,,sons ,,( ,,! ,,isles4 ,!re is a spell wov5 by re/less seas1 ,a secret *>m t haunts our ,isl& air1 ,hold+ our he>ts & foll[+ ev]y:]e ,! w&]+ *ildr5 ( ! ,orcades2 ,& /ill1 :5 sleep ! prison$ _s frees1 ,:at dim void wa/es1 :at /range d>k seas we d>e1 ,till :]e ! de> gre5 ,isles %9e l[ & fair ,we moor 9 dreams beside famili> quays4 ,sons ( ! ,isles6 ?\gh ye may roam af>1 ,/ill on y\r lips ! salt sea spray is /++1 ,/ill 9 y\r he>ts ! w9ds ( y\? are s++2 ,?\gh 9 heav5s gr[n famili> to y\r eyes ,! ,s\!rn ,cross is gleam+1 = old skies ,y\r he>ts are fa9 & = ! ,nor!rn ,/>4 ,,duncan ,j4 ,,rob]tson 78,*amb]s's ,j\rnal40 ,by p]mission47 ,illu/ration3 8,! wond] & ! glory ( all ! ,nor?0 7p4 #fi74 ,illu/ration ,! ,orkney ,book ,read+s = ,"y ,orcadians ,compil$ & ,edit$ by ,john ,gunn1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,sc4 ,au?or ( 8,sons ( ! ,vik+s10 8,! ,boys ( ,hamnavoe10 etc4 ,?omas ,nelson ,sons1 ,ltd4 ,london1 ,ed9burgh1 & ,new ,york ,,preface4 ,?is is a book ab\t ,orkney1 = use 9 ,orkney1 design$ & = ! mo/ "p writt5 by natives ( ,orkney4 ,x owes its orig9 to ! ,ed9burgh ,univ]sity ,orcadian ,association1 ! memb]s ( :i* realiz$ ! desirability ( prep>+ = use 9 ! s*ools ( ,orkney a book adapt$ to ! special conditions ( ! ,isl&s4 ,educationi/s n[ recognize t ,k ought1 l ,*>ity1 to 8beg9 at home30 ?is is true ( e bran* ( k--hi/ory1 geography1 lit]ature1 & ! re/4 ,!y might ev5 adopt ) an educational ref]5ce ! say+ ( ! wise man1 8,wisdom is be=e him t ha? und]/&+2 b ! eyes ( a fool are 9 ! ends ( ! e>?40 ,an attempt has accord+ly be5 made 9 ?is book to pres5t to ! "y folks ( ,orkney a g5]al view ( _! homel&1 "s description ( its pa/ & its pres5t1 & "s k ( its naturali/ic & its humani/ic aspects1 ) ! object ( awak5+ _! int]e/ 9 _! own ,isl&s1 9 ord] t f ?is c5tre _! k may advance ! m surely to ! sweep ( a wid] horizon4 ,=1 l ,*>ity aga91 :ile ,k mu/ beg9 at home1 x mu/ n rema9 at home4 ,:ile ! scope ( ! book is wide1 ! treatm5t ( ea* class ( subjects is necess>ily sugge/ive r ?an exhau/ive4 ,all t is possible )9 ! limits ( a s+le small volume is to pres5t illu/rative specim5s r ?an a complete collection ( /udies4 ,h5ce !re is abundant opportunity = ! tea*] to supplem5t ! book by specializ+ 9 "o direction or 9 ano!r accord+ to individual pref]5ce4 ,! aim has be5 r to supply ! irr$ucible m9imum1 suitable to all1 9 ! hope t ! book may f9d its way into e s*ool 9 ! c\nty1 & be read by e ,orkney boy & girl be=e _! s*ooldays are ov]4 ,! ,committee ( ! ,ed9burgh ,univ]sity ,orcadian ,association :o h sup]9t5d$ ! issue ( ! book ackn[l$ge gratefully ! c\rtesy ) :i* copyright mat]ial has be5 plac$ at _! disposal4 ,!y wi% to record _! obligations to ! ,controll] ( ,8 ,maje/y's ,/ation]y ,(fice1 to ,messrs4 ,j4 ,m4 ,d5t & ,co41 ,messrs4 ,longmans1 ,gre51 & ,co41 ,messrs4 ,macmillan & ,co41 ,messrs4 ,w4 & ,r4 ,*amb]s1 & ! ,walt] ,scott ,publi%+ ,company1 = ! use ( ! extracts to :i* _! names are respectively app5d$1 & to ,messrs4 ,?omas ,nelson & ,sons = mu* copyright mat]ial1 includ+ num]\s illu/rations4 ,!y also desire to express _! ?anks to ! ,hon\rable ,mrs4 ,john ,dundas ( ,papdale1 & to ,messrs4 ,duncan ,j4 ,rob]tson1 ,j4 ,/or] ,cl\/on1 & ,edmund ,sel\s = lit]>y contributions :i* are 9 !mselves suffici5t to give a high value to ! collection1 z well z to place on record _! indebt$ness to ! late ,mr4 ,james ,tomison = ! article on 8,! ,birds ( ,sule ,sk]ry40 ,! matt] conta9$ 9 ! unsign$ articles has be5 contribut$ by _m ,orcadians1 speciali/s 9 _! sev]al dep>tm5ts1 ^: names are suffici5t gu>antee = accuracy--,messrs4 ,james ,w4 ,cursit]1 ,f4,s4,a4,scot41 = ,ar*ology1 includ+ illu/rations2 ,james ,drev]1 ,m4,a41 = ,norse hi/ory & language2 ,john ,tait1 ,m4,d41 ,d4,sc41 = ,zoology2 ,john ,s4 ,flett1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,sc41 = ,geology2 ,magnus ,sp5ce1 ,f4,e4,i4,s41 = ,meteorology & ,botany2 ,john ,g>rio*1 ,m4,a41 = ,seawe$s2 ,john ,w4 ,bews1 ,m4,a41 ,b4,sc41 & ,george ,w4 ,sc>?1 ,m4,a41 = botanical & descriptive mat]ial2 ,rob]t ,c4 ,wallace1 ,m4,a41 ,b4,sc41 = descriptive mat]ial2 & ,john ,gunn 7,kirkwall7 = ! li/ ( ,orkney birds 9 ! ,app5dix4 ,z reg>ds ! arti/ic features ( ! book1 special ackn[l$gm5t is due to ,messrs4 ,?omas ,k5t1 = 8 g5]osity 9 plac+ at ! disposal ( ! ,editor ! :ole ( 8 unique collection ( ,orkney views1 all ! photographs reproduc$ be+ f 8 /udio1 ) ?ree or f\r exceptions2 ,t4 ,m>joribanks ,hay1 ,r4,s4,w41 = 8 draw+ ( ,/4 ,magnus ,*ur*1 ,egilsay2 ,/anley ,cursit]1 = ! decorative initial lett]s1 ! title-page1 & ! cov] design2 & ,miss ,rose ,lei?1 = ! bord] designs ( ! gr\p$ photographs2 & to ,j4 ,g4 ,b>?olomew1 ,,ll4,d41 = ! two-page map ( ! c\nty4 ,f9ally1 ! ?anks ( ! ,committee are due to ! g5]\s & patriotic fri5ds1 among :om special m5tion ought to be made ( ! ,glasg[ ,orkney & ,%etl& ,lit]>y & ,sci5tific ,association1 ^: donations ( money h enabl$ !m to produce ?is book1 = a volume ^: circulation mu/ necess>ily be limit$ to a small area c\ld be issu$ at s l[ a price only on condition ( ! initial co/ ( manufacture be+ met by ^? int]e/$ 9 its production4 ,! ,editor1 :o mu/ accept responsibility = ! g5]al scope & plan ( ! book1 z well z = ! actual =m & "p ( ! cont5ts ( ! unsign$ articles1 desires p]sonally to ackn[l$ge ! valuable assi/ance he has receiv$ f ! memb]s ( ! ,committee1 especially ,dr4 ,john ,tait & ,mr4 ,james ,drev]1 & f ! o!r fri5ds :o h help$ by _! sympa!tic criticism & advice1 to all ( :om1 z well z to himself1 ! "w has be5 9 e s5se a lab\r ( love2 & he v5tures to express ! hope t ! results ( t "w1 z "h visible1 may f9d fav\r 9 ! sight ( all "y ,orcadians1 & ( _m :o are no long] "y4 ,j4 ,,gunn4 ,,ed9burgh1 #aiji4 ,,cont5ts4 ,page ,"p ,i4--,! ,/ory ( ! ,pa/4 ,prehi/oric ,orkney1 #i ,! ,beg9n+s ( our ,hi/ory1 #ah ,! ,norsem5 & _! ,sagas1 #bc ,! ,beg9n+ ( ! ,e>ldom1 #cb ,! ,d>k ,c5tury1 #dj ,e>l ,?orf9n & ,e>l ,rognvald1 #ed ,! ,slay+ ( ,e>l ,magnus1 #ei ,! ,f\nd+ ( ,/4 ,magnus ,ca!dral1 #fg ,! ,jorsalaf>]s1 #gd ,sweyn ,asleifson1 ! ,la/ ( ! ,vik+s1 #ij ,! ,decay ( ! ,e>ldom & ! ,end ( ! ,we/]n ,k+dom1 #ig ,! ,annexation to ,scotl&1 #aje ,udal & ,feudal1 #aaj ,! ,/ew>t ,e>ls1 #aae ,! ,eighte5? & ,n9ete5? ,c5turies1 #abj ,"p ,,ii4--,! ,isles & ! ,folk4 ,a ,survey ( ! ,isl&s3 ,on ,wide=d ,hill1 #abi ,among ! ,nor? ,isles1 #acd ,among ! ,s\? ,isles1 #adf ,r\nd ! ,ma9l&3 ,fir/ ,day1 #aed ,second ,day1 #aeh ,?ird ,day1 #aff ,f\r? ,day1 #agb ,sket*es by ,hugh ,mill]3 ,! ,dw>fie ,/one1 #agi ,! ,/&+ ,/ones1 #ahd ,! ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,magnus1 #aij ,a ,road 9 ,orcady1 #bjf ,a ,lo* 9 ,orcady1 #bai ,among ! ,kelp]s1 #bbg ,a ,:ale-hunt 9 ,orkney1 #bdb ,articles made ( ,/raw1 #bdh ,! ,wea!r ( ,orkney1 #bee ,! ,place-,names ( ,orkney1 #bfc ,"p ,,iii4--,nature ,lore4 ,! ,/ory ( ! ,rocks3 8,s]mons 9 ,/ones10 #bga 8,books 9 ! ,runn+ ,brooks10 #bgf ,cliffs & ,bea*es1 #bhd ,! ,age ( ,ice1 #bhi ,orkney ,fossils1 #bib ,a ,peat-,moss1 #bif ,"s ,common ,we$s1 #cje ,home ,life on ! ,rocks3 ,guillemots1 #cab ,seals1 #cag ,%ags1 #cbj ,! ,birds ( ,sule ,sk]ry1 #cbh ,! ,resid5t]s1 #ccj ,! ,regul> ,visitors1 #ccd ,occasional ,visitors1 #cdf ,common ,seawe$s1 #ceb ,crabs1 #cfa ,hopp]s & ,%olties1 #cgb ,sea-,anemones1 #cgh ,"p ,,iv4--,leg5d & ,lay4 ,! ,old ,gods1 #chc ,a ,vani%+ ,isl&1 #cia ,hel5 ,wat]s3 a ,leg5d ( ,sule ,sk]ry1 #cif ,a ,leg5d ( ,boray ,isl&1 #djc ,songs ( ! ,gods3 ,! ,*all5ge ( ,?or1 #djh ,tegn]'s ,drapa1 #dji ,! ,song ( ,h>old ,h>fag]1 #dab ,k+ ,hacon's ,la/ ,battle1 #dad ,! ,dea? ( ,haco1 #daf ,! ,old ,man ( ,hoy1 #dbj ,orkney1 #dbb ,sc5es f 8,! ,buccane]03 ,night2 ,morn+1 #dcj ,to ,orkney1 #dcb ,! ,temple ( ,nature1 #dcc ,app5dices4 ,app5dix ,i4--,*ronology ( ,orcadian ,hi/ory to ! ,end ( ! ,e>ldom1 ) ,relat$ ,contempor>y ,ev5ts1 #dce ,app5dix ,,ii4--,norse ,words 9 ,orkney ,place-,names1 #dci ,app5dix ,,iii4--,li/ ( ,birds f\nd 9 ,orkney1 #dda ,app5dix ,,iv4--,books = ,fur!r ,/udy1 #ddc ,,! ,,orkney ,,book4 ,"p ,i4--,! ,/ory ( ! ,pa/4 ,,prehi/oric ,,orkney4 ,at :at p]iod ( ! _w's hi/ory 7 our isl&s fir/ inhabit$1 & :o 7 _! fir/ inhabitants8 ,^! are que/ions :i* we _c n[ answ]4 ,hi/ory is always made be=e x is writt51 & long ages mu/ h pass$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ^! isl&s be=e any writt5 records began to be kept4 ,yet !re are "s records ( t dim1 =gott5 pa/1 :i* pati5t rese>* has ga!r$ toge!r1 & :i* c be made to tell u a few fragm5ts ( our ,isl& /ory4 ,if we look into "o ( ! museums :]e relics ( ! pa/ are pres]v$1 we may f9d su* ?+s z fl9t arr[-heads & knives1 /one axes & hamm]s1 bronze spe>-heads1 & o!r tools & weapons ( ! e>ly inhabitants ( our isl&s4 ,^! sil5t witnesses tell u a little ab\t :at mann] ( m5 !y 71 & h[ !y liv$ _! long-=gott5 lives4 ,! use ( /one implem5ts m>ks a v primitive /age ( life1 yet "o :i* may n be entirely savage4 ,!re are tribes n[ liv+ :i* are /ill 9 _! ,/one ,age4 ,a rec5t travell] tells ( hav+ se5 an inhabitant ( ! ,s\? ,am]ican ,&es sk9 a h>e v neatly ) a small fl9t knife4 ,?is knife is n[ 9 ,kirkwall1 & is precisely simil> to _m :i* h be5 dug up 9 ,orkney4 ,illu/ration3 ,fl9t ,arr[-heads & ,knives4 ,fl9t is n a common /one 9 ! ,orkney ,isl&s4 ,x is f\nd 9 occasional lumps & pebbles among ! clay :i* has be5 c>ri$ f o!r places by ! glaci]s & iceb]gs ( ! ,ice ,age4 ,fl9t is common 9 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,great ,brita91 h[ev]1 & ! arr[s & knives f\nd 9 our isl&s may h be5 br\ght f ! s\?1 or ! art ( mak+ !m may h be5 le>n$ f tribes among :om fl9t 0 a m common mat]ial4 ,?is k9d ( /one1 ! f9e /eel ( ! ,/one ,age1 0 us$ = small implem5ts ov] a wide area ( ! _w4 ,illu/ration3 ,/one ,hamm]s & ,axes4 ,orkney mu/ h _h a l>ge population 9 ^? e>ly days4 ,! numb] ( anci5t graves :i* h be5 f\nd seems to indicate ?is1 especially if we suppose t mo/ ( ^? graves ) _! heap$-up m\nds are ! re/+-places ( *iefs & great m5 r ?an ( ! common p4 ,! graves :i* rema9 are ( v>i$ types1 f ! simple ci/ ( upright /ones ro($ ) horizontal slabs & cov]$ ) e>?1 to ! l>ge m\nd ) its c>efully built *amb]s4 ,! v>iety ( ! objects f\nd 9 ^? graves1 f ! rude/ fl9t & bone implem5ts to ^? :i* are c>efully f9i%$1 & f9ally to objects made ( metal1 %[s t ! burials belong to diff]5t p]iods4 ,!y tell u ( long ages ( increas+ ?\gh n[ =gott5 civilization4 ,"s ( ! m\nds1 inde$1 %[ by _! cont5ts t !y cov] ! rema9s1 n ( ! orig9al & unkn[n inhabitants1 b ( ! ,norse conqu]ors1 & ?us really belong to ! p]iod ^: hi/ory has come d[n to u 9 writ+4 ,b 9 ! v m\nd :]e ! ,norse w>rior 0 laid to re/1 !re are sometimes also f\nd ! relics ( burials ( a mu* rud] age4 ,su* m+l+ ( ! mat]ials ( our unwritt5 hi/ory makes ! /ory :i* !y tell a v difficult "o to read4 ,!re are few rema9s 9 our isl&s m /rik+ ?an ! *amb]$ m\nds1 or ,picts' h\ses1 z !y are call$4 ,! mo/ complete & probably ! mo/ rec5t ( !m is t kn[n z ,mae%[e4 ,!y consi/ ( a m\nd ( e>? heap$ ov] a rude build+1 sometimes ( "o ap>tm5t1 b frequ5tly ( sev]al1 ! entrance be+ a long1 l[1 n>r[ passage1 ?r\gh :i* x is necess>y to /oop or crawl 9 ord] to ga9 an entrance4 ,possibly ^? ,picts' h\ses 7 built at fir/ z h\ses to dwell 91 ?\gh lat] us$ z tombs4 ,x is n uncommon to-day to f9d build+s us$ = burial :i* 7 design$ = o!r purposes4 ,if ev] our race & all its records 7 to vani% z completely z ! primitive inhabitants ( ! ,orkney ,isl&s h done1 we c imag9e "s future explor] ( ! ru9s ( ,/4 ,magnus ,ca!dral writ+ a le>n$ treatise to prove t ! l>ge/ build+ 9 our isl&s 0 erect$ z a burial-place = our dead4 ,^? m\nd dwell+s1 or ,picts' h\ses1 may seem to u a v /range =m ( h\se to live 94 ,:]e c we f9d to-day h\ses ( su* a type1 & ) s v inconv5i5t a =m ( entrance8 ,! ,eskimos1 z travell]s tell u1 are 9 ! habit ( build+ j su* h\ses ) blocks ( sn[1 & !y f9d ?is ! be/ type 9 ! extreme cold ( _! ,arctic climate4 ,possibly ! ,picts' h\se type ( dwell+ 0 us$ 9 ,orkney & 9 o!r places = simil> reasons4 ,illu/ration3 ,poli%$ ,/one ,celts4 ,! bro*s1 or ,picti% t[]s1 z !y are also call$1 are build+s ( a diff]5t k9d1 :i* are also fairly common 9 ,orkney4 ,!y are probably ( lat] date ?an ! ,picts' h\ses4 ,consid]able skill1 z well z co-op]ation 9 lab\r1 mu/ h be5 requir$ = _! erection4 ,! mo/ complete bro* 9 exi/5ce is t ( ,m\sa 9 ,%etl&4 ,( ^? :i* are f\nd 9 ,orkney1 only ! l[] portions n[ rema94 ,ov] sev5ty su* ru9s h be5 exam9$1 ! be/ specim5s be+ 9 ,evie 7,burg>71 ,birsay 7,oxtro71 ,h>ray1 ,fir? 7,+a%[e & ,/irl+h[e71 ,/4 ,ola 7,bir/ane & ,l+ro71 ,/4 ,&rews 7,d+i%[e & ,langskaill71 ,burray 7,ea/ & ,we/ ,br\gh71 ,s\? ,ronaldsay 7,hoxa71 ,%ap9say 7,borr[/on71 & ,/ronsay 7,lamb ,head74 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ( ,*amb]$ ,m\nd1 ,wide=d ,hill4 b1 ,entrance4 c1 ,bl9d ,passage4 ,illu/ration3 ,*amb]$ ,m\nd1 ,wide=d ,hill4 ,section on l9e a1 a ( plan4 ,! typical bro* is a l>ge r\nd t[]1 fifty or sixty feet 9 diamet]1 & probably z mu* 9 height4 ,! wall is ab\t fifte5 feet ?ick1 & solid at ! base1 except = "s vault$ *amb]s :i* are made 9 x4 ,high]1 ! wall is holl[1 or r consi/s ( an out] & an inn] wall1 ) a space ( f\r or five feet betwe5 !m4 ,?is space is divid$ into a numb] ( /ories or gall]ies by horizontal c\rses ( long slabs ( /one1 :i* =m ! ro( ( "o /ory & ! floor ( t above x1 & at ! same "t b9d ! two walls firmly toge!r4 ,a /airway gives access to ! v>i\s /ories1 & light is admitt$ by small w9d[s op5+ into ! int]ior space ( ! t[]1 no w9d[s be+ made 9 ! out] wall4 ,a s+le door 9 ! l[] wall =ms ! only entrance to ! inn] c\rt ( ! bro*4 ,^! t[]s 7 probably con/ruct$ = ! purpose ( def5ce1 & aga9/ a primitive enemy !y w\ld s]ve z well z did ! ca/les ( a lat] age be=e ! inv5tion ( gunp[d]4 ,inde$1 we read ( ! bro* ( ,m\sa be+ actually us$ z a =t 9 ! "t ( ! ,norsem54 ,:o ! build]s ( ^! t[]s 7 we _c discov]4 ,!y are und\bt$ly v anci5t2 yet _! build]s & occupi]s 7 by no means savages4 ,f ! rema9s :i* h be5 f\nd 9 !m we le>n t !y 7 us$ by a p :o kept dome/ic animals1 :o cultivat$ ! gr\nd1 & :o c\ld sp9 & weave ! wool ( _! flocks into clo?4 ,no weapons ( ! ,/one ,age are f\nd 9 ! bro*s4 ,illu/ration3 ,bro* ( ,m\sa1 ,%etl&4 #a4 ,ext]ior4 #b4 ,section4 #c4 ,section ) inn] wall remov$4 ,x is c]ta9 t !y 7 built1 & t mo/ ( !m may h fall5 into ru9s1 long be=e ! ,norsem5 came4 ,_m ( ! places :]e !y /& 7 nam$ by ^? settl]s f ! bro* :i* 0 f\nd /&+ !re4 ,! words borg1 z 9 ,burg>1 & h[e 7haug71 z 9 ,hoxa 7,haug's ai?1 or i/hmus71 are f\nd 9 _m place-names4 ,x is c]ta91 too1 t ! bro*s 7 n !n occupi$1 or we %\ld h f\nd "s acc\nt ( _! siege & capture 9 ! ,sagas :i* tell ( ,norse pr[ess by l& & sea4 ,ano!r type ( anci5t rema9s :i* is common 9 our isl&s is ! /&+ /ones4 ,^! are f\nd 9 _m places1 ei!r s+ly or 9 gr\ps or circles4 ,reg>d+ ^! relics ( a di/ant pa/ mu* has be5 writt51 b little is kn[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,/one ,circle ( ,/5ness z n[ ,re/or$4 ,an upright /one is ! simple/ & mo/ effective =m ( monum5t1 & is t :i* we mo/ commonly use to ?is day to m>k ! re/+-places ( our dead4 ,to ! anci5t ,orcadian x 0 a matt] ( m difficulty to qu>ry & to transport & erect su* monum5ts1 & d\btless !y w\ld be set up only 9 memory ( "s great ev5t1 su* z a notable victory1 or ! fall ( a great *iefta94 ,! great /one circles1 su* z ^? ( ,/5ness & ( ,brog>1 are suppos$ to h s]v$ a diff]5t purpose4 ,!y are believ$ by _m to h be5 ! temples ( "s primitive p1 :o met !re to wor%ip _! gods4 ,x has also be5 suppos$ t ! p :o erect$ ^? circles 7 sun-wor%ipp]s1 z ! situation ( c]ta9 prom95t /ones seems to h be5 det]m9$ by ! position ( ! ris+ sun at midsumm]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fall5 ,cromle* or ,table ,/one1 ,s&wick4 ,b 9 ^! matt]s we _c be c]ta9 ( our conclusions4 ,mo/ ( our great *ur*es & ca!drals are plac$ ea/ & we/1 ) ! high alt> t[>ds ! ea/1 & ev5 ! graves 9 our *ur*y>ds are usually simil>ly ori5t$2 b ?is does n prove t we are sun-wor%ipp]s1 :atev] our =efa!rs may h be5 be=e !y accept$ ,*ri/ianity4 ,we may indulge 9 mu* speculation ab\t !m1 & =m our own op9ions z to :at !y orig9ally meant1 b ^? ho>y monoli?s rema9 a my/]y1 & ! purpose ( _! erection we c only guess4 ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,our ,,hi/ory4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ! anci5t _w "s vague & fragm5t>y ref]5ces are made to our isl&s1 b f ^! little real k ( !m c be ga!r$4 ,z e>ly z ! "t ( ,alex&] ! ,great we come ^u "s notices ( c]ta9 nor!rn isl&s1 :i* mu/ be ei!r ,orkney1 or ! ,hebrides1 or ,%etl&1 or ! ,f>oes1 b we _c det]m9e :i*4 ,! ,phnicians1 :o 7 ! great sea-trad]s & explor]s ( ! e>ly _w1 seem to h _h a little k ( ^! nor!rn ar*ipelagoes4 ,9 ! "t ( ! ,roman occupation ( ,brita9 we h def9ite m5tion ( ! ,orcades1 b no?+ :i* %[s any real k ( !m4 ,!y 7 visit$ by ! fleet ( ,agricola aft] 8 invasion ( ,scotl&1 z record$ by ,tacitus4 ,ab\t ?ree c5turies lat]1 ! poet ,claudian s+s ( a victory by ! ,emp]or ,!odosius1 :o1 we are told1 spr9kl$ ,orcadian soil ) ,saxon blood4 ,we are n told1 h[ev]1 :o ! p call$ ,saxons really 71 or :e!r !y 7 ! inhabitants ( ! isl&s or n4 ,!y may h be5 e>ly ,vik+ raid]s :o _h fl$ hi!r & be5 br\ght to bay among ! gr\p4 ,e>ly ,*ur* hi/ory has also "s ref]5ces to ,orkney4 ,aft] ,/4 ,columba _h left ! %ores ( ,irel& to c>ry ! message ( ,*ri/ianity to ! ,picts & ,scots 9 ,scotl&1 ano!r ,iri% mission>y1 ,cormac1 w5t on a simil> voyage among ! ,orkney ,isles4 ,him1 !re=e1 we may reg>d z ! apo/le to ! nor!rn hea!n4 ,/4 ,adamnan1 ! biograph] ( ,/4 ,columba1 tells ! /ory1 & ! "n ( ,adamnan himself is /ill commemorat$ 9 ! "n ( ! ,isle ( ,damsay4 ,aft] ! visit ( ,cormac1 ! ,culdee mission>ies e/abli%$ !mselves 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,orkney1 z ! place-names giv5 by ! ,norsem5 %[4 ,9 sev]al ( ^! names we f9d ! ^w ppa1 a =m ( pope1 :i* 0 ! "n appli$ to ! monks or cl]gy ( ! ,culdee ,*ur*4 ,l ,columba himself1 :o made ! little isl& ( ,iona 8 headqu>t]s1 8 foll[]s seem to h pref]r$ ! seclusion ( ! small] isl&s4 ,to ?is habit are due su* names z ,papa ,we/ray & ,papa ,/ronsay4 ,o!r ,*ur* settlem5ts h left _! traces 9 names su* z ,paplay & ,papdale4 ,ano!r place-"n :i* records an old-_w mission /ation is t ( ,de]ness4 ,at fir/ sight ?is "n seems r to indicate t abundance ( de] 7 f\nd !re2 & "s writ]s tell u1 by way ( prov+ ?is1 t de]'s horns h be5 f\nd 9 t p>i%4 ,b z de]'s horns h also be5 f\nd 9 _m o!r places 9 ! c\nty1 ! pro( is n conv9c+4 ,we mu/ rememb] t ! ,norse invad]s 7 likely to "n ! place on acc\nt ( its appe>ance f ! sea4 ,!y may1 ( c\rse1 h notic$ a *ance h]d ( de] ne> ! cliffs2 b "o ?+ is c]ta9 to h caught _! eye--! unusual sight ( a build+ ( /one on ! ,br\gh ( ,de]ness4 ,"s rema9s ( ?is build+1 & ( a lat] "o on ! same site1 /ill exi/2 & x 0 long reg>d$ z 9 "s way a sacr$ place1 to :i* pilgrimages 7 made4 ,?is build+ 0 9 fact "o ( ^? outpo/s ( e>ly ,*ri/ianity--a ,culdee mona/]y4 ,:5 ! ,norse invad]s came1 !y d\btless f\nd x occupi$ by "s ( ! ,culdee cl]gy--di>1 z !y w\ld be call$ by ! /rang]s--& s ! headl& 0 nam$ ! ,prie/s' ,cape1 or ,de]ness4 ,x is q possible t de] exi/$ 9 ,orkney d[n to ! ,norse p]iod1 b !y 7 mu* m likely to be f\nd 9 ! hilly regions ( ! we/ ,ma9l&1 :i* 0 ! e>ls' hunt+-gr\nd4 ,we read ( an ,e>l ( ,orkney go+ ov] to ,cai?ness = ! *ase ( ! de]1 :i* seems to sugge/ t !y 7 !n sc>ce1 if n ext9ct1 9 ,orkney4 ,among ! rema9s ( ! ,culdee settlem5ts :i* are /ill f\nd are monum5tal /ones ) ,*ri/ian emblems inscrib$ on !m1 or ) ,iri% ,ogham writ+1 & anci5t bells1 probably us$ 9 ! *ur*es4 ,! curi\s r\nd t[] :i* =ms "p ( ! old *ur* ( ,/4 ,magnus 9 ,egilsay is ( a type common only 9 ,irel&4 ,! "n ( t isl& is probably d]iv$ f an e>li] *ur* :i* ! ,norsem5 f\nd !re1 & he>d call$ by its ,celtic "n1 ecclais4 ,x has be5 suppos$ by "s t ! "n ,egilsay means ,egil's ,isl&1 s call$ aft] "s man nam$ ,egil2 b ! probability is t x meant ! ,*ur* ,isl&4 ,all t we c le>n1 !n1 f ! anci5t relics ( its fir/ inhabitants1 & f ! brief ref]5ces to ! isl&s by old hi/orians1 am\nts to v little4 ,we "k t ,orkney 0 ?ickly inhabit$ by "s anci5t p1 liv+ at fir/ ! primitive life :i* is indicat$ by ! use ( /one implem5ts4 ,we may suppose t !y _h at "o "t a religion 9 "s way connect$ ) sun-wor%ip4 ,we "k t !y built e>?-h\ses some:at l ! sn[-h\ses ( ! ,eskimos1 _m ( :i* /ill rema91 & t1 9 "s cases at lea/1 ^! h be5 us$ z places ( burial by lat] inhabitants4 ,we "k t at "o p]iod /rong circul> t[]s 7 built1 probably z =tresses1 by a p ( "s degree ( civilization4 ,we "k t 9 ! "t ( ,/4 ,columba ,*ri/ian mission>ies or monks visit$ ! isl&s1 ^: inhabitants 7 !n probably ( ! race kn[n z ,picts1 & ^: *iefs are said to h be5 subject to ! ,picti% k+ ( ,nor!rn ,scotl&4 ,"s at lea/ ( ^? ,culdees we may suppose to h be5 h]mits r ?an mission>ies1 al?\gh !y may h comb9$ ! two *>act]s4 ,h[ _m c5turies ( "t are cov]$ by ^! facts & suppositions we d n "k1 b !y sum up all t c be said ) c]ta9ty reg>d+ ,orkney be=e ! com+ ( ! ,norsem54 ,!re is "o v curi\s fact ab\t ! beg9n+s ( ! ,norse records3 !y make no m5tion :atev] ( any inhabitants be+ f\nd 9 ! isl&s4 ,! place-names af=d evid5ce1 z we h se51 ( ! pres5ce ( ,culdee monks1 b ( o!r population !re is no trace4 ,! new-com]s seem to h settl$ z 9 an un9habit$ l&1 ea* ,vik+ select+ & occupy+ 8 l& )\t let or h9drance4 ,if !re _h be5 a native population1 & if ^! _h be5 ei!r expell$ or ext]m9at$ by ! invad]s1 we %\ld surely h be5 told ( x by ! ,saga writ]s1 :o w\ld h delight$ 9 tell+ su* a tale4 ,x has accord+ly be5 suppos$ t at ! "t ( ! ,norse settlem5t ! isl&s 7 un9habit$ save by ! h]mits ( ! ,culdee ,*ur*4 ,:5 or h[ ! =m] ,picti% inhabitants disappe>$ x is impossible to say4 ,possibly "s e>ly ,vik+ raids1 ( :i* no hi/ory rema9s1 _h result$ 9 ! slaught] ( _m & ! flight ( ! re/ to ! less expos$ l&s s\? ( ! ,pictl& or ,p5tl& ,fir?4 ,:atev] ! reason may be1 ! *apt] ( our ,isl& hi/ory :i* op5s ) ! ,norse settlem5t is 9 no way a cont9uation ( any?+ :i* goes be=e1 b beg9s a new /ory4 ,illu/ration3 ,c>v$ ,/one ,balls4 ,,! ,,norsem5 ,,& ,,_! ,,sagas4 ,x is late 9 ! eigh? c5tury be=e ! ,nor?man or ,norseman appe>s on ! /age ( hi/ory4 ,f ! day :5 ,cs>'s victori\s legions br\ght ! ,gauls1 ! ,g]mans1 & ! ,britons "u ! sway ( ! imp]ial city1 ^! nations ( ,we/]n ,europe are nev] aga9 entirely lo/ to hi/ory4 ,b ,sc&9avia & ! c\ntries r\nd ! ,baltic rema9$ unkn[n to ,rome & to ! _w = long c5turies aft]w>ds4 8,!re nature ends10 "o ( ! ,roman writ]s has said1 :5 speak+ ( ^! nor!rn l&s4 ,?is brief yet expressive s5t5ce well indicates h[ completely outside ! ,roman _w lay ! c\ntries :i* 7 ! cradle ( our race4 ,!re is ano!r side to all ?is1 :i* we f9d x difficult to picture cle>ly 9 our m9ds4 ,to ! inhabitants ( ,sc&9avia & ! l&s r\nd ! ,baltic1 ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,europe 7 equally unkn[n4 ,we f9d 9 a ,sc&9avian writ] ( ! n9? c5tury a description ( an exp$ition :i* 0 made by "o ( ! ,vik+ *iefs to ?is unkn[n _w4 ,9 ! c\rse ( 8 travels he came ^u a city :i* to ! ,norseman seem$ my/]i\s & dread--a city ( ,niflheim1 ! "u-_w4 ,?is city1 z we le>n f contempor>y ,we/]n writ]s1 mu/ h be5 ,p>is4 ,p>is1 n[ ! gay capital ( ,europe1 & ev5 !n a city ( importance & ( fame1 0 s unkn[n to ! ,norsem5 ( ! e>ly n9? c5tury t x 0 deem$ a "p ( ,niflheim1 ! "u-_w6 ,dur+ ! p]iod :5 ! nor!rn nations 7 hidd5 f ! eye ( hi/ory1 _m *anges mu/ h be5 go+ on among !m4 ,! build+ & managem5t ( %ips c\ld n h be5 le>n$ 9 a day1 & ev5 :5 we fir/ cat* sight ( ! ,norsem5 !y 7 ! f9e/ & mo/ d>+ seam5 9 ! _w1 & _! %ips probably ! mo/ p]fect hi!rto se54 ,_m voyages among _! own isl&s & 9 ! ,baltic mu/ h prec$$ ! long] voyages to ,brita91 to ,icel&1 to ,gre5l&1 & to ,am]ica4 ,num]\s w>s !re mu/ h be51 q unkn[n to hi/ory1 be=e ! nor!rn w>rior became ! t]rible fight] ( ! ,vik+ ,age4 ,we c imag9e ! delight$ wond] ) :i* ! nor!rn w>riors fir/ gaz$ ^u ! ri* & f]tile %ores ( ,s\?-,we/]n ,europe4 ,we c imag9e h[ !y contra/$ ! fair fields & great cities ( ! s\? ) ! bleak & /]ile %ores ( ! nor? f :i* !y came4 ,:at motives fir/ l$ to _! leav+ _! native %ores x is difficult to say4 ,?ir/ = adv5ture1 ! p9* ( pov]ty at home1 ! desire ( possess+ gold & treasure1 all conspir$ to make !m seek _! =tunes 9 ! wide & unkn[n l&s :i* lay beyond ! sea4 ,:5 ! fir/ adv5tur]s br\ght home acc\nts ( ! l&s :i* !y _h se5--! fruitful fields1 ! great cities1 ! ri* m]*&ise1 & ! yell[ gold--great numb]s ( _! fell[-c\ntrym5 w\ld be seiz$ ) a long+ to visit ^? wond]ful %ores :]e weal? 0 to be _h = ! tak+4 ,! rov+ _s once r\s$ spread rapidly ov] ! nor!rn l&s4 ,! /orm ( ,vik+ fury bur/ on ! l&s ( ,we/]n ,europe almo/ )\t w>n+4 ,9 ! ,anglo-,saxon ,*ronicle1 "u ! date ,a4,d4 #ghg1 we read3 8,9 ?is ye> ,k+ ,beorhtric took ,eadburh1 ,k+ ,(fa's daught]1 to wife4 ,& 9 8 days fir/ came ?ree %ips ( ,nor?m5 f ,ha]e?al&1 & ! reeve rode d[n to !m & w\ld drive !m to ! k+'s vill1 = he knew n :at m5 !y 71 & !y !re slew him4 ,^! 7 ! fir/ %ips ( ,dani% m5 t s\ght ! l& ( ! ,engli%40 ,?us we read ( ! fir/ mutt]+s ( ! /orm :i* 0 s soon to bur/ on ! coa/s ( ,we/]n ,europe4 ,dur+ ! succe$+ two c5turies & a half ! ,engli% le>n$ to "k well :at m5 ^! 7 :o came out ( ! wild nor?-ea/4 ,! monks' litany1 8,f ! fury ( ! ,nor?m5 deliv] u1 ,o ,"l60 tells u :at !y ?\ght ( !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,,exp$itions ,,& ,,settlem5ts ,,( ,,! ,,norsem5 ,we c trace two di/9ct roads :i* ! ,vik+ raids foll[$4 ,"o1 trav]s$ *iefly by ! ,danes1 l$ along ! %ores ( ,nor!rn ,europe to ,engl&1 ! ,engli% ,*annel1 ,france1 ,spa91 & ! ,m$it]ranean2 ! o!r1 trav]s$ *iefly by ! ,norsem51 l$ /raight across ! ,nor? ,sea to ! ,orkneys1 !nce along ! we/ coa/ ( ,scotl&1 to ,irel& & ! we/ ( ,engl&4 ,! isl&s ly+ (f ! coa/s ( ,scotl&1 ,engl&1 ,irel&1 & ,france 7 seiz$ by ! invad]s1 & f ^! z bases _! raids ext5d$ f> & wide4 ,mona/]ies felt ! utmo/ fury ( _! attacks1 = !re !y knew !y w\ld f9d abundance ( spoil4 ,at fir/ ! invad]s conf9$ !mselves to plund]+ exp$itions4 ,! ,norsem5 e>ly turn$ _! att5tion to settlem5t & comm]ce2 ! ,danes1 on ! o!r h&1 rema9$ = a long] p]iod int5t on plund] alone4 ,civil w>s 9 ,we/]n ,europe _h r5d]$ ! nations !re incapable ( effective resi/ance to ! ru?less invad]s4 ,! ,vik+s desc5d$ n[ at "o po9t1 n[ at ano!r4 ,:5 !y met ) a m /ubborn resi/ance ?an usual1 !y m]ely retir$ to _! %ips ) :atev] plund] !y _h seiz$1 & sail$ away to make an attack some:]e else4 ,!y w9t]$ on ! isl&s :i* !y _h seiz$1 & z soon z spr+ 0 come !y desc5d$ once m on ! devot$ l&s4 ,irel& suff]$ sev]ely at _! h&s4 ,! ,orkneys & ! ,hebrides became ne/s ( ,vik+s2 9 fact1 colonies ( !m mu/ h be5 e/abli%$ !re at a v e>ly date4 ,9 ^! isl&s !y 7 safe f all int]f]5ce--a law to !mselves2 = z yet !re 0 no arm 9 ,europe long en\gh & /rong en\gh to rea* !m4 ,n[h]e c\ld a m conv5i5t base h be5 f\nd = ,vik+ raids on ! ,briti% & ,iri% %ores4 ,! fir/ half-c5tury ( ! ,vik+ ,age saw ! ,danes settl$ m]ely 9 outly+ p>ts ( ! ea/ coa/ ( ,engl&4 ,! ,norsem51 on ! o!r h&1 _h already seiz$ on ,orkney1 ,%etl&1 ! ,hebrides1 & l>ge tracts ( ,ea/]n ,irel&4 ,! fir/ fifty ye>s ( ! ,vik+ ,age may be call$ ! fir/ p]iod ( ,norse colonization 9 ! we/4 ,x w\ld be a great mi/ake1 h[ev]1 to suppose t ! ,norsem5 7 m]ely turbul5t sea-robb]s1 or t ! only result ( _! migrations 0 to h9d] ! progress ( civilization 9 ,we/]n ,europe4 ,z settl]s 9 o!r c\ntries1 !y br\ght new /r5g? & vitality to ! l& ( _! adoption2 b in/ead ( rema9+ sep>ate colonies1 !y 7 soon absorb$ into ! native population1 & _h no fur!r hi/ory ( _! own4 ,yet !re 7 two great settlem5ts abroad :i* left a deep m>k on ,european hi/ory4 ,! "o 0 ! colonization ( ! nor? ( ,france1 aft]w>ds call$ ,norm&y4 ,!re ! ,norsem5 soon adopt$ ! language & ! religion ( ! c\ntry1 b reta9$ s mu* ( _! native *>act]i/ics t ! subsequ5t ,norman ,conque/ ( ,engl& may be reg>d$ z really a ,norse inroad ( a specially successful type4 ,! o!r settlem5t 0 t 9 ! s\? ( ,italy & ,sicily1 lat] kn[n z ! k+dom ( ! ,two ,sicilies1 :i* occupi$ an important place 9 hi/ory dur+ ! ,middle ,ages4 ,ev5 ! ,briti% settlem5ts = ! mo/ "p _h only a brief p]iod ( sep>ate hi/ory1 & soon became m]g$ into ! g5]al /ream ( national life4 ,9 ,orkney & ,%etl&1 h[ev]1 :]e !re 0 probably no native population at ! "t ( ! ,norse invasion1 ! colony develop$ along its own special l9es1 & has left beh9d x a hi/ory :i* = c5turies rema9$ di/9ct f t ( ! re/ ( ,great ,brita94 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,orkney ,isl&s dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,norse occupation is pres]v$ = u 9 ! ,icel&ic ,sagas4 ,icel& 0 "o ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ important ,norse colonies1 & !re ! old ,nor!rn language 0 pres]v$ bett] ?an any:]e else4 ,! ,sagas are /ories :i*1 9 ! times ( long ago1 7 told ar\nd ! fires 9 ,icel& & o!r ,norse colonies to :ile away ! long w9t] ev5+s4 ,at fe/ivals & m]ry-mak+s1 dur+ long voyages1 or by ! w9t] fireside1 ! ,norseman li/5$ eag]ly to ! recital ( de$s done by 8 k9sm5 9 o!r times & 9 o!r l&s4 ,/orytell+ 0 a popul> pa/ime1 & ! man :o knew _m ,sagas 0 ev] a welcome gue/4 ,_m ( ! ,sagas h n[ be5 translat$ into ,engli%1 & all ( ^! are well wor? read+4 ,! greate/ ( all ! ,sagas is g5]ally ?\ght to be ! ,saga ( ,burnt ,njal4 ,x is "o ( ! noble/ /ories to be f\nd 9 any language1 & x is besides nobly told4 ,9 ?is ,saga we f9d ! be/ acc\nt ( ! great battle ( ,clont>f4 ,among ! o!r great ,sagas are ! ,saga ( ! ,settl]s on ! ,ayre1 ! ,saga ( ,laxdale1 ! ,saga ( ,egil ! son ( ,skallagrim1 ! ,saga ( ,grettir ! ,/rong1 & ! ,saga ( ! ,volsungs4 ,! two la/ are my?ical ,sagas2 !y d n tell ( real hi/orical p]sonages1 b are p>aphrases ( old songs & leg5ds :i* h come d[n f a m di/ant pa/4 ,! ,anglo-,saxon ,saga ( ,be[ulf tells "s ( ! same /ories1 & is n a real ,saga 9 ! s5se ( a true /ory told by ! fireside4 ,! /ories ( ! e>ls & *iefs ( ,orkney =m "p ( ! great /ore ( ,saga lit]ature1 & ^! h come d[n to u 9 ! =m ( ! 8,orkney+a ,saga40 ,x mu/ be rememb]$1 h[ev]1 t ?is is m]ely ! summ>y ( a great numb] ( /ories :i* _h be5 told long be=e by m5 :o _h no d\bt tak5 "p 9 ! ev5ts relat$4 ,x 0 a ,saga-man's pride to tell ! tru?--at lea/ z x 0 told to him--& s we may 9 ! ma9 rely on ! ,orkney ,saga z a true acc\nt ( ev5ts :i* happ5$1 al?\gh sometimes x may be exce$+ly difficult to assign ! correct dates4 ,! ,orkney ,saga is n usually reckon$ among ! great ,sagas4 ,x p>takes m ( ! nature ( a g5]al hi/ory ?an ( a s+le & complete /ory4 ,?is ,saga is ! *ief s\rce ( our k ( ! hi/ory ( our isl&s dur+ ,norse times4 ,! ,orkney ,saga consi/s ( sev]al p>ts1 ea* ( :i* might be call$ a sep>ate ,saga--! ,e>ls' ,saga1 ,magnus's ,saga1 & ,rognvald's ,saga4 ,! fir/ relates ! hi/ory ( ,orkney f its conque/ by ,k+ ,h>ald ,fairhair ( ,norway d[n to ! dea? ( ,e>l ,?orf9n1 ab\t ! "t ( ! ,norman ,conque/ ( ,engl&4 ,! second relates ! lives ( ,?orf9n's sons1 ,paul & ,erl5d1 b m especially ( ! holy ,e>l ,magnus1 ( 8 murd]1 & ( ! wond]ful ?+s t happ5$ aft]w>ds ?r\gh 8 hol9ess4 ,! ?ird "p tells ( ! e>ls aft] ,/4 ,magnus1 *iefly ,e>l ,rognvald ! ,second1 & ! great ,vik+1 ,sweyn ,asleifson ( ,gairsay1 g5]ally kn[n z 8! la/ ( ! ,vik+s40 ,! :ole hi/ory giv5 9 ! ,orkney ,saga includes ! ev5ts ( ! ?ree c5turies f #ijj to #abjj4 ,9 addition to :at we le>n f ! ,orkney ,saga1 we glean a few facts ab\t ! hi/ory ( our isl&s f o!r ,sagas1 su* z ! ,sagas ( ! ,k+s ( ,norway1 usually call$ ! 8,heimskr+la40 ,!re are also _m ,norse poems :i* s*ol>s say mu/ h be5 writt5 9 ,orkney1 or 9 "s o!r ( ! we/]n ,norse colonies1 & f ^! we c le>n mu* ab\t ! life ( ! p1 _! ?\ghts1 & _! beliefs1 ?\gh v little ab\t ! actual hi/ory ( ! isl&s4 ,we d n "k :o 7 ! au?ors ( ^! poems1 b "s ( !m 7 really great poets1 great]1 p]haps1 ?an any !n liv+ 9 any o!r "p ( ,europe4 ,f9ally1 !re are occasional glimpses ( our ,norse ance/ors to be caught 9 ! pages ( ! *ronicles & hi/ories ( ! nations4 ,un=tunately1 ^! ref]5ces are s (t5 di/ort$ by fe> or hatr$1 or s confus$ ?r\gh scanty & imp]fect k1 t !y add v little to :at we already "k f ,norse records4 ,"o good purpose1 inde$1 !y s]ve3 !y %[ t ! ,saga-m5 7 9 ! ma9 tru?-tell]s1 s t we c place reliance on _! /ories1 ev5 :]e ^! are n f\nd 9 ! records ( o!r nations4 ,! ,saga-m5 also fill up _m gaps 9 ! hi/ory ( ^? c\ntries :i* ! ,norsem5 visit$1 & ?us !y r5d] our k ( ! ,vik+ ,age m complete1 m detail$1 & m accurate1 ev5 z reg>ds c\ntries :i* 7 to !m =eign l&s4 ,illu/ration3 ,anci5t ,bronze ,spe>-head2 ,horn ,m\nt+ /ill pres]v$4 ,,! ,,beg9n+ ,,( ,,! ,,e>ldom4 ,be=e our /ory beg9s1 ,norway 0 divid$ into a numb] ( small k+doms4 ,ab\t ! ye> #hij ,a4,d4 a k+ call$ ,h>ald1 :o rul$ ov] "o ( ^! small k+doms1 resolv$ to make himself ma/] ( all ,norway4 ,he made a v[ t he w\ld n cut 8 hair until he 0 ackn[l$g$ k+ ?r\gh\t ! :ole c\ntry4 ,?is ambiti\s aim took "s "t to accompli%1 & z ! ye>s pass$ 8 ?ick locks grew long & %aggy4 ,?us he got ! "n ( ,h>ald ,%ockhead4 ,"o aft] ano!r1 h[ev]1 he subdu$ ! small] k+doms1 compell+ ! e>ls & *iefs to ackn[l$ge him z _! k+1 or to leave ! c\ntry4 ,!n began :at may be call$ ! second p]iod ( ,norse colonization 9 ! we/4 ,_m ( ! pr\de/ & bolde/ ( ! ,norsem51 deem+ x a disgrace to s]ve a k+ :o 0 at be/ only _! equal1 pref]r$ to tru/ !mselves & all _! belong+s to ! ocean1 & take :atev] =tune might await !m4 ,^? nobles :o fl$ f ,norway1 reg>d+ ,h>ald z _! enemy1 soon began to spread t]ror along ! %ores ( ,norway itself1 return+ to plund]1 & slay1 & burn1 z _! fell[-c\ntrym5 _h s (t5 done 9 ! we/4 ,_! *ief haunts 7 among ! ,orkneys & ! ,hebrides4 ,?i!r !y betook !mselves ) _! booty :5 w9t] came on4 ,!re !y liv$ & fea/$ all ?r\gh ! w9t]1 & :5 spr+ came !y desc5d$ once m on ! coa/s ( ,norway4 ,irel& & ! we/ coa/ ( ,engl& also suff]$ f ^! raid]s1 & 9 ,france a det]m9$ ef=t to conqu] ! c\ntry 0 at ?is "t made by ! ,norsem54 ,hrolf or ,rollo1 ! ,norseman1 became ma/] ( ! nor? ( ,france1 & gave to x a new "n--,norm&y1 ! l& ( ! ,normans or ,norsem54 ,! la/ great ef=t made by ^! ,norse nobles to break ! p[] ( ,k+ ,h>ald 0 foil$ by _! defeat at ,hafursfri?4 ,a great league _h be5 =m$ aga9/ ,h>ald4 ,vik+s f ov] ! sea cr[d$ back to ,norway to av5ge _! own injuries & to help _! k9sm54 ,! two fleets met at ,hafursfri? 9 ! s\? ( ,norway1 & a long & /ubborn battle end$ 9 victory = ,h>ald4 ,?is battle _h f>-rea*+ results4 ,x 0 ! end ( ! /ruggle = indep5d5ce 9 ,norway4 ,h>ald 0 !n left free to turn 8 att5tion to ! *a/isem5t ( ! ,vik+s 9 ! we/4 ,! result 0 ! f\ndation ( ! ,norse ,empire 9 ! we/1 & ! colonization ( ,icel& & ,gre5l& by ^? ,norsem5 :o /ill scorn$ to own ! sway ( ! ,norwegian k+4 ,) a l>ge & spl5didly equipp$ fleet1 ,h>ald swoop$ d[n on ! ,vik+s 9 ,orkney & ! ,hebrides4 ,_! resi/ance 0 feeble en\gh4 ,"s yield$ !mselves to ! k+2 o!rs fl$ be=e him4 ,n[h]e 0 !re any?+ l a pit*$ battle4 ,z f> s\? z ! ,isle ( ,man1 ,h>ald pursu$ 8 c>e] ( conque/4 ,turn+ nor? once m1 he e/abli%$ ,norse j>ldoms or e>ldoms 9 ,orkney & ! ,hebrides1 to be subject h5ce=? to ! ,norwegian cr[n4 ,!n1 consid]+ t 8 v[ 0 fulfill$1 ,h>ald at la/ _h 8 long hair cut1 & 0 aft]w>ds kn[n z ,h>ald ,fairhair4 ,"o ( ,h>ald's *ief fri5ds & support]s 0 ,rognvald1 ,e>l ( ,mo]i & ,romsdal1 :o 0 call$ by ! m5 ( 8 "t1 8,! mighty & wise 9 c\ncil40 ,?is ,rognvald 0 ! fa!r ( ,rollo ( ,norm&y4 ,he _h o!r sons nam$ ,iv>1 ,?orir1 ,rollaug1 ,hallad1 & ,e9>1 & he _h a bro!r call$ ,sigurd4 ,! family makes a v l>ge figure 9 ! hi/ory ( ^? times4 ,9 "o ( ,h>ald's battles 9 ! we/ fell ,iv>1 ,rognvald's son4 ,h>ald assign$ to ,rognvald ! newly creat$ ,j>ldom ( ,orkney 9 ord] to comp5sate him 9 "s measure = ! loss ( 8 son4 ,b ,rognvald _h already l>ge e/ates 9 ,norway4 ,he ?\ght t ^! 7 q en\gh = "o man to gov]n4 ,accord+ly he h&$ ov] ! ,orkneys to 8 bro!r ,sigurd1 :o ?us became ! fir/ ,j>l or ,e>l4 ,sigurd1 ! fir/ ,e>l ( ,orkney1 sometimes call$ ,sigurd ! ,mighty1 0 a /rong & en]getic rul]4 ,:5 ,k+ ,h>ald dep>t$ = ,norway1 ! e>l at once began to /r5g!n himself 9 8 new dom9ions4 ,he fir/ alli$ himself ) ,?or/e9 ! ,r$1 son ( ! ,norse k+ ( ,dubl91 & ) ! ,norsem5 9 ! ,hebrides1 & !n invad$ ,scotl& 9 an attempt to add to 8 e>ldom ,cai?ness & ,su!rl&4 ,! ,scots naturally (f]$ a det]m9$ resi/ance4 ,_! lead] 0 ,maelbride or ,melbrigda--call$ ,melbrigda ,tusk because he _h a l>ge project+ too?--,e>l or ,maormor ( ,ross4 ,aft] ! w> _h la/$ = "s "t1 ! two e>ls agre$ to meet & settle _! qu>rel1 ea* tak+ =ty m5 ) him4 ,on ! day fix$ = ! meet+1 ,sigurd1 suspect+1 z he said1 ! good fai? ( ! ,scots1 m\nt$ two m5 on ea* ( 8 =ty horses1 & came ?us to ! place appo9t$4 ,z soon z ! ,norsem5 appe>$ 9 sight1 ,melbrigda saw t he _h be5 trapp$1 & turn+ to 8 m51 said1 8,we h be5 betray$ by ,sigurd1 = ,i see two feet on ea* horse's side4 ,! m5 mu/ !re=e be twice z num]\s z ! horses t be> !m4 ,nev]!less let u h>d5 our he>ts & sell our lives z de>ly z we c40 ,see+ ! ,scots prep>$ to die h>d 9 ! place :]e !y 71 ,sigurd divid$ 8 =ce & attack$ !m at once 9 front & 9 flank4 ,! battle 0 fi]ce & bloody1 b x end$ 9 ! total ext]m9ation ( ! small b& ( ,scots4 ,sigurd1 exult+ ov] 8 fall5 foe1 cut (f ,melbrigda's head & fix$ x to 8 saddle4 ,on 8 way home1 9 spurr+ 8 horse 8 leg /ruck aga9/ ! great project+ too? :i* _h giv5 ,melbrigda 8 nickname1 & ! too? pi]c$ 8 leg4 ,blood-poison+ foll[$1 & a few days lat] ,e>l ,sigurd di$ 9 great pa9 on ! banks ( ! ,dorno* ,fir?4 ,he 0 buri$ at a place n[ call$ ,cyd] ,hall 7,sigurd's ,h[e71 ne> ,skibo ,ca/le4 ,sigurd 0 succe$$ 9 ! e>ldom by 8 son ,guttorm4 ,guttorm rul$ ! isl&s = "o %ort & unev5tful w9t]1 & !n di$ *ildless4 ,= "s "t ! e>ldom 0 )\t a rul]4 ,vik+s once m began to make ! ,orkneys _! headqu>t]s1 & to h>ass ! m peaceful inhabitants ( ! isl&s4 ,:5 ,k+ ,h>ald he>d t ! ,orkneys 7 )\t a rul]1 he ask$ ,e>l ,rognvald to make ha/e to s5d !m ano!r e>l4 ,rognvald !n _h ! title ( ,e>l ( ,orkney conf]r$ on 8 son ,hallad1 :o sail$ = ! we/ z ! ?ird e>l4 ,b ,hallad 0 weak & indol5t4 ,! we/]n e>ldom 0 too turbul5t & difficult to gov]n4 ,he soon we>i$ ( 8 dignity1 & at la/1 des]t+ 8 e>ldom1 w5t back to ,norway4 ,aft] 8 ignom9i\s )drawal f ! e>ldom1 ! isl&s came "u ! rule ( two ,dani% ,vik+s4 ,al?\gh ,hallad pref]r$ a simple f>m]'s life to an e>l's dignity1 !re 7 o!rs ( ,rognvald's sons :o 7 m ambiti\s4 ,e9> especially 0 eag] to r$eem ! family hon\r by ! expulsion ( ! ,vik+s f ! isl&s4 ,accord+ly ,e9> 0 *os5 z ,e>l ( ,orkney1 & aft] ,k+ ,h>ald _h conf]r$ on him ! title1 he set out = 8 e>ldom4 ,! old ,e>l ( ,mo]i _h nev] reg>d$ 8 y\nge/ son ) mu* fav\r1 &1 to tell ! tru?1 nei!r desir$ to see ! o!r's face aga94 ,e9> 0 ! be/ & greate/ ( ! e>ly ,norse e>ls4 ,9 appe>ance he 0 tall & manly2 8 face 0 some:at disfigur$ by ! loss ( an eye1 b 9 spite ( ?is he 0 reput$ to be v %>p-sight$4 ,8 fa!r _h prophesi$ t ,e9> w\ld nev] become a great *ief2 yet he became ! mo/ fam\s ( all ,e>l ,rognvald's sons1 ) ! exception ( ,rollo ( ,norm&y4 ,! e>ldom 0 9 a /ate ( great disord] :5 ,e9> arriv$4 ,! ,vik+s _h to be expell$1 ! gov]nm5t _h to be settl$ & e/abli%$1 & ! p _h to le>n to tru/ & obey _! new e>l4 ,all ^! ?+s 7 accompli%$ 9 a m>vell\sly %ort space ( "t4 ,! new e>l also taught 8 p _m useful arts4 ,wood 0 sc>ce3 ,e9> knew t ! p ( ,scotl& us$ peat = fuel1 & he taught ! ,norsem5 9 ! isl&s to d ! same4 ,f ?is he got ! "n ( ,torf-,e9>4 ,soon a s]i\s tr\ble arose4 ,k+ ,h>ald's sons _h n[ gr[n up to be v turbul5t & ov]be>+ m54 ,!y qu>rell$ ) _! fa!r's *iefs & e>ls4 ,two ( !m1 ,halfdan ,highleg & ,gudrod ,bright1 attack$ & slew ,rognvald1 ,e>l ( ,mo]i4 ,h>ald 0 enrag$ t 8 sons %\ld ?us murd] 8 be/ & mo/ fai?ful c\nsellor & fri5d4 ,he m>*$ aga9/ !m ) an army1 & ord]$ !m to be seiz$ & br\ght be=e him4 ,gudrod gave himself up to 8 fa!r1 b ,halfdan seiz$ a %ip & sail$ we/ to ! ,orkneys4 ,halfdan's sudd5 arrival 9 ! e>ldom caus$ panic = a "t4 ,e9> 0 q unprep>$ = an invasion4 ,he accord+ly ?\ght x wis] to escape to ,cai?ness until he _h "t to collect 8 =ces4 ,9 ! meantime ,halfdan seiz$ ! gov]nm5t ( ! isles1 tak+ ! title ( ,k+ ( ,orkney & ,%etl&4 ,! same summ] saw ,e9> back 9 ! ,orkneys ) a fleet & an army to rega9 8 e>ldom4 ,! two fleets met some:]e (f ! isl& ( ,s&ay4 ,a fi]ce battle took place1 & ,halfdan's =ce 0 practically annihilat$4 ,9 ! dusk ( ! ev5+ he himself leap$ ov]bo>d & escap$4 ,next morn+ ! %ores 7 se>*$ = fugitives4 ,all :o 7 f\nd 7 sla91 b ,halfdan himself _h disappe>$4 ,:ile ! se>* 0 /ill proce$+1 ,e9> 0 obs]v$ to /op sudd5ly & gaze across ! sea t[>ds ! isl& ( ,nor? ,ronaldsay1 or ,r9ansey1 z x 0 !n call$4 8,:at see'/ ?\1 j>l80 ask$ "o ( 8 companions4 8,i "k n :at x is10 0 ! reply4 8,sometimes x appe>s to rise up1 & sometimes to lie d[n4 ,x is ei!r a bird 9 ! air or a man on ! rocks1 & ,i w f9d out40 ,?is object :i* ! e>l saw 0 ,halfdan1 :o _h probably j dragg$ 8 we>y limbs f ! wat]1 & 0 n[ /ruggl+ up ov] ! rocks to ! l&4 ,! e>l's m5 pursu$ & captur$ him4 ,he 0 at once br\ght be=e ! e>l1 :o ord]$ him to be sla91 to av5ge 8 fa!r's murd]1 & z a sacrifice to ,od9 = ! victory4 ,angry z ,k+ ,h>ald _h be5 because ( ! murd] ( ,e>l ,rognvald1 ! dea? ( 8 son at ! h&s ( ,rognvald's son 0 n likely to be v agreeable to him4 ,h>ald !re=e det]m9$ to make a second exp$ition to ! we/4 ,:5 ,e9> he>d ( ,h>ald's int5d$ visit to ! ,orkneys1 he ?\ght t he w\ld be saf] out ( ! k+'s way1 & accord+ly he cross$ ! ,p5tl& ,fir?4 ,mess5g]s w5t backw>ds & =w>ds betwe5 ! k+ & ! e>l = a :ile1 arrang+ t]ms ( settlem5t4 ,at l5g? ! k+ dem&$ t ! e>ldom %\ld pay a f9e ( sixty m>ks4 ,to t ,e9> agre$1 & ,k+ ,h>ald ,fairhair bade f>ewell to 8 we/]n dom9ions = ev]4 ,x 0 no easy matt] = ! ,orkneym5 to raise ! sixty m>ks1 & ! e>l call$ a ,?+ or c\ncil to discuss ! matt]4 ,at l5g? ! e>l (f]$ to pay ! :ole f9e himself1 on condition t all ! freehold or udal l&s ( ! ,orkneym5 7 h&$ ov] to him 9 pl$ge = ! am\nt t ea* _h to pay1 & to ?is ! isl&]s agre$4 ,9 ?is way ! e>l came into possession ( all ! udal l&s 9 ! ,orkneys2 & x 0 n till ! "t ( ,e>l ,sigurd ! ,/\t1 a c5tury lat]1 t ! udal rights 7 re/or$ to ! ,orkneym54 ,e>l ,e9> sp5t ! re/ ( 8 days 9 peace4 ,! e>ldom 0 well rul$4 ,vik+s 7 afraid to plund] ! dom9ions ( s p[]ful a *ief2 & aft] a long & hon\rable reign ! good e>l di$ on a sickb$--:at ! ,vik+s call$ a 8/raw dea?0--ab\t ! ye> #icc4 ,illu/ration3 ,rema9s ( a ,vik+ ,%ip f\nd 9 ,sw$54 ,,! ,,d>k ,,c5tury4 ,! t5? c5tury may fitt+ly be call$ ! d>k c5tury ( ,orcadian hi/ory4 ,we "k v little ( x except occasional glimpses af=d$ by obscure ref]5ces 9 ! ,sagas2 & ! little t we d "k tells ( trea*]y & blood%$ & murd] to an ext5t unusual ev5 9 ! tr\bl$ annals ( ,orkney4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,torf-,e9> ! e>ldom came into ! h&s ( 8 ?ree sons1 ,?orf9n--usually call$ ,?orf9n ,skull-splitt]--,arnkell1 & ,erl5d4 ,! di/urb$ /ate ( ,norway1 consequ5t on ! dea? ( ,h>ald ,fairhair ab\t ! ye> #ide1 caus$ turmoil & confusion ?r\gh\t all ^? l&s :i* _h be5 conqu]$ & settl$ by ! ,norsem54 ,h>ald left beh9d him a brood ( wild1 reckless sons1 ea* ( :om ?\ght he _h a "r to a %>e ( 8 fa!r's dom9ions4 ,!y fill$ ! :ole l& ) turbul5ce & blood%$4 ,eric ,bloody-axe _h be5 ,h>ald's fav\rite son1 & he at fir/ took ov] ! *ief rule 9 ,norway4 ,he 0 a brave & skilful w>rior1 b passionate1 av>ici\s1 & trea*]\s 9 8 disposition4 ,! same qualities 7 possess$ 9 an ev5 great] degree by 8 que51 ,gunnhilda4 ,_! de$s ( viol5ce soon e/rang$ ! he>ts ( _! subjects4 ,hakon1 ,h>ald's y\nge/ son1 :o _h be5 br\ght up 9 ,engl& "u ! c>e ( ,k+ ,a!l/an1 came to ,norway to claim 8 %>e ( 8 fa!r's dom9ions4 ,hakon 0 at ?is "t only 9 8 fifte5? ye>1 b he 0 d>+ & ambiti\s1 & 0 ! d>l+ ( ! ,norsem5 bo? at home & abroad4 ,eric ,bloody-axe & ,gunnhilda 71 on ! o!r h&1 reg>d$ ev]y:]e ) hatr$ & dete/ation4 ,:51 !re=e1 ,hakon invad$ ,norway & attempt$ to wre/ ! sov]eignty f ! h&s ( 8 eld] bro!r1 ! latt] 0 des]t$ by 8 p & 0 =c$ to flee f ! c\ntry4 ,eric cross$ fir/ to ,orkney1 :]e he ga!r$ a b& ( foll[]s z reckless z himself1 & !n held on to ,engl& & began to ravage ! l& 9 ! usual ,vik+ fa%ion4 ,close fri5d%ip _h long exi/$ betwe5 ,a!l/an & ,h>ald ,fairhair4 ,a!l/an pr(ess$ simil> fri5d%ip = ,h>ald's sons1 & n[ (f]$ ,eric ! lord%ip ( ,nor?umbria4 ,eric 0 n s fooli% z to reject ?is (f]4 ,gunnhilda & he ) _! family abode 9 peace 9 ,nor?umbria = ab\t a ye>4 ,) ! dea? ( ,a!l/an =tune began once m to fr[n ^u ! exil$ k+4 ,k+ ,edmund ?\ght x by no means desirable t ! ,norsem5 %\ld hold s l>ge a portion ( 8 k+dom4 ,kn[+ ! insecurity ( 8 t5ure1 ,eric's reckless _s fla%$ at once into op5 rebellion4 ,he left ,nor?umbria1 sail$ to ,orkney1 seiz$ ! ,e>ls ,arnkell & ,erl5d1 =c$ _m o!r ,orcadian *iefs to jo9 him1 & made a ,vik+ raid on ! we/ coa/ ( ,engl&4 ,! raid]s met ) resi/ance & a battle 0 f\ght2 9 ?is battle fell ,eric himself1 bo? ! ,orkney e>ls1 & mo/ ( ! o!r lead]s4 ,:5 news ( ?is disa/r\s exp$ition rea*$ ,gunnhilda1 :o _h rema9$ ) h] family 9 ,nor?umbria1 %e 9 turn emb>k$ = ,orkney4 ,%e & h] sons claim$ ! e>ldom1 seiz$ ! taxes1 & spread wrong & oppression ov] all ! we/]n colonies4 ,= a %ort "t ! isl&s suff]$ ! same misgov]nm5t z ,norway _h already suff]$ at h] h&s4 ,b w> n[ broke out betwe5 ,norway & ,d5m>k4 ,?is seem$ to af=d h] a *ance ( rega9+ ! ,norwegian cr[n1 & ,gunnhilda & h] family sail$ ea/w>ds once m4 ,ragnhilda1 h] daught]1 0 left beh9d 9 ,orkney to cont9ue = a "t h] "m's acts ( trea*]y & blood%$4 ,!re are few worse *>act]s 9 hi/ory ?an ,ragnhilda z depict$ by ! ,saga4 ,%e seem$ to h a mania = plots & murd]s4 ,m>ri$ fir/ to ,arnf9n1 "o ( ! sons ( ,e>l ,?orf9n1 %e caus$ him to be murd]$ at ,murkle 9 ,cai?ness1 = no reason t we c f9d out1 & !n m>ri$ 8 bro!r ,hav>d4 ,on ! dea? ( 8 fa!r ,?orf9n1 %ortly aft]w>ds1 ,hav>d became e>l4 ,he is kn[n 9 hi/ory z ,hav>d ! ,h>ve/-happy1 because dur+ 8 "t ! isl&s 7 bless$ ) good h>ve/s4 ,hav>d also met 8 dea? at ! in/igation ( 8 wife4 ,ragnhilda p]suad$ ,e9> ,oily-tongue1 8 nephew1 to murd] ! e>l1 promis+ to m>ry him & secure = him ! e>ldom :5 ! de$ 0 done4 ,e9> set on ,hav>d 9 ,/5ness1 & slew him aft] a h>d /ruggle4 ,b x 0 app>5tly no "p ( ,ragnhilda's plan to m>ry ,e9> ,oily-tongue4 ,%e n[ pr(ess$ ! greate/ indignation & grief at ! murd] ( ,e>l ,hav>d1 & call$ = v5geance on 8 murd]]4 ,e9> ,oily-tongue _h a c\s91 also call$ ,e9>4 ,he 9 turn fell a victim to ! wiles ( ,ragnhilda4 ,by promis+ or at lea/ h9t+ t %e w\ld m>ry ! man :o av5g$ ! murd] ( ,e>l ,hav>d1 %e succe$$ 9 gett+ ! second ,e9> to murd] ! fir/1 & end$ by m>ry+ ,ljot1 ! ?ird son ( ,e>l ,?orf9n1 :o 0 ! real heir to ! e>ldom4 ,?is 0 by no means ! end ( ,ragnhilda's wick$ness4 ,ljot _h a bro!r1 ,skuli1 :o 0 n at all satisfi$ t ! =m] %\ld h ! :ole e>ldom4 ,x 0 an easy matt] to make tr\ble betwe5 ! two bro!rs4 ,9 ! end ,skuli left ! isl&s = ,scotl&1 & became ,e>l ( ,cai?ness & a vassal ( ! ,scotti% k+4 ,bad feel+ cont9u$ betwe5 ! bro!rs1 & 0 c>efully fo/]$ by ,ragnhilda4 ,ultimately !y met 9 arms 9 ,cai?ness1 ,skuli ) a ,scotti% army1 & ,ljot ) ! =ces ( ! e>ldom4 ,! ,scots 7 defeat$ & ,skuli sla94 ,ljot n[ add$ ,cai?ness to 8 e>ldom1 b ! ,scots aga9 & aga9 /rove to reconqu] x4 ,f9ally a great battle 0 f\ght at ,skidmire 9 ,cai?ness4 ,! ,norsem5 ga9$ ! day1 b ! e>l 0 fatally w\nd$4 ,!re rema9$ "o son ( ,?orf9n ,skull-splitt]1 nam$ ,hlodv]1 :o n[ became e>l ov] an e>ldom exhau/$ & impov]i%$ by tw5ty ye>s ( misgov]nm5t & blood%$1 & embroil$ 9 an ardu\s /ruggle ) ,scotl& = ! possession ( ,cai?ness4 ,! ,orkney e>ldom1 h[ev]1 0 n[ on ! eve ( a great expansion4 ,"u ! son & gr&son ( ,hlodv]1 ,sigurd ! ,/\t & ,?orf9n ! ,mighty1 ! ,norse dom9ion 9 ! we/ atta9$ its wide/ b\nds1 & ! e>ldom ( ,orkney its greate/ importance4 ,= m ?an half a c5tury1 ) little or no int]f]5ce f ,norway1 ! ,orkney e>ls help$ to m\ld ! hi/ory ( ,irel& & ( ,scotl&2 & until ! union ( ,engl& & ,d5m>k took place "u ,canute1 ! ,norse ,e>ls ( ,orkney 7 probably ! mo/ p[]ful *iefta9s 9 ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,x 0 9 ! "t ( ,e>l ,sigurd t ,*ri/ianity 0 fir/ introduc$ among ! ,norse inhabitants ( ,orkney4 ,olaf1 ,tryggvi's son1 ,k+ ( ,norway1 _h embrac$ ! new fai?1 & 8 me?ods ( promot+ ! religion :i* he pr(ess$ 7 *>act]i/ic ( 8 "t & race4 ,! /ory ( ! conv]sion ( ,e>l ,sigurd & 8 foll[]s is ?us giv5 9 ! ,saga3-- 8,olaf1 ,tryggvi's son1 sail$ f ! we/ to ! ,orkneys2 b because ! ,p5tl& ,fir? 0 n passable1 he laid 8 %ip up "u ! lee 9 ,osmund's ,voe1 (f ,rognvald's ,isle4 ,b !re 9 ! voe lay already ,e>l ,sigurd1 ,hlodv]'s son1 ) ?ree %ips1 & !n meant to g a-rov+4 ,b z soon z ,k+ ,olaf knew t ! e>l 0 !re1 he made !m call him to come & speak ) him4 ,b :5 ! e>l came on bo>d ! k+'s %ip1 ,k+ ,olaf began 8 spee*40 7,we pass ov] 8 long hi/orical review ( ! e/abli%m5t ( ! ,orkney e>ldom & its dep5d5ce ^u ! k+s ( ,norway1 & give only 8 clos+ s5t5ces47 8#8,n[1 z s x is1 ,e>l ,sigurd1 t ?\ ha/ come into my p[]1 n[ ?\ ha/ two *oices be=e !e1 v unev54 ,"o is t ?\ %alt take ! "r fai? & become my man1 & all[ ?yself to be baptiz$ & all ?y und]m52 !n %alt ?\ h a sure hope ( hon\r f me1 & to h & to hold z my und]man ?is realm1 ) e>l's title & full fre$om z ?\ ha/ ere:ile _h x2 & ?is ov] & above1 :i* is mu* m wor?1 to rule 9 ev]la/+ bliss ) all-rul+ ,god--t is sure to !e if ?\ keepe/ all ,8 comm&m5ts4 ,?is is ! o!r *oice1 :i* is v doleful & unlike ! fir/--t n[ on ! spot ?\ %alt die1 & aft] ?y dea? ,i %all let fire & sword ru?lessly rage ov] all ! ,orkneys1 burn & br& home/eads & m51 unless ?is folk w h salvation & believe on ! true ,god4444' 8,b :5 ,e>l ,sigurd _h he>d s long & clev] a spee* ( ,k+ ,olaf1 he h>d5$ 8 he>t aga9/ him1 & spoke ?us3 #8,x mu/ be told !e1 ,k+ ,olaf1 t ,i h firmly made up my m9d t ,i w n & may n & %all n =ego t fai? :i* my k9sm5 & =efa!rs _h be=e me3 = ,i "k no bett] c\nsel ?an !y1 & ,i "k n t t fai? is bett] :i* ?\ prea*e/ ?an ?is :i* we h n[ _h & held all our lives4' 8,& ) t ! k+ saw ! e>l s /iffneck$ 9 8 error1 he seiz$ 8 "y son1 :om ! e>l _h ) him1 & :o _h gr[n up !re 9 ! isles4 ,?is son ( ! e>l ! k+ bore =w>d on ! pr[ & drew 8 sword1 & made ready to cut (f ! lad's head1 ) ^! words1 #8,n[ may/ ?\ see1 ,e>l ,sigurd1 t ,i w sp>e no man :o w n s]ve ,almighty ,god1 or li/5 to my exhortations & he>k5 to ?is bless$ message2 & = t ,i w n[ on ?is v spot slay ?is ?y son be=e ?9e eyes1 ) ?is same sword :i* ,i grasp1 unless ?\ & ?y m5 s]ve my ,god2 = h5ce out ( ! isles w ,i n g be=e ,i h =w>d$ & fulfill$ ?is ,8 glori\s err&1 & ?\ & ?y son1 :om ,i n[ hold1 h tak5 on y baptism4' 8,& 9 ! /rait to :i* ! e>l 0 n[ come1 he *ose ! *oice :i* ! k+ w\ld h1 & :i* 0 bett] = him1 to take ! "r fai?4 ,!n ! e>l 0 baptiz$1 & all ! folk 9 ! ,orkneys4 ,aft] t ,e>l ,sigurd 0 made aft] ?is _w's hon\r ,k+ ,olaf's e>l1 & held "u him l&s & fiefs1 & gave him = an ho/age t same son ( 8 ( :om x 0 spok5 be=e2 he 0 call$ ,:elp or ,h\nd4 ,olaf made !m *ri/5 ! lad by ! "n ( ,hlodv]1 & c>ri$ him away ) him to ,norway4 ,e>l ,sigurd b\nd ) oa?s all _! agreem5t1 & next aft] t ,olaf sail$ away f ! ,orkneys1 b set up !re beh9d him prie/s to m5d ! folk's ways & tea* !m holy wisdom2 s !y1 ,k+ ,olaf & ,sigurd1 p>t$ ) fri5d%ip4 ,hlodv] liv$ b a scanty "t2 b aft] t he 0 dead ,e>l ,sigurd %[$ ,k+ ,olaf no s]vice4 ,he took to wife !n ! daught] ( ,malcolm ! ,scot ,k+1 & ,?orf9n 0 _! son40 ,s does ! ,saga tell ?is dramatic tale2 & we may notice t ! e>l's allegiance to ! new fai? 0 z fickle z 8 fidelity to ! k+1 = a few ye>s lat] we f9d him fight+ 9 ! ranks ( ! hea!n aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian k+1 ,brian ( ,irel&1 "u ! %ad[ ( 8 rav5 bann]1 a flag end[$ by 8 "m's spells ) ! tw(old magical p[] ( ensur+ victory to ^? :o foll[$ x1 b dea? to him :o bore x4 ,! /ory ( 8,k+ ,brian's battle10 or ! battle ( ,clont>f1 is "o ( ! mo/ /irr+ 9 ! old records1 & we give x "h z told by ! ,saga-man3-- 8,!n ,k+ ,sigtrygg ( ,irel& /irr$ 9 8 bus9ess ) ,e>l ,sigurd1 & egg$ him on to g to ! w> ) ,k+ ,brian4 ,! e>l 0 long /eadfa/1 b ! end ( x 0 t he said x might come ab\t4 ,he said he mu/ h 8 "m's h& = 8 help1 & be k+ 9 ,irel& if !y slew ,brian4 ,b all 8 m5 bes\ght ,e>l ,sigurd n to g into ! w>1 b x 0 all no good4 ,s !y p>t$ on ! und]/&+ t ,e>l ,sigurd gave 8 ^w to g2 b ,k+ ,sigtrygg promis$ him 8 "m & ! k+dom4 ,x 0 s settl$ t ,e>l ,sigurd 0 to come ) all 8 ho/ to ,dubl9 by ,palm ,sunday4 8,!n ,k+ ,sigtrygg f>$ s\? to ,irel&1 & told 8 "m1 ,kormlada1 t ! e>l _h und]tak5 to come1 & also :at he _h pl$g$ himself to grant him4 ,%e %[$ h]self well pleas$ at t1 b said !y mu/ ga!r great] =ce /ill4 ,sigtrygg ask$ :5ce ?is 0 to be look$ =4 ,%e said t !re 7 two ,vik+s ly+ (f ! we/ ( ,man2 & !y _h ?irty %ips1 & #8!y are m5 ( su* h>dihood t no?+ c )/& !m4 ,! "o's "n is ,ospak1 & ! o!r's ,brodir4 ,?\ %alt f>e to f9d !m1 & sp>e no?+ to get !m into ?y qu>rel1 :atev] price !y ask4' 8,n[ ,k+ ,sigtrygg f>es & seeks ! ,vik+s1 & f\nd !m ly+ outside (f ,man4 ,k+ ,sigtrygg br+s =w>d 8 err& at once2 b ,brodir %rank f help+ him until he1 ,k+ ,sigtrygg1 promis$ him ! k+dom & 8 "m1 & !y 7 to keep ?is su* a secret t ,e>l ,sigurd %\ld "k no?+ ab\t x4 ,brodir1 too1 0 to come to ,dubl9 on ,palm ,sunday4 ,k+ ,sigtrygg f>$ home to 8 "m & told h] h[ ?+s /ood4 ,aft] t ^? bro!rs1 ,ospak & ,brodir1 talk$ toge!r2 & !n ,brodir told ,ospak all t he & ,sigtrygg _h spok5 (1 & bade him f>e to battle ) him aga9/ ,k+ ,brian1 & said he set mu* /ore on 8 go+4 ,ospak said he w\ld n fight aga9/ s good a k+4 ,!n !y 7 bo? wra?1 & sund]$ _! b& at once4 ,ospak _h t5 %ips & ,brodir tw5ty4 ,ospak 0 a hea!n1 & ! wise/ ( all m54 ,he laid 8 %ips inside 9 a s\nd1 b ,brodir lay outside him4 ,brodir _h be5 a ,*ri/ian man & a mass-deacon by consecration2 b he _h ?r[n (f 8 fai? & become ,god's da/>d1 & n[ wor%ipp$ hea!n fi5ds1 & he 0 ( all m5 mo/ skill$ 9 sorc]y4 ,he _h t coat ( mail on :i* no /eel w\ld bite4 ,he 0 bo? tall & /rong1 & _h su* long locks t he tuck$ !m "u 8 belt4 ,8 hair 0 black4 8,x s happ5$ "o night t a great d9 pass$ ov] ,brodir & 8 m51 s t !y all woke1 & sprang up & put on _! clo!s4 ,along ) t came a %[] ( boil+ blood4 ,!n !y cov]$ !mselves ) _! %ields1 b = all t _m 7 scald$4 ,?is wond] la/$ all till day1 & a man _h di$ on bo>d e %ip4 ,!n !y slept dur+ ! day4 ,! second night !re 0 aga9 a d91 & aga9 !y all sprang up4 ,!n swords leapt out ( _! %ea?s1 & axes & spe>s flew ab\t 9 ! air & f\ght4 ,! weapons press$ !m s h>d t !y _h to %ield !mselves2 b /ill _m 7 w\nd$1 & aga9 a man di$ out ( e %ip4 ,?is wond] la/$ all till day4 ,!n !y slept aga9 ! day aft]4 ,! ?ird night !re 0 a d9 ( ! same k9d4 ,!n rav5s flew at !m1 & x seem$ to !m z ?\gh _! beaks & claws 7 ( iron4 ,! rav5s press$ !m s h>d t !y _h to keep !m (f ) _! swords1 & cov]$ !mselves ) _! %ields4 ,?is w5t on aga9 till day1 & !n ano!r man _h di$ 9 e %ip4 8,!n !y w5t to sleep fir/ ( all2 b :5 ,brodir woke up1 he drew 8 brea? pa9fully1 & bade !m put (f ! boat1 #8,=1' said he1 #8,i w g to see ,ospak4' ,!n he got into ! boat & "s m5 ) him4 ,b :5 he f\nd ,ospak he told him ( ! wond]s :i* _h befall5 !m1 & bade him say :at he ?\ght !y bod$4 ,ospak w\ld n tell him be=e he pl$g$ him peace1 & ,brodir promis$ him peace2 b ,ospak /ill %rank f tell+ him till night fell1 = ,brodir nev] slew a man by night4 8,!n ,ospak spoke1 & said1 #8,:5 blood ra9$ on y1 !re=e %all ye %$ _m m5's blood1 bo? ( y\r own & o!rs4 ,b :5 ye he>d a great d91 !n ye mu/ h be5 %[n ! crack ( doom1 & ye %all all die spe$ily4 ,b :5 weapons f\ght aga9/ y1 t mu/ =ebode a battle4 ,b :5 rav5s press$ y1 t m>ks ! devils :i* ye put fai? 91 & :o w drag y all d[n to ! pa9s ( hell4' 8,!n ,brodir 0 s wra? t he c\ld answ] nev] a ^w4 ,b he w5t at once to 8 m51 & made !m lay 8 %ips 9 a l9e across ! s\nd1 & moor !m by be>+ cables on %ore1 & meant to slay !m all next morn+4 ,ospak saw all _! plan4 ,!n he v[$ to take ! true fai?1 & to g to ,k+ ,brian & foll[ him till 8 dea?-day4 ,!n he took t c\nsel to lay 8 %ips 9 a l9e1 & punt !m along ! %ore ) poles1 & cut ! cables ( ,brodir's %ips4 ,!n ! %ips ( ,brodir's m5 began to fall abo>d ( "o ano!r4 ,b !y 7 all fa/ asleep2 & !n ,ospak & 8 m5 got out ( ! fir?1 & s we/ to ,irel&1 & came to ,k9cora4 ,!n ,ospak told ,k+ ,brian all t he _h le>nt1 & took baptism1 & gave himself ov] into ! k+'s h&4 ,aft] t ,k+ ,brian made !m ga!r =ce ov] all 8 realm1 & ! :ole ho/ 0 to come to ,dubl9 9 ! week be=e ,palm ,sunday4 8,e>l ,sigurd1 ,hlodv]'s son1 busk$ him f ! ,orkneys1 & ,flosi (f]$ to g ) him4 ,! e>l w\ld n h t1 s9ce he _h 8 pilgrimage to fulfil4 ,flosi (f]$ fifte5 m5 ( 8 b& to g on ! voyage1 & ! e>l accept$ !m2 b ,flosi f>$ ) ,e>l ,gilli to ! ,s\!rn ,isles4 ,?or/e91 ! son ( ,hall ( ! ,side1 w5t along ) ,e>l ,sigurd1 & ,hrafn ! ,r$1 & ,erl+ ( ,/raumey4 ,he w\ld n t ,h>eck %\ld g1 b said he w\ld be sure to tell him fir/ ! tid+s ( 8 voyage4 ,! e>l came ) all 8 ho/ on ,palm ,sunday to ,dubl91 & !re1 too1 0 come ,brodir ) all 8 ho/4 ,brodir tri$ by sorc]y h[ ! fight w\ld g4 ,b ! answ] ran ?us1 t if ! fight 7 on ,good ,friday1 ,k+ ,brian w\ld fall b w9 ! day2 b if !y f\ght be=e1 !y w\ld all fall :o 7 aga9/ him4 ,!n ,brodir said t !y mu/ n fight be=e ! ,friday4444 8,k+ ,brian came ) all 8 ho/ to ! burg2 & on ! ,friday ! ho/ f>$ out ( ! burg1 & bo? armies 7 drawn up 9 array4 ,brodir 0 on "o w+ ( ! battle1 b ,k+ ,sigtrygg on ! o!r4 ,e>l ,sigurd 0 9 ! mid-battle4 ,n[1 x mu/ be told ( ,k+ ,brian t he w\ld n fight on ! fa/-day1 & s a %ieldburg 0 ?r[n r\nd him1 & 8 ho/ 0 drawn up 9 array 9 front ( x4 ,wolf ! ,qu>relsome 0 on t w+ ( ! battle aga9/ :i* ,brodir /ood4 ,b on ! o!r w+1 :]e ,sigtrygg /ood aga9/ !m1 7 ,ospak & 8 sons4 ,b 9 mid-battle 0 ,k]?ialfad1 & be=e him ! bann]s 7 borne4 ,n[ ! w+s fall on "o ano!r1 & !re 0 a v h>d fight4 ,brodir w5t ?r\gh ! ho/ ( ! foe1 & fell$ all ! =emo/ t /ood !re1 b no /eel w\ld bite on him4 ,wolf ! ,qu>relsome turn$ !n to meet him1 & ?ru/ at him twice s h>d t ,brodir fell be=e him at ea* ?ru/1 & 0 well-nigh n gett+ on 8 feet aga94 ,b z soon z ev] he f\nd 8 feet1 he fl$ away into ! wood at once4 8,e>l ,sigurd _h a h>d battle aga9/ ,k]?ialfad1 & ,k]?ialfad came on s fa/ t he laid l[ all :o 7 9 ! front rank1 & he broke ! array ( ,e>l ,sigurd "r up to 8 bann]1 & slew ! bann]-be>]4 ,!n he got ano!r man to be> ! bann]1 & !re 0 aga9 a h>d fight4 ,k]?ialfad smote ?is man too 8 dea?-bl[ at once1 & s on "o aft] ! o!r all :o /ood ne> him4 ,!n ,e>l ,sigurd call$ on ,?or/e91 ! son ( ,hall ( ! ,side1 to be> ! bann]1 & ,?or/e9 0 j ab\t to lift ! bann]4 ,b !n ,amundi ! ,:ite said1 #8,don't be> ! bann]6 = all !y :o be> x get _! dea?4' #8,hrafn ! ,r$6' call$ out ,e>l ,sigurd1 #8be> ?\ ! bann]4' #8,be> ?9e own devil ?yself1' answ]$ ,hrafn4 ,!n ! e>l said1 #8',tis fitte/ t ! begg> %\ld be> ! bag2' & ) t he took ! bann] f ! /aff & put x "u 8 cloak4 ,a little aft]1 ,amundi ! ,:ite 0 sla91 & !n ! e>l 0 pi]c$ ?r\gh ) a spe>4 ,ospak _h gone ?r\gh all ! battle on 8 w+4 ,he _h be5 sore w\nd$1 & lo/ bo? 8 sons ere ,k+ ,sigtrygg fl$ be=e him4 ,!n flight broke out ?r\gh\t all ! ho/4 ,?or/e91 ,hall ( ! ,side's son1 /ood /ill :ile all ! o!rs fl$1 & ti$ 8 %oe/r+4 ,!n ,k]?ialfad ask$ :y he ran n z ! o!rs4 #8,because1' said ,?or/e91 #8,i c't get home to-night1 s9ce ,i am at home out 9 ,icel&4' ,k]?ialfad gave him peace4444 8,n[ ,brodir saw t ,k+ ,brian's m5 7 *as+ ! fle]s1 & t !re 7 few m5 by ! %ieldburg4 ,!n he ru%$ out ( ! wood1 & broke ?r\gh ! %ieldburg1 & hew$ at ! k+4 ,! lad ,takt ?rew 8 arm 9 ! way1 & ! /roke took x (f & ! k+'s head too2 b ! k+'s blood came on ! lad's /ump1 & ! /ump 0 heal$ by x on ! spot4 ,!n ,brodir call$ out ) a l\d voice1 #8,n[ man c tell t ,brodir fell$ ,brian4' ,!n m5 ran aft] ^? :o 7 *as+ ! fle]s1 & !y 7 told t ,k+ ,brian _h fall52 & !n !y turn$ back /raightway1 bo? ,wolf ! ,qu>relsome & ,k]?ialfad4 ,!n !y ?rew a r+ r\nd ,brodir & 8 m51 & ?rew bran*es ( trees ^u !m1 & s ,brodir 0 tak5 alive4444 ,aft] t !y took ,k+ ,brian's body & laid x out4 ,! k+'s head _h gr[n to ! trunk4444 8,?is ev5t happ5$ 9 ! ,orkneys1 t ,h>eck ?\ght he saw ,e>l ,sigurd1 & "s m5 ) him4 ,!n ,h>eck took 8 horse & rode to meet ! e>l4 ,m5 say t !y met & rode "u a brae2 b !y 7 nev] se5 aga91 & n a scrap 0 ev] f\nd ( ,h>eck40 ,f ! 8,njala ,saga10 translat$ by ,sir ,g4 ,w4 ,das5t1 ,d4,c4,l4 7,by p]mission ( ! ,controll] ( ,h4,m4 ,/ation]y ,(fice47 ,illu/ration3 ,anci5t ,bronze ,weapons & ,ornam5ts4 ,,e>l ,,?orf9n ,,& ,,e>l ,,rognvald4 ,e>l ,sigurd1 z has be5 m5tion$1 took z 8 second wife ! daught] ( ,malcolm ! ,second1 ,k+ ( ,scots4 ,!y _h b "o son1 ,?orf9n1 call$ ! ,mighty1 ! greate/ ( 8 race1 :o became ! mo/ p[]ful ( all ! ,orkney e>ls4 ,:5 he 0 b five w9t]s old ,?orf9n 0 s5t to 8 gr&fa!r ,malcolm to be br\ght up at ! ,scotti% ,c\rt1 & on 8 fa!r's dea? he 0 made ,e>l ( ,cai?ness & ,su!rl&4 ,e9> & ,brusi1 sons ( ,sigurd by 8 fir/ wife1 !n rul$ ov] ! isl&s4 ,e9> 0 ambiti\s & w>like1 ,brusi mild & peaceful4 ,:5 !y %>$ ! e>ldom betwe5 !m1 ,brusi 0 cont5t ) a ?ird "p1 :ile ,e9> took ov] ! rema9d]2 & s matt]s /ood = a "t4 ,:5 ,?orf9n grew up to manhood1 he 0 n cont5t ) 8 l>ge doma9s 9 ,scotl&4 ,he put =w>d a claim to "o-?ird ( ! ,orkneys z 8 rightful %>e4 ,e9> w\ld h disput$ ! claim2 b ,brusi resign$ 8 %>e to ,?orf9n1 & an agreem5t 0 made t :5 ,e9> di$ 8 %>e %\ld be h&$ ov] to ,brusi4 ,s peace 0 kept = ! "t4 ,b :5 ,e9> di$1 ,?orf9n seiz$ half ( ! :ole e>ldom4 ,brusi 0 unable to resi/ ! great p[] ( ,?orf9n1 s he resolv$ to g ea/ to ,norway1 & ask ,olaf ! k+ to d ju/ice betwe5 him & 8 bro!r4 ,?orf9n also w5t to ,norway to plead 8 own cause4 ,k+ ,olaf1 unwill+ to increase ! p[] ( a subject already too p[]ful1 decid$ 9 fav\r ( ,brusi4 ,b :5 ! two e>ls return$ to ! isl&s1 ,brusi f\nd ! task ( rul+ 8 dom9ions & def5d+ !m aga9/ ! ,vik+s too heavy = him1 & ,?orf9n no d\bt took c>e t !re %\ld always be pl5ty ( tr\ble = him to face4 ,at la/ ,brusi 0 glad to h& ov] two-?irds ( ! e>ldom to ,?orf9n1 on condition ( 8 und]tak+ to def5d ! isl&s2 & ?is arrangem5t la/$ till ,brusi's dea?4 ,9 ! meantime1 ,rognvald1 ,brusi's son1 _h be5 gr[+ up at ! ,c\rt ( ,olaf1 ,k+ ( ,norway1 & he 0 a close fri5d ( ,magnus1 ,olaf's son1 :o aft]w>ds became k+4 ,:5 ,rognvald he>d t ,brusi1 8 fa!r1 0 dead1 & t ,e>l ,?orf9n _h seiz$ ! :ole e>ldom1 he prep>$ to f>e we/w>d & claim 8 %>e ( ! l&4 ,?orf9n 0 n[ ! mo/ p[]ful rul] 9 all ! we/]n l&s4 ,he _h defeat$ ! ,scots 9 a great sea-fight (f ,de]ness2 he _h subdu$ ! ,we/]n ,isles2 he _h conqu]$ great realms 9 ,scotl&2 & he _h made himself ma/] ( ! half ( ,irel&4 ,at ! "t :5 ,rognvald came to ! ,orkneys1 h[ev]1 ,?orf9n _h w>s on 8 h&s 9 ! ,we/]n ,isles & 9 ,irel&1 & he 0 glad to (f] ,rognvald two-?irds ( ! isl&s 9 return = 8 fri5d%ip & 8 help4 ,s = a "t ! two e>ls liv$ 9 fri5d%ip ) ea* o!r4 ,!n evil m5 made mis*ief betwe5 !m1 & ,?orf9n dem&$ back ! ?ird ( ! l& :i* _h belong$ to ,e>l ,e9>4 ,rognvald refus$1 & sail$ away to ,norway to ask help f ,k+ ,magnus4 ,) a fleet ( ,norwegian %ips he came back to ,orkney1 & 0 met 9 ! ,p5tl& ,fir? by ! %ips ( ,e>l ,?orf9n4 ,e>l ,rognvald's %ips 7 few] 9 numb]1 b _! l>g] size at fir/ gave him ! advantage4 ,e>l ,?orf9n 0 h>d press$2 b at la/ he p]suad$ 8 bro!r-9-law1 ,kalf ,arnesson1 ^: %ips 7 ly+ by wat*+ ! fight1 to come to 8 aid & r[ aga9/ ,rognvald4 ,!n ! tide ( battle turn$ aga9/ ,e>l ,rognvald1 & only by ! d>kness ( ! night 0 he enabl$ to escape1 & once m to f9d 8 way to ,norway4 ,aga9 ,k+ ,magnus came to 8 help2 b ?is "t ,e>l ,rognvald tri$ to take ,?orf9n by surprise1 s he sail$ away to ,orkney 9 ! dead ( w9t] ) only "o %ip4 ,be=e !re 0 any news ( 8 com+1 he surr\nd$ ! h\se :]e ,e>l ,?orf9n 0 fea/+1 & set x on fire4 ,only ! wom5 & *ildr5 7 all[$ to g free2 b :ile ! w>riors 7 9 confusion1 seek+ "s way ( escape1 ! great e>l broke a hole ?r\gh ! side ( ! h\se :]e ! smoke 0 ?icke/1 &1 c>ry+ 8 wife1 ,+ibiorg1 9 8 arms1 he escap$ 9 ! d>kness to ! sea%ore1 took a boat1 & r[$ across to ,cai?ness4 ,n[ x seem$ t ,rognvald's success 0 complete1 = he ?\ght t ,e>l ,?orf9n 0 surely dead4 ,:5 ,*ri/mas-"t 0 at h&1 he prep>$ to hold a great fea/ at ,kirkwall1 & ) "s ( 8 m5 he took a %ip to ,papa ,/ronsay to br+ ov] a c>go ( malt = ! brew+4 ,!y /ay$ !re = ! night1 & sat long ov] ! fire tell+ ( all _! adv5tures4 ,mean:ile1 h[ev]1 ,e>l ,?orf9n _h come back f ,cai?ness to seek rev5ge4 ,9 ! d>kness he & 8 m5 surr\nd$ ! h\se :]e ,e>l ,rognvald sat1 & set x on fire4 ,all except ! e>l's m5 7 all[$ to come out1 be+ drawn ov] ! pile ( wood :i* ,?orf9n's m5 _h plac$ be=e ! door4 ,:ile ?is 0 be+ done1 a man sudd5ly leap$ ov] ! pile1 & ov] ! arm$ m5 beside x1 & disappe>$ 9 ! d>kness4 8,t mu/ be ,e>l ,rognvald10 cri$ ,?orf9n1 8= no "o else c\ld d su* a feat40 ,!n !y all ran to se>* = ,e>l ,rognvald 9 ! d>kness4 ,! b>k+ ( 8 dog betray$ ! e>l's hid+-place to 8 enemies1 & soon he 0 f\nd & sla9 among ! rocks ^u ! %ore4 ,next morn+ ,?orf9n & 8 m5 took ,e>l ,rognvald's %ip & sail$ to ,kirkwall4 ,& :5 ,rognvald's m5 :o 7 9 ! t[n came1 un>m$1 expect+ to meet ! e>l1 !y 7 set ^u by ,e>l ,?orf9n's m51 & ?irty ( !m 7 sla94 ,^! m5 7 ( ! bodygu>d ( ,k+ ,magnus1 & only "o ( !m 0 all[$ to g back to ,norway to tell ! tid+s to ! k+4 ,!n = eighte5 ye>s ,?orf9n rul$ ! e>ldom1 till ! day ( 8 dea?4 ,he 0 by f> ! greate/ ( ! ,orkney e>ls4 ,he built ,*ri/'s ,kirk 9 ,birsay1 & 9 8 "t ! ,bi%opric ( ,orkney 0 f\nd$4 ,dur+ 8 lat] ye>s ! isl&s enjoy$ peace1 & _m wise laws 7 made2 & :5 ! great e>l di$ !re 0 mu* sorr[ 9 ! ,orkneys4 ,s ! poet s+s 9 8 hon\r3-- 8,sw>?y %all become ! bright sun1 ,9 ! d>k sea %all ! e>? s9k1 ,f9i%$ %all be ,au/ri's lab\r1 ,& ! wild sea hide ! m\nta9s1 ,ere !re be 9 ^! fair isl&s ,born a *ief to rule ! p-- ,may our ,god bo? keep & help !m-- ,great] ?an ! lo/ ,e>l ,?orf9n40 ,paul & ,erl5d1 ! two sons ( ,?orf9n1 succe$$ to ! e>ldom1 & = "s "t !y rul$ 9 h>mony toge!r4 ,!y f\ght = ,k+ ,h>ald ,h>dradi aga9/ ,h>old1 ,godw9's son1 at ! battle ( ,/am=d ,bridge 9 ,york%ire 9 #ajff1 b 7 all[$ to return 9 peace to _! e>ldom4 ,tr\ble arose betwe5 ! bro!rs :5 _! sons grew to manhood1 & ,magnus ,b>efoot1 ,k+ ( ,norway1 made a desc5t ^u ! isl&s4 ,he c>ri$ ! two bro!rs into exile1 appo9t+ 8 own son ,sigurd z 8,k+0 ( ,orkney1 :i* po/ he held until 8 fa!r's dea? made him ,k+ ( ,norway4 ,hakon1 ,paul's son1 & ,magnus1 ,erl5d's son1 aft]w>ds call$ ,/4 ,magnus1 !n became jo9t e>ls4 ,_! jo9t rule _h ! usual result1 qu>rels & misund]/&+s1 & 0 br\ght to an end by ! murd] ( ,e>l ,magnus 9 ,egilsay 9 #aaae4 ,! /ory is told 9 ! ,saga ( ,e>l ,magnus1 f :i* ! next *apt] is tak54 ,,! ,,slay+ ,,( ,,e>l ,,magnus4 8,/4 ,magnus1 ! isle e>l1 0 ! mo/ pe]less ( m51 tall ( gr[?1 manly1 & lively ( look1 virtu\s 9 8 ways1 =tunate 9 fight1 a sage 9 wit1 ready-tongu$ & lordly-m9d$1 lavi% ( money & high-spirit$1 quick ( c\nsel1 & m belov$ ( 8 fri5ds ?an any man4 ,bli! & ( k9d spee* to wise & good m51 b h>d & unsp>+ aga9/ robb]s & sea-rov]s1 he let _m m5 be sla9 :o h>ri$ ! freem5 & l&folk4 ,he made murd]]s & ?ieves be tak51 & visit$ z well on ! p[]ful z on ! weak robb]ies & ?iev]ies & all ill de$s4 ,he 0 no fav\r] ( 8 fri5ds 9 8 judgm5ts1 = he valu$ m godly ju/ice ?an ! di/9ctions ( rank4 ,he 0 op5-h&$ to *iefs & p[]ful m51 b /ill he ev] %[$ mo/ c>e = poor m54444 8,^? k9sm51 ,magnus & ,hakon1 held ! w>d%ip ( ! l& = "s :ile1 s t !y 7 well agre$4444 ,b :5 ^? k9sm5 _h rul$ ! l& "s "t1 !n aga9 happ5$1 :at (t5 & always c happ51 t _m ill-will+ m5 set ab\t spoil+ _! k9%ip4 ,!n unlucky m5 ga!r$ m ab\t ,hakon1 = t he 0 v envi\s ( ! fri5d%ips & lordl9ess ( 8 k9sman ,magnus4 8,two m5 are !y :o are nam$1 :o 7 ) ,e>l ,hakon1 & :o 7 ! wor/ ( all ! tale-be>]s betwe5 ^? k9sm51 ,sigurd & ,sighvat ,sock4 ,?is sl&] came s f> ) ! gossip ( wick$ m51 t ^? k9sm5 aga9 ga!r$ =ces toge!r1 & ea* e>l fac$ aga9/ ! o!r ) a great company4 ,!n bo? ( !m held on to ,hrossey ! ,ma9l&1 :]e ! place ( meet+ ( ^? ,orkney+]s 04 ,b :5 !y came !re1 !n ea* drew up 8 m5 9 array1 & !y made !m ready to battle4 ,!re 7 !n ! e>ls & all ! great m51 & !re1 too1 7 _m fri5ds ( bo? :o did all !y c\ld to set !m at "o aga94 ,_m !n came betwe5 !m ) manl9ess & good-w4 ,?is meet+ 0 9 ,l5t1 a little be=e ,palm ,sunday4 ,b because _m m5 ( _! well-wi%]s took a %>e 9 cle>+ up ^! difficulties betwe5 !m1 b w\ld /& by nei!r to d h>m to ! o!r1 !n !y b\nd _! agreem5t ) oa?s & h&sels4 ,& :5 "s "t _h gone by aft] t1 !n ,e>l ,hakon1 ) falsehood & fair words1 settl$ ) ! bless$ ,e>l ,magnus to meet him on a c]ta9 day1 s t _! k9%ip & /eadfa/ new-made peace %\ld n be turn$ aside or set at naught4 ,?is meet+ = a /eadfa/ peace & a ?or\gh atonem5t betwe5 !m 0 to be 9 ,ea/] week t spr+ on ,egil's ,isle ,egilsay4 ,?is pleas$ ,e>l ,magnus well1 be+1 z he 01 a ?or\ghly :ole-he>t$ man1 f> f all d\bt1 guile1 or gre$2 & ea* ( !m 0 to h two %ips1 & ea* j z _m m53 ?is bo? swore1 to hold & keep ^? t]ms ( peace :i* ! wise/ m5 made up _! m9ds to decl>e betwe5 !m4 8,b :5 ,ea/]tide 0 gone by1 ea* made him ready = ?is meet+4 ,e>l ,magnus summon$ to him all ^? m5 :om he knew to be k9de/-he>t$ & likelie/ to d a good turn to bo? ^? k9sm54 ,he _h two long-%ips & j z _m m5 z 0 said4 ,& :5 he 0 ready he held on 8 c\rse to ,egil's ,isle4 ,& z !y 7 r[+ 9 calm ov] ! smoo? sea1 !re rose a bill[ aga9/ ! %ip :i* ! e>l /e]$1 & fell on ! %ip j :]e ! e>l sat4 ,! e>l's m5 wond]$ mu* at ?is tok51 t ! bill[ fell on !m 9 a calm :]e no man _h ev] kn[n x to fall be=e1 & :]e ! wat] "u 0 deep4 ,!n ! e>l said1 #8,x is n /range t ye wond] at ?is2 b my ?\ght is1 t ?is is a =ebod+ ( my life's end1 may be t may happ5 :i* 0 be=e spok5 ab\t ,e>l ,hakon4 ,we %\ld s make up our m9ds ab\t our und]tak+1 t ,i guess my k9sman ,hakon mu/ n mean to deal fairly by u at ?is meet+4' ,! e>l's m5 7 afraid at ^! words1 :5 he said he _h s %ort hope z to 8 life's end1 & bade him take he$ = 8 life1 & n f>e fur!r tru/+ 9 ,e>l ,hakon4 ,e>l ,magnus answ]s1 #8,we %all f>e on /ill1 & may all ,god's w be done z to our voyage4' 8,n[ x mu/ be told ab\t ,e>l ,hakon1 t he summon$ to him a great company1 & _h _m w>-%ips1 & all mann$ & trimm$ z ?\gh !y 7 to run out to battle4 ,& :5 ! =ce came toge!r1 ! e>l makes x cle> to ! m5 t he meant at t meet+ s to settle matt]s betwe5 himself & ,e>l ,magnus t !y %\ld n bo? ( !m be ov] ! ,orkneys4 ,_m ( 8 m5 %[$ !mselves well pleas$ at ?is purpose1 & add$ _m fe>ful words2 & !y1 ,sigurd & ,sighvat ,sock1 7 among ! wor/ 9 _! utt]ance4 ,!n m5 began to r[ h>d1 & !y f>$ furi\sly4 ,hav>d1 ,gunni's son1 0 on bo>d ! e>l's %ip1 a fri5d & c\nsellor ( ! e>l's1 & a fa/ fri5d to bo? alike4 ,hakon _h hidd5 f him ?is bad c\nsel1 :i* ,hav>d w\ld surely n jo9 94 ,& :5 he knew ! e>l 0 s /eadfa/ 9 ?is bad c\nsel1 !n he jump$ f ! e>l's %ip & took to swimm+1 & swam to an isle :]e no man dwelt4 8,e>l ,magnus came fir/ to ,egil's ,isle ) 8 company1 & :5 !y saw ,hakon com+ !y saw t he _h eight w>-%ips2 he ?\ght he knew !n t trea*]y mu/ be meant4 ,e>l ,magnus !n betook himself up on ! isle ) 8 m51 & w5t to ! *ur* to pray1 & 0 !re t night2 b 8 m5 (f]$ to def5d him4 ,! e>l answ]s1 #8,i w n lay y\r life 9 risk = me1 & if peace is n to be made betwe5 u two k9sm51 !n be x z ,god wills4' ,!n 8 m5 ?\ght t :at he _h said :5 ! bill[ fell on !m 0 com+ true4 ,n[ = t he felt sure z to ! h\rs ( 8 life be=eh&1 :e!r x 0 r f 8 %rewdness or ( godly =e%[+1 !n he w\ld n fly nor f>e f> f ! meet+ ( 8 foes4 ,he pray$ e>ne/ly1 & let a mass be sung to him4 8,hakon & 8 m5 jump$ up 9 ! morn+1 & ran fir/ to ! *ur* & ransack$ x1 & did n f9d ! e>l4 ,he _h gone ano!r way on ! isle ) two m5 into a c]ta9 hid+-place4 ,& :5 ! sa9t ,e>l ,magnus saw t !y s\ght = him1 !n he calls out to !m & says :]e he 02 he bade !m look n[h]e else = him4 ,& :5 ,hakon saw him1 !y ran ?i!r ) %\ts & cra% ( arms4 ,e>l ,magnus 0 !n at 8 pray]s :5 !y came to him1 & :5 he _h end$ 8 pray]s !n he sign$ himself ) ! cross1 & said to ,e>l ,hakon1 ) /eadfa/ he>t1 #8,?\ did/ n well1 k9sman1 :5 ?\ w5te/ back on ?y oa?s1 & x is mu* to be hop$ t ?\ doe/ ?is m f o!rs' badness ?an ?9e own4 ,n[ w ,i (f] !e ?ree *oices1 t ?\ d "o ( ^! r ?an break ?9e oa?s & let me be sla9 guiltless4' 8,hakon's m5 ask$ :at (f] he made4 #8,t is ! fir/1 t ,i w g s\? to ,rome1 or out z f> z ,j]usalem1 & visit holy places1 & h two %ips ) me out ( ! l& ) :at we ne$ to h1 & s make atonem5t = bo? ( our s\ls4 ,?is ,i w swe>1 nev] to come back to ! ,orkneys4' ,to ?is !y said #8,nay' at once4 ,!n ,e>l ,magnus spoke3 #8,n[ see+ t my life is 9 y\r p[]1 & t ,i h 9 _m ?+s made myself an outlaw be=e ,almighty ,god1 !n s5d ?\ me up into ,scotl& to "s ( bo? our fri5ds1 & let me be !re kept 9 w>d1 & two m5 ) me z a pa/ime4 ,take ?\ c>e !n t ,i may nev] be able to get out ( t w>d%ip4' ,to ?is !y said #8,nay' at once4 ,magnus spoke3 #8,"o *oice is /ill beh9d :i* ,i w (f] !e1 & ,god kn[s t ,i look m to y\r s\l ?an to my life2 b /ill x bett] beseems !e ?an to take my life away4 ,let me be maim$ 9 my limbs z ?\ please/1 or pluck out my eyes1 & set me 9 a d>k dungeon4' ,!n ,e>l ,hakon spoke3 #8,?is settlem5t ,i am ready to take1 nor d ,i ask any?+ fur!r4' ,!n ! *iefs sprang up & said to ,e>l ,hakon1 #8,we w slay n[ ei!r ( y twa91 & ye two %all n bo? f ?is day =? rule ! l&s4' ,!n answ]s ,e>l ,hakon3 #8,slay ye him r1 = ,i w r rule ! realm & l&s ?an die s sudd5ly4' ,s says ,holdbodi1 a tru?ful freeman f ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 ( ! p>ley !y _h4 ,he 0 !n ) ,magnus1 & ano!r man ) him1 :5 !y took him captive4 8,s glad 0 ! wor?y ,e>l ,magnus z ?\gh he 7 bidd5 to a fea/2 he nei!r spoke ) hate nor words ( wra?4 ,& aft] ?is talk he fell to pray]1 & hid 8 face 9 ! palms ( 8 h&s1 & %$ out _m te>s be=e ,god's eyesight4 ,:5 ,e>l ,magnus1 ! sa9t1 0 done to dea?1 ,hakon bade ,(eig 8 bann]-be>] to slay ! e>l1 b he said #8,nay' ) ! greate/ wra?4 ,!n he =c$ ,lifolf 8 cook to kill ,e>l ,magnus1 b he began to weep al\d4 #8,?\ %alt n weep = ?is1' said ! e>l1 #8= t !re is fame 9 do+ su* de$s4 ,be /eadfa/ 9 ?9e he>t1 = ?\ %alt h my clo!s1 z is ! wont & law ( m5 ( old1 & ?\ %alt n be afraid1 = ?\ doe/ ?is aga9/ ?y w1 & he :o =ces !e misdoes m ?an ?\4' ,b :5 ! e>l _h said ?is he ?rew (f 8 kirtle & gave x to ,lifolf4 ,aft] t he begg$ leave to say 8 pray]s1 & t 0 grant$ him4 ,illu/ration3 ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,magnus1 ,egilsay4 7,f a pa9t+ by ,t4 ,m>joribanks ,hay1 ,r4,s4,w47 8,he fell to e>?1 & gave himself ov] to ,god1 & br\ght himself z an (f]+ to ,him4 ,he n only pray$ = himself or 8 fri5ds1 b r !re & !n = 8 foes & banem51 & =gave !m ) all 8 he>t :at !y _h misdone t[>ds him1 & confess$ 8 own misde$s to ,god1 & pray$ t !y might be wa%$ (f him by ! out%$d+ ( 8 blood1 & comm5d$ 8 s\l into ,god's h&1 & pray$ t ,god's angels w\ld come to meet 8 s\l & be> x into ! re/ ( ,p>adise4 ,:5 ! fri5d ( ,god 0 l$ out to slaught] he spoke to ,lifolf3 #8,/& ?\ be=e me1 & hew me on my head a great w\nd1 = x beseems n to *op (f *iefs' heads l ?ieves'4 ,/r5g!n ?yself1 wret*$ man1 = ,i h pray$ to ,god t he may h m]cy ^u !e4' ,aft] t he sign$ himself ) ! cross1 & b[$ himself to ! /roke4 ,& 8 _s pass$ to heav54 8,t spot 0 be=e mossy & /ony4 ,b a little aft]1 ! wor?9ess ( ,e>l ,magnus be=e ,god 0 s bright t !re sprung up a gre5 sw>d :]e he 0 sla91 & ,god %[$ t1 t he 0 sla9 = righte\sness' sake1 & inh]it$ ! fairness & gre5ness ( ,p>adise1 :i* is call$ ! e>? ( liv+ m54444 ,!re _h !n pass$ s9ce ! bir? ( ,*ri/ "o ?\s& & n9ety & "o w9t]s40 ,f ! 8,orkney+a ,saga10 translat$ by ,sir ,g4 ,w4 ,das5t1 ,d4,c4,l4 7,by p]mission ( ! ,controll] ( ,h4,m4 ,/ation]y ,(fice47 ,,! ,,f\nd+ ,,( ,,/4 ,,magnus ,,ca!dral4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,hakon1 ! slay] ( ,e>l ,magnus1 ! e>ldom 0 divid$ betwe5 8 two sons1 ,h>ald ! ,smoo?-talk]1 & ,paul ! ,spee*less4 ,!re 7 _m bitt] qu>rels betwe5 ! bro!rs1 until ! dea? ( ! =m] left ,paul z sole rul]4 ,t happ5$ 9 ?is wise4 ,:5 !y _h be5 reconcil$ aft] "o ( _! qu>rels1 ,h>ald invit$ ,paul to a fea/ 9 8 h\se at ,orphir4 ,on ! morn+ be=e ! fea/1 ,e>l ,h>ald f\nd 8 "m & 8 aunt work+ at a v beautiful %irt1 :i*1 !y said1 0 a pres5t = 8 bro!r ,paul4 8,:y %\ld su* a spl5did g>m5t be giv5 to ,paul & n to me80 ask$ ! e>l1 tak+ x up 9 8 h& to look at x4 ,!n be=e ! wom5 c\ld prev5t him1 he ?rew (f ! light cloak he 0 we>+ & put on ! gorge\s %irt4 ,no soon] _h x t\*$ 8 sk9 ?an he 0 seiz$ ) viol5t pa9s1 & ) a sickness ( :i* he di$ a few days lat]4 ,! %irt _h be5 poison$ 9 ord] to cause ,e>l ,paul's dea?1 b x 0 ,e>l ,h>ald :o fell a victim to 8 "m's cunn+ & trea*]\s design4 ,e>l ,paul did n long reign 9 peace4 ,a new claimant soon appe>$ = "p ( ! l&s4 ,?is 0 ,kali1 ! son ( ,kol & ( ,gunhild1 ! si/] ( ! murd]$ ,/4 ,magnus1 :o _h be5 br\ght up at ! c\rt ( ,k+ ,h>ald ( ,norway4 ,he 0 a man ( noble appe>ance1 bold & skilful 9 w>1 & a born lead] ( m54 ,he 0 9 addition a not$ skald or poet1 & _m ( ! songs :i* he made h come d[n to u 9 ! ,sagas4 ,he n[ *ang$ 8 "n to ,rognvald1 :i* _h be5 a popul> "n 9 ! isles s9ce ! days ( ,rognvald1 ,brusi's son1 & he is kn[n 9 hi/ory z ,rognvald ,kali1 or ,rognvald ! ,second4 ,hav+ ! promise ( help f ,h>ald1 ! ,norwegian k+1 ,rognvald s5t a message to ,e>l ,paul1 dem&+ t %>e ( ! isl&s :i* ,e>l ,magnus _h held4 ,e>l ,paul1 :o 0 a good rul]1 & _h _m fri5ds among ! ,orkneym51 repli$ t he w\ld gu>d 8 inh]itance :ile ,god gave him life4 ,rognvald !n ga!r$ %ips & set sail = ,%etl&1 b 8 fleet 0 de/roy$ 9 ,yell ,s\nd by ! %ips ( ,e>l ,paul1 & he _h to escape to ,norway 9 a m]*ant vessel4 ,e>l ,paul !reupon plac$ beacons on "s ( ! highe/ hills 9 ! isl&s1 9 ord] t he might h w>n+ ( any attempt by ,rognvald to make a desc5t by way ( ,%etl&1 & ! mo/ important ( ^! beacons 0 on ! ,fair ,isle4 ,:5 ,rognvald1 angry & disappo9t$1 arriv$ 9 ,norway1 he took c\nsel ) 8 fa!r ,kol & ) an old man nam$ ,uni1 :o 0 reckon$ a v wise man2 & z he _h _m fri5ds among ! m5 ( ,%etl&1 x 0 decid$ to make a new attempt 9 ! spr+4 ,by ! aid ( ,k+ ,h>ald & ( 8 fri5ds a new fleet 0 !n got ready4 ,:5 ! %ips 7 assembl$1 ,rognvald /ood up on ! deck ( 8 w>-dragon to address 8 m54 8,e>l ,paul & ! ,orkney+]s10 he said1 8h tak5 my inh]itance1 & refuse to give x up4 ,my gr&fa!r1 ! holy ,e>l ,magnus1 0 trea*]\sly sla9 by ,paul's fa!r ,hakon1 & in/ead ( giv+ comp5sation = ! wick$ de$1 ,e>l ,paul w\ld wrong me /ill m 9 ! matt] ( my inh]itance4 ,h[ev]1 if x be ! w ( ,god1 ,i int5d to f>e to ! ,orkneys1 & !re w9 :at is m9e by "r1 or die ) hon\r40 ,all ! m5 *e]$ ?is spee*1 & :5 !y 7 sil5t ,kol rose to speak4 ,he advis$ 8 son n to tru/ 9 8 own /r5g? = success4 8,i advise !e1 ,rognvald10 he said1 8to make a v[ t if ,/4 ,magnus secures to !e ?9e inh]itance1 ?\ wilt build & d$icate to him 9 ,kirkwall a m9/] ( su* size & spl5d\r t x %all be ! wond] & ! glory ( all ! ,nor?40 ,rognvald ?\ght ?is ! be/ ( advice4 ,ris+ once m1 he v[$ to build 9 ,kirkwall a spl5did ca!dral 9 hon\r ( ,/4 ,magnus1 & to remove ?i!r ) all rev]5ce ! rema9s ( ! sa9t$ e>l4 ,no soon] _h ?is solemn v[ be5 tak5 ?an ! w9d became fair = sail+4 ,! fleet at once put to sea1 & rea*$ ,%etl& 9 a few days4 ,n[ ,rognvald's real difficulties began4 ,h[ c\ld he take ,e>l ,paul by surprise1 z he wi%$ to d1 ) ! beacon on ! ,fair ,isle ready to give ! al>m z soon z 8 %ips came 9 sight8 ,! wisdom ( ,kol & ( ,uni came to 8 aid4 ,! =m] _h a plan to cause ! beacon to be lit on a false al>m1 & ! latt] to prev5t its be+ lit :5 x 0 ne$$4 ,kol set sail f ,%etl& t[>ds ev5+ ) a fleet ( small boats4 ,:5 !y came 9 sight ( ! ,fair ,isle1 !y hoi/$ _! sails half way up ! ma/s1 & ) ! o>s ! m5 kept back ! boats s z to make !m sail v sl[ly4 ,at ! same "t !y gradually hoi/$ _! sails high] & high]1 s t to ^? 9 *>ge ( ! beacon x might seem t a fleet 0 rapidly approa*+ ,:5 x 0 d>k ! boats return$ to ! l&4 ,! trick 0 successful4 ,! ,fair ,isle beacon fl>$ up to ! sky1 ^? on ,nor? ,ronaldsay & on ,we/ray foll[$1 & soon e hilltop 9 ! isl&s %[$ its w>n+ light4 ,! ,orkneym5 took _! weapons & hurri$ to ,kirkwall1 :]e ,e>l ,paul _h appo9t$ !m to ga!r 9 su* a case1 & all 0 ready to meet ! enemy2 b no enemy appe>$4 ,^? :o _h *>ge ( ! beacons came ) ! news ( a fleet approa*+2 & aft] long wait+ o!r m5 7 s5t to look = its com+1 b !y look$ 9 va94 ,qu>rels soon began to arise z to :o 0 to blame = ! false al>m1 = ! m5 7 angry at hav+ be5 tak5 f _! f>m "w to no purpose2 s ! e>l _h to make peace among !m1 & set o!r m5 to build up ! beacons aga9 & to wat* !m4 ,n[ came ,uni's turn4 ,he sail$ to ! ,fair ,isle ) ?ree companions1 & pret5d$ to be an enemy ( ,rognvald1 say+ _m h>d ?+s aga9/ him & 8 m54 ,8 ?ree companions w5t out e day to fi%1 b ,uni himself /ay$ on %ore4 ,he gradually made fri5ds ) ! p ( ! isle1 & especially ) ^? :o _h *>ge ( ! beacon4 ,at la/ he (f]$ to wat* x = !m1 say+ t he _h no?+ else to d1 & 8 (f] 0 accept$4 ,uni !n p\r$ wat] on ! beacon1 & kept x 9 su* a /ate ( dampness t x %\ld be impossible to light x :5 x 0 ne$$4 ,?us by ! "t t ,rognvald 0 to set out f ,%etl&1 ,uni _h ev]y?+ prep>$4 ,z soon z 8 %ips 7 se5 f ! ,fair ,isle1 ! m5 :o _h *>ge ( ! beacon tri$ to light x1 b 9 va94 ,!re 0 no "t to w>n ,e>l ,paul1 & ,rognvald l&$ 9 ,we/ray )\t any al>m be+ giv54 ,! bi%op n[ int]f]$ betwe5 ! rivals1 & a truce 0 agre$ to 9 ord] t t]ms ( peace might be arrang$4 ,& n[ ?+s took a /range & unexpect$ turn1 s t ,rognvald won ! isl&s )\t any fight+4 ,:ile ,e>l ,paul 0 on a visit to 8 fri5d ,sigurd ( ,we/ness1 9 ,r\say1 he w5t out be=e breakfa/ "o morn+ & my/]i\sly disappe>$4 ,sigurd s\ght him ev]y:]e 9 va94 ,at la/ !y discov]$ t he _h be5 seiz$ & c>ri$ (f to ,scotl& by ,sweyn ,asleifson1 & he nev] return$4 ,e>l ,paul's m5 gradually came ov] to ,e>l ,rognvald1 & he became rul] ov] ! :ole e>ldom4 ,e>l ,rognvald n[ set ab\t fulfill+ 8 v[ & rais+ a great ca!dral 9 ,kirkwall 9 hon\r ( ,/4 ,magnus4 ,9 #aacg ! "w 0 begun "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,kol1 b _m a long ye> 0 to pass ere x %\ld be f9i%$4 ,z ! "w w5t on x soon became v co/ly to ! e>l4 ,9 8 difficulty he once m w5t to 8 fa!r ,kol = advice4 ,kol said t ,rognvald %\ld decl>e himself ! heir ( all l&hold]s :o di$1 & t _! sons %\ld h to r$eem _! l&s f him4 ,a ,?+ 0 call$1 & ?is law 0 pass$2 b ! freem5 also _h ! *oice giv5 !m ( buy+ _! l&s outright1 s t ! e>l might n inh]it !m 9 ! future4 ,mo/ ( ! l&hold]s took t plan1 & n[ !re 0 once m pl5ty ( money = ! ca!dral4 ,:5 ! "w 0 s f> advanc$ t "p ( ! ca!dral c\ld be ro($ 91 ! rema9s ( ,/4 ,magnus1 :i* _h already be5 remov$ f ,*ri/ ,*ur* 9 ,birsay1 7 laid to re/ 9 ! new m9/]4 ,_m great m5 h be5 laid 9 ! same place s9ce !n4 ,e>l ,rognvald himself 0 buri$ !re1 & !re too ! rema9s ( ,k+ ,hakon re/$ = a "t be=e _! removal to ,b]g54 ,:ile on a visit to ,norway1 ,e>l ,rognvald made ! acqua9tance ( a ,crusad] :o _h return$ f ! ,holy ,l&1 & he det]m9$ t he also w\ld become a 8,jorsalaf>]10 or pilgrim to ,j]usalem4 ,! /ory ( ?is /range voyage1 9 company ) ! ,bi%op ( ,orkney & _m ( 8 c\ntrym5--half ,vik+s1 half ,crusad]s--is well told 9 ! 8,saga ( ,e>l ,rognvald10 & 9 our next *apt] we give "p ( ! n>rative4 ,illu/ration3 ,on ! 8,vik+ ,pa?40 ,,! ,,jorsalaf>]s4 8,e>l ,rongvald busk$ him t summ] to leave ! ,orkneys1 & he 0 r late b\n2 = !y _h a long :ile to wait = ,e9drid1 z 8 %ip did n come f ,norway :i* he _h let be made !re ! w9t] be=e4 ,b :5 !y 7 b\n1 !y held on _! c\rse away f ! ,orkneys 9 fifte5 big %ips4 8,!y sail$ away f ! ,orkneys & s\? to ,scotl&1 & s on to ,engl&1 & z !y sail$ by ,nor?umb]l&1 (f ,humb]m\?1 ,armod sang a song1-- #8,! sea 0 high (f ,humb]m\? ,:5 our %ips 7 beat+ out1 ,b5ds ! ma/ & s9ks ! l& ',nea? our lee (f ,vesla-s&2 ,wave ) veil ( foam t rises ,drives n 9 ! eyes ( him ,:o n[ sits at home2 ! /ripl+ ,f ! meet+ ride? dry4' 8,!y sail$ !nce s\? r\nd ,engl& & to ,france4 ,no?+ is said ( _! voyage be=e t !y came to t seaburg :i* is nam$ ,n]bon ,!re ^! tid+s _h happ5$1 t ! e>l :o be=e _h rul$ ! t[n 0 dead4 ,8 "n 0 ,g]manus2 he left beh9d him a daught] "y & fair1 ^: "n 0 ,erm+]d4 ,%e kept wat* & w>d ov] h] fa!r's inh]itance1 ) ! c\nsel ( ! mo/ noble m5 ( h] k9sfolk4 ,!y gave t c\nsel to ! que5 t %e %\ld bid ! e>l to a wor?y fea/1 & said t by t %e w\ld be fam\s if %e welcom$ he>tily su* m5 ( rank :o _h come s f> to see h]1 & :o w\ld be> h] fame /ill fur!r4 ,! que5 bade !m see to t4 ,& :5 ?is c\nsel _h be5 agre$ on by !m1 m5 7 s5t to ! e>l1 & he 0 told t ! que5 bade him to a fea/ ) z _m ( 8 m5 z he *ose to br+ ) him4 ,! e>l took ?is bidd+ ) ?anks2 he *ose out all 8 be/ m5 = ?is j\rney ) him4 ,& :5 !y came to ! fea/1 !re 0 ! be/ *e]1 & no?+ 0 sp>$ :i* c\ld d ! e>l m hon\r ?an he _h ev] met be=e4 8,"o day x happ5$ z ! e>l sat at ! fea/ t ! que5 came into ! hall & _m wom5 ) h]2 %e held a beak] ( gold 9 h] h&4 ,%e 0 dress$ 9 ! be/ clo!s1 _h h] hair loose z maid5s wont to h1 & _h put a gold5 b& r\nd h] br[4 ,%e p\r$ ! w9e into ! e>l's cup1 b h] maid5s danc$ be=e !m4 ,! e>l took h] h& & ! beak] too & set h] on 8 knee1 & !y talk$ mu* t day4 8,! e>l /ay$ !re v long 9 ! be/ ( *e]4 ,! t[nsm5 press$ ! e>l to settle d[n !re1 & spoke out l\dly ab\t h[ !y w\ld give him ! lady to wife4 ,! e>l said he w\ld f>e on t voyage :i* he _h purpos$1 b said t he w\ld come ?i!r z he f>$ back1 & !n !y c\ld c>ry out _! plan or n z !y pleas$4 ,aft] t ! e>l busk$ him away !nce ) 8 fell[ voyag]s4 ,& z !y sail$ we/ ( ,?rasness !y _h a good w9d2 !n !y sat & drank & 7 v m]ry4 8,!y f>$ till !y came to ,galicial& 9 ! w9t] be=e ,yule1 & meant to sit !re ,yule ov]4 ,!y dealt ) ! l&sm51 & begg$ !m to set !m a m>ket to buy food2 = ! l& 0 b>r5 & bad = food1 & ! l&sm5 ?\ght x h>d to fe$ t ho/ ( m54 ,n[ ^! tid+s _h happ5$ !re1 t 9 t l& sat a *ief :o 0 a /rang]1 9 a ca/le1 & he _h laid on ! l&sm5 v heavy burd5s4 ,he h>ri$ !m on ! spot if !y did n agree at once to all t he ask$1 & he (f]$ !m ! greate/ tyranny & oppression4 ,& :5 ! e>l spoke to ! l&sm5 ab\t br++ him food to buy1 !y made him t (f]1 t !y w\ld set !m up a m>ket !nce=? on till ,l5t1 b !y mu/ rid !m 9 "s way or o!r ( ! m5 9 ! ca/le2 b ,e>l ,rognvald 0 to be> ! brunt 9 return = ! "r ( hav+ all ! goods t 7 gott5 f !m4 8,! e>l laid ?is b>e be=e 8 m51 & s\ght c\nsel f !m z to :i* *oice he %\ld take2 b mo/ ( !m 7 eag] to fall on ! ca/lem51 & ?\ght x bid fair = spoil4 ,& s ,e>l ,rognvald & 8 ho/ w5t into t agreem5t ) ! l&sm54 ,b :5 x drew ne> to ,yule1 ,e>l ,rognvald call$ 8 m5 to a talk1 & said1-- 8#8,n[ h we sat "h a:ile1 & yet we h _h no?+ to d ) ! ca/lem51 b ! l&sm5 are gett+ r slack 9 _! deal+s ) u4 ,me?9ks !y ?9k t :at we promis$ !m w h no fulfilm5t2 b /ill t is n manly n to turn our h&s to :at we h promis$4 ,n[1 k9sman ,erl+1 w ,i take c\nsel f y 9 :at way we %all w9 ! ca/le1 = ,i "k t ye are "h "s ( y ! greate/ m5 = good c\nsel2 b /ill ,i w beg all ^? m5 :o are "h t ea* w ?r[ 9 :at he ?9ks is likelie/ to be wor? try+4' 8,erl+ answ]$ ! e>l's spee*3 #8,i w n be sil5t at y\r bidd+4 ,b ,i am n a man = c\nsel1 & x w\ld be bett] r to call on ^? m5 = t :o h se5 m1 & are m wont to su* exploits1 z is ,e9drid ! ,"y4 ,b "h x w be z ! say+ goes1 8,y mu/ %oot at a bird be=e y get him40 ,& s we w try to give "s c\nsel1 :atev] comes ( x4 ,we %all to-day1 if x seems to y n bad c\nsel or to ! o!r %ipma/]s1 g all ( u to ! wood1 & be> ea* ( u ?ree %\ld]-bundles ( fagots on our backs "u ! ca/le2 = x seems to me z ?\gh ! lime w n be tru/y if a great fire is br\ght to x4 ,we %all let ?is g on = ! ?ree next days & see :at turn ?+s take4' 8,!y did z ,erl+ bade2 & :5 t toil 0 ov]1 x 0 come "r on to ,yule4 ,! bi%op w\ld n let !m make _! onslaught :ile ! ,yule high fea/ /ood ov] !m4 8,t *ief's "n 0 ,godfrey :o dwelt 9 ! ca/le2 he 0 a wise man1 & some:at /rick5 9 ye>s4 ,he 0 a good cl]k1 & _h f>$ f> & wide1 & knew _m tongues4 ,he 0 a grasp+ man & a v unfair man4 ,he call$ toge!r 8 m5 :5 he saw ,rognvald's und]tak+s1 & said to !m1-- 8#8,?is s*eme seems to me clev] & h>mful to u :i* ! ,nor?m5 h tak5 9 h&4 ,x w befall u ?us if fire is borne aga9/ u1 t ! /one wall r\nd ! ca/le w be untru/wor?y4 ,b ! ,nor?m5 are /rong & brave2 we %all h to look = a %>p fight f !m if !y get a *ance4 ,i w n[ take c\nsel ) y :at %all be done 9 ?is /rait :i* has befall5 u4' ,b 8 m5 all bade him see to t = !m4 ,!n he began to speak1 & said1 #8,my fir/ c\nsel is t ye %all b9d a cord r\nd me & let me slide d[n f ! ca/le wall to-night4 ,i %all h on bad clo!s1 & f>e into ! camp ( ! ,nor?m51 & "k :at ,i c f9d out4' 8,?is c\nsel 0 tak5 z he _h laid x d[n4 ,& :5 ,godfrey came to ,e>l ,rognvald he said he 0 an old begg> c>le1 & spoke 9 ,spani%2 !y und]/ood t tongue be/4 ,he f>$ ab\t among all ! boo?s & begg$ = food4 ,he f\nd out t !re 0 great envy & splitt+ into p>ties among/ ! ,nor?m54 ,e9drid 0 ! head ( "o side1 b ! e>l ( ! o!r4 ,godfrey came to ,e9drid & got to talk ) him1 & br\ght t be=e him t ! *ief :o held ! ca/le _h s5t him ?i!r4 #8,he w h fell[%ip ) !e1 & he hopes t ?\ wilt give him peace if ! ca/le be won4 ,he w\ld r t ?\ %\ld/ h 8 treasures1 if ?\ wilt d s mu* 9 return = !m1 ?an ^? :o w\ld r see him a dead man4' ,( su* ?+s !y talk$ & mu* besides4 ,b ! e>l 0 kept 9 ! d>k2 all ?is w5t on by /eal? at fir/4 ,& :5 ,godfrey _h /ay$ a :ile ) ! e>l's m51 !n he turn$ back to 8 m54 ,b ?is 0 :y !y did n flit :at !y own$ out ( ! ca/le1 because !y did n "k :e!r ! /orm w\ld take place at all2 besides !y c\ld n tru/ ! l&folk4 8,x 0 ! t5? day ( ,yule t ,e>l ,rognvald rose up4 ,! wea!r 0 good4 ,!n he bade 8 m5 put on _! arms1 & let ! ho/ be call$ up to ! ca/le ) ! trumpet4 ,!n !y drew ! wood t[>ds x1 & pil$ a bale r\nd ab\t ! wall4 ,! e>l drew up 8 m5 = ! onslaught :]e ea* ( !m %\ld g4 ,! e>l goes aga9/ x f ! s\? ) ! ,orkney+]s1 ,erl+ & ,aslag f ! we/1 ,john & ,gudorm f ! ea/1 ,e9drid ! ,"y f ! nor? ) 8 foll[]s4 ,& :5 !y 7 b\n = ! /orm !y ca/ fire into ! bale4 8,n[ !y began to press on fa/ bo? ) fire & weapons4 ,!n !y %ot h>d into ! "w = !y c\ld n rea* !m by any o!r attack4 ,! ca/lem5 /ood loosely "h & !re on ! wall1 = !y _h to gu>d !mselves aga9/ ! %ots4 ,!y p\r$ out too burn+ pit* & brim/one1 & ! e>l's m5 took little h>m by t4 ,n[ x turn$ out z ,erl+ _h guess$1 t ! ca/le wall crumbl$ be=e ! fire :5 ! lime w\ld n /& x1 & !re 7 great brea*es 9 x4 8,sigmund ,angle 0 ! "n ( a man 9 ! e>l's bodygu>d2 he 0 ,sweyn ,asliefson's /ep-son4 ,he press$ on fa/] ?an any man to ! ca/le1 & ev] w5t on be=e ! e>l2 he 0 !n sc>cely gr[n up4 ,& :5 ! /orm _h la/$ a:ile1 !n all m5 fl$ f ! ca/le wall4 ,! w9d 0 on f ! s\?1 & ! reek ( ! smoke lay t[>ds ,e9drid & 8 m54 ,& :5 ! fire began to spread v fa/1 !n ! e>l made !m br+ wat] & cool ! rubble t 0 burn$4 ,& !n !re 0 a lull 9 ! assault4 8,aft] t ! e>l made ready to /orm1 & ,sigmund ,angle ) him4 ,!re 0 !n b a little /ruggle1 & !y got into ! ca/le4 ,!re _m m5 7 sla91 b ^? :o w\ld take life gave !mselves up to ! e>l's p[]4 ,!re !y took mu* goods1 b !y did n f9d ! *ief1 & sc>cely any preci\s ?+s4 ,!n !re 0 =?) mu* talk h[ ,godfrey c\ld h got away2 & !n at once !y _h ! greate/ d\bt ( ,e9drid ! ,"y1 t he mu/ h pass$ him away someh[1 & t he 7,godfrey7 mu/ h gone away "u ! smoke to ! wood4 8,aft] t ,e>l ,rognvald & 8 ho/ /ay$ !re a %ort "t 9 ,galicial&1 & held on we/ (f ,spa94 ,!y h>ri$ wide 9 t "p ( ,spa9 :i* belong$ to ! hea!n1 & got !re mu* goods4 ,aft] t !y sail$ we/ (f ,spa91 & got !re a great /orm1 & lay ?ree days at an*or1 s t !y %ipp$ v mu* wat]1 & x lay ne> t !y _h lo/ _! %ips4 ,aft] t !y hoi/$ _! sails & beat out to ,njorfa ,s\nd ! ,/rait ( ,gibralt> ) a v cross w9d4 ,!y sail$ ?r\gh ,njorfa ,s\nd1 & !n ! wea!r began to get bett]4 ,& !n1 z !y bore out ( ! s\nd1 ,e9drid ! ,"y p>t$ company f ! e>l ) six %ips4 ,he sail$ ov] ! sea to ,m>seilles1 b ,rognvald & 8 %ips lay beh9d at ! s\nd2 & m5 talk$ mu* ab\t x1 h[ ,e9drid _h n[ himself giv5 pro( :e!r or n he _h help$ ,godfrey away4 8,no?+ is told ( ! voyage ( ! e>l & 8 m5 be=e !y came s\? (f ,s>kl&1 & lay 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,s>d9ia1 & knew n :at l& !y 7 ne>4 ,! wea!r _h turn$ out 9 ?is wise1 t a great calm set 9 & mi/s & smoo? seas--?\gh ! nights 7 light--& !y saw sc>cely at all f _! %ips1 & s !y made little way4 ,"o morn+ x happ5$ t ! mi/ lift$4 ,m5 /ood up & look$ ab\t !m4 ,!n ! e>l ask$ if m5 saw any?+ new4 ,!y said !y saw n\ght b two islets1 little & /eep1 & :5 !y look$ = ! islets ! second "t1 !n "o ( ! islets 0 gone4 ,!y told ?is to ! e>l4 ,he began to say1 #8,t c h be5 no islets4 ,t mu/ be %ips :i* m5 h out "h 9 ?is "p ( ! _w1 :i* !y call dromonds2 ^? are %ips big z holms to look on4 ,b !re1 :]e ! o!r dromond lay1 a breeze mu/ h come d[n on ! sea1 & !y mu/ h sail$ away2 b ^! mu/ be wayf>+ m51 ei!r *apm5 or f>+ 9 "s o!r way on _! bus9ess4' 8,aft] t ! e>l lets !m call to him ! bi%op & all ! %ipma/]s2 !n he began to say3 #8,i call y toge!r = ?is1 "l bi%op & ,erl+1 my k9sman3 see ye any s*eme or *ance ( ours t we may w9 victory 9 "s way ov] ^? :o are on ! dromond4' ,! bi%op answ]s3 #8,h>d1 ,i guess1 w x be = y to run y\r long-%ips "u ! dromond1 = ye w h no bett] way ( bo>d+ ?an by grappl+ ! bulw>ks ) a broad-axe2 b !y w h brim/one & boil+ pit* to ?r[ "u y\r feet & ov] y\r heads4 ,ye may see1 e>l1 s wise z y are1 t x is ! greate/ ra%ness to lay "o's self & "o's m5 9 su* risk4' 8,!n ,erl+ began to speak3 #8,"l bi%op1' he says1 #8likely x is t ye are be/ able to see ?is1 t !re w be little hope ( victory 9 r[+ aga9/ !m4 ,b someh[ x seems to me t ?\gh we try to run "u ! dromond1 s me?9ks x w be t ! greate/ weight ( weapons w fall beyond our %ips1 if we hug h] close1 broadside to broadside4 ,b if x be n s1 !n we c put (f f !m quickly1 = !y w n *ase u 9 ! dromond4' 8,! e>l began to say3 #8,t is spok5 l a man & q to my m9d4 ,i w n[ make t cle> to ! %ipma/]s & all ! crews1 t ea* man %all busk him 9 8 room1 & arm himself z he be/ c4 ,aft] t we w r[ up to !m4 ,b if !y are ,*ri/ian *apm51 !n x w be 9 our p[] to make peace ) !m2 b if !y are hea!n1 z ,i feel sure !y are1 !n ,almighty ,god w yield u t m]cy t we %all w9 ! victory ov] !m4 ,b ( ! w> spoil :i* we get !re1 we %all give ! fiftie? p5ny to poor m54' ,aft] t1 m5 got out _! arms & height5$ ! bulw>ks ( _! %ips1 & made !mselves ready accord+ to ! means :i* !y _h at h&4 ,! e>l settles :]e ea* ( 8 %ips %\ld run 94 ,!n !y made an onslaught on h] by r[+1 & pull$ up to h] z briskly z !y c\ld4 8,b :5 ^? :o 7 abo>d ! dromond saw t %ips 7 r[+ up to !m1 !y took silk5 /uffs & co/ly goods & hung !m out on ! bulw>ks1 & !n made great %\t+s & hail+s2 & x seem$ to ! e>l's m5 z ?\gh !y d>$ ! ,nor?m5 to come on aga9/ !m4 ,e>l ,rognvald laid 8 %ip aft alongside ! dromond on ! />bo>d1 b ,erl+1 too1 aft on ! l>bo>d4 ,john & ,aslak1 !y laid _! %ips =w>d ea* on 8 own bo>d1 b ! o!rs amid%ips on bo? bo>ds2 & all ! %ips hugg$ h] close1 broadside to broadside4 ,& :5 !y came "u ! dromond1 h] sides 7 s high out ( ! wat] t !y c\ld n rea* up ) _! weapons4 ,b ! foe p\r$ d[n blaz+ brim/one & flam+ pit* ov] !m4 ,& x 0 z ,erl+ guess$ x w\ld be1 t ! greate/ weight ( weapons fell out beyond ! %ips1 & !y _h no ne$ to %ield !mselves on t side :i* 0 next to ! dromond1 b ^? :o 7 on ! o!r side held _! %ields ov] _! heads & %elt]$ !mselves 9 t way4 8,& :5 !y made no way ) _! onslaught1 ! bi%op %ov$ 8 %ip (f & two o!rs1 & !y pick$ out & s5t ?i!r _! b[m51 & !y lay )9 %ot1 & %ot !nce at ! dromond1 & !n t onslaught 0 ! h>de/ t 0 made4 ,!n ^? on bo>d ! dromond got "u cov]1 b ?\ght little ab\t :at ^? 7 do+ :o _h laid _! %ips "u ! dromond4 ,e>l ,rognvald call$ out !n to 8 m51 t !y %\ld take _! axes & hew asund] ! broadside ( ! dromond 9 ! p>ts :]e %e 0 lea/ iron-b\nd4 ,b :5 ! m5 9 ! o!r %ips saw :at ! e>l's m5 7 ab\t1 !y also took ! l c\nsel4 8,n[1 :]e ,erl+ & 8 m5 _h laid _! %ip a great an*or hung on ! dromond1 & ! fluke 0 hung by ! crook ov] ! bulw>k1 b ! /ock po9t$ d[n to ,erl+'s %ip4 ,audun ! ,r$ 0 ! "n ( ,erl+'s b[man2 he 0 lift$ up on ! an*or-/ock4 ,b aft] t he haul$ up to him m m51 s t !y /ood z ?ick z ev] !y c\ld on ! /ock1 & !nce hew$ at ! sides z !y be/ c\ld1 & t hew+ 0 by f> ! highe/ up4 ,& :5 !y _h hewn su* l>ge doors t !y c\ld g into ! dromond1 !y made ready to bo>d1 & ! e>l & 8 m5 got into ! l[] hold1 b ,erl+ & 8 m5 into ! upp]4 ,& :5 bo? _! b&s _h come up on ! %ip !re 0 a fight bo? great & h>d4 ,on bo>d ! dromond 7 ,s>ac5s1 :at we call ,mahomet's unbeliev]s4 ,!re 7 _m blackamoors1 & !y made ! h>de/ /ruggle4 ,erl+ got !re a great w\nd on 8 neck ne> 8 %\ld]s z he sprang up into ! dromond4 ,t heal$ s ill t he bore 8 head on "o side ev] aft]4 ,t 0 :y he 0 call$ ,wryneck4 8,& :5 !y met ,e>l ,rognvald & ,erl+1 ! ,s>ac5s gave way be=e !m to ! =e-"p ( ! %ip1 b ! e>l's m5 !n bo>d$ h] "o aft] ano!r4 ,!n !y 7 m num]\s1 & !y press$ ! enemy h>d4 ,!y saw t on bo>d ! dromond 0 "o man :o 0 bo? tall] & fair] ?an ! o!rs2 ! ,nor?m5 held x to be ! tru? t t man mu/ be _! *ief4 ,e>l ,rognvald said t !y %\ld n turn _! weapons aga9/ him1 if !y c\ld take him 9 any o!r way4 ,!n !y hemm$ him 9 & bore him d[n ) _! %ields1 & s he 0 tak5 & aft]w>ds c>ri$ to ! bi%op's %ip1 & few m5 ) him4 ,!y slew !re mu* folk1 & got mu* goods & _m co/ly ?+s4 ,:5 !y _h end$ ! greate/ "p ( _! toil1 !y sat d[n & re/$ !mselves4 8,m5 spoke ( ^! tid+s :i* _h happ5$ !re4 ,!n ea* spoke ( :at he ?\ght he _h se52 & m5 talk$ ab\t :o _h be5 ! fir/ to bo>d ! dromond1 & c\ld n agree ab\t x4 ,!n "s said t x 0 fooli% t !y %\ld n all h "o /ory ab\t ^! great ?+s2 & ! end ( x 0 t !y agre$ t ,e>l ,rognvald %\ld settle ! dispute1 & aft]w>ds !y %\ld all back :at he said4 8,:5 !y _h /ripp$ ! dromond !y put fire into h] & burnt h]4 ,& :5 t tall man :om !y _h made captive saw t1 he 0 mu* /irr$1 & *ang$ col\r1 & c\ld n hold himself /ill4 ,b ?\gh !y tri$ to make him speak1 he nev] said a ^w & made no mann] ( sign1 nor did he pay any he$ to !m :e!r !y promis$ him good or ill4 ,b :5 ! dromond began to blaze1 !y saw z ?\gh blaz+ molt5 ore ran d[n into ! sea4 ,t mov$ ! captive man mu*4 ,!y 7 q sure !n t !y _h look$ = goods c>elessly1 & n[ ! metal _h melt$ 9 ! heat ( ! fire1 :e!r x _h be5 gold or silv]4 8,e>l ,rognvald & 8 m5 sail$ !nce s\? "u ,s>kl&1 & lay "u a seaburg1 & made a sev5 nights' truce ) ! t[nsm51 & _h deal+s ) !m1 & sold !m ! m5 :om !y _h tak54 ,no man w\ld buy ! tall man4 ,& aft] t ! e>l gave him leave to g away & f\r m5 ) him4 ,he came d[n ! next morn+ ) a tra9 ( m5 & told !m t he 0 a pr9ce ( ,s>kl&1 & _h sail$ !nce ) ! dromond & all ! goods t 7 abo>d h]4 ,he said1 too1 he ?\ght t wor/ ( all t !y burnt ! dromond1 & made su* wa/e ( t great weal? t x 0 ( no use to any "o4 #8,b n[ ,i h great p[] ov] y\r affairs4 ,n[ y %all h ! greate/ good f me = hav+ sp>$ my life & treat$ me ) su* hon\r z ye c\ld2 b ,i w\ld be v will+ t we saw ea* o!r nev] aga94 ,& s n[ live safe & s\nd & well4' ,aft] t he rode up ! c\ntry1 b ,e>l ,rognvald sail$ !nce s\? to ,crete1 & !y lay !re 9 v f\l wea!r4 8,! e>l & 8 m5 lay "u ,crete till !y got a fair w9d = ,jewry-l&1 & came to ,acreburg e>ly on a ,friday morn+1 & l&$ !n ) su* great pomp & /ate z 0 seldom se5 !re4 ,! e>l & 8 m5 /ay$ 9 ,acreburg a :ile4 ,!re sickness came into _! ranks1 & _m fam\s m5 brea!d _! la/4 ,!re ,?orbjorn ! ,sw>?y1 a liegeman1 brea!d 8 la/4 8,e>l ,rognvald & 8 m5 !n f>$ f ,acreburg1 & s\ght all ! holie/ places 9 ! l& ( ,jewry4 ,!y all f>$ to ,jordan & ba!d !re4 ,e>l ,rognvald & ,sigmund ,angle swam across ! riv] & w5t up on ! bank !re1 & ?i!r :]e 0 a ?icket ( bru%wood1 & !re !y twi/$ great knots4 ,aft] t !y f>$ back to ,j]usalem4 8,e>l ,rognvald & 8 m5 f>$ t summ] f ! l& ( ,jewry1 & meant to g nor? to ,mickleg>? ,con/ant9ople1 & came ab\t autumn to t t[n :i* is call$ ,imbol>4 ,!y /ay$ !re a v long "t 9 ! t[n4 ,!y _h t wat*word 9 ! t[n1 if m5 met "o ano!r walk+ :]e x 0 ?rong & n>r[1 & ! "o ?\ght x ne$ful t ! o!r :o met him %\ld yield him ! pa?1 !n he says ?us1 #8,out ( ! way2 out ( ! way4' ,"o ev5+ z ! e>l & 8 m5 7 com+ out ( ! t[n1 & ,erl+ ,wryneck w5t out along ! :>f to 8 %ip1 "s ( ! t[nsm5 met him & call$ out1 #8,out ( ! way2 out ( ! way4' ,erl+ 0 v drunk1 & made z ?\gh he he>d !m n1 & :5 !y ran aga9/ "o ano!r1 ,erl+ fell (f ! :>f & d[n into ! mud :i* 0 bel[2 & 8 m5 ran d[n to pick him up1 & _h to /rip (f e /it* ( 8 clo!s & wa% him4 ,next morn+ :5 he & ! e>l met1 & he 0 told :at _h happ5$1 he smil$ at x4 8,aft] t !y f>$ away !nce4 ,& no?+ is told ( _! voyage be=e !y come nor? to ,engilsness ,cape ,/4 ,angelo4 ,!re !y lay "s nights & wait$ = a w9d :i* w\ld seem fair to !m to sail nor? along ! sea to ,mickleg>?4 ,!y took great pa9s !n ) _! sail+1 & s sail$ ) great pomp1 j z !y _h he>d t ,sigurd ,jewry-f>] _h done4 8,:5 ,e>l ,rognvald & 8 m5 came to ,mickleg>? !y _h a he>ty welcome f ! emp]or & ! ,v>angians4 ,m5elaus 0 !n emp]or ov] ,mickleg>?1 :om we call ,manuel4 ,he gave ! e>l mu* goods1 & (f]$ !m b\nty-money if !y w\ld /ay !re4 ,!y /ay$ !re a:ile t w9t] 9 v good *e]4 ,!re 0 ,e9drid ! ,"y1 & he _h v great hon\r f ! emp]or4 ,he _h little to d ) ,e>l ,rognvald & 8 m51 & r tri$ to set o!r m5 aga9/ !m4 8,e>l ,rognvald set out on 8 voyage home t w9t] f ,mickleg>?1 & f>$ fir/ we/ to ,bulg>ial&1 to ,dyrra*burg4 ,!nce he sail$ we/ across ! sea to ,p\le4 ,!re ,e>l ,rognvald & ,bi%op ,william & ,erl+1 & all ! nobl] m5 ( _! b&1 l&$ f _! %ips1 & got !m horses & rode !nce fir/ to ,rome1 & s homew>ds on ! way f ,rome until !y come to ,d5m>k1 & !nce !y f>$ nor? to ,norway4 ,!re m5 7 glad to see !m1 & ?is voyage 0 mo/ fam\s1 & !y :o _h gone on x 7 ?\ght to be m5 ( mu* m wor? aft] ?an be=e40 ,f ! 8,orkney+a ,saga10 translat$ by ,sir ,g4 ,w4 ,das5t1 ,d4,c4,l4 7,by p]mission ( ! ,controll] ( ,h4,m4 ,/ation]y ,(fice47 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,great ,vik+4 7,f ! picture by ,h4 ,w4 ,koekkoek47 ,,sweyn ,,asleifson1 ,,! ,,la/ ,,( ,,! ,,vik+s4 ,! sudd5 disappe>ance ( ,e>l ,paul1 by :i* ,e>l ,rognvald _h be5 left 9 sole possession ( ! ,orkneys1 01 z we h said1 due to a c]ta9 ,vik+1 ,sweyn ,asleifson ( ,gairsay4 ,?is ,sweyn is "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable m5 9 all ,orcadian hi/ory4 ,among ! ,vik+s ( old he 0 ! greate/1 & he 0 ! la/4 ,( him ! ,saga says3 8,he 0 ! greate/ man 9 ! we/]n l&s1 ei!r 9 old "t or at ! pres5t day40 ,= ! slay+ ( "o ( ,e>l ,paul's m5 ,sweyn _h _h to escape out ( ! isles4 ,he abode = a "t 9 ! ,hebrides1 & aft]w>ds s\ght refuge 9 ! dales ( ,scotl&1 :]e ,m>g>et1 ! daught] ( ,e>l ,hakon1 0 m>ri$ to ,maddad1 ,e>l ( ,a?ole4 ,he _h promis$ to help ,h>ald1 _! son1 to become ,e>l ( ! ,orkneys1 & x 0 ) a view to ?is t he kidnapp$ ,e>l ,paul4 ,on t morn+ ,e>l ,paul _h gone out e>ly f ,we/ness to hunt ! ott] ne> ,scabro ,head4 ,sweyn _h sail$ ov] f ,?urso1 keep+ to ! we/ ( ,hoy & ! ,ma9l&1 & 0 n[ r[+ into ,evie ,s\nd1 = he _h he>d t ,e>l ,paul 0 /ay+ ) ,sigurd ( ,we/ness4 ,z !y r[$ ne> ! l&1 ,sweyn ord]$ all 8 m5 to lie hid except ^? at ! o>s1 t ! %ip might look l a peaceful m]*ant-vessel4 ,:5 ! e>l saw ! %ip r[+ ne> ! rocks1 he call$ out to ! m5 t !y %\ld g on to ,we/ness ) _! w>es = ,e>l ,paul4 ,!n ,sweyn1 :o 0 ly+ hid1 bade 8 m5 ask :]e ! e>l 04 8,! e>l is "h on ! rocks10 0 ! reply4 8,r[ quickly to l& at a place :]e !y w n see u10 said ,sweyn to 8 m52 8& let u arm ourselves1 = we h "w to d40 ,! %ip 0 r[$ to ! %ore1 z he _h said1 & ,sweyn & 8 m5 arm$ !mselves & fell ^u ,e>l ,paul & 8 company4 ,^!1 be+ un>m$1 7 soon dispos$ (4 ,! e>l 0 seiz$ & tak5 abo>d ! %ip1 & ,sweyn imm$iately set sail = ,scotl& by ! way he _h come4 ,sigurd m>vell$ :5 ! e>l did n return f 8 hunt+1 & m5 7 s5t out to look = him4 ,!y came ^u ! bodies ( ! sla9--n9ete5 ( ! e>l's m5 & six /rang]s--b ! e>l himself _h disappe>$4 ,x 0 at fir/ ?\ght t ,e>l ,rognvald _h _h some?+ to d ) 8 disappe>ance1 & x 0 _m days be=e m5 knew :at _h become ( ! vani%$ e>l4 ,9 ! meantime ,sweyn _h c>ri$ ,paul to ,a?ole1 & plac$ him 9 ! keep+ ( ,maddad & ,m>g>et4 ,8 aft] fate is unkn[n4 ,! /ory :i* ,sweyn aft]w>ds told is t ,paul did n wi% to return to ,orkney1 s %ameful _h be5 ! mann] ( 8 leav+ x2 & t he wi%$ x to be report$ t he _h be5 bl9d$ or maim$1 9 ord] t m5 %\ld n seek to br+ him back4 ,sweyn himself came back to ,orkney ) ?is /ory2 & he ackn[l$g$ ,e>l ,rognvald1 & became v fri5dly ) him4 ,z ! great ,e>l ( ,w>wick has be5 call$ 8! k+-mak]0 9 ,engl&1 s ,sweyn may be call$ ! 8e>l-mak]0 9 ,orkney4 ,he x 0 :o caus$ ,h>ald1 ! son ( ,maddad1 to be made e>l1 & he also support$ ,e>l ,erl5d 9 8 claims :ile ,e>l ,rognvald 0 9 ! ,holy ,l&4 ,he ga9$ ! fri5d%ip ( ,david1 ,k+ ( ,scots1 ,vik+ ?\gh he 01 & ! t]ror ( ! ,scotti% & ,iri% seas4 ,_m ( ,sweyn's ,vik+ raids are told 9 ! ,orkney ,saga1 "o ( ! mo/ fam\s be+ t kn[n z ,sweyn's 8,broadclo? ,cruise40 ,! foll[+ acc\nt is giv5 ( ?is cruise1 & ( ! dea? ( ,sweyn3-- 8,^! tid+s happ5$ once on a "t1 t ,sweyn ,asleifson f>$ away on 8 spr+-cruise1 & ,hakon1 ,e>l ,h>ald's son1 f>$ ) him2 & !y _h five %ips ) o>s1 & all ( !m l>ge4 ,!y h>ri$ ab\t among ! ,s\!rn ,isles4 ,!n ! folk 7 s sc>$ at him 9 ! ,s\!rn ,isles t m5 hid all _! goods & *attels 9 ! e>? or 9 piles ( rocks4 ,sweyn sail$ z f> s\? z ,man1 & got ill (f = spoil4 ,!nce !y sail$ out "u ,irel& & h>ri$ !re4 ,b :5 !y came ab\t s\? "u ,dubl91 !n two keels sail$ !re f (f ! ma91 :i* _h come f ,engl&1 & meant to /e] = ,dubl92 !y 7 lad5 ) ,engli% clo?s1 & great /ore ( goods 0 abo>d !m4 8,sweyn & 8 m5 pull$ up to ! keels & (f]$ !m battle4 ,little came ( ! def5ce ( ! ,engli%m5 be=e ,sweyn gave ! ^w to bo>d4 ,!n ! ,engli%m5 7 made prison]s4 ,& !re !y robb$ !m ( e p5ny :i* 0 abo>d ! keels1 save t ! ,engli%m5 kept ! clo!s !y /ood 9 & "s food1 & w5t on _! way aft]w>ds ) ! keels2 b ,sweyn & 8 m5 f>$ to ! ,s\!rn ,isles & %>$ _! w>-spoil4 8,!y sail$ f ! we/ ) great pomp4 ,!y did ?is z a glory = !mselves :5 !y lay 9 h>b\rs1 t !y ?rew awn+s ( ,engli% clo? ov] _! %ips4 ,b :5 !y sail$ into ! ,orkneys1 !y sew$ ! clo? on ! =e-"p ( ! sails1 s t x look$ 9 t wise z ?\gh ! sails 7 made altoge!r ( broadclo?4 ,?is !y call$ ! ,broadclo? ,cruise4 8,sweyn f>$ home to 8 h\se 9 ,gairsay4 ,he _h tak5 f ! keels mu* w9e & ,engli% mead4 ,n[ :5 ,sweyn _h be5 at home a %ort :ile1 he bade to him ,e>l ,h>ald1 & made a wor?y fea/ aga9/ 8 com+4 ,:5 ,e>l ,h>ald 0 at ! fea/1 !re 0 mu* talk among/ !m ( ,sweyn's good *e]4 ,! e>l spoke & said3 #8,?is ,i w\ld n[1 ,sweyn1 t ?\ w\ld/ lay aside ?y sea-rov+s2 'tis good n[ to drive home ) a :ole wa94 ,b ?\ kn[e/ ?is1 t ?\ ha/ long ma9ta9$ ?yself & ?y m5 by sea-rov+2 b s x f>es ) mo/ m5 :o live by unfair means1 t !y lose _! lives 9 /rife1 if !y d n break !mselves f x4' 8,!n ,sweyn answ]$1 & look$ to ! e>l1 & spoke ) a smile1 & said ?us3 #8,well spok5 is ?is1 "l1 & fri5dly spok51 & x w be good to take a bit ( good c\nsel f y2 b "s m5 lay t to y\r door1 t ye too are m5 ( little fairness4' ,! e>l answ]$3 #8,i %all h to answ] = my %>e1 b a gossip+ tongue drives me to say :at ,i d4' 8,sweyn said3 #8,good1 no d\bt1 drives y to x1 "l4 ,& s x %all be1 t ,i w leave (f sea-rov+1 = ,i f9d t ,i am gr[+ old1 & /r5g? less5s mu* 9 h>d%ips & w>f>e4 ,n[ ,i w g out on my autumn-cruise1 & ,i w\ld t x might be ) no less glory ?an ! spr+-cruise 02 b aft] t my wayf>+ %all be ov]4' ,! e>l answ]s3 #8',tis h>d to see1 messmate1 :e!r dea? or la/+ luck w come fir/4' ,aft] t !y dropp$ talk+ ab\t x4 ,e>l ,h>ald f>$ away f ! fea/1 & 0 l$ out ) fitt+ gifts4 ,s he & ,sweyn p>t$ ) great love-tok5s4 8,a little :ile aft]1 ,sweyn busks him = 8 rov+ cruise2 he _h sev5 long-%ips1 & all great4 ,hakon1 ,e>l ,h>ald's son1 w5t along ) ,sweyn on 8 voyage4 ,!y held on _! c\rse fir/ to ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 & got !re little w>-spoil2 !nce !y f>$ out "u ,irel&1 & h>ri$ !re f> & wide4 ,!y f>$ s f> s\? z ,dubl91 & came ^u !m !re v sudd5ly1 s t ! t[nsm5 7 n w>e ( !m be=e !y _h got into ! t[n4 ,!y took !re mu* goods4 ,!y made prison]s !re ^? m5 :o 7 rul]s !re 9 ! t[n4 ,! up%ot ( _! bus9ess 0 t !y gave ! t[n up into ,sweyn's p[]1 & agre$ to pay z great a ransom z he *ose to lay ^u !m4 ,sweyn 0 also to hold ! t[n ) 8 m5 & to h rule ov] x4 ,! ,dubl9 m5 sw>e an oa? to d ?is4 ,next morn+ ,sweyn 0 to come into ! t[n & take ! ransom4 8,n[ x mu/ be told ( :at happ5$ 9 ! t[n dur+ ! night4 ,! m5 ( good c\nsel :o 7 9 ! t[n held a meet+ among !mselves1 & talk$ ov] ! /raits :i* _h befall5 !m2 x seem$ to !m h>d to let _! t[n come into ! p[] ( ! ,orkney+]s1 & wor/ ( all ( t man :om !y knew to be ! mo/ unju/ man 9 ! we/]n l&s4 ,s !y agre$ among/ !mselves t !y w\ld *eat ,sweyn if !y might4 ,!y took t c\nsel1 t !y dug great tr5*es be=e ! burg-gate on ! inside1 & 9 _m o!r places betwe5 ! h\ses :]e x 0 meant t ,sweyn & 8 m5 %\ld pass2 b m5 lay 9 wait !re 9 ! h\ses h>d by ) weapons4 ,!y laid planks ov] ! tr5*es1 s t !y %\ld fall d[n z soon z ev] a man's weight comes on !m4 ,aft] t !y /rew$ /raw on ! planks s t ! tr5*es might n be se51 & s bid$ ! morr[4 8,on ! morn+ aft]1 ,sweyn & 8 m5 arose & put on _! arms2 aft] t !y w5t to ! t[n4 ,& :5 !y came inside beyond ! burg-gate1 ! ,dubl9 m5 made a lane f ! burg-gate "r to ! tr5*es4 ,sweyn & 8 m5 saw n :at !y 7 do+1 & ran into ! tr5*es4 ,! t[nsm5 !n ran /raightway to hold ! burg-gate1 b "s to ! tr5*es1 & br\ght _! arms to be> on ,sweyn & 8 m54 ,x 0 unh&y = !m to make any def5ce1 & ,sweyn lo/ 8 life !re 9 ! tr5*es1 & all ^? :o _h gone into ! t[n4 ,s x 0 said t ,sweyn 0 ! la/ to die ( all 8 messmates1 & spoke ^! words ere he di$3 #8,"k ?is1 all m51 :e!r ,i lose my life to-day or n1 t ,i am "o ( ! ,sa9t ,e>l ,rognvald's bodygu>d1 & ,i n[ mean to put my tru/ 9 be+ !re :]e he is ) ,god4' ,sweyn's m5 f>$ at once to _! %ips & pull$ away1 & no?+ is told ab\t _! voyage be=e !y come into ! ,orkneys40 ,f ! 8,orkney+a ,saga10 translat$ by ,sir ,g4 ,w4 ,das5t1 ,d4,c4,i4 7,by p]mission ( ! ,controll] ( ,h4,m4 ,/ation]y ,(fice47 ,illu/ration ,,! ,,decay ,,( ,,! ,,e>ldom ,,& ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,we/]n ,,k+dom4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,e>l ,rognvald1 ! isl&s 7 rul$ = almo/ fifty ye>s by ,h>ald ,maddadson4 ,h>ald's lat] days 7 full ( tr\bles4 ,) ! decay ( 8 p[]s ! glory ( ! e>ldom also fad$ away4 ,9 #aaid1 :5 ,sv]rir 0 ,k+ ( ,norway1 a rebellion took place1 ) ! object ( plac+ ,sigurd ,erl+son on ! ?rone4 ,sigurd's p>ty1 kn[n z ! 8,eyj>skeggj>0 or 8,isl&-be>dies10 _h _! headqu>t]s 9 ! ,orkneys4 ,!re !y collect$ _! =ces1 & !re ! rebellion 0 organiz$4 ,! rebels 7 completely ov]?r[n 9 a great battle f\ght ne> ,b]g54 ,sv]rir summon$ ,e>l ,h>ald be=e him 9 #aaif to answ] = 8 %>e 9 ! matt]4 ,z a puni%m5t = p]mitt+ plots aga9/ him to be hat*$ 9 ,orkney--plots :i* ! gray-hair$ old e>l _h be5 p[]less to prev5t--! k+ compell$ him to surr5d] ! gov]nm5t ( ,%etl&4 ,= ne>ly two c5turies !reaft] ,orkney & ,%etl& 7 sep>ate1 ! =m] rul$ by ! e>l1 ! latt] by a gov]nor appo9t$ by ! ,norwegian cr[n4 ,! result ( ?is 0 tw(old4 ,9 ! fir/ place x weak5$ ! p[] ( ! ,orkney e>ldom2 9 ! second place x caus$ ! e>ldom to draw ne>] to ,scotl&1 & to come m & m "u ,scotti% influ5ce4 ,b ! ag$ e>l's cup ( sorr[ 0 n yet full4 ,he qu>rell$ also ) ! ,scotti% k+4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is qu>rel he 0 /ripp$ ( 8 ,scotti% possessions1 & 8 son ,?orf9n p]i%$ mis]ably1 a prison] 9 ,roxburgh ,ca/le4 ,:5 ,e>l ,h>ald di$ 9 #abjf1 full ( ye>s & ( sorr[s1 ! e>ldom 0 b ! %ad[ ( its =m] self4 ,aft] ,h>ald's dea?1 8 two sons1 ,john & ,david1 succe$$ to ! e>ldom4 ,david did n live long1 & ,john 0 !n left sole e>l4 ,?is e>l1 ! la/ ( ! old ,norse j>ls1 0 ,e>l ( ,orkney exclud+ ,%etl&1 hold+ t e>ldom f ! ,norwegian k+1 & ,e>l ( ,cai?ness1 includ+ ,su!rl&1 hold+ t f ! ,k+ ( ,scotl&4 ,matt]s cont9u$ 9 ?is /ate g5]ally till ! pl$g+ ( ! isl&s 9 #adfh1 ! only *ange be+ t ,%etl& 0 aga9 add$ to ! ,orkney e>ldom 9 #acgi1 :5 ,h5ry1 ! fir/ ( ! ,/4 ,clairs1 became e>l4 ,! days ( ,e>l ,john1 l ^? ( 8 fa!r1 7 /ormy1 & disa/] aft] disa/] fell ^u ! isles4 ,! burn+ ( ,bi%op ,adam at ,halkirk 9 ,cai?ness br\ght d[n on ! e>l ! v5geance ( ,k+ ,alex&] ! ,second ( ,scotl&4 ,! e>l _h no h& 9 ! murd]1 b he 0 ne> by1 &1 9 ! op9ion ( ,k+ ,alex&]1 might h prev5t$ ! trag$y4 ,!n a feud arose betwe5 ! e>l & "s ( ! lead]s ( a ,norse exp$ition to ! ,we/]n ,isles4 ,! e>l 0 attack$ sudd5ly 9 ,?urso1 & !re murd]$4 ,?is took place 9 ! ye> #abca4 ,! murd]]s took refuge 9 ! ,ca/le ( ,weir1 :]e !y 7 besieg$ by ! e>l's fri5ds & adh]5ts4 ,ultimately bo? p>ties agre$ t ! case %\ld be submitt$ to ! ,norwegian k+4 ,! *ief m5 ( ! isl&s emb>k$ = ,norway to be pres5t at ! trial ( ! murd]]s1 :i* end$ 9 _! conviction & puni%m5t4 ,b a t]rible disa/] = ! ,orkney e>ldom foll[$4 ,all ! lead+ m5 ( ! isl&s left ,norway 9 "o %ip1 & set sail = ,orkney late 9 autumn4 ,/ormy wea!r set 9 %ortly aft] _! dep>ture4 ,fe>s :i* 7 ent]ta9$ = ! safety ( ! %ip prov$ to be only too well f\nd$3 ! %ip 0 nev] he>d ( aga94 ,) h] w5t d[n ne>ly all ! nobility ( ! e>ldom4 ,?is disa/]1 :i* happ5$ 9 #abcb1 0 irrem$iable4 ,well does ! ,saga ( ,hakon ,hakonson say1 8,_m m5 h _h to suff] = ?is lat]40 ,! e>ldom nev] recov]$ f ! loss ( its be/ blood1 & b = ?is loss ! aft] c\rse ( ev5ts might h be5 v diff]5t4 ,h5ce=? ! ,orkney e>ldom plays b a subord9ate "p 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,nor?4 ,9 #abcb ,k+ ,alex&] ( ,scotl& grant$ ! ,e>ldom ( ,cai?ness to ,magnus1 son ( ,gilbride1 ,e>l ( ,angus4 ,magnus 0 at ! same "t confirm$ 9 ! ,e>ldom ( ,orkney by ! ,k+ ( ,norway4 ,b ,k+ ,alex&] made ,su!rl& a sep>ate e>ldom1 ,william ,friskyn be+ creat$ fir/ e>l4 ,?us )9 a p]iod ( =ty ye>s ! e>ldom1 :i* _h at "o "t rivall$ ! p[] ( ,scotl& itself1 & _h be5 at once ! c5tre & ! def5ce ( ! ,norse ,empire 9 ! we/1 0 /ripp$ ( m ?an half its t]ritories4 ,! ,scotti% k+ _h a deep purpose to s]ve 9 ?us weak5+ ! nor!rn e>ldom4 ,he 0 already ca/+ covet\s eyes on ! ,hebrides1 & e bl[ /ruck at ! p[] ( ! ,orkney e>l 0 a /ep t[>ds ! conque/ ( ! ,we/]n ,isles4 ,9 ! heyday ( ,norse asc5d5cy !re 0 dang] ( ! we/]n ,norse colonies swall[+ up ,scotl& r ?an ( ,scotl& swall[+ up ^! colonies4 ,b ,hakon ( ,norway 0 n[ too busy at home repress+ int]nal disord]s to give mu* ?\ght to ! ambitions ( ! ,scotti% k+1 & ! ,orkney e>l 0 too weak to =m a s]i\s ob/acle1 besides :i* he 0 m ?an half ,scotti% himself4 ,= _m ye>s ! *iefs ( ! ,hebrides & ! ,we/]n ,isles _h be5 wav]+ 9 _! allegiance to ! ,norwegian cr[n4 ,k+ ,alex&] 0 also do+ 8 utmo/ to und]m9e ,norse influ5ce 9 ! we/4 ,:ile he 0 c>ry+ on intrigues ) ! we/]n *iefs1 he at ! same "t kept s5d+ embassies to ,norway to treat ) ,hakon = ! pur*ase ( ^! isl&s4 ,hakon's answ] 0 brief & decid$3 ,he 0 n yet s mu* 9 want ( money t he ne$$ to sell 8 l&s = x4 ,! next ,k+ ( ,scotl&1 ,alex&] ! ,?ird1 _h ! same ambitions z 8 fa!r1 & z resolutely pursu$ 8 s*emes = ! subjugation ( ! ,hebrides4 ,he 01 moreov]1 a "y1 en]getic1 & w>like k+4 ,he f\nd ! isl& *iefs v tr\blesome neighb\rs4 ,8 fa!r's policy ( intrigue 0 too sl[ = him1 & he det]m9$ to take by =ce :at he c\ld n obta9 by treaty4 ,9 #abfb ! ,scots invad$ ! ,norse dom9ions 9 ! we/4 ,hakon1 :o _h n[ pacifi$ 8 own k+dom1 0 at la/ r\s$ to make a s]i\s ef=t to pres]ve 8 ov]-sea dom9ions4 ,9 ! summ] ( #abfc he 8let lett]s ( summons be s5t r\nd all ,norway1 & call$ out ! levies bo? ( m5 & /ores z he ?\ght ! l& c\ld be> x4 ,he summon$ all ! ho/ to meet him e>ly 9 ! summ] at ,b]g540 ,a mighty fleet assembl$ 9 ob$i5ce to ! k+'s comm&1 &1 "u ! lead]%ip ( ,hakon himself1 set sail f ,norway 9 ! end ( ,july #abfc4 ,aft] delay+ ?r\gh ! summ] 9 ,%etl& & ,orkney1 ?is ill-fat$ exp$ition rea*$ ! ,fir? ( ,clyde 9 late autumn4 ,alex&] ! ,?ird1 kn[+ well t he c\ld n hope to meet ! ,norsem5 at sea1 prep>$ to give !m z w>m a reception z possible :]ev] !y might l&4 ,9 ! meantime he pret5d$ to be anxi\s = peace4 ,negotiations 7 op5$ betwe5 ! two k+s4 ,alex&] temporiz$3 w9t] 0 approa*+4 ,hakon's pati5ce at la/ gave way1 & break+ (f negotiations1 ! ,norsem5 began to h>ry ! c\ntry1 receiv+ will+ aid f ! v>i\s half-,celtic *iefta9s1 :o enjoy$ no?+ s mu* z an opportunity ( ravag+ ! f]tile ,l[l&s4 ,b t ally ^: com+ ,alex&] _h be5 await+ came at l5g?2 on ! fir/ ( ,octob] a great /orm f ! s\?-we/ arose sudd5ly dur+ ! night4 ,hakon's %ips began to drag _! an*ors4 ,!y f\l$ ea* o!r 9 ! d>kness1 & sev]al 7 driv5 a%ore on ! ,ayr%ire coa/4 ,:5 morn+ dawn$1 ,hakon f\nd 8 own %ip )9 b[%ot ( ! %ore1 :ile ! ,scots 7 already plund]+ "o :i* _h /r&$ ne> by4 ,dur+ a lull 9 ! /orm ,hakon manag$ to l& a deta*m5t ( 8 m5 to protect ! /r&$ galley4 ,b ! /orm increas$ 9 fury once m4 ,! ,norsem5 on %ore 7 outnumb]$ probably by t5 to "o1 & no help c\ld be s5t f ! %ips4 ,! ,vik+s ?rew !mselves into a circle bri/l+ ) spe>-po9ts4 ,onset aft] onset ( ! ,scots =c$ ! r+ ( spe>s sl[ly back t[>ds ! %ore1 b !y c\ld n break x4 ,all day long ! battle rag$--! ,norsem5 ) ! angry sea beh9d !m1 & no hope ( succ\r f _! fleet2 ! ,scots det]m9$ to drive ! invad]s into ! sea1 or slay !m :]e !y /ood4 ,z ev5+ began to fall ! /orm mod]at$1 & ,hakon 0 able to s5d re9=cem5ts on %ore4 ,! ,scots 7 borne backw>ds by ! onset ( ! fre% w>riors4 ,b night 0 fall+1 & ! ,norsem5 7 anxi\s to get back to _! %ips1 = ! /orm 0 n yet ov]4 ,!y accord+ly ha/5$ to take advantage ( ! brea?+-space :i* !y _h won1 & retir$ to _! %ips4 ,su* 0 ! fam\s battle ( ,l>gs1 :i* bo? ,scots & ,norsem5 claim z a victory4 ,9 itself x 0 little m ?an a skirmi%2 b ! ev5ts ( t night & day1 ! /orm & ! battle toge!r1 gave ! dea?-bl[ to ,norse dom9ion 9 ! we/4 ,! he>t ( ,k+ ,hakon fail$ him4 ,8 m5 also 7 disc\rag$4 ,! %att]$ rema9s ( ! once spl5did fleet set sail = ,orkney1 & ! great invasion ( ,scotl& 0 ov]4 ,brok5 9 _s & %att]$ 9 heal?1 ,hakon rea*$ ,orkney only to die4 ,"p ( 8 fleet 0 ord]$ to proce$ to ,norway1 & "p 0 laid up = ! w9t] 9 ,scapa ,bay & ,h\ton ,cove4 ,sc>cely _h ^! matt]s be5 att5d$ to :5 8 fatal sickness seiz$ ! k+4 ,9 ! ,bi%op's ,palace 9 ,kirkwall he sp5t 8 la/ h\rs4 ,"h at midnight1 on ,saturday1 ,decemb] #ae1 #abfc1 9 ! sixtie? ye> ( 8 ev5tful life1 di$ ,hakon ,hakonson1 ! la/ ( ! great sea-k+s ( ,norway4 ,! rema9s ( ! k+ 7 c>ri$ to ! ca!dral1 :]e !y lay 9 /ate1 & 7 aft]w>ds tempor>ily int]r$ 9 ! *oir ne> ! %r9e ( ,/4 ,magnus4 ,:5 spr+ came1 ,hakon's body 0 exhum$ & tak5 to ,b]g5 9 ,norway1 :]e x 0 f9ally laid to re/ 9 ! *oir ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,hakon1 8 son ,magnus1 n[ ,k+ ( ,norway1 s5t ambassadors to ! ,scotti% k+ to treat = peace1 & a treaty 0 sign$ at ,p]? 9 #abff4 ,by ?is treaty ,norway resign$ h] rights 9 ! ,hebrides1 9 consid]ation ( ,scotl&'s pay+ d[n f\r ?\s& m>ks1 besides a tribute ( "o hundr$ m>ks to be paid annually 9 ,/4 ,magnus ,ca!dral1 ,kirkwall4 ,?is tribute1 call$ ! ,annual ( ,norway1 0 ! direct cause ( ! tr\bles :i* prec$$ ! m>riage ( ,james ! ,?ird ( ,scotl& & ,pr9cess ,m>g>et ( ,d5m>k4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ,k+ ,hakon's =ces _h to be ma9ta9$ 9 ,orkney dur+ ! w9t] succe$+ ,l>gs4 ,to provide = ?is1 ! l&s ( ! e>ldom 7 divid$ into sections1 & *>g$ ) ! ma9t5ance ( ! soldi]s 9 proportion to ! am\nt ( 8skatt0 ea* section ow$ ! k+4 ,! ,skatt ,book ( ! e>ldom 0 prep>$--a li/ ( ! l&s !re91 & ! am\nt ( skatt :i* !y paid4 ,x 0 ! ,domesday ,book ( ! ,orkneys4 ,on ?is ,skatt ,book 7 bas$ ! ,scotti% ,r5tals1 :i* came into su* prom95ce 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ,scotti% oppressions dur+ ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,ru9s ( ! ,bi%op's ,palace1 ,kirkwall4 ,,! ,,annexation ,,to ,,scotl&4 ,! hi/ory ( ,orkney dur+ ! two c5turies :i* int]v5$ betwe5 ! battle ( ,l>gs & ! annexation to ,scotl& conta9s little ( int]e/4 ,! e>ldom 0 held by ,scotti% families1 fir/ ! ,/ra!rnes1 & !n ! ,/4 ,clairs4 ,! sympa?ies ( ! e>ls 7 ) ! ,scots1 ! p 7 ma9ly ,norse1 & z a natural consequ5ce qu>rels frequ5tly arose betwe5 ! e>ls & _! subjects4 ,ano!r s\rce ( tr\ble 0 ! fact t ! e>ls g5]ally held possessions 9 ,scotl&1 & 7 ?us subjects ( ,scotl& z well z ( ,norway4 ,! isl&s 7 neglect$ by bo? c\ntries1 be+ ( little importance to ,norway z gov]n$ by =eign]s1 & ( little int]e/ to ,scotl& z own$ by a =eign c\ntry4 ,sev]al ( ! e>ls took a prom95t "p 9 ! affairs ( ,scotl&1 & 7 m5 ( m>k & highly e/eem$ by ! ,scotti% sov]eigns4 ,?us ,magnus1 ! la/ ( ! ,angus l9e1 0 "o ( ! eight ,scotti% noblem5 :o1 9 #acbj1 subscrib$ ! fam\s lett] to ! ,pope ass]t+ ! indep5d5ce ( ,scotl&2 & ,h5ry1 ! second ( ! ,/4 ,clairs1 0 entru/$ by ,k+ ,rob]t ! ,?ird ) ! task ( convey+ ! "y ,pr9ce ,james to a safe asylum 9 ,france1 :5 t pr9ce 0 made prison] by ! ,engli%4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( ,orkney itself ! only man ( note among ! ,scotti% e>ls 0 ,h5ry1 ! fir/ ( ! ,/4 ,clairs1 ! build] ( ,kirkwall ,ca/le4 ,h5ry became e>l 9 #acgi4 ,"u 8 rule ,orkney & ,%etl& 7 once m unit$4 ,he is ! only "o ( ! ,scotti% e>ls :o c be at all comp>$ ) ! old ,norse j>ls ( ,orkney4 ,9 ev]y?+ except "n he 0 k+ ( 8 isl& dom9ions1 rul+ !m z he pleas$ )\t mu* ?\ght ( ei!r ,norway or ,scotl&4 ,x 0 9 ! "t ( ,william1 ! ?ird ( ! ,/4 ,clair e>ls1 t ! transf]5ce ( ,orkney & ,%etl& to ,scotl& took place4 ,! circum/ances :i* l$ to ?is important ev5t mu/ n[ be relat$4 ,aft] ! battle ( ,l>gs a treaty ( peace betwe5 ,norway & ,scotl& _h be5 sign$ at ,p]? 9 #abff1 ,norway resign+ ! ,hebrides 9 return = an imm$iate paym5t by ,scotl& ( f\r ?\s& m>ks1 & 9 addition a tribute ( "o hundr$ m>ks to be paid annually 9 ,/4 ,magnus ,ca!dral1 ,kirkwall4 ,= e failure to pay ?is tribute--kn[n 9 hi/ory z ! ,annual ( ,norway--,scotl& 0 liable to a p5alty ( t5 ?\s& m>ks4 ,?is treaty 0 aft]w>ds confirm$ by ,hakon ! ,fif? & ,rob]t ! ,bruce at ,inv]ness 9 #acab4 ,9 #acig ,norway1 ,sw$51 & ,d5m>k 7 unit$ "u "o sov]eign4 ,:51 9 #addh1 ,*ri/ian ! ,fir/ became k+ ( ! unit$ realms1 paym5t by ,scotl& ( ! ,annual ( ,norway _h be5 neglect$ = "s =ty ye>s4 ,accord+ to ! ,treaty ( ,p]?1 ,scotl& 0 !re=e liable to a p5alty ( ov] f\r hundr$ ?\s& m>ks4 ,*ri/ian's ex*equ] 0 empty2 "h 0 an opportunity ( repl5i%+ x4 ,ab\t #adfj ,*ri/ian made a ?reat5+ dem& = paym5t ( ! :ole sum due4 ,! sum dem&$ 0 s l>ge t x w\ld h be5 no easy matt] = ,scotl& to pay x1 h[ev] will+ %e might be4 ,*ri/ian _h conclud$ an alliance ) ,france1 & ,france _h always be5 ! firm fri5d ( ,scotl&4 ,:5 a rupture betwe5 ,d5m>k & ,scotl& seem$ inevitable1 ! ,fr5* k+ employ$ all 8 influ5ce to secure a compromise4 ,he sugge/$ t a m>riage %\ld be arrang$ betwe5 ,pr9ce ,james ( ,scotl&1 aft]w>ds ,james ! ,?ird1 & ,m>g>et1 ,*ri/ian's daught]1 tru/+ t ! negotiations 9 connection ) ! m>riage w\ld lead to ! fri5dly settlem5t ( ! matt]s 9 dispute4 ,prolong$ negotiations took place betwe5 ! two c\ntries4 ,scotl& at fir/ dem&$ ! remission ( ! ,annual ( ,norway ) arre>s1 ! cession ( ,orkney & ,%etl&1 & a d[ry ( a hundr$ ?\s& cr[ns4 ,to ^! t]ms ,*ri/ian refus$ to li/54 ,! dea? ( ,james ! ,second at ! siege ( ,roxburgh ,ca/le susp5d$ negotiations = a "t4 ,"s ye>s aft] ! accession ( ,james ! ,?ird !y 7 resum$4 ,! f9al result 0 ! ,m>riage ,treaty ( #adfh1 :i* br\ght ab\t ! transf]5ce ( ,orkney & ,%etl& to ,scotl&4 ,! ma9 provisions ( ! ,m>riage ,treaty 7 ^!3--7#a47 ,t ! ,pr9cess ,m>g>et's d[ry %\ld am\nt to fifty ?\s& flor9s2 t5 ?\s& to be paid )9 ! ye>1 & ! isl&s ( ,orkney to be pl$g$ = ! rema9+ =ty ?\s&4--,only two ?\s& flor9s 7 paid1 ,%etl& be+ pl$g$ 9 ! foll[+ ye> = ! rema9+ eight ?\s&4 7#b47 ,t ! rights ( ,*ri/ian z ,k+ ( ,norway %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 ! isl&s by ! ,scotti% k+ until ! =ty ?\s& flor9s 7 paid4 7#c47 ,t ! isl&]s %\ld enjoy _! own cu/oms & laws :ile "u ,scotti% rule4 ,*ri/ian w\ld n cons5t to ! p]man5t cession ( ! isl&s to ,scotl& "u any conditions4 ,9 fact no?+ b ! dire/ f9ancial /raits c acc\nt = 8 ev5 pl$g+ !m4 ,b he _h j f9i%$ a co/ly w> 9 ,sw$51 8 ex*equ] 0 empty1 & ! ,scotti% m>riage seem$ to him v desirable4 ,on ?is ,m>riage ,treaty ( #adfh1 & on ! agreem5t aft]w>ds made ) ,e>l ,william1 ,scotl& bases h] claim to ! isl&s ( ,orkney & ,%etl&4 ,x is c]ta9 t ,*ri/ian int5d$ to r$eem ! isl&s1 & ev5 z late z #affh ! pl5ipot5ti>ies ( ,europe assembl$ at ,br$a decl>$ t ,d5m>k--x ought to be ,norway--/ill reta9$ ! "r to r$eem !m4 ,scotti% influ5ce 9 ,orkney _h be5 increas+ = _m ye>s previ\s to ! annexation4 ,! ne$y dep5dants ( ! v>i\s ,scotti% noblem5 :o held ! e>ldom f\nd ! isl&s a happy hunt+-gr\nd = _! av>ice or = _! ne$4 ,!re 0 ?us a /rong p>ty 9 ,orkney 9 fav\r ( ! annexation to ,scotl&4 ,b ! l>ge majority ( ! inhabitants c\ld n b reg>d ! *ange ( ma/]s ) dismay4 ,scotl& 0 an ali5 p[]1 & _h usually be5 a ho/ile "o4 ,h] laws & in/itutions _h little 9 common ) ^? ( ! nor!rn e>ldom4 ,besides ?is1 h] t5ure be+ only tempor>y1 %e _h no inducem5t to promote ! welf>e ( ! isl&s1 b on ! contr>y h] obvi\s int]e/ 0 to make z mu* pr(it z possible f h] opportunity4 ,f #adfh onw>ds1 till long aft] ! t]m9ation ( ,scotti% & ! beg9n+ ( ,briti% rule1 ! lot ( ! isl&]s 0 f> f enviable4 ,! trans=mation ( ! lead+ ,norse e>ldom into a m9or ,scotti% c\nty 0 ! "w ( ^? ye>s4 ,! process by :i* ?is 0 accompli%$ 0 a long-cont9u$ s]ies ( injuries & oppressions1 ! /ory ( :i* =ms too long a tale to be fully told "h4 ,illu/ration3 ,knock+ ,/one & ,mell4 ,,udal ,,& ,,feudal4 ,orkney & ,%etl& 7 h&$ ov] to ,scotl&1 b c>e 0 tak5 to secure ! rights ( ! inhabitants ( ! isl&s by ! provision 9 ! treaty ( #adfh t !y %\ld be gov]n$ accord+ to _! own laws & usages4 ,^! 7 diff]5t f ^? ( ,scotl& 9 sev]al important p>ticul>s4 ,un=tunately1 ! new ,scotti% rul]s did n "k ! laws ( ! e>ldom1 & did n c>e to le>n !m4 ,) reg>d to ! hold+ ( l&1 ! laws ( ,scotl& 7 entirely diff]5t f ^? ( ,orkney4 ,9 ,scotl& l& 0 held accord+ to ! feudal sy/em1 9 ,orkney accord+ to ! udal sy/em4 ,"u ! feudal sy/em ! k+ 0 nom9ally ! own] ( all ! l&s 9 ! k+dom4 ,! v>i\s l&lords held _! l&s f him z _! sup]ior1 9 ex*ange = c]ta9 s]vices to be r5d]$ or paym5ts to be made1 & by a writt5 title1 )\t :i* !y _h no legal claim to ! l&4 ,! udal sy/em has be5 describ$ z 8! direct negation ( e feudal pr9ciple40 ,! udall] held 8 l& )\t any writt5 title1 subject to no s]vice or paym5t to a sup]ior1 & ) full possession & e conceivable "r ( own]%ip4 ,! udall] 0 a peasant noble2 he 0 ! k+'s equal & n 8 vassal4 ,he ow$ k+ or j>l no s]vices1 duties1 or paym5t = 8 udal l&s1 :i* he held z an absolute possession1 inali5able f him & 8 race4 ,x mu/ n be suppos$ t all ! l& 9 ,orkney 0 held udally1 or t all ! inhabitants 7 udall]s4 ,!re 7 "s udall]s :o held "p ( _! l& z t5ants1 & _m ( ! isl&]s held no udal l& at all4 ,all l&hold]s1 :e!r udall]s or t5ants1 _h to pay a tax1 call$ 8skatt40 ,?is 0 a tax levi$ to meet ! exp5ses ( gov]nm5t & def5ce4 ,skatt 0 paid sometimes to ! ,k+ ( ,norway1 sometimes to ! ,e>l ( ,orkney1 b x 0 legally ! prop]ty ( ! cr[n4 ,hakon1 :5 he lay dy+ 9 ,kirkwall1 levi$ skatt on ! l&hold]s ( ,orkney = ! support ( 8 troops dur+ ! w9t]4 ,9 ?is he 0 only ex]cis+ ! und\bt$ "r ( ! cr[n ( ,norway4 ,b ! skatt 0 nev] a r5t1 & nev] c>ri$ ) x ! ackn[l$gm5t ( k+ or j>l z ! real l&[n]4 ,:5 ,orkney came "u ,scotti% rule1 ! ,k+ ( ,scotl& became entitl$ to ! skatt4 ,"s ,scotti% nobleman or *ur*man 0 usually appo9t$ to collect ! rev5ues ( ! cr[n 9 ! e>ldom4 ,?is nobleman or *ur*man 0 paid a commission on :at he collect$1 toge!r ) any trifles he might extort 89 ony mann] ( way40 ,sometimes ! rev5ues ( ! e>ldom 7 f>m$ out to ! collector1 an annual sum be+ paid by him into ! royal treasury z r5t4 ,?is arrangem5t af=d$ mu* room = extortion1 & all ! m s because ! cr[n collector 0 ignorant1 or c\ld pret5d to be ignorant1 ( ,orkney law & ( ! udal sy/em4 ,9 #adga ! ,scotti% cr[n pur*as$ f ,e>l ,william all ! l&s & rev5ues :i* he held z ,e>l ( ,orkney4 ,9 #adgb ,bi%op ,william ,tullo* 0 appo9t$ to collect ! rev5ues ( ! cr[n 9 ,orkney4 ,! p]iod ( ,scotti% oppression at once began4 ,! bi%op 0 deeply imbu$ ) feudal prejudices4 ,he _h a r5tal drawn up1 9 :i* he regi/]$ ! l&s ( udall] & t5ant indiscrim9ately1 ) a /udi$ confusion ( _! diff]5t rights4 ,bo? udal & feudal paym5ts 7 exact$ z r5ts f all hold]s ( l&4 ,! udall] _h no "o to :om he c\ld appeal to "r 8 wrongs & protect him aga9/ oppression4 ,he _h no writt5 titles4 ,! bi%op rul$ ! bi%opric z bi%op1 & he rul$ ! e>ldom z repres5tative ( ! cr[n4 ,! *ur*es 7 fill$ ) ,scotti% prie/s subs]vi5t to 8 w4 ,! /ruggle 0 hopeless f ! beg9n+1 b x took a c5tury to r$uce ! peasant nobles ( ,orkney to ! position & rank ( t5ant f>m]s1 & 9 ! meantime ! v>i\s rul]s ( ! isl&s reap$ a ri* h>ve/4 ,bi%op ,tullo*'s rule la/$ = sev5 ye>s1 & 0 foll[$ by six ye>s "u ,bi%op ,&rew4 ,!n 9 #adhe ,h5ry ,/4 ,clair 0 appo9t$ repres5tative ( ! cr[n 9 ,orkney4 ,! ,/4 ,clairs _h always be5 popul> 9 ! isl&s1 & ! isl&]s rejoic$ at ! appo9tm5t ( ,"l ,h5ry4 ,he r$ress$ a numb] ( grievances1 b ! fundam5tal *ange ( udal into feudal :i* _h begun w5t on un*eck$4 ,x 0 too pr(itable a confusion to be put "r4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,"l ,h5ry ,/4 ,clair at ,flodd51 turmoil & confusion reign$ 9 ! e>ldom4 ,8 wid[1 ,lady ,m>g>et ,hepburn1 held ! cr[n l&s 9 ,orkney = ne>ly ?irty ye>s1 b %e 0 q unable to rule ! isl&s4 ,a report got abroad t ! k+ int5d$ to give ,orkney a feudal "l4 ,9 #aebi ! tr\ble came to a head4 ,james ,/4 ,clair1 ! mo/ popul> ( t popul> family1 0 made ,gov]nor ( ,kirkwall ,ca/le1 & put himself at ! head ( ! discont5t$ faction4 ,op5 rebellion foll[$4 ,"l ,william ,/4 ,clair1 son ( ,lady ,m>g>et rema9$ loyal1 & _h to escape to ,cai?ness4 ,alli$ ) ! ,e>l ( ,cai?ness1 ,"l ,william invad$ ! isl&s ) a consid]able =ce4 ,! invad]s 7 met at ,summ]dale 9 ,/5ness by ! rebels "u ,james ,/4 ,clair1 & 7 defeat$ ) great slaught]4 ,_m old /ories ab\t ?is battle /ill exi/4 ,! ,cai?ness =ce l&$ 9 ,orphir1 & on _! m>* !y are said to h enc\nt]$ a wit*1 :om !y consult$ z to ! om5s ( success4 ,%e walk$ be=e !m1 unw9d+ toge!r two balls ( ?read1 "o blue & ! o!r r$4 ,%e ask$ !m to *oose "o ( ! balls z ! symbol ( _! =tune1 & !y *ose ! r$4 ,! r$ ?read 0 ! fir/ to come to an end4 ,unwill+ to accept ?is om51 !y dem&$ t ! wit* %\ld give !m yet ano!r sign4 ,%e !reupon in=m$ ! ,e>l ( ,cai?ness t :i*ev] side lo/ ! fir/ man 9 ! fight w\ld lose ! day4 ,soon aft]w>ds a boy 0 met h]d+ cattle1 & by ord] ( ! e>l he 0 sla94 ,only aft] ! de$ 0 done did !y discov] t ! boy 0 n an ,orcadian b a native ( ,cai?ness4 ,already prep>$ = defeat by ^! bad om5s1 ! invad]s came ^u ! ,orcadian =ce at ,summ]dale4 ,! ,orcadians assail$ !m ) %[]s ( /ones1 & ! ,cai?ness =ce 0 quickly de/roy$4 ,only "o ,orcadian is said to h fall54 ,he1 hav+ dress$ himself 9 ! clo!s ( "o ( ! fall5 enemy1 0 sla9 9 ! dusk ( ! ev5+ z he return$ home4 ,8 "m mi/ook him = "o ( ! invad+ =ce1 & fell$ him by a bl[ ) a /one 9 ! foot ( a /ock+4 ,su* are "s ( ! tales tradition has wov5 r\nd ?is fight4 ,x 0 ! la/ /& ( ! udall]s1 & ! la/ pit*$ battle f\ght on ,orcadian soil1 if we except ! siege ( ,kirkwall ,ca/le dur+ ! rebellion ( ! ,/ew>ts4 ,aft] ! battle ( ,summ]dale ! isl&s /ill rema9$ 9 a v unsettl$ condition1 until 9 #aedj ,james ! ,fif? ?\ght 8 pres5ce necess>y to re/ore tranquillity4 ,! k+ /ay$ ) ! bi%op 9 ,kirkwall1 ?\gh n 9 ! anci5t ,bi%op's ,palace1 :i* _h witness$ ! dea? ( ,k+ ,hakon4 ,! visit ( ! k+ l$ to ! removal ( _m abuses4 ,b 8 dea? 9 #aedb1 & ! long m9ority ( 8 daught]1 ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots1 br\ght back ! =m] evils 9 an aggravat$ =m4 ,= tw5ty ye>s ! records ( ! isl&s are records ( murd]1 viol5ce1 & oppression4 ,! udall]s 7 n[ a comp>atively feeble folk1 b _! wor/ p]iod ( oppression 0 /ill to come4 ,,! ,,/ew>t ,,e>ls4 ,9 #aefe began ! mo/ cruel oppression :i* ! isl&s suff]$ "u ,scotti% rule4 ,"l ,rob]t ,/ew>t1 a son ( ,james ! ,fif? & half-bro!r ( ! ,e>l ( ,moray1 obta9$ a feu *>t] ( ,orkney & ,%etl&4 ,?is grant 0 illegal 9 e way4 ,x 0 n sanction$ by ,p>liam5t1 & x dispos$ n only ( ! actual prop]ty :i* ! cr[n ( ,scotl& _h acquir$ 9 ! isl&s1 b ( ! l&s & s]vices ( ! udall]s or free l&[n]s1 :i* _h nev] belong$ to ,norway or ,d5m>k1 & c\ld n !re=e h be5 acquir$ by ,scotl&4 ,9 ex*ange = ! rev5ues ( ! ,abbey ( ,holyrood1 ! new e>l also obta9$ possession ( ! l&s & rev5ues ( ! ,bi%opric ( ,orkney4 ,to oppress ! udall]s s z to compel !m to accept feus f him 0 ! unv>y+ object ( ,e>l ,rob]t's policy4 ,he aggravat$ ! burd5s ( ! isl&]s by mak+ !m use weights & measures ( 8 own devis+1 & increas$ _! liabilities to him by a co9age ( 8 own valuation4 ,he rais$ ! r5ts ( ! t5ants to ! limits ( endurance1 made e occasional or special paym5t an annual burd51 impos$ p>i% taxes z h\sehold taxes1 & by pret5d$ decrees ( ! ,?+1 or c\ncil1 evict$ _m udall]s )\t a %[ ( ju/ice4 ,heavy tolls & duties 7 laid on all fi%]m5 & trad]s :o came to ! isl&s1 & secret enc\ragem5t 0 giv5 to pirates1 ^: booty 0 %>$ by ! e>l4 ,! m bitt] ! compla9ts ( ! isl&]s1 ! m griev\s became _! oppression4 ,to prev5t ^! compla9ts rea*+ ! e>s ( ! au?orities 9 ,ed9burgh1 ! e>l =bade any "o to cross ! fir?s or f]ries )\t 8 p]mission4 ,x began also to be :isp]$ t ,e>l ,rob]t 0 plott+ to sev] once m ! connection betwe5 ,orkney & ! ,scotti% cr[n4 ,he _h made additions to ! old palace at ,birsay1 & on a /one ov] ! pr9cipal gate he _h caus$ to be inscrib$3 ,,dom9us ,,rob]tus ,,/ew>tus ,,filius ,,jacobi ,,qu9ti ,,rex ,,scotorum ,,hoc ,,opus ,,in/ruxit--t is1 8,e>l ,rob]t ,/ew>t1 son ( ,james ! ,fif?1 ,k+ ( ! ,scots1 erect$ ?is build+40 ,^? :o "k a little ,lat9 w obs]ve t by 8 us+ ! nom9ative case rex1 x is ,e>l ,rob]t himself & n ,james ! ,fif? :om he describes z 8,k+ ( ! ,scots40 ,?is 0 probably a m]e mi/ake 9 ! e>l's ,lat91 b a mu* grav] mean+ 0 atta*$ to x by ! ,scotti% ,k+ & ,p>liam5t :5 ! :isp] ( treason someh[ rea*$ _! e>s4 ,! compla9ts ( ! udall]s might be unhe$$1 b ! accusation ( treason 0 a mu* m s]i\s matt]4 ,! e>l 0 summon$ to ,ed9burgh to answ] ! *>ges aga9/ him4 ,he 0 kept = "s "t a prison] 9 ,l9li?g[ ,ca/le1 b ! /orm quickly blew ov]4 ,no trial ev] took place4 ,t ordeal ,e>l ,rob]t escap$ by ! help ( 8 p[]ful fri5ds & relatives2 & n only s1 b 9 #aeha he 0 once m grant$ ! ,e>ldom ( ,orkney & ,%etl&1 ) ext5d$ p[]s4 ,:5 ,rob]t ,/ew>t di$1 ! isl&s 7 grant$ to 8 son1 ,patrick ,/ew>t1 ! mo/ cruel oppressor ( all4 ,skilful 9 tyranny & extortion z ,e>l ,rob]t _h be51 8 son %[$ /ill m ability & +5uity 9 8 evil c\rses4 ,! multiplication ( enactm5ts & p5alties = ! mo/ trivial (f5ces1 confiscation1 torture1 & judicial murd]--^! 7 ! additions ,e>l ,patrick made to ! ma*9]y ( oppression us$ by 8 fa!r4 ,he _h palaces built = him at ,scall[ay & at ,kirkwall by ! same =c$ lab\r t _h already re>$ ,e>l ,rob]t's palace 9 ,birsay4 ,b ,e>l ,patrick's c>e] is be/ describ$ 9 ! words ( ,mack5zie3-- 8,e>l ,patrick--/ill rememb]$ 9 ,orkney tradition z #8,black ,pate'--0 a man ( k+ly ideas1 & _h 8 lot be5 ca/ 9 ,egypt in/ead ( 9 ,orkney1 w\ld h done v well z "o ( ! ,ph>aohs4 #8,heav5 is high & ! ,cz> is f> away1' says a ,russian prov]b4 ,orkney is f> f ,holyrood & f>!r f ,london1 & ! e>l did 8 own pleasure 9 8 doma91 )\t hav+ ! fe> ( ! di/ant k+ be=e 8 eyes4 8,mo/ a/\nd+ & extraord9>y 0 ! sy/em ( tyranny & extortion :i* he c>ri$ on4 ,he accus$ "o & ano!r ( ! g5try ( ! isl&s ( high treason1 & tri$ !m 9 8 own c\rt4 ,b x 0 n 8 object to puni% ^! g5tlem5 z traitors aga9/ ! k+4 ,9 t case _! =feit$ e/ates w\ld g to ! k+1 :i* w\ld be no pr(it to ! e>l4 ,! e>l 0 n s simple4 ,! fright5$ udall]s 7 glad en\gh to comp\nd ) ! =midable e>l by mak+ ov] to him a portion ( _! l&s to save ! rema9d] & _! own necks4 8,! ,orkney pot5tate dealt 9 exactions ( e description4 ,he extort$ taxes & duties4 ,he creat$ f]ries & levi$ exorbitant tolls on !m4 ,he compell$ ! p to "w = him all mann] ( "w4 ,he =c$ !m to r[ 8 boats & man 8 %ips1 to toil 9 8 qu>ries1 to convey /ones & lime = ! build+ ( 8 palace & p>k walls1 & to p]=m :atev] o!r k9ds ( slave-lab\r he *ose to dem&1 #8)\t ei!r meat or dr9k or hire4' 8,! ,cz> ?\gh f> away sometimes he>s at la/4 ,! do+s ( ?is tyrant ( ! isles attract$ ! att5tion ( ! law4 ,he 0 seiz$ & put 9 w>d 9 ,dumb>ton ,ca/le4 ,:at s*emes 7 9 8 pr\d1 fi]ce head x is difficult to guess4 ,?is is kn[n1 t1 "u 8 in/ructions1 8 son ,rob]t occupi$ ! ca/le ( ,kirkwall ) arm$ m51 =tifi$ ! ca!dral1 & /ood ready to hold 8 own4 8,z soon z x became kn[n 9 ,ed9burgh t ,orkney 0 9 rebellion1 ! k+'s ,secret ,c\ncil dispat*$ ! ,e>l ( ,cai?ness to br+ x "u4 ,two great cannons 7 :eel$ d[n f ,ed9burgh ,ca/le & %ipp$ at ,lei? along ) a /rong milit>y =ce4 ,! exp$ition l&$ safely )9 a mile & a half ( ,kirkwall4 ,! great cannons 7 po9t$ aga9/ ! ca/le4 ,!y %ot & got _! answ] 9 %ot4 ,! siege cont9u$ ab\t a mon?1 :5 ! rebels gave 94 ,cai?ness return$ to ,ed9burgh ) ,rob]t ,/ew>t & o!r prison]s1 & ! two great cannons pass$ up ! ,high ,/reet 9 triumph1 to ! s\nd ( drum & trumpet1 ) ! keys ( ,kirkwall ,ca/le hang+ at _! muzzles4 8,rob]t ,/ew>t 0 condemn$ to dea? & hang$ at ! ,m>ket ,cross along ) five ( 8 accomplices4 ,! p piti$ him greatly1 = x 0 8 fa!r's s*em+ t _h l$ him to de/ruction4 ,8 fa!r's execution soon foll[$4 ,! m9i/]s :o tri$ to prep>e him = dea?1 f9d+ him s ignorant t he c\ld n say ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ask$ ! ,c\ncil to delay 8 execution = a few days1 till he c\ld be bett] in=m$4 ,! reque/ 0 grant$1 & !n he w5t 8 way into ! great d>kness40 ,! rebellion ( ,e>l ,patrick l$ to ! abolition ( ! ,?+ & ! anci5t laws ( ,orkney & ,%etl&1 b !re 0 little *ange = ! bett] 9 ! gov]nm5t ( ! isl&s4 ,!y 7 assign$ to "o nobleman aft] ano!r1 no "o hav+ any int]e/ 9 _! improvem5t4 ,x 01 inde$1 n till ! eighte5? c5tury t any v great ef=t 0 made to give !m ! b5efits ( good gov]nm5t & a *ance to rega9 some:at ( _! anci5t prosp]ity4 ,illu/ration3 ,pot ,qu]ns & ,saddle ,qu]n4 ,,! ,,eighte5? ,,& ,,n9ete5? ,,c5turies4 ,dur+ ! long p]iod ( oppression by ! ,scotti% e>ls1 ! /ate ( our isl&s _h be5 inde$ deplorable1 & recov]y 0 sl[4 ,! _s 0 cru%$ out ( ! p4 ,indu/ry 0 va9 :5 plund] 0 sure to foll[4 ,agriculture c\ld n advance :5 ! ali5 l&lord claim$ all ! pr(it4 ,an ,orkney writ] ( ! eighte5? c5tury gives a sad picture ( ! condition ( ! c\ntry 9 8 day3-- 8,! inhabitants1 9 g5]al1 are v polite1 hospitable1 & k9d to /rang]s2 b ,i am sorry to say t s little is indu/ry enc\rag$ 9 our c\ntry t no means c be assign$ by :i* ! l[] class ( p c get _! bread4 ,by reason ( hav+ no employm5t !y mu/ live v wret*$ly2 !y become indol5t & lazy to ! la/ degree1 insomu* t r ?an raise cabbage = _! own use !y w /eal f o!rs2 & in/ead ( be+ at pa9s to prep>e ! turf1 :i* !y h = ! m]e tr\ble ( cutt+ up & dry+1 yet1 r ?an d s1 !y w /eal x f ^? :o are ri*] or m indu/ri\s ?an !mselves4444 ,e ,saturday1 :i* day !y are privileg$ to beg1 a troop ( mis]able1 ragg$ creatures are se5 go+ f door to door1 almo/ num]\s en\gh to plund] ! :ole t[n 7 !y to ex]t !mselves aga9/ x 9 an ho/ile mann]--at lea/1 if _! val\r 0 9 proportion to _! di/ress40 ,! dawn ( a bright] day came sl[ly1 & x is difficult n[ to trace ! /eps by :i* ! prosp]ity ( ! isl&s 0 re/or$4 ,agriculture rema9$ 9 a v primitive /ate till ! n9ete5? c5tury _h well begun4 ,an ,orkney 8t[n%ip0 _h a v diff]5t appe>ance 9 ^? days f :at we n[ see4 ,! f>ms 7 n divid$ f "o ano!r2 ea* pat* ( cultivat$ gr\nd belong$ to all ! f>m]s 9 ! t[n%ip1 :o %>$ x on ! 8run-rig0 sy/em1 ea* 8rig0 be+ work$ by a diff]5t own]4 ,! only pa/ure 0 ! natural grass ( mead[ & hill1 & ?is also 0 common prop]ty4 ,a 8hill-dyke10 usually ( turf1 surr\nd$ ! corn-l&1 & =m$ a some:at indiff]5t protection aga9/ ! flocks ( %eep1 cattle1 horses1 & pigs :i* f\nd _! summ] food on ! 8hill40 ,! names 8,slap0 & 8,gr9d10 borne by f>mh\ses 9 _m di/ricts1 rem9d u ( ! gateways 9 ^! old hill dykes4 ,) ! corn-l& subdivid$ 9 ?is way1 & ! pa/ure-l& undivid$1 !re 0 no inducem5t = any f>m] to improve 8 me?ods ( agriculture4 ,f>m implem5ts 7 ( ! rude/ k9d4 ,! soil 0 scrat*$ r ?an till$ by means ( wood5 pl\ghs ) only "o /ilt or h&le1 a model ( :i* may be se5 9 ! museum 9 ,/romness4 ,!re 7 no c>ts2 loads 7 c>ri$ panni]-fa%ion on ! backs ( horses1 along ! r\gh tracks or bridle-pa?s :i* s]v$ = roads4 ,( ! old /yle ( f>mh\se sc>cely a relic n[ rema9s4 ,"o entrance usually s]v$ ! f>m] & 8 cattle1 :o liv$ "u ! same ro(1 ?\gh 9 sep>ate ap>tm5ts4 ,9 ! kit*51 or 8b-end10 ! fireplace 0 simply a rais$ he>? 9 ! c5tre ( ! room1 ) a l[ wall or 8back0 aga9/ :i* ! peat-fire 0 built4 ,!re 0 no *imney1 b a l>ge op5+ 9 ! ro( all[$ ! smoke to escape 9 a leisurely fa%ion4 ,beh9d ! 8back0 !re 0 (t5 accommodation = p\ltry1 calves1 & o!r dome/ic animals4 ,! bett] class ( h\ses _h beyond ! kit*5 a p>l\r1 or 8b5-end10 :i* 0 us$ only on great occasions4 ,r\gh & primitive z 0 _! mann] ( life1 yet at ! beg9n+ ( la/ c5tury ! ,orcadians _h already made a v consid]able advance 9 prosp]ity4 ,a writ] ( ! "t tells u t ! small f>m]s _h m money among !m ?an c\ld be f\nd among p ( simil> /ation 9 any o!r "p ( ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,x 0 n till ! second qu>t] ( ! c5tury t ! l& 0 divid$ up into sep>ate f>ms1 & mod]n me?ods ( agriculture began to be employ$1 ) rotation ( crops & improv$ implem5ts4 ,a little lat] ! beg9n+ 0 made ( ! sy/em ( roads :i* n[ spreads 9 a network ov] ! isl&s4 ,:ile agriculture 0 yet 9 its infancy1 ! isl&s 7 mu* b5efit$ by v>i\s =ms ( indu/ry & occupation :i* h n[ mo/ly fall5 into disuse1 z ! ne$ = _! help has pass$ away4 ,"o ( ^! indu/ries1 introduc$ t[>ds ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 0 ! sp9n+ ( flax & ! weav+ ( l954 ,flax 0 l>gely gr[n 9 ! isl&s at "o "t1 & ! dress+1 sp9n+1 & weav+ ( x 0 a common occupation4 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ! manufacture ( /raw-plait 0 introduc$1 & soon took ! place ( ! l95 indu/ry4 ,x is said t ov] six ?\s& wom5 & girls 7 at "o "t employ$ 9 /raw-plait+4 ,?\gh ! work]s 7 paid b little1 & t usually n 9 money b 9 goods1 ! /raw-plait+ increas$ consid]ably ! weal? & ! trade ( ! c\nty4 ,! manufacture ( kelp 0 introduc$ e>ly 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 & gave occupation to _m ( ! inhabitants4 ,l>ge pr(its 7 made 9 ?is bus9ess1 n s mu*1 ( c\rse1 by ! actual work]s z by ! l&lords & o!r ag5ts :o export$ ! kelp4 ,at "o "t1 inde$1 x seem$ z if ! att5tion giv5 to ?is indu/ry 0 to prove a h9drance to ! advance ( agriculture1 :i* is ! only f\ndation ( true prosp]ity 9 ^! isl&s2 & :5 o!r sub/ances began to take ! place ( kelp1 ! decl9e ( ?is trade 0 really a b5efit to ! isl&s4 ,fi%+ has always be5 an important indu/ry 9 ,orkney1 b x 0 n till ne> ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury t ! improvem5ts 9 boats & 9 ge> made ! fi%]ies a really valuable asset to ! isl&]s4 ,fi%+1 h[ev]1 _c be call$ "o ( ^? tempor>y indu/ries :i* we m5tion$4 ,! h]r+ fi%]y & ! :ite fi%+1 z well z o!r bran*es ( ?is indu/ry1 h cont9u$ to increase1 & next to agriculture1 fi%+ is ! great natural s\rce ( weal? = ! p4 ,dur+ ! c5turies n[ "u our notice1 ,orkney _h a clos] connection ) ! seaf>+ life ?an x has to-day4 ,:5 all trade 0 c>ri$ on by sail+ %ips1 & :5 we/]ly w9ds 7 q z common z !y n[ are1 vessels pass+ ?r\gh ! ,p5tl& ,fir? = ,am]ica or else:]e f\nd ,/romness a conv5i5t port ( call1 & its h>b\r 0 (t5 cr[d$ ) %ipp+4 ,?is 0 especially ! case dur+ ! ,fr5* w>s ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 :5 ! ,engli% ,*annel 0 avoid$ by %ipp+ z be+ too ne> ! enemy's %ores4 ,fleets ( trad+ %ips us$ to ga!r at ,/romness :ile wait+ a convoy ( m5-(-w> to accompany !m across ! ,atlantic4 ,an int]e/+ relic ( ^? busy times 9 ,/romness is ! old ,w>eh\se & ,w>eh\se ,pi] at ! nor? end ( t t[n4 ,?is /ore 0 built ab\t ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury = ! conv5i5ce ( ! rice %ips f ,am]ica1 z be+ ! safe/ place = !m to dis*>ge _! c>goes4 ,be=e ! end ( ! c5tury1 h[ev]1 ! ,/romness ,w>eh\se 0 des]t$ 9 fav\r ( ,c[es 9 ! ,isle ( ,wight4 ,a writ] ( ! "t makes out a /rong case 9 fav\r ( ,/romness & aga9/ ! ,engli% ,*annel1 b ! fact t ,c[es is ne>] to ,london seems to h settl$ ! matt] 9 fav\r ( t port4 ,dur+ ^! prolong$ naval w>s1 x is said t z _m z twelve ?\s& ,orkneym5 s]v$ 9 ! navy4 ,_m ( !m w5t z volunte]s1 b probably mo/ ( !m s]v$ aga9/ _! w1 z ! pressgang 0 v active among ! isl&s4 ,_m a "y sailor :o began 8 voyage on a peaceful trad] 0 soon transf]r$ to "o ( ,8 ,maje/y's %ips4 ,traditions ( ^? tr\bl\s times are /ill pres]v$ among _m families 9 ! isl&s4 ,hundr$s ( ^! m5 7 nev] he>d ( aga91 = ^? 7 n ! days ( telegraphs & w> correspond5ts4 ,! ye>s pass$1 & ! son or ! bro!r did n return1 b :5 or h[ he fell 8 fri5ds nev] knew4 ,x 0 a heavy w>-tax ! isl&s paid2 ! full ext5t ( x has nev] be5 disclos$4 ,ab\t #agdj ! %ips ( ! ,hudson's ,bay ,company began to visit ! isl&s1 n only to wait = a w9d to />t !m on _! annual voyage1 b to engage lab\r]s & tradesm5 to c>ry on ! fur trade among ! ,indians ( ! we/ & nor? ( ,canada4 ,! connection ?us begun is n yet q ext9ct1 b 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury !re 0 a con/ant /ream ( "y m5 fl[+ to ! ,f> ,we/4 ,at "o "t f fifty to a hundr$ m5 left ,/romness = ,hudson ,bay e summ]4 ,"s rema9$ z pione]s & coloni/s2 "s return$ aft] a soj\rn ( five ye>s or m1 ) a tidy sum ( money to />t !m z f>m]s or tradesm5 at home4 ,_m ( !m :o settl$ 9 ! ,great ,lone ,l& rose to high positions 9 ! ,company's s]vice4 ,! mo/ fam\s ( ?is b& ( empire-build]s 0 ,dr4 ,john ,rae1 ! discov]] ( ! fate ( ! ill-/>r$ ,frankl9 ,exp$ition1 & a not$ ,arctic explor]1 ^: monum5t may be se5 9 ! nave ( ,/4 ,magnus ,ca!dral4 ,! ,company !n rul$ ov] ! great] portion ( :at is n[ ! ,dom9ion ( ,canada4 ,! names ( ,=t ,york1 ,moose ,factory1 & ,r$ ,riv] 7 z famili> to ! ,orkney boys ( ^? days z ,ed9burgh1 ,glasg[1 & ,ab]de5 are to u to-day4 ,b ,canada *ang$ ev5 m ?an ,orkney dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & ! great ,hudson's ,bay ,company h n[ h&$ ov] _! va/ t]ritories to ! rule ( ! ,dom9ion4 ,! fur trade /ill exi/s 9 ! ,nor?-,we/1 & !re are ,orkneym5 /ill 9 ! employm5t ( ! ,company2 b ! days h gone by :5 ?is 0 "o ( ! *ief indu/ries ( ! w&]-lov+ sons ( our isl&s4 ,aft] ! 8,nor'-,wa/10 z ! ,hudson ,bay s]vice 0 call$1 ! 8,/raits0 _h ! next claim on our y\?4 ,! ,davis ,/rait :ale-fi%+ fleet made an annual visit to our isl&s to complete _! crews4 ,?is 0 9 ! spr+ or 8vore10 :5 ! crops 7 9 ! gr\nd1 & _m m51 bo? "y & middle-ag$1 look$ to ! annual :al+ trip to ! nor? z a means ( ga91 j z _! ,norse ance/ors did to ! annual 8vore-vik+0 raid on ! ri*] %ores ( ! ,s\?4 ,?is also has pass$ away2 ! h>poon & :ale-lance are r>ely se5 9 ! isl&s2 :ales & :al+ fleet alike h almo/ become ext9ct4 ,b :ile agriculture 0 /ill 9 its infancy 9 ,orkney1 ! 8,/raits0 gave mu*-ne$$ employm5t & mode/ ga9s to _m ( our h>dy =efa!rs4 ,! g5]al t5d5cy ( life 9 ,orkney has be5 away f dep5d5ce ^u ! sea = a liv+1 & t[>ds agriculture & ! trade & comm]ce :i* x br+s ) x4 ,9 its me?ods ( f>m+ & 9 its g5]al prosp]ity ! c\nty n[ comp>es well ) any o!r "p ( ! k+dom4 ,b mo/ ( ?is progress has be5 made dur+ ! la/ half c5tury or s4 ,x 0 9 #ahcc t ! ,ab]de51 ,lei?1 & ,clyde ,%ipp+ ,company1 n[ ! ,nor? ( ,scotl& & ,orkney & ,%etl& ,navigation ,company1 fir/ decid$ to s5d "o ( _! /eam]s--! ,velocity--to call at ,kirkwall4 ,! call 0 made once a =tnight1 & only dur+ ! mon?s ( ,june1 ,july1 & ,augu/4 ,! mails 7 !n c>ri$ across ! ,p5tl& ,fir? 9 a small boat4 ,! gr[? 9 traffic s9ce t "t is indicat$ by ! fact t ! trade & comm]ce ( ! isl&s n[ requires ! weekly call ( two /eam]s at ,kirkwall & ?ree at ,/romness1 ) a daily mail /eam] to bo? t[ns1 9 addition to num]\s occasional trips ( o!r /eam]s & sail+ vessels1 especially dur+ ! fi%+ season1 :ile f\r small] /eam]s ma9ta9 communication betwe5 ! v>i\s isl&s4 ,! ,orkney f>m] /ill has a some:at nigg>dly soil & a /ormy climate to cont5d )4 ,8 acres are few1 & 8 boys w (t5 turn to ri*] l&s to seek _! =tune4 ,b life 9 ^! isl&s to-day is easy & com=table comp>$ ) :at x 0 dur+ any ( ! t5 c5turies ^: hi/ory we h pass$ 9 brief review4 ,! boys & girls :o aim at seek+ weal? & fame 9 o!r l&s1 ?\gh by o!r means ?an ^? ( _! ,vik+ ance/ors1 may n[ set =? on _! voyage z well equipp$ by education & o!rwise z ! y\? ( any c\ntry 9 ! _w4 ,^? :o rema9 at home w /ill f9d a wor?y task 9 c>ry+ on ! improvem5t ( ! homel&1 z _! fa!rs h done2 = :atev] /age ( progress we may atta91 x is nev] m]ely an end b also a beg9n+4 ,illu/ration3 ,old-fa%ion$ ,fireplace ,"p ,,ii4--,! ,isles & ! ,folk4 ,a ,,survey ,,( ,,! ,,isl&s4 ,on ,wide=d ,hill4 ,!re is no bett] view-po9t f :i* to make a g5]al survey ( ! ,orcadian ,ar*ipelago ?an ,wide=d ,hill4 ,x is less ?an half ! height ( ! ,w>d ,hill ( ,hoy1 b x is at once m c5tral & m easily accessible4 ,! ,w>d ,hill ( ,orphir exce$s x 9 height by ne>ly "o hundr$ & fifty feet1 & af=ds a mu* f9] view to ! we/w>d2 b ,wide=d ,hill is m isolat$ f o!r hills1 & f its summit we c obta9 a bett] g5]al outlook ov] ! isl&s4 ,wide=d ,hill rises to a height ( sev5 hundr$ & =ty feet1 &1 /&+ )9 two miles ( ,kirkwall1 x may be easily approa*$ ei!r f ! ma9 ,/romness road ov] ! ,ayre1 or f ! old road above ! site ( ! ,lammas m>ket4 ,if we *oose ! "r k9d ( day1 :5 a cool nor!rly breeze gives u a horizon free f haze1 & :5 ?9 gray cl\ds veil ! sun only at int]vals1 we %all see f ,wide=d a panorama :i* surpasses 9 lovel9ess & 9 human int]e/ t se5 f _m a m\nta9 top4 ,! *>m ( ,orkney sc5]y lies 9 its col\r r ?an its =m1 9 its lum9\s di/ances r ?an its imm$iate =egr\nd1 9 its re/fulness r ?an its gr&eur4 ,! l&scape does n ov]:elm ! behold] ) a s5se ( 8 puny insignificance1 z great m\nta9s are apt to d2 x w9s 8 love by sugge/ions ( peace & ( home4 ,b let u look ar\nd & note :at we see4 ,f> to ! s\?w>d lies ! silv]y /reak ( ! ,p5tl& ,fir?1 v innoc5t n[ 9 its summ] calm4 ,beyond x /ret* ! l[ %ores ( ,cai?ness2 & 9 ! blue di/ance we see ,morv5 & ! m\nta9s ( ,su!rl&1 ! 8s\!rn l&0 ( ! ,norsem54 ,ne>] is ! gre5 expanse ( ,s\? ,ronaldsay1 mu* =e%ort5$ to ! view1 ) ! ligh?\se t[]s ( ! ,p5tl& ,sk]ries %[+ beyond1 & ! isl& ( ,burray at its ne>] end4 ,to ! "r1 ov] ,scapa ,fl[1 rises ! long br[n ridge ( ,hoy1 sep>at$ by /reaks ( %imm]+ sea f ,flotta1 ,f>a1 ,cava1 & its o!r neighb\rs4 ,v /]n & solemn look its hea?-clad heights z ! pass+ %ad[s fall across !m4 ,! :ole ( ! ,ea/ ,ma9l& lies at our feet--,de]ness1 bright & sunny1 ) ! ,m\l ,head /ret*+ boldly out to sea2 ne>] is ,/4 ,&rews1 & ,holm1 half hidd5 by ! ridge ( high gr\nd 9 ! nor? ( t p>i%2 &1 ne>] /ill1 ,/4 ,ola1 deeply cut into by ! ,bays ( ,kirkwall & ,scapa1 :i* look z if !y only await$ ! next spr+ tide to jo9 h&s across ! n>r[ i/hmus1 ! ,pe]ie ,sea ly+ ready to d its "p4 ,illu/ration3 ,r\nd ab\t ,kirkwall4 ,kirkwall1 ! 8,kirk ,voe0 ( ! ,norsem51 is m wor?y ( its "n to-day ?an :5 ! little *ur* ( ,/4 ,olaf 0 ! *ief object 9 ! l&scape4 ,approa* x h[ we may1 ! great ,ca!dral ( ,/4 ,magnus arre/s our att5tion4 ,se5 f ,wide=d ,hill ! t[] does n break ! skyl9e1 z x does f ! sea2 yet ! mass ( sombre r$di% masonry ass]ts itself1 & dom9ates ! pe>l-gray clu/] ( walls & ro(s t spreads ar\nd1 z x has done = ne>ly eight hundr$ ye>s4 8,tame0 & 8un9t]e/+0 are ! words (t5 us$ to describe ! appe>ance ( our isl& capital4 ,x does n seem s to-day4 ,z ! eye sweeps d[n ov] ! purple %\ld] ( ! hill to ! gre5 fields bel[1 & passes ov] ! silv] gleam ( ! wat] ) brok5 reflections ( t[] & gable beyond1 x re/s ^u a picture fill$ ) _m *>ms ( l9e1 mass1 & col\r1 f :i* ! deep cool gre5 ( tree & %rub is n :olly want+4 ,op5 to ! nor? & ! s\? by ! 8,vik+ pa?0 ( ! sea1 & jo9$ to ! ea/ & ! we/ by m mod]n pa?s1 ! ?9 :ite l9es ( curv+ roadway1 ,kirkwall %[s itself ! natural focus ( our isl& comm]ce & social life1 & ! c5tre ( a wide & fair l&scape4 ,nor?w>d & we/w>d next we turn our view4 ,kirkwall ,bay op5s out into ! 8,wide ,fiord10 :i* d\btless gave our hill its "n1 & we/w>d into ! 8,aurrida ,fiord10 or ,sea-tr\t ,fir?1 :i* fir/ gave its "n to ! p>i% ( ,fir?1 & !n receiv$ 9 ex*ange its pres5t "n1 ! ,bay ( ,fir?4 ,its %ores are l[ & well cultivat$1 b to ! nor? rises ! d>k br[n ridge =m$ by ! hills ( ,fir? & ( ,r5dall1 :i* hide f our view mo/ ( ! p>i% ( ,evie & p>ts ( ,h>ray & ,birsay4 ,to ! left ( ?is ridge1 ?r\gh ! c5tral valley ( ,fir? & ,/5ness1 a *>m+ vi/a op5s out4 ,a ri* & f]tile sweep ( l[ gr\nd =ms ! bas9 ( ! great lo*s1 & on ! long p59sula betwe5 !m we c di/+ui% ! ,/&+ ,/ones ris+ z ne$le po9ts aga9/ ! blue expanse ( ! ,lo* ( ,/5ness4 ,! gre5 m\nd ( ,mae%[e1 too1 is cle>ly visible4 ,f> away1 ov] ! cultivat$ slopes ( ,s&wick1 we see ! s(t %imm] ( ! ,atlantic1 & to ! nor?w>d ! undulat+ skyl9e ( ! ,birsay ,hills4 ,due we/ f :]e we /& ! view is %ut 9 by ! long ridge ( ! ,keelylang ,hills & ! bold outl9e ( ! ,w>d ,hill ( ,orphir1 & ! faire/ "p ( ! ,we/ ,ma9l&1 ,/romness1 ) its bays & islets1 is beyond our k54 ,to enjoy a view ( ^! we mu/ take our /& ^u ! ,w>d ,hill itself1 b ?is w come into ! programme ( ano!r day4 ,( ! isl&-/udd$ sea to ! nor? & ea/ we h n yet spok54 ,we c h>dly dis5tangle ! maze ( s\nds & bays1 ( holms & promontories1 except by ! aid ( a map1 & if we are wise we %all h "o 9 our pocket4 ,) ?is be=e u ! maze becomes cle>4 ,! bold hills ( ,r\say /& cle> ( ! ,ma9l& to ! nor?1 ) ! l[] isl&s ( ,gairsay1 ,wyre or ,veira1 & ,egilsay ne> at h&4 ,we/ray is all b hidd51 b ! blue ridge ( ,eday /&s boldly =?1 %utt+ out f view ! great] portion ( ,s&ay & ,nor? ,ronaldsay4 ,! tall ligh?\se pill> on ! ,/>t1 h[ev]1 is cle>ly se54 ,close to ,kirkwall ,bay1 & protect+ x f ! ea/]n sea1 lies ! f]tile isl& ( ,%ap9say1 ) ,balf\r ,ca/le /&+ 9 cle> view among its g>d5s4 ,beyond we see ! bold outl9e ( ,/ronsay1 & to ! s\? ( x ,ausk]ry & its ligh?\se4 ,n[ we let our eye re/ on ! horizon1 a %>p & cle> l9e :]e we c trace ! smoke ( trawl]s & o!r craft :i* are !mselves hidd5 by ! great curve ( ! ocean pla94 ,!re1 "r ov] ,balf\r ,ca/le1 some?+ cat*es our eye4 ,x might be ! smoke ( a pass+ /eam]1 b x does n *ange its =m z we look2 x /&s cle> & %>p1 a t9y blue pyramid %[+ ov] ! horizon4 ,!re is only "o ?+ x c be--! ,fair ,isle1 di/ant "s sixty miles f :]e we /&6 ,only on r>e occasions is ?is lonely sea-girt rock s free f cl\d & mi/ t its top is ?us to be di/+ui%$4 ,yet if we "k :]e to look = x1 we may occasionally see x z we d to-day2 & x is useful to rememb] t f ,wide=d ,hill its be>+ is directly ov] ,balf\r ,ca/le4 ,among ! ,nor? ,isles4 ,a glance at ! map ( ,orkney w %[ t mo/ ( ! important isl&s lie nor? ( ! ,ma9l&4 ,! t]m 8,nor? ,isles10 h[ev]1 is g5]ally us$ to mean only ! m di/ant ( ^!--,/ronsay1 ,eday1 ,s&ay1 ,nor? ,ronaldsay1 & ,we/ray1 ) ! small] isl&s adjac5t to !m4 ,^! c be visit$ by /eam] f ,kirkwall 9 "o day1 ) ! exception ( ,nor? ,ronaldsay2 & at ! same "t a good view c be obta9$ ( ! ne>] isl&s--,%ap9say & ,r\say1 ) ! small] gr\p ( ,egilsay1 ,wyre1 & ,gairsay4 ,nor? ,ronaldsay may also be se5 on ! f> nor?-ea/]n horizon4 ,leav+ ,kirkwall pi] 9 ! e>ly morn+1 we sail nor?w>ds out ( ! bay1 :5 ! ,/r+ op5s on our "r1 & ,%ap9say is close at h&4 ,!re1 %elt]$ by ,helli> ,holm1 we notice ! bay ( ,ellwick1 :]e1 9 #abfc1 ,k+ ,haco moor$ 8 hundr$ %ips :5 on t ill-/>r$ exp$ition :i* end$ at ,l>gs4 ,we/ ( ! bay /&s ,balf\r ,ca/le1 ! f9e/ specim5 ( mod]n dome/ic ar*itecture 9 ! isl&s1 surr\nd$ by its not$ g>d5s4 ,! sea to ! we/ ( ,%ap9say is dott$ ) %oals & sk]ries2 b z we pass ,gairsay on ! left & sail r\nd ,galt ,ness1 ! nor?-we/]n po9t ( ,%ap9say1 we f9d op5 wat] be=e u1 & /e] nor?-ea/ t[>ds ,eday1 pass+ ! ,gre5 ,holms on our way4 ,eday1 ! fir/ isl& at :i* we call1 is hilly & hea?-clad1 ) abundance ( peat4 ,ev] s9ce ! days ( ,torf ,e9>1 no d\bt1 x has yield$ a supply ( peat = su* unprovid$ isl&s z ,s&ay1 up to mod]n times :5 coal has come into m g5]al use4 ,ev5 yet ! peat indu/ry is consid]able1 & ,eday peats h be5 rec5tly se5 9 use = dry+ malt 9 a di/ill]y ne> ,ed9burgh4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ "p ( ,eday1 h[ev]1 is ! nor? end ( ! isl&1 :]e our /eam] w call lat] 9 ! day4 ,illu/ration3 ,,orkney ,,isl&s ,f ,eday we cross to ,/ronsay1 keep+ to ! nor? ( t isl&1 & !n turn+ s\?w>ds to ! village ( ,:itehall 9 ,papa ,s\nd1 protect$ on ! nor?-ea/ by ! small isl& ( ,papa ,/ronsay4 ,?is %elt]$ road/ead s ne> ! op5 ea/]n sea has long be5 an important c5tre ( ! h]r+ fi%]y4 ,ab\t ! middle ( la/ c5tury z _m z f\r hundr$ ,orkney boats & _m f ! ,scotti% ma9l& f\nd an*orage 9 ,papa ,s\nd4 ,9 mod]n times ,/ronsay has aga9 ris5 9 importance z a fi%+ /ation4 ,/ronsay is "o ( ! be/ agricultural di/ricts 9 ,orkney1 & is not$ = ! size & ! excell5ce ( its f>ms4 ,ne> ,lamb ,head1 9 ! extreme s\?-ea/ ( ,/ronsay1 are ! rema9s ( a v ext5sive pi]1 erect$ be=e ! "t ( ! ,norsem54 ,leav+ ,:itehall pi]1 we next sail due nor? across ,s&ay ,s\nd to ,kettlet(t ,bay 9 ,s&ay4 ,?is bay & t ( ,ott]swick 9 ! nor? af=d safe an*orage2 b ! l[1 flat isl&1 ) its num]\s project+ po9ts & sk]ries1 pres5ts _m dang]s to navigation4 ,z e>ly z #aebi a ligh?\se 0 erect$ on ! extreme ea/]n po9t ( ! isl&1 & 0 call$ ! ,/>1 f :i*1 x is said1 ! headl& d]iv$ its "n1 ,/>t ,po9t4 ,long aft] t "t1 h[ev]1 ! isl& 0 not$ = ! numb] ( %ipwrecks :i* occurr$ on its %ores4 ,s&ay is emphatically ! 8,s& ,isl&40 ,its soil is s&y & g5]ally f]tile1 & its surface is l[ & flat4 ,only 9 ! s\?-we/ is !re any ris+ gr\nd1 :]e ! highe/ po9t 9 ! isl& rea*es a height ( a little ov] two hundr$ feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,orkney ,villages4--,i4 #a4 ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,hope1 ,s\? ,ronaldsay4 #b4 ,pi][all1 ,we/ray4 #c4 ,:itehall1 ,/ronsay4 #d4 ,f9/[n1 ,fir?4 ,f ,kettlet(t pi] our c\rse is n[ s\?-we/1 until we d\ble ,spur ,ness1 ! mo/ s\!rly po9t ( ,s&ay2 !n turn+ nor?w>ds1 we make = ,calf ,s\nd1 at ! nor? end ( ,eday4 ,?is %elt]$ *annel1 betwe5 ,eday & ! ,calf ( ,eday1 is memorable z ! sc5e ( ! capture ( ! pirate ,g[ 9 #agbe4 ,g[1 or ,smi?1 0 a native ( ,/romness1 :]e 8,g['s ,g>d510 a "n giv5 to a pat* ( gr\nd on ! ea/ side ( ! h>b\r1 aft]w>ds occupi$ by a %ipbuild+ y>d1 seems to m>k ! site ( 8 fa!r's h\se4 ,! "n ,g[1 h[ev]1 :i* is ! ,gaelic equival5t ( ,smi?1 indicates a ,scotti% r ?an an ,orcadian desc5t4 ,9 #agbd ,g[ 0 sail+ z second mate on bo>d ! ,george1 an ,engli% vessel ( two hundr$ tons1 m\nt+ eighte5 guns1 & trad+ on ! ,b>b>y coa/4 ,he & sev]al o!rs ( ! crew mut9i$1 murd]$ ! capta91 & />t$ on :at prov$ to be a v brief c>e] ( piracy4 ,aft] a few mon?s' cruis+1 ,g[ c>ri$ 8 %ip1 n[ nam$ ! ,rev5ge1 into ,/romness to refit2 b z he soon made ! place too hot = safety1 he put to sea 9 ,febru>y #agbe4 ,hav+ sail$ nor? r\nd ,we/ray1 he turn$ s\? t[>ds ,eday1 & 9 beat+ ?r\gh ,calf ,s\nd ran 8 %ip agr\nd on ! ,calf1 opposite ,c>rick ,h\se1 !n occupi$ by ,mr4 ,james ,fea ( ,cle/ran4 ,to him ,g[ appli$ = help to get 8 %ip (f ! rocks2 b ! opportunity 0 too good to be miss$1 & ,fea by v>i\s /ratagems succe$$ 9 mak+ prison]s ( ,g[ & 8 crew4 ,!y 7 h&$ ov] to ! au?orities1 & aft]w>ds suff]$ ! p5alty ( _! crimes 9 ,london4 ,ne>ly a c5tury lat]1 9 #ahad1 ,sir ,walt] ,scott made 8 memorable visit to ,orkney & ,%etl&1 & ! leg5ds :i* he collect$ reg>d+ ,g[ =m$ a c5tre r\nd :i* he wove 8 well-kn[n /ory1 8,! ,pirate40 ,illu/ration3 ,noltl& ,ca/le4 ,c>rick 0 at "o "t ! site ( a ?riv+ manufacture ( salt1 b t too is n[ a tale ( ! pa/4 ,on leav+ ,c>rick our /eam] passes out ( ,calf ,s\nd betwe5 ! ,r$ ,head on ! we/ & ! ,grey ,head on ! ea/1 s nam$ f ! col\r ( _! s&/one cliffs4 ,! /one ( ! =m] has be5 mu* 9 fav\r = build+ purposes1 z ,/4 ,magnus ,ca!dral c te/ify1 & has on occasion f\nd its way z f> s\? z ,london4 ,a nor?-we/]ly c\rse n[ br+s u to ,pi][all 9 ,we/ray1 our la/ port ( call4 ,! long1 l[ isl& gu>d+ x on ! nor?-ea/1 f]tile & well cultivat$1 is ,papa ,we/ray4 ,t[>ds its s\? end is a small lake1 on a holm 9 :i* are ! ru9s ( a *apel d$icat$ to ,/4 ,tr$wall1 a place ( great sanctity 9 =m] days1 & a special %r9e = su* pilgrims z suff]$ f sore eyes4 ,long aft] ! ,re=mation1 inde$1 we are told t ! m9i/] ( ! isl& _h mu* difficulty 9 prev5t+ 8 flock f resort+ ?i!r to pay _! devotions to ! sa9t be=e assembl+ 9 ! *ur*4 ,illu/ration3 ,n\p ,head ,ligh?\se4 ,! *ief po9t ( int]e/ 9 ,we/ray is ,noltl& ,ca/le1 n[ ro(less inde$1 b sc>cely yet a ru94 ,x 0 built e>ly 9 ! fifte5? c5tury by ,bi%op ,tullo*1 & aft]w>ds pass$ into ! h&s ( ,sir ,gilb]t ,balf\r1 ,ma/] ( ! ,h\sehold to ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots4 ,aft] ! escape ( ! un=tunate que5 f ,lo*lev5 ,ca/le1 he 0 ord]$ to prep>e ,noltl& = h] reception4 ,_h ! ill-fat$ ,m>y turn$ nor?w>ds in/ead ( s\?w>ds :5 ! day w5t aga9/ h] at ,langside1 & _h %e s\ght %elt] among ^! nor!rn isl&s in/ead ( tru/+ to ! t5d] m]cies ( h] c\s9 & rival1 ,que5 ,elizabe?1 :at a romantic *apt] might h be5 add$ to ! hi/ory ( ,orkney6 ,illu/ration3 ,nor? ,ronaldsay ,ligh?\se4 ,we/ray conta9s mu* good arable l&1 & supports a l>ge population4 ,on ! we/ side ! sc5]y is bold & romantic2 & f ,fitty ,hill1 :i* is ov] five hundr$ & fifty feet 9 height1 ! view ext5ds to ,f\la 9 ,%etl& & ! ,fair ,isle4 ,! cliffs fac+ ! ,atlantic are l(ty & picturesque4 ,ab\t a mile s\? ( ,n\p ,head1 ! we/]n extremity ( ! isl&1 is ! ,g5tlem5's ,cave1 :]e five ,orcadian adh]5ts ( 8,pr9ce ,*>lie0 are said to h f\nd %elt] = sev]al mon?s aft] ! 8',=ty-five40 ,f ,fitty ,hill we may obta9 a di/ant view ( ,nor? ,ronaldsay1 ! mo/ nor!rly & p]haps ! mo/ v]dant isl& ( ! gr\p4 ,sep>at$ f its ne>e/ neighb\r1 ,s&ay1 by ! wild & /ormy ,nor? ,ronaldsay ,fir?1 ! cross+ ( :i* 9 ! usual op5 boat is (t5 dang]\s1 ev5 :5 possible1 ?is isl& impresses ! visitor z be+ v mu* cut (f f ! _w4 ,b 9 su* matt]s all dep5ds ^u comp>ison1 & d\btless !re are _m :o reg>d ! :ole ( our isl&s z simil>ly remote & inaccessible4 ,a /one dyke surr\nds ! isl& ( ,nor? ,ronaldsay1 outside :i* a numb] ( native %eep pick up a liv+ on ! 8banks0 & ev5 9 ! 8ebb40 ,on ! mo/ nor!rly po9t1 ne> ,d5nis ,head1 /&s "o ( ! f9e/ ( our ligh?\ses2 = ,nor? ,ronaldsay1 l ,s&ay1 has be5 ! sc5e ( _m a %ipwreck4 ,our return f ,we/ray to ,kirkwall is made direct1 & we n[ keep to ! we/ ( ,eday1 pass+ ,f>ay & its ,holm1 & hav+ ! hea?-clad hills ( ,r\say cle> 9 view to ! we/w>d4 ,r\say f> surpasses ! o!r isl&s ( ! nor!rn gr\p 9 its hill & cliff sc5]y1 its highe/ elevation rea*+ eight hundr$ & tw5ty feet1 & its we/]n %ore pres5t+ _m romantic effects 9 /ack & cave4 ,among its o!r attractive features are ! ,lo* ( ,wasbi/]1 9 ! nor?2 ! ,burn ( ,we/ness & ,we/ness ,h\se1 ov]look+ ! sacr$ isle ( ,eynhall[ & ! tumultu\s ,roo/ ( ,burg>2 & ! mod]n mansion ( ,trumbl&1 look+ out on ! calm s\nd & ! gre5 isl& ( ,veira or ,wyre4 ,ne>] our c\rse1 h[ev]1 lies ! long1 l[ /ret* ( ,egilsay1 ! 8,*ur* ,isl&0 ( ! ,norsem51 :]e ! sa9tly ,e>l ,magnus 0 done to dea?4 ,! pres5t ru9$ *ur*1 ) its f>-se5 r\nd t[]1 ?\gh ( lat] date1 d\btless occupies ! site ( t e>li] *ur* :i* 0 ! sc5e ( 8 murd]4 ,wyre1 too1 soon op5s out to view1 ) its ru9$ *apel1 & ! m\nd :i* m>ks ! traditional site ( 8,cubbie ,roo's ,ca/le10 ! home ( ! once =midable ,kolbe9 ,hruga1 ^: "n is ev5 yet us$ to t]rify into good behavi\r "s ob/rep]\s y\ng/]1 9 ! awful ?reat1 8,cubbie ,roo'll get !e60 ,illu/ration3 ,we/ness1 ,eynhall[1 & ,co/a ,head4 ,gairsay1 ) its r\nd$ hill ov] ?ree hundr$ feet high1 next claims our att5tion1 & ! "n ( ,sweyn ,holm1 ly+ (f its ea/]n %ore1 recalls to u ,sweyn ,asleifson & ! great dr9k+-hall :i* he built on ! isl& :5 he made x 8 w9t] home3 ! summ] home ( ! /\t old ,vik+ 0 on bo>d 8 long-%ip4 ,b n[ ! t[] ( ,/4 ,magnus ris+ ahead rem9ds u t our day's sail is at an end1 & we are %ortly alongside ,kirkwall pi] once m4 ,among ! ,s\? ,isles4 ,= a visit to ! ,s\? ,isles ( ,orkney1 ,/romness is our be/ />t+-po9t4 ,x is ! natural c5tre ( communication = ?is gr\p--or r = ! we/]n division ( ! gr\p1 = ,s\? ,ronaldsay & ,burray may be visit$ equally well f ,kirkwall by way ( ,scapa ,bay4 ,! small /eam] :i* makes ! regul> r\nd ( ! isl&s w s]ve u = ! beg9n+ ( our t\r1 b we mu/ soon bran* (f f ! ord9>y r\te if we are to see mu* ( int]e/4 ,illu/ration3 ,/romness ,h>b\r4 ,! gre5 isl& ( ,graemsay1 ) its bea* ( gleam+ :ite s&1 looks v attractive z we sail out ( ,/romness h>b\r4 ,its *ief attraction to visitors is ! l(ty t[] ( ! ,ea/ ,ligh?\se1 :i* s]ves1 along ) ! l[] ,we/ ,ligh?\se1 to guide %ips ?r\gh ! swift tideway ( ,hoy ,s\nd4 ,! (ficial "n1 inde$1 = ^! lights is n ,graemsay1 b ,hoy4 ,illu/ration3 ,graemsay ,ea/ ,ligh?\se4 ,graemsay is sep>at$ f ,hoy by ,burra ,s\nd1 & "h we %all leave our /eam]1 l&+ at ,l9ksness1 ! be/ />t+-po9t = ! long walk & climb :i* we h be=e u4 ,hoy is next to ! ,ma9l& 9 size1 b little ( its surface is cultivat$1 & roads are few & f> betwe54 ,s we /rike we/w>d1 &1 leav+ cultivation beh9d1 make = ! ,mead[ ( ! ,kame1 keep+ ! ,w>d ,hill & its neighb\r ! ,cuilags on our left4 ,!re is a fam\s e*o "h1 :i* we may /op to te/ be=e beg9n+ ! climb to ! ,kame itself--a long ridge "s twelve hundr$ feet high1 :i* runs f ! ,cuilags to ! %e] precipice on ! nor?4 ,! coa/-l9e we n[ rea* is "o ( ! l(tie/ 9 ! ,briti% ,isles1 ris+ at ,/4 ,john's ,head to a p]p5dicul> height ( #a1adj feet4 ,) due c>e we may approa* ! edge & look d[n ?is fe>ful & giddy height1 b x is n a place = foolh>dy d>+4 ,! view ( ?is /up5d\s cliff1 ) ! :ite surges break+ a ?\s& feet bel[ 9 a sl[ & /rangely noiseless movem5t1 & ! seagulls flitt+ l midges 9 _! mazy dance midway betwe5 u & ! blue wat]1 is some?+ :i* _c be describ$ & _c be =gott54 ,beyond ,/4 ,john's ,head ! gr\nd falls to half ! height or less1 & a c\ple ( miles br+s u to ! f>-fam$ ,old ,man ( ,hoy4 ,?is wond]ful pill> /&s well out f ! cliff1 on a l$ge ( rock :i* connects ) ! l& ne> sea-level4 ,! height ( ! pill> is f\r hundr$ & fifty feet2 t ( ! cliff on :i* we /& is ab\t fifty feet less4 ,tradition tells u t ! ,old ,man ( ,hoy has suff]$ consid]ably f ! batt]+ ( w9d & wave ev5 )9 rec5t times4 ,x is said t he =m]ly /ood on two legs1 b t _m ye>s ago "p ( ! divid$ base fell be=e ! ,atlantic break]s1 & left him /&+ on "o leg1 z we n[ see him4 ,d\btless "t & ! wea!r w "o day lay him l[1 b 9 ! meantime he looks fairly solid & durable4 ,ano!r mile or m & we rea* ,rora ,head1 ! mo/ we/]ly po9t ( ,orkney1 & turn s\!a/w>d t[>ds ,rackwick ,bay1 & n[ "o ( ! f9e/ views 9 all ! isl&s meets our gaze4 ,beyond ! deep gl5 at our feet /ret*es ! great we/]n sea-wall1 gleam+ r$ 9 ! sun%9e4 ,9 ! bay bel[ u ! roll]s are break+ 9 ceaseless foam ov] a /rip ( %9+ s& & gravel4 ,! little t[n%ip ( ,rackwick is a pat*work ( gre5 & gold1 contra/+ /rangely ) ! d>k gl5 & ! t[]+ hills beh9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,old ,man ( ,hoy4 ,! gl5 itself1 we f9d z we make ! desc5t into x1 is a bit ( true highl& sc5]y--! only bit1 inde$1 :i* ,orkney has to %[4 ,its rugg$1 lonely gr&eur is unique 9 ^! isl&s4 ,hea!r & brack51 wild rose & honeysuckle1 junip]1 dw>f bir*1 & will[ m+le 9 su* luxuriance z to sugge/ a m fav\r$ latitude4 ,! gl5 ( ,b]ri$ale1 :i* op5s out ( ! ma9 valley to ! we/1 is sometimes call$ ! 8,g>d5 ( ,orkney10 b x is a g>d5 ( nature's own4 ,hoy is = ! mo/ "p ( a /]n] aspect1 z we %all quickly f9d if we cross ! valley & d>e to attack ! ,w>d ,hill4 ,! only risk we %all run 9 do+ s w be t ( /iff limbs = sev]al days to come1 unless1 inde$1 a sudd5 desc5t ( cl\d or mi/ %\ld f9d u unprovid$ ) a guide :o kn[s ! 8lay ( ! l&40 ,! /urdy luxuriance ( ! hea!r is likely to be our *ief difficulty 9 ! climb4 ,/&+ at la/ on ! summit ( ! ,w>d ,hill1 we f9d ourselves at a height ( #a1efd feet above ! sea1 on a some:at b>e & /ony plateau1 & n f> f ! highe/ po9t !re is1 curi\sly en\gh1 an excell5t spr+ ( wat]4 ,a v cle> day is necess>y if we are to enjoy ! sight ( all t ?is elevation comm&s4 ,we %all !n see ! :ole ar*ipelago spread out be=e u z on a map--a m>vell\s panorama ( sea & l&4 ,ev5 ! ,fair ,isle %[s its conical head above ! nor?-ea/]n horizon4 ,! nor? coa/ ( ,scotl& /ret*es out we/w>d to ,cape ,wra?1 & 9 ! blue di/ance to ! s\?w>ds _m a peak ( ! ,nor!rn ,highl&s c be di/+ui%$4 ,if we desc5d ! hill on its s\!rn slope1 we %all f9d a %ort ?\gh a /eep way to ! next po9t ( int]e/ 9 ,hoy--! ,dw>fie ,/one4 ,! description ( ?is curi\s relic ( ! indu/ry ( "s unkn[n workman has be5 well giv5 by ,hugh ,mill]1 ^: "n may /ill be read c>v$ on its b>e int]ior1 :ile ! leg5d>y int]e/ may be/ be ga!r$ f ,sir ,walt] ,scott 9 8 notes to 8,! ,pirate40 ,s\? ( ! valley 9 :i* ! ,dw>fie ,/one lies1 ! gr\nd rises to a long /ret* ( moorl&1 brok5 only by burns & lo*s1 till x dips d[n to ! fr+e ( l[1 cultivat$ gr\nd r\nd ,longhope1 9 ! p>i% ( ,walls4 ,?is "p ( ! isl&1 h[ev]1 is too di/ant to be includ$ 9 our day's excursion1 & may be visit$ direct by /eam] f ,/romness "s o!r day4 ,longhope1 z we %all !n see1 is a %elt]$ bay ne>ly f\r miles long & ab\t "o mile 9 av]age wid?1 & =ms a magnific5t natural h>b\r4 ,be=e ! days ( /eam z _m z a hundr$ & fifty vessels might be se5 at an*or "h1 %elt]$ f ! we/]ly gales :i* b>r$ _! passage ?r\gh ! ,p5tl& ,fir?4 ,! m>tello t[]s on ei!r side ( ! entrance rem9d u ( a "t :5 /orms 7 n ! only dang] to our %ipp+4 ,protection ( a k9d m necess>y to-day is af=d$ by ! /rong revolv+ light on ,cantick ,head1 & on occasion by ! ,longhope lifeboat1 ! h]oism ( ^: h>dy crew has (t5 %[n itself 9 de$s ( noble d>+ su* z no sea-rov+ ,vik+ ( ! anci5t days c\ld h surpass$4 ,at ! we/]n extremity ( ,longhope /&s ! mansion h\se ( ,melsett]1 ) its ext5sive g>d5s4 ,on ! f>!r side ( ! bay is ,s\? ,walls1 a p59sula :i* is lit]ally 8almo/ an isl&10 z ! wat]s ( ,ai? ,hope almo/ meet ^? ( ,longhope across a n>r[ 8ai?0 or i/hmus4 ,opposite ! entrance to ,longhope1 :5ce we />t on our return j\rney to ,/romness1 we pass ! isl& ( ,flotta1 ! 8flat isl&0 ( ! ,norsem51 ?riv+ & well cultivat$1 especially t[>ds ! ea/1 :]e x curves r\nd ,pan ,hope4 ,to ! s\? ( x lies ! gre5 isl& ( ,s)a1 to ! nor?-ea/ ! t9y ,calf ( ,flotta1 & to ! nor?-we/1 (f ,mill ,bay1 ! isl& ( ,f>ay4 ,f>!r nor?1 & close to ! %ore ( ,hoy1 lies ,risa1 or ,risa ,little1 a fav\rite ne/+-place ( _m ( our sea-birds4 ,! la/ isl& we notice on our homew>d sail is ,cava1 a c\ple ( miles ea/w>d ( :i* we see ! beacon :i* m>ks a sk]ry kn[n z ! ,b>rel ( ,butt]4 ,! ea/]n gr\p ( ! ,s\? ,isles is m closely connect$ ) ! ,ea/ ,ma9l&1 be+ divid$ f ,holm by ,holm ,s\nd1 :]e lie ! two gre5 islets ( ,lamb ,holm & ,glims ,holm4 ,imm$iately to ! s\? is ,burray1 ! ,borg>ey ( ! ,norsem51 s call$1 d\btless1 f ! two bro*s or borgs ^: ru9s /ill exi/ 9 ! nor? ( ! isl&4 ,to ! we/ ( ,burray lies ! peat-cov]$ islet ( ,hunda4 ,s\? ( ,burray1 across ! n>r[ *annel ( ,wat] ,s\nd1 lies ! l>ge & popul\s isl& ( ,s\? ,ronaldsay4 ,at ! head ( ! little bay ( ! same "n /&s ! neat & ?riv+ village--almo/ a t[n--( ,/4 ,m>g>et's ,hope1 pleasantly situat$ among its f]tile g>d5s & fields1 & ) a sub/antial pi] to accommodate its increas+ traffic4 ,we/w>d f 8,! ,hope0 lies ,hoxa1 a p59sula cut (f by ,widewall ,bay on ! s\?4 ,on ! n>r[ i/hmus or 8ai?0 /&s a gre5 m\nd1 ! 8haug10 or h[e1 f :i* ! "n ( ,haugsei? or ,hoxa is d]iv$4 ,on ! %ores ( ,widewall ,bay at l[ wat] we may see ! subm]g$ peat-moss & decay+ rema9s ( l>ge trees :i* m>k a bygone /age 9 ! climate ( ! isl&s1 & likewise tell ( gradual subsid5ce ( ! l&4 ,f s\? to nor?1 ,s\? ,ronaldsay measures ab\t sev5 miles4 ,! surface is well cultivat$1 & ! highe/ po9t1 ! ,w>d ,hill1 is only "s ?ree hundr$ & sixty feet high4 ,! bay ( ,burwick1 9 ! s\?-we/ corn] ( ! isl&1 0 =m]ly ! l&+-place = ! s\? mails1 :i* 7 c>ri$ across ! ,p5tl& ,fir? 9 an op5 boat4 ,"s ( ! rock sc5]y 9 ! s\!rn "p is v f9e1 especially 8,! ,gl\p10 ne> ,halcro ,head1 an op5 pit ne> ! %ore into :i* ! sea ent]s by a subt]ranean *annel4 ,to ! s\?-we/ we see ! lonely1 /orm-swept isl& ( ,swona ) its half-doz5 or s ( h\ses1 & to ! s\? rise ! tw9 ligh?\se t[]s on ! ,p5tl& ,sk]ries1 only "o ( :i* is n[ us$ z a light4 ,"h we rea* ! s\!rn extremity ( ! c\nty1 "s =ty miles 9 a /raight l9e f ,nor? ,ronaldsay1 ! extreme nor!rn po9t4 ,,r\nd ,,! ,,ma9l&4 ,fir/ ,day4 ,! be/ way to see ! ,ma9l&1 & ! only way to appreciate its ext5t & ! v>iety ( its sc5]y1 is to make use ( ! excell5t roads by :i* x is n[ trav]s$ & encircl$4 ,on ?is t\r ! bicycle w be our be/ conveyance2 & if we c secure ! company ( a cong5ial fri5d1 we may sp5d a few days v pleasantly & pr(itably on a ride r\nd ! ,ma9l&4 ,we %all beg9 ) ! ,ea/ ,ma9l&4 ,leav+ ,kirkwall by ! ,de]ness road1 we %ortly aft]w>ds f9d ourselves skimm+ d[n ! long brae ( ,wide=d--n ,wide=d ,hill1 b ! f>m ( ,wide=d1 ab\t two miles s\?-ea/ ( ! t[n4 ,on our left is ! wide expanse ( ,+aness ,bay1 ) its bea* ( s& & %+le1 :]e we c recall see+ on "o memorable occasion a s*ool ( :ales /r&$ aft] a great :ale hunt3 t 0 9 our e>ly s*ool days1 n[ rapidly becom+ a "p ( ! "t kn[n z 8long ago40 ,illu/ration3 ,orkney ,villages4--,,ii4 #a4 ,/4 ,m>y's1 ,holm4 #b4 ,orphir4 #c4 ,kettlet(t1 ,s&ay4 #d4 ,f9/[n4 #e4 ,balf\r ,village1 ,%ap9say4 #f4 ,evie4 ,we next pass ! long1 l[ p59sula ( ,tank]ness1 :i* lies betwe5 ,+aness ,bay & ,de] ,s\nd4 ,on its s\? side1 betwe5 ! lo* & ! %ore1 /&s ! ,hall ( ,tank]ness1 its position m>k$ out by "o ( ^? r>e pat*es ( d>k gre5 :i* indicate t trees may /ill be made to gr[ 9 ,orkney "u intellig5t fo/]+ c>e4 ,! cliffs ne> ,r]wick ,head are wor? a visit4 ,!re are sev]al caves1 "o ( :i*1 tradition affirms1 gave refuge = weeks to "o ( ! ,cov5ant]s :o 7 %ipwreck$ at ,de]ness 9 #afgi4 ,aft] pass+ ?r\gh ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,&rews1 we rea* t ( ,de]ness4 ,de]ness is lit]ally a p59sula--v ne>ly an isl& inde$4 ,! i/hmus :i* jo9s x to ! ,ma9l& is n only n>r[ b l[ & s&y1 & 9 =m] days m>9]s approa*+ f ! s\? sometimes ov]look$ its exi/5ce :5 mak+ = %elt]1 & came to grief accord+ly4 ,on ?is n>r[ neck ( l& is f\nd an anci5t m\nd or haug1 :i* be>s ! "n ( ,d+i%[e4 ,de]ness is on ! :ole flat1 ! highe/ po9t 9 ! p59sula1 ! ,w>d1 be+ only #bhe feet above ! sea4 ,yet ! view f ! road1 :i* crosses ! c5tre ( ! p>i%1 is v ext5sive4 ,to ! s\? we notice ! isl& ( ,cop9say1 =m]ly mu* frequ5t$ = ga!r+ sea-birds' eggs1 & its 8,horse10 a /eep black rock ris+ high out ( ! wat]4 ,if "t p]mits1 x w be wor? our :ile to cycle to ,s&side1 & !nce walk along ! cliffs to ! ,m\l ,head4 ,! sc5]y "h is f9e1 & we %all f9d ! ,bro*1 ) its anci5t ru9$ *apel1 specially int]e/+4 ,a *ur* exi/$ "h be=e ! ,norse p]iod1 & 0 d\btless ! cause ( ! "n ,deir-ness1 or ! ness ( ! ,culdee prie/s1 be+ giv5 to ! di/rict4 ,n f> di/ant we see ano!r object :i* recalls prie/ly memories--a gray /one pill> erect$ to commemorate ! %ipwreck by :i* two hundr$ ,cov5ant]s lo/ _! lives :5 on _! way to be sold z slaves 9 ! ,am]ican ,colonies or 8,plantations40 ,! /ory is a d>k & tragic "o4 ,!re is "s reason to believe t ! %ipwreck 0 n entirely an accid5t2 x is said t ! %ip 0 n ev5 provision$ = s long a voyage1 & t ! fate design$ = ! unhappy prison]s 0 n slav]y b dea? by %ipwreck :5ev] circum/ances fav\rable = su* an 8accid5t0 %\ld arise4 ,on return+ to ! ,/4 ,&rews road we may /rike (f t[>ds ! s\? & make our way homew>ds ?r\gh ! p>i% ( ,holm4 ,! mo/ f]tile "p ( ?is p>i% lies 9 a broad valley slop+ t[>ds ! s\?1 :]e ! crops rip5 e>ly4 ,z we desc5d into ?is valley1 ! mell[ light ( an autumn aft]noon reveals to u a view ( r>e sweetness & *>m4 ,amid ! riv]-l tidal /ream ( ,holm ,s\nd lie ! gre5 islets ( ,glims ,holm & ,lamb ,holm or ,laman1 ) ,burray & ! d>k] ,hunda1 & ! impos+ /ret* ( ,s\? ,ronaldsay beyond4 ,to ! we/w>d1 ,hoy rises 9 deep-blue %ad[1 reflect$ 9 ! /ill surface ( ,scapa ,fl[4 ,ov] ! gleam ( ! ,p5tl& ,fir? we see ! flat %ores ( ,cai?ness1 :ile ! m di/ant peaks ( ! ,su!rl& m\nta9s rise %>p & cle> above ! horizon4 ,b !re are a few miles ( road yet to cov]1 s we hold on our way t[>ds ! sea%ore1 :]e ! /eep-gabl$ mansion ( ,graeme%all /&s beside its pretty re$-fr+$ lo*4 ,a mile beyond lies ! village ( ,/4 ,m>y's1 ) its pi] & its l9e ( cottages /ret*+ along ! bea*2 & aft] tak+ a pass+ glance at ?is well-kn[n fi%+-/ation1 we turn our faces nor?w>ds4 ,we h a long hilly ride 9 front ( u "h1 & by ! "t we rea* ! end ( x our int]e/ 9 ! *>m+ views is n s ke5 z x 04 ,!n comes ! welcome *ange ( gradi5t2 we sp9 d[n ! 8,di/ill]y ,brae10 & soon our circuit ( ! ,ea/ ,ma9l& is complet$4 ,second ,day4 ,our second day's circuit w take u r\nd ! c5tral "p ( ! ,ma9l&1 :i* is divid$ f ! ,ea/ ,ma9l& by ! i/hmus ( ,scapa1 & f ! l>g] mass ( ! ,we/ ,ma9l& by ! lo*s ( ,/5ness & ,h>ray & ! wide i/hmus betwe5 ! latt] & ! ,bay ( ,fir?4 ,we leave ,kirkwall by ! 8,head ( ! ,t[n0 & keep to ! old ,scapa road = ab\t a mile1 :5 we turn %>p to ! "r & soon beg9 ! long asc5t ( ne>ly ?ree hundr$ feet to ,gre5igo4 ,?is is foll[$ by a correspond+ dip d[n to ! valley ( ,kirbu/]1 ^: lo* lies on our "r2 b z fi%+ is n our programme at pres5t we keep to ! road z x asc5ds once m1 & soon f9d ourselves ent]+ ^u ! broad f]tile slope :i* =ms ! mo/ ?ickly inhabit$ "p ( ! p>i% ( ,orphir4 ,we/w>d we see ! road /ret*+ across ?is well-cultivat$ di/rict1 dott$ ) h\ses l>ge & small1 :i* ga!r "h & !re 9 gr\ps & clu/]s almo/ rank+ z villages4 ,"t does n press1 & we are out = ! purpose ( see+ all we c1 s we decide to leave ! ma9 road "h & take a by-road to ! "r :i* skirts ! ea/ side ( ! ,w>d ,hill4 ,x is fairly /eep1 & ! rid+ _c be call$ good1 b x has ! advantage ( br++ u )9 a mile ( ! ,w>d ,hill itself1 ! top ( :i* we %all f9d a pleasant halt+-place4 ,illu/ration3 ,orphir4 ,leav+ our bicycles by ! roadside1 we face a pretty /iff climb ?r\gh luxuriant hea!r & brack51 & soon f9d ourselves on ! highe/ ( a gr\p ( hilltops1 #hhj feet above ! sea4 ,if we are fav\r$ ) a cle> atmosph]e1 ! sc5e be=e u w amply repay ! lab\r ( our asc5t4 ,! view f ! ,w>d ,hill is supplem5t>y to t f ,wide=d ,hill4 ,p>ts ( ! l&scape to ! ea/ & nor? are %ut out by ,wide=d ,hill itself1 by ! long ,keelylang ridge1 & by ! broad-back$ mass betwe5 ,h>ray & ,evie4 ,to ! s\? ! sc5e is some:at simil> to t se5 f ,wide=d ,hill2 to ! we/w>d1 h[ev]1 ! panorama n[ be=e u is unique4 ,irel&1 or ,ayre-l&1 z x once 01 slop+ g5tly d[nw>ds to its bay1 lies at our feet1 a pat*work ( f>ms & fields 9 v>y+ t9ts ( gre5 & yell[ & br[n4 ,beyond x1 ! picturesque 8we/]n capital10 ,/romness1 fr+es its l&lock$ h>b\r1 secure 9 ! %elt] ( ! protect+ hills beh9d4 ,to ! left lies ,graemsay ) its ligh?\ses1 an 8em]ald set 9 a sapphire sea10 & beyond x ! fr[n+ cliffs & ! purple ridge ( ,hoy dom9ate ! sc5e4 ,away t[>ds ! we/ ! horizon l9e1 m ?an ?irty miles di/ant z we n[ see x1 cuts %>p & /raight aga9/ ! s(t blue sky4 ,if we h a good glass1 we may make out on ?is l9e1 j above ! t[n ( ,/romness1 ! ,/ack ( ,sulesk]ry4 ,illu/ration3 ,/romness f ! ea/4 ,b our day's ride is yet mo/ly be=e u1 s we desc5d f ! ,w>d or 8wat*-t[]10 m\nt our bicycles1 rega9 ! ma9 road1 & cont9ue our way ?r\gh ! smil+ l&scape :i* lies 9 front ( u4 ,orphir 0 an important di/rict 9 ! old ,norse days1 & a resid5ce ( ! ,orkney ,e>ls /ood on ! sea%ore ne> ! p>i% *ur*2 & adjo9+ t *ur* may /ill be se5 "p ( a mu* e>li] *ur*1 "o ( ! few circul> temples 9 ?is c\ntry :i* 7 built 9 ! "t ( ! ,crusades on ! model ( ! ,*ur* ( ! ,holy ,sepul*re at ,j]usalem4 ,9 ! little cove %elt]$ by ! ,head & ! ,holm ( ,h\ton1 "s ( ,k+ ,hakon's %ips f\nd %elt] dur+ ! w9t] aft] ! battle ( ,l>gs1 :ile ! k+ himself lay dy+ 9 ! anci5t palace at ,kirkwall4 ,illu/ration3 ,ru9s ( circul> *ur*1 ,orphir4 ,aft] a p>ticul>ly /iff ride ov] ,scorri$ale1 we ent] ^u a long & some:at un9t]e/+ /ret* ( road ?r\gh ,cle/ran & ,irel&1 & at la/ rea* ! ma9 road f ,kirkwall to ,/romness1 close to ! ,bridge ( ,wai?1 :i* crosses ! n>r[ /rait betwe5 ! ,lo* ( ,/5ness & ! sea4 ,we c see j above ?is bridge ! traces ( a /ill old] "o1 & ! "n ,wai? probably indicates t ?is 0 orig9ally a 8wad+-place0 or =d at l[ tide4 ,b we are n to cross ! bridge to-day2 we turn back t[>ds ,kirkwall to complete our t\r ( ! ,c5tral ,ma9l&4 ,! road runs along ! side ( ! lo*1 ?r\gh ! pretty di/rict ( ,cl\/on1 & pa/ ! com=table hotel :i* has be5 erect$ !re = ! conv5i5ce ( su* summ] visitors z are attract$ by ! tr\t-fi%+ ( ! lo*4 ,! l>ge/ tr\t ev] se5 0 caught 9 ! ,lo* ( ,/5ness1 & if ! prov]b is true t 8!re are z good fi% 9 ! sea z ev] came out ( x10 ! same may yet be prov$ true ( ?is lo*4 ,we halt only long en\gh to obta9 a welcome cup ( tea1 & !n cont9ue our ride4 ,less ?an a mile br+s u to ! road :i* leads ov] ! ,bridge ( ,brog> to ! ,/&+ ,/ones1 & we decide on mak+ a brief pilgrimage to ?is ! mo/ anci5t %r9e 9 ! isl&s--if1 inde$1 x 0 a %r9e4 ,b z ! aft]noon is we>+ t[>ds ev5+1 & we h be5 "h sev]al times be=e1 we m]ely sit d[n on ! %ort hea!r beside ! circle long en\gh to let ! my/]y & 8e]9ess0 ( ! sc5e s9k into our m9ds & set u wond]+ sil5tly :at x all meant 9 ! f>-(f days :5 x 0 new4 ,we ne$ n wait "h 9 ! hope ( f9d+ out1 s we ride back pa/ ! tall 8s5t9el0 /one & ! small] circle ( ,/5ness to ! ma9 road4 ,ano!r mile br+s u abrea/ ( ,mae%[e1 & ) ! _s ( ! pa/ ^u u we /op once m4 ,we obta9 ! key ( ?is fam\s *amb]$ m\nd f ! f>mh\se opposite1 9 ord] t we may sp5d a few m9utes m 9 8wond]+40 ,!re is no?+ ab\t ,mae%[e1 or ev5 ab\t ! ,/&+ ,/ones1 to attract ! sup]ficial m9d1 b to ^? :o 8wond]10 & :o c see ?+s :i* vani%$ f outw>d view _m c5turies ago1 ^? places are almo/ holy gr\nd4 ,!y embody & embalm "s ( ! deepe/ ?\ghts ( a long-vani%$ p2 & ?\gh we c h>dly guess :at ^! ?\ghts 71 ! monum5ts are sacr$ relics to u4 ,!y are mile/ones1 we may say1 m>k+ e>ly /ages 9 ! long advance ( our race4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,s5t9el ,/one1 ,/5ness4 ,aft] leav+ ,mae%[e we face an incl9e j heavy en\gh to recall our ?\ghts to ! pres5t1 & soon we are pass+ ?r\gh ! pretty gl5 :i* op5s on ! ,bay ( ,fir?4 ,! pat*es ( %rubb]y & trees r\nd ,b9sc>? on our left give a pleas+ v>iety to ! sc5]y1 & %[ u once m ! possibilities & ! limitations ( our isl&s z reg>ds ! cultivation ( woods4 ,! village ( ,f9/[n1 ! half-way h\se betwe5 ,kirkwall & ,/romness1 has a beautiful situation1 :i* c be bett] appreciat$ f ! hillside above x ?an f ! road1 & x is well plac$ = attract+ a %>e ( ! ord9>y bus9ess ( ! di/ricts ar\nd4 ,x has a prosp]\s look1 & its "n rem9ds u t x claims to be m ?an a m]e village4 ,illu/ration3 ,mae%[e4 ,be=e u on our left lies ! wide1 %all[ ,bay ( ,fir?1 or 8,! ,fir?10 z x might m correctly be call$1 :i* gives its "n to ! surr\nd+ di/rict4 ,to ! ,norsem5 x 0 ! 8,sea-tr\t ,fir?10 & mu/ h be5 important = its fi%+4 ,9 m rec5t times x _h a fam\s oy/]-fi%]y2 b t too has become a ?+ ( ! pa/1 ?\gh by ! ex]cise ( a little =esight & public _s x c\ld easily be re/or$4 ,9 ! bay lie ! ,holm ( ,grimbi/] & ! isl& ( ,damsay1 or 8,/4 ,adamnan's ,isle40 ,! latt]1 z its "n indicates1 0 ! site ( a ,culdee mona/]y1 & is m5tion$ 9 ! lat] ,saga /ory4 ,damsay has also its %>e ( ! leg5d>y tales :i* are connect$ ) _m ( ! old ecclesia/ical c5tres 9 ! isl&4 ,on our "r ! old ,kirkwall road bran*es (f1 pass+ ov] ! s\!rn %\ld] ( ,wide=d ,hill2 & beside x1 on a ris+ gr\nd1 we see ! manse ( ,fir?1 ! home ( ! soldi]-poet ,malcolm1 ^: fa!r 0 m9i/] ( ! p>i%4 ,soon our road be>s to ! left to avoid ! /eep1 d>k mass ( ,wide=d ,hill2 we cross ! broad /ret* ( ,quant]ness1 & a b5d to ! "r br+s u once m 9 view ( ,kirkwall1 ly+ beyond ! ,pe]ie ,sea1 ^: /ill wat]s mirror ! d>k mass ( ,/4 ,magnus1 n[ gleam+ ) a dusky r$ 9 ! gl[ ( sunset4 ,?ird ,day4 ,our ?ird day's t\r is ( a diff]5t "*2 we are to make our way ?r\gh ,r5dall & ,evie to ,birsay4 ,z we %all sp5d ! night !re1 our bicycles mu/ be load$ ) a few necess>y articles2 b old campaign]s always m>* light1 & our baggage is r$uc$ to its absolute m9imum4 ,! fir/ /age ( our j\rney takes u to ,f9/[n1 along ! ma9 ,/romness road :i* we trav]s$ ye/]day4 ,!n we turn %>p to ! "r1 & cross ! bridge ov] ! m\? ( ! 8,oyce10 :i* rem9ds u ( ! ,pe]ie ,sea & its ,ayre4 ,! di/rict 9 front ( u1 ! 8,nor? ,side0 ( ,fir?1 consi/s ( a broad slope1 almo/ a pla91 fr++ ! bay1 & ! /eep esc>pm5t ( a long range ( hills on our left4 ,mo/ ( ?is range is #ejj feet 9 height1 & p>ts exce$ #gjj feet4 ,!re is a c]ta9 monotony ab\t ! road1 due to its /raightness2 b !re is really no reason :y x %\ld turn ei!r to ! "r h& or to ! left1 s we p$al away1 mile aft] mile4 ,:5 opposite ! ,bay ( ,isbi/] we pass a v pleas+ valley1 t ( ,settasc>?1 ?r\gh :i* a road crosses ! long ridge into ! p>i% ( ,h>ray4 ,!n we rea* ! p>i% ( ,r5dall1 & f9d a long asc5t 9 front ( u1 z ! road runs /raight up ! 8dale0 :5ce ! "n ( ! p>i% arises4 ,we pass betwe5 ! high1 /eep ridge on ! left & a gr\p ( hills on ! "r :i* lie betwe5 u & ! sea1 =m+ a broad p59sula betwe5 ! ,bay ( ,isbi/] & ,woodwick4 ,:5 we rea* ! summit ( ?is rise1 we are q ready to halt = a :ile & enjoy ! new panorama :i* op5s out to ! nor?w>d4 ,! inn] gr\p ( ! ,nor? ,isles--,r\say1 ,egilsay1 ,wyre1 & ,gairsay--lie at our feet1 z x seems2 & ! m di/ant memb]s ( ! gr\p c be easily made out4 ,r\say is ! dom9ant feature 9 ! l&scape1 & its /eep br[n hills1 desc5d+ 9 /ep-l 8hamm>s10 make an impressive backgr\nd to ! gre5 fr+e ( f>ml& & ! liquid blue ( ! sea4 ,z we resume our way along an undulat+ road1 we pass ?r\gh a di/rict :i*1 despite its nor!rly exposure1 seems able to support a l>ge population1 & num]\s tidy cottages clu/] "h & !re along ! roadside4 ,by-&-by ! cultivat$ /rip becomes n>r[]1 ! s&y bea* ( ,aik]ness gives place to ! rocky %ores ( ,burg>1 & ! road turns inl& ) a /eep incl9e to dip d[n on ! o!r side ( ! ridge t[>ds ! ,lo* ( ,swannay4 ,"h we %all f9d x well wor? our :ile to make a some:at long] halt ?an be=e1 &1 leav+ our bicycles1 we turn to climb ,co/a ,hill1 & to view ! wild cliffs at ,co/a ,head4 ,f ! hill we look d[n ^u ! my/]i\s gre5 islet ( ,eynhall[1 ! 8,holy ,isl&10 :]e ! ru9s ( an anci5t mona/]y h be5 trac$1 & r\nd :i* m ?an ! usual crop ( leg5ds has sprung up4 ,a fair contra/ x (f]s to ! bold1 rocky cliffs ( ,r\say j beyond4 ,if x happ5s to be ! "t ( spr+ tides1 & ! ebb is runn+ out1 we %all see at ?is place "o ( ! mo/ impressive sights :i* our coa/s pres5t4 ,h[ev] calm be ! sea1 z soon z ! tide beg9s to ga!r /r5g?1 ! *annels on ei!r side ( ,eynhall[ = "s di/ance out to sea become a mass ( heav+1 foam+ bill[s1 rem9d+ "o ( ! long /ret* ( boil+ rapids bel[ ! ,falls ( ,niag>a4 ,& t is j :at ?is 8roo/0 is--rapids on ! c\rse ( ! tidal riv] :i* is n[ sweep+ we/w>d ?r\gh ,eynhall[ ,s\nd4 ,:5 we look at our pocket map1 we see t on ea* side ( ! islet ! dep? ( wat] is only ab\t five fa?oms4 ,9 ab\t a qu>t] ( a mile x becomes t5 fa?oms1 & )9 a mile ( ! we/ end ( ! isl& tw5ty fa?oms4 ,?us ! tidal riv] fir/ passes ov] a ridge on ea* side ( ,eynhall[1 :]e x is less ?an ?irty feet deep1 & !n plunges d[n a slope :i* dips ne>ly "o hundr$ feet 9 a mile4 ,if !re is a long swell roll+ 9 f ! ,atlantic1 z !re (t5 is on our we/]n %ores1 ! turmoil is increas$1 & ! boil+ fury ( ,burg> ,roo/1 z x is call$1 is a sight :i* x is wor? go+ f> to see4 ,! roo/ :i* is =m$ 9 ,hoy ,s\nd ) a /rong ebb-tide is due to simil> causes b !re ! dip 9 ! sea-bottom is n s /eep4 ,:5 ! tide turns1 ! *ange seems almo/ magical1 & 9 a %ort "t !re may be n a ripple on ! wat] to m>k ! sc5e ( ?is mad dance ( ! bill[s4 ,illu/ration3 ,birsay1 ! ,b>ony4 ,! cliffs at ,co/a ,head are ! highe/ on ! ,ma9l&1 b we c only see !m f above1 & ?us we lose mu* ( _! wild gr&eur4 ,we enjoy1 h[ev]1 an impressive view ( ! cave-pi]c$ %ores ( ,r\say1 & ( ! /]n ramp>ts ( ,n\p ,head1 9 ,we/ray1 ) its s5t9el ligh?\se4 ,soon] or lat] we mu/ return to our bicycles1 & n[ we coa/ rapidly d[n to ! ,lo* ( ,swannay1 sweep r\nd its nor!rn %ore1 &1 cross+ ! burn1 climb ! opposite slope t[>ds ! "p ( ,birsay qua9tly nam$1 8,abune ! ,hill10 or 8,above ! ,hill10 z ! map-mak]s h x4 ,in/ead ( foll[+ ! road :i* /rikes s\?w>d ?r\gh ! c5tre ( ! p>i%1 we turn t[>ds ! we/1 & by means ( an old] road make our way to ! ,b>ony ( ,birsay1 :]e we %all f9d accommodation = ! night4 ,b we h /ill a long ev5+ be=e u1 & aft] due re/ & refre%m5t we %all f9d "t to explore our surr\nd+s4 ,! place is full ( hi/orical int]e/4 ,! old "n ( ,birgi%>ad1 9 :i* we may trace ! names ( ,birsay & ,h>ray1 indicates t "h 0 ! *ief hunt+-gr\nd ( ! ,norse ,j>ls4 ,! mixture ( hill & lo* & /ream1 ! valleys be+ !n p]haps furni%$ ) cov]ts ( bru%wood :]e n[ !re is only pa/ure or crops1 made ?is nor!rn "p ( ! ,ma9l& ! be/ hunt+-gr\nd 9 ! c\nty4 ,birsay may be said to h be5 ! capital ( ! ,e>ldom at "o "t4 ,x 0 ! fav\rite resid5ce ( ! ,e>ls1 & x 0 also ! ecclesia/ical c5tre1 & ! resid5ce ( ! fir/ bi%op ( ! isl&s4 ,:5 ! sa9t$ ,e>l ,magnus 0 sla91 x 0 9 ,*ri/'s ,kirk 9 ,birsay t 8 body fir/ f\nd burial4 ,on ! ,br\gh we may /ill see ! ru9s ( a v anci5t *apel d$icat$ to ,/4 ,pet]4 ,! ,/ew>t ,e>ls1 ( di%on\r$ memory1 f\nd ,birsay an attractive locality4 ,!y rais$ on ! site ( its old ,norse ca/le a palace built aft] ! plan ( ,holyrood 9 ,ed9burgh1 ! ru9s ( :i* /ill =m "o ( ! *ief features 9 ! l&scape4 ,! :ole di/rict1 9 %ort1 is full ( ^? rema9s :i* we h call$ mile/ones ( ! pa/1 m>k+ /ages 9 ! hi/ory ( our race4 ,! %ore ne> ! ,b>ony is int]e/+4 ,we may walk to ! ,br\gh at l[ wat]1 b we mu/ take c>e n to be caught & imprison$ by ! return+ tide4 ,! cliffs rise to ! s\?w>d1 & 9 ,m>wick ,head rea* a height ( ne>ly ?ree hundr$ feet4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,br\gh ( ,birsay4 ,! *ief attraction = t\ri/s is ! ,lo* ( ,bo>dh\se & its tr\t fi%+4 ,?is lo* receives ! dra9age ( a wide /ret* ( c\ntry1 its *ief fe$] be+ ! ,hillside ,burn1 :i* rises 9 ! hills betwe5 ,r5dall & ,h>ray1 fl[s nor?-we/ = "s five miles to ! ,lo* ( ,hundl&1 & "u ! "n ( ! ,burn ( ,kirbu/] rea*es ! l>g] lo* 9 ab\t ano!r mile4 ,?is dra9age bas9 is next 9 importance & area to t ( ! 8,great ,lakes0 ( ,orkney1 ! ,lo*s ( ,/5ness & ,h>ray4 ,if we h "t & en]gy left to climb ,ravie ,hill1 on ! s\? side ( ! lo*1 we %all get an excell5t idea ( ! 8lay ( ! l&10 & ! relation ( ^! two lo* bas9s4 ,we may notice 9 p>ticul> t ! ,h>ray bas9 ext5ds nor?w>d almo/ to ! hill on :i* we /&1 & includes a numb] ( small lo*s ne> x :i* look z if !y ought to belong to ! ,bo>dh\se or ,birsay sy/em4 ,if sc5]y r ?an geography is our /udy1 we %all be equally well repaid = ?is walk4 ,f its isolat$ position1 ,ravie ,hill comm&s a v ext5sive view1 despite its mod]ate elevation4 ,! panorama ( hill & valley & pla91 ( l& & lake & sea1 :i* is spread out ar\nd u1 is really "o ( ! f9e/ 9 ,orkney1 & we c q und]/& h[ ! picturesque ,b>ony came to occupy s important a place 9 ! pa/4 ,ev5 at ! pres5t day its ri* soil & pleasant situation give x "s "r to be call$ ! 8,g>d5 ( ,orkney40 ,b meantime we mu/ make our way back to our inn1 = ! sun is dipp+ 9 ! we/]n sea1 & to-morr[ w br+ u fre% tasks to p]=m4 ,f\r? ,day4 ,our f\r? & la/ day's exploration w be conf9$ to ! we/]n %ore ( ! ,ma9l&1 betwe5 ,birsay & ,/romness4 ,z we leave ! ,b>ony & ride along ! s\? side ( ! lo* we are tempt$ to /op & view once m ! l&scape f ,ravie ,hill1 be=e we f9ally turn our back ^u ?is romantic corn] ( ! ,ma9l&4 ,:ile we wat* ! p at "w 9 ! fields1 & li/5 to ! re/ful s\nds ( c\ntry life1 x is h>d to picture ! pa/ ^: relics /& yond]1 pla9 9 our view4 ,if ,birsay 7 to display be=e our eyes ?is morn+ a pageant ( h] pa/ hi/ory1 ! procession w\ld be a v>i$ "o4 ,! hunt+-p>ties ( ! ,norse ,e>ls1 ! com+ ( ! fir/ bi%op to tea* ! new fai?1 ! build+ ( ! fir/ ,norse *ur*1 ! burial ( ,e>l ,magnus1 ! procession ( pilgrims seek+ miracul\s heal+ at 8 tomb1 ! removal ( ! sacr$ relics to ! *ur* ( ,/4 ,olaf at ,kirkwall to await ! build+ ( a m magnific5t %r9e1 ! ru9\s fav\r ( ! ,scotti% ,e>ls1 ! rais+ ( a second ,holyrood 9 ! old ,b>ony ^: /ately spl5d\r 0 ! measure ( ! robb]y & extortion suff]$ by ! p1 ! pass+ ( ?is incongru\s pomp & ! return ( welcome obscurity & quiet--truly a long & picturesque procession6 ,we resume our j\rney1 h[ev]1 & soon rea* ,twatt1 :]e ! road divides4 ,! bran* to ! left leads to ! important di/rict ( ,d\nby1 on ! bord]s ( ! ?ree p>i%es ( ,birsay1 ,h>ray1 & ,s&wick1 & !n passes ?r\gh ! :ole l5g? ( ,h>ray to jo9 ! ,kirkwall & ,/romness road4 ,h>ray is an int]e/+ p>i%4 ,x is ! only p>i% 9 ,orkney :i* does n t\* ! sea4 ,its soil is on ! :ole f]tile1 ! surface be+ div]sifi$ by mora9es br\ght d[n by glaci]s f ! /eep hills to ! ea/4 ,! f>ms are g5]ally small1 b ! f>m]s are mo/ly 9 ! happy position ( be+ own]s z well z occupi]s1 & ! numb] ( 8lairds0 9 ?is p>i% has long be5 prov]bial 9 ,orkney4 ,we decide1 h[ev]1 on tak+ ! road to ! "r1 z we wi% to see some?+ ( ! fam\s 8we/ %ore40 ,?ree or f\r miles br+s u to ! head ( ! ,h>ray ,lo*2 b in/ead ( desc5d+ to ! mill ( ,rango we turn to ! "r at ! cross-roads1 & %ortly rea* ! hamlet ( ,ai?1 beside ! ,lo* ( ,skaill1 our *>m+ 8,lo* 9 ,orcady40 ,"h we turn once m to ! "r1 foll[+ a road :i* skirts ! lo* & leads u almo/ to ! %ores ( ! ,bay ( ,skaill1 a f9e sweep ( s&y bea*1 b expos$ to ! full fury ( ! ,atlantic4 ,illu/ration3 ,m>wick ,head1 ,birsay4 ,at its s\!rn corn] we exam9e a l>ge 8,pict's ,h\se10 n[ op5$ up--! 8,weem ( ,sc>abrae40 ,!n we decide to climb ! slope beyond & visit ! 8,hole o' ,roo10 a fam\s cave pi]c+ a bold headl&1 :i* f ! horizontal lie ( ! rock /rata looks z if x _h be5 built ( gigantic flag/ones by a race ( ,titans4 ,we are n[ ent]+ on ! f9e/ /ret* ( cliff sc5]y 9 ! isl&s1 ) ! exception ( ,hoy1 & f "h to ,/romness1 a di/ance ( "s eight miles1 ! walk is "o to rememb] & to repeat4 ,b n[ = ! fir/ "t we f9d our bicycles a h9drance in/ead ( a help1 & we are at a loss :at to d ) !m4 ,we may decide to turn back to ! ma9 road1 ride to ,/romness1 &1 leav+ !m !re1 explore ! coa/ on foot1 :i* is ! mo/ satisfactory plan4 ,if we decide to take !m on ) u1 we %all f9d t consid]able /ret*es ( ! gr\nd are level en\gh to p]mit ( a r\gh ride on ! turf1 & = ! la/ ?ree miles ( ! di/ance !re is a fair road4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,ca/le ( ,yesnaby4 ,! next po9t ( int]e/ aft] leav+ ,r[ ,head is ! ,n\/ ( ,bigg+1 %elt]$ by its ,br\gh1 an excell5t place f :i* to wat* ! ,atlantic break]s :5 a heavy sea is runn+4 ,a little way to ! s\? is ! ,ca/le ( ,yesnaby1 "o ( ^? isolat$ /acks ( rock :i* h )/ood ! batt]+ ( ! ocean :ile ! cliffs ar\nd h crumbl$ & fall54 ,its sl5d] base1 h[ev]1 proclaims t its fate is only a matt] ( "t4 ,9 ano!r mile & a half1 aft] pass+ ,lyre ,geo & ,+aness ,geo1 two impressive examples ( h[ rocks decay1 we rea* ! ,ca/le ( ,nor? ,gaulton1 a s+ul>ly sl5d] & graceful pill> ( rock4 ,!n we cross a /ret* ( l[ gr\nd1 aft] :i* !re is a /eep climb up to ! summit ( ! ,black ,craig4 ,! height ( ! hill is #cfj feet1 & t ( ! cliff little less1 :ile its %e] plunge d[n into ! waves makes x look high] ?an x really is4 ,z we desc5d t[>ds ! s\? we pass ov] a di/rict :i* is sacr$ 9 ! eyes ( geologi/s1 = x 0 "h t ,hugh ,mill] discov]$ ! fossil rema9s ( ! ,a/]olepis or 8/>-scale0 fi%1 a mon/] ( ! anci5t days :5 ! rocks ( ?is hill 7 be+ laid d[n z mud & s& on ! bottom ( a primeval lake4 ,! great geologi/ describes ?is di/rict z 8! l& ( fi%10 & ! rock /rata fairly sw>m ) fossils4 ,! %ore 9 front is n[ l[ & tame1 b ! :ole di/rict f hill to sea is f]tile & well peopl$4 ,t x 0 s 9 ! pa/ also we see suffici5t pro(4 ,= !re1 on ! %ore ( ,breckness1 /& ! ru9s ( a mansion built by ,bi%op ,graeme1 :o knew well :]e to build2 & a mile beyond x1 9 ! lonely *ur*y>d by ! lonely sea1 rises a fragm5t ( an anci5t *ur*4 ,!re /ood ! *ur* ( ,/romness 9 =m] days1 & !re also ! manse2 :ile ! names ( ,inn]t[n & ,out]t[n d\btless ref] to _! relative ne>ness to ?is c5tre ( p>i% life4 ,illu/ration3 ,r\nd ab\t ,/romness4 #a4 ,dundas ,/reet4 #b4 ,*ur* ,road4 #c4 ,victoria ,/reet4 #d4 ,f ! ,s\? ,end4 #e4 ,f ! ,h>b\r4 #f4 ,f ! ,hill4 ,b times h *ang$1 & x is no long] f]tility ( soil b conv5i5ce = trade :i* draws m5 toge!r 9 close neighb\rhood1 & s ! mod]n ,/romness arose on ! %ore ( t romantic little bay :i* spreads out b5ea? u z we cross ! ridge to ! left4 ,t l&lock$ sea1 & n ! rocky hillside1 0 ! s\rce ( its life & gr[?2 & z we note ! frequ5t /eam%ips & ! clu/]$ fi%+-fleet we realize t x is /ill ! sea :i* br+s prosp]ity to ! little gray t[n4 ,"h1 !n1 our circuit ( ! ,ma9l& fitly ends1 = 9 ! op9ion ( _m ! t[n ( ,/romness1 ! 8ness ( ! tide-/ream10 is ! faire/ spot 9 all ! isl&s4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x is inde$ fair1 & ! ,/romness boy w w&] f> & sail ov] _m seas ere he w f9d a fair] sc5e ?an 8 isl& home2--fair :5 x lies be=e him "u ! pe>l-gray light ( its nor!rn sky2 fair] /ill1 p]*ance1 :5 ! gold5 haze ( memory gilds ! l&scape1 & ! joy\s vision ( ! outw>d eye has giv5 place to ! wi/ful retrospect ( ! imag9ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,black ,craig4 ,,sket*es ,,by ,,hugh ,,mill]4 ,! ,dw>fie ,/one4 ,we l&$ at ,hoy1 on a rocky /ret* ( %ore compos$ ( ! gray flag/ones ( ! di/rict4 ,!y spread out "h 9 front ( ! tall hills compos$ ( ! ov]ly+ s&/one1 9 a gre51 undulat+ plat=m1 resembl+ a some:at unev5 esplanade spread out 9 front ( a /eep ramp>t4 ,) ! upp] deposit a new /yle ( sc5]y comm5ces1 unique 9 ^! isl&s4 ,! hills1 bold & abrupt1 rise f f\rte5 to sixte5 hundr$ feet ov] ! sea-level2 & ! valleys by :i* !y are trav]s$--no m]e %all[ inflections ( ! g5]al surface1 l mo/ ( ! o!r valleys ( ,orkney--are ( pr(\nd dep?1 precipit\s1 impos+1 & solit>y4 ,! sudd5 *ange f ! s(t1 l[1 & comp>atively tame to ! bold1 /]n1 & high s]ves admirably to %[ h[ mu* ! "* ( a l&scape may dep5d ^u ! =mation :i* composes x4 ,a walk ( some:at less ?an two miles br\ght me into ! dep?s ( a br[n1 %aggy valley1 s pr(\ndly solit>y t x does n conta9 a s+le human habitation1 nor1 ) "o int]e/+ exception1 a s+le trace ( ! h& ( man4 ,z ! travell] approa*es by a pa? some:at elevat$1 9 ord] to avoid ! peaty bogs ( ! bottom1 along ! slopes ( ! nor!rn side ( ! dell1 he sees1 amid ! hea? bel[1 :at at fir/ seems to be a rhomboidal piece ( pavem5t ( pale ,old ,r$ ,s&/one1 be>+ atop a few /unt$ tufts ( vegetation4 ,!re are no neighb\r+ objects ( a kn[n "* by :i* to e/imate its size4 ,! precipit\s hill-front beh9d is m ?an a ?\s& feet 9 height2 ! greatly tall] ,w>d ,hill ( ,hoy1 :i* fr[ns ov] x on ! opposite side1 is at lea/ five hundr$ feet high]2 & dw>f$ by ^! giants x seems a m]e pavi]'s flag1 mayhap "s five or six feet squ>e by "s eighte5 in*es to two feet 9 dep?4 ,x is only on approa*+ x )9 a few y>ds t we f9d x to be an enorm\s /one1 ne>ly ?irty feet 9 l5g? by almo/ fifte5 feet 9 bread?1 & 9 "s places1 ?\gh x ?9s w$gelike t[>ds "o ( ! edges1 m ?an six feet 9 ?ickness--=m+ altoge!r su* a mass z ! qu>ri] w\ld deta* f ! solid rock to =m ! ar*itrave ( "s va/ gateway or ! p$im5t ( "s colossal /atue4 ,a cave-l excavation1 ne>ly ?ree feet squ>e1 & r m ?an sev5 feet 9 dep?1 op5s on its gray & li*5$ side4 ,! excavation is wid5$ )91 along ! opposite walls1 into two uncom=tably %ort b$s1 v mu* resembl+ ^? ( ! cab9 ( a small coa/+ vessel4 ,"o ( ! two b$s is furni%$ ) a protect+ l$ge & a pill[ ( /one hewn out ( ! solid mass2 :ile ! o!r1 :i* is "s five or six in*es %ort] ?an its neighb\r1 & pres5ts altoge!r m ! appe>ance ( a place ( p5ance ?an ( repose1 lacks bo? cu%ion & l$ge4 ,an ap]ture1 :i* seems to h be5 orig9ally ( a circul> =m1 & ab\t two & a half feet 9 diamet]1 b :i* "s unlucky h]d-boy1 app>5tly 9 ! want ( "s bett] employm5t1 has consid]ably mutilat$ & wid5$1 op5s at ! inn] extremity ( ! excavation to ! ro(1 z ! hat* ( a vessel op5s f ! hold to ! deck2 = x is by f> too wide 9 proportion to ! size ( ! ap>tm5t to be reg>d$ z a *imney4 ,a gray1 rudely-hewn block ( s&/one1 :i*1 ?\gh greatly too pond]\s to be mov$ by any man ( ord9>y /r5g?1 seems to h s]v$ ! purpose ( a door1 lies pro/rate beside ! op5+ 9 front4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,dw>fie ,/one4 ,& su* is ! fam\s ,dw>fie ,/one ( ,hoy1 z firmly fix$ 9 our lit]ature by ! g5ius ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott z 9 ?is wide valley by its pond]\s weight & bread? ( base1 & reg>d+ :i*--= x %>es 9 ! g5]al obscurity ( ! o!r anci5t rema9s ( ,orkney--! antiqu>y c d little m ?an repeat some:at incr$ul\sly :at tradition tells him--namely1 t x 0 ! "w _m ages ago ( an ugly1 malignant gobl91 half e>?1 half air1 ! elf9 ,trolld--a p]sonage1 x is said1 t ev5 )9 ! la/ c5tury us$ occasionally to be se5 flitt+ ab\t 9 its neighb\rhood4 ,i 0 =tunate 9 a f9e1 breezy day1 cle> & sun%9y1 save :]e ! %ad[s ( a few d5se1 pil$-up cl\ds swept d>k a?w>t ! l&scape4 ,9 ! seclud$ recesses ( ! valley all 0 hot1 heavy1 & /ill2 ?\gh n[ & !n a fitful snat* ( a breeze1 ! m]e fragm5t ( "s brok5 gu/ t seem$ to h lo/ its way1 toss$ = a mom5t ! :ite canna* ( ! bogs1 or rais$ spirally into ! air1 = a few y>ds1 ! light be>ds ( "s se$+ ?i/le1 & /raightway let !m d[n aga94 ,sudd5ly1 h[ev]1 ab\t noon a %[] broke ?ick & heavy aga9/ ! d>k sides & gray scalp ( ! ,w>d ,hill & came sweep+ d[n ! valley4 ,i did :at ,norna ( ! ,fitful ,head _h1 accord+ to ! noveli/1 done be=e me 9 simil> circum/ances--crept = %elt] into ! l>g] b$ ( ! cell1 :i*1 ?\gh r scant1 tak5 fairly l5g?wise1 = a man ( five feet elev51 ,i f\nd1 by /ret*+ myself diagonally f corn] to corn]1 no v uncom=table l\ng+-place 9 a ?und]-%[]4 ,"s provid5t h]d-boy _h spread x ov]1 app>5tly mon?s be=e1 ) a litt]+ ( hea? & f]n1 :i* n[ =m$ a dry1 spr+y c\*2 & z ,i lay wrapp$ up 9 my plaid1 li/5+ to ! ra9drops z !y patt]$ ?ick & heavy atop or slant$ ?r\gh ! brok5 hat*way to ! vacant b$ on ! opposite side ( ! excavation1 ,i call$ up ! wild n>rative ( ,norna & felt all its poetry4 ,! ,dw>fie ,/one has be5 a good deal und]valu$ by "s writ]s1 su* z ! hi/orian ( ,orkney1 ,mr4 ,b>ry2 &1 consid]$ simply z a "w ( art or lab\r1 x c]ta9ly does n /& high4 ,:5 trac+1 z ,i lay ab$1 ! m>ks ( ! tool1 :i* 9 ! h>d] portions ( ! /one are /ill di/9ctly visible1 ,i j ?\ght h[ t1 arm$ ) pick & *isel1 & work+ z ,i 0 once accu/om$ to "w1 ,i c\ld complete su* ano!r excavation to ord] 9 "s ?ree weeks or a mon?4 ,b !n ,i c\ld n make my excavation a ?\s& ye>s old1 nor envelop its orig9 9 ! sun-gilt vap\rs ( a poetic obscurity1 nor connect x ) ! sup]natural ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( wild1 anci5t traditions1 nor yet encircle x ) a classic halo borr[$ f ! undy+ inv5tions ( an exquisite lit]>y g5ius4 ,! pill[ ,i f\nd litt]$ ov] ) ! names ( visitors2 b ! /one--an exce$+ly compact r$ s&/one--_h resi/$ ! imp]fect tools at ! comm& ( ! travell]1 usually a nail or a knife1 & s !re 7 b two ( ! names deciph]able--t ( an 8,h4 ,ross1 #agce10 & t ( a 8,p4 ,fol/]1 #ahcj40 ,! ra9 /ill patt]$ heavily ov]head1 & ) my geological *isel & hamm] ,i did1 to beguile ! "t1 :at ,i v r>ely d--add$ my "n to ! o!rs1 9 *>act]s :i*1 if bo? !y & ! ,dw>fie ,/one get b fair play1 w be di/9ctly legible two c5turies h5ce4 ,9 :at /ate w ! _w !n exi/1 or :at sort ( ideas w fill ! head ( ! man :o1 :5 ! rock has well-nigh yield$ up its *>ge1 w deciph] ! "n = ! la/ "t1 & inquire1 mayhap1 reg>d+ ! individual :om x n[ designates1 z ,i did ?is morn+ :5 ,i ask$1 8,:o 0 ?is ,h4 ,ross1 & :o ?is ,p4 ,fol/]808 ,i rememb] :5 x w\ld h sadd5$ me to ?9k t !re w\ld 9 all probability be z little response 9 ! "o case z 9 ! o!r2 b z m5 rise 9 ye>s !y become m indiff]5t ?an 9 e>ly y\? to 8t life :i* wits inh]it aft] dea?10 & are cont5t to lab\r on & be obscure4 ,! sun broke out 9 great beauty aft] ! %[]1 gli/5+ on a ?\s& m9ute runnels t came /ream+ d[n ! precipices1 & reveal+ ?r\gh ! ?91 vap\ry haze ! horizontal l9es ( /rata t b> ! hillsides1 l c\rses ( a%l> 9 a build+4 ,i fail$1 h[ev]1 to detect1 amid ! g5]al _m-po9t$ glitt] by :i* ! blue1 gauze-l mi/ 0 bespangl$1 ! light ( ! great c>buncle = :i* ! ,w>d ,hill has long be5 fam\s--t wondr\s gem1 accord+ to ,sir ,walt]1 8t1 ?\gh x gleams ruddy z a furnace to !m t view x f b5ea?1 ev] becomes invisible to him ^: d>+ foot scales ! precipices :5ce x d>ts its spl5d\r40 ,! ,/&+ ,/ones4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,/&+ ,/ones--,! ,r+ ( ,brog>4 ,! ,/&+ ,/ones--second 9 ,brita91 ( _! k9d1 only to ^? ( ,/oneh5ge--occur 9 two gr\ps2 ! small] gr\p 7compos$1 h[ev]1 ( ! tall] /ones7 on ! s\!rn promontory1 ! l>g] on ! nor!rn "o4 ,rude & %apeless1 & be>+ no o!r impress ( ! design+ faculty ?an t !y are /uck endwise 9 ! e>?1 & =m1 z a :ole1 regul> figures on ! sw>d1 !re is yet a sublime solemnity ab\t !m1 unsurpass$ 9 effect by any ru9 ,i h yet se51 h[ev] gr& 9 its design or impos+ 9 its proportions4 ,_! v rud5ess1 associat$ ) _! pond]\s bulk & weight1 adds to _! impressiv5ess4 ,:5 !re is art & ta/e en\gh 9 a c\ntry to hew an ornate column1 no "o m>vels t !re %\ld be also me*anical skill en\gh 9 x to set x up on end2 b ! m5 :o tore f ! qu>ry ^! va/ slabs1 "s ( !m eighte5 feet 9 height ov] ! soil1 & rais$ !m :]e !y n[ /&1 mu/ h be5 ignorant savages unacqua9t$ ) ma*9]y1 & unfurni%$1 app>5tly1 ) a s+le tool4 ,! consid]ation1 too1 t ^! rema9s--elde/ ( ! works ( man 9 ?is c\ntry--%\ld h s long surviv$ all def9ite tradition ( ! purposes :i* !y 7 rais$ to s]ve1 s t we n[ m]ely "k reg>d+ !m t !y 7 religi\s 9 _! uses--products ( t in]adicable in/9ct ( man's nature :i* leads him 9 s _m v>i\s ways to attempt conciliat+ ! ,p[]s ( ano!r _w--s]ves greatly to height5 _! effect4 ,! appe>ance ( ! obelisks1 too1 h>monizes well ) _! great antiquity & ! obscurity ( _! orig94 ,= ab\t a man's height f ! gr\nd !y are cov]$ ?ick by ! %ort] li*5s--*iefly ! gray-/one p>melia--"h & !re embroid]$ by ! gold5-hu$ pat*es ( ! yell[ p>melia ( ! wall2 b _! heads & %\ld]s1 rais$ beyond ! rea* alike ( ! h]d-boy & ( 8 h]d1 are cov]$ by an extraord9>y pr(usion ( a fl[+ be>d-l li*5 ( unusual l5g?--! li*5 calic>us 7or1 accord+ to mod]n botani/s1 ,ramal9a scopulorum71 9 :i* !y look l an assemblage ( anci5t ,druids1 my/]i\sly /]n & inv9cibly sil5t & %aggy z ! ,b>d ( ,gray1 :5 8,loose 8 be>d & ho>y hair ,/ream$ l a meteor on ! tr\bl$ air40 ,! day 0 p]haps too sunny & cle> = see+ ! ,/&+ ,/ones to ! be/ possible advantage4 ,!y c\ld n be bett] plac$ ?an on _! flat promontories1 surr\nd$ by ! broad pla9 ( an ext5sive lake1 9 a wa/e1 lonely1 treeless c\ntry1 t pres5ts no bold compet+ features to div]t att5tion f !m z ! great c5tral objects ( ! l&scape2 b ! gray ( ! morn+ or an atmosph]e ( fog & vap\r w\ld h associat$ bett] ) ! mi/y obscurity ( _! hi/ory1 _! %aggy =ms1 & _! livid t9ts ?an ! gl>e ( a cl\dless sun1 t br\ght out 9 h>d1 cle> relief _! rude outl9es1 & gave to ea* its %>p1 d>k pat* ( %ad[4 ,gray-col\r$ objects1 :5 tall & impos+1 b ( irregul> =m1 are se5 always to mo/ advantage 9 an unc]ta9 light--9 fog or fro/-rime1 or "u a sc[l+ sky1 or1 z ,p>nell well expresses x1 8amid ! livid gleams ( night40 ,!y appeal1 if ,i may s express myself1 to ! s5tim5t ( ! gho/ly & ! spectral1 & dem& at lea/ a p>tial envelopm5t ( ! obscure4 ,burns1 ) ! true tact ( ! g5u9e poet1 develops ! s5tim5t almo/ in/9ctively 9 an exquisite /anza 9 "o ( 8 less-kn[n songs4 8,! ,posie10-- 8,! haw?orn ,i w pu'1 wi' its locks o' sill] gray1 ,:]e1 l an ag$ man1 x /&s at break o' day40 ,scott1 too1 9 describ+ ^! v /ones1 *ooses ! e>ly morn+ z ! "t 9 :i* to exhibit !m1 :5 !y 8/ood 9 ! gray light ( ! dawn+1 l ! phantom =ms ( ant$iluvian giants1 :o1 %r\d$ 9 ! habilim5ts ( ! dead1 come to revisit1 by ! pale light1 ! e>? :i* !y _h plagu$ ) _! oppression1 & pollut$ by _! s9s1 till !y br\ght d[n ^u x ! v5geance ( ! long-suff]+ heav540 ,on ano!r occasion he introduces !m z 8glimm]+1 a grayi% :ite1 9 ! ris+ sun1 & project+ f> to ! we/w>d _! long1 gigantic %ad[s40 ,& ,malcolm1 9 ! ex]cise ( a simil> faculty ) t ( ,burns & ( ,scott1 surr\nds !m1 9 8 description1 ) a some:at simil> atmosph]e ( p>tial dimness & obscurity3-- 8,! ho>y rocks1 ( giant size1 ,t o'er ! l& 9 circles rise1 ,( :i* tradition may n tell4 ,fit circles = ! wiz>d's spell1 ,se5 f> amid/ ! sc[l+ /orm1 ,seem ea* a tall & phantom =m1 ,z hurry+ vap\rs o'er !m flee1 ,fr[n+ 9 grim obscurity1 ,:ile1 l a dread voice f ! pa/1 ,ar\nd !m moans ! autumnal bla/40 ,!re exi/ curi\s analogies betwe5 ! e>li] /ages ( society & ! m immature p]iods ( life--betwe5 ! savage & ! *ild2 & ! huge circle ( ,/5nis seems sugge/ive ( "o ( ^!4 ,x is consid]ably m ?an f\r hundr$ feet 9 diamet]2 & ! /ones :i* compose x1 v>y+ f ?ree to f\rte5 feet 9 height1 mu/ h be5 orig9ally f ?irty-five to =ty 9 numb]1 ?\gh only sixte5 n[ rema9 erect4 ,a m\nd & fosse1 /ill di/9ctly traceable1 run r\nd ! :ole2 & !re are sev]al my/]i\s-look+ tumuli outside1 bulky en\gh to rem9d "o ( ! less] mora9es ( ! geologi/4 ,b ! circle1 not)/&+ its impos+ magnitude1 is b a huge *ild's h\se aft] all--"o ( ^? circles ( /ones :i* *ildr5 lay d[n on _! village gre51 & !n1 9 ! ex]cise ( t imag9ative faculty :i* di/+ui%es betwe5 ! "y ( ! human animal & ^? ( e o!r creature1 conv]t1 by a sort ( conv5tionalism1 into a *ur* or dwell+-h\se1 )9 :i* !y seat !mselves & enact _! imitations ( ! employm5ts ( _! s5iors1 :e!r dome/ic or ecclesia/ical4 ,! circle ( ,/5nis 0 a circle1 say ! antiqu>ies1 d$icat$ to ! sun4 ,! gr\p ( /ones on ! s\!rn promontory ( ! lake =m$ b a half-circle1 & x 0 a half-circle d$icat$ to ! moon4 ,to ! circul> sun ! great rude *ildr5 ( an immature age ( ! _w _h laid d[n a circle ( /ones on ! "o promontory2 to ! moon1 9 h] half-orb$ /ate1 !y _h laid d[n a half-circle on ! o!r2 & 9 propitiat+ ^! mat]ial deities !y employ$ 9 _! respective enclosures1 9 ! ex]cise ( a wild1 unregulat$ fancy1 unc\?1 irrational rites4 ,,hugh ,,mill] 78,rambles ( a ,geologi/407 ,,! ,,ca!dral ,,( ,,/4 ,,magnus4 ,y w\ld h>dly expect to f9d an anci5t ca!dral up 9 ^? ,orkney ,isl&s t "o usually sees huddl$ away 9 a sp>e corn] ( ! map1 & made to look ev5 small] ?an !y are by ! exig5cies ( space4 ,x is curi\s to ?9k (3 once1 long ago1 /range %ips ) mon/r\s figure-heads & pa9t$ sides1 full ( ! nor!rn actors ( hi/ory1 crawl$ ) _! l9es ( o>s into ! s\nds & bays ( ^! isl&s1 till = c5turies !y became ! /age = dramatic ev5ts & /irr+ p]sonages4 ,"s ( ! play]s bore names t any hi/ory book tells (4 ,h>ald ,h>drada1 old ,k+ ,haco1 ,bo?well1 & ,montrose h all play$ _! p>ts4 ,& !re are o!rs1 e>ls & prelates1 & nor!rn k+s1 & old sea-rov]s1 :o 7 really f> bett] wor? kn[+ ?an half ! puppets ) m famili> labels4 ,!n1 gradually ! lights w5t out & ! audi5ce turn$ away to look at o!r ?+s1 & ! ,orkneym5 7 left to obs]ve ! ,sabba? & elect a ,c\nty ,c\ncil4 ,"o by "o ! old build+s toppl$ d[n1 & ! old names *ang$1 & ! old cu/oms fad$1 till ! place ( ! isl&s 9 hi/ory became _! place ^u ! map2 b "t & m5 h sp>$ "o ?+--?is old ca!dral *ur* ( ,/4 ,magnus 9 ,kirkwall4 ,illu/ration3 ,9 ,kirkwall4 #a4 ,e>l's ,palace4 #b4 ,bridge ,/reet4 #c4 ,alb]t ,/reet4 #d4 ,bi%op's ,palace4 ,on ! anci5t h\ses ( ! little bor\gh & ! w9d+ slit ( a /reet1 ! old r$ *ur* /ill looks d[n b5ignly1 & sometimes 7( a ,sunday1 ,i ?9k1 especially7 a little humor\sly4 ,ov] ! gray ro(s & ! tree-tops 9 %elt]$ g>d5s1 & ! black mites ( p pass+ on _! bus9ess1 its lu/reless ,go?ic eyes see a wide expanse ( l& & a wid] & bright] sweep ( sea4 ,! w9d+ s\nds & broad5+ bays jo9 & divide & jo9 aga91 ?r\gh & ?r\gh its isl& dom9ions4 ,backw>ds & =w>ds1 twice a day1 ! flood tide p\rs f ! op5 ,atlantic1 & ea* *annel becomes an ea/w>d fl[+ riv]2 & !n f ! ,nor? ,sea ! ebb sets ! races runn+ to ! we/4 ,ev]y:]e is ! sight or ! s\nd ( ! sea--roll]s on ! we/]n cliffs1 salt curr5ts among ! isl&s1 quiet bays lapp+ ! feet ( hea!ry hills4 ,out ( ! two great oceans ! w9d bl[s l ! bla/s ( an enorm\s bell[s1 & on ! horizon ! cl\ds are et]nally ga!r+4 ,x is ov] ?is l& ( moor & wat] & vap\r t ! ca!dral wat*es ! p2 & ?\gh f ! difficulty ( pass+ ?r\gh s n>r[ a /reet x has nev] mov$ f ! spot :]e x fir/ arose1 & has nev] se51 "o w\ld suppose1 ! great] "p ( its t]ritories1 yet x kn[s--none bett]--! /ories & ! _s ( all ! isl&s4 ,cr[s & gulls cruise r\nd ! t[] famili>ly1 & p]haps br+ gossip2 b eyes s long & n>r[1 & ( s inhuman an anatomy1 may v likely see ?r\gh a hill or a he>t = !mselves4 ,! c\ntry is l a fleet at sea1 & ! old _s ( ! p came f ! deep4 ,at fir/ t _s 0 only re/less & fi]ce & free2 9 "t x began to ?9k1 & at odd mom5ts to be tr\bl$1 & !y call$ x pi\s4 ,!n x look$ = a fitt+ h\se :]e x might live :5 x c\ld no long] f9d a home 9 ! p4 ,s x built ! r$ ca!dral1 & !re x sil5tly dwells to-day4 ,!re is some?+ 9 _! *ur* t none ( ! respectable t[nsfolk h ! slighte/ suspicion (--some?+ alive t vibrates to ! cry ( ! w9d & ! break+ ( ! sea1 & ! little human ev5ts t happ5 9 ! cr[-/epp$ h\ses4 ,on ! wild autumn aft]noons :5 ! h>d nor?-ea/ w9d is driv+ ra9 & sleet ?r\gh ! t[n1 ! old *ur* beg9s to rememb]4 ,! w9d & ! sleet com+ ov] ! sea /ir ! quick _s s %>ply t e angle is full ( sigh+ noises4 ,z ! %ort5$ day draws to an end1 & lights beg9 to tw9kle 9 ! t[n1 & ! %[]s become less frequ5t1 & ! cl\ds are roll$ up & ga!r$ (f ! sky1 !n ! p come out into ! /reets & see ! e>ly />s above ! gable-ends & high ca!dral t[]4 ,!y ?9k x cold1 & walk quickly1 b a p]sonage ( s&/one takes little note ( ! temp]ature4 ,! ca!dral m]ely feels refre%$4 ,:5 ! cle>1 w9dy night draws 91 ! p g to re/1 & "o by "o ! lights are put out till only ! />s & ! ligh?\ses are left4 ,look+ ov] a d>k5$ t[n & an empty night1 ) ! air mov+ fre% f ,norway1 ! memories come ?ick ^u ! old *ur* :i* %elt]s s _m bones4 ,x is l digg+ up ! soil ( ^? l&s f :i* ! sea has = c5turies rec$$1 & :]e ! ribs ( %ips & ! skeletons ( sailors lie deep b5ea? ! furr[s ( ! pl\gh4 ,kirkwall mu/ h be5 a /range little t[n be=e ! ca!dral's memory beg9s1 :5 !re 0 no r$ t[] above ! n>r[ /reet & ! little h\ses1 9 ! days :5 ,rognvald1 ! son ( ,kol1 _h v[$ to d$icate a spl5did m9/] to 8 uncle1 ,/4 ,magnus1 %\ld he come by 8 own & call himself ,e>l ( ,orkney2 & :5 ! isl&]s wait$ to see :at aid ! bless$ sa9t w\ld furni% to ?is ent]prise4 ,x is "o ( ! isl& trag$ies--! saga ( h[ ! evil ,e>l ,hakon slew 8 c\s91 ,e>l ,magnus1 outside ! old *ur* ( ,egilsay ) t high r\nd t[] t y c see ov] ,kirkwall ,bay f ! ca!dral p>apet1 & h[ ! grass grew gre5] :]e he fell1 & miracles multipli$1 & !y made him a sa9t 9 "t4 ,?\gh all ^! ev5ts happ5$ be=e a /one ( ! ca!dral 0 laid1 !y may help to give ! mean+ ( its /ory1 & on t acc\nt !y are wor?1 p]haps1 a r\gh tell+ "h4 ,e>l ,hakon _h di$1 & 8 son ,paul rul$ 9 8 /ead4 ,he 0 a sil5t1 brave1 unlucky man1 upright & hon\rable 9 8 deal+s1 b ! %ad[ ( 8 fa!r's crime lay ov] ! l&4 ,x br\ght old age & prosp]ity & rep5tance to ! do] ( ! de$2 & on 8 son ! puni%m5t fell4 ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,magnus ,ca!dral1 int]ior4 #a4 ,s\? aisle4 #b4 ,nor? aisle4 #c4 ,nave4 ,rognvald claim$ ! half ( ! e>ldom4 ,paul answ]$ t !re 0 no ne$ = long words1 8,= ,i w gu>d ! ,orkneys :ile ,god grants me life s to d40 ,& !n ! conte/ began4 ,rognvald attack$ f nor? & s\?4 ,paul vanqui%$ ! s\!rn fleet1 & hurry+ nor? drove 8 rival back to ,norway2 & s ! w9t] came on1 & ! peace t 9 ^? days m5 kept 9 w9t]4 ,all _h gone well ) ,paul1 b 8 luck 0 to *ange ) a little ?+4 ,he 0 keep+ ,yule ) 8 fri5ds & k9sm51 :5 ^u a w9t]'s ev5+1 a man1 wet ) ! spray ( ! ,p5tl& ,fir?1 came out ( ! dusk & knock$ ^u ! door4 ,he 0 h>dly ! in/rum5t1 "o w\ld ?9k1 a dep>t$ sa9t w\ld *oose to build a ca!dral )--a ,vik+ ) 8 sword ev] loose 9 its %ea?1 & 8 lucky /> obscur$1 com+ "h = refuge1 f ! a%es ( 8 fa!r & 8 home4 ,he 0 kn[n z ,sweyn ,asleifson 7a "n to be fam\s 9 ! isl&s71 & 0 welcom$ = 8 family's sake2 !y br\ght him 9 to ! fea/1 & ! dr9k+ w5t on4 ,9 a little :ile !re arose a qu>rel ov] ! cups2 ,sweyn kill$ 8 man1 & fl$ into ! night aga94 ,he 0 a l&less outlaw ?is "t1 = ! dead man _h be5 high 9 fav\r1 & ! e>l 0 /]n4 ,mean:ile m5 w5t on dr9k+ ov] ! hall fires2 b ,paul's luck _h dep>t$1 & ,/4 ,magnus _h a weapon 9 8 h&4 ,9 ! spr+ ! w> began aga91 & sudd5ly 9 ! mid/ ( x ,e>l ,paul disappe>$--8 bodygu>d cut d[n ^u ! bea*1 himself spirit$ clean away4 ,sweyn ,asleifson _h come = him1 & c>ri$ him to a fate t 0 nev] m ?an rum\r$4 ,s ,rognvald won ! e>ldom1 & ! fir/ /ones ( 8 *ur* 7 laid4 ,! sa9t _h c]ta9ly /ruck = him4 ,t is ! true /ory ( ! v[ & ! build+ ( ! ca!dral1 a tale too old = ev5 ! v5]able *ur* to rememb]4 ,b all ! long hi/ory ( ! sev5 c5turies s9ce x kn[s2 & inde$ x has play$ su* a "p 9 sc5e aft] sc5e & act aft] act1 t a memory w\ld h to be ( "s poor] /uff ?an hew$ s&/one to =get a pa/ s /irr+4 ,& :o c be s f> beh9d e sc5e z ! h\se :i* dur+ m5's lives li/5s to _! pray]s1 & at la/ ^u a day takes !m 9 = ev]8 ,:5 x fir/ began to look d[n f its w9d[s ^u ^? m5 go+ ab\t _! bus9ess 9 ! sun%9e or ! ra91 x saw among ! little creatures "s t 7 well wor? rememb]+1 ?\gh !re be few b ! ca!dral to rememb] !m n[4 ,!re 0 ,rognvald himself1 t *e]ful1 gallant e>l :o made poetry & w>1 & sail$ to ,j]usalem ) all 8 *iefs & fri5ds1 fight+ & rhym+ all ! way1 & rid+ home across ! l5g? ( ,europe1 & :o1 :5 he fell by an assass9's h&1 0 laid at la/ b5ea? ! pavem5t ( ?is ca!dral he _h f\nd$4 ,& !n1 mo/ memorable ( all ! great odall]s :o foll[$ him 9 w> & sat at 8 ,yule fea/s1 !re 0 ! ,vik+1 ,sweyn ,asleifson1 he :o kidnapp$ ,paul1 & aft]w>ds became ! lifelong &1 on ! :ole1 fai?ful fri5d ( ,rognvald1 & ! fai?less enemy ( almo/ e "o else2 ! mo/ d>+1 unscrupul\s1 fam\s1 &--judg+ by ! way he always obta9$ =giv5ess :5 he ne$$ x--! mo/ fasc9at+ man 9 all ! nor!rn c\ntries4 ,he 0 ! luckie/1 too1 till ! day he fell 9 an ambu% 9 ! /reets ( ,dubl91 exclaim+ ) 8 la/ brea?1 9 mo/ rem>kable contra/ to ! t5or ( 8 life3 8,"k ?is1 all m51 t ,i am "o ( ! ,sa9t ,e>l ,rognvald's bodygu>d1 & ,i n[ mean to put my tru/ 9 be+ :]e he is1 ) ,god40 ,may he re/ 9 peace :]ev] 8 bones lie1 ev5 ?\gh 8 re=mation came some?+ late1 ! turbul5t1 t]rible old ,vik+1 :om ! ,saga writ]s call$ ! la/ ( t pr(ession4 ,! g5]ation :o built x _h pass$ away1 :5 on a summ]'s day1 aft] x _h wea!r$ ne>ly a c5tury ( /orm & %9e1 ! ca!dral saw ! greate/ sight x _h yet beheld4 ,haco ( ,norway _h come ) 8 fleet to conqu] ! ,we/]n ,isles ( ,scotl&1 ! ,norse k+s' old inh]itance4 ,! po9t$ w9d[s wat*$ %ip aft] %ip sail by ) col\r$ sails & %9+ %ields1 be>+ ! ,norsem5 to _! la/ battle 9 s\!rn l&s2 & !n ! isl&s wait$ = ! news t 9 ^? days 0 br\ght by ! m5 :o _h made ! /ory4 ,mon? ^u mon? w5t by2 m5 wond]$ & rum\rs flew2 ! days grew %ort]1 & ! gales came out ^u all ! seas4 ,at la/1 :5 w9t] 0 well ^u ! isl&s1 :at 7 left ( ! batt]$ %ips began to /ruggle home4 ,!y br\ght back /ories t ! ca!dral rememb]s1 ?\gh six c5turies h roll$ !m out ( ! memories ( ! p--tales ( lee-%ores & we/]ly gales1 ( an*ors dragg+ "u ! ,cumbraes1 & ,scotti% knights *>g+ d[n ^u ! bea* :]e ! ,norwegian spe>s 7 rank$ on ! edge ( ! tide2 !n ( m gales & :irlpools 9 ! ,p5tl&1 until at l5g? !y c>ri$ _! old sick k+ a%ore1 to die 9 ! bi%op's palace at ,kirkwall4 ,illu/ration3 ,/4 ,magnus ,ca!dral1 ext]ior4 #a4 ,we/ doorway1 nave4 #b4 ,ea/ w9d[4 #c4 ,doorway1 s\? transept4 #d4 ,doorway1 nor? aisle4 #e4 ,doorway1 s\? aisle4 ,he lay = two mon?s 9 t anci5t build+--n[ a ro(less %ell1 /&+ j beyond ! *ur*y>d wall--8 mo/ fai?ful fri5ds beside him1 ! re/less ,orkney w9d )\t1 & ! voice ( ! ,saga read] by ! b$4 ,fir/ !y read to him 9 ,lat91 till he grew too sick to foll[ ! =eign words2 & !n 9 ,norse1 ?r\gh ! ,sagas ( ! sa9ts1 & aft] ( ! k+s4 ,!y _h come d[n to 8 own fa!r1 ,sv]rir1 & !n1 9 ! words ( ! old hi/orian1 8,ne> midnight ,sv]rir's ,saga 0 read ?r\gh1 & j z midnight 0 pa/ ,almighty ,god call$ ,k+ ,hakon f ?is _w's life40 ,!y buri$ him 9 ! great r$ *ur* t _h /ood s5t9el ov] ! sick-*amb]2 & z ! race ( ,vik+s di$ ) ,sweyn1 s ! rov+1 conqu]+ k+s ( ,norway pass$ away ) ,haco1 & nev] aga9 came s\? to tr\ble ! seabo>ds4 ,! ,orkneys1 h[ev]1 7 n yet out ( ! curr5t ( affairs4 ,!y cut1 inde$1 b a small figure comp>$ ) ! ,orkney ( ! great ,e>l ,?orf9n 9 ! c5tury be=e ,rognvald f\nd$ 8 ca!dral--he :o own$ n9e e>ldoms 9 ,scotl& & all ! ,s\!rn ,isles1 besides a great realm 9 ,irel&4 ,b !re 0 /ill a bi%op 9 ! palace & an e>l ) p[]s ( life & dea? 9 8 dom9ion1 & an arm$ foll[+ t c\nt$ = some?+ 9 w>2 & ! ca!dral 0 /ill ! *ur* ( a small c\ntry r ?an ( a little c\nty4 ,! sun ca/ ! %ad[s ( dignit>ies 9 ! w9d+ /reet1 & ! bones !y 7 fram$ ( 7 laid 9 "t b5ea? ! flags ( ,/4 ,magnus's *ur*4 ,:5 "o comes to ?9k ( x1 ! old ca!dral mu/ hold a v>i$ collection ( ^!1 = "h lie ! high & ! l[ ( two races1 & no man kn[s h[ _m *ance soj\rn]s & travell]s4 ,at la/1 ^u a d>k day = ! isl&s1 _! era ( semi-indep5d5ce & ,vik+ism & ,norse romance came to a mo/ undignifi$ end4 ,a ne$y k+ ( ! nor? pl$g$ !m to ,scotl& = 8 daught]'s d[ry1 z a common man might pl$ge 8 wat*4 ,ea/ to ,norway 0 no long] ! way to ! mo!rl&1 & ! op5 horizon meet+ ! cl\ds1 ! old highroad1 l$ n[ to a =eign %ore4 ,h5ce=? !y belong$ to ! long coa/ ) its pale m\nta9 peaks f> away ov] ! cliffs1 :i* _h once1 s f> z ! eye c\ld see1 belong$ to !m4 ,x 0 a transaction int5d$ = a season1 b ! season has nev] ran to its limit yet4 ,n[1 x is to be hop$1 x nev] w2 b = c5turies x w\ld h be5 bett] = ! ,orkneys if !y _h gone ! way ( "s volcanic islet & sunk quietly bel[ ! gray ,nor? ,sea4 ,"o might ?9k t1 :5 !y _h ceas$ to be a half-way h\se betwe5 _! sov]eign & 8 neighb\rs ( ,europe1 & 7 become in/ead a geographical t]m appli$ to ! lea/ accessible portion ( _! new "l's dom9ions1 _! hi/ory & _! tr\bles w\ld soon h ceas$1 & ! isl&]s be5 left to fi% & reap late crops & try to keep out ! w9t] wea!r4 ,b !re 0 no su* good luck = _m a day to come4 ,alas = !mselves1 !y 7 too valuable an asset 9 ! ,scot* k+'s treasury4 ,orkney too valuable6 ,t collection ( w9dy1 treeless isl&s1 :]e great ponds ( ra9-wat] /& ?r\gh ! fields = mon?s toge!r1 & a /rawb]ry t rip5s is %[n to "o's fri5ds6 ,! pla9 tru? is t1 measur$ by a ,scot* /&>d ( value 9 ^? days1 x w\ld h be5 h>d to f9d a pocket n wor? ! pick+4 ,! r5tal ( ,orkney 0 m ?an twice t ( ! k+dom ( ,fife1 & ,fife1 ,i suppose1 0 an ,el ,dorado comp>$ ) mo/ prov9ces ( its impecuni\s c\ntry4 ,s nor? !y came1 ,scot* e>ls & bi%ops & y\ng] sons1 to make :at !y c\ld be=e ! pl$ge 0 r$eem$4 ,& to ! old ca!dral 0 flung ! %ame ( /&+ z ! symbol ( oppression4 ,x 0 n its fault1 & e /one mu/ h sil5tly cri$ to ,heav5 = =giv5ess4 ,b a ca!dral meant a bi%op1 & an ,orkney bi%op meant ! ref9em5t ( rogu]y & exaction4 ,:5 ^! prelates 9 _! turns came to inhabit p]man5tly _! m9/]1 & !y c\ld at la/ he> ! voice ( its _s t loves ! l& x wat*es1 dem&+ an acc\nt ( _! /ew>d%ip1 :at c\ld !y say8 ,! old excuse--8,we mu/ live08 ,i c h>dly ?9k ! *ur* p]ceiv$ ! necessity4 ,t monum5t :i* ! old sailors & fight]s ( ! nor? _h built1 t !y might l9k a bett] _w ) ! r\gh & w>r+ e>?1 _h to /& immovable = c5tury ^u c5tury1 wat*+ ! tr\ble ( _! sons4 ,x saw !m make _! /& at ,summ]dale 9 ! old fa%ion1 ) sword & halb]t & a battle-cry on _! lips1 & m>* back aga9 to ! t[n 9 a glimpse ( triumph4 ,b t quickly fad$1 & ! weight ( new laws & evil rul]s gradually broke ! high _s entirely4 ,x saw ! pr\d odall]s r$uc$ to long-suff]+ 8pe]ie lairds10 & all _! p[] & romance & circum/ance ( /ate pass ov] to ! =eign]1 until aft] a "t x 0 h>d to believe t1 "s pages fur!r back1 !re 0 a clos$ *apt] ( hi/ory :i* read q diff]5tly f ?is4 ,d[n bel[ ! p>apet ( ! t[] ! n>r[ /reets 7 full ( ! mo/ spl5did-look+ p1 all 9 /eel & ! ,/ew>t arms4 ,e>ls ,rob]t & ,patrick ( t royal "n1 ea*1 ?r\gh 8 sc&al\s life1 made ! isl& ! home ( a pr9ce's c\rt2 & out among ! moors & ! isl&s ! old race wond]$ ^: turn x %\ld be = p]secution next1 & h[ long ,heav5 w\ld let ^! ?+s be4 ,! d[nfall ( ! ,/ew>ts' rule came at la/1 viol5tly z 0 fit1 b to ! end !y us$ ! old *ur* on behalf ( ! wrong4 ,! t[] 0 wrapp$ 9 ! smoke ( ! rebels' musketry :5 old ,e>l ,patrick lay by ! heels 9 ,ed9burgh await+ 8 doom z a traitor1 & 8 son held ,kirkwall aga9/ :at might1 by comp>ison1 be t]m$ ! law1 & x 0 only at ! po9t ( ! pike t !y turn$ ! la/ ,/ew>t out ( ! sepul*re ( ,/4 ,magnus4 ,!n ! long w9d[s wat*$ ! %ad[s ( all mann] ( p]sons1 :o are well =gott5 n[1 d>k5 ! prospect = a :ile1 & pass away to let o!r cl\ds ga!r2 & 9 all t "t !re _c h be5 _m :om a critical edifice c recall ) pride4 ,! bi%ops 7 s5t ab\t _! bus9ess1 & ! ,solemn ,league & ,cov5ant 0 solemnly sworn4 ,! troop]s ( ,cromwell /alk$ ?r\gh ! old pill>s ) _! wide hats ! firm] set on4 ,! ,cov5ant 0 unsworn1 & ! bi%ops came back & acquir$ emolum5ts = a little :ile long]1 till at la/ !y w5t altoge!r1 & 9 good1 sob] ,presbyt]ian fa%ion ! awak5$ p set ab\t purify+ _! temple4 ,poor old *ur*6 !y did x ?or\ghly4 ,away w5t c>v+ & /a9$ glass1 & anci5t tombs & bones1 & ev]y?+ t ! au/]e ta/e ( ,heav5 is suppos$ by man to dislike4 ,!y made x clean ) a k9d ( yell[i% :itewa%1 & divid$ x by a sanit>y deal scre5 imp]vi\s to draught4 ,9 ?is %ameful guise ! ca!dral has wat*$ ! adv5t ( quiet days & ! sl[ heal+ ( "t4 ,to-day ! greate/ clam\r x he>s is made by ! rooks4 ,no e>l's m5 or bi%op's m5 qu>rel 9 ! /reets2 no "o ei!r fe>s or h>ries ! isl&]s2 ! hi/ory ( ,orkney is writt5 & clos$ & laid ^u ! %elf4 ,! h&s ( ! clock move ev5ly r\nd1 & ! seasons *ange by ! almanac4 ,b !re /&s ! old r$ *ur*1 sil5tly rememb]+ & arrang+ 9 _! due p]spective all ^! ?+s rem>kable & true4 ,! wor/ ( x is t x makes no comm5t t a mortal c und]/&1 s t no "o c say :at a season$1 well-mort>$ obs]v] ( sev5 c5turies ( affairs ?9ks ( *ang+ dyna/ies & cre$s1 & :e!r x is dispos$ to take !m m s]i\sly ?an s _m m\lt+s ( fea!rs1 & if "o c reta9 any optimism ?r\gh a c\rse ( :itewa% & draught-pro( scre5s4 ,x is pleasant to ?9k1 = ! old m9/]'s sake1 t x he$s ! rubs ( =tune v little1 & reg>ds mat]ial *anges j z s _m %ifts ( plumage4 ,its p are /ill fle% & blood1 & its isl&s rock & turf & hea!r1 & x w take m ?an pails & pa9t-bru%es1 & pl$ges & cov5ants to make !m o!rwise4 ,! w9t] days are z bleak z ev]1 & ! summ] ev5+s z long & light1 & ! sun rises out ( ! ,nor? ,sea among ! flat gre5 isl&s1 & s9ks 9 ! ,atlantic beh9d ! we/]n hea!r hills2 & x is likely en\gh t f ! height ( ! ca!dral t[] _m o!r mo/ s]i\s ev5ts look surpris+ly unimportant4 ,j4 ,,/or] ,,cl\/on4 78,macmillan's ,magaz9e40 ,by p]mission47 ,illu/ration3 ,kirkwall 9 w9t]4 ,a ,,road ,,9 ,,orcady4 ,9 s\!rn l&s--& mo/ l&s are s\!rn to u--! road runs betwe5 fragrant h$g][s or "u %ady trees2 b 9 ,orcady trees & h$ges are practically unkn[n4 ,yet ! road lacks n its *>m1 = ?is is a _w ( comp5sations4 ,if we nev] brea! ! fragrance ( ! may or he> ! :isp] ( ! w9d-/irr$ bran*es1 we h1 on ! o!r h&1 no?+ to %ut out f our eyes ! wide expanse ( l& & sea or to hide ! blue sky ov] u1 no fall5 timb] aft] a gale to block our way & make ( our progress an involunt>y ob/acle race1 & no ?orns to puncture our cycle tyres4 ,! lov] ( ! highway may miss "h mu* ( ! bird-life t enliv5s ! roads ( ! s\?2 b our road has a life & traffic ( its own q ap>t f ! trickl+ /ream ( m5 & horses :i* fl[s fitfully along its :ite *annel4 ,fl[]s & flies1 birds & bea/s1 ! road has some?+ = ea* & all ( !m4 ,ev5 by day !y use x1 b f dusk to dawn !y claim x z _! v own4 ,illu/ration3 ,by ! ,roadside--8,pe]ie ,hooses40 #a4 ,holm4 #b4 ,h>ray4 #c4 ,birsay4 #d4 ,tank]ness4 #e4 ,orphir4 ,i d n rememb] t ,/ev5son1 :o s lov$ ! road1 has writt5 any:]e ( its little life--( ! birds & bea/s1 ! %y liv+ ?+s1 t haunt x4 ,9 ! treeless isles ( ,orcady1 at lea/1 ! furr$ & fea!r$ creatures seem to ?9k t man makes ! road = _! especial delectation4 ,= all creatures ( bea* & bog1 hill & mead[1 x has its *>ms2 & h5ce x is ev] beat ^u by s(t1 s\ndless feet & %ad[$ by swiftly mov+ w+s1 & _m a little com$y or trag$y is play$ out ^u its /age4 ,we walk ^u x 9 spr+ & summ] ?r\gh an air fragrant ) ! p]fume ( innum]able small1 sweet fl[]s1 ) ! music ( birds & bees ab\t u1 & ev]1 "u & beh9d all song1 ! voice ( ! great sea1 full ( indef9able my/]y z ( a half-rememb]$ dream4 ,! eng9e] :o makes ! road unwitt+ly plans x 9 su* fa%ion z to be ( s]vice to ! folk ( moor & m>%1 ( %ore & furr[4 ,9 ,orcady e road1 soon] or lat]1 leads to ! sea4 ,9 =m] days ! sea itself 0 ! great highway1 & !re=e close to its %ores are f\nd ! old kirks & kirky>ds4 ,= by sea m5 came to wor%ip ,god1 & by sea !y 7 c>ri$ to _! long home4 ,! kirks & kirky>ds be+ beside ! sea1 ! road comes ?i!r to !m4 ,x comes d[n also to ! pi]s1 ! slips1 & jetties1 :i* play s important a "p 9 ! lives ( ! isl&]s4 ,?us ! road passes )9 a few y>ds ( ! haunts ( all ! div]s1 swimm]s1 & wad]s t frequ5t our %ores4 ,also 9 mak+ a road ! aim ( ! man :o plans x is to avoid1 s f> z possible1 all asc5ts & desc5ts4 ,9 c>ry+ out ?is aim he raises ! road on embankm5ts :]e x passes ?r\gh l[ & m>%y gr\nds1 & makes cutt+s ?r\gh ! high] l&s4 ,:]e x runs ?r\gh su* a cutt+ ! roadside dit*es cat* & keep a little /ore ( wat] 9 a dry season1 & ?i!r plov]1 snipe1 r$%anks1 & dott]el br+ _! velvet-clad birdl+s to dr9k4 ,if ! season be wet1 ! road raises above ! m>% a comp>atively dry plat=m1 on :i* ! birds may re/ :5 n fe$+1 & ! roadside dykes (f] a %elt] f w9d & sun4 ,b our road draws feet & w+s to x 9 _m o!r ways4 ,x passes n[ ?r\gh cultivat$ fields1 ) dry /one dykes f5c+ x on ei!r side2 n[ x runs unf5c$ ?r\gh ! op5 moorl&1 & aga9 along ! v m>g9 ( ! sea4 ,"h x is bord]$ by m>%es & !re by a long rea* ( black peat-bog1 & ev]y:]e x woos ) v>i$ wiles ! liv+ ?+s ( e>? & air4 ,be=e ! dykes h se5 _m seasons !y beg9 to deck !mselves ) velvet mosses1 & to ! m9iature =e/s ( moss come insects ( ! less] sorts1 fly+ & creep+ ?+s1 r$ & br[n & blue4 ,9 pursuit ( ^! small de] come ! spid]s1 :i* lurk 9 crevices ( ! walls & spread _! cunn+ sn>es across ! m\?s ( culv]ts :]e f>m roads bran* (f f ! highway4 ,long-legg$ wat]-skat]s d>t to & fro among ! float+ we$s on ! surface ( ! /agnant dit*es2 & ov] ^! dit*es ! midges weave _! fanta/ic dances on summ] ev5+s4 ,! litt] ( pass+ traffic br+s hurry+1 busy1 burni%$ beetles1 :i* f9d h>b\rage 9 ! loosely pil$ banks ( dit* scrap+s t =m ! b\nd>y betwe5 highway & moorl&4 ,:]e ! road1 ) its g5]\s grassy m>g91 runs l a :ite ribbon ) gre5 bord]s ?r\gh ! br[n moors1 wild fl[]s t are *ok$ or hidd5 9 ! hea!r spread !mselves to ! sun%9e--primroses & daisies1 clov] r$ & :ite1 milkwort & torm5til1 hawkwe$ & violets1 ?yme & cr[foot3 _! v names read l a poem4 ,! numb] ( small wild fl[]s t gr[ 9 our roadside dit*es & )9 rea* ( ! road is amaz+ :5 "o beg9s to reckon !m4 ,"h ! /eep grassy bank is gorge\s ) rose-campion & ) ! purple & gold ( ! vet*es1 & all ! air is sweet ) ! p]fume ( wild mu/>d1 :i* ) ! pale yell[ ( its blossoms almo/ hides ! gre5 9 t field ( spr++ b>ley4 ,?is wet mead[1 on ei!r h& all agl[ ) ! p9k blossoms ( ! ragg$ rob91 a little e>li] 9 ! ye> _h its wide & %all[ dit*es glorifi$ by ! broad gre5 leaves & exquisite fea!ry blooms ( ! bog-bean1 :ile its dri] gr\nds 7 />r$ ) ! pale cups ( grass ( ,p>nassus4 ,9 spr+ ! v]nal squills %one on yond] hillocks ) a blue glory z ( ! sea 9 summ]4 ,on ?is long flat /ret* ( peat-bog ^! are n untimely sn[drifts b nodd+ pat*es ( cotton-grass4 ,9 autumn1 :5 a /rong w9d bl[s f t qu>t]1 all ! road w be /rewn ) ! silv]y1 silk5 d[n t makes s brave a %[ among ! purple hea!r ( ! bog4 ,lat] /ill 9 ! ye> ! same bog w gl[ ruddy z ) a p]petual sunset1 :5 ! long1 co>se grass r$d5s4 ,pass+ ?is way on "s gray aft]noon ! wayf>] w f9d x h>d to believe t ! 8*>m$ sunset0 has n sudd5ly %one out ?r\gh ! cl\ds 8l[ ad[n 9 ! r$ we/40 ,& ! peat-moss on :i* ! road is built has o!r glories--gre5 moss & moss z r$ z blood1 fairy cups ( silv] li*5 ) sc>let rims1 & long rea*es ( bog-asphodel1 %9+ l clo?-(-gold & sweet5+ ! w9ds ) _! fa9t1 delicate p]fume4 ,"h1 :]e our road runs on a firm] f\ndation1 gr[ ! wild will[s1 all l[-gr[+ & all add+ a beauty to ! ye> 9 _! catk9s4 ,:5 ! daisies h h>dly v5tur$ to ?ru/ _! heads into a cold _w ! catk9s gleam 9 silky silv]1 *ang+ z ! days l5g!n to yell[ gold4 ,lat] on "s ( !m are cov]$ ) an exquisite :ite d[n :i* floats _! se$s ab\t ! l&4 ,! little burns :i* our road bridges ripple & *att] ?r\gh m9iature =e/s ( f]ns & mead[-sweet1 ! foxglove %akes its bells above ! spl5d\r ( ! gorse1 & ! yell[ iris hides ! "y wild-duck t are mak+ _! way by dit* & brooklet to ! sea4 ,^! are b a few ( ! fl[]s ) :i* ! road g>l&s & b$ecks h]self to welcome ! little peoples :o love h]4 ,to ! fl[]s come all day long 9 summ] ! humble-bees4 ,^! little r$di%-yell[ fell[s1 hot & angry-look+1 h _! byke or ne/ 9 "s mossy bank or old turf dyke1 to :i* !y c>ry wax & honey = ! fa%ion+ ( a r\nd1 irregul>1 dirty-look+ comb4 ,! *ances are t !y w be despoil$ ( _! treasure by "s errant h]d-boy be=e ,july is half ov]4 ,_! great c\s9s 9 black velvet /rip$ ) gold pref] to live solit>y 9 "s des]t$ m\se-hole2 b !y _c1 = all _! swagg] & fi]ce looks1 save _! honey f ,boy ! ,dev\r]4 ,?\gh !re are no wasps 9 ,orcady1 ! roadside blossoms h visitors o!r ?an ! bees4 ,"h come ! :ite & br[n butt]flies1 & ^? da9ty little blue creatures ^: w+s are pa9t$ & ey$ l a peacock's tail4 ,& at night mo?s1 :ite1 yell[1 & gray1 flit l gho/s above ! sleep+ fl[]s1 or dance my/]i\sly 9 ! dusk on sil5t w+s4 ,:]e ! insects come1 !re foll[ ! insect-eat]s4 ,on a ,june ev5+ !re are p>ts ( ! road :]e "o may see kittiwakes & black-head$ gulls hawk+ = mo?s4 ,:eate>s & />l+s1 l>ks & pipits1 &1 m r>ely1 ?ru%es1 blackbirds1 & wr5s1 ) an occasional /one*at1 all come to prey on ! insect life ( ! road4 ,swall[s !re are none 9 ,orcady1 b ! ubiquit\s sp>r[ is !re4 ,to 8 cont5t$ m9d ! road (f]s a cont9ual fea/4 ,:5 ! birds set up h\sekeep+ 9 spr+1 _m ( !m *oose _! ne/+-places 9 ! ne> neighb\rhood ( ! road4 ,x seems almo/ z if !y argu$ t "h1 "u ! v eye ( man1 !y run less risk ( discov]y ?an fur!r afield1 :]e he may expect to f9d _! treasures4 ,f crannies ( ! loosely-built walls t b\nd ! road y may he> ! hungry broods ( />l+s1 sp>r[s1 & :eate>s *irp+ on e side z y pass 9 ,may4 ,i h se5 a ne/ful ( "y l>ks gape up ) _! fooli% yell[ ?roats f a tuft ( grass on ! v edge ( a roadside dit*1 & h f\nd a gr\se's ne/ 9 ! hea!r n fifty y>ds f ! mo/ man-frequ5t$ "p ( ! road4 ,yell[-hamm]s1 too1 & o!r bunt+s (t5 ne/ 9 ! long grass by ! dit*side4 ,"h1 9 a h$ge ( :9 or gorse :i* crosses ! road at "r angles1 are ! ne/s ( ! ?ru%1 ! blackbird1 & ! wr54 ,if y drive along our road 9 spr+ y %all see ! male pewit1 9 all ! glory ( 8 w$d+ g>m5ts1 scrap+1 a few y>ds f ! roadside1 ! %all[1 circul> holl[ 9 :i* 8 "y are to be hat*$2 & a little lat] y %all see 8 pati5t sp\se look up at y fe>lessly f h] eggs1 or ev51 if y\r pass+ be at noonday1 y may wat* h] slip (f ! ne/ z h] mate comes up beh9d to relieve h] 9 h] dome/ic duties4 ,= ^! birds h le>n$ t man on :eels is n to be fe>$1 ?\gh man on foot is "o ( _! mo/ dread$ enemies4 ,9 ,orcady !re are n _m f\r-foot$ wild ?+s1 b ^? t dwell among u are drawn to ! road z surely z ! birds are4 ,9 ! gloam+ rabbits come d[n to ! roadside clov] :]e ! bees h ga!r$ honey all day4 ,great br[n h>es1 too1 come lop+ leisurely along ! road--mov+ %ad[s t melt into ! dusk at ! lea/ al>m4 ,h>es always l to make _! =ms ne> a road ( "s sort1 = x af=ds !m a swift & ready means ( flight :5 !y are pursu$4 ,!y mu/ be h>d press$ inde$ be=e !y w dive l rabbits into roadside dra9s or culv]ts1 b ^! refuges are n to be despis$ :5 greyh\nd or lur*] is close ^u _! heels4 ,mice1 voles1 & rats f9d %elt] 9 ! banks ( road-scrap+s or 9 ! walls & dra9-m\?s2 & ! sea-ott] does n despise ! road :5 he makes a nocturnal exp$ition inl&4 ,x is n long s9ce a man :o 0 e>ly afoot on a summ] morn+ met a pair ( ott]s almo/ on ! /reet ( our sleep+ isl& capital4 ,seals1 ( c\rse1 _c use ! road1 b :]e x runs by ! sea-m>ge _! %9+ heads rise up f ! wat] to wat* ! pass]s-by1 & he :o is abroad be=e dawn may f9d !m on ! bea*es )9 a few y>ds ( ! roadway4 ,! de]1 roe1 foxes1 badg]s1 /oats1 weasels1 wild-cats1 & moles ( ,orcady are ev5 z ! snakes ( ,icel&4 ,tame cats ran wild1 h[ev]1 we d n lack1 & !y take _! ti! f ! road z surely z d ! hawks & falcons4 ,nei!r snakes1 liz>ds1 nor frogs are f\nd 9 ! isles1 b on a damp autumn ev5+ ! road is dott$ ) toads ( all sizes1 :i* sit gaz+ into inf9ity or hop clumsily f be=e ! pass+ :eel4 ,9 pursuit ( beetles1 mice1 & small birds1 hawks & owls come to ! road4 ,! ke/rel ( all hawks loves x ! mo/4 ,he sits ^u ! humm+ telegraph wires or hangs pois$1 l ,mahomet's c(f91 9 mid-air1 ev] wat*ful & ready to swoop d[n ^u 8 prey4 ,! same wires :i* give him a re/+-place (t5 furni% him ) food1 ready kill$ or disabl$4 ,:5 man fir/ set up 8 po/s along ! road & ?read$ !m ) an endless wire1 sad havoc 0 wr\ght among ! birds4 ,plov]--gre5 & gold5--snipe1 r$%anks1 & gr\se da%+ across ! road 9 ! dusk1 /ruck ! fatal wires & fell dead or maim$ by ! wayside4 ,i h se5 a blackbird fly %riek+ f a pr[l+ cat1 & /rike ! wire ) su* =ce t 8 head1 cut clean (f1 dropp$ at my v feet4 ,! old] birds appe> to h le>n$ a lesson f ! mis=tunes ( _! fell[s1 b e autumn "y birds1 new to _! w+s1 pay _! tribute ( victims to ! wires4 ,m especially is ?is ! case ) ! plov]s1 & ?\gh ! ke/rel r>ely t\*es s big a bird :5 x is :ole & s\nd1 he fea/s ^u _! w\nd$4 ,! h5-h>ri] skims to & fro along ! roadside dit*es1 b he is a w>y & cauti\s f[l1 & is nev] )9 gun%ot ( ! road :5 a man comes d[n t way4 ,! m]l91 t beautiful m9iature falcon1 glides swift & l[ across ! moors & mead[s1 fla%es sudd5ly ov] ! roadside dyke1 & be=e ! small birds h "t to realize t _! enemy is ^u !m1 he is gone aga9--only a little puff ( fea!rs float+ sl[ly d[n ! air %[+ :]e he /ruck 8 prey4 ,! p]egr9e :eels high ov]head1 b is too pr\d & %y a bird to hunt ^u man's roads4 ,nor has ! road any *>m = ! rav51 :o goes croak+ ho>sely ov] x on 8 way f %ore to hill4 ,! little %ort-e>$ owls hide all day among ! hea!r ne> our road1 & come flapp+ up 9 ! gloam+ on noiseless w+s to take _! %>e ( its good ?+s4 ,9 ! treeless isl&s ! ke/rel is n ! only bird t sits ^u ! wires4 ,!re ! />l+ s+s 8 weird love song1 m+l+ ) 8 own h>% notes ! calls ( e o!r bird t ! isl&s "k2 & ! bunt+s *ant _! lugubri\s & monoton\s ditties !re4 ,! telegraph wires are n ! only my/]i\s works ( man :i* h di/urb$ & int]f]$ ) ! fea!r$ life s ne> to & yet s f> ap>t f 84 ,:at a my/]y mu/ he be to ^? fell[-creatures :o wat* him1 ) 8 cont9ual scrat*+ & pat*+ ( ! brea/ ( k9dly ,"m ,e>?6 ,n :olly does he yield ! road to !m betwe5 sunset & sunrise2 b :5 he goes abroad 9 ! d>k x is (t5 9 ! guise ( a rumbl+ dragon ) great eyes ( flame4 ,once1 to ! writ]'s k1 a gannet swoop$ d[n 9 valiant ignorance on su* a horrid creature ( ! night4 ,he fla%$ sudd5ly1 :ite out ( ! d>kness1 into ! circle ( light ( a doctor's gig lamps4 ,t bold bird 8 fell[s saw no m2 & "o may fancy t ) 8 disappe>ance a new t]ror 0 add$ to ! fi]y-ey$ creatures t roam ! roads by night4 ,he di$1 ?\gh n )\t a fi]ce fight = 8 life2 & 8 sk91 cunn+ly fill$ out ) wire & /raw1 /&s "u a glass case 9 8 slay]'s home ev5 unto ?is day4 ,x is 9 spr+ & summ] t ! road sets =? its *oice/ lures = its lov]s1 yet ev5 9 8w9t] & r\gh wea!r0 x has its beauties = ! see+ eye4 ,! puddles & c>t-ruts %9e l dull silv] :5 ! cl\ds are heavy & gray ov]head4 ,:5 ! ra9 cl\d bl[s ov] & ! sky cle>s1 ^! same %all[ pools & *annels gleam ) a cold1 cle> blue1 m exquisite ?an t ( ! heav5s !y reflect2 & at night ! />s bespr9kle !m ) diamonds4 ,aga91-- 8,autumnal fro/s en*ant ! pool1 ,& make ! c>t-ruts beautiful40 8,:5 daisies g0--& ( all roadside blossoms !y l+] late/ & reappe> e>lie/ 7,i h se5 !m lift+ _! mode/ crimson-tipp$ heads 9 ,decemb] & op5+ _! yell[ eyes be=e ! coltsfoot />s beg9 to %9e7--b ev5 :5 !y are gone ! gray /one dykes h /ill a glory ( gre5 moss1 ( gray & gold5 li*5s4 ,:5 all ! l& is soak$ & sodd5 ) heavy ra9s1 ! road1 :]e x climbs t l[ br[n hill1 w sudd5ly %9e out across ! int]v5+ miles l a sword flung d[n among ! hea!r4 ,:5 ! w9t] ra9s h giv5 place to ! fir/ sn[fall ( ! ye>1 g out e>ly 9 ! morn+1 be=e ho(s & :eels h blott$ out ! traces ( ! night1 & y %all le>n1 z no?+ else save long & close obs]vation c tea* y1 h[ great is ! nocturnal traffic ( birds & bea/s ^u ! road4 ,l f9e lacework y %all f9d _! footpr9ts1 to & fro1 r\nd & across1 up ! middle & d[n aga94 ,h>es & rabbits1 rats & mice1 gulls & plov]s1 ?ru%es & l>ks1 wat]-h5s & wat]-rails--^! & _m m h be5 busy "h :ile y slept4 ,& ev5 n[ bright eyes are wat*+ y1 !mselves unse5--^? unsuspect$ eyes :i* are ev] ^u u z we foll[ ! road on our daily r\nd ( duty or pleasure4 ,d !y look on u ) fe> or wond]1 ) contempt or admiration1 or ) a m+l+ ( all ^! feel+s8 ,t we c nev] "k :ile ! great b>ri] ( sil5ce /&s betwe5 u & !m4 ,we blund] across _! lives1 do+ !m good & evil indiscrim9ately1 b we und]/& !m no m ?an !y c und]/& u4 ,n[ 9 w9t]1 new birds come to our road4 ,great flocks ( sn[-bunt+s1 circl+ & :eel+ ) m>vell\s precision1 at "o mom5t almo/ invisible--a dim1 br[n1 mov+ mi/--& ! next fla%+ a ?\s& po9ts ( silv] to ! level rays ( ! w9try sun4 ,scores ( gre5f9*es1 :i* we nev] see 9 summ]1 rise f ! road edges to circle a little way & settle aga94 ,! 8sp9k sp9k0 ( ! *aff9*1 also unkn[n to u 9 summ]1 may n[ be he>d2 fieldf>es spr+ *uckl+ ?r\gh ! air f> ov]head1 & r$-w+$ ?ru%es hop among ! /ubbles4 ,d[n ?is %all[ pass betwe5 ! l[ hills come 9 ! gloam+ ! l9es ( ! wild swans1 fly+ f ! upl& lo*s to ! sea4 ,_! trumpet call r+s f> ?r\gh ! fro/y air1 & z we he> !m !re /ir )9 u vague ?\ghts & dreams ( ! :ite nor? :5ce !y came4 ,z if answ]+ ! ?\ght1 ! wet road %9es ) a new1 fa9t1 une>?ly light1 z flick]+ up ! nor!rn sky come ! pale %ift+ /ream]s ( ! aurora borealis4 ,( ! human life t pulses int]mitt5tly along our road !re is n space n[ to write4 ,boy & girl1 y\? & maid51 man & woman1 day by day1 ye> 91 ye> out1 !y foll[ ! w9d+ l9e1 till = ea* 9 turn ! day comes :5 x leads !m to ! kirky>d or to ! sea1 & ! roads ( ,orcady "k !m no m4 ,,duncan ,j4 ,,rob]tson4 78,longman's ,magaz9e40 ,by p]mission47 ,illu/ration3 ,kirkwall ,pi]--a midnight photograph4 ,a ,,lo* ,,9 ,,orcady4 ,x is "o among _m1 9 an isl& :]e ! lo*s lie scatt]$ l fragm5ts ( ! sky fall5 among ! hills--"o among _m1 & "o ( ! lea/ kn[n ( !m all4 ,on x ! fi%]man ca/s no fly1 or ca/s x 9 va91 = fi% h nev] prosp]$ 9 its wat]s4 ,x c nev] be an ideal tr\t lo*1 = x is n f$1 l its si/] lo*s1 by ! innum]able small burns t *annel our l[ hills4 ,"o surface-f$ /reamlet inde$ fl[s into x1 a /reamlet h>dly wor?y ( ! c\rtesy-title x be>s2 b = ! mo/ "p its wat]s are drawn f ! secret s\rces ( ! spr+s4 ,its placid surface mirrors no hillsides purple ) hea!r & gre5 ) wav+ f]n1 b f its m>g9 ! l& rolls back 9 l[ bill[s1 squ>$ ) fields t ye> by ye> d>k5 "u ! pl\gh & smile aga9 9 due season ) ! homely crops ( ! isles4 ,yet ! little lo* has *>ms ( its own = ^? :o "k x--*>ms t its wild] & m romantic si/]s _c boa/4 ,n a qu>t] ( a mile f its we/]n %ore ! ,atlantic bill[s boom & ?und] ^u ! cliffs1 or roll 91 great & gre51 to bur/ & spread 9 a :irl+ smo!r ( foam ^u ! s&s2 & ! quiet ( ! inl& wat] is ?rice welcome to eye & e> :5 ^! are dazzl$ & we>i$ by ! ceaseless turmoil & tumult ( ! sea4 ,! valley 9 :i* lies ! lo* runs d[n to a deeply curv$ bay1 swept & sc\r$ out by ! sea1 :]e !re is a brea* 9 ! great cliff ramp>t t gu>ds our isl&'s we/]n coa/4 ,up ?is valley ! w9d has1 ?r\gh ! ages1 heap$ a huge s&hill :i* rolls & ripples "u its gre5sw>d d[n to ! lip ( ! bay4 ,betwe5 ! s& & ! clay lies ! lo*1 n>r[$ by ! ris+ slope ( s& t =ms its nor!rn bank4 ,at its ea/]n end is ! g]m ( a village4 ,a little %op1 a po/ (fice1 ! long1 l[ build+ :i* 0 a s*ool be=e ^! days ( s*ool bo>ds--^! & a few cottages /& betwe5 ! lo* & ! sunrise4 ,close to ! wat]'s edge runs ! highroad lead+ f a /eep little seaport t[n1 away ?r\gh ! quiet c\ntry1 lur+ m5 to ! sea & ! great _w ( adv5ture beyond x4 ,= ) u isles-folk ! tune t s+s itself 9 ! dreams ( y\? is n 8,ov] ! hills10 b 8,ov] ! seas & f> away40 ,along ! nor!rn %ore1 z close z may be to ! wat]1 runs ano!r road--a road t leads to ! kirk & ! kirkyaird1 &1 incid5tally1 to ! laird's h\se4 ,yet because m51 :o made ! road1 mu/ pres]ve an app>5t sobriety & /raightness ( purpose1 :ile ,nature1 :o laid ! l9e betwe5 l& & wat]1 ne$ c>e no?+ = h] reputation1 !re runs betwe5 ! road & ! wat] a grassy m>g94 ,"h x is ( ! n>r[e/1 & !re x spreads out into m9iature capes & p59sulas1 :]e teal love to re/ 9 ! e>ly morn+1 & rabbits come d[n to nibble ! juicy wat]-plants long be=e man is afoot4 ,illu/ration3 ,"s 8,big ,hooses40--,i4 #a4 ,skaill1 ,s&wick4 #b4 ,b9sc>?4 #c4 ,hall ( ,tank]ness4 #d4 ,we/ness1 ,r\say4 #e4 ,holodyke1 ,h>ray4 ,on ! o!r side ( ! road ! s&bank rises /eep & gre51 a cliff ( s&y sw>d sometimes atta9+ a height ( full tw5ty feet4 ,!re ! rabbits h _! outpo/s4 ,! gre5 turf is splot*$ ) ! scatt]$ s& f _! burr[s1 & _! :ite tails bob & flutt] among ! m\nds !y h made4 ,?is is b ! flank ( ! s&hill4 ,f>!r to ! we/1 :]e man has nev] pl\gh$ ! s&1 ! lo* is b\nd$ by l[1 gre5 l9ks :i* sw>m ) rabbits4 ,bunk]s & haz>ds !re are to delight ! s\l ( ! golf]2 yet hi!r t lov] ( l9ks comes b seldom4 ,! rabbits & ! birds h x all to !mselves1 save :]e "s little fields are set amid ! l9ks1 & "o or two h\ses ( m54 ,out ( ! turf ( ! bank projects a great /one1 gray ) li*51 & look+ l ! brok5 & petrifi$ %aft ( a mighty spe> flung by "o ( ! giants :o ( old wag$ a titanic w>f>e f isle to isle4 ,yet if a vague leg5d be true1 ! great /one is r "s bewit*$ liv+ creature wait+ ! break+ ( spells2 =1 s !y say1 !re is a c]ta9 night 9 ea* ye> :5 x leaves its s&y b$ & goes d[n to qu5* its ?ir/ 9 ! wat]s ( ! lo*4 ,yet ! birds d n fe> x4 ,! :eate> j]ks & bobs ^u its topmo/ edge z we gaze & wond] h[ & :5 he came hi!r4 ,!n ) a flirt ( 8 tail he is (f to repeat 8 *e]ful1 tuneless call ^u ! ne>e/ m\nd4 ,at its we/]n end ! lo* wid5s & is divid$ into two little bays1 a bay ( s& & a bay ( mud4 ,9 ! m nor!rly ( ^! bays !re is be+ f\ght a long skirmi% 9 ! great1 sl[1 endless w> betwe5 l& & wat]2 & n[ victory leans t[>ds ! l&1 = ! s&1 bl[+ up day by day f ! sea1 settles "h 9 ! %all[ wat] & drives x back4 ,tw5ty ye>s ago1 betwe5 ! lo*'s edge & ! l9ks lay a field ( %9+ yell[ s&1 to :i* ! gold5 plov] 7 wont to come d[n 9 great flocks ( an autumn ev5+4 ,once ! s& _h e/abli%$ itself1 ! advance ( grass & fl[]s began4 ,pu%+ =w>d a vangu>d ( re$s & ru%es1 !y pursu$ _! /eady m>* d[n to ! wat]'s edge2 & n[1 :]e ! s&s 71 is a grassy mead[1 />r$ 9 its season ) ! pale blooms ( ! grass ( ,p>nassus1 its l&w>d side me%$ by rabbit tracks1 ! t9y rivulets w9d+ ?r\gh x beset ) sc5t$ b$s ( wild pepp]m9t & haunt$ by snipe1 & its out] m>g9 giv+ cov] to duck & coots1 to wat]-h5s & dab*icks4 ,!re are little islets beyond ! mead[1 "s grass-gr[n1 "s /ill ( b>e s&1 & a little s&y bea* at "o place1 :]e r$%anks & r+$ plov] run 9 ! %all[s4 ,?i!r too come ! dunl9 & ! s&pip]1 & r>] birds--knots & ruffs1 gre5%anks ) _! triple call1 & :imbrels1 ! 8summ] :aups0 ( ! isles-folk4 ,"h y may wade1 knee-deep 9 cle> wat]1 to ! v out] edge ( ! re$s & f9d all ! way a foot+ on h>d s&4 ,& ! re$s w yield _! secrets4 ,on ?is heap$ pyramid ! little grebe is hat*+ h] eggs1 & t re$y plat=m is a coot's ne/4 ,or at a lat] season y may *ance1 if ! ,fates be k9d1 to cat* a glimpse ( scurry+ dusky duckl+s vani%+ among ! gre5 /ems1 :ile _! "m flutt]s (f1 mak+-believe to h a brok5 w+4 ,a wide1 %all[ dit* divides ! m>% f ! fields on ! s\?1 & :]e ! dit* ends an old /one wall beg9s1 m>*es a little way t[>ds ! wat]1 & !n breaks (f to run r\nd ! bay ( mud1 & s up along ! s\? %ore ( ! lo*4 ,:]e x turns (f1 ?is wall seems at "o "t to h m$itat$ an advance into ! wat]1 & 9 its retreat has left a tumbl$ /raggle ( /ones :i* runs out along a little cape4 ,"h at twilight come great gray h]ons1 %\t+ ho>sely1 to sit gaz+ into ! wat]s4 ,"h1 too1 curlews are wont to ga!r1 keep+ well out ( gun%ot f wall or dit*4 ,! s\!rn bay--! bay ( mud--holds a great re$-b$1 :]e %elt] _m wat]-f[l4 ,! swans bre$ !re1 ) coot & wat]-h5 & grebe4 ,!re1 too1 come ! wild duck aft] _! k9d1 mall>d & teal1 po*>d & scaup1 gold5-eye & m]gans]4 ,b ! bottom !re is muddy & trea*]\s1 & x is a v d\btful pleasure to foll[ ! wild-f[l ?r\gh _! haunts 9 ! re$s4 ,ab\t ! inn] m>g9 ( ! re$-b$1 among ! grassy tussocks & muddy pools1 is a fav\rite fe$+-gr\nd = snipe4 ,!re1 too1 ! pewits ga!r1 & gulls ( _m k9ds1 :ile r$%anks rise scream+ f ! wat]'s edge4 ,out 9 ! middle ( ! lo* is a small islet or holm4 ,?is islet is ne/$ on e summ] by a colony ( black-head$ gulls4 ,!re1 too1 ! t]ns bre$1 & !re ! great :ite-brea/$ cormorants1 :i* come up aft] ! eels ( ! lo*1 sit ) black w+s widespread 9 ! sunlight4 ,! circl+1 scream+ cl\d ( gulls :i* hov]s ov] ! islet is a sight nev] to be =gott51 & ! v ?\ght ( ! s\nd ( _! call+ br+s back ^? wond]ful summ] days :5 all ! _w 0 "y1 & a bright] sun %one 9 a blu] sky4 ,!re are m5 scatt]$ "h & !re ab\t ! _w :o look back to ! lo* & its environs z to an e>?ly p>adise2 & ev] 9 _! dreams ! lo*1 ! l9ks1 ! %ore are b a belov$ & beautiful backgr\nd to "o c5tral figure--a boy ) a gun4 ,! seasons may *ange & m+le1 z seasons d 9 dreams1 b ! boy treads aga9 ! famili> places1 & r5ews 8 old disappo9tm5ts & triumphs4 ,ea* man sees diff]5t pictures & a diff]5t boy1 b a boy ) a gun is always !re4 ,x is /range to ?9k t !re may be o!r boys to-day :o hold ! lo* & all its pleasant places 9 fee z we hold x by ! t5ure ( our memories4 ,/rang] /ill to ?9k ( all ! vani%$ boys1 back ?r\gh ! ye>s1 ! g5]ations1 ! c5turies1 :o h lov$ our little lo*1 hunt$ by its m>g9s1 & dream$ /range dreams among ! sunny holl[s ( ! l9ks4 ,c\ld !y return to-day1 islesman born1 ,norseman1 ,pict1 or ,scot1 !y w\ld f9d _m *anges2 = man is ev] busy improv+ & alt]+ ! face ( 8 k9dly ,"m ,e>?3 yet ! lo* !y w\ld see b little *ang$4 ,! wat]s %9e z ( old "u ! same sunlight1 or ruffle into m9iature :ite-capp$ bill[s ) ! autumn w9ds1 & by night !y mirror ! un*ang+ />s4 ,! spl5d\r ( ! s&hills 9 summ]1 :5 !y robe !mselves l k+s ) ! purple & gold ( cr[foot & ?yme2 ! hot sc5t ( wild pepp]m9t cru%$ "u foot2 ! trumpet call ( ! wild swans r++ ?r\gh ! fro/y air on w9t] nights2 ! pip+s & flut+s ( ! wat]-f[l among ! summ] re$s2 ! scream+ ( falcons & croak+ ( rav5s f ! cliffs2 & ov]head1 f dawn to dusk1 9 ! long days ( ! nor!rn summ]1 ! myriad music ( ! l>ks2--all ^! ?+s !y w\ld f9d un*ang$4 ,& ?\gh ! little f5ces & fields1 ! roads1 ! byres & b>ns ( m5 h *ang$ ! ne>] sc5e1 yet man has n alt]$ ! 8belov$ outl9e ( famili> hills10 nor sil5c$ ! deep music ( ! et]nal sea4 ,,duncan ,j4 ,,rob]tson4 78,longman's ,magaz9e40 ,by p]mission47 ,illu/ration ,,among ,,! ,,kelp]s4 ,9 ! end ( ,m>* & ! beg9n+ ( ,april1 :5 ! isles rise br[n f a /eel-gray1 w9d-ruffl$ sea1 _! b>e unlovel9ess is veil$ by pale blue smoke-drifts1 :i* ca/ ov] ! l[1 slop+ %ores a c]ta9 *>m ( remot5ess & ( my/]y4 ,lat] 9 ! ye>1 :5 ! summ] seas are only less blue ?an ! skies above !m1 & e isl& %9es l an em]ald1 :ite jets & spirals z f _m alt>s rise r\nd all ! %ores4 ,= spr+ & summ] are ! kelp]'s seasons1 & long1 dry days1 :i* scor* & )] ! "y crops1 are welcome to ! cr(t] :o has secur$ a good /ock ( 8tangles0 9 w9t] & a big %>e 9 a 8brook ( w>e10 n[ t 8burn+ wea!r0 has come4 ,until rec5tly no kelp 0 burn$ aft] ,lammas--t is1 ,augu/ #b--;b ( late ye>s1 :5 ! season has be5 dry1 ! fires h be5 burn$ ev5 s late z ,octob]4 ,! kelp]'s ye> may be reckon$ f mid-,novemb]4 ,!n he is paid = 8 "w 9 ! ye> t is end$4 ,!n ! gales sweep up f nor? or we/1 te>+ f its deep sea-b$ ! r$-w>e1 ( :i* ! long supple /ems are kn[n to ! islesm5 z 8tangles40 ,%\ld ! w9d fre%5 to a gale dur+ ! night1 ! dilig5t kelp] is up & out be=e ! fir/ glimm] ( dawn4 ,buffet$ by ! w9d & la%$ by ! /++ spray1 he pe]s ?r\gh ! d>kness1 wat*+ = ^? %ad[s aga9/ ! :ite surf ( ! break+ waves :i* he kn[s to be roll+ masses ( seawe$ & wrack4 ,he is arm$ ) a 8pick10 an implem5t resembl+ a v /rong hay=k1 b ) ! prongs set1 l ^? ( a rake1 at "r angles to ! h&le4 ,) ?is pick1 /ruggl+ (t5 mid-?igh deep 9 ! ru%+ wat]s1 he grapples ! tumbl+ seawe$ & drags x up ! bea*1 out ( rea* ( ! waves4 ,= ! w9d may *ange1 & ! 8brook10 z he calls a drift ( we$1 if n secur$ at once1 may be c>ri$ out to sea aga91 or ev5 worse1 to "s o!r /r& :]e x w be lo/ to him4 ,( c\rse1 ! w9ds & waves (t5 d ?is "w alone1 & pile ! tangles 9 huge1 glitt]+ rolls along ! bea*es4 ,:5 ! brook is fairly on ! /r&1 ! "w ( ! kelp] is only begun4 ,he has to c>ry ! tangles f ! bea* to ! seabanks above1 9 c>ts :]e t is possible1 & :]e no c>ts c pass1 !n labori\sly on h&-b>r[s4 ,i "k ( "o /r& on :i* ! great gale ( ,novemb] #ahic l&$ a brook ( tangles :i* kept ! kelp]s busy = ?ree mon?s4 ,once on ! banks1 ! tangles are /ack$ 9 great heaps on 8/ei?s10 or f\ndations built ( sea-r\nd$ /ones arrang$ 9 su* fa%ion z to give free +ress to ! air4 ,!re !y lie till spr+1 :5 by ! action ( w9d & sun !y h become h>d1 dry1 & wr9kl$--br&s ready = ! burn+4 ,illu/ration3 ,"s 8,big ,hooses40--,,ii4 #a4 ,trumbl&1 ,r\say4 #b4 ,graeme%all1 ,holm4 #c4 ,melsett]4 #d4 ,balf\r ,ca/le4 #e4 ,smoogro1 ,orphir4 ,only ! tangles c be dri$ 9 w9t]2 b ! s(t] p>ts--! foliage1 "o may call x--( ! r$-w>e is n lo/1 b goes to manure ! fields1 & until a suffici5t quantity has be5 obta9$ = t purpose none is made into kelp4 ,ea* proprietor 9 ! isl&s has "r1 g5]ally "u a *>t] f ! ,cr[n1 to ! we$ ca/ up on 8 %ores4 ,ea* w>e-/r&1 or bea* :]e drift-we$ comes to l&1 is set ap>t = a c]ta9 numb] ( t5ants on ! e/ate to :i* x belongs1 & ea* brook ( w>e z x comes a%ore is divid$ among ^! t5ants1 usually 9 proportion to _! r5ts4 ,! g5]al cu/om is1 t x is decid$ by lot f :i* portion ( ! brook ea* man %all draw 8 %>e4 ,! middle is g5]ally consid]$ ! be/ "p1 z !re ! we$ is 9 its greate/ bulk1 & less roll$ & beat5 by ! sea ?an at ! ends2 b x may happ5 t "o end is ne> ! only "p ( ! bea* :]e ! w>e c be c>ri$ up1 & !n ! man :o draws 8 lot !re is sav$ mu* lab\r4 ,! %>+ ( ! w>e is a f]tile se$ ( dispute & an inexhau/ible s\rce ( qu>rel4 ,! 8kelp grieve10 or ov]se] :o acts = ! proprietor1 g5]ally settles all disputes2 & ea* kelp]1 ) ! aid ( 8 family1 c>ries up 8 %>e ( ! brook1 & spreads x on ! dry+-gre5s4 ,^! are mo/ frequ5tly l9ks t "k n cleek or driv]1 & ^u !m 9 ! e>ly morn+ ! w>e is spread1 z ?9ly z may be1 to be dri$ on ! %ort1 crisp grass by sun & w9d4 ,to ! man ^: daily life is built ab\t ) /one & lime1 ! summ] "w ( ! kelp]s %9es tempt+ z ! wat]s to ,tantalus4 ,he ?9ks n ( t kelp] 9 w9t]1 plung+ & /ruggl+ ) ! slipp]y tangles amid ! turmoil ( ! surf1 b dreams only ( quiet summ] days & ! gray glimm] ( sunlit wat]s se5 ?r\gh a veil ( drift+ smoke4 ,illu/ration3 ,kelp-burn+4 ,! l9ks roll d[n 9 long1 gre5 bill[s f ! ru9s ( an old feudal ca/le1 :]e ! br[n rabbit is ! door-w>d1 & 9 ^: t[]s ! />l+ ne/s unsc>$--roll d[n to a little bay1 :]e ! long waves ( ! ,atlantic come up unceas+ly1 curv+ 9 great1 gre5 ar*es1 be=e !y break 9 ?und] ( :ite foam on ! br[n rocks & yell[ s&4 ,:]e ! grass is ?9 & scant ! s& %9es ?r\gh1 & ?is makes a bad dry+-gre51 z kelp is ( less value :5 mix$ ) s&4 ,b "h is a %ort1 close turf1 nibbl$ ^u by rabbits1 a rac+-gr\nd = lambs1 :]e ! ?rift or sea-p9k meets ! mead[-clov]1 & ?yme & cr[foot break 9 ripples ( purple & gold to sweet5 all ! summ] air4 ,?an ?is a bett] dry+-gre5 _c be f\nd4 ,on "o side ( ! bay a long /ret* ( flat rocks runs d[n f ! grass to ! sea1 & !y too are utiliz$1 :5 tides all[1 to dry ! seawe$4 ,"h1 9 ,may & ,june1 ! :ole air t+les ) ! song ( l>ks innum]able4 ,long be=e sunrise1 be=e ! la/ />s h fad$ 9 ! we/1 !y are up1 weav+ a magical g>m5t ( song ov] all ! gre5 l&4 ,all day & f> into ! dim twilight t is our nor!rn night !y s+ )\t ceas+4 ,l>ks are ev]y:]e4 ,9 t tuft ( grass at our feet is a ne/ ) f\r ( ! dusky-br[n eggs :i* hold next ye>'s music4 ,!re1 9 ! dit* by ! roadside1 is ano!r ne/1 f :i* ! fea!rless "y raise feeble necks to gape = food1 %[+ _! yell[ tongues ) ! ?ree black spots1 :i* *ildr5 "h are told w appe> on ! tongue ( t *ild :o takes ! lav]ock's ne/4 ,aga91 a fl$gel+1 speckl$ l a toad1 rises sudd5ly f ! clov] & flies a few y>ds1 :ile its anxi\s p>5ts circle close ov]head ) little tremul\s bur/s ( song1 or flutt] ) trail+ w+ along ! grass4 ,t pret5ce ( a brok5 w+1 :i* n[ seems to be an in/9ct1 mu/ surely at fir/ h be5 arriv$ at by a process ( reason+4 ,!re mu/ h be5 long s9ce a brok5 w+1 & a boy1 or a dog1 or a snake to *ase ! flutt]+ suff]]1 & "s wise obs]v] among ! "m-birds ( t =gott5 day to see & make a note ( ! *ase1 & ) ! he>t-leap ( a happy inspiration to f9d 9 x a new me?od ( protect+ h] eggs & t5d] "y1 & to h& d[n ! lesson %e le>n$ to our bli!some bird ( ! wild]ness4 ,b ?is summ] _w1 s ?rill$ ) l>k music1 is n held by ! l>k alone 9 fee4 ,f e dry-/one wall "y />l+s are call+1 8,*irr6 *irr6 *irr60 & ! old birds hurry to & fro betwe5 _! ne/s & ! br[n fields1 soon to wave ) oats & b]e1 :]e !y ga!r ! insects & grubs _! y\ngl+s love4 ,_! bronze fea!rs gleam 9 ! sun%9e z !y pass1 & at _! h>% note ( w>n+ z !y see /rang]s ne> _! homes ! tumult ( ! "y birds among ! /ones is in/antly hu%$4 ,! f>m] owes ^! *e]ful & busy birds a heavy debt ( gratitude1 z ! numb] ( 8 insect enemies :i* !y de/roy is incalculable4 ,on ! smoo? turf ! dri$ w>e is pil$ 9 conical heaps1 l giant molehills1 to pres]ve x f ! heavy night dews & f possible ra91 & among ! br[n hillocks ! :eate> bobs up & d[n1 flirt+ 8 tail & repeat+ 8 *e]ful 8,t*k6 t*k6 *ek-o6 *ek-o60 ,at times ! rapture ( summ] & ( 8 love inspire him ) a va9 desire ( song4 ,up he goes1 z if he 7 9 v de$ ! skyl>k he takes z 8 model1 utt]+ h>% & unmelodi\s notes--a feeble trave/y ( ! gold5 ra9 ( song t falls f ! blue above him4 ,b 8 flight ext5ds upw>ds only a y>d or two1 & he s9ks d[n aga91 *uckl+ to himself1 z pleas$ ) 8 song z any m9or poet4 ,z ! day we>s d[n to aft]noon ! corncrakes beg9 to call f ! "y grass1 & all night long !y answ] ea* o!r f field to field4 ,speak ( !m to ! kelp]s1 & ev]y:]e "o he>s ! same /ory ( _! hib]nation 9 old walls4 ,t l&rails migrate has be5 prov$ beyond "q1 b equally beyond "q does x seem t "s few sleep out ! w9t] "h4 ,any kelp] w tell h[ he1 or if n he himself !n "s "o ( 8 neighb\rs1 once 9 w9t] f\nd a corncrake 9 "s old dyke1 to all appe>ance dead4 ,he c>ri$ x home1 &1 lay+ x be=e ! fire1 wat*$ ! dea?-l trance sl[ly melt into life & motion4 ,z to ! w9t] sleep ,i c only speak at second-h&2 b ,i h se5 ! birds 9 summ] run l rats into ! dry-/one dykes ) :i* our cr(t]s s love to encumb] & adorn _! l&4 ,t ^! dykes c be meant only = ornam5t is evid5t to ! mo/ casual obs]v] 9 ?is l& :]e ponies1 c[s1 %eep1 ay1 & ! v geese1 are (ttimes te!r$ by ! leg4 ,yet if ! dykes s]ve no o!r purpose1 !y provide ne/+-places = ! />l+ & ! :eate>1 = ! rock-pipit & ! sp>r[1 :i* save ! crops ( ! cr(t] f de/ruction by grub & fly4 ,mice also %elt] 9 !m1 & rats 9 ^? isl&s :]e rats are f\nd4 ,9 ! happy isle ( :i* ,i write no rat c live4 ,!y come a%ore "t & aga9 f vessels t\*+ at ! little pi] ne> ! village1 b :]e !y g or :at fate awaits !m none c tell--only ?is1 t !y are se5 no m on ! gre5 lap ( ! _w4 ,b we h left ! w>e too long 9 ! sun4 ,%\ld ra9 come1 ! kelp] sees mu* ( 8 pr(it melt away1 = ! salt :i* x causes to cry/allize on ! dri$ we$ wa/es1 & :at is left makes inf]ior kelp4 ,all along ! edges ( ! dry+-gre5s are ! burn+ pits or kilns--holl[s = all ! _w l huge plov]s' ne/s 9 %ape1 l9$ ) flat blue /ones f ! bea*4 ,!y are ab\t two feet deep & "s five feet 9 diamet]4 ,:5 ! w>e is ready to be burn$ a sm\ld]+ peat or a h&ful ( light$ /raw is laid 9 ! bottom ( ! pit4 ,ov] ?is dry w>e is pil$1 sl[ly at fir/ till ! fire cat*es1 & ev] m rapidly z ! r$ core ( sm\ld]+ flame waxes4 ,sometimes w>e & tangles are burn$ sep>ately1 b m frequ5tly ! kelp] burns !m toge!r4 ,! tangles make ! /rong] & bett] kelp4 ,! pit is fill$1 & ! w>e or tangles are pil$ on till ! mass rises two feet or m above ! level ( ! e>?4 ,!n = six or eight h\rs x mu/ be c>efully wat*$ & t5d$1 & ev] new fuel pil$ on to prev5t a bur/ ( flame4 ,:5 tangles are be+ burnt alone1 ! kelp] f9i%es (f 8 pit ) dri$ w>e1 z o!rwise ! t\gh] knots & lumps ( ! late/ burn$ tangles w\ld n be ?or\ghly consum$4 ,ea* pit holds ab\t half a ton1 & takes ! be/ "p ( a summ] day to burn1 ! actual "t dep5d+ on ! /ate ( ! w9d & ! condition ( ! we$4 ,:5 at la/ x sm\ld]s l[1 x is 8rak$0 be=e be+ left to cool4 ,"o man takes a spade ) a v small blade & a h&le fully sev5 feet long1 ! l[] half be+ ( iron2 two o!r work]s1 z (t5 wom5 z m51 h 8rakes10 implem5ts n unlike a r\gh c>icature ( a golf]'s iron1 b ) h&les z long z t ( ! spade4 ,) ^! rakes ! kelp is mix$ & smoo!d1 :ile ! spadesman turns x up f ! bottom ( ! pit4 ,h>d "w x is & hot1 great jets ( flame %oot+ out "u ! spade f :at looks l gray crumbl+ e>? m+l$ ) black a%es & :ite qu>tz2 = ! kelp assumes s _m col\rs & =ms t to describe x accurately 7 impossible4 ,z ! kelp] turns & tosses ! gl[+ mass on a w>m ,june ev5+1 he kn[s he has come ne> ! end ( t lab\r :i* began 9 ! gray w9t] dawn1 :5 ! rolls ( r$-we$ la%$ ab\t him amid ! ro>+ backwa% ( ! waves4 ,:5 ! kelp has be5 suffici5tly mix$1 ! pit is levell$ & smoo!d ov]1 all ! outly+ a%es are swept 9 ) a h&ful ( dry w>e1 & x is left to cool & h>d54 ,!n1 z ! kelp]s turn homew>ds1 ! :ite sea fog creeps up by ! rocks :]e all day long ! kelp smoke drift$4 ,su* is ! "w ( ! kelp]1 & su* ! places ( 8 toil4 ,an easy & a pleasant life x is comp>$ to t ( ! m5 :o lab\r 9 ! b[els ( ! e>? or 9 ! great manufactories ( smoke-d>k5$ cities4 ,he has ! gre5 turf "u 8 foot & ! cle> sky ov] him1 ! sea makes music = him unceas+ly1 & ! salt w9ds br+ him heal? & /r5g?4 ,! furr$ & fea!r$ folks %>e 8 l& ) him1 & ga!r _! h>ve/ on ! same %ores4 ,z he goes to 8 "w 9 ! morn+1 ?r\gh ! silv] mi/s ( dawn1 a flock ( blue rock-doves ) great clatt] ( w+s fla% (f ?r\gh ! cle> air4 ,! r$%ank pipes %rilly at him f ! cope/one ( ! ne>e/ wall1 & ov] ! pl\gh$ fields :]e _! preci\s eggs are ly+ ! pewits :eel & scream4 8,pewit-weet6 pee-weet60--_! note has 9 x = ! isles folk1 to :om ! cuckoo is b a "n1 ! v voice ( spr+ & hope & love4 ,! r+$ plov] /&s motionless on 8 ?ree-to$ yell[ feet1 call+ ) 8 sweet1 l[ note1 & invisible save to ! ke5e/ eye until he makes a little run & betrays himself4 ,l9nets sw+ & s+ on ! sway+ ?i/les & among ! hea!r4 ,on ! blue wat]s ( ! bay a little fleet ( eid] ducks is afloat1 & _! curi\s1 ho>se1 b>k+ *uckle rolls up ov] ! wat]s4 ,p]haps a seal raises 8 r\nd head1 %9+ l a bottle1 & gazes ) mild eyes at ! m5 ^u ! bea*es2 :ile ov]head gulls & t]ns sw+ pa/1 cleav+ ! /rong air ) c>eless w+4 ,f> out to sea ! :ite gannets hawk to & fro4 ,sudd5ly "o poises 9 mid-air = a mom5t1 !n drops l a /one into ! wat]1 a f\nta9 ( :ite spray fla%+ up 9 ! sunlight z he disappe>s4 ,y\r kelp] w tell y h[ 9 8 y\ng] days he caught ! solan geese by means ( a h]r+ fa/5$ to a bo>d & sunk a few in*es bel[ ! surface ( ! wat]4 ,! bird sees ! fi%1 poises1 & swoops d[n only to drive 8 mighty bill ?r\gh ! bo>d & break 8 neck4 ,ne>] %ore ?an ! gannets ! kittiwakes are fi%+1 :5 sudd5ly !re glides among !m a dusky skua1 :o =ces ! luckie/ fi%] to drop 8 spoil1 :i* ! ravag] cat*es 9 mid-air & be>s (f4 ,a true pirate ( ! air is ! skua1 & rem9ds me always ( ^? l[1 d>k feluccas s dreadful & s de> to ! sailor on ! high seas ( romance4 ,f> up 9 ! blue e!r a p]egr9e falcon sweeps r\nd1 circl+ wide on motionless1 outspread w+s1 or a rav5 goes croak+ f ! cliffs to seek a prey1 z he may h done = ye>s unnumb]$4 ,if ! tradition ( 8 longevity may be believ$1 t d>k corbie :o flies croak+ ov] ! kelp]s toil+ 9 ! morn+ sunlight1 & sees ! :ite smoke rise f _! h>mless kilns--:at fires may he n h se5 ^u ^! bea*es1 & :at /range smoke ( sacrifice g up f =gott5 alt>s to ! un*ang+ heav5s8 ,give him ev5 a %ort] lease ( life ?an t :i* tradition assigns him1 & /ill he may rememb] ! blaz+ beacons leap up to c>ry f isle to isle a w>n+ ( ! com+ ( ,norse invad]s4 ,all[ him only two %ort c5turies1 & yet he mu/ h wat*$ ! smoke ( _m a burn+ home/ead 9 ! days :5 ! foll[]s ( ! 8,wee1 wee ,g]man ,lairdie0 av5g$ _! private wrongs 9 ! "n ( _! k+4 ,! old] m5 among ! kelp]s /ill tell tales ( ! ,jacobite lairds :o lay hid l conies 9 ! clefts ( ! rocks till ^! calamities 7 ov]pa/4 ,! old /ories--! folk-tales ( ! isles--l+] fragm5t>y among ! kelp+ p4 ,"o may he> f !m h[ all ! fairies 7 se5 to leave "s isl& rid+ on tangles1 & h[ !y all w5t d[n 9 ! w9dy fir?1 nev] to be se5 aga9 ( mortals4 ,"h is a man1 b[$ & crippl$ by rheumatism1 :o w tell h[ he 0 %ot 9 ! back by a 8hill-ane0 :5 pl\gh+4 ,he saw n 8 assailant1 b only ! %ad[ ( him on ! e>?4 ,ano!r old man rememb]s hav+ 8 side hurt z a boy1 & go+ to a 8wise woman0 to be cur$4 ,%e told him he _h be5 8=espok50--t is1 bewit*$--by a woman !n dead1 & made him dr9k wat] mix$ ) e>? f ! 8=e-speak]'s0 grave4 ,%e !n put a hoop cov]$ ) a %eep's sk9 on 8 head1 a bas9 ( wat] on t1 & p\r$ melt$ lead ?r\gh ! head ( a key into ! wat]1 giv+ ! pati5t a piece ( ! lead 9 ! =m ( a he>t z a *>m4 ,! cure wr\ght by ?is mod]n ,norna 0 n1 h[ev]1 effectual4 ,!re are _m qua9t & ev5 beautiful turns ( spee* among ^! h>d-work+ cr(t]s4 ,_! faces %9e on my memory r$ l sett+ suns ?r\gh ! :ite reek ( ! kelp pits4 ,"h is "o ^: fa!rs fl$ f ,p]?%ire aft] 8! '#de10 & :o ?9ks t "s day he w\ld l to g back to see ! old place aga9--! 8old place0 :i* none ( 8 h look$ ^u = "o hundr$ & =ty ye>s6 ,he toils night & day 9 summ] cultivat+ 8 cr(t1 fi%+ = lob/]s1 & mak+ kelp4 ,8 r5t is p]haps sev5 or eight p\nds4 ,books1 y w\ld ?9k1 mu/ be unkn[n to him2 yet he w tell y he has 8always be5 a great read] ( ,sir ,walt] ,scott's works10 & "u ! spell ( t mighty wiz>d 8 h>d life has budd$ & wrea!d itself ) romance4 ,at ! next pit is a man ( a v diff]5t type4 ,quiet & sl[1 ?is man has l$ an hone/ life1 ) an eye ev] to ! ma9 *ance4 ,press$ once = an answ] to "s "q important to ! settl+ ( a kelp dispute1 aft] va9 attempts at evasion1 he bur/ out1 8,gie me "t1 ,mr4 ,blank1 to w9d up me m9d40 ,across ! bay ! pits are wat*$ by an old ba*elor--a r>a avis among ! kelp]s--a little1 clean-%av51 m\se-l man1 :o has 8money 9 ! bank40 ,he holds a cr(t :]e 8 ance/ors h dwelt long] ?an ! memory ( man ext5ds4 ,! peat fire sm\ld]+ on 8 he>? has1 to 8 c]ta9 k1 burn$ unqu5*$ = two hundr$ ye>s4 ,h[ mu* long] ago x 0 k9dl$ tradition recorde? n4 ,e night 8 la/ "w is to 8re/0 t preci\s fire1 & e morn+ x claims 8 e>lie/ c>e4 ,all 8 life he has toil$1 ga!r+ a h>ve/ bo? f l& & sea1 & a h>ve/ ( cont5t & happ9ess z well1 su* z few cr(t]s "k h[ to reap4 8,:5 ,i come oot on a f9e simm] morn+ at f\r o'clock wi' nev] ani!r reek b me a91 ,i'm laird o' a' ! l& z f> z ,i c see40 ,he has ! secret ( ! lord%ip ( ! eye1 :i* c give to a p5niless man m pr(it ( ! pleasant e>? ?an to ! greate/ "l ( l& among !m all4 ,look at ?is fell[1 gaunt1 black1 & %aggy2 he might be "o ( ,pun*'s ,scot* eld]s4 ,ask$ if he rememb]$ "s ev5t ( ?irty ye>s ago--8,no1 sir10 he said4 8,ye see1 ,i wasna at hame !n2 ,i 0 div9' 9 ! face o' ! sea = a liv9'40 ,he _h be5 a fi%]man1 & q naturally *ose to say s 9 ?is poetic phrase4 ,^! are only a few f among ! _m typical kelp]s ^: fri5d%ip ,i am pr\d to own4 ,b if ! types among !m are _m & v>i\s1 9 "o ?+ !y are all alike--_! capacity = h>d "w4 ,t "w does n cease ) ! smoo?+ ov] ( ! sm\ld]+ pits4 ,:5 ! kelp has cool$ x is brok5 up & lift$ out ( ! pit 9 great lumps :i* look l gray slag1 ) /reaks ( :ite1 blue1 & br[n runn+ ?r\gh x4 ,%\ld x be expos$ to ra9 its quality is mu* det]iorat$1 & to avoid ?is dang] /oreh\ses are built by ! lairds1 to :i* ! kelp is c>t$4 ,! kelp grieve weighs ea* man's quantity z x is br\ght 91 & he is paid a fix$ sum p] ton4 ,:5 a suffici5t quantity is ga!r$ 9 ! /ore a vessel is *>t]$1 & :]e !re is a pi] ! kelp is c>t$ alongside4 ,9 isl&s :]e !re is no pi] x mu/ be tak5 (f 9 small boats4 ,! kelp]s !mselves provide ! c>riage4 ,!n ! sails are spread1 & ! produce ( ! ye>'s "w is c>ri$ (f to *emical works f> ov] sea1 :]e1 by processes unkn[n to me1 iod9e is extract$ f x4 ,! kelp] receives ab\t two p\nds t5 %ill+s = ea* ton ( kelp he manufactures1 & ! importance & b5efit ( ! indu/ry to ^! cr(t]s _c be ov]e/imat$4 ,i h kn[n a man pay+ a r5t ( eight p\nds receive ?irty-f\r p\nds = 8 kelp 9 "o ye>4 ,nor is ! actual price he receives ! only b5efit ! cr(t] d]ives f kelp4 ,7 x n = ! %>e ( ! pr(it fall+ to ! laird1 he too (t5 c\ld n1 9 ^! days1 af=d to assi/ 8 t5ants 9 improv+ ei!r _! h\ses or _! l&4 ,on ! :ole1 !n1 ! kelp]'s lot is n an unhappy "o4 ,8 "w lies 9 pleasant places1 & x is em95tly heal?y1 & 8 days1 z a rule1 are long 9 ! l& & on ! sea4 ,,duncan ,j4 ,,rob]tson4 78,longman's ,magaz9e40 ,by p]mission47 ,a ,,:ale-,,hunt ,,9 ,,orkney4 8,:ales 9 ! bay s soon 9 ! season60 exclaim$ ! cl]gyman1 />t+ to 8 feet4 8,come away10 he cont9u$1 8y h yet ano!r day be=e y2 we imitate ! great ( old1 :o ent]ta9$ _! gue/s ) t\rnam5ts40 ,! manse g>d5 comm&$ a f9e view ( ,mill ,bay1 & on ru%+ out into ! op5 air we saw a long d>k l9e ( boats1 "s ) sails & "s ) o>s1 /ret*+ across ! blue wat]s ( ! broad voe1 upw>ds ( a mile f ! %ore4 ,! practis$ eye ( my ho/ caught ! gleam ( dorsal f9s 9 front ( ! boats1 & we imm$iately hurri$ d[n to ! bea*1 sc>cely draw+ brea? till we /ood on ! bank above ! s&s ( ,mill ,bay4 ,! inmates ( ! neighb\r+ cottages _h already assembl$ 9 eag] gr\ps on ! grassy d[ns1 & o!r isl&]s /ill came flock+ f remot] f>ms & cab9s to ! %ore4 ,sev]al ( ! m5 7 arm$ ) h>poons1 :ile f>m lads fl\ri%$ ov] _! %\ld]s =midable ?ree-prong$ 8graips0 & long-haft$ hay=ks4 ,_m ( ! matrons _h _! heads encas$ 9 wooll5 8buities10 & ?is peculi> headdress imp>t$ a s+ul> picturesqu5ess to ! excit$ gr\ps on ! sea-bank4 ,o!r boats ) skill$ h&s on bo>d put (f f v>i\s po9ts along ! %ore1 & ! fleet ( small craft 9 ! bay 0 rapidly increas$ by ! arrival ( fre% yawls4 ,! cr[d ( ur*9s on ! bea*1 :o 8!e'd0 & 8?\'d0 ea* o!r l little ,quak]s 9 ! ,orcadian v]nacul>1 *e]$ lu/ily z boat aft] boat hove 9 view r\nd ! headl&s1 swell+ ! fleet ( :al]s4 ,! l9e ( boats 0 n[ little m ?an a qu>t] ( a mile f ! bea*4 ,! bottle-nos$ or ca'+ :ales1 %[+ _! sn\ts & dorsal f9s at int]vals1 seem$ to advance sl[ly1 ?r[+ out skirmi%]s & cauti\sly feel+ _! way4 ,z ! bea* 0 smoo? & s&y1 ) a g5tle slope1 ! boatm5 9 pursuit 7 endeav\r+ to drive ! 8s*ool0 into ! %all[s1 :]e h>poons1 hay=ks1 & o!r weapons c\ld be us$ to advantage4 ,! excitem5t ( ! spectators on l& increas$ z ! long l9e ( ! sea-mon/]s drew clos] in%ore4 ,f ! boats !re came waft$ across ! wat] ! s\nd ( beat+ pit*]s & rattl+ r[locks1 & ! ho>se *orus ( %\t+ voices4 ,?is babel ( noises1 :i* ! wat] mell[$ into a wild w>-*ant ) cymbal accompanim5t1 0 meant to sc>e ! 8s*ool0 & ha/5 ! /r&+ ( ! :ales4 ,b an incid5t occurr$ t *ang$ ! promis+ aspect ( affairs1 turn$ ! tide ( battle1 & gave new animation to ! sc5e4 ,eag] to p>ticipate 9 ! expect$ slaught]1 two or ?ree f>m lads1 ^: movem5ts _h escap$ notice1 sudd5ly %ot (f f ! %ore 9 a skiff r[+ "r 9 front ( ! advanc+ l9e4 ,! glitt] & spla% ( o>s al>m$ ! lead]s1 & ! entire 8s*ool10 seiz$ ) a sudd5 panic1 :eel$ r\nd & da%$ at headlong spe$ into ! l9e ( pursu+ boats4 ,a %\t rose f ! %ore z ! fla% ( tail-f9s1 ! heav+ ( ! boats1 & ! rapid /rokes ( ! boatm5 %[$ all too pla9ly ! escape ( ! :ales1 & ! success ( _! victori\s *>ge4 ,away beyond ! brok5 l9e ( ! fleet !y plung$ 9 wild /amp$e1 /rik+ ! blue wat]s into spangles ( silv] foam4 ,ar*es ( spray1 bl[n into ! air at wide di/ances ap>t1 s]v$ to indicate ! size ( ! 8s*ool0 & ! spe$ ( ! fugitives4 8,:ew60 exclaim$ my rev]5d fri5d1 8t 0 a gallant *>ge1 & des]v$ to succe$2 b ,i hope our brave lads w yet put salt ^u _! tails4 ,! boatm5 h toil$ h>d = _! %>e ( ! fi%1 & great w\ld be ! pity if ! :ales made "r (f to ! op5 sea4 ,x is n e day t a #8drave' a hundr$ /rong visits our %ores1 & !re !y g r\nd ! head ( ,odness 9 full c>e]40 ,a commotion among ! cr[d at a %ort di/ance along ! bea* "h arre/$ our att5tion4 ,! excit+ spectacle ( ! gr& *>ge & wild flight ( ! :ales _h s absorb$ our gaze t we fail$ to notice a mi%ap :i* 0 =tunately m ludicr\s ?an al>m+4 ,! ?ree y\?s :o fooli%ly r[$ (f f ! %ore & caus$ ! /amp$e _h suff]$ = _! ra%ness by gett+ _! skiff capsiz$ :5 ! sea-mon/]s :eel$ r\nd to ! *>ge4 ,on ga9+ ! outskirts ( ! cr[d1 we f\nd ! ?ree luckless :ale-hunt]s already bea*$4 ,bonnetless1 dripp+1 & disconsolate1 !y 7 ! objects ( mir? to "s1 ( commis]ation to o!rs4 ,at la/ !y made (f1 & we imm$iately set out 9 ! direction ( ,odness to cat* a sight ( ! :ales1 :i* _h q disappe>$ f ! bay4 ,! boats _h turn$ 9 pursuit :5 ! 8s*ool0 escap$1 & !y 7 n[ mak+ all ha/e to d\ble ! headl&4 ,on ga9+ ! top ( ! cliffs1 we 7 glad to obs]ve t ! :ales1 recov]$ f _! fright1 drift$ leisurely along ! coa/1 giv+ way at times to ecc5tric gambols4 8,all "r60 cri$ my fri5d1 h&+ me back my b9ocul>2 8!y are coa/+ away fam\sly r\nd ,lamb ,head1 & !y are almo/ c]ta9 to take a snooze 9 ,r\%olm ,bay1 :i* is ! be/ :ale-trap ,i "k 9 ,orkney4 ,let u sit d[n "h on ! top ( ! cliffs till ! boats come abrea/1 & !n we %all take a ne>] way to ,r\%olm ?an foll[+ ! coa/40 ,! summit ( ! rocks1 s(tly c>pet$ ) grass1 moss1 & wild fl[]s1 af=d$ a pleasant re/+-place1 & comm&$ a picturesque prospect4 ,to ea/w>d !re 0 a wide expanse ( sea1 /ret*+ away )\t a break to ! ,norwegian fiords4 ,! :ale-hunt+ fleet1 compos$ ( all v>ieties ( small craft1 0 soon well abrea/ ( our re/+-place4 ,a f9e & fav\rable breeze _h sprung up1 & fi%+-yawls1 ) _! br[n sails outspread1 coa/$ briskly along4 ,! re>gu>d ( ! fleet consi/$ ( r[-boats mann$ by pati5t & det]m9$ boatm51 :o pull$ h>d at ! o>s 9 ! prospect ( w9n+ "s %>e ( ! spoil4 ,we rema9$ a %ort "t on ! moss-cr[n$ cliffs gaz+ on ! animat$ sc5e1 & li/5+ to ! voices ( ! boatm51 ! pla% ( ! waves bel[1 & ! pla9t ( re/less sea-birds4 ,on leav+ our lair we dropp$ d[n ^u a neighb\r+ f>mh\se1 :]e a c\ple ( 8%elties0 7 plac$ at our disposal1 & away we trott$ along field-pa?s & r\gh tracks to ! head ( ,r\%olm ,bay1 on ! s\? side ( ! isl&4 ,f all ! cottages & f>ms 9 ! di/rict ! isl&]s 7 flock+ to ! %ore ( ! bay1 & we ?us _h good hope t a portion ( ! s*ool at lea/ _h run bl9dfold into ! :ale-trap ( ,r\%olm4 ,on ne>+ ! %ore we 7 delight$ to f9d t our hope 0 fulfill$4 ,a l>ge deta*m5t ( ! :ales1 suppos$ to numb] "o hundr$ & fifty1 _h ent]$ ! bay1 :ile ! re/ ( ! s*ool _h disappe>$ amid ! rea*es ( ! ,/ronsay ,fir?4 ,r\nd+ ! po9t ( ,torness1 & /ret*+ across ! m\? ( ! bay1 ! fleet ( small craft aga9 hove into view1 & press$ ^u ! re> ( ! sl[ly advanc+ & imprison$ :ales4 ,among ! onlook]s !re 0 n[ int5se excitem5t1 ! greate/ anxiety be+ manife/$ le/ ! deta*$ w+ %\ld foll[ ! ma9 army1 & aga9 break ! l9e ( boats 9 a victori\s *>ge4 ,! %\t+s & noise ( ! boatm5 recomm5c$1 & e*o$ f %ore to %ore ( ! beautiful & seclud$ bay4 ,a fre% al>m seiz$ ! mon/]s1 b in/ead ( :eel+ ab\t & ru%+ (f to ! op5 sea z be=e1 !y da%$ rapidly =w>ds a few y>ds1 pursu$ by ! boats1 & 7 soon fl\nd]+ helplessly 9 ! %all[s4 ,! sc5e t ensu$ 0 ( ! mo/ excit+ description4 ,fa/ & furi\s ! boatm5 /ruck & /abb$ to "r & left2 :ile ! p on ! %ore1 =m+ an auxili>y =ce1 da%$ d[n to assi/ 9 ! massacre1 wield+ all sorts ( weapons4 ,! w\nd$ mon/]s la%$ ab\t ) _! tails1 imp]ill+ life & limb1 & ! ruddy hue ( ! wat] along ! /ret* ( %ore soon indicat$ ! ext5t ( ! c>nage4 ,"s ( ! l>g] :ales display$ great t5acity ( life2 b ! unequal conflict clos$ at la/1 & no few] ?an a hundr$ & sev5ty c>casses 7 dragg$ up on ! bea*4 ,"o or two slight accid5ts occurr$1 b to me x seem$ m>vell\s t ! boatm5 did n injure ea* o!r z mu* z ! :ales amid ! confusion & excitem5t ( ! sc5e4 ,! c>casses1 z ,i 0 in=m$1 w\ld realize betwe5 #cjj & #djj2 & grateful 7 ! p t ,provid5ce _h rememb]$ ! isl& ( ,/ronsay1 by s5d+ !m a wond]ful w9dfall ( bottle-noses fre% f ! conf9es ( ! ,arctic ,circle4 ,,daniel ,,gorrie 78,summ]s & ,w9t]s 9 ! ,orkneys407 ,illu/ration3 ,wreck at ,burgh ,head1 ,/ronsay4 ,,articles ,,made ,,( ,,/raw4 ,! ,orkney peasantry ( two c5turies ago liv$ 9 a poor c\ntry--a c\ntry gr\nd d[n by ! tyranny ( gre$y & unscrupul\s rul]s2 a c\ntry ^: inhabitants _h nei!r ! raw mat]ials f :i* to con/ruct _m necess>y ut5sils nor ! money to pur*ase !m4 ,x is int]e/+ to note "s ( ! ways 9 :i* our =efa!rs ov]came ! circum/ances 9 :i* !y 7 plac$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ notable is ! +5i\s use ( /raw = ! con/ruction ( _m dome/ic ut5sils4 ,! mat]ials f :i* articles ( /raw 7 made 7 pr9cipally b5t & ! /raw ( black oats4 ,! b5t1 aft] be+ cut1 0 loosely b\nd into r\gh %eaves & left to dry & )]4 ,x 0 !n b\nd into neat %eaves call$ beats1 ! legal size ( :i* us$ to be two spans 9 circumf]5ce4 ,ea* beat 0 c>efully pleat$ at ! upp] end1 gradually tap]+ upw>ds into a cord :i* s]v$ to b9d two beats toge!r4 ,! pair ( beats s fa/5$ 0 call$ a 8b& ( b5t10 twelve ( :i* =m$ a 8?rave40 ,f ?is b5t 7 made ! cords1 always call$ b&s1 :i* 7 us$ 9 ! manufacture ( /raw4 ,dur+ ! long w9t] ev5+s ea* pl\ghman 0 requir$ to w9d into b&s "o beat ( b5t4 ,! cord 0 spun or twi/$ by ! f+]s1 ! two /r&s be+ ea* twi/$ s+ly1 & at ! same "t laid into ea* o!r 9 su* a way t ! t5d5cy ( ! /r&s to untwi/ 0 ! means ( keep+ ! two firmly twi/$ toge!r4 ,! /raw us$ 0 t ( ! common ,orkney black oats1 :i* 0 at once t\gh] & m flexible ?an t ( o!r cultivat$ k9ds4 ,! /raw to be us$ 0 n ?re%$ ) ! flail1 :i* w\ld h spoil$ x1 b 0 select$ f ! %eaves1 held 9 a bun* betwe5 ! h&s1 & beat5 on "s h>d edge to remove ! gra94 ,su* /raw 0 call$ gloy4 ,f ^? two mat]ials1 b5t b&s & gloy1 a v wide v>iety ( indisp5sable articles 7 manufactur$ by ! ,orkney f>m]4 ,^! articles may be divid$ into ?ree classes--flexible1 semi-flexible1 & inflexible4 ,( ! flexible type1 ! mo/ simple & primitive article 0 ! sookan1 or1 to give x a /ill old] "n1 ! wisl94 ,?is 0 simply /raw twi/$ loosely into a ?ick cord ( "o /r&1 = tempor>y use4 ,if n at once us$ to tie r\nd some?+1 x _h to be w\nd into a clew to pres]ve its twi/4 ,a v common use ( sookans 9 ! w9t]-"t 0 to =m :at 7 kn[n z 8/raw boots40 ,a loop ( ! sookan 0 pass$ r\nd ! in/ep1 ov] ! %oe or rivl91 ! ?ick /raw cord be+ !n w\nd r\nd ! ankles & ! l[] "p ( ! leg4 ,:5 ! sn[ 0 deep1 su* /raw boots =m$ a v com=table "p ( ! peasant's attire4 ,less ?an a c5tury ago1 on a ,sunday :5 ! sn[ lay deep on ! gr\nd1 m ?an =ty m5 we>+ /raw boots 7 se5 9 "o ,orkney *ur*4 ,x mu/ be add$ t on ! way home "s ( !m 7 sev]ely reprov$ by a neighb\r = hav+ p]=m$ ?is unnecess>y lab\r on ! ,sabba? day6 ,next 9 ord] comes simmans4 ,?is 0 a /rong /raw rope made ( two /r&s1 also twi/$ by h&1 & roll$ into great balls or clews1 ! size ( :i* 0 ! wid? ( ! b>n door4 ,! ma9 use ( simmans 0 to ?at* ! corn /acks1 & also ! ro(s ( ! cottages4 ,a newly-?at*$ cottage1 ) ! bright w>m col\r ( ! new /raw ropes1 0 a pleas+ object 9 an ,orkney l&scape4 ,! sombre col\r giv5 :5 ! simmans 7 twi/$ ( br[n hea!r 0 less *e]ful1 b ,nature did h] be/ ev5 "h by h] decoration ( ! l[ walls ) bright yell[ & gre5 li*5s4 ,mo/ ( ! ropes & cordage requir$ by ! ,orkney f>m] 7 made ei!r ( hair or ( b5t4 ,! b5t b&s already notic$ 7 made into ropes on a rude ma*9e call$ a te!rg>?1 & 7 us$ = te!r+ cattle & %eep1 & = 8boat te!rs0 = small fi%+-boats4 ,f9] b5t ropes 7 appli$ to a great _m uses1 su* z flail 8hoods10 %eep %ackles1 & all p>ts ( horse h>ness4 ,a v important "p ( ?is1 ! coll> or wazzie1 0 =m$ by twi/+ f\r ?ick folds ( /raw toge!r2 &1 :5 prop]ly made1 ,i suspect ! wazzie 0 mu* cool] = ! horse ?an ! mod]n coll> ) its absurd cape4 ,ev5 ! pl\gh-traces 7 made ( b5t ropes1 :i*1 if quickly worn1 7 easily replac$4 ,= br++ 9 ! crop1 a l>ge net made ( b5t cord1 & call$ a mazie1 0 put r\nd a bundle ( %eaves1 & susp5d$1 "o on ea* side ( ! horse1 f ! horns ( ! clibb]1 a r\gh k9d ( wood5 pack-saddle4 ,flackies1 or mats made ( /raw b\nd toge!r ) b5t cord1 7 us$ = _m purposes4 ,small ones 7 us$ z door-mats1 & l>ge ones 7 hung up z an apology = an inn] door4 ,horse flackies 7 laid ov] ! back ( ! horse to protect x f ! friction ( ! clibb]1 & 8 sides f ! load :i* x support$4 ,flackies 7 also fix$ on ! raft]s1 "u ! /raw1 :5 ?at*+ h\se ro(s4 ,we next come to :at ,i h call$ ! semi-flexible class ( /raw articles4 ,! fir/ to be notic$ is ! kaesie1 :i*1 9 v>i\s %apes & sizes1 0 put to a great numb] ( uses4 ,x 0 made ( /raw1 b\nd by b5t cord1 l ! flackie1 b 0 ( a clos] texture1 & x 0 usually 9 ! %ape ( a basket4 ,! meils-kaesie 0 s call$ because x 0 made to hold a 8meil0 ( corn--t is1 a little ov] a hundr$weight4 ,x 0 9 ^! meils-kaesies t ! corn 0 c>ri$ to ! mill1 & ! meal br\ght back f x2 = c>ts 7 unkn[n1 & roads 7 b pa?s or tracks4 ,ea* horse c>ri$ a full kaesie on ei!r side4 ,! horses travell$ 9 s+le file1 ! head ( ea* be+ ti$ to ! tail ( ! "o 9 front4 ,a man 0 9 *>ge ( ea* pair ( horses1 to att5d to ! prop] balanc+ ( _! loads4 ,a tra9 ( tw5ty or ?irty horses m>*+ 9 ?is way 0 a picturesque sight4 ,on arriv+ at ! mill1 ! burd5s 7 remov$1 & ! head ( ! =emo/ horse 0 ti$ to ! tail ( ! h9dmo/1 :i* prev5t$ _! mov+ away until _! driv]s 7 ready to return home4 ,next may be m5tion$ ! corn-kaesie1 :i* 0 us$ to hold dress$ gra94 ,^! 7 %ap$ some:at l a b>rel1 & 7 made 9 v>i\s sizes4 ,!n comes ! common kaesie1 us$ = c>ry+ burd5s on ! back4 ,^! also 7 ( diff]5t sizes4 ,9 =m !y 7 n>r[ & r\nd$ at ! bottom1 & wid5$ gradually t[>ds ! top1 :i* 0 f9i%$ by a /iff circul> rim call$ ! fesg>1 to give firmness to ! basket4 ,to ! fesg> 7 fa/5$ ! ends ( a b5t rope ( suitable l5g?1 call$ ! fettle1 by :i* ! kaesie 0 susp5d$ f ! %\ld]s ( ! be>]4 ,to ! same class z ! kaesies belong ! cubbies1 ! names & uses ( :i* are legion4 ,^! 7 small] ?an ! =m]1 & firm] 9 texture1 :ile ! %apes %[$ m v>iety1 z might be ne$$ = _! special uses4 ,we ne$ only m5tion a few4 ,! w9do' or w9n[+ cubbie 0 us$ to p\r out ! corn g5tly on ! b>n floor1 :ile ! w9d bl[+ 9 at "o door & out at ! o!r c>ri$ away ! *aff4 ,! saw9' or s[+ cubbie c>ri$ ! se$ corn 9 spr+4 ,! horse cubbie 0 us$ z a muzzle = a horse :5 necess>y4 ,! h5 cubbie 0 susp5d$ z a ne/ = ! dome/ic f[ls4 ,! use ( ! spoon cubbie1 :i* hung by ! side ( ! fire1 ne$s no explanation4 ,! bait cubbie & ! sea cubbie mu/ close our li/1 ! =m] us$ = c>ry+ bait1 & ! latt] = ! cat* ( fi%4 ,a cubbie 0 always c>ri$ by ! begg>s :o sw>m$ be=e ! introduction ( ! poor law1 & to 8tak' ! cubbie & ! /aff0 0 a phrase mean+ to be =c$ to beg "o's bread4 ,we n[ come to :at ,i h call$ inflexible articles4 ,"h we may m5tion fir/ ! luppie1 once 9 univ]sal use = hold+ all sorts ( dry mat]ials1 su* z meal1 bur/91 eggs1 & ! l4 ,luppies 7 r\nd & b>rel-%ap$1 close 9 texture1 & z firm z a bo>d4 ,!y v>i$ mu* 9 size1 be+ made f ab\t t5 in*es to ?ree feet 9 height4 ,!y _h a rim r\nd ! l[] end to protect ! bottom1 & two 8lugs0 at ! top4 ,^? ( ! smalle/ size 7 us$ by h\sewives z "w-baskets4 ,! "w on ^! luppies1 & on ! /raw /ools to be m5tion$ next1 0 consid]$ ! f9e/ & mo/ durable4 ,small coils or gangs ( /raw 7 firmly & closely lac$ ov] "o ano!r4 ,! lac+ cord 0 ( ! /ronge/ b5t1 & ! project+ ends ( ! b5t 7 c>efully clipp$ (f4 ,^! b&s 7 kn[n z /ool b&s4 ,we n[ come to ! /raw /ools or *airs1 :i* 7 ma9ly ( ?ree k9ds4 ,! fir/ 0 a sort ( l[1 r\nd /ool )\t any back4 ,su* a /ool c\ld be easily lift$ to or f ! fireside1 & on an em]g5cy c\ld be in/antly conv]t$ into a luppie by simply be+ turn$ upside d[n4 ,! next 0 call$ ! l[-back$ /ool1 hav+ a semi-circul> back rea*+ to ! %\ld]s ( ! sitt]4 ,la/ comes ! high-back$ or hood$ /ool1 :i* 0 ! easy-*air ( ! ,orkney cottage4 ,9 lat] times ! seat 0 always made ( wood1 9 ! =m ( a squ>e box1 ) a slightly project+ top4 ,/rips ( wood 7 us$ to support ! front edges ( ! back1 & to =m elb[ re/s 9 front ( ^!4 ,! seat box usually conta9$ a draw]1 9 :i* ! goodman kept 8 supply ( snuff1 & p]haps ! few books :i* made up ! cottage libr>y4 ,?is =m ( *air1 :i* is n[ reg>d$ z ! or?odox "o1 0 inv5t$ 9 ! middle ( ! eighte5? c5tury by a native ( ,nor? ,ronaldsay1 z ! con/ruction ( ! seat ( wood took f> less "t ?an work+ x all 9 /raw2 b ! old] =m1 ) its circul> /raw seat1 & ! side slips & elb[ re/s entirely cov]$ ) /raw & b5t cords1 0 mu* m elegant 9 ! l9es ( its =m4 ,,walt] ,,trail ,,d5nison4 7,adapt$ f 8,orcadian ,pap]s407 ,illu/ration3 ,mak+ a /raw-back$ *air4 ,,! ,,wea!r ,,( ,,orkney4 ,a =eign writ] has said t ,engli%m5 grumble m at _! wea!r ?an at any?+ else1 :ile x is really ! only ?+ ab\t _! c\ntry ( :i* !y might be pr\d4 ,8 mean+ is t1 comp>$ ) o!r regions ( ! _w1 ! climate ( ,great ,brita9 is s+ul>ly free f disagreeable extremes ( heat or cold1 & ( dr\ght or flood4 ,& if ?is is true ( ,great ,brita9 z a :ole1 x is especially true ( ,orkney4 ,9 summ] we r>ely suff] f heat1 & 9 w9t] we are equally free f extreme cold4 ,! mean temp]ature ( ! :ole ye> 9 ,orkney 7#ded7 is little bel[ t ( ,ab]de5 7#dfc71 ( ,alnwick 9 ,nor?umb]l& 7#dfc71 or ( ,kew ne> ,london 7#did74 ,! equability ( our temp]ature1 or its fre$om f all extremes ( heat & cold1 is due to ! influ5ce ( ! sea4 ,! temp]ature ( ! ocean v>ies only ab\t #ac dur+ ! ye>2 x is l[e/ 9 ,febru>y1 be+ #daf1 :ile t ( ! air is #chf1 & is highe/ 9 ,augu/1 be+ #ede1 :ile t ( ! air is #ed4 ,! smallness ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! annual mean temp]ature ( ,orkney & t ( ,kew is really due to ! mildness ( our w9t]s4 ,tak+ ! mean ( ! ?ree w9t] mon?s1 we f9d t ( ,orkney to be almo/ ! same z t ( ,kew1 & slightly high] ?an t ( ,alnwick4 ,= ! ?ree summ] mon?s1 h[ev]1 ,orkney is ?ree degrees cold] ?an ,alnwick & eight degrees cold] ?an ,kew4 ,! hotte/ day 9 ,orkney dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s only rea*$ #gf1 :ile at ,kew #ib 0 record$4 ,! ext5t to :i* ! sea influ5ces our climate c be/ be se5 by comp>+ x ) t ( an inl& or cont95tal /ation ( simil> latitude4 ,w9nipeg1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,manitoba1 =m]ly well kn[n to ,orkney m5 z ,=t ,g>ry 9 ! ,r$ ,riv] ,settlem5t1 lies 9 ne>ly ! same latitude z ,london4 ,its mean temp]ature1 h[ev]1 dur+ ! ?ree w9t] mon?s is only #ji1 or ?irty-"o degrees bel[ freez+-po9t1 & ?irty-eight degrees l[] ?an t ( ,orkney2 9 summ] x is #ff1 or ?irte5 degrees above t ( ,orkney4 ,n only is our climate rul$ by ! sea2 x is rul$ by a sea ^: wat]s are !mselves some:at w>m] ?an _! latitude might lead u to expect4 ,! temp]ature ( ! ocean is (t5 affect$ by curr5ts1 br++ wat] ei!r f w>m] or f cold] regions4 ,9 ! case ( ! ocean wat]s r\nd our coa/s1 ! movem5t is f ! s\?-we/4 ,?is movem5t is due at fir/ to ! ,gulf ,/ream1 :i* c>ries a great mass ( w>m wat] f ! ,gulf ( ,mexico into ! ,nor? ,atlantic1 & aft]w>ds to a surface drift caus$ by ! prevail+ s\?-we/]ly w9ds4 ,our coa/ wat]s are !re=e some:at w>m] ?an !y w\ld be if !re 7 no su* movem5t1 & mu* w>m] ?an if !re 7 a curr5t 9 ! opposite direction1 sweep+ along ! %ores ( ,norway f ! nor!rn ocean4 ,if we comp>e our climate ) t ( ,na91 9 ,labrador1 :i* lies 9 ne>ly ! same latitude1 & is also on ! ,atlantic coa/1 we %all see h[ mu* dep5ds ^u ! ocean curr5ts4 ,! cold ,arctic curr5t :i* wa%es ! ,labrador coa/1 br++ ) x melt+ iceb]gs1 sn[1 & fog1 r$uces ! mean annual temp]ature ( ,na9 to less ?an #bf1 m ?an n9ete5 degrees bel[ t ( ,orkney4 ,:ile ! climate ( oceanic isl&s is b5efit$ by ! equable temp]ature ( ! ocean1 x is (t5 m>k$ by excessive moi/ure & ra9fall4 ,yet ev5 9 ?is matt] we %all see t ,orkney has little to compla9 (1 :ile1 ( c\rse1 s]i\s dr\ghts are practically unkn[n4 ,scotl&1 ?\gh small 9 area1 %[s great inequality 9 ! di/ribution ( its ra9fall1 due to ! div]sity ( its surface & to ! fact t mo/ ( its ra9 is br\ght by we/]ly w9ds4 ,di/ricts ne> ! we/ coa/1 especially if m\nta9\s1 h a mu* great] ra9fall ?an ^? t[>ds ! ea/1 :i* are also on ! :ole less elevat$4 ,?us consid]able portions ( ! ,we/ ,highl&s h an annual ra9fall ( ov] #hj in*es1 ,b5 ,nevis record+ ov] #aej4 ,_m p>ts ( ! ea/]n ,l[l&s1 on ! o!r h&1 h only #cj in*es or less2 & ,crom>ty1 :i* is ! drie/ /ation 9 ,scotl&1 has only #bc in*es4 ,comp>$ ) ! ma9l& ( ,scotl&1 !n1 x does n seem t ! climate ( our isl&s gives u mu* cause = grumbl+1 = our annual ra9fall v>ies f #cgg in*es at ,s&wick to #cjg at ,/>t ,po9t 9 ,s&ay4 ,our wette/ mon?s are ,octob]1 ,novemb]1 & ,decemb]1 dur+ :i* we receive f "o-?ird to "o-half ( our ye>ly ra9fall2 our drie/ mon?s are ,april1 ,may1 & ,june1 :i* toge!r give u only "o-eigh? ( ! total4 ,"o fact ab\t ra9 is sometimes ov]look$3 9 cool climates ra9 br+s heat4 ,?is may n be noticeable at ! "t1 b its g5]al effect c be obs]v$4 ,j z x requires heat to turn wat] into vap\r1 & z evaporation always produces cold1 s ! *ange back aga9 f vap\r into wat] sets free "s ( ?is heat1 rais+ ! temp]ature ( ! air1 ( ! ra9 itself1 & ( ! l& on :i* x falls4 ,mu* ( ! w>m+ effect ( our we/]ly w9ds is due n to ! direct w>m? ( ! ,gulf ,/ream1 z us$ to be suppos$1 b simply to ! fact t ^! w9ds are ra9-c>ry+ w9ds4 ,!y ?us br+ to u ! b5efit ( t sol> heat :i* f> away to ! s\?-we/ caus$ ! vap\r to rise f ! surface ( ! ocean4 ,! *ief diff]5ce betwe5 our wea!r & t ( ,scotl& is1 p]haps1 ! great] preval5ce ( high w9ds 9 ,orkney4 ,! l& be+ l[1 our isl&s are swept by ! full =ce ( ! gales s common 9 ! ,nor? ,atlantic4 ,:5 speak+ ( w9ds1 x may be useful to rememb] ! classification :i* is recogniz$ by ! ,meteorological ,(fice4 ,a w9d mov+ at ! rate ( ?irte5 miles an h\r is call$ a light breeze2 =ty miles repres5ts ! velocity ( a mod]ate gale1 & fifty-six miles a /rong gale2 sev5ty-five miles an h\r is ! spe$ ( a /orm1 & n9ety miles t ( a hurricane4 ,we h ! record ( only "o hurricane1 on ,novemb] #ag1 #ahic1 ) a velocity ( n9ety-six miles4 ,sev]al gales ( ov] eighty miles h be5 exp]i5c$1 & "o summ] gale ( sev5ty-five miles 9 ! ye> #ahij4 ,dur+ ! fifte5 ye>s #ahij to #aijd ?ree hundr$ gales 7 record$ 9 ,orkney1 :ile ,alnwick exp]i5c$ only "o hundr$ & fifty-sev51 & ,val5cia1 on ! we/ coa/ ( ,irel&1 "o hundr$ & ?irty = ! same p]iod4 ,fleetwood1 on ! coa/ ( ,lanca%ire1 h[ev]1 _h a record ( ?ree hundr$ & six gales dur+ ^? ye>s4 ,e ,orcadian mu/ h notic$ a type ( wea!r :i* is common all ! ye> r\nd1 b especially s 9 w9t]4 ,on a blue sky wisps ( cirrus or 8m>e's-tail0 cl\d appe> 9 pat*es4 ,gradually ^! increase till !y =m a cont9u\s haze1 9 :i* a lun> halo or 8bro*10 & occasionally sol> halos or 8sun-dogs10 may be se54 ,!n ! w9d1 :i* 0 light & probably we/]ly1 backs to ! s\?w>d & ea/w>d1 & ! sky becomes ?reat5+4 ,! w9d increases1 p]haps to a mod]ate gale1 & ra9 falls heavily4 ,! w9d !n %ifts t[>ds ! s\? & s\?-we/1 increas+ 9 =ce1 sometimes q sudd5ly1 or x may *ange /ill fur!r r\nd t[>ds ! nor?4 ,meantime ! b>omet]1 :i* has be5 l[ & fall+1 beg9s to rise briskly1 & ! wea!r cle>s4 ,to und]/& h[ ?is common s]ies ( wea!r *anges comes ab\t1 a little k ( cyclones is necess>y4 ,a cyclone is a movem5t 9 ! air resembl+ a :irlw9d2 ! cyclones ( ! ,indian ,ocean & ! ,*9a seas1 inde$1 are real :irlw9ds ( ! mo/ viol5t & de/ructive type4 ,9 ! ,nor? ,atlantic !y exi/ = ! mo/ "p z enorm\s eddies 9 ! great air-ocean1 (t5 sev]al hundr$s ( miles 9 diamet]1 probably rotat+ ) ! =ce ( a gale ne> ! c5tre1 & at ! same "t mov+ =w>d z a :ole at a mod]ate spe$4 ,a cyclone has be5 kn[n to keep company ) "o ( our ,atlantic l9]s dur+ its :ole voyage1 b ! rate ( progress is (t5 less ?an ?is4 ,a cyclone owes its orig9 to "s local excess ( heat1 su* z might arise f a heavy ra9fall1 ! heat caus+ an upw>d movem5t 9 ! air4 ,! inru% ( cool air :i* !n foll[s beg9s a circul> or :irl+ motion4 ,! moi/ air 9 front ( ! cyclone gives up its moi/ure ) ! fall 9 temp]ature1 caus+ ! ra9s t are inv>iably f\nd 9 front ( su* a movem5t4 ,! air aft] ! ra9fall is dry & w>m]1 & its asc5t keeps up a p>tial vacuum or area ( l[ pressure1 :i* is ! c5tre or v5t ( ! cyclone4 ,x is really ! ra9fall 9 front ( ! cyclonic sy/em t causes its =w>d movem5t1 assi/$ by ! rotation ( ! e>?4 ,ea* space reliev$ ( its moi/ure =ms 9 its turn ! new c5tre4 ,a coa/-l9e1 or an anti-cyclonic movem5t ( ! air 9 front ( a cyclone1 w alt] its c\rse4 ,:5 "o rea*es ! %ores ( ,europe1 x soon sp5ds itself = want ( ! moi/ure-lad5 w9ds 9 front to keep up ! sy/em4 ,9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e ! direction ( rotation ( a cyclone is opposite to ! movem5t ( ! h&s ( a wat*2 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e x is 9 ! same direction z ! movem5t ( ! h&s ( a wat*4 ,?is is ! effect ( ! rotation ( ! e>?1 z w be cle> aft] a little ?\ght on ! matt]4 ,9 ! ,nor? ,atlantic ! =w>d motion ( a cyclone is always f ! we/w>d to ! ea/w>d2 h5ce ! 8/orm w>n+s0 :i* rea* u f ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,illu/ration3 ,diagram ( a typical ,atlantic cyclone4 ,our isl&s lie 9 ! mo/ common track ( ^? ,atlantic cyclones1 & ! c5tre ( ! :irl (t5 passes ov] or ne> ! ,orkneys4 ,n[ if y w look at ! *>t or diagram ( a typical cyclone z giv5 "h1 & suppose x to be mov+ sl[ly f s\?-ea/ to nor?-we/1 or suppose y\rself to be mov+ ?r\gh x 9 ! opposite direction :ile x rema9s /ill1 y w see h[ ! *anges ( w9d & wea!r :i* we h describ$ mu/ result f ?is movem5t4 ,dur+ ! great] "p ( ! ye> our wea!r is ma9ly due to a con/ant procession ( ^? ,atlantic cyclones1 great & small1 & h5ce arises ! *angeabl5ess ( our w9ds & our wea!r4 ,b 9 ! spr+ we (t5 h wea!r ( a diff]5t type4 ,our w9ds are !n (t5 cold1 sometimes dry1 & frequ5tly ea/]ly or nor!rly 9 direction = sev]al days toge!r4 ,su* wea!r is due to anti-cyclones--t is1 areas ( high pressure1 f :i* ! air fl[s d[nw>ds & spreads outw>ds 9 e direction4 ,an anti-cyclone is ! opposite ( a cyclone 9 almo/ e respect4 ,its supply ( dry air (t5 comes f ! asc5d+ air 9 ! c5tre ( a cyclone1 :i* has deposit$ its moi/ure4 ,at ! meteorological /ation on ,b5 ,nevis x 0 sometimes notic$ t :5 an anti-cyclone 0 /ation$ ov] ! s\? ( ,engl&1 & a cyclone 0 cross+ ! nor? ( ,scotl&1 !re 0 an upp] air-curr5t travell+ f ! latt] to ! =m]1 & no d\bt supply+ ! dry air ( ! anti-cyclone4 ,?is is a type ( movem5t :i* is usually f\nd ov] l& r ?an sea1 & x has n ! regul> =w>d movem5t ( ! cyclone4 ,! la/ po9t :i* we may notice ab\t our wea!r is ! am\nt ( sun%9e :i* we receive4 ,at e well-equipp$ obs]vatory1 su* z t ( ,de]ness1 !re is an in/rum5t :i* records ! duration ( sun%9e1 h\r by h\r & day by day1 all ! ye> r\nd4 ,9 ! matt] ( sun%9e1 ,orkney is n s badly treat$ z we may sometimes ?9k4 ,! av]age numb] ( h\rs ( sun%9e ea* ye> record$ at ,de]ness is #a1agg1 :ile ,ed9burgh enjoys only #a1aff4 ,london is a little bett]1 ) #a1bfj1 :ile ,ha/+s1 on ! m fav\r$ s\? coa/ ( ,engl&1 has an av]age record ( #a1ghj h\rs4 ,our brighte/ mon? is ,may1 ) an av]age ( #agh h\rs ( sun%9e1 & our gloomie/ mon? is naturally ,decemb]1 ) only #bjf h\rs4 ,,! ,,place-,,names ,,( ,,orkney4 ,orkney place-names =m an attractive subject ( /udy4 ,!re is always "s reason :y a c]ta9 place receiv$ its own p>ticul> "n1 ?\gh t reason may (t5 be difficult to discov]4 ,! use ( a "n is1 ( c\rse1 to di/+ui% "o place f o!r places ( a simil> class1 & ! mo/ obvi\s way ( do+ s is to ref] to "s special feature or peculi>ity ( ! place4 ,9 ?is way arise su* names z ! ,r$ ,head1 ! ,nor? ,sea1 ! ,muckle ,wat]1 & ,gre5 ,holm4 ,h\ses & f>ms & isl&s are (t5 nam$ aft] ! own]4 ,:5 p ( a diff]5t race & language settle 9 a c\ntry1 or :5 ! language *anges1 z happ5$ 9 ,orkney aft] its annexation to ,scotl&1 ! old names may /ill be us$1 al?\gh :5 _! mean+ is unkn[n or has be5 =gott5 !y are apt to be *ang$ 9 v>i\s ways4 ,p r>ely take ! tr\ble ( inv5t+ a new "n = a place if !y c f9d out ! "n already giv5 to x4 ,?us if !re _h be5 any ,celtic or ,picti% inhabitants left 9 ,orkney :5 ! ,norsem5 settl$ !re1 ! ,celtic names ( ! isl&s & hills & bays w\ld h be5 h&$ d[n f !m to u4 ,b all ! old place-names 9 ,orkney are ,norse1 & ! only ,celtic elem5ts f\nd 9 !m ref] to ! settlem5ts & *ur*es ( ! ,culdees1 z we h already m5tion$4 ,! ,norse place-names are usually descriptive1 bas$ ei!r on ! appe>ance or ! situation ( ! place1 or on ! "n ( its occupi]4 ,su* names h an int]e/ :i* is entirely want+ 9 ! mod]n names giv5 to f>ms or h\ses1 names :i* are (t5 select$ = absurd or trivial reasons4 ,!re is little ne$ = inv5t+ any new names 9 a l& :i* has be5 s fully suppli$ ) !m already4 ,= x is n only ! v>i\s isl&s & _! mo/ prom95t physical features t be> descriptive ,norse names2 hillock & mead[1 field & spr+1 rock1 geo1 & sk]ry--all h be5 nam$ by our =efa!rs ) names ( :i* ! =m z well z ! mean+ is n[ 9 _m cases =gott54 ,^? names %\ld be reg>d$ z relics entru/$ to our c>e1 & we ought to le>n !m f ! old p by :om !y are /ill rememb]$1 & pres]ve !m f alt]ation or oblivion1 z ! mat]ial relics ( our romantic hi/ory are n[ be+ pres]v$ f de/ruction & decay4 ,orkney1 ! g5]al "n ( ! isl& gr\p1 is p>tly ,celtic & p>tly ,norse4 ,pl9y1 ! ,roman geograph]1 m5tions ,cape ,orcas1 probably ,duncansby ,head 9 ,cai?ness1 & calls ! isl&s ,orcades4 ,! ,celtic ,scots call$ !m ! ,orc ,isl&s1 & s\!rn writ]s use ! =m ,orcanig4 ,! root ( ! "n is suppos$ to be orc1 :i* meant ! bottl5ose :ale4 ,! ,norse visitors add$ ! t]m9ation -ey1 mean+ 8isl&40 ,:5 ! ,norsem5 settl$ 9 ^! isl&s1 !y gave to ea* a "n 9 _! own language1 & ^! names h be5 pres]v$ ) little alt]ation1 ?\gh _! mean+ has g5]ally be5 =gott54 ,"s 7 nam$ f _! configuration or appe>ance1 z ,hoy 7,ha-ey71 ! high isl&2 ,flotta 7,flat-ey71 ! flat isl&2 ,s&ay1 ! s& isl&2 ,eday1 ! isl& ( ! ei? or i/hmus2 ,burray 7,borg>-ey71 ! isl&s ( ! 8bro*s40 ,"s 7 nam$ f _! position1 z ,we/ray1 ! we/ isl&2 ,ausk]ry1 ! ea/ sk]ry4 ,"s 7 nam$ aft] p]sons z ,r\say1 ,rolf's isl&2 ,gairsay 7,g>eksey71 ,g>ek's isl&2 ,graemsay 7,grimsey71 ,grim's isl&2 ,cop9say1 ,kolbe9's isl&4 ,! "n ,r9ansey1 ! isl& ( ,/4 ,n9ian1 (t5 call$ ,r+an1 0 aft]w>ds *ang$ to ,ronaldsay1 ) 8,nor?0 prefix$ to di/+ui% x f ! orig9al ,rognvald's isl&1 n[ ,s\? ,ronaldsay4 ,a few 7 nam$ f _! uses1 z ,f>ay1 ! %eep isl&2 & ,hrossey1 ! horse isl&1 an old "n = ! ,ma9l& 7,meg9l&71 or pr9cipal isl& ( ! gr\p4 ,x is v odd to f9d 9 books & on maps ! ,lat9 "n ,pomona appli$ to ?is la/ isl&--,pomona1 ! ,roman goddess ( h>ve/-pl5ty1 ^: "n 0 also us$ to indicate ! fruits ( ! e>?4 ,! explanation seems to be t a mi/ake 0 made by ,george ,bu*anan1 ! greate/ ,lat9 s*ol> :om ,scotl& ev] produc$1 9 quot+ a passage f ,sol9us1 an old ,lat9 writ]4 ,sol9us1 speak+ ( "s isl& :i* he calls ,?yl or ,?ul1 says t x is five days' sail f ! ,orcades1 & t x is l>ge & ri* 9 ! con/ant yield ( its h>ve/s 7pomona74 ,bu*anan1 :o knew mu* ( ,lat9 b little ( ei!r ,?ul or ! ,orcades1 takes ?is to mean t 8,?ul is l>ge & ,pomona is ri* & f]tile10 & he concludes f ?is t ,pomona mu/ be ! *ief isl& ( ! ,orcades4 ,?us by a m]e blund] ! "n 8,pomona0 0 giv5 to ! ,ma9l&2 b !re is no good reason :y we %\ld p]petuate ?is blund]4 8,ma9l&0 is ! "n :i* e intellig5t ,orcadian %\ld use4 ,x is believ$ by "s t ! use ( ! ^w pomona itself is due to ano!r blund]1 ! mi/ake ( a copyi/1 & t :at ,sol9us really wrote 0 a contract$ =m ( a ^w :i* simply meant fruit4 ,our place-names h suff]$ mu* f ! blund]s ( surveyors & map-mak]s :o knew no?+ ( ! ,norse language4 ,:5ev] !y f\nd a "n :i* bore "s resemblance to an ,engli% ^w1 !y imm$iately *ang$ x into :at !y suppos$ to be its correct ,engli% =m4 ,a good example ( a "n ?us 8correct$0 = u is t ( ! place n[ call$ 8,walls40 ,! prop] "n ( ! di/rict is ,waas1 & ?is is ! "n :i* x %\ld be> on ! map4 ,b ! intellig5t surveyors no d\bt knew t !re is an ,engli% ^w 8walls0 :i* is pron\nc$ 8wa's0 9 ,scotl&1 & s !y assum$ t ! ,norse place-"n 8,waas0 ought to be writt5 & pron\nc$ 8,walls40 ,?is is ( c\rse an absurd error4 8,waas0 is a =m ( 8,voes10 a "n :i* is admirably suit$ to ! di/rict1 ! l& ( ! voes or bays4 ,! "n ( our c\nty t[n1 ,kirkwall1 has be5 simil>ly disguis$ by ! well-mean+ re=ms ( ignorant p]sons4 ,old p 9 ! isl&s /ill call x 8,kirkwaa10 & ?is is ! correct =m ( ! "n4 ,! ,pe]ie ,sea 0 call$ ! 8,kirk-voe0 long be=e ,/4 ,magnus ,ca!dral 0 built1 ! "n be+ d]iv$ f ! old *ur* ( ,/4 ,olaf1 ^: doorway /ill exi/s1 & ?is "n1 appli$ to ! t[n1 naturally *ang$ into 8,kirkwaa40 ,x w\ld probably be impossible n[ to re/ore ! old "n2 we c only be grateful t our map-mak]s did n also turn 8kirk0 into ! ,engli% =m 8*ur*40 ,we may suspect t ! p>i% "n ,holm has be5 simil>ly tamp]$ )4 ,! local pronunciation1 :i* is 8,ham10 indicates t ! "n may be d]iv$ f hafn1 a h>b\r1 z 9 8,hamnavoe0 7,hafn>vagr7 & o!r cases1 b has no connection ) holm1 :i* means a small isl&4 ,:5 ! mean+ ( hafn _h be5 =gott51 & ! local pronunciation 0 ignor$1 ! "n 0 naturally suppos$ to be connect$ ) ! holms :i* lie (f ! %ore4 ,a simil> intrusion ( ! lett] l is f\nd 9 ,pi][all1 & also 9 ,noltl&1 9 ,we/ray4 ,! latt] is sometimes1 & m correctly1 writt5 z 8,notl&40 ,! ,norse "n 0 ,nautal&1 ! pa/ure = 8n[t0 or cattle4 ,! ^w ,p5tl& mu/ be our la/ example ( su* blund]s4 ,to ! ,norsem5 ! ,scotti% ma9l& 0 ,pettl&1 ! l& ( ! ,picts2 & ev5 at ! pres5t day ,orcadians1 :o h n be5 misl$ by books & maps1 /ill speak ( ! 8,pettl& ,fir?40 ,! names ( f>ms or small di/ricts are (t5 v int]e/+4 ,a common t]m9ation 9 ^! is -bi/]1 :i* repres5ts ! ,norse bol/adr1 a f>m/ead+1 ! fir/ "p ( ! "n usually be+ d]iv$ f ! "n ( ! orig9al own]1 z 9 8,grimbi/]0 & 8,swanbi/]10 ! f>m ( ,grim & ( ,sweyn4 ,! ^w is connect$ ) bol1 a dwell+1 :i* /ill exi/s 9 our local dialect 9 ! =m 8beul10 mean+ a /all 9 a byre or /able4 ,two ,norse words1 bu & br1 mean+ a home or a h\sehold1 give rise respectively to ! common f>m "n ,bu1 & to sev]al names end+ 9 -by1 z ,h\seby & ,d\nby4 ,! t]m9ation -/] or -sett]1 :i* is also v common1 repres5ts ! ,norse ^w setr2 ! "n saet] is /ill us$ 9 ,norway = a summ] pa/ure among ! hills at "s di/ance f ! f>m4 ,sev]al ( our f>ms be> ! "n ( ,seatt]1 & ! numb] ( comp\nds ( ?is ^w is too l>ge to ne$ illu/ration4 ,g>?1 :i* meant an enclosure1 is ak9 to ! ,engli% words y>d & g>d51 & is f\nd 9 num]\s f>m names1 sometimes alone1 b m frequ5tly 9 comp\nds1 :]e x appe>s z ! t]m9ation -g]1 ! g be+ s\nd$ h>d4 ,o!r names = enclos$ l& 7 quoy 7kvi7 & t[n 7tun71 & 9 almo/ e di/rict we f9d f>m names 9 :i* ^! words appe>4 ,! ,norse skali1 a hall1 appe>s z skaill1 ei!r alone or z an elem5t 9 comp\nd names4 ,!re are o!r common t]m9ations :i* might be m5tion$1 all ( !m significant & wor?y ( /udy1 b ^! may suffice to illu/rate h[ full ( mean+ & int]e/ our common place-names really are4 ,we h said t ! ,norse ^w = 8isl&0 n[ appe>s z ! t]m9ation -ay or -a4 ,?is t]m9ation1 h[ev]1 has 9 "s cases a diff]5t orig91 especially :]e ! "n does n ref] to an isl&4 ,?us 9 ! names ,scapa & ,hoxa ! -a is a contraction ( ei?1 mean+ an i/hmus4 ,scapa 0 ,skalpei?1 ! %ip-i/hmus1 & ,hoxa 0 ,haugsei?1 ! i/hmus ( ! haug or h[e4 ,9 ! "n ( ! isl& ( ,s&ay1 ! t]m9ation means 8isl&20 9 ! "n ,s&ay appli$ to sev]al places r\nd ,de] ,s\nd1 ! ref]5ce is to ! 8,s& ai?0 or i/hmus already m5tion$4 ,9 names ( places su* z ,birsay & ,swannay1 :]e a l>ge burn is f\nd1 we may conclude t ! -ay repres5ts ! ,norse -a1 mean+ a riv]1 z ! o does 9 ,?urso4 ,z we %\ld expect f a seaf>+ race1 ! ,norsem5 h left u a v lib]al h]itage ( names = ! v>i\s natural features ( our %ores4 ,project+ po9ts ( l& are call$ 8ness0 or 8m\l0 or 8ta+10 accord+ to _! configuration1 & ev5 ! less prom95t rocks are /ill kn[n z 8clett0 or 8sk]ry10 or be> o!r names :i* 7 orig9ally simple descriptions ( _! peculi> =ms4 ,9 ! same way descriptive names 7 appli$ to ! wat] features1 & e 8voe0 & 8s\nd10 e 8hope0 & 8geo0 h names :i* (f] u a f9e field = /udy4 ,9 deal+ ) ?is la/ class ( names1 !re are two ,norse words :i* may cause u "s tr\ble--hella1 a flat rock1 & hellir1 a cave1 bo? ( :i* appe> 9 place-names z hellya1 :ile a ?ird ^w helgr1 holy1 sometimes assumes ! same =m4 ,x is impossible to det]m9e :at ! orig9al =m & mean+ ( a "n h be5 unless we exam9e ! place z well z its "n4 ,9 /udy+ our place-names1 we ought to rememb] t ! correct names are ^? t are us$ by ! old p :o live 9 ! di/rict1 n ^? t are f\nd on ! map1 or are us$ by p :o adopt ! pronunciation sugge/$ by ! spell+4 ,by means ( ! k ( a few doz5 common ,norse roots1 & a c>eful exam9ation ( ! places to :i* ! names belong1 mo/ ( our old-fa%ion$ place-names may be made to yield up _! anci5t mean+s1 & to ?r[ "s light ^u ! pa/ condition ( ! isl&s4 ,:5 /udi$ 9 ?is way1 our place-names are se5 to be fragm5ts ( fossil hi/ory1 organic rema9s ( an e>ly /ratum ( society1 z eloqu5t ( ! pa/ z are ! geological fossils ( ! e>ly ages ( plant & animal life4 ,illu/ration3 ,at ! qu]n4 ,"p ,,iii4--,nature ,lore4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,rocks4 8,s]mons 9 ,/ones40 ,a /one qu>ry is a common en\gh object 9 ,orkney--s common1 inde$1 t we may nev] h tak5 any int]e/ 9 x4 ,yet ?is common qu>ry is a place :]e we may le>n "s /range facts ab\t ! mak+ ( our isl&s1 if we visit x 9 ! _s ( "o :o 8,f9ds tongues 9 trees1 books 9 ! runn+ brooks1 ,s]mons 9 /ones1 & good 9 ev]y?+40 ,! qu>rym5 beg9 _! "w by cle>+ away ! 8r$d0 f ! rock b5ea?4 ,fir/ !y remove ! soil4 ,?is is d>k 9 col\r1 n v ri* or deep1 p]haps1 & n s black z ! m f]tile soils ( o!r l&s4 ,yet x conta9s ! plant-food :i* n\ri%es our crops1 & ?us n\ri%es ourselves4 ,! p>ticles are f9e & loose1 & ! soil is trav]s$ ev]y:]e by ! small rootlets ( plants4 ,! d>k col\r is due to ! decay$ sub/ance ( pa/ crops ( plants1 :i* l>gely consi/s ( c>bon4 ,we mu/ try to f9d out h[ ?is soil1 :i* is s preci\s to ! f>m]1 has be5 =m$4 ,e "o kn[s ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! appe>ance ( a new h\se & t ( an old "o3 9 ! =m] ! /ones ( ! walls are clean & %>p1 9 ! latt] !y h a wea!r$1 "t-worn look4 ,9 gravey>ds ! head/ones rec5tly put up h _! inscriptions %>p & cle>2 ! old] /ones h _! surfaces pitt$1 & ! lett]s c>v$ on !m are indi/9ct4 ,comp>e ! old c>v+s & trac]y on ! out] walls ( our ca!dral1 made hundr$s ( ye>s ago1 ) ! clean-cut masonry ( new build+s :i* /& ne> x1 & y w see t /ones decay ) "t & m\ld] away2 !y crumble into du/ "u ! w9t]'s fro/ & ra9s & ! heat ( ! summ] sun4 ,s x is ) all ! rocks ( :i* ! surface ( our isl&s is made up4 ,ye> by ye> !y m\ld] away4 ,! du/ or e>? into :i* !y break d[n =ms a soil 9 :i* plants take root & gr[4 ,! plants pu% _! root fibres d[nw>ds1 help+ to op5 up ! cracks 9 ! rock2 & :5 ^! roots die & decay _! sub/ance m+les ) ! soil1 giv+ x t black col\r :i* m>ks old f]tile soils t h long be5 cultivat$4 ,"u ! soil lies ! subsoil--t is1 rock :i* is half decay$ & p>tly brok5 up4 ,9 c\rse ( "t x w become z f9e z ! soil itself2 = ! subsoil gradually *anges into soil4 ,9 wet wea!r ! ra91 & 9 dry wea!r ! w9d1 c>ry away ! f9e p>ticles ( e>? f ! surface ( ! fields1 & w\ld soon] or lat] take away all ! f]tile soil2 b ! cont9ual action ( ! wea!r on ! subsoil supplies fre% mat]ial4 ,h5ce1 :ile ! old soil is con/antly be+ remov$1 new soil is =m+ to take its place4 ,z we see 9 ! qu>ry1 "u ! soil & ! subsoil !re is rock4 ,?is is true ( all p>ts ( our c\ntry2 !re is a rocky skeleton b5ea? ! ?9 lay] ( f]tile soil :i* supports ! plants & animals4 ,9 ! rocky sk]ries :i* are common along ! %ores we see ! nature ( ! rock-built framework ( ! isl&s4 ,if ! soil & subsoil 7 swept away1 z ! waves h swept x f ! sk]ries1 x w\ld be pla9ly se5 t ! isl&s are built up ( rocks4 ,all ! rocks ( our isl&s1 almo/ )\t exception1 7 laid d[n "u wat]4 ,!y consi/ ( ?ree diff]5t sub/ances4 ,"o is s&1 9 small r\nd$ :ite or yell[ gra9s4 ,ano!r is clay1 d>k gray 9 col\r1 v close gra9$ & s(t4 ,! ?ird is lime4 ,a rock :i* consi/s mo/ly ( s& is call$ s&/one4 ,! ,eday free/one1 :i* is mu* us$ = putt+ r\nd ! doors & w9d[s ( %ops & l>ge build+s1 is a s&/one4 ,! common blue flag/one conta9s clay mix$ ) m or less s&4 ,! s&y b$s are co>se1 gritty1 & h>d2 ! f9e-gra9$ flags conta9 m clay1 & are d>k] 9 col\r1 s(t]1 & smoo!r on ! surface4 ,ne>ly all ! f9e flags conta9 lime2 (t5 x is se5 9 :ite %9+ cry/als on ! jo9t-faces ( ! /ones us$ 9 build+4 ,! pres5ce ( lime 9 a soil improves x consid]ably4 ,9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,orkney ! rocks diff] mu* 9 appe>ance4 ,9 "o place we f9d yell[ & r$ s&/one1 9 ano!r blue & gray flags1 9 ano!r pudd+-/one & granite4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( ?is8 ,x %[s t :ile ! :ole area ( our isl&s 0 cov]$ ) wat]1 gravel 0 be+ laid d[n at "o place1 s& or muddy silt at ano!r1 & s on4 ,we c ev5 make out ! ord] 9 :i* ! diff]5t lay]s or /rata 7 laid d[n4 ,x is done 9 ?is way3--,usually ! b$s ( rock are n n[ flat b tilt$1 & %[ _! edges turn$ up 9 a m or less %>p slope4 ,if we walk along any b>e rocky %ore we %all f9d t b$ succe$s b$1 ea* re/+ on ! top ( all ^? :i* und]lie x4 ,no place c\ld be f\nd to %[ ?is bett] ?an ! %ore ( ,hoy ,s\nd f ,/romness to ,breckness4 ,we g on & on1 cross+ ov] b$ aft] b$ ( rock1 till we h pass$ ov] ! edges ( a pile ( flag/one :i* mu/ be sev]al ?\s& feet ?ick4 ,! same ?+ c be se5 to ! ea/ ( ,kirkwall1 or1 9 fact1 almo/ any:]e 9 ! isl&s4 ,sometimes ! b$s dip or slant 9 diff]5t directions at diff]5t p>ts ( ! %ore4 ,!n aga9 !y may be brok5 by cracks or faults :i* br+ diff]5t k9ds ( rock up aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,if "o c\ld visit ! :ole ( ,orkney & exam9e all ! rocks1 mak+ out 9 :at ord] !y foll[ "o ano!r1 h[ (t5 !y are int]rupt$ or repeat$ by faults1 & :at is _! incl9ation or dip1 "o c\ld tell exactly ! ord] 9 :i* ! rocks ( ea* di/rict 7 laid d[n on ! bottom ( ! old lake :]e !y 7 =m$4 ,?is is "o ( ! tasks :i* ! geologi/ und]takes2 & ?\gh x looks v difficult1 yet 9 ,orkney x is q possible to d s ) pretty fair accuracy4 ,:at is ! result8 ,at ! bottom ( ! :ole we place ! granite ( ,/romness & ,graemsay4 ,?is repres5ts "p ( ! floor ( ! old lake on :i* ! gravel & s& & mud 7 laid d[n--a "p :i* /ood up above ! wat] z an isl&4 ,next to ?is we f9d a ?9 lay] ( pudd+-/one4 ,?is is =m$ ( ! old gravel :i* ga!r$ on ! bea*es & %ores ar\nd ! granite isl& z x 0 sl[ly cov]$ ov]4 ,above t 7 laid d[n ! flag/ones ( ! ,we/ ,ma9l&2 !n ^? ( ,kirkwall1 ! ,ea/ ,ma9l&1 & ! ,nor? ,isles2 !n ! yell[ & r$ s&/ones ( ,eday1 ,%ap9say1 ! ,head ( ,holl&1 ,de]ness1 & ,s\? ,ronaldsay4 ,illu/ration3 ,cliff %[+ horizontal /rata4 ,! :ole s]ies ( ^! rocks mu/ be ?\s&s ( feet ?ick1 & h[ long !y took to =m we _c conceive4 ,!n !re is a gap 9 ! s]ies4 ,?is means t = a "t ! lake 0 dry l& & in/ead ( mud & s& be+ laid d[n1 ! rocks :i* _h be5 =m$ 7 p>tly wa%$ away by ra9 & /reams4 ,aft] a long "t _h pass$1 ano!r lake 0 =m$1 & 9 x 7 laid d[n ! yell[ s&/ones ( ,hoy1 :i* are q diff]5t f ! o!r yell[ s&/ones ( ,orkney4 ,:5 y ?9k t ea* ?9 flag/one or lay] ( s&/one 9 our qu>ry 0 once a %eet ( mud & s&1 & t x took mon?s1 no d\bt1 or ev5 ye>s1 to ga!r on ! lake bottom1 y c und]/& h[ va/ a space ( "t is repres5t$ by ! old r$ s&/one ( ,orkney4 8,books 9 ! ,runn+ ,brooks40 ,let u n[ take a /roll along "o ( ! little burns :i* fl[ betwe5 _! gre5 or hea!ry banks 9 any ( ! valleys ( our native isl&s4 ,^! little burns are v small 9 comp>ison ) ! mighty riv]s ( ! _w1 yet !y are quietly p]=m+ a great task1 & 9 ! long pa/ ages ! am\nt ( "w :i* !y h done is f> great] ?an y h ev] imag9$4 ,x is summ]1 & ! burn runs %all[ & sl[2 ! pebbles & s& %[ cle>ly 9 ! pools4 ,! burn ent]s a little bay1 & z x fl[s across ! %ore x breaks up into sev]al /reamlets1 ea* work+ its way ?r\gh ! gravel4 ,bracki% wat] plants gr[ "h2 ! %ore is muddy1 & ! seawe$ is (t5 soil$ ) f9e s$im5t4 ,! burn has br\ght ?is d[n1 & has dropp$ x :]e x ent]s ! sea4 ,we foll[ ! *annel upw>ds1 ?r\gh flat1 ri* mead[s1 :i* may be till$1 & cov]$ ) corn & o!r crops4 ,9 ! mead[ ! burn w9ds to & fro1 & 9 ea* loop ! out] side is /eep1 (t5 ov]hang+3 "u ! grassy bank ! tr\t lie hid4 ,! inn] side ( ! b5d is %all[1 slopes gradually d[n to ! wat]1 & is cov]$ ) small brok5 /ones & gravelly pebbles4 ,we c see t ! curr5t is eat+ away ! /eep out] bank by und]m9+ x1 :ile on ! inn] side ! small /ones are ga!r+4 ,! mead[ ?r\gh :i* we are pass+ is flat1 & cov]$ ) wiry grasses :i* love wet situations4 ,! /uff ( :i* x is made c be se5 on ! banks ( ! burn4 ,x is a s(t1 d>k-br[n e>?1 almo/ )\t /ones1 or ) "h & !re a lay] ( pebbles4 ,h[ has ?is mead[ be5 =m$8 ,! /ream has done x4 ,to f9d out h[ ! /ream made ! mead[ we mu/ visit x 9 w9t] aft] sev]al days ( heavy ra94 ,!n a %eet ( wat] cov]s ! mead[1 mak+ x a %all[ lake4 ,! wat] is v /ill except ne> ! *annel ( ! burn2 x is br[n & full ( mud4 ,= "s days ! lake rema9s1 !n ! wat] beg9s to fall4 ,! /ream is cle>] n[1 ?\gh /ill d>k ) mud2 good wat] ?is = ! tr\t-fi%]4 ,a few days m & ! lake has vani%$2 ! /ream keeps )9 its banks1 ?\gh x is /ill full4 ,n[ look at ! mead[4 ,x is cov]$ ) a v ?9 film ( grayi%-br[n mud4 ,9 spr+ ! grasses w gr[ quickly1 & w be gre5] ?an ev]4 ,! mead[ is a little--ev] s little--high] = ! new %eet ( mud x has acquir$4 ,w9t] aft] w9t] ?is goes on4 ,! br[n e>? :i* =ms ! mead[ is flood mud4 ,its flat configuration is due to its be+ laid d[n 9 a little tempor>y lake4 ,let u foll[ ! /ream /ill f>!r1 & leave ! mead[ beh9d4 ,! *annel gets /eep]1 & ! wat] fl[s along q m]rily1 fa/] ?an 9 ! level mead[ bel[4 ,! b5ds 9 ! burn disappe>4 ,x is 9 a hurry "h & fl[s /raight2 9 ! flat mead[ bel[ x loit]s & sw+s lazily to & fro4 ,! *annel is %all[1 & !re are few pools4 ,! banks are (t5 b>e rock1 or ! /ony clay :i* is produc$ by ! wea!r+ ( rock4 ,! /ream is wa%+ away ! clay2 x ev5 attacks ! h>d rocks4 ,to see h[ ?is is done y mu/ come :5 ! burn is swoll5 ) heavy ra9s4 ,!n y w he> x roll+ ! /ones along4 ,!y gr9d on "o ano!r1 & ?us !y get _! r\nd$ %ape1 or are brok5 up into small fragm5ts4 ,z !y are roll$ along !y we> away ! rocks & deep5 ! b$ ( ! /ream4 ,loose pieces are swept away1 s(t lay]s are plan$ d[n4 ,_m ( ! cracks & jo9ts are op5$ & loos5$1 ready = fre% attacks dur+ ! floods ( next w9t]4 ,?is is :]e ! gravel comes f4 ,9 ! l[] "p ( its c\rse ! /ream _c move l>ge /ones1 b 9 floodtime ! small] pebbles are c>ri$ d[nw>ds4 ,! big /ones lie 9 ! upp] /ream2 !y mu/ be brok5 small] be=e !y c be c>ri$ away4 ,aft] ra9y wea!r y w (t5 f9d t a rapid bran* /ream has %ot a big heap ( pebbles into ! ma9 /ream4 ,:5 ! floods rise above ! surface ( ! mead[ !y may /rew %eets ( little /ones "h & !re ov] ! grass4 ,aft] a big flood1 if y "k ! /ream well1 y w f9d _m *anges4 ,"h a bank ( gravel has be5 c>ri$ away2 !re a new "o has ga!r$4 ,at e b5d ! bank %[s und]m9+1 & pieces h be5 swept away4 ,! f9e /uff makes mud3 "p ( ?is is laid d[n on ! mead[1 b mu* ( x is c>ri$ "r out to sea4 ,t runn+ wat] w wa% away s&1 gravel1 & mud is n new to y4 ,y h (t5 se5 x on ! roads & 9 ! roadside dit*es1 9 ! little runnels ar\nd ! f>mh\ses1 or 9 ! pl\gh$ fields4 ,! burn is always do+ ! same ?+1 accord+ to its p[]s4 ,9 dry wea!r x does little1 = its curr5t is weak2 9 floods x works rapidly4 ,= p]haps two doz5 days 9 a ye> e burn is 9 great /r5g?1 & is a p[]ful ag5t 9 *ang+ ! =m ( ! l&4 ,?is leads y to grasp ! fact t ! /ream has dug out its own *annel1 & t x c>ries rock mat]ial to l[] levels1 & at la/ to ! sea4 ,if y "k "s ( our burns well1 & /udy & wat* !m closely1 y w f9d a _w ( int]e/ 9 !m4 ,e feature ( _! *annels is due to ! "w ! fl[+ wat] is do+1 & %[s ! mann] 9 :i* x is done4 ,b :at ( ! wide valley 9 :i* ! burn fl[s8 ,o!r ag5cies h be5 at "w "h besides ! wat]3 ice has left its m>k on e "p ( our valleys4 ,b ! burn has done mo/4 ,on ei!r side x is jo9$ by bran*es4 ,ea* ( ^! is cutt+ its own *annel1 & ?us gradually deep5+ ! valley4 ,ea* bran* has its less] bran*es2 toge!r !y cov] ! :ole valley ) an intricate sy/em ( wat] *annels4 ,betwe5 ^! *annels1 hea!r & grass are gr[+ 9 ! /ony soil4 ,! soil1 z y h le>n$ already1 is due to ! decay ( ! rocks4 ,fro/ & ra9 beg9 ! "w1 & ! gr[? ( plants ha/5s & helps x4 ,ov] ! :ole ( ! slop+ valley sides ! rocks are be+ brok5 up into f9] & f9] p>ticles4 ,:5 heavy ra9 comes x wa%es away ! small] p>ticles1 & little runnels appe> :i* c>ry away ! surface wat]4 ,e ye> a portion ( ! soil is swept away to ! mead[s1 or to ! mud %eets :i* floor ! %all[ sea bel[4 ,none ( ?is ev] comes back2 x is %e] loss--a little at a "t1 b if ! "t be long en\gh x am\nts to a v great quantity4 ,e day s9ce t burn began to fl[ x has c>ri$ d[nw>ds a great] or small] burd5 ( soil4 ,x took a long "t = p to grasp ! fact t runn+ wat] is a great e>?-%ap+ ag5t4 ,e valley y h ev] se5 0 made 9 ?is way4 ,o!r ?+s help$1 b ! /ream 0 ! ma9 cause4 ,a valley is only a great groove eat5 out ( ! rock4 ,x is n due to any e>?quake or r5d+ ap>t ( ! rocks2 x is n an orig9al feature ( ! c\ntry4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 !re 0 no valley !re2 b f ! day ! /ream fir/ began to trickle ov] ! rocks x has gone on deep5+ its *annel & excavat+ ! valley1 & x is /ill do+ s4 ,! /ream n only made ! valley2 x %ap$ ! hills also4 ,we sometimes speak ( 8! ev]la/+ hills40 ,no d\bt ! hills are v old1 & w la/ a long "t4 ,yet ! little /ream is old] & mighti] ?an !y4 ,x %ap$ !m & br\ght !m into be+2 9 "t x w remove !m & level !m ) ! pla94 ,let u climb ! side ( a hill1 & see :at we c le>n ab\t x by pati5t obs]vation & inf]5ce4 ,any "o ( our flat-topp$1 r\nd-%\ld]$ ,orkney hills w d4 ,!y 7 all =m$ 9 ! same way1 & tea* ! same lessons4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,w>d ,hill1 ,hoy4 ,! asc5t is g5tle at fir/ z we leave ! pla9 or ! bottom ( ! valley4 ,!n x gets /eep] & /eep]4 ,(t5 x is l a s]ies ( great /eps--a %>p rise = a little1 !n a flat l$ge2 ano!r %>p rise1 foll[$ by a g5tle slope1 & s on4 ,^! t]races are =m$ ( b$s ( h>d /one1 :i* wea!r d[n v sl[ly4 ,! s(t] rocks crumble fa/1 & =m ! /eep slope4 ,all our flag/one hills %[ ^! /eps or t]races4 ,!y prove t ! slope ( ! hillside is det]m9$ l>gely by ! rate at :i* ! diff]5t rock b$s we> away4 ,aft] our /iff climb we get ne> ! top4 ,_m ( our hills are broad-back$4 ,:5 we get above ! /eep "p we f9d a flat top1 & x is (t5 difficult to say :]e ! actual summit is4 ,9 _m places !re are great gr\ps ( hills1 all ( ab\t ! same height1 b sep>at$ by valleys4 ,! ,orphir1 ,fir?1 & ,h>ray hills1 ! ,r\say1 ,evie1 & ,birsay hills1 & ! hills ( ,walls are all ( ?is k9d4 ,ev5 ! ,hoy hills %[ ! same feature1 ?\gh less cle>ly4 ,9 all ^! cases ! hilltops look l ! rema9s ( "o cont9u\s /ret* ( high gr\nd1 :i* has be5 cut up into pieces by ! digg+ out ( ! valleys4 ,! hills are ! remnants ( a plateau4 ,?is is n a m]e supposition1 b c be prov$ q cle>ly4 ,9 _m ,orkney hills !re are b$s ( rock :i* c be id5tifi$ by ! geologi/ by c]ta9 m>ks4 ,!y may conta9 peculi> fossils1 or !y may be ( a special col\r or /ructure4 ,9 ,fir? & ,orphir1 = example1 !re is a b& ( flag/one :i* yields ro(+ slabs4 ,y c foll[ ?is b& f hill to hill = sev]al miles1 (t5 by ! qu>ries 9 :i* x 0 ext5sively work$ 9 =m] ye>s4 ,x occurs at mu* ! same level 9 all ! diff]5t hills1 ?\gh s9k+ some:at to ! nor? accord+ to ! dip or slope ( ! rock b$4 ,x is f\nd on bo? sides ( ! valleys1 z1 = example1 at ,f9/[n1 at mu* ! same height4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,hills ( ,orkney4 ,photograph$ f a ,relief ,model bas$ on ! ,ordnance ,survey4 ,! ,orkney hills1 !n1 consi/ ( a great pile ( b$s ( flag/one :i* once spread unbrok5 ov] ! :ole c\ntry4 ,out ( ?is great mass ( flag/ones & s&/ones ! runn+ wat] ( ! burns has c>v$ ! valley sy/ems4 ,! hills are ! remnants :i* ! /reams h n yet remov$4 ,z "t goes on ! valleys deep5 & broad51 & ! hills get less & less4 8,! hills are %ad[s1 & !y fl[ ,f =m to =m1 & no?+ /&s40 ,x has tak5 va/ ages to d ?is "w1 & ! "w is /ill go+ on4 ,x is v sl[4 ,! olde/ man h>dly notices any visible *ange 9 ! configuration ( ! c\ntry4 ,b w9d1 ra91 fro/1 & runn+ wat] are ev] at "w4 ,e day sees "s loss1 "s mat]ial swept away nev] to return4 ,:at becomes ( x8 ,x rea*es ! sea1 & !re =ms mud & s&4 ,"t w *ange ^! into solid rock aga91 & may ultimately use !m 9 build+ new cont95ts4 ,! hills crumble into du/1 b x is 8! du/ ( cont95ts to be40 ,cliffs & ,bea*es4 ,on look+ at a map ( ,orkney or ,%etl& we are /ruck ) ! irregul>ity 9 ! %ape ( ! isl&s & ! w9d+ nature ( ! coa/ l9e4 ,!re mu/ be "s reason = ?is1 & a little reflection w br+ x to light4 ,if y look at ! l>g] valleys y w notice t mo/ ( !m end 9 salt-wat] bays1 :ile ! hills or ridges betwe5 ! valleys run out into po9ts or 8nesses40 ,?is is especially ! case 9 ,%etl&2 b 9 ,orkney1 too1 !re are _m in/ances ( x4 ,! %ape ( ! l& ext5ds b5ea? ! wat]--! deep bay cont9ues ! l& valley1 ! po9t & ! sk]ry m>k ! position ( ! wat]%$s4 ,we h se5 t ! valleys 7 eat5 out by runn+ /reams4 ,at "o "t ! l& /ood high]1 & ! burns fl[$ :]e n[ ! salt wat] cov]s ! bottom ( ! bay4 ,?us ! l& 0 %ap$4 ,!n ! gr\nd sank a little1 & ! sea flood$ ! l[] gr\nds4 ,! hilltops rema9$ above wat] z isl&s2 ! valleys & flat gr\nds 7 *ang$ into bays & s\nds & fir?s4 ,?9k :at w\ld happ5 if ! l& sank ano!r hundr$ feet4 ,_m ( ! pres5t isl&s w\ld become %oals1 & new isl&s w\ld be made :]e ! sea fl[$ r\nd ! high] gr\nd1 w9d+ out & 9 among !m 9 n>r[ s\nds & /raits1 j z x does among ! isl&s ( ! pres5t day4 ,long ago ,orkney & ,%etl& 7 mu* l>g] ?an !y are at pres5t4 ,mo/ ( ! ,nor? ,sea 0 dry l&1 cov]$ ) trees4 ,9 sev]al p>ts ( ,orkney we c see trunks & roots ( trees uncov]$ aft] heavy /orms h %ift$ ! s& on ! bea*4 ,^! trees did n gr[ b5ea? ! sea1 ( c\rse2 b ! l& sank1 & ! salt wat] cov]$ ! site ( ! old =e/4 ,our wild animals1 su* z h>es & rabbits1 mice1 voles1 & %rews1 7 n import$ 9 boats4 ,!y 7 "h probably be=e man arriv$1 & !y walk$ 9 on _! own feet :5 ! sea bottom 0 /ill "p ( ! dry l& ( ,europe4 ,^? :o h /udi$ ?is "q ?9k ! l& is /ill s9k+1 or at any rate has n yet begun to rise4 ,if x 7 ris+1 we %\ld f9d gravels & %ells & sea-bea*es above ! level ( ! pres5t %ores4 ,su* rais$ bea*es are f\nd 9 _m p>ts ( ,scotl&1 b n 9 ,orkney or ,%etl&4 ,! %ores are always *ang+1 & e "p ( !m be>s evid5ce ( con/ant alt]ations4 ,:]e !re are high banks or cliffs1 y w (t5 f9d t pieces h fall5 d[n2 ?is is especially ! case :]e ! bank consi/s ( clay4 ,our ,orkney rocks are v h>d & our cliffs v la/+1 b 9 "s p>ts ( ,engl& !re are villages & *ur*es n[ /&+ on ! v edge ( ! cliffs :i* a few c5turies ago 7 at a consid]able di/ance f ! sea4 ,x is ! sea t we>s away ! cliffs by hamm]+ at ! rocks2 dur+ /orms ! big /ones on expos$ bea*es are r\nd$ & worn by ! bill[s toss+ !m ab\t & driv+ !m aga9/ ! rocks4 ,on ! we/ coa/s ( our isl&s ! great w9t] waves h enorm\s p[]2 no breakwat] c\ld resi/ !m1 & a %ip :i* is driv5 a%ore soon goes to pieces4 ,! cliffs are und]m9$ at _! base by ! =mation ( caves2 ! s(t p>ts are eat5 out into geos4 ,fro/ & ra9 op5 ! seams ( ! rocks & great masses tumble d[n2 ^! are !n toss$ to & fro until !y are conv]t$ into heaps ( b\ld]s4 ,! b\ld]s get less & less1 & become pebbles2 la/ ( all !y are gr\nd d[n to f9e %+le & s&4 ,e k9d ( rock has its own *>act]i/ic type ( cliff sc5]y4 ,:5 pieces are deta*$ !y sep>ate along natural cracks :i* are call$ 8jo9ts10 & ^! jo9ts h a diff]5t arrangem5t 9 s&/one1 9 granite1 9 s]p5t9e1 & 9 s*i/4 ,wea!r+ !n acts on ! expos$ surface1 &1 if ! rock is b$d$1 "s b$s are eat5 away m rapidly ?an o!rs4 ,!re is mu* to int]e/ u 9 our cliffs2 !re is n a detail 9 _! =m :i* has n a mean+4 ,illu/ration3 ,a s&/one cliff4 ,on wild %ores :]e /orm-waves are high we f9d l>ge b\ld]s2 ! small] ones are wa%$ away & swept out to sea4 ,sometimes !re is no bea*1 b ! cliff plunges d[n into deep wat]1 = !re ! waves are s p[]ful t !y cle> away all ! brok5 rock4 ,on %elt]$ bea*es we f9d small r\nd$ pebbles4 ,if we look at ! /ones on ! %ore ( a small fre%-wat] lo* we f9d !m sc>cely r\nd$ at all1 = ! little waves _c toss !m ab\t & rub !m aga9/ "o ano!r4 ,! te> & we> ( pebbles produces s&1 & ! s& is driv5 to & fro by curr5ts & by /orms4 ,x re/s = a "t 9 "s ( ! bays1 b is n a fixture4 ,a high w9d drives "s ( x a%ore to cov] ! grass ( ! s&y l9ks4 ,a heavy /orm may drag a great deal ( x out to sea4 ,unless x is held fa/ by b5t or o!r plants1 s& is always mov+4 ,ev5 ! /ones travel along ! %ore1 driv5 by ! beat ( ! waves 9 bad wea!r4 ,!re are /one bea*es common 9 ,orkney & ,%etl& :i* are (t5 call$ ayres1 & :i* h beh9d !m a salt lagoon or oyce4 ,! oyce op5s to ! sea at "o end ( ! ayre1 & a /rong tidal curr5t fl[s out & 9 ?r\gh ! op5+4 ,an ayre is really an army ( /ones on ! m>*1 con/antly mov+ =w>d4 ,9 e bay !re is "o direction f :i* ! bigge/ waves come1 & ! /ones ( ! ayre h come f t direction4 ,! op5+ ( ! oyce is at ! o!r end ( ! ayre4 ,at fir/ !re 0 a bay ) a %all[ inn] end4 ,:5 ! big waves rea* %all[ wat] !y turn ov] & h _! spe$ *eck$4 ,/ones c>ri$ along ! %ore are dropp$ at ! edge ( ! %all[ wat]1 =m+ a b>4 ,! b> goes on /ret*+ across ! bay z ! /orms fet* m /ones1 & 9 "t ! oyce is ne>ly wall$ 94 ,b z ! op5+ gets n>r[] & n>r[] ! tidal fl[ gets /rong] & /rong] ,!re is a combat betwe5 ! tidal curr5ts & ! /orm curr5ts1 & 9 "t ?+s are adju/$ s t ! spe$ ( ! outfl[ is j en\gh to keep ! op5+ f be+ clos$ up4 ,! ,age ( ,ice4 ,along ! burns & ! sea%ores1 & 9 /one qu>ries1 we (t5 see banks ( clay4 ,usually ?is clay is full ( /ones4 ,9 "s places ! clay is m]ely ! s(t5$1 crumbl+ top ( ! rock1 & ! /ones 9 x are ( ! same k9d z ! solid rock bel[4 ,9 o!r places ! clay conta9s /ones :i* are q unlike any rocks 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,sometimes ^! /ones are v l>ge1 & !y mu/ h be5 c>ri$ f "s di/ant place1 = !y are ( a k9d ( rock :i* is n f\nd 9 ! isl&s4 ,:at is ! hi/ory ( ?is clay ) travell$ /ones1 or 8b\ld] clay10 z x is call$8 ,b\ld] clay may be recogniz$ by sev]al m>ks4 ,x is t\gh & /icky2 x %[s no b$d+ or lay]s2 & x may be only a few in*es ?ick1 or x may =m cliffs ?irty or =ty feet high4 ,pick a few /ones out ( x3 y w notice t !y are n all ( ! same k9d4 ,wa% !m c>efully 9 ! sea or ! burn4 ,_! ends are blunt & worn1 b !y are n r\nd$ l sea-pebbles4 ,_! surfaces are smoo?1 & are cov]$ ) f9e scrat*es1 z if "s "o _h drawn a ne$le or ! po9t ( a knife along !m4 ,n[h]e except 9 ?is clay w y see /ones ) ^! curi\s scrat*es4 ,if y f9d ! place :]e ! bottom ( ! clay re/s on ! h>d rock1 y %\ld c>efully remove a little ( ! clay & lay b>e ! rock surface b5ea?4 ,wa% x ) a little wat]1 & y w see t x is cov]$ ) f9e scrat*es exactly l ^? on ! /ones4 ,n[ ?is smoo?+ & scrat*+ ( ! /ones & ( ! rock might be expla9$ by imag9+ t ! clay at "o "t 0 9 motion1 pu%$ =w>d by "s imm5se =ce1 & t ! /ones rubb+ on "o ano!r & on ! rocky floor produc$ ^! scrat*es4 ,among ! ,alps1 9 ,norway1 9 ,gre5l&1 & 9 o!r places :]e !re are high sn[-clad m\nta9s or a v cold climate1 ! sn[ ga!rs 9 ! valleys till x =ms ?ick masses1 & is compress$ by its own weight into ice3 ^! masses are kn[n z glaci]s4 ,glaci]s are really sl[-mov+ riv]s ( ice2 !y slip v sl[ly d[n ! valley slopes1 travell+ usually only a few in*es 9 a day4 ,:5 !y rea* ! w>m] region at ! base ( ! m\nta9s1 !y melt away1 leav+ beh9d !m heaps ( clay :i* !y h swept d[n f ! hills4 ,! /ones 9 ?is clay are worn & smoo!d & scrat*$ exactly l ^? 9 ! b\ld] clays ( ,orkney & ,%etl&1 & ! rocks ov] :i* ! glaci]s h mov$ are smoo!d & scrat*$ likewise4 ,! b\ld] clay1 !n1 is cle>ly a glacial deposit1 =m$ at a "t :5 our isl&s 7 cov]$ ) mov+ %eets ( ice4 ,^! ice %eets 7 travell+ f ! ,nor? ,sea t[>ds ! ,atlantic1 9 a we/ or nor?-we/ direction1 = ! scrat*es on ! rock surface always h t tr5d4 ,we c (t5 prove also t ! b\ld]s f\nd 9 ! clay h travell$ f ! s\?-ea/4 ,?us at ! ,mont1 ne> ,kirkwall1 ! b\ld] clay is full ( r$ s&/one f ! ,head ( ,holl& & ,+aness ,bay4 ,9 ,%etl& /ones h be5 c>ri$ f ! ea/ side ( ! ma9l& "r ov] ! hills to ! we/ %ores4 ,:5 we piece toge!r all ! evid5ce ab\t ?is ,ice ,age or ,glacial ,p]iod1 n only 9 ,orkney & ,%etl& b 9 all ! nor?-we/ ( ,europe1 we le>n t x la/$ a v long "t1 & t ! ,nor? ,sea 0 fill$ ) a great %eet ( ice :i* mu/ h be5 sev]al ?\s& feet ?ick4 ,?is ice 0 pu%$ out ( ! bas9 ( ! ,nor? ,sea we/w>ds into ! ,atlantic by ! pressure ( ! deep sn[-cap :i* cov]$ ! m\nta9s ( c5tral ,europe1 & on its way x pass$ ov] ,orkney & ,%etl&4 ,! brok5 /ones & rubbi% :i* ga!r$ bel[ x =m$ ! b\ld] clay4 ,?is may seem a v /range tale1 b e k9d ( evid5ce t is ne$$ to prove its tru? has be5 f\nd by ^? :o h /udi$ ! b\ld] clay & ! scrat*$ rocks b5ea? x4 ,aft] ! great ice %eet melt$1 ! climate 0 /ill cold1 & !re 7 times :5 sn[ & ice ga!r$ on our hilltops & little glaci]s fl[$ d[n ! valleys4 ,^! also h left traces beh9d by :i* y c "k :]e !y 74 ,9 e "o ( ! high] gl5s 9 ! ,orkney hills y w f9d m\nds ( clay & /ones1 (t5 =m+ a cresc5t or b[ runn+ f side to side ( ! valley4 ,!y are v well se5 9 ,h>ray1 ,birsay1 ,orphir1 & ,hoy2 b ev5 9 ! ,ea/ ,ma9l& ! hills1 ?\gh l[1 gave rise to little glaci]s4 ,9 ,%etl& !y are almo/ z common z 9 ,orkney4 ,9 _m p>i%es !re are clu/]s ( l>ge & small m\nds1 "s ( !m grassy & o!rs cov]$ ) hea!r1 ly+ ne> ! m\?s ( ! ma9 valleys4 ,:5 ^! m\nds h be5 cut into by /reams or by roads1 we see t !y are n rocky hillocks b consi/ only ( clay & /ones1 & t ! /ones are (t5 scrat*$ l ^? 9 ! /iff b\ld] clay4 ,^! m\nds are ! 8dumps0 or mora9es :]e ! glaci]s :i* fill$ ! valleys melt$ & dropp$ _! rubbi%4 ,at t "t our isl&s mu/ h resembl$ ,spitzb]g51 :]e to-day mo/ ( ! hills h an ice-cap & ne>ly all ! valleys are fill$ ) glaci]s1 "s ( :i* rea* ! sea & give bir? to iceb]gs1 :ile o!rs melt away & deposit lumpy mora9es ov] ! valley bottoms4 ,orkney ,fossils4 ,y _c exam9e _m ( our ,orkney flag/ones c>efully )\t f9d+ fossils4 ,! mo/ common are scales & bones ( fi%es4 ,9 ! rock ^! (t5 appe> z coal-black specks4 ,:5 a fossil has wea!r$ = a long "t1 z 9 a /one dyke or on ! sea%ore1 x (t5 becomes bright blue1 l a spla% ( blue pa9t4 ,sometimes :ole fi%es are f\nd 9 ! gray flag/ones1 ) e f9 & e scale p]fect4 ,( c\rse y w n f9d ^! e day or e ye>1 b !re are _m qu>ries 9 ,orkney :]e y may get !m occasionally4 ,:5 ! qu>ryman uncov]s a b$ ( rock1 he (t5 f9ds x spr9kl$ ov] ) great numb]s ( fossil fi%es4 ,we c picture to ourselves t1 at "s "t long gone by1 :5 ^! flag/ones 7 be+ laid d[n 9 ! old ,orcadian lake z %eets ( s&y & muddy silt1 ! fi%es 7 sudd5ly kill$ by a volcanic eruption1 or by a p]iod ( dr\ght1 & _! dead bodies cov]$ ! muddy bottom = miles4 ,fre% mud !n came d[n & buri$ !m1 & pres]v$ _! rema9s4 ,9 process ( "t _! bones & scales 7 *ang$ into ! pit*-black sub/ance :i* we n[ f9d 9 ! rocks4 ,b we c /ill see t ^! specks & scales are really p>ts ( fi%es4 ,if we exam9e !m "u ! microscope1 we f9d t !y h all ! m>ks ( /ructure t ! same p>ts ( c]ta9 fi%es h at ! pres5t day4 ,9 almo/ e p>i% 9 ,orkney !re is at lea/ "o qu>ry :i* conta9s good fossils1 & !re mu/ be _m o!rs :i* we d n yet "k (4 ,b no p]son :o kn[s :at a bit ( fossil fi% is l ne$ se>* v long among ! flag/ones ( ! %ore )\t f9d+ a scale1 a jaw bone1 a too?1 or o!r relic ( ! fi%es :i* liv$ 9 ,orkney at ! "t ! flag/one muds 7 ga!r+4 ,a heap ( /ones ?r[n d[n by ! roadside1 = build+ a dyke or = m5d+ ! roads1 (t5 conta9s fragm5ts ( doz5s ( fi%es4 ,x is n difficult = u to picture :at ^! fi%es 7 l :5 alive4 ,"s ( !m 7 ab\t ! size ( sillocks or h]r+s1 o!rs 7 z l>ge z a big cod4 ,!y _h scales all ov] _! bodies1 & f9s1 support$ by bony rays1 j l liv+ fi%es4 ,b ?\gh _m ( !m 7 ( ! same %ape & g5]al outl9e z a tr\t or a h]r+1 !y diff]$ f ^! 9 _m ways4 ,_! scales 7 (t5 h>d & bony1 ) a smoo?1 %9+ out] lay] ( enamel l t :i* cov]s a too?4 ,^? fi%es are call$ ganoids4 ,on _! heads !y _h bony plates ) ! same h>d cov]+1 (t5 %[+ ridges & furr[s1 knobs1 & o!r m>k+s4 ,y may see ^! beautifully pres]v$ 9 _m ( ! fossil bones :i* occur 9 ! gray & blue flag/ones4 ,^? fi%es belong to species :i* are no long] liv+ on ! e>?'s surface1 b closely alli$ k9ds ( fi% are /ill f\nd 9 a few riv]s 9 ,africa1 ,am]ica1 & ,europe4 ,! royal /urgeon is "o ( ^!4 ,none ( ! fi%es :i* are common 9 our seas at ! pres5t day are ev] f\nd z fossils 9 rocks z old z ! ,orcadian flag/ones4 ,! wat] ( ! ,orcadian lake 0 fre% wat]4 ,we "k ?is because we f9d no m>9e %ells1 & no crabs or cuttle-fi%es 9 ! flag/ones1 ?\gh ^! k9ds ( animals peopl$ ! sea at t "t1 & w\ld h be5 pres]v$ z fossils if !y _h inhabit$ ! lake4 ,"s ( ! fi%es 9 ! lake 7 v grotesque & oddly-%ap$ creatures4 ,"o ( !m _h two curi\s bony arms or w+s :i* /uck out f its sides4 ,x is n v common 9 ,orkney1 b is sometimes f\nd 9 qu>ries ne> ,/romness1 & a small] fi% ( mu* ! same %ape may be got 9 ,de]ness occasionally4 ,!y are call$ 8w+$ fi%es10 & are q unlike any fi%es n[ liv+4 ,s /range is ?is fossil t :5 fir/ f\nd x 0 ?\ght to be a curi\s beetle4 ,ano!r /range fi% 0 ( great size2 its head bones are a foot or m 9 l5g?4 ,pieces ( ! head ( ?is fi% may be se5 9 _m p>ts ( ,orkney1 b ! bones ( ! body 7 s(t & rott$ away aft] ! fi% di$4 ,! back ( its head 0 some:at l a %ovel 9 %ape1 & ! bones are (t5 half an in* 9 ?ickness4 ,!re 7 two great holes = ! eyes ne> ! corn]s ( ?is %ield4 ,! back ( ! neck 0 protect$ by ano!r l>ge plate4 ,a specim5 ( ?is fossil c be se5 9 ! ,/romness museum2 x 0 call$ by ,hugh ,mill] ! ,a/]olepis1 or 8/>-scale fi%10 ( ,/romness4 ,besides ! fi%es1 o!r fossils occur 9 ! flag/ones1 b n ( _m k9ds4 ,at ,pickaquoy1 ne> ,kirkwall1 & 9 sev]al o!r places1 v small %ells1 l t9y mussel %ells1 (t5 cov] ! surface ( ! b$s ( rock4 ,pieces ( wood may also be se5 9 ! flag/ones2 !y are flatt5$ out & =m black /rips ( a coaly sub/ance1 b z !y mu/ h drift$ a long di/ance f l&1 & sunk to ! bottom only :5 !y became wat]-logg$1 !y d n tell u mu* ab\t ! nature ( ! plants :i* clo!d ! isl&s & ! %ores ( ! lake4 ,yet we "k t !re 7 no fl[]s !n1 no grasses1 or s$ges1 or trees l ^? t n[ live1 b only great re$s & tree-l plants belong+ to ! same gr\ps z ! horse-tail t gr[s 9 wat]y places & along roadsides1 & ! little gre5 scaly club moss t creeps ?r\gh ! hea!r1 s5d+ up its fruit-be>+ spikes4 ,!re 7 also _m k9ds ( f]ns4 ,9 ! =e/s & swamps !re 7 l&-snails & insects1 b no frogs or liz>ds1 /ill less any birds or o!r w>m-blood$ creatures4 ,! fi%es are ! highe/ types t !n exi/$2 !y 7 ! 8lords ( creation0 9 t day4 ,illu/ration3 8,w+$ fi%0 7,pt]i*?ys74 ,a ,,peat-,,moss4 ,e>l ,e9> x 01 z ! /ory goes1 :o fir/ taught ! ,orkneyman to make ! turf into peats--,torf ,e9>1 z he 0 call$ 9 memory ( ?is fact4 ,if ! /ory is true1 he did a great "w = ! isl&s1--n q treeless 9 8 day1 p]haps1 b yet 9 a bad way = fuel 9 ! long w9t] ev5+s1--& he des]ves a monum5t almo/ z spl5did z t ( ,e>l ,magnus4 ,! wood fires w5t out long ago1 & ! peat fires w1 no d\bt1 foll[ 9 due "t4 ,true1 ! peat-mosses are n yet exhau/$1 b ye> by ye> !y rec$e1 & ! road to 8! hill0 gr[s long]4 ,!re is less "t to sp>e n[ = peat-cutt+ ?an !re us$ to be1 = our mod]n me?ods ( f>m+ require m con/ant lab\r4 ,b ?r\gh our trade ) o!r l&s money is circulat+ m freely1 & coal c be b\ght to take ! place ( peat4 ,! *ange means m money & less "t1 & t is j ! great diff]5ce betwe5 ?is c5tury & ^? :i* h gone by4 ,b ! peat-moss is n yet des]t$1 & 9 ! e>ly summ] x is /ill a busy sc5e 9 _m places4 ,h>ve/ has ev] be5 a "t ( joy1 & peat-cutt+ is ! h>ve/ ( ! moss4 ,! flay+-spade & ! tusk> are n m]e toys1 nor is 8tak+ out0 ! newly-cut peats a holiday task2 b !re are few sc5es :]e m *e]fulness & :olesome mir? c be se5 ?an at _m an ,orkney peat-cutt+4 ,let u approa* "o ( ^! famili> 8peat-banks10 n necess>ily to %>e 9 ! fun1 & c]ta9ly n to take "p 9 ! lab\r1 b to f9d out :at we c ab\t ! sub/ance :i* we call peat4 ,"h is a bank :]e ! moss is deep en\gh to give ?ree l5g?s ( peat1 "o above ! o!r1 besides ! surface lay]1 :i* is cut (f & ?r[n d[n on ! old peat gr\nd4 ,?is top lay]1 we see1 is1 l ord9>y turf1 full ( ! roots ( gr[+ plants--hea!r1 ru%es1 s$ges1 & grasses ( v>i\s k9ds4 ,fill+ up ! spaces betwe5 !m is a tangl$ mass ( spongy mosses4 ,^! mosses are ! mo/ important plants ( all 9 ! =mation ( peat4 ,! mo/ common ( ! bog-mosses is ! ,sphagnum1 a small bran*+ plant ) ?91 scaly leaves4 ,:]e !re is pl5ty ( light x is ( a vivid gre51 & ! tops ( ! sprays look l t9y em]ald />s4 ,l[]1 :]e less light comes1 ! plant looks yell[ & sickly1 :ile /ill l[] x is black & decay+4 ,! black sub/ance :i* we call peat is really a mass ( decay$ sphagnum moss4 ,! upp] "p ( our peat-bank1 j bel[ ! turf :i* has be5 cut away1 is m loose & fibr\s ?an ! "u "p4 ,! roots ( ! l>g] plants may /ill be se5 9 x4 ,! second & especially ! ?ird peat are mu* clos] 9 texture & ( a deep] black col\r4 ,! vegetable matt] is m completely decay$1 & if we 7 to compress x suffici5tly x w\ld look v l coal4 ,at "o "p ( ! face ( ! bank we notice a lay] ( a diff]5t k9d4 ,we f9d ! roots & p>ts ( ! /ems & bran*es ( small trees emb$d$ 9 ! moss4 ,!re has be5 a wood "h at "o "t--h[ long ago1 we _c tell4 ,t lay] ( moss :i* n[ lies above ! rema9s ( ! trees may h tak5 c5turies to =m4 ,9 _m places we f9d m ?an "o su* lay] ( wood1 sep>at$ z well z cov]$ by ?ick lay]s ( moss4 ,"s ( ! trees h be5 ( consid]able size1 too2 ! trunk ( "o f\nd 9 ! p>i% ( ,/5ness measur$ ab\t five feet 9 circumf]5ce1 :ile ! moss ne> x 0 ?ickly /udd$ ) ! nuts :i* _h fall5 f x ye> aft] ye>4 ,! trees ^: rema9s h be5 f\nd 9 our mosses include ! popl>1 p9e1 m\nta9 a%1 bir*1 hazel1 ald]1 & will[4 ,"o v int]e/+ fact is t ! silv] fir is also f\nd1 a tree :i* does n n[ gr[ 9 ,scotl&1 & is n f\nd 9 ,scotti% peat-mosses1 b :i* is common 9 ,norway4 ,:at curi\s tales ^? peat-mosses tell ( ! *anges ( climate :i* h pass$ ov] our isl&s6 ,at ! pres5t day x is only 9 our deepe/ gl5s1 z 9 ,hoy1 t we c f9d ev5 small trees & bu%es gr[+ wild4 ,yet at "o "t our isl&s mu/ h be5 well wood$1 ?\gh x is only 9 ! mosses t ! rema9s h be5 pres]v$ = u to see4 ,! sphagnum1 aga91 has ano!r /ory to tell4 ,x requires abundant moi/ure = its gr[?1 & at pres5t x c f9d ?is only 9 flat & boggy gr\nd4 ,x is !re=e only 9 su* places t peat is n[ be+ =m$4 ,yet we f9d peat on mo/ ( our hillsides & ev5 hilltops4 ,?is tells ( a "t :5 our climate 0 mu* wett] ?an x n[ is1 & :5 sphagnum fl\ri%$ ev]y:]e4 ,"o m /ory ( a diff]5t k9d c be read f ! peat-moss4 ,"h & !re1 z at ,de]s\nd & ,widewall ,bay1 :5 ! tide is out1 we may f9d peat-moss1 & ! rema9s ( l>ge trees among x1 f> d[n on ! bea*1 _m feet bel[ ! level ( high wat]1 & mo/ ( x cov]$ to a consid]able dep? ) ! s& & gravel :i* =m ! upp] bea* & ! l& ne> x4 ,?is tells cle>ly ( a gradual s9k+ ( ! l& 9 ! neighb\rhood4 ,:5 t moss 0 be+ =m$1 & :5 ^? trees 7 gr[+1 ! %all[ bay mu/ h be5 dry l&4 ,! plants & fl[]s :i* gr[ on our mosses are wor? m ?an a pass+ glance4 ,let u look at "s ( !m4 ,! sphagnum we h already m5tion$2 x belongs to ! class ( fl[]less plants4 ,! o!rs we %all m5tion are fl[]+ plants4 ,be/ kn[n ( all1 p]haps1 is :at we call hea!r4 ,?is "n is us$ = at lea/ f\r diff]5t plants 9 ,orkney4 ,two ( ^! be> t common b beautiful fl[] ! hea!r-bell4 ,"o be>s bells ( a pale1 rose-col\r$1 waxy appe>ance2 ! o!r1 :i* is m common1 has bells ( a d>k] & (t5 purpli% r$4 ,! =m] is ! cross-leav$ hea?1 ) its little gre5 leaves arrang$ 9 :orls ( f\r2 ! latt] has its leaves 9 :orls ( ?ree1 & is kn[n z ! f9e-leav$ hea?4 ,! mo/ common k9d ( hea!r is ! l+1 :i* fl[]s some:at lat] ?an ! hea?s4 ,x is ?is plant ^: spikes ( t9y rose-col\r$ fl[]s make our hillsides a purple glory 9 ! e>ly autumn1 & ^: leaves & /ems give !m _! famili> br[n t9t dur+ ! re/ ( ! ye>4 ,a :ite v>iety is also f\nd1 ! 8:ite hea!r0 :i* is suppos$ to br+ good luck to ! f9d]4 ,ano!r k9d ( hea!r is t :i* be>s ! small black b]ries s well kn[n to e "y ,orcadian4 ,?is plant is n a hea? at all2 x is really ! black cr[b]ry4 ,! b]ry is prec$$ by a t9y purpli% fl[]1 :i* probably few ( ! b]ry-ga!r]s h ev] se54 ,! 8ra%es0 or ru%es are a common feature ( our moors4 ,two k9ds may be notic$1 "o ) its fl[]-tuft m closely pack$ toge!r ?an ! o!r4 ,^! ru%es 7 ( "s use 9 =m] days4 ,! :ite pi? 0 extract$ & dri$ = w9t] use z wicks 9 ! old oil-burn+ 8crusies10 be=e ! introduction ( p>aff94 ,!re are _m small] plants ( a simil> type1 "o ( :i*1 ! bog asphodel1 ought to be well kn[n2 its pretty1 yell[1 />-l fl[]s1 gr\p$ on a /alk "s eight in*es high1 (t5 make pat*es ( our moorl&s gl[ ) ! %imm] ( gold4 ,! cotton-grass is probably m famili>4 ,!re are two k9ds f\nd 9 ,orkney1 "o be>+ a s+le tuft ( :ite d[n on ea* /em :5 se$+1 ! o!r a gr\p or clu/] ( tufts4 ,?is plant is n a grass1 & has no connection ) ! cotton plant2 b ! "n is a good "o = all t1 & no "o c mi/ake ! plant to :i* x applies4 ,illu/ration3 ,plants ( ! peat-moss4 #a4 ,common l+ 7,calluna vulg>is74 #b4 ,cross-leav$ hea? 7,erica tetralix74 #c4 ,black cr[b]ry 7,empetrum nigrum74 #d4 ,cotton grass 7,eriophorum poly/a*ion74 #e4 ,grass ( ,p>nassus 7,p>nassia palu/ris74 #f4 ,bog asphodel 7,n>!cium ossifragum74 ,"o ( our mo/ beautiful moorl& plants is t :i* be>s ! attractive "n1 8grass ( ,p>nassus40 ,?is also is n a grass1 & does n 9 ! lea/ resemble "o4 ,x is well wor? look+ = & look+ at :5 f\nd4 ,f a gr\p ( d>k-gre51 glossy1 he>t-%ap$ leaves rises a sl5d] /em f\r or five in*es high1 ) "o leaf gr[+ on x midway up its height4 ,?is /em be>s a s+le cup-%ap$ fl[] z l>ge z a common butt]cup1 ) five :ite petals m>k$ ) d>k] ve9s4 ,! c5tral p>ts ( ! fl[] are yell[i%-gre54 ,r\nd ! /igma /& ! five /am5s1 & betwe5 ^! & opposite ! petals are five curi\sly %ap$ nect>ies or honey vessels4 ,!y are fr+$ ) a r[ ( :ite hairs1 ea* end+ 9 a yell[ knob1 & look l a t9y gold5 cr[n plac$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! fl[]-cup4 ,! "n ( ! fl[] is said to be tak5 f ,m\nt ,p>nassus 9 ,greece1 ! home ( ! ,muses4 ,c]ta9ly ! fl[] itself is da9ty en\gh to be a fav\rite ) ! poets4 ,illu/ration3 ,butt]wort4 ,"s plants h develop$ ! curi\s habit ( eat+1 or1 at any rate1 dige/+ & absorb+ ! juices ( insects4 ,two ( ^? insectivor\s plants may be f\nd 9 our peat-moss4 ,9 c]ta9 places we may notice t ! ?ick c>pet ( moss is dott$ ) little rosettes ( bright yell[i% gre51 :i* look l vegetable />-fi%es scatt]$ ov] a bea* ( moss4 ,t is "o ( our 8plants ( prey40 ,x is call$ ! butt]wort4 ,f ! c5tre ( ! rosette rises a sl5d] /alk ( two or ?ree in*es1 be>+ a small dusky purple fl[] some:at l a dog-violet4 ,! gre5 leaves :i* =m ! rosette are /iff1 & lie close to ! gr\nd1 z if to keep a cle> space among ! o!r plants4 ,!y curl up at ! edges1 & look z if !y did n want to m+le ) _! k9dr$ r\nd ab\t2 & inde$ !y d n1 = !y h o!r game 9 view4 ,attract$ by ?is bright gre5 />1 a small insect comes 9 se>*1 p]haps1 ( honey4 ,he f9ds ! leaf cov]$ ) a /icky fluid1 & 8 t\* causes m ( ! fluid to come out ( little pores 9 ! leaf4 ,! insect is held fa/1 & ! gum clogs up ! pores ( 8 body s t he _c brea!4 ,he soon dies4 ,!n ! plant p\rs out an acid liquid1 :i* dissolves all ! s(t p>ts ( ! captur$ insect1 & leaves only ! skeleton4 ,at ! same "t ?is dissolv$ or dige/$ food is suck$ 9 by ! pores ( ! leaf4 ,! acid juice ( ! butt]wort is s l ! juice ( ! animal /oma*1 t 9 ,lapl& ! p us$ to p\r w>m milk ov] butt]wort leaves1 & ?us *ang$ x into a curd1 j z we d by add+ to ! milk "s r5net1 made f ! /oma* ( a calf4 ,illu/ration3 ,sundew4 ,on ?is same pat* ( moor we may f9d ano!r fle%-eat+ plant4 ,?is is small] ?an ! la/1 & less easily f\nd4 ,x has a sl5d] fl[]-/alk ) a spike ( small :iti% fl[]s ris+ f ! c5tre ( a curi\s gr\p ( leaves4 ,! leaves lie flat on ! gr\nd2 !y are small & r\nd1 no l>g] ?an split peas1 & cov]$ ) bright r$ hairs t look l t9y r$ p9s /uck 9 a t9y gre5 p9 cu%ion4 ,ea* ( ^! hairs c>ries at its tip a bead ( cle> fluid1 :i* glitt]s 9 ! sun2 h5ce ! plant is call$ ! sundew4 ,let any ?ir/y insect come to dr9k ?is dew1 & a /range ?+ happ5s4 ,he f9ds 8 feet held fa/ by ! /icky dewdrops1 & ! m he /ruggles ! m ( ^! does he rub aga9/4 ,he is held fa/ until he is suffocat$1 & !n he is dige/$ & absorb$ by ! leaf4 ,:5 ! fly alights on ! plant1 ! hairs beg9 to b5d 9 t[>ds ! c5tre ( ! leaf4 ,ev5 ^? hairs :i* h n be5 t\*$ b5d ov] until all ( !m are help+ to hold fa/ ! prey & dissolve x ) _! liquid4 ,if ! insect alights ne> ! edge ( ! leaf1 he is ?us c>ri$ t[>ds ! c5tre & held fa/1 :ile ! leaf itself b5ds s z to =m a cup = ! acid t p\rs f ! hairs4 ,if two insects alight on ! same leaf1 ! hairs =m into two gr\ps1 ^? ne> ea* animal curv+ t[>ds him1 s t ! leaf acts z if x _h two h&s4 ,9 ?is way all ! insects t come are att5d$ to4 ,!re are _m o!r curi\s plants to be f\nd 9 ! peat-moss1 b ^? we h m5tion$ w suffice to %[ h[ mu* ( int]e/ !re is 9 our bleak mosses & moors4 ,,"s ,,common ,,we$s4 ,:at is a we$8 ,we may be/ describe x1 p]haps1 z a plant gr[+ 9 ! wrong place4 ,a we$ is n necess>ily ugly1 or h>mful1 or ev5 useless4 ,_m common we$s are v beautiful1 & "s ( !m are v useful2 b if !y are gr[+ :]e we wi% some?+ else to gr[1 we call !m 8we$s10 & root !m out1 or try to d s4 ,grass 9 our hayfields & mead[s is a valuable plant2 grass 9 our fl[]-bord]s or turnip-fields is a we$4 ,s :5 we speak ( we$s1 we d n mean any special class ( plants1 b only ^? :i* =ce !mselves ^u our notice by spr++ up :]e we wi% some?+ else to gr[4 ,_m ( our common we$s are v int]e/+ plants to ! botani/4 ,!y h to fight = _! lives2 & ! way 9 :i* !y scatt] _! se$s1 & ! p[] ( ^? se$s to lie dormant = ye>s wait+ a *ance to gr[1 are well wor? /udy4 ,x is a w> betwe5 ! f>m] & wild nature1 & :5 we look ov] our fields & pa/ures 9 spr+ & summ] we see cle>ly en\gh t ! f>m] is n always ! victor4 ,9 _m a cornfield ! oat crop seems to be m]ely incid5tal1 :ile ! h>di] *ildr5 ( nature fl\ri% 9 spite ( its intrusion4 ,?is is n z x ought to be4 ,ev5 if !y are o!rwise h>mless1 ! we$s use up a l>ge "p ( ! plant food 9 ! soil1 & !y rob ! "y oats ( ! necess>y light & air4 ,9 ?is way we$s prove an exp5sive crop to ! f>m]4 ,x pays him to /udy _! life-hi/ory s z to le>n h[ !y may be eradicat$1 & to sp5d "s lab\r 9 ! task ( do+ s4 ,a common pe/ 9 ! ,orkney cornfields is ! 8run*o0 or 8run*ic10 kn[n else:]e by ! "n ( *>lock or wild mu/>d4 ,its pale-yell[ fl[]s ov]top ! gr[+ oats1 & _! unwelcome gleam makes "s fields conspicu\s = miles ar\nd4 ,! =m ( ! fl[] %[s t ! *>lock belongs to ! same family z ! turnip & ! cabbage & ! fragrant wallfl[] ( our g>d5s4 ,! fl[] has f\r petals1 & ! cross-l arrangem5t ( its six /am5s1 f\r long & two %ort1 has giv5 !m _! "n ( ,crucif]1 or cross-be>]s4 ,! se$-vessels1 l ^? ( ! turnip1 are 9 ! =m ( a long1 n>r[ pod ) a p>tition runn+ d[n ! middle4 ,! se$s are small & h>d1 & !y gr[ only 9 a fre%ly-/irr$ soil ) pl5ty ( light & air4 ,:5 a field is laid d[n 9 grass !y make no sign ( life1 b :5 x is pl\gh$ = ! next crop ( oats !y spr+ up once m1 & make x z gay z a fl[]-b$4 ,two k9ds ( ?is plant are f\nd--! "o1 *>lock1 ( a light yell[ col\r1 common 9 peaty & clayey gr\nd2 & ! o!r1 wild mu/>d1 ( a deep] yell[1 f\nd 9 s&y soil4 ,illu/ration3 ,"s common we$s4 #a4 ,false oat grass4 #b4 ,*ickwe$4 #c4 ,ragwort4 #d4 ,prunella4 #e4 ,wild mu/>d 7,brassica ,s9apis74 #f4 ,*>lock 7,raphanus ,raphani/rum74 #g4 ,corn spurrey4 #h4 ,%eep's sorrel4 #i4 ,common sorrel4 ,ano!r %[y we$ is ! yell[ corn-m>igold4 ,?is h&some fl[] seems m da9ty 9 its *oice ( soil1 & 9 "s di/ricts x is n common4 ,a glance at ! op5 fl[] %[s its k9%ip to ! 8wee1 mode/1 crimson-tipp$0 daisy4 ,! s-call$ fl[] is n "o1 b a ho/ ( t9y fl[]s or florets gr[+ ^u a broad gre5 disc call$ ! receptacle4 ,?is comp\nd or composite type ( fl[] is f\nd 9 a l>ge numb] ( common plants1 nam$ on ?is acc\nt ,composit4 ,_m ( !m are f\nd 9 ,orkney1 & !y are a v int]e/+ z well z a num]\s family4 ,"o ( ! be/ kn[n is ! d&elion1 a m beautiful fl[] ?an _m :i* we gr[ 9 our g>d5s1 & only its abundance prev5ts our admir+ x4 ,if we exam9e ! florets ( ! d&elion1 we see t ea* ( !m has a corolla =m+ a long yell[ ribbon on ! side f>!/ f ! c5tre ( ! fl[]4 ,9 ! corn-m>igold only ! out] florets h ?is ribbon1 :i* =ms a halo ( rays r\nd ! c5tral portion4 ,9 ! daisy ^! rays are :ite1 ) ! tips p9k1 especially und]nea?4 ,a well-kn[n feature ( ! d&elion is ! :ite d[n :i* x produces :5 9 se$--a wond]fully beautiful arrangem5t = spread+ its se$s f> & wide to f9d room to gr[4 ,?is is a common me?od ( broadca/ s[+ among ! ,composit family4 ,! ?i/les1 :i* =m a well-kn[n section ( t family1 dep5d l>gely on _! float+ se$s 9 _! /ruggle aga9/ ! f>m]4 ,"s f>m]s seem to =get ?is fact1 =1 cr[d$ 9 "s corn] ( an old pa/ure1 or 9 s]ri$ ranks by roadside & dit*side1 we may see ^? arm$ foes all[$ to blossom & s5d =? ?\s&s ( w+$ se$s to ov]run ! neighb\r+ fields1 & ev5 ! neighb\r+ f>ms4 ,a few h\rs' "w ) a scy! w\ld prev5t ! mis*ief4 ,!re might well be laws to prev5t ! c>eless spread+ ( we$s z !re are to prev5t ! spread+ ( infecti\s disease among animals4 ,"o ( ! ,composit family is a common we$ 9 ,orkney pa/ure fields--! 8tirsac0 or ragwort4 ,?is is a co>se1 vigor\s plant1 ) a t\gh /alk ab\t two feet 9 height1 cr[n$ ) a spread+ tuft ( yell[ daisy-%ap$ fl[]s4 ,9 fields :]e ?is we$ is all[$ to gr[ & multiply1 x soon comes to occupy a l>ge proportion ( ! :ole area1 & ?is means a consid]able loss 9 ! graz+ value ( ! pa/ure4 ,! l>ge family ( ! grasses includes "s ( ! plants mo/ useful to ! f>m]4 ,all ! gra9 crops1 su* z :eat1 b>ley1 & oats1 are cultivat$ grasses1 z are also ! plants :i* are us$ = pa/ure & = hay4 ,!re are "s wild grasses1 h[ev]1 :i* are v p]si/5t & tr\blesome we$s4 ,"s ( ^!1 l c\* grass1 spread m by creep+ und]gr\nd /ems ?an by se$s4 ,a common grass 9 ,orkney is t kn[n z 8sw9e-beads10 f ! knott$ =m ( its und]gr\nd /ems4 ,its common "n is false oat grass4 ,x resembles small black oats1 b is mu* tall]4 ,c>tloads ( its bead$ /ems may be ga!r$ f "s fields :5 be+ prep>$ = turnips1 & by s do+ mu* tr\ble may be sav$4 ,:5 a field is laid d[n 9 turnips or potatoes1 ! we$s h a h>d /ruggle = life4 ,^? ( sl[ gr[? are *eck$ by ! pl\gh+ & grubb+ & h>r[+1 & lat] by ! hoe & ! scuffl]4 ,yet !re are a few :i* 9 a moi/ season spr+ up quickly & soon cov] ! drills4 ,! common spurrey1 ) its n>r[1 /icky leaves gr[+ 9 :orls1 & its t9y :ite fl[]s :i* op5 only 9 ! sun1 is p]haps ! be/ kn[n4 ,! *ickwe$ is ano!r common we$ 9 su* fields4 ,^!1 h[ev]1 if kept d[n at fir/ by ! hoe1 are ( too feeble gr[? to injure ! crop among :i* !y /rive to f9d a liv+4 ,%eep's sorrel & common sorrel1 bo? commonly kn[n z 8sooricks10 7 m h>mful half a c5tury ago ?an !y are at pres5t4 ,cultivation & ! rotation ( crops h r$uc$ _! quantity1 b _! enorm\s p[] ( spread+ c be witness$ 9 a poor1 ?91 or peaty soil1 :]e ! crops1 especially grass1 are meagre4 ,!re !y spread1 & sometimes ) su* vig\r t !y pu% e o!r plant aside4 ,bo? k9ds ( sorrel are common4 ,! "o ) arr[-%ap$ leaves is call$ common sorrel2 t ) spe>-%ap$ leaves1 %eep's sorrel4 ,_! leaves1 :i* h a v acid ta/e1 (t5 turn r$di%4 ,ano!r common & pretty little fl[] is prunella or self-heal4 ,:orls ( gre5 bracts & violet fl[]s =m a d5se1 %ort spike4 ,x gr[s f f\r to six in*es high1 & is to be met ) on dry soils1 & al?\gh fairly common 9 oats1 fl\ri%es be/ 9 second ye>'s grass4 ,x is "o ( ! l>ge ord] ( ,labiates1 a gr\p :i* includes ! dead-nettle & ! hemp-nettle1 & :5 abundant x is a cle> indication ( ! exhau/ion ( "s +r$i5ts ( ! soil--(t5 lime4 ,:5 fields are br\ght to a high /ate ( cultivation1 or are ne> en\gh ! sea%ore to get an abundant supply ( s&1 x almo/ disappe>s2 b :5 !y are impov]i%$1 x soon returns4 ,^! are only a few ( ! we$s :i* e f>m] kn[s well4 ,!y are wor? /udy1 = x is only :5 we "k h[ !y gr[ & spread t we are able to prev5t _! increase4 ,! cultivation & manur+ ( ! soil & ! s[+ ( se$s are only "o side ( ! f>m]'s "w2 he has to remove ! wild gr[? z well z to promote ! gr[? ( :at he s[s4 ,o!rwise 8 fields w be> two crops at a "t1 "o ( nature's s[+ & "o ( 8 own1 & ( ^! two ! natural crop is likely to be ! m fl\ri%+4 ,illu/ration ,,home ,,life ,,on ,,! ,,rocks4 ,guillemots4 ,no?+ is m int]e/+ ?an to look d[n f ! summit ( "s precipice on to a l$ge at no great di/ance bel[1 :i* is q cr[d$ ) guillemots4 ,r\ghly speak+1 ! birds =m two long r[s1 b ^! r[s are v irregul> 9 dep? & =mation1 & swell "h & !re into little knots & clu/]s1 besides (t5 m]g+ into or becom+ mix$ ) ea* o!r1 s t ! idea ( symmetry convey$ is ( a v modifi$ k9d1 & may be sometimes brok5 d[n altoge!r4 ,9 ! fir/ r[ a c]ta9 numb] ( ! birds sit close aga9/ & directly front+ ! wall ( ! precipice1 into ! angle ( :i* ) ! l$ge !y (t5 squeeze !mselves4 ,sev]al w be closely press$ toge!r1 s t ! head ( "o is (t5 re/+ aga9/ ! neck or %\ld] ( ano!r1 :i* o!r w also be mak+ a pill[ ( a ?ird1 & s on4 ,o!rs /& "h & !re beh9d ! seat$ ones1 ea* be+1 z a rule1 close to 8 or h] p>tn]4 ,!re is ano!r irregul> r[ ab\t ! c5tre ( ! l$ge1 & equally "h x is to be rem>k$ t ! sitt+ birds h _! beaks po9t$ t[>ds ! cliff1 :il/ ! /&+ ones are turn$ indiff]5tly4 ,!re are g5]ally sev]al birds on ! edge ( ! p>apet1 & at int]vals "o w come press+ to x ?r\gh ! cr[d 9 ord] to fly d[n to ! sea1 :il/ f "t to "t o!rs also fly up & alight on x1 (t5 ) s&-eels 9 _! beaks4 ,on a l$ge ( p]haps a doz5 paces 9 l5g? !re may be f sixty to eighty guillemots1 & z (t5 z !y are c\nt$ ! numb] w be f\nd to be approximately ! same4 ,illu/ration3 ,guillemot4 ,mo/ ( ! sitt+ birds are ei!r incubat+ or h "y ones "u !m1 :i*1 z long z !y are little1 !y seem to treat v mu* z ?\gh !y 7 eggs4 ,mu* affection is %[n betwe5 ! pair$ birds4 ,"o t is sitt+ ei!r on h] egg or h] "y "o--= no diff]5ce 9 ! attitude c be obs]v$--w (t5 be v mu* cosset$ by ! p>tn] :o /&s close beh9d or beside h]4 ,) ! tip ( 8 long1 po9t$ beak he1 z x 71 nibbles ! fea!rs 7or1 p]haps1 scrat*es & tickles ! sk9 betwe5 !m7 ( h] head1 neck1 & ?roat2 :il/ %e1 ) h] eyes half clos$1 & an expression z ( submitt+ to an enjoym5t--a 8,well1 ,i suppose ,i mu/0 look--b5ds h] head backw>ds1 or screws x r\nd sideways t[>ds him1 occasionally nibbl+ ) h] bill also amid/ ! fea!rs ( 8 ?roat1 or ! ?ick :ite plumage ( 8 brea/4 ,pres5tly %e /&s up1 reveal+ ! small1 hairy-look+ *ick1 ^: head has f "t to "t be5 visible j peep+ out f "u its "m's w+4 ,^u ?is ! o!r bird b5ds its head d[n & cossets 9 ! same way--b v g5tly1 & ) ! extreme tip ( ! bill--! little t5d] "y "o4 ,! "m does s too1 & !n bo? birds1 /&+ side by side ov] ! *ick1 pay x divid$ att5tions1 seem+ z ?\gh !y c\ld n make en\gh ei!r ( _! *ild or ( ea* o!r4 ,x is a pretty picture1 & "h is ano!r "o4 ,a bird--we w ?9k h] ! female1 z %e p]=ms ! mo/ "m-l "p--has j fl[n 9 ) a fi%--a s&-eel--9 h] bill4 ,%e makes h] way ) x to ! p>tn]1 :o rises & %ifts ! *ick t he has be5 brood+ ov] f himself to h]4 ,?is is done q invisibly1 z f> z ! *ick is conc]n$1 b y c see t x is be+ done4 ,! bird ) ! fi%1 to :om ! *ick has be5 %ift$1 n[ takes x 9 h&4 ,/oop+ =w>d h] body1 & droop+ d[n h] w+s1 s z to make a k9d ( little t5t or awn+ ( !m1 %e s9ks h] bill ) ! fi% 9 x t[>ds ! rock & !n raises x aga91 & does ?is sev]al times be=e ei!r lett+ ! fi% drop or plac+ x 9 ! *ick's bill--= :i* x is ,i _c q see4 ,x is only n[ t ! *ick becomes visible1 its back turn$ to ! bird /&+ ov] x1 & its bill & ?roat mov+ z ?\gh swall[+ some?+ d[n4 ,!n ! bird t has f$ x %ifts x aga9 to ! o!r1 :o receives x ) equal c>e1 & b5d+ d[n ov] x1 appe>s--= x is n[ invisible--to help or assi/ x 9 "s way4 ,x w\ld be no wond] if ! *ick _h want$ assi/ance1 = ! fi% 0 a v big "o = s small a ?+1 & x w\ld seem z if he swall[$ x bodily4 ,aft] ?is ! *ick is aga9 treat$ z an egg by ! bird t has be=e _h *>ge ( him--t is to say1 he is sat ^u1 app>5tly1 j z ?\gh he 7 to be incubat$4 ,on acc\nt ( ! clos5ess ) :i* ! *ick is gu>d$ by ! p>5t birds1 & ! way 9 :i* !y bo? /& ov] x1 x is difficult to make out exactly h[ x is f$2 b ,i ?9k ! fi% is ei!r dropp$ at once on ! rock1 or dangl$ a little = x to seize hold (4 ,x is 9 ! br++ up & look+ aft] ( ! *ick t "o beg9s to see ! mean+ ( ! sitt+ guillemots be+ always turn$ t[>ds ! cliff1 = f ! mom5t t ! egg is hat*$ "o or o!r ( ! p>5t birds int]poses betwe5 ! *ick & ! edge ( ! p>apet4 ,( c\rse ,i _c say t ! rule is univ]sal1 b ,i nev] saw a guillemot incubat+ ) its face turn$ t[>ds ! sea1 nor did ,i ev] see a *ick on ! seaw>d side ( ! p>5t bird :o 0 ) x4 ,i obs]v$ t ! *ick--ev5 :51 z ,i judg$ by its t99ess1 x _h only be5 q rec5tly hat*$--0 z al]t & z well able to move ab\t z a "y *ick5 or p>tridge2 b :il/ possess+ all ! p[]1 x appe>$ to h little w to d s4 ,its le?>gy--z %[n by ! way 9 :i*1 ev5 :5 a good deal old]1 x w\ld sit = h\rs )\t mov+ f "u ! "m--/ruck me z excessive2 & x w\ld c]ta9ly seem t on a b>e1 n>r[ l$ge1 to fall f :i* w\ld be c]ta9 dea?1 *icks ( a le?>gic disposition w\ld h an advantage ov] o!rs :o 7 fond] ( runn+ ab\t4 ,! "y guillemot is f$ ) fi% :i* are br\ght f ! sea 9 ! p>5t's bill1 & n--z 9 ! case ( gulls--disgorg$ = !m aft] hav+ be5 fir/ swall[$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a curi\s fact t ! fi% :5 ?us br\ght 9 are1 sometimes at any rate1 headless4 ,! reason ( ?is ,i d n "k1 b ) ! aid ( glasses ,i h made q c]ta9 ( x1 & ea* "t x appe>$ z ?\gh ! head _h be5 cleanly cut (f4 ,moreov]1 on alight+ on ! l$ge ! bird always has ! fi% 7a s&-eel1 :5ev] ,i saw x7 held l5g?ways 9 ! beak1 ) ! tail droop+ out to "o side ( x1 & ! head "p m or less )9 ! ?roat--a position :i* seems to sugge/ t x may h be5 swall[$ or p>tially swall[$--:]eas puff9s & razor-bills c>ry ! fi% !y cat* crosswise1 ) head & tail dep5d+ on ei!r side4 ,illu/ration ,i h once or twice ?\ght t ,i saw a bird :i* j be=e _h no fi% 9 its bill all at once c>ry+ "o4 ,b ,i may well h be5 mi/ak52 & x does n seem at all likely t ! birds %\ld usually c>ry _! fi%1 & ?us subject !mselves to p]secution1 if !y c\ld disgorge x )\t inconv5i5ce4 ,) reg>d to ! occasional abs5ce ( ! head1 p]haps ?is is sometimes cut (f 9 cat*+ ! fi%4 ,seals4 ,q ne> to :]e ,i wat* ! guillemots !re is a little iron-b\nd creek or cove1 wall$ by precipice1 gu>d$ by mighty 8/acks10 & divid$ = "s way into two by a long rocky p59sula runn+ out f ! %ore4 ,on ! rocks 9 "o ( ^! alcoves 7 ly+ eight seals1 :i* 7 aft]w>ds jo9$ by ano!r1 mak+ n9e1 :il/ 9 ! adjo9+ "o 7 f\r--also1 z x happ5$1 jo9$ by ano!r1 z ,i wat*$--mak+ f\rte5 9 all3 su* a sight z ,i _h nev] se5 be=e4 ,illu/ration3 ,common seal4 ,i wat*$ ^! seals ( m9e on ?is1 my fir/ meet+ ) !m1 = a consid]able "t f ! top ( ! cliffs--! glasses giv+ me a spl5did view--& soon knew m ab\t !m ?an ,i _h done be=e1 & got rid ( "s popul> errors4 ,= in/ance1 ,i _h always imag9$ t seals _h "o set attitude = ly+ on ! rocks--namely1 flat on _! bellies--a delusion :i* e picture ( !m 9 ?is connection _h help$ to fo/]4 ,imag9e my surprise & delight :5 x bur/ ^u me t only "s ?ree or f\r 7 9 ?is attitude1 & t ev5 ^! did n reta9 x = long4 ,no2 in/ead ( be+ 9 ?is /ate ( un9t]e/+ or?odoxy1 !y lay 9 ! mo/ delightful free-?9k+ poses1 on _! sides1 %[+ _! f9e1 portly1 column> bellies 9 v>y+ degrees & proportions2 :il/ "o utt] infidel 0 "r & full ^u 8 broad back1 yet look$ l ! c>v$ image ( "s old ,crusad] on ! lid ( 8 /one s>cophagus4 ,e n[ & !n !y w\ld give !mselves a hit*1 & br+ _! heads up1 %[+ _! f9e r\nd =eheads & l>ge mild eyes2 a v human--mildly human--& extremely intellig5t appe>ance !y _h1 look+ d[n ^u !m f above4 ,aga91 !y _h ! odde/ or odde/-appe>+ actions1 especially t ( press+ _! two h9d feet or flipp]s toge!r1 ) all _! five-webb$ toes spread out 9 a fan1 ) an en]gy & 9 a mann] :i* sugge/$ ! f]v5t clasp+ ( h&s4 ,!n !y w\ld scrat* !mselves ) _! =e feet lazily & s$ately1 rais+ _! heads ! :ile1 look+ extremely happy1 hav+ sometimes ev5 a beatific expression4 ,& !n aga9 !y w\ld curl !mselves a little & roll m ov]1 seem+ to expatiate & almo/ lose !mselves 9 l>ge1 luxuri\s ease--m v>iety & expression ab\t !m ly+ ?us doz+ ?an "o w see 9 _m animals awake & active4 ,ev5 9 ?is little "t ,i le>nt t !y 7 animals ( a f9ely t\*$ _s1 extremely playful1 ) a gr& s5se ( hum\r1 & fill$ 8f ! cr[n to ! toe1 top-full0 ( happ9ess4 ,?us "o t came swimm+ up ! little quiet bay1 9 que/ ( a rock to lie ^u1 seem$ to delight 9 pret5d+ to f9d fir/ "o & !n ano!r too /eep & difficult to get up on 7= obvi\sly !y 7 n71 & w\ld fl+ himself f (f !m 9 a sort ( little %am disappo9tm5t1 gamboll+ & roll+ ab\t1 twi/+ himself up ) seawe$1 & g5]ally hav+ a mo/ lively1 solit>y romp4 ,a piece ( blea*$ sp>1 "s f\r or five feet long1 happ5$--& ,i am glad t x happ5$--to be float+ 9 ! wat] at q ! o!r side ( ! creek &1 espy+ x1 ?is delightful animal swam ov] to x1 & began to play ) x z a kitt5 might ) a reel ( cotton or a ball ( wor/$4 ,m frolicsome1 kitt5-he>t$1 & )al intellig5t play ,i nev] saw4 ,he pass$ j und]nea? x1 &1 com+ up on ! opposite side1 roll$ ov] ^u x1 cuff$ x ) "o =e foot1 aga9 ) ! o!r1 flipp$ x !n ) 8 footy tail z he div$ away1 & return+1 9 a fre% bur/ ( romp9ess1 waltz$ r\nd & r\nd ) x1 embrac+ x1 "o might almo/ say4 ,at la/1 go+ (f1 he swam to a mu* /eep] rock ?an any he _h made-believe to f9d s difficult1 &1 scrambl+ up x ) unc\? ease1 w5t quietly to sleep 9 ! be/ possible hum\r4 ,:at intellig5ce all ?is %[s6 ,mu* m1 ,i ?9k1 ?an ! sport+ ( two animals toge!r4 ,?is seal 0 alone1 saw ! float+ sp> at a di/ance1 & swam to x ) ! evid5t int5tion ( amus+ himself 9 ?is mann]4 ,lat]1 ano!r seal play$ ) ?is same sp> 9 mu* ! same way2 yet bo? ( !m seem$ to be q full-gr[n animals4 ,!n ,i saw some?+ :i* look$ l a _s ( real hum\r1 z well z fun4 ,?ree seals 7 ly+ on a slab ( rock toge!r1 & "o ( !m1 rais+ himself half up1 began to scrat* ! "o next him ) 8 =e foot4 ,! scrat*$ seal--a lady1 ,i believe--took x 9 ! mo/ funny mann]1 a sort ( s]io-comic remon/rance1 %[n 9 action & expression3 8,n[ d leave (f1 really4 ,come n[1 d leave me alone0--& :5 ?is _h rea*$ a climax ! funny fell[ left (f & lay /ill aga92 b z soon z all 0 quiet1 he heav$ up & began to scrat* h] aga94 ,?is he did--& %e did ! o!r--?ree times1 at ! lea/1 & if n to h a little fun ) h] ,i c h>dly see :y4 ,%ags4 ,n[ ,i h f\nd a ne/ ) ! bird on x1 to see & wat*4 ,x 0 on a l$ge1 & j )9 ! m\? ( "o ( ^? long1 n>r[+1 ?roat-l cav]ns into & out ( :i* ! sea1 ) all sorts ( /range1 sull5 noises1 licks l a tongue4 ,! bird1 :o _h se5 me1 cont9u$ = a long "t aft]w>ds to crane ab\t its long neck f side to side or up & d[n ov] ! ne/1 9 do+ :i* x _h a v demoniac appe>ance1 sugge/+ "s evil be+ 9 its d>k abode4 ,illu/ration3 ,%ag4 ,z x 0 impossible = me to wat* x )\t my head be+ visible ov] ! edge ( ! rock ,i 0 on1 ,i collect$ a numb] ( loose flat /ones t lay on ! turf above1 &1 at ! co/ ( a good deal ( "t & lab\r1 made a k9d ( wall or sconce ) loopholes 9 x1 ?r\gh :i* ,i c\ld look & yet be invisible4 ,pres5tly ! bird's mate came fly+ into ! cav]n1 & :eel+ up z x ent]$1 alight$ on a slop+ slab ( ! rock j opposite to ! ne/4 ,= a little bo? birds utt]$ l[1 deep1 croak+ notes 9 weird unison ) ! surr\nd+s & ! sad sea-dirges1 aft] :i* !y 7 sil5t = a consid]able "t1 ! "o /&+ & ! o!r sitt+ on ! ne/ vis--vis to ea* o!r4 ,at l5g? ! =m]1 :i* ,i h no d\bt 0 ! male1 hopp$ across ! slight space divid+ !m on to ! ne/1 :i* 0 a huge mass ( seawe$4 ,!re 7 n[ "s m deep s\nds1 & !n1 b5d+ ov] ! female bird1 ! male c>ess$ h] by pass+ ! hook$ tip ( 8 bill ?r\gh ! fea!rs ( h] head & neck1 :i* %e held l[ d[n ! bett] to p]mit ( ?is4 ,! :ole sc5e 0 a /rik+ picture ( affection betwe5 ^? d>k1 wild birds 9 _! lonely wave-made home4 ,! male bird n[ flies out to sea aga91 & aft] a "t returns c>ry+ a long piece ( br[n seawe$ 9 8 bill4 ,?is he deliv]s to ! female1 :o takes x f him & deposits x on ! heap1 z %e sits4 ,mean:ile ! male flies (f aga91 & aga9 returns ) m seawe$1 :i* he deliv]s z be=e2 & ?is he does eight times 9 ! space ( "o h\r & =ty m9utes1 div+ ea* "t = ! seawe$ ) ! true cormorant leap4 ,sometimes ! sitt+ bird1 :5 %e takes ! seawe$ f h] mate1 m]ely lets x drop on ! heap1 b at o!rs %e places & manipulates x ) "s c>e4 ,all takes place 9 sil5ce = ! mo/ "p1 b on "s ( ! visits ! heads are ?r[n up1 & !re are s\nds--ho>se & deeply guttural--z ( gratulation betwe5 ! two4 ,! ne/ ( ! %ag is cont9ually add$ to by ! male1 n only :ile ! eggs are 9 process ( incubation1 b aft] !y are hat*$1 & :5 ! "y are be+ br\ght up4 ,9 a s5se1 !re=e1 x may be said to be nev] f9i%$1 ?\gh = all practical purposes x is s be=e ! female bird beg9s to sit4 ,t up to ?is p]iod ! female z well z ! male bird takes "p 9 ! build+ ( ! ne/ ,i _c b ?9k1 b f ! "t ( my arrival on ! isl& ,i nev] saw ! two ei!r div+ = or c>ry+ seawe$ toge!r4 ,once ,i saw a pair ( birds toge!r high up on ! cliffs1 :]e "s tufts ( grass grew 9 ! ni*es4 ,"o ( ^! birds only pull$ out "s ( ! grass1 & flew away ) x1 accompani$ by ! o!r4 ,x is n only seawe$ t is us$ by ^! birds 9 ! con/ruction ( ! ne/4 ,9 _m t ,i saw grass alone 0 visible1 ?\gh ,i h no d\bt seawe$ 0 und]nea? x2 & "o 9 p>ticul> _h q an ornam5tal appe>ance1 f be+ cov]$ all ov] ) "s l& plant hav+ a numb] ( small blue fl[]s2 & ?is ,i h obs]v$ 9 o!r ne/s1 ?\gh n to ! same ext5t4 ,i ?9k x 0 on ?is same ne/ t ,i notic$ ! pick$ & p>tially blea*$ skeleton--) ! head & w+s /ill fea!r$--( a puff94 ,x _h1 to be sure1 a sorry appe>ance to ! human--at lea/ to ! civiliz$ human--eye1 b if x _h n be5 br\ght !re = ! sake ( ornam5t1 ,i c ?9k ( no o!r reason2 & br\ght !re or at lea/ plac$ ^u ! ne/ by ! bird x mu/ almo/ c]ta9ly h be54 ,! brilliant beak & sali5tly-m>k$ head ( ! puff9 mu/ be "h rememb]$4 ,aga91 fair-siz$ pieces ( wood or sp>1 ca/ up by ! sea & :it5$ by x1 are (t5 to be se5 /uck among/ ! seawe$1 & on "o occasion ,i saw a bird fly ) "o ( ^! to its ne/ & place x ^u x4 ,9 all ?is1 z x seems to me1 ! beg9n+s ( a t5d5cy to ornam5t ! ne/ are cle>ly exhibit$4 ,bo? ! sexes %>e 9 ! duty & pleasure ( incubation1 & 7z 9 "s o!r species7 to see !m relieve ea* o!r on ! ne/ is to see "o ( ! prettie/ ?+s 9 bird life4 ,! bird t y h be5 wat*+ has sat pati5tly ! :ole morn+1 & once or twice1 z x rose 9 ! ne/ & %ift$ itself r\nd into ano!r position on ! eggs1 y h se5 ! gleam ( !m z !y lay !re 8z :ite z ocean foam 9 ! moon40 ,at la/1 :5 x is well on 9 ! aft]noon1 ! p>tn] bird flies up & /&s = "s m9utes pre5+ itself2 :ile ! "o on ! ne/1 :o is turn$ away1 ?r[s back ! head t[>ds x1 & op5s & %uts ! bill some:at widely1 z 9 greet+1 sev]al times4 ,! new-com] !n jumps & waddles to ! f>!r side ( ! ne/1 s z to front ! sitt+ bird1 & s9k+ d[n aga9/ x ) a mann] & action full bo? ( affection & a s5se ( duty1 ?is "o is half pu%$1 half p]suad$ to leave1 f9ally do+ s ) ! accu/om$ grotesque hop4 ,x has all be5 done ne>ly 9 sil5ce1 only a few l[1 guttural notes hav+ pass$ betwe5 ! birds :il/ !y 7 close toge!r4 ,j 9 ! same way ! birds relieve ea* o!r aft] ! eggs h be5 hat*$1 & :5 ! "y are be+ f$ & att5d$ to4 ,a %ag is sitt+ on h] ne/ ) ! "y ones1 :il/ ! male /&s on a high] l$ge ( ! rock a y>d or s away4 ,he n[ jumps d[n & /&s = a mom5t ) head some:at erect$ & beak slightly op54 ,!n he makes ! great pomp\s hop :i* ,i h describ$ be=e1 com+ d[n "r 9 front ( ! female1 :o raises h] head t[>ds him1 & op5s & closes ! m&ibles sev]al times 9 ! approv$ mann]4 ,! two birds !n nibble1 z x 71 ! fea!rs ( ea* o!r's necks ) ! ends ( _! bills1 & ! male takes up a little ( ! grass ( ! ne/1 seem+ to toy ) x4 ,he !n v s(tly & p]suad+ly pu%es himself aga9/ ! sitt+ bird1 seem+ to say1 8,x's my turn n[10 & ?us gets h] to rise1 :5 bo? /& toge!r on ! ne/ ov] ! little ones4 ,! male !n aga9 takes up a little ( ! grass ( ! ne/1 :i* he passes t[>ds ! female1 :o also takes x1 & !y toy ) x a little toge!r be=e all[+ x to drop4 ,! ins9uat+ process n[ cont9ues1 ! male 9 ! s(te/ & g5tle/ mann] pu%+ ! female away1 & !n s9k+ d[n into h] place1 :]e he n[ sits1 :il/ %e /&s beside him on ! l$ge4 ,z soon z ! reliev+ bird has settl$ itself amid/ ! "y1 & :il/ ! o!r "o is /ill !re--n yet hav+ fl[n (f to sea--x beg9s to fe$ !m4 ,_! heads--v small1 & ) beaks n seem+ to be mu* long] 9 proportion to _! size ?an ^? ( "y ducks--are se5 mov+ feebly ab\t1 po9t+ upw>ds1 b ) v little precision4 ,v g5tly1 & seem+ to seize ! "r opportunity1 ! p>5t bird takes fir/ "o head & !n ano!r 9 ! basal "p1 or gape1 ( 8 m&ibles1 turn+ 8 own head on "o side 9 ord] to d s1 s t ! re/ ( ! long bill projects sideways beyond ! *ick's head )\t t\*+ x4 ,9 ?is connection1 & :ile ! *ick's head is q visible1 little1 if any1 m ?an ! beak be+ )9 ! gape ( ! p>5t bird1 ! latt] b5ds ! head d[n & makes t p>ticul> action z ( /ra9+ s z to br+ some?+ up :i* "o is famili> ) 9 pigeons4 ,?is process is gone ?r\gh sev]al times be=e ! bird /&+ on ! l$ge flies away1 to return aga9 9 a qu>t] ( an h\r ) a piece ( seawe$1 :i* is laid on ! ne/4 ,z ! *icks become old] !y ?ru/ ! head & bill f>!r & f>!r d[n ! ?roat ( ! p>5t bird1 & at la/ to an a/oni%+ ext5t4 ,always1 h[ev]1 x appe>$ to me t ! p>5t bird br\ght up ! food into ! *icks' bills 9 "s /ate ( prep>ation1 & 0 n a m]e passive bag f :i* ! latt] pull$ fi% 9 a :ole /ate4 ,!re 7 sev]al ne/s all 9 unob/ruct$ view1 & s excell5t 7 my glasses t1 practically1 ,i saw ! :ole process z ?\gh x _h be5 tak+ place on a table 9 front ( me4 ,! *icks1 on )draw+ _! heads f ! p>5tal ?roat1 w\ld (t5 slightly op5 & close ! m&ibles z ?\gh /ill ta/+ some?+1 9 a mann] :i* "o may describe z smack+ ! bill2 b on no occasion did ,i obs]ve any?+ project+ f ! bill :5 ?is 0 )drawn1 z "o w\ld expect sometimes to be ! case if unmodifi$ fi% 7 pull$ up4 ,always1 too1 ! actions ( ! p>5t bird sugge/$ t p>ticul> process :i* is kn[n z regurgitation1 & :i* may be obs]v$ ) pigeons1 & also ) ! night-j>4 ,"y %ags are at fir/ nak$ & black1 also bl9d1 z ,i 0 able to detect ?r\gh ! glasses4 ,aft]w>ds ! body becomes cov]$ ) a dusky gray d[n1 & !n e day !y /ruggle m & m into ! lik5ess ( _! p>5ts4 ,!y soon beg9 to imitate ! gr[n-up po/ures1 & x is a pretty ?+ to see "m & "y "o sitt+ toge!r ) _! heads held /ately upright1 or ! little woolly *ick /&+ up 9 ! ne/ & hang+ out its ?9 little fea!rless w+s1 j z "m is do+1 or j z x has se5 h] d4 ,at o!r times ! *icks lie sprawl+ toge!r ei!r flat or on _! sides4 ,!y are good temp]$ & playful1 seize hold playfully ( ea* o!r's bills1 & w (t5 bite or play ) ! fea!rs ( _! p>5t's tail4 ,9 fact1 !y are a good deal l puppies1 & ! he>t goes out bo? to !m & to _! lov+1 c>eful1 assidu\s "m & fa!r4 ,:5 bo? birds are at home1 ! "o t /&s on ! rock1 by or ne> ! ne/1 is ready to gu>d x f all intrusion4 ,%\ld ano!r bird fly on to ! rock & alight1 9 8 op9ion1 too ne> x1 he imm$iately advances t[>ds him1 %ak+ 8 w+s1 & utt]+ a l[ grunt+ note :i* is full ( int5tion4 ,f9d+ itself 9 a false position1 ! intrud+ bird flies (f2 b x sometimes happ5s t :5 two ne/s are n f> ap>t1 ! s5t9els belong+ to ea* are 9 too close a proximity & beg9 to ca/ jeal\s glances ^u "o ano!r4 ,9 su* a case nei!r bird c retreat )\t "s loss ( dignity1 &1 z a result1 !re is a fight4 ,i h witness$ a drama ( ?is nature4 ,! two lock$ _! beaks toge!r1 & ! "o :i* seem$ to be ! /rong] endeav\r$ ) all 8 might to pull ! o!r t[>ds him1 :i* ! weak] bird1 on 8 "p1 resi/$ z desp]ately1 us+ 8 w+s bo? z oppos+ props & to pu% back )4 ,?is la/$ = "s :ile1 b ! pull+ bird 0 unable to drag ! o!r up ! /eeply-slop+ rock1 & f9ally lo/ 8 hold4 ,in/ead ( try+ to rega9 x1 he turn$ & %uffl$ excit$ly to ! ne/2 & :5 he rea*$ x1 ! bird sitt+ !re /ret*$ out h] neck t[>ds him1 & op5$ & %ut h] beak sev]al times 9 quick succession4 ,x 0 z if he _h said to h]1 8,i hope y obs]v$ my pr[ess4 ,0 x well done80 & %e _h repli$1 8,i %\ld ?9k ,i did obs]ve x4 ,x 0 inde$ well done40 ,on ! wor/$ bird's asc5d+ ! rock to get to 8 ne/1 ! victori\s "o ran1 or r waddl$1 at him1 putt+ him to a %ort flight up x4 ,?is bird 0 also cordially receiv$ by 8 own p>tn]1 :o ?rew up h] head & op5$ h] bill at him 9 ! same way1 z ?\gh sympa?iz+1 & say+1 8,don't m9d him2 he's rude40 ,9 su* affairs1 ei!r bird is safe z soon z he gets )9 close di/ance ( 8 own ne/2 = x w\ld be aga9/ all prec$5t1 & some?+ mon/r\s1 t he %\ld be foll[$ beyond a *>m$ l9e drawn ar\nd x4 ,,edmund ,,sel\s4 7,f 8,bird ,wat*+0 & 8,! ,bird-,wat*] 9 ! ,%etl&s40 ,j4 ,m4 ,d5t & ,co4 ,by p]mission47 ,,! ,,birds ,,( ,,sule ,,sk]ry4 ,sule ,sk]ry is a t9y1 b>r51 surf-blea*$ islet1 ly+ f> out 9 ! op5 ocean1 ?irty-two miles we/ f ,hoy ,head1 ab\t ! same di/ance f ,cape ,wra?1 & ?irty miles f ! ne>e/ l&1 ,f>rid ,head1 9 ,su!rl&%ire4 ,! ,sk]ry1 r\ghly rhomboidal 9 outl9e1 is ab\t half a mile 9 l5g? & a qu>t] ( a mile 9 its greate/ wid?1 & atta9s a height ( only =ty-five feet 9 its c5tral "p4 ,all r\nd ! %ore is a belt ( b>e1 jagg$ rock1 :]e ! wa% ( ! great ,atlantic waves prev5ts any vegetation f f9d+ a foo?old1 & ( ! ?irty-five acres or s :i* =m ! entire area ( ! isl& only "s twelve are cov]$ ) a mossy1 vegetable soil4 ,ly+1 z x does1 "r 9 ! track ( trad+ vessels1 ?is l[ islet1 toge!r ) ! ,/ack1 :i* rises to a height ( m ?an a hundr$ feet "s f\r & a half miles to ! s\?-we/w>d1 =m$ a dea?-trap to _m a %ip1 :i* 01 no d\bt1 aft]w>ds m]ely report$ z 8miss+10 & its %ores :5 visit$ 7 r>ely f\nd )\t "s /r&$ wreckage to tell ( ! unrecord$ trag$ies ( ! w9t] seas4 ,x 0 n till ! ye> #ahib t /eps 7 tak5 to m>k ?is dang]\s rock1 b ?ree ye>s lat] saw ! completion ( ,sule ,sk]ry ,ligh?\se1 a massive t[] ( a hundr$ feet 9 height1 ) a p[]ful light visible = a di/ance ( eighte5 miles4 ,sule ,sk]ry is no long] ei!r a dang]\s or a lonely islet :5 comp>$ ) its =m] /ate4 ,! ?ree lightkeep]s :o are always on duty1 toge!r ) _! goats1 p\ltry1 & rabbits1 give q an inhabit$ air to ! place--probably too mu* s = ! com=t ( ! orig9al occupants1 ! flocks ( birds :i* f9d on x ei!r a p]man5t home or a tempor>y dwell+-place4 ,sule ,sk]ry is an ideal place = obs]vation ( ! birds :i* frequ5t our isl&s1 bo? f ! imm5se numb]s ( !m :i* ne/ !re1 & f ! abs5ce ( high cliffs or inaccessible rocks4 ,luckily = u1 "o ( ! lightkeep]s =m]ly on ?is /ation1 ,mr4 ,tomison1 a native ( ,orkney1 0 a man unusually well qualifi$ = su* obs]vation1 & he has record$ mu* t is ( int]e/ reg>d+ ! bird life ( ! ,sk]ry4 ,f "o ( 8 pap]s on ?is subject we quote ! foll[+ int]e/+ pages4 ,illu/ration3 ,sule ,sk]ry ,ligh?\se4 ,! ,resid5t]s4 ,! birds ( ,sule ,sk]ry may be divid$ into ?ree classes--! resid5t]s1 ! regul> visitors1 & ! occasional visitors4 ,! class ( resid5t]s is repres5t$ by ! great black-back$ gull1 ! h]r+ gull1 ! %ag or gre5 cormorant1 & ! mead[ pipit4 ,illu/ration3 ,great black-back$ gull4 ,! great black-back$ gull is "o ( ! h&some/ birds ( ! gull family1 b ow+ to its de/ructive prop5sities among/ small birds1 rabbits1 & occasionally "y lambs1 a cont9ual w>f>e has be5 wag$ aga9/ x = ye>s by f>m]s & gamekeep]s1 until n[ x is almo/ entirely bani%$ to ! outly+ p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,be=e ! ligh?\se 0 erect$ on ,sule ,sk]ry1 l>ge numb]s ( ?is species frequ5t$ ! isl&2 b ! lightkeep]s f\nd !m su* arrant ?ieves t !y r$uc$ _! numb]s consid]ably4 ,!re are /ill ab\t tw5ty pairs resid5t on ! isl& all ! ye> r\nd1 & !y seem to f9d pl5ty ( food ei!r on l& or at sea4 ,_! bre$+-"t is 9 ,may1 & sometimes z late z ,june4 ,:5 ! "y are hat*$ ! p>5ts are cont9ually on ! look\t = food1 & ,i h (t5 se5 !m swoop d[n & seize "y rabbits4 ,frequ5tly !y make desp]ate ef=ts to capture ! old rabbits1 b nev] successfully4 ,!y lay ?ree eggs 9 a ne/ compos$ ( )]$ grass1 & ! process ( incubation la/s ab\t f\r weeks4 ,illu/ration3 ,h]r+ gull4 ,a small colony ( h]r+ gulls /ays on ! isl& all ! ye> r\nd1 b 9 summ] va/ flocks ( !m are 9 evid5ce :5 ! h]r+s are on ! coa/4 ,only ! resid5ts rema9 to bre$1 & ab\t a doz5 pairs annually re> _! "y & sp5d _! :ole "t 9 ! vic9ity4 ,"s ( ! "y mu/ emigrate to a m g5ial climate1 = al?\gh r>ely di/urb$ _! numb]s are n increas+4 ,!y lay ?ree eggs e>ly 9 ,may1 & sit ab\t f\r weeks4 ,:5 hat*$1 ! "y imm$iately leave ! ne/1 & are s l ! surr\nd+ rocks 9 col\r t :5 !y lie close x is almo/ impossible to discov] !m4 ,:5 hunt+ = food = _! (fspr+1 ^! gulls are almo/ z great a pe/ z _! c\s9s1 ! great black-back$1 & are m audaci\s ?ieves4 ,! mo/ num]\s ( ! resid5t]s are ! sc>fs4 ,9 summ] & w9t] !y are always on ! isl&1 & app>5tly !re is an abundant supply ( suitable food 9 ! vic9ity1 = !y nev] g f> away4 ,dur+ w9t] !y congregate on ! rocks 9 l>ge flocks or colonies1 & !y h become s accu/om$ to man's pres5ce t !y fly only :5 "o approa*es )9 a few y>ds ( !m4 ,9 v /ormy wea!r !y seek refuge 9 "s %elt]$ spot1 f> en\gh away f ! coa/-l9e to be safe f ! encroa*+ waves1 & only :5 fright5$ by any "o approa*+ too ne> d !y *oose :at is1 9 _! op9ion1 ! less] ( two evils1 & seek safety 9 flight4 ,) ! adv5t ( spr+ !y1 l all o!r birds1 turn _! ?\ghts to love4 ,_! comp>atively homely w9t] dress gradually *anges to "o m appropriate to ?is s5tim5t & m 9 h>mony ) ! impos+ surr\nd+s4 ,e>ly 9 ! ye> _! plumage assumes a gre5] t9t1 & ! graceful tuft or cre/ on ! top ( ! head becomes m & m prom95t4 ,?is cre/ practically disappe>s ab\t ! end ( ,june1 & seems to be a decoration 9 bo? sexes only dur+ ! nuptial season4 ,usually !y manage to get ?r\gh ) _! love-mak+ & select+ ( p>tn]s by ! middle ( ,m>*1 aft] :i* ! op]ations ( ne/-build+ are und]tak54 ,9 ,orkney we associate a sc>f's ne/ ) "s almo/ inaccessible cliff1 b su* is n ! case on ,sule ,sk]ry1 = ! simple reason t !re are no cliffs4 ,! ne/s are built all ov] ! isl&1 b pr9cipally ne> ! coa/-l9e2 & ! sociabl5ess ( ! bird's disposition %[s itself 9 ?is fact1 t !y t5d to cr[d _! ne/s toge!r 9 c]ta9 select$ spots1 to :i* !y return ye> aft] ye>4 ,"o place 9 p>ticul>1 a pat* ( r\gh1 rocky gr\nd f =ty to fifty y>ds squ>e1 ,i h nam$ ! sc>f colony on acc\nt ( its num]\s population dur+ ! bre$+ season4 ,"h 9 #ahih ,i c\nt$ fifty-six ne/s4 ,z to ! mat]ials us$ = ne/-build+1 ^! are pr9cipally seawe$ & grass1 b ! sc>f is n v p>ticul> z to details1 & uses any?+ t w suit ! purpose4 ,i h f\nd pieces ( ord9>y rope1 ev5 wire rope1 & small pieces ( wood us$1 & a v common f\ndation is ! skeleton ( a rabbit :i* has di$ dur+ ! w9t]4 ,dur+ build+ op]ations ,i h obs]v$ t "o bird builds & ! o!r br+s ! mat]ials4 ,aft] all has be5 complet$1 ?ree1 f\r1 & sometimes five eggs are laid4 ,?ree is ! mo/ common numb]2 five is r>e4 ,dur+ incubation ! "o bird relieves ! o!r p]iodically4 ,x is a common sight to see "o come 9 f ! sea1 sit d[n at ! edge ( ! ne/1 & hold a long palav] ) its mate4 ,! sitt+ bird !n gets up & flies out to sea1 ! o!r tak+ its place4 ,:5 ! "y come out ( ! egg !y are entirely nak$1 ( a d>k sooty col\r1 & p>ticul>ly ugly4 ,t[>ds ! end ( ! fir/ week ( _! exi/5ce a coat+ ( d[n beg9s to gr[1 foll[$ by fea!rs 9 ab\t ?ree weeks4 ,z ne> z ,i c judge f obs]vation1 ! bird is fully fl$g$ 9 five weeks f ! "t ( hat*+4 ,illu/ration3 ,mead[-pipit4 ,! only o!r resid5t] is ! mead[-pipit1 tit-l>k1 or moss-*eep]4 ,x is ! only small bird t rema9s on ! isl& all ! ye> r\nd4 ,x ne/s g5]ally 9 ,may1 & lays five or six eggs4 ,x is said t two broods are rais$ 9 ! season1 b ,i h nev] notic$ t "h4 ,t[>ds ! end ( summ] !y are to be se5 9 consid]able numb]s1 b 9 ,septemb] & ,octob] ! isl& is visit$ by ke/rels1 :o soon ?9 !m d[n4 ,! ,regul> ,visitors4 ,! regul> visitors are puff91 razor-bill1 common guillemot1 black guillemot1 oy/]-cat*]1 t]n1 eid] duck1 kittiwake1 /ormy petrel1 curlew1 snipe1 turn/one1 & s&pip]4 ,9 ?is li/ ,i h advis$ly plac$ fir/ ! puff91 or tammynorie1 or bottl5ose1 or c\lt]neb1 or pope1 or sea-p>rot1 = x is a well-kn[n & well-nam$ bird4 ,9 po9t ( int]e/ x und\bt$ly takes ! fir/ place among all our fea!r$ fri5ds4 ,its rem>kable appe>ance1 its activity1 its ass]tive disposition1 & ! regul>ity ( its habits1 compel ! att5tion ( ! mo/ c>eless obs]v]4 ,illu/ration3 ,puff94 ,at "o "t puff9s 7 mu* 9 dem& = food4 ,an old hi/ory ( ! ,scilly ,isl&s tells u t 9 #acde ! r5t ( ^! isl&s 0 ?ree hundr$ puff9s4 ,9 #ahdh1 on acc\nt ( ! bird hav+ got sc>c]1 & consequ5tly m valuable1 ! r5t 0 fifty puff9s4 ,we are also l$ to und]/& t ! "y birds1 be+ plump & t5d]1 7 m highly e/eem$ ?an _! m eld]ly & t\gh] relatives4 ,! mo/ rem>kable feature ( ?is curi\s bird is its beak1 ! peculi>ities ( :i* are its enorm\s size comp>$ ) ! size ( ! body1 & its brilliant col\rs--blue1 yell[1 & r$4 ,= a long "t x 0 a puzzle t occasional dead specim5s f\nd wa%$ a%ore 9 w9t] _h a beak v mu* small] & de/itute ( bright col\rs4 ,x has n[ be5 asc]ta9$ t ! out] %ea? is m\lt$ annually1 be+ %$ on ! approa* ( w9t] & replac$ at ! return ( ! bre$+ season4 ,to give any idea ( _! numb]s on ,sule ,sk]ry is an almo/ impossible task1 = :5 !y are on ! isl& !y are h>dly ev] at re/4 ,! air is black ) !m1 ! gr\nd is cov]$ ) !m1 e hole is t5ant$ by !m1 ! sea is cov]$ ) !m4 ,!y are "h1 !re1 & ev]y:]e4 ,!y fir/ make _! appe>ance e>ly 9 ,april1 & sp5d f eight to twelve days at sea be=e l&+1 com+ close 9 r\nd ! isl& 9 ! =5oon & disappe>+ at night4 ,be=e l&+ !y fly 9 cl\ds r\nd ! place1 & aft] hav+ made a survey to see t all is "r1 !y beg9 to drop 9 hundr$s1 till 9 half an h\r e /one & rock is cov]$4 ,!y d n wa/e "t1 b />t at once to cle> out old holes & make new ones1 & = burr[+ !y c easily put a rabbit 9 ! %ade4 ,^? :o are n engag$ 9 digg+ improve ! %9+ h\r by fight+1 & = pluck & det]m9ation !y are h>d to beat4 ,!y are s int5t on _! "w t ,i h (t5 seiz$ ! combatants1 & ev5 !n !y 7 unwill+ to let g _! hold ( ea* o!r2 b :5 !y d1 x is advisable = ! p]son int]f]+ to let g also1 if he w\ld avoid a r unpleasant h&%ake4 ,aft] sp5d+ a few h\rs on ! isl& !y all disappe>1 & d n usually l& aga9 = two days2 b :5 !y d come back ! second "t !re is no c]emony ab\t _! l&+4 ,!y come 9 /raggl+ flocks f all po9ts ( ! compass1 & resume _! digg+ & fight+4 ,!y cont9ue 9 ?is mann]1 nev] rema9+ a%ore all night till ! fir/ week ( ,may4 ,!y sp5d v little "t on ! con/ruction ( _! ne/s1 :i* consi/ m]ely ( a few /raws4 ,! great] numb] burr[ 9 ! dry1 peaty soil1 & _! holes w av]age at lea/ ?ree feet und]gr\nd2 b !re are also an imm5se numb] t lay among/ loose rocks & /ones on ! nor? side ( ! isl&4 ,! eggs laid !re are always clean & :ite until ! "y bird is hat*$2 b ^? laid und]gr\nd 9 a day or two become z br[n z ! soil1 & seem m l a lump ( peat ?an an egg4 ,dur+ ! "t ( incubation1 :i* la/s a mon?1 ^? n engag$ 9 hat*+ sp5d _! "t 9 fi%+ & re/+ on ! rocks1 & z a pa/ime indulge 9 fri5dly sp>r+ mat*es4 ,"o easily kn[s :5 ! "y are hat*$ by see+ ! old birds com+ 9 f sea ) h]r+ fry or small s&-eels1 :i* are c>ri$ transv]sely 9 _! bills1 f six to t5 at a "t4 ,! sole "w ( ! p>5t birds = ! next ?ree or f\r weeks is fi%+ & c>ry+ home _! takes to ! "y4 ,v little "t is giv5 to nurs+4 ,!y rema9 9 ! hole j long en\gh to get rid ( _! burd51 & !n g to sea aga94 ,z ! "y ones gr[1 ! size ( ! fi% br\ght home increases4 ,at fir/ x is small s&-eels f "o & a half to two in*es long1 b at ! end ( a =tnight small h]r+s & mod]ate-siz$ s&-eels are ! usual fe$+4 ,i notic$ an old bird fly into a hole "o day ) a bigg] fi% ?an usual1 &1 to see :at x 01 ,i put 9 my h& & pull$ out bo? birds4 ,! tail ( ! fi% 0 j disappe>+ d[n ! "y "o's ?roat1 b ,i made him disgorge 8 prey1 & f\nd x to be a s&-eel eight in*es long4 ,h[ t small bird c\ld f9d room = su* a d9n] 0 really wond]ful4 ,at fir/ ! "y are cov]$ ) a ?ick coat+ ( d[n1 & probably _! appe>ance at ?is /age has giv5 rise to ! "n 8puff910 mean+ a 8little puff40 ,9 a =tnight ! :ite fea!rs on ! brea/ beg9 to %[1 & ! birds are fully fl$g$ 9 f\r weeks1 :5 !y at once take to ! wat]4 ,z soon z !y g afloat1 "y & old leave ! place1 & ab\t ! middle ( ,july "o c easily see t _! numb]s are decreas+1 ! end ( ,augu/ usually see+ ! la/ ( !m4 ,illu/ration3 ,razor-bill4 ,!re is a consid]able colony ( razor-bills on ! isl&4 ,_! "t ( arrival is ab\t ! same z t ( ! puff91 b !y make no commotion :5 !y come4 ,!y seem to slip a%ore1 & always keep ne> ! coa/-l9e1 ready to fly to sea :5 any "o approa*es4 ,!y beg9 lay+ t[>ds ! end ( ,may1 & lay "o egg on ! b>e rock1 usually "u a /one1 b 9 "s cases on an expos$ l$ge4 ,dur+ incubation "o bird relieves ! o!r1 = if ! egg 7 left expos$ & unprotect$ ! black-back$ gull w\ld v soon appropriate x4 ,"s au?orities say t ! male bird br+s food to its mate2 b ,i h nev] obs]v$ ?is1 ?\gh ,i h wat*$ c>efully to see if su* 7 ! case ,! "y rema9 9 ! ne/1 or1 to speak m correctly1 on ! rock1 = ab\t two weeks if n di/urb$1 & ,i h se5 a "y "o rema9 a%ore until cov]$ ) fea!rs1 :i* w\ld mean ab\t f\r weeks f ! "t ( hat*+4 ,!y all1 "y & old1 leave e>ly 9 ,augu/4 ,i am sorry to say !y are becom+ sc>c] e ye>1 *iefly on acc\nt ( _! %yness & fe> ( man4 ,! common guillemots are sc>ce4 ,_! great haunt 9 ?is vic9ity is ! ,/ack4 ,!re !y are to be se5 9 myriads on ! p]p5dicul> side ( ! rock fac+ ! we/4 ,only two or ?ree pairs take up _! abode on ! isl&2 9 fact _! numb]s sc>cely entitle !m to be call$ ,sule ,sk]ry birds4 ,! few "y ones ,i h se5 are c>ri$ to ! wat] z soon z !y are hat*$--at lea/ !y disappe> ! same day4 ,black guillemots or ty/ies are pl5tiful4 ,_! "t ( arrival is ab\t ! middle ( ,m>*1 b !y are r>ely se5 a%ore be=e ! end ( ,april4 ,_! ne/s are to be f\nd 9 out-(-!-way crevices or "u /ones1 & are n easily discov]$ on acc\nt ( ! extraord9>y wat*fulness ( ! birds & _! c>e n to be caught on or ne> _! ne/s4 ,!y lay two eggs1 & ! "y are fully fea!r$ be=e go+ afloat4 ,!y rema9 ab\t ! isl& till ! end ( ,septemb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,oy/]-cat*]4 ,! fir/ ( all ! visitors to arrive are ! oy/]-cat*]s4 ,!y fir/ put 9 an appe>ance ab\t ! end ( ,febru>y1 :5 _! well-kn[n cry d5otes t ! long1 dre>y w9t] is ov]4 ,!y sp5d _! "t till ! end ( ,m>* *iefly fe$+ along ! coa/-l9e2 b aft] t "t !y pair1 & are se5 all ov] ! isl&4 ,ab\t ! end ( ,may !y lay ?ree eggs 9 a ne/ compos$ ( a few small /ones2 & :5 ! "y are hat*$ ! noise ( ! old birds is p]fectly deaf5+ on ! approa* ( an intrud]1 & ev5 :5 no "o is annoy+ !m ! clam\r !y make almo/ am\nts to a nuisance4 ,on calm1 quiet nights x is h>dly possible to sleep = !m1 & "o feels incl9$ to get out ( b$ & %oot !m d[n :olesale4 ,! "y leave ! ne/ z soon z hat*$1 & are r>ely se51 = on he>+ ! w>n+ cry ( ! p>5t bird !y at once hide among ! long grass or "u /ones1 & on "o occasion ,i f\nd a pair "s di/ance und]gr\nd 9 a rabbit's hole4 ,!y all leave ! isl& dur+ ! fir/ half ( ,septemb]4 ,next to ! puff9s 9 numb]s are ! t]ns--! ,arctic t]ns4 ,!y are also l ! puff9s 9 ! regul>ity ( _! arrival at ! isl&4 ,:5 fir/ se5 !y are fly+ high up1 & !y cont9ue do+ s = a day or two1 only re/+ at night4 ,!re are sev]al v>ieties ( t]ns scatt]$ all ov] ! ,briti% ,isles1 b 9 ! nor? ! mo/ num]\s are ! ,arctic & ! common t]n4 ,! latt] r>ely visits ! isl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,arctic t]n4 ,!re are c]ta9 localities :]e ! t]ns take up _! abode1 & !y /ick closely to ! same gr\nd ye> aft] ye>1 nev] by any *ance mak+ a ne/ tw5ty y>ds outside _! usual bre$+ gr\nd4 ,!y beg9 to lay 9 ! fir/ week ( ,june1 b ,i h f\nd eggs on ! la/ day ( ,may4 ,!y lay two eggs1 & sometimes ?ree4 ,:5 ! "y are hat*$ ! p>5ts are kept busy supply+ !m ) food1 :i* consi/s *iefly ( s&-eels & h]r+ fry4 ,_! me?od ( fi%+ is to hov] ov] ! wat]1 n unlike ! way a hawk hov]s :5 wat*+ its prey1 & :5 !y see a fi% to make a d>t on x1 r>ely if ev] fail+ to make a haul4 ,!y also prey on worms :5 x is too /ormy = fi%+ at sea4 ,on a wet ev5+1 :5 ! worms are hav+ an out+1 ! t]ns are to be se5 9 hundr$s all ov] ! isl&1 hov]+ ab\t six feet above ! gr\nd1 e n[ & aga9 mak+ a d>t d[n1 &1 :5 successful1 fly+ home ) _! cat* to ! "y4 ,no "t is lo/1 = ! old bird seldom alights :5 h&+ ov] ! worm4 ,x swoops d[n to :]e ! "y ones are /&+ ) out/ret*$ necks & bills gap+1 scream+ out to let _! :]eab\ts be kn[n1 & !n flies (f aga9 = m4 ,:5 ! "y are able to fly !y accompany _! p>5ts ov] ! isl&1 & occasionally d a little hunt+ on _! own acc\nt4 ,ab\t ! fir/ ( ,augu/ ! "y are fully fl$g$4 ,"y & old !n assemble f all p>ts ( ! isl& to a piece ( b>e rocky gr\nd on ! nor?-ea/ corn]1 :i* !y make _! headqu>t]s = ab\t t5 days1 fly+ out to sea = food1 b always return+ at night4 ,ab\t ! fifte5? ( ,augu/ !y all disappe>1 & are se5 no m till ! foll[+ ,may4 ,illu/ration3 ,/ormy petrel4 ,! isl& is ! headqu>t]s ( a l>ge colony ( /ormy petrels4 ,x is n an easy matt] to fix ! exact date ( _! arrival1 = !y are nev] se5 dur+ ! day1 & only come out ( _! holes at night4 ,!y are fir/ se5 9 ! latt] end ( ,june1 :5 on a f9e cle> night "o c see !m flitt+ ab\t close to ! gr\nd1 v l swall[s 9 _! movem5ts4 ,!y beg9 to lay 9 ,july1 & _! ne/s are to be f\nd "u /ones & 9 rabbits' holes4 ,almo/ ! only way to f9d !m is to li/5 = _! peculi> cry1 :i* !y keep up at int]vals ! :ole night ?r\gh4 ,if captur$ dur+ ! day1 !y seem q daz$ :5 releas$1 & at once fly into "s d>k place4 ,! date ( _! dep>ture1 l t ( _! arrival1 is n easily fix$1 b ,i ?9k x is dur+ ,septemb]4 ,"y birds h be5 got on ! lant]n at night z late z ! end ( ,septemb]1 b nev] 9 ,octob]4 ,illu/ration3 ,eid] duck 7male74 ,! eid] duck is a regul> visitor1 & a consid]able flock make ,sule ,sk]ry _! headqu>t]s = ab\t eight mon?s 9 ! ye>4 ,!y are fir/ se5 9 ,m>* fi%+ (f ! isl&1 b !y v r>ely l& be=e ! end ( ,april4 ,9 ,may !y may be se5 a%ore e day1 b always ne> ! wat]1 ready to pop 9 if al>m$4 ,!y are v %y & difficult to approa*4 ,9 ,june ! duck & ! drake bo? come a%ore & select a place = _! ne/1 & t is ! only occasion on :i* ! drake takes a "p 9 ! hat*+ process4 ,s f> z my obs]vation goes1 ,i h nev] se5 him approa* 8 mate dur+ ! mon? ( incubation4 ,! ne/ is built sometimes on a b>e rock1 b m commonly among grass1 & consi/s ( co>se grass = a f\ndation1 ! fam\s d[n be+ add$ only z ! eggs are laid4 ,five or six is ! common numb] f\nd 9 "o ne/4 ,f ! "t x beg9s to sit until incubation is complet$1 ! duck nev] leaves ! ne/ unless di/urb$1 & w only fly to sea if driv5 (f4 ,if approa*$ quietly1 x w all[ "o to /roke x1 & does n seem afraid4 ,!re are always "o or two ne/s close to ! h\se1 & ?\gh ,i h wat*$ !m closely at all h\rs1 night & day1 ,i h nev] se5 ! birds g away = food1 nor h ,i se5 _! undutiful sp\ses br+ any to !m4 ,i w n v5ture to say t ! duck lives a mon? )\t su/5ance1 b ,i am /rongly incl9$ to t belief4 ,:5 fright5$ away1 x goes only a %ort di/ance1 & returns imm$iately z soon z ! cause ( its fright has be5 remov$4 ,illu/ration3 ,eid] duck on ne/4 ,! :ole inside ( ! ne/ is l9$ ) d[n1 :i* seems to be int5d$ only = ! purpose ( keep+ ! eggs w>m4 ,x is c]ta9ly n int5d$ to =m a cosy nurs]y = ! "y1 z !y leave = ! sea a few h\rs aft] bir? & d n return4 ,unless ! d[n is remov$ be=e ! "y are hat*$ x is useless1 = x gets mix$ up ) ! egg-%ells1 :i* are always brok5 into v small pieces4 ,aft] leav+ ! ne/ ! "y birds r>ely come a%ore aga91 b rema9 afloat1 fe$+ along ! edge ( ! rocks on mussels & cru/aceans4 ,! old birds disappe> 9 ,octob]1 b "s "y ones rema9 till ! end ( ,novemb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,kittiwake4 ,few kittiwake gulls visit ! isl&1 b ^! come regul>ly1 & take up _! abode on ! same gr\nd ye> aft] ye>4 ,!y arrive 9 ,april1 & ab\t ! fir/ ( ,may beg9 ne/-build+1 a "w :i* keeps !m employ$ = ab\t ?ree weeks4 ,!y beg9 lay+ ab\t ! end ( ,may1 & lay ?ree eggs4 ,! "y are fully gr[n be=e leav+ ! ne/1 & are f$ by bo? ! p>5t birds4 ,!y all leave ! isl& ab\t ! end ( ,augu/1 & n ev5 a /raggl] is se5 till ! foll[+ spr+4 ,illu/ration3 ,curlew or :aup4 ,i h n[ gone ov] all ! birds t bre$ on ,sule ,sk]ry1 & come next to ! regul> w9t] visitors1 consi/+ ( ! curlew1 ! snipe1 ! turn/one1 & ! common s&pip]4 ,ab\t a doz5 curlews or :aups make ! isl& _! home = ab\t n9e mon?s ( ! ye>4 ,!y leave ab\t ! end ( ,may & return 9 ,augu/1 rema9+ on ! isl& all w9t]4 ,_! numb] always keeps ab\t ! same--twelve or fifte54 ,!y h ! same *>act]i/ics z ^? f\nd else:]e--_! extraord9>y al]tness & _! peculi> cry--b !y are di/9ctly less %y ?an is usually ! case 9 o!r p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,!y are nev] di/urb$ 9 any way1 & ! result is t1 if any "o wi%$1 x w\ld be an easy matt] to get )9 gun%ot ( !m4 ,_! *ief food is worms & insects1 ( :i* !re is a pl5tiful supply on ! isl&4 ,:5 ! curlews leave ! isl&1 a few :imbrels take _! place1 & rema9 ab\t six weeks4 ,!y bre$ 9 ,orkney & ,%etl&1 b ?\gh !y rema9 on ! isl& mo/ ( ! bre$+ season ,i h nev] yet f\nd a ne/4 ,i h sp5t _m an h\r wat*+ !m f ! light-room ) ! glass to see if !y 7 sitt+1 & h gone ov] ! gr\nd :]e !y are mo/ frequ5tly se51 b c\ld nev] f9d an egg or any attempt at ne/ build+4 ,!y are v mu* l ! curlew 9 g5]al appe>ance1 only mu* small]4 ,illu/ration3 ,snipe4 ,! snipe leaves ! isl& 9 ,may1 & is abs5t ab\t f\r mon?s1 usually return+ 9 ,octob]4 ,none1 s f>1 h ev] ne/$ on ,sule ,sk]ry1 & !y all g else:]e = t purpose4 ,!re is a consid]able numb] ( !m resid5t dur+ ! w9t]1 l>g] 9 "s ye>s ?an 9 o!rs4 ,!y sometimes get kill$ by da%+ aga9/ ! lant]n at night1 b x is n (t5 !y fly s high4 ,illu/ration3 ,turn/one4 ,! turn/one always sp5ds ! w9t] on ! isl&1 arriv+ ab\t ! end ( ,augu/ or ! fir/ ( ,septemb]1 & f !n on till ,april x sp5ds its "t fe$+ on insects4 ,on ,sule ,sk]ry x is 9 no way afraid ( man1 b r ! opposite1 = x dep5ds a good deal on ! lightkeep]s = its livelihood 9 /ormy wea!r4 ,:5ev] ! lightkeep]s g to fe$ _! h5s1 ! turn/ones ga!r f all p>ts ( ! isl& & sit r\nd at a respectful di/ance--ab\t a doz5 y>ds--wait+ = _! %>e1 :i* !y receive regul>ly e day1 & !y seem to enjoy x v mu*4 ,! lightkeep]s (t5 turn ov] big /ones to enable ! h5s to fe$ on ! insects :i* are !re 9 imm5se quantities4 ,! turn/ones h le>n$ ! mean+ ( ?is op]ation1 & :e!r ! h5s are pres5t or n1 !y soon ga!r r\nd = a fea/ :5 "o retires a %ort di/ance4 ,a few specim5s ( ! common s&pip] always accompany !m1 b !y fe$ m among/ ! seawe$ along ! coa/-l9e1 & are m afraid ( ! approa* ( man4 ,illu/ration3 ,s&pip]4 ,occasional ,visitors4 ,we n[ come to ! ?ird class1 ! occasional visitors4 ,^! are ! wild goose1 ! mall>d or /ock duck1 ! teal1 ! widgeon1 ! ,icel& gull1 ! ,sclavonian grebe1 ! h]on1 ! ke/rel1 ! hood$ cr[1 ! rook1 ! lapw+1 ! gold5 plov]1 ! r$%ank1 ! corncrake1 ! wat] rail1 ! fieldf>e1 ! r$w+1 ! sn[-bunt+1 ! />l+1 ! song ?ru% or mavis1 ! blackbird1 ! wat]-wagtail1 ! /one*at1 ! woodcock1 ! skyl>k1 ! twite or m\nta9 l9net1 ! rob91 ! swall[1 ! black-head$ gull1 & ! little auk4 ,wild geese pass ! isl& on _! way s\? 9 ,octob]1 b v r>ely re/4 ,occasionally a flock w hov] r\nd = "s "t1 b ! sight ( a human habitation sc>es !m away1 & !y cont9ue on _! way 9 ! direction ( ,cape ,wra?4 ,la/ ,octob] half a doz5 7 se5 re/+ on ! isl& "o morn+ ab\t eight o'clock4 ,!y seem$ to be fe$+ 9 "o ( ! fre%-wat] pools1 b all !y w\ld f9d !re w\ld n fatt5 !m4 ,sule ,sk]ry is a v likely place = !m to call at1 z x is "r 9 _! track :5 on ! way to & f ,icel& & ,f>oe1 b p]haps ! isl& be+ inhabit$ causes !m to give x a wide b]?4 ,at any rate v few ( !m ev] hon\r x ) a visit4 ,illu/ration3 ,mall>d4 ,! mall>d pays ! isl& frequ5t visits dur+ ! w9t]1 two & ?ree at a "t4 ,!y nev] /ay long1 = !re is v little fe$+ = !m4 ,!y are p>ticul>ly %y1 re/+ only on ! mo/ outly+ p>ts1 & seem+ cont9ually on ! wat*4 ,teal & widgeon are n common4 ,( ! =m] "o sees a specim5 or two e w9t]1 :ile ( ! latt] only two h visit$ ! isl&1 & t 0 9 ,m>* #ahig1 :5 !y /ay$ a few days4 ,9 ,novemb] #ahie an ,icel& gull arriv$ on ! isl&1 & rema9$ to ! end ( ,febru>y foll[+4 ,x became fairly tame1 sitt+ ! great] "p ( ! day ne> ! h\se on ! wat* = any scraps ( meat t 7 ?r[n out4 ,hopes 7 ent]ta9$ t x int5d$ rema9+ p]man5tly on ! isl&1 b on ! approa* ( ! bre$+ season x dep>t$4 ,9 #ahih "o /ay$ = a week 9 ,novemb]2 9 ! foll[+ ye> ano!r 0 se5 on ! #bcrd ( ,novemb]4 ,?is "o 0 fi%+ 9 company ) "s common gulls1 & occasionally flew ov] ! isl& q close to ! t[]2 b ,i did n see x alight1 nor 0 x se5 aga9 on any ( ! foll[+ days4 ,illu/ration3 ,h]on4 ,! common h]on e ye> sp5ds a day or two on ! isl&1 g5]ally 9 ,octob] or ,novemb]1 b x nev] seems at home4 ,!y w&] ab\t 9 se>* ( food1 b app>5tly d n f9d v mu*4 ,:5 leav+ ! isl& !y always1 )\t exception1 fly 9 ! direction ( ,cape ,wra?1 b :]e !y come f ,i _c say1 nev] hav+ notic$ !m arriv+4 ,! hood$ cr[ is an annual visitor1 g5]ally 9 ,novemb]1 & x sometimes comes = a %ort visit 9 ,april4 ,two or ?ree is ! common numb] at "o "t4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 n mu* food = !m1 & on t acc\nt _! visit is soon ov]4 ,a few rooks call ab\t ! same "t4 ,e ye> 9 ,april ! lapw+s make ! isl& a re/+-place1 /ay+ f a week to a =tnight4 ,! place does n seem to suit !m = ne/+ purposes1 = ,i h nev] se5 !m make any attempt at ne/-build+4 ,aft] re/+ & r5ew+ _! /r5g?1 !y seek out "s m hospitable "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,small flocks ( ! gold5 plov] also re/ on ! isl& on _! passage nor? 9 ,m>* & ,april1 & aga9 on _! way s\? 9 ,octob] & ,novemb]1 /ay+ f eight to twelve days4 ,!re are also a few /raggl+ visitors dur+ ! w9t]4 ,! common r$%ank is a frequ5t visitor1 /ay+ p]haps a week at a "t1 b x nev] ne/s on ! isl&4 ,9 #ahif a corncrake's well-kn[n song 0 he>d dur+ ! great] "p ( ,june4 ,x 0 he>d aga9 ! foll[+ season1 b nev] s9ce4 ,! bird1 h[ev]1 is occasionally se5 9 summ]4 ,! only way ,i c acc\nt = its sil5ce is t ! goats & rabbits nev] all[ ! grass to gr[ to any l5g?1 & ?us !re is no cov] = x4 ,i ?9k mo/ orni?ologi/s are n[ satisfi$ t ?is bird migrates to a w>m] climate e ye> on ! approa* ( w9t]4 ,:e!r su* is ! case or n ,i d n feel prep>$ to say1 b f my exp]i5ce ( ,sule ,sk]ry ,i am q satisfi$ x is only a summ] visitor !re1 & does n rema9 on ! isl& all w9t]4 ,! wat]-rail pays ! isl& a visit e w9t]1 b ,i d n ?9k !re is any dang] ( its be+ mi/ak5 = ! corncrake4 ,!y are a little l "o ano!r 9 %ape1 b !y are two di/9ct species1 & easily recogniz$4 ,illu/ration3 ,wat]-rail4 ,9 ,octob] & ,novemb] ! isl& is visit$ annually by consid]able numb]s ( fieldf>es1 r$w+s1 blackbirds1 rock-?ru%es1 />l+s1 & woodcocks4 ,!y g5]ally /ay f a week to a =tnight1 & are m num]\s "s ye>s ?an o!rs4 ,wat]-wagtails are r>e visitors1 se5 at v>i\s times ( ! ye>4 ,/one*ats are also r>e visitors1 only /ay+ a few days 9 ,may4 ,! skyl>k1 s common ev]y:]e else1 is a v r>e visitor1 & is only se5 or he>d once or twice dur+ ! summ] mon?s4 ,rob9 r$brea/ is always se5 9 ! autumn1 & g5]ally /ays a few weeks if ! wea!r is mod]ate4 ,! twite or m\nta9 l9net pays an occasional visit 9 summ]1 & /ays = "s "t2 b ,i h nev] yet f\nd a ne/1 & _c say if x bre$s on ! isl&4 ,9 ,june e ye> a few sp>r[s sp5d a =tnight on ,sule ,sk]ry4 ,sn[-bunt+s almo/ des]ve ! "n ( regul> w9t] visitors1 = f ,octob] to ,m>* !y are seldom long abs5t4 ,la/ ,septemb] ,i got a bird :i* ,i knew to belong to ! grebe family1 b ,i c\ld n be sure ( its prop] "n1 & ,i s5t x to ,mr4 ,h>vie ,br[n = id5tification4 ,he in=m$ me x 0 a ,sclavonian grebe1 a bird n v common 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry4 ,9 ,novemb] #ahig ,i f\nd a dead specim5 ( ! little auk4 ,illu/ration3 ,solan goose4 ,?\gh n a ,sule ,sk]ry bird1 ! solan goose des]ves notice 9 ?is pap]4 ,! ,/ack1 di/ant f\r & a half miles1 has be5 _! *ief bre$+ place 9 ,orkney = ages1 & e ye> x is t5ant$ by imm5se numb]s4 ,! rock is #adj feet high1 ris+ p]p5dicul>ly on ! we/1 b slop+ gradually f ! wat] to ! summit on ! ea/ side4 ,x is on ?is slope t ! solans congregate1 & no o!r bird is all[$ to trespass on _! pres]ves4 ,9 ,may1 ,june1 ,july1 & ,augu/ _! numb]s are s va/ t any "o see+ ! rock at a di/ance w\ld imag9e x 0 pa9t$ :ite or compos$ ( *alk4 ,sule ,sk]ry1 h[ev]1 is too f> di/ant to all[ ( "o =m+ any idea ( _! numb]s1 b look+ at !m ) ! glass "o sees ! rock simply cov]$1 & app>5tly z _m fly+ ab\t z re/+4 ,lewis m5 visit ! place annually 9 ,augu/1 & c>ry away a boatload ( "y birds4 ,la/ ye> !y came up to ! rock1 b !re 0 too mu* surf = a l&+1 & z ! wea!r 0 ?reat5+ !y head$ = ! ,su!rl&%ire coa/4 ,t night ! w9d blew half a gale1 & fe>s 7 ent]ta9$ t x w\ld prove too mu* = !m1 = _! boat 0 small & h>dly p[]ful en\gh to be s f> f home2 b a few days lat] !y aga9 approa*$ ! rock4 ,!y aga9 fail$ to negotiate x1 & aft] wait+ = ab\t an h\r !y made sail = home1 & did n return4 ,! wea!r c]ta9ly fav\r$ ! solans on ^! occasions4 ,i h nev] se5 a solan re/+ on ,sule ,sk]ry2 !y ev5 c>efully avoid fly+ across ! isl&1 ?\gh !y fi% 9 imm5se numb]s all r\nd1 & sometimes )9 =ty or fifty y>ds ( ! %ore4 ,!y usually beg9 to arrive 9 ! vic9ity ab\t ! end ( ,janu>y1 & _! numb]s cont9ue to increase until ! end ( ,april1 :5 !y take possession ( ! rock1 & f !n until ! end ( ,augu/ _! "n is legion4 ,:5 ! "y are fl$g$1 !y gradually disappe>1 & f ! fir/ ( ,decemb] till ! la/ days ( ,janu>y !y are n to be se54 ,?us !y g on ye> aft] ye>1 a fraction ( t great fea!r$ multitude :i* has come & gone s9ce ! e>lie/ ages1 & w probably cont9ue to come & g z long z ! _w la/s1 "s arriv+ & dep>t+ 9 sil5ce1 o!rs h]ald+ _! com+ & go+ ) ! wilde/ clam\r4 ,on ?is subject1 & speak+ ( ! nor!rn isles1 ,?omson ! poet says3-- 8,:]e ! ,nor!rn ,ocean1 9 va/ :irls1 ,boils r\nd ! nak$ melan*oly isles ,( f>!/ ,?ule1 & ! ,atlantic's surge ,p\rs 9 among/ ! /ormy ,hebrides2 ,:o c rec\nt :at transmigrations !re ,are annual made8 :at nations come & g8 ,& h[ ! liv+ cl\ds on cl\ds arise1 ,inf9ite w+s6 till all ! plume-d>k air ,& rude res\nd+ %ore are "o wild cry80 ,j4 ,,tomison 78,orcadian ,pap]s407 ,illu/ration ,,common ,,seawe$s4 ,a sev]e /orm has be5 rag+ = sev]al days on our %ores1 & no %ip has d>$ to cross ! ,p5tl&4 ,to-day a great calm has fall5 ^u ! face ( ! wat]s1 & ! sun %9es cle> 9 ! sky4 ,a walk by ! sea%ore on su* a morn+ w af=d an excell5t opportunity = collect+ specim5s ( our seawe$s1 & = /udy+ _! life-hi/ory4 ,"h !y lie 9 all _! v>i$ col\rs1 /rewn on ! bea* l autumn leaves 9 a =e/4 ,n[ is our *ance to secure "s ( ^? r>e & beautiful we$s t gr[ 9 ! deep] wat]1 & h be5 torn (f & driv5 a%ore by ! waves4 ,if press$ & dri$ ) c>e1 !y w rema9 ?+s ( beauty = long4 ,= ?is purpose we use squ>es ( /iff pap] or c>d1 on :i* we spread !m out c>efully "u wat]4 ,:5 press$1 !y w adh]e to ! pap] by means ( ! mucilage :i* !y conta94 ,illu/ration3 ,common seawe$s4--,i4 ,a1 ,s>gassum 7,gulf-we$71 ,b1 ,cladophora4 ,c1 ,ent]omorpha4 ,d #a1 ,fucus vesiculosus4 ,d #b1 ,receptacle ( same1 ) eggs & sp]ms4 ,d #c1 ,egg1 ) sp]ms4 ,e1 ,polysiphonia4 ,! delicate f]n-l or fea!ry fronds ( ^? r$ seawe$s w comp>e 9 beauty ) ! be/ ( our fl[]+ plants4 ,?is is all ! m wond]ful :5 we consid] _! l[ly orig94 ,= ! family ( ! ,alg1 to :i* ! seawe$s belong1 is ! olde/ & mo/ primitive ( all ! families ( plants4 ,to ! ,alg mo/ likely belong$ ! fir/ =ms ( life :i* appe>$ on ! e>?4 ,if we are =tunate to-day we may f9d a specim5 ( ! fam\s ,gulf-we$ 7,s>gassum71 :i* gives its "n to ! ,s>gasso ,sea1 & :i* is said to h *e]$ ,columbus on 8 celebrat$ voyage ( discov]y4 ,9 ! tropical ,atlantic x cov]s imm5se areas ( ! ocean1 & x is occasionally ca/ a%ore on ! ,orkney coa/s1 drift$ hi!r by ! ,gulf ,/ream & ! we/]ly w9ds4 ,x is easily recogniz$ by its num]\s little r\nd air-bladd]s1 ea* on a sep>ate bran*4 ,n[ let u turn our att5tion to ! seawe$s :i* we f9d gr[+ on ! bea* ar\nd u4 ,9 _m a rock pool 9 ! 8ebb0 we may see a m9iature =e/ ( t9y we$s ( beautiful col\rs & =ms1 a v]itable ocean g>d54 ,ne> high-wat] m>k we f9d "h & !re 9 ! pools pretty gre5 alg1 "s ) broad1 flat fronds1 su* z ! sea-lettuce 7,ulva71 & o!rs ) sl5d] bran*+ fea!ry filam5ts 7,cladophora74 ,_m ( ! gre5 alg1 h[ev]1 pref] to live 9 fre% wat]4 ,if y make an aqu>ium1 y w f9d ! sea-lettuce & ! sea-grass 7,ent]omorpha7 ( great value 9 keep+ ! wat] pure1 ow+ to ! am\nt ( oxyg5 :i* !y give out4 ,f>!r d[n on ! bea* ! rocks are cov]$ ?ickly ) alg ( an olive-br[n col\r4 ,! rocks1 inde$1 w\ld f>e mu* worse 9 a /orm if ! seawe$s 7 n !re to protect !m1 z ! grass protects ! soil ( ! fields4 ,look m closely at ^? big br[n sea-wracks & y w notice t ! mo/ common k9d 7,fucus vesiculosus7 has little globul> air-bladd]s arrang$ 9 pairs along its flat1 smoo?-edg$ fronds4 ,ea* blade has a di/9ct midrib1 & :]e x divides1 l all ! ,fucus gr\p1 x splits into two equal bran*es4 ,on "s ( ! little end bran*es y may see a yell[i% swell+ dott$ ov] ) m9ute knobs & pores4 ,^! swell+s are receptacles = hold+ ! eggs & sp]ms1 :i* are conta9$ 9 t9y cavities "u ea* project+ knob4 ,_m seawe$s produce _! fruit 9 w9t]1 :5 ! l& plants are sleep+ & ! fields are b>e4 ,! microscopic sp]ms correspond to ! poll5 & ! eggs to ! ovules ( ! fl[]+ plants4 ,b !re is "o wond]ful diff]5ce4 ,! sp]ms ( ! ,fucus c move ab\t freely by means ( two little project+ ?reads or cilia4 ,:5 ! tide is out1 bo? eggs & sp]ms come to ! door ( _! little h\ses by ! help ( ! mucilage 9 :i* !y float2 & :5 ! sea comes back sw>ms ( ^! sp]ms swim away & wriggle ab\t1 till "o ( !m comes 9 contact ) an egg4 ,x adh]es to & fuses ) ! egg1 :i* ?us becomes f]tiliz$1 & is !n able to give rise to a "y plant4 ,a simil> process goes on 9 all ! plants ( ! ,fucus gr\p4 ,"h is "o ) not*$ or s]rat$ edges 7,fucus s]ratus71 & )\t air-bladd]s2 !re ano!r well kn[n to e s*oolboy z ! 8bell tang0 7,fucus nodosus71 ) l>ge air-bladd]s 9 ! c5tre l9e ( ! frond1 & yell[ fruit-bodies ea* on a bran* ( its own1 )\t any trace ( midrib4 ,! air-bladd]s ( ! seawe$s are natural buoys1 by means ( :i* ! plants are kept erect 9 ! wat]4 ,! mucilage :i* makes !m s slipp]y to walk ov] is ( ! utmo/ importance1 z x protects !m f dr\ght :5 !y are left uncov]$ by ! tide4 ,seawe$s are v simple 9 _! /ructure1 & h no true roots1 /ems1 or leaves4 ,!y d n ne$ su* organs1 = e "p ( _! body is 9 contact ) ! wat] :i* conta9s _! food-supply4 ,:at are ^? tufts ( r$di%-br[n ?reads gr[+ all ov] ! fronds ( ?is ,fucus8 ,t is a r$ seawe$ 7,polysiphonia71 :i* (t5 makes its home "u ! %elt] ( a m h>dy plant4 ,9 ! r$ alg ! sp]ms h no cilia1 & _c move ab\t ( !mselves1 b ! eggs h ea* a long ?read1 correspond+ to ! /igma ( ! high] plants1 & aga9/ ?is ?read ! sp]ms are driv5 by curr5ts ( wat]4 ,! little ,fucus kn[n z 8teet+ tang0 7,fucus canaliculatus7 ought n to be pass$ unhe$$4 ,x is (t5 mu* reli%$ by %eep & cattle4 ,y may "k x by its gre5i%-br[n col\r & by ! di/9ct groove on "o side all along its l5g?4 ,x is f\nd only 9 ! upp] "p ( ! 8ebb04 ,ano!r int]e/+ plant ( ?is gr\p may be f\nd on ! l>ge rocks ne>] l[-wat] m>k4 ,x is call$ ! 8sea-?ong0 7,himan?alia lorea71 because its fructification gr[s out f a button-%ap$ base into long1 =k$1 ?ong-l bran*es4 ,illu/ration3 ,common seawe$s4--,,ii4 ,f1 ,fucus canaliculatus4 ,g1 ,himan?alia lorea4 ,h1 ,lam9>ia digitata4 ,i1 ,rhodym5ia4 ,k1 ,*ondrus crispus4 ,l1 ,porphyra4 ,if ! tide is f> out1 we %all be able to see ! tops ( ! 8r$-w>e0 /&+ out ( ! wat]1 & "s ( ! tangles w be q dry4 ,^! tangles belong to ! ,lam9>ia gr\p1 ! giants among ! seawe$s4 ,!y conta9 a l>ge am\nt ( iod9e 9 _! composition1 & t is :y !y are us$ = ! manufacture ( kelp4 ,notice h[ firmly !y cl+ to ! sea-bottom by _! /rong holdfa/s1 :i* h wea!r$ _m a /orm4 ,an int]e/+ feature 9 ?is gr\p is _! mann] ( gr[?4 ,! gr[+ region lies at ! junction ( ! /alk ) ! blade4 ,y w (t5 f9d a specim5 9 :i* ! old blade is be+ pu%$ away on ! end ( ! "y "o1 ready to be brok5 (f & ca/ adrift by ! waves4 ,! /alk itself is p]5nial1 b 9 "s k9ds ( ,lam9>ia 7,lam9>ia digitata1 = example7 ! blade is usually torn into %r$s be=e x is ?r[n (f4 ,a well-kn[n ally ( ! tangles is ! 8m]kal10 also call$ 8honey-w>e40 ,y c tell x by ! prom95t midrib & ! broad1 ?9 w+ on ea* side1 runn+ all its l5g?4 ,?is is "o ( ! edible seawe$s4 ,d y see ?is bright r$ palmate plant gr[+ "u ! %elt] ( ! tangles8 ,x is ! common dulse 7,rhodym5ia palmata71 :i* may (t5 be se5 = sale on ! /reets ( our cities4 ,exam9e x well & ta/e x1 & y w be able to recognize x 9 future1 h[ev] mu* x may v>y 9 =m or col\r4 ,b d n eat too mu* ( x1 = x is said to be some:at indige/ible4 ,ano!r edible seawe$ :i* has be5 widely us$ z an invalid food may be f\nd 9 ! l[] "p ( ! 8ebb10 (t5 "u ! %elt] ( l>g] plants4 ,?is is ! ,iri% moss or c>rage5 7,*ondrus crispus74 ,x is fle%y & p9k 9 col\r4 ,a jelly is made f x :i* is consid]$ a great delicacy4 ,! purple lav] 7,porphyra7 is p]haps ! mo/ valuable ( ! seawe$s z a food1 & is said to sell at a high price 9 ,yokohama4 ,9 =m x resembles ! sea-lettuce4 ,_m o!r m>9e alg h be5 us$ z food1 & none ( !m are poison\s4 ,9 ,nor? ,ronaldsay ! %eep seem to e/eem !m highly z food4 ,! mo/ important use ( seawe$ is to s]ve z food = v>i\s k9ds ( molluscs1 cru/aceans1 & fi%es4 ,! 8plankton0 ( ! sea-surface--m9ute "o-cell$ alg--are v important 9 ?is way4 ,:at grass is to ! l& animals1 ! m>9e alg are to ! liv+ creatures ( ! sea4 ,:5 driv5 a%ore by ! waves1 or :5 cut d[n by ! once famili> 8hook10 ! l>g] seawe$s are mu* us$ z manure = field crops4 ,!y ?us repay ! debt !y owe = any portion ( _! food t may h come orig9ally f ! dry l&4 ,be=e return+ f our walk let u haul d[n ?is small boat f its 8n\/0 & take a bird's-eye view ( ! seawe$s 9 _! natural habitat4 ,?r\gh ! cle> wat] b5ea? u we c see ! /range %apes ( ! subm]g$ vegetation1 d5se & tangl$1 ) "h & !re a lazy sea-ur*9 on ! broad r$-w>e1 & ! sillocks actively swimm+ ar\nd4 ,b our o>s are entangl$ 9 ! 8drew0 7,*orda filum71 s full ( annoyance & ev5 ( dang] to ! swimm]4 ,look at "o ( ^? long ?reads4 ,x is cov]$ ) hairs2 x tap]s t[>ds bo? ends1 & its fructification ext5ds along its :ole surface4 ,9 /ructure x is a holl[ tube divid$ into _m *amb]s4 ,:at a v>iety ( col\rs & %ades we see z we look d[n on ?is wond]ful subm>9e sc5]y6 ,we notice t ne> high-wat] m>k gre5 is ! pr$om9ant col\r1 & t ! l[] belt is mo/ly br[n1 :ile "h at l[-wat] m>k & beyond x1 z well z "u ! %elt] ( ! sea-wracks & tangles1 %ades ( r$ prevail4 ,beyond ! dep? ( ?irty or =ty fa?oms seawe$s are extremely r>e1 ow+ to ! want ( light at ! sea-bottom3 seawe$s1 l o!r plants1 _c take 9 _! food 9 d>kness4 ,not)/&+ _! v>i$ t9ts1 ! fundam5tal col\r ( all seawe$s is gre51 z y c prove = y\rselves by boil+ a few br[n specim5s1 or soak+ !m = "s "t 9 fre% wat]4 ,y w f9d t ! o!r col\r+ matt]s are dissolv$ out1 & only ! gre5 is left4 ,! r$ or br[n pigm5ts are probably ( use 9 aid+ or 9 protect+ ! gre5 col\r+ matt]1 *lorophyll1 9 its important "w ( assimilat+ ! food mat]ial4 ,illu/ration ,,crabs4 ,:5 ,i 0 a boy at s*ool we frequ5tly amus$ ourselves by cat*+ crabs4 ,! sc5e ( our op]ations 0 ! ,pe]ie ,sea1 :]e a wall _h be5 built along ! %ore4 ,"h we us$ to ga!r1 arm$ ) a piece ( /r+ & bait ( "s k9d1 & we (t5 sp5t a :ole long ev5+ p]*$ on ! wall1 fi%+ = crabs4 ,! ,pe]ie ,sea 0 a receptacle = all k9ds ( refuse1 & =m$ a happy hunt+-gr\nd = sw>ms ( crabs4 ,:5 "o ?9ks ( cat*+ crabs1 "o may naturally imag9e an excursion to ! %ore dur+ ebb-tide1 & mu* turn+ ov] ( /ones & seawe$4 ,our me?od 0 q diff]5t4 ,we made ! crabs come to u4 ,our bait 0 a piece ( fi% or any?+ ( an animal nature1 provid$ x 0 fairly t\gh4 ,no hook 0 necess>y2 we simply ti$ ! end ( ! /r+ r\nd ! bait4 ,! bait$ l9e 0 let d[n into ! wat]1 pref]ably 9 ! vic9ity ( a crab1 & drawn sl[ly along ! bottom4 ,if ! animal 0 timid1 & n v hungry1 he (t5 scuttl$ (f 9 a fright4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 he 0 bo? hungry & fe>less1 & seiz$ ! bait at once1 try+ to drag x 9 among seawe$ or into a hole4 ,n[ came ! excit+ "p ( ! bus9ess4 ,our object 0 to haul him up be=e he quitt$ 8 hold4 ,! wall 0 high1 & he requir$ c>eful managem5t4 ,sometimes :5 he 0 drawn up out ( ! wat] he w\ld let g1 & fall back ) a flop into ! sea aga92 sometimes he w\ld hold on till he 0 drawn up ov] ! wall1 & !n we %ook him (f on ! pavem5t beh9d4 ,illu/ration3 ,common %ore crab4 ,occasionally :5 we _h no bait we w\ld manage to l& a crab ) a small /one or a c9d]4 ,s long z ! /one lies motionless on ! bottom he pays no att5tion to x4 ,z soon z x beg9s to move1 drawn along by ! /r+1 ! crab ru%es at x & seizes x ) 8 claws1 & x is "s "t be=e he f9ds out 8 mi/ake4 ,n infrequ5tly he w all[ himself to be drawn q out ( ! wat]1 cl++ to 8 f9d4 ,x is v amus+ to see ! crab worry+ a h>d /one1 !n dropp+ x :5 he has discov]$ x is n eatable1 & !n seiz+ x aga9 z x beg9s to move away f him1 j l a kitt5 ) a ball ( wool4 ,app>5tly he _c resi/ ! idea t movem5t means life4 ,! commone/ k9d ( crab 9 ,orkney is ! gre5 %ore-crab4 ,he is on ! :ole a bold animal1 b :5 fright5$ he runs away ) great spe$4 ,he moves sideways1 & ?us meets ) less resi/ance f ! wat] ?an if he 7 to move directly =w>d4 ,usually1 h[ev]1 he does n walk fa/1 b creeps ov] ! bottom 9 a leisurely fa%ion4 ,:5 seiz+ 8 food he comes up to x 8head on10 8 nipp+ claws held wide ap>t2 :5 he is ne> en\gh1 he sudd5ly br+s !m toge!r1 & beg9s to te> up ! food 9 little bits & pack x into 8 m\?4 ,8 eyes are plac$ on ! tip ( movable projections1 s t !y comm& a wide view4 ,he _c see beh9d him1 h[ev]1 or "u 8 body1 & he usually keeps 8 eyes fix$ 9 ! direction 9 :i* he is go+4 ,:5 he is re/+1 8 eyes are ev] on ! wat*4 ,e little movem5t on ! bea* ne> him he notices at once4 ,! crab has a peculi> me?od ( fe$+4 ,8 m\? is j "u 8 head1 & ! op5+ is gu>d$ by two flat jo9t$ plates1 "o on ea* side ( 8 m\?4 ,if y pull ^! two plates ap>t--aft] hav+ arrang$ ) a fri5d to hold 8 p9c]s--y c see :]e 8 m\? is1 & y may notice two /rong ?+s :i* look l tee?4 ,^! are really 8 jaws2 !y move f side to side1 & n up & d[n l our jaws4 ,to see h[ he fe$s1 y mu/ put him into a glass j>1 & look up f bel[ :ile he is eat+ a bit ( fi%4 ,he te>s x up ) 8 p9c]s1 & puts little bits into 8 m\?1 ! p>ts ( :i* move f side to side z he eats4 ,he is n v p>ticul> z to :at he eats4 ,he is1 inde$1 a cannibal1 & w eat ! cru%$ leg ( ano!r crab z readily z any?+ else4 ,he is "o ( ! mo/ useful animals on ! bea*1 h[ev]1 & has be5 call$ ! scav5g] ( ! %ore4 ,9 fact1 if "o wi%es to get ! fle% clean$ (f ! skeleton ( any l>ge animal1 !re is no easi] me?od ?an to lay x on ! bea*1 well bel[ high-wat] m>k1 & build /ones ar\nd x1 leav+ spaces betwe5 !m to admit crabs4 ,z we h already said1 ! crab is bold & fe>less4 ,he is safe 9 8 coat ( arm\r1 & 8 p9c]s are p[]ful weapons ( (f5ce & def5ce4 ,:5 fight+ he re>s himself up & ?r[s 8 nipp+ legs f> ap>t ) ! p9c]s wide op54 ,he !n looks a =midable animal2 & he really is =midable1 = ) ^! legs he c protect almo/ any "p ( 8 body1 & ! /r5g? ( 8 grip is consid]able4 ,take up a dead crab & exam9e 8 bit+ leg4 ,! diff]5t p>ts are jo9$ by h+es4 ,ea* h+e all[s ( motion only 9 "o plane1 b ! v>i\s planes are s adju/$ t ! limb c be mov$ 9 almo/ any direction4 ,only "o "p ( 8 body _c be t\*$ by 8 p9c]s1 & t is 8 back4 ,if y wi% to grasp a live crab ) impunity1 seize him across ! back j :]e 8 walk+ legs jo9 ! body4 ,he may /ruggle z he pleases1 b he _c nip y4 ,x is q a common ?+ to f9d a %ore crab ) "o or m legs want+1 or ) "o l>ge p9c] & "o small "o4 ,:at is ! reason ( ?is8 ,x means t at "o "t or o!r ! crab has _h a limb torn (f 9 a fight1 = ! males are cont9ually fight+ ) "o ano!r4 ,:5 a limb is lo/ x is n a v s]i\s matt]1 = a new limb soon beg9s to gr[ on aga91 & aft] a "t becomes z l>ge z ! lo/ "o4 ,!re are times1 h[ev]1 :5 ! crab is by no means pugnaci\s4 ,"o sometimes f9ds "u a /one a crab :i* has h>dly en\gh _s to lift 8 p9c]s 9 self-def5ce4 ,on t\*+ him "o f9ds t he is q s(t4 ,:at has happ5$ to him8 ,he has rec5tly be5 ca/+ 8 coat2 =1 z ! animal goes on gr[+ )9 8 %ell1 he becomes too big = x1 & ! only ?+ he c d is to bur/ ! %ell & come out ( x1 & !n wait = a bigg] "o to gr[4 ,:5 he is ?us m\lt+1 he is glad to crawl away & hide till he is able to face ! _w aga94 ,_m ( ! empty crab %ells t "o picks up on ! bea* are ! old ca/-(f clo!s ( crabs /ill alive & vigor\s4 ,by exam9+ "o ( ^! we c see h[ ?or\gh ! process ( m\lt+ is2 n only are ! %ells ( 8 back & 8 legs ?r[n (f1 b ! cov]+ ( 8 eyes1 8 feel]s1 8 m\? p>ts1 & ev5 ! inside l9+ ( 8 /oma*1--=1 /range to say1 ! wall ( 8 /oma* is l9$ ) ! same k9d ( %ell z ! outside ( 8 body4 ,! crab is =m$ = liv+ 9 wat]1 b he c /& long exposure to ! air4 ,if y cov] him ) damp g>d5 soil or peat m\ld he w survive = days4 ,! reason is t s long z 8 gills are kept damp he c brea! & live q well4 ,! lob/] brea!s 9 exactly ! same way1 & :5 lob/]s are be+ %ipp$ = ! s\!rn m>kets !y are put 9 boxes ) lay]s ( wet seawe$ to keep !m alive4 ,h y ev] se5 ! beautiful set ( gills :i* ! crab has8 ,if y f9d a dead crab t has be5 ly+ on ! bea* = "s little "t1 y c easily remove ! upp] %ell1 leav+ ! s(t p>ts ( ! body ) ! legs atta*$4 ,j above ! atta*m5t ( ! legs !re is a s]ies ( br[n fea!ry-look+ ?+s :i* seem to cov] ! :ole side ( ! body4 ,^! are ! gills4 ,!y lie 9 a special *amb]1 occupy+ ab\t half ( ! :ole space inside ! %ell4 ,:ile ! crab is alive1 ! gills are cont9ually ba!d 9 a curr5t ( wat]1 :i* is pump$ 9 ?r\gh a small hole at ! side ( 8 m\? & drawn out at ano!r hole ne> x4 ,if ! gills become dry ! animal soon dies4 ,!re is a curi\s po9t$ flap fold$ tightly across ! crab's body und]nea?1 :i* is commonly call$ its 8purse40 ,x us$ to be a s*oolboy belief t ! crab c>ries its money "h4 ,! fact simply is t ! purse is kept clos$ = ! sake ( protection1 z ! sk9 und]nea? x is s(t & might easily be injur$ 9 a fight4 ,y h all se5 ! long tail ( ! lob/]1 ) its broad flaps at ! end4 ,by sudd5ly b5d+ its tail und]nea? its body ! lob/] is able to propel itself backw>ds ?r\gh ! wat] at a great rate4 ,! crab & ! lob/] are1 z y may "k1 closely relat$1 & ! purse ( ! =m] corresponds to ! tail ( ! latt]4 ,! purse or tail ( ! crab1 h[ev]1 is always tuck$ up "u ! body1 & is nev] us$ = swimm+4 ,bo? animals c>ry _! eggs on ?is "p ( _! body1 & y may occasionally f9d a crab ) its purse s full ( eggs t x _c be clos$4 ,^! eggs h a curi\s hi/ory4 ,:5 !y are hat*$1 x is n a small crab t comes out1 b a funny little creature n 9 ! lea/ l its p>5t4 ,x has a r\nd$ body & a long ?9 tail1 & swims actively ab\t4 ,at ?is /age x is call$ a za4 ,by-&-by ! creature settles d[n to ! sea-bottom & ca/s its %ell4 ,its back is n[ broad] & its tail %ort]1 & x is provid$ ) claws2 b x is /ill q unlike a crab1 & swims freely ab\t4 ,x is n[ kn[n z a megalopa4 ,sw>ms ( ^! may be f\nd clu/]$ r\nd seawe$ & o!r float+ sub/ances1 bo? ne> ! %ore & 9 deep wat]4 ,z x gr[s x aga9 ca/s its %ell1 b x n[ tucks 9 its tail & settles d[n 9 life z a real crab1 ?\gh ( c\rse a v small "o z yet3 y may f9d scores ( !m on ! bea* n mu* bigg] ?an a split pea4 ,besides ! gre5 crab !re are o!rs :i* are common on ! sea-bea*4 ,"o ( ^! is ! edible crab or 8p>tan40 ,?is crab lives 9 some:at deep] wat] ?an ! o!r1 & is ( a d>k r$di% or purpli% hue on ! back1 :ile its "u p>ts are :ite4 ,x is n ne>ly s quick & active 9 its movem5ts z ! gre5 crab1 b :5 x does get hold ( any?+ x has a /rong] bite4 ,9 deep wat] x gr[s to a giant size1 & x is regul>ly caught 9 creels & sold = food1 z its fle% is firm & good to eat4 ,! fle% ( ! gre5 crab1 on ! o!r h&1 is mu* s(t] & less abundant1 & x is n us$ = eat+4 ,/rangely en\gh1 all crabs turn r$ :5 boil$1 :atev] _! col\r :5 alive4 ,ano!r curi\s crab is sometimes f\nd 9 we$y pools on ! bea*4 ,?is animal is ( a spid]y =m1 & is mu* m difficult to see ?an an ord9>y crab1 = he is elaborately disguis$4 ,8 back & legs are gr[n ov] ) hairy br[n seawe$1 & z he always lies among a mass ( simil> we$ x is impossible to detect him s long z he rema9s at re/4 ,:5 he does move1 8 movem5ts are extremely sl[4 ,if y take him out ( ! wat]1 he looks a mo/ unc\? creature z he feebly sprawls ab\t4 ,place him back 9 ! bun* ( seawe$ f :i* he 0 tak51 & he imm$iately adju/s himself s z to become invisible4 ,?is is 8 mode ( escap+ obs]vation1 = he is too sl[ & weak to be able to def5d himself4 ,/ill ano!r odd-look+ crab may be f\nd 9 deep wat]4 ,?is animal has r ?9 legs1 :ile its back is some:at pe>-%ap$1 ! po9t$ end be+ direct$ =w>ds4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a mu* m active animal ?an ! la/ m5tion$1 & we may (t5 see x f a boat z x climbs ab\t on ! broad blades ( ! tangles4 ,x is r>ely f\nd on ! bea*1 b ! ca/-(f %ell ( ! animal may be f\nd on almo/ any "p ( our %ores4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ ( our crabs is kn[n z ! h]mit-crab4 ,he belongs to ! family ( s(t-tail$ crabs1 & 9 %ape is m l ! lob/] ?an ! o!r crabs we h m5tion$4 ,! h9d] "p ( 8 body be+ )\t arm\r1 he is =c$ to seek an artificial def5ce1 & ?is he f9ds 9 ! empty %ell ( a :elk or 8buckie10 into ! spiral coils ( :i* he ins]ts 8 unprotect$ tail4 ,^! creatures are g5]ally call$ h]mit-crabs1 because ea* lives 9 8 own sep>ate habitation1 l a h]mit 9 8 cell or l ,diog5es 9 8 tub2 b unlike ^! 9 _! habits1 !y are s pugnaci\s t !y are also kn[n z soldi]-crabs4 ,illu/ration3 ,h]mit-crab 7) anemone on %ell74 ,h]mit-crabs may be f\nd pl5tifully on ! %ores1 ( v>i\s sizes1 & inhabit+ any k9d ( %ell t !y f9d to suit _! size4 ,if we look into a %all[ s&-bottom$ rock-pool1 we may see "s ( ^! %ells mov+ ab\t at a rate to :i* !y 7 q unaccu/om$ dur+ ! life ( _! build] & orig9al occupi]3 we "k at once t ea* ( ^! %ells has n[ z a t5ant "o ( ^? int]e/+ crabs4 ,by means ( an app>atus at ! extremity ( 8 tail ! h]mit holds firmly to 8 tempor>y abode1 & he flatt5s himself closely aga9/ ! %ell1 leav+ expos$ only ! "o l>ge p9c] :i* is specially fitt$ to b> ! door aga9/ intrud]s4 ,x is difficult to seize ! creature at all2 & ev5 :5 a grasp ( any portion c be secur$1 ! hold ( ! tail is s firm t ! animal runs "s risk ( be+ torn ap>t r ?an leave 8 %ell4 ,a well-kn[n writ] on ,natural ,hi/ory1 ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,wood1 has giv5 an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! h]mit-crab1 f :i* we quote ! foll[+ p>agraphs3-- 8,! combative prop5sities ( ^! creatures are wond]ful4 ,if two h]mits ( fairly equal size are plac$ 9 an aqu>ium1 !y are n cont5t ) appropriat+ diff]5t portions ( ! vessel to !mselves1 b mu/ ne$s travel ov] x & fight :5ev] !y meet4 ,?is /ruggle is con/antly r5ew$1 until "o ( !m discov]s 8 inf]iority & makes way :5ev] ! victor comes ne>4 ,:5 !y fight !y d s 9 e>ne/1 tumbl+ ov] ea* o!r1 & fl++ ab\t _! legs & claws ) great en]gy4 ,!y are n at all p>ticul> ab\t diet s long z x is ( an animal sub/ance1 & w eat molluscs1 raw meat1 or ev5 _! own species4 ,m ?an once :5 a h]mit has di$ ,i h dropp$ ! body into ! wat] s z to br+ x )9 view ( ano!r h]mit4 ,! little cannibal caught ! desc5d+ body 9 "o ( 8 claws v dext]\sly1 & hold+ x firmly ) "o claw he pick$ x to pieces ) ! o!r1 & put ea* morsel into 8 m\? 9 a rapid & sy/ematic mann] t 0 highly amus+40 8,:5 a h]mit desires to *ange 8 habitation1 he goes ?r\gh a curi\s s]ies ( p]=mances4 ,a %ell lies on ! gr\nd1 & ! h]mit seizes x ) 8 claws & 8 feet & twi/s x ab\t ) wond]ful dext]ity1 z if te/+ its weight2 & aft] hav+ exam9$ e portion ( its ext]ior1 he proce$s to satisfy himself ab\t its int]ior4 ,= ?is purpose he pu%es 8 =e legs z f> into ! %ell z !y w rea*1 & probes e spot t c be t\*$4 ,if ?is exam9ation satisfies him1 he :isks himself into ! new %ell ) su* rapidity t he seems to h be5 act$ ^u by a spr+4 ,su* a sc5e z ?is w n be witness$ 9 ! sea unless ! h]mit is =cibly depriv$ ( 8 %ell1 b :5 h]mits are plac$ 9 a tank or vase !y seem to be r fond ( #8flitt+4'0 ,illu/ration ,,hopp]s ,,& ,,%olties4 ,( ! great multitude ( diff]5t animals :i* live on ! sea%ore possibly ! mo/ num]\s are ! little creatures kn[n z 8%olties0 or 8,%etl& %olties40 ,!y are to be f\nd on almo/ e bea*4 ,_! peculi> %ape1 flatt5$ on ! sides1 _! habit ( hid+ 9 cr[ds "u /ones or seawe$1 _! int5se al>m :5 !y are sudd5ly expos$1 & _! vig\r 9 escap+ into a new hid+-place1 are kn[n to e s*oolboy4 ,!y look v diff]5t f _! pugnaci\s relatives1 ! crabs2 !y are feeble creatures1 m ready to escape f dang] ?an to (f] fight4 ,yet !y are mo/ int]e/+ little animals1 & ! m "o wat*es _! ways ! m "o comes to und]/& _! wond]ful adaptation to _! surr\nd+s4 ,?\gh _! g5]al appe>ance is q famili>1 x is n s commonly kn[n t !re are _m diff]5t v>ieties ( ^! creatures4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !re are scores ( diff]5t k9ds1 "s liv+ on ! bea*1 "s j bel[ extreme l[-wat] m>k1 & o!rs 9 ! deep sea4 ,we %all conc]n ourselves "h only ) ^? t live on ! bea*4 ,!re are ?ree common k9ds :i* e "o ought to "k4 ,two ( ^!1 curi\sly en\gh1 ?\gh bea* animals are n really sea animals4 ,!y are h>dly ev] 9 ! wat]2 !y live on ! fr+e ( bea* :i* lies j above high-wat] m>k4 ,! sea rea*es !m b r>ely1 & !y nev] volunt>ily seek ! wat]4 ,^! two k9ds are kn[n z ! %ore-hopp] 7,or*e/ia7 & ! s&-hopp] 7,talitrus71 ! latt] be+ f\nd mo/ly on s&y bea*es1 :]e !y make little burr[s 9 :i* to hide1 & ! =m] liv+ "u /ones or among ! decay+ seawe$ on /ony bea*es4 ,!y bo? get _! "n ( 8hopp]0 f _! habit ( leap+ or spr++ into ! air1 by means ( :i* !y (t5 avoid capture by enemies4 ,fr5* p call !m 8sea-fleas40 ,illu/ration3 ,%ore-hopp] 7,or*e/ia74 ,s&-hopp] 7,talitrus74 ,%oltie 7,gamm>us74 7,all magnifi$ ab\t ?ree times47 ,! ?ird v>iety1 :i* is probably be/ kn[n ( all1 & to :i* ! "n ( 8%oltie0 is "h m especially appli$1 is t :i* occurs f>!r d[n on ! bea* 9 places :i* are con/antly wet ) sea-wat]4 ,?is animal 7,gamm>us7 is mu* n>r[] 9 ! body ?an ! o!r two1 & "s ( its legs are b5t backw>ds along its side1 s t by means ( !m x c run or crawl on its side4 ,inde$1 :5 out ( ! wat] ?is creature 9 q unable to walk back upp]mo/2 :5ev] by any *ance x does succe$ 9 rais+ itself into :at is = mo/ animals ! normal attitude1 x imm$iately topples ov] on its side aga94 ,x c be readily di/+ui%$ f ! o!r two =ms by hav+ two pairs ( long1 delicate feel]s or ant5n 9 front ( its head2 ! hopp]s h only "o long pair ( ant5n & "o %ort pair4 ,all ^! animals1 9 spite ( _! small size1 are ne> allies ( ! crabs & lob/]s4 ,a naturali/ w\ld tell y t !y belong to ! gr\p ( ! ,cru/acea1 ?is "n be+ appli$ to all animals ( ! crab tribe on acc\nt ( ! firm1 crackly sk9 or %ell :i* surr\nds !m4 ,! ,cru/acea are m>k$ by o!r features 9 addition to ! possession ( ?is h>d ext]ior4 ,!y are all jo9t$ animals1 _! body be+ built up ( a s]ies ( segm5ts1 ea* ( :i* c>ries a pair ( legs or app5dages ( "s k9d1 ^! app5dages also be+ jo9t$4 ,9 ! crab & ! lob/] a numb] ( segm5ts h become fus$ or weld$ toge!r to =m ! front "p or body ( ! animal4 ,9 ! gr\p ( animals to :i* ! %olties belong ! segm5ts are all di/9ct4 ,to und]/& some?+ ( ! /ructure & ! g5]al habits ( ! %oltie1 all t we require to d is to collect a few specim5s f ! bea* & put !m 9 a sauc] ) a little sea-wat]4 ,!y w swim ab\t 9 a v active fa%ion1 ! swimm+ be+ p]=m$ by means ( little fan-l app5dages atta*$ to ! "u "p ( ! animal j :]e ! swimm]ets are 9 ! lob/]4 ,by ! vigor\s /rokes ( ^! app5dages ! animal =ces its way ?r\gh ! wat]4 ,^! app5dages are1 h[ev]1 ( use 9 ano!r way2 ! gills ( ! animal are atta*$ to !m4 ,ev5 :5 x is ly+ almo/ dry1 or 9 wat] too %all[ = swimm+1 ^! app5dages c be se5 to "w regul>ly & rhy?mically ) a g5tle flapp+ movem5t4 ,sometimes !y /op work+ = a little & !n beg9 aga91 b !y are nev] long at re/4 ,9 ?is way curr5ts ( wat] are made to ba! ! gills cont9ually1 & ! flapp+ ( ! app5dages is really a brea?+ movem5t4 ,! walk+ legs are atta*$ to ! =e "p ( ! body4 ,"s ( !m po9t backw>ds1 z has already be5 m5tion$1 & ! animal pref]s to crawl or run on its side4 ,z a rule1 too1 x propels itself ov] ! gr\nd by j]k+ movem5ts ( its body1 its tail be+ alt]nately curl$ up & !n sudd5ly /raight5$ out aga94 ,x is 9 ?is way t x wriggles ov] ! /ones & escapes into a place ( safety :5 expos$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic po9ts ab\t ! %oltie is its habit ( cl++ to objects1 especially if !y af=d a cov] f ! light4 ,drop a bit ( seawe$ into ! di% :]e !y are swimm+1 & 9 two or ?ree m9utes ! %olties w all be f\nd cl++ to ! "u surface ( ! we$4 ,we might inde$ imag9e t !y _h escap$ f ! sauc]4 ,!y clu/] l sw>m+ bees r\nd ! smalle/ blade ( seawe$1 & x is only by turn+ ov] ! we$ t we c make sure t !y are !re4 ,:5 expos$ to full daylight !y seem uncom=table1 & keep swimm+ ab\t try+ to f9d a hid+-place4 ,x is only :5 !y f9d some?+ to cl+ to & to hide "u t !y really re/ & feel at ease4 ,b we h n yet exam9$ ! hopp]s4 ,?\gh ext]nally s l ! %olties1 !y are v diff]5t 9 con/itution & habits4 ,to und]/& ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two classes ( animals1 ! be/ plan is to put ei!r a %ore-hopp] or a s&-hopp] into "s wat] along ) a %oltie4 ,! latt] is an active little animal 9 ! wat]1 capable ( mov+ ab\t l a fi%4 ,! hopp]1 on ! o!r h&1 is obvi\sly out ( 8 elem5t2 he s9ks to ! bottom ( ! di% & !re works 8 way along 9 lumb]+ fa%ion4 ,8 brea?+ organs c be se5 wav+ backw>ds & =w>ds 9 rhy?mical fa%ion1 b !y are too feeble to be us$ = swimm+4 ,! %ore-hopp] c brea! q well 9 wat]1 & may live 9 x = days4 ,x is said t s&-hopp]s d n /& long-cont9u$ imm]sion1 & die ( dr[n+4 ,on l&1 h[ev]1 ! hopp] is at home1 provid$ he gets j suffici5t moi/ure to keep 8 gills damp4 ,n only c he crawl ab\t back upp]mo/--a feat :i* ! ,gamm>us w\ld attempt 9 va9--b z he crawls he keeps 8 tail curl$ up "u 8 body1 & by sudd5ly /raight5+ ?is out he c ?r[ himself into ! air ) consid]able vig\r4 ,9 ?is way he (t5 n m]ely escapes f an enemy1 b ev5 drives t]ror into ! he>t ( ! pursu]4 ,x takes "s little "t to realize t hopp]s c be h&l$ ) impunity1 & are h>mless = all _! sudd5 j]ky movem5ts4 ,:y d ^! animals live on ! upp] fr+e ( bea*1 & :at d !y f9d !re to eat8 ,! answ] is simple4 ,!y live on ! ca/ up refuse ( ! sea2 !y are ! scav5g]s ( ! jetsam4 ,naturali/s :o are collect+ ! skeletons ( small animals (t5 put ! c>cases :i* !y wi% to h clean$ "u "s decay+ we$ on ! bea*4 ,aft] a week or a =tnight ! bones are f\nd to be pick$ absolutely clean4 ,9 ord] to tell ! s&-hopp] f ! %ore-hopp] we h only to look at 8 front feet4 ,if !y are all ?9 & sl5d]1 ! animal is a s&-hopp]2 if "o pair ( ! front feet are clubb$ at ! end & arm$ ) a claw1 we "k t he is a %ore-hopp]4 ,illu/ration ,,sea-,,anemones4 ,:5 ! tide ebbs & leaves ! rocks expos$ we may f9d "h & !re a few s(t1 r\nd$ objects atta*$ to ! b>e rock1 (t5 bright r$ 9 col\r1 & look+ l /rawb]ries or ripe *]ries4 ,!y are f\nd especially on ! %elt]$ sides ( high rocks & 9 ! angles =m$ by slight ridges & clefts4 ,we d n seem to h any local "n = ^! objects1 al?\gh !y are s common & conspicu\s2 "o wond]s :y our "n-inv5t+ =efa!rs did n be/[ on !m "s descriptive title4 ,_! ,engli% "n is 8sea-anemone10 a t]m d]iv$ f _! resemblance to ! anemone fl[]4 ,x is only :5 !y are cov]$ by ! wat]1 h[ev]1 t !y des]ve ! "n ( anemone1 = !n !y op5 out l a bud & spread out circles ( leaf-l projections1 mu* z an op5+ daisy or d&elion does4 ,!y usually rema9 op5 dur+ ! :ole "t t ! tide is up2 :5 ! wat] goes back aga9 ^! leaves all curl 9 t[>ds ! middle ( ! anemone & are fold$ up inside1 leav+ only a little dimple on ! top to indicate :]e !y h disappe>$4 ,sea-anemones1 h[ev]1 are by no means fl[]s4 ,_! jelly-l consi/5cy & _! habits w\ld lead u to classify !m z animals1 & ?is !y und\bt$ly are4 ,?\gh !y seem to be root$ to "o spot1 & to op5 & close l a plant1 _! real habits are ^? ( an animal4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !y are c>nivor\s animals2 !y fir/ kill _! victims by poison+ !m1 & aft]w>ds dev\r !m4 ,if !y _h ! p[] ( mov+ rapidly 9 pursuit ( prey1 !y w\ld be z deadly to ! g5]al population ( ! bea* z are ! mo/ v5om\s snakes to ! creatures on l&4 ,z x is1 !y acc\nt = a v consid]able numb] ( ! bea* inhabitants by simply ly+ 9 wait & grasp+ ! little animals t happ5 to /ray )9 _! rea*4 ,illu/ration3 ,sea-anemones4 ,! beautiful circles ( leaflets :i* we see s regul>ly arrang$ are really active grasp+ t5tacles1 arm$ ) :ole batt]ies ( little poison\s /+s4 ,) ^! t5tacles !y seize hold ( any little creature1 su* z a 8%oltie0 or a "y crab1 t happ5s to move ov] !m4 ,! poor animal is held fa/ 9 spite ( all its /ruggles1 t5tacle aft] t5tacle is br\ght up by ! anemone to grasp x1 :ile hundr$s ( f9e /++ d>ts dis*>ge into x _! poison1 & ! victim1 its /ruggles gradually becom+ m & m feeble1 is ultimately drawn into ! c5tre ( ! animal1 :]e lie its m\? & its /oma*4 ,!n ! t5tacles are all clos$ 9 ov] ! prey1 & rema9 ?us clos$ = a "t--a day or sev]al days1 accord+ to ! size ( ! animal caught4 ,dur+ ?is "t ! process ( dige/ion is go+ on1 & :5 x is complet$ ! skeleton & useless p>ts ( ! animal are dis*>g$ by ! same op5+ z t by :i* x 0 tak5 91 & ! anemone once m spreads its t5tacles to wait = its next victim4 ,x is n only liv+ animals t ! anemone w dev\r4 ,any?+ ( animal nature1 dead or alive1 is gri/ to its mill2 & ?\gh x has no eyes1 x c q well di/+ui% :at is good = food4 ,a wav+ bran* ( seawe$ borne t[>ds x by curr5ts 9 ! wat] is q ignor$1 :ile a bit ( fle% is nev] all[$ to come 9 contact ) ! t5tacles )\t an ef=t be+ made to secure x4 ,by "s natural p[]1 :e!r by ! s5se ( smell or ( ta/e or by "s o!r s5se unkn[n to u1 ! creature di/+ui%es unfail+ly :at x ne$s4 ,x is great fun to fe$ x ) small portions ( limpet or ( :elk1 & by do+ s "o c see exactly h[ ! process ( fe$+ is c>ri$ on4 ,"o might imag9e t ! anemone w\ld easily fall a prey to l>g] & /rong] animals4 ,x has no h>d sk9 or %ell to protect x1 & its beautiful jelly-l appe>ance w\ld sugge/ to any hungry fi% or crab t x is n only easy to demoli% b w\ld =m a juicy morsel4 ,yet x does n seem to be 9 any dang] f su* enemies4 ,i 0 once amus+ myself by ?r[+ little pieces ( bait into ! sea among a cr[d ( sillocks4 ,along ) ! bait1 :i* consi/$ ( limpet & fi%1 ,i ?rew 9 a morsel ( "o ( ^! r$ anemones4 ,a bold "y sillock imm$iately snapp$ x up4 ,!n some?+ seem$ to g wrong1 = ! poor "y fi% sudd5ly %ot ! anemone out ( its m\? & swam (f )\t s mu* z look+ at ! o!r bait :i* ,i ?rew all r\nd ab\t x4 ,! piece ( anemone 0 less palatable ?an x look$4 ,/rangely en\gh an anemone is n mu* inconv5i5c$ by be+ cut into bits4 ,! individual pieces if put into ! sea aga9 close up & gr[ into new animals4 ,no d\bt ! piece :i* ! sillock swall[$ 0 fully alive1 & /ung ! m\? & ?roat ( its captor s sev]ely t ! fi% 0 only too glad to be rid ( x4 ,all anemones are n r$ 9 col\r l ^? ( :i* we h be5 speak+4 ,!re is a great numb] ( diff]5t k9ds ( ^! creatures r\nd our %ores1 b mo/ ( !m are only to be f\nd by c>eful se>*+4 ,"s are f\nd 9 rock-pools2 ^! are g5]ally col\r$ m or less l ! seawe$s 9 ! pools4 ,o!rs are f\nd only 9 d>k places2 "u l>ge /ones or b\ld]s ne> l[-wat] m>k !y gr[ 9 all attitudes--upright1 sideways1 & upside d[n--atta*$ by _! base to ! surface ( ! /one4 ,! greate/ v>iety ( !m ,i ev] saw 0 f\nd among ! /ones ( a little jetty or pi]1 :i* 0 be+ tak5 d[n to make room = a l>g] pi]4 ,! "u surface & ! sides ( ! /ones on ?is pi] 7 simply cov]$ ) anemones ( all sizes1 %apes1 & col\rs4 ,! v>i\s k9ds ( anemone diff] n only 9 col\r b also 9 size & %ape4 ,"s are m9ute ?+s1 ) a ?9 body or /alk cr[n$ at ! top ) long1 f9e t5tacles1 :i* !y wave ab\t actively ?r\gh ! wat] 9 se>* = small prey4 ,o!rs aga9 are l>ge1 & "o k9d1 kn[n z ! dahlia1 :i* is common 9 ,orkney1 atta9s to gigantic proportions2 :5 its t5tacles are exp&$ x is z wide across ! top z ! m\? ( a l>ge breakfa/ cup4 ,! dahlia is v>i\sly col\r$1 sometimes d>k crimson1 ! t5tacles be+ m>k$ ) broad r+s ( crimson & :ite1 sometimes gre5 ) r$ m>k+s4 ,! outside ( its body is usually cov]$ ) bits ( gravel & brok5 %ells1 s t :5 ! animal closes up !re is no?+ to be se5 b a r\nd$ heap ( gravel4 ,:5 op5 x is a magnific5t creature1 & its broad1 tap]+ t5tacles %9e ) an iridesc5t light4 ,illu/ration3 ,dahlia anemone4 ,"p ,,iv4--,leg5d & ,lay4 ,,! ,,old ,,gods4 ,9 ! nor? ( ,europe !re liv$ long ago t race ( p :om we "k z ! ,norsem5--tall1 fair-hair$ m51 /rong & w>like1 & z mu* at home on sea z on l&4 ,!y came to ,brita9 9 great numb]s at diff]5t times1 & _m ( !m settl$ !re4 ,we read ( !m sometimes z ,vik+s1 sometimes z ,danes1 & sometimes z ,normans4 ,! ,saxon settl]s ( a /ill e>li] "t 7 ( ! same k9dr$4 ,we h already told ! /ory ( _! settlem5t 9 ,orkney1 & ( ! e>ldom :i* !y e/abli%$ !re4 ,ev]y?+ t we c f9d out ab\t ?is wond]ful race ( sea-rov]s & w>riors is ( int]e/ to u2 = :ile mo/ ( ! l[l& dwell]s ( ,scotl& & ,engl& h "s ,norse blood 9 _! ve9s1 we :o live 9 ^! nor!rn isl&s reg>d ourselves z ! l9eal desc5dants ( ^? ,vik+s4 ,be=e ! ,norsem5 became ,*ri/ians1 !y believ$ 9 _m gods & goddesses4 ,!y _h gods ( ! sky & ( ! sea1 ( spr+ & ( summ]1 ( ?und] & lightn+1 ( fro/ & ( /orm4 ,_m a /range tale !y told ( ! do+s ( _! gods1 & mo/ ( ^? tales are really pictures ( ! processes t take place 9 nature--( ! w>s betwe5 w9d & sea1 betwe5 light & d>kness1 & betwe5 sun & fro/4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 !y believ$1 !re 0 ! great ,_s1 ! ,creator4 ,( him !y h no tales to tell4 ,!n ! _w 0 made--or r ! worlds1 = ! ,norsem5 ?\ght t besides ?is _w ( m5 !re 7 a _w ( ! gods1 a _w ( ! giants1 & o!r worlds4 ,betwe5 ,asg>d1 ! home ( ! gods1 & ,midg>d1 ! _w ( m51 a beautiful bridge 0 built1 :i* we call ! ra9b[4 ,od9 0 ! highe/ ( ! gods4 ,he 0 ! god ( wisdom & ( victory1 & ! fri5d ( h]oes4 ,m5 spoke ( him z tall & /rong1 ) long1 fl[+ hair & be>d1 & we>+ a wide blue mantle fleck$ ) :ite1 z ! blue sky is fleck$ ) fleecy cl\ds4 ,on 8 %\ld]s sat two rav5s1 ,?\ght & ,memory4 ,!y roam$ ov] ! _w e day1 & came back at night to :isp] 9 8 e> all !y _h se5 & he>d4 ,at 8 feet cr\*$ two wolves1 :i* he f$ ) 8 own h&4 ,od9 _h ?ree palaces 9 ,asg>d4 ,"o ( ^! 0 ,valhalla1 ! home ( h]oes2 & hi!r came at _! dea? all ! brave m5 ,od9 lov$ s well4 ,he s5t =? beautiful maid5s to hov] ov] e field ( battle1 & to c>ry home to ,valhalla ^? :o fell 9 ! fight4 ,9 ,valhalla ! brave liv$ = ev]4 ,!y sp5t _! days 9 fight+1 z !y _h lov$ to d on e>?2 b e ev5+ ! w>riors return$ to ! hall ( fea/+1 unhurt1 & ! be/ ( fri5ds4 ,su* 0 ! ,norsem5's idea ( a heav5 = h]oes4 ,od9 gave m5 wisdom z well z c\rage4 ,only ?r\gh suff]+1 h[ev]1 did he become ! god ( wisdom4 ,x happ5$ on ?is wise4 ,f> bel[ ! _w ( ! giants 0 a cry/al spr+ :i* wat]$ ! roots ( ! tree ( life--a great tree rea*+ up to heav54 ,?is well 0 ! f\nta9 ( wisdom1 & :oev] drank ( x became wise4 ,x 0 gu>d$ by a giant call$ ,mimir1 or ,memory4 ,mimir 0 old] ?an ! gods1 & wis] ?an !y1 = he rememb]$ all ?+s4 ,od9 w5t d[n bel[ ! _w ( ! giants "o day1 & he said to ,mimir1 8,give me a dr9k ( ! cle> wat] ( y\r well40 8,ah10 said ,mimir1 8?is wat] is nev] giv5 to any except at a great price4 ,y mu/ be will+ to give up ! mo/ preci\s ?+ y possess be=e y c dr9k at ,mimir's f\nta940 8,be x s10 repli$ ,od92 8,i w give :atev] y ask40 ,mimir look$ at him1 admir+ 8 c\rage1 & at l5g? repli$1 8,if y w\ld dr9k1 y mu/ leave ) me "o ( y\r eyes40 ,?is 0 a great price to pay1 b ,od9 did n fl9*4 ,he drank ( ! f\nta91 & came back to ,asg>d ) only "o eye1 b he _h won ! wisdom he desir$4 ,?or 0 ! god ( ?und]2 he 0 ! *ampion ( ! gods1 & def5d$ ,asg>d aga9/ ! giants4 ,8 0 ! l>ge/ palace 9 ,asg>d2 x _h five hundr$ & =ty halls & _m great doors1 & 0 call$ by a "n :i* means ,lightn+4 ,?or wore a cr[n ( />s ^u 8 head1 & rode 9 a *>iot drawn by two goats1 f ^: ho(s & tee? fla%$ sp>ks ( fire4 ,to ,?or belong$ ?ree v preci\s ?+s4 ,! fir/ 0 8 mighty hamm]1 ) :i* he f\ght ! fro/ giants4 ,! second 0 8 belt ( /r5g?3 :5 he gird$ himself ) ?is 8 /r5g? 0 d\bl$4 ,! ?ird 0 8 iron gauntlet3 ) ?is he grasp$ 8 fam\s hamm]1 :i* he made r$-hot :5 he f\ght ! giants4 ,loki 0 ! _s ( evil & mis*ief4 ,hav+ be5 bani%$ f ,asg>d = 8 wick$ness1 he liv$ _m ye>s 9 giant-l&1 rejoic+ 9 8 evil de$s4 ,he _h ?ree *ildr51 ea* z full ( evil z himself4 ,s mu* mis*ief did !y "w t ,od9 look$ d[n f ,asg>d ) a grave c\nt5ance4 8,?is mu/ n be10 he said2 8,loki's *ildr5 w fill ! _w ) evil40 ,s ,od9 f>$ =? to giant-l&4 ,"o ( ! evil brood he s5t to ! "u _w ( d>kness1 & "o he ?rew into ! sea4 ,! ?ird1 ,f5ris ! wolf1 0 s /rong t ,od9 sp>$ him4 8,if he 7 to live ) ! gods10 he said1 88 /r5g? might be turn$ to good in/ead ( ill40 ,s he took ,f5ris ! wolf up to ,asg>d1 to see :e!r he w\ld le>n goodness ) 8 /r5g?4 ,:o among ! gods w\ld c>e = ! wolf-_s8 ,brave ,tyr 0 ready ) ! answ]4 8,fa!r ,od910 he cri$1 8,i delight 9 /r5g?4 ,let me h ! *>ge ( ?is fi]ce fell[2 ,i c>e n if ! task be h>d & dull40 ,s ,f5ris became 8 *>ge4 ,he f$ him ) %eep & ox51 & took him ) him ^u 8 j\rneys4 ,b ,f5ris did n le>n ! ways ( ! gods4 ,8 muscles 7 l iron1 & 8 tee? /rong] ?an /eel1 b 8 he>t rema9$ savage & cruel4 ,"o night ,od9 call$ ! gods toge!r4 8,sons10 he said1 8,i h look$ ^u ,f5ris1 & se5 8 cruel /r5g?4 ,!re is no love 9 8 eyes1 & no ?\ght ( good 9 8 he>t4 ,day by day he becomes /rong] = evil4 ,we mu/ b9d him1 or he w de/roy u40 ,!y li/5$1 & saw t ! c\nsel ( ,od9 0 good4 8,come ) me10 said ,?or ! mighty2 8,i w =ge a *a9 t w hold him fa/40 ,all night long ! gods wat*$ ,?or toil+ at 8 anvil1 deal+ great bl[s ^u ! gl[+ iron1 & s5d+ sp>ks l %oot+-/>s ?r\gh ! d>kness4 ,:5 morn+ came ! massive *a9 0 f9i%$4 8,come1 ,f5ris10 call$ ,?or1 8y are /rong2 let u see y break ?is *a9 :i* ,i h made40 ,f5ris all[$ !m to b9d him ) ! heavy l9ks3 :5 !y _h done s1 he /ret*$ 8 huge limbs1 & ! ?ick iron snapp$ l a ?read ( silk4 ,! gods kept sil5ce z ,f5ris walk$ away4 ,aga9 ,?or l$ !m to 8 =ge2 aga9 he toil$ all night1 hamm]+ & %ap+ great b>s ( /eel4 ,:5 morn+ came1 ano!r *a9 0 ready1 t5 times /rong] ?an ! fir/4 ,b ?is *a9 also snapp$ l a spid]'s ?read be=e ! might ( ,f5ris4 ,! gods once m sat 9 c\ncil1 & ,od9's face 0 grave4 8,great inde$ is ! p[] ( evil10 said ! ,all-wise1 8b ! p[] ( good mu/ be great] /ill4 ,sons1 let u call to our aid ! skill ( ! dw>fs4 ,tyr %all tell !m ( our ne$1 & !y w help u to b9d ! enemy40 ,l an arr[ f ! b[1 ,tyr sp$ f ,asg>d to ! cave ( ! dw>fs1 ! skilful work]s 9 gold & gems1 & gladly !y l5t _! aid to ,fa!r ,od94 ,?ree nights !y toil$ 9 ! d>kness1 & !n !y br\ght to ,tyr a delicate *a9 :i* might h be5 spun f a cobweb4 8,"h is ?y *a91 ,o ,tyr10 !y said4 8,fi]ce ,f5ris _c escape f its b&s40 ,:5 ,tyr came back to ,asg>d1 ,f5ris 0 call$ once m to te/ 8 /r5g?4 ,he look$ on ! delicate ?read1 & he trembl$2 yet he w\ld n seem to be afraid4 8,if "o ( y w place 8 h& 9 my m\?1 s t !re may be fair play1 ,i w let y b9d me10 he repli$4 ,! gods look$ 9 "o ano!r's faces4 ,:o w\ld d>e ! p[] ( ! wolf8 ,brave ,tyr /epp$ =w>d & put 8 arm betwe5 ! wolf's jaws4 ,! t9y *a9 0 w\nd r\nd ,f5ris4 ,he rose to /ret* himself & %ake x (f1 b x held him fa/4 ,) a wild h[l he gna%$ 8 tee? toge!r1 & ,tyr /ood be=e ! gods )\t 8 /rong "r arm4 ,!n a great %\t arose 9 ,asg>d1 8,hail to ,tyr6 he has giv5 8 "r h& to save ! _w f evil40 ,x 0 e*o$ f ! hills1 & rang ?r\gh ! caves ( ! dw>fs4 8,! *a9 ( ! dw>fs is mighty10 !y said1 8b /rong] is ! brave he>t ( ,tyr40 ,s wisdom & goodness toge!r 7 m ?an a mat* = /r5g? & evil4 ,baldur 0 ! god ( light4 ,he 0 ! faire/ ( all t dwelt 9 ,asg>d1 ! be/ belov$ ( gods & m54 ,:]ev] he w5t he c>ri$ ) him t k9dness & love :i* is to ! he>t ( man :at light is to ! sky4 ,e "o lov$ him b ,loki2 ! _s ( evil hat$ ! goodness t 0 9 ,baldur4 ,baldur's palace 0 ! home ( all t 0 bright & pure4 ,x 0 built ( ! blue ( ! sky & ! cle> cry/al ( runn+ wat]4 ,"h he liv$ 9 peace1 = no evil ?+ c\ld ent]4 ,b ,baldur became sad & tr\bl$1 = he dream$ t 8 life 0 9 dang]4 ,!n 8 "m w5t abroad ov] ! :ole _w1 & made ev]y?+ promise n to hurt ,baldur4 ,:o w\ld h>m ! beautiful god8 ,e>?1 air1 & wat]1 bea/s & birds1 & plants & fl[]s--all ?+s promis$ nev] to hurt him4 ,s 8 "m return$ to ,asg>d ) joy1 b /ill ,baldur 0 sad4 ,!n ! gods inv5t$ a k9d ( game to *e] 8 he>t4 ,!y made him /& 9 ! mid/ :ile !y ?rew at him weapons & all hurtful ?+s1 to %[ t no?+ c\ld d him h>m2 & ?us !y amus$ !mselves _m days4 ,9 ! meantime ,loki disguis$ himself z an old woman1 & w5t to ,baldur's "m4 ,he said he m>vell$ t ,baldur 0 n hurt1 & !n ! "m told him ( ! promise :i* all ?+s _h made nev] to h>m h] son4 8,:at6 h all ?+s promis$ ?is80 ask$ ,loki4 8,yes10 0 ! reply2 8all ?+s h promis$ except "o weak little plant1 ! mi/letoe1 :i* gr[s f> away1 & :i* ,i did n ?9k x wor? :ile to ask40 ,loki rejoic$ 9 8 evil he>t :5 he he>d ?is4 ,he hurri$ to ! place :]e ! mi/letoe grew1 & pluck$ a twig ( x1 :i* by 8 magic he made into a spe>4 ,!n he came back to ,asg>d1 :]e ! gods 7 play+ _! game ( ?r[+ spe>s at ,baldur4 8,:y d y n jo9 9 ! game80 he ask$ "o ( ! gods4 8,because ,i am bl9d10 he repli$4 8,= ! hon\r ( ,baldur y %\ld ?r[ a spe> at him10 ,loki w5t on4 8,i h no spe> to ?r[10 answ]$ ! bl9d god4 ,!n ,loki put into 8 h& ! mi/letoe spe>1 & help$ him to aim x4 ,! spe> pi]c$ ,baldur ?r\gh ! he>t1 & he fell dead4 ,!n !re 7 grief & ang] 9 ,asg>d2 weep+ & m\rn+ 7 he>d = ! fir/ "t among ! gods4 ,od9 s5t a message to ! daught] ( ,loki1 :o rul$ ov] ! _w ( ! dead1 & ask$ h] to set ,baldur free4 ,%e repli$ t he w\ld be set free if e liv+ ?+ w\ld weep = him2 b if a s+le creature refus$ to weep1 he c\ld n return4 ,!n ! gods w5t ?r\gh all ! e>?1 & pray$ all ?+s liv+ to weep = ,baldur4 ,"o old woman alone refus$1 & s ,baldur c\ld n be set free4 ,! old woman 0 no o!r ?an ,loki1 :o _h tak5 ?is =m 9 ord] to hide himself4 ,aft] ! dea? ( ,baldur came a gloomy "t 9 ,asg>d4 ,! gods _h fi]ce w>s ) ! fro/-giants1 & 7 defeat$4 ,?is "t is call$ 8! twilight ( ! gods40 ,b ev5 !n !y look$ =w>d to a bett] "t :i* 0 to come1 :5 ,baldur %\ld return1 & all %\ld be light & joy & peace4 ,?us ! old ,norsem5 gave u ! beautiful tale ( ,baldur1 ! sun-god4 ,:5 ! days are %ort 9 w9t]1 ! "t ( ! mi/letoe1 ,baldur is dead2 b :5 spr+ returns1 ! w> ) ! fro/-giants is ov]1 & ,baldur returns ) light & joy to ! nor!rn l&s4 ,a ,,vani%+ ,,isl&4 ,eynhall[--! 8holy isl&0--lies 9 ! middle ( ! fi]ce tideway t sep>ates ! ,orcadian ma9l& f ,r\say1 ! ,hrolfsey ( ! ,sagas4 8,eynhall[ frank1 ,eynhall[ free1 ,eynhall[ /&s 9 ! middle ( ! sea2 ,) a ro>+ roo/ on e side1 ,eynhall[ /&s 9 ! middle ( ! tide40 ,s runs an old isl& rhyme1 & surely nev] 0 !re an isl& s beat5 ^u & %\t$ r\nd by ! angry tides4 ,x sets a black front ( jagg$ rocks to ! ,atlantic on ! we/1 & ! great bill[s1 ru%+ on ! rocks1 s5d sp\ts ( spray high 9 ! air1 to :irl ea/w>d ov] ! gradual slope ( ! isle4 ,all day long ! tide sweeps pa/ on ei!r side1 boil+ & eddy+ l a swift & deep riv]4 ,:5 ! w9d is 9 ! nor?-we/ & a /rong ebb-tide is runn+1 !n is ! "t to see ! roo/s 9 all _! glory2 = ! inroll+ ocean swell meets ! outru%+ tide 9 ! n>r[ *annels1 & ! :ite waves leap & ro> z if "s 8wall[+ mon/] sp\t$ ,8 foam f\nta9s 9 ! sea40 ,to see ?is mad turmoil ( ! roo/ on a wild w9t] day is /range & t]rible2 b :5 ! :ite break]s %\t & toss !mselves 9 ! sunlight ( a /ill ,june morn+ !re is a p>adoxical *>m 9 ! sudd5 outbur/ ( leap+1 sp>kl+ foam amid ! blue wat]s1 unruffl$ ( any w9d1 t ! wilde/ /orm ( w9t] c nev] claim4 ,!re is an ev5 /rong] fasc9ation 9 ! swift1 d>k1 sil5t ru% ( ! tides1 ceaseless along ! %ores1 sweep+ 9 ) ! flood & :irl+ out aga9 ) ! ebb1 & ) ! little gre5 isle 9 _! mid/ sett+ its /eep front to ! angry ocean1 b %elt]+ ) its two long ea/w>d po9ts a quiet s&y bay :]e no curr5t ev] comes4 ,all along ! coa/1 on ei!r side ( ,eynhall[ ,s\nd1 are l[ gre5 m\nds1 m>k+ ! places :]e once 7 ! homes ( ! prehi/oric ,orcadians1 t ,celtic or ,picti% race :i* ! conqu]+ ,norsem5 de/roy$ s completely t !re is n 9 all ! place-names ( ! isles any trace ( _! =gott5 tongue4 ,amid/ su* surr\nd+s1 "o has only to look at ,eynhall[ to "k t x mu/ h ga!r$ leg5d & tradition 9 ! long ye>s4 ,9 ,r\say !re /ill l+]s a tale ( ! break+ ( ! spell t held ,eynhall[ sea-b\nd2 = 8once ^u a "t0 ! isle 0 en*ant$1 & visible to human eyes only at r>e int]vals4 ,x w\ld rise sudd5ly out ( ! sea1 & vani% z sudd5ly be=e any mortal c\ld rea* x4 ,& if any "o %\ld feel incl9$ to d\bt ?is tale1 c we n po9t him to ! isle ( ,hea!r-,blea!r1 :i* is /ill held by ! spell ( ! sea-folk1 & appe>s & disappe>s ev5 unto ?is day8 ,:5 ,eynhall[ 0 /ill a vani%+ isl&1 x became kn[n 9 ,r\say t if any man1 see+ ! isle1 %\ld hold /eel 9 8 h& &1 tak+ boat1 g out ?r\gh ! tides1 nev] look+ at aught b ! isl&1 nor ev] lett+ g ! /eel till he leap$ on to its virg9 %ore1 t man %\ld break ! spell & w9 ! isle f ! sea-folk = 8 own p4 ,aft] _m failures--& :o c tell h[ _m a brave he>t w5t d[n ! tide to ! sea-tr[s 9 t p]il\s v5ture8--!re came at la/ ! h\r & ! man2 ! vani%+ isle 0 won f ! wat]s1 & left /&+ 89 ! middle ( ! tide40 ,if !re be yet any man brave en\gh to try ! adv5ture ( ! vani%+ isl&1 ,hea!r-,blea!r awaits 8 com+4 ,i h nev] met any p]son :o w\ld confess to hav+ se5 t my/]i\s isle1 b _m ( ! dwell]s by ! roo/s h spok5 to ^? :o saw x rise gre5 out ( ! wat]s4 ,?is isl& is ! home ( ! ,f9-m5 or ,sea-m5 7n to be too ra%ly id5tifi$ ) ! sea-tr[s71 a race ( be+s :o play a prom95t "p 9 ,orcadian folk-lore4 ,9 ,r\say !y tell ( a maid5 my/]i\sly rapt f ! hillside ov] ! sea1 & s\ght 9 va9 by h] k9dr$4 ,long ye>s aft]1 8:5 grief 0 calm & hope 0 dead10 ! lo/ girl's fa!r & bro!rs 7 at sea 9 _! fi%+-boat1 :5 !re roll$ d[n ^u !m "o ( ^? d5se banks ( sea-fog s common 9 ! ,nor? 9 summ]4 ,! fi%]m5 knew n :]e !y 71 b sail$ on until _! boat gr\nd$ on an isl& :i* at fir/ !y took to be ,eynhall[4 ,!y soon f\nd1 h[ev]1 t !y 7 on an isl& !y _h nev] se5 be=e1 & on go+ up to a 8:ite h\se0 !y f\nd 9 ! 8guid-wife0 :o admitt$ !m _! long lo/ daught] & si/]4 ,%e welcom$ !m1 & 9 a little "t h] husb& & 8 bro!r came 9 f ! sea 9 8wisps0 7! local "n = great rolls ( hea!r 8simmons10 or ropes1 us$ 9 ?at*+ h\ses74 ,o!rs say t !y came 9 ! guise ( seals1 & ca/ (f _! sk9s4 ,be t z x may1 !y treat$ _! human connections well & hospitably4 ,:5 ! "t came = ! m5 to leave = home1 ! woman refus$ to accompany !m1 b %e gave h] fa!r a knife1 & told him t s long z he kept x he c\ld come to ! isle ( ! wat]s :5ev] he pleas$4 ,j z ! boat put to sea ! knife slipp$ f ! old man's h& into ! wat]2 9 a mom5t ! fog swall[$ ! isl&1 & no man has set foot on x s9ce4 ,9 summ] & autumn ev5+s1 :5 ! sea-fog comes roll+ up 9 great banks f ! ,atlantic1 & ! we/]+ sun fills ! holl[s betwe5 ) fanta/ic lights & %ad[s--:5 ! isl&s seem all to %ift & *ange1 appe>+ & disappe>+ among ! huge masses ( :ite vap\r1 x requires no v /rong imag9ation to see once m ! gre5 isle ( ,hea!r-,blea!r rid+ ! wat]s1 real & solid z its si/] ( ,eynhall[1 won s long s9ce f ! sea-folk4 ,( its old en*antm5t ! isles-folk say t ,eynhall[ /ill reta9s "s small "p4 ,no /eel or iron /ake1 su* z are us$ = te!r+ cattle1 w rema9 9 its soil aft] sunset4 ,( _! own motion !y leap f ! gr\nd at ! mom5t :5 ! sea swall[s ! sun4 ,!n1 aga91 no rat or m\se c live ^u ! isl&1 & x is n long s9ce x 0 usual to br+ boatloads ( e>? f ,eynhall[ to lay "u ! f\ndations ( new h\ses1 & "u ! corn-/acks 9 ! f>my>d4 ,x 0 firmly believ$ t ?r\gh ! *>m$ e>? no m\se or rat c\ld pass4 ,,duncan ,j4 ,,rob]tson 7,! ,scots ,magaz9e74 ,by ,p]mission4 ,s9ce ! prec$+ article fir/ appe>$1 a v int]e/+ discov]y has be5 made on ,eynhall[1 :i* may help to expla9 bo? ! "n ( ! isl&--! 8,holy ,isle0--& ! exi/5ce ( s _m sup]natural leg5ds reg>d+ x4 ,ref]5ces are made 9 ! ,sagas to a mona/]y 9 ,orkney 9 ,norse times1 & x is record$ t an abbot f ?is mona/]y 0 appo9t$ to t ( ,melrose 9 #aage4 ,_m probable sites 7 sugge/$ z hav+ be5 occupi$ by ?is mona/]y1 b no rema9s c\ld be f\nd1 & "s d\bt 0 felt z to :e!r x ev] really exi/$ 9 ,orkney at all4 ,9 ! ye> #aijj1 h[ev]1 ,pr(essor ,dietri*son1 a ,norwegian1 exam9$ ! ru9s on ,eynhall[1 & 0 able to %[ t !y are ! long-s\ght rema9s ( ! lo/ mona/]y--small 9 size1 b complete 9 all ! details ( a ,ci/]cian mona/]y ( ! p]iod ref]r$ to 9 ! ,sagas4 ,,hel5 ,,wat]s3 ,a ,,leg5d ,,( ,,sule ,,sk]ry4 ,! m\nta9s ( ,hoy1 ! highe/ ( ! ,orkney ,isl&s1 rise abruptly out ( ! ocean to an elevation ( fifte5 hundr$ feet1 & t]m9ate on "o side 9 a cliff1 %e] & /up5d\s z if ! m\nta9 _h be5 cut d[n ?r\gh ! middle & ! sev]$ portion ( x buri$ 9 ! sea4 ,imm$iately on ! l&w>d side ( ?is precipice lies a s(t gre5 valley1 embosom$ among huge black cliffs1 :]e ! s\nd ( ! human voice or ! report ( a gun is rev]b]at$ among ! rocks till x gradually dies away into s(t & s(t] e*oes4 ,! hills are int]sect$ by deep & dre>y gl5s1 :]e ! hum ( ! _w is nev] he>d1 & ! only voices ( life are ! bleat ( ! lamb & ! %riek ( ! eagle4 ,! breeze wafts n on its w+s ! :isp] ( ! woodl&1 = !re are no trees on ! isl&2 ! ro> ( ! torr5t /ream & ! sea's et]nal moan = ev] sadd5 ^? solitudes ( ! _w4 ,! asc5t ( ! m\nta9 is 9 "s p>ts almo/ p]p5dicul>1 & 9 all exce$+ly /eep2 b ! admir] ( ,nature 9 h] gr&e/ & mo/ /rik+ aspects w be amply comp5sat$ = 8 toil1 ^u rea*+ _! summits1 by ! magnific5t prospect :i* !y af=d4 ,t[>ds ! nor? & ea/1 ! va/ expanse ( ! ocean1 & ! isl&s1 ) _! d>k hea?-clad hills1 _! gre5 vales1 & gigantic cliffs1 exp& bel[ z f> z ! eye c rea*4 ,! view t[>ds ! s\? is b\nd$ by ! l(ty m\nta9s ( ,sc>ab5 & ,morv51 & by ! wild hills ( ,/ra?nav] & ,cape ,wra?1 /ret*+ t[>ds ! we/4 ,9 ! direction ( ! latt]1 & f> away 9 mid-ocean1 may be se51 dur+ cle> wea!r1 a b>r5 rock call$ ,sule ,sk]ry1 :i* sup]/ition 9 =m] days _h peopl$ ) m]maids & mon/]s ( ! deep4 ,?is solit>y spot _h long be5 kn[n to ! ,orcadians z ! haunt ( sea-f[l & seals1 & 0 ! sc5e ( frequ5t %oot+ excursions1 ?\gh su* p]il\s adv5tures h be5 long s9ce ab&on$4 ,x is associat$ 9 my m9d ) a wild tale1 :i* ,i h he>d 9 my y\?1 ?\gh ,i am unc]ta9 :e!r or n ! circum/ances :i* x n>rates are yet 9 ! memory ( liv+ m54 ,on ! opposite side ( ! m\nta9\s isl& ( :i* ,i speak1 & divid$ f x by a fri? ( sev]al miles 9 bread?1 lie ! flat s]p5t9e %ores ( ! pr9cipal isl& or ,ma9l&1 :]e1 ^u a g5tle slope1 at a %ort di/ance f ! sea-bea*1 may /ill be trac$ ! site ( a cottage1 once ! dwell+ ( a humble c\ple ( ! "n ( ,wat]s1 belong+ to ! class ( small proprietors4 ,_! only *ild ,hel51 at ! "t to :i* my n>ration ref]s1 0 j budd+ into womanhood2 & ?\gh un9itiat$ into :at w\ld n[ be consid]$ ! indisp5sable requisites ( female education1 0 yet n altoge!r unaccompli%$ = ! simple times 9 :i* %e liv$1 &1 ?\gh a *ild ( nature1 _h a grace beyond ! rea* ( art4 ,h5ry ,graham1 ! accept$ lov] ( ,hel5 ,wat]s1 0 ! son ( a small proprietor 9 ! neighb\rhood2 & be+ ( ! same humble rank ) h]self1 &1 ?\gh n ri*1 remov$ f pov]ty1 _! views 7 undi/urb$ by ! dotage ( av>ice or ! fe>s ( want1 & ! smiles ( approv+ fri5ds seem$ to await _! approa*+ union4 ,9 ! ,orkneys x 0 cu/om>y = ! bridegroom to invite ! w$d+ gue/s 9 p]son2 = :i* purpose1 a few days previ\s to ! m>riage1 "y ,graham1 accompani$ by a fri5d1 took a boat & proce$$ to ! isl& ( ,hoy 9 ord] to reque/ ! att5dance ( a family resid+ !re2 :i* done1 on ! foll[+ day !y jo9$ a p>ty ( "y m5 ^u a %oot+ excursion to ,rackwick1 a village romantically situat$ on ! opposite side ( ! isl&4 ,!y left ! h\se ( _! fri5ds on a bright1 calm autumnal morn+1 & began to trav]se ! wild & savage gl5s :i* int]sect ! hills1 :]e _! progress might be guess$ at by ! reports ( _! guns1 :i* gradually became fa9t] & fa9t] among ! m\nta9s1 & at la/ di$ away altoge!r 9 ! di/ance4 ,t night & ! foll[+ day pass$1 & !y did n return to ! h\se ( _! fri5ds2 b ! wea!r be+ extremely f9e1 x 0 suppos$ !y _h ext5d$ _! excursion to ! opposite coa/ ( ,cai?ness1 or to "s ( ! neighb\r+ isl&s1 s t _! abs5ce creat$ no al>m :atev]4 ,! same conjectures also quiet$ ! anxieties ( ! bride1 until ! morn+ previ\s to t ( ! m>riage1 :5 h] al>m c\ld no long] be suppress$4 ,a boat 0 mann$ 9 all ha/e1 & dispat*$ to ,hoy 9 que/ ( !m1 b did n return t day nor ! succe$+ night4 ,! morn+ ( ! w$d+ day dawn$ at la/ bright & beautiful1 b /ill no intellig5ce arriv$ ( ! bridegroom & 8 p>ty2 & ! hope :i* l+]$ to ! la/1 t !y w\ld /ill make _! appe>ance 9 "t1 _h prev5t$ ! invitations f be+ po/pon$1 s t ! m>riage p>ty began to assemble ab\t midday4 ,:ile ! fri5ds 7 all 9 amazem5t1 & ! bride 9 a mo/ pitiable /ate1 a boat 0 se5 cross+ f ,hoy1 & hope once m began to revive2 b1 :5 h] pass5g]s l&$1 !y turn$ out to be ! memb]s ( ! family invit$ f t isl&1 ^: surprise at f9d+ h[ matt]s /ood 0 equal to t ( ! o!r fri5ds4 ,meantime all p>ties unit$ 9 _! endeav\rs to *e] ! poor bride1 = :i* purpose x 0 agre$ t ! company %\ld rema91 & t ! fe/ivities %\ld g on--an arrangem5t to :i* ! gue/s ! m will+ly cons5t$1 f a l+]+ hope t ! abs5tees w\ld /ill make _! appe>ance1 & p>tly ) a view to div]t 9 "s measure ! pa9ful susp5se ( ! bride2 :ile %e1 on ! o!r h&1 f feel+s ( hospitality1 ex]t$ h]self1 ?\gh ) a heavy he>t1 to make h] gue/s z com=table z possible1 & by ! v endeav\r to put on an appe>ance ( tranquillity acquir$ s mu* ( ! reality z to prev5t h] f s9k+ altoge!r "u ! weight ( h] fe>s4 ,meantime ! day advanc$1 ! fe/ivities w5t on1 & ! glass began to circulate freely4 ,! abs5ce ( ! pr9cipal actor ( ! sc5e 0 s f> =gott5 t at l5g? ! music /ruck up1 & danc+ comm5c$ ) all ! animation :i* t ex]cise inspires4 ,?+s 7 go+ on 9 ?is way :51 t[>ds night1 & dur+ "o ( ! pauses ( ! dance1 a l\d rap 0 he>d at ! door1 & a gleam ( hope 0 se5 to light5 e face1 :5 !re ent]$1 n ! bridegroom & 8 p>ty1 b a w&]+ lunatic nam$ ,annie ,fae1 well kn[n & n a little fe>$ 9 all t c\ntryside4 ,h] g>m5ts 7 little else ?an a collection ( fanta/ic & p>ti-col\r$ rags1 b\nd close ar\nd h] wai/ ) a girdle ( /raw1 & h] head _h no o!r cov]+ ?an ! d>k tangl$ locks t hung1 snake-l1 ov] h] wild & wea!r-beat5 face1 f :i* pe]$ =? h] small1 deep1 sunk eyes1 gleam+ ) ! light ( insanity4 ,be=e ! surprise & dismay excit$ by h] sudd5 & unwelcome appe>ance _h subsid$1 %e address$ ! company 9 ! foll[+ wild & incoh]5t mann]1-- 8,he*1 sirs1 b "h's a m]ry meet+ inde$4 ,pl5ty o' gude meat & dr9k "h1 & nae exp5se sp>$6 ,aweel1 x's no a' lo/ nei!r2 ?is bli! bridal w mak' a braw burial1 & ! same fea/ w d = bai?4 ,b ,i'll no deta9 y lang]1 b jog on ^u my j\rney2 only ,i wad jui/ h9t t1 = dec5cy sake1 ye suld /op t f9e fiddl+ & danc+40 ,hav+ ?us spok51 %e made a l[ curtsy1 & hurri$ out ( ! h\se1 leav+ ! company 9 t /ate ( pa9ful excitem5t :i*1 9 su* circum/ances1 ev5 ! rav+s ( a poor d]ang$ w&]] c\ld n fail to produce4 ,9 ?is /ate we too may leave !m = ! pres5t1 & proce$ ) ! p>ty :o _h set (f on ! prec$+ day 9 se>* ( ! bridegroom & 8 fri5ds4 ,! latt] 7 trac$ to ,rackwick2 b !re no intellig5ce c\ld be ga9$1 except t "s days previ\s a boat1 hav+ on bo>d sev]al sportsm51 _h be5 se5 putt+ (f f ! %ore1 & sail+ away 9 ! direction ( ,sule ,sk]ry4 ,! wea!r cont9u+ f9e1 ! se>*+ p>ty hir$ a l>ge boat1 & proce$$ to t remote & solit>y rock1 ^u :i*1 z !y ne>$ x1 !y c\ld discov] no?+1 except sw>ms ( seals1 :i* imm$iately began to fl\nd] t[>ds ! wat]'s edge4 ,a l>ge flock ( sea-f[l arose f ! c5tre ( ! rock ) a deaf5+ scream2 & ^u approa*+ ! spot1 !y beheld1 ) dumb amazem5t & horror1 ! dead bodies ( ! p>ty ( :om !y _h come 9 se>*1 b s mangl$ & disfigur$ by ! sea-f[l t !y c\ld b>ely be recogniz$4 ,x appe>$ t ^! un=tunates ^u l&+ _h =gott5 _! guns 9 ! boat1 :i* _h slipp$ f h] fa/5+s1 & left !m ^u ! rock1 :]e !y _h at la/ p]i%$ ( cold & hung]4 ,fancy c b feebly conceive1 & /ill less c words describe1 ! feel+s ) :i* ! lo/ m5 mu/ h beheld _! b>k drift+ away ov] ! face ( ! wat]s1 & f\nd !mselves ab&on$ 9 ! va/ solitude ( ! ocean4 ,) :at agony mu/ !y h gaz$ ^u ! di/ant sails1 glid+ ov] ! deep1 b keep+ f> alo( f ! rock ( desolation4 ,h[ mu/ _! horrors h be5 aggravat$ by ! f>-(f view ( _! native hills1 lift+ _! lonely peaks above ! wave1 & awak5+ ! dreadful consci\sness t !y 7 /ill )9 ! grasp ( humanity1 & yet no arm 0 /ret*$ =? to save !m2 :ile ! sun 0 rid+ high 9 ! heav5s1 & ! sea bask+ 9 8 beams bel[1 & ,nature look+ ) reckless smiles ^u _! dy+ agonies6 ,z soon z ! /upor ( horror & amazem5t _h subsid$1 ! p>ty plac$ ! dead bodies 9 _! boat1 &1 cr[d+ all sail1 /ood = ! ,orkneys4 ,!y l&$ at night ^u ! bea*1 imm$iately bel[ ! h\se :]e ! w$d+ gue/s 7 assembl$2 & !re1 :ile debat+ 9 :at mann] to proce$1 !y 7 ov]he>d by ! insane w&]]1 ! result ( ^: visit has already be5 record$4 ,%e _h sc>cely left ! h\se1 :5 a l[ s\nd ( voices 0 he>d approa*+4 ,an exclamation ( joy broke f ! bride4 ,%e ru%$ out ( ! h\se ) out/ret*$ arms to embrace h] lov]1 & ! next mom5t1 ) a fe>ful %riek1 fell ^u 8 corpse6 ,) t %riek reason & memory pass$ away = ev]4 ,%e 0 c>ri$ back deliri\s1 & di$ t[>ds morn+4 ,! bridal 0 *ang$ into a burial1 & ,hel5 ,wat]s & h] lov] slept 9 ! same grave6 ,,john ,,malcolm4 7,adapt$47 7,native ( ,fir?1 ,orkney2 #agie-ahde47 ,a ,,leg5d ,,( ,,boray ,,isl&4#a ,9 ! f>-(f ,nor!rn ,isl&s1 ,:]e ! wild waves ev] fl[1 ,i h he>d a wondr\s leg5d ,( ! days ( long ago4 ,!re1 amid ! circl+ wat]s1 ,boray ,isle lies all alone1 ,sil5t ev]1 save at nightfall ,on ! eve ( good ,/4 ,john4#b ,^? :o 9 ! fai? ( ,od9 ',nea? ! waves h sunk = aye1 ,are z sea-bea/s doom$ to w&] ,till ! dawn ( ,judgm5t ,day4 ,once a ye> on ,boray ,isl& ,!y revisit sc5es ( e>?1 ,&1 _! anci5t =ms resum+1 ,hold _! wild unhall[$ mir?4 ,on ! %ore _! sealsk9s leav+1 ,!y 9 revels pass ! "t1 ,till ! midnight h\r res\nde? ,f ,/4 ,magnus' di/ant *ime4 ,at ! solemn knell ! danc]s ,9 wild ha/e _! guise rega91 ,& z seals once m appe>+ ,plunge bel[ ! waves aga94 ,long ago a ,nor!rn fi%] ,9 a /orm 0 left alone1 ,& to ,boray ,isle 0 driv5 ,on ! eve ( good ,/4 ,john4 ,!re saw ! gho/ly revels-- ,music wild fell on 8 e>2 ,& he snat*$ a ca/-(f sealsk91 ,& he hid 9 mortal fe>4 ,all ! ev5+ long he wat*$ !m1 ,till he he>d ,/4 ,magnus' *ime-- ,twelve deep tones proclaim$ ! h\r ,:5 0 o'er ! fat$ "t4 ,at ! solemn knell ! danc]s ,9 wild ha/e _! guise rega9-- ,all save "o2 a fair sea-maid51 ,seek+ = h] robe 9 va94 ,all ! o!rs plung$ & left h]1 ,& no m c\ld ,eric bide1 ,b 8 fri5dly %elt] leav+1 ,hurri$ to ! maid5's side4 ,flung 8 fi%] mantle r\nd h]2 ,) ! ,cross he sign$ h] o'er2 ,& ) lov+ words address$ h]1 ,bidd+ h] to fe> no m4 8,faire/ "o6 no long] fat$ ,z a wild sea-bea/ to roam1 ,come & be my bride1 my treasure1 ,mi/ress ( my he>? & home4 8,?\ %alt be a *ri/5$ woman ,by ! help ( good ,/4 ,john1 ,& at bless$ ,magnus' alt> ,holy ,*ur* %all make u "o40 ,s he spake1 & s he won h]1 ,& he took h] to 8 home2 #8,m>g>et' 0 ! "n !y gave h]1 #8,pe>l' ca/ up f ,ocean's foam4 ,?ree bright ye>s !y dwelt toge!r1 ,love & joy ar\nd h] grew2 ,e day he bless$ ! tempe/ ,t 8 b>k on ,boray ?rew4 ,b :5 spr+ ?ree times _h circl$1 ,m>g>et's *eek 0 ?9 & :ite2 ,day by day h] /r5g? dep>t$1 ,& %e fad$ 9 8 sight4 ,!n %e spoke1 & ?us %e bade him3 8,dea?'s cold t\* is on my he>t1 ,b 9 peace f ?is de> home/ead ,s\l & body _c "p 8,till ,i "k my fate = c]ta9-- ,if ! holy wat] %$ ,on my *ri/5$ br[ w save me ,f ! doom ( ,od9's dead4 8,r[ me 9 y\r skiff1 my husb&1 ,on ! eve ( good ,/4 ,john2 ,take me back to ,boray ,isl&1 ,lay me on ! s&s ad[n4 8,clasp+ fa/ ! ,cross ( ,jesus1 ,i mu/ meet ! dead alone2 ,if !y /ill h p[] o'er me1 ,ere day breaks ,i %all be gone4 8,all alone y ne$s mu/ leave me2 ,pass 9 fa/ & pray] ! "t2 ,& return :5 o'er ! wat]s ,peals ,/4 ,magnus' midnight *ime4 8,& if ,cross & ,*rism gu>d me ,f ! sway ( spirits f\l1 ,!n1 my husb&1 "k = c]ta9 ,*ri/ w save my ransom$ s\l40 ,all h] bidd+ he accompli%$1 ,?\gh 8 he>t 0 sad & sore3 ,on ! fat$ eve he took h]1 ,laid h] d[n on ,boray %ore2 ,w5t :]e he no m c\ld see h]1 ,to ! islet's f>!/ b\nd4 ,soon he he>d ! gho/ly danc]s ,) wild cries 8 wife surr\nd4 ,all ! ev5+ long !y tri$ h]1 ,tempt+ h] to turn aga91 ,) weird /ra9s ( love or ?reat5+1 ,to h] life bel[ ! ma94 ,sadly ,eric wat*$ & wait$1 ,pass$ 9 fa/ & pray] ! "t1 ,till at la/1 o'er rippl+ wat]1 ,peal$ ,/4 ,magnus' midnight *ime4 ,!n he rose1 & ha/5$ to h]2 ,f\nd h] on ! lonely s&s1 ,ly+ ) ! ,cross ( ,jesus ,claspd 9 h] fold$ h&s4 ,to ! ,isl&s ( ! ,bless$ ,m>g>et's ransom$ s\l _h fl$1 ,& a smile ( victory l+]$ ,on h] lips1 ?\gh cold & dead4 ,,alice ,l4 ,,dundas 7,! ,hon\rable ,mrs4 ,john ,dundas74 #a ,boray ,isl&1 or ,holm ( ,boray1 (f ,millburn ,bay 9 ,gairsay4 #b ,midsumm] ,eve4 ,illu/ration ,,songs ,,( ,,! ,,gods4 ,! ,*all5ge ( ,?or4 ,i am ! ,god ,?or1 ,i am ! ,w> ,god1 ,i am ! ,?und]]6 ,"h 9 my ,nor?l&1 ,my fa/ness & =tress1 ,reign ,i = ev]6 ,"h amid iceb]gs ,rule ,i ! nations4 ,?is is my hamm]1 ,miln] ! mighty2 ,giants & sorc]]s ,_c )/& x6 ,^! are ! gauntlets ,:]e) ,i wield x ,& hurl x af> (f4 ,?is is my girdle2 ,:5ev] ,i brace x ,/r5g? is r$\bl$6 ,! light ?\ beholde/ ,/ream ?r\gh ! heav5s ,9 fla%es ( crimson ,is b my r$ be>d ,bl[n by ! night-w9d1 ,affright+ ! nations6 ,jove is my bro!r2 ,m9e eyes are ! lightn+2 ,! :eels ( my *>iot ,roll 9 ! ?und]1 ,! bl[s ( my hamm] ,r+ 9 ! e>?quake6 ,=ce rules ! _w /ill1 ,has rul$ x1 %all rule x2 ,meekness is weakness1 ,/r5g? is triumphant1 ,ov] ! :ole e>? ,/ill is x ,?or's ,day6 ,?\ art a ,god too4 ,o ,galilean6 ,& ?us s+le-h&$ ,unto ! combat1 ,gauntlet or ,gospel1 ,"h ,i defy ,!e6 ,,longfell[4 ,tegn]'s ,drapa4#c ,i he>d a voice t cri$1 8,bald] ! ,beautiful ,is dead1 is dead60 ,& ?r\gh ! mi/y air ,pass$ l ! m\rnful cry ,( sunw>d sail+ cranes4 ,i saw ! pallid corpse ,( ! dead sun ,borne ?r\gh ! ,nor!rn sky4 ,bla/s f ,niffelheim ,lift$ ! %eet$ mi/s ,ar\nd him z he pass$4 ,& ! voice = ev] cri$1 8,bald] ! ,beautiful ,is dead1 is dead60 ,& di$ away ,?r\gh ! dre>y night1 ,9 acc5ts ( despair4 ,bald] ! ,beautiful1 ,god ( ! summ] sun1 ,faire/ ( all ! ,gods6 ,light f 8 =ehead beam$1 ,runes 7 ^u 8 tongue1 ,z on ! w>rior's sword4 ,all ?+s 9 e>? & air ,b\nd 7 by magic spell ,nev] to d him h>m2 ,ev5 ! plants & /ones-- ,all save ! mi/letoe1 ,! sacr$ mi/letoe6 ,hd]1 ! bl9d old ,god1 ,^: feet are %od ) sil5ce1 ,pi]c$ ?r\gh t g5tle brea/ ,) 8 %>p spe>1 by fraud ,made ( ! mi/letoe1 ,! accurs$ mi/letoe6 ,!y laid him 9 8 %ip1 ,) horse & h>ness1 ,z on a fun]al pyre4 ,od9 plac$ ,a r+ ^u 8 f+]1 ,& :isp]$ 9 8 e>4 ,!y laun*$ ! burn+ %ip6 ,x float$ f> away ,ov] ! mi/y sea1 ,till l ! sun x seem$1 ,s9k+ b5ea? ! waves4 ,bald] return$ no m6 ,s p]i% ! old ,gods6 ,b out ( ! sea ( ,"t ,rises a new l& ( song1 ,fair] ?an ! old4 ,ov] its mead[s gre5 ,walk ! "y b>ds & s+4 ,build x aga91 ,o ye b>ds1 ,fair] ?an be=e6 ,ye fa!rs ( ! new race1 ,fe$ ^u morn+ dew1 ,s+ ! new ,song ( ,love6 ,! law ( =ce is dead6 ,! law ( love prevails6 ,?or1 ! ,?und]]1 ,%all rule ! e>? no m1 ,no m1 ) ?reats1 ,*all5ge ! meek ,*ri/4 ,s+ no m1 ,o ye b>ds ( ! ,nor?1 ,( ,vik+s & ( ,j>ls6 ,( ! days ( ,eld ,pres]ve ! fre$om only1 ,n ! de$s ( blood4 ,,longfell[4 #c ,! ,song ( ,tegn]1 a ,sw$i% poet4 ,,! ,,song ,,( ,,h>old ,,h>fag]4 ,! sun is ris+ dimly r$1 ,! w9d is wail+ l[ & dread2 ,f 8 cliff ! eagle sallies1 ,leaves ! wolf 8 d>ksome valleys2 ,9 ! mi/ ! rav5s hov]1 ,peep ! wild-dogs f ! cov]-- ,scream+1 croak+1 bay+1 yell+1 ,ea* 9 8 wild acc5ts tell+1 8,soon we fea/ on dead & dy+1 ,fair-hair$ ,h>old's flag is fly+40 ,_m a cre/ 9 air is /ream+1 ,_m a helmet d>kly gleam+1 ,_m an arm ! axe upre>s1 ,doom$ to hew ! wood ( spe>s4 ,all along ! cr[d$ ranks1 ,horses neigh & arm\r clanks1 ,*iefs are %\t+1 cl>ions r++1 ,l\d] /ill ! b>d is s++1 8,ga!r1 footm5--ga!r1 horsem51 ,to ! field1 ye valiant ,norsem56 8,halt ye n = food or slumb]1 ,view n vantage1 c\nt n numb]2 ,jolly reap]s1 =w>d /ill2 ,gr[ ! crop on vale or hill1 ,?ick or scatt]$1 /iff or li!1 ,x %all d[n be=e ! scy!4 ,=w>d ) y\r sickles bright1 ,reap ! h>ve/ ( ! fight-- ,onw>d1 footm5--onw>d1 horsem51 ,to ! *>ge1 ye gallant ,norsem56 8,fatal *oos]s ( ! slaught]1 ,o'er y hov]s ,od9's daught]2 ,he> ! *oice %e spreads be=e ye-- ,victory1 & weal?1 & glory2 ,or old ,valhalla's ro>+ ,hail1 ,h] ev]-circl+ mead & ale1 ,:]e = et]nity unite ,! joys ( wassail & ( fight4 ,headlong =w>d1 foot & horsem51 ,*>ge & fight1 & die l ,norsem560 ,,sir ,,walt] ,,scott4 ,illu/ration3 ,a woodl& pa?1 ,b9sc>?4 ,,k+ ,,hacon',s ,,la/ ,,battle4 ,all 0 ov]2 day 0 end+ ,z ! foem5 turn$ & fl$4 ,gloomy r$ ,gl[$ ! angry sun desc5d+2 ,:ile r\nd ,hacon's dy+ b$ ,te>s & songs ( triumph bl5d+ ,told h[ fa/ ! conqu]or bl$4 8,raise me10 said ! k+4 ,we rais$ him-- ,n to ease 8 desp]ate pa92 ,t 7 va96 8,/rong our foe 0--b we fac$ him3 ,%[ me t r$ field aga940 ,!n ) rev]5t h&s we plac$ him ,high above ! battle pla94 ,sudd5 on our />tl$ he>+ ,came ! l[-brea!d1 /]n comm&1-- 8,lo6 ye /&8 ,l+] n--! night is ne>+2 ,be> me d[nw>ds to ! /r&1 ,:]e my %ips are idly /e]+ ,(f & on1 9 sight ( l&40 ,e :isp]$ ^w obey+1 ,swift we bore him d[n ! /eep1 ,o'er ! deep1 ,up ! tall %ip's side1 l[ sway+ ,to ! /orm-w9d's p[]ful sweep1 ,& 8 dead companions lay+ ,r\nd him--we _h "t to weep4 ,b ! k+ said1 8,peace6 br+ hi!r ,spoils & weapons1 battle-/r[n-- ,make no moan2 ,leave me & my dead toge!r2 ,light my tor*1 & !n--begone40 ,b we murmur$1 ea* to o!r1 8,c we leave him ?us alone80 ,angrily ! k+ replie?2 ,fla%$ ! awful eye aga9 ,) disda93 8,call him n alone :o lie? ,l[ among su* noble sla92 ,call him n alone :o die? ,side by side ) gallant m540 ,sl[ly1 sadly we dep>t$2 ,rea*$ aga9 t desolate %ore1 ,nev] m ,trod by him1 ! brave1 true-he>t$1 ,dy+ 9 t d>k %ip's core6 ,sadd] keel f l& ne'er p>t$1 ,nobl] freight none ev] bore6 ,!re we l+]$1 seaw>d gaz+1 ,wat*+ o'er t liv+ tomb1 ,?r\gh ! gloom-- ,gloom :i* awful light is *as+-- ,blood-r$ flames ! surge illume6 ,lo6 ,k+ ,hacon's %ip is blaz+2 ',tis ! h]o's self-s\ght doom4 ,"r be=e ! wild w9d driv+1 ,madly plung+--/ung by fire-- ,no help nigh h]-- ,lo6 ! %ip has ceas$ h] /riv+6 ,m\nt ! r$ flames high]1 high]1 ,till1 on ocean's v]ge arriv+1 ,sudd5 s9ks ! ,vik+'s pyre-- ,hacon's gone6 ,,"l ,,duff]94 ,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,haco4 ,! summ] is gone1 ,haco1 ,haco2 ,! yell[ ye> is fl$2 ,& ! w9t] is come1 ,haco1 ,t numb]s !e ) ! dead6 ,:5 ! ye> 0 "y1 ,haco1 ,haco1 ,& ! skies 7 blue & bright1 ,?\ did/ sweep ! seas1 ,haco1 ,l a bird ) w+s ( might4 ,) ?9e oak5 galley1 pr\dly1 ,& ?y gild$ dragon-pr[1 ,o'er ! b\nd+ bill[s1 ,haco1 ,l a sea-god ?\ did/ g4 ,) ?y b>ons gaily1 gaily1 ,all 9 pro( ( burni%$ mail1 ,9 ! voes ( ,orkney1 ,haco1 ,?\ did/ spread ?y prideful sail2 ,& ! /urdy m5 ( ,cai?ness1 ,& ! l& ( ! ,mackay1 ,& ! m5 ( ,/ony ,p>f1 ,haco1 ,knew t ,norway's k+ 0 nigh4 ,& ! m5 ( utmo/ ,lewis1 ,haco1 ,& ,skye1 ) w9d+ kyles1 ,& ,macd\gall's c\ntry1 ,haco1 ,knew ! mon>* ( ! isles4 ,& ! granite peaks ( ,arran1 ,& ! rocks t f5ce ! ,clyde1 ,saw ?y d>+ ,norsem51 ,haco1 ,ramp+ o'er ! ,scotti% tide4 ,b scai? befell !e1 ,haco1 ,haco6 ,?\ w]t fai?ful1 ?\ w]t brave2 ,b n tru? might %ield !e1 ,haco1 ,f a false & %uffl+ knave4 ,! crafty ,k+ ( ,scots1 ,haco1 ,:o might n b> ?y way1 ,beguil$ !e1 hone/ ,haco1 ,) lies t br$ delay4 ,& ha/y w9t]1 ,haco1 ,haco1 ,came & tripp$ ! summ]'s heels1 ,& r5t ! sails ( ,haco ,& swamp$ 8 conqu]+ keels4 ,woe is me = ,haco1 ,haco6 ,on ,lorn & ,mull & ,skye ,! hundr$ %ips ( ,haco ,9 a ?\s& fragm5ts lie6 ,& ?9e oak5 galley1 ,haco1 ,t sail$ ) k+ly pride1 ,came %orn & %att]$1 ,haco1 ,?r\gh ! foam+ ,p5tl& tide4 ,& ?y he>t sunk1 ,haco1 ,haco1 ,& ?\ felt t ?\ mu/ die1 ,:5 ! bay ( ,kirkwall1 ,haco1 ,?\ beheld ) droop+ eye4 ,& !y l$ !e1 ,haco1 ,haco1 ,to ! bi%op's lordly hall1 ,:]e ?y woe-/ruck b>ons1 ,haco1 ,/ood to see ! mighty fall4 ,& ! purple *ur*m51 ,haco1 ,/ood to hold ?y royal head1 ,& good words ( hope to ,haco ,f ! ,holy ,book !y read4 ,!n out spake ! dy+ ,haco1 8,de> are ,god's de> words to me1 ,b read ! book to ,haco ,( ! k+s t rul$ ! sea40 ,!n !y read to dy+ ,haco ,f ! anci5t saga ho>1 ,( ,hold5 & ( ,h>old1 ,:5 8 fa!rs wor%ipp$ ,?or1 ,& !y %rove ! dy+ ,haco1 ,& !y pray$ 8 b$ beside2 ,& ) holy unction ,haco ,droop$ 8 k+ly head & di$4 ,& 9 p>ade ( dea?1 ,haco1 ,!y /ret*$ !e on ?y b$1 ,) a purple ve/ = ,haco1 ,& a g>l& on 8 head4 ,& ar\nd !e1 ,haco1 ,haco1 ,7 tap]s burn+ bright1 ,& masses 7 sung = ,haco ,by day & eke by night4 ,& !y bore !e1 ,haco1 ,haco1 ,to holy ,magnus' %r9e1 ,& beside 8 sa9t$ bones1 ,haco1 ,!y *a/ely c(f9$ ?9e4 ,& above !e1 ,haco1 ,haco1 ,to deck ?y dreamless b$1 ,all crisp ) gold = ,haco1 ,a purple pall !y spread4 ,& ar\nd !e1 ,haco1 ,haco1 ,:]e ! iron sleep ?\ slept1 ,?r\gh ! long1 d>k w9t]1 ,haco1 ,a solemn wat* !y kept4 ,& at e>ly bur/ ( spr+time1 ,:5 ! birds sang out ) glee1 ,!y took ! body ( ,haco ,9 a %ip across ! sea-- ,across ! sea to ,norway1 ,:]e ?y sires make moan = !e1 ,t ! la/ ( 8 race 0 ,haco1 ,:o rul$ ! ,we/]n ,sea4 ,& !y laid !e1 ,haco1 ,haco1 ,) ?y sires on ! ,norway %ore1 ,& f> f ! isles ( ! sea1 ,haco1 ,t "k ?y "n no m4 ,,john ,,/u>t ,,blackie4 7,f 8,lays ( ! ,highl&s & ,isl&s40 ,by p]mission ( ! ,walt] ,scott ,publi%+ ,company47 ,illu/ration3 ,a mod]n w>-fleet 9 ,kirkwall ,bay4 ,,! ,,old ,,man ,,( ,,hoy4 ,! ,old ,man ( ,hoy ,looks out on ! sea1 ,:]e ! tide runs /rong & ! wave rides free2 ,he looks on ! broad ,atlantic sea1 ,& ! ,old ,man ( ,hoy ,ha? ?is great joy1 ,to he> ! deep ro> ( ! wide blue ocean1 ,& to /& unmov$ 'mid ! sleepless motion1 ,& to feel o'er 8 head ,! :ite foam spread ,f ! wild wave pr\dly swell+2 ,& to c>e no :it ,= ! /orm's rude fit1 ,:]e he /&s on 8 old rock-dwell+-- ,?is r>e ,old ,man ( ,hoy4 ,! ,old ,man ( ,hoy ,looks out on ! sea1 ,:]e ! tide runs /rong & ! wave rides free2 ,he looks on ! broad ,atlantic sea1 ,& ! ,old ,man ( ,hoy ,ha? ?is great joy1 ,to look on ! flight ( ! wild seamew1 ,) _! ho> ne/s hung o'er ! wat]s blue2 ,to see !m sw+ ,on plung+ w+1 ,& to he> _! %rill notes swell+1 ,& ) !m to reply ,to ! /orm's w>-cry1 ,z he /&s on 8 old rock-dwell+-- ,?is r>e ,old ,man ( ,hoy4444 ,! ,old ,man ( ,hoy ,looks out on ! sea1 ,:]e ! tide runs /rong & ! wave rides free2 ,he looks on ! broad ,atlantic sea1 ,& ! ,old ,man ( ,hoy ,ha? ?is great joy1 ,to ?9k on ! pride ( ! sea-k+s old-- ,h>olds & ,ronalds & ,sigurds bold-- ,^: might 0 felt ,by ! c[]+ ,celt ,:5 he he>d _! w>-cry yell+4 ,b ! sea-k+s are gone1 ,& he /&s alone1 ,firm on 8 old rock-dwell+-- ,?is /\t ,old ,man ( ,hoy4 ,b li/5 to me1 ,old ,man ( ! ,sea1 ,li/ to ! ,skulda t speake? by me3 ,! ,nornies are weav+ a web = !e1 ,?\ ,old ,man ( ,hoy1 ,to ru9 ?y joy1 ,& to make !e %r9k f ! la% ( ! ocean1 ,& tea* !e to quake ) a /range commotion1 ,:5 ov] ?y head ,& "u ?y b$ ,! rampant wave is swell+2 ,& ?\ %alt die ',nea? a pitiless sky1 ,& reel f ?y old rock-dwell+-- ,?\ /\t ,old ,man ( ,hoy6 ,,john ,,/u>t ,,blackie4 7,f 8,lays ( ! ,highl&s & ,isl&s40 ,by p]mission ( ! ,walt] ,scott ,publi%+ ,company47 ,,orkney4 ,! p>t+ beam ( autumn smiles ,a f>ewell o'er ^! lonely isles2 ,capp$ ) its fire1 ! m\nta9s so> ,l light$ beacons on ! %ore1 ,:ile f> b5ea?1 9 dep? pr(\nd1 ,! tides roll ?r\gh ea* d>ksome s\nd-- ,^? passes :]e ! tr\bl$ sea ,hurries ) ro> & revelry2 ,:]e waves da% on 9 headlong ha/e1 ,by a wide _w ( wat]s pre/4 ,"h ru9$ hall & nodd+ t[] ,h9t d>kly at dep>t$ p[]1 ,_! domeless walls1 "t-worn & gray1 ,give dimly back ! ev5+ ray1 ,l gleams f days long pa/ away4 ,sa9t ,magnus6 pile ( ages fl$1 ,?\ temple ( ! quick & dead6 ,:ile !y :o rais$ ?y =m sublime ,h fad$ f ! ?+s ( "t2 ,:ile h&s t re>$1 & heads t plann$1 ,h pass$ into ! sil5t l&1 ,/ill ha? ?y mighty fabric /ood ',mid sweep+ bla/ & %eet$ flood4 ,above ?y t[] & turrets tall ,! ?und]-cl\d ha? spread its pall1 444 ,& mutt]$ o'er ?9e airy height ,its bur/+ acc5ts to ! night3 ,?\gh (t ! wild & w9try /orm ,ha? reel$ ar\nd ?y t[]+ =m1 ,! mighty pile /ill pr\dly re>s ,its head above ! wreck ( ye>s4 ,z ?r\gh ?y pill>$ aisles ,i tread1 ,:]e re/ ! gone =gott5 dead1 ,ea* /ep a m\rnful e*o calls ,to w&] ?r\gh ! dre>y walls2 ,! sull5 s\nds !y backw>d ?r[1 ,:i* falt] into :isp]s l[4 ,ea* tomb/one's frail & crumbl+ frame ,pres]ves n e'en an airy "n2 ,! l9es by ,fri5d%ip's f+]s trac$1 ,n[ t\*$ by ,"t's1 are half effac$2 ,! few fa9t lett]s l+]+ /ill ,are all ! dead man's *ronicle4 ,h[ (t5 h ! gue/s :o rang$ ,?y sacr$ labyr9?s be5 *ang$6 ,( cr[ds1 :o sang _! an!ms "h1 ,h[ /ill ea* tongue--h[ deaf ea* e>6444 ,b ?\ l !m mu/ pass away ,b5ea? ! h& ( pale decay2 ,ev5 n[ ?y t[]+ turrets feel ,! weight ( ages o'er !m /eal2 ,?y summit 9 its airy wa/e ,rocks to ! rude & ru%+ bla/2 ,:5 ye>s t w&] o'er !e call ,?y "t-/ruck fabric to its fall1 ,?y m\ld]+ columns lone & gray ,%all %elt] !n ! bird ( prey2 ,ea* wor%ipless recess %all be ,place = _! frightful revelry2 ,! rav5's ho>se & fun]al note ,%all o'er sepul*ral ru9s float4444 ,/ill do? ! ru9$ palace /&1 ,a crumbl+ relic 9 ! l&--,t5antless fabric1 huge & high1 ,& pr\d 9 ru9$ maje/y2 ,! v]dant ivy robes ?y wall1 ,we$s are ! dwell]s 9 ?y hall1 ,& 9 ! w9d ! tuft$ grass ,waves o'er ?y dim & m\ld]+ mass1 ,& fre%ly ea* return+ spr+ ,blooms o'er ?y mortal )]+4 ,on d>k5+ piles1 & wan+ wrecks1 ,a gay gre5 g>m5t (t is spread2 ,= ru91 z 9 mock]y1 decks ,! fad$ victims %e ha? made4 ,) "t & tempe/ ?\ art b5t1 ,a dre>1 neglect$ monum5t1 ,lorn z "s frail & ag$ "o ,:o lives :5 all 8 fri5ds are gone6-- ,:]e is ?y voice ( music8--:]e ,! /ra9s t hu%$ ! midnight air1 ,:5 ,beauty woke h] wit*+ song1 ,& spellb\nd held ! fe/ive ?rong8-- ,a n>r[ & a nameless grave ,ha? clos$ ^u ! fair & brave1 ,& all ar\nd is deadly /ill1 ,save :51 f "s high p9nacle1 ,! rav5's croak1 or owlet's wail1 ,bl5ds ) ! sigh+ ( ! gale4444 ,! ho>y rocks1 ( giant size1 ,t o'er ! l& 9 circles rise1 ,( :i* tradition may n tell1 ,fit circles = ! wiz>d's spell1 ,se5 f> amid/ ! sc[l+ /orm1 ,seem ea* a tall & phantom =m1 ,z hurry+ vap\rs o'er !m flee1 ,fr[n+ 9 grim society1 ,:ile l a dread voice f ! pa/ ,ar\nd !m m\rns ! autumnal bla/4444 ,yet n ! works ( man alone1 ,?\gh hall[$ by long ages gone1 ,*>m u away 9 mus+ mood2 ,be> witness ea* grim solitude1 ',mid ,hoy's high %ad[y m\nta9 walls ,:]e m\rnfully ! twilight falls3 ,!re bosom$ 9 a deep recess ,sleeps a dim vale ( lonel9ess1 ,! circl+ hills1 all bleak & wild1 ,are o'er its slumb]s d>kly pil$1 ,save on "o side1 :]e f> bel[ ,! ev]la/+ wat]s fl[1 ,& r\nd ! precipices va/ ,dance to ! music ( ! bla/4444 ,!re rocks ( ages /]nly ?r[ ,_! %ad[s o'er a _w bel[1 ,& fi]ce & fa/ ea* d>k-br[n flood ,c>e]+ comes 9 madd5+ mood3 ,o'er ! %e] cliffs ! wat]s fla%1 ,& d[n 9 :ite/ columns da%1 ,till1 f> away1 we sc>ce c he> ,_! dy+ falls & murmurs dre>1 ,z1 bur/+ o'er ! dizzy v]ge1 ,!y melt into ! boil+ surge4 ,"h1 :51 p]*ance1 ! voice ( m5 ,is he>d )9 ! fairy gl51 ,deep mutt]+ e*oes />t ar\nd1 ,& rocks ( gloom fl+ back ! s\nd1 ,:ile f _! fragm5ts1 r5t & riv51 ,a ?\s& airy dwell]s driv51 ,s5d =? a wild & dre>y scream4 ,l su* z breaks a fe>ful dream ,:5 ,consci5ce to ! sleep]'s gaze ,holds up ! view ( o!r days4444 ,:51 by ,night's mantle hood$ o'er1 ,! heav+ hills are se5 no m1 ,(t bl5d$ ) ! torr5t's da% ,are he>d ! ?und]'s />tl+ cra%1 ,& bur/ ( bill[s on ! %ore1 ,l cannon's deep & di/ant ro>1 ,by e*oes answ]$ l\d & fa/1 ,t gallop on ! midnight bla/1 ,z if ! ,_s ( ! vale ,he>d 9 8 cave ! /ormy wail1 ,& to ! tempe/ roll+ by ,%riek$ l\d 8 frightful mock]y4444 ,:]e cairns ( slumb]+ *iefs are pil$1 ,& fr[n above ! wat]s wild1 ,re> _! ho> heads1 =lorn & dim1 ,^u ! ocean's lonely brim1 ,!re ! fi]ce /orm & madd5+ surge ,h[l l\d & long ! w>rior's dirge1 ,& bl5d$ !re toge!r rave ,?r\gh _m a deep & dre>y cave1 ,& wak5 f _! sull5 lair ,sea-mon/]s1 d>kly slumb]+ !re4 ,se5 f ^? dea?-t[]s ( ! flood1 ,! ocean's mighty solitude ,wid5s ?r\gh b\ndless space ar\nd1 ,va/1 melan*oly1 lone1 pr(\nd2 ,s va/ t ?\ght ) we>y w+ ,droops o'er its di/ant w&]+1 ,&1 left beh9d1 aga9 returns ,to muse ^u ! m\ld]+ urns4444 ,z ! rude bru% ( ev5+'s w9d ,leaves n a l+]+ trace beh9d ,( l&scapes liv+ 9 ! /ream1 ,l ! dim sc5]y ( a dream ,call$ up by ,fancy's wiz>d w&1 ,:5 ,s5se is seal$ by ,slumb]'s h&2 ,s ,"t's dre> bla/ ha? swept along ,alike f record & f song ,_! v names1 :o n[ lie hid ,b5ea? ea* dusky pyramid2 ,& all t h9t ( !m are graves ,:]e ! gre5 flag ( ru9 waves1 ,or crumbl+ remnant ( ! pa/ ,t ivy %elt]s f ! bla/1 ,& cl+s to /ill :5 o!rs flee1 ,l true love 9 adv]sity4 ,on ,noltl&'s solit>y pile ,! la/ blu% ( ! dy+ day ,plays l a melan*oly smile ,& hectic gl[ on pale decay 444 ,! moss ( ye>s is on ! wall1 ,& fitfully ! night-w9ds />t ,?r\gh ,bo?well's ro(less ru9$ hall1 ,l sobs ( sorr[ f ! he>t2 ,^u ea* floor ( cold1 damp sod ,! clu/]+ we$s l he>se-plumes nod2 ,?r\gh *amb]s desolate & gre5 ,hoots ! gray owl at ev5+'s close4 ,meant = f> o!r gue/s1 ,i we5-- ,:]e wave-worn ,beauty might repose1 ,& f9d t bliss 9 ,love's c>ess ,:i* hall[s sc5es ( lonel9ess4 ,see ,hoy's ,old ,man1 ^: summit b>e ,pi]ces ! d>k-blue fields ( air1 ,bas$ 9 ! sea1 8 fe>ful =m ,glooms l ! _s ( ! /orm1 ,an ocean ,babel1 r5t & worn ,by "t & tide--all wild & lorn-- ,a giant t ha? w>r$ ) heav51 ,^: ru9$ scalp seems ?und]-riv51 ,^: =m ! mi/y spray do? %r\d1 ,^: head ! d>k & hov]+ cl\d1 ,ar\nd 8 dread & l[]+ mass1 ,9 sail+ sw>ms ! sea-f[l pass1 ,b :5 ! night-cl\d o'er ! sea ,hangs l a sable canopy1 ,& :5 ! fly+ /orm do? sc\rge ,ar\nd 8 base ! ru%+ surge1 ,swift to 8 airy clefts !y so>1 ,& sleep amid/ ! tempe/'s ro>1 ,or ) its h[l+ r\nd 8 peak ,m+le _! dre> & dreamy %riek4 ,! dy+ day has _h its re/ ,^u ! m\nta9's l(ty cre/2 ,n[1 o'er ! ocean x has fl$1 ,& to ! pa/ is ga!r$2 ,f /unt$ %rubs ( foliage b>$ ,! f>ewell melodies are he>d2 ,! twilight spreads a duski] veil ,^u ! deep & lonely dale1 ,&1 moan+ to ! ev5+ />1 ,! m\nta9 /ream is he>d af>4 ,! twilight fades & night aga9 ,claims f our "t h] portion$ reign2 ,e>? sets1 & leaves u to admire ,yon vault$ canopy ( fire1 ,^? burn+ glories ( ! sky1 ,^? 8sp>ks ( immortality10 ,:i* %$ f high _! liv+ light1 ,& blaze ?r\gh ! blue dep?s ( night4444 ,at su* an h\r1 %\ld music /ray ,s(t f "s isle1 f>1 f> away1 ,x seems to *>m to sil5t sleep ,! murmurs ( ! mighty deep2 ,! torr5t1 z x spe$s along1 ,/ills its d>k wat]s to ! song1 ,& ! full bosom feels relief1 ,soo!d by ! my/ic 8joy ( grief20 ,^u ! he>t-*ords /eal+ sl[1 ,x hall[s e *]i%$ woe1 ,& wakes s5sations 9 ! m9d1 ,wild1 beautiful1 & undef9$1 ,z tones t h>p-/r+s give ! w9d4 ,oh6 at su* s\l-inspir+ /ra9 ,! wondr\s l9ks ( memory's *a91 ,?\gh scatt]$ f>1 unite aga91 ,& ,"t & ,di/ance /rive 9 va94 ,aga9 ,y\?'s fairy visions pass ,9 morn+ gl[ o'er ,memory's glass1 ,at e magic melt+ fall ,!y come l e*oes to _! call1 ,& ) ! dreams ( vani%$ ye>s ,/eal =? aga9 our smiles & te>s4 ,,john ,,malcolm4 ,,sc5es ,,f 8,,! ,,buccane]40 ,night4 ,night walk$ 9 beauty o'er ! peaceful sea1 ,^: g5tle wat]s spake tranquillity2 ,) dreamy lull ! roll+ bill[ broke ,9 holl[ murmurs on ! di/ant rock2 ,! sea-bird wail$ along ! airy /eep2 ,! creak ( di/ant o> 0 on ! deep4 ,s /ill ! sc5e1 ! boatman's voice 0 he>d2 ,! li/5+ e> c\ld almo/ cat* ea* ^w2 ,f isles remote ! h\se-dog's fitful bay ,came float+ o'er ! wat]s f> away2 ,& homew>d w5d+ o'er ! sil5t hill1 ,! lonely %eph]d's song & :i/le %rill2 ,! lull+ murmur ( ! m\nta9 flood1 ,t sung its night-hymn to ! solitude2 ,! curlew's wild & desolate f>ewell1 ,z sl[ %e sail$ ad[n ! d>ksome dell2 ,! hea?cock :irr+ o'er ! hea?y vale2 ,! mateless plov]'s f>-=sak5 wail2 ,! ru% ( tides t r\nd ! isl&s ran1 ,& danc$ l maniacs 9 ! moonlight wan1-- ,all =m$ a sc5e s wild1 & yet s fair1 ,z might h woo$ ! he>t f dreams ( c>e1 ,if aught _h *>ms to soo!1 or balm to heal1 ,! pangs t guilt is ev] doom$ to feel4444 ,morn+4 ,day dawns1 & f ! ma9 ! mi/ is furl$1 ,! night-cloak ( a solit>y _w2 ,& sl[ em]g+ f ! fleecy cl\d ,! m\nta9s so> l giants f ! %r\d4 ,high o'er ! re/1 & t[]+ to ! /orm1 ,glooms o'er ! ocean ,hoy's maje/ic =m2 ,f 8 lone head1 z roll ! cl\ds away1 ,behold ,creation bur/+ into day1 ,z fir/ x broke f night & no?+ness1 ,:5 ! ,great ,_s brood$ o'er ! abyss4 ,h[ calm & cle> ! b\ndless wat]s seem1 ,z if awak5+ f a heav5ly dream2 ,! little isles )9 _! bosom lie1 ,l dwell]s 9 a bright inf9ity2 ,! crag t]rific beetl+ o'er ! we/ ,beholds ! heav5 reflect$ 9 _! brea/4 ,! d>k-br[n hills embrace ea* sil5t bay ,t loves amid _! solitude to /ray2 ,& f> b5ea?1 ) l[ sepul*ral s\nd1 ,moans ! d>k torr5t ?r\gh ! dell pr(\nd2 ,& f ! ?und]-?rone1 ! m\nta9 cairn1 ,%rieks to ! wa/e ! solit>y erne4444 ,sc5es ( my song1 ( e>lie/ smiles & te>s1 ,ye wake ! memories ( dep>t$ ye>s6 ,! di/ant murmur ( y\r m\nta9 /reams ,/eals o'er my _s ) dep>t$ dreams1 ,) _m a tale & recollect$ lay1 ,:i*1 l ! twilight ( an autumn day1 ,fa9t on y\r %ores1 ( wond]ful & wild1 ,meet = ! mus+ moods ( ,fancy's *ild4 ,!re h ,i roam$ o'er _m a so>+ /eep ,:5 ! la/ day-gleam di$ along ! deep1 ,& o'er ! /ill & solit>y l&1 ,! di/ant music ( ! reap] b& ,came s(t & m\rnful on ! p5sive s\l1 ,z m]maid's sir5 song o'er ocean's roll4 ,!re h ,i gaz$ ^u ! pa?less seas1 ,z on ! gates ( two et]nities-- ,f> ea/1 :]e future days %all gild ! wave1 ,& we/1 :]e all ! pa/ ha? f\nd a grave4 ,,john ,,malcolm4 ,,to ,,orkney4 ,l& ( ! :irlpool1 torr5t1 foam1 ,:]e oceans meet 9 madd5+ %ock2 ,! beetl+ cliff1 ! %elv+ holm1 ,! d>k1 insidi\s rock2 ,l& ( ! bleak1 ! treeless moor1 ,! /]ile m\nta91 se>$ & riv52 ,! %apeless cairn1 ! ru9$ t[]1 ,sca!d by ! bolts ( heav52 ,! yawn+ gulf1 ! trea*]\s s&2-- ,i love !e /ill1 my native l&6 ,l& ( ! d>k1 ! ,runic rhyme1 ,! my/ic r+1 ! cav]n ho>1 ,! ,sc&9avian se]1 sublime ,9 leg5d>y lore2 ,l& ( a ?\s& sea-k+s' graves-- ,^? tameless spirits ( ! pa/1 ,fi]ce z _! subject ,arctic waves1 ,or hyp]borean bla/2 ,?\gh pol> bill[s r\nd !e foam1 ,i love !e6--?\ w]t once my home4 ,) gl[+ he>t & isl& lyre1 ,ah6 w\ld "s native b>d arise ,to s+1 ) all a poet's fire1 ,?y /]n sublimities-- ,! ro>+ flood1 ! ru%+ /ream1 ,! promontory wild & b>e1 ,! pyramid :]e sea-birds scream ,al(t 9 middle air1 ,! ,druid temple on ! hea?1 ,old ev5 beyond tradition's brea?4 ,?\gh ,i h roam$ ?r\gh v]dant glades1 ,9 cl\dless climes1 'nea? azure skies2 ,or pluck$ f beaute\s ,ori5t meads ,fl[]s ( cele/ial dyes2 ,?\gh ,i h lav$ 9 limpid /reams ,t murmur ov] gold5 s&s1 ,or bask$ amid ! fulg5t beams ,t flame o'er fair] l&s2 ,or /ret*$ me 9 ! sp>ry grot1-- ,my c\ntry6 ?\ w]t ne'er =got4 ,,david ,,v$d]4 7,native ( ,de]ness2 #agij-ahed47 ,,! ,,temple ,,( ,,nature4 ,talk n ( temples2 !re is "o1 ,built )\t h&s1 to mank9d giv54 ,its lamps are ! m]idian sun ,& all ! />s ( heav52 ,its walls are ! c]ulean sky2 ,its floor ! e>? s gre5 & fair2 ,! dome is va/ imm5sity1-- ,all nature wor%ips !re6 ,! ,alps1 array$ 9 /a9less sn[1 ,! ,&ean ranges yet untrod1 ,at sunrise & at sunset gl[ ,l alt>-fires to ,god6 ,a ?\s& fi]ce volcanoes blaze1 ,z if ) hall[$ victims r>e2 ,& ?und] lifts its voice 9 praise1-- ,all nature wor%ips !re6 ,! ocean heaves resi/lessly1 ,& p\rs 8 glitt]+ treasures =?2 ,8 waves1 ! prie/hood ( ! sea1 ,kneel on ! %ell-gemm$ e>?1 ,& !re emit a holl[ s\nd1 ,z if !y murmur$ praise & pray]2 ,on e side 'tis hall[$ gr\nd1-- ,all nature wor%ips !re6 ,! grateful e>? h] od\rs yield ,9 homage1 ,mighty ,"o1 to ,!e1 ,f h]bs & fl[]s 9 e field1 ,f fruit on e tree2 ,! balmy dew1 at morn & ev51 ,seems l ! p5it5tial te>1 ,%$ only 9 ! sight ( ,heav51-- ,all nature wor%ips !re6 ,! c$> & ! m\nta9 p9e1 ,! will[ on ! f\nta9's brim1 ,! tulip & ! eglant9e1 ,9 rev]5ce b5d to ,him2 ,! song-birds p\r _! sweete/ lays ,f t[]1 & tree1 & middle air2 ,! ru%+ riv] murmurs praise1-- ,all nature wor%ips !re6 ,!n talk n ( a fane1 save "o1 ,built )\t h&s1 to mank9d giv54 ,its lamps are ! m]idian sun ,& all ! />s ( heav52 ,its walls are ! c]ulean sky2 ,its floor ! e>? s gre5 & fair2 ,! dome is va/ imm5sity1-- ,all nature wor%ips !re6 ,,david ,,v$d]4 ,,app5dix ,i4 ,,*ronology ,,( ,,orcadian ,,hi/ory ,,to ,,! ,,end ,,( ,,! ,,e>ldom1 ,,) ,,relat$ ,,contempor>y ,,ev5ts4 ,c]ta9 hi/orians assign e>li] dates ?an ^? giv5 bel[ to ! ev5ts be=e #icc4 ,! *ronology adopt$ "h is t :i* h>monizes be/ ) ! dates ( ev5ts 9 o!r l&s dur+ t p]iod4 ,approximate dates are m>k$ 8c0 7circa72 ev5ts n directly connect$ ) ! ,e>ldom are 9 squ>e brackets1 & _! dates 9 light] type4 ,a4,d4 #gh 7c47 ,agricola's visit to ,orkney4 #efc4 ,columba 9 ,scotl&4 #ehj 7c47 ,cormac's mission>y j\rney to ,orkney4 #eig4 ,augu/9e 9 ,engl&4 #ghg4 ,fir/ record$ appe>ance ( ,vik+s 9 ,engl&4 #hjj 7c47 ,fir/ p]iod ( ,norse colonization beg9s4 #hda4 ,r\5 tak5 by ! ,norsem54 #heb4 ,norse k+dom e/abli%$ 9 ,dubl94 #hfb4 ,rurik f\nds ! ,norse l9e 9 ,russia4 #hga4 ,alfr$ ! ,great ,k+ ( ,engl&4 #hhe4 ,siege ( ,p>is by ! ,norsem54 #ijj4 ,battle ( ,h>fursfir?--,second p]iod ( ,norse colonization beg9s4 -- ,icel& coloniz$ by ,norsem54 #ija 7c47 ,h>ald ,fairhair 9 ,orkney--,e>ldom e/abli%$4 -- ,sigurd ,i4 e>l4 #ije 7c47 ,battle ) ,maelbrigda ( ,ross--,sigurd's dea?4 -- ,guttorm1 ,sigurd's son1 e>l4 #ijg 7c47 ,hallad1 son ( ,rognvald1 ,e>l ( ,mo]i1 e>l4 #iaj4 ,e9> ,i4 7,torf ,e9>71 ,rognvald's son1 e>l4 #iab4 ,rolf or ,rollo1 ,rognvald's son1 ,duke ( ,norm&y4 #icc4 ,arnkell1 ,erl5d ,i41 & ,?orf9n ,i41 ,e9>'s sons1 jo9t-e>ls4 #iej4 ,k+ ,eric 7,bloody axe7 expell$ f ,norway4 #ied4 ,eric & ,e>ls ,arnkell & ,erl5d fall at battle ( ,/a9smoor4 #ifc4 ,arnf9n1 ,hav>d1 ,ljot1 & ,hlodve1 ,?orf9n's sons1 jo9t-e>ls4 #ihj4 ,sigurd ,,ii4 7! ,/\t71 ,hlodve's son1 e>l4 #ihj4 ,discov]y ( ,gre5l& by ! ,norsem54 #ihf4 ,discov]y ( ,am]ica 7,v9l&7 by ! ,norsem54 #iie4 ,conv]sion ( ,sigurd to ,*ri/ianity by ,olaf ,tryggvason4 #iih4 ,olaf ,tryggvason1 ,k+ ( ,norway4 #ajad4 ,battle ( ,clont>f--,dea? ( ,e>l ,sigurd4 -- ,sum>lid1 ,e9> ,,ii41 ,brusi1 & 7lat]7 ,?orf9n ,,ii41 ,sigurd's sons1 jo9t-e>ls4 #ajae4 ,olaf ! ,sa9t ,k+ ( ,norway4 #ajae4 ,dea? ( ,e>l ,sum>lid4 #ajag4 ,knut 7,canute7 ,k+ ( ,engl&4 #ajbj4 ,murd] ( ,e9> ,,ii4 #ajbg4 ,norse k+dom e/abli%$ 9 ,s\!rn ,italy4 #ajcj4 ,battle ( ,/ickle/ad--,dea? ( ,/4 ,olaf4 #ajca4 ,dea? ( ,e>l ,brusi--,?orf9n ,,ii4 sole e>l4 -- ,rognvald1 ,brusi's son1 claims a %>e ( ! e>ldom4 #ajde4 ,battle 9 ! ,p5tl& ,fir? betwe5 ,rognvald & ,?orf9n4 #ajdf4 ,murd] ( ,rognvald 9 ,papa ,/ronsay4 #ajef4 ,malcolm ,canmore ,k+ ( ,scotl&4 #ajeg4 ,*ri/'s ,kirk 9 ,birsay f\nd$4 #ajfd4 ,dea? ( ,?orf9n2 8 sons ,paul ,i4 & ,erl5d ,,ii4 jo9t-e>ls4 #ajff4 ,h>ald ,h>dradi visits ,orkney4 -- ,h>old1 ,godw9's son1 ,k+ ( ,engl&4 -- ,battle ( ,/am=d ,bridge4 -- ,invasion ( ,duke ,william ( ,norm&y--,battle ( ,ha/+s4 #ajhg4 ,moori% ,empire e/abli%$ 9 ,spa94 #ajif4 ,fir/ ,crusade4 #ajih4 ,magnus 7,b>efoot71 ,k+ ( ,norway1 s5ds ! ,orkney e>ls to ,norway1 & makes 8 son ,sigurd 8,k+0 ( ,orkney4 #aajc4 ,dea? ( ,magnus--,sigurd ,k+ ( ,norway4 #aajc4 ,hakon1 ,paul's son1 & ,magnus1 ,erl5d's son1 jo9t-e>ls4 #aaae4 ,murd] ( ,e>l ,magnus 7,/4 ,magnus7 9 ,egilsay4 #aabb4 ,dea? ( ,e>l ,hakon2 8 sons ,h>ald ,i4 & ,paul ,,ii4 jo9t-e>ls4 #aabg4 ,dea? ( ,h>ald--,paul sole e>l4 #aabi4 ,rognvald ,,ii4 7,kali7 appo9t$ jo9t-e>l by ,k+ ,sigurd4 #aace4 ,rognvald's fir/ exp$ition to claim ! e>ldom4 -- ,/4 ,magnus ,*ur*1 ,egilsay1 f\nd$4 #aacf4 ,rognvald's second exp$ition--,e>l ,paul kidnapp$ by ,sweyn ,asleifson4 #aacg4 ,/4 ,magnus ,ca!dral f\nd$4 #aaci4 ,h>ald ,,ii4 7,maddadson7 jo9t-e>l4 #aaea4 ,crusad]s w9t] 9 ,orkney4 #aaeb4 ,e>l ,rognvald's ,crusade to ,j]usalem4 #aaed4 ,erl5d ,,iii4 jo9t-e>l4 #aaef4 ,dea? ( ,erl5d ,,iii4 #aaeh4 ,e>l ,rognvald kill$4 #aaga4 ,sweyn ,asleifson's la/ cruise & dea? at ,dubl94 #aaga4 ,engli% invasion ( ,irel&4 #aage4 ,abbot ,laur5tius transf]r$ f ,orkney 7,eynhall[7 to ,melrose4 #aaid4 ,battle ( ,floravoe1 ne> ,b]g52 defeat ( ! 8,isl&-be>dies40 #aaif4 ,%etl& sep>at$ f ! ,orkney e>ldom4 #aaig4 ,h>ald ,,iii4 7! ,"y71 gr&son ( ,rognvald1 jo9t-e>l4 #aaih4 ,dea? ( ,h>ald ! ,"y4 #abjf4 ,dea? ( ,e>l ,h>ald ,,ii4 7,maddadson72 8 sons ,david & ,john jo9t-e>ls4 #abad4 ,dea? ( ,e>l ,david4 #abad4 ,alex&] ,,ii4 ,k+ ( ,scotl&4 #abae4 ,magna ,*>ta grant$ 9 ,engl&4 #abbb4 ,burn+ ( ,bi%op ,adam 9 ,cai?ness4 -- ,dea? ( ,bj>ne1 ! poet-bi%op ( ,orkney4 #abca4 ,dea? ( ,john1 ! la/ e>l ( ! ,norse l9e4 #abcb4 ,magnus ,,ii41 ! fir/ ( ! ,angus l9e1 e>l4 -- ,loss ( %ip c>ry+ ! *ief m5 ( ! ,isles f ,norway4 #abci4 ,gilbride ,i4 e>l4 8 ,gilbride ,,ii4 e>l4 #abdi4 ,alex&] ,,iii4 ,k+ ( ,scotl&4 #abef4 ,magnus ,,iii4 e>l4 #abfc4 ,k+ ,hakon's exp$ition--,battle ( ,l>gs--,dea? ( ,hakon at ,kirkwall4 #abff4 ,treaty ( ,p]?--8,annual ( ,norway0 e/abli%$4 #abgf4 ,magnus ,,iv4 e>l4 #abhd4 ,john ,,ii4 e>l4 #abhf4 ,dea? ( ,alex&] ,,iii4 ( ,scotl&--,m>g>et ( ,norway heiress to ! cr[n4 #abib4 ,dea? ( ,m>g>et ! 8,maid ( ,norway40 #acjf4 ,rob]t ,bruce ,k+ ( ,scotl&4 ,accord+ to a tradition1 ! cr$ibility ( :i* is support$ by v>i\s l9es ( evid5ce1 ,bruce pass$ ! w9t] ( #acjf-g 9 ,orkney1 n 9 ! isl& ( ,ra?l94 #acaj4 ,magnus ,v4 e>l4 #acab4 ,treaty ( ,p]? confirm$ at ,inv]ness4 #acad4 ,battle ( ,bannockburn4 #acbe4 ,dea? ( ,e>l ,magnus ,v42 end ( ! ,angus l9e4 -- ,malise ( ,/ra!rne e>l4 #acec4 ,erngisl e>l4 #acgi4 ,dea? ( ,e>l ,erngisl2 end ( ! ,/ra!rne l9e4 -- ,h5ry ,i4 7,/4 ,clair7 e>l--,%etl& re/or$ to ! e>ldom4 -- ,union ( ,norway1 ,sw$51 & ,d5m>k 7,union ( ,calm>74 #adjj4 ,h5ry ,,ii4 7,/4 ,clair7 e>l4 #adjf4 ,pr9ce ,james ( ,scotl& captur$ by ! ,engli% :5 on 8 way to ,france4 #adbj4 ,bi%op ,william ,tullo*1 commission] 9 ,orkney = ! ,cr[n ( ,norway4 #adbc4 ,david ,m5zies ( ,wemyss commission]4 #adcd4 ,william ,/4 ,clair e>l1 ! la/ e>l "u ,norse rule4 #adec4 ,con/ant9ople tak5 by ! ,turks4 #adfh4 ,orkney & ,%etl& pl$g$ to ! ,scotti% ,cr[n4 -- ,m>riage ( ,james ,,iii4 ( ,scotl& to ,m>g>et ( ,d5m>k4 #adga4 ,l&s & rev5ues ( ,e>l ,william pur*as$ by ! ,scotti% ,cr[n4 #adgb4 ,bi%op ,william ,tullo* appo9t$ to collect ,cr[n rev5ues4 #adhe4 ,h5ry ,/4 ,clair repres5tative ( ! ,cr[n4 #adib4 ,fir/ voyage ( ,columbus4 #adig4 ,voyage ( ,cabot to ,labrador4 #aeac4 ,battle ( ,flodd5--,dea? ( ,h5ry ,/4 ,clair4 #aebd4 ,union ( ,calm> dissolv$4 #aebi4 ,battle ( ,summ]dale4 #aedj4 ,james ,v4 ( ,scotl& visits ,orkney4 #aedb4 ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots born4 #aefe4 ,"l ,rob]t ,/ew>t obta9s a feu *>t] ( ,orkney & ,%etl&4 #aefg4 ,m>y ,que5 ( ,scots depos$--,james ,,vi4 proclaim$--,flight ( ,bo?well to ,orkney & ,%etl&4 #aefh4 ,! ,isl&s resum$ by ! ,cr[n ( ,scotl&4 #aeha4 ,"l ,rob]t ,/ew>t e>l4 #aehh4 ,! ,armada4 #aeib4 ,e>l ,patrick ,/ew>t obta9s ! ,isl&s4 #afjc4 ,union ( ! ,cr[ns ( ,scotl& & ,engl&4 #afad4 ,execution ( ,e>l ,patrick4 ,,app5dix ,,ii4 ,,norse ,,words ,,9 ,,orkney ,,place-,,names4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ! ,norse words mo/ commonly f\nd 9 place-names 9 ,orkney1 ) _! mean+4 ,! =ms 9 :i* !y n[ appe>1 z names or p>ts ( names1 are giv5 9 italic1 except :]e ! old =m is pres]v$ ) little *ange4 #a4 ,,l& ,,features4 ,ass1 ridge2 -h\se4 ,bj>g1 rocky hill2 -b]ry1 -b]4 ,bratt1 /eep2 brett-4 ,brekka1 slope2 -breck4 ,dal1 valley2 -dale1 -dall4 ,fjall1 hill2 -fell1 -fea1 -fiold4 ,gil1 n>r[ gl52 -gill4 ,grjot1 gravel2 grut-4 ,hals1 neck1 col2 hass4 ,hamm>1 crag4 ,haug1 m\nd2 h[e1 hox-4 ,hli?1 slope2 -lee4 ,hvll1 hll1 hill2 hol-1 hool-4 ,hvamm1 small valley1 grassy slope2 quholm4 ,kamb1 ridge or cre/2 kame4 ,knapp1 hilltop1 knob4 ,kuml1 burial m\nd2 cumla-4 ,leir1 clay2 l]-4 ,mel1 s&bank1 s&y d[ns4 ,mor1 pl4 mos1 moor2 m\s-1 -mo4 ,myri1 wet mead[2 -mire4 ,skal1 s(t rock1 %ale2 skel-4 ,?ufa1 m\nd2 -too4 ,v>?i1 wat*-t[]2 w>d1 w>t4 ,voll1 valley2 vel-1 -wall4 #b4 ,,fre% ,,wat]4 ,a1 o1 or1 burn4 ,brun1 well2 -burn4 ,=s1 wat]fall2 furs-4 ,kelda1 spr+4 ,oss1 burn-m\?2 oyce4 ,tjrn1 small lake2 -%un4 ,vatn1 wat]2 watt54 #c4 ,,%ore ,,features4 ,bakki1 banks2 -back4 ,b>?1 project+ headl& 7edge ( a hill1 beak ( a %ip1 etc474 ,b]g1 mass ( rock2 -b]1 -b]ry4 ,br+a1 brea/2 br+4 ,ei?1 i/hmus2 ai?1 -ay1 -a4 ,ey1 isl&2 -ey1 -ay1 -a4 ,eyrr1 gravel bea*2 ayre4 ,fles1 flat sk]ry2 fla%es4 ,gnp1 peak2 n\p4 ,hella1 flat rock2 -hellya4 ,hellir1 cave2 -hellya4 ,hlm1 small isl&4 ,klett1 l[ rock2 -clett4 ,muli1 muzzle1 lip2 m\t4 ,nef1 nv1 nose2 nevi4 ,nes1 nose2 -ness4 ,oddi1 %>p po9t2 od4 ,sk]1 sk]ry4 ,/akk1 pill> rock2 /ack4 ,tangl1 tongue2 -ta+4 #d4 ,,sea ,,features4 ,brim1 surf4 ,efja1 backwat]1 eddy2 evie4 ,fjr?1 fir?2 fir?1 -=d4 ,gja1 *asm1 creek2 geo4 ,glup1 ?roat2 gl\p4 ,hafn1 h>b\r2 ham1 hamn-4 ,hp1 %all[ bay4 ,/raum1 tide-/ream2 /rom-4 ,vag1 n>r[ bay2 voe1 -wall4 ,va?1 wad+-place1 =d2 wai?4 ,vik1 bay2 -wick4 #e4 ,,f>ms ,,& ,,h\ses4 ,bol/adr1 dwell+2 -bu/]1 -bi/]1 -bi/4 ,br1 bridge2 bro-4 ,bu1 br1 f>m2 bu1 -by4 ,bygg+1 build+1 f byggja1 to settle1 to build2 -bigg94 ,g>?1 enclosure1 dyke2 -g>?1 -g]4 ,gr9d1 gate4 ,hagi1 enclos$ pa/ure2 hack-4 ,hus1 h\se4 ,kr1 %eepfold2 -croo4 ,kv1 cattle p52 -quoy4 ,rett1 %eepfold2 -ret4 ,sel1 8saet]0 hut2 selli-4 ,setr1 saetr1 out-pa/ure2 seatt]1 -sett]1 -/]4 ,skali1 hall1 h\se2 -skaill4 ,skipti1 divid+1 b\nd>y2 skippi-4 ,/adr1 home/ead2 -/]1 -/a4 ,/(a1 room1 h\se2 /ove4 ,?opt1 plot1 site ( a h\se2 -t(t1 -taft4 ,tn1 enclosure1 h$ge2 -ton1 -t[n4 #f4 ,,miscellane\s4 ,djup1 deep2 deep-1 jub-4 ,fa]1 %eep2 f>-4 ,flat1 flat2 flot-4 ,gra1 gray4 ,gra5n1 gre54 ,ha1 high2 ho-4 ,helgr1 holy2 hellya4 ,he/1 horse4 ,hrafn1 rav52 ram-1 ramn-4 ,hross1 horse2 russ-4 ,hund1 dog4 ,hvit1 :ite2 :ee?a-4 ,l+1 hea!r4 ,mykill1 great2 muckle4 ,raud1 r$2 ro-4 ,skalp1 %ip2 scap-4 ,skip1 %ip4 ,sv>t1 black2 sw>t-4 ,,app5dix ,,iii4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,birds ,,f\nd ,,9 ,,orkney4 ,local names are giv5 9 brackets4 ,an a/]isk 7997 indicates t ! bird is n kn[n to bre$ 9 ! isl&s4 ,:5 any bird n 9 ?is li/ is f\nd1 x w usually be wor? :ile to put ! fact on record4 99,auk1 ,little 7,rot*ie74 ,blackbird 7,blackie74 ,bunt+1 ,corn 7,*irlie ,buntl+74 99,bunt+1 ,sn[ 7,sn[flake74 ,*aff9*--r>e4 ,coot 7,snai?74 ,cormorant 7,palm]1 ,sc>f74 ,cr[1 ,hood$ 7,craa1 ,hoodie ,craa1 ,grayback74 ,cuckoo--r>e4 ,curlew 7,:aup74 99,div]1 ,black-?roat$--r>e4 99,div]1 ,great ,nor!rn 7,imm] ,goose74 ,div]1 ,r$-?roat$4 99,dott]el--r>e4 ,dove1 ,r+ 7,wood-pigeon7--r>e4 ,dove1 ,rock4 ,dove1 ,/ock4 ,duck1 ,eid] 7,dunt]74 99,duck1 ,gold5-eye--r>e4 ,duck1 ,long-tail$ 7,calloo7--r>e4 99,duck1 ,scaup--r>e4 ,duck1 ,%eld 7,sly-goose74 ,duck1 ,teal4 ,duck1 ,tuft$4 ,duck1 ,wild 7,/ock ,duck74 ,dunl9 7,plov]-page1 ,plov]-pagick74 ,falcon1 ,p]egr9e4 99,fieldf>e4 ,gannet or ,solan ,goose4 99,goose1 ,b]nacle--r>e4 99,goose1 ,br5t4 99,goose1 ,graylag--r>e4 ,grebe1 ,little4 ,gre5f9* 7,gre5 ,l9tie74 ,gr\se1 ,r$ 7,muirh574 ,guillemot1 ,black 7,ty/e74 ,guillemot1 ,common 7,aak74 ,gull1 ,black-head$4 ,gull1 ,common 7,:ite-maa74 ,gull1 ,great] ,black-back$ 7,baakie74 ,gull1 ,h]r+ 7,:ite-maa74 ,gull1 ,less] ,black-back$4 ,h5 ,h>ri] 7,goose-haak74 ,h]on1 ,common4 ,jackdaw 7,jackie1 ,kae74 ,ke/rel 7,moosie ,haak74 ,kittiwake 7,kittie1 ,kittick1 ,kittiwaako74 ,lapw+ 7,teeack1 ,tee:up74 ,l9net 7,l9tie1 ,l9tick74 ,m]gans]1 ,r$-brea/$ 7,sawbill1 ,h>l1 ,rantick74 ,m]l94 ,moorh5 7,wat]h574 ,owl1 ,long-e>$--r>e4 ,owl1 ,%ort-e>$ 7,cattie-face74 ,oy/] ,cat*] 7,skeldro74 ,petrel1 ,fulm>4 ,petrel1 ,/ormy 7,sea-swall[74 ,phal>ope1 ,r$-neck$4 ,pipit1 ,mead[ 7,teet+74 ,pipit1 ,rock 7,tang ,sp>r[1 ,tang ,teet+74 ,plov]1 ,gold54 ,plov]1 ,r+$ 7,s&l>k1 ,s9lack74 ,po*>d4 ,puff9 7,tammie-norrie74 ,quail--r>e4 ,rail1 ,l& 7,corncrake74 ,rail1 ,wat]--r>e4 ,rav5 7,corbie74 ,razor-bill 7,coot]-neb74 ,r$brea/ 7,rob9 ,r$brea/74 ,r$%ank4 99,r$w+4 ,rook4 99,s&]l+--r>e4 ,s&pip]1 ,common4 99,scot]1 ,common4 99,scot]1 ,surf--r>e4 99,scot]1 ,velvet4 ,%ag 7,sc>f74 ,%e>wat]1 ,manx 7,lyrie74 ,%ovell]--r>e4 ,skua1 ,ri*>dson's 7,scootie-allan74 ,skyl>k 7,lav]ock1 ,lavro74 99,smew--r>e4 ,snipe 7,snippick1 ,horse-g[k74 ,sp>r[1 ,h$ge4 ,sp>r[1 ,h\se 7,sprug74 ,/>l+ 7,/irl+1 ,/rill74 99,/9t1 ,little--r>e4 ,/one*at--r>e4 99,swan1 ,hoop]--r>e4 ,t]n1 ,arctic 7,pickie-t]no1 ,rit-tick74 ,t]n1 ,common 7,pickie-t]no1 ,rit-tick74 ,t]n1 ,s&wi*--r>e4 ,?ru% 7,mavis74 99,turn/one--r>e4 ,twite 7,hea!r ,l9tie74 ,wagtail1 ,pi$ 7,willie-wagtail74 ,w>bl]1 ,s$ge--r>e4 ,:eate> 7,*ackie1 ,/one*at74 ,:imbrel 7,little ,:aup1 ,summ] ,:aup7--r>e4 ,:9*at--r>e4 ,widgeon4 ,woodcock--r>e4 ,wr5 7,wir5n1 ,j5ny ,wr574 ,wr51 ,gold-cre/$--r>e4 ,yell[hamm] 7,yall[ ,y>l+74 ,,app5dix ,,iv4 ,,books ,,= ,,fur!r ,,/udy4 ,! subjo9$ li/ ( books is giv5 z a guide to fur!r /udy by ^? :o may wi% to ext5d _! k ( ,orkney 9 any ( ! aspects sugge/$ 9 ?is book4 ,x is n 9 any s5se a complete li/ ( works relat+ to ! ,isl&s1 nor does x1 on ! o!r h&1 conf9e itself to su* works 9 subjects :]e g5]al /udy is ! be/ f\ndation = local rese>*4 ,! books m>k$ 99 are n[ out ( pr9t1 & c only be obta9$ f libr>ies1 or b\ght1 :5 occasion (f]s1 f deal]s 9 second-h& books4 ,z reg>ds books /ill curr5t1 ! li/ may be helpful to ^? :o are build+ up s*ool or p>i% libr>ies 9 ! ,isl&s4 ,! mo/ complete bibliography ( ,orkney & ,%etl& is ! ,li/ ( ,books & ,pamphlets relat+ to ,orkney & ,%etl&1 by ,james ,w4 ,cursit]1 ,f4,s4,a4,scot4 7,wm4 ,peace & ,son1 ,kirkwall1 #ahid47 ,ar*ology & ,e>ly ,hi/ory4 99,orkney+a ,saga4 ,translat$ by ,hjaltal9 & ,g\die4 ,edit$1 ) ,notes1 by ,&]son4 7,ed9burgh1 #ahgc47 ,! hi/orical introduction by ,dr4 ,joseph ,&]son is ( special value4 ,! ,orkney+]s' ,saga4 ,translat$ by ,sir ,g4 ,w4 ,das5t4 7,london1 #ahid2 ,rolls ,edition47 ,a v f9e spirit$ r5d]+ into ,engli%1 z may be se5 f ! extracts giv5 9 ! fir/ "p ( ?is book4 ,! ,saga ( ,hacon1 & a fragm5t ( ! ,saga ( ,magnus4 ,translat$ by ,sir ,g4 ,w4 ,das5t4 7,london1 #ahid2 ,rolls ,edition47 ,?is gives ! ,norse acc\nt ( ! battle ( ,l>gs1 & ev5ts lead+ up to x4 ,! ,icel&ic text ( ! two prec$+ books is publi%$ 9 sep>ate volumes 9 ! same s]ies4 ,! ,/ory ( ,burnt ,njal4 ,by ,sir ,g4 ,w4 ,das5t4 7,ed9burgh1 #ahfa2 also a lat] & *eap] edition47 ,?is is ! f9e/ ( ! ,icel&ic sagas4 ,x deals ma9ly ) life 9 ,icel&1 b conta9s sev]al ref]5ces to ,orkney "u ,e>l ,sigurd ! ,/\t1 & ! f9e description ( ! battle ( ,clont>f quot$ 9 ?is book4 ,! ,w> ( ! ,ga$hil ) ! ,gaill2 or1 ,! ,invasion ( ,irel& by ! ,danes & o!r ,norsem54 ,iri% text1 ) translation & introduction by ,jas4 ,h4 ,todd4 7,london1 #ahfg2 ,rolls ,edition47 ,?is gives an acc\nt f ! ,iri% po9t ( view ( ! ,norse invasions ( ,irel& up to & includ+ ! battle ( ,clont>f4 ,! ,heimskr+la2 or1 ,*ronicles ( ! ,k+s ( ,norway4 ,translat$ by ,samuel ,la+4 7#c vols41 ,london1 #ahdd2 new edition1 edit$ by ,dr4 ,r4 ,b4 ,&]son1 #d vols41 ,london1 #ahhi47 ,heimskr+la ,saga4 ,! ,saga ,libr>y ,edition4 ,translat$ by ,wm4 ,morris & ,eirikr ,magnusson4 7#d vols41 ,london1 #ahic-aije47 ,! sagas includ$ 9 ! ,heimskr+la =m a hi/ory ( ! e>ly k+s ( ,norway1 & conta9 frequ5t ref]5ces to ,orkney4 ,snorri ,/urlason1 ! au?or1 ranks among ! greate/ ( hi/orians4 ,corpus ,poeticum ,boreale4 ,by ,gudbr& ,vigfusson & ,f4 ,york ,p[ell4 7#b vols41 ,ox=d1 #ahhc47 ,?is is an almo/ complete collection ( old ,norse ,eddic & ,c\rt poetry1 includ+ poems by ,torf ,e9>1 ,arnor ! ,e>l's poet1 ,e>l ,rognvald1 & ,bi%op ,bj>ni4 ,9 a valuable introduction ,vigfusson %[s t _m ( ! ,eddic lays 7 writt5 9 ! we/]n ,norse colonies 9 ! ,briti% ,isles1 & "s ( !m presumably 9 ! ,orkney e>ldom4 ,icel&ic ,prim]4 ,by ,h5ry ,sweet4 7,ox=d1 #ahhf47 ,icel&ic ,prose ,read]4 ,by ,g4 ,vigfusson & ,f4 ,york ,p[ell4 7,ox=d1 #ahgi47 ,icel&ic-,engli% ,diction>y4 ,by ,r4 ,cleasby4 ,edit$ by ,g4 ,vigfusson1 ) app5dix by ,w4 ,w4 ,skeat4 7,london1 #ahgd47 ,! prec$+ ?ree books =m ! be/ equipm5t = /udy+ ! language ( ! ,norse p]iod4 ,! ,dialect & ,place-,names ( ,%etl&4 ,by ,j4 ,jakobs54 7,l]wick1 #ahig47 ,_m ( ! place-names expla9$ occur 9 ,orkney4 ,! ,vik+s 9 ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom1 by ,c4 ,f4 ,ke>y 7,london1 #ahia71 gives an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! e>ly ,vik+ age1 f #ghi to #hhh ,a4,d4 ,saga ,"t1 by ,j4 ,ful=d ,vic>y 7,london1 #ahhg71 gives a popul> description ( society f ! n9? to ! elev5? c5tury4 ,orcades1 seu ,r]um ,orcad5sium ,hi/oria4 ,by ,?ormodus ,torfaeus1 ,icel&ic hi/orian 7#afig74 ,translat$ by ,alex&] ,pope1 m9i/] ( ,reay4 7,wick1 #ahff47 ,only a p>tial translation4 99,acc\nt ( ! ,danes & ,norwegians 9 ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel&4 ,by ,j4 ,j4 ,a4 ,worsaae2 translation4 7,london1 #aheb47 ,a /&>d "w4 ,monum5ta ,orcadica3 ! ,norsem5 9 ! ,orkneys & ! ,monum5ts !y h left1 ) a ,survey ( ! ,celtic ,pre-,norwegian & ,scotti% ,po/-,norwegian ,monum5ts 9 ! ,isl&s4 ,by ,l4 ,dietri*son4 7,*ri/iania1 #aijf47 ,! mo/ rec5t & mo/ sci5tific acc\nt ( ! ,norse rema9s 9 ,orkney1 writt5 9 ,norwegian1 b ) a v full summ>y--almo/ equival5t to a translation--9 ,engli%4 ,( special int]e/ is ! acc\nt ( ! newly-discov]$ mona/]y 9 ,eynhall[4 ,! ,vik+ ,age4 ,by ,paul du ,*aillu4 7#b vols41 ,london1 #ahhi47 ,an acc\nt ( ! mann]s & cu/oms1 z well z ! hi/ory1 ( ! ,vik+ p]iod2 well illu/rat$1 b n accurate or au?oritative4 ,! ,e>ly ,k+s ( ,norway4 ,by ,?omas ,c>lyle4 7,london1 #ahge47 ,a %ort acc\nt ( ! p]iod f #hfj to #acig2 ( no great hi/orical value4 ,norse ,my?ology4 99,nor!rn ,my?ology4 ,by ,b5jam9 ,?orpe4 7#c vols41 ,london1 #ahea47 ,! be/ & mo/ complete "w on ! subject4 ,nor!rn ,antiquities4 ,by ,p4 ,mallet2 translation4 7,london1 #aggj2 edition 9 ,bohn's ,s]ies47 ,! ,my?ology ( ! ,eddas4 ,by ,c4 ,f4 ,ke>y4 7,london1 #ahhb47 ,norse ,my?ology3 ! ,religion ( our ,=efa!rs4 ,by ,r4 ,b4 ,&]son4 7,*icago1 #ahge47 ,asg>d & ! ,gods3 a ,manual ( ,norse ,my?ology4 ,by ,dr4 ,w4 ,wgn]4 7,london1 #ahhj47 ,! be/ popul> book on ! subject4 ,! ,trag$y ( ! ,norse ,gods4 ,by ,r4 ,j4 ,pitt4 ,h]oes & ,h]o-,wor%ip4 ,by ,?omas ,c>lyle4 7,london1 #ahda47 ,! ,e>?ly ,p>adise4 ,by ,william ,morris4 7,london1 #ahfh-gj47 ,sigurd ! ,volsung4 ,by ,william ,morris4 7,london1 #ahgg47 ,epic & ,romance4 ,essays on ,m$ival ,lit]ature by ,w4 ,p4 ,k]4 7,london1 #aijh47 ,an au?oritative & v readable acc\nt ( ! old ,icel&ic lit]>y art4 ,lat] ,hi/ory4 99,hi/ory ( ! ,orkney ,isl&s4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,george ,b>ry4 7,ed9burgh1 #ahje2 repr9t$1 ) prefatory acc\nt ( ! ,isl&s1 ,kirkwall1 #ahfg47 ,"o ( ! /&>d works deal+ ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,isl&s4 99,odal ,rights & ,feudal ,wrongs4 ,by ,david ,balf\r ( ,balf\r4 7,ed9burgh1 #ahfj74 99,oppressions ( ! ,sixte5? ,c5tury 9 ! ,isl&s ( ,orkney & ,zetl&4 7,ed9burgh1 #ahei2 ,abbots=d & ,maitl& ,clubs publications47 ,! above two books give an acc\nt ( ,orkney "u ,scotti% rule4 99,montei?'s ,description ( ! ,isl&s ( ,orkney & ,zetl&4 7,ed9burgh1 #agaa2 repr9t$ #ahde47 99,g5]al ,view ( ! ,agriculture ( ! ,orkney ,isl&s4 ,by ,john ,%irreff4 7,ed9burgh1 #ahad47 ,an exce$+ly int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! /ate ( ! ,isl&s 9 ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury4 ,description ( ! ,isles ( ,orkney4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,james ,wallace 7m9i/] ( ,kirkwall74 ,publi%$ by 8 son4 7,ed9burgh1 #afic2 repr9t$1 ) notes by ,john ,small1 ,m4,a41 ,ed9burgh1 #ahhc47 ,! ,pres5t ,/ate ( ! ,orkney ,isl&s ,consid]$4 ,by ,james ,fea 7,surgeon74 7,ed9burgh1 #agge2 repr9t$1 ,ed9burgh1 #ahhd47 ,orkney & ,%etl& ,old-,lore ,s]ies4 ,a miscellany issu$ qu>t]ly by ! ,vik+ ,club1 ,london2 conta9s num]\s articles ( hi/orical int]e/4 ,descriptive4 99,! ,orkneys & ,%etl&4 ,by ,john ,r4 ,tudor4 7,london1 #ahhc47 ,! be/ descriptive "w on ! c\nty2 at once popul> & sy/ematic4 ,kirkwall 9 ! ,orkneys4 ,by ,b4 ,h4 ,hossack4 7,kirkwall1 #aijj47 ,an extremely full & detail$ descriptive & hi/orical acc\nt ( ! t[n ( ,kirkwall4 99,hi/ory ( ! ,orkney ,isl&s1 by ! ,rev4 ,george ,b>ry 7,kirkwall edition1 #ahfg71 conta9s a well-writt5 description ( ! ,isl&s4 99,summ]s & ,w9t]s ,9 ! ,orkneys4 ,by ,daniel ,gorrie4 7,kirkwall1 ,n4,d47 ,a valuable s]ies ( sket*es ( ,orcadian sc5]y & ! conditions ( life ab\t ! middle ( la/ c5tury4 ,rambles ,9 ! ,f> ,nor?4 ,by ,r4 ,m4 ,f]gusson4 7,paisley1 #ahhd47 ,our ,trip ,nor?4 ,by ,r4 ,m4 ,f]gusson4 7,london1 #ahib47 ,h&book to ! ,orkney ,isl&s4 7,w4 ,peace & ,son1 ,kirkwall47 ,full ( int]e/4 ,orkney & ,%etl&4 ,by ,m4 ,j4 ,b4 ,baddeley1 ,b4,a4 ,?or\gh ,guide ,s]ies4 7,?omas ,nelson & ,sons1 ,london47 ,! be/ t\ri/ guide to ! ,isl&s4 ,orkney & ,%etl& ,almanac & ,c\nty ,directory 7,w4 ,peace & ,son1 ,kirkwall2 issu$ annually7 conta9s /ati/ical & o!r mat]ial ( value4 ,! ,nor? ,sea ,pilot4 ,"p ,i4 7,london1 #ahid47 ,a ,gov]nm5t publication = ! use ( m>9]s4 ,( mu* value to ,orcadians int]e/$ 9 boat+ or 9 navigation4 ,t\r ?r\gh ! ,isl&s ( ,orkney & ,%etl&4 ,by ! ,rev4 ,george ,l[1 ) introduction by ,dr4 ,joseph ,&]son4 7,kirkwall1 #ahgi47 ,an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ! appe>ance ( ! ,isl&s at ! end ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,geology4 ,!re is no book deal+ specifically ) ! geology ( ,orkney4 ,rec\rse mu/ be _h ei!r to books deal+ ) ! sci5ce g5]ally1 or to ^? deal+ ) ! ,isl&s 9 :i* _! geology is includ$4 ,! ,orkneys & ,%etl& 7,tudor7 conta9s an acc\nt ( ! geology ( ! isl&s1 writt5 by ,drs4 ,pea* & ,horne1 ) a useful geological map4 ,! mo/ rec5t & complete geological survey ( ,orkney is t by ,dr4 ,j4 ,s4 ,flett1 an acc\nt ( :i* is conta9$ 9 two pap]s 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,ed9burgh4 ,"s ( ,hugh ,mill]'s works1 su* z ,! ,te/imony ( ! ,rocks1 ,! ,old ,r$ ,s&/one1 ,rambles ( a ,geologi/1 & ,footpr9ts ( ! ,creator1 conta9 num]\s ref]5ces to ! geology ( ,orkney4 ,rob]t ,dick1 by ,dr4 ,samuel ,smiles1 is an int]e/+ acc\nt ( a ,?urso bak] :o devot$ 8 life to ! /udy ( geology 9 ,cai?ness1 :]e ! rook =mation is ! same z t ( ,orkney4 ,among g5]al works 9 geology suitable = beg9n]s may be m5tion$ ,huxley's ,physiography & ,sir ,ar*ibald ,geikie's ,outl9es ( ,field ,geology1 8 ,class-book ( ,geology1 & 8 ,sc5]y ( ,scotl&4 ,botany4 ,! ,orkneys & ,%etl& 7,tudor7 conta9s a li/ ( ! r>] ,briti% plants f\nd 9 ,orkney1 compil$ by ,w4 ,i4 ,=tescue4 ,volume xviii4 ( ! ,transactions ( ! ,botanical ,society ( ,ed9burgh conta9s a complete li/ ( ,orkney plants by ,pr(4 ,j4 ,w4 ,h4 ,traill4 ,ano!r li/ is 9 prep>ation by ,mr4 ,magnus ,sp5ce4 ,! ,m>9e ,alg ( ! ,orkney ,isl&s1 by ,g4 ,w4 ,traill 7,ed9burgh1 #ahij71 conta9s a li/ ( ! seawe$s ( ,orkney4 ,! foll[+ are "s g5]al works on botany :i* may be ( s]vice to ! beg9n]3--,op5-air ,/udies 9 ,botany1 by ,r4 ,l4 ,praeg] 7,london1 #ahig71 a /udy ( wild fl[]s 9 _! homes1 ) illu/rations2 ,fl[]+ ,plants1 _! ,/ructure & ,habitat1 by ,c4 ,l4 ,laurie1 illu/rat$ 7,london1 #aijc72 ,nature ,/udies1 by ,g4 ,f4 ,scott-,elliot 7,london1 #aijc72 ,a ,plant ,book = ,s*ools1 by ,o4 ,v4 ,d>by%ire1 illu/rat$ 7,london1 #aijh72 ,fl[]s ( ! ,field1 by ,c4 ,a4 ,johns 7,london1 #ahid74 ,common ,objects ( ! ,sea%ore1 by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,wood 7,london1 #ahff71 conta9s good descriptions & illu/rations ( ! seawe$s4 ,= id5tification ( plants p]haps ! be/ books are ! ,briti% ,flora1 by ,b5?am & ,hook] 7,london1 #aijd71 & ,illu/rations to ,b5?am & ,hook]'s ,briti% ,flora1 by ,fit* & ,smi? 7,london1 #aije74 ,= mosses1 ! be/ book is ,dixon & ,jameson's ,/ud5t's ,h&book ( ,briti% ,mosses4 ,zoology4 ,= a g5]al introduction to natural hi/ory ! be/ books are--,life & h] ,*ildr5 7,london1 #ahhj71 & ,w9n]s 9 ,life's ,race 7,london1 #ahhb71 by ,miss ,a4 ,b4 ,buckley 7,mrs4 ,fi%]71 & ,pr(essor ,ar?ur ,j4 ,?omson's fasc9at+ ,/udy ( ,animal ,life1 :i* gives a li/ ( o!r books on zoology4 ,! animals ( ! sea%ore are dealt ) 9 ,rev4 ,j4 ,g4 ,wood's ,common ,objects ( ! ,sea%ore & ,fre% & ,salt ,wat] ,aqu>ium2 ,seaside ,/udies1 by ,g4 ,h4 ,lewes2 ,! ,aqu>ium1 by ,p4 ,h4 ,gosse2 & ,! ,aqu>ium1 its ,inhabitants1 ,/ructure1 & ,managem5t1 by ,j4 ,e4 ,taylor4 ,gosse's ,manual ( ,m>9e ,zoology = ! ,briti% ,isles 7#b vols41 ,london1 #ahef7 /ill rema9s ! be/ book = ! id5tification ( m>9e animals4 ,= ! /udy ( birds ! be/ works are ! foll[+3--,! ,birds ( ,%etl&1 by ,h4 ,l4 ,saxby 7,ed9burgh1 #ahhd72 ,! ,birds ( ! ,we/ ( ,scotl&1 by ,rob]t ,gray2 ,bird-,wat*+ & ,! ,bird-,wat*] 9 ! ,%etl&s1 by ,edmund ,sel\s4 ,saund]s's ,manual ( ,briti% ,birds 7,london1 #ahhi7 is ! be/ s+le book = ! id5tification ( birds1 ea* species be+ illu/rat$4 ,! ,v]tebrate ,fauna ( ! ,orkney ,isl&s1 by ,j4 ,a4 ,h>vie ,br[n & ,t4 ,e4 ,buckley 7,ed9burgh1 #ahia71 is 9 great] "p a li/ ( ! birds ( ,orkney1 ) a %ort acc\nt ( ea*4 ,orcadian ,pap]s3 be+ ,selections f ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,orkney ,natural ,hi/ory ,society f #ahhg to #aijd4 ,edit$ by ,m4 ,m4 ,oh>leson1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,scot4 7,/romness1 #aije47 ,! selections are n conf9$ to natural hi/ory1 b include hi/orical & o!r contributions4 ,fiction1 ,poetry1 etc4 ,! ,pirate4 ,by ,sir ,walt] ,scott4 ,poems1 etc4 ,by ,david ,v$d]4 ,edit$ by ! ,rev4 ,g4 ,gilfillan4 7,kirkwall1 ,n4,d47 ,poems1 ,tales1 & ,sket*es4 ,by ,lieut5ant ,john ,malcolm1 ) introduction by ! ,rev4 ,g4 ,gilfillan4 7,kirkwall1 ,n4,d47 99,! ,orcadian ,sket*-,book4 ,by ,walt] ,traill ,d5nison4 7,kirkwall1 #ahhj47 ,a unique collection ( /ories & poems writt5 9 ! 8,nor? ,isles0 dialect ( ! ,orkney v]nacul>4 ,orcadian ,sket*es4 ,by ,w4 ,t4 ,d5nison4 ,) introduction by ,j4 ,/or] ,cl\/on4 7,kirkwall1 #aijd47 ,a selection f ! prec$+4 ,! ,pilots ( ,pomona4 ,by ,rob]t ,leighton4 7,london1 #ahib47 ,sons ( ! ,vik+s4 ,by ,dr4 ,j4 ,gunn1 ,m4,a4 7,ed9burgh1 #ahic4 ,*eap] edition1 #aiji47 ,! ,boys ( ,hamnavoe4 ,by ,dr4 ,j4 ,gunn1 ,m4,a4 7,ed9burgh1 #ahid47 ,v&rad ! ,vik+4 ,by ,j4 ,/or] ,cl\/on4 7,ed9burgh1 #ahig47 ,g>misca?4 ,by ,j4 ,/or] ,cl\/on4 7,*eap] edition1 ,london1 #aijd47 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 addition to ! mat]ial available 9 book =m1 mu* excell5t lit]ature 9 prose & 9 v]se1 ) m or less direct relation to ,orkney1 has appe>$ 9 v>i\s magaz9es above ! names ( ,duncan ,j4 ,rob]tson1 ,j4 ,/or] ,cl\/on1 & o!rs1 specim5s ( :i* are includ$ 9 ! pages ( ?is volume4 ,,! ,,end4 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,great ,,brita94