,,engli% ,,gramm> ,,by ,,lillian ,g4 ,,kimball ,,=m]ly ,,head ,,( ,,engli% ,,dep>tm5t1 ,,/ate ,,normal ,,s*ool1 ,,o%ko%1 ,,wiscons9 ,,au?or ,,( 8,,! ,,/ructure ,,( ,,! ,,engli% ,,s5t5ce0 8,,elem5t>y ,,engli%1 ,,book ,,"o10 ,,& 8,,elem5t>y ,,engli%1 ,,book ,,two0 ,,new ,,york 3 ,,c9c9nati 3 ,,*icago ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company ,,copyright1 #aiab1 ,,by ,,am]ican ,,book ,,company4 ,,ent]$ ,,at ,,/ation]s' ,,hall1 ,,london4 ,,kimball',s ,,eng4 ,,gramm>4 ,,preface ,! purpose ( ?is book is to set =? 9 a simple & practical mann] ! pr9ciples ( mod]n ,engli% ,gramm>4 ,! aim has be5 n only to give ! pupils an insight into ! /ructure ( ! ,engli% s5t5ce1 b also to provide !m ) ex]cises helpful to ! =mation ( good habits ( spee*4 ,x is a matt] ( common k among tea*]s ( gramm> t a m]e und]/&+ ( ! rules ( syntax does n insure ! avoidance ( errors & ! use ( correct =ms4 ,! use ( language by "y p]sons is in/9ctive & spontane\s r ?an reflective1 h5ce ! mo/ effective way = !m to secure correctness ( spee* is ?r\gh imitation & practice4 ,recogniz+ ?is fundam5tal fact 9 language tea*+1 ! au?or has provid$ _m ex]cises bo? = ! le>n+ ( correct =ms & = practice 9 _! use4 ,^! ! tea*] is expect$ to supplem5t by con/ant criticism1 example1 & /imulus4 ,aft] ! pupil has be5 l$ to appreciate & /rive = correctness ( spee*1 he naturally wi%es to und]/& :y a c]ta9 =m is correct or incorrect1 to h a te/ = 8 own spee* & a /&>d by :i* to judge ! spee* ( o!rs4 ,only by su* an und]/&+ does he ga9 a ma/]y ( ! =m ( a language s t he c use x ) ease1 fre$om1 & c]ta9ty4 ,to promote su* a ma/]y ( ,engli%1 ! au?or has made ea* con/ruction p]fectly cle>1 & has l$ ! pupil ?r\gh accurate reason+ to conclusions :i* are /r5g!n$ & e/abli%$ by _! application to _m illu/rative s5t5ces *os5 f /&>d lit]ature4 ,! selection & ! arrangem5t ( subject matt] h be5 c>efully consid]$ 9 ! light ( exp]i5ce 9 ! classroom4 ,! arrangem5t is at ! same "t p$agogical & logical4 ,ea* po9t is tak5 up :]e x is call$ = by ! prec$+ lesson & :]e x w be ( greate/ use 9 mak+ cle> :at foll[s4 ,te*nical po9ts t h little or no practical value h be5 omitt$1 b :atev] is ( b5efit 9 help+ ! pupil to use or to int]pret ! ,engli% language has be5 includ$4 ,?anks are due to _m tea*]s = helpful criticisms ( ! manuscript ( ?is book4 ,,cont5ts ,,lesson ,,page ,i4 ,decl>ative ,s5t5ces4 ,subject & ,pr$icate #i ,,ii4 ,simple ,subject4 ,n\ns #aa ,,iii4 ,classification ( ,n\ns #ac ,,iv4 ,v]bs #ae ,v4 ,pron\ns #ah ,,vi4 ,comp\nd ,subject & ,comp\nd ,pr$icate #ai ,,vii4 ,transpos$ ,subject & ,pr$icate #bb ,,viii4 ,int]rogative ,s5t5ces #bc ,,ix4 ,adjectives #be ,x4 ,adv]bs #bh ,,xi4 ,phrases4 ,analysis ( ,s5t5ces #ca ,,xii4 ,prepositions #cd ,,xiii4 ,t]m ( ,address4 ,exclamatory ,n\n #ci ,,xiv4 ,imp]ative ,s5t5ces #da ,,xv4 ,int]jections #dc ,,xvi4 ,exclamatory ,s5t5ces #dd ,,xvii4 ,conjunctions #df ,,xviii4 ,clauses4 ,simple ,s5t5ces #dh ,,xix4 ,comp\nd ,s5t5ces #ej ,,xx4 ,dep5d5t ,clauses4 ,complex ,s5t5ces #eb ,,xxi4 ,review3 ,classification ( ,s5t5ces #ee ,,xxii4 ,review3 ,p>ts ( ,spee* #eg ,,xxiii4 ,transitive ,v]bs4 ,object ( ,v]b #fj ,,xxiv4 ,intransitive ,v]bs ass]t+ ,action #fd ,,xxv4 ,intransitive ,v]bs ass]t+ ,be+4 ,n\ns z ,subjective ,complem5ts #ff ,,xxvi4 ,adjectives z ,subjective ,complem5ts #fi ,,xxvii4 ,review ( ,v]bs #gb ,,xxviii4 ,n\ns3 ,numb] #gd ,,xxix4 ,n\ns3 ,g5d] #gg ,,xxx4 ,possessive ,n\ns #hj ,,xxxi4 ,n\ns3 ,case #hc ,,xxxii4 ,n\ns3 ,! ,appositive #he ,,xxxiii4 ,appositive ,adjectives #hh ,,xxxiv4 ,indirect ,object #hi ,,xxxv4 ,adv]bial ,n\n ,phrases #ia ,,xxxvi4 ,adv]bial ,n\n ,phrases #ib ,,xxxvii4 ,objective ,complem5t #id ,,xxxviii4 ,p>s+ ( ,n\ns #if ,,xxxix4 ,p]sonal ,pron\ns #ih ,,xl4 ,uses ( ,p]sonal ,pron\ns #ajj ,,xli4 ,uses ( ,possessive ,p]sonal ,pron\ns #ajc ,,xlii4 ,comp\nd ,p]sonal ,pron\ns #ajf ,,xliii4 ,int]rogative ,pron\ns #ajh ,,xliv4 ,descriptive ,adjectives #aaj ,,xlv4 ,limit+ ,adjectives #aac ,,xlvi4 ,comp>ison ( ,adjectives #aaf ,,xlvii4 ,review ( ,adjectives #abj ,,xlviii4 ,adjective ,pron\ns #aba ,,xlix4 ,v]bs3 ,t5se #abc ,l4 ,! ,indicative ,mode #abg ,,li4 ,! ,int]rogative ,=m ( ! ,indicative ,mode #abi ,,lii4 ,! ,subjunctive ,mode #aca ,,liii4 ,! ,imp]ative ,mode #acd ,,liv4 ,pr9cipal ,p>ts ( ,v]bs4 ,regul> & ,irregul> ,v]bs #ace ,,lv4 ,voice #adj ,,lvi4 ,! ,passive ,voice #add ,,lvii4 ,! ,progressive ,conjugation #adh ,,lviii4 ,! ,emphatic ,conjugation #adi ,,lix4 ,p>s+ ( ,v]bs #aej ,,lx4 ,! ,auxili>y ,v]bs ,%all & ,w #aea ,,lxi4 ,defective ,v]bs4 ,v]b ,phrases #aed ,,lxii4 ,direct & ,indirect ,disc\rse #afb ,,lxiii4 ,agreem5t ( ,v]b & ,subject4 ,collective ,n\ns #afe ,,lxiv4 ,review ( ,v]bs #afh ,,lxv4 ,classification ( ,adv]bs4 ,simple ,adv]bs #afi ,,lxvi4 ,conjunctive ,adv]bs #aga ,,lxvii4 ,summ>y ( ,adv]bs #agc ,,lxviii4 ,cord9ate ,conjunctions #agd ,,lxix4 ,subord9ate ,conjunctions #agf ,,lxx4 ,adv]bial ,clauses ( ,"t1 ,place1 & ,mann] #ahj ,,lxxi4 ,adv]bial ,clauses ( ,cause1 ,purpose1 & ,result #ahc ,,lxxii4 ,adv]bial ,clauses ( ,condition & ,concession #ahf ,,lxxiii4 ,adv]bial ,clauses ( ,comp>ison #ahh ,,lxxiv4 ,analysis ( ,s5t5ces #aia ,,lxxv4 ,adjective ,clauses #aic ,,lxxvi4 ,relative ,pron\ns #aif ,,lxxvii4 ,n\n ,clauses #bjj ,,lxxviii4 ,introductory ,words ( ,n\n ,clauses #bjc ,,lxxix4 ,review ( ,clauses #bjf ,,lxxx4 ,review ( ,pron\ns #bjg ,,lxxxi4 ,inf9itives #bji ,,lxxxii4 ,inf9itives z ,subjects or ,complem5ts #bab ,,lxxxiii4 ,inf9itives z ,modifi]s ( ,n\ns #bae ,,lxxxiv4 ,inf9itives z ,p>ts ( 8,d\ble ,objects40 ,z ,modifi]s ( ,v]bs #baf ,,lxxxv4 ,o!r ,uses ( ,inf9itives #bbj ,,lxxxvi4 ,summ>y ( ,inf9itives #bbd ,,lxxxvii4 ,analysis ( ,s5t5ces conta9+ ,inf9itive ,phrases #bbe ,,lxxxviii4 ,p>ticiples #bbh ,,lxxxix4 ,p>ticiples modify+ ,n\ns #bca ,,xc4 ,p>ticipial ,phrases 9 ! ,pr$icate #bcd ,,xci4 ,absolute ,p>ticipial ,phrases #bcg ,,xcii4 ,agreem5t ( ,p>ticiples4 ,o!r ,words 9 -+ #bci ,,xciii4 ,summ>y ( ,p>ticiples #bdc ,,xciv4 ,analysis ( ,s5t5ces #bdd ,,xcv4 ,anticipative ,subject #bdg ,,xcvi4 ,elliptical ,s5t5ces #bdi ,,xcvii4 ,review ( ,analysis #beb ,g5]al ,review #beg ,index #bfe ,i4 ,,decl>ative ,,s5t5ces4 ,,subject ,,& ,,pr$icate #a4 ,! purpose ( ,engli% ,gramm> is to set =? ! laws & cu/oms gov]n+ ! use ( ! ,engli% language4 ,we /udy gramm> 9 ord] t we may express our ?\ghts correctly4 ,a gr\p ( words1 sometimes few1 sometimes _m1 t completely expresses a ?\ght is call$ a s5t5ce4 ,9 spee* "o s5t5ce is set (f f ano!r by a slight pause4 ,on ! writt5 or pr9t$ page s5t5ces are sep>at$ f ea* o!r by a slight space1 :ile ! fir/ ^w ( e s5t5ce beg9s ) a capital lett]1 & ! la/ ^w is foll[$ by "s sort ( t]m9al m>k4 ,mo/ s5t5ces are made to /ate1 or decl>e1 some?+1 & h5ce are call$ decl>ative s5t5ces4 ,! foll[+ are decl>ative s5t5ces3-- ,molly danc$ up & d[n ) delight4 ,my gr&fa!r's desk _h ! be/ light 9 ! room4 #b4 ,decl>ative s5t5ces consi/ ( two di/9ct p>ts4 ,"o "p names ! p]son1 place1 or ?+ :i* ! s5t5ce tells some?+ ab\t4 ,?is "p is call$ ! subject4 ,! o!r "p is ! tell+ "p4 ,x is call$ ! pr$icate4 ,9 ! fir/ example ,molly is ! subject1 because x names ! p]son ab\t :om some?+ is told4 ,danc$ up & d[n ) delight is ! pr$icate1 because x tells some?+ ab\t ,molly4 ,:at is ! subject 9 ! second example8 ! pr$icate8 ,h[ d y "k8 ,:at t]m9al m>k foll[s a decl>ative s5t5ce8 ,summ>y4--,a s5t5ce is a gr\p ( words t completely expresses a ?\ght4 ,a decl>ative s5t5ce is "o t /ates1 or decl>es1 some?+4 ,a decl>ative s5t5ce is always foll[$ by a p]iod4 ,! subject ( a s5t5ce is ! "p :i* names t ab\t :i* some?+ is said4 ,! pr$icate ( a s5t5ce is ! "p :i* says some?+ ab\t ! subject4 ,ex]cise #a4--,tell :y ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces is decl>ative4 ,select ! subject1 & tell :y x is ! subject4 ,select ! pr$icate1 & tell :y x is ! pr$icate4 ,tell all ?is 9 good language4 ,write x ab\t "o ( ! s5t5ces1 & be sure to und]l9e ! words t %\ld be pr9t$ 9 italics4 7,see #b47 ,rememb] t all ! words 9 ! s5t5ce belong ei!r 9 ! subject or 9 ! pr$icate4 #a4 ,! village /reet 0 z quiet z ! fields4 #b4 ,! great cra%es ( deep bass notes s5t little ?rills d[n our backs4 #c4 ,! cat c\ld n f9d any?+ to eat except a ?91 dri$-up old mole4 #d4 ,little gray-ey$ ,c>ol9e w5t to live ) h] ,aunt ,fogg4 #e4 ,! travel]1 be+ q fa9t = lack ( food1 help$ himself to ! leg ( a roa/ *ick54 #f4 ,f\r is ! "r numb] = a pie4 #g4 ,a "y girl ( wond]ful beauty lay asleep on ! b$4 #h4 ,m>y %ut ! p>lor door ) a great slam4 #i4 ,beauty1 full ( surprise b v happy1 p]mitt$ ! pr9ce to lead h] to 8 palace4 #aj4 ,! magic song /ill rose f ! v9es outside ! *amb] w9d[4 #aa4 ,we cats are conf9$ entirely to ! society ( ea* o!r4 #ab4 ,! glassy wat] 0 sp>kl+ ) />s4 #ac4 ,locu/s dev\r$ ! gre5 ?+s ( ! valley4 #ad4 ,n a liv+ s\l 0 to be se54 #ae4 ,my little half-/>v$ cat grew :ite & plump & pretty4 ,ex]cise #b4--;,f9d five int]e/+ decl>ative s5t5ces 9 a /ory book4 ,write !m ) ! subject und]l9$4 ,ex]cise #c4--,write a fitt+ pr$icate = ea* ( ! foll[+ subjects3-- #a4 ,a boy ) a fi% pole #b4 ,abraham ,l9coln #c4 ,my la/ dime #d4 ,! man on ! ice wagon #e4 ,our old :ite roo/] #f4 ,n a girl 9 ! class #g4 ,! batt]$ old musket #h4 ,! haymak]s #i4 ,! m9]'s cab9 #aj4 ,mov+ picture %[s ,,ii4 ,,simple ,,subject4 ,,n\ns #c4 ,x is evid5t f ! s5t5ces 9 ,ex]cise #a1 p4 #aj1 t ! subject ( a s5t5ce may consi/ ( "o ^w or ( a gr\p ( words4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,pet] 0 sitt+ by himself10 ! subject is only ! "o ^w ,pet]4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,a lovely old lady ) :ite hair & a g5tle1 noble face came to ! door10 ! subject is a gr\p ( twelve words4 ,:at are !y8 ,:5 ! subject ( a s5t5ce is a gr\p ( words1 !re is always a base ^w 9 ! gr\p1 :i*1 m ?an any o!r ^w1 names or designates ! p]son1 place1 or ?+ ab\t :i* some?+ is said4 ,?is ^w is call$ ! simple subject4 ,:at is ! simple subject 9 ! s5t5ce t tells :o came to ! door8 ,:at are ! simple subjects 9 s5t5ces #a1 #b1 #e1 #g1 #ab1 #ad1 & #ae 9 ,ex]cise #a1 p4 #aj8 #d4 ,e ^w 9 a s5t5ce is us$ = a p>ticul> purpose4 ,because words are us$ = diff]5t purposes !y h be5 divid$ into classes call$ p>ts ( spee*4 ,9 ! s5t5ces j /udi$ ! words ,pet] & lady are us$ to "n c]ta9 p]sons4 ,"n words are call$ n\ns4 ,a n\n is a "p ( spee*4 #e4 ,n e n\n is ! "n ( a p]son4 ,_m are names ( places2 z1 ,o%ko%1 pa/ure1 corn]4 ,_m m are names ( ?+s ( all sorts2 z1 pea*1 violet1 bee1 ?imble1 automobile4 ,9 ! s5t5ce ab\t ! lovely old lady1 f9d ?ree n\ns t are names ( ?+s4 ,any n\n may be us$ z ! simple subject ( a s5t5ce4 ,write s5t5ces 9 :i* ! n\ns hair1 face1 & door are s us$4 ,summ>y4--,! simple subject ( a s5t5ce is ! base ^w1 or mo/ important ^w1 ( ! subject4 ,p>ts ( spee* are ! classes into :i* words are divid$ accord+ to _! use4 ,a n\n is a "n ^w4 ,a n\n may be us$ z ! simple subject ( a s5t5ce4 ,ex]cise4--,write a li/ ( all ! n\ns y c f9d 9 ! foll[+ p>agraphs4 ,tell :at ea* n\n is ! "n (4 ,po9t out five n\ns t are simple subjects4 ,:at are _! pr$icates8 #a4 ,at la/ ,purun ,dass w5t to ,engl& on a visit1 & _h to pay enorm\s sums to ! prie/s :5 he came back to ,india2 = ev5 s high-ca/e a ,brahm9 z he lo/ ca/e by cross+ ! black sea4 ,9 ,london he met & talk$ ) e "o wor? kn[+--m5 ^: names g all ov] ! _w--& saw a great deal m ?an he said4 ,he 0 giv5 honor>y degrees by le>n$ univ]sities1 & he made spee*es & talk$ ( ,h9du social re=m to ,engli% ladies 9 ev5+ dress1 till all ,london cri$1 8,?is is ! mo/ fasc9at+ man we h ev] met at d9n] s9ce clo?s 7 fir/ laid40 #b4 ,h] godmo!r laugh$1 & t\*$ ,c9d]ella also ) ! w&2 at :i* h] wret*$1 ?readb>e jacket became /iff ) gold1 & sp>kl+ ) jewels2 h] wool5 petticoat l5g!n$ into a g[n ( sweep+ sat91 f und]nea? :i* peep$ out h] little feet1 no long] b>e1 b cov]$ ) silk /ock+s & ! prettie/ glass slipp]s 9 ! _w4 8,n[1 ,c9d]ella1 dep>t2 b rememb]1 if y /ay "o in/ant aft] midnight1 y\r c>riage w become a pumpk91 y\r coa*man a rat1 y\r horses mice1 & y\r footm5 liz>ds2 :ile y y\rself w be ! little c9d] w5* y 7 an h\r ago40 ,,iii4 ,,classification ,,( ,,n\ns #f4 ,!re are c]ta9 be+s 9 ! _w t are call$ m51 & c]ta9 o!r be+s t are call$ horses1 c]ta9 ?+s t are call$ cities1 & c]ta9 o!r ?+s t are call$ riv]s1 h5ce ! words man1 horse1 city1 & riv] are names1 or n\ns4 ,s9ce ^! n\ns belong 9 common to a great _m individuals1 we call !m common n\ns4 #g4 ,on ! o!r h&1 e man1 e horse1 e city1 & e riv] is likely to h a special "n t di/+ui%es t p>ticul> man or horse or city or riv] f all o!rs4 ,cs>1 ,gypsy1 ,d5v]1 & ,p5obscot are su* names4 ,s9ce ^! names belong to only "o ?+ in/ead ( to a class ( ?+s1 we call !m prop] n\ns4 #h4 ,a common n\n is a "n t belongs to a p]son1 a place1 or a ?+ because ( its nature or qualities4 ,a boat is entitl$ to ! "n boat because x has ! *>act]i/ics ( boats4 ,a prop] n\n is a "n conf]r$ or giv5 by "s p]son1 z :5 a c]ta9 boat 0 nam$ by its own]s ,we/]nl&4 ,x sometimes happ5s t ! same "n is conf]r$ ^u sev]al objects4 ,!re is m ?an "o city nam$ ,madison1 m ?an "o dog nam$ ,%ep4 ,/ill ^! names are prop] names1 because !y are names conf]r$ ^u a special city & a special dog to di/+ui% !m f o!r cities & o!r dogs4 ,a prop] n\n always beg9s ) a capital lett]4 #i4 ,:5 a ^w d5ot+ relation%ip1 l fa!r1 "m1 uncle1 is us$ z ! "n ( a p>ticul> p]son1 x is a prop] n\n & %\ld !re=e beg9 ) a capital lett]2 z1 8,did ,fa!r say t ,gr&ma & ,auntie are com+80 #aj4 ,a title l ,colonel1 ,judge1 ,duke1 is a prop] n\n :5 x is us$ to d5ote a special p]son2 z1 8,?\s&s _h ga!r$ to welcome ! ,colonel home40 ,:5 su* a ^w is ! "n ( a class ( p]sons1 x is a common n\n2 z1 8,a new uni=m 0 design$ = ! colonels40 ,:5 a title is foll[$ by ano!r "n1 z1 ,colonel ,b\ck1 ,judge ,g>y1 ! two words are consid]$ z "o prop] n\n4 ,9 ! same way1 any gr\p ( two or m words =m+ "o special "n may be consid]$ z "o prop] n\n2 z1 ,lib]ty ,bell1 ,bay ( ,biscay1 ,m\nta9s ( ! ,moon4 ,9 su* gr\ps ( words1 ea* important ^w beg9s ) a capital lett]4 ,,note4--,names ( qualities1 conditions1 or actions are (t5 call$ ab/ract n\ns2 z1 hone/y1 p[]1 boyhood1 ! pass+ ( ! tra91 s\nd ?9k+1 susp5se4 ,summ>y4--,a common n\n is a n\n t belongs 9 common to ea* "o ( a class ( p]sons1 places1 or ?+s4 ,a prop] n\n is a "n t has be5 conf]r$ ^u a p>ticul> p]son1 place1 or ?+4 ,e prop] n\n %\ld beg9 ) a capital lett]4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! n\ns 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & tell :e!r !y are common or prop] n\ns4 ,give y\r reason 9 ea* case4 ,acc\nt = ! capitalization4 #a4 ,! ,b]mudas are a clu/] ( small isl&s1 ly+ z f> s\? z ,*>le/on1 z f> ea/ z ,nova ,scotia4 #b4 ,hotel ,hamilton is a l>ge1 commodi\s build+ ) _m pill>s & broad v]&as4 #c4 ,! ,t5$os is ly+ (f ,grassy ,bay1 mak+ h]self f9e to receive ! ,pr9cess ,l\ise1 & h] jolly t>s are 9 high spirits4 #d4 ,on ! ,sunday ( ! *ri/5+1 ,mrs4 ,h[e & h] *ildr5 wat*$ ! m]rymak+ 9 ,pov]ty ,lane f a second /ory w9d[4 #e4 ,:]e 0 ,prosp]o's cell8 ,:]e slept ! fair ,mir&a8 ,^u :at bank sat ,f]d9& :5 ,ariel sang8 #f4 ,! ,dulu? ,high ,s*ool is a f9e /ructure built ( r$ s&/one4 #g4 ,! ,deliv]ance 0 a %ip ( eighty tons4 #h4 ,old ,lobo1 or ! ,k+1 z ! ,mexicans call$ him1 0 ! gigantic lead] ( a rem>kable pack ( gray wolves1 t _h ravag$ ! ,currumpaw ,valley = a numb] ( ye>s4 #i4 ,ab\t ?is "t ,i met ) an odd volume ( ! ,spectator4 #aj4 ,wynk51 ,blynk51 & ,nod "o night ,sail$ (f 9 a wood5 %oe4 #aa4 ,let u all g to ! /ation ,monday to meet ,uncle4 #ab4 ,! c[s 7 com+ "o by "o2 ,br9dle1 ,ebony1 ,speckle1 & ,bess1 ,%ak+ _! horns 9 ! ev5+ w9d4 #ac4 ,gunp[d] _h be5 a favorite /e$ ( 8 ma/]'s1 ! *ol]ic ,van ,ripp]1 :o 0 a furi\s rid]4 #ad4 ,up/ream1 at ! b5d ( ! sluggi% pool r\nd ! ,peace ,rock1 /ood ,ha?i1 ! wild elephant1 ) 8 sons1 gaunt & gray 9 ! moonlight4 #ae4 ,9 8 eigh? ye> ,*>les ,lamb ent]$ ,*ri/'s ,hospital1 a fam\s s*ool 9 ,london4 ,x is evid5t f ?is ex]cise t sev]al diff]5t sorts ( ?+s1 z hotels1 /reets1 books1 & %ips1 may h special names conf]r$ ^u !m4 ,?9k ( t5 o!r ?+s t may h special names1 & write two names = ea* "o4 ,,iv4 ,,v]bs #aa4 ,j z ! subject ( a s5t5ce may consi/ ( only "o ^w1 s may ! pr$icate4 ,h5ce x is t a decl>ative s5t5ce may conta9 only two words1 "o be+ ! subject & ! o!r ! pr$icate2 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,wat] runs40 ,"h ! n\n wat] names ! ?+ ab\t :i* some?+ is told1 & ! ^w runs tells some?+ ab\t wat]4 #ab4 ,9 e pr$icate1 no matt] h[ long x is1 !re is always "o ^w1 or a little gr\p ( words1 :i* does m ( ! tell+ ?an all ! re/ ( ! pr$icate4 ,9 fact1 )\t ?is ^w or gr\p ( words1 !re w\ld be no /atem5t at all4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,a r$ sa% ) fr+es ( gold wraps 8 wai/ sev]al times10 ! pr$icate consi/s ( five words1 b ! "o ^w t c\nts = mo/ 9 mak+ ! /atem5t is ! ^w wraps4 ,?is ^w is call$ a v]b4 ,a v]b is a "p ( spee*4 ,a v]b1 be+ ! ess5tial "p ( a pr$icate1 is call$ ! simple pr$icate4 #ac4 ,sometimes a v]b consi/s ( two1 or ?ree1 or ev5 f\r words4 ,:at is ! v]b 9 ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces8-- ,all ! *]ries _h be5 pick$ f ! trees ne> ! h\se4 ,! wat*man on ! ro( 0 li/5+ = ! fir/ s\nds ( day4 ,a tall1 d>k figure might h be5 se5 at ! end ( ! av5ue4 #ad4 ,:5 ! v]b 9 a giv5 s5t5ce has be5 f\nd1 ! subject may be discov]$ by ask+ ! "q =m$ by plac+ ! ^w :o or :at be=e ! v]b4 ,= example1 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! p>rot's /ory1 ) ! v>i\s pauses & int]ruptions1 occupi$ a good deal ( "t10 occupi$ is ! v]b because x is ! tell+ ^w4 ,ask+ ! "q :at occupi$8 we get ! answ]1 ! p>rot's /ory1 ) ! v>i\s pauses & int]ruptions1 h5ce ?is gr\p ( words is ! subject4 ,:at is ! simple subject8 #ae4 ,9 gramm> we (t5 use ! ^w ass]tion in/ead ( /atem5t1 & ! ^w ass]t in/ead ( make a /atem5t4 ,summ>y4--,a v]b is an ass]t+ ^w4 ,a v]b may consi/ ( "o ^w1 two1 ?ree1 or f\r words1 b nev] ( m ?an f\r words4 ,a v]b is ! necess>y "p ( e pr$icate1 h5ce x is call$ ! simple pr$icate4 ,to f9d ! subject ( a v]b1 ask ! "q made by us+ ! ^w :o or :at be=e ! v]b4 ,ex]cise4--,divide ! foll[+ s5t5ces into subject & pr$icate4 ,select ! pr$icate v]b1 & tell :y x is a v]b4 ,f9d ! simple subject ( ea* s5t5ce4 ,tell :at "p ( spee* x is1 & :y4 #a4 ,! procession mov$ f ! palace to ! *ur* ) great pomp4 #b4 ,! blue eyes ( ! ,greek sp>kl$4 #c4 ,! magnific5t build+s ( ! hospital /& on level l& ne> ! riv]4 #d4 ,! g5tle "y bride 0 fright5$ by ! sil5t1 my/]i\s ways ( ! old ,indian4 #e4 ,! poore/ twig on ! elm tree ,0 ridg$ in* deep ) pe>l4 #f4 ,! great hall ( ! palace 0 illum9at$ ) a ?\s& lamps4 #g4 ,8 anvil makes no music on ,sunday4 #h4 ,! raccoon's /ory 0 receiv$ ) g5]al approbation4 #i4 ,?is old hunt] mu/ h told _m tales4 #aj4 ,our conf]5ce "u ! peepul tree _h be5 gr[+ noisi] & noisi]4 #aa4 ,"o great "n c make a c\ntry great4 #ab4 ,! camels slept4 #ac4 ,no ,european c\ld h made five miles a day ov] ! ice rubbi% & ! %>p-edg$ drifts4 #ad4 ,! c[s %\ld h be5 milk$ be=e sund[n4 #ae4 ,! deep wat]s ( ! bay ,/ir ) ! brea? ( hurry+ day4 #af4 ,wully c\ld n h imag9$ any great] be+ ?an 8 ma/]4 #ag4 ,ev]y?+ out ( doors 0 %ea!d 9 silv] mail4 #ah4 ,! duck "m w\ld h lik$ ! eel's head h]self4 ,9 s5t5ce #ah is h]self 9 ! subject or 9 ! pr$icate8 ,v4 ,,pron\ns #af4 ,:5 a p]son makes an ass]tion ab\t himself he uses = ! subject ( 8 s5t5ce1 n 8 "n1 b ! ^w ,i in/ead4 ,w ,dunlap does n say1 8,w ,dunlap saw a flock ( wild geese ?is morn+1 & he>d !m too40 ,he says1 8,i saw a flock ( wild geese ?is morn+1 & he>d !m too40 ,! ^w ,i1 :i* is us$ in/ead ( a "n1 or n\n1 is call$ a pron\n4 ,a pron\n is a "p ( spee*4 ,:at pron\n besides ,i d y f9d 9 ! s5t5ce quot$8 ,= :at n\n is x us$8 #ag4 ,pron\ns are us$ a good deal1 especially 9 conv]sation1 = (t5 in/ead ( us+ ! "n ( ! p]son we are speak+ to1 we use ! pron\n y2 & 9 speak+ ( p]sons1 we use1 provid$ _! names are already kn[n to our li/5]s1 ! pron\ns he1 %e1 or !y4 ,summ>y4--,a pron\n is a ^w us$ in/ead ( a n\n4 ,a pron\n c be ! subject ( a s5t5ce4 ,by ! use ( pron\ns we avoid ! repetition ( n\ns & ! use ( clumsy expressions4 ,ex]cise4--,9 ! foll[+ conv]sation select all ! pron\ns4 ,rewrite a portion ( ! conv]sation1 us+ ! n\ns t ! pron\ns /& =4 ,9 *ang+ pron\ns to n\ns x is sometimes necess>y to make a *ange 9 ! v]b also4 ,aft] us+ n\ns = pron\ns1 tell :at y ?9k ab\t ! usefulness ( pron\ns4 8,:at d y ?9k1 ,tirzah8 ,i am go+ away40 ,tirzah dropp$ h] h&s ) amazem5t4 8,go+ away6 ,:58 ,:]e8 ,= :at80 ,judah laugh$1 !n said1 8,?ree que/ions1 all 9 a brea?4 ,:at a body y are60 ,next in/ant he became s]i\s4 8,y "k ! law requires me to foll[ "s occupation4 ,our good fa!r set me an example4 ,ev5 y w\ld despise me if ,i sp5t 9 idl5ess ! results ( 8 indu/ry & k4 ,i am go+ to ,rome40 8,oh1 ,i w g ) y40 8,y mu/ /ay ) ,"m4 ,if bo? ( u leave h]1 %e w die40 ,! brightness fad$ f h] face4 8,ah1 yes1 yes6 ,b--mu/ y g8 ,"h 9 ,j]usalem y c le>n all t is ne$$ to be a m]*ant--if t is :at y are ?9k+ (40 8,b t is n :at ,i am ?9k+ (4 ,! law does n require ! son to be :at ! fa!r 040 8,:at else c y be80 8,a soldi]10 he repli$1 ) a c]ta9 pride ( voice4 ,te>s came into h] eyes4 8,y w be kill$40 8,if ,god's w1 be x s4 ,b1 ,tirzah1 ! soldi]s are n all kill$40 ,%e ?rew h] arms ar\nd 8 neck1 z if to hold him back4 8,we are s happy6 ,/ay at home1 my bro!r40 8,home _c always be :at x is4 ,y y\rself w be go+ away be=e long40 8,nev]60 ,he smil$ at h] e>ne/ness4 8,a pr9ce w come soon & claim my ,tirzah1 & ride away ) h]1 to be ! light ( ano!r h\se40 ,%e answ]$ ) sobs4 8,w> is a trade10 he cont9u$1 m sob]ly4 8,to le>n x ?or\ghly1 "o mu/ g to s*ool1 & !re is no s*ool l a ,roman camp40 --,,lew ,,wallace4 ,,vi4 ,,comp\nd ,,subject ,,& ,,comp\nd ,,pr$icate #ah4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t a p]son p]=ms sev]al actions at ! same "t1 & t all ( !m are wor? tell+4 ,9 su* a case we d n make sev]al sep>ate s5t5ces1 b "o s5t5ce ) sev]al pr$icates2 z1 8,i look$ at my plate & w9k$ back ! te>s40 ,"h we h two pr$icate v]bs1 look$ & w9k$1 h5ce two ass]tions4 ,9 su* a s5t5ce we say t !re is a comp\nd pr$icate4 #ai4 ,! comp\nd pr$icate is us$ also :5 we tell ( a numb] ( actions p]=m$ 9 succession by "o subject2 z1 8,fa!r ,wolf woke up f 8 day's re/1 scrat*$ himself1 yawn$1 & spread out 8 paws "o aft] ! o!r to get rid ( ! sleepy feel+ 9 ! tips40 ,h[ _m pr$icates are !re 9 ?is s5t5ce8 ,:at m>k sep>ates !m8 ,two or m pr$icates 9 succession1 hav+ ! same subject1 =m :at is call$ a s]ies4 ,words or gr\ps ( words 9 a s]ies are sep>at$ f ea* o!r by ! comma unless "s jo9+ ^w is us$2 b :5 only ! la/ two ( a s]ies are jo9$ by "s ^w1 ! comma is us$ be=e ?is ^w4 #bj4 ,we frequ5tly wi% to make ! same ass]tion ab\t sev]al p]sons or ?+s1 b we d n make sev]al s5t5ces1 repeat+ ! pr$icate ea* "t1 = t w\ld be t$i\s4 ,in/ead1 we make "o s5t5ce ) sev]al subjects2 z1 8,! fre% fruit & milk & ! slices ( cold *ick5 look$ v nice40 ,?is s5t5ce has ?ree di/9ct subjects4 ,:at are !y8 ,9 su* a s5t5ce we say t !re is a comp\nd subject4 ,:y is no comma us$ 9 ?is s5t5ce8 ,summ>y4--,a comp\nd subject is "o t consi/s ( two or m di/9ct subjects unit$ into "o4 ,a comp\nd pr$icate is "o t consi/s ( two or m di/9ct pr$icates unit$ into "o4 ,two p>ts ( a comp\nd pr$icate are sep>at$ f ea* o!r by a comma unless !y are v %ort4 ,:5 !re are m ?an two p>ts1 & ! la/ two are jo9$ by "s su* ^w z &1 a comma is plac$ aft] ea* "p1 ev5 be=e ! jo9+ ^w4 ,:5 a comp\nd subject consi/s ( m ?an two p>ts1 a comma is plac$ aft] ea* "p1 unless all ! p>ts are jo9$ by "s ^w4 ,any s5t5ce may h a comp\nd subject1 or a comp\nd pr$icate1 or bo?4 ,ex]cise4--,tell :y ! foll[+ s5t5ces are decl>ative4 ,tell :e!r ea* has a comp\nd subject1 or a comp\nd pr$icate1 or bo?4 ,write ea* s5t5ce1 & draw a v]tical l9e betwe5 subject & pr$icate4 ,und]l9e ! simple subjects1 & tell :at "p ( spee* !y are4 ,und]l9e also ! simple pr$icates1 or pr$icate v]bs4 ,acc\nt = ! punctuation4 #a4 ,! o>s dipp$1 arose1 pois$ a mom5t1 !n dipp$ aga91 ) w+like action1 & 9 p]fect "t4 #b4 ,! eyes & m\?s ( ! auditors op5$ wide4 #c4 ,?is poor *ild became ! scapegoat ( ! h\se1 & 0 blam$ = ev]y?+4 #d4 ,! f\r cane-seat$ *airs1 ! walnut table1 ! hairclo? s(a1 & ! little /& always spoke to me ( my *ildhood days4 #e4 ,%e took ! key bravely1 b op5$ ) a trembl+ h& ! door ( ! little room4 #f4 ,su* timb] & su* workman%ip don't come toge!r (t5 9 h\ses built n[adays4 #g4 ,va/ cr[ds ( spectators l9$ ! way1 or gaz$ ^u ! sc5e f ! h\setops4 #h4 ,! rid] !n put 8 foot ^u ! camel's sl5d] neck1 & /epp$ ^u ! s&4 #i4 ,! labor]s paus$1 sat up1 wrung ! wat] f _! h&s1 & return$ ! salutation4 #aj4 ,! /atue ( ! ,indian *ief or ! soldi]s' monum5t 9 ! public squ>e 0 giv5 to ! city by "o ( ! pione]s4 #aa4 ,spruce ba*elors look$ sidelong at ! pretty maid5s1 & fanci$ t ! ,sabba? sun%9e made !m pretti] ?an on week days4 #ab4 ,gr&mo!rs1 mo!rs1 & aunts sat across ! end ( ! hall4 #ac4 ,he br\ght a c>pet or squ>e rug f ! litt]1 & cov]$ ! floor ( ! t5t on ! side f ! sun4 #ad4 ,*ildr5 ) bright faces tripp$ m]rily beside _! p>5ts1 or mimick$ a grav] gait 9 ! consci\s dignity ( _! ,sunday clo!s4 ,,vii4 ,,transpos$ ,,subject ,,& ,,pr$icate #ba4 ,! s5t5ces /udi$ ?us f> h be5 arrang$ s t ! subject comes fir/1 !n ! pr$icate4 ,?is is call$ ! natural ord]4 ,sometimes1 = ! sake ( emphasis1 we rev]se ?is ord]1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,9 a long %$ beh9d ! *ur* /ood a score ( wagons & *aises & c>ryalls40 ,?is is call$ ! transpos$ ord]4 ,sometimes1 = ! sake ( a pleas+ arrangem5t1 we put only a portion ( ! pr$icate be=e ! subject1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,ov] ! highe/ peaks a vulture sail$ on broad w+s into wid5+ circles40 ,"h ! subject is v %ort & ! pr$icate v long4 ,! s5t5ce balances bett] ) a portion ( ! pr$icate com+ fir/4 ,?is also is a case ( transpos$ ord]4 ,summ>y4--,! natural ord] 9 a s5t5ce is fir/ ! subject & !n ! pr$icate4 ,:5 ! words ( a s5t5ce are n 9 _! natural ord]1 we say t ! s5t5ce is transpos$4 ,ex]cise #a4--,re>range ! foll[+ s5t5ces s t !y w be 9 ! natural ord]1 !n proce$ z y did ) ! s5t5ces 9 ! ex]cise on p4 #ba4 ,tell 9 ea* case :e!r y l ! natural or ! transpos$ ord] bett]1 & :y4 #a4 ,ar\nd him1 )9 h&'s rea*1 lie osi] boxes full ( almonds1 grapes1 figs1 & pomegranates4 #b4 ,?is *all5ge ,=tunatus accept$4 #c4 ,on travel$ ! lady & ! bull ?r\gh _m dreadful =e/s & lonely wa/es4 #d4 ,on t fir/ ,*ri/mas morn+ 9 _! own home1 ! *ildr5 f\nd _! gifts 9 little piles on two ( ! p>lor *airs4 #e4 ,?r\gh ! wide no/rils ! camel drank ! w9d 9 great draughts4 #f4 ,out ( ! wide hall c\ld be he>d 9 ! /illness ! old clock4 #g4 ,at full spe$ a g5u9e ,syrian drom$>y ov]takes ! ord9>y w9ds4 #h4 ,v h>d ,johnny work$ on ! h\se4 #i4 8,come 910 said a w>m1 com=table voice on ! o!r side ( ! door4 #aj4 ,d[n w come ,baby1 ,b\gh1 cradle1 & all4 #aa4 ,9 ! g>ret meet toge!r all ! brok5-d[n *airs ( ! h\sehold1 all ! spav9$ tables1 all ! se$y hats1 all ! intoxicat$-look+ boots1 all ! split walk+ /icks t h retir$ f bus9ess1 8we>y ) ! m>* ( life40 ,acc\nt = ! commas 9 s5t5ces #aj & #aa4 ,ex]cise #b4--;,*ange ! foll[+ s5t5ces to ! transpos$ ord]4 ,tell :y y l !m bett] s4 #a4 ,pussy walk$ along ) a sl[ & delib]ate gait directly beh9d my si/] & me4 #b4 ,a r$ rose1 a yell[ rose1 a woodb9e1 & a clematis grew up ! f\r walls4 #c4 ,! roll ( ! drum 0 hu%$ at ! old man's ^w & out/ret*$ arm4 #d4 ,a mat ( long1 uncomb$ hair hangs ov] 8 eyes & face1 & d[n 8 back4 #e4 ,! :ole c>pet came out "r on my head4 #f4 ,a little rabbit sat on a bank "o morn+4 #g4 ,daylight & safety 7 on ! o!r side ( t door4 #h4 ,! bird flew on & on1 up ! /eep m\nta94 #i4 ,a v amus+ ?+ 9 ?is /ory comes n[4 #aj4 ,! rema9s ( a great elephant h be5 f\nd 9 ! curi\s po?oles ne> ,cohoes1 ,new ,york4 ,,viii4 ,,int]rogative ,,s5t5ces #bb4 ,mo/ ( ! s5t5ces 9 books are decl>ative s5t5ces1 writt5 to make /atem5ts1 b 9 spee* we frequ5tly make use ( ano!r k9d ( s5t5ce1 "o t asks a "q2 z1 8,d y "k h[ to tell a %eep's age80 ,?is is call$ an int]rogative s5t5ce4 #bc4 ,! int]rogative s5t5ce1 8,:at dw>fs made t armor80 is 9 ! natural ord]1 b ?is is n ! usual ord] 9 int]rogative s5t5ces4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,d y "k h[ to tell a %eep's age80 we f9d fir/ a "p ( ! v]b1 !n ! subject1 !n ! o!r "p ( ! v]b & ! re/ ( ! pr$icate4 ,h[ w\ld ?is s5t5ce read if x 7 9 ! natural ord]8 ,w\ld x !n be an int]rogative s5t5ce8 ,,note4--,s9ce an int]rogative s5t5ce does n make a /atem5t1 x may seem /range to def9e ! v]b 9 su* a s5t5ce z an ass]t+ ^w1 b 9 mak+ def9itions we mu/ ?9k ( ! fundam5tal nature & ! typical use ( :at we are def9+4 ,! prim>y (fice ( ! v]b is to ass]t1 z 9 decl>ative s5t5ces2 h5ce1 we def9e ! v]b z an ass]t+ ^w1 ?\gh x may also be us$ 9 ask+ que/ions4 ,summ>y4--,an int]rogative s5t5ce is "o t asks a "q4 ,an int]rogative s5t5ce is usually 9 ! transpos$ ord]1 & is always foll[$ by a "q m>k4 ,ex]cise4--,tell :e!r ! foll[+ s5t5ces are 9 ! natural or ! transpos$ ord]4 ,put into ! natural ord] ^? :i* are transpos$4 ,divide ea* s5t5ce into subject & pr$icate4 ,select ! simple subject & ! pr$icate v]b1 or simple pr$icate4 #a4 ,did y ev] he> ( a cat's play+ hide & seek8 #b4 ,:at became ( y aft] ! ,pr9cess's dea?8 #c4 ,w no o!r diet s]ve y b poor ,jack8 #d4 ,:i* fl[] does y\r "m l be/8 #e4 ,:at h>m c a nak$ frog d u8 #f4 ,w ! t[n cri] tell u ( an auction1 or ( a lo/ pocket-book1 or ( a %[ ( beautiful wax figures1 or ( "s mon/r\s bea/ m horrible ?an any 9 ! c>avan8 #g4 ,:y did no smile ( welcome bright5 ^u 8 face8 #h4 ,:at did ,pet]son-,sahib mean by ! elephant dance8 #i4 ,h[ _m p h ev] come to "k a wild animal8 #aj4 ,:at important bus9ess made y late to d9n]8 #aa4 ,:at plant we 9 ?is apple tree8 #ab4 ,:at o!r man w\ld h discov]$ s _m virtues "u s mean a dress8 #ac4 ,:at d p fi% = 9 ?is c\ntry8 #ad4 ,does t />-spangl$ bann] yet wave ,o'er ! l& ( ! free1 & ! home ( ! brave8 #ae4 ,:]e did y get y\r eyes s blue8 #af4 ,:o w ex*ange old lamps = new ones8 #ag4 ,:at makes y\r *eek l a w>m1 :ite rose8 ,,ix4 ,,adjectives #bd4 ,f ! s5t5ce1 8,! road l$ u to a gate1 & t to a doory>d & a h\se10 we get a picture1 b x is nei!r def9ite nor attractive4 ,contra/ x ) ! picture t we get f ?is s5t5ce1 8,! pleasant1 elm-%ad$ road l$ u to a ru/ic gate1 & t to a gre5 doory>d1 & a long1 l[1 br[n h\se40 ,! diff]5ce is caus$ by ! descriptive words 9 ! second s5t5ce4 ,:i* words describe ! road8 ! gate8 ! doory>d8 ! h\se8 ,^! descriptive words g ) n\ns1 & describe ! object nam$ by ! n\n4 ,we call !m adjectives4 ,an adjective is a "p ( spee*4 ,adjectives are said to modify ! n\ns !y g )1 & are call$ modifi]s4 #be4 ,mo/ adjectives describe objects by tell+ size1 %ape1 color1 texture1 or o!r qualities4 ,a few adjectives tell numb] or am\nt2 z1 five m9utes1 mu* pati5ce4 ,a few m]ely po9t out2 z1 ?is mead[1 next ,*ri/mas4 ,! words a1 an1 & ! are adjectives4 #bf4 ,:5 sev]al adjectives modify ! same n\n1 !y =m a s]ies1 & are usually sep>at$ f ea* o!r by commas2 z1 8,a holl[1 boom+1 om9\s cry rang out sudd5ly1 & />tl$ ! d>k edges ( ! =e/40 ,9 su* a s5t5ce z ?is1 8,f\r little old ,fr5* ladies rose to dance ! m9uet10 no commas %\ld be us$1 because ! adjectives modify m ?an ! n\n ladies4 ,f\r modifies little old ,fr5* ladies2 little modifies old ,fr5* ladies2 old modifies ,fr5* ladies2 & ,fr5* modifies ladies4 #bg4 ,sometimes adjectives modify a pron\n in/ead ( a n\n1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,tom miss$ ! ^w1 & ,i1 happy & triumphant1 took 8 place at ! head40 ,h[ d we "k t ! adjectives happy & triumphant modify ! pron\n ,i8 ,summ>y4--,an adjective is a ^w us$ to po9t out or describe an object & modify a n\n or a pron\n4 ,adjectives usually prec$e ! n\ns !y modify b foll[ ! pron\ns4 ,:5 sev]al adjectives modify a s+le n\n1 !y are sep>at$ by commas4 ,a modifi] is a ^w or a gr\p ( words t goes ) ano!r ^w to affect its mean+4 ,ex]cise #a4--,select all ! adjectives 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & tell :at !y modify4 ,acc\nt = ! punctuation4 #a4 ,on ano!r side /ood an old piano1 a t9kl+1 rattl+1 m]rymak+ old piano1 play$ by a "y lady ) a melan*oly smile4 #b4 ,9 ! d>k valley t ran d[n to a little riv]1 ,fa!r ,wolf he>d ! dry1 angry1 sn>ly1 s+song :9e ( a tig]4 #c4 ,a small girl1 ) tw9kl+ eyes & a m]ry face1 got up & made h] way to ! front4 #d4 ,only lov+ f+]s c\ld h tak5 ^? t9y1 ev5 /it*es4 #e4 ,*>les c>ri$ wat] = ! circus m51 :ile ,i1 scornful & lazy b envi\s1 sat on ! f5ce & wat*$ him4 #f4 ,mammy ,tittleback is a spl5did1 great tortoise-%ell cat4 #g4 ,i f\nd myself s9k+ into "s horrible1 s(t1 slimy1 /icky sub/ance4 #h4 ,few %ips come to ,riv]m\? n[4 #i4 ,cs> has "o ( ! f9e/1 deepe/-ton$ voices ,i ev] he>d4 #aj4 ,y c speak & smile *e]fully :ile y are enjoy+ e com=t ( a snug1 w>m fireside1 b y %\ld n expect u1 hungry1 wet1 & cold1 to be 9 ! same *e]ful mood4 #aa4 ,sudd5ly ! *ur* clock toll$ a deep1 dull1 holl[1 melan*oly 8"o40 #ab4 ,! next be/ ?+ to cold potato & cream is cold roa/ *ick51 & occasionally ,i f\nd a good fat drum/ick or a curl+ neck f ^: corrugat$ bones ,i nibbl$ savory morsels4 ,ex]cise #b4--,write s5t5ces us+ ! foll[+ words z adjectives4 ,make y\r s5t5ces su* t !y reveal ! mean+ ( ! adjectives4 awkw>d brilliant clammy false glassy graceful gre$y huge mild moi/ pa!tic %aggy slight sly soggy ,ex]cise #c4--,write s5t5ces conta9+ ! foll[+ n\ns1 ea* modifi$ by two or m adjectives3-- cabbage c>pet cl\d de$ g>d5 grapes h& hat ma*9e mill pupil room %ip /ory tea*] #bh4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 :at ^w describes ! /atue8 ! bureau8 ! lamp8 ! r+s8 ,a bronze /atue ( ,b5jam9 ,frankl9 /ood 9 ,lafayette ,p>k4 ,! mahogany bureau conta9$ a desk ) _m draw]s & pigeon holes4 ,we grew tir$ ( ! gorge\sness ( our p>lor lamp4 ,indians ( bo? sexes are fond ( bracelets1 necklaces1 & f+] r+s4 ,^! f\r descriptive words are "n words1 h5ce by nature !y are n\ns2 b 9 ^! s5t5ces !y are us$ z adjectives1 & %\ld !re=e be call$ adjectives4 ,ex]cise #d4--,write s5t5ces 9 :i* ! foll[+ n\ns are us$ z adjectives3-- silv]1 copp]1 t91 iron1 /eel4 maple1 oak1 p9e1 hickory1 c$>4 kit*51 hall1 cell>1 ro(1 libr>y4 h&1 head1 foot1 *eek1 neck4 ,?9k ( t5 o!r n\ns t may be us$ z adjectives4 ,x4 ,,adv]bs #bi4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! donkey ate an armful ( gre5 grass10 we are told :at action ! donkey p]=m$1 b we are n told ! mann] 9 :i* he p]=m$ ! action4 ,v (t5 mann] is wor? tell+1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! donkey ate leisurely an armful ( gre5 grass40 ,s9ce ! ^w leisurely tells h[ ! donkey ate1 x mu/ g ) ! ^w ate4 ,we say ( x :at we said ( adjectives1 t x modifies ! ^w x goes )4 ,s9ce x modifies a v]b1 x is diff]5t f any "p ( spee* t we h /udi$ be=e4 ,we call x an adv]b4 #cj4 ,! great diff]5ce betwe5 adjectives & adv]bs is ?is1 t ! adjective modifies a n\n or a pron\n1 & ! adv]b usually modifies a v]b4 ,adjectives describe objects1 :i* are nam$ by n\ns1 & adv]bs usually describe actions1 :i* are ass]t$ by v]bs4 #ca4 ,n all adv]bs tell mann]4 ,!y frequ5tly tell "t1 place1 direction1 degree1 or o!r circum/ances2 z 9 ^! s5t5ces3-- ,n[ ! c[ w\ld be eat+ 9 "o place1 & !n %e w\ld walk to ano!r4 ,"h & !re a snag lift$ its nose out ( ! wat] l a %>k4 ,= weeks 8 %ip sail$ onw>d ov] a lonely ocean4 ,"m's sudd5 cry fright5$ me t]ribly4 #cb4 ,x 0 po9t$ out 9 ,lesson ,,ix t adjectives frequ5tly tell "s quality ( an object4 ,sometimes we wi% to tell 9 :at degree ?is quality is possess$1 z 9 ! expressions1 a v tall man1 an exce$+ly hot day1 too ripe fruit4 ,"h ! words v1 exce$+ly1 & too g ) ! adjectives tall1 hot1 & ripe to d5ote degree4 ,su* words are said to modify ! adjectives !y g )4 ,words t modify adjectives are also call$ adv]bs4 ,,note4--,a gr\p ( words l v tall & exce$+ly hot may be call$ an adjective elem5t4 ,its base ^w is an adjective1 modifi$ by an adv]b4 ,x is ! :ole elem5t1 or gr\p ( words1 t modifies ! n\n4 ,adv]bs ( degree may modify adv]bs z well z adjectives1 z 9 ! s5t5ces1 8,! fox ran v swiftly10 8,y speak too rapidly40 ,summ>y4--,an adv]b is a ^w t modifies a v]b1 an adjective1 or ano!r adv]b4 ,adv]bs usually tell "t1 place1 mann]1 direction1 or degree4 ,unless a s5t5ce is transpos$1 ! adv]b %\ld be z ne> z possible to ! ^w x modifies4 ,adv]bs 9 a s]ies are sep>at$ f ea* o!r by commas4 ,ex]cise #a4--,select all ! adv]bs 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,tell :at ea* adv]b modifies1 & :at x d5otes4 #a4 ,p ) lant]ns ru%$ hi!r & ?i!r4 #b4 ,! isl& is sep>at$ f ! ma9l& by a sc>cely p]ceptible creek4 #c4 ,& s ! tea*] turn$ him out1 ,& /ill he l+]$ ne>1 ,& wait$ pati5tly ab\t ,till ,m>y did appe>4 #d4 ,fa9tly1 9 g5tle :iffs1 ! lilies on ! l[ m>ble %elf ?rew (f _! delicate fragrance4 #e4 ,quackal9a 0 sitt+ happily among ! re$s ) h] de> ones "u h] w+s1 :ile ,sir ,sooty waddl$ pr\dly ar\nd h]4 #f4 ,9 y\? ! tulip tree has a trunk peculi>ly smoo?4 #g4 ,on "o occasion ,gypsy put 9 h] head1 & lapp$ up six cu/>d pies t _h be5 plac$ by ! casem5t to cool4 #h4 ,no wild animals 7 ev] tra9$ by ! anci5ts4 #i4 ,! pap] 0 pass$ skillfully f desk to desk until x f9ally rea*$ my h&s4 #aj4 ,messua's husb& _h "s rem>kably f9e buffaloes t worri$ him exce$+ly4 #aa4 ,! *>coal burn]s w5t (f v valiantly 9 s+le file4 #ab4 ,sometimes my head almo/ a*es ) ! v>iety ( my k4 #ac4 ,knots ( gossips l+]$ "h & !re ne> ! place4 #ad4 ,?is talk amus$ me greatly1 b x w5t 9 at "o e> & out at ! o!r4 #ae4 ,my fa!r inve/$ 8 money s securely 9 ! bank+ bus9ess t he 0 nev] able to get any ( x out aga94 #af4 ,yond] ,i %all sit d[n & get k4 #ag4 ,!n he w\ld crawl =w>d in* by in*1 & wait till ! seal came up to brea!4 #ah4 ,no "o c "w well )\t sleep4 #ai4 ,?is jackal 0 peculi>ly l[1 a clean]-up ( village rubbi% heaps1 desp]ately timid1 or wildly bold1 ev]la/+ly hungry1 & full ( cunn+ t nev] did him any good4 #bj4 ,! ,black ,pan!r rais$ 8 head & yawn$--elaborately1 c>efully1 & o/5tati\sly4 ,acc\nt = ! commas 9 ! la/ s5t5ce4 ,ex]cise #b4--,write s5t5ces conta9+ adv]bs ( mann] modify+ ! foll[+ v]bs3-- comes goes plays reads s+s skates speaks /udies walks works ,ex]cise #c4--,write s5t5ces conta9+ ! foll[+ adv]bs3-- upw>d1 d[nw>d1 =w>d1 backw>d1 headlong1 nor?1 s\?w>d4 ev]y:]e1 n[h]e1 some:]e1 any:]e4 seldom1 (t51 always1 sometimes1 =ev]4 p]fectly1 unusually1 unspeakably1 positively1 mis]ably4 ,use ! la/ five adv]bs to modify adjectives or adv]bs4 ,:at w !y d5ote :5 s us$8 ,ex]cise #d4--;,=m adv]bs f ! foll[+ adjectives3-- c>eless dre>y firm g5tle ha/y noble pa9ful %>p sl[ wide ,:at "p ( spee* are ! words *illy1 deadly1 holy1 k9dly1 lively1 lovely8 ,use !m 9 s5t5ces to f9d out4 ,,xi4 ,,phrases4 ,,analysis ,,( ,,s5t5ces #cc4 ,we _c always describe or po9t out objects z fully z we wi% by means ( adjectives1 & s we use ano!r sort ( modifi]1 :i* is n a s+le ^w1 b a gr\p ( words4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,broad1 flat fields )\t f5ces /ret* 9 e direction10 we describe ! fields by ! two adjectives broad & flat1 & by ! gr\p ( words1 )\t f5ces4 ,?us ! n\n fields has ?ree modifi]s1 & !y are v well plac$1 two ( !m com+ be=e ! n\n1 & "o ( !m aft] x4 ,9 ! gr\p ( words )\t f5ces1 ! two words are closely relat$ to ea* o!r4 ,9 fact1 nei!r ( !m c\ld be 9 ! s5t5ce at all )\t ! o!r4 ,su* a gr\p ( relat$ words is call$ a phrase4 ,:5 a phrase modifies a n\n1 we say x is an adjective phrase4 #cd4 ,9 ! same s5t5ce !re is ano!r phrase1 9 e direction1 tell+ :]e ! fields /ret*4 ,s9ce ?is phrase modifies ! v]b1 x p]=ms ! same (fice z an adv]b1 & we !re=e call x an adv]bial phrase4 #ce4 ,phrases nev] consi/ ( few] ?an two words1 & !y may consi/ ( a good _m1 = x is possible to h "o or m phrases )9 a phrase4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,i 0 born 9 a /able on ! outskirts ( a small t[n 9 ,ma9e10 ! v]b 0 born is modifi$ by a long phrase1 9 a /able on ! outskirts ( a small t[n 9 ,ma9e4 ,! n\n /able 9 ?is phrase is modifi$ by ! phrase on ! outskirts ( a small t[n 9 ,ma9e4 ,! n\n outskirts 9 ?is second phrase is modifi$ by ! phrase ( a small t[n 9 ,ma9e4 ,! n\n t[n 9 ?is ?ird phrase is modifi$ by ! f\r? phrase1 9 ,ma9e4 #cf4 ,phrases d n always modify ! ^w !y come next to2 !y modify ! ^w ^: mean+ !y tell some?+ ab\t4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,i scrambl$ ?r\gh ! ev]gre5s to my fri5d's little hut j be=e sunset10 !re is no phrase )9 ano!r phrase1 b !re are ?ree entirely di/9ct phrases4 ,:at are !y8 #cg4 ,a s]ies ( phrases consi/s ( two or m phrases ea* modify+ ! same ^w2 z1 8,ours is a gov]nm5t ( ! p1 = ! p1 & by ! p40 ,phrases 9 a s]ies are sep>at$ f ea* o!r by a comma4 ,:y d n ! phrases 9 ! s5t5ce 9 #ce =m a s]ies8 ,x might seem at fir/ ?\ght t ! s5t5ce 9 #cf conta9s a s]ies ( ?ree phrases2 b x does n1 = ! phrases d n modify ! same ^w4 ,?r\gh ! ev]gre5s modifies scrambl$2 to my fri5d's little hut modifies scrambl$ ?r\gh ! ev]gre5s4 ,:at does ! ?ird phrase modify8 ,9 ! punctuation ( phrases a good deal mu/ be left to ! judgm5t ( ! writ]4 ,t punctuation is be/ :i* mo/ cle>ly reveals ! /ructure & mean+ ( ! s5t5ce4 ,summ>y4--,a phrase is a gr\p ( relat$ words hav+ nei!r a subject nor a pr$icate1 & us$ l a "p ( spee*4 ,a phrase is (t5 us$ l an adjective to modify a n\n1 or l an adv]b to modify a v]b4 ,phrases 9 a s]ies are sep>at$ f ea* o!r by a comma4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! phrases 9 ^! s5t5ces1 & tell :at ea* phrase modifies4 ,acc\nt = ! punctuation ( ! phrases 9 s5t5ces #b & #i4 ,:y are commas omitt$ 9 s5t5ce #e8 #a4 ,i pass$ a v com=table night 9 ! c>rot b94 #b4 ,! f\r little rabbits liv$ ) _! "m1 9 a s& bank1 und]nea? ! root ( a v big fir tree4 #c4 ,he w5t along ov] hills & m\nta9s1 & on ! ?ird day came to a wide =e/4 #d4 ,dur+ ^? long w9t] ev5+s ,i read six ( ,scott's novels al\d to my "m4 #e4 ,mr4 ,j]emy ,fi%] liv$ 9 a little damp h\se among/ ! butt]cups at ! edge ( a pond4 #f4 ,on t ev5+1 be=e sunset1 "s wom5 7 wa%+ clo!s on ! upp] /ep ( ! flight t l$ d[n into ! bas9 ( ! ,pool ( ,siloam4 #g4 ,on ! f\r? day aft] our arrival came a lett] f my mamma4 #h4 ,jelly fi%es g5]ally float ne> ! surface ( ! sea1 & are (t5 wa%$ up on ! %ore by ! waves4 #i4 ,:]e no human h& w\ld h d>$ to re/1 ! "y lions crawl$ fe>lessly--across ! knotty muscles ( ! back1 ov] ! s9ewy neck1 across ! dea?-deal+ paws1 ev5 betwe5 ! frightful jaws4 #aj4 ,tom ar*$ 8 back l a contortioni/ at a circus4 #aa4 ,! wom5 ( ! diff]5t prov9ces 9 ,holl& are kn[n by _! head dresses4 #ab4 ,! la/ words rang out l silv] trumpets4 #ac4 ,a f>m )\t a boy w\ld v soon come to grief4 #ad4 ,9 w9t] ,i get up at night4 #ch4 ,analyz+ a s5t5ce is ! process ( sep>at+ x into its p>ts1 & tell+ ! relation betwe5 ^? p>ts4 ,9 analyz+ ! s5t5ces 9 ! foll[+ ex]cise proce$ accord+ to ?is outl9e3-- 7#a7 ,tell :e!r ! s5t5ce is decl>ative or int]rogative4 7#b7 ,divide x into subject & pr$icate4 7#c7 ,select ! simple subject & give its modifi]s4 7#d7 ,select ! simple pr$icate & give its modifi]s4 7#e7 ,if a pr$icate is comp\nd1 select ! two or m pr$icate v]bs1 & !n give ! modifi]s ( ea*4 ,tell ! exact tru? 9 good1 cle> ,engli%4 ,= example1 9 analyz+ ! expression1 ! f\r little rabbits1 d n say t !1 f\r1 & little are adjectives modify+ rabbits1 b say t rabbits is modifi$ by ! adjectives little1 f\r1 & !4 ,:y %\ld !y be giv5 9 ?is ord]8 ,ex]cise4--,analyze s5t5ces #b1 #c1 #e1 #g1 #h1 #aa1 #ab1 #ac1 & #ad 9 ! ex]cise on p4 #cc4 ,,xii4 ,,prepositions #ci4 ,9 ! prec$+ lesson we consid]$ a phrase z a unit4 ,we %all n[ exam9e its /ructure1 & see :at p>ts x is compos$ (4 ,if we look c>efully at ^! phrases1-- ) _! "m to a wide =e/ ov] ! s9ewy neck l silv] trumpets we see t ! fir/ ^w is n a n\n1 a pron\n1 a v]b1 an adjective1 or an adv]b4 ,if we try to put ?is ^w any:]e else 9 ! phrase1 we see t x mu/ come at ! beg9n+2 9 %ort1 t x is ! introductory ^w ( ! phrase4 ,if we _h only ?is introductory ^w giv51 ! ^w )1 = in/ance1 we %\ld ask at once ) :at8 or ) :om8 ,! answ] to ?is second "q is _! "m1 ! re/ ( ! phrase4 ,if we exam9e ! o!r ?ree phrases 9 ! same way1 we %all come to ! conclusion t a phrase is made up ( two p>ts3 7#a7 an introductory ^w1 7#b7 an answ] to ! "q made by putt+ :om or :at aft] ! introductory ^w4 ,we call ! introductory ^w a preposition1 & we say t ! re/ ( ! phrase is ! object ( ! preposition4 ,a preposition is a "p ( spee*4 ,a phrase t consi/s ( a preposition & its object is call$ a prepositional phrase4 ,n all phrases are ( ?is k9d4 ,we %all /udy ! o!r k9ds lat]4 #dj4 ,!re are n a great _m prepositions 9 ! ,engli% language1 h>dly m ?an a hundr$ 9 all4 ,mo/ ( !m are %ort words1 & ( v great usefulness4 ,"s ( ! commone/ are3 across1 aft]1 be=e1 betwe51 by1 =1 f1 91 ov]1 to1 ?r\gh1 t[>d1 "u1 )1 )\t4 #da4 ,! object ( a preposition may be a s+le ^w1 z 9 ! phrase )\t f5ces1 b (t5] x is a gr\p ( words4 ,! base ^w ( ! gr\p is usually a n\n4 ,a pron\n also may be ! object ( a preposition1 z 9 ! phrases = me1 to him1 ) u4 ,! object ( a preposition may be comp\nd1 z 9 ! phrases1 ov] l& & sea1 by day & night4 #db4 ,9 ,lesson ,,xi1 x 0 po9t$ out t a phrase modifies a n\n or a v]b4 ,x does s because ! preposition %[s a c]ta9 relation betwe5 its object & ! n\n or v]b t ! phrase modifies4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! port]s at ! ,g]man railroad /ations are dress$ 9 f9e gre5 uni=ms10 ! preposition at %[s a relation ( place betwe5 ! port]s & ! ,g]man railroad /ations1 & ! preposition 9 %[s a relation ( mann] betwe5 ! act ( dress+ & ! f9e gre5 uni=ms4 ,summ>y4--,a prepositional phrase consi/s ( a preposition & its object4 ,a preposition is a ^w t is us$ ) its object to =m a phrase1 & %[s ! relation ( its object to ! ^w ! phrase modifies4 ,,note4--,a prepositional phrase 9 its natural ord] consi/s ( 7#a7 ! preposition & 7#b7 its object4 ,! object ( a preposition is f\nd by ask+ ! "q made by putt+ :om or :at aft] ! preposition4 ,! object ( a preposition may be simple or comp\nd4 ,! base ^w ( ! object may be a n\n or a pron\n4 ,ex]cise4--,select ! prepositional phrases 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,tell :at ea* phrase modifies4 ,divide ea* phrase into preposition & object4 ,f9d ! base ^w ( ! object1 & tell :at "p ( spee* x is4 #a4 ,?is mon/] lives 9 a d5 "u yond] m\nta9 ) a bro!r ( 84 #b4 ,i c>ri$ bo? lett]s 9 my apron pocket4 #c4 ,at ! age ( t5 ye>s he fl$ f ! multiplication table & ran away to sea4 #d4 ,9 ! dusk ( spr+ ev5+s we sat on ! w9d[ seat & wat*$ ! lights come out on ! high bluff & ! long bridge4 #e4 ,! /ormy ,m>* is come at la/1 ,) w9d1 & cl\d1 & *ang+ skies4 #f4 ,) a fair & /rong breeze we soon ran into ! little cove to ! nor?w>d ( ,=t ,m\ltrie4 #g4 ,on ! project+ bluffs1 & occasionally on ! v m\nta9 tops1 /& ! ru9s ( great ca/les ( ! old5 times4 #h4 ,9 ! anci5t city ( ,london on a c]ta9 autumn day 9 ! second qu>t] ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 a boy 0 born to a poor family ( ! "n ( ,canty4 #i4 ,n[ ,i 0 com=t$ by ! ?\ght ( a tassel1 & an ivory h&le1 & blue & gold *angeable silk4 #aj4 ,a pol> /orm c bl[ = t5 days )\t a break4 #aa4 ,! arial pa? ( ,hu%w+1 f 8 ne/ 9 ! swamp to 8 wat*t[] on ! cle>+'s edge1 l$ him pa/ ! pool & ! cr\*+ pan!r4 #ab4 ,all ! little boys & girls1 ,) rosy *eeks & flax5 curls1 ,& sp>kl+ eyes & tee? l pe>ls1 ,tripp+ & skipp+1 ran m]rily aft] ,! wond]ful music1 ) %\t+ & laught]4 ,:at "p ( spee* are ^! words3 yond]1 s5t5ce #a1 apron #b1 multiplication #c1 spr+ #d1 v #g1 autumn #h1 break #aj8 ,:at is peculi> ab\t ! object ( at 9 s5t5ce #e1 & ( to 9 s5t5ce #f8 #dc4 ,good ,engli% requires accuracy 9 ! use ( prepositions4 ,/udy ! foll[+ prepositions1 & avoid errors 9 _! use4 ,among & betwe54 ,! ^w betwe5 usually ref]s to only two p]sons or ?+s1 :ile among ref]s to m ?an two4 ,i walk$ betwe5 my fa!r & my "m4 ,%e walk$ among u l an angel4 ,at & 94 ,we use 9 :5 speak+ ( c\ntries & l>ge cities1 at :5 speak+ ( villages or build+s4 ,! tra9 arrives 9 ,los ,angeles at noon4 ,! tra9 /opp$ at e little /ation4 ,at & to4 ,at conveys ! idea ( be+ 9 a place1 & to conveys ! idea ( go+ to a place4 ,7 y at s*ool ye/]day8 ,i came to s*ool e>ly ?is morn+4 ,my si/] is at home4 ,we speak ( go+ to s*ool1 to *ur*1 to ! factory1 to ! /ore1 to ! (fice1 etc41 b we d n use to be=e home4 ,we say 8,i am at home10 or 8,come home10 9 ! latt] case omitt+ ! preposition entirely4 ,beside & besides4 ,beside means by ! side (1 & besides means 9 addition to4 ,little ,em'ly sat beside ,david4 ,nobody rema9$ besides ! old nurse4 ,by & )4 ,by ref]s to ! ag5t1 or do] ( an action1 & ) to ! in/rum5t1 or means employ$4 ,! *]ry tree 0 cut d[n by ,george ,wa%+ton ) a little hat*et4 ,9 & into4 ,9 usually conveys ! idea ( re/1 & into ( motion4 ,we /ay$ 9 ! libr>y all ! ev5+4 ,our ho/ess took u into ! ,simmons ,libr>y4 ,i w5t into ! ,bank4 ,i put my money 9 ! ,bank4 ,(f4 ,?is preposition %\ld n be foll[$ by (4 ,we %\ld say1 ,! pit*] fell (f ! table4 ,i got (f ! c>4 ,9 place ( ! ^w onto we %\ld use on or ^u4 ,he climb$ ^u ! ro( ( ! pilot h\se4 ,he /epp$ on a loose bo>d4 ,"s words are foll[$ by c]ta9 prepositions to express c]ta9 mean+s2 z1 ,agree ) ?9e adv]s>y4 ,brutus agre$ to ! plan4 ,brutus diff]$ ) ,cassius4 ,my wat* is diff]5t f y\rs4 ,imog5 p>t$ f him ) te>s4 ,imog5 w\ld n "p ) h] bracelet4 ,_m p di$ ( yell[ fev]4 ,i am sorry = ! mi/ake4 ,ex]cise4--,supply ! correct preposition 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces1 & give y\r reason 9 ea* case3-- #a4 ,! fugitive slave ran ---- ! trees1 & took 8 /& ---- two l>ge cypresses4 #b4 ,:ile we 7 ---- ,new ,orleans1 we /ay$ ---- ! ,/4 ,*>les ,hotel4 #c4 ,& s ---- ! sil5t sea ,i wait ! muffl$ o>4 #d4 ,9 t ,sunday s*ool class !re 0 no girl ---- ,g]trude4 #e4 ,?is m>k mu/ h be5 made ---- a knife4 #f4 ,:5 y are ---- ,rome1 y mu/ d z ! ,romans d4 #g4 ,come ---- ! g>d51 ,maud4 #h4 ,put ! silv] ---- a safe place4 #i4 ,john ,gilp9's wig fell ---- 8 head4 #aj4 ,get ---- ?is /ump s t y c see bett]4 #aa4 ,i left ! programs ---- home4 #ab4 ,nobody agrees ---- ,kate ab\t r5t+ ! cottage4 #ac4 ,did ,w agree ---- y\r plans = ! w$d+8 #ad4 ,*>lie diff]$ ---- 8 family ab\t sav+ 8 money4 #ae4 ,an apricot has a diff]5t flavor ---- a pea*4 #af4 ,:at did ! crew die ----8 #ag4 ,ar5't y sorry ---- 8 mis=tune8 #ah4 ,! *ild cri$ :5 he p>t$ ---- 8 play?+s1 & w\ld n be com=t$ :5 he p>t$ ---- 8 old playmates4 ,,xiii4 ,,t]m ,,( ,,address4 ,,exclamatory ,,n\n #dd4 ,:5 we speak directly to p]sons1 we (t5 call !m by "n2 z1-- ,anne1 si/] ,anne1 d y see any "o com+8 ,we d ?is = sev]al reasons1--sometimes = polit5ess1 sometimes to %[ cle>ly j :om we are speak+ to4 ,?is "n is n necess>y to ! /ructure ( ! s5t5ce2 t is1 x =ms no "p ( ! subject or ! pr$icate4 ,we say1 !re=e1 t x is indep5d5t4 ,we call x a t]m ( address4 #de4 ,sometimes1 in/ead ( us+ a p]son's "n1 we inv5t a t]m ( address1 z :5 ! ,arab said to 8 horse1 8,we are f> f home1 ,o rac] ) ! swifte/ w9ds1 b ,god is ) u40 ,:at n\n is ! base ^w ( ?is t]m ( address8 #df4 ,a t]m ( address may come at ! beg9n+ ( a s5t5ce1 or at ! end1 or some:]e )9 ! s5t5ce4 ,x mu/ be set (f by commas to %[ t x is indep5d5t4 #dg4 ,sometimes a n\n or a n\n ) modifi]s is us$ z an exclamation2 ?us1-- ,a ra9b[6 x is too late 9 ! day = t4 ,joy to ! _w6 ! ,"l has come4 ,a n\n us$ l ra9b[ & joy is call$ an exclamatory n\n4 ,:at feel+ does ! exclamatory n\n 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce express8 9 ! second8 ,summ>y4--,a t]m ( address is a ^w or a gr\p ( words us$ z a "n to %[ to :om a rem>k is made4 ,! base ^w ( a t]m ( address is usually a n\n4 ,an exclamatory n\n is a n\n us$ to express /rong or sudd5 feel+4 ,x may be modifi$ or unmodifi$4 ,:5 a ^w or a gr\p ( words is no "p ( ! subject or ! pr$icate ( a s5t5ce1 x is said to be indep5d5t4 ,a t]m ( address & an exclamatory n\n are indep5d5t elem5ts 9 a s5t5ce4 ,a t]m ( address is set (f f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by a comma4 ,an exclamatory n\n is set (f by an exclamation po9t4 ,ex]cise4--,select ! t]ms ( address 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,f9d ! base ^w ( ea*4 ,select also ! exclamatory n\ns1 & tell :at feel+ !y express4 #a4 ,little bro!r1 can/ ?\ raise me to my feet8 #b4 8,n[1 my de>s10 said old ,mrs4 ,rabbit "o morn+1 8y may g into ! fields or d[n ! lane1 b don't g into ,mr4 ,mc,gregor's g>d540 #c4 ,inde$ ,i 0 seek+ !e1 ,fla!ad1 b ea* "t we meet ?\ art long] & broad] by ! l5g? ( my arm4 #d4 ,come1 ,lillie1 x is "t to g to b$4 #e4 ,sweet1 sweet home6 !re's no place l home4 #f4 ,:y1 ,fa!r1 y are r old to play cat's cradle4 #g4 ,sail on1 sail on1 ,o %ip ( ,/ate6 ,sail on1 ,o ,union /rong & great6 #h4 ,sir1 ,i humbly beg y\r p>don4 #i4 ,i und]/&1 noble "l1 t y h lo/ two ( y\r m54 #aj4 ,jeff]son1 ,i ?9k ,i w g d[n into ! kit*5 & bake a pie4 #aa4 ,a horse6 a horse6 my k+dom = a horse6 #ab4 ,!re is none l !e 9 ! jungle1 wise1 old1 /rong1 & mo/ beautiful ,kaa4 #ac4 ,our price1 y\r royal highness1 is ?ree %ill+s4 #ad4 ,gr& old outlaw1 h]o ( a ?\s& lawless raids1 9 a few m9utes y w be b a great load ( c>rion4 #ae4 ,brood1 k9d creature1 y ne$ n fe> ,?ieves & robb]s :ile ,i am "h4 #af4 ,cat* me1 c[>dly knaves1 if y c4 #ag4 ,! /ately homes ( ,engl&6 h[ beautiful !y /&6 #ah4 ,o ,capta96 my ,capta96 rise up & he> ! bells4 ,,xiv4 ,,imp]ative ,,s5t5ces #dh4 ,besides decl>ative & int]rogative s5t5ces !re is ano!r k9d ( s5t5ce us$ :5 we speak directly to a p]son = ! purpose ( tell+ him :at to d2 z1 8,run into ! g>d51 & fet* me ! l>ge/ pumpk9 y c f9d40 ,?is is call$ an imp]ative s5t5ce4 #di4 ,! imp]ative s5t5ce is (t5 us$ 9 giv+ ord]s1 comm&s1 or directions1 b x is us$ also 9 giv+ advice1 & 9 mak+ reque/s or entreaties2 z1-- ,fl+ away ambition4 ,k9dly reply by return mail4 ,give u ?is day our daily bread4 #ej4 ,usually only ! pr$icate ( an imp]ative s5t5ce is express$1 & s ! fir/ ^w ( su* a s5t5ce is likely to be a v]b4 ,! subject is ! pron\n y1 ?\1 or ye1 signify+ ! p]son or p]sons address$4 ,x is cu/om>y to omit ?is pron\n1 & we say t ! subject is 8und]/ood40 ,occasionally1 h[ev]1 x is express$ 9 famili> conv]sation2 z1 8,y g away40 ,sometimes1 too1 9 solemn comm&s ! pron\n ?\ or ye is express$2 z1 8,g & d ?\ likewise40 8,keep ye ! law40 ,note t ! v]b 9 an imp]ative s5t5ce comm&s r ?an ass]ts4 ,an imp]ative s5t5ce is frequ5tly prec$$ by a t]m ( address1 b ?is mu/ n be mi/ak5 = ! subject2 z1 8,fa!r1 he> our pray]40 ,summ>y4--,an imp]ative s5t5ce is "o t expresses a comm& or an entreaty4 ,! subject ( an imp]ative s5t5ce is ! pron\n y1 ?\1 or ye4 ,?is pron\n is usually omitt$4 ,ex]cise4--,tell :at ! foll[+ imp]ative s5t5ces d5ote4 ,select ! pr$icate v]bs1 & ! subjects :5ev] !y are express$4 ,select also ! t]ms ( address4 #a4 ,op5 ev]y?+1 g ev]y:]e except to ?is little room4 #b4 ,come & hold ?is ske9 ( y>n = me4 #c4 ,g & wa% ,kala ,nag1 & att5d to 8 e>s1 & see t !re are no ?orns 9 8 feet4 #d4 ,don't c\nt y\r *ick5s be=e !y are hat*$4 #e4 ,r\se to "s high & holy "w ( love4 #f4 ,don't y %[ y\r face "h ) a pocket on y4 ,if y\r heavy pants h any 9 'em1 rip 'em out4 #g4 ,give freely & receive1 b take f none ,by gre$1 or =ce1 or fraud1 :at is 8 own4 #h4 ,le>n to box1 to ride1 to pull an o>1 & to swim4 #i4 ,polly de>1 say good morn+ to ,mrs4 ,*att]ton1 & !n run away4 #aj4 ,d ! "w fir/ :i* is next at h&4 #aa4 ,turn aga91 ,:itt+ton1 ,"l ,mayor ( ,london4 #ab4 ,o ,"l ( ,ho/s1 provide a *ampion = ?y p4 #ac4 ,o brave m>% ,m>y-buds1 ri* & yell[1 ,give me y\r money to hold4 #ad4 ,o ,columb9e1 op5 y\r fold$ wrapp] ,:]e two tw9 turtl$oves dwell4 #ae4 ,o ,cuckoop9t1 toll me ! purple clapp] ,t hangs 9 y\r cle>1 gre5 bell4 ,acc\nt = ! commas 9 s5t5ces #a1 #c1 #h1 #i1 & #aa4 ,,xv4 ,,int]jections #ea4 ,!re are c]ta9 words l oh1 alas1 p%aw1 ugh1 t are us$ to express /rong feel+1--joy1 surprise1 pa91 disgu/1 ang]1 etc4 ,^! words are call$ int]jections4 ,an int]jection is a "p ( spee*4 #eb4 ,int]jections are no "p ( ! subject or ! pr$icate ( a s5t5ce2 h5ce1 l t]ms ( address1 !y are said to be indep5d5t4 ,!y are set (f f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by "s m>k ( punctuation1 usually an exclamation po9t1 sometimes only a comma4 #ec4 ,we may use a n\n or a v]b 9 su* a way t x becomes an int]jection2 z1 8,goodness6 :at a fright y gave me60 8,hurrah6 ! lake is froz5 ov]60 ,su* a v]b z h>k is (t5 us$ z an int]jection1 n to express sudd5 feel+ s mu* z to arre/ att5tion2 z1 8,h>k6 h>k6 ! dogs d b>k40 #ed4 ,! int]jection ,o is (t5 us$ be=e a t]m ( address2 z1 8,o ,"l1 h[ manifold are ?y works60 ,summ>y4--,an int]jection is a ^w us$ to express sudd5 or /rong feel+4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! int]jections 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & tell :at ea* "o is us$ =3-- #a4 ,boom6 ,boom6--two ( ! guns _h gone (f toge!r4 #b4 ,alas6 ,am&a1 by mi/ake1 _h wak$ up ! little boys an h\r too e>ly4 #c4 ,bah6 m5 are blood bro!rs ( ! monkey p4 #d4 ,hallelujah6 9 "o day m we %all be sitt+ 9 ! sun%9e on our own door/ep4 #e4 ,o "m de>1 ,j]usalem1 ,:5 %all ,i come to !e8 #f4 ,p+6 p+6 p+6 w5t ! rifles2 & ,boom6 boom6 boom6 answ]$ ! waves4 #g4 ,aha6 ! _w is iron 9 ^! days4 #h4 ,alas6 x 0 ! head ( old ,silv]spot4 #i4 ,scrooge said1 8,pooh6 ,pooh60 & clos$ ! door4 #aj4 ,h>k6 h>k6 ! l>k at heav5's gate s+s4 #aa4 ,alack-a-day6 travel]s enc\nt] all ! unusual bits ( wea!r4 #ab4 ,hey6 ,willie ,w9kie1 are y com+ !n8 #ac4 ,o comrades1 if we mu/ fight1 let u fight = ourselves4 #ad4 ,hu%6 ! w9ds ro> ho>se & deep4 #ae4 ,lo1 ! /> :i* !y saw 9 ! ea/ w5t be=e !m till x came & /ood ov] :]e ! "y *ild 04 #af4 ,piff6 ! packet l&$ exactly z x 0 int5d$1 on ! corn-husk mat 9 front ( ! scre5 door4 #ag4 ,oh1 ,london is a man's t[n4 ,,xvi4 ,,exclamatory ,,s5t5ces #ee4 ,we h f\nd t s5t5ces are made to /ate1 or to ask1 or to comm&1 & h5ce are classifi$ z decl>ative1 int]rogative1 & imp]ative4 ,!re is a f\r? class ( s5t5ce :i* resembles an int]jection1 be+ us$ to express sudd5 or /rong feel+2 z1 8,h[ calm & lovely ! riv] 060 8,:at a pity x is60 ,^! are call$ exclamatory s5t5ces4 ,!y are always foll[$ by an exclamation po9t4 #ef4 ,su* s5t5ces z ^? j quot$1 :i* beg9 ) h[ or :at1 are exclamatory 9 =m z well z 9 s5se1 & are !re=e sometimes call$ pure exclamatory s5t5ces4 ,!y are always 9 ! transpos$ ord]4 ,"s s5t5ces1 h[ev]1 are exclamatory only 9 s5se4 ,!y are 9 ! natural ord]1 & :5 pr9t$1 c\ld n be di/+ui%$ f decl>ative or imp]ative s5t5ces if x 7 n = ! exclamation po9t1 :i* indicates t !y 7 spok5 ) /rong feel+2 z1 8,n[ y may see t noble/ ( all ocean sights = beauty1 a full-rigg$ %ip "u sail60 8,hel5 ,m>ia6 leave ! room ?is mom5t60 ,summ>y4--,an exclamatory s5t5ce is "o t expresses sudd5 or /rong feel+4 ,ex]cise4--,tell :y ea* ( ^! s5t5ces is exclamatory4 ,re>range 9 ! natural ord] ^? :i* are transpos$4 ,divide ea* ( !m into subject & pr$icate4 ,select ! simple subject & ! simple pr$icate4 #a4 ,h[ s\ndly he sleeps6 ,f :at a dep? he draws t easy brea?6 #b4 ,:at tales he _h told t day6 #c4 ,h[ d\bly delici\s ?+s ta/$ 9 ! cle>1 spicy air ( ! woods6 #d4 ,h[ ke5 a sc5t ^? *ildr5 _h = apples 9 ! cell>6 #e4 ,oh1 h[ sweet ! wat] 06 ,h[ x soo!d ! t5d] spots "u h] we>y w+s6 ,h[ x cool$ h] e>s & h] tir$ eyelids6 #f4 ,) :at a glory comes & goes ! ye>6 #g4 ,:at a racket ^? ru/y cannon _h made 9 ! heyday ( _! un*a/5$ y\?6 ,:at /ories !y might tell n[ if _! puffy1 metallic lips c\ld only speak6 #h4 ,burn ! hut ov] _! heads6 #i4 ,ugh6 may ! r$ mange de/roy ! dogs ( ?is village6 #aj4 ,talk ( ! curiosity ( wom56 #aa4 ,s bless$ly evanesc5t is ! memory ( seasickness6 #ab4 ,h>k6 h[ ! music leaps out f 8 ?roat6 ,,xvii4 ,,conjunctions #eg4 ,notice ! s5t5ces1-- ,e p9e & fir & hemlock wore erm9e too de> = an e>l4 ,i /ood & wat*$ by ! w9d[4 ,! p>ts ( ! comp\nd subject 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce & ( ! comp\nd pr$icate 9 ! second are jo9$ by ! ^w &4 ,?is v common ^w has a use diff]5t f t ( any ^w /udi$ ?us f>2 h5ce x is consid]$ ano!r "p ( spee*4 ,because x is a jo9+ ^w1 x is call$ a conjunction4 ,!re are _m conjunctions besides & t we all h frequ5t occasion to use4 ,among ^! are nor1 or1 b1 yet1 !re=e1 s1 & h5ce4 #eh4 ,conjunctions may jo9 n only s+le words1 su* z n\ns1 v]bs1 pron\ns1 adjectives1 & adv]bs1 b also phrases1 & ev5 :ole s5t5ces2 z1-- ,y may ent] )\t money & )\t price4 ,! /iff rails 7 s(t5$ to swan's d[n1 ,& /ill flutt]$ d[n ! sn[4 #ei4 ,al?\gh ! ^w b is commonly us$ z a conjunction1 yet1 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,i "w e day b ,sunday10 x is a preposition1 & means except4 ,:at is its object8 ,! great diff]5ce betwe5 a conjunction & a preposition is t a preposition always has an object1 :]eas a conjunction nev] has "o4 ,summ>y4--,a conjunction is a ^w t jo9s s5t5ces or p>ts ( s5t5ces4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! conjunctions 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & tell :at !y jo93-- #a4 ,cr[ 0 t5 ye>s old n[1 & he 0 v black & poli%$ & ?94 #b4 ,m\nt ,/4 ,mi*ael 0 n only /rongly =tifi$1 b x 0 well gu>d$ by nature4 #c4 ,! horse nei!r swit*es 8 tail1 nods 8 head1 nor /amps 8 feet4 #d4 ,?irty ye>s lat]1 ! remnants ( h] w$d+ g[ns1--! blue silk1 ! black silk1 ! /rip$ silk1 & ! plaid silk1--7 cut into diamonds & squ>es1 & !n piec$ toge!r lov+ly & pr\dly into a pat*work quilt4 #e4 ,!re are sev]al /eamboats :i* run up & d[n ! ,se9e l omnibuses1 & ! *>ge to pass5g]s is ab\t two c5ts apiece4 #f4 ,aft] /eam+ = sev]al h\rs ov] ! smoo? riv] & betwe5 ^! flat l[l&s1 we rea* ! city ( ,rott]dam4 #g4 ,^! great ice /reams are always mov+ sl[ly d[nw>ds2 h5ce !y c>ry (f1 ye> by ye>1 ! sn[ :i* falls ^u ! m\nta9 above4 #h4 ,! />s danc$ ov]head1 & by 8 side ! broad & %all[ riv] ran ov] its /ony b$ ) a l\d b soo?+ murmur t fill$ all ! air ) entreaty4 #i4 ,! ?+s t ,m[gli did & saw & he>d :5 he 0 w&]+ f "o p to ano!r1 ) or )\t 8 f\r companions1 w\ld make _m /ories4 #aj4 ,i drove ! c[s home ?r\gh ! sweet f]ns & d[n ! rocky slopes4 #aa4 ,! suck]'s m\? is n =m$ = ! g5tle angleworm nor ! delusive fly ( ! fi%]man4 #ab4 ,our ance/ors 7 v wor?y p1 b _! wall pap]s 7 abom9able4 #ac4 ,! keep] ( ! lodg+s did n supply meals to 8 gue/s2 s we breakfa/$ at a small *oph\se 9 a crook$ /reet4 #ad4 ,! ,nor?m5 _h no compass2 !y mu/ /e] by ! sun or by ! />s1 guess at _! rate ( sail+1 & tell by t h[ _m m days di/ant 0 _! de/9ation4 #ae4 ,?r\gh ?is sil5ce & ?r\gh ?is wa/e1 :]e ! sudd5 lights flapp$ & w5t out aga91 ! sleigh & ! two t pull$ x crawl$ l ?+s 9 a nightm>e4 #af4 ,!re may be times :5 y _c f9d help1 b !re is no "t :5 y _c give help4 #ag4 ,ov] ! mead[s & ?r\gh ! woods1 ,to gr&fa!r's h\se we g4 #ah4 ,! _w has nev] _h a good def9ition ( ! ^w lib]ty1 & ! ,am]ican p are mu* 9 want ( "o4 ,,xviii4 ,,clauses4 ,,simple ,,s5t5ces #fj4 ,we h le>n$ t a s5t5ce mu/ conta9 a subject & a pr$icate4 ,we h ano!r "n = a comb9ation ( subject & pr$icate4 ,we call x a clause4 #fa4 ,:5 a s5t5ce consi/s ( b "o clause1 we call x a simple s5t5ce2 & we say t ?is clause is indep5d5t1 because x c /& alone & make s5se4 #fb4 ,a simple s5t5ce may h a comp\nd subject or a comp\nd pr$icate1 or bo?1 & yet s long z ^! subjects & pr$icates g toge!r1 we say t !re is only "o clause2 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! lion & ! m\se help$ ea* o!r & became fri5ds40 ,summ>y4--,a clause is any comb9ation ( subject & pr$icate4 ,an indep5d5t clause is "o t c /& alone & make s5se4 ,a simple s5t5ce conta9s b "o indep5d5t clause4 ,a simple s5t5ce may h a comp\nd subject or a comp\nd pr$icate1 or bo?4 ,ex]cise4--,analyze ! foll[+ simple s5t5ces3-- ,,model4--,!n a piece ( mica1 or a little pool1 or ev5 a highly poli%$ leaf w fla% l a heliograph4 ,?is is a simple1 decl>ative s5t5ce4 ,! subject is a piece ( mica1 or a little pool1 or ev5 a highly poli%$ leaf4 ,! pr$icate is w fla% l a heliograph !n4 ,! subject is comp\nd4 ,! simple subjects are ! n\ns piece1 pool1 & leaf1 :i* are jo9$ by ! conjunction or4 ,piece is modifi$ by ! prepositional phrase ( mica & ! adjective a4 ,pool1 is modifi$ by ! adjectives little & a4 ,leaf is modifi$ by ! adjective elem5t highly poli%$1 & ! adjectives a & ev54 ,! base ^w ( ! adjective elem5t is ! adjective poli%$1 :i* is modifi$ by ! adv]b highly4 ,! simple pr$icate is w fla%4 ,x is modifi$ by ! prepositional phrase l a heliograph1 & ! adv]b !n4 #a4 ,?r\gh ?ree good mon?s ! valley 0 wrapp$ 9 cl\d & soak+ mi/4 #b4 ,9 ! v he>t ( ,london /&s ! great ,bank ( ,engl&4 #c4 ,w\ld n any boy respond to ! sweet invitation ( ^? ripe b]ries8 #d4 ,a fool & 8 money are soon p>t$4 #e4 ,a l>ge1 w>m te> spla%$ d[n on ! program4 #f4 ,9 ! sunny days ! suck] lies 9 ! deep pools1 by "s big /one or ne> ! bank4 #g4 ,! feel+ ( a boy t[>ds pumpk9 pie has nev] be5 prop]ly consid]$4 #h4 ,%all ! adv5tures ( ! ,pet]k9 family be publi%$8 #i4 ,no heal?y boy c\ld long exi/ )\t num]\s fri5ds 9 ! animal k+dom4 #aj4 ,no s\nd ( joy or sorr[ 0 he>d f ei!r bank4 #aa4 ,at l5g? has come ! bridal day ( beauty & ( /r5g?4 #ab4 ,on "o hot summ] morn+ a little cl\d rose f ! sea & float$ lightly & happily across ! blue sky4 #ac4 ,donkeys1 horses1 negroes ( e age1 size1 & %ade1 c>ts1 crates1 sacks1 b>rels1 & boxes are m+l$ 9 seem+ly inextricable confusion4 #ad4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! wild confusion ! voice ( ! ,boots 0 he>d4 #ae4 ,!n he /roll$ across ! pa/ure1 betwe5 ! black /umps1 ! blueb]ry pat*es1 ! tangles ( wild raspb]ry2 pu%$ s(tly ?r\gh ! fr+e ( wild *]ry & "y bir* sapl+s1 & crept sil5tly "u ! bran*es ( a l[ hemlock4 #af4 ,! moss 0 support$ by solid e>? or a framework ( anci5t tree roots4 #ag4 ,alas6 ) e bl[ ( ! *isel ! brick crumbl$ at my feet4 #ah4 ,a di% ( apples & a pit*] ( *illy cid] 7 always s]v$ dur+ ! ev5+4 #ai4 ,i sat d[n 9 ! middle ( ! pa? & nev] /irr$ = a long "t4 #bj4 ,! mayor & o!r civic au?orities 9 ,london came d[n to ,gre5wi* 9 b>ges4 ,,xix4 ,,comp\nd ,,s5t5ces #fc4 ,we h se5 t s5t5ces may be jo9$ toge!r by conjunctions4 ,:5 two or m indep5d5t clauses are jo9$ toge!r 9 ?is way1 we say t ! s5t5ce is comp\nd2 z1 8,coral reefs resemble great rock l$ges1 & vessels are (t5 wreck$ ^u !m40 #fd4 ,! conjunctions mo/ us$ 9 comp\nd s5t5ces are &1 or1 b1 yet1 !re=e1 & s4 ,& %[s t two clauses are 9 ! same l9e ( ?\ght2 z1 8,8 eye 0 bright1 & 8 face 0 ruddy40 ,or %[s a *oice betwe5 two clauses2 z1 8,y mu/ "w1 or y mu/ g hungry40 ,b & yet %[ a contra/2 z1 8,i mail$ ! lett]1 b ,uncle ,joe nev] receiv$ x40 ,!re=e & s %[ t ! second clause is a consequ5ce ( ! fir/2 z1 8,!re are fires 9 ! =e/s nor? ( u1 !re=e ! air is full ( smoke40 #fe4 ,sometimes :5 ! relation betwe5 clauses is p]fectly evid5t1 ! conjunction is omitt$2 z1 8,i came2 ,i saw2 ,i conqu]$40 ,9 ord] t ! read] may h no d\bt z to :]e a clause ends1 x is usually foll[$ by a comma1 :i* speaks to ! eye ( ! read] j z a pause speaks to ! e> ( ! li/5]4 ,:5 ! clauses are long or ! conjunction is omitt$1 a semicolon may be us$ in/ead ( ! comma4 ,summ>y4--,a comp\nd s5t5ce conta9s two or m indep5d5t clauses4 ,! clauses ( a comp\nd s5t5ce are sep>at$ f ea* o!r by a comma or a semicolon4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! clauses 9 ! foll[+ comp\nd s5t5ces4 ,tell ! relation betwe5 !m1 & h[ !y are jo9$4 ,tell ! subject & pr$icate ( ea* clause4 ,acc\nt = ! punctuation4 #a4 ,ov] ! por* grew a hop-v9e1 & a br&y-*]ry tree %ad$ ! door1 & a luxuriant cranb]ry v9e flung its delici\s fruit across ! w9d[4 #b4 ,mr4 ,pet]k9 lik$ to take a doze on 8 s(a 9 ! room1 b ! re/ ( ! family lik$ to sit on ! piazza4 #c4 ,prosp]ity makes fri5ds2 adv]sity tries !m4 #d4 ,! :ole family plant$ ! potatoes2 ,george dug ! holes ) 8 hoe1 ,mollie dropp$ into ea* "o ?ree pieces ( an old potato1 ,paul rak$ ! black e>? ov] !m1 & ,"m sup]vis$ & prais$ !m all4 #e4 ,"s ( ! lett]-c>ri]s mu/ take v long walks1 b ,engli% p d n appe> to object to t sort ( ?+4 #f4 ,oh1 come ye 9 peace "h1 or come ye 9 w>8 #g4 ,at ! end ( ! fir/ ye> ! "y lions %$ _! tee?1 ! fir/ indications ( manes appe>$ on ! males1 & ! playfulness betwe5 bro!r & si/] ceas$4 #h4 ,! clumsy :eels ( sev]al old-fa%ion$ coa*es 7 he>d1 & ! g5tlem5 & ladies compos+ ! bridal p>ty came ?r\gh ! *ur* ) ! sudd5 & gladsome effect ( a bur/ ( sun%9e4 #i4 ,i _h nev] be5 call$ pretty be=e1 s ,i 0 flatt]$4 #aj4 ,! yell[ cur has n ! spe$ ( ! greyh\nd1 b nei!r does he be> ! se$s ( lung & sk9 diseases4 #aa4 ,! p>ty did n return to ,sk>psno until half-pa/ eight 9 ! ev5+1 yet ! sun 0 /ill above ! horizon4 #ab4 ,we *]i% e memorial ( our wor?y ance/ors2 we celebrate _! pati5ce & =titude2 we admire _! d>+ ent]prise2 we tea* our *ildr5 to v5]ate _! piety4 #ac4 ,e animal has "s great /r5g?1 or x c\ld n live2 e animal has "s great weakness1 or ! o!r animals c\ld n live4 #ad4 ,human action c be modifi$ to "s ext5t1 b human nature _c be *ang$4 #ae4 ,capta9 ,john ,smi? 0 exasp]at+ly sure ( himself1 & old] m5 f\nd 8 pret5sions well-nigh unbe>able4 ,,xx4 ,,dep5d5t ,,clauses4 ,,complex ,,s5t5ces #ff4 ,we h se5 t 9 bo? simple & comp\nd s5t5ces ! clauses are indep5d5t4 ,!re is a ?ird class ( s5t5ces1 h[ev]1 conta9+ dep5d5t clauses4 ,9 ! simple s5t5ce1 8,at night 8 antelope sk9 0 spread on ! gr\nd10 ! prepositional phrase on ! gr\nd tells place1 & modifies ! v]b 0 spread4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,at night 8 antelope sk9 0 spread :]e ! d>kness ov]took him10 ! gr\p ( words :]e ! d>kness ov]took him has ! same use z ! phrase on ! gr\nd1 = x tells place & modifies ! v]b 0 spread4 ,b ?is gr\p ( words conta9s a subject & a pr$icate2 h5ce x is a clause4 ,x c\ld n /& alone & make s5se2 h5ce x _c be an indep5d5t clause4 ,x c\ld n be 9 ! s5t5ce at all unless ! v]b 0 spread 7 !re too = x to modify4 ,x is !re=e dep5d5t on ! v]b1 & s we call x a dep5d5t clause4 ,x has ! same use z an adv]b1 because x modifies a v]b4 ,we f9d _m dep5d5t clauses us$ 9 ?is way1 because our language does n af=d en\gh adv]bs or ev5 prepositional phrases to express our mean+4 #fg4 ,:5 dep5d5t clauses modify v]bs1 !y answ] su* que/ions z ^!1--0 spread :]e8 0 spread :y8 h[8 :58 "u :at condition8 = :at purpose8 #fh4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,!y w5t into a small p>lor1 :i* smelt v spicy10 ! p>lor is describ$ by ! adjective small & by ! gr\p ( words :i* smelt v spicy4 ,:at is ?is gr\p ( words8 ,h[ d we "k8 ,:at words does x modify8 ,:at1 !n1 is ! use ( "s dep5d5t clauses8 ,:5 dep5d5t clauses modify n\ns1 !y po9t out or describe objects j z adjectives d4 #fi4 ,9 ! s5t5ces t we h j be5 /udy+ !re is an indep5d5t clause z well z a dep5d5t clause4 ,a s5t5ce ( ?is k9d is call$ a complex s5t5ce4 ,a complex s5t5ce may conta9 any numb] ( dep5d5t clauses1 b only "o indep5d5t clause1 = z soon z a s5t5ce conta9s two indep5d5t clauses x becomes a comp\nd s5t5ce4 ,summ>y4--,a dep5d5t clause is "o t is us$ l a "p ( spee* & does n make s5se :5 x /&s alone4 ,a dep5d5t clause may be us$ l an adjective to modify a n\n1 or l an adv]b to modify a v]b4 ,a complex s5t5ce consi/s ( "o indep5d5t clause & "o or m dep5d5t clauses4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! clauses 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & classify !m4 ,tell :at ! dep5d5t clauses modify4 ,tell ! subject & pr$icate ( ea* clause4 ,,note4--,frequ5tly a dep5d5t clause modifies m ?an ! v]b4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! little boys want$ a h\se ) a great _m doors1 s t !y c\ld g 9 & out (t510 ! dep5d5t clause s t !y c\ld g 9 & out (t5 tells ! purpose ( _! want+ a h\se ) a great _m doors2 h5ce1 x modifies n m]ely ! v]b want$1 b ! :ole pr$icate want$ a h\se ) a great _m doors4 ,try to tell ! exact tru? ab\t ea* s5t5ce t y /udy4 #a4 ,he 0 always cat*+ sculp9s :5 e "o else ) ! same bait 0 cat*+ mack]el4 #b4 ,if we cross ! ,atlantic by "o ( ! fa/ /eam%ips1 we %all make ! voyage 9 ab\t a week4 #c4 ,! ,rott]dam quays1 :i* /ret* = m ?an a mile along ! riv]1 are busy & lively places4 #d4 ,e ,sunday morn+ ! wa% boil] 0 fill$ ) wat]1 & ! l>ge/ tub 0 set 9 ! middle ( ! kit*5 floor1 s t ! ?ree *ildr5 might h _! weekly scrubb+4 #e4 ,p :o devote !mselves too sev]ely to /udy ( ! classics are apt to become dri$ up4 #f4 ,he *>g$ ^u ! r[s ( ! mulle9 /alks z if !y 7 rebels 9 regim5tal ranks1 & hew$ !m d[n )\t m]cy4 #g4 ,e boy :o is good = any?+ is a natural savage4 #h4 ,rude soldi]s n[ eat1 dr9k1 & sleep1 :]e popes & c>d9als once mov$ ab\t 9 /ate4 #i4 ,m[gli1 :o _h nev] kn[n ! mean+ ( real hung]1 fell back on /ale honey ?ree ye>s old4 #aj4 ,iron-clads are s call$ because _! sides are cov]$ ) ?ick plates ( iron or /eel1 capable ( resi/+ v heavy %ot4 #aa4 ,al?\gh _m p asc5d ,mont ,blanc e ye>1 ! und]tak+ requires a great deal ( muscul> z well z n]v\s /r5g?4 #ab4 ,if a boy repeats ,?anatopsis :ile he is milk+1 t op]ation acquires a c]ta9 dignity4 #ac4 ,! ?rill t ran into my f+]s' ends !n has n run out yet4 #ad4 ,ev5 a dog1 :o is v f> remov$ f ! wild wolf1 8 ance/or1 c be wak$ out ( deep sleep by a c>t :eel t\*+ 8 flank1 & c spr+ away unh>m$ be=e t :eel comes on4 #ae4 ,! boys slipp$ (f d[n ! roadside to a place :]e !y c\ld dig sassafras or ! root ( ! sweet flag4 #af4 ,! little company ( ,engli%m5 :o1 9 #afbj1 ex*ang$ ,holl& = ,am]ica 7 n soldi]s & trad]s l ! m5 :o _h l$ & e/abli%$ ! colony at ,jame/[n4 #ag4 ,miles ,/&i% came ) ! ,pilgrims to ,am]ica because he lik$ bo? !m & _! ent]prise4 #ah4 ,! e>ly settl]s w5t to *ur* 9 milit>y array & laid _! arms d[n close by !m :ile !y wor%ip$ & he>d ! s]mon4 #ai4 ,! coloni/s *ose = _! place ( settlem5t a high bluff1 :i* rose ^u ! ea/]n bank ( a little /ream4 ,tell ! "p ( spee* & use ( always1 s5t5ce #a1 ,sunday #d1 too & sev]ely #e1 n[1 once1 & ab\t #h4 ,analyze ! pr$icate 0 set 9 ! middle ( ! kit*5 floor4 ,:at is ! grammatical use ( ! gr\p ( words z well z 9 s5t5ce #aa8 ,,xxi4 ,,review3 ,,classification ,,( ,,s5t5ces #gj4 ,we h se5 t s5t5ces are classifi$ accord+ to purpose1 z decl>ative1 int]rogative1 imp]ative1 or exclamatory4 ,a decl>ative s5t5ce is "o t /ates1 or decl>es1 some?+4 ,an int]rogative s5t5ce is "o t asks a "q4 ,an imp]ative s5t5ce is "o t expresses a comm& or an entreaty4 ,an exclamatory s5t5ce is "o t expresses sudd5 or /rong feel+4 #ga4 ,we h se5 also t s5t5ces may consi/ ( "o clause or ( sev]al1 & t clauses may be indep5d5t or dep5d5t4 ,s5t5ces are !re=e classifi$ accord+ to /ructure1 z simple1 comp\nd1 or complex4 ,a simple s5t5ce is "o t conta9s b "o indep5d5t clause4 ,a comp\nd s5t5ce is "o t conta9s two or m indep5d5t clauses4 ,a complex s5t5ce is "o t conta9s "o indep5d5t clause & "o or m dep5d5t clauses4 ,ex]cise #a4--,write a complex decl>ative s5t5ce1 a comp\nd int]rogative s5t5ce1 a complex imp]ative s5t5ce1 & a simple exclamatory s5t5ce4 ,ex]cise #b4--;,classify ! foll[+ s5t5ces accord+ to bo? purpose & /ructure4 ,give ! reasons = y\r classification4 ,tell :at ! dep5d5t clauses modify4 ,tell also ! subject & pr$icate ( ea* clause4 #a4 ,! ox5 sagg$ along 9 _! great clumsy way4 #b4 ,give me quickly my sev5-league boots1 t ,i may g aft] ^? boys & cat* !m4 #c4 ,h[ sweet & demure ! girls look$6 #d4 ,)9 sight ( t tall elm tree 7 pass$ my happie/ ye>s4 #e4 ,did y ev] "k a *ild :o 0 n int]e/$ 9 animals8 #f4 ,my gr&fa!r nev] skipp$ ov] an adv]tisem5t1 ev5 if he _h read x fifty times be=e4 #g4 ,woodman1 sp>e t tree6 ,t\* n a s+le b\gh6 #h4 ,mu/ ,i keep ord] along ! :ole l9e8 #i4 ,all ! trees & ! bu%es & ! bamboos & ! mosses & ! juicy-leav$ plants wake ) a noise ( gr[+ t y c almo/ he>4 #aj4 ,h[ de> to my he>t are ! sc5es ( my *ildhood1 ,:5 fond recollection pres5ts !m to view6 #aa4 ,sometimes x is impolite to tell ! tru?1 & !n "o c only say no?+ or talk ( ! wea!r4 #ab4 ,toll ye ! *ur* bell sad & sl[4 #ac4 ,"s boys g sc[l+ always ?r\gh life1 z if !y _h a /one bruise on ea* heel4 #ad4 ,pr\d bird ( ! m\nta91 ?y plume %all be torn6 #ae4 ,m[gli _h ! good consci5ce t comes f pay+ debts4 #af4 ,cease to d evil2 le>n to d well4 #ag4 ,! fir/ 0 a brass b&1 ! second 0 a /r+ b&1 ! ?ird 0 a rubb] b&1 & ! f\r? 0 a man :o play$ on ! jew's-h>p4 #ah4 ,lo1 all our pomp ( ye/]day ,is "o ) ,n9eveh & ,tyre6 #ai4 ,on ,sunday ! h5s w5t sil5tly ab\t1 & ! roo/]s cr[$ 9 psalm tunes4 #bj4 ,up6 up6 my fri5d1 & quit y\r books1 ,or surely y'll gr[ d\ble6 #ba4 ,is ! _w gr[+ bett] or are we mov+ 9 a circle8 #bb4 ,rememb] ?y ,creator 9 ! days ( ?y y\?4 #bc4 ,:5 a man has he>d ! great ?+s call+ to him1 h[ !y call & call1 day & night6 #bd4 ,o ye :o h "y *ildr51 if x is possible1 give !m happy memories4 ,f9d an int]jection 9 ?is ex]cise4 ,:at indep5d5t elem5ts d y f9d 9 s5t5ces #g1 #ad1 & #bd8 ,:at is ! base ^w ( ea*8 ,,xxii4 ,,review3 ,,p>ts ,,( ,,spee* #gb4 ,we h se5 t words are classifi$ accord+ to _! use into eight p>ts ( spee*1--n\ns1 v]bs1 pron\ns1 adjectives1 adv]bs1 prepositions1 conjunctions1 & int]jections4 ,a n\n is a "n ^w4 ,a v]b is an ass]t+ ^w4 ,a pron\n is a ^w us$ in/ead ( a n\n4 ,an adjective is a ^w us$ to po9t out or describe an object & modify a n\n or a pron\n4 ,an adv]b is a ^w t modifies a v]b1 an adjective1 or ano!r adv]b4 ,a preposition is a ^w t is us$ ) its object to =m a phrase1 & %[s ! relation ( its object to ! ^w ! phrase modifies4 ,a conjunction is a ^w t jo9s s5t5ces or p>ts ( s5t5ces4 ,an int]jection is a ^w us$ to express sudd5 or /rong feel+4 ,ex]cise4--,tell :at "p ( spee* ea* ^w is 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,tell 9 ea* case h[ y "k4 #a4 ,toto's good gr&mo!r bore ?is commotion quietly = "s "t4 #b4 8,n[1 set ^? baskets d[n40 ,he spoke %>ply4 #c4 ,m[gli knew ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! villag]s v fairly4 #d4 ,no o!r "m ev] made su* deep1 smoo?1 gold5 cu/>d pies1 or fri$ su* light & spicy d\ghnuts4 #e4 ,que5 ,elizabe? & ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots are /rongly associat$ toge!r 9 ! m9ds ( all read]s ( ,engli% hi/ory4 #f4 ,! tame/ tig] is a tig] /ill4 #g4 ,! negro cle>$ = u a pa? to an enorm\sly tall tree4 #h4 ,nobody scold$ me or laugh$ at me4 #i4 ,!n my eyes came back to ! wall pap]1 & ,i /udi$ out figures 9 its spread+ v9es4 #aj4 ,p]haps a little />* w\ld h "s effect4 #aa4 ,! ro>+ hot w9d ( ! ,jungle came & w5t betwe5 ! rocks & ! rattl+ bran*es4 #ab4 ,r+-t+6 ,i wi% ,i 7 a primrose4 #ac4 ,o love1 !y die 9 yon ri* sky4 #gc4 ,9 s5t5ce #ac 9 ! prec$+ ex]cise1 x is evid5t t ! ^w love1 :i* is (t5 a v]b1 is us$ z a t]m ( address1 & !re=e is a n\n4 ,_m words may be us$ z v]bs or z n\ns4 ,ex]cise4--,tell :at "p ( spee* ! italiciz$ words are 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,give y\r reason 9 ea* case4 #a4 ,don't sc\r y\r porcela9 s9k ) sapolio4 #b4 ,:5 bodies s9k 9 ,lake ,sup]ior1 !y nev] rise4 #c4 ,oh1 :at fall 0 !re1 my c\ntrym54 #d4 ,we fall to rise1 are baffl$ to fight bett]4 #e4 ,alice gave ! bran* a vigor\s %ake4 #f4 ,nay1 d n %ake y\r gory locks at me4 #g4 ,w y %[ me y\r l9eage book8 #h4 ,!re are t5 ?\s& mov+ picture %[s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 #i4 ,:at a good cat* our "r field] made4 #aj4 ,did y cat* ?is /urgeon la/ night8 ,make s5t5ces 9 :i* ! foll[+ words %all be us$ z n\ns & z v]bs3 fight1 pay1 rap1 %$1 %oe1 /+1 tread4 #gd4 ,_m words t are usually adjectives may also be us$ z n\ns4 ,su* words fall into diff]5t classes3-- 7#a7 ,adjectives d5ot+ color2 z1 black1 :ite1 r$4 ,we may say1 8,! blacks 7 once slaves ( ! :ites40 ,we may also say1 8,r$ & gre5 are complem5t>y colors40 7#b7 ,c]ta9 adjectives d5ot+ qualities ( p]sons1 :i* may also be us$ to "n classes ( p]sons hav+ ^? qualities2 z1 ri*1 poor1 old1 "y1 bad1 good4 ,we say1 8,! ri* %\ld n scorn ! poor10 8,! good die "y40 7#c7 ,c]ta9 adjectives d5ot+ qualities1 :i* may also be us$ to "n classes ( ?+s hav+ ^? qualities2 z1 good1 evil1 true1 false4 ,we say1 8,love ! good1 *]i% ! true1 admire ! beautiful40 7#d7 ,c]ta9 o!r adjectives1 su* z native1 secret1 fat1 lean1 ?ick4 ,we say1 8,! natives _h no secrets10 8,jack ,sprat w\ld eat no fat10 8,he 0 always 9 ! ?ick ( ! fight40 ,ex]cise4--,make s5t5ces conta9+ ! foll[+ words us$ z adjectives & z n\ns3 purple1 blue1 brave1 righte\s1 evil1 wet1 cold1 sweet1 "r1 wrong1 solid1 /rong4 #ge4 ,"s words may be us$ bo? z adjectives & z adv]bs4 ,:5 well means ! opposite ( sick1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,grace nev] 0 a well *ild10 x is an adjective4 ,:5 well means 9 a good mann]1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,e/h] s+s well10 x is an adv]b4 ,ex]cise4--,tell :at "p ( spee* ! italiciz$ words are 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,give y\r reason 9 ea* case4 #a4 ,! pap] is l>ge en\gh1 b ,i h n en\gh /r+4 #b4 ,z %e came ne> ,i recogniz$ "o ( my ne> neighbors4 #c4 ,all fle% is grass4 #d4 ,! girls play+ basket ball are all tir$ out4 #e4 ,! doctor lik$ a fa/ horse4 #f4 ,we mu/ walk fa/ ?is cold morn+4 #g4 ,nobody c\ld play golf worse ?an ,i4 #h4 ,may ,i nev] d a worse de$6 #i4 ,h y any ribbon to mat* ?is sample8 #aj4 ,w ?is color d any bett]8 #aa4 ,somebody else w m>ry h] !n4 #ab4 ,h[ else c\ld ,i get !re 9 "t8 ,make s5t5ces conta9+ ! foll[+ words us$ z adjectives & z adv]bs3 high1 la/1 long1 l[1 mu*1 r\nd1 sl[1 /raight4 #gf4 ,"s words may be us$ bo? z adv]bs & z prepositions4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,i look$ 9 z ,i w5t by10 bo? 9 & by are adv]bs4 ,h[ d we "k ?is8 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,z ,i w5t by ! h\se1 ,i look$ 9 ! w9d[10 bo? 9 & by are prepositions4 ,:at are _! objects8 ,:at d ! phrases modify8 ,ex]cise4--,:at "p ( spee* are ! italiciz$ words 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces8 ,give y\r reason 9 ea* case4 #a4 ,beyond lay ! city ( _! dreams4 #b4 ,our h\se /&s beyond ! *ur*4 #c4 ,ov] ! ,alps lies ,italy4 #d4 ,come ov] ?is ev5+ if y c4 #e4 ,%e fa9t$ & did n come to = an h\r4 #f4 ,! gran>y is beh9d ! b>n4 #g4 ,i*abod look$ beh9d = an in/ant4 #h4 ,a /orm ( sleet 0 rag+ )\t4 #i4 ,civiliz$ man _c d )\t cooks4 ,make s5t5ces 9 :i* ! foll[+ words are us$ bo? z adv]bs & z prepositions3 ab\t1 above1 along1 d[n1 (f1 on1 ?r\gh1 "u1 up1 )94 ,,xxiii4 ,,transitive ,,v]bs4 ,,object ,,( ,,v]b #gg4 ,we h se5 t a n\n may be relat$ to a v]b z its subject4 ,:5 ! v]b ass]ts action1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,_m birds eat flies10 !n ! subject _m birds names ! do]1 or p]=m]1 ( ! action4 ,!re is ano!r v common relation t a n\n may be> to a v]b4 ,9 ! s5t5ce above1 ! v]b eat ass]ts an action t is n only p]=m$ by some?+1 b is also p]=m$ ^u some?+4 ,t is1 !re is a do] ( ! action1 _m birds1 & a receiv] ( ! action1 flies4 ,if we _h m]ely ! subject & ! v]b1 our s5t5ce w\ld be incomplete1 & we %\ld ask at once1 eat :at8 ,s9ce ! ^w flies completes ! mean+ ( ! v]b eat1 we call x ! complem5t ( ! v]b4 ,s9ce x names ! receiv] ( ! action t is ass]t$ by ! v]b eat1 we call x ! object or direct object ( ! v]b4 #gh4 ,n all v]bs require an object--only ^? :i* ass]t action :i* ! subject p]=ms ^u "s p]son or ?+4 ,su* v]bs are call$ transitive v]bs4 #gi4 ,! object ( a v]b is n always a s+le ^w4 ,! object may be comp\nd1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,_m birds eat flies & gnats & mosquitoes40 ,aga91 ! object may be a gr\p ( words1 ( :i* a n\n is ! base ^w4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce !re are ?ree transitive v]bs4 ,:at is ! object ( ea* v]b8 ,:at is ! base ^w ( ea* object8--8,miss ,doro!a du/$ ! bani/]s r\nd ! por*1 /raight5$ ! r[s ( %oes 9 "m's closet1 & fold$ ! daily pap]s 9 ! rack40 #hj4 ,j z we c f9d ! subject ( a v]b by ask+ ! "q made by plac+ :o or :at be=e ! v]b1 s we c f9d ! object ( a v]b t ass]ts action by ask+ ! "q made by plac+ :om or :at aft] ! v]b4 ,^! que/ions are (t5 a great help1 especially if a s5t5ce is long or transpos$4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,a m mis]able little bea/ ,i _h nev] se510 :at is ! v]b8 ,ask a "q to f9d ! subject4 ,ask a "q to f9d ! object4 ,summ>y4--,a transitive v]b is "o t ass]ts action p]=m$ ^u "s p]son or ?+4 ,a complem5t is a ^w or a gr\p ( words us$ to complete ! mean+ ( a v]b4 ,! direct object ( a v]b is a ^w or a gr\p ( words t completes ! mean+ ( a transitive v]b & names ! receiv] ( ! action4 ,,note4--,n all transitive v]bs d5ote action t is accompani$ by motion4 ,"s d5ote action ( ! s5ses2 z1 8,i see ! />10 8,i ta/e ! pepp]40 ,o!rs d5ote action ( ! feel+s2 z1 8,i love ! tru?10 8,i hate a lie40 ,/ill o!rs d n d5ote action at all2 z1 8,i mean y10 8,our =efa!rs own$ slaves10 8,i kept h] lett]40 ,we mu/ enl>ge our notion ( transitive v]bs s z to make x include all v]bs t take a complem5t :i* d5otes a diff]5t p]son or ?+ f ! subject4 ,ex]cise #a4--,select all ! transitive v]bs 9 ^! s5t5ces4 ,f9d bo? _! subjects & _! objects by ask+ ! prop] que/ions4 ,,note4--,a transitive v]b may be modifi$ be=e x is complet$4 ,?is is true ( lifts 9 s5t5ce #b4 ,(t5] ! idea express$ by ! v]b & its object toge!r is modifi$2 z 9 s5t5ce #a1 :]e ! phrase 9 despair modifies n %ook b %ook h] head4 #a4 ,dotty ,dimple %ook h] head 9 despair4 #b4 ,at ! ^w ( comm&1 ! two horsem5 /op1 ea* man lifts up 8 "r leg1 ?r[s x ov] ! back ( 8 horse1 & drops x to ! gr\nd s t ! two boots tap ! pavem5t at ! same in/ant4 #c4 ,h] fa!r f\nd a pleasant seat on ! %ady side1 hung ! basket 9 a rack1 & op5$ a w9d[4 #d4 ,:5 ! "y surveyor left ,detroit1 he c>ri$ a huge gre5 b&box1 & 8 wife 9 h] f> fronti] home receiv$ 9 due "t a beautiful blue bonnet4 #e4 ,i ?rew (f an ov]coat1 took an arm*air by ! crackl+ logs1 & await$ pati5tly ! arrival ( my ho/s4 #f4 ,all ! _w likes molasses c&y4 #g4 ,! *ildr5 br\ght home great bun*es ( ! brilliant leaves1 & "s !y press$ & v>ni%$1 :ile o!rs ,ka!r9e dipp$ 9 melt$ wax4 #h4 ,john trod d[n ! exquisite f]ns & ! wond]ful mosses )\t compunction4 ,b he ga!r$ f ! crevices ( ! rocks ! columb9e & ! eglant9e & ! blue h>ebell2 he pick$ ! high-flavor$ alp9e /rawb]ry1 ! blueb]ry1 ! boxb]ry1 wild currants & gooseb]ries & fox grapes2 he br\ght home armfuls ( ! p9k & :ite laurel & ! wild honeysuckle2 he dug ! roots ( ! fragrant sassafras & ( ! sweet flag2 he ate ! t5d] leaves ( ! w9t]gre5 & its r$ b]ries2 he ga!r$ ! pepp]m9t & ! spe>m9t2 he gnaw$ ! twigs ( ! black bir*2 he dug ! amb] gum f ! spruce-tree2 he br\ght home su* m$ic9al h]bs = ! g>ret z ! gold?read1 ! tansy1 & ! loa?some 8boneset10 & he laid 9 = ! w9t]1 l a squirrel1 /ores ( bee*nuts1 hazelnuts1 hickorynuts1 *e/nuts1 & butt]nuts4 ,ex]cise #b4--;,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- ,,note4--,if any "p ( a s5t5ce is comp\nd1 /ate t fact be=e analyz+ x4 ,if ! subject or object is comp\nd1 give ! base words fir/1 & !n ! modifi]s ( ea*4 ,if ! pr$icate is comp\nd1 analyze ! fir/ pr$icate completely1 !n ! second1 & s on4 ,if any adv]b or prepositional phrase modifies ! idea d5ot$ by ! v]b & ! object1 be sure to say s 9 y\r analysis4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,we h se5 8 /> 9 ! ea/10 ! pr$icate v]b is h se54 ,x is complet$ by ! direct object 8 />1 & !n modifi$ by ! prepositional phrase 9 ! ea/4 #a4 ,sometimes a p]fume l abs9! sweet5$ all ! air4 #b4 ,! little br[n field m\se ran along 9 ! grass1 pok$ 8 nose into ev]y?+1 & f9ally spi$ a smoo?1 %9y acorn4 #c4 ,my son1 desc5d ^? /eps & ent] t door4 #d4 ,_m & _m a pair ( mitt5s _h ^? busy f+]s knit4 #e4 ,always )9 a few mom5ts ! rabbits w\ld resume _! leap+ progress ?r\gh ! :ite glitt] & ! h>d1 black %ad[s4 #f4 ,! visit ( ! tax collector seldom gives unmix$ joy4 #g4 ,scrooge took 8 melan*oly d9n] 9 8 usual melan*oly tav]n4 #h4 ,! fir/ glimpse ( a new c\ntry always quick5s ! s5se ( ! travel]4 #i4 ,rebecca took (f h] hat & cape & hung !m 9 ! hall1 put h] rubb] %oes & umbrella c>efully 9 ! corn]1 & !n op5$ ! door ( p>adise4 #aj4 ,! sc5t ( h]bs & ! fragrance ( fruit fill$ ! great unf9i%$ *amb]4 #aa4 ,a poli%$ braz5 rod on a broad wood5 p$e/al beside ! arm*air held half a doz5 lamps ( silv] on slid+ arms4 #ab4 ,messala hugg$ ! /ony wall ) p]il\s clasp4 #ac4 ,amrah rubb$ h] eyes1 b5t clos] d[n1 clasp$ h] h&s1 gaz$ wildly ar\nd1 look$ at ! sleep]1 !n /oop$ & rais$ 8 h&1 & kiss$ x fondly4 #ad4 ,! proprietor ( ! fruit /& has a bald head1 a long face1 & a nose l ! beak ( a hawk4 #ae4 ,)\t m ado ,mr4 ,c>y grasp$ 8 arm firmly1 & fairly lift$ him into ! room4 ,,xxiv4 ,,intransitive ,,v]bs ,,ass]t+ ,,action #ha4 ,transitive v]bs1 z we h se51 ass]t action p]=m$ ^u "s p]son or ?+4 ,!re are _m o!r v]bs 9 our language t ass]t action1 b ! action is n p]=m$ ^u any?+4 ,on ! contr>y1 ! action ends 9 itself2 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! w9d 9 ! *imney sigh$ & moan$ & %iv]$40 ,"h ! w9d is said to p]=m ?ree actions1 b ^! actions 7 n receiv$ by any?+4 ,v]bs l sigh$1 moan$1 & %iv]$ are said to be intransitive v]bs4 #hb4 ,n all intransitive v]bs ass]t action4 ,! v]b be & a few o!rs 7see ,lesson ,,xxv7 :i* ass]t m]ely be+1 are also intransitive v]bs2 z1 8,i am hungry10 8,y are k9d10 8,he is extravagant10 8,!y 7 c>eless40 #hc4 ,x frequ5tly happ5s t ! same v]b may be us$ 9 "o s5t5ce z a transitive v]b1 & 9 ano!r z an intransitive v]b4 ,if we say1 8,! horse kick$ 8 ma/]10 ! v]b kick$ is transitive4 ,:y8 ,if we say1 8,! poor boy kick$ & squirm$ & groan$10 ! v]b kick$ is intransitive4 ,:y8 ,we %\ld always classify a v]b z x is us$ 9 ! p>ticul> s5t5ce "u consid]ation4 ,summ>y4--,an intransitive v]b is "o t ass]ts 7#a7 be+1 or 7#b7 action t is n receiv$ by any p]son or ?+4 ,ex]cise #a4--,select all ! v]bs 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & classify !m z transitive or intransitive4 ,tell ! subject ( ea* v]b4 ,if ! v]b is transitive1 tell its object4 #a4 ,! pr9cess sat at table next to ! k+ & que54 #b4 ,at ^! words a grave smile ( approval light$ ! gaunt face ( ! ,h9du4 #c4 ,! spr+ murmur$ dr[sily beside him4 ,! bran*es wav$ dreamily across ! blue sky ov]head4 ,a deep sleep fell ^u ,david ,swan4 #d4 ,:ile %eph]ds wat*$ _! flocks by night1 ,all seat$ on ! gr\nd1 ,an angel ( ! ,"l came d[n1 ,& glory %one ar\nd4 #e4 ,mr4 ,j]emy /uck 8 pole into ! mud1 & fa/5$ ! boat to x4 #f4 ,! cat got up & /ret*$ h]self1 & came & sniff$ at ! basket4 #g4 ,i w\ld h sp>$ ! woman :o gave !e ! milk4 #h4 ,8 hair _h fall5 ab\t 8 %\ld]s4 #i4 ,!y sang patriotic songs1 !y told /ories1 !y fir$ torp$oes1 !y fright5$ ! cats4 #aj4 ,i c\ld h kill$ a buck :ile ?\ wa/ /rik+4 #aa4 ,away roll$ ! bogghun1 away & away1 ov] ! mead[s & into ! =e/2 away & away b\nd$ ! ,pr9cess 9 pursuit4 ,! gold5 nose r+ fla%$ & glitt]$ 9 ! sunlight1 ! gold5 bangles on h] wri/s & ankles t9kl$ & rang _! t9y bells z %e w5t4 ,! monkeys sw++ by _! tails f ! bran*es1 *att]$ ) a/oni%m5t at u2 ! wild p>rot scream$ at u2 all ! birds sang & *irp$ & twitt]$4 #ab4 ,! *ipmunk appe>$ at ! m\? ( 8 d51 look$ quickly ab\t1 took a few leaps to a tussock ( grass1 paus$ a brea? ) "o foot rais$1 slipp$ quickly a few y>ds ov] "s dry leaves1 paus$ aga9 by a /ump beside a pa?1 ru%$ across ! pa? to ! pile ( loose /ones1 w5t "u ! fir/ & ov] ! second1 ga9$ ! pile ( po/s1 made 8 way ?r\gh t1 survey$ 8 c\rse a half mom5t f ! o!r side ( x1 & !n d>t$ on to "s o!r cov]1 & pres5tly beyond my range1 :]e he mu/ h ga!r$ acorns1 = no o!r nut-be>+ trees ?an oaks grew ne>4 ,ex]cise #b4--,tell :e!r ! italiciz$ v]bs 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces are transitive or intransitive4 ,give y\r reason 9 ea* case4 ,if a v]b is transitive1 tell h[ x is complet$4 ,if x is intransitive1 tell h[ x is modifi$4 #a4 ,all ! brooks h bur/ _! icy *a9s4 #b4 ,! boil] bur/ ) a trem5d\s noise4 #c4 ,d y\r duty2 t is be/4 #d4 ,su* language w nev] d = a tea*]4 #e4 ,miss ,cl>issa draws & pa9ts v well4 #f4 ,giotto drew a p]fect circle ) "o sweep ( 8 arm4 #g4 ,! swall[ flies ) a graceful dipp+ motion4 #h4 ,! boys are fly+ _! kites on ! common4 #i4 ,give u ?is day our daily bread4 #aj4 ,! rope 0 /ret*$ s tightly t x did n give ) 8 weight4 #aa4 ,all day he sits 9 8 arm *air & reads4 #ab4 ,h y read 8,! ,man )\t a ,c\ntry08 #ac4 ,! woodwork]s h /ruck = %ort] h\rs4 #ad4 ,david /ruck ,uriah ,heep on ! *eek4 #ae4 ,aunt ,betsy swept d[n ^u ! trespass]s4 #af4 ,i mu/ sweep ! spid]s (f ! por*4 ,,xxv4 ,,intransitive ,,v]bs ,,ass]t+ ,,be+4 ,,n\ns ,,z ,,subjective ,,complem5ts #hd4 ,!re is no o!r v]b us$ (t5] ?an ! v]b be1 ) its v>i\s =ms1--is1 are1 am1 01 w be1 has be51 etc4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! lake is ! "m ( ! great riv]s10 !re w\ld be no ass]tion )\t ! v]b is1 & yet x does n ass]t action ( any sort4 ,! s5t5ce pla9ly means t ! lake & ! "m ( ! great riv]s are id5tical2 t is1 !y are "o & ! same ?+4 ,! v]b is enables u to ass]t id5tity4 ,a v]b ( ?is k9d is intransitive4 ,x is (t5 call$ a v]b ( be+1 to di/+ui% x f v]bs t ass]t action4 #he4 ,"s o!r v]bs ( ?is k9d are seem1 appe>1 become1 gr[1 feel1 look1 smell1 ta/e1 & s\nd4 ,!y are class$ z v]bs ( be+ because !y mean--to be 9 appe>ance1 9 looks1 9 smell1 9 ta/e1 etc41 z1 8,y appe> ill10 8,%e looks "y10 8,! milk ta/es s\r40 ,v]bs t ass]t be+ are intransitive v]bs4 #hf4 ,intransitive v]bs ( be+ usually ne$ a complem5t4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,i am a sp9n] ( long y>ns10 if we _h m]ely ! subject & ! v]b1 ,i am1 we %\ld ask1 am :at8 ,! gr\p ( words a sp9n] ( long y>ns answ]s ?is "q1 & s completes ! pr$icate4 ,x is n an object complem5t1 h[ev]1 = x _c "n ! receiv] ( an action s9ce ! v]b does n ass]t action at all4 ,?is complem5t d5otes id5tity ) ! subject2 h5ce x is call$ a subjective complem5t4 ,(t5 ! subjective complem5t d5otes ! class to :i* ! p]son or ?+ nam$ by ! subject belongs2 z1 8,corn is a gra910 8,my fri5d is a f>m]40 #hg4 ,! subject & ! object complem5t d5ote two diff]5t p]sons or ?+s1 b ! subject & ! subjective complem5t always ref] to ! same p]son or ?+4 #hh4 ,! subjective complem5t is sometimes a s+le n\n1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,/>s are suns40 ,:5 ! subjective complem5t is a gr\p ( words1 a n\n is usually ! base ^w2 z1 8,procra/9ation is ! ?ief ( "t40 ,9 s5t5ces conta9+ a subjective complem5t1 ! subject comes be=e ! v]b1 & ! subjective complem5t aft] ! v]b1 unless ! s5t5ce is transpos$2 z1 8,lords ( ! sea are we40 #hi4 ,sometimes1 in/ead ( hav+ a complem5t1 a v]b ( be+ is modifi$ by a prepositional phrase1 or ev5 by an adv]b1 d5ot+ place2 z1 8,my b>k is on ! sea10 8,yond] is my home40 ,summ>y4--,v]bs t ass]t be+ or id5tity are intransitive v]bs4 ,a subjective complem5t is a ^w or a gr\p ( words t completes a v]b & ref]s to ! same p]son or ?+ z ! subject4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! intransitive v]bs ( be+ 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,f9d _! subjects & _! complem5ts1 & ! base words ( ea*4 ,analyze s5t5ces #a1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #g1 #i1 #ad4 #a4 ,?is palace 0 ! resid5ce ( ! que5 consort ( ,engl&4 #b4 ,! k+ 0 9 8 c\nt+ h\se1 c\nt+ out 8 money1 ,! que5 0 9 ! p>lor1 eat+ bread & honey4 #c4 ,my "n is ,beautiful ,joe1 & ,i am a br[n dog ( m$ium size4 #d4 ,h] wor%ip ( ,god 0 unselfi% s]vice1 & h] pray]s 7 wor?y de$s4 #e4 ,! "o great poem ( ,new ,engl& is h] ,sunday4 #f4 ,?is gu9ea pig's "n 0 ,jeff1 & he & ,i became good fri5ds4 #g4 ,pati5t wait]s are no los]s4 #h4 ,9 ?is f9e op5 squ>e are magnific5t f\nta9s1 h&some /atu>y on tall p$e/als1 & cr[ds ( vehicles & foot pass5g]s cross+ x 9 e direction4 #i4 ,a jackknife 9 8 exp]t h& 0 a :ole *e/ ( tools4 #aj4 ,"o ( ! be/ ?+s 9 ! _w to be is a boy4 #aa4 ,backbit+ is ! meane/ k9d ( bit+1 n except+ ! bite ( fleas4 #ab4 ,! rattle ( a bucket 9 a neighbor's y>d1 no long] mix$ ) o!r weekday noises1 seem$ a new s\nd4 #ac4 ,little ,boy ,blue1 come bl[ y\r horn4 ,! %eep's 9 ! mead[1 ! c['s 9 ! corn4 #ad4 ,i became an en?usia/ic little cook4 #ae4 ,k+ ,ar?ur's son 0 a h&some1 polite1 & brave knight4 #af4 ,! bees are abroad "u ! call+ sky1 & ! r$ ( apple buds becomes a sign 9 ! or*>ds4 #ag4 ,always d>k] turns ! gr[+ hemp z x ru%es upw>d4 ,acc\nt = ! punctuation ( s5t5ces #c1 #d1 #f1 #h1 & #ae4 ,,xxvi4 ,,adjectives ,,z ,,subjective ,,complem5ts #ij4 ,9 ! s5t5ces1 7#a7 8,! tomato is a fruit10 7#b7 8,t tall boy is ! w9n] ( ! race10 ! base ^w ( ! subjective complem5t is a n\n1 because we wi% to ass]t 7#a7 class1 7#b7 id5tity4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! old g5tleman's face 0 s]5e & rosy10 ! base words ( ! subjective complem5t are ! two adjectives s]5e & rosy1 because we wi% to ass]t ! *>act]i/ics1 or qualities1 ( ! old g5tleman's face4 ,?is is a v common use ( ! adjective1 z se5 9 ! famili> s5t5ces1 8,grass is gre510 8,honey is sweet10 8,ice is cold40 #ia4 ,! v]bs ( be+ t 7 giv5 9 ,lesson ,,xxv1--be1 become1 look1 seem1 appe>1 feel1 smell1 ta/e1 s\nd1 & gr[1--(t5 take adjectives = subjective complem5ts2 z1 8,my head feels dizzy10 8,?is s5t5ce s\nds que]10 8,m>y grew plump & /rong40 ,9 "s cases :]e ! language af=ds no adjectives t exactly express ! mean+1 we use a prepositional phrase z subjective complem5t2 z 9 ! common expressions1 8,! h\se is on fire10 8,! girl is 9 love10 8,! man is 9 debt40 ,none ( ^! phrases d5ote place1 b ea* ( !m d5otes a condition4 ,,note4--,an adjective us$ z a subjective complem5t is (t5 modifi$ by a prepositional phrase4 ,if we say 8,! b9 is full10 somebody w ask 8full ( :at80 ,if we say 8full ( apples10 x is evid5t t ! phrase ( apples modifies full4 ,we also say glad ( x1 tir$ ( play1 wild ) joy1 gre5 ) envy1 etc4 ,^! expressions are diff]5t1 h[ev]1 f :at we f9d 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,i 0 tir$ 9 ! ev5+10 :]e ! phrase 9 ! ev5+1 d5ot+ "t1 modifies n ! adjective tir$1 b ! two words 0 tir$4 ,summ>y4--,an adjective1 or a gr\p ( words ( :i* an adjective is ! base ^w1 may be ! subjective complem5t ( an intransitive v]b4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! intransitive v]bs ( be+ 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,f9d _! subjects & _! complem5ts1 & ! base words ( ea*4 ,analyze s5t5ces #a1 #b1 #f1 #g1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #ac1 #ae4 #a4 ,! /+ ( a bee is sometimes deadly4 #b4 ,! wood*uck look$ sulky1 & scrat*$ 8 nose expressively4 #c4 ,! travel]'s limbs 7 numb1 = ! ride _h be5 long & we>isome4 #d4 ,%e might be poor 9 purse & weak 9 body1 ?is brave "y "m1 b %e 0 ri* 9 hope & /rong 9 _s4 #e4 ,by ! ?ird day ,i felt too weak & sick to /ir4 #f4 ,at ^! words ! k+ grew purple 9 ! face4 #g4 ,conrad w keep quiet ov] 8 books4 #h4 ,m>y 0 beautiful1 fem99e 9 _s1 & lovely4 ,elizabe? 0 tal5t$1 mascul9e1 & pla94 ,m>y 0 artless1 unaffect$1 & g5tle4 ,elizabe? 0 he>tless1 intrigu+1 & ins9c]e4 #i4 ,y\r gr&fa!r look$ v funny 9 8 r$ nightcap1 & )\t 8 tee?4 #aj4 ,v few poetic p are good at ari?metic4 #aa4 ,! g>d5 at ! back ( ! h\se 0 sweet ) ! sc5t ( newly blossom$ lilacs & ! fre%ness ( "y grass4 #ab4 ,sn[-:ite 0 ! foam t fla%$ upw>d und]nea? ! curv+ pr[4 #ac4 ,is n ,little ,annie afraid ( su* a tumult8 #ad4 ,8 m\? felt z dry & /iff & h>d z a *ip4 #ae4 ,! p w5t ne>ly mad = joy4 #ib4 ,a common error is ! misuse ( an adv]b = an adjective z ! subjective complem5t ( a v]b ( be+4 ,we %\ld say1 8,i feel bad1 or ill1 or unhappy0 7n badly74 ,ano!r common error is ! misuse ( an adjective = an adv]b z a modifi] ( a v]b ( action4 ,we %\ld say1 8,! *ild le>ns easily0 7n easy74 ,if we wi% to tell a quality or condition ( ! subject1 we %\ld use an adjective2 z1 8,! oak leaves turn$ br[n40 ,if we wi% to tell ! mann] ( an action1 we %\ld use an adv]b2 z1 8,! leaves turn$ quickly ?is fall40 ,ex]cise #a4--,tell ! "p ( spee* ( ea* italiciz$ ^w 9 ^! s5t5ces1 & ju/ify its use4 #a4 ,m>y dresses neatly & always looks *>m+4 #b4 ,! *ildr5 mu/ keep quiet to-night4 #c4 ,/& /raight & brea! deeply4 #d4 ,look at !m k9dly & speak g5tly4 #e4 ,! old bi%op looks k9d & g5tle4 #f4 ,?is pie ta/es v que]4 #g4 ,"m feels uneasy if we are out late4 #h4 ,! boy seem$ n]v\s & felt uneasily ( 8 wat* *a94 #i4 ,poor oil made ! lamp smell v disagreeable4 #aj4 ,all ! doors /ood op54 #aa4 ,! air grew cold /eadily4 #ab4 ,keep ! box c>efully till ,i return4 ,ex]cise #b4--,select ! "r ^w = ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & give y\r reason 9 ea* case3-- #a4 ,! light is s poor t ,i _c see ! picture 7pla9 or pla9ly74 #b4 ,i am fright5$ :5 %e speaks 7cross or crossly7 to me4 #c4 ,sit ) me s t y c he> 7good or well74 #d4 ,does he always deal 7hone/ or hone/ly7 ) y8 #e4 ,! mis] di$ 7mis]able or mis]ably74 #f4 ,y came s 7sudd5 or sudd5ly7 t ,i 0 tak5 by surprise4 #g4 ,no wond] y fell1 y move too 7quick or quickly74 #h4 ,h[ 7/yli% or /yli%ly7 %e dresses4 #i4 ,i 7sure or surely7 mail$ ! lett]4 #aj4 ,next "t ,i %all act m 7s5sible or s5sibly74 #aa4 ,money comes 7easy or easily7 to him1 & is soon gone4 #ab4 ,i felt s 7bad or badly7 t ,i cri$4 #ac4 ,i 0 ill ye/]day1 b ,i feel pretty 7good or well7 ?is morn+4 #ad4 ,all my rose bu%es look 7f9e or f9ely74 ,,xxvii4 ,,review ,,( ,,v]bs #ic4 ,a v]b is an ass]t+ ^w4 ,a transitive v]b is "o t ass]ts action p]=m$ ^u "s p]son or ?+4 ,a transitive v]b is complet$ by a direct object4 ,! direct object ( a transitive v]b is a ^w or a gr\p ( words t completes ! mean+ ( ! v]b & names ! receiv] ( ! action4 ,! base ^w ( a direct object is usually a n\n4 ,an intransitive v]b is "o t ass]ts1 7#a7 be+1 or 7#b7 action n p]=m$ ^u any p]son or ?+4 ,an intransitive v]b ( action ne$s no complem5t4 ,an intransitive v]b ( be+ is usually complet$ by a subjective complem5t4 ,a subjective complem5t is a ^w or a gr\p ( words t completes a v]b & ref]s to ! same p]son or ?+ z ! subject4 ,a subjective complem5t d5otes id5tity ) ! subject1 or tells ! class to :i* ! subject belongs1 or "s quality ( ! subject4 ,! base ^w ( a subjective complem5t may be a n\n or an adjective4 ,ex]cise4--,select & classify all ! v]bs 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,tell ! subject ( ea* v]b1 & tell h[ ea* v]b is complet$ or modifi$4 #a4 ,z soon z he saw ! cat 9 ! soap b>rel1 he set ! lamp d[n on ! cell> bottom1 & laugh$ s t he c\ld h>dly move4 #b4 ,:5 night came1 ,i felt /ill m lonesome4 #c4 ,little ,toomai %all become a great track]4 #d4 ,! w9d :i/l$ ar\nd ! l[1 unpla/]$ *amb]1 b ! b$s 7 s(t & w>m1 & ! gue/s 7 ready = sleep4 #e4 ,! y\nge/ daught] 0 ! g5tle/ & mo/ beautiful creature ev] se51 & ! pride ( all ! p 9 ! l&4 #f4 ,i am too /iff & sore f a t]rible fall ,i h _h1 to write m ?an "o l9e4 #g4 ,next mon?1 :5 ! city _h return$ to its sunbak$ quiet1 ! ,h9du did a ?+ t no ,engli%man w\ld h dream$ ( do+2 =1 s f> z ! _w's affairs w5t1 he di$4 #h4 ,! knoll 9 ! tam>ack swamp 0 a hav5 ( peace amid ! fi]ce b furtive w>f>e ( ! wild]ness4 #i4 ,beauty rose by f\r o'clock e morn+1 light$ ! fires1 clean$ ! h\se1 & prep>$ ! breakfa/ = ! :ole family4 #aj4 ,m ye>s sp$ swiftly & tranquilly away4 #aa4 ,:at a place ! old m>ket mu/ h be5 9 ! days ( ,h]od ! ,build]6 #ab4 ,! liz>d belong+ to my mi/ress 0 a v beautiful creature4 #ac4 ,! rocky walls are r$ ) ! sc>let ( ! g]anium1 agl[ ) ! orange ( ! lantana1 or !y are hidd5 by ! purple veil ( ! wild convolvulus4 ,! da9ty sweet alyssum cl+s to ! rock 9 great pat*es1 & ! little rice plant lays its p9k *eek aga9/ x lov+ly4 #ad4 ,! spr+ _h be5 a try+ season = ! lank %e-be>4 #ae4 ,"r pr\d ! b>on 0 ( 8 gallant /e$4 #af4 ,!re is ! h\se ) ! gate r$-b>r$4 #ag4 ,! big male cuff$ ! cubs aside )\t c]emony1 m\nt$ ! c>cass ) an air ( lord%ip1 gl>$ ab\t him1 & sudd5ly ) a sn>l ( wra?1 fix$ 8 eyes ^u ! gre5 bran*es :]e9 ! boy 0 conceal$4 #ah4 ,rip ,van ,w9kle 0 a k9d neighbor & an ob$i5t1 h5-peck$ husb&4 #ai4 ,! great error 9 ,rip's composition 0 an insup]able av]sion to all k9ds ( pr(itable labor4 #bj4 ,! same sweet clov] smell is 9 ! breeze4 #ba4 ,david /oop$ d[n & pil$ ! fagots 9 ! holl[ ( 8 arm4 #bb4 ,g5tle are ! days :5 ! ye> is "y4 #bc4 ,! w9t] sun%9e on ! fields seems full ( re/4 #bd4 ,i feel out ( place "u ?is ro(4 #be4 ,/rips ( sn[ /ill :it5$ ! fields1 b on ! /umps 7 bluebirds1 & !y w>bl$ ( spr+4 #bf4 ,! great limb ( ! c$> snapp$ (f1 roll$ ov] 9 ! air1 & lay on ! gr\nd l a huge animal4 ,,xxviii4 ,,n\ns3 ,,numb] #id4 ,:5 we wi% a n\n to d5ote m ?an "o object1 we (t5 *ange its =m slightly4 ,man becomes m51 *ild becomes *ildr51 riv] becomes riv]s4 ,?is *ange 9 ! =m ( a n\n by :i* x d5otes "o object or m ?an "o is call$ numb]4 ,numb] is said to be "o ( ! prop]ties ( a n\n4 #ie4 ,:5 a n\n d5otes "o object1 x is said to be 9 ! s+ul> numb]2 z1 lion1 m\se1 knife4 ,:5 a n\n d5otes m ?an "o object1 x is said to be 9 ! plural numb]2 z1 lions1 mice1 knives4 #if4 ,mo/ n\ns =m _! plural by add+ s or es to ! s+ul>2 z1 key1 keys2 h&1 h&s2 rope1 ropes2 mass1 masses2 fox1 foxes2 *ur*1 *ur*es2 bu%1 bu%es4 ,?is is said to be ! regul> way ( =m+ ! plural4 ,:y is x t "s words add es in/ead ( s8 #ig4 ,n\ns end+ 9 o prec$$ by a v[el =m _! plural by add+ s2 z1 folio1 folios2 cameo1 cameos4 ,"s n\ns end+ 9 o prec$$ by a consonant add es1 & o!rs s2 z1 potato1 potatoes2 mosquito1 mosquitoes2 solo1 solos2 piano1 pianos4 #ih4 ,"s n\ns =m _! plural irregul>ly4 7#a7 ,a few n\ns *ange ! v[el2 z1 man1 m52 goose1 geese2 m\se1 mice2 foot1 feet2 too?1 tee?4 7#b7 ,a few n\ns add en2 z1 ox1 ox52 *ild1 *ildr54 7#c7 ,n\ns end+ 9 y1 prec$$ by a consonant s\nd1 *ange y to i & add es2 z1 fly1 flies2 fairy1 fairies4 7#d7 ,"s n\ns end+ 9 f or fe *ange f or fe to v & add es2 z1 wolf1 wolves2 knife1 knives4 #ii4 ,"s n\ns h ! same =m 9 bo? ! s+ul> & ! plural2 z1 de]1 gr\se1 salmon4 #ajj4 ,"s n\ns end+ 9 s look l plural n\ns1 b are reg>d$ z s+ul>2 z1 news1 a?letics1 gymna/ics4 #aja4 ,"s n\ns are us$ only 9 ! plural2 z1 scissors1 p9c]s1 ?anks4 #ajb4 ,comp\nd n\ns =m _! plural 9 ?ree diff]5t ways3-- 7#a7 ,by add+ s to ! la/ ^w2 z1 =get-me-n1 =get-me-nots4 7#b7 ,by add+ s to ! pr9cipal ^w2 z1 son-9-law1 sons-9-law4 7#c7 ,by pluraliz+ bo? words2 z1 mans]vant1 m5s]vants4 #ajc4 ,:5 a title is us$ ) "o "n1 we may pluralize ei!r ! "n or ! title4 ,we may say ! ,misses ,gray or ! ,miss ,grays1 ! ,messrs4 ,gre5wood or ! ,mr4 ,gre5woods4 ,:5 a title is us$ ) m ?an "o "n1 we pluralize ! title4 ,we say ! ,misses ,morgan & ,adams4 ,! title ,mrs4 has no plural1 s we mu/ say ,mrs4 ,morgan & ,mrs4 ,adams4 #ajd4 ,lett]s1 signs1 or figures =m _! plurals by add+ an apo/rophe & s2 z1 #f's1 i's1 t's4 #aje4 ,a few =eign n\ns h kept _! =eign plurals4 ,"s ( ^! 9 common use are /ratum1 /rata2 alumnus1 alumni2 axis1 axes4 #ajf4 ,"s n\ns h two plurals us$ ) slightly diff]5t mean+s2 z1 p5ny has p5nies & p5ce2 bro!r has bro!rs & bre?r52 die has dies & dice4 ,f9d out f ! diction>y ! mean+s ( ^! plurals4 ,! correct plural ( a n\n _c always be reason$ out4 ,x %\ld nev] be guess$4 ,x c always be le>n$ f a diction>y4 ,summ>y4--,numb] is t prop]ty ( a n\n by :i* x d5otes "o object or m ?an "o4 ,a s+ul> n\n d5otes "o object4 ,a plural n\n d5otes m ?an "o object4 ,n\ns =m _! plural regul>ly by add+ s or es to ! s+ul>4 ,_m n\ns =m _! plural irregul>ly4 ,ex]cise #a4--,tell ! plural ( ea* ( ! foll[+ n\ns4 ,tell h[ x is =m$4 ,consult ! diction>y :5 y are 9 d\bt4 alto apo/rophe box bru% calf *romo crisis cupful de] ,dut*man elf enemy fez fife foot ,g]man half h]o ho( lasso lioness loaf monkey motto m\se negro noose ,norman oasis piano pony %eaf size soprano tableau too? v]tebra volcano :>f c\rt-m>tial ,dr4 ,wright eyela% flag/aff ,g5]al ,all5 hang]-on jack-9-!-pulpit ,miss ,davis pass]-by po/ma/] g5]al w-o'-!-wisp ,ex]cise #b4--,select all ! n\ns 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & tell :e!r !y are s+ul> or plural4 ,give ! s+ul> ( ea* plural ^w1 & ! plural ( ea* s+ul> ^w4 #a4 ,li/56 ,9 yond] p9e woods :at a caw+ ( cr[s6 #b4 ,a wa%/& 9 ! corn]1 a *e/ ( c>v$ mahogany draw]s1 a look+-glass 9 a filigree frame1 & a high-back$ *air /udd$ ) brass nails l a c(f9 con/itut$ ! furniture4 #c4 ,!re h always be5 m$ic9e m51 ra9 mak]s1 wiz>ds1 conjur]s1 sorc]]s1 a/rolog]s1 & =tune tell]s1 ready to trade on ! fe>s ( ! weak1 ! ignorant1 & ! sup]/iti\s4 #d4 ,april br\ght ! blue scylla & ! sweet violet2 ,may br\ght ! mu*-lov$ n>cissus & lily ( ! valley4 #e4 ,9 came ! ?ree ,miss ,fezziwigs1 beam+ & lovable4 #f4 ,p h>dly ev] d "k :]e to be born until x is too late4 #g4 ,! bell 9 ! *ur* t[] 0 /rik+ six1 b ,i undress$ = ! night & buri$ myself "u ! b$clo!s4 #h4 ,z x fell out1 ! ?ree pr9cesses 7 talk+ "o night ( :om !y w\ld m>ry4 #i4 ,poor ,mrs4 ,wise6 ,i'm sure %e's to be piti$1 liv+ "h ) all ^! gr&*ildr54 #aj4 ,z soon z ,pussy he>d me %ut ! gate 9 ! y>d at noon1 :5 s*ool 0 done1 %e w\ld run up ! /airs z h>d z %e c\ld g4 #aa4 ,! puppy's nightly c\* 0 outside ! /able1 ev5 dur+ ! colde/ wea!r4 #ab4 ,! fi%1 /range creatures call$ gr\p]s1 ) great sluggi% bodies & horribly human faces1 come cr[d+ up to be f$4 #ac4 ,:at a h>dy set ( m5 !y 71 ^? ,nor?m5 ( old6 #ad4 ,! /reams t h ent]$ into our ,am]ican life come f spr+s v wide ap>t1--f ! ,puritan :om ,james ,i 0 p]secut+1 & f ! c\rti]s :om he 0 patroniz+2 f ! ,dut*m5 :om ,*>les ,,ii 0 fight+1 & f ! ,cov5ant]s :om he 0 try+ to conv]t at ! pi/ol's po9t2 f ! ,scot*m5 :o _h captur$ ! nor? ( ,irel&1 & f ! ,hugu5ots :o _h be5 driv5 out ( ! s\? ( ,france4 ,:at is ! use ( li/51 s5t5ce #a1 furniture1 #b1 horribly1 #ab8 ,h[ are ! adjectives weak1 ignorant1 & sup]/iti\s us$ 9 s5t5ce #c8 ,,xxix4 ,,n\ns3 ,,g5d] #ajg4 ,"o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( liv+ ?+s is sex2 t is1 all liv+ ?+s are male or female4 ,_m n\ns t are names ( liv+ ?+s indicate sex4 ,! n\n k+ indicates ! male sex4 ,! n\n que5 indicates ! female sex4 ,! prop]ty ( a n\n by :i* x indicates ! sex ( ! object nam$ is call$ g5d]4 #ajh4 ,s9ce !re are two sexes1 !re mu/ be at lea/ two g5d]s4 ,n\ns t indicate ! male sex are said to be ( ! mascul9e g5d]2 z1 h]o1 gr&fa!r4 ,n\ns t indicate ! female sex are said to be ( ! fem99e g5d]2 z1 h51 tigress1 si/]4 ,note t sex1 male or female1 ref]s to a di/9ction1 or diff]5ce1 9 ! liv+ creatures !mselves1 :ile g5d] is m]ely a prop]ty ( _! names t %[s ?is di/9ction4 ,x is absurd1 !re=e1 to speak ( a p]son ( ! mascul9e g5d]1 b x is all[able to speak ( mascul9e qualities1 mascul9e attire1 a mascul9e voice1 etc4 #aji4 ,s9ce ?+s )\t life h no sex1 ! n\ns t "n su* ?+s h no g5d]2 z1 sky1 t5t1 pie4 ,su* words are said to be ( ! neut] g5d]4 ,neut] means nei!r4 #aaj4 ,"s n\ns t may be appli$ to p]sons ( ei!r male or female sex are said to be ( common g5d]2 z1 *ild1 c\s91 p>5t1 cl]k4 #aaa4 ,g5d] is d5ot$ 9 ?ree ways3-- 7#a7 ,by a pair ( words2 z1 man1 woman2 bull1 c[2 lad1 lass4 7#b7 ,by inflection1 t is1 by add+ a syllable to ! mascul9e n\n to =m ! fem99e2 z1 h]o1 h]o9e2 lion1 lioness2 ho/1 ho/ess4 ,:at c y say ( ! words wid[ & wid[]8 7#c7 ,by prefix+ a ^w ^: g5d] is well kn[n2 z1 bull moose1 maids]vant1 %e be>4 ,,note4 --,"s fem99e n\ns are go+ out ( use4 ,we no long] use ! words poetess or au?oress4 ,if a woman prea*es1 %e is a m9i/]2 if %e practices m$ic9e1 %e is a doctor1 n a 8lady doctor40 ,summ>y4--,g5d] is t prop]ty ( a n\n :i* indicates ! sex or non-sex ( ! object nam$4 ,!re are f\r g5d]s3-- ,a n\n ( ! mascul9e g5d] indicates ! male sex4 ,a n\n ( ! fem99e g5d] indicates ! female sex4 ,a n\n ( ! neut] g5d] indicates ! abs5ce ( sex4 ,a n\n ( common g5d] may indicate ei!r ! male or ! female sex4 ,g5d] is d5ot$ 7#a7 by diff]5t words1 7#b7 by inflection1 7#c7 by prefix+ "s g5d] ^w4 ,ex]cise4--,tell ! g5d] ( ea* n\n 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,tell h[ its g5d] is d5ot$4 ,if y are 9 d\bt ab\t any ^w1 consult ! diction>y4 #a4 ,! %e wolf lay agoniz+ 9 ! d>ke/ corn] ( ! cave1 lick+ 9 grim sil5ce ! raw /ump ( h] "r =eleg4 #b4 ,! wild goose w++ at ! head ( ! ,v knew ( good fe$+ gr\nds ne> by1 :i* he 0 ready to revisit4 #c4 ,n vague 0 ! fe> ( ! brood+ gr\se 9 ! f>-(f ?icket1 ?\gh ! s\nd came to h] b dimly4 #d4 ,at ! capta9's signal ! ,seabird came alongside1 & ,mr4 ,w9t]mute left ,mrs4 ,h[e & h] little family to g on _! j\rney alone4 #e4 ,hav+ sniff$ ! air = sev]al m9utes1 )\t disc]n+ any?+ to int]e/ him1 ! great bull moose be?\ght him ( 8 ev5+ meal4 #f4 ,"h on ! ridge a buck1 ) 8 h]d ( does & fawns1 has e/abli%$ 8 w9t] 8y>d40 #g4 ,)\t a second's hesitation ! c[ flung up h] tail1 gave a %ort bell[1 & *>g$ ! be>4 #h4 ,ano!r ?+ t attracts att5tion is ! animals te!r$ "h1 !re1 & ev]y:]e4 ,y see donkeys1 goats1 c[s1 ev5 cats1 h5s1 & turkeys1 conf9$ by ! inevitable te!r4 #i4 ,nev] be=e s9ce ! ne/l+s broke ! %ell _h h] mate be5 s long away4 #aj4 ,! pupils nev] ent]$ ! /udy except ^u ! mo/ =mal occasions4 #aa4 ,a f9e cock gr\se alight$ on a log "s =ty paces di/ant1 /ret*$ himself1 /rutt$1 spread 8 ruff & w+s & tail1 & 0 ab\t to beg9 drumm+4 #ab4 ,p$e/rians walk :]e !y w1 "h1 !re1 or yond]4 #ac4 ,sev]al m5-(-w>1 ) a multitude ( small] craft1 are at an*or 9 ,grassy ,bay1 & ! admiral's %ip is ly+ on ! great float+ dock = repairs4 #ad4 ,"s civilians are buri$ "h1 & _m little *ildr52 & ,i came ^u a pa!tic memorial to a fair "y ,engli% wife1 :o foll[$ h] soldi] husb& hi!r ) h] little *ild1 only to die on ^! f>-(f %ores4 #ae4 ,any animal t _h di$ f natural causes ! wolves w\ld n t\*1 & !y ev5 reject$ any?+ t _h be5 kill$ by ! /ockm54 ,_! *oice & daily food 0 ! t5d]] "p ( a fre%ly kill$ ye>l+ heif]4 ,an old bull or c[ !y disda9$1 & ?\gh !y occasionally took a "y calf or colt1 x 0 q cle> t veal or horsefle% 0 n _! favorite diet4 ,x 0 also kn[n t !y 7 n fond ( mutton1 al?\gh !y (t5 amus$ !mselves by kill+ %eep4 ,,xxx4 ,,possessive ,,n\ns #aab4 ,in/ead ( say+1 8,i borr[$ ! knife belong+ to ,w10 we are likely to say1 8,i borr[$ ,w's knife40 ,"h we h a new =m ( ! n\n ,w4 ,x is us$ ) ! n\n knife to d5ote own]%ip ( ! knife1 & is call$ a possessive n\n4 #aac4 ,s9ce a possessive n\n d5otes own]%ip1 x mu/ be us$ ) ano!r n\n1 ! "n ( ! ?+ own$4 ,! possessive n\n is said to modify ?is o!r n\n4 ,9 ! expression doctor's c>1 ! possessive n\n doctor's modifies ! n\n c>4 ,:5 ! "n ( ! ?+ own$ is well kn[n1 x is (t5 omitt$4 ,we say1 8,i b\ght ^! skates at ,p]cy's10 & omit ! ^w /ore4 ,a ^w omitt$ 9 ?is way is said to be 8und]/ood40 #aad4 ,possessive n\ns h a c]ta9 =m ( _! own4 ,! possessive s+ul> ( a n\n is =m$ by add+ to x ! apo/rophe & s2 z1 girl's desk2 fri5d's home2 ,george's boat4 ,,note4--,9 a few common expressions1 l = ,jesus' sake1 = consci5ce' sake1 ! possessive is =m$1 = ! sake ( euphony1 by add+ m]ely ! apo/rophe4 ,:5 ! plural ( a n\n ends 9 s1 ! possessive plural is =m$ by add+ an apo/rophe2 z1 girls' league2 ladies' bonnets4 ,:5 ! plural ( a n\n does n end 9 s1 ! possessive plural is =m$ by add+ ! apo/rophe & s2 z1 wom5's %oes2 ox5's yokes4 #aae4 ,:5 two p]sons are jo9t own]s ( "o ?+1 we give ! possessive =m to ! "n ( ! second p]son only2 z1 ,lewis & ,fr$'s boat4 ,:5 two p]sons own sep>ate ?+s1 ! "n ( ea* p]son mu/ h ! possessive =m2 z1 ,i w5t to ,m&el's & ,field's1 mean+ two diff]5t /ores4 #aaf4 ,comp\nd n\ns =m ! possessive by add+ ! sign ( possession to ! la/ ^w2 z1 s+ul>1 son-9-law's2 plural1 sons-9-law's4 #aag4 ,! possessive n\n does n always express actual own]%ip4 ,?us1 8an h\r's walk0 means a walk la/+ an h\r1 8,l[ell's poems10 means ! poems writt5 by ,l[ell1 8a *ild's grief0 means ! grief felt by a *ild4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! day's "w8 a good night's re/8 a ye>'s vacation8 ! k+'s dea?8 #aah4 ,possession may be d5ot$ by a phrase beg9n+ ) ! preposition (4 ,?is phrase is mu* us$4 ,we say ! back ( ! *air1 n ! *air's back2 ! roots ( ! elm1 n ! elm's roots4 ,?is phrase enables u to avoid "s awkw>d possessives4 ,:at may we say in/ead ( my c\s9's wife's si/]8 ! k+ ( ,greece's c\rt8 #aai4 ,9 ! expression 8?is book ( ,john's10 we h :at is call$ a d\ble possessive1 = we h ! possessive n\n ,john's1 & ! phrase introduc$ by (4 ,we use ! d\ble possessive :5 ! n\n d5ot+ ! ?+ own$ is fir/ modifi$ by "s adjective1 z a1 !1 ?is1 e1 bo?1 no4 ,summ>y4--,a possessive n\n d5otes own]%ip4 ,a possessive n\n modifies ano!r n\n1 express$ or und]/ood4 ,! possessive s+ul> is =m$ by add+ ! apo/rophe & s4 ,! possessive plural is =m$ by add+ ! apo/rophe & s if ! n\n does n end 9 s1 & ! apo/rophe alone if ! n\n does end 9 s4 ,a d\ble possessive is a phrase consi/+ ( ! preposition ( foll[$ by "s possessive ^w4 ,ex]cise #a4--,write ! possessive ( ea* ( ^! n\ns4 ,tell :e!r x is s+ul> or plural4 attorney-g5]al *airman city colonies ,colonel ,clevel& comm&] 9 *ief ,*>les ,dick5s daught]s-9-law dw>fs foxes geese goddess groomsman ,fr5*man ,john ,keats ladies major g5]als ,miss ,james mulatto sailor boy ?ief wit*es woodpeck] yeoman ,ex]cise #b4--,select all ! possessive n\ns 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,tell :at n\ns !y modify1 & :e!r !y are s+ul> or plural4 ,tell also ! g5d] ( ea* possessive4 #a4 ,! lady's fondness & ! g5tleman's bl9dness 7 topics ably h&l$ at e sew+ circle 9 ! t[n4 #b4 ,/4 ,paul's is ! l>ge/ ,prote/ant *ur* 9 ! _w4 #c4 ,la/ ye>'s nuts are ?is ye>'s black e>?4 #d4 ,on ! way home we /opp$ at ! bak]'s to get "s cream puffs4 #e4 ,e debt ( my p>tn]'s has be5 paid4 #f4 ,! woodsman's aim 0 true4 #g4 ,! s+]s' seats1 :]e ! pretty girls sat1 7 ! mo/ conspicu\s ( all4 #h4 ,a half h\r's tramp ?r\gh difficult woods br\ght him to ! ne>e/ ( ! wat]s4 #i4 ,9 ,augu/ we _h two weeks' vacation4 #aj4 ,?is editorial ( ,roosevelt's is attract+ mu* att5tion4 #aa4 ,sulphur !y c\ld buy at ! apo!c>y's4 #ab4 ,! horse is coal-black1 :i* is ! regulation color ( ! ,horse-,gu>ds' horses4 #ac4 ,my clo!s & my fa!r's 7 pack$ 9 a little lea!r valise4 #ad4 ,! backwoodsman ca/ a t5d] look on ! sleep]s' faces1 & slipp$ out ( ! cab9 door z sil5tly z a %ad[4 #ae4 ,j :]e we leave ! highway to g to ,gibbs's ,hill we pass a ru9$ h\se4 #af4 ,he _h melt$ up 8 wife's gold ?imble & 8 great-gr&fa!r's gold-b[$ spectacles4 #ag4 ,i call$ on ,nancy because %e 0 a fri5d ( ,miss ,davis's4 #ah4 ,c y give a travel] a night's lodg+8 #ai4 ,:5 bee*5 buds beg9 to swell1 ,& woods ! bluebird's w>ble "k1 ,! yell[ violet's mode/ bell ,peeps f ! la/ ye>'s leaves bel[4 ,analyze s5t5ces #b1 #c1 #e1 #f1 #h1 #i1 #aa1 #af4 ,,xxxi4 ,,n\ns3 ,,case #abj4 ,we h se5 t a n\n may be us$ 9 diff]5t relations to o!r words 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,x may be relat$ to a v]b1 = in/ance1 z subject1 z object1 & z subjective complem5t4 ,t prop]ty ( a n\n :i* %[s its relation to "s o!r ^w 9 ! s5t5ce is call$ case4 #aba4 ,! ?ree mo/ important & /rik+ relations t a n\n may be> are ^!3 subject ( a v]b1 object ( a v]b1 & possessive modifi]4 ,h5ce !re are ?ree cases4 ,:5 a n\n is ! subject ( a v]b1 we say t x is 9 ! nom9ative case4 ,:5 x is ! object ( a v]b1 we say t x is 9 ! objective case4 ,:5 x is a possessive modifi]1 we say t x is 9 ! possessive case4 ,! pron\n has ! same ?ree cases z a n\n4 #abb4 ,a n\n is said to be decl9$ :5 we give its ?ree case =ms 9 bo? ! s+ul> & ! plural numb]4 ,,decl5sion ,,( *ild ,s+ul> ,plural ,nom4 *ild *ildr5 ,poss4 *ild's *ildr5's ,obj4 *ild *ildr5 #abc4 ,! n\n 9 ! nom9ative case is us$ 9 o!r relations besides t ( subject ( a v]b4 ,! subjective complem5t is 9 ! nom9ative case1 z well z ! n\n us$ indep5d5tly4 ,:5 a n\n is object ( a preposition1 x is 9 ! objective case4 ,summ>y4--,case is t prop]ty ( a n\n or a pron\n :i* %[s its relation to "s o!r ^w 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,!re are ?ree cases4 ,a n\n us$ z subject ( a v]b1 z subjective complem5t1 z an exclamatory n\n1 or z a t]m ( address is 9 ! nom9ative case4 ,a n\n us$ z object ( a v]b or ( a preposition is 9 ! objective case4 ,a n\n us$ z a possessive modifi] is 9 ! possessive case4 ,decl5sion is ! arrangem5t ( ! ?ree case =ms ( a n\n 9 ! two numb]s4 ,ex]cise4--,tell ! use1 ! case1 ! numb]1 & ! g5d] ( e n\n 9 ^! s5t5ces4 #a4 ,! *ill glitt] ( ! nor!rn summ] sunrise 0 wa%+ d[n ov] ! r\nd$ top ( old ,sug> ,loaf4 #b4 ,?ank him accord+ to our cu/oms1 ,m[gli4 #c4 ,:at a good draught ! nag takes6 #d4 ,alas6 ,kitty ,clov]1 !y say x is wick$2 t ,i mu/ n cat* gras%opp]s = a pussy cat on ,sunday4 #e4 ,:y doesn't y\r "m make a fre% cup ( c(fee8 #f4 ,we might %ovel (f ! sn[1 & dig d[n to "s ( la/ ye>'s onions4 #g4 ,pilgrim fa!rs6 :y %\ld we n glorify ! pilgrim mo!rs8 #h4 ,:at did ,pet]son ,sahib mean by ! elephant dance8 #i4 ,! boy is ! %oemak]'s fri5d4 #aj4 ,mi/ress ,m>y1 q contr>y1 ,h[ does y\r g>d5 gr[8 #aa4 ,i didn't ask ! capta9's leave :5 ,i att5d$ ?is c]emony1 = ,i _h a g5]al idea t he w\ldn't give x4 #ab4 ,cs> is c]ta9ly ! h&some/ & mo/ g5tlemanly cat ,i ev] saw4 #ac4 ,h[ 0 ! ,pr9cess's nose r+ ! cause ( y\r mis=tune8 #ad4 ,comrade1 :]e wilt ?\ be to-night4 ,:5 ! loos$ /orm breaks furi\sly8 #ae4 ,inde$ all ! really pretty girls t y see are ,am]icans4 #af4 ,:5 ,i op5$ ! goldf9*'s door on ! morn+ ( ! blackbird's arrival1 he paid no att5tion to 8 belov$ ba?1 b in/antly flew ov] & alight$ on ! cage ( ! newcom]4 #ag4 ,^! t5 c[s knew _! names aft] a :ile1 & w\ld take _! places z ,i call$ !m4 #ah4 ,oh6 b he 0 a tight-fi/$ h& at ! gr9d/one1 0 ,scrooge4 #ai4 ,o "t & *ange6 h[ /range x seems ,) s mu* gone to /ill live on6 ,,xxxii4 ,,n\ns3 ,,! ,,appositive #abd4 ,x is frequ5tly necess>y to expla9 "s t]m we use1 & !re is a conv5i5t way = do+ ?is )\t mak+ a new s5t5ce4 ,= in/ance1 an au?or writes1 8,"o ( ^! build+s belongs to ! ,horse ,gu>ds40 ,!n1 = fe> we may n "k :o ! ,horse ,gu>ds are1 he adds ^! explanatory words1 8a v f9e body ( ,engli% cavalry40 ,?is gr\p ( words consi/s ( ! n\n body us$ z a base ^w1 modifi$ by ! prepositional phrase ( ,engli% cavalry1 ! adjective elem5t v f9e1 & ! article a4 ,! :ole gr\p is plac$ beside ! t]m x expla9s1 & is sep>at$ f x by a comma4 ,su* a gr\p ( words is call$ an appositive1 & ! base ^w body is call$ a n\n 9 apposition4 #abe4 ,sometimes we expla9 :o a p]son is by us+ 8 "n2 z1 8,i he>d y\r fri5d1 ,john ,ri*>ds1 say t he 0 go+ to write to y40 ,sometimes ! "n ( a p]son or animal or place is us$ fir/1 & !n expla9$ by a gr\p ( words2 z1 8,akela1 ! great gray ,lone ,wolf1 lay out at full l5g? on 8 rock40 #abf4 ,! appositive & ! t]m x expla9s are 9 reality two names = ! same p]son or ?+4 ,y might ?9k t ei!r "o c\ld be call$ ! appositive1 b ?is is n s4 ,x is ! explanatory t]m t is ! appositive1 & ?is is ! second ( ! two t]ms4 #abg4 ,sometimes1 :5 !re is no dang] ( any misund]/&+1 ! appositive comes at a little di/ance f ! ^w x modifies2 z1 8,spl5did build+s meet our eyes at e turn1--*ur*es1 private resid5ces1 places ( bus9ess1 & public edifices40 ,c y acc\nt = ?is arrangem5t8 #abh4 ,sometimes an appositive has be5 us$ s long ) ! ^w x modifies t ! two h become unit$ into "o "n2 z1 ,pet] ! ,h]mit1 ,pet] ! ,great1 ,william ! ,conqu]or4 ,su* an appositive is n set (f by a comma4 ,,note4--,9 ! t]m ,pet] ! ,great1 ! adjective great has become a n\n1 & is modifi$ by ! adjective !4 #abi4 ,:5 own]%ip is to be d5ot$1 ! sign ( possession is add$ to ! appositive in/ead ( to ! t]m t x expla9s2 z1 8,! poet ,milton's daught]10 8,mr4 ,taft1 ! presid5t's1 c[10 8,my fri5d ,julia's husb&40 ,summ>y4--,an appositive is a ^w or a gr\p ( words plac$ aft] a t]m to expla9 x4 ,:5 ! base ^w ( an appositive is a n\n1 x is call$ a n\n 9 apposition4 ,! case ( a n\n 9 apposition is ! same z t ( ! n\n x expla9s4 ,an appositive is a modifi] ( a n\n or a pron\n4 ,an appositive is set (f f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by commas unless x makes "o t]m ) ! ^w x modifies4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! appositives 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & tell :at !y modify4 ,f9d ! n\ns 9 apposition4 ,tell ! case ( ea*1 giv+ ! reason 9 ea* in/ance4 ,analyze s5t5ces #a1 #b1 #c1 #e1 #f1 #h1 #i1 #aj1 #aa1 #af4 #a4 ,alfr$ ! ,great lov$ books & /rang]s & travel]s4 #b4 ,9 ! neate/1 s&ie/ hole ( all liv$ ,b5jam9's aunt & 8 c\s9s1--,flopsy1 ,mopsy1 ,cottontail1 & ,pet]4 #c4 ,! conv]sation turn$ to rheumatism1 a subject ( v remote int]e/ to ,polly4 #d4 ,my son ,william became a telegraph op]ator be=e he 0 sev5te54 #e4 ,james ,,ii1 ! bigot$ successor ( ,*>les ,i1 _h annull$ ! *>t]s ( all ! colonies4 #f4 ,! geography lesson t day 0 ! riv]s ( ,asia1--! ,obi1 ,y5isei1 ,l5a1 ,amoor1 ,hoang ,ho1 & ,yang-tse-kiang4 #g4 ,"s writ]s tell u t ,edw>d ! ,confessor _h made a w appo9t+ ,duke ,william 8 successor4 #h4 ,=emo/ among ! envi\s ones 0 ! ,pr9cess ,panka1 ! daught] ( a neighbor+ k+4 #i4 ,close to ,*>+ ,cross is ,trafalg> ,squ>e1 a f9e op5 space ) a f\nta91 & a column to ,"l ,nelson4 #aj4 ,! body ( ,w>wick ! k+mak] 0 expos$ = ?ree days on ! pavem5t ( ,/4 ,paul's1 & !n deposit$ among ! a%es ( 8 fa!rs 9 ! abbey ( ,bilsam4 #aa4 ,! pass 0 cr[n$ ) d5se1 d>k =e/1--deod>1 walnut1 wild *]ry1 wild olive1 & wild pe>4 #ab4 ,kaa1 ! big ,rock ,py?on1 _h *ang$ 8 sk9 = p]haps ! two hundr$? "t s9ce 8 bir?4 #ac4 ,eric ! ,r$1 a w&]+ ,norseman :o 0 dwell+ 9 ,icel&1 w5t to sea & discov]$ ,gre5l&4 #ad4 ,!re are s _m ?+s to di/ract a boy's att5tion1--a *ipmunk 9 ! f5ce1 a bird on a ne> tree1 & a h5hawk circl+ high 9 ! air ov] ! b>ny>d4 #ae4 ,v s\ndly x slept1 t doom$ h>e cr\*+ "u ! fir bu%6 #af4 ,!y _h nev] be5 acc\nt$ =1 ,rebecca's eyes4 ,,xxxiii4 ,,appositive ,,adjectives #acj4 ,adjectives are n always plac$ be=e ! n\n !y modify4 ,:5 !y are us$ z subjective complem5ts1 !y foll[ ! v]b1 al?\gh !y modify ! subject2 z1 8,life is real10 8,! air seems moi/40 ,we also f9d _m s5t5ces l ! foll[+1 8,! camel1 re/less & we>y1 groans & occasionally %[s 8 tee?40 ,"h x is evid5t t ! adjectives re/less & we>y are 9 ! s5t5ce to describe ! camel2 h5ce !y modify ! n\n camel2 b in/ead ( prec$+ ?is n\n1 !y foll[ x4 ,because ( _! position su* adjectives are call$ appositive adjectives4 #aca4 ,an appositive adjective is usually set (f by a comma or commas4 ,x is frequ5tly modifi$ by a phrase1 z 9 ! expressions1 8re/less "u 8 heavy load10 8we>y ) ! long j\rney40 ,summ>y4--,an adjective ) or )\t modifi]s may be us$ z an appositive4 ,an appositive adjective is usually set (f f ! re/ ( ! s5t5ce by a comma4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! appositive adjectives 9 ^! s5t5ces1 & tell :at !y modify4 ,give ! modifi]s ( ea* adjective4 ,acc\nt = ! punctuation4 ,analyze s5t5ces #b1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #aa1 #ab4 #a4 ,8 tunic1 sc>let 9 color1 is ( ! s(te/ wool5 fabric4 #b4 ,! skirt drops to ! knee 9 folds heavy ) embroid]y4 #c4 ,gr&fa!r ,nutt] 0 a hale1 *e]y old g5tleman1 z /raight & z bald z an arr[4 #d4 ,! p9k rose1 de> = its old associations1 0 transplant$ to a sunny place close by ! s\? door4 #e4 ,pres5tly ! ,colonel came 91 bluff1 w>m1 & he>ty4 #f4 ,f ! o!r w9d[ "o saw ! di/ant =e/1 s deep1 black1 & my/]i\s4 #g4 ,! ,april night1 s(tly *ill & full ( ! s5se ( ?aw1 0 clos+ d[n ov] ! wide salt m>%es6 #h4 ,pres5tly1 f f> along ! d>k heights ( ! sky1 came voices1 holl[1 musical1 confus$4 #i4 ,"h is a foot pass5g]1 du/y & tir$1 :o comes ) lagg+ /eps4 #aj4 ,!re is no nation kn[n to hi/ory 9 :i* all citiz5s1 male & female1 old & "y1 native & =eign born1 h _h ! suffrage4 #aa4 ,g+] hurri$ (f into ! d>kness1 wild ) excitem5t4 #ab4 ,! *ief eng9e] ent]$ ! smok+ room = a mom5t1 r$1 smil+1 & wet4 ,,xxxiv4 ,,indirect ,,object #acb4 ,we h se5 t ! direct object names ! receiv] ( ! action ass]t$ by ! v]b4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,kotuko made 8 dog a t9y h>ness10 ! direct object ( ! v]b made is a t9y h>ness1 = ?is gr\p ( words tells :at receiv$ ! mak+1 & answ]s ! "q made :at8 ,if we g fur!r & ask ! "q1 made a h>ness = :at8 ! answ] is1 8 dog4 ,?is gr\p ( words is call$ ! indirect object4 ,x names ! receiv] ( ! direct object2 t is1 ! dog receiv$ ! h>ness4 #acc4 ,an indirect object is always 9 ! objective case1 b x is n a complem5t ( ! v]b1 because x is n a necess>y elem5t ( a s5t5ce4 ,we call x a modifi] ( ! v]b4 ,! s5t5ce1 8,9 ! morn+ ! old wife gave ! pr9cess ?ree nuts10 w\ld be complete if we left out ! indirect object ! pr9cess1 & m]ely told :at ! old wife gave1 namely1 ?ree nuts4 ,notice t ! indirect object comes betwe5 ! v]b & ! direct object4 ,if we place x aft] ! direct object1 we mu/ supply ! preposition to or =1 & !n in/ead ( an indirect object we %all h a prepositional phrase4 ,summ>y4--,an indirect object is a ^w or a gr\p ( words t tells to :om or = :om1 to :at or = :at1 some?+ is done4 ,an indirect object names ! receiv] ( ! direct object4 ,an indirect object prec$es ! direct object4 ,an indirect object is a modifi] ( a v]b4 ,an indirect object is 9 ! objective case4 ,only a few transitive v]bs take bo? direct & indirect objects4 ,"s ( !m are br+1 buy1 d1 get1 give1 l5d1 make pass1 pay1 promise1 sell1 s5d1 %[1 take1 tell1 write4 ,ex]cise #a4--,write s5t5ces conta9+ bo? direct & indirect objects1 us+ v]bs 9 ! li/ above4 ,ex]cise #b4--,select bo? ! direct & ! indirect objects 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 giv+ reasons3-- #a4 ,c>ry y\r gr&mamma a cu/>d & a little pot ( butt]4 #b4 ,aladd9 made 8 "m v little reply4 #c4 ,i %[$ my comrades a l>ge heap ( /ones4 #d4 ,mrs4 ,h[e _h promis$ ! *ildr5 pres5ts1 s %e b\ght ,george a gun1 ,mollie two gold r+s1 & ,paul a *eck]bo>d4 #e4 ,i wi% ! ,"l w\ld give horses voices = j "o week4 #f4 ,br+ my "m six wom5 slaves to att5d h]4 #g4 ,if y (f] ,da% a bit ( %eep's wool n[1 he tucks 8 tail betwe5 8 legs1 & runs = home4 #h4 ,i nev] told my s*oolmates t ,i 0 a ,yankee4 #i4 ,i paid ,gypsy a visit e half h\r dur+ ! fir/ day ( my arrival4 #aj4 ,!n ! magician gave ,aladd9 a h&ful ( small money4 #aa4 ,fa!r ,&rew also taught ,tom a little ,lat94 #ab4 ,! sultan grant$ ,aladd9 8 reque/ & aga9 embrac$ him4 ,,xxxv4 ,,adv]bial ,,n\n ,,phrases #acd4 ,we h le>n$ t a frequ5t modifi] ( a v]b is a prepositional phrase tell+ ! place or "t ( an action2 z1 8,s (f we g 9 ! cool1 cle> morn+40 ,sometimes a n\n1 or a gr\p ( words ( :i* a n\n is ! base ^w1 takes ! place ( ?is prepositional phrase2 z1 8,la/ summ] ! apple trees bore no fruit40 ,! words la/ summ] tell "t1 & modify ! pr$icate bore no fruit1 b !re is no preposition 9 ?is gr\p ( words4 ,summ] is a n\n modifi$ by ! adjective la/4 ,su* a gr\p ( words we call an adv]bial n\n phrase4 ,! n\n us$ z base ^w we call an adv]bial n\n4 #ace4 ,an adv]bial n\n phrase tells n only "t & place1 b x (t5 answ]s su* que/ions z h[ f>8 h[ long8 h[ mu*8 z1 8,we walk$ ! :ole di/ance be=e sunset40 8,%e /ay$ 9 ,london t5 days40 8,"o orange weigh$ twelve ounces40 ,summ>y4--,an adv]bial n\n phrase is a gr\p ( words ( :i* a n\n is ! base ^w1 t tells ! "t or place ( an action1 or h[ long1 h[ f>1 or h[ mu*4 ,an adv]bial n\n phrase modifies a v]b4 ,an adv]bial n\n is always 9 ! objective case4 ,ex]cise4--,select ! adv]bial n\n phrases & ! n\ns us$ z base words4 ,tell :at ! phrases modify1 & :at que/ions !y answ]4 7,notice t ^! phrases (t5 modify m ( ! pr$icate ?an j ! v]b47 ,analyze s5t5ces #a1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #i1 #aj4 #a4 ,he foll[$ h] to s*ool "o day4 #b4 ,ea* boy :o fail$ to report himself 0 f9$ "o c5t4 #c4 ,elizabe? ,eliza w5t home directly4 #d4 ,morn+1 noon1 & night1 ,dame ,van ,w9kle's tongue 0 incessantly go+4 #e4 ,8 ke51 sonor\s1 passionate cry rang /rangely on ! night1 ?ree times4 #f4 ,! trail 0 an easy "o ?is "t4 #g4 ,!re ! wild plum ea* summ] fruit$ abundantly2 & !re a /urdy bro!rhood ( bee*es ea* autumn lavi%$ _! treasure ( ?ree-corn]$ nuts4 #h4 ,i work$ a :ole week to get ! traps prop]ly set out4 #i4 ,! next in/ant ! pan!r receiv$ a sm>t bl[ on ! top ( 8 head4 #aj4 ,kala ,nag1 ! elephant1 /ood t5 fair feet at ! %\ld]4 #aa4 ,ere ! c[ _h gone tw5ty-five y>ds1 ,lobo 0 ^u h]4 #ab4 ,! next morn+ ,mrs4 ,pet]k9 began by tak+ out ! ?+s t 7 already 9 h] trunk4 ,,xxxvi4 ,,adv]bial ,,n\n ,,phrases #acf4 ,:5 we wi% to tell h[ long1 or wide1 or deep1 or ?ick a ?+ is1 we frequ5tly make use ( su* /atem5ts z ^!3-- ,! valley is n9e miles long4 ,! /reet is sixty feet wide4 ,! wat] is t5 fa?oms deep4 ,! slices 7 an in* ?ick4 ,x is evid5t t 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce ! "q h[ long8 is answ]$ by ! words n9e miles4 ,h5ce ?is gr\p ( words modifies ! adjective long1 hav+ ! same use z ! adv]b v 91 8,! valley is v long40 ,b ! base ^w ( ?is gr\p is ! n\n miles1 h5ce ! :ole gr\p mu/ be an adv]bial n\n phrase4 ,we conclude f ?is famili> s5t5ce t an adv]bial n\n phrase may modify an adjective4 ,:at adv]bial n\n phrase modifies wide8 deep8 ?ick8 ,make s5t5ces 9 :i* an adv]bial n\n phrase modifies ! adjectives old1 tall1 high4 #acg4 ,! adv]bial n\n phrase may also modify an adv]b1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,%e came two h\rs aft]w>d10 :]e two h\rs answ]s ! "q h[ long aft]w>d8 ,h[ d we "k t aft]w>d is an adv]b8 ,,note4--,a common illu/ration ( ?is use is f\nd 9 ! famili> expression a %ort "t ago1 :]e ! adv]b ago 7:i* is nev] us$ by itself7 is modifi$ by ! adv]bial n\n phrase a %ort "t4 ,?9k ( five o!r n\n phrases (t5 us$ to modify ago4 ,summ>y4--,an adv]bial n\n phrase may modify an adjective or an adv]b4 ,9 su* a case x d5otes a measure ( "s sort4 ,ex]cise4--,select ! adv]bial n\ns & ! phrases ( :i* !y are ! base words4 ,tell :at ^! phrases modify1 & :at que/ions !y answ]4 #a4 ,ab\t an h\r lat] a big r$ fox came trott+ into ! glade4 #b4 ,:5 ! /one 0 pull$ up1 !re appe>$ a /aircase ab\t ?ree or f\r feet deep1 lead+ to a door4 #c4 ,! trail 0 p]haps an h\r old4 #d4 ,aft] view+ old ,=t ,snell+1 we walk$ a mile f>!r to ! p>ade gr\nd1 & wat*$ ! soldi]s drill4 #e4 ,an ord9>y wolf's =efoot is f\r & "o half in*es long4 #f4 ,lobo /ood ?ree feet high at ! %\ld]1 & weigh$ "o hundr$ & fifty p\nds4 #g4 ,if ! cr[s d n kill ! owl1 !y at lea/ worry him half to dea? & drive him tw5ty miles away4 #h4 ,x is a curi\s fact ab\t boys t two w be a great deal sl[] 9 do+ any?+ ?an "o4 #i4 ,:5 ! eagle return$ an h\r lat] to ! po9t ( %oals1 ! net look$ less /range to him4 #aj4 ,tw5ty-five ye>s ago ! ,am]ican m9i/] at ! c\rt ( ,tur9 0 conv]s+ ) a "y ,italian ( high rank f ! isl& ( ,s>d9ia4 #aa4 ,! l>ge/ aborig9al /ructure ( /one )9 ! limits ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates has a circuit ( #adhj feet1 is five /ories high1 & once includ$ five hundr$ sep>ate rooms4 #ab4 ,h[ _m ye>s did ,jacob s]ve = ,ra*el8 #ac4 ,! week be=e ! election "o ( ! c&idates = mayor spoke to an audi5ce ( labor+ m5 e ev5+4 #ad4 ,t day ,i left ! univ]sity1 & my trial took place a little :ile lat]4 #ae4 ,david reflect$ a few mom5ts long]4 ,,xxxvii4 ,,objective ,,complem5t #ach4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! boys call$ ! turtles ,h>ry ,blake's %eep10 ! v]b is foll[$ by two n\n elem5ts4 ,:at are !y8 ,! second elem5t is n an appositive ( ! fir/1 nei!r h we "h a direct & an indirect object4 ,prove ?is4 ,if we ask ! "q1 ,:at did ! boys call ,h>ry ,blake's %eep8 ! answ] is1 ! turtles2 h5ce ?is mu/ be ! direct object ( call$4 ,b ! s5t5ce is n complete "h4 ,we d n mean t ! boys call$ ! turtles1 t is1 summon$ !m4 ,we mean t !y nam$ ! turtles4 ,if we ask ! "q1 8,:at did ! boys call ! turtles80 ! answ] is1 8,h>ry ,blake's %eep40 ,?is gr\p ( words is necess>y z a second complem5t ( ! v]b1 & at ! same "t x tells :at ! turtles became z a result ( call+1 or nam+1 !m4 ,su* an elem5t is call$ an objective complem5t1 because x tells some?+ ab\t ! direct object4 ,! base ^w ( an objective complem5t is 9 ! objective case4 #aci4 ,n all transitive v]bs take an objective complem5t2 b only v]bs ( mak+ or caus+1 su* z make1 call1 "n1 elect1 appo9t1 *oose4 #adj4 ,sometimes ! objective complem5t has an adjective = its base ^w in/ead ( a n\n2 z1 8,! great wood-fire 9 ! til$ *imney place made our sitt+ room v *e]ful ( w9t] nights40 ,summ>y4--,an objective complem5t is a ^w or a gr\p ( words t helps to complete ! v]b1 & tells :at ! direct object becomes z a result ( ! action ass]t$ by ! v]b4 ,! base ^w ( an objective complem5t may be ei!r a n\n or an adjective4 ,ex]cise4--,f9d all ! objective complem5ts 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces & tell ab\t !m 9 ?is way3-- ,,model4--,b5 call$ ?is room 8 cab94 ,8 cab9 is a n\n elem5t us$ z objective complem5t ( ! v]b call$1 because x tells :at ! direct object1 ?is room1 becomes z a result ( ! call+4 ,! base ^w ( ?is objective complem5t is ! n\n cab94 #a4 ,8 blue be>d made him s ugly & s t]rible 9 appe>ance t wom5 & *ildr5 fl$ f him4 #b4 ,%e kept ! cottage always z neat z a new p94 #c4 ,by mu* trampl+ we _h made ! salt m>% a m]e quagmire4 #d4 ,?is "m1 pr\d ( h] k ( ,fr5*1 always call$ h] little daught] ,mademoiselle4 #e4 ,if ev] ,i h a boy to br+ up 9 ! way he %\ld g1 ,i %all make ,sunday a *e]ful day to him4 #f4 ,to ! great amusem5t ( my gr&fa!r1 ,sailor ,b5 pa9t$ ! cottage a light sky-blue4 #g4 ,!n1 in* by in*1 ! untemp]$ heat crept into ! he>t ( ! ,jungle1 turn+ x yell[1 br[n1 & at la/ black4 #h4 ,! fi% _h buri$ !mselves deep 9 ! dry mud4 #i4 ,! natives ( ,b]muda call ! tam>isk ! 8salt-c$>40 #aj4 ,nature meant him = a fronti]sman1 b circum/ances made him an innkeep]4 #aa4 ,! only way t !y c\ld set ! k+'s head /raight 0 to remove x4 #ab4 ,columbus re*ri/5$ ! isl& ,san ,salvador1 b its precise id5tity has always be5 a little d\btful4 #ac4 ,a p>rot w\ld %riek me wild 9 a week4 #ad4 ,sk9 *ang+ always makes a snake moody & depress$ till ! new sk9 beg9s to %9e & look beautiful4 #ae4 ,! giv] makes ! gift preci\s4 #af4 ,! s\nd ( a bell /ruck ! m]rymak]s dumb4 #ag4 ,:o appo9t$ y judge ( y\r bro!r8 #ah4 ,! dim light ( />s r5d]$ l>ge objects ne> at h& visible 9 bulk & outl9e4 #ai4 ,we call dome/ic animals dep5d5t creatures2 b :o made !m dep5d5t8 ,,xxxviii4 ,,p>s+ ,,( ,,n\ns #ada4 ,:5 we tell all t is true ab\t a n\n f a grammatical po9t ( view1 we are said to p>se x4 ,9 p>s+ a n\n we %\ld tell3-- 7#a7 ,its class1--common or prop]4 7#b7 ,its p]son1--fir/1 second1 or ?ird4 7,see ,note47 7#c7 ,its numb]1--s+ul> or plural4 7#d7 ,its g5d]1--mascul9e1 fem99e1 neut]1 or common4 7#e7 ,its case1--nom9ative1 possessive1 or objective4 7#f7 ,its use 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,,note4--,n\ns d n *ange _! =m = p]son4 ,s9ce !y are almo/ always ! names ( p]sons or ?+s spok5 (1 !y are usually 9 ! ?ird p]son4 ,a n\n is 9 ! fir/ p]son :5 x is us$ 9 apposition ) a pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son4 7,see p4 #ih47 ,a n\n is 9 ! second p]son 7#a7 :5 x is us$ 9 apposition ) a pron\n ( ! second p]son2 7#b7 :5 x is us$ z a t]m ( address4 ,ex]cise4--,p>se ea* n\n 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,all ! great m5 ( ! neighborhood 7 !re on horseback1--militia (fic]s 9 uni=m1 ! memb] ( ,congress1 ! %]iff ( ! c\nty1 ! editors ( newspap]s1 & _m a f>m]1 too1 _h m\nt$ 8 pati5t /e$ or come on foot4 #b4 ,next day ,m[gli himself fell into a v cunn+ leop>d trap4 #c4 ,! ,b]mudas are1 ) ! exception ( ,gibralt>1 ,engl&'s mo/ /rongly =tifi$ hold4 #d4 ,!n ,mrs4 ,h[e graci\sly %[$ ! admir+ ladies h] collection ( f9e lace & embroid]ies4 #e4 ,! ?\ghtful1 lonely ways ( _! admiral made ,columbus an object ( t]ror to 8 ignorant seam54 #f4 ,i ?\ght t no?+ 9 ! _w 0 s beautiful z ! sultan my fa!r's palace4 #g4 ,p]haps y\r fi% is eighte5 in*es long4 #h4 ,"h comes ! boat6 ,?is is y\r wat]pro(1 ,hetty4 ,be c>eful n[1 ,miss ,alice4 ,mrs4 ,blank1 y w ne$ y\r sun umbrella4 ,hold on a m9ute1 skipp]1 till ,i get t basket4 #i4 ,at n9e o'clock1 ,williams1 a bronze ,h]cules1 l[-voic$1 g5tle-mann]$1 a tru/y boatman1 & an en?usia/ 9 8 call+1 met u at ! dock4 #aj4 ,! savage /icks bright fea!rs 9 8 hair1 c>ries a tomahawk1 & we>s moccas9s ^u 8 nimble feet4 #aa4 ,"s ev5+s aft]w>d ! same ?+ happ5$ at ano!r corn] ( ! pa/ure4 #ab4 ,! innoc5t savages gave ,columbus a new _w = ,ca/ile & ,leon1 & he gave !m "s glass beads & little r$ caps4 #ac4 ,! sultan receiv$ ! pres5t f ,aladd9's "m's h&4 #ad4 ,! elephant 0 ?\ghtfully *ew+ ! gre5 /em ( a "y planta9 tree4 #ae4 ,9 ! good old days ! boys on ! coa/ ran away & became sailors4 #af4 ,i 0 a favorite ) ! cooks1 & s1 al?\gh !y d5i$ my c\s9s c]ta9 privileges ( ! kit*51 !y freely grant$ ^! to me4 #ag4 ,! ,norsem5 call$ gold 8! s]p5t's b$40 ,,summ>y ,,( ,,case ,,relations ,nom9ative4 7#a7 ,subject ( a v]b4 7#b7 ,t]m ( address4 7#c7 ,exclamatory n\n4 7#d7 ,subjective complem5t ( a v]b4 7#e7 ,appositive4 7#f7 ,nom9ative absolute 7see p4 #bcg74 ,possessive4 7#a7 ,modifi] ( a n\n4 ,objective4 7#a7 ,object ( a v]b4 7#b7 ,object ( a preposition4 7#c7 ,appositive4 7#d7 ,indirect object4 7#e7 ,adv]bial n\n4 7#f7 ,objective complem5t4 ,make an orig9al s5t5ce to illu/rate ea* ( ! case relations ( a n\n4 ,,xxxix4 ,,p]sonal ,,pron\ns #adb4 ,c]ta9 pron\ns1 z ,i1 y1 he1 x1 etc41 %[ by _! =m t !y ref] to ! p]son speak+1 ! p]son spok5 to1 or ! p]son or ?+ spok5 (4 ,! pron\n ,i d5otes ! p]son speak+1 & is said to be a pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son4 ,! pron\n y d5otes ! p]son spok5 to1 & is said to be a pron\n ( ! second p]son4 ,! pron\ns he1 %e1 & x d5ote ! p]son or ?+ spok5 (1 & are said to be pron\ns ( ! ?ird p]son4 ,su* pron\ns are call$ p]sonal pron\ns4 #adc4 ,! n\n t a pron\n /&s =1 :e!r x is express$ some:]e 9 ! s5t5ce or m]ely und]/ood1 is call$ ! antec$5t ( ! pron\n4 #add4 ,all ! p]sonal pron\ns h sev]al diff]5t =ms1 & if we wi% to speak our language correctly1 we mu/ "k ^! =ms & be c>eful 9 _! use4 ,! p]sonal pron\ns are decl9$ z foll[s3-- ,,fir/ ,,p]son ,,second ,,p]son ,s+ul> ,plural ,s+ul> ,plural ,nom4 ,i we y y ,poss4 my1 m9e our1 ours y\r1 y\rs y\r1 y\rs ,obj4 me u y y ,,?ird ,,p]son ,s+ul> ,plural ,,mascul9e ,,fem99e ,,neut] ,nom4 he %e x !y ,poss4 8 h]1 h]s its _!1 !irs ,obj4 him h] x !m #ade4 ,!re is ano!r p]sonal pron\n ( ! second p]son--?\4 ,x is n us$ 9 conv]sation n[adays1 b is frequ5tly f\nd 9 ! ,bible & 9 poetry4 ,x is decl9$ z foll[s3-- ,s+ul> ,plural ,nom4 ?\ ye ,poss4 ?y1 ?9e y\r1 y\rs ,obj4 !e y ,summ>y4--,a p]sonal pron\n is "o t %[s by its =m :e!r x d5otes ! p]son speak+1 ! p]son spok5 to1 or ! p]son or ?+ spok5 (4 ,! p]sonal pron\ns are ,i1 ?\1 y1 he1 %e1 x1 & _! v>i\s case =ms 9 ! two numb]s4 ,! antec$5t ( a pron\n is ! ^w = :i* x /&s4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! p]sonal pron\ns4 ,tell f ! =m ( ea* its p]son & numb]1 &1 if x is a pron\n ( ! ?ird p]son1 tell also its g5d]4 ,:]e x is possible1 tell ! antec$5t ( ! pron\n4 #a4 ,hide me 9 ! ov54 #b4 ,fir/ lay aside y\r black veil1 !n tell u :y y put x on4 #c4 ,:ile we 7 foll[+ ! direction ( 8 f+]1 a s\nd ( di/ant o>s fell on our e>s4 #d4 ,if y want a ?+1 & h no money to buy x1 g )\t x until y c pay = x4 #e4 ,?\gh ! ,jungle ,p dr9k seldom1 !y mu/ dr9k deep4 #f4 ,! :elps 7 evid5tly v "y1 b _! e>s 7 wide op51 & !y /ood up on /rong legs :5 ! boy t\*$ !m g5tly ) 8 palm4 #g4 8,well10 said gr&fa!r1 8,i tell y "o ?+2 ! game w la/ me till t poor cat gets well aga940 #h4 ,!y s5t him = troops only ! sweep+s ( ! galleys4 #i4 ,my driftwood fire w burn s bright6 ,to :at w>m %elt] can/ ?\ fly8 ,i d n fe> = !e1 ?\gh wro? ,! tempe/ ru%es ?r\gh ! sky4 #aj4 ,caught 9 a /eel trap1 %e _h gnaw$ (f h] own paw z ! price ( fre$om4 #aa4 ,at recess he gave me ! core ( 8 apple1 ?\gh !re 7 sev]al applicants = x4 ,,xl4 ,,uses ,,( ,,p]sonal ,,pron\ns #adf4 ,! p]sonal pron\n1 s9ce x takes ! place ( a n\n1 has almo/ all ! uses ( a n\n4 ,x may be1-- 7#a7 ,! subject ( a v]b2 z1 8,i only "k ,i _c drift beyond ,8 love & c>e40 ,! subject ( an imp]ative s5t5ce is always ! pron\n y1 ?\1 or ye1 b ?is pron\n is seldom express$2 z1 8,telegraph = /at]ooms at once40 7#b7 ,! base ^w ( a t]m ( address2 z1 8,ho1 ye :o suff]1 "k ye suff] = y\rselves40 7#c7 ,! subjective complem5t ( a v]b2 z1 8,?is man1 good ,ild]im1 is he :o told y ( me40 7#d7 ,! base ^w ( an appositive phrase2 z1 8,! f\r? lackey1 he ( ! two gold wat*es1 p\r$ ! *ocolate out40 7#e7 ,a possessive modifi]2 z1 8,all ! h>mless wood folk 7 8 fri5ds40 ,,note4--,! possessive pron\n is (t5 int5sifi$ by ! adjective own1 :i* modifies ! same n\n t ! possessive pron\n modifies2 z1 8,?is is my own1 my native l&40 7#f7 ,! direct object ( a v]b2 z1 8,! f>m boy spreads ! grass aft] ! m5 h cut x40 7#g7 ,! object ( a preposition2 z1 8,:at a new _w did t p>ty op5 to him60 7#h7 ,an indirect object2 z1 8,"h w ! cattle come to dr9k1 & ,i w kill me a ye>l+ heif]40 ,ex]cise4--,select & p>se all ! p]sonal pron\ns 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,9 p>s+ a p]sonal pron\n we %\ld tell its p]son1 numb]1 g5d]1 antec$5t1 case1 & use 9 ! s5t5ce4 #a4 ,i v]ily believe t my ill looks alone sav$ me a flogg+4 #b4 ,ta/e ! tam>isk1 & y get ! v flavor ( ! br9e4 #c4 ,!n ,i swung my lasso1 & s5t x :i/l+ ov] 8 head4 #d4 ,!y work$ toge!r1 read toge!r1 walk$ toge!r1 plann$ toge!r1 %e & h] daught]1 & 9 all ?+s 7 fri5ds & companions4 #e4 ,"m ,wolf w\ld ?r[ up h] head1 & sniff a deep snuff ( satisfaction z ! w9d br\ght h] ! smell ( ! tig] sk9 on ! ,c\ncil ,rock4 #f4 ,! old cr[ spread ! %ells out 9 ! sun1 turn$ !m ov]1 lift$ !m "o by "o 9 8 beak1 dropp$ !m1 ne/l$ on !m z ?\gh !y 7 eggs1 toy$ ) !m1 & gloat$ ov] !m l a mis]4 #g4 ,! spirits h spok5 to ,kotuko4 ,!y w %[ him op5 ice4 ,he w br+ u ! seal aga94 #h4 ,! rank swamp grass conceal$ ! ne/ :]e ,raggylug's "m _h hidd5 him4 #i4 ,across ! l[ly bea* we flit1 ,"o little s&pip] & ,i4 #aj4 ,up jump$ ,sc>face1 = x 0 he1 & ran4 #aa4 ,& a voice t 0 calm] ?an sil5ce said1 8,lo6 ,x is ,i4 ,be n afraid40 #ab4 ,ne>ly e cottage 9 ,engl& has its little g>d5 full ( bloom+ plants & %rubs4 #ac4 8,:o gives himself ) 8 alms fe$s ?ree1-- ,himself1 8 hung]+ neighbor1 & ,me40 #ad4 ,?is is he t 0 spok5 ( by ! prophet4 #ae4 ,arise1 & take ! "y *ild & 8 "m1 & flee into ,egypt1 & be ?\ !re until ,i br+ !e ^w4 #af4 ,i call$ my s]vant1 & he came2 ,h[ k9d x 0 ( him ,to m9d a sl5d] man l me1 ,he ( ! mighty limb4 #ag4 ,prep>e ye ! way ( ! ,"l1 make 8 pa?s /raight4 #ah4 ,x is s slipp]y & %9y d[n "h1 & ! /age is s mu* too big = me1 t ,i rattle r\nd 9 x till ,i'm almo/ black & blue4 #ai4 ,^! are !y :o h pass$ ?r\gh mu* tribulation4 #bj4 ,o ?\ t rolle/ above1 r\nd z ! %ield ( my fa!rs1 :5ce comes ?y ev]la/+ light8 #adg4 ,_m errors are made 9 ! =m ( p]sonal pron\ns4 7#a7 ,:5 a pron\n is us$ z ! subject ( a v]b1 x mu/ h ! nom9ative =m1 h5ce ! correct answ] to ! "q1 ,:o is !re8 is ,i 7n me74 7#b7 ,:5 sev]al pron\ns are us$ z ! subject ( ! same v]b1 ! pron\n ( ! second p]son %\ld come fir/1 & ! pron\n ( ! fir/ p]son %\ld come la/4 ,we %\ld say1-- ,y & he & ,i h be5 *os54 ,y & ,i 7 on "t4 ,he & ,i read ! book4 ,c y ju/ify ,:itti]'s l9es8 ,ah1 bro!r1 only ,i & ?\ ,are left ( all t circle n[4 7#c7 ,= ! subject ( a s5t5ce we may use ! expressions we boys1 we girls1 we ,am]icans1 etc4 ,we girls b\ght ! pictures4 ,we boys set up ! t5ts4 ,we ,bapti/s _h a *ur* supp]4 7#d7 ,a pron\n us$ z ! complem5t ( an intransitive v]b ( be+ mu/ h ! nom9ative =m4 ,we %\ld say1-- ,yes1 x 0 ,i4 ,no1 x 0 n %e4 ,p]haps x is he4 ,x is surely !y4 7#e7 ,a pron\n us$ z object ( a v]b mu/ h ! objective =m4 ,we %\ld say1-- ,mrs4 ,albee invit$ "m & me4 ,did y see ,julia & me 9 ! gall]y8 ,didn't y expect him & h]8 ,%e w nev] suspect y & me4 ,t team c't beat u boys4 7#f7 ,a pron\n us$ z object ( a preposition mu/ h ! objective =m4 ,we %\ld say1-- ,leo wrote fir/ to h] & me4 ,fa!r w call = y & me4 ,betwe5 y & me he 0 afraid4 ,!re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 ,c>rie & me4 ,!y c nev] cat* up ) u girls4 ,ex]cise4--,fill ea* blank 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces ) a pron\n hav+ ! correct case =m4 ,give y\r reasons4 #a4 ,"m says t x 0 ---- & n ---- t paid (f ! mortgage4 #b4 ,:o left ! room fir/8 ----1 b ,m>y 0 close beh9d ----4 #c4 ---- fell[s are go+ to h a debat+ society4 #d4 ,! ,g]man tea*] gave y & ---- ! same passage to translate4 #e4 ,!re mu/ be no secrets betwe5 ---- & ----4 #f4 ,:5 d y expect ,gr&mo!r & ----8 #g4 ,p]haps ---- girls are mo/ to blame4 #h4 ,nobody *ose ---- or ----1 s ---- & ---- sat on ! /airs & talk$4 ,,xli4 ,,uses ,,( ,,possessive ,,p]sonal ,,pron\ns #adh4 ,:5 we /udi$ ! decl5sion ( p]sonal pron\ns1 we le>n$ t all ( !m except x & he h two =ms 9 ! possessive case4 ,^! =ms are my1 m9e2 our1 ours2 ?y1 ?9e2 y\r1 y\rs2 h]1 h]s2 & _!1 !irs4 ,!re is a diff]5ce 9 ! use ( ^! two =ms4 ,! pron\ns ( ! fir/ =m1--my1 our1 ?y1 y\r1 h]1 & _!1 z well z 8 & its1 are us$ ) n\ns z possessive modifi]s4 ,we say1 my fa!r1 our s*ool1 h] hat1 its population1 etc4 #adi4 ,! pron\ns ( ! second =m1--m9e1 ours1 ?9e1 y\rs1 h]s1 !irs1 & also 81 are us$ alone1 t is1 !y are n foll[$ by a n\n1 ! "n ( ! ?+ possess$4 ,we say1 8,m9e is too heavy10 :5 ! object spok5 (--a wat]pro(1 = in/ance--is well kn[n by bo? speak] & li/5]4 ,or we say1 8,h] writ+ is cle>1 b ,i l 8 bett]10 :]e x is unnecess>y to repeat ! n\n writ+ aft] 84 ,9 ! fir/ s5t5ce m9e is ! subject ( ! v]b is1 & 9 ! second 8 is ! object ( ! v]b l4 ,we ev5 f9d ! possessive =m us$ z ! object ( a preposition2 z1 8,if ! book isn't 9 my desk1 x mu/ be 9 y\rs40 ,?is use ( ! possessive =ms m9e1 81 y\rs z subject or object is idiomatic2 t is1 x is peculi> to itself 9 grammatical con/ruction4 ,! "o ^w m9e really means my wat]pro(1 8 means 8 writ+1 & y\rs means y\r desk4 ,b we _c say t ! n\n is und]/ood aft] ^! pron\ns1 = we _c supply x except aft] 84 ,x is n ,engli% to say m9e wat]pro( or y\rs desk4 ,in/ead ( be+ und]/ood1 ! n\ns are includ$ 9 ! pron\ns4 ,9 speak+ ( su* pron\ns we may say t !y are possessive 9 =m1 b are us$ idiomatically z subject1 object1 etc4 ,,note4--,! two pron\ns m9e & ?9e are sometimes us$ to modify a n\n express$1 especially 9 poetry2 z1 8,m9e eyes h se5 ! glory ( ! com+ ( ! ,"l40 ,x is wor? not+ t !y are n us$ be=e words beg9n+ ) a consonant s\nd4 ,we d n say m9e c\ntry1 nor ?9e lib]ty4 #aej4 ,9 ! expression 8a fri5d ( m9e10 we h 9 ! phrase ( m9e a 8d\ble possessive0 7see #aai72 = ! preposition ( d5otes possession1 & s does ! object1 ! possessive pron\n m9e4 ,9 ?is use !re is no n\n includ$ 9 ! pron\n4 ,m9e does n mean my fri5ds4 ,x means me4 ,summ>y4--,! possessive pron\ns m9e1 ours1 ?9e1 y\rs1 h]s1 81 & !irs may be us$ idiomatically )\t a n\n to modify4 ,^! pron\ns h !n ! same use t ! n\n w\ld h if x 7 express$4 ,^! pron\ns may be us$ z ! object ( ! preposition ( to =m 8d\ble possessives40 ,m9e & ?9e are sometimes us$ to modify n\ns express$1 ! same z my & ?y4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! possessive pron\ns 9 ^! s5t5ces1 & tell _! use3-- #a4 ,y h no uncle by y\r fa!r's side or m9e4 #b4 ,to ?9e own self be true4 #c4 ,! p ( ,europe did n "k t ,am]ica1 ?is great c\ntry ( ours1 0 9 ! _w at all4 #d4 ,?is "y girl came to ,wiscons9 to live ) an uncle ( h]s :o _h sev5 sons & no daught]s4 #e4 ,e>ly 9 ! spr+ ,i _h begun ,b+o's education4 ,v %ortly aft]w>d he began m9e4 #f4 ,/&6 ,! gr\nd's y\r own1 my braves6 #g4 ,a boy :o liv$ 9 a /reet beh9d ours _h an awkw>d ?ree-:eel$ ma*9e t he call$ a 8v]losophy40 #h4 ,he w say1 8,o ,love1 ?9e eyes ,build ! %r9e my s\l abides 92 ,& ,i kneel "h = ?y grace40 #i4 ,! boy saw big1 clut*+ talons out/ret*$ f ?ick-fea!r$ legs1 :ile r\nd eyes1 fi]cely gleam+1 flam$ ^u 8 9 pass+1 z !y se>*$ ! bu%4 #aj4 ,"t ha? 8 "w to d1 & we h ours4 #aa4 ,! sultan ord]$ t ! pr9cess's att5dants %\ld come & c>ry ! trays into _! mi/ress's ap>tm5t4 #ab4 ,susie c\ld sew l a woman1 & h] pat*work quilts 7 ma/]pieces ( _! k9d4 ,nei!r m9e nor ,m>ty's 7 well made4 #ac4 ,y\r wor?y fa!r 0 my own bro!r4 #ad4 ,!re 0 m joy 9 ?is little br[n1 batt5$ h\se ( ours ?an 9 _! mansion ) its onyx mantels & mahogany doors4 ,are ! v]bs 9 s5t5ces #a1 #g1 #aj1 transitive or intransitive8 ,h[ d y "k8 ,acc\nt = ! punctuation ( s5t5ces #c1 #f1 #aj1 #ab1 & #ad4 ,,xlii4 ,,comp\nd ,,p]sonal ,,pron\ns #aea4 ,besides ! p]sonal pron\ns t h already be5 consid]$ !re are c]ta9 o!r =ms su* z myself & ourselves1 =m$ by unit+ ! n\n self to a s+ul> p]sonal pron\n1 & ! n\n selves to a plural p]sonal pron\n4 ,^! are call$ comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns4 ,fir/ p]son myself1 ourselves ,second p]son ?yself1 y\rself1 y\rselves ,?ird p]son himself1 h]self1 itself1 !mselves ,:at is ! numb] ( ea* ( ^! pron\ns8 #aeb4 ,comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns are nev] 9 ! possessive case4 ,!y nev] *ange _! =m = case1 b are 9 ! nom9ative or ! objective case accord+ to _! use4 ,!y h two ma9 uses3-- 7#a7 ,a comp\nd p]sonal pron\n may be us$ = emphasis1 & is !n 9 apposition ) ! n\n x makes emphatic2 z1 8,cs> himself refus$ ! cr[n40 ,! pron\n does n always come next to ! n\n4 ,we may say1 8,cs> refus$ ! cr[n himself40 ,! pron\n is 9 ! same case z ! ^w x goes )4 7#b7 ,x may be us$ reflexively1 t is1 to %[ t an action comes back to ! do] ( x2 z1 8,i scrat*$ myself ) a p940 ,"h ! pron\n is object ( a v]b1 h5ce 9 ! objective case4 ,x may also be ! object ( a preposition2 z1 8,i 0 talk+ to myself40 ,x may ev5 be an indirect object2 z1 8,%e b\ght h]self a wat*40 ,,note4--,! comp\nd p]sonal pron\n is us$ z object ( a preposition 9 "s famili> idiomatic expressions2 z1 8,he 0 beside himself ) joy40 8,%e 0 sitt+ all by h]self40 ,summ>y4--,! comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns are myself1 ourselves1 ?yself1 y\rself1 y\rselves1 himself1 h]self1 itself1 & !mselves4 ,!y are commonly us$ = two purposes3-- 7#a7 ,= emphasis1 7#b7 reflexively4 ,ex]cise4--,select & p>se all ! comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,tell _! p]son1 numb]1 case1 & use4 #a4 ,love ?yself la/4 #b4 ,! m5 folks1 hav+ work$ 9 ! regul> h\rs1 lie d[n & re/1 /ret* !mselves idly 9 ! %ade at noon1 or l\nge ab\t aft] supp]4 #c4 ,v /upid p are nev] aw>e ( _! /upidity !mselves4 #d4 ,on cold1 /ormy ev5+s we w\ld make ourselves toa/ at ! sitt+ room fire1 & eat our supp] on ! little sew+ table4 #e4 ,at ! m remote end ( ! isl& ,legr& _h built himself a small hut4 #f4 ,a ma/]ly retreat is 9 itself a victory4 #g4 ,n[ make y\rselves at home1 & if y f9d an eel's head1 y may br+ x to me4 #h4 ,! little fox gr\nd 8 pe>ly milk tee? into ! m\se ) a ru% ( inborn savag5ess t mu/ h surpris$ ev5 himself4 #i4 ,!y 7 return+ home = ! holidays 9 high glee1 & promis+ !mselves a _w ( enjoym5t4 #aj4 ,pity = 8 gallant horse1 rage & mortification at ! ridicul\s plight he 0 91 anxiety le/ he %\ld be late = ! t\rnam5t1 all comb9$ to make ! b>on = a "t beside himself4 #aa4 ,riv]m\? itself is full ( h9ts & flavors ( ! sea4 #ab4 ,i ?9k ! ugly duckl+ w gr[ up /rong1 & be able to take c>e ( himself4 #ac4 ,) :at awe1 yet ) :at pride1 did ,i look =w>d to ! day :5 ,i myself %\ld ent] ! doorway ( ! high s*ool4 #ad4 ,t ,i may h nobody to blame b myself %\ld my m>riage turn out amiss1 ,i w *oose = myself4 #ae4 ,al?\gh ! ,engli% & we ourselves bo? speak ! same tongue1 we d n speak x 9 ! same way4 #af4 ,heav5 helps ^? :o help !mselves4 ,analyze s5t5ces #a1 #c1 #d1 #f1 #i1 #aa4 ,,xliii4 ,,int]rogative ,,pron\ns #aec4 ,if we ask ! "q1 8,:o kill$ cock rob980 ! answ] may be ! decl>ative s5t5ce1 8,! sp>r[ kill$ cock rob940 ,! s5t5ces are alike1 except t 9 ! decl>ative s5t5ce ! sp>r[ is ! subject1 :ile 9 ! int]rogative s5t5ce :o is ! subject4 ,x is cle> !n t :o is us$ in/ead ( ! n\n sp>r[4 ,:o is !re=e a pron\n1 & s9ce x is us$ 9 ask+ a "q1 we call x an int]rogative pron\n4 #aed4 ,! o!r int]rogative pron\ns are ^:1 :om1 :i*1 & :at4 ,^: is ! possessive =m ( :o1 & is us$1 l o!r possessive pron\ns1 to modify "s n\n express$ or und]/ood2 z1 8,^: h\se is ! gray /one mansion on ! corn]80 ,:om is ! objective =m ( :o1 & is us$ z ! object ( a v]b or ( a preposition2 z1 8,:om did he m>ry80 8,to :om did y speak80 ,,note4--,9 conv]sation1 ! preposition gov]n+ an int]rogative pron\n is (t5 plac$ at ! end ( ! "q2 z1 8,:om did y come =80 #aee4 ,:at is us$ :5 we inquire = ! "n1 n ( a p]son b ( a ?+2 z1 8,:at did he h on 8 head80 #aef4 ,:i* is us$ :5 we wi% to "k ! p>ticul> "o ( sev]al p]sons or ?+s2 z1 8,:i* ( ^! moon-/ones d y l be/80 #aeg4 ,9 a s5t5ce l ?is1 8,:o is t tall man80 x may be difficult at fir/ ?\ght to decide :e!r :o is ! subject ( is or ! subjective complem5t4 ,we c always tell by ! answ]4 ,9 ?is case ! answ] is1 8,t tall man is ,joseph ,*oate40 ,x is cle> t ,joseph ,*oate is ! subjective complem5t1 h5ce 9 ! "q ! ^w :o1 :i* means ,joseph ,*oate1 is ! subjective complem5t4 ,summ>y4--,an int]rogative pron\n is "o us$ 9 ask+ a "q4 ,! int]rogative pron\ns are :o1 :i*1 & :at4 ,:o is decl9$3 ,nom9ative1 :o2 possessive1 ^:2 objective1 :om4 ,an int]rogative pron\n has ! same use 9 ! "q t ! ^w :i* takes its place has 9 ! answ]4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! int]rogative pron\ns 9 ^! s5t5ces4 ,tell ! use & case ( ea*4 ,det]m9e ?is by answ]+ ! "q t is ask$4 ,analyze s5t5ces #a1 #d1 #f1 #h1 #aj1 #aa1 #ab1 #ae4 #a4 ,:at made y s late8 #b4 ,:o is !re8 #c4 ,:o is ?is "y & h&some (fic] n[ ent]+ ! door ( ! tav]n8 #d4 ,^: "w is ?is crayon draw+ ( a ca/le 9 ! moonlight8 #e4 ,:at d y mean by tell+ me su* nons5se z t8 #f4 ,:at may s bold a hunt] kill8 #g4 ,:o %\ld "k bett] ?an ,i8 #h4 ,:at is all ?is talk ab\t ! ,r$ ,fl[]8 #i4 ,:at is g+]bread8 #aj4 ,^: is ?is image & sup]scription8 #aa4 ,) :om did y take t memorable trip on ,lake ,sup]ior8 #ab4 ,^: little girl are y1 ) y\r rosy *eeks & pretty r$ hood8 #ac4 ,:om did ! sup]9t5d5t mean :5 he ann\nc$ t ! y\nge/ pupil 9 ! gramm> s*ool _h made "o hundr$ 9 all h] exam9ations8 #ad4 ,:i* %\ld y r be1 an arti/ or a poet8 #ae4 ,:i* %all ,i take1 a new piano or a trip to ,cali=nia8 #aeh4 ,a common error 9 ! use ( int]rogative pron\ns is ! use ( ! nom9ative =m :o :5 ! objective :om is requir$4 ,?is error arises f ! fact t ! pron\n comes at ! beg9n+ ( ! s5t5ce1 & is sep>at$ by int]v5+ words f ! v]b or ! preposition ( :i* x is ! object1 z 9 ^! s5t5ces1-- ,:om did ! ball hit8 ,:om d y sit ) ?is t]m8 ,ex]cise4--,supply ! prop] pron\n1 :o or :om1 9 ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & give y\r reasons3-- #a4 ---- does ! baby look l8 #b4 ---- d ,i see 9 ! or*>d8 #c4 ---- did y g to ! /ation = ?is morn+8 #d4 ---- are y smil+ at1 ,george8 #e4 ---- does ,mr4 ,coburn "w = n[8 #f4 ---- w op5 ?is w9d[ = me8 #g4 ---- c we dep5d ^u8 #h4 ---- is t *ild play+ )8 #i4 ---- h y invit$ to y\r p>ty8 #aj4 ---- c keep a secret8 ,,xliv4 ,,descriptive ,,adjectives #aei4 ,we le>n$ 9 ,lesson ,,ix t adjectives are us$ 7#a7 to describe objects1 7#b7 to po9t !m out4 ,adjectives are !re=e divid$ into two classes1--7#a7 descriptive adjectives1 & 7#b7 limit+ adjectives4 #afj4 ,descriptive adjectives tell ! qualities ( objects4 ,!y are v useful words1 = !y enable u to see ?+s ) ! imag9ation4 ,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce ! well-*os5 adjectives make u feel t we are look+ into ! v eyes ( ! eagle1--8,8 eyes1 cle>1 direct1 unacqua9t$ ) fe>1 _h a c]ta9 h>dness 9 _! vitre\s brilliancy1 p]haps by reason ( ! %>p contra/ betwe5 ! bright gold iris & ! unfa?omable pupil40 ,x is also ?r\gh descriptive adjectives t we are able to id5tify ?+s :5 we d see !m4 ,aft] read+ ?is s5t5ce we c\ld pick out a moose calf f a score ( o!r animals1--8,! moose calf is unc\?1 to be sure1 ) 8 high1 hump$ =e %\ld]s1 8 long1 lugubri\s1 ov]hang+ sn\t1 8 big e>s set l[ on 8 big head1 8 little eyes cr[d$ back t[>d 8 e>s1 8 long1 big-knuckl$ legs1 & ! sp9dl+ lank dim9utiv5ess ( 8 h9d qu>t]s40 #afa4 ,"o v>iety ( descriptive adjective is ! adjective d]iv$ f a prop] n\n2 z1 ,scot* f ,scotl&1 ,fr5* f ,france1 & ,greek f ,greece4 ,^! are call$ prop] adjectives4 ,prop] adjectives include )9 !mselves _m o!r adjectives4 ,if we speak ( a ,scot* collie1 a ,fr5* co/ume1 or a ,grecian nose1 ! li/5] gets ! same picture t he w\ld get if we us$ a long s]ies ( o!r adjectives4 #afb4 ,_m prop] adjectives may be us$ z prop] n\ns1 nam+ a class ( p1 z :5 we speak ( ! ,scot*1 ! ,fr5*1 ! ,russians1 ! ,am]icans4 ,:at prop] n\n h we to "n ! inhabitants ( ,spa98 ( ,turkey8 ( ,d5m>k8 ( ,sw$58 ,:at prop] n\n h we to designate "o man :o is a native ( ,engl&8 ( ,scotl&8 ( ,france8 ( ,*9a8 ,italy8 ,g]many8 ,:at is ! plural ( ea* ( ^! n\ns8 ,ex]cise4--,supply ! correct ^w 9 ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,?ree 7,fr5* or ,fr5*m57 sp5t ! ev5+ at ! h\se4 #b4 ,! 7,fr5* or ,fr5*m57 are said to be v polite4 #c4 ,:y are s _m 7,scot* or ,scot*m57 capta9s ( /eam%ips8 #d4 ,are ! 7,iri% or ,iri%m57 z ?rifty z ! ,g]mans8 #e4 ,are !re _m 7,wel% or ,wel%m57 9 ?is locality8 ,summ>y4--,descriptive adjectives are ^? :i* tell ! qualities ( objects4 ,prop] adjectives are ^? d]iv$ f prop] n\ns4 ,!y always beg9 ) a capital lett]4 ,ex]cise #a4--,write a li/ ( ! prop] adjectives d]iv$ f ! foll[+ prop] n\ns4 ,use !m 9 s5t5ces to modify appropriate n\ns4 ,africa ,alaska ,asia ,*9a ,*ri/ ,d5m>k ,engl& ,g]many ,india ,irel& ,italy ,japan ,jew ,malta ,norway ,p>is ,portugal ,spa9 ,sw$5 ,turkey ,ex]cise #b4--;,9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces select all ! descriptive adjectives & tell :at objects !y describe4 ,9 s f> z y c1 tell :at qualities ! adjectives d5ote1 z color1 size1 =m1 texture1 surface1 mat]ial1 nature1 etc4 ,acc\nt = ! punctuation & capitalization4 #a4 ,all ! "t ! crocodile's little eyes burn$ l coals "u ! heavy1 horny eyelids on ! top ( 8 triangul> head1 z he %ov$ 8 bloat$ b>rel body along betwe5 8 crut*$ legs4 #b4 ,x is a little village ( great antiquity1 hav+ be5 f\nd$ by "s ( ! ,dut* coloni/s 9 ! e>ly times ( ! prov9ce4 #c4 ,! dog & 8 ma/] hunt$ toge!r1 fur-wrapp$ boy & savage1 long-hair$1 n>r[-ey$1 :ite-fang$1 yell[ brute4 #d4 ,we always smil$ to he> ! judge's wife talk ab\t h] ,turki% c>pets1 h] little ,*ipp5dale *airs1 h] ,w$gwood *9a1 & h] ,p]sian %awls4 #e4 ,?is cr[d$1 lively1 & int]e/+ ?or\ghf>e is ov] two miles long4 #f4 ,9 que] little *lets1 or ,swiss huts1 live ! p :o att5d to ! cattle1 & make butt] & *eese4 #g4 ,! split & wea!rworn rocks ( ! gorge _h be5 us$ s9ce ! beg9n+ ( ! ,jungle by ! ,little ,p ( ! ,rocks1--! busy1 furi\s1 black1 wild bees ( ,india4 #h4 ,at e /ride ! loose-hung1 wide-cleft1 spread+ ho(s ( ! moose came %>ply toge!r ) a flat1 clack+ noise4 #i4 ,out comes ! negro pilot1 & scrambles up on deck4 #aj4 ,yond] lies a ,norwegian %ip1 ) h] sailors climb+ ! %r\ds l s _m monkeys4 #aa4 ,m[gli's voice c\ld be he>d 9 all sorts ( wet1 />light$1 blossom+ places1 help+ ! big frogs ?r\gh _! *oruses1 or mock+ ! upside-d[n owls t hoot ?r\gh ! :ite nights4 ,,xlv4 ,,limit+ ,,adjectives #afc4 ,limit+ adjectives are ^? :i* m]ely po9t out an object )\t tell+ any quality ( x4 ,! mo/ useful limit+ adjectives are ?is1 t1 & _! plural =ms ^! & ^?4 ,^! f\r words are (t5 call$ demon/rative adjectives4 ,"s limit+ adjectives tell numb] or am\nt1 b 9 a some:at indef9ite way1 z all1 "s1 sev]al1 few1 mu*1 little1 m1 mo/4 ,"s tell numb] def9itely1 z "o1 two1 six hundr$1 ?ree million1 fir/1 second1 fiftie?4 ,numb] words1 l "o1 two1 ?ree1 f\r1 five1 etc41 are (t5 call$ num]al adjectives4 #afd4 ,! limit+ adjective en\gh may prec$e or foll[ ! n\n x modifies4 ,we may say en\gh butt] or butt] en\gh2 en\gh "t or "t en\gh4 ,! limit+ adjective else always foll[s ! n\n or pron\n t x modifies4 ,we say :o else1 nobody else1 ev]ybody else1 no?+ else4 #afe4 ,:5 ! int]rogative pron\ns :i* & :at are us$ to modify a n\n1 z 9 :i* picture8 :at city8 !y cease to be pron\ns1 & become limit+ adjectives4 ,s9ce !y are us$ to ask que/ions1 we call !m int]rogative adjectives4 ,,note4--,:i* & :at1 :5 us$ z adjectives1 are sometimes call$ pronom9al adjectives4 #aff4 ,?ree v common words1 a1 an1 & !1 are class$ ) limit+ adjectives4 ,!y are call$ articles4 ,! is a def9ite article2 an & a are ! indef9ite article4 ,a is really ! same ^w z an1 b :5 x is us$ be=e a ^w beg9n+ ) a consonant s\nd1 z bicycle1 ! n is dropp$ = ! sake ( a m pleas+ s\nd4 #afg4 ,we use ! :5 we wi% to specify a p>ticul> object1 & an or a :5 we d n c>e to be specific4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! s5t5ces8 ,! man on horseback came to ! turn 9 ! road4 ,a man on horseback came to a turn 9 ! road4 #afh4 ,we use ! be=e a s+ul> n\n to designate a :ole class ( objects2 z1 8,! oak is a /urdy tree10 8,! c[ is a dome/ic animal40 #afi4 ,we repeat ! article :5 we wi% to d5ote m ?an "o p]son or ?+4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! pairs ( s5t5ces8 7a7 ,! secret>y & treasur] came late4 7b7 ,! secret>y & ! treasur] came toge!r4 7a7 ,i saw a r$ & gre5 signal4 7b7 ,i saw a r$ & a gre5 signal4 #agj4 ,we use an or a aft] ! adjectives _m & su* in/ead ( be=e !m2 z1 _m a man1 su* a /orm4 #aga4 ,! s5t5ce1 8,i h few books10 means ,i h few comp>$ ) _m2 b ! s5t5ce1 8,i h a few books10 means ,i h a few comp>$ ) none4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce 9 mean+ betwe5 ^! s5t5ces8 ,i h little "t = sew+4 ,i h a little "t = sew+4 ,summ>y4--,limit+ adjectives are ^? :i* m]ely po9t out4 ,limit+ adjectives t d5ote a def9ite numb] are call$ num]als4 ,:i* & :at may be us$ z int]rogative adjectives4 ,! articles are !1 an1 & a4 ,! is a def9ite article4 ,an & a are indef9ite articles4 ,ex]cise #a4--,select all ! limit+ adjectives1 includ+ articles1 & tell :at !y modify4 ,give reasons = ! articles us$4 #a4 ,:at bus9ess br+s y "h8 #b4 ,9 t same village1 & 9 "o ( ^! v h\ses1 !re liv$1 _m ye>s s9ce1 a simple1 good-natur$ fell[ ( ! "n ( ,rip ,van ,w9kle4 #c4 ,e *ange ( season1 e *ange ( wea!r1 inde$1 e h\r ( ! day1 produces "s *ange 9 ! magical hues & %apes ( ^! m\nta9s4 #d4 ,:i* fan did y\r "m c>ry :5 %e 0 a "y lady 9 ,ma9e8 #e4 ,lobo _h only five foll[]s dur+ ! latt] "p ( 8 reign4 #f4 ,:at excuse %all ,i make to ,dame ,van ,w9kle8 #g4 ,! dog manag$ s t ea* fre% ru% %\ld be t[>d ! settlem5t4 #h4 ,no wild animal dies ( old age4 #i4 ,:i* "p 9 ! play ( ,julius ,cs> did ,edw9 ,boo? take8 #aj4 ,:5 ?is dog ( m>vel\s w9d saw t ! wolf 0 dead1 he gave him no second glance4 #aa4 ,aft] mu* pa9s on my behalf & _m pa9s on 81 ,b+o le>n$ to g at ! ^w 9 que/ ( our old yell[ c[4 #ab4 ,i only ask a hut ( /one1 ,a v pla9 br[n /one w d1 ,t ,i may call my own2 ,& close at h& is su* a "o ,9 yond] /reet t fronts ! sun4 #ac4 ,no o!r liv+ ?+ c g s sl[ z a boy s5t on an err&4 #ad4 ,:at c\rage c )/& ! ev]-dur+ & all-besett+ t]rors ( a woman's tongue8 ,ex]cise #b4--;,classify ! words :i* & :at 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces z int]rogative pron\ns or int]rogative adjectives4 ,:]e !y are pron\ns1 tell _! case4 ,:]e !y are adjectives1 tell :at !y modify4 #a4 ,:at h y 9 y\r basket8 #b4 ,:at mann] ( man is ?is8 #c4 ,:i* ( ^! pictures did y pa9t8 #d4 ,:i* is x1 a toad/ool or a mu%room8 #e4 ,:i* city has ! l>g] population8 #f4 ,:i* boy ?rew ! /one8 #g4 ,:at /one did he ?r[8 #h4 ,:at did ! man come =8 #i4 ,:at d y want8 #aj4 ,:i* w y take8 ,,xlvi4 ,,comp>ison ,,( ,,adjectives #agb4 ,s9ce diff]5t objects may possess ! same quality 9 diff]5t degrees1 !re mu/ be "s means ( tell+ ?is4 ,we d x by *ang+ ! =m ( adjectives4 ,= in/ance1 wool1 sn[1 & fea!rs h ! same quality ( s(tness1 b n 9 ! same degree1 s we say t wool is s(t1 sn[ is s(t]1 & fea!rs are s(te/4 ,?is *ange 9 ! adjective s(t to d5ote ! degree ( s(tness is call$ comp>ison4 #agc4 ,comp>ison is a prop]ty ( adjectives4 ,!re are ?ree degrees ( comp>ison1--! positive1 ! comp>ative1 & ! sup]lative4 ,! positive degree d5otes ! simple quality1 ! comp>ative degree d5otes m or less ( ?is quality1 & ! sup]lative d5otes mo/ or lea/ ( ?is quality4 ,:5 we give ! ?ree =ms ( an adjective1 we are said to comp>e x4 ,we comp>e bold by say+3 positive1 bold2 comp>ative1 bold]2 sup]lative1 bolde/2 or positive1 bold2 comp>ative1 less bold2 sup]lative1 lea/ bold4 #agd4 ,comp>ison is d5ot$ 9 ?ree ways3-- 7#a7 ,by add+ ! suffixes er & e/4 ,^! are add$ to adjectives ( "o syllable1 & to a few ( two syllables2 z1 f9e1 f9]1 f9e/2 lovely1 loveli]1 lovelie/4 7#b7 ,by prefix+ ! adv]bs m & mo/4 ,?is me?od is us$ 9 comp>+ long] adjectives2 z1 spaci\s1 m spaci\s1 mo/ spaci\s2 disagreeable1 m disagreeable1 mo/ disagreeable4 7#c7 ,by prefix+ ! adv]bs less & lea/2 z1 r\gh1 less r\gh1 lea/ r\gh2 elegant2 less elegant1 lea/ elegant4 ,?is is a mode ( comp>+ adjectives on a desc5d+ scale in/ead ( an asc5d+ scale4 #age4 ,"s adjectives _c be comp>$ at all2 z1 asleep1 dead1 correct1 r\nd1 squ>e1 pr9cipal4 ,in/ead ( say+ r\nd]1 we may say m ne>ly r\nd4 #agf4 ,"s adjectives are comp>$ irregul>ly4 ,! foll[+ are examples3-- ,,positive ,,comp>ative ,,sup]lative good bett] be/ ill worse wor/ bad worse wor/ _m m mo/ mu* m mo/ little less lea/ f> f>!r or fur!r f>!/ or fur!/ ,summ>y4--,comp>ison 9 an adjective is a *ange ( =m to express quality or quantity 9 diff]5t degrees4 ,!re are ?ree degrees ( comp>ison1--positive1 comp>ative1 & sup]lative4 ,%ort adjectives are comp>$ by add+ ! suffixes er & e/4 ,long] adjectives are comp>$ by prefix+ m & mo/4 ,_m adjectives may be comp>$ on a desc5d+ scale by prefix+ less & lea/4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! adjectives1 & tell ! k9d & ! degree ( ea*4 ,comp>e ea* adjective4 ,if any _c be comp>$1 /ate t fact4 #a4 ,!re 0 no?+ 9 ^! woods bigg] ?an a weasel4 #b4 ,! way l$ ?r\gh ! deepe/ & mo/ p]il\s "p ( ! swamp4 #c4 ,?is bro!r 0 y\ng] & h&som]1 & mu* m amiable ?an ,william4 #d4 ,z %e grew old]1 %e became less exact+ & m tol]ant1 less c]ta9 & m hopeful1 less vigor\s 9 body1 b g5tl] 9 mann] & sweet] 9 _s4 #e4 ,! ,hotel de ,cluny is "o ( ! qua9te/1 que]e/1 pleasante/1 & mo/ homelike places we are likely to meet )4 #f4 ,! o!r captive 0 ( a m re/less temp]am5t1 sl5d]] 9 build1 m eag] & al]t ( eye1 less companionable ( mood4 #g4 ,lea/ vague ( all 0 ! t]ror ( ! usually unt]rifi$ weasel4 #h4 ,^? m5 are mo/ apt to be obsequi\s & conciliat+ abroad1 :o are "u ! discipl9e ( %rews at home4 #i4 ,at ! lea/ fl\ri% ( a broom/ick or a ladle1 ,wolf w\ld fly to ! door ) yelp+ precipitation4 #aj4 ,! lynx 0 small] ?an h] mate1 some:at br[n] 9 hue1 lean]1 & ( a peculi>ly malignant expression4 #aa4 ,! wom5 ( ! village us$ to employ ,rip to d su* little odd jobs z _! less oblig+ husb&s w\ld n d = !m4 #ab4 ,! s++ ma/]'s hair 0 a little long]1 8 h&s 7 a little :it]1 8 %oes a little ?9n]1 8 mann] a trifle m poli%$ ?an t ( 8 sob]] mates4 ,tell ! use ( adjectives 9 s5t5ces #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #g1 #ab4 #agg4 ,sometimes errors are made 9 ! use ( adjectives4 ,! comp>ative degree %\ld be us$ 9 comp>+ two objects1 ! sup]lative 9 comp>+ m ?an two4 ,if only two roads are op5 to u1 we ought to say t we %all take ! %ort]4 ,ex]cise4--,select ! prop] adjective = ea* ( ^! s5t5ces1 & give y\r reasons3-- #a4 ,:i* w\ld be ! 7*eape/ or *eap]7 r\te--by wat] or by rail8 #b4 ,pr9ce is ! 7swift] or swifte/7 horse1 b ,pete is ! 7/rong] or /ronge/74 #c4 ,:i* is ! 7high] or highe/7--! ,eiffel ,t[] or ! ,wa%+ton ,monum5t8 #d4 ,( ! two lead+ c&idates1 ,wilson & ,h>mon1 :i* is 7m likely or mo/ likely7 to be nom9at$8 ,sometimes an ill-*os5 adjective is us$ aft] ! v]b feel4 ,! s5t5ce1 8,i feel good10 is correct only :5 x means 8,i feel righte\s10 :ile 8,i feel well10 means 8,i am 9 good heal?40 ,9 ?is s5t5ce well is an adjective mean+ ! opposite ( sick4 ,,note4--,we also h ! adv]b well1 d5ot+ mann]1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,la,follette spoke well40 ,! s5t5ce1 8,rufus looks good10 is correct :5 we mean t ,rufus looks z if he 7 a good man2 b we %\ld say1 8,rufus looks well 7n good7 9 gray40 ,"h well is an adjective mean+ pleas+ or acceptable4 ,! limit+ adjectives ?is & ^! %\ld n be foll[$ by ! ^w "h4 ,we po9t out suffici5tly :5 we say ?is book1 ^! books4 ,! p]sonal pron\n !m %\ld nev] be us$ = ! limit+ adjective ^?4 ,we %\ld say ^? horses1 ^? wagons1 ^? t5ts4 ,if we modify a n\n by ! limit+ adjective ea*1 e1 ei!r1 nei!r1 or no1 we mu/ use a s+ul> pron\n to repres5t t n\n2 z1-- ,ea* man took 8 appo9t$ place4 ,e girl made h] own co/ume4 ,nei!r man lo/ 8 job4 ,ex]cise4--,supply ! correct pron\n 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces3-- ,,note4--,! mascul9e pron\n %\ld be us$ :5 !re is no ^w 9 ! s5t5ce t indicates :e!r ! male or ! female sex is ref]r$ to4 #a4 ,ev]ybody came & br\ght ---- appetite4 #b4 ,ea* lady contribut$ :atev] ---- *ose4 #c4 ,no "y p]son c af=d to wa/e ---- "t4 #d4 ,nei!r doctor w give ---- assi/ance4 #e4 ,no day is )\t ---- disappo9tm5ts4 #f4 ,if ei!r man calls1 tell ---- t ,i am busy4 #g4 ,e girl 9 ! class said t ---- did n und]/& ! lesson4 #h4 ,e boy wi%es t ---- might be presid5t4 #i4 ,no soldi] ackn[l$g$ t ---- 0 afraid4 #aj4 ,nei!r *air is 9 ---- place4 ,,xlvii4 ,,review ,,( ,,adjectives #agh4 ,9 our /udy ( adjectives 9 ,lessons ,,ix1 ,,xxvi1 ,,xxxiii1 ,,xxxvii1 ,,xliv1 ,,xlv1 & ,,xlvi we h le>n$ t adjectives may be classifi$ z limit+ adjectives & descriptive adjectives2 t :i* & :at are int]rogative adjectives2 t adjectives h ! prop]ty ( comp>ison2 & t adjectives may be us$ 9 f\r diff]5t ways3 7#a7 be=e a n\n to modify t n\n2 7#b7 aft] a n\n z an appositive modifi]2 7#c7 z a subjective complem5t ( c]ta9 intransitive v]bs1 & 7#d7 z ! objective complem5t ( c]ta9 transitive v]bs4 ,ex]cise4--,make an outl9e ( ! subject1 ,adjectives1 to recite f 9 class4 ,illu/rate ea* po9t y make ) a good s5t5ce ( y\r own composition4 #agi4 ,:5 we p>se an adjective1 we %\ld tell3-- 7#a7 ,its class1--descriptive1 limit+1 or int]rogative4 7#b7 ,its degree 7if x admits ( comp>ison74 7#c7 ,its use1 & :at x modifies4 ,ex]cise4--,p>se ea* adjective 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,! puppy grew bigg] & clumsi] ea* day4 ,8 mo/ fri5dly ov]tures to ! cat 7 :olly misund]/ood4 #b4 ,p>is is an imm5se city1 full ( broad & h&some /reets1 magnific5t build+s1 gr& op5 places ) f\nta9s & /atues1 great public g>d5s & p>ks free to ev]ybody4 #c4 ,8 gray eyes1 cle> & k9d1 fla%$ l fire :5 he spoke ( 8 adv5tures4 #d4 ,:i* picture %all we hang betwe5 ^! two front w9d[s--! little ,nydia or ?is pretty l&scape8 #e4 ,x 0 cle> t ! :elps ( la/ spr+ _h betak5 !mselves to o!r & saf] hunt+ gr\nds4 #f4 ,= a mom5t ! boy felt afraid--afraid 9 8 own woods4 #g4 ,bel[ u lies a lake1 cle> & cold1 :]eon fairies might laun* _! airy %allops4 #h4 ,jo ,calone ?rew d[n 8 saddle on ! du/y gr\nd1 & turn$ 8 horses loose4 #i4 ,:at fun ! rabbits mu/ h be5 hav+6 #aj4 ,! full moon ( ,octob]1 deep orange 9 a cle>1 deep sky1 hung l>ge & some:at di/ort$ j ov] ! wood$ hills4 #aa4 ,= a long "t pa9 & hung] kept me awake4 #ab4 ,h[ sweet & demure ^? girls look$6 #ac4 ,d y suppose t any old ,roman ev] _h tw5ty-f\r diff]5t k9ds ( pie at "o d9n]8 #ad4 ,!re 0 some?+ 9 _! cries t s\nd$ /rangely wild & fi]ce4 #ae4 ,! c>d9al bird drew h]self up v /raight1 rais$ h] cre/1 & op5$ h] big beak4 #af4 ,:at h>m c a nak$ frog d u8 #ag4 ,l& 9 ,london is s valuable t a s+le acre ( x has be5 sold = f\r & a half million doll>s4 #ah4 ,! old s]vant made our lives mis]able by h] cantank]\s ways4 ,,xlviii4 ,,adjective ,,pron\ns #ahj4 ,:5 we say1 8,?is r+ 0 my "m's10 we use ! ^w ?is z an adjective modify+ ! n\n r+4 ,:5 we say1 8,?is 0 my "m's r+10 we use ! "o ^w ?is 9 place ( ?is r+ z subject ( ! s5t5ce1 h5ce ?is is no long] an adjective1 b has become a pron\n4 ,s9ce its ord9>y use is t ( an adjective1 we call x an adjective pron\n4 ,_m limit+ adjectives may be us$ z pron\ns4 ,we (t5 make su* s5t5ces z ^!3-- ,few %all "p :]e _m meet4 ,if honor is lo/1 !n all is lo/4 ,:5 two or ?ree are ga!r$ toge!r 9 ,?y "n1 ,?\ wilt grant _! reque/s4 #aha4 ,! commone/ adjective pron\ns are all1 any1 ea*1 ei!r1 few1 fir/1 =m]1 la/1 little1 _m1 m1 mo/1 mu*1 nei!r1 "o1 o!r1 sev]al1 "s1 ?is1 t1 ^!1 ^?4 ,make s5t5ces conta9+ five ( ^! adjective pron\ns4 #ahb4 ,two adjective pron\ns1 "o & o!r1 may be decl9$4 ,s+ul> ,plural ,s+ul> ,plural ,nom4 "o ones o!r o!rs ,poss4 "o's ones' o!r's o!rs' ,obj4 "o ones o!r o!rs ,s5t5ces l ^! are common3-- ,"o sometimes tires ( "o's occupation4 ,ea* envi$ ! o!r's good =tune4 ,! two adjective pron\ns1 "o & o!r1 may be modifi$ by adjectives2 z1 8,_m o!rs came10 8,! gre5 ones are ! prettie/40 ,ea* o!r & "o ano!r1 ?\gh consi/+ ( two words1 may be consid]$ z "o adjective pron\n4 #ahc4 ,"s adjective pron\ns may be modifi$ by articles4 ,we say1 8,! la/ is ! be/ ( all ! game10 8,i l gooseb]ries1 s ,i pick$ a few40 ,summ>y4--,an adjective pron\n is a limit+ adjective us$ 9 place ( a n\n4 ,! adjective pron\ns "o & o!r may be decl9$4 ,"s adjective pron\ns may be modifi$ by adjectives4 ,ex]cise4--,select ! adjective pron\ns 9 ^! s5t5ces4 ,tell ! use & case ( ea*4 ,tell ! n\n t ea* pron\n /&s =4 ,supply ?is n\n :]e y c4 ,:at "p ( spee* does ! adjective pron\n become !n8 #a4 ,?is is ! /ory ( a bad boy4 #b4 ,_m ( ! protozoa are v beautiful4 ,"s build %ells = !mselves ( /range & curi\s %apes4 #c4 ,! ham turn$ out to be a v rem>kable "o4 #d4 ,!re is a va/ diff]5ce betwe5 ! /yles ( #ahfj & #aijj4 ,! =m] favor$ ,paisley %awls & fl\nc$ skirts1 ! latt] sanction$ ! tailor-made suit & ! %irt wai/4 #e4 ,a little made u v happy once4 #f4 ,f "t to "t "o or ano!r ( ! leap+ rabbits w\ld take himself (f ?r\gh ! fir trees1 :ile o!rs cont9u$ to arrive along ! moonlight trails4 #g4 ,all is ( ,god t is or is to be4 #h4 ,a bluejay & a r$ squirrel 7 l\dly b]at+ ea* o!r = /eal+4 #i4 ,! conv5i5ce ( re/+ "o's self 9 ! op5 air is "o ( ! com=ts ( ,p>is4 #aj4 ,ea* ( ^! 0 a wolf ( r5[n2 mo/ ( !m 7 above ! ord9>y size2 "o 9 p>ticul>1 ! second 9 comm&1 0 a v]itable giant4 ,sev]al ( ! b& 7 especially not$4 ,"o ( !m 0 a beautiful :ite wolf1 t ! ,mexicans call$ ,blanca2 ?is 0 suppos$ to be a female1 possibly ,lobo's mate4 ,ano!r 0 a yell[ wolf ( rem>kable swiftness4 #aa4 ,x is n easy to *ange "o's life all 9 a m9ute4 #ab4 ,x is a bless$ fact t "o's own home is ! hub ( ! univ]se4 #ac4 ,e "o said t ,i 0 a tomboy4 #ad4 ,"s wore %ort d\blets1 o!rs j]k9s1 ) long knives 9 _! belts1 & mo/ ( !m _h enorm\s bree*es ( simil> /yle ) t ( ! guide's4 #ae4 ,! ye>s hurry onw>d1 tread+ 9 _! ha/e on "o ano!r's heels4 ,:at n\n is und]/ood aft] guide's 9 s5t5ce #ad8 ,,xlix4 ,,v]bs3 ,,t5se #ahd4 ,?ree v common words are ye/]day1 to-day1 & to-morr[4 ,! ^w ye/]day ref]s to "t t has gone1 or pa/ "t2 to-day ref]s to "t t n[ is1 or pres5t "t2 & to-morr[ ref]s to "t t is to come1 or future "t4 #ahe4 ,e ev5t takes place 9 "t1 & s :5 we tell ( ! occurr5ce ( any ev5t1 we mu/ h "s way ( mak+ cle> :e!r t ev5t took place 9 ! pa/1 or is tak+ place 9 ! pres5t1 or w take place 9 ! future4 ,( c\rse1 we might tell ?is by adv]bs or adv]bial phrases1 b we h a v mu* bett] way1--we tell x by ! =m ( ! v]b we use4 ,:at "t d we ?9k ( :5 we see ! v]bs eats1 works1 plays1 sleeps8 ,:at "t is told by ! v]bs ate1 work$1 play$1 slept8 ,:at *ange is made 9 ! =m ( ! two sets ( v]bs8 ,:at "t is told by ! v]bs w eat1 w "w1 w play1 w sleep8 #ahf4 ,9 ! la/ gr\p ( v]bs1 :]e ea* v]b consi/s ( two words1 x is ! fir/ ^w w t d5otes future "t4 ,su* a ^w is call$ a help+ ^w1 or auxili>y v]b4 #ahg4 ,! *ange 9 ! =m ( a v]b to d5ote "t is call$ t5se4 #ahh4 ,t5se is a prop]ty ( all v]bs4 ,x is evid5t t !re mu/ be ?ree t5ses1--pres5t1 pa/1 & future1 z %[n 9 ! ?ree sets ( v]bs t h j be5 exam9$4 ,^! are call$ prim>y t5ses4 ,!re are ?ree o!r t5ses1 call$ second>y t5ses4 ,we may say1 8,i h eat5 my supp]10 8,i _h eat5 my supp]10 8,i %all h eat5 my supp]40 ,^! v]bs call att5tion n s mu* to ! "t ( ! action z to ! fact t x is complet$1 or p]fect$4 ,h eat5 means t a pa/ action is complet$ at ! pres5t "t4 ,?is =m is call$ ! pres5t p]fect t5se4 ,_h eat5 means t a pa/ action 0 complet$ be=e "s p>ticul> pa/ "t4 ,?is =m is call$ ! pa/ p]fect t5se4 ,%all h eat5 means t an action w be complet$ be=e "s def9ite future "t4 ,?is is call$ ! future p]fect t5se4 ,summ>y4--,t5se is t prop]ty ( a v]b :i* d5otes ! "t ( an action or an ev5t4 ,!re are six t5ses3-- 7#a7 ,! pres5t t5se d5otes t an action is tak+ place4 ,x usually consi/s ( "o ^w1 ! simple/ =m ( ! v]b4 7#b7 ,! pa/ t5se d5otes t an action did take place4 ,x usually consi/s ( "o ^w4 7#c7 ,! future t5se d5otes t an action w take place4 ,x consi/s ( two words1 "o ( :i* is ! auxili>y %all or w4 7#d7 ,! pres5t p]fect t5se d5otes t a pa/ action is n[ complet$4 ,x consi/s ( two words1 "o ( :i* is ! auxili>y h or has4 7#e7 ,! pa/ p]fect t5se d5otes t a pa/ action 0 complet$ be=e a p>ticul> pa/ "t4 ,x consi/s ( two words1 "o ( :i* is ! auxili>y _h4 7#f7 ,! future p]fect t5se d5otes t a future action w be complet$ be=e a p>ticul> future "t4 ,x consi/s ( ?ree words1 "o ( :i* is ! auxili>y h1 & ano!r ! auxili>y %all or w4 ,,notes4--#a4 ,! pres5t t5se is us$ also to d5ote 7#a7 t some?+ is true at all times2 z 8,wa/e makes want10 & 7#b7 t some?+ occurs habitually2 z1 8,%e tea*es s*ool40 #b4 ,:5 a pr$icate consi/s ( a s]ies ( v]bs 9 ! same t5se1 ! auxili>y is usually express$ only ) ! fir/ v]b4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,n[ t he has eat5 & slept1 he is ready = "w10 ! second v]b is has slept1 ) ! auxili>y und]/ood4 #ahi4 ,a common error is ! use ( ! pres5t p]fect t5se = ! pa/ t5se4 ,we say1 8,i h be5 9 ,florida sev]al times10 because we mean sev]al times be=e n[2 b we say1 8,i 0 9 ,florida la/ ye>10 because we mean t our be+ !re occurr$ 9 pa/ "t ) no ref]5ce :atev] to ! pres5t4 ,if we are /ill 9 ,florida we may say1 8,i h be5 9 ,florida a long "t02 b if we are no long] 9 ,florida we say1 8,i 0 9 ,florida a long "t40 ,ex]cise #a4--;,ju/ify ! use ( ! pa/ or ! pres5t p]fect t5se 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,i le>n$ ! poem la/ ev5+4 #b4 ,i h le>n$ ! poem already4 #c4 ,i b\ght my hat at ,/one's4 #d4 ,i h b\ght a new spr+ hat4 #e4 ,i came home la/ ,monday4 #f4 ,i h come to /ay a week4 #g4 ,i tri$ my skates ?is aft]noon4 #h4 ,i hav5't tri$ my new skates4 #i4 ,i h walk$ ev] s9ce sunrise4 #aj4 ,i walk$ f sunrise until noon4 #aa4 ,i spoke to ! ,presid5t ?is morn+4 #ab4 ,i h nev] spok5 to ! ,presid5t4 #ac4 ,i spoke to him twice :5 ,i 0 9 ,wa%+ton4 #ad4 ,i h spok5 to him sev]al times4 ,ex]cise #b4--,us+ ! subject ,i1 =m ! six t5ses ( ! foll[+ v]bs4 ,consult ! diction>y = =ms ( :i* y are n sure4 break br+ buy come drive g leave love run see s+ take turn wait ,ex]cise #c4--,select all ! v]bs 9 ^! s5t5ces1 & tell ! t5se ( ea*3-- #a4 ,trees wave1 fl[]s bloom1 & bright-w+$ birds flit f palm to c$>4 #b4 ,! lynx turn$ to ! "r1 along a well-worn trail1 ran up a tree1 desc5d$ ha/ily1 & glid$ away among ! ?ickets4 #c4 ,tommy & ,i _h play$ toge!r till five o'clock t ,saturday aft]noon4 #d4 ,! *ildr5 ?\ght1 8h[ long ! vacation w be60 b ! "m ?\ght1 8h[ soon x w h come & gone40 #e4 ,he :o kn[s no?+ fe>s no?+4 #f4 ,! duck _h nev] se5 a gu9ea egg be=e 9 all h] life4 #g4 ,! boy comes ne>] to p]petual motion ?an any?+ else 9 nature4 #h4 ,nobody has yet discov]$ h[ _m gras%opp]s a turkey w hold4 #i4 ,i h made no addition to my cab9et s9ce we met4 #aj4 ,! big black pots sw++ f ! cranes _h bubbl$ & gurgl$ & s5t out puffs ( appetiz+ /eam4 #aa4 8,h[ _m pieces %all ,i cut ?is pie into80 said %e4 #ab4 ,i h se5 wild bees & butt]flies fe$+ at a height ( #ac1jjj feet above ! sea4 #ac4 ,y %all g to b$1 & ,i w rema9 ) y a few days until y get ov] ?is fev]4 #ad4 ,! daisies h %ut up _! sleepy r$ eyes4 ,analyze s5t5ces #b1 #c1 #f1 #i1 #ad4 ,l4 ,,! ,,indicative ,,mode #aij4 ,ea* ( ! six v]b =ms t we h be5 /udy+1--,i eat1 ,i ate1 ,i %all eat1 ,i h eat51 ,i _h eat51 ,i %all h eat51--is us$ 9 ! /atem5t ( a fact1 & is said to be 9 ! indicative mode4 ,mode is t prop]ty ( a v]b :i* d5otes ! mann] ( an ass]tion4 ,! indicative mode is us$ 9 ! /atem5t ( a fact4 #aia4 ,9 "s t5ses !re is a slight diff]5ce betwe5 ! s+ul> & ! plural =m ( a v]b1 h5ce v]bs are said to h ! prop]ty ( numb]4 ,we %\ld always use ! v]b =m t agrees ) ! numb] ( ! subject4 ,9 ! pres5t t5se1 = example1 we say 9 ! s+ul>1 8,! man goes20 & 9 ! plural1 8,! m5 g40 #aib4 ,9 "s t5ses !re is a slight diff]5ce 9 ! =m ( ! v]b to d5ote p]son1 h5ce v]bs are said to h ! prop]ty ( p]son4 ,9 ! pres5t p]fect t5se1 we say 9 ! fir/ p]son1 8,i h gone20 & 9 ! ?ird p]son1 8,he has gone40 #aic4 ,:5 we give all ! =ms ( a v]b 9 ! ?ree p]sons & ! two numb]s ( ea* t5se1 we are said to conjugate ! v]b4 #aid4 ,conjugation ( ! v]b be 9 ! indicative mode3-- ,,pres5t ,,t5se ,,pa/ ,,t5se ,s+ul> ,plural ,s+ul> ,plural ,i am we are ,i 0 we 7 ?\ art y are ?\ wa/ y 7 he is !y are he 0 !y 7 ,,future ,,t5se ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,,t5se ,s+ul> ,plural ,s+ul> ,plural ,i %all be we %all be ,i h be5 we h be5 ?\ wilt be y w be ?\ ha/ be5 y h be5 he w be !y w be he has be5 !y h be5 ,,pa/ ,,p]fect ,,t5se ,s+ul> ,plural ,i _h be5 we _h be5 ?\ had/ be5 y _h be5 he _h be5 !y _h be5 ,,future ,,p]fect ,,t5se ,s+ul> ,plural ,i %all h be5 we %all h be5 ?\ wilt h be5 y w h be5 he w h be5 !y w h be5 #aie4 ,conjugation ( see 9 ! indicative mode3-- ,,pres5t ,,t5se ,,pa/ ,,t5se ,s+ul> ,plural ,s+ul> ,plural ,i see we see ,i saw we saw ?\ see/ y see ?\ sawe/ y saw he sees !y see he saw !y saw ,,future ,,t5se ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,,t5se ,s+ul> ,plural ,s+ul> ,plural ,i %all see we %all see ,i h se5 we h se5 ?\ wilt see y w see ?\ ha/ se5 y h se5 he w see !y w see he has se5 !y h se5 ,,pa/ ,,p]fect ,,t5se ,s+ul> ,plural ,i _h se5 we _h se5 ?\ had/ se5 y _h se5 he _h se5 !y _h se5 ,,future ,,p]fect ,,t5se ,s+ul> ,plural ,i %all h se5 we %all h se5 ?\ wilt h se5 y w h se5 he w h se5 !y w h se5 ,ex]cise4--,conjugate ! v]bs 9 ,ex]cise #b1 p4 #abf1 9 ! six t5ses ( ! ,indicative ,mode4 ,,li4 ,,! ,,int]rogative ,,=m ,,( ,,! ,,indicative ,,mode #aif4 ,! indicative mode is us$ n only 9 /at+ facts1 b also 9 ask+ que/ions4 ,9 int]rogative s5t5ces ! ord] ( ! words t make up ! v]b is *ang$ some:at4 ,9 a simple /atem5t we say1 ,i h paid4 ,9 a "q we say1 ,h ,i paid8 putt+ ! auxili>y be=e ! subject4 #aig4 ,conjugation ( be 9 ! indicative mode1 int]rogative =m3-- ,,pres5t ,,t5se ,,pa/ ,,t5se am ,i are we 0 ,i 7 we art ?\ are y wa/ ?\ 7 y is he are !y 0 he 7 !y ,,future ,,t5se ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,,t5se %all ,i be %all we be h ,i be5 h we be5 wilt ?\ be w y be ha/ ?\ be5 h y be5 w he be w !y be has he be5 h !y be5 ,,pa/ ,,p]fect ,,t5se _h ,i be5 _h we be5 had/ ?\ be5 _h y be5 _h he be5 _h !y be5 ,,future ,,p]fect ,,t5se %all ,i h be5 %all we h be5 wilt ?\ h be5 w y h be5 w he h be5 w !y h be5 #aih4 ,:5 we use ! pres5t & pa/ t5ses ( any v]b except be = ask+ que/ions1 we d n say s+s %e8 or sang %e8 b does %e s+8 did %e s+8 t is1 we use ! auxili>ies d & did4 ,conjugate ! v]b see 9 ! indicative mode1 int]rogative =m4 ,ex]cise4--,conjugate ! v]bs 9 ,ex]cise #b1 p4 #abf1 9 ! indicative mode1 int]rogative =m4 #aii4 ,! use ( ! negative ^w n aft] a v]b gives rise to _m contractions :i* are p]missible 9 famili> conv]sation4 ,! contractions = :i* incorrect =ms are (t5 us$ are ! foll[+3-- isn't wasn't ar5't w]5't don't doesn't hav5't hasn't ,!re is no contraction = am n2 ! ^w a9't is incorrect4 ,contractions are (t5e/ misus$ 9 que/ions4 ,notice ! foll[+ correct =ms3-- ,isn't x too bad8 ,isn't he tall8 ,isn't %e pretty8 ,ar5't y cold8 ,ar5't !y com+8 ,wasn't x long8 ,w]5't y !re8 ,w]5't !y sl[8 ,don't y believe me8 ,doesn't x hurt8 ,doesn't %e "w h>d8 ,doesn't he l x8 ,hav5't y be5 !re8 ,hasn't he any fri5ds8 ,we %\ld be c>eful nev] to say1 y 0 or 0 y2 = ! pron\n y1 ev5 :5 x d5otes "o p]son1 is foll[$ by a v]b 9 ! plural =m4 ,we %\ld say1 8,y 7 late10 8,7 y late80 8,w]5't y late80 ,,lii4 ,,! ,,subjunctive ,,mode #bjj4 ,:5 we say1 8,if ,i 7 y1 ,i %\ld be a doctor10 we h a dep5d5t proposition1 ,if ,i 7 y1 :i* /ates n a fact1 b an imag9>y condition4 ,?is condition is1 moreov]1 directly contr>y to fact1 = ,i am n y1 & nev] c be4 ,! v]b us$ 9 express+ su* a condition is said to be 9 ! subjunctive mode4 #bja4 ,! subjunctive mode is f\nd n only 9 dep5d5t propositions introduc$ by if1 b 9 ^? introduc$ by le/1 :e!r1 al?\gh1 etc4 7a7 ,be quiet le/ ! baby wake4 7b7 ,we _c tell :e!r he be ! rightful heir or n4 7c7 ,?\gh he wait long1 yet he w come at la/4 ,9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces ! subjunctive mode is us$ to express d\bt or unc]ta9ty1 or some?+ imag9$ b n actually realiz$4 #bjb4 ,! subjunctive mode is s nam$ because x is f\nd pr9cipally 9 dep5d5t1 or subjo9$ propositions4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 f\nd also 9 indep5d5t propositions express+ a wi%2 z1 8,long live ! ,k+60 8,god bless !e1 de>60 #bjc4 ,! subjunctive mode is us$ 9 ! /atem5t ( some?+ t is unc]ta92 z1 8,if he come 9 "t1 d9n] w be s]v$ at six40 ,?is s5t5ce means t 8 com+ is to take place 9 ! future1 h5ce we _c tell :e!r x w be a fact or n4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,if he comes 9 "t1 d9n] is s]v$ at six10 we use ! indicative mode because we mean t sometimes he really does come 9 "t4 #bjd4 ,! subjunctive mode is little us$1 especially 9 conv]sation2 b we f9d _m in/ances ( x 9 ! ,bible & 9 ! works ( ,%akespe>e1 h5ce we %\ld und]/& its mean+4 ,n[adays1 except to express a wi%1 z1 8,heav5 def5d !e60 & to express a condition contr>y to fact1 z1 8,if ! r+ 7 gold1 x w\ld n discolor y\r f+]10 mo/ p]sons use ! indicative mode or "s o!r v]b phrase4 ,in/ead ( say+1 8,if to-morr[ be fair10 mo/ p]sons say1 8,if to-morr[ is fair10 or 8,if to-morr[ %\ld be fair40 7,see ,lesson ,,lxi47 #bje4 ,!re are f\r t5ses 9 ! subjunctive mode1 b ! =ms d n diff] greatly f ^? ( ! indicative mode4 ,!re is no int]rogative =m4 #bjf4 ,conjugation ( be 9 ! subjunctive mode3-- ,,pres5t ,,t5se ,,pa/ ,,t5se ,i be we be ,i 7 we 7 y be y be ?\ 7 y 7 he be !y be he 7 !y 7 ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,,t5se ,,pa/ ,,p]fect ,,t5se ,i h be5 we h be5 ,i _h be5 we _h be5 ?\ h be5 y h be5 ?\ _h be5 y _h be5 he h be5 !y h be5 he _h be5 !y _h be5 #bjg4 ,conjugation ( see 9 ! subjunctive mode3-- ,,pres5t ,,t5se ,,pa/ ,,t5se ,i see we see ,i saw we saw ?\ see y see ?\ saw y saw he see !y see he saw !y saw ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,,t5se ,,pa/ ,,p]fect ,,t5se ,i h se5 we h se5 ,i _h se5 we _h se5 ?\ h se5 y h se5 ?\ _h se5 y _h se5 he h se5 !y h se5 he _h se5 !y _h se5 ,summ>y4--,! subjunctive mode is us$ 9 an exclamative s5t5ce to express a wi%1 & 9 a dep5d5t proposition to express some?+ contr>y to fact or some?+ unc]ta94 ,! subjunctive mode has no future t5ses4 ,ex]cise #a4--;,conjugate all ! v]bs 9 ,ex]cise #b1 p4 #abf1 9 ! subjunctive mode4 ,ex]cise #b4--,select all ! v]bs 9 ! subjunctive mode 9 ^! s5t5ces1 & tell :y t mode is us$3-- #a4 ,mis]y loves company--ev5 ?\gh x be v poor company4 #b4 ,if ! wea!r be f9e1 !re breaks ^u ! eye1 z we rise high] & high]1 a succession ( ^? views ( m\nta91 lake & =e/1 :i* c be _h only f an elevat$ position4 #c4 ,! ,"l be betwe5 !e & me :5 we are abs5t "o f ! o!r4 #d4 ,if ! :ole _w 7 put into "o scale & my "m into ! o!r1 ! _w c\ld n outweigh h]4 #e4 ,if a boy 7 oblig$ to "w at nut ga!r+ 9 ord] to procure food = ! family1 he w\ld f9d x v irksome4 #f4 ,gre5 be ! turf above !e1 ,fri5d ( my bett] days6 #g4 ,john conv9ces himself t he mu/ wat* ! hawk le/ x p\nce ^u ! *ick54 #h4 ,if *icadee seem preoccupi$ or absorb$1 y may "k t he is build+ a ne/4 #i4 ,if ,i 7 a millionaire1 city life w\ld be agreeable en\gh1 = ,i c\ld always get away f x4 #aj4 ,& ,dea?1 :5ev] he come to me1 ,%all come on ! wide1 unb\nd$ sea4 #aa4 ,9 _! h&s !y %all be> !e up1 le/ at any "t ?\ da% ?y foot aga9/ a /one4 #ab4 ,*ri/ save u all f a dea? l ?is1 ,on ! reef ( ,norman's ,woe6 #ac4 ,if wi%es 7 horses1 begg>s might ride4 #ad4 ,god be m]ciful to u1 & bless u1 & %[ u ! light ( 8 c\nt5ance4 #ae4 ,if a man say t he ha? no s91 he deceive? himself1 & ! tru? is n 9 him4 #af4 ,if he _h told ! tru?1 somebody w\ld h believ$ him4 #ag4 ,if impressm5t 7 ! law ( ! _w1 if x =m$ "p ( ! code ( nations & 7 usually practic$1 !n x might be def5d$ z a common "r4 ,,liii4 ,,! ,,imp]ative ,,mode #bjh4 ,we le>n$ 9 ,lesson ,,xiv t s5t5ces express+ a comm& or an entreaty are call$ imp]ative s5t5ces2 t ! subject ( ! v]b 9 an imp]ative s5t5ce is a pron\n ( ! second p]son1--y1 ?\1 or ye2 & t ?is subject is seldom express$4 ,! v]b 9 an imp]ative s5t5ce is said to be 9 ! imp]ative mode2 z1 8,sleep1 baby1 sleep40 #bji4 ,!re is only "o =m = ! imp]ative mode1 h5ce x is n said to h t5se at all4 ,conjugation ( be 9 ! imp]ative mode3-- ,s+ul> ,plural be 7y or ?\7 be 7y or ye7 ,conjugation ( see 9 ! imp]ative mode3-- ,s+ul> ,plural see 7y or ?\7 see 7y or ye7 ,summ>y4--,! imp]ative mode is us$ 9 express+ a comm& or an entreaty4 ,x has b "o =m4 ,its subject is always ! pron\n y1 ?\1 or ye4 ,ex]cise4--,f ^! s5t5ces select ! v]bs 9 ! imp]ative mode4 ,conjugate ^! v]bs 9 ! indicative1 subjunctive1 & imp]ative modes4 #a4 ,r+1 happy bells1 across ! sn[4 #b4 ,break1 break1 break1 on ?y cold1 gray /ones1 ,o sea6 #c4 ,rep5t ye1 = ! k+dom ( heav5 is at h&4 #d4 ,run up/airs & get my glasses4 #e4 ,bl[1 w9ds1 & crack y\r *eeks4 #f4 ,build !e m /ately mansions1 ,o my s\l6 ,z ! swift seasons roll4 ,leave ?y l[-vault$ pa/1 ,let ea* new temple1 nobl] ?an ! la/1 ,%ut !e f heav5 ) a dome m va/4444 #g4 ,laugh1 & ! _w laughs ) y4 #h4 ,"w till ! la/ beam fade?1 ,fade? to %9e no m4 #i4 ,come unto me1 all ye t labor & are heavy lad51 & ,i w give y re/4 #aj4 ,:atsoev] ?y h& f9de? to d1 d x ) ?y might4 #aa4 ,suff] ! little *ildr51 & =bid !m n to come unto me1 = ( su* is ! k+dom ( heav54 #ab4 ,honor ?y fa!r & ?y "m4 #ac4 ,tell me n 9 m\rnful numb]s ,life is b an empty dream4 ,f9d all ! t]ms ( address 9 ! s5t5ces above4 ,,liv4 ,,pr9cipal ,,p>ts ,,( ,,v]bs4 ,,regul> ,,& ,,irregul> ,,v]bs #baj4 ,if we exam9e ! conjugation ( ! v]b see1 we %all discov] t mo/ ( ! t5ses are =m$ by ! use ( auxili>y v]bs1 & t only f\r =ms ( ! v]b see itself are made use (2 namely1 see1 sees1 saw1 se54 ,! =m sees occurs only once1 b ! o!r ?ree =ms occur (t54 ,^! ?ree =ms--see1 saw1 se5--are call$ ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ! v]b see4 ,! pr9cipal p>ts ( any v]b are ! pres5t indicative1 z1 g1 take2 ! pa/ indicative1 z1 w5t1 took2 & ano!r =m1 z1 gone1 tak51 call$ ! pa/ p>ticiple4 #baa4 ,! pa/ p>ticiple is us$ 9 =m+ all ! p]fect t5ses4 ,x is pla91 !n1 t we %\ld say ,i h gone 7n h w5t71 ,i _h tak5 7n _h took72 s9ce w5t & took are pa/ t5se =ms1 n pa/ p>ticiples4 ,! pa/ p>ticiple is nev] us$ 9 ! prim>y t5ses4 ,t is :y we say ,i saw 7n se571 ,i did 7n done74 ,,note4--,! v common ^w ought is1 z we use x to-day1 an old pa/ t5se =m ( ! v]b owe1 & n a pa/ p>ticiple4 ,h5ce1 we %\ld say ought to g1 or ought n to g 7n _h ought to g or hadn't ought to g74 #bab4 ,mo/ v]bs =m _! pa/ t5se & pa/ p>ticiple by add+ d or ed to ! pres5t t5se4 ,! pa/ t5se & ! pa/ p>ticiple ( move are mov$ & mov$2 ( pl[ are pl[$ & pl[$2 ( lift are lift$ & lift$4 ,su* v]bs are call$ regul> v]bs4 #bac4 ,_m v]bs 9 v common use =m _! pa/ t5se or pa/ p>ticiple1 n by ! addition ( a suffix1 b by "s *ange )9 ! ^w1 su* z a *ange 9 ! v[el4 ,! pa/ t5se & pa/ p>ticiple ( s+ are sang & sung respectively2 ( leave are left & left2 ( write are wrote & writt54 ,^! v]bs are call$ irregul> v]bs4 #bad4 ,"s v]bs1 l put & set1 h ! same =m = ea* ( _! pr9cipal p>ts4 ,^! also are irregul> v]bs4 #bae4 ,! v]b be is v irregul>4 ,its pr9cipal p>ts are3 pres5t t5se am1 pa/ t5se 01 pa/ p>ticiple be54 #baf4 ,if we "k ! prop] auxili>ies = ! diff]5t t5ses1 we c conjugate any v]b correctly by fir/ asc]ta9+ its pr9cipal p>ts4 ,^! c always be f\nd 9 a diction>y4 ,summ>y4--,! pr9cipal p>ts ( a v]b are ! pres5t t5se1 ! pa/ t5se1 & ! pa/ p>ticiple4 ,a regul> v]b is "o t =ms its pa/ t5se & pa/ p>ticiple by add+ d or ed to ! pres5t t5se4 ,an irregul> v]b is "o ^: pa/ t5se or pa/ p>ticiple is =m$ 9 "s o!r way ?an by add+ d or ed to ! pres5t t5se4 ,,note4--,web/]'s ,new ,int]national ,diction>y gives ! pres5t t5se =m ( e v]b4 ,if ! v]b is irregul>1 ! diction>y gives also ! pa/ t5se =m prec$$ by pret41 & ! pa/ p>ticiple prec$$ by p4p4 ,! abbreviation pret4 /&s = pret]it1 :i* means pa/ t5se4 ,if ! v]b is regul>1 ! abbreviations are omitt$1 & ! =m d or ed is pr9t$ b once4 ,ex]cise4--,f9d 9 ! diction>y ! pa/ t5se & ! pa/ p>ticiple ( ea* ( ! foll[+ v]bs4 ,use ! ?ree =ms ( ea* v]b correctly 9 s5t5ces4 awake be> beat beg9 bid b9d bite ble$ bl[ break br+ build buy cat* *oose cl+ come co/ creep cut d>e dig d draw dr9k drive eat fall fe$ fight f9d flee fl+ fly =get freeze get give g gr9d gr[ hang h hide hit hold hurt keep kneel knit "k lay lead l5d let lie lose make meet pay read ride r+ rise run say seek sell %ake %$ %9e %oot %[ %r9k %ut s9k sit slay sleep slide sl+ smite speak sp5d sp9 spread spr+ /& /eal /ick /+ /ride /rike /r+ /rive swe> sweat sweep swim sw+ take tell ?9k ?r[ tread we> weave weep wet w9 w9d wr+ #bag4 ,_m errors are made 9 us+ ! diff]5t =ms ( irregul> v]bs4 ,c]ta9 v]bs1 ! mean+ & pr9cipal p>ts ( :i* are some:at alike1 occasion a good deal ( tr\ble to "s p]sons4 ,! mo/ important ( ^! are lie & lay1 sit & set1 & rise & raise4 ,! fir/ ^w ( ea* pair1 lie1 sit1 & rise is an intransitive v]b4 ,! second v]b ( ea* pair1 lay1 set1 & raise1 is a transitive v]b4 ,ex]cise #a4--,supply ! correct =m ( lie or lay 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces1 & give y\r reason 9 ea* case4 ,lie means to be at re/ 9 a recl9+ position4 ,lay means to place a ?+ d[n 9 a recl9+ position4 #a4 ---- d[n1 ,phiz1 & be a good dog4 #b4 ,phiz ---- at ! foot ( my c\* & gaz$ out ( ! ne>e/ w9d[4 #c4 ,aft] he _h ---- !re an h\r or m1 he :9$ to g out on ! /reet4 #d4 ,phiz br\ght 9 a notebook & ---- x at my feet4 #e4 ,g & ---- x on y\r ma/]'s *air1 ,phiz4 #f4 ,did ! soldi]s ---- on ! damp gr\nd8 #g4 ,?is l& ---- too l[ = gra9 fields4 #h4 ,h[ long has my fan be5 ---- on ! w9d[ sill8 #i4 ,grant ---- 9 b$ dictat+ 8 ,memoirs4 #aj4 ,! tools h ---- "h 9 ! wet & are ru/$4 ,ex]cise #b4--,supply ! correct =m ( sit or set 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces1 & give y\r reason 9 ea* case4 ,sit means to be 9 a sitt+ position4 ,set means to place a ?+ d[n 9 a position ( re/4 #a4 ,by & by we look$ 91 & !re ---- ,miss ,eug5e4 #b4 ,h y ---- "h long1 or did y j come8 #c4 ,i w ---- my suit case "h1 & !n ---- 9 y\r seat4 #d4 ,:y did y ---- !re s long )\t speak+8 #e4 ,fa!r ---- ! :ite h5 to-day1 s %e w be ---- = ab\t ?ree weeks4 #f4 ,! little bird ---- & s+s at 8 door 9 ! sun4 #g4 ,:o has be5 ---- 9 my *air8 ,ex]cise #c4--,supply ! correct =m ( rise & raise 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces1 & give y\r reason 9 ea* case4 ,rise means to move f a l[] to a high] position4 ,raise means to cause to rise4 #a4 ,! bread ---- v sl[ly t cold day4 #b4 ,bread ---- because ( ! yea/ 9 x4 #c4 ,aft] ! bread _h ----1 we set ! pans 9 ! ov54 #d4 ,!y ---- ! old h\se s z to put a furnace 9 ! cell>4 #e4 ,! ,black ,riv] ---- sixte5 in*es ye/]day4 #f4 ,if ! riv] cont9ues to ----1 ! dam w g out4 #g4 ,%all we ---- ! flag at sunrise8 ,! pres5t t5se =m ( "s v]bs is misus$ = ! pa/ t5se4 ,we %\ld say1 8,! tailor came 7n come7 la/ night10 8,i ran 7n run7 a mile ye/]day10 8,& !n he said 7n says71 #8,hurry up4'0 ,! v]bs (t5e/ misus$ 9 ?is way are come1 give1 run1 say1 & see4 ,/udy ! foll[+ correct s5t5ces3-- ,he came la/ night4 ,%e came to meet me4 ,x came )\t w>n+4 ,i ran a mile ye/]day4 ,he ran 9 front ( me4 ,%e ran out ( sug>4 ,at la/ he said1 8,i w g40 ,john said1 8,! s*oolh\se is on fire40 ,i said1 8,r+ ! bells40 ,he gave me a doll>4 ,i gave ! *ild a p5ny4 ,%e gave x to me4 ,!y ran up a bill4 ,! dog ran beh9d4 ,! baby ran to 8 "m4 ,i saw ! p>ade ye/]day4 ,he saw me g out4 ,%e saw !m at ! w9d[4 ,i came1 ,i saw1 ,i conqu]$4 ,"s p]sons make a wrong pa/ t5se = c]ta9 v]bs1 & use su* =ms z bl[$ & draw$1 :5 !y %\ld use blew & drew4 ,ex]cise #d4--,supply ! correct =m = ! pa/ t5se 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,bl[4 ,! w9d soon ---- ! smoke away4 #b4 ,draw4 ,! boat ---- f\r feet ( wat]4 #c4 ,gr[4 ,lucy ---- too fa/ to be /rong4 #d4 ,"k4 ,nobody ---- ! "r date b me4 #e4 ,?r[4 ,:o ---- ! ball la/8 ,"s p]sons use ! pa/ p>ticiple ( see & d = ! pa/ t5se4 ,we %\ld say1 8,i saw 7n se57 my duty1 & ,i did 7n done7 x40 ,/udy ^! correct s5t5ces3-- ,i saw ! boat g d[n4 ,:o saw ! /> fir/8 ,we saw ! elephant dance4 ,he did 8 own "w4 ,%e did x too fa/4 ,ev]ybody did :at he c\ld4 ,ano!r common error is ! use ( ! pa/ t5se ( a v]b = ! pa/ p>ticiple1 z 9 ! expressions is broke & _h froze4 ,ex]cise #e4--,supply ! correct =m 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,beg94 ,fir/ we mu/ f9i% :at we h ----4 #b4 ,break4 ,de> me6 ,i h ---- ! bird's se$ di%4 #c4 ,dr9k4 ,h y ---- all ! milk8 #d4 ,freeze4 ,if ! lagoon is ----1 we c g skat+4 #e4 ,/eal4 ,:y d y ?9k t ! purse 0 ----8 #f4 ,swim4 ,h y ev] ---- out to ! isl&8 ,,lv4 ,,voice #bah4 ,:5 we say1 8,! fi% swall[$ ! worm10 we h a s5t5ce made up ( a subject1 a v]b1 & an object complem5t4 ,! subject names ! do] ( ! action1 :ile ! object names ! receiv] ( ! action4 ,! v]b swall[$ c\ld h no?+ = subject b "s ^w t indicates ! do] ( ! action4 ,h[ is x ) ! v]bs broke1 /ruck1 :ittl$8 ,a v]b t requires = its subject ! "n ( ! do] ( an action is said to be 9 ! active voice4 #bai4 ,:5 we say1 8,! worm 0 swall[$ by ! fi%10 we h a s5t5ce made up ( a subject1 a v]b1 & a prepositional phrase4 ,! subject names ! receiv] ( ! action1 & ! phrase tells by :om ! action 0 p]=m$4 ,! v]b 0 swall[$ c\ld h no?+ = subject b "s ^w t indicates ! receiv] ( ! action4 ,h[ is x ) ! v]bs 0 swept1 has be5 eat51 w be cut8 ,a v]b t requires = its subject ! "n ( ! receiv] ( ! action is said to be 9 ! passive voice4 #bbj4 ,:5 a v]b is *ang$ f ! active to ! passive voice1 ! object ( ! active v]b becomes ! subject ( ! passive v]b4 ,h5ce x is evid5t t only transitive v]bs c h ! passive voice4 #bba4 ,a v]b is conjugat$ 9 ! passive voice by add+ ! pa/ p>ticiple ( ! v]b to ! conjugation ( ! v]b be4 #bbb4 ,conjugation ( ! v]b see 9 ! passive voice3-- ,,indicative ,,mode ,,pres5t ,,t5se ,,pa/ ,,t5se ,i am se5 we are se5 ,i 0 se5 we 7 se5 ?\ art se5 y are se5 ?\ wa/ se5 y 7 se5 he is se5 !y are se5 he 0 se5 !y 7 se5 ,,future ,,t5se ,i %all be se5 we %all be se5 ?\ wilt be se5 y w be se5 he w be se5 !y w be se5 ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,i h be5 se5 we h be5 se5 ?\ ha/ be5 se5 y h be5 se5 he has be5 se5 !y h be5 se5 ,,pa/ ,,p]fect ,i _h be5 se5 we _h be5 se5 ?\ had/ be5 se5 y _h be5 se5 he _h be5 se5 !y _h be5 se5 ,,future ,,p]fect ,i %all h be5 se5 we %all h be5 se5 ?\ wilt h be5 se5 y w h be5 se5 he w h be5 se5 !y w h be5 se5 ,,subjunctive ,,mode ,,pres5t ,,pa/ ,i be se5 we be se5 ,i 7 se5 we 7 se5 ?\ be se5 y be se5 ?\ 7 se5 y 7 se5 he be se5 !y be se5 he 7 se5 !y 7 se5 ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,i h be5 se5 we h be5 se5 ?\ h be5 se5 y h be5 se5 he h be5 se5 !y h be5 se5 ,,pa/ ,,p]fect ,i _h be5 se5 we _h be5 se5 ?\ _h be5 se5 y _h be5 se5 he _h be5 se5 !y _h be5 se5 ,,imp]ative ,,mode be se5 7y or ?\7 be se5 7y or ye7 #bbc4 ,conjugation ( ! v]b see 9 ! passive voice1 indicative mode1 int]rogative =m3-- ,,indicative ,,mode ,,pres5t ,,pa/ am ,i se5 are we se5 0 ,i se5 7 we se5 art ?\ se5 are y se5 wa/ ?\ se5 7 y se5 is he se5 are !y se5 0 he se5 7 !y se5 ,,future %all ,i be se5 %all we be se5 %alt ?\ be se5 %all y be se5 w he be se5 w !y be se5 ,,pres5t ,,p]fect h ,i be5 se5 h we be5 se5 ha/ ?\ be5 se5 h y be5 se5 has he be5 se5 h !y be5 se5 ,,pa/ ,,p]fect _h ,i be5 se5 _h we be5 se5 had/ ?\ be5 se5 _h y be5 se5 _h he be5 se5 _h !y be5 se5 ,,future ,,p]fect %all ,i h be5 se5 %all we h be5 se5 %alt ?\ h be5 se5 %all y h be5 se5 w he h be5 se5 w !y h be5 se5 ,summ>y4--,voice is t prop]ty ( a v]b :i* %[s :e!r ! subject names ! do] or ! receiv] ( an action4 ,! active voice %[s t ! subject names ! do] ( an action4 ,! passive voice %[s t ! subject names ! receiv] ( an action4 ,a v]b is conjugat$ 9 ! passive voice by add+ ! pa/ p>ticiple ( ! v]b to ! conjugation ( ! v]b be4 ,no intransitive v]b has a passive voice4 ,ex]cise #a4--;,conjugate ! v]bs draw1 take1 f9d1 =get1 & leave 9 ! passive voice1 bo? decl>atively & int]rogatively4 ,ex]cise #b4--,select ! v]bs 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,tell :e!r !y are transitive or intransitive4 ,give ! t5se1 mode1 voice1 & subject ( ea*4 ,*ange ! active v]bs to ! passive voice & ! passive to ! active4 ,,note4--,:5 ! v]b is passive1 ! "n ( ! do] ( ! action is (t5 omitt$4 ,sometimes we d n "k :o ! do] is2 z1 8,! art ( pr9t+ 0 inv5t$ 9 ,*9a long ago40 ,sometimes we d n wi% to tell :o ! do] is2 z1 8,a w9d[ 0 brok5 9 ! basem5t ye/]day40 ,sometimes ! subject is s obvi\s z n to be wor? tell+2 z1 8,ly+ is despis$40 ,9 *ang+ s5t5ces l ^! ?ree to ! active voice1 we mu/ supply a subject = ! v]b4 ,= in/ance1 9 *ang+ ! s5t5ce1 8,! pie 0 cut into f\r pieces10 we might say1 8,"m cut ! pie into f\r pieces40 #a4 ,! babe 0 convey$ to ! *ur* 9 a gr& procession4 ,! road1 all ! way1 0 c>pet$ ) gre5 ru%es4 ,ov] ?is road ! little infant ,elizabe? 0 borne by "o ( h] godmo!rs4 ,%e 0 wrapp$ 9 a mantle ( purple velvet1 ) a long tra94 ,?is tra9 0 trimm$ ) erm9e1 a v co/ly k9d ( fur1 & 0 borne by lords & ladies ( high rank4 ,^! dignit>ies 7 appo9t$ = ! purpose by ! k+4 #b4 ,! height ( ! p9nacle is det]m9$ by ! bread? ( ! base4 #c4 ,leice/] ,hospital supports twelve old soldi]s & _! wives4 #d4 ,aft] ! h\sework _h be5 done1 !y w5t out to ! sunny g>d51 & pick$ ! lusci\s r$ raspb]ries1 n =getful ( ! "t :5 ,mrs4 ,h[e _h set out ! bu%es ) h] own h&s4 #e4 ,_m ( ^! spl5did ca/les on ! ,rh9e h be5 de/roy$ 9 mod]n times4 #f4 ,x is wond]ful & beautiful h[ a man & 8 dog w /ick to "o ano!r ?r\gh ?ick & ?94 #g4 ,! door _h be5 v firmly fa/5$1 b ! cr[d tore x away bodily1 & ! light ( ! tor*es /ream$ into ! room4 #h4 ,?is g>d5 is %ad$ by long l9es ( trees1 & adorn$ ) f\nta9s & /atues4 #i4 ,away to ! w9d[ ,i flew l a fla%1 ,tore op5 ! %utt]s1 & ?rew up ! sa%4 #aj4 ,elephants are v /rictly pres]v$ by ! ,engli% gov]nm5t4 #aa4 ,! f>m boy picks up ! potatoes aft] !y h be5 dug2 he drives ! c[s night & morn+2 he br+s wood & wat] & splits k9dl+2 he gets up ! horse & puts out ! horse2 :e!r he is 9 ! h\se or out ( x1 !re is always some?+ = him to d4 #ab4 ,!y :o d _! s\ls no wrong1 ,b keep at eve ! fai? ( morn1 ,%all daily he> ! angel song1 8,to-day ! ,pr9ce ( ,peace is born40 #ac4 ,mr4 ,m>ley has be5 dead ^! sev5 ye>s4 #ad4 ,! ,pet]k9s told h[ _! "m _h put salt 9 ! c(fee1 & h[ ! *emi/ _h made x worse in/ead ( bett]4 #ae4 ,we climb$ ! ,alps1 veil$ our faces be=e ! awful spl5dors ( ,mont ,blanc1 trembl$ on ! v]ge ( dizzy heights1 %rank back f fa?omless abysses1 pick$ our way across ! ,m] de ,glace1 & c[]$ b5ea? ! weight ( ! :ole incumb5t mass ( m\nta9s z we w5t ?r\gh ! tunnel4 ,tell ! "p ( spee* & use ( way1 s5t5ce #a1 =getful #d1 "o ano!r #f1 op5 #i1 up #i1 s\ls #ab1 ye>s #ac1 worse #ad4 ,,lvi4 ,,! ,,passive ,,voice #bbd4 ,e comb9ation ( "s =m ( ! v]b be ) ! pa/ p>ticiple ( a transitive v]b is n necess>ily a passive v]b4 ,= example1 "o passive =m ( ! v]b d is is done1 b x does n foll[ t is done is always a passive v]b4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! meat is done n[10 we d n mean t ! meat is receiv+ an action1 h5ce is done _c be a passive v]b4 ,we mean to tell ! condition ( ! meat1 t x is done meat4 ,! ^w done is us$ 9 precisely ! same way z an adjective2 z if we %\ld say1 8,! meat is good n[10 ,9 o!r words1 ! p>ticiple done is a subjective complem5t4 ,pa/ p>ticiples are us$ z subjective complem5ts to tell ! condition ( some?+ aft] an action has be5 p]=m$ on x2 z1 8,e w9d[ 9 ! h\se is brok510 8,my dress is badly torn10 8,! old h\se is des]t$40 #bbe4 ,:5 we are 9 d\bt z to :e!r we h a true passive v]b or n1 we may apply ^! te/s3 7#a7 ,does ! s5t5ce mean t ! subject is act$ ^u8 7#b7 ,c we add a phrase1 tell+ ! p]=m] ( ! action8 7#c7 ,c we *ange ! s5t5ce to ! active voice1 keep+1 ( c\rse1 ! same t5se8 ,let u take1 = in/ance1 ! s5t5ce1 8,c\rage is prais$40 ,we d mean t c\rage receives ! prais+4 ,we c add ! phrase by ev]ybody4 ,& we c *ange ! s5t5ce to ! active s5t5ce1 8,ev]ybody praises c\rage40 ,h5ce is prais$ is ! v]b1 & is 9 ! passive voice4 ,b 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,e seat 9 ! balcony is tak510 if is tak5 is a passive v]b1 x mu/ mean1 s9ce x is pres5t t5se1 t e seat is receiv+ an action n[4 ,x does n mean ?is1 b x does mean t e seat is a tak5 seat1 h5ce tak5 is us$ z a subjective complem5t1 & ! v]b is j ! "o ^w is4 #bbf4 ,we le>n$ 9 ,lesson ,,xxxvii t "s v]bs l make1 elect1 appo9t1 & call1 are (t5 foll[$ by a direct object & an objective complem5t2 z1 8,we call$ our can>y ,butt]cup40 ,:5 su* a s5t5ce is *ang$ to ! passive voice1 ! direct object becomes1 ( c\rse1 ! subject1 & we h ! s5t5ce1 8,our can>y 0 call$ ,butt]cup40 ,! ^w ,butt]cup has n[ become a subjective complem5t4 ,h[ d we "k ?is8 ,:5 ! objective complem5t is an adjective1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,%e kept ! poli%$ floor z bright z a mirror10 if we *ange ! s5t5ce to ! passive voice1 ! adjective becomes a subjective complem5t2 z1 8,! poli%$ floor 0 kept z bright z a mirror40 #bbg4 ,we le>n$ 9 ,lesson ,,xxxiv t c]ta9 v]bs may be foll[$ by bo? an indirect & a direct object2 z1 8,fr$ told ,ar?ur ! news40 ,9 *ang+ ?is s5t5ce to ! passive voice we may use ! direct object = ! subject ( ! passive v]b2 z1 8,! news 0 told to ,ar?ur by ,fr$02 or we may use ! indirect object = ! subject ( ! passive v]b2 z1 8,ar?ur 0 told ! news by ,fr$40 ,9 ! latt] case we h an idiomatic con/ruction--a passive v]b 0 told tak+ a direct object ! news4 ,! direct object ( a passive v]b is (t5 call$ a reta9$ object1 because x rema9s z an object aft] ! s5t5ce has be5 *ang$ to ! passive voice4 ,n all s5t5ces conta9+ a direct & an indirect object c be *ang$ to ! passive voice 9 two ways4 ,we say1 8,a rose 0 giv5 to me10 or 8,i 0 giv5 a rose40 ,we say1 8,a holiday 0 promis$ to ! *ildr510 or 8,! *ildr5 7 promis$ a holiday40 ,b we d n say1 8,i 0 pass$ ! bread10 8,i 0 writt5 a note10 or 8,i 0 p\r$ a cup ( tea40 ,summ>y4--,! pa/ p>ticiple ( a transitive v]b may be us$ z ! subjective complem5t ( "s =m ( ! v]b be4 ,9 su* a case x d5otes ! condition ( ! subject4 ,:5 a s5t5ce conta9+ a direct object & an objective complem5t is *ang$ to ! passive voice1 ! direct object becomes ! subject1 & ! objective complem5t becomes a subjective complem5t4 ,"s s5t5ces conta9+ bo? an indirect & a direct object may be *ang$ to ! passive voice 9 two ways1 ei!r ! direct object or ! indirect object becom+ ! subject4 ,ex]cise #a4--,select ea* v]b 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,tell its voice1 & h[ x is complet$4 #a4 ,! "t ( ! s++ ( birds is come1 & ! voice ( ! turtle is he>d 9 ! l&4 #b4 ,que5 ,elizabe? is (t5 famili>ly call$ ,que5 ,bess4 #c4 ,rebecca's face 0 s swoll5 ) te>s & s %>p ) mis]y t = a mom5t ,uncle ,j]ry sc>cely recogniz$ h]4 #d4 ,to put x mildly1 ,mrs4 ,h[e 0 greatly pleas$ :5 %e 0 elect$ fir/ presid5t ( ! ,murray ,hill ,society4 #e4 ,:5 ! eggs _h be5 beat5 /iff1 ! little cook sift$ ! sug>4 #f4 ,*ri/ ! ,"l is ris5 to-day4 #g4 ,! coloni/s 7 s di%e>t5$ & al>m$ t !y sail$ at once = ,engl&4 #h4 ,! y\nge/ girl 9 ! s5ior class 0 *os5 val$ictorian4 #i4 ,:5 ! automobile ran (f ! bridge1 e "o 0 surpris$ at ! driv]'s escape4 #aj4 ,! black colt _h be5 nam$ ,od91 b he 0 always call$ ,t$dy4 #aa4 ,! day is pa/ & gone1 ,! ev5+ %ades appe>4 #ab4 ,^? p are mi/ak5 :o say t h>d "w does n pay--!y h nev] really tri$ x4 #ac4 ,! room 0 made cool & d>k1 s t ! lady might sleep4 #ad4 ,! ro(s ( ! long r$ b>ns1 :i* _h be5 /a9$ gre5 by ! wea!r1 7 /ruck by ! level rays ( ! l[1 we/]n sun4 #ae4 ,! fabric ( common ord] 9 ,am]ica is s\nd & /rong at ! c5t]2 ! patt]n is well m>k$1 & ! ?reads are firmly wov54 #af4 ,h>v>d ,college may be reg>d$ z ! legitimate *ild ( ,emmanuel ,college at ,cambridge 9 ,engl&4 ,ex]cise #b4--,make ei!r "o or two passive s5t5ces out ( ea* s5t5ce 9 ,ex]cise #b1 page #ij4 ,tell 9 ea* case :at becomes ( ! subject1 ! direct object1 & ! indirect object4 ,,lvii4 ,,! ,,progressive ,,conjugation #bbh4 ,we h le>n$ to conjugate v]bs bo? decl>atively & int]rogatively1 9 bo? ! active & ! passive voice4 ,!re is ano!r =m ( conjugation1 z %[n 9 ! /atem5ts1 ,i am laugh+1 ,i 0 laugh+1 ,i %all be laugh+1 ,i h be5 laugh+1 etc4 ,we use ?is =m ( conjugation :5 we wi% to call att5tion to ! cont9uance ( ! action ass]t$ by ! v]b1 & we call x ! progressive conjugation4 #bbi4 ,j z we use ! pa/ p>ticiple 9 conjugat+ a v]b 9 ! passive voice1 s we use ! pres5t p>ticiple 9 conjugat+ a v]b 9 ! progressive =m4 ,laugh+ is ! pres5t p>ticiple ( ! v]b laugh4 ,! pres5t p>ticiple ( e v]b ends 9 +2 z1 runn+1 hop+1 ty+4 #bcj4 ,synopsis ( ! progressive conjugation ( ! v]b see3-- ,,note4--,9 ! synopsis ( a conjugation we give only "o =m = ea* t5se1 in/ead ( six =ms4 ,,indicative ,,mode ,pres5t ,i am see+ ,pa/ ,i 0 see+ ,future ,i %all be see+ ,pres5t ,p]fect ,i h be5 see+ ,pa/ ,p]fect ,i _h be5 see+ ,future ,p]fect ,i %all h be5 see+ ,,subjunctive ,,mode ,pres5t ,i be see+ ,pa/ ,i 7 see+ ,pres5t ,p]fect ,i h be5 see+ ,pa/ ,p]fect ,i _h be5 see+ ,,imp]ative ,,mode be see+ 7y1 ?\1 ye7 #bca4 ,! progressive conjugation may be made int]rogative by *ang+ ! position ( ! auxili>y2 z1 am ,i see+8 0 ,i see+8 etc4 ,summ>y4--,! progressive conjugation is us$ to d5ote a cont9u$ action4 ,x is made by jo9+ ! pres5t p>ticiple ( a giv5 v]b to ! conjugation ( ! v]b be4 ,ex]cise4--,conjugate ! v]bs lift1 d9e1 & get 9 ! progressive =m1 bo? decl>atively & int]rogatively4 ,,lviii4 ,,! ,,emphatic ,,conjugation #bcb4 ,9 ! indicative mode1 pres5t t5se1 we may say1 ,i /udy1 :i* is ! common =m1 or ,i am /udy+1 :i* is ! progressive =m1 or ,i d /udy1 :i* is ! emphatic =m4 #bcc4 ,! emphatic conjugation is made by us+ ! auxili>y v]b d4 ,x is f\nd only 9 ! pres5t & pa/ t5ses ( ! indicative mode1 & 9 ! imp]ative mode4 #bcd4 ,conjugation ( ! v]b try 9 ! emphatic =m4 ,,indicative ,,mode ,,pres5t ,,t5se ,i d try we d try ?\ do/ try y d try he does try !y d try ,,pa/ ,,t5se ,i did try we did try ?\ did/ try y did try he did try !y did try ,,imp]ative ,,mode d try 7?\1 y1 or ye7 #bce4 ,! two t5ses ( ! indicative mode1 emphatic =m1 may be made int]rogative1 z we le>n$ 9 ,lesson ,,li4 #bcf4 ,! emphatic =m is us$ = o!r purposes ?an = emphasis4 ,x is g5]ally us$ in/ead ( ! ord9>y =ms :5 ! adv]b n modifies ! pr$icate4 ,we say1 8,i d n love !e1 ,dr4 ,fell10 in/ead ( 8,i love !e n40 ,& 9 ! imp]ative mode ) n we say1 8,d n run ) ! ball10 in/ead ( 8,run n ) ! ball40 ,,lix4 ,,p>s+ ,,( ,,v]bs #bcg4 ,:5 we p>se a v]b1 we %\ld tell1-- 7#a7 ,its class z to =m1--regul> or irregul>4 7#b7 ,its pr9cipal p>ts4 7#c7 ,its class z to use1--transitive or intransitive4 7#d7 ,its voice1--active or passive4 7#e7 ,its mode1--indicative1 subjunctive1 or imp]ative4 7#f7 ,its t5se4 7#g7 ,its p]son4 7#h7 ,its numb]4 7#i7 ,its =m ( conjugation1--int]rogative1 progressive1 or emphatic4 7#aj7 ,its simple subject4 7#aa7 ,its complem5t 7if any71--direct object1 subjective complem5t1 or objective complem5t4 ,ex]cise4--,p>se ea* v]b 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,:at are y smil+ at1 ,lady ,"m8 #b4 ,! %ades 7 l[]$ at ! w9d[s1 ! lamps 7 light$1 ! great family table 0 drawn t[>ds ! fire4 #c4 ,:5 he w5t out f ! village at ! head ( 8 m5 "o f9e day1 :ile ! sun 0 %9+ brightly1 & ! birds 7 s++1 he did n neglect a s+le "o ( ! _m ?+s :i* he _h be5 told always br\ght good luck to ! hunt+4 #d4 8,no10 said ,mrs4 ,h[e1 8,i don't enjoy mov+1 b ! *ildr5 d4 ,!y h be5 transport+ clocks1 & pictures1 & lamps all ! =5oon1 :5 !y hav5't be5 load+ ! dray1 b !y don't seem a bit tir$40 #e4 ,:at %all x pr(it a man if he ga9 ! :ole _w & lose 8 own s\l8 #f4 ,*ild1 0 n y\r fa!r call$ ,mu/apha ! tailor8 #g4 ,d look at ^? gatepo/s6 #h4 ,! h5s _h be5 my/]i\sly disappe>+ = ov] a mon?4 #i4 ,/ir n a /ep till ,i come aga94 #aj4 ,d y wond] t ,i miss$ a ^w 9 spell+8 #aa4 ,son1 h any told !e t ?\ art beautiful beyond all m58 #ab4 ,hadn't y be5 putt+ on airs8 ,,lx4 ,,! ,,auxili>y ,,v]bs ,,%all ,,& ,,w #bch4 ,9 conjugat+ a v]b 9 ! future t5se1 indicative mode1 we make use ( ! auxili>ies %all & w4 ,s+ul> ,plural ,i %all g we %all g ?\ wilt g y w g he w g !y w g ,^! v]b phrases express simple futurity1--!y ass]t an int5tion on ! "p ( ! p]son indicat$ by ! subject1 b n a promise4 #bci4 ,we h ano!r set ( v]b phrases belong+ to ! future t5se1 indicative mode3-- ,i w g we w g ?\ %alt g y %all g he %all g !y %all g ,^! phrases are us$ to express a promise1 a v[1 or a ?reat on ! "p ( ! speak]2 t is1 ! speak] w see to x t ! action is c>ri$ out4 ,!re is m ( c]ta9ty 9 ^! phrases ?an 9 ^? ( ! fir/ set4 #bdj4 ,%all & w ) h are us$ also 9 =m+ ! future p]fect t5se2 z1 ,i %all h gone1 he w h come1 etc4 ,!re is mu* less occasion to use ! future p]fect t5se ?an !re is to use ! simple future t5se1 s we %all discuss ! use ( %all & w only 9 ! future t5se4 ,:5 t is ma/]$1 ! future p]fect t5se w pres5t no difficulties4 #bda4 ,frequ5t errors are made 9 ! use ( %all & w4 ,p]haps ! commone/ occur 9 int]rogative s5t5ces4 ,_m p]sons say c>elessly1 8,w ,i op5 ?is w9d[ = y80 ,?is "q means1 8,am ,i go+ to op5 ?is w9d[ = y80 & ! only possible answ] is1 8,i am sure ,i don't "k40 ,:at is really int5d$ by ! "q is ?is1 8,d y wi% me to op5 ?is w9d[80 h5ce we %\ld say1 8,%all ,i op5 ?is w9d[ = y80 ,! rule is1--,:5 ! subject ( an int]rogative s5t5ce is ,i or we1 ! auxili>y %all %\ld be us$ in/ead ( w4 #bdb4 ,9 que/ions :]e ! subject is a ^w ( ! second or ! ?ird p]son1 we %\ld use 9 ! "q ! =m we expect 9 ! answ]4 ,a boy %\ld say to 8 employ]1 8,%all y be 9 y\r (fice ?is aft]noon80 because he expects ! reply1 8,i %all10 mean+1 8,i int5d to be !re40 ,b a boy says to ano!r boy1 8,w y pit* = u to-morr[80 because he expects ! reply1 8,i w10 mean+ 8,i promise40 ,summ>y4--,rules = ! use ( %all & w3-- 7#a7 ,to ass]t simple futurity use %all 9 ! fir/ p]son1 & w 9 ! second & ?ird p]sons4 7#b7 ,to ass]t det]m9ation1 a promise1 or a ?reat1 use w 9 ! fir/ p]son1 %all 9 ! second & ?ird p]sons4 7#c7 ,9 que/ions use %all 9 ! fir/ p]son4 ,9 ! second & ?ird p]sons use w or %all accord+ to ! answ] y %\ld get4 ,! =m ( ! answ] is to be det]m9$ by rules #a & #b4 ,ex]cise #a4--;,acc\nt = ! use ( %all & w 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 8,:at %all we d next80 said ,i1 ) a long brea?4 #b4 ,?\ %alt hang = lay+ ?y h& ^u me4 #c4 ,w y please tell me :e!r ,mrs4 ,josiah ,:eel] lives on ?is road8 #d4 ,y %all h a bir?day p>ty on ! lawn1 & ,i w make y a soldi] suit1 & papa w get y a drum1 & ! supp] table %all be set "u ! balm-(-,gilead tree4 #e4 8,no10 said ! fairy1 8?is is my ax1 & x %all lie ^u ! %elf1 :ile y mu/ dive = y\rs1 y\rself40 #f4 8,we w come into ! crop l&s to play ) !e by night10 said ,gray ,bro!r to ,m[gli4 #g4 ,bless$ are ! peacemak]s2 = !y %all be call$ ! *ildr5 ( ,god4 #h4 ,! fir/ social problem is ! problem ( rule3 :o %all ex]cise x1 h[ f> %all x g1 & by :at means %all x be en=c$8 #i4 ,:osoev] w lose 8 life = my sake %all f9d x4 #aj4 ,let u re/ ourselves1 & !n we %all be bett] able to pursue our walk4 #aa4 ,:5 %all we ?ree meet aga9 ,9 ?und]1 lightn+1 or 9 ra98 #ab4 ,i w lift up m9e eyes unto ! hills1 :5ce come? my /r5g?4 #ac4 ,:o w fill our vacant places8 ,:o w s+ our songs to-night8 #ad4 ,! daisies w be !re1 love4 ,! />s 9 heav5 w %9e2 ,b ,i %all n feel ?y wi%1 love1 ,nor ?\ my h& 9 ?9e4 ,tell ! "p ( spee* & use ( ?y1 s5t5ce #b1 me #c1 y #d1 ?is #e1 y\rs #e1 y\rself #e1 *ildr5 #g1 we #aa1 m9e #ab4 ,ex]cise #b4--;,fill ! blanks ) ! prop] auxili>y1 & give y\r reason 9 ea* case4 #a4 ,o "m de>1 ,j]usalem1 :5 ---- ,i come to !e8 #b4 ,we ---- meet1 b we ---- miss him1 ,!re ---- be "o vacant *air4 #c4 ,!re is no m>ket 9 ! _w 9 :i* money ---- buy bra9s4 #d4 ,y ---- always h ?is little blue ,w$gwood tea set to rememb] h] by4 #e4 ---- y we> ! hat ev5 if x is n becom+8 #f4 ,i ---- "k him :5 he comes1 happy y\?4 #g4 ---- y get my wat* t 0 left at ! jewel]'s8 #h4 ,oh1 :o ---- walk a mile ) me ,along life's m]ry way8 #i4 ,if y d n promise to be home be=e midnight1 y ---- n g to ! ball4 #aj4 ,?ree ye>s %e grew 9 sun & %[]1 ,!n ,nature said1 8,a loveli] fl[] ,on e>? 0 nev] s[n2 ,?is ,*ild ,i to myself ---- take2 ,%e ---- be m9e1 & ,i ---- make ,a ,lady ( my own4 8,! />s ( midnight ---- be de> ,to h]2 & %e ---- lean h] e> ,9 _m a secret place ,:]e rivulets dance _! wayw>d r\nd1 ,& beauty born ( murmur+ s\nd ---- pass into h] face4 8,& vital feel+s ( delight ---- re> h] =m to /ately height1 ,h] virg9 bosom swell2 ,su* ?\ghts to ,lucy ,i ---- give ,:ile %e & ,i toge!r live ,"h 9 ?is happy dell40 ,,lxi4 ,,defective ,,v]bs4 ,,v]b ,,phrases #bdc4 ,"s v]bs lack "o or m ( _! pr9cipal p>ts4 ,su* v]bs are call$ defective v]bs4 ,a v common defective v]b1 :i* has only "o =m1 is ought4 7,see page #ace47 ,o!r defective v]bs are c1 may1 mu/1 %all1 & w4 ,! pa/ t5se =ms ( ^! v]bs are c\ld1 might1 mu/1 %\ld1 & w\ld1 respectively4 ,no "o ( ^! v]bs is ev] us$ z a pr9cipal v]b1 except w\ld1 z 9 ! famili> expressions1 8,i w\ld ,i 7 a bird10 8,w\ld t he 7 "h60 #bdd4 ,%all & w are us$ z auxili>y v]bs to =m ! future t5ses4 ,c1 c\ld1 may1 might1 mu/1 %\ld1 & w\ld are us$ to =m c]ta9 v useful v]b phrases t are 9 ! pres5t1 ! pa/1 or ! future p]fect t5se1 & 9 ei!r ! indicative or ! subjunctive mode accord+ to _! mean+4 #bde4 ,us+ ^! v]b phrases 9 ! indicative mode we say1-- ,i may g to ,japan4 ,he may h gone home e>ly4 ,i c see sev5 />s4 ,x _c h come yet4 ,we mu/ g e>ly4 ,he mu/ h sold x4 ,y might hurry a little4 ,we might h hurri$4 ,he c\ld n tell a lie4 ,i c\ld h eat5 m4 ,%e w\ld talk 9 *ur*4 ,he w\ld h help$ me4 ,we %\ld honor ! flag4 ,y %\ld h e>n$ x4 ,if we look closely at ! mean+ ( ^! s5t5ces1 & ?9k ( o!rs conta9+ ! same auxili>ies1 we %all conclude 7#a7 t may & might d5ote possibility or p]mission1 7#b7 t c & c\ld d5ote p[] or ability1 7#c7 t mu/ d5otes necessity1 7#d7 t w\ld d5otes det]m9ation1 7#e7 t %\ld d5otes obligation or duty4 ,any "o ( ! v]b phrases j /udi$ may be made int]rogative by transposition2 z1--,may ,i borr[ y\r knife8 #bdf4 ,c & mu/ are us$ only 9 ! indicative mode4 ,us+ may1 might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 & %\ld 9 subjunctive v]b phrases1 we say1-- ,long may x wave6 ,oh1 t he w\ld help6 ,?\gh he might be tell+ ! tru?1 he w\ld n be believ$4 ,if ,i c\ld g ) fa!r1 ,i %\ld be happy4 ,if x %\ld freeze1 we c\ld g skat+4 ,if we look closely at ^! s5t5ces1 we %all see t ! v]bs d5ote 7#a7 a wi%1 7#b7 some?+ contr>y to fact1 7#c7 some?+ unc]ta94 7,see ,lesson ,,lii47 #bdg4 ,! sev5 auxili>ies j /udi$ may be us$ 9 mak+ passive v]b phrases4 ,use ! foll[+ phrases or simil> ones 9 s5t5ces3-- may be brok5 may h be5 tak5 c be cut c h be5 he>d mu/ be paid mu/ h be5 b\ght might be driv5 might h be5 kept c\ld be se5 c\ld h be5 done w\ld be hurt w\ld h be5 /ung %\ld be met %\ld h be5 ?r[n #bdh4 ,o!r v]b phrases 9 v common use 9 spee* are =m$ by means ( ! p>ticiple go+4 ,x is easy to imag9e ! foll[+ conv]sation z really tak+ place4 8,i am go+ to g to ,niag>a ,falls next summ]40 8,:y1 y 7 go+ to g !re la/ summ]4 ,9 fact1 y h be5 go+ to g !re e summ] s9ce ,i h kn[n y40 8,true en\gh4 ,my int5tions are good1 b my purse is light4 ,p]haps ,i %all be go+ to g all my life1 & !n get to heav5 fir/ aft] all40 ,ea* ( ! f\r gr\ps ( italiciz$ words is a v]b phrase d5ot+ an int5tion4 ,make t5 simil> phrases2 z1 am go+ to s+1 0 go+ to eat4 ,notice t go+ does n d5ote ! act ( go+ any:]e to s+ or to eat1 z x does 9 8,i am go+ to ! ,p>k to he> ! b& play10 b only ! purpose or int5tion ( s++ or eat+4 #bdi4 ,j z we d5ote an int5d$ future action by us+ ! ^w go+1 s we (t5 d5ote a cu/om>y pa/ action by a phrase 9 :i* we employ ! v]b us$2 z1 8,%e us$ to we> a little r$ cape10 8,johnson us$ to t\* e f5ce po/ t he pass$40 ,! italiciz$ words %\ld n be sep>at$ "h1 b %\ld be consid]$ z "o gr\p or v]b phrase4 #bej4 ,9 speak+ ( any ( ! v]b phrases describ$ 9 ?is lesson1 we may call !m v]bs2 we decide _! p]son & numb] by _! subject1 _! voice & mode by _! mean+1 & _! t5se by _! =m4 #bea4 ,! v]bs h & d are n always auxili>ies4 ,!y are sometimes pr9cipal v]bs1 & z su* are conjugat$ 9 ! v>i\s ways4 ,:at are ! pr9cipal p>ts ( h8 ( d8 ,conjugate h 9 ! indicative mode2 d 9 ! emphatic =m2 h 9 ! progressive =m2 d 9 ! passive voice1 9 ! ?ird p]son1 s+ul> numb]1 us+ x = ! subject4 #beb4 ,v]bs l ra91 sn[1 hail1 etc41 are sometimes call$ imp]sonal v]bs1 because !y are us$ only 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul> ) ! pron\n x4 ,summ>y4--,a defective v]b is "o t lacks "o or m ( its pr9cipal p>ts4 ,defective v]bs are us$ z auxili>y v]bs4 ,! auxili>ies may1 c1 mu/1 might1 c\ld1 w\ld1 & %\ld are us$ to =m c]ta9 common v]b phrases4 ,^! v]b phrases may be active or passive1 decl>ative or int]rogative1 indicative or subjunctive mode1 pres5t1 pa/1 or pres5t p]fect t5se4 ,go+ is us$ to =m v]b phrases t d5ote a future or int5d$ action4 ,us$ is employ$ to =m v]b phrases t d5ote a cu/om>y pa/ action4 ,h & d may be pr9cipal v]bs z well z auxili>y v]bs4 ,imp]sonal v]bs are us$ only 9 ! ?ird p]son s+ul>1 ) ! neut] pron\n x4 ,ex]cise #a4--,select all ! v]b phrases 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,tell _! voice1 p]son1 numb]1 subject1 & complem5t if !y h any4 #a4 ,:at a bird x mu/ be t c\ld utt] su* wondr\s s\nds6 #b4 ,f "t to "t ! two rabbits w\ld halt1 sit up on _! h9d qu>t]s1 erect _! long1 att5tive e>s1 & glance ab\t w>ily ) _! bulg+ eyes4 #c4 ,! ri* man's son inh]its c>es2 ,! bank may break1 ! factory burn1 ,a brea? may bur/ 8 bubble %>es1 ,& s(t :ite h&s c\ld h>dly e>n ,a liv+ t w\ld s]ve 8 turn4 #d4 ,all ! girls 9 ! class are go+ to we> p9k *ambray dresses1 & "m is go+ to make m9e by h&4 #e4 ,we c g by ! ,nor? ,road1 ! ,s\? ,road1 or ! ,middle ,road4 #f4 ,in/ead ( c&y1 "m us$ to give him sug> 9 a cup1 & !n he w\ld /ret* out on ! sunny door/ep & fe$ 8 sweet cry/als to ! flies4 #g4 ,! ,cottontails 7 n[ sole own]s ( ! holes1 & did n g ne> !m :5 !y c\ld help x1 le/ any?+ l a pa? %\ld be made t might betray _! la/ retreats to an enemy4 #h4 ,if y are go+ to make orange m>malade to-morr[1 y mu/ peel ! oranges ?is ev5+4 #i4 ,i %\ld ?9k t some?+ might be done ab\t cov]+ ! c['s horns2 p]haps !y might be padd$ ) cotton4 #aj4 ,gov]nor ,w9?rop wrote 8 ?ird wife t5d] messages 9 a way t c\ld only h come ( long practice4 #aa4 ,! *ildr5 us$ to /& at ! w9d[ 9 ! twilight1 & wat* ! lights appe> 9 ! h\ses2 & :5 !y _h c\nt$ t51 !y us$ to clap _! h&s1 & say1 8,n[1 "m1 x is "t to light ! lamp40 #ab4 ,on ! usual crisp morn+s ( sug> season ! sn[ at su* an h\r w\ld h borne a cru/ to crackle %>ply "u e foot/ep4 #ac4 ,i _h n told ! horse t ,i 0 go+ to :ip him1 s he 0 tak5 by surprise & />t$ =w>d4 #ad4 ,gr&pa w\ld n be help$ into 8 ov]coat4 ,ex]cise #b4--,select all ! v]b phrases conta9+ any =m ( h or d4 ,tell :e!r ?is =m is us$ z an auxili>y or z a pr9cipal v]b4 #a4 ,%]e ,khan does u great honor4 #b4 ,:oev] has made a voyage up ! ,hudson mu/ rememb] ! ,kaatskill ,m\nta9s4 #c4 ,d y ev] wond] h[ s mu* s9 & wrong & suff]+ c be 9 ,god's _w8 #d4 ,"m nev] =got ! millionaire's daught] :o said t %e did up h] fa!r's %irts4 #e4 ,all ! ,(fal ,c\rt boys _h ?is same h>d "t1 s ,tom suppos$ x 0 ! correct & com=table ?+4 #f4 ,:]e does amb] get its /range1 poetic *>m8 #g4 ,i nev] _h ! pleasure ( meet+ a cr[+ h52 b ,i h kn[n a great _m :i/l+ girls1 & ,i _c recall an in/ance :]e _! ends 7 any worse ?an ^? ( o!r girls4 #h4 ,if ,i c\ld h committ$ suicide )\t kill+ myself1 ,i %\ld c]ta9ly h done s4 #i4 ,%e _h eat5 z _m m\?fuls ( breakfa/ z %e possibly c\ld 9 h] excit$ condition1 _h kiss$ ev]ybody good-by twice ov]1 & n[ ?\ght x 0 "t to be />t+4 #aj4 ,i c't write a composition unless ,i h some?+ to say1 c ,i8 #aa4 ,on ^! h>d1 smoo? roads "o horse w d ! "w ( two4 #ab4 ,i d n feel :olly sure t my ,pussy wrote ^! lett]s h]self4 #ac4 ,! ,boy _h no fe> ( ! undisput$ ,ma/] ( ! ,woods1 ! big black be>4 #ad4 ,d ! duty t lies ne>e/ !e2 ?y second duty w already h become cle>]4 #ae4 ,jakie _h be5 /ol5 f ! ne/ be=e he c\ld fly4 #af4 ,i d wi% t y & y\r fa!r w\ld turn ar\nd directly & come home4 #ag4 ,jane _h _h ! ine/imable advantage ( a sorr[4 #ah4 ,! old bell _h ?+s all its own way up 9 ! /eeple4 #ai4 ,boys always d ! nice spl5did ?+s1 & girls c only d ! na/y dull ones t get left ov]4 #bj4 ,aft] ! tw9s _h _h measles & mumps1 :oop+ c\gh desc5d$ on ! h\sehold4 ,tell ! "p ( spee* & use ( u1 s5t5ce #a1 honor #a1 %irts #d1 same #e1 great #g1 two #aa1 :olly #ab1 h]self #ab1 be> #ac1 cle>] #ad1 fa!r #af1 home #af4 #bec4 ,_m errors are made 9 ! use ( ! auxili>ies may & c1 w\ld & %\ld4 ,we %\ld use may to d5ote p]mission1 lib]ty1 or possibility1 & c to d5ote p[] or ability4 ,ex]cise #a4--,supply ! correct ^w 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces1 & give y\r reason 9 ea* case3-- #a4 ,:at ---- ,i d to help y8 #b4 ,y ---- h a wat* :5 y graduate4 #c4 ,i ---- g by boat1 b x is d\btful4 #d4 ---- y run an automobile8 #e4 ---- we h a s*ool pap]8 #f4 ,d y ?9k t ,i ---- e>n t5 doll>s a week8 #g4 ,fr$1 y ---- op5 ! ea/ w9d[s4 #h4 ,if we walk fa/1 we ---- surely get !re 9 "t4 #i4 ,we ---- get !re 9 "t1 b we %all h to hurry4 ,make ?ree good s5t5ces conta9+ may & ?ree conta9+ c4 ,w\ld is us$ to d5ote1-- 7#a7 ,det]m9ation2 z1 8,alb]t w\ld leave s*ool40 7#b7 ,incl9ation2 z1 8,i w\ld read m if ,i c\ld40 7#c7 ,cu/om>y pa/ action2 z1 8,we w\ld li/5 to h] songs h\r aft] h\r40 ,%\ld is us$ to d5ote1-- 7#a7 ,simple int5tion2 z1 8,i %\ld come (t5 if y did n live s f>40 7#b7 ,obligation or duty2 z1 8,we %\ld honor our p>5ts40 ,p]haps ^! auxili>ies are (t5e/ misus$ :5 associat$ ) ! v]b l4 ,! expression1 8,i w\ld l to g10 is wrong1 because x means 8,i am incl9$ or det]m9$ to l some?+10 :i* is n good s5se4 ,we %\ld say1-- ,i %\ld l to g ,we %\ld l to g ,y w\ld l to g ,y w\ld l to g ,he w\ld l to g ,!y w\ld l to g ,9 a dep5d5t clause %\ld d5otes m]ely an imag9>y condition1 & w\ld d5otes incl9ation z well z an imag9>y condition4 ,! clauses1 8,if ,i %\ld lose my wat*10 8,if y %\ld lose y\r wat*10 8,if he %\ld lose 8 wat*10 are equival5t to ! pres5t t5se ( ! subjunctive mode1 & d5ote m]ely an imag9>y condition4 ,! clauses1 8,if ,i w\ld /udy h>d]10 8if y w\ld /udy h>d]10 8if he w\ld /udy h>d]10 d5ote an imag9>y condition t may become real accord+ to ! incl9ation ( ! subject4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ! famili> dep5d5t clause 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ce3 8,if x w\ld only sn[1 we c\ld h a sleigh ride80 ,ex]cise #b4--,supply ! correct ^w 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces1 & give y\r reason 9 ea* case3-- #a4 ,y ---- /udy ! text be=e y und]take ! ex]cise4 #b4 ,:at ---- y d ) him1 ,mr4 ,dick8 #c4 ,i ---- wa% him & put him to b$4 #d4 ,nei!r ( ! boys ---- obey me4 #e4 ,z soon z day broke1 ! can>y ---- beg9 to s+4 #f4 ,i ---- l to meet y\r gr&fa!r4 #g4 ,any girl ---- be satisfi$ ) two new hats4 #h4 ,!y ---- all l to come1 ,i am sure4 #i4 ,i ---- n take "o c5t ( 8 money4 #aj4 ,i ---- ?9k t y ---- be glad to "w4 #aa4 ,ea* man ---- keep himself loyal to tru?4 #ab4 ,if ,i ---- tell ! /ory1 ! *ildr5 ---- n be satisfi$4 #ac4 ,if ,i ---- tell !m /ories all day long1 !y ---- n be satisfi$4 ,make five good s5t5ces conta9+ w\ld1 & five conta9+ %\ld4 ,! v]b h got is (t5 misus$ = ! v]b h4 8,i h x0 means 8,i possess x10 :ile 8,i h got x0 means 8,i h procur$ x40 8,i h to g0 means 8,i mu/ g10 :ile 8,i h got to g0 is an incorrect expression4 ,ex]cise #c4--,supply has or h1 has got1 or h got 9 ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & give y\r reason 9 ea* case4 ,use ! negative ^w n1 if necess>y4 #a4 ---- y tickets = ! ent]ta9m5t8 #b4 ,no1 ,i ---- !m yet4 #c4 ,c he buy a f>m if he ---- no money8 #d4 ---- y a *isel1 ,alb]t8 #e4 ,no1 ,i ---- "o1 b ,h]man ---- "o4 #f4 ,at la/ he ---- a position on ! police =ce4 #g4 ,we ---- a fruit f>m & fa!r ---- a new t5ant on x4 #h4 ,we ---- to practice at f\r o'clock4 #i4 ,i c't g to ! football game = ,i ---- to "w ,saturday aft]noons4 #aj4 ,nobody ---- to leave be=e n9e o'clock4 ,:at correct expressions c y sub/itute = has got 9 ! famili> s5t5ce1 8,madge has got to d z ,i say08 ,,lxii4 ,,direct ,,& ,,indirect ,,disc\rse #bed4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1--,ru? said1 8,i l y\r cake10 we h a direct quotation1 ! exact words spok5 by ,ru?4 ,a direct quotation is (t5 call$ direct disc\rse4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1--,ru? said t %e lik$ my cake1 we h an indirect quotation conta9+ ! sub/ance1 or ?\ght1 ( ,ru?'s rem>k1 b n h] exact words4 ,an indirect quotation is (t5 call$ indirect disc\rse4 #bee4 ,9 *ang+ f direct to indirect disc\rse1 we are likely to make a *ange 9 p]sonal pron\ns1 z well z 9 ! t5se ( v]bs4 ,an indirect quotation usually takes ! =m ( a dep5d5t clause beg9n+ ) ! ^w t4 ,if ! v]b ( say+ t usually prec$es an indirect quotation is 9 ! pres5t t5se1 !n ! v]b 9 ! quotation is likely to be 9 ! pres5t or ! future t5se2 b if ! v]b ( say+ is 9 ! pa/ t5se1 !n ! v]b 9 ! quotation is likely to be 9 ! pa/ t5se2 z1 ,fa!r says t he is on ! jury4 ,fa!r said t he 0 on ! jury4 ,c y acc\nt = ! t5se ( ! v]b 9 ! indirect quotation 9 ?is s5t5ce1--,somebody once said t ! p5 is mighti] ?an ! sword8 #bef4 ,:5 a direct quotation conta9+ ! ^w %all is *ang$ to an indirect quotation1 %all is reta9$ if ! v]b ( say+ prec$+ ! quotation is 9 ! pres5t t5se2 b if ?is v]b is 9 ! pa/ t5se1 !n %all is *ang$ to %\ld4 ,9 l mann] w is *ang$ to w\ld2 z1-- ,"m says1 8,i %all be vot+ soon40 ,"m says t %e %all be vot+ soon4 ,"m said t %e %\ld be vot+ soon4 ,"m says1 8,i w make him a pill[40 ,"m says t %e w make him a pill[4 ,"m said t %e w\ld make him a pill[4 #beg4 ,if a direct quotation is a "q1 x becomes an indirect "q :5 *ang$ to indirect disc\rse2 z1-- ,he ask$1 8,:y d y tremble s80 ,he ask$ me :y ,i trembl$ s4 #beh4 ,a comm& may be *ang$ f direct to indirect disc\rse2 z1-- ,*ri/ said1 8,love y\r enemies40 ,*ri/ said t we %\ld love our enemies4 ,ex]cise #a4--;,acc\nt = ! use ( %all1 w1 %\ld1 & w\ld 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,! tea*] said1 8,i %all be pleas$ to g40 #b4 ,! tea*] said t %e %\ld be pleas$ to g4 #c4 ,aunt ,elsie said1 8,i w tell y ! /ory to-morr[40 #d4 ,aunt ,elsie said t %e w\ld tell u ! /ory to-morr[4 #e4 ,! pr9cipal said1 8,y %all h no recess to-day40 #f4 ,! pr9cipal said t we %\ld h no recess to-day4 #g4 ,"m said1 8,y w be late40 #h4 ,"m said t ,i %\ld be late4 #i4 ,! mayor said1 8,! matt] %all be inve/igat$40 #aj4 ,! mayor said t ! matt] %\ld be inve/igat$4 #aa4 ,! director said1 8,! celebration w be on ,tuesday40 #ab4 ,! director said t ! celebration w\ld be on ,tuesday4 #ac4 ,! tea*] said1 8,david & ,h>ry %all n take "p40 #ad4 ,david & ,h>ry1 ! tea*] said t y %\ld n take "p4 #ae4 ,! boys said1 8,david & ,h>ry w be sorry40 #af4 ,david & ,h>ry1 ! boys said t y w\ld be sorry4 ,ex]cise #b4--;,*ange ! foll[+ s5t5ces f direct to indirect disc\rse3-- #a4 ,longfell[ said1 8,life is real1 life is e>ne/40 #b4 ,john wrote1 8,i "k t ,%ep w give y a w>m welcome :5 y come40 #c4 ,! lawy] dem&$1 8,mr4 ,*ri/(f1 :at h y done ) ! company's books80 #d4 ,! ,bible says1 8,give to him t aske?40 #e4 ,patrick ,h5ry ask$1 8,:5 %all we be /rong]80 #f4 ,! eloqu5t speak] said1 8,! decl>ation ( our indep5d5ce w /r5g!n u at home1 & give u "* abroad40 #g4 ,! great orator decl>$1 8,if we fail1 x c be no worse = u4 ,b we %all n fail4 ,! cause w raise up armies40 #h4 ,he admitt$1 8,we may n live to ! "t :5 ?is decl>ation %all be made good40 #i4 ,!n he utt]$ ?is prophecy3 8,?is decl>ation mu/ co/ treasure1 & x may co/ blood2 b x w /&1 & x w ri*ly comp5sate = bo?40 #aj4 ,e li/5] 0 mov$ :5 ! /atesman said1 8,if x be ! pleasure ( ,heav5 t my c\ntry %all require ! poor (f]+ ( my life1 ! victim %all be ready at ! appo9t$ h\r ( sacrifice40 #aa4 ,8 clos+ words 7 ^!3 8,all t ,i h1 & all t ,i am1 & all t ,i hope1 9 ?is life1 ,i am n[ ready "h to /ake ^u x2 & ,i leave (f z ,i began1 t live or die1 survive or p]i%1 ,i am = ! decl>ation40 ,ex]cise #c4--,make ! foll[+ s5t5ces cle> by *ang+ !m f indirect to direct disc\rse3-- #a4 ,! tea*] told ,mrs4 ,gray t h] little girl lo/ ! report %e _h giv5 h]4 #b4 ,j5nie told ,ada t h] "m 0 will+ t %e %\ld g to ! conc]t ) h] & h] bro!r4 #c4 ,b]tr& told ,george t he ought to sell 8 sailboat & buy 8 laun*4 #d4 ,! tea*]s ask$ ! "y m5 :y !y _h made su* a di/urbance 9 ! corridor :5 !y _h =bidd5 !m to congregate !re4 ,,lxiii4 ,,agreem5t ,,( ,,v]b ,,& ,,subject4 ,,collective ,,n\ns #bei4 ,a v]b mu/ agree ) its subject 9 numb]1 & s9ce ! v]b *anges its =m sometimes to d5ote numb]1 we mu/ be c>eful to employ ! correct =m4 ,we %\ld say1 8,! rose is r$1 ! roses are r$2 ! w9d does bl[1 ! w9ds d bl[2 ! bird flies1 ! birds fly40 #bfj4 ,?is agreem5t ( ! subject & ! v]b is a simple matt] 9 ,engli%1 = 9 our language v]bs h ! same =m 9 ! s+ul> & ! plural1 except 9 f\r cases3-- 7#a7 ,! v]b be1 :i* *anges its =m consid]ably to indicate numb]1 9 ! pres5t & pa/ t5ses4 ,see page #abh4 7#b7 ,any v]b 9 ! second p]son conjugat$ 9 ! solemn /yle4 ,see page #abh4 7#c7 ,any v]b 9 ! ?ird p]son ( ! pres5t t5se1 indicative mode2 z1 he speaks1 !y speak4 7#d7 ,any v]b 9 ! ?ird p]son ( ! pres5t p]fect indicative2 z1 he has spok51 !y h spok54 #bfa4 ,z don't is a contraction ( d n1 x %\ld be us$ only ) a plural subject1 or ) ! s+ul> pron\ns ,i & y4 ,we say1 8,i don't "k10 8,y don't "k10 8,!y don't "k10 b 8,he doesn't "k10 8,%e doesn't "k10 8,x doesn't come40 #bfb4 ,a comp\nd subject compos$ ( two or m s+ul> n\ns %\ld h a plural v]b :5 ! p>ts are jo9$ by any conjunction b or or nor4 ,we say1 8,ei!r ,john or ,byron is h] c\s910 & 8,bo? ,john & ,joe are h] c\s9s40 ,:5 two s+ul> subjects ref] to "o p]son1 ! v]b1 ( c\rse1 %\ld be s+ul>4 ,we say1 8,! secret>y & treasur] 0 abs5t40 #bfc4 ,:5 a s+ul> n\n is modifi$ by ! limit+ adjective ea*1 e1 ei!r1 nei!r1 any1 or no1 & us$ z subject ( a clause1 its v]b mu/ be s+ul>2 z1 8,ea* fl[] is a ?+ ( beauty10 8,no man lives b loves some?+40 ,9 decl>ative s5t5ces ?is rule is n likely to be violat$1 b x is (t5 violat$ 9 int]rogative s5t5ces1 :]e ! v]b prec$es ! subject4 ,we %\ld say1 8,has ei!r book be5 return$80 8,is ei!r ( y will+ to /ay80 8,0 nei!r ( ! speak]s on "t80 #bfd4 ,!re is a class ( n\ns l flock1 army1 h]d1 company1 :i* mean a collection ( individuals1 & s seem to be plural2 b s9ce ! individuals =m+ ! collection are ?\ght ( z "o body1 ^! n\ns are 9 reality s+ul>4 ,!y are collective n\ns4 #bfe4 ,! v]b ( :i* a collective n\n is subject is a s+ul> v]b1 & ! pron\n t /&s = a collective n\n is ! neut] s+ul> pron\n x4 ,we say1 8,! company is on its way to ! ,philipp9es40 ,,note4--,:5 a collective n\n is plural 9 mean+1 t is1 :5 ! individuals are ?\ght ( z act+ sep>ately1 x takes a plural v]b2 z1 8,! faculty are n go+ to tr\ble _! heads ab\t ! k9d ( %oes we we>40 ,summ>y4--,a v]b mu/ agree ) its subject 9 p]son & 9 numb]4 ,a collective n\n is "o t names a gr\p ( individuals consid]$ z "o body4 ,a collective n\n is usually s+ul> & neut]4 ,ex]cise #a4--;,if y d n already "k1 f9d out f ! diction>y to :at sort ( individuals ea* ( ^! collective n\ns is appli$4 bevy *oir committee con/ellation covey crew drove family fleet flock gang hive horde jury mob or*e/ra regim5t sw>m tribe troop ,ex]cise #b4--;,f9d all ! collective n\ns 9 ^! s5t5ces4 ,f9d evid5ce z to :e!r !y are s+ul> or plural4 ,if !y are plural1 tell :y4 ,give ! reason = ! numb] ( ea* v]b4 #a4 ,=ty wolves make a v fair pack inde$4 #b4 ,at ! edge ( ! ?icket 0 a /raggl+ colony ( l[ blueb]ry bu%es4 #c4 ,"h1 9 c\rse ( days1 !re accumulat$ a %9+ clu/] ( six l>ge :ite eggs4 #d4 ,at la/ c\s9 ,eb5 came ) a d\ble sleigh & ! team ( pranc+ grays1 & !n ! :ole family 0 (f = ,*ri/mas d9n] at ,aunt ,m>y's4 #e4 ,has ei!r ( ! critics ev] he>d ! new organ8 #f4 ,no man 9 8 s5ses takes su* a risk4 #g4 ,a s*ool ( porpoises 7 duck+ & te>+ ?r\gh ! wat]4 #h4 ,?r\gh ! anci5t =e/1 :i* 0 a mix$ gr[? ( c$>1 wat] a%1 black popl>1 & maple1 ) "h & !re a gr\p ( hemlocks on a knoll1 ! light dra9$ d[n confus$ly4 #i4 ,! op9ions ( ?is junto 7 completely controll$ by ,ni*olas ,v$d]4 #aj4 ,is ei!r ( y go+ up ! riv] 9 ! h\seboat8 #aa4 ,?is b& ( cr[s numb]$ ab\t two hundr$4 #ab4 ,ea* ye> ! old cr[ came ) 8 troop1 & = ab\t six weeks took up 8 abode on ! hill4 #ac4 ,"h & !re a b& ( *imney sweeps 7 />+ 9 /upid wond] at ! miracle ( a %[man's box4 #ad4 ,butl] tells ( an ,indian tribe 9 ! ,f> ,nor? t 0 all b ext]m9at$ by a feud ov] a dog4 #ae4 ,on a level spot 0 a company ( odd-look+ p]sonages play+ at n9ep9s4 #af4 ,e ^w on 8 pap]s 0 correctly spell$4 #ag4 ,! re/ ( ! horses swept dutifully into l9e1 & ! h]d 0 (f4 ,,lxiv4 ,,review ,,( ,,v]bs3 ,,p>s+ #bff4 ,/udy aga9 ,lessons ,,xxiii-,,xxvii1 ,,xlix-,,lxiii4 ,make an outl9e ( v]bs1 hav+ ! foll[+ ma9 topics3-- 7#a7 ,classification4 7#b7 ,prop]ties4 7#c7 ,conjugation4 7#d7 ,pr9cipal ,p>ts4 7#e7 ,auxili>ies4 7#f7 ,agreem5t4 ,fill 9 ! subtopics & recite 9 detail f y\r outl9e ) illu/rations ( e po9t4 ,ex]cise4--,p>se ! v]bs 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces accord+ to ! outl9e on p4 #aej3-- #a4 ,if y h a ,hall[e5 p>ty1 %all y invite ! ,crom]s8 #b4 ,at fir/ ! *emi/ said he c\ldn't d any?+ ab\t x2 b :5 ,agamemnon said !y w\ld pay 9 gold if he w\ld only g1 he pack$ up 8 bottles 9 a lea!r case1 & w5t back ) ! ,pet]k9s4 #c4 ,fai?'s j\rneys end is welcome to ! we>y1 ,& heav51 ! he>t's true home1 w come at la/4 #d4 ,we are go+ to h a tile well1 & ,mr4 ,jones is go+ to ov]see ! m5 :o dig x4 #e4 ,?is wood*uck 0 nei!r h&some nor int]e/+1 b he knew h[ to take c>e ( himself4 #f4 ,%eep are usually kept 9 flocks ( f "o ?\s& to ?ree ?\s& "u "o or m %eph]ds4 #g4 ,rabbits telegraph ea* o!r by ?ump+ on ! gr\nd ) _! h9d feet4 #h4 ,lady ,moon1 ,lady ,moon1 :]e are y rov+8 #i4 ,brea/ ! wave1 ,*ri/ian1 :5 x is /ronge/4 ,wat* = day1 ,*ri/ian1 :5 ! night's longe/4 #aj4 ,ev5 s did m5 talk r\nd ! k+'s cages at ,oodeypore4 #aa4 ,y\r ,uncle ,na?an & ,i us$ to be call$ ! bo!r+ ,bodleys1 because we 7 always teas+ to f9d out some?+4 #ab4 ,! ,pet]k9s _h be5 s busy inside ! h\se t !y _h n notic$ ! ceas+ ( ! /orm outside4 #ac4 ,= ?\1 ,"l1 wilt give ?y bless+ unto ! righte\s1 & ) ?y favorable k9dness wilt ?\ def5d him z ) a %ield4 #ad4 ,my fa!r's1 l e o!r "y ladies' s*ool ne> a village1 0 v mu* di/urb$ by ! att5tions ( ! village "y m54 #ae4 ,if any man h a hundr$ %eep1 & "o ( !m be gone a/ray1 do? he n leave ! n9ety & n9e & g into ! m\nta9s & seek t :i* goe? a/ray8 #af4 ,!y 7 sitt+ r\nd ! breakfa/ table & wond]+ :at !y %\ld d because ! lady f ,philadelphia _h gone away4 ,,lxv4 ,,classification ,,( ,,adv]bs4 ,,simple ,,adv]bs #bfg4 ,9 ,lesson ,x x 0 %[n t an adv]b modifies a v]b1 an adjective1 or ano!r adv]b4 ,select ! adv]bs 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & tell :at words !y modify3-- ,we proce$$ ?r\gh a tract ( c\ntry excessively wild & desolate4 ,p ) lant]ns ru%$ hi!r & ?i!r4 ,john knew t he c\ld sp5d a day v pleasantly 9 go+ ov] to t pa/ure4 ,all ! adv]bs 9 ^! s5t5ces are call$ simple adv]bs because !y h b "o (fice 9 ! s5t5ce1--!y m]ely modify ! ^w !y g )4 #bfh4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,p]haps my pony c c>ry ! load10 ! ^w p]haps tells no?+ :atev] ab\t ! action ( c>ry+1 b r s]ves to make ! :ole /atem5t d\btful4 ,su* a ^w is said to modify ! :ole s5t5ce4 ,"s o!r adv]bs us$ 9 ?is way are c]ta9ly1 inde$1 =tunately1 & n4 ,! common use ( ! adv]b n is to *ange an affirmative /atem5t to a negative /atem5t1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,i w n we> my he>t ^u my sleeve40 #bfi4 ,! simple adv]bs1 :51 :]e1 :y1 h[1 :5ce1 :i!r1 are us$ 9 ask+ que/ions2 z1 8,:5 %all we be /rong]80 8,:y d y answ] me s80 ,su* adv]bs modify ! :ole pr$icate4 ,!y are call$ int]rogative adv]bs4 ,,note4--,! is sometimes us$ z an adv]b be=e comp>atives2 z1 8,! m y h1 ! m y want40 #bgj4 ,:5 ! mean+ p]mits1 adv]bs may be comp>$ 9 ! same mann] z adjectives2 z1 fa/1 fa/]1 fa/e/2 pleasantly1 m pleasantly1 mo/ pleasantly2 =tunately1 less =tunately1 lea/ =tunately4 ,summ>y4--,a simple adv]b is "o t m]ely modifies ! ^w or ! gr\p ( words t x goes )4 ,"s simple adv]bs1 l n1 p]haps1 c]ta9ly1 modify ! :ole s5t5ce4 ,an int]rogative adv]b is a simple adv]b t is us$ 9 ask+ a "q4 ,"s adv]bs may be comp>$4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! simple adv]bs 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & tell :at ea* modifies4 ,9 s f> z y c1 tell :at ea* adv]b d5otes4 7,see ,lesson ,x47 #a4 ,h[ ! huge break]s foam & fret6 #b4 ,p liv+ by ! sea are always m or less sup]/iti\s4 #c4 ,no "o c "w well )\t sleep4 #d4 ,:5ce came t bless$ "m love1 s /rong1 s dauntless1 s pure1 & :i!r has x fl$8 #e4 ,:]e _h ! /one be5 be=e8 ,:y did x come !re8 ,:5 w\ld x g away8 #f4 ,heav5 is n rea*$ at a s+le b\nd4 #g4 ,luckily1 poor ,pepp] 0 n s]i\sly hurt4 #h4 ,mean:ile ,mrs4 ,pet]k9 0 gett+ q impati5t = h] c(fee4 #i4 ,h[ d y l to g up 9 a sw+1 up 9 ! air s blue8 #aj4 ,:y %\ld "o hurry :5 days are long & calm & sweet8 #aa4 ,y may lead a horse to wat]1 b y _c make him dr9k4 #ab4 ,pres5tly a huge black be> pok$ 8 nose out ( ! bu%es1 & sniff$ inquir+ly4 #ac4 ,h[ quickly we le>n to claim z our own t 9 :i* we delight6 ,,lxvi4 ,,conjunctive ,,adv]bs #bga4 ,9 ,lesson ,,xx we le>n$ t a dep5d5t clause is "o t does n make s5se :5 /&+ alone2 also t su* a clause sometimes has ! (fice ( an adv]b1 modify+ a pr$icate1 & sometimes t ( an adjective1 modify+ a n\n4 ,x is1 !re=e1 call$ an adv]bial clause or an adjective clause4 ,select & classify ! dep5d5t clauses 9 ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- 7a7 ,old ,/ony ,phiz set out on a visit to ! valley :]e he 0 born4 7b7 ,:5 ,i fir/ came to ,riv]m\?1 ,i look$ ^u girls z r tame company4 #bgb4 ,a dep5d5t clause is usually introduc$ by "s ^w :i* indicates t x is a dep5d5t clause4 ,9 ! clause :]e he 0 born1 ?is introductory ^w is :]e4 ,:at is ! introductory ^w 9 ! clause 9 s5t5ce 7b78 ,?is introductory ^w does m ?an introduce ! clause2 x jo9s ! clause to ! ^w ! clause modifies4 ,:at does :]e jo9 9 7a78 ,:at does ! introductory ^w 9 7b7 jo98 ,b ^! words d m ?an jo94 ,:]e d5otes place1 & modifies ! v]b 0 born4 ,h5ce x is an adv]b4 ,:at does :5 d5ote8 ,:at does x modify8 ,s9ce ^! words h two uses1 t ( an adv]b & t ( a jo9+ ^w1 we call !m conjunctive adv]bs4 ,summ>y4--,a conjunctive adv]b is "o t introduces a clause1 modifies "s "p ( ! clause1 g5]ally ! pr$icate1 & jo9s ! clause to t "p ( ! s5t5ce :i* ! clause modifies4 ,"s common conjunctive adv]bs are :51 :]e1 :5ce1 :5ev]1 :]ev]1 :ile1 :y1 h[4 7,see note1 p4 #agg47 ,an adv]bial clause is a dep5d5t clause t is us$ l an adv]b4 ,an adjective clause is a dep5d5t clause t is us$ l an adjective4 ,bo? ! adjective & ! adv]bial clause may be introduc$ by a conjunctive adv]b4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! conjunctive adv]bs 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,tell :at clause !y introduce1 :at !y jo91 :at !y d5ote1 & :at !y modify4 #a4 ,:5 8 eyes got comm& ( ! dusk1 he saw to 8 surprise t ! d5 0 empty4 #b4 ,mr4 ,ga!rgold be?\ght himself ( 8 native valley1 & resolv$ to g back ?i!r1 & end 8 days :]e he 0 born4 #c4 ,! canals 9 ,am/]dam are cross$ by a great _m drawbridges1 & ! p mu/ sometimes wait :ile a %ip or b>ge is pass+4 #d4 ,our lun* 0 only bread & tea & blueb]ries & cream1 b d y rememb] h[ delici\s x ta/$ t day :5 y came home f ! circus z tir$ z a dog & z hungry z a be>8 #e4 ,:5ev] ,i cross ! riv] ,on its bridge ) wood5 pi]s1 ,l ! odor ( br9e f ! ocean1 ,comes ! ?\ght ( o!r ye>s4 #f4 ,! reason :y m5 succe$ :o m9d _! own bus9ess is because !re is s little competition4 #g4 ,! frugal snail1 ) =eca/ ( repose1 ,c>ries 8 h\se ) him :]e'er he goes4 #h4 ,:5 all ! trees 9 ! =e/ h ! same numb] ( leaves1 !n w all m5 be alike 9 _! p[] & skill4 #i4 ,:ile ! brea?'s 9 8 m\?1 he mu/ be> )\t fail1 ,9 ! "n ( ! ,empress ! ,ov]l& ,mail4 #aj4 ,:]e'er our foot/eps range1 ,comes ! *ill+ brea? ( *ange1 ,& ! be/ ( fri5ds look /range ,:5 ! purse is l[4 #aa4 ,! reason :y m5 d n obey u is because !y see ! mud at ! bottom ( our eye4 #ab4 ,s %ut y\r eyes :ile "m s+s ,( wond]ful sights t be4 #ac4 ,*ip answ]$ me ) a *e]y little note or two :5ev] ,i spoke to him4 #ad4 ,my he>t leaps up :5 ,i behold ,a ra9b[ 9 ! sky4 ,,lxvii4 ,,summ>y ,,( ,,adv]bs #bgc4 ,we h le>n$1-- 7#a7 ,t adv]bs may be simple adv]bs or conjunctive adv]bs4 7#b7 ,t simple adv]bs m]ely modify "s ^w or gr\p ( words4 7#c7 ,t conjunctive adv]bs modify1 & at ! same "t introduce a dep5d5t clause & jo9 x to :atev] ! clause modifies4 7#d7 ,t "o k9d ( simple adv]b is ! int]rogative adv]b1 :i* is us$ 9 ask+ a "q4 7#e7 ,t an adv]b may modify a v]b1 an adjective1 an adv]b1 a :ole pr$icate1 or ev5 a :ole /atem5t4 7#f7 ,t adv]bs may d5ote "t1 place1 mann]1 degree1 & direction4 7#g7 ,t "s adv]bs may be comp>$4 ,give a good illu/ration ( ea* po9t 9 ?is summ>y4 #bgd4 ,:5 we p>se an adv]b we %\ld tell1-- 7#a7 ,its class z to use1--simple1 int]rogative1 conjunctive4 7#b7 ,its class z to mean+1--"t1 place1 mann]1 etc4 7#c7 ,its degree 7if x admits ( comp>ison74 7#d7 ,its use1 & :at x modifies4 ,ex]cise4--,p>se ea* adv]b 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,virtue & intellig5ce w lead our c\ntry ev] onw>d 9 h] happy c>e]4 #b4 ,oh1 :y %\ld ! _s ( mortal be pr\d8 #c4 ,! man 9 ! moon came d[n too soon4 #d4 ,=tunately1 :at seem$ to be a b>rel ( apples turn$ out to be an electric lamp4 #e4 ,! old horse c>s rock$ along sc>cely fa/] ?an we c\ld walk4 #f4 ,calmly ,i await ! h\r :5 ! summons comes = me4 #g4 ,some:]e ! birds are s++ ev]more4 #h4 ,i w lock ! door mo/ will+ly1 b ,i w n cov] ! bird4 #i4 ,probably ,frank 0 mightily reliev$ :5 he saw ! mayor's automobile4 #aj4 ,our side made a rem>kably good score4 #aa4 ,:]e %all we sit 9 ! new *ur*8 ,,lxviii4 ,,co,,rd9ate ,,conjunctions #bge4 ,we h le>n$ t su* words z &1 b1 & or are conjunctions4 ,_! use is m]ely to jo91 & !y may jo9 ei!r words1 phrases1 or clauses4 ,s9ce !y jo9 l elem5ts1--a ^w to a ^w1 a phrase to a phrase1 a clause to a clause1 a s5t5ce to a s5t5ce1 we call !m cord9ate conjunctions4 #bgf4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,ei!r ! well 0 v deep or %e fell v sl[ly10 ! cord9ate conjunction or1 :i* jo9s two s5t5ces1 is prec$$ by ! ^w ei!r1 :i* h9ts t or is com+4 ,:5 ei!r & or are us$ 9 ?is way1 !y are call$ correlatives2 t is1 !y are words relat$ to ea* o!r4 ,o!r correlatives are nei!r1 nor2 n only1 b2 bo?1 &4 ,x is always ! second ^w ( ^! pairs t does ! jo9+4 ,! fir/ m]ely tells ! li/5] or read] :at sort ( s5t5ce is to foll[4 ,,note4--,frequ5tly a cord9ate conjunction has ano!r ^w go+ ) x to *ange or emphasize its mean+4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,he is ri* & yet he is n g5]\s10 ! ^w yet go+ ) & *anges its mean+ to b4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,he is poor1 b /ill he is g5]\s10 ! ^w /ill re9=ces ! mean+ ( b4 ,su* a ^w associat$ ) a conjunction may be said to be a "p ( ! conjunction1 t is1 ! two words toge!r d ! jo9+4 ,9 ! same way ! two words n only =m ! correlative ( b or b also2 z1 8,he is n only a tea*] b also a /ud5t40 ,:at does b also jo9 "h8 ,summ>y4--,a cord9ate conjunction is "o t jo9s l elem5ts4 ,x is sometimes m ?an "o ^w4 ,correlative cord9ate conjunctions are pairs ( words1 ! second ( :i* does ! jo9+4 ,ex]cise4--,:5 we p>se a cord9ate conjunction we tell its class & :at x jo9s4 ,if x has a correlative1 we /ate t fact4 ,p>se ! cord9ate conjunctions 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,! writ] :o pr(esses to c>e no?+ = fame is probably deceiv+ himself1 or else 8 liv] is out ( ord]4 #b4 ,ev]ybody took a holiday1 & high & l[1 ri* & poor1 fea/$ & danc$ & sang1 & got v mell[4 #c4 ,!re 0 nei!r du/ nor mud nor noise to annoy "o4 #d4 ,! mahogany arm *air is v h&some1 & ! gre5 plu% rock] is v com=table1 b /ill ,i *oose ?is little *air ) ! fl[]s pa9t$ on ! back1 t "m gave to me :5 ,i 0 only five4 #e4 ,on its s\!rn side is an elevat$ walk1 or t]race1 v broad & h&some1 & ab\t half a mile long4 ,,note4--,9 ! prec$+ s5t5ce1 try to discov] "u :at circum/ances an appositive is jo9$ to ! ^w x expla9s by or4 ,notice ! punctuation4 ,make o!r s5t5ces illu/rat+ ?is use ( or4 #f4 ,! road to ,p>adise is r\gh & ?orny4 #g4 ,8 *ief amusem5ts 7 gunn+ & fi%+1 or saunt]+ along ! bea* & ?r\gh ! myrtles4 #h4 ,nei!r h>e nor gr\se 0 /irr+ 9 ! bru%y op5s4 #i4 ,y "k ,m>y always bangs ?+s :5 %e is cross1 b ,i nev] c\ld see :at good x does4 #aj4 ,:5 ! two *ildr5 w5t d[n to ! riv] to play1 !y n only disobey$ _! mo!rs1 b !y also ran away f s*ool4 #aa4 ,i nev] look$ ei!r neat or clean1 ?\gh ,i _h my daily ba? & a g5]\s all[ance ( clo!s4 #ab4 ,ov] ! tree tops & f ! op5 spaces 9 ! wood c\ld be se5 ! fir/ pallor ( approa*+ day4 #ac4 ,9 deep sn[ ! moose c nei!r flee nor fight4 #ad4 ,!y always put ,mammy ,tittleback 9 ! c>riage too2 b be=e !y _h c>ri$ h] f>1 %e g5]ally jump$ out1 & walk$ ! re/ ( ! way by _! side4 #ae4 ,^! ,spani>ds wi%$ to build %ips & to get away2 b !y _h nei!r k nor tools nor iron nor =ge nor t[ nor res9 nor rigg+4 #af4 ,he praye? be/ :o love? be/ ,all ?+s bo? great & small4 ,tell ! "p ( spee* & use ( himself1 s5t5ce #a1 high1 l[ #b1 mell[ #b1 :5 #d1 neat #aa1 all[ance #aa1 pallor #ab4 ,,lxix4 ,,subord9ate ,,conjunctions #bgg4 ,we h le>n$ t a dep5d5t clause is (t5 us$ z an adv]b to modify a pr$icate4 ,:5 s us$1 x is jo9$ to ! pr$icate x modifies by "s connect+ ^w4 ,sometimes ?is connect+ ^w is a conjunctive adv]b1 z 0 po9t$ out 9 ,lesson ,,lxvi1 b m (t5 x is "s o!r ^w1 z 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- ,%eep are su* s5seless creatures t !y are liable to be /amp$$ by ! v]ie/ trifle4 ,y _c cat* a muskrat unless y put t> on 8 nose4 ,i love h5s because !y are su* good mo!rs4 ,:at is ! dep5d5t clause 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces8 ,:at does x modify8 ,:at ^w jo9s x to t "p ( ! s5t5ce :i* x modifies8 ,^! connect+ words1--t1 unless1 & because1--are n adv]bs1 = !y d n modify any ^w4 ,!y m]ely connect1 h5ce !y are conjunctions4 ,s9ce !y connect elem5ts n alike1 n equal 9 rank1 !y are call$ subord9ate conjunctions4 #bgh4 ,!re are _m subord9ate conjunctions4 ,! mo/ common are aft]1 al?\gh1 z1 because1 be=e1 =1 if1 9 ord] t1 le/1 provid$1 s9ce1 s t1 ?an1 t1 ?\gh1 till1 & unless4 ,,note4--,!re is little di/9ction betwe5 ! subord9ate conjunction & ! conjunctive adv]b4 ,bo? connect a dep5d5t to a pr9cipal clause2 & "s subord9ate conjunctions1 l conjunctive adv]bs1 express "t1 cause1 or mann]1 etc4 ,= ?is reason1 z1 aft]1 be=e1 s9ce1 till1 etc4 are includ$ by "s au?ors among conjunctive adv]bs4 ,comp>e1 8,i came :5 y call$ me0 ) 8,i came be=e y call$ me40 ,summ>y4--,a subord9ate conjunction is "o t introduces a dep5d5t clause1 & jo9s x to t "p ( ! s5t5ce :i* x modifies4 ,ex]cise4--,p>se ! conjunctions 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,tell _! class & :at !y jo94 #a4 ,! f\r cubs1 runn+ d[n hill on _! bellies1 melt$ into ! ?orn & und]bru% z a mole melts into a lawn4 #b4 ,boys w d any am\nt ( "w provid$ x is call$ play4 #c4 ,! great horn$ owl /ood s erect & motionless t he seem$ a portion ( ! p9e trunk itself4 #d4 ,s9ce ! maples 7 cut d[n1 ! elms h fl\ri%$4 #e4 ,&roclus _h n la9 long quiet 9 ! cav]n1 be=e he he>d a dreadful noise1 :i* seem$ to be ! ro> ( "s wild bea/1 & t]rifi$ him v mu*4 #f4 ,h>ry laugh$ till ! te>s ran d[n 8 *eeks4 #g4 ,unless y h sat on a /one f5ce & beat5 russet apples s(t on its h>d top1 y h miss$ "o ( ! greate/ delicacies t ! or*>d gives4 #h4 ,i lik$ ! doctor v mu*1 = he w\ld let me drive ar\nd ) him1 & hold 8 horse :ile he made 8 pr(essional calls4 #i4 ,fa/ ! ivy /eale? on1 ?\gh he we>s no w+s4 #aj4 ,ev5 aft] ! invitations 7 s5t out1 x seem$ to ,dolly t ! p>ty day w\ld nev] come4 #aa4 ,! %awl doll 0 my favorite because x 0 m ne>ly ! size ( a real baby4 #ab4 ,! two "y ,crat*its cramm$ spoons into _! m\?s le/ !y %\ld %riek = goose be=e _! turn came to be help$4 #ac4 ,a man w\ld laugh if y told him t he _h nev] really se5 a burdock4 ,select all ! v]bs 9 ! s5t5ces above4 ,classify !m z transitive or intransitive4 ,tell _! voice1 mode1 & t5se4 #bgi4 ,"s words may be us$ z conjunctions1 z prepositions1 or z adv]bs4 ,aft]4 ,conj4--,i came aft] y call$ me ! second "t4 ,adv4--,we look be=e & aft]1 & p9e = :at is n4 ,prep4--,let u walk to ! lake aft] s*ool4 ,be=e4 ,conj4--,! roo/]s woke me be=e ! sun rose4 ,adv4--,!y _h nev] se5 m\nta9s be=e4 ,prep4--,9 w9t] we get up be=e daylight4 ,b4 ,conj4--,i am weak1 b ,?\ art mighty4 ,prep4--,he reli%es no fruit b apples4 ,adv4--,we c b die4 ,else4 ,conj4--,y mu/ tell ! tru?1 else y w n be tru/$4 ,adv4--,h[ else c we get to ,b]l98 ,adv4--,:]e else %all ,i look = y\r glasses8 ,,note4--,:at "p ( spee* is else 9 ! s5t5ces1 8,:at else c ,i d = y80 8,:o else 0 !re80 ,=4 ,conj4--,"w = ! night is com+4 ,prep4--,! fai?ful slave di$ = 8 "y ma/]4 ,h5ce4 ,conj4--,smoke is com+ out ( ! *imney1 h5ce ! h\se mu/ be occupi$4 ,adv4--,let me g h5ce & be no m se54 ,only4 ,conj4--,i %\ld be glad to g1 only ,i h no?+ to we>4 ,adv4--,i made ! cake2 "m only bak$ x4 ,,note4--,:at "p ( spee* is only 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,grace is an only *ild08 ,s9ce4 ,conj4--,i h be5 happy s9ce y became my fri5d4 ,prep4--,prices h nev] gone d[n s9ce ! w>4 ,adv4--,"o day ! dog disappe>$1 & he has nev] be5 he>d ( s9ce4 ,s4 ,conj4--,! baby monopoliz$ h] "t1 s %e )drew f ! club4 ,adv4--,don't speak s l\d1 ,c>ol9e4 ,till or ,until4 ,conj4--,t>ry ?\ till ,i come4 ,prep4--,we "w h>d until noon4 ,yet4 ,conj4--,%e speaks mu*1 yet %e says v little4 ,adv4--,has ! case be5 settl$ yet8 ,expla9 ! use ( ea* italiciz$ ^w 9 ! s5t5ces above4 #bhj4 ,:5 we p>se a preposition1 we tell 7#a7 :at phrase x introduces1 & 7#b7 :at words x %[s a relation betwe52 ?us1 8,9 ! s5t5ce1 #8,i br+ y tid+s ( great joy1' ! preposition ( introduces ! adjective phrase ( great joy1 & %[s a relation betwe5 its object great joy & ! n\n tid+s40 ,ex]cise4--,p>se all ! conjunctions1 adv]bs1 & prepositions 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,rog] ,conant came ov] f ,engl& be=e #afcj4 #b4 ,we _h a cold spell 9 ,april1 s ! pea* crop is small4 #c4 ,our flag 0 /ill !re4 #d4 ,! b>n 0 /rongly built1 s x 0 made ov] into a good h\se4 #e4 ,ours is a gov]nm5t ( ! p1 = ! p1 & by ! p4 #f4 ,look be=e y leap4 #g4 ,ye>s h pass$ s9ce anybody rememb]$ my bir?day4 #h4 ,! poet saw ! daffodils beside ! lake4 #i4 ,aft] ! boy arriv$ 9 ,ri*mond1 he slept "u a sidewalk4 #aj4 ,did anybody besides ,rufus g ) y to ,janesville8 #aa4 ,mr4 ,micawb] w\ld pay 8 debts if some?+ w\ld only turn up4 #ab4 ,jill came tumbl+ aft]4 #ac4 ,! turkey 0 /eam$ fir/1 else x w\ld n h be5 s t5d]4 #ad4 ,! f]n has gr[n fa/ s9ce ,ea/]4 #ae4 ,i c't pa9t well if y look ov] my %\ld]4 #af4 ,!re is no?+ to brea! b air4 #ag4 ,wait till ! cl\ds roll by4 #ah4 ,disappo9tm5ts w surely come1 yet !y ne$ n cru% u4 #ai4 ,i w g be=e ! k+4 #bj4 ,did y make y\r w be=e y w5t r\nd ! _w8 ,,lxx4 ,,adv]bial ,,clauses ,,( ,,"t1 ,,place1 ,,& ,,mann] #bha4 ,adv]bial clauses are us$ 9 _m diff]5t relations4 ,frequ5tly !y d5ote ! "t :5 an action is p]=m$2 z1 8,:5 ! pie 0 op5$1 ! birds began to s+40 ,"h ! clause tells :5 ! birds began to s+1 & h5ce modifies ! pr$icate4 ,x is jo9$ to began to s+ by ! conjunctive adv]b :54 ,a subord9ate connective does n h to come betwe5 ! elem5ts t x jo9s4 ,?is enables u to put a dep5d5t clause at ! beg9n+ ( a s5t5ce4 ,:at is ! advantage ( su* an arrangem5t8 ,an adv]bial clause ( "t answ]s su* que/ions z :58 h[ (t58 h[ long8 ,x is jo9$ to :at x modifies by ! conjunctive adv]bs :51 :ile1 :5ev]1 or by ! subord9at+ conjunctions be=e1 aft]1 till1 until1 s9ce1 z4 ,sometimes1 if ! connective is :51 & ! clause comes fir/1 we beg9 ! pr9cipal proposition ) ! simple adv]b !n1 :i* we call a correlative ( :54 ,illu/rate ?is4 #bhb4 ,! adv]bial clause may be us$ to tell ! place :]e "s action is p]=m$2 z1 8,! maid is /&+ ) reluctant feet :]e ! brook & riv] meet40 ,"h ! clause tells :]e ! maid is /&+1 & is jo9$ to is /&+ by ! conjunctive adv]b :]e4 ,an adv]bial clause ( place answ]s su* que/ions z 9 :at place8 to :at place8 f :at place8 ,x is introduc$ by ! conjunctive adv]bs :]e1 :5ce1 :i!r1 :]ev]4 ,sometimes !re is us$ 9 ! pr9cipal proposition z a correlative ( :]e 9 ! clause4 ,:i* ( ^! correlatives is ! connective8 #bhc4 ,frequ5tly ! mann] ( an action1 ! way 9 :i* x 0 p]=m$1 is told by an adv]bial clause2 z1 8,n z ! conqu]or comes1 !y ! true-he>t$ came40 ,:at is ! clause "h8 ,:at does x tell8 ,:at does x modify8 ,:at is ! connective8 ,:at is ! use ( n8 ,a clause ( mann] answ]s ! "q 9 :at way8 ,x is jo9$ to :at x modifies by ! subord9ate conjunction z1 z if1 or z ?\gh4 ,! simple adv]b s may be us$ z a correlative ( z4 #bhd4 ,! ^w l is nev] a subord9ate conjunction1 h5ce x _c prop]ly be us$ = z or z if4 ,we %\ld say1 8,walk z 7n l7 ,i d20 8,%e walks z if %e 7 tir$ 7n l %e 0 tir$740 ,l may be us$ z a preposition to introduce a phrase2 z1 8,elizabe? walks l him40 ,ex]cise #a4--;,fill ! blank 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces ) ! prop] ^w1 & expla9 y\r *oice3-- #a4 ,m>y s+s ---- a bird4 #b4 ,x looks ---- x w\ld ra94 #c4 ,! man speaks ---- he knew 8 subject4 #d4 ,m>* came 9 ---- a lion4 #e4 ,y knit j ---- my gr&mo!r does4 #f4 ,! *ildr5 ate ---- !y 7 hungry4 #g4 ,c y dance ---- ! gypsies d8 #h4 ,plant ! se$s exactly ---- ,i told y to4 ,summ>y4--,an adv]bial clause ( "t tells :5 a condition exi/s1 or :5 an action 0 p]=m$4 ,an adv]bial clause ( place tells :]e a condition exi/s1 or :]e an action 0 p]=m$4 ,an adv]bial clause ( mann] tells 9 :at way some?+ 0 done4 ,! connectives :51 :]e1 & z are sometimes accompani$ by ! correlatives !n1 !re1 & s respectively4 ,ex]cise #b4--,select all ! adv]bial clauses 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,tell :at ea* clause d5otes1 :at x modifies1 & :at its connective is4 ,/udy ! punctuation ( ^! s5t5ces1 & make a rule = ! punctuation ( adv]bial clauses3-- #a4 ,y\r bicycle is a /ation>y bit ( iron & india rubb]1 until y put y\r feet ^u ! p$als & use y\r m9d to guide ! :eel4 #b4 ,! old man sits z if he 7 c>v$ 9 /one4 #c4 ,:]e ! sn[flakes fall ?icke/1 !re no?+ c freeze4 #d4 ,:5 "m awoke & saw ! burgl>1 %e quietly ord]$ him to leave2 & only aft] %e _h pursu$ 8 ob$i5t figure to ! door did x occur to h] t ! prop] ?+ to d 0 to scream4 #e4 ,:]e ! peak lean$ to ! valley1 ! trunk ( a giant p9e jutt$ =? slant+ly f a roo?old a little bel[ ! summit4 #f4 ,z we came up ! h>bor ,i _h notic$ t ! h\ses 7 huddl$ toge!r on an imm5se hill4 #g4 ,i h come to meet judges s wise & s gr& ,t ,i %ake 9 my %oes :ile !y're %ak+ my h&4 #h4 ,%e /ruck :]e ! :ite & fleecy waves ,look$ s(t z c>d$ wool4 #i4 ,:i!r ?\ goe/1 ,i w g2 & :]e ?\ lodge/1 ,i w lodge4 #aj4 ,:5 ! blackbird approa*$ t side ( ! cage1 ! goldf9* da%$ away z ?\gh he fe>$ 8 /range neighbor might come ?r\gh4 #aa4 ,i love to he> ?9e e>ne/ voice :]ev] ?\ art hid1 ,?\ te/y little dogmati/1 ?\ pretty ,katydid6 #ab4 ,at e little /ation a man popp$ out z if he 7 work$ by ma*9]y1 & wav$ a r$ flag1 & appe>$ z ?\gh he w\ld l to h u /op4 #ac4 ,! little b&y-legg$ dogs _h be5 trott+ /eadily = _m an h\r1 until _! tongues hung out = want ( brea?4 #ad4 ,ye>s _h pass$ s9ce t p>ticul> pan!r _h /ray$ f 8 high fa/nesses1 :]e game 0 pl5tiful & none d>$ poa* on 8 pres]ves4 #ae4 ,i /ood up & 8holl]$0 ) all my might1 z ev]ybody does ) ox51 z if !y 7 born deaf1 & :ack$ !m ) ! long la% ov] ! head1 j z ! big folks did :5 !y drove4 ,,lxxi4 ,,adv]bial ,,clauses ,,( ,,cause1 ,,purpose1 ,,& ,,result #bhe4 ,"o action or condition may cause "s o!r action or condition1 & :5 we tell ?is1 we (t5 make su* a s5t5ce z ! foll[+1 8,mo/ cag$ birds are n happy1 because few ( !m are well c>$ =40 ,"h ! dep5d5t proposition1 because few ( !m are well c>$ = is an adv]bial clause ( cause1 = x tells ! cause ( ! fact 9 ! pr9cipal clause1 or :y mo/ cag$ birds are n happy4 ,! adv]bial clause ( cause answ]s ! "q :y8 or h[ d y "k8 & is usually jo9$ to ! pr$icate t x modifies by ! subord9ate conjunction =1 because1 or s9ce4 #bhf4 ,sometimes an action is p]=m$ 9 ord] t "s o!r action or condition may come to pass4 ,we say !n t ! action is p]=m$ = a purpose1 & we express ?is purpose by means ( an adv]bial clause2 z1 8,leon>do da ,v9ci w\ld walk ! :ole l5g? ( ,milan t he might alt] a s+le t9t 9 8 picture ( ! ,la/ ,supp]40 ,"h ! clause t he might alt] a s+le t9t 9 8 picture ( ! ,la/ ,supp] tells ! purpose t ! arti/ _h 9 walk+ ! :ole l5g? ( ,milan4 ,:at does ?is clause modify8 ,:at is x introduc$ by8 ,a clause ( purpose answ]s ! "q :at =8 ,x is usually jo9$ to ! pr$icate t x modifies by ! subord9ate conjunction t1 s t1 or 9 ord] t4 #bhg4 ,a clause ( purpose tells an int5tion )\t say+ t ?is int5tion ev] really comes to pass4 ,b !re is ano!r clause :i* tells :at really happ5s z an outcome ( ! action or condition 9 ! pr9cipal clause4 ,?is is call$ a clause ( result2 = in/ance1 8,s por\s is ! lime/one ( ! roads t 9 five m9utes aft] a brisk %[] "o has no ne$ ( ov]%oes40 ,"h ! pr9cipal clause tells u t ! roads are por\s1 & ! clause tells u :at is ! result1 or outcome1 ( _! be+ por\s4 ,:at is ! clause 9 ?is s5t5ce8 ,:at does x modify8 ,:at is x introduc$ by8 ,a clause ( result answ]s ! "q :at ( x81 & is g5]ally introduc$ by ! subord9ate conjunction t4 ,summ>y4--,a clause ( cause tells :at produces a c]ta9 act or condition4 ,a clause ( purpose tells ! int5d$ consequ5ce ( "s action4 ,a clause ( result tells ! real consequ5ce ( "s action or condition4 ,ex]cise4--,select ! adv]bial clauses1 classify !m1 giv+ y\r reason 9 ea* case1 tell :at !y modify1 & :at !y are jo9$ by4 ,acc\nt = ! punctuation4 #a4 ,i h expla9$ ?us c>efully ab\t my ,bird ,room because ,i d n approve ( keep+ wild birds 9 cages4 #b4 ,:5 ,*ipee _h eat5 all %e c\ld1 %e w\ld quietly sit d[n 9 ! se$ di% s t ,*ip c\ldn't get any4 #c4 ,( c\rse ?is bird c\ld n be set free1 = he did n "k h[ to take c>e ( himself4 #d4 ,"o little nugget ( pure/ gold ! surveyor c>efully pres]v$1 t x might "o day become a w$d+ r+ = ! gray-ey$ girl 9 ,ma9e4 #e4 ,_h 8 n]ves gr[n s s5sitive t ! />+ ( a *ipmunk or a rabbit _h p[] to break 8 sleep8 #f4 ,s /rong 0 ,polly's lik+ = gre5 peas t ! sight ( raw peas made h] wild till "s 7 giv5 to h]4 #g4 ,ma/] ,fox said to ! ,cr[1 8,s+ b "o song to me1 t ,i may greet y z ! ,que5 ( ,birds40 #h4 ,x is v conv5i5t to be a reasonable creature1 s9ce x enables y to f9d or make a reason = ev]y?+ y h a m9d to d4 #i4 ,rebecca left ! scre5 door aj>1 s t flies came 94 #aj4 ,rolf 0 call$ ! ,go] because he _h su* long legs t :5 he m\nt$ "o ( ! little ,norwegian horses1 8 feet t\*$ ! gr\nd4 #aa4 ,dikes are built t ! spread & fl[ ( ! wat] may be regulat$1 & ! l& protect$ f de/ructive floods4 #ab4 ,! sun burn$ d[n s fi]cely t ! p 7 fa9t+ 9 its rays2 x seem$ z if !y mu/ die ( heat1 & yet !y 7 oblig$ to g on ) _! "w1 = !y 7 v poor4 #ac4 ,!n ! p ran z only hill folk c run1 = !y knew t 9 a l&slip y mu/ climb = ! highe/ gr\nd across ! valley4 #ad4 ,"l ,god ( ,ho/s1 be ) u yet1 ,le/ we =get1 le/ we =get6 #ae4 ,i g to prep>e a place = y1 t :]e ,i am !re ye may be also4 ,,lxxii4 ,,adv]bial ,,clauses ,,( ,,condition ,,& ,,concession #bhh4 ,v (t5 an action _c take place except "u a c]ta9 condition1 & ?is condition is (t5 express$ 9 a dep5d5t clause2 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,a man c buy a vote only if "s o!r man is will+ to sell a vote40 ,"h ! "o condition "u :i* a man c buy a vote is told 9 ! adv]bial clause1 if "s o!r man is will+ to sell a vote4 ,?is is call$ a clause ( condition4 ,x is g5]ally introduc$ by if1 unless 7:i* means if n71 provid$1 or provid+4 ,9 ! illu/ration :at does ! clause modify8 ,:at is ! use ( only8 #bhi4 ,sometimes an action takes place 9 spite ( some?+ else1 & we tell ?is 9 su* a s5t5ce z ! foll[+1 8,?\gh ,he slay me1 yet w ,i tru/ ,him40 ,"h ! fact t ,i tru/ ,him is true 9 spite ( ! fact t ,he may slay me4 ,su* a clause z ?\gh ,he slay me is call$ a clause ( concession1 = x conc$es1 or grants1 some?+ t seems to be 9 direct opposition to :at is 9 ! pr9cipal clause4 ,:at does x modify8 ,:at c y say ( ! ^w yet8 ,a clause ( concession is g5]ally jo9$ by ! subord9ate conjunction ?\gh1 or by "s su* ^w z not)/&+1 or ev5 if1 :i* means ?\gh4 ,sometimes ?\gh has a correlative1 ! ^w yet1 /ill1 or nev]!less us$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! pr9cipal clause4 ,summ>y4--,a clause ( condition answ]s ! "q provid$ :at8 ,x tells ! circum/ance "u :i* ! pr9cipal /atem5t is true4 ,a clause ( concession answ]s ! "q 9 spite ( :at8 ,x tells ! circum/ance 9 spite ( :i* ! pr9cipal /atem5t is true4 ,ex]cise4--,select all adv]bial clauses4 ,tell :at ea* clause d5otes1 :at x modifies1 :at x is jo9$ by4 ,acc\nt = ! punctuation4 #a4 ,if y\r ev]yday language is n fit = a lett] or = pr9t1 x is n fit = talk4 #b4 ,9 ,b]muda1 if y are 9 want ( "s *oice cologne1 d n fail to ask = x at ! ne>e/ %oe %op4 #c4 ,?\gh delicate 9 8 ta/es1 an elephant likes quantity z well z quality1 & at 8 meals makes no?+ ( bales ( hay & gallons ( wat]4 #d4 ,?\gh ! weep+ will[ & ! m\nta9 a% c\ld n endure ! cold nor!a/ /orms1 yet ! /urdy elms grew apace & soon spread _! bran*es f>4 #e4 ,half ! pleasure 9 go+ out to murd] ano!r man ) a gun w\ld be want+1 if "o did n we> fea!rs1 & gold lace1 & /ripes on 8 pantaloons4 #f4 ,!re is some?+ que] ab\t ?\ghts2 y _c h a good "t ) !m if y h done any?+ naughty4 #g4 ,?\gh wat]y des]ts hold ap>t ! worlds ( ,ea/ & ,we/1 ,/ill beats ! selfsame human he>t 9 ea* pr\d ,nation's brea/4 #h4 ,if our =efa!rs _h n *os5 to emigrate to ,am]ica1 we %\ld n[ be ,engli% p ourselves4 #i4 ,rebecca 0 s sl5d] & s /iffly />*$ t %e slid f space to space on ! lea!r cu%ions1 ?\gh %e brac$ h]self aga9/ ! middle seat ) h] feet1 & ext5d$ h] cotton-glov$ h&s on ea* side4 #aj4 ,if ! m5 7 s wick$1 ,i'll ask my papa ,h[ he d>$ to propose to my d>l+ mamma4 ,0 he l ! re/ ( !m8 ,goodness6 ,:o kn[s8 ,& :at %\ld ,i say if a wret* %\ld propose8 #aa4 ,?\gh he look$ l a bird1 he behav$ l a monkey4 #ab4 ,?\gh ! mills ( ,god gr9d sl[ly1 yet !y gr9d exce$+ small1 ,?\gh ) pati5ce he /&s wait+1 ) exactness gr9ds he all4 #ac4 ,if ! scy!s cut well & sw+ m]rily1 x is due to ! boy :o turn$ ! gr9d/one4 #ad4 ,if a man write little1 he _h ne$ h a great memory2 if he conf] little1 he _h ne$ h a pres5t wit2 & if he read little1 he _h ne$ h mu* cunn+ to seem to "k t he do? n4 #ae4 ,m5 mu/ "w & wom5 mu/ weep4 ,?\gh /orms be sudd5 & wat]s deep4 ,& ! h>bor b> be moan+4 ,acc\nt = ! mode ( ! v]b 9 ea* dep5d5t clause 9 ! prec$+ s5t5ces4 ,,lxxiii4 ,,adv]bial ,,clauses ,,( ,,comp>ison #bij4 ,(t5 we are n satisfi$ to say1 8,c\s9 ,john is good40 ,we wi% to tell h[ good he is1 & a common way ( do+ ?is is by means ( a comp>ison4 ,we say1 8,c\s9 ,john is z good z gold40 ,"h ! gr\p ( words z gold is a clause ) ! ^w is omitt$4 ,x is call$ a clause ( comp>ison4 ,x d5otes an equality betwe5 ,john's goodness & t ( gold4 ,s9ce ?is clause answ]s ! "q h[ good8 x mu/ modify ! adjective good4 ,:at is ! introductory ^w ( ! clause ( comp>ison8 #bia4 ,sometimes we comp>e two ?+s & yet d5ote an inequality betwe5 !m2 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! riv] is blu] ?an ! sky40 ,"h ! clause ( comp>ison is introduc$ by ! subord9at+ conjunction ?an4 ,x modifies ! ^w blu]4 ,we "k ?is because x is ! ^w blu] t ne$s ! clause1 & )\t ! ^w blu] ! clause w\ld n be 9 ! s5t5ce at all4 ,notice t a clause ( equality modifies an adjective 9 ! positive degree1 :ile a clause ( inequality modifies an adjective 9 ! comp>ative degree4 #bib4 ,a clause ( comp>ison may modify an adv]b z well z an adjective1 z 9 ^! s5t5ces3-- ,! old man mov$ z sl[ly z a cl\d4 ,m swiftly ?an eagles1 8 c\rs]s !y flew4 ,,note4--,! adv]b r is seldom us$ )\t be+ modifi$ by a clause ( comp>ison2 z1 8,h5ry ,clay said t he w\ld r be "r ?an be presid5t40 ,:5 we supply ! words und]/ood1 ! clause reads1 ?an he w\ld be presid5t4 ,complete ! clauses 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- ,"s p w\ld r h money ?an bra9s4 ,i %\ld r e>n a college education ?an g )\t x4 ,a wise ,am]ican w\ld r g to ,yell[/one ,p>k ?an to ,switz]l&4 ,summ>y4--,a clause ( comp>ison tells ! degree ( "s quality or quantity by po9t+ out a lik5ess or a diff]5ce4 ,a clause ( comp>ison po9t+ out a lik5ess is introduc$ by z1 & modifies an adjective or an adv]b 9 ! positive degree4 ,a clause ( comp>ison po9t+ out a diff]5ce is introduc$ by ?an1 & modifies an adjective or an adv]b 9 ! comp>ative degree4 ,a clause ( comp>ison is seldom completely express$4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! clauses ( comp>ison4 ,tell :at !y d5ote1 :at !y modify1 & :at !y are introduc$ by4 #a4 ,sitt+ up on ! driv]'s high seat is almo/ z good z climb+ ! meet+-h\se /eeple4 #b4 ,! muscles ( 8 brawny arms ,are /rong z iron b&s4 #c4 ,! loons c\ld dive quick] ?an ! eagle c\ld swoop & /rike4 #d4 ,g]trude 0 pr\d] ?an ev] :5 ! presid5t ( ! college said1 8,y\r "m is h&som] ?an y w ev] be1 "y lady40 #e4 ,! he>ts t 7 ?ump+ l %ips on ! rocks ,beat z quiet & /eady z meet+-h\se clocks4 #f4 ,tru? is /rang] ?an fiction4 #g4 ,i _h r h a fool to make me m]ry ?an exp]i5ce to make me sad4 #h4 ,blue 7 h] eyes z ! fairy flax1 ,h] *eeks l ! dawn ( day1 ,h] bosom :ite z ! haw?orn buds1 ,t ope 9 ! mon? ( ,may4 #i4 ,"o syllable ( woman's spee* c dissolve m love ?an a man's he>t c hold4 #aj4 ,i am ne>] my home to-day ,?an ,i ev] h be5 be=e4 #aa4 ,:it] ?an sn[ 7 8 locks1 & 8 *eeks 7 z br[n z ! oak leaves4 #ab4 ,a /e$ z black z ! /e$s ( night ,0 se5 to pass z ) eagle flight4 #ac4 ,we$s are sure to gr[ quick] 9 my g>d5 ?an any:]e else4 #ad4 ,d>k z w9t] 0 ! fl[ ,( ,is] roll+ rapidly4 #ae4 ,i %\ld r see ! friezes ( ! ,p>!non mold] to du/ "u ! blue veil ( ! ,grecian atmosph]e ?an h !m pres]v$ 9 ! gr& halls ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 #af4 ,! huge body ( ! elephant ne$s less sleep ?an any?+ else t lives4 #bic4 ,s9ce ! pr$icate is usually omitt$ 9 clauses ( comp>ison1 x foll[s t ^! clauses (t5 consi/ ( only two words2 z1 8,i am z old z ,m>y40 8,i am old] ?an ,m>y40 ,"o ( ^! words is ! connective1 & ! o!r is (t5 ! subject ( ! clause4 ,:5 ! subject is a pron\n1 we mu/ be c>eful to use ! nom9ative =m4 ,we %\ld say1 8,are y old] ?an ,i8 ?an he8 ?an %e80 ,ex]cise #a4--;,fill ! blank 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces4 ,!n supply ! words omitt$1 & ?us %[ t y h *os5 ! "r pron\ns3-- #a4 ,our p>5ts are wis] ?an 7we or u74 #b4 ,y are n always s c>eful z 7%e or h]74 #c4 ,:o kn[s ! day bett] ?an 7me or ,i78 #d4 ,:at6 ,y are /rong] ?an 7:o or :om78 #e4 ,! ,pre/on girls 7 j z fri5dly z 7me or ,i74 #f4 ,no man c\ld be m fai?ful ?an 7him or he74 #g4 ,:o /&s high] 9 ?is city ?an 7!y or !m74 #h4 ,are y old] or y\ng] ?an 7h] or %e78 #i4 ,well1 p]haps ,i am n s polite z 7he or him74 #aj4 ,our geese are :it] ?an 7!m or !y74 ,ex]cise #b4--;,ju/ify ! case ( ! italiciz$ pron\n 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,jessie likes ,julia z well z me4 #b4 ,i f\nd h] bro!r m easily ?an h]4 #c4 ,i expect an angel soon] ?an !m4 ,,lxxiv4 ,,analysis ,,( ,,s5t5ces #bid4 ,we are ready n[ to analyze s5t5ces conta9+ adv]bial clauses4 ,9 analyz+ su* s5t5ces we %\ld /ate z soon z we come to an adv]bial clause1 7#a7 :at x d5otes & 7#b7 :at "p ( spee* its introductory ^w is4 ,we %\ld n analyze any dep5d5t clause 9 detail1 h[ev]1 until we h complet$ our analysis ( ! pr9cipal clause4 ,,model4--,! lion fix$ 8 great h9d claws 9 ! s(t] sk9 ( ! crocodile's ?roat1 & ripp$ x op5 z "o w\ld rip a glove4 ,?is is a complex1 decl>ative s5t5ce4 ,! subject is ! lion4 ,! pr$icate is fix$ 8 great h9d claws 9 ! s(t] sk9 ( ! crocodile's ?roat1 & ripp$ x op5 z "o w\ld rip a glove4 ,! pr$icate is comp\nd1 ! two p>ts be+ jo9$ by ! conjunction &4 ,! fir/ pr$icate v]b is fix$4 ,x is complet$ by ! direct object 8 great h9d claws1 & !n modifi$ by ! prepositional phrase 9 ! s(t] sk9 ( ! crocodile's ?roat4 ,! base ^w ( ! object is claws2 x is modifi$ by ! adjectives h9d & great1 & by ! possessive pron\n 84 ,! base ^w ( ! object ( ! preposition 9 is sk94 ,x is modifi$ by ! adjectives s(t] & !1 & by ! prepositional phrase ( ! crocodile's ?roat4 ,! base ^w ( ! object ( ! preposition ( is ?roat2 x is modifi$ by ! possessive n\n crocodile's1 :i* is modifi$ by ! adjective !4 ,! second pr$icate v]b is ripp$4 ,x is complet$ by ! direct object x & ! objective complem5t op51 & !n modifi$ by ! adv]bial clause ( mann] z "o w\ld rip a glove1 :i* is introduc$ by ! subord9ate conjunction z4 ,! subject ( ?is clause is ! adjective pron\n "o4 ,! pr$icate is w\ld rip a glove4 ,! pr$icate v]b is w\ld rip4 ,x is complet$ by ! direct object a glove4 ,ex]cise4--,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,:5 y write ! analysis ( a s5t5ce1 use abbreviations1 & in/ead ( writ+ out a gr\p ( words 9 full1 z is done 9 ! model1 write only ! fir/ & la/ words ( ! gr\p ) a da% betwe5 !m4 ,be sure to und]l9e all words quot$ f ! s5t5ce4 #a4 ,he looks ! :ole _w 9 ! face1 ,= he owes n any man4 #b4 ,! "y lion 0 gr[+ s fa/ t ! milk ( ?ree goats 0 sc>cely suffici5t = him4 #c4 ,:5 ! glori\s sun is set1 ,:5 ! grass ) dew is wet1 ,!n y %[ y\r little light4 #d4 ,:5 ,*>les 0 /udy+ %or?&1 8 "m read s]mons to him = an h\r e morn+1 s t he might h practice 9 ! writ+ ( long words4 #e4 ,if y save ! p5nies1 ! doll>s w take c>e ( !mselves4 #f4 ,:]e ! purple violet gr[s1 ,:]e ! bubbl+ wat] fl[s1 ,:]e ! grass is fre% & f9e1 ,pretty c[1 g !re & d9e4 #g4 ,tommy1 ?\gh he 0 gett+ a big boy1 reta9$ "s ( ! habits ( a baby4 #h4 ,i 0 sitt+ on ! top rail ( ! front f5ce1 :5 a p>ty ( gypsies w5t by on _! way to a camp4 #i4 ,! day is done1 & ! d>kness ,falls f ! w+s ( night1 ,z a fea!r is waft$ d[nw>d ,f an eagle 9 8 flight4 #aj4 ,:5ev] y see _m drones1 y w f9d pl5ty ( "y bees4 #aa4 ,aft] ! rob9s h p9*$ & %ak5 all ! life out ( an e>?worm1 z ,italian cooks p\nd all ! _s out ( a /eak1 & !n gulp$ him1 !y /& up 9 hone/ self-confid5ce1 exp& _! r$ wai/coats ) a virtu\s air1 & outface y ) _! bold calm eyes4 #ab4 ,moti ,guj1 ! elephant1 nev] trampl$ ! life out ( 8 ma/] ,deesa1 =1 aft] ! beat+ 0 ov]1 ,deesa w\ld embrace 8 trunk1 & call him 8 love & 8 life & ! liv] ( 8 s\l1 & give him "s liquor4 #ac4 ,if imitation be ! s9c]e/ =m ( flatt]y1 ! mis*ief ( ! monkey %\ld be reg>d$ m l5i5tly4 #ad4 ,i lik$ dolls well en\gh1 ?\gh my assortm5t 0 n a *oice "o4 #ae4 ,h] nails 7 s h>d t !y w\ld yield to ! scissors only aft] a day's soak+ 9 hot soapsuds4 #af4 ,8 words 7 %$ s(t] ?an leaves f ! p9e1 ,& !y fell on ,sir ,launfal z sn[s on ! br9e4 ,,lxxv4 ,,adjective ,,clauses #bie4 ,we le>n$ 9 ,lesson ,,xx t a dep5d5t clause (t5 has ! use ( an adjective1 t is1 x modifies a n\n2 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,?is is ! h\se t ,jack built40 ,su* a clause z t ,jack built is call$ an adjective clause4 ,:y8 #bif4 ,an adjective clause may be us$ = two diff]5t purposes4 7#a7 ,x may s]ve to po9t out a p>ticul> p]son1 place1 or ?+2 z1 8,?is is ! maid5 all =lorn t milk$ ! c[ ) ! crumpl$ horn40 ,"h ! clause tells :at p>ticul> maid5 is meant4 ,a clause ( ?is sort is call$ a re/rictive clause1 because x limits1 or re/ricts1 ! application ( ! ^w x modifies4 7#b7 ,an adjective clause may s]ve m]ely to br+ 9 a new ?\ght1 some?+ t is wor? tell+1 ( c\rse1 b /ill n necess>y to ! tru? ( ! s5t5ce2 z1 8,my fa!r _h t5 c[s1 :i* ,i _h to escort to & f pa/ure night & morn+40 ,?is clause does n tell :at p>ticul> c[s my fa!r _h1 b m]ely tells an additional fact ab\t !m4 ,su* a clause z ?is is call$ an unre/rictive clause4 ,x is set (f by a comma4 #big4 ,a re/rictive clause is usually necess>y to ! tru? ( a s5t5ce2 z1 8,a city t is set on a hill _c be hid10 8,a pr9ce t is a tyrant is unfit to rule40 ,to f9d out :e!r a clause is re/rictive or n1 det]m9e fir/ :at ^w x modifies2 !n ask y\rself ! "q1 ,did ! au?or put ?is clause into ! s5t5ce to po9t out a p>ticul> object8 ,c\ld su* a t]m z ,! ,decl>ation ( ,indep5d5ce1 my "m's fa!r1 ,!odore ,roosevelt1 ! planet ,m>s1 or ,bo/on be modifi$ by a re/rictive adjective clause8 ,summ>y4--,an adjective clause is a dep5d5t clause t modifies a n\n or a pron\n4 ,a re/rictive adjective clause is "o t po9ts out a p>ticul> p]son1 place1 or ?+4 ,a re/rictive clause is n set (f by commas4 ,an unre/rictive adjective clause is "o t m]ely adds a new ?\ght to ! s5t5ce4 ,an unre/rictive clause is set (f by a comma4 ,ex]cise #a4--,select ! adjective clauses4 ,tell :at !y modify4 ,!n f9d out :e!r !y are re/rictive or n1 & :y4 ,,note4--,always te/ an adjective clause fir/ to f9d out :e!r x is re/rictive4 ,if y decide t x is n re/rictive1 !n x mu/ be unre/rictive4 #a4 ,*>ley ,m>d51 ^: fa!r _h promis$ to cane him if he ev] set foot on sail or r[ boat1 came d[n to ! :>f 9 a s\r-grape humor to see u (f4 #b4 ,a %>p tongue is ! only edg$ tool t gr[s ke5] ) con/ant use4 #c4 ,f "o corn] ( ,/4 ,paul's *ur*y>d runs ! lively /reet call$ ,*eapside1 f :i* ,john ,gilp9 />t$ on 8 fam\s ride4 #d4 ,! reason :y ! wom5 & *ildr5 slept ^u ! floor 0 _! fe> le/ ! ,indians %\ld fire ?r\gh ! w9d[s & kill !m 9 _! b$s4 #e4 ,! k+ ^: despotic p[] 0 felt ov] ! entire ext5t ( ! cattle range 0 an old gray wolf4 #f4 ,! monks :o put peas 9 _! %oes z a p5ance d n suff] m ?an ! c\ntry boy 9 8 p5it5tial ,sunday %oes4 #g4 ,!re is a girl 9 ! c>riage1 :o looks out at ,john1 :o is sudd5ly aw>e t 8 tr\s]s are pat*$ on ea* knee & 9 two places beh9d4 #h4 ,he c\ld see ! pale & nak$ trunk ( a p9e tree1 :i* ! lightn+ _h %att]$4 #i4 ,! night t 0 s favorable to ! wild rabbits 0 favorable also to ! fox1 ! wildcat1 & ! weasel4 #aj4 ,! only days t ,i c rememb] 9 ,yonk]s 7 hot4 #aa4 ,all ?+s t are on e>? %all :olly pass away1 ,except ! love ( ,god1 :i* %all live & la/ = aye4 #ab4 ,sleek1 unwieldy pork]s 7 grunt+ 9 ! repose & abundance ( _! p5s1 :5ce salli$ =?1 n[ & !n1 troops ( suck+ pigs1 z if to snuff ! air4 ,ex]cise #b4--,write s5t5ces conta9+ re/rictive adjective clauses po9t+ out a c]ta9 riv]1 a c]ta9 boy1 a c]ta9 bridge1 a c]ta9 h\se1 a c]ta9 day4 ,write s5t5ces conta9+ unre/rictive clauses t tell some?+ ab\t ! moon1 ! ,presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ,salt ,lake ,city1 ! ,si/9e ,madonna1 ! ,eiffel ,t[]4 ,write s5t5ces conta9+ adjective clauses introduc$ by ! conjunctive adv]bs :51 :]e1 & :y4 7,see ,lesson ,,lxvi47 ,tell :e!r y\r clauses are re/rictive or unre/rictive4 ,,lxxvi4 ,,relative ,,pron\ns #bih4 ,j z an adv]bial clause is jo9$ to :at x modifies by a conjunctive adv]b or a subord9ate conjunction1 s an adjective clause mu/ be jo9$ to ! n\n x modifies by "s connect+ ^w4 ,9 ,lesson ,,lxvi x 0 %[n t ?is ^w may be a conjunctive adv]b1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,i c nev] =get ! night :5 ,i fir/ he>d ! :ippoorwill s+40 ,:at is ! clause "h8 ,:at does x modify8 ,h[ is x jo9$ to ! ^w t x modifies8 #bii4 ,mo/ adjective clauses are introduc$ by "s o!r ^w ?an a conjunctive adv]b4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! h& t rocks ! cradle rules ! _w10 ! adjective clause t rocks ! cradle is jo9$ to ! n\n h&1 :i* x modifies1 by ! ^w t4 ,?is ^w is us$ z subject ( ! v]b rocks1 & really means h&4 ,s9ce x takes ! place ( a n\n1 x is a pron\n2 & s9ce ?is n\n1 or antec$5t1 prec$es ! pron\n1 we say t ! pron\n relates to its antec$5t1 & we call x a relative pron\n4 #cjj4 ,! relative pron\ns t introduce adjective clauses are :o1 :i*1 & t4 ,:o has ?ree case =ms3 nom9ative1 :o2 possessive1 ^:2 objective1 :om4 ,:i* has ! possessive =m ^:2 t has no possessive =m4 ,:i* & t d n *ange _! =m = ! objective case4 #cja4 ,a relative pron\n always has a use 9 ! adjective clause t x introduces4 ,?is is ! same use t ! antec$5t w\ld h if x 7 us$ 9 place ( ! pron\n4 ,! f\r common uses are3-- 7#a7 ,subject ( a v]b2 z1 8,he :o fights & runs away may live to fight ano!r day40 7#b7 ,object ( a v]b2 z1 8,?is is ! day t ! ,"l ha? made40 7#c7 ,object ( a preposition2 z1 8,i saw ! room 9 :i* ,%akespe>e 0 born40 ,,note4--,sometimes ! pron\n comes be=e ! preposition2 z1 8,! buggy t we rode 9 0 l[ & light40 7#d7 ,possessive modifi]2 z1 8,any boy ^: memory is good c le>n a hi/ory lesson40 #cjb4 ,! relative pron\n t introduces only re/rictive adjective clauses4 ,! pron\ns :o1 ^:1 :om1 & :i* may introduce ei!r re/rictive or unre/rictive clauses4 #cjc4 ,:o has = its antec$5t ! "n ( "s p]son2 :i* has = its antec$5t ! "n ( "s ?+4 ,! antec$5t ( t may be ! "n ( a p]son or a ?+4 #cjd4 ,! ^w b may be us$ z a relative pron\n z a sub/itute = ! two words t n4 ,in/ead ( say+1 8,!re is no day t has n an end10 we may say1 8,!re is no day b has an end40 ,?is is a bett] s5t5ce ?an ! fir/ because x conta9s only "o negative ^w4 #cje4 ,! ^w z may be us$ z a relative pron\n foll[+ ! words su*1 same1 or z _m4 ,we say1-- ,i l su* fl[]s z y s5t me4 ,y\r dress is ! same color z m9e4 ,i w take z _m apples z w fill ?is basket4 ,i want su* a *air z y are sitt+ 9 n[4 ,9 ea* ( ! s5t5ces above1 :at is ! use ( ! relative pron\n z 9 ! clause t x introduces8 ,summ>y4--,a relative pron\n is "o t ref]s to a prec$+ n\n or pron\n1 & jo9s to x an adjective clause4 ,! relative pron\ns t introduce adjective clauses are :o1 :i*1 & t4 ,z & b are sometimes us$ z relative pron\ns4 #cjf4 ,:5 we p>se a relative pron\n we tell1-- 7#a7 ,its antec$5t4 7#b7 ,:at adjective clause x jo9s to its antec$5t4 7#c7 ,its case4 7#d7 ,its use 9 ! adjective clause4 ,ex]cise #a4--,p>se all ! relative pron\ns 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,9 came ! six "y foll[]s ^: he>ts ! ,misses ,fezziwig broke4 #b4 ,!re 7 ! wide sweeps ( =e/ ?r\gh :i* ! w9t] tempe/s h[l$1 ^u :i* hung ! haze ( summ] heat1 ov] :i* ! great %ad[s ( summ] cl\ds travel$4 #c4 ,susie 0 a well-behav$ *ild1 :o took c>e ( h] clo!s & play$ quiet games4 #d4 ,& n[ ! d&elion is a pe/--! same yell[ d&elion ) its long1 bitt]1 milky /em t we *ildr5 s\ght = 9 ! %ady f5ce corn]s to make into spiral curls4 #e4 ,buff]s _h a small m\/a*e1 :i* he fo/]$ mu*1 & a cane ) :i* he 0 n yet v famili>4 #f4 ,%e bade me good-by z if ,i 7 a fri5d ( h] family :om %e w\ld gladly meet aga94 #g4 ,!re is only "o bird t t]rifies ! cr[1 & t is ! owl4 #h4 ,solomon ,john propos$ t !y %\ld op5 ! w9d[1 a ?+ :i* ,agamemnon c\ld easily d ) 8 long arms4 #i4 ,!re 0 "o lady ^: conv]sation at ! be/ ( times made my "m sleepy4 #aj4 ,! two m5 %>$ ^? my/]i\s rites ( smok+ & %av+ & discuss+ /ocks :i* occupy m5 :5 !y are left to !mselves4 #aa4 ,! turkey cock1 :o _h be5 born into ! _w ) spurs1 & ?\ght he 0 a k+1 puff$ himself out l a %ip ) full sails1 & flew at ! duckl+4 #ab4 ,9 a few mom5ts ,n$ arriv$ at a small op5 glade 9 ! middle ( ! =e/1 9 :i*1 to 8 horror1 he saw a lion ^u ! body ( a man1 :om he seiz$ by ! ?roat1 :ile ,n]o /ood )9 a few y>ds1 bay+ him furi\sly4 #ac4 ,he lives longe/ :o does mo/4 ,ex]cise #b4--;,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,no "t is l ! old "t :5 y & ,i 7 "y1 ,:5 ! buds ( ,april blossom$1 & ! birds ( spr+-"t sung4 #b4 ,no place is l ! old place1 :]e y & ,i 7 born1 ,:]e we lift$ fir/ our eyelids on ! spl5dor ( ! morn4 #c4 ,no fri5d is l ! old fri5d1 :o has %>$ our morn+ days4 #d4 ,at ! tea*]s' meet+1 :i* %e regul>ly att5d$ ) h] "m1 ,g]trude saw ! pale-fac$ little lady :om ! *ildr5 call$ a 8,grahamite40 #e4 ,! old brok5 gate :i* a g5tleman w\ld n tol]ate an h\r ^u 8 gr\nds is a great beauty 9 ! picture :i* hangs 9 8 p>lor4 #f4 ,(t5 ! road passes betwe5 l(ty walls ( solid rock1 f ! crevices ( :i* all lovely gr[?s are spr++4 #g4 ,read f "s humbl] poet1 ,^: songs gu%$ f 8 he>t1 ,z ra9 f ! cl\ds 9 summ]1 ,or te>s f ! eyelids />t4 #h4 ,mi*el 0 a vivaci\s1 lean little ,fr5*man1 :o fulfill$ ! duties ( a *amb]maid v adroitly4 #i4 ,! fir/ ?+ t my pet />l+ imitat$ 0 ! rumbl+ ( c>ts & c>riages on ! /reet4 #aj4 ,9 "o corn] ( ! fireplace sat a sup]annuat$ crony1 :om ! sexton call$ ,john ,ange1 & :o _h be5 8 companion f *ildhood4 #aa4 ,! good %ip ,humb] is tak+ home a regim5t ^: t]m ( s]vice has expir$4 #ab4 ,madame took = breakfa/ two fre% eggs1 :i* h] two h5s laid = h] e morn+ ) ! p]fect regul>ity t is ! polit5ess ( all well-br$ p\ltry4 #ac4 ,! boy /ood on ! burn+ deck1 ,:5ce all b him _h fl$4 #ad4 ,lay up = y\rselves treasures 9 heav51 :]e nei!r mo? nor ru/ do? corrupt1 & :]e ?ieves d n break ?r\gh & /eal4 #ae4 ,sycamore ,ridge might h be5 "o ( ! dre>y villages t dot ! w9d-swept pla9 to-day1 in/ead ( ! bright1 prosp]\s elm-%ad$ t[n t x is4 ,,lxxvii4 ,,n\n ,,clauses #cjg4 ,we h se5 t a dep5d5t clause may h ! use ( an adv]b or ( an adjective4 ,x may also h ano!r use1 z may be se5 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,:atev] ,midas t\*$ ) 8 f+] imm$iately gli/5$ & grew yell[40 ,if we ask ! "q1 ,:at gli/5$ & grew yell[8 we get ! answ]1 ,:atev] ,midas t\*$ ) 8 f+]2 h5ce ?is gr\p ( words mu/ be ! subject4 ,b ?is gr\p is a clause1 = x conta9s ! subject ,midas & ! v]b t\*$4 ,a clause us$ z ! subject ( a pr$icate is us$ l a n\n1 h5ce we call x a n\n clause4 #cjh4 ,! n\n clause has sev]al o!r uses ( a n\n besides t ( subject4 ,x may be1-- 7#a7 ,object ( a v]b2 z1 8,i ?9k t life w\ld be v dull )\t meals40 7#b7 ,subjective complem5t2 z1 8,! sad "p ( ?is tale is t ! tr\ble 0 n ) poor little ,quackal9a's eyes at all40 7#c7 ,9 apposition2 z1 8,he _h a !ory t ! big horn$ owl might be tam$40 ,"h ! clause expla9s ! n\n !ory tell+ exactly :at ! !ory is4 ,?is may seem at fir/ l an adjective clause1 b !re is a cle> diff]5ce4 ,we c make a s5t5ce by putt+ ! v]b is betwe5 ! n\n !ory & ! clause4 ,?is %[s t ! two are id5tical1 b we _c d ?is ) ! n\n !ory & an adjective clause1 z 9 ?is s5t5ce1 8,i d n believe 9 ! !ory t he sets =? 9 8 book40 7#d7 ,object ( a preposition2 z1 8,aladd9's "m li/5$ ) surprise to :at h] son told h]40 ,if y ask ! "q1 li/5$ to :at8 y get ! answ]1 :at h] son told h]4 ,!re=e1 ! gr\p ( words :at h] son told h]1 :i* is a dep5d5t proposition1 mu/ be ! object ( ! preposition to4 7#e7 ,"s adjectives1 l anxi\s1 aw>e1 c>eful1 c]ta91 glad1 hopeful1 sorry1 & sure1 especially :5 us$ z subjective complem5ts1 are modifi$ by n\n clauses t take ! place ( adv]bial prepositional phrases4 ,we may say1-- ,i am sure ( 8 election4 ,i am sure t he w be elect$4 ,9 ! fir/ s5t5ce ! adjective sure is modifi$ by ! phrase ( 8 election4 ,9 ! second s5t5ce ! adjective sure is modifi$ by ! n\n clause t he w be elect$1 :i* answ]s ! "q sure ( :at8 ,?is may be call$ ! adv]bial use ( ! n\n clause4 #cji4 ,(t51 :5 a n\n clause is us$ z subject1 x is plac$ aft] ! pr$icate1 & ! s5t5ce beg9s ) ! ^w x2 z1 8,x is curi\s t almo/ e nation on e>? has "s p>ticul> traditions reg>d+ ! dog40 ,if we ask ! "q1 :at is curi\s8 ! answ] is n x1 = t tells no?+1 b ! clause4 ,! ^w x is call$ an anticipative subject1 because x comes be=e ! real subject1 & signifies also to ! read] t ! real subject may be expect$ aft] ! pr$icate4 #caj4 ,! t5se ( ! v]b 9 a n\n clause is det]m9$ p>tly by ! mean+ ( ! s5t5ce & p>tly by ! t5se ( ! v]b 9 ! indep5d5t clause4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ea* ( ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 & :at is ! t5se ( ea* v]b8 ,i und]/& t he builds bridges4 ,i und]/& t he w build ! bridge4 ,i und]/& t he has built ! bridge4 ,i und]/ood t he builds bridges4 ,i und]/ood t he w\ld build ! bridge4 ,i und]/ood t he _h built ! bridge4 ,summ>y4--,a n\n clause is a dep5d5t clause hav+ ! use ( a n\n4 ,! n\n clause may be us$ adv]bially to modify c]ta9 adjectives4 ,! ^w x may be us$ z an anticipative subject to ?r[ ! real subject1 a n\n clause1 aft] ! v]b4 ,ex]cise #a4--,select all ! n\n clauses1 & expla9 ! use ( ea*4 #a4 ,j !n a %\t f ! boys' t5t proclaim$ t ! tw9s 7 awake4 #b4 ,!re 7 two summ] h\ses at "o end ( :at we call$ a p>k4 #c4 ,! probability is v great t ! ,vik+s did l& on our coa/4 #d4 ,:at made ! little silv] teapot s allur+ 0 t x held j en\gh = two4 #e4 ,be c>eful h[ y h&le my razor4 #f4 ,x s happ5$ t "o ( 8 neighbors _h two v beautiful daught]s4 #g4 ,i discov]$ t ! _w 0 n creat$ exclusively on my acc\nt4 #h4 ,mr4 ,cobb _h a feel+ t he 0 be+ hurri$ f peak to peak ( a m\nta9 range )\t "t to take a good brea? 9 betwe54 #i4 ,t supply foll[s dem& is a sure rule ( political economy4 #aj4 ,! tru? is t my danc+ days are ov]4 #aa4 ,9 *oos+ words x is to be rememb]$ t !re is n a really poor "o 9 any language4 #ab4 ,are y aw>e t ,phio has gone to ! hospital8 #ac4 ,on ! v day ( 8 inauguration ,jeff]son took a /ep t[>d :at he call$ simplicity1 & :at 8 oppon5ts ?\ght vulg>ity4 #ad4 ,i knew t ,i 0 born at ! ,nor?1 b ,i hop$ t nobody 9 ,new ,orleans w\ld f9d x out4 #ae4 ,! ,au/rian comm&] notic$ ?is peculi>ity ab\t ! fir+1--t e %ot seem$ to come f ! same place4 #af4 ,t ! monkeys _h /ol5 ! snuffbox 0 obvi\s1 = bo? ( !m 7 seiz$ ) convulsions ( sneez+4 #ag4 ,i am glad t y are go+ to talk on ! peace movem5t4 #ah4 ,! disadvantage ( be+ a boy is t x does n la/ long en\gh4 #ai4 ,we are all sorry t "s days nev] come b once4 ,ex]cise #b4--;,ju/ify ! t5se ( ! v]b 9 ! n\n clause 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces-- ,i "k t fev] produces ?ir/4 ,i knew t t5nis is a heal?ful sport4 ,i "k t ! lake w freeze to-night4 ,i knew t ! lake w\ld freeze la/ night4 ,i "k t my turn comes next4 ,i knew t my turn came next4 ,i "k t %e has he>d ! news4 ,i knew t %e _h he>d ! news4 ,,lxxviii4 ,,introductory ,,words ,,( ,,n\n ,,clauses #caa4 ,we h le>n$ t adjective clauses & adv]bial clauses are jo9$ to :at !y modify by "s connective4 ,?is ^w also s]ves to %[ t ! clause x introduces is n indep5d5t b dep5d5t4 ,! n\n clause also is introduc$ by "s connect+ ^w4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,t y h wrong$ me do? appe> 9 ?is10 ! fir/ ^w t c\ld be plac$ n[h]e 9 ! clause except at ! beg9n+1 & x reveals at once t ! clause x introduces is dep5d5t4 #cab4 ,! introductory ^w ( a n\n clause may be sev]al p>ts ( spee*3 7#a7 ,! subord9at+ conjunctions if1 t1 & :e!r4 ,g & see if y\r fa!r is com+ home4 ,i believe t all m5 are creat$ free & equal4 ,i d n "k :e!r ,m>y is a suffragi/ or a suffragette4 ,(t5 ! connective t is omitt$2 z1 8,y said y 7 com+ home e>ly10 8,david ?\ght ,dora 0 an angel40 7#b7 ,! int]rogative pron\ns :o1 ^:1 :om1 :i*1 :at4 ,nobody kn[s :o fir/ wrote ! /ory ( little ,r$ ,rid+ ,hood4 ,c y tell ^: picture ?is is8 ,we _c tell :om ! baby looks l4 ,h y he>d :i* came out ahead8 ,tell me :at y l1 & ,i w tell y :at y are4 ,9 s5t5ces ( ?is sort ! int]rogative pron\n is n us$ 9 a direct "q1 b always :5 a n\n clause is introduc$ by an int]rogative pron\n !re is an indirect1 or impli$ "q4 ,make a direct "q out ( ea* ( ! n\n clauses above4 ,! int]rogative pron\n always has a use 9 ! n\n clause t x introduces1 j z ! relative pron\n has a use 9 ! adjective clause4 ,:at is ! use ( ea* int]rogative pron\n 9 ! prec$+ s5t5ces8 7#c7 ,! relative pron\n :at4 ,?is pron\n is always equival5t to ! two words t :i*1 & !re is no "q impli$ 9 a n\n clause introduc$ by ?is pron\n4 ,:at ,m>?a told me ab\t ! w did n surprise me4 ,gett+ d9n] is :at takes mo/ ( my "t4 7#d7 ,! indef9ite pron\ns :oev]1 :i*ev]1 :atev]1 etc4 ,:oev] came 0 made welcome4 ,take :i*ev] y l4 ,:atev] is1 is "r4 ,:at is ! use ( ea* n\n clause 9 ^! s5t5ces8 ,:at is ! use 9 ! clause ( ea* indef9ite pron\n8 7#e7 ,! conjunctive adv]bs :51 :]e1 :y1 h[1 :i!r1 etc4 ,d y "k :5 ! /eam] sails8 ,i _c rememb] :]e ,i put my spectacles4 ,c y tell :y he nev] we>s a muffl]8 ,i nev] und]/ood h[ ! purse 0 return$4 ,x is /range h[ ! memory cl+s to "s ?+s4 ,:o kn[s :i!r ! cl\ds h fl$8 ,! adv]b introduc+ a n\n clause modifies "s ^w )9 ! clause1 usually ! v]b4 ,summ>y4--,! n\n clause may be introduc$ by 7#a7 a subord9ate conjunction1 7#b7 an int]rogative pron\n1 7#c7 ! relative pron\n :at1 7#d7 an indef9ite pron\n1 7#e7 a conjunctive adv]b4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! n\n clauses1 & tell ! use ( ea* 9 ! s5t5ce4 ,tell ! introductory ^w ( ea* clause1 & its use 9 ! clause4 #a4 ,:at disgu/$ !m /ill m 0 t ,bluebe>d _h already be5 m>ri$ sev]al times1 & no "o knew :at _h become ( 8 wives4 #b4 ,erne/ 0 always ready to believe 9 :atev] seem$ beautiful & good4 #c4 ,we ask$ ! boatman :y he did n speak ,gaelic to 8 dog z well z to 8 family4 #d4 ,:oev] has be5 hypnotiz$ by a book ag5t w und]/& h[ "m felt ab\t ! spectacles t %e b\ght & c\ld n we>4 #e4 ,i wond] if ,burbank ev] really produc$ a deodoriz$ onion4 #f4 ,%akespe>e's *air /&s 9 ! *imney nook ( a small gloomy *amb]1 j beh9d :at 0 8 fa!r's %op4 #g4 ,:atev] 0 iron or brass 9 o!r h\ses 0 silv] or gold 9 ?is4 #h4 ,! apo!c>y li/5$ z calmly z he c\ld to ! /ory ( h[ ,mrs4 ,pet]k9 _h put salt 9 h] c(fee4 #i4 ,! lady f ,philadelphia ask$ :]e ! milk 0 kept4 #aj4 ,=tunately1 :at ,god expects ( u is n ! be/1 b our be/4 #aa4 ,:y ?is spot 0 select$ = a mansion 0 always a my/]y1 unless x 0 t ! newcom] desir$ to isolate himself completely4 #ab4 ,:e!r ! ,indians 7 n e>ly ris]s1 or :e!r !y 7 away j !n on a w>pa? ,i c\ldn't det]m9e4 #ac4 ,:at passes = laz9ess 9 a boy is v (t5 an unwill+ness to f>m 9 a p>ticul> way4 #ad4 ,! direction ( a man's life foll[s ! unse5 influ5ce ( :at he admires & loves & believes 94 #ae4 ,h] only notewor?y a*ievem5t 0 t %e _h nam$ h] tw9 sons ,m>quis de ,lafayette ,r&all & ,lor5zo de ,m$ici ,r&all4 #af4 ,i wond] :o c\ld describe ^? wond]ful coral g>d5s on :i* we gaz$ ?r\gh tw5ty fa?oms ( cry/al wat]4 ,,lxxix4 ,,review ,,( ,,clauses #cac4 ,we h le>n$ t clauses may be indep5d5t or dep5d5t2 t dep5d5t clauses may be us$ l n\ns1 adjectives1 or adv]bs2 t adjective clauses may be re/rictive or unre/rictive2 t adv]bial clauses may d5ote v>i\s circum/ances1 su* z "t1 place1 mann]1 etc42 t dep5d5t clauses are introduc$ by "s ^w t indicates _! dep5d5ce4 ,ex]cise #a4--,/udy aga9 ,lessons ,,xviii1 ,,xx1 ,,lxvi-,,lxxviii1 & !n make an outl9e ( ! subject1 ,clauses1 hav+ = y\r ma9 topics1-- 7#a7 ,classification4 7#b7 ,introductory ^w4 7#c7 ,use4 ,make a good orig9al s5t5ce to illu/rate ea* po9t4 ,ex]cise #b4--;,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,?\gh ,diana look$ v old1 %e look$ exactly ! same dur+ all ! ye>s 9 :i* ,i knew h]2 & ,aunt ,m>ia1 :o _h kn[n h] all h] life1 said t %e _h nev] look$ any y\ng]4 #b4 ,! only diff]5ce betwe5 ! si/]s 0 t :ile ,mir&a only wond]$ h[ !y c\ld endure ,rebecca1 ,jane _h fla%es ( inspiration 9 :i* %e wond]$ h[ ,rebecca w\ld endure !m4 #c4 ,:e!r ! pigeons dropp$ exhau/$ on "s %ip & 7 help$ across ! ocean1 or :e!r "s /orm at sea swept !m away =ev]1 no "o ev] knew4 #d4 ,did "m "k :o br\ght ! sc>let-runn] se$s f ,:itti]'s bir?place8 #e4 ,i nev] q und]/ood :y a girl :o climb$ trees1 clung to ! tail end ( c>ts1 & o!rwise deport$ h]self z a well-condition$ girl %\ld n1 0 call$ a tomboy4 #f4 ,! boy rememb]s h[ 8 "m's anxiety 0 divid$ betwe5 ! set ( 8 turn-ov] coll>1 ! p>t+ ( 8 hair1 & 8 memory ( ! ,sunday-s*ool v]ses4 #g4 ,mo/ p ?9k t ! be/ ?+ !y c give to a cag$ bird is 8 lib]ty4 #h4 ,! horrible ?\ght came coldly ov] me t ! tig] 0 keep+ me company until a good *ance (f]$ = a spr+4 #i4 ,possibly ! reason :y monkeys h be5 s little on ! /age is t _! appe>ance !re w\ld emphasize too /rongly ! /rik+ simil>ity betwe5 man & monkey4 #aj4 ,an elephant :o w n "w & is n ti$ up is ab\t z manageable z an eighty-"o ton gun 9 a heavy seaway4 #aa4 ,no?+ clev]] ?an 0 ,m\ffl\ _h ev] walk$ ^u f\r legs4 #ab4 ,! tru? is t boys h always be5 s pl5ty t !y are n half appreciat$4 #ac4 ,! pr(essor 0 s pleas$ ) 8 witticism t ,i 0 let (f )\t ev5 a scold+4 #ad4 ,^? ,indian nations :o /ill pres]ve _! anci5t mode ( life1 h dogs :i* be> a /rong resemblance to wolves4 #ae4 ,! p>tridge rememb]$ ! "t :5 ! *ickadees _h seem$ su* big1 important creatures4 ,criticize ! use ( betwe5 9 s5t5ce #f4 ,,lxxx4 ,,review ,,( ,,pron\ns #cad4 ,we h le>n$ t pron\ns may be classifi$ z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,p]sonal pron\ns4 7#b7 ,comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns4 7#c7 ,int]rogative pron\ns4 7#d7 ,adjective pron\ns4 7#e7 ,relative pron\ns4 7#f7 ,indef9ite pron\ns4 ,ex]cise #a4--,/udy aga9 ,lessons ,v1 ,,xxxix-,,xliii1 ,,xlviii1 ,,lxxvi1 ,,lxxviii1 & !n be prep>$ to expla9 ea* class ( pron\n1 & to tell ! v>i\s uses ( ea* class4 ,illu/rate ea* po9t ) an orig9al s5t5ce or ) "o t y y\rself h f\nd 9 "s book4 ,ex]cise #b4--,p>se all ! pron\ns 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,if !re is any?+ peculi> 9 ! use ( any pron\n1 comm5t ^u x4 7,see pp4 #ajj1 #ajf1 #ajh1 #abb1 #aig47 #a4 ,:at 0 ! ,great ,/one ,face8 #b4 ,to make a qu>rel ne$s1 inde$1 two2 b to make peace ne$s only "o4 #c4 ,:5 ! sw>m comes out1 x consi/s ( bo? old & "y bees1 &1 inde$1 "s say t ! old que5 leads !m1 & ! "y "o takes h] vacant ?rone4 #d4 ,we c\ld easily surmise :o ! ,hall[e5 rascals 71 b :at 0 ! t]rify+ app>atus !y appli$ to our w9d[ panes we c\ld n imag9e4 #e4 ,all ( ?is is m9e & ?9e4 #f4 ,attract$ by ! smell ei!r ( ! newly kill$ wat]buck or ( ourselves1 ! hungry lions 7 /orm+ our position4 #g4 ,oh1 give me my l[ly ?at*$ cottage aga94 #h4 ,! int]ior ( ,/4 ,paul's is j :at "o w\ld expect aft] view+ ! outside4 ,a maze ( gr& ar*es on e side encompasses ! dome1 :i* y gaze up at z at ! sky2 & f e pill> & wall look d[n ! m>ble =ms ( ! dead4 #i4 ,by ! :olesome law ( ! prairie1 he :o falls asleep on gu>d is condemn$ to walk all day4 #aj4 ,:o has sight s ke5 & /rong ,t x c foll[ ! flight ( song8 #aa4 ,! s*oolh\se 0 a high brick build+1 & ! y>d itself 0 made ( brick4 #ab4 ,! ,eskimo dogs are ( great use to _! ma/]s 9 discov]+ by ! sc5t ! w9t] retreats :i* ! be>s make "u ! sn[4 #ac4 ,! ,taj ,mahal is a ,mohamm$an tomb1 ! tomb ( ! favorite wife ( an ,indian ,mogul4 ,x is h] tomb1 & also 8 own1 = he lies beside h]1 & x 0 built 9 compliance ) a reque/ ( h]s be=e %e di$4 #ad4 ,i procur$ a b[l ( s\p f ! /ew>d1 b z ,i 0 n able to eat x1 ,i gave x to an old man ^: hungry look & wi/ful eyes conv9c$ me x w\ld n be lo/ on him4 #ae4 ,:at's a fair or noble face ,if ! m9d ignoble be8 #af4 ,keep fre% ! grass on ,wordswor?'s grave1 ,o ,ro?a1 ) ?y liv+ wave6 ,s+ him ?y be/6 = few or none ,he>s ?y voice "r1 n[ he is gone4 ,,lxxxi4 ,,inf9itives #cae4 ,look at ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- ,d>e to be true4 ,x is high "t to g4 ,! bi%op seem$ to h talk$ ) angels4 ,y ought to h be5 pay+ att5tion4 ,we h "h c]ta9 v]b =ms1--to be1 to g1 to h talk$1 to h be5 pay+1--:i* are v famili> to all ( u1 b :i* we h n yet /udi$4 ,!y are n =ms ( ! indicative1 subjunctive1 or imp]ative mode1 nor are !y l any ( ! v]b phrases t we h exam9$4 ,!y all beg9 ) ! ^w to1 & !y conta9 two1 ?ree1 or f\r words1 ! la/ ( :i* is ! important "o4 ,we call ^! gr\ps ( words inf9itives4 #caf4 ,an intransitive v]b has f\r inf9itives1 two ( !m d5ot+ a pres5t action1 h5ce call$ pres5t inf9itives2 & ! o!r two d5ot+ an action already complet$1 h5ce call$ p]fect inf9itives4 ,! f\r inf9itives ( ! intransitive v]b laugh are ^!3-- ,,pres5t ,,p]fect to laugh to h laugh$ to be laugh+ to h be5 laugh+ ,:i* two ( ^! inf9itives belong to ! progressive conjugation8 #cag4 ,transitive v]bs h six inf9itives4 ,! inf9itives ( ! transitive v]b eat are ^!3-- ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,active to eat to h eat5 ,active ,progressive to be eat+ to h be5 eat+ ,passive to be eat5 to h eat5 #cah4 ,! inf9itives above are call$ inf9itives ) to1 because !y beg9 ) ! ^w to4 ,?is ^w is n us$ z a preposition1 b m]ely z a sort ( h&le1 or introduction1 to ! inf9itive4 #cai4 ,besides ! inf9itive ) to !re is ano!r =m call$ ! inf9itive 9 -+4 ,! inf9itives 9 -+ ( ! v]b eat are ^!3-- ,,pres5t ,,p]fect ,active eat+ hav+ eat5 ,active ,progressive hav+ be5 eat+ ,passive be+ eat5 hav+ be5 eat5 ,:at are ! inf9itives 9 -+ ( ! v]b laugh8 ,:i* two =ms does x lack8 ,f9d ! inf9itives 9 -+ 9 ^! s5t5ces3-- ,he 0 f9$ = los+ 8 temp]4 8,be+ a ,boy0 is ! title ( a book4 ,he 0 vex$ at hav+ misspell$ s _m words4 #cbj4 ,all inf9itives are =ms ( v]bs1 b !y _c be pr$icate v]bs because !y d n ass]t4 ,!y are spok5 ( z v]bals4 #cba4 ,a v]bal is us$ 9 a s5t5ce l "s "p ( spee*1--a n\n1 an adjective1 or an adv]b4 ,! inf9itive is mo/ frequ5tly us$ l a n\n4 ,! inf9itive 9 -+ is v mu* l a n\n 9 ano!r respect too1--x names ! action or /ate t ! pr$icate v]b ass]ts4 ,if we %\ld ask = ! "n ( any action t we saw a p]son p]=m+1 ! answ] w\ld be an inf9itive 9 -+2 z1 reap+1 m[+1 pl[+1 driv+4 #cbb4 ,! inf9itive 9 -+ is s mu* l a n\n t x c be modifi$ by a possessive n\n or pron\n4 ,we say1 8,y\r w9n+ ! victory dep5ds on y\r keep+ cool40 8,! f>m]'s *agr9 0 due to 8 hay's hav+ spoil$40 ,expla9 ! use ( all ! possessives 9 ^! s5t5ces4 ,,note4--,! inf9itive 9 -+ is (t5 call$ a g]und4 #cbc4 ,! inf9itive may take ! same complem5ts & modifi]s t any o!r =m ( ! same v]b might take4 ,! inf9itive1 toge!r ) all ! words associat$ ) x1 makes an inf9itive phrase4 ,! base ^w ( an inf9itive phrase is always an inf9itive4 ,:at are ! inf9itive phrases 9 all ! illu/rative s5t5ces 9 ?is lesson8 ,summ>y4--,a v]bal is a v]b =m t d5otes action or be+ )\t ass]t+ x4 ,a v]bal is us$ 9 a s5t5ce z a n\n1 an adjective1 or an adv]b4 ,an inf9itive is a v]bal t is g5]ally us$ z a n\n4 ,!re are two classes ( inf9itives1--! inf9itive ) to1 & ! inf9itive 9 -+4 ,! inf9itive has two t5ses1--pres5t & p]fect4 ,! inf9itive may be active or passive or progressive4 ,an inf9itive phrase is a gr\p ( words consi/+ ( an inf9itive toge!r ) its complem5t & modifi]s4 ,ex]cise #a4--,write all ! inf9itives ( ! v]bs be1 br+1 come1 f9d1 freeze1 g1 leave1 seem1 ta/e1 turn4 ,ex]cise #b4--,select all ! inf9itive phrases 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,tell ! voice & t5se ( ea* inf9itive4 ,,model--,x is h>d to tea* an old dog new tricks4 ,to tea* an old dog new tricks is an inf9itive phrase4 ,to tea* is ! pres5t active inf9itive ( ! transitive v]b tea*4 #a4 ,am ,i to give a reason = all ,i *oose to d8 #b4 ,! *]ry pie seem$ to h be5 left 9 ! refrig]ator = t hungry "y pair4 #c4 ,driv+ betwe5 ^! long l9es ( da9ty-fl[]+ & sweet-smell+ r[s ( h$ges is v delightful4 #d4 ,all ! l9es ( pa9 smoo!d out ( h] br[1 & %e seem$ to be peacefully sleep+4 #e4 ,! lights _h be5 ext+ui%$1 ! buoys remov$1 & ! :ole coa/ seem$ to h gone back hundr$s ( ye>s4 #f4 ,y\r hav+ giv5 me ! op]a glasses is no reason t y h a "r to borr[ !m cont9ually4 #g4 ,any *ild %\ld "k t a hot /ove is a ?+ to be avoid$1 b ,i did n seem to realize ! fact4 #h4 ,! boy w\ld l to h ?r[n a /one at ! wagon4 #i4 ,did y m9d be+ reprov$ by y\r "m = sitt+ up s late8 #aj4 ,x 0 already pa/ ! appo9t$ h\r = ,mr4 ,cobb & 8 coa* to be lumb]+ d[n ! /reet4 #aa4 ,f h] hav+ be5 /ay+ at ! ,antl]s ! entire season1 ,i %\ld judge h] to be weal?y4 #ab4 ,scrooge 0 n a man to be fright5$ by e*oes4 #ac4 ,!re's no use 9 mak+ two bites ( a *]ry4 #ad4 ,! fact ( ! lett]'s hav+ be5 op5$ 0 evid5t1 b x c\ld n be prov$ aga9/ ! mail c>ri]4 ,tell ! "p ( spee* & use ( y\r1 s5t5ce #f1 h] #aa1 lett]'s #ad4 ,,lxxxii4 ,,inf9itives ,,z ,,subjects ,,or ,,complem5ts #cbd4 ,if we wi% to make an ass]tion ab\t a p]son1 a place1 or an object1 we use a n\n = ! base ^w ( our subject2 b if we wi% to make an ass]tion ab\t an action1 we use an inf9itive or an inf9itive phrase = subject2 z1 8,j to brea! ! air & feel "o's self alive 0 en\gh10 8,go+ aft] ! c[s 0 a s]i\s ?+ 9 my day40 #cbe4 ,we h se5 t a n\n clause us$ z subject may be ?r[n to ! end ( ! s5t5ce by means ( ! anticipative subject x2 z1 8,x is a good ?+ t somebody likes to cook40 ,9 ! same way an inf9itive phrase us$ z subject may come aft] ! pr$icate2 z1 8,x pleas$ ! jackal to see ,"m & ,fa!r ,wolf look uncom=table40 ,reca/ ?is s5t5ce1 omitt+ x4 #cbf4 ,! inf9itive phrase is (t5 us$ z ! object ( a v]b4 ,n all transitive v]bs1 h[ev]1 c be complet$ by inf9itives--only ^? :i* c take = an object ! "n ( an action or a condition2 z1 8,! cl\d began to s9k s(tly d[n to ! e>?10 8,aft] a /ruggle ,bess gave up us+ two lumps ( sug> 9 h] c(fee40 ,:y _c ! v]bs break1 br+1 buy1 cut1 eat1 & pl[ take inf9itives = objects8 #cbg4 ,! inf9itive is us$ z a subjective complem5t ( an intransitive v]b 9 two ways t diff] slightly2 z1 8,! hunt]'s fir/ impulse 0 to laugh at 8 own folly10 8,no trees ( any magnitude 7 to be se540 ,9 ! fir/ s5t5ce ! inf9itive phrase1 to laugh at 8 own folly1 completes ! v]b 0 & expla9s j :at ! impulse 01 h5ce x d5otes id5tity ) ! subject4 ,its use is precisely l t ( ! ^w dime 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,my #8lucky p5ny' is a silv] dime10 h5ce we say t x is us$ l a n\n4 ,9 ! second s5t5ce x is cle> t ! inf9itive to be se5 completes ! v]b 7 & tells some?+ ab\t ! subject1 h5ce x mu/ be a subjective complem5t4 ,b in/ead ( be+ us$ l a n\n to d5ote id5tity ) ! subject1 x is equival5t to ! adjective visible1 h5ce may be said to be us$ l an adjective4 ,summ>y4--,! inf9itive phrase may be ! subject ( a v]b1 ! object ( a v]b1 or a subjective complem5t4 ,by means ( ! anticipative subject x1 ! real subject1 an inf9itive phrase1 may be plac$ at ! end ( ! s5t5ce4 ,z subjective complem5t ! inf9itive phrase may h ! use ( a n\n or ( an adjective4 ,ex]cise4--,tell ! grammatical use ( all inf9itive phrases 9 ^! s5t5ces1 & classify all inf9itives3-- #a4 ,m[gli said t he nev] wi%$ to see1 or he>1 or smell man aga94 #b4 ,t :i* mo/ resembles liv+ "o's life ov] aga9 is recall+ all ! circum/ances ( x & record+ !m 9 writ+4 #c4 ,to fit out a fleet1 & to levy & equip an army1 & to cont9ue ! =ces ?us rais$ 9 action dur+ a long & unc]ta9 campaign w\ld co/ a l>ge sum ( money4 #d4 ,:5 ! days beg9 to l5g!n1 ,!n ! cold beg9s to /r5g!n4 #e4 ,x is delightful to look ^u ! *>m+ c\ntry :i* spr+s up "u a wat]+-pot sky4 #f4 ,"o ( ! be/ ?+s 9 f>m life is ga!r+ ! *e/nuts1 hickory nuts1 butt]nuts1 & bee*nuts4 #g4 ,speak+ ( ,lat9 rem9ds me t ,i once taught my c[s ,lat94 #h4 ,! qua9t1 picturesque old t[n seems to bri/le ) =ts4 #i4 ,:5 ,i want$ to hit a m>k1 my usual way 0 to aim at some?+ else4 #aj4 ,! "o idea 9 ,m[gli's head 0 to get ,messua & h] husb& out ( ! trap4 #aa4 ,?is boy 0 s =w>d 9 dome/ic arts t he und]took sew+ on ! ma*9e :5 he 0 only five ye>s old4 #ab4 ,x is bad mann]s to f9d fault ) y\r food at ! table4 #ac4 ,to climb a tree & %ake x1 to club x1 to /rip x ( its fruit1 & pass to ! next1 is ! sport ( a brief "t4 #ad4 ,"o ( ,jakie's amusem5ts 0 danc+ across ! back ( a tall *air1 tak+ funny little /eps1 com+ d[n h>d1 j\nc+ 8 body1 & :i/l+ z l\d z he c\ld4 #ae4 ,! ,engli%man le>n$ to fight f beh9d a tree1 to foll[ a trail1 & to cov] 8 body ) hemlock b\ghs = disguise4 #af4 ,x exactly suits ! temp]am5t ( a real boy to be v busy ab\t no?+4 #ag4 ,trott+ on city pavem5ts is v h>d on ! dray horses4 #ah4 ,! rew>d ( a good s5t5ce is to h writt5 x4 ,tell ! "p ( spee* & use ( t & :i* 9 s5t5ce #b1 sum #c1 !n #d1 ye>s #aa4 ,:at is ! object ( f 9 s5t5ce #ae8 ,?9k ( simil> expressions4 ,,lxxxiii4 ,,inf9itives ,,z ,,modifi]s ,,( ,,n\ns #cbh4 ,! inf9itive phrase is (t5 a modifi] ( a n\n1 & may be us$ ei!r l an adjective or l an appositive4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,ulf /ill _h a "n to w910 :at n\n does ! inf9itive modify8 ,h[ d y "k8 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! mayor gave ! ord] to close ! skat+ r9k10 ! inf9itive phrase to close ! skat+ r9k modifies ! n\n ord] by tell+ exactly :at ! ord] 02 h5ce we mu/ say t x is 9 apposition ) ord]4 #cbi4 ,! inf9itive 9 -+ is n us$ z an adjective modifi] ( a n\n except 9 "s comp\nd words l ^!3 roll+-p91 laugh+/ock1 meet+h\se1 draw+-room4 #ccj4 ,(t5 ! inf9itive 9 -+ is us$ 9 apposition1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,h] h\sehold tasks1 keep+ ! b$rooms tidy & c>+ = ! can>y birds1 left h] little "t = music practice40 ,summ>y4--,! inf9itive phrase may modify a n\n ei!r z an adjective or z an appositive4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! inf9itive phrases1 & expla9 ! use ( ea*4 ,classify also ea* inf9itive1 z 9 ! prec$+ ex]cise4 #a4 ,is ?is a "t to be cl\dy & sad ,:5 our ,"m ,nature laughs ar\nd8 #b4 ,z ! ,cl\d became l>g]1 ?is wi% to d some?+ = ! p ( e>? 0 ev] great] 9 h] he>t4 #c4 ,?is is y\r la/ *ance to see ,*icago1 ,tom4 #d4 ,day aft] day "m sat at ! ea/ w9d[ engag$ 9 h] favorite pa/ime--mak+ some?+ da9ty & beautiful ) h] ne$le4 #e4 ,almo/ all p]sons :o travel 9 ,switz]l& h a great desire to g to ! top ( at lea/ "o ( ! t[]+ peaks !y see ab\t !m4 #f4 ,n[ br+ u some?+ to eat4 ,i h n pati5ce to wait1 = ,i am rav5\sly hungry4 #g4 ,! fir/ tracks to meet our eyes 7 ! delicate footpr9ts ( ! r$ squirrel4 #h4 ,! ,colonel's only =m ( ex]cise1 rid+ horseback e ev5+1 made him a famili> figure ?r\gh\t ! city4 #i4 ,no?+ pleas$ ! dog m ?an an ord] to g & fet* ! c[4 #aj4 ,to ! de] a my/]y means some?+ to be solv$4 #aa4 ,a /range long+ to foll[ ! swan took possession ( ea* ( ! "y birds4 #ab4 ,a que] freak ( my *ew9k 0 h] det]m9ation to get h] feet into h] food4 #ac4 ,nev] lose an opportunity to see any?+ beautiful4 #ad4 ,?is fa!r 0 ! comrade ( 8 son1 made s by ! memory ( 8 own boyhood sports1--play+ baseball on ! common1 swimm+ 9 ! lake (f ,mill]'s ,po9t1 skat+ out to ,g>lic ,isl&1 & ga!r+ hickory nuts & hazelnuts 9 ! autumn woods4 ,classify ! dep5d5t clauses 9 s5t5ces1 #a1 #b1 #e1 #i4 ,tell ! "p ( spee* & use ( figure1 s5t5ce #h4 ,,lxxxiv4 ,,inf9itives ,,z ,,p>ts ,,( 8,,d\ble ,,objects40 ,,z ,,modifi]s ,,( ,,v]bs #cca4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,i want my fri5ds to believe 9 me10 we f9d ! v]b to be want4 ,if we ask ! "q want :at8 ! answ] is ! gr\p ( words my fri5ds to believe 9 me2 h5ce we are sure t ?is gr\p ( words is ! object4 ,b ?is object is diff]5t f any gr\p ( words t we h /udi$ hi!rto4 ,x does n consi/ ( a base ^w & modifi]s1 b in/ead x consi/s ( two p>ts t are equally important4 ,^! are my fri5ds & ! inf9itive phrase to believe 9 me4 ,! phrase is n a modifi] ( fri5ds1 b has ! logical relation ( pr$icate to fri5ds1 z may be prov$ by *ang+ ! :ole gr\p ( words to a n\n clause1 t my fri5ds %\ld believe 9 me4 ,:5 ! object ( a v]b consi/s ( two p>ts1 a n\n elem5t & an inf9itive1 hav+ to ea* o!r ! logical relation ( subject & pr$icate1 we call ! :ole gr\p a d\ble object4 #ccb4 ,al?\gh ! relation betwe5 ! two p>ts ( a d\ble object is logically t ( subject & pr$icate1 /ill ?is relation is n grammatically express$4 ,a d\ble object does n make s5se /&+ alone1 & we _c speak ( ! inf9itive 9 a d\ble object z a pr$icate1 = an inf9itive _c ass]t4 ,x is cu/om>y1 h[ev]1 to speak ( ! n\n elem5t 9 a d\ble object z ! subject ( ! inf9itive4 ,! subject ( an inf9itive is always 9 ! objective case1 z may be pla9ly se5 by sub/itut+ a pron\n = ! n\n us$ z subject4 ,9 ! s5t5ce quot$1 ! pron\n t might take ! place ( my fri5ds is ! objective pron\n !m4 #ccc4 ,an inf9itive 9 -+ is (t5 us$ z "p ( a d\ble object2 z1 8,i he> _! voices r++ 9 m]ry *ildi% glee10 8,i c see 8 gallant figure com+ d[n ! road40 #ccd4 ,notice t a d\ble object is n two objects ( equal rank1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,i want peace & quiet20 b is "o object consi/+ ( two equal p>ts s closely relat$1 t nei!r ( ^! p>ts c\ld be ! object if us$ )\t ! o!r4 #cce4 ,:5 ! inf9itive ) to is us$ aft] ! v]bs he> & see1 z well z aft] feel1 let1 make1 ! to ( ! inf9itive is omitt$2 z1 8,did y he> me 7to7 rap at y\r door80 8,let u 7to7 be true to "o ano!r10 8,! mosquitoes made u 7to7 g indoors40 ,f9d & expla9 ! d\ble objects 9 ea* ( ^! ?ree s5t5ces4 #ccf4 ,:5 a s5t5ce conta9+ a d\ble object is *ang$ to ! passive voice1 ! n\n elem5t ( ! d\ble object becomes ! subject ( ! passive v]b1 & ! inf9itive phrase becomes ! subjective complem5t ( ! v]b4 ,*ange ?is s5t5ce to ! passive voice & expla9 ! *ange1 8,we expect$ ,john to decorate ! banquet room40 #ccg4 ,we h se5 t ! inf9itive may be us$ z ! complem5t ( a v]b 9 sev]al ways3 x may be ! direct object ( a v]b1 or ! subjective complem5t1 or "p ( a d\ble object4 ,!re is ano!r v common relation ( ! inf9itive to a v]b1 z %[n 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,"s p]sons live to eat40 ,! inf9itive to eat is 9 ! pr$icate1 b x is n an object ( ! v]b live1 nei!r is x a subjective complem5t4 ,h[ d we "k ?is8 ,z ! inf9itive answ]s ! "q = :at purpose8 we conclude t x is a modifi] ( ! v]b live4 ,fur!rmore1 x c\ld be exp&$ into ! adv]bial clause ( purpose1 t !y may eat4 ,! inf9itive d5ot+ purpose is v common1 z se5 9 ! famili> s5t5ces3 8,we g to s*ool to le>n10 8,we /ood up to see10 8,i sat d[n to re/40 ,summ>y4--,an inf9itive phrase & a n\n1 hav+ ! logical relation ( subject & pr$icate1 may =m ! d\ble object ( "s transitive v]bs4 ,an inf9itive phrase d5ot+ ! purpose ( an action may be us$ to modify a v]b4 ,ex]cise #a4--,write s5t5ces conta9+ d\ble objects ( ! v]bs cause1 desire1 expect1 feel1 he>1 let1 make1 ord]1 see1 wi%4 ,expla9 :y !re are no d\ble objects 9 ^! s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,!y c\ld get no wat] to dr9k4 #b4 ,he has an ax to gr9d4 #c4 ,we f\nd pl5ty to eat4 #d4 ,%e b\ght a rose to we>4 #e4 ,i made a cake to sell4 ,ex]cise #b4--;,expla9 ! use ( all inf9itive phrases 9 ^! s5t5ces4 ,classify ! inf9itives4 #a4 ,! boy made up 8 m9d t he w\ld take two ( ! :elps home ) him to be br\ght up 9 ! ways ( civilization4 #b4 ,9 happy homes he saw ! light ,( h\sehold fires gleam w>m & bright4 #c4 ,m r>ely a fox or a hy5a quick5$ 8 gallop to /udy ! intrud] at a safe di/ance4 #d4 ,:5 ! c> /opp$ & ,i look$ up at ! w9d[ ) ! p9k g]anium1 ,i saw "m wait+ to welcome me4 #e4 ,! :ole family w5t to ! /ation to see u (f4 #f4 ,i d n q "k :at caus$ me to lift my head f ! fri5dly %elt] ( ! blanket4 #g4 ,he felt 8 swift craft quiv] ) life b5ea? him 9 response to ! rhy?mic /roke ( ! o>sm54 #h4 ,jupit] bu/l$ ab\t to prep>e "s m>% h5s = supp]4 #i4 ,to keep ! artill]y dry1 we /uff$ wads ( loose hemp into ! muzzles1 & fitt$ wood5 pegs to ! t\* holes4 #aj4 ,d[n ! elm-bord]$ road we two walk$ t[>d ! sunset1 & wat*$ ! mi/s ris+ gho/like f ! fields4 #aa4 ,m[gli he>d ! s\nd rumble1 & rise1 & fall1 & die (f 9 a creepy sort ( :9e beh9d him4 #ab4 ,at recess ! next noon ! ,c5tip$es met 9 a corn] ( ! s*ooly>d to talk ov] ! propos$ l>k4 #ac4 ,our ,heav5ly ,fa!r himself has plant$ t pea1 & made x gr[ & blossom to br+ joy to y & hope to me1 my bless$ *ild4 #ad4 ,ne>ly all ! f9e/ diamonds 9 ! _w are br\ght to ,am/]dam to be cut into %ape4 #ae4 ,x 0 ,long ,tom :o taught ,h>vey to %oot at a m>k ) a revolv]4 #af4 ,he's gone to fight ! ,fr5* = ,k+ ,george ^u 8 ?rone4 #ag4 ,we he>d ! mead[ l>ks s++ _! wi/ful songs1 b always in/ead ( ! black he>ts ^u _! yell[ brea/s !y %[$ u j ! two :ite fea!rs 9 _! tails4 ,*ange s5t5ces #b1 #d1 #aj1 #aa1 #ac1 #ag to ! passive voice1 & expla9 ! *ange 9 ! use ( ! inf9itive4 ,,lxxxv4 ,,o!r ,,uses ,,( ,,inf9itives #cch4 ,! mo/ frequ5t use ( ! inf9itive 9 -+ is z ! object ( a preposition2 z1 8,i am tir$ ( do+ no?+10 8,he e>n$ a liv+ by %>p5+ scissors40 #cci4 ,! inf9itive 9 -+1 l ! n\n1 may be ! object ( any preposition1 b ! inf9itive ) to is us$ z ! object ( v few prepositions1 only ab\t1 except1 b1 & save1 ! la/ two mean+ except4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,he ate no?+ b bananas10 ! object ( ! preposition b mu/ be a n\n because x mu/ be ! "n ( a food4 ,b 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,he did no?+ b play t5nis10 ! object ( b mu/ be an inf9itive because x mu/ be ! "n ( an action4 ,,note4--,we (t5 he> ! expression 8,i 0 ab\t to say40 ,9 ?is famili> idiom ! prepositional phrase ab\t to say is us$ z ! subjective complem5t ( ! v]b 04 ,h[ d we "k ?is8 ,:at is ! use ( ! inf9itive to say8 #cdj4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! g5tleman drew out ! *air = ! lady to sit d[n10 if we ask ! "q = :at8 we get ! answ] ! lady to sit d[n1 h5ce ! gr\p ( words ! lady to sit d[n mu/ be ! object ( ! preposition =4 ,b ?is gr\p ( words consi/s ( two p>ts1 ! lady & ! inf9itive phrase to sit d[n1 :i* h ! logical relation ( subject & pr$icate1 h5ce we conclude t ! preposition = may take a d\ble object4 #cda4 ,! s5t5ces1 8,%eep are apt10 8,i am sorry10 8,! travel] 0 glad10 are all incomplete4 ,we wi% to "k 9 :at respect %eep are apt1 :at ,i am sorry ab\t1 :at ! travel] 0 glad (4 ,9 o!r words1 ! adjectives apt1 sorry1 & glad ne$ a modifi] to make ! s5t5ce complete 9 mean+4 ,?is modifi] may be an inf9itive1 8,%eep are apt to get lo/10 8,i am sorry to leave ,w>wick10 8,! travel] 0 glad to see 8 home aga940 ,we le>n f ^! s5t5ces t an inf9itive phrase may modify an adjective4 ,ex]cise4--,complete ! foll[+ s5t5ces by inf9itive phrases4 ,:at d y\r phrases modify8 ,h[ d y "k8 #a4 ,?is *ild is too "y-- #b4 ,a man ( tw5ty-five is old en\gh-- #c4 ,! wat] 0 s deep z-- #d4 ,! g5]al 0 anxi\s-- #e4 ,"s lessons are n easy-- #cdb4 ,! inf9itive may be us$ indep5d5tly2 z1 8,to be frank1 ,i d n l x40 8,to make a long /ory %ort1 we 7 utt]ly defeat$40 #cdc4 ,a common error is ! use ( ! p]fect inf9itive = ! pres5t4 ,x is prop] to say1 8,i ought to h gone10 :5 we mean t ! "t ( ! go+ 0 9 ! pa/2 z1 8,i ought to h gone !n1 or ye/]day1 or a ye> ago40 ,b :5 we mean t ! go+ is at ! pres5t "t or is to be 9 ! future1 !n we %\ld use ! pres5t inf9itive1 & say1 8,i ought to g40 ,:at is ! diff]5ce 9 ! mean+ ( ! foll[+ pairs ( s5t5ces8 #a4 ,i am sorry to (f5d y4 ,i am sorry to h (f5d$ y4 #b4 ,i am glad to see y4 ,i am glad to h se5 y4 #c4 ,! tra9 is report$ to be late4 ,! tra9 is report$ to h be5 late4 #d4 ,! man is said to be a c&idate4 ,! man is said to h be5 a c&idate4 ,x is evid5t f ! f\r pairs ( s5t5ces above t "s v]bs 9 ! pres5t t5se may be foll[$ by ei!r a pres5t or a p]fect inf9itive4 ,?is is likewise true ( "s v]bs 9 ! pa/ t5se4 ,we say1 8,he seem$ to be sleep+10 mean+ t he 0 sleep+ at ! "t we not$ 8 appe>ance4 ,we also say1 8,he seem$ to h be5 sleep+10 mean+ t he _h slept be=e we not$ 8 appe>ance4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce 9 ! mean+ ( ! foll[+ pairs ( s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,wa%+ton 0 nev] kn[n to fight a duel4 ,hamilton 0 kn[n to h f\ght a duel4 #b4 ,! %ip 0 report$ to be wreck$4 ,! %ip 0 report$ to h be5 wreck$4 #c4 ,! *ild appe>$ to lead ! old man4 ,! *ild appe>$ to h l$ ! old man4 ,s9ce ! v]bs desire1 expect1 hope1 want1 & wi% ref] to some?+ 9 ! pres5t or ! future1 b nev] 9 ! pa/1 !y _c be foll[$ by a p]fect inf9itive4 ,x is absurd to say1 8,i hop$ to h se5 y10 8,i expect$ to h gone10 8,i wi%$ to h /ay$40 ,we %\ld say3-- ,i desire to g4 ,i desir$ to g4 ,i expect to be !re4 ,i expect$ to be !re4 ,i hope to pass4 ,i hop$ to pass4 ,i want to "k4 ,i want$ to "k4 ,i wi% to speak4 ,i wi%$ to speak4 ,summ>y4--,! inf9itive phrase may be us$ z ! object ( a preposition4 ,! preposition = may take a d\ble object4 ,! inf9itive phrase may modify an adjective4 ,! inf9itive phrase may be us$ indep5d5tly4 ,ex]cise4--,expla9 ! use ( ea* inf9itive phrase4 ,classify ea* inf9itive4 #a4 ,! cat 0 j ab\t to spr+ ^u ! w9d[ sill :]e ! bird cage sat1 :5 ,paul %\t$ out a w>n+4 #b4 ,i am p]fectly will+ to d9e 9 ! kit*5 beside ?is cool nor? w9d[4 #c4 ,! gay y\?s sp5t _! "t 9 walk+1 hunt+1 fi%+1 fea/+1 & danc+4 #d4 ,x 0 s cold at ,petoskey 9 ,july t ! hotel proprietor furni%$ a l>ge lamp = u to heat our room by4 #e4 ,! *]ries grew too high to be pick$ except by ! rob9s4 #f4 ,my lot 0 inde$ a h>d "o2 ,i 0 too old to play out ( doors ) my bro!rs1 & too "y to g to p>ties ) my si/]s4 #g4 ,aft] supp]1 ! boy :o has done no?+ all day b turn gr9d/one1 & spread hay1 & run 8 little legs (f at ev]ybody's beck & call1 is s5t on "s err& or "s h\sehold *ore le/ "t may hang heavy on 8 h&s4 #h4 ,b>k is only good to %>p5 claws4 #i4 ,john 0 hungry en\gh to h eat5 ! ,new ,engl& ,prim]4 #aj4 ,frankl9 0 employ$ 9 cutt+ wicks = ! c&les1 fill+ ! molds = ca/ c&les1 att5d+ ! %op1 go+ ( err&s1 etc4 #aa4 ,to tell ! tru?1 ,i pref] to /ay at home4 #ab4 ,! only way to make ! _w bett] is = ea* man to d 8 be/4 #ac4 ,a dog is good to bite p$dl]s & small *ildr51 & to run out & yelp at wagons t pass by1 & to h[l all night :5 ! moon %9es4 #ad4 ,to sum up1 ! inf9itive is us$ *iefly z a n\n1 b also z an adjective & an adv]b4 #ae4 ,! tea*]'s eyes glanc$ half a doz5 diff]5t ways at once1--a habit probably acquir$ f wat*+ ! boys4 #af4 ,none knew !e b to love !e1 ,nor nam$ !e b to praise4 #ag4 ,to see ! sp>ks ru% l sw>ms ( r$ bees skyw>d ?r\gh ! smoke is an exp]i5ce long to be rememb]$4 #ah4 ,to make way = hemp ! magnific5t =e/s ( ,k5tucky 7 fell$4 #ai4 ,! cr[ & ! blackbird seem to love ^! plants4 #bj4 ,x takes a hundr$ days to lift out ( ! t9y se$ ^! p[]ful holl[ /alks4 #ba4 ,! se$s fall to ! gr\nd1 !re to be fold$ 9 aga9/ ! "t :5 !y %all rise aga94 ,classify ! dep5d5t clauses 9 s5t5ce #a4 ,:at is ! object ( except 9 s5t5ce #e8 ,,lxxxvi4 ,,summ>y ,,( ,,inf9itives #cdd4 ,i4 ,,def9ition4--,an inf9itive is a v]bal n\n4 ,,ii4 ,,=ms4 #a4 ,! inf9itive ) to4 7a7 ,intransitive v]bs4 ,pres5t1 to g1 to be go+4 ,p]fect1 to h gone1 to h be5 go+4 7b7 ,transitive v]bs4 ,pres5t1 to see1 to be see+1 to be se54 ,p]fect1 to h se51 to h be5 see+1 to h be5 se54 #b4 ,! inf9itive 9 -+4 7a7 ,intransitive v]bs4 ,pres5t1 go+4 ,p]fect1 hav+ gone1 hav+ be5 go+4 7b7 ,transitive v]bs4 ,pres5t1 see+1 be+ se54 ,p]fect1 hav+ se51 hav+ be5 see+1 hav+ be5 se54 ,,iii4 ,,uses4 #a4 ,z a n\n4 7a7 ,subject ( a v]b4 ,to err is human4 ,hunt+ is a sport4 7b7 ,object ( a v]b4 ,he expects to w94 ,!y /opp$ work+4 7c7 ,subjective complem5t4 ,my desire is to own a boat4 ,8 task is fe$+ ! %eep4 7d7 ,appositive4 ,8 idea1 to use coal a%es1 0 c>ri$ out4 ,8 "w1 runn+ a ma*9e1 is monoton\s4 7e7 ,object ( a preposition4 ,! pati5t did no?+ b eat & sleep4 ,! *ild 0 prais$ = tell+ ! tru?4 #b4 ,z an adjective4 7a7 ,modify+ a n\n4 ,i h a g>d5 to make4 7b7 ,complet+ a v]b4 ,^! boats are n to let4 #c4 ,z an adv]b4 7a7 ,modify+ a v]b4 ,i w5t back to get "s mat*es4 7b7 ,modify+ an adjective4 ,we are sure to succe$4 #d4 ,z "p ( a d\ble object4 7a7 ,( a v]b4 ,i made h] tell me4 7b7 ,( a preposition4 ,i made room = h] to sit ) me4 #e4 ,indep5d5t use4 ,to speak pla9ly1 ,i don't believe x4 ,,lxxxvii4 ,,analysis ,,( ,,s5t5ces ,,conta9+ ,,inf9itive ,,phrases #cde4 ,! inf9itive phrase is analyz$ v mu* l a pr$icate4 ,fir/1 ! inf9itive %\ld be giv5 z ! base ^w2 !n its complem5t & modifi]s %\ld be giv54 ,,model4--,by ! law ( ! jungle ! tig] has no "r to *ange 8 qu>t]s )\t fair w>n+4 ,?is is a simple1 decl>ative s5t5ce4 ,! subject is ! tig]4 ,! pr$icate is has by ! law ( ! jungle no "r to *ange 8 qu>t]s )\t fair w>n+4 ,! pr$icate v]b is has2 x is complet$ by ! direct object no "r to *ange 8 qu>t]s )\t fair w>n+1 & !n modifi$ by ! prepositional phrase by ! law ( ! jungle4 ,! base ^w ( ! object is ! n\n "r2 x is modifi$ by ! inf9itive phrase to *ange 8 qu>t]s )\t fair w>n+1 & !n d5i$ by ! adjective no4 ,! base ^w ( ! inf9itive phrase is ! inf9itive to *ange2 x is complet$ by ! direct object 8 qu>t]s & modifi$ by ! prepositional phrase )\t fair w>n+4 ,! base ^w ( ! object is ! n\n qu>t]s1 modifi$ by ! possessive pron\n 84 ,! base ^w ( ! object ( ! preposition )\t is ! inf9itive w>n+1 :i* is modifi$ by ! adjective fair4 ,! base ^w ( ! object ( ! preposition by is ! n\n law1 :i* is modifi$ by ! prepositional phrase ( ! jungle & ! article !4 ,ex]cise4--,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,turn+ gr9d/ones to gr9d scy!s is "o ( ^? h]oic b unobtrusive occupations = :i* "o gets no cr$it4 #b4 ,"s books are to be ta/$1 o!rs to be swall[$1 & "s few to be *ew$ & dige/$4 #c4 ,:5 ,kotick felt 8 sk9 t+le all ov]1 8 "m told him he 0 le>n+ ! feel ( ! wat]4 #d4 ,"m made & embroid]$ a :ite l95 pocket = me to we> at my belt4 #e4 ,! neighbors & fri5ds did n wait = an invitation to g to ! h\se ( ! "y wife1 s impati5t 7 !y to see h] treasures4 #f4 ,! ,boy _h no desire to inve/igate fur!r1 ) ! risk ( f9d+ ! lynx at home4 #g4 ,x seems h>d any day to ?9k :at to h = d9n]4 #h4 ,! next ?+ 0 to cord up ! trunk1 & ,mr4 ,pet]k9 tri$ to move x4 #i4 ,i h se5 wild bees & butt]flies fe$+ at a height ( #ac1jjj feet above ! sea4 #aj4 ,if y we> an automobile veil to pick *]ries 91 ,i mu/ get an automobile to take y to ! *]ry trees4 #aa4 ,no p]son b y\rself is p]mitt$ to lift ?is /one or ent] ! cave4 #ab4 ,v sweet 7 ! *ild's ways ( lov+ h] fa!r1--putt+ fl[]s on 8 /udy table1 le>n+ to read s t %e c\ld read 8 books1 rea*+ up to rub h] *eek aga9/ 81 pray+ = him1 & lett+ him put h] to b$4 #ac4 ,! ,olde/ ,inhabitant refus$ to g to b$ on any t]ms1 b p]si/$ 9 sitt+ up 9 a rock+-*air until daybreak4 #ad4 ,! ,eskimo nev] kn[s :5 8 own "t may come to beg4 #ae4 ,fate tri$ to conceal him by nam+ him ,smi?4 #af4 ,! only dep>tm5t ( life 9 :i* ,mr4 ,r&all fail$ to %9e 0 ! mak+ ( suffici5t money to live ^u4 #ag4 ,he saw an eagle swoop across ! gigantic holl[1 b ! great bird dw9dl$ to a dot ere x 0 halfway ov]4 #ah4 ,aft] %e began we>+ ! bracelet1 %e 0 unwill+ to g )\t x ev5 = a day4 #ai4 ,hew+ wood & saw+ plank leave me no "t to take "p 9 disputes4 #bj4 ,! "o object ( ,polly's life 0 to get out ( h] cage4 #ba4 ,! skipp] _h tak5 8 little daught] to be> him company4 #bb4 ,e boy is anxi\s to be a man4 #bc4 ,a man has no m "r to say a rude ?+ to ano!r ?an to knock him d[n4 #bd4 ,to travel 9 ,switz]l& x is g5]ally necess>y to cross ! m\nta9s1 to g ar\nd ! sides1 or to g ?r\gh !m4 #be4 ,ev5 ! bl9d m5's dogs appe>$ to "k ,scrooge4 #bf4 ,let dogs delight to b>k & bite4 #bg4 ,:5 a be> kills a %eep1 he sk9s x deftly & has ! polit5ess to leave ! pelt 9 a neat bundle1 j to indicate to ! f>m] t he has be5 robb$ by a g5tleman4 #bh4 ,! fir/ tracks to meet _! eyes 7 ! delicate footpr9ts ( ! r$ squirrel4 #bi4 ,x is n good to make a je/ ( ?y tea*]4 #cj4 ,angels seem$ to h sat ) ,erne/ by ! fireside4 #ca4 ,my joy 0 great] ?an ,i c express :5 ,i saw ! tig] rise & sl9k into ! jungle4 ,,lxxxviii4 ,,p>ticiples #cdf4 ,9 ,lesson ,,liv we le>n$ t ! p]fect t5ses ( any v]b are =m$ by comb9+ c]ta9 auxili>ies ) ! pa/ p>ticiples ( ! v]b2 z1 8,i h he>d10 8,i _h he>d10 8,i %all h he>d40 ,we le>n$ also t ! pa/ p>ticiple is "o ( ! pr9cipal p>ts ( a v]b4 ,9 ,lesson ,,lv we le>n$ t ! passive voice ( any transitive v]b is =m$ by add+ its pa/ p>ticiple to ! conjugation ( ! v]b be2 z1 8,x is caught10 8,x 0 caught10 8,x w be caught40 ,9 ,lesson ,,lvi we le>n$ t ! pa/ p>ticiple ( a v]b may be us$ l an adjective z ! subjective complem5t ( a v]b2 z1 8,! potatoes seem done10 8,! fl[]s are )]$ n[40 #cdg4 ,9 ,lesson ,,lvii we le>n$ t ! pres5t p>ticiple ( a v]b always ends 9 -+1 & t ?is p>ticiple is us$ 9 =m+ ! progressive conjugation1 z1 8,i am sleep+10 8,i 0 sleep+10 8,i %all be sleep+40 ,we are ready n[ to /udy p>ticiples 9 all _! relations4 #cdh4 ,intransitive v]bs h f\r p>ticiples3-- ,,pres5t ,,pa/ ,,p]fect com+ come hav+ come ,progressive hav+ be5 com+ ,transitive v]bs h six p>ticiples3-- ,,pres5t ,,pa/ ,,p]fect ,active writ+ hav+ writt5 ,active ,progressive hav+ be5 writ+#a ,passive be+ writt5 writt5 hav+ be5 writt5 #a ,?is =m is r>ely us$4 ,! active p>ticiples d5ote action p]=m$2 !y make u ?9k ( ! do] ( ! action4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! passive p>ticiples d5ote action receiv$2 !y make u ?9k ( ! receiv] ( ! action4 ,! pres5t p>ticiple expresses action z /ill 9 progress2 ! pa/ p>ticiple expresses action complet$ 9 pa/ "t2 ! p]fect p>ticiple expresses pa/ action complet$ be=e "s p>ticul> pa/ "t4 #cdi4 ,! p>ticiple1 l ! inf9itive1 is a v]bal1 because x is a v]b =m )\t ! p[] to ass]t4 ,j z an inf9itive is (t5e/ us$ z a n\n1 s ! p>ticiple is (t5e/ us$ z an adjective2 t is1 x is usually associat$ ) "s n\n4 ,inde$1 x is by _! adjective use t we are able to di/+ui% p>ticiples f inf9itives 9 -+1 = 9 =m !y are almo/ exactly ! same4 ,:at n\ns d ! p>ticiples belong ) 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces8 ,i he> ! s\nd ( trickl+ wat]4 ,! lo/ *ild _h w&]$ f>4 ,! diamonds sp>kl+ 9 h] d>k hair rival$ ! />s4 ,! *air made two hundr$ ye>s ago tilt$ "o =w>d v uncom=tably4 #cej4 ,! p>ticiples us$ (t5e/ are ! simple/ ( all1 ! pres5t active p>ticiple & ! pa/ passive p>ticiple4 #cea4 ,a p>ticiple1 l an inf9itive1 may h all ! complem5ts & modifi]s t a v]b may h2 z1 8,! man turn+ ! swit* is fai?ful10 8,feel+ sleepy aft] lun*1 ,i took a nap40 ,! p>ticiple & all its accompany+ words =m toge!r a p>ticipial phrase4 ,summ>y4--,a p>ticiple is a v]bal t is g5]ally us$ z an adjective4 ,p>ticiples may be active or passive or progressive 9 mean+4 ,p>ticiples h ?ree t5ses1--pres5t1 pa/1 & p]fect4 ,! pres5t p>ticiple expresses cont9u+ action1 ! pa/ p>ticiple complet$ action1 & ! p]fect p>ticiple pa/ action complet$ be=e a p>ticul> "t4 ,p>ticiples h ! same complem5ts & modifi]s z v]bs4 ,a p>ticipial phrase is a gr\p ( words consi/+ ( a p>ticiple & its complem5t & modifi]s4 ,ex]cise #a4--;,=m all ! p>ticiples ( ! v]bs *oose1 draw1 dr9k1 g1 f9d1 "k1 tell1 ?9k1 turn1 %9e4 ,ex]cise #b4--,select all ! p>ticipial phrases 9 ^! s5t5ces4 ,tell :at n\n or pron\n !y belong )4 ,classify ! p>ticiples4 #a4 ,two *ildr5 sat on ! grass "u ! lilacs1 mak+ d&elion *a9s & talk+ happily4 #b4 ,^? ?ree tall poles n[ be+ lift$ to position w enable u to h a telephone4 #c4 ,f a little hill call$ ,hut*9son's ,hill y c\ld look ov] ?ree & a half miles ( gr\nd cov]$ ) fight+ seals4 #d4 ,hav+ giv5 away ! old c&le mold1 %e 0 anxi\s to get x back aga94 #e4 ,mrs4 ,m]ri!w1 kn[+ well t little folk are g5]ally tr\bl$ ) a wond]ful ?ir/1 _h also br\ght a cup & a bottle ( lemonade4 #f4 ,! floors 7 bird's-eye maple1 & hav+ be5 lately wax$1 !y look$ too f9e = my desecrat+ tread4 #g4 ,! workm51 hav+ be5 pa9t+ = h\rs on ! sunny side ( ! h\se1 grew fa9t & dizzy4 #h4 ,! boy took 8 seat1 fr[n+ & bl9k+ at ! c&le light1 :ile 8 "m1 plac+ 8 c(fee be=e him1 let h] h& re/ on 8 %\ld]4 #i4 ,hav+ pass$ at ! turn/ile into ! campus1 ,david /ood be=e ! college4 #aj4 ,9 "o h& he c>ri$ a fad$ valise made ( ,brussels c>pet spr9kl$ ) p9k roses4 #aa4 ,! old peasant woman1 hav+ eat5 ?ree meals ) ! s]vants & ?ree ) ! mi/ress1 decl>$ at ev5+ t %e 0 satisfi$4 #ab4 ,if all ! money be+ sp5t = ice-cream sodas 7 put to "s useful purpose--cem5t sidewalks1 = in/ance1--few ( u w\ld be /ubb+ our toes on old bo>d walks4 #ac4 ,a sn[ball soak$ 9 wat] & left out to cool 0 a projectile :i* _h be5 resort$ to ) disa/r\s results4 #ad4 ,no fly+ or crawl+ creature escapes ! %>p little eyes ( ! birds4 #ae4 ,its roots hav+ be5 cut1 ! top ( ! tree suff]$4 #af4 ,! t\ri/s1 hav+ wat*$ ! be>s nose ab\t among ! t9 cans 9 ! g>bage piles1 w5t back to ! hotel to avoid be+ dev\r$ by mosquitoes4 #ag4 ,v soon _! pa? l$ !m out into a wide glade1 f5c$ all ab\t ) ! s]ri$ & =mal ranks ( ! "y firs4 #ah4 ,t log j be+ saw$ w produce eight hundr$ feet ( lumb]4 #ai4 ,! :ale is ! l>ge/ animal n[ liv+ 9 ! _w4 #bj4 ,hav+ be5 told by 8 ma/] t he too c\ld g to ! village1 ,%ep b\nd$ away d[n ! road l mad4 #ba4 ,sleep1 hav+ desc5d$ ^u him1 spread a quiet mi/ ?r\gh 8 bra94 #bb4 ,hav+ be5 tramp$ d[n by ! cattle1 ! sn[ 0 smoo? l a floor4 ,tell ! use ( all ! inf9itive phrases 9 s5t5ces #b1 #d1 #aj1 #ac4 ,,lxxxix4 ,,p>ticiples ,,modify+ ,,n\ns #ceb4 ,! p>ticiple may be associat$ ) a n\n 9 sev]al ways4 7#a7 ,! p>ticiple may modify a n\n precisely l an adjective1 z :5 we say boil+ wat]1 plead+ eyes1 revolv+ turret1 educat$ m51 hamm]$ brass1 pl[$ l&1 dri$ apples4 ,! p>ticiple 9 ?is use c be di/+ui%$ f a real adjective 9 two ways3--7a7 x comes f a v]b1 7b7 x _c be comp>$4 ,apply ^! two te/s to ! sev5 p>ticiples j giv54 ,"s p>ticiples h become real adjectives1 z lov+1 le>n$1 /rik+ 79 /rik+ appe>ance71 annoy+1 excit+4 ,any "o ( ^! adjectives may be comp>$4 7#b7 ,! p>ticiple or p>ticipial phrase may take ! place ( an adjective clause4 ,sometimes x is us$ in/ead ( a re/rictive clause1 ?us po9t+ out a p>ticul> ?+ or class ( ?+s2 z1 8,! m5 %ovel+ coal on ! docks 7 pro/rat$ by ! heat40 ,sometimes ! p>ticipial phrase takes ! place ( an unre/rictive clause1 ?us add+ a new ?\ght to ! s5t5ce2 z1 8,"h comes a turban$ negress1 balanc+ a basket ( lemons on h] head40 ,9 bo? ! s5t5ces j giv5 ! p>ticipial phrase comes aft] ! n\n x modifies1 ?us tak+ 9 ! s5t5ce ! same position z ! appositive adjective4 ,! re/rictive p>ticipial phrase is n set (f by a comma4 ,! unre/rictive p>ticipial phrase is set (f by a comma4 7#c7 ,! p>ticipial phrase may take ! place ( a clause ( "t or cause1 & yet modify a n\n1 z 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- ,^? p5s1 hav+ be5 giv5 to me by my de> ma/]1 7 nev] put to any common uses4 ,hav+ said ^! words1 ,be[ulf plung$ into ! wat] & disappe>$ among ! d>k waves4 ,9 ! fir/ s5t5ce1 *ange ! phrase to a clause ( cause4 ,:at n\n does ! phrase modify8 ,9 ! second s5t5ce1 :at does ! p>ticipial phrase modify8 ,:at c y say ( its position8 ,*ange x to a clause ( "t4 ,note t al?\gh ! p>ticipial phrase may take ! place ( a clause ( "t or cause1 x is /ill an adjective elem5t2 =1 z %[n 9 ! s5t5ces j /udi$1 su* a p>ticipial phrase may modify a n\n4 ,summ>y4--,! p>ticiple may be us$ alone to modify a n\n precisely l an adjective4 ,! p>ticipial phrase may modify a n\n1 tak+ ! place ( a clause4 ,! p>ticipial phrase sometimes comes be=e1 & sometimes aft]1 ! n\n x modifies4 ,a p>ticipial phrase is set (f by a comma :5 x is unre/rictive1 :e!r x foll[s or prec$es ! ^w x modifies4 ,ex]cise4--,expla9 ! use ( all ! p>ticipial phrases4 ,classify ! p>ticiples4 ,acc\nt = ! punctuation4 #a4 ,! break+ waves da%$ high ,on a /]n & rock-b\nd coa/4 #b4 ,be+ direct desc5dants ( ,adam & ,eve1 we _h mu* ( _! inquir+ turn ( m9d4 #c4 ,worms are elongat$1 s(t-bodi$ animals1 diff]+ greatly 9 =m & habits4 #d4 ,! books b\nd 9 r$ morocco belong$ to my "m1 & ! 8,iliad0 illu/rat$ by ,flaxman 0 "o ( my fa!r's treasures4 #e4 ,! ,temple ,s*ool 0 a two-/ory brick build+1 /&+ 9 ! c5t] ( a great squ>e piece ( l&1 surr\nd$ by a high picket f5ce4 #f4 ,!n comes ! :9+ s*oolboy ) 8 sat*el ,& %9+ morn+ face1 creep+ l snail ,unwill+ly to s*ool4 #g4 ,t tree toad squatt+ on ! trellis & pe]+ d[n at u rem9ds me ( ! g>goyles on ! ,ca!dral ( ,notre ,dame4 #h4 ,! boys look$ l a legion ( imps1 com+ & go+ 9 ! twilight1 busy 9 rais+ "s inf]nal edifice4 #i4 ,at la/1 f9d+ himself hungry & we>y1 & see+ t !re 7 h]ds ( wild asses 9 ! pla9 :i* he 0 trav]s+1 ,ru/um ?\ght t he w\ld cat* "o ( !m = 8 meal1 & re/ = ! night4 #aj4 ,x is only he :o is we>y ( life t ?r[s himself 9 ! way ( a ro>+ lion4 #aa4 ,l mo/ ?+s connect$ 9 _! fir/ associations ) s*oolbooks & s*ooltimes1 ! ,lean+ ,t[] ( ,pisa seem$ mu* too small4 #ab4 ,9 ! morn+ x 0 ra9+1 ) little prospect ( fair wea!r1 b hav+ expect$ no?+ bett]1 we set out on foot = ! ,causeway4 #ac4 ,9 ?is tav]n ! visitor may d]ive good ent]ta9m5t f real ,g5oese di%es1--sausages1 /rong ( g>lic1 slic$ & eat5 ) fre% gre5 figs2 cocks' combs & %eep kidneys1 *opp$ up ) mutton *ops & liv]2 small pieces ( "s unkn[n "p ( a calf1 twi/$ into small %r$s1 fri$1 & s]v$ up 9 a great di%2 & o!r curiosities ( t k9d4 #ad4 ,hav+ suppos$ ! ,giant's ,causeway to be ( great height1 ,i 0 some:at disappo9t$ at fir/ = ,i f\nd ! ,loom1 :i* is ! highe/ "p ( x1 to be b fifty feet f ! wat]4 ,,xc4 ,,p>ticipial ,,phrases ,,9 ,,! ,,pr$icate #cec4 ,al?\gh ! p>ticipial phrase is 9 ! s5t5ce = ! purpose ( tell+ some?+ ab\t "s p]son or ?+1 /ill x does n always g ) ! n\n t names t p]son or ?+4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! *ildr5 /ood wat*+ !m out ( ! t[n10 ! p>ticipial phrase wat*+ !m out ( ! t[n tells some?+ ab\t ! *ildr51 b x is n a direct modifi] ( ! n\n *ildr51 = x belongs 9 ! pr$icate ( ! s5t5ce4 ,x does n modify ! v]b /ood1 = x does n tell h[ ! /&+ 0 done4 ,x really takes ! place ( a second pr$icate1 wat*$ !m out ( ! t[n1 b p>ticiples are n ass]t+ words1 h5ce we _c call ?is phrase a pr$icate4 ,! be/ way to tell ab\t x is ?is3 ,! v]b /ood is accompani$ by ! p>ticipial phrase wat*+ !m out ( ! t[n1 :i* d5otes an action tak+ place at ! same "t z ! /&+4 ,tell ab\t ! p>ticipial phrases 9 ^! s5t5ces3-- ,fr$ ent]$ ! h\se call+ z usual = 8 "m4 ,! ,indians advanc$1 %\t+ _! w> cries4 ,%e gaz$ =w>d1 %ad+ h] eyes ) bo? h&s4 ,,note4--,sometimes ! p>ticiple is us$ adv]bially to modify a v]b2 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! *ildr5 w5t scamp]+ (f to ! woods40 ,?is s5t5ce does n mean t ! *ildr5 w5t & scamp]$4 ,!y only scamp]$1 & ! scamp]+ 0 :at made !m g4 ,s9ce ! p>ticipial phrase tells j h[ ! *ildr5 did ! go+1 x mu/ be a modifi] ( ! v]b w5t4 ,:at is ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! s5t5ce j giv5 & ! foll[+8--8,! *ildr5 w5t s++ to ! woods40 ,x is pla9 t n e v]b c be modifi$ by a p>ticiple4 ,usually only a v]b mean+ come or g may be s modifi$4 #ced4 ,9 ,lesson ,,lv x 0 %[n t ! pa/ p>ticiple is (t5 us$ z a subjective complem5t2 z1 8,?is dress is soil$10 8,my money is sp5t40 #cee4 ,9 a few idiomatic expressions ! p>ticiple is us$ adv]bially to modify an adjective2 z1 freez+ cold1 /eam+ hot1 hopp+ mad1 dripp+ wet4 ,"h ! p>ticiple tells h[ cold1 h[ hot1 etc41 & ?us d5otes degree4 #cef4 ,sometimes ! n\n t a p>ticiple modifies is omitt$1 & ! p>ticiple is said to be us$ z a n\n2 z1 8,! lov+ are ! d>+10 :i* means t lov+ p]sons are d>+ p]sons4 ,we also speak ( ! kill$ & w\nd$4 ,summ>y4--,! p>ticiple or ! p>ticipial phrase may be a "p ( ! pr$icate 9 ?ree ways4 7#a7 ,x may be an accompanim5t ( ! v]b4 7#b7 ,x may be a subjective complem5t ( ! v]b4 7#c7 ,x may be a modifi] ( a few v]bs1 d5ot+ ! way 9 :i* an action 0 p]=m$4 ,! p>ticiple may be us$ adv]bially to modify an adjective & ?us d5ote ! degree ( "s quality4 ,! p>ticiple may be us$ z a n\n4 ,ex]cise4--,expla9 ! use ( all p>ticiples & p>ticipial phrases4 ,classify ! p>ticiples4 #a4 ,! little m>e gave me all ! sympa?y ,i c\ld ask1 repeat$ly rubb+ h] s(t nose ov] my face1 & lapp+ up my salt te>s ) evid5t reli%4 #b4 ,?ree fi%]s w5t sail+ out into ! we/1 ,out into ! we/ z ! sun w5t d[n4 #c4 ,! w>riors ( ! k+ 7 little pleas$ to he> su* talk f 8 lips4 #d4 ,aft] h] conf]5ce ) ! sup]9t5d5t1 ?is undignifi$ "y s*oolmi/ress w5t danc+ & skipp+ home to tell h] "m ( h] promotion4 #e4 ,! sun %9+ on ! rippl+ wat] made x s dazzl+ bright t we 7 almo/ bl9d$4 #f4 ,little :ite ,lily sat by a /one1 ,droop+ & wait+ till ! sun %one4 #g4 ,on my fir/ day 9 ,tangi]s ! spectacle 0 bewild]+1 & only by conc5trat+ my att5tion on deta*$ gr\ps c\ld ,i =m any di/9ct impression ( x4 #h4 ,!n ,ru/um made 8 way to ! baza>1 tak+ 8 camel driv]s ) him4 #i4 ,aft] lick+ 8 lips & poli%+ 8 :isk]s1 ! lynx w5t lop+ (f ?r\gh ! woods ) ! limp body ( ! m9k 9 8 jaws1 to eat x at leisure 9 8 lair4 #aj4 ,9 ,octob] ! woods 7 a blaze ( color1--cle> gold1 flam+ sc>let1 crimson1 amb]1 & copp]y br[n4 #aa4 ,i wat* him z he skims along1 ,utt]+ 8 sweet & m\rnful cry4 #ab4 ,society may be divid$ into two classes--! bores & ! bor$4 #ac4 ,o ,capta96 my ,capta96 our fe>ful trip is done1 ,! %ip has wea!r$ e rock1 ! prize we s\ght is won4 #ad4 ,?ree k+s came rid+ f f> away4 #ae4 ,"o day z ! k+ sat dr9k+ 9 "o ( ! *amb]s ( 8 palace1 & boa/+ aft] 8 cu/om1 a g5ius1 disguis$ z a m9/rel1 desir$ to be admitt$ to ! royal pres5ce4 #af4 ,! und]f$ dogs snapp$ & gr[l$ 9 ! passages1 gl>+ at ! cold />s1 & snuff+ into ! bitt] w9d1 night aft] night4 #ag4 ,drops ( nightly dews trickle d[n to ! se$s1 moi/5+ ! dryness1 clos+ up ! little holl[s ( ! gr\nd1 draw+ ! p>ticles ( mat]nal e>? m closely4 #ah4 ,! b>ley & ! rye are g>n]$ & gone1 ! l&scape is b>e & des]t$4 #ai4 ,! air 0 /++ cold & felt l ice ^u ! boy's b>e1 hot ?roat4 #bj4 ,h] he>t ov]fl[$ ) sympa?y = all ! we>y1 ! beat51 ! oppress$4 ,expla9 ! use ( ! inf9itive phrases 9 s5t5ces #c1 #d1 #g1 #i1 #ae4 ,,xci4 ,,absolute ,,p>ticipial ,,phrases #ceg4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,:5 ! sn[ _h left ! lawns b>e1 ! crocuses appe>$10 we h an adv]bial clause4 ,:at is x8 ,:at does x d5ote8 ,su* a clause is frequ5tly cond5s$ into a gr\p ( words l ?is1 ! sn[ hav+ left ! lawns b>e4 ,9 ?is gr\p !re are two p>ts1--! n\n elem5t ! sn[1 :i* 0 subject ( ! clause1 & ! p>ticipial phrase hav+ left ! lawns b>e1 :i* is made out ( ! pr$icate ( ! clause4 ,x is cle> !n t ! two p>ts ( ?is gr\p ( words h ! logical1 ?\gh n ! grammatical1 relation ( subject & pr$icate4 ,su* a gr\p ( words is call$ an absolute phrase4 #ceh4 ,! absolute phrase is g5]ally spok5 ( by gramm>ians z an indep5d5t elem5t2 t is1 x is n a modifi] ( any "p ( ! s5t5ce4 #cei4 ,occasionally1 z 9 ! example giv51 ! absolute phrase is an abridgm5t ( an adv]bial clause ( "t4 ,(t5] x is us$ in/ead ( a clause ( cause1 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,! dr\ght hav+ la/$ s long1 ! foliage began to turn yell[40 #cfj4 ,sometimes an absolute phrase is us$ in/ead ( an indep5d5t clause1 ?us *ang+ a comp\nd s5t5ce to a simple s5t5ce2 z1 8,! crew escap$ f ! %ip 9 ?ree boats1 only two rea*+ ,sib]ia40 ,:at clause w\ld y make out ( ! absolute phrase "h8 ,by :at conjunction w\ld y jo9 x to ! fir/ indep5d5t proposition8 #cfa4 ,! n\n or ! pron\n t is ! base ^w ( ! n\n elem5t 9 an absolute phrase is said to be 9 ! nom9ative case1 us$ absolutely4 ,summ>y4--,an absolute phrase is a gr\p ( words us$ indep5d5tly & consi/+ ( a n\n or a pron\n & a p>ticiple1 hav+ to ea* o!r ! logical relation ( subject & pr$icate4 ,an absolute phrase is an abridgm5t ( an adv]bial clause or an indep5d5t clause4 ,ex]cise4--,select all ! absolute phrases4 ,sep>ate !m into _! two p>ts4 ,exp& !m into adv]bial clauses or indep5d5t clauses4 #a4 ,8 feet 7 clad 9 half slipp]s ( r$ lea!r1 ! toes be+ po9t$ & turn$ upw>d4 #b4 ,%e _h paus$ 9 rev]ie1 h] h&s clasp$ beh9d h] head4 #c4 ,jack tell+ 8 condition1 ! giant bade him welcome4 #d4 ,gr&ma & ,norman 7 sitt+ on ! floor 9 front ( ! ice box1 ! *ild hav+ manife/$ a peculi> desire = cold boil$ potato4 #e4 ,f a balcony above lean$ ! lovely ,erm5g>de1 h] gold5 tresses cr[n$ ) a nightcap ( r>e & curi\s design4 #f4 ,! ,frey home 0 made up ( *e]y work]s1 ev5 little ,doro!a hav+ h] daily self-assum$ tasks4 #g4 ,! laws ( t c\ntry be+ v sev]e aga9/ slaves1 ,&rocles 0 s5t5c$ to be torn 9 pieces by a furi\s lion4 #h4 ,?r\gh wild & desolate sc5es1 by =e/s1 rocks1 & wat]falls1 we pass1 ! little locomotive always puff+ & pu%+ vigor\sly beh9d u4 #i4 ,m[gli _h be5 look+ f "o to ! o!r ( 8 fri5ds1 8 *e/ heav+ & 8 eyes full ( te>s4 #aj4 ,^! eggs be+ sold1 ,jack & 8 "m got pl5ty ( money4 #aa4 ,ev]y:]e1 scatt]$ ab\t ! c\ntry1 we h se5 w9dmills1 _! great arms mov+ sl[ly ar\nd4 #ab4 ,"u ,rebecca's delicately et*$ br[s h] eyes gl[$ l two />s2 _! danc+ lights half hidd5 9 lu/r\s d>kness4 #ac4 ,! eag]ness ( ,b>num to obta9 a :ite elephant is easily und]/ood1 t animal be+ consid]$ by %[m5 ! greate/ attraction 9 ! c\ntry4 ,,xcii4 ,,agreem5t ,,( ,,p>ticiples4 ,,o!r ,,words ,,9 -,,+ #cfb4 ,a s5t5ce conta9+ a p>ticipial phrase %\ld be s con/ruct$ t !re is no d\bt z to :at n\n or pron\n ! phrase modifies4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,i _h a f9e view ( y\r new hospital com+ 9 on ! tra9 ?is morn+10 ! p>ticipial phrase seems by its position to modify ! n\n hospital2 b x really modifies ! pron\n ,i1 & h5ce %\ld be plac$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! s5t5ce4 ,if ! phrase is exp&$ into an adv]bial clause ( "t1 x may rema9 :]e x is4 #cfc4 ,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,op5+ ! door1 my lamp w5t out10 ! p>ticipial phrase has no?+ to modify4 ,?is is call$ a dangl+ or a float+ p>ticiple4 ,! be/ way to deal ) su* a s5t5ce is to exp& ! p>ticipial phrase into an adv]bial clause1--8,:5 ,i op5$ ! door40 ,ex]cise4--,po9t out ! error 9 ea* ( ^! s5t5ces4 ,recon/ruct ea* s5t5ce4 #a4 ,we nev] once ?\ght ( ! baby1 ru%+ out ( doors to see ! fire4 #b4 ,i he>d ! :i/les pla9ly1 sail+ across ! bay4 #c4 ,i met y\r si/] com+ home f my music lesson4 #d4 ,"m saw ! flames fir/ sitt+ on ! v]&a4 #e4 ,ent]+ ! hall1 h] foot slipp$ on ! wax$ floor & %e fell4 #f4 ,putt+ two & two toge!r1 x is q pla9 t he wants an appo9tm5t4 #g4 ,knitt+ mitt5s & piec+ quilts1 ,i ?9k ,gr&mo!r is v happy4 #h4 ,hav+ be5 rec5tly pa9t$1 ,mr4 ,graham did n recognize 8 own h\se4 #i4 ,grasp+ ! rope & plung+ into ! surf1 ! huge rec$+ wave c>ri$ him out almo/ to ! wreck4 #cfd4 ,we h se5 t c]ta9 p>ticiples are 9 =m precisely l inf9itives 9 -+1 & c be di/+ui%$ f !m only by _! use4 ,! p>ticiple is us$ l an adjective1 & ! inf9itive 9 -+ is us$ l a n\n4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! ^w runn+ 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- ,wat] runn+ d[n hill acquires great =ce4 ,runn+ races is a small boy's pa/ime4 ,runn+ wat] is cle>4 ,i %all nev] =get ! runn+ ( t race4 ,9 ! fir/ s5t5ce x is cle> t runn+ is a p>ticiple1 because ! p>ticipial phrase runn+ d[n hill modifies ! n\n wat] & is1 !re=e1 us$ l an adjective4 ,9 ! second s5t5ce x is equally cle> t runn+ is an inf9itive1 = ! inf9itive phrase runn+ races is subject ( ! s5t5ce & is !re=e us$ l a n\n4 ,9 ! ?ird s5t5ce runn+ is a p>ticiple1 because x is d]iv$ f a v]b & _c be comp>$4 7,see #ceb47 ,9 o!r respects x resembles a pure descriptive adjective4 ,9 ! phrase 8an int]e/+ book0 int]e/+ is a pure adjective2 x c be comp>$4 ,9 ! f\r? s5t5ce runn+ is an inf9itive 9 -+4 ,x is modifi$ by an article & is us$1 l a n\n1 z ! object ( ! v]b4 ,9 ! s5t5ces1 8,x is a wise say+10 8,take my bless+10 say+ & bless+ are pure n\ns )\t v]bal =ce1 z is %[n by ! fact t !y h plural =ms4 ,ex]cise #a4--;,classify ! -+ words 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces z inf9itives1 p>ticiples1 adjectives1 or n\ns3-- #a4 ,! half back 0 *e]$ by ! admir+ cr[d4 #b4 ,! "t ( ! s++ ( birds is come4 #c4 ,i di/9ctly said t ,i want$ a s++ bird4 #d4 ,s++ hymns 0 h] favorite div]sion4 #e4 ,pa9t+ high build+s is a dang]\s occupation4 #f4 ,! old lady pa9t+ 9 ! ,l\vre 0 an excell5t copyi/4 #g4 ,mr4 ,morgan paid a l>ge sum = ?is small pa9t+4 #h4 ,! *ild 0 pleas$ ) ! pa9t+ book4 #i4 ,a sett+ h5 looks v placid4 #aj4 ,!y %\ld h be5 arre/$ = sett+ fire to ! old h\se4 #aa4 ,i w ask ! photograph] :5 he c give y a sitt+4 #ab4 ,! *ild sitt+ on ! curb+ said sweetly1 8,hello1 old lady40 #ac4 ,! smil+ days are n always ! fri5dlie/4 #ad4 8,i am bett]10 said ,agnes1 smil+ brightly4 #ae4 ,a %ort say+ (t conta9s mu* wisdom4 #af4 ,ev] *>m+1 ev] new1 :5 w ! l&scape tire ! view8 #ag4 ,heal? is a bless+ t money _c buy4 #ah4 ,ano!r duty ! rob9 took ^u himself1--to assi/ me 9 see+ t e bird 9 ! room _h 8 daily out+4 #ai4 ,turn+ a can>y out into ! _w is ab\t l turn+ a two-ye> old baby out to get its own liv+4 #bj4 ,we require f build+s z f m5 two k9ds ( goodness3 fir/1 ! do+ _! practical duty well2 !n t !y be graceful & pleas+ 9 do+ x4 ,ex]cise #b4--;,expla9 ! use ( ea* v]bal 9 ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,analyze s5t5ces #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 #f1 #h1 #aj1 #ac1 #af1 #ag1 #ah1 #bj1 #ba4 #a4 ,! g>ret is a f9e place to sit ( an aft]noon & he> ! ra9 patt]+ on ! ro(4 #b4 ,to be call$ to ! pr9cipal's (fice fill$ ! /\te/ he>t ) al>m4 #c4 ,! curfew tolls ! knell ( p>t+ day1 ,! l[+ h]d w9d sl[ly o'er ! lea4 #d4 ,! old ,g]man c>p5t] pack$ ,mrs4 ,h[e's heavy furniture 9 an empty /ore b5ea? h] ap>tm5t1 & :5 %e refus$ to pay him an exorbitant sum1 he lock$ ! door on h] & h] boxes & w5t (f to f9d a policeman4 #e4 ,i _h views ( _m int]e/+ sc5es 9 ?is family ( cr[s1 suppos$ by ! w>y p>5ts to be visible only to ! c[s /olidly fe$+ on ! hillside4 #f4 ,! *ick5s seem$ to be well c>$ = by ! wom52 b ! m5 appe>$ to be ! lazie/ ( mortals4 #g4 ,let u /& on ! long iron bridge t spans ! ,/4 ,lawr5ce j above ,montreal1 ! v place to /udy ! riv] z x n>r[s & runs swift] = its sma%+ plunge ?r\gh yond] rapids to ! ea/1--! dread$ ,la*9e ,rapids1 ^: sn>l+ tee? fla% :ite 9 ! sun4 #h4 ,to keep ,jim f foll[+ ! regim5t or f /ay+ & gett+ lo/ 9 se>* ( x1 ! wagon] _h ti$ him to ! re> axle ( 8 wagon ) a /rong tw9e4 #i4 ,! eng9e m\nt$ ! curve fa/] & fa/]1 ro>+ ?r\gh a tunnel1 gr[l+ ov] a bridge1 & sn>l+ at a pal+ alongside1 b no glimpse ( ! runaway locomotive c\ld ! pursu]s get4 #aj4 ,daddy felt1 l ! mid%ipman1 sadly p]plex$ :5 ! dog 0 f9ally miss+1 b he c\ld sugge/ no mode ( rev5ge :i* 0 n too dang]\s = !m to put 9 practice4 #aa4 ,! ?\ght ( my %ortcom+s 9 ?is life falls l a %ad[ on my life to come4 #ab4 ,laun*+ maje/ically f ! edge ( ! ne/1 ! great eagle _h swoop$ d[n into ! cold %ad[1 & !n1 ris+ into ! light by a spl5did spiral1 he _h tak5 a survey ( ! empty1 glimm]+ _w4 #ac4 ,our t]ri] 0 nev] kn[n to sp5d a night away f home4 #ad4 ,x is inexplicable to me t any bird %\ld be ei!r s unobs]vant z n to recognize a =eign egg at sight1 or s easy-temp]$ z n to insi/ on /raightway be+ rid ( x4 #ae4 ,x is easi] to d :at y please ?an to d :at y ought4 #af4 ,! blue-:ite moon ( midw9t]1 %>ply glitt]+ l an icicle1 hung high 9 a heav5 cle> z temp]$ /eel4 #ag4 ,sometimes ! fox resorts to num]\s devices to mislead & escape ! dog altoge!r1--walk+ 9 ! b$ ( a small creek1 runn+ along a rail f5ce1 or leap+ into a holl[ /ump4 #ah4 ,! elephants simply mov$ _! legs me*anically up & d[n1 & swung _! trunks to & fro2 b !y 7 det]m9$ n to pull or ex]t ! slighte/ p[]1 nei!r did !y move =w>d a s+le in*4 #ai4 ,! only way to mitigate ! h>d lot ( a can>y is to make him s happy t he w n wi% to be free4 #bj4 ,! be/ "p ( a j\rney is gett+ home aga94 #ba4 ,jeff]son s5t ,lewis & ,cl>k to p5etrate ! va/ regions we/ ( ! ,mississippi4 #bb4 ,:ile ! old turkey p]*$ ^u a tree top to keep an eye on ! enemy1 ! brood w5t sail+ ov] ! trees t[>d home4 #bc4 ,! (fic]s ord]$ ! crape to be in/antly cut (f f ! dogs' legs4 ,,xciii4 ,,summ>y ,,( ,,p>ticiples #cfe4 ,i4 ,,def9ition4--,a p>ticiple is a v]bal adjective4 ,,ii4 ,,=ms4-- #a4 ,( intransitive v]bs4 ,pres5t1 go+4 ,pa/1 gone4 ,p]fect1 hav+ gone1 hav+ be5 go+4 #b4 ,( transitive v]bs4 ,pres5t1 see+1 be+ se54 ,pa/1 se54 ,p]fect1 hav+ se51 hav+ be5 see+1 hav+ be5 se54 ,,iii4 ,,uses4 #a4 ,to =m ! p]fect t5ses1 ! passive voice1 & ! progressive conjugation4 ,i h tru/$ y4 ,y 7 tru/$ by me4 ,i am tru/+ y4 #b4 ,z an adjective modifi] ( a n\n or a pron\n4 7a7 ,re/rictive4 ,b>k+ dogs seldom bite4 ,! picture pa9t$ by ,leon>do da ,v9ci 0 /ol54 7b7 ,unre/rictive4 7#a7 ,us$ 9 place ( an adjective clause4 ,! silv] moon1 %9+ 9 ! rosy ea/]n sky1 mu/ h look$ ^u ! sett+ sun4 7#b7 ,us$ 9 place ( a clause ( "t or cause4 ,hav+ built a magnific5t *ur*1 we _h to h a magnific5t organ4 #c4 ,z subjective complem5t ( a v]b4 ,*ri/ is ris54 ,ev]ybody is gone4 #d4 ,z an accompanim5t ( a v]b4 ,!n ! bl9d girl came ne>]1 rea*+ out h] h&s t[>d my face4 #e4 ,z "p ( an absolute phrase4 ,! roa/ turkey hav+ receiv$ due att5tion1 ! boys 7 ready = m9ce pie4 ,,iv4 ,,modifi]s ,,& ,,complem5ts4 ,p>ticiples h ! same modifi]s & complem5ts z v]bs4 ,hav+ e>n$ ! money1 ,i sp5t x4 ,gr[+ tir$1 we walk$ sl[]4 ,call+ me a c[>d1 he w5t on4 ,turn+ %>ply to ! "r1 he /ruck ! tree4 ,v4 ,,agreem5t4 #a4 ,! con/ruction ( a s5t5ce %\ld leave no d\bt z to :at ^w a p>ticipial phrase modifies4 #b4 ,dangl+ p>ticiples %\ld be avoid$4 ,make two good s5t5ces to illu/rate ea* use ( ! p>ticiple4 ,,xciv4 ,,analysis ,,( ,,s5t5ces #cff4 ,a p>ticipial phrase is analyz$ v mu* l an inf9itive phrase4 ,fir/ ! p>ticiple %\ld be giv5 z ! base1 !n its complem5t & modifi]s4 ,,model4--,beh9d ea* islet ( tall re$s is a fi%+ boat held fa/ by two poles /uck 9 ! bottom ( ! riv]4 ,?is is a simple1 decl>ative s5t5ce4 ,! subject is a fi%+ boat held fa/ by two poles /uck 9 ! bottom ( ! riv]4 ,! pr$icate is is beh9d ea* islet ( tall re$s4 ,! base ^w ( ! subject is boat4 ,x is modifi$ by ! inf9itive fi%+1 ! article a1 & ! p>ticipial phrase held fa/ by two poles /uck 9 ! bottom ( ! riv]4 ,! base ^w ( ?is phrase is ! p>ticiple held4 ,x is modifi$ by ! adv]b fa/ & by ! prepositional phrase by two poles /uck 9 ! bottom ( ! riv]4 ,! base ^w ( ! object ( ! preposition by is ! n\n poles4 ,x is modifi$ by ! adjective two & ! p>ticipial phrase /uck 9 ! bottom ( ! riv]4 ,! base ^w ( ?is phrase is ! p>ticiple /uck4 ,x is modifi$ by ! prepositional phrase 9 ! bottom ( ! riv]1 etc4 #cfg4 ,a s5t5ce conta9+ an absolute phrase %\ld be analyz$ z foll[s3-- ,,model4--,amy hav+ gone to ,v]mont1 ! lady 0 lonely4 ,?is is a simple1 decl>ative s5t5ce conta9+ ! absolute phrase ,amy hav+ gone to ,v]mont1 :i* is us$ in/ead ( ! adv]bial clause ( cause1 s9ce ,amy _h gone to ,v]mont4 ,! subject is ! lady4 ,! pr$icate is 0 lonely1 etc4 ,! absolute phrase consi/s ( ! n\n ,amy & ! p>ticipial phrase hav+ gone to ,v]mont1 :i* h ! logical relation ( subject & pr$icate4 ,! base ( ! p>ticipial phrase is ! p>ticiple hav+ gone1 etc4 ,ex]cise4--,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces3-- #a4 ,9 "o /ore ,i w\ld f9d a catbird mop+ on a high %elf or 9 a d>k back room2 9 ano!r a bluebird sc>$ half to dea?1 & dumb 9 ! mid/ ( squawk+ p>rots & s++ can>ies4 #b4 ,9 t fir/ battle1 ,jim ran b>k+ aft] ! v fir/ %ell t came scream+ ov] our heads4 #c4 ,! isl& is suppli$ ) ! be/ wat] imag9able1 small /reams leap+ d[n f ! sides ( ! hills & runn+ ?r\gh e valley4 #d4 ,! bit+ cold w9d t %runk our faces & p9*$ our noses blue only br\ght a wild-rose bloom to "m's delicate *eeks4 #e4 ,! do+s ( ! p ?us sudd5ly become 8 neighbors1 ,bobby /udi$ ) all a bird's curiosity4 #f4 ,com+ out into ! road on my way home aga91 ,i fell 9 ) an old fri5d4 #g4 ,! soldi]s 7 mis]ably clad1 & ask$ :e!r we _h %oes to sell4 #h4 ,x is difficult to describe ! left-half's agony z he pick$ himself up & w5t limp+ back to 8 place4 #i4 ,at daylight1 directly ahead ( u 0 ! isl& ( ,juan ,f]n&ez1 ris+ l a deep blue cl\d out ( ! sea4 #aj4 ,long e>s tw9kl+1 r\nd eyes s(tly %9+1 ! rabbits leap$ lightly hi!r & ?i!r1 paus+ e n[ & !n to t\* ea* o!r ) _! s5sitive noses1 or to p\nd on ! sn[ ) _! /rong h9d legs 9 mock *all5ge4 #aa4 ,9 long1 graceful leaps1 b>ely t\*+ ! f5ce1 ! fox w5t c>e]+ up ! hill z fleet z ! w9d4 #ab4 ,joel's long legs began to a*e1 & seem$ /iff5+ at ! ?ighs & knees4 #ac4 ,aft] _! supp] ( milk & oatmeal porridge1 ! *ildr5 sat d[n1 wait+ & wat*+1 & fancy+ !y he>d s\nds 9 ! hills4 #ad4 ,he>+ l\d cries ( di/ress com+ f ! lawn1 ! g>d5] ru%$ across & f\nd ! cr[ ly+ on 8 back1 8 claw tightly gripp+ ! end ( "o ( ! w+s ( a l>ge hawk4 #ae4 ,we soon f\nd ! vireo's ne/1 susp5d$ )9 ! angle ( two horizontal twigs1 & trimm$ outw>dly ) "s k9d ( :ite silky sub/ance4 #af4 ,he lay l a w>rior tak+ 8 re/4 #ag4 ,= f\r miles ! pilot mu/ race along a squirm+1 twi/+1 plung+ ?read ( wat]1 t leaps ahead l a greyh\nd1 & *anges its crook$ness some:at f day to day ) w9d & tide4 #ah4 ,= c5turies ! trees _h develop$ /r5g? to resi/ ! w9ds :5 !y 7 clad 9 all _! leaves1 or to c>ry ! load ( ^? leaves weight$ ) ra9drops1 or to be> ! w9t] sn[s2 b !y _h no /r5g? t w\ld enable !m to be coat$ ?ick ) ice & !n wr5*$ by angry bla/s4 #ai4 ,! s]vants hav+ gone to _! cab9s1 ! great h\se 0 fill$ ) ! quiet ( a ,sunday aft]noon4 ,,xcv4 ,,anticipative ,,subject #cfh4 ,we h le>n$ t ! pron\n x may be us$ z an anticipative subject to ?r[ ! real subject aft] ! pr$icate4 ,?is real subject may be a n\n clause or an inf9itive phrase4 ,x w nev] be kn[n :e!r ! lady came out ( t door or ! tig]4 ,x is a mi/ake to suppose t ! fox _c be tam$4 #cfi4 ,we mu/ n conclude t ! ^w x at ! beg9n+ ( a s5t5ce is always an anticipative subject4 ,sometimes x is ! real subject1 t is1 x is a neut] p]sonal pron\n hav+ = its antec$5t "s t]m p]fectly und]/ood by bo? speak] & li/5]2 z1 8,h y read #8,! ,call ( ! ,wild'8 ,x is ! /ory ( a dog t rev]t$40 #cgj4 ,sometimes x is us$ = subject ) no special ^w = antec$5t2 z :5 we say1 8,x 0 bl[+ great guns40 7,see #beb47 #cga4 ,9 ! famili> expression1 8,x is "t to get up10 ! antec$5t ( x is ! ^w n[ or ! t]m ! pres5t mom5t4 #cgb4 ,x is n ! only ^w us$ z anticipative subject4 ,ano!r ^w is !re2 z 9 ! s5t5ce1 8,!re is sn[ on ! top ( ,pike's ,peak40 ,if we ask ! "q1 ,:at is on ! top ( ,pike's ,peak8 ! s5sible answ] is n !re1 b sn[1 h5ce sn[ is ! subject4 ,! ^w !re does n d5ote place1 h5ce x is n an adv]b4 ,x is us$ m]ely to fill a gap 9 a decl>ative s5t5ce 9 :i* ! subject has be5 plac$ aft] ! v]b1 = if ! gap 7 n fill$ & ! s5t5ce began ) a v]b1 x w\ld seem to be int]rogative4 ,:5 s us$ ! ^w !re is call$ an expletive1 :i* means a ^w us$ to fill up a gap4 #cgc4 ,( c\rse !re at ! beg9n+ ( a s5t5ce is n always an expletive4 ,sometimes x is an adv]b d5ot+ place2 z1 8,!re w ,i build me a ne/40 ,,note4--,:5 !re is an adv]b we pron\nce x di/9ctly1 b :5 x is an expletive us$ z anticipative subject1 we slur x4 ,summ>y4--,! ^w x is (t5 us$ z an anticipative subject s t ! real subject may come aft] ! v]b4 ,! ^w !re may be an anticipative subject4 ,x is !n call$ an expletive4 ,ex]cise4--,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,if !re is an anticipative subject1 /ate t fact be=e giv+ ! real subject2 ?us1--,9 ! s5t5ce1 8,once ^u a "t !re 7 f\r little rabbits10 ! anticipative subject is ! expletive !re2 ! real subject is f\r little rabbits4 ,! pr$icate is 7 once ^u a "t4 #a4 ,!re w\ld be sev]al insup]able difficulties 9 adopt+ ! moon z a resid5ce4 #b4 ,e object on ! moon w\ld be only "o six? z heavy z ! same object on ! e>?4 ,!re a box conta9+ a p\nd ( *ocolate bonbons w\ld weigh only two or ?ree ounces4 #c4 ,x is a little curi\s t ! effect ( a %ort all[ance ( food does n %[ itself 9 hung]4 #d4 ,!re nev] 0 su* a hail/orm 9 ,wiscons94 #e4 ,x is j ! "r "t ( ! moon = plant+ sweet peas4 #f4 ,!re 7 dances1 !atricals1 & sleighrides t w9t]4 #g4 ,x w\ld amuse me v mu* to s+ :ile ,i am hunt+4 #h4 ,a cannon t breaks loose f its fa/5+s on a %ip is sudd5ly trans=m$ into a sup]natural bea/4 ,x is a mon/] develop$ f a ma*9e2 x has ! weight ( an elephant1 ! agility ( a m\se1 ! ob/9acy ( ! ox2 x takes "o by surprise1 l ! surge ( ! sea2 x fla%es l lightn+2 x is deaf z ! tomb2 x weighs t5 ?\s& p\nds1 & x b\nds l a *ild's ball4 #i4 ,t day !re came our fir/ great sn[/orm4 #aj4 ,!re lay ! beautiful piece ( embroid]y t "m _h put away s c>efully & =gott5 s completely4 #aa4 ,!re's a special provid5ce t wat*es ov] idiots1 drunk5 m51 & boys4 #ab4 ,!re came to ! bea* a poor exile ( ,er94 #ac4 ,x made ! *ildr5 laugh & play1 ,to see a lamb at s*ool4 #ad4 ,9 ! reign ( ,k+ ,ar?ur1 & 9 ! c\nty ( ,cornwall1 ne> to ! ,l&'s ,end 9 ,engl&1 !re liv$ a wor?y f>m]1 :o _h an only son1 nam$ ,jack4 #ae4 ,!re ! two old dogs sat & talk$ ( ! wond]ful t5acity ( rheumatism t has once settl$ 9 a dog's %\ld]4 #af4 ,!re 0 "o pass5g] 9 ! coa*1--a small1 d>k-hair$ p]son 9 a glossy buff calico dress4 #ag4 ,pr(essor ,boyes5 describes :at he calls ! saet]1 ! spr+ migration ( ! dairy & dairymaids4 ,x is ! great ev5t ( ! ye> 9 all ! rural di/ricts4 #ah4 ,!re 7 ?ree ,ca!r9es1 two ,annes1 & a ,jane4 #ai4 ,x is said 9 ,ceylon t ! cocoanut1 l ! magpie & ! rob91 w fl\ri% only )9 s\nd ( ! human voice4 #bj4 ,!re is always a sad elem5t 9 ! dep>ture ( a /eam]4 ,,xcvi4 ,,elliptical ,,s5t5ces #cgd4 ,we h not$ sev]al con/ructions 9 :i* !re is an ellipsis1 or omission ( "s ^w or words necess>y to ! grammatical /ructure ( ! s5t5ce4 7#a7 ,! subject ( an imp]ative s5t5ce1 ! pron\n y1 ?\1 or ye is usually omitt$2 z1 87,y7 ,honor ! flag40 7#b7 ,a n\n is (t5 omitt$ aft] a possessive modifi]2 z1 8,let u g ov] to ,bak]'s 7h\se7 ?is ev5+40 7#c7 ,an auxili>y v]b is (t5 omitt$2 z1 8,somebody has ent]$ ! hall & 7has7 tak5 my umbrella40 7#d7 ,! pr$icate is (t5 omitt$ 9 a clause ( comp>ison2 z1 8,i am n s tir$ z y 7are or are tir$740 8,he has no bett] "r ?an ,i 7h or h "r740 7#e7 ,! relative pron\n t is (t5 omitt$ 9 an adjective clause2 z1 8,! r+ 7t7 y gave me is too small40 7#f7 ,! subord9ate conjunction t is (t5 omitt$ 9 a n\n clause2 z1 8,y said 7t7 ,i might take y\r skates40 #cge4 ,! elliptical s5t5ce is v common1 especially 9 conv]sation1 :]e we d n h to dep5d entirely ^u words to convey our mean+1 z we h ! help ( emphasis1 tone ( voice1 & ge/ure4 ,x foll[s t 9 oral language we leave out _m words t c easily be suppli$ by our li/5]s4 7#a7 ,9 answ]+ que/ions1 we seldom make complete /atem5ts1 z1-- ,:at is y\r "n8 7,my "n is7 ,donald4 ,^: boy are y8 7,i am7 ,mr4 ,hill's 7boy74 ,:]e d y live8 7,i live7 ,on ,jackson ,/reet4 7#b7 ,we (t5 omit a ^w t has already be5 express$ 9 ! s5t5ce2 z1 8,our fir/ maid 0 an ,iri% girl2 our second 7maid 07 a ,norwegian 7girl740 7#c7 ,9 s5t5ces beg9n+ ) no wond] or no matt] we omit ! ma9 v]b & ! anticipative subject x4 8,no wond] he di$10 means 8,x is no wond] t he di$40 8,no matt] :at ,i said10 means 8,x is no matt] :at ,i said40 7#d7 ,two v common que/ions are ,:at ( x8 & ,:at if ,i d8 ,we may exp& ! fir/ "q ?us1 8,:at 7w come7 ( x80 & ! second ?us1 8,:at 7diff]5ce w x make7 if ,i d80 7#e7 ,9 adv]bial clauses we f9d _m cases ( ellipsis1 b ! words omitt$ c readily be suppli$2 z1-- ,i liv$ on ! s\? side :5 7,i 07 a *ild4 ,i cut my f+] :ile 7,i 07 p>+ an apple4 ,%e s+s z if 7%e 7 s++7 by note4 ,i w be !re if 7x is7 possible4 ,?\gh 7we 77 tir$ & hungry we plodd$ on4 ,i w g 7?\gh x7 ra9 or 7?\gh x7 %9e4 ,ex]cise4--,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces1 supply+ ! words omitt$ :]ev] !re is an ellipsis4 #a4 ,wisdom is bett] ?an rubies4 #b4 ,a song to ! oak1 ! brave old oak6 #c4 ,! sun %all n smite !e by day nor ! moon by night4 #d4 ,%e w close ! h\se & g to h] son's4 #e4 ,cs> _h 8 ,brutus2 ,*>les ! ,fir/ 8 ,cromwell4 #f4 ,x is m bless$ to give ?an to receive4 #g4 ,& !n to breakfa/ ) :at appetite y h4 #h4 ,to-day he puts =? ! t5d] leaves ( hope2 to-morr[ blossoms4 #i4 ,love's w+ m\lts :5 cag$ & captur$4 #aj4 ,he t is sl[ to ang] is bett] ?an ! mighty1 & he t rule? 8 _s ?an he t take? a city4 #aa4 ,few & %ort 7 ! pray]s we said4 #ab4 ,all ! _w's a /age & all ! m5 & wom5 m]ely play]s4 #ac4 ,/one walls d n a prison make1 ,nor iron b>s a cage4 #ad4 ,?\gh mild1 ,calv9 0 also intol]ant4 #ae4 ,happy ! man ^: wi% & c>e ,a few pat]nal acres b\nd4 #af4 ,dr9k to me only ) ?9e eyes4 #ag4 ,true hope is swift & flies ) swall['s w+s1 ,k+s x makes gods & mean] creatures1 k+s4 #ah4 ,my true love ha? my he>t1 & ,i h 84 #ai4 ,lives ( great m5 all rem9d u ,we c make our lives sublime4 #bj4 ,:at if ! riv] is too deep = ! cattle to =d8 #ba4 ,if all ! ye> 7 play+ holidays ,to sport w\ld be z t$i\s z to "w4 #bb4 ,my k+dom = a horse6 #bc4 ,no matt] :at ! daisies say1 ,i "k ,i'll be m>ri$ "s f9e day4 #bd4 ,bless+s on !e1 little man6 #be4 ,six :ite eggs on a b$ ( hay1 ,fleck$ ) purple1 a pretty sight4 #bf4 8,lady ,moon1 ,lady ,moon1 :]e are y rov+80 8,ov] ! sea40 #bg4 ,! w9d has a language1 ,i w\ld ,i c\ld le>n4 ,,xcvii4 ,,review ,,( ,,analysis ,ex]cise4--,analyze ! foll[+ s5t5ces4 ,^! s5t5ces conta9 examples ( ! v>i\s con/ructions t h be5 pres5t$ 9 ?is book4 ,if !re is any d\bt z to :at "p ( spee* a c]ta9 ^w is1 ! diction>y w usually enable y to decide4 ,:]e an ellipsis occurs1 ! ^w or words omitt$ %\ld be suppli$4 #a4 ,h[ ! black cat _h captur$ ! al]t & re/less squirrel s quickly 0 a great my/]y to me4 #b4 ,if a woman puts on airs ) h] equals1 %e probably has some?+ ab\t h]self or h] family t %e is a%am$ (4 #c4 ,9 writ+ ^! memoirs ,i %all yield to ! incl9ation s natural to old m51 ( talk+ ( !mselves & _! own actions4 #d4 ,:5 ye come :]e ,i h /epp$1 ,ye w wond] :y ye wept4 #e4 ,i s\ght out "o ( ^! few1 ,fr$ ,ouillette1 pilot & son ( a pilot1 an idol 9 ! company's eyes1 a h]o to ! boys ( ,montreal1 a figure to be />$ at always by anxi\s pass5g]s4 #f4 ,mu/ we conclude t ! dignity ( a bird dep5ds ^u ! l5g? ( 8 tail8 #g4 ,dur+ ^! gales1 ! top ( ! tablel& is envelop$ 9 ?ick cl\ds1 :i* ! p ( ! ,cape call ! ,devil's ,table ,clo?4 #h4 ,! s&-hills 7 ga%$ ) numb]less rav9es2 & z ! sky _h sudd5ly d>k5$1 & a cold gu/y w9d aris51 ! /range %rubs & ! dre>y hills look$ d\bly wild & desolate4 #i4 ,fl[]et & hope may die1 ,b love ) u %all /ay4 #aj4 ,!re are ?ree beautiful d&elions out on ! t]race4 #aa4 ,i hope to see my ,pilot face to face ,:5 ,i h cross$ ! b>4 #ab4 ,gray ,bro!r did n come ^u ! night :5 ,i s5t him ! ^w4 #ac4 ,! bea/s _c use me m cruelly ?an ,i h be5 us$ by my fell[ creatures4 #ad4 ,if ,i /rok$ ! cat 9 my pet monkey's pres5ce1 he w\ld get into a p>oxysm ( rage & make great ef=ts to bite me4 #ae4 ,! spangl$ heav5s1 a %9+ frame1 ,_! great ,orig9al proclaim4 #af4 ,he 0 a /range figure1 ?is tatt]$1 long-hair$ man1 ) ! spe> & wallet1 & 8 boots cut d[n into s&als4 #ag4 ,gordon wait$ long = an opportunity to s+ 9 ! *oir at old ,/4 ,george's4 #ah4 ,:5 %all y leave ,y>m\?8 ,on ! fifte5?1 if possible4 #ai4 ,! capta91 ^: ideas ( h>d rid+ 7 all d]iv$ f trans-,atlantic s\rces1 express$ ! utmo/ amazem5t at ! feats ( ,sorel1 :o w5t leap+ rav9es1 & da%+ at full spe$ up & d[n ! sides ( precipit\s hills1 la%+ 8 horse ) ! recklessness ( a ,rocky ,m\nta9 rid]4 #bj4 ,! ,great ,am]ican ,des]t is a l& :]e no man p]man5tly abides2 = 9 c]ta9 seasons ( ! ye> !re is no food ei!r = ! hunt] or 8 /e$4 #ba4 ,"o con/ant elem5t 9 luck ,is g5u9e1 solid1 old ,teutonic pluck4 #bb4 ,did y ev] ?9k :y a dog's nose is always wet8 #bc4 ,"o ( ! mo/ difficult ?+s is to get any wild animal to all[ himself to be t\*$ ) ! human h&4 #bd4 ,old ,tr9ity's /eeple probably sways eighte5 in*es :5ev] an elevat$ tra9 passes4 #be4 ,d /eeple climb]s always "w 9 pairs8 #bf4 ,! *ipmunk _h made a well-def9$ pa? f 8 door out ?r\gh ! we$s & dry leaves into ! t]ritory :]e 8 fe$+ gr\nd lay4 #bg4 ,no wond] ,eve ate ! =bidd5 fruit4 #bh4 ,9 ,b]muda ! banana is z omnipres5t z ! onion4 #bi4 ,we call$ ! mice ,jack1 ,jill1 & ,j5ny1 & !y seem$ to "k _! names4 #cj4 ,%oot+ ! ,la*9e ,rapids is l tam+ a p>ticul>ly fi]ce lion4 #ca4 ,turk slept at night outside 8 ma/]'s door1 & no s5try c\ld be m al]t ^u 8 wat* ?an ?is fai?ful ma/iff1 :o _h app>5tly only "o ambition1--to protect & to accompany 8 own]4 #cb4 ,we fanci$ we c\ld he> ! huge bodies ( ! :ales burr[+ ?r\gh ! wat]4 #cc4 ,at l5g?1 f9d+ my life v solit>y1 ,i accept$ ! claw & he>t ( a ri* & respectable gre5 p>rot1 :o (f]$ me a good home & ! devotion ( a lifetime4 #cd4 ,be x ev] s humble1 !re's no place l home4 #ce4 ,pres5tly ! doe /epp$ away1 & left h] little "o ly+ on a spott$ heap ( dead leaves & moss4 #cf4 ,:ile travel+ along ! ,rh9e1 we obs]v$ t :5 ! ,g]man has no?+ else to d1 he eats & dr9ks4 #cg4 ,! ,spani>ds *ang$ ! :ole "* & habits ( ! ,indians :5 !y br\ght ! horse among !m4 #ch4 ,! fires 9 ! ,au/ralian bu% are (t5 ! "w ( ! natives1 to fright5 away ! :ite m52 & sometimes ! "w ( ! %eph]ds1 to make ! grass spr\t afre%4 #ci4 ,ne> ! ,pyramids1 m wondr\s & m awful ?an all else 9 ! l& ( ,egypt1 !re sits ! lonely ,sph9x4 #dj4 ,! sexton _h liv$ 9 ,/rat=d = eighty ye>s1 & seem$ /ill to consid] himself a vigor\s man1 ) ! trivial exception t he _h ne>ly lo/ ! use ( 8 legs4 #da4 ,:at if ?is 7 my la/ day at s*ool8 #db4 ,x 0 some?+ to h se5 ! du/ ( ,%akespe>e4 #dc4 ,a que5 bee w lay two hundr$ eggs 9 a few h\rs1 & 9 ! ye> %e w g5]ally h laid tw5ty or ?irty ?\s&4 #dd4 ,! gr\nd 0 c>pet$ ) s(te/ moss1 into :i* ! boy's feet sunk s deep t !y 7 almo/ cov]$2 & all ov] ! moss 7 spr9kl$ little />-%ap$ p9k fl[]s4 #de4 ,! wolf ask$ little ,r$ ,rid+ ,hood :i!r %e 0 go+4 #df4 ,o happy h>bor ( ,god's sa9ts6 ,o sweet & pleasant soil6 ,9 !e no sorr[ c be f\nd1 ,nor grief1 nor c>e1 nor toil4 #dg4 ,%e fell back ^u ! floor z if by ! /roke ( an unse5 h&4 #dh4 ,:e!r %e 0 att5d$ by a physician f ,canton or f ,milton1 ,i 0 unable to say2 b nei!r ! gig ) ! l>ge allopa?ic sorrel horse1 nor ! gig ) ! homopa?ic :ite m>e 0 ev] se5 hit*$ at ! gate dur+ ! day4 #di4 ,no soon] did ,i op5 _! door ?an out ! little />l+s w\ld all fly1 & seat !mselves on my head & %\ld]s4 #ej4 ,nei!r eye nor e> reveal$ him any?+4 #ea4 ,small leisure h ! poor = grief4 #eb4 ,by a flight ( w9d+ /airs we rea*$ a cov]$ balcony1 ov] :i* a tropical v9e w&]s at w4 #ec4 ,dora he>d ,m>jorie s++1 laugh+1 *att+1 z %e fla%$ "h & !re1 help+ & h9d]+ 9 ab\t equal proportions4 #ed4 ,no matt] :at honors y\r ance/ors atta9$1 make y\r own "n honorable4 #ee4 ,z ,i trod ! s\nd+ pavem5t1 !re 0 some?+ int5se & ?rill+ 9 ! idea t ! rema9s ( ,%akespe>e 7 mold]+ b5ea? my feet4 #ef4 ,! l>k1 spr++ up f ! reek+ bosom ( ! mead[1 t[]$ away into ! bright fleecy cl\d1 p\r+ =? torr5ts ( melody4 #eg4 ,i n[ f\nd myself among noble av5ues ( oaks & elms1 ^: va/ size bespoke ! gr[? ( c5turies4 #eh4 ,! air )9 ! tunnel is some:at damp1 b fre% & agreeably cool1 & "o c sc>cely realize 9 walk+ along ! light passage1 t a riv] is roll+ above 8 head4 #ei4 ,no frog egg may hope to develop into a turtle1 or a bird1 or any?+ b a frog4 #fj4 ,i he>d my own m\nta9 goats bleat+ al(t4 #fa4 ,ev]ybody kn[s t ! porcup9e is ridicul\sly fa/idi\s 9 8 *oice ( food4 #fb4 ,! daisy1 by ! %ad[ t x ca/s1 ,protects ! l+]+ dewdrop f ! sun4 #fc4 ,if ,i *oose to "w elev5 h\rs a day1 :at ( x8 #fd4 ,f> bel[ lay ! e>?1 br[n1 dry1 & desolate1 f dr\?4 #fe4 ,!re 0 no sleep t long night = ! little duck "m ,quackal9a4 #ff4 ,"o ev5+1 aft] ! ice ( a sleet /orm _h clogg$ _! w+s1 ! pigeons settl$ on "o ( ! highe/ build+s !y c\ld f9d1 & sat & %iv]$ ?r\gh ! long night4 #fg4 ,! tak+ d[n ( a /eeple two hundr$ & ?irty-eight feet high1 t rises on a closely built city /reet1 is n a simple proce$+4 #fh4 ,! leg5d ( ,felix is end$1 ! toil+ ( ,felix is done2 ,! ma/] has paid him 8 wages1 ! goal ( 8 j\rney is won4 #fi4 ,!re we 7 %[n ! *air on :i* ! ,engli% mon>*s h be5 cr[n$ = sev]al hundr$ ye>s4 #gj4 ,"u ! seat is ! /one br\ght f ! ,abbey ( ,scone1 :]eon ! k+s ( ,scotl& 7 cr[n$4 #ga4 ,sleep+ or wak+1 my ?\ghts are all ( ,irel& & ( y4 #gb4 ,=tunately = u1 our two lean1 wiry little horses did n object to be+ us$ z aquatic animals4 #gc4 ,_m ,russian villages possess a public ba? ( ! mo/ primitive con/ruction1 b 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry ! peasants take _! vapor ba? 9 ! h\sehold ov5 9 :i* ! bread is bak$6 #gd4 ,?is aptly illu/rates a common ,russian prov]b1 :i* says t :at is heal? to ! ,russian is dea? to ! ,g]man4 #ge4 ,sc>fs1 %awls1 /uffs = dresses1 morn+ g[ns1 & ve/s1 h&k]*iefs1 sa%es1 purses1 & tobacco bags are heap$ 9 ri* pr(usion4 #gf4 ,:5 a man ( f\rscore1 he cont9u$ 8 weekly visits to ! s*ools4 #gg4 ,8 ma/] hav+ be5 honorably dis*>g$ be=e ! close ( ! w>1 ,jim 0 left ) ! regim5t 9 c>e ( ,wigg9s1 ! wagon]4 #gh4 ,no o!r pigeon is s bold & fe>less1 s full ( bulldog t5acity1 s full ( royal c\rage1 z ! hom]4 #gi4 ,! ,fr5* c>ri$ _! imitation ( ,indians s f> t !y (t5 disguis$ !mselves to resemble _! allies1 ) pa9t1 fea!rs1 & all4 #hj4 ,x 0 sometimes impossible to tell 9 an attack+ p>ty :i* 7 ,fr5* & :i* 7 ,indians4 #ha4 ,! sea 0 dott$ ev]y:]e ) ! heads ( seals hurry+ to l& & beg9 _! %>e ( fight+4 #hb4 ,old ,m>ley 0 z dead z a door-nail4 #hc4 ,if eyes 7 made = see+1 ,!n beauty is its own excuse = be+4 #hd4 ,out on ! lawn !re arose su* a clatt] ,i sprang f my b$ to see :at 0 ! matt]4 #he4 ,!re is a pleasure 9 ! pa?less woods1 ,!re is a rapture on ! lonely %ore4 #hf4 ,h[ ,i wi% t :5 ! ,angel comes = me1 ,i might rea* out & feel y\r h&6 ,,g5]al ,,review ,ex]cise #a 7#a7 ,! family ( ! ,lambs _h long be5 among ! mo/ ?riv+ & popul> 9 ! neighborhood2 ! ,miss ,lambs 7 ! belles ( ,little ,brita91 & ev]ybody 0 pleas$ :5 old ,lamb _h made money en\gh to %ut up %op1 & put 8 "n on a brass plate on 8 door4 7#b7 ,9 an evil h\r1 h[ev]1 "o ( ! ,miss ,lambs _h ! honor ( be+ a lady 9 att5dance on ! ,lady ,mayoress1 at h] great annual ball1 on :i* occasion %e wore ?ree t[]+ o/ri* fea!rs on h] head4 7#c7 ,! family nev] got ov] x2 !y 7 imm$iately smitt5 ) a passion = high life2 set up a "o-horse c>riage1 put a bit ( gold lace r\nd ! err&-boy's hat1 & h be5 ! talk & dete/ation ( ! :ole neighborhood ev] s9ce4 7#d7 ,!y c\ld no long] be induc$ to play at ,pope-,joan or bl9dman's buff2 !y c\ld endure no dances b quadrilles1 :i* nobody _h ev] he>d ( 9 ,little ,brita92 & !y took to read+ novels1 talk+ bad ,fr5*1 & play+ ^u ! piano4 7#e7 ,_! bro!r1 too1 :o _h be5 articl$ to an attorney1 set up = a d&y & a critic1 *>act]s hi!rto unkn[n 9 ^! p>ts2 & he conf\nd$ ! wor?y folks exce$+ly by talk+ ab\t ,kean1 ! op]a1 & ! 8,ed9burgh ,review40 --,,wa%+ton ,,irv+1 ,sket* ,book4 #a4 ,consult ! diction>y = ! mean+ ( all words 9 ?is p>agraph t y d n und]/&4 #b4 ,acc\nt = ! capitalization & punctuation4 ,:y is ! t]m ,ed9burgh ,review inclos$ 9 quotation m>ks8 #c4 ,:at k9d ( n\n is family 9 s5t5ce 7#a78 ,use x 9 a s5t5ce s z to reveal its numb] & its g5d]4 ,:at is its numb] 9 s5t5ce 7#c78 ,h[ d y acc\nt = x8 #d4 ,:at two plural =ms has ! t]m ,miss ,lamb8 ,:at is ! plural ( ,lady ,mayoress8 ,:at does ! diction>y say ab\t ! plural =m folks8 ,:at is ! numb] ( ev]ybody 9 s5t5ce 7#a78 ,:at is ! plural ( attorney8 ( d&y8 #e4 ,tell ! "p ( spee* & use ( long1 en\gh1 s5t5ce 7#a72 h[ev]1 "o1 :i*1 s5t5ce 7#b72 ev]1 s9ce1 s5t5ce 7#c72 no1 long]1 no1 b1 s5t5ce 7#d72 too1 up1 hi!rto1 s5t5ce 7#e74 ,:i* ( ^! words c be us$ z o!r p>ts ( spee*8 ,illu/rate 9 s5t5ces4 #f4 ,are ?riv+ 9 s5t5ce 7#a7 & t[]+ 9 s5t5ce 7#b7 p>ticiples or adjectives8 ,h[ d y decide8 ,is pleas$ 9 s5t5ce 7#a7 a complem5t ( 0 or a "p ( a passive v]b 0 pleas$8 ,h[ d y decide8 ,h[ is smitt5 us$ 9 s5t5ce 7#c78 ,f9d two passive v]bs1 & prove t !y are passive4 #g4 ,supply ! ellipsis be=e & aft] popul> 9 s5t5ce 7#a72 be=e put 9 s5t5ce 7#a74 #h4 ,tell ! use ( ea* ( ! foll[+ v]bals3 be+ 7#b72 read+1 talk+1 play+ 7#d72 talk+ 7#e74 ,tell h[ ea* ( ^! v]bals is modifi$ or complet$4 #i4 ,select ea* prepositional phrase & tell :at x modifies4 #aj4 ,select all ! inf9itives ) to & tell ! grammatical use ( ea*4 #aa4 ,p>se ! relative pron\ns 9 s5t5ces 7#d7 & 7#e74 ,are ! clauses t !y introduce re/rictive or unre/rictive8 #ab4 ,tell ! use & case ( ea* ( ! foll[+ n\ns3 belles 7#a72 talk1 dete/ation 7#c72 *>act]s 7#e74 #ac4 ,tell ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ea* ( ^! v]bs3 put 7#a72 _h1 wore 7#b72 got1 set 7#c72 took 7#d74 ,ex]cise #b 7#a7 ,ahem6 ,dry "w1 ?is spee*ify+1 especially to an unpractic$ orator4 7#b7 ,i nev] conceiv$ till n[ :at toil ! temp]ance lectur]s und]go = my sake2 h]eaft] !y %all h ! bus9ess to !mselves4 7#c7 ,d1 "s k9d ,*ri/ian1 pump a /roke or two1 j to wet my :i/le4 7#d7 ,?ank y1 sir6 7#e7 ,my de> he>]s1 :5 ! _w %all h be5 reg5]at$ by my in/rum5tality1 y w collect y\r useless vats & liquor casks into "o great pile & make a bonfire 9 honor ( ! t[n pump4 7#f7 ,& :5 ,i %all h decay$ l my pr$ecessors1 !n1 if y rev]e my memory1 let a m>ble f\nta91 ri*ly sculptur$1 take my place ^u ?is spot4 7#g7 ,su* monum5ts %\ld be erect$ ev]y:]e & inscrib$ ) ! names ( ! di/+ui%$ *ampions ( my cause4 7#h7 ,"o o'clock6 7#i7 ,nay1 !n1 if ! d9n] bell beg9s to speak1 ,i may z well hold my peace4 7#aj7 ,"h comes a pretty "y girl ( my acqua9tance ) a l>ge /one pit*] = me to fill4 7#aa7 ,may %e draw a husb& :ile draw+ h] wat]1 z ,ra*el did ( old6 7#ab7 ,hold out y\r vessel1 my de>6 7#ac7 ,!re x is1 full to ! brim2 s n[ run home1 peep+ at y\r sweet image 9 ! pit*] z y g1 & =get n1 9 a glass ( my own liquor1 to dr9k 8,success to ! t[n pump40 --,,na?aniel ,,haw?orne1 ,twice ,told ,tales4 #a4 ,consult ! diction>y = ! mean+ ( words 9 ^! p>agraphs t y d n und]/&4 #b4 ,classify ea* s5t5ce bo? z to purpose & /ructure4 #c4 ,:at "p ( spee* is ahem8 ,:at feel+ does x express 9 s5t5ce 7#a78 #d4 ,supply ! ellipsis 9 s5t5ce 7#a74 ,:at "p ( spee* is spee*ify+8 ,:at is its grammatical use8 #e4 ,:at does ! adv]b especially 9 s5t5ce 7#a7 modify8 #f4 ,acc\nt = ! use ( %all & w 9 ^! p>agraphs4 #g4 ,select all ! dep5d5t clauses4 ,tell ! class & use ( ea*1 & ! introductory ^w4 #h4 ,select all ! t]ms ( address4 ,:at is ! base ^w ( ea*8 #i4 ,:at is ! use ( n[ s5t5ce 7#b78 old 7#aa78 d9n] 7#i78 #aj4 ,p>se ea* pr$icate v]b 9 s5t5ces 7#c71 7#e71 7#f71 7#g74 #aa4 ,tell ! "p ( spee* & use ( !mselves1 s5t5ce 7#b72 /roke1 two 7#c72 !re1 full1 peep+1 glass1 own 7#ac74 #ab4 ,tell ! use ( all inf9itive phrases 9 s5t5ces 7#c71 7#f71 7#i71 7#aj71 7#ac74 ,ex]cise #c 7#a7 ,once ^u a "t !re came to ?is e>? a visitor f a neighbor+ planet4 ,& he 0 met at ! place ( 8 desc5t by a great philosoph]1 :o 0 to %[ him ev]y?+4 7#b7 ,fir/ ( all !y came ?r\gh a wood1 & ! /rang] look$ ^u ! trees4 8,:om h we "h80 said he4 7#c7 8,^! are only vegetables10 said ! philosoph]4 8,!y are alive1 b n at all int]e/+40 7#d7 8,i don't "k ab\t t10 said ! /rang]4 8,!y seem to h v good mann]s4 ,d !y nev] speak80 7#e7 8,!y lack ! gift10 said ! philosoph]4 7#f7 8,yet ,i ?9k ,i he> !m s+10 said ! o!r4 7#g7 8,t is only ! w9d among ! leaves10 said ! philosoph]4 8,i w expla9 to y ! !ory ( w9ds2 x is v int]e/+40 7#h7 8,well10 said ! /rang]1 8,i wi% ,i knew :at !y are ?9k+40 7#i7 8,!y _c ?9k10 said ! philosoph]4 7#aj7 8,i don't "k ab\t t10 return$ ! /rang]2 & !n lay+ 8 h& ^u a trunk3 8,i l ^! p10 said he4 7#aa7 8,!y are n p at all10 said ! philosoph]4 8,come along40 7#ab7 ,next !y came ?r\gh a mead[ :]e !re 7 c[s4 7#ac7 8,^! are v dirty p10 said ! /rang]4 7#ad7 8,!y are n p at all10 said ! philosoph]2 & he expla9$ :at a c[ is 9 sci5tific words :i* ,i h =gott54 7#ae7 8,t is all "o to me10 said ! /rang]4 8,b :y d !y nev] look up80 7#af7 8,because !y are gram9ivor\s10 said ! philosoph]2 8& to live ^u grass1 :i* is n highly nutriti\s1 requires s close an att5tion to bus9ess t !y h no "t to ?9k1 or speak1 or look at ! sc5]y1 or keep !mselves clean40 7#ag7 8,well10 said ! /rang]1 8t is "o way to live1 no d\bt4 ,b ,i pref] ! p ) ! gre5 heads40 7#ah7 ,next !y came into a city1 & ! /reets 7 full ( m5 & wom54 7#ai7 8,^! are v odd p10 said ! /rang]4 7#bj7 8,!y are ! p ( ! greate/ nation 9 ! _w10 said ! philosoph]4 7#ba7 8,are !y inde$80 said ! /rang]4 8,!y sc>cely look s40 --,r4 ,l4 ,,/ev5son1 ,fables4 #a4 ,rewrite ?is selection1 *ang+ ! direct to indirect disc\rse & not+ ! *anges made 9 v]bs1 pron\ns1 & o!r words4 #b4 ,fill out ! elliptical s5t5ces1 & tell ! grammatical use ( ea* ( ! words t y supply4 #c4 ,comm5t on ! use ( & 7#a71 b 7#ae71 & b 7#ag74 #d4 ,expla9 h[ ea* ( ! foll[+ v]bs & v]bals is complet$ & modifi$3 01 to %[1 p>agraph 7#a72 h 7#b72 are1 & are 7#c72 seem 7#d72 lack 7#e72 ?9k1 he>1 said 7#f72 wi%1 knew1 are ?9k+ 7#h72 lay+ 7#aj72 expla9$1 is1 h =gott5 7#ad72 is 7#ae72 keep 7#af74 #e4 ,f9d ! subject ( came 9 ! fir/ s5t5ce1 & expla9 ! use ( !re4 ,prove t 0 met 9 p>agraph 7#a7 is a true passive v]b4 #f4 ,tell ! grammatical use ( ea* inf9itive 9 p>agraphs 7#af7 & 7#ag74 #g4 ,tell ! "p ( spee* & use ( once1 p>agraph 7#a72 fir/ 7#b72 highly1 s 7#af72 well 7#ag72 next 7#ah72 v 7#ai72 inde$1 sc>cely1 s 7#ba74 #h4 ,p>se all ! adjective pron\ns1 int]rogative pron\ns1 & relative pron\ns4 #i4 ,f9d all ! prepositional phrases1 & tell :at ea* phrase modifies4 ,tell ! object ( ea* preposition1 & if !re is any?+ peculi> ab\t any object1 comm5t ^u ! peculi>ity4 #aj4 ,select all ! dep5d5t clauses4 ,tell ! k9d & use ( ea* clause1 & its introductory ^w4 ,classify ! adjective clauses z re/rictive or unre/rictive1 & tell :at ! adv]bial clauses d5ote4 ,if a ^w is us$ 9 a peculi> or uncommon way1 consult ! diction>y = in=mation reg>d+ x4 ,ex]cise #d 7#a7 ,!re troop ! ?ree mo/ rogui% boys t ev] made p>5ts scold or laugh4 7#b7 ,!y h no?+ to d b to set ea* o!r on to mis*ief4 7#c7 ,!y pull (f buds f ! unblossom$ rose bu%es2 !y pick cucumb]s by ! half bu%el t 7 to h be5 let alone2 !y break d[n r>e %rubb]y to get :ips1 & in/ead get :ipp+s2 !y kill ! gu9ea-pigs2 *ase ! *ick5s2 break up h5s' ne/s2 get into ! c>riages & wagons only to tumble out1 & set all ! nurses a-runn+2 !y /udy e means ( gett+ "u ! horses' feet1 &1 z ! m dang]\s act1 !y are fond ( tickl+ _! h9d legs1 & pull+ at _! tails2 !y fill ! already f$ horses ) extra oats1 caus+ ! ho/l] to fe> = 8 *>ges' heal?1 s9ce !y refuse oats at ! next regul> fe$+2 !y paddle 9 all ! mud on ! premises2 sit d[n 9 ! /reet & fill _! pockets ) dirt2 !y wet _! clo!s 9 ! brook1 te> !m 9 ! woods1 lose _! caps a doz5 times a day1 & g b>e-head$ 9 ! blaz+ sun2 !y cut up e imag9able prank ) _! long-suff]+ nurses :5 meals are s]v$1 or :5 b$time comes1 or :5 morn+ br+s ! wa%+ & dress+4 7#d7 ,!y are little1 nimble1 compact sk9fuls ( +5i\s1 f]tile1 endless1 untir+ mis*ief4 7#e7 ,!y /ub _! toes1 or cut _! f+]s1 or get /ung1 or eat "s poison\s b]ry1 se$1 or root1 or make u ?9k t !y h1 :i* is j z bad2 !y fall d[n /airs1 or eat gre5 fruit till !y are z tight z a drum2 & yet !re is no peace to u )\t !m1 z !re c]ta9ly is none ) !m4 ,mis*iev\s d>l+s6 ,joyful plagues6 ,lov+1 rollick+1 laugh+ rogues6 --,,h5ry ,,w>d ,,bee*]1 ,/> ,pap]s4 #a4 ,give ! pr9cipal p>ts ( ea* pr$icate v]b 9 ?is selection2 its t5se4 ,read ! selection ) ! pr$icate v]bs 9 ! pa/ t5se4 #b4 ,expla9 h[ ! foll[+ v]bs are complet$ & modifi$3 made1 s5t5ce 7#a72 h 7#b72 pull1 71 lose1 g1 cut 7#c72 are 7#d72 get1 make 7#e74 #c4 ,select all ! adjectives & tell :at !y modify4 ,classify !m z limit+ or descriptive4 ,comp>e !m1 if possible4 ,if any ( !m d n admit ( comp>ison1 tell :y4 #d4 ,tell ! use ( !re1 s5t5ce 7#a7 & !re 7#e74 #e4 ,tell ! use & case ( ea* ( ! foll[+ n\ns3 boys1 s5t5ce 7#a72 legs 7#c72 ho/l] 7#c72 times 7#c72 day 7#c72 drum 7#e72 d>l+s 7#e74 #f4 ,f9d ?ree n\ns 9 ! possessive case1 & tell :at ea* ( !m modifies4 ,decl9e ea* ( ^! n\ns4 #g4 ,select all ! inf9itives ) to & tell ! use ( ea*4 #h4 ,select & classify all ! words 9 -+4 #i4 ,acc\nt = ! punctuation ( ?is selection4 #aj4 ,select all ! dep5d5t clauses4 ,tell ! k9d & use ( ea*1 & ! introductory ^w4 #aa4 ,tell ! "p ( spee* & use ( on 7#b72 (f1 alone1 d[n1 up1 already 7#c72 j1 d[n1 c]ta9ly 7#e74 #ab4 ,select all ! cord9ate conjunctions 9 s5t5ces 7#c7 & 7#e7 & tell :at ea* conjunction jo9s4 ,,index ,absolute phrases1 #bcg4 ,absolute use ( n\n1 #bcg4 ,ab/ract n\ns1 #ad4 ,active voice1 #dj4 ,address1 t]m (1 #ci1 #dj4 ,adjective clauses1 #aga4 re/rictive1 #aic4 unre/rictive1 #aid4 ,adjective elem5ts1 #bi4 ,adjective phrases1 #ca4 ,adjective pron\ns1 #aba4 decl5sion (1 #abb4 ,adjectives1 appositive1 #hh4 classifi$1 #aaj4 comp>ison (1 #aaf1 #aag4 def9$1 #be4 errors 9 use (1 #aah1 #aai4 misus$ = adv]bs1 #gj1 #ga4 modify+ pron\ns1 #bf4 objective complem5t1 #id4 p>s+ (1 #abj4 review (1 #abj4 subjective complem5t1 #fi4 ,adv]bial clauses1 ( cause1 #ahc4 ( comp>ison1 #ahh1 #ahi4 ( concession1 #ahf4 ( condition1 #ahf4 ( mann]1 #aha4 ( place1 #aha4 ( purpose1 #ahd4 ( result1 #ahd4 ( "t1 #ahj1 #aha4 (fice (1 #aga4 ,adv]bial n\ns1 #ia4 ,adv]bial n\n phrases1 #ia4 modify+ adjectives or adv]bs1 #ib4 ,adv]bial n\n phrases1 modify+ v]bs1 #ia4 :at !y d5ote1 #ia4 ,adv]bial phrases1 #ca4 ,adv]bs1 comp>ison (1 #agj4 conjunctive1 #agb4 def9$1 #bh4 =mation (1 #ca4 int]rogative1 #agj4 introduc+ n\n clauses1 #bjd1 #bje4 mean+ (1 #bh4 misus$ = adjectives1 #gj1 #ga4 modify+ adjectives1 #bi4 modify+ adv]bs1 #bi4 modify+ s5t5ces1 #age4 modify+ v]bs1 #bh4 p>s+ (1 #agd4 simple1 #agj4 summ>y (1 #agc4 ,aft]1 #agh4 ,agreem5t1 ( p>ticiple & n\n1 #bci4 ( subject & v]b1 #afe1 #aff4 ,among1 #cg4 ,analysis1 models =1 #cd1 #dh1 #aia1 #bbe1 #bdd4 ,antec$5t1 ( p]sonal pron\n1 #ih4 ( relative pron\n1 #aig4 ,anticipative subject1 #bja1 #bab1 #bdg4 ,appositive1 adjective1 #hh4 case (1 #hg4 9 possessive case1 #hf4 inf9itive1 #bae4 n\n1 #he1 #hf4 ,appositive1 n\n clause1 #bja4 position (1 #hf4 punctuation (1 #hf1 #hg4 ,articles1 def9ite & indef9ite1 #aac4 uses (1 #aad4 ,z1 relative pron\n1 #aig4 ,at1 #cg4 ,auxili>y v]bs1 #abd4 c1 c\ld1 etc41 #aed-aef4 %all & w1 #aea1 #aeb4 ,be=e1 #agh4 ,beside1 #ch4 ,besides1 #ch4 ,betwe51 #cg4 ,b1 conjunction & preposition1 #df4 relative pron\n1 #aig4 uses (1 #agh4 ,by1 #ch4 ,c & c\ld1 #aee1 #aef4 ,capitalization1 ( prop] adjectives1 #aaa4 ( prop] n\ns1 #ac1 #ad4 ,case1 #hc-ie1 #ajj1 #ajh1 #aif4 ,cause1 clauses (1 #ahc4 ,clauses1 adjective1 #aga1 #aic-aig4 adv]bial1 #aga1 #ahj-aia4 def9$1 #dh4 dep5d5t1 #eb1 #ec4 indep5d5t1 #dh4 n\n1 #bjj1 #bja4 review (1 #bjf4 ,collective n\ns1 #aff4 ,common g5d]1 #gh4 ,common n\ns1 #ac1 #ad4 ,comp>ative degree1 #aaf4 ,comp>ison1 clauses (1 #ahh1 #ahi4 ( adjectives1 #aaf4 ( adv]bs1 #agj4 h[ d5ot$1 #aaf1 #aag4 irregul>1 #aag4 ,complem5t1 def9$1 #fa4 ,complem5t1 direct object1 #fa4 d\ble object1 #baf4 objective1 #id1 #ade4 subjective1 #fg1 #fh4 ,complex s5t5ces1 #ec4 ,comp\nd p]sonal pron\ns1 #ajf4 uses (1 #ajf4 ,comp\nd pr$icate1 #ai1 #bj4 ,comp\nd s5t5ces1 #ej4 ,comp\nd subject1 #bj4 ,concession1 clauses (1 #ahf4 ,condition1 clauses (1 #ahf4 ,conjugation1 active voice1 #abh-acj1 #acb1 #acd4 def9$1 #abg4 emphatic1 #adi4 imp]ative mode1 #acd4 indicative mode1 #abh-acj4 int]rogative1 #abi4 passive voice1 #adj-adb4 progressive1 #adh4 subjunctive mode1 #acb4 ,conjunctions1 #df4 cord9ate1 #agd4 correlative1 #age4 9 comp\nd s5t5ces1 #ej4 subord9ate1 #agf1 #agg4 ,conjunctive adv]bs1 #agb4 9 n\n clauses1 #bjd4 ,contractions1 #acj4 ,cord9ate conjunctions1 #agd4 ,correlative conjunctions1 #age4 ,dangl+ p>ticiples1 #bci4 ,decl>ative s5t5ces1 #i1 #aj4 ,decl5sion1 ( n\ns1 #hd4 ( p]sonal pron\ns1 #ih4 ( relative pron\ns1 #aif4 ,defective v]bs1 #aed-aeg4 ,demon/rative adjectives1 #aac4 ,dep5d5t clauses1 #eb4 ,descriptive adjectives1 #aaj1 #aaa4 ,direct & indirect disc\rse1 #afb-afe4 ,direct & indirect quotations1 #afb-afe4 ,d1 z pr9cipal v]b1 #aeg4 ,d\ble object1 ( preposition =1 #bbj4 ( v]b1 #baf-bah4 ,d\ble possessive1 #ha1 #ajd4 ,ea* o!r1 #abb4 ,elliptical s5t5ces1 #bdi1 #bej4 ,else1 z limit+ adjective1 #aac4 uses (1 #agh4 ,emphatic conjugation1 #adi1 #aej4 ,en\gh1 #aac4 ,errors1 9 adjectives1 #gj1 #ga1 #aah1 #aai4 9 adv]bs1 #gj1 #ga4 9 inf9itives1 #bba1 #bbb4 9 int]rogative pron\ns1 #aji1 #aaj4 9 p>ticiples1 #bci4 9 p]sonal pron\ns1 #aja1 #ajc4 9 v]bs1 #acj1 #acg-adb4 ,exclamatory n\ns1 #dj4 ,exclamatory s5t5ces1 #dd1 #de4 ,fem99e g5d]1 #gh4 ,float+ p>ticiple1 #bci4 ,=1 #agi4 ,g5d]1 #gg1 #gh4 h[ d5ot$1 #gh4 ,g]und1 #baa4 ,go+1 9 v]b phrase1 #aef4 ,h1 z pr9cipal v]b1 #aeg4 ,h5ce1 #agi4 ,idiomatic expressions1 #ajd1 #bja1 #bbj1 #bce1 #bdg4 ,imp]ative mode1 #acd4 conjugation (1 #acd4 ,imp]ative s5t5ces1 #da4 subject omitt$1 #db4 ,imp]sonal v]bs1 #aeg4 ,91 #cg1 #ch4 ,indep5d5t elem5ts1 #ci1 #dj4 ,indicative mode1 #abg4 ,indirect disc\rse1 #afb-afe4 ,indirect object1 #hi1 #ij4 becom+ subject ( passive v]b1 #ada4 position (1 #ij4 ,inf9itive phrases1 #baa4 ,inf9itives1 def9$1 #bji4 errors 9 use (1 #bba1 #bbb4 9 apposition1 #bae4 9 -+1 #baj4 modifi$ by possessive1 #baa4 modifi] ( adjective1 #bbj1 #bba4 modifi] ( n\n1 #bae4 modifi] ( v]b1 #bah4 object ( preposition1 #bbj4 object ( v]b1 #bac4 "p ( d\ble object1 #baf-bah4 subjective complem5t1 #bac4 summ>y (1 #bbd1 #bbe4 us$ indep5d5tly1 #bba4 ) to1 #bji1 #baj4 ,int]jections1 #dc4 ,int]rogative adjectives1 #aac4 ,int]rogative adv]bs1 #agj4 ,int]rogative conjugation1 #abi4 ,int]rogative pron\ns1 #ajh4 errors 9 use (1 #aji1 #aaj4 9 n\n clause1 #bjd4 uses (1 #ajh4 ,int]rogative s5t5ces1 #bc1 #bd4 ord] (1 #bd4 ,into1 #ch4 ,intransitive v]bs1 ( action1 #fd4 ( be+1 #fd1 #ff1 #fg4 ,irregul> v]bs1 def9$1 #ace1 #acf4 errors 9 use (1 #acg-adj4 pr9cipal p>ts (1 #acg4 ,x1 z anticipative subject1 #bja1 #bab1 #bdg4 ,lay & lie1 #acg4 ,l1 #aha4 ,limit+ adjectives1 #aaj1 #aac1 #aad4 ,mann]1 clauses (1 #aha4 ,mascul9e g5d]1 #gg4 ,may & might1 #aee1 #aef4 ,mode1 def9$1 #abg4 imp]ative1 #acd4 indicative1 #abg4 subjunctive1 #aca1 #acb4 ,modifi]1 #bf4 ,mu/1 #aee1 #aef4 ,natural ord]1 #bb4 ,neut] g5d]1 #gh4 ,nom9ative case1 #hc1 #hd1 #ajj4 ,n\n clauses1 #bjj4 introductory ^w (1 #bjc1 #bjd4 uses (1 #bjj1 #bja4 ,n\ns1 ab/ract1 #ad4 adv]bial1 #ia1 #ib4 z adjectives1 #bg4 z int]jections1 #dc4 case (1 #hc1 #hd4 collective1 #aff4 common1 #ac1 #ad4 comp\nd1 #ha4 decl5sion (1 #hd4 def9$1 #aa1 #ab4 direct object1 #fa4 g5d] (1 #gg1 #gh4 9 apposition1 #he-hg4 9 exclamation1 #dj4 9 -+1 #bdj4 indirect object1 #hi4 numb] (1 #gd-gf4 object ( preposition1 #ce4 objective complem5t1 #id4 p>s+ (1 #if4 possessive1 #gi-hb4 prop]1 #ac1 #ad4 t]m ( address1 #ci1 #dj4 us$ absolutely1 #bcg4 ,numb]1 def9$1 #gd4 s+ul> & plural1 #gd1 #ge4 ,num]al adjectives1 #aac4 ,o1 #dc4 ,object1 d\ble1 #baf4 indirect1 #hi1 #ij1 #ada4 ( preposition1 #ce1 #cf4 ( v]b1 #fa4 reta9$1 #adf4 ,objective complem5t1 #id4 becom+ subjective complem5t ( passive v]b1 #ade4 ,(f1 #ch4 ,"o1 decl9$1 #abb4 ,"o ano!r1 #abb4 ,only1 #agi4 ,o!r1 decl9$1 #abb4 ,own1 ) possessives1 #ajj4 ,p>s+1 ( adjectives1 #abj4 ( adv]bs1 #agd4 ( n\ns1 #if4 ( prepositions1 #agi4 ( pron\ns1 #ajj1 #bjh4 ( v]bs1 #aej1 #afh4 ,p>ticipial phrases1 #bbi4 ,p>ticiples1 agreem5t (1 #bci4 dangl+1 or float+1 #bci4 def9$1 #bbh1 #bbi4 diff]+ f adjectives1 #bca4 errors 9 use (1 #bci4 =ms (1 #bbh4 summ>y (1 #bdc1 #bdd4 uses (1 #adj1 #add1 #ade1 #adh1 #bbh1 #bbi1 #bca1 #bce1 #bcg4 ,p>ts ( spee*1 summ>y (1 #eg4 ,passive voice1 #adj-adb4 ,pa/ p>ticiple1 #ace1 #bbh4 z subjective complem5t1 #add1 #ade4 9 passive conjugation1 #adj4 ,p]son1 ( n\ns1 #ih4 ( pron\ns1 #ih4 ( v]bs1 #abg4 ,p]sonal pron\ns1 #ih4 comp\nd1 #ajf4 decl5sion (1 #ih4 errors 9 use (1 #aja-ajc4 uses (1 #ajj1 #ajc-aje4 ,phrases1 #ca1 #cc4 absolute1 #bcg4 adjective1 #ca4 adv]bial1 #ca4 z subjective complem5t1 #fi4 def9$1 #cc4 d5ot+ possession1 #ha4 9 a s]ies1 #cb4 inf9itive1 #baa4 p>ticipial1 #bbi4 position (1 #cb4 prepositional1 #ce1 #cf4 ,place1 clauses (1 #aha4 ,plurals1 =eign1 #ge4 =mation (1 #gd1 #ge4 comp\nd n\ns1 #ge4 lett]s & figures1 #ge4 titles1 #ge4 regul> & irregul>1 #gd4 same z s+ul>1 #gd4 ,positive degree1 #aaf4 ,possessive case1 #hc4 ( comp\nd n\ns1 #ha4 ,possessive n\ns1 #hj1 #hc4 =m (1 #hj1 #ha4 9 d\ble possessives1 #ha4 :at !y d5ote1 #ha4 ,possessive pron\ns1 #ajc4 h[ us$1 #ajd4 9 d\ble possessives1 #ajd4 ,pr$icate1 comp\nd1 #ai1 #bj4 def9$1 #i1 #aj4 simple1 #af4 transpos$1 #bb4 ,prepositions1 #cd1 #ce4 correct use (1 #cg-ci4 p>s+ (1 #agi4 ,pres5t p>ticiple1 9 progressive conjugation1 #adh1 #bbh4 ,pr9cipal p>ts1 #ace4 ,pr9cipal p>ts1 ( irregul> v]bs1 #acg4 ,progressive conjugation1 #adh4 ,pron\ns1 adjective1 #aba4 comp\nd p]sonal1 #ajf4 def9$1 #ah4 9 clauses ( comp>ison1 #aij1 #aia4 indef9ite1 #bjd4 int]rogative1 #ajh4 p>s+ (1 #ajj1 #bjh4 p]sonal1 #ih1 #ajj1 #ajc4 ,pron\ns1 relative1 #aif1 #aig4 review (1 #bjg4 ,prop] adjectives1 #aaa4 ,prop] n\ns1 #ac1 #ad4 ,punctuation1 ( a s]ies1 #bj1 #be1 #bf1 #cb4 ( appositives1 #hf-hh4 ( comp\nd s5t5ces1 #ej4 ( comp\nd subject & pr$icate1 #bj4 ( decl>ative s5t5ces1 #aj4 ( exclamatory s5t5ces1 #dd4 ( int]rogative s5t5ces1 #bd4 ( phrases1 #cb4 ,purpose1 clauses (1 #ahd4 ,raise & rise1 #ach4 ,reflexive use ( pron\ns1 #ajf4 ,regul> v]bs1 #ace1 #acf4 ,relative pron\ns1 #aif1 #aig4 :at1 #bjd4 ,result1 clauses (1 #ahd4 ,reta9$ object1 #adf4 ,review1 g5]al1 #beg-bfd4 ( adjectives1 #abj4 ( adv]bs1 #agc4 ( analysis1 #beb4 ( clauses1 #bjf4 ( inf9itives1 #bbd1 #bbe4 ( n\ns1 #if1 #ig4 ( p>ticiples1 #bdc4 ( p>ts ( spee*1 #eg4 ( prepositions1 #agi4 ,review1 g5]al1 ( pron\ns1 #bjg4 ( s5t5ces1 #ee4 ( v]bs1 #gb1 #afh4 ,s5t5ces1 complex1 #ec4 comp\nd1 #ej4 decl>ative1 #i1 #aj4 def9$1 #i1 #aj4 elliptical1 #bdi1 #bej1 exclamatory1 #dd1 #de4 imp]ative1 #da4 int]rogative1 #bc1 #bd4 review (1 #ee4 simple1 #dh4 ,sequ5ce ( t5ses1 #abe1 #afc4 ,s]ies1 ( adjectives1 #be4 ( phrases1 #cb4 ( pr$icates1 #bj4 ,set & sit1 #ach4 ,%all & w1 #aea4 9 indirect disc\rse1 #afc4 9 int]rogative s5t5ces1 #aeb4 rules = use (1 #aeb4 ,%\ld & w\ld1 #afj-afb4 9 subjunctive mode1 #aee4 ,simple adv]bs1 #agj4 ,simple pr$icate1 #af4 ,simple s5t5ces1 #dh4 ,simple subject1 #aa4 ,s9ce1 #agi4 ,s+ul> numb]1 #gd4 ,s1 #agi4 ,subject1 comp\nd1 #bj4 def9$1 #i1 #aj4 h[ f\nd1 #af4 simple1 #aa4 transpos$1 #bb4 ,subjective complem5t1 #fg1 #fh4 adjective1 #fi4 inf9itive1 #bac4 n\n1 #fg1 #fi4 p>ticiple1 #add1 #ade4 prepositional phrase1 #fi4 ,subjunctive mode1 #aca4 conjugation (1 #acb4 ,subjunctive mode1 t5ses (1 #acb4 ,subord9ate conjunctions1 #agf1 #agg4 ,summ>y1 ( adv]bs1 #agc4 ( case relations1 #ig4 ( inf9itives1 #bbd1 #bbe4 ( p>ticiples1 #bdc1 #bdd4 ,sup]lative degree1 #aaf4 ,t5se1 #abc4 errors 91 #abe1 #abf4 9 n\n clauses1 #bja4 prim>y1 #abd4 second>y1 #abd4 sequ5ce (1 #abe1 #afc4 ,t]m ( address1 #ci4 ,!1 an adv]b1 #agj4 ,!re1 #bdg1 #bdh4 ,till1 #agi4 ,"t1 clauses (1 #ahj1 #aha4 ,to1 omitt$ 9 inf9itives1 #bag4 ,to1 use (1 #cg4 ,transitive v]bs1 #fj1 #fa4 foll[$ by indirect object1 #ij4 foll[$ by objective complem5t1 #id4 :at !y d5ote1 #fb4 ,transpos$ ord]1 #bb4 ,until1 #agi4 ,us$1 9 v]b phrases1 #aef4 ,v]b phrases1 #aee1 #aef4 ,v]bals1 #baj1 #baa4 ,v]bs1 defective1 #aed-aeg4 def9$1 #af4 errors 9 use (1 #acj1 #acg-adb4 intransitive1 #fd1 #ff1 #fg4 mode (1 #abg1 #aca1 #acd4 p>s+ (1 #aej1 #afh4 pr9cipal p>ts (1 #ace1 #acg4 regul> & irregul>1 #ace1 #acf4 review (1 #gb1 #afh4 t5se (1 #abc-abf4 transitive1 #fj1 #fa4 us$ z int]jections1 #dc4 us$ transitively or intransitively1 #fd1 #ff4 voice (1 #adj-adb4 ,voice1 active & passive1 #adj4 conjugation ( passive1 #adj-adb4 te/ = passive1 #ade4 ,)1 #ch4 ,words 9 -+1 #bdj4 ,words us$1 z adjective or adv]b1 #ei4 z adv]b or preposition1 #fj4 z n\n or adjective1 #eh4 z n\n or v]b1 #eh4 z preposition1 conjunction1 or adv]b1 #agi4 ,w\ld1 z pr9cipal v]b1 #aee4 ,yet1 #agi4