means ( n\ght b _! ecc5tricity4 ,?is class ( p _c be consid]$ z repres5t+ ! pre-,raphaelite movem5t1 nor c !y be call$ deg5]ate 9 ! s5se ,nordau means1 = !re is a me?od 9 _! deg5]acy :i* yields p\nds1 %ill+s1 & p5ce4 ,we also include 9 ?is category a class ( p ^: conceit may bord] on deg5]acy1 & :o believe t any "o :o _c draw & pa9t is qualifi$ = a pre-,raphaelite pa9t]1 & :o s9c]ely assume & enjoy ! position z misund]/ood g5iuses4 ,z to ! cr[ds 9 ! exhibitions t ga!r be=e an incompreh5sible ecc5tricity made conspicu\s by ! log-roll+ process1 !y surely d n all des]ve ! epi!t ( deg5]ates4 ,_m are drawn !re by %e] curiosity2 o!rs damn ) fa9t praise1 9 ord] to escape ! wra? ( ! fanatic4 ,!re are also1 ( c\rse1 _m :o1 = ! purpose ( giv+ !mselves airs1 admire traits ( beauty :i* !y really fail to see4 ,! behavi\r ( ^! hypocritical /hetes is1 ( c\rse1 deplorable1 b !y yield to a weakness n conf9$ to ! end ( our c5tury4 ,&]s5's /ory ( ! k+'s clo!s1 inspir$ by a v old ,g]man tale1 is "o ( _m evid5ces ( ! antiquity ( su* folly4 ,! s9c]e pre-,raphaelites des]ve ! sympa?y ( e ?9k+ man1 ?\gh !y may be guilty ( _m imp]fections4 ,accord+ to ,nordau1 ! mission ( ! pa9t] is to s]ve z a vehicle ( beautiful impressions to ! public4 ,a man :o fulfill$ ?is mission might inde$ be call$ an arti/1 & 8 pa9t+ might be ! limits ( pa9t+ z su*4 ,b ?is does n prev5t a picture f conta9+ a /ory1 a moral1 or ! expression ( an emotion1 if ! pa9t] be a good /ory-tell]1 a true poet1 & a s\nd tea*]4 ,if a "w ( art c ?us fulfil two high purposes in/ead ( "o1 ev]ybody is a ga9] by x1 & ! fact t x is ! embodim5t ( two arts in/ead ( "o _c reasonably be made an objection4 ,! arti/ :o succe$s 9 ?us bl5d+ two arts %\ld surely n be call$ a deg5]ate4 ,rusk9 did n1 z ,nordau confesses1 advocate any neglect 9 ! art ( pa9t+ z su*1 b he w>n$ arti/s n to wa/e _! "t on unwor?y subjects4 ,he is a philan?ropi/ z well z a writ] on art1 & feels aggriev$ :5 ! arti/ neglects s good an opportunity ( tea*+ z a well-execut$ pa9t+ (f]s1 & yet m :5 he sees art abas$ 9 ord] to gratify s5suality or morbid crav+s = ! horrible4 ,t ,rusk9 did n s absolutely disreg>d beautiful pictures :i* h no /ory to tell & no tea*+ to imp>t becomes inconte/able :5 we rememb] 8 panegyrics ( ,turn]4 ,victor ,hugo 9 8 ,notre ,dame de ,p>is makes ,claude ,frollo say1 :5 he has a book 9 8 h& & ! old ca!dral be=e him1 t ! "o w kill ! o!r1 mean+1 ( c\rse1 t books 7 pr$e/9$ to sup]s$e symbolism 9 build+s & o!r arts4 ,nordau takes = grant$ t ?is has already be5 done4 ,he sees no good 9 works ( art giv+ expression to ideas & emotions :i* c\ld s mu* bett] be describ$ & m cle>ly def9$ 9 books4 ,b is !re n a great inconsi/5cy 9 fir/ admitt+ t art keeps )9 its rational limit :5 x pres5ts ! beauties ( nature to ! public 9 su* a mann] z to make !m m evid5t1 :i* is equal to tea*+ t nature is beautiful1 & !n to say t art ov]/eps its limits :5 x tea*es1 or attempts to tea*1 any?+ else8 ,if we survey all ! means available to humanity = ! conveyance ( ?\ghts & emotions1 !y pres5t a scale :i* beg9s by spee* & ends ) music4 ,?\gh x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t spee* only ) difficulty l5ds itself to ! expression ( "o or a consid]able numb] ( int]dep5d5t & int]tang5t complex ideas p]fectly cle> 9 a s\nd m9d1 x is h[ev] ! be/ means we possess = lucid expression4 ,writt5 prose has ! same m]it z spee*1 & may be us$ to express ! drie/ ma!matical facts1 z well z ! mo/ poetical imag9+s4 ,v]se1 we ?9k x w be g5]ally all[$1 is bett] calculat$ to convey poetical ideas & expressions1 z x admits ( great] lib]ty1 m /irr+ language1 bold] metaphors1 & because rhy?m & rhyme1 9 virtue ( _! musical qualities1 appeal to ! imag9ation & /ir ! emotions4 ,:5 to poetry melody is add$1 x becomes song1 a mode ( expression :i* appeals fully z mu* to our emotional nature z to our intellect4 ,:5 in/rum5tal music is add$ to song1 to evoke emotion becomes ! c>d9al object1 & intellect receives h>dly any impression4 ,music )\t words is ! mode ( convey+ emotions--& possibly ideas1 too subtle1 s to say1 too spiritual to be analys$ by ! intellect--9 s di/9ct a way t ! emotions ( ! compos]1 & may be ( ! p]=m]1 are fai?fully reproduc$ 9 ! he>]s4 ,a mutual und]/&+ is ?us e/abli%$ betwe5 !m z cle>ly z any und]/&+ arriv$ at ?r\gh exhau/ive v]bal explanation4 ,sci5ti/s h endeav\r$ to expla9 on mat]iali/ l9es ! *>m ex]cis$ by music ov] u1 b _! explanations obvi\sly nev] t\* m ?an ! me*anical motion ( ! s\nd-waves & ! receptive me*anism ( ! e> & ! bra94 ,_! dogmatiz+ is moreov] s dry1 halt+1 & "o-sid$ z to conv9ce musical p t _! attempt at explanation is hopeless4 ,music belongs to ! sph]e ( emotions1 :i* lie beyond ! k5 ( sci5ce1 & w be z long z sci5tific progression is hamp]$ by ! mat]iali/ bias4 ,& yet ! mo/ unimag9ative sci5ti/ w n d5y t all ! me?ods ( convey+ ideas & emotions enum]at$ 9 ! above scale1 includ+ in/rum5tal music1 are legitimate arts4 ,:y !n %\ld !re n be ! same latitude all[$ to ! arts appeal+ to u ?r\gh ! sight z to ^? appeal+ to u ?r\gh ! he>+8 ,if ! ar*itect1 sculptor1 or pa9t]1 or two ( !m1 or ev5 ?ree ( !m1 comb9$ 9 collaboration1 wi%+ to convey an impression1 or to evoke an emotion1 :y %\ld !y n be all[$ to d s by any ( ! means :i* fall )9 _! sph]e8 ,if !y %\ld wi% to evoke emotions simil> to ^? evok$ by music1 & !y c d s by *oos+ a c]ta9 subject1 by introduc+ c]ta9 symbols1 or ev5 by recall+ s5tim5ts ( ! pa/--! "t ( our fir/ love1 our y\?1 or ev5 our *ildhood1--:y %\ld !y n be free to d s8 ,! pre-,raphaelites claim ! fre$om to ?us exp& ! scope ( pictorial art1 to sanctify x1 & to make x appeal to ! inmo/ recesses ( our emotional nature2 & z ! movem5t 0 />t$ at a "t :5 art 0 9 decad5ce & t5d$ to become subs]vi5t1 abroad to pruri5cy1 & at home1 to abom9able ,phili/9ism1 ! pre-,raphaelites des]ve a bett] treatm5t ?an !y h receiv$ at ! h&s ( ,nordau4 ,t !y %\ld commit mi/akes 0 inevitable4 ,x is probable t !y _h n realiz$ completely to !mselves ! exact results to be aim$ at4 ,l ! compos] ( music1 !y wi%$ to convey to o!rs su* ( _! own emotions z !y deem$ legitimate1 beautiful1 & ennobl+1 & _h to grope 9 ! d>k1 or to tru/ to mom5t>y inspiration1 = ! means4 ,be+1 & wi%+ to be emotional1 !y may h neglect$ _! intellectual p[]s1 =gett+ t ev5 :5 emotion reigns supreme x c express itself truly only by ! aid ( intellig5ce4 ,vivid emotions & p[]ful imag9ations are n 9 !mselves /igmata ( deg5]ation1 b r ! signs ( a ri* m9d1 s long z !y rema9 "u ! control ( ! intellect4 ,x is only :5 !y run riot1 unhe$+ ! criticism ( intellect1 t ! balance ( ! m9d is imp]ill$4 ,9 _! desire to emphasize ! spiritual mean+ & ! emotional nature ( _! works1 ! pre-,raphaelites may h committ$ ! mi/ake ( neglect+ execution1 tru?fulness to nature1 & ! laws ( optics4 ,f9d+ pictures appreciat$ by ! public 9 virtue ( ! subject & ! conception1 despite faulty treatm5t1 _m ( !m no d\bt h be5 induc$ to realize _! ideas & emotions on canvas be=e !y _h suffici5tly tra9$ _! eye & _! h&4 ,e educat$ ,engli%man w und]/& t ,nordau some:at di/orts facts & conveys wrong impressions 9 ! acc\nt he gives ( ! movem5t4 ,?\gh ! pre-,raphaelite ,bro!rhood 0 dissolv$1 ! movem5t has n be5 s devoid ( results z he ins9uates4 ,?\gh ! fir/ exhibition ( ! ,bro!rhood 0 also ! la/ "o1 pictures by ! same arti/ h be5 con/antly exhibit$1 & "s ( !m h fet*$ fabul\s prices4 ,he says t ,millais1 among/ o!rs1 has reta9$ t *>act]i/ic ( ! pre-,raphaelite ,bro!rhood consi/+ ( m9ut5ess 9 details1 drap]ies1 & backgr\nds4 ,any "o :o has se5 ,millais' /rik+ portraits1 8 8,*]ry ,ripe10 8,bubbles10 8,call] ,h]r+s10 & o!r pictures c\ld n possibly make su* an ass]tion4 ,we mu/1 ( c\rse1 all[ = ! circum/ance t ,nordau's k ( ! pictures he criticises is second-h&4 ,x is evid5t t he has n se5 ,millais' late/ pictures4 ,_h he done s1 he w\ld n h jeop>diz$ 8 :ole sy/em ( reason+ by hold+ ,millais up z an example ( deg5]ation4 ,"h1 z 9 _m o!r cases1 ,nordau1 :ile exhibit+ an enorm\s erudition1 reveals a rem>kable want ( logic4 ,to call ,millais deg5]ate is a desp]ate way out ( a dilemma 9 :i* he has l&$ himself by ass]t+1 on ! "o h&1 t ^? :o pa9t pictures su* z ,millais pa9t$ ye>s ago are p ) deg5]ate bra9s1 &1 on ! o!r1 t p :o produce pictures su* z ,millais pa9ts n[ are p ( s\nd m9d4 ,if deg5]ation is ! fir/ /ep t[>ds a high1 normal1 & s\nd developm5t1 ,nordau has be5 guilty ( mu* ado ab\t no?+4 ,_h he ev] beheld ,holman ,hunt's 8,%ad[ ( ! ,cross0 ev5 9 an engrav+1 he c\ld n 9 8 description ( x h committ$ ! mi/akes he has unless 8 m9d is imp]vi\s to pictorial impressions4 ,he says t 8! %ad[ ( 8 7,*ri/'s7 body fall+ on ! gr\nd %[s ! =m ( a cross40 ,?is is n true4 ,! %ad[ ( ,*ri/'s body falls on ! wall1 :]e a tool %elf & susp5d$ tools simulate a cross4 ,nordau's errone\s description w c]ta9ly prejudice ^? :o h n se5 ! picture aga9/ ,holman ,hunt4 ,x is natural t ! mat]iali/1 ! pseudo-sci5tifically sup]/iti\s1 & ! ,phili/9e t5d5cies ( our age1 s em95tly embodi$ 9 ! m9d ( ,nordau1 & aga9/ :i* ! pre-,raphaelite s*ool is a prote/1 %\ld militate aga9/ a fair appreciation ( ! t5tative dep>ture ( ^! innovators4 ,! ess5ce ( _! my/icism & _! symbolism is _! belief 9 :at1 = lack ( a bett] t]m1 has be5 call$ _! spiritual life--! belief t ! m9d is n a condition ( matt]1 b t our ?9k+ ,ego might h exi/$ be=e x 0 inc>nat$1 & t x w live aft] our body has decay$4 ,c\ld our e>?ly exi/5ce be prov$ f9ite ) c]ta9ty1 c\ld any future exi/5ce be prov$ a va9 dream1 incompatible ) reason1 !n inde$ w\ld pre-,raphaelitism be ! beg9n+ ( folly1 z1 9 fact1 w\ld mo/ ( ! ?+s :i* n[ t5d to light5 & beautify our lives4 ,we %all n "h endeav\r to det]m9e ! five-?\s&-ye>-old discussion reg>d+ et]nal life4 ,we %all simply po9t out t ! pro(s on :i* ! s-call$ mat]iali/s base _! conclusions are n s absolutely conv9c+ z to /igmatize _! oppon5ts z lunatics4 ,any "o :o has glanc$ at ! developm5t ( sci5ce f old times up to ! pres5t is well aw>e ( t weakness 9 ! m9d ( sci5ti/s--especially ! non-pione] sci5ti/s--:i* induces !m to believe t ! conclusions !y h arriv$ at1 g5]ally 9 opposition to pr$ecessors1 are ! :ole tru? & no?+ b ! tru?4 ,= ?\s&s ( ye>s x has be5 ! same4 ,= ea* /ep t sci5ce has climb$ upw>ds1 its vot>ies1 ) a few brilliant exceptions1 h believ$ !mselves to be at ! top1 & h ) scorn reject$1 z %e] folly1 any sugge/ion t ! /ep on :i* !y /& is rott5 & t !re are s\nd] /eps high] up4 ,! sci5ti/s ( o!r days 9 _! turn look$ ^u ,columbus1 ,galileo1 & ,ty*o ,brahe z fools4 ,a hundr$ ye>s ago ! sci5ti/s w\ld h laugh$ to scorn any "o :o _h told !m t _! s5ses deceiv$ !m ) reg>d to light1 d>kness1 col\rs1 sil5ce & s\nd1 & t all ^! pres5tations receiv$ by our s5ses 7 simply movem5t or manife/ations ( en]gy4 ,! !ory :i* reg>d$ atoms z m9ute subdivisions ( matt] is q a mod]n dogma1 & yet x is already tott]+ to its fall4 ,m rational sci5ti/s already speak ( atoms z c5tres ( =ce1 an expression :i* tw5ty ye>s ago 0 reg>d$ z rank h]esy4 ,if ! !ory t atoms are c5tres ( =ce is accept$1 ) all its consequ5ces1 sci5ce is on ! ?re%old ( a new dep>ture :i* may cause ! mat]iali/s to look small inde$2 = if :at to our s5ses appe>s z matt] is a condition ( =ce1 in/ead ( =ce be+ a condition ( matt]1 a vi/a entirely opposite to t ( ! mat]iali/s is op5 to sci5ce--a vi/a disclos+ possibilities be=e :i* we might well /& 9 awe4 ,?\gh x is inconte/able t inv5tion & discov]y h be5 enorm\sly accel]at$ by (t5 app>5tly wild sugge/ions by ! imag9ation1 by emotion1 & by in/9ct1 x is especially su* sugge/ions :i* are visit$ by ! mo/ furi\s onslaughts on ! "p ( ! sup]/iti\s sci5ti/s4 ,:5 ^! reject z utt] folly imag9+s prompt$ by fai? or any o!r emotions1 x is because su* sugge/ions are n only entirely out ( h>mony ) ! sci5tific ideas ( ! mom5t1 b because !y appe> s extraord9>y1 s utt]ly de/ructive to ! views famili> to !m4 ,!y w\ld be less positive 9 face ( sugge/ions & speculations ju/ifi$ by emotion1 if !y did n con/antly =get t e sci5tific discov]y reveals facts :i* are n only diametrically oppos$ to op9ions previ\sly held1 b also s m>vell\s z to baffle human und]/&+4 ,be>+ rec5t sci5tific discov]y 9 m9d1 no "o w d5y ! folly ( ! man :o a hundr$ ye>s ago w\ld h prophetically decl>$3 8,:at we n[ h prov$ true & reasonable w 9 a hundr$ ye>s be prov$ error & folly1 & :at to u n[ appe>s z %e] madness & rank impossibility w !n be sci5tific tru?40 ,any contempor>y sci5ti/1 unaffect$ by sci5tific sup]/ition1 w\ld unhesitat+ly ackn[l$ge ! probability ( pres5t sci5tific dogmas be+ decl>$ errors1 & t :at w\ld n[ appe> z ! halluc9ations ( an ov]heat$ imag9ation may become sci5tific tru? a c5tury h5ce4 ,?\gh ! n>r[-m9d$ sci5ti/ :o takes up 8 /& on ! s f> explor$ speck ( ! univ]se has no "r to blame ! arti/ or poet :o1 guid$ by emotion & fai?1 plunges 8 imag9ation into ! surr\nd+ abyss ( ! my/ical1 :i* no well-balanc$ m9d c ignore1 x w\ld be bo? unju/ & absurd to blame ! prosaic & plodd+ sci5ti/ :o conc5trates 8 :ole m9d on sci5tific details1 &1 to use a happy metaphor ( ,nordau himself1 is build+ a bridge1 ar* by ar*1 out into ! unkn[n4 ,x is good t ! ,alp9e climb] %\ld conc5trate 8 att5tion on ! /eps he hews 9 ! ice & ! safe re/+-po9t he c f9d = 8 feet1 & n all[ 8 m9d to w&] 9 ! d>k precipice bel[ him or among ! l(ty peaks he hopes to rea*4 ,man be+ two p]sonalities1 "o emotional1 ! o!r intellectual1 /&s 9 ne$ ( ! s]vices ( bo? ! logical sci5ti/ & ! emotional arti/ & poet4 ,once x has be5 recognis$ t ! emotions may be convey$ by pictorial art1 we _c qu>rel ) ! raison d'tre ( ! pre-,raphaelites1 ?\gh we might disagree ) !m z to ! means !y are us+4 ,!y c h[ev] ju/ly dem& t ^? :o criticise _! means ( expression %\ld %[ ! possibility ( bett] ones4 ,holman ,hunt has aim$ at evok+ by 8 pictures a feel+ ( respect & admiration = religion1 & 9 _m cases has succe$$2 & ! means he has employ$ are a rev]5tial treatm5t1 a /yle ( old associat$ ) religi\s repres5tations & sugge/ions ( ! sup]natural4 ,burne ,jones1 ^: object seems to be to emphasize ! high] significance ( our spiritual be+ ov] our bodily1 does s by giv+ u pictures ( maid5s ^: beauty is ( a k9d devoid ( all ^? attractions :i* coquetry1 rogui%ness1 animal spirits1 & exub]ance ( heal? may conf]4 ,_! vacant & inw>d look sugge/s a contemplative mood & a ye>n+ to see ! invisible4 ,z if to /ill fur!r quick5 ! sluggi% imag9ation ( ! masses1 he cloaks 8 figures 9 drap]ies & surr\nds !m by objects :i* ( old h be5 us$ 9 repres5t+ holy p4 ,he comes z ne> z possible to ! repres5tation ( w+less angels1 )\t pres5t+ any?+ t c\ld n be se5 9 reality4 ,su* pictures may n appeal to ev]ybody1 b we h ov]:elm+ evid5ce t !y d appeal to a great numb]2 & if ! belief 9 a sup]iority ov] animals1 9 a spiritual p]sonality1 9 a responsibility = our developm5t1 & 9 a future life contributes to our happ9ess & ex]cises an ennobl+ influ5ce on our race1 ! pictures ( ,burne ,jones _c be ! "w ( a deg5]ate aim+ at ! deg5]ation ( o!rs4 ,:at by _m is consid]$ ,rossetti's ma/]piece1 8,dante's ,dream10 w\ld by a pa9t]1 9 8 capacity ( craftsman1 be f\nd to conta9 _m defects1 & only "o great m]it--exquisite col\r+4 ,! conception is ecc5tric1 ! surr\nd+s are symbolic & my/ical1 & ! anatomy is incorrect4 ,!re are faults ( p]spective1 "s ( !m gl>+4 ,= in/ance1 ! left %\ld] ( ! angel ( love :o /&s on ! left h& ( ,beatrice1 fac+ h] & b5d+ ov] h]1 is p>tly hidd5 by ,beatrice's "r %\ld]1 :i* c\ld n be possible 9 reality unless ! two figures _h only two dim5sions--height & bread?1 ) no ?ickness4 ,& yet ?is picture has be5 b\ght by ! ,corporation ( ,liv]pool = a l>ge sum1 & is consid]$ z a ?+ ( joy & beauty by a mass ( p among :om ,nordau c\ld detect b a few ) mal=mations ( ! heads & ! e>s1 & :o 9 ! :ole ( _! life h giv5 abundant pro( ( practical rationalism f> great] ev5 ?an t ( ! sup]/iti\s peasant he in/ances z hav+ a s\nd m9d4 ,! *>m ( ! picture does n lie 9 ! execution1 b 9 ! conception4 ,x is probable t x evokes exactly ! same emotion felt by ,rossetti :ile pa9t+ x4 ,! subject be+ a dream1 ! _m symbols t5d to ?r[ ! spectator into ! mood 9 :i* ! picture %\ld be contemplat$4 ,!re is an atmosph]e ( ,sabba?--pres5tim5t ( bliss--:i* is produc$ by ! introduction ( su* pres5tations :i* 9 our y\? or *ildhood h be5 associat$ ) t day4 ,! arti/ has succe$$ 9 int5sify+ ! belief 9 ! sacr$ness ( love & ! consolations :i*1 amid ! tr\bles ( life1 may be drawn f ! fai? 9 a spiritual exi/5ce4 ,! conceiv+ & repres5t+ ( pictures l ?is1 ! outcome ( int5se emotion1 might well endang] ! balance ( ! pa9t]'s m9d1 b ! soo?+ influ5ce !y ex]cise on ! spectator w\ld surely assuage r ?an excite any re/less m9d :i*1 depriv$ ( a pr(\nd philosophy & a f>-rea*+ sci5tific k1 mu/ ne$s cl+ to fai?4 ,! pa9t] :o produces on ! canvas a beautiful sc5e f nature1 beautiful fl[]s1 or o!r beautiful objects1 pleases & elevates ! behold]s ( ! picture4 ,nordau admits z mu*4 ,b he does n analyse ! me?ods by :i* ?is result is accompli%$4 ,he w\ld probably n d5y t "o ( ! feel+s :i* su* a picture calls =? is a sympa?y ) nature & ! ,creator1 & t ?is sympa?y fav\rs ! conception ( ! di/9ct idea t ! great p[] ( ! univ]se sugge/$ by natural beauties--z ! pa9t] is sugge/$ by ! picture--loves ! beautiful1 & consequ5tly ! good4 ,! signification ( ! pre-,raphaelites 9 ! progress ( art is t !y /rive to tea*1 9 ! production ( gr\ps & figures1 simil> emotions & ?\ghts to ^? produc$ by ! repres5tation ( natural beauties4 ,!y h !re=e contribut$ consid]ably to ! elevation ( art s f> z aims & subjects g4 ,if !y believe t a purpose c be atta9$ only by ! imitation ( ! unskill$ pre-,raphaelite pa9t]s1 by violat+ nature1 by elim9at+ p]spective1 & by apo!osiz+ ugl9ess1 !y d n fur!r t reg5]ation :i* we believe !y are /riv+ =4 ,b !re is e reason to hope t mod]n art w come out ennobl$ f ! crisis into :i* x has be5 plung$1 & t ris+ pa9t]s w see _! way to pa9t rev]5tly & realize _! noble/ aims & highe/ ideals1 repres5t$ 9 naturally beautiful =ms1 pa9t$ ) ! greate/ skill ( a pa9t] pr\d ( 8 craft4 ,:e!r ?is hope be realiz$ or n1 x seems to u t a reg5]ation ( art w\ld be impossible )\t ! attempts at new dep>ture :i* ,nordau has mi/ak5 = deg5]ation4 ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,bankruptcy ,,( ,,sci5ce ,9 8 *apt] entitl$ 8,symbolism0 ,nordau seeks confirmation = 8 !ory ( deg5]ation 9 ! t5d5cy1 m or less p]ceptible all ! _w ov]1 on ! "p ( contempor>y arti/s & poets1 to h rec\rse to symbols 9 giv+ expression to ideas & emotions impossible to convey 9 ord9>y language4 ,e "o :o has _h to d ) intricate syn!ses ( ideas1 ev5 ( ! drie/ & ! mo/ cle>ly def9able k9d1 is well aw>e t language (t5 appe>s inadequate to convey su* syn!ses f "o m9d to ano!r4 ,h[ mu* m difficult !n mu/ x be to convey 9 exact language a pres5tation conjur$ up f ! imag9ation1 an arti/ic conception1 a poetical mood1 a /rong emotion1 or a *ord ( emotions1 to use an expression t may 9 itself s]ve z an illu/ration4 ,! use ( symbols1 z we h j us$ ! ^w *ord1 has n only enorm\sly wid5$ ! capability ( language1 b has r5d]$ x f> m lucid1 laconic1 & agreeable4 ,a mod]n orator1 or writ]1 c\ld n possibly disp5se ) symbols1 = )\t !m 8 spee*es or 8 books w\ld be int5sely wordy1 tiresome1 & difficult to compreh5d4 ,language is con/antly be+ enri*$ by new symbols1 ei!r inv5t$ & introduc$ by au?ors1 or tak5 f su* lit]>y works z h become classic4 ,(t5 an au?or creates a "* or an idea :i* typifies *>act]s & situations frequ5tly met )1 & = :i* symbols h long be5 ne$$4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ,&]s5's ,ugly ,duckl+ became a symbol l>gely us$ z soon z 8 fable 0 publi%$1 & :5 ,ibs5's ,doll's ,h\se 0 play$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ,london1 "o newspap]1 :i*1 by ! way1 took ,nordau's view ( ,ibs5 & decl>$ 8 *>act]s impossible1 9 ano!r article1 if we rememb] aright1 on ! subject ( m>riage1 us$ ) great effect ,ibs5's ,nora z a symbol4 ,b su* symbols are z old z language1 & ! new t5d5cy ( littrateurs :o call !mselves1 or :o are call$1 symboli/s1 is n to inv5t & to use symbols t /& = well-kn[n & p]fectly undisput$ *>act]s & situations1 b su* z repres5t new ideas1 difficult to def9e1 or undef9able1 because incomplete1 & conc]n+ emotions4 ,! same au?ors are also prone to use symbols = ?+s1 be+s1 & p[]s1 ! exi/5ce ( :i* has n be5 asc]ta9$ by ! s5ses1 b simply guess$ at1 or evolv$ f consci\sness4 ,_m su* symbols 7 n symbols :5 fir/ introduc$ into ! language1 b n\ns t /ood = ?+s1 or be+s1 suppos$ to be p]fectly real4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ! ^w 8devil10 :i* 9 old5 times /ood = a satanic maje/y1 adorn$ ) horns & tail1 has n[ become a conv5i5t symbol1 a ?+ only too real1 b cov]+ su* imm5se gr\nd1 & pres5t+ su* innum]able aspects1 t a symbol express+ ! :ole conception is extremely conv5i5t4 ,no?+ is common] ?an to he> a cl]gyman use ! words 8! devil0 9 8 s]mon1 ?\gh x be "p ( 8 cre$ & ( 8 tea*+s t ,god is s omnipres5t ?r\gh\t ! univ]se t !re is n a squ>e in* = a p]sonal devil to place 8 foot on4 ,x is ?is k9d ( symbolism :i* ,nordau is b5t on crucify+ z deg5]ation4 ,z we h already said1 !re is a g5]al t5d5cy among arti/s to indulge 9 x1 9 ord] to produce moods & sugge/ emotions4 ,?us1 = example1 9 ! picture spok5 ( 9 our la/ *apt]1 8,dante's ,dream10 an atmosph]e ( love is repres5t$ by r$ birds1 & sleep is repres5t$ by poppies /rewn on ! floor4 ,9 ,rossetti's picture ,nordau w\ld h tak5 objection to su* symbols1 ?\gh he seems reconcil$ to ! symbols us$ by ,raphael & 8 s*ool1 & w\ld probably n object to ^? ( ,g]man allegorical pa9t]s & sculptors4 ,x is significant t ! symbolism :i* he mo/ vehem5tly holds up z a /igma ( deg5]ation1 is t ( ! mod]n ,fr5* poets :o h made religi\s symbolism _! speciality4 ,x is n difficult to see :y ^! h be5 *os5 z ! scapegoats = ! symbolism ( e art & e c\ntry4 ,x is true !y boldly call !mselves symboli/s4 ,b ?is w\ld n be en\gh to elicit f ,nordau a *apt] ( =ty-five pages4 ,besides call+ !mselves symboli/s1 !y h ! audacity to be ,fr5*4 ,_! symbolism is religi\s1 &1 :at is worse1 is ,roman ,ca?olic1 &1 :at is wor/ ( all1 x is antagoni/ic to sci5ce4 ,?\gh ! n[ prevail+ love = symbols does n always manife/ itself 9 a religi\s way1 x is natural = x to f9d its wide/ application 9 spee*es & writ+s on religion4 ,religion av[$ly deals ) ?+s n ( ?is e>?1 is bas$ n on k & inve/igation1 b on fai?1 & appeals n to our intellect1 b to our emotional nature4 ,! ,fr5* symboli/s h creat$ great] sympa?y ) _! religi\s views ?an might h be5 expect$ 9 our rational times because1 unlike ! ,ca?olic cl]gy ( ! pa/1 !y treat z symbols :at be=e 7 consid]$ z repres5tations ( actual facts4 ,!y are n or?odox2 & if ! ,*ur* ( ,rome is anxi\s1 z x seems to be1 to turn ?is neo-,ca?olicism into a means ( resum+ its influ5ce1 x c only d s by enorm\sly mod]niz+ its fundam5tal ideas4 ,x w be int]e/+ to see :e!r ! ,*ur* ( ,rome w accept ! symboli/s z co-op]ators1 or f9ally spurn !m z h]etics4 ,:at especially r\ses ! animosity ( ,nordau aga9/ ! symboli/s is ! fact t ! new movem5t is bas$ on ! supposition t sci5ce is bankrupt1 or1 9 o!r words1 t x has fail$ 9 all its promises to humanity2 t x has usurp$ ! ?rone ( religion "u false pret5ces2 & t its incapacity to supplant religion has be5 demon/rat$ by ! late/ sci5tific discov]ies4 ,accord+ to ! idea und]ly+ ! ,fr5* symboli/ movem5t1 sci5ce has dur+ ! pres5t c5tury aim$ at ! de/ruction ( religion1 & has caus$ religion to be neglect$1 discr$it$1 & scorn$4 ,su* a movem5t f\nd$ on su* premises & aim+ at su* aims mu/ be ( ! greate/ int]e/ to any man :o wat*es att5tively ! developm5t ( our race4 ,to /udy its true cause1 its real nature1 & its real aims %\ld be ! desire ( e e>ne/ inve/igator2 & if ,nordau falls back on obloquy1 indelicate ins9uations1 & blunt accusations1 aft] ! fa%ion ( ! militant lit]ati ( ! pa/1 ! reason ( 8 animosity is easily expla9$4 ,nordau1 l _m sci5ti/s be=e him & ) him1 has tak5 sides 9 ! absurd fight--! qu]elle allem&e--betwe5 sci5ce & religion1 :i* has done s mu* to discr$it bo?4 ,to ! unprejudic$ obs]v]1 any sci5ti/ :o jo9s 9 ! fray is induc$ to d s by 8 inability to di/+ui% betwe5 religion & *ur*1 & consequ5tly to realize t ! :ole progress ( sci5ce dur+ ! pres5t c5tury has _h ! result1 among/ _m o!rs1 ( ju/ify+ su* an attitude ( m9d t[>ds ,god1 ! orig9al cause1 univ]sal en]gy1 or :atev] sci5ti/s *oose to call x1 :i* religion implies4 ,:oev] di/+ui%es betwe5 *ur* & religion w at once und]/& t an asc5d5cy ( religi\s views ?r\gh\t ! _w may be p]fectly compatible ) ! decay ( sect>ian dogmas1 & t !re=e _m ph5om5a :i* appe> to indicate ! decay ( religi\s views--su* z *ur*-go+1 = example--may 9 reality mean a deep] religi\s life4 ,if we take a compreh5sive view ( t progress 9 religi\s views :i* has be5 accel]at$ by sci5ce1 we %all f9d t *ur*-go+1 ! ros>y1 & ! images ( ! sa9ts indicate ! prelim9>y /ages ( a religi\s evolution :i* 9 its lat] developm5t requires tru] expressions4 ,s long z we h su* a numb] ( sects & *ur*es1 _m ( :i* diff] ess5tially1 & all ( :i* diff] to "s ext5t1 x _c affect any "o's feel+s to be told t *ur* is n religion4 ,x is ?is tru? t sci5ce has acc5tuat$1 & ! inevitable consequ5ce has be5 t ! *ur*es1 ?\gh !y at fir/ might h vehem5tly oppos$ c]ta9 sci5tific facts1 & yet m c]ta9 ra% speculations f\nd$ on !m1 h aft]w>ds quietly /riv5 to modify _! views & _! dogmas s t !y %\ld n cla% ) absolute sci5tific tru?s4 ,t _m su* attempts at reconciliation betwe5 sci5ce & *ur*es h be5 feeble & absurd does n disprove1 b confirms1 ! exi/5ce ( ! above t5d5cy4 ,?\gh p]haps x w\ld be difficult to give a true def9ition ( religion z di/+ui%$ f *ur*1 ! conception :i* e ?9k+ man =ms ( x is probably cle> en\gh to all[ him to realize t "s *ur*es are f>!r f ! ideal ?an o!rs4 ,if x be true t ! progress ( sci5ce has be5 in/rum5tal 9 impell+ ! developm5t ( *ur*es 9 ! direction ( a future religion ( ideal beauty & ideal tru?1 & t su* a religion mu/ necess>ily be 9 complete h>mony ) sci5tific facts1 !n ! animosity ( sci5ce & religion is to a s\nd m9d incompreh5sible4 ,yet ,nordau unhesitat+ly takes = grant$ t religion & sci5ce are naturally antagoni/ic4 ,he takes v s]i\sly ! assumption ( ! ,fr5* neo-,ca?olics t h5ce=? sci5ce w h to make room = religion4 ,_h he any s5se ( hum\r1 he w\ld n h ?us betray$ h[ jal\sie de mti] animates him to no small ext5t4 ,he mixes up sci5ce & ! sci5ti/s 9 a mo/ amus+ mann] :5 he comp>es ! neglect$ sci5ti/ ) ! idoliz$ sa9t1 & asks1 8,:at sa9tly leg5d is z beautiful z ! life ( an enquir] :o sp5ds 8 exi/5ce b5d+ ov] ! microscope80 ,does our ali5i/ aspire to g d[n to po/]ity ) a halo ar\nd 8 head8 ,he regrets ! good old "t :5 ! daily ,press ( t date said1 8,we live 9 a sci5tific age10 :5 8! news ( ! day report$ ! travels & ! m>riages ( sci5ti/s1 ! feuilleton novels conta9$ witty allusions to ,d>w91 etc40 ,nordau completely d5ies t !re is any f\ndation = ! ass]tion ( ! ,fr5* symboli/s t sci5ce has become bankrupt--t x has n fulfill$ its promises to humanity4 ,9 ord] to refute x1 he gives u ! long li/ ( sci5tific a*ievem5ts to :i* sci5ti/s :o militate aga9/ religion h accu/om$ u1 beg9n+ ) spectrum analysis & f9i%+ up ) in/antane\s photography4 ,he dem&s = sci5ce ! respect & tru/ ( humanity1 n only on ! gr\nd ( :at sci5ce has accompli%$1 b also on ! gr\nd ( :at x w accompli%4 ,8 fai? 9 8 mission des]ves s9c]e admiration1 & proves him to be "o ( ^? e>ne/ en?usia/s :o alone c advance humanity4 ,b he does n see t 8 prophecies reg>d+ future a*ievem5ts are n sci5ce1 b fai? & religion--bas$1 x is true1 on reasonable gr\nds1 b /ill fai? & religion4 ,nor does he see t 8 pr\d assev]ation ( ! a*ievem5ts ( sci5ce1 & 8 prophecy ) reg>d to its future1 d n con/itute a refutation to ! cry ( ! symboli/s t sci5ce is bankrupt4 ,! promises :i* ! symboli/s ref] to z be+ di%on\r$ by sci5ce1 are n ( ! k9d t c\ld possibly be r$eem$ by ! a*ievem5ts ref]r$ to 9 ,nordau's spl5did li/4 ,!y allude to promises n really made by sci5ce1 b by ra% & prejudic$ sci5ti/s4 ,^! h ov] & ov] aga9 proclaim$ t religion _h be5 supplant$ by sci5ce1 & t sci5ce c\ld1 or else soon w\ld1 expla9 all ^? my/]ies :i* religion claim$ to expla9 or to symbolize1 su* z fir/ causes1 f9al aims1 exi/5ce or non-exi/5ce be=e bir? & aft] dea?1 ! orig9 ( evil1 ! ess5ce ( morality1 & s on4 ,sci5ce1 accord+ to !m1 0 n only to br+ ab\t p]fect s]5ity 9 man's m9d reg>d+ himself & ! univ]se1 b to satisfy ! my/]i\s long+s & ! uncontrollable emotions1 ei!r h]$it>y1 or "p ( man's nature1 :i* hi!rto religion alone _h satisfi$4 ,sci5ce 0 also to supply rational motives = purity1 morality1 self-sacrifice1 & all ! virtues & ex]tions :i* are indisp5sable to ! elevation ( our race4 ,f9ally1 sci5ce 0 to trans=m u into an ideal race1 liv+ 9 an ideal mann]1 ?us sub/itut+ a t]re/rial heav5 = humanity1 = ! spiritual heav5 :i* religion promis$ = ! individual4 ,nordau _c blame ! sci5ti/s :o made ^! promises2 = ! :ole ( 8 book %[s t he is 9 entire sympa?y ) !m4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 ! educat$ _w believ$ 9 ! arrogant promises ( ! sci5ti/s2 :5 x confid5tly expect$ t my/]ies1 s f> unexpla9$1 w\ld be cle>$ up )9 a reasonable "t1 & t sy/ems & speculation1 :i* 7 to take ! place ( religion1 w\ld gradually be s am5d$ z to become capable ( fulfill+ s great an object4 ,b ! rapid sci5tific discov]ies :i* foll[$ "o ^u ea* o!r1 f> f t5d+ to fulfil ! promises ( ! sci5ti/s1 _h ! effect ( p]suad+ ! _w t sci5ce 0 n go+ to keep any ( ^! promises4 ,= ea* my/]y x unravell$ reveal$ a s]ies ( new my/]ies beh9d x1 & ! explanatory task ( sci5ce grew ) its own progress4 ,9 fact1 :ile ! explanations increas$ by simple ari?metical progression1 ! my/]ies rose up 9 geometrical progression4 ,at ! same "t bett] s*ools1 public lectures1 & innum]able p]iodicals initiat$ ! masses into ! secrets ( ! sci5tific freemasonry1 & p began to p]ceive t :at !y1 9 _! awe ( sci5ce1 believ$ to be p]fect k ( ! v ess5ce ( ! _w-ph5om5on 0 only a s]ies ( acute obs]vations1 an intellig5t classification1 back$ by arbitr>y speculations & ! sup]/iti\s fai? 9 ! omnipot5ce ( sci5ce1 culm9at+ simply 9 a b>r5 religion ( humanity4 ,z to et]nity & inf9ity ( space1 all t sci5ce c\ld d 0 to tell ! masses n to tr\ble _! heads ab\t !m2 z to causality1 !y 7 ask$ to reg>d x simply z 8a =m ( ?\ght :i* _h no?+ to d ) ! ph5om5a40 ,z to morality1 ! religion ( humanity seem$ extremely untru/wor?y3 = ! removal ( all p]sonal responsibility1 & ! c]ta9ty ( complete annihilation aft] dea?1 seem$ to give ! /rong-m9d$ & clev] p ! /ronge/ possible inducem5t to make _! fell[-be+s tools = _! own happ9ess4 ,! promis$ e>?ly p>adise 0 n only ?\s&s ( ye>s ahead 9 "t1 b 0 to be con/itut$ on pr9ciples :i* ev5 a sup]ficial k ( economy & sociology 0 b\nd to expose z an ,inf]no4 ,x 0 natural !n t a great numb] ( p1 unable to climb to ! height ( ab/ract & unsatisfactory reason+ ( ! k9d t ! sci5ti/s _h atta9$ to1 & ^: emotional nature utt]ly rebell$ aga9/ a progression :i* 0 int5d$ con/antly to violate _! be/ in/9cts1 %\ld spurn sci5ce1 :i* (f]$ !m no o!r comp5sation ?an fre$om f p]sonal responsibility4 ,x 0 n only ! holl[ arrogance ( ! sci5ti/s & ! failure ( sci5ce to fulfil ! promises ( its sup]/iti\s vot>ies :i* _h creat$ disgu/ ) sci5tific a!ism3 ! practical results ( ! anti-religi\s t5d5cies became al>m+ly app>5t2 exp]i5ce began to prove t ! disc>d+ ( all p]sonal responsibility did n produce ! ultra man--d] ,ueb]m5s*--( :i* ! sci5ti/s claim$ to be ! prototypes4 ,_m ( !m _h be5 9 ! habit ( speak+ scornfully ( ^? selfi% natures :o live irreproa*able lives1 & :o devote !mselves to ! promotion ( ! good ( _! fell[-m5 "u ! impression t 9 a future /ate !y w\ld reap _! rew>d4 ,! a!i/-sci5ti/ repres5t$ himself z a man ( diff]5t metal3 he 0 fully z moral z ! religioni/2 he sp5t 8 life 9 s]v+ humanity1 well kn[+ t 8 self-control & self-sacrifice w\ld br+ him no rew>d2 he did 8 duty1 n induc$ by any mean1 religi\s consid]ation1 b because he 0 a p]fect man4 ,! less] mortals1 ^? f ^: ranks ! symboli/s are recruit$1 began to ent]ta9 d\bts ( ! infallibility ( ^! fir/-fruits ( ! religion ( humanity4 ,! v arrogance ( ^! p]fect m5 told aga9/ !m4 ,if !y disbeliev$ 9 ! rew>ds ( a future life1 !y 7 n av]se to ! rew>ds 9 ?is1 & eag]ly accept$ ! money & ! di/9ction _! works br\ght !m4 ,!re 0 especially ?is ab\t !m3 !y unhesitat+ly attack$ t :i* ! masses c\ld alone rely on = moral guidance1 equanimity1 consolation1 & enc\ragem5t--religion--:ile ! religion ( humanity 0 ?\s&s ( ye>s 9 ! future1 & ?us left ! p a prey to m5tal bewild]m5t1 d\bt1 & unre/ra9$ passions4 ,! sci5ti/ /ood accus$ ( act+ l a man depriv+ a cripple ( 8 only crut*1 aga9/ ! promise ( supply+ 8 remote desc5dants ) bett] ones4 ,b a!ism _h a f> worse effect on ord9>y mortals1 :o _h n to su/a9 a reputation z apo/les ( ! new sci5tific cre$4 ,conv9c$ t no p]sonal responsibility atta*$ to !m1 & c>+ little = :at w\ld happ5 to ! next g5]ation1 or /ill less to g5]ations ?\s&s ( ye>s h5ce1 !y tri$ to p]suade !mselves t consci5ce 0 an inh]it$ weakness1 develop$ by evolution1 or a product ( wrong religi\s tea*+4 ,wi%+ to rise above su* a weakness1 !y did _! be/ to sil5ce consci5ce1 & to live = self-gratification4 ,9 ?is mann] selfi%ness1 if n ,egomania1 0 /rongly develop$4 ,capitali/s & politicians /rove to acquire weal? & p[]1 reg>dless ( o!r p's rights1 ( _! own consci5ce1 & ( _! s5se ( hon\r1 s long z _! di%on\r 0 kn[n only to !mselves4 ,society became frivol\s1 & exhibit$ ! same /igmata ( deg5]ation notic$ be=e 9 decay+ commonweal?s4 ,art became lascivi\s & corrupt+2 lit]ature became reali/ic & (f5sive4 ,9 fact1 a ho/ ( clev] m5 :o ought to h be5 b5efactors ( _! race c>$ n to :at ext5t !y ru9$ & demoraliz$ _! fell[-be+s s long z !y safegu>d$ _! own heal?1 _! own future1 & _! social position4 ,! work+ classes be+ told by m51 f> sup]ior to !m 9 intellect & education1 t _! only *ance 0 9 _! lives "h on e>?1 & t dea? 0 annihilation1 began to sympa?ize ) viol5t ,nihili/s & ,an>*i/s1 & 7 less av]se to risk _! lives1 if x 7 only to av5ge !mselves on ^? :o depriv$ !m ( _! t]re/rial happ9ess4 ,b x 0 n only 9 ! effect on _! fell[-be+s t ! neo-,ca?olics1 ! symboli/s1 & _! sympa?iz]s all ov] ! _w beheld ! results ( sci5tific a!ism4 ,_m ( ^! !mselves became 8frightful examples0 ( ^! results4 ,nordau commits a great mi/ake 9 /udy+ ! ,fr5* symboli/s z au?ors & poets4 ,x is z *ildr5 ( _! times t !y %\ld be /udi$4 ,he looks ^u !m z causes ( ! symboli/ movem5t1 :]eas we %\ld h reg>d$ !m z ! indicators ( a rem>kable /age 9 ! developm5t ( our race4 ,x 0 inevitable t ! !ories ( ! sci5ti/s %\ld h be5 accept$ m widely 9 ,france ?an 9 any o!r civiliz$ c\ntry4 ,9 ! ,engli%-speak+ c\ntries ! ,*ur*es & sects _h n assum$ ! same uncompromis+ attitude ) reg>d to ! m$ival doctr9es z ! ,*ur* ( ,rome4 ,!y _h gradually rec$$ f "o conte/$ po9t aft] ano!r & _m ( _! old =ms & texts 7 giv5 a m lib]al int]pretation4 ,urg$ on by ! example ( ! ,broad ,*ur*1 ! ,congregationali/s1 & especially by ! ,unit>ians1 ! cl]gy & ! m9i/]s ceas$ _! opposition to any e/abli%$ sci5tific facts1 ?\gh !y reject$ sci5tific speculations4 ,! influ5ce ( ! sci5ti/s 9 ! ,engli%-speak+ c\ntries t5d$ !re=e to mod]nize religion1 in/ead ( br++ x into contempt4 ,9 ,g]many1 :]e ! p are sl[ to oppose any au?ority1 & :]e !y are extremely %y ( _! real religi\s op9ions1 sci5tific a!ism simply enc\rag$ ! free-?9k]s exi/+ !re ( old & induc$ a mass ( "y m5 to masqu]ade z free-?9k]s :o 9 reality held no op9ions at all1 & :o 7 de/9$ to become dev\t 9 _! old age4 ,9 ,italy & ,spa9 ! tea*+s ( ! sci5ti/s only some:at /r5g!n$ ! h&s ( ! ,lib]als1 b produc$ no effect on ! ,ultramontanes4 ,9 ,russia1 :]e ! nobility & ! middle classes _h = a long "t be5 free-?9k]s1 or p]haps non-?9k]s1 9 reg>d to religi\s que/ions1 ! religion ( humanity affect$ only t portion ( ! p :i* 0 already "u ! influ5ce ( ,nihilism1 & t5d$ to r5d] !m m reckless4 ,9 ,france h[ev]1 & p]haps 9 su* c\ntries z are directly influ5c$ by ,fr5* views--= in/ance1 ,belgium & ,switz]l&1--circum/ances 7 diff]5t4 ,! a!ism :i* broke out ) ! fir/ ,fr5* ,revolution _h begun to subside1 ! nobility & ! upp] classes 7 ! allies ( ,rome p>tly by conviction & p>tly f policy4 ,9 ! c\ntry di/ricts ! curs _h resum$ _! influ5ce ov] ! peasantry1 b ! lab\r+ class 9 ! t[ns 0 divid$ into two camps1 ! free-?9k]s & ! ,ultramontanes2 & ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m 0 emphasiz$ by ! circum/ance t ! ,ultramontanes 7 g5]ally cons]vative 9 sid+ ) ! p[]s t be1 :ile ! free-?9k]s 7 m or less extreme ,republicans1 ,sociali/s1 or ,communi/s4 ,su* 0 ! situation 9 ,france :5 ! influ5ce ( ! sci5ti/s on religi\s op9ion began to make itself felt !re4 ,! mat]iali/ views 7 eag]ly tak5 up by ! ,bohemians ( ,p>is & by ! extreme w+ ( ! ,republican ,press4 ,! upp] classes read1 or skimm$1 ! ,engli% sci5ti/s1 & up to ! beg9n+ ( ! ,franco-,g]man w> ! ,g]man philosoph]s 7 mu* 9 vogue among/ ! upp] classes & 9 lit]>y circles4 ,9 ?is fa%ion ! ,*ur* ( ,rome _h to face an attack diff]+ widely f ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,!n ! corruption1 & ! sid+ ( ! ,*ur* ) ^? :o 7 reg>d$ z ! enemies ( ! c\ntry1 expos$ x to op5 viol5ce prompt$ by /rongly r\s$ passions4 ,dur+ ! latt] days ( ! ,second ,empire x 0 assail$ 9 its dogmas ) arms borr[$ f sci5tific rese>* & speculation4 ,! latt] attack 0 by f> ! m dang]\s4 ,! discont5t ) ! ,imp]ial ,gov]nm5t did mu* to draw ! urban work+ classes into ! ranks ( ! free-?9k]s1 :]e ! !ories ( ! sci5ti/s confirm$ !m 9 _! new a!ism4 ,p>isian society _h become a!i/ic1 & ! :ole male population ( ! middle class prid$ !mselves on _! fre$om f all religi\s prejudices4 ,:at rema9$ ( religion 9 ,france 0 repres5t$ by ! old nobility1 :o _h a political int]e/ 9 be+ religi\s2 by ! peasants1 :o 7 suppos$ to be too /upid to grasp ! new sci5tific tru?s2 by old m51 :o _h n ! c\rage to face ! grave )\t ! consolation ( religion2 & by ! wom51 to :om1 x 0 confess$ ev5 by ! mo/ debau*$ r\s1 religion gave an extra *>m4 ,:5 ! ,?ird ,republic 0 laun*$ x _h a /rong a!i/ic "*1 & ! work+ classes 9 all ! cities1 ! s9c]e free-?9k]s1 patriots1 & philan?ropi/s1 hop$ t "u a ,republican =m ( gov]nm5t ! religion ( humanity ( ! sci5ti/s w\ld at la/ h a fair trial4 ,b !y 7 de/9$ to bitt] disappo9tm5t4 ,! new ,republic turn$ out to be b\rgeois 9 ! wor/ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,politics pass$ into a pr(ession4 ,politicians & adm9i/rators became corrupt4 ,sc&als multipli$4 ,ev5 ! ,press 0 unable to %[ clean h&s4 ,weal? became all-p[]ful1 & ! plutocrats acquir$ an enorm\s influ5ce :i* !y did n hesitate to use to _! own advantage4 ,speculators & adv5tur]s pull$ ! /r+s ( ! home1 & especially ( ! colonial1 policy1 & 9 ord] to fur!r private int]e/s ! indebt$ness ( ! ,/ate 0 c>ri$ to su* a po9t z to ?reat5 ! mo/ gigantic f9ancial cata/rophe ! _w has ev] witness$4 ,9 ! meantime ! work+ classes & ev5 ! agriculturi/s naturally suff]$ f ! result ( a sy/em ( gov]nm5t :i* disreg>d$ _! int]e/s4 ,! prolet>iat ( ! cities grew1 lab\r tr\bles became frequ5t1 wages fell1 & pov]ty rapidly increas$4 ,:ile ?is gr[+ p5ury invad$ ! homes ( ! work+ & l[] middle class ( a nation :i* has only p>tially realiz$ ! happ9ess & heal?y influ5ce fl[+ f dec5t & moral homes1 sci5tific a!ism took possession ( ! m9ds ( ! p1 especially ( ! m54 ,x urg$ !m to make ! mo/ ( _! lives1 & entic$ !m into a :irlpool ( dissipation4 ,sci5tific a!ism 0 b\nd to produce a va/ increase 9 immorality 9 a c\ntry l ,france1 :]e ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 9 ord] to enhance its influ5ce ov] ! p1 fav\rs unhappy relations betwe5 ! sexes4 ,! cl]gy d all !y c to e/range ! sexes prior to m>riage1 & ?us prev5t pure love & love-m>riages1 :ile !y enc\rage m>iages de conv5ance4 ,!y are animat$ no d\bt by ! be/ int5tions1 b1 liv+ !mselves 9 en=c$ celibacy1 h no idea to :at an ext5t !y ?us und]m9e ! morality ( ! p4 ,z love c\nts = little 9 ! ty+ ( ! matrimonial knot1 & ! dot c\nts = mu*1 ,fr5* un5d[$ girls /& a poor *ance ( ev] gett+ m>ri$4 ,?is exclusion ( an enorm\s numb] ( ! be/ wom5 f ! m>riage m>ket expla9s1 to a l>ge ext5t1 ! _m irregul> h\seholds to be met ) 9 ,france4 ,! fact t lovable & high-s\l$ wom5 accept ! position ( mi/resses has l>gely t5d$ to multiply mock m>riages4 ,! refusal on ! "p ( ! ,*ur* ( ,rome to p]mit divorce1 & ! lovelessness ( ! regul> alliances1 t5d 9 ! same direction4 ,! sum total ( all ?is is t a majority ( ,fr5*wom5 h to *oose betwe5 an unhappy m>ri$ life )\t love1 & an immoral "o ) x4 ,^? :o are =c$ into ! =m] 9 a great _m cases seek consolation 9 an illicit liaison2 ^? :o drift into ! latt] become debau*$4 ,:ile ?us ! "y1 respectable1 & pure-m9d$ girls are relegat$ to s*ools & nunn]ies & exclud$ f all association ) "y m51 among ^! lic5ti\s pleasure (t5 takes ! place ( romantic love4 ,h5ce physically & morally unheal?y lives1 abs5ce ( happ9ess1 crav+ = excitem5t1 morbid passions1 pessimism1 contempt = life1 deprav$ ta/es1 hy/]ia4 ,sci5tific a!ism _h h[ev] only aggravat$ a /ate ( ?+s creat$ by sac]dotal influ5ce on social habits4 ,b x 0 only natural t a nation1 s biass$ 9 social que/ions z ,france1 %\ld ascribe ! decay ( morality & ( s _m o!r virtues to ! weak5+ ( t influ5ce :i* = c5turies _h proclaim$ itself1 & _h be5 consid]$ by ! masses z ! only *eck ^u wick$ness among great & small alike4 ,ho/s ( "y m5 :o ent]$ life ) noble aspirations to fight = high ideals1 soon p]ceiv$1 :5 left to %ift = !mselves1 t ! society ar\nd !m irresi/ibly oppos$ ! realization ( _! hopes4 ,!y f\nd x difficult1 almo/ impossible1 to reconcile success ) self-e/eem1 love ) morality1 & _! poetical aspirations ) _! mann] ( liv+4 ,_m1 9 despair ( happ9ess & success1 or 9 ord] to =get _! crumbl$ illusions1 ?rew !mselves into a fev]i% que/ = excitem5t1 9 :i* heal? ( body & m9d 7 jeop>diz$4 ,awak5+ to ! full consci\sness ( ! dep? ( _! fall1 !y c\ld n fail to see t ! social sy/em "u :i* !y liv$ 0 l>gely responsible = _! mis]ies4 ,9 look+ back ov] _! wa/$ lives !y saw n\ght b %att]$ hopes4 ,:at !y _h =feit$ 7 a happy & vigor\s y\?1 transports ( romance1 ! love ( a pure-m9d$ woman1 a /rong & active manhood1 a *ivalr\s fight = ! good1 ! pure1 ! true1 & ! beautiful1 ! respect ( _! fell[-m51 an ideal home4 ,! social conditions :i* !y held responsible = _! mis]able c>e]1 & ev5 = ! regret !y exp]i5c$1 c\ld n be laid at ! door ( an ,emp]or or a dyna/y3 = _! c\ntry 0 gov]n$ by univ]sal suffrage4 ,f9d+ gov]nm5t1 legislation1 in/itutions1 & social conditions vitiat$1 !y _h to blame ,society4 ,!y f\nd t ,society 0 a!i/ic1 & 0 depriv$ ( ! only *eck & guide t came )9 _! k5--religion4 ,!y 7 fill$ ) an int5se long+ to de/roy ! a!ism :i* sci5ce _h creat$1 & to return to a belief :i* w\ld re-end[ ,society ) moral ord]1 heal?1 romance1 love1 purity1 & beautiful emotions4 ,sci5ce 0 ! enemy1 z "u ! ,empire ! prie/ 0 ! enemy4 ,to discr$it x 0 ! fir/ ess5tial /ep4 ,:5 !re=e ! actual p[] ( sci5ce1 its actual possibilities1 became popul>iz$1 & ea* successive sci5tific discov]y r5d]$ ! prophecies ( ! sup]/iti\s sci5ti/s m & m prepo/]\s1 ! ,fr5* symboli/s took up ! cry t sci5ce 0 bankrupt4 ,,*apt] ,v ,,symbolism ,,& ,,logic ,! ,fr5* symboli/s1 & all poets & arti/s :o move 9 ! _w ( emotions1 are invit$ by ,nordau to 8take _! place at ! table ( sci5ce1 :]e !re is room = all40 ,7 !y to accept ! invitation1 h[ w\ld ! emotional nature ( our race f9d expression8 ,w\ld x be possible1 or wise1 to ignore emotions 9 face ( ! fact t our lives are ess5tially emotional8 ,or does ,nordau pu% 8 sci5tific sup]/ition to su* a po9t z to believe t human emotions c ev] be inve/igat$ by means ( ! lancet1 ! microscope1 & ! !rmomet]8 ,9 spite ( 8 sne] at ,rossetti's rem>k reg>d+ 8 indiff]5ce z to :e!r ! sun turn$ r\nd ! e>? or ! e>? turn$ r\nd ! sun1 he _c fail to ackn[l$ge t :at humanity ye>ns = is beautiful & pleas+ emotions1 n sci5tific facts4 ,! glori\s sun%9e1 ! balmy breeze1 ! radiant fl[]s1 ! inscrutable attractions ( woman1 h] love1 h] e/eem1 h] fai?1 ! affection ( *ildr51 ! confid5ce ( our fell[-be+s1 our tru/ 9 ! good1 our /ruggle aga9/ evil--su* are ! elem5ts ( life & happ9ess4 ,sci5ce acquires all its importance f be+ ! means by :i* beautiful & pleas+ emotions are safegu>d$1 & unpleasant emotions are avoid$4 ,:5 sci5ce mi/akes its mission1 :5 x attempts to di/ort & vilify _! expressions1 x has become unreal & fatal4 ,nordau wi%es u to reg>d sci5ce--progress+ z x has done by replac+ old errors ( our s5ses by new errors ( our s5ses--z embody+ all facts wor? notic+1 & to disreg>d emotions :i* are et]nally un*angeable4 ,to turn our back ^u emotions & to take our place at ! table ( sci5ce means to ignore all t is beautiful1 lovable1 ennobl+1 & hopeful1 to %ut our eyes to ! *>ms ( =m1 col\r1 motion1 & our e>s to music1 & to conc5trate our att5tion ^u ! repa/ spread on ! table ( sci5ce3 ! pleasure ( discov]+ bact]ia 9 human tissue1 ! curiosity ( c\nt+ ! ?robs ( a frog's he>t aft] be+ torn f ! liv+ body1 ! s5sation ( asc]ta9+ ! effect ( ! ga/ric juices on ! foot ( a liv+ rabbit ins]t$ into a liv+ dog's /oma*4 ,we take no side 9 ! "q ( vivisection1 or any o!r sci5tific me?ods1 b )\t 9 ! lea/ m9imiz+ ! great s]vices r5d]$1 & to be r5d]$1 by sci5ce to humanity1 we mu/ express our a/oni%m5t t any s\nd m9d1 kn[+ :at sci5tific me?ods are1 & mu/ be1 c s]i\sly sugge/ t sci5tific inve/igation %\ld sup]s$e art & poetry4 ,if we believ$ 9 deg5]ation1 su* op9ions w\ld be ! fir/ examples ( x we %\ld quote4 ,poets & philosoph]s :o deal ) emotions1 s to say ) immat]ial ph5om5a1 impalpable to e "o ( our s5ses1 b demon/rat$ z et]nally real by _! effects1 mu/ ne$s make use ( symbols1 or1 to be m exact1 ( m symbols1 vagu] symbols1 & bold] symbols ?an ^? :i* naturally ent] into language4 ,to d5y !m ?is "r is equal to d5y+ ! ma!matician ! use ( ! lett] ,x1 :i* /&s = unkn[n quantities1 & :i* is h&l$ by him z dext]\sly z if x 7 ! mo/ famili> object 9 ! _w4 ,if human be+s 7 n all[$ to speak ab\t :at _! imag9ation conjures up1 :at _! feel+s prompt1 & :at irresi/ible in/9cts po9t to1 !y w\ld be br\ght al>m+ly ne> to ! level ( ! bea/4 ,! ,fr5* symboli/s be+ poets1 might n h =mulat$ into di/9ct ?\ghts :at we h said above1 b !y h c]ta9ly felt x all1 & mu* m4 ,!y h felt !mselves surr\nd$ by undef9$ & undef9able ,x's ( f> great] mom5t to _! lives1 to _! happ9ess1 & to _! be/ in/9cts1 ?an all ! kn[n & half-kn[n quantities ( sci5ce4 ,9 attempt+ to give expression to _! feel+s & to _! ?\ghts reg>d+ ! all-important unkn[n1 & to evoke among _! fell[-be+s an int]e/ 9 !m1 !y h f\nd !mselves ju/ifi$ 9 us+ any means1 includ+ symbolism1 = _! purpose4 ,nordau has ent]ta9$ no su* consid]ations 9 deal+ ) ! ,fr5* symboli/s4 ,9 ob$i5ce to 8 pr(essional prejudices1 he looks = no o!r causes1 no o!r influ5ces1 ?an ^? t c be f\nd 9 ! me*anism ( _! bra9s4 ,?is is all ! m amaz+ z he ov] & ov] aga9 recognises t ext]nal circum/ances1 conditions ( life & habits1 ex]cise a /rong influ5ce on ! bra91 or1 9 o!r words1 t ! me*anism :i* connects ! ,ego ) matt] may be influ5c$ by ! ,ego4 ,! result ( 8 criticism pres5ts !re=e a want ( fairness :i* to ! ,engli% m9d is especially objectionable4 ,! mann] 9 :i* he pries into ! private life & antec$5ts ( ,paul ,v]la9e1 & ! indelicate mann] 9 :i* he ref]s to ! p]sonal appe>ance ( ! poet1 impress u ,engli% p z s _m unfair means ( giv+ plausibility to 8 conclusions4 ,:5 a hun*back is good-hum\r$ en\gh to make fun ( 8 own de=mity1 ^? ( g5tle feel+s sympa?ize all ! m ) 8 mis=tune1 & become all ! m anxi\s n to ref] to x4 ,:5 a poet1 9 8 love ( tru? & 9 8 anxiety to r\se a c]ta9 emotion1 makes confessions1 :5 he in/ances 8 own sad exp]i5ces & fail+s1 :5 he1 s to say1 ?r[s himself into ! flames on ! alt> ( tru?1 we 9 ,engl& c\nt x indelicate & unfair to base criticism on facts ?us reveal$4 ,_h ,nordau read ,v]la9e's poetry ) an unbiass$ m9d1 he c\ld n h fail$ to be /ruck by ! ext5t to :i* ! poet typifies ! movem5t go+ on ar\nd him3 8 fail+s1 8 errors1 &1 maybe1 8 bad habits--all ?is is ! fate ( millions :o h be5 induc$ by ! mat]iali/ t5d5cies ( rec5t times to disreg>d p]sonal responsibility1 & :o1 aft] reject+ su* guides z ! nobl] in/9cts ( humanity _h pr(f]$1 attempt to foll[ ! dictates ( ! l[] in/9cts & animal impulses4 ,8 t]rible remorse & despair1 :ile he is /ill unmov$ by religion1 be> witness to aspirations :i* ! mat]iali/ w\ld fa9 d5y4 ,8 in/9ctive grop+ = ! consolations ( religion %[s to :at an ext5t he attributes 8 fail+s to an irreligi\s life1 & t he exp]i5ces )9 him ye>n+s = a happ9ess :i* ! gratification ( ! s5ses1 prompt$ by a!ism1 has nev] af=d$ him4 ,nordau w\ld object to ?is expression--! gratification ( 8 s5ses prompt$ by a!ism--& w\ld tell u t a!ism ought to h implant$ into ,v]la9e ! religion ( humanity1 & t he %\ld h sacrific$ all 8 incl9ations = ! future happ9ess ( 8 race4 ,b1 surely1 x w\ld require a good dose ( hypocrisy = a man1 s9c]ely conv9c$ t dea? puts him p]sonally beyond any consequ5ces ( 8 life1 to p]suade himself t he is practis+ a life-long abnegation = ! good ( po/]ity4 ,is x n mu* m likely t 9 s frank a nature z ,v]la9e's ! disbelief 9 p]sonal responsibility w\ld turn him into a devil-may-c>e vagabond until he le>n$ 9 ! s*ool ( exp]i5ce ! dang]\s mi/akes ( mat]ialism8 ,does ,nordau n recognise ! logic & ! frankness 9 a "y man :o1 9 ! exub]ance ( 8 animal life1 :5 conv9c$ ( p]sonal irresponsibility1 lives up to ! motto ( a 8%ort life & a m]ry "o08 ,! ne$ ( love & affection--a ne$ g5]ally s /rongly felt by all poets--,nordau is pleas$ to call eroticism1 & :5 ! poet f9ds t he has pr(an$ love1 implant$ 9 8 s\l by ,god1 ,nordau fancies he has discov]$ 9 ,v]la9e t bl5d+ ( religi\s f]v\r & morbid eroticism :i*1 :5 irrational1 is a sign ( lunacy4 ,:5 ,paul ,v]la9e invokes ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 a =m ( religi\s expression :i* millions ( sane p indulge 9 daily1 ,nordau at once imag9es he has discov]$ ano!r trace ( insanity4 ,9 ord] to %[ t we are n unfair to our ali5i/1 we w quote "o ( ! poems ( ,v]la9e he ref]s to1 & ! conclusions he draws f x1-- ,et comme j'tais faible1 et bi5 m*ant encore1 ,aux ma9s l*es1 les yeux bl\is des *em9s1 ,elle baissa mes yeux1 et me joignis les ma9s1 ,et m'enseigna les mots p> lesquels on adore4 8,! acc5ts "h quot$10 says ,nordau1 8are well kn[n to ! cl9ics ( psy*iatry4 ,we may comp>e !m to ! picture :i* ,legra9 gives ( "s ( 8 pati5ts4 #8,8 spee* cont9ually rev]ts to ,god & ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 8 c\s94' ,! case 9 "q is t ( a deg5]ate subject :o 0 a tramway conductor4 #8,my/ical ideas complete ! picture4 ,he talks ( ,god1 ( heav51 crosses himself1 kneels d[n1 & says t he is foll[+ ! comm&m5ts ( ,*ri/4' ,! subject "u obs]vation is a day-lab\r]4 #8,! devil w tempt me1 b ,i see ,god :o gu>ds me4 ,i h ask$ ( ,god t all p might be beautiful1' etc40 ,s f> ,nordau4 ,because a mad tramway conductor ?9ks he is c\s9 ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 ,v]la9e1 :o symbolizes 9 ! ,virg9 ,m>y ! p[] t draws him t[>ds ! good1 is on ! road to madness6 ,f ?is x foll[s t1 if a mad tramway conductor 7 to believe himself ! c\s9 ( ,pr(essor ,lombroso1 ,nordau's quasi-wor%ip ( t au?ority w\ld indicate deg5]acy 9 ,nordau's m9d4 ,"o ( ,nordau's *>act]i/ics is a weak or dull logical faculty1 (t5 to be obs]v$ 9 ^? :o ov]-/udy = exam9ation & 9 speciali/s fanatically incl9$4 ,)\t ?is peculi>ity he c\ld n possibly h omitt$ to ask himself ! "q1 8,h[ ab\t all o!r wor%ipp]s ( ,*ri/80 :5 he concludes t ,v]la9e's m9d is deg5]ate because he speaks devot$ly ( ! ,virg9 ,m>y1 :ile a lunatic lab\r] says t he foll[s ! comm&m5ts ( ,*ri/4 ,nordau does n see t 9 ?is mann] he completely gives himself away1 & lets u p]ceive t x is n ! symboli/ :om he consid]$ deg5]ate1 b ! :ole ,*ri/ian populations ( ! _w t h exi/$ dur+ two ?\s& ye>s1 & t /ill exi/4 ,only 8 lack ( a s5se ( ! ridicul\s1 already po9t$ out1 has prev5t$ him f rememb]+ t ! man 9 8 cups consid]s himself ! only sob] man ( ! company4 ,! v]ses :i* ,v]la9e has writt5 9 praise ( a vagabond life ,nordau holds up z a sure sign ( lurk+ lunacy4 ,are !n all poets :o write 9 praise ( a vagabond life deg5]ates8 ,is n ! true secret ( ,nordau's conclusion to be f\nd 9 ! fact t he entirely misses ! satire aga9/ our mod]n sy/em :i* und]lies ,v]la9e's & o!r writ]s' poems on ?is same subject8 ,he does ! same ) reg>d to ,v]la9e's poem address$ to ! dem5t$ k+1 ,l\is ,,ii4 ( ,bav>ia4 ,:5 we behold ! follies ( reign+ sov]eigns1 :o are suppos$ to be 9 ! full enjoym5t ( _! faculties1 mak+ su* poor use ( _! opportunities1 degrad+ & ru9+ _! p1 r\s+ a hatr$ aga9/ !mselves & _! dyna/y1 or /riv+ at l[ b\rgeois aims1 or ev51 to use ,nordau's own expression1 sell+ _! royalty = a big *eque2 :5 we read ( ! mon>*s ( ! pa/1 ( _! crimes & _! meanesses1 h[ c we wond] t ! un=tunate ,k+ ,l\is %\ld inspire sympa?y 9 a poet1 & t he %\ld satirize ! s-call$ reasonable mon>*s by eulogiz+ ! dem5t$ "o8 ,nordau makes mu* ( t =m ( m5tal weakness :i* manife/s itself 9 e*olalia1 or ! mania ( repeat+ = no reason ! same words & ! same s5t5ces4 ,b to d5y ! poet1 :o aims at convey+ an emotion & = t purpose wi%es to create a c]ta9 mood 9 8 li/5]s1 ! use ( *oruses1 refra9s1 & cad5c$ repetitions1 he runs c\nt] to ! olde/ lit]>y tradition 9 ! _w4 ,he w\ld surely n object to repetitions 9 v]ses int5d$ to be sung2 & if we are "r 9 plac+ poetry half way betwe5 spee* & music 9 ! li/ ( ! vehicles ( ?\ght1 z we h done 9 a previ\s *apt]1 euphonies1 musicalities ( words1 & repetitions are bo? p]missible & rational4 ,_m poetical emotions may be quick5$ by rem9isc5ces f *ildhood2 & a /yle ( writ+1 or ! use ( words or s\nds1 rem9d+ u ( e>ly days1 might be ! mo/ effective me?ods ( expression4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 a dr[sy repetition ( pleasant-s\nd+ words may be v tell+ 9 a lullaby1 ev5 if !y convey no sci5tific mean+1 or d n contribute to ! s5se ( ! poem1 & s long z !y d n di/ort x4 ,! examples ( repetitions f deg5]acy 9 ,v]la9e are *os5 s unhappily z to place ,nordau 9 ! wrong & ,v]la9e 9 ! "r 9 ! judgm5t ( unbiass$ p]sons2 ! "o is a s]5ade1 & ! o!r is entitl$ 8,*evaux du ,bois10 9 :i* ! s5sation ( a *ild on a m]ry-g-r\nd is sugge/$4 ,ano!r is suppos$ to be sung by1 or sugge/s1 ,pi]rot ,gam91 t is a "y idiot4 ,:5 ,v]la9e wi%es to qualify a n\n 9 a mann] :i* is difficult to express 9 ord9>y adjectives1 he1 l millions ( 8 fell[s1 has rec\rse to ! me?od ( giv+ a new1 or symbolic1 signification to an old adjective1 & ?is1 accord+ to ,nordau1 is a sign ( m5tal deg5]ation4 ,to prove 8 case he quotes su* t]ms z 8a n>r[ & va/ affection10 8a sl[ l&scape10 8a slack liqueur10 8a gild$ p]fume10 8a t]se cont\r10 etc4 ,he does n seem to "k t ! paucity ( language r5d]s su* expressions n only legitimate b extremely useful 9 _m pr(essions & trades1 let alone poetry4 ,has he nev] he>d ( a w>m col\r1 a lively t9t1 a cold tone1 etc48 ,are ! ,fr5* w9e-gr[]s mad :5 !y say t w9e is heavy1 light1 full1 dead1 alive1 slack1 r\nd1 gre51 angul>1 smoo?1 velvety1 etc48 ,we are glad to see t he recognises ,v]la9e's ability z a poet & does n f9d fault ) "s ( 8 poems4 ,?us he says ( 8,*anson d',automne0 t 8!re are few poems 9 ,fr5* lit]ature t c rival0 x4 ,:ile rejoic+ at ! fairness t ,nordau "h displays1 we mu/ h[ev] po9t out ! ecc5tricity ( 8 logic4 ,he desires to w>n u aga9/ deg5]ation1 & !re=e po9ts to a poet ^: deg5]acy has n prev5t$ him f writ+ a ma/]piece ( lit]ature4 ,x %\ld also be notic$ t ! 8,*anson d',automne10 :i* meets ) su* ample praise f ,nordau1 is on ! same !me :i* und]lies o!r pieces ( poetry quot$ 9 8 "w z examples ( legitimate & sane poetry4 ,:5 he does intimate t a poet might bur/ into song ov] fl[]s1 trees1 books1 & twitt]+ birds1 b n ov] ! sympa?y he feels 9 8 consci\sness ) ! p[]s t h call$ !m =?1 simply because sci5ce has n s f> be5 able to analyse & classify ^? p[]s1 he only %[s t he is illogical en\gh to pr(f] 8 limit$ view ( :at is poetical z an infallible /&>d ( ! poetry ( ! _w4 ,nordau blames ,v]la9e & o!r symboli/s = deal+ ) moods in/ead ( ) def9ite ideas4 ,b is !re a s+le poet 9 ! pa/ or ! pres5t :o did n l>gely deal 9 moods1 & :o did n lab\r to give ! _w an impression ( 8 own feel+s8 ,nordau's ideal au?or--,goe!--has gone fur!r4 ,he wrote a :ole novel1 ,w]!r's ,leid51 :i* is little else ?an a l5g?y description ( 8 h]o's moods4 ,ano!r symboli/1 ,/ephane ,mall>m1 :o 9 ,france z well z 9 ,engl& enjoys a reputation z a poet1 or r z an au?ority on poetry1 is attack$ by ,nordau 9 a mann] :i* sugge/s o!r motives ?an fair criticism4 ,he gibes at ! symboli/s & at all :o consid] ,mall>m a poet1 because he has produc$ only a few orig9al works & translations4 ,z our ali5i/ _c v well put ?is d[n z a sign ( deg5]ation1 hav+ treat$ ^? :o write mu* z graphomaniacs1 he gives u no o!r reasons = plac+ ,mall>m among ! examples ( deg5]ation ?an t he has 8long1 po9t$1 faun-l e>s10 a fact :i* he seems n to h notic$ p]sonally b :i* he has obta9$1 l mo/ ( 8 facts1 f a book4 ,he di/9ctly ins9uates t ! admiration = ,mall>m's poetical gift indicates deg5]ation1 especially z ,mall>m has writt5 s little4 ,we meet "h aga9 ) a /rik+ example ( 8 curi\s logic4 ,he imag9es t he /r5g!ns 8 case by quot+ f ,less+1 :o 9 ,amelia ,galotti makes ,conti say t ,raphael w\ld h be5 ! greate/ g5ius 9 pa9t+1 ev5 if he _h un=tunately be5 born )\t h&s4 ,f ?is1 ,engli% read]s :o happ5 to "k no?+ ( ,less+ or ,conti w\ld conclude t ei!r ,less+ 0 a lunatic or t 8 "*1 ,conti1 0 mad4 ,b nei!r is ! case1 & ! quotation consequ5tly tells aga9/ ,nordau4 ,:oev] w\ld d5y t a man _c be a poet & an au?ority on poetry )\t publi%+ v]se mu/ atta* an extremely n>r[ mean+ to ! ^w poet4 ,if ,less+1 or ,conti1 means by ! ^w pa9t]1 n ! craftsman1 b ! man ) ! pa9t]'s s\l1 ! symboli/ may surely be all[$ to call ,mall>m a poet4 ,has ,nordau nev] met ) mute poets1 bl9d pa9t]s1 & deaf musicians8 ,"o ( ! greate/ musicians ( ! _w compos$ m>vell\s music :ile /one-deaf4 ,n[ if we suppose t ,bee?ov5 _h lo/ 8 he>+ be=e he _h ma/]$ ! te*nicalities ( music1 w\ld he !re=e n h rema9$ a musician8 ,nordau is v sev]e on sev]al o!r symboli/s & c]ta9ly does 8 be/ to repres5t !m 9 an unfav\rable light4 ,9 ord] to %[ t ,*>les ,morice1 ! au?or ( ,la ,littrature de t\t l'heure is lit]ally insane & a graphomaniac1 he quotes ,morice's rhapsodical conception ( ,god1 :i* he pret5ds to take z an exact def9ition 9 ord] to r$uce x to twaddle4 ,to any unprejudic$ read] x is evid5t t ,morice int5d$ to convey by ?is wild attempt at description h[ impossible x is to def9e ,god4 ,nordau's prejudice aga9/ ! ,fr5* nation becomes palpable :5 speak+ ( ! fact t ! ,fr5* language l5ds itself badly to blank v]se & t a fre] treatm5t ( x 9 ,fr5* poetry is a comp>atively mod]n dep>ture :i* by o!r c\ntries 0 tak5 long ago4 ,he says3 8,b to any "o b a ,fr5*man1 !y m]ely make !mselves ridicul\s :5 !y trumpet _! pa9ful hobbl+ aft] ! nations :o are f> 9 front ( !m1 z an unhe>d-( discov]y ( new pa?s & op5+ up ( new roads & z an advance inspir$ by ! ideal into ! dawn ( ! future40 ,?is gratuit\s insult ( a :ole nation gives u a vivid insight into ! work+ ( 8 m9d4 ,he w\ld n h p5n$ a s5t5ce ( su* bad ta/e1 & s m>k$ by ! e*olalia he condemns 9 o!rs1 _h he n be5 prompt$ by feel+s /rong] ?an 8 judgm5t4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,! ,,light ,,( ,,russia ,) reg>d to ! ,russian noveli/1 ,c\nt ,leo ,tol/oi1 ,nordau pursues ! same mode ( criticism z he employ$ aga9/ o!r writ]s4 ,he also aims at ! same object1 fir/ly1 to %[ t au?ors suff] f m5tal ab]ration2 &1 secondly1 t ! public :o read _! books d n d s on acc\nt ( _! lit]>y m]it1 b because ! read]s are m5tally afflict$ 9 ! same way z ! au?ors4 ,to prove ?is aga9/ ,tol/oi & 8 admir]s is no light ent]prise1 & ,nordau does n acquit himself ( 8 self-impos$ task )\t a great deal ( %uffl+4 ,he all[s no?+ = ,tol/oi's surr\nd+s1 ! social condition ( ! c\ntry 9 :i* he lives1 & ! life he has l$1 b lifts him out ( all t t5ds to int]pret ?is ultra-,russian writ]1 & reg>ds him z "o :o has evolv$ "s extraord9>y notions 9 a /udio f> f 8 native l&4 ,he :o says ,russia says a great deal3 = ! expression d5otes a va/ empire1 consi/+ ( _m nationalities & races1 held toge!r by a /rong pressure1 :i* seems1 l ! gravitation ( huge heav5ly bodies1 to be det]m9$ by ! size ( ! body f :i* x emanates4 ,! inclusion ( s _m elem5ts does n prev5t ,russia f rema9+ a great & p[]ful ,/ate1 provid$ its ,gov]nm5t soon becomes to "s ext5t rational4 ,! pr$om9ant nationality is made up ( g5u9e ,russians1 ^: *>act]i/ics are su* z to r5d] !m capable ( be+1 accord+ to _! rul]s 9 ! imm$iate future1 an imm95t dang] to ,europe1 or a model nation to be foll[$ by ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,! ,russian is good-temp]$1 pati5t1 loyal1 g5]\s1 k9d-he>t$1 & sup]/iti\sly religi\s4 ,he is extremely emotional & dang]\s :5 ar\s$4 ,8 easy-go+ mann]s1 8 imm5se self-e/eem1 & 8 int5se vitality r5d] him an easy victim to ! num]\s temptations :i* ali5s are n sl[ to hold out to him4 ,he is /raight=w>d & /rongly av]se to hypocrisy1 & :5 he is conv9c$ t duty dem&s f him t he %\ld assi/ 9 fill+ a tr5* ) 8 dead body = ! artill]y to pass ov]1 or to ?r[ a bomb at ! ,cz>1 he w d x )\t a murmur4 ,8 passiv5ess1 8 loyalty1 & long-suff]+ h be5 cruelly tak5 advantage ( by a long succession ( ,gov]nm5ts1 *iefly consi/+ ( ali5s4 ,9 ,russia ! mo/ p[]ful bureaucracy 9 ! _w1 compos$ *iefly ( a ,g]man elem5t1 has tak5 possession ( ! p[]1 & holds to x 9 a quasi-unconsci\s fa%ion1 l a bull-dog unable to relax 8 hold4 ,! ,gov]nm5t1 ) su* legislation z exi/s1 has gone on = c5turies ) sc>cely any reg>d = ! well-be+ ( ! p1 & ! inevitable results are sl[ly b surely manife/+ !mselves1 & po9t to "s t]rible cata/rophe4 ,! emancipation ( ! s]fs1 f :i* sangu9e p1 unacqua9t$ ) ,russian circum/ances1 hop$ s mu*1 %ook ! old in/itutions to _! v f\ndations1 b br\ght only mom5t>y relief to ! suff]+ p4 ,! mir-eat]s1 or village usur]s1 h swall[$ up ! l& ( ! peasants1 _! cattle1 & _! implem5ts1 & compell$ l>ge hordes ( p to move ab\t ! c\ntry 9 se>* ( "w4 ,employm5t is sc>ce & lab\r ill paid4 ,! tax-collectors are z implacable & ! ,gov]nm5t (ficials z corrupt z ev]4 ,! t5d5cy--to be obs]v$ all ov] ! civiliz$ _w--( divid+ humanity into two classes1 ! weal?y & ! poor1 has n[h]e develop$ to ! same ext5t z 9 ,russia4 ,! ri*1 comp>atively few 9 numb]1 are becom+ extremely ri*1 b ! great mass ( ! p mis]ably poor4 ,extreme pov]ty1 int5sifi$ by ! pressure ( ! tax-ga!r] & ! inhuman me?ods ( ! money-l5d]1 has a gnaw+ effect on a p liv+ 9 an int5sely rigor\s climate1 9 mis]able villages sp>sely scatt]$ ov] va/ monoton\s pla9s4 ,! ,russians be+ a s5tim5tal p1 x is natural t _! =lorn condition %\ld cause !m to brood ov] _! sad lives dur+ ! long & lonely w9t] nights1 or t !y %\ld be driv5 to dr[n _! consci\sness 9 vodka4 ,su* is ! /age on :i* alone a "* l ,leo ,tol/oi c become intelligible4 ,b x is n only ! p[]ful influ5ces f ext]nal circum/ances :i* give t direction to ,tol/oi's m9d :i* ,nordau insi/s 9 int]pret+ z a sign ( deg5]acy4 ,! mode ( life & ! sph]e ( action he has adopt$1 9 pursuance ( ! l>ge & noble traits ( 8 "*1 mu/ h be5 p[]fully conducive to 8 peculi> mood & ideas4 ,nobody :o has read 8 works1 ev5 if only ^? works ,nordau holds to be ( ! smalle/ lit]>y m]it & fulle/ ( signs ( deg5]acy1 w\ld ev] conceive ! idea t ,tol/oi's m9d 0 weak or di/ort$4 ,b if ?is noveli/ _h be5 driv5 to lunacy1 x w\ld h be5 extremely irrational to acc\nt = 8 m5tal ab]ration )\t consid]+ ! outw>d circum/ances t w\ld h produc$ x4 ,tol/oi's sympa?ies 7 r\s$1 z ^? ( e noble-m9d$ man w\ld h be5 r\s$1 by ! mis]able exi/5ce ( a p :o possess all ! elem5ts ( a great nation4 ,9 ,russia no su* ways are op5 to ! re=m] z 9 free ,/ates4 ,!re is no ,p>liam5t1 no organiz$ political p>ties1 no free ,press4 ,a political c>e] is out ( ! "q1 except 9 ! =m ( a consi/5t toady+ ( ^? 9 p[]1 & ( a bl9d ob$i5ce to ^? :o cru% ! p4 ,any opposition to ,gov]nm5t1 or ev5 pr(f]$ sugge/ions1 w\ld lead to exile 9 ,sib]ia1 & abruptly cut %ort any man's activity4 ,tol/oi _h !re=e only two c\rses op5 to him3 ei!r to expatriate himself & to ?und] =? 9 a =eign ,press aga9/ ! abuses ( ! ,russian ,gov]nm5t1 unhe>d & unhe$$ by 8 own c5sor-ridd5 compatriots or to adopt ! l9e ( action he did4 ,9 ! cities1 :]e ! ali5 elem5t prevails1 & :]e ! scum ( ! ,russian nation congregates1 he w\ld be out ( contact ) 8 p4 ,8 emotional nature w\ld h revolt$ aga9/ ! police tyranny & spy+ rampant 9 ! cities1 & he w\ld soon h be5 l&$ 9 ! clut*es ( ! au?orities4 ,he !re=e elect$ to live among ! peasants z "o ( !m1 conv9c$ bo? by 8 feel+s & 8 reason t he w\ld ?us directly b5efit 8 surr\nd+s by 8 example & =m t leav5 by :i* ! :ole mass might 9 "t be leav5$2 :ile 8 writ+s simultane\sly appeal$ to ^? ( 8 c\ntrym5 :o read books1 & ^? :o1 outside ,russia1 sympa?ize ) ! ,russian p4 ,we d n pret5d to "k ,tol/oi's secret ?\ghts & 8 ultimate hopes1 b we believe x possible t he may1 )\t be+ an irrational en?usia/1 or ev5 a dream]1 h reckon$ on 8 writ+s & op9ions rea*+ ! highe/ p]sonages 9 ! ,russian empire ?r\gh be+ read by all ! upp] classes ( ! _w4 ,he may h hop$ t1 aft] e/abli%+ 8 reputation ?r\gh\t ! lit]>y _w1 & aft] hav+ become ! pride ( 8 own nation1 he w\ld "o day d>e to speak su* words to ! rul]s ( all ! ,russians z might save him & 8 nation4 ,:atev] may h be5 8 expectations1 !re c be little d\bt t he has met ) dire disappo9tm5t1 n s mu* 9 8 p]sonal c>e] z 9 8 hopes = 8 fell[-c\ntrym54 ,to ! fram]s ( pap] con/itutions & to !oretical revolutioni/s1 x may seem easy to introduce a new =m ( ,gov]nm5t & to reg5]ate a nation1 b1 to "o :o1 l ,tol/oi1 is 9 close contact ) ! masses to be reg5]at$1 :o has daily exp]i5c$ all ! frailty ( ! mat]ial he has to "w )1 :o alone tries to swim aga9/ ov]:elm+ curr5ts1--to him1 ! uplift+ ( a nation or a race is a h]culean task impossible to approa* ) ! clap-trap ( ! mod]n agitator4 ,tol/oi1 f9d+ t x is ! morale ( ! p he has to "w ^u1 t x is 9 ! religi\s t5d5cies ( 8 fell[-m5 t _! /r5g? lies1 concludes1 ) ! full cons5t ( 8 emotional be+1 t religi\s conceptions1 diff]5t f ! ,russian or?odox ,*ur* & f ! we/]n univ]sity !ology1 mu/ be ! f\ndation on :i* he has to build4 ,:at !re=e is m rational ?an t he %\ld plunge into religi\s speculation1 & ?us expose himself to ! mi/ake ( adopt+ religi\s views :i* are prompt$ z mu* by ! ne$s ( ! situation1 ! circum/ances1 8 own & 8 p's *>act]i/ics1 z by logical d$uctions4 ,great] m5 ?an he--,moses1 ,mahomet1 & o!rs--_h done s be=e him4 ,besides1 z ! po/ulates he />ts f d n spr+ f exact k1 b f fai? & emotion--z all religi\s po/ulates necess>ily mu/ d1--& z ^!1 8 po/ulates1 are diametrically oppos$ to ^? :i* ,nordau w\ld pre-suppose1 ,tol/oi's conclusions mu/ be ! opposite ( 82 b to diff] f ,nordau is to be deg5]ate4 ,x is no wond] !n t ,tol/oi's books %\ld be m ?an novels4 ,he _h a high] purpose 9 view ?an ga!r+ 9 royalties & ent]ta9+ 8 read]s4 ,8 books are jam ) a consid]able am\nt ( p[d] 9 !m4 ,if1 despite ?is1 !y h be5 widely read ?r\gh\t ! _w1 ord9>y m9ds w\ld conclude t 9 creat+ !m _! au?or has accompli%$ tasks :i* alone a m9d ( a high ord] c\ld hope to p]=m4 ,our ali5i/1 det]m9$ to come to no su* conclusion1 supposes t all ^? :o read ,tol/oi's works are deg5]ates1 & t ! l>ge sale ( 8 books is consequ5tly a confirmation ( ,tol/oi's deg5]acy4 ,w\ld ,nordau apply ! same k9d ( reason+ ) reg>d to ! sale ( 8 own works8 ,he w\ld probably2 b in/ead ( />t+ ) ! supposition t contempor>y read]s ( books are incipi5t lunatics1 he w\ld v likely take = grant$ t ! read]s :o approve ( 8 works are highly intellig5t1 & t ! great sale !y h atta9$ proves ! s\ndness ( 8 own m9d4 ,9 support ( 8 view1 ,nordau1 :o fairly ackn[l$ges ! great qualities ( ,tol/oi z a writ] ( fiction1 has ! audacity to ass]t t x is n ?is great quality ( 8 works t has secur$ him 8 _w-wide fame1 b t x is due to 8 my/icism1 :i* a deg5]ate race pref]s to a lit]>y & moral value4 ,! only semblance ( pro( he gives = ?is view is t ,tol/oi's be/ works h n contribut$ to 8 reputation s mu* z ! ,kreutz] ,sonata1 8an inf]ior creation1 :i* 9 ! public op9ion ( ! we/]n nations plac$ him 9 ! fir/ rank ( liv+ au?ors40 ,b :o has decid$ t ! ,kreutz] ,sonata is inf]ior to ,tol/oi's o!r works8 ,only ,nordau1 ^: op9ion runs c\nt] to ! 8we/]n nations40 ,if !re=e !re is any value 9 ,nordau's argum5t x re/s entirely on ! a/\nd+ fact t ! 8we/]n nations0 are all deg5]ate & ,nordau alone is sane4 ,nordau1 l mo/ ,g]man bookworms1 evid5tly believes t ref]5ces to an au?ority1 h[ev] obscure1 are en\gh to prove any ass]tion4 ,he has manife/ly work$ ) any numb] ( 8conv]sations-lexicons0 & encyclop$ias ab\t him1 9 que/ ( "s pr9t$ confirmation ( ! extraord9>y op9ion t ! ,kreutz] ,sonata is a poor book1 & t ! prec$+ works ( ,tol/oi alone conta9 ^? gr& qualities :i* ,nordau recognises4 ,he f9ds t ,franz ,bornmll]1 an au?or ( a biographical diction>y1 said 9 #ahhb ( ,tol/oi3 8,he possesses no ord9>y tal5t = fiction1 b "o devoid ( due arti/ic f9i%1 & :i* is influ5c$ by a c]ta9 "o-sid$ness 9 8 views ( life & hi/ory40 ,x %\ld be notic$ t ,nordau gives ?is quotation 9 ord] to %[ t ,tol/oi _h n atta9$ any ,european fame 9 #ahhb1 t is1 be=e ! ,kreutz] ,sonata 0 writt52 b ) t amaz+ want ( logic *>act]iz+ 8 :ole "w1 he does n see t ?is ,franz ,bornmll] ?9ks v little ( ! e>ly works ( ,tol/oi4 ,he consequ5tly diff]s f ,nordau1 & %[s e sign ( %>+ ! op9ion ( ! 8we/]n nations40 ,nordau makes a %>p di/9ction betwe5 ,tol/oi's novels z su* & ! philosophy !y en=ce4 ,he is !reby enabl$ to give "s plausibility to ! sophi/ical ass]tion t x is n ,tol/oi's novels1 b 8 philosophy1 :i* br\ght him popul>ity4 ,?is philosophy1 :i* is suppos$ to prove t ,tol/oi's m9d is n s\nd1 ,nordau sums up 9 ! foll[+ way3 8,! individual is no?+1 ! species is ev]y?+1 ! individual lives 9 ord] to d 8 fell[-creatures good2 ?\ght & inquiry are great evils2 sci5ce is p]dition2 fai? is salvation40 ,among ^! items !re is only "o :i* diff]s f ! views ( ! bulk ( humanity--f t ord9>y common-s5se :i* ,nordau s (t5 takes z a /&>d ( sanity1 ev5 9 ! sup]/iti\s peasant4 ,we ref] to ! item 9 :i* he says t ?\ght & inquiry are great evils4 ,n[h]e 9 ,tol/oi's writ+s c su* a nons5sical phrase be f\nd4 ,x is "o ( ^? little t\*es t ,nordau s dext]\sly applies1 or :i* 8 prejudice causes him to apply1 9 ord] to /r5g!n 8 case 9 8 read]s'1 or p]haps 9 8 own1 eyes4 ,he appe>s to ignore su* works z ,my ,confession1 ,my ,fai?1 ,a ,%ort ,exposition ( ! ,gospel1 & ,ab\t my ,life1 all works built up by elaborate ?\ghts4 ,! :ole life ( ,tol/oi has be5 "o ( 8?\ght & inquiry10 & all 8 lit]>y "w is an invitation to ?9k & to inquire4 ,tol/oi objects only to su* ?\ght & inquiry z va9ly attempt to c>ry ! me?ods ( inductive sci5ce into sph]es :]e ! obs]vation ( our s5ses is ( no avail1 & :]e _! failure tempts u to believe 9 ! non-exi/5ce ( t all-important portion ( ! univ]se into :i* fai? alone c p5etrate4 ,t ,tol/oi %\ld di/ru/ sci5ce1 aft] ! presumptu\s attitude :i* sci5ti/s h tak5 up1 w surprise nobody :o has read :at we h said ab\t ?is bankruptcy ( sci5ce4 ,_m sci5ti/s1 includ+ ,nordau1 h 9 _! gratuit\s attacks on religion s recklessly mix$ up sci5tific fact ) sci5tific speculation1 t !y mu/ blame !mselves if p use ! t]m 8sci5ce0 :5 x w\ld be m correct to employ t ( 8unsci5tific speculations40 ,t a ?9k]1 :o is at ! same "t ! in/ructor ( ! ignorant masses1 %\ld look ^u fai? z a means ( salvation1 is n new1 & _c be consid]$ z a sign ( m5tal ab]ration2 = millions ( sane common-s5se m5 h = ?\s&s ( ye>s held ?is op9ion4 ,ev5 if we apply ! ^w salvation exclusively to society 9 g5]al1 to ! race1 or to "o nation1 leav+ out any ref]5ces to individual salvation 9 ano!r _w1 fai? ( "s k9d is ! only s\rce f :i* x c\ld spr+4 ,sci5ti/s ( ,nordau's type seem unable to und]/& t sci5ce means ! k ( absolute facts :i*1 :ile q capable ( und]m9+ & de/roy+ ! f\ndations on :i* a m or less primitive religion re/s1 _c possibly come into collision ) fai? 9 ! wide/ s5se ( ! t]m4 ,:5 a sci5ti/ & a religioni/ diff] ab\t ?+s :i* h n come "u sci5tific inquiry--su* z ! f9al aim ( ! s*eme ( humanity1 = example--! dispute is n betwe5 sci5ce & fai?1 b betwe5 two diff]5t fai?s4 ,sci5ce !re=e _c regulate our conduct1 det]m9e our views1 or save a nation4 ,?is alone c be done by fai?1 be x bas$ on sci5ce1 on tradition1 or emotion4 ,a great sci5tific k might be degrad$ into an excuse =1 & a means (1 an irresponsible1 selfi%1 & wick$ life2 or x might ennoble ! m9d1 int5sify ! s5se ( responsibility1 & s]ve z ! means ( r5d]+ great s]vices to humanity4 ,all dep5ds on ! fai? ( ! sci5ti/4 ,! end ( :at we may call ! era ( sci5tific a!ism1 n[ at h&1 pres5ts mo/ deplorable results1 z we h already po9t$ out1 ( remov+ ! only f\ndations ( a moral balance available to ^? :o h n _h any opportunity ( draw+ f sci5tific /udies t /r5g? ( "*1 & ^? noble aspirations to be met ) 9 sci5ti/s :o h a g5u9e fai?--a fai? 9 _! sci5ce & 9 humanity1 if 9 no?+ else4 ,tol/oi1 :o1 l e ?9k+ man ( our "t1 _h se5 ! disa/r\s effects :i* sci5tific a!ism _h produc$1 _c possibly be reg>d$ z ( weak intellect because he reject$ sci5tific sup]/ition & proclaim$ fai? z ! true basis ( conduct & "*4 ,nordau f9ds traces ( deg5]acy 9 ,tol/oi's "q1 8,:]e=e am ,i alive80 & 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ,tol/oi f9ds a reply to t "q4 ,x seems h[ev] t ,nordau too has ask$1 himself t "q1 = 9 8 book ,deg5]ation 7page #adi7 he replies to x 9 a close1 well-reason$1 passage1 :i* des]ves to be read to its full ext5t4 ,we %all quote only a "p ( x 9 ord] to comp>e ! reply he himself obta9s ) ! reply obta9$1 by ,tol/oi4 ,aft] hav+ %[n t ! aim ( a man's life is necess>ily involv$ 9 ! great] "q--! aim ( ! univ]se--& t su* an aim _c exi/ objectively 9 "t or space1 he says3 8,b if x is n objective1 if x does n exi/ 9 "t & space1 x mu/1 9 ord] to be conceivable1 exi/ some:]e1 virtually1 z idea1 z a plan & design4 ,b t :i* conta9s a design1 a ?\ght1 a plan1 we "n consci\sness2 & consci\sness t c conceive a plan ( ! univ]se1 & = its realization design$ly uses ! =ces ( nature1 is synonym\s1 ) ,god4 ,if a man h[ev] believes 9 a ,god1 he loses at once ! "r to raise ! "q1 #8,:]e=e am ,i alive8' s9ce x is 9 t case an insol5t presumption1 an ef=t ( small1 weak man to look ov] ,god's %\ld]1 to spy out ,god's plan1 to aspire to ! height ( omnisci5ce4 ,b nei!r is x 9 su* a case necess>y1 s9ce a ,god )\t ! highe/ wisdom _c be conceiv$2 & if ,he has devis$ a plan = ! _w1 ?is is c]ta9 to be p]fect1 all its p>ts are 9 h>mony1 & ! aim to :i* e co-op]ator1 f ! smalle/ to ! greate/1 w devote himself is ! be/ conceivable4 ,?us man c live 9 complete re/ & confid5ce 9 ! impulses & =ces implant$ 9 him by ,god1 because he1 9 e case1 fulfils a high & wor?y de/9y by co-op]at+ 9 a1 to him1 unkn[n ,div9e plan ( ! _w40 ,we "h notice 8 words3 8t :i* conta9s a design1 a ?\ght1 a plan1 we "n consci\sness40 ,n[1 nobody kn[s bett] ?an ! sci5ti/s t s f> all sci5tific discov]y has reveal$ plan1 me?od1 & purpose1 9 ! smalle/ ?+ & ! smalle/ ph5om5a 9 ! univ]se4 ,is x !n necess>y to be deg5]ate to believe 9 a self-consci\s ,provid5ce8 ,john ,/u>t ,mill obs]ves t ! fact t we f9d 9 nature1 especially 9 human & animal bodies1 physical & me*anical problems solv$ 9 ! same way z eng9e]s _h solv$ !m long be=e !y knew ( su* solutions 9 nature1 po9ts n only to ! exi/5ce ( an intellig5t ,creator1 b to a simil>ity ( ,8 intellig5ce to t ( human be+s4 ,accord+ to ! passage f ,nordau1 !n1 ! plann+ 9 nature proves a consci\s =ce1 a consci\s =ce is synonym\s ) ,god1 & ! man :o believes 9 ,god c live 9 complete re/ 9 8 fai?4 ,tol/oi obta9$ a reply to 8 "q 9 a mann] :i* he describes 9 ! foll[+ words3 8,x 0 q ! same to me :e!r ,jesus 0 ,god or n ,god2 :e!r ! ,holy ,gho/ proce$$ f ! "o or ! o!r4 ,x 0 likely nei!r necess>y nor important = me to "k h[1 :51 & by :om ! ,gospels1 or any "o ( ! p>ables 7 compos$1 & :e!r !y c\ld be ascrib$ to ,*ri/ or n4 ,:at to me 0 important 0 t ! light :i* = eighte5 hundr$ ye>s 0 ! light ( ! _w is t light /ill2 b :at "n 0 to be giv5 to ! s\rce ( ?is light1 or :at 7 its compon5t p>ts1 & by :om x 0 light$1 0 q indiff]5t to me40 ,! diff]5ce 9 ! two replies is "o ( words only4 ,if !re=e ,nordau ackn[l$g$ t a s5sible man c\ld ask su* a "q1 & if ! reply ( ,nordau we h j quot$ is recognis$ by him z 8 own op9ion1 he & ,tol/oi w\ld /& v mu* 9 ! same category4 ,b ,nordau does n ?9k t a p]fectly sane m9d w\ld ask su* a "q2 & if x 0 ask$1 he has ano!r reply4 ,?is reply is h[ev] f> f be+ s cle> z ! o!r4 8,if10 he says1 8on ! o!r h&1 !re is no belief 9 a ,god1 x is also impossible to =m a conception ( ! aim1 = !n ! aim exi/+ 9 consci\sness only z an idea1 9 ! abs5ce ( a univ]sal consci\sness1 has no locus = exi/5ce2 !re is no place = x 9 nature40 ,f ?is x ought to foll[ t1 if a man does n believe 9 ,god1 !re is no ,god1 & consequ5tly !re c be no aim4 ,he !n proce$s to argue t1 if !re be no aim1 x is useless to ask ! "q1 8,:]e=e am ,i alive80 b t we c ask ! "q1 8,:y d we live80 ,8 reply to ?is is *>act]i/ic3 8,we live 9 ob$i5ce to ! me*anical law ( causality1 :i* requires no plan & no univ]sal consci\sness40 ,x is curi\s to behold h[ ,nordau _c p]ceive t 8 "q1 8,:y d we live80 implies ! "q1 8,:5ce ! me*anical law ( causality80 & t 8 reply is simply1 8,we live because we live40 ,once he has accept$ ?is self-delusion z a solid f\ndation1 8 reason+ aga9 becomes rational1 & does n be> on ! po9t be=e u4 ,! mo/ a/\nd+ "p ( x is t ,nordau consid]s ,tol/oi1 & all o!rs ^: in/9ct1 ^: emotion1 & ^: immutable reason+ po9t to a cause beh9d ,nordau's home-made me*anical law ( causality1 z !reby %[+ signs ( m5tal deg5]ation4 ,nordau1 9 ord] to prove ! confusion exi/+ 9 ,tol/oi's ideas1 seems to take = grant$ t ! t5d5cy t[>ds ,pan!ism1 p]ceptible 9 ! ,russian's reason+1 is utt]ly at v>iance ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,we w\ld simply po9t out t ,tol/oi has 8 own ,*ri/ianity1 fram$ on 8 own int]pretation ( ! ,gospels1 & n any previ\sly exi/+ ,*ri/ianity1 & is !re=e at lib]ty to proclaim a cre$ :i* has a ,pan!i/ic t5d5cy )\t expos+ himself to ! reproa* ( be+ inconsequ5t4 ,b we consid] x m important to notice ! fact t ! ,gospels1 f> f lay+ d[n any dogmas1 are ! record ( ! life ( a man--div9e or n div9e--^: mission x 0 to prote/ aga9/ dogmas4 ,he call$ ,god 8,fa!r10 9 ord] to speak ( univ]sal consci\sness only 9 its relations to man1 leav+ x to ! doctr9aires & ! philosoph]s to agree z be/ !y c\ld on ! "q ( ,pan!ism or no ,pan!ism4 ,besides1 ! ,gospels c]ta9ly emphasize ! omnipres5ce ( ! ,creator2 & if ?is ,pan!i/ic t5d5cy _h n exi/$ among ! disciples1 x is n likely t ,/4 ,paul w\ld h said1 8,9 ,him we live1 we move1 & h our be+40 ,! %all[1 sup]ficial mann] 9 :i* ,nordau treats ,tol/oi's e?ics is c]ta9ly unwor?y ( him1 & am\nts simply to a quibble4 ,^! e?ics1 correctly summ$ up1 8,resi/ n evil1 judge n1 kill n10 :i* correspond precisely ) ! tea*+s ( ,*ri/1 ,nordau does n reg>d z e?ics1 b proce$s solemnly to te/ !m z exp$i5cies 9 peculi> cases1 & comes to ! conclusion t !y are ridicul\s4 ,mu/ we !n conclude t ,nordau has no su* e?ics1 b t he believes x "r to return evil = evil1--v5detta fa%ion1--t he objects to suff] wrong = a good cause1 & t he revels 9 indiscrim9ate murd]8 ,tol/oi's e?ics1 z e?ics %\ld d1 hold up ! ideal = :i* we %\ld /rive1 & z a practical te/ ( !m we mu/ consid] n ! murd] & plund] ( "o good man by a bad "o1 b ! /ate :i* w\ld ensue if all m5 con=m$ to !m4 ,! practical moral we ought to draw f !m is n t laws & law c\rts %\ld be aboli%$1 b t laws %\ld be fram$ & law c\rts %\ld be manag$ 9 su* a way z to fav\r a g5]al acceptance ( su* e?ics4 ,"h aga9 ,nordau indulges 9 illogical reason+1 & 9 contradictions ( himself4 ,he takes = grant$ t humanity is s utt]ly deprav$ t if 8! fe> ( ! gall[s did n prev5t x1 ?roat-cutt+ & /eal+ w\ld be ! mo/ g5]ally adopt$ trade40 ,?is means t ,nordau 9 "o place 9 8 book decl>es human be+s are too good1 too noble1 too hone/ to ne$ any belief 9 a hell1 b 9 ano!r place decl>es t !y are f> too deprav$ to d )\t ! fe> ( ! gall[s4 ,he =gets t good e?ics h sprung f ! good in/9cts ( our race1 & t crime has l>gely be5 fo/]$ by bad laws1 bad law c\rts1 & bad in/itutions4 ,9 "o ( 8 /ories1 entitl$ ,f ! ,di>y ( ,ne*ljud[1 ,tol/oi's h]o1 ,pr9ce ,ne*ljud[1 is a mo/ ecc5tric "*1 creat$ probably = ! purpose ( %[+ ! absurdity ( indiscrim9ate *>ity & o!r impulsive actions ( ! erratics ( our day4 ,nordau gives an acc\nt ( "o ( ! in/ances 9 :i* ! ,pr9ce's selfi% way ( practis+ *>ity is =cibly br\ght out4 ,he evid5tly does ?is 9 ord] t ! ,pr9ce's action %\ld be accept$ z an illu/ration ( :at ,tol/oi means by *>ity4 ,?is is bo? absurd & unju/4 ,x am\nts to an id5tification ( ! au?or ) ! "* he repres5ts--a way ( ins9uat+ deg5]acy 9 au?ors :o simply hold x up 9 _! *>act]s z a w>n+4 ,to ?us mix up au?ors ) _! *>act]s is a mi/ake frequ5tly committ$ by un9tellig5t read]s1 b x is surpris+ to f9d t ) ,nordau x is an habitual me?od4 ,) reg>d to ! "* ,pozdnys*eff1 ,nordau does ! same ?+4 ,he takes = grant$ t ! op9ions express$ by ?is "* are ^? ( ! au?or4 ,! passages he extracts f ,%ort ,expositions1 9 :i* ,tol/oi's own op9ions are express$1 9 no wise ju/ify su* a supposition4 ,nordau's explanation ( ! enorm\s success ,tol/oi's books h a*iev$ is t x is due to g5]al deg5]ation among ! upp] classes ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,if he c\ld p]sonally meet ! hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( ,engli% p :o h read ,tol/oi's works1 he w\ld be able to =m an idea ( ! imm5sity ( 8 mi/ake4 ,he w\ld f9d t ! majority ( ^! p belong to a middle class1 consi/+ ( p]sons :o are n ov]work$ & :o indulge 9 none ( ! vices ( ! cont95tal ari/ocracies4 ,_! muscles & _! n]ves h be5 /r5g!n$ & =tifi$ by a heal?y education1 & by a love ( bodily ex]cise1 sport & ev5 dang]1 & by a moral life4 ,!y live 9 a c\ntry :]e ! au?orities h f\nd t to proscribe any lic5ti\s book is to promote its sale1 & :]e consequ5tly !re is h>dly any *eck ^u morbid lit]ature4 ,yet !re is n a c\ntry :]e less ( x is circulat$ ?an 9 ,engl&4 ,x is true t ^! read]s ( ,tol/oi h n atta9$ to t height ( intellectual developm5t :i* w\ld p]mit !m to accept ,nordau's 8me*anical causality0 z a satisfy+ explanation ( ! univ]se2 b1 on ! o!r h&1 x w\ld be difficult to f9d a p s religi\sly incl9$1 & yet s free f sup]/ition & fanaticism4 ,"s ( !m may l ,rossetti's pictures1 & _m ( !m ,burne ,jones's1 b z a rule !y h an equal admiration = ,raphael1 ,t9toretto1 ,correggio1 & o!rs4 ,!y _c be class$ among ! my/ics on t acc\nt4 ,z few ( !m write books1 !y _c be call$ graphomaniacs4 ,nor d !y %[ any signs ( be+ egomaniacs4 ,nor h !y any physical /igmata ( deg5]ates4 ,! heads ( ?is class are g5]ally beautifully %ap$1 & ! e>s ( ! wom5 are by all =eign]s :o visit ?is c\ntry proclaim$ to be ! f9e/ & da9tie/ e>s 9 ! _w4 ,p]sonal beauty among ?is class is decid$ly on ! increase2 = ea* g5]ation seems to be bett]-look+1 & ! y\nge/ is g5]ally ! mo/ beautiful4 ,! latt] fact1 we may m5tion1 is no d\bt due to ! increas+ t5d5cy ( ! upp] & middle classes 9 ,engl& to beautify _! homes & to surr\nd !mselves ) exquisite objects1 z well z to a m intellectual education1 pa/imes1 pleasures1 & arts4 ,:y !n mu/ ^! read]s ( ,tol/oi's works be class$ z deg5]ate8 ,x is n d5i$ t 9 ,engl& !re are p :o exhibit signs ( m5tal deg5]ation1 b !y are to be f\nd m 9 lit]>y & political circles ?an 9 ! close ranks ( ! upp] & middle classes4 ,we w\ld n und]take to class !m "u ! head+s e/abli%$ by ! ali5i/1 & x w\ld be difficult ev5 = ,nordau to d s4 ,p]haps !y are n suffici5tly advanc$ 9 deg5]acy to be s class$4 ,su* signs z !y exhibit are "s ( !m z old z ! hills1 & o!rs are cle>ly ! manife/ations ( t intellectual & moral daze :i* g5]ally foll[s on ! de/ruction ( ! religi\s f\ndations ( belief involv$ 9 ! acceptance ( belief 9 sci5tific a!ism4 ,b ! mo/ preval5t =m ( deg5]acy is t :i* is palpably ! result ( f9ancial depression1 felt n only 9 f9ancial b arti/ic & lit]>y circles4 ,= reasons :i* we leave to ! economi/s to expla91 ,engl&'s comm]ce & agriculture seem to h come to a dead-lock4 ,! result seems to be dim9i%$ incomes all r\nd4 ,_m arti/s1 littrateurs1 & politicians are at _! wits' end h[ to make an income1 & !re c be little d\bt t ?is has fo/]$ a c]ta9 am\nt ( demoralization4 ,extraord9>y attempts are made to produce s5sational pictures1 to write ecc5tric poetry1 to s5d =? books t w %ock1 & to treat ( risky subjects on ! /age4 ,politicians are oblig$ to make politics a pr(ession1 &1 z popul>ity is indisp5sable to x z a pr(itable pr(ession1 !y wor%ip majorities4 ,any "o :o is acqua9t$ ) ,london _c d\bt = a mom5t t ^! =ms ( demoralization spr+ entirely f a necessity ( mak+ a liv+4 ,arti/s1 au?ors1 & politicians ( ?is class are no m incl9$ to lunacy ?an ! va/ class ( p :o d di/a/eful "w1 z well z ^? :o h to appe> be=e ! public 9 dang]\s b n mu* e/eem$ p]=mances4 ,if ! f9ancial depression is de/9$ to disappe>1 !re c be little d\bt t ! majority ( ^! signs ( demoralization w also disappe>4 ,!re are 9 ?is c\ntry1 z ev]y:]e else1 real deg5]ates1 p :o h weak5$ _! bra9s & moral faculties by dr9k1 debau*1 ov]work1 or p]sons :o h inh]it$ m5tal debility4 ,!re are also among u1 we regret to say1 an al>m+ numb] ( de/itute p :o h be5 driv5 into m5tal d]angem5t by ^? t]rible pangs t mis]y inflicts4 ,b all ^! deg5]ates c>e z little = ,tol/oi's novels z !y d = ,rossetti's or ,burne ,jones's pictures4 ,?\gh ,engli% circum/ances are va/ly diff]5t f cont95tal1 !re c be no d\bt t ! causes :i* h r5d]$ ,tol/oi's novels popul> are ! same "h z 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,! sci5tific a!i/s h introduc$ into lit]ature a mat]iali/1 selfi%1 sceptical1 pessimi/ic1 & cynical tone :i* 0 tol]at$ by ! public = a long "t4 ,on ! cont95t !y _h ,zola & 8 wret*$ imitators1 ^: books f\nd _! way among u1 :ile ,engl& has produc$ a crop ( neurotic /orytell]s1 playwrights1 & v]sifi]s1 made up = ! mo/ "p ( mascul9e wom5 & effem9ate m51 :o h exploit$ to ! utmo/ ! a!i/ic ve94 ,! noble _s :i* a!ism 0 to br+ to ! front someh[ did n take to lit]ature1 & ! read+ classes ( ! _w began to miss ^? pure joys :i* read+ us$ to af=d !m4 ,! books ( ! day (f5d$ _! religi\s feel+s1 _! s5se ( dec5cy1 _! l(tie/ conceptions ( ! _w1 & _! self-e/eem1 )\t amus+ !m4 ,! :ole lit]ature ( fiction _h become /ilt$1 & ! morbid & pessimi/ic au?ors dep>t$ s widely f nature & ev9c$ s _m signs ( utt] ins9c]ity t ! read+ _w long$ to be face to face ) a man :o spoke 8 inn]mo/ ?\ghts4 ,! _w 0 !re=e ready = a new dep>ture 9 lit]ature4 ,:at wond] !n t ,tol/oi's works 7 well receiv$4 ,!y bore witness to consummate ability1 a close /udy ( human nature4 ,!y pres5t$ a true picture ( social ,russia4 ,!y af=d$ an insight into ! ,russian m9d4 ,8 read]s exp]i5c$ ! intellectual treat (f]$ by few books1--t ( feel+ ! pres5ce ( a ma/]-m9d1 & ( foll[+ ! ?\ghts ( a ?or\ghly s9c]e writ]1 free f ! *eap ready-made mat]iali/ philosophy--a man :o devotes bo? 8 life & 8 "w1 ) almo/ sup]human en]gy1 to ! reg5]ation ( 8 race4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,! ,,real ,,ibs5 ,9 read+ ,nordau's *apt] on ,ibs51 "o _c help wond]+ :y our ali5i/ has giv5 8 book ! =m he has4 ,! feel+ :i* ! prec$+ cont5ts ( 8 "w h m or less inspir$--t !re is a discrepancy betwe5 ! app>5t plan ( ! "w & its execution--almo/ rip5s into conviction on ! p]usal ( 8 *apt] on ,ibs54 ,he says 9 8 d$ication to ,pr(essor ,lombroso3 8,n[ ,i h und]tak5 ! "w ( inve/igat+ ! t5d5cies ( ! fa%ion 9 art & lit]ature1 ( prov+ t !y h _! s\rce 9 ! deg5]acy ( _! au?ors1 & t ! en?usiasm ( _! admir]s is = manife/ations ( m or less pron\nc$ moral insanity1 imbecility1 & dem5tia40 ,he also says t he 8v5tures to fill a void 9 y\r ,lombroso's p[]ful sy/em40 ,f :at he says high] up on ! same page ab\t ! p[] ( books & works ( art to influ5ce ! masses1 & 8 _m h9ts 9 o!r p>ts ( ! book1 z1 = example1 9 its conclud+ pages1 we mu/ und]/& t 8 great object is to d :at he c to arre/ ! d[nw>d movem5t ( human intellig5ce4 ,he ?us assumes t !re is a deg5]at+ process go+ on ?r\gh\t civilization1 b att5tive read]s ( 8 book feel ! :ole "t t ?is assumption1 f> f be+ prov$ to be correct1 re/s on data suppli$ by ,nordau1 :i* /rongly w>n 8 read]s to accept !m only ) a gra9 ( salt4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re are a ho/ ( indications 9 all civiliz$ c\ntries po9t+ to an increase 9 intellectual p[]1 moral /r5g?1 & /hetic ref9em5t4 ,"s ( ^! indications w\ld probably n be und]valu$ by ,nordau himself3 ! rapid progress ( sci5ce1 ! increas+ education among ! masses1 ! l>ge numb] ( newspap]s & p]iodicals deal+ intellig5tly ) v>i\s bran*es ( k1 pr(essions1 & trades1 ! wid] application ( sci5tific me?ods to indu/ry1 wond]ful inv5tions1 n ! outcome ( discov]y1 b ( intellig5t induction1 ! decay ( sup]/ition1 love ( inve/igation1 etc4 ,nordau1 hav+ all[$ t ! te/ ( a s\nd m9d is its ability to att5d rationally to "o's bus9ess1 ought to recognize t ! gr[? ( intellectual p[] is manife/ 9 improv$ bus9ess me?ods1 skill1 manufactur+1 complicat$ & d>+ f9ancial s*emes1 +5i\s co-op]ative sy/ems1 well-manag$ & discipl9$ trades'-unions1 nay1 ev5 clev]ly laid plots to defraud4 ,an increas+ moral /r5g? is prov$ by ! gr[? ( ! altrui/ic feel+1 ! devotion ) :i* ! cause ( humanity1 morality1 & progress is s]v$ by p :o1 ?anks to sci5tific scepticism1 expect no rew>d 9 ano!r _w2 ! great] s9c]ity obs]vable 9 all religi\s bodies1 ! magnitude ( *>itable in/itutions1 ! magnific5t h]oism display$ by capta9s & crews on s9k+ %ips1 by our life-boat m5 9 attempt+ to save ! %ipwreck$1 by our colli]s' ef=ts to rescue ! victims ( explosions1 etc4 ,! great victories ( ! ,g]mans ov] ! ,fr5* & ! complete success ( ! comm&]s' d>+ tactics h be5 l>gely1 & probably correctly1 ascrib$ to ! moral qualities ( ! ,g]man army1 :ile ! utt] defeat ( ! ,fr5* _c be ascrib$ to ! want ( moral qualities1 b to bad lead]%ip4 ,a qu>t] ( a c5tury has elaps$ s9ce ! ,franco-,g]man w>1 b !re is no reason to believe t ! moral qualities ( ! ,g]man army h deg5]at$4 ,t no deg5]acy has tak5 place 9 ! ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,italian armies has be5 prov$ by ! ,*itral exp$ition1 by ! ,fr5* w> ) ,madagasc>1 & by ! ,italian op]ations 9 ,africa4 ,if1 despite ^! manife/ signs ( gr[+ intellectual p[] & moral /r5g?1 ,nordau's deep insight into psy*ological matt]s has reveal$ to him a m5tal deg5]acy 9 ! civiliz$ _w1 8 way ( inve/igat+ su* decay1 8 mode ( deal+ ) x1 & especially ! causes he attributes to x1 are too vacillat+1 too contradictory1 & too biass$ to inspire confid5ce4 ,:ile sometimes1 z 9 8 *apt] entitl$ 8,etiology10 he ref]s to su* causes z ! increase 9 ! consumption ( spirits & tobacco1 ! factory sy/em1 ov]work1 ov]cr[d+--all causes palpable to all :o h giv5 any att5tion to social que/ions1--9 ! re/ ( 8 book he seems to reg>d c]ta9 popul> writ]s & arti/s z ! great cause ( g5]al deg5]ation :o %\ld be specially notic$4 ,?is contradiction _c be expla9$ away on ! plea t 8 book is only "p ( a wid] inve/igation :i* has already be5 made1 or might be made1 reg>d+ ! causes ( deg5]ation1 & t1 s long z 8 "w is int5d$ to treat ( ! influ5ce ( lit]ature & art1 8 ignor+ ( o!r causes is legitimate4 ,if an effect is fir/ attribut$ to "o cause & !n to ano!r1 we may be sure t !re is some?+ wrong ) ! reason+4 ,we _c prove fir/ t ! t5d5cy to hy/]ia1 s common 9 p engag$ 9 a c]ta9 class ( bus9ess1 is due to ov]work1 & aft]w>ds prove t ! same t5d5cy 9 ! same p is due to ,rossetti's pictures or to ,sw9burne's poems4 ,nordau nev] furni%es an explanation ( ! enorm\s importance he atta*es to ! influ5ce ( writ]s & arti/s1 & ! small importance he atta*es to ! m palpable causes ( deg5]ation1 ( ! exi/5ce ( "s ( :i* he is aw>e4 ,nor does he tell u h[ he reconciles ! two facts1 alt]nately insi/$ ^u by him1 t deg5]ation 9 arti/s is ! cause ( deg5]ation 9 _! surr\nd+s2 & aga91 t ! deg5]ation ( _! surr\nd+s is ! cause ( deg5]ation 9 arti/s & au?ors4 ,if su* arti/s & au?ors z ,nordau believes to be deg5]ate are ! effect ( deg5]ation all r\nd1 !y are surely ! smalle/ & lea/ deplorable results1 & x 0 c]ta9ly n wor? :ile to write s bulky a volume ab\t !m4 ,nordau m5tions ab\t a score2 & :at is a score comp>$ to ! mass ( humanity1 or to ! five hundr$ million p includ$ 9 we/]n civilization8 ,a deg5]ation t w\ld n h o!r results ?an t ( produc+ tw5ty deg5]ate m51 :o1 ?\gh !y are 9 _m respects a s\rce ( enjoym5t to _m1 may h a gra9 ( insanity 9 _! bra9s1 w\ld n be wor? notic+4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ^! suppos$ deg5]ates are n :at1 to ! ord9>y m9d1 !y decid$ly appe> to be--! *ildr5 ( _! "t--b ! actual causes ( su* s]i\s psy*ological effects :i* /ati/ics seem to reveal1 we are face to face ) a ph5om5on :i* surely dem&$ a diff]5t me?od ( inve/igation4 ,! real connection betwe5 ! causes & ! effects %\ld h be5 asc]ta9$4 ,= in/ance1 ! mo/ al>m+ feature ( deg5]ation 9 ,engl&--t weak-m9d$ness :i* leads to drunk5ness--%\ld h be5 connect$ ) ! my/ical pa9t]s & poets1 & %\ld h be5 prov$ n to h be5 ! result ( ^? causes :i* seem palpable to e man4 ,!n ! influ5ce ( individuals on ! masses 9 g5]al %\ld h be5 asc]ta9$4 ,hi/ory (f]s a wide field = su* an inve/igation4 ,if x _h be5 f\nd t au?ors & arti/s ex]cise less influ5ce ?an o!r individuals1 su* z sov]eigns1 /atesm51 prophets1 re=m]s1 revolution>y lead]s1 discov]]s1 explor]s1 & o!rs1 ! influ5ce ( ^! %\ld h at fir/ be5 /udi$1 & :at c\ld n be attribut$ to !m might h be5 laid at ! door ( arti/s & au?ors4 ,9 exam9+ hi/ory1 old & new1 we are /ruck ) ! extremely slight effects :i* h be5 produc$ by littrateurs & arti/s1 & ! enorm\s1 all-p[]ful influ5ce ex]cis$ by o!r individuals4 ,books h influ5c$ books1 poets h influ5c$ poets1 pa9t]s h influ5c$ pa9t]s1 b ! political1 social1 intellectual1 moral1 & /hetical developm5t ( a nation has ov] & ov] aga9 be5 completely det]m9$ by m5 :o h be5 nei!r arti/s nor au?ors4 ,9 mod]n times ! same fact is palpable4 ,has ev] ! _w be5 influ5c$ m ?an by su* m5 z ,cav\r1 ,pr9ce ,bism>ck1 ,mr4 ,glad/one1 ,napoleon ,,iii48 & h[ might n ! fate ( humanity be det]m9$ 9 ! ne> future by su* m5 z1 = example1 ! ,emp]or ( ,g]many & ! ,cz> ( ,russia8 ,on ! m5tal qualities ( ! ,emp]or ( ,g]many dep5ds l>gely :e!r ,g]many is to be cru%$ "u ! army sy/em2 :e!r x is to be ru9$ by f9ancial blund]+s2 :e!r !re %all be peaceful developm5t ( its res\rces1 or w> to ! knife betwe5 its classes2 :e!r heal?y re=ms %all gradually cle> away its social anomalies1 or :e!r a revolution ( unprec$5t$ atrocity %all uproot its v f\ndations2 :e!r its inhabitants %all develop ^? *>act]i/ics to :i* peace & happ9ess are conducive1 or ^? :i* w\ld inevitably be fo/]$ if ,g]many 7 made ! battle-field ( mod]n armies4 ,on ! m5tal qualities ( ! ,cz> dep5d directly ! de/9y ( a hundr$ million p1 & indirectly ! peace ( ! _w4 ,russia is only too will+ to progress "u an imp]ial lead]4 ,on ! occasion ( 8 accession to ! ?rone & 8 m>riage1 millions ( p anxi\sly scann$ 8 portrait & tri$ to read 9 8 features ! fate ( ,europe4 ,! pres5ce ( l9es suppos$ to indicate weak "* produc$ prophecies ( cl]ical dom9ation1 opposition to progress1 & dea? to ,russia2 :ile a k9dly expression ( ! eyes inspir$ _m ) hopes ( a new era = ,tol/oi's un=tunate c\ntrym54 ,x is n only p]sonages ( high rank & sov]eign p[] ^: m5tal /ate is ( utmo/ importance to humanity4 ,! political situation 9 mo/ c\ntries is capable ( produc+ at any mom5t a man :o1 )\t be+ ei!r an au?or or an arti/1 might be able to *ange ! de/9y ( nations4 ,x is n ! opportunity t is want+1 x is ! m54 ,france is pant+ = a man4 ,! work+ classes 9 ,am]ica & 9 ,engl& /& 9 ne$ ( a good lead]4 ,9 ,g]many ,liebkne*t ?reat5s to divide ! p[] ) ! ,emp]or4 ,a political ,tol/oi might1 at ! head ( ! ,russian p1 sweep ! recreant bureaucrats f 8 ,fa!rl&4 ,x is !n sov]eigns1 politicians1 & popul> lead]s ^: m5tal /ate is ( ! utmo/ importance1 & ^: influ5ce may ov]:elm+ly det]m9e ! m5tal & moral developm5t ( humanity4 ,an answ] to ! "q :e!r !y are deg5]ates1 or :e!r !y are ( m5tally or morally s\nd m9d1 is mom5t\s to ! :ole civiliz$ _w1 especially if x be admitt$ t ! m9ds ( ! race are s susceptible ( be+ m\ld$ by ! m9ds ( influ5tial m54 ,b :o are ! m5 :om ,nordau blames = ! deg5]acy = :i* he f9ds ! pro( 9 /ati/ics8 ,poets & arti/s1 ^: v names are kn[n only to ! educat$ classes1 & :o = ! mo/ "p supply :at ! m>ket dem&s1 or simply reflect ! society ar\nd !m4 ,! mo/ surpris+ ( all is t he himself d5ies any p[] or any tal5t 9 "s ( ^! m51 call+ !m--to omit 8 worse epi!ts--su* names z drivell+ idiots1 weak-m9d$ graphomaniacs1 etc4 ,"o condition seems h[ev] necess>y be=e a man c receive ! complim5t ( be+ call$ names by ,nordau--he mu/ h attract$ public att5tion4 ,we h !re=e said1 & repeat x1 t 8 desp]ate attempt to make out ,ibs5 to be a deg5]ate r5d]s x impossible to =m a cle> idea ( 8 object1 or ( 8 reasons1 = ! me?ods he has adopt$4 ,h5rik ,ibs5 aims n at be+ a prophet1 a tea*]1 or a reg5]ator ( mank9d ei!r by lit]>y or sci5tific me?ods4 ,no "o c detect 9 8 works special e?ics1 or p>ticul> religi\s or social views4 ,x is *>act]i/ic ( 8 pieces--& accord+ to _m ( 8 oppon5ts a great fault 9 !m--t he po9ts no moral1 t ! que/ions involv$ rema9 at ! end ( ! piece exactly :]e !y 7 at ! beg9n+1 t 8 h]oes & h]o9es are no h]oes & no h]o9es1 & _c s]ve z models ( conduct4 ,8 oppon5ts & admir]s alike compla9 t !y _c get at 8 mean+1 & t he w n expla9 himself4 ,x is !re=e surpris+ t !re %\ld be s mu* talk ab\t ! influ5ce he ex]cises1 & t ,nordau himself %\ld speak ab\t 8,ibs5's dogmas10 8,ibs5's code ( morals10 & ab\t ,ibs5 himself z a 8re=m]40 ,^? :o speak ab\t ,ibs5's influ5ce on ! e?ics ( our "t _c1 z a rule1 give any explanation ( _! mean+ :i* c ju/ify ! importance !y atta* to x4 ,!y are apt to po9t to 8 influ5ce on ! ,engli% drama & blame him = c]ta9 ( its objectionable features4 ,b to ^? :o und]/& 8 pieces x is p]fectly cle> t he has n be5 foll[$ by ,engli% dramati/s 9 su* ?+s z h made him fam\s & popul>4 ,!y h cont5t$ !mselves ) imitat+ c]ta9 situations & ) ref]r+ to "s objectionable feature 9 mod]n society1 :i* ,ibs5 does reluctantly1 compell$ to d s by ! situation1 & 9 ord] to emphasize types ( "* :i* are only too common 9 e civiliz$ c\ntry1 b are s closely drap$ 9 hypocrisy z to require ! great dramati/'s l5s to %[ !m up4 ,8 imitators h[ev] exemplify entirely exceptional cases & conjure up *>act]s ! prototypes ( :i* x w\ld be extremely h>d to f9d4 ,he aims at pres5t+ /]n reality2 !y aim at produc+ risky situations4 ,inde$1 8 imitators _c be said to h be5 influ5c$ by him m ?an has 8 brilliant p>odi/1 ,mr4 ,f4 ,an/ey4 ,9 ,g]many1 z 9 ! ,sc&9avian c\ntries1 compla9ts are sometimes rais$ aga9/ ,ibs5's influ5ce on wom51 especially "y wom54 ,our daught]s are gett+ ,ibs5iz$1 is ! cry rais$ by a numb] ( ,phili/9e p>5ts4 ,x is p]haps natural t ,ibs5's influ5ce on wom5 9 ^? c\ntries1 :]e ! /ag+ ( ,ibs5's pieces recalls m famili> pres5tations %\ld be great] ?an 9 ,engl&1 :]e ! ,norwegian mann] ( life is b little kn[n4 ,b too mu* weight might easily be atta*$ to ! diff]5ce 9 acqua9tance ) ,norway4 ,!re is a f> m p[]ful reason :y ,ibs5's s-call$ influ5ce %\ld appe> to be m m>k$ on ,g]man & ,norwegian wom5 ?an on ,engli% wom54 ,) ! exception ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 !re is no c\ntry 9 ! _w :]e respectable wom5 are bett] treat$ ?an 9 ,engl&4 ,an old adage says1 ) a great deal ( tru?1 t ! wife ( ! ,g]man is 8 slave1 ! wife ( ! ,fr5*man is 8 mi/ress1 & ! wife ( ! ,engli%man is ! que5 ( 8 h\se4 ,! ,g]man woman c]ta9ly has ( old held a position 9 h] home :i* might well lead h] to envy ! ,engli% woman1 & z ! ,sc&9avian c\ntries h be5 l>gely affect$ by ,g]many 9 _! social mann]s & habits1 ! wom5 ( ^! c\ntries h ample cause = dissatisfaction4 ,s9ce ! "t ( ,fr$]ika ,brem]1 a woman's revolt has be5 brew+ 9 ! ,sc&9avian c\ntries1 & ! aspirations = m lib]ty1 a m natural life1 & m happ9ess h be5 con/antly becom+ /rong]1 & 7 highly develop$ be=e ,ibs5's fir/ piece appe>$4 ,besides1 ! spread ( ,engli% fiction 9 ,g]many & 9 ! nor!rn c\ntries ( ,europe has %[n ! wom5 ( ^? c\ntries t a happi] life is q possible4 ,! road to ! realization ( su* aspirations 0 h[ev] b>r$ by cu/om & ! selfi% view ( ! "q tak5 by ! m54 ,!y _h no objection to high-spirit$1 tal5t$1 well-dress$1 & lively wom51 ^: attractions c\ld evoke 9 !m romantic & ard5t feel+s2 & a great _m knew well en\gh t leisure1 exemption f h>d "w1 good food1 pl5ty ( ex]cise1 suitable fri5ds1 arti/ic surr\nd+s1 good books1 a fair am\nt ( pleasure1 & consid]ate treatm5t 7 requir$ to trans=m a "y woman into t fem99e ideal :i* !y wor%ipp$ 9 _! imag9ation4 ,b !y repudiat$ entirely ! idea ( hav+ su* ideals 9 _! wives4 ,x w\ld h cla%$ f> too mu* ) ! traditional type ( a good wife1 & to m>ry "o deviat+ f ?is type w\ld h set ! :ole circle ( acqua9tances talk+4 ,besides1 a wife con=m+ to ! ideal 0 consid]$ an exp5sive luxury1 lead+ to wa/e ( money :i* c\ld be mu* bett] employ$4 ,mo!rs ( girls1 well acqua9t$ ) ! m>riage m>ket1 consequ5tly ex]t$ all _! en]gy to =m _! daught]s = ! positions !y 7 expect$ to occupy4 ,h\se-clean+1 wa%+1 cook+1 d>n+1 etc41--?is 0 :at !y _h to le>n4 ,a demure demean\r 0 :at !y _h to practise4 ,! society ( m5 0 :at !y _h to avoid4 ,romantic ideas _h1 above all1 to be suppress$1 & only su* love z w\ld come aft] m>riage1 or at lea/ aft] betro?al1 0 consid]$ legitimate & dec5t4 ,a great feature 9 _! education 0 to closely obs]ve ! evils & tr\bles :i* foll[$ ^u pov]ty1 & h[ mu* m com=table life w\ld be ) a prosp]\s ?\gh unattractive husb& ?an ) a belov$ man :o might n succe$ 9 ! _w4 ,! idea ( refus+ a proposal ( m>riage f a well-to-d man1 h[ev] old & prosy1 0 reg>d$ z prepo/]\s1 & any respectable girl dream+ ( su* a ?+ w\ld h be5 consid]$ z a romantic1 ungrateful hussy4 ,z ! m5 seldom m>ri$ "y1 ! girls 7 taught to ask no que/ions ab\t _! pa/1 & 7 tra9$ to sacrifice all _! ideals ( purity1 _! dreams ( love1 :at a free woman w\ld call h] self-respect1 _! future happ9ess1 _! heal?ful y\?1 on ! alt> ( ,phili/9e respectability4 ,!re are o!r ways ( degrad+ wom5 besides yok+ !m ) an ox to a pl\gh1 & t !y 7 degrad$ & de-naturaliz$ ! ?9k+ ,g]man & ,sc&9avian wom5 _h felt long be=e ,ibs5 wrote plays4 ,! /ruggle = bett] treatm5t 0 h[ev] extremely weak & ! progress t[>ds emancipation extremely sl[4 ,j z oppressive gov]nm5t1 ) its police p]secution1 gags op5 discont5t & drives ! =ces ( revolt "u gr\nd1 s ! tyranny ov] ! ,g]man & ,sc&9avian wom5--:5 tradition & prejudice prev5t$ op5 manife/ations--develop$ 9 ! he>ts ( wom51 especially among ! mo/ gift$1 a dang]\sly /rong _s ( revolt4 ,already at ! "t :5 ,ibs5 began to write !re 7 num]\s b isolat$ outbreaks4 ,! old treatm5t1 :i* g5]ally result$ 9 turn+ ! m>ri$ woman into a dull1 despond5t h\se-slave1 a s\r$ invalid1 a nagg+ scold1 or a gossip+ zany1 began to produce sc(f+ ,aspasias1 neurotic adv5turesses1 & "h & !re av5g+ furies4 ,?is t5d5cy to revolt among ! wom5 0 /rong] 9 ,norway ?an 9 ! o!r c\ntries1 because x develop$ p>allel ) t e?ical awak5+--! new ,a&#a--:i* dur+ ! latt] "p ( ?is c5tury has tak5 possession ( s _m ,norwegian m9ds2 also because ! /rongly imag9ative & contemplative "* ( ! ,norwegian p1 & ! int5sely emotional nature ( _! wom51 l$ !m to brood ov] _! wrongs 9 a ?or\ghly ,norwegian fa%ion4 ,bett] education & wide read+ t5d$ 9 ! same direction4 ,footnote #a3 ,a&1 ! ,norwegian = _s1 inspiration4 ,ibs5 has !re=e n ,ibs5iz$ ! ,sc&9avian ladies4 ,he has simply seiz$ ^u a social ph5om5on &1 und]/&+ its gravity1 has held x up to 8 contempor>ies = a /udy & a w>n+4 ,nordau1 hav+ committ$ ! egregi\s mi/ake ( believ+ t ,ibs5 has inv5t$ :]eas he has 9 reality only copi$1 & t a social ph5om5on :i* is natural to intellectual & moral progress is a result ( ,ibs5's writ+s1 is1 9 8 capacity ( ! mo/ ,g]man ( ,g]mans1 naturally wro? ) ,ibs5 = repres5t+ z a social evil :at a normal s\nd-m9d$ common-s5se ,g]man--! v type ( ! non-deg5]ate--w\ld consid] z a useful & com=table arrangem5t4 ,!re are sev]al excuses = ,nordau's belief t ,ibs5 misrepres5ts reality4 ,! improvem5t 9 woman's /atus 9 society has no d\bt advanc$ m 9 ,g]many ?an 9 ! ,sc&9avian c\ntries4 ,x is possible t ! ,d[ag] ,empress's influ5ce z an ,engli%woman has n be5 s great z is g5]ally suppos$1 b !re c be little d\bt t ,engli% novels1 f ,*>lotte ,bront's ,jane ,eyre upw>ds1 h consid]ably fur!r$ ju/ice t[>ds ,g]man wom54 ,! close bus9ess connections betwe5 ,g]many & ,engl&1 ! num]\s ,g]mans :o h _h a long exp]i5ce ( ,engli% life1 h no d\bt done mu* to spread ,engli% social views 9 ,g]many4 ,! ,g]man wom5 may !re=e n[ h less cause = discont5t & revolt ?an ! ,sc&9avian wom51 & x is excusable if ! ,g]mans consid] t !y treat !m fairly & well4 ,to obs]v+ ,engli%m5 :o visit ,g]many x is h[ev] cle> t ! :ole ,phili/9e idea ( ! h\sewife is /ill prevail+ 9 t c\ntry4 ,a great numb] ( husb&s consid] x a di/9ct advantage to be able to ?r[ (f all re/ra9t 9 _! own homes & to compel _! wives to accommodate !mselves z well z !y c to _! :ims1 _! habits1 _! indulg5ces4 ,t exasp]at+ type1 ! h\se-tyrant1 :i* is f\nd 9 all c\ntries1 & n seldom 9 ,engl&1 is especially preval5t 9 ,g]many4 ,g]man m5 are well aw>e t _! wives h no?+ 9 common ) ! fasc9at+ ideal woman ( _! imag9ation1 & !y are q satisfi$ t x %\ld be s4 ,_! "w1 _! /udies1 _! pr(ession1 or _! bus9ess dem&s all _! att5tion1 & !y c\ld n dream ( dismiss+ !m f _! m9ds :5 !y ent] _! homes4 ,a woman :o w\ld di/ract h] husb&'s att5tion f su* important subjects w\ld be an imp$im5t to 8 success1 :ile ! typical h\sewife1 by h] c>es & m9i/rations1 fur!rs x4 ,l mo/ m51 ,g]mans h *ivalr\s lean+s1 & enjoy a c\rte\s int]c\rse ) ladies1 b x is g5]ally n _! wives :o reap ! advantages ( ?is ta/e4 ,x is ! o!r ladies1 ^? !y meet 9 society1 & n seldom d !y mu/] all _! p[]s ( gallantry1 all _! means ( pleas+1 & all _! faculty to amuse 9 ! company ( wom5 ( light "*1 (t5 9 e respect inf]ior to _! wives4 ,x is ^? ,g]man wom5 :o feel t _! happ9ess & _! lives h be5 sacrific$1 n = _! husb&s1 b to a vici\s conception ( m>ri$ life1 :o sympa?ize ) ! wom5 ( ,ibs51 & h ?us contribut$ l>gely to ! fame ( t dramati/ 9 ,g]many4 ,ibs5 has n ,ibs5iz$ ! ,g]man ladies1 b 8 pieces h reveal$ ! exi/5ce ( a grudge long h>b\r$ by ,g]man wom54 ,x is only j to record t1 ?\gh ,engli%wom51 especially ^? :o live & are treat$ up to ! ,engli% ideal1 z we m5tion$ be=e1 live "u mu* happi] circum/ances z *ildr51 girls1 fiances1 & wives1 !re are _m ( our c\ntrywom5 ^: m>riages h be5 a cruel disillusion4 ,_m ,engli%m5 m>ry too "y1 be=e !y "k _! own m9ds1 & "u ! fev]i% impulse ( a fir/ love4 ,:5 su* "y husb&s are ?\ghtless1 selfi%1 or :5 !y h made a bad *oice1 a mis]able m>ri$ life is ! result4 ,9 a great numb] ( "y h\seholds happ9ess prevails1 ?anks to ! /rong-m9d$ness & tact ( ! "y wife1 :o c take c>e ( h]self & ( h] husb& also4 ,b ?\s&s ( m>riages turn out utt] failures1 n = want ( love1 b f ! husb&'s utt] ignorance ( h[ to take c>e ( 8 wife's heal?1 beauty1 & happ9ess4 ,?\gh x is ! fa%ion 9 ?is c\ntry n to adapt b to translate lit]ally ,ibs5's pieces1 !re w\ld be no difficulty to s adapt !m z to r5d] !m exact repres5tations ( ! /ate ( _m an ,engli% home4 ,& ?is is suffici5t to expla9 8 fame 9 ,engl&4 ,"h1 z on ! cont95t1 x is ! selfi%1 mean1 bully+ husb&s :o _c f9d any s5se 9 ,ibs5's pieces1 & :o are extremely %ock$ at :at !y consid] ,ibs5's p]v]sion 9 attempt+ to enli/1 by inexplicable devices1 ! sympa?ies ( ! audi5ce = ! err+ wife1 :5 ^! %\ld be v\*saf$ to ! husb&1 :o appe>s to be su* a respectable1 common-s5se man4 ,:5 ,ibs5 ?us calls att5tion to ! importance & ! gravity ( ! feel+ ( revolt :i* has long rankl$ 9 ! m9ds ( ?9k+ wom5 all ov] ! _w1 & :i* manife/$ itself long be=e ,ibs5's pieces 7 kn[n outside ,norway1 he _c fairly be said to be responsible = ! gr[+ discont5t4 ,9 reality1 he has r5d]$ ! _w a great s]vice3 = ! new views & aspirations ( mod]n educat$ wom5 c nei!r be suppress$ nor ignor$ )\t consid]able dang] to society4 ,9 ord] to und]/& t ! dem& = ! purification ( m>riage is n a transitory :im1 x w suffice to consid] :o made ! m>riage laws1 &1 :at is m important1 :o inaugurat$ ! traditional views conc]n+ !m4 ,m5 alone did4 ,n ! "y m51 :o w\ld be l>gely sway$ by ! ye>n+ = true love & by *ivalr\s consid]ations1 b ! law-mak]s ( old2 t is to say1 eld]ly m5 ( influ5ce & =tune4 ,9 ! old5 times1 :5 ! f\ndations ( social cu/oms 7 laid1 ! rights ( wom5 7 consid]ably less respect$ ?an 9 our days2 & "u su* circum/ances ! law-mak]s did n feel call$ ^u to consid] woman to any l>ge ext5t1 b made laws & introduc$ cu/oms :i* suit$ !mselves4 ,:at !y want$ 01 fir/ly1 to m>ry "y & beautiful wives1 despite all objections t might be rais$ aga9/ _! age1 _! looks1 or _! *>act]s1 & )\t mu* tr\blesome c\rt%ip2 &1 secondly1 to keep _! "y wives 9 subjection by %e] =ce & legal compulsion4 ,x is n reasonable to suppose t ! fair sex %\ld submit = ev] to su* treatm5t1 &1 z ! wom5 9 ! ,engli%-speak+ c\ntries h already ga9$ l>ge concessions1 x is natural t _! si/]s 9 ! re/ ( ! civiliz$ _w %\ld /ruggle = re=m4 ,x is !re=e difficult to see :y ,nordau %\ld consid] ,ibs5's influ5ce s dang]\s to society z to deem x necess>y to hold him up z a deg5]ate4 ,! enigma becomes m puzzl+ :5 we f9d t ,nordau frankly all[s t ,ibs5 has great m]its & great tal5ts4 ,he says1 = in/ance3 8,h5rik ,ibs5 is a poet ( great v]ve & p[]40 8,he has ! gift ( depict+ 9 an exceptionally lifelike & impressive mann] t :i* has excit$ 8 feel+s40 8,he has ! capacity = imag9+ situations 9 :i* ! *>act]s are =c$ to turn inside out _! inmo/ nature1 9 :i* ab/ract ideas trans=m !mselves into de$s1 & moods ( op9ion & ( feel+1 imp]ceptible to ! s5ses b pot5t z causes1 are made pat5t to sight & he>+ 9 attitudes & ge/ures1 9 ! play ( feature1 & 9 words40 8,he kn[s h[ to gr\p ev5ts into liv+ frescoes possess+ ! *>m ( significant pictures444 n l ,wagn]1 ) /range co/umes & prop]ties1 ar*itectural spl5d\r1 me*anical magic1 gods & fabul\s bea/s1 b ) p5etrat+ vision into ! backgr\nd ( s\ls & ! conditions ( humanity4444 ,b he does n all[ ! imag9ation ( ! spectator to run riot 9 m]e spectacles2 he =ces !m into moods1 he b9ds !m by 8 spell 9 circles ( ideas1 ?r\gh ! pictures :i* he unrolls be=e !m40 8,! p[] ) :i* ,ibs51 9 a few rapid /rokes1 sket*es a situation1 an emotion1 a dim-lit dep? ( ! s\l1 is v mu* high] ?an 8 skill1 s mu* extoll$1 ( =e%ort5+ 9 "t444 ,ea* ( ! t]se words :i* suffice him has some?+ ( ! nature ( a peep-hole1 ?r\gh :i* limitless vi/as are obta9$4 ,! plays ( all peoples ( all ages h few situations at once s p]fectly simple & s irresi/ibly affect+40 ,fur!r on he aga9 says3 8,x mu/ be ackn[l$g$ t ,ibs5 has creat$ "s *>act]s possess+ a tru? to life & a complet5ess su* z are n to be met ) 9 any poet s9ce ,%akespe>e444 ,none ! less no poet s9ce ! illu/ri\s ,spani% ma/] 7,c]vantes7 has succe$$ 9 creat+ su* an embodim5t ( pla91 jolly1 heal?y common-s5se1 ( practical tact )\t anxiety z to ?+s et]nal1 & ( hone/ fulfilm5t ( all proximate1 obvi\s duties )\t a suspicion ( high] moral obligations1 z ?is ,g9a4444 ,hjalm> also is a p]fect creation1 9 :i* ,ibs5 has n once succumb$ to ! cog5t temptation to exagg]ate1 b has ex]cis$ mo/ entranc+ly t #8self-re/ra9t' 9 e ^w :i*1 z ,goe! says1 #8reveals ! ma/]4'0 ,we h quot$ some:at l5g?ily f ?is eulogy ( ,ibs5 9 ord] to r5d] ju/ice bo? to him & to ,nordau4 ,!re is no passage 9 ,nordau's book :i* displays m insight into dramatic art & a m intellig5t appreciation ( "s ( ! subtle b m>vell\s m]its ( ,ibs5's plays4 ,we %\ld n h ?\ght x possible t s ke5 an appreciation c\ld h be5 =m$ )\t see+ ,ibs5's pieces act$ 9 ! orig9al language4 ,?is eulogy becomes all ! m valuable :5 we rememb] t x emanates f "o ( ,ibs5's oppon5ts--f a man :o w\ld fa9 re/ra9 ,ibs5 f writ+ at all1 & :o evid5tly has n paid any att5tion to ! sl[ b important social /ruggle :i* ,ibs5 s frequ5tly illu/rates4 ,mo/ p :o h read ^! & o!r ackn[l$gm5ts on ! "p ( ,nordau ( ,ibs5's tal5t1 w be /ruck ) ! reckless mann] 9 :i* ,nordau defeats 8 own object4 ,he wi%es to w>n ! _w aga9/ 8deg5]ates0 ( ,ibs5's type1 & at ! same "t praises him z few writ]s h be5 prais$1 seem+ly )\t consid]+ t 9 ?is mann] he inspires ?\s&s ( "y writ]s ) ! ambition to be deg5]ates z ,ibs5 is4 ,to ! av]age read] ,nordau sugge/s ! idea ( ! impossibility ( reconcil+ s mu* p[]1 g5ius1 tal5t1 & craftsman%ip ) decay$ m5tal faculties4 ,?is all ! m z ,ibs5's pieces are f9ancial successes1 & he consequ5tly %[s a solid capacity = ! managem5t ( 8 own affairs1 :i*1 z ,nordau has already told u1 & e ali5i/ w\ld tell u1 is ! safe/ te/ ( a s\nd bra94 ,! conclusion seems inevitable t ,nordau is ei!r utt]ly wrong :5 he sees all ^! m]its 9 ,ibs5's "w1 or else :5 he consid]s him to be deg5]ate4 ,9 exam9+ ! gr\nds on :i* ,nordau /rives to e/abli% 8 !ory ( deg5]acy we %all no d\bt f9d t ! latt] alt]native is ! true "o4 ,nordau fir/ impea*es ,ibs5's reputation = realism1 b takes ?is t]m 9 its mo/ lit]al s5se4 ,! /age has its limitations1 & ! dramati/ mu/ h a c]ta9 lic5ce 9 ! creat+ ( 8 situations4 ,ibs5 is n call$ a reali/ because all t he repres5ts on ! /age is 9 clos] con=mity ) reality ?an ! repres5tations ( practically any o!r dramati/ ev] 71 b because 8 *>act]s1 besides be+ individually true to nature1 are types--/rongly col\r$ types1 x may be1 b n too /rongly col\r$ to be und]/ood by an av]age audi5ce4 ,9 a piece n int5d$ to be play$ ! *>act]s may be m delicately m\ld$1 b :5 !y are to be grasp$ 9 a few fla%es be=e ! footlights !y mu/1 l ! /atue int5d$ = an elevat$ position1 be hewn 9 bold proportions4 ,9 ord] to %[ h[ unreal ,ibs5 is1 ,nordau asks :e!r x is probable t ! jo9]1 ,eng/r& 79 ,gho/s71 wi%+ to op5 a tav]n = sailors1 %\ld call ^u 8 own daught] to be ! odalisque ( 8 8e/abli%m5t40 ,by us+ ! ^w 8odalisque10 & by plac+ ! ^w 8e/abli%m5t0 betwe5 inv]t$ commas1 he gives a di/ort$ idea ( ! tav]n ,eng/r& is go+ to op54 ,x is a "q ( a real tav]n1 n ( an 8e/abli%m5t40 ,girls 9 simil> tav]ns 9 ,norway are ( c\rse expos$ to temptations & sometimes to insults1 b !y are by no means necess>ily un*a/e4 ,9 select+ ! employm5t 9 ! tav]n1 ,ibs5 succe$s 9 giv+ an insight into ! ,phili/9e "* ( ,eng/r&1 :o = ! sake ( money w\ld risk 8 daught]'s reputation1 b :o c\ld always fall back on ! excuse t he did n int5d to ru9 h]4 ,nordau may be "r :5 he says t no ,p>is doctor w\ld h told ,oswald ,alv+ 9 ,gho/s t he _h s(t5+ ( ! bra94 ,b ,ibs5 does n say 8s(t5+ ( ! bra902 he makes ,alv+ say 8a k9d ( s(t5+ ( ! bra910 an expression :i* might v well be ,oswald's int]pretation ( :at ! doctor _h told him 9 v gu>d$ words4 ,moreov] x is n z an ali5i/ t ,ibs5 has ga9$ 8 fame2 x is z a dramati/4 ,nordau quotes z ano!r example ( unreality1 ! s5se 9 :i* ! t]m 8society0 is us$ by ! *>act]s 9 ! ,pill>s ( ,society4 ,?is is an error into :i* ,nordau has evid5tly be5 l$ by read+ a bad ,g]man translation ( ! piece4 ,ibs5's *>act]s d n mean 8social edifice10 z ,nordau p$antically w h x1 b ! well-to-d p 9 ! community4 ,aga91 he ?9ks t excuse v unreal :i* ,b]neck gives to 8 =eman1 :om he has n tak5 into 8 confid5ce4 ,b ?is unreality is precisely :at ,ibs5 wi%es ! public to see1 & he has evid5tly n acc5tuat$ ! unreality suffici5tly1 z ?is has escap$ ev5 ,nordau4 ,nordau does n f9d ! spee* ( ,pa/or ,rrlund reali/ic en\gh4 ,! fact is t ! spee* is a delightful p>ody1 9 no way exagg]at$1 ( ^? addresses :i* toady+ sycophants all ! _w ov] are 9 ! habit ( deliv]+ to a magnate :om !y desire to propitiate4 ,any "o :o has he>d su* a spee* 9 ,norway w be amus$ly surpris$ by its comic realism4 ,x w\ld be tiresome to g m9utely into ! pro(s ( unreality ,nordau f9ds 9 ,ibs5's pieces1 & ! b>e m5tion ( ! foll[+ examples w suffice to %[ ! futility ( 8 attempt4 ,he consid]s x impossible = a man ( =ty-?ree to inspire love1 & ?is 9 ,norway1 :]e p develop & rip5 s sl[ly4 ,he ?9ks x unreal = an excitable girl to describe z a /orm on ! sea ! passion :i* induces h] to enc\rage h] rival's suicide1 & !n :5 ! rival is out ( ! way pati5tly to devote a ye> & a half to ga9+ ! love = :i* h] s9 0 committ$4 ,our ali5i/1 :o displays ?r\gh\t 8 book an utt] lack ( ! s5se ( ! ridicul\s1 f9ds ! sc5e betwe5 ,ellida1 ,wangel1 & ! ,/rang] 9 ,! ,lady f ! ,sea ridicul\s1 a sc5e :i* ?\s&s ( audi5ces h foll[$ 9 brea?less sil5ce & ) deep emotion4 ,! puzzle is :y ,nordau is s anxi\s to %[ t ,ibs5 is n a reali/1 & h[ 8 n be+ a reali/ c possibly be con/ru$ into an argum5t 9 fav\r ( 8 insanity4 ,are !n all ! p :o1 z a matt] ( ta/e or z a matt] ( bus9ess1 supply ! public ) unreali/ic dramas to be consid]$ m or less dem5t$8 ,if ?is is ! case1 :at becomes ( ! m5tal sanity ( ,nordau's great model1 ,goe!1 ! au?or ( ! int5sely unreal ,fau/8 ,ref]r+ to ! !ory ( h]$ity1 frequ5tly allud$ to 9 ,ibs5's works1 ,nordau says he _c pres]ve 8 gravity :5 ,ibs5 displays 8 sci5tific or m$ical k4 ,"h aga9 we are tempt$ to ref] to ! s&al-mak] & ! s&al-/r+s2 b !re is actually no occasion to d s1 because ,ibs5 display+ 8 m$ical k is a picture conjur$ up by ,nordau's own imag9ation4 ,we d n "k :at ,ibs5 does 9 8 private life1 b 9 8 dramatic works he does n display 8 m$ical k4 ,:at suits ,nordau's purpose to give z ,ibs5's op9ions are ! op9ions ( 8 *>act]s1 :o1 be+ true to nature1 speak z _! prototypes 9 reality speak4 ,x suits ,ibs5's dramatic purposes to make use ( c]ta9 views on h]$ity1 & he is all ! m entitl$ to d s z su* op9ions are v preval5t n[adays1 & n )\t ex]cis+ a consid]able influ5ce on p's m9ds4 ,ibs5 may h exactly ! same op9ion z 8 *>act]s give expression to1 or he may ?9k ! v opposite1 b ^? :o ?or\ghly und]/& ,ibs5's me?od w be conv9c$ t he w\ld n commit ! mi/ake1 s common among dramati/s1 ( all[+ 8 *>act]s to reflect ! au?or's p]sonality4 ,:5 ,reg9a1 9 ,gho/s1 9 reply to ,mrs4 ,alv+1 :o is h>p+ on h]$ity1 says1 8,:at mu/ be1 mu/ be444 ,i take aft] my "m ,i d>e say10 %e does n express ,ibs5's op9ion ab\t h]$ity1 b t fatali/ic notion :i* is un=tunately extremely common among wom51 especially :5 9 tr\ble or at fault1 & a ref]5ce to h] "m is only a confirmation ( h] fatali/ic belief1 at :i* %e clut*es t %e may rid h]self ( h] responsibility4 ,if we mu/ look = a t5d5cy 9 ,ibs5's works1 x might be f\nd 9 8 attempt to %[ up ?is g5]ally prevail+ weakness 9 w & "* :i* ,nordau himself f9ds ev]y:]e & :i* he calls deg5]ation4 ,reg9a1 z well z ,oswald1 are 8frightful examples0 ( ?is weakness1 & 9 plac+ !m on ! /age ,ibs5 has ! same object z ,nordau1 namely1 to exhibit a deplorable defect 9 mod]n society4 ,ibs5 may !re=e be look$ ^u z ,nordau's co-op]ator1 & ev5 precursor1 because ,ibs5's *>act]s are types ( t v deg5]ation :i* ,nordau desires to combat4 ,9 fact1 ! importance t our ali5i/ atta*es to ,ibs5's *>act]s sugge/s ! idea t if !re 7 no ,ibs5 !re w\ld be no ,nordau4 ,by ! aid ( an extremely confus$ & di/ort$ reason+1 he condemns ,ibs5 = t v weakness :i* he1 l ,nordau1 has discov]$ 9 mod]n society & inc>nat$ 9 8 *>act]s z a w>n+ to 8 contempor>ies4 ,if we _h n a /rong objection to ! tu quoque argum5t1 & 7 n resolv$ to avoid x1 we c\ld "h say a great deal ab\t ,nordau's condemnation ( ,ibs5's suppos$ illogical ref]5ces to h]$ity1 :ile ,nordau himself yields to ! temptation ( us+ ! absurde/ logic 9 ord] to discov] suppos$ pro(s 9 fav\r ( 8 own pet !ories4 ,ev5 suppos+ t ,ibs5 did believe 9 h]$ity1 is he n 9 h>mony ) 8 "t8 ,"o does n require to be an ali5i/ or a biologi/ to und]/& t ! ,d>w9ian !ory ( evolution is ! !ory ( h]$ity2 & "o does n require to be v old to h obs]v$ t ! *>act]i/ics ( p>5ts (t5 repeat !mselves 9 _! *ildr54 ,9 8 criticism ( ,ibs51 ,nordau seems to g too f> :5 he ca/s discr$it on ! !ory ( h]$ity1 ) reg>d to :i* he himself goes to an extreme :5 he attributes to h]$ity ! lurk+ belief 9 a p]sonal ,god 9 ! inmo/ recesses ( ! consci\sness ( c]ta9 sci5ti/s4 ,! mann] 9 :i* he ref]s to little ,h$wig's bl9dness w c]ta9ly induce 8 read]s to inf] t he himself does n believe 9 cases ( h]$it>y bl9dness--an affliction :i* has h[ev] come )9 ! k ( _m4 ,nordau1 9 8 purposeless eag]ness to te> ,ibs5 d[n f 8 p$e/al1 seems to imag9e t he w\ld fur!r 8 object if he c\ld %[ t ,ibs5 is influ5c$ by ! religion ( 8 *ildhood1 ( 8 y\?1 & ( 8 c\ntry4 ,to be influ5c$ by su* religion has be5 ! case ) _m sane p ( /rong m9d1 especially 9 c\ntries :]e ! morality implant$ 9 "y *ildr5 is bas$ entirely on religi\s in/ruction4 ,ev5 :5 a man ceases to believe lit]ally all t has be5 taught him1 x is natural t 8 religi\s ?\ghts %\ld m\ld !mselves on ! e>ly impressions1 :i* !n become symbols in/ead ( fact4 ,?is is especially natural ) p ^: walk 9 life has preclud$ !m f giv+ t absorb+ att5tion to psy*ology & biology :i* to a s\nd m9d is indisp5sable be=e x c ma/]1 or believe1 ! sci5ti/s' !ories ( 8me*anical causality10 & ! annihilation ( ! consci\s ,ego4 ,nordau1 l _m o!r sci5tific en?usia/s1 seems to lab\r "u ! impression t all ! l\d-voic$ p1 :o affect complete irreligiosity1 & :o pose z free-?9k]s1 are really conv9c$ t ! sci5tific discov]y ( ye/]day1 :i* might be upset by ! discov]y ( to-morr[1 suffici5tly expla9s ! _w & !mselves4 ,?is is f> f be+ ! case4 ,h[ (t5 :5 we scrat* ! a!i/ d we n f9d ! sup]/iti\sly dev\t4 ,h[ _m m5 c\ld be f\nd 9 ! _w :o are s capable ( satisfy+ all _! curiosity reg>d+ ! unkn[n by sci5tific !ories t !y might be quot$ 9 support ( ! artificiality ( religi\s in/9cts8 ,!y w\ld c]ta9ly numb] v few4 ,& yet sci5ti/s ( ,nordau's /amp are apt to reg>d su* m5 z ! only really sane ones1 & ! re/ ( humanity z to "s ext5t deg5]ate4 ,b h[ does ,nordau "k any?+ ab\t ,ibs5's religi\s op9ions8 ,he simply /udies ! *>act]s 9 ,ibs5's pieces & takes = grant$ t ,ibs5 mu/ necess>ily hold ! same op9ions z 8 *>act]s4 ,?is absurd assumption1 indisp5sable to 8 purpose1 leads him sometimes into ridicul\s dilemmas f :i* he escapes 9 a n less ridicul\s mann]4 ,:5 he f9ds t ,ibs5 has dramatis p]son ( diametrically oppos$ op9ions & beliefs1 he does n "k :i* ( !m repres5ts ,ibs5's op9ions & ,ibs5's beliefs4 ,det]m9$ n to notice ! simple fact t none ( !m repres5t ,ibs5's views1 he falls back on ! exp$i5cy ( decl>+ t1 because 8 *>act]s diff]1 ,ibs5 does n "k 8 own m9d1 a fact :i* 9 our ali5i/'s view po9ts to deg5]acy4 ,he quotes copi\sly f ,ibs5's pieces 9 ord] to %[ t ^? *>act]s :o h committ$ evil de$s1 )\t hav+ resign$ !mselves to be+ utt]ly bad1 ye>n = confession4 ,f ?is we mu/ conclude t ,nordau consid]s a long+ = confession 9 ^? :o h s9n$ z an obsession & z p]ta9+ to /igmata ( deg5]ation4 ,to make capital out ( ?is1 ,nordau /icks h>d to 8 assumption t ,ibs5's object is to prea* "s k9d ( cre$ by proclaim+ 8 own op9ions ?r\gh 8 *>act]s4 ,few p 9 ! _w really "k :at ,ibs5's f9al object & real aims are2 b 8 imm$iate object1 x w be grant$1 is to %[ 8 contempor>ies :at !y really are1 & s /]nly & s cog5tly does he pursue ?is object t1 :ile o!r dramati/s %[ _! spectators ! defects ( o!rs1 ,ibs5 lays b>e _! own4 ,9 %[+ s9n]s' ye>n+s = confession1 ,ibs5 c\ld n !re=e be wrong unless a long+ = confession 9 s9n]s is unreal or unusual4 ,f> f be+ unusual1 we f9d x 9 almo/ e human be+1 f ! innoc5t *ild d[n to ! brutal crim9al4 ,! police & law-c\rt reports 9 ,engl& frequ5tly relate cases 9 :i* m5 & wom5 confess crimes :i* w\ld nev] h be5 discov]$1 simply to satisfy a consci5ce ye>n+ = confession4 ,we h no?+ to d "h ) ! "q z to :e!r ?is fir/ /ep t[>ds a bett] life is long$ = 9 ob$i5ce to an in/9ct implant$ 9 ! emotional nature ( man by a ,creator1 or :e!r x is ! consequ5ce ( an inh]it$ t5d5cy orig9at$ by religi\s tea*+ & moral civil laws4 ,we h only to deal ) ! fact t ! consci5ce ( all evil-do]s1 & especially ( ^? :o are will+ to ab&on evil & return to good1 prompts !m to confess4 ,nordau has only to consult a ,ca?olic prie/ 9 ord] to le>n h[ /rong & g5]al ?is ye>n+ is4 ,x mu/ also be rememb]$ t confession1 if n to prie/s yet to ,god1 is "p ( ! ,lu!ran cre$ prevail+ 9 ,norway1 & t consequ5tly confession is reg>d$ by ! p z ! te/ ( true rep5tance4 ,?\gh auricul> confession is n a sacram5t 9 ! ,lu!ran ,*ur*1 ! ,norwegian m9i/]s c\ld tell ,nordau h[ (t5 s9n]s & crim9als ease _! consci5ces by confess+ to !m4 ,x is h>dly possible to write a s]i\s dramatic piece )\t repres5t+ a /ruggle betwe5 good & evil4 ,& h[ !n c\ld ,ibs5 write dramas true to ,norwegian life1 )\t in/anc+ t ye>n+ = confession :i* is ! outw>d sign ( ! inw>d /ruggle betwe5 good & evil8 ,nordau in/ances ! ,fr5* assass9 ,av9a91 :o be=e be+ guillot9$ gave out z 8 life's motto 8,nev] confess10 z an example ( a /rong & heal?y m9d--or1 at lea/1 he reg>ds ?is motto z "o :i* only a /rong & heal?y m9d c foll[4 ,on ! o!r h&1 he reg>ds confess+ m5 z m5 89 :om ! me*anism ( inhibition is always disord]$1 & :o !re=e _c escape f ! impulse to confess :5 any?+ ( an absorb+ or excit+ "* exi/s 9 _! consci\sness40 ,9 ?is comp>ison ,nordau omits ! *ief factor--! religi\s op9ion1 or ! philosophy :i* necess>ily det]m9es :e!r ! confession is a sign ( /r5g? or weakness4 ,if ! murd]] ,av9a9 0 a confirm$ a!i/1 & if 8 emotional nature 0 su* z to glorify murd]1 !n he _h no impulse to confess1 & consequ5tly requir$ no /r5g? ( m9d to resi/ confession4 ,if ! man :o glories 9 :at is good--or1 to use an expression ( ,nordau's1 :o has social in/9cts1 & consequ5tly believes t confession is 8 duty & an h]oic action--%\ld %un ! ordeal & pref] to sp5d ! re/ ( 8 life z a self-despis+ hypocrite1 ?is w\ld be weak-m9d$ness4 ,( c\rse ,nordau may always argue t to believe 9 ! good & 9 p]sonal responsibility is 9 itself a sign ( deg5]ation4 ,b ?is w\ld be simply to place ! "q on ano!r plane1 :]e we h already discuss$ x4 ,:at is said "h ab\t confession applies equally to :at ,nordau says ab\t r$emption4 ,x is n1 z he /ates1 an obsession ( ,ibs5's1 b a symbol v natural to a p ( /rong religi\s feel+s4 ,8 *>act]s c\ld n possibly express _! ideas & _! emotions 9 any o!r way ?an t 9 :i* !y h be5 9 ! habit ( ?9k+ all _! lives4 ,nordau _c rid himself ( ! obsession t ! dramati/ mu/ necess>ily take a side 9 ! squabble betwe5 religion & sci5ce1 & betwe5 ! devotees ( diff]5t social panaceas1 & seems exasp]at$ because he _c get at ,ibs5's real op9ion on su* que/ions4 ,:5 he p]si/s 9 8 egregi\s error ( tak+ ! op9ions ( ,ibs5's *>act]s z ^? ( ,ibs51 8 m9d gets into a maze1 :i* leads him to ! conclusion t x is ,ibs5's m9d1 n 8 own1 t has got into a confus$ /ate4 ,x is v common to f9d a man1 :o1 by d9t ( /udy or by natural tal5t1 has become an au?ority on "o subject1 s f> los+ 8 p[] ( self-criticism z to believe himself a univ]sal g5ius1 capable ( dogmatiz+ on e subject "u ! sun4 ,x is ?is conceit t induces successful m5 to imag9e t _! natural specialty is n t "o :i* has r5d]$ !m fam\s1 b "s o!r specialty = :i* 9 reality !y h no aptitude :atev]4 ,a successful com$ian believes himself to be h>dly dealt ) because he is n ackn[l$g$ z a trag$ian4 ,a musician consid]s himself an au?ority on ! drama4 ,! poet ?9ks he ought to h be5 a politician4 ,biologi/s imag9e !y w\ld %9e z social re=m]s4 ,x is because ,ibs5 has n yield$ to ?is weakness1 because he has n ! conceit to lay d[n ! law on que/ions outside 8 own prov9ce1 b simply aspires to be a dramati/1 t ,nordau compla9s s bitt]ly ( ,ibs5's omission to express a di/9ct op9ion on all sorts ( subjects on :i* ,nordau burns to break a lance ) him4 ,he tilts aga9/ ! op9ions express$ by ,ibs5's *>act]s ) ! wa/$ fury ( ,don ,quixote attack+ w9dmills4 ,we are at a loss to acc\nt = ! contradictions ( :i* ,nordau appe>s to be guilty4 ,mu* ( :at he says 9 ! latt] "p ( 8 essay on ,ibs5 is 9 direct contradiction to :at he says 9 ! e>li] "p1 :]e 8 praise ( ,ibs5's tal5ts & abilities is conspicu\s4 ,we w give an example ( :at we mean4 ,he says at ! beg9n+ ( 8 *apt]3 8,ea* ( ! t]se words :i* suffice him ,ibs5 has some?+ ( ! nature ( a peep-hole1 ?r\gh :i* limitless vi/as are obta9$40 ,t[>ds ! end ( x he says3 8,?us ,ibs5's drama is l a kaleidoscope 9 a sixp5ny baza>4 ,:5 "o looks ?r\gh ! peep-hole1 "o sees at ea* %ak+ ( ! c>dbo>d tube new & p>ti-col\r$ comb9ations4 ,*ildr5 are amus$ at ?is toy1 b adults "k t x conta9s only spl9t]s ( col\r$ glass1 always ! same1 ins]t$ haphaz>d & unit$ into my/ical figures by ?ree bits ( look+-glass1 & !y soon tire ( ! expressionless arabesque40 ,c ?is contradiction be ! result ( 8 great tru/ 9 au?orities1 & has he made use ( two t cla%1 or does he write = writ+'s sake1 diff]5tly ea* day accord+ to ! mood he happ5s to be 98 ,:5 ,ibs5's *>act]s give expression to _! ye>n+s = great] p]sonal lib]ty1 = a revolt aga9/ social traditions :i* ?reat5 to wreck _! lives1 & :i* !y h beheld wreck+ ! lives ( hundr$s ar\nd !m1 !y are int5d$ by ! dramati/ to %[ :at is go+ on 9 mod]n society4 ,nordau ( c\rse concludes t ,ibs5 is an egomaniac :o res5ts any bonds on 8 wor/ in/9cts4 ,suppos+ t ,ibs5 %>es p]sonally t same long+ = m individual fre$om :i* ,nordau s w>mly deprecates1 x is evid5t t !y diff] simply because ,nordau />ts f ! supposition t m5's in/9cts are necess>ily bad1 & ,ibs5 f ! supposition t !y are good4 ,! fundam5tal diff]5ce 9 op9ion ma9ly spr+s f ! diff]5t circum/ances among/ :i* ! two m5 h be5 born & br\ght up4 ,! ,g]man1 :o has all 8 life be5 impress$ ) ! necessity ( (ficialism & police gov]nm5t1 :o has liv$ "u ! impression t 8 ca/le w\ld be attack$ by a l[] ca/e :5 free to foll[ its incl9ations1 w\ld naturally atta* great importance to exi/+ in/itutions4 ,if he at ! same "t be illogical en\gh to sap at ! root ( t great ord]-produc+ in/itution--religion--& beholds t ?is safegu>d is becom+ m & m unreliable1 he naturally looks = some?+ to take its place4 ,! ,g]man social sy/em1 s unju/ to ! work+ classes1 has naturally embitt]$ ! p & enli/$ a numb] ( work+ m5 into ! revolution>y p>ties1 & ?is gr[+ army ( s-call$ enemies to society naturally al>ms ! ,g]man middle-class man & prejudices him aga9/ ! prolet>iat4 ,passions & de/ructive in/9cts1 in/ill$ by long suff]+1 he is apt to reg>d z human nature f :i* ! wor/ mu/ be expect$4 ,?is expla9s _m ( ,nordau's contradictions4 ,he wi%es to aboli% religion because its abolition w\ld glorify sci5ce1 b he wi%es to reta9 ! m>riage laws because he fe>s t )\t !m an unspeakable /ate ( immorality w\ld ensue4 ,he d5ies a div9e plan 9 creation :i* might acc\nt = ! moral in/9ct 9 man1 b he does n believe t morality has sprung f ! only rema9+ s\rce1 namely1 man's exp]i5ce ( ! advantages ( morality4 ,8 habit ( b[+ to au?orities causes him to believe t morality & a pure family life are ! result ( ! m>riage laws1 & n t ! m>riage laws are ! result ( man's love ( morality & ( a pure family life4 ,! ,norwegian is born & br\ght up 9 a c\ntry :]e lib]ty has be5 ! basis & safegu>d ( moral ord]2 :]e few police are f\nd 9 ! cities1 & :]e1 ?r\gh\t va/ tracts ( c\ntry1 man's good in/9cts are ! only police2 :]e ! peasant & work+ classes h no desire or int5tion to attack ! weal?y2 :]e ! p are religi\s because !y are hone/ & n hone/ because !y are religi\s2 :]e self-e/eem & ju/ice w\ld take ! place ( religion 7 x to crumble4 ,! ,norwegian has notic$ t ! poor are m g5]\s ?an ! ri*1 t ! p are m hone/ ?an _! (ficials1 t ! free man & woman are m moral ?an ! ti$ ones1 & t lib]ty elevates & oppressive laws degrade4 ,if ! ,norwegian seems to atta* little importance to legal m>riage1 x is because1 9 cleans+ x f m]c5>y consid]ations & o!r l[ motives1 he hopes to base x on su* f\ndations z moral in/9ct1 love1 self-respect1 hon\r1 & possibly on religi\s belief1 & !reby make x a life-long reality4 ,x is n to gratify l[ in/9cts & lic5ti\s passions1 z ,nordau w\ld h x1 t he wi%es = re=m4 ,he may be mi/ak5 9 8 motives1 b ?is is no excuse = attribut+ vile motives to him4 ,nordau is n ! only "o :o is puzzl$ by ! _m peculi>ities ( ,ibs5's plays4 ,l him1 _m ,engli% !atre-go]s wond] :y 8 be/ types & 8 lead+ *>act]s1 z a rule1 are s void ( nobility1 f9e feel+1 & high pr9ciples2 :y he always places 8 sc5es 9 small t[ns1 & n among ! romantically wild c\ntry & ! picturesque peasants1 z ,bjrns5 & ,jonas ,lie h (t5 done2 :y he repres5ts ! s-call$ respectable & (ficial classes 9 s unfav\rable a light2 :y 8 wom5 seem to be morally & intellectually sup]ior to 8 m54 ,9 ord] to elucidate ^! que/ions & _m o!r peculi>ities 9 ,ibs5's plays & *>act]s1 z well z "s ( ! reasons :y a ,g]man critic %\ld disapprove ( ,ibs51 x %\ld be rememb]$ t 9 ,norway two cultures h met & /ruggl$--! ,g]man & ,sc&9avian--b h n bl5d$4 ,( ! ,sc&9avian nations1 ! ,norwegians may be consid]$ z ! extreme type4 ,:ile !y diff] f ! ,danes & ,sw$es consid]ably1 !y diff] /ill m f ! ,g]mans4 ,_! *>act]i/ics arise n only f race1 b l>gely f surr\nd+s & modes ( life4 ,! g5u9e ,norwegian p h ( old liv$ scatt]$ ov] a va/ area ( c\ntry1 sep>at$ by high fjelds & broad fjords1 foam+ torr5ts & d5se woods1 only sp>+ly communicat+ ) ea* o!r1 & /ill less ) /rang]s1 & he>+ little ( ! outside _w1 !y h gr[n into a sil5t1 ?9k+1 & deep-feel+ nation4 ,!y h inh]it$ f ! old ,vik+ times an unqu5*able love ( lib]ty1 & all _! in/itutions1 _! cu/oms1 _! pr9ciples1 h develop$ 9 fre$om1 & su* virtues z !y h & ( :i* !y are mo/ pr\d1 are ! outcome ( p]sonal indep5d5ce4 ,accu/om$ to p]sonal dang] on ! sn[-clad m\nta9-pa?s1 9 ! va/ =e/s1 & 9 small op5 boats ^u ! /ormy fjords1 !y h acquir$ an extraord9>y degree ( self-reliance4 ,unus$ to1 & di/ru/ful (1 =eign ways1 & seldom successful 9 =eign c\ntries1 !y h>b\r an int5se love ( ,norway & = any?+ ,norwegian2 & :ile !y may conceit$ly ?9k t ev]y?+ t is ,norwegian is great & noble1 !y c]ta9ly endeav\r to put a /amp ( nobility & greatness on ev]y?+ t is ,norwegian4 ,!y are pr\d1 g5]\s1 loyal1 hospitable1 & c nev] be p]suad$ t l[ly circum/ances or pov]ty c\ld possibly be an excuse = an unroyal conduct4 ,born & br$ amid sn[-capp$ m\nta9s1 deep valleys1 p]p5dicul> rocks1 a jagg$1 /ormy coa/--! :ole we>+ an air ( solemn & lonely gr&eur--! ,norwegians are a m$itative & highly imag9ative p4 ,! /irr+ natural ph5om5a peculi> to ! c\ntry _c fail to /imulate _! imag9ation4 ,! sn[-/orms1 ! ice-avalan*es1 ! light summ] nights1 ! brilliant moonlight diffus$ ov] ! abrupt m\nta9s1 ! d>k =e/s & ! glitt]+ fjords1 ! rag+ /orms f ! ,atlantic1 ! flam+ midnight w9t] skies1 ! sunsets :i* s wondr\sly illum9e ! :ole coa/-l9e--su* sc5es1 su* pictures1 s9k into _! m9ds & quick5 _! emotions4 ,:at wond]1 !n1 if !y are full ( folk-lore & ! sup]natural has = !m an irresi/ible *>m8 ,!y are sup]/iti\s1 & believe t _! actions & lives are influ5c$ by gnomes1 fairies1 & trolls4 ,old hea!n c]emonies = ! propitiation ( ! spirits are /ill 9 vogue4 ,!y are deeply mov$ by music & poetry1 & h a /rong pr$ilection = all t is h]oic & great4 ,x is n surpris+ t 9 ,g]man translations ( ,norwegian writ+s--= :i* ,nordau blames ,ibs5's deg5]acy--adjectives %\ld h tak5 a new mean+2 = 9 ,norway !y h be5 influ5c$ by nature's gr&eur4 ,:5 ,norwegians say 8great10 !y mean great z ! fjeld1 great z ! b\ndless ocean2 :5 !y say 8sil5t10 !y mean sil5t z ! wood 9 ! %ort summ] night4 ,consequ5tly1 :5 a man1 an action1 a ?+1 is describ$ to !m1 !y are apt to measure x by ! /&>d ( nature's extremes ar\nd !m4 ,!y are always disappo9t$ :5 !y behold ! wond]s ( civilization describ$ to !m z great & wond]ful4 ,!y w\ld call ! ru9s ( ! ,coliseum mean1 & ?9k no m ( ! pyramids ?an ( ant-hills4 ,_! ideas ( a great man c\ld probably nev] be realiz$1 & _! wond] is consid]able at f9d+ ! mighty lords ( ,engl& s unlike demi-gods4 ,x 0 ! ,hanseatic ,league t br\ght ?is /]n & haughty p into contact ) ,g]man culture4 ,?is rem>kable f$]ation ( ent]pris+ ,g]man m]*ants discov]$ t pr(its c\ld be made out ( ! r\gh products ( ,norway1 & !y f\nd$ a ,g]man colony 9 ,b]g51 :i* rose to consid]able importance4 ,g]man trad]s gradually settl$ 9 all ! o!r important ,norwegian c5tres1 & ! :ole comm]cial life ( ,norway became m or less ,g]maniz$4 ,at ! "t ,g]many 0 f> ahead ( ,norway 9 ev]y?+ app]ta9+ to indu/ry1 & 0 already !n b5t on do+ bus9ess ) =eign c\ntries by (f]+ !m a mass ( ,g]man manufactur$ goods ( attractive appe>ance1 b ( little value1 & n indisp5sable to a p l ! ,norwegians4 ,competition 0 already sev]e 9 ,g]many1 money _h acquir$ an imm5se importance1 success 9 life 0 mo/ easily atta9$ by int5se application to bus9ess1 sav+1 & gr9d+4 ,! ,g]man trad]s /ood 9 ! same relation to ! ,norwegians z t 9 :i* ,engli% trad]s /& to ! native races :om !y fir/ approa* = bus9ess purposes4 ,! trad]s & ag5ts :o w5t z f> z ,norway--a long di/ance be=e ! days ( /eam]s & railways--7 d>+ & reckless m51 b5t ^u mak+ money1 j z ! pione]s ( ,briti% comm]ce 7 & are 9 ,africa4 ,:at int]e/$ !m 0 n ! great & noble aspect ( ! ,norwegian "*1 b ! desire on ! "p ( ^! p to buy gewgaws1 & ! facility ) :i* !y p>t$ ) _! money & _! goods4 ,?\gh ,norway is a poor c\ntry1 x yield$ to ! n ov]-ambiti\s ,g]mans a satisfactory h>ve/1 & a great numb] ( !m settl$ p]man5tly 9 ! ,norwegian t[ns4 ,!y became suffici5tly num]\s & influ5tial to impress a ,g]man /amp on ,norwegian urban life1 on ! p :o work$ & liv$ ) !m2 & ^! became ,g]maniz$ to no small ext5t4 ,^! middle-class ,g]mans 7 no d\bt excell5t1 respectable p 9 _! way1 b !y _h little 9 common ) ! ,norwegian c\ntry folk4 ,!y 7 bett] educat$1 !y _h m worldly wisdom1 _! exp]i5ce 9 _! own cities _h tra9$ !m to subject _! emotional nature to _! intellect4 ,9 ord] to pu% on to success 9 _! ,g]man communities1 :]e antagoni/ic & p[]ful magnates left b little scope = d>+ & /raight=w>dness1 !y _h le>n$ to value diplomacy & discretion4 ,!y _h no sympa?ies ) ! natives1 :om !y reg>d$ z semi-b>b>ians1 & all _! int]c\rse ) !m 0 diplomatic & ins9c]e1 & _! sole motive 0 pr(it4 ,! hone/y1 ! pride1 ! g5]osity ( ! ,norwegian peasantry 7 well kn[n to !m1 b !y took advantage ( ^! *>act]i/ics1 :i* !y reg>d$ z exp5sive luxuries4 ,! cities h[ev] became ! seats ( ! educational e/abli%m5ts1 & ! ,norwegian y\? :o 7 int5d$ = ! pr(essions came to ! cities & m+l$ !re ) ! ,g]man elem5t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! sons ( ! citiz5s w5t into ! c\ntry 9 pr(essional capacities & creat$ !re a middle class /rongly impregnat$ ) ,g]man culture4 ,9 ?is mann] a %>p l9e ( dem>cation arose betwe5 ! upp] & middle classes on ! "o h& & ! peasantry on ! o!r1 ! =m] be+ /rongly influ5c$ by ,g]man culture1 ! latt] cl++ t5aci\sly to ! ,norwegian4 ,x is no slur on ! ,g]man "* & ,g]man culture to say t x involv$ deg5]ation 9 no small degree4 ,x p>took ( ! drawbacks ( our civilization1 & :at happ5$ 9 ,norway has happ5$ 9 e c\ntry :]e mod]n civilization has come into contact ) nations ^: virtues & noble qualities h re/$ z mu* on ignorance & ! abs5ce ( temptation z on inborn wor?4 ,?anks to ! hi/orical developm5t we h indicat$1 ! ,norwegian upp] & middle classes1 z well z ! :ole ( ! urban populations1 develop$ *>act]i/ics :i* drew ^u !m ! contempt ( ! peasants4 ,_! eag]ness = pr(it1 _! love ( money1 _! indiff]5ce to ! great1 ! noble1 & ! beautiful1 _! cr++ attitude t[>ds au?orities & t[>ds ! weal?y1 _! sacrifice ( public int]e/s to private welf>e1 _! susceptibility to ! influ5ce ( =eign fa%ion1 mann]s1 & vices1--all ?is t5d$ to l[] ! upp] & middle classes 9 ! eyes ( ! peasants4 ,:5 ! ph5om5on witness$ 9 all civiliz$ c\ntries--! impov]i%m5t ( ! masses--made its appe>ance1 public-spirit$ m5 began to inquire z to ! causes4 ,x 0 9 ! middle ( ?is c5tury1 :5 a _s ( revolution & re=m 0 abroad1 t ! ye>n+ = a bett] /ate ( ?+s began to manife/ itself4 ,!re 7 no ari/ocracy1 no e/abli%$ ,*ur*1 & no privileg$ class to blame = ! unsatisfactory /ate ( ! c\ntry1 & consequ5tly ! inve/igators turn$ _! att5tion to ! e?ical condition ( ! p !mselves4 ,comp>ison betwe5 ! old5 & ! mod]n times 0 in/itut$4 ,! discrepancy betwe5 ! two classes became /rik+1 & ! corrupt+ influ5ces 7 trac$ to ! t[ns4 ,a /rong desire to revive & /r5g!n ! old culture took possession ( _m m5 & wom51 :o1 ?\gh educat$1 _h a ke5 sympa?y ) ! peasants4 ,to f\nd ! future developm5t ( ,norway on ! basis ( ! old ,norwegian culture became ! object ( a new national p>ty1 includ+ "s ( ! be/ elem5ts ( ! ,norwegian nation4 ,^! en?usia/s f\nd _! expression 9 compos]s l ,tj]ulf1 & 9 ! writ+s ( m5 l ,bjrn/j]ne ,bjrns51 ,jonas ,lie1 & ,ibs54 ,! greate/ mi/ake ( ^! writ]s--! "o t has entirely escap$ ,nordau--is _! belief t a nation c realize its be/ aspirations by me?ods t h utt]ly fail$ 9 ! cele/ial empire ( ,*9a4 ,! hope ( pres]v+ ! gr& feature ( ! old ,norwegian culture by exclusiv5ess1 by isolat+ ,norway1 & by (f]+ a /ubborn resi/ance to =eign influ5ce1 be x good or bad--9 ?is !y h set !mselves an impossible task4 ,a ?or\gh national life & developm5t produc$ by su* artificial means w\ld1 ev5 if att5d$ by ! highe/ degree ( success1 p>take ( a !atrical nature4 ,! m x succe$$1 ! m x w\ld attract =eign]s1 & features :i* 9 old5 times sprang f ! "* ( ! p & f natural circum/ances1 w\ld fall into ! l9e ( c>nivals organiz$ at ! exp5se ( ! municipalities & ( railways to ,alp9e summits4 ,^! ,norwegian en?usia/s h yet to le>n t ?\gh =eign t\ri/s1 =eign lit]ature1 & =eign art place temptations 9 ! way ( _! s+le-m9d$ nation1 !re are 9 e c\ntry l>ge numb]s ( p :o fight = progress z s$ul\sly z !mselves1 & ^: co-op]ation w\ld outweigh ! dang]s ( ,european mod]nity4 ,9 ! old culture1 9 ! pa/ life ( nations1 especially 9 nations l ,norway1 !re are great virtues & noble features :i* may well s]ve z a goal4 ,b to aga9 r5d] !m a reality1 to base !m on la/+ f\ndations1 a p mu/ pass ?r\gh ! fi]y trials ( mod]n temptations1 &1 in/ead ( yield+ pla/ically to outw>d circum/ances1 mu/ %ape _! de/9y ?r\gh %e] /r5g? ( "*4 ,:at ,norway has ( good & noble %e %\ld give to o!r nations1 & freely accept _! be/ f !m4 ,?is is an ex*ange :i*1 l m]cy1 blesses bo? giv] & receiv]4 ,?\gh ! /ruggle aga9/ deg5]ation is1 9 ,norway1 hamp]$ by ! national prejudices ( ! lead]s1 x is /ill progress+4 ,ibs5's mission 9 ! fight is to ru?lessly expose ! /agnant pools ( corruption4 ,he f9ds !m 9 ! cities & among ! middle class1 :]e ! old ,g]man ,phili/9e features h be5 mo/ di/9ctly pres]v$4 ,_m ( 8 *>act]s be> ,g]man names1 & ^? :o take ! "p ( ! traditional villa9 we> (t5 ! g>b ( t respectable1 common-s5se1 matt]-(-fact1 self-absorb$ ,g]man :om ,nordau w\ld exempt f any /igma ( deg5]ation4 ,?orvald ,helm]1 9 ,! ,doll's ,h\se1 has1 or w\ld h1 ! sympa?ies ( millions1 n 9 ,g]many alone1 b 9 ,engl& & ev]y:]e1 ( p ^: emotional nature1 ^: love = ! high & noble1 has be5 compress$ by t worldly wisdom :i* 9 our l>ge cr[d$ cities becomes prud5ce1 & to obey :i* is (t5 a duty--p :o are n aw>e t x is n only possible1 b ev5 easy1 to be bo? diplomatic & discreet 9 ob$i5ce to noble emotions & exalt$ aspirations1 & t to root ^! out ( our nature is deg5]ation4 ,helm]1 9 8 sleek reasonabl5ess1 is an excell5t type ( meanness1 & 8 "* is br\ght out 9 a consummately arti/ic way4 ,x exasp]ates ,nordau t ?is man1 :o comes s ne> 8 /&>d ( s\nd-m9d$ness1 %\ld inspire 9 audi5ces all ! _w ov]1 especially 9 ! female elem5t1 a s5se ( av]sion1 app>5tly )\t any ef=t on ! "p ( ! au?or4 ,helm] has a ke5 eye = ! ma9 *ance4 ,8 reputation & 8 position h 8 fir/ consid]ation4 ,he trembles at ! idea ( fight+ ! _w )\t !m4 ,8 love ( 8 wife is ! qu9tess5ce ( selfi%ness4 ,he loves h] 9 ! two only ways :i* ,nordau ?9ks reasonable 9 a human be+1 z a companion1 z a pleasant ?+ to toy )2 & z ! female ( 8 race1 at su* p]iods :5 he1 z ! normal man ( ,nordau1 is actuat$ by animal impulses--= example1 "u ! influ5ce ( *ampagne4 ,( ! pure love = a woman :i* 9 a man's he>t rema9s z a spr+ ( liv+ wat]1 giv+ him a pang ( joy ea* "t 8 ?\ghts rev]t to h]1 & :i* ca/s a rosy t9t ( poetry ov] life1 nay ev5 ov] dea?--( su* love ,helm] is z incapable z ,nordau's normal man4 ,nora ye>ns = ! high]1 nobl] love1 & h] lack ( exp]i5ce 9 "*-/udy has left h] 9 d\bt1 ?\gh 9 hope1 reg>d+ h] husb&4 ,! mom5t comes :5 %e ga9s c]titude2 & :5 ,helm] reveals himself 9 8 ,phili/9e hide\sness1 h] _s revolts4 ,?\gh ( c\rse exagg]at$ = ! sake ( dramatic effect1 %e is a good type ( an intellig5t & emotional ,norwegian woman4 ,norwegian girls receive a great deal ( in/ruction1 & z !y h no pr(essions to prep>e =1 _! education is m lit]>y & arti/ic ?an t ( ! m54 ,!y read voraci\sly ! ,norwegian mod]n writ]s1 & sympa?ize consequ5tly m ?an ! m5 ) ! extreme nationali/s4 ,!y are (t5 /rongly possess$ by ! ,a&--t indef9able ye>n+ = all t is great & noble--9 ,norwegian culture already allud$ to4 ,!y h a fair k ( =eign lit]ature1 & read a great _m ,engli% novels4 ,) _! admiration = ,engli% pure love1 = ,engli% home life1 graft$ on ! gr& aspirations :i* ! new ,a& fo/]s1 !y may well appe> uncanny & troll-l to ! prosaic ,g]man4 ,we tru/ t ! /ruggle betwe5 ! ,norwegian & ! ,g]man cultures1 ( :i* we h endeav\r$ to give an idea1 w make x easi] = /ud5ts ( ,ibs5 to und]/& 8 *>act]s4 ,x is 9 ,! ,doll's ,h\se :]e ! two inimical cultures are mo/ cle>ly p]sonifi$1 ! old ,norwegian culture be+ repres5t$ by ! uncompromis+1 impulsive1 & int5se ,nora1 & ! import$ ,g]man culture by ! p$antic1 commonplace1 & animal ,helm]4 ,if our int]pretation is "r1 x is impossible t ,ibs5's "w c\ld 9 any way indicate deg5]ation4 ,x ought1 on ! contr>y1 to be evid5t t 8 pieces1 r5d]+ objective z !y d ! /ruggle = a high] & bett] life1 bas$ n on p$antic consid]ations ( imm$iate & unwor?y advantages1 b on ! noble impulses ( a /rong & heal?y nation1 are at once a summons to rise high]1 & signals po9t+ ! way4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,ri*>d ,,wagn] ,we all h met ) p :o1 )\t be+ deg5]ates to any great ext5t repeat /ories ( _! own inv5tion s p]si/5tly1 t !y end by believ+ 9 !m4 ,9 ?is k9d ( folly1 if folly x be1 !re is a great deal ( me?od :5 indulg$ 9 by p :o are anxi\s1 = "s reason or ano!r1 t _! views %\ld nol5s vol5s be accept$ by o!rs4 ,:5 "o comes to deal ) ! intellectual developm5t ( a nation or a race1 & wi%es to prove c]ta9 =ms ( progress or retrogression1 x is half ! battle to br+ y\r oppon5t to believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( "s special1 well-def9$ psy*ological ph5om5on or social t5d5cy1 & to give x a high-s\nd+ "n4 ,:at w\ld a/rology h be5 )\t ! horoscope1 or al*emy )\t ! philosoph]'s /one8 ,:at w\ld mod]n /atecraft be )\t su* t]ms z 8=eign competition0 & 8int]national jeal\sy08 ,:at w\ld ,g]man socialism be )\t ! t]m 8revolution>y socialism08 ,:at w\ld bi-metallism be )\t ! phrase1 8! /ability ( ! curr5cy08 ,& :at w\ld ,nordau's !ory ( deg5]ation be )\t ! 8my/ic movem5t08 ,he takes = grant$ t !re is su* a ?+ z my/icism1 z well z t x con/itutes a movem5t1 & !n endeav\rs to expla9 ev]y?+ z p>tak+ ( or result+ f x4 ,accord+ to him1 ,wagn]ism is ! reappe>ance 9 ,g]many ( t romanticism :i* orig9at$ !re1 & aft]w>ds travell$ ?r\gh ,france & ,engl&4 ,x reappe>$1 accord+ to him1 ?r\gh ,wagn]'s deg5]ation1 & spread 9 virtue ( ! deg5]ation ( 8 contempor>ies4 ,he says t he f9ds 9 ,wagn] a great] abundance ( deg5]ation ?an 9 all ! o!r deg5]ates put toge!r4 8,! /igmata ( 8 morbid condition10 he says1 8are unit$ 9 him 9 ! mo/ complete & mo/ luxuriant developm5t40 ,?is is a bold ass]tion1 & w appe> bold] yet to any "o :o has read 8 *apt] 9 ,! ,ri*>d ,wagn] ,cult4 ,wagn]'s dislike ( ! ,jews1 :i* ,nordau calls anti-semitism1 & 8 views on social que/ions1 :i* our ali5i/ calls ,an>*ism1 are po9t$ out z unfail+ /igmata ( deg5]ation4 ,"o ( ! me?ods ( our ali5i/ is to notice & make mu* ( c]ta9 extreme op9ions 9 p :o are actually made1 or :o h made !mselves1 int5sely objectionable1 & !n to po9t out t simil> op9ions & ideas are pres5t 9 ! m9d ( "s celebrity1 & !n to draw ! conclusion t ?is celebrity mu/ be on ! road to madness4 ,ei!r he does n see himself1 or he tru/s 8 read]s w n see1 t by su* me?ods e man 9 ! _w might be prov$ to "s ext5t d]ang$4 ,he =gets t exagg]at$ virtues become vices1 & t "s ( ! mo/ prom95t m5 9 ! _w h _h idiosyncrasies to :i* !y h ev5 giv5 consid]able play )\t at all com+ )9 ! range ( deg5]ation4 ,! anti-semitism 9 ,g]many1 :i* ,nordau ascribes to deg5]ation--probably ) ! approval ( ! majority ( ,jews--9 t c\ntry1 z well z 9 ,russia1 ,france1 & ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 spr+s f causes s pat5t1 t no man :o aspires to be consid]$ an acute obs]v] ( 8 "t %\ld ignore !m4 ,let u in/ance ,russia fir/--a c\ntry :]e ! late/ wave ( anti-semitism fir/ took a viol5t =m4 ,c any "o :o is acqua9t$ ) ! typical f9ancial hi/ory ( ! ,russian villages wond] t ! ,jews 9 ,russia %\ld be look$ ^u z a sc\rge8 ,:at has happ5$ 9 ?\s&s ( su* villages is ?is4 ,an en]getic1 clev] ,jew settles among/ ! ,russian m\jiks1 :o comb9e ?riftlessness & love ( an easy life ) _m ( ! good qualities & innoc5ce ( primitive races4 ,! ,jew is b5t on mak+ money1 & c>+ little ab\t ! op9ion ! community may =m ( him1 & too brave to fe> _! enmity1 he has no hesitation 9 tak+ up any k9d ( bus9ess1 h[ev] unpopul> x may r5d] him4 ,he will+ly becomes a publican1 a pawnbrok]1 a l&-grabb]1 &1 9 comb9ation ) o!r ,jews1 a speculator & corn]]4 ,8 att5tion to bus9ess1 8 self-d5ial1 8 h>dhe>t$ness to 8 cu/om]s1 8 k ( ! tricks ( trades & f9ance1 ! ready support he gets f 8 co-religioni/s 9 o!r di/ricts 9 c>ry+ out 8 purposes1 h[ev] d]ogatory !y may be to ! community--all ?is soon r5d]s him ! ma/] ( ! situation4 ,! /rang]1 :o at fir/ 9 su* a fri5dly _s invit$ 8 cu/om] to dr9k 8 vodka & borr[ 8 money1 is soon trans=m$ into a h>% tyrant :o1 by hook or by crook1 came into possession ( all ! belong+s ( ! villag]s1 & calmly makes use ( _! de/itution to extort f !m _! future e>n+s4 ,! ,jews1 z a rule1 on ! "o h&1 & ! ,russians on ! o!r1 =m diametrically opposite views on ?is social ph5om5on4 ,! ,jews say1 & ,nordau evid5tly sides ) !m1 t ?is successful village tyrant has done no?+ to des]ve blame4 ,he has only be5 m frugal1 m ?rifty1 & m intellig5t ?an ! ,russians1 :o 7 b\nd by _! inf]ior "* to g to ! wall2 & t if ,russia hates ! ,jews1 x is ) t hatr$ aga9/ successful m5 common 9 human failures4 ,! ru9$ ,russian peasants simply "k t ! ,jew :o came among !m is ri* & !y are poor1 t :at us$ to be _! possessions =m 8 weal?1 & t ! means he has us$ to obta9 x w\ld n h be5 us$ by !m "u any circum/ances4 ,!y ?9k !y h be5 robb$1 & t !y & _! desc5dants w\ld be robb$ by ! ,jew & 8 desc5dants if !y _c be fre$ f him4 ,h5ce anti-semitism 9 ,russia4 ,nordau has no "r to call ! anti-semiti/s deg5]ate1 ev5 ?\gh !y be wrong 9 _! logic1 because he is wrong himself1 & he _c po9t to ru9$ homes & wreck$ lives z a sub/antial f\ndation = 8 op9ion4 ,9 ,g]many ! ,jews play ! same "p1 ?\gh "u modifi$ conditions4 ,?\gh bad1 ,g]man laws & ,g]man (ficialism are bett] ?an ^? ( ,russia1 & ! ,g]man p d n s easily fall a prey to ! /rong-m9d$ ,jew4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,jews make !mselves obnoxi\s 9 o!r ways1 bo? 9 ,g]many & ,au/ria4 ,"h !y act ev]y:]e z trade-spoil]s4 ,! ,jew und]sells ev]ybody4 ,he /ops %ort ( no?+1 save break+ ! law1 to ext5d 8 bus9ess4 ,he is obsequi\s to ^? 9 p[] & 9 weal?1 b rel5tlessly h>d to competitors & to cr$itors4 ,_m ( !m w take ! greate/ possible advantage ( o!r p's1 especially ,*ri/ians'1 mis=tunes1 & w ga9 _! end by delib]ately w\nd+ o!r p's feel+s4 ,x is ! ,jews :o g5]ally pay ! l[e/ wages1 & :o are f\nd 9 ! ranks ( ! sweat]s4 ,we ha/5 to /ate t !re are 9 ,g]many a great _m exceptions to ! types "h ref]r$ to4 ,b ei!r !y are n num]\s en\gh1 or ! ,jew mu/ possess "s inability to %[ 8 bett] qualities1 = no "o acqua9t$ ) ! circum/ances 9 ,g]many w\ld d5y t ! ,jew-hat]s !re look ^u _! enemies 9 exactly ! light we h describ$4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,accusations are levell$ aga9/ ! ,jews :i* are p>tly untrue1 or else va/ly exagg]at$1 & ^? :o make !m %\ld be call$ ^u to prove _! /atem5ts4 ,:e!r !y may be able to d ?is or n1 ! fact rema9s t ! ,jew-hat+ ,g]mans believe t ! ,jews h =m$ "o va/ conspiracy1 ! object ( :i* is to secure = ! ,jews l>ge advantages at ! exp5se ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,x is alleg$ t ! me?ods employ$ are z foll[s3 ,! ,jews are suppos$ to meet 9 secret conclave1 9 :i* ^? ( !m :o desire to accompli% any special aim /ate x to _! bre?r51 :o !n comb9e 9 assi/+ !m4 ,su* aims may be ! possession ( a h\se or a %op 9 ! h&s ( a ,*ri/ian1 ! ru9 ( "s obnoxi\s competitor1 ! misc>riage ( "s public auction ( goods covet$ by "s ,jew1 & s on4 ,) su* ideas prevail+1 h[ is x possible to ascribe ,jew hatr$ to deg5]acy8 ,su* logic is all ! m surpris+ z x rema9s a palpable fact t ! =tunes ( ! ,jewi% h\ses are gr[+ apace1 t ,jews seem to succe$ no matt] :at !y und]take1 t !y c]ta9ly are m *>itable to _! co-religioni/s ?an to ,*ri/ians1 & = t matt] ?an ,*ri/ians are to ,*ri/ians1 :ile at ! same "t pov]ty & mis]y are on ! increase among ! ,*ri/ian masses4 ,nordau does a bad s]vice to ! ,jews ( ,g]many :5 he attempts to lay ! blame = anti-semitism exclusively at ! door ( ! ,*ri/ians & calls !m deg5]ates1 :ile he entirely exempts ! ,jews4 ,?is p>tiality1 c\pl$ ) 8 contempt = ! masses & 8 belief 9 gov]nm5t by ! m /rong-m9d$ m51 po9ts to a future /ate 9 ,g]many 9 :i* ! ,jews %\ld be ! rul+ ari/ocracy4 ,8 unfairness ?us1 in/ead ( abat+ ! p]secution aga9/ ! ,jews1 might easily be con/ru$ into an excuse = a m bitt] anti-semitism4 ,?is error ( 8 is due to 8 besett+ habit ( tak+ 8 po/ulates f d\btful au?orities & ( draw+ illogical conclusions4 ,x is a common ?+ = m5 :o h be5 successful 9 "o bran* ( k1 & :o are reg>d$ z au?orities 9 a specialty by o!rs1 to jump at ra% conclusions ) reg>d to subjects on :i* au?orities diff] or d n exi/4 ,?is is exactly :at ,nordau does :5 he comes to consid] facts :i* _c be rightly und]/ood )\t a cle> insight into sociology & o!r social sci5ces4 ,he !n ev9ces impossible op9ions1 & gives u to und]/& t he has a ready-made s*eme = recon/ruct+ society on a new & p]fect plan4 ,x is n difficult to see :at ?is plan is4 ,x is quasi-,collectivism & ,communism4 ,he wi%es ! ,/ate to become ! univ]sal heir ( all =tunes & ! univ]sal b5efactor4 ,! absurdity & impracticability ( ?is s*eme--:i*1 by ! way1 is always ! v "o t fir/ ent]s ! head ( a "y /ud5t :o tackles social sci5ce = ! fir/ "t--are obvi\s4 ,z h[ev] he does n insi/ ^u 8 s*eme 9 8 volume ,deg5]ation1 x w\ld be out ( place to expla9 its holl[ness "h4 ,we h ref]r$ to x simply to %[ t 8 sup]ficiality reg>d+ ! anti-semitic "q is n incid5tal4 ,x w be evid5t to anybody :o tackles ?is "q ) an unprejudic$ m9d t ! ,*ri/ians 9 ,russia & ,g]many are utt]ly at fault :5 !y believe t !y c escape f _! tr\bles by p]secut+ ,jews1 & also t ! ,jews are utt]ly at fault :5 !y attribute anti-semitism to ! jeal\sy & wick$ness ( ! ,*ri/ians4 ,bo? ^! p>ties1 z well z ,nordau himself1 all[ _! feel+s in/ead ( _! intellig5ce to det]m9e ^! que/ions4 ,b !y are n necess>ily deg5]ate4 ,! true explanation ( ! imbroglio is z foll[s3 ,! ,jewi% race1 :i* might h acquir$ a few unpleasant *>act]i/ics by no fault ( _! own b ?r\gh a cruel & unju/ p]secution = c5turies1 is a highly-gift$ "o1 di/+ui%+ itself by /rong-m9d$ness1 great w-p[]1 rem>kable p[]s ( endurance1 morality1 & s+l5ess ( purpose4 ,depriv$1 9 a great numb] ( c\ntries ( social rights & ! privileges ( citiz5%ip1 !y h = c5turies f\nd only "o way op5 to !m by :i* !y c\ld atta9 to indep5d5ce1 security1 & consid]ation--! accumulation ( weal?4 ,9 mod]n times1 :5 social in/itutions & laws t5d to r5d] weal? almo/ omnipot5t1 its acquisition has become to ?is p ( great] importance ?an ev]4 ,success 9 a bus9ess1 h[ev] small1 may mean millions 9 ! future1 :ile failure may result 9 life-long mis]y4 ,consequ5tly1 ! ,jews apply !mselves to _! trades or pr(essions ) an en]gy & assiduity su* z few races c comm&4 ,!y !re=e repres5t a p[] 9 ! developm5t ( humanity :i* is b\nd to produce f>-rea*+ effects4 ,:e!r ^! w con/itute a bless+ or a curse to ! nations among :om ! ,jews live & "w dep5ds entirely on ! in/itutions & ! laws ( ^? c\ntries4 ,if ^! are su* z to r5d] ! oppression ( ! poor1 ! work]s1 ! borr[]s1 ! t5ants--9 fact1 all ! sections ( society on :i* ! ,jews n[ batt51--a condition = ! ?riv+ ( ! capitali/s1 ! employ]s1 ! l5d]s1 ! t5ants1 & ! =tunate classes 9 g5]al--if ! laws are ( ?is description1 !n ! ,jews w be conspicu\s z ! oppressors ( o!rs4 ,b if1 on ! contr>y1 ! laws & in/itutions ( ! c\ntries are su* z to r5d] ! success ( ! upp] classes & lead]s ( trade1 indu/ry1 & f9ance dep5d5t on ! welf>e ( ! work]s1 !n ! ,jews w be ! mo/ lib]al l5d]s1 ! mo/ g5]\s employ]s1 & ! mo/ accommodat+ l&lords4 ,9 fact1 ! "q resolves itself simply into "o ( dem& & supply2 z long z !re is a great] dem& = ,jews' s]vices ?an ! ,jews are able to supply1 ! latt] w dom9ate2 b :5 !re are m s]vices (f]$ on ! "p ( ! ,jews ?an ! p c avail !mselves (1 ^! c dictate t]ms to ! ,jews4 ,& ?is relation ( dem& & supply dep5ds on laws & in/itutions4 ,ev5 if ,nordau's prejudices prev5t$ him f tak+ ?is view ( ! anti-semitic "q--:i* is n only ! correct "o b :i* greatly facilitates ! solution ( ! "q1 & ?us w\ld prev5t ! disgraceful p]secution :i* 9 _m c\ntries ?reat5s to become m s]i\s--he might h f\nd1 by simply look+ at ! actualities1 9 ! diff]5t c\ntries t anti-semitism prevails 9 an inv]se ratio to good gov]nm5t4 ,he c\ld n h ask$ = a bett] pro( ( ! fact t laws & in/itutions are at fault & n ! ,jews or ! ,*ri/ians4 ,to take only ! two extremes3 9 ,russia1 :]e ! ,gov]nm5t1 f ! p's po9t ( view1 is probably ! wor/ 9 ,europe1 anti-semitism is mo/ vehem5t2 9 ,engl&1 :]e ! ,gov]nm5t is m influ5c$ by ! consid]ation ( ! good ( ! p ?an 9 any o!r c\ntry1 !re is sc>cely any animosity aga9/ ! ,jews1 & ?is 9 spite ( ! ef=ts ( c]ta9 politicians to promote x4 ,! reception ( ,dr4 ,/ck]1 :5 he attempt$ to address a public meet+ 9 ,london 9 fav\r ( anti-semitism1 w\ld h conv9c$ ,nordau1 _h he be5 pres5t1 :at a poor *ance anti-semitism has 9 a c\ntry :]e ! work+ classes are free to foll[ ^? in/9cts :i* ,nordau fe>s s mu*4 ,we may relate t h>dly _h ! proce$+s begun :5 ! hall 0 fill$ by lab\r]s1 :o1 contr>y to _! habit on su* occasions1 _h n *ang$ _! dress1 & :o hoot$ ,dr4 ,/ck]1 /orm$ ! plat=m1 ov]p[]$ ! anti-semiti/s1 & cle>$ ! hall4 ,9 face ( ! fact t anti-semitic que/ions turn s entirely on prejudices & mi/akes1 "o _c surely accuse ,wagn] ( madness because he sid$ ) :at may be call$ a national p>ty1 & approv$ ( a movem5t ! object ( :i* 0 to /ay ! progressive influ5ce ( an ali5 race ov] ! de/9y ( ! ,fa!rl&4 ,9 sev]al places 9 8 "w ,nordau insi/s ^u consid]+ ! an>*i/ t5d5cies ( our age z among ! /igmata ( deg5]ation4 ,if he 7 "r1 we %\ld be face to face ) a calamity likely to end 9 ! brutalization or ! annihilation ( our race4 ,= ,an>*ism 9 "s =m ( o!r is c]ta9ly spread+ rapidly4 ,t !re is ,an>*ism & ,an>*ism seems ( little importance to our ali5i/ 9 8 eag]ness to draw 8 preconceiv$ conclusions4 ,he reasons z usual4 ,/>t+ f ! hypo!sis t "s ( ! crim9al ,an>*i/s 71 to "s ext5t1 m5tally d]ang$ & morally weak1 he arrives at ! conclusion t ,wagn] 0 a deg5]ate1 because he %>$ to "s ext5t ) ! ,an>*i/s ! hatr$ ( our pres5t social sy/em & ( ! injuri\s effects x produces on ! masses ( ! p4 ,?\gh ,nordau dwells f> m l5g?ily on poetry1 & art1 & cognate subjects ?an on ! grav] "q ( ,an>*ism1 !re is no po9t on :i* x behoves u bett] to set him & 8 read]s "r ?an t ( ! relation betwe5 ,an>*ism & deg5]ation4 ,! ,an>*i/ is n a cause4 ,he is an effect4 ,!re is a feel+ 9 ! consci\sness ( almo/ e human be+1 be he a believ] 9 a div9e religion or 9 ,nordau's religion ( humanity1 t our race is de/9$ to a high degree ( developm5t1 & to a f> l>g] sph]e ( happ9ess ?an n[ falls to ! lot ( mo/ ( u4 ,?is ye>n+ = happ9ess1 = elevation1 is n only a feel+ b a conviction consequ5t ^u our k ( ! pa/ /ages ( ! developm5t ( man4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 f]v5t religi\s beliefs induc$ pati5ce & resignation "u suff]+1 & :5 our future de/9y 0 left 9 ! h&s ( ,provid5ce4 ,b ! ,fr5* encyclopdi/s1 & aft] !m ! mod]n sci5ti/s1 h done _! be/ to und]m9e ?is belief & to %[ u t ! de/9y ( future g5]ations w l>gely dep5d ^u u & !mselves1 t sci5ce is plac+ 9 our h&s an ev]-gr[+ control ov] ! =ces ( nature1 & t if humanity suff]s x is because ! pres5t g5]ation has n ! moral c\rage to ?r[ (f religi\s scruples & boldly %ape _! own de/9y4 ,^! doctr9es1 9 unison ) ! g5]al progressive _s ( ! age1 l$ to revolutions & political re=ms4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( a provid5ce ! nations %ift$ _! fai? to con/itutional gov]nm5ts4 ,b ! new fai? did n la/ long4 ,! m democratic ! gov]nm5ts 7 ! m !y appli$ ! pr9ciples ( ,collectivism--!y yield$ to ^? in/9cts :i* ,nordau calls ! social in/9cts4 ,"u ! pretext ( ex]cis+ pat]nal k9dness t[>ds ! p1 ! gov]nm5ts dem&$ pat]nal rights4 ,communi/ic & sociali/ic ideas spread among ! masses1 :o1 well aw>e t a provid5ce )\t p[] w\ld be no provid5ce at all1 want$ to r5d] ! ,/ate omnipot5t4 ,:5 h[ev] sociali/ic features 7 introduc$ into ! con/itutions1 matt]s did n m5d1 b ! fre$om ( ! individual 0 m & m infr+$4 ,:5 detail$ s*emes ( fur!r sociali/ic developm5t 7 made public1 a great _m fre$om-lov+ m5 & wom5 beheld ) t]ror t ! *ief cause ( ! fav\r ) :i* ! progress+ socialism 0 reg>d$ 0 to be f\nd 9 ! plan ( complete subjection ( ! individual "u gov]nm5t4 ,?is discov]y naturally caus$ a reaction 9 fav\r ( lib]ty4 ,^? :o became ,an>*i/s felt ke5ly ! claws ( ! ,/ate ^u !m1 & !y =esaw t m socialism w\ld aggravate _! grievances4 ,!y took = grant$ t humanity _h n[ tri$ all =ms ( gov]nm5t & t !y _h all fail$1 & t ! salvation ( ! race c\ld only be f\nd 9 absolute p]sonal fre$om4 ,! fir/ extreme ,russian ,nihili/s pav$ ! way = ! ,an>*i/ movem5t 9 ,europe4 ,!y1 l _! fir/ foll[]s 9 ,france1 _h only "o idea1 t ( de/roy+ at all co/s ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s1 & ?us cle>+ ! gr\nd = a new sy/em to gr[ up free f ! tyranny ( gov]nm5ts1 ari/ocracies1 milit>ism1 l&lordism1 & capitalism4 ,!y saw t an imm5se mass ( poor1 h>d-work+1 hone/ p ) b a small *ance ( happ9ess = !mselves1 b imbu$ ) a /rong desire to see ! :ole ( humanity happy1 7 oppress$ by a small numb] ( selfi% p :o arrogat$ to !mselves ! lion's %>e ( ! good ?+s ( life4 ,!y f\nd t ?is b& ( selfi% p atta9$ to _! imm5se p[] by a social sy/em ( sl[ & gradual gr[?4 ,trac+ all ! tr\bles to ! few egoti/s :om !y reg>d$ z crim9als1 !y imag9$ t by de/roy+ !m & ! sy/em1 ! unselfi% & humanit>ian aspirations ( ! masses w\ld blossom =? free & unvitiat$4 ,! ,an>*i/s 7 ?us ! backbone ( ! religion ( humanity1 only _! fai? 0 /rong] ?an t ( ,nordau1 = !y 7 will+ to sacrifice all1 includ+ life1 = ! good ( ! race4 ,if ^! p 71 & are1 deg5]ate1 !n e mi/ake 9 reason+ is a sign ( deg5]ation1 & fai? 9 humanity & its de/9y is ! beg9n+ ( madness4 ,:5 ,nordau designates ,wagn] z an ,an>*i/1 he evid5tly ignores ! fact t !re are two k9ds ( ,an>*i/s1 ! viol5t ones j describ$1 & ! mod]ate or con/itutional ones4 ,! latt] call !mselves simply ,an>*i/s4 ,_! numb]s are gr[+ rapidly 9 ,france1 z well z 9 ,engl&1 & 9 bo? ^! c\ntries ,nordau w\ld be surpris$ at _! mod]ation & common s5se4 ,! movem5t !y repres5t is a reaction aga9/ ! sociali/ic t5d5cies1 & _! programme is n viol5ce & de/ruction1 b ! gradual abolition ( all h>mful & useless legislation4 ,x is true t s f> !y h no precise policy4 ,b su* special measures z are advocat$--p>tly 9 ,france1 p>tly 9 ,engl&1 & p>tly 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates--seem to be f\nd$ on cle> & ?or\gh reason+1 & :5 _! lead+ pr9ciple is comp>$ ) ! %all[ *att] ( ,sociali/s & ,communi/s ( e s*ool x appe>s z wisdom itself4 ,:at all ^! p believe1 :at !y long =1 & :at !y hope =1 is exactly :at ,wagn] believ$1 long$ =1 & hop$ =4 ,he saw 9 ,phili/9ism1 9 (ficial tyranny1 9 police gov]nm5t1 & 9 legal trammels /&+ 9 ! way ( trades1 indu/ries1 & arts1 s _m imp$im5ts to ! realization ( ! be/ in/9cts & ! highe/ aspirations ( humanity4 ,:atev] op9ions he held1 !y c only be judg$ by ! few exasp]at$ exclamations he gave v5t to ) reg>d to ! corruption ( mod]n society4 ,x is n likely t he1 ) su* imm5se works on h&1 %\ld h giv5 suffici5t att5tion to social que/ions to all[ him to express himself 9 le>n$ t]ms4 ,b :at he said & wrote on ! subject %[s cle>ly t ! f\ndation ( 8 social views 0 tru/ 9 humanity1 9 ! sanctity ( nature1 & 9 ! ennobl+ p[] ( lib]ty4 ,c any "o ) a true love ( art imag9e an arti/ )\t su* a cre$8 ,:at 0 m natural ?an t1 ft$ & prais$ z he 01 he %\ld h a good op9ion ( 8 own tal5t & consid] himself a great man8 ,if = ?is he des]v$ to be suspect$ ( megalomania1 :at are we to say ab\t o!r celebrities1 m$iocrities1 & non5tities1 :o imag9e !mselves demi-gods because !y happ5 to be ! sons ( _! fa!rs1 to be born 9 purple1 or to h a title atta*$ to _! "n8 ,nordau is extremely h>d on ^? :o h sung ! praises ( ,wagn]1 & ins9uates t !y h be5 actuat$ by base motives :5 !y h n be5 absolutely deg5]at$4 ,accord+ to him1 admiration = ,wagn]'s works is a sure sign ( m5tal uns\ndness4 ,& yet ?is same ,nordau f9ds reasons = prais+ ,wagn]'s g5ius :i* a ho/ ( 8 panegyri/s h ov]look$4 ,he says3 8,wagn]1 z a dramati/ is really an hi/orical pa9t] ( ! highe/ rank4444 ,?is a fresco pa9t] he is 9 a degree nev] yet atta9$ by any o!r dramatic au?or 9 ! :ole _w ( lit]ature4 ,e action embodies itself = him 9 a s]ies ( mo/ impos+ pictures1 :i*1 :5 !y are compos$ z ,wagn] has se5 !m ) 8 inn] eye1 mu/ ov]:elm & enrapture ! behold]4 ,! reception ( ! gue/s 9 ! hall ( ,w>tburg2 ! arrival & dep>ture ( ,loh5gr9 9 ! boat drawn by ! swan2 ! gambols ( ! ,rh9e maid5s 9 ! riv]2 ! defil+ ( ! gods ov] ! ra9b[-bridge t[>ds ! ca/le ( ,asg>d2 ! bur/+ ( ! moonlight into ,hund+'s hut2 ! ride ( ! ,walkre ov] ! battle-field2 ,brunhilde 9 ! circle ( fire2 ! f9al sc5e 9 #8,gtt]dmm]ung1' :]e ,brunhilde fl+s h]self on to h] horse & leaps into ! mid/ ( ! fun]al pyre1 :ile ,hagan ?r[s himself into ! surg+ ,rh9e1 & ! heav5s are aflame ) ! gl[ f ! burn+ palace ( ! gods2 ! love-fea/ ( ! knights 9 ! ca/le ( ! ,grail2 ! obsequies ( ,titurel & ! heal+ ( ,am=tas--^! are pictures to :i* no?+ 9 art hi!rto approa*es40 ,x is /range t ,nordau 9 8 love = au?orities %\ld quote ,nietzs*e--a ,g]man au?or :om1 9 ano!r "p ( 8 book1 he makes out to be a hopeless deg5]ate & *>latan--9 support ( 8 views ( ,wagn]6 ,b ,nietzs*e has writt5 a book call$ ,d] ,fall ,wagn]1 & t suffices4 ,?is ,nietzs*e calls ,wagn] a com$ian1 b ,nordau insi/s ^u 8 be+ a pa9t]1 & t 8if he _h be5 a heal?y g5ius1 end[$ ) intellectual equilibrium1 t is :at he w\ld und\bt$ly h become4 ,8 inn] vision w\ld h =c$ ! bru% into 8 h&1 & w\ld h con/ra9$ him to use x on canvas by means ( col\r40 ,:5 ,nordau says a pa9t]1 he evid5tly re/ricts ! mean+ ( ! ^w to its n>r[e/ s5se1 & makes x difficult to at all class a man :o1 l ,wagn]1 evolv$ & produc$ pictures ( su* gr&eur & su* beauty z ^? our ali5i/ s well describes4 ,! fact t ! arti/ uses actual p]spective1 real drap]ies1 liv+ p1 actual fire1 t he selects 8 own light1 & p]sonally arranges ?is mass ( objects s z to exactly reproduce ! d>+ conception ( 8 m9d--all ?is %\ld surely n be cit$ z s _m pro(s ( ! unheal?9ess ( 8 g5ius4 ,w\ld he h be5 a great]1 a s\nd] g5ius1 _h 8 ability be5 re/rict$ to sket*+ & col\r+ 8 conceptions on c>dbo>d or canvas8 ,%\ld !n a pa9t]'s g5ius be conf9$ to ! production ( pictures suitable only to decorate ,phili/9e h\ses & (ficial gall]ies8 ,because ,nordau's p$antic t5d5cies h =m$ su* a ,phili/9e idea ab\t ! art ( pa9t+1 is x "r to d5y true g5ius to a man :o has produc$ unapproa*able pictures on a colossal scale1 n by ! means ( bru%es & pigm5ts1 b by mat]ials inf9itely m difficult to h&le8 ,b ^! ma/]pieces ( pa9t+ d n alone be> witness to ,wagn]'s p[]s4 ,8 pa9t+s are n fix$2 !y are movable4 ,!y repres5t actually an en*ant+ succession ( pictures4 ,! true g5ius la ,nordau gives u ! pictures ( figures 9 motion t nev] move1 & tires u ) a ,qu9tus ,curtius susp5d$ 9 mid-air half way d[n a *asm1 until we wi% him at ! bottom ( x4 ,su* a mov+ picture ( ,wagn]'s is n ?ru/ ^u u sudd5ly 9 ! mann] ( gall]y pictures1 b is pres5t$ to u z ! fit illu/ration ( a beautiful poem1 & (t5 z ! climax ( a s]ies ( o!r pictures :i* expla9 x1 relieve x1 & "w up our emotions = its reception4 ,to ?is mu/ be add$ t ! same pa9t]-g5ius1 ! same dramati/1 ! same poet1 has creat$ ! wondr\s & en*ant+ music :i* accompanies ! poem & ! pictures4 ,& because he has done all ?is1 because he has n foll[$ ! r\t9e ( o!r ,g]man pa9t]s1 because he has d>$ to & succe$$ 9 transport+ 8 audi5ces into ! highe/ possible region ( imag9ation1 & giv5 !m a glimpse ( real creative p[]s1 he is to be class$ z a deg5]ate2 to rank among ^? ( :om humanity is a%am$1 & ^: degrad$ /ate is to w>n u ( ! com+ decay ( our race4 ,c any "o ) a gra9 ( hum\r read ,nordau's attacks on ,wagn] )\t imag9+ an irascible toy-t]ri] b>k+ at ! moon8 ,nordau probably feels t ,wagn]'s anti-semitism1 8 ,an>*ism1 & 8 ability to create transc5d5tally beautiful pictures are /igmata :i* h>dly any ( 8 read]s w\ld accept z su*1 & consequ5tly feels impell$ to make mu* ( :at x pleases him to call ,wagn]'s eroticism4 ,"h1 z ev]y:]e 9 8 book1 9 ord] to impress 8 read]s he c\nts on ! my/ical effect :i* ! use ( a high-s\nd+ sci5tific ^w g5]ally produces ^u unsci5tific read]s4 ,a fav\rite expression ( 81 :5 speak+ ( "s psy*ological ph5om5on1 is t sci5ce kn[s all ab\t x1 & he calls x megalomania1 graphomania1 e*olalia1 or "s su* "n4 ,) p :o h only a sup]ficial k ( sci5ce1 & :o /& 9 awe ( its a*ievem5ts1 su* n\ns /& = a special def9ite ?+1 ?or\ghly inve/igat$ & expla9$4 ,!y d n "k t ^! sci5tific names h be5 inv5t$1 n 9 ord] to designate some?+ real & palpable1 b simply = ! purpose ( br++ ord] into an arbitr>y classification1 inv5t$ s t ! ex*ange ( ideas may be facilitat$ on ! subject ?us treat$4 ,su* sci5tific t]ms might ev5 be class$ among my/ical symbols1 9 s f> z !y (t5 /& = some?+ ( :i* h>dly any?+ is kn[n1 b at ! same "t s]ve ! same useful end z algebraical figures4 ,psy*ologi/s are prone to speak ( a man's consci\sness1 ?\gh sc>cely two sci5tific m5 w\ld agree z to :at x is4 ,b ?is does n prev5t !m f divid+ consci\sness up into divisions & sub-divisions1 all ) _! special names1 9 ord] to be able to express _! ideas 9 words4 ,! unsci5tific read] %\ld be> 9 m9d t consci\sness has nev] be5 "u ! microscope1 or 9 ! crucible1 & t ! classification ( ! sci5ti/s has no c\nt]p>t 9 consci\sness itself1 & t ?is rema9s ! impalpable & indivisible ,ego1 ) its inf9ite numb] ( attributes insep>ably comm+l$4 ,all ! diff]5t /ates1 conditions1 faculties1 p]fections1 & defects ( ! ,ego are ( c\rse kn[n only by ! results !y produce 9 ! physical _w1 & x is by ^! results t !y h be5 classifi$4 ,x is evid5t t su* me?ods ( classification %\ld leave an imm5se m>g9 = ^? :o wi%1 or feel impell$ by _! own idiosyncrasies1 to misuse sci5tific t]ms designat+ psy*ological ph5om5a4 ,nordau indulges 9 ?is misuse ( sci5tific t]ms to ! fulle/ ext5t1 9 a way n to be easily discov]$ by ! non-sci5tific read]4 ,! ^w 8eroticism0 us$ by him s frequ5tly1 ) all ! pomposity ( a sci5tific t]m1 is co9$ f ! ^w 8erotic10 a lit]>y t]m :i* aga9 is d]iv$1 z we all "k1 f ,eros1 ! ,greek god ( love4 ,x is an adjective :i* means p]ta9+ to or expressive ( love-passion4 ,su* an adjective necess>ily f9ds an enorm\sly wide application1 consid]+ t love 9 "o s5se is ! lead+ pr9ciple 9 organic creation1 &1 9 a m psy*ological s5se1 ! motive p[] 9 ! human drama4 ,we may say t we ourselves1 ! outcome ( love1 regulate our :ole life1 & sometimes base our hopes ( a future /ate on love4 ,consequ5tly !re is h>dly any?+ 9 our lives t is n cov]$ by ! adjective 8erotic40 ,! ali5i/s hav+ adopt$ ! ^w 8eroticism0 9 ord] to designate a /ate ( m9d :i* c]ta9 actions reveal to !m1 & :i* /ate ( m9d1 :5 its exi/5ce is corroborat$ by o!r facts1 may be consid]$ z a disease1 x is evid5t t1 :ile !y may apply ! ^w 8eroticism0 to almo/ any?+ 9 ! organic _w & 9 human society1 x is bett] = _! purpose to apply x only to a c]ta9 =m ( a diseas$ m9d4 ,:ile a /rictly logical & c>eful ali5i/ might deem x irrational & confus+ to use ! t]m 8eroticism10 or ev5 ! adjective 8erotic10 outside a cle>ly def9$ case ( m5tal disease1 x _c be consid]$ absolutely wrong to apply su* t]ms :5ev] ! love-passion is 9 "q1 ev5 a love-passion ( a mo/ legitimate k9d4 ,we %all n[ %[ h[ ,nordau manages to slip ov] ! bord] )9 :i* sci5tific t]ms %\ld be us$1 & applies !m indiscrim9ately to ev]y?+2 & h[ he1 9 ?is mann]1 tries to e/abli% t ,wagn] suff]s f erotic madness1 because he looks ^u love z "o ( ! *ief motors 9 ! human drama & ! tree ( k = good or evil4 ,nordau1 9 a flippant criticism1 :i* he endeav\rs to r5d] funny1 ( ! behavi\r ( ,wagn]'s *>act]s on ! /age1 =gets 8 self-criticism to su* an ext5t z to lik5 !m to mad tom-cats--a simile :i* probably no sane man w\ld accept z true4 ,hav+ once conceiv$ ! idea ( mad tom-cats1 x at once becomes an obsession 9 8 m9d1 & sugge/s pres5tations ( real cases ( erotic fury4 ,he consequ5tly1 accord+ to 8 habit1 takes = grant$ t ! actors on ! /age mu/ necess>ily repres5t ! exact /ate ( m9d ( ! au?or1 & cries out t ?is /ate ( ! au?or's m9d 7:i* he has p]suad$ himself is t ( a mad tom-cat7 is well kn[n to sci5ce1 & is call$ sadism4 ,!n1 ) a regret at hav+ to t\* ^u subjects 9 ord] to make 8 read]s und]/& ,wagn]'s real m5tal condition1 he gives a disgu/+ example ( a maniac ^: erotic madness has br\ght him bel[ ! level ( ! brute4 ,?is is a fair sample ( ,nordau's logic4 ,= ! sake ( cle>ness1 we recapitulate ! logical t\r de =ce he has be5 compell$ to ex]cise 9 ord] to arrive at su* an absurdity3 ,wagn]1 l all poets & dramati/s be=e him1 creates a love sc5e4 ,love is an erotic emotion4 ,eroticism is a disease ( ! m9d4 ,tom-cats are erotically influ5c$4 ,! *>act]s on ! /age rem9d ,nordau ( tom-cats4 ,! obsession ( a 8tom-cat 9 convulsions ov] a root ( val]ian0 sugge/s a rav+ madman4 ,consequ5tly ,wagn] is mad4 ,su* is ! use a sci5ti/ is tempt$ to make ( 8 sci5ce :5 he ?r[s self-criticism ov]bo>d4 ,:5 ,nordau says ( ,wagn] t he has be5 all 8 life an erotic1 he is fair en\gh to add 9 p>5!ses1 89 a psy*iatric s5se40 ,b ?is is n en\gh4 ,! ^w 8psy*iatric0 is a /rictly sci5tific ^w1 n to be f\nd 9 any ord9>y ,engli% diction>y2 & ! ord9>y read] might easily conclude t1 in/ead ( remov+ ,wagn]'s eroticism into ! deep recesses ( 8 s\l1 x might h be5 us$ by ! au?or1 z s _m sci5tific words h be5 us$1 9 ord] to aggravate 8 *>ge4 ,9 ord] to ju/ify 8 op9ion ) reg>d to ,wagn]'s erotic madness1 he says3 8,! mo/ ord9>y incitem5ts1 ev5 ^? f>!/ remov$ f ! prov9ce ( sexual in/9cts1 nev] fail to awak5 9 8 consci\sness voluptu\s images ( an erotic "*40 ,:y 8sexual in/9cts08 ,:y n love-in/9cts1 an expression :i* _h s mu* bett] fitt$ 9 ) ! sc5es ,wagn] repres5ts8 ,b1 z x suits ,nordau's purpose to keep 8 read]'s m9d ^u love 9 its l[e/1 mo/ animal =m1 we %all let x pass4 ,we mu/ h[ev] express our a/oni%m5t at ! example he gives 9 ord] to %[ h[ incitem5ts1 8f> remov$ f ! prov9ce ( sexual in/9cts10 caus$ ,wagn]'s m9d to rev]t to voluptu\s images4 ,! 8f>!/ remov$ incitem5ts0 :i* ,nordau quotes is ! description by ,wagn] ( a ballet--a pas de trois--evid5tly int5d$ to repres5t ! bl5d+ ( ! beautiful ) love1 to give ,wagn]'s own words1 8love & life1 ! joy & woo+ ( art40 ,:at on e>?1 !n1 w\ld m ar\se su* eroticism t might be f\nd 9 a man ?an a ballet repres5t+ love & life8 ,& ?is especially :5 we consid] ! mod]n fre$om ) reg>d to ! co/ume ( ballet girls4 ,9 ord] to %[ :at ,nordau consid]s to be ! outcome ( erotic madness 9 ,wagn]'s *oregraphic repres5tation ( love1 life1 & art1 we give 9 ext5so ! passage f ,art-,"w ( ! ,future1 to :i* he ref]s3 8,9 ! contemplation ( ?is ravi%+ dance ( ! mo/ g5u9e & noble/ muses ( ! arti/ic man1 we n[ see ! ?ree arm 9 arm lov+ly entw9$ up to _! necks1 !n ?is1 !n t "o1 deta*+ h]self f ! entw9em5t1 z if to display to ! o!rs h] beautiful =m 9 complete sep>ation1 t\*+ ! h&s ( ! o!rs only ) ! extreme tips ( h] f+]s2 n[ ! "o1 entw9$ by a backw>d glance at ! tw9 =ms ( h] closely entw9$ si/]s1 b5d+ t[>ds !m2 !n two1 c>ri$ away by ! allurem5ts ( ! "o1 greet+ h] 9 homage2 f9ally all1 9 close embrace1 brea/ to brea/1 limb to limb1 9 an ard5t kiss ( love1 coalesc+ 9 "o blissfully liv+ %ape4 ,?is is ! love & life1 ! joy & woo+ ( art10 etc4 ,:5 ,nordau wi%es to traduce ! love sc5es 9 ,wagn]'s op]as into argum5ts ( ! musician's erotic madness1 he =gets _m ?+s4 ,he =gets :at he himself has giv5 z a te/ ( a s\nd m9d1 namely1 ! ability to look aft] "o's own bus9ess4 ,ev5 if ,wagn] _h produc$ sc5es on 8 /age ( an utt]ly corrupt "* 9 ord] to ga9 money & popul>ity1 he hav+ succe$$ completely 9 su* objects c\ld n possibly be call$ mad by a critic :o has made mat]ial success 9 life a te/ = s\nd-m9d$ness1 & :o decl>es ! belief 9 p]sonal responsibility rea*+ beyond ! grave to be a sign ( madness4 ,b he also =gets1 :at is m important1 t !re is no l9e ( dem>cation drawn to indicate h[ f> ! repres5tation ( human passions may be c>ri$ on ! /age4 ,ev5 ,nordau does n seem to h discov]$ an au?ority on ?is subject4 ,he himself w n s]ve z an au?ority1 because he has %[n himself too apt to fall into ! error ( newspap] critics1 t ( judg+ a "w or a piece1 n accord+ to its m]its1 b accord+ to ! au?or :o has produc$ x4 ,he w\ld praise 9 ,goe! :at he w\ld condemn 9 ,wagn]4 ,if we 7 to indiscrim9ately ask p h[ f> we may g 9 repres5t+ human passion on ! /age1 we %\ld get a mass ( replies all diff]+ accord+ to ! bias ( ! respond5ts4 ,! ,ultramontane abb1 ! zeal\s ,me?odi/1 w\ld diff] enorm\sly f ! ,bohemian arti/2 ! prudi% old maid w\ld diff] f ! poet4 ,nay1 ev5 two arti/s1 bo? pa9t]s ( ! nude1 or two ballet girls appe>+ 9 ! same co/ume1 might hold almo/ opposite op9ions on ?is subject4 ,h[ !n %all we judge8 ,by leav+ out ( c\rt all ! extremi/s--^? :o object to !atres1 ballets1 & nature 9 art--z well z ^? :o w\ld clam\r = indec5t & obsc5e repres5tations1 we might consid]ably n>r[ ! gr\nd = inquiry1 & elicit c]ta9 rules likely to meet ! suffrage ( ! majority )9 ^! limits4 ,x might be argu$ t emotions1 play+ by f> ! mo/ important rle 9 ! human drama1 & ly+ z !y d at ! root ( all our actions1 educational ag5cies1 & amusem5ts1 ought to be appeal$ to by ! arts4 ,also t art1 9 af=d+ u opportunities ( giv+ expression to our emotions1 elevates & ennobles our lives3 consequ5tly1 t ! passive1 objective contemplation ( human emotions :i* ! /age af=ds u helps u to /udy our own emotions & to br+ !m into h>mony ) our noble/ aspirations1 our future happ9ess1 our judgm5t1 & our w4 ,9 ord] to accompli% _! mission1 su* repres5tations %\ld be z true to life z possible1 :e!r !y be beautiful or n4 ,on ?is plea1 x w\ld be legitimate to repres5t on ! /age erotic emotions 9 ! full /r5g? 9 :i* we meet ) !m 9 reality among s\nd-m9d$ p4 ,a good deal ( exagg]ation may be p]mitt$ to ! actor z he is "u ! difficulty ( hav+ to convey by actions1 ge/ures1 or facial expression a di/9ct repres5tation ( emotions :i* may rage 9 ! consci\sness ( a human be+ )\t betray+ !mselves 9 physical signs4 ,f ?is x mu/ be conclud$ t ! purity ( ! /age dep5ds m on :at is act$ ?an h[ x is act$4 ,! au?or :o does n wi% to desecrate ! drama is !re=e b\nd to repres5t emotions :i* are ! outcome ( natural life1 & act$ ^u by incid5ts su* z we see ar\nd u & to avoid ! repres5tation (1 ev5 if he _c avoid ! ref]5ce to1 emotions :i* spr+ f a diseas$ m9d or a morbid moral /ate4 ,love1 be+ an emotion to :i* e s\nd-m9d$ be+ may be subject1 !re w\ld be no objection to repres5t x 9 ! mo/ int5se mann] on ! /age s long z we und]/& "u ! "n ( love t /rong degree ( affection :i* sometimes p ( ! opposite sex may conceive = ea* o!r ap>t f sexual emotions4 ,:at makes ,nordau's reason+ plausible is t he does n admit t ?is k9d ( love exi/s4 ,he di/+ui%es only two degrees1 or two categories1 ( love1 comrade%ip or fri5d%ip on ! "o h&1 & ! animal in/9ct on ! o!r4 ,b no "o :o has gone ?r\gh life ) op5 eyes c possibly d5y ! reality ( :at we "h1 = want ( a bett] expression1 w\ld call pure love4 ,ev]y:]e we meet ) manife/ations ( x4 ,ev5 "y *ildr51 :o might h no idea ( sexual emotion1 (t5 love ea* o!r ) a g5u9e passion :i* sometimes la/s ?r\gh life4 ,adults may be s absorb$ 9 love = ea* o!r z to pref] dea? to sep>ation1 & yet nev] exp]i5ce any sexual emotion 9 ea* o!r's company4 ,m5 & wom5 lov]s :o h be5 sep>at$ h wa/$ away f %e] love ( ea* o!r1 & yet be5 rem>kably *a/e 9 "*4 ,9 ! ,engli%-speak+ c\ntries1 :]e ! relations betwe5 ! sexes are free & natural1 we f9d any numb] ( pro(s ( ! reality ( pure love4 ,^? cases alone :i* h end$ tragically1 & !re=e come be=e ! public1 m ?an suffice to prove x4 ,ev5 9 c\ntries l ,france1 = example1 :]e ! sexual in/9cts are apt to become morbid f ! "o-sid$ education ( ! "y1 x is n difficult to f9d examples ( pure love4 ,x is ev5 to be f\nd :]e lea/ expect$1 z1 = in/ance1 betwe5 a lic5ti\s man & a fall5 woman4 ,x is true t :5 pure love runs its usual c\rse x gets1 s to say1 inflam$ by animal passion1 b ?is is g5]ally ! case only z a result ( ! demon/rations by :i* pure love tries to manife/ itself4 ,x may also be true t !re exi/s a my/]i\s1 t is to say a s f> unexpla9$1 connection betwe5 ! pure/ love & sexual in/9ct ev5 9 lov+ c\ples to :om sexuality may be an abom9ation4 ,b all ?is does n disprove t1 speak+ f a practical & e?ical po9t ( view1 !re is su* an emotion z pure love1 & t ?is emotion is a p[]ful motor 9 ! human drama4 ,if x !n be a fact t ?is ye>n+ to love & to be lov$ ) a pure love exi/s1 & ought to exi/1 9 rational human be+s1 & t 9 runn+ its natural c\rse x w manife/ itself 9 demon/rations extremely likely to r\se animal passions1 ! "q arises h[ f> a love sc5e on ! /age may display ^? demon/rations :i*1 :ile !y are ! only possible means ( express+ pure love1 at ! same "t sugge/ sexual emotions4 ,"h !n is ! po9t :]e ! diff]5ce w arise1 & :]e we may well be c>eful ^: decision we accept4 ,c we d bett] ?an ,wagn] did--leave ! audi5ce to decide8 ,wagn]'s ,g]man audi5ces1 describ$ by ,nordau z includ+ wives & daught]s1 h1 to 8 great bewild]m5t1 giv5 ! v]dict 9 fav\r ( ,wagn]'s mo/ passionate sc5es4 8,h[ unp]v]t$10 ,nordau cries out1 8mu/ wives & maid5s be1 :5 !y are 9 a /ate ( m9d to witness ^! pieces )\t blu%+ crimson1 & s9k+ to ! e>? = %ame60 ,no4 ,!y h n blu%$ 9 foll[+ calmly & s]5ely ! objective repres5tations ( passions :i* by nature h be5 implant$ 9 e brea/4 ,! v vehem5ce1 ! v naturalness ( ! sc5es inspire t awe & rev]5ce :i* great natural =ces always d1 & ! "y girl 9 ! audi5ce does n = a mom5t rev]t to any impure repres5tations or animal prompt+s :i* might h come )9 h] exp]i5ce1 because %e is /hetically & n sexually excit$4 ,b if ,nordau c\ld wat* h] :5 %e reads ! above quot$ passage 9 8 book1 he w\ld see h] blu% deeply1 n at ! memory ( ,wagn]'s sc5es1 b at ! feel+ ( hav+ ! fir/ se$ ( deg5]ation s[n 9 h] he>t4 ,among ! phrases us$ by ,nordau 9 ord] to inculcate 8 read]s ) ! idea t ,wagn]1 in/ead ( be+ ! v ess5ce ( an arti/1 "o ( ! greate/ practically creative g5iuses ( ! _w1 is a m]e erotic maniac1 is ?is "o--8all 8 ideas revolve ab\t woman40 ,:ile ?is phrase may lead ! unw>y read] a/ray1 x ?r[s a vivid light on ! ext5t to :i* ,nordau's op9ion ) reg>d to ! relation ( ! sexes has be5 influ5c$ by 8 cont95tal bias4 ,?is ought to be made cle> to 8 read]s4 ,su* expressions1 if ( any use at all 9 ,nordau's reason+1 pre-suppose t x is q an unusual ?+ = ! ideas ( poets1 dramati/s1 & writ]s ( fiction to revolve ab\t woman4 ,= our ali5i/ does n ref] to ,wagn]'s private life4 ,he is speak+ only ( ,wagn] ! au?or4 ,! actual fact1 ( c\rse1 is t love & wom5 h f times immemorial be5 ! subject ( leg5ds1 fairy tales1 tr\bad\r songs1 poems1 romances1 novels1 & dramas4 ,?us1 accord+ to ! gospel ( our ali5i/1 all ! pa/ & pres5t poetical au?ors ( ! _w mu/ h be51 & are1 8subject to erotic madness10 l ,wagn]4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 m5 :o1 l ,fau/1 devote _! lives to intellectual pursuits & exp5d all _! en]gy 9 =c+ nature to yield up h] secrets4 ,b su* m5 are n only exceptions--!y may be look$ ^u z deg5]ates4 ,?is is :at ,fau/ at la/ discov]$4 ,he recognis$ t life 0 ess5tially emotional1 & t by hav+ cru%$ out 8 emotional nature he _h fail$ to live 8 life4 ,:e!r ,goe! int5d$ to imp>t ! lesson 8 ,fau/ tea*es u may be d\btful1 b we c ?us read x3 we may suppress our emotional nature = a long "t1 b x w "o day claim its rights1 &1 9 its explosive escape f unnatural bondage1 av5ge itself on ! suppressor1 & hurl him to p]dition4 ,! emotions1 ,fau/ regrets1 are all ^? inspir$ by wom54 ,b ! great majority ( m5 d n suppress ! emotions inspir$ by wom51 b1 on ! contr>y1 all[ _! :ole lives to be influ5c$ by !m4 ,to f9d confirmation ( ?is fact 9 c\ntries l ,france & ,g]many might n be s easy z 9 ! ,engli%-speak+ c\ntries4 ,:]ev] ! sexes are sep>at$ 9 y\?1 & :]e conv5tional m>riages are ! rule1 ! erotic impulses become ov]-/imulat$ & lead to ! excitem5t ( animal passion4 ,! love ( ! beautiful1 all ! /hetic aspirations1 ! ye>n+ = ! society ( wom51 ! love ( excitem5t1 ! *ivalr\s lean+s1 & ! crav+ = pure love--all ^! are ?r[n z s mu* fuel into ! furnace ( sexual love4 ,x is !n t ! /ruggle arises betwe5 ! t]rible demoniac love & pure love--a /ruggle s frequ5tly depict$ 9 ,wagn]'s op]as & :i* det]m9es ! lives ( s _m m5 on ! cont95t4 ,"p ( ! /ruggle ( ! cont95tal man is to avoid ! influ5ce ( wom5 altoge!r1 or else to look ^u !m aft] ! mann] ( ! ,mahomm$ans4 ,9 c\ntries !re=e :]e pure love is left b little or no scope1 ! influ5ce ( wom5 is n v m>k$1 & c]ta9ly n ackn[l$g$1 because = a man to ackn[l$ge x w\ld be to av[ himself an 8erotic madman40 ,to und]/& ! imm5se influ5ce :i* a woman ex]cises ov] man's de/9y & h[ closely m5's m9ds 8revolve ab\t wom510 we mu/ /udy ! ,engli%-speak+ c\ntries :]e pure love has1 if n free scope1 fre] scope ?an any:]e else1 & :]e few heal?y-m9d$ m5 are a%am$ to av[ ! value !y place ^u woman1 h] love1 & h] influ5ce4 ,despite ! fact t ,engli%m5 d n display t[>ds wom5 ( all classes t engag+ polit5ess :i* fav\rably di/+ui%es ,fr5*m51 a /rang] :o visits ,engl& _c fail soon to p]ceive 9 :at high e/imation woman is held4 ,h] "n is seldom tak5 9 va94 ,!re is no trace ( t gross satire ^u wom5 :i* s (t5 disfigures cont95tal pr9ts2 %e may be repres5t$ z %>p1 worldly1 extravagant1 b r>ely z immoral1 unfai?ful1 or ugly4 ,"s ( ! l[]-class pap]s are /rongly influ5c$ by ,fr5* views1 b !y nev] indulge 9 adaptations )\t "s modification1 & su* pap]s z h be5 />t$ 9 ord] to emulate ! fa/ j\rnals ( ,p>is h always be5 extremely %ort-liv$4 ,! same respect = wom5 is manife/ 9 fiction z well z on ! /age4 ,"h aga9 9 consequ5ce ( ,fr5* influ5ce we meet ) wom5 :o h s9n$1 & wom5 ) a pa/1 b !y nev] play su* degrad$ p>ts z !y (t5 d 9 ,fr5* novels & plays4 ,ladies are all[$ an ext5sive lib]ty1 & !y are r>ely insult$2 & obta91 ev5 "u try+ circum/ances1 a respectful treatm5t at ! h&s ( ! l[e/ class ( lab\r]s4 ,we h un=tunately among/ u ruffians :o beat _! wives1 b 9 n9ety-n9e cases out ( a hundr$ ^! are drunk5 & debau*$ human failures4 ,! av]age work+ man treats 8 wife & 8 daught] ) z mu* consid]ation z a nobleman c\ld 81 & _! home is kept morally pure & z com=table = ! wom5 z 8 res\rces all[4 ,he is n a%am$ to c>ry p>cels1 burd5s1 ! *ildr51 or to p]ambulate ! baby 9 public places 9 ord] to sp>e 8 wife ! tr\ble4 ,! m5 mo/ reluctantly suspect a woman ( immorality1 & g5]ally n until !re seems a /rong case aga9/ h]4 ,indec5t words & allusions are entirely exclud$ 9 ! pres5ce ( ladies1 & if a woman 9 h] innoc5ce inadv]t5tly makes a risky rem>k1 x passes unhe$$ & )\t produc+ a smile4 ,! av]age ,engli%man's life br+s him into con/ant contact ) wom51 & he is p]fectly aw>e t he owes to !m mu* t is bright & happy 9 8 exi/5ce4 ,already z a *ild he is ! tru/$ protector ( 8 si/]s1 & (t5 ! cavali] ( _! fri5ds4 ,e>ly 9 life he loves "s "y woman1 & 8 long c\rt%ip is to him a happy "t4 ,:5 he works h>d1 :5 he risks 8 life on ! sea or 9 dang]\s climes1 x is g5]ally ) a view to m>ry+ ! girl he loves4 ,:5 he is m>ri$1 he wi%es to succe$ t he may ga9 8 wife's approval1 beautify h] home1 & make h] life happy2 :ile at ! same "t he nev] rema9s ins5sible to ! admiration ( o!r wom54 ,:ile 8 wife is yet "y1 8 daught]s gr[ up & become important features 9 8 life & 8 happ9ess4 ,x may !re=e be said ( ! m5 ( ! ,engli%-speak+ c\ntries t _! 8ideas revolve ab\t wom510 & x w be difficult to p]suade u ,engli%m5 t respect1 admiration1 & love = wom5 are ! signs ( a deg5]ate m9d4 ,col]idge well expresses ! ,engli% feel+--a feel+ :i*1 "u circum/ances simil> to ^? prevail+ 9 ,engl&1 w\ld be univ]sal3 8,all ?\ghts1 all passions1 all delights1 ,:atev] /irs ?is mortal frame1 ,all are b m9i/]s ( ,love1 ,& fe$ 8 sacr$ flame40 ,wagn]'s music1 :i* may be said to h be5 ! delight ( millions ( p1 is n approv$ ( by ,nordau4 ,he condemns x on ! usual gr\nd t x is novel1 & t x diff]s f ! /&>ds accept$ be=e ,wagn]4 ,accord+ to him1 x is ! music ( an uns\nd m9d1 because x conta9s no di/9ct ideas 9 ! %ape ( melodies4 ,he objects to ! ,leit-motiv & to ! un5d+ melody1 b x is difficult to h>monize :at he says aga9/ ! "o ) :at he says aga9/ ! o!r4 ,speak+ ( ! ,leit-motiv1 he says3 8,to express ideas is n ! function ( music4 ,language provides = t z completely z c\ld be desir$4 ,:5 ! ^w is accompani$ by song or or*e/ra1 x is n to make x m def9ite1 b to re9=ce x by ! int]v5tion ( emotion4 ,music is a k9d ( s\nd+-bo>d 9 :i* ! ^w has to awake some?+ l an e*o f ! inf9ite40 ,lat] on he says ab\t melody3 8,x is a regul> gr\p+ ( notes 9 a highly expressive s]ies ( tones4 ,melody 9 music corresponds to :at 9 language is a logically con/ruct$ s5t5ce di/9ctly pres5t+ an idea1 & hav+ a cle>ly m>k$ beg9n+ & end+40 ,music be+ an art :i* exclusively appeals to emotion1 x is n surpris+ t any attempt to measure its value by a reason+ process %\ld result 9 utt] failure4 ,b ?is is no excuse = an au?or to contradict himself s flatly z ,nordau does 9 ! above passages4 ,to say on "o page t 8to express ideas is n ! function ( music10 & on ano!r page to say t melody is indisp5sable to music1 because x 8corresponds to a logically con/ruct$ s5t5ce di/9ctly pres5t+ an idea40 ,aga9 he says3 8,melody may be said to be an ef=t to say some?+ def9ite10 & h[ c ?is h>monize ) ! o!r mission ( music3 8to awake some?+ l an e*o f ! inf9ite40 ,! latt] expression is n only a true def9ition ( ! mission ( music1 b also an exact description ( ! aim ( ,wagn]'s music4 ,nordau feels t 8 sci5tific reason+ ab\t music w affect no "o :o has he>d ! music ( ,wagn]1 & t ^? :o admire x w be sl[ to believe t an uns\nd m9d c\ld h accompli%$ su* complicat$1 intricate1 & complete "w4 ,to prep>e 8 read]'s m9d = 8 ra% conclusion1 he once m goes to ! lunatic asylum = 8 argum5ts1 9 ord] to %[ t a man may be a lunatic & yet be a good musician4 ,b "h aga9 he is /rangely bl9d to ! fact t su* argum5ts tell directly aga9/ 8 !ory4 ,he cites cases ( lunatics :o 8improvis$ on ! piano10 :o 8sang v beautiful airs & at ! same "t improvis$ two diff]5t !mes on ! piano444 :o compos$ v beautiful1 new1 & melodi\s tunes40 ,! rem>kable ?+ ab\t ! music ( 8 maniacs is t x is tuny & melodi\s1 & consequ5tly ! only rational music1 accord+ to ,nordau1 :ile ,wagn]'s music is condemn$ by him1 & ,wagn] himself is held up z a lunatic because 8 music is n l t ( ackn[l$g$ lunatics6 ,x /&s to reason t a weak m9d c\ld foll[ & repeat a /yle ( music :i* x has he>d = ye>s1 b t x requires a /rong & s\nd m9d to break a new road 9 ! doma9 ( music ) ! full approval ( millions ( musical p4 ,nordau also feels ! necessity ( back+ up 8 op9ion by au?orities4 ,he sees a conclusive pro( ( ,wagn]'s inf]iority 9 ! criticism ( pr(essional musicians & compos]s4 ,he might z well =m 8 op9ion ( an actress on ! criticism ( h] by h] mo/ dang]\s rival4 ,x seems t ,hill] & ,s*umann w\ld n ackn[l$ge ,wagn]'s musical end[m5t1 b attribut$ 8 success to ! libretti writt5 by himself4 ,reg>d+ ?is ,nordau exclaims3 8,! same old /ory3 musicians reg>d him z a poet1 & poets z a musician40 ,?is means t our ali5i/ is1 or pret5ds to be1 s utt]ly innoc5t ( hum\r & satire z to accept ?is v common way ( m9imiz+ ! tal5t ( a rival z a tru/wor?y judgm5t4 ,x is ! commone/ ?+ 9 ! _w = a man to d5y 8 rival's tal5t 9 8 own specialty1 & !n1 9 ord] to /r5g!n ! effect ( 8 op9ion & to give x ! col\r ( imp>tiality1 to ackn[l$ge 9 him tal5ts outside t specialty4 ,practical m51 :5 !y he> "o musician run d[n ano!r musician1 g5]ally conclude t ! latt] has a dang]\s tal5t4 ,voltaire1 9 speak+ ( a writ] none ( ^: works 7 9 exi/5ce1 said t he mu/ h be5 a man ( g5ius judg+ f ! savage attacks made ^u him by ano!r writ]4 ,hill] & ,s*umann are ! only au?orities :om ,nordau c po9t to 9 support ( 8 views1 & he himself raises "s d\bts :e!r _! dislike ( ,wagn]'s music 0 n due to ! difficulty ( imm$iately appreciat+ a t5d5cy s novel z ,wagn]'s4 ,our ali5i/ is only able to add t ,rub9/e9 c only make "s important res]vations1 & t x 0 "s "t be=e ,hanslick /ruck 8 col\rs4 ,9 view1 !n1 ( ! enorm\s lit]ature t has gr[n up ar\nd ,wagn] & ,wagn]ism1 ,nordau's habit ( ref]r+ to au?orities 9 ?is in/ance simply has ! effect ( %[+ t he /&s unsupport$ 9 8 op9ion by all musical au?orities4 ,x is irresi/ibly comic to notice h[ ,nordau regrets t ! bro*ure--,d] ,fall ,wagn]--9 :i* ,nietzs*e attacks ,wagn]1 is q z 8insanely deliri\s0 z ano!r bro*ure writt5 by ! same writ] twelve ye>s be=e 9 deification ( ,wagn]4 ,_h x n be5 = ?is awkw>d circum/ance1 ,nordau1 x seems1 w\ld h be5 only too glad to exalt ,nietzs*e--! man :om 9 ano!r "p ( 8 "w he /r5u\sly endeav\rs to prove an imbecile--to ! rank ( an au?ority4 ,8 amaz+ lack ( logic prev5ts him f see+ t a c]tificate ( lunacy issu$ by a lunatic is really a c]tificate ( sanity1 9 virtue ( ! logical axiom t two negatives are equal to "o affirmative4 ,su* faults & defects z may be f\nd 9 ,wagn]'s prose writ+s h little importance 9 relation--& are almo/ irrelevant--to ! "q ( 8 suppos$ deg5]acy4 ,he _h to deal ) subjects :i*1 ?\gh int5sely real to our emotional nature1 c only be treat$ inadequately 9 words4 ,:atev] we may ?9k ( ,wagn]'s /yle1 !re c be little d\bt t he has succe$$ 9 mak+ himself und]/ood by a great numb] ( p ^: emotional nature sympa?izes ) t ( ,wagn]1 & :om ev5 ,nordau w\ld n und]take to prove to be m5tally d]ang$ or morally deg5]ate4 ,wagn]'s writ+s h ! defect1 v g5]al among ,g]man writ]s1 & conspicu\s 9 ,nordau1 ( be+ v]bose4 ,!y all make u crave = 8,d] lang5 ,r$e1 kurz5 ,s9n40 ,! fundam5tal idea 9 ,wagn]'s great "w--,! ,art-,"w ( ! ,future--is t ! arts %\ld co-op]ate1 & t ea* individual art %\ld atta9 to its p]fection 9 conjunction ) o!r arts4 ,nordau 9 no way disproves ! s\ndness ( ?is view by say+ t 8,goe!'s lyric poetry & ! ,div9a ,comm$ia0 ne$ no l&scape pa9t+1 t 8,mi*ael ,angelo's #8,moses' w\ld h>dly produce a deep] impression surr\nd$ by danc]s & s+]s10 & t 8! #8,pa/oral ,symphony' does n require a complem5t ( words 9 ord] to ex]cise its full *>m40 ,) t logic peculi> to ,nordau1 he quotes a passage f ,s*op5hau] 9 :i* ?is ?9k] mildly deprecates su* co-ord9ation ( ! arts z 0 to be f\nd 9 ! op]as ( 8 "t1 & our ali5i/ wi%es u to accept ?is z a pro( ( insanity 9 ,wagn]'s admiration = ! op]a4 ,he =gets ! important fact t ,wagn]'s greatness is prov$ by ! way 9 :i* he has succe$$ 9 oblit]at+ at lea/ ! wor/ defects ( ! op]a z x exi/$ be=e him1 & t he has r5d]$ x a complete & h>moni\s expression ( comb9$ & elevat$ arts4 ,! quot$ passage f ,s*op5hau] c\ld be no condemnation ( ,wagn]'s op]as z x 0 writt5 be=e !y saw ! light4 ,9 ! op]as1 z !y us$ to be1 !re 0 mu* t t5d$ to di/urb ! imag9ation & ev5 to ar\se laught]4 ,! mo/ exasp]at+ incongruities 7 indulg$ 94 ,an excit+ hunt+ *orus w\ld be play$ & sung :ile two r[s ( lady sup]s w\ld walk 9 f ea* side ( ! w+s 9 ,indian file1 ea* be>+ z a hunt+ implem5t a y>d-long piece ( wood surm\nt$ by a piece ( t94 ,! impossible dresses1 ! demure demean\r1 ! solemn faces1 ! absurd lances--c>ri$ l c&les 9 a nuns' procession--all ?is cla%$ s t]ribly ) ! music & ! !me z to sugge/ a burlesque4 ,a b& ( conspirators afraid ( be+ detect$1 yet %\t+ at ! top ( _! voices "s compromis+ *orus2 a man ) a deadly w\nd ris+ to 8 feet & s++ a lively & complicat$ aria2 a mess5g] 9 ! hotte/ ha/e deliv]+ a message 9 a sl[ & long-drawn recitative2 an int5sely mod]n consumptive lady dy+ amid anci5t surr\nd+s1 trill+ 9 h] la/ gasps musical complexities1 dur+ a qu>t] ( an h\r1 ) a m>vell\sly /rong & heal?y voice--su*1 & _m o!r absurdities1 disfigur$ ! op]a be=e ,wagn] & ,g\nod1 & well des]v$ ! condemnation ( ,s*op5hau]4 ,wagn]'s ass]tion t ! natural evolution ( ea* art leads to ! surr5d] ( its indep5d5ce & to its fusion ) o!r arts is look$ ^u by ,nordau z deliri\s4 ,to prove ?is he falls back on biology1 & po9ts out t nature develops f ! simple to ! complex1 t orig9ally simil> p>ts develop into sep>ate organs ( diff]5t /ructure & indep5d5t functions4 ,:y on e>? %\ld !re necess>ily be an analogy betwe5 ! gr[? ( plants & animals1 & betwe5 ! developm5t ( ! arts8 ,any o!r writ] :o _h be5 un=tunate en\gh to indulge 9 su* pr(\nd my/icism w\ld c]ta9ly h be5 condemn$ by ,nordau to ! lunatic asylum4 ,ev5 if we admit ! analogy z p]missible1 he ga9s v little by x3 = :5 he speaks ( nature z always proce$+ f ! simple to ! complex he describes exactly ! developm5t ( ! arts into ! op]a--music1 poetry1 & danc+ repres5t+ ea* ! simple1 & ! op]a repres5t+ ! complex4 ,:at w\ld ,nordau ?9k ( a mad doctor :o bas$ 8 v]dict ( insanity on su* reason+8 ,! att5tive /ud5t ( ,nordau's impea*m5t ( ,wagn] _c fail to see t1 despite all 8 ef=ts to br& him z a deg5]ate1 he has only succe$$ 9 ?r[+ ! gr& p[] ( t g5ius into bold] relief4 ,in/ead ( induc+ u to look ^u ,wagn] z a sign ( deg5]ation1 he has impress$ u ) ! fact t ,wagn]'s "w con/itutes an awak5+ f ! slumb] 9 :i* ,phili/9ism & conv5tionalism h s long enwrapp$ humanity1 & op5$ a new vi/a = ! ennobl+ mission ( ! arts4 ,:ile we mu/ reject ,nordau's cl++ to t p$antry & conv5tionalism :i* limit ! mission ( ! arts to ! production ( isolat$ pictures = public gall]ies & ! salons ( mod]n ,mc5ases1 /atues = public places1 & compositions ( ,kamm]-musik = draw+-rooms1 we at ! same "t d n believe t ! op]a1 ev5 z reg5]at$ by ! g5ius ( a ,wagn]1 is ! highe/ expression ( ! arts4 ,!re w come a day :5 ! illusions ( ! /age w be realities1 :5 we %all disp5se ) ! du/y sc5]ies1 ! g>i% footlights1 ! pa9t$ faces1 ! prudi% trapp+s1 :i* g to make up ! mirage :i* h]alds an ideal future4 ,! arts1 in/ead ( be+ relegat$ to ! nurs]y 9 ord] to make room = sci5ce1 z ,nordau prophesies1 w become its aim4 ,:5 sci5ce has giv5 u heal?1 /r5g?1 & beauty1 an ext5d$ p[] ov] nature's =ces1 :5 x has solv$ ! t]rible social problem on ! basis ( lib]ty & progress1 !n w sci5ce be ! h&maid5 ( ! arts4 ,!n w ! answ] be grant$ to ! poet's pray]3 8,oh6 = a muse ( fire t %all asc5d ,! highe/ heav5 ( inv5tion2 ,a k+dom = a /age2 pr9ces to act2 ,& mon>*s to behold ! swell+ sc5e60 ,! arts1 aft] hav+ demon/rat$ 9 ! op]a _! solid>ity & _! indep5d5ce1 w leave t artificial %elt] & take up _! abode 9 our homes & 9 our civic build+s1 9 our /reets1 & 9 our public places1 9 our ar5as & 9 our temples4 ,a new r5aissance lies ahead ( u1 & we are all /ruggl+ to rea* x4 ,! man :o ?9ks & writes1 ! arti/ :o pa9ts or composes1 ! peasant at ! pl\gh1 ! m9] 9 ! b[els ( ! e>?1 all are contribut+ to fur!r ! adv5t ( a new era :5 ! life1 ! "w1 ! pleasure1 & ! wor%ip ( a reg5]ate race %all be exalt$ by ! arts1 & pres5t a realization ( :at ,wagn] dream$ :ile he creat$4 ,,*apt] ,,ix ,,! ,,religion ,,( ,,self ,! t]m egomania is a welcome pres5t f ! sci5ti/s1 :i* enri*es our language ) a v]bal repres5tation ( a psy*ological condition :i* is c]ta9ly *>act]i/ic ( our "t4 ,we tru/ t ,nordau's diagnosis ( ! disease w be c>efully /udi$ by its victims1 especially by ^? :o are 9 ! /age :]e x appe>s z egoism1 self-suffici5cy1 indiff]5ce to o!rs1 to society1 to ! ,/ate1 & z t fa%ionable & sup]ior pessimism :i* despairs ( self z an excuse = despair+ ( o!rs4 ,=1 ?\gh ,nordau goes v m9utely into ! psy*ological aspect ( egomania )\t indicat+ its orig9 or ! rem$ies aga9/ x1 he evid5tly does n reject ! !ory1 :i* seems con/antly to be confirm$ by actualities1 t m5tal diseases may be fo/]$ & aggravat$ bo? by ^? :o suff] f !m1 z well z by surr\nd+ circum/ances4 ,putt+ 8 op9ion z a psy*ologi/ toge!r ) t ( o!rs1 we seem au?oriz$ to hope t :5 our egoti/ical pessimi/s h le>n$ t ! ari/ocratic *>act]i/ic on :i* !y pride !mselves is ! beg9n+ ( a m5tal disease1 !y w fly to su* rem$ies z may be f\nd 9 ! /udy ( useful sci5ce & heal?y "w4 ,su* au?ors z ,?ophile ,gauti]1 ,baudelaire1 ,roll9at1 & o!rs attract especially ,nordau's att5tion2 b he deals ) !m 9 ord] to %[ t !y individually _h deg5]at$ into egomaniacs1 & he does n once try to realize ! relation betwe5 _! s-call$ deg5]acy & ! g5]al t5d5cies ( our "t4 ,_h he done s1 he might h felt incl9$ to be less h>d on ^! expon5ts ( f9 de sicle corruption4 ,speak+ ( ! h9ts :i* ?is s*ool ( poets & writ]s sometimes ?r[s out t !y are n q s]i\s1 ,nordau comes v ne> to discov]+ _! significance :5 he says ab\t ,baudelaire t p]haps 8he s\ght to make himself believe t1 ) 8 ,satanism1 he 0 laugh+ at ! ,phili/9es40 ,b ,nordau does n foll[ up ! cue he has ?us accid5tally dropp$ ^u1 b adds a s5t5ce reveal+ ! "o-sid$ness ( 8 inquiry1 :5 he says3 8b su* a t>dy palliation does n deceive ! psy*ologi/1 & x is ( no importance = 8 judgm5t40 ,t may be s4 ,b x is ( ! utmo/ importance to humanity4 ,t ! yield+ to ! prompt+s ( 8unconsci\sness10 to ! dictates ( in/9cts bad or good1 0 on ! "p ( ! s-call$ ,p>nassians an exp]im5tal plunge 9 ! d>k--a *all5ge to ^? :o pret5d$ to "k bett] to %[ !m t !y 7 wrong--_c be d5i$ by any "o :o has read _! writ+s ) "s k ( ! ,fr5* "*4 ,^! m5 took up lit]ature at a "t :5 ! _w began to p]ceive t sci5ce c\ld n satisfy its emotional aspirations1 t x c\ld n expla9 ! my/]ies ( ! ,univ]se1 or br+ ab\t t balance betwe5 our emotional & intellectual natures on :i* a heal?y life dep5ds4 ,b ?is 0 n ! only disillusion :i* humanity exp]i5c$ at t "t4 ,all ! hopes :i* ! altrui/ic feel+ _h prompt$ u to base on democratic gov]nm5ts & sci5tific political economy _h vani%$4 ,:5 ! ,utopias ( ! economi/s turn$ out to be a fata morgana1 in/ead ( ! solid ladd] lead+ up to ! mat]ial heav5 promis$ by ! religion ( humanity ( ! sci5ti/s1 a ,babylonian confusion arose among ! p :o _h fir/ be5 told to wor%ip at ! %r9e ( religion1 !n at ! %r9e ( sci5ce1 & n[ /ood )\t any %r9e :atsoev]4 ,9 ,france1 m ?an 9 any o!r c\ntry1 we meet ) p ^: m9ds are too subtle & ^: emotions are too g5u9e to p]mit !m to dwell cont5t$ 9 t ,phili/9ism :i* leans on ! "o side t[>ds ! sci5tific cre$ or abs5ce ( cre$1 9 ord] to appe> mod]n1 &1 on ! o!r side1 on religion1 9 ord] to be safe1 b ^: real %r9e is ! money-safe4 ,^! ,fr5* p1 mo/ly au?ors & arti/s1 _h /udi$ bo? ! religi\s & ! sci5tific !ories1 & _h f\nd ! causes ( _! misc>riage4 ,! ,*ur* _h said3 8,nature is vile1 man is naturally bad1 in/9cts are prompt$ by ! devil1 & k is "o ( ! sn>es ( hell40 ,b ! ,roman ,*ur* _h n only fail$ 9 its mission to keep up ! fai? & r5d] humanity virtu\s & happy1 b 0 responsible = great social tr\bles1 sup]/itions1 & ob/acles to progress4 ,x _h good int5tions1 b ! way 9 :i* x tri$ to c>ry !m out r5d]$ !m valueless4 ,x requir$ p[] fir/1 mu* p[]1 complete p[] ov] ev]y?+1 & ! acquisition ( p[] did m h>m ?an ! ,*ur* c\ld d good :5 ev] s p[]ful4 ,! ,prote/ant ,*ur*es 9 ,france 7 gloomy1 prudi%1 anti-arti/ic1 & appeal$ ) difficulty to any ,fr5* "*4 ,_! dogmas seem$ incompatible ) sci5tific tru?1 & _! mission appe>$ to be r to p]suade _! memb]s t !y 7 p]fect ?an to r5d] !m p]fect4 ,besides1 a great _m m9ds ?r\gh\t ! _w1 accr$it$ ) sci5tific accompli%m5ts1 _h m]cilessly oppos$ dogmatic religion4 ,sci5ce1 9 its turn1 :5 ask$1 ,:]e is tru?8 ,:]e is ! ideal8 c\ld only po9t to a pile ( facts labori\sly built up l a brick wall1 & _h to confess t :at x wi%$ to give in/ead ( religion 0 m]e speculations4 ,! ultimate conclusion x po9t$ to 0 selfi%ness1 p]sonal irresponsibility1 & a m]e animal exi/5ce4 ,x fail$ entirely to satisfy ! great mov+ p[] 9 ! s*eme ( humanity--emotions--& c\ld n !re=e satisfy human ye>n+s & aspirations4 ,! po/ulates ( religion--! wick$ness ( nature & ( man--7 reject$ z gr\ndless1 & ! guidance ( intellect & sci5ce 0 spurn$ because !y 7 p[]less to influ5ce ! emotions4 ,f9d+ !mselves 9 ! plight ( a %ip driv+ ab\t 9 ! ocean )\t compass or rudd]1 ! ,p>nassians1 ! ,decad5ts1 & _m o!rs ?\ght x 0 "t to try a desp]ate c\rse4 ,p]haps1 aft] all1 !y ?\ght1 nature is good1 p]haps human in/9cts may be tru/$2 let u be natural & foll[ our in/9cts4 ,!re 0 mu* to enc\rage ! new dep>ture4 ,x _h (t5 be5 f\nd t ! pure/ joys 7 ! mo/ la/+1 t ! good 0 ! mo/ beautiful1 t lives & actions prompt$ by ! altrui/ic feel+s be/ satisfi$ selfi% ye>n+s1 t vice 0 disappo9t+1 unheal?y1 degrad+1 & joy-kill+2 t virtue improv$ life1 increas$ ! capacity = enjoym5t1 & beautifi$ m9d & body4 ,^! obs]vations enc\rag$ ! belief 9 ! religion ( self4 ,! ,ego 0 n bad2 b x requir$ fre$om to develop itself4 ,l all f\nd]s ( sy/ems & philosophies1 ! ,p>nassians & ,decad5ts s\ght = confirmation ( _! !ories 9 ! possibility ( a ,utopia4 ,9 imag9+ a /ate ( ?+s "u :i* ! self %\ld h unlimit$ latitude = self-realization1 :]e man c\ld satisfy 8 highe/ aspirations & enjoy ! greate/ possible happ9ess "u ! guidance ( 8 altrui/ic prompt+s1 :]e 8 in/9cts %\ld be s %>p5$ & develop$ z to unfail+ly select ! greate/ & ! mo/ la/+1 & !re=e ! noble/1 pleasures--9 imag9+ su* a /ate ( ?+s ^! exp]im5tali/s p]ceiv$ t society1 su* z x 0 ar\nd !m1 (f]$ ?\s&s ( ob/acles to e attempt at practical realization ( _! !ories4 ,!y ?us came to look ^u !mselves z at w> ) society1 its old /&>ds1 its prejudices1 its religions1 & its morals4 ,_! writ+s 7 at once weapons1 *all5ges1 rally+-cries4 ,!y 7 int5d$ to d]ide1 to %ock1 & to draw att5tion to ! new philosophy4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 good & bad 0 oblit]at$4 ,! arti/ & ! poet %\ld h5ce=? express _! true feel+s & n\ght else4 ,in/9ct %\ld take ! place ( pr9ciples4 ,! devil might be wor%ipp$ z well z ,god4 ,art %\ld h no o!r object ?an art4 ,nature might be abhorr$ z well z lov$4 ,& s on4 ,f ?is moral *aos ! self 0 to rise 9 all its glory4 ,= ! pres5t x 0 di/ort$ by surr\nd+ circum/ances4 ,! ugl9ess & morbidness ( ! subjects !y wrote ab\t & ! di/ortion ( _! own feel+s 7 ! pro(s ( ! decay$ /ate ^u :i* humanity _h ent]$4 ,*>act]s su* z ,huysman's ,duc des ,esse9tes 7 int5d$ to illu/rate :at ! pres5t /ate ( society 01 & :at its pres5t t5ets w\ld lead to4 ,he is int5d$ to repres5t ! f9al result ( our civilization1 & to %[ t disgu/ ( our race may be s great z to inspire a man ) ! belief t by fo/]+ evil & creat+ crim9als he does a good action 9 s f> z he accel]ates ! de/ruction ( society4 ,! ,p>nassians & ! ,decad5ts h no proclaim$ cre$ or any programme1 & _! own op9ion ( _! philosophy is ( ! hazie/ k9d4 ,we are !re=e f> f ass]t+ t we h "h int]pret$ !m z !y w\ld int]pret !mselves4 ,:atev] may be said ( _! /yle & _! writ+s1 !y h1 at lea/1 ! m]it ( be+ frank & unsophi/icat$1 & we ?9k x mu/ be recognis$ t1 :e!r !y "k x or n1 !y hold !mselves up z ! 8frightful examples0 ( ! *aotic /ate into :i* cre$s1 pr9ciples1 morals1 are fall+ at ! end ( ?is c5tury4 ,to u ! moral1 bo? ( _! exi/5ce & ( _! writ+1 is t ! _w1 & especially ,france1 /&s 9 sore ne$ ( bett] *ur*es1 ( a bett] sy/em ( philosophy1 & bett] pr9ciples ( gov]nm5t4 ,^! au?ors h r5d]$ a great s]vice 9 te>+ away ! hypocritical mask :i* society is s anxi\s to ma9ta91 & ?us demon/rat+ ! great ne$ ( reg5]at+ ag5cies4 ,( late1 ,engl& has be5 consid]ably influ5c$ by ,france1 & ! /hetic revolt j ref]r$ to naturally affect$ ! ,engli%1 b m]ely z a fa9t e*o4 ,:5 ,nordau1 :o correctly po9ts out ! connection betwe5 ! ,decad5ts 9 ,france & ! extreme /hetes 9 ,engl&1 ins9uates t ! :ole ( ,engli% society is affect$ by x1 he lab\rs "u a wrong impression4 ,we h _h "h--& we speak purposely 9 ! pa/ t5se--a knot ( p :o h believ$1 z ,nordau /ates1 t a "w ( art is its own aim1 t x may be immoral4 ,b1 z he himself has /at$1 ! /hetic awak5+ 9 ,engl& has =c$ art almo/ 9 ! opposite direction4 ,we h _h poets :o h imitat$ ,baudelaire & o!r writ]s ( ! same class1 b ^! imitators h1 by imitat+ _m o!rs1 display$ a weakness :i* deb>s !m f any great influ5ce4 ,!re 0 a "t ) u :5 a ?or\ghly immoral decad5ce _h a spell ( influ5ce & creat$ a sickly lit]ature4 ,b ! influ5ce ( ?is %am /heticism is fa/ vani%+1 s9ce its ess5ce has be5 m]cilessly expos$4 ,:ile ! influ5ce ( ! ,p>nassians & ,decad5ts 9 ,france 0 only small1 9 ,engl& ! circum/ances :i* produc$ !m h be5 9 exi/5ce among u & h produc$ effects to "s ext5t simil>4 ,! /ruggle betwe5 sci5ce & religion1 ! di/ru/ ( bo?1 ! failure ( social panaceas1 & ! irresi/ible pu%+ ( ! work+ class aga9/ old social b>ri]s h produc$ 9 a great numb] ( educat$ m5 a peculi> /ate ( m9d :i* we wi% t ,nordau _h notic$4 ,:e!r he w\ld h plac$ ^? ?us affect$ among 8 deg5]ates z egomaniacs x is impossible = u to decide1 b !re c be little d\bt t egoism is ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( a new religion or a new m5tal disease1 :i* has made l>ge inroads among educat$ m54 ,x becomes manife/ 9 _! pessimism & 9 _! indiff]5tism4 ,!y believe t ev]y?+ is bad1 t ! classes are bad1 t ! masses are bad1 t ! c\ntry is 9 a bad /ate1 & t ev]y?+ w f9i% badly4 ,at ! same "t !y d n c>e4 ,!y w d no?+ to av]t ! com+ evils4 ,!y hope t none w ?9k !m fooli% en\gh to make !mselves m>tyrs4 ,!y wi% x to be cle>ly und]/ood t !y c>e only = !mselves & t !y take no he$ ( :at happ5s to o!rs4 ,!y loa! ! work+ class1 & affect a desire to cru% !m out ( exi/5ce at "o bl[4 ,!y belong to ! few ,engli%m5 :o suspect wom5 ( vile ?+s1 except ( c\rse _! mo!rs1 si/]s1 fiances1 & wives4 ,!y ?9k life h>dly wor? liv+1 & c]ta9ly n wor? any special ex]tions1 b _! ma9 preoccupation is ! /ate ( _! heal?4 ,!y /udy no?+ save _! own incl9ations & crav+s & c]ta9 excresc5ces ( ! mo/ mod]n lit]ature4 ,_! capacity = hatr$ is /up5d\s 9 its scope b meek 9 its expression4 ,!y claim to enjoy all ! b5efits ( social life )\t consid]+ !mselves oblig$ to p]=m any ( its duties4 ,!y manage to be sp5d?rifts )\t be+ g5]\s1 & to be mean )\t be+ economical4 ,b we are /rongly av]se to class+ ^! social ph5om5a among ! hopeless egomaniacs4 ,!y exagg]ate _! egotism to su* an ext5t z to sugge/ t !y are r foll[+ a fooli% fa%ion ?an und]go+ moral decay1 & t ! exi/5ce ( p9*beck patriots1 political *>latans1 %am en?usia/s1 & pr(essional philan?ropi/s has fright5$ !m f %[+ _! be/ side & us+ _! be/ abilities1 & causes !m to fl\t _! pessimism & selfi%ness 9 e "o's face le/ !y %\ld be tak5 = "o ( ^!4 ,9 spite ( _! infatuat$ pos+ z deg5]ate egomaniacs1 we believe t _m ( !m may be c\nt$ ^u z "p ( ^? elem5ts f :i* ! future reg5]ation may spr+1 :5 ! cl\d ( scepticism has cle>$ away1 & a goal wor?y to /rive = is disc]nible4 ,,*apt] ,x ,,an ,,e?ical ,,inquisition ,a v l>ge "p ( ! sum-total ( ! "w accompli%$ by ,nordau 9 ,deg5]ation consi/s 9 describ+ sci5tifically ! psy*ological ph5om5a :i* und]lie ! idiosyncrasies ( c]ta9 au?ors & arti/s3 9 giv+ sci5tific names to _! weaknesses1 & 9 sett+ =? ! relations 9 :i* su* weaknesses /& to madness4 ,^! idiosyncrasies1 ^! weaknesses1 & _! relations to madness 7 well kn[n to obs]vant p long be=e ,nordau's book 0 writt51 & to ^! 8 "w is simply ! te*nical explanation ( famili> ph5om5a4 ,9 ano!r *apt] we %all dwell at great] l5g? on ! diff]5ce ( views :i* ,nordau t5ds to br+ ab\t4 ,"h we wi% to po9t out t1 9 spite ( ! mass ( sci5tific phraseology employ$ by ,nordau1 & 9 spite ( ! diff]5ce ( views he endeav\rs to br+ ab\t1 9 :at seems to be 8 ma9 object1 he is entirely 9 accord ) millions ( s\nd-m9d$ p 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,we ,engli% deplore1 z deeply z any "o c1 ! exi/5ce ( arti/s & works ( s-call$ art :i* appeal r to ! morbid ?an to ! heal?y m9d2 ( poetry1 novels1 & dramas calculat$ to flatt] ! corrupt1 in/ead ( /imulat+ 9 all a desire = elevation4 ,we especially deplore ! diabolical "w done by pornographic arti/s & au?ors4 ,ow+ to ?is accord 9 aims ) ,nordau1 8 "w has be5 read1 & is be+ read1 by ?\s&s 9 ?is c\ntry1 9 ! hope t 8 vaunt$ sci5ce & 8 /rong m9d w\ld %[ u ! "r rem$ies4 ,b 9 ?is respect we h be5 sorely disappo9t$2 = in/ead ( meet+ ) t complete grasp ( ! subject to :i* ,engli% sci5ti/s h accu/om$ u1 we meet 9 8 proposal ( rem$ies ) t daz$ & sup]ficial logic :i* ?r\gh\t 8 "w cla%es s /rangely ) 8 p[] ( p]ceiv+ & ( m>%all+ 8 facts4 ,! way he proposes to treat ! 8my/ics1 b especially egomaniacs & fil?y pseudo-reali/s10 =cibly rem9ds u ( ! solemn resolution ( ! rats to bell ! cat4 ,he says3 8,society mu/ unconditionally def5d itself aga9/ !m4 ,:oev] believes ) me t society is ! natural organic =m ( humanity1 9 :i* alone x c exi/1 prosp]1 & cont9ue to develop itself to high] de/9ies2 :oev] looks ^u civilization z a good1 hav+ value & des]v+ to be def5d$1 mu/ m]cilessly cru% "u 8 ?umb ! anti-social v]m94 ,to him :o1 ) ,nietzs*e1 is en?usia/ic ov] ! #8freely-rov+1 lu/+ bea/ ( prey1' we cry3 #8,get y gone f civilization6 ,rove f> f u6 ,be a lu/+ bea/ ( prey 9 ! des]t6 ,satisfy y\rself6 ,level y\r roads1 build y\r huts1 clo! & fe$ y\rself z y c6 ,our /reets & our h\ses are n built = y2 our looms h no /uffs = y2 our fields are n till$ = y4 ,all our lab\r is p]=m$ by m5 :o e/eem ea* o!r1 h consid]ation = ea* o!r1 mutually aid ea* o!r1 & :o h to curb _! selfi%ness = ! g5]al good4 ,!re is no place among u = ! lu/+ bea/ ( prey2 & if y d>e to return to u1 we w pitilessly beat y to dea? ) clubs4'0 ,all ?is s\nds v well2 b if ,nordau believes t 9 ?is passage he has giv5 u ! true me?od ( h[ to def5d society aga9/ its lit]>y & arti/ic enemies1 he lab\rs "u a delusion ) reg>d to 8 own a*ievem5ts t sav\rs some:at ( megalomania4 ,8 big words1 8 righte\s indignation1 & 8 manifold signs ( exclamation are n a magic w&1 are n a ,sa9t ,patrick's mitre1 ) p[] to bani% toads & s]p5ts f ! c\ntry4 ,:5 he says t society %\ld be def5d$1 we c und]/& him4 ,b :5 he says t society mu/ def5d itself1 he drops into ! mi/ ( commonplace & mean+less g5]alities4 ,! ^w 8society0 /&s = "o ( ^? ?+s :i* w s]ve v well z ! object ( an activity1 b n z a subject because1 :ile its smalle/ compon5t "p may be affect$1 action is only possible ?r\gh an organiz$ co-op]ation ( all its p>ts4 ,to a ,g]man :o has nev] witness$ ! attempt ( a free democratic community to laun* out into collective activity1 ?is diff]5ce 9 ! active & passive positions ( society may nev] h occurr$4 ,to him ! activity ( society seems an easy matt]1 because 9 8 m9d society is repres5t$ by a conc5trat$1 p[]ful1 & pragmatical adm9i/ration4 ,if ,nordau _h said 8gov]nm5t %\ld def5d10 in/ead ( 8society %\ld def5d10 he w\ld at lea/ h be5 logical2 b ?is he c\ld n d1 because1 ?\gh an enemy to p]sonal lib]ty1 he has se5 en\gh ( ,g]man =ms ( gov]nm5t to reject ! po/ulate ( ! ,sociali/s reg>d+ ! infallibility ( ! c5tral p[]2 :ile at ! same "t he has a heal?y contempt = ! judgm5t ( ! cont95tal police4 ,he !re=e says t society mu/ def5d itself1 & ?us gives u a gratuit\s piece ( advice :i* is ?\s&s ( ye>s old4 ,he calls ^u all ^? :o %>e 8 views to tell ! enemies ( _! race to be gone f civilization4 ,b w !y g8 ,:y %\ld !y be m ob$i5t ?an ! spirits f ! va/y deep8 ,! adm9i/ration ( society w\ld h to be completely c5traliz$1 & ! c5tral ,gov]nm5t w\ld h to be absolutely despotic1 9 ord] to compel su* an exodus4 ,ev5 ) su* a ,gov]nm5t x might be extremely difficult to accompli%4 ,! mo/ despotic ,gov]nm5t 9 ! _w--! ,russian ,gov]nm5t--h enc\nt]$ enorm\s difficulties 9 try+ to expel ! ,jews1 & ?is despite ! fact t 9 ?is endeav\r !y _h ! sympa?ies ( ! majority ( ! ,russian p1 & c\ld easily asc]ta9 :o 7 ,jews & :o 7 n4 ,a ,gov]nm5t1 9 ,engl& = example1 t w\ld attempt to expel p]nici\s au?ors & arti/s w\ld h none ( ^! facilities4 ,!y w\ld fir/ h to pass an ,act ( ,p>liam5t--! ,graphomaniac1 ,egomaniac1 ,pornographomaniac ,au?ors & ,symboli/ ,arti/s ,expulsion ,act--& at lea/ tw5ty ,gov]nm5ts w\ld be turn$ out be=e x c\ld get pass$4 ,b let u suppose t ,p>liam5t _h decid$ on su* an expulsion ( ^! (f5d]s1 !n ! real difficulties w\ld beg91 namely1 to decide :o %\ld be expell$ & :o %\ld n4 ,z to kill+ ! return+ ones ) clubs1 ?is mode ( execution be+ aboli%$ among u1 hang+ w\ld h to be resort$ to--an extremely difficult op]ation 9 our days1 :5 ! abolition ( capital puni%m5t is m & m be+ consid]$ z "o ( ! fir/ /eps t[>ds bett] e?ics4 ,nordau admits t judges & ! police _c help u4 ,! reason :i* he gives ) reg>d to ,g]many--! public contempt 9 :i* ! judges & police !re /&--does n apply 9 ,engl&1 :]e our judges are beyond reproa*1 & ! police is a highly respect$ body1 9 consequ5ce ( be+ less pragmatical ?an any police =ce 9 ! _w4 ,exp]i5ce 9 ,engl& has giv5 u f> /rong] reasons = n us+ ! law & ! police =ce aga9/ au?ors & arti/s4 ,ea* "t x has be5 done1 ! v works int5d$ to be suppress$ h ga9$ a popul>ity & a circulation a ?\s&-fold great] ?an if !y _h be5 left alone4 ,in/ead ( tribunals & police1 ,nordau sugge/s a body simil> to an association 9 ,g]many be>+ ! "n 8,association ( ,m5 = ! ,suppression ( ,immorality40 ,z he (t5 deals ) 8 au?orities1 s he "h deals ) 8 model tribunal4 ,he turns r\nd & %[s t !y are no good4 8,?is association1 x seems1 pursues disbelief m ?an immorality10 he says4 ,alas6 su* is ! way ) associations ( frail m54 ,!y are apt to leave undone ^? ?+s :i* !y ought to h done1 & to d ^? ?+s :i* !y ought n to h done4 ,nordau "h ranges himself ) ! cr[d ( s5tim5tal ,sociali/s :o are s angry ) ! _w because x _c see h[ easily ! reg5]ation ( humanity w\ld become by means ( an infallible & almighty ,gov]nm5t4 ,he & !y _c see t ?is infallible & almighty ,gov]nm5t is ! v ?+ beyond our rea*4 ,if he _h inquir$ logically into ! causes ( ! disappo9t+ results produc$ by ! 8,association ( ,m510 he c\ld n h fail$ to notice t ! latt] 7 m logical ?an himself4 ,?is 8,association ( ,m510 want+ to suppress vice by =cible action1 exactly z ,nordau w\ld1 7 s5sible en\gh to /rike at ! causes & n at ! effects4 ,!y _h f\nd t a!ism1 & ev5 free-?9k+1 g5]ally co9cid$ ) immorality2 & t on ! o!r h& religi\s m5 7 g5]ally moral4 ,consequ5tly1 a!ism 0 f\nd to produce immorality1 & religion morality4 ,9 uphold+ religion1 !re=e1 !y 7 uphold+ morality 9 a mo/ effective way1 because morality )\t religion1 or at lea/ )\t express$ religion1 is f\nd only 9 m5 ( great intellectual p[]s & sci5tific atta9m5ts2 & to educate ! mass ( ! p to t po9t is1 & w = a long "t be1 out ( ! "q4 ,religion1 !re=e1 0 ! only *oice ( ,nordau's 8,association ( ,m502 &1 if x 0 "r to co]ce p into morality1 x 0 surely "r to co]ce !m into religion4 ,f ?is x %\ld be cle> t ! fault does n lie 9 ! reason+ ( ?is 8,association ( ,m510 b 9 ! po/ulate :i* ,nordau has approv$--namely1 ! co]cion ( anybody by an 8,association ( ,m540 ,he expects ! new 8,society = ,e?ical ,culture0 9 ,b]l9 to d bett]1 & wi%es x to con/itute itself z ! volunt>y gu>dian ( ! p's morality4 ,:at an extraord9>y idea6 ,"o set ( m5 gu>d+ ! morality ( ano!r set ( m5--a small m9ority1 unau?oris$1 unrecognis$1 & devoid ( all physical p[]1 to gu>d ! morality ( ! great majority6 ,! ,london au?orities c\ld tell ,nordau a great deal ab\t ! effects ( su* attempts1 ev5 :5 ! gu>dians ( morality h ! law & police at _! back4 ,b he ne$ n come to ,london to le>n :at gu>d$ morality is wor?1 & :at ! results ( su* gu>dian%ip are4 ,! hi/ory ( e c\ntry teems ) illu/rations ( ! fact t e attempt to co]ce ! p1 morally or physically1 into a moral life has inv>iably br\ght ab\t m hypocrisy1 m secret corruption1 & a tone ( great] immorality4 ,if he di/ru/s univ]sal exp]i5ce1 !n he ought to "k1 z a psy*ologi/1 t1 s long z ! human m9d & ! human emotions are :at !y are1 repression1 sup]vision1 & outside int]f]5ce ) p]sonal lib]ty mu/ demoralize4 ,! composition ( 8 society w\ld be no gu>antee :atev] aga9/ deplorable effects4 ,he proposes t x %\ld consi/ ( in/ructors1 pr(essors1 au?ors1 memb]s ( ,p>liam5t1 judges1 & high function>ies4 ,to beg9 )1 au?ors c\ld n be includ$1 because !y c\ld n judge & be judg$ at ! same "t2 & if ! qualification ( au?ors 7 suffici5t1 :at w\ld prev5t au?ors ( ! ,zola type f pr$om9at+ 9 ! association8 ,"h1 z ) reg>d to orig9al causes1 ,nordau fancies t he has /ruck solid gr\nd :5 he has remov$ ! difficulty a /age f>!r back4 ,! association is simply an in/rum5t4 ,all dep5ds ^u :o =ges x4 ,( ?is he says n a ^w4 ,he evid5tly expects x to arise z a miracle1 l ! infallible ,gov]nm5t ( ! ,sociali/s4 ,7 ! ,g]man ,emp]or to select ! memb]s ( ! association--:i* 9 ,g]many he w\ld h to d directly or indirectly--he w\ld take ^u himself an enorm\s responsibility1 = ! fulfilm5t ( :i* he w\ld h to acquire ! necess>y in=mation & ! necess>y means4 ,he w\ld simply be to e?ics :at ! ,pope is to ! ,ca?olic religion4 ,nordau boldly ass]ts t su* an association w\ld h 8! p[] to ex]cise an irresi/ible #8boycot4'0 ,:y8 ,he evid5tly ?9ks s because 8 association w\ld be an influ5tial "o4 ,he cle>ly does n "k :at ought to be an axiom to any "o :o m$dles ) social que/ions--namely1 t ! circulation ( a condemn$ book increases 9 an inv]se ratio to ! respect :i* ! condemn+ au?orities enjoy4 ,?us1 if 8 association 7 to consi/ ( nobodies & 7 to condemn a book1 ! condemnation w\ld only increase ! circulation a little2 b if x 7 to consi/ ( ! lead+ m5 ( ! ,g]man ,empire1 ! condemn$ book w\ld be read all ov] ! _w4 ,9 ! matt] ( public c5sors no?+ is ( any avail t is n absolutely despotic4 ,by all[+ ,gov]nm5t & police to ex]cise all k9ds ( viol5ce1 isolat$ newspap] p>agraphs & lead]s c be suppress$ be=e !y are publi%$1 & ! op5 circulation ( condemn$ books may be prev5t$4 ,b once ! public get hold ( ! cont5ts ( an article & ! "n ( a book1 a secret circulation at once sets 94 ,eyewitnesses :o 7 9 ,france :5 ! ,fr5* ,gov]nm5t confiscat$ & prohibit$ ,edmond ,ab\t's ,la ,"q ,roma9e c relate ! eag]ness ) :i* ?is book 0 read1 & tell ( ! numb]s ( copies circulat$ secretly4 ,we cite ?is example f ! cont95t1 z x corroborates :at always happ5s 9 ,engl&4 ,nordau fondly imag9es t ! judgm5t ( 8 association w\ld absolutely 8annihilate0 n only ! book1 b ! au?or4 ,! contr>y w\ld happ54 ,z long z !re is a gra9 ( love ( lib]ty 9 humanity1 ! condemnation by an au?ority ( a man's book w make him ! object ( public sympa?y4 ,:5 ,nordau says t 8no respectable booksell] w\ld keep ! condemn$ book1 no respectable pap] w\ld m5tion x10 8 mean+ entirely dep5ds on 8 /&>d ( respectability--"o ( ^? /&>ds he absolutely refuses to give u4 ,e "o kn[s t !re are respectable booksell]s & pap]s1 & t !re are non-respectable booksell]s & pap]s4 ,b :o c\ld und]take to draw ! l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 ! two categories8 ,9 a small ,g]man t[n :]e !re are only "o or two booksell]s ?is l9e is easily drawn4 ,b h[ ab\t places l ,b]l91 ,hamburg1 ,p>is1 ,vi5na1 & ,london8 ,besides1 a booksell] & a newspap] might be highly respectable1 b diff] diametrically f an association :i* w\ld h ,nordau's approval4 ,surely he w\ld n pu% 8 mania s f> z to d5y a respectable "* to all ! booksell]s & newspap]s :o1 = in/ance1 refuse to boycot ,ibs58 ,nordau also ?9ks t ! speciali/s 9 insanity %\ld come out ( _! %ells & publicly d5\nce ! deg5]ate au?ors & arti/s4 ,9 ,engl&1 = example1 he ?9ks t ,maudsley c\ld ex]cise a heal?y influ5ce4 ,b he w\ld be surpris$ at ! small numb] ( p 9 ,engl&1 outside ! pr(ession1 :o read works on m5tal disease4 ,deg5]ation has be5 widely read2 b ?is is because x levels />tl+ accusations aga9/ well-kn[n au?ors & arti/s1 & because x purports to give a novel sci5tific int]pretation ( famili> ph5om5a1 ) ! purpose ( turn+ our op9ions ) reg>d to "s bran*es ( art & lit]ature topsy-turvy4 ,x is n to sci5ce alone t x owes its wide circulation1 b to ! clev]--consci\s or unconsci\s--sophi/ries x conta9s4 ,engli% psy*ologi/s & speciali/s 9 insanity c\ld n af=d to laun* out aft] ! mann] ( ,nordau4 ,!y might secure a c]ta9 numb] ( read]s2 b !y w\ld lose _! pati5ts4 ,a speciali/ :o came be=e ! public ) ,nordau's artless & ill-consid]$ s*eme = ! def5ce ( society aga9/ its enemies1 c\ld n hope to be tak5 s]i\sly by an ,engli% public4 ,9 ,engl& we h _h a too l>ge exp]i5ce ( books ) a t5d5cy1 ( log-roll+1 ( veil$ adv]tisem5t1 & ( sly p>ty ?ru/s1 to be influ5c$ by su* a sugge/ion ( lunacy aga9/ political oppon5ts z is conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce f ,nordau3 8,a ,maudsley 9 ,engl&1 a ,*>cot1 a ,magnan 9 ,france1 a ,lombroso1 a ,tonn9i 9 ,italy1 h br\ght to va/ circles ( p an und]/&+ ( ! obscure ph5om5a 9 ! life & ! m9d1 & dissem9at$ k :i* w\ld make x impossible 9 ^? c\ntries = pron\nc$ lunatics ) ! mania = p]secution to ga9 an influ5ce ov] hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( citiz5s40 ,x is impossible = u to imag9e an ,engli% speciali/ 9 insanity attribut+ ! abs5ce ( anti-semitism 9 ,engl& to 8 own writ+s1 or ^? ( o!r psy*ologi/s1 z ,nordau does 9 ?is s5t5ce4 ,if ! ,g]man electors c believe su* a wild p>ty di/ortion1 !y are n ! m5 we take !m =4 ,we h already expla9$ ! causes ( ! exi/5ce ( anti-semitism 9 ,g]many1 & ( its abs5ce 9 ,engl&4 ,we d n expect t ,nordau w ackn[l$ge our view to be "r4 ,= _h he n be5 s entirely ! creature ( prejudice on ?is1 z on _m o!r subjects outside 8 specialty1 he w\ld1 unassi/$1 h discov]$ s obvi\s a tru?4 ,engli%m5 are n less anxi\s ?an he to def5d society aga9/ its enemies2 b only ! mo/ inexp]i5c$ & illogical ,engli%man w\ld recomm5d su* rem$ies z our ali5i/ seems to consid] z ! height ( wisdom4 ,?\gh we h be5 sl[ ab\t x1 we seem at la/ to h grasp$ ! n v hidd5 tru? t if society--t is to say1 ! p--is moral en\gh to elect an association capable ( act+ z an e?ical c5sor ov] art & lit]ature1 we believe ! p also capable ( ex]cis+ t c5sor%ip directly1 in/ead ( indirectly ?r\gh an association4 ,?is c5sor%ip by ! p !mselves has ! imm5se advantage ( work+ uno/5tati\sly & sil5tly1 & )\t adv]tis+ ! v "w t %\ld be suppress$4 ,we ?9k x futile to condemn1 or ev5 to suppress1 a "w2 & on gr\nds ( exp$i5cy only1 reg>dless ( pr9ciple1 to club ! s9n+ au?or4 ,! s\rce f :i* ! condemn$ "w sprang w\ld yield m su* works1 & ! circum/ances :i* _h produc$ ! objectionable au?or w\ld produce m objectionable au?ors4 ,^!1 z well z _! works1 are ! symptoms ( a social malady1 & we %\ld treat !m z su*4 ,we h ceas$ to apply to society ! old me?ods1 long s9ce ab&on$ by ! m$ical pr(ession1 ( cur+ an evil by means ( viol5t suppression ( ! symptoms--me?ods adh]$ to by ,nordau ) reg>d to society1 b1 let u hope1 n ) reg>d to 8 pati5ts4 ,we leave ! symptoms alone3 = !y all[ u to diagnose ! evil1 & we g = ! causes4 ,9 look+ = !m1 we try to keep our m9ds free f su* prejudices z influ5ce ,nordau's logic4 ,we %\ld n cry out = new e?ical /&>ds1 = new & impossible moral au?orities1 :ile we ru?lessly de/roy a /&>d & an au?ority--religion--! practical usefulness ( :i* c\ld n be replac$ = c5turies by any new /&>d or au?ority1 ev5 if inv5t$ n[4 ,recognis+ ! tru? 9 ,voltaire's flippant say+1 t if ,god did n exi/ we %\ld h to inv5t ,him1 we d n1 z ! sup]/iti\s sci5ti/s d1 fir/ aboli% ,him & !n re-inv5t ,him 9 ! clumsy =m ( a 8me*anical causality40 ,we let ! hold]s ( ! om9\s r+s--( :i* ,na?an d] ,weis] told ,salad9--d _! utmo/ to prove by virtue & happ9ess t !y hold ! magic r+ conf]r+ ^! privileges4 ,x matt]s little to u :e!r ! g5u9e r+ be ! ,*ri/ian "o1 ! ,jewi% "o1 or ! sci5ti/s'1 s long z ! belief 9 ! hold]s ( ea* ( ! r+s /imulates !m to prove its g5u95ess4 ,we w\ld n tell ! great majority :o p9 _! fai? to ! ,*ri/ian r+--ev5 if we believe x to be spuri\s--t we c prove x to be wor?less1 & t ! sci5ti/s' r+ alone w br+ salvation3 = we "k t ?is r+ is beyond ! rea* ( mo/ ( !m1 & t1 h&l$ 9 ! wrong way1 x w "w curses in/ead ( bless+s4 ,we limit ourselves to tell+ !m t ! r+s held by ! o!rs mu/ n be despis$ until ! ,great ,competition is adjudicat$4 ,9 our que/ = ! causes ( deg5]ation1 we d n beg9 by try+ to discov] traces ( lunacy 9 a small numb] ( prom95t citiz5s4 ,we be> 9 m9d t ^! are ei!r isolat$ cases1 or types ( a g5]ally prevail+ t5d5cy4 ,9 ! fir/ case1 we leave !m alone2 9 ! second1 we se>* = ! cause ( ?is t5d5cy4 ,if we f9d t ! t5d5cy1 let u say1 t[>d hy/]ia1 or egomania1 9 ! upp] classes is be+ produc$ by a crav+ = excitem5t1 unheal?y pleasures1 or artificial s5sations1 & by a frivol\s & empty life1 we set ab\t to discov] ! causes ( ?is crav+ & ?is empty life4 ,if we aga9 discov] t ! cause is f\nd 9 ! decay ( ! beliefs 9 p]sonal responsibility1 9 ! importance ( philan?ropy1 morality1 & patriotism1 we try to discov] :y ^! beliefs h decay$4 ,if x be f\nd t !y h decay$ simultane\sly ) & 9 consequ5ce ( ! decay ( ! au?ority ( ! ,*ur*1 we try ei!r to /r5g!n ! influ5ce ( ! ,*ur* by purify+ & re=m+ x1 or we replace its dogmas & its doctr9es by a heal?y & moral philosophy4 ,%\ld we f9d1 on ! o!r h&1 t ! deplorable /ate among ! poor] classes--_! suff]+1 _! degradation1 & _! joyless lives1 co-exi/+ ) l>ge =tunes1 & irrem$iable "u pres5t laws & in/itutions--leads to ! conclusion t ! altrui/ic feel+s ( ! weal?y are useless1 & ?us prompt among ! upp] classes selfi%ness & egomania1 & ! det]m9ation to dr[n _! high] emotions 9 a giddy life1 & 9 ! poor] classes to fo/] de/ructive t5d5cies & ! desire = rev5ge1 we turn our att5tion to social rem$ies4 ,no "o c turn 8 att5tion to ! social /ate ( ! work+ class 9 ,engl&1 & ?r\gh\t ! _w1 )\t discov]+ a ho/ ( motors active 9 ! production ( dire mis]y1 & all ! m5tal & moral degradation t foll[s 9 its tra9--a degradation :i* aggravates ! mis]y1 & reacts1 z we h %[n1 on ! upp] classes4 ,no?+ w m actively /ay ! progress ( any m5tal deg5]ation :i* might be go+ on ?an ! removal ( ! causes ( ! awful mis]y suff]$ by su* an al>m+ proportion ( civiliz$ humanity4 ,nordau's w>n+ aga9/ m5tal decay & progression t[>ds folly w1 we hope1 quick51 if n ! high] emotions1 at lea/ ! s5se ( self-pres]vation among ! lead+ classes ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,b x mu/ be regrett$ t he1 n only 9 8 sugge/ion ( rem$ies1 b 9 _m o!r p>ts ( 8 "w1 displays a lack ( logic & a want ( cle> p]ception z soon z he quits ! n>r[ prec9cts ( 8 special sci5ce & ! tea*+s ( 8 manifold au?orities1 & falls back on 8 own reason+ p[]s4 ,_h he prev5t$ 8 prejudices f col\r+ 8 views1 & _h he n sacrific$ logic = brilliancy1 8 "w w\ld h be5 ( no slight assi/ance to ^? :o are help+ on humanity 9 its /agg]+ onw>d movem5t4 ,,*apt] ,,xi ,,vigor\s ,,affirmations ,x has come to our k t a great numb] ( p 9 ?is c\ntry :o h read ?r\gh ! :ole ( ,nordau's bulky volume h c>ri$ away an impression f> f pleasant4 ,inde$1 !re are few m5 or wom5 9 a c\ntry l ,engl& :o might n1 on "s plea or ano!r1 come "u ! suspicion ( m5tal deg5]ation1 if all t ,nordau says 71 reg>dless ( 8 contradictions1 accept$ z true4 ,9 ?is c\ntry education & morality are bas$ entirely on religi\s pr9ciples1 & mo/ ( ! inhabitants are1 ei!r by fai? or by d9t ( s9c]e philosophical inquiry1 to "s ext5t religioni/s4 ,all ^! might ?9k !mselves includ$ among ^? :om ,nordau /igmatises z deg5]ates4 ,!re are also a great numb] :o admire int5sely ,burne ,jones1 ,rossetti1 & _m o!r pa9t]s ( ! same s*ool1 & all ^! h be5 told1 ) some:at brutal frankness1 t !y are on ! road to lunacy4 ,! pieces ( ,ibs5 h a great numb] ( admir]s :o h welcom$ ) pleasure ! additional intellig5ce & int]e/ :i* he has infus$ into ! drama1 & :o consequ5tly h be5 po9t$ out z deg5]ate imbeciles4 ,9 ! light ( ^! facts !re rema9 few educat$ p]sons among ! upp] classes ( ?is c\ntry ab\t ^: intellectual s\ndness ,nordau's "w might n raise d\bts4 ,?is all ! m s z 8 few res]vations ) reg>d to p :o h demon/rat$ _! sanity by practical ability to conduct _! own affairs1 s9k into insignificance among 8 volum9\s & :olesale accusations1 especially z su* res]vations are =gott5 almo/ z soon z !y are made4 ,?is :olesale issue ( c]tificates ( madness w\ld n h matt]$ s mu* if 8 "w did n c>ry ) x a c]ta9 p[] ( conviction :i* tells especially ) ! weak1 un9/ruct$ m9d1 & ) p :o h n read 8 "w ) special att5tion4 ,9 fact1 we "k cases ( p ( s5sitive m9d :o imag9e t1 ?anks to ,nordau's book1 _! fri5ds w look ^u !m z on ! road to lunacy4 ,!re c be little d\bt t ! /rong impression ! book has made1 sometimes 9 "o way & sometimes 9 ano!r1 is l>gely due to ! /yle adopt$ by its au?or4 ,! secret ( ?is /yle is reveal$ 9 ! *apt] 8,prognosis10 :]e he describes ) some:at elephant9e hum\r ! effects 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury ( ! pres5t progress+ deg5]ation4 ,he says1 among o!r ?+s1 t companies ( m5 w be =m$ :o 8by vigor\s affirmations are *>g$ to tranquillize p]sons afflict$ ) ! mania ( d\bt1 :5 tak5 by a fit ( n]v\sness40 ,su* a piece ( prophecy c\ld only ent] ! head ( a man :o has _h practical exp]i5ce ( ! great effect produc$ on n]v\s p by vigor\s affirmations1 &1 hav+ _h ?is exp]i5ce1 ,nordau fills 8 volume ) su* 8vigor\s affirmations40 ,8 me?od has succe$$ all ! bett] z he evid5tly belongs to t class ( p[]ful & /rong-will$ m5 :o1 :5 once !y h =m$ an op9ion1 hold to x t5aci\sly1 & c\nt z no?+ any conviction aga9/ _! w4 ,hav+ foll[$ ,nordau ?r\gh 8 vigor\s crusade aga9/ t score ( p :om he reg>ds z dang]\s enemies to humanity1 & hav+ po9t$ out a ho/ ( 8 logical errors1 errone\s p]ceptions1 uns\nd po/ulates1 & exagg]at$ repres5tations1 we propose be=e clos+ ?is volume to exam9e "s ( ! reason+ me?ods :i* give him 8 app>5t /r5g?4 ,x is to him ( great mom5t t 8 read]s %all n believe 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! ?9k+ & feel+ ,ego z a p]son1 ap>t f ! organic me*anism :i* conveys impressions & pres5tations to ! ,ego4 ,he uses all ! argum5ts :i* t s*ool ( ?9k]s to :i* he belongs has pil$ up 9 ord] to %[ t m9d is a condition ( matt]4 ,he says no?+ ab\t ! argum5ts on ! o!r side1 b treats !m z ! sci5ce ( ! pa/4 ,he takes = grant$1 )\t %[+ a ve/ige ( d\bt1 t human be+s are no?+ b organic me*anisms4 ,he does n ev5 ref] to1 or all[ t !re is1 any?+ beyond ! pres5t sci5tific discov]ies1 & scornfully ignores ! exi/5ce ( :at less prejudic$ sci5ti/s call ! ,unkn[able4 ,he ?us treats a "q :i* /ill trembles 9 ! balance z if x 7 already decid$ 9 fav\r ( 8 pet !ories4 ,! attitude :i* biologi/s & psy*ologi/s take up z su*1 & ) ! special purpose ( proce$+ 9 _! inve/igations ) p]fectly unbiass$ m9ds1 ,nordau assumes z a philosoph]1 & tries to p]suade himself & o!rs t he has tak5 8 /& on absolute facts4 ,sci5ce proce$s on ! supposition t only t is true :i* has be5 prov$ s by demon/rations to our s5ses1 or ?r\gh d$uctions f su* demon/rations4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is a po/ulate ! illogicality ( :i* mo/ sci5tific m5 are aw>e (1 & is adopt$ mo/ly = ! purpose1 z x 71 ( cle>+ ! gr\nd4 ,to assume1 ap>t f _! inve/igat+ attitude1 t !re is no?+ m to "k ?an :at is already kn[n1 w\ld be an utt]ly absurd assumption1 z x w\ld1 if act$ ^u1 preclude fur!r inve/igation4 ,nordau does n1 & w\ld n1 d5y t !re is m to le>n1 b he p]si/s 9 ! view t all future k w be on ! l9es ( our pres5t k1 & nev] contradictory to ! pres5t prevail+ sci5tific dogmas4 ,he rema9s "u ?is impression1 because he =gets t sci5ce has progress$1 progresses1 &1 z f> z we see n[1 always w progress ?r\gh inve/igations by our s5ses1 & t ?is fact br+s two important tru?s conspicu\sly into relief4 ,! fir/1 t our s5ses are liable to deceive u1 & t consequ5tly ! diff]5ce betwe5 primitive views--! result ( imp]fect obs]vation--& ! sci5tific op9ions ( ! day is n "o ( k9d1 b simply "o ( degree4 ,9 old5 times ! s5ses deceiv$ u v mu*1 & n[adays !y deceive u less4 ,b to :at an ext5t !y deceive u n[ ! future alone c reveal4 ,! second1 t sci5ce ) ! pres5t me?ods _c inve/igate any?+ t does n appeal to our s5ses4 ,to d5y ! exi/5ce ( any?+ t does n appeal directly to our s5ses is absurd1 because we %\ld h to d5y all ! =ces ( nature4 ,! exi/5ce ( ^! c only be detect$ by _! effects4 ,! m sci5ce tea*es u ab\t =ces1 ! m ! view ga9s adh]5ce t ! =ces are n a /ate ( matt]1 b a ?+ ap>t1 if matt] is n a /ate ( =ce4 ,ev5 if ?is view %\ld prove to be correct1 ! error x w\ld dispel1 t =ce is a /ate ( matt]1 w\ld be p>donable1 z =ce only has come )9 ! p]ception ( our s5ses ?r\gh its effect on matt]4 ,psy*ology has to "s ext5t succe$$ 9 trac+ & 9 describ+ c]ta9 =ces :i* are at "w 9 our n]ves & our bra9s1 su* z1 = example1 reveal !mselves 9 ! reception & elaboration ( pres5tations4 ,b )9 e human be+ !re are well-kn[n ph5om5a :i* tell ( =ces--or ( "o g5]al =ce--:i* s f> h escap$ all inve/igation4 ,^! ph5om5a are emotion1 judgm5t1 w4 ,att5tive read]s ( ,nordau's books w h notic$ t1 9 8 sci5tific diss]tations on ! actions ( ! bra91 ^! factors--emotion1 judgm5t1 w--turn up sudd5ly )\t ! slighte/ explanation z to :5ce !y come & :at !y are1 ?\gh !y seem to completely det]m9e ! action ( ! :ole organism4 ,x is ) ?is enorm\s gap 9 _! *a9 ( reason+ t "s sci5ti/s1 ) m le>n+ ?an logic1 jump to ! conclusion t ! ?9k+ & feel+ ,ego is only a /ate ( matt]4 ,nordau1 be+ anxi\s1 z we h already m5tion$1 to magnify ! importance ( 8 psy*ological !ories by und]m9+ 8 read]s' belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( any?+ unsci5tifically call$ 8s\l0 or 8_s10 r5d]s 8 task easi] by attack+ religion1 ( :i* ! belief 9 ! exi/5ce ( ! spiritual ,ego is a vital "p4 ,he kn[s t if he c compass ! rejection ( ! idea ( religion he kills two birds ) "o /one4 ,he gets rid ( ! p]sonal ,ego z well z ! belief 9 et]nal life1 bo? ( :i*1 if admitt$ to be realities1 w\ld /rongly po9t to an intellig5t ,provid5ce ! exi/5ce ( :i* w\ld be a colossal imp$im5t to ! glorification ( sci5ce & ( sci5ti/s4 ,! way 9 :i* he /rives to und]m9e religi\s belief is +5i\s & (t5 effective4 ,he tru/s *iefly to ! hi/orical argum5t4 ,he goes back to primitive man 9 ord] to %[ t he1 9 8 ignorance ( nature1 attribut$ ^? natural ph5om5a :i* /rongly impress$ him to "s man mighti] ?an himself4 ,nordau tries to %[ t out ( ?is belief arose :at he w\ld call sup]/ition1 ! sev]al =ms ( religion4 ,he "h ( c\rse appeals to feel+ m ?an to reason4 ,p d n l to feel t !y h rema9$ 9 ! dep? ( ignorance ( ! primitive savage1 & might feel dispos$ to jo9 ! glori\s company ( ! apo/les ( sci5ce4 ,b if we use our reason+ p[]s we _c fail to p]ceive t sci5ce has m]ely taught u ! me?ods by :i*1 & ! laws accord+ to :i*1 nature works1 & t z to ! =ces beh9d ! laws ( nature ! sci5ti/ is z ignorant z ! primitive savage4 ,nordau also pursues t diplomatic c\rse--or commits ! error--z we h already po9t$ out1 ( conf\nd+ religion ) ! ,*ur*es4 ,x is easy to inspire di/ru/ 9 religion if x be p]mitt$ to consid] ,pope ,borgia1 ,ignatius ,loyola1 & ,dr4 ,/ck] z its inevitable results4 ,by analyz+1 to "s ext5t di/ort+ ! ess5ce ( ritual1 ,nordau seeks to po9t out t ,*ri/ian wor%ip is n only %e] imbecility1 b also an insult to ! suppos$ ,god4 ,he nev] notices su* discrepancies betwe5 ! ,*ur*es & religion z are1 = example1 reveal$ by ! anti-semiti/ movem5t 9 ,g]many1 :i* naturally he ke5ly res5ts4 ,f ! defects1 ! %ortcom+s1 ! sup]/itions1 ! antiquat$ dogmas ( ! ,*ur*es1 he tries to draw ! sweep+ conclusion t a belief 9 an intellig5t ,provid5ce1 9 ! exi/5ce ( a s\l1 & 9 a spiritual life indep5d5t ( ! body is ! outcome ( deg5]ate m5tal p[]s4 ,! views t by su* means he endeav\rs to impose ^u 8 read]s mean t man1 be+ an organic me*anism1 ceases to exi/ :5 he dies4 ,if ?is be s1 !re is no p]sonal responsibility1 & only t man w\ld be wise1 rational1 undeg5]ate1 :o s arranges 8 life t he may live long1 keep 9 good heal?1 & enjoy all ! pleasures t he desires1 be !y noble or ignoble4 ,to te/1 !n1 :e!r a man :o is1 :o believes he is1 or m]ely poses z1 a disbeliev] 9 future responsibility1 we ought to exam9e h[ he regulates 8 life4 ,only 9 ?is mann] c we discov] to :at an ext5t he is influ5c$--to use ,nordau's own language--by ! inh]it$ t5d5cies to wor%ip lurk+ some:]e 9 ! inn]mo/ recesses ( 8 consci\sness1 or1 to use our own language1 by ! in/9ctive feel+ ( p]sonal responsibility :i* has *>act]iz$ humanity 9 e /age ( b>b>ism & civilization4 ,! fact t a great _m sci5ti/s1 includ+ ,nordau1 d n live z if !y 7 p]fectly conv9c$ ( ! non-exi/5ce ( p]sonal responsibility beyond ! grave1 requires q a diff]5t k9d ( explanation ?an t g5]ally af=d$1 be=e we ab&on ! belief t !y are self-deceiv]s4 ,! moral sci5ti/s !mselves h f\nd ! necessity ( "s explanation1 & ?is is :at !y say1 ?\gh p]haps 9 o!r words3 8,we d n believe 9 any responsibility beyond ! grave1 b we d :at we ?9k our duty to humanity4 ,we %\ld be sorry & a%am$ to be actuat$ by a fe> ( puni%m5t or ! desire = rew>d1 & n to d :at is "r & good = ! sake ( ! "r & ! good40 ,?is s\nds v beautiful1 b too boa/ful almo/ to be accept$ z ! b>e tru?4 ,"s ( !m :o are aw>e ( ?is1 or :o are g5u9ely too mode/ to ?us /& =w>d z demi-gods1 add3 8,9 liv+ & act+ z we d1 & want+ o!rs to live & to act 9 ! same way1 we are n m unselfi%1 nor morally bett]1 ?an o!rs4 ,we are only wis]2 9 fact1 m intellectually selfi%4 ,& all we desire ( o!r p is t !y %\ld be intellectually selfi%4 ,9 ex]cis+ self-control & devotion to o!rs1 we d n deprive ourselves ( pleasures & enjoym5ts1 because mo/ ( ^! come to u f our surr\nd+s & f society at l>ge4 ,= :at we d = our wives & families1 we get love 9 return2 = :at we d = society & ! race1 we get two rew>ds3 fir/ly1 e/eem & reputation1 p]haps money2 &1 secondly1 all ! social advantages :i* are valuable to u 9 ! same proportion z society is 9 a heal?y /ate40 ,?is seems highly conv9c+1 b x does n by f> cov] ! :ole gr\nd4 ,:oev] has /udi$ our times well kn[s t a man c secure = himself1 & ev5 = 8 family & fri5ds1 enorm\s advantages by disreg>d+ & violat+ ! int]e/s & moral rights ( o!rs1 & also t1 :5 :olesale rascality succe$s1 :5 x is productive ( great weal?1 great social & political p[]1 x also secures e/eem & reputation4 ,!re are1 ( c\rse1 m5 9 positions1 ! /ock-9-trade ( :i* consi/s 9 hone/y & ev5 philan?ropy2 b !re are o!rs1 & millions ( !m1 :o c\ld1 "u ! pres5t social sy/ems ( ! _w1 amass =tunes & rise to di/9ction by sy/ematic robb]y4 ,?\s&s ( cases c\ld be /at$ 9 pro( ( ! fact t1 9 ! abs5ce ( ! belief 9 responsibility aft] dea?1 selfi%ness w prompt m5 to hurt _! fell[-be+s & society 9 ord] to secure money1 p[]1 & reputation = !mselves4 ,take ! case ( a poor lab\r] :o1 9 ! usual c\rse1 w "w & suff] dur+ 8 :ole life & die 9 pov]ty4 ,to escape su* a de/9y _m roads are op5 to him if he h c\rage1 exceptional ability1 & no belief 9 a h]eaft]4 ,he c\ld commit a v>iety ( crimes 9 ord] to give him a />t 9 life )\t ! slighte/ *ance ( be+ detect$1 & )\t exp]i5c+ ! smalle/ inconv5i5ce dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,he might ev5 avoid viol5t & vulg> crimes1 & op]ate 9 a saf] mann]4 ,he might blackmail a ri* man4 ,he might 9 w> betray 8 c\ntry4 ,he might sell himself to a corrupt political p>ty4 ,he might jo9 ! army ( "s selfi% sov]eign b5t on conque/ & plund]1 & ga9 a high position4 ,or he might pursue yet saf] me?ods4 ,he might turn fir/ a usur]1 !n a f9anci]4 ,he might keep a degrad+ public-h\se1 or a gigantic immoral place ( amusem5t4 ,he might issue a debas+ newspap]1 write corrupt+ books & dramatic pieces4 ,provid$ he does n expose himself to ! hatr$1 contempt1 & ev5 ! unfav\rable criticism ( 8 fell[-be+s1 or injure 8 heal?1 !re is positively no?+ to prev5t him f adopt+ all ^! c\rses to ! great detrim5t ( humanity1 s long z he is p]fectly sure t he %all n be call$ to acc\nt aft] dea?4 ,:at "s ( our sci5ti/s =get is t v few p are 9 ! same position z !y !mselves are1 :]e respectability & quasi-philan?ropy pay2 b1 on ! contr>y1 t ! great majority live "u ! con/ant temptation to secure weal?1 heal?1 e/eem1 & reputation by means :i* are injuri\s to society4 ,to su* argum5ts !y c only reply t ! man1 h[ev] successful1 :o atta9s 8 success by anti-social means runs a risk ( ru9+ ! happ9ess ( 8 life by loss ( self-respect4 ,b1 if ! man has a consci5ce1--& he c\ld n lose 8 self-respect )\t "o1--x c\ld n tr\ble him s long z he 0 conv9c$ t he _h done ! be/ = himself4 ,by br++ ! consci5ce at all into ! discussion1 ! sci5ti/s fall back on an emotion :i* has be5 always intimately associat$ ) ! s5se ( p]sonal responsibility1 & :i* !y !mselves h be5 compell$1 9 ord] to protect _! !ories1 to d5y absolutely z an in/9ct or to repres5t z ! result ( religi\s education4 ,= ?is reason1 ,nordau w\ld n call t in/9ct 9 man :i* prompts him to live & act morally--an in/9ct :i* is ! orig9al motor ( all moral progress--consci5ce4 ,he w\ld probably pref] to call x ! social in/9ct4 ,b names matt] little4 ,! ess5tial po9t is1 t !re exi/s 9 man's consci\sness a /rong in/9ct :i* _c be reason$ away4 ,?is in/9ct is intimately connect$ ) ano!r1 )\t :i* x w\ld nev] h produc$ ! results we see ar\nd u--namely1 ! in/9ct t ! ,ego is imp]i%able4 ,no "o w\ld d5y ! univ]sal exi/5ce ( ?is in/9ct1 b pl5ty ( sci5ti/s1 :ile ackn[l$g+ x z an inh]it$ t5d5cy1 w\ld d5y x any value z an argum5t 9 fav\r ( ! immortality ( ! ,ego1 on ! gr\nd t a hazy1 unreason$1 & utt]ly inexplicable ye>n+ ne$ n h a di/9ct goal4 ,! in/9ct ( human be+s is a subject :i* has be5 v mu* neglect$ by sci5ce1 & = ! good reason t1 :atev] in/9cts may be natural to man1 !y h be5 c>efully smo!r$ by tea*+s1 examples1 & exp]i5ce1 all appeal+ to 8 reason f infancy upw>ds4 ,he nev] uses1 nev] tries1 & nev] suspects ! exi/5ce ( 8 in/9cts1 & :5 accid5tally !y lead him "r1 he reg>ds ! fact z a delusion1 & ev5 avoids m5tion+ x f a fe> ( be+ laugh$ at4 ,?is has h[ev] n prev5t$ m51 & (t5 rem>kable m51 f be+ guid$ by _! in/9cts2 only x is call$ feel+1 ta/e1 luck4 ,!re are examples ( m5 :o owe ! great] "p ( _! success to in/9ctive feel+1 & :o h committ$ great mi/akes by hav+ tru/$ too mu* to x4 ,besides x is g5]ally believ$ t wom5's in/9cts are cle> & tru/wor?y1 & _m m5 consid] !mselves to h be5 l>gely b5efit$ by consult+ !m4 ,b1 9 ord] to get at a true appreciation ( ! value & p[] ( in/9cts1 we mu/ g to ! animals4 ,:at else b in/9ct c\ld we call ! feel+ :i* all[s ! c>ri]-pigeon to f9d its way f ,london to ,p>is 9 an atmosph]e ( d>kness & fog :i* w\ld r5d] x impossible = ! mo/ exp]i5c$ m>9] to di/+ui% betwe5 nor? & s\?4 ,x is a well-kn[n fact t dogs & ev5 cats t h be5 left beh9d by _! own]s h foll[$ !m at great di/ances1 ?\gh ! own] has gone by rail or wat] & ! animal has _h to f9d its way across c\ntry4 ,9 face ( su* facts & consid]ations1 no man :o has n a /rong bias w\ld sugge/ t an in/9ct t is g5]al to humanity ne$ n be he$$4 ,! in/9ct ( p]sonal responsibility _c be re-*ri/5$ social in/9ct & !n m9imis$ by ! ass]tion t ! social in/9ct is ! outcome ( reason1 ! s5se ( self-pres]vation1 & intellig5t selfi%ness3 = 9 t case ! poor lab\r] :o want$ to become weal?y & fam\s1 z in/anc$ above1 c\ld be z evil z he lik$ s long z he 0 successful1 & c\ld n be re/ra9$ by ! social in/9ct1 b only by consci5ce1 or 9 o!r words1 ! feel+ ( unlimit$ p]sonal responsibility4 ,a!i/ic sci5ti/s :o lead a moral & useful life _c hold !mselves up z a patt]n ( results produc$ by social in/9cts1 because 9 ! great majority ( m51 plac$ diff]5tly1 ^! in/9cts w\ld p]mit !m to injure society to an enorm\s ext5t4 ,nor does ! ass]tion ( ^! sci5ti/s be> ! /amp ( s9c]ity :5 !y say3 8,behold u1 we h no belief 9 p]sonal responsibility beyond ! grave4 ,& yet we lab\r & run risks = ! good ( humanity4 ,we sacrifice our "t1 our money1 our heal? = o!rs1 & we rema9 poor :ile we c\ld be ri*4 ,our life is ! outcome ( intellig5t selfi%ness40 ,!y w\ld h a bett] *ance ( conv9c+ u if !y said3 8,life aft] dea? is impossible4 ,we prove by our lives t we believe ?is4 ,our moral lives & our humanit>ianism are %e] hypocrisy :i* we practise 9 ord] to get e/eem & fame4 ,! books we write are n true1 b !y br+ u money1 & we d n c>e h[ mu* evil we inflict on humanity by ripp+ away ! only f\ndation on :i* its morality & happ9ess c be built1 :ile ! sub/itute :i* we supply is wor?less4 ,we might h av]t$ an imm5se am\nt ( vice & degradation by leav+ old religions alone until ! ,religion ( ,humanity 0 p]fect en\gh to replace !m4 ,b we attack !m n[ because 9 ?is way we make money & fame40 ,x is n ! well-mean+1 plodd+ sci5ti/1 /riv+ to arre/ disease1 less5 pa91 & dispel sup]/ition1 t c b\nce u into ! belief 9 p]sonal irresponsibility4 ,?is c\ld only be done by real fle%-&-blood ,ducs des ,esse9tes1 m5 l ! h]o 9 ,huysman's novel1 ,a ,reb\rs4 ,?is au?or1 :om ,nordau classes among drivell+ imbeciles1 has %[n t he has a cle>] idea ?an our clev] ali5i/ :at type ( m5 ! c]titude ( p]sonal irresponsibility c\ld produce4 ,we are fully conv9c$ t ,nordau is no ,duc des ,esse9tes at he>t1 masqu]ad+ z a b5efactor ( humanity1 &1 if he boa/s a little ( 8 good int5tions & n at all ( 8 wick$ness1 x is because he believes t :at he does is "r1 & does x because he is prompt$ by t /rong s5se ( p]sonal responsibility :i* 8 sci5tific prejudices & 8 lack ( logical p[] cause him to d5y4 ,hav+ /riv5 by 8vigor\s affirmations0 to implant ! belief 9 8 read]s' m9ds t !y h no ,ego indep5d5t ( _! body1 & t !y consequ5tly are fatally doom$ to become :at _! defective bra9s & n]ves are b\nd to make !m1 he proce$s ) ano!r s]ies ( 8vigor\s affirmations10 t deg5]ation is on ! increase1 t x is *>act]i/ic ( ! end ( ! c5tury1 t ! m5 :om we take = g5iuses are mattoids1 & f9ally1 t ! :ole ( our we/]n civilization is deg5]ate4 ,we h1 9 prec$+ *apt]s1 tri$ to %[ h[ he has neglect$ to pay any att5tion to ! _m signs all ov] ! civiliz$ _w indicat+ an increase 9 m5tal & moral p[]s2 h[ he endeav\rs to ov]:elm 8 read]s by comp>isons betwe5 ! symptoms 9 real deg5]ates1 or lunatics1 & simil> symptoms--accompani$ h[ev] by p]fect rationality & great intellig5ce--9 au?ors & arti/s1 & concludes t !y are z mad z ! madman4 ,he tries to =ce ?is conclusion on ! unw>y read] by simply ignor+ all o!r gr\nds = ecc5tricity t w\ld h be5 tak5 into acc\nt by an unbiass$ enquir]4 ,let u in/ance ! way 9 :i* he judges ,zola4 ,he nev] = an in/ant reg>ds him z a free ag5t1 b speaks ( him z a pati5t suff]+ f erotic madness & o!r bra9 & n]ve affections1 :i* compel ! noveli/ to write1 & to write exactly 9 ! ve9 he does4 ,! v idea t human be+s %\ld be ?us subject$ to all k9ds ( irresi/ible impulses produces ! same gruesome impression z ! old /ories ( demoniacal possession4 ,nordau might z well h describ$ ,zola z a man hat+ above all ?+s ! writ+ ( novels1 ) a natural repugnance = any?+ sav\r+ ( ! obsc5e1 compell$ by a demon 9 possession ( 8 body & 8 s\l to write ! hi/ory ( ! ,r\geon-,maqu>ts & o!r di/a/eful works4 ,on ! c>eful read] ! impression w\ld h be5 precisely ! same4 ,b no numb] ( 8vigor\s affirmations0 w\ld h induc$ ev5 ! mo/ weak-m9d$ ( read]s to h accept$ ! demon1 :ile ,zola's eroticism & 8 mis*iev\s olfactory n]ves may h impr9t$ !mselves ^u ! m9ds ( "s by d9t ( sci5tific diss]tation4 ,:ile x w\ld seem to mo/ p rational to /udy ,zola's "* & ! /ate ( 8 m9d1 9 ord] to =m a correct idea ( ! objects he has 9 view1 ,nordau1 by 8 me?od ( suppos+ t a writ] is n a free ag5t1 b is compell$ to exhibit = ! read]s ( 8 works ! inn]mo/ recesses ( 8 consci\sness1 proce$s 9 ! opposite mann]3 he evolves ! *>act]s ( writ]s f ! *>act]s ( _! books4 ,f :at he says ab\t ,zola1 "o feels incl9$ to conclude t ?is au?or devotes ! l>ge am\nts he makes by 8 writ+s to ! gratification ( be/ial lu/s1 liv+ 9 a k9d ( h>em ( degrad$ wom51 rapidly de/roy+ by debau* e sp>k ( intellig5ce left 9 8 tott]+ bra94 ,we d n "k ,m4 ,zola p]sonally1 b f :at we he>1 he seems to live a quiet & labori\s life ) 8 wife 9 a peaceful c\ntry h\se1 & f> f sp5d+ 8 e>n+s 9 riot\s liv+1 he banks !m z a res]ve = old age1 :i* he seems likely to atta94 ,:5 h[ev] a man's private life & rational att5tion to 8 own bus9ess seem to cla% conspicu\sly ) ,nordau's diagnoses1 8 s]5ity & self-confid5ce are n 9 ! slighte/ degree di/urb$1 because he has giv5 8 description to ! man's t5d5cy 9 a 8psy*iatric s5se10 & has ref]r$ to ! man's actual life4 ,b ! discrepancy betwe5 ! au?or's actual life & ! life he1 accord+ to ,nordau1 ought to lead1 is n an ext5uat+ circum/ance 9 ! eyes ( s h>% a judge z our ali5i/4 ,on ! contr>y1 x aggravates ! s5t5ce1 = if ! accus$ au?or is n 9 reality ! mon/] he ought to be1 x is simply because 8 att5uat$ physique does n all[ ( x1 & drives him ?r\gh all 8 debau*]ies 9 8 imag9ation4 ,we d n admire su* lit]ature z ,zola has put =?1 & d n believe t x has accompli%$ "o iota ( ! good at :i* its au?or1 accord+ to 8 admir]s1 aims4 ,b all rational m5 %\ld be> 9 m9d t su* books are sure indications t !re is some?+ rott5 9 ! ,/ate4 ,to asc]ta9 to :at an ext5t ! circum/ances surr\nd+ ! au?or are capable ( induc+ a s\nd-m9d$ man l ,zola to write su* books1 be=e jump+ to ! conclusion t su* au?ors are lunatics1 w\ld be ! me?od adopt$ by s9c]e se>*]s aft] tru?4 ,a rapid survey ( ! circum/ances "u :i* ,zola began to write w at once %[ t ! inborn eroticism & ev5 coprolalia :i* ,nordau tries to foi/ ^u ,zola 7 n ! only influ5ces to :i* he 0 subject$4 ,9 ,p>is1 z 9 all great capitals1 !re is a ho/ ( "y ambiti\s littrateurs :o compete = ! att5tion n only ( ! public b ( ! publi%]s4 ,x is f> f c]ta9 t ! books :i* mo/ please ! public w\ld be mo/ acceptable to ! publi%]s1 & ! latt] are1 !re=e1 to a great ext5t responsible = ! /ate ( lit]ature4 ,nordau says t ,m4 ,alphonse ,lem]re 0 able to make ,p>nassians1 z ! editor1 ,cotta1 9 ! fir/ half ( ! c5tury1 made ,g]man classics2 & he is "r4 ,a ,p>isian publi%] has ! p[] to make pornographic au?ors j z well z ,p>nassians4 ,he is a bus9ess man1 & ( c\rse wi%es to obta9 a l>ge circulation = 8 books1 &1 !re=e1 is on ! look-out = au?ors :o are s5sational "o way or ano!r4 ,at ! "t ,zola began to write1 ! obsc5e novel 0 beg9n+ to be fa%ionable4 ,paul de ,kock & 8 imitators _h become old-fa%ion$1 & ! corruption ( ! ,?ird ,empire1 z well z ! spread ( sci5tific a!ism1 _h creat$ a dem& = some?+ raci] ?an ! peccadilloes ( light-he>t$ viveurs4 ,besides1 pessimism 0 9 ! asc5dant1 & erotic lit]ature _h to be morbid in/ead ( gallant & gay4 ,sev]al au?ors ( great ability1 b /rongly influ5c$ by ! pessimism ( ! "t1 & ) ! field ( _! e?ical /udies limit$ to ! ,p>isian b\lev>ds & ! ,qu>ti] ,br$a1 _h pav$ ! way = t false reali/ic lit]ature ( :i* ,zola's writ+ may be call$ ! climax4 ,! publi%]s1 kn[+ _! m>ket1 7 eag] to accept books ( an obsc5e "*1 provid$ !y 7 s]i\s & writt5 9 a philosophical _s4 ,zola may h se5 8 way to eclipse any?+ writt5 9 t /yle1 & be+ himself a *ild ( 8 "t1--mat]iali/1 & n]v\sly incl9$ to exagg]ation1--may h seiz$ ^u ! *ance ( mak+ money & fame1 ?\gh he probably =esaw t 8 fir/ novels w\ld expose him to ! execration ( ! ,phili/9es & ! respectable _w4 ,he might also h =ese5 t "o day he w\ld be able to e/abli% a suffici5t fame to be receiv$ by ,engli% littrateurs z a g5ius ( 8 "t4 ,if1 !re=e1 ,zola's object 0 to pu% himself to ! front 9 ! mann] we "h suppose him to h done1 he has c]ta9ly succe$$--a fact :i* c\ld n e/abli% 8 intellectual degradation4 ,he simply yield$ to a trem5d\s temptation1 & if he did s "u ! impression t ! sci5ti/s _h completely prov$ ! non-exi/5ce ( p]sonal responsibility1 ,nordau %\ld be ! la/ to blame him4 ,b !re is n ! slighte/ necessity to assume--nor d we assume--t ,zola yield$ to any temptation at all4 ,on ! contr>y1 x is p]fectly possible t1 9 writ+ ! books he has1 he s9c]ely believ$ t he 0 s]v+ "s good purpose4 ,kn[+ h[ _m o!r ,fr5*m5 feel 9 ?is respect1 we might well suppose t he reason$ some:at 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,religion is wrong1 & a fraud practis$ by ! clev] on ! simple-m9d$4 ,! control :i* ! ,*ur* has assum$ ov] ! relations ( ! sexes is "o ( ! means by :i* x reta9s its p[]1 & is fraught ) imm5se unhapp9ess to ! p4 ,! sep>ation ( ! sexes1 & ! dev\t dec5cy :i* refra9s f op5ly speak+ or writ+ ab\t sexual subjects1 di/ort ! p's ideas1 inflame _! imag9ation1 & tempt !m into unheal?y vice4 ,nature is n s9ful4 ,x is ei!r ! only div9ity we h1 or x is creat$ by ! ,almighty1 & 9 ?is case x is holy4 ,to yield rationally to its dictates is !re=e no s94 ,books %\ld !re=e be writt5 to prove ?is po9t1 & at ! same "t accu/om ! p to look ^u nature & its laws )\t %ame1 )\t hypocrisy1 & )\t runn+ ! risk ( be+ ov]p[]$ by wild passions4 ,9 ?is way humanity may be elevat$1 because x w be frank & natural1 & religion1 :i* sci5ce has prov$ to be inimical to humanity1 w lose its influ5ce4 ,we are n say+ t ,zola's ideas ran 9 ?is groove1 only t x is possible t !y did4 ,if !y did1 he w\ld h be5 utt]ly wrong2 b he w\ld n h be5 ! fir/ nor ! la/ man ^: views h be5 influ5c$ by 8 int]e/s4 ,no man :o kn[s bo? ,france & ,engl& bett] ?an ,nordau seems to d c\ld = "o mom5t d\bt t _h ,zola be5 born & educat$ 9 ,engl&1 :]e ! surr\nd+s are s va/ly diff]5t to ^? ( ,france1 he w\ld h writt5 books ( q a diff]5t "*1 & probably free f obsc5ity4 ,if ?is be true1 x con/itutes ano!r reason :y ! surr\nd+ circum/ances ( an au?or %\ld be consid]$ be=e x is ass]t$ t inborn deg5]ation is alone responsible = ! blemi%es ( 8 "w4 ,nordau himself po9ts out t ! fa%ion :i* br\ght ,zola to ! front is on ! decl9e1 & t 8 influ5ce is on ! wane4 ,if s1 x only proves h[ limit$ ! influ5ce ( su* suppos$ deg5]ates really is1 & t--at lea/ ) reg>d to ,zola--,nordau's book is out too late1 & ^? :o h be5 deeply impress$ by 8 8vigor\s affirmations0 ab\t ! m5tal decay ( ! race ne$ n despond4 ,ov] & ov] aga9 civilization & society h be5 ?reat5$ by new & app>5tly dang]\s t5d5cies1 b !y h g5]ally culm9at$ 9 absurd exagg]ations1 & h ?us lo/ _! pot5cy4 ,:o kn[s :e!r ,zola1 ?r\gh ! wisdom t ! ye>s br+1 w n *ange 8 op9ions1 & ) !m 8 ve9 ( writ+8 ,we feel morally c]ta9 t he is n[ engag$ on "s novel entirely free f ^? erotic allusions :i* ,nordau says he _c avoid--a book z pure z ! fir/ "p ( ,la ,joie de ,vivre2 & if he does1 :at w become ( ,nordau's imp]i\s dogmas8 ,ano!r ( ^? features ( ,nordau's "w :i* /rongly impresses 8 read]s is s]i\sness4 ,he speaks ?r\gh\t 9 t grave & solemn tone--! ,s-spake-!-,"l /yle--:i* nev] yet fail$ to impress sup]ficial read]s4 ,he is anxi\s to convey ! impression t if he has to say unpleasant ?+s x is because 8 tea*+s are mom5t\s to humanity1 & n because he wi%es to be s5sational4 ,he condesc5ds to speak ab\t poetry1 drama1 & music1 b he pla9ly %[s x to be 8 op9ion t all ^! are vanities1 & h>dly wor?y to occupy a great man's ?\ghts4 ,he aims at cru%+ ) 8 contempt bo? arti/s & poets1 ! :ole h]d :o h neglect$ sci5ce1 & :o try to div]t ! att5tion ( humanity f ?is all-important subject4 ,he w\ld sc>e u ) ! ?reat t1 :5 sci5ce has elevat$ humanity = a little long]1 su* frivolities z poetry1 music1 & danc+ w be relegat$ to ! nurs]y4 ,gr[n-up m5 & wom51 :o n[ indulge 9 su* pa/imes1 are made to feel t !y belong to deg5]ates1 & t !y only prove _! folly if !y look ^u !mselves ) any self-respect4 ,he endeav\rs to deprive love betwe5 p]sons ( ! two sexes ( its poetical reality1 & to wrap x 9 a gloomy sci5tific misconception by reg>d+ x z a feel+ ( comrade%ip gr[n out ( habit1 or z ! same sexual in/9ct z 9 animals4 ,! pure & real love :i* p]meates life1 :i* gives to man 8 manhood1 & to woman h] true womanhood1 :i* has creat$ ! home & !re=e ! ,/ate--?is love he d5ies1 & expects s]i\s-m9d$ read]s to look ^u ! _w-ph5om5on & ! drama ( humanity depriv$ ( _! *ief elem5ts--light1 heat1 & motion4 ,he speaks ( ! t5d5cy 9 m5 & wom5 to take _! own life :5 its burd5s out-balance its pleasures z calmly z if suicide 7 ! usual exit f our e>?ly exi/5ce4 ,nordau ?us obta9s "p ( 8 success by ! same me?ods z ^? s freely adopt$ by ! gloomy1 ana!matis+ prea*]s--rapidly becom+ types ( ! pa/--:o1 by ?reats ( ! devil & hell-fire1 aim at compell+ _! he>]s to turn _! att5tion f ?is _w 9 ord] to brood exclusively on dismal dogmas4 ,he w\ld fa9 bani% f our m9ds all t appeals to :at is true/ )9 u--our imag9ation & our emotions1--z ! kill-joy fanatics 9 ! pulpit h bani%$ f our villages ! maypole1 ! dance on ! gre51 & ! =feit game4 ,he is mu* mi/ak5 if he believes t by su* means he c 9 our days produce a la/+ impression on ! common-s5se & int5sely human ,engli% m9d4 ,"h & !re he may drive "s cl\d$ s\l into neo-,ca?olicism1 & augm5t ! ranks ( ! ,symboli/s & ! ,decad5ts1 b he w only make ! morbid m morbid1 or morbid 9 a diff]5t mood4 ,! h>d-work+ & enlight5$ ,engli%man does n apply himself savagely to 8 bus9ess = bus9ess' sake4 ,nor does he enc\rage sci5tific progress = ! sake ( sci5ce4 ,:5 he consid]s himself1 & is consid]$ by o!rs1 an em95tly practical man1 x is because he kn[s :at he aims at1 & uses1 /udies1 & enc\rages ! mo/ effective & prompte/ means to atta9 8 ends4 ,b ! secret & ! ess5ce ( ?is ,engli% practicality lies 9 ! fact t 8 aims1 s cle> & s precise1 are det]m9$ by 8 imag9ation1 8 emotions1 & 8 in/9cts4 ,unlike ! ,g]man :o despairs ( realiz+ 8 ideal1 ! ,engli%man has x 9 8 imag9ation z cle>ly be=e him z ! ar*itect has ! plans1 elevations1 & sections ( ! palace he is go+ to build4 ,he does n beg9 to build until he is conv9c$ t e detail is correct4 ,no?+ disc\rages him m ?an ! spoil+ & blurr+ ( 8 ideals2 he /ops 8 "w1 z does ! build] :5 8 draw+s are lo/1 or f\nd impracticable4 ,x is va9 = ,nordau to try to p]suade ! av]age ,engli%man1 be he educat$ or n1 t ! enjoym5ts :i* en*ant him 9 8 y\? %all n ca/ _! roseate hue ov] ! re/ ( 8 days4 ,poetry1 music1 ! drama1 are "p & p>cel ( ! pleasures ! ,engli% p look =w>d to :5 bus9ess has suppli$ !m ) ! means ( enjoy+ !m 9 ! exp5sive =m 9 :i*1 ) u1 un=tunately1 !y are alone obta9able 9 p]fection4 ,x is n only su* enjoym5ts z educat$ p ( all ages appreciate :i* = an ,engli%man reta9 a life-long *>m4 ,ev5 8 boyi% ta/es give ze/ to 8 life1 s long z he reta9s 8 faculties4 ,at t5 ye>s ( age he reads1 raves1 & dreams ab\t horses & dogs2 at sev5ty he rides to h\nds1 & at a /ill m advanc$ age he p>takes 9 all ! excitem5ts ( ! racec\rse4 ,z a boy he reads ab\t travels & adv5tures2 at middle age1 or ev5 lat]1 we f9d him travell+ all ov] ! _w 9 que/ ( big & small game4 ,cricket1 football1 boat+1 & a?letics 9 g5]al repres5t ! life ( ,engli% boys1 & f> into old age !y c seldom refra9 f glanc+ at ! sport+ columns ( _! pap]1 :i* to a =eign] appe> z int]e/+ z ! dulle/ ( dull m>ket reports2 :ile a?letic sports are witness$ by ev]-gr[+ cr[ds ( p ( all ages1 :o wat* ! proce$+s ) a ze/ z int5se z t ( ! ,spani>d wat*+ a bullfight4 ,& to p :o ?us enjoy _! lives1 ,nordau w\ld say3 8,y are deg5]ates1 because y enjoy *ildi% ?+s4 ,put !m beh9d y1 & rise to my level4 ,take a seat at ! table ( sci5ce1 :]e we w %[ y by dissection1 & by vivisection1 ! m9ute/ details ( ! entrails ( ^? creatures :i*1 9 ! fulness ( _! life1 9 ! beauty ( _! =m1 af=d y a *ildi% delight40 ,if su* be ! road to reg5]ation1 only ! weak-m9d$ among ! ,engli% p w ent] ^u x4 ,?\s&s might mom5t>ily exp]i5ce a depression--a gloom simil> to t produc$ by ! fulm9at+ & damnation-deal+ prea*] "o meets ) 9 c\ntry di/ricts4 ,! dismal appe>ance ( ! orator1 8 description ( hell1 ( an accurs$ _w1 ( ! n>r[ way to salvation1 z well z ! sc>$ faces 9 ! d>k & dank little *ur*1 may evoke a gruesome mood :ile ! s]mon la/s4 ,b on com+ out into ! summ] air1 into ! mid/ ( ! revivify+ sun%9e1 ( ! ru/l+ trees1 radiant fl[]s1 s++ birds1 danc+ butt]flies1 & s(tly humm+ bees1 ! heal?y-m9d$ ( ! congregation exp]i5ce a s5se ( relief & joy2 = ! un*>itable condemnation ( ! ascetic prea*] is p[]fully contradict$ by ! direct & unmi/akable language 9 :i* nature appeals to man's emotions4 ,! depress+ effect ( ,nordau's book is enhanc$ by 8 o/5tati\s display ( k1 & by ! absolute fai? he himself has 9 x4 ,he foll[s ! me?ods ( wily political speak]s4 ,^! h a way ( pil+ pro(s ^u pro(s 9 ord] to demon/rate ! tru? ( su* po9ts z are almo/ self-evid5t2 & :5 !y h ?us e/abli%$ among _! audi5ce a confid5ce 9 _! logic1 !y slur ov] ! weak po9ts1 take = grant$ t ev]y?+ is prov$1 & draw a plausible conclusion devoid ( any direct connection ) ! argum5ts4 ,a po/ma/]-g5]al1 = example1 does n wi% to be bo!r$ ) ! r$uction ( po/age1 &1 9 ord] to resi/ su* a proposal1 he w deliv] a l5g?y h>angue to %[ t ! "w ( ! po/-(fice is useful to ! public1 t x _c be well adm9i/]$ )\t suffici5t rev5ue1 ! necessity ( keep+ a complete /aff1 ! impossibility ( r$uc+ wages & sal>ies1 & _m o!r po9ts :i* are p]fectly cle> )\t demon/ration4 ,he w !n sudd5ly conclude t ! po/-(fice works at pres5t ) v small means1 & t1 if ^? means are fur!r r$uc$1 disorganization & disord] may ensue4 ,to be able to draw ?is conclusion1 he has to take = grant$ t ! r$uc$ po/age w\ld mean r$uc$ income to ! po/-(fice1 :ile 9 reality x may mean ! v contr>y4 ,9 ! same way ,nordau gives u pages ^u pages 9 ord] to %[ u su* facts z psy*ological sci5ce has e/abli%$1 & !n boldly elicits suppos$ facts :i* sci5ce nev] has & may nev] be able to prove4 ,we h already giv5 pl5ty ( in/ances ( ?is1 & !y ne$ n be ref]r$ to aga94 ,8 c>eful m9ut5ess 9 psy*ological matt]s (t5 induces ! unw>y read] to accept 8 unprov$ /atem5ts purport+ to repres5t facts drawn f o!r bran*es ( k4 ,?us1 = example1 he speaks ( matt]s p]ta9+ to sociology1 economy1 adm9i/ration1 & politics1 z if he 7 a univ]sally ackn[l$g$ au?ority on ^! subjects4 ,x w suffice1 h[ev]1 to read 8 plan = arre/+ ! spread ( deg5]ation to und]/& at once on :at feeble f\ndations 8 app>5t omnisci5ce re/s4 ,8 idea ( an ideal social ord] is an impossible amalgamation ( sociali/ic z well z communi/ic fallacies4 ,:ile he reta9s ! absurd po/ulate ( ! ,sociali/s1 t a p]fect ,gov]nm5t c\ld be e/abli%$1 di/ribut+ all ! weal? ( ! nation among individuals1 he indulges he$lessly 9 ! communi/ic delusion t ^? :o accumulate "u ! pres5t sy/em w\ld cont9ue to accumulate weal? at ! same rate :5 ! ,gov]nm5t confiscates all =tunes left by deceas$ individuals4 ,he does n see t p "u su* a sy/em w\ld take v good c>e to dispose ( _! prop]ty be=e !y die1 a c\rse :i* ev5 ! ,g]man police c\ld n prev5t4 ,he does n insi/ on ^! errors1 b !y come out di/9ctly z indisp5sable l9ks 9 ! association ( ideas1 und]ly+ 8 views reg>d+ ! anti-semiti/ movem5t1 ! dang]s ( individual lib]ty1 ! be/ial prop5sities ( ! masses1 & ! necessity ( a ,gov]nm5t compos$ ( /rong-m9d$ sci5tific m54 ,x is only too easy to see t 9 all 8 sugge/ions ( work+ out ! t]re/rial p>adise ( humanity1--:i* "o day1 accord+ to him1 w be ! outcome ( sci5ce1--he is guid$ entirely by prejudice & feel+4 ,9 summ+ up :at he has said on ?is subject1 8 ideal social ord] pres5ts itself to our m9ds z unfree1 completely subject$ b well-c>$-= masses b5evol5tly gov]n$ by s5ates ( /rong-m9d$1 sci5tifically educat$ m5--! ,jews4 ,! gloom & unre/ call$ =? by ,nordau's "w 9 n]v\s m9ds no d\bt ga9 9 /r5g? f ! app>5tly p[]ful p]sonality beh9d x4 ,b x suffices1 z we h %[n1 to dive/ ?is impos+ giant ( 8 assum$ p[] 9 ord] to escape f 8 influ5ce4 ,nordau1 _h he n done s be=e1 reveals himself unmi/akably 9 ! v la/ s5t5ce ( 8 book z "o l>gely beset by human frailties :51 9 self-glorification1 he quotes ! words ( him ^: "w he s /r5u\sly attempts to und]m9e & oppose4 ,9 ord] to assure 8 read]s t 8 object1 z a sci5ti/1 is to b5efit humanity1 to lead x f>!r on ! road on :i* religion1 s mu* contemn$ by him1 has already tak5 x "s di/ance1 he quotes ,*ri/'s words3 8,?9k n t ,i h come to de/roy ! law or ! prophets2 ,i h n come to de/roy1 b to fulfil40 ,we "h refra9 f ! temptation to write half a doz5 pages 9 ord] to %[1 9 ,nordau's own mann]1 h[1 by quot+ f ! ,scriptures1 by appeal+ to fai? & emotion1 by comp>+ himself to ,*ri/1 he is symbolic ) ,paul ,v]la9e1 he is my/ical ) ! neo-,ca?olics1 he is emotional ) ,rossetti1 he is an egomaniac ) ! ,diaboli/s1 & a megalomaniac ) ,wagn]4 ,b we refra91 & only say t he is human4 ,,*apt] ,,xii ,,reg5]ation ,if ! manifold discussions :i* h rag$ ar\nd ! "q ( human progress h fail$ to e/abli% a cons5sus ( op9ion1 x is l>gely due to ! abs5ce ( any exact def9ition ( ! t]m progress4 ,!re c be no d\bt ab\t our advance 9 sci5ce4 ,! trite ref]5ces to ! use we make ( /eam1 ( :i* ! anci5t sages knew s little z to call x smoke1 e/abli%es ?is beyond ! possibility ( d5ial4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 our advance 9 lit]ature & art has be5 crab-l2 = x has be5 accompli%$ ) our face turn$ t[>ds antiquity4 ,to set up ideals out ( ! actualities ( ! pa/ involves ! recognition t we1 z a race1 /& l[] ?an we h done be=e1 or at lea/ at "o "t we h slid$ backw>ds & n yet retriev$ ! lo/ gr\nd4 ,! progress ( humanity1 ) all its deviations & backslid+s1 may appe> z "o decid$ m>* onw>ds1 if we look ^u our ideals1 pluck$ f ! pa/1 z s _m pegs ?r[n out into ! di/ant future dem>cat+ ! gr\nd to be occupi$ by ! road ( civilization4 ,! ,greeks %[$ u1 z 9 a fla%1 & )9 a limit$ space1 ideals ( poetry & art1 & s9ce ! "t ( ! ,r5aissance we h be5 /riv+ to atta9 !m4 ,*ri/ has be5 ! moral ideal held up to u = well-nigh n9ete5 hundr$ ye>s2 b ?is we are s f> f hav+ realiz$1 z to be fill$ ) d\bt :e!r1 9 our awkw>d grop+1 ) our faces turn$ t[>ds ,calv>y1 we move 9 ! "r direction4 ,!re are _m circum/ances :i* r5d] x difficult to decide :e!r we h progress$ or n4 ,h[ are we to det]m9e :i* repres5ts ! great] advance1 ! high degree ( /hetic civilization 9 a small gr\p ( ! human family1 & all ! re/ plung$ 9 b>b>ian d>kness2 or a l[] degree ( /hetic civilization uni=mly spread among all ! peoples ( ! _w8 ,we h1 ?us1 to consid] n only ! degrees ( progress1 b ! nature--:e!r /hetic or moral--& its ext5sion1 be=e we c decide :e!r we h progress$ or n4 ,b ?is is n all4 ,we mu/ agree1 or at lea/ h cle>ly det]m9$ 9 our m9ds1 t[>ds :at goal ! progression is suppos$ to move4 ,if x be to br+ ! :ole ( humanity up to an ideal beauty1 p]fect heal?1 & a maximum ( /r5g? & agility1 our civilization 9 our pres5t /age c]ta9ly t5ds 9 ! o!r direction4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 ! goal be ! conque/ ( ,nature's =ces1 we are c]ta9ly mov+ rapidly t[>ds x4 ,9 face1 !n1 ( ! complexity ( ! "q1 :e!r humanity is progress+ or n1 ! be/ me?od ( reply+ to x rationally is to take "o feature ( human developm5t only1 b "o 9 :i* ! o!rs are includ$1 or on :i* !y dep5d4 ,to select = su* a te/-feature ! psy*ological conditions ( civiliz$ humanity1 at a c]ta9 p]iod z manife/$ 9 lit]ature & art1 might at ! fir/ glance appe> z ! mo/ rational c\rse1 because ) /rong & s\nd m9ds1 ) well-balanc$ psy*ological faculties1 a nation is mo/ likely to %ape its de/9y 9 su* a fa%ion z to secure excell5cy 9 all ! doma9s ( its exi/5ce4 ,b !re are /rong objections to ?is me?od ( gaug+ human progress4 ,! fa%ionable writ]s & arti/s may n repres5t ! mass ( _! contempor>ies1 b may be ! expon5ts ( a tempor>y mood 9 a small un9flu5tial clique4 ,features ( lit]ature & art may1 z we h already po9t$ out1 convey ! impression ( retrogression simply because !y reflect ! unre/ & confusion :i* prevail 9 ! majority ( m9ds at p]iods :5 new ideas & new views1 heal?y 9 !mselves1 trample out ! old ones4 ,art & lit]ature d n always reflect ! e?ics ( a nation at a giv5 p]iod4 ,! nation may be intellectually /rong & morally s\nd1 b political ev5ts1 economic tr\bles1 may mom5t>ily goad x into abnormal moods & drive x1 by %e] necessity1 into a c\rse :i*1 "u normal circum/ances1 x w\ld %un4 ,a despot ) /hetic lean+s1 & 8 nobility1 might be in/rum5tal 9 caus+ art & lit]ature to blossom =? mo/ vigor\sly1 :ile ! p at l>ge might be sunk 9 ! deepe/ dep?s ( demoralization & mis]y 9 ord] to furni% ! means = ! ma9t5ance ( a brilliant c\rt4 ,hi/ory & actualities af=d ample confirmation ( ! fact t art & lit]ature may fl\ri% :ile ! p deg5]ate4 ,:5 ! culture ( ,greece 0 at its z5i?1 a l>ge proportion ( ! p--! slaves--_h fall5 s l[ z actually to af=d object lessons to ! "y citiz5s1 9 ord] to det] !m f ! horrors ( vice & degradation4 ,dur+ ! ,r5aissance 9 ,italy ! c\rts 7 corrupt1 & ! ,*ur* _h sunk to its deepe/ /age ( demoralization4 ,:ile ! 8,roi ,soleil0 0 develop+ lit]ature & art 9 ! ho?\se ( 8 royal patronage1 ! immorality ( ! nobles & ! degradation ( ! p 7 unprec$5t$4 ,nor are !re want+ examples ( h[ a nation may be 9 a vigor\s /ate ( progression )\t develop+ any rem>kable features 9 art & lit]ature4 ,switz]l& 0 = a long "t ! lead+ nation 9 ,europe 9 ! matt] ( gov]nm5t1 legislation1 adm9i/ration1 civic virtues1 & education1 b has nev] di/+ui%$ itself /hetically4 ,dur+ ! p]iod 9 :i* ,am]ica 0 mo/ progressive1 its p 7 too busy ) practical affairs to give mu* att5tion to ! arts4 ,if1 !re=e1 we 7 to judge ! progress ( a nation by its arts & lit]ature1 we might feel dispos$ to conclude t ^! two blossoms ( civilization spr\t =? 9 ! same ratio z ! p deg5]ate4 ,b ?is w\ld be absurd1 = x w\ld be to give ! palm ( civilization to ! ,esquimaux1 or to ! pigmies 9 ! d>k =e/s ( ,africa4 ,! idea1 !re=e1 ( judg+ :e!r a nation1 or a race1 is ris+ or deg5]at+ by ! /ate ( its arts1 mu/ be reject$ z utt]ly mislead+4 ,! political & social in/itutions ( a nation are surely ! features t be/ l5d !mselves to ! te/ ( ! /age x has atta9$ 9 progressive developm5t1 or deg5]ation4 ,if laws & in/itutions are su* z to give e inhabitant ! be/ *ances ( atta9+ to a high degree ( civilization1 ( morality1 & ( happ9ess1 & su* laws & in/itutions emanate f ! p !mselves1 & are n impos$ by ano!r nation & n by ! freak ( a despot1 t nation is 9 a progressive /ate4 ,x is difficult to imag9e a c\ntry ) good laws & good in/itutions )\t correspond+ heal?y conditions 9 all ! o!r features ( its exi/5ce4 ,hi/ory (f]s no example ( a community1 or ( a p1 t has giv5 itself laws & in/itutions equally b5eficial to all ! individuals1 & yet exhibit+ signs ( decay 9 any doma9 ( its culture4 ,x is true t 9 a free1 heal?y1 progressive ,/ate1 especially a ?or\ghly democratic "o1 lit]ature & art may n atta9 t hectic floresc5ce s (t5 co-exi/5t ) bad laws & bad in/itutions4 ,b x has nev] be5 f\nd t art & lit]ature 9 su* heal?y nations are 9 a deg5]at+ /ate4 ,x is true t diff]5t m9ds hold diff]5t op9ions z to ! attributes ( good laws & in/itutions4 ,a man :o believes t human be+s are ess5tially wick$ & brutal w\ld call a gov]nm5t good only :5 x possess$ p[] en\gh to keep ! p 9 subjection2 :ile he :o has discov]$ t ! good qualities 9 human be+s spr+ f a natural in/9ct1 & ! bad ones f unfav\rable conditions & corrupt surr\nd+s1 w\ld only call t =m ( gov]nm5t good :i* af=d$ to ea* individual ! greate/ possible lib]ty consi/5t ) ! same degree ( lib]ty 9 o!rs4 ,b !re c be no hesitation z to :at con/itutes good gov]nm5t & good in/itutions1 if we appeal to ! only au?ority capable ( judg+ ) full k ( ! case1 namely1 ! individuals !mselves4 ,we (t5 meet ) p :o look ) di/ru/ ^u in/itutions & sy/ems ( gov]nm5t bas$ on lib]ty1 b ?is does n affect our ass]tion t ! great mass ( individuals w\ld p]sonally1 & = !mselves1 claim z mu* lib]ty z !y c\ld obta94 ,^? :o advocate au?oritative adm9i/ration & ! subjection ( ! p to a class1 or an elect$ body1 behold 9 su* con/itutions ! means n ( r$uc+ _! own lib]ty1 b ( ext5d+ x beyond legitimate b\nd>ies1 & at ! exp5se ( ! lib]ty ( o!rs4 ,x is h>dly possible to imag9e a nation t has giv5 itself1 & is liv+ "u1 a sy/em ( p]sonal lib]ty1 & is at ! same "t deg5]ate4 ,a deg5]ate man fe>s lib]ty1 he pref]s to lean on o!rs2 he feels n a%am$ to live on *>ity1 & w\ld abuse 8 lib]ty 9 ord] to satisfy 8 base in/9cts4 ,a s\nd-m9d$ & morally heal?y man ne$s no compulsion to respect ! "r & lib]ties ( o!rs4 ,he tru/s & respects o!rs1 because he tru/s & respects himself4 ,he w\ld assi/ no man 9 8 attempts & intrigues to injure o!rs4 ,he w\ld1 !re=e1 uphold 8 own1 z well z ! lib]ty ( o!rs4 ,su* bad results z ,nordau fe>s f in/itutions bas$ on lib]ty c only arise out ( oppression4 ,we h %[n h[ ! anti-semitic movem5t1 :i* he errone\sly reg>ds z an outcome ( too mu* lib]ty1 is ! result ( oppression ex]cis$ by ! ,jewi% capitali/s & employ]s 9 virtue ( bad legislation1 & no "o w d5y t ! an>*i/ic t5d5cies spr+ f ! same cause4 ,f ^! reasons we may fairly conclude t1 if we wi% to =m an op9ion ( ! intellectual s\ndness & moral /r5g? ( a nation1 we _c d bett] ?an exam9e to :at an ext5t x has atta9$ to good in/itutions bas$ on p]sonal lib]ty4 ,if civiliz$ mank9d is actually deg5]at+1 we mu/ f9d a t5d5cy among ! p 9 ! c\ntries "u exam9ation to give !mselves1 or to accept "u compulsion1 laws & in/itutions :i* rob !m ( _! p]sonal lib]ty4 ,9 gaug+ ! pres5t epo* by ?is /&>d1 we might fir/ be incl9$ to side ) ,nordau4 ,^? great nations :i* may fairly be look$ ^u z ! lead]s ( civilization pres5t spectacles ( political corruption & retrogression1 :i* might well sugge/ ! idea t1 in/ead ( develop+ into a race intellectually & morally /rong en\gh to live free1 !y %[ a m>k$ will+ness to place !mselves "u control ( "s k9d--to ab&on _! div9e attributes & to assume ^? ( dome/icat$ animals4 ,b a correct op9ion ab\t s important a "q _c be =m$ on a sup]ficial glance4 ,9 no bran* ( k are appe>ances s deceptive z 9 sociology4 ,app>5tly ! same effects are (t5 produc$ by two opposite causes1 & "u slightly diff]5t circum/ances ! same cause may produce two opposite effects4 ,?us1 a man may vote = a measure because he is corrupt & selfi%1 & ) ! object ( b5efit+ himself at ! exp5se ( 8 fell[-m52 :ile ano!r man may vote = ! same measure because he does n happ5 to be 9 possession ( c]ta9 special k :i* w\ld enable him to und]/& ! nugatory "* ( 8 action4 ,!re are nations 9 ,europe at ?is mom5t pres5t+ su* a mass ( anomalies z to r5d] x extremely difficult to decide :e!r !y are b5t on improv+ _! laws & in/itutions1 or on mak+ !m worse4 ,mu*1 = example1 t has happ5$ 9 ,g]many has be5 pron\nc$ z a decid$ =w>d movem5t4 ,! ,g]man army has display$ physical & m5tal qualities :i* be> witness to heal?y developm5t r ?an deg5]ation4 ,! unification ( ! ,g]man ,/ates into "o ,empire _h = "s "t be=e ! la/ w> be5 ! goal t[>ds :i* ! nation aspir$4 ,:5 x 0 rea*$1 patriotic ,g]mans expect$ x to be made ! />t+-po9t ( a new dep>ture = fur!r progress4 ,b ! v accompli%m5t ( national unification involv$ features :i* cle>ly po9t$ to retrogression4 ,! m$ival pr9ciple ( conque/ 0 revis$4 ,! future peace & good-w among ! nations 0 de/roy$ by ! annexation ( ! two prov9ces conqu]$ f ,france4 ,/&+ armies = ,g]many became m ?an ev] necess>y1 & ! nation 0 call$ ^u to make enorm\s sacrifices 9 ord] to w>d (f ! consequ5ces ( retrogression 9 =eign politics4 ,! heavie/ burd5s 7 laid ^u ! work+ class1 & _! /ruggle = exi/5ce became desp]ate4 ,!y h %[n _m signs ( discont5t1 & ^! h l$ to ! consolidation ( repressive measures4 ,?us ,g]many n[ pres5ts ! spectacle ( a curi\s amalgam ( m$ival & mod]n features4 ,at ! head ( ?is great empire we f9d a "y ,emp]or :o1 ?\gh n a despot 9 ! wide/ s5se ( ! ^w1 possesses1 z an indisp5sable feature ( ! sy/em1 suffici5t p[] to plunge n only ! :ole ( ,g]many1 b all ,europe1 into unspeakable mis]y4 ,! individuals ( ! nation s9k into insignificance be=e him4 ,!y pla9ly feel t _! de/9y is 9 8 h&s z mu* z t ( _! ance/ors 0 9 ! h&s ( _! m$ival emp]ors4 ,& yet ! p are highly civiliz$1 well educat$1 & %[1 9 _! diff]5t walks ( life1 intellig5ce1 /r5g? ( "*1 moral wor?4 ,"h1 !n1 is a p :i*1 judg$ collectively by our /&>d1 w\ld /& at a l[ po9t ( developm5t1 because _! laws & in/itutions are n bas$ on p]sonal lib]ty4 ,if we consid] ! direction 9 :i* !y are mov+1 ! v]dict becomes z unfav\rable4 ,! c\ntry is torn by two div]g5t t5d5cies1 nei!r ( !m aim+ onw>ds4 ,! "o repres5t$ by ! ,emp]or1 ! (ficial bodies1 ! plutocrats1 & m5 :o ?9k z ,nordau1 :o wi% to keep a ke5] wat* on ! de/itute classes2 ! o!r repres5t$ by ! ,sociali/s1 :o clam\r = ! de/ruction ( ! pres5t sy/em1 n = ! purpose ( secur+ p]sonal lib]ty1 b ( wre/+ :at little is left ( x f ! p1 & ( e/abli%+ complete ,/ate tyranny4 ,if ! /&>d we are apply+ be tru/wor?y1 nei!r ( ! two curr5ts ( developm5t noticeable 9 ,g]many run 9 ! direction ( a high degree ( civilization4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t x seems difficult to discov] :5ce1 )9 ,g]many1 c\ld come ! impulse = su* g5]al m5tal & moral progress z w\ld be manife/$ by good & free in/itutions4 ,if ! pres5t conditions c\ld prevail indef9itely1 & gradually improve s z to safegu>d1 or at lea/ n imp$e1 ! developm5t ( ! individuals1 ,g]many might look =w>d to ! future ) equanimity4 ,b1 un=tunately1 actualities 9 t c\ntry confirm only too well ! tru/wor?9ess ( our /&>d4 ,! result ( ! pres5t sy/em _c fail to ex]cise deg5]at+ effects on ! p1 b :e!r ^! effects w influ5ce ! pres5t g5]ation only1 or by h]$ity be p]petuat$ 9 ! n]v\s sy/ems & ! bra9s ( ! race1 is a "q = psy*ologi/s to settle4 ,! /up5d\s /&+ army1 ! heavy taxation1 & a ho/ ( bad laws h und]m9$1 & are /ill und]m9+1 ! welf>e ( ! p4 ,! imm$iate results are1 among ! work+ classes3 extreme p5ury1 hopeless lives1 l[ morals1 int5se hatr$ ( ! weal?y class1 a gr[+ sympa?y ) ! de/ructive programme ( ! advanc$ ,an>*i/s1 decay ( religi\s belief )\t any gr[? ( ! religion ( humanity ( sci5ce4 ,among ! comm]cial class1 ! results are3 int5se competition1 small pr(its1 n]v\s application to bus9ess1 a ?ir/ = gold & recklessness ) reg>d to ! means ( satisfy+ x4 ,among ! bureaucratic classes ! dread ( r$uc$ & ret>d$ advancem5t has caus$ discipl9e & absolute submission to take ! place ( religion & philosophy4 ,! l&$ ari/ocracy1 see+ _! incomes ?reat5$ by ! deplorable /ate ( agriculture1 plot & plan h[ to rec\p !mselves at ! exp5se ( ! p1 & h ev5 %[n an incl9ation to resi/ ! ,emp]or himself :5 _! int]e/s require x4 ,?is /ate ( affairs is m ?an suffici5t to acc\nt = su* signs ( deg5]ation z ,nordau has notic$ 9 8 own c\ntry4 ,:at wond] t arti/s & writ]s1 m5ac$ by mis]y & actuat$ by ! g5]al ?ir/ = gold1 %\ld consult _! m>ket r ?an _! inspiration1 & t !y %\ld copy successful au?ors & arti/s 9 ,france & else:]e1 r ?an take ! tr\ble & ! risk to d orig9al "w4 ,a comp>ison betwe5 ,g]man lit]ature ( to-day & t ( decay+ ,rome c\ld n fail to imp>t important lessons4 ,ev]y?+ 9 ,g]many po9ts to a com+ cata/rophe4 ,ev5 if we consid] only "o ( ! directions f :i* ! fir/ al>m may come--t is1 ! ,f9ance ,dep>tm5t--x seems impossible t ! sy/em c la/ mu* long]4 ,! heavy taxation un=tunately und]m9es its own basis1 namely1 ! ability ( ! p to pay1 & ! mu*-/ra9$ cr$it ( ! ,/ate is likely to collapse at ! v mom5t x w be mo/ ne$$4 ,x is1 !re=e1 n premature to consid] :at w happ5 9 t c\ntry at ab\t ! end ( ?is c5tury1 :5 ! f9ancial res\rces1 ! pati5ce ( ! p1 & ! confid5ce ( ! army may be exhau/$4 ,two alt]natives are possible4 ,! crisis :i* seems b\nd to come may be a viol5t "o1 aris+ f bel[2 or x may be a peaceful "o1 tak+ its orig9 f above4 ,9 ! "o case1 !re w be a mom5t>y social *aos2 = all ! milit>y & bureaucratic in/itutions1 all sy/ems1 !ories1 prejudices1 w be ca/ into ! furnace4 ,at :at "t & "u :at conditions ,g]many w em]ge f ! crisis w dep5d on ! numb]1 & ! /r5g? ( m9d1 ( ^? ,g]mans :o und]/& t good in/itutions bas$ on lib]ty are ! c>d9al attributes ( a s\nd-m9d$ & morally /rong nation4 ,! o!r case--! crisis com+ f above--does n seem possible j n[1 because ! ,emp]or himself w\ld h to take ! initiative4 ,x is n likely t he w\ld give up 8 p[]1 8 milit>y ta/es & pa/imes1 9 ord] to r5d] ,g]many a free & happy nation1 liv+ 9 peace ) o!r free nations4 ,= a sov]eign to conceive su* an idea w\ld be almo/ sup]natural1 & to c>ry x out successfully w\ld require ! highe/ degree ( human intellig5ce1 because x c\ld n be done except 9 h>mony & 9 co-op]ation ) ! o!r ,european ,/ates4 ,f :atev] direction ! crisis comes1 !re is mu* 9 ! ,g]mans to w>rant a f9al successful issue4 ,we _c believe1 ) ,nordau1 t su* signs z we see ( deg5]ation spr+ f moral & intellectual weakness4 ,9 ! ext]nal circum/ances1 we f9d suffici5t cause = f> m demoralization ?an actually exi/s2 & ! ,g]mans1 tak5 z individuals1 %[ !mselves to possess pl5ty ( ^? m5tal & moral qualities :i* are ! only possible f\ndations ( a heal?y ,/ate4 ,!y be> witness to ! fact t1 despite unfav\rable outw>d circum/ances1 ! race is n decay+2 & t ! pres5t corruption & demoralization may be decay only ( "o /age ( human developm5t1 f :i* 9 ob$i5ce to "s /rong impulse a new reg5]at+ era may arise4 ,9 ord] to elucidate ! app>5t /ate ( deg5]ation :i* *>act]ises civilization at ! close ( ?is mo/ rem>kable c5tury1 z well z its causes1 we h in/anc$ ,g]many--! c\ntry :]e ,nordau has /udi$ & writt51 & :]e he seems to h receiv$ 8 mo/ vivid impressions4 ,! circum/ances & t5d5cies ( o!r c\ntries1 especially 9 ^? gov]n$ m or less on despotic pr9ciples1 are ak9 to ^? 9 ,g]many4 ,ev]y:]e increas+ p5ury1 discont5t among ! de/itute classes1 a rapidly gr[+ p[] among ! plutocrats1 national indebt$ness1 f9ancial corruption1 ! decay ( all religi\s belief1 & g5]al demoralization4 ,b ! simil>ity does n end "h4 ,9 e c\ntry !re are numb]s ( p /riv+ & hop+ to br+ ab\t a bett] /ate ( ?+s1 ev5 at ! co/ & sacrifice ( "s ( ! lead+ features ( our civilization4 ,!re is a mass ( evid5ce1 includ+ ^? peculi> features ( mod]n society on :i* ,nordau has dwelt s l>gely1 %[+ t a deep unre/ has tak5 hold ( humanity4 ,! feel+ is n only t we are 9 a wrong position1 b t we are mov+ 9 a wrong direction4 ,! g5]al fe> is n t deg5]ation has set 91 b t1 mov+ on ! road t we d1 we _c escape x4 ,! mo/ /rik+ *>act]i/ic ( our "t is t 9 no nation d we f9d1 on ei!r side ( ! ,atlantic1 any di/9ct indication ( ! road :i* c lead u pa/ ! ,sl\gh ( ,despond4 ,! moral /ate ( ! civiliz$ _w is l a nation prep>+ = revolt aga9/ a tyrant3 gloomy1 discont5t$1 & excit$ m5 are enc\rag+ "o ano!r ) secret signs & passwords1 mu/]+ & drill+ 9 secret places1 to be ready = action1 b )\t any tru/wor?y lead]s1 )\t any plans = ! future1 )\t ev5 any tactics = ! fir/ /ruggle4 ,9 "s c\ntries ! cry is = lead]s2 b ! old fai? t ! situations w br+ out ! m5 seems to h be5 utt]ly falsifi$3 = ev]y:]e m$iocrity1 prejudice1 & corruption hold ! helm4 ,! cry 9 ,engl& & o!r c\ntries is n = lead]s1 b = m light4 ,we want a high] philosophy1 nobl] arts1 a l(ti] lit]ature1 s\nd] pr9ciples ( legislation1 a pur] religion4 ,no nation holds a high] responsibility ?an ! ,engli%4 ,its va/ possessions all ov] ! globe1 its f9ancial & comm]cial supremacy1 its e?ical influ5ce ov] all ! ,engli%-speak+ c\ntries1 m>k x out z ! /&>d-be>] ( civilization4 ,no?+ great c happ5 among u )\t re-e*o+ 9 ! remote/ corn]s ( ! e>?1 & any /ep onw>d tak5 by u w s5d a ?rill ?r\gh\t humanity4 ,deg5]ate ,engli%m5 may /ill wi% to meekly foll[ o!r nations1 b our mission is to be ! practical1 en]getic1 d>+ pione]s head+ ! m>* ( progress4 ,by us+ its great p[] & influ5ce1 ! ,briti% nation c r5d] invaluable s]vice to humanity 9 ! pres5t crisis4 ,on ,engl& mu/ !re=e re/ our hopes = ! practical solution ( ! grave que/ions on :i* progress & retrogression dep5d4 ,f ,engl& alone c proce$ t electrify+ impulse ( :i* ! bewild]$ nations /& 9 ne$1 t !y may m>%al ! =ces & focus ! goal ( progress4 ,9 our political circles1 9 ! ranks ( lit]ature1 & ?r\gh\t all ! /rata ( society !re are already unmi/akable signs t ! p]iod ( scepticism1 selfi%ness1 & rant w end ) ! c5tury2 t sci5tific sup]/ition & sickly ,collectivi/ *im]as are doom$2 & t ! nation is /]nly ent]+ ^u ! mission ( lead+ humanity t[>ds good laws & in/itutions bas$ on lib]ty1 & ?us inaugurat+ a univ]sal movem5t :i* by its glori\s results %all demon/rate t ! al>m+ symptoms ( deg5]ation1 reveal$ by ! psy*ologi/s1 are ! fir/ symptoms ( reg5]ation4 ,,index4 ,ab\t's 7,edmond71 ,la ,"q ,roma9e1 #bej ,an>*ism1 rapid spread (1 #aid2 causes (1 #aie-g ,&]s51 ,hans1 #eh ,&]s5's ,ugly ,duckl+1 #gd ,angelo1 ,mi*ael1 #bbd ,an/ey1 ,f41 #ada ,anti-semitism 9 ,g]many & else:]e1 #ahe ff4 ,armies1 ,engli%1 ,fr5*1 & ,g]man1 no deg5]acy is prov$ by rec5t ev5ts1 #acd ,art1 #ef ff42 does n necess>ily reflect ! e?ics ( a nation1 #bib ,arti/s & symbolism1 #gc ff4 ,arts1 !1 & sci5ce1 future h>mony (1 #bbh1 #bbi ,association ( ,m5 = ! ,suppression ( ,immorality1 #bdf ff4 ,a!ism1 effect (1 ^u morals1 #he1 #ij ff42 ^u religion1 #hf ff4 ,auricul> confession1 #afb-d ,au/ria1 causes ( anti-semitism 91 #ahg ff4 ,av9a91 ,fr5* assass91 #afd ,baudelaire1 ,*>les1 #bca1 #bcg ,bee?ov51 ,ludwig1 #ajf ,bism>ck1 ,pr9ce1 #acg ,bjrns51 ,bjrn/j]ne1 #agj1 #agg ,borgia1 ,pope 7,alex&] ,,vi71 #bfe ,bornmll]1 ,franz1 #aaf2 8 e/imate ( ,tol/oi1 #aaf ,brahe1 ,ty*o1 #ff ,brem]1 ,fr$]ika1 #adb ,bront's ,jane ,eyre1 #adf ,cav\r1 di1 ,c\nt ,camillo ,b5so1 #acg ,c]vantes1 ,miguel1 #aeb ,*itral1 ,briti% exp$ition to1 #acd ,*ur* & religion1 !1 di/9ction betwe51 #gg ff4 ,col]idge1 ,samuel ,taylor1 #bai ,columbus1 ,*ri/oph]1 #ff ,communism1 absurdity & impracticability (1 #aij ,confession ( wrong-do+1 ! ye>n+ =1 #afb-e ,consci\sness ( man1 #bjd ,correggio1 ,allegri1 #abg ,cotta1 ,johann ,fri$ri*1 #bgg ,dante's ,div9a ,comm$ia1 #bbd ,d>w9ian !ory ( evolution1 #aei ,deg5]ation1 ! causes (1 #bee ff4 ,di%one/y z a means ( acquir+ weal?1 #bfg-i ,drummond1 ,h5ry1 #h1 #ab ,drunk5ness 9 ,engl&1 #acf1 #acg ,egoism1 #bfj ff4 ,egomania1 #bcj ,engl&1 deg5]acy 91 #acf1 #acg2 e/imation ( wom5 91 #adb1 #bag-i2 /hetic revolt 91 #bcg2 high moral responsibility (1 #cje1 #cjf ,engli% army1 no deg5]acy 91 #acd ,e?ical ,culture1 ,b]l9 ,society =1 #bdg1 #bdh ,eroticism1 #bje ff4 ,f>aday1 ,mi*ael1 #ed ,france1 m>riage 91 #ij1 #ia2 /hetic revolt 91 #bcd ff4 ,free ,lab\r ,association1 !1 #ca ,fr5* army1 no deg5]acy 91 #acd ,fr5* hatr$ ( ,g]many1 #bd1 #be ,fr5* symboli/s1 !1 #gf ff41 #id ,galileo1 #ff ,gauti]1 ,?ophile1 #bca ,g]mans1 submission (1 to discipl9e1 #ae ff42 _! treatm5t ( wom51 #ah-ai2 ideas conc]n+ m>riage1 #ai2 hatr$ ( ,france1 #bd1 #be ,g]many1 m>riage 91 #ah1 #ai2 army sy/em 91 #ach2 position ( wom5 91 #adb ff42 influ5ce (1 ^u ,norway1 #agc ff42 causes ( anti-semitism 91 #ahg ff42 ! developm5t ( ! empire1 #bih2 burd5s ^u ! work+ p 91 #bih1 #bii2 despotic rule ( ! ,emp]or1 #bii2 bad effect ( pres5t sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 #cjj-b2 ! com+ cata/rophe1 #cja-c ,glad/one1 ,william ,ew>t1 #acg ,goe!1 ,johann ,wolfgang1 #ef1 #aeb1 #bbd ,goe!'s ,w]!r's ,leid51 #ajd2 ,fau/1 #aeg1 #baf ,g\nod1 ,*>les ,franois1 #bbf ,hanseatic ,league1 !1 #agc ,hell]1 ,f]d9&1 #bbb1 #bbc ,h]$ity1 #aei1 #afj ,hugo's ,notre ,dame de ,p>is1 #ei ,human in/9cts1 #bgj-b ,humanity1 ! religion (1 #bcb ,hunt1 ,holman1 #fd1 #fh ,huxley1 ,pr(essor ,?omas ,h5ry1 #ed ,huysman1 ,joris ,k>l1 #bcf ,huysman's ,a ,reb\rs1 #bgc ,ibs51 ,h5rik1 #acb ff41 #adj ff41 #agg1 #beh2 influ5ce (1 ^u wom51 #adb ,ibs5's ,gho/s1 #aed1 #aee1 #aeh2 ,pill>s ( ,society1 #aee1 #aef2 ,! ,lady f ! ,sea1 #aeg2 ,! ,doll's ,h\se1 #gd1 #agi-ha ,immorality1 ,association ( ,m5 = ! ,suppression (1 #adf ff4 ,immoral lit]ature1 impossibility ( prohibit+ ! circulation (1 #bdi-ea ,in/9ct 9 human be+s1 #bgj-b ,italian army1 no deg5]acy 91 #acd ,jew1 ! free-?9k+1 *>act]i/ics (1 #bj1 #ba ,jews1 !1 ,wagn]'s dislike (1 #ahd2 hatr$ (1 9 ,russia1 #ahe2 9 ,g]many & ,au/ria1 #ahg ff42 inh]5t good qualities (1 #aia1 #aib ,jones1 ,burne1 #fh1 #abg1 #acj1 #beh ,kant1 ,immanuel1 #c ,kidd1 ,b5jam91 #h1 #ab ,kock1 de1 ,*>les ,paul1 #bgg ,legra91 #df1 #dg ,lem]re1 ,alphonse1 #bgg ,less+1 ,got?old ,ephraim1 #aje ,less+'s ,amelia ,galotti1 #aje ,lib]ty 7p]iodical71 #cb ,liebkne*t1 ,h]r1 #af1 #aci ,lie1 ,jonas1 #agj1 #agg ,lit]ature does n necess>ily reflect ! e?ics ( a nation1 #bib ,lombroso1 ,dr4 ,ces>e1 #ba2 ,nordau's d$ication to1 9 ,deg5]ation1 #acb ,love1 ! purity (1 #bac1 #bad ,loyola1 ,ignatius1 #bfe ,lu!ran ,*ur* & confession1 !1 #afc ,m>riage laws1 h[ inaugurat$1 #aej ,m>riage relations 9 ,g]many1 #ah-ai2 9 ,france1 #ij1 #ia ,mall>m1 ,/ephane1 #ajd ff4 ,m>t9eau1 ,dr4 ,james1 #ed ,maudsley1 ,dr4 ,h5ry1 #bea ,millais1 ,john ,e41 #fc1 #fd ,molire's ,malade ,imag9aire1 #ab ,moltke1 ,c\nt ,helmu? ,k>l ,b]n>d1 #g ,morel1 ,dr4 ,b4 ,a41 #dh ,morice1 ,*>les1 au?or ( ,la ,littrature de t\t l'heure1 #ajf ,music1 ! influ5ce (1 #fj1 #fa1 #bbj ff4 ,my/icism1 #dd ff42 def9ition (1 #dg ,napoleon ,,iii1 #ach ,neo-,ca?olicism & ! ,*ur* ( ,rome1 #gf ,ni*olas ,,ii1 ,emp]or ( ,russia1 #ach ,nietzs*e1 ,fri$ri*1 #bja1 #bbc1 #bdc ,nietzs*e's ,d] ,fall ,wagn]1 #bbc ,nihili/s1 ,russian1 #aig ,nordau1 ,max1 influ5ce ( 8 book ,deg5]ation1 #i2 importance ( closely inve/igat+ 8 !ories be=e accept+ !m1 #aj2 intemp]ance ( 8 me?ods1 #aa2 a typical ,g]man1 #ab2 8 ,g]man bias1 #ag2 an enemy to ,france1 #bd2 8 attitude t[>d art1 #ef ff42 8 animosity aga9/ ! symboli/s1 #gg ff42 views ^u ! poetry ( ,paul ,v]la9e1 #ii ff42 d5unciation ( ,tol/oi1 #ajh ff42 e/imate ( ,ibs51 #acb-hb2 attack ^u ,wagn]1 #ahc2 judgm5t ( ,zola1 #bgd ff4 ,norway1 position ( wom5 91 #ade ff4 ,norwegians1 national *>act]i/ics (1 #aga ff4 ,ohnet's 7,george7 novels1 #bh ,poets & symbolism1 #gc ff4 ,pre-,raphaelitism1 #ee ff4 ,raphael1 ,sanzio1 #ge1 #abg ,religion1 influ5ce (1 ^u civilization & progress1 #di1 #ej2 & ! ,*ur*1 di/9ction betwe51 #gg ff42 relation (1 to sci5ce1 #bcb ff4 ,roll9at1 ,maurice1 #bca ,roman ,*ur* & neo-,ca?olicism1 #gf ,rossetti1 ,dante ,gabriel1 #abg1 #acj1 #ace1 #beh ,rossetti's ma/]piece1 8,dante's ,dream10 #fi1 #gj1 #ge ,rub9/e91 ,anton1 #bbc ,rusk91 ,john1 #eh1 #ei ,russia1 causes ( anti-semitism 91 #ahe-g ,russian1 *>act]i/ics1 #aji2 gov]nm5t1 #aaj2 s]fs1 #aaj1 #aaa2 nihili/s1 #aig ,sc&9avia1 position ( wom5 91 #ade ff4 ,sci5ce1 ! unsolv$ problems (1 #bb1 #bc2 ! bankruptcy (1 #gc ff42 & ! arts1 future h>mony (1 #bbh1 #bbh sic2 relation (1 to religion1 #bcb ff4 ,sci5tific a!ism1 #ij ff4 ,sci5ti/s1 dogmatic attitude (1 #fe ff42 influ5ce (1 ^u religion1 #hf ff4 ,s*op5hau]1 ,ar?ur1 #bbe1 #bbf ,s*umann1 ,rob]t1 #bbb1 #bbc ,self1 ! religion (1 #bcj-dj ,s]fs1 emancipation (1 9 ,russia1 #aaj1 #aaa ,%akespe>e1 ,william1 #ef1 #aeb ,society = ,e?ical ,culture 7,b]l971 #bdg1 #bdh ,s\nd m9d1 ! te/ (1 #acc ,/age1 !1 purity (1 #baa ,/ck]1 ,dr41 anti-semitic agitator1 reception (1 9 ,london1 #aic1 #aid1 #bfe ,sw9burne1 ,alg]non ,c41 #ace ,symboli/s1 ! ,fr5*1 #gf ff4 ,t9toretto1 ,giacomo1 #abg ,tj]ulf1 ,norwegian compos]1 #agg ,tol/oi1 ,c\nt ,leo1 #ajh ff4 ,tol/oi's ,kreutz] ,sonata1 #aae1 #aaf2 ,my ,confession1 #aag2 ,my ,fai?1 #aag2 ,a ,%ort ,exposition ( ! ,gospel1 #aag1 #abf2 ,ab\t my ,life1 #aag2 ,f ! ,di>y ( ,ne*ljud[1 #abe ,trades unions1 #ca ,unit$ ,/ates1 !1 treatm5t ( wom5 91 #adb ,v]la9e1 ,paul1 #ig ff42 8 poem address$ to ,l\is ,,ii ( ,bav>ia1 #aja2 8 8,*evaux du ,bois0 & 8,*anson d',automne10 #ajc1 #ajd ,victoria1 ,d[ag] ,empress ( ,g]many1 #adf ,voltaire1 ,ar\et1 #a1 #i1 #bbc1 #bed ,wagn]1 ,ri*>d1 #bh1 #bi1 #aea1 #ahd ff41 #aid1 #aih ff4 ,wagn]'s ,art ,"w ( ! ,future1 #bji1 #bbd ,weal?1 di%one/y 9 ! acquisition (1 #bfg-i ,william ,,ii1 ,emp]or ( ,g]many1 #ach1 #bii ,wolseley1 ,"l1 #g ,wom51 position (1 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,engl&1 & o!r c\ntries contra/$1 #adb ff4 ,zola1 mile1 #bi1 #acj1 #bgd ff4 ,zola's ,la ,joie de ,vivre1 #bha ,transcrib]'s notes3 ,?is book 0 publi%$ anonym\sly & is n[ attribut$ to ,alfr$ ,egmont ,hake4 ,"o sic has be5 plac$ 9 ! index1 & a presum$ miss+ comma 9 ! orig9al is indicat$ ) 14 ,! book conta9s a s+le footnote1 :i* is plac$ bel[ ! relevant p>agraph4