,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,und]scores 80 be=e & aft] a ^w or phrase indicate italics 9 ! orig9al text4 ,equal signs 80 be=e & aft] a ^w or phrase indicate bold 9 ! orig9al text4 ,small capitals h be5 conv]t$ to ,,solid capitals4 ,illu/rations & footnotes h be5 mov$ s !y d n break up p>agraphs4 ,deprecat$ spell+s h be5 pres]v$4 ,typographical & punctuation errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,,! ,,antiqu>y',s ,,books ,,g5]al ,,editor3 ,j4 ,,*>les ,,cox1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,celtic ,,art ,,9 ,,pagan ,,& ,,*ri/ian ,,times ,,by ,j4 ,,romilly ,,all51 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,) ,,num]\s ,,illu/rations ,,me?u5 ,,co4 #cf ,,essex ,,/reet ,w4,c4 ,,london ,fir/ ,publi%$ 9 #aijd ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,preface xv ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,cont95tal ,,celts ,,& ,,h[ ,,!y ,,came ,,to ,,brita9 #a ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,pagan ,,celtic ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,bronze ,,age #bb ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,pagan ,,celtic ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,iron ,,age #fa ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,pagan ,,celtic ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,iron ,,age #ij ,,*apt] ,v ,,pagan ,,celtic ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,iron ,,age #abi ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,celtic ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,p]iod #afb ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,celtic ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,p]iod #bcb ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,celtic ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,p]iod #bed ,,index #cje ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,! ,,text ,,page ,! ,hall/att ,sword #h ,ornam5t on bronze sword-%ea? f ,la ,tne #aa ,gauli% helmet ( bronze f ,gorge-,meillet #ab ,*evron patt]ns ( ! ,bronze ,age #bg-cf ,bronze spe>-heads ornam5t$ ) r[s ( dots #ci ,gold lunula f ,kill>ney #dj ,longitud9al section ( *amb] & passage ( ,tumulus at ,newgrange1 ,co4 ,mea? #de ,plan ( *amb] & passage ( ,tumulus at ,newgrange1 ,co4 ,mea? #dg ,spiral ornam5t at ,newgrange1 ,co4 ,mea? #dh ,slab ) spiral ornam5t outside entrance to passage ( ,tumulus at ,newgrange1 ,co4 ,mea? #di ,spiral ornam5t on bronze axe-head f ,d5m>k #ea ,bronze axe-head ) spiral ornam5t f ,sw$5 #eb ,w9d+-b& 7curv$ swa/ika71 sculptur$ on rock ne> ,ilkley1 ,york%ire #eh ,cup-&-r+ sculptures on rock at ,ilkley1 ,york%ire #ei ,bronze sword-%ea?s f ,hunsbury #ig ,silv]-gilt fibul f\nd 9 ,nor?umb]l& #ajd ,bronze bead$ torque f ,lo*> ,moss1 ,dumfries%ire #aab ,late-,celtic bronze spoon f ,brickhill ,lane1 ,london #aai ,late-,celtic bronze spoon f ,crosby ,rav5swor?1 ,we/morel& #aai ,late-,celtic spoon1 "o ( a pair1 f ,we/on1 ne> ,ba? #abj ,late-,celtic urns f ,%oebury1 ,essex #abc ,late-,celtic bronze mirror f ,trelan ,bah[1 ,cornwall #aca ,bronze sword-%ea? f ,hunsbury #acb ,late-,celtic pott]y f ! ,gla/onbury ,lake ,village #adb ,late-,celtic wood5 tub f\nd at ! ,gla/onbury ,lake ,village #adg ,h&les ( pair ( ,late-,celtic spoons f ,we/on1 ne> ,ba? #adg ,engrav$ bone object f ,slieve-na-,caillighe1 ,co4 ,mea? #aej ,fibula ( bronze-gilt f sica #aeb ,coll> f ,broight]1 ,limavady1 ,co4 ,londond]ry #aec ,spiral ornam5t 9 illum9at$ ,,ms copi$ f rep\ss metalwork #aed ,%ad+ ( p>allel l9es #aef ,cross-hat*+ plac$ diagonally #aef ,cross-hat*+ plac$ diagonally1 ) dots #aeg ,cross-hat*+ ( d\ble l9es plac$ diagonally #aeg ,*equ]work grass-matt+ %ad+ #aeg ,eng9e-turn$ %ad+ #aeh ,dott$ %ad+ #aeh ,swa/ika design on %ield f ! ,?ames #aei ,engrav$ ornam5t f\nd at ! ,gla/onbury ,lake village #afa ,h&les ( bronze b[l f\nd at ,b>la/on1 ,/af=d%ire #aff ,h&le ( bronze b[l f ,*e/]ton-on-,fossway1 ,w>wick%ire #afg ,h&le ( bronze b[l f ,*e/]ton-on-,fossway1 ,w>wick%ire #afh ,spiral ornam5t f ! ,book ( ,durr[ #afi ,cross-slab f ,p5-,ar?ur1 ,pembroke%ire #aha ,erect cross-slab at ,/4 ,madoes1 ,p]?%ire #ahc ,cross at ,p5mon1 ,anglesey #ahe ,great :eel-cross ( ,conbel9 at ,m>gam ,abbey1 ,glamorgan%ire #ahg ,cross at ,neuadd ,si>man1 ne> ,buil?1 ,brecknock%ire #ahi ,cross at ,nev]n1 ,pembroke%ire #aia ,p9-broo* f ,clonmacnois1 ,k+'s ,co4 #bba ,pi]c$ m>ble scre5 at ,rav5na #bde ,regul> plaitwork )\t any break #bei ,me?od ( mak+ breaks 9 plaitwork #bei ,regul> plaitwork1 ) "o v]tical break & "o horizontal break #bfj ,six-cord plait1 ) horizontal breaks at regul> int]vals #bfj ,cross-%aft at ,gold5 ,grove1 ,c>m>!n%ire #bfa ,cross-%aft at ,llantwit ,major1 ,glamorgan%ire #bfa ,eight-cord plaits1 ) cruci=m breaks #bfb1 #bfc ,six-cord plait1 ) cruci=m breaks #bfd ,t5-cord plait1 ) cruci=m breaks #bfd ,knots d]iv$ f a ?ree-cord plait #bfd ,diagrams ( knotwork #bfe1 #bff ,me?od ( d]iv+ knots ,nos4 #c & #f f a f\r-cord plait #bfg ,knots ,nos4 #d1 #e1 #g1 & #h d]iv$ f a f\r-cord plait #bfh ,knot ,no4 #a1 d]iv$ f ei!r a ?ree-cord or a six-cord plait #bfh ,knots #c & #d1 d]iv$ f a six-cord plait #bfi ,evolution ( knot ,no4 #a f a six-cord plait #bfi ,evolution ( knot ,no4 #g f an eight-cord plait #bga1 #bgb ,diagrams ( knotwork #bgc ,knotwork f ,ramsbury1 ,wilts1 & ,nigg1 ,ross-%ire #bgd ,circul> knotwork f ,t>bet1 ,ross-%ire #bgf ,circul> knotwork f ,mona/]boice1 ,co4 ,l\? #bgf ,triangul> knotwork f ,ulb/]1 ,cai?ness #bgg ,triangul> knotwork f ,dunfall&y1 ,p]?%ire #bgh ,key-patt]ns #bhj1 #bhb ,%aft ( cross ( ,eiudon at ,gold5 ,grove1 ,c>m>!n%ire #bhc ,erect cross-slab at ,rosem>kie1 ,ross-%ire #bhd ,me?ods ( connect+ spirals #bhe ,tree key-patt]n1 ,meigle1 ,p]?%ire #bhf ,key-patt]n bord] f ! ,book ( ,kells #bhg ,me?od ( connect+ spirals #bhh ,,li/ ,,( ,,plates ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,grave ( a ,gauli% w>rior at ,se/o-,cal5de1 ,i4 ,italy ,to face page #h ,bronze fibul ( ,la ,tne type f ! cemet]ies ( ! ,m>ne ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,bronze armlet ( ! ,la ,tne p]iod f ,g]many ,,ii4 ,bronze armlet ( ! ,la ,tne p]iod f 0 #aj ,longirod 7,vaud7 ,bronze armlet ( ! ,la ,tne p]iod f ! cemet]ies ( ! ,m>ne ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,,iii4 ,gauli% helmet ( bronze f ,b]ru 7,m>ne7 0 #ab ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,,iv4 ,c9]>y urn ( ,bronze ,age f ,lake1 ,wilts1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,height #a ft4 #c ins4 0 #bb ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,bronze ,age urn ( 8,inc5se-,cup0 type f ,aldb\rne1 ,wilts1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,height #c ins4 ,v4 ,bronze ,age urn ( 8,food-,vessel0 type f 0 #bd ,alw9ton1 ,nor?umb]l&1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,height #e ins4 ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,,vi4 ,bronze ,age urn ( 8,dr9k+-,cup0 type f ,lak5hea?1 ,suffolk1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,height #g ins4 0 #bf ---------------------------------------- -------------- ,spiral ornam5t on /one ball f ,t[ie1 ,ab]de5%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum4 ,scale #a_/a l9e> ,,vii4 ,w9d+-b& curv$ swa/ika on sword-hilt f ,d5m>k 0 #eh ,bronze sword-hilt ) w9d+-b& patt]n f ,d5m>k ,bronze sword-hilt ) spiral ornam5t f ,d5m>k ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,,viii4 ,bronze mirror f ,birdlip1 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,gl\ce/] ,museum4 ,r4 ,w4 ,dugdale1 photo 0 #fh ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,,ix4 ,iron dagg] ) bronze hilt & %ea? f ! ,riv] ,)am 0 #ib ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,x4 ,bronze h>ness-r+s f ,pold5 ,hill1 ,som]set%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,scale l9e> 0 #id ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,late-,celtic bronze fibula f ,walm]1 ,k5t1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,scale l9e> ,late-,celtic fibula f ,irel&1 n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 ,dubl9 ,,xi4 ,enamell$ bronze fibula f ,ris+ham1 0 #ih ,nor?umb]l&1 n[ 9 ! ,newca/le ,museum ,bronze fibula f ,wat] ,eaton1 ,oxon1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,scale l9e> ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,bronze fibula f ,clogh]1 ,co4 ,tyrone1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,scale #a_/a l9e> ,late-,celtic bronze fibula 7locality unkn[n71 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,scale #a_/a l9e> ,,xii4 ,s-%ap$ enamel bronze fibula 7locality unkn[n71 0 #ajj n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,scale #a_/a l9e> ,s-%ap$ fibula ( enamell$ bronze f ,norton1 ,e4 ,rid+ ( ,york%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,scale #a_/a l9e> ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,bronze fibula f ,pold5 ,hill1 ,som]set%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 side view4 ,scale l9e> ,bronze fibula f ,pold5 ,hill1 ,som]set%ire1 n[ ,,xiii4 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 front view4 ,scale l9e> ,bronze fibula f ,riv] ,*urn1 n[ 9 ! 0 #ajb ,briti% ,museum1 front view4 ,scale #a_/a l9e> ,bronze fibula f ,riv] ,*urn1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 side view4 ,scale #a_/a l9e> ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,bronze hook-&-disc ornam5t f ,irel&1 n[ 9 ! ,dubl9 ,museum ,bronze p9 enamell$ f ,danes' ,graves ne> ,,xiv4 ,driffield1 ,york%ire 0 #ajh ,bronze disc fibula ) ,late-,celtic ornam5t f ,sil*e/]1 n[ at ,/ra?fieldsaye ,h\se4 ,s4 ,victor ,:ite1 ( ,read+1 photo ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,bronze bead$ torque f ,m[road1 ne> ,,xv4 ,ro*dale4 ,scale l9e> 0 #aaj ,bronze coll> f ,wraxhall1 n[ 9 ! ,bri/ol ,museum ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,xvi4 ,bronze armlets f ! ,culb9 ,s&s1 n[ at ,altyre1 ne> ,=res1 ,n4,b4 0 #aab ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,xvii4 ,late-,celtic bronze mirror 9 ! ,may] ,museum1 ,liv]pool 7locality unkn[n7 0 #aad ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,xviii4 ,late-,celtic pott]y f ,hunsbury1 n[ 9 ! ,nor?ampton ,museum 0 #abb ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,late-,celtic pott]y f ,y>nton1 ,ox=d%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,scale l9e> ,,xix4 ,late-,celtic pott]y f ,k5t's ,cav]n ne> 0 #abd ,torquay1 ,devon%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,scale l9e> ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,granite monoli? ) ,late-,celtic sculpture at ,turoe1 ,co4 ,galway4 ,height ( /one #d ft4 ,,xx4 ,reproduc$ f a photograph by ,mr4 ,a4 ,mc,googan 0 #abh illu/rat+ ,mr4 ,george ,c(fey's pap] 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,cruci=m h>ness-m\nt+ ( bronze enamell$ 7locality unkn[n71 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,,xxi4 ,scale #a_/a l9e> 0 #acf ,bronze enamell$ h>ness-m\nt+ f ,pold5 ,hill1 ,som]set%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,scale l9e> ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,upp] "p ( bronze sword-%ea? f ,lisnacrogh]a ,co41 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,,xxii4 ,l[] "p ( bronze sword-%ea? f 0 #adh ,lisnacrogh]a ,co41 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,h&le ( ,late-,celtic bronze tank>d1 ,trawsfynydd1 ,m]ione?%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,may] ,museum1 ,liv]pool ,,xxiii4 ,bridle-bit ( bronze enamell$1 f ,rise ne> 0 #aej ,hull1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,scale l9e> ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,xxiv4 ,detail ( ornam5t on ,late-,celtic bronze %ield f ! ,?ames at ,batt]sea1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 0 #aeb ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,circul> disc ( bronze ) rep\ss ornam5t f ,irel&1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,,xxv4 ,bronze enamell$ h>ness-r+ f ,we/hall1 ,suffolk1 0 #aed n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,scale l9e> ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,ca/ ( metal object 7locality unkn[n7 f ! ,alb]t ,way ,collection1 n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,,xxvi4 ,society ( ,antiqu>ies1 ,burl+ton ,h\se ,cov] ( ! ,/[e ,missal1 9 ! ,museum ( ! 0 #agj ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 ,dubl9 7,a4,d4 #ajbc to #ajeb7 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,xxvii4 ,erect cross-slab 9 ,ab]lemno ,*ur*y>d1 ,=f>%ire4 ,john ,patrick1 ( ,ed9burgh1 photo 0 #ahd ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,xxviii4 ,bronze bell ) engrav$ ornam5t f ,l\gh ,l5e ,ca/le1 ,co4 ,we/mea?1 9 ! ,museum ( ! 0 #bjb ,royal ,iri% ,academy ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,xxix4 ,! %r9e ( ! bell ( ,/4 ,patrick's ,w1 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 ,dubl9 0 #bjd 7,a4,d4 #ajia to #aaje7 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,xxx4 ,head ( ! ,lismore crozi] at ,lismore ,ca/le1 ,co4 ,wat]=d 7,a4,d4 #ajij to #aaac7 0 #bjf ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,celtic quadrangul> bell ( bronze ) zomorphic h&les f ,llangwynodl ,*ur*1 ,c>n>von%ire1 n[ 9 ! possession ( ,corbet ,yale-,jones ,p>ry1 ,esq41 ( ,madryn ,ca/le1 ,pwllheli4 ,mr4 ,morgan ,,xxxi4 ,evans1 ( ,pwllheli1 photo4 0 #baj ,bronze reliqu>y f ,l[] ,l\gh ,erne1 n[ 9 ! possession ( ,t4 ,plunkett1 ,esq41 ( ,enniskill54 #g ins4 long by #e ins4 high by #c ins4 wide4 ,r4 ,wel*1 ( ,belfa/1 photo4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,bronze fibula ) plaitwork & ,late-,celtic ornam5t f ! ,ardakill5 ,crannog1 ne> ,/roke/[n1 ,co4 ,roscommon1 n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,,xxxii4 ,academy1 ,dubl9 0 #baf ,detail ( ornam5t on ! und]side ( ! foot ( ! ,ardagh *alice1 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 ,dubl9 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,xxxiii4 ,silv] p5annul> broo* f ,irel&1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,scale l9e> 0 #bbb ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,xxxiv4 ,biskra woman we>+ a pair ( p5annul> broo*es1 ! ends ( ! p9s po9t+ upw>ds 0 #bbd ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,xxxv4 ,details ( ornam5ts on ! ,t>a broo* 0 #bbf ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,xxxvi4 ,details ( ornam5ts on ! ,t>a broo* 0 #bbh ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,xxxvii4 ,details ( ornam5t on ! ,t>a broo*1 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 ,dubl9 0 #bcj ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,circul> knotwork on slab 9 *ur* ( ,/a4 ,sab9a1 ,rome ,,xxxviii4 ,doorway ( ! *apel ( ,s4 ,z5o 9 ! *ur* 0 #bdd ( ,s4 ,prass$e1 %[+ brok5 plaitwork on jambs 7,a4,d4 #ggb to #gie7 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,xxxix4 ,key patt]n1 ,s4 ,apoll9>e ,nuovo1 ,rav5na ,v9e 0 #bdf scrolls1 ,s4 ,apoll9>e ,nuovo1 ,rav5na ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,plaitwork ( ,romano-,briti% pavem5t at ,lydney ,p>k1 ,,xl4 ,gl\ce/]%ire 0 #beh ,plaitwork 9 ciborium 9 ! *ur* ( ,san ,clem5te1 ,rome 7fif? c5tury7 ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,xli4 ,erect cross-slab f ,collieburn1 ,su!rl&1 n[ 9 ! ,dunrob9 ,museum 0 #bgd ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,xlii4 ,detail ( ornam5t on erect cross-slab at ,nigg1 ,ross-%ire 0 #bgf ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,f\r m5 plac$ swa/ika fa%ion on recumb5t pavem5t at ,meigle1 ,p]?%ire4 ,scale l9e> ,,xliii4 ,spiral ornam5t on fragm5t ( sculptur$ /one 0 #bhh f ,t>bet1 ,ross-%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,xliv4 ,detail ( ornam5t on erect cross-slab at ,nigg1 0 #bib ,ross-%ire ---------------------------------------- ------------------- ,,preface ,?is "w is an attempt--:e!r successful or n ! critic mu/ decide--to give a concise summ>y ( ! facts at pres5t available = =m+ a !ory z to ! orig9 & developm5t ( ,celtic art 9 ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&4 ,by ,celtic art is meant ! art ( ! peoples 9 ,europe :o spoke ! ,celtic language1 b x mu/ always be borne 9 m9d t al?\gh l+ui/ically !y 7 ,celts1 yet racially !y 7 ( mix$ ,celtic & ,ib]ian blood1 s t _! art 0 possibly q z mu* ,ib]ian z ,celtic4 ,x is only s9ce ! epo*-mak+ discov]ies ( ,s*liemann 9 ,greece1 ( ,fl9d]s ,petrie 9 ,egypt1 & ( ,ar?ur ,evans 9 ,crete t x has be5 possible 9 a satisfactory mann] to connect ! culture ( ,brita9 9 ! ,bronze ,age ) ! correspond+ culture on ! ,cont95t4 ,x is n[ q cle> t c]ta9 *>act]i/ic decorative motives1 su* z ! div]g5t spiral1 are ( =eign orig9 in/ead ( hav+ be5 inv5t$ 9 ,irel&1 z 0 at "o "t believ$4 ,o!r discov]ies made 9 ,engl&1 m especially ^? at ,ayles=d1 ,gla/onbury1 ,m\nt ,caburn1 & ,hunsbury1 h ?r[n an entirely new light on ! ar*ology ( ?is c\ntry by %[+ t ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age began "h two or ?ree c5turies at lea/ be=e ! ,roman occupation4 ,la/ly1 ! explorations made by ,cont95tal antiqu>ies at ,hall/att 9 ,au/ria1 ,la ,tne 9 ,switz]l&1 & 9 ! ,gauli% cemet]ies ( ! ,m>ne di/rict 9 ,france1 po9t to ! s\rces ( ! culture to :i* ! late ,sir ,wolla/on ,franks gave ! "n 8,late-,celtic40 ,celtic art naturally divides itself into two di/9ct p]iods1 ! ,pagan & ! ,*ri/ian4 ,) reg>d to ! latt]1 ! rema9s h be5 s fully inve/igat$ t x is h>dly probable any new facts w be br\ght to light :i* w s]i\sly alt] ! conclusions n[ arriv$ at4 ,) reg>d to ! ,pagan p]iod ! case is altoge!r diff]5t1 z mo/ ( ! f9ds hi!rto made h be5 due to accid5t1 & until ! l>ge numb] ( inhabit$ & =tifi$ sites belong+ to ?is p]iod are sy/ematically excavat$ our k mu/ necess>ily rema9 incomplete4 ,i h endeav\r$ to give 9 ! footnotes all ! s\rces :5ce my in=mation has be5 obta9$1 b ,i %\ld l m especially to ackn[l$ge my indebt$ness to ,a4 ,b]tr& & ,s4 ,re9a*'s ,les ,celtes dans les ,valles du ,p et du ,danube2 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,pagan ,times & ,scotl& 9 ,*ri/ian ,times2 ,ar?ur ,evans' pap]s on ! ,ayles=d1 sica1 & ,limavady f9ds 9 ! ,ar*ologia2 & ,george ,c(fey's pap]s on ! ornam5t ( ! ,bronze ,age1 ,newgrange1 etc41 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,irel&1 & 9 ! ,transactions & ,proce$+s ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy4 ,! !ory ( ! evolution ( ,celtic knotwork out ( plaitwork 7z expla9$ on pages #beg to #bgh7 is entirely orig9al1 &1 simple z x appe>s :5 expla9$1 took me q tw5ty ye>s to ?9k out :il/ classify+ ! patt]ns t occur on ! e>ly ,*ri/ian monum5ts ( ,scotl&1 ,engl&1 ,wales1 & ,irel&1 ne>ly all ( :i* ,i h exam9$ p]sonally4 ,no illu/rations are giv5 ( ! pages ( ! ,celtic illum9at$ ,,mss4 on acc\nt ( ! difficulty ( mak+ satisfactory reproductions ( !m on a small scale4 ,i h ?\ght x bett] to ref] ! read] ei!r to ! ,,mss4 !mselves or to ! ,publications ( ! ,palographical ,society & ,pr(essor ,j4 ,o4 ,we/wood's ,m9iatures ( ! ,anglo-,saxon & ,iri% ,manuscripts4 ,a l>ge numb] ( photographs ( ,late-,celtic metalwork 9 ! ,briti% ,museum h be5 specially tak5 = ?is "w by ,mr4 ,h4 ,oldl&1 ) ! k9d p]mission ( ,mr4 ,c4 ,h4 ,read1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,i am indebt$ to ! ,rev4 ,canon ,w4 ,bazeley = obta9+ a photograph ( ! ,birdlip mirror 9 ! ,gl\ce/] ,museum1 & to ,mr4 ,george = ! loan ( ,sir ,h4 ,dryd5's draw+s ( ! ,hunsbury sword-%ea? 9 ! ,nor?ampton ,museum4 ,mr4 ,george ,c(fey1 ,m4,r4,i4,a41 ( ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 has also f "t to "t be5 good en\gh to assi/ me 9 v>i\s ways4 ,! photographs ( ! ca/ ( ! ,nigg cross 7 tak5 by ,messrs4 ,m4 & ,t4 ,scott1 ( ,ed9burgh1 = ,mr4 ,d4 ,j4 ,vallance1 ! curator ( ! ,museum ( ,sci5ce & ,art at ,ed9burgh4 ,= ! use ( electrotypes ( blocks ,i h to give my be/ ?anks to ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,london1#a ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&1#b ! ,royal ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,irel&1#c ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy1#d ! ,royal ,ar*ological ,in/itute1#e ! ,cambrian ,ar*ological ,association1#f ! ,som]set%ire ,ar*ological ,society1#g & ! publi%]s ( ! ,antiqu>y1#h ! ,reliqu>y1#i & ! ,illu/rat$ ,ar*ologi/4#aj ,plates ,,xxvi41 ,,xxix41 ,,xxxv41 ,,xxxvi41 & ,,xxxvii4 are f ! s]ies ( photographs tak5 by ,mr4 ,w4 ,g4 ,moore1 ( ,upp] ,sackville ,/reet1 ,dubl91 = ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy4 #a ,blocks on pp4 #aab1 #abc1 #aeb1 #aec1 #aff1 #afg1 #afh4 #b ,blocks on pp4 #aed1 #afi1 #ahc1 #bgf to #bgh1 #bgd to #bhh4 #c ,blocks on pp4 #aej1 #bba4 #d ,blocks on pp4 #ci1 #dj1 #de1 #dg4 #e ,blocks on pp4 #aai1 #abj1 #aca1 #adg4 #f ,blocks on pp4 #bg to #cf1 #aha1 #ahe1 #ahg1 #ahi1 #aia1 #bei to #bfi1 #bga to #bgc1 #bhc4 #g ,blocks on p4 #adb4 #h ,blocks on pp4 #adg1 #afa4 #i ,blocks on pp4 #ajd4 #aj ,plate ,,xxxiv4 ,,celtic ,,art ,,9 ,,pagan ,,& ,,*ri/ian ,,times ,,*apt] ,i ,,! ,,cont95tal ,,celts ,,& ,,h[ ,,!y ,,came ,,to ,,brita9 ,,! ,,celts ,a ,,bran* ,,( ,,! ,,aryan ,,family ,,( ,,nations ,all ! nations at pres5t inhabit+ ,europe1 ) ! exception ( ! ,turks1 ! ,f9ns1 ! ,magy>s1 & ! ,basques1 speak ,aryan languages1 & are to a l>ge ext5t ( ,aryan desc5t1#aa al?\gh _! blood has be5 mix$ f "t to "t ) t ( ! ,neoli?ic non-,aryan aborig9es4 ,! ,celts1 !re=e1 belong to ! ,aryan gr\p ( nations1 & came f ! same cradle ( ! race 9 ,c5tral ,asia z did ! ance/ors ( ! ,greeks1 ,italians1 ,teutons1 ,slavs1 ,arm5ians1 ,p]sians1 & ! *ief peoples ( ,h9du/an4 #aa ,! fallacy t id5tity ( language or ( culture necess>ily implies id5tity ( race mu/ be c>efully gu>d$ aga9/4 ,x has be5 ! fa%ion among/ p]sons hold+ :at !y suppose to be advanc$ views to dispute ! fact t ! cradle ( ! ,aryans 0 9 ,c5tral ,asia1 b ?is is nei!r ! "t nor ! place to discuss ! "q4 ,x is suffici5t = our purpose to note t ! successive waves ( ,aryan conque/ ent]$ ,europe f ! ea/1 & t _! g5]al direction 0 t[>ds ! we/4 ,,! ,,celt ,,z ,,describ$ ,,by ,,greek ,,& ,,roman ,,au?ors ,! ,celts make _! fir/ appe>ance 9 hi/ory at ! end ( ! six? c5tury ,b4,c41 :51 h[ev]1 !y are ref]r$ to n by _! "n z a p b by ! "n ( ! c\ntry !y occupi$4 ,?us1 ,hecatu ( ,miletus1 writ+ ab\t #eji ,b4,c41 m5tions ,m>seilles z be+ a ,ligurian city ne> ! ,celtic region4#ab ,h]odotus1 writ+ half a c5tury lat]1 is ! fir/ hi/orian :o uses ! ^w 7,celt7 z di/+ui%$ f 7! ,celtic region74 ,9 ! two passages#ac 9 :i* ! ,celts are m5tion$1 ,h]odotus says t !y inhabit$ ! "p ( ,europe :]e ! ,danube has its s\rce1 & t ! only o!r p to ! we/w>d 7 ! ,cynetes or ,dog-,m54 ,bo? ,h]odotus & ,ari/otle errone\sly suppos$ t ! s\rce ( ! ,danube 0 situat$ 9 ! ,pyr5ees4 ,ari/otle#ad describes ! c\ntry ( ! ,celts z be+ s cold t ! ass is unable to reproduce 8 species !re4 ,plato1 :o liv$ sixty ye>s aft] ! "t ( ,h]odotus1 classes ! ,celts ) ! ,scy?ians1 ,p]sians1 ,c>?ag9ians1 ,ib]ians1 & ,?racians1 z be+ w>like nations :o l w9e1 & dr9k x to excess4#ae #ab 7,c4 & ,t4 ,muell]us1 ,fragm5ta ,hi/oricorum ,grcorum1 ,p>is1 #ahda1 vol4 i41 p4 #b1 fragm4 #bb74 #ac ,bk4 ii41 *ap1 xxxiii42 & ,bk4 iv41 *ap4 xlix4 #ad ,de ,g5]atione ,animalium4 #ae ,de ,legibus4 ,py!as 7circa ,b4,c4 #cjj7 is ! fir/ au?or :o includes ! "p ( ,europe :i* 0 aft]w>ds ! ,gaul ( ,cs> )9 ! ,celtic t]ritory4#af ,accord+ to ! e>li] hi/orians1 ! p>ts ( ,europe occupi$ by ! ,celts at ! end ( ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 7 ! coa/ ( ! ,adriatic f ,rim9i to ,v5ice1 ,i/ria & ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,ionian ,gulf1 & ! left bank ( ! ,rhone f ! ,lake ( ,g5eva to ! s\rce ( ! ,danube4#ag ,polybius 7,b4,c4 #bje-abc7 gives m def9ite & satisfactory in=mation ab\t ! ,celts ?an ! some:at vague ref]5ces made to !m by previ\s writ]s4 ,f him we le>n#ah #af ,c4 ,elton's ,orig9s ( ,engli% ,hi/ory1 p4 #be4 #ag ,a4 ,b]tr& & ,s4 ,re9a*'s ,les ,celtes1 p4 #ai4 #ah ,ibid41 p4 #bg4 7#a7 ,t ! ,celts ( upp] ,italy did n come f ! ,gaul ( ,cs>1 b f ! valley ( ! ,danube1 & m p>ticul>ly f ! c\ntries :i* bord] ^u ! nor!rn slopes ( ! ,julian ,alps ( ,noricum4 7#b7 ,t ^! peoples 7 prim>ily divid$ into ,cisalp9e ,celts & ,transalp9e ,celts1 t is to say1 into ! ,celts ( ! ,alps & ( ! nor? ( ! ,alps4 ,9 ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c4 ^! latt] 7 already call$1 m p>ticul>ly by ,polybius1 by ! "n ( ,galati4 7#c7 ,t ! ,cisalp9e ,celts1 :o f a remote p]iod long be=e ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 inhabit$ ! wide pla9s ( ,lomb>dy f ! ,alps to ! riv] ,p1 71 = ! mo/ "p1 an agricultural & s$5t>y race liv+ 9 luxury & 9 a /ate ( civilisation )\t any d\bt greatly sup]ior to t :i* c\ld h exi/$ 9 ,gaul at t "t4 7#d7 ,t ! ,galati1 on ! contr>y1 ! ,transalp9e ,celts1 al?\gh k9sm5 to ! =m] m\nta9e]s1 /ill half nomads1 %eph]ds & w>riors *iefly1 always ready to run ! risk ( a raid1 arm$ f ! f\r? c5tury ) an iron sword1 an iron-head$ spe> & a %ield1 liv$ "u ! rgime ( a sort ( milit>y ari/ocracy1 z pr\d z !y 7 poor1 su* z ! inhabitants ( ! ,caucasus 7 n half a c5tury ago4 ,! p :o 7 call$ ,celt by ! e>li] hi/orians1 & ,galat by ! m rec5t writ]s1 7 also kn[n to ! ,romans z ,galli2 b ^! ?ree sep>ate appellations d n seem to indicate any diff]5ce ( race1 & inde$ !y all h ! same mean+1 viz4 a w>rior4 ,! ,gauls ( ,cs>'s "t pref]r$ to call !mselves by ! "n :i* he wrote1 ,celt4#ai ,all ! ,classical au?orities are agre$ z to ! physical *>act]i/ics ( ! ,celts ) :om !y 7 acqua9t$4 ,! ,celts are inv>iably describ$ z be+ tall1 muscul> m51 ) a fair sk91 blue eyes1 & blonde hair t5d+ t[>ds r$4#bj ,su* 7 ! ,gauls :o conqu]$ ! ,etruscans ( nor!rn ,italy 9 ,b4,c4 #cif1 took ,rome "u ,br5nus six ye>s lat]1 sack$ ,delphi 9 ,b4,c4 #bgi1 & gave _! "n to ,galatia 9 ,asia ,m9or4 #ai ,pr(4 ,j4 ,rhys' ,celtic ,brita91 p4 #b4 #bj ,c4 ,elton's ,orig9s ( ,engli% ,hi/ory1 p4 #aac4 ,x may well be ask$ :at has become ( ! tall1 fair-hair$ ,celts :o 9 ! f\r? c5tury ,b4,c4 7 ! t]ror ( ,europe8 ,! answ] seems to be t be+ num]ically inf]ior to ! races :i* !y conqu]$1 b did n ext]m9ate1 !y aft] a "t became absorb$ by ! small1 d>k ,ib]ians1 :o 7 ! aborig9es ( ,france & ,spa9 9 ! lat] ,/one ,age4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 ! once w>like ,celt at la/ became s effete t he fell an easy prey to ! ,picts1 ! ,scots1 ! ,angles1 & ! ,saxons4 ,,! ,,celts ,,z ,,repres5t$ ,,9 ,,greek ,,& ,,roman ,,art ,! physical type ( ! ,celt 9 ,classical ,sculpture 0 fix$ by ! arti/s ( ,p]gamos1 :o 7 commission$ to p]petuate ! victories ( ,attalus ,i4 7,b4,c4 #bda-aig7 & ,eum5es ,,ii4 7,b4,c4 #aig-aei7 ov] ! ,galatians ( ,asia ,m9or4#ba ,! orig9als ( ! /atues execut$ at ?is p]iod to decorate ! acropolis at ,p]gamon & at ,a!ns h s9ce be5 popul>is$ by means ( num]\s copies4 ,! /atue mo/ famili> to ev]yone is t wrongly call$ ! ,dy+ ,gladiator1#bb b :i* is really a ,gauli% w>rior mortally w\nd$1 z may be se5 by ! twi/$ torque r\nd 8 neck1 & ! %ape ( 8 %ield & trumpet4 ,! o!r /atues ( ! same class are ! gr\p =m]ly kn[n z ,arria & ,paetus#bc 7repres5t+ a ,gaul committ+ suicide aft] hav+ kill$ 8 wife7 & ! figures ( an old man ) a "y man dead#bd & a "y man w\nd$#be f ! defeat ( ! ,gauls by ,attalus4 ,9 all ^! works ( art ! ,gauli% type is ! same1 ! m5 be+ tall & muscul>1 ) abundant unkempt locks1 & an en]getic1 almo/ brutal1 physiognomy1 ! v opposite ( ! intellectual beauty ( ! ideal ,greek4 ,! type ?us fix$ by em95t arti/s 0 h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation1 until ! la/ ye>s ( ! ,roman empire4 ,x may be recognis$ on ! ,triumphal ,ar* at ,orange#bf 7,vaucluse71 9 ! s\? ( ,france1 & at ! s>cophagus ( ,amm5dola#bg 9 ! museum ( ! ,capitol at ,rome1 bo? ( :i* h d]iv$ _! inspiration f ! works ( art ( ! "t ( ! k+s ( ,p]gamon4 ,latt]ly ! ,gauli% type became t ( b>b>ians g5]ally4#bh #ba ,les ,celtes1 p4 #cg2 ,h4 ,b4 ,walt]s' ,greek ,art1 p4 #ia2 & ,dr4 ,a4 ,s4 ,murray's ,hi/ory ( ,greek ,sculpture1 vol4 ii41 p4 #cgf4 #bb ,9 ! ,museum ( ! ,capitol at ,rome2 ca/ 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton ,museum4 #bc ,pr(4 ,erne/ ,g>dn]'s ,h&book ( ,greek ,sculpture1 pt4 ii41 p4 #def2 & ,a4 ,baumei/]'s ,d5kml]1 p4 #abcg4 #bd ,at ,v5ice4 #be ,9 ! ,l\vre4 #bf ,a4 de ,caumont's ,abcdaire d',ar*ologie 7re ,gallo-,roma9e71 ,second edition1 p4 #aid4 #bg ,s4 ,re9a*'s ,les ,gaulois dans l'art antique4 #bh ,s4 ,re9a*'s ,les ,celtes1 p4 #ch4 ,,! ,,celt ,,z ,,reveal$ ,,by ,,ar*,,ological ,,rese>* ,f an ar*ological po9t ( view ! ,celtic civilisation :i* exi/$ 9 ,c5tral ,europe1 c]ta9ly z f> back z #djj ,b4,c41 & v probably ?ree or f\r c5turies e>li]1 0 t ( ! ,iron ,age4 ,! ,cont95tal antiqu>ies divide ! ,iron ,age 9 ?is "p ( ,europe into two p]iods m>k$ by diff]5ces 9 culture4 ,! culture ( ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age is prehi/oric1 & is call$ t ( 8,hall/att10 aft] ! great ,alp9e cemet]y ne> ,salzburg 9 ,au/ria4 ,! culture ( ! ,lat] ,iron ,age comes aft] ! "t :5 ! ,celts fir/ make _! appe>ance 9 hi/ory1 & is kn[n to ,swiss & ,g]man ar*ologi/s z t ( 8,la ,tne10 f ! ,gauli% ,oppidum at ! nor? end ( ! ,lake ( ,neu*tel 9 ,switz]l&4 ,! ,la ,tne culture 9 ! =m x occurs 9 ,france is call$ 8,m>nian10 & corresponds ) ! 8,late-,celtic0 culture ( ,great ,brita94 ,hall/att1 f :i* ! ,celtic civilisation ( ! e>li] ,iron ,age takes its "n1 is situat$ ?irty miles ,s4,e4 ( ,salzburg 9 ,au/ria1 among/ ! m\nta9s =m+ ! s\!rn b\nd>y ( ! valley ( ! ,danube4 ,x 0 a place ( great comm]cial importance 9 anci5t times1 9 consequ5ce ( ! salt m9es 9 ! neighb\rhood1 & because x lay on ! great trade r\te by :i* amb] 0 br\ght f ! m\? ( ! ,elbe to ,hatria1 at ! head ( ! ,adriatic4#bi #bi ,c4 ,elton's ,orig9s ( ,engli% ,hi/ory1 pp4 #df & #fb1 & ,pr(4 ,w4 ,boyd ,dawk9s' ,e>ly ,man 9 ,brita91 pp4 #dag1 #dff1 & #dgc4 ,! pre-,roman necropolis ( ,hall/att 0 discov]$ 9 #ahdf1 & excavations h be5 go+ on !re at int]vals ev] s9ce4 ,9 #ahfd ,m4 de ,sack51 curator ( ! collection ( antiquities 9 ! ,vi5na ,museum1 publi%$ a monograph on ! subject1 :i* /ill rema9s ! be/ book ( ref]5ce4 ,m4 de ,sack5 did n sup]9t5d ! excavations p]sonally1 t task hav+ fall5 to ! lot ( ,george ,ramsau]4 ,copies 9 ,,ms4 ( ,ramsau]'s notes on ! cont5ts ( ! tombs1 & sket*es ( ! antiquities discov]$ 9 !m exi/ 9 ! ,a%molean ,museum at ,ox=d1 & 9 ! national museums at ,sa9t-,g]ma9 & at ,vi5na4 ,! ,hall/att f9ds %[ v cle>ly ! transition f ! ,bronze to ! ,iron ,age 9 ,c5tral ,europe4 ,m4 ,salomon ,re9a* ?us summ>ises1 9 8 ,les ,celtes dans les ,valles du ,p et du ,danube 7p4 #abi71 ! conclusions arriv$ at by ,m4 de ,sack53-- 7#a7 ,two di/9ct races h be5 buri$ at ,hall/att2 "o ( :i* cremat$ ! bodies & ! o!r :i* practis$ inhumation2 ! =m] %[+ !mselves to h be5 mu* ri*] ?an ! latt]4 7#b7 ,! p1 z repres5t$ by _! grave-goods1 mu/ h support$ !mselves1 besides work+ ! salt m9es 7_! *ief indu/ry71 by bre$+ cattle4 ,! numb] ( bones & tee? ( animals f\nd 9 ! tombs %[ t !y possess$ h]ds4 ,_! agricultural pursuits are prov$ by ! pres5ce ( num]\s scy!s & sickles 9 ! graves4 ,slag & m\lds f f\nd]ies indicate t !y 7 metallurgi/s4 7#c7 ,among/ ! individuals :o _h be5 burnt ! great] "p ( ! m5 & wom5 display$ a relative luxuri\sness ( toilet appliances1 a luxuri\sness :i* 0 m9i/]$ to by =eign comm]ce supply+ amb] f ! ,baltic1 ,phnician glass1 ivory1 embroid]y 9 gold ?read & /amp$ gold-leaf ( ori5tal workman%ip1 us$ 9 ! decoration ( ! sword-hilts & scabb>ds4 7#d7 ,on ! bronze vessels1 side by side ) ! old geometrical ornam5t1 common to !m & to ! ,cisalp9e vases1 are to be se5 new comb9ations ( symbolical designs :i* recur on ! ,celtic co9age ( ,gaul4 ,among/ ! objects mo/ *>act]i/ic ( ! ,hall/att culture are3-- 7#a7 ,dagg]s1 or %ort swords1 ) a po9t$ blade ( iron & a bronze h&le hav+ two little projections at ! top t]m9at+ 9 r\nd knobs & resembl+ ! ant5n ( an insect4 7#b7 ,long d\ble-edg$ swords ) an iron blade made 9 imitation ( ! leaf-%ap$ swords ( ! ,bronze ,age1 hav+ ! edges slightly curv$ outw>ds 9 ! middle1 b n hav+ s %>p a po9t z ! ,bronze ,age sword1 & be+ mu* long]4 ,! hilts h a massive pommel encru/$ ) ivory & amb]1 & ornam5t$ ) gold-leaf4 7#c7 ,pails1 or situl1 ( ?9 bronze plates ornam5t$ ) figure subjects execut$ 9 rep\ss "w1 & exhibit+ a peculi> /yle ( art :i* ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,evans ?9ks ! ,celts borr[$ f ! ,v5eti1 ! anci5t ,illyrian inhabitants ( ! nor? ( ! ,adriatic1 :o1 9 _! turn1 _h come "u ,hell5ic influ5ce :il/ ! amb] trade r\te betwe5 ,greece & ! ,baltic pass$ ?r\gh ,hatria4 ,illu/ration3 ,! ,hall/att ,sword ,illu/ration3 ,,grave ,,( ,a ,,gauli% ,,w>rior ,,at ,,se/o-,,cal5de1 ,,italy ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,fibula ,,( ,,la ,t,,ne ,,type1 ,,f ,,! ,,cemet]ies ,,( ,,! ,,m>ne ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,fibula ,,( ,,la ,t,,ne ,,type1 ,,f ,,! ,,cemet]ies ,,( ,,! ,,m>ne ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,evans#cj divides ! ,hall/att rema9s into an e>li] & a lat] gr\p1 ! =m] dat+ f ab\t #gej to #eej ,b4,c4 ,dur+ ! lat] p]iod1 f #eej ,b4,c41 he ?9ks !re 0 a t5d5cy = ! typically ,gauli% or ,late-,celtic culture to ov]lap t ( ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age4 ,! ,gallo-,italian tomb ( a ,celtic *iefta91 f\nd 9 #ahfg at ,se/o-,cal5de1#ca at ! s\? end ( ,lago ,maggiore1 illu/rates ! transition f ! ,hall/att to ! ,la ,tne culture4 ,among/ ! grave-goods 7 a situla ) figure subjects 9 rep\ss metalwork & a %ort po9t$ iron sword hav+ a h&le furni%$ ) ant5n1 l ^? f ,hall/att4 #cj ,rh9d ,lectures on ! 8,orig9s ( ,celtic ,art10 ,lecture ,,ii41 z report$ 9 ! ,scotsman = ,decemb] #ab?1 #ahie4 #ca ,s4 ,re9a*'s ,les ,celtes1 p4 #di4 ,9 addition1 !re 7 ! rema9s ( a *>iot1 horse-trapp+s1 a bronze w>-trumpet1 helmet & greaves1 & iron lance-head1 su* z we %\ld expect to f9d buri$ ) a ,celtic w>rior 9 ! ,iron ,age 9 ,gaul or ,brita94 ,la ,tne 7:i* gives its "n to ! modifi$ & lat] =m ( ,hall/att culture z x exi/$ 9 ,c5tral ,europe f ab\t #djj ,b4,c41 :5 ! "n ( ! ,gaul sup]s$$ t ( ! ,celt1 to ! "t ( ,cs>'s conque/7 is a milit>y /ronghold1 or oppidum1 situat$ at ! ,n4,e4 end ( ! ,lake ( ,neu*tel1 comm&+ an important pass betwe5 ! upp] ,rhone & ! ,rh9e4 ,! rema9s at ,la ,tne 7 fir/ explor$ by ,colonel ,s*wab 9 #aheh1 & subsequ5tly by ,e4 ,v\ga 9 #ahhj4 ,! objects d]iv$ f ?is rem>kable site are to be se5 9 ! public museums at ,bi5ne1 ,neu*tel1 & ,b]ne2 & 9 ! private collections ( ,colonel ,s*wab1 ,pr(essor ,desor1 ,e4 ,v\ga1 ,d>del ,?or5s1 & ,dr4 ,gross4#cb ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,evans1 ! date ( ! culm9at+ epo* ( ,gauli% civilisation1 z repres5t$ by ! antiquities f ,la ,tne1 is probably ! ?ird c5tury ,b4,c4 ,x 0 at ?is p]iod t ! e>li] =eign elem5ts d]iv$ f ,hall/att1 & ev5 f c\ntries fur!r afield1 became ?or\ghly assimilat$1 & ! /yle ( art call$ ,late-,celtic began to take def9ite %ape4 ,! typical arms f\nd at ,la ,tne are3-- 7#a7 ,a long sword ) a d\ble-edg$ iron blade hav+ a blunt po9t4 ,! l5g? & flexibility ( ! blade made x useless = ?ru/+ 9 ! way :i* 0 possible ) ! %ort] & m rigid leaf-%ap$ sword ( ! ,bronze ,age1 s ! po9t$ end 0 ab&on$4 7#b7 ,lances ) an iron po9t (t5 ( a peculi> curv$ =m4#cc 7#c7 ,an oval %ield ( ?9 bronze plates ornam5t$ ) bosses4 7#d7 ,a horn$ helmet ( bronze4 #cb ,! rema9s are fully describ$ 9 ,dr4 ,f4 ,kell]'s ,lake-,dwell+s2 ,dr4 ,r4 ,munro's ,lake-,dwell+s ( ,europe2 ,e4 ,v\ga's ,les ,helvtes la ,tne2 & ,dr4 ,gross' ,la ,tne un ,oppidum ,helvte4 #cc ,) flame-l undulat+-edges 8s z to break ! fle% all 9 pieces0 7,c4 ,elton's ,orig9s ( ,engli% ,hi/ory1 p4 #aaf74 ,! *>act]i/ic ,la ,tne ornam5t is f\nd *iefly on ! sword-%ea?s1 ! helmets1 & ! %ields4 ,! ,la ,tne fibul are d]ivatives ( ! 8safety-p910 & usually h ! tail end b5t backw>ds1 z 9 ! ,m>nian fibul 9 ,france & ! ,late-,celtic fibul 9 ,engl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,armlet ,,( ,,! ,,la ,t,,ne ,,p]iod ,,f ,,g]many ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,armlet ,,( ,,! ,,la ,t,,ne ,,p]iod ,,f ,,longirod 7,,vaud7 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,armlet ,,( ,,! ,,la ,t,,ne ,,p]iod ,,f ,,! ,,cemet]ies ,,( ,,! ,,m>ne ,! ,gauli% culture 9 ,france correspond+ ) t ( ,la ,tne 9 ,switz]l& has be5 call$ 8,m>nian0 by ! ,fr5* ar*ologi/s because ! pr9cipal rema9s ( ?is p]iod h be5 f\nd 9 ! cemet]ies ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,m>ne4 ,a li/ ( sev5ty-two su* ,m>nian cemet]ies 7"s ( :i* conta9$ z _m z #dej graves7 is giv5 by ,a4 ,b]tr& 9 8 ,ar*ologie ,celtique et ,gauloise1 p4 #ceh4 ,! objects obta9$ f ^! cemet]ies are fully illu/rat$ 9 ! ,dictionnaire ,ar*ologique de la ,gaule1 & 9 ,lon ,morel's ,la ,*ampagne s\t]ra9e 7,album74 ,! be/ collections are ^? 9 ! ,museum ( ,sa9t-,g]ma9 & ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,m4 ,b]tr& fixes ! date ( ! ,m>nian cemet]ies at f #cej to #bjj ,b4,c41 ! p]iod betwe5 ! "t :5 bronze weapons ceas$ to be us$1 & ! introduction ( a national co9age into ,gaul4 ,illu/ration3 ,ornam5t on ,bronze ,sword-%ea? f ,la ,tne ,f ! po9t ( view ( art1 two ( ! mo/ int]e/+ burials discov]$ 9 ! ,dep>tem5t du ,m>ne are ^? at ,b]ru#cd & ,gorge-,meillet#ce ( w>riors int]r$ ) _! *>iots1 horses1 & complete milit>y equipm5t1 includ+ two bronze helmets1 :i* %[ ! k9d ( decoration preval5t at ! p]iod1 & af=d a l9k betwe5 ! ,m>nian /yle 9 ,gaul & ! ,late-,celtic /yle 9 ,brita94 ,! burials at ,b]ru & ,gorge-,meillet correspond v ne>ly ) ^? at ,arras1 ,danes' ,graves1 & else:]e1 9 ! portion ( ,york%ire occupi$ by ! ,celtic tribe ( ! ,p>isi4 #cd ,a4 ,b]tr&'s ,ar*ologie ,celtique et ,gauloise1 p4 #cef4 #ce ,e4 ,f\rdrigui]'s ,d\ble ,spulture ,gauloise de la ,gorge-,meillet4 ,illu/ration3 ,gauli% ,helmet ( ,bronze f ,gorge-,meillet ,illu/ration3 ,,casque ,,de ,,b]ru4 7,,m>ne47 d c\v]t dans la ,creu]e ,gaulois4 ,,gauli% ,,helmet ,,( ,,bronze ,,f ,,b]ru 7,,m>ne7 ,! ,m>nian cemet]ies belong to ! second ,iron ,age ( ,c5tral ,europe aft] #djj ,b4,c41 b 9 ! commune ( ,magny ,lamb]t 7,cte-d'or71 ne> ! s\rce ( ! riv] ,se9e1 tumuli h be5 op5$ conta9+ long iron swords & bronze situl ( di/9ctly ,hall/att type4 ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,evans ?9ks t ! old]1 or ,hall/att1 culture ( ,c5tral ,europe 0 gradually modifi$ & trans=m$ into ! ,la ,tne1 ,m>nian1 & ,late-,celtic /ages ( culture1 9 consequ5ce ( ! =eign influ5ce ex]cis$ by ! cont9ual fl[ ( ,greek comm]ce into ea/]n ,gaul f ! six? c5tury ,b4,c4 onw>ds4 ,ample evid5ce ( ?is comm]cial int]c\rse is af=d$ by ! discov]y ( tripods1 hydrias1 no*s1 & pa9t$ vases ( ,greek workman%ip associat$ ) ,gauli% burials1#cf z at ,grkwyl1 ne> ,b]ne 9 ,switz]l&1 at ,somme-,bionne 7,m>ne71 at ,rod5ba* 9 ,bav>ia1 & at ,c\rcelles-et-,montagne 7,haute-,m>ne74 #cf ,a4 ,b]tr&'s ,ar*ologie ,celtique et ,gauloise1 pp4 #cbh to #cdg2 see also ,l4 ,l9d5s*mit's ,die ,alt]?m] uns]] heidnis*5 ,vorzeit1 ,ma9z1 #aheh1 etc4 ,! great difficulty 9 und]/&+ ! evolution ( ,celtic art lies 9 ! fact t al?\gh ! ,celts nev] seem to h inv5t$ any new ideas1 !y pr(ess$ an extraord9>y aptitude = pick+ up ideas f ! diff]5t peoples ) :om w> or comm]ce br\ght !m into contact4 ,& once ! ,celt _h borr[$ an idea f 8 neighb\r1 he 0 able to give x su* a /rong ,celtic t+e t x soon became some?+ s diff]5t f :at x 0 orig9ally z to be almo/ unrecognisable4 ,polybius gives ! foll[+ picture ( ! ,cisalp9e ,gauls3-- 8,^! p camp out 9 villages )\t walls1 & are absolutely ignorant ( ! ?\s& ?+s t make life wor? liv+4 ,kn[+ no o!r b$ ?an /raw1 only eat+ fle%1 !y live 9 a half-wild /ate4 ,/rang]s to ev]y?+ :i* is n connect$ ) w> or agricultural lab\r1 !y possess nei!r art nor sci5ce ( any description40 ,! t5d5cy ( ! ,celt to copy r ?an inv5t is br\ght out mo/ cle>ly 9 _! co9age4 ,m4 ,a4 ,b]tr&#cg says3-- 8,7 !y settl$ 9 ,mac$onia !y imitat$ ) m or less success ! tetradra*ms ( ,philip & ( ,audoleon1 k+ ( ,paeonia2 did !y advance t[>ds ,?race1 !y copi$ ! tetradra*ms ( ,?asos4 ,! ,s5ones ( ,rim9i took = _! model ! ,roman & ,italian aes grave2 9 ! nor? ( ,italy1 f9d+ !mselves 9 contact ) nations :o us$ ! monet>y sy/em ( ! dra*m & its multiples & divisions1 ! ,gauls copi$ !m until ! "t !y 7 driv5 back on ! ,danube4 ,9 ,liguria !y copi$ ! dra*ms ( ,massalia4 ,7 !y encamp$ on ! banks ( ! ,danube 9 ,noricum1 or 9 ,rhaetia1 !y aga9 copi$ ! monet>y sy/ems ( _! neighb\rs4 ,! tetradra*ms ( ! ,boii on :i* are inscrib$ ! "n ( #8,,biatec1' "o ( _! *iefs1 reproduc$ ! type ( ! la/ ,roman ( ! family ( ,fufia /ruck betwe5 ! ye>s #fb & #ei ,b4,c4 ,9 a ^w1 ! same habit ( imitation is f\nd ev]y:]e 9 ! cradle ( ,gauli% numismatics prop]ly s-call$2 on ! left bank ( ! ,rh9e1 x 0 ! gold /at]s ( ,philip :i* s]v$ z ! model = gold pieces & sometimes = silv]2 9 ,aquita9e1 x 0 ! co9s ( ,emporia1 ,rhoda1 & ,massalia4 ,armorica & ! fronti] c\ntries 7 ! fir/ :o adopt$ = _! co9age types :i* c be call$ national1 al?\gh /ill reflect+ ^? imitat$ f ! ,mac$onian /at]s4 ,let x be notic$ t we are 9 "o ( ! mo/ ,celtic p>ts ( ,gaul3 x is !re=e natural t ! diff]5ce 9 g5ius betwe5 ! two races ( ,celts & ,gauls %\ld manife/ itself mo/ cle>ly40 #cg ,ar*ologie ,celtique et ,gauloise1 p4 #chg4 ,,invasion ,,( ,,brita9 ,,by ,,goidelic ,,celts ,,9 ,,! ,,bronze ,,age ,! aborig9es ( ,europe1 :o 7 driv5 we/w>d by ! successive waves ( ,aryan conque/1 appe> to h be5 9 ! ,neoli?ic /age ( culture1 & !y are id5tifi$ by ,pr(4 ,w4 ,boyd ,dawk9s ) ! ,ib]ians m5tion$ by ,/rabo4 ,pr(4 ,w4 ,boyd ,dawk9s gives a map 9 8 ,e>ly ,man 9 ,brita9 7p4 #cah7 %[+ ! relative di/ribution ( ! ,ib]ic1 ,celtic1 & ,belgic races 9 ! hi/oric p]iod4 ,9 ?is map ! ,ib]ians occupy ! nor? ( ,africa1 ! we/ ( ,spa9 & ,france1 ! c\ntry r\nd ,m>seilles1 ! :ole ( ,wales1 & ! s\?-we/ ( ,irel&4 ,! ,celts foll[ beh9d to ! ea/w>d1 press+ ! ,ib]ians t[>ds ! ,atlantic4 ,9 ! op5+ address ( ! ,antiqu>ian ,section at ! meet+ ( ! ,royal ,ar*ological ,in/itute at ,sc>bor\gh 9 #ahie1 ,pr(4 ,dawk9s said3--#ch #ch ,ar*ological ,j\rnal1 vol4 lii41 p4 #cdb4 8,! !ory t ! ,neoli?ic inhabitants ( ! ,briti% ,isles are repres5t$ by ! ,basques & small1 d>k ,ib]ic population ( ,europe g5]ally1 has /ood ! te/ ( tw5ty-five ye>s' criticism1 & /ill holds ! field4 ,f ! side ( philology x is support$ by ! fact po9t$ out by ,in*ausp t ! ,basque ^w aitz = /one is ! root f :i* ! pres5t names ( pick1 knife1 & scissors made ( iron are d]iv$4 ,?is ( itself %[s t ! ance/ors ( ! ,basques 7 9 ! ,neoli?ic /age ( culture4 ,! "n ( ,irel&1 accord+ to ,rhys1#ci is d]iv$ f ,ib]-l& 7,hib]nia71 ! l& ( ! ,ib]ians1 or sons ( ,ib]4 ,! evid5ce seems to be cle>3 #a4 ,t ! ,ib]ians 7 ! orig9al inhabitants ( ,france & ,spa9 9 ! ,neoli?ic age1 & ! only inhabitants ( ! ,briti% ,isles2 #b4 ,t !y 7 driv5 out ( ! s\?-ea/]n p>ts ( ,france & ,spa9 9 ! ,neoli?ic age2 7#c7 ,t !y are n[ amply repres5t$ by ! small d>k peoples 9 ! ,ib]ian ,p59sula1 & 9 ! isl& :i* be>s _! "n1 & 9 v>i\s o!r places 9 ,we/]n ,europe1 :]e !y con/itute1 z ,broca happily phrases x1 #8e?nological isl&s4' ,! small1 d>k1 long-head$ ,york%irem5 =m "o ( ^! isl&s40 #ci ,celtic ,brita91 p4 #bfb4 ,let u pause = a mom5t to consid] ! /age ( culture atta9$ by ! ,neoli?ic aborig9es ( ,brita9 :om ! ,celts f\nd "h on _! fir/ arrival4 ,! h\ses 9 :i* ,neoli?ic man liv$ are ( two k9ds3 7#a7 pit dwell+s dug to a dep? ( f sev5 to t5 feet deep 9 ! *alk1 l ^? at ,highfield1#dj ne> ,salisbury1 explor$ by ,mr4 ,adlam 9 #ahff2 & 7#b7 hut-circles l ^? at ,c>n ,br ne> ,camborne1#da 9 ,cornwall1 excavat$ by ,mr4 ,?ur/an ,c4 ,pet]1 & on ,d>tmoor1#db excavat$ by ! ,rev4 ,s4 ,b>+-,g\ld & ,mr4 ,r4 ,burn>d4 ,9 _m cases ! villages are =tifi$ by a wall ( rubble /one1 z at ,grimsp\nd1 on ,d>tmoor4 ,neoli?ic dwell+s h also be5 explor$ by ,mr4 ,george ,cl9*1 at ,ke/on1 9 ,k5t4#dc ,neoli?ic man support$ himself by ! *ase & by fi%+1 & also 0 a f>m] 9 a small way1 gr[+ :eat & cultivat+ flax4 ,he _h dome/icat$ ! %eep1 goat1 ox1 hog1 & dog4 ,he c\ld sp91 weave1 m9e fl9t1 *ip & poli% /one implem5ts & make rude pott]y4 #dj ,w4 ,boyd ,dawk9s' ,e>ly ,man 9 ,brita91 p4 #bfg2 & ,e4 ,t4 ,/ev5s' ,fl9t ,*ips1 p4 #eg4 #da ,r4 ,burn>d 9 ,trans4 ( ,plym\? ,in/41 #ahie-f2 & ,t4 ,c4 ,pet] 9 ,j\r4 ,r4 ,in/4 ( ,cornwall1 ,no4 #db4 #db ,reports ( ,d>tmoor ,exploration ,committee 9 ! ,trans4 ( ,devon%ire ,assoc4 = ,advancem5t ( ,sci5ce4 #dc ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,lond41 s] #b1 vol4 xii41 p4 #beh1 & vol4 xvii41 p4 #baf4 ,he buri$ 8 dead 9 long b>r[s1 *amb]$ cairns1 & dolm5s4 ,cremation 0 n practis$1 & x 0 usual to int] a l>ge numb] ( bodies 9 a *amb] con/ruct$ ( huge /ones4 ,su* 0 ! aborig9al inhabitant ) :om ! fir/ ,celtic invad] _h to cont5d4 ,i say fir/ ,celtic invad] advis$ly1 = !re 0 a second ,celtic invasion at a lat] p]iod4 ,! vangu>d ( ! ,celtic conqu]ors are call$ by ,pr(4 ,j4 ,rhys1 9 8 ,celtic ,brita9 7p4 #c71 8,goidels10 to di/+ui% !m f ! 8,bry?ons10 :o con/itut$ ! second set ( invad]s4 ,! mod]n repres5tatives ( ! ,goidels are ! ,gaelic-speak+ population ( ! ,highl&s ( ,scotl&1 ,irel&1 & ! ,isle ( ,man2 :il/ ! desc5dants ( ! ,bry?ons n[ inhabit ,wales1 ,cornwall1 & ,brittany4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,roman occupation ! ,bry?onic tribes inhabit$ ! :ole ( ,engl& ) ! exception ( ! di/ricts n[ occupi$ by ,cumb]l&1 ,we/morel&1 ,devon1 & ,cornwall4 ,! mo/ important ( ^! ,bry?onic tribes 7 ! ,brigantes & ,p>isi ( ,york%ire1 ! ,catuvelauni ( ! ,midl& ,c\nties1 ! ,ec5i ( ! ea/]n c\nties1 ! ,attrebates ( ! ,?ames ,valley1 & ! ,belg1 ,regni1 & ,cantion 9 ! s\?4 ,! s\? ( ,scotl& 0 9 possession ( ! ,dumnoni & ,otad9i1 :o 7 ,bry?ons1 z 7 also ! ,ordovices ( ,c5tral ,wales4 ,! ,iv]nians /ill held _! own 9 ! nor? ( ,scotl&4 ,! rema9d] ( ,great ,brita9 0 inhabit$ ei!r by pure ,goidels or by ,goidels :o _h mix$ _! blood ) ! ,iv]nian aborig9es4 ,z ,pr(4 ,j4 ,rhys has po9t$ out 9 8 ,celtic ,brita9 7p4 #baa71 ! s\nde/ di/9ction betwe5 ! ,goidels & ! ,bry?ons re/s on a peculi>ity ( pronunciation 9 _! respective languages4 ,9 ! correspond+ words 9 ea* language :]e ! ,bry?ons use ! lett] ,p1 ! ,goidels use ,qv4 ,h5ce !y h be5 t]m$ ! 8,p & ,q ,celts40 ,! mo/ famili> in/ance ( ?is is :]e ! ,wel% use ! ^w ap to mean son (1 & ! ,gaels use mac4 ,! old] =m ( mac f\nd on ! ,ogam-inscrib$ monum5ts ( ,irel&1 ,scotl&1 ,wales1 & ! ,we/ ( ,engl& is maqvi1 z 9 ! bi-lit]al & bi-l+ual inscrib$ /one at ,/4 ,dogmael's1 9 ,pembroke%ire1 :]e ! ,lat9 8,,sagrani ,,fili ,,cvnotami0 has z an equival5t 9 ,ogams 8,,sagramni ,,maqvi ,,cynatami40 ,9 mod]n ,wel% map1 or mab1 has be5 %ort5$ by dropp+ ! m1 & 9 ,gaelic ! v ( maqvi has be5 dropp$1 & ! q made into c4 ,s mu* = ! philological diff]5ces betwe5 ! ,goidel & ! ,bry?on4 ,!y c also be di/+ui%$ ar*ologically1 ! =m] z be+ 9 ! ,bronze ,age /age ( culture1 & ! latt] 9 ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age :5 he arriv$ 9 ,brita94 ,9 a subsequ5t *apt] we %all h to deal ) ! ,bry?onic ,celt1 b at pres5t we are conc]n$ exclusively ) ! ,goidel4 ,! ,neoli?ic inhabitants ( ?is c\ntry1 :om ! ,goidelic ,celts f\nd "h on _! arrival1 7 e?nologically a small d>k-hair$1 black-ey$ race1 ) long skulls ( a type :i* is /ill to be se5 among/ ! ,silurians ( ,s\? ,wales4#dd ,! e?nological *>act]i/ics ( ! ,goidels 7 entirely diff]5t3 !y 7 tall1 fair-hair$1 r\nd-head$1 ) high *eek-bones1 a l>ge m\?1 & aquil9e nose4 ,9 /udy+ ! pa/ mu* mu/ necess>ily be m or less conjectural1 & we c nev] hope to see o!rwise ?an 8z 9 a glass d>kly40 ,z f>1 h[ev]1 z x is possible to asc]ta9 ! facts1 x appe>s probable t ! advanc+ wave ( ,goidelic ,celts did n entirely ov]:elm ! aborig9es or drive !m be=e x4 ,mo/ likely ! big ,goidels made ! small ,ib]ians 8hew]s ( wood & draw]s ( wat]10 & 9 "t ei!r absorb$ !m or !mselves became absorb$4 #dd ,boyd ,dawk9s' ,e>ly ,man 9 ,brita91 *apt] ix4 ,,! ,,*ronology ,,( ,,! ,,bronze ,,age ,,9 ,,europe ,actual dates 9 ye>s c only be asc]ta9$ by means ( hi/orical docum5ts1 & !re=e no *ronology ( ! ages ( ,/one1 ,bronze1 & ,iron is possible except :]e contact c be e/abli%$ betwe5 ! prehi/oric 7or non-hi/oric7 races liv+ 9 ^? /ages ( culture 9 ,nor!rn & ,c5tral ,europe1 & ! m advanc$ civilisations on ! %ores ( ! ,m$it]ranean & 9 ,asia4 ,long be=e direct contact took place betwe5 ! nor!rn b>b>ians & ! ,egyptians1 ,assyrians1 ,phnicians1 ,greeks1 ,romans1 & o!r great nations ( antiquity1 ?r\gh invasions or immigrations1 a m indirect contact mu/ h exi/$ = c5turies1 ow+ to ! trade 9 su* ?+s z amb]1 gold1 bronze1 & t94 ,dates h be5 fix$ approximately by ! f9d+ ( import$ objects 9 diff]5t c\ntries1 & by /udy+ _! geographical di/ribution4 ,o!r almo/ unt\*$ fields ( inve/igation :i* w\ld help to solve _m ( ! problems ( prehi/oric *ronology1 are ! migration ( symbols & patt]ns & comp>ative ornam5t4 ,! attempts t h be5 made to fix ! duration ( ! ,ages ( ,/one & ,bronze 9 actual ye>s are at ! be/ m]e guesses1 b x may be wor? :ile /at+ ! conclusions arriv$ at by "s ( ! lead+ ,european ar*ologi/s1 s z to give a r\gh idea ( ! "t at :i* bronze 0 9 use = ! manufacture ( implem5ts & weapons 9 diff]5t c\ntries4 ,egypt dur+ ! great] "p ( its exi/5ce z a civilis$ nation 0 9 ! ,bronze ,age4 ,! copp] m9es ( ! ,s9aitic p59sula 7 work$ z e>ly z ! ,f\r? ,dyna/y1 z is prov$ by ! rock inscriptions ( ,snef]u 7,b4,c4 #ciih-cifi7 at ,wady ,magh]a4#de ,bronze 0 c]ta9ly us$ by ! anci5t ,egyptians 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury ,b4,c41 & 9 ! tomb ( ,que5 ,aah ,hotep1 al?\gh bronze weapons 7 f\nd1 iron 0 conspicu\s by its abs5ce1 indicat+ t ! latt] metal _h n come into g5]al use 9 ! fifte5? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,! ,myc5an civilisation 9 ! gean 0 ( ! ,bronze ,age1 & ,pr(4 ,fl9d]s ,petrie places its fl\ri%+ p]iod at ab\t #adjj ,b4,c4#df ,bronze cont9u$ 9 use 9 ,greece until ! "t ( ! ,dorian invasion1 ,b4,c4 #hjj4 ,9 deal+ ) ! local c5tres ( ! bronze indu/ry1 ,pr(4 ,boyd ,dawk9s#dg recognises ?ree di/9ct local c5tres 9 ,europe4 7#a7 ,! ,uralian1 or ,ea/]n--,russia4 7#b7 ,! ,danubian1 or ,nor!rn & ,c5tral--,sc&9avia1 ,hung>y4 7#c7 ,! ,m$it]ranean1 or ,s\!rn--,greece1 ,italy1 ,france1 ,switz]l&4 ,dr4 ,osc> ,montelius#dh gives ! foll[+ t5tative dates = ! duration ( ! ,bronze ,age 9 ^! areas3-- #de ,petrie's ,hi/4 ( ,egypt1 vol4 i41 p4 #ca4 ,article on 8,! ,age ( ,bronze 9 ,egypt10 9 ,l',an?ropologie = ,janu>y1 #ahij1 translat$ 9 ! ,smi?sonian ,report = #ahij1 p4 #dii4 #df ,j\r4 ( ,hell5ic ,/udies1 vol4 xii41 p4 #bjc4 #dg ,e>ly ,man 9 ,brita91 p4 #dad4 #dh ,matriaux p\r l'hi/oire primitive de l'homme1 pp4 #ajh-aac4 ,! ,caucasus4--,! ,massagete 71 accord+ to ,h]odotus1 /ill us+ bronze 9 ! six? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,greece4--,bronze ,age civilisation ( ,myc51 #adjj to #ajjj ,b4,c4 ,italy4--,t]ram>e ( ,bronze ,age1 twelf? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,iron introduc$ 9 n9? or eigh? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,sc&9avia & ,g]many4--,bronze ,age begun 9 fifte5? c5tury ,b4,c41 & end$ 9 fif? c5tury ,b4,c4 ,worsaae#di places ! beg9n+ ( ! ,bronze ,age 9 ,sc&9avia five c5turies lat] ?an ,montelius1 i4e4 #ajjj ,b4,c4 ,dr4 ,naue#ej dates ! ,bronze ,age 9 ,upp] ,bav>ia f #adjj ,b4,c4 to #ijj ,b4,c4 #di ,! ,indu/rial ,arts ( ,d5m>k1 p4 #da4 #ej ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,evans' review ( ,dr4 ,julius ,naue's ,die ,bronzezeit 9 ,obay]n 9 ! ,academy = ,april #bg?1 #ahie4 ,z reg>ds ,great ,brita91 !re is no reason = suppos+ t ! ,bry?onic ,celts ( ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age arriv$ 9 ?is c\ntry mu* be=e ,b4,c4 #cjj1 :i* date w\ld t]m9ate ! ,bronze ,age1 at all ev5ts 9 s\!rn ,engl&4 ,! date ( ! beg9n+ ( ! ,bronze ,age 9 ,brita9 c only be surmis$4 ,if1 z we hope to be able to prove1 mu* ( ! art ( t p]iod "h c be trac$ to a ,myc5an orig9 !re is no reason :y ! ,bronze ,age 9 ,brita9 %\ld n h comm5c$ %ortly aft] ! spiral motive patt]ns 7 transf]r$ f anci5t ,egypt to ! gean1 say1 ab\t #adjj ,b4,c41 & !nce to ,hung>y1 ,sc&9avia1 & o!r p>ts ( ,europe4 ,x is n impossible1 nay1 x is ev5 probable1 t ! ,bronze ,age may h la/$ a ?\s& ye>s 9 ,brita91 beg9n+ ,b4,c4 #acjj1 & end+ ,b4,c4 #cjj4 ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,pagan ,,celtic ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,bronze ,,age ,,g5]al ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,mat]ials ,,available ,,= ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,bronze ,,age ,,9 ,,brita91 ,,& ,,! ,,decorative ,,motives ,,employ$ ,z we h already obs]v$1 ! ,goidelic ,celts 7 9 ! ,bronze ,age /age ( culture :5 !y l&$ 9 ,brita94 ,let u n[ inquire into ! nature ( ! mat]ials available = ! /udy ( ! ,pagan ,celtic art 9 ! ,bronze ,age4 ,! rema9s ( ?is p]iod may be classifi$1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! f9ds1 z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,sepul*ral rema9s4 7#b7 ,rema9s on inhabit$ & =tifi$ sites4 7#c7 ,m]*ants' & f\nd]s' ho>ds4 7#d7 ,p]sonal ho>ds1 t is to say1 f9ds ( objects purposely conceal$1 ei!r 9 times ( dang]1 or buri$ z ex voto deposits4 7#e7 ,f9ds ( objects accid5tally lo/4 7#f7 ,sculptur$ rocks & /ones4 ,! art ( ! ,bronze ,age 9 ,europe is bo? ( a symbolical & decorative "*4 ,! pr9cipal symbols employ$ are3-- ,! ,swa/ika4 ,! ,%ip4 ,! ,triskele4 ,! ,axe4 ,!-,cup-&-,r+4 ,! ,:eel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c9]>y ,,urn ,,( ,,bronze ,,age ,,f ,,lake1 ,,wilts2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,height #a ,,ft4 #c ,,ins4 ,x is probable t mo/ ( ^! 7 connect$ ) sun-wor%ip4#ea ,! *ief decorative art motives :i* 7 preval5t dur+ ! ,bronze ,age are z foll[s3-- ,! ,*evron4 ,! ,conc5tric ,circle4 ,! ,spiral4 ,! ,w9d+-,b&4 ,) ! introduction ( bronze into ,brita9 an entire *ange took place 9 ! burial cu/oms ( ! p4 ,! long b>r[s ) _! megali?ic *amb]s & entrance passages gave place to r\nd b>r[s conta9+ ci/s con/ruct$ ( comp>atively small slabs ( /one1 & hav+ no approa* f ! ext]ior4 ,al?\gh burial by inhumation /ill cont9u$ to be practis$1 cremation 0 adopt$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,! proportions ( unburnt to burnt bodies f\nd 9 op5+ b>r[s 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,engl& v>y accord+ to ,?urnam#eb ?us3-- ,unburnt4 ,burnt4 ,wilts #hb #bgb ,dorset #ba #ia ,d]by%ire ,/af=d%ire #aej #aba ,york%ire ,york%ire #eh #ec #ea ,see ,j4 ,j4 ,a4 ,worsaae's ,dani% ,arts1 p4 #fh4 #eb ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xliii41 p4 #caj4 ,! survival ( ! practice ( inhumation to s l>ge an ext5t w\ld seem to indicate t ! bronze-us+ ,goidels amalgamat$ ) ! ,neoli?ic aborig9es r ?an ext]m9at$ !m4 ,! unburnt bodies 7 usually buri$ 9 a d\bl$-up position1 & sometimes an urn 0 plac$ ne> ! deceas$4 ,:5 ! body 0 cremat$ ! a%es 7 plac$ 9 a c9]>y urn1 & ! grave-goods mo/ commonly consi/$ ( small] pott]y vessels1 a bronze dagg] or razor1 & a /one wri/-gu>d4 ,occasionally fl9t implem5ts & poli%$ /one axe-hamm]s h be5 f\nd ) burials ( ?is type1 b x does n necess>ily foll[1 9 consequ5ce1 t bronze 0 unkn[n at ! "t4 ,! sepul*ral pott]y d]iv$ f ! r\nd b>r[s ( ! ,bronze ,age supplies u ) ample mat]ial = /udy+ ! art ( ! p]iod4 ,! pr9cipal collections are to be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum & ! museums at ,devizes1 ,%effield1 ,ed9burgh1 & ,dubl94 ,^! h be5 d]iv$ f ! b>r[s op5$ by ,sir ,r4 ,colt ,ho>e 9 ,wilt%ire1 ,t4 ,bateman 9 ,d]by%ire & ,/af=d%ire1 ,rev4 ,canon ,gre5well & ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,c4 ,atk9son 9 ,york%ire1 ,c4 ,w>ne 9 ,dorset%ire1 & ,w4 ,c4 ,borlase 9 ,cornwall4 ,! pott]y f ! r\nd b>r[s exhibits an endless v>iety ( =m1 b z reg>ds _! sugge/$ use1 !y may be divid$ into f\r classes1 namely3-- 7#a7 ,c9]>y urns4 7#b7 ,food-vessels4 7#c7 ,dr9k+-cups4 7#d7 ,inc5se-cups4 ,!re is no d\bt z to ! use = :i* ! c9]>y urns#ec 7 int5d$1 because !y are f\nd fill$ ) burnt human bones1 sometimes plac$ 9 an inv]t$ position ^u a flat /one1 & sometimes m\? upw>ds4 ,! c9]>y urns v>y 9 height f #f in*es to #c feet1 & ! mo/ common %ape resembles t ( an ord9>y g>d5 fl[]-pot1 ) a deep rim r\nd ! top1 probably to give ! vessel great] /r5g?4 #ec ,gre5well's ,briti% ,b>r[s1 p4 #ff4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,age ,,urn ,,( 8,,inc5se-,,cup0 ,,type ,,f ,,aldb\rne1 ,,wilts2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,height #c ,,ins4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,age ,,urn ,,( 8,,food-,,vessel0 ,,type ,,f ,,alw9ton1 ,,nor?umb]l&2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,height #e ,,ins4 ,! s-call$ food-vessels#ed h receiv$ ?is "n because !y are believ$ to h conta9$ food = ! deceas$ 9 ! next _w4 ,9 support ( ?is !ory x may be m5tion$ t rema9s ( sub/ances resembl+ decay$ food h be5 f\nd 9 "s ( ! vessels 9 "q4 ,urns ( ! food-vessel type are %ap$ l a %all[ b[l1 & !y v>y 9 height f #c to #h in*es4 ,!y are usually f\nd plac$ beside ! deceas$4 ,! use ( ! s-call$ dr9k+-cups#ee is sugge/$ m by ! =m1 :i* resembles t ( a mug1 or beak]1 slightly contract$ 9 ! middle1 ?an by any actual facts connect$ ) _! discov]y4 ,!y are g5]ally plac$ ne> ! deceas$4 ,! height ( ! dr9k+-cups v>ies f #e to #i in*es4 ,! ,hon4 ,j4 ,ab]cromby1 ,f4,s4,a4 7,scot471 has rec5tly publi%$ an elaborate monograph on ! dr9k+-cups ( ! ,bronze ,age entitl$ 8,! ,olde/ ,bronze ,age ,c]amic ,type 9 ,brita92 its close ,analogies on ! ,rh9e2 its ,probable ,orig9 9 ,c5tral ,europe40#ef ,inc5se-cups 7 conjectur$ by ,sir ,r4 ,colt ,ho>e & ! e>li] ar*ologi/s to h be5 us$ = burn+ "s aromatic sub/ance dur+ ! fun]al rites4 ,! view tak5 by ! late ,mr4 ,alb]t ,way1 & support$ by ,canon ,gre5well1#eg is t !y 7 = c>ry+ burn+ wood to light ! fun]al pile4 ,! inc5se-cups are ! smalle/ ( ! sepul*ral vessels ( ! ,bronze ,age1 be+ only f #a to #c in*es high4 ,! %ape is l t ( a little cup4 ,! sides are sometimes p]=at$4 ,! inc5se-cups are (t5 f\nd inside ! c9]>y urns4 #ed ,briti% ,b>r[s1 p4 #hd4 #ee ,ibid41 p4 #id4 #ef ,j\r4 ,an?ropolog4 ,in/41 vol4 xxxii41 p4 #cgc4 #eg ,briti% ,b>r[s1 p4 #ha4 ,canon ,gre5well /ates t ! urns ( ! f\r diff]5t types 7 f\nd associat$ ) unburnt & burnt bodies 9 ! b>r[s op5$ by him on ! ,york%ire wolds 9 ! foll[+ proportions3-- ,unburnt4 ,burnt4 ,c9]>y urns #ab #i 7( c9]>y urn type1 7conta9+ b )\t a%es7 burnt bones7 ,food-vessels #eg #af ,dr9k+-cups #bb #b ,inc5se-cups none #f ,! geographical di/ribution ( ! diff]5t types ( sepul*ral urns1 z f> z at pres5t asc]ta9$1 is z foll[s3 ,food-vessels are mo/ common 9 ,york%ire1 & mo/ r>e 9 ,wilt%ire & ! s\? ( ,engl& g5]ally4 ,dr9k+-cups are f\nd all ov] ,great ,brita91#eh & x is ! type ( urn :i* v>ies lea/4 ,inc5se-cups are f\nd ) great] frequ5cy 9 ! s\? ( ,engl& ?an 9 ! nor?4 #eh ,see map giv5 by ! ,hon4 ,j4 ,ab]cromby 9 ! ,j\r4 ,an?ropolog4 ,in/41 vol4 xxxii41 pl4 #bd4 ,n[ z to ! decorative features ( ! sepul*ral pott]y ( ! ,bronze ,age 9 ,great ,brita94 ,! sepul*ral urns are made ( co>se clay m\ld$ by h&--n turn$ on a la!--& imp]fectly bak$ by means ( fire4 ,! decoration 0 execut$ :il/ ! clay 0 moi/1 ei!r by 7#a7 ,! f+]-nail4 7#b7 ,an impress$ cord4 7#c7 ,a po9t$ implem5t4 7#d7 ,/amps ( wood or bone4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,age ,,urn ,,( 8,,dr9k+-,,cup0 ,,type ,,f ,,lak5hea?1 ,,suffolk2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,height #g ,,ins4 ,besides incis$ patt]ns produc$ by ^! me?ods1 ! ornam5t 0 sometimes m\ld$ 9 relief & sometimes sunk1 & ! inc5se-cups (t5 h ornam5tal p]=ations4 ,) ! exception ( ! circles f\nd on ! bottoms ( "s ( ! inc5se-cups ! decoration consi/s entirely ( /raight l9es runn+ m (t5 diagonally ?an ei!r horizontally or v]tically4 ,! same pref]5ce = diagonal l9es w be obs]v$ 9 ! key-patt]ns 9 ! ,iri% ,,mss4 ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod1 & l$1 z we %all see 9 a subsequ5t *apt]1 to ^? modifications ( ! ,greek fret :i* are *>act]i/ically ,celtic4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 7a7 ,p>ty p] ,*evron4 7b7 ,p>ty p] ,saltire4 7c7 ,*evron4 7d7 ,saltire4 7e7 ,ind5t$4 7f7 ,dancette ,( ! hundr$s & hundr$s ( sepul*ral urns ( ! ,bronze ,age t h be5 f\nd 9 ,great ,brita9 no two are exactly ! same ei!r 9 size1 =m1 or decoration4 ,! f]tility ( imag9ation exhibit$ 9 ! production ( s _m beautiful patt]ns by comb9+ diagonal /raight l9es 9 e conceivable way is really amaz+4 ,on exam9ation x w be f\nd t1 complicat$ z ! patt]ns appe> to be1 ! *evron or zigzag is at ! base ( ! :ole ( !m4 ,we use ! h]aldic t]ms = ! sake ( conv5i5ce2 _! mean+ w be und]/ood by a ref]5ce to ,fig4 #a4 ,x w be se5 t ! *evron consi/s ( two /raight l9es or n>r[ b>s incl9$ t[>ds ea* o!r s z to meet 9 a po9t1 ! =m ?us produc$ toe+ t ( ! lett] ,v4 ,n[ ! *evron1 or ,v1 is capable ( be+ comb9$ 9 ! foll[+ ways3-- ,w4--,two *evrons1 ) ! po9ts fac+ 9 ! same direction1 plac$ side by side4 4--,two *evrons1 ) ! po9ts fac+ 9 opposite directions1 plac$ ) ! op5 sides meet+4 ,x4--,two *evrons1 ) ! po9ts fac+ 9 opposite directions1 plac$ ) ! po9ts meet+4 ,by repeat+ ! ,w1 1 & ,x1 ea* 9 a horizontal r[1 ! patt]ns %[n on ,fig4 #b are obta9$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #b4 7a7 ,! ,triangle or ,*evron ,bord]4 7b7 ,! ,loz5ge ,bord]4 7c7 ,! ,saltire ,bord]4 7d7 ,! ,hexagon ,bord]4 ,x w be notic$ t ! same patt]n results f repeat+ a s]ies ( 's 9 a horizontal l9e z f repeat+ a s]ies ( ,x's1 s t 9 ord] to di/+ui% ! loz5ge bord] f ! saltire bord]1 x is necess>y to introduce a v]tical l9e betwe5 ea* pair ( ,xs4 ,! hexagon bord] is d]iv$ f ! loz5ge by omitt+ e o!r ,x4 ,x is a pr9ciple 9 geometrical ornam5t t = ea* patt]n compos$ ( l9es !re is a correspond+ patt]n 9 :i* b>s ( uni=m wid? are sub/itut$ = l9es4 ,ano!r way ( /at+ ! same proposition is1 t = ea* patt]n compos$ ( geometrical figures 7squ>es or hexagons1 = in/ance7 !re is a correspond+ patt]n produc$ by mov+ ! figures ap>t 9 a symmetrical mann] s z to leave an equal int]space betwe5 !m4 ,?is pr9ciple is illu/rat$ by ,fig4 #c1 :]e a zigzag b> is sub/itut$ = ! zigzag l9e ( ! triangle or *evron bord]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 7a7 ,l9e ,*evron ,bord]4 7b7 ,b> ,*evron ,bord]4 7c7 ,surface ,patt]n1 produc$ by repeat+ ei!r ( ! prec$+4 ,!n1 aga91 ano!r set ( patt]ns may be d]iv$ f ^? compos$ ( l9es or pla9 b>s1 by %ad+ alt]nate portions ( ! design z 9 *equ]work4 ,?us on ,fig4 #d are %[n ?ree diff]5t ways ( %ad+ ! *evron bord]1 & on ,fig4 #e ! me?od ( %ad+ ! patt]ns on ,fig4 #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #e4 ,fig4 #d4--7;a7 ,l9e ,*evron ,bord]4 7b1 c1 & d7 ,diff]5t ,me?ods ( ,%ad+ 7a74 ,fig4 #e4--7;a7 ,b> ,*evron ,bord]4 7b7 ,! same z 7a71 b %ad$4 7c7 ,surface ,patt]n1 produc$ by repeat+ 7b74 ,a few new patt]ns 7see ,fig4 #f7 may be produc$ by plac+ ! *evron ) ! po9t ( ! ,v fac+ to ! "r or left1 ?us1 or 1 in/ead ( upw>ds or d[nw>ds1 ?us1 or ,v4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #f4 7a7 ,*evron ,bord]1 ) ,v's plac$ ?us1 4 7b7 ,! same z 7a71 b ) a horizontal l9e ?r\gh ! po9ts ( ! ,v's4 7c7 ,! same z 7a71 b %ad$4 7d7 ,! same z 7b71 b %ad$4 ,figs4 #g to #aj give ! triangul> patt]ns1 pla9 & %ad$1 produc$ by repeat+ ! *evron bord] 7see ,fig4 #b4 a74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #g4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #h4 ,fig4 #g4--7;a7 ,s+le ,bord]1 compos$ ( ,triangles4 7b7 ,d\ble ,bord]1 compos$ ( ,triangles1 ) ! po9ts ( all ! ,triangles meet+4 7c7 ,surface ,patt]n1 compos$ ( ,triangles1 ) ! po9ts ( all ! ,triangles meet+4 ,fig4 #h4--7;a1 b1 & c7 ,! ,patt]ns %[n on ,fig4 #g1 %ad$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #i4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aj4 ,fig4 #i4--7;a7 ,d\ble ,bord]1 compos$ ( ,triangles1 ) ! po9ts ( ! ,triangles 9 "o r[ fall+ 9 ! c5tres ( ! bases ( ,triangles 9 ! r[ above4 7b7 ,surface ,patt]n1 compos$ ( ,triangles1 arrang$ 9 ! same way z 9 ! prec$+4 ,fig4 #aj4--7;a & b7 ,! ,patt]ns %[n on ,fig4 #i1 %ad$4 ,! patt]ns d]iv$ f ! loz5ge are %[n on ,figs4 #aa to #ah4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aa4 ,fig4 #aa4--7;a7 ,loz5ge ,bord]1 compos$ ( two sets ( ,*evrons1 ) _! po9ts fac+ 9 opposite directions4 7b7 ,! same z 7a71 b ) ! ,*evrons set ap>t4 7c7 ,! same z 7a71 b ) b>s sub/itut$ = l9es4 7d7 ,! same z 7b71 b ) b>s sub/itut$ = l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ab4 ,fig4 #ab4--7;a7 ,loz5ge ,bord]1 ) ,triangles or ,*evrons1 %ad$4 7b7 ,loz5ge ,bord]1 ) ,loz5ges %ad$4 7c7 ,! same z ,fig4 #aa 7c71 b %ad$4 7d7 ,! same z ,fig4 #aa 7d71 b %ad$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ac4 ,fig4 #ac4--7;a7 ,surface ,patt]n1 produc$ by repeat+ ! ,b> ,*evron ,bord]1 s t ! po9ts ( all ! ,*evrons meet4 7b7 ,! same z 7a71 b ) ! ,*evrons set ap>t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ad4 ,fig4 #ad4--7;a7 ,! same z ,fig4 #ac 7a71 b %ad$4 7b7 ,! same z ,fig4 #ac 7b71 b %ad$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ae4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #af4 ,fig4 #ae4--7;a7 ,l9e ,lattice-"w ,surface ,patt]n1 produc$ by ! repetition ( ei!r ! ,*evron ,bord]1 ,fig4 #b 7a71 or ! ,loz5ge ,bord]1 ,fig4 #b 7b74 7b7 ,! same z 7a71 b %ad$4 ,fig4 #af4--7;a7 ,! same z ,fig4 #ae 7b71 b ) %ad$ ,loz5ges ( two diff]5t sizes4 7b7 ,lattice-"w ,surface ,patt]n2 ! same z ,fig4 #ae 7b71 b ) diagonal :ite b>s in/ead ( l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4 ,fig4 #ag4--7;a7 ,b> ,lattice-"w-,surface ,patt]n2 ! same z ,fig4 #ae 7a71 b ) diagonal b>s in/ead ( l9es4 7b7 ,! same z 7a71 b %ad$4 ,fig4 #ah4--7;a7 ,surface ,patt]n1 produc$ by repeat+ ,fig4 #aa 7c74 7b7 ,! same z 7a71 b %ad$4 ,! patt]ns d]iv$ f ! saltire are %[n on ,fig4 #ai4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4 7a7 ,saltire ,bord] ,patt]n4 7b1 c1 d7 ,saltire ,bord] ,patt]n1 %ad$ 9 diff]5t ways4 7e7 ,! same z 7a71 b ) b>s in/ead ( l9es4 ,! patt]ns d]iv$ f ! hexagon are %[n on ,figs4 #bj & #ba4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4 ,fig4 #bj4--7;a7 ,hexagon ,bord] ,patt]n1 d]iv$ f ! ,loz5ge ,bord]1 ,fig4 #b 7b71 by leav+ out e o!r ,x4 7b7 ,! same z 7a71 b ) ! ,triangles %ad$4 7c7 ,! same z 7a71 b ) ! ,hexagons %ad$4 7d7 ,surface ,patt]n1 compos$ ( ,hexagons & ,triangles2 produc$ by repeat+ 7c71 s t ! ,hexagons 9 "o horizontal r[ adjo9 ! ,triangles 9 ! next4 ,fig4 #ba4--7;a7 ,hexagon ,surface ,patt]n1 probably d]iv$ f ,fig4 #aa 7b71 by draw+ /raight l9es betwe5 ! po9ts ( ea* ( ! ,*evrons4 7b7 ,! same z 7a71 b ) b>s in/ead ( l9es1 & hav+ ! ,hexagons %ad$4 ,! v>iations 9 ! practical application ( ! *evron patt]ns1 :i* h be5 describ$ above1 to ! decoration ( ! sepul*ral pott]y ( ! ,bronze ,age1 are produc$ 9 ! foll[+ ways3-- 7#a7 ,by plac+ ! *evrons 7a7 horizontally1 or 7b7 v]tically4 7#b7 ,by mak+ ! *evrons ( diff]5t sizes4 7#c7 ,by alt]+ ! angle ( ! *evrons1 i4e4 mak+ ! po9ts m acute or m obtuse4 7#d7 ,by %ad+ "s p>ts ( ! patt]n :il/ o!r p>ts are left pla94 7#e7 ,by us+ diff]5t me?ods ( %ad+1 su* z pla9 hat*+1 cross-hat*+1 dott+1 etc4 7#f7 ,by comb9+ ! *evrons ) horizontal & v]tical l9es4 7#g7 ,by arrang+ ! patt]ns 9 horizontal b&s ( diff]5t wid?s4 ,9 a few cases#ei hexagonal figures occur 9 ! decoration ( ! urns1 b ! patt]ns d n belong to ! true hexagonal sy/em ( ornam5t4 ,! hexagons 7 arriv$ at by leav+ a space betwe5 ! triangles ( ! *evrons1 z on a dr9k+-cup f\nd at ,rhosbeirio1#fj ,anglesey4 #ei ,ll4 ,jewitt's ,grave-,m\nds & _! ,cont5ts1 p4 #ajh4 ,folkton1 ,york%ire4 #fj ,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 #crd s]41 vol4 xiv41 p4 #bga2 ,briti% ,b>r[s1 p4 #gj4 ,! decoration ( ! urns is g5]ally conf9$ to ! ext]ior1 ! only exceptions be+ ! int]iors ( ! lips ( "s ( ! examples & ! crosses 9 relief f\nd on ! bottoms inside ( c9]>y urns f ,wilts1 ,dorset1 & ,sussex4 ,! inc5se-cups h occasionally ornam5t on ! bottoms ( !m :i*1 l ! crosses j m5tion$1 may h a symbolical significance4 ,"s ( ! urns f ,irel&1 ,scotl&1 & ! ,isle ( ,man1 are v beautifully decorat$ ) sunk triangles & ovals4 ,! diff]5t types ( urns are n all equally highly ornam5t$4 ,! l>ge fl[]-pot-%ap$ c9]>y urns h lea/ decoration1 be+ sometimes q pla91 b 9 ! majority ( cases hav+ a broad b& ( ornam5t r\nd ! top4 ,! dr9k+-cups are m elaborately decorat$ ?an any o!r class ( sepul*ral pott]y1 al?\gh ! food-vessels are also ne>ly z ornate4 ,! arti/ic quality ( ! decoration v>ies 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,great ,brita94 ,"s ( ! mo/ beautiful examples come f localities :]e !re 0 a great mixture ( aborig9al blood ) t ( ! ,celtic invad]s1 & x is n unlikely t ! infusion ( new blood may h _h some?+ to d ) ! excell5ce ( ! art4 ,! *evron1 al?\gh x 0 m highly develop$ z a decorative art-motive 9 ! ,bronze ,age ?an at any o!r p]iod1 0 n unkn[n to ! ,neoli?ic inhabitants ( ,great ,brita91 & x is m ?an probable t ! ,goidelic ,celts got ! idea f !m4 ,sev]al %all[ vessels ) a b& ( *evron ornam5t r\nd ! rim 7 f\nd 9 ! *amb]$ cairn at ,un/an1#fa ,orkney1 :i* is ( ! lat] ,/one ,age4 ,?is p>ticul> *evron patt]n occurs frequ5tly 9 ! ,bronze ,age4 ,ea* ( ! triangles =m$ by ! *evron is fill$ 9 ) hat*$ l9es runn+ diagonally1 b alt]nately 9 directions at "r angles to ea* o!r 7,fig4 #d1 d1 p4 #cj74 ,! patt]n _h no d\bt a /ructural orig91 & 0 sugge/$ by la%+ ( ! description us$ = ! haft+ ( /one axes1 or by "s simil> b&ag+ ( cords4#fb #fa ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,pagan ,times3 ,bronze & ,/one ,ages1 p4 #bid4 #fb ,pr(4 ,a4 ,c4 ,haddon's ,evolution 9 ,art1 p4 #hg4 ,a simil> *evron patt]n is to be se5 on a b[l f ! ,dolm5 du ,port-,blanc1 ,sa9t ,pi]re1 ,quib]on1 ,morbihan1 ,brittany4#fc ,possibly ?is may be ! survival ( a /r5g!n+ b& ( basketwork r\nd ! vessel4 #fc ,paul du ,*atelli]'s ,la ,pot]ie aux poques prhi/orique et ,gauloise1 pl4 #ab1 fig4 #ab4 ,illu/ration3 ,bronze ,spe>-heads ornam5t$ ) r[s ( dots ,9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 ,dubl9 ,! decoration ( ! bronze implem5ts1 gold lunul1 & jet necklaces ( ! ,bronze ,age corresponds v ne>ly ) t ( ! sepul*ral pott]y4 ,all ! designs are f\nd$ ^u ! *evron1 & ! only diff]5ces are 9 ! me?ods ( execution4 ,on ! objects ( metal ! patt]ns are produc$ by ! hamm]1 pun*1 & grav]1#fd & on ! flat jet beads ( ! necklaces by a bor]4 #fd ,sir ,w4 ,wylde's ,catal4 ,mus4 ,r4 ,i4 ,a41 p4 #chh4 ,illu/ration3 ,gold ,lunula f ,kill>ney ,n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 ,dubl9 ,! bronze implem5ts mo/ frequ5tly decorat$ are celts & razors1 & m r>ely dagg]-blades & spe>-heads4 ,( ! ?ree classes ( bronze celts1 namely1#fe 7#a7 ,flat celts1 7#b7 ,w+$ & flang$ celts1 7#c7 ,socket$ celts1 x is only ! fir/ two t are decorat$ ) *evron patt]ns 9 ! same way z ! sepul*ral pott]y4 ,! socket$ celts1 :i* are lat] ?an ! o!rs1 are ornam5t$ ) conc5tric circles resembl+ ^? on c]ta9 ,gauli% t]ra-cotta figures4#ff ,on "s ( ! bronze spe>-heads 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy ! ornam5t consi/s ( l9es ( small dots4 ,! dott$ patt]ns 9 ! ,iri% ,,mss4 ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod may possibly be trac$ to ?is s\rce4 ,! greate/ numb] ( gold lunul1 mo/ ( :i* exhibit ! *>act]i/ic *evron-motive decoration ( ! ,bronze ,age1 h be5 f\nd 9 ,irel&4 ,dr4 ,w4 ,fraz] has compil$ a li/ ( kn[n examples1 :i* w be f\nd 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,irel&4#fg ,! numb]s are z foll[s3-- ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy #cb ,briti% ,museum #aa ,ed9burgh ,museum #d ,belfa/ ,museum #a ,private ,collections #c ,pres5t own]s unkn[n #i ,f\nd 9 ,france #b #fe ,e>ly ,man 9 ,brita91 p4 #cej2 & ,briti% ,museum ,bronze ,age ,guide1 p4 #dj4 #ff ,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 s]4 #c1 vol4 xiv41 p4 #cjh4 #fg #e? s]41 vol4 vii41 p4 #da4 ,! decoration consi/s ( v f9e l9es execut$ ) *isel-edg$ pun*es1#fh & x is conc5trat$ on ! edges & ! two horns ( ! cresc5t1 ! broad "p ( ! cresc5t 9 ! middle be+ q pla91 z w be se5 9 ! specim5 illu/rat$ on page #dj f ,kill>ney1 n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy 9 ,dubl94 #fh ,sir ,w4 ,wilde's ,catal4 ( ,antiquities ( ,gold 9 ,mus4 ,r4 ,i4 ,a41 p4 #aj4 ,! lunul 7 probably worn z head-dresses or else r\nd ! neck1 & ! contra/ betwe5 ! l>ge expanse ( burni%$ gold & ! delicately engrav$ patt]ns mu/ h be5 v effective :5 se5 fla%+ 9 ! bright sunlight4 ,"s ( ! f9e/ examples ( jet necklaces h be5 f\nd ) ,bronze ,age burials 9 ,scotl&1 z at ,balcalk1 ,=f>%ire2 ,tayfield1 ,fife2 ,torri%1 ,su!rl&%ire2#fi ,assynt1 ,ross-%ire2#gj ,mel=t1 & ,argyll%ire4 ,!y h also be5 f\nd occasionally 9 ,engl&1 z at ,middleton ,moor1#ga ,d]by%ire4 ,! beads ( :i* ! necklaces are compos$ are ( ?ree diff]5t %apes1 ovoid1 flat triangul> plates1 & f\r-sid$ flat plates4 ,! flat beads are decorat$ ) *evrons1 triangles1 & loz5ges produc$ by r[s ( dots4 ,"h aga9 we h an in/ance ( a k9d ( decoration :i* surviv$ 9 ,*ri/ian times4 ,! la/ class ( rema9s exhibit+ ,bronze ,age decoration are ! sculptur$ rocks & /ones4 ,"s ( ! c>v+s are f\nd on natural rock surfaces & b\ld]s2 o!rs on su* megali?ic monum5ts z /one circles1 dolm5s1 & *amb]$ cairns2 :il/ num]\s examples are on ! slabs =m+ ! cov]s or sides ( sepul*ral ci/s4 #fi ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,pagan ,times3 ,bronze & ,/one ,ages1 pp4 #ec1 #ee1 & #ef4 #gj ,daniel ,wilson's ,prehi/oric ,annals ( ,scotl&4 #ga ,bateman's ,t5 ,ye>s' ,digg+s1 p4 #be4 ,al?\gh ! megali?ic /ructures call$ by ! late ,mr4 ,james ,f]guson 8rude /one monum5ts0 und\bt$ly belong z a class to ! ,neoli?ic p]iod1 yet "s ( !m exhibit decorative =ms :i* are *>act]i/ic ( ! ,bronze ,age4 ,?is sugge/s ! int]e/+ speculation :e!r ! ornam5tal patt]ns us$ by ! ,celts 9 ! ,bronze ,age may n h be5 to a l>ge ext5t borr[$ f ! ,neoli?ic aborig9es1 & also :e!r ! absorption ( ! ,ib]ian peoples by ! conqu]+ ,goidels may n h _h a /imulat+ effect on decorative art4 ,h[ev] ?is may be1 x is a curi\s fact t ! be/ specim5s ( ,bronze ,age ornam5t sculptur$ on /one exi/ 9 ! ,co4 ,mea?1 9 ,irel&1 :]e su* an admixture ( race w\ld be mo/ likely to occur1 & ! type ( monum5t on :i* ! c>v+s are f\nd belongs to ! ,neoli?ic p]iod4 ,9 ,irel&1 !re=e1 ei!r ! erection ( dolm5s1 *amb]$ cairns1 & o!r simil> /ructures mu/ h surviv$ dur+ ! ,bronze ,age1 or else ! *>act]i/ic patt]ns ( ! ,bronze ,age mu/ h be5 d]iv$ f a ,neoli?ic s\rce4 ,! wond]ful s]ies ( *amb]$ cairns at ,newgrange1 ne> ,drogh$a1 & at ,sliabh na ,calliaghe1 ne> ,oldca/le1 bo? 9 ! ,co4 ,mea?1 h be5 well kn[n to ar*ologi/s = _m ye>s1 b x is only q rec5tly t _! decorative sculpture has be5 /udi$ sci5tifically by ,mr4 ,george ,c(fey1 ,m4,r4,i4,a41 ! ,curator ( ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy 9 ,dubl94 ,! foll[+ acc\nt has be5 compil$ *iefly f ,mr4 ,c(fey's admirable monographs on ! subject1 publi%$ 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy4#gb #gb ,vol4 xxx41 p4 #a4 ,! great prehi/oric cemet]y1 :i* has be5 id5tifi$ ) ! ,brugh na ,bo9ne m5tion$ 9 ! ,leabh>-na-h-,uidhri & 9 ! ,book ( ,ballymote1 is situat$ five miles we/ ( ,drogh$a1 ext5d+ !nce ab\t ?ree miles along ! nor!rn bank ( ! ,boyne t[>ds ,slane4 ,among/ ! mo/ important ( ! sepul*ral rema9s are ! ?ree great tumuli ( ,d[?1 ,newgrange1 & ,kn[?1 tak+ !m 9 ord] f ea/ to we/4 ,two ( ! tumuli c]ta9ly conta9 *amb]s1 access to :i* is ga9$ by a passage lead+ f ! ext]ior1 & ! ?ird1 judg+ f analogy1 probably is also *amb]$4 ,! ,boyne tumuli are record$ 9 ! ,annals ( ,ul/] to h be5 plund]$ by ! ,danes 9 ,a4,d4 #hfb4 ,! *amb] ( ! ,d[? tumulus has be5 op5 s9ce #ahdg2 t ( ,newgrange s9ce #afii1 :5 x 0 fir/ ent]$ 9 mod]n times by ,edw>d ,lhuyd1 ! keep] ( ! ,a%molean ,museum at ,ox=d2 & t ( ,kn[? /ill rema9s to be explor$4 ,illu/ration3 ,longitud9al section ( ,*amb] & ,passage ( ,tumulus at ,newgrange1 ,co4 ,mea?4 ,! sculptures at ,newgrange are ( su* exceptional int]e/ t x is desirable to give a brief description ( ! /ructure ^u :i* !y are f\nd4 ,! tumulus /&s less ?an a qu>t] ( a mile nor?-ea/ ( ,newgrange ,h\se1 ! ,d[? tumulus be+ #a to ! nor?-ea/1 & ! ,kn[? tumulus ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile to ! nor?-we/4 ,! ,newgrange tumulus is surr\nd$ by a circle ( /ones orig9ally consi/+ ( ?irty-five upright monoli?s1 twelve ( :i* may /ill be trac$4 ,f\r ( ! /&+ /ones ne> ! entrance are f #f to #g feet 9 height1 b ! rema9d] are ( small] size4 ,betwe5 ! circle & ! base ( ! m\nd is a dit* & a ramp>t ( loose /ones4 ,! tumulus is also ( loose /ones1 surr\nd$ at ! base by a cont9u\s curb ( great slabs ( /one f #h to #aj feet long1 laid on edge1 above :i* is a reta9+ wall ( dry rubble #e or #f feet high4 ,! tumulus is approximately circul> 9 plan1 #bhj feet 9 diamet]1 & #dd feet high4 ,! area occupi$ by ! m\nd alone is at lea/ an acre4 ,! entrance to ! passage lead+ to ! *amb] is on ! ,s4,e4 side ( ! m\nd1 & ! passage runs 9 a ,n4,w4 direction4 ,! *amb] is n 9 ! c5tre ( ! m\nd1 b to ! ,s4,e4 side ( ! c5tre4 ,! plan ( ! passage & *amb] is irregul>ly cruci=m1 ! dim5sions be+ z foll[s3-- ,feet4 ,in*es4 ,l5g? ( passage #fb #j ,l5g? f end ( passage to back ( ,n4,w4 recess #ah #j ,av]age wid? ( passage #c #j ,wid? ( *amb] f back ( ,n4,e4 recess to back ( ,s4,w4 recess #ba #j ,height ( passage v>ies f #d ft4 #i 94 to #g #aj ,height ( *amb] #ai #f ,dep? ( ,n4,e4 recess #h #h 0 ,n4,w4 0 #g #f 0 ,s4,w4 0 #c #d ,! side walls ( ! passage & *amb] are con/ruct$ ( tall upright /ones1 hav+ ! int]/ices fill$ 9 ) rubble "w4 ,! passage is ro($ ov] ) s+le l9tel /ones4 ,! ro( ( ! *amb] is 9 ! =m ( an irregul> six-sid$ truncat$ pyramid compos$ ( /ones corbell$ out until !y meet suffici5tly ne> toge!r at ! top to be cov]$ by a s+le slab4 ,! floor 0 orig9ally pav$ ) c>efully select$1 wat]-r\nd$ pebbles4 ,^! ) equal orig9ality & c>e h be5 remov$ by ! ,iri% ,bo>d ( ,works1 & plac$ 9 ! bottom ( ! pit dug 9 front ( ! c>v$ /one at ! entrance4 ,!re are on ! floor f\r rudely made %all[ /one bas9s1 "o 9 ea* ( ! ?ree recesses1 & ! f\r? 9 ! c5tre ( ! *amb]4 ,! "o 9 ! middle ( ! *amb] 0 tak5 f ! position x =m]ly occupi$ on ! top ( ! bas9 9 ! ,n4,e4 recess 7:]e x 0 se5 by ,edw>d ,lhuyd 9 #afii71 & plac$ :]e x n[ is by ! ov]-(fici\s zeal ( ! ,iri% ,bo>d ( ,works4 ,! l>ge /ones us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! *amb] are ( ! l[] silurian grit ( ! di/rict4 ,! foll[+ /ones ( ! ,newgrange ,tumulus are sculptur$3-- ,on ext]ior ( ,m\nd at ,base4 ,no4 #a4--;,above entrance ( passage lead+ to *amb]4 ,no4 #b4--;,front ( entrance4 ,no4 #c4--,ne>ly 9 a l9e ) axis ( passage prolong$ to cut circumf]5ce ( m\nd on ,n4,w4 side4 ,no4 #d4--,n4 side ( m\nd4 ,9 ,passage4 ,n4,e4 side--tw5ty-"o uprights--,nos4 #c1 #ab1 #ah1 & #ba sculptur$1 c\nt+ f entrance inw>ds4 ,s4,w4 side--tw5ty uprights--,nos4 #aj1 #aa1 #ag1 & #bj sculptur$1 c\nt+ f entrance inw>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,plan ( ,*amb] & ,passage ( ,tumulus at ,newgrange1 ,co4 ,mea? ,9 ,*amb]4 ,sev5te5 uprights--,nos4 #b1 #c1 #d1 #aj1 & #af sculptur$1 comm5c+ at end ( passage ,s4,w4 side1 & c\nt+ r\nd f "r to left4 ,nos4 #b1 #c1 & #d are 9 ,s4,w4 recess1 :]e !re is also a horizontal /one above ,no4 #c sculptur$4 ,no4 #aj =ms ! ,n4,e4 jamb ( ! ,n4,w4 recess4 ,no4 #af =ms ! ,s4,e4 jamb ( ! ,n4,e4 recess1 :i* has also a sculptur$ ro(+-/one4 ,! horizontal l9tel-/one ov] ! op5+ ( ! passage into ! *amb] is sculptur$4 ,illu/ration3 ,spiral ,ornam5t at ,newgrange1 ,co4 ,mea?4 ,scale l9e> ,analys+ ! sculptur$ decoration ( ! ,newgrange tumulus1 we f9d x to consi/ p>tly ( *evron patt]ns & *evron d]ivatives 7su* z comb9ations ( ! triangle & loz5ge71 & p>tly ( spiral ornam5t1 toge!r ) a few designs =m$ ( circles gr\p$ r\nd a loz5ge1 & "s cups & r+s4 ,! *evron patt]ns h already be5 notic$ on sepul*ral urns1 bronze implem5ts1 & jet necklaces ( ,great ,brita91 & conc5tric circles on socket$ bronze celts1 b spiral ornam5t is conspicu\s by its abs5ce on any ( ^! classes ( objects4 ,spirals are only kn[n to occur on sculptur$ /ones & rock-surfaces 9 ,great ,brita91 & on a few ( ! rem>kable /one balls ) knobs f\nd 9 ,scotl&4 ,! foll[+ examples h be5 record$3-- ,illu/ration3 ,slab ) ,spiral ,ornam5t outside entrance to passage ( ,tumulus at ,newgrange1 ,co4 ,mea? ,f a draw+ by ,george ,c(fey1 ,m4,r4,i4,a4 ,,engl& ,,cumb]l&4 ,maughanby 7,/one circle surr\nd+ ci/ "u tumulus74 ,old ,p>ks1 ,kirkoswald 7,upright slab "u tumulus74 ,,lanca%ire4 ,cald]/ones1 ne> ,liv]pool 7,/one ,circle74 ,,nor?umb]l&4 ,morwick 7,rock-surface74 ,lilburn ,hill ,f>m 7,slabs ( /one f\nd 9 grave74 ,,wales ,,m]ione?%ire4 ,llanb$r 7,slab ( /one f\nd ne> hut-circles1 n[ 9 ,llanb$r *ur*y>d74 ,,scotl& ,,orkney4 ,eday 7,/one 9 ,pict's ,h\se1 n[ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum74 ,fir? 7,slab ( /one1 n[ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum74 ,,elg9%ire4 ,/rypes 7,/&+ /one74 ,elg9 7,/one ball74 ,,ab]de5%ire4 ,t[ie 7,/one ball1 n[ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum74 ,lumphanan 7,/one ball1 n[ 9 collection ( ,hugh ,w4 ,"y1 ,esq41 ,f4,s4,a41 ,scot474 ,,argyll%ire4 ,a*nabreac 7,sculptur$ rock-surface74 ,,ayr%ire4 ,coilsfield 7,ci/-cov]74 ,black%aw 7,rock-surface74 ,,peebles%ire4 ,la ,man*a 7,slab ( /one1 n[ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum74 ,,wigton%ire4 ,cam]ot ,muir1 ,kirkdale 7,/&+ /one74 ,,dumfries%ire4 ,holl[s ,t[]1 ,eskdale 7,door-sill74 ,,irel& ,,co4 ,,mea?4 ,newgrange 7,*amb]$ ,cairn74 ,d[? 7,*amb]$ ,cairn74 ,l\ghcrew 7,*amb]$ ,cairn74 ,k+'s ,m\nta9 7,*amb]$ ,cairn74 ,,co4 ,,l\?4 ,kill+ ,hill1 ,dundalk 7,sepul*ral ,*amb]74 ,,co4 ,,tyrone4 ,knockmany 7,*amb]$ ,cairn74 ,,co4 ,,f]managh4 ,ca/le ,ar*dall 7,sepul*ral ,*amb]74 ,,co4 ,,donegal4 ,gl5columbkille 7,sepul*ral ,*amb]74 ,spiral ornam5t is z conspicu\sly abs5t on ! implem5ts & objects ( ! ,bronze ,age 9 ,gaul z 9 ,brita94 ,x is1 !n1 to ,sc&9avia t we mu/ look = ! orig9 ( ! ,bronze ,age spirals f\nd 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,9 ! museums at ,cop5hag51 ,/ockholm1 & ,*ri/iania1 may be se5 spl5did specim5s ( bronze axes1 sword-hilts1 & p]sonal ornam5ts exhibit+ spiral decoration 9 ! greate/ p]fection4 ,^! are fully illu/rat$ 9 ,a4 ,p4 ,mads5's monograph on ! ,bronze ,age1 9 ! works ( ,o4 ,montelius & ,j4 ,h4 ,a4 ,worsaae1 & 9 ! ,transactions ( ! v>i\s ar*ological societies 9 ,sw$5 & ,d5m>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,spiral ,ornam5t on ,bronze ,axe-head f ,d5m>k ,! spirals ) :i* ! objects ( ! ,bronze ,age 9 ,sc&9avia are decorat$ are g5]ally arrang$ ) _! c5tres at equal di/ances ap>t1 & connect$ toge!r by ,s or ,c-%ap$ curves1 ! =m] be+ ! mo/ common4 ,:5 spirals are arrang$ 9 a s+le r[1 ! problem ( h[ to connect ! :ole toge!r s z to =m a cont9u\s runn+ patt]n does n pres5t mu* difficulty1 b if x is requir$ to cov] a l>ge surface ) spirals 9 gr\ps ( ?ree or ( f\r1 all prop]ly connect$1 ! solution is n s easy z x appe>s at fir/ sight4 ,bo? ! metalwork]s :o made ! ,sc&9avian bronze implem5ts1 & ! arti/ :o design$ ! sculptur$ decoration ( ! ,newgrange tumulus1 seem to h be5 unable to ma/] ! me?od ( arrang+ ! ,s- & ,c-%ap$ connections ( ! spirals 9 prop] ord]1#gc s z to be capable ( ext5sion 9 e direction ov] a surface ( any requir$ size4 ,! difficulty 0 got ov] by a mo/ +5i\s artifice1 z ,mr4 ,george ,c(fey 0 ! fir/ to po9t out 9 8 monograph on 8,newgrange1 ,d[?1 & ,kn[?0 9 ! ,transactions ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy 7vol4 xxx41 p4 #be74 #gc ,t is to say1 ! way ( plac+ ! c5tres ( ! spirals 9 relation to ea* o!r1 & ( det]m9+ h[ _m ,s- or ,c-%ap$ curves %\ld run to ea* c5tre4 ,illu/ration3 ,bronze ,axe-head ) ,spiral ,ornam5t f ,sw$5 ,:5 ! spirals are n arrang$ & connect$ toge!r 9 accordance ) ! requirem5ts ( geometry1 "s ( ! b&s :i* compose ! ornam5t h loose ends1 i4e4 run to n[h]e4 ,! "q 0 h[ to dispose ( ! loose ends s z to deceive ! eye & give ! appe>ance ( a cont9u\s patt]n4 ,x 0 effect$ v simply by c>ry+ ! loose ends "r r\nd "o or m ( ! o!r spirals s z to enclose !m4 ,good in/ances ( ?is occur on ! sculptur$ slabs at ,newgrange 7p4 #dh71 & on ! c>v$ /one ball f ,t[ie1 ,ab]de5%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum ( ,antiquities4 ,mr4 ,g4 ,c(fey's !ory1 9 :i* we feel incl9$ to agree1 is t ! spiral motive came to ,irel& f ,sc&9avia across ,scotl& & ! nor? ( ,engl&4 ,bo? ! geographical di/ribution ( spirals sculptur$ on /one 9 ,great ,brita91 & ! fact t ! same imp]fect me?od ( connect+ ! spirals toge!r = all ov] surface treatm5t is f\nd 9 ,irel&1 ,scotl&1 & ,sc&9avia c]ta9ly l5d support to ?is view4 ,x is n[ g5]ally admitt$ by ar*ologi/s t ! spiral decoration ( ! ,bronze ,age 9 ,sc&9avia is ( ,myc5an orig92 & ! cle>e/ possible pro( is furni%$ by an associat$ spiral & lotus motive design ^u a bronze celt f ,a>hj1#gd ne> ,aalborg1 ,jutl&1 :i* f9ds an exact p>allel 9 ! ornam5t ^u a gold pectoral f ,myc54#ge #gd ,mmoires de la ,socit ,royale des ,antiquaires du ,nord1 #ahhg1 p4 #bei4 #ge ,p]rot & ,*ipiez's ,art 9 ,primitive ,greece1 vol4 i41 p4 #cbc4 ,! ,myc5an spiral decoration has fur!rmore be5 cle>ly prov$ by ,mr4 ,goodye> 9 8 ,gramm> ( ! ,lotus to h be5 borr[$ f anci5t ,egypt2 ! be/ in/ance ( ! transf]5ce ( a spiral & lotus motive patt]n f ,egypt to ! gean be+ ! sculptur$ ceil+ ( ! beehive tomb at ,or*om5os4 ,9 ,egypt1 ! spiral is f\nd by itself =m+ a cont9u\s runn+ bord] on ! sc>abs ( ,us]tes5 ,i4#gf 7,twelf? ,dyna/y1 ,b4,c4 #bgeh-bgad71 & comb9$ ) ! lotus on a sc>ab at ,tur9#gg ( ! same p]iod4 ,! be/ examples ( ! use ( ! spiral z cont9u\s surface ornam5t are to be se5 on ! ceil+s ( ,egyptian tombs ( ! ,eighte5? ,dyna/y 7,b4,c4 #afcc-aejj74gh ,! spiral motive ?us 0 mo/ n\ri%+ 9 ,egypt f ! ,twelf? ,dyna/y to ! ,eighte5?1 say f ,b4,c4 #bgeh-agjj4gi ,aft] t x f\nd its way to ! gean1 p]haps z e>ly z #adjj ,b4,c41#hj & !nce to ,hung>y1 ,sc&9avia1 & ,great ,brita94 #gf ,fl9d]s ,petrie1 ,egyptian ,decorative ,art1 p4 #ba4 #gg ,ibid41 p4 #bb4 #gh ,prisse d',av5nes1 ,hi/oire de l',art ,egypti5 aprs les ,monum5ts4 #gi ,fl9d]s ,petrie1 ,decorative ,art 9 ,egypt1 p4 #bh4 #hj ,j\rnal ( ,hell5ic ,/udies1 vol4 xii41 p4 #bjc4 ,! *amb]$ tumuli at ,d[?1 on ! ,boyne1 & ,l\ghcrew1 ne> ,oldca/le1 ,co4 ,mea?1 resemble ! ,newgrange tumulus 9 plan & con/ruction1 b ! sculptures ^u ! /ones ( ! *amb]s & passages are n s obvi\sly ( ,bronze ,age type z ^? at ,newgrange4 ,! designs seem to be m symbolical ?an ornam5tal1 & f ! frequ5t occurr5ce ( />- & :eel-%ap$ designs may h to d ) sun-wor%ip4 ,! ,l\ghcrew tumuli & _! sculptures h be5 v fully describ$ by ,mr4 ,e4 ,a4 ,conwell1 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy 7vol4 ix41 p4 #cee2 & #bnd s]41 vol4 ii41 p4 #gb72 by ,mr4 ,george ,c(fey1 9 ! ,transactions ( ! same society 7vol4 xxxi41 p4 #bc72 & by ,dr4 ,w4 ,fraz]1 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl& 7vol4 xxvi41 p4 #bid74 ,a c]ta9 proportion ( ! sepul*ral ci/s ( ! ,bronze ,age 9 ,great ,brita9 exhibit symbolical or decorative designs4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ! examples :i* h be5 record$3-- ,,ross-,,%ire4 ,bak]hill4 ,,argyll%ire4 ,kilm>t94 ,c>nbn4 ,,clackmannan4 ,tillyc\ltry4 ,,l9li?g[%ire4 ,ca]l[rie4 ,craigie ,wood4 ,,lan>k%ire4 ,c>nwa?4 ,,ayr%ire4 ,coilsfield4 ,,cumb]l&4 ,aspatria4 ,r$l&s1 ne> ,p5ri?4 ,,nor?umb]l&4 ,=d ,we/ ,field4 ,,york%ire4 ,b]naldby ,moor4 ,,co4 ,,tyrone4 ,sesk94 ,! sculpture is usually on ! cov]-/one ( ! ci/1 b 9 ! case ( ! examples at ,kilm>t9 & at ,c>nbn x is on ! v]tical end slabs4 ,! sculptur$ designs consi/ ( cups & r+s1 conc5tric circles1 loz5ges1 triangles1 axe-heads1 curv$ me&]+ l9es1 & a few patt]ns compos$ ( /raight l9es4 ,! c>v+s %[ ! same pick-m>ks t 7 obs]v$ at ,newgrange4 ,! axe-heads on ! end slab ( ! ci/ at ,kilm>t9#ha are ( ! w$ge %ape common 9 ! e>ly ,bronze ,age4 ,l ! /one axes & axe-heads sculptur$ on ! dolm5s ( ,brittany1 !y probably h a symbolical mean+ connect$ ) ! wor%ip ( "s axe-be>+ deity su* z ,zeus4 #ha ,j\r4 ,brit4 ,ar*ol4 ,assoc41 vol4 #cf1 p4 #adf4 ,! designs1 compos$ ( triangles alt]nately cov]$ ) dots & left pla91 :i* occur on ! ci/-cov] f ,c>nwa?1#hb we h already se5 sculptur$ at ,newgrange & engrav$ on bronze axes & jet necklaces4 ,! gr\p$ circles on ! ci/-cov] f ,craigie ,wood#hc may also be comp>$ ) ^? on ! slabs 9 ! ,newgrange tumulus1 on ! /one ball f ,t[ie 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum1 & on ! *alk drums f ,folkton 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 #hb ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,scot41 vol4 x41 p4 #fb4 #hc ,ibid41 vol4 vi41 ,app5dix1 p4 #bh4 ,9 ?ree cases 7viz4 at ,coilsfield1#hd ,c>nwa?1 & ,tillyc\ltry7#he elaborately ornam5t$ urns ( ! food-vessel type h be5 f\nd 9 ! sculptur$ ci/s1 ?us cle>ly prov+ ! p]iod to :i* ! ci/s belong4 ,sometimes slabs ( /one sculptur$ ) cup-m>ks1 cups & r+s1 & spirals1 h be5 f\nd associat$ ) ,bronze ,age burials1 al?\gh n =m+ p>ts ( a ci/4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable discov]ies ( ?is k9d 0 made at ,old ,p>ks1#hf ne> ,kirk ,oswald1 ,cumb]l&4 ,9 #ahid a b>r[ compos$ ( loose /ones1 #hj feet 9 diamet] & #d feet high1 0 op5$ by ! late ,*ancellor ,r4 ,s4 ,f]guson1 ,f4,s4,a41 & :5 ! m\nd 0 remov$ a r[ ( five slabs fix$ upright 9 ! gr\nd 0 disclos$4 ,! /ones 7 9 a l9e po9t+ nor? & s\?1 cutt+ ! site ( ! m\nd into two halves1 & ?ree ( !m are sculptur$ ) spirals4 ,z _m z ?irty-two deposits ( burnt bones 7 f\nd 9 holes scoop$ out ( ! natural surface ( ! gr\nd1 toge!r ) two ornam5t$ urns ( inc5se-cup =m1 fragm5ts ( sev]al o!r urns1 & a necklace ( cannel-coal beads4 #hd ,ibid41 vol4 vi41 ,app5dix1 p4 #bg4 #he ,ibid41 vol4 xxix41 p4 #aij4 #hf ,cumb4 & ,we/4 ,ant4 ,soc4 ,trans41 vol4 xiii41 p4 #chi4 ,a slab ( /one sculptur$ ) spirals & conc5tric circles 0 f\nd 9 #ahhc on ,lilburn ,hill#hg ,f>m ne> ,wool]1 ,nor?umb]l&1 associat$ ) sev5 deposits ( burnt bones buri$ 9 small circul> pits4 ,/ones sculptur$ ) cups1 or cups & r+s1 h be5 f\nd ei!r z cov]-/ones ( urns or associat$ ) burials 9 r\nd b>r[s at ! foll[+ places3-- ,,nor?umb]l&4 ,+oe4 ,black ,h$on4 ,kirk ,:elp+ton4 ,,cumb]l&4 ,maughanby4 ,,york%ire4 ,kilburn4 ,ayton ,moor4 ,claughton ,moor4 ,wykeham ,moor4 ,,d]by%ire4 ,elk/one4 ,%e54 ,,/af=d%ire4 ,/anton4 ,,dorset%ire4 ,came ,d[n4 ,,su!rl&%ire4 ,dorno* ,l9ks4 ,,ab]de5%ire4 ,gre5loan1 ,cabra*4 ,a l9k betwe5 ! art ( ! ,bronze ,age 9 ,brita9 & ! art ( ,myc5 is af=d$ by a rock-sculpture at ,ilkley1#hh ,york%ire1 :i* takes ! =m ( a curv$ swa/ika4 ,x belongs to a peculi> class ( patt]ns compos$ ( w9d+ b&s & small bosses or dots1 ( :i* !re are num]\s examples 9 ! ,sc&9avian#hi & ,myc5an#ij metalwork4 ,p]haps "s ( ! ,late-,celtic designs1 9 :i* ! arrangem5t ( ! long sweep+ ,s- & ,c-%ap$ curves is gov]n$ by ! position ( circul> bosses !y connect1 may be desc5d$ f ! w9d+-b& patt]ns ( ! ,myc5an p]iod4 ,= in/ance1 ! designs on ! enamell$ h&les ( ! b[l f\nd at ,b>la/on1 ,/af=d%ire1 & on ! ,ilkley rock-sculpture h obvi\s po9ts 9 common1 bo? be+ f\nd$ on ! curv$ swa/ika4 #hg ,ar*ol4 liana1 s]4 #b1 vol4 x41 p4 #bbj4 #hh ,j\r4 ,brit4 ,ar*ol4 ,assoc41 vol4 xxxv41 p4 #ah4 #hi ,a4 ,p4 ,mads5's ,antiquits prhi/oriques du ,danem>k4 #ij ,s*lieman's ,myc51 pp4 #aff1 #afg1 #afi1 #bfd1 & #bfe4 ,illu/ration3 ,w9d+ ,b& 7curv$ ,swa/ika71 sculptur$ 9 rock ne> ,ilkley1 ,york%ire ,scale l9e> ,!re are 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,great ,brita9 a great numb] ( rocks & b\ld]s sculptur$ ) cups1 g5]ally surr\nd$ by conc5tric r+s1 & (t5 hav+ a radial groove lead+ f ! cup outw>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,spiral ,,ornam5t ,,on ,,/one ,,ball ,,f ,,t[ie1 ,,ab]de5%ire2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,ed9burgh ,,museum ,,scale #a_/a ,,l9e> ,illu/ration3 ,,w9d+-,,b& ,,curv$ ,,swa/ika ,,on ,,sword-,,hilt ,,f ,,d5m>k ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,sword-,,hilt ,,) ,,w9d+-,,b& ,,patt]n ,,f ,,d5m>k ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,sword-,,hilt ,,) ,,spiral ,,ornam5t ,,f ,,d5m>k ,illu/ration3 ,cup-&-r+ ,sculptures on rock at ,ilkley1 ,york%ire ,scale _/ l9e> ,! be/-kn[n in/ances are at ,ilkley 9 ,york%ire1 ,wool] 9 ,nor?umb]l&1 ! di/rict on ! ea/ side ( ,kirkcudbright ,bay betwe5 ,kirkcudbright & ! ,solway ,fir?1 & ,lo*gilphead & ,kilm>t9 9 ,argyll%ire4 ,9 a few cases ! cup-&-r+ sculptures are associat$ ) ! :eel-symbol1 z at ,mevagh1 ,co4 ,donegal1 & at ,co*no1 ,dumb>ton%ire4 ,su* sculptures are m likely to be symbolical ?an decorative1 b x w\ld take u too f> afield to discuss _! mean+ "h4 ,^? :o wi% to pursue ! subject fur!r may ) advantage consult ,sir ,james ,simpson's valuable pap] on 8,anci5t ,sculptur+s ( ,cups & ,conc5tric ,r+s10 =m+ ! ,app5dix to vol4 vi4 ( ! ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,scot4 ,! sculptur$ rock-surfaces ( ,great ,brita9 9 "s respects resemble ! 8,hllri/n+>0 on ! we/ coa/ ( ,sw$54 ,! cup-&-r+1 ! :eel-symbol1 & ! curv$ swa/ika are common to bo?1 b ! ,sw$i% sculptures are mu* m elaborate & include figure-subjects1 %ips1 animals1 etc4 ,! age ( "s ( ! sculptures is indicat$ by ! *>act]i/ic %ape ( ! axes 7evid5tly ( bronze7 held by ! figures1 & by ! fact t ! same set ( symbols :i* occur on ! rocks are also to be se5 on ! engrav$ knives ( ! ,bronze ,age f\nd 9 ,sc&9avia4 ,! ,sw$i% rock-sculptures are fully describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 ,l4 ,baltz]'s ,hllri/n+> frn ,bohusln1 ,a4 ,holmb]g's ,sk&9avi5s ,hllri/n+>1 & ! ,mmoires ( ! ,int]national ,congress ( ,prehi/oric ,ar*ology at ,/ockholm4 ,summ+ up ! results ( our inve/igations1 we f9d t ! peculi>ities 9 ! ,pagan ,celtic art ( ! ,bronze ,age :i* 7 transmitt$ to ! ,pagan & ,*ri/ian /yles ( ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age are z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,! use ( ! closely coil$ spiral4 7#b7 ,! use ( r[s ( dots4 7#c7 ,! use ( diagonal l9es 9 pref]5ce to ^? runn+ horizontally or v]tically4 7#d7 ,! use ( designs f\nd$ on ! curv$ swa/ika4 ,( all ^! ! spiral decorative motive is by f> ! mo/ important1 z we %all see 9 a subsequ5t *apt]4 ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,pagan ,,celtic ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,iron ,,age ,,introduction ,,( ,,! ,,use ,,( ,,iron ,,into ,,brita9 ,,by ,,! ,,bry?onic ,,celts1 ,,circa ,b4,c4 #cjj ,9 a previ\s *apt] we po9t$ out ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,q & ! ,p ,celts1 ! =m] be+ ,goidels 9 ! ,bronze ,age1 & ! latt] ,bry?ons 9 ! ,iron ,age1 :5 !y fir/ arriv$ 9 ,brita94 ,we w n[ proce$ to consid] ! nature ( ! culture introduc$ ) ! use ( iron into ?is c\ntry f ,gaul by ! ,belgic or ,bry?onic ,celts4 ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,circum/ances ,,:i* ,,h ,,l$ ,,to ,,! ,,f9ds ,,( ,,objects ,,( ,,! ,,e>ly ,,iron ,,age ,,9 ,,great ,,brita9 ,a great v>iety ( circum/ances h l$ to ! discov]y ( objects ( ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age4 ,:]e !y h n be5 buri$ at any great dep? b5ea? ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 ! pl\gh#ia has frequ5tly be5 ! means ( br++ !m to light4 ,! mak+ ( roads#ib & railways1#ic dra9age ( l& = agricultural purposes1#id milit>y =tifications1#ie qu>ry+#if & m9+1#ig h also _h _! %>e 9 help+ ! ar*ologi/4 ,a consid]able numb] ( antiquities :i* h f\nd _! way into ! b$s ( riv]s h be5 recov]$ 9 ! c\rse ( dr$g+ op]ations = ! improvem5t ( inl& navigation#ih & build+ ( bridge f\ndations4#ii ,tumuli1#ajj camps1#aja caves1#ajb sites ( t[ns#ajc & villages1#ajd crannogs1#aje etc41 h yield$ a pl5tiful h>ve/ to ! sci5tific explor]4 ,9 "s cases ! d5udation ( ! w9d#ajf or ! erosion ( ! sea#ajg has remov$ ! cov]+ ( s& by :i* ! traces ( ! anci5t inhabitants h be5 conceal$ = c5turies4 ,! rabbit1#ajh al?\gh ! enemy ( ! f>m]1 sometimes becomes ! fri5d ( ! antiqu>y by ?r[+ up priceless relics ( ! pa/ out ( 8 burr[4 ,la/ly1 pure accid5t#aji is n[ & !n ! ag5t by :i* ! position ( a long-=gott5 hid+-place = valuables is made kn[n4 #ia ,z at ,pold5 ,hill1 ,som]set%ire4 #ib ,z at ,birdlip1 ,gl\ce/]%ire4 #ic ,z at cutt+s ne> ,b$=d & betwe5 ,d5bigh & ,corw54 #id ,z at ,we/hall1 ,suffolk4 #ie ,z at ,m\nt ,batt51 ne> ,plym\?4 #if ,z at ,hamdon ,hill1 ,som]set%ire4 #ig ,z at ,hunsbury1 ne> ,nor?ampton4 #ih ,z 9 deep5+ ! ,%annon1 ,?ames1 & ,)am4 #ii ,z at ,kirkby ,?ore1 on ! ,ed51 ,we/morel&4 #ajj ,z at ,arras1 ,york%ire4 #aja ,z at ,m\nt ,caburn1 ne> ,lewes4 #ajb ,z at ,settle1 ,york%ire2 ,deepdale1 ,d]by%ire2 & ,k5t's ,cav]n ne> ,torquay4 #ajc ,z at ,great ,*e/]s & ,sil*e/]4 #ajd ,z at ,gla/onbury1 ,som]set%ire4 #aje ,z at ,lisnacrogh]a1 ,co4 ,antrim2 ,/roke/[n1 ,co4 ,roscommon2 & ,lo*lee1 ,ayr%ire4 #ajf ,z on ! ,culb9 ,s&s1 ,elg9%ire1 :]e 9 #ahbg a sportsman hav+ lo/ 8 gunfl9t1 f\nd a spl5did ,late-,celtic bronze armlet1 :il/ seek+ = ano!r fl9t on ! site ( a ,neoli?ic settlem5t cov]$ ) bl[n s&1 except :]e d5ud$ by ! w9d4 #ajg ,z at ,hoylake1 9 ,*e%ire1 :]e ! encroa*m5t ( ! sea on ! portion ( ! coa/ ly+ betwe5 ! e/u>ies ( ! ,dee & ! ,m]sey wa%es out antiquities ( e p]iod f ! subm>9e =e/ & ! s&hills above x4 #ajh ,a beautiful ,late-,celtic bronze armlet 0 f\nd at ,/anhope1 ,peebles%ire1 by ! t5ant ( ! f>m1 :il/ se>*+ = a rabbit1 "u a l>ge flat /one on ! hillside4 #aji ,z 9 ! case ( ! ho>d ( gold objects ( bullion value1 am\nt+ to #aaj1 f\nd at ,%aw ,hill1 ,peebles%ire1 by a h]d-boy :o saw some?+ glitt] 9 ! gr\nd1 & scrap$ out ! torques & o!r relics ) 8 foot4 ,,g5]al ,,"* ,,( ,,! ,,f9ds ,,( ,,objects ,,( ,,! ,,e>ly ,,iron ,,age ,! g5]al "* ( ! f9ds ( objects ( ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age is almo/ z v>i$ z ! circum/ances :i* h l$ to _! recov]y f oblivion1 & !y may be classifi$ accord+ to _! nature1 z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,sepul*ral rema9s4 7#b7 ,rema9s f\nd on inhabit$ or =tifi$ sites4 7#c7 ,ho>ds ( objects purposely conceal$4 7#d7 ,objects accid5tally lo/4 ,sepul*ral ,rema9s4--,! sepul*ral deposits ( ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age diff] greatly1 bo? z reg>ds ! me?ods ( burial adopt$ 9 ea* case1 & ! k9d ( grave-goods plac$ ) ! deceas$4 ,?is is to be acc\nt$ = by a diff]5ce ( "t r ?an area2 & x is only natural to f9d ! ,bronze & ,iron ,ages m]g+ into "o ano!r1 :il/ t[>ds ! close ( ! ,late-,celtic ,roman & ev5 ,saxon influ5ce began to be felt4 ,possibly ! e>lie/ sepul*ral rema9s ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod t h be5 f\nd 9 ,engl& are ! burials "u m\nds at ,arras1 on ! ,york%ire ,wolds1 :i* 7 explor$ by ! ,rev4 ,e4 ,w4 ,/ill+fleet1 ,d4,d41#aaj 9 #ahae-ag1 & ! ,rev4 ,canon ,w4 ,gre5well#aaa 9 #ahgf4 ,! bodies 7 n cremat$1 z 0 g5]ally ! case 9 ! ,bronze ,age1 & also subsequ5tly dur+ ! ,romano-,briti% p]iod2 b 7 buri$ 9 excavations 9 ! *alk1 & ! place ( sepulture m>k$ by a tumulus4 ,! s-call$ ,que5's ,b>r[ at ,arras1 :5 op5$ by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,/ill+fleet1 0 f\nd to conta9 ! skeleton ( a female1 ) ! feet ga!r$ up1 & ! head to ! nor?4 ,! grave-goods consi/$ ( "o hundr$ glass beads1 two bracelets1 r+s ( gold & amb]1 & a pair ( tweez]s4 #aaj ,memoirs ( ! ,meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,ar*ological ,in/itute held at ,york 9 #ahdf1 p4 #bf4 #aaa ,gre5well's ,briti% ,b>r[s1 p4 #ded4 ,9 ano!r b>r[ at ,arras1 ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,/ill+fleet discov]$ ! rema9s ( a w>rior re/+ on ! smoo? pavem5t ( a circul> excavation 9 ! *alk1 #h to #i y>ds 9 diamet]1 & #a foot #f in*es deep1 ly+ on 8 back1 ) 8 arms cross$ ov] ! brea/4 ,he _h be5 int]r$ ) 8 *>iot1 a pair ( horses completely h>ness$1 & two wild bo>s4 ,a ?ird b>r[ explor$ by ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,/ill+fleet also cov]$ ! skeleton ( a w>rior ) ! rema9s ( 8 m>tial equipm5t1 consi/+ ( ! bosses ( 8 %ield1 "o :eel ( 8 *>iot1 two ( 8 horses' bridle-bits4 ,two wild bo>s' tusks 7"o ( :i* 0 p]=at$ ) a squ>e hole1 & enclos$ 9 a case ( ?9 brass7 7 associat$ ) ?is burial2 indicat+1 p]haps1 "s religi\s or sup]/iti\s belief connect$ ) ?is animal4#aab #aab ,a ,late-,celtic bo>'s head ( bronze 0 f\nd at ,lie*e/on1 9 ,banff%ire1 9 #ahaf 7see ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,pagan ,times3 ,iron ,age1 p4 #aag74 ,?ree little bronze figures ( bo>s1 f ,h\nsl[1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 are illu/rat$ 9 ! ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,lond4 7#bnd s]41 vol4 iii41 p4 #ij72 & ! spl5did bronze %ield f ! ,?ames at ,batt]sea1 9 ! same collection1 has a bo> repres5t$ ^u x 7see ,kemble's ,hor ,f]ales1 pl4 #ad74 ,! bo> also occurs on "o ( ! ,scot* symbol-be>+ slabs at ,knock-na-,gael1 ne> ,inv]ness 7see ,/u>t's ,sculptur$ ,/ones ( ,scotl&1 vol4 i41 pl4 #ch74 ,= a bo> on a helmet1 see acc\nt ( ,b5ty ,grange tumulus on p4 #fg4 ,a portion ( ! antiquities m5tion$ are n[ 9 ,york ,museum1 & ! ,rev4 ,w4 ,/ill+fleet's manuscript notes on 8 digg+s 9 #ahae-ag are pres]v$ 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,york ,philosophical ,in/itute4 ,! b>r[ at ,arras1 op5$ by ! ,rev4 ,canon ,w4 ,gre5well1 cov]$ a circul> grave1 #ab feet 9 diamet]1 sunk 9 ! *alk to a dep? ( #c feet1 on ! floor ( :i* 0 laid ! skeleton ( a woman1 re/+ on ! left side1 ) h] left h& up to ! face1 & ! head to ! we/4 ,two tame pigs 7 buri$ ) ! deceas$1 & ! grave-goods compris$ an iron mirror1 a bronze h>ness-r+1 a pair ( iron *>iot-:eels1 two snaffle-bits1 & :at may h be5 a :ip-%ank4 ,9 #ahge ,canon ,gre5well explor$ a tumulus ne> ,bev]ley1 9 ,york%ire1 :i* yield$ two *>iot-:eels & a bridle-bit1 b no human or o!r bones4 ,9 ,july1 #ahig1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,mortim]1 ( ,driffield1 op5$ #af out ( a gr\p ( #agh b>r[s1 call$ 8,danes' ,graves10 ne> ,pock?orpe ,hall1 two miles we/ ( ,kilham1 ,e4 ,r4 ,york%ire4#aac ,! burial-m\nds 7 f #aj to #cc feet 9 diamet]1 & f #a foot #c in*es to #c feet #f in*es high1 cov]+ graves1 ei!r oval or oblong ) r\nd$ corn]s1 ab\t #g feet long by #e feet wide by #b feet deep4 ,all ! bodies 7 unburnt & buri$ 9 ! d\bl$-up attitude *>act]i/ic ( ! ,neoli?ic p]iod4 ,a beautiful bronze p91 inlaid ) %ell1 0 associat$ ) ! skeleton ( a female 9 a grave b5ea? ! l>ge/ ( ! m\nds1 & 9 ano!r 7 f\nd two male skeletons buri$ ) a *>iot1 ! iron tyres ( ! :eels & ! iron hoops ( ! naves ( :i* /ill rema9$ toge!r ) ! two iron snaffle bridle-bits ( ! horses4 ,! antiquities d]iv$ f ! 8,danes' ,graves0 are n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,york ,philosophical ,society4 ,! av]age bread? index ( ! skulls 0 #gce4 #aac ,reliqu>y = #ahig1 p4 #bbd2 ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,lond41 #bnd s]41 vol4 xvii41 p4 #aai4 ,! burials j describ$ be> a m>k$ resemblance to ^? ( ,gauli% w>riors at ,b]ru#aad & at ,gorge-,meillet1#aae bo? 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,m>ne 9 ,france1 & may h belong$ to ! ,celtic tribe ( ! ,p>isi1 :o gave _! "n to ,p>is 9 ,gaul1 & :o colonis$ or conqu]$ p>ts ( ,york%ire4 ,canon ,gre5well describes ! result ( op5+ f\r b>r[s ( ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age 9 ! p>i% ( ,c[lam1#aaf 9 ,york%ire1 9 all ( :i* 7 f\nd ! skeletons ( females1 laid on ! natural surface ( ! gr\nd1 re/+ on ! left side1 ) ! h&s up to ! face1 & ! head to ! nor?-ea/4 ,! grave-goods f ! fir/ b>r[ consi/$ ( a bronze armlet1 a bronze fibula ) an iron p91 & sev5ty exquisite blue glass beads2 & f ! second1 ( an ornam5tal armlet4 ,f ! rema9+ two b>r[s only fragm5ts ( pott]y 7 obta9$4 ,mr4 ,j4 ,r4 ,mortim] explor$ a grave dug 9 ! *alk1 b )\t any m\nd above x1 9 #ahfh1 a qu>t] ( a mile nor?-ea/ ( ,grim?orpe#aag ,h\se1 ne> ,pockl+ton1 9 ,york%ire4 ,x measur$ #d feet #f in*es long1 by #b feet #i in*es wide1 by #d feet deep1 & conta9$ ! skeleton ( a "y man1 plac$ on ! floor ( ! grave1 re/+ p>tly on ! back1 ) ! knees & head incl9$ to ! left side1 ! l[] extremities drawn up1 ! h&s on ! brea/1 & ! head to ! s\?4 ,associat$ ) ! burial 7 sixte5 bone implem5ts1 a sword-%ea?1 ! umbo ( a %ield1 a disc ( bronze ) rep\ss ornam5t1 & bits ( rude pott]y4 #aad ,a4 ,b]tr&1 ,ar*ologie ,celtique et ,gauloise1 #bnd ed41 #ahhi1 p4 #cef4 #aae ,e4 ,f\rdrigni]1 ,d\ble ,spulture ,gauloise de la ,gorge-,meillet4 #aaf ,briti% ,b>r[s1 p4 #bjh1 ,nos4 li4 to liv4 ,! results ( ! exploration are n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! bronze objects are engrav$ 9 ,sir ,j4 ,evans' ,anci5t ,bronze ,implem5ts1 pp4 #chg1 #chh1 & #djj4 #aag ,reliqu>y1 vol4 ix41 p4 #ahj1 & ,ll4 ,jewitt's ,grave-,m\nds & _! ,cont5ts1 pp4 #bcg & #bfc4 ,! numb] ( burials ( ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age t h be5 f\nd 9 ,great ,brita9 is extremely small z comp>$ ) ^? ( ! ,ages ( ,/one & ,bronze4 ,?is w\ld seem to indicate t ! p]iod betwe5 ! introduction ( iron into ?is c\ntry & ! comm5cem5t ( ! ,roman occupation _c h be5 v long2 & t if ! new metal 0 br\ght 9 by a =eign invasion r ?an by peaceful comm]cial int]c\rse1 no?+ l ! ext]m9ation ( ! native inhabitants1 :o us$ bronze & cremat$ _! dead1 c h tak5 place4 ,z we h se51 a l>ge proportion ( ! sepul*ral rema9s ( ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age h be5 d]iv$ f ,york%ire2 b o!r in/ances h come to light 9 ,d]by%ire1 ,/af=d%ire1 ,k5t1 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 ,devon1 & ,cornwall4 ,! ,rev4 ,mr4 ,pegge has giv5 an acc\nt 9 ! ,ar*ologia#aah ( ! op5+ ( a tumulus on ,g>ratt's ,piece1 ,middleton ,common1 ,d]by%ire1 a mile & a half s\?-ea/ ( ,arbel[s1 & t5 miles s\?-ea/ ( ,buxton4 ,! body _h be5 laid on ! surface ( ! gr\nd1 ly+ ea/ & we/4 ,) x 7 f\nd "o ( ! circul> enamell$ discs to :i* ref]5ce w be made subsequ5tly2 a %all[ bas9 ( ?9 brass1 mu* brok5 & cru%$2 & "p ( ! iron umbo ( a %ield4 #aah ,vol4 ix41 p4 #ahi3 lett] read ,may #h?1 #aghh2 & ,t4 ,bateman's ,ve/iges ( ! ,antiquities ( ,d]by%ire1 p4 #bd4 ,at ,b5ty ,grange1 9 ,d]by%ire1 eight miles s\?-ea/ ( ,buxton1 on ! road to ,a%b\rne1 & "o mile nor?-we/ ( ,arbel[s1 ,mr4 ,?omas ,bateman#aai excavat$ a b>r[1 ab\t #b feet high1 surr\nd$ by a fosse4 ,! body _h all decay$1 except ! hair2 b 9 ! spot :]e x _h be5 deposit$ 0 a rem>kable assemblage ( relics1 consi/+ ( a lea!rn cup m\nt$ ) silv] r\nd ! edge1 & hav+ :eel- or cross-%ap$ silv] ornam5ts r\nd ! b[l2 ?ree circul> enamell$ discs ( ! same class z ^? f ! ,middleton ,common tumulus previ\sly describ$2 an iron helmet surm\nt$ by ! figure ( a hog ( iron ) bronze eyes1 hav+ a small silv] cross inlaid on ! nasal2 a buckle2 fragm5ts ( *a9s1 etc4 ,?is burial1 pres5t+ "s ,celtic *>act]i/ics1 belongs to a late p]iod1 possibly ev5 aft] ! ,roman occupation4 ,two ,e>ly ,iron ,age burials are record$ z hav+ be5 discov]$ 9 ,/af=d%ire1 "o at ,al/onfield1 ! o!r at ,b>la/on4 ,! b>r[ ne> ,al/onfield1 call$ ,/eep ,l[e1#abj 0 compos$ ( loose /ones1 & 0 #ej feet 9 diamet]1 & #ae feet high4 ,! ,iron ,age int]m5t 0 a second>y "o1 ! tumulus hav+ be5 made orig9ally 9 ! ,bronze or ,/one ,age4 ,! body 0 laid on its back2 & among/ ! grave-goods 7 a spe>-head1 a lance-head1 & a knife 7all ( iron71 "s fragm5ts ( a highly ornam5t$ dr9k+-cup1 a /ud ( amb]1 & ,roman co9s ( ,con/ant9e & ,tetricus4 ,! burial at ,b>la/on1#aba unlike ! "o j describ$1 0 n 9 a m\nd1 b 9 a grave1 #g feet long by #b feet wide1 by #a foot #c in*es deep1 cut 9 ! solid r$ s&/one rock4 ,) ! body 7 associat$ a beautifully ornam5t$ flat bronze r+ ( ,late-,celtic "*2 ?ree circul>1 enamell$ discs ( ! type f\nd 9 ! b>r[ on ,middleton ,moor2 "s fragm5ts ( a bronze b[l1 :i* ,mr4 ,ll4 ,jewitt errone\sly conjectur$ to h =m$ portions ( a helmet2 & blades ( an iron sword & knife4 #aai ,t5 ,ye>s' ,digg+s1 p4 #bh4 #abj ,bateman's ,ve/iges ( ! ,antiquities ( ,d]by%ire1 p4 #gf4 #aba ,ll4 ,jewitt's ,grave-,m\nds & _! ,cont5ts1 p4 #beh2 & ,ar*ologia1 vol4 lvi41 p4 #dd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,mirror ,,f ,,birdlip1 ,,gl\ce/]%ire2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,gl\ce/] ,,museum ,r4 ,w4 ,dugdale photo4 ,no discov]y ( sepul*ral rema9s belong+ to ! ,late-,celtic p]iod surpasses 9 int]e/ t made 9 #ahgi1 betwe5 ,birdlip#abb & ,crickley1 on ! ,cotteswold ,hills1 sev5 miles s\?-ea/ ( ,gl\ce/]1 bo? on acc\nt ( ! complet5ess ( ! s]ies ( objects buri$ ) ! deceas$1 & ! extreme beauty ( "s ( !m z works ( art4 ,:il/ repair+ ! road1 ,joseph ,b>nfield une>!d ?ree skeletons int]r$ ) ! feet to ! s\?1 9 graves protect$ by ?9 slabs ( /one plac$ on edge4 ,! c5tral skeleton 0 t ( a female1 & ^? on ea* side males4 ,! foll[+ grave-goods 7 associat$ ) ! female3 a bronze b[l 7laid on ! face ( ! deceas$72 a silv] fibula plat$ ) gold2 a necklace consi/+ ( ?irte5 amb] beads1 two jet beads1 & "o m>ble bead2 a tubul> brass armlet2 a brass key-h&le2 a bronze knife-h&le ornam5t$ ) a bea/'s head1 hav+ small knobs at ! ends ( ! horns2 & la/1 b n lea/1 a sup]b bronze mirror4 ,ano!r v simil> f9d ( skeletons 9 graves =m$ ( /ones plac$ on edge 0 made 9 #ahcc at ,trelan ,bah[1#abc 9 ! p>i% ( ,/4 ,kev]ne1 9 ,cornwall1 t5 miles s\?-ea/ ( ,hel/on4 ,) "o ( ! skeletons 0 a beautiful bronze mirror1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4#abb ,see ,john ,bell[s1 9 ,trans4 ( ,bri/ol & ,gl\ce/]%ire ,ar*ol4 ,soc41 vol4 v41 p4 #acg4 ,! objects f\nd are n[ 9 ! ,gl\ce/] ,museum4 #abc ,see ,j4 ,jope ,rodg]s 9 ,ar*ol4 ,j\rn41 vol4 xxx41 p4 #bfg4 ,sepul*ral deposits ( ! same p]iod1 :i* h also yield$ mirrors1 7 br\ght to light 9 ! c\rse ( milit>y works at ,m\nt ,batt51#abd ne> ,plym\?1 9 ! spr+ ( #ahfe4 ,! burials1 h[ev]1 9 ?is case 7 n 9 /one-l9$ graves ne> ! surface1 b 9 pits f #d feet to #d feet #f in*es deep1 excavat$ 9 ! dis9tegrat$ rock4 ,9 addition to a bronze mirror & ! h&les ( two o!rs1 ! foll[+ objects 7 obta9$3 two jo9t$ bronze armlets1 two pla9 bronze armlets1 f\r fibul1 ?ree bronze r+s1 a bronze cup1 an iron dagg]1 & a pair ( %e>s1 black pott]y1 & fragm5ts ( glass4 ,anci5t ,briti% co9s _h be5 f\nd previ\sly at ,m\nt ,batt51#abe indicat+ a settlem5t "h1 p]haps 9 ! fir/ c5tury ,b4,c4 ,! exploration ( ! ,late-,celtic urn-field at ,ayles=d1#abf 9 ,k5t1 ?ree miles nor?-we/ ( ,maid/one1 by ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,evans1 has be5 ! means ( ext5d+ our k ( ! art ( ?is p]iod 9 a mo/ unexpect$ mann]1 & has suppli$ ! miss+ l9ks betwe5 ! culture ( ,brita9 9 ! fir/ ?ree or f\r c5turies ,b4,c41 & t ( ,la ,tne on ! ,cont95t1 :i* 9 its turn c be %[n to h be5 /rongly influ5c$ by ! civilisation ( ! anci5t ,v5etian c\ntry at ! head ( ! ,adriatic4#abg ,! %ape ( ! tall1 cordon$1 p$e/all$ vases1 & o!r peculi>ities ( ! pott]y f ,ayles=d1 7 ?+s entirely unkn[n to ar*ologi/s previ\sly1 & enable a di/9ction n[ to be drawn betwe5 ! fictile w>e ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod & t ( ! ,romano-,briti% p]iod4 ,! discov]y also ( bronze objects ( ,italo-,greek manufacture ( ! second c5tury ,b4,c41 associat$ ) ,late-,celtic burials1 cle>ly indicates t !re mu/ h be5 a mu* m intimate trade-int]c\rse betwe5 ,brita9 & ! s\!rn p>ts ( ,europe1 9 pre-,roman times1 ?an has hi!rto be5 suspect$4 #abd ,see ,j4 ,sp5ce ,bate 9 ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xl41 p4 #ejj4 #abe ,sir ,j4 ,evans' ,anci5t ,briti% ,co9s1 pp4 #gb & #ajf4 #abf ,ar*ologia1 vol4 lii41 p4 #cae4 #abg ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,j4 ,evans' ?ird ,rh9d ,lecture on ! 8,orig9s ( ,celtic ,art10 z report$ 9 ! ,scotsman1 ,decemb] #ad?1 #ahie4 ,! ,late-,celtic urn-field at ,ayles=d 0 uncov]$ 9 #ahhf1 at ,messrs4 ,silas ,wagon & ,son's gravel-pit1 9 ! c\rse ( remov+ ! surface e>? :i* "h ov]lies ! old riv]-deposits to a dep? ( #c feet or s4 ,"o ( ! fir/ burial-pits :i* attract$ att5tion 0 circul>1 & ab\t #c feet #f in*es deep1 ! sides & bottom be+ coat$ ) a k9d ( *alky comp\nd4 ,9 ! pit 7 f\nd a bronze situla1 or pail1 spl5didly ornam5t$ ) rep\ss "w 9 ! ,late-,celtic /yle1 & conta9+ calc9$ bones2 an no*oe1 or w9e-jug2 & patella1 or %all[ pan1 ( import$ ,italo-,greek fabric2 fragm5ts ( a second situla2 a bronze fibula2 & fragm5ts ( pott]y4 ,f ano!r grave1 ab\t #a foot #f in*es deep1 situat$ #bjj y>ds nor?-we/ ( ,ayles=d ,*ur*1 0 obta9$ a bronze-plat$ tank>d ) two h&les1 ( ! same class z ! ,trawsfynydd tank>d1 surr\nd$ by a circle ( five or six e>!nw>e vases1 "o ( ^! be+ ! f9e/ p$e/all$ urn collect$ f ! site4 ,all ! antiquities f ,ayles=d are n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,rema9s ( ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age f\nd on ,inhabit$ or ,=tifi$ ,sites4--,next 9 importance to ! sepul*ral rema9s1 z af=d+ indications ( ! culture ( ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age1 come ! rema9s d]iv$ f inhabit$ or f =tifi$ sites4 ,& x may be rem>k$ 9 pass+ t x is impossible to sep>ate ! inhabit$ f ! =tifi$ sites1 because 9 ^! e>ly times ! /ate ( ! c\ntry 0 s unsettl$ t no isolat$ place ( resid5ce1 village or t[n1 c\ld af=d to d )\t "s means ( def5ce1 ei!r natural or artificial4 ,! inhabit$ site :i* bids fair to rival all o!rs 9 ! v>i$ nature ( ! relics obta9$ f x1 & ! light !y help to ?r[ on ! arts & indu/ries ( ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age 9 ,great ,brita91 is ! ,gla/onbury ,m>% ,village4 ,z ! explorations begun by ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,bulleid1 ,f4,s4,a41 9 #ahib are /ill 9 progress1 x w\ld be premature to pass an op9ion ^u ! f9ds until !y are completely exhau/$4 ,= an acc\nt ( :at has be5 already discov]$ !re1 ! read] is ref]r$ to ,mr4 ,bulleid's pap] on ! subject1 :i* appe>$ rec5tly 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,som]set%ire ,ar*ological ,society4#abh ,a bronze b[l is !re illu/rat$ :i* seems to be ( ! same k9d z ^? d]iv$ f ! graves1 b x is ornam5t$ ) rais$ bosses in/ead ( ) circul> plaques ( enamel4 ,! h&le ( a mirror1 l ^? f ! graves1 0 also f\nd at ! ,gla/onbury ,m>% ,village 9 #ahif4 ,f ! exploration ( ?is settlem5t we h obta9$ a k ( ! peaceful pursuits & me?ods ( life ( ! ,late-,celtic inhabitants1 :i* c\ld nev] h be5 d]iv$ f _! sepul*ral rema9s4 ,we n[ "k t !y 7 exp]t pott]s1 wood-c>v]s1 coop]s1 & weav]s1#abi apply+ ! same beautiful flamboyant =ms ( decoration t are *>act]i/ic ( ! metalwork ( ! p]iod to e>!nw>e & wood5 vessels4 ,! long-h&l$ weav+-combs1 :i* are s well kn[n 9 ! ,picti% t[]s1 or bro*s1 ( ! nor? ( ,scotl&1 h be5 f\nd "h also4 ,among/ ! iron implem5ts 0 a billhook = lopp+ ! bran*es ( trees--a mo/ useful appliance = cle>+ away und]gr[? 9 =e/s1 procur+ firewood1 & build+ wattl$ /ructures4 ,unbak$ ovoid clay pellets h be5 dug up 9 hundr$s4 ,^! 7 probably sl+-/ones1 indicat+ t ! inhabitants mu/ h be5 exp]t f[l]s4 #abh ,vol4 xl4 7#ahic74 #abi ,ornam5tal weav+ 01 no d\bt1 practis$4 ,al?\gh we h no absolute pro( ( ?is1 ! ,la ,tne helmet f ,gorge-,meillet 7,m>ne71 previ\sly m5tion$1 has a sort ( swa/ika patt]n ^u x1 sugge/ive ( a textile orig94 ,! dwell+s appe> to h be5 circul> or oval wattl$ huts1 ! rud5ess ( :i* /&s out 9 m>k$ contra/ to ! high arti/ic ta/e & te*nical skill ( ! inhabitants4 ,a few ( ! crannogs ( ,scotl&#acj & ,irel&1#aca ^: /ructure is some:at analog\s to ! ,gla/onbury ,m>% ,village1 h also yield$ ,late-,celtic objects1 b n 9 su* quantities z to give evid5ce ( p]man5t occupation ov] a consid]able p]iod4 ,hunsbury1#acb two miles s\?-we/ ( ,nor?ampton1 :i* has be5 call$ ! ,engli% 8,la ,tne10 is a good example ( a ,late-,celtic oppidum4 ,! camp is ( oval %ape 9 plan1 measur+ #efj feet by #dde feet1 & def5d$ by a s+le e>!n ramp>t & dit*4 ,! area enclos$ is ab\t f\r acres4 ,betwe5 #ahhj & #ahhf ! :ole ( ! int]ior 0 excavat$ to obta9 iron/one1 :i* lay 9 a b$ #ab feet ?ick1 at a dep? ( #g feet #f in*es bel[ ! natural surface ( ! gr\nd4 #acj ,at ,lo*lee & at ,lo*sp\ts1 ,ayr%ire2 ,d[alton1 ,wigt[n%ire2 & ,hynd=d1 ,lan>k%ire 7see ,dr4 ,r4 ,munro's ,lake-,dwell+s ( ,scotl&74 #aca ,lisnacrogh]a & ,craigyw>r51 ,co4 ,antrim2 ,/roke/[n & ,ardakill51 ,co4 ,roscommon2 ,lagore1 ,co4 ,mea?2 & ,ball9d]ry1 ,co4 ,we/mea? 7see ,wood ,m>t9's ,lake-,dwell+s ( ,irel&74 #acb ,see ,sir ,h5ry ,dryd5 9 ,associat$ ,ar*itectural ,societies' ,reports1 vol4 xviii4 7#ahhe71 p4 #ec4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! excavations ab\t ?ree hundr$ refuse-pits1 av]ag+ #e feet 9 diamet]1 & dug 9 ! soil ov]ly+ ! iron/one1 7 discov]$4 ,among/ ! cont5ts ( ! pits 7 two bronze sword-%ea?s1 "o ( !m highly ornam5t$ 9 ! ,late-,celtic /yle2#acc ?ree fibul1 bridle-bits & *eek-pieces ( bone1 a *>iot-:eel1 iron saws1 knives1 spe>-heads1 etc42 "o hundr$ & fifty qu]n/ones1 reckon+ ! upp] & l[] /ones sep>ately2 eight sp9dle-:orls1 long-h&l$ weav+-combs1 & pott]y ) ,late-,celtic decoration4 ,all ^! antiquities are n[ 9 ! ,nor?ampton ,museum4 ,! camp on ,m\nt ,caburn1 two miles s\? ( ,lewes1 9 ,sussex1 explor$ by ,g5]al ,pitt-,riv]s#acd 9 #ahgh1 seems to h be5 an oppidum ( ! same class z t at ,hunsbury1 & ! relics indicat$ ! same k9d ( culture4 ,! pits f\nd at ,m\nt ,caburn 7 "s ( !m oval1 & o!rs oblong1 #e to #g feet 9 diamet]1 & #e feet deep4 ,! objects obta9$ f ! pits includ$ ornam5tal pott]y1 long-h&l$ we>+-combs1 an iron billhook l ! "o f ! ,gla/onbury ,m>% ,village1 & ?ree anci5t ,briti% t9 co9s4 #acc ,engrav$ 9 ! ,ar*ologia1 vol4 lii41 p4 #gfb4 #acd ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xlvi41 p4 #dbc4 ,! f9e collection ( ,late-,celtic horse-trapp+s1 etc41 n[ 9 ! ,duke ( ,nor?umb]l&'s private ,museum at ,alnwick ,ca/le1 0 f\nd 9 #ahdd1 9 a pit ab\t #e feet deep1 )9 an e>!n entr5*m5t at ,/anwick1 9 ,york%ire1 sev5 miles nor? ( ,ri*mond4#ace ,a few ,late-,celtic objects h be5 d]iv$ f ,roman t[ns#acf & /ations#acg 9 ,engl&2 & also f ! weems1#ach or und]gr\nd h\ses1 & ! bro*s1#aci or ,picti% t[]s ( ,scotl&4 ,! bone-caves :i* 7 ! p]man5t habitations ( ,paloli?ic & ,neoli?ic man 9 ,brita9 s]v$ z tempor>y places ( refuge = ! ,brit-,wel% population dur+ ! tr\bl\s times imm$iately succe$+ ! ,roman evacuation ( ?is c\ntry4 ,gildas' acc\nt ( ! ,britons leav+ _! h\ses & l&s1 & tak+ %elt] 9 ! m\nta9s1 =e/s & caves1 :5ce !y 7 able successfully to repel ! inroads ( ! ,picts & ,scots1#adj is fully borne out by ar*ological rese>*4#ada #ace ,memoirs ( ! ,meet+ ( ! ,ar*ological ,in/itute ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel& at ,york 9 #ahdf1 p4 #hh2 ,dr4 ,j4 ,c4 ,bruce's ,catalogue ( ! ,antiquities at ,alnwick1 p4 #ch4 #acf ,z 9 ,sil*e/]4 ,^! h n be5 illu/rat$1 b are to be se5 9 ! ,read+ ,museum4 #acg ,z 9 sica 7,great ,*e/]s7 7,ar*ologia liana1 #bnd s]41 vol4 xvii41 p4 xxviii474 #ach ,z at ,ca/le ,newe1 ,ab]de5%ire1 & ,grange ( ,conan1 ,=f>%ire 7see ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,pagan ,times3 ,iron ,age1 pp4 #ada & #afj74 #aci ,z at ,ok/r[ & at ,h>ray 9 ,orkney 7,ibid41 pp4 #bai1 #bcf74 #adj ,gildas1 xvii42 ,b$e's ,eccl4 ,hi/41 bk4 i41 *ap4 xiv4 #ada ,pr(4 ,w4 ,boyd ,dawk9s' ,cave-,hunt+1 p4 #ajf4 ,! pr9cipal caves :i* h yield$ relics ( ?is p]iod are ,kirkhead#adb ,cave 9 ,lanca%ire2 ! ,victoria1#adc ,kelko1#add & ,d[k]bottom#ade ,caves 9 ,york%ire2 ,poole's#adf ,hole & ! ,deepdale#adg ,cave 9 ,d]by%ire2 ,?or's#adh ,cave 9 ,/af=d%ire2 & ,k5t's#adi ,cav]n 9 ,devon%ire4 ,! "* ( ! antiquities d]iv$ f ! caves does n diff] mat]ially f t ( ! rema9s f ! crannogs & ! oppida1 al?\gh a few ?+s ( peculi> =m h be5 f\nd 9 "s ( ! caves1 su* z ! spoon-%ap$ bone-p9s f ! ,victoria & ,d[k]bottom ,caves1 & ! bone :i/les f ,?or's ,cave4 ,! fibul f ! ,victoria & ! ,deepdale ,caves are ( rem>kable beauty4 ,evid5ce ( sp9n+ is af=d$ by ! long-h&l$ comb f ,?or's ,cave1 & ! num]\s sp9dle-:orls f o!rs4 ,! discov]y ( ,roman co9s & ,samian w>e indicate ! p]iod at :i* ! ,brit-,wel% s\ght refuge 9 ^! recesses ( ! rock4 ,ho>ds ( ,late-,celtic ,objects purposely conceal$4--,! horse-trapp+s f\nd 9 an excavation at ! bottom ( "o ( sev]al oblong pits1 #g feet long by #c feet wide by #d feet deep1 at ,hagb\rne ,hill#aej 9 ,b]k%ire1 two miles s\? ( ,didcot1 seem to h be5 purposely hidd52 z also ! horse-trapp+s :i* 7 discov]$ 9 ! *9k ( ! rock by qu>rym5 at ,hamdon ,hill#aea 9 ,som]set%ire1 five miles we/ ( ,yeovil4 ,ano!r in/ance ( int5tional concealm5t is af=d$ by ! beautiful bronze mirror t 0 f\nd1 ) o!r ornam5tal pieces ( bronze1 wrapp$ 9 a clo?1 & cov]$ by ! upp] /one ( a qu]n1 at ,balmaclellan1#aeb two miles nor?-ea/ ( ,new ,gall[ay1 ,kirkcudbright%ire4 #adb ,?ree miles s\? ( ,c>tmel1 on ! %ore ( ,morecambe ,bay 7,cave-,hunt+1 p4 #abe74 #adc ,a mile & a half nor?-ea/ ( ,settle 7,cave-,hunt+1 p4 #ha2 & ,h4 ,eckroyd ,smi? 9 ,trans4 ( ,hi/4 ,soc4 ( ,lanca%ire & ,*e%ire1 vol4 = #ahff1 p4 #aii2 & ,roa* ,smi?'s ,collectanea ,antiqua1 vol4 i41 p4 #fg74 #add ,ov]look+ ,giggleswick1 "o mile nor?-we/ ( ,settle4 #ade ,betwe5 ,kilnsey & ,arncliffe1 t5 miles nor?-ea/ ( ,settle 7,proc4 ,geol4 & ,polyte*4 ,soc4 ( ,w4 ,rid+ ( ,york%4 = #ahei1 p4 #de74 #adf ,a mile s\?-we/ ( ,buxton 7,cave-,hunt+1 p4 #abf74 #adg ,?ree miles s\?-ea/ ( ,buxton 7,d]by%ire ,ar*ol4 ,soc4 ,trans41 vol4 xiii41 p4 #aif74 #adh ,ne> ,gr9don1 eight miles nor?-we/ ( ,a%b\rne 7,reliqu>y1 vol4 vi41 p4 #bja1 & ,trans4 ,midl& ,sci4 ,assoc41 #ahfd-e1 p4 #a74 #adi ,"o mile nor?-we/ ( ,torquay4 ,!re is a fragm5t ( pott]y1 ) ,late-,celtic ornam5t ^u x1 f ,k5t's ,cav]n1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 #aej ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xvi41 p4 #cdh4 #aea ,ibid41 vol4 xxi41 p4 #ci4 #aeb ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,pagan ,times3 ,iron ,age1 p4 #abf4 ,late-,celtic ,objects accid5tally lo/4--,besides ! ,late-,celtic objects :i* h be5 dropp$ by _! orig9al own]s on dry l&1 & got cov]$ ) ! soil & ?us be5 pres]v$1 x is rem>kable 9 h[ _m cases !y h be5 lo/ :il/ cross+ or navigat+ riv]s1 especially ! ,?ames1#aec ,)am1#aed ,tyne1#aee & ,twe$4#aef #aec ,%ield 7,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxiii41 p4 #if72 helmet 79 ! ,briti% ,museum72 fibula 7,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,scot41 #bnd s]41 vol4 xv41 p4 #aia74 #aed ,%ield 7,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxiii41 p4 #if72 sword-%ea? 7,j4 ,c4 ,bruce's ,catal4 ( ,alnwick ,mus472 dagg]s 7,kemble's ,hor ,f]ales1 pl4 #ag74 #aee ,fibul 7,illu/rat$ ,ar*ologi/1 vol4 ii41 p4 #aeg74 #aef ,sword-%ea? 7,ar*ologia1 vol4 xlv41 p4 #de74 ,,f9ds ,,( ,,celtic ,,co9s ,,9 ,,brita9 ,! e>lie/ native co9age ( ,brita9 belongs to ! ,iron ,age1 & dates f #bjj to #aej ,b4,c4 ,sir ,john ,evans has collect$ toge!r all ! kn[n facts relat+ to ! numismatics ( ?is p]iod 9 8 ,co9s ( ! ,anci5t ,britons1 & gives excell5t maps %[+ ! geographical di/ribution ( ! f9ds4 ,pr(4 ,john ,rhys1 9 8 ,celtic ,brita9 7p4 #ai71 says3-- 8,! co9age ( ,brita9 _h be5 modell$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance aft] t ( ,gaul1 :i*1 9 its turn1 c be trac$ to ! ,phocan ,greeks ( ,massilia or ,m>seilles1 ?r\gh :om ! cont95tal ,gauls became acqua9t$ 9 ! latt] "p ( ! f\r? c5tury be=e ,*ri/ ) ! gold /at] ( ,philip ,,ii4 ( ,mac$on4 ,?is 0 a f9e co91 weigh+ #acc gra9s1 & hav+ on "o side ! head ( ,apollo wrea!d ) laurel1 :ile ! o!r %[$ a *>iote] 9 a biga1 ) ,philip's "n und]nea?4 ,x 0 imitat$ by ! ,gauls fairly well at fir/1 b z x got fur!r remov$ f ! orig9al 9 "t & place1 ! figures deg5]at$ into v curi\s & fanta/ic =ms40 ,be=e ! l&+ ( ,julius ,cs> 9 ,brita9 9 #ee ,b4,c4 ! ,cantii1 ! ,dutoriges1 ! ,catuvelauni1 & ! ,tr9ovantes ea* _h co9ages ( _! own1 b entirely devoid ( lett]+4 ,! lett]$ co9s beg9 ) ^? ( ,commios1 dat+ f a p]iod "s "t be=e #cj ,b4,c41 aft] :i* come ^? ( 8 ?ree sons--,t9commios1 ,v]ica1 & ,eppillos4 ,pr(4 ,j4 ,rhys#aeg says3-- 8,! co9s ( ,commios1 & "s ( ! e>li] ones ( ,t9commios1 cont9u$ ! deg5]ate imitations ( ! ,mac$onian /at] )\t %[+ any ,roman influ5ce2 b x 0 n long aft] ,augu/us became emp]or1 9 ! ye> #cj1 t ,t9commios copi$ ! ,lat9 =mula1 9 :i* ! =m] /yl$ himself ,augu/us ,divi ,filius1 or ! son ( 8 adoptive fa!r1 ,julius ,cs>1 :o _h n[ got to be (ficially call$ ,divus1 or ! god4 ,s ,t9commios _h inscrib$ on 8 money ! leg5d ,t9c4 ,commi ,f41 or ev5 %ort] abbreviations1 mean+ ,t9commios son ( ,commios2 & ! grotesque traits d]iv$ f ! /at] soon disappe> 9 fav\r ( classical designs ( v>i\s k9ds1 prov+ v di/9ctly t ! influ5ce ( ,roman art 0 beg9n+ to make itself felt 9 ! s\? ( ,brita940 ,! co9s :i* h be5 assign$ to ! ,dobunni 7al?\gh _! exact date1 place ( issue1 & sequ5ce are some:at d\btful7 belong to ! s]ies ( ! ,mac$onian /at]1 & %[ h>dly any trace ( ,roman influ5ce4 ,_! probable date#aeh seems to be betwe5 ,a4,d4 #a & #da4 #aeg ,celtic ,brita91 p4 #be4 #aeh ,ibid41 p4 #ce4 ,!re 0 no native ,briti% co9age ei!r 9 ,scotl&1 ,wales1 or ,irel&1 & 9 ,engl& ! f9ds d n ext5d fur!r nor? ?an ,newca/le-^u-,tyne4 ,! great] "p ( ! f9ds lie to ! s\? ( a l9e drawn f ,wroxet] to ! ,wa%1 & ea/ ( a l9e drawn f ! same place to ,exet]4 ,! geographical di/ribution ( ! f9ds is cle>ly %[n on ! map giv5 9 ,sir ,john ,evans' ,co9s ( ! ,anci5t ,britons4 ,,geographical ,,di/ribution ,,( ,,f9ds ,,( ,,objects ,,( ,,! ,,late-,,celtic ,,p]iod ,,9 ,,great ,,brita9#aei ,9 ! pres5t /ate ( our k no v satisfactory d$uctions c be made f a /udy ( ! geographical di/ribution ( ! f9ds ( ?is p]iod1 p>tly because ! discov]ies h be5 s imp]fectly record$ 7m especially 9 ,irel&71 & p>tly because a l>ge numb] ( sites :i* are probably ,late-,celtic /ill rema9 unexplor$4 ,ano!r difficulty to be reckon$ ) is t x is only )9 ! la/ few ye>s t ar*ologi/s h be5 able to di/+ui% betwe5 :at is purely ,celtic & :at is ,romano-,briti%4 ,inde$1 9 _m cases1 9 ! abs5ce ( co9s or o!r evid5ce1 x is q impossible to det]m9e :e!r p>ticul> f9ds are ( pre-,roman1 ,roman1 or ev5 po/-,roman1 z ! ,late-,celtic /yle ( decoration 0 9 vogue ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! ,pagan ,iron ,age 9 ,brita91 & surviv$ 9 remote di/ricts aft] ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,!n1 aga91 ! fact mu/ n be lo/ sight ( t ! great] frequ5cy ( f9ds 9 "s di/ricts ?an o!rs c be acc\nt$ = by _! hav+ be5 cov]$ ) lakes :]e crannogs c\ld be easily con/ruct$1 or on ! lime/one =mation1 :]e rock-%elt]s & caves suitable = tempor>y places ( refuge already exi/$4 #aei ,a complete li/ ( ! f9ds z f> z record$ is giv5 9 ! ,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 #e? s]41 vol4 xiii41 p4 #cba4 ,we w take ! geographical di/ribution ( ! sepul*ral rema9s fir/4 ,x is mo/ rem>kable t up to ! pres5t no ,late-,celtic burials h be5 record$ 9 ,wales1 ,scotl&1 or ,irel&1 al?\gh f9ds ( objects ( ! p]iod h be5 frequ5t 9 all ?ree ( ^! c\ntries4 ,! e>li] ,bronze ,age burial cu/oms may1 ( c\rse1 h surviv$ aft] ! introduction ( iron1 or int]m5ts ( ! ,iron ,age may h pass$ unrecognis$ ow+ to ! rapid decay ( ! metal implem5ts accompany+ ! body4 ,9 ,engl& ! greate/ numb] ( ,late-,celtic burials h be5 f\nd 9 ! s\?-ea/ corn] ( ,york%ire1 ne> ,bev]ley & ,driffield4 ,9 mo/ cases ! tumuli cov]+ ! graves are 9 l>ge gr\ps1 ^? at 8,danes' ,graves10 ne> ,kilham1 numb]+ #agh2 ^? at ,arras1 ne> ,m>ket ,weighton1 #bjj2 & ^? 9 ,scorbor\gh ,p>k1 ne> ,bev]ley1 #agj4 ,! p to :om ^! ext5sive cemet]ies belong$ probably invad$ ,brita9 f ! ,cont95t "s few c5turies be=e ! ,roman occupation1 & l&+ at ! m\? ( ! ,humb]1 settl$ p]man5tly on ! ea/ coa/ ( ,york%ire4 ,! p 9 "q _h long skulls1 & buri$ _! dead 9 a d\bl$-up attitude )\t cremation1 :i* has sugge/$ ano!r less probable !ory t !y 7 ! direct desc5dants ( ! m anci5t ,neoli?ic inhabitants ( ,york%ire4 ,9 ,d]by%ire "o und\bt$ ,late-,celtic burial has be5 f\nd#afj & !re are a few o!rs :i* seem to belong to ! transition t[>ds ! end ( ! ,roman occupation or ! beg9n+ ( ! ,saxon ,pagan p]iod4#afa #afj ,9 ,deepdale4 #afa ,at ,b5ty ,grange1 & on ,middleton ,moor4 ,9 ,k5t#afb & ,devon%ire#afc cemet]ies conta9+ a l>ge numb] ( graves h be5 br\ght to light4 ,isolat$ burials h be5 f\nd 9 s+le localities 9 ea* ( ! c\nties ( ,/af=d1#afd ,gl\ce/]1#afe ,dorset1#aff & ,cornwall4#afg ,! foll[+ li/s %[ ! geographical di/ribution ( ! inhabit$ or =tifi$ sites ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod 9 ,great ,brita93-- #afb ,at ,ayles=d4 #afc ,at ,m\nt ,batt54 #afd ,at ,b>la/on4 #afe ,at ,birdlip4 #aff ,9 ! ,isle ( ,portl&4 #afg ,at ,trelan ,bah[4 ,,caves ,,york%ire4 ,d[k]bottom ,hole1 ,arncliffe4 ,victoria ,cave1 ,settle4 ,kelko ,cave1 ,settle4 ,,lanca%ire4 ,kirkhead ,cave4 ,,d]by%ire4 ,?ir/ ,h\se1 ,deepdale4 ,poole's ,hole1 ne> ,buxton4 ,,/af=d%ire4 ,?or's ,cave1 ,dov$ale4 ,,devon%ire4 ,k5t's ,cav]n1 ,torquay4 ,,lake-,,dwell+s ,,& ,,crannogs ,,som]set%ire4 ,gla/onbury ,m>% ,village4 ,,lan>k%ire4 ,hynd=d ,crannog4 ,,ayr%ire4 ,lo*lee ,crannog4 ,lo*sp\ts ,crannog4 ,,wigt[n%ire4 ,d[alton ,crannog4 ,,co4 ,,antrim4 ,lisnacrogh]a ,crannog4 ,craigyw>r5 ,crannog4 ,,co4 ,,roscommon4 ,/roke/[n ,crannog4 ,ardakill5 ,crannog4 ,,co4 ,,we/mea?4 ,ball9d]ry ,crannog4 ,,co4 ,,mea?4 ,lagore ,crannog4 ,,picti% ,,t[]s ,,orkney4 ,bro* ( ,h>ray4 ,bro* ( ,ok/r[4 ,,cai?ness4 ,bro* ( ,kettleburn4 ,,selkirk%ire4 ,bro* ( ,torwoodlee4 ,,und]gr\nd ,,h\ses ,,ab]de5%ire4 ,ca/le ,newe4 ,,=f>%ire4 ,grange ( ,conan4 ,,celtic ,,oppida ,,& ,,=tifi$ ,,villages ,,york%ire4 ,/anwick4 ,,nor?ampton%ire4 ,hunsbury4 ,,k5t4 ,bigbury ,camp4 ,,sussex4 ,m\nt ,caburn4 ,,b]k%ire4 ,nor?field ,f>m1 ,long ,witt5ham4 ,,dorset%ire4 ,hod ,hill4 ,hambl$[n ,hill4 ,maid5 ,ca/le4 ,ro!rley4 ,,som]set%ire4 ,ham ,hill4 ,,nairn%ire4 ,burghead4 ,,p]?%ire4 ,ab]ne?y4 ,,ayr%ire4 ,seamill ,=t4 ,,c>digan%ire4 ,ca/ell ,nadolig4 ,,c>n>von%ire4 ,treceiri4 ,,romano-,,briti% ,,/ations ,,& ,,t[ns ,,nor?umb]l&4 ,great ,*e/]s 7sica74 ,ris+ham 7,habitancum74 ,,we/morel&4 ,br\gh4 ,kirkby ,?ore4 ,,lanca%ire4 ,rib*e/]4 ,,york%ire4 ,new ,malton4 ,,nor?ampton4 ,well+bor\gh4 ,,surrey4 ,f>ley ,hea?4 ,,hamp%ire4 ,sil*e/]4 ,,p]?%ire4 ,ardo*4 ,,dumfries4 ,birr5sw>k4 ,a /udy ( ! above li/s discloses "s int]e/+ facts4 ,x w be notic$ t ! caves are conf9$ exclusively to ! lime/one di/ricts ( ! c\nties ( ,york1 ,lanca/]1 ,d]by1 ,/af=d1 & ,devon4 ,! lake-dwell+s are f\nd *iefly 9 ! s\?-we/ ( ,scotl& & ! nor?-ea/ & c5tral "p ( ,irel&1 !re be+ only "o example 9 ,engl& & none 9 ,wales4 ,! bro*s & weems 7or und]gr\nd h\ses7 are ,picti% /ructures1 & !re=e d n occur any:]e except 9 ,scotl&1 *iefly 9 its nor?-ea/]n c\nties4 ,! ,celtic oppida are mo/ common 9 ! s\? ( ,engl& :]e ! ,belgic settlem5ts pr$om9at$1 b !re are a few examples 9 ,scotl&4 ,probably a m sy/ematic exam9ation ( ! hill-=ts ?r\gh\t ,great ,brita9 w\ld %[ t ^? 9 :i* l>ge areas are enclos$ by d\ble & triple ramp>ts ( /one or e>?#afh belong to ! ,late-,celtic p]iod4 ,at ! pres5t "t practically no?+ is kn[n z to ! age ( ! /one =ts & e>!n ra?s 9 ,irel& or ,wales4 ,mo/ ( ! ,romano-,briti% =tifi$ sites :i* h yield$ works ( art ( ,late-,celtic type1 al?\gh execut$ "u ,roman influ5ce1 are 9 ! s\? ( ,scotl& or 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&1 on or ne> ! ,wall ( ,hadrian1 or along ! l9es ( ! milit>y roads lead+ to x4#afi ,at ,f>ley ,hea?1 ne> ,guild=d1 ,surrey1 num]\s specim5s ( ,kelto-,roman enamell$ bronze objects h be5 f\nd1 & ?is site w\ld no d\bt produce a pl5tiful h>ve/ ( antiquities ( a simil> nature if prop]ly explor$4 ,! great difficulty1 h[ev]1 z we h already po9t$ out 9 deal+ ) ! ,romano-,briti% sites1 is to det]m9e to :at ext5t ! /yle ( ! art ( ! objects f\nd !re c be %[n to be def9itely ,celtic4 ,9 our li/s we h only includ$ sites f :i* h be5 procur$ antiquities exhibit+ ,celtic enamel & flamboyant ornam5t1 or fibul ( kn[n ,celtic type4 #afh ,i ref] "h to def5sive works 9 :i* ! :ole ( ! summit ( ! hill is enclos$4 ,^! =ts are usually ( approximately oval %ape1 & foll[ ! con=mation ( ! hill4 #afi ,z1 = in/ance1 at ,ris+ham 7,habitancum7 on ! road go+ nor? f ! ,wall into ,scotl&1 & at ,br\gh & ,kirkby ,?ore on ! road f ,york to ,c>lisle1 :i* passes ?r\gh upp] ,teesdale1 & !nce into ! valley ( ! ,ed54 ,if to ! sepul*ral deposits & inhabit$ sites j describ$ be add$ all ! miscellane\s f9ds ( objects accid5tally lo/ or purposely conceal$1 x w be obs]v$ t !re is h>dly a s+le c\nty ?r\gh\t ,engl&1 ,wales1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel& :i* _c %[ "o or two su* ,late-,celtic f9ds at lea/4 ,"s c\nties are nev]!less ri*] ?an o!rs1#agj z1 = in/ance1 ,ab]de51 ,=f>1 ,p]?1 ,ayr1 ,kirkcudbright1 & ,dumfries1 9 ,scotl&2 ,antrim1 ,mea?1 & ,roscommon1 9 ,irel&2 ,d5bigh%ire1 9 ,wales2 & ,nor?umb]l&1 ,durham1 ,york%ire1 ,d]by%ire1 ,suffolk1 ,middlesex1 ,k5t1 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 ,ox=d%ire1 ,b]ks1 ,wilts1 ,dorset1 ,hants1 & ,som]set1 9 ,engl&4 #agj i4e4 h f f\r to t5 localities :]e ,late-,celtic f9ds h be5 made4 ,,evid5ce ,,z ,,to ,,dates ,,( ,,f9ds ,,( ,,objects ,,( ,,! ,,e>ly ,,iron ,,age ,,9 ,,great ,,brita9 ,! f9ds ( objects ( ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age to :i* an approximate date c be assign$ are z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,f9ds associat$ ) burials ( a p>ticul> k9d4 7#b7 ,f9ds associat$ ) objects ( ! ,bronze ,age4 7#c7 ,f9ds associat$ ) objects ( e>ly ,hall/att type4 7#d7 ,f9ds associat$ ) fibul or o!r objects ( ,la ,tne type4 7#e7 ,f9ds ( objects associat$ ) import$ articles ( ,grco-,italic fabric4 7#f7 ,f9ds ( objects associat$ ) ,anci5t ,briti% co9s4 7#g7 ,f9ds ( objects1 7a7 on ,romano-,briti% inhabit$ or =tifi$ sites1 7b7 associat$ ) ,roman co9s1 & 7c7 associat$ ) articles ( ,roman manufacture4 ,!re are at lea/ ?ree diff]5t me?ods ( burial *>act]i/ic ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod 9 ,great ,brita94 7#a7 ,uncremat$ burials 9 excavat$ graves b5ea? b>r[s 9 :i* ! deceas$ is g5]ally f\nd ) 8 *>iot & horses1 z at ,arras1 ,york%ire4 7#b7 ,cremat$ burials 9 pits )\t any ext]ior m\nd1 ! a%es be+ conta9$ 9 c9]>y urns & ! burials 9 gr\ps1 z at ,ayles=d1 ,k5t4 7#c7 ,uncremat$ burials 9 graves =m$ ( slabs ( /one plac$ on edge1 )\t any ext]ior m\nd1 z at ,birdlip1 ,gl\ce/]%ire4 ,! fir/ class ( burials correspond ) ^? at ,b]ru & ,gorge-,meillet1 ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,m>ne1 & probably belong to ! same p]iod z ^! e>li] ,gauli% int]m5ts :i*1 f ! associat$ ,greek & ,etruscan relics1#aga are kn[n on ! ,cont95t to belong to ! ?ird1 f\r?1 & fif? c5turies ,b4,c4#agb ,! second1 or ,ayles=d urn-field type ( burial1 is dat$ by associat$ vessels ( ,italo-,greek fabric at f #bjj to #aej ,b4,c4#agc ,implem5ts ( ! ,bronze ,age h be5 occasionally discov]$ ) objects ( ,late-,celtic "*1 z at ,hagb\rn ,hill1#agd ,b]ks1 :]e a ,late-,celtic bridle-bit & h>ness-r+s 7 associat$ ) "s small spe>-heads & a socket$ celt2 & at ,h\nsl[1#age ,middlesex1 :]e ?ree figures ( bo>s & two ( o!r animals 7 f\nd ) celts & g\ges ( ! ,bronze ,age4 #aga ,su* z ! ,grcwyl bronze vase n[ 9 ! ,b]ne ,museum2 ! bronze no*oe & ,etruscan cup f ,somme-,bionne 7,m>ne72 & ! two-h&l$ cup f ,rod5ba*1 ,bav>ia 7describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 ,a4 ,b]tr&'s ,ar*ologie ,celtique et ,gauloise1 pp4 #cbh to #cdg74 #agb ,ar?ur ,evans 9 ,ar*ologia1 vol4 lii41 p4 #gb4 #agc ,ibid41 vol4 lii41 p4 #ff4 #agd ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xvi41 p4 #cdh4 #age ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,lond41 #bnd s]41 vol4 iii41 p4 #ij4 ,up to ! pres5t "t1 no specim5 has yet be5 f\nd 9 ?is c\ntry ( ! great iron sword ( ,hall/att type1 ) its massive ivory h&le encru/$ ) amb]4#agf ,( ! small] ,hall/att sword ) an iron blade & a bronze h&le1 hav+ ant5n-l projections at ! top1#agg "o specim5 f ! ,?ames is to be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & !re are ab\t half a doz5 o!rs 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy 9 ,dubl94 ,tall vessels made ( ?9 %eets ( bronze rivet$ toge!r & furni%$ ) two r\nd r+-h&les at ! top h be5 f\nd 9 ,irel& 7at ,montiaghs1#agh ,co4 ,armagh2 & ,d[ris1#agi ,k+'s ,co47 & 9 ,scotl& 7at ,c>dross1#ahj ,dumb>ton%ire72 ! =m ( ^! vessels %[s t !y are ak9 to ! situl ( ! late ,hall/att or e>ly ,la ,tne p]iod on ! ,cont95t4 ,9 ! in/ances :]e o!r objects h be5 associat$ ei!r ) ! swords ant5nes or situl 9 ,great ,brita9 !y h be5 ( purely ,bronze ,age type1 %[+ t ! ,hall/att p]iod on ! ,cont95t 0 e>li] ?an ! ,late-,celtic p]iod 9 ?is c\ntry4 #agf ,a4 ,b]tr& & ,s4 ,re9a*'s ,les ,celtes dans les ,valles du ,p et du ,danube1 p4 #abe4 #agg ,ibid41 p4 #he4 #agh ,j\r4 ,royal ,soc4 ,ant4 ,irel&1 s]4 #e1 vol4 vii41 p4 #dcg4 ,ano!r example f\nd 9 ,irel& is figur$ 9 ,sir ,w4 ,wylde's ,catal4 ,mus4 ,r4,i4,a41 p4 #eca4 #agi ,n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,evans' ,anci5t ,bronze ,implem5ts1 p4 #daj4 #ahj ,r4 ,munro's ,prehi/oric ,scotl&1 p4 #dj4 ,! =ms ( ! fibul associat$ ) ,late-,celtic f9ds af=d specially valuable evid5ce z to date4 ,! pre-,roman1 or ,la ,tne1 type ( fibula 0 made 9 "o piece on ! same pr9ciple z ! mod]n safety-p91 & !re=e diff]$ f ! ,roman ,prov9cial h>p1 or b[-%ap$ fibula1 9 :i* ! p9 0 sep>ate f ! back & work$ on a h+e4 ,fibul ( ! e>li] k9d h be5 f\nd ) ,late-,celtic burials at ,c[lam1 ,york%ire2 ,ayles=d1 ,k5t2 & ,birdlip1 ,gl\ce/]%ire2 & on inhabit$ & =tifi$ sites at ,hod ,hill1 & ,ro!rley1 ,dorset4 ,! fibul f ! ,/am=d ,hill ,cemet]y1 ne> ,plym\?1 & ! ,pold5 ,hill ho>d ( horse-trapp+s belong to ! lat] class4 ,z ! =ms ( ! diff]5t fibul w be discuss$ subsequ5tly1 no m ne$ be said on ! subject "h4 ,anci5t ,briti% co9s h be5 f\nd ne> ! ,late-,celtic cemet]ies at ,ayles=d1#aha ,k5t1 & ,/am=d ,hill1#ahb ne> ,plym\?2 also )9 ! =tifications ( ! ,late-,celtic oppida at ,m\nt ,caburn1#ahc ne> ,lewes1 ,sussex1 & ,hod ,hill1#ahd ne> ,bl&=d1 ,dorset4 ,g5]al ,pitt-,riv]s came across anci5t ,briti% co9s dur+ 8 excavations on ! site ( ! ,romano-,briti% village at ,ro!rley#ahe 9 ,cranb\rne ,*ase1 ,dorset1 & num]\s specim5s 7especially ( ! co9s ( ,v]ica1 "o ( ! ?ree sons ( ,commios7 h turn$ up f "t to "t at ,f>ley ,hea?1#ahf ne> ,guild=d1 ,surrey4 #aha ,ar*ologia1 vol4 lii41 p4 #cae4 #ahb ,ibid41 vol4 xl41 p4 #ejj4 #ahc ,ibid41 vol4 xlvi41 p4 #dbc4 #ahd ,ar*ol4 ,j\r41 vol4 lvii41 p4 #eb4 #ahe ,excavations 9 ,cranb\rne ,*ase1 vol4 ii41 p4 #ahh4 #ahf ,f4 ,m>t9 ,tupp]'s ,f>ley ,hea?1 p4 #aj4 ,! ,romano-,briti% inhabit$ or =tifi$ sites f :i* objects ( ,late-,celtic "* h be5 d]iv$1 h already be5 specifi$4 ,! foll[+ li/s %[ ! in/ances :]e ,late-,celtic f9ds h be5 associat$ ) ,roman co9s or ) objects ( ,roman manufacture3-- ,late-,celtic ,f9ds associat$ ) ,roman ,co9s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,place4 ,nature ( ,f9d4 ,date ( ,co9s4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,victoria ,cave1 ,settle1 ,inhabit$ ,site ,trajan to ,con/ans1 ,york%ire ,a4,d4 #ih-cec4 ,kelko ,cave1 ,giggleswick1 ,inhabit$ ,site 787 ,york%ire ,d[k]bottom ,cave1 ,inhabit$ ,site ,claudius ,go?icus ,arncliffe1 ,york%ire to ,tetricus1 ,a4,d4 #bfh-bgc ,kirkhead ,cave1 ,c>tmel1 ,inhabit$ ,site ,domitian1 ,a4,d4 #ha-if ,lanca%ire ,poole's ,cav]n1 ,inhabit$ ,site 787 ,buxton ,?ir/ ,h\se1 ,deepdale1 ,inhabit$ ,site ,anton9us ,pius to ,d]by%ire ,galli5us1 ,a4,d4 #ach-bfh ,?or's ,cave1 ,/af=d%ire ,inhabit$ ,site 787 ,bro* ( ,torwoodlee1 ,=tifi$ ,t[] ,vespasian1 ,a4,d4 #fi-gi ,selkirk%ire ,ro!rley1 ,dorset ,briti% ,village ,trajan to ,galli5us1 ,a4,d4 #ih-bfh ,kirkby ,?ore1 ,we/morel& ,vespasian to ,sev]us1 ,a4,d4 #fi-baa ,hod ,hill1 ,dorset ,=tifi$ ,site ,augu/us to ,trajan1 ,b4,c4 #bg-;,a4,d4 #aag sica1 ,nor?umb]l& ,romano-,briti% ,m>k ,antony to ,/ation ,magn5tius1 ,b4,c4 #cb-;,a4,d4 #cec ,f>ley ,hea? ,briti% ,village 787 ,al/onfield1 ,/af=d%ire ,burial ,tetricus & ,con/ant9e1 ,a4,d4 #bfh-ccg ,ham ,hill1 ,som]set ,=tifi$ ,site ,val]ian to ,!odosius ,i41 ,a4,d4 #cgi-cie ,we/hall1 ,suffolk ,horse-trapp+s ,fau/9a ,*orley1 ,lanca%ire ,fibul ,hadrian1 ,a4,d4 #aag-ach ,backwor?1 ,nor?umb]l& ,fibul ,anton9us ,pius1 ,a4,d4 #ach-afa ,k+%olm1 ,horse-trapp+s ,claudius1 ,a4,d4 #da-ed ,gl\ce/]%ire ,ca/le?orpe1 ,bucks ,silv] ,armlet ,v]us1 ,a4,d4 #afa-afi ---------------------------------------- -------------------------- ,late-,celtic ,f9ds associat$ ) ,samian ,w>e4 ,place4 ,nature ( ,f9d4 ,bro* ( ,ok/r[1 ,orkney ,picti% ,t[]4 ,lo*lee ,crannog4 ,lo*sp\ts ,crannog4 ,settle1 ,york%ire ,cave4 ,deepdale1 ,d]by%ire ,cave4 ,?or's ,cave1 ,/af=d%ire ,cave4 ,isle ( ,portl& ,burial4 ,we/hall1 ,suffolk ,horse-trapp+s4 ,late-,celtic ,f9ds associat$ ) ,objects ( ,roman ,manufacture4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,nature ( ,place4 ,late-,celtic ,class ( ,roman ,f9d4 ,object4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,d[alton1 ,wigt[n%ire ,crannog ,saucepan ,/anhope1 ,peebles%ire ,armlet ,saucepan ,pold5 ,hill1 ,som]set%ire ,horse-trapp+s ,fibul ,/am=d ,hill1 ne> ,cemet]y ,fibul ,plym\? ,ca/le?orpe1 ,bucks ,armlet sica1 ,nor?umb]l& ,fibul ,silv] necklace1 etc4 ,hay ,hill1 ,cambridge%ire ,fire-dog ,amphora ,m\nt ,bures1 ,essex ,fire-dog ,six amphor1 glass1 etc4 ,/an=dbury1 ,b$=d%ire ,fire-dog ,bronze jug1 ,samian w>e1 etc4 ---------------------------------------- ----------------------- ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,pagan ,,celtic ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,iron ,,age ,,g5]al ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,mat]ials ,,available ,,= ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,decorative ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,e>ly ,,iron ,,age ,,9 ,,great ,,brita9 ,! mat]ials available = ! /udy ( ,late-,celtic art 9 ?is c\ntry may be classifi$ z foll[s3-- ,,metalwork4 ,arms ( ,(f5ce & ,def5ce4 ,horse-trapp+s4 ,*>iot ,fitt+s4 ,p]sonal ,ornam5ts4 ,toilet ,appliances4 ,dome/ic ,appliances4 ,musical ,in/rum5ts4 ,objects = ,religi\s ,use4 ,objects ( ,unkn[n ,use4 ,,pott]y ,,& ,,glass4 ,sepul*ral ,urns4 ,vessels = ,dome/ic ,use4 ,beads = ,necklaces4 ,,woodwork ,,& ,,bonework4 ,vessels = ,dome/ic ,use4 ,dress-fa/5]s4 ,spatul4 ,,/onework4 ,sculptur$ ,monum5ts4 ,! arms ( (f5ce & def5ce ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod are made ( metal2 ! sword-blades1 dagg]-blades1 & lance-heads be+ ( iron2 & ! sword-%ea?s1 dagg]-%ea?s1 %ields1 & helmets ( bronze4 ,9 ?is c\ntry ! bronze objects only are ornam5t$4#ahg #ahg ,a lance-head ( iron f ,la ,tne1 9 ,switz]l&1 is ornam5t$ ) engrav$ patt]ns1 b no?+ ( a simil> k9d has be5 f\nd 9 ,great ,brita9 7,e4 ,v\ga1 ,les ,helvtes ,la ,tne1 pl4 #e74 ,bronze sword- & dagg]-%ea?s h be5 f\nd 9 consid]able numb]s 9 ,engl&1 & also less frequ5tly 9 ,scotl& & ,irel&1 z w be se5 f ! li/s giv5 bel[4 ,li/ ( ,localities 9 ,great ,brita9 :]e ,bronze ,sword-%ea?s ( ! ,late-,celtic ,p]iod h be5 f\nd4 ,c>ham ,nor?umb]l&4 ,embleton ,cumb]l&4 ,h\ghton le ,sk]ne ,co4 ,durham4 ,sadb]ge ,co4 ,durham4 ,w>ton ,lanca%ire4 ,/anwick ,york%ire4 ,catt]dale ,york%ire4 ,flasby ,york%ire4 ,grim?orpe ,york%ire4 ,l9coln ,l9coln%ire4 ,hunsbury ,nor?ampton%ire4 ,am]d5 ,buck+ham%ire4 ,wat] ,eaton ,ox=d%ire4 ,dor*e/] ,ox=d%ire4 ,boxmoor ,h]t=d%ire4 ,london ,middlesex4 ,batt]sea ,middlesex4 ,ickl+ham ,suffolk4 ,hod ,hill ,dorset%ire4 ,moreton ,hall ,midlo?ian4 ,gl5co?o ,peebles%ire4 ,b>gany ,h\se ,ayr%ire4 ,lisnacrogh]a ,co4 ,antrim4 ,li/ ( ,localities 9 ,great ,brita9 :]e ,bronze ,dagg]-%ea?s ( ! ,late-,celtic ,p]iod h be5 f\nd4 ,riv] ,)am ,l9coln%ire4 ,nor? ,h9ksey ,ox=d%ire4 ,w&swor? ,surrey4 ,s\?w>k ,surrey4 ,cookham ,b]k%ire4 ,a!nry ,co4 ,galway4 ,"s ( ^! %ea?s are elaborately ornam5t$1 m especially ! specim5s f ,hunsbury1 ,lisnacrogh]a1 & ! ,riv] ,)am4 ,! %ape ( ! %ea?s 0 evid5tly d]iv$ f a =eign s\rce1 z may be se5 by comp>+ ^? f\nd 9 ,great ,brita9 ) ! examples f ,hall/att & ,la ,tne4 ,bronze %ields ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod are n by any means common1 b ! ,briti% ,museum is =tunate en\gh to possess ! only two p]fect specim5s n[ 9 exi/5ce4 ,"o ( ^! came out ( ! ,riv] ,?ames at ,batt]sea1 & ! o!r f ! ,riv] ,)am1 ne> ,l9coln4 ,! =m] is1 p]haps1 on ! :ole1 ! mo/ beautiful piece ( ,late-,celtic metalwork t has surviv$ to ! pres5t "t4 ,x is ( oblong %ape ) r\nd$ corn]s l ! ,gauli% %ields1#ahh & is made out ( plates ( ?9 hamm]$ bronze1 /r5g!n$ all r\nd ! edge by a roll m\ld+4 ,! body ( ! %ield consi/s ( a pla9 plate ^u :i* are rivet$ ?ree circul> pieces ( ornam5tal rep\ss "w1 ! l>ge/ "o 9 ! c5tre1 & ! o!r two small] ones at ! top & bottom4 ,9 ! middle ( ea* ( ! circul> pieces ( ornam5t is a rais$ boss1 ! annul> space surr\nd+ :i* is fill$ 9 ) gracefully fl[+ ,s- & ,c-%ap$ curves rais$ above ! re/ ( ! surface1 & />t+ f & return+ to small circul> plaques ( enamel ) a swa/ika design on ea*4 ,no writt5 description c give any idea ( ! subtle decorative effect produc$ by ! play ( light on ! surfaces ( ! flamboyant curves z !y alt]nately exp& & contract 9 wid? & rise & fall above ! surr\nd+ level backgr\nd4 ,! draw+ ( ! curves is simply exquisite1 & _! beauty is greatly enhanc$ by ! %>p l9e us$ 9 all cases to emphasise ! highe/ "p ( ! ridge4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! design is set out ) reg>d to small circul> bits ( enamel plac$ 9 def9ite positions symmetrically r\nd a c5tral boss4 ,if closely coil$ spirals l ^? ( ! ,bronze ,age 7 to be sub/itut$ = ! enamell$ discs1 we %\ld !n h a /yle ( decoration exactly simil> to t ( ! ,*ri/ian ,celtic ,,mss4 ,! metalwork] :o made ?is %ield seems to h possess$ ! true arti/ic feel+ :i* told him in/9ctively exactly h[ mu* pla9 surface ( %9+ bronze %\ld be left to set (f ! ornam5t to ! greate/ advantage4 ,! o!r %ield 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 f ! ,riv] ,)am1 is v inf]ior to ! "o j describ$1 & is probably ( lat] date4 #ahh ,see article on ! ,gauli% /atue f ,montdragon 7,vaucluse7 n[ 9 ! ,muse ,calvet at ,avignon 9 ! ,revue ,ar*ologique1 ,n4,s41 vol4 xvi4 7#ahfg71 p4 #fi2 also ,diodorus1 bk4 #e1 *4 #cj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,iron ,,dagg] ,,) ,,bronze ,,hilt ,,& ,,%ea? ,,f ,,riv] ,,)am ,reproduc$ f ,kemble's 8,hor ,f]ales0 ,late-,celtic bronze helmets are ( great r>ity4 ,!re are two 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 "o f ! ,?ames at ,london1 & ! o!r f an unkn[n locality4 ,a ?ird f ,torrs1 ,kirkcudbright%ire1 is n[ pres]v$ at ,abbots=d1 ne> ,melrose4 ,! specim5 f ! ,?ames is furni%$ ) two conical horns t]m9at+ 9 small turn$ knobs1 all ! diff]5t pieces ( wr\ght metal be+ rivet$ toge!r ) extreme neatness4 ,! front ( ! helmet is ornam5t$ ) small1 r\nd enamell$ discs & rep\ss "w 9 v l[ relief4 ,! o!r helmet 9 ! ,briti% ,museum is %ap$ l a jockey's cap1 & is p>ticul>ly ugly 9 appe>ance4 ,! helmet at ,abbots=d has be5 s fully describ$ by ,dr4 ,joseph ,&]son 9 8 ,scotl& 9 ,pagan ,times3 ,! ,iron ,age 7p4 #aac7 t x w n be necess>y to say m ab\t x "h4 ,decorat$ bronze helmets ( ! ,la ,tne p]iod h be5 f\nd 9 ,france at ,b]ru#ahi 7,m>ne7 & ,gorge-,meillet#aij 7,m>ne74 #ahi ,a4 ,b]tr&'s ,ar*ologie ,celtique et ,gauloise1 #bnd ed41 #ahhi1 p4 #cef4 #aij ,e4 ,f\rdrigni]'s ,d\ble ,spulture ,gauloise de la ,gorge-,meillet4 ,x w be se5 f ! li/ giv5 bel[ h[ extremely common f9ds ( ,late-,celtic horse-trapp+s h be54 ,li/ ( ,localities 9 ,great ,brita9 :]e ,late-,celtic ,horse-trapp+s h be5 f\nd4 ,s\? ,%ields ,co4 ,durham4 ,/anwick ,york%ire4 ,arras ,york%ire4 ,rise ,york%ire4 ,danes' ,graves ,york%ire4 ,kirkby ,?ore ,we/morel&4 ,hunsbury ,nor?ampton%ire4 ,locality unkn[n ,l9coln%ire4 ,leice/] ,leice/]%ire4 ,! ,f5s ,cambridge%ire4 ,saham ,toney ,norfolk4 ,we/hall ,suffolk4 ,norton ,suffolk4 ,london ,middlesex4 ,cant]bury ,k5t4 ,bap*ild ,k5t4 ,/\t+ ,k5t4 ,alfri/on ,sussex4 ,*essell ,d[n ,isle ( ,wight4 ,hagb\rn ,hill ,b]k%ire4 ,pold5 ,hill ,som]set%ire4 ,hamdon ,hill ,som]set%ire4 ,ab]gele ,d5bigh%ire4 ,nea? ,glamorgan%ire4 ,clova ,ab]de5%ire4 ,cri*ie ,ab]de5%ire4 ,ardo* ,p]?%ire4 ,middleby ,dumfries%ire4 ,kirriemuir ,=f>%ire4 ,h5%ole ,roxburgh%ire4 ,torwoodlee ,selkirk%ire4 ,/anhope ,peebles%ire4 ,lo*lee ,ayr%ire4 ,d[alton ,wigt[n%ire4 ,birr5sw>k ,dumfries%ire4 ,au*5dolly ,kirkcudbright%ire4 ,ballyco/ello ,co4 ,mayo4 ,clooncunra ,co4 ,roscommon4 ,emlagh ,co4 ,roscommon4 ,t>a ,co4 ,mea?4 ,ballynam9ton ,k+'s ,co4 ,kilke]an ,co4 ,monaghan4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,h>ness-,,r+s ,,f ,,pold5 ,,hill1 ,,som]set%ire ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,scale ,,l9e> ,"u ! head ( horse-trapp+s are includ$ a l>ge numb] ( miscellane\s objects1 su* z bridle-bits1 h>ness-r+s1 -buckles1 & -m\nt+s1 p5dants1 head ornam5ts1 etc4 ,9 fact1 ! t]m has be5 mu* abus$ by museum curators1 :o1 :5 9 d\bt1 say horse-trapp+s4 ,mu* ! mo/ important f9ds1 consi/+ 9 ea* case ( a l>ge numb] ( objects1 h be5 ^? made at ,pold5 ,hill1 ,som]set%ire1 9 #ahja2 ,hagb\rne ,hill1 ,b]ks1 9 #ahjc2 ,we/hall1 ,suffolk2 ,/anwick1 ,arras1 & ,rise1 ,york%ire2 all ! objects be+ n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! specim5s f ! ,saham ,toney f9d1 :i* 0 equally important1 are to be se5 9 ! ,norwi* ,museum4 ,o!r small] f9ds are pres]v$ 9 ! museums at ,ed9burgh & ,dubl94 ,ne>ly all ! big f9ds ( horse-trapp+s h includ$ sev]al bridle-bits4 ,^! are usually q pla91 b !re are1 at lea/1 f\r highly ornam5t$ examples kn[n 7#a7 f ,rise1#aia ,york%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 7#b7 f ,birr5sw>k1#aib ,dumfries%ire1 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum2 7#c7 f\nd ne> ,t>a1#aic ,co4 ,mea?1 n[ 9 ! ,dubl9 ,museum2 & 7#d7 f ,kilke]an1#aid ,co4 ,monaghan1 also at ,dubl94 ,^! bridle-bits are =m$ ( ?ree or f\r sep>ate pieces l9k$ toge!r1 z 9 a mod]n "o1 & ! decoration1 :i* is conc5trat$ on ! t]m9al r+s1 consi/s ( ! usual ,late-,celtic trumpet-%ap$ expansions & col\r$ *amplev enamels4 #aia ,magaz9e ( ,art = #ahhe1 p4 #def4 #aib ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,pagan ,times3 ,iron ,age1 p4 #abd4 #aic ,sir ,w4 ,wilde's ,catal4 ( ,mus4 ,r4 ,i4 ,a41 p4 #fje4 #aid ,j\rn4 ,r4 ,hi/4 & ,ar*ol4 ,assoc4 ( ,irel&1 ,n4,s41 vol4 i41 p4 #dbc4 ,9 ne>ly all ! f9ds ( horse-trapp+s r+s ( v>i\s %apes & sizes are ( frequ5t occurr5ce4 ,!y 7 probably us$ = pass+ ! re9s or o!r p>ts ( ! h>ness ?r\gh1 & p]haps also to act z /rap buckles4 ,mo/ ( ! r+s are r\nd 9 cross-section1 except a segm5t sep>at$ f ! re/ by project+ flanges1 ! cross-section ( :i* is made rectangul>1 app>5tly to enable ! r+ to be m rigidly fix$ to ! h>ness4 ,! decoration ( ! r+s usually consi/s ( curi\s projections ( v>i\s %apes1 "s resembl+ pairs ( mu%rooms plac$ ) ! convex tops toge!r & ! /ems incl9$ at an angle2 :il/ o!rs are m l segm5ts ( an orange4 ,_m ( ! r+s are ornam5t$ ) engrav$ patt]ns compos$ ( l9es & dots1 or are enamell$4 ,! be/ specim5s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum h be5 d]iv$ f ! f9ds already describ$ at ,/anwick1 ,york%ire2 ,pold5 ,hill1 ,som]set2 & ,we/hall1 ,suffolk4 ,illu/ration3 ,l[] ends ( ,bronze ,sword-%ea?s f ,hunsbury ,n[ 9 ! ,nor?ampton ,museum ,! h>ness-m\nt+s are ei!r 9 ! =m ( a cross or a sort ( rosette1 ) petals l a fl[]1 "s po9t$ & "s r\nd4 ,at ! back ( ! m\nt+ are a pair ( rectangul> loops = pass+ a /rap ?r\gh4 ,! front is1 9 _m cases1 beautifully enamell$4 ,!re is an extremely pretty little cruci=m m\nt+ ( ?is k9d 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 b un=tunately ! locality :5ce x came is unkn[n4 ,two simil> specim5s h be5 record$1 "o 9 ! ,uffizi ,museum at ,flor5ce1#aie & ano!r f ,saham ,toney1#aif ,norfolk1 n[ 9 ! ,norwi* ,museum4 ,! mo/ elaborately decorat$ h>ness-m\nt+ ( ! rosette type is ! "o f ,pold5 ,hill1#aig ,som]set%ire1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,a l>ge numb] ( objects f\nd 9 ,irel&1 resembl+ a spur or ! m]ry-bone ( a *ick5 9 %ape1 h be5 conjectur$ to be horses' head ornam5ts4#aih ,"o ( !m 0 f\nd ne> ,t>a1 ,co4 ,mea?1 ) ! bridle-bit already m5tion$4 #aie ,kemble's ,hor ,f]ales1 pl4 #ai1 fig4 #e4 #aif ,norfolk ,ar*ology1 vol4 ii41 p4 #cih4 #aig ,kemble's ,hor ,f]ales1 pl4 #ai1 fig4 #c4 #aih ,!re are m ?an ?irty-two 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy 7see ,wilde's ,catal41 p4 #aji74 ,o!rs h be5 f\nd 9 ! c\nties ( ,roscommon1 ,sligo1 & ,cork 7see ,proc4 ,r4 ,i4 ,a41 vol4 vii41 p4 #afa2 ,vallancey's ,coll4 de ,rebus ,hib]nicis1 vol4 iv41 p4 #ed2 & ,wood ,m>t9's ,pagan ,irel&1 p4 #dfb74 ,iron tyres ( *>iot-:eels h be5 f\nd at ,/anwick1 ,arras1 ,bev]ley1 & ,danes' ,graves 9 ,york%ire1 & ,hunsbury1 ,nor?ampton%ire2 b ! bronze objects associat$ ) !m1 :i* are believ$ to be ! fitt+s ( ! *>iots1 d n af=d suffici5tly *>act]i/ic decoration to ne$ description "h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,late ,,celtic ,,bronze ,,fibula ,,f ,,walm]1 ,,k5t2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,scale ,,l9e> ,illu/ration3 ,,late ,,celtic ,,fibula ,,f ,,irel&2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,museum ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,iri% ,,academy1 ,,dubl9 ,illu/ration3 ,,enamell$ ,,bronze ,,fibula ,,f ,,ris+ham1 ,,nor?umb]l&2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,newca/le ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,fibula1 ,,wat] ,,eaton1 ,,oxon2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,scale #a_/a ,,l9e> ,! p]sonal ornam5ts ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod consi/ *iefly ( fibul1 p9s1 coll>s1 & armlets1 usually ( bronze1 b 9 r>e in/ances ( gold or silv]4 ,! evolution ( ! ,roman ,prov9cial type ( fibula f e>li] ,la ,tne type c be n[h]e bett] /udi$ ?an 9 ?is c\ntry dur+ ! transition f ! ,late-,celtic to ! ,romano-,briti% p]iod4 ,to anyone :o is acqua9t$ ) ! elaborate /udies#aii made by ,sc&9avian ar*ologi/s on ! orig9 & developm5t ( ! v>i\s =ms ( fibul f\nd 9 nor!rn ,europe x mu/ be a matt] ( surprise t up to ! pres5t no attempt has be5 made to d ! same ?+ = our own c\ntry4 ,) ! exception ( ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,evans' pap] 9 ! ,ar*ologia1#bjj absolutely no?+ has be5 writt5 on ! subject 9 ,engl&1 nor d ! curators ( our public museums make ! fa9te/ attempt to classify ! diff]5t k9ds ( fibul ( ! ,romano-,briti% p]iod accord+ to _! %apes4 #aii ,hans ,hildebr&'s ,indu/rial ,arts ( ,sc&9avia2 ,osc> ,montelius' 8,spnn5 frn bronsld]n0 9 ! ,antiqu>isk ,tidskrift fr ,sv]ige2 & ,o4 ,almagr5's ,/udi5 b] nord5 europis*e ,fibel=m54 #bjj ,vol4 lv41 p4 #agi4 ,look$ at f a purely me*anical po9t ( view1 a fibula1 or broo*1 belongs to ! same class ( appliances z an ord9>y door-lock2 be+1 9 fact1 a device = fa/5+ appli$ to dress4 ,! fibula 0 probably 9 its e>li] /ages evolv$ f a simple p9 by endeav\r+ to inv5t "s way by :i* ! p9 might be prev5t$ f slipp+ out once x _h be5 ins]t$ 9 ! fabric ( ! dress4 ,a suffici5tly obvi\s plan = effect+ ?is is to connect ! head ( ! p9 ) ! po9t by means ( a rigid b> suffici5tly b5t into ! %ape ( an ar* to avoid press+ too closely ^u ! portion ( ! dress betwe5 x & ! p94 ,:5 fix$ 9 its place ! broo* =ms a complete r+1 s t a lock+ & unlock+ contrivance is necess>y 9 ord] to enable x to be remov$ :5 n 9 use4 ,! mod]n safety-p91 :i* is also "o ( ! mo/ anci5t inv5tions1 is p]haps ! simple/ k9d ( dress-fa/5]1 & yet x is ! p>5t ( ! almo/ endless s]ies ( ,european fibul f ! ,bronze ,age to ! pres5t "t4 ,x c be con/ruct$ 9 ! easie/ possible mann] out ( a s+le piece ( metal wire ( uni=m ?ickness by mak+ a coil 9 ! middle ( its l5g? to act z a spr+ & a po9t at "o end & a hook at ! o!r4 ,! po9t$ end is !n b5t r\nd until x cat*es 9 ! hook1 & ! ?+ is complete4 ,!re are two o!r classes ( broo*es :i* d n belong to ! safety-p9 type or its desc5dants1 namely1 7#a7 ! ,celtic p5annul> broo*2#bja & 7#b7 ! ,nor!rn ,bronze ,age broo*1#bjb :i* has a p9 ) a hole ?r\gh ! head enabl+ x to slide1 turn1 & move ab\t loosely on ! body ( ! broo*4 ,) ^! we are n conc]n$ at pres5t4 #bja ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,times1 #bnd s]41 p4 #g4 #bjb ,j4 ,j4 ,a4 ,worsaae's ,indu/rial ,arts ( ,d5m>k1 p4 #ib4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,fibula ,,f ,,clogh]1 ,,co4 ,,tyrone2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,scale #a_/a ,,l9e> ,illu/ration3 ,,late-,,celtic ,,bronze ,,fibula1 ,,locality ,,unkn[n2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,scale #a_/a ,,l9e> ,illu/ration3 ,s-,,%ap$ ,,enamell$ ,,bronze ,,fibula1 ,,locality ,,unkn[n2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,scale #a_/a ,,l9e> ,illu/ration3 ,s-,,%ap$ ,,fibula ,,( ,,enamell$ ,,bronze1 ,,f ,,norton1 ,e4 ,,rid+ ,,( ,,york%ire2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,scale #a_/a ,,l9e> ,al?\gh ! safety-p9 type ( fibula 01 9 its e>li] /ages1 made out ( a s+le piece ( wire1 x may be consid]$ to consi/ ( f\r diff]5t p>ts1 ea* ( :i* p]=ms a function ( its own1 namely1 7#a7 ! head1 conta9+ ! spr+ or h+e2 7#b7 ! tail1 conta9+ ! cat*1 or lock+ app>atus2 7#c7 ! body or framework1 connect+ ! head ) ! tail2 & 7#d7 ! p91 mov+ on a h+e or spr+ at "o end & ) ! po9t$ end fitt+ into ! cat*4 ,9 all fibul d]iv$ f ! safety-p9 ! p9 is /raight & ! body b5t into a m or less ar*$ %ape1 l a b[4 ,an inf9ite v>iety ( =ms 7 produc$ 7#a7 by increas+ ! numb] ( coils 9 ! spr+ & _! size2 7#b7 by exp&+ ! tail end into a ?9 triangul> plate2 & 7#c7 by increas+ ! ?ickness ( ! body1 or by mak+ a coil 9 ! middle ( its l5g? to act z a second>y spr+4 ,mu* ! mo/ important modifications1 h[ev]1 9 ! safety-p9 broo*es 7 ^? :i* gradually l$ up to ! h>p-%ap$1 ,t-%ap$1 & cruci=m fibul ( ! ,romano-,briti% p]iod4 ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,j4 ,evans1 9 8 pap] 9 ! ,ar*ologia 7vol4 lv41 p4 #agi7 on 8,two ,fibul ( ,celtic ,fabric f sica10 has trac$ ! evolution ( ! h>p-%ap$ fibula f ! b[-%ap$ fibula 9 a mo/ int]e/+ way4 ,! diff]5t /ages 9 ! process appe> to h be5 z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,! tail end ( ! fibula 0 ext5d$ & b5t backw>ds s z to make an ,s-%ap$ curve ) ! b[2 7#b7 ! retr(lect$ end ( ! tail 0 fix$ to ! middle ( ! convex side ( ! b[ by means ( a small coll>1 made 9 a sep>ate piece2 7#c7 ! :ole ( ! back 0 =m$ out ( "o piece ( metal1 ) ! coll> surviv+ z a m]e ornam5t2 & 7#d7 ! triangul> op5+ at ! tail1 b\nd$ by ! retr(lect$ end1 "p ( ! b[1 & ! cat* = ! po9t ( ! p91 0 fill$ 9 solid ) a ?9 plate4 ,x w be notic$ t dur+ ?is process ( evolution ! ext5d$ & retr(lect$ end ( ! tail has become "p ( ! cont9u\s curve ( ! convex side ( ! b[1 :il/ :at 0 previ\sly "o-half ( ! outside ( ! b[ is n[ on ! inside ( ! triangul> plate at ! tail end4 ,?is1 toge!r ) ! expansion ( ! head to suit ! increas$ numb] ( coils 9 ! spr+1 produc$ ! *>act]i/ic h>p-%ape ( ! ,romano-,briti% fibula1 9 _m ( :i* ! knob ornam5t 9 ! middle ( ! back is ! la/ survival ( ! coll> = fix+ ! retr(lect$ end ( ! tail 9 its place4 ,! cruci=m & ,t-%ap$ fibul1 :i* began 9 ,roman times & cont9u$ to be us$ by ! ,anglo-,saxons1 result$ f ext5d+ ! coils ( ! spr+ at ! head symmetrically on bo? sides ( ! p94 ,9 ?is class ( fibula ! two outside ends ( ! coil 7 jo9$ by a loop pass+ ?r\gh ! inside ( ! b[ s z to give extra lev]age to ! spr+1 or sometimes s]v+ m]ely z a loop = susp5sion by means ( a *a94 ,a specim5 ( silv] 0 f\nd at ! ,w>r51#bjc ne> ,folke/one1 & is n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! l[] portion is1 un=tunately1 brok5 (f1 b ! retr(lect$ end ( ! tail rema9s1 ) ! little ornam5tal knob :i* is ! survival ( ! practically useful coll> = secur+ x to ! back ( ! b[4 ,! coils ( ! spr+ on ea* side ( ! p9 & ! connect+ loop are cle>ly se51 toge!r ) ! loose r+ pass+ ?r\gh ! coils ( ! spr+ & a portion ( ! *a9 = susp5sion4 #bjc ,! ,reliqu>y = #aija1 p4 #aig4 ,an exce$+ly pretty pair ( h>p-%ap$ fibul ( silv]1 ) a well-wr\ght *a9 = susp5sion1 7 f\nd ne> ,*orley1 ,lanca%ire1 ) ,roman co9s dat+ f ,galba to ,hadrian1 & are n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,at ! top ( ea* fibula is a loop = atta*m5t to ! *a91 & ! bodies are beautifully ornam5t$ ) ,late-,celtic flamboyant patt]ns4 ,! knob1 :i* is ! survival ( ! coll> already ref]r$ to1 has "h assum$ a highly ornam5tal =m resembl+ two floriat$ capitals ( columns plac$ toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,fibula ,,f ,,pold5 ,,hill1 ,,som]set%ire2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,side ,,view1 ,,scale ,,l9e> ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,fibula ,,f ,,pold5 ,,hill1 ,,som]set%ire2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,front ,,view1 ,,scale ,,l9e> ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,fibula ,,f ,,riv] ,,*urn2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,side ,,view1 ,,scale #a_/a ,,l9e> ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,fibula ,,f ,,riv] ,,*urn2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,front ,,view1 ,,scale #a_/a ,,l9e> ,! specim5 repres5t$ on p4 #ajd is "o ( a pair ( silv]-gilt fibul1 simil> to ! prec$+1 b l>g] & )\t ! *a91 al?\gh possess+ ! loops = susp5sion4 ,!y 7 pur*as$ 9 ,newca/le ab\t ! ye> #ahaa1 & are n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x is /at$ 9 ,hodgson's ,hi/ory ( ,nor?umb]l& 7vol4 iii41 ,app5dix x41 p4 #ddj7 t ! locality f :5ce !y came 0 some:]e 9 ! c\nty nor?-ea/ ( ,backwor?4 ,! fibul 7 discov]$ 9 a silv] pat]a be>+ a d$icatory inscription to ! ,de ,matres1 & conta9+1 9 addition-- #e gold r+s4 #a silv] r+4 #b gold *a9s ) :eel p5dants4 #a gold bracelet4 #c silv] spoons4 #a mirror4 #bhj d5>ii4 #b l>ge brass co9s ( ,anton9us ,pius4 ,a full acc\nt ( ! f9d is giv5 9 ,e4 ,hawk9s' 8,notice ( a rem>kable collection ( ornam5ts ( ! ,roman p]iod1 connect$ ) ! wor%ip ( ! ,de ,matres1 & rec5tly pur*as$ = ! ,briti% ,museum0 9 ! ,ar*ological ,j\rnal 7vol4 viii41 p4 #ce74 ,illu/ration3 ,"o ( a pair ( silv]-gilt ,fibul f\nd 9 ,nor?umb]l&1 ) ,d5>ius ( ,anton9us ,pius 7,a4,d4 #aci7 ,drawn by ,c4 ,praetorius ,we may "h call att5tion to ! int5sely ,celtic "* ( ! fibul j describ$4 ,! we>+ ( broo*es 9 pairs ) a *a9 atta*m5t 0 a ,celtic & n a ,roman cu/om1 z has already be5 po9t$ out 9 a previ\s volume ( ,! ,reliqu>y 7= #ahie1 p4 #aeg74 ,a pair ( bronze fibul1 ( ! same k9d z ! "o f ! ,w>r51 ,folke/one1 fa/5$ toge!r by a d\ble *a91 0 f\nd 9 "o ( ! ,gauli% cemet]ies 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,m>ne#bjd 9 ,france1 & is n[ to be se5 9 ! museum ( ,/4 ,g]ma91 ne> ,p>is4 ,x may1 !re=e1 be fairly assum$ t all ! fibul f\nd 9 ?is c\ntry ) *a9s atta*$ to !m or ) loops = a *a9 at ! top are m ,celtic ?an ,roman4 #bjd ,engrav$ 9 ! ,dictionnaire ,ar*ologique de la ,gaule4 ,o!r examples f ! cemet]ies ( ,somme-,bionne1 ,c\rtois1 ,bussy-le-,*teau1 & ,sommes\s 9 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ! ,m>ne1 are giv5 9 ! ,album accompany+ ,l4 ,morel's ,la ,*ampagne s\t]ra9e 7pls4 #ac1 #bi1 #cd1 & #dj74 ,among/ ! ,late-,celtic antiquities 9 ! ,briti% ,museum are ?ree specim5s :i* illu/rate ! evolution ( ! h>p-%ap$ fibula v well4 ,"o ornam5t$ ) a coral boss & gold /ud1 probably f ! ,m>ne di/rict1 0 pres5t$ by ! late ,sir ,a4 ,w4 ,franks2 ano!r came f a *alk pit ne> ,walm]1 ,k5t2 & ! ?ird 0 f\nd at ,clogh]1 ,co4 ,tyrone4 ,broadly speak+1 x may be said t ! safety-p9 type ( fibula made 9 "o piece is e>li] 9 date ?an ! ,roman occupation ( ,brita91 & ! specim5s f\nd 9 ?is c\ntry are obvi\sly ei!r import$ f abroad or copi$ f =eign orig9als1 su* z ^? f\nd at ,la ,tne1 9 ,switz]l&1 & 9 ! ,*ampagne di/rict ( ,france4 ,! fibula 9 use 9 ,brita91 aft] x became a prov9ce ( ! ,roman ,empire1 has a massive h>p or b[-%ap$ back made 9 a sep>ate piece f ! p9 & spr+4 ,9 ! e>li]1 or ,la ,tne type ( ! fibula1 ! cat* = ! end ( ! p9 =ms "o side ( a triangul> op5+1 :i*1 z we h already m5tion$1 is fill$ 9 ) a ?9 plate 9 ! lat] or ,roman ,prov9cial fibula4 ,!re is also a sort ( transitional k9d1 ) ornam5tal pi]c+s 9 ! plate4 ,!re 0 yet ano!r description ( fibula belong+ to ! ,romano-,briti% p]iod1 hav+ a flat plate = ! body 9 ! %ape ( a circul> disc1 or sometimes 9 ! %ape ( a fi% or animal4 ,! diff]5t classes ( ,late-,celtic fibul are giv5 9 ! foll[+ li/s4 ,li/ ( ,localities 9 ,great ,brita9 :]e ,late-,celtic ,fibul h be5 f\nd4 ,,la ,t,,ne ,,& ,,m>nian ,,type1 ,,) ,,tail ,,b5t ,,backw>ds4 ,c[lam 7,brit4 ,mus47 ,york%ire4 ,hamm]smi? 7,brit4 ,mus47 ,middlesex4 ,avebury 7,brit4 ,mus47 ,wilt%ire4 ,wat] ,eaton 7,brit4 ,mus47 ,ox=d%ire4 ,clogh] 7,brit4 ,mus47 ,co4 ,tyrone4 ,,la ,t,,ne ,,& ,,m>nian ,,type1 ,,) ,,tail ,,b5t ,,backw>ds ,,& ,,atta*$ ,,to ,,b[4 ,ayles=d 7,brit4 ,mus47 ,k5t4 ,folke/one 7,brit4 ,mus47 ,k5t4 ,walm] 7,brit4 ,mus47 ,k5t4 ,locality n giv5 7,liv]pool ,mus47 ,k5t4 ,dat*et ,ox=d%ire4 ,,la ,t,,ne ,,& ,,m>nian ,,type1 ,,) ,,flatt5$ ,,& ,,exp&$ ,,b[4 ,r+ham ,l[ ,d]by%ire4 ,hod ,hill 7,brit4 ,mus47 ,dorset%ire4 ,london 7,guildhall ,mus47 ,middlesex4 ,bonville 7,brit4 ,mus47 ,co4 ,armagh4 ,navan ,ra? 7,mus4 ,r4,i4,a47 ,co4 ,armagh4 ,locality unkn[n 7,mus4 ,r4,i4,a47 ,irel&4 ,hunsbury 7,nor?ampton ,mus47 ,n'hampton%ire4 ,,transitional ,,type1 ,,) ,,ornam5tal ,,head ,,& ,,ei!r ,,pla9 ,,or ,,pi]c$ ,,tail-,,plate4 ,birdlip 7,gl\ce/] ,mus47 ,gl\ce/]%ire4 ,london 7,guildhall ,mus47 ,middlesex4 ,,roman ,,prov9cial ,,type1 ,,) ,,h>p-,,%ap$ ,,pr(ile1 ,t-,,%ap$ ,,top1 ,,or ,,spr+-,,case1 ,,& ,,pi]c$ ,,tail-,,plate4 ,pold5 ,hill 7,brit4 ,mus47 ,som]set%ire4 ,/am=d ,hill1 ,plym\? ,devon%ire4 ,cricklade 7,brit4 ,mus47 ,wilt%ire4 ,,roman ,,prov9cial ,,type1 ,,) ,,h>p-,,%ap$ ,,pr(ile1 ,,exp&$ ,,trumpet-,,%ap$ ,,top1 ,,& ,,floriat$ ,,knob ,,9 ,,middle ,,( ,,b[4 ,backwor? 7,brit4 ,mus47 ,nor?umb]l&4 ,*orley 7,brit4 ,mus47 ,lanca%ire4 ,great ,*e/]s 7,newca/le ,mus47 ,nor?umb]l&4 ,riv] ,tyne 7,newca/le ,mus47 ,nor?umb]l&4 ,ris+ham 7,newca/le ,mus47 ,nor?umb]l&4 ,rib*e/] ,lanca%ire4 ,f>ley ,hea? ,surrey4 ,,kelto-,,roman ,,disc-,,%ap$ ,,type1 ,,) ,,rep\ss ,,ornam5t4 ,br\gh 7,brit4 ,mus47 ,we/morel&4 ,victoria ,cave1 ,settle ,york%ire4 ,sil*e/] 7,/ra?fieldsaye ,h\se7 ,hamp%ire4 ,,kelto-,,roman ,s-,,%ap$ ,,or ,,zo,,morphic ,,type1 ,,) ,,enamell$ ,,ornam5t4 ,kirkby ,?ore ,we/morel&4 ,d[k]bottom ,cave1 ,settle ,york%ire4 ,malton ,york%ire4 ,?ir/ ,h\se ,cave1 ,deepdale ,d]by%ire4 ,kilnsea ,york%ire4 ,cir5ce/] ,gl\ce/]%ire4 ,locality unkn[n 7,brit4 ,mus47 ,metal p9s d n seem to h be5 mu* us$ z dress-fa/5]s dur+ ! ,late-,celtic p]iod1 judg+ f ! numb] to be se5 9 our public museums4 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful p9s ( ?is p]iod n[ 9 exi/5ce is ! "o f\nd ) ! burial previ\sly m5tion$ at ,danes' ,graves1#bje ne> ,driffield1 ,york%ire1 & n[ 9 ! ,york ,museum4 ,! p9 is ( bronze1 ) a peculi> crook ne> ! top & a circul> head 7resembl+ a *>iot-:eel ) f\r spokes7 inlaid ) %ell1 or1 accord+ to ano!r acc\nt1 enamell$4 ,two bronze p9s1 ) pla9 turn$ heads1 7 among/ ! objects d]iv$ f ! ,?ir/ ,h\se ,cave1#bjf ,deepdale1 ,d]by%ire4 #bje ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,lond4 s]4 #b1 vol4 xvii41 p4 #abj4 #bjf ,! ,reliqu>y = #ahig1 p4 #if4 ,sev]al p9s ( ! class kn[n z 8hamm]-head$0 h be5 discov]$ f "t to "t1 *iefly 9 ,irel& & ,scotl&4 ,^! p9s are ( consid]able size1 "s be+ t5 in*es long1 & h semicircul> heads ) ! convex side fac+ d[nw>ds4 ,! top ( ! p9 is b5t at "r angles1 & ! head fix$ on 9 front ( x4 ,at ! top ( ! head are usually f ?ree to five project+ /uds1 & ! face ( ! head is enamell$ ) ,late-,celtic designs4 ,f ! associations 9 :i* su* p9s h be5 f\nd & ! /yle ( _! decoration1 !y w\ld seem to belong to ! transition p]iod betwe5 ,paganism & ,*ri/ianity4 ,!re is "o 9 ! ,briti% ,museum f ,moresby1 ,cumb]l&1 :i* 0 associat$ ) a small bronze ornam5t ( ,late-,celtic "*2 ano!r 9 ! same collection f ,craigyw>r51#bjg ,co4 ,antrim1 has spiral patt]ns ^u x2 :il/ a ?ird 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum1 f ,norrie's ,law1#bjh ,=f>%ire1 0 associat$ ) co9s ( ! sev5? c5tury1 & silv] leaf-%ape p5dants engrav$ ) ! same my/]i\s symbols :i* occur s frequ5tly on ! e>ly ,*ri/ian sculptur$ /ones ( ,scotl&4 ,a hamm]-head$ p9 ( silv] f ,gaulcross1#bji ,banff%ire1 has spiral designs ^u ! head1 b ( a k9d m ne>ly resembl+ t f\nd on ! ,*ri/ian crosses ( ab\t ! n9? c5tury 9 ,argyll%ire ?an ! ,late-,celtic flamboyant designs ( ,pagan times4 ,o!r examples ( p9s ( ?is k9d h be5 f\nd at ,lagore1#baj ,co4 ,mea?1 ,urquh>t1#baa ,elg9%ire1 on ! ,culb9 ,s&s1 ,nairn%ire1 & 9 ! isl& ( ,pabbay1 ,hebrides4 #bjg ,wood ,m>t9's ,lake-,dwell+s ( ,irel&1 p4 #aaj4 #bjh ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,times1 #bnd s]41 p4 #cf4 #bji ,dr4 ,j4 ,/u>t's ,sculptur$ ,/ones ( ,scotl&1 vol4 ii41 pl4 #i4 #baj ,wood ,m>t9's ,lake-,dwell+s ( ,irel&4 #baa ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,scot41 vol4 xxxv41 p4 #bgi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,hook-,,&-,,disk ,,ornam5t ,,f ,,irel&2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,dubl9 ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,p91 ,,enamell$1 ,,f ,,danes ,,graves1 ,,ne> ,,driffield1 ,,york%ire2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,york ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,disc ,,fibula ,,) ,,late-,,celtic ,,ornam5t1 ,,f ,,sil*e/]2 ,,n[ ,,at ,,/ra?fieldsaye ,,h\se ,s4 ,victor ,:ite1 ( ,read+1 photo4 ,unque/ionably ! f9e/ ,late-,celtic p]sonal ornam5ts are ! coll>s = we>+ r\nd ! neck1 ( :i*1 at lea/1 two 9 gold & ab\t t5 9 bronze are kn[n to exi/4 ,be+ l>g] ?an any o!r class ( p]sonal ornam5t1 !y naturally af=d great] scope = ! display ( ! elaborate =ms ( flamboyant designs 9 :i* ! art metalwork] ( ! p]iod us$ to revel4 ,"o ( ! gold coll>s j ref]r$ to came f ,broight]1 on ! we/]n %ore ( ,l\gh ,foyle1 ne> ,limavady1 ,co4 ,londond]ry4 ,x 0 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 b has rec5tly be5 remov$ to ,dubl94 ,! coll>1 :i* =m$ "p ( "o ( ! mo/ valuable f9ds ( gold ornam5ts yet made 9 ,great ,brita91 is unique bo? z reg>ds its =m & ! extraord9>y arti/ic skill display$ 9 its decoration4 ,! ho>d 0 accid5tally br\ght to light 9 #ahif :il/ pl\gh+ a field on ! f>m occupi$ by ,mr4 ,j4 ,l4 ,gibson4 ,we give a li/ ( ! v>i\s objects compris+ ! f9d bel[4 ,li/ ( ,objects 9 ! ,limavady ,f9d ( ,gold ,ornam5ts4 7#a7 ,model ( a boat1 #g in*es long by #c in*es wide1 weigh+ #c ozs4 #e dwts41 ) b5*es & r[locks = eighte5 o>sm5 7n9e on ea* side7 & r[lock = /e]+-paddle 9 ! /]n4 7#b7 ,boat-fitt+s 9 m9iature1 consi/+ ( fifte5 o>s1 "o grappl+-iron1 ?ree =k$ implem5ts1 "o y>d-arm1 & "o small sp>4 7#c7 ,b[l1 #c in*es 9 diamet] by #b in*es deep1 weigh+ #a oz4 #e dwts4 #ab grs41 provid$ ) f\r small r+s = susp5sion4 7#d7 ,two twi/$ necklets 7"o brok571 ! p]fect "o #e in*es 9 diamet]1 weigh+ #c ozs4 #g dwts4 #i grs4 7#e7 ,two *a9s ( plait$ wire1 "o #a foot #b in*es long1 weigh+ #b ozs4 #g dwts41 & ! o!r #a foot #d in*es long1 weigh+ #f dwts4 #ab grs4 7#f7 ,late-,celtic coll>1 #g in*es 9 diamet]1 made ( a tubul> r+ #a in* 9 diamet]4 ,! coll> mu/ h _h a jo9t ( "s k9d1 :i* is n[ miss+2 & ! fa/5+ is a mo/ peculi> "o1 consi/+ ( a ,t-%ap$ projection on ! end1 "o-half ( ! tubul> r+ fitt+ into a slot 9 ! end ( ! o!r half ( ! r+4 ,! lock+ is effect$ by giv+ ! slott$ end a half turn aft] ! ,t-%ap$ projection has be5 ins]t$4 ,! :ole ( ! ext]ior surface ( ! tube is decorat$ ) long sweep+ curves1 n>r[ 9 ! middle & ) trumpet-%ap$ expansions at ea* end1 comb9$ ) helixes resembl+ a snail-%ell4 ,! backgr\nd is %ad$ ) a sort ( eng9e-turn$ patt]n ( f9e l9es drawn ) a pair ( compasses4 ,?is rem>kable gold coll> has be5 fully describ$ & illu/rat$ by ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,evans 9 ! ,ar*ologia 7vol4 lv41 p4 #cig71 & ! facts relat+ to its discov]y are relat$ 9 detail by ,mr4 ,r4 ,co*rane1 ,f4,s4,a41 9 a pap] 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,irel& 7vol4 xxxiii41 p4 #baa74 ,an acc\nt ( ! evid5ce giv5 by ,mr4 ,c4 ,h4 ,read1 ,f4,s4,a41 be=e ! committee appo9t$ to inquire into ! respective rights ( ! ,briti% ,museum & ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy at ,dubl9 to ! possession ( ! ho>d ( gold ornam5ts w be f\nd 9 ! report ( ! inquiry 9 ! ,blue ,book issu$ 9 #ahii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,bead$ ,,torque1 ,,f ,,m[road1 ,,ne> ,,ro*dale1 ,,lanca%ire ,,scale ,,l9e> ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,coll> ,,f ,,wraxhall1 ,,som]set%ire2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,bri/ol ,,museum ,a second coll> ( gold n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy 9 ,dubl91 said to h come f ,clonmacnois1 ,k+'s ,co41 is illu/rat$ 9 ,sir ,w4 ,wilde's ,catalogue ( ,antiquities ( ,gold 9 ,museum ,r4,i4,a41 p4 #dg4 ,x consi/s ( a pla9 holl[ r+ #e in*es 9 diamet] ) an ornam5tal bulb on ea* side1 "o ( :i* seems to be made 9 imitation ( "o ( ! glass beads ( ! p]iod4 ,! ,bri/ol ,museum possesses a p]fect flat-jo9t$ bronze coll>1 ( a diff]5t k9d f any ( ^? j describ$1 f ,wraxhall1#bab ,som]set1 & a portion ( ano!r f ,ll&yssyl1#bac ,c>digan%ire4 ,9 ! ,briti% ,museum !re are two simil> coll>s1 "o f ,tr5[e?1#bad ,cornwall1 & ! o!r f ! ,isle ( ,portl&1#bae ,dorset%ire4 ,! ,ed9burgh ,museum has also an exce$+ly good example f ,/it*ell1#baf ,roxburgh%ire4 ,all ^! coll>s are elaborately ornam5t$ 9 ! ,late-,celtic /yle4 ,! date ( ! coll> f ! ,isle ( ,portl& is approximately fix$ by its hav+ be5 associat$ ) a di% ( ,samian w>e4 ,! exi/5ce ( o!r ,late-,celtic coll>s has be5 record$ at ,m[road1#bag ne> ,ro*dale1 ,lanca%ire2 ,embsay1#bah ne> ,skipton1 ,york%ire2 ,p]deswell1#bai ,worce/]%ire2 ,lo*> ,moss1#bbj ,dumfries%ire2 & ,hynd=d ,crannog1#bba ne> ,lan>k4 ,^! five belong to a special class ( :at are n inaptly call$ 8bead$ torques10 because r m ?an "o-half ! coll> is compos$ ( bronze beads ( two diff]5t %apes1 7"o convex & ! o!r concave7 /rung alt]nately on an iron rod ( squ>e cross-section1 s z to prev5t ! beads f revolv+4 ,! rema9+ & small] segm5t ( ! circle consi/s ( a bronze tube ( rectangul> cross-section1 ornam5t$ on ! ext]ior ) a ,late-,celtic flamboyant design4 ,! ,p]deswell coll> is incomplete1 & ! "p :i* rema9s is =m$ ( tw5ty beads resembl+ v]tebr /rung on to an iron wire or b>1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,lo*> ,moss coll>4 #bab ,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 s]4 #f1 vol4 i41 p4 #hc4 #bac ,ibid4 #bad ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xvi41 p4 #abg4 #bae ,ibid41 vol4 liv41 p4 #dif4 #baf ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,pagan ,times4 #bag ,h4 ,fi%wick's ,hi/ory ( ! ,p>i% ( ,ro*dale1 p4 #e4 #bah ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxxi41 p4 #eag4 #bai ,ibid41 vol4 xxx41 p4 #eed4 #bbj ,d4 ,wilson's ,prehi/oric ,annals ( ,scotl&1 vol4 ii41 p4 #ada1 & ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxxiii41 p4 #cdg4 #bba ,proc4 ,soc4 ,art4 ,scot41 vol4 xxxiii41 p4 #che4 ,illu/ration3 ,bronze ,bead$ ,torque f ,lo*> ,moss1 ,dumfries%ire ,n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,armlet ,,f ,,! ,,culb9 ,,s&s2 ,,n[ ,,at ,,altyre1 ,,ne> ,,=res1 ,n4,b4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,armlet ,,f ,,! ,,culb9 ,,s&s2 ,,n[ ,,at ,,altyre1 ,,ne> ,,=res1 ,n4,b4 ,! la/ class ( p]sonal ornam5ts ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod to be notic$ are ! armlets4 ,! mo/ rem>kable ( ^! are ( ! ,scotti% type1 z x may fairly be call$1 only "o specim5 hav+ be5 f\nd outside ,scotl&4#bbb ,! armlets ( ?is type are v heavy & massive1 & _! g5]al =m appe>s to h be5 sugge/$ by a coil$ s]p5t2 z 9 ! "o f ! ,culb9 ,s&s1 ,nairn%ire1 ! ends ( ! coil t]m9ate 9 actual s]p5ts' heads4 ,! armlets are usually f\nd 9 pairs1 & are highly ornam5t$ ) flamboyant "w1 & 9 "s cases enamell$4 ,al?\gh !y are ( ca/ bronze1 ! /yle ( ! decoration is evid5tly copi$ f ! rep\ss designs ( ! wr\ght metalwork ( ! p]iod4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son has devot$ a consid]able portion ( 8 ,rh9d ,lectures on ,scotl& 9 ,pagan ,times3 ,iron ,age1 to ! exam9ation ( ! ,scotti% gr\p ( armlets1 mo/ ( :i* are 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ! kn[n examples3-- #bbb ,at ,newry1 ,co4 ,d[n4 ,li/ ( ,localities :]e ,armlets ( ! ,scotti% ,type h be5 f\nd4 ,culb9 ,s&s1 ,nairn%ire4 ,bunranno*1 ,p]?%ire4 ,au*5badie1 ,banff%ire4 ,seafield ,t[]1 ,fife%ire4 ,ca/le ,newe1 ,ab]de5%ire4 ,/anhope1 ,peebles%ire4 ,belhelvie1 ,ab]de5%ire4 ,plunton ,ca/le1 ,kirkcudbright%ire4 ,aboyne1 ,ab]de5%ire4 ,pitalp91 ,=f>%ire4 ,locality unkn[n4 ,grange ( ,conan1 ,=f>%ire4 ,newry1 ,co4 ,d[n4 ,pitkelloney1 ,p]?%ire4 ,! armlet f ,/anhope1 ,peebles%ire1 0 associat$ ) a ,romano-,briti% saucepan1 :i* sugge/s t ?is type belongs to ! lat] "p ( ! ,celtic ,pagan ,iron ,age4 ,bronze armlets ( ,la ,tne1 or cont95tal type1 h be5 d]iv$ f ! burial m\nds at ,c[lam & ,arras1 ,york%ire4 ,! bronze armlet f ! ,/am=d ,hill ,cemet]y1 ne> ,plym\?1 is jo9t$ l ! coll>s1 & decorat$ ) flamboyant "w4 ,a pair ( p5annul> r+ armlets ( silv] t]m9at+ 9 s]p5ts' heads1 :i* may possibly be ,late-,celtic1 0 dispos$ ( at ! sale ( ! ,bateman ,collection f ,lomb]dale ,h\se1 ,d]by%ire4 ,!y 7 f\nd at ,ca/le?orpe1#bbc ,buck+ham%ire1 9 #ahbg1 9 a small urn conta9+ ,roman silv] & brass co9s1 none lat] ?an ! reign ( ,v]us 7,a4,d4 #afa-afi71 & a massive silv] r+ set ) a c>nelian engrav$ ) a figure ( ,bonus ,ev5tus4 ,a simil> pair ( base silv] armlets 7 f\nd ne> ! ,c>lsw>k ,cav]n1#bbd 9 ,middleton ,dale1 ,d]by%ire4 ,?ree v elegant armlets ( twi/$ & loop$ bronze wire 7 associat$ ) a ,late-,celtic burial outside ,?ir/ ,h\se ,cave1#bbe ,deepdale1 ,d]by%ire4 ,armlets ( ! same make are illu/rat$ 9 ,lid5s*mit's ,alt]?m]1 7vol4 ii41 pt4 #e1 pl4 #c74 #bbc ,! ,reliqu>y1 vol4 xiii41 pl4 #ah2 & ,j\r42 & ,brit4 ,ar*ol4 ,assoc41 vol4 ii41 p4 #cec4 #bbd ,! ,reliqu>y1 vol4 #ahfg1 p4 #aac4 #bbe ,ibid41 #ahig1 p4 #aja4 ,! ,late-,celtic toilet accessories are ( ?ree k9ds1 namely1 h&-mirrors1 hair-combs1 & *tela9es4 ,! mirrors are ( bronze & circul> 9 %ape1 ) an ornam5tal h&le4 ,! back1 or unpoli%$ face ( ! mirror1 is 9 ne>ly all cases decorat$ ) incis$ circles ( diff]5t sizes1 comb9$ ) curv$ l9es & a peculi> sort ( backgr\nd fill$ 9 ) cross-hat*+4 ,a li/ ( mirrors su* z ^? describ$ is giv5 bel[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,late-,,celtic ,,bronze ,,mirror1 ,,9 ,,! ,,may] ,,museum1 ,,liv]pool2 ,,locality ,,unkn[n ,li/ ( ,localities :]e ,late-,celtic ,mirrors h be5 f\nd4 ,w>d5 7,b$=d ,mus47 ,b$=d%ire4 ,/am=d ,hill1 ne> ,plym\? 7,plym\? ,mus47 ,devon%ire4 ,birdlip 7,gl\ce/] ,mus47 ,gl\ce/]%ire4 ,trelan ,bah[ 7,briti% ,mus47 ,cornwall4 ,balmaclellan 7,ed9burgh ,mus47 ,kirkcudbright%ire4 ,locality unkn[n 7,liv]pool ,mus47 ,unornam5t$ mirrors h be5 f\nd ) burials at ,arras1#bbf ,york%ire1 & ,gilton1#bbg ,k5t4 ,! hair-combs are ( bone1 & w !re=e be describ$ subsequ5tly :5 deal+ ) bonework4 ,! *tela9es ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod are pretty little objects ( bronze1 g5]ally enamell$4 ,at ! top is a loop = susp5sion2 !re is a little rod bel[1 f :i* are hung tweez]s1 picks1 files1 etc4 ,specim5s h be5 discov]$ 9 ! ,?ir/ ,h\se ,cave1#bbh ,deepdale1 ,d]by%ire1 & at ,cant]bury1#bbi & ,crav5 ,arms1#bcj ,%rop%ire4 #bbf ,w4 ,gre5well's ,briti% ,b>r[s1 p4 #ded4 #bbg ,b4 ,faussett's ,inv5torium ,sepul*rale1 p4 #cj4 #bbh ,! ,reliqu>y = #ahig1 p4 #ie4 #bbi ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,lond41 s]4 #b1 vol4 vi41 p4 #cgf4 #bcj ,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 s]4 #e1 vol4 vi41 p4 #ij4 ,! dome/ic ut5sils & cook+ appliances ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod include wood5 tank>ds & buckets ) bronze m\nt+s1 bronze b[ls & saucepans1 & iron fire-dogs4 ,"s ( ! rivet$ caldrons possibly also belong to ?is p]iod1 b z !y _c be di/+ui%$ f ^? ( ! ,bronze ,age x w be unnecess>y to describe !m "h4 ,!re is a v p]fect wood5 tank>d m\nt$ ) bronze 9 ! ,may] ,museum1 ,liv]pool1 f ,trawsfynydd1#bca ,m]ione?%ire1 hav+ a h&le ornam5t$ 9 ! ,late-,celtic /yle ) flamboyant trac]y1 :i* might easily be mi/ak5 = ,go?ic "w ( ! f\rte5? c5tury 7 x n = ! trumpet-%ap$ expansions :i* occur 9 ! details4 ,h&les ( simil> tank>ds h be5 f\nd at ,ayles=d1#bcb ,k5t2 ,elv$51#bcc ,essex2 ,ok/r[1#bcd ,orkney2 & ,c>l+w>k ,lo*1#bce ,kirkcudbright%ire4 ,late-,celtic wood5 buckets ) bronze m\nt+s are ( ! greate/ r>ity1 s mu* s t only two are kn[n to exi/1 "o f ,ayles=d1#bcf ,k5t1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 & ! o!r f ,m>lbor\gh1#bcg ,wilts1 9 ! ,devizes ,museum4 ,!y are bo? decorat$ ) rep\ss designs repres5t+ m51 animals1 etc41 treat$ mu* 9 ! same way z on ! ,anci5t ,briti% & ,gauli% co9s ( ! same p]iod4 ,bronze b[ls h be5 frequ5tly f\nd on ,late-,celtic inhabit$ sites & ) ,late-,celtic burials4 ,a q pla9 b extremely well-made bronze b[l is to be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum side by side ) ! bead$ torque f ,lo*> ,moss1#bch ,dumfries%ire1 :i* accompani$ x4 ,!re is ano!r pla9 b[l 9 ! ,gl\ce/] ,museum :i* 0 associat$ ) ! burial at ,birdlip1#bci ,gl\ce/]%ire1 already describ$4 ,a bronze b[l ornam5t$ ) project+ bosses is among/ ! objects d]iv$ f ! ,gla/onbury#bdj ,m>% ,village2 & a b[l 9 ! ,dubl9 ,museum f ,ke%k]rigan1#bda ,co4 ,leitrim1 has a v *>act]i/ic ,late-,celtic h&le 9 ! =m ( a bea/ made up ( flamboyant curves4 ,a special type ( bronze b[ls ) zomorphic h&les & enamell$ decorations w be dealt ) subsequ5tly4 #bca ,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 s]4 #e1 vol4 xiii41 p4 #bab4 #bcb ,ar*ologia1 vol4 lii41 p4 #dd4 #bcc ,ibid41 vol4 lii41 p4 #de4 #bcd ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,pagan ,times3 ,iron ,age1 p4 #bdb4 #bce ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,scot41 vol4 vii41 p4 #g4 #bcf ,! ,reliqu>y = #ahig1 p4 #ce4 #bcg ,sir ,r4 ,colt ,ho>e's ,anci5t ,wilts4 #bch ,d4 ,wilson's ,prehi/oric ,annals ( ,scotl&1 vol4 i41 p4 #dfe1 pl4 #i4 #bci ,trans4 ( ,bri/ol & ,gl\ce/]%ire ,ar*ol4 ,soc41 vol4 v41 p4 #acg4 #bdj ,proc4 ( ,som]set%ire ,ar*ol4 ,soc41 vol4 xl41 p4 #adi4 #bda ,reliqu>y = #aijj1 p4 #bdg4 ,mo/ ( ! saucepans 9 use dur+ ! ,late-,celtic p]iod 7 ei!r import$ f ,italy & ,gaul or 7 s ne>ly copi$ by local metalwork]s z to be indi/+ui%able f ! orig9als4 ,none ( ^! saucepans1 z f> z ,i am aw>e1 h ,celtic decoration ^u !m1 al?\gh sev]al are inscrib$ ) ,celtic names1 & o!rs are highly enamell$4 ,two specim5s 9 ! ,briti% ,museum are ( exceptional int]e/1 "o ( bronze enamell$ & inscrib$ ) ! "n 8,,bodvog5vs10 f ,prickwill[1#bdb ne> ,ely1 ,cambridge%ire1 & ! o!r ( silv]1 ) a highly ornam5t$ inscrib$ h&le1 :i* 0 f\nd at ,backwor?1#bdc ,nor?umb]l&1 ) ! pair ( ,kelto-,roman fibul previ\sly m5tion$4 ,! m elaborate saucepans 7 probably us$ 9 connection ) religi\s c]emonies & n = cook+1 z is borne out by ! d$icatory inscriptions ^u ! h&les & ! circum/ances "u :i* _m ( !m h be5 f\nd4 ,a li/ has already be5 giv5 ( ! saucepans associat$ ) f9ds ( ,late-,celtic objects4 #bdb ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxviii41 p4 #dcf4 #bdc ,ar*ol4 ,j\r41 vol4 viii41 p4 #ci4 ,! metalwork]s ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod 7 n only capable ( execut+ "s ( ! f9e/ pieces ( rep\ss bronze t ! _w has ev] se51 b !y also excell$ 9 produc+ works ( art 9 wr\ght-iron ( great m]it4 ,z an example ( _! skill 9 ?is direction we h ! rem>kable pair ( fire-dogs f ,capel ,g>mon1 ,d5bigh%ire1#bdd n[ 9 ! possession ( ,colonel ,wynne ,f9* ( ,p5tre ,voelas1 ne> ,bettws-y-co$4 ,! fire-dogs consi/ ( two upright b>s1 ea* surm\nt$ by ! head ( a bea/ ) horns1 & /&+ on an ar*$ foot1 connect$ ne> ! bottom by a horizontal b> on :i* to re/ ! logs ( wood us$ = ! fire4 ,! uprights are ornam5t$ on ea* side ) ?9n] pieces ( iron b5t into undulations & scrolls1 & fix$ to ! uprights at int]vals ) rivets hav+ l>ge r\nd heads4 ,ea* ( ! bea/s' heads has a v curi\s sort ( cre/ ornam5t$ ) a r[ ( circul> holes & r\nd knobs4 ,o!r fire-dogs ( ! same k9d1 made ( pla9 iron b>s1 & ) horn$ bea/s' heads on ! top ( ! uprights 7ea* horn t]m9at+ 9 a r\nd knob71 h be5 f\nd at ,m\nt ,bures1#bde ,essex1 ,hay ,hill1#bdf ne> ,cambridge1 & ,/am=dbury1#bdg ,b$=d%ire1 associat$ ) ,romano-,briti% burials4 ,! only objects ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod :i* may conjecturally h be5 us$ = religi\s purposes are ! little bronze figures ( animals f ,h\nsl[1#bdh ,middlesex1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 #bdd ,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 s]4 #f1 vol4 i41 p4 #dj4 #bde ,c4 ,roa* ,smi?'s ,collectanea ,antiqua1 vol4 ii41 p4 #be4 #bdf ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xix41 p4 #eg4 #bdg ,publications ( ,cambridge ,ant4 ,soc4 = #ahde4 #bdh ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,lond41 s]4 #b1 vol4 iii41 p4 #ij4 ,"u ! head ( musical in/rum5ts come ! bone flutes f ,?or's ,cave1 ,/af=d%ire1 & ! magnific5t bronze trumpet f\nd 9 #agid at ,l\ghna%ade1 ,co4 ,armagh1 & n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy at ,dubl94 ,mo/ ( ! trumpets ( ?is k9d are ( ! ,bronze ,age1 b ! /yle ( ! decoration on ! annul> disc at ! m\? ( ! "o f ,l\ghna%ade %[s cle>ly t x is ( ! ,iron ,age4#bdi #bdi ,sir ,w4 ,wilde's ,catal41 pp4 #fbg & #fca4 ,among/ ! objects ( unkn[n use ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod are c]ta9 s-call$ spoons1 "s peculi> disc-&-hook ornam5ts1 & a few highly ornam5t$ circul> pieces ( rep\ss bronze ) a cup-%ap$ depression ne>ly 9 ! c5tre4 ,illu/ration3 ,late ,celtic ,brone ,spoon f ,brickhill ,lance1 ,london ,illu/ration3 ,late ,celtic ,bronze ,spoon f ,crosby ,rav5swor?1 ,we/morel& ,! spoon-l objects h be5 v fully dealt ) 9 a pap] by ,mr4 ,alb]t ,way 9 ! ,ar*ological ,j\rnal 7vol4 xxvi41 p4 #eb71 & bel[ is giv5 a li/ ( all ! kn[n specim5s4 ,illu/ration3 ,late ,celtic ,spoon4 ,"o ( a pair f ,we/on1 ne> ,ba?4 ,n[ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum4 ,scale #a_/a l9e> ,li/ ( ,localities :]e ,spoon-l ,objects ) ,late-,celtic ,decoration h be5 f\nd4 ,crosby ,rav5swor? 7,briti% ,mus47 ,we/morel&4 ,london1 ,brickhill ,lane 7,briti% ,mus47 ,middlesex4 ,london1 ,?ames 7,briti% ,mus47 ,middlesex4 ,we/on1 ne> ,ba? 7,ed9burgh ,mus47 ,som]set%ire4 ,llanfair 7,ed9burgh ,mus47 ,d5bigh%ire4 ,p5bryn 7,a%molean ,mus47 ,c>digan%ire4 ,locality unkn[n 7,liv]pool ,mus47 ,irel&4 ,locality unkn[n 7,dubl9 ,mus47 ,irel&4 ,walm] ,k5t4 ,! body ( ^! objects is %ap$ l a v %all[ spoon ) a po9t$ end1 & ! h&le 7if su* x may be call$7 is circul> or ne>ly circul>1 9 _m cases ) two little r\nd e>s or projections at ea* side4 ,! s-call$ spoons are g5]ally f\nd 9 pairs1 "o spoon hav+ a cruci=m design 9 ! middle ( ! b[l2 :il/ its fell[ has a small hole bor$ ?r\gh ! edge ( ! b[l4 ,! h&les ( ! spoons are always ornam5t$1 sometimes on ! front only1 b m commonly on ! back z well4 ,!re are specim5s ( ! o!r ,late-,celtic objects ( unkn[n use--namely1 ! hook-&-disc ornam5ts#bej & ! circul> pieces ( rep\ss metalwork ) a cup-%ap$ depression--9 ! ,briti% ,museum#bea & ! ,dubl9 ,museum4#beb #bej ,! ,reliqu>y = #aija1 p4 #ef4 #bea ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,scot41 vol4 xix41 p4 #bed4 #beb ,sir ,w4 ,wylde's ,catal4 ,mus4 ,r4,i4,a41 p4 #fcg4 ,no satisfactory explanation has be5 giv5 ( ! use ( c]ta9 :eel & triskele p5dants ( :i* examples h be5 f\nd 9 ,b]k%ire1 ,k+%olm1 ne> ,gl\ce/]1 ,hunsbury1 ,n4 ,hants1 ,seamill ,=t1 ,ayr%ire1 & ,treceiri1 ,c>n>von%ire4 ,,pott]y ,,& ,,glass ,! pott]y ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod diff]s f t ( ! ,bronze ,age 9 be+ turn$ on a :eel in/ead ( be+ h&made4 ,! fir+ is also bett] done1 & ! quality ( ! w>e sup]ior 9 e way4 ,s9ce ! discov]y ( ! ,ayles=d cemet]y 9 ,k5t1 9 #ahhf1 x has be5 possible to diff]5tiate ,late-,celtic pott]y f ,romano-,briti% by ! peculi> =ms ( ! vases4 ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,evans has dealt ) ?is subject pretty exhau/ively 9 8 pap] 9 ! ,ar*ologia 7vol4 lii41 p4 #cae74 ,! mo/ *>act]i/ic ( ! ,ayles=d urns is tall1 ) a n>r[ base & wide m\?4 ,! base is 9 ! %ape ( a l[ truncat$ cone1 ! top ( :i* is ! n>r[e/ "p ( ! vase1 & f ?is po9t x gradually gets wid] until ! top rim is ne>ly rea*$1 :5 x contracts aga9 slightly4 ,! curve ?us produc$ is ( su* extreme elegance z to at once sugge/ a classical orig94 ,! ext]ior surface ( "s ( ^! pots is pla91 b 9 _m cases x is divid$ into b&s by horizontal project+ bead m\ld+s4 ,dr4 ,a4 ,evans does n f9d mu* difficulty 9 %[+ t ! peculi>ities ( =m c be directly trac$ to ! metal situl f :i* ! vases 7 copi$4 ,) reg>d to ?is1 he says3-- ,illu/ration3 ,,late-,,celtic ,,pott]y ,,f ,,hunsbury2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,nor?ampton ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,late-,,celtic ,,pott]y ,,f ,,hunsbury2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,nor?ampton ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,late ,celtic urns f ,%oebury1 ,essex ,n[ 9 ! ,col*e/] ,museum 8,9 mo/ cases ^! 7i4e4 ! ,ayles=d7 vases1 :i* = elegance ( =m may almo/ vie ) ! c]amic products ( ,italy or ,greece1 are divid$ into zones by ! small rais$ ridges or cordons describ$ above1 ! zones !mselves be+1 9 turn1 decorat$ ) f9ely incis$ l9e> /riations4 ,?is type ( vase1 beautiful z x is 9 itself1 is /ill m int]e/+ f ! comp>isons to :i* x inevitably leads u4 ,no "o famili> ) ! c]amic =ms ( an important gr\p ( ,nor?-,italian cemet]ies1 belong+1 = ! mo/ "p1 to ! f\r? or fif? c5turies be=e our era1 & ( :i* ! :ole s]ies ( objects s admirably excavat$ & arrang$ by ,pr(essor ,prosdocimi at ,e/e#bec =ms ! mo/ spl5did illu/ration1 c fail to be /ruck ) ! manifold po9ts ( resemblance pres5t$ by ! urns be=e u ) ! mo/ *>act]i/ic ( ! vase-types !re repres5t$4 ,! cont\r ( ! type ref]r$ to1 ) its %\ld]s sometimes angul>1 sometimes abruptly r\nd$ (f1 its inv]t$ conical body divid$ into v]tical zones by rais$ cordons1 & tap]+ (f to a p$e/al bel[1 c only be describ$ z id5tical ) t ( "s ( ! f9e/ ( ! ,ayles=d specim5s4 ,! only p]ceptible diff]5ce is t1 :]eas ! ,briti% urns are almo/ uni=mly cov]$ ) a black or br[n coat+--! col\r+ matt] may h be5 suppli$ by p\nd$ *>coal--zones ( ! ,euganean c9]>ies are col\r$ alt]nately ) b&s ( graphite & r$ o*re4 ,"s ( ! e>li] ( ! ,e/e vases are1 h[ev]1 ( pla9 d>k br[n buc*]o1 & o!rs1 aga91 ( lat] date1 ( an uni=m r$ or grey4 ,^! ,nor?-,italian p>allels h a /ill fur!r value1 inasmu* z !y ?r[ ! cle>e/ possible light on ! actual g5esis ( ?is type4 ,! cordon$ vases ( ,e/e are1 9 fact1 no?+ m ?an copies 9 clay ( c]ta9 =ms ( bronze situl2 ! commone/ =m ( ^!1 :i* is di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! :ole ( ! geographical area :]e ^! vases are discov]$1 is zon$ 9 ! same way z ! pots1 ! zones answ]+ to an univ]sal me?od ( e>ly metal indu/ry1 9 accordance ) :i* vessels 7 built up ( b&s ( ?9 metal rivet$ toge!r at ! edges1 ea* zone be+ (t51 9 turn1 def9$ by cordons or beads ( metal4 ,^! cordons !mselves 9 _! m prom95t =m repres5t ! wood5 r+s t surr\nd$ & kept toge!r ! framework ( wood5 /aves1 to :i* 9 e>ly times ! metal plates !mselves 7 rivet$40 #bec ,notizie degli ,scavi1 etc41 #ahhb1 pp4 #e-cg4 ,besides ! p$e/all$ vases f ,ayles=d1#bed made 9 imitation ( ! cordon$ situl ( bronze f ! ,nor?-,italian region1 !re are o!rs1 p]haps d]iv$ f !m1 ) elegantly =m$ bases4 ,!re are also vases )\t p$e/als1 & hav+ some:at globul> bodies z well z b[l-%ap$ & sauc]-%ap$ pots4 ,mo/ ( ^! are n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 #bed ,a f9e example ( ?is type f ,s&y1 ,b$s1 is illu/rat$ 9 ,t4 ,fi%]'s ,b$=d%ire4 ,! foll[+ li/ gives ! f9ds ( pott]y ( a simil> k9d3-- ,li/ ( ,localities :]e ,f9ds ( ,late-,celtic ,pott]y ( ! ,ayles=d ,type h be5 made4 ,kit's ,coty ,h\se 7,maid/one ,mus47 ,k5t4 ,all+ton 7,maid/one ,mus47 ,k5t4 ,nor?fleet ,k5t4 ,elv$5 ,essex4 ,%oebury ,essex4 ,bra9tree ,essex4 ,locality unkn[n 7,cambridge ,mus47 ,hit*9 ,h]ts4 ,a/on ,cl9ton 7,aylesbury ,mus47 ,bucks4 ,ab+don 7,a%molean ,mus47 ,b]ks4 ,:ite*ur* 7,dor*e/] ,mus47 ,dorset4 ,weym\? 7,briti% ,mus47 ,dorset4 ,illu/ration3 ,,late-,,celtic ,,pott]y ,,f ,,y>nton1 ,,ox=d%ire2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,scale ,,l9e> ,illu/ration3 ,,late-,,celtic ,,pott]y ,,f ,,k5t',s ,,cav]n1 ,,ne> ,,torquay1 ,,devon%ire2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,scale ,,l9e> ,ano!r class ( pott]y is recognis$ to belong to ! ,late-,celtic p]iod1 n s mu* by ! =ms ( ! vases 7because mo/ ( !m are 9 a v fragm5t>y condition7 z by ! patt]ns ^u !m1 :i* consi/ ( incis$ curv$ l9es1 circles1 dots1 & diff]5t k9ds ( cross-hat*+ & %ad+4 ,a li/ ( ! f9ds is giv5 bel[4 ,li/ ( ,localities :]e ,f9ds ( ,late-,celtic ,pott]y1 ornam5t$ ) ,incis$ ,l9es1 ,circles1 ,dots1 & ,%ad+1 h be5 made4 ,hunsbury 7,nor?ampton ,mus47 ,nor?ampton%ire4 ,m\nt ,caburn 7,pitt-,riv]s ,coll47 ,sussex4 7,briti% ,mus47 ,brighton 7,brighton ,mus47 ,sussex4 ,highfield ,pits1 ne> ,salisbury 7,blackmore ,mus41 ,salisbury7 ,wilt%ire4 ,k5t's ,cav]n1 ,torquay 7,briti% ,mus47 ,devon%ire4 ,gla/onbury ,m>% ,village 7,gla/onbury ,mus47 ,som]set%ire4 ,k+%olm 7,a%molean ,mus47 ,gl\ce/]%ire4 ,y>nton 7,briti% ,mus47 ,ox=d%ire4 ,^? :o wi% to comp>e ! ,late-,celtic pott]y ( ,brita9 ) ,gauli% pott]y ( ! same "* may1 ) advantage1 consult ! ,dictionnaire ,ar*ologique de la ,gaule1 & ,paul du ,*atelli]'s ,la ,pot]ie aux poques prhi/oriques et gauloise en ,armorique4 ,z f> z ! available evid5ce goes1 glass does n seem to h be5 us$ = any o!r purpose by ! ,late-,celtic p except ! manufacture ( p]sonal ornam5ts1 ! mo/ important ( :i* 7 beads = necklaces4 ,"s ( ! beads f ,irel& & ,scotl&1 specim5s ( :i* may be se5 9 ! museums at ,dubl9 & ,ed9burgh1 are mo/ arti/ically fa%ion$ f twi/$ rods ( glass ( v>iegat$ col\r b5t into peculi> %apes4 ,!y h be5 obta9$ f ! ,iri% crannogs at ,lagore1 ,co4 ,mea?1 & ,l\gh ,ravel4 ,a bracelet ( gre5 glass1 ) a cable-l ornam5t 9 :ite & blue /r&s surr\nd+ its out] surface1 0 f\nd a few ye>s ago 9 ! crannog at ,hynd=d1 ,co4 ,lan>k4 ,,woodwork1 ,,bonework1 ,,& ,,! ,,kimm]idge ,,%ale ,,indu/ry ,ow+ to ! p]i%able nature ( ! mat]ial v few examples ( c>v$ woodwork ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod are n[ 9 exi/5ce4 ,^? :i* we d possess h be5 d]iv$ f ! ,gla/onbury ,m>% ,village & f ! crannog at ,lo*lee1 ,ayr%ire4 ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,bulleid1 ,f4,s4,a41 has illu/rat$ ?ree specim5s 9 an article on 8,"s ,decorat$ ,woodwork f ! ,gla/onbury ,lake ,village0 9 ! ,antiqu>y = ,april1 #ahie1 p4 #aji4 ,no4 #a 0 dug up f ! peat at a dep? ( #f feet #f in*es bel[ ! surface1 ne> ! s\?-ea/ edge ( ! village4 ,x is a rectangul> piece ( wood dress$ smoo? all ov]1 #a foot #g in*es long by #c in*es wide by in* ?ick1 decorat$ on "o side ) a /ep-patt]n %ad$ aft] ! fa%ion ( *equ]work1 ) a cross-hat*+ ( diagonal l9es4 ,no4 #b is ! /ave ( a small bucket1 :i*1 :5 complete1 mu/ h be5 #g in*es high by #e in*es 9 diamet]1 decorat$ ) a loz5ge patt]n %ad$ ) p>allel /raight l9es4 ,no4 #c is a portion ( a tub #f in*es high by #a foot 9 diamet]1 cut out ( a solid piece ( a%1 & hav+ its ext]ior surface decorat$ ) fl[+ l9es ( extreme beauty1 resembl+ scrolls ( foliage conv]t$ into geometrical ornam5t by successive copy+4 ,:]e ! fl[+ l9es div]ge1 ! trumpet-%ap$ expansions are %ad$ ) diagonal cross-hat*+ & dots4 ,!re is a good model ( ?is tub 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! designs on ! woodwork f ,gla/onbury are produc$ by incis+ ! surface ) "s f9e %>p-po9t$ tool1 & aft]w>ds burnt 9 by pass+ a heat$ piece ( metal along ! incisions4 ,! specim5 f ! ,lo*lee crannog1 :i* is illu/rat$ 9 ,dr4 ,r4 ,munro's ,anci5t ,scotti% ,lake-,dwell+s 7p4 #acd71 is a piece ( a% #e in*es squ>e1 ornam5t$ on "o side ) a triple spiral1 & on ! o!r ) ,late-,celtic flamboyant "w4 ,a wood5 b[l ) a c>v$ h&le1 f\nd 9 a bog ne> ,ra?conra?1 ,co4 ,we/mea?1 & n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy 9 ,dubl91 may possibly belong to ! same category4 ,among/ ! objects ( bone belong+ to ! ,late-,celtic p]iod ! mo/ rem>kable are ! spatul1 or flakes1 ( :i* no less ?an #e1jjj are said to h be5 d]iv$ f cairn ,h ( ! ,slieve-na-,caillighe s]ies1 ne> ,oldca/le1 ,co4 ,mea?4 ,^! *amb]$ cairns 7 9 ! fir/ in/ance erect$ z burial-places at ! end ( ! ,neoli?ic ,age or ! beg9n+ ( ! ,bronze ,age1 & ! "o m>k$ ,h on ! plan giv5 9 ! ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,scot4 7vol4 xxvi41 p4 #bid7 appe>s to h be5 us$ z a work%op by an artific] 9 bone dur+ ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age4 ,n9ety-"o ( ! bone spatul f ! cairn 9 "q 7 engrav$ by compass1 ) circles1 curves1 & ornam5tal punctur+s1 & twelve 7 decorat$ on bo? sides4 ,un=tunately ! :ole ( ! bones h be5 lo/1 & we only "k :at !y 7 l f ! illu/rations 9 ,e4 ,conwell's ,tomb ( ,ollamh ,fodhla 7p4 #ec74 ,a fragm5t ( "o ( ^! bones :i* _h be5 ov]look$ by ! previ\s explor]s ( ! cairn has rec5tly be5 br\ght to light by ,mr4 ,e4 ,cr(ton ,ro!ram4#bee ,p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ feature connect$ ) ! bones f ,slieve-na-,caillighe is ! discov]y ) !m ( ! pair ( iron compasses us$ 9 produc+ ! incis$ designs ^u !m4 #bee ,j\rn4 ,r4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,irel&1 s]4 #e1 vol4 vi41 p4 #beg4 ,besides ! bones j describ$1 ! o!r pr9cipal objects ( ! same mat]ial belong+ to ! ,late-,celtic p]iod are c]ta9 toilet-combs & spoon-%ap$ fibul1 or dress-fa/5]s4 ,bone combs ) ,late-,celtic ornam5t h be5 f\nd on ! inhabit$ site at ,ghegan ,rock1 ne> ,seacliff1 ,hadd+ton%ire1 & 9 ! crannogs at ,lagore1#bef ,co4 ,mea?1 ,ball9d]ry1#beg ,co4 ,we/mea?2 & at ,longbank crannog on ! ,clyde1 ne> ,glasg[4 ,spoon-%ap$ fibul ( bone h be5 d]iv$ f ! ,victoria ,cave1 ,settle1 ! ,kelko ,cave1 ,giggleswick1 & ,d[k]bottom ,cave1 ,arncliffe1 ,york%ire4 ,! ornam5t ^u !m consi/s ( conc5tric circles & dots4#beh ,9 addition to wood & bone1 ! ,late-,celtic p us$ ,kimm]idge %ale = ! manufacture ( objects1 *iefly turn$ vases ) cordons1 l ! ,ayles=d pots previ\sly describ$4 ,vessels ( ?is k9d h be5 f\nd at ,old ,w>d51#bei ,b$=d%ire1 ,great ,*e/]=d#bfj & ,col*e/]1#bfa ,essex1 & ,corfe ,ca/le1#bfb ,dorset4 #bef ,sir ,w4 ,wilde's ,catal4 ,mus4 ,r4,i4,a41 p4 #bga1 fig4 #agf4 #beg ,ibid41 p4 #bga1 fig4 #agg4 #beh ,pr(4 ,w4 ,boyd ,dawk9s' ,cave-,hunt+1 pp4 #ia & #aca4 #bei 8,on ! ,mat]ials ( ,two ,sepul*ral ,vessels f\nd at ,w>d51 ,co4 ,b$s01 by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,s4 ,h5sl[ 7,cambridge ,ant4 ,soc4 ,publ41 #ahdf74 #bfj ,ar*ol4 ,j\r41 vol4 xiv41 p4 #he4 #bfa ,h5sl[1 loc4 cit41 p4 #hg4 #bfb ,ar*ol4 ,j\r41 vol4 xxv41 p4 #cja4 ,,/onework ,only ?ree sculptur$ monum5ts decorat$ ) ,late-,celtic patt]ns are kn[n to exi/ at pres5t4#bfc ,!y are all 9 ,irel& & are fully describ$ by ,mr4 ,g4 ,c(fey 9 ! ,proce$+s ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy 7vol4 xxiv41 sect4 c1 p4 #beg74 #bfc ,at ,mullaghma/1 ,co4 ,kild>e2 ,ca/le ,/range1 ,co4 ,roscommon2 & ,turoe1 ,co4 ,galway4 ,illu/ration3 ,,granite ,,monoli?1 ,,) ,,late-,,celtic ,,sculpture1 ,,at ,,turoe1 ,,co4 ,,galway4 ,,height ,,( ,,/one1 #d ,,ft4 ,reproduc$ f a photograph by ,mr4 ,a4 ,mc,googan illu/rat+ ,mr4 ,george ,c(fey's pap] 9 ! 8,proce$+s ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy0 ,,*apt] ,v ,,pagan ,,celtic ,,art ,,9 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,iron ,,age ,,te*nical ,,processes ,,employ$ ,,dur+ ,,! ,,e>ly ,,iron ,,age ,,9 ,,brita9 ,! fact mu/ nev] be lo/ sight ( t ! picture pres5t$ to our m9d ( any p>ticul> prehi/oric /age ( culture mu/ necess>ily be extremely imp]fect1 s9ce ! ext5t ( our k is limit$ entirely by ! numb] ( relics :i* specially fav\rable circum/ances h pres]v$ f de/ruction4 ,( ! textile fabrics ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod1 = in/ance1 h>dly any?+ is kn[n1 al?\gh we are c]ta9 t sp9n+ & weav+ mu/ h be5 ext5sively practis$ f ! quantities ( long-h&l$ weav+-combs1 sp9dle-:orls1 & loom-weights t h be5 f\nd on almo/ e inhabit$ site4 ,a p :o %[$ su* a high capacity = decorative design c\ld n h fail$ to produce good arti/ic effects by means ( patt]n-weav+4#bfd ,:at su* textile patt]ns may h be5 c only be guess$ at by survivals 7l ! ,scotti% t>tans7 or by ornam5t ( a textile "* occurr+ on objects made ( less p]i%able mat]ials 7l ! /ep-patt]n on a piece ( wood f ! ,gla/onbury ,m>% ,village74 #bfd 8,! clo? 0 cov]$ ) an inf9ite numb] ( little squ>es & l9es z if x _h be5 spr9kl$ ) fl[]s1 or 0 /rip$ ) cross+ b>s :i* =m$ a *equ]$ design4 ,_! fav\rite col\r 0 r$ or a pretty crimson40 ,c4 ,elton's ,orig9s ( ,engli% ,hi/ory1 p4 #aad1 quot+ ,pl9y & ,diodorus ,siculus4 ,! ,celts _h already become exp]t work]s 9 metal be=e ! close ( ! ,bronze ,age2 !y c\ld make beautiful holl[ ca/+s = ! *apes ( _! sword-%ea?s2 !y c\ld beat out bronze into ?9 plates & rivet !m toge!r suffici5tly well to =m wat]-tight caldrons2 !y c\ld ornam5t _! circul> bronze %ields & gold5 diadems ) rep\ss patt]ns1 consi/+ ( corrugations & r[s ( rais$ bosses2 & !y 7 n unacqua9t$ ) ! art ( engrav+ on metal4 ,! ,celt ( ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age atta9$ to a /ill high] pr(ici5cy 9 metallurgy ?an 8 pr$ecessor ( ! ,bronze ,age4 ,ca/+ 9 bronze 0 appli$ to a mu* l>g] numb] ( objects ?an be=e1 su* z-- ,h&les ( swords & dagg]s4 ,*apes ( sword & dagg]-%ea?s4 ,bridle-bits4 ,h>ness-m\nt+s & r+s4 ,*>iot fitt+s4 ,coll>s & armlets4 ,h&les ( tank>ds & mirrors4 ,spoon-l objects ( unkn[n use4 ,wr\ght-bronze 0 us$ =-- ,sword & dagg]-%ea?s4 ,%ields & helmets4 ,m\nt+s ( wood5 buckets & tank>ds4 ,caldrons & buckets4 ,circul> discs ( unkn[n use4 ,! ornam5tal features ( ! objects ( ca/ bronze 7 produc$ *iefly dur+ ! process ( m\ld+1 al?\gh ! surface 0 9 _m cases fur!r beautifi$ aft]w>ds by *as+1 engrav+1 & enamell+4 ,illu/ration3 ,late-,celtic ,bronze ,mirror f ,trelan ,bah[1 ,cornwall ,n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum ,objects ( wr\ght-bronze 7 usually decorat$ by means ( rep\ss "w1 i4e4 designs 9 relief hamm]$ up f ! back4 ,occasionally enamel 0 add$ 7z1 = example1 on ! %ield f ! ,?ames1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum71 9 ! =m ( small plaques fix$ on ) rivets4 ,9 place ( ! m or less crude corrugations & r[s ( rais$ pellets ( ! ,bronze ,age we get ! mo/ m>vell\s curv$ surfaces & con*oids1 execut$ ) an un]r+ eye & a skill :i* x w\ld be difficult to surpass4 ,! rep\ss "w ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod is se5 9 its greate/ p]fection on ! circul> discs ( unkn[n use#bfe 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy 9 ,dubl91 & ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,bo? ca/ & wr\ght objects ( bronze 7 decorat$ ) patt]ns compos$ ( f9ely engrav$ l9es %ad$ 9 places ) a peculi> k9d ( cross-hat*+ or ) dots4 ,! mirror-backs1#bff ! sword-%ea?s1#bfg & ! h>ness-r+s#bfh af=d good examples ( ?is class ( "w4 #bfe ,see p4 #aba4 #bff ,see li/ on p4 #aae4 #bfg ,see li/ on p4 #ia2 especially ! "o f ,lisnacrogh]a4 #bfh ,see li/ on p4 #id2 especially ^? f ,pold5 ,hill1 ,som]set4 ,illu/ration3 ,upp] "p ( ,bronze ,sword-%ea? f ,hunsbury ,n[ 9 ! ,nor?ampton ,museum ,braz+ & sold]+ appe> to h be5 unkn[n to ! metalwork]s ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod1 z !y piec$ _! metalwork toge!r by means ( rivets4 ,! practice ( rivet+ 0 le>nt f ! artific]s :o con/ruct$ ! caldrons ( ! late ,bronze ,age already ref]r$ to1 & !y1 no d\bt1 9 _! turn1 acquir$ _! k f a =eign s\rce4 ,! bronze helmet f ! ,?ames at ,wat]loo ,bridge1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 illu/rates ! rivet+ ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod at its be/4 ,! rivets g5]ally h po9t$ conical heads1 produc+ a good decorative effect4 ,! way 9 :i* ! diff]5t pieces ( metal are held toge!r is (t5 +5i\sly disguis$ by mak+ ! rivet-heads =m "p ( ! ornam5t1 or by conceal+ ! head beh9d a circul> disc ( enamel4 ,! evid5ce ( bo? hi/ory & ar*ology t5ds to %[ t ! art ( enamell+ on metal 01 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 a ,briti% "o4 ,! hi/orical evid5ce is conf9$ to an (t-quot$ passage f ! ,icones ( ,philo/ratus 7a ,greek sophi/ 9 ! c\rt ( ,julia ,domna1 wife ( ! ,emp]or ,sev]us71 :i* is z foll[s3-- 8,!y say t ! b>b>ians :o live 9 ! ocean p\r ^! col\rs on heat$ brass1 & t !y adh]e1 become h>d z /one1 & pres]ve ! designs t are made ^u !m40 ,philo/ratus wrote ?is at ! beg9n+ ( ! ?ird c5tury ,a4,d42 & by 8! b>b>ians :o live 9 ! ocean0 7 7 he no d\bt meant ! ,britons r ?an ! ,gauls1 z "s ,fr5* writ]s h assum$4#bfi #bfi ,a4 ,w4 ,franks 9 ,kemble's ,hor ,f]ales1 p4 #ahf4 ,! e>lie/ enamels are ^? :i* occur on objects decorat$ 9 ! pure ,late-,celtic /yle )\t any trace ( ,roman influ5ce1 su* z-- ,bridle-bits f ,rise1 ne> ,hull1 ,york%ire2 & ,birr5sw>k1 ,dumfries%ire4 ,h>ness-r+s & m\nt+s f-- ,norton ,suffolk4 ,we/hall ,suffolk4 ,alfri/on ,sussex4 ,pold5 ,hill ,som]set%ire4 ,london ,middlesex4 ,saham ,toney ,norfolk4 ,uffizi ,museum ,flor5ce4 ,briti% ,museum ,locality unkn[n4 ,armlets f ,ca/le ,newe1 ,ab]de5%ire2 & ,pitkelloney1 ,p]?%ire4 ,h&les ( b[l f ,b>la/on1 ,/af=d%ire4 ,next1 9 ord] ( age1 come objects :i* f _! g5]al =m or f ! associations !y 7 f\nd 9 are kn[n to belong to ! ,romano-,briti% p]iod1 b yet h ,late-,celtic decoration ^u !m1 su* z-- ,h>p-%ap$ fibul f ,ris+ham1 ,nor?umb]l&1 ,riv] ,tyne1 9 ! ,newca/le ,museum4 ,s-%ap$ fibul f ,norton1 ,york%ire1 & o!r places 7see li/ on p4 #ajg74 ,seal-box f ,l9coln1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,f\r-legg$ /&1 ) r\nd hole 9 ! top1 f ,sil*e/]1 9 ! ,read+ ,museum4 ,la/ly1 !re are survivals ( ! use ( discs ( ,late-,celtic enamel 9 ! decoration ( b[ls ( e>ly ,saxon1 & !re=e po/-,roman1 age1 ! foll[+ examples ( :i* h be5 f\nd3-- ,li/ ( ,localities :]e ,b[ls ( ! ,saxon ,p]iod1 b ) ,late-,celtic enamell$ decoration1 h be5 f\nd4 ,cro/hwaite 7,briti% ,mus47 ,cumb]l&4 ,middleton ,moor 7,%effield ,mus47 ,d]by%ire4 ,ov]-,haddon ,d]by%ire4 ,b5ty ,grange ,d]by%ire4 ,*e/]ton 7,w>wick ,mus47 ,w>wick%ire4 ,cai/or 7n[ lo/7 ,l9coln%ire4 ,ox=d 7,pitt-,riv]s ,collection7 ,ox=d%ire4 ,ne$ham ,m>ket 7n[ lo/7 ,suffolk4 ,b>r+ton 7,sir ,john ,evans' ,collection7 ,cambridge%ire4 ,lull+/one 7,sir ,w4 ,h>t ,dyke's ,collection7 ,k5t4 ,gre5wi* 7,mr4 ,j4 ,br5t's ,collection7 ,k5t4 ,k+/on ,d[n ,k5t4 ,! hamm]-head$ p9s1 a li/ ( :i* has already be5 giv5 on page #ajh1 are also in/ances ( ! use ( ,celtic enamel 9 po/-,roman times4 99 99 99 99 99 ,be=e go+ fur!r x may be z well to say a few words ab\t ! art ( enamell+ 9 g5]al1 s z to %[ ! position occupi$ by ! ,late-,celtic examples4 ,! t]m enamel is us$ to designate a p>ticul> k9d ( mixture or pa/e :i* c be appli$ to ! surface ( metals or o!r mat]ials1 s t :5 x has be5 vitrifi$ by ! application ( heat1 & aft]w>ds cool$1 x =ms a decoration ( great beauty & durability4 ,! base ( all enamels is a flux compos$ ( silica 79 ! %ape ( silv] s& or p[d]$ fl9t71 r$ lead1 & pota%4 ,to ?is flux are add$ c]ta9 metallic oxides to produce diff]5t col\rs1 &1 if necess>y1 oxide ( t9 to r5d] x opaque4 ,! mat]ials are mix$ toge!r1 fus$ 9 a crucible1 r$uc$ to a f9e p[d] :5 cold1 made into a pa/e ) wat]1 & !n appli$ to ! surface ( metal to be decorat$4 ,aft] vitrifaction 9 a furnace & poli%+1 ! enamel is complete4 ,mr4 ,a4 ,w4 ,franks#bgj divides enamels into ! foll[+ classes3-- #bgj ,aft]w>ds ,sir ,wolla/on ,franks2 see ,glass & ,enamel1 by ,j4 ,b4 ,w>+ & ,a4 ,w4 ,franks4 7#a7 ,inlaid ,enamel1 :]e ! outl9es are =m$ by metal divisions4 7#b7 ,transp>5t ,enamel1 :]e ! outl9es & all ! m>k+s are produc$ by v>iations ( dep? 9 ! sculptur$ gr\nd ov] :i* ! vitre\s mat]ial is float$4 7#c7 ,pa9t$ ,enamel1 :]e ! outl9es are made by a diff]5ce 9 ! t9t ( ! enamel itself1 :i* completely conceals ! metal base b5ea?4 ,! divisions betwe5 ea* ( ! col\rs 9 inlaid enamel are produc$ 9 two diff]5t ways1 namely3-- 7a7 ,*amplev ,enamel1 :]e ! field 7*amp7 or area to be occupi$ by ea* col\r is dug out & remov$ 7lev71 s z to leave a v n>r[ b& ( metal at ! level ( ! orig9al surface to =m ! divid+ l9e betwe5 ! fields4 7b7 ,cloisonn ,enamel1 :]e ! divisions or p>titions 7cloison7 betwe5 ! fields consi/ ( ?9 /rips ( metal b5t into ! requir$ %ape & fix$ to ! surface to be enamell$4 ,all ! enamels ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod belong to ! *amplev k9d4 ,! col\rs us$ are bright r$1 yell[ & blue1 & ! designs are m (t5 curvil9e> ?an n1 l ^? on ! rep\ss metalwork4 ,! patt]ns 7 probably trac$ on ! surface ( ! metal to be decorat$ ) a f9ely po9t$ in/rum5t1 & ! holl[s to receive ! enamel dug out ) a scoop+ tool1 9 ! case ( small "w1 or ) a long ?9 *isel & a *as]'s hamm] :]e ! "w 0 l>g]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,cruci=m ,,h>ness-,,m\nt+ ,,( ,,bronze ,,enamell$4 ,,locality ,,unkn[n2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,scale #a_/a ,,l9e> ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,enamell$ ,,h>ness-,,m\nt+ ,,f ,,pold5 ,,hill1 ,,som]set%ire2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,scale ,,l9e> ,! late ,sir ,wolla/on ,franks1 ?an :om no bett] au?ority c be quot$1 always ma9ta9$ ! ,celtic orig9 ( ! art ( enamell+ 9 ,we/]n ,europe1 & gave ! di/9ctive "n ( opus ,britannicum to ! special k9d ( enamel :i* 0 produc$ 9 great] p]fection by ! ,celts inhabit+ ! ,briti% ,isles ?an by any o!r p4 ,! art ( enamell+ 9 ! purely ,celtic /yle comm5c$ be=e ! arrival ( ! ,romans 9 ?is c\ntry1 & aft] cont9u+ ?r\gh\t ! :ole p]iod ( _! occupation1 surviv$ = "s c5turies aft] _! dep>ture f our %ores4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 num]\s enamels :i*1 ?\gh v possibly ( ,celtic workman%ip1 are altoge!r ,roman z f> z ! ornam5tal patt]ns ^u !m are conc]n$4 ,dr4 ,joseph ,&]son has describ$ an exquisitely enamell$ pat]a ( ?is k9d f\nd 9 ,l9li?g[%ire1 & n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ,antiquities ( ,ed9burgh4 ,he says ( x3--#bga #bga 8,notice ( an enamell$ cup or pat]a ( bronze f\nd 9 ,l9li?g[%ire1 rec5tly pur*as$ = ! ,museum10 9 ! ,proc4 ,ant4 ,scot41 vol4 xix41 p4 #de4 8,ap>t f ! s+ul> beauty ( its decoration x is possess$ ( ?is special int]e/1 t x is ! only vessel ( its k9d & "* kn[n to exi/ 9 ,scotl&4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 "o ( a class ( objects1 :i*1 ?\gh few 9 numb]1 are pretty widely di/ribut$ ov] ! area1 :i* may be t]m$ ! outskirts ( ! ,roman ,empire1 t[>ds ! nor? & we/--t is ,brita91 ,nor? ,g]many1 & ,sc&9avia4 ,we look 9 va9 = any?+ l x )9 ! area ( ! ,roman ,empire prop]1 & x may !re=e be reg>d$ z a product ( a culture ( "s portion ( ! area ( nor?-we/]n ,europe1 :]e x 0 t\*$ & modifi$ by ! ,roman culture40 ,o!r simil> examples ( enamell$ vessels h be5 f\nd at ,braugh+1#bgb ne> ,/&on1 ,h]ts2 ! ,b>tl[ ,hills1#bgc ,essex2 ,maltbeck1#bgd ,d5m>k2 & ,pyrmont1#bge 9 ! ,rh9e valley4 ,9 addition to ^! we h two o!r enamell$ vessels1 b diff]+ 9 _! /yle ( ornam5t1 "o f ,rudge1#bgf ,wilts1 n[ 9 ! ,duke ( ,nor?umb]l&'s private museum at ,alnwick ,ca/le1 & ! o!r f ,prickwill[1#bgg ,cambridge%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 #bgb ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,lond41 #bnd s]41 vol4 iv41 p4 #ead4 #bgc ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxvi41 p4 #cjj4 #bgd ,mm4 de la ,soc4 ,royale des ,antiquaires du ,nord1 #ahff-ga1 p4 #aea4 #bge ,jahrb*] des ,v]e9s von ,alt]?umsfreund5 9 ,rhe9l&e1 heft #ch1 p4 #dg4 #bgf ,catal4 ( ,mus4 ( ,r4 ,ar*ol4 ,in/4 at ,ed9burgh1 #ahef4 #bgg ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxviii41 p4 #dcf4 ,( ! art ( enamell+ z c>ri$ on else:]e ?an 9 ,brita9 ,dr4 ,&]son says3--#bgh #bgh ,loc4 cit41 p4 #di4 8,! ,gauls z well z ! ,britons--( ! same ,celtic /ock--practis$ enamel-work+ be=e ! ,roman conque/4 ,! enamel work%ops ( ,bibracte1 ) _! furnaces1 crucibles1 m\lds1 poli%+-/ones1 & ) ! crude enamels 9 _! v>i\s /ages ( prep>ation1 h be5 rec5tly excavat$ f ! ru9s ( ! city de/roy$ by ,cs> & 8 legions4 ,b ! ,bibracte enamels are ! "w ( m]e dabbl]s 9 ! art comp>$ ) ! ,briti% examples4 ,! home ( ! art 0 ,brita91 & ! /yle ( ! patt]ns z well z ! associations 9 :i* ! objects decorat$ ) x 7 f\nd1 demon/rate ) c]ta9ty t x _h rea*$ its highe/ /age ( indig5\s developm5t be=e x came 9 contact ) ! ,roman culture40 ,a full acc\nt ( ! discov]ies made at ,bibracte w be f\nd 9 ,j4 ,g4 ,bulliot's ,f\illes de ,mont ,beuvray4 ,sev]al beautiful enamels h be5 d]iv$ f ! ,belgo-,roman cemet]y at ,presles4 ,romano-,briti% enamels1 )\t di/9ctively ,celtic patt]ns ^u !m1 h be5 dug up at _m places 9 ,great ,brita91 b m especially at ,prickwill[4 ,we %all see 9 a subsequ5t *apt] h[ ! div]g5t spiral patt]ns on ! circul> discs ( enamel us$ to decorate ! bronze b[ls ( ! end ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod 7 transf]r$ bodily to ! pages ( ! e>ly ,iri% illum9at$ ,,mss4 ( ! ,gospels4 ,ano!r me?od ( ornam5t+ metalwork besides enamell+ 0 by means ( sett+s ( diff]5t mat]ials fix$ 9 place by small p9s or rivets4 ,z in/ances we h ! bronze %ield f ! ,riv] ,)am1#bgi n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 set ) r$ coral2 ! bronze fibula f ,dat*et1 ,oxon1#bhj set ) amb] & blue glass2 & mo/ curi\s ( all1 a bronze object ( unkn[n use f ,c>lton1#bha ,nor?ampton%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,nor?ampton ,museum1 inlaid ) portions ( ! /em ( a fossil encr9ite4 ,a v effective k9d ( decorative metalwork may be made out ( wire1 b5t s z to =m a s]ies ( loops1 ( :i* we h ,briti% examples 9 ! bracelets f ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age burial 9 ,deepdale1#bhb ,d]by%ire2 & a =eign specim5 9 a fibula f ! cemet]y ( ! ,la ,tne p]iod at ,jez]9e1#bhc 9 ,bosnia-,h]zegov9a4 #bgi ,j4 ,kemble's ,hor ,f]ales1 p4 #ad1 & pl4 #ae4 #bhj ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,lond41 s]4 #b1 vol4 xv41 p4 #aia4 #bha ,ibid41 s]4 #b1 vol4 xvii41 p4 #aff4 #bhb ,! ,reliqu>y = #ahig1 p4 #aja4 #bhc ,r4 ,munro's ,boznia-,h]zegov9a1 p4 #agj4 ,m or less ak9 to ! loop$ wirework j m5tion$ are c]ta9 gold & silv] *a9s made ( f9e wire4 ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,evans has gone pretty fully into ?is subject 9 8 pap] 9 ! ,ar*ologia 7vol4 lv41 p4 #cid71 describ+ ! f9d ( gold ornam5ts at ,broight]1 ne> ,limavady1 ,co4 ,londond]ry1 among/ :i* 7 two *a9s ( ! k9d ref]r$ to4 ,! art ( mak+ ^! *a9s 0 no d\bt ( =eign orig91 z !y h be5 f\nd 9 ,etruscan tombs ( ! fif? c5tury ,b4,c4 9 ,italy2 ) burials ( ! ,la ,tne p]iod 9 ! cemet]y ( ,jez]9e1 9 ,bosnia2 & 9 a tomb 9 ! ,gauli% cemet]y ( ,ornovasso1 9 ! prov9ce ( ,tur94 ,9 ,brita9 su* *a9s 7 us$ dur+ ! p]iod ( ! ,roman occupation = ! atta*m5t ( fibul worn 9 pairs1 z 9 ! case ( ^? f ,*orley1#bhd ,lanca%ire1 & f ,newca/le-on-,tyne1#bhe ,nor?umb]l&4 ,we %all see 9 a subsequ5t *apt] t ! manufacture ( ^! f9ely wr\ght *a9s ( silv] surviv$ 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian times 9 ,irel&1 ! be/-kn[n examples be+ ^? atta*$ to ! ,t>a broo*1#bhf & to an enamell$ p9 f ,clonmacnois4#bhg ,) reg>d to ! date ( ! *a9s1 ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,evans says3--#bhh 8,x ?us appe>s t ^! f9e *a9s 7 9 use among ! ,celtic peoples dur+ ! fir/ two c5turies be=e & aft] our era4#bhi ,9 ,brita91 h[ev]1 ! f9e/ class is1 z f> z ,i am aw>e1 conf9$ to ! latt] half ( ?is p]iod2 ! *a9s atta*$ to ! e>li] ,briti% fibul1 l ! "o 9 ! ,briti% ,museum f ! ,w>r51#bij ne> ,folke/one1 :i* may date f ! second c5tury ,b4,c41 be+1 l ^? ref]r$ to f ! ,*ampagne#bia cemet]ies1 ( simpl] & co>s] con/ruction40 #bhd ,! ,reliqu>y = #aija1 p4 #aih4 #bhe ,ibid4 = #ahie1 p4 #aeg4 #bhf ,m4 ,/okes' ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art 9 ,irel&1 p4 #ge4 #bhg ,j\r4 ,r4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ( ,irel&1 s]4 #e1 vol4 i41 p4 #cah4 #bhh ,ar*ologia1 vol4 lv41 p4 #cif4 #bhi ,dr4 ,a4 ,evans appe>s to h =gott5 ! ,*ri/ian survivals 9 ,irel&4 #bij ,! ,reliqu>y = #aija1 p4 #aig4 #bia ,! co>s] *a9s are made ( ord9>y circul> or oval l9ks1 sometimes d\ble 7see illu/rations giv5 9 ! ,dictionnaire ,ar*ologique de la ,gaule ( ^? f ! ,m>nian cemet]ies74 ,ornam5tal ironwork ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod is extremely r>e1 ei!r because ! smi?s 7 too busily employ$ 9 mak+ weapons = ! w>rior & tools = ! artisan to devote _! "t to decorative "w1 or because ! specim5s ( _! h&iwork h disappe>$ 9 consequ5ce ( ! p]i%able nature ( ! mat]ial ( :i* !y 7 made4 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 ! fire-dogs f ,capel ,g>mon1#bib n[ at ,colonel ,wynne ,f9*'s h\se at ,voelas1 are /ill 9 exi/5ce to %[ u :at f9e ornam5tal ironwork ! ,wel% smi?s ( ! ,romano-,briti% p]iod 7 capable ( produc+4 ,turn+ n[ f ! metalwork to ! pott]y ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod1 we f9d x to consi/ ( unglaz$ vessels made on a :eel1 fir$ 9 a kiln1 & ornam5t$ ei!r by m\ld+s or by patt]ns engrav$ on ! surface ) a po9t$ in/rum5t4 ,! te*nical processes employ$ 9 its manufacture d n seem to h diff]$ ess5tially f ^? ( ! ,romano-,briti% pott]s1 except t slip-w>e 0 unkn[n4 ,z f> z ,i am aw>e1 no pa9t$ pott]y l t f ,mont ,beuvray#bic 7,bibracte71 nor vessels incru/$ ) pebbles & poli%$ ) graphite l ! "o f ,pl\h9ec#bid 7,f9i/re7 n[ 9 ,m4 ,paul du ,*atelli]'s collection at ! ,*teau de ,k]nuz1 ne> ,quimp]1 h yet be5 discov]$ 9 ?is c\ntry4 #bib ,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 s]4 #f1 vol4 i41 p4 #ci4 #bic ,see ,j4 ,g4 ,bulliot's ,f\illes de ,mont ,beuvray4 #bid ,see ,revue ,ar*ologique = #ahhc1 p4 #aa4 ,z f> z ! exi/+ evid5ce goes no ornam5tal glasswork 0 made dur+ ! ,late-,celtic p]iod 9 ,brita9 except c]ta9 beads & armlets already describ$4 ,! te*nical process ( manufactur+ ^! beads consi/$ 9 twi/+ toge!r f9e rods ( diff]5t col\r$ glass1 & !n b5d+ ! composite rod into loops r\nd a m&ril s z to =m ! bead4 ,illu/ration3 ,late-,celtic ,pott]y f ! ,gla/onbury ,lake ,village ,! art ( ! ornam5tal work] 9 wood 9 ! ,late-,celtic p]iod is display$ at its be/ 9 ! tank>ds1 buckets1 & tubs ( :i*1 =tunately1 a few int]e/+ specim5s h be5 pres]v$4 ,! tank>d f ,trawsfynydd1#bie ,m]ione?%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,liv]pool ,museum1 %[s great +5uity ( con/ruction1 ! /aves ( :i* x is compos$ be+ kept toge!r at ! bottom by a corrugat$ wire let into ! ends ( ! /aves4 ,ano!r tank>d1 belong+ to ,mr4 ,t4 ,layton1#bif ,f4,s4,a41 has ! /aves fa/5$ toge!r ) wood5 d[els & p9s4 #bie ,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 s]4 #e1 vol4 xiii41 p4 #bab4 #bif ,ar*ologia1 vol4 lii41 p4 #cei4 ,we h already describ$ h[ ! engrav$ patt]ns 7 produc$ on ! ornam5tal woodwork f ! ,gla/onbury ,m>% ,village by a f9ely po9t$ in/rum5t1 & aft]w>ds burnt 94 ,ornam5tal objects 7 also made out ( bone & ,kimm]idge %ale dur+ ! ,late-,celtic p]iod1 b !re is no?+ special to call = any comm5t 9 ! te*nical me?ods employ$1 except to m5tion t ! patt]ns on ! bone objects 7 (t5 engrav$ by means ( a pair ( compasses1 & t ! vessels ( ,kimm]idge %ale 7 turn$ on a la!4 ,( ! basketry 9 :i* ! ,celts excell$ 9 ! "t ( ,cs>#big no specim5s are n[ extant1 b no d\bt _! natural tal5t = decorative art %[$ itself 9 ?is native indu/ry ( ,brita91 z 9 all o!rs4 #big ,c4 ,elton's ,orig9s ( ,engli% ,hi/ory1 p4 #abb4 ,,lead+ ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,! ,,late-,,celtic ,,/yle ,,( ,,art ,once ! eye ( a tra9$ ar*ologi/ has become famili> ) ! g5]al appe>ance ( ! art products ( ! ,late-,celtic s*ool1 x is comp>atively easy = him to recognise o!r products ( ! same s*ool almo/ by intuition2 b he w\ld f9d x a mu* m difficult task if he 7 ask$ to def9e exactly :at ! peculi>ities are by :i* he is enabl$ to di/+ui% ?is p>ticul> /yle f any o!r4 ,mo/ ( ! decorative elem5ts compos+ ! /yle are ( s fanta/ic & orig9al a nature z to impress !mselves fir/ on ! ret9a ( ! eye1 & !n on ! m9d2 yet1 on t v acc\nt1 !y seem to elude ! descriptive p[]s ( ! writ]4 ,! motives employ$ are nei!r purely geometrical 9 "* nor h !y be5 obvi\sly arriv$ at by conv5tionalis+ natural =ms1 b are some?+ betwe5 ! two1 be+ 7l ! designs on ! anci5t ,briti% co9s7 ! result ( successive copy+4 ,we w1 h[ev]1 not)/&+ ! difficulties t h be5 po9t$ out1 endeav\r to analyse ! decoration ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod z f> z x is possible to d s4 ,unlike ! art ( ! ,bronze ,age1 ! art ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod does n appe> to h be5 9 any way influ5c$ by religi\s symbolism1 & !re=e mu/ be look$ ^u z purely decorative4 ,! designs may be divid$ into ?ree classes z reg>ds ! me?od ( _! execution1 namely3-- 7#a7 ,designs engrav$ on a flat surface4 7#b7 ,designs 9 relief on a flat surface4 7#c7 ,designs 9 ! r\nd4 ,! designs !mselves may be classifi$ z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,an?ropomorphic designs4 7#b7 ,zomorphic designs4 7#c7 ,designs d]iv$ f foliage4 7#d7 ,curvil9e> geometrical designs4 7#e7 ,rectil9e> geometrical designs4 ,an?ropomorphic & zomorphic designs are extremely r>e 9 ,late-,celtic art 9 ,great ,brita91 & ! two be/-kn[n examples--! buckets f ,m>lbor\gh#bih & ,ayles=d#bii--;h1 accord+ to ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,evans1 be5 import$ f ,gaul4 ,! ,m>lbor\gh bucket is encircl$ by f\r horizontal metal b&s1 ! upp] ?ree ( :i* are decorat$ ) human heads & pairs ( animals 9 rep\ss "w4 ,! projections at ea* side ( ! rim1 to :i* ! crossb> at ! top is atta*$1 h pairs ( human heads ^u !m4 ,! m\nt+s ( ! ,ayles=d bucket consi/ ( ?ree bronze b&s1 ! l[] two ( :i* are pla9 & ! upp]mo/ "o ornam5t$ ) pairs ( animals & a peculi> k9d ( scrollwork4 ,ea* ( ! atta*m5ts = ! h&le at ! top has ^u x a s+le human head surm\nt$ by a sort ( cre/$ helmet4 #bih ,sir ,r4 ,c4 ,ho>e's ,anci5t ,wilts1 vol4 ii41 p4 #cd1 & ,w4 ,cunn+ton's ,catal4 ( ,/\rhead ,coll4 9 ,devizes ,museum1 p4 #hh4 #bii ,ar*ologia1 vol4 lii41 p4 #cgd4 ,! /yle ( ! art ( ! two buckets is ! same1 & corresponds 9 "s respects ) t ( ! ,gauli% co9s1#cjj & 9 o!rs ) t ( ! sword-%ea?s f ,la ,tne#cja & ! bronze situl f ,hall/att1 ,wats*1 & ,c]tosa4#cjb ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,evans has dealt s exhau/ively ) ! details ( ^! buckets & ! orig9s ( ! art !y exhibit 9 8 pap] on ! ,ayles=d f9d 9 ! ,ar*ologia1#cjc t !re is really little m to be said on ! subject4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be wor? :ile direct+ att5tion to ! scrolls hang+ d[n f ! m\?s ( "o ( ! pairs ( bea/s on ! ,m>lbor\gh bucket4 ,anyone unacqua9t$ ) ! orig9 ( ^! scrolls w\ld probably mi/ake !m = ! animal's tongue protrud+ f its m\?1 b on comp>+ ! designs on ! ,m>lbor\gh bucket ) ^? on ! situl j ref]r$ to1 ! scrolls w be se5 to be simply degrad$ copies ( ! bran* ( a tree on :i* ! animal is fe$+4 ,! art metalwork]s :o made ! situl 71 9 fact1 9 ! habit ( us+ a simple conv5tion = emphasis+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! h]bivor\s & c>nivor\s animals by %[+1 9 "o case1 ! bran* ( a tree1 & 9 ! o!r ! leg ( its prey protrud+ f its m\?4 ,! ,celtic copyi/s 7 ei!r ignorant ( ?is conv5tion or disreg>d$ x1 s t 9 _! h&s bo? ! bran*es & legs 7 soon conv]t$ into mean+less scrolls be>+ h>dly any resemblance to ! orig9al4 ,?r\gh\t ! :ole range ( ,celtic art !re is display$ a t5d5cy :5 deal+ ) plants & animals to trans=m fir/ ! details & aft]w>ds ! :ole ?+ repres5t$ into curvil9e> geometrical ornam5t4 #cjj ,dictionnaire ,ar*ologique de la ,gaule4 #cja ,e4 ,v\ga1 ,les ,helvtes ,la ,tne4 #cjb ,illu/rat$ 9 ! second edition ( ,dr4 ,r4 ,munro's ,boznia-,h]zegov9a1 p4 #djg4 #cjc ,vol4 lii41 p4 #cfj4 ,besides ! buckets j describ$1 !re are a few o!r examples ( zomorphic designs 9 ,late-,celtic art1 among/ :i* are ! small bronze figures ( animals f\nd at ,h\nsl[1#cjd ,middlesex1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 ! bronze armlet1 t]m9at+ 9 s]p5ts' heads1 f ! ,culb9 ,s&s1#cje ,elg9%ire2 ! knife-h&le1 t]m9at+ 9 a bull's head1 f ,birdlip1#cjf ,gl\ce/]%ire2 ! iron fire-dogs1#cjg ) uprights t]m9at+ 9 horn$ bea/s' heads1 f ,m\nt ,bures1 ,essex1 ,hay ,hill1 ,cambridge%ire1 & ,%ef=d1 ,b$=d%ire2 ! horn$ bronze helmet f ,torrs1#cjh ,kirkcudbright%ire1 n[ at ,abbots=d2 ! sw9e's head f ,lie*e/[n1#cji ,banff%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,banff ,museum2 & ! bull's head f ,ham ,hill1#caj ,som]set1 9 ! ,taunton ,museum4 #cjd ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,lond41 s]4 #b1 vol4 iii41 p4 #ij4 #cje ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,pagan ,times3 ,iron ,age1 p4 #aef4 #cjf ,trans4 ,bri/ol & ,gl\ce/]%4 ,ar*ol4 ,soc41 vol4 v41 p4 #acg4 #cjg ,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 s]4 #f1 vol4 i41 p4 #da4 #cjh ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,pagan ,times3 ,iron ,age1 p4 #aac4 #cji ,ibid41 p4 #aag4 #caj ,proc4 ,som]set%4 ,ar*ol4 ,soc41 s]4 #c1 vol4 viii41 p4 #cc4 ,illu/ration3 ,engrav$ ,ornam5t on ,late-,celtic ,wood5 ,tub f\nd at ! ,gla/onbury ,lake ,village ,illu/ration3 ,ornam5t on backs ( h&les ( pair ( ,late-,celtic ,spoons f ,we/on1 ne> ,ba? ,scale #a_/a l9e> ,! heads ( ! bull on ! knife-h&le f ,birdlip1 & ! bea/s on ! fire-dogs f ,hay ,hill & ,%ef=d1 h horns ) r\nd knobs on ! end ( ea*4 ,bea/s ) knobb$ horns ( ?is k9d are repres5t$ on ! ,sc&9avian gold bracteates#caa ( ! ,e>ly ,iron ,age1 g5]ally associat$ ) ! swa/ika symbol4 ,simil> horns are to be se5 on ! helmet ( a small bronze figure f\nd 9 ,d5m>k2#cab on a figure depict$ on ! silv] b[l f ,gunde/rup1#cac ,jutl&2 & on ! h&les ( gold vessels f ,rnn+e1#cad ,boeslund1#cae & ,fy51#caf ,d5m>k4 ,! horns probably h "s religi\s significance4 #caa ,pr(4 ,g4 ,/ev5s' ,old ,nor!rn ,runic ,monum5ts4 #cab ,j4 ,j4 ,a4 ,worsaae's ,indu/rial ,arts ( ,d5m>k1 p4 #aji4 #cac ,sophus ,mll] 9 ,nordiske ,=tidsm9d]1 pt4 #b1 pl4 #aj4 #cad ,a4 ,p4 ,mads5's ,bronze ,age1 ii41 pl4 #be4 #cae ,indu/rial ,arts ( ,d5m>k1 p4 #aje4 #caf ,p4 ,b4 ,du ,*aillu's ,vik+ ,age1 vol4 i41 p4 #ig4 ,foliage s slightly conv5tionalis$ z to be easily recognis$ z su* _c be said to exi/ 9 ,late-,celtic art1 yet ! foliage\s orig9 ( _m ( ! designs at once betrays itself 9 ! undulat+ curves ) scrolls repeat$ at regul> int]vals on ea* side ( :at may be call$ ! /em-l9e4 ,we _c select any bett] examples z illu/rat+ ?is ?an ! two beautiful bronze sword-%ea?s f ! crannog at ,lisnacrogh]a1#cag ,co4 ,antrim4 ,"h ! portions ( ! designs :i* repres5t ! pr9cipal /em consi/ ( two l9es runn+ close toge!r p>allel to ea* o!r until !y rea* ! po9t :]e a small] /em bran*es (f1 :5 !y div]ge4 ,! small] /ems1 l ! pr9cipal /em1 consi/ ( p>allel l9es runn+ close toge!r1 & ^!1 aga91 div]ge to =m :at repres5ts ! leaf4 ,! ends ( ! leaves t]m9ate 9 small spirals & _! g5]al %ape resembles t ( :at are kn[n z arabesques4 ,we ?us get ! long sweep+ ,s-%ap$ curves & ! alt]nate contractions & expansions ( ! space betwe5 ! two b\nd>y l9es :i* are common to ne>ly all ,late-,celtic ornam5t4 ,n[1 = "s inscrutable reason1 ! natural =ms ( plant life nev] seem to h appeal$ to ! ,celtic m9d 9 ! way !y did1 = in/ance1 to ! ecclesia/ical sculptors ( ! twelf? & ?irte5? c5turies4 ,consequ5tly ! designs :i* 7 9 ! fir/ in/ance copi$ f foliage soon became trans=m$ into a succession ( beautiful flamboyant curves1 pleas+ to ! eye unque/ionably1 b sugge/+ b little to ! m9d z to _! mean+4 ,9 ref]5ce to ?is1 ,dr4 ,ar?ur ,evans rem>ks3--#cah #cag ,j\r4 ,r4 ,hi/4 & ,a4 ,a4 ( ,irel&1 s]4 #d1 vol4 vi41 pp4 #chd-ij4 ,! decoration ( a wood5 tub f\nd at ! ,gla/onbury ,m>% ,village af=ds ano!r v good in/ance ( a ,late-,celtic patt]n d]iv$ f foliage4 #cah ,ar*ologia1 vol4 lv41 p4 #djd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,upp] ,,"p ,,( ,,bronze ,,sword-,,%ea?1 ,,f ,,lisnacrogh]a1 ,,co4 ,,antrim2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,l[] ,,"p ,,( ,,bronze ,,sword-,,%ea?1 ,,f ,,lisnacrogh]a1 ,,co4 ,,antrim2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum 8,! t5d5cy ( all ,late-,celtic art 0 to r$uce all naturali/ic motives borr[$ by x f ! classical _w to geometrical s*emes4444 ,yet ! :ole hi/ory ( ,late-,celtic art in/ructs u t ?is geometrical s*eme1 elaborate z x is1 0 orig9ally bas$ on ornam5ts ( a naturali/ic k9d40 ,once ! foliage\s orig9 ( ! flamboyant patt]ns 0 lo/ sight ( or disreg>d$1 x became easy to elaborate fre% designs by plac+ ! =ms d]iv$ f ! leaves & /ems ( plants 9 all sorts ( unnatural positions relatively to ea* o!r1 z1 = in/ance1 on ! pair ( bronze spoon-l objects f ,we/on1 ne> ,ba?1 :i* are n[ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum ( ,antiquities1 & 9 a p>ticul> class ( pi]c$ ornam5ts1 sev]al ( :i* are illu/rat$ 9 ,l4 ,l9d5s*mit's ,die ,alt]?m] uns]] heidnis*5 ,vorzeit4#cai #cai ,vol4 i41 pt4 x41 pl4 #f2 vol4 ii41 pt4 viii41 pl4 #e2 vol4 iii41 pt4 vii41 pl4 #f4 ,comp>e ^! ) ! ornam5t f\nd at ,sil*e/]1 illu/rat$ 9 ! ,ar*ologia1 vol4 liv41 p4 #dgj4 ,a /ill fur!r trans=mation result$ f ! practice ( draw+ ! v>i\s curves by means ( a pair ( compasses1 & once ?is me*anical me?od _h be5 adopt$ ! temptation to introduce complete circles ( diff]5t sizes into ! designs w\ld foll[ z a matt] ( c\rse4 ,?is is v cle>ly se5 on ! ornam5t$ bone spatul f ,slieve-na-,caillighe1 ,co4 ,mea?1 already ref]r$ to z hav+ be5 f\nd ) a pair ( iron compasses2 & also on backs ( ! bronze mirrors1 ( :i* a li/ is giv5 on p4 #aae4 ,x is mo/ rem>kable t ! ,late-,celtic arti/s %\ld h succe$$ 9 do+ :at has baffl$ ev]yone else be=e or s9ce1 namely1 9 produc+ 8sweet0 curves by means ( a comb9ation ( circul> arcs4 ,illu/ration3 ,engrav$ ,bone object f ,slieve-na-,caillighe1 ,co4 ,mea? ,illu/ration3 ,,h&le ,,( ,,late-,,celtic ,,bronze ,,tank>d ,,f ,,trawsfynydd1 ,,m]ione?%ire2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,may] ,,museum1 ,,liv]pool ,illu/ration3 ,,bridle-,,bit ,,( ,,bronze ,,enamell$ ,,f ,,rise1 ,,ne> ,,hull1 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,scale ,,l9e> ,la/ly1 :5 ! patt]ns :i* _h ?us be5 evolv$ f natural foliage on a flat surface 7 transf]r$ to ! relief ( ! rep\ss metalwork1 & rais$ bosses1 volutes1 & r\nd plaques ( enamel sub/itut$ = ! complete flat circles1 an entirely new /yle ( decoration 0 br\ght into exi/5ce4 ,! mo/ appropriate "n t c be giv5 to ?is p>ticul> k9d ( ,celtic ornam5t is flamboyant "w4 ,! ,fr5* ^w flamboy] means to blaze1 & ! ,go?ic w9d[ trac]y ( ! f\rte5? c5tury1 9 :i* ,s-%ap$ curves pr$om9ate1 is call$ flamboyant on acc\nt ( its resemblance to tongues ( flame4 ,! h&le ( ! ,late-,celtic tank>d f ,trawsfynydd1#cbj ,m]ione?%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,liv]pool ,museum1 if reproduc$ 9 /one on a l>g] scale1 w\ld c]ta9ly be mi/ak5 = a piece ( ,go?ic trac]y1 s t x may almo/ be look$ ^u z a blasphem\s anticipation ( ,*ri/ian art by ! ,pagan ,celt4 #cbj ,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 s]4 #e1 vol4 xiii41 p4 #bab4 ,! be/ examples ( ! ,late-,celtic flamboyant "w1 = purposes ( /udy1 are ! bronze %ield f ! riv] ,?ames1 a circul> disc ( unkn[n use f ,irel&1 bo? 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 ! gold coll> f ,limavady1 ,co4 ,londond]ry1 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 ,dubl92 & ! sica fibula1 9 ! ,newca/le ,museum4 ,!re is also a disc 9 ! ,dubl9 ,museum ( simil> design to ! "o 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :i* is wor? comp>+ ) x4 ,! :ole design ( ! %ield f ! ,?ames is arrang$ ) a due reg>d to symmetry4 ,! small circul> plaques ( enamel1 :i* are a lead+ feature 9 ! s*eme ( decoration1 are plac$ 9 def9ite positions1 9 gr\ps ( f\r & eight1 ar\nd a c5tral plaque )9 a rais$ boss4 ,! plaques are connect$ by ,s-%ap$ curves 9 relief1 :i* v>y 9 wid? & 9 height above ! backgr\nd 9 diff]5t places4 ,! highe/ "p ( ! curve is emphasis$ by a %>p ridge :i* does n trav]se ! :ole l5g? ( ! curve midway betwe5 ! m>g9s1 b at "o place approa*es ne> "o edge1 & a little fur!r on approa*es ! o!r4 ,an extremely complicat$ solid1 b\nd$ by curv$ surfaces1 is ?us =m$1 ! appe>ance ( :i* c only be realis$ by see+ ! ?+ itself or a model ( x4 ,illu/ration3 ,fibula ( ,bronze-,gilt f sica ,n[ 9 ! ,newca/le ,museum4 ,scale #a_/a l9e> ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,ornam5t ,,on ,,late-,,celtic ,,bronze ,,%ield ,,f ,,! ,,?ames ,,at ,,batt]sea2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,flamboyant ,ornam5t on ,coll> f ,broight]1 ,limavady1 ,co4 ,londond]ry ,! circul> bronze discs & ! gold coll> f ,irel& exhibit a class ( flamboyant "w :i* is some:at diff]5t f t on ! %ield f ! ,?ames1 & is /ill fur!r remov$ f ! orig9al foliage motive designs4 ,"h con*oids take ! place ( ! circul> enamell$ plaques arrang$ 9 symmetrical positions1 & ! curves connect+ !m ) ea* o!r h ! trumpet-%ap$ t]m9al expansions1 :i* are s *>act]i/ic ( ! ,late-,celtic /yle1 v highly develop$4 ,a fur!r modification t disguises ! foliage\s orig9 ( ! design is ! sub/itution ( two ,c-%ap$ curves meet+ at an angle = ! m gracefully fl[+ ,s-%ap$ curves4 ,examples ( a runn+ patt]n compos$ ( ,c-%ap$ curves meet+ at an angle 9 ! way describ$1 occur on a bronze coll> f ,lo*> ,moss1#cba ,dumfries%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7see p4 #aab74 ,a runn+ patt]n compos$ ( ,c & ,s-%ap$ curves alt]nately meet+ at an angle occurs on ! enamell$ m\nt+ ( a bronze b[l f ,b>la/on1#cbb ,/af=d%ire4 ,we h po9t$ out ! *anges due to copy+ 9 relief a design engrav$ on a flat surface2 b curi\sly en\gh :5 ! decoration ( ! rep\ss metalwork 0 aga9 transf]r$ to a flat surface1 z 9 ! enamell$ fitt+s ( ! bronze b[ls & 9 ! spiral ornam5tation ( ! illum9at$ ,,mss4 ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod1 x did n return to :at x 0 be=e1 b became /ill m unlike its foliage\s prototype4 ,x w be notic$ t ! ends ( ! trumpet-%ap$ expansions on ! bronze discs & gold coll> be+ 9 ! highe/ relief cat* ! light4 ,9 ! ,,mss4 & enamels ?is effect is imitat$ by small almond-%ap$ spots ( a diff]5t col\r f ! re/4 ,! beautiful rep\ss ornam5t on ! bronze mirror f ,balmaclellan1#cbc ,kirkcudbright%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum ( ,antiquities1 supplies u ) ano!r in/ance ( little rais$ bosses :i* 7 aft]w>ds reproduc$ on ! flat by means ( col\r 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,,mss4 #cba ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xxxiii41 p4 #cdg4 #cbb ,ibid41 vol4 lvi41 p4 #dd4 #cbc ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,pagan ,times3 ,iron ,age1 p4 #abg4 ,illu/ration3 ,spiral ,ornam5t 9 ,illum9at$ ,,ms4 copi$ f rep\ss metalwork ,illu/ration3 ,,circul> ,,disc ,,( ,,bronze ,,) ,,rep\ss ,,ornam5t ,,f ,,irel&2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,enamell$ ,,h>ness-,,r+ ,,f ,,we/hall1 ,,suffolk2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,scale ,,l9e> ,_m ( ! curvil9e> ,late-,celtic patt]ns :i* are us$ to fill a circul> space are bas$ ^u ! triskele & ! swa/ika4 ,a good example ( a curv$ swa/ika patt]n occurs on ea* ( ! ?ree enamell$ h&les ( a bronze b[l f\nd at ,b>la/on1#cbd ,/af=d%ire4 ,triskele designs are mu* m common1 especially on ! r\nd disc fibul1 specim5s ( :i* h be5 f\nd at ,sil*e/]1#cbe ,hamp%ire2 ,br\gh1#cbf ,we/morel&2 & 9 ! ,victoria ,cave1#cbg ne> ,settle1 ,york%ire4 ,!re are o!r in/ances on ! bronze tank>ds f ,elv$51#cbh ,essex1 & ,trawsfynydd1#cbi ,m]ione?%ire2 on ! bronze %ield f ! ,?ames1#ccj n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 on a bronze disc-&-hook ornam5t 9 ! ,dubl9 ,museum2#cca on a bronze plate 9 ! ,wel%pool ,museum2#ccb on "s bronze h>ness-m\nt+s 787#h f ,s\? ,%ields2#ccc on bronze :eel-%ap$ p5dants f ,seamill ,=t1#ccd ,ayr%ire1 f ,b]k%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 f ,k+%olm1#cce ne> ,gl\ce/]1 & f ,treceiri1 ,c>n>von%ire4 ,^! designs may h _h a symbolical orig91 z ! triskele 0 a well-kn[n sun symbol 9 ! ,bronze ,age4 ,! triskele arrangem5t ( ?ree spirals r\nd a c5tral spiral surviv$ 9 ! decoration ( ! illum9at$ ,,mss4 ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod4 #cbd ,ar*ologia1 vol4 lvi41 p4 #dd4 #cbe ,n[ at ,/ra?fieldsaye ,h\se4 #cbf ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,lond41 s]4 ,i1 vol4 iv41 p4 #abi4 #cbg ,hi/oric ,soc4 ( ,lanc4 & ,*e%ire1 ,trans4 = #ahff1 p4 #aii4 #cbh ,ar*ologia1 vol4 lii41 p4 #cei4 #cbi ,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 s]4 #e1 vol4 xiii41 p4 #bab4 #ccj ,kemble's ,hor ,f]ales1 pl4 #ae4 #cca ,! ,reliqu>y = #aija1 p4 #ef4 #ccb ,unpubli%$4 #ccc ,j\r4 ,brit4 ,ar*ol4 ,assoc41 vol4 xxxix41 p4 #ij4 #ccd ,r4 ,munro's ,prehi/oric ,scotl&1 p4 #cgh4 #cce ,d\glas' ,n5ia ,britannica1 p4 #acd4 ,9 ! rep\ss metalwork ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod c]ta9 portions ( ! design are ?r[n into relief 9 ord] to enable !m to be di/+ui%$ f ! re/ :i* is n 9 relief4 ,mu* ! same arti/ic effect c be obta9$ :5 ! design is engrav$ on a flat surface by means ( %ad+1 & 9 ! case ( enamell$ plaques1 by employ+ diff]5t col\rs4 ,9 fact1 by ! use ( relief1 %ad+1 or col\r1 ! decorative effect ( a patt]n is d\bl$1 because !re are two ?+s = ! m9d to compreh5d1 namely1 ! %ape ( ! patt]n itself & ! %ape ( ! backgr\nd4 ,anyone :o endeav\rs to realise bo? %apes simultane\sly w f9d x an impossibility4 ,sev]al diff]5t k9ds ( %ad+ are us$ 9 ,late-,celtic art1 *iefly 9 ornam5t engrav$ on metal1 wood1 bone1 & pott]y1 z w be se5 by ! foll[+ li/3-- ,li/ %[+ diff]5t k9ds ( %ad+ us$ 9 ,late-,celtic ,art1 & ! objects on :i* !y occur4 7#a7 ,%ad+ ( p>allel l9es4 ,illu/ration ,on spoon-l bronze objects f ,crosby ,rav5swor?1 ,we/morel&1 & ,irel&4 ,on bronze mirror f ,/am=d ,hill1 ne> ,plym\?4 ,on engrav$ pott]y f ,gla/onbury ,m>% ,village4 ,on bronze sword-%ea? f ,embleton4 7#b7 ,cross-hat*+ plac$ diagonally4 ,illu/ration ,on engrav$ piece ( wood & engrav$ pott]y f ! ,gla/onbury ,m>% ,village4 7#c7 ,cross-hat*+ plac$ diagonally1 ) dots 9 ea* ( ! squ>e me%es4 ,illu/ration ,on engrav$ wood5 tub f ! ,gla/onbury ,m>% ,village4 7#d7 ,cross-hat*+ ( d\ble l9es plac$ diagonally4 ,illu/ration ,on engrav$ piece ( wood f ! ,gla/onbury ,m>% ,village4 7#e7 ,*equ]work grass-matt+ %ad+4 ,illu/ration ,on bronze sword-%ea? f crannog at ,lisnacrogh]a4 ,on bronze mirrors f ,trelan ,bah[1 ,cornwall2 ,birdlip1 ,gl\ce/]%ire2 f unkn[n locality1 n[ 9 ! ,liv]pool ,museum2 & f ,/am=d ,hill1 ne> ,plym\?4 7#f7 ,eng9e-turn$ %ad+4 ,illu/ration ,on gold coll> f ,limavady4 7#g7 ,dott$ %ad+4 ,illu/ration ,on bronze spoon-l objects 9 ! ,dubl9 ,museum4 ,on bronze h>ness-r+ f ,pold5 ,hill1 ,som]set%ire4 ,on silv] armlet f ,/ony ,middleton1 ,bucks4 ,besides ! ,late-,celtic objects j describ$1 :i* exhibit curvil9e> surface decoration d]iv$ f foliage1 !re are o!rs ) v peculi> =ms 89 ! r\nd40 ,among/ ^! are ! h>ness-r+s ) project+ knobs f ,pold5 ,hill1 ,som]set%ire2 ,/anwick1 ,york%ire1 & else:]e2 ! bead$ torques f ,lo*> ,moss1 ,dumfries%ire2 ,hyn=d1 ,lan>k2 & ! bead$ bracelets f ,arras & ,c[lam1 ,york%ire4 ,! projections on ! h>ness-r+s g5]ally occur at ?ree po9ts r\nd ! circumf]5ce1 & _! %apes w be bett] und]/ood f ! illu/rations ?an f any writt5 description4 ,x is n easy to say :at ! mean+ or orig9 ( ^! projections c be1 z !y be> no obvi\s resemblance to any natural or artificial object4 ,! bead$ torques m5tion$ are compos$ ( sep>ate metal beads 7usually ( two diff]5t %apes7 /rung on a squ>e iron rod1 s t !y _c rotate or rattle ab\t4 ,! bracelets are1 h[ev]1 ca/ 9 "o piece1 & made 9 imitation ( a /r+ ( beads4 ,?is /yle ( bracelet is ( =eign orig91 z specim5s h be5 f\nd 9 ,france#ccf & ,g]many1#ccg _m ( :i* are elaborately ornam5t$ ) spiralwork 9 high relief4 #ccf ,dictionnaire ,ar*ologique de la ,gaule4 #ccg ,l9d5s*mit's ,alt]?m]4 ,illu/ration3 ,swa/ika design on ,%ield f ! ,?ames ,rectil9e> patt]ns are ( comp>atively r>e occurr5ce 9 ,late-,celtic art1 z ! design]s ( ! p]iod appe> to h _h a root$ objection to us+ /raight l9es if !y c\ld possibly be avoid$4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 a few exceptions4 ,! small circul> enamell$ plaques ) :i* ! bronze %ield f ! ,?ames1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 is decorat$1 h a swa/ika patt]n on ea*4 ,! swa/ika 0 probably a =eign importation1 z x is us$ 9 ! decoration ( ! ,gauli% bronze helmet f ,gorge-,meillet#cch 7,m>ne71 & ( ! iron lance-head f ,la ,tne1#cci ,switz]l&4 ,! /ep-patt]n 9 ,late-,celtic art may h _h a textile orig91 i4e4 h be5 copi$ f a wov5 belt or o!r fabric4 ,in/ances ( x occur on a piece ( engrav$ wood f ! ,gla/onbury#cdj ,m>% ,village2 on ! bronze m\nt+s ( a %ield f ,grim?orpe1#cda ,york%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2 on ! bronze f]rule ( a spe>-%aft f ! ,crannog at ,lisnacrogh]a1#cdb ,co4 ,antrim2 & on a sculptur$ monoli? at ,turoe1 ,co4 ,galway4 ,! /ep-patt]n surviv$ aft] ! ,pagan p]iod 9 ! ,*ri/ian enamels1 z 9 ! b[l f ,mklebu/1#cdc ,norway1 & ! fragm5t at ,/4 ,columba's ,college1#cdd ,dubl94 ,! key-patt]n1 or ,greek fret1 is unkn[n 9 ,late-,celtic art4 ,! *equ]work patt]n may also h _h a textile orig94 ,!re is an example ( x on ! bronze sword-%ea? f ,embleton1#cde ,cumb]l&1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! *evron & loz5ge patt]ns are possibly survivals f ! prec$+ ,bronze ,age4 ,we h in/ances ( ! *evron patt]n on ! bronze mirror f ,trelan ,bah[1#cdf ,cornwall1 & on a pot%]d f ! ,gla/onbury#cdg ,m>% ,village2 & ( ! loz5ge on ! /ave ( a bucket#cdh f ! same site4 #cch ,a4 ,b]tr&'s ,ar*ologie ,celtique et ,gauloise1 p4 #cfg4 #cci ,e4 ,v\ga's ,les ,helvtes ,la ,tne1 pl4 #e4 #cdj ,! ,antiqu>y = #ahie1 p4 #aaj4 #cda ,ll4 ,jewitt's ,grave-,m\nds & _! ,cont5ts1 p4 #bdf4 #cdb ,j\r4 ,r4 ,hi/4 & ,ar*ol4 ,assoc4 ( ,irel&1 s]4 #d1 vol4 vi41 p4 #cid4 #cdc ,mm4 de la ,soc4 ,ant4 du ,nord1 #ahij1 p4 #ce4 #cdd ,j4 ,b4 ,w>+'s ,man*e/] ,f9e ,art ,treasures ,exhibition4 #cde ,kemble's ,hor ,f]ales1 pl4 #ah1 fig4 #c4 #cdf ,ar*ol4 ,j\r41 vol4 xxx41 p4 #bfg4 #cdg ,proc4 ,som]set%4 ,ar*ol4 ,soc41 vol4 xl4 #cdh ,! ,antiqu>y = #ahie1 p4 #aaj4 ,illu/ration3 ,engrav$ ,/ep ,ornam5t on piece ( wood f\nd at ! ,gla/onbury ,lake ,village ,drawn by ,ar?ur ,bulleid1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,*apt] ,,vi ,,celtic ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,p]iod 7,a4,d4 #dej to #ajff7 ,,! ,,introduction ,,( ,,*ri/ianity ,,into ,,brita91 ,,& ,,its ,,effect ,,on ,,native ,,art ,x mu/ always be borne 9 m9d t ! conv]sion ( ! inhabitants ( ,brita9 f ,paganism to ,*ri/ianity 0 a v gradual process1 ext5d+ ov] a p]iod ( two hundr$ ye>s at lea/4 ,x seems probable t dur+ ! la/ hundr$ ye>s or s ( ! ,roman occupation ( ,brita9 ! ,*ri/ian fai? may h be5 accept$ by a limit$ numb] ( ! native population2 b almo/ z soon z ! new religion began to take root 9 ,engl& x 0 entirely swept away by ! ,saxon conque/1 & ! few conv]ts :o 7 n ext]m9at$ by ! ru?less ,pagan invad]s fl$ = refuge to ,wales & ,cornwall4 ,! ar*ological evid5ce ( ! exi/5ce ( ,romano-,briti% ,*ri/ianity is extremely scanty4 ,out ( ! hundr$s & hundr$s ( inscrib$ & sculptur$ monum5ts belong+ to ! p]iod ( ! ,roman occupation ( ,brita9 !re is n "o :i* be>s a ,*ri/ian symbol or %[s a trace ( ,*ri/ian art4 ,!re are only two in/ances ( ! occurr5ce ( a ,*ri/ian symbol on a ,romano-,briti% /ructure1 namely1 7#a7 at ,*$wor?1#cdi :]e ! ,*i-,rho ,monogram is c>v$ twice ^u a /one 9 ! f\ndation ( ! /eps lead+ into ! corridor ( a ,roman villa !re2 & 7#b7 at ,frampton1#cej ,dorset%ire1 :]e ! same ,monogram =ms "p ( ! decoration ( a mosaic pavem5t 9 "o ( ! rooms ( a ,roman villa4 ,z ,romano-,briti% ,*ri/ianity produc$ no effect on ! art ( ?is c\ntry1 we are n fur!r conc]n$ ) x4 #cdi ,j\rn4 ,brit4 ,ar*ol4 ,assoc41 vol4 xxiii41 p4 #bbh4 #cej ,s4 ,lysons' ,reliqui ,brittanico ,roman1 ,no4 #c1 pl4 #e4 ,:il/ ,engl& rema9$ "u ! dom9ion ( ,saxon ,pag&om = a c5tury & a half 9 "s p>ts1 & = ne>ly two c5turies 9 o!rs1 ,*ri/ianity spread rapidly f ,gaul to ,cornwall1 ,wales1 & ! s\?-we/ ( ,scotl&1 & !nce to ,irel&4 ,aft] ! ,saxons 7 conv]t$ by ,/4 ,augu/9e1 9 ,a4,d4 #eig1 !re 0 a return wave ( ,celtic ,*ri/ianity f ,irel& to ,iona1 & f ,iona to ,l9disf>ne1 9 ,nor?umbria1 :i* 0 f\nd$ ,a4,d4 #fce4 ,! localities :]e ,*ri/ianity 0 fir/ plant$ 9 ,brita9 are indicat$ ar*ologically by ! geographical di/ribution ( monum5ts be>+ ! ,*i-,rho ,monogram1 :i* is z foll[s3-- ,,cornwall4 ,/4 ,j4 ,/4 ,hel5's ,*apel4 ,phillack4 ,s\?ill4 ,,c>n>von%ire4 ,p5ma*no4 ,,wigt[n%ire4 ,kirkmadr9e4 ,:i?orn4 ,z ! ,*i-,rho ,monogram does n occur on ! e>ly inscrib$ /ones ( ,irel&1 b 9 place ( x ! cross ) equal arms exp&$ at ! ends1 enclos$ 9 a circle1 :i* is d]iv$ f ! ,monogram1#cea x naturally foll[s t ,iri% ,*ri/ianity is lat] ?an t ( ,cornwall1 ,wales1 & ! s\?-we/ ( ,scotl&4 #cea ,see ,j4 ,r4 ,all5's ,*ri/ian ,symbolism1 p4 #id4 ,! ,*i-,rho ,monogram occurs on inscrib$ monum5ts 9 ,gaul betwe5 ,a4,d4 #cgg & #dic4 ,sett+ aside ! vague & unsatisfactory /atem5ts ( ! my?ical p]iod 7su* z ! "o ab\t ! pres5ce ( ?ree ,briti% at ! ,c\ncil ( ,arles 9 ,a4,d4 #cad71 we f9d t ! real hi/ory ( ! ,*ri/ianis+ ( ?is c\ntry beg9s ) ! op5+ ye>s ( ! fif? c5tury1 & t x foll[$ directly f ! f\ndation ( ! s*ool ( le>n+ & c5tre ( mission>y ent]prise by ,/4 ,m>t9 at ,t\rs1 9 ,france4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #cig ,/4 ,m>t9 di$1 & n long aft]1 9 ,a4,d4 #dab1 8 disciple1 ,/4 ,n9ian1 built a /one *ur* d$icat$ to 8 ma/] at ,:i?orn1 ,wigt[n%ire4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #dbi ,g]manus1 ,bi%op ( ,aux]re1 & ,lupus1 ,bi%op ( ,troyes1 visit$ ,brita9 9 ord] to suppress ! ,pelagian h]esy4 ,ab\t ! same "t ! conv]sion ( ,irel& is believ$ to h be5 comm5c$ by ei!r ,/4 ,patrick or by ,/4 ,palladius 7circa ,a4,d4 #dcb74 ,! six? c5tury witness$ ! f\ndation ( ! great s*ool ( ecclesia/ical le>n+ at ,llantwit ,major1 ,glamorgan%ire1 :]e ,/4 ,david1 ,/4 ,samson1 & ,gildas ! hi/orian 7 educat$2 b an ev5t ( ev5 great] importance 0 ! l&+ ( ,/4 ,columba at ,iona 9 ,a4,d4 #efc1 & ! subsequ5t conv]sion ( ! nor!rn ,picts4 ,! six? c5tury ends ) ! conv]sion ( ,k5t by ,/4 ,augu/9e 9 ,a4,d4 #eig4 ,x 0 eighty-f\r ye>s m be=e ! ,s\? ,saxons accept$ ,*ri/ianity & ! conv]sion ( ,engl& became complete4 ,9 ! meantime ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! ,saxon & ,celtic ,*ur*es _h be5 settl$ 9 fav\r ( ! =m] at ! ,synod ( ,:itby 9 ,a4,d4 #ffd4 ,review+ ! hi/orical facts j m5tion$1 x appe>s t = ab\t #bjj ye>s 7f ,a4,d4 #dej to #fej7 !re 0 a sep>ate ,celtic ,*ur* 9 ,brita91 :i* may appropriately be call$ ! pre-,augu/9ian ,*ur*4 ,! "q n[ naturally sugge/s itself1 to :at ext5t did ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity influ5ce ! native art ( ,brita9 dur+ ! #bjj ye>s :i* foll[$ ! dep>ture ( ! ,romans f its %ores8 ,! answ] suppli$ by ar*ology is t be=e ab\t ,a4,d4 #fej !re 0 no di/9ctively ,*ri/ian art exi/+ 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! monum5ts belong+ to ! pre-,augu/9ian ,*ur* consi/ ( rude pill>-/ones ) incis$ crosses ( e>ly =m1 or ) ,lat9 inscriptions 9 debas$ ,roman capitals1 sometimes ) ,celtic inscription 9 ,ogams 9 addition4 ,! monum5ts ( ?is class d n1 z a rule1 %[ any trace ( ornam5t or sculpture beyond ! crosses & inscriptions4 ,! only record$ exceptions are-- ,an ,ogam-inscrib$ /one f ,p5tre ,poe?1#ceb ,brecknock%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 hav+ on "o face a bi%op ) 8 crozi]1 ,/4 ,mi*ael & ! ,dragon1 & v rude zigzag ornam5t4 ,an ,ogam-inscrib$ /one f ,gl5fahan1#cec ,co4 ,k]ry1 n[ 9 ! ,dubl9 ,museum1 ) rude spiral ornam5t1 a figure ( a man1 a loop$ patt]n1 & sev]al crosses4 ,an ,ogam-inscrib$ /one at ,kille5 ,cormac1#ced ,co4 ,kild>e1 ly+ pro/rate ne> ! entrance gate1 ) a bu/ ( ,*ri/ c>ry+ ! cross ov] ! "r %\ld]4 ,/4 ,gobnet's ,/one at ,ballyv\rney1#cee ,co4 ,cork1 ) a cross enclos$ 9 a circle1 surm\nt$ by ! figure ( a bi%op hold+ 8 crozi]4 ,a /one1 ) a m9uscule inscription1 at ,reask1#cef ,co4 ,k]ry1 hav+ on ! same face a cross 9 a circle1 ) incis$ spiral ornam5t at ea* side ( ! %aft4 #ceb ,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 s]4 #f1 vol4 i41 p4 #bdj4 #cec ,trans4 ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 vol4 xxxi41 p4 #cah4 #ced ,j\rn4 ,r4 ,hi/4 & ,a4 ,a4 ( ,irel&1 s]4 #d1 vol4 ii41 p4 #edf4 #cee ,ar*ol4 ,j\r41 vol4 xii41 p4 #hf4 #cef ,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 s]4 #e1 vol4 ix41 p4 #adg4 ,! /ones1 ) incis$ symbols ( unkn[n mean+1 :i* are s common 9 ! nor?-ea/ ( ,scotl&1 possibly belong to ! same e>ly p]iod4 ,! ornam5t on "s ( !m has a v m>k$ ,late-,celtic "*4 ,illu/ration3 ,enamell$ ,h&les ( ,bronze ,b[l f\nd at ,b>la/on1 ,/af=d%ire ,n[ 9 ! possession ( ,miss ,amy ,w$gwood4 ,scale #a_/a l9e> ,illu/ration3 ,enamell$ ,h&le ( ,bronze ,b[l f ,*e/]ton-on-,fossway1 ,w>wick%ire ,n[ 9 ! ,w>wick ,museum4 ,scale #a_/a l9e> ,!re are no ,celtic ,,mss4 ) illum9ations or ornam5t ( any k9d to :i* a date e>li] ?an ,a4,d4 #fej c be assign$1 b !re are a c]ta9 numb] ( metal objects :i* illu/rate ! ov]lap ( ! ,pagan & ,*ri/ian /yles ( ,celtic art4 ,among/ ! mo/ important ( ^! are ! bronze b[ls ) enamell$ m\nt+s & zomorphic h&les :i* h be5 describ$ at "s l5g? by ! au?or 9 ! ,ar*ologia 7vol4 lvi41 p4 #dc74 ,! *ief peculi>ities ( ! b[ls is ! holl[ m\ld+ j bel[ ! rim & ! ?ree or f\r h&les ) r+s = susp5sion4 ,! upp] "p ( ea* h&le is l a hook1 t]m9at+ 9 a bea/'s head1 :i* re/s on ! rim ( ! b[l & projects inw>ds ov] x4 ,! l[] "p ( ea* h&le is circul>1 or 9 ! %ape ( ! body ( a bird1 & is fix$ to ! convex sides ( ! b[l4 ,! circul> =m is mo/ common 9 ! examples f\nd 9 ,engl&1 & ! disc is ei!r ornam5t$ ) *amplev enamel#ceg or ) pi]c+s1 giv+ a cruci=m appe>ance4#ceh #ceg ,z 9 ! specim5s f ,b>la/on1 ,/af=d%ire2 ,*e/]ton-on-!-,fossway1 ,w>wick%ire2 ,b>r+ton1 ,cambridge%ire2 ,cro/hwaite1 ,cumb]l&2 ,middleton ,moor1 ,d]by%ire2 ,ox=d2 & ,gre5wi*4 #ceh ,z 9 ! specim5s f ,wilton1 ,wilts2 & ,fav]%am1 ,k5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,enamell$ ,h&le ( ,bronze ,b[l f ,*e/]ton-on-,fossway1 ,w>wick%ire ,n[ 9 ! ,w>wick ,museum4 ,scale #a_/a l9e> ,! e>lie/ ( ! s]ies f ,b>la/on1 ,/af=d%ire1 n[ 9 ! possession ( ,miss ,w$gwood1 has ?ree h&les all alike1 ornam5t$ ) discs ( enamel1 ! designs on :i* are di/9ctly ,late-,celtic 9 /yle1 & consi/ ( small circles connect$ by ,c- & ,s-%ap$ curves4 ,9 ! case ( ! enamell$ h&les ( ! o!r specim5s1 closely coil$ spirals ( ! ,bronze ,age type take ! place ( ! circles1 & by ?is trifl+ alt]ation ! "* ( ! design is s completely *ang$ z to be almo/ id5tical ) ! spiral decoration ( ! ,book ( ,durr[ & o!r ,iri% ,,mss4 ( ! same p]iod4 ,we see "h exactly :5 & h[ ! flamboyant ornam5t ( ,pagan ,celtic art became trans=m$ into ! spiralwork ( ! ,*ri/ian illum9at$ ,,mss4 :i* 0 aft]w>ds appli$ to ! decoration ( ! sculptur$ crosses & ecclesia/ical metalwork4 ,! circum/ances "u :i* ! b[ls h be5 f\nd %[ t !y belong to ! ,pagan ,saxon p]iod betwe5 ,a4,d4 #dej & #fjj4 ,illu/ration3 ,spiral ,ornam5t f ! ,book ( ,durr[ ,9 ! museum ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies at ,burl+ton ,h\se !re is ! ca/ ( an object f ! collection ( ,mr4 ,alb]t ,way1 ! well-kn[n antiqu>y1 :i* exhibits a curi\s mixture ( /yles4 ,:]e ! orig9al is1 or :]e x came f1 is un=tunately n kn[n1 b x has e appe>ance ( hav+ be5 ( metal4 ,9 ! middle ( ! object is a squ>e panel ( triangul> pi]c$ "w1 exactly l t on ! cov] ( ! ,/[e ,missal#cei 7made ,a4,d4 #ajbc to #ajeb72 :il/ at ea* ( ! r\nd$ ends are curv$ designs ) trumpet-%ap$ expansions ( pron\nc$ ,late-,celtic type4 ,plaitwork1 :i* is1 ( c\rse1 "o ( ! lead+ motives ( ,celtic art ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod1 occurs occasionally 9 association ) ,pagan flamboyant ornam5t1 z on a broo* f ! ,ardakill5#cfj crannog1 ne> ,/oke/[n1 ,co4 ,roscommon 7n[ 9 ! ,dubl9 ,museum71 & on a gold armlet f ,rhayad]1#cfa ,radnor%ire 7n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum74 ,among/ objects belong+ to ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,celtic p]iod be=e ,a4,d4 #fjj1 may probably be class$ ! leaf-%ap$ silv] plates engrav$ ) symbols f ,norrie's ,law1#cfb ,=f>%ire1 & ! t]m9al l9k ( a silv] *a91 also engrav$ ) symbols1 f ,craw=djohn1#cfc ,lan>k%ire 7all 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum ( ,antiquities74 ,! hamm]-head$ p9s also1 a li/ ( :i* has already be5 giv5 7p4 #ajh71 seem1 f ! enamell$ designs ^u !m1 to belong to ! transitional p]iod betwe5 ,celtic ,paganism & ,*ri/ianity4 #cei ,miss ,m4 ,/okes' ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art 9 ,irel&1 p4 #ib4 ,! ,/[e ,missal is 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,r4,i4,a4 at ,dubl94 #cfj ,sir ,w4 ,wilde's ,catal4 ,mus4 ,r4,i4,a41 p4 #efi4 #cfa ,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 s]4 #e1 vol4 xvi41 p4 #bfa4 #cfb ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,times1 #bnd s]41 p4 #ch4 #cfc ,ibid41 p4 #dd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,ca/ ,,( ,,metal ,,object 7,,locality ,,unkn[n7 ,,f ,,! ,,alb]t ,,way ,,collection2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,museum ,,( ,,! ,,society ,,( ,,antiqu>ies1 ,,burl+ton ,,h\se1 ,,london ,illu/ration3 ,,cov] ,,( ,,! ,,/[e ,,missal ,,9 ,,! ,,museum ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,iri% ,,academy1 ,,dubl9 7,a4,d4 #ajbc ,,to #ajeb7 ,al?\gh1 z we h j se51 ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity into ,brita9 did n imm$iately affect ! native ,pagan art to any appreciable ext5t1 yet z soon z ! ,saxons 7 conv]t$ & communication ) ! ,cont95t became easi] & !re=e m frequ5t1 an entirely new /yle ( decoration came into exi/5ce ) extraord9>y rapidity4 ,! flamboyant designs ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod 7 modifi$ by comb9+ !m ) ! closely coil$ spiral ( ! ,bronze ,age1 & sev]al new motives1 su* z int]lac$-"w1 key-patt]ns1 zomorphs1 & foliage1 7 introduc$ f =eign s\rces4 ,at ! same "t a complete revolution took place 9 ! class ( objects to ! decoration ( :i* ! skill ( ! artific] 0 appli$4 ,! prie/ took ! place ( ! w>rior z ! patron ( ! f9e arts1 & monopolis$ all ! available "t ( ! metalwork] & enamell] 9 mak+ beautiful vessels = ! s]vice ( ! *ur*4 ,!n1 too1 ) ,*ri/ianity came ! art ( writ+ & illum9at+ ecclesia/ical ,,mss41 :i* 0 unkn[n to ! ,pagan ,celt4 ,! influ5ce ( ! draughtsman ^u o!r arts 0 n[ possible = ! fir/ "t1 & ! introduction ( ,,mss4 soon work$ f>-rea*+ *anges4 ,fre% motives c\ld be m easily transf]r$ f "o art c5tre to ano!r1 & decorative designs c\ld be comb9$ & elaborat$ 9 a way t 0 impossible :5 work+ 9 su* intractable mat]ials z metal or /one in/ead ( draw+ on p>*m5t ) a facile p54 ,! new ,celtic /yle ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod soon took a def9ite %ape1 & aft] ! patt]ns _h be5 fully develop$ 9 ! illum9at$ ,,mss4 !y 7 aft]w>ds appli$ to decorative "w 9 /one & metal4 ,,g5]al ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,mat]ials ,,available ,,= ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,celtic ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,p]iod ,,9 ,,great ,,brita9 ,! mat]ials available = ! /udy ( ,celtic ,art ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod may be divid$ into f\r classes1 namely3-- 7#a7 ,illum9at$ ,,mss4 7#b7 ,sculptur$ ,/ones4 7#c7 ,metalwork4 7#d7 ,lea!rwork1 ,woodwork1 & ,bonework4 ,! mo/ important collections ( ,iri% & ,hib]no-,saxon ,,mss4 9 ?is c\ntry are 9 ! libr>ies ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl92 ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 ,dubl92 & ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,london4 ,!re are o!r small] collections1 or 9 "s cases s+le volumes only1 9 ! ,univ]sity & ,college libr>ies ( ,ox=d & ,cambridge2 9 ! ,ca!dral libr>ies at ,durham1 ,li*field1 & ,h]e=d2 & 9 ! ,ar*iepiscopal libr>y at ,lambe?4 ,! *ief libr>ies on ! ,cont95t :i* are =tunate en\gh to possess specim5s ( ,iri% calligraphy & illum9ation 7ei!r acquir$ by pur*ase or /ill ! prop]ty ( mona/]ies orig9ally f\nd$ by ,iri% mission>ies7 are at ,/ockholm1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,p>is1 ,/4 ,gall & ,basle 9 ,switz]l&1 & at ,nuremb]g1 ,fulda1 & ,trves 9 ,g]many4 ,! ,iri% ,,mss4 f ! mona/]y f\nd$ by ,/4 ,columbanus 9 ,a4,d4 #fac at ,bobio1 9 ,pi$mont1 are di/ribut$ ov] ! libr>ies at ,milan1 ,tur91 & ,naples4 ,= descriptions & illu/rations ( ^! ,,mss4 ! read] may be ref]r$ to ,pr(4 ,j4 ,o4 ,we/wood's ,palographia ,pictoria ,sacra & ,m9iatures ( ! ,anglo-,saxon & ,iri% ,,mss42 ,c4 ,purton ,coop]'s ,report on ,rym]'s ,fd]a1 ,app5dix ,a1 ,sir ,h4 ,james' ,facsimiles ( ! ,national ,,mss4 ( ,irel&2 ,publications ( ! ,palographical ,society2 ,miss ,m>g>et ,/okes' ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art 9 ,irel&2 ,dr4 ,j4 ,/u>t's ,book ( ,de]1 publi%$ by ! ,spald+ ,club ( ,ab]de52 ,j4 ,a4 ,bruun's ,illum9at$ ,manuscripts ( ! ,middle ,ages2 & ,dr4 ,w4 ,reeve's pap] on 8,e>ly ,iri% ,calligraphy0 9 ! ,ul/] ,j\rnal ( ,ar*ology1 vol4 viii41 p4 #baj4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( ,iri% ,,mss4 select$ on acc\nt ( ! beauty ( _! illum9at$ pages3-- ,,gospels ,book ( ,l9disf>ne ,briti% ,museum 7,n]o ,d4 iv474 ,book ( ,kells ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl94 ,book ( ,durr[ ,ibid4 ,book ( ,armagh ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 ,dubl94 ,book ( ,/4 ,*ad ,li*field4 ,book ( ,mac,regol ,bodleian1 ,ox=d4 ,book ( ,mac,durnan ,lambe?4 ,book ( ,de] ,public ,libr>y1 ,cambridge4 ,codex ,no4 #ea ,/4 ,gall1 ,switz]l&4 ,gold5 ,gospels ,royal ,libr>y1 ,/ockholm4 ,gospels ,imp]ial ,libr>y1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,gospels ( ,/4 ,arn\l1 ,metz ,nuremb]g4 ,,psalt]s ,vespasian ,a4 i4 ,briti% ,museum4 ,vitellius ,f4 xi4 ,ibid4 ,psalt] ( ,/4 ,john's ,college ,cambridge4 ,psalt] ( ,ricem>*us ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl94 ,"s ( ! above ,,mss4 c be dat$ by means ( entries giv+ ! "n ( ! scribe or o!r p]son1 :o c be id5tifi$ by contempor>y or ne>ly contempor>y hi/orical record4 ,! olde/ ,,ms4 ) illum9ations 9 ! ,hib]no-,saxon /yle :i* c be ?us dat$ is ! ,l9disf>ne ,book4 ,x conta9s two entries writt5 9 an ,engli% h& ( ! t5? c5tury1 :i* %[ t ! volume 0 writt5 by ,eadfri?1 ,bi%op ( ,l9disf>ne2 t ?ilwold1 ,bi%op ( ,l9disf>ne1 made ! cov] = x2 t ,billfri?1 ! an*orite1 wr\ght ! metalwork = x2 & t ,aldr$1 ! prie/1 ov]-gloss$ x 9 ,engli% = ! love ( ,god & ,/4 ,cu?b]t4 ,eadfri? held ! see ( ,l9disf>ne f ,a4,d4 #fih to #gba1 & 0 !n succe$$ by ?ilwold1 :o held ! bi%opric ( ! isl& until 8 dea? 9 ,a4,d4 #gdj4 ,! ,book ( ,l9disf>ne1 !re=e1 mu/ h be5 writt5 ei!r dur+ ! la/ two ye>s ( ! sev5? c5tury or ! fir/ tw5ty-"o ye>s ( ! eigh? c5tury4 ,?is may be look$ ^u z ! />t+-po9t ( all ,hib]no-,saxon art1 & its orig9 may be fairly trac$ to ,l9disf>ne1 :]e ! ,scotic & ,anglo-,saxon s*ools 7 able to m+le1 ea* re9vigorat+ ! o!r to _! mutual advantage4 ,! ,book ( ,kells makes its fir/ appe>ance 9 hi/ory 9 ,a4,d4 #ajjf1 dur+ :i* ye> x is record$ 9 ! ,annals ( ! ,f\r ,ma/]s t ! ,great ,gospels ( ,columkille 0 /ol54 ,al?\gh ! "n ( ! scribe :o wrote & illum9at$ ?is book is unkn[n1 x is probable1 f ! /yle ( ! decoration & lett]+1 t x belongs to ab\t ! same p]iod z ! ,l9disf>ne ,book1 b some:at lat]1 z ! ,book ( ,kells conta9s foliage among/ ! ornam5t1 & is altoge!r m elaborate4 ,! ,book ( ,durr[ 0 writt5 by a scribe nam$ ,columba1 :o c h>dly h be5 ! celebrat$ ,sa9t ( t "n1 z 8 "t is f> too e>ly = x4 ,s9ce ! spiral patt]ns 9 ! ,book ( ,durr[ approximate m ne>ly to ! flamboyant designs ( ! ,pagan ,celtic metalwork ?an ^? 9 any o!r ,,ms41 x _c be dat$ lat] ?an ! eigh? c5tury4 ,! ,book ( ,/4 ,*ad %\ld m prop]ly be call$ ! ,book ( ,/4 ,teilo1 z x conta9s an entry /at+ t ! volume 0 pur*as$ by ,gelhi1 son ( ,arihtuid1 f ,c+al = 8 be/ horse1 & d$icat$ to ,god & ,/4 ,teilo4 ,be=e x 0 at ,li*field x lay on ! alt> ( ,teilo1 at ,ll&aff4 ,?is ,,ms4 has also a good claim to be ( ! eigh? c5tury4 ,! ,book ( ,armagh & ! ,gold5 ,gospels ( ,/ockholm are ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,! =m] 0 writt5 by ,f]domna*1 8a sage & *oice scribe ( ,armagh10 :o di$ 9 ,a4,d4 #hdd4 ,! ,/ockholm ,gospels conta9s a de$ ( gift1 :i* %[s t ! volume 0 b\ght by ! ,e>l lfr$ & ,wetburg 8 wife f a ,vik+1 & pres5t$ by !m to ! ,ca!dral ( ,cant]bury4 ,! de$ is sign$ by lfr$1 ,wetburg1 & _! daught] ,alhtry?1 :o h all be5 id5tifi$ by ! w ( lfr$1 :i* is atte/$ by ld]$1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury1 f ,a4,d4 #hga-i4 ,! ,gospels ( ,mac,regol also belongs to ! n9? c5tury1 if ! id5tification ( ! scribe :o wrote x ) 8,mac,riagoil nepos ,magl5i1 ,scriba et ,episcopus ,abbas ,biror0 c be reli$ ^u4 ,8 dea? is record$ 9 ! ,iri% ,annals "u ! ye> ,a4,d4 #hbj4 ,! ,gospels ( ,mac,durnan is ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,x has an inscription on "o ( ! blank pages ( ! ,,ms4 %[+ t ! book 0 ei!r writt5 =1 or 0 9 ! possession (1 ,maelbrigid ,mac,durnan1 & t x 0 giv5 by ,k+ ,a!l/an to ! city ( ,cant]bury4 ,maelbrigid ,mac,durnan 0 ,abbot ( ,d]ry 9 ! n9? c5tury1 & 0 aft]w>ds promot$ to ! see ( ,armagh 9 ,a4,d4 #ibg4 ,he di$ 9 ,a4,d4 #ibg4 ,a!l/an reign$ f ,a4,d4 #ibe to #ida4 ,! ,psalt] ( ,ricem>*us is ( ! elev5? c5tury4 ,x conta9s a ,lat9 poem1 f :i* we ga!r t ! book 0 writt5 by ,ricem>* ,sulg5son1 ) ! assi/ance ( ,i?ael1 8^: "n makes le>n+ gold510 & t ! initial lett]s 7 illum9at$ by ,john4 ,ricem>*1 or ,rhyddm>*1 succe$$ 8 fa!r ,sulg5 9 ! see ( ,/4 ,davids 9 ,a4,d4 #ajhi1 & di$ 9 ,a4,d4 #ajif4 ,! examples giv5 af=d a v good s]ies arrang$ 9 *ronological ord]1 %[+ ! modifications :i* ! /yle und]w5t 9 ! c\rse ( ! f\r c5turies betwe5 ,a4,d4 #fej & #ajej4 ,we are some:at sceptical z to !re hav+ be5 any f9e illum9at$ ,hib]no-,saxon ,,mss4 be=e ,a4,d4 #gjj2 b assum+ t !re may h be5 "s :i* are no long] 9 exi/5ce1 ! be/ p]iod is f ,a4,d4 #fej to #hej2 !n f ,a4,d4 #hej to #iej !re is a middle p]iod ( r inf]ior excell5ce2 &1 la/ly1 f ,a4,d4 #iej to #ajej a di/9ct p]iod ( decl9e :i* w5t on ) increas+ decad5ce = a c5tury or two aft] ! ,norman ,conque/4 ,! numb] ( illum9at$ pages 9 ! diff]5t ,,mss4 v>ies consid]ably1 sometimes because ! volumes are imp]fect1 b also because !y 7 less lavi%ly illu/rat$ 9 ! fir/ in/ance4 ,! illum9at$ pages 9 ! copies ( ! ,gospels are ( ! foll[+ k9ds3-- 7#a7 ,initial pages4 7#b7 ,ornam5tal or ,cross-pages4 7#c7 ,symbols ( ! ,evangeli/s4 7#d7 ,portraits ( ! ,evangeli/s4 7#e7 ,sc5es f ! ,life ( ,*ri/4 7#f7 ,tables ( ,eusebian ,canons4 ,z an in/ance ( a v completely illu/rat$ ,,ms4 ( ! ,gospels we may take ! ,l9disf>ne ,book1 :i* conta9s tw5ty-?ree full pages ( illum9ation z specifi$ bel[3-- ,f\r portraits ( ! ,evangeli/s ) _! ,symbols1 "o = ea* ,gospel4 ,five ornam5tal pages1 "o be=e ,/4 ,j]ome's ,epi/le & "o be=e ea* ,gospel4 ,six ,initial pages1 namely-- 8,novum opus10 comm5c+ ,/4 ,j]ome's ,epi/le4 8,lib] g5]ationis10 comm5c+ ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel4 8,,xpi autem g5]atio10 comm5c+ ! ,g5ealogy ( ,*ri/ 9 ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel4 8,initium ,evangelii10 comm5c+ ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel4 8,quoniam quidem10 comm5c+ ,/4 ,luke's ,gospel4 8,9 pr9cipio erat10 comm5c+ ,/4 ,john's ,gospel4 ,eight pages ( tables ( ,eusebian ,canons4 ,! ,book ( ,durr[ has sixte5 illum9at$ pages1 namely1 f\r ( ! ,symbols ( ! ,evangeli/s2 six ornam5tal pages1 "o at ! frontispiece1 "o be=e ! ,preface ( ,/4 ,j]ome1 & "o be=e ea* ,gospel2 & ! usual six initial pages4 ,! ,book ( ,kells is m pr(usely illu/rat$ ?an any o!r ,iri% ,,ms4 9 exi/5ce4 ,besides innum]able l>ge & small initials1 x conta9s ?ree portraits ( ! ,evangeli/s1 ?ree comb9$ symbols ( ! ,f\r ,evangeli/s1 ?ree sc5es f ! ,life ( ,*ri/--namely1 ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 ,*ri/ seiz$ by ! ,jews1 & ! ,temptation ( ,*ri/1 & eight pages ( ,eusebian ,canons4 ,! ,/4 ,gall ,gospels 7,codex ,no4 #ea7 has twelve full pages ( illum9ation1 namely1 f\r portraits ( ! ,evangeli/s1 five initial pages1 "o ornam5tal cross-page1 & two sc5es f ! ,life ( ,*ri/--! ,crucifixion & ,*ri/ 9 ,glory4 ,z an in/ance ( ! me?od ( illu/rat+ ! ,iri% ,,mss4 ( ! ,psalt] we may take ! "o 9 ! libr>y ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,?is has six illum9at$ pages1 namely-- 7#a7 8,beatus vir10 comm5c+ ! #a/ ,psalm4 7#b7 8,quid glori>is0 0 0 #ea/ 0 7#c7 8,dne exaudi0 0 0 #aja/ 0 7#d7 ,m9iature ( ! ,crucifixion4 7#e7 0 ,david & ,golia?4 7#f7 0 ,david & ! ,lion4 ,! ,vit4 ,f4 xi4 ,psalt] 9 ! ,briti% ,museum has two initial pages & two m9iatures1 namely1 ,david & ,golia?1 & ,david play+ ! h>p4 ,! ,vesp4 ,a4 i4 ,psalt] 9 ! ,briti% ,museum has only "o m9iature1 namely1 ,david play+ ! h>p2 b x has a great numb] ( extremely beautiful initial lett]s ornam5t$ ) spiralwork ( ! be/ quality4 ,figure subjects 7"o ( ,david & ! ,lion7 are introduc$ 9 ! initials ( ! #bf?1 #ebnd1 #fh?1 #ig?1 & #aji? ,psalms4 ,! details ( ! ornam5tal patt]ns 9 ! ,,mss4 w be dealt ) :5 we come to consid] ! lead+ *>act]i/ics ( ! /yle2 all t we ne$ d n[1 !re=e1 is to po9t out ! mann] 9 :i* ! patt]ns are di/ribut$4 ,! treatm5t ( ! m9iatures ( ! ,evangeli/s & ( ! sc5es f ! ,life ( ,*ri/ & ! ,life ( ,david is v simple2 ! picture is enclos$ )9 a rectangul> frame divid$ into panels1 ea* fill$ 9 ) a sep>ate piece ( ornam5t complete 9 itself4 ,sometimes1 z 9 ! case ( ! m9iatures ( ,*ri/ seiz$ by ! ,jews 9 ! ,book ( ,kells1 & ,david play+ ! h>p 9 ! ,vesp4 ,a4 i4 ,psalt]1 ! figures are plac$ b5ea? an ar* support$ by columns at ea* side4 ,! ar*itectural orig9 ( ! design is entirely conceal$ by conv]t+ ! columns & ! ar* into pieces ( flat ornam5t arrang$ 9 panels4 ,! pages ( ,eusebian ,canons are also treat$ ar*itecturally1 ! tables be+ plac$ "u arcad+ s disguis$ by ! incru/ations ( ornam5t z to be almo/ unrecognisable4 ,! initial pages ( ! ,gospels are only p>tially surr\nd$ by a rectangul> frame1 s z to all[ ! tops ( ! l>ge capital lett]s to project beyond ! frame into ! m>g94 ,! incomplete portion ( ! frame on ! "r side ( ! page is conv]t$ into a zomorph 9 a *>act]i/ically ,celtic mann] by add+ ! head ( a mon/] at ! top & a fi%-l tail at ! bottom4 ,! frame & ! l>g] initials )9 x are cov]$ ) panels ( ornam5t4 ,! pages ( ornam5t are g5]ally arrang$ 9 rectangul> panels1 s z to give ! appe>ance ( a cross2 or sometimes1 z 9 ! ,book ( ,durr[1 !re is a small equal-arm$ cross )9 a circle 9 ! middle ( ! page1 ! rema9d] ( :i* is entirely fill$ up ) ornam5t4 ,9 _m cases :]e ! m9iatures1 etc41 are surr\nd$ by a rectangul> frame ! out] m>g9s are ext5d$ & =m$ into ornam5tal knots at ea* ( ! f\r corn]s4 ,aft] ! ,celtic /yle ( decorative art ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod _h be5 fully develop$ 9 ! ,iri% & ,hib]no-,saxon illum9at$ ,,mss4 ( ! eigh? c5tury1 x 0 aft]w>ds appli$ to sculptur$ /onework 9 ! n9?1 t5?1 & elev5? c5turies4 ,!re are s few details ( pre-,norman ,celtic build+s#cfd :i* af=d examples ( ornam5tal sculpture t !y are h>dly wor? consid]+1 s t we ne$ only take cognisance ( ! sepul*ral & o!r monum5ts4 ,^! are ( ! foll[+ diff]5t k9ds3-- 7#a7 ,recumb5t cross-slabs4 7#b7 ,recumb5t hog-back$ & cop$ /ones4 7#c7 ,erect cross-slabs4 7#d7 ,erect :eel-crosses4 7#e7 ,erect free-/&+ crosses4 7#f7 ,erect pill> crosses1 ) %afts ( r\nd or squ>e cross-section4 #cfd ,! sculptur$ ar*itectural details ( ! ,r\nd ,t[]s & e>ly *ur*es 9 ,irel& & ,scotl& consi/ *iefly ( crosses or crucifixes ov] ! doorways & t]m9al heads4 ,! recumb5t cross-slabs are conf9$ almo/ exclusively to ,irel&1 al?\gh !re are "o or two 9 ,cornwall1 ,wales1 & ,scotl&4 ,mu* ! l>ge/ collection is at ,clonmacnois1 ,k+'s ,co41 :]e !re are n f> %ort ( #bjj sepul*ral cross-slabs ) inscriptions 9 ,iri% m9uscule lett]s1 giv+ ! "n ( ! deceas$ & reque/+ a pray] = 8 or h] s\l4 ,a consid]able numb] ( ! names on ! slabs h be5 id5tifi$ on suffici5tly satisfactory evid5ce1 ?us giv+ reliable dates = a s]ies arrang$ 9 *ronological ord]4 ,clonmacnois 0 f\nd$ by ,/4 ,ci>an 9 ,a4,d4 #eed1 b ! great] "p ( ! dat$ cross-slabs belong to ! n9?1 t5?1 & elev5? c5turies4 ,! e>lie/ ( ^! inscrib$ cross-slabs :i* exhibits any decorative features is t ( ,tua?gal1#cfe :o has be5 id5tifi$ ) ! sev5? abbot ( ,clonmacnois4 ,! dea? ( abbot ,tua?gal took place 9 ,a4,d4 #hjf4 ,!re are1 !re=e1 no ornam5tal cross-slabs at ,clonmacnois old] ?an ! beg9n+ ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,! be/ examples ( recumb5t cross-slabs ) ,celtic ornam5t 9 ,irel& to :i* reliable dates c be assign$ are ^? ( ,suib9e ,mc,mailhumai#cff at ,clonmacnois 7,a4,d4 #hhg71 & ,/4 ,b]e*tir#cfg at ,tullylease1 ,co4 ,cork4 ,! latt] is specially int]e/+ z hav+ ^u x a comb9ation ( int]lac$-"w1 key-patt]ns1 & spiral ornam5t4 #cfe ,petrie's ,*ri/ian ,inscriptions 9 ! ,iri% ,language1 vol4 i41 pl4 #ab1 ,no4 #bi4 #cff ,ibid41 vol4 i41 pl4 #ca1 ,no4 #hb4 #cfg ,ibid41 vol4 ii41 pl4 #cj4 ,illu/ration3 ,cross-slab f ,p5-,ar?ur1 ,pembroke%ire ,n[ 9 ,/4 ,david's ,ca!dral4 ,scale l9e> ,outside ! limits ( ,irel& !re are slabs ( ! same type1 b ( unkn[n date1 at ,camborne1#cfh ,cornwall2 ,p5-,ar?ur#cfi 7n[ 9 ,/4 ,david's ,ca!dral71 ,pembroke%ire2 & ,baglan1#cgj ,glamorgan%ire4 ,! recumb5t hog-back$ or cop$ /ones are m likely to be ( ,anglian or ,sc&9avian orig9 ?an ,celtic4 ,!y are mo/ common 9 ! nor? ( ,engl&2 !re are "o or two 9 ,wales1 & none 9 ,irel&4 ,z in/ances ( cop$ /ones ) ,celtic ornam5t we h ^? at ,meigle1#cga ,p]?%ire2 & ,lanivet1#cgb ,cornwall4 ,! erect cross-slabs are1 ) a few unimportant exceptions1 peculi> to ,scotl& & ! ,isle ( ,man4 ,!y are probably old] ?an ! free-/&+ crosses1 because ! erect cross-slabs are n treat$ ar*itecturally 7z ! high crosses ( ,irel& are71 b resemble m ne>ly ?an any?+ else ornam5tal pages f ! ,celtic illum9at$ ,,mss4 directly transf]r$ to /one ) h>dly any modification :atev] to suit ! requirem5ts ( ! new mat]ial to :i* ! decoration 0 appli$4 ,a p>ticul>ly good in/ance ( ?is is af=d$ by ! erect cross-slab at ,nigg1#cgc ,ross-%ire4 ,on "o side ( ! monum5t is a cross ) ! ornam5t arrang$ 9 rectangul> panels exactly z x is 9 ! cross-pages ( ! ,iri% ,gospels2 & on ! o!r a figure subject 7,david & ! ,lion7 surr\nd$ by a frame1 also divid$ into panels1 z 9 ^? ( ! m9iatures 9 ! ,book ( ,kells4 #cfh ,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 s]4 #e1 vol4 vi41 p4 #ceg4 #cfi ,pr(4 ,j4 ,o4 ,we/wood's ,lapid>ium ,walli1 pl4 #fj4 #cgj ,ibid41 pl4 #ad4 #cga ,dr4 ,j4 ,/u>t's ,sculptur$ ,/ones ( ,scotl&1 vol4 ii41 pl4 #aca4 #cgb ,a4 ,g4 ,langdon's ,old ,corni% ,crosses1 p4 #dab4 #cgc ,dr4 ,j4 ,/u>t's ,sculptur$ ,/ones ( ,scotl&1 vol4 i41 p4 #bh4 ,see also ca/s 9 ! ,s\? ,k5s+ton & ,ed9burgh ,museums4 ,illu/ration3 ,erect ,cross-,slab at ,/4 ,madoes1 ,p]?%ire ,scale _/ l9e> ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( "s ( ! be/ specim5s ( erect cross-slabs 9 ,scotl&3-- ,,nor!rn ,,pict-,,l& ,papil 7n[ at ,ed9burgh7 ,%etl&4 ,ulb/] 7n[ at ,?urso7 ,cai?ness4 ,f>r ,su!rl&4 ,golspie 0 ,hilton ( ,cadboll 7n[ at ,inv]gordon7 ,ross-%ire4 ,nigg 0 ,rosem>kie 0 ,%&wick 0 ,brodie ,elg9%ire4 ,=res 0 ,aboyne ,ab]de5%ire4 ,dyce 0 ,! ,maid5 ,/one 0 ,migvie 0 ,,s\!rn ,,pict-,,l& ,ab]lemno ,=f>%ire4 ,coss9s 0 ,f>nell 0 ,glamis 0 ,in*brayock 7n[ at ,montrose7 0 ,inv]g[rie 0 ,monifie? 7n[ at ,ed9burgh7 0 ,/4 ,vigeans 0 ,woodwray 7n[ at ,abbots=d7 0 ,/4 ,madoes ,p]?%ire4 ,meigle 0 ,rossie ,priory 0 ,dunfall&y 0 ,,dalriadic ,,scotl& ,ard*attan ,argyll%ire4 ,illu/ration3 ,,erect ,,cross-,,slab ,,9 ,,ab]lemno ,,*ur*y>d1 ,,=f>%ire ,john ,patrick ( ,ed9burgh1 photo4 ,illu/ration3 ,front ,illu/ration3 ,back ,cross at ,p5mon1 ,anglesey ,drawn by ,h>old ,hughes ,scale _/ l9e> ,! erect cross-slabs ( ! ,isle ( ,man %[ a mixture ( ,celtic & ,sc&9avian art1 b !re are a few :i* appe> to be purely ,celtic1 z1 = in/ance1 ^? at ,kirk ,maughold#cgd 7on ! village gre57 & at ,kirk ,bride4#cge ,! erect free-/&+ cross seems to h be5 evolv$ f ! erect cross-slab by remov+ "o "p ( ! backgr\nd ( ! cross aft] ano!r1 until at la/ no?+ b ! cross itself 0 left4 ,we see ! fir/ /age 9 ! ,papil /one f ,%etl&1 n[ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum ( ,antiquities4 ,"h ! top ( ! slab is r\nd$ to suit ! curve ( ! circle1 )9 :i* ! head ( ! cross is enclos$4 ,! :eel-cross comes next1 9 :i* ! portion ( ! backgr\nd ( ! cross on ea* side ( ! %aft is disp5s$ )1 z 9 ! specim5s at ,m>gam#cgf & ,llantwit ,major1#cgg bo? 9 ,glamorgan%ire4 ,!n ! ends ( ! arms ( ! cross are all[$ to project beyond ! circul> r+1 z at ,p5mon1#cgh ,anglesey4 ,la/ly1 ! portions ( ! backgr\nd ( ! cross betwe5 ! quadrants ( ! r+ & ! arms are pi]c$ "r ?r\gh ! slab1 ?us giv+ u ! 8f\r-hole0 cross ( ,cornwall#cgi & ! typical ,high ,cross ( ,irel&4#chj #cgd ,j4 ,g4 ,cumm+'s ,runic ,rema9s ( ! ,isle ( ,man4 #cge ,ibid4 #cgf ,pr(4 ,j4 ,o4 ,we/wood's ,lapid>ium ,walli1 pl4 #ae4 #cgg ,ibid41 pl4 #e4 #cgh ,ibid41 pl4 #hd4 #cgi ,a4 ,g4 ,langdon's ,old ,corni% ,crosses4 #chj ,h4 ,o',neill's ,anci5t ,crosses ( ,irel&4 ,we h us$ ! t]m 8:eel-cross0 to describe ! class ( monum5ts ) a r\nd head & a %aft ( less wid? ?an ! diamet] ( ! head r because x is conv5i5t ?an on acc\nt ( its appropriat5ess4 ,p]haps 8disc-cross0 w\ld be m accurate1 b 9 ord] to avoid confusion x may be z well to adh]e to ! t]m 8:eel-cross10 :i* has be5 adopt$ by previ\s writ]s on ! subject4 ,illu/ration3 ,great ,:eel-,cross ( ,conbel9 at ,m>gam ,abbey1 ,glamorgan%ire ,drawn by ,wor?+ton ,g4 ,smi? ,scale _/ l9e> ,! :eel-crosses are peculi> to ,wales1 ,cornwall1 & ! ,isle ( ,man1 !re be+ none ei!r 9 ,irel& or ,scotl&4 ,! :eel-crosses ( ,wales & ! ,isle ( ,man h r\nd heads ( l>ge diamet] & v %ort %afts2 ^? ( ,cornwall h heads ( mu* small] diamet] ) a tall] %aft4 ,! be/ examples ( :eel-crosses are at ,m>gam & ,llantwit ,major1 ,glamorgan%ire2 & at ,kirk ,braddan & ,lonan1 ,isle ( ,man4 ,! free-/&+ crosses1 9 :i* ! outl9e ( ! /one corresponds ) ! outl9e ( ! cross1 are ! mo/ highly develop$ type ( ,celtic sculptur$ monum5t ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod1 & are !re=e presumably ! late/1 ) ! exception ( ^? ( ! decad5t p]iod j be=e & aft] ! ,norman ,conque/4 ,! free-/&+ crosses %[ ! influ5ce ( ! ar*itect r ?an t ( ! monki% scribe :o embelli%$ ! e>ly ,iri% & ,hib]no-,saxon illum9at$ ,,mss4 ,! sculpture is less flat1 & ! m\ld+s r\nd ! panels ( ornam5t are m elaborate ?an on ! e>li] erect cross-slabs4 ,! free-/&+ crosses also1 in/ead ( be+ monoli?ic1 are con/ruct$ ( two or m sep>ate pieces ( /one fix$ toge!r by means ( mortice & t5on jo9ts4 ,9 ! l>g] ( ! ,high ,crosses ( ,irel& ! base =ms "o block1 ! %aft ano!r1 ! head a ?ird1 & sometimes ! top arm a f\r?4 ,illu/ration3 ,front ,illu/ration3 ,back ,cross at ,neuadd ,si>man1 ne> ,buil?1 ,brecknock%ire ,scale _/ l9e> ,! ,high ,crosses ( ,irel& are 9 mo/ cases associat$ ) a *>act]i/ic set ( ecclesia/ical /ructures consi/+ ( a ,r\nd ,t[] & sev]al small *ur*es4 ,?is class ( monum5t consequ5tly belongs to ! "t :5 ! arti/ic tal5ts ( ! ,celtic monks1 :i* _h be5 previ\sly entirely absorb$ 9 illum9at+ ,,mss41 0 direct$ into ! new *annel ( ar*itecture4 ,! ,high ,cross ( ,muir$a*#cha at ,mona/]boice1 ,co4 ,l\?1 & t ( ,k+ ,fl&#chb at ,clonmacnois1 ,k+'s ,co41 are prov$ by ! inscriptions ^u !m to h be5 erect$ dur+ ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,!re is su* a g5]al family lik5ess betwe5 mo/ ( ! ,high ,crosses ( ,irel& t !y are probably all ( ab\t ! same date4 ,!re is a peculi>ity 9 ! design ( "s ( ! ,high ,crosses ( ,irel& :i* %\ld n pass unnotic$1 namely1 ! semicircul> projection 9 ea* ( ! f\r holl[s betwe5 ! arms4#chc ,9 a /one cross ^! projections h no use or mean+1 b 9 ! metal crosses ( ! same p]iod projections ( ?is k9d s]ve to disguise ! rivets by means ( :i* ! metal plates on ea* side ( ! cross are held toge!r4#chd ,f ?is x w\ld appe> t ! art ( ! work] 9 metal to "s ext5t influ5c$ ! sculptors by :om ! /one crosses 7 made4 ,"s ( ! ,corni% crosses h triangul> projections 9 a simil> position1 giv+ an appe>ance n unlike ! cusp+ 9 ,go?ic w9d[ trac]y4 #cha ,petrie's ,*ri/ian ,inscriptions 9 ! ,iri% ,language1 vol4 ii41 p4 #ff4 #chb ,ibid41 vol4 i41 p4 #dc4 #chc ,z on ! crosses at ,mona/]boice1 ,co4 ,l\?1 & ,durr[1 ,k+'s ,co4 #chd ,z on ! ,cross ( ,cong 9 ! ,dubl9 ,museum1 & on ! pectoral cross ( ,/4 ,cu?b]t 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,durham ,ca!dral4 ,illu/ration3 ,cross at ,nev]n1 ,pembroke%ire ,scale _/ l9e> ,! free-/&+ crosses ( ,wales & ,cornwall diff] f ^? ( ,irel& 9 hav+ heads ( mu* small] diamet] 9 proportion to ! height ( ! %aft1 & bases are ! exception r ?an ! rule4 ,9 ! ,wel% & ,corni% crosses figure-sculpture is made altoge!r subord9ate to ornam5t1 :il/ 9 ! ,iri% crosses exactly ! rev]se is ! case4 ,! fronts & backs ( ! ,iri% crosses1 & sometimes ! sides also1 are entirely cov]$ ) panels ( symbolical figure subjects =m+ a cycle1 :i* does n occur 9 ! illum9at$ ,,mss41 al?\gh evid5tly borr[$ f a ,byzant9e s\rce4 ,! subord9ation ( ornam5t to figure subjects on ! ,iri% crosses %[s t !y are fur!r remov$ f ! ,,mss4 ?an ! ,wel%1 ,corni%1 & ,scotti% crosses1 & !re=e ( lat] date4 ,! free-/&+ crosses ( ,scotl& seem to belong to ! ,iri% gr\p4 ,! foll[+ li/ gives ! be/ examples ( free-/&+ crosses3-- ,,irel& ,kells ,co4 ,mea?4 ,mona/]boice ,co4 ,l\?4 ,t]monfe*9 ,co4 ,l\?4 ,clonmacnois ,k+'s ,co4 ,durr[ ,k+'s ,co4 ,ca/le ,d]mot ,co4 ,kild>e4 ,moone ,abbey ,co4 ,kild>e4 ,kilklispe5 ,co4 ,kilk5ny4 ,kilf5ora ,co4 ,cl>e4 ,drumcliff ,co4 ,sligo4 ,,scotl& ,iona ,argyll%ire4 ,kildalton ,islay4 ,b>ro*an ,r5frew%ire4 ,duppl9 ,p]?%ire4 ,,wales ,p5mon ,anglesey4 ,ma5 ,a*yfan ,fl9t%ire4 ,neuadd ,si>man ,brecknock%ire4 ,llanbad>n ,fawr ,c>digan%ire4 ,llantwit ,major ,glamorgan%ire4 ,m>gam 0 ,c>ew ,pembroke%ire4 ,nev]n 0 ,p5ally 0 ,! %afts ( ! erect free-/&+ crosses :i* h j be5 describ$ are rectangul> 9 section1 b !re are a few exceptional monum5ts ) %afts ( squ>e section or ( r\nd section1 or p>tly ( squ>e & p>tly ( r\nd section4 ,z an in/ance ( a cross ( squ>e section we h ! "o at ,ll&\gh1 ,glamorgan%ire4 ,at ,llantwit ,major1 9 ! same c\nty1 is a cyl9drical pill> ) a v]tical groove d[n "o side ( x1 ! use ( :i* has caus$ mu* futile speculation among/ antiqu>ies4 ,! pill> ( ,eliseg at ,valle ,crucis1 ,d5bigh%ire1 is r\nd at ! bottom & squ>e at ! top1 ?us correspond+ 9 %ape to a well-kn[n type ( monum5t :i* is common 9 ,m]cia4 ,^! r\nd pill> crosses usually occur 9 pairs4 ,!re are a few unique monum5ts t _c be class$ ) any ( ^? already describ$1 su* z ! ornam5t$ /one c(f9 at ,govan1 ,r5frew%ire1 & ! alt> tomb at ,/4 ,&rews1 ,fife%ire4 ,descriptions & illu/rations ( ne>ly all ! monum5ts m5tion$ w be f\nd 9 ,dr4 ,j4 ,/u>t's ,sculptur$ ,/ones ( ,scotl& 7publi%$ by ! ,spald+ ,club ( ,ab]de572 ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son & ,j4 ,r4 ,all5's ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,monum5ts ( ,scotl& 7publi%$ by ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies ( ,scotl&72 ,r4 ,c4 ,graham's ,c>v$ ,/ones ( ,islay2 ,h4 ,o',neill's ,sculptur$ ,crosses ( ,anci5t ,irel&2 ,dr4 ,petrie's ,*ri/ian ,inscriptions 9 ! ,iri% ,language 7publi%$ by ! ,r4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ( ,irel&72 ,miss ,m4 ,/okes' ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art 9 ,irel&2 ,pr(4 ,j4 ,o4 ,we/wood's ,lapid>ium ,walli2 ,a4 ,g4 ,langdon's ,old ,corni% ,crosses2 ,j4 ,g4 ,cumm+'s ,runic ,rema9s ( ! ,isle ( ,man4 ,! ,celtic metalwork ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod may be arrang$ "u ! foll[+ heads3-- ,bells4 ,book-%r9es4 ,crozi]s4 ,relic %r9es4 ,*alices4 ,plaques = book-cov]s4 ,processional crosses4 ,p5annul> broo*es4 ,bell-%r9es4 ,hamm]-head$ p9s4 ,) a few exceptions all ! exi/+ specim5s are n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy 9 ,dubl91 ! ,national ,museum ( ,antiquities ( ,scotl& 9 ,ed9burgh1 & ! ,briti% ,museum 9 ,london4 ,ecclesia/ical bells are ( two diff]5t k9ds1 namely1 7#a7 portable bells1 suffici5tly light to be c>ri$ 9 ! h&2 & 7#b7 fix$ bells1 ^: weight r5d]s a truss$ framework ( wood necess>y = _! support4 ,ea* k9d ( bell c be rung 9 two sep>ate ways1 namely1 7#a7 by hold+ ! bell /ation>y & /rik+ x on ! outside ) a hamm]2 or 7#b7 by provid+ ! bell ) a tongue1 or clapp]1 susp5d$ f ! inside & sw++ ! bell backw>ds & =w>ds1 s z to cause ! clapp] to /rike aga9/ ! int]ior & ?us produce s\nd4 ,! me?od ( bell-r++ by means ( a hamm] is frequ5tly illu/rat$ 9 ! illum9at$ psalt]s ( ! ?irte5? & f\rte5? c5turies1 & is also to be se5 on ! sculptur$ capitals 9 ! ,abbey ( ,/4 ,george's de ,bos*]ville1#che 9 ,norm&y4 ,! great bells ( ! ,kreml9 at ,mosc[1 & 9 o!r ,greek *ur*es ?r\gh\t ,russia1 are rung 9 ?is fa%ion4 ,portable bells ) clapp]s h a h&le at ! top1 by :i* !y c be swung backw>ds & =w>ds 9 ! h&1 9 ! mann] depict$ ^u ! ,bayeux ,tape/ry4#chf ,fix$ bells ) clapp]s h loops at ! top = susp5sion by iron b&s to a horizontal wood5 axle or rock+ b> work+ 9 be>+s support$ on a truss$ framework ( timb]1 usually )9 a masonry t[]4 ,! requir$ rock+ motion is giv5 by a lev] & rope or a groov$ :eel & rope4 ,! bells us$ 9 ! ,celtic ,*ur* seem to h belong$ exclusively to ! class ( portable bells rung by h&4 ,dur+ ! e>li] p]iod ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ,irel&1 :5 ! monks liv$ toge!r 9 small isolat$ communities1 bells :i* 7 int5d$ to c>ry s\nd to a great di/ance w\ld be unnecess>y1 s t ! abs5ce ( belfries 9 connection ) ! primitive dry-built /one oratories ( ! six? & sev5? c5turies is easily expla9$4 ,:51 h[ev]1 at a lat] p]iod1 ! congregations became l>g] & m widely scatt]$1 ! l(ty t[] s]v$ a useful purpose 9 greatly increas+ ! area ov] :i* ! s\nd ( ! bell c\ld be he>d4 #che ,didron's ,annales ,ar*ologiques1 vol4 vi41 p4 #cae4 #chf ,f4 ,r4 ,f[ke's ,bayeux ,tape/ry1 pl4 #ca4 ,! comm5cem5t ( ! build+ ( belfries 9 ,irel& co9cides ) ! introduction ( ,lomb>do-,byzant9e ar*itecture into t c\ntry1 & ! ,iri% r\nd t[] is obvi\sly no?+ m ?an a local v>iety ( ! ,italian campanile4 ,! ,vik+ invasions at ! same "t gave an additional impetus to ! erection ( /ructures :i* c\ld be us$ n only = ecclesia/ical purposes1 b also z wat*-t[]s to detect ! approa* ( ! enemy1 z bell-t[]s to al>m ! neighb\rhood1 & z t[]s ( def5ce to secure ! lives & prop]ty ( ! congregation4 ,! fact t ! ,iri% r\nd t[]s are call$ by ! "n ( cloicc!c1 or bell-h\se1 9 ! anci5t annals is suffici5t pro( !y 7 us$ z belfries1 b x does n appe> to be kn[n :e!r ! bells 7 rung by sw++ 9 ! h& or fix$ to a framework & swung on pivots4 ,at any rate1 no ,iri% bells ( ?is p]iod 7,a4,d4 #hjj to #ajjj7 h surviv$ except ! portable h&-bells4 ,if any me*anical appliance 0 employ$ = bell-r++ 9 ! ,iri% r\nd t[]s x 0 probably con/ruct$ by fix+ an ord9>y h&-bell to a horizontal axle-b> ( wood or iron1 work+ 9 two be>+s1 & swung backw>ds & =w>ds by means ( a rock+ lev] ) a rope atta*$ to x1 z is done 9 _m village *ur*es at ! pres5t day4 ,! l>ge1 heavy metal bells made specially ) a view to be+ fix$ 9 a t[] & rung by a groov$ :eel & cord belong to a mu* lat] p]iod1 aft] ! ,norman ,conque/1 :5 ! art ( mak+ ca/+s 9 bronze ( great size _h be5 le>nt4 ,! portable bell ( ! e>ly ,celtic ,*ur* is m]ely an ord9>y cattle bell1#chg su* z w\ld1 no d\bt1 be common 9 ,pagan times1 adapt$ to ecclesia/ical purposes & slightly modifi$ to suit ! requirem5ts ( ! monks4 ,x diff]s h>dly at all1 except z reg>ds size1 f ! common %eep-bell /ill to be f\nd 9 _m p>ts ( ,engl&4 ,dr4 ,joseph ,&]son t]sely sums up ! peculi>ities ( ! ,celtic ecclesia/ical bell1 z reg>ds its mat]ial1 manufacture1 =m1 & size1 9 8 ,scotl& 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,times 7fir/ s]ies71 p4 #ahc1 some:at z foll[s3-- #chg ,probably ! e>lie/ repres5tation ( a c[-bell 9 ,great ,brita9 is on ! pre-,norman cross at ,f[lis ,we/]1 ne> ,crieff1 ,p]?%ire4 7#a7 ,mat]ial--iron coat$ ) bronze4 7#b7 ,manufacture--hamm]$ & rivet$2 coat+ ( bronze put on by means ( a process analog\s to t9n+4 7#c7 ,=m--tall1 n>r[1 tap]+1 f\r-sid$2 ends flatt5$2 sides bulg$4 7#d7 ,size--portable2 provid$ ) h&le s z to be easily swung by h&4 ,! orig9al home ( ecclesia/ical bells ( ?is type 0 9 ,irel&1 :]e !re are /ill ! greate/ numb] 9 exi/5ce1 & !nce !y spread to ,scotl&1 ,wales1 ,engl&1 ,brittany1 ,france1 & ,switz]l&4 ,! l>ge/ iron bell ( ?is k9d is pres]v$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,birnie1 ne> ,elg91 ,n4,b4 ,x is #a foot #b in*es high1 & #g in*es by #e in*es at ! bottom1 tap]+ to #d in*es by #c in*es at ! top4 ,x is rivet$ d[n ea* ( ! n>r[ sides ) f\r rivets1 & ! h&le is fix$ to ! top by f\r mu* small] rivets4 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 ! height ( su* bells r>ely exce$s #a foot or is less ?an #h in*es4 ,! ,celtic ecclesia/ical bell ( wr\ght-iron 0 aft]w>ds copi$ 9 ca/ bronze4 ,x is reasonable to suppose t ! bronze bells are ( lat] date ?an ^? ( iron 7#a7 because ! rectangul> %ape is useless & mean+less 9 ! case ( a bronze bell1 & results f copy+ an iron bell1 9 :i* ! rectangul> %ape is necessitat$ by its me?od ( con/ruction2 7#b7 because ! bronze bells are ( m ref9$ %ape & bett] manufacture ?an ^? ( iron2 & 7#c7 because ! bronze bells are 9 _m cases ornam5t$4 ,celtic ecclesia/ical bells ( ca/ bronze may be divid$ into ! foll[+ classes3-- 7#a7 ,bronze bells )\t ornam5t4 7#b7 ,bronze bells )\t ornam5t1 b inscrib$4 7#c7 ,bronze bells ) ornam5t$ h&les4 7#d7 ,bronze bells ) ornam5t$ bodies4 ,examples ( ,celtic quadrangul> bells ( ca/ bronze )\t ornam5t h be5 record$ at ! foll[+ places3-- ,,wales-- ,llanrhyddlad1 ,anglesey 7,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 #d? s]41 vol4 ii41 p4 #bge74 ,llangy/5yn1 ,c>n>von%ire2 n[ 9 ! ,p[ysl& ,museum at ,wel%pool 7,montgom]y%ire ,collections1 vol4 xxv41 p4 #cbg74 ,,scotl&-- ,eilean ,f9an1 ,lo* ,%iel1 ,argyll%ire 7,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,times1 #a/ s]41 p4 #aih74 ,in%1 ne> ,k+ussie1 ,inv]ness-%ire 7,ibid41 p4 #aie74 ,little ,dunkeld1 ,p]?%ire 7,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,scot41 vol4 xxiii41 p4 #aai74 ,=teviot1 ,p]?%ire 7,ibid41 vol4 xxvi41 p4 #dcd74 ,,irel&-- ,g>ton1 ,co4 ,donegal 7,rev4 ,h4 ,t4 ,ellacombe's ,*ur* ,bells ( ,devon--,supplem5t1 p4 #cdb74 ,l[] ,badony1 ,co4 ,tyrone 7,ibid41 p4 #cdd74 ,scatt]y ,isl&1 ,co4 ,cl>e2 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,ibid41 p4 #cdd74 ,kilbroney1 ,ro/revor1 ,co4 ,d[n 7,r4 ,wel*1 photo4 ,no4 #a1icb2 ,j\r4 ,r4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ( ,irel&1 vol4 xxxiii41 ,p4 #ee74 ,kilma9ham 7,j\r4 ,r4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ( ,irel&1 #e? s]41 vol4 x41 p4 #da74 ,cappagh1 ,co4 ,tyrone 7,j\r4 ,r4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ( ,irel&1 vol4 xxxiii41 p4 #eb74 ,drumragh1 ,co4 ,tyrone 7,ibid41 vol4 xxxiii41 p4 #ed74 ,,france-- ,g\li51 ,f9i/re 7,ibid41 #e? s]41 vol4 viii41 p4 #afg74 ,z has already be5 po9t$ out1 ! bells ( ca/ bronze are copies 9 ano!r mat]ial ( ! wr\ght-iron bells1 ! quadrangul> =m ( :i* _h its orig9 9 ! me?od ( con/ruction out ( a ?9 %eet ( metal ) rivet$ jo9ts be+ /ill adh]$ to 9 ! bronze bell1 :]e jo9ts 7 n requir$4 ,! only diff]5ce 9 ! %ape ( ! iron & ! bronze bells is t ! latt] h 9 mo/ cases a flange1 or an expansion & ?ick5+ ( ! metal r\nd ! m\?4 ,! h&les v>y f ^? :i* are almo/ rectangul> to ^? :i* are q r\nd4 ,! bell /ill pres]v$ 9 ! *ur* at ,in%1 ne> ,k+ussie1 ,inv]ness-%ire1 may be tak5 z a fair sample ( ! ,celtic quadrangul> bell ( ca/ bronze )\t ornam5t4 ,x is #aj in*es high1 & measures #i in*es by #g in*es at ! m\?4 ,! h&le is oval & ! m\? exp&$4 ,! rema9+ bells ( ! same class v>y f #d in*es to #aa in*es 9 height1 ) _! o!r dim5sions 9 proportion4 ,!re are ?ree ,celtic quadrangul> bells ( ca/ bronze )\t ornam5t1 b inscrib$1 at ! foll[+ places3-- ,,irel&-- ,clogh]1 ,co4 ,tyrone 7,h4 ,t4 ,ellacombe's ,*ur* ,bells ( ,devon--,supplem5t1 p4 #cfi74 ,armagh2 n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,r4,i4,a4 at ,dubl9 7,m4 ,/okes' ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art 9 ,irel&1 p4 #fe74 ,,brittany-- ,/ival 7,mmoires de l',in/itut ,impriale de ,france2 ,acadmie des ,inscriptions et ,belles-,lettres1 vol4 xxiv41 pt4 ii41 p4 #chg74 ,! bell ( ,clogh] is inscrib$1 9 "o horizontal l9e1 ) ,roman capital lett]s-- ,,patrici ,! bell ( ,armagh is inscrib$1 9 ?ree horizontal l9es1 ) ,hib]no-,saxon m9uscules-- oroit ar *u masca* ailello 8 ,a pray] = ,cumasca*1 son ( ,ailell40 ,! bell ( ,/ival is inscrib$1 9 "o v]tical l9e1 ) ,c>lov+ian m9uscules-- pirtur ficifti 8,pirtur made ?is0 7874 ,or1 accord+ to ! ,vicomte ,h]s>t de la ,villem>qu3 pir turfic is ti 8,sweet-s\nd+ art ?\40 ,! ,cumasca* m5tion$ on ! bell ( ,armagh 0 probably ! /ew>d ( ,armagh1 :o1 accord+ to ! ,annals ( ! ,f\r ,ma/]s1 di$ 9 ,a4,d4 #ijd1 ?us fix+ ! date ( at lea/ "o ( ! bells ( ?is class4 ,celtic quadrangul> bells ( ca/ bronze ) ornam5t$ h&les exi/ at ! foll[+ places3-- ,,wales-- ,llangwynodl1 ,c>n>von%ire2 n[ 9 ! possession ( ,w4 ,c4 ,yale-,jones-,p>ry1 ,esq41 ( ,madryn ,ca/le1 ,pwllheli1 ,c>n>von%ire 7,ar*ologia ,cambr5sis1 #a/ s]41 vol4 iv41 p4 #afg2 & #d? s]41 vol4 ii41 p4 #bgd74 ,,scotl&-- ,/ra?fillan 7,bell ( ,/4 ,fillan71 ,p]?%ire2 n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum at ,ed9burgh 7,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,times1 #a/ s]41 p4 #ahf74 ,,irel&-- ,lorrha 7,bell ( ,/4 ,ruadhan71 ,co4 ,tipp]>y2 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,h4 ,t4 ,ellacombe's ,*ur* ,bells ( ,devon--,supplem5t1 p4 #cdd74 ,,france-- ,/4 ,pol de ,lon 7,bell ( ,/4 ,m]iadec7 7,rohault de ,fleury's ,la ,messe1 vol4 vi41 pl4 ,,cdxviii42 ,ellacombe1 p4 #chc74 ,! ornam5t on ! h&les is ( two k9ds--zomorphic & phyllomorphic4 ,! =m] consi/s ( ! head ( a bea/ at ea* end ( ! loop h&le :]e x jo9s ! body ( ! bell1 & ! latt] ( a leaf 9 ! same position4 ,! bell ( ,llangwynodl#chh has a good typical example ( a zomorphic h&le1 & ! bell ( ,/4 ,pol de ,lon is ! only "o ) leaf t]m9ations to ! h&le4 ,! ,llangwynodl bell is #e in*es high1 & measures #f in*es by #d in*es across ! m\?2 & ! ,/4 ,pol de ,lon bell is #i in*es high1 & measures #f in*es across ! m\?4 ,/4 ,fillan's bell is #a foot high1 & ,/4 ,ruadhan's bell only #b in*es or #c in*es high4 #chh ,we are indebt$ to ,mr4 ,w4 ,corbet ,yale-,jones-,p>ry1 ( ,madryn ,ca/le1 ,pwllheli1 ! pres5t own] ( ! ,bell1 = p]mission to reproduce ! photograph4 ,celtic quadrangul> bells ( ca/ bronze ) ornam5t$ bodies exi/ at ! foll[+ places3-- ,,irel&-- ,l\gh ,l5e ,ca/le1 ,co4 ,we/mea?2 n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,r4,i4,a4 at ,dubl92 ,bangor1 ,co4 ,d[n 7,ul/] ,j\rnal ( ,ar*ology1 vol4 i41 p4 #agi2 ,ellacombe1 p4 #cdj74 ,ca%el2 n[ at ,ad>e ,manor 7,lady ,dunrav5's ,memorials ( ,ad>e ,manor1 p4 #aeb2 ,ellacombe1 p4 #cdj74 ,by ! c\rtesy ( ,mr4 ,george ,c(fey1 ,m4,r4,i4,a41 ( ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 we are able to illu/rate ! bell f ,l\gh ,l5e ,ca/le4 ,x is #a foot #a in*es high1 includ+ ! h&le1 & measures #h in*es by #g in*es across ! m\?4 ,! %ape ( ! body ( ! bell resembles t ( ! iron quadrangul> bells1 b exhibits mu* great] ref9em5t 9 ! delicate & almo/ imp]ceptible curves ( ! sides4 ,! h&le is semicircul>4 ,! cross ( ! well-kn[n ,iri% type1 ) a bord] ( key-patt]n bel[1 r\nd ! m\? ( ! bell1 on "o ( ! bord] faces2 & a bord] ( angul> int]lac$-"w 9 a simil> position on ea* ( ! n>r[] faces4 ,! bell ( ,bangor 0 f\nd at ! place ( t "n1 9 ,co4 ,l\?1 & 0 subsequ5tly 9 ! possession ( ,dr4 ,/eph5son1 ( ,belfa/4 ,x n[ belongs to ,colonel ,mac,cance1 ( ,knocknagoney ,h\se1 ,holywood1 ,co4 ,d[n4#chi ,x is #a foot #b in*es high1 & measures #i in*es by #h in*es across ! m\?4 #chi ,mr4 ,r4 ,wel*1 ( ,belfa/1 tells me t x is kept 9 a fire-pro( safe1 & t ov] #cjj 0 refus$ = x4 ,?is bell is also ornam5t$ ) a cross & key-patt]ns1 l ! "o j describ$1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t ! cross is n comb9$ ) a circul> r+1 & ! design ( ! key-patt]n is n q ! same4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,bell ,,) ,,engrav$ ,,ornam5t ,,f ,,l\gh ,,l5e ,,ca/le1 ,,co4 ,,we/mea?1 ,,9 ,,! ,,museum ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,iri% ,,academy ,! bell ( ,ca%el 0 f\nd at ! place ( t "n1 9 ,co4 ,tipp]>y1 9 #ahdi1 & is n[ pres]v$ at ,"l ,dunrav5's h\se at ,ad>e ,manor1 ,co4 ,lim]ick4 ,x resembles ! bell ( ,bangor almo/ exactly1 except t !re are f\r r\nd dots 9 ! holl[s betwe5 ! arms ( ! cross4 ,! h&le is brok5 (f1 & )\t ?is ! bell is #a foot high4 ,its dim5sions across ! m\? are #i in*es by #f in*es4 ,^! ?ree bells are s ne>ly alike z reg>ds _! size1 %ape1 & ornam5tation t !y are probably all ! same date1 & may ev5 h be5 ! "w ( "o artific] 9 metal4 ,a peculi>ity occurs 9 ! key-patt]ns on ! bells f ,l\gh ,l5e ,ca/le & f ,bangor :i* may p]haps help to fix ! date4 ,x w be notic$ t ! squ>e spaces 9 ! middle ( ! key-patt]ns are fill$ 9 ) an almond-%ap$ figure4 ,?is is also a feature ( ! key-patt]ns 9 ! ,iri% ,gospels 7,codex ,no4 #ea7 at ,/4 ,gall1 9 ,switz]l&4#cij #cij ,r4 ,purton ,coop]'s ,app5dix ,a to ,rym]'s ,fd]a1 p4 #ij & pl4 #g 7,/4 ,m>k m9iature71 & pl4 #aj 7initial page ( ,/4 ,john's ,gospel74 ,!re is 9 ! ,briti% ,museum a ,celtic quadrangul> bell ( iron ) an ornam5tal bronze cap fix$ to ! top ( x1 b x is n cle> :e!r ! cap =ms "p ( ! orig9al design or 0 add$ subsequ5tly4 ,?is bell is call$ ! ,bell ( ,conall ,gael1 & came f ,ini%keel1 9 ! ,b>ony ( ,boylagh1 ,co4 ,donegal4 ,x 0 enclos$ )9 a metal %r9e 9 ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,all ! o!r ,celtic ecclesia/ical bells :i* h be5 en%r9$ are entirely ( iron1 a fact t5d+ to %[ t ! bronze bells are ( lat] date ?an ! iron ones1 because ! en%r9$ bells 7 ^? belong+ z a g5]al rule to ! sa9t :o f\nd$ ! *ur*4 ,! bronze bells probably came into use long aft] mo/ ( ! old] *ur*es _h be5 f\nd$4 ,x may be int]e/+ to give a li/ ( ! bell-%r9es /ill 9 exi/5ce3-- ,,irel&-- ,%r9e ( ! ,bell ( ,/4 ,patrick's ,w2 n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,r4,i4,a4 at ,dubl9 7,h4 ,o',neill's ,f9e ,arts ( ,anci5t ,irel&1 p4 #df74 ,%r9e ( ! ,bell ( ,/4 ,culan1 call$ ! ,b>naan ,cuilaun2 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,transactions ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 vol4 xiv41 p4 #ca74 ,%r9e ( ! ,bell ( ,/4 ,mogue4 ,%r9e ( ! ,bell ( ,maelbrigde 7,miss ,m4 ,/okes' ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art 9 ,irel&1 p4 #fg74 ,%r9e ( ! ,bell ( ,/4 ,mura1 f ! ,abbey ( ,fahan1 ,co4 ,donegal 7,ul/] ,j\rnal ( ,ar*ology1 vol4 i41 p4 #bgd74 ,%r9e ( ! ,bell ( ,conall ,gael1 f ,ini%keel1 ,co4 ,donegal2 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,h4 ,t4 ,ellacombe's ,*ur* ,bells ( ,devon--,supplem5t1 p4 #cfe74 ,,scotl&-- ,bell-%r9e ( ,kilmi*ael ,glass>y1 ,argyll%ire1 dug up on ,torrebhlaurn ,f>m 9 #ahad2 n[ 9 ! ,national ,museum at ,ed9burgh 7,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,times1 #a/ s]41 p4 #bjg74 ,bell-%r9e1 pres]v$ at ,gu?rie ,ca/le1 ,=f>%ire 7,ibid41 p4 #bji74 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,%r9e ,,( ,,! ,,bell ,,( ,,/4 ,,patrick',s ,,w ,,9 ,,! ,,museum ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,iri% ,,academy1 ,,dubl9 ,a4,d4 #ajia ,,to #aaje ,! bells ( ! ,celtic ,*ur*1 :e!r !y be ( iron or bronze1 :e!r devoid ( lett]+ or inscrib$1 ornam5t$ or pla91 possess a f> high] int]e/ ?an t atta*+ to ord9>y museum specim5s1 because mo/ ( !m h an au!ntic hi/ory1 go+ back 9 "s cases to ! "t :5 ,*ri/ianity 0 fir/ introduc$ into ?is c\ntry4 ,! bell1 ! book1 & ! crozi] :i* belong$ to ! ,celtic sa9ts :o f\nd$ *ur*es1 7 always look$ ^u ) ! highe/ v5]ation1 & 7 us$ = a v>iety ( sup]/iti\s purposes1 su* z heal+ ! sick1 procur+ victory 9 battle1 & ! solemnis+ ( oa?s4 ,! relics ( ! sa9ts ( ! fif?1 six?1 & sev5? c5turies 7 enclos$ 9 co/ly metal %r9es1 g5]ally a few hundr$ ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ! sa9t1 & an h]$it>y keep] 0 appo9t$ to be responsible = ! safety ( ! relics :5 borr[$ = effect+ cures & o!r purposes4 ,! %r9es & _! cont5ts 7 ?us h&$ d[n f g5]ation to g5]ation1 & 9 mo/ cases sold by _! la/ h]$it>y keep]s to collectors ( antiquities1 f :om !y 7 acquir$ by ! national museums ( ,engl&1 ,scotl&1 & ,irel&4 ,! relics /ill be> ! names ( ! sa9ts to :om !y orig9ally belong$2 ! names ( _! h]$it>y keep]s are well kn[n1 & !y h be5 obta9$ f ! localities :]e ! sa9t f\nd$ 8 *ur*1 & :]e ! relics rema9$ = c5turies aft]w>ds undi/urb$4 ,no class ( antiquities1 !re=e1 possesses a bett] record or a m satisfactory p$igree4 ,! ,iri% & ,scotti% bell-%r9es :i* h be5 enum]at$ are cases ( metal ( ! same %ape z ! bell !y conta91 hav+ f\r slop+ sides & an ar*$ top4 ,! sides are usually made ( bronze plates ornam5t$ ) gold1 silv]1 enamel1 & sett+s ( cry/al & preci\s /ones4 ,two features :i* are *>act]i/ic ( ! ornam5tal bronze bells are repeat$ 9 ! %r9es1 namely1 ! zomorphic t]m9ations ( ! h&les & ! cross on ! body ( ! bell4 ,9 ! two ,scotti% bell-%r9es ! ,crucifixion takes ! place ( ! ,cross4 ,! ornam5t on ! bell-%r9es is mu* fur!r remov$ 9 /yle f t ( ! illum9at$ ,,mss4 ?an is ! case ) ! sculptur$ /ones4 ,?is is only :at might be expect$1 consid]+ ! late date ( ! bell-%r9es z comp>$ ) t ( ! crosses4 ,on two ( ! bell-%r9es ,sc&9avian influ5ce may be cle>ly detect$ 9 ! ornam5t ^u !m4 ,?us on ! ,%r9e ( ! ,bell ( ,/4 ,patrick's ,w ! pe>-%ap$ eyes ( ! bea/'s heads on ea* side ( ! ar*$ top are plac$ ) ! po9t outw>ds 9 ! ,sc&9avian fa%ion2 & on ! ,%r9e ( ! ,bell ( ,/4 ,mura ! 8t5dril patt]n10 :i* is s common on ! ,rune-inscrib$ monum5ts ( ! ,isle ( ,man1 may be notic$4 ,! dates ( ?ree ( ! bell-%r9es h be5 asc]ta9$ by means ( ! inscriptions ^u !m1 namely1 ,maelbrigde's ,bell-%r9e1 circa ,a4,d4 #ied2 ! ,%r9e ( ! ,bell ( ,/4 ,patrick's ,w1 ,a4,d4 #ajia to #aaje2 & ! ,gu?rie ,bell-%r9e1 #ad? c5tury4 ,judg+ m]ely f ! /yle ( ! ornam5t1 ! ,%r9e ( ! ,bell ( ,/4 ,culanus %\ld be ( ! twelf? c5tury1 & ! ,%r9es ( ! ,bell ( ,/4 ,mura & ( ,kilmi*ael ,glass>y p]haps z late z ! beg9n+ ( ! ?irte5? c5tury4 ,! metal crozi]s ( ! ,celtic ,*ur* are 9 reality %r9es enclos+ ! wood5 pa/oral /affs ( ! diff]5t sa9ts1 ^: names mo/ ( !m /ill be>4 ,! *ief peculi>ity ( ! ,celtic crozi] is ! %ape ( ! head1 :i* is l ! hook ( a mod]n walk+-/ick1 b ) a rem>kable flatt5$ end4 ,! inside curve ( ! hook is ne>ly circul>1 b ! outside curve is only p>tially semicircul>1 & sudd5ly *anges to a ne>ly v]tical /raight l9e j be=e ! end ( ! crook is rea*$4 ,at ! bottom ( ! crozi] is a po9t$ f]rule1 & ! /raight portion consi/s ( two cyl9drical tubes ( ?9 metal jo9$ toge!r 9 ! middle by a bulb\s coll>4 ,! upp] tube is jo9$ to ! head at ! top by a simil> bulb\s coll>1 & ! l[] tube is jo9$ to ! f]rule at ! bottom by a ?ird bulb\s coll>4 ,illu/ration3 ,,head ,,( ,,! ,,lismore ,,corzi] ,,at ,,lismore ,,ca/le1 ,,co4 ,,wat]=d ,a4,d4 #ajij ,,to #aaac ,"o ( ! mo/ p]fect ( ! ,iri% crozi]s is pres]v$ at ,lismore ,ca/le1#cia ,co4 ,wat]=d4 ,x be>s an inscription %[+ t x 0 made by ,nectan1 ! artisan1 = ,niall1 son ( ,mac,aeducain4 ,mac ,mic ,a$uca9 0 ,bi%op ( ,lismore f ,a4,d4 #ajij to #aaac4 ,ano!r f9e crozi] 9 ! ,briti% ,museum#cib has an inscription ask+ a pray] = ,maelf9nia & ,condulig4 ,! =m] 0 ,bi%op ( ,kells1 & di$ 9 ,a4,d4 #ifg4 ,condulig 0 an ecclesia/ic ( ! same mona/]y1 & di$ 9 ,a4,d4 #ajdg4 ,! be/ examples ( un9scrib$ crozi]s are ! crozi]s ( ,clonmacnois#cic & ( ,/4 ,b]a* 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy 9 ,dubl91 & a crozi] n[ 9 ! possession ( ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,bi%op ( ,kill>ney4 ,besides ! complete crozi]s m5tion$ !re are sev]al heads & o!r portions ( crozi]s 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy1 & 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum ( ,antiquities may be se5 ! head ( ! crozi] ( ,/4 ,fillan1#cid :i* has an unusually int]e/+ hi/ory4 #cia ,petrie's ,*ri/ian ,inscriptions 9 ! ,iri% ,language1 vol4 ii41 p4 #aah2 & ,h4 ,o',neill's ,f9e ,arts ( ,anci5t ,irel&1 p4 #db4 #cib ,petrie's ,*ri/ian ,inscriptions 9 ! ,iri% ,language1 vol4 ii41 p4 #aaf4 #cic ,miss ,m4 ,/okes' ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art 9 ,irel&1 p4 #aje4 #cid ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,times1 #a/ s]41 p4 #bai4 ,! decoration ( ! ,celtic crozi]s is conc5trat$ on ! head1 ! f]rule1 & ! coll>s r\nd ! /raight portion ( ! /aff4 ,mo/ ( ! crozi]s h a zomorphic cre/+#cie on ! outside curve ( ! head1 sometimes consi/+ ( a procession ( bea/s "o beh9d ! o!r1 & sometimes only hav+ t]m9al bea/s' heads at ea* end4#cif ,! flat portion ( ! crook ( ! crozi] at ! end is decorat$ 9 "s cases ) ! head ( ! sa9t or bi%op1 & a cry/al sett+ bel[4#cig ,zomorphism ent]s v l>gely into ! ornam5tation ( ! ,celtic crozi]s1 & ! bea/s ) only two toes in/ead ( ?ree on ! ,crozi] ( ,clonmacnois obvi\sly betray _! ,sc&9avian orig9 by ?is detail4 ,! decoration ( ! heads ( ! crozi]s is treat$ 9 at lea/ ?ree diff]5t ways3 7#a7 ! head ( ! ,lismore crozi] is divid$ into rectangul> panels ) rais$ bosses ( enamel at ! int]sections ( ! b&s1 :i* =m ! divisions betwe5 ! panels2 7#b7 ! heads ( ! crozi]s ( ,dys]t1 ,bla?mac1 & ,/4 ,fillan are divid$ into loz5ge-%ap$ panels by a sort ( rais$ lattice-"w2 & 7#c7 ! head ( ! crozi] ( ,clonmacnois is n divid$ into panels1 b ! surface entirely cov]$ ) zomorphic /rapwork4 #cie ,z on ! crozi]s ( ,lismore1 ,clonmacnois1 & ,dys]t4 #cif ,z on ,/4 ,fillan's crozi]4 #cig ,z on ,/4 ,fillan's crozi]4 ,! crozi]s are all ( ! elev5? c5tury or lat]1 & _! decoration has little 9 common ) t ( ! e>ly illum9at$ ,,mss4 8,cumda*s10 or book-%r9es1 are peculi> to ,irel&4 ,?ree ,,mss4 /ill 9 exi/5ce are kn[n1 f hi/orical evid5ce1 to h _h cumda*s1 al?\gh !y h be5 lo/4 ,^! are3-- ,! ,book ( ,durr[ en%r9$ ,a4,d4 #hgg to #iad4 ,! ,book ( ,armagh 0 ,a4,d4 #ich4 ,! ,book ( ,kells 0 be=e ,a4,d4 #ajjg4 ,! exi/+ cumda*s are z foll[s3-- ,9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy4 ,cumda* ( ,molaise's ,gospels ,a4,d4 #ajja to #ajbe4 0 0 ! ,/[e ,missal ,a4,d4 #ajbc4 0 0 ,columba's ,psalt] ,a4,d4 #ajhd4 0 0 ,/4 ,patrick's ,gospels4 ,9 ! ,libr>y ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl94 ,cumda* ( ,dimma's ,book ,a4,d4 #aaej4 ,! cumda*s are simply rectangul> boxes1 suffici5tly l>ge to hold ! ,,ms41 made ei!r ( wood or bronze & plat$ ) silv]4 ,! decoration ( ! pr9cipal face ( ! cumda* is g5]ally arrang$ 9 ! =m ( a cross1 ! treatm5t be+ mu* ! same z 9 ! ornam5tal pages ( ! ,,mss4 ( ! ,gospels4 ,! cross on ! cumda* ( ,molaise's ,gospels is =m$ ( a flat silv] plate ) panels pi]c$ "r ?r\gh ! ?ickness ( ! metal1 & fill$ 9 ) int]lac$ patt]ns 9 filigree-"w4 ,! cross 9 ! middle is surr\nd$ by ! ,symbols ( ! ,f\r ,evangeli/s1 ) _! names inscrib$ at ! side ( ea*4 ,! c5tre ( ! cross & ! ends ( ! f\r arms are ornam5t$ ) sett+s ( cry/al4 ,on "o ( ! n>r[ faces ( ?is cumda* are "s v curi\s figures ( two ecclesia/ics1 "o hold+ a bell & ! o!r a pa/oral /aff2 & a h>p]1 ) an angel above 8 head1 betwe5 !m4 ,! cumda* ( ! ,/[e ,missal has ^u ! pr9cipal face a cross )9 a rectangul> frame4 ,! c5tre ( ! cross is ornam5t$ ) a cry/al sett+1 & ! recess$ panels ( ! backgr\nd are fill$ 9 ) a peculi> k9d ( triangul> & squ>e *equ]work made ( pi]c$ metal plates4 ,! cumda* ( ,dimma's ,book has also on ! pr9cipal face a cross surr\nd$ by a rectangul> frame1 & ornam5t$ ) ?irte5 cry/al sett+s4 ,! f\r recess$ panels ( ! backgr\nd ( ! cross are fill$ 9 ) zomorphic designs 9 ! same /yle z ^? on ! ,high ,cross ( ,tuam1#cih ,co4 ,galway1 :i* is ( ab\t ! same p]iod1 hav+ be5 erect$ 9 ,a4,d4 #aabc4 ,! relic %r9es ( ! ,celtic ,*ur* are ( two k9ds1 namely1 7#a7 ^? made 9 ! %ape ( ! portion ( ! body ( ! sa9t en%r9$2 & 7#b7 ^? made 9 ! %ape ( a small oratory or h\se ) a /eep pit*$ ro( hav+ hipp$ ends4 ,z an example ( ! fir/ k9d we h ! ,%r9e ( ,/4 ,la*t9's ,arm4#cii #cih ,h4 ,o',neill's ,sculptur$ ,crosses ( ,anci5t ,irel&1 pl4 #ab4 #cii ,vetu/a ,monum5ta1 vol4 vi41 pl4 #ai4 ,illu/ration3 ,,celtic ,,quadrangul> ,,bell ,,( ,,bronze ,,) ,,zo,,morphic ,,h&les ,,f ,,llangwynodl ,,*ur*1 ,,c>n>von%ire2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,possession ,,( ,w4 ,,corbet ,,yale-,,jones-,,p>ry1 ,,esq41 ,,( ,,madryn ,,ca/le1 ,,pwllheli ,w4 ,morgan ,evans1 ( ,pwllheli1 photo4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,reliqu>y ,,f ,,l[] ,,l\gh ,,erne2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,possession ,,( ,t4 ,,plunkett1 ,,esq41 ,,( ,,enniskill5 #g ,,ins4 ,,long ,,by #e ,,ins4 ,,high ,,by #c ,,ins4 ,,wide ,r4 ,wel*1 ( ,belfa/1 photo4 ,! mo/ beautiful & p]fect example ( a reliqu>y 9 ! =m ( a small oratory is ! "o n[ 9 ! possession ( ,sir ,ar*ibald ,grant1 & pres]v$ at ,monymusk ,h\se1#djj ,ab]de5%ire4 ,x is a wood5 box1 holl[$ out ( ! solid1 & cov]$ ) plates ( bronze & silv]4 ,x is decorat$ ) enamel1 sett+s ( preci\s /ones1 & rais$ circul> m$allions & rectangul> plaques ( int]lac$-"w on a *as$ backgr\nd ( zomorphic designs4 ,ano!r reliqu>y ( ! same k9d 0 f\nd 9 ,l\gh ,erne1#dja betwe5 ,enniskill5 & ,belleek1 9 #ahia1 & belongs to ,mr4 ,t4 ,plunkett1 ( ,enniskill54 ,x is #g in*es long by #c in*es wide by #e in*es high1 & is made ( plates ( bronze cov]+ an inn] box scoop$ out ( two solid pieces ( yew-wood4 ,! decoration1 :i* consi/s ( int]lac$-"w1 is conc5trat$ ^u ! ridge-piece ( ! ro(2 ^u a b& conceal+ ! jo9t betwe5 ! eaves ( ! ro( & ! sides2 ^u six circul> rais$ m$allions1 "o on ea* ( ! longe/ slop+ faces ( ! ro( & two on ea* ( ! longe/ sides2 & ^u ! h+es at ea* end ( ! box to :i* ! b>s = susp5d+ ! %r9e r\nd ! neck ( its h]$it>y keep] 7 atta*$4 ,!re is a ?ird reliqu>y1 l ! two j describ$1 f ,norway1 9 ! ,cop5hag5 ,museum4#djb ,x has rais$ circul> m$allions arrang$ 9 ! same way z on ! ,l\gh ,erne %r9e1 b !y are decorat$ ) spiral designs1 & ! backgr\nd1 in/ead ( be+ pla91 is cov]$ ) elaborate int]lac$-"w4 ,an inscription 9 lat] ,runes on ?is %r9e reads 8,ranvaig owns ?is casket40 ,! ,ed9burgh ,museum possesses a f\r? %r9e ( ! same class f\nd 9 ! ,%annon#djc 9 a v dilapidat$ condition4 #djj ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,times1 #a/ s]41 p4 #bdi4 #dja ,j\rn4 ,r4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ( ,irel&1 #e? s]41 vol4 ii4 7#ahib71 p4 #cdi4 #djb ,j4 ,j4 ,a4 ,worsaae's ,nordiske ,oldsag] i det ,kongelige ,museum i ,kjb5havn1 p4 #abi1 ,fig4 #ebd4 #djc ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,times1 #a/ s]41 p4 #bdf4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son#djd has po9t$ out ! id5tity ( ! =m ( ! ,temple at ,j]usalem1 z repres5t$ 9 ! ,book ( ,kells1 ) ! =m ( ?is p>ticul> class ( reliqu>y4 ,! ,breac ,mo$oc1#dje or %r9e ( ,/4 ,mogue1 f ,drumlane1 n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy at ,dubl91 resembles ! reliqu>ies ( ! ,monymusk type 9 %ape except t ! ro( is gabl$ in/ead ( be+ hipp$1 & ! me?od ( apply+ ! decoration also is entirely diff]5t4 ,x is #g in*es long by #h in*es wide by #c in*es wide1 & is made ( bronze1 ) decorations ( bronze-gilt1 enamel1 & glass4 ,! front is divid$ into rectangul> panels1 ea* conta9+ a gr\p ( figures ( male & female sa9ts numb]+ tw5ty-"o altoge!r2 & on "o ( ! gabl$ ends is a be>d$ figure play+ a h>p on :i* a bird is p]*$4 ,! back & bottom ( ! %r9e are ornam5t$ ) cruci=m patt]ns 9 pi]c$ "w1 z on ! %r9es ( ! ,bell ( ,/4 ,patrick's ,w1 ( ! ,/[e ,missal1 & ( ,dimma's ,book4 #djd ,ibid41 p4 #bdg4 #dje ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xliii41 p4 #aca4 ,! relic-%r9e ( ,/4 ,man*an#djf diff]s f all ^? previ\sly describ$ 9 be+ consid]ably l>g]1 & 9 be+ %ap$ l ! gabl$ ro( ( a h\se1 b )\t any h\se2 t is to say1 x has two rectangul> faces meet+ 9 a horizontal ridge & two ne>ly v]tical triangul> ends4 ,x 0 =m]ly 9 ! keep+ ( ! anci5t ,iri% family ( ,mooney1 ( ! ,doon1 b x is n[ pres]v$ 9 ! ,roman ,ca?olic ,*ur* ( ,boh]1 9 ! p>i% ( ,lemanaghan1 ne> ,cl>a1 ,k+'s ,co4 ,! ,%r9e ( ,/4 ,man*an is #a foot #aa in*es long by #a foot #a in* wide by #a foot #g in*es high4 ,! framework ( ! %r9e is made ( yew bo>ds4 ,! front & back are ea* ornam5t$ ) an equal-arm$ cross hav+ l>ge circul> rais$ bosses 9 ! c5tre1 & on ! ends ( ! f\r arms4 ,! f\r spaces =m+ ! backgr\nd ( ea* ( ! crosses are fill$ 9 ) r[s ( small figures fix$ to ! bronze plate beh9d ) rivets4 ,! front1 back1 & two ends ( ! %r9e are p>tially surr\nd$ by a bord] ( zomorphic ornam5t4 ,! bosses 9 relief ( ! crosses on ! front & back1 & ! recess$ triangul> panels on ! two ends are also elaborately decorat$ ) zomorphs4 ,at ea* ( ! f\r corn]s ( ! base is a circul> r+1 probably = c>ry+ ! %r9e ab\t4 ,! clamps ( ! r+s1 ! bord]s r\nd ! bottom ( ! %r9e1 & ! n>r[ p>ts ( ! arms ( ! crosses h /ep-patt]ns 9 r$ & yell[ enamel ^u !m4 ,! :ole ( ! bronze 0 orig9ally gilt4 ,! /yle ( ! ornam5t is s simil> to t on ! ,cross ( ,cong t we %all n be f> wrong if we attribute ! %r9e ( ,/4 ,man*an to ! same p]iod1 namely1 ! twelf? c5tury4 #djf ,! ,reliqu>y1 vol4 xv4 7#ahge71 p4 #aic4 ,!re is only a s+le example ( a processional cross belong+ to ! ,celtic ,*ur* n[ 9 exi/5ce1 namely1 ! ,cross ( ,cong#djg 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy at ,dubl94 ,x is #b feet #f in*es high by #a foot #f in*es across ! arms by #a in*es ?ick4 ,! cross is ( oak cov]$ ) copp] plates1 & has a boss ( rock-cry/al 9 ! c5tre1 b5ea? :i* ! portion ( ! true cross 0 en%r9$4 ,! out] m>g9 ( ! cross is =m$ by a roll m\ld+ ( silv]1 ) eighte5 small enamell$ knobs at int]vals to emphasise ! cusp+s ( ! outl9e ( ! cross4 ,! face ( ! cross )9 ! m>g9 is divid$ into two r[s ( panels by a n>r[ longitud9al b& 9 ! middle ( ! arms1 ) enamell$ bosses ( enamel 9 relief & circul> silv] discs alt]nately m>k+ ! po9ts :]e ! cross-b>s bran* (f at "r angles to ! c5tral /em1 s z to divide ! surface into panels4 ,! eight panels surr\nd+ ! boss ( rock-cry/al 9 ! c5tre ( ! cross are fill$ 9 ) scrolls ( gold filigree-"w1 & ! rema9+ ?irty-eight panels on ! arms & %aft are fill$ 9 ) zomorphic designs 9 ca/ bronze gilt1 rivet$ to ! copp] plates b5ea?4 ,at ! bottom ( ! cross is a bea/'s head ) a bulb\s projection betwe5 x & ! socket to receive ! /aff4 ,! bulb\s portion is ornam5t$ ) small bosses ( blue enamel & panels ( zomorphic designs4 ,! g5]al effect ( ! :ole is extremely ri*1 & %[s great arti/ic feel+4 ,! preval5ce ( ! zomorphic elem5t 9 ! design & ! arrangem5t ( ! panels rem9ds u ( ! crozi]s ( ! same p]iod1 m especially ! "o at ,lismore ,ca/le1 ,co4 ,wat]=d4 #djg ,proc4 ,r4,i4,a41 vol4 ii41 p4 #aac1 & vol4 iv41 p4 #egb2 ,petrie's ,*ri/ian ,inscriptions 9 ! ,iri% ,language1 vol4 ii41 p4 #aah2 ,miss ,m4 ,/okes' ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art 9 ,irel&1 p4 #ajh2 & ,j\rn4 ,r4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,irel&1 vol4 xxxi4 7#aija71 p4 #dj4 ,! inscriptions on ! ,cross ( ,cong1 ( :i* ! fir/ is 9 ,lat9 7twice repeat$7 & ! rema9+ f\r 9 ,iri%1 may be ?us r5d]$ 9 ,engli%3-- 7#a7 8,?is ,cross cov]s ! ,cross on :i* ! ,savi\r ( ! ,_w suff]$40 7#b7 8,pray = ,murdo* ,o',duffy1 ! ,s5ior ( ,irel&40 7#c7 8,pray = ,turlo* ,o',connor1 = ! ,k+ ( ,irel&1 = :om ?is %r9e 0 made40 7#d7 8,pray = ,donnell ,m',flannagan ,o',duffy1 = ! ,bi%op ( ,connaught1 = ! successor ( ,coman & ,ci>an1 "u ^: sup]9t5d5ce ?is %r9e 0 made40 7#e7 8,pray = ,maeljesu ,mac,bratdan ,o',e*an1 :o made ?is %r9e40 ,murdo* ,o',duffy1 ,ar*bi%op ( ,connaught1 di$ 9 ,a4,d4 #aaej1 & x is record$ 9 ! ,annals ( ,innisfall5 t 9 ! ye> #aabc a bit ( ! true cross came into ,irel& & 0 en%r9$ by ,turlogh ,o',connor1 ?us fix+ ! date ( ! ,cross ( ,cong "s "t 9 ! fir/ half ( ! twelf? c5tury4 ,! cross 0 remov$ f ,tuam to ,cong ei!r by ,ar*bi%op ,o',duffy or ,k+ ,rod]ic ,o',conor1 & 0 f\nd !re 9 #ahci1 :5 x 0 pur*as$ by ,pr(4 ,mac ,culla* & pres5t$ by him to ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy4 ,*alices ( e>li] date ?an ! ,norman ,conque/ are ( extreme r>ity ei!r 9 ,great ,brita9 or on ! ,cont95t4 ,p]haps ! ?ree mo/ anci5t specim5s abroad are 7#a7 ! *alice1 f\nd ) gold co9s ( ,ju/9ian 7,a4,d4 #ejh to #ebg71 at ,g\rdon1#djh ,*alons-sur-,sane1 & n[ 9 ! ,national ,libr>y at ,p>is2 7#b7 ! *alice ( ,tassilo1#dji ,duke ( ,bav>ia 7,a4,d4 #geg to #gha71 at ,kremsmn/] 9 ,l[] ,au/ria2 & 7#c7 ! *alice ( ,/4 ,gozl9#daj ( ,t\l 7,a4,d4 #ibb to #ifb71 n[ 9 ! treasury ( ! ,ca!dral ( ,nancy4 ,! fir/ & la/ ( ^! h two h&les4 ,! *alice ( ,tassilo1 h[ev]1 has no h&les4 ,x is pr(usely decorat$ ) int]lac$-"w1 zomorphic designs1 & figure subjects1 & has r\nd ! foot ! foll[+ inscription 9 capital lett]s1 n unlike ^? us$ 9 ! ,hib]no-,saxon ,,mss3-- 8 ,,tassilo ,,dvx ,,=tis ,,lvitpirc ,,virga ,,regalis40 #djh ,de ,caumont's ,abcdaire d',ar*ologie ,ar*itecture ,religieuse1 p4 #aag4 #dji ,dr4 ,r4 ,munro's ,boznia-,h]zegov9a & ,dalmatia1 p4 #bib4 #daj ,de ,caumont1 loc4 cit41 p4 #aah4 ,! lady ref]r$ to 0 ,luitb]ga1 wife ( ,duke ,tassilo1 & daught] ( ,desid]ius1 ! la/ k+ ( ! ,lomb>ds4 ,! *alice is #aj in*es high & is made ( copp] ornam5t$ ) gold1 silv]1 & niello4 ,! figures are plac$ 9 oval m$allions r\nd ! b[l & ! base4 ,! pr9cipal figure is t ( ,*ri/ giv+ ! b5$iction1 & ! rema9d] appe> to be ^? ( sa9ts4 ,! /yle ( ! decoration resembles t ( ! ,iri% metalwork to a c]ta9 ext5t1 & ! *alice ( ,tassilo may v possibly h be5 made abroad "u ! direction ( "s ,iri% monk4 ,only "o metal *alice ( und\bt$ ,iri% "w has be5 pres]v$ until ! pres5t "t1 namely1 ! ,ardagh ,*alice#daa 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy at ,dubl94 ,x 0 f\nd 9 #ahfh 9 a ra? 9 ! t[nl& ( ,re]a/a1 9 ! p>i% ( ,ardagh1 ,co4 ,lim]ick4 ,! *alice belongs to ! two-h&l$ type1 & has a hemisph]ical b[l1 a v %ort cyl9drical /em1 & a conical base ) a flat rim r\nd ! bottom4 ,x is #g in*es high by #i in*es 9 diamet] at ! top1 & #f in*es 9 diamet] at ! bottom1 ! b[l be+ #d in*es deep & ( suffici5t capacity to hold ?ree p9ts ( liquid4 ,! *alice is compos$ ( gold 7#a oz4 #b dwts471 silv] 7#bj ozs4 #ac dwts471 bronze 7#i ozs471 lead1 enamel1 glass1 amb]1 & mica4 ,no less ?an #ced diff]5t pieces1 includ+ #bj rivets1 are us$ 9 ! con/ruction ( ! vessel4 #daa ,petrie's ,*ri/ian ,inscriptions 9 ! ,iri% ,language1 vol4 ii41 p4 #abc2 ,trans4 ,r4,i4,a41 vol4 xxiv41 p4 #dcc2 ,miss ,m4 ,/okes' ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,art 9 ,irel&1 p4 #hc4 ,! ext]ior ( ! b[l ( ! ,ardagh *alice is inscrib$ ) ! names ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les 9 ,hib]no-,saxon capitals1 f9ely engrav$ on ! silv]4 ,! =ms ( ! lett]s correspond ) ^? us$ 9 ! ,books ( ,kells1 ,dimma1 ,/4 ,*ad1 ,durham1 & ,mac,regol4 ,illu/ration3 ,,bronze ,,fibula ,,) ,,plaitwork ,,& ,,late-,,celtic ,,ornam5t ,,f ,,! ,,ardakill5 ,,crannog1 ,,ne> ,,/roke/[n1 ,,co4 ,,roscommon2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,museum ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,iri% ,,academy1 ,,dubl9 ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,ornam5t ,,on ,,! ,,"u ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,foot ,,( ,,! ,,ardagh ,,*alice ,,9 ,,! ,,museum ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,iri% ,,academy1 ,,dubl9 ,! rais$ decoration ( ! *alice1 :i* is made 9 sep>ate pieces & fix$ on ) rivets1 is conc5trat$ on ! foll[+ p>ts3-- 7#a7 ,a horizontal b& j bel[ ! rim & runn+ ?r\gh ! h&les4 7#b7 ,! two h&les4 7#c7 ,two circul> m$allions on ! l[] side ( ! b[l midway betwe5 ! h&les4 7#d7 ,! /em4 7#e7 ,! flat rim at ! bottom ( ! base4 7#f7 ,! "u side ( ! flat rim r\nd ! base4 7#g7 ,! circul> m$allion 9 ! c5tre ( ! "u side ( ! conical base4 ,! ornam5t consi/s ( int]lac$-"w1 /ep-patt]ns1 key-patt]ns1 spiralwork1 zomorphic designs1 & scrollwork1 arrang$ 9 panels aft] ! usual ,celtic fa%ion4 ,! /ep-patt]ns are conf9$ to ! plaques & bosses ( enamel1 & ! o!r patt]ns are execut$ 9 delicate gold filigree-"w on a rep\ss backgr\nd ( gold4 ,on ! "u side ( ! flat rim r\nd ! base panels ( mo/ beautifully plait$ silv] wire are introduc$4 ,amb] is us$ on ! h&les = ! bord]s r\nd ! rais$ bosses ( enamel1 & !re is a n>r[ r+ ( ! same mat]ial betwe5 ! conc5tric r+s ( ornam5t 9 ! middle ( ! "u side ( ! base4 ,! heads ( ! rivets by :i* ! circul> m$allions on ! sides ( ! b[l are fix$ are conceal$ by two small bosses ( blue glass & two ( amb]4 ,! heads ( ! rivets = secur+ ! two h&les 9 place are disguis$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,! /em & supports ( ! *alice are ( bronze gilt1 highly ornam5t$4 ,!y are atta*$ to ! b[l by a bronze-gilt ball1 ) a /rong squ>e tang1 & mo/ +5i\sly fa/5$ by an iron bolt :i* secures all toge!r4 ,a plate ( lead is ins]t$ betwe5 ! upp] & "u sides ( ! flat rim r\nd ! base to give weight & /ability4 ,! flat rim r\nd ! base is ornam5t$ ) gold & bronze-gilt plaques ( op5 "w on a backgr\nd ( mica1 9 ord] to %[ up ! beauty ( ! patt]ns4 ,! flat rim r\nd ! base has on its "u side1 betwe5 ! panels ( ornam5t1 rectangul> tablets ( blue glass1 und]nea? :i* are decorat$ pieces ( wr\ght-silv]1 :i* give a brilliant appe>ance 9 a /rong light4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ! "u side ( ! base is a circul> sett+ ( rock-cry/al4 ,! rim ( ! b[l ( ! *alice is ( brass4 ,en\gh has be5 said ( ! elaborate nature ( ! con/ruction & ornam5tation ( ! ,ardagh ,*alice to %[ t x is a ma/]piece ( ,celtic art metalwork ( ! be/ p]iod4 ,! /yle ( ! lett]+ ( ! inscription ^u x & ! g5]al "* ( ! decorative features indicate t x belongs to ! same s*ool z ! ,book ( ,kells1 ! ,durham ,book1 ,/4 ,*ad's ,gospels1 & ! ,t>a ,broo*1 & _c consequ5tly be ( mu* lat] date ?an ! eigh? c5tury4 ,x w be notic$ t 9 ! decoration ( ! ,ardagh ,*alice spiral patt]ns ( ! be/ quality are pres5t1 & t ! zomorphs are kept "u prop] re/ra9t s z n to swamp ! :ole design4 ,bo? ^! po9ts are an indication ( e>ly date4 ,!re are at lea/ ?ree examples kn[n ( bronze plaques ) repres5tations ^u !m ( ! ,crucifixion treat$ 9 ! ar*aic ,iri% fa%ion4 ,! mo/ int]e/+ ( ^! 0 f\nd at ,a?lone1#dab & is n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,iri% ,academy 9 ,dubl94 ,! ,savi\r is %[n we>+ a tunic1 ! surface ( :i* is almo/ entirely cov]$ ) spirals1 key-patt]ns1 & int]lac$-"w4 ,ano!r small] & less ornam5tal plaque ) ! ,crucifixion may be se5 9 ! same museum2#dac & a ?ird1 belong+ to ,mr4 ,m4 ,j4 ,arketell1 has be5 illu/rat$ by ,pr(4 ,j4 ,o4 ,we/wood 9 8 ,m9iatures & ,ornam5ts ( ! ,anglo-,saxon & ,iri% ,,mss4#dad #dab ,dr4 ,j4 ,/u>t's ,sculptur$ ,/ones ( ,scotl&1 vol4 ii41 pl4 #aj4 #dac ,m9iatures1 pl4 #ea4 ,fig4 #g4 #dad ,pl4 #ea1 ,fig4 #h4 ,leav+ ,celtic ecclesia/ical metalwork1 we come to p]sonal ornam5ts1 :i*1 al?\gh exhibit+ ! same /yle ( decoration1 7 n necess>ily int5d$ to be worn by p]sons tak+ "p 9 ! c]emonies ( ! ,*ur*4 ,^! p]sonal ornam5ts consi/ ( p9s1 broo*es1 & buckles4 ,we h previ\sly giv5 a li/ ( ! hamm]-head$ p9s1 :i* may ei!r be ,pagan or ,*ri/ian4 ,ano!r peculi>ly ,celtic type ( p9 consi/$ ( ?ree p>ts1 namely1 7#a7 a long p92 7#b7 a kite-%ap$ p5dant2 & 7#c7 a %ort b> h+$ at "o end to ! top ( ! p91 & at ! o!r to ! r\nd$ top ( ! p5dant4 ,a rem>kably f9e p9 ( ?is description 0 f\nd ab\t #ahhc at ,clonmacnois1#dae ,k+'s ,co41 & is n[ 9 ! possession ( ! ,rev4 ,timo?y ,lee1 ( ,lim]ick4 ,! p9 is #g in*es long1 ! c\pl+-b> in* long1 & ! kite-%ap$ p5dant #b in*es long by #a in*es wide by in* ?ick4 ,! :ole is ( silv]1 decorat$ ) gold filigree1 enamel1 niello1 & sett+s ( cl>et-col\r$ glass or preci\s /one4 ,! c\pl+-b> has on "o side a loz5ge-%ap$ panel ( filigree-"w1 & on ! o!r an int]lac$ patt]n 9 niello4 ,! front ( ! p5dant is ornam5t$ ) a cross hav+ a l>ge rectangul> sett+ ( glass 9 ! c5tre1 ?ree small] rectangul> sett+s at ! ends ( ! top & two side arms1 & a small triangul> sett+ at ! bottom ( ! %aft4 ,! backgr\nd ( ! cross consi/s ( f\r panels ( int]lac$ filigree-"w1 ?ree ( :i* are miss+4 ,! po9t ( ! kite-%ap$ p5dant t]m9ates 9 a bea/'s head4 ,on ! back ( ! p5dant !re is a cross ( simil> %ape to t on ! front1 b ) an ornam5tal bord] ( spiralwork r\nd x1 & ! :ole design execut$ 9 niello4 ,at ! po9t$ end at ! bottom is fix$ a small r+ ?r\gh :i* passes a silv] plait$ *a9 ( ,tri*9opoly-"w1 l ! "o atta*$ to ! ,t>a ,broo*4 ,!re is ano!r p9 ( simil> %ape ornam5t$ ) zomorphic designs 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy1#daf 9 ,dubl94 #dae ,j\rn4 ,r4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,irel&1 s]4 #e1 vol4 i4 7#ahij-a71 p4 #cah4 #daf ,r4,i4,a4 photo1 ,a #afe4 ,dr4 ,hans ,hildebr&1 9 8 excell5t ,s\? ,k5s+ton h&book ( ,! ,indu/rial ,arts ( ,sc&9avia 7p4 #ba71 rem>ks t 8e "w ( human art1 high] z well z l[]1 has its %ape det]m9$ by two ag5ts3 ! end :i* x is to s]ve1 & ! ta/e ( ! p & ! "t ( :i* x is a fruit40 ,9 o!r words1 !re is a utilit>ian z well z an ornam5tal side to almo/ e object fa%ion$ by man to satisfy 8 wants4 ,! =m ( an object mu/ dep5d prim>ily ^u ! practical use to :i* x is int5d$ to be put1 & ! decorative features g5]ally foll[ aft]w>ds 9 due c\rse4 ,! function ( ! decorative features1 h[ev]1 %\ld be to add grace & beauty to ! orig9al =m ( ! object1 b n to attempt to disguise ! utilit>ian purpose x fulfils4 ,no relics ( antiquity are m des]v+ ( /udy ?an p]sonal ornam5ts1 & ( all p]sonal ornam5ts p]haps ! broo* is ! mo/ important z af=d+ an insight into ! "* ( ! p by :om x 0 worn4 ,_! +5uity c be measur$ by ! p]fection ( ! me*anism ( ! work+ p>ts1 _! culture by ! ref9em5t ( ! ornam5t1 & _! skill z craftsm5 by ! f9i% ( ! workman%ip4 ,mu*1 aga91 is to be le>nt ( ! habits ( ! p by inve/igat+ ! diff]5t me?ods ( we>+ ! broo*4 ,?us x is t almo/ e age & e c\ntry possesses its typical =m ( broo*4 ,illu/ration3 ,p9-broo* f ,clonmacnois1 ,k+'s ,co4 ,n[ 9 ! possession ( ! ,rev4 ,timo?y ,lee1 ( ,lim]ick ,drawn by ,r4 ,co*rane1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,look$ at f its practical side1 a broo* is a contrivance = fa/5+ toge!r tempor>ily any two po9ts on a g>m5t4 ,x is obvi\sly a high] developm5t ( ! p94 ,go+ back to fir/ pr9ciples1 ! p9 may h be5 sugge/$ by ! natural spikes1 or ?orns1 f\nd 9 ! vegetable _w4 ,x w\ld n require mu* intellig5ce to see t a small knob add$ to ! blunt end ( ! p9 w\ld facilitate its removal f ! fabric :5 x 0 requir$ to be )drawn1 & w\ld also prev5t ! p9 go+ fur!r ?an 0 desirable ?r\gh ! fabric4 ,! problem :i* 0 solv$ by ! inv5tion ( ! broo*1 h[ev]1 0 "o ( mu* great] complexity1 namely1 h[ to secure ! p9 9 position s z to prev5t x f slipp+ out ( ! fabric 9 ! direction ( ! head4 ,?is might h be5 effect$ ei!r by fix+ a removable knob1 or /op ( "s k9d1 on ! po9t$ end aft] x _h be5 ins]t$ 9 ! fabric1 or by connect+ ! head ) ! po9t tempor>ily1 s z to =m a complete r+ = ! "t be+4 ,9 ! broo* ! latt] alt]native is *os54 ,! p9 mu/ necess>ily be /raight1 s z to pi]ce ! fabric ) ! lea/ am\nt ( resi/ance1 & ! tempor>y connection betwe5 ! head & ! po9t has to be approximately semicircul>1 ! :ole =m+ a r+ %ap$ l a b[1 ! p9 correspond+ to ! /r+ & ! body ( ! broo* to ! b[4 ,illu/ration3 ,,silv] ,,p5annul> ,,broo* ,,f ,,irel&2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum ,,scale ,,l9e> ,9 ord] to be able to remove ! broo* f ! fabric at pleasure1 "s contrivance mu/ be hit ^u by :i* a gap1 or break1 c be made 9 ! r+1 & be clos$ up aga9 :5ev] x is desir$ to d s4 ,! op5+ is atta9$ by plac+ a h+e :]e ! head ( a p9 jo9s ! body ( ! broo*1 & ! clos+ by hav+ a groove-%ap$ cat* at ! opposite extremity4 ,a spr+ is also requir$ to prev5t ! p9 com+ unfa/5$ accid5tally f ! cat*4 ,^! diff]5t contrivances con/itute ! ess5tial p>ts ( a broo*1 :i*1 dive/$ ( its ornam5tal app5dages1 is repres5t$ by ! ord9>y 8safety-p90 ( ! pres5t day4 ,if ! rigid b[-l connection betwe5 ! head & po9t ( ! p9 be d\bl$ we get an annul> broo*1 & if ! c5tral portion ( ! r+ be fill$ 9 we get ! discoidal broo*4 ,9 ^! cases ! r+ or disc is plac$ p>allel to ! plane ( ! fabric in/ead ( at "r angles to x4 ,! some:at dry disquisition j inflict$ ^u ! unsuspect+ read] is necess>y 9 ord] to place him 9 a position to fully und]/& ! me*anism ( ! typical ,celtic broo*1 ! lead+ *>act]i/ics ( :i* are t ! r+ has a break 9 its cont9uity 7:5ce ! "n 8p5annul>071 & t ! l5g? ( ! p9 consid]ably exce$s ! diamet] ( ! r+4 ,! object ( ! break 9 ! cont9uity ( ! r+ is t x enables ! spr+-cat* to be disp5s$ )1 ! me?od ( fix+ ! broo* 9 ! dress be+ z foll[s3 ,fir/1 ! long p9 is ins]t$ 9 ! fabric at two po9ts close toge!r1 9 su* a mann] t ! apex goes "r ?r\gh x & appe>s aga9 above ! surface2 ! p9 is !n =c$ ?r\gh ! break1 & ! r+ is giv5 a turn ?r\gh a "r angle 9 ! plane ( ! fabric1 ?us fix+ ! broo* by ! friction produc$ by ! drag ( ! weight ( ! g>m5t on ! p94 ,we are n[ br\ght face to face ) ! "q z to h[ ! ,celtic p5annul> broo* 0 worn4 ,?is c n only be conjecturally det]m9$ by an exam9ation ( ! specim5s to be f\nd 9 museums1 b =tunately c be settl$ beyond a %ad[ ( a d\bt 9 two ways1 ea* ( :i* confirms ! o!r4 ,fir/1 !re are at lea/ two contempor>y repres5tations ( p]sons actually we>+ a p5annul> broo* 7"o on a cross at ,mona/]boice1 ,co4 ,l\?1 & ! o!r on a cross at ,kells1 ,co4 ,mea?1 9 ,irel&72 & ?is anci5t =m ( fibula has surviv$1 & is 9 use at ! pres5t "t 9 ,alg]ia & else:]e4 ,! example at ,mona/]boice#dag is on ! bottom panel ( ! side ( ! %aft ( ! cross ( ,muir$a* 7or ,murdo*71 :i* 0 erect$ 9 ,a4,d4 #ibd4 ,! sc5e repres5t$ on ! panel has be5 conjectur$ by ! late ,pr(4 ,j4 ,o4 ,we/wood1 f its simil>ity to a m9iature 9 ! ,book ( ,kells at ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 to be int5d$ = ,*ri/ seiz$ by ! ,jews4 ,if ?is be s1 ! c5tral figure is our ,"l1 & on ea* side is a soldi] arm$ ) a drawn sword4 ,! sculpture is 9 good pres]vation1 consid]+ its great age1 & ! details ( ! co/ume1 :i* are v elaborate1 c be made out fairly well4 ,our ,"l we>s a sort ( cloak ) a p5annul> broo* fix$ on ,8 "r %\ld]4 ,! split 9 ! r+ ( ! broo* faces d[nw>ds1 & ! p9 is incl9$ upw>ds at an angle ( ab\t #cj degrees to ! horizontal1 ! po9t be+ outw>ds4 ,probably ! heavy head ( ! p9 is plac$ d[nw>ds because its weight w\ld always t5d to br+ x to ?is position1 z ! "o ( mo/ /able equilibrium1 b x may also h be5 to avoid injury f ! po9t ( ! long p94 #dag ,illu/rat$ ,ar*ologi/ = #ahic1 p4 #afd4 ,illu/ration3 ,,biskra ,,woman ,,we>+ ,a ,,pair ,,( ,,p5annul> ,,broo*es1 ,,! ,,ends ,,( ,,! ,,p9s ,,po9t+ ,,upw>ds ,! second example is on ! bottom panel ( ! side ( ! brok5 cross-%aft 9 ,kells#dah *ur*y>d4 ,! exact date ( ?is monum5t is unkn[n1 b x is probably ( ! n9? or t5? c5tury4 ,! subject on ! panel is ! ,baptism ( ,*ri/1 ) ! s\rces ( ! two imag9>y riv]s1 ,jor & ,dan1 :i*1 :5 unit$1 7 suppos$ to contribute _! wat]s to ! ,jordan1 indicat$ conv5tionally 9 a mo/ rem>kable mann]4 ,john ! ,bapti/ p\rs ! wat] ov] ! head ( ,*ri/ ) a sort ( ladle4 ,above is ! ,holy ,dove1 & on ! left are two figures we>+ p5annul> broo*es exactly 9 ! same mann] z on ! ,mona/]boice cross1 ) ! p9 po9t+ upw>ds4 ,9 ! case ( ! figure fur!/ to ! left1 ! end ( ! long p9 is ins]t$ a second "t into ! fabric ( ! dress1 beyond ! r+4 ,! me?od ( we>+ ! p5annul> broo* at ! pres5t day 9 ,alg]ia is cle>ly indicat$ on ! reproduction ( a photograph#dai "h giv54 ,! only diff]5ce 9 ! way ( we>+ ! broo* 9 ,alg]ia & 9 anci5t ,irel& is1 t 9 ! =m] case !y are worn 9 pairs in/ead ( s+ly1 & !re is a connect+ *a9 ) a small p5dant sc5t-box hung f ! middle4 ,! size ( ! box is exagg]at$ out ( all proportion by be+ plac$ ne>] ! cam]a ?an ! re/ ( ! figure4 #dah ,illu/rat$ ,ar*ologi/ = #ahic1 p4 #afe4 #dai ,obta9$ f ,alb]t ,hautecur1 #b1 ,b\lev>d des ,capuc9es1 ,p>is4 ,9 ,great ,brita9 ! p5annul> broo*es appe> to h be5 worn s+ly1 z !y are nev] f\nd 9 pairs2 ?us (f]+ a contra/ to ! ,sc&9avian b[l-%ap$ broo*es1 :i* are always f\nd 9 pairs1 & 7 connect$ by a *a91 z 9 ! case ( ! ,alg]ian broo*es4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to "k h[ ! p5annul> =m ( broo* 0 fir/ introduc$ into ?is c\ntry1 = its seems h>dly conceivable t x c\ld h be5 inv5t$ "h1 or else x w\ld n be f\nd 9 ,alg]ia1 :i* nev] _h any connection ) ,great ,brita91 x be+ extremely unlikely t s peculi> a type ( broo* 0 evolv$ indep5d5tly 9 ! two c\ntries4 ,! mo/ probable sugge/ion is t ! ,alg]ians & ! anci5t ,iri% got x f a common s\rce1 namely1 ! ,ea/1 & t its introduction into our own isl&s dates f ! "t :5 ! traffic 9 silv] bullion f ! ,ea/ comm5c$4 ,! exi/5ce ( a trade r\te :i* 0 made use ( by ! deal]s 9 silv] bullion is made cle> by ! numb] ( f9ds ( ,mahom$an silv] co9s associat$ ) +ots1 r+s1 & ornam5ts ( silv]1 made bo? 9 ,sc&9avia & 9 ,great ,brita94 ,dr4 ,hans ,hildebr&1 9 8 ,indu/rial ,arts ( ,sc&9avia 7p4 #ha71 in=ms u t 8consid]able /ores ( su* co9s1 mo/ ( !m ( ! ,samanid dyna/y1 h be5 f\nd 9 ,sw$54 ,x is satisfactorily prov$ by ,russian f9ds1 t ^! co9s 7 br\ght f /ates ne> ! ,caspian ,sea1 ?r\gh ,russia to ! %ores ( ! ,baltic ,sea1 & !nce to ! comm]ce e/abli%$ by ! inhabitants ( ,gotl& ov] to t isl&4 ,f ,gotl&1 & probably also by direct int]c\rse ) ,russia1 ! ,mahom$an co9s 7 spread ov] ,sc&9avia1 be+ ( c\rse m common 9 ! ea/]n prov9ces ( ,sw$5 ?an 9 ! we/]n & 9 ,norway40 ,no less ?an #bj1jjj ,mahom$an silv] co9s h already be5 discov]$ 9 ,sw$51 mo/ly dat+ betwe5 ,a4,d4 #hhj & #iee1 ! late/ belong+ to ! ye> ,a4,d4 #ajaj4 ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,ornam5t ,,on ,,! ,,t>a ,,broo* ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,ornam5t ,,on ,,! ,,t>a ,,broo* ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,ornam5t ,,on ,,! ,,t>a ,,broo* ,p5annul> broo*es h be5 f\nd 9 association ) ,mahom$an co9s ( ! n9? & t5? c5turies1 at ,skaill1 9 ,orkney2 at ,/orr1 9 ,skye2 & at ,cu]dale1 ne> ,pre/on1 9 ,lanca%ire4 ,al?\gh ! g5]al =m ( ! p5annul> broo* is probably ( ,ea/]n orig91 ! decorative features v>y accord+ to ! race ( p :o adopt$ x4 ,?us ! examples f ,alg]ia h ,mahom$an ornam5t2 ^? f ,gotl&1 ,sc&9avian patt]ns2 :il/ ^? f ,irel& & ,scotl& are ?or\ghly ,celtic 9 design4 ,) ! decoration ( ! =eign specim5s we are n n[ conc]n$1 b a few words ) reg>d to ! v>i\s types f\nd 9 ,great ,brita9 w =m a fitt+ conclusion to ?is article4 ,! f9e/ collections ( p5annul> broo*es are to be se5 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ! ,national ,museum ( ,antiquities ( ,scotl&1 9 ,ed9burgh1 & 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy 9 ,dubl94 ,a few good specim5s are 9 private h&s1 & !re is a spl5did "o f ,orton ,sc>1#dbj 9 ,we/morel&1 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,society ( ,antiqu>ies at ,burl+ton ,h\se4 #dbj ,reliqu>y = #aijc1 p4 #bjc4 ,! portions ( ! broo*1 ! =ms ( :i* are alt]$ s z to adapt !m bett] to ! reception ( ornam5t1 are ! head ( ! p9 & ! two t]m9ations ( ! r+1 :]e ! break occurs4 ,! two *ief ways ( alt]+ ! %apes ( ^! p>ts are 7#a7 by mak+ !m sph]ical1 & 7#b7 by exp&+ into a wide flat surface2 ! object 9 bo? cases be+ to increase ! area available = decoration4 ,sometimes1 also1 ! r+ & ! long end ( ! p9 are flatt5$ & wid5$ = a simil> purpose4 ,z an example ( a p5annul> broo* ) bulb\s t]m9ations to ! r+ & head ( ! p91 we h "o f ,co4 ,kild>e 9 ,irel& 7,r4,i4,a4 photo1 ,b #agb74 ,! knobs are cov]$ ) a prickly ornam5t produc$ by incis$ l9es drawn diagonally 9 two directions1 cross+ ea* o!r1 giv+ ! :ole ! appe>ance ( ! head ( a ?i/le4 ,sev]al broo*es ( ?is k9d h be5 obta9$ f diff]5t localities 9 ,irel&1 & !re 0 "o along ) ! ?ree broo*es ( ! type ) flatt5$ & exp&$ ends f\nd ) ! ,ardagh ,*alice--a ho>d ( objects ( purely ,iri% types--b _! ornam5tation appe>s to be m ,sc&9avian ?an ,celtic4 ,"o ( ! be/ specim5s f ,skaill1 9 ,orkney1 n[ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum1 has a p9 #a foot #c in*es long1 & ! bulb\s ends cov]$ ) zomorphic designs simil> to ^? on ! ,manx crosses1 & on an iron axe-head inlaid ) silv] f ! ,mamm5 ,h[1#dba ,d5m>k4 #dba ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,pagan ,times3 ,iron ,age1 p4 #ig4 ,we next come to broo*es ) discoidal t]m9ations1 ( a date n lat] ?an ! beg9n+ ( ! n9? c5tury1 z ! simple/ example ( :i* may be tak5 "o f ,croy1 9 ,inv]ness-%ire 7,scotl& 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,times1 #bnd s]41 p4 #bc74 ,ano!r1 f\nd ne> ,p]? 7ibid41 p4 #ba71 has ?ree rais$ heads on ea* disc2 :il/ "o f ,rog>t1 9 ,su!rl&%ire 7ibid41 p4 #g71 has f\r rais$ heads outside ! circumf]5ce ( ! disc1 s t ! t]m9ations are alt]$ into ! %ape ( a quatrefoil4 ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,ornam5t ,,on ,,! ,,t>a ,,broo* ,,9 ,,! ,,dubl9 ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,ornam5t ,,on ,,! ,,t>a ,,broo* ,,9 ,,! ,,dubl9 ,,museum ,la/ly1 we h broo*es ) flat exp&$ ends to ! r+1 ( :i* k9d ?ree specim5s 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy at ,dubl9 are illu/rat$1 9 ord] to %[ ! way ( ornam5t+ ! expansions ) "o1 f\r1 & five rais$ bosses1 hav+ zomorphic designs on ! backgr\nd 7,r4,i4,a4 photos1 ,b #afc & ,b #afd74 ,! area ( ! head ( ! p9 available = decoration is increas$ by mak+ x into a cyl9drical tube4 ,9 ! f9al /age ( ! developm5t ( ! p5annul> broo* 9 ,irel& x ceas$ to be p5annul>1 if we may be p]mitt$ to use su* an ,iri% expression4 ,! break 9 ! r+ 0 entirely fill$ up1 al?\gh its position c /ill be trac$ by ! me?od ( arrang+ ! patt]n1 :i* surviv$ 9 its old =m long aft] ! split _h disappe>$4 ,! celebrat$ ,t>a ,broo*1 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy 7,r4,i4,a4 photo1 ,a #afa71 af=ds a /rik+ example ( ?is4 ,! do+ away ( ! break 9 ! r+ mu/ h entirely defeat$ ! orig9al purpose ! broo* 0 int5d$ to s]ve1 & x w\ld1 !re=e1 appe> t ^! highly decorat$ broo*es 7 made r = c]emonial use1 ?an to be ( any practical value z dress-fa/5]s4 ,x may be po9t$ out t all ! *>act]i/ic modifications ( ! =m ( ! p5annul> broo* made by ! ,celtic arti/ arose f 8 desire to provide m space = ! ornam5tal patt]ns1 :i* 7 ! v salt ( 8 exi/5ce4 ,dr4 ,joseph ,&]son contributes ! foll[+ note apropos ( ! long p93-- 8,9 ! ,brehon ,laws1 vol4 iii41 p4 #bia1 m5 are exempt$ f liability to f9e = injury f ! p9 ( _! broo* 79 a cru%8 or at a fair87 if !y h ! broo* on _! %\ld] s z n to project beyond x4 ,wom5 also are exempt if !y h _! broo* simil>ly on _! bosom40 ,vol4 iv41 p4 #cbc1 8a preci\s broo* wor? an ounce ( silv]8 is enum]at$ among ! cu/om>y insignia ( a *ief40 ,! ,t>a ,broo*#dbb 0 f\nd 9 #ahej by "s *ildr5 :il/ play+ on ! /r& ne> ,drogh$a1 ,co4 ,mea?4 ,x 0 (f]$ by ! "m ( ! *ildr5 to a deal] 9 metals 9 ,drogh$a1 b he refus$ to pur*ase x1 aft] :i* %e took x to a wat*mak] 9 ! t[n1 :o gave h] a trifle = x4 ,! wat*mak] clean$ x up1 & subsequ5tly sold x to ,messrs4 ,wat]h\se1 ( ,dame ,/reet1 ,dubl94 ,! ,t>a ,broo* is n[ 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy4 ,! body ( ! broo* is made ( an alloy ( copp] & t9 call$ :ite bronze1 & ! decorations ) :i* x is encru/$ consi/ ( gold filigree 9 small recess$ panels1 niello1 enamel1 & sett+s ( amb] & glass4 ,! ornam5t includes int]lac$-"w1 spirals1 /ep-patt]ns1 scrollwork1 zomorphs1 & an?ropomorphs4 ,! spiralwork is ( ! be/ k9d1 su* z is only f\nd 9 ,,mss4 l ! ,book ( ,kells4 ,! designs on ! back ( ! broo* appe> to be *as$ or cut into ! solid metal ( ! body1 & n compos$ ( plaques fix$ on ) rivets4 ,att5tion %\ld be p>ticul>ly direct$ to ! r[s ( birds1 ea* bit+ ! leg ( ! "o 9 front ( x1 on ! back ( ! broo*4 ,simil> designs occur 9 ! ,l9disf>ne ,gospels#dbc & on a cross-%aft f ,ab]lady1#dbd n[ at ,c>l[rie ,ca/le1 ne> ,kirkli/on1 ,l9li?g[%ire1 cle>ly %[+ ,nor?umbrian influ5ce1 z bird-motiv$ ornam5t ( ?is k9d is 9 no way *>act]i/ic ( pure ,iri% "w4 #dbb ,h4 ,o',neill's ,f9e ,arts ( ,anci5t ,irel&1 p4 #di4 #dbc ,publication ( ! ,palographical ,soc41 & ,g4 ,f4 ,w>n]'s ,illum9at$ ,manuscripts 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 #crd s]ies4 #dbd ,all5 & ,&]son's ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,monum5ts ( ,scotl&1 p4 #dbh4 ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,ornam5t ,,on ,,! ,,t>a ,,broo* ,,9 ,,! ,,museum ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,iri% ,,academy1 ,,dubl9 ,!re are sev]al beautiful p5annul> broo*es 9 ! ,national ,museum ( ,antiquities ( ,scotl&1 at ,ed9burgh1 mo/ ( :i* are describ$ & illu/rat$ 9 ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,times s]ies4 ,! f9e/ ( ^! is ! ,hunt]/on ,broo*1#dbe :i* has a ,runic inscription ^u x & is decorat$ ) int]lac$-"w1 zomorphs1 & spiralwork almo/ equal to t on ! ,t>a ,broo*4 ,! ,cadboll ,broo*#dbf f ,rog>t1 ,su!rl&%ire1 & a broo* f ,p]?#dbg are also v beautiful examples4 ,! be/ examples ( e>ly ,iri% ornam5tal lea!rwork are ! sat*el ( ! ,book ( ,armagh#dbh 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl91 & ! sat*el ( ,/4 ,mo$og's reliqu>y#dbi 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy4 ,! patt]ns on ! =m] consi/ ( int]lac$-"w & zomorphs1 & ^? on ! latt] ( int]lac$-"w only4 ,!re are also specim5s ( lea!r %oes 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy ) ,celtic ornam5t ^u !m4#dcj ,!re are v few objects ( wood or bone n[ 9 exi/5ce :i* exhibit ,celtic ornam5t ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod4 #dbe ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son's ,scotl& 9 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,times1 #bnd s]41 p4 #b4 #dbf ,ibid41 p4 #g4 #dbg ,ibid41 p4 #ba4 #dbh ,rev4 ,j4 ,p4 ,mahaffy's ,book ( ,tr9ity ,college4 #dbi ,ar*logia1 vol4 xliii41 p4 #aca4 #dcj ,sir ,w4 ,wilde's ,catal4 ,mus4 ,r4,i4,a41 p4 #bhd4 ,,*apt] ,,vii ,,celtic ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,p]iod ,,te*nical ,,processes ,,& ,,mat]ials ,,employ$ ,,dur+ ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,celtic ,,p]iod ,,9 ,,great ,,brita9 ,ecclesia/ical & o!r ,,mss4 writt5 on %eets ( vellum & b\nd up 9 ! =m ( a book 7 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry ) ,*ri/ianity4 ,! mat]ials & tools us$ by ! ,celtic scribes & illum9ators probably did n diff] to any great ext5t f ^? us$ ?r\gh\t ,europe dur+ ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! p>*m5t ( ! ,iri% ,,mss4 is1 h[ev]1 g5]ally mu* ?ick]#dca ?an t ( ! ,c>lov+ian & o!r =eign ,,mss4 ,! lett]s 9 ! ,iri% ,,mss4 ( ! be/ p]iod1 su* z ! ,book ( ,kells1 are compos$ p>tly ( extremely f9e l9es1 drawn ) a firm h&1 :i* gradually exp& 9 wid? to =m ! o!r p>ts ( ! lett]s4 ,^! c\ld h>dly h be5 made ) a re$ or a bru%1 s t x is probable t ! p5s ( ! ,iri% scribes 7 made f ! quills ( swans1 geese1 cr[s1 & o!r birds4 ,! black ink us$ 9 ! ,iri% ,,mss4 is rem>kable = its blackness & durability2 & ,b$e1 ! hi/orian1 speaks highly 9 praise ( ! col\rs prep>$ 9 ,irel&1 & especially ( ! brilliancy & p]man5ce ( ! r$ made f :elks4#dcb ,"s col\rs1 su* z yell[1 are put on ?9 & transp>5t2 :il/ o!rs1 su* z r$1 h a ?ick body made ( titurat$ e>? or o!r skilfully prep>$ mat]ial1 mix$ ) "s /rong b9d+ mat]ial ( ! nature ( gum or v>ni%4#dcc #dca ,sir ,e4 ,m4 ,?ompson's ,greek & ,lat9 ,palography1 p4 #ch4 #dcb ,b$e's ,eccl4 ,hi/41 bk4 i41 *ap4 #a4 #dcc ,dr4 ,f]d9& ,kell] 9 ! ,ul/] ,j\rnal ( ,ar*ology1 vol4 viii4 ,! mat]ial employ$ = ! highly ornam5t$ sculptur$ monum5ts ( ! ,*ri/ian ,celtic p]iod 0 g5]ally t mo/ readily procurable on ! spot1 b a pref]5ce 0 always %[n = a free/one1 :i* c\ld be easily work$4 ,! great] proportion ( ! be/ crosses are c>v$ 9 a f9e-gra9$ s&/one4 ,9 ,cornwall granite 0 mo/ g5]ally us$1 al?\gh ,polyphant /one 0 also us$4 ,9 ! ,isle ( ,man ne>ly all ! crosses are ( slate4 ,h>d1 volcanic rocks 7 avoid$ :]e possible on acc\nt ( ! difficulty ( work+4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 crosses ( trap-rock at ,c>ew1 ,pembroke%ire1 & ,moel ,si>man1 ,brecknock%ire4 ,on "s ( ! crosses ! m>ks ( ! tool ) :i* !y 7 c>v$ c /ill be cle>ly se51 z on ! ,cross ( ,iltyd at ,llantwit ,major1 & ! cross-base at ,llangevela*1 bo? 9 ,glamorgan%ire4 ,z f> z x is possible to judge f ! tool-m>ks1 ei!r a pick or a po9t$ *isel mu/ h be5 employ$ by ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,celtic /one-c>v]s4 ,simil> tool-m>ks h be5 obs]v$ on ! cup-&-r+ sculptures ( ! ,bronze ,age4 ,9 ! *ur*y>d at ,kells1 ,co4 ,mea?1 !re is an unf9i%$ cross :i* is ( great int]e/ z %[+ ! exact me?ods us$ 9 ! con/ruction & decoration ( ?is class ( monum5t4 ,! /one 0 fir/ squ>$ & ! design r\ghly set out ^u x4 ,draughts 7 !n cut across ! faces1 leav+ c]ta9 portions /&+ out 9 high relief1 ^u :i* ! figure subjects 7 aft]w>ds sculptur$4 ,! unf9i%$ cross at ,kells 0 =m]ly ly+ on ! gr\nd1 b x has rec5tly be5 erect$ on its orig9al base1 :i* is also unf9i%$4 ,:5 ! crosses are con/ruct$ ( two or m pieces !y are fitt$ toge!r by means ( mortice & t5on jo9ts4 ,sometimes ! quadrants ( ! circul> r+ connect+ ! arms 7 made 9 sep>ate pieces1 z 9 ! case ( ! l>ge brok5 cross at ,iona4#dcd ,! metals 9 use dur+ ! ,*ri/ian ,celtic p]iod 7 gold1 silv]1 copp]1 lead1 bronze1 brass1 & o!r alloys4 ,^! 7 ca/ & wr\ght & ornam5t$ by means ( enamell+1 niello1 plat+1 gild+1 rep\ss "w1 *as+1 engrav+1 pi]c+1 inlay+1 filigree-"w1 ,tri*9opoly *a9work1 & sett+s ( preci\s /ones1 amb]1 & glass4 ,! diff]5t pieces ( ! metal objects 7 fix$ toge!r by rivets1 & if sold]+ & braz+ 7 kn[n1 !y 7 c]ta9ly n employ$ to any great ext5t4 ,ev5 :5 ! specim5s c be remov$ f _! %[-cases 9 museums & exam9$ c>efully by an exp]t x is n always possible to be c]ta9 ( ! exact te*nical processes by :i* ! v>i\s decorative effects h be5 produc$1 & unless ! objects c be dissect$ _m ( ! con/ructive features mu/ necess>ily be a matt] = conjecture4 ,! ,ardagh ,*alice & ! ,t>a ,broo* illu/rate ne>ly all ! mat]ials1 te*nical processes1 & me?ods ( con/ruction us$ at ?is p]iod4 #dcd ,proc4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,scot41 vol4 xxxv41 p4 #ij4 ,?ree diff]5t k9ds ( enamel are us$ 9 ! decoration ( ! ,ardagh ,*alice1 namely1 7#a7 a peculi> v>iety ( cloisonn 9 :i* ! comp>tm5ts1 or cloisons1 are all cut out ( a s+le piece ( metal & ! op5 framework ?us =m$ is press$ into ! surface ( ! enamel :5 s(t until x rises up & fills ea* comp>tm5t2 7#b7 a comb9ation ( cloisonn & *amplev enamel 9 :i* ! comp>tm5ts are all cut out ( a s+le piece ( metal1 "s be+ pi]c$ "r ?r\gh & ! rema9d] only sunk p>tially ?r\gh ! ?ickness ( ! metal2 ! framework is press$ into ! enamel :5 s(t1 ?us fill+ up ! op5 comp>tm5ts1 z 9 ! fir/ k9d j describ$1 & ! rema9+ dug-out comp>tm5ts are fill$ ) fusible enamel z 9 *amplev2 & 7#c7 a species ( *amplev enamel1 9 :i* ! surface ( a piece ( glass 0 engrav$ ) a design 9 intaglio & ! holl[s fill$ up ) an enamel ( a diff]5t col\r4 ,! ,celtic enamels ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod usually occur 9 ! =m ( small r\nd bosses1 ( :i* !re are good in/ances on ! ,ardagh ,*alice1 ! ,ardagh ,broo*1 ! ,t>a ,broo*1 ! ,lismore ,crozi]1 & ! ,cross ( ,cong4 ,! use ( b&s ( silv] ) bord]s ( niello is well illu/rat$ by ! head ( a crozi]#dce =m]ly belong+ to ! late ,dr4 ,w4 ,fraz]1 ,m4,r4,i4,a41 ( ,dubl94 ,portions ( ! silv] h be5 /ripp$1 %[+ h[ ! surface ( ! metal into :i* x 0 inlaid 0 r\gh5$ ) a po9t$ tool to make ! inlay adh]e bett]4 ,niello is a black composition made ( silv]1 lead1 sulphur1 & copp]1 :i* is r$uc$ to p[d] & plac$ 9 cavities or l9es cut = its reception 9 ! surface ( ! metal1 & aft]w>ds incorporat$ ) x by be+ pass$ ?r\gh ! furnace4 ,niello probably f\nd its way to ,irel& f ! ,ea/4 ,x 0 us$ by ! ,byzant9es z e>ly z ! beg9n+ ( ! n9? c5tury4#dcf #dce ,proc4 ,r4,i4,a41 #crd s]41 vol4 i41 p4 #bjg4 #dcf ,j4 ,h4 ,poll5's ,gold & ,silv]1 p4 #ec4 ,a peculi> k9d ( decoration :i* is specially *>act]i/ic ( ! e>ly ,iri% ecclesia/ical metalwork consi/s ( plates p]=at$ ) triangles1 squ>es1 & crosses1 s z to =m a geometrical patt]n4 ,! plates are usually ( bronze cov]$ ) silv]1 & ! contra/ betwe5 ! bright surface ( ! :ite silv] & ! pi]c$ portions ?r\gh :i* ! d>k bronze bel[ c be se5 gives ! g5]al appe>ance ( *equ]work4 ,!re are good in/ances ( ?is class ( decoration on ! ,%r9e ( ! ,bell ( ,/4 ,patrick's ,w1 & ! ,cumda*s ( ,dimma's ,book1 ! ,/[e ,missal1 & ! ,%r9e ( ,/4 ,mogue4 ,cruci=m pi]c$ "w ( a simil> k9d also occurs on an ivory ( ! t5? c5tury repres5t+ ! rais+ ( ! wid[ ( ,na9's son1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum2#dcg on an ivory ( ! t5? c5tury1 repres5t+ ,*ri/ 9 ! ,temple1 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,b]l92#dch & on ! *air ( ! image ( ,/4 ,fai?1 9 ! treasury ( ,conques#dci 7,aveyron74 ,! w>ds ( ecclesia/ical keys are (t5 made to =m cruci=m patt]ns1 z 9 ! case ( ^? ( ,netley ,abbey1 ,/4 ,s]rais ,mae/ri*t1 & ,lige4#ddj ,! cruci=m patt]ns on ! we/ face ( ! cross at ,dys]t ,o',dea1#dda ,co4 ,cl>e1 seem to be copi$ f metalwork4 #dcg ,j4 ,o4 ,we/wood's ,catal4 ( ,fictile ,ivories 9 ,s4 ,k4 ,mus4 #dch ,ibid4 #dci ,annales de la ,socit ,ar*ologique de ,bruxelles1 vol4 xv4 7#aija71 p4 #dcd4 #ddj ,le ,*ano9e ,r5s5s' lm5ts d',ar*ologie ,*rti5ne1 #bnd ed4 7,aix1 #ahhe71 vol4 i41 pp4 #bda & #bfb4 #dda ,j\r4 ,r4 ,soc4 ,ant4 ,irel&1 s]4 #e1 vol4 ix41 p4 #bea4 ,filigree-"w ( gold wire is us$ to make ! panels ( int]lac$-"w1 scrollwork1 & zomorphic designs ) :i* "s ( ! be/ specim5s ( ,*ri/ian ,celtic metalwork are decorat$1 su* z ! ,ardagh ,*alice1 ! ,t>a ,broo*1 ! ,hunt]/on ,broo*1 & ! ,clonmacnois ,p94 ,! filigree-"w is (t5 cov]$ ) m9ute granulations1 :i* add greatly to ! ri*ness ( ! effect produc$ by _! texture4 ,we h already ref]r$ to ! ,tri*9opoly *a9work ( silv] wire us$ 9 ! ,ardagh ,*alice1 ! ,t>a ,broo*1 & ! ,clonmacnois ,p94 ,?is k9d ( *a9work c be trac$ back to ! ,pagan ,celtic p]iod1 z *a9s ( simil> "* 7 f\nd ) ! ,late-,celtic gold coll> at ,limavady1 ,co4 ,londond]ry1 & ) ! pair ( silv]-gilt ,kelto-,roman fibul f ,*orley1 ,lanca%ire1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,sett+s ( coral & enamel 71 z we h se51 employ$ = ! decoration ( ! ,late-,celtic metalwork1 b 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,celtic p]iod num]\s o!r sub/ances 7 also employ$1 su* z glass1 rock cry/al1 amb]1 & o!r preci\s /ones4 ,9 "s cases ! sett+s ( /ones & glass 7 rectangul> ) a flat top & bevell$ edges1 b !y 7 m g5]ally r\nd1 oval1 or almond-%ap$ & 8tall[-cut10 i4e4 poli%$ )\t facets4 ,! process us$ = produc+ ! patt]ns on ! lea!r sat*els & %oes previ\sly m5tion$ 0 probably ( ! same nature z t by :i* ! cuir b\illi cases ( lat] times 7 decorat$4 ,objects ( wood1 bone1 ivory1 & pott]y & textile fabrics ( ! ,*ri/ian ,celtic p]iod are s r>e t !re is really no?+ to be said ab\t ! te*nical processes involv$ 9 _! manufacture4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,& ,,developm5t ,,( ,,e>ly ,,*ri/ian ,,art ,,9 ,,great ,,brita9 ,att5tion has be5 rec5tly direct$ to ! problem ( h[ decorative art 0 evolv$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 by ! primitive races ( mank9d 9 remote ages4 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,balf\r1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,h4 ,read1 & ,dr4 ,colley ,m>* h %[n u h[ mu* light may be ?r[n on ?is difficult "q by a critical exam9ation ( ! v>i\s =ms ( ornam5t us$ by ! savage--or1 r1 ! uncultur$--peoples exi/+ at ! pres5t day 9 c\ntries :]e !y h _h only limit$ opportunities ( com+ 9 contact ) mod]n civilisation4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 at lea/ z difficult a problem ne>] our own doors await+ solution1 namely1 t ( ! orig9 & developm5t ( e>ly ,*ri/ian decorative art 9 ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,?is problem is n "o ( a :olly uncultur$ race left to itself to "w out its own ideas1 z sugge/$ by ext]nal natural objects or o!rwise1 b x is a problem ( a race already 9 a /ate ( semi-culture be+ br\ght sudd5ly face to face ) a high] civilisation1 ?r\gh ! introduction ( a new religion1 & aft]w>ds influ5c+1 or be+ influ5c$ by1 o!r conqu]+ races--also 9 a /ate ( semi-culture--:om !y conv]t$ by mission>y ent]prise4 ,t is to say1 ! ,celts ( ,irel&1 ,scotl&1 ! ,isle ( ,man1 ,wales1 & ,cornwall became acqua9t$ ) ,italo-,byzant9e art :5 !y 7 fir/ ,*ri/ianis$1 ab\t ! middle ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,9 ! sev5? c5tury !y came 9 contact ) ! ,anglo-,saxons1 & 9 ! n9? ) ! ,norsem5 & ,danes4 ,x is ! object ( ! pres5t inquiry to det]m9e 9 :at measure ! ,*ri/ian art ( ?is c\ntry be=e ! ,norman ,conque/ 0 affect$ by ! absorption ( ^! new racial elem5ts4 ,! /yle ( art we are n[ deal+ ) 0 =m]ly1 q wrongly1 call$ ,runic1 because "s ( ! monum5ts on :i* *>act]i/ic =ms ( ornam5t occur be> ,runic inscriptions4 ,lat] au?orities h call$ ! /yle ,hib]no-,saxon1 ,kelto-,nor?umbrian1 ,celtic1 & ,iri%1 b ?is is simply begg+ ! :ole "q4 ,! t]m we h *os51 namely1 e>ly ,*ri/ian1 is sci5tifically correct1 & does n commit u to ! assumption ( any unprov$ facts4 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian art 9 ?is c\ntry is ess5tially decorative1 & to a less] ext5t symbolic4 ,! figure subjects are obvi\sly b>b>\s copies ( ,byzant9e orig9als1 = no matt] h[ !y are disguis$ by bad draw+ or incru/$ ) ornam5t1 ! conv5tional gr\p+ & accessories /ill rema9 to prove _! orig94 ,! m9iature ( ! ,temptation ( ,*ri/ 9 ! ,book ( ,kells is p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable in/ance ( a ,byzant9e design ,celticis$1 if "o may use ! expression4 ,comp>+ ?is ) a m9iature 9 ! ,psalt] ( ,missel9da 7,a4,d4 #ajff7 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,add4 #ai1ceb71 we f9d all ! ess5tial features ( ! sc5e ! same1 ev5 to ! black ,devil2 b 9 ! ,book ( ,kells ! ,temple ) its ,byzant9e cupolas has be5 conv]t$ into an ,iri% /one-ro($ oratory1 %ap$ l a metal %r9e ( ! p]iod1 & cov]$ ) ornam5t2 ! ,devil1 too1 has be5 decorat$ ) spiral curves aft] ! ,celtic fa%ion4 ,! m9iatures ( ! ,evangeli/s1 ) _! symbols1 :i* =m ! frontispieces ( ! ,iri% ,gospels1 are also tak5 f a ,byzant9e s\rce & simil>ly disguis$1 al?\gh n s effectually z to conceal _! d]ivation4 ,! ,iri% illum9ator put z mu* local col\r into 8 copy z a ,*9aman or a ,japanese w\ld1 b 9 a diff]5t way1 if told to make a replica ( an ,engli% picture4 ,9 di/ill+ ! orig9al ,byzant9e idea ?r\gh ! alembic ( ! m9d ( ! ,iri% scribe x has absorb$ s mu* ( 8 individuality t x assumes an ar*aic & semi-b>b>\s appe>ance :i* is v mislead+ at fir/ sight4 ,we hope to be able to %[ t "s ( ! elem5ts ( ! ornam5t may be trac$ to a ,byzant9e s\rce1 & t ! only ob/acle 9 ! way ( our at once recognis+ :5ce ! ,iri% design] receiv$ 8 inspiration is 8 m>vell\s p[] ( adaptation & skill 9 evolv+ fre% comb9ations ( simple elem5ts4 ,! anci5t ,iri% arti/s appe> 9 "s respects to h resembl$ ! ,japanese 9 ! rapidity ) :i* !y absorb$ new ideas & turn$ !m to good acc\nt 9 _! decorative designs4 ,! mat]ials available = ! /udy ( e>ly ,*ri/ian art 9 ,brita9 consi/ ( illum9at$ ,,mss41 ecclesia/ical & o!r metalwork1 sculptur$ monum5ts1 & a few miscellane\s objects4 ,i propose n[ to direct att5tion *iefly to ! sculptur$ monum5ts1 because !y af=d a mu* m c]ta9 means ?an any o!r ( det]m9+ ! *>act]i/ics ( ! v>i\s local /yles ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,if a monum5t is f\nd 9 a p>ticul> di/rict1 x may g5]ally be assum$ t x 0 ! art product ( ! di/rict1 unless !re is "s special reason = ?9k+ o!rwise4 ,! numb] ( ,,mss4 & examples ( metalwork is comp>atively mu* small] ?an ! numb] ( monum5ts1 & x is only 9 a few exceptional cases t a ,,ms4 c be trac$ to ! mona/ic e/abli%m5t :]e x 0 writt54 ,9 ,scotl&1 = example1 al?\gh ri*] ?an any o!r "p ( ,great ,brita9 9 sculptur$ monum5ts1 ! ,book ( ,de] is ! only pre-,norman ,,ms4 kn[n to h be5 writt5 !re4 ,wales1 aga91 c only claim ! ,psalt] ( ,ricem>*us4 ,i am ( op9ion t if we are ev] to arrive at any def9ite conclusions ) reg>d to ! evolution ( e>ly ,*ri/ian art 9 ,great ,brita91 x mu/ be by means ( a c>eful exam9ation & comp>ison ( ! m9ute details ( ! ornam5t4 ,! sci5ce ( palography is entirely f\nd$ on ! obs]vation ( e small v>iation 9 ! =m ( ea* lett]1 & if ! same tr\ble 0 tak5 ) ornam5t equally valuable results w\ld be obta9$4 ,we w n[ proce$ to analyse ! decorative features ( ! monum5ts1 & endeav\r to f9d an orig9 = ! compon5t elem5ts :i* g to make up ! /yle4 ,i mu/ assume ! read] to possess a c]ta9 am\nt ( acqua9tance ) ! art ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian p]iod1 & to "k :at is meant by mo/ ( ! te*nical t]ms1 b ,i %all give examples ( ! v>i\s classes ( patt]ns 9 case anyone %\ld be unfamili> ) _! appe>ance4 ,broadly speak+1 e>ly ,*ri/ian ornam5t 9 ,great ,brita9 is made up ( ! foll[+ elem5ts1 g5]ally arrang$ 9 sep>ate panels3-- 7#a7 ,int]lac$-"w4 7#b7 ,/ep-patt]ns4 7#c7 ,key-patt]ns4 ,geometrical4 7#d7 ,spirals4 ---------------------------------------- ------------- 7#e7 ,zomorphic ,designs4 ,sugge/$ by ,animal1 7#f7 ,an?ropomorphic ,designs4 ,human1 & ,vegetable ,=ms4 7#g7 ,phyllomorphic ,designs4 ,n[ ! "q is1 :at are ! possible or probable s\rces :5ce ea* ( ^! diff]5t k9ds ( patt]ns 0 d]iv$8 ,fir/ ( all1 !re are ! native & import$ /yles ( decorative art exi/+ 9 ,great ,brita9 previ\s to ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity 7circa ,a4,d4 #dej71 compris+ ! art ( ! ages ( ,/one1 ,bronze1 & ,iron1 & ,romano-,briti% art4 ,next1 ! ext]nal influ5ces :i* came into play aft] ,a4,d4 #dej1 & be=e ,a4,d4 #ajff1 7 ,italo-,byzant9e1 ,anglo-,saxon1 ,franki%1 & ,sc&9avian4 ,e>ly ,*ri/ian art 9 ,great ,brita9 0 produc$1 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 by graft+ ! ,italo-,byzant9e /yle ^u ! native /yle ( ! ,iron ,age 7sometimes call$ ,late-,celtic71 & 0 subsequ5tly modifi$ by ,anglo-,saxon & ,sc&9avian influ5ce4 ,( ! =ms ( decoration us$ 9 ! ,/one ,age 9 ?is c\ntry we "k h>dly any?+1 & !re=e !y w n come )9 ! scope ( our inve/igations4 ,! ornam5tal patt]ns ( ! ,bronze ,age1 z f> z we are acqua9t$ ) !m f a /udy ( ! sepul*ral urns1 implem5ts1 p]sonal ornam5ts1 & sculptur$ ci/s & *amb]$ tumuli1 are ( a v simple description1 consi/+ *iefly ( *evrons1 conc5tric circles1 & rudely drawn spirals4 ,! latt] may h be5 ! =]unn]s ( ! beautifully design$ volutes ( ! ,iron ,age1 ! ne>e/ approa* to p]fection be+ on ! sculptur$ slab at ! entrance to ! ,new ,grange tumulus1 ,co4 ,mea?1 & on ! slabs =m+ ! sides ( a *amb]$ cairn at ,clov] ,hill1 ,co4 ,sligo4 ,:5 we come d[n to ! ,iron ,age we f9d a v beautiful & ref9$ sy/em ( decoration appli$ to bronze objects1 su* z h&-mirrors1 %ields1 helmets1 sword-%ea?s1 & horse-trapp+s1 ! lead+ motif ( :i* is ! div]g5t1 or trumpet-%ap$ spiral4 ,?is /yle ( decoration has receiv$ ! "n ,late-,celtic 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ,la ,tne on ! ,cont95t4 ,no "o c fail to be /ruck ) ! simil>ity betwe5 ! ,late-,celtic spiral ornam5t & t f\nd 9 ! e>ly ,iri% ,,mss41 ! patt]ns 9 "s cases be+ absolutely id5tical4 ,x is ?us possible to trace ?is p>ticul> elem5t 9 ! decorative art ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian p]iod to a native ,pagan s\rce4 ,late-,celtic objects h be5 f\nd 9 all p>ts ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 b probably ! /yle ( decoration only surviv$ into ,*ri/ian times 9 ,irel&1 al?\gh !re is really no reason :y x %\ld n h done s else:]e--9 ! nor? ( ,scotl&1 = in/ance1 :i* 0 q z mu* cut (f f civilisation z ,irel& dur+ ! ,saxon conque/s4 ,! close/ resemblance betwe5 ! spiral decoration ( ! ,pagan p]iod & t ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod is to be f\nd on ! discoidal ornam5ts ) patt]ns 9 *amplev enamel1 =m+ ! atta*m5ts ( ! h&les ( c]ta9 bronze b[ls1 sev]al examples ( :i* h be5 discov]$ f "t to "t 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,engl&4#ddb #ddb ,ar*ologia1 vol4 lvi41 p4 #dc4 ,i believe t ! only elem5t 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian decorative art 9 ?is c\ntry t c be trac$ to a native ,pagan s\rce is ! div]g5t spiral4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! ,iri% & ,saxon design]s d]iv$ "s ( _! ideas f ! ,roman pavem5ts1 b ,i c see no?+ 9 ! decoration ( ! ,,mss4 on monum5ts ( ! pre-,norman p]iod t c be fairly attribut$ to a ,romano-,briti% orig94 ,we h n[ to consid] ! ext]nal influ5ces :i* came into play aft] ! introduction ( ,*ri/ianity 7circa ,a4,d4 #dej74 ,fir/ among/ ^! 0 ! influ5ce ( ,italy1 & ?us m indirectly t ( ,byzantium4 ,x is to ?is s\rce t x is possible to trace ! int]lac$-"w & scrolls ( foliage :i* occur s frequ5tly on ! e>ly sculptur$ monum5ts 9 ,great ,brita94 ,we c ref] to no bett] text-book :il/ deal+ ) ?is portion ( our inve/igation ?an ,l',ar*itettura 9 ,italia1 by ,pr(essor ,raffaele ,cattaneo 7,v5ezia1 #ahhh71 :o1 by a c>eful /udy ( ! subject1 has be5 able to divide e>ly ,italian ecclesia/ical ar*itecture into ! foll[+ /yles & correspond+ p]iods3-- 7#a7 ,lat9o-,b>b>o ,a4,d4 #cjj to ,a4,d4 #fjj4 7#b7 ,bizant9o-,b>b>o ,a4,d4 #fjj to ,a4,d4 #hjj4 7#c7 ,italo-,bizant9o ,a4,d4 #hjj to ,a4,d4 #ajjj4 ,z an example ( ! fir/ p]iod we h ! ,ciborium 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,clem5te at ,rome 7,a4,d4 #ead-bc71 decorat$ ) plaitwork & foliage1 bo? evid5tly ( ,classical orig94 ,belong+ to ! second p]iod we h ! ,ciborium ( ,san ,giorgio di ,valpolicella#ddc 7,a4,d4 #gab71 decorat$ ) brok5 plaitwork1 & ! ,bapti/]y ( ,cividale 7,a4,d4 #gcg71 ) fully develop$ knotwork4 ,& belong+ to ! ?ird p]iod ! ,ciborium ( ,sant' ,apoll9>e 9 ,classe1 ne> ,rav5na 7,a4,d4 #hjf-af71 ) int]lac$-"w & foliage1 & a slab ov] ! alt> ( ,san ,giacomo1 at ,v5ice 7,a4,d4 #hbi71 ) circul> knotwork4#ddd #ddc ,also ! jambs ( ! doorway ( ! *apel ( ,s4 ,z5o 9 ! *ur* ( ,s4 ,prass$e1 ,rome 7,a4,d4 #ggb-ie74 #ddd ,slabs ( circul> knotwork are also to be se5 9 ! *ur* ( ,/a4 ,sab9a1 ,rome4 ,illu/ration3 ,,circul> ,,knotwork ,,on ,,slab ,,9 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/a4 ,,sab9a1 ,,rome ,illu/ration3 ,,circul> ,,knotwork ,,on ,,slab ,,9 ,,*ur* ,,( ,,/a4 ,,sab9a1 ,,rome ,illu/ration3 ,,doorway ,,( ,,! ,,*apel ,,( ,s4 ,,z5o ,,9 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,s4 ,,prass$e ,,at ,,rome1 ,,%[+ ,,brok5 ,,plaitwork ,,on ,,jambs 7,a4 ,d4 #ddb ,,to #gie7 ,illu/ration3 ,pi]c$ ,m>ble ,scre5 at ,rav5na ,a c>eful exam9ation ( ^! specim5s %[s t ! plait 0 ! fir/ k9d ( int]lac$-"w employ$ = decorative purposes1 & t x 0 ( ,classical orig94 ,! plait z a decorative motive mu/ h be5 well kn[n to ! inhabitants ( ?is c\ntry dur+ ! ,roman occupation & imm$iately aft]1 f ! num]\s examples :i* occur on ,roman pavem5ts1 z at ,lydney ,p>k1 ,gl\ce/]%ire1 & else:]e4 ,knotwork 0 gradually evolv$ f ! plait by introduc+ breaks at regul> int]vals dur+ ! ,bizant9o-,b>b>o p]iod 7,a4,d4 #fjj to #hjj72 & subsequ5t to ?is we f9d /ill m complicat$ =ms ( int]lac$ patt]ns 7 introduc$1 :i* ,i propose to call circul> knotwork & triangul> knotwork4 ,! evid5ce ga!r$ f dat$ examples ( int]lac$-"w 9 ,italy t5ds to %[ t !re 0 a gradual advance 9 ! elaboration ( ! patt]ns z "t w5t on4 ,consequ5tly ! /yle c\ld n h be5 borr[$ en bloc by ,irel& f ,italy1 or vice v]s1 at "o "t2 b int]lac$ ornam5t mu/ h be5 a preval5t =m ( decoration ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ! ,we/ ( ,europe1 & ! /yle advanc$ 9 all ! diff]5t c\ntries simultane\sly1 !re be+ always a con/ant communication betwe5 ,rome & ! c5tres ( religi\s activity abroad4 ,"s races1 l ^? 9 ,great ,brita91 :o appe> to h _h a special gift = inv5t+ new patt]ns & comb9+ !m ) a s5se ( arti/ic fitness1 may h made m rapid /rides ?an _! neighb\rs & h influ5c$ ! developm5t ( ! /yle 9 consequ5ce1 b t is all t c be said4 ,illu/ration3 ,,key ,,patt]n1 ,s4 ,,apoll9>e ,,nuovo1 ,,rav5na ,illu/ration3 ,,v9e ,,scrolls1 ,s4 ,,apoll9>e ,,nuovo1 ,,rav5na ,two special peculi>ities ( ! ,italian int]lac$-"w1 z comp>$ ) t 9 ,great ,brita91 are ! ornam5t+ ( ! int]lac$ b&s ) two incis$ l9es in/ead ( "o1 & ! twi/+ toge!r two b&s at frequ5t int]vals1 ?us-- ,illu/ration ,! latt] feature1 :i* is cle>ly ,classical1 occurs frequ5tly 9 circul> knotwork 9 ?is c\ntry1 %[+ t circul> knotwork is ( ,italian orig94 ,! reason :y int]lac$-"w is *>act]i/ic ( e>ly ,*ri/ian decoration almo/ ?r\gh\t ! :ole ( ,europe1 :il/ spirals1 key-patt]ns1 foliage1 etc41 are conf9$ to p>ticul> limit$ areas1 ,i believe to be p>tly because ! numb] ( di/9ct patt]ns t c be produc$ f int]lac$-"w is f> great] ?an ^? :i* c be got f any o!r class ( ornam5t4 ,x is h>dly necess>y1 p]haps1 to enl>ge mu* ^u ! subject ( ! foliage ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian p]iod 9 ,great ,brita94 ,! scrolls ) conv5tionalis$ bun*es ( grapes are no d\bt desc5dants ( ! ,classical v9e2 ! involv$ birds1 bea/s1 etc41 be+ a lat] addition#dde ( ! ,bizant9o-,b>b>o1 or ,italo-,bizant9o p]iods4 ,foliage is unkn[n 9 ! ,pagan ,saxon1 ,sc&9avian1 or ,late-,celtic art1 & ! only o!r s\rce x c\ld h be5 d]iv$ f is ,italian art4 #dde ,or a sub/itution ( lat] =ms = ! ,cupids1 etc41 ( ! ,classical /yle4 ,we la/ly h to consid] ! p>ts play$ 9 ! developm5t ( e>ly ,*ri/ian art 9 ,great ,brita9 by ! ,anglo-,saxon & ! ,sc&9avian invad]s4 ,!re does n seem to be mu* evid5ce to %[ t ! ,saxons 7 ev] gift$ ) any great capacity = ornam5tal design1 al?\gh _! workman%ip (t5 rea*$ a high pit* ( excell5ce4 ,9 look+ ?r\gh ! plates ( ! mo/ rec5t "w on ,! ,indu/rial ,arts ( ! ,anglo-,saxons1 by ! ,b>on ,j4 de ,baye1 "o is /ruck ) ! extremely limit$ range ( imag9ation display$ 9 ! design ( ! patt]ns4 ,int]lac$-"w 7b ( a debas$ k9d7 occurs on "s ( ! sword-hilts & buckles1 ! latt] evid5tly be>+ a rem>kable aff9ity to ! ,m]ov+ian buckles4 ,a radiat$ fibula f\nd at ,se>by1 9 ,l9coln%ire1 exhibits a diagonal key-patt]n simil> to t f\nd 9 ! ,iri% ,,mss4 ,f> ! mo/ beautiful specim5s ( ,saxon jewell]y1 h[ev]1 are ! circul> broo*es ) cloisonn ornam5t4 ,! disc-%ap$ surface ( ^! broo*es is brok5 up into little comp>tm5ts1 :i* are fill$ 9 ) ?9 slabs ( col\r$ glass1 g>nets1 etc4 ,! n>r[ b&s ( gold :i* sep>ate ! comp>tm5ts f ea* o!r are zigzagg$ at "r angles1 or /epp$1 & x is q possible t ! idea ( ! /epp$ patt]ns )9 circles1 :i* occur 9 ! decoration ( ! ,iri% ,,mss4 & on ! circul> enamell$ bosses on ! ,iri% ecclesia/ical metalwork1 may h be5 tak5 f ! circul> cloisonn ,saxon broo*4 ,x is only fair1 h[ev]1 to m5tion t circul> ornam5ts ( cloisonn enamel1 ) an approximation to a /epp$-patt]n1 are us$ 9 ! decoration ( ! magnific5t ,late-,celtic %ield f\nd 9 ! ,?ames at ,batt]sea1 & n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ,iri% int]lac$-"w 0 d]iv$ f ! rude int]lac$ patt]ns on ! ,saxon & ,m]ov+ian buckles1 b ?is appe>s to me mo/ unlikely4 ,m4 ,paul du ,*aillu1 9 8 ,vik+ ,age1 has endeav\r$ to %[ t ! ,anglo-,saxons d]iv$ _! art su* z x is f ,nor!rn r ?an f ,c5tral or f ,we/]n ,europe2 b 8 views w n receive fav\r at ! h&s ( ! sci5tific ar*ologi/ :o relies on h>d facts to make good 8 cont5tions4 ,! =ms & ornam5tal details ( ! buckles & o!r objects f\nd ) ,saxon burials 9 ! s\? ( ,engl& und\bt$ly %[ m aff9ity ) ,m]ov+ian grave-goods ?an ) any?+ emanat+ f ,norway1 ,sw$51 or ,d5m>k4 ,al?\gh no trace ( ,sc&9avian influ5ce c be detect$ 9 ! ornam5tal patt]ns ( ! ,anglo-,saxons--at all ev5ts1 9 ! p]iod prec$+ ! ,vik+ conque/s 9 ! n9? & t5? c5turies--,i am n q s sure t "o ( ! elem5ts ( e>ly ,*ri/ian decorative art 9 ,great ,brita9 may n possibly be ( ,nor!rn orig91 namely1 ! zomorphic elem5t4 ,i put =w>d ?is sugge/ion ) ! greate/ diffid5ce1 & m]ely z a t5tative !ory until some?+ bett] c be f\nd to take its place4 ,zomorphism is n a m>k$ *>act]i/ic ( ,pagan ,saxon decorative art1 & !re=e1 9 ord] to acc\nt = ! pr$om9ance ( s-call$ dragonesque designs 9 ! e>ly ,iri% illum9at$ ,,mss41 we mu/ fall back on "o ( ! foll[+ alt]natives3 7#a7 t ^! patt]ns are ( native orig91 & 7 inv5t$ by ! ,iri%2 7#b7 t l ! spirals1 !y are ( ,late-,celtic orig92 & 7#c7 t !y are ( ,italo-,byzant9e d]ivation4 ,g5]al ,pitt-,riv]s & ,mr4 ,h5ry ,balf\r h giv5 u an insight ( ! mann] 9 :i* animal =ms1 by repeat$ copy+1 may deg5]ate into m]e ornam5t2 & at "o "t ,i ?\ght t e>ly ,*ri/ian zomorphism might h be5 ! result ( a process ( a rev]se nature4 ,x is possible to 8see snakes0 :5 look+ at a piece ( int]lac$-"w )\t necess>ily suff]+ f excess ( alcoholism4 ,?us zomorphic designs might h be5 evolv$ f int]lac$-"w by mak+ ! b&s t]m9ate 9 heads & tails1 ! limbs foll[+ 9 due c\rse lat] on4 ,su* may h be5 ! process by :i* ! ,iri% illum9ator arriv$ at 8 zomorphism1 unless x c be %[n t he got x 9 "s o!r way4 ,animal =ms are comp>atively r>e 9 ,late-,celtic art1 & !y are n int]lac$1 s t x is almo/ useless to seek = ! orig9al inspir+ idea 9 ?is direction4 ,birds1 bea/s1 reptiles1 & o!r creatures--(t5 us$ symbolically--are frequ5tly se5 9 ,byzant9e art1 bo? 9 ! decorative features ( *ur*es & 9 ! bord]s ( ! ,,mss4 ,if x 0 !nce t ! e>ly ,*ri/ian zomorphs 9 ?is c\ntry took _! orig91 ,i fancy ! int]lacem5ts mu/ h be5 arriv$ at ei!r by plac+ ! creatures 9 pairs symmetrically fac+ ea* o!r1 or by contort+ _! bodies into unnatural attitudes4 ,9 ! case ( bea/s arrang$ 9 pairs1 ! fir/ /ep t[>ds int]lacem5t is to raise _! paws & !n to make !m cross4 ,! bea/s may also be plac$ ) _! necks cross$2 _! tails may gradually curl r\nd until !y pass ov] ! body1 & may be loop$ or knott$ to fill 9 a blank space2 & 9 endless o!r ways ! mo/ complicat$ =ms ( zomorphic int]lac$-"w may be evolv$ f simple beg9n+s4 ,dr4 ,hans ,hildebr&1 9 8 ,indu/rial ,arts ( ,sc&9avia 7p4 #ej71 expla9s 9 a mo/ +5i\s mann] h[ ! lion c\*ant1 :i* s (t5 appe>s 9 ,roman art1 =ms ! basis ( ! e>li] k9ds ( zomorphic ornam5t 9 ,sc&9avia4 ,! "q is1 did ! ,iri% evolve _! zomorphs indep5d5tly 9 a simil> way f a ,classical or ,byzant9e lion1 or did !y get ! idea f ! ,sc&9avians aft] !y _h s trans=m$ ! ,roman lion c\*ant t all resemblance to ! orig9al _h disappe>$8 ,! difficulty 9 settl+ ?is po9t is ! abs5ce ( accurately dat$ specim5s ( ,sc&9avian art workman%ip4 ,! panels ( zomorphic ornam5t on "s ( ! fibul ( ! ,lat] ,iron ,age1 illu/rat$ 9 ,dr4 ,hans ,hildebr&'s "w already ref]r$ to 7pp4 #eh-fe71 be> a v consid]able g5]al resemblance to ! panels ( int]lac$ bea/s 9 ! ,iri% ,,mss41 al?\gh ! details are work$ out diff]5tly4 ,! :ole "q turns on ! exact date ( ! ,gotl& broo*es4 ,if !y c be prov$ to be e>li] ?an ! "t :5 zomorphism fir/ appe>s 9 ! ,iri% ,,mss41 & if x is possible t ! communication betwe5 ,irel& & ,gotl& c be acc\nt$ = by ! trade 9 silv] objects & bullion exi/+ betwe5 ?is c\ntry & ! ,ea/1 !n !re is some?+ to be said = ! ,sc&9avian orig9 ( zomorphism 9 ,irel&4 ,i believe1 h[ev]1 t f ! evid5ce ( ! co9s f\nd ) ho>ds ( silv] objects1 ?is trade did n beg9 until ab\t ,a4,d4 #hjj4 ,att5tion mu/ "h be call$ to two po9ts :i* are common to ! zomorphic & an?ropomorphic designs ( ,sc&9avia & ( ,great ,brita91 namely1 7#a7 ! introduction ( spiral curves to repres5t conv5tionally ! folds ( ! sk9 :]e a limb jo9s ! body2 & 7#b7 ! introduction ( figures ( m5 grasp+ birds & bea/s1 or arrang$ swa/ica-wise grasp+ ea* o!r's limbs4 ,"h1 aga91 x is n easy to decide :e!r ^! features 7 inv5t$ indep5d5tly1 or :e!r !y 7 borr[$ by ! ,iri% f ,sc&9avia1 or by ! ,sc&9avians f ,irel&4 ,:atev] may be ?\ght ( ! possibility ( ! exi/5ce ( ,sc&9avian influ5ce on ,*ri/ian art 9 ?is c\ntry 9 its e>li] phases1 !re is pl5ty ( evid5ce ( ! developm5t ( an ,anglo-,sc&9avian /yle 9 p>ticul> di/ricts :]e ! ,norse elem5t 0 /rong1 z 9 ! ,isle ( ,man1 & ! adjo9+ coa/s ( ,cumb]l&1 ,lanca%ire1 & ,nor? ,wales1 & 9 ,orkney & ,%etl&4 ,! specially ,sc&9avian *>act]i/ics ( ! sculptur$ monum5ts 9 ! di/ricts specifi$ are z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,!re is a pr$om9ance ( patt]ns =m$ ( *a9s ( r+s4 7#b7 ,! b&s ( ! int]lac$-"w h a t5d5cy to bifurcate & break (f into scroll-l t]m9ations4 7#c7 ,! bea/s 9 ! zomorphic designs h two toes1 in/ead ( ?ree2 ! bodies are cov]$ ) scales2 ! attitude is peculi>1 ! head be+ b5t back & a cre/ issu+ f x ) f9-l app5dages 9 places2 & ! junction ( ! limbs ) ! body is conv5tionally indicat$ by spirals4 7#d7 ,among/ ! figure-subjects sc5es f ! my?ic-h]oic ,eddaic poems1 su* z ,sigurd ,fafni's bane1 ,?or fi%+ = ! ,midg>d-worm1 ,weyl& ,smi?1 etc4 ,ev5 9 ,norman times ,sc&9avian influ5ce is exhibit$ 9 ! details ( ! tympana at ,hov]+ham1 & ,s\?well ,m9/]1 ,notts1 & ,/4 ,ni*olas1 ,ipswi*4 ,! only elem5t 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian decorative art ! orig9 ( :i* we h n succe$$ 9 runn+ to e>? 9 ! prec$+ inve/igation is ! key-patt]n4 ,i v5ture to ?9k t ?is may h be5 sugge/$ by ! ,greek or ,roman fret1 & t ! ess5tially ,celtic "* imp>t$ to x 0 ! plac+ ( ! guid+ l9es 9 a diagonal direction ) reg>d to ! m>g91 in/ead ( p>allel to x4 ,i believe ! reason = ?is to be t exactly ! same sett+-out diagram 0 us$ bo? = ! int]lac$-"w & ! key-patt]n4 ,x is (t5 possible to trace ! orig9 ( key-patt]ns to ! necessities ( ! me?ods ( weav+ textile fabrics2 b ) reg>d to ! ones we are n[ consid]+ ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t _! beg9n+s are due to ! geometrical conditions impos$ by ! arrangem5t ( ! sett+-out l9es4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i wi% to emphasise ! fact t ! beauty & individuality ( ! ornam5tal designs f\nd 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian art 9 ,great ,brita9 are due *iefly to ! great ta/e ) :i* ! diff]5t elem5ts are comb9$ & ! exquisite f9i% lavi%$ ^u !m4 ,i _c see t x 9 ! lea/ detracts f ! praise due to ! orig9ators ( ! /yle if x c be %[n t ! ideas und]ly+ _m ( ! patt]ns 7 sugge/$ by a pre-exi/+ native /yle or adapt$ f a =eign "o4 ,int]lac$-"w1 key-patt]ns1 spirals1 & zomorphs are to be f\nd sep>ately 9 ! decorative art ( _m races & _m p]iods1 b n[h]e & at no "t h ^! diff]5t elem5ts be5 us$ 9 comb9ation ) su* consummate skill1 z 9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian p]iod 9 ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&4 ,,*apt] ,,viii ,,celtic ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,p]iod ,,! ,,lead+ ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,celtic ,,art ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,p]iod ,,9 ,,great ,,brita91 ,,& ,,! ,,g5]al ,,nature ,,( ,,its ,,decorative ,,& ,,symbolic ,,elem5ts ,! lead+ *>act]i/ics ( ,celtic art ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod are z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,! prom95ce giv5 to ! m>g9 or frame )9 :i* ! :ole design is enclos$4 7#b7 ,! arrangem5t ( ! design )9 ! m>g9 9 panels1 ea* conta9+ a complete piece ( ornam5t4 7#c7 ,! use ( sett+-out l9es = ! ornam5t1 plac$ diagonally ) reg>d to ! m>g94 7#d7 ,! use ( int]lac$-"w1 /ep-patt]ns1 key-patt]ns1 spirals1 & zomorphs 9 comb9ation4 7#e7 ,! geometrical p]fection ( all ! ornam5t4 7#f7 ,! sup]iority ( ! decorative designs to ! figure draw+4 ,!re are 9 ! _w two di/9ct s*ools ( decorative art1 "o :i* entirely ignores ! %ape ( ! surface to be ornam5t$1 & ! o!r :i* all[s ! cont\r ( ! m>g9 to influ5ce ! :ole design4 ,japanese art belongs to ! fir/ ( ^!1 & ,celtic art to ! second4 ,9 ! ,iri% illum9at$ ,,mss4 ! rectangul> %ape ( ! page det]m9es ! sett+-out ( ! design1 :i* is univ]sally enclos$ )9 a rectangul> m>g9 compos$ ( l9es ( v>i\s ?icknesses1 or )9 an ornam5tal panell$ frame4 ,! only exception is 9 ! case ( ! initial pages ( ! ,f\r ,gospels1 :]e ! m>g9 is incomplete1 s z to all[ ! extremities ( ! lett]s to project m ne>ly to ! edge ( ! page4 ,?is prom95ce giv5 to ! m>g9 (t5 greatly influ5ces ! designs )9 x1 m especially ! key-patt]ns ) diagonal sett+-out l9es4 ,9 sculptur$ /onework ei!r roll-m\ld+s or flat b&s =m ! m>g91 & 9 metalwork ! m>g9s are rais$ & ! panels sunk4 ,! panels )9 ! m>g9 are g5]ally rectangul>1 b sometimes !y are circul>1 annul>1 segm5tal1 triangul>1 etc4 ,! ornam5t 9 adjo9+ panels is seldom ( a simil> k9d1 & ! patt]ns are (t5 arrang$ on ! pr9ciple ( *equ]work1 s t if !re is a panel ( int]lac$-"w at ! left-h& upp] corn] ( ! page ( a ,,ms41 & a panel ( key-patt]n at ! left-h& l[] corn]1 ! ord] w be rev]s$ on ! opposite side ( ! page1 & ! key-patt]n w be at ! "r-h& upp] corn] & ! int]lac$-"w at ! "r-h& l[] corn]4 ,! diagonal sett+-out l9es are *iefly conf9$ to ! key-patt]ns1 &1 z we %all see subsequ5tly1 are ! orig9 ( ! peculi> =m ( ,celtic key-patt]n :i* 0 develop$ f ! ,greek fret4 ,! v>i\s motives t h be5 specifi$--namely1 int]lac$-"w1 /ep-patt]ns1 key-patt]ns1 spirals1 & zomorphs--are n always f\nd 9 comb9ation1 except 9 ! ,,mss41 sculptur$ /ones1 & metalwork ( ! be/ p]iod4 ,! /ep-patt]ns are1 z a rule1 only f\nd 9 ! e>ly ,,mss4 & on ! enamell$ sett+s ( metalwork4 ,foliage is a di/9ctly non-,celtic elem5t1 & :]ev] x occurs x is a pro( ( ,anglian influ5ce f ,nor?umbria4 ,z ! decad5ce ( ,celtic art set 9 ! spirals disappe>$ fir/1 & !n ! key-patt]ns1 leav+ only int]lac$-"w & zomorphs1 :i* surviv$ ev5 aft] ! ,norman conque/4 ,key-patt]ns surviv$ 9 a debas$ =m 9 ! ar*itectural details ( ! *ur*es ( ! twelf? c5tury 9 ,irel&1 b n 9 ,scotl& or ,wales4 ,by ! geometrical p]fection ( ! ,celtic ornam5t is meant t !re are h>dly ev] any mi/akes 9 ! sett+-out & complete execution ( ! designs4 ,?us 9 ! int]lac$-"w e cord laps "u & ov] ) unfail+ regul>ity 7nev] ov] two or "u two71 & all ! cords are jo9$ up s z n to leave any loose ends4 ,all ! details ( ! spiralwork are execut$ ) ! m9ute/ c>e1 & !re is nev] a brok5 l9e or pseudo-spiral4 ,9 ! zomorphic designs ! bea/s are all provid$ ) ! prop] numb] ( limbs & are complete 9 e respect d[n to ! smalle/ detail4 ,! inf]iority ( ! figure draw+ 9 ,*ri/ian ,celtic art to ! ornam5t w be dealt ) subsequ5tly 9 its prop] place4 ,we w n[ proce$ to exam9e 9 detail ! diff]5t motives made use ( 9 ! ,celtic art ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod 9 ,great ,brita94 ,,int]lac$-,,"w ,! int]lac$ ornam5t us$ 9 ,celtic art may be divid$ into ! foll[+ classes3-- 7#a7 ,regul> plaitwork1 )\t any breaks4 7#b7 ,brok5 plaitwork1 ) breaks made 9 an irregul> way4 7#c7 ,knotwork4 7#d7 ,circul> knotwork4 7#e7 ,triangul> knotwork4 7#f7 ,r+work or *a9work4 ,int]lac$-"w is ! pr$om9ant motive ( ! ,celtic /yle ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod4 ,x la/$ long] 9 "t ?an any o!r motive1 & its geographical di/ribution ext5ds ov] a l>g] area4 ,x is v seldom t "o motive is us$ by itself = ! decoration ( a /one monum5t1 metal object1 or page ( a ,,ms42 b :]e ?is is ! case ! motive *os5 is inv>iably int]lac$-"w1 & n a key-patt]n1 spiral1 or zomorph4 ,z in/ances ( sculptur$ monum5ts decorat$ entirely ) int]lac$-"w we h ! cross at ,neuadd ,si>man1 ,brecknock%ire1 & ! cross-%aft at ,/4 ,neot1 ,cornwall4 ,! evolution ( knotwork f plaitwork _c bett] be /udi$ any:]e ?an 9 ! decoration ( ! ,wel% crosses4 ,let u n[ endeav\r to trace ! v>i\s /ages 9 ! process by :i* ! high] =ms ( ,celtic int]lac$-"w 7 arriv$ at4 ,9 ,egyptian1 ,greek1 & ,roman decorative art ! only k9d ( int]lac$-"w is ! plait1 )\t any modification :atev]2 & ! man :o discov]$ h[ to devise new patt]ns f a simple plait by mak+ :at ,i t]m breaks laid ! f\ndation ( all ! wond]fully complicat$ & truly bewild]+ =ms ( int]lac$ ornam5t f\nd 9 su* a ma/]piece ( ! art ( illum9ation z ! ,book ( ,kells 9 ! libr>y ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl94 ,al?\gh we d n "k :o made ?is discov]y ( h[ to make breaks 9 a plait1 we "k pretty ne>ly :5 x 0 made4 ,9 ! decoration ( ! mosaic pavem5ts 9 ,great ,brita9 belong+ to ! p]iod ( ! ,roman occupation1 no in/ance1 z f> z ,i c asc]ta91 exi/s ( ! introduction ( a break 9 a plait2 nor is !re any break 9 ! plaitwork on ! m>ble scre5 & ! capitals ( ! columns ( ! ciborium 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,clem5te at ,rome 7:i* are dat$ by ,r4 ,cattaneo#ddf betwe5 ,a4,d4 #ead & #ebc74 ,9 ! eigh? c5tury1 h[ev]1 !re are sev]al examples ) well-au!nticat$ dates ( ! use ( true knotwork 7z di/+ui%$ f plaitwork7 9 ! decoration ( *ur*es 9 ,italy2 namely1 on ! ciborium ( ,san ,giorgio at ,valpolicella#ddg 7,a4,d4 #gab72 on ! ,bapti/]y ( ,cali/us at ,cividale#ddh 7,a4,d4 #gcg72 & on ! jambs ( ! doorway ( ! ,*apel ( ,san ,z5o 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,san ,prass$e at ,rome#ddi 7,a4,d4 #ggb-gie74 #ddf ,l',ar*itettura 9 ,italia1 pp4 #bi & #ca4 #ddg ,ibid41 p4 #hj4 #ddh ,ibid41 p4 #hg4 #ddi ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xl41 p4 #aia4 ,x w\ld appe>1 !n1 t ! transition f plaitwork to knotwork took place betwe5 ! ,lomb>d conque/ ( ,italy "u ,albo9 9 ,a4,d4 #efc1 & ! ext9ction ( ! ,lomb>d mon>*y by ,*>lemagne 9 ,a4,d4 #ggd2 possibly dur+ ! reigns ( ,luitpr& 7,a4,d4 #gab-gcf7 & ,ra*is 7,a4,d4 #gdd73 = ! "n ( ! =m] k+ is m5tion$ 9 ! inscriptions on ! ,bapti/]y at ,cividale & ! ciborium ( ,san ,giorgio at ,valpolicella1 & ! latt] on ! alt> at ,cividale4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plaitwork ,,on ,,romano-,,briti% ,,pavem5t ,,at ,,lydney ,,p>k1 ,,gl\ce/]%ire 7,,six? ,,c5tury7 ,illu/ration3 ,,plaitwork ,,on ,,ciborium ,,9 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,san ,,clem5te1 ,,rome ,i n[ propose to expla9 h[ plaitwork is set out1 & ! me?od ( mak+ breaks 9 x4 ,:5 x is requir$ to fill 9 a rectangul> panel ) a plait ! f\r sides ( ! panel are divid$ up into equal p>ts 7except at ! ends1 :]e half a division is left71 & ! po9ts ?us f\nd are jo9$1 s z to =m a network ( diagonal l9es4 ,! plait is !n drawn ov] ^! l9es1 9 ! mann] %[n on ! accompany+ diagram4 ,! sett+-out l9es ought really to be d\ble s z to def9e ! wid? ( ! b& compos+ ! plait1 b !y are drawn s+le on ! diagram 9 ord] to simplify ! explanation4 ,illu/ration3 ,regul> plaitwork )\t any break ,illu/ration3 ,me?od ( mak+ breaks 9 plaitwork ,if n[ we desire to make a break 9 ! plait any two ( ! cords are cut asund] at ! po9t :]e !y cross ea* o!r1 leav+ f\r loose ends ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d4 ,to make a break ! loose ends are jo9$ toge!r 9 pairs4 ,?is c be done 9 two ways only3 7#a7 ,a c be jo9$ to ,c & ,d to ,b1 =m+ a v]tical break2 or 7#b7 ,a c be jo9$ to ,d & ,c to ,b1 =m+ a horizontal break4 ,! decorative effect ( ! plait is ?us entirely alt]$ by runn+ two ( ! me%es betwe5 ! cords into "o4 ,by cont9u+ ! process all ! knots mo/ commonly us$ 9 ,celtic decorative art may be d]iv$ f a simple plait4 ,illu/ration3 ,regul> plaitwork1 ) "o v]tical break & "o horizontal break ,illu/ration3 ,six-cord plait1 ) horizontal breaks at regul> int]vals #dej ,?is occurs on ! second panel ( ! cross at ,llanbad>n ,fawr4 ,let u proce$ to trace ! process ( ! evolution ( knotwork out ( plaitwork by actual in/ances tak5 f ! ,wel% crosses4 ,we h1 to />t )1 good examples ( plaits ( f\r1 six1 & t5 cords#dea )\t any breaks at ,nev]n1 ,pembroke%ire2 & ,llantwit ,major1 & ,m>gam1 ,glamorgan%ire4 ,next1 plaits ) a s+le break only are to be se5 at ,c>ew1 ,pembroke%ire1 & ,llantwit ,major1 ,glamorgan%ire2 !n plaits ) sev]al breaks1 made q reg>dless ( symmetry or ord]1 at ,gold5 ,grove1 ,c>m>!n%ire2 &1 la/ly1 breaks made at regul> int]vals1 at ,neuadd ,si>man1 ,brecknock%ire4 ,:5 ! breaks are made symmetrically at regul> int]vals1 & br\ght suffici5tly ne> toge!r1 ! plait ceases to be ! mo/ prom95t feature 9 ! design1 & 9 its place we get a patt]n compos$ entirely ( :at 7= want ( a bett] "n7 are call$ knots4 ,on "s ( ! ,wel% crosses 7z at ,c>ew & ,nev]n1 ,pembroke%ire71 h[ev]1 ! breaks are made ) suffici5t regul>ity & proximity to produce knots1 & yet ! knots !mselves are n symmetrically plac$4 ,! result is a class ( int]lac$-"w1 int]m$iate betwe5 plaitwork ) irregul> breaks & knotwork4 ,! same k9d ( ?+ is to be se5 on ! crosses at ,copple/on1 ,devon%ire2 & ,/4 ,neot1 ,cornwall4 #dea ,plaits ( an unev5 numb] ( cords are seldom us$1 because !y produce lopsid$ patt]ns4 ,illu/ration3 ,cross-%aft at ,gold5 ,grove1 ) panels ( irregul> brok5 plaitwork ,scale _/ l9e> ,illu/ration3 ,cross-%aft at ,llantwit ,major 7,no4 #e71 ,glamorgan%ire4 ,eight-cord plait1 ) cruci=m breaks ,scale _/ l9e> ,illu/ration3 ,eight-cord plaits1 ) cruci=m breaks ,illu/ration3 ,eight-cord plaits1 ) cruci=m breaks ,illu/ration3 ,six-cord plait1 ) cruci=m breaks 7,occurr+ at ,llanbad>n ,fawr7 ,illu/ration3 ,t5-cord plait1 ) cruci=m breaks 7,occurr+ at ,/4 ,neuadd ,si>man7 ,illu/ration3 ,knots d]iv$ f a ?ree-cord plait ,if two horizontal breaks & two v]tical breaks are made next to ea* o!r 9 a plait1 a space 9 ! %ape ( a cross is produc$4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ! int]lac$ patt]ns us$ 9 ,celtic decorative art are d]iv$ f a plait by mak+ cruci=m breaks at regul> int]vals4 ,!re are examples ( ?is 9 ,wales1 at ,neuadd ,si>man1 ,brecknock%ire2 ,llanbad>n ,fawr1 ,c>digan%ire2 & ,llantwit ,major1 ,glamorgan%ire4 ,x is n unlikely t symbolism _h some?+ to d ) ! frequ5t use ( ! cruci=m break4 ,!re are eight elem5t>y knots :i* =m ! basis ( ne>ly all ! int]lac$ patt]ns 9 ,celtic decorative art1 ) ! exception ( ^? already describ$4 ,two ( ! elem5t>y knots are d]iv$ f a ?ree-cord plait1 & ! rema9+ six f a f\r-cord plait4 ,illu/ration3 ,knot ,no4 #a ,illu/ration3 ,knot ,no4 #b ,knot ,no4 #a is d]iv$ f a ?ree-cord plait by mak+ horizontal breaks on "o side ( ! plait only1 & ,no4 #b by mak+ horizontal breaks alt]nately on "o side & ! o!r4 ,knot ,no4 #c is d]iv$ f a f\r-cord plait by mak+ horizontal breaks 9 ! middle ( ! plait4 ,knot ,no4 #d is d]iv$ f ,no4 #c by mak+ a horizontal break at ,a2 & ,no4 #e f ,no4 #d by mak+ a v]tical break at ,b & ,c4 ,knot ,no4 #f is d]iv$ f a f\r-cord plait by mak+ horizontal breaks 9 ! middle ( ! plait1 9 ! same way z 9 ! case ( knot ,no4 #c1 b clos] toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,knot ,no4 #d ,illu/ration3 ,knot ,no4 #c ,illu/ration3 ,knot ,no4 #e ,illu/ration3 ,knot ,no4 #g ,illu/ration3 ,knot ,no4 #f ,illu/ration3 ,knot ,no4 #h ,knot ,no4 #g is d]iv$ f ,no4 #f by mak+ a v]tical break at ,b2 & ,no4 #h f ,no4 #f by mak+ v]tical breaks at ,b & ,c4 ,if a s]ies ( knots repeat$ 9 a s+le r[ c be d]iv$ f a plait ( n b&s1 a s]ies ( ! same knots repeat$ 9 a d\ble r[ c be d]iv$ f a plait ( #bn b&s4 ,?us a patt]n compos$ ( knot ,no4 #a arrang$ 9 a d\ble r[ w\ld be d]iv$ f a plait ( six cords4 ,knots l ,nos4 #c & #d1 :i* are long] ?an !y are broad1 c be plac$ ei!r horizontally or v]tically4 ,?us ,no4 #c plac$ ) its long] axis v]tical c be d]iv$ f a f\r-cord plait1 b if plac$ horizontally x w\ld be d]iv$ f a six-cord plait4 ,illu/ration3 ,me?od ( d]iv+ ,knots ,nos4 #c & #f f a f\r-cord plait ,knot ,no4 #b does n occur on ! ,wel% crosses1 & ,no4 #a only 9 a d\ble r[1 z at ,neuadd ,si>man1 ,brecknock%ire4 ,?is patt]n is d]iv$ f a six-cord plait by mak+ horizontal breaks 9 ! two edges ( ! plait1 & v]tical breaks 9 ! middle1 ! /ages be+ %[n on ! annex$ diagram4 ,knot ,no4 #c1 9 a s+le r[ plac$ ) its long] axis v]tical1 occurs at ,ll&\gh1 ,glamorgan%ire1 &1 9 a s+le r[ plac$ ! o!r way1 at ,m>gam1 ,glamorgan%ire4 ,illu/ration3 ,knots ,nos4 #d1 #e1 #g1 & #h1 d]iv$ f a f\r-cord plait ,illu/ration3 ,knot ,no4 #a1 d]iv$ f ei!r a ?ree-cord or a six-cord plait ,illu/ration3 ,knots #c & #d1 d]iv$ f a six-cord plait ,illu/ration3 ,evolution ( ,knot ,no4 #a f a six-cord plait ,examples ( ! two knots1 ,nos4 #d & #e1 :i* are d]iv$ f ,no4 #c1 are to be se5 at ,baglan1 ,glamorgan%ire1 & ,p5ally1 ,pembroke%ire4 ,knot ,no4 #f1 9 a s+le r[1 occurs at ,llantwit ,major1 ,glamorgan%ire1 & its second d]ivative1 ,no4 #h1 at ,llantwit ,major1 & also at ,neuadd ,si>man1 ,brecknock%ire4 ,its fir/ d]ivative1 ,no4 #g1 is only us$ 9 a d\ble r[ on ! ,wel% crosses1 z at ,silian & ,maes ,myna*1 ,c>digan%ire1 & at ,p5ally1 ,pembroke%ire1 :]e ! knots h an extra spiral twi/4 ,! direction ( ! twi/ ( ! spirally b5t cord is ! same 9 bo? ! "r-h& & left-h& v]tical r[ ( knots1 al?\gh ! positions ( ! knots are diff]5t4 ,! m usual arrangem5t is to make ! cords twi/ 9 opposite directions1 z on ! annex$ diagram1 9 :i* ! evolution ( ! patt]n is %[n4 7,page #bga47 ,! cle>e/ pro( t ! spiral knot ,no4 #g 0 develop$ f plaitwork 9 ! mann] expla9$ is t on /ones at ,llang5ydd1 ,glamorgan%ire2 ,:i?orn1 ,wigt[n%ire2 ,ab]corn1 ,l9li?g[%ire2 & ,aycliffe1 ,co4 ,durham2 ! successive /ages ( developm5t c be easily trac$4 ,illu/ration3 ,evolution ( ,knot ,no4 #g f an eight-cord plait ,illu/ration3 ,evolution ( ,knot ,no4 #g f an eight-cord plait ,i h co9$ ! t]m circul> knotwork to describe a p>ticul> class ( int]lac$-"w1 9 :i* ! circul> curves made by ! cords give ! patt]n its di/9ctive appe>ance4 ,! be/ example ( circul> knotwork 9 any ( ! ,hib]no-,saxon ,,mss4 occurs on "o ( ! ornam5tal cross-pages ( ! ,book ( ,durr[4#deb ,circul> knotwork is n us$ 9 ! decoration ( ! ,iri% ecclesia/ical metalwork1 probably because x is only suitable = application to l>g] surfaces ?an are to be f\nd on comp>atively small metal objects4 ,circul> knotwork is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,iri% & ,scotti% sculptur$ monum5ts ( ! be/ p]iod2 x is unkn[n 9 ,cornwall & ! ,isle ( ,man & !re is only "o in/ance ( its occurr5ce 9 ,wales4 ,v good examples ( circul> knotwork may be se5 on sculptur$ monum5ts 9 ,irel&#dec at ,kells1 ,co4 ,mea?2 ,mona/]boice & ,t]monfe*91 ,co4 ,l\?2 ,boho1 ,co4 ,f]managh2 ,kilf5ora1 ,co4 ,cl>e2 & ,drumcliff1 ,co4 ,sligo2 & 9 ,scotl&#ded at ,collieburn1 ,su!rl& 7n[ 9 ! ,dunrob9 ,museum72 ,t>bet 7n[ at ,inv]gordon ,ca/le71 ,brodie1 ,elg9%ire2 ,nigg1 ,ross-%ire2 ,ab]lemno1 ,monifie? 7n[ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum71 & ,eassie1 ,=f>%ire2 & ,rossie ,priory & ,/4 ,madoes1 ,p]?%ire4 #deb ,j4 ,r4 ,all5 & ,j4 ,&]son's ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,monum5ts ( ,scotl&1 p4 lxxviii42 ,j4 ,a4 ,bruun's ,illum9at$ ,manuscripts ( ! ,middle ,ages1 pt4 ,i1 8,celtic ,,mss410 p4 #h4 #dec ,h4 ,o',neill's ,crosses ( ,anci5t ,irel&4 #ded ,all5 & ,&]son's ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,monum5ts ( ,scotl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,evolution ( ,knot ,no4#g f an eight-cord plait ,! mo/ common k9ds ( circul> knotwork appe> to h be5 evolv$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,x has already be5 %[n h[ knot ,no4 #c c be d]iv$ f a f\r-cord plait by mak+ a s]ies ( horizontal breaks at regul> int]vals1 leav+ two cross+-po9ts ( ! cords betwe5 ea* break2 & h[ knot ,no4 #d c aga9 be d]iv$ f knot ,no4 #c by mak+ a horizontal break at ! po9t ,a4 ,illu/ration3 ,knot ,no4 #c ,illu/ration3 ,knot ,no4 #d ,n[ if a pair ( knots l ,no4 #d be plac$ opposite ea* o!r ?us-- ,illu/ration ,illu/ration & repeat$ 9 a v]tical r[1 we get ! patt]n %[n bel[4 ,illu/ration ,illu/ration3 ,sections ( patt]n %[n on p4 #bgc ,illu/ration3 ,knotwork f ,ramsbury1 ,wilts1 & ,nigg1 ,ross-%ire ,by mak+ po9t$ ends to ! loops =m+ ! knots & 8sweet5+0 ! curves ( ! b&s betwe5 ea* knot ! appe>ance ( ! :ole is *ang$1 & its developm5t f ! plait disguis$4 ,almo/ all geometrical ornam5t is capable ( convey+ sev]al diff]5t impressions to ! m9d accord+ to ! way x is obs]v$ by ! eye = ! "t be+1 & ! intellectual pleasure :i* a patt]n gives is mo/ probably dep5d5t on ! inf9ite v>iety ( ^! kaleidoscopic *anges4 ,tak+ ?is patt]n = example1 if ! att5tion is conc5trat$ ^u ! portions ( ! patt]n betwe5 ea* ( ! po9ts :]e ! b&s cross 9 ! c5tre1 x w seem z if ! :ole 0 =m$ ( repetitions ( knot ,no4 #d2 b if ! att5tion be n[ direct$ t[>ds ! portions ly+ betwe5 ! middle po9ts ( ea* ( ! knots1 ! patt]n w appe> to consi/ entirely ( circul> curves ) two diamet]s cross+ ea* o!r diagonally4 ,illu/ration3 ,,erect ,,cross-,,slab ,,f ,,collieburn1 ,,su!rl&1 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,dunrob9 ,,museum ,photograph suppli$ by ! ,rev4 ,j4 ,m4 ,joass1 ,,ll4,d41 ,honor>y ,curator ,:5 ! circul> knot ?us obta9$ is repeat$ 9 a d\ble r[ we get a comp>atively simple patt]n1 9 :i* ! circul> curves assume mu* great] prom95ce4 ,m complicat$ =ms ( circul> knots c be d]iv$ f ! elem5t>y circul> knot by comb9+ x ) a circul> r+1 ei!r a l>g] "o enclos+ ! f\r loops 9 ! middle entirely1 or a small] "o int]lac$ ?r\gh ! loops ?us3-- ,illu/ration ,fur!r v>iations c aga9 be produc$ f ^! by sev]+ ! b&s 9 places1 & jo9+ p>ts ( ! loops to ! r+s on ! same pr9ciple t breaks c be made 9 a plait4 ,illu/ration ,! connection betwe5 ! diff]5t knots w at once become cle> if !y are drawn on sep>ate pieces ( trac+ pap] & plac$ "o ov] ! o!r4 ,ano!r k9d ( circul> knotwork is =m$ by enclos+ ! simpl] sort ( knots d]iv$ directly f plaitwork )9 a circul> b&1 :i* crosses ov] 9 "o or two places & turns inw>ds to =m ! enclos$ knots4 ,illu/ration3 ,circul> knotwork f ,t>bet1 ,ross-%ire ,! illu/rations ( ! diff]5t k9ds ( circul> knotwork f actual examples %[ ! process ( developm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,circul> knotwork f ,mona/]boice1 ,co4 ,l\? ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,ornam5t ,,on ,,erect ,,cross-,,slab ,,at ,,nigg1 ,,ross-,,%ire ,f photographs ( ! ca/ 9 ! ,sci5ce & ,art ,museum1 ,ed9burgh1 suppli$ by ,mr4 ,vallance1 ,curator ,by ! t]m triangul> knotwork is meant int]lac$ patt]ns1 ! sett+-out l9es ( :i* =m triangles only or triangles & loz5ges4 ,! patt]ns are made by di/ort+ ! simple knots d]iv$ f plaitwork1 s z to adapt !m to ! triangul> %ape4 ,?is species ( knotwork is v seldom se5 except 9 a few ( ! ,hib]no-,saxon ,,mss4 & on "s ( ! sculptur$ /ones ( ,irel& & ,scotl&4 ,! be/ examples are at ,kilf5ora1 ,co4 ,cl>e2 ,ulb/] 7n[ at ,?urso ,ca/le71 ,su!rl&%ire2 & ,dunfall&y1 ,p]?%ire4 ,illu/ration3 ,triangul> knotwork f ,ulb/]1 ,cai?ness ,"u ! head ( r+work & *a9work are includ$ all patt]ns compos$ ( circul>1 oval1 & loop$ r+s int]lac$ symmetrically r\nd a c5tre1 or arrang$ s z to =m a long *a94 ,patt]ns ( ?is k9d are n f\nd 9 ! be/ ,celtic "w1 & :5 !y occur x is g5]ally an indication ei!r ( ,sc&9avian influ5ce or ( ! /yle be+ debas$4 ,a c]ta9 numb] ( modifications ( ! int]lac$-"w already describ$ are produc$ by adapt+ ! patt]ns s t !y w fit into circul> or annul> spaces4 ,in/ances ( ?is may be se5 on ! erect cross-slabs at ,hilton ( ,cadboll 7n[ at ,inv]gordon ,ca/le7 & ,nigg1 ,ross-%ire2 ,glamis1 ,=f>%ire2 & ,rossie ,priory1 ,p]?%ire2 & on ! ,l\gh ,erne & ,monymusk ,reliqu>ies4 ,illu/ration3 ,triangul> knotwork f ,dunfall&y1 ,p]?%ire ,,/ep-,,patt]ns ,a /ep-patt]n is "o :i* is =m$ ( /raight l9es b5t backw>ds & =w>ds at "r angles s z to resemble a flight ( /eps4 ,! l9es are (t5 arrang$ symmetrically r\nd a c5tre1 s z to make cruci=m & swa/ika designs1 & ! diff]5t p>ts are also g5]ally %ad$ alt]nately black & :ite on ! pr9ciple ( *equ]work4 ,/ep-patt]ns h>dly ev] occur 9 ,*ri/ian ,celtic art except on ! enamell$ bosses ( metalwork & 9 a few ( ! illum9at$ ,,mss41 su* z ! ,l9disf>ne ,gospels1 ! ,/4 ,gall ,gospels 7,codex ,no4 #ea71 ! ,gospels ( ,mac,regol1 ! ,book ( ,kells1 & ! ,book ( ,durr[4 ,! /ep-patt]ns 9 ! ,,mss4 s ne>ly resemble ^? on ! enamell$ bosses on ! ,ardagh ,*alice1 ! ,t>a ,broo*1 & ! ,cross ( ,cong1 t !re c be b little d\bt ! illum9ators copi$ _! designs f ! enamels4 ,9 ! ,pagan ,celtic enamels ! ornam5t is ne>ly always curvil9e>2 b 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,celtic enamels x is rectil9e>1 ! arrangem5t ( ! cloisons be+ v simil> to t on ! ,anglo-,saxon disc broo*es incru/$ ) small slabs ( g>net1 glass1 etc4 ,in/ances h already be5 giv5 9 a previ\s *apt] ( ! use ( /ep-patt]ns by ! ,pagan ,celts on ! engrav$ woodwork f ! ,gla/onbury ,m>% ,village 7p4 #afa74 ,! only in/ances ,i h met ) ( /ep-patt]ns on ! sculptur$ /ones ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian p]iod 9 ?is c\ntry are at ,brad=d-on-,avon1 ,wilts2 & ,dys]t ,o',dea1 ,co4 ,cl>e4 ,,key-,,patt]ns ,! t]m key-patt]n is us$ to describe a p>ticul> k9d ( rectil9e> ornam5t :i* be>s a c]ta9 am\nt ( resemblance to ! p]=ations 9 a key to all[ x to pass ! w>ds ( a lock4 ,! be/-kn[n key-patt]n is ! ,greek fret4 ,?is is compos$ ( :at may be appropriately call$ /raight-l9e spirals2 t is to say1 /raight l9es 7or1 to speak m accurately1 n>r[ /raight b>s7 b5t r\nd into a s]ies ( "r angles 9 ! same direction4 ,! space betwe5 ! l9es 7or n>r[ b>s7 is g5]ally ab\t ! same wid? z t ( ! l9e itself4 ,illu/ration3 #a #b ,illu/ration3 #c #d ,key-patt]ns 7#a7 ,ab]lady1 ,hadd+ton%ire 7#b7 ,ab]corn1 ,l9li?g[%ire 7#c7 ,/4 ,&rews1 ,fife%ire 7#d7 ,collieburn1 ,su!rl&%ire ,! key-patt]ns us$ 9 ,*ri/ian ,celtic art may be classifi$ z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,squ>e key-patt]ns1 9 :i* ! l9es run horizontally & v]tically p>allel to ! m>g9s4 7#b7 ,diagonal key-patt]ns1 9 :i* ! l9es run v]tically p>allel to ! "r & left m>g9s1 & diagonally 9 two directions at an angle ( #de to ! m>g9s4 7#c7 ,diap] key-patt]ns1 9 :i* ! l9es run horizontally & v]tically p>allel to ! m>g9s1 & diagonally 9 two directions at an angle ( #de to ! m>g9s4 ,! ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 ! key-patt]ns us$ by ! ,egyptians1 ,greeks1 & ,romans & ^? us$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,celts consi/s 9 ! introduction ( diagonal l9es by ! latt]4 ,squ>e key-patt]ns 7i4e4 ^? ( ! ,greek fret type7 7 v seldom us$ 9 ,*ri/ian ,celtic art4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a v good example on "o ( ! crosses at ,p5mon1 ,anglesey4 ,! fir/ /ep 9 ! evolution ( ! ,celtic key-patt]n 0 to turn ! ,greek fret r\nd ?r\gh an angle ( #de s z to make ! l9es run diagonally ) reg>d to ! m>g9s in/ead ( p>allel to !m4 ,key-patt]ns 9 ?is /age ( developm5t are to be se5 9 ! ,l9disf>ne ,gospels1 ! ,/4 ,gall ,gospels 7,codex ,no4 #ea71 & an ,anglian cross-%aft f ,ab]lady1 ,hadd+ton%ire1 n[ at ,c>l[rie ,ca/le1 ne> ,kirkli/on1 ,midlo?ian4 ,x w be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t ! result ( *ang+ a squ>e key-patt]n into a diagonal "o is to leave a s]ies ( unornam5t$ triangles all r\nd ! edge 7p4 #bhj74 ,:5 ^! triangles are fill$ 9 by b5d+ ! ends ( ! diagonal l9es r\nd ?r\gh an angle ( #de1 s z to run p>allel to ! m>g9s1 we get su* a *>act]i/ically ,celtic key-patt]n z ! "o on ! great cross-%aft at ,/4 ,&rews1 ,fife%ire4 ,la/ly1 :5 ! opposite ends ( ! diagonal l9es 9 ! middle ( ! panel are b5t r\nd 9 a simil> mann]1 ! mo/ typical ( all ! ,celtic key-patt]ns is arriv$ at1 ( :i* !re is a v good example on ! erect cross-slab at ,f>r1 ,su!rl&%ire4 ,illu/ration3 #a #b ,illu/ration3 #c #d ,key-patt]ns 7#a7 ,rosem>kie1 ,ross-%ire 7#b7 ,f>r1 ,su!rl&%ire 7#c7 ,gattonside1 ,roxburgh%ire 7#d7 ,nigg1 ,ross-%ire ,illu/ration3 ,%aft ( ,cross ( ,eiudon1 at ,gold5 ,grove1 ,c>m>!n%ire ,! fill+ 9 ( ! %>p corn]s made by ! l9es incl9$ to ea* o!r at an angle ( #de1 ) small black triangles 7if 9 a ,,ms47 or ) sunk triangles 7if on a sculptur$ /one7 gives a decorative f9i% to ! patt]n1 & /ill fur!r adds to its di/9ctively ,celtic "*4 ,next to int]lac$-"w ! key-patt]n is ! mo/ common motive made use ( 9 ! decorative art ( ! ,*ri/ian ,celtic p]iod4 ,x occurs 9 ne>ly all ! ,hib]no-,saxon illum9at$ ,,mss4 & on a l>ge proportion ( ! sculptur$ monum5ts 9 ,irel&1 ,scotl&1 & ,wales4 ,key-patt]ns & int]lac$-"w 9 comb9ation1 b )\t any o!r decorative motive1 may be se5 on ! ,wel% crosses at ,c>ew & ,nev]n1 ,pembroke%ire2 ,gold5 ,grove1 ,c>m>!n%ire2 & ,llantwit ,major & ,m>gam1 ,glamorgan%ire4 ,on ! metalwork ( ! p]iod key-patt]ns seldom occur1 except on ! bronze bells1 on a /rap-buckle f ,isl&bridge1 ne> ,dubl91 & on ! ,crucifixion plaque ( rep\ss bronze f ,a?lone1 n[ 9 ! ,dubl9 ,museum4 ,illu/ration3 ,detail ( ornam5t on erect cross-slab at ,rosem>kie1 ,ross-%ire ,,spiral ,,ornam5t ,illu/ration3 ,me?ods ( connect+ spirals ,! spiral is ! only decorative motive us$ 9 ,*ri/ian ,celtic art t c be prov$ to h be5 borr[$ f ! ,pagan ,celtic art ( ! prec$+ p]iod4 ,al?\gh spiral ornam5t appe>s to be s complicat$ :5 x is complet$1 ! geometrical process ( sett+ x out is simplicity itself4 ,all t x is necess>y to d is to fill 9 ! surface to be decorat$ ) circles ( any size1 leav+ ab\t ! same di/ance betwe5 ea*2 !n connect ! circle ) ,s- or ,c-%ap$ curves2 &1 la/ly1 fill 9 ! circles ) spirals work+ f ! tang5t po9ts1 :]e ! ,s or ,c curves t\* ! circles1 inw>ds to ! c5tre4 ,z ! size ( ! circles is a matt] ( no importance1 a surface ( irregul> %ape may be cov]$ ) spiral ornam5t j z easily z "o ( symmetrical %ape4 ,9 ! flamboyant ornam5t ( ! ,pagan ,celtic p]iod we h ! same ,s- & ,c-%ap$ curves1 b ! circles 7 occupi$ ei!r by a disc ( enamel 7z on ! bronze %ield f ! ,?ames71 or by rais$ con*oids 7z on ! gold necklet f ,limavady1 ,co4 ,londond]ry74 ,9 ! spiral ornam5t ( ! ,*ri/ian ,celtic p]iod closely coil$ spirals l ^? ( ! bronze age 7 sub/itut$ = ! discs ( enamel or rais$ con*oids4 ,! backgr\nd ( ! spirals1 h[ev]1 reta9$ sev]al ( ! prom95t features ( ! rep\ss metalwork1 ! effect ( ! light %9+ on ! rais$ trumpet-%ap$ expansions ( ! ,s & ,c curves be+ imitat$ 9 black & :ite or col\r$ by almond-l dots4 ,9 ! lat] & less ref9$ spiral ornam5t ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod ?is backgr\nd disappe>s altoge!r1 & ! spirals are made all ! same size & plac$ close toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,tree key-patt]n1 ,meigle1 ,p]?%ire ,z ! spiral 0 ! e>lie/ decorative motive 9 ,*ri/ian ,celtic art1 s x 0 also ! fir/ to disappe>1 & its disappe>ance m>ks ! decad5ce ( ! /yle4 ,we h 9 a previ\s *apt] trac$ ! spiral motive f ! ,pagan metalwork ?r\gh ! enamell$ disc ornam5ts ( ! bronze b[ls ( ! ,transition p]iod to ! illum9at$ ,,mss4 ( ,*ri/ian times4 ,spiral ornam5t 9 its be/ =m is to be f\nd 9 ! foll[+ ,,mss43-- ,! ,l9disf>ne ,gospels ,a4,d4 #gbj4 ,! ,book ( ,kells #h? c5tury4 ,! ,gospels ( ,/4 ,*ad 0 0 ,! ,book ( ,durr[ 0 0 ,! ,book ( ,armagh ,a4,d4 #gej-hjh4 ,! ,gospels ( ,willibrod ,a4,d4 #gci4 ,! ,gospels ( ,/4 ,gall #h? or #i? c5tury4 ,! ,gospels ( ,mac,regol ,a4,d4 #hbj4 ,! ,gospels ( ,/ockholm ,a4,d4 #hga4 ,! ,vespasian ,a4 i4 ,psalt] #h? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,spiral ornam5t1 ) key-patt]n bord]1 f ! ,book ( ,kells ,9 metalwork spiral ornam5t is less common ?an 9 ! ,,mss41 !re be+ good examples on ! ,ardagh ,*alice1 ! ,t>a ,broo*1 ! ,hunt]/on ,broo*1 ! ,monymusk ,reliqu>y1 & ! ,a?lone ,crucifixion ,plaque4 ,spiral ornam5t ( ! be/ k9d is f\nd on ! sculptur$ /one monum5ts only 9 ,irel& & ,scotl&4#dee ,9 ,wales1 ,cornwall1 & ! ,isle ( ,man spiral ornam5t is extremely r>e1 & :5 x does occur x is ( debas$ "*4 ,typical examples ( spiral ornam5t may be se5 on ! sculptur$ monum5ts 9 ,irel& at ,kells1 ,co4 ,mea?2 ,mona/]boice1 ,co4 ,l\?2 ,clonmacnois1 ,k+'s ,co42 & ,kilklispe51 ,co4 ,kilk5ny2 & 9 ,scotl& at ,nigg1 ,%&wick1 ,hilton ( ,cadboll 7n[ at ,inv]gordon ,ca/le71 all 9 ,ross-%ire2 ! ,maid5 ,/one1 ,ab]de5%ire2 ,/4 ,vigeans1 ,=f>%ire2 ,meigle & ,dunfall&y1 ,p]?%ire2 & ,ard*attan1 ,argyll%ire4 #dee ,*iefly 9 ! ,picti% di/ricts ( ! nor?-ea/ ( ,scotl&4 ,illu/ration3 ,me?od ( connect+ spirals ,judg+ f ! evid5ce af=d$ by ! dat$ specim5s1 ! be/ k9d ( spiral ornam5t seems to h disappe>$ entirely f ,*ri/ian ,celtic art aft] ! fir/ qu>t] ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,illu/ration3 ,,f\r ,,m5 ,,plac$ ,,/ra/ika ,,fa%ion ,,on ,,recumb5t ,,monum5t ,,at ,,meigle1 ,,p]?%ire ,,scale ,,l9e> ,illu/ration3 ,,spiral ,,ornam5t ,,on ,,fragm5t ,,( ,,sculptur$ ,,/one ,,f ,,t>bet1 ,,ross-,,%ire2 ,,n[ ,,9 ,,! ,,ed9burgh ,,museum ,,zo,,morphic ,,designs ,animal =ms are us$ 9 ,celtic art ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod 9 ?ree diff]5t ways1 namely1 7#a7 pictorially1 7#b7 symbolically1 & 7#c7 decoratively4 ,z cases ( ! fir/ k9d ( treatm5t we h ! hunt+ sc5es1#def battle sc5es1#deg m5 driv+ 9 *>iots#deh drawn by horses1 gr\ps ( animals1#dei etc41 on ! erect cross-slabs ( ,scotl& & on ! bases ( "s ( ! ,iri% & ,wel% crosses4 ,al?\gh ^! subjects may h "s symbolism beh9d !m1 yet all ! liv+ creatures repres5t$ are treat$ reali/ically1 & n conv5tionally4 ,z cases ( ! second k9d ( treatm5t we h ! ,symbols ( ! ,f\r ,evangeli/s1 :i*1 al?\gh consi/+ ( ! figures ( a man1 a lion1 a bull1 & an eagle1 are g5]ally highly conv5tionalis$4 ,la/ly1 we h ! decorative use ( animal =ms1 :]e ! zological species ( ! creatures repres5t$ becomes ( s little importance t x is altoge!r ignor$4 ,! creatures c c]ta9ly be divid$ into bea/s1 birds1 fi%es1 & reptiles2 b ! arti/ has tak5 su* lib]ties ) ! %apes ( _! bodies1 limbs1 heads1 tails1 & o!r details1 t he w\ld be a bold man :o w\ld say ( any "o ( ! bea/s :e!r x 0 int5d$ = a lion1 a tig]1 a dog1 a wolf1 or a be>4 ,! quadrup$ mo/ 9 fav\r ) ! ,*ri/ian ,celtic arti/ may1 z has be5 already sugge/$1 h be5 degrad$ by successive copy+ f ! ,classical lion4 ,anyway1 x has a head some?+ l t ( a dog1 ) po9t$ e>s1 an att5uat$ body1 f\r legs t]m9at+ 9 paws ) claws1 & a long tail4 ,! head & ! paws are nev] misrepres5t$ = decorative purposes1 b ! body1 limbs1 e>s1 & tail may be ext5d$ to any giv5 l5g? or b5t 9 any desir$ direction4 ,! bea/s & o!r creatures are g5]ally %[n 9 pr(ile1 & only r>ely 9 plan4 #def ,z on ! erect cross-slab at ,hilton ( ,cadboll 7n[ at ,inv]gordon ,ca/le71 ,ross-%ire4 #deg ,z on ! erect cross-slab at ,ab]lemno1 ,=f>%ire4 #deh ,z on ! base ( ! cross 9 ! *ur*y>d ( ,kells1 ,co4 ,mea?4 #dei ,z on ! erect cross-slabs at ,%&wick1 ,ross-%ire2 & ,/4 ,vigeans1 ,=f>%ire2 & on ! base ( ! cross at ,ca/l$]mot1 ,co4 ,kild>e4 ,9 ! simple/ k9d ( zomorphic ornam5t a s+le bea/ is us$ to fill a panel1 ! diff]5t attitudes be+ z foll[s3-- 7#a7 ,) ! head look+ =w>ds4 7#b7 ,) ! head b5t backw>ds4 7#c7 ,) ! head b5t backw>ds1 bit+ ! middle ( ! body4 7#d7 ,) ! head b5t backw>ds1 bit+ ! end ( ! tail4 7#e7 ,) ! tail curl$ up ov] ! back4 7#f7 ,) ! tail curl$ up "u ! belly4 ,if ! bea/s are 9 pairs1 !y may be plac$ 9 ! foll[+ positions3-- 7#a7 ,symmetrically fac+ t[>ds ea* o!r1 or face to face4 7#b7 ,symmetrically fac+ away f ea* o!r4 7#c7 ,9 a horizontal r[ "o 9 front ( ! o!r4 7#d7 ,9 a v]tical r[ "o bel[ ! o!r4 ,:5 !re are ?ree or f\r bea/s1 besides be+ arrang$ 9 r[s1 !y may be plac$ aft] ! fa%ion ( ! triskele or ! swa/ika r\nd a c5tre4 ,int]lac$ zomorphic ornam5t c be made ) a s+le bea/ by ext5d+ ! l5g? ( its tail & e>1 & =m+ !m into knots at int]vals1 cross+ ov] ! body & limbs :]e necess>y4 ,sometimes ! tail alone is knott$4 ,9 ?is sort ( ornam5t ! %ape ( ! bea/ is se5 di/9ctly & ! knots occupy ! backgr\nd4 ,a m complicat$ design c be made f a s+le bea/ by twi/+ its body & limbs into knots z well z ! e>s & tail4 ,! panels ( zomorphic ornam5t 9 ,*ri/ian ,celtic art are1 h[ev]1 usually compos$ ( two or m bea/s plac$ symmetrically ) reg>d to ea* o!r & hav+ _! bodies & limbs cross$ ov] & int]lac$4 ,! e>s & tails may also be ext5d$ & =m$ into knots 9 comb9ation ) ! bodies & limbs4 ,! designs ?us produc$ w be se5 to consi/ app>5tly ( two sets ( b&s cross+ ea* o!r diagonally1 ! wide b&s be+ ! bodies ( ! bea/s & ! n>r[ b&s1 ! limbs1 tails1 & e>s4 ,! b&s are ne>ly /raight1 or if b5t at all only g5tly curv$4 ,:5 ! bea/s are n plac$ 9 opposite symmetrical positions1 b 9 horizontal r[s "o 9 front ( ! o!r1 or 9 v]tical r[s "o bel[ ! o!r1 ! bodies are (t5 b5t r\nd spirally 9 "o direction or twi/$ into ,s-%ap$ spirals 9 two directions4 ,a fav\rite device ) ! ,celtic arti/ 0 to make ! bea/s bite _! own bodies1 limbs1 or tails1 or ! body1 limbs1 or tail ( ! bea/ imm$iately 9 front ( x4 ,! zomorphic designs compos$ ( birds 7 arrang$ on ! same pr9ciples z ^? compos$ ( bea/s4 ,reptiles or s]p5t9e creatures ) bodies ( ne>ly ! same wid? ?r\gh\t 7 conv]t$ into int]lac$ zomorphic ornam5t by twi/+1 plait+1 loop+1 or knott+ ! bodies toge!r4 ,?is class ( ornam5t is1 9 fact1 ! ord9>y int]lac$ patt]ns d]iv$ f ! plait1 ) heads add$ at "o end & tails at ! o!r4 ,a v +5i\s zomorphic design is made by fill+ 9 a long n>r[ panel ) ! body ( a s]p5t9e creature undulat+ f side to side4 ,! head ( ! creature is at ! top ( ! panel1 & ! body rema9s ab\t ! same wid? until x rea*es ! bottom ( ! panel1 :]e its wid? is greatly r$uc$ & its direction rev]s$4 ,on its return j\rney x makes a s]ies ( ,/af=d knots1 :i* fill 9 ! spaces betwe5 ! undulations ( ! body & ! sides ( ! panel1 & ! end ( ! tail is f9ally receiv$ into ! m\? ( ! reptile4#dfj ,!re are two k9ds ( zomorphic designs :i* are peculi> to ! ,,mss4 ( ! p]iod1 namely1 initial lett]s made 9 ! =m ( a bird or bea/1 & ! incomplete frames r\nd ! initial pages ( ! ,gospels t]m9at+ 9 a bea/'s head at "o end & a fi%-l tail at ! o!r4 ,! only ?+ ( a simil> k9d :i* occurs on ! sculptur$ monum5ts is ! zomorphic m>g9 r\nd "s ( ! erect cross-slabs ( ! ea/ ( ,scotl&4#dfa ,! m>g9 is =m$ by two bea/s1 ! heads ( :i* appe> at ! top fac+ ea* o!r & ! tails at ! bottom4 #dfj ,in/ances ( ?is occur at ,lanh]ne & ,sancre$1 ,cornwall4 #dfa ,at ,coss9s & ,monifie?1 ,=f>%ire2 & ,meigle1 ,dunfall&y2 & ,/4 ,madoes1 ,p]?%ire4 ,! ar*$ top ( ! frame r\nd ! m9iature ( ,*ri/ seiz$ by ! ,jews1 9 ! ,book ( ,kells1 is treat$ 9 exactly ! same way z ! p$im5t$ tops ( ! erect cross-slabs4 ,9 ! second table ( ,eusebian ,canons1 9 ! ,book ( ,kells1 ! head & arms ( ,*ri/ are plac$ betwe5 ! two bea/s' heads4 ,zomorphs are f\nd ?r\gh\t ! :ole range ( ,*ri/ian ,celtic art2 !y =m an important feature 9 ! decoration ( ne>ly all ! ,hib]no-,saxon illum9at$ ,,mss42 !y are p>ticul>ly *>act]i/ic ( ! ,iri% ecclesia/ical metalwork2 & !y are ( frequ5t occurr5ce on ! sculptur$ monum5ts ( ,irel& & ,scotl&4 ,on ! crosses ( ,wales & ,cornwall zomorphs are comp>atively r>e4 ,"s ( ! be/ in/ances ( zomorphic designs 9 ! ,,mss4 are to be se5 9 ! cross-pages ( ! ,book ( ,durr[1 ! ,gospels ( ,l9disf>ne1 ! ,book ( ,kells1 ! ,gospels ( ,/4 ,*ad1 & ! ,/4 ,gall ,gospels 7,codex ,no4 #ea72 9 metalwork on ! ,ardagh ,*alice1 ! ,t>a ,broo*1 ! ,hunt]/on ,broo*1 ! ,%r9e ( ! ,bell ( ,/4 ,patrick's ,w1 ! ,cross ( ,cong1 & ! ,%r9e ( ,/4 ,man*an2 & on sculptur$ monum5ts at ,t]monfe*91 ,co4 ,l\?2 ,kells1 ,co4 ,mea?2 ,tihilly1 ,k+'s ,co42 ,dys]t ,o',dea1 ,co4 ,cl>e2 ,nigg1 ,ross-%ire2 ,ab]lemno & ,inv]g[rie1 ,=f>%ire2 ,/4 ,madoes1 ,p]?%ire2 ,p5ally1 ,pembroke%ire2 & ,sancre$ & ,lanh]ne1 ,cornwall4 ,illu/ration3 ,,detail ,,( ,,ornam5t ,,on ,,erect ,,cross-,,slab ,,at ,,nigg1 ,,ross-,,%ire ,sometimes key-patt]ns & spirals are conv]t$ into zomorphic designs by ! addition ( animals' heads1 z at ,p5mon1 ,anglesey2 & ,t]monfe*91 ,co4 ,l\?4 ,! c5tres ( spirals are also (t5 made zomorphic1 z 9 ! ,gospels ( ,l9disf>ne1 on ! cross at ,kilklispe51 ,co4 ,kilk5ny1 & on an erect cross-slab at ,/4 ,vigeans1 ,=f>%ire4 ,probably ! mo/ wond]ful t\r de =ce 9 ! way ( zomorphic sculpture is a pair ( panels on ! erect cross-slab at ,nigg1 ,ross-%ire4 ,ea* panel is ornam5t$ ) a s]ies ( rais$ bosses arrang$ symmetrically4 ,! :ole ( ! convex surfaces ( ! bosses is cov]$ ) intricate knotwork1 & ! backgr\nd is compos$ ( s]p5ts1 ! tails ( :i* coil spirally r\nd ! bases ( ! bosses1 & 9 ea* case ent] ! circumf]5ce at ?ree po9ts to =m ! int]lac$-"w on ! boss4 ,aft] innum]able cross+s "u & ov]1 ! tails aga9 div]ge at ?ree o!r po9ts r\nd ! base ( ! boss1 & f9ally t]m9ate 9 small spirals 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! backgr\nd4 ,,an?ropomorphic ,,designs ,"u ! above head+ are class$ all designs 9 :i* ! complete figure ( a man1 or portions ( a man are us$ = purposes ( decoration4 ,human heads occur 9 metalwork 9 ! decoration ( ! ,t>a ,broo*#dfb & 9 sculptur$ /onework on ! cross ( ,muir$a*1 at ,mona/]boice1 ,co4 ,l\?1 & on a cross-head f ! crannog at ,drumgay ,lo*4 #dfb ,a p9-broo* ornam5t$ ) a human head1 f ,wood=d ,riv]1 ,co4 ,cavan1 is illu/rat$ 9 ,sir ,w4 ,wilde's ,catal4 ( ! ,mus4 ,r4,i4,a41 p4 #efe4 ,! mo/ rem>kable in/ances ( ! decorative use ( ! complete figures ( m5 9 ! illum9at$ ,,mss4 are to be f\nd 9 ! ,book ( ,kells4 ,! figures are g5]ally arrang$ 9 pairs fac+ ea* o!r1 9 gr\ps ( ?ree triskele fa%ion1 & 9 ne>ly all cases ! attitudes are extremely uncom=table ) ! knees drawn up close aga9/ ! /oma*4 ,! limbs ( ! diff]5t figures are cross$ ov] & int]lac$1 z 9 zomorphic ornam5t1 & ! h&s are %[n grasp+ ei!r ! limbs1 hair1 or be>d ( "o ( ! o!r figures4 ,sometimes ! human figures are comb9$ ) figures ( birds or bea/s4 ,we h already ref]r$ to ! incomplete frames ( ! initial pages ( ! ,gospels ) zomorphic t]m9ations4 ,9 ! 8,nativitas ,,xpi0 initial page 9 ! ,book ( ,kells ! incomplete frame t]m9ates 9 a human head at "o end & two legs at ! o!r4 ,ano!r initial page 9 ! same ,,ms4--t ( ,/4 ,m>k's ,gospel--has a zomorphic frame1 b ! bea/'s head is hold+ a man betwe5 its jaws1 :il/ ! man is tugg+ at ! bea/'s tongue ) 8 h&4 ,gr\ps ( f\r human figures arrang$ swa/ika fa%ion1 int]lac$ & ea* grasp+ ! limbs1 wri/s1 hair1 or be>d ( "o ( ! o!r figures1 occur on crosses 9 ,irel& at ,kilkispe51 ,co4 ,kilk5ny2 ,mona/]boice1 ,co4 ,l\?2 & ,kells1 ,co4 ,mea?2 & 9 ,scotl& on a recumb5t monum5t at ,meigle1 ,p]?%ire4 ,a human figure int]lac$ ) a bird occurs 9 two in/ances on sculptur$ /ones 9 ,scotl&1 namely1 at ,monifie?1 ,=f>%ire 7n[ 9 ! ,ed9burgh ,museum ( ,antiquities72 & at ,meigle1 ,p]?%ire4 ,,foliage ,leaf & plant motive decoration is entirely =eign to ! _s ( purely ,celtic ,*ri/ian art1 & :5ev] x occurs x is g5]ally to be trac$ to ,nor?umbrian influ5ce4 ,! ,book ( ,kells & ! ,/ockholm ,gospels are ! only ,hib]no-,saxon illum9at$ ,,mss4 9 :i* any trace ( foliage c be detect$4 ,!re are panels ( foliage on ! ,iri% crosses at ,kells1 ,co4 ,mea?2 ,mona/]boice1 ,co4 ,l\?2 & ,clonmacnois1 ,k+'s ,co4 ,9 ,wales !re is an in/ance ( foliage on ! crosses at ,p5ally1 ,pembroke%ire4 ,9 ,scotl& ! only sculptur$ monum5ts ) foliage ^u !m 7exclud+1 ( c\rse1 ^? 9 ! ,nor?umbrian di/ricts ( ! s\?7 are ! erect cross-slabs at ,hilton ( ,cadboll & ,t>bet1 ,ross-%ire 7bo? n[ at ,inv]gordon ,ca/le72 ,/4 ,vigeans1 ,=f>%ire2 & ,crieff1 ,p]?%ire2 on crosses at ,camu/on1 ,=f>%ire2 ,duppl91 ,p]?%ire2 & on a cross-%aft at ,/4 ,&rews1 ,fife%ire4 ,! foliage may 9 all cases be trac$ back to ! ,classical v9e1 ! well-kn[n symbol ( ,*ri/4 ,x is (t5 mu* degrad$ by successive copy+1 & al?\gh ! =ms ( ! leaves are (t5 alt]$ beyond recognition ! bun*es ( grapes c always be made out4 ,,symbolical ,,figure-,,subjects ,we h already m5tion$ mo/ ( ! figure-subjects to be f\nd 9 ! ,hib]no-,saxon illum9at$ ,,mss41 & on ! ,iri% ecclesia/ical metalwork4 ,x rema9s !re=e only n[ to take ! sculptur$ monum5ts into consid]ation4 ,x 0 9 ,irel& alone t a recognis$ cycle ( scriptural figure subjects 0 adopt$ = ! decoration ( ! crosses & t 9 ne>ly all cases ! ornam5t 0 relegat$ to a subord9ate position4 ,9 ,scotl& & ,wales1 on ! contr>y1 ,scripture sc5es are seldom repres5t$ on ! sculptur$ monum5ts2 9 ,cornwall ! only figure subject :i* occurs on ! crosses is ! ,crucifixion2 & 9 ! ,isle ( ,man ! figure-subjects are mo/ly tak5 f ! ,pagan ,norse my?ology4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! ,scriptural subjects on ! sculptur$ monum5ts ( ,irel&1 ,scotl&1 ,wales1 & ,cornwall1 & ! frequ5cy ) :i* !y occur3-- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,irel&4,scotl&4,wales4,cornwall4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,old ,te/am5t-- ,adam & ,eve #ae #b -- -- ,noah 9 ! ,ark #b #a -- -- ,sacrifice ( ,isaac #i #a -- -- ,?ree ,*ildr5 9 ,furnace #d -- -- -- ,daniel 9 ,d5 ( ,lions #h #i -- -- ,david & ,h>p #f #b -- -- ,david & ,lion #f #b -- -- ,david & ,golia? #c -- -- -- ,jonah & ,:ale -- #c -- -- ,asc5t ( ,elijah -- #a -- -- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,new ,te/am5t-- ,virg9 & ,*ild -- #e -- -- ,adoration ( ,magi #b #a -- -- ,flight into ,egypt #a -- -- -- ,baptism ( ,*ri/ #b -- -- -- ,miracle ( ,loaves & ,fi%es #d #a -- -- ,rais+ ( ,laz>us -- #a -- -- ,crucifixion #af #e #c #dj ,*ri/ 9 ,glory #e #a -- -- ,la/ ,judgm5t #a -- -- -- ,annunciation -- -- #a -- ,*ri/ seiz$ by ! ,jews #b -- #a -- ,twelve ,apo/les #a -- -- -- ,agnus ,dei #b -- -- -- ,dext]a ,dei #b -- -- -- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------- ,9 addition to ! above !re are ! foll[+1 :i* are sacr$ or ecclesia/ical1 b n1 /rictly speak+1 ,scriptural3-- ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,irel&4,scotl&4,wales4,cornwall4 ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,symbols ( ,f\r ,evangeli/s -- #d -- -- ,*]ubim -- -- #a -- ,angels -- #bb -- -- ,sa9ts -- -- -- -- ,oranti -- #a #c -- ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,x appe>s1 !n1 t ! ,scriptural subjects ( mo/ frequ5t occurr5ce 9 ,irel& are ! ,crucifixion1 ,adam & ,eve1 ! ,sacrifice ( ,isaac1 ,daniel 9 ! ,lions' ,d51 & ! sc5es f ! ,life ( ,david2 & 9 ,scotl&1 ! ,crucifixion1 ,daniel 9 ! ,lions' ,d51 ! ,virg9 & ,*ild1 & ! symbols ( ! f\r ,evangeli/s4 ,! subjects common to bo? ,irel& & ,scotl& are ,adam & ,eve1 ,noah 7871 ,sacrifice ( ,isaac1 ,daniel 9 ! ,lions' ,d51 ,david & ! ,h>p1 ,david & ! ,lion1 ,adoration ( ! ,magi1 ,flight into ,egypt1 ,miracle ( ,loaves & ,fi%es1 ,crucifixion1 ,*ri/ 9 ,glory1 ,agnus ,dei1 ,angels4 ,! subjects :i* occur 9 ,irel&1 b n 9 ,scotl&1 are ! ,?ree ,*ildr5 9 ! ,furnace1 ,david & ,golia?1 ,baptism ( ,*ri/1 ,resurrection1 ,la/ ,judgm5t1 ,dext]a ,dei1 ,twelve ,apo/les4 ,& ^? :i* occur 9 ,scotl&1 b n 9 ,irel&1 are ,asc5t ( ,elijah1 ,rais+ ( ,laz>us1 ,jonah & ! ,:ale1 ,annunciation1 ,salutation1 ,miracle ( ,heal+ ! ,bl9d1 ,*ri/ & ,m>y ,magdal5e1 ,laz>us4 ,( ! subjects on ! e>ly sculptur$ /ones ( ,irel& & ,scotl& ! foll[+ belong to ! cycle ( subjects f\nd on ! pa9t+s 9 ! ,catacombs & ! ,sculptur$ ,s>cophagi 7,a4,d4 #ej to #dej73-- ,adam & ,eve4 ,daniel 9 ! ,lions' ,d54 ,noah4 ,jonah & ! ,:ale4 ,sacrifice ( ,isaac4 ,adoration ( ,magi4 ,?ree ,*ildr5 9 ! ,furnace4 ,adoration ( ,magi4 ,asc5t ( ,elijah4 ,miracle ( ,heal+ ! ,bl9d4 ,! foll[+ subjects belong to ! ,lomb>do-,byzant9e p]iod 7,a4,d4 #gjj-aajj73-- ,david4 ,*ri/ 9 ,glory4 ,baptism ( ,*ri/4 ,la/ ,judgm5t4 ,crucifixion4 ,agnus ,dei4 ,resurrection4 ,dext]a ,dei4 ,flight into ,egypt4 ,twelve ,apo/les4 ,virg9 & ,*ild 7ap>t f ,magi74 ,symbols ( ! ,f\r ,evangeli/s4 ,*ri/ & ,m>y ,magdal5e4 ,angels4 ,?us ! e>ly ,sculptur$ ,/ones & ! ,hib]no-,saxon ,,mss4 ( ,great ,brita91 & ! ,c>lov+ian ,ivories af=d a connect+ l9k betwe5 ! old] symbolism ( ! primitive ,*ri/ianity ( ! ,catacomb p]iod & ! m /rictly ecclesia/ical art ( m$ival times4 ,q ap>t f ! fact t ,k+ ,david 0 a type ( ,*ri/1 & t 8 pictures =m$ ! illu/rations ( ! ,psalt]1 x is n surpris+ t he %\ld h be5 an object ( popul> wor%ip among/ ! w>like & musical ,celts1 to "o side ( ^: "* 8 h]oic de$s 9 r5d+ ! jaws ( ! lion & slay+ ! giant ,golia?1 w\ld appeal z /rongly z 8 tal5t z a h>p] w\ld to ! o!r4 ,a small ,,ms4 ,iri% ,psalt] 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7,vit4 ,f4 i47#dfc conta9s two v curi\s m9iatures1 "o ( ,david ,play+ ! ,h>p & ! o!r ( ,david & ,golia?4#dfd ,! =m] is int]e/+1 because ,i ?9k x helps to expla9 ! mean+ ( a figure sitt+ on ! back ( a bea/ & play+ a h>p1#dfe sculptur$ on "o ( ! panels ( ! cross at ,clonmacnoise4 ,z ,i hold1 ?is is int5d$ = ,david2 & my reason = suppos+ ?is is1 because ! ?rone on :i* ,david is seat$ 9 ! m9iature 9 ! ,psalt] is conv5tionally treat$ z a bea/4 #dfc ,we/wood's ,m9iatures1 pl4 #e4 #dfd ,9 ! m9iature ( ,david & ,golia? 9 ! ,psalt] ,david holds a sl+ 9 "o h& & a bea/-head$ club 9 ! o!r4 ,! resemblance betwe5 ?is club & ! bea/'s-head symbol1 :i* occurs on ! ,norrie's ,law silv] ornam5ts & on sev]al ( ! e>ly incis$ slabs 9 ,scotl&1 may be only accid5tal1 b x is wor? not+ z a possible clue to ! scriptural int]pretation ( ! symbol4 #dfe ,o',neil1 pl4 #bd;,a4 ,i am n q sure :e!r ! boat ) m5 9 x1 on ! /one at ,coss9s1 is int5d$ = ,noah's ,ark or n1 b a boat ( j ! same k9d is repres5t$ on a c>v$ wood5 pill> at ,olaf's ,*ur*1#dff ,nesl&1 :]e x is associat$ ) o!r ,scriptural subjects1 among/ o!rs ! creation ( ,eve1 ,samson & ,delilah1 & ,david & ,golia?4 ,9 ?is case !re c be little d\bt b t ! boat is int5d$ = ,noah's ,ark1 s t probably ! boat at ,coss9s has ! same mean+4 ,! angels are *]ubim1 ) f\r w+s1 & spirals :]e ! w+s jo9 on to ! body1 repres5tations ( :i* are to be se5 on ! /ones at ,eassie1 ,glamis1 & else:]e 9 ,scotl&4 ,!y d n occur on any ( ! sculptur$ crosses 9 ,irel&2 b !re are in/ances ( angels or ! symbols ( ! f\r evangeli/s treat$ 9 ! same fa%ion 9 ! ,/4 ,gall ,gospels1 ,codex ,no4 #ea1dfg & on ! ,book ,%r9e ( ,/4 ,molaise's ,gospels1#dfh 9 ! ,museum ( ! ,royal ,iri% ,academy 9 ,dubl91 & also on a bronze plaque#dfi ( ! ,crucifixion1 9 ! same collection4 ,i h rec5tly discov]$ a v curi\s in/ance ( an angel ( ?is k9d1 ) ?ree w+s on a cross-slab1 ) int]lac$-"w1 9 ,/4 ,david's ,ca!dral1 giv5 9 ,we/wood's ,lapid>ium ,walli 7pl4 #fc1 fig4 #d71 b ! w+s & spirals only %[n1 & ! head ( ! angel omitt$4 #dff ,l4 ,h4 ,s4 ,dietri*s51 ,de ,norske ,/avkirk]1 p4 #cfb4 #dfg ,c4 ,purton ,coop]'s 8,app5dix ,a to ,report on ,rym]'s ,fd]a10 pl4 #e4 #dfh ,ar*ologia1 vol4 xliii41 p4 #aca4 #dfi ,we/wood's ,m9iatures1 pl4 #ea4 ,! pair ( ecclesia/ics1 sometimes /&+1 sometimes en?ron$1 sometimes kneel+1 ) a bird hold+ a circul> disc 9 its m\? betwe5 !m1 is a subject common to ! e>ly sculptur$ /ones ( bo? ,scotl&#dgj & ,irel&1#dga b ! exact mean+ ( x has yet to be asc]ta9$ if we are n to take ! in/ance on ! ,ru?well cross z an au?oritative explanation ( ! :ole4 #dgj ,z at ,nigg & ,/4 ,vigeans4 ,dr4 ,j4 ,&]son reg>ds ! ,nigg example z be+ int5d$ = ,/4 ,paul & ,/4 ,an?ony4 #dga ,z at ,kells1 ,moone ,abbey1 ,clonca4 ,z ,i h already po9t$ out 9 my ,rh9d ,lectures on ,*ri/ian ,symbolism1 !re is a ne>] aff9ity betwe5 ! subjects *os5 to decorate ! bases ( ! ,iri% crosses & ! repres5tations ( hunt+ sc5es1 horsem51 *>iots1 etc41 on ! upright cross-slabs ( ! nor?-ea/ ( ,scotl&1 ?an ! m /rictly ,scriptural sc5es on ! %afts ( ! ,iri% crosses4 ,! be/ examples illu/rat+ ?is are to be se5 on ! bases ( ! crosses at ,kells 7,figs4 #e & #f71 ,mona/]boice1 ,clonmacnois1 ,ca/le ,d]mot 7,fig4 #g71 & ,kilklispe54 ,! *>iot on ! ,meigle slab1 n[ lo/1 may be comp>$ ) ! *>iots to be se5 on ! %aft ( ! cross at ,killam]y1 & on ! bases ( ! crosses at ,mona/]boice1 ,kilklispe51 & 9 ,kells *ur*y>d2 on ! base ( ! cross 9 ! /reet at ,kells we h ! eagle & fi%1 z on ! 8,dro/50 /one at ,/4 ,vigeans1#dgb & z 9 ! ,book ( ,armagh2 & on ! base ( ?is same cross1 & on ! cross ( ,mur$a* at ,mona/]boice1 c5taurs occur1 9 "s respects l ^? on ! slabs at ,ab]lemno1 ,meigle1 & ,glamis4 #dgb ,ano!r rem>kable in/ance ( ! eagle & fi% has rec5tly be5 f\nd on a /one ) an ,ogam inscription1 at ,la!ron1 ne> ,keiss1 ,cai?ness4 ,on ! base ( ! ,kilklispe5 cross is portray$ a procession ( ecclesia/ics tak+ "p 9 a mo/ rem>kable c]emony4 ,on ! s\? side ( ! base is to be seem a prie/ c>ry+ a processional cross1 & foll[$ by a man lead+ a horse1 on ! back ( :i* is laid ! headless trunk ( a man1 ) two birds ( prey1 or c>rion cr[s1 p]*$ on ! top4 ,on ! nor? side ( ! base are two ecclesia/ics on horseback1 foll[$ by two m 9 a *>iot drawn by a pair ( horses4 ,on ! ea/ side are sev]al bea/s1 birds1 & a man4 ,on ! we/ side is a c5tral figure1 p]haps a bi%op1 ) ?ree ecclesia/ics hold+ crozi]s on ea* side ( him4 ,^! sc5es c h>dly be ,scriptural2 & if !y are n tak5 f ! life ( "s sa9t1 x is difficult to see :at explanation rema9s to be sugge/$1 except t an ev5t ( local importance is "h commemorat$4 ,! bases ( ! pill>-cross at ,ll&\gh & ( ! great :eel-cross at ,m>gam1 bo? 9 ,glamorgan%ire1 are ! only ones ) figures ( horsem5 ^u !m 9 ,wales4 ,! symbolism ( ! %afts ( ! ,iri% crosses is s /rictly biblical t secul> subjects may h be5 plac$ on ! bases by way ( contra/1 to indicate ! actual _w or e>? on :i* ! cross /ood repres5t+ ! spiritual _w4 ,! eagle & fi% may p]sonify ! ocean1 & ! c5taur ! des]t1 = :i* we h ! au?ority ( ! be/i>ies & ! leg5d>y life ( ,/4 ,an?ony4 ,! po9ts ( simil>ity betwe5 ! ornam5tal patt]ns on ! /ones ( ,irel& & ,scotl& raise que/ions ( too mu* intricacy to be dealt ) "h2 b x may be rem>k$ t figure-sculpture =ms ! *ief feature ( ! ,iri% crosses--geometrical1 zomorphic1 & foliage\s designs be+ only z a rule appli$ to ! decoration ( ! small] panels on ! sides ( ! %afts & to ! r+s connect+ ! arms4 ,! upright cross-slabs ( ,scotl&1 m p>ticul>ly ^? 9 ,ross-%ire1 approa* mu* m ne>ly 9 /yle--& !re=e probably 9 age--to ! illum9at$ pages ( ! ,hib]no-,saxon ,,mss4 ( ! be/ p]iod1 ?an d any ( ! ,iri% crosses4 ,9 conclusion1 ,i consid] ! s-call$ ,celtic /yle to be a local v>iety ( ! ,lomb>do-,byzant9e /yle1 f :i* ! figure-subjects1 ! int]lac$-"w1 ! scrolls ( foliage1 & _m ( ! /range real & fabul\s creatures 7 app>5tly borr[$4 ,! ,lomb>do-,byzant9e /yle 0 introduc$ into ?is c\ntry aft] ! ,saxons _h become ,*ri/ians2 & be+ graft$ ^u ! ,pagan art ( ! ,late-,celtic p]iod1 0 develop$ 9 diff]5t ways 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ,great ,brita94 ,h[ev]1 x 9 no way detracts f ! arti/ic capacity ( ! ,celt t he %\ld h adapt$ c]ta9 decorative motives belong+ to a =eign /yle in/ead ( evolv+ !m out ( 8 own inn] consci\sness4 ,al?\gh 8 mat]ials may n all h be5 ( native orig91 !y 7 s skilfully made use ( 9 comb9ation ) native designs1 & develop$ ) su* exquisite ta/e1 t ! result 0 to produce an entirely orig9al /yle1 ! l ( :i* ! _w _h nev] se5 be=e4 ,,index ,ab]corn1 cross-%aft1 #bfi ,ab]gele1 horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,ab]lemno1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,ab]ne?y1 #hb ,ab+don1 pott]y1 #abd ,aboyne1 armlet1 #aac -- erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,a*nabreac1 spirals at1 #ej gean1 spiral ornam5t 9 !1 #ed sica1 #hb -- fibula1 #aeb ,alfri/on1 horse-trapp+s1 #id -- enamell$ h>ness-r+1 #acd ,alg]ia1 p5annul> broo*1 #bbe ,all+ton1 pott]y1 #abd ,al/onfield1 ,iron ,age burial at1 #fh ,amb] sett+s1 #bcg ,am]d51 sword-%ea?1 #ia ,amm5dola1 s>cophagus (1 #f ,&rews1 ,/41 s>cophagus1 #aic ,angels1 #cjj ,animals1 figures (1 #adf ,ant5n1 swords )1 #hf ,an?ony1 ,/41 #cjb ,an?ropomorphic designs1 ,late-,celtic1 #add ,an?ropomorphs 9 ,celtic ,*ri/ian art1 #bid ,apoll9>e 9 ,classe1 ,sant'1 ,rav5na1 #bdd ,ar*dall1 ,ca/le1 spirals at1 #ea ,ardagh1 *alice1 #baf1 #bce ,ardakill5 ,crannog1 #ha -- -- fibula1 #agj ,ard*attan1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,ardo*1 #hb -- horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,ari/otle1 #b ,armagh1 bell1 #aii -- ,book (1 #age -- %r9e ( ,book (1 #bjh ,armlets1 enamell$1 #acd -- ,late-,celtic1 #aac -- ( glass1 ,late-,celtic1 #ada ,arria & ,paetus1 #e ,arras1 armlet1 #aad -- horse-trapp+s1 #id -- ,iron ,age burials at1 #fc -- mirror1 #aae ,aryans1 #a ,aspatria1 sculptur$ ci/1 #ee ,assynt1 jet necklace f1 #db ,a/on ,cl9ton1 pott]y1 #abd ,a!nry1 dagg]-%ea?1 #ib ,a?lone1 ,crucifixion1 #bah ,au*5dolly1 horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,au*5badie1 armlet1 #aac ,avebury1 fibula1 #ajf ,axe-head ( bronze ) spirals1 #eb -- sculptures1 #ee ,aycliffe1 cross-%aft1 #bfi ,ayles=d1 bucket1 #aaf1 #ade -- fibula1 #ajf -- ,iron ,age cemet]y at1 #gj -- pott]y1 #abb -- tank>d1 #aaf ,ayton ,moor1 cup-m>ks at1 #eg ,backwor?1 pair ( fibul1 #ajc -- saucepan1 #aag ,badony1 ,l[]1 bell1 #aih ,baglan1 cross-slab1 #ahb ,bak]hill1 sculptur$ ci/1 #ee ,balcalk1 jet necklace f1 #db ,ball9d]ry ,crannog1 #ha -- -- comb1 #abh ,balmaclellan1 ,late-,celtic f9ds at1 #gg -- mirror1 #aae ,balls1 /one1 ( ,bronze ,age1 #ej ,ballyco/ello1 horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,ballynam9ton1 horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,b&ag+ patt]ns1 #ch ,bangor1 bell1 #bja ,bap*ild1 horse-trapp+s1 #id ,b>gany h\se1 sword-%ea?1 #ia ,b>la/on1 b[l1 #eh1 #aff ,b>la/on1 ,iron ,age burial at1 #fh ,b>r+ton1 enamell$ b[l1 #ace ,b>ro*an1 cross1 #aib ,b>tl[ ,hills1 enamell$ vessel1 #ach ,basketry1 ,late-,celtic1 #adc ,batt]sea1 %ield1 #ib -- sword-%ea?1 #ia ,bead$ torques1 #aei ,beads1 ,late-,celtic1 #abe1 #ada ,belhelvie1 armlet1 #aac ,bells1 ,celtic1 #aid ,bell-%r9es1 #bjd ,b5ty ,grange1 enamell$ b[l1 #acd -- ,iron ,age burial at1 #fg ,b]k%ire1 triskele p5dant1 #aba ,b]naldby ,moor1 sculptur$ ci/1 #ee ,b]ru1 helmet f1 #ab ,bev]ley1 ,iron ,age burials at1 #fe ,bibracte1 enamels f1 #ach ,bigbury ,camp1 #hb ,birdlip1 b[l1 #aaf -- fibula1 #ajf -- ,iron ,age burials at1 #fi -- mirror1 #aae ,birnie1 bell1 #aih ,birr5sw>k1 #hb ,birr5sw>k1 horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,biskra1 p5annul> broo*1 #bbe ,black ,h$on1 cup-m>ks at1 #eg ,black%aw1 spirals at1 #ej ,bla?mac1 crozi]1 #bjh ,bo>s' tusks f ,arras1 #fd ,bones1 engrav$1 #aej ,bonework1 ,late-,celtic1 #abg ,bonville1 fibula1 #ajf ,book-%r9es1 #bjh ,b[l1 ,b>la/on1 #aff -- ,*e/]ton1 #afg -- enamell$1 ,mklebu/1 #afj ,b[ls1 ,late-,celtic1 #aaf -- ) enamell$ h&les1 #acd ,boxmoor1 sword-%ea?1 #ia ,braddan1 ,kirk1 :eel-cross1 #ahh ,bra9tree1 pott]y1 #abd ,braugh+1 enamell$ vessel1 #acg ,braz+1 #acb ,breac ,mo$oc1 #baa ,breaks 9 plait1 #bei ,bride1 ,kirk1 cross1 #ahf ,bridle-bit1 enamell$1 ,rise1 #acc -- -- ,birr5sw>k1 #acc ,brighton1 pott]y1 #abe ,brodie1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,broight]1 ,limavady1 f9d ( gold ornam5ts1 #aji ,broo*1 p5annul>1 #bbc ,bronze ,age burials1 #bc -- -- ,celtic art 91 #bb -- -- ,celts1 #ae -- -- *ronology (1 #ai -- -- patt]ns :i* surviv$ into ! ,iron ,age1 #fj ,br\gh1 #hb ,br\gh1 fibula1 #ajg1 #aed ,bry?ons1 #ag ,buckets1 #ade -- ,late-,celtic1 #aaf ,burghead1 #hb ,burials ( ,iron ,age1 #fe ,bunranno*1 armlet1 #aac ,byzant9e art1 #bci1 #bdd ,caburn1 ,m\nt1 ,late-,celtic oppidum at1 #gd ,cai/or1 enamell$ b[l1 #ace ,cald]/ones1 spirals at1 #ej ,camborne1 cross-slab1 #ahb ,came ,d[n1 cup-m>ks at1 #eg ,cam]ot ,muir1 spirals at1 #ej ,cant]bury1 *tela9e1 #aae -- horse-trapp+s1 #id ,capel ,g>mon1 fire-dogs1 #aah1 #ada ,cappagh1 bell1 #aii ,c>ew1 cross1 #aic ,c>ham1 sword-%ea?1 #ia ,c>l+w>k ,lo*1 tank>d1 #aaf ,c>lsw>k ,cav]n1 armlet1 #aad ,c>lton1 inlaid object1 #aci ,c>nbn1 sculptur$ ci/1 #ee ,c>n ,br1 #af ,c>nwa?1 sculptur$ ci/1 #ee ,ca%el1 bell1 #bja ,ca/ell ,nadolig1 #hb ,ca/+ metal1 ,iron ,age1 #acj ,ca/le ,d]mot1 #aib ,ca/le ,newe1 armlet1 #aac -- -- weem at1 #hb -- -- enamell$ armlets1 #acd ,ca/le?orpe1 armlet1 #aad ,catt]dale1 sword-%ea?1 #ia ,cauldrons ( bronze1 #hf ,caves inhabit$ by ,brit-,wel%1 #ge1 #ha ,celt1 #d ,celtic ,tribes 9 ,brita91 #ag ,celt 9 classical sculpture1 #e ,celts ( bronze1 #da ,c5taur1 #cjb ,c]tosa situl1 #ade ,*ad1 ,/41 ,book (1 #age ,*a9s1 #bcg -- ( gold & silv]1 ,late-,celtic1 #aci ,*alices1 ,celtic1 #bae ,*alk drums f ,folkton1 #ef ,*amplev enamel1 #acf ,*>act]i/ics ( ,celtic ,*ri/ian /yle1 #bed -- ,late-,celtic /yle1 #adc ,*>iots1 #cja -- :eels1 #ih -- :eels f ,arras1 #fd ,*tela9es1 ,late-,celtic1 #aae ,*$wor?1 ,*i-,rho ,monogram1 #afb ,*equ]work1 ,late-,celtic1 #afj ,*]ubim1 #cjj ,*e/]=d1 ,great1 ,kimm]idge %ale vessel1 #abh ,*e/]s1 ,great1 fibula1 #ajg ,*e/]ton1 b[l1 #afg -- enamell$ b[l1 #ace ,*evron patt]ns1 #bh -- -- ,late-,celtic1 #afj ,*i-,rho ,monogram1 #afc ,*orley1 *a9s1 #adj -- pair ( fibul1 #ajb ,*ri/ianity 9 ,brita91 #afb ,*ronology ( ,bronze ,age1 #ai ,circles1 conc5tric1 9 ,bronze ,age1 #ee ,circul> knotwork1 #bgc ,cir5ce/]1 fibula1 #ajg ,ci/s ( ,bronze ,age ) sculpture1 #ee ,cividale1 ,bapti/]y ( ,cali/us1 #beh ,claughton ,moor1 cup-m>ks at1 #eg ,clem5te1 ,san1 ,rome1 #bdd1 #beh ,clogh]1 fibula1 #aje -- bell1 #aii ,cloisonn enamel1 #acf ,clonmacnois1 #aij -- cross-slabs1 #ahj -- crozi]1 #bjg -- gold coll>1 #aaa -- p91 *a9s1 #adj -- p91 #bai ,clooncunra1 horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,clova1 horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,clyde ,crannog1 comb1 #abh ,co9s1 anci5t ,briti%1 #gg -- ) ,late-,celtic f9ds1 #hh ,cookham1 dagg]-%ea?1 #ib ,col*e/]1 ,kimm]idge %ale vessel1 #abh ,commios1 co9s (1 #gh ,corfe ,ca/le1 ,kimm]idge %ale vessel1 #abh ,c[lam1 fibula1 #ajf ,co*no1 :eel-symbol at1 #ei ,c(fey1 ,george1 !ory on spiral ornam5t1 #ec ,c(f9s1 /one1 #aic ,coilsfield1 spirals at1 #ej -- sculptur$ ci/1 #ee ,co9age1 ,celtic1 #ad ,coll>1 ,late-,celtic1 #aec ,coll>s1 ,late-,celtic1 #aji ,col\rs us$ by celtic scribes1 #bcc ,columba's ,psalt]1 %r9e (1 #bji ,compass-"w 9 ,late-,celtic art1 #aej ,cong1 cross1 #bac ,cop$ /ones1 #ahb ,cop5hag51 reliqu>y1 #baa ,coral sett+s1 #bcg ,coss9s1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,c\rcelles-et-,montagne1 #ac ,c[lam1 armlet1 #aad -- ,iron ,age burials at1 #fe ,craigie ,wood1 sculptur$ ci/1 #ee ,craigyw>r51 p91 #aj ,crannogs1 #ha ,crav5 ,arms1 *tela9e1 #aae ,craw=djohn1 silv] *a9s1 #agj ,cremation 9 ,bronze ,age1 #bc ,cri*ie1 horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,cricklade1 fibula1 #ajf ,crosby ,rav5swor?1 spoons1 #abj ,cross1 ,celtic1 evolution (1 #ahf -- processional1 #bac ,cross-slabs1 #aha ,cros/hwaite1 enamell$ b[l1 #acd ,croy1 p5annul> broo*1 #bbh ,crozi]s1 ,celtic1 #bjf ,cruci=m breaks 9 plait1 #bfb -- patt]ns1 #bcf ,crucifixion plaques1 #bah ,cry/al sett+s1 #bcg ,cu]dale1 p5annul> broo*1 #bbg ,culan1 ,/41 bell-%r9e1 #bjd ,culb9 s&s1 armlet1 #aac ,cumda*s1 #bjh ,cup-&-r+ sculpture at ,ilkley1 #ei -- -- ,wool]1 #ei -- -- ,kirkcudbright1 #ei -- -- ,lo*gilphead1 #ei -- -- ,kilm>t91 #ei ,cup-m>k$ /ones1 #eg ,danes' ,graves1 horse-trapp+s1 #id -- -- ,iron age burials1 #fe -- -- p91 #ajg ,d>tmoor1 #af ,dat*et1 fibula1 #ajf1 #aci ,dates ( ,late-,celtic f9ds1 #he ,decorative motives 9 ,bronze ,age1 #bc ,delphi sack$ by ! ,gauls1 #d ,d5m>k1 spiral ornam5t 91 #ea ,deepdale cave1 #gf1 #ha -- loop$ wire armlets1 #aci ,diagonal l9es1 use (1 #fj -- sett+-out l9es1 #bee ,dimma's ,book1 %r9e (1 #bji ,discs ( rep\ss bronze1 late-,celtic1 #aba ,dogmael's1 ,/41 #ah ,dogs1 fire-1 #ada -- -- ,late-,celtic1 #aah ,dor*e/]1 sword-%ea?1 #ia ,dorno* ,l9ks1 cup-m>ks at1 #eg ,dots1 r[s (1 9 decoration1 #ci -- use (1 #fj ,d[alton ,crannog1 #ha -- horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,d[k]bottom ,cave1 fibula1 #ajg ,d[?1 spirals at1 #ej ,dr9k+-cup urns1 #be ,drumcliff1 cross1 #aib ,drumragh1 bell1 #aii ,dunfall&y1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd1 #bgg ,dunkeld1 ,little1 bell1 #aih ,duppl91 cross1 #aib ,durr[1 cross1 #aib -- ,book (1 #afi1 #agd -- %r9e ( ,book (1 #bjh ,dyce1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,dys]t1 crozi]1 #bjh ,eagle & fi%1 #cja ,ecclesia/ics1 #cja ,eday1 spirals at1 #ej ,egypt1 spiral ornam5t 91 #ed ,eilean ,f9an1 bell1 #aih ,eliseg's ,pill>1 ,valle ,crucis1 #aic ,elk/one1 cup-m>ks at1 #eg ,elv$51 pott]y1 #abd -- tank>d1 #aaf ,embleton1 sword-%ea?1 #ia ,embsay1 coll>1 #aaa ,emlagh1 horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,enamell+1 ,iron ,age1 #acc -- process (1 #ace ,enamels ( ,*ri/ian ,celtic p]iod1 #bce ,engrav$ patt]ns1 ,iron ,age1 #acb ,eppillos1 co9s (1 #gh ,essex1 pott]y1 #abb ,evolution ( ,celtic cross1 #ahf ,f>ley hea?1 #hb -- fibula1 #ajg ,f>nell1 cross-slab1 #ahd ,f>r1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,f5s1 !1 horse-trapp+s1 #id ,fibula1 evolution (1 #ii -- f sica1 #aeb ,fibul1 enamell$1 #acd -- disc-%ap$1 #aed -- worn 9 pairs ) *a91 #ajd ,figure draw+ 9 ,celtic ,*ri/ian art1 #bef ,figure-subjects 9 ,celtic ,*ri/ian art1 #bif ,filigree-"w1 #bcg ,f9ds1 ,late-,celtic1 dates (1 #he -- -- geographical di/ribution (1 #gi -- -- ) co9s1 #hh -- ( ,iron ,age1 nature (1 #fa ,fire-dogs1 #ada -- ,late-,celtic1 #aah ,fir?1 spirals at1 #ej ,flamboyant ornam5t1 ,late-,celtic1 #aej ,flasby1 sword-%ea?1 #ia ,flutes1 ,late-,celtic1 #aah ,foliage 9 ,celtic ,*ri/ian art1 #bdg1 #bid -- 9 ,late-,celtic art1 #adh ,folkton1 *alk drums f1 #ef ,food-vessel urns1 #be ,=d ,we/ ,field1 sculptur$ ci/1 #ee ,=res1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,=teviot1 bell1 #aih ,frampton1 ,*i-,rho ,monogram1 #afc ,galati1 #d ,gall1 ,/41 ,gospels (1 #agg ,galli1 #d ,g>ton1 bell1 #aih ,gaulcross1 p91 #ajh ,gauls1 ,cisalp9e1 #ac ,geographical di/ribution ( ,late-,celtic f9ds1 #gi ,ghegan ,rock1 comb1 #abh ,giacomo1 ,san1 ,v5ice1 #bde ,gilton1 mirror1 #aae ,giorgio1 ,san1 di ,valpolicella1 #bdd1 #beh ,gladiator1 ! ,dy+1 #e ,glamis1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,glass1 ,late-,celtic1 #abe1 #ada -- sett+s1 #bcg ,gla/onbury ,lake-,dwell+s1 #gb1 #ha -- ,lake ,village1 pott]y1 #adb -- -- -- woodwork1 #adg1 #afa -- ,m>% ,village1 pott]y1 #abe -- -- -- woodwork1 #abf -- -- -- b[l1 #aag ,gl5columbkille1 spirals at1 #ea ,gl5co?o1 sword-%ea?1 #ia ,gl5fahan1 ,ogam /one1 #afe ,gobnet1 ,/41 /one (1 #afe ,goidelic ,celts1 #ae ,goidels1 #ag ,gold5 ,grove1 cross1 #bfa -- -- cross-%aft1 #bhb ,golspie1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,gorge-,meillet1 helmet f1 #ab ,gospels1 #agc ,g\li51 bell1 #aii ,g\rdon1 *alice1 #bae ,govan1 s>cophagus1 #aic ,grkwyl1 #ac ,grange ( ,conan1 weem at1 #hb -- -- armlet1 #aac ,gre5loan1 cup-m>ks at1 #eg ,gre5wi*1 enamell$ b[l1 #ace ,grimsp\nd1 #af ,grim?orpe1 ,iron ,age burial at1 #fe -- sword-%ea?1 #ia ,gu?rie ,ca/le1 bell-%r9e1 #bjd ,hagb\rne ,hill1 horse-trapp+s1 #ie -- -- ,late-,celtic f9ds at1 #gf ,hllri/n+>1 #fj ,hall/att1 cemet]y (1 #g -- situl1 #ade -- type1 objects (1 f\nd 9 ,great ,brita91 #hf ,hambl$[n ,hill1 #hb ,ham hill1 #hb ,hamdon ,hill1 horse-trapp+s1 #ie -- -- ,late-,celtic f9ds at1 #gf ,hamm]-head$ p9s1 #ajh ,hamm]smi?1 fibula1 #ajf ,h&-grasp+ figures1 #bid ,h>ness-m\nt+s1 #ih -- enamell$1 #acd ,h>ness-r+s1 enamell$1 #acd -- ,late-,celtic1 #if ,h>ray1 bro* (1 #hb ,haughton-le-,sk]ne1 sword-%ea?1 #ia ,hay ,hill1 fire-dogs1 #aah ,head ornam5ts = horses1 #ih ,hecatu1 #b ,hel5's1 ,/41 ,*i-,rho ,monogram1 #afc ,helmet f ,b]ru1 #ab -- f ,gorge-,meillet1 #ab ,helmets1 ,late-,celtic1 #ic ,h5%ole1 horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,h]odotus1 #b ,hexagon patt]ns1 #cf ,high ,crosses1 #ahh ,highfield ,pits1 pott]y1 #abe ,hilton ( ,cadboll1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,h9ksey1 ,n41 dagg]-%ea?1 #ib ,hit*91 pott]y1 #abd ,hod ,hill1 #hb -- -- fibula1 #ajf -- -- sword-%ea?1 #ia ,holl[s ,t[]1 spirals at1 #ej ,hook-&-disc ornam5ts1 ,late-,celtic1 #aba ,horns ) t]m9al knobs1 #adh ,horse's head ornam5ts1 #ih ,horse-trapp+s f ,arras1 #fd -- ,late-,celtic1 #id ,h\nsl[1 figures ( animals1 #adf ,hunsbury1 fibula1 #ajf -- ,late-,celtic oppidum at1 #gc -- pott]y1 #abe -- sword-%ea?1 #acb -- sword-%ea?1 #ia1 #ig -- triskele p5dant1 #aba ,hunt]/on1 broo*1 #bca ,hynd=d ,crannog1 #ha -- -- coll>1 #aab ,ib]ians1 #ae ,ickl+ham1 sword-%ea?1 #ia ,ilkley1 cup-&-r+ sculpture1 #ei -- rock-sculptures at1 #eg ,inc5se-cup urns1 #be ,in*brayock1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,+oe1 cup-m>ks at1 #eg ,inhumation 9 ,bronze ,age1 #bc ,ini%keel1 bell1 #bjc ,ink us$ by ,celtic scribes1 #bcb ,in%1 bell1 #aih ,int]lac$-"w1 #bdf -- evolution (1 #beg ,inv]g[rie1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,iona1 cross1 #aib ,irel&1 spoons1 #aba ,italo-,greek objects f\nd at ,ayles=d1 #ga ,iron ,age f9ds1 #fa ,jet necklaces1 #db ,jez]9e1 *a9s1 #adj ,j1 ,/41 ,*i-,rho ,monogram1 #afc ,kells1 ,book (1 #agd ,kells1 cross1 #aib1 #bbd1 #bcc -- crozi]1 #bjg -- %r9e ( ,book (1 #bjh ,kelko cave1 #gf1 #ha ,k5t's ,cav]n1 #gf1 #ha -- -- pott]y1 #abe ,ke%k]rigan1 b[l1 #aag ,ke/on1 #af ,kettleburn1 bro* (1 #hb ,key-patt]ns1 #bgh ,kilbroney1 bell1 #aih ,kilburn1 cup-m>ks at1 #eg ,kildalton1 cross1 #aib ,kild>e1 ,co41 p5annul> broo*1 #bbh ,kilf5ora1 cross1 #aib ,kilke]an1 horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,kilklispe51 cross1 #aib ,kill>ney1 crozi]1 #bjg -- gold lunula f1 #dj ,kille5 ,cormac1 ,ogam /one1 #afe ,kill+ ,hill1 spirals at1 #ea ,kilma9ham1 bell1 #aih ,kilm>t91 cup-&-r+ sculpture1 #ei -- sculptur$ ci/1 #ee ,kilmi*ael ,glass>y1 bell-%r9e1 #bjd ,kilnsea1 fibula1 #ajg ,kimm]idge %ale objects1 ,late-,celtic1 #abh ,k+%olm1 pott]y1 #abe ,k+%olm1 triskele p5dant1 #aba ,k+'s ,m\nta91 spirals at1 #ej ,k+/on ,d[n1 enamell$ b[l1 #ace ,kirkby ,?ore1 fibula1 #ajg ,kirkcudbright1 cup-&-r+ sculpture1 #ei ,kirkhead ,cave1 #ge1 #ha ,kirkly ,?ore1 #hb ,kirkmadr9e1 ,*i-,rho ,monogram1 #afc ,kirk ,:elp+ton1 cup-m>ks at1 #eg ,kirriemuir1 horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,kit's ,coty ,h\se1 pott]y1 #abd ,knobs on horns ( bea/s1 #adh ,knockmany1 spirals at1 #ea ,knot1 spiral1 #bgj ,knots us$ 9 ,celtic art1 #bfe ,knotwork1 circul>1 #bgc -- triangul>1 #bgf ,lact9's1 ,/41 arm1 %r9e (1 #baj ,lagore crannog1 #ha -- -- beads1 #abe -- -- comb1 #abh -- p91 #ajh ,lake-dwell+s1 #ha ,lake-dwell+s at ,gla/onbury1 #gb ,lanivet1 cop$ /one1 #ahb ,la%+ patt]ns1 #ch ,late-,celtic f9ds1 dates (1 #he -- -- geographical di/ribution (1 #gi -- -- ) co9s1 #hh -- /yle1 #adc ,la ,tne1 oppidum (1 #i ,la!ron1 eagle & fi%1 #cja ,lattice-"w patt]ns1 #cd ,lea!rwork1 #bcg ,leice/]1 horse-trapp+s1 #id ,lilburn ,hill1 spirals at1 #ej ,limavady1 gold *a9s1 #aci ,limavady1 gold coll>1 #aji1 #aec ,l9coln1 sword-%ea?1 #ia ,l9disf>ne ,book1 #agg ,l9li?g[%ire1 enamell$ pat]a1 #acg ,lismore1 crozi]1 #bjg ,lisnacrogh]a ,crannog1 #ha -- -- sword-%ea?1 #adh -- sword-%ea?1 #ia ,llanbad>n ,fawr1 cross1 #aic ,llanb$r1 spirals at1 #ej ,llanfair1 spoons1 #aba ,ll&\gh1 cross1 #aic ,ll&yssyl1 coll>1 #aaa ,llang5ydd1 cross-%aft1 #bgj ,llangy/5yn1 bell1 #aih ,llangwynodl1 bell1 #bjj ,llanrhyddlad1 bell1 #aih ,llantwit ,major1 cross1 #ahf1 #bfa ,lo*> ,moss1 b[l1 #aaf -- -- coll>1 #aaa ,lo*gilphead1 cup-&-r+ sculpture1 #ei ,lo*lee ,crannog1 #ha -- -- woodwork1 #abg -- horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,lonan1 ,kirk1 :eel-cross1 #ahh ,london1 enamell$ h>ness-r+1 #acd -- fibula1 #ajf -- horse-trapp+s1 #id -- spoons1 #abj -- sword-%ea?1 #ia ,loop$ wirework1 #aci ,lorrha1 bell1 #bja ,l\ghcrew1 spirals at1 #ej ,l\gh ,erne1 reliqu>y1 #baj ,l\gh ,l5e ,ca/le1 bell1 #bja ,l\ghna%ade1 trumpet1 #aah ,l\gh ,ravel ,crannog1 beads1 #abe ,loz5ge patt]ns1 #cb -- -- ,late-,celtic1 #afj ,lull+/one1 enamell$ b[l1 #ace ,lunul1 gold1 #da ,lumphanan1 /one ball f1 #ej ,mac,durnan1 ,gospels1 #age ,mac,regol1 ,gospels (1 #age ,madoes1 ,/41 erect cross-slab1 #ahc ,ma5 ,a*yfan1 cross1 #aic ,maes ,myna*1 cross-%aft1 #bgj ,magny ,lamb]t1 #ab ,maid5 ,ca/le1 #hb ,maid5 ,/one1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,maltbeck1 enamell$ vessel1 #ach ,malton1 fibula1 #ajg ,malton1 ,new1 #hb ,m>lbor\gh1 bucket1 #aaf ,man*a1 ,la1 spirals at1 #ej ,man*an1 ,/41 %r9e (1 #bab ,manuscripts1 illum9at$1 #agc ,m>gam1 cross1 #ahf ,m>lbor\gh bucket1 #add ,m>ne1 ,la1 cemet]ies (1 #aa ,mat]ials = /udy ( ,celtic art 9 ,bronze ,age1 #bb ,mat]ials = /udy ( ,celtic art 9 ,iron ,age1 #ij ,mat]ials = /udy ( ,celtic ,*ri/ian art1 #agb ,mat]ials us$ by ,celtic sculptors1 #bcc ,maughanby1 cup-m>ks at1 #eg -- spirals at1 #ej ,maughold1 ,kirk1 cross1 #ahf ,meigle1 cop$ /one1 #ahb -- erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,mel=t1 jet necklace f1 #db ,metallurgy1 ,iron ,age1 #acj ,metals us$ by ,*ri/ian ,celts1 #bcd ,metalwork1 ,*ri/ian ,celtic1 #aid ,me?ods employ$ by ,celtic sculptors1 #bcc ,me?ods employ$ by ,celtic metalwork]s1 #bcd ,mevagh1 :eel & symbol at1 #ei ,middleby1 horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,middleton ,common1 ,iron ,age burial at1 #fg ,middleton ,moor1 enamell$ b[l1 #acd -- -- jet necklace f1 #db ,migvie1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,mirrors1 ,late-,celtic1 #aae ,mirror1 ,trelan ,bah[1 #aca ,mogue1 ,/41 bell-%r9e1 #bjd ,mklebu/1 enamell$ b[l1 #afj ,molaise's ,gospels1 %r9e (1 #bji ,mona/]boice1 cross1 #aij1 #bbd ,monifie?1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,monogram1 ,*i-,rho1 #afc ,moone ,abbey1 cross1 #aib ,mont ,beuvray1 enamels f1 #ach -- -- pott]y1 #ada ,monum5ts1 sculptur$1 ( ,*ri/ian p]iod1 #ahj ,monymusk1 reliqu>y1 #baj ,moresby1 p91 #ajh ,moreton ,hall1 sword-%ea?1 #ia ,morwick1 spirals at1 #ej ,motives1 decorative1 9 ,bronze ,age1 #bc ,motives us$ 9 ,*ri/ian ,celtic art1 #bdb ,m\nt ,batt51 ,iron ,age cemet]y at1 #gj ,m\nt ,bures1 fire-dogs1 #aah ,m\nt ,caburn1 pott]y1 #abe ,m\nt+s = h>ness1 #ih ,m[road1 coll>1 #aaa ,mura1 ,/41 bell-%r9e1 #bjd ,myc5an art1 #eg ,nancy1 *alice1 #bae ,navan ,ra?1 fibula1 #ajf ,necklaces ( jet1 #db ,ne$ham ,m>ket1 enamell$ b[l1 #ace ,neoli?ic dwell+s1 #af ,neuadd ,si>man1 cross1 #aij ,nev]n1 cross1 #aia ,newca/le1 *a9s1 #adj ,newgrange tumulus1 #dc ,newry1 armlet1 #aac ,niello1 #bce ,nigg1 erect cross-slab1 #ahb ,norrie's law1 leaf-%ap$ plates1 #agj -- -- p91 #ajh ,nor?field1 ,late-,celtic village1 #hb ,norton1 enamell$ fibula1 #acd -- enamell$ h>ness-r+s1 #acd -- horse-trapp+s1 #id ,ogam-inscrib$ /ones1 #afe ,ok/r[1 bro* (1 #hb -- tank>d1 #aaf ,old ,p>ks1 tumulus1 #ef ,orange1 ,triumphal ,ar* (1 #e ,or*om5os1 spiral ornam5t at1 #ed ,orig9 ( e>ly ,*ri/ian art1 #bch ,ornovasso1 *a9s1 #adj ,orton ,sc>1 p5annul> broo*1 #bbg ,ov]-,haddon1 enamell$ b[l1 #acd ,ox=d1 enamell$ b[l1 #ace ,pails1 ,late-,celtic1 #aaf ,p & ,q ,celts1 #ah ,panels1 ornam5t arrang$ 91 #bee ,papil1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,p>isi1 #ab ,pat]a1 enamell$1 #acg ,patrick's ,w1 ,/41 bell-%r9e1 #bjd ,patrick's1 ,/41 ,gospels1 %r9e (1 #bji ,p5ally1 cross1 #aic ,p5annul> broo*1 #bbc ,p5-,ar?ur1 cross-slab1 #aha ,p5bryn1 spoons1 #aba ,p5ma*no1 ,*i-,rho ,monogram1 #afc ,p5mon1 cross1 #ahe ,p5s us$ by ,celtic scribes1 #bcb ,p5tre ,poe?1 ,ogam /one1 #afe ,p]deswell1 coll>1 #aaa ,p]fection ( details ( ,celtic ornam5t1 #bef ,p]=at$ metal plates1 #bcf ,p]gamos1 #e ,p]?1 p5annul> broo*1 #bca ,philo/ratus1 #acc ,p9s1 ,celtic1 #bai -- hamm]-head$1 #ajh -- ,late-,celtic1 #ajg ,pitalp91 armlet1 #aac ,pitkelloney1 armlet1 #aac -- enamell$ armlets1 #acd ,plait1 cruci=m breaks 91 #bfb -- horizontal & v]tical breaks 91 #bei ,plaques ) ,crucifixion1 #bah ,plato1 #b ,plaitwork1 #bei ,plunton ca/le1 armlet1 #aac ,pold5 ,hill1 enamell$ h>ness-r+1 #acd -- -- fibula1 #ajf -- -- horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,pol de ,lon1 ,/41 bell1 #bja ,polybius1 #c ,poole's cave1 #gf1 #ha ,port-,blanc1 dolm51 #ci ,portl&1 ,isle (1 coll>1 #aaa ,pott]y1 ,late ,celtic1 #aba1 #adb -- pa9t$1 ,mont ,beuvray1 #ada -- sepul*ral1 9 bronze age1 #bd ,prass$e1 ,san1 ,rome1 #beh ,presles1 enamels f1 #ach ,prickwill[1 saucepan1 #aag ,processes1 te*nical1 9 ,celtic ,*ri/ian art1 #bcb -- -- iron age1 #abi ,psalt] ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge1 #agh -- ,vesp4 ,a4 i41 #agh -- ,vit4 ,f4 xi41 #agh ,psalt]s1 #agf ,pyrmont1 enamell$ vessel1 #ach ,py!as1 #c ,ra?conra?1 wood5 b[l1 #abg ,rav5na1 scre51 #bde ,reask1 inscrib$ /one1 #aff ,rectil9e> patt]ns 9 ,late-,celtic art1 #aei ,r$l&s1 sculptur$ ci/1 #ee ,relic %r9es1 #baj ,rep\ss metalwork1 ,iron ,age1 #acb ,rhayad]1 gold armlet1 #agj ,rib*e/]1 #hb -- fibula1 #ajg ,ricem>*us1 ,psalt] (1 #agf ,r+ham ,l[1 fibula1 #ajf ,r+s = h>ness1 #if ,rise1 horse-trapp+s1 #id ,ris+ham1 #hb -- enamell$ fibula1 #acd -- fibula1 #ajg ,rivet+1 ,iron ,age1 #acb ,rock-sculpture 9 ,sc&9avia1 #fj ,rod5ba*1 #ac ,rog>t1 p5annul> broo*1 #bbh ,rome tak5 by ! ,gauls1 #d ,rosem>kie1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd1 #bhc ,rossie ,priory1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,ro!rley1 #hb ,r\nd t[]s1 #aif ,sadb]ge1 sword-%ea?1 #ia ,safety-p9 type ( fibula1 #ajj ,saham ,toney1 cruci=m h>ness-m\nt+1 #ih -- -- enamell$ h>ness-m\nt+1 #adc -- -- horse-trapp+s1 #id ,saltire patt]ns1 #ce ,s&y1 pott]y1 #abd ,s>cophagi1 #aic ,saucepans1 ,kelto-,roman1 #aag ,sc&9avia1 rock-sculpture 91 #fj -- spiral ornam5t 91 #ea ,sc&9avian features 9 ,celtic art1 #beb ,scatt]y ,isl&1 bell1 #aih ,scribes1 p5s1 ink1 etc41 us$ by1 #bcb ,scripture subjects 9 ,celtic art1 #bif ,sculptur$ monum5ts ( ,*ri/ian p]iod1 #ahj ,sculptur$ /one at ,newgrange1 #di ,sculptur$ /ones1 ,late-,celtic1 #abh ,sculpture on ,bronze ,age ci/s1 #ee ,seafield ,t[]1 armlet1 #aac ,seal-box1 enamell$1 #acd ,seamill ,=t1 #hb -- -- triskele p5dant1 #aba ,sepul*ral rema9s ( ,iron ,age1 #fc ,sesk91 sculptur$ ci/1 #ee ,se/o-,cal5de1 #i ,sett+s ( coral1 amb]1 glass1 & cry/al1 #bcg ,%ad+1 k9ds (1 9 ,late-,celtic art1 #aef ,%&wick1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,%e51 cup-m>ks at1 #eg ,%ields1 ,late-,celtic1 #ib -- ,s\?1 horse-trapp+s1 #id ,%oebury1 pott]y1 #abd ,%r9es ( bells1 #bjd -- ( books1 #bjh -- ( relics1 #baj ,sil*e/]1 #hb -- enamell$ /&1 #acd -- fibula1 #ajg1 #aed ,silian1 cross-%aft1 #bgj ,silures1 #ah ,situl1 ,hall/att1 #ade -- ,late-,celtic1 #aaf -- ( bronze1 #hf ,skaill1 p5annul> broo*1 #bbg ,sliabh na ,calliaghe1 #dc -- -- -- bonework1 #abg -- -- -- engrav$ bones1 #aej ,sold]+1 #acb ,somme-,bionne1 #ac ,s\?ill1 ,*i-,rho ,monogram1 #afc ,s\?w>k1 dagg]-%ea?1 #ib ,spe>-head ( bronze age1 #ci ,spiral1 closely coil$1 #fj -- knot1 #bgj -- ornam5t at ,newgrange1 #dh -- -- at ,or*om5os1 #ed -- -- 9 ,bronze ,age1 #ej -- -- 9 ,egypt1 #ed -- -- 9 ,sc&9avia1 #ea ,spirals 9 ,celtic ,*ri/ian art1 #bhd -- ,late-,celtic1 #aed -- f ,book ( ,durr[1 #afi ,spoons1 ,late-,celtic1 #aai ,/am=dbury1 fire-dogs1 #aah ,/am=d ,hill1 armlet1 #aad -- -- fibula1 #ajf -- -- mirror1 #aae ,/&1 enamell$1 #acd ,/&on1 enamell$ vessel1 #ach ,/anhope1 armlet1 #aac ,/anton1 cup-m>ks at1 #eg ,/anwick1 horse-trapp+s1 #id -- ,late-,celtic f9ds at1 #ge -- sword-%ea?1 #ia ,/ep-patt]ns1 #bgg -- 9 ,late-,celtic art1 #afj ,/it*ell1 coll>1 #aaa ,/ival1 bell1 #bjj ,/ockholm1 ,gospels1 #age ,/ones1 sculptur$1 ,late-,celtic1 #abh ,/orr1 p5annul> broo*1 #bbg ,/[e ,missal1 cov] (1 #agj -- -- %r9e (1 #bji ,/ra?fillan1 bell1 #bja ,/roke/[n ,crannog1 #ha -- -- fibula1 #agj ,/rypes1 spirals at1 #ej ,/yle1 ,late-,celtic1 #adc ,swa/ika an?ropomorphs1 #bid -- curv$1 at ,ilkley1 #eh -- -- on ,b>la/on b[l1 #eh -- --1 #fj -- designs1 ,late-,celtic1 #aed ,sw$51 bronze axe-head ) spirals f1 #eb ,sword1 ,hall/att1 #h ,sword-%ea? f ,la ,tne1 #aa -- ,hunsbury1 #acb ,sword-%ea?s1 ,late 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helmet1 #ic ,torwoodlee1 bro* (1 #hb -- horse-trapp+s1 #ie ,t[]s1 r\nd1 #aif ,t[ie1 /one ball f1 #ej ,trumpet1 ,late-,celtic1 #aah ,tuam1 cross1 #baj ,tullylease1 cross-slab1 #aha ,tumulus at ,newgrange1 #cd -- at ,old ,p>ks1 #ef ,turoe1 ,late-,celtic sculpture1 #abh ,twe$1 riv]1 ,late-,celtic f9ds 91 #gg ,tyne1 fibula1 #ajg -- riv]1 ,late-,celtic f9ds 91 #gg ,uffizi ,museum1 cruci=m h>ness-m\nt+1 #ih -- -- enamell$ h>ness-m\nt+1 #acd ,ulb/]1 erect cross-slab1 #ahd1 #bgf ,un/an1 urn f1 #ch ,urns1 c9]>y1 #bd ,urquh>t1 p91 #ajh ,victoria ,cave at ,settle1 #gf1 #ha -- -- fibula1 #ajg1 #aed ,vigeans1 ,/41 erect cross-slab1 #ahd ,v]ica1 co9s (1 #gh ,walm]1 fibula1 #aje -- spoon1 #aba ,w&swor?1 dagg]-%ea?1 #ib ,w>d51 mirror1 #aae ,w>d51 ,old1 ,kimm]idge %ale vessel1 #abh ,w>r51 ,folke/one1 fibula1 #ajb ,w>ton1 sword-%ea?1 #ia ,wat] ,eaton1 fibula1 #ajf -- -- sword-%ea?1 #ia ,wats* situl1 #ade ,well+bor\gh1 #hb ,we/hall1 horse-trapp+s1 #id -- enamell$ h>ness-r+s1 #acd ,we/on1 spoons1 #aba1 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s]ies w be edit$ by ! well-kn[n antiqu>y1 ,j4 ,*>les ,cox1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,s4,a41 ,memb] ( ! ,royal ,ar*ological ,in/itute1 & ,correspond+ ,memb] ( ! ,briti% ,ar*ological ,association4 ,ea* book w be entru/$ to an exp]t 9 ! select$ subject1 & ! publi%]s are =tunate 9 hav+ secur$ ! s]vices ( di/+ui%$ writ]s4 ,a special feature w be made ( ! illu/rations1 :i* w v>y1 accord+ to ! requirem5t ( ! subjects1 f #ej to #aej4 ,"s w be 9 col\r4 ,! type w be l>ge & cle>1 ! l5g? ( ea* volume w be ab\t #cbj pages1 & ! size w be demy #hvo4 ,! volumes w be issu$ at ! price ( #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,volumes ,,are ,,engli% ,,mona/ic ,,life ,,abbot ,,gasquet1 ,o4,s4,b41 ,d4,d41 ,,ph4,d41 ,d4,,litt4 ,9 ^! pages ! daily r\nd ( ! old life ( ,engli% monks & nuns is fully set =?1 toge!r ) int]e/+ details z to _! v>i\s (ficials & me?ods ( adm9i/ration4 ,illu/rations are giv5 ( ! habits ( ! v>i\s ord]s1 z well z plates tak5 f old ,,mss41 gr\nd plans ( important h\ses1 & maps %[+ ! di/ribution ( ! diff]5t mona/]ies4 ,a full & accurate li/ ( ! :ole ( ! ,engli% religi\s h\ses 7includ+ ! hospitals7 suppress$ at ! ,re=mation is = ! fir/ "t set =?1 toge!r ) indications ( ! cases 9 :i* !re are extant rema9s4 ,,rema9s ,,( ,,! ,,prehi/oric ,,age ,,9 ,,engl& ,,pr(4 ,b4 ,c4 ,a4 ,,w9dle1 ,d4,,sc41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,?is book is int5d$ to give an acc\nt ( ! pres5t /ate ( k respect+ ! relics ( prehi/oric man 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,?\gh *iefly deal+ ) objects f\nd 9 ,engl&1 :]e necess>y1 descriptions h be5 giv5 ( discov]ies made 9 o!r p>ts ( ! k+dom & ( ! _w4 ,! object ( ! writ] has be5 to conf9e himself1 z f> z possible1 to asc]ta9$ facts1 & to leave !ories aside1 b matt]s ( pres5t controv]sy1 su* z ! "q ( eoli?s & t ( ! transition betwe5 ! ,paloli?ic & ,neoli?ic p]iods1 h be5 fully dealt )4 ,li/s ( ! mo/ important objects ( l>ge size h be5 add$ to ! *apt]s deal+ ) !m1 & !re is also a li/ ( museums 9 ?is c\ntry 9 :i* collections ( ! small] objects are on view4 ,! book is illu/rat$ by ne>ly "o hundr$ figures1 all ( :i* h be5 specially drawn = x1 & mo/ ( :i* h n previ\sly appe>$ else:]e4 ,,old ,,s]vice ,,books ,,( ,,! ,,engli% ,,*ur* ,,*ri/oph] ,,wordswor?1 ,m4,a41 ,,& ,,h5ry ,,littlehales ,a cle> description ( ! plan & cont5ts ( all ! v>i\s s]vice books 9 use 9 ! ,engli% ,*ur* be=e ! ,re=mation4 ,! descriptions h be5 writt5 ma9ly f ! books !mselves1 (t5 f ^? kn[n to h be5 =m]ly 9 use 9 specifi$ p>i% *ur*es4 ,"o :ole page ( e important s]vice-book is giv5 9 facsimile1 & reproductions ( illum9ations h also be5 suppli$1 "s ( :i* depict s]vices tak+ place4 ,,celtic ,,art ,j4 ,,romilly ,,all51 ,f4,s4,a4 8,celtic ,art0 embodies ! results ( ! mo/ rec5t rese>*es ) reg>d to ! peculi>ly ,celtic phases ( 8,hall/att0 & 8,la ,tne0 culture on ! cont95t ( ,europe & _! ext5sion to ,great ,brita9 9 ! ,ages ( ,bronze & ,iron4 ,an endeav\r is made to %[ ! effects produc$ 9 ! art ( ! ,celtic peoples 9 ,pagan times1 by _! com+ 9 contact on ! "o h& ) ! l[] culture ( ! ,neoli?ic aborig9es ( ,brita91 & on ! o!r ) high] civilisations ( ! ,m$it]ranean nations4 ,la/ly1 x is expla9$ h[ ! decorative motives :i* ! ,pagan ,celt _h absorb$ f v>i\s s\rces 7 incorporat$ 9 ! art ( ! ,*ri/ian p]iod4 ,,ar*,,ology ,,& ,,false ,,antiquities ,,rob]t ,,munro1 ,m4,d41 ,,ll4,d4 ,! ma9 object ( ?is "w is to %[ h[ mod]n me?ods ( ,comp>ative ,ar*ology may be utilis$ z a means ( detect+ errone\s conclusions1 :e!r f\nd$ on imp]fect obs]vations1 false /atem5ts1 or ! actual =g]y ( objects4 ,a brief acc\nt is giv5 ( a numb] ( discov]ies 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ! _w :i* h become ! subject ( controv]sy1 z well z "s notable =g]ies4 ,!n foll[s a criticism ( ! s-call$ 8idols10 8totems10 8*ur+as10 etc41 rec5tly f\nd 9 ! ,clyde valley1 :i* are /ill ! subject ( acute controv]sy4 ,! conclud+ *apt] deals ) ! lessons to be d]iv$ f ! above n>rative ( ! results ( ignorance1 fraud1 & impo/ure4 ,,%r9es ,,( ,,briti% ,,sa9ts ,j4 ,,*>les ,,wall 8,%r9es ( ,briti% ,sa9ts0 deals ) a class ( monum5ts :i*1 ?r\gh\t ! ,middle ,ages1 0 ( magnetic attraction1 l>gely gov]n+ ! social & religi\s life ( ! nation1 b :i* has all b ceas$ to exi/ 9 ! ,briti% ,isles4 ,f illum9$ page & fragm5t>y sculpture ! /yle & /ructure ( %r9es is "h set =?4 ,! art be/[$ ^u !m1 ! influ5ce !y _h ^u ! designs ( ca!drals & great *ur*es1 & ! leg5ds surr\nd+ !m1 =m a subject ( no mean value 9 ! life ( ,engli%m54 ,,^! ,,volumes ,,w ,,foll[ ,,folk-,,lore ,,9 ,,e>ly ,,briti% ,,hi/ory ,g4 ,,laur5ce ,,gomme1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,! ,,roman ,,occupation ,,john ,,w>d1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,village ,,geography ,w4 ,,ryl& ,d4 ,,adk9s1 ,b4,a4 ,,*ur* ,,furniture ,j4 ,c4 ,,cox1 ,f4,s4,a1 ,,& ,,alfr$ ,,h>vey1 ,m4,b4 ,,engli% ,,seals ,j4 ,,h>vey ,,bloom1 ,m4,a4 ,,=e/s ,,& ,,=e/ry ,j4 ,,*>les ,,cox1 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,manors ,,& ,,manorial ,,records ,,na?aniel ,j4 ,,hone ,,ca/les ,,& ,,wall$ ,,t[ns ,,( ,,engl& ,,alfr$ ,,h>vey1 ,m4,b4 ,o!r ,volumes are 9 c\rse ( arrangem5t ,illu/ration3 ,,b5$ict9e ,,nuns ,,9 ,,*oir ,a ,,catalogue ,,( ,,books ,,publi%$ ,,by ,,me?u5 ,,& ,,company3 ,,london #cf ,,essex ,,/reet ,w4,c4 ,,cont5ts ,,page ,,g5]al ,,lit]ature1 #b-bd ,,antiqu>y',s ,,books1 #be ,,bus9ess ,,books1 #be ,,byzant9e ,,texts1 #be ,,*ur*man',s ,,bible1 #be ,,*ur*man',s ,,libr>y1 #be ,,classical ,,translations1 #be ,,comm]cial ,,s]ies1 #bf ,,connoisseurs ,,libr>y1 #bf ,,libr>y ,,( ,,devotion1 #bf ,,illu/rat$ ,,pocket ,,libr>y ,,( ,,pla9 ,,& ,,col\r$ ,,books1 #bf ,,junior ,,exam9ation ,,s]ies1 #bh ,,me?u5',s ,,junior ,,s*ool ,,books1 #bh ,,lead]s ,,( ,,religion1 #bh ,,little ,,biographies1 #bh ,,little ,,blue ,,books1 #bh ,,little ,,books ,,on ,,art1 #bi ,,little ,,gall]ies1 #bi ,,little ,,guides1 #bi ,,little ,,libr>y1 #bi ,,me?u5',s ,,m9iature ,,libr>y1 #cj ,,r>iora1 #cj ,,s*ool ,,exam9ation ,,s]ies1 #cj ,,social ,,que/ions ,,( ,,to-,,day1 #ca ,,textbooks ,,( ,,te*nology1 #ca ,,h&books ,,( ,,!ology1 #ca ,,univ]sity ,,ext5sion ,,s]ies1 #ca ,,we/m9/] ,,comm5t>ies1 #cb ,,fiction1 #cb-ci ,,books ,,= ,,boys ,,& ,,girls1 #ci ,,novels ,,( ,,alex&re ,,dumas1 #ci ,,me?u5',s ,,"o ,,%ill+ ,,novels1 #ci ,,! ,,noveli/1 #dj ,,sixp5ny ,,libr>y1 #dj ,,septemb] #aijd ,a ,,catalogue ,,( ,,messrs4 ,,me?u5',s ,,publications ,colonial ,editions are publi%$ ( all ,messrs4 ,,me?u5',s ,novels issu$ at a price above #bs4 #f;d41 & simil> editions are publi%$ ( "s works ( ,g5]al ,lit]ature4 ,^! are m>k$ 9 ! ,catalogue4 ,colonial editions are only = circulation 9 ! ,briti% ,colonies & ,india4 ,,"p ,i4--,,g5]al ,,lit]ature ,abbot 7,jacob74 ,,! ,,bee*nut ,,book4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,v4 ,,lucas4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,little ,blue ,books4 ,acatos 7,m4 ,j474 ,see ,l4 ,a4 ,sornet4 ,adams 7,frank74 ,,jack ,,spratt4 ,) #bd ,col\r$ ,pictures4 ,pott #dto4 #bs4 ,ad5ey 7,w4 ,f471 ,m4,a4 ,see ,b5nett & ,ad5ey4 s*ylus4 ,,agamemnon1 ,,*,,ephoroe1 ,,eum5ides4 ,translat$ by ,,lewis ,,campbell1 ,,ll4,d41 late ,pr(essor ( ,greek at ,/4 ,&rews4 #es4 ,classical ,translations4 sop4 ,,fables4 ,) #chj ,woodcuts by ,,?omas ,,bewick4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,a9swor? 7,w4 ,h>rison74 ,,w9dsor ,,ca/le4 ,) #bb ,plates & #hg ,woodcuts 9 ! ,text by ,,george ,,cruik%ank4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,t[] ,,( ,,london4 ,) #dj ,plates & #eh ,woodcuts 9 ! ,text by ,,george ,,cruik%ank4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,alex&] 7,william71 ,d4,d41 ,ar*bi%op ( ,armagh4 ,,?\ghts ,,& ,,c\nsels ,,( ,,_m ,,ye>s4 ,select$ by ,j4 ,h4 ,,burn1 ,b4,d4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,alk5 7,h5ry74 ,,! ,,analysis ,,( ,,! ,,hunt+ ,,field4 ,) #g ,col\r$ ,plates & #dc ,illu/rations on wood4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,national ,,sports ,,( ,,great ,,brita94 ,) descriptions 9 ,engli% & ,fr5*4 ,) #ea ,col\r$ ,plates4 ,royal ,folio4 ,five ,gu9eas net4 ,,! ,,national ,,sports ,,( ,,great ,,brita94 ,) ,descriptions & #ea ,col\r$ ,plates by ,,h5ry ,,alk54 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]1 #cjs4 net4 ,?is book is completely diff]5t f ! l>ge folio edition ( #8,national ,sports' by ! same arti/1 & none ( ! plates are simil>4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,see also ,nimrod & ,egan4 ,all5 7,jessie74 ,,dur]4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,books on ,art4 ,all5 7,j4 ,romilly71 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,celtic ,,art4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations & ,plans4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,antiqu>y's ,books4 ,almack 7,e474 ,,bookplates4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,books on ,art4 ,amh]/ 7,lady74 ,a ,,sket* ,,( ,,egyptian ,,hi/ory ,,f ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,times ,,to ,,! ,,pres5t ,,day4 ,) _m ,illu/rations1 "s ( :i* are 9 ,col\r4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d net4 ,&]son 7,f4 ,m474 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,briti% ,,empire ,,= ,,*ildr54 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,&rewes 7,bi%op74 ,,preces ,,privatae4 ,edit$1 ) ,notes1 by ,f4 ,e4 ,,brightman1 ,m4,a41 ( ,pusey ,h\se1 ,ox=d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,ari/ophanes4 ,,! ,,frogs4 ,translat$ into ,engli% by ,e4 ,w4 ,,hunt+=d1 ,m4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,classics 9 ,tr9ity ,college1 ,toronto4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,ari/otle4 ,,! ,,nicoma*ean ,,e?ics4 ,edit$1 ) an ,introduction & ,notes1 by ,,john ,,burnet1 ,m4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,greek at ,/4 ,&rews4 ,demy #hvo4 #aes4 net4 ,a%ton 7,r474 ,,! ,,peeles ,,at ,,! ,,capital4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,! ,little ,blue ,books4 ,,mrs4 ,,b>b]ry',s ,,g5]al ,,%op4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,! ,little ,blue ,books4 ,asqui? 7,h4 ,h471 ,! ,"r ,hon41 ,m4,p4 ,,trade ,,& ,,! ,,empire4 ,an ,exam9ation ( ,mr4 ,*amb]la9's ,proposals4 ,demy #hvo4 #f;d4 net4 ,atk9s 7,h4 ,g474 ,,goe!4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d42 lea!r1 #ds4 net4 ,little ,biographies4 ,ne>ly ,ready4 ,atk9son 7,t4 ,d474 ,a ,,%ort ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engli% ,,ar*itecture4 ,) ov] #bjj ,illu/rations by ! ,au?or & o!rs4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,au/5 7,jane74 ,,pride ,,& ,,prejudice4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,v4 ,,lucas4 ,two ,volumes4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,ea* volume1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,,nor?ang] ,,abbey4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,v4 ,,lucas4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,bacon 7,francis74 ,,! ,,essays ,,(4 ,edit$ by ,,edw>d ,,wright4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,bad5-,p[ell 7,r4 ,s4 ,s471 ,major-,g5]al4 ,,! ,,d[nfall ,,( ,,prempeh4 ,a ,di>y ( ,life 9 ,a%anti1 #ahie4 ,) #ba ,illu/rations & a ,map4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,l>ge ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,,! ,,matabele ,,campaign1 #ahif4 ,) ne>ly #ajj ,illu/rations4 ,f\r? & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,l>ge ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,bak] 7,w4 ,g471 ,m4,a4 ,,junior ,,geography ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,junior ,exam4 ,s]ies4 ,bak] 7,julian ,l471 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s4 ,,! ,,brew+ ,,indu/ry4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,books on ,bus9ess4 ,balf\r 7,graham74 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,rob]t ,,l\is ,,/ev5son4 ,second ,edition4 ,two ,volumes4 ,demy #hvo4 #bes4 net4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,bally 7,s4 ,e474 ,a ,,fr5* ,,comm]cial ,,read]4 ,) ,vocabul>y4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,comm]cial ,s]ies4 ,,fr5* ,,comm]cial ,,correspond5ce4 ,) ,vocabul>y4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,comm]cial ,s]ies4 ,a ,,g]man ,,comm]cial ,,read]4 ,) ,vocabul>y4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,comm]cial ,s]ies4 ,,g]man ,,comm]cial ,,correspond5ce4 ,) ,vocabul>y4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,comm]cial ,s]ies4 ,banks 7,elizabe? ,l474 ,,! ,,autobiography ,,( ,a #8,,newspap] ,,girl4' ,) ,portrait ( ! ,au?or & h] ,dog4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,b>ham 7,r4 ,h474 ,,! ,,+oldsby ,,leg5ds4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,b4 ,,atlay4 ,two ,volumes4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,ea* volume1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,b>+-,g\ld 7,s474 ,au?or ( #8,mehalah1' etc4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,napoleon ,,bonap>te4 ,) ov] #dej ,illu/rations 9 ! ,text1 & #ab ,photogravure ,plates4 ,gilt top4 ,l>ge qu>to4 #cfs4 ,,! ,,trag$y ,,( ,,! ,c,,s>s4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations f ,bu/s1 ,gems1 ,cameos1 etc4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,royal #hvo4 #aes4 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,fairy ,,tales4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations & ,initial ,lett]s by ,,ar?ur ,j4 ,,gask94 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,buckram4 #fs4 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,brittany4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,uni=m 9 scope & size ) ,mr4 ,b>+-,g\ld's well-kn[n books on ,devon1 ,cornwall1 & ,d>tmoor4 ,,old ,,engli% ,,fairy ,,tales4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations by ,f4 ,d4 ,,b$=d4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr4 #hvo4 ,buckram4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,,! ,,vic> ,,( ,,morw5/[3 ,a ,biography1 a new & ,revis$ ,edition4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a completely new edition ( ! well-kn[n biography ( ,r4 ,s4 ,hawk]4 ,,d>tmoor3 a ,descriptive & ,hi/orical ,sket*4 ,) ,plans & num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,we/4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,two volumes4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,devon4 ,second ,edition4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,cornwall4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ea*4 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,nor? ,,wales4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,?is book is uni=m ) ,mr4 ,b>+-,g\ld's books on ,devon1 ,d>tmoor1 & ,brittany4 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,s\? ,,wales4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,gho/s4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 net4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,,brittany4 ,illu/rat$ by ,j4 ,a4 ,,wylie4 ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,,old ,,c\ntry ,,life4 ,) #fg ,illu/rations4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,l>ge ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,an ,,old ,,engli% ,,home4 ,) num]\s ,plans & ,illu/rations4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,york%ire ,,oddities ,,& ,,/range ,,ev5ts4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,/range ,,survivals ,,& ,,sup]/itions4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,a ,,g>l& ,,( ,,c\ntry ,,song3 ,engli% ,folk ,songs ) _! ,traditional ,melodies4 ,collect$ & arrang$ by ,s4 ,,b>+-,,g\ld & ,h4 ,f4 ,,%epp>d4 ,demy #dto4 #fs4 ,,songs ,,( ,,! ,,we/3 ,traditional ,ballads & ,songs ( ! ,we/ ( ,engl&1 ) _! ,melodies4 ,collect$ by ,s4 ,,b>+-,,g\ld1 ,m4,a41 & ,h4 ,f4 ,,%epp>d1 ,m4,a4 ,9 #d ,p>ts4 ,p>ts ,i41 ,,ii41 ,,iii41 #bs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,"p ,,iv41 #ds4 ,9 ,"o ,volume1 ,fr5* ,morocco1 #ajs4 net4 ,b>k] 7,aldr$ ,f471 ,au?or ( #8,patt]n ,analysis1' etc4 ,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,/udy ,,( ,,textile ,,design4 ,) num]\s ,diagrams & ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,b>nes 7,w4 ,e471 ,d4,d4 ,,isaiah4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes4 ,two ,vols4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 net ea*4 ,) ,map4 ,*ur*man's ,bible4 ,b>nett 7,mrs4 ,p4 ,a474 ,a ,,little ,,book ,,( ,,engli% ,,prose4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,b>on 7,r4 ,r4 ,n471 ,m4,a4 ,,fr5* ,,prose ,,composition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,key1 #cs4 net4 ,b>ron 7,h4 ,m471 ,m4,a41 ,wadham ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,,texts ,,= ,,s]mons4 ,) a ,preface by ,canon ,,scott ,,holl&4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,ba/able 7,c4 ,f471 ,m4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,economics at ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl94 ,,! ,,comm]ce ,,( ,,nations4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,batson 7,mrs4 ,/eph574 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,! ,,c\ntry ,,& ,,! ,,g>d54 ,illu/rat$ by ,f4 ,,c>ru!rs ,,g\ld & ,a4 ,c4 ,,g\ld4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,concise ,,h&book ,,( ,,g>d5 ,,fl[]s4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,beaman 7,a4 ,hulme74 ,,pons ,,as9orum2 ,,or1 ,a ,,guide ,,to ,,bridge4 ,second ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 ,be>d 7,w4 ,s474 ,,junior ,,ari?metic ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,second ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,) or )\t ,answ]s4 ,junior ,exam9ation ,s]ies4 ,,junior ,,g5]al ,,in=mation ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,junior ,exam9ation ,s]ies4 ,,easy ,,ex]cises ,,9 ,,ari?metic4 ,arrang$ by4 ,cr4 #hvo4 ,)\t ,answ]s1 #as4 ,) ,answ]s1 #as4 #c;d4 ,beck=d 7,pet]74 ,,?\ghts ,,on ,,hunt+4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,,o?o ,,paget1 & ,illu/rat$ by ,g4 ,h4 ,,jall&4 ,second & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,demy #hvo4 #fs4 ,beck=d 7,william74 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,caliph ,,va!k4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,,d5ison ,,ross4 ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,bee*+ 7,h4 ,c471 ,m4,a41 ,canon ( ,we/m9/]4 ,,lyra ,,sacra3 ,a ,book ( ,sacr$ ,v]se4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes4 ,pott #hvo4 ,cl41 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,behm5 7,jacob74 ,,! ,,sup]s5sual ,,life4 ,edit$ by ,,b]n>d ,,holl&4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,belloc 7,hilaire74 ,,p>is4 ,) ,maps & ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,bellot 7,h4 ,h4 ,l471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,inn] ,,& ,,middle ,,temple4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 net4 ,see also ,l4 ,a4 ,a4 ,jones4 ,b5nett 7,w4 ,h471 ,m4,a4 ,a ,,prim] ,,( ,,! ,,bible4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,b5nett 7,w4 ,h47 & ,ad5ey 7,w4 ,f474 ,a ,,biblical ,,introduction4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,b5son 7,ar*bi%op74 ,,god',s ,,bo>d3 ,communion ,addresses4 ,) ,introductory ,note by ,mrs4 ,b5son4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,b5son 7,a4 ,c471 ,m4,a4 ,,t5nyson4 ,) #h ,illu/rations4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d42 ,lea!r1 #ds4 net4 ,little ,biographies4 ,b5son 7,r4 ,m474 ,,! ,,way ,,( ,,hol9ess3 a ,devotional ,comm5t>y on ! #aai? ,psalm4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,b]n>d 7,e4 ,r471 ,m4,a41 ,canon ( ,salisbury4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,sunday4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,b]t\*e 7,b>oness de74 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,fa!r ,,ignatius4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,be?une-,bak] 7,j4 ,f471 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,pembroke ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,e>ly ,,*ri/ian ,,doctr9e4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,h&books ( ,!ology4 ,bidez 7,m474 ,see ,p>m5ti]4 ,biggs 7,c4 ,r4 ,d471 ,d4,d4 ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,philippians4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 net4 ,*ur*man's ,bible4 ,b9dley 7,t4 ,h]b]t71 ,b4,d4 ,,! ,,oecum5ical ,,docum5ts ,,( ,,! ,,fai?4 ,) ,introductions & ,notes4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a hi/orical acc\nt ( ! ,cre$s4 ,b9yon 7,laur5ce74 ,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,adam1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,poems4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,blair 7,rob]t74 ,,! ,,grave3 a ,poem4 ,illu/rat$ by #ab ,et*+s execut$ by ,,l\is ,,s*iavonetti1 f ! orig9al inv5tions ( ,,william ,,blake4 ,) an ,engrav$ ,title ,page & a ,portrait ( ,blake by ,t4 ,,phillips1 ,r4,a4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap] ) ,india ,pro(s & a duplicate set ( plates4 #aes4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,blake 7,william74 ,,illu/rations ,,( ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,job4 ,inv5t$ & ,engrav$ by4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap] ) ,india pro(s & a duplicate set ( plates4 #aes4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,,selections4 ,edit$ by ,m4 ,,p]ug9i4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,blaxl& 7,b471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,song ,,( ,,songs4 ,be+ ,selections f ,,/4 ,,b]n>d4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,bloom 7,t4 ,h>vey71 ,m4,a4 ,,%akespe>e',s ,,g>d54 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,bo>dman 7,j4 ,h474 ,see ,w4 ,fr5*4 ,bodley 7,j4 ,e4 ,c74 ,au?or ( #8,france4' ,,! ,,coronation ,,( ,,edw>d ,,vii4 ,demy #hvo4 #bas4 net4 ,by ,comm& ( ! ,k+4 ,body 7,george71 ,d4,d4 ,,! ,,s\l',s ,,pilgrimage3 ,devotional ,read+s f 8 publi%$ & unpubli%$ writ+s4 ,select$ & arrang$ by ,j4 ,h4 ,,burn1 ,b4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4,e4 ,pott #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,bona 7,c>d9al74 ,a ,,guide ,,to ,,et]nity4 ,edit$ ) an ,introduction & ,notes1 by ,j4 ,w4 ,,/anbridge1 ,b4,d4 ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,borr[ 7,george74 ,,lav5gro4 ,edit$ by ,f4 ,,h9des ,,groome4 ,two ,volumes4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,ea* volume1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,romany ,,rye4 ,edit$ by ,,john ,,sampson4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,bos 7,j4 ,ritzema74 ,,agricultural ,,zoology4 ,translat$ by ,j4 ,r4 ,,a9swor? ,,davis1 ,m4,a4 ,) an ,introduction by ,,eleanor ,a4 ,,orm]od1 ,f4,e4,s4 ,) #aee ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,?ird ,edition4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,bott+ 7,c4 ,g471 ,b4,a4 ,,junior ,,lat9 ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,second ,ed4 #as4 ,junior ,exam9ation ,s]ies4 ,,easy ,,greek ,,ex]cises4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #bs4 ,b\lton 7,e4 ,s474 ,,geometry ,,on ,,mod]n ,,l9es4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,b[d5 7,e4 ,m474 ,,! ,,imitation ,,( ,,buddha3 ,be+ ,quotations f ,buddhi/ ,lit]ature = ea* ,day 9 ! ,ye>4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,b[mak] 7,e474 ,,! ,,h\s+ ,,( ,,! ,,work+ ,,classes4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,boyle 7,w474 ,,*ri/mas ,,at ,,! ,,zoo4 ,) ,v]ses by ,w4 ,,boyle & #bd ,col\r$ ,pictures by ,h4 ,b4 ,,neilson4 ,pott #dto4 #bs4 ,brabant 7,f4 ,g471 ,m4,a4 ,,sussex4 ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,,new4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,lakes4 ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,,new4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #ds42 lea!r1 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,brodrick 7,m>y7 & ,morton 7,&]son74 ,a ,,concise ,,h&book ,,( ,,egyptian ,,ar*,,ology4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,brooke 7,a4 ,s471 ,m4,a4 ,,sl+sby ,,& ,,sl+sby ,,ca/le4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,brooks 7,e4 ,w474 ,see ,f4 ,j4 ,hamilton4 ,br[n 7,p4 ,h471 ,fras] ,pr(essor ( ,anci5t 7,scotti%7 ,hi/ory at ! ,univ]sity ( ,ed9burgh4 ,,scotl& ,,9 ,,! ,,"t ,,( ,,que5 ,,m>y4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,br[nell 7,c4 ,l474 ,,! ,,he>t ,,( ,,japan4 ,illu/rat$4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,br[n+ 7,rob]t74 ,,selections ,,f ,,! ,,e>ly ,,poems ,,(4 ,) ,introduction & ,notes by ,w4 ,,hall ,,griff94 ,small ,pott #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 net42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,buckl& 7,francis ,t474 ,,curiosities ,,( ,,natural ,,hi/ory4 ,) ,illu/rations by ,,h>ry ,b4 ,,neilson4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,buckton 7,a4 ,m474 ,,! ,,burd5 ,,( ,,engela3 a ,ballad-,epic4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,eag] ,,he>t3 ,a ,my/]y ,play4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 net4 ,budge 7,e4 ,a4 ,wallis74 ,,! ,,gods ,,( ,,! ,,egyptians4 ,) ov] #ajj ,col\r$ ,plates & _m ,illu/rations4 ,two ,volumes4 ,royal #hvo4 #c1 #cs4 net4 ,bull 7,paul71 ,army ,*apla94 ,,god ,,& ,,our ,,soldi]s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,bulley 7,miss74 ,see ,lady ,dilke4 ,bunyan 7,john74 ,,! ,,pilgrim',s ,,progress4 ,edit$1 ) an ,introduction1 by ,c4 ,h4 ,,fir?1 ,m4,a4 ,) #ci ,illu/rations by ,r4 ,,ann+ ,,bell4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,grace ,,ab\nd+4 ,edit$ by ,c4 ,s4 ,,fre]1 ,m4,a4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,bur* 7,g4 ,j471 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,electrical ,,sci5ce4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,burgess 7,gelett74 ,,goops ,,& ,,h[ ,,to ,,be ,,!m4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,small #dto4 #fs4 ,burn 7,a4 ,e471 ,d4,d41 ,preb5d>y ( ,li*field4 ,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,cre$s4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,h&books ( ,!ology4 ,burn 7,j4 ,h471 ,b4,d41 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,consolation ,,f ,,! ,,sa9ts ,,& ,,fa!rs4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,burn 7,j4 ,h471 ,b4,d4 ,a ,,day ,,book ,,f ,,! ,,sa9ts ,,& ,,fa!rs4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,burn& 7,sir ,f4 ,c474 ,,records ,,& ,,rem9isc5ces1 ,,p]sonal ,,& ,,g5]al4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 ,two ,volumes4 ,?ird ,edition4 #bes4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,burns 7,rob]t71 ,,! ,,poems ,,(4 ,edit$ by ,,&rew ,,lang & ,w4 ,a4 ,,craigie4 ,) ,portrait4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,demy #hvo1 gilt top4 #fs4 ,burnside 7,w4 ,f471 ,m4,a4 ,,old ,,te/am5t ,,hi/ory ,,= ,,use ,,9 ,,s*ools4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,burton 7,alfr$74 ,,! ,,milit>y ,,adv5tures ,,( ,,johnny ,,newcome4 ,) #ae ,col\r$ ,plates by ,t4 ,,r[l&son4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,adv5tures ,,( ,,johnny ,,newcome ,,9 ,,! ,,navy4 ,) #af ,col\r$ ,plates by ,t4 ,,r[l&son4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,illus4 ,pocket ,libr>y ,caldecott 7,alfr$71 ,d4,d4 ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,religion ,,9 ,,engl& ,,& ,,am]ica4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,h&books ( ,!ology4 ,cald]wood 7,d4 ,s471 ,headma/] ( ! ,normal ,s*ool1 ,ed9burgh4 ,,te/ ,,c>ds ,,9 ,,euclid ,,& ,,algebra4 ,9 ?ree packets ( #dj1 ) ,answ]s1 #as4 ea*4 ,or 9 ?ree ,books1 price #b;d41 #b;d41 & #c;d4 ,cambridge 7,ada7 ,mrs4 ,cross4 ,,?irty ,,ye>s ,,9 ,,au/ralia4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,cann+ 7,george74 ,,selections ,,f ,,! ,,anti-,,jacob92 ) additional ,poems4 ,edit$ by ,,lloyd ,,s&]s4 ,small ,pott #hvo1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,capey 7,e4 ,f4 ,h474 ,,erasmus4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #ds4 net4 ,little ,biographies4 ,c>lyle 7,?omas74 ,,! ,,fr5* ,,revolution4 ,edit$ by ,c4 ,r4 ,l4 ,,flet*]1 ,fell[ ( ,magdal5 ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,?ree ,volumes4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ahs4 ,,! ,,life ,,& ,,lett]s ,,( ,,oliv] ,,cromwell4 ,) an ,introduction by ,c4 ,h4 ,,fir?1 ,m4,a41 & ,notes & ,app5dices by ,mrs4 ,s4 ,c4 ,,lomas4 ,?ree ,volumes4 ,demy #hvo4 #ahs4 net4 ,c>lyle 7,r4 ,m4 & ,a4 ,j471 ,m4,a4 ,,bi%op ,,latim]4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,*amb]l9 7,wilbur ,b474 ,,ord]$ ,,to ,,*9a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,*ann] 7,c4 ,c47 & ,rob]ts 7,m4 ,e474 ,,lace-,,mak+ ,,9 ,,! ,,midl&s1 ,,pa/ ,,& ,,pres5t4 ,) #af full page ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,*e/]field 7,"l71 ,,! ,,lett]s ,,(1 ,,to ,,8 ,,son4 ,edit$1 ) an ,introduction1 by ,c4 ,,/ra*ey1 & ,notes by ,a4 ,,cal?rop4 ,two ,volumes4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #abs4 ,*ri/ian 7,f4 ,w474 ,,! ,,c>ol9e ,,isl&s4 ,) _m ,illu/rations & ,maps4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,cic]o4 ,,de ,,oratore ,i4 ,translat$ by ,e4 ,n4 ,p4 ,,moor1 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,classical ,translations4 ,,select ,,orations 7,pro ,milone1 ,pro ,mur5a1 ,philippic ,,ii41 ,9 ,catil9am74 ,translat$ by ,h4 ,e4 ,d4 ,,blaki/on1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ & ,tutor ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,classical ,translations4 ,,de ,,natura ,,decorum4 ,translat$ by ,f4 ,,brooks1 ,m4,a41 late ,s*ol> ( ,balliol ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,classical ,translations4 ,,de ,,(ficiis4 ,translat$ by ,g4 ,b4 ,,g>d9]1 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,classical ,translations4 ,cl>ke 7,f4 ,a471 ,m4,a4 ,,bi%op ,,k54 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,clea!r 7,a4 ,l47 & ,crump 7,b474 ,,ri*>d ,,wagn]',s ,,music ,,dramas3 ,int]pretations1 embody+ ,wagn]'s own explanations4 ,9 ,f\r ,volumes ,fcap #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,,vol4 ,i4--,,! ,,r+ ,,( ,,! ,,nibelung4 ,,vol4 ,,ii4--,,p>sifal1 etc4 ,cl9* 7,g474 ,,k5t4 ,illu/rat$ by ,f4 ,d4 ,,b$=d4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,,! ,,isle ,,( ,,wight4 ,illu/rat$ by ,f4 ,d4 ,,b$=d4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,cl\gh 7,w4 ,t47 & ,dun/an 7,a4 ,e474 ,,elem5t>y ,,exp]im5tal ,,sci5ce4 ,,physics by ,w4 ,t4 ,,cl\gh1 ,a4,r4,c4,s4 ,,*emi/ry by ,a4 ,e4 ,,dun/an1 ,b4,,sc4 ,) #b ,plates & #aed ,diagrams4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,junior ,s*ool ,books4 ,coa/ 7,w4 ,g71 ,b4,a4 ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s ,,9 ,,v]gil ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,cobb 7,t474 ,,! ,,ca/aways ,,( ,,mead[bank4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,little ,blue ,books4 ,,! ,,treasury ,,( ,,pr9cegate ,,priory4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,little ,blue ,books4 ,,! ,,lo/ ,,ball4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,little ,blue ,books4 ,coll+wood 7,w4 ,g471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,john ,,rusk94 ,) ,portraits4 ,second & ,*eap ,edition4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,also a ,popl> ,edition4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,coll9s 7,w4 ,e471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,engli% ,,*ri/ianity4 ,) ,map4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,*ur*man's ,libr>y ,colonna4 ,,hyp]notoma*ia ,,poliphili ,,ubi ,,humana ,,omnia ,,non ,,nisi ,,somnium ,,esse ,,docet ,,atque ,,obit] ,,plurima ,,scitu ,,sane ,,quam ,,digna ,,commemorat4 ,an edition limit$ to #cej copies on h&made pap]4 ,folio4 ,?ree ,gu9eas net4 ,combe 7,william74 ,,! ,,t\r ,,( ,,dr4 ,,syntax ,,9 ,,se>* ,,( ,,! ,,picturesque4 ,) #cj ,col\r$ ,plates by ,t4 ,,r[l&son4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]1 #cjs4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,t\r ,,( ,,dr4 ,,syntax ,,9 ,,se>* ,,( ,,consolation4 ,) #bd ,col\r$ ,plates by ,t4 ,,r[l&son4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,?ird ,,t\r ,,( ,,dr4 ,,syntax ,,9 ,,se>* ,,( ,a ,,wife4 ,) #bd ,col\r$ ,plates by ,t4 ,,r[l&son4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,johnny ,,quae ,,g5us3 ,! ,little ,f\ndl+ ( ! late ,dr4 ,syntax4 ,) #bd ,col\r$ ,plates by ,,r[l&son4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,dance ,,( ,,dea?1 f ! ,designs ( ,,?omas ,,r[l&son1 ) ,metrical ,illu/rations by ! ,au?or ( #8,doctor ,syntax4' ,) #gd ,col\r$ ,plates4 ,two ,volumes4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #is4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,dance ,,( ,,life3 a ,poem4 ,illu/rat$ ) #bf ,col\r$ ,engrav+s by ,,?omas ,,r[l&son4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,cook 7,a4 ,m471 ,m4,a4 ,see ,e4 ,c4 ,m>*ant4 ,cooke-,taylor 7,r4 ,w474 ,,! ,,factory ,,sy/em4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,corelli 7,m>ie71 ,,! ,,pass+ ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,que53 ,a ,tribute to ! ,noble ,life ( ,victoria ,reg9a4 ,small #dto4 #as4 ,a ,,*ri/mas ,,greet+4 ,sm4 #dto4 #as4 ,corkran 7,alice74 ,,leighton4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,books on ,art4 ,cotes 7,rosem>y74 ,,dante',s ,,g>d54 ,) a ,frontispiece4 ,second ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 clo? #bs4 #f;d42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,bible ,,fl[]s4 ,) a ,frontispiece & ,plan4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,c[ley 7,abraham7 ,,! ,,essays ,,(4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,c4 ,,m9*94 ,small4 ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,cox 7,j4 ,*>les71 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,d]by%ire4 ,illu/rat$ by ,j4 ,c4 ,,wall4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,,hamp%ire4 ,illu/rat$ by ,m4 ,e4 ,,purs]4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs43 ,lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,cox 7,h>old71 ,b4,a4 ,,l& ,,nationalization4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,crabbe 7,george71 ,,selections ,,f ,,! ,,poems ,,(4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,c4 ,,deane4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,craigie 7,w4 ,a474 ,a ,,prim] ,,( ,,burns4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,craik 7,mrs474 ,,john ,,halifax1 ,,g5tleman4 ,edit$ by ,,annie ,,ma!son4 ,two ,volumes4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,ea* ,volume1 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,cra%aw 7,ri*>d71 ,,! ,,engli% ,,poems ,,(4 ,edit$ by ,,edw>d ,,hutton4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,craw=d 7,f4 ,g474 ,see ,m>y ,c4 ,danson4 ,cr\* 7,w474 ,,bryan ,,k+4 ,) a ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,cruik%ank 7,g47 ,,! ,,lov+ ,,ballad ,,( ,,"l ,,bateman4 ,) #aa ,plates4 ,cr[n #afmo4 #as4 #f;d4 net4 ,f ! edition publi%$ by ,c4 ,tilt1 #ahaa4 ,crump 7,b474 ,see ,a4 ,l4 ,clea!r4 ,cunliffe 7,f4 ,h4 ,e471 ,fell[ ( ,all ,s\ls' ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,bo] ,,w>4 ,) _m ,illu/rations1 ,plans1 & ,portraits4 ,9 #b vols4 ,vol4 ,i41 #aes4 ,cutts 7,e4 ,l471 ,d4,d4 ,,augu/9e ,,( ,,cant]bury4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,daniel 7,g4 ,w471 ,m4,a4 ,,bi%op ,,wilb]=ce4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,danson 7,m>y ,c47 & ,craw=d 7,f4 ,g474 ,,fa!rs ,,9 ,,! ,,fai?4 ,small #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,dante4 ,,la ,,comm$ia ,,di ,,dante4 ,! ,italian ,text edit$ by ,,paget ,,toynbee1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,litt4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,inf]no ,,( ,,dante4 ,translat$ by ,h4 ,f4 ,,c>y4 ,edit$ by ,,paget ,,toynbee1 ,m4 ,a41 ,d4,litt4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,purgatorio ,,( ,,dante4 ,translat$ by ,h4 ,f4 ,,c>y4 ,edit$ by ,,paget ,,toynbee1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,litt4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,p>adiso ,,( ,,dante4 ,translat$ by ,h4 ,f4 ,,c>y4 ,edit$ by ,,paget ,,toynbee1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,litt4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,see also ,paget ,toynbee4 ,d>ley 7,george71 ,,selections ,,f ,,! ,,poems ,,(4 ,edit$ by ,r4 ,a4 ,,/reatfeild4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,dav5port1 7,cyril74 ,,mezzot9ts4 ,) #dj ,plates 9 ,photogravure4 ,wide ,royal #hvo4 #bes4 net4 ,connoisseurs ,libr>y4 ,,jewell]y4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,books on ,art4 ,dawson 7,a4 ,j474 ,,morocco4 ,be+ a bundle ( jott+s1 notes1 impressions1 tales1 & tributes4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,deane 7,a4 ,c74 ,a ,,little ,,book ,,( ,,light ,,v]se4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,delbos 7,lon74 ,,! ,,metric ,,sy/em4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,demo/h5es2 ,,! ,,olyn?iacs ,,& ,,philippics4 ,translat$ ^u a new pr9ciple by ,,o?o ,,holl&4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,demo/h5es4 ,,aga9/ ,,conon ,,& ,,callicles4 ,edit$ ) ,notes & ,vocabul>y1 by ,f4 ,,d>w9 ,,swift1 ,m4,a4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 ,dick5s 7,*>les74 ,,! ,,pickwick ,,pap]s4 ,) ! #dc ,illu/rations by ,,seym\r & ,,phiz1 ! two ,buss ,plates & ! #cb ,contempor>y ,on:yn ,plates4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,?is is a p>ticul>ly int]e/+ volume1 conta9+1 z x does1 reproductions ( v r>e plates4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,dick9son 7,emily74 ,,poems4 ,fir/ ,s]ies4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,dick9son 7,g4 ,l471 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,k+'s ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,,! ,,greek ,,view ,,( ,,life4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,dickson 7,h4 ,n471 ,f4,r4,s4,e41 ,f4,r4,met4 ,soc4 ,,meteorology4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,dilke 7,lady71 ,bulley 7,miss71 & ,:itley 7,miss74 ,,wom5',s ,,"w4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,dillon 7,edw>d74 ,,porcela94 ,) _m ,plates 9 ,col\r & ,photogravure4 ,wide ,royal #hvo4 #bes4 net4 ,connoisseurs ,libr>y4 ,dit*field 7,p4 ,h471 ,m4,a41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,engli% ,,villages4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,our ,,engli% ,,t[ns4 ,) ,introduction by ,,augu/us ,,jessopp1 ,d4,d4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,old ,,engli% ,,cu/oms3 ,extant at ! ,pres5t ,"t4 ,an ,acc\nt ( ,local ,obs]vances1 ,fe/ival ,cu/oms1 & ,anci5t ,c]emonies yet ,surviv+ 9 ,great ,brita94 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,dixon 7,w4 ,m471 ,m4,a4 ,a ,,prim] ,,( ,,t5nyson4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,engli% ,,poetry ,,f ,,blake ,,to ,,br[n+4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,dole 7,n4 ,h474 ,,fam\s ,,compos]s4 ,) ,portraits4 ,two ,volumes4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 net4 ,d[d5 7,j471 ,d4,d41 ,"l ,bi%op ( ,ed9burgh4 ,,! ,,workman%ip ,,( ,,! ,,pray] ,,book3 ,its ,lit]>y & ,liturgical ,aspects4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,*ur*man's ,libr>y4 ,driv] 7,s4 ,r471 ,d4,d41 ,canon ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,hebrew 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d4 ,,s]mons ,,on ,,subjects ,,connect$ ,,) ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,g5esis4 ,) ,notes & ,introduction4 ,second ,edition4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,we/m9/] ,comm5t>ies4 ,duguid 7,*>les71 ,city ,editor ( ! ,morn+ ,po/1 au?or ( ! #8,/ory ( ! ,/ock ,ex*ange1' etc4 ,,! ,,/ock ,,ex*ange4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,books on ,bus9ess4 ,duncan 7,s4 ,j47 7,mrs4 ,,cotes71 ,au?or ( #8,a ,voyage ( ,consolation4' ,,on ,,! ,,o!r ,,side ,,( ,,! ,,lat*4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,dunn 7,j4 ,t471 ,d4,sc41 & ,mundella 7,v4 ,a474 ,,g5]al ,,elem5t>y ,,sci5ce4 ,) #aad ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,dun/an 7,a4 ,e471 ,b4,sc4 ,see ,w4 ,t4 ,,cl\gh4 ,durham 7,! ,e>l (74 ,a ,,report ,,on ,,canada4 ,) an ,introductory ,note4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,dutt 7,w4 ,a74 ,,norfolk4 ,illu/rat$ by ,b4 ,c4 ,,b\lt]4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,a ,,popul> ,,guide ,,to ,,norfolk4 ,m$ium #hvo4 #f;d4 net4 ,,suffolk4 ,illu/rat$ by ,j4 ,,wylie4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,,! ,,norfolk ,,broads4 ,) col\r$ & o!r ,illu/rations by ,,frank ,,s\?gate4 ,l>ge ,demy #hvo4 #bas4 net4 ,e>le 7,john71 ,bi%op ( ,salisbury4 ,,microcosmographie1 ,,or ,a ,,piece ,,( ,,! ,,_w ,,discov]$2 ,,9 ,,essayes ,,& ,,*>act]s4 ,po/ #afmo4 #bs4 net4 ,r>iora4 ,repr9t$ f ! ,six? ,edition publi%$ by ,rob]t ,allot 9 #afcc4 ,edw>ds 7,clem5t74 ,,railway ,,nationalization4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,edw>ds 7,w4 ,d\glas74 ,,comm]cial ,,law4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,comm]cial ,s]ies4 ,egan 7,pi]ce74 ,,life ,,9 ,,london1 ,,or ,,! ,,day ,,& ,,night ,,sc5es ,,( ,,j]ry ,,haw?orn1 ,,esq41 ,,& ,,8 ,,elegant ,,fri5d1 ,,cor9?ian ,,tom4 ,) #cf ,col\r$ ,plates by ,i4 ,r4 & ,g4 ,,cruik%ank4 ,) num]\s designs on wood4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,,real ,,life ,,9 ,,london1 ,,or ,,! ,,rambles ,,& ,,adv5tures ,,( ,,bob ,,tallyho1 ,,esq41 ,,& ,,8 ,,c\s91 ! ,hon4 ,,tom ,,da%all4 ,) #ca ,col\r$ ,plates by ,,alk5 & ,,r[l&son1 etc4 ,two ,volumes4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #is4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,an ,,actor4 ,) #bg ,col\r$ ,plates by ,,!odore ,,lane1 & sev]al designs on wood4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,eg]ton 7,h4 ,e471 ,m4,a4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,briti% ,,colonial ,,policy4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,ellaby 7,c4 ,g474 ,,rome4 ,illu/rat$ by ,b4 ,c4 ,,b\lt]4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,ell]ton 7,f4 ,g474 ,see ,s4 ,j4 ,/one4 ,ellwood 7,?omas71 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,life ,,(4 ,edit$ by ,c4 ,g4 ,,crump1 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,engel 7,e474 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engli% ,,lit]ature3 ,f its ,beg9n+ to ,t5nyson4 ,translat$ f ! ,g]man4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,fairbro!r 7,w4 ,h471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,t4 ,h4 ,,gre54 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,felissa2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,life ,,& ,,op9ions ,,( ,a ,,kitt5 ,,( ,,s5tim5t4 ,) #ab ,col\r$ ,plates4 ,po/ #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 7#e #c74 ,f ! edition publi%$ by ,j4 ,h>ris1 #ahaaahag84 ,f>r] 7,reg9ald71 ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,( ,,asia4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,f]ri] 7,susan74 ,,m>riage4 ,edit$ by ,miss ,,goodri*-,,fre] & ,"l ,,iddesleigh4 ,two ,volumes4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,ea* volume1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,inh]itance4 ,two ,volumes4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,ea* ,volume1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,f9n 7,s4 ,w471 ,m4,a4 ,,junior ,,algebra ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,) or ,)\t ,answ]s1 #as4 ,junior ,exam9ation ,s]ies4 ,fir? 7,c4 ,h471 ,m4,a4 ,,cromwell',s ,,army3 ,a ,hi/ory ( ! ,engli% ,soldi] dur+ ! ,civil ,w>s1 ! ,commonweal?1 & ! ,potectorate4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,fi%] 7,g4 ,w471 ,m4,a4 ,,annals ,,( ,,%rewsbury ,,s*ool4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,fitz,gerald 7,edw>d74 ,,! ,,rub',,aiy,t ,,( ,,om> ,,khayy,m4 ,f ! ,fir/ ,edition ( #ahei4 ,second ,edition4 ,lea!r1 #as4 net4 ,m9iature ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,rub',,aiy,t ,,( ,,om> ,,khayy,m4 ,pr9t$ f ! ,fif? & la/ ,edition4 ,) a ,comm5t>y by ,mrs4 ,,/eph5 ,,batson1 & a ,biography ( ,om> by ,e4 ,d4 ,,ross4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,euphranor3 a ,dialogue on ,y\?4 ,demy #cbmo4 ,lea!r1 #bs4 net4 ,m9iature ,libr>y4 ,,polonius3 or ,wise ,saws & ,mod]n ,in/ances4 ,demy #cbmo4 ,lea!r1 #bs4 net4 ,m9iature ,libr>y4 ,fitz,gerald 7,e4 ,a474 ,,! ,,highe/ ,,&es4 ,) #b ,maps1 #ea ,illu/rations1 #ac ( :i* are 9 ,photogravure1 & a ,panorama4 ,royal #hvo4 #cjs4 net4 ,fleck] 7,w4 ,h471 ,m4,a41 ,d4,c4,l41 ,headma/] ( ! ,dean ,close ,s*ool1 ,*elt5ham4 ,,! ,,/ud5ts' ,,pray] ,,book4 ,"p #a4 ,,morn+ ,,& ,,ev5+ ,,pray] ,,& ,,litany4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,flux 7,a4 ,w471 ,m4,a41 ,william ,d[ ,pr(essor ( ,political ,economy 9 ,m',gill ,univ]sity1 ,montreal3 sometime ,fell[ ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge1 & =m]ly ,/anley-,jevons ,pr(essor ( ,political ,economy 9 ! ,ow5s ,coll41 ,man*e/]4 ,,economic ,,pr9ciples4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,=tescue 7,mrs4 ,g474 ,,holbe94 ,) #cj ,illu/rations4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,books on ,art4 ,fras] 7,j4 ,f474 ,,r\nd ,,! ,,_w ,,on ,a ,,:eel4 ,) #ajj ,illu/rations4 ,?ird ,edition ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,fr5* 7,w471 ,m4,a41 ,pr9cipal ( ! ,/orey ,in/itute1 ,lanca/]4 ,,practical ,,*emi/ry4 ,"p ,i4 ,) num]\s ,diagrams4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,textbooks ( ,te*nology4 ,fr5* 7,w471 ,m4,a41 & ,bo>dman 7,t4 ,h471 ,m4,a4 ,,practical ,,*emi/ry4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,) num]\s ,diagrams4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,textbooks ( ,te*nology4 ,freud5rei* 7,ed4 von74 ,,dairy ,,bact]iology4 ,a ,%ort ,manual = ! ,use ( ,/ud5ts4 ,translat$ by ,j4 ,r4 ,,a9swor? ,,davis1 ,m4,a4 ,second ,edition4 ,revis$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,ful=d 7,h4 ,w471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,epi/le ,,( ,,/4 ,,james4 ,) ,notes & ,introduction4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 net4 ,*ur*man's ,bible4 ,c4 ,g41 & ,f4 ,c4 ,g4 ,,john ,,bull',s ,,adv5tures ,,9 ,,! ,,fiscal ,,wond]l&4 ,by ,,*>les ,,geake4 ,) #df ,illu/rations by ,f4 ,,c>ru!rs ,,g\ld4 ,second ,ed4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,gambado 7,ge(frey1 ,esq474 ,,an ,,academy ,,= ,,gr[n ,,horsem53 ,conta9+ ! complete/ ,in/ructions = ,walk+1 ,trott+1 ,cant]+1 ,gallop+1 ,/umbl+1 & ,tumbl+4 ,illu/rat$ ) #bg ,col\r$ ,plates1 & adorn$ ) a ,portrait ( ! ,au?or4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,gaskell 7,mrs474 ,,cran=d4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,v4 ,,lucas4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,gasquet1 ! ,"r ,rev4 ,abbot1 ,o4,s4,b4 ,,engli% ,,mona/ic ,,life4 ,) ,col\r$ & o!r ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,antiqu>y's ,books4 ,george 7,h4 ,b471 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,new ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,,battles ,,( ,,engli% ,,hi/ory4 ,) num]\s ,plans4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,,hi/orical ,,geography ,,( ,,! ,,briti% ,,empire4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d net4 ,gibb9s 7,h4 de ,b471 ,litt4,d41 ,m4,a4 ,,indu/ry ,,9 ,,engl&3 ,,hi/orical ,,outl9es4 ,) #e ,maps4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,companion ,,g]man ,,gramm>4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,indu/rial ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engl&4 ,t5? ,edition4 ,revis$4 ,) ,maps & ,plans4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,,! ,,economics ,,( ,,comm]ce4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,comm]cial ,s]ies4 ,,comm]cial ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,comm]cial ,s]ies4 ,,briti% ,,comm]ce ,,& ,,colonies ,,f ,,elizabe? ,,to ,,victoria4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,comm]cial ,s]ies4 ,,engli% ,,social ,,re=m]s4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,gibb9s 7,h4 de ,b471 ,litt4,d41 ,m4,a41 & ,hadfield 7,r4 ,a471 ( ! ,hecla ,works1 ,%effield4 ,a ,,%ort] ,,work+ ,,day4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,gibbon 7,edw>d74 ,,! ,,decl9e ,,& ,,fall ,,( ,,! ,,roman ,,empire4 ,a ,new ,edition1 edit$ ) ,notes1 ,app5dices1 & ,maps1 by ,j4 ,b4 ,,bury1 ,m4,a41 ,litt4,d41 ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,dubl94 ,9 ,sev5 ,volumes4 ,demy #hvo4 ,gilt top1 #hs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,also1 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ea*4 ,,memoirs ,,( ,,my ,,life ,,& ,,writ+s4 ,edit$1 ) an ,introduction & ,notes1 by ,g4 ,,birkbeck ,,hill1 ,,ll4,d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,gibson 7,e4 ,c4 ,s471 ,d4,d41 ,vic> ( ,le$s4 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,job4 ,) ,introduction & ,notes4 ,demy #hvo4 #fs4 ,we/m9/] ,comm5t>ies4 ,,! ,,xxxix4 ,,articles ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,engl&4 ,) an ,introduction4 ,f\r? ,edition 9 ,"o ,vol4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,h&books ( ,!ology4 ,,john ,,h[>d4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,fcap #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d42 lea!r1 #ds4 net4 ,little ,biographies4 ,gilb]t 7,a4 ,r474 ,see ,w4 ,wilb]=ce4 ,godfrey 7,elizabe?74 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,remembrance4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,godley 7,a4 ,d471 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,magdal5 ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,,lyra ,,frivola4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,v]ses ,,to ,,ord]4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,second ,,/r+s4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,a new volume ( humor\s v]se uni=m ) ,lyra ,frivola4 ,goldsmi? 7,oliv]74 ,,! ,,vic> ( ,,wakefield4 ,) #bd ,col\r$ ,plates by ,t4 ,,r[l&son4 ,royal #hvo4 ,"o ,gu9ea net4 ,repr9t$ f ! edition ( #ahag4 ,burl+ton ,libr>y4 ,also ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,also ,fcap4 #cbmo4 ,) #aj ,plates 9 ,photographure by ,,tony ,,johannot4 ,lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,g\dge 7,h4 ,l471 ,m4,a41 ,pr9cipal ( ,wells ,!ological ,college4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,cor9?ians4 ,) ,introduction & ,notes4 ,demy #hvo4 #fs4 ,we/m9/] ,comm5t>ies4 ,graham 7,p4 ,&]son74 ,,! ,,rural ,,exodus4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,grang] 7,f4 ,s471 ,m4,a41 ,litt4,d41 ,,psy*ology4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,,! ,,s\l ,,( ,a ,,*ri/ian4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,gray 7,e4 ,m',que574 ,,g]man ,,passages ,,= ,,unse5 ,,translation4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,gray 7,p4 ,l471 ,b4,sc41 =m]ly ,lectur] 9 ,physics 9 ,mason ,univ]sity ,college1 ,birm+ham4 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,magnetism ,,& ,,electricity3 an ,elem5t>y ,text-,book4 ,) #aha ,diagrams4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,gre5 7,g4 ,buckl&71 ,m4,a41 ,assi/ant ,ma/] at ,ed9burgh ,academy1 late ,fell[ ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,oxon4 ,,notes ,,on ,,greek ,,& ,,lat9 ,,syntax4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,gre5 7,e4 ,t471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,*ur*man's ,libr>y4 ,gre5idge 7,a4 ,h4 ,j471 ,m4,a4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,rome3 ,dur+ ! ,lat] ,republic & ! ,e>ly ,pr9cipate4 ,9 ,six ,volumes4 ,demy #hvo4 ,vol4 ,i4 7#acc-ajd ,b4,c474 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,gre5well 7,dora71 ,,! ,,poems ,,(4 ,f ! edition ( #ahdh4 ,lea!r1 #bs4 net4 ,m9iature ,libr>y4 ,gregory 7,r4 ,a474 ,,! ,,vault ,,( ,,heav54 ,a ,popul> ,introduction to ,a/ronomy4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,gregory 7,miss ,e4 ,c474 ,,heav5ly ,,wisdom4 ,selections f ! ,engli% ,my/ics4 ,pott #hvo4 ,clo? #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,ne>ly ,ready4 ,greville ,m9or4 ,a ,,mod]n ,,j\rnal4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,a4 ,,sp5d]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,gr9l+ 7,c4 ,h474 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ! ,,great ,,nor!rn ,,railway1 #ahde-ie4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,revis$1 ) an additional *apt]4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,grubb 7,h4 ,c74 ,,build]s' ,,quantities4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,textbooks ( ,te*nology4 ,gu9ey 7,l4 ,i474 ,,ri*>d ,,hurrell ,,fr\de4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,gwynn 7,m4 ,l474 ,a ,,bir?day ,,book4 ,royal #hvo4 #abs4 ,hackett 7,john71 ,b4,d4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,or?odox ,,*ur* ,,( ,,cyprus4 ,) ,maps & ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #aes4 net4 ,haddon 7,a4 ,c471 ,,sc4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,head-,,hunt]s1 ,,black1 ,,:ite1 ,,& ,,br[n4 ,) _m ,illu/rations & a ,map4 ,demy #hvo4 #aes4 ,hadfield 7,r4 ,a474 ,see ,h4 de ,b4 ,gibb9s4 ,hall 7,r4 ,n47 & ,neal 7,w4 ,g474 ,,! ,,anci5t ,,ru9s ,,( ,,rhodesia4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,second ,edition1 revis$4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,hall 7,r4 ,n474 ,,! ,,great ,,zimbabwe4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,royal #hvo4 #bas4 net4 ,hamilton 7,f4 ,j471 ,d4,d41 & ,brooks 7,e4 ,w474 ,,za*>iah ,,( ,,mityl5e4 ,translat$ into ,engli%4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,byzant9e ,texts4 ,hammond 7,j4 ,l474 ,,*>les ,,james ,,fox3 a ,biographical ,/udy4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,hannay 7,d474 ,a ,,%ort ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,royal ,,navy1 ,,f ,,e>ly ,,times ,,to ,,! ,,pres5t ,,day4 ,illu/rat$4 ,two ,volumes4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,vol4 ,i4 #abjj-afhh4 ,hannay 7,james ,o471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,_s ,,& ,,orig9 ,,( ,,*ri/ian ,,mona/icism4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,wisdom ,,( ,,! ,,des]t4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,h>e1 7,a4 ,t471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,con/ruction ,,( ,,l>ge ,,induction ,,coils4 ,) num]\s ,diagrams4 ,demy #hvo4 #fs4 ,h>rison 7,clif=d74 ,,read+ ,,& ,,read]s4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,haw?orne 7,na?aniel74 ,,! ,,sc>let ,,lett]4 ,edit$ by ,,p]cy ,,de>m]4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,,heal?1 ,,weal? ,,& ,,wisdom1 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 net4 ,hea? 7,dudley74 ,,m9iatures4 ,) _m ,plates 9 ,photogravure4 ,wide ,royal #hvo4 #bes4 net4 ,connoisseurs ,libr>y4 ,h$9 7,sv571 ,gold ,m$alli/ ( ! ,royal ,geographical ,society4 ,,?r\gh ,,asia4 ,) #cjj ,illu/rations f ,sket*es & ,photographs by ! ,au?or1 & ,maps4 ,two ,volumes4 ,royal #hvo4 #cfs4 net4 ,hello 7,erne/74 ,,/udies ,,9 ,,sa9t%ip4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,v4 ,m4 ,,craw=d4 ,fcap #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,h5d]son 7,b4 ,w471 ,fell[ ( ,exet] ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,,! ,,life ,,& ,,pr9cipate ,,( ,,! ,,emp]or ,,n]o4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,h5d]son 7,t4 ,f474 ,a ,,little ,,book ,,( ,,scotti% ,,v]se4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,,rob]t ,,burns4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d42 lea!r1 #ds4 net4 ,little ,biographies4 ,h5ley 7,w4 ,e474 ,,engli% ,,lyrics4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,gilt top4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,h5ley 7,w4 ,e47 & ,:ibley 7,c474 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,engli% ,,prose4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,buckram1 gilt top4 #fs4 ,h5son 7,h4 ,h471 ,b4,d41 ,canon ( ,we/m9/]4 ,,apo/olic ,,*ri/ianity3 ,z ,illu/rat$ by ! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul to ! ,cor9?ians4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,light ,,& ,,leav53 ,,hi/orical ,,& ,,social ,,s]mons4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,discipl9e ,,& ,,law4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,education ,,act--,,& ,,aft]4 ,an ,appeal address$ ) all possible respect to ! ,noncon=mi/s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 ,h]b]t 7,george74 ,,! ,,temple4 ,edit$1 ) an ,introduction & ,notes1 by ,e4 ,c4 ,s4 ,,gibson1 ,d4,d41 ,vic> ( ,le$s4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,h]b]t ( ,*]bury 7,"l71 ,,! ,,life ,,(4 ,writt5 by himself4 ,lea!r1 #bs4 net4 ,f ! edition pr9t$ at ,/rawb]ry ,hill 9 ! ye> #agfd4 ,m9iature ,libr>y4 ,hew9s 7,w4,a4,s471 ,b4,a4 ,,engli% ,,trade ,,& ,,f9ance 9 ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,heywood 7,w474 ,,palio ,,& ,,ponte3 a ,book ( ,tuscan ,games4 ,illu/rat$4 ,royal #hvo4 #bas4 net4 ,hilb]t 7,t474 ,,! ,,air ,,gun3 or1 ,h[ ! ,ma/]mans & ,dobson ,major ne>ly lo/ _! ,holidays4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,little ,blue ,books4 ,hill 7,cl>e71 ,regi/]$ ,tea*] to ! ,city & ,guilds ( ,london ,in/itute4 ,,mill9]y1 ,,!oretical1 ,,& ,,practical4 ,) num]\s ,diagrams4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #bs4 ,textbooks ( ,te*nology4 ,hill 7,h5ry71 ,b4,a41 ,headma/] ( ! ,boy's ,high ,s*ool1 ,worce/]1 ,cape ,colony4 ,a ,,s\? ,,african ,,ari?metic4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,?is book has be5 specially writt5 = use 9 ,s\? ,african s*ools4 ,hobh\se 7,emily74 ,,! ,,brunt ,,( ,,! ,,w>4 ,) ,map & ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,hobh\se 7,l4 ,t471 ,fell[ ( ,c4,c4,c41 ,ox=d4 ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,k4 ,demy #hvo4 #bas4 ,hobson 7,j4 ,a471 ,m4,a4 ,,problems ,,( ,,pov]ty3 ,an ,inquiry into ! ,indu/rial ,condition ( ! ,poor4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,! ,,unemploy$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,,int]national ,,trade3 ,a ,/udy ( ,economic ,pr9ciples4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,hodgk9 7,t471 ,d4,c4,l4 ,,george ,,fox1 ,,! ,,quak]4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,hogg 7,?omas ,jeff]son74 ,,%elley ,,at ,,ox=d4 ,) an ,introduction by ,r4 ,a4 ,,/reatfeild4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 net4 ,hold5-,/one 7,g4 de74 ,,! ,,automobile ,,indu/ry4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,books on ,bus9ess4 ,holdi* 7,sir ,t4 ,h471 ,k4,c4,i4,e4 ,,! ,,indian ,,bord]l&3 be+ a ,p]sonal ,record ( ,tw5ty ,ye>s4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #hvo4 #aes4 net4 ,holdswor? 7,w4 ,s471 ,m4,a4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engli% ,,law4 ,9 ,two ,volumes4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,holyoake 7,g4 ,j474 ,,! ,,co-,,op]ative ,,movem5t ,,to-,,day4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,hoppn]1 ,a ,,little ,,gall]y ,,(4 ,tw5ty examples 9 photogravure ( 8 f9e/ "w4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,gall]ies4 ,horace3 ,,! ,,odes ,,& ,,epodes4 ,translat$ by ,a4 ,d4 ,,godley1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,magdal5 ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,classical ,translations4 ,horsburgh 7,e4 ,l4 ,s471 ,m4,a4 ,,wat]loo3 ,a ,n>rative & ,criticism4 ,) ,plans4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,savon>ola4 ,) ,portraits & ,illu/rations4 ,second ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d42 lea!r1 #ds4 net4 ,little ,biographies4 ,horton 7,r4 ,f471 ,d4,d4 ,,john ,,h[e4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,hosie 7,alex&]74 ,,man*uria4 ,) ,illu/rations & a ,map4 ,second ,edition4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,h[ 7,f4 ,d474 ,,six ,,great ,,s*oolma/]s4 ,) ,portraits4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,h[ell 7,g474 ,,trade ,,unionism--,,new ,,& ,,old4 ,?ird ,edition1 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,hudson 7,rob]t74 ,,memorials ,,( ,a ,,w>wick%ire ,,village4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,hughes 7,c4 ,e474 ,,! ,,praise ,,( ,,%akespe>e4 ,an ,engli% ,an?ology4 ,) a ,preface by ,,sidney ,,lee4 ,demy #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,hughes 7,?omas74 ,,tom ,,br[n',s ,,s*ooldays4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes by ,,v]non ,,r5dall4 ,lea!r4 ,royal #cbmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,hut*9son 7,horace ,g474 ,,! ,,new ,,=e/4 ,describ$ by4 ,illu/rat$ 9 col\r ) #ej ,pictures by ,,walt] ,,tyndale & #d by ,miss ,,lucy ,,kemp ,,wel*4 ,l>ge ,demy #hvo4 #bas4 net4 ,hutton 7,a4 ,w471 ,m4,a4 ,,c>d9al ,,mann+4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,hutton 7,r4 ,h474 ,,c>d9al ,,newman4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,hutton 7,w4 ,h471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,sir ,,?omas ,,m4 ,) ,portraits4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,,william ,,laud4 ,) ,portrait4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,hyett 7,f4 ,a74 ,a ,,%ort ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,flor5ce4 ,demy #hvo41 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,hyp]otoma*ia ,,poliphili ,,ubi ,,humana ,,omnia ,,non ,,nisi ,,somnium ,,esse ,,docet ,,atque ,,obit] ,,plurima ,,scitu ,,sane ,,quam ,,digna ,,commemorat4 ,an edition limit$ to #cej copies on h&made pap]4 ,folio4 ,?ree ,gu9eas net4 ,ibs5 7,h5rik74 ,,br&4 ,a ,drama4 ,translat$ by ,,william ,,wilson4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,+e 7,w4 ,r471 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ & ,tutor ( ,h]t=d ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,,*ri/ian ,,my/icism4 ,! ,bampton ,lectures = #ahii4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,light1 ,,life1 ,,& ,,love3 ,a ,selection f ! ,g]man ,my/ics4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo? #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,innes 7,a4 ,d471 ,m4,a4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,briti% ,,9 ,,india4 ,) ,maps & ,plans4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,jackson 7,s471 ,m4,a4 ,a ,,prim] ,,( ,,bus9ess4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,comm]cial ,s]ies4 ,jackson 7,f4 ,hamilton74 ,,sicily4 ) _m ,illu/rations by ! ,au?or4 ,small1 ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs42 ,lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,jacob 7,f471 ,m4,a4 ,,junior ,,fr5* ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,junior ,exam9ation ,s]ies4 ,jeans 7,j4 ,/eph574 ,,tru/s1 ,,pools1 ,,& ,,corn]s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,jeffreys 7,d4 ,gwyn74 ,,dolly',s ,,!atricals4 ,describ$ & ,illu/rat$ ) #bd ,col\r$ ,pictures4 ,pott #dto4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,j5ks 7,e471 ,m4,a41 ,read] ( ,law 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d4 ,,engli% ,,local ,,gov]nm5t4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,jessopp 7,augu/us71 ,d4,d4 ,,john ,,donne4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,jevons 7,f4 ,b471 ,m4,a41 ,litt4 ,d41 ,pr9cipal ( ,hatfield ,hall1 ,durham4 ,,evolution4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,*ur*man's ,libr>y4 ,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,religion4 ,second ,edition4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,h&books ( ,!ology4 ,john/on 7,sir ,h4 ,h471 ,k4,c4,b4 ,,briti% ,,c5tral ,,africa4 ,) ne>ly #bjj ,illu/rations & ,six ,maps4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #dto4 #ahs4 net4 ,jones 7,h474 ,a ,,guide ,,to ,,pr(essions ,,& ,,bus9ess4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,comm]cial ,s]ies4 ,jones 7,l4 ,a4 ,a!rley71 ,k4,c41 ,m4,p41 & ,bellot 7,hugh ,h4 ,l474 ,,! ,,m9]s' ,,guide ,,to ,,! ,,coal ,,m9es' ,,regulation ,,acts4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,ne>ly ,ready4 ,julian 7,lady7 ( ,norwi*4 ,,revelations ,,( ,,div9e ,,love4 ,edit$ by ,,grace ,,w>rack4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,juv5al1 ,,! ,,satires ,,(4 ,translat$ by ,s4 ,g4 ,,ow54 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,classical ,translations4 ,kaufmann 7,m474 ,,socialism ,,& ,,mod]n ,,?\ght4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,keat+ 7,j4 ,f471 ,d4,d4 ,,! ,,agape ,,& ,,! ,,eu*>i/4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,keats 7,john71 ,,! ,,poems ,,(4 ,) an ,introduction by ,l4 ,,b9yon1 & ,notes by ,j4 ,,masefield4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,keats4 ,,! ,,poems ,,(4 ,edit$ ) ,introduction & ,notes by ,e4 ,,de ,,sel9c\rt1 ,m4,a4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,keble 7,john74 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,ye>4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes by ,w4 ,,lock1 ,d4,d41 ,w>d5 ( ,keble ,college4 ,illu/rat$ by ,r4 ,,ann+ ,,bell4 ,second ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d2 padd$ morocco1 #es4 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,ye>4 ,) ,introduction & ,notes by ,,walt] ,,lock1 ,d4,d41 ,w>d5 ( ,keble ,college4 ,second ,edition4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,,lyra ,,innoc5tium4 ,edit$1 ) ,introduction & ,notes1 by ,,walt] ,,lock1 ,d4,d41 ,w>d5 ( ,keble ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,kempis 7,?omas 74 ,,! ,,imitation ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,) an ,introduction by ,,dean ,,f>r>4 ,illu/rat$ by ,c4 ,m4 ,,g]e4 ,second ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d42 padd$ morocco1 #es4 ,,! ,,imitation ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,a ,revis$ ,translation1 ) an ,introduction by ,c4 ,,bigg1 ,d4,d41 late ,/ud5t ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,a practically new translation ( ?is book :i* ! read] has1 almo/ = ! fir/ "t1 exactly 9 ! %ape 9 :i* x left ! h&s ( ! au?or4 ,,! ,,same ,,edition ,,9 ,,l>ge ,,type4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,k5n$y 7,james ,h\ghton71 ,d4,d41 ,assi/ant ,lectur] 9 ,div9ity 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,dubl94 ,,/4 ,,paul',s ,,second ,,& ,,?ird ,,epi/les ,,to ,,! ,,cor9?ians4 ,) ,introduction1 ,diss]tations & ,notes4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,ke/ell 7,j4 ,d474 ,,?r\gh ,,%ot ,,& ,,flame3 ,be+ ! ,adv5tures & ,exp]i5ces ( ,j4 ,d4 ,,ke/ell1 ,*apla9 to ,g5]al ,*ri/ian de ,wet4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,kimm9s 7,c4 ,w471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,life ,,& ,,heal?4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,k+lake 7,a4 ,w474 ,,eo!n4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,kipl+ 7,rudy>d74 ,,b>rack-,,room ,,ballads4 #gcrd ,?\s&4 ,cr4 #hvo4 ,tw5tie? ,edition4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,,! ,,sev5 ,,seas4 #fbnd ,?\s& ,n9? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo1 gilt top1 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,,! ,,five ,,nations4 #da/ ,?\s&4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,,dep>tm5tal ,,ditties4 ,sixte5? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,buckram4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,kn[l+ 7,r4 ,j471 ,m4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,new ,te/am5t ,exegesis at ,k+'s ,college1 ,london4 ,,! ,,epi/le ,,( ,s4 ,,james4 ,) ,introduction & ,notes4 ,demy #hvo4 #fs4 ,we/m9/] ,comm5t>ies4 ,lamb 7,*>les & ,m>y71 ,,! ,,works ,,(4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,v4 ,,lucas4 ,) ,num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,9 ,sev5 ,volumes4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,,! ,,essays ,,( ,,elia4 ,) ov] #ajj ,illu/rations by ,a4 ,,g>? ,,jones1 & an ,introduction by ,e4 ,v4 ,,lucas4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,elia1 ,,& ,,! ,,la/ ,,essays ,,( ,,elia4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,v4 ,,lucas4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,k+ ,,& ,,que5 ,,( ,,he>ts3 ,an #ahje ,book = ,*ildr54 ,illu/rat$ by ,,william ,,mulready4 ,a new edition1 9 facsimile1 edit$ by ,e4 ,v4 ,,lucas1 #as4 #f;d4 ,lamb]t 7,f4 ,a4 ,h474 ,,surrey4 ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,,new4 ,small ,pott #hvo1 clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,lambros 7,pr(essor74 ,,ec!sis ,,*ronica4 ,edit$ by4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,byzant9e ,texts4 ,lane-,poole 7,/anley74 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,egypt ,,9 ,,! ,,middle ,,ages4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,langbridge 7,f471 ,m4,a4 ,,ballads ,,( ,,! ,,brave3 ,poems ( ,*ivalry1 ,ent]prise1 ,c\rage1 & ,con/ancy4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,law 7,william74 ,a ,,s]i\s ,,call ,,to ,a ,,dev\t ,,& ,,holy ,,life4 ,edit$1 ) an ,introduction1 by ,c4 ,,bigg1 ,d4,d41 late ,/ud5t ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*4 ,small ,pott #hvo1 clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,?is is a repr9t1 ^w = ^w & l9e = l9e1 ( ! ,editio ,pr9ceps4 ,lea* 7,h5ry74 ,,! ,,duke ,,( ,,devon%ire4 ,a ,biography4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,lee 7,capta9 ,melville74 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,police ,,9 ,,engl&4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,leigh 7,p]cival74 ,,! ,,comic ,,engli% ,,gramm>4 ,embelli%$ ) upw>ds ( #ej *>act]i/ic ,illu/rations by ,,john ,,lee*4 ,po/ #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,lewes 7,v4 ,b471 ,m4,a4 ,,air ,,& ,,wat]4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,lisle 7,miss ,f4 de74 ,,burne-,,jones4 ,) #cj ,illu/rations4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,books on ,art4 ,littlehales 7,h474 ,see ,c4 ,wordswor?4 ,lock 7,walt]71 ,d4,d41 ,w>d5 ( ,keble ,college4 ,,/4 ,,paul1 ,,! ,,ma/]-,,build]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,john ,,keble4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,lock] 7,f474 ,,london ,,lyrics4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,d4 ,,godley1 ,m4,a4 ,small ,pott #hvo1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,longfell[1 ,,selections ,,f4 ,edit$ by ,,lilian ,m4 ,,fai?full4 ,small ,pott #hvo1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,lorim] 7,george ,horace74 ,,lett]s ,,f ,a ,,self-,,made ,,m]*ant ,,to ,,8 ,,son4 ,elev5? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,lov] 7,samuel74 ,,h&y ,,&y4 ,) #bd ,illu/rations by ! ,au?or4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,e4 ,v4 ,l4 & ,c4 ,l4 ,g4 ,,engl& ,,day ,,by ,,day3 ,or1 ,! ,engli%man's ,h&book to ,effici5cy4 ,illu/rat$ by ,,george ,,morr[4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,fcap4 #dto4 #as4 net4 ,a burlesque ,ye>-,book & ,almanac4 ,lucian4 ,,six ,,dialogues 7,nigr9us1 ,ic>o-,m5ippus1 ,! ,cock1 ,! ,%ip1 ,! ,p>asite1 ,! ,lov] ( ,falsehood74 ,translat$ by ,s4 ,t4 ,irw91 ,m4,a41 ,assi/ant ,ma/] at ,clifton2 late ,s*ol> ( ,exet] ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,classical ,translations4 ,lyde 7,l4 ,w471 ,m4,a4 ,a ,,comm]cial ,,geography ,,( ,,! ,,briti% ,,empire4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,comm]cial ,s]ies4 ,lydon 7,noel ,s474 ,a ,,junior ,,geometry4 ,) num]\s diagrams4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,junior ,s*ool ,books4 ,lyttelton 7,hon4 ,mrs4 ,a474 ,,wom5 ,,& ,,_! ,,"w4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,m4 ,m4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,dress ,,& ,,:at ,,to ,,we>4 ,cr[n #hvo1 #as4 net4 ,macaulay 7,"l74 ,,critical ,,& ,,hi/orical ,,essays4 ,edit$ by ,f4 ,c4 ,,montague1 ,m4,a4 ,?ree ,volumes4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #ahs4 ,! only edition ( ?is book completely annotat$4 ,m',all5 7,j4 ,e4 ,b471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,bookkeep+ ,,by ,,d\ble ,,entry4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,comm]cial ,s]ies4 ,mac,culloch 7,j4 ,a474 ,,comp>ative ,,!ology4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,*ur*man's ,libr>y4 ,mac,cunn 7,f474 ,,john ,,knox4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,mc,dermott1 7,e4 ,r471 ,editor ( ! ,railway ,news1 ,city ,editor ( ! ,daily ,news4 ,,railways4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,books on ,bus9ess4 ,m',d[all 7,a4 ,s474 ,,*a?am4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d42 lea!r1 #ds4 net4 ,little ,biographies4 ,mackay 7,a4 ,m474 ,,! ,,*ur*man',s ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,*ur*man's ,libr>y4 ,magnus 7,laurie71 ,m4,a4 ,a ,,prim] ,,( ,,wordswor?4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,mahaffy 7,j4 ,p471 ,litt4,d4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,egypt ,,( ,,! ,,ptolemies4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,maitl& 7,f4 ,w474 ,,ll4,d41 ,d[n+ ,pr(essor ( ! ,laws ( ,engl& 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge4 ,,canon ,,law ,,9 ,,engl&4 ,royal #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,mald5 7,h4 ,e471 ,m4,a4 ,,engli% ,,records4 ,a ,companion to ! ,hi/ory ( ,engl&4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,citiz53 ,,8 ,,rights ,,& ,,duties4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,m>*ant 7,e4 ,c471 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,pet]h\se1 ,cambridge4 ,a ,,greek ,,an?ology4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,m>*ant 7,e4 ,c471 ,m4,a41 & ,cook 7,a4 ,m471 ,m4,a4 ,,passages ,,= ,,unse5 ,,translation4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,m>r 7,j4 ,e471 ,f4,r4,s41 ,fell[ ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,,! ,,sci5tific ,,/udy ,,( ,,sc5]y4 ,second ,edition4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,agricultural ,,geology4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,m>vell 7,&rew74 ,,! ,,poems ,,(4 ,edit$ by ,,edw>d ,,wright4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,maskell 7,a474 ,,ivories4 ,) _m plates 9 ,collotype & ,photogravure4 ,wide ,royal #hvo4 #bes4 net4 ,connoisseurs ,libr>y4 ,mason 7,a4 ,j471 ,d4,d4 ,,?omas ,,cranm] ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,massee 7,george74 ,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,,plant ,,life3 ,l[] ,=ms4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,ma/]man 7,c4 ,f4 ,g471 ,m4,a4 ,,t5nyson ,,z ,a ,,religi\s ,,tea*]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,may 7,phil74 ,,! ,,phil ,,may ,,album4 ,second ,edition4 #dto4 #as4 net4 ,mell[s 7,emma ,s474 ,a ,,%ort ,,/ory ,,( ,,engli% ,,lit]ature4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,mi*ell 7,e4 ,b74 ,,! ,,art ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,hawk+4 ,) #c ,photogravures by ,g4 ,e4 ,,lodge1 & o!r ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,millais 7,j4 ,g474 ,,! ,,life ,,& ,,lett]s ,,( ,,sir ,,john ,,ev]ett ,,millais ,presid5t ( ! ,royal ,academy4 ,) #cai ,illu/rations1 ( :i* #i are 9 ,photogravure4 #b vols4 ,royal #hvo4 #bjs4 net4 ,millais4 ,a ,,little ,,gall]y ,,(4 ,tw5ty examples 9 ,photogravure ( 8 f9e/ "w4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,gall]ies4 ,millis 7,c4 ,t471 ,m4,i4,m4,e41 ,pr9cipal ( ! ,bor\gh ,polyte*nic ,college4 ,,te*nical ,,ari?metic ,,& ,,geometry4 ,) ,diagrams4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,textbooks ( ,te*nology4 ,milne 7,j4 ,g471 ,m4,a4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,roman ,,egypt4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,milton1 ,john1 ,,! ,,poems ,,(1 ,,bo? ,,engli% ,,& ,,lat91 ,compos'd at sev]al times4 ,pr9t$ by 8 true ,copies4 ,! ,songs 7 set 9 ,musick by ,mr4 ,,h5ry ,,lawes1 ,g5tleman ( ! ,k+s ,*appel1 & "o ( ,8 ,maje/ies ,private ,musick4 ,pr9t$ & publi%'d accord+ to ,ord]4 ,pr9t$ by ,,ru? ,,rawor? = ,,humphrey ,,moseley1 & are to be sold at ! signe ( ! ,pr9ces ,armes 9 ,pauls ,*ur*y>d1 #afde4 ,,! ,,m9or ,,poems ,,( ,,john ,,milton4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,c4 ,,bee*+1 ,m4,a41 ,canon ( ,we/m9/]4 ,small ,pott #hvo1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,m9*9 7,h4 ,c471 ,m4,a4 ,a ,,little ,,gall]y ,,( ,,engli% ,,poets4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,gall]ies4 ,mit*ell 7,p4 ,*alm]s71 ,m4,a4 ,,outl9es ,,( ,,biology4 ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a text-book design$ to cov] ! ,s*$ule issu$ by ! ,royal ,college ( ,physicians & ,surgeons4 #8,moil 7,a74' ,,m9+ ,,& ,,m9+ ,,inve/m5ts4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,books on ,bus9ess4 ,moir 7,d4 ,m474 ,,mansie ,,wau*4 ,edit$ by ,t4 ,f4 ,,h5d]son4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,moore 7,h4 ,e474 ,,back ,,to ,,! ,,l&3 ,an ,inquiry into ! cure = ,rural ,depopulation4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,morfill 7,w4 ,r471 ,oriel ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,russia ,,f ,,pet] ,,! ,,great ,,to ,,alex&] ,,ii4 ,) ,maps & ,plans4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,mori* 7,r4 ,j471 late ( ,clifton ,college4 ,,g]man ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s ,,9 ,,miscellane\s ,,gramm> ,,& ,,idioms4 ,six? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,s*ool ,exam9ation ,s]ies4 ,a ,,key1 issu$ to ,tutors & ,private ,/ud5ts only1 to be _h on application to ! ,publi%]s4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 net4 ,morris 7,j4 ,e474 ,,! ,,nor? ,,rid+ ,,( ,,york%ire4 ,illu/rat$ by ,r4 ,j4 ,s4 ,,b]tram1 ,small ,pott #hvo4 clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,morton 7,miss ,&]son74 ,see ,miss ,brodrick4 ,m\le 7,h4 ,c4 ,g471 ,d4,d41 ,"l ,bi%op ( ,durham4 ,,*>les ,,simeon4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,muir 7,m4 ,m4 ,pattison71 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,fire4 ,! ,elem5t>y ,pr9ciples ( ,*emi/ry4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,mundella 7,v4 ,a471 ,m4,a4 ,see ,j4 ,t4 ,dunn4 ,naval ,(fic] 7,a74 ,,! ,,adv5tures ,,( ,a ,,po/ ,,capta94 ,) #bd col\r$ plates by ,mr4 ,,williams4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,neal 7,w4 ,g474 ,see ,r4 ,n4 ,hall4 ,newman 7,j4 ,h47 & o!rs4 ,,lyra ,,apo/olica4 ,) an ,introduction by ,,canon ,,scott ,,holl&1 & ,notes by ,,canon ,,bee*+1 ,m4,a4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,ni*ols 7,j4 ,b4 ,b474 ,a ,,little ,,book ,,( ,,engli% ,,sonnets4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,nickl9 7,t471 ,m4,a4 ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s ,,9 ,,?ucydides4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,nimrod4 ,,! ,,life ,,& ,,dea? ,,( ,,john ,,mytton1 ,,esq4 ,) #ah ,col\r$ ,plates by ,,h5ry ,,alk5 & ,t4 ,j4 ,,rawl9s4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,a ,,sportsman4 ,) #ce ,col\r$ ,plates by ,,h5ry ,,alk54 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,norway 7,a4 ,h471 ,au?or ( #8,highways & ,byways 9 ,devon & ,cornwall4' ,,naples3 ,,pa/ ,,& ,,pres5t4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,novalis4 ,,! ,,disciples at ,,sa,s ,,& ,,o!r ,,fragm5ts4 ,edit$ by ,miss ,,una ,,bir*4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,oliphant 7,mrs474 ,,?omas ,,*alm]s4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,oman 7,c4 ,w471 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,all ,s\ls'1 ,ox=d4 ,a ,,hi/ory ( ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,w>4 ,vol4 ,,ii43 ,! ,middle ,ages1 f ! ,f\r? to ! ,f\rte5? ,c5tury4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #hvo4 #bas4 ,ottley 7,r4 ,l471 ,d4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,pa/oral ,!ology at ,ox=d & ,canon ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*4 ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,! ,,inc>nation4 ,second & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,h&books ( ,!ology4 ,,lancelot ,,&rewes4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,ov]ton 7,j4 ,h471 ,m4,a4 ,,john ,,wesley4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,ow5 7,d\glas71 ,b>ri/]-at-,law1 ,secret>y to ! ,alliance ,m>9e & ,g5]al ,assurance ,company4 ,,ports ,,& ,,docks4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,books on ,bus9ess4 ,ox=d 7,m4 ,n471 ( ,guy's ,hospital4 ,a ,,h&book ,,( ,,nurs+4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,pakes 7,w4 ,c4 ,c74 ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,hygi5e4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #aes4 ,p>k9son 7,john74 ,,p>adisi ,,9 ,,sole ,,p>adisus ,,t]ri/ris1 ,,or ,a ,,g>d5 ,,( ,,all ,,sorts ,,( ,,pleasant ,,fl[]s4 ,folio4 #b1 #bs4 net4 ,also an ,edition ( #bj copies on ,japanese vellum4 ,t5 ,gu9eas net4 ,p>m5t] 7,john74 ,,helio-,,tropes1 ,,or ,,new ,,posies ,,= ,,sundials1 #afbe4 ,edit$ by ,,p]cival ,,l&on4 ,qu>to4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,p>m5ti] 7,pr(4 ,lon7 & ,bidez 7,m474 ,,evagrius4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,byzant9e ,texts4 ,pascal1 ,,! ,,?\ghts ,,(4 ,) ,introduction & ,notes by ,c4 ,s4 ,,j]ram4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,pa/on 7,george74 ,,au?ors ,,& ,,arti/s ,,( ,,engli% ,,col\r$ ,,books4 ,illu/rat$4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,romney4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,books on ,art4 ,patt]son 7,a4 ,h474 ,,notes ,,( ,,an ,,ea/ ,,coa/ ,,naturali/4 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,col\r by ,f4 ,,s\?gate4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,peacock 7,miss74 ,,millet4 ,) #cj ,illu/rations4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,pe>ce 7,e4 ,h471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,annals ,,( ,,*ri/',s ,,hospital4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,pe>y 7,r4 ,e471 ,gold ,m$alli/ ( ! ,royal ,geographical ,society4 ,,nor?w>d ,,ov] ,,! ,,great ,,ice4 ,) ov] #hjj ,illu/rations4 #b vols4 ,royal #hvo4 #cbs4 net4 ,peel 7,sidney71 late ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,ox=d1 & ,secret>y to ! ,royal ,commission on ! ,lic5s+ ,laws4 ,,practical ,,lic5s+ ,,re=m4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,pet]s 7,j4 ,p471 ,d4,d4 ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t ,,& ,,! ,,new ,,s*ol>%ip4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,*ur*man's ,libr>y4 ,petrie 7,w4 ,m4 ,fl9d]s71 ,d4,c4,l41 ,,ll4,d41 ,pr(essor ( ,egyptology at ,univ]sity ,college4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,egypt1 ,,f ,,! ,,e>lie/ ,,times ,,to ,,! ,,pres5t ,,day4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,9 six volumes4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ea*4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,,prehi/oric ,,times ,,to ,,xvi? ,,dyna/y4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,,vol4 ,,ii4 ,,! ,,xvii? ,,& ,,xviii? ,,dyna/ies4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,,vol4 ,,iv4 ,,! ,,egypt ,,( ,,! ,,ptolemies4 ,j4 ,p4 ,,mahaffy1 ,litt4,d4 ,,vol4 ,v4 ,,roman ,,egypt4 ,j4 ,g4 ,,milne1 ,m4,a4 ,,vol4 ,,vi4 ,,egypt ,,9 ,,! ,,middle ,,ages4 ,,/anley ,,lane-,,poole1 ,m4,a4 ,,religion ,,& ,,consci5ce ,,9 ,,anci5t ,,egypt4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,syria ,,& ,,egypt1 ,,f ,,! ,,tell ,,el ,,am>na ,,tablets4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,egyptian ,,tales4 ,illu/rat$ by ,,tri/ram ,,ellis4 ,9 ,two ,volumes4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,,egyptian ,,decorative ,,art4 ,) #abj ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,phillips 7,w4 ,a474 ,,cann+4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d42 lea!r1 #ds4 net4 ,little ,biographies4 ,phillpotts 7,ed574 ,,my ,,devon ,,ye>4 ,) #ch ,illu/rations by ,j4 ,,ley ,,pe?ybridge4 ,l>ge ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,pi5a> 7,philip74 ,,) ,,/eyn ,,& ,,de ,,wet4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,plautus4 ,,! ,,captivi4 ,edit$1 ) an ,introduction1 ,textual ,notes1 & a ,comm5t>y1 by ,w4 ,m4 ,,l9dsay1 ,fell[ ( ,jesus ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,pl[d5-,w>dlaw 7,j4 ,t471 ,b4,a41 ,k+'s ,coll4 ,cam4 ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s ,,9 ,,engli% ,,hi/ory4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,s*ool ,exam9ation ,s]ies4 ,pocock 7,rog]74 ,a ,,fronti]sman4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,podmore 7,frank74 ,,mod]n ,,spiritualism4 ,two ,volumes4 ,demy #hvo4 #bas4 net4 ,a ,hi/ory & a ,criticism4 ,po] 7,j4 ,patrick ,la74 ,a ,,mod]n ,,legion>y4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,poll>d 7,alice7 & ,birn/+l 7,e!l74 ,,corot4 ,) #cj ,illu/rations4 ,demy #afmo4 ,little ,books on ,art4 ,poll>d 7,a4 ,w474 ,,old ,,picture ,,books4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,poll>d 7,eliza ,f474 ,,greuze ,,& ,,b\*]4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,books on ,art4 ,pollock 7,david71 ,m4,i4,n4,a41 ,au?or ( ,mod]n ,%ipbuild+ & ! ,m5 engag$ 9 x etc41 etc4 ,,! ,,%ipbuild+ ,,indu/ry4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,books on ,bus9ess4 ,pott] 7,m4 ,c471 ,m4,a41 ,f4,l4,s4 ,a ,,text-,,book ,,( ,,agricultural ,,botany4 ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,pott] ,boy 7,an ,old74 ,,:5 ,i ,,0 ,a ,,*ild4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,pradeau 7,g474 ,a ,,key ,,to ,,! ,,"t ,,allusions ,,9 ,,! ,,div9e ,,com$y4 ,) a ,dial4 ,small qu>to4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,prance 7,g474 ,see ,r4 ,wyon4 ,prescott 7,o4 ,l474 ,,ab\t ,,music1 ,,& ,,:at ,,x ,,is ,,made ,,(4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,price 7,l4 ,l471 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,oriel ,college1 ,oxon4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engli% ,,political ,,economy4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,primrose 7,deborah74 ,a ,,mod]n ,b,,otia4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,ne>ly ,ready4 ,,protection ,,& ,,indu/ry4 ,by v>i\s ,writ]s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 net4 ,pug9 & ,r[l&son4 ,,! ,,microcosm ,,( ,,london1 ,,or ,,london ,,9 ,,m9iature4 ,) #ajd ,illu/rations 9 col\r4 ,9 ,?ree ,volumes4 ,small #dto4 8,q40 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,pomp4 ,a ,procession ( ,engli% ,lyrics4 ,arrang$ by ,a4 ,t4 ,,quill] ,,c\*4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,buckram4 #fs4 ,,quev$o ,,villegas1 ,,! ,,visions ,,( ,,dom ,,francisco ,,de1 ,knight ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,james4 ,made ,engli% by ,r4 ,l4 ,f ! edition pr9t$ = ,h4 ,h]r+man1 #affh4 ,lea!r1 #bs4 net4 ,m9iature ,libr>y4 ,g4 ,r4 & ,e4 ,s4 ,,! ,,woodh\se ,,correspond5ce4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,rackham 7,r4 ,b471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,acts ,,( ,,! ,,apo/les4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes4 ,demy #hvo4 ,new & ,*eap] ,ed4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,we/m9/] ,comm5t>ies4 ,r&olph 7,b4 ,w471 ,d4,d41 ,pr9cipal ( ! ,!ological ,college1 ,ely4 ,,! ,,psalms ,,( ,,david4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,rannie 7,d4 ,w471 ,m4,a4 ,a ,,/ud5t',s ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,scotl&4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,ra%dall 7,ha/+s71 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ & ,tutor ( ,new ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,,doctr9e ,,& ,,developm5t4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,raw/orne 7,lawr5ce1 ,esq474 ,,gamonia3 or1 ,! ,art ( ,pres]v+ ,game2 & an ,improv$ ,me?od ( mak+ plantations & cov]s1 expla9$ & illu/rat$ by4 ,) #ae ,col\r$ ,draw+s by ,t4 ,,rawl9s4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,a ,real ,paddy4 ,,real ,,life ,,9 ,,irel&1 or ,! ,day & ,night ,sc5es ( ,brian ,boru1 ,esq41 & 8 ,elegant ,fri5d1 ,sir ,%awn ,o',dogh]ty4 ,) #ai ,col\r$ ,plates by ,,hea?1 ,,m>ks1 etc4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,reason 7,w471 ,m4,a4 ,,univ]sity ,,& ,,social ,,settlem5ts4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,r$f]n 7,w4 ,b471 ,au?or ( #8,anci5t ,wood & ,iron ,"w 9 ,cambridge1' etc4 ,,royal ,,& ,,hi/oric ,,gloves ,,& ,,anci5t ,,%oes4 ,pr(usely ,illu/rat$ 9 col\r & half-tone4 ,qu>to1 #b1 #bs4 net4 ,reynolds1 ,a ,,little ,,gall]y ,,(4 ,tw5ty examples 9 photogravure ( 8 f9e/ "w4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,gall]ies4 ,rob]ts 7,m4 ,e474 ,see ,c4 ,c4 ,*ann]4 ,rob]tson1 7,a471 ,d4,d41 ,"l ,bi%op ( ,exet]4 ,,regnum ,,dei4 ,! ,bampton ,lectures ( #aija4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,rob]tson 7,c4 ,grant71 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,all ,s\ls' ,college1 ,ox=d1 ,exam9] 9 ! ,hon\r ,s*ool ( ,mod]n ,hi/ory1 ,ox=d1 #aija-aijd4 ,,select ,,/atutes1 ,,cases1 ,,& ,,con/itutional ,,docum5ts1 #affj-ahcb4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,rob]tson 7,sir ,g4 ,s471 ,k4,c4,s4,i4 ,,*itral3 ,! ,/ory ( a ,m9or ,siege4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations1 ,map & ,plans4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,rob9son 7,a4 ,w471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,galatians4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 net4 ,*ur*man's ,bible4 ,rob9son 7,cecilia74 ,,! ,,m9i/ry ,,( ,,deaconesses4 ,) an ,introduction by ! late ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,ro*ef\cauld 7,la71 ,,! ,,maxims ,,(4 ,translat$ by ,,dean ,,/anhope4 ,edit$ by ,g4 ,h4 ,,p[ell4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,rodwell 7,g471 ,b4,a4 ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,greek4 ,a ,c\rse = ,beg9n]s4 ,) a ,preface by ,,walt] ,,lock1 ,d4,d41 ,w>d5 ( ,keble ,college4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,roe 7,fr$74 ,,anci5t ,,c(f]s ,,& ,,cupbo>ds3 ,_! ,hi/ory & ,description4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,qu>to4 #c1 #cs4 net4 ,rog]s 7,a4 ,g4 ,l471 ,m4,a41 ,editor ( ! la/ volume ( ,! ,hi/ory ( ,agriculture & ,prices 9 ,engl&4 ,,! ,,agricultural ,,indu/ry4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,books on ,bus9ess4 ,romney4 ,a ,,little ,,gall]y ,,(4 ,tw5ty examples 9 ,photogravure ( 8 be/ "w4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,gall]ies4 ,roscoe 7,e4 ,s474 ,,rob]t ,,h>ley1 ,,e>l ,,( ,,ox=d4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,?is is ! only life ( ,h>ley 9 exi/5ce4 ,,buck+ham%ire4 ,illu/rat$ by ,f4 ,d4 ,,b$=d4 ,small ,pott #hvo41 ,clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 ,little ,guides4 ,rose 7,edw>d74 ,,! ,,rose ,,read]4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,also 9 #d ,p>ts4 ,p>ts ,i4 & ,,ii4 #f;d4 ea*2 ,"p ,,iii4 #h;d42 ,"p ,,iv4 #aj;d4 ,rubie 7,a4 ,e471 ,m4,a41 ,head ,ma/] ( ,college1 ,el?am4 ,,! ,,gospel ,,accord+ ,,to ,,/4 ,,m>k4 ,) ?ree ,maps4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,junior ,s*ool ,books4 ,,! ,,acts ,,( ,,! ,,apo/les4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,junior ,s*ool ,books4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,book ,,( ,,k+s4 ,) ,notes4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,junior ,s*ool ,books4 ,russell 7,w4 ,cl>k74 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,admiral ,,"l ,,coll+wood4 ,) ,illu/rations by ,f4 ,,brangwyn4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,/4 ,anselm1 ,,! ,,devotions ,,(4 ,edit$ by ,c4 ,c4 ,j4 ,,webb1 ,m4,a4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,/4 ,augu/9e1 ,,! ,,confessions ,,(4 ,newly ,translat$1 ) an ,introduction & ,notes1 by ,c4 ,,bigg1 ,d4,d41 late ,/ud5t ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 #8,saki' 7,munro ,h474 ,,reg9ald4 ,fcap4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,sales 7,/4 ,francis de74 ,,on ,,! ,,love ,,( ,,god4 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,j4 ,,knox-,,little1 ,m4,a4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,salmon 7,a4 ,l474 ,,cornwall4 ,illu/rat$ by ,b4 ,c4 ,,b\lt]4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,a ,,popul> ,,guide ,,to ,,devon4 ,m$ium #hvo4 #f;d4 net4 ,s>geaunt 7,j471 ,m4,a4 ,,annals ,,( ,,we/m9/] ,,s*ool4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,sa?as 7,c74 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,psellus4 ,demy #hvo4 #aes4 net4 ,byzant9e ,texts4 ,s*mitt 7,john74 ,,! ,,*ronicle ,,( ,,morea4 ,demy #hvo4 #aes4 net4 ,byzant9e ,texts4 ,seeley 7,h4 ,g47 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,dragons ,,( ,,! ,,air4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,sells 7,v4 ,p471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,me*anics ,,( ,,daily ,,life4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,sel\s 7,edmund74 ,,tommy ,,smi?',s ,,animals4 ,illu/rat$ by ,g4 ,w4 ,,ord4 ,second ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,settle 7,j4 ,h474 ,,anecdotes ,,( ,,briti% ,,soldi]s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,%akespe>e 7,william74 ,,! ,,f\r ,,folios1 #afbc2 #afcb2 #affd2 #afhe4 ,ea* ,f\r ,gu9eas net1 or a complete set1 ,twelve ,gu9eas net4 ,! ,ard5 ,%akespe>e4 ,demy #hvo4 #c4 #f;d4 ea* volume4 ,g5]al ,editor1 ,w4 ,j4 ,,craig4 ,an ,edition ( ,%akespe>e 9 s+le ,plays4 ,edit$ ) a full ,introduction1 ,textual ,notes1 & a ,comm5t>y at ! foot ( ! page4 ,,hamlet4 ,edit$ by ,,edw>d ,,d[d51 ,litt4 ,d4 ,,romeo ,,& ,,juliet4 ,edit$ by ,,edw>d ,,d[d51 ,litt4 ,d4 ,,k+ ,,le>4 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,j4 ,,craig4 ,,julius ,c,,s>4 ,edit$ by ,m4 ,,macmillan1 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,tempe/4 ,edit$ by ,,morton ,,luce4 ,,o!llo4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,c4 ,,h>t4 ,,cymbel9e4 ,edit$ by ,,edw>d ,,d[d54 ,,titus ,,&ronicus4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,b4 ,,baildon4 ,,! ,,m]ry ,,wives ,,( ,,w9dsor4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,c4 ,,h>t4 ,,midsumm] ,,night',s ,,dream4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,,cun+ham4 ,,k+ ,,h5ry ,v4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,a4 ,,evans4 ,,titus ,,&ronicus4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,b4 ,,baildon4 ,,all',s ,,well ,,t ,,ends ,,well4 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,o4 ,,brig/ocke4 ,,! ,,tam+ ,,( ,,! ,,%rew4 ,edit$ by ,r4 ,m4 ,,bond4 ,! ,little ,qu>to ,%akespe>e4 ,pott #afmo4 ,lea!r1 price #as4 net ea* volume4 ,,two ,,g5tlem5 ,,( ,,v]ona4 ,a ,,com$y ,,( ,,errors4 ,,! ,,tempe/4 ,,! ,,m]ry ,,wives ,,( ,,w9dsor4 ,,measure ,,= ,,measure4 ,,love',s ,,lab\r',s ,,lo/4 ,a ,,midsumm] ,,night',s ,,dream4 ,,mu* ,,ado ,,ab\t ,,no?+4 ,,z ,,y ,,l ,,x4 ,,! ,,m]*ant ,,( ,,v5ice4 ,,all',s ,,well ,,t ,,ends ,,well4 ,a ,,w9t]',s ,,tale4 ,,! ,,tam+ ,,( ,,! ,,%rew4 ,,twelf? ,,night4 ,,k+ ,,john4 ,,k+ ,,ri*>d ,,ii4 ,,k+ ,,h5ry ,,iv4 ,"p ,i4 ,,k+ ,,h5ry ,,iv4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,,k+ ,,h5ry ,v4 ,,k+ ,,h5ry ,,vi4 ,"p ,i4 ,,k+ ,,h5ry ,,vi4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,,k+ ,,h5ry ,,vi4 ,"p ,,iii4 ,,k+ ,,ri*>d ,,iii4 ,,k+ ,,h5ry ,,viii4 ,,troilus ,,& ,,cressida4 ,,coriolanus4 ,,titus ,,&ronicus4 ,,romeo ,,& ,,juliet4 ,,timon ,,( ,,a!ns4 ,,julius ,c,,s>4 ,%>p 7,a474 ,,victorian ,,poets4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,%>p 7,mrs4 ,e4 ,a474 ,,rembr&t4 ,) #cj ,illu/rations1 ,demy #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,books on ,art4 ,%$lock 7,j4 ,s474 ,,! ,,pian(orte ,,sonata3 ,its ,orig9 & ,developm5t4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,%elley 7,p]cy ,b474 ,,adonais2 an ,elegy on ! dea? ( ,john ,keats1 ,au?or ( ,endymion1 etc4 ,pisa4 ,f ! types ( ,didot1 #ahba4 #bs4 net4 ,%]well7,ar?ur71 ,m4,a4 ,,life ,,9 ,,we/ ,,london4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,si*el 7,walt]74 ,,disraeli3 ,a ,/udy 9 ,p]sonality & ,ideas4 ,) #c ,portraits4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,,beaconsfield4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,fcap4 #hvo1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d42 lea!r1 #ds4 net4 ,little ,biographies4 ,sime 7,j474 ,,reynolds4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,books on ,art4 ,simonson 7,g4 ,a474 ,,francesco ,,gu>di4 ,) #cb ,plates4 ,royal folio4 #b1 #bs4 net4 ,sket*ley 7,r4 ,e4 ,d474 ,,watts4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,books on ,art4 ,skipton 7,h4 ,p4 ,r474 ,,hoppn]4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,books on ,art4 ,slad5 7,d\glas74 ,,sicily4 ,) ov] #bjj ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 net4 ,small 7,evan71 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,e>?4 ,an ,introduction to ,physiography4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,smallwood1 7,m4 ,g474 ,,v&yck4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,books on ,art4 ,sm$ley 7,f4 ,e474 ,,frank ,,fairlegh4 ,) #bh ,plates by ,,george ,,cruik%ank4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,smi? 7,adam74 ,,! ,,weal? ,,( ,,nations4 ,edit$ ) an ,introduction & num]\s ,notes by ,,edw9 ,,cannan1 ,m4,a4 ,two volumes4 ,demy #hvo4 #bas4 net4 ,smi? 7,horace & ,james74 ,,reject$ ,,addresses4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,d4 ,,godley1 ,m4,a4 ,small ,pott #hvo1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,snell 7,f4 ,j474 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,exmoor4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,sophocles4 ,,electra ,,& ,,ajax4 ,translat$ by ,e4 ,d4 ,a4 ,,mor%ead1 ,m4,a41 ,assi/ant ,ma/] at ,w9*e/]4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,classical ,translations4 ,sornet 7,l4 ,a471 & ,acatos 7,m4 ,j471 ,mod]n ,language ,ma/]s at ,k+ ,edw>d's ,s*ool1 ,birm+ham4 ,a ,,junior ,,fr5* ,,gramm>4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,junior ,s*ool ,books4 ,s\? 7,wilton ,e471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,gospel ,,accord+ ,,to ,,/4 ,,mat!w4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,junior ,s*ool ,books4 ,s\!y 7,r47 ,,engli% ,,seam54 ,vol4 ,i4 7,h[>d1 ,clif=d1 ,hawk9s1 ,drake1 ,cav5di%74 ,edit$1 ) an ,introduction1 by ,,david ,,hannay4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,vol4 ,,ii4 7,ri*>d ,hawk9s1 ,gr5ville1 ,essex1 & ,raleigh74 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,sp5ce 7,c4 ,h471 ,m4,a41 ,clifton ,college4 ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,geography ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,s*ool ,exam9ation ,s]ies4 ,spoon] 7,w4 ,a471 ,m4,a41 ,w>d5 ( ,new ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,,bi%op ,,butl]4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,lead]s ( ,religion4 ,/anbridge 7,j4 ,w471 ,b4,d41 late ,canon ( ,york1 & sometime ,fell[ ( ,/4 ,john's ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,devotions4 ,second ,edition4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 #8,/ancliffe4' ,,golf ,,d',s ,,& ,,dont',s4 ,second ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,/$man 7,a4 ,m4 ,m471 ,m4,a4 ,,initia ,,lat9a3 ,easy ,lessons on ,elem5t>y ,accid5ce4 ,six? ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,,fir/ ,,lat9 ,,lessons4 ,eigh? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,,fir/ ,,lat9 ,,read]4 ,) ,notes adapt$ to ! ,%ort] ,lat9 ,prim] & ,vocabul>y4 ,six? ,edition revis$4 #ahmo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,easy ,,selections ,,f ,c,,s>4 ,! ,helvetian ,w>4 ,second ,edition4 #ahmo4 #as4 ,,easy ,,selections ,,f ,,livy4 ,"p ,i4 ,! ,k+s ( ,rome4 #ahmo4 ,second ,edition1 #as4 #f;d4 ,,easy ,,lat9 ,,passages ,,= ,,unse5 ,,translation4 ,n9? ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,exempla ,,lat9a4 ,fir/ ,ex]cises 9 ,lat9 ,accid5ce4 ,) ,vocabul>y4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 ,,easy ,,lat9 ,,ex]cises ,,on ,,! ,,syntax ,,( ,,! ,,%ort] ,,& ,,revis$ ,,lat9 ,,prim]4 ,) ,vocabul>y4 ,n9? & ,*eap] ,edition1 re-writt54 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,key1 #cs4 net4 ,orig9al ,edition4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,lat9 ,,comp\nd ,,s5t5ce3 ,rules & ,ex]cises4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,) ,vocabul>y4 #bs4 ,,not&a ,,qua$am3 ,miscellane\s ,lat9 ,ex]cises on ,common ,rules & ,idioms4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,) ,vocabul>y4 #bs4 ,key1 #bs4 net4 ,,lat9 ,,vocabul>ies ,,= ,,repetition3 ,arrang$ accord+ to ,subjects4 ,elev5? ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,a ,,vocabul>y ,,( ,,lat9 ,,idioms4 #ahmo4 ,second ,edition4 #as4 ,,/eps ,,to ,,greek4 ,second ,edition1 revis$4 #ahmo4 #as4 ,a ,,%ort] ,,greek ,,prim]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,easy ,,greek ,,passages ,,= ,,unse5 ,,translation4 ,?ird ,edition1 revis$4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,greek ,,vocabul>ies ,,= ,,repetition4 ,arrang$ accord+ to ,subjects4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,greek ,,te/am5t ,,selections4 ,= ! use ( ,s*ools4 ,) ,introduction1 ,notes1 & ,vocabul>y4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,/eps ,,to ,,fr5*4 ,six? ,edition4 #ahmo4 #h;d4 ,,fir/ ,,fr5* ,,lessons4 ,six? ,edition1 revis$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 ,,easy ,,fr5* ,,passages ,,= ,,unse5 ,,translation4 ,fif? ,edition1 revis$4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,easy ,,fr5* ,,ex]cises ,,on ,,elem5t>y ,,syntax4 ,) ,vocabul>y4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,key1 #cs4 net4 ,,fr5* ,,vocabul>ies ,,= ,,repetition3 ,arrang$ accord+ to ,subjects4 ,twelf? ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,,fr5* ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s ,,9 ,,miscellane\s ,,gramm> ,,& ,,idioms4 ,twelf? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,s*ool ,exam9ation ,s]ies4 ,a ,,key1 issu$ to ,tutors & ,private ,/ud5ts only1 to be _h on application to ! ,publi%]s4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 net4 ,,g5]al ,,k ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,s*ool ,exam9ation ,s]ies4 ,,key 7,?ird ,edition7 issu$ z above4 #gs4 net4 ,,greek ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s ,,9 ,,miscellane\s ,,gramm> ,,& ,,idioms4 ,sev5? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,s*ool ,exam9ation ,s]ies4 ,,key 7,?ird ,edition7 issu$ z above4 #fs4 net4 ,,lat9 ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s ,,9 ,,miscellane\s ,,gramm> ,,& ,,idioms4 ,twelf? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,s*ool ,exam9ation ,s]ies4 ,,key 7,fif? ,edition7 issu$ z above4 #fs4 net4 ,/eel 7,r4 ,elliott71 ,m4,a41 ,f4,c4,s4 ,,! ,,_w ,,( ,,sci5ce4 ,includ+ ,*emi/ry1 ,heat1 ,light1 ,s\nd1 ,magnetism1 ,electricity1 ,botany1 ,zoology1 ,physiology1 ,a/ronomy1 & ,geology4 #adg ,illu/rations4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,physics ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,s*ool ,exam9ation ,s]ies4 ,/eph5son 7,c471 ( ! ,te*nical ,college1 ,brad=d1 & ,sudd>ds 7,f47 ( ! ,york%ire ,college1 ,le$s4 ,,ornam5tal ,,design ,,= ,,wov5 ,,fabrics4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #hvo4 ,second ,edition4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,/eph5son 7,j471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,*ief ,,tru?s ,,( ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,fai?4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,/]ne 7,laur5ce74 ,a ,,s5tim5tal ,,j\rney4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,w4 ,paul4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,/]ry 7,w471 ,m4,a4 ,,annals ,,( ,,eton ,,college4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,/eu>t 7,ka!r9e74 ,,by ,,allan ,,wat]4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,/ev5son 7,r4 ,l474 ,,! ,,lett]s ,,( ,,rob]t ,,l\is ,,/ev5son ,,to ,,8 ,,family ,,& ,,fri5ds4 ,select$ & ,edit$1 ) ,notes & ,introductions1 by ,,sidney ,,colv94 ,six? & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #abs4 ,,libr>y ,,edition4 ,demy #hvo4 #b vols4 #bes4 net4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,,vailima ,,lett]s4 ,) an ,et*$ ,portrait by ,,william ,,/rang4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,buckram4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,r4 ,l4 ,,/ev5son4 ,see ,g4 ,balf\r4 ,/ev5son 7,m4 ,i471 ,,f ,,s>anac ,,to ,,! ,,m>quesas4 ,be+ ,lett]s writt5 by ,mrs4 ,m4 ,i4 ,,/ev5son dur+ #ahhg-h to h] si/]1 ,miss ,,jane ,,:yte ,,balf\r4 ,) an ,introduction by ,,george ,w4 ,,balf\r1 ,m4,d41 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4,s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 net4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,/odd>t 7,anna ,m474 ,,/4 ,,francis ,,( ,,assisi4 ,) #af ,illu/rations4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d42 lea!r1 #ds4 net4 ,little ,biographies4 ,/one 7,e4 ,d471 ,m4,a41 late ,assi/ant ,ma/] at ,eton4 ,,selections ,,f ,,! ,,odyssey4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,/one 7,s4 ,j474 ,,poems ,,& ,,hymns4 ,) a ,memoir by ,f4 ,g4 ,,ell]ton1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,/rak] 7,f471 ,assoc4 ( ! ,in/itute ( ,bank]s1 & ,lectur] to ! ,london ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce4 ,,! ,,money ,,m>ket4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,books on ,bus9ess4 ,/reane 7,a4 ,w471 ,d4,d4 ,,ecclesia/es4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 net4 ,*ur*man's ,bible4 ,/r\d 7,h471 ,d4,sc41 ,m4,a41 ,pr(essor ( ,physics 9 ! ,durham ,college ( ,sci5ce1 ,newca/le-on-,tyne4 ,,practical ,,physics4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,textbooks ( ,te*nology4 ,/rutt 7,joseph74 ,,! ,,sports ,,& ,,pa/imes ,,( ,,! ,,p ,,( ,,engl&4 ,illu/rat$ by _m engrav+s4 ,revis$ by ,j4 ,*>les ,cox1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,qu>to4 #bas4 net4 ,/u>t 7,capt4 ,donald74 ,,! ,,/ruggle ,,= ,,p]sia4 ,) a ,map4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,suckl+ 7,sir ,john74 ,,fragm5ta ,,aurea3 a ,collection ( all ! ,incomp>able ,peeces1 writt5 by4 ,& publi%$ by a fri5d to p]petuate 8 memory4 ,pr9t$ by 8 own copies4 ,pr9t$ = ,,humphrey ,,moseley1 & are to be sold at 8 %op1 at ! sign ( ! ,pr9ces ,arms 9 ,/4 ,paul's ,*ur*y>d1 #afdf4 ,sudd>ds 7,f474 ,see ,c4 ,/eph5son4 ,surtees 7,r4 ,s474 ,,h&ley ,,cross4 ,) #ag ,col\r$ ,plates & #ajj ,woodcuts 9 ! ,text by ,,john ,,lee*4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,,mr4 ,,sponge',s ,,sport+ ,,t\r4 ,) #ac ,col\r$ ,plates & #ij ,woodcuts 9 ! ,text by ,,john ,,lee*4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,,jorrocks' ,,jaunts ,,& ,,jollities4 ,) #ae ,col\r$ ,plates by ,h4 ,,alk54 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,,ask ,,mamma4 ,) #ac ,col\r$ ,plates & #gj ,woodcuts 9 ! ,text by ,,john ,,lee*4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,ne>ly ,ready4 ,swift 7,jona?an74 ,,! ,,j\rnal ,,to ,,/ella4 ,edit$ by ,g4 ,a4 ,,aitk54 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,symes 7,j4 ,e471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,fr5* ,,revolution4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,syrett 7,netta74 ,a ,,s*ool ,,ye>4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,little ,blue ,books4 ,tacitus4 ,,agricola4 ,) ,introduction1 ,notes1 ,map1 etc4 ,by ,r4 ,f4 ,,davis1 ,m4,a41 late ,assi/ant ,ma/] at ,weym\? ,college4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,,g]mania4 ,by ! same ,editor4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,,agricola ,,& ,,g]mania4 ,translat$ by ,r4 ,b4 ,,t[n%5d1 late ,s*ol> ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,classical ,translations4 ,taul] 7,j474 ,,! ,,inn] ,,way4 ,be+ ,?irty-six ,s]mons = ,fe/ivals by ,,john ,,taul]4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,w4 ,,hutton1 ,m4,a4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,taunton 7,e4 ,l474 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,jesuits ,,9 ,,engl&4 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #bas4 net4 ,taylor 7,a4 ,e474 ,,! ,,elem5ts ,,( ,,metaphysics4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,taylor 7,f4 ,g471 ,m4,a4 ,,comm]cial ,,ari?metic4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,comm]cial ,s]ies4 ,taylor 7,miss ,j4 ,a474 ,,sir ,,walt] ,,raleigh4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d42 lea!r1 #ds4 net4 ,little ,biographies4 ,taylor 7,t4 ,m471 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,gonville & ,caius ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,a ,,con/itutional ,,& ,,political ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,rome4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,t5nyson 7,alfr$1 ,"l74 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,poems ,,(4 ,edit$1 ) ,notes & an ,introduction1 by ,j4 ,,*urton ,,coll9s1 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,9 ,,memoriam1 ,,maud1 ,,& ,,! ,,pr9cess4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,,*urton ,,coll9s1 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,maud4 ,edit$ by ,,elizabe? ,,wordswor?4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,,9 ,,memoriam4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,c4 ,,bee*+1 ,m4,a4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,poems ,,(4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,c4 ,,coll9s1 ,m4,a4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,,! ,,pr9cess4 ,edit$ by ,,elizabe? ,,wordswor?4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,t]ry 7,c4 ,s474 ,,! ,,"y ,,pret5d]4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d42 lea!r1 #ds4 net4 ,little ,biographies4 ,t]ton 7,alice74 ,,lights ,,& ,,%ad[s ,,9 ,a ,,hospital4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,?ack]ay 7,w4 ,m474 ,,vanity ,,fair4 ,edit$ by ,,/eph5 ,,gwynn4 ,?ree ,volumes4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,ea* volume1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,,p5d5nis4 ,edit$ by ,,/eph5 ,,gwynn4 ,?ree ,volumes4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,ea* volume1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,,esmond4 ,edit$ by ,,/eph5 ,,gwynn4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,,*ri/mas ,,books4 ,edit$ by ,,/eph5 ,,gwynn4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,!obald 7,f4 ,w471 ,m4,a4 ,,insect ,,life4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies4 ,?ompson 7,a4 ,h474 ,,cambridge ,,& ,,its ,,colleges4 ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,,new4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,tile/on 7,m>y ,w474 ,,daily ,,/r5g? ,,= ,,daily ,,ne$s4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,also editions 9 sup]ior b9d+ #es4 & #fs4 ,tompk9s 7,h4 ,w471 ,f4,r4,h4,s4 ,,h]t=d%ire4 ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,,new4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,t[nley 7,lady ,susan74 ,,my ,,*9ese ,,note-,,book4 ,) #af ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,toynbee 7,paget71 ,m4,a41 ,d4,litt4 ,,dante ,,/udies ,,& ,,rese>*es4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,dante ,,alighi]i4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,second ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs4 #f;d42 lea!r1 #ds4 net4 ,little ,biographies4 ,tr5* 7,h]b]t74 ,,deirdre ,,w$3 & ,o!r ,poems4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,trevelyan 7,g4 ,m471 ,fell[ ( ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,,engl& ,,"u ,,! ,,/u>ts4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,tr\tbeck 7,g4 ,e474 ,,we/m9/] ,,abbey4 ,illu/rat$ by ,f4 ,d4 ,,b$=d4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,tuckwell 7,g]trude74 ,,! ,,/ate ,,& ,,its ,,*ildr54 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,tw9+ 7,l\isa74 ,,workh\ses ,,& ,,paup]ism4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,tyl] 7,e4 ,a471 ,b4,a41 ,f4,c4,s4 ,a ,,junior ,,*emi/ry4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,junior ,s*ool ,books4 ,tyrell-,gill 7,frances74 ,,turn]4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,books on ,art4 ,vaughan 7,h5ry71 ,,! ,,poems ,,(4 ,edit$ by ,,edw>d ,,hutton4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,voegel9 7,a471 ,m4,a4 ,,junior ,,g]man ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,junior ,exam9ation ,s]ies4 ,wade 7,g4 ,w471 ,d4,d4 ,,old ,,te/am5t ,,hi/ory4 ,) ,maps4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,?is book pres5ts a connect$ acc\nt ( ! ,hebrew p dur+ ! p]iod cov]$ by ! ,old ,te/am5t2 & has be5 drawn up f ! ,scripture records 9 accordance ) ! me?ods ( hi/orical criticism4 ,wagn] 7,ri*>d74 ,see ,a4 ,l4 ,,clea!r4 ,wall 7,j4 ,c47 ,,devils4 ,illu/rat$ by ! ,au?or4 ,demy #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,walt]s 7,h4 ,b474 ,,greek ,,art4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,books on ,art4 ,walton 7,izaac7 & ,cotton 7,*>les74 ,,! ,,compleat ,,angl]4 ,) #ad ,plates & #gg ,woodcuts 9 ! ,text4 ,fcap #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y4 ,?is volume is reproduc$ f ! beautiful edition ( ,john ,major ( #ahbd-e4 ,,! ,,compleat ,,angl]4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,,bu*an4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,w>melo 7,d4 ,s4 ,van74 ,,on ,,comm&o4 ,) ,portrait4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,wat]h\se 7,mrs4 ,alfr$74 ,a ,,little ,,book ,,( ,,life ,,& ,,dea?4 ,select$4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,,) ,,! ,,simple-,,he>t$3 ,little ,homilies to ,wom5 9 ,c\ntry ,places4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 net4 ,wea!rhead 7,t4 ,c471 ,m4,a4 ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s ,,9 ,,horace4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,,junior ,,greek ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,junior ,exam9ation ,s]ies4 ,webb 7,w4 ,t474 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,bad ,,*ildr54 ,) #ej ,illu/rations by ,h4 ,c4 ,,s&y4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,little ,blue ,books4 ,webb] 7,p4 ,c474 ,,c>p5try ,,& ,,jo9]y4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,wells 7,sidney ,h474 ,,practical ,,me*anics4 ,) #ge ,illu/rations & ,diagrams4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,textbooks ( ,te*nology4 ,wells 7,j471 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ & ,tutor ( ,wadham ,college4 ,,ox=d ,,& ,,ox=d ,,life4 ,by ,memb]s ( ! ,univ]sity4 ,?ird ,edition ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,%ort ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,rome4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,) #c ,maps4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,?is book is int5d$ = ! ,middle & ,upp] ,=ms ( ,public ,s*ools & = ,pass ,/ud5ts at ! ,univ]sities4 ,x conta9s copi\s ,tables1 etc4 ,,ox=d ,,& ,,its ,,colleges4 ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,,new4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,wetmore 7,hel5 ,c474 ,,! ,,la/ ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,sc\ts 7#8,buffalo ,bill'74 ,) ,illu/rations4 ,second ,edition4 ,demy #hvo4 #fs4 ,:ibley 7,c474 ,see ,h5ley & ,:ibley4 ,:ibley 7,l471 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,pembroke ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,,greek ,,olig>*ies3 ,,_! ,,organisation ,,& ,,"*4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,:itak] 7,g4 ,h471 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,epi/le ,,( ,,/4 ,,paul ,,! ,,apo/le ,,to ,,! ,,ephesians4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 net4 ,*ur*man's ,bible4 ,:ite 7,gilb]t74 ,,! ,,natural ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,selborne4 ,edit$ by ,l4 ,c4 ,,miall1 ,f4,r4,s41 assi/$ by ,w4 ,,w>de ,,f[l]1 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,:itfield 7,e4 ,e474 ,,precis ,,writ+ ,,& ,,(fice ,,correspond5ce4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,comm]cial ,s]ies4 ,,comm]cial ,,education ,,9 ,,!ory ,,& ,,practice4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #es4 ,comm]cial ,s]ies4 ,an introduction to ,me?u5's ,comm]cial ,s]ies treat+ ! "q ( ,comm]cial ,education fully f bo? ! po9t ( view ( ! tea*] & ( ! p>5t4 ,:itehead 7,a4 ,w474 ,,coligny4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,:itley 7,miss74 ,see ,lady ,dilke4 ,:yte 7,a4 ,g471 ,b4,sc41 ,editor ( ,electrical ,inve/m5ts4 ,,! ,,electrical ,,indu/ry4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,books on ,bus9ess4 ,wilb]=ce 7,wilfrid7 & ,gilb]t 7,a4 ,r474 ,,velasquez4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,books on ,art4 ,wilk9s 7,w4 ,h471 ,b4,a4 ,,! ,,ali5 ,,invasion4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,social ,que/ions ,s]ies4 ,williamson 7,w474 ,,! ,,briti% ,,g>d5]4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,williamson 7,w471 ,b4,a4 ,,junior ,,engli% ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,junior ,exam9ation ,s]ies4 ,a ,,junior ,,engli% ,,gramm>4 ,) num]\s passages = p>s+ & analysis1 & a *apt] on ,essay ,writ+4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,junior ,s*ool ,books4 ,a ,,class-,,book ,,( ,,dictation ,,passages4 ,eigh? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,junior ,s*ool ,books4 ,,easy ,,dictation ,,& ,,spell+4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,wilmot-,buxton 7,e4 ,m474 ,,! ,,mak]s ,,( ,,europe4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,second ,edition4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a ,text-book ( ,european ,hi/ory = ,middle ,=ms4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,! ,,anci5t ,,_w4 ,) ,maps & ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,wilson 7,bi%op74 ,,sacra ,,privata4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,e4 ,,burn1 ,b4,d4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,libr>y ( ,devotion4 ,wilson 7,a4 ,j471 ,editor ( ! ,inve/or's ,review1 ,city ,editor ( ! ,daily ,*ronicle4 ,,! ,,insurance ,,indu/ry4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,books on ,bus9ess4 ,wilson 7,h4 ,a474 ,,law ,,9 ,,bus9ess4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,books on ,bus9ess4 ,willson 7,beckles74 ,,"l ,,/ra?cona3 ! ,/ory ( 8 ,life4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,wilton 7,ri*>d71 ,m4,a4 ,,lyra ,,pa/oralis3 ,songs ( ,nature1 ,*ur*1 & ,home4 ,pott #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,a volume ( devotional poems4 ,w9bolt 7,s4 ,e471 ,m4,a41 ,assi/ant ,ma/] 9 ,*ri/'s ,hospital4 ,,ex]cises ,,9 ,,lat9 ,,accid5ce4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,an elem5t>y book adapt$ = ,l[] ,=ms to accompany ! ,%ort] ,lat9 ,prim]4 ,,lat9 ,,hexamet] ,,v]se3 ,an ,aid to ,composition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,key1 #es4 net4 ,w9dle 7,b4 ,c4 ,a471 ,d4,sc41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,,%akespe>e',s ,,c\ntry4 ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,,new4 ,second ,edition4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,,! ,,malv]n ,,c\ntry4 ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,,new4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,guides4 ,,rema9s ,,( ,,! ,,prehi/oric ,,age ,,9 ,,engl&4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations & ,plans4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,antiqu>y's ,books4 ,,*e/]4 ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,,new4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,anci5t ,cities4 ,w9t]bo?am 7,canon71 ,m4,a41 ,b4,sc41 ,,ll4,b4 ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,heav5 ,,"h ,,& ,,h]eaft]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,*ur*man's ,libr>y4 ,wood 7,j4 ,a4 ,e474 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,dress4 ,illu/rat$4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,textbooks ( ,te*nology4 ,wordswor? 7,*ri/oph]71 ,m4,a41 & ,littlehales 7,h5ry74 ,,old ,,s]vice ,,books ,,( ,,! ,,engli% ,,*ur*4 ,) ,col\r$ & o!r ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,antiqu>y's ,books4 ,wordswor? 7,w474 ,,selections4 ,edit$ by ,,n[ell ,c4 ,,smi?1 ,m4,a4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,wordswor? 7,w47 & ,col]idge 7,s4 ,t474 ,,lyrical ,,ballads4 ,edit$ by ,,george ,,sampson4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,little ,libr>y4 ,wright 7,ar?ur71 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,que5's ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,,"s ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,problems4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,*ur*man's ,libr>y4 ,wright 7,sophie74 ,,g]man ,,vocabul>ies ,,= ,,repetition4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,wylde 7,a4 ,b474 ,,mod]n ,,abyss9ia4 ,) a ,map & a ,portrait4 ,demy #hvo4 #aes4 net4 ,wyndham 7,g471 ,m4,p4 ,,! ,,poems ,,( ,,william ,,%akespe>e4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes4 ,demy #hvo4 ,buckram1 gilt top4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,wyon 7,r47 & ,prance 7,g474 ,,! ,,l& ,,( ,,! ,,black ,,m\nta94 ,be+ a description ( ,mont5egro4 ,) #dj ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,colonial ,edition is also publi%$4 ,yeats 7,w4 ,b474 ,,an ,,an?ology ,,( ,,iri% ,,v]se4 ,revis$ & ,enl>g$ ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,y5dis 7,m474 ,,! ,,great ,,r$ ,,frog4 ,a ,/ory told 9 #dj ,col\r$ ,pictures4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 net4 ,"y 7,filson74 ,,! ,,complete ,,motori/4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,"y 7,t4 ,m474 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,cotton ,,indu/ry3 ,a ,/udy ( ,"w & ,work]s4 ,) an ,introduction by ,,elijah ,,helm1 ,secret>y to ! ,man*e/] ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,clo?1 #bs #f;d42 pap] bo>ds1 #as4 #f;d4 ,antiqu>y's ,books1 ,! ,g5]al ,editor1 ,j4 ,,*>les ,,cox1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,,engli% ,,mona/ic ,,life4 ,by ! ,"r ,rev4 ,abbot ,gasquet1 ,o4,s4,b4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,rema9s ,,( ,,! ,,prehi/oric ,,age ,,9 ,,engl&4 ,by ,b4 ,c4 ,a4 ,w9dle1 ,d4,sc41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations & ,plans4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,old ,,s]vice ,,books ,,( ,,! ,,engli% ,,*ur*4 ,by ,*ri/oph] ,wordswor?1 ,m4,a41 & ,h5ry ,littlehales4 ,) ,col\r$ & o!r ,illu/rations4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,celtic ,,art4 ,by ,j4 ,romilly ,all51 ,f4,s4,a4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations & ,plans4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,bus9ess1 ,books on ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,! fir/ ,twelve volumes are-- ,,ports ,,& ,,docks4 ,by ,d\glas ,ow54 ,,railways4 ,by ,e4 ,r4 ,mc,dermott4 ,,! ,,/ock ,,ex*ange4 ,by ,*as4 ,duguid4 ,second ,edition4 ,,! ,,insurance ,,indu/ry4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,wilson4 ,,! ,,electrical ,,indu/ry4 ,by ,a4 ,g4 ,:yte1 ,b4,,sc4 ,,! ,,%ipbuild+ ,,indu/ry4 ,by ,david ,pollock1 ,m4,i4,n4,a4 ,,! ,,money ,,m>ket4 ,by ,f4 ,/rak]4 ,,! ,,agricultural ,,indu/ry4 ,by ,a4 ,g4 ,l4 ,rog]s1 ,m4,a4 ,,law ,,9 ,,bus9ess4 ,by ,h4 ,a4 ,wilson4 ,,! ,,brew+ ,,indu/ry4 ,by ,julian ,l4 ,bak]1 ,f4,i4,c41 ,f4,c4,s4 ,,! ,,automobile ,,indu/ry4 ,by ,g4 de ,h4 ,/one4 ,,m9+ ,,& ,,m9+ ,,inve/m5ts4 ,by ,a4 ,moil4 ,byzant9e ,texts ,edit$ by ,j4 ,b4 ,,bury1 ,m4,a41 ,litt4,d4 ,,za*>iah ,,( ,,mityl5e4 ,translat$ by ,f4 ,j4 ,hamilton1 ,d4,d41 & ,e4 ,w4 ,brooks4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,evagrius4 ,edit$ by ,lon ,p>m5ti] & ,m4 ,bidez4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,psellus4 ,edit$ by ,c4 ,sa?as4 ,demy #hvo4 #aes4 net4 ,,ec!sis ,,*ronica4 ,edit$ by ,pr(essor ,lambros4 ,demy #hvo4 #gs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,! ,,*ronicle ,,( ,,morea4 ,edit$ by ,john ,s*mitt4 ,demy #hvo4 #aes4 net4 ,*ur*man's ,bible1 ,! ,g5]al ,editor1 ,j4 ,h4 ,,burn1 ,b4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4,e4 ,! volumes are practical & devotional1 & ! text ( ! ,au?oris$ ,v]sion is expla9$ 9 sections1 :i* correspond z f> z possible ) ! ,*ur* ,lection>y4 ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,galatians4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,w4 ,rob9son1 ,m4,a4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 net4 ,,ecclesia/es4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,w4 ,/reane1 ,d4,d4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 net4 ,,! ,,epi/le ,,to ,,! ,,philippians4 ,edit$ by ,c4 ,r4 ,d4 ,biggs1 ,d4,d4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 net4 ,,! ,,epi/le ,,( ,,/4 ,,james4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,w4 ,ful=d1 ,m4,a4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 net4 ,,isaiah4 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,e4 ,b>nes1 ,d4,d41 ,hulsaean ,pr(essor ( ,div9ity4 ,two ,volumes4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #bs4 net ea*4 ,) ,map4 ,,! ,,epi/le ,,( ,,/4 ,,paul ,,! ,,apo/le ,,to ,,! ,,ephesians4 ,edit$ by ,g4 ,h4 ,:itak]1 ,m4,a4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 net4 ,*ur*man's ,libr>y1 ,! ,g5]al ,editor1 ,j4 ,h4 ,,burn1 ,b4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4,e4 ,,! ,,beg9n+s ,,( ,,engli% ,,*ri/ianity4 ,by ,w4 ,e4 ,coll9s1 ,m4,a4 ,) ,map4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,"s ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,problems4 ,by ,ar?ur ,wright1 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,heav5 ,,"h ,,& ,,h]eaft]4 ,by ,canon ,w9t]bo?am1 ,m4,a41 ,b4,sc41 ,,ll4,b4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,workman%ip ,,( ,,! ,,pray] ,,book3 ,its ,lit]>y & ,liturgical ,aspects4 ,by ,j4 ,d[d51 ,d4,d4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,evolution4 ,by ,f4 ,b4 ,jevons1 ,m4,a41 ,litt4,d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t ,,& ,,! ,,new ,,s*ol>%ip4 ,by ,j4 ,w4 ,pet]s1 ,d4,d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,*ur*man',s ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,old ,,te/am5t4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,m4 ,mackay1 ,b4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,by ,e4 ,t4 ,gre51 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,comp>ative ,,!ology4 ,by ,j4 ,a4 ,mac,culloch4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,classical ,translations ,edit$ by ,h4 ,f4 ,,fox1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ & ,tutor ( ,bras5ose ,college1 ,ox=d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,,s*ylus--,agamemnon1 ,*oephoroe1 ,eum5ides4 ,translat$ by ,lewis ,campbell1 ,,ll4,d4 #es4 ,,cic]o--,de ,oratore ,i4 ,translat$ by ,e4 ,n4 ,p4 ,moor1 ,m4,a4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,cic]o--,select ,orations 7,pro ,milone1 ,pro ,mur5o1 ,philippic ,,ii41 9 ,catil9am74 ,translat$ by ,h4 ,e4 ,d4 ,blaki/on1 ,m4,a4 #es4 ,,cic]o--,de ,natura ,deorum4 ,translat$ by ,f4 ,brooks1 ,m4,a4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,cic]o--,de ,(ficiis4 ,translat$ by ,g4 ,b4 ,g>d9]1 ,m4,a4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,horace--,! ,odes & ,epodes4 ,translat$ by ,a4 ,godley1 ,m4,a4 #bs4 ,,lucian--,six ,dialogues 7,nigr9us1 ,ic>o-,m5ippus1 ,! ,cock1 ,! ,%ip1 ,! ,p>asite1 ,! ,lov] ( ,falsehood74 ,translat$ by ,s4 ,t4 ,irw91 ,m4,a4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,sophocles--,electra & ,ajax4 ,translat$ by ,e4 ,d4 ,a4 ,mor%ead4 ,m4,a4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,tacitus--,agricola & ,g]mania4 ,translat$ by ,r4 ,b4 ,t[n%5d4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,satires ,,( ,,juv5al4 ,translat$ by ,s4 ,g4 ,ow54 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,comm]cial ,s]ies1 ,me?u5's ,edit$ by ,h4 ,,de ,b4 ,,gibb9s1 ,litt4,d41 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,,comm]cial ,,education ,,9 ,,!ory ,,& ,,practice4 ,by ,e4 ,e4 ,:itfield1 ,m4,a4 #es4 ,an introduction to ,me?u5's ,comm]cial ,s]ies treat+ ! "q ( ,comm]cial ,education fully f bo? ! po9t ( view ( ! tea*] & ( ! p>5t4 ,,briti% ,,comm]ce ,,& ,,colonies ,,f ,,elizabe? ,,to ,,victoria4 ,by ,h4 de ,b4 ,gibb9s1 ,litt4,d41 ,m4,a4 ,?ird ,edition4 #bs4 ,,comm]cial ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,by ,h4 de ,b4 ,gibb9s1 ,litt4,d41 ,m4,a4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,economics ,,( ,,comm]ce4 ,by ,h4 de ,b4 ,gibb9s1 ,litt4,d41 ,m4,a4 #as4 #f;d4 ,a ,,g]man ,,comm]cial ,,read]4 ,by ,s4 ,e4 ,bally1 ,) ,vocabul>y4 #bs4 ,a ,,comm]cial ,,geography ,,( ,,! ,,briti% ,,empire4 ,by ,l4 ,w4 ,lyde1 ,m4,a4 ,?ird ,edition4 #bs4 ,a ,,prim] ,,( ,,bus9ess4 ,by ,s4 ,jackson1 ,m4,a4 ,?ird ,edition4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,comm]cial ,,ari?metic4 ,by ,f4 ,g4 ,taylor1 ,m4,a4 ,?ird ,edition4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,fr5* ,,comm]cial ,,correspond5ce4 ,by ,s4 ,e4 ,bally4 ,) ,vocabul>y4 ,?ird ,edition4 #bs4 ,,g]man ,,comm]cial ,,correspond5ce4 ,by ,s4 ,e4 ,bally4 ,) ,vocabul>y4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,fr5* ,,comm]cial ,,read]4 ,by ,s4 ,e4 ,bally4 ,) ,vocabul>y4 ,second ,edition4 #bs4 ,,precis ,,writ+ ,,& ,,(fice ,,correspond5ce4 ,by ,e4 ,e4 ,:itfield1 ,m4,a4 ,second ,edition4 #bs4 ,a ,,guide ,,to ,,pr(essions ,,& ,,bus9ess4 ,by ,h4 ,jones4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,pr9ciples ,,( ,,book-,,keep+ ,,by ,,d\ble ,,entry4 ,by ,j4 ,e4 ,b4 ,m',all51 ,m4,a4 #bs4 ,,comm]cial ,,law4 ,by ,w4 ,d\glas ,edw>ds4 #bs4 ,connoisseurs ,libr>y1 ,! ,wide ,royal #hvo4 #bes4 net4 ,! fir/ volumes are-- ,,mezzot9ts4 ,by ,cyril ,dav5port4 ,,m9iatures4 ,by ,dudley ,hea?4 ,,porcela94 ,by ,edw>d ,dillon4 ,,ivories4 ,by ,a4 ,maskell4 ,devotion1 ,! ,libr>y ( ,) ,introductions & 7:]e necess>y7 ,notes4 ,small ,pott #hvo1 clo?1 #bs42 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,! ,,confessions ,,( ,,/4 ,,augu/9e4 ,edit$ by ,c4 ,bigg1 ,d4,d4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,,! ,,*ri/ian ,,ye>4 ,edit$ by ,walt] ,lock1 ,d4,d4 ,second ,edition4 ,,! ,,imitation ,,( ,,*ri/4 ,edit$ by ,c4 ,bigg1 ,d4,d4 ,second ,edition4 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,devotions4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,w4 ,/anbridge1 ,b4,d4 ,second ,edition4 ,,lyra ,,innoc5tium4 ,edit$ by ,walt] ,lock1 ,d4,d4 ,a ,,s]i\s ,,call ,,to ,a ,,dev\t ,,& ,,holy ,,life4 ,edit$ by ,c4 ,bigg1 ,d4,d4 ,second ,edition4 ,,! ,,temple4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,c4 ,s4 ,gibson1 ,d4,d4 ,a ,,guide ,,to ,,et]nity4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,w4 ,/anbridge1 ,b4,d4 ,,! ,,psalms ,,( ,,david4 ,edit$ by ,b4 ,w4 ,r&olph1 ,d4,d4 ,,lyra ,,apo/olica4 ,edit$ by ,canon ,scott ,holl& & ,canon ,h4 ,c4 ,bee*+1 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,inn] ,,way4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,w4 ,hutton1 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,?\ghts ,,( ,,pascal4 ,edit$ by ,c4 ,s4 ,j]ram1 ,m4,a4 ,,on ,,! ,,love ,,( ,,god4 ,by ,/4 ,francis de ,sales ,edit$ by ,w4 ,j4 ,knox-,little1 ,m4,a4 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,consolation ,,f ,,! ,,sa9ts ,,& ,,fa!rs4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,h4 ,burn1 ,b4,d4 ,,! ,,song ,,( ,,songs4 ,edit$ by ,b4 ,blaxl&1 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,devotions ,,( ,,/4 ,,anselm4 ,edit$ by ,c4 ,c4 ,j4 ,webb1 ,m4,a4 ,,grace ,,ab\nd+4 ,by ,john ,bunyan4 ,edit$ by ,s4 ,c4 ,fre]1 ,m4,a4 ,,bi%op ,,wilson',s ,,sacra ,,privata4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,e4 ,burn1 ,b4,d4 ,,lyra ,,sacra3 ,a ,book ( ,sacr$ ,v]se4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,c4 ,bee*+1 ,m4,a41 ,canon ( ,we/m9/]4 ,a ,,day ,,book ,,f ,,! ,,sa9ts ,,& ,,fa!rs4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,h4 ,burn1 ,b4,d4 ,,heav5ly ,,wisdom4 ,a ,selection f ! ,engli% ,my/ics4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,c4 ,gregory4 ,,light1 ,,life1 ,,& ,,love4 ,a ,selection f ! ,g]man ,my/ics4 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,r4 ,+e1 ,m4,a4 ,illu/rat$ ,pocket ,libr>y ( ,pla9 & ,col\r$ ,books1 ,! ,fcap4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 net to #ds4 #f;d4 net ea* volume4 ,a s]ies1 9 small =m1 ( "s ( ! fam\s illu/rat$ books ( fiction & g5]al lit]ature4 ,^! are fai?fully repr9t$ f ! fir/ or be/ editions )\t introduction or notes4 ,,col\r$ ,,books ,,! ,,life ,,& ,,dea? ,,( ,,john ,,mytton1 ,,esq4 ,by ,nimrod4 ,) #ah ,col\r$ ,plates by ,h5ry ,alk5 & ,t4 ,j4 ,rawl9s4 ,?ird ,edition4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,a ,,sportsman4 ,by ,nimrod4 ,) #ce ,col\r$ ,plates by ,h5ry ,alk54 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,,h&ley ,,cross4 ,by ,r4 ,s4 ,surtees4 ,) #ag ,col\r$ ,plates & #ajj ,woodcuts 9 ! ,text by ,john ,lee*4 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,,mr4 ,,sponge',s ,,sport+ ,,t\r4 ,by ,r4 ,s4 ,surtees4 ,) #ac ,col\r$ ,plates & #ij ,woodcuts 9 ! ,text by ,john ,lee*4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,,jorrocks' ,,jaunts1 ,,& ,,jollities4 ,by ,r4 ,s4 ,surtees4 ,) #ae ,col\r$ ,plates by ,h4 ,alk54 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,?is volume is repr9t$ f ! extremely r>e & co/ly edition ( #ahdc1 :i* conta9s ,alk5's v f9e illu/rations in/ead ( ! usual ones by ,phiz4 ,,ask ,,mamma4 ,by ,r4 ,s4 ,surtees4 ,) #ac ,col\r$ ,plates & #gj ,woodcuts 9 ! ,text by ,john ,lee*4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,,! ,,analysis ,,( ,,! ,,hunt+ ,,field4 ,by ,r4 ,s4 ,surtees4 ,) #g ,col\r$ ,plates by ,h5ry ,alk51 & #dc ,illu/rations on ,wood4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,! ,,t\r ,,( ,,dr4 ,,syntax ,,9 ,,se>* ,,( ,,! ,,picturesque4 ,by ,william ,combe4 ,) #cj ,col\r$ ,plates by ,t4 ,r[l&son4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,,! ,,t\r ,,( ,,doctor ,,syntax ,,9 ,,se>* ,,( ,,consolation4 ,by ,william ,combe4 ,) #bd ,col\r$ ,plates by ,t4 ,r[l&son4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,,! ,,?ird ,,t\r ,,( ,,doctor ,,syntax ,,9 ,,se>* ,,( ,a ,,wife4 ,by ,william ,combe4 ,) #bd ,col\r$ ,plates by ,t4 ,r[l&son4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,johnny ,,quae ,,g5us3 ! ,little ,f\ndl+ ( ! late ,dr4 ,syntax4 ,by ! ,au?or ( #8,! ,?ree ,t\rs4' ,) #bd ,col\r$ ,plates by ,r[l&son4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 #ajj copies on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #bas4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,dance ,,( ,,dea?1 f ! ,designs ( ,t4 ,r[l&son1 ) ,metrical ,illu/rations by ! ,au?or ( #8,doctor ,syntax4' ,two ,volumes1 #is4 net4 ,?is book conta9s #gf ,col\r$ ,plates4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,,! ,,dance ,,( ,,life3 ,a ,poem4 ,by ! ,au?or ( #8,doctor ,syntax4' ,illu/rat$ ) #bf ,col\r$ ,engrav+s by ,t4 ,r[l&son4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,,life ,,9 ,,london3 or1 ! ,day & ,night ,sc5es ( ,j]ry ,haw?orn1 ,esq41 & 8 ,elegant ,fri5d1 ,cor9?ian ,tom4 ,by ,pi]ce ,egan4 ,) #cf ,col\r$ ,plates by ,i4 ,r4 & ,g4 ,cruik%ank4 ,) num]\s ,designs on ,wood4 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,,real ,,life ,,9 ,,london3 or1 ! ,rambles & ,adv5tures ( ,bob ,tallyho1 ,esq41 & 8 ,c\s91 ,! ,hon4 ,tom ,da%all4 ,by an ,amateur 7,pi]ce ,egan74 ,) #ca ,col\r$ ,plates by ,alk5 & ,r[l&son1 etc4 ,two ,volumes4 #is4 net4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,an ,,actor4 ,by ,pi]ce ,egan4 ,) #bg ,col\r$ ,plates by ,!odore ,lane1 & sev]al ,designs on ,wood4 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,,! ,,vic> ,,( ,,wakefield4 ,by ,oliv] ,goldsmi?4 ,) #bd ,col\r$ ,plates by ,t4 ,r[l&son4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs net4 ,a reproduction ( a v r>e book4 ,,! ,,milit>y ,,adv5tures ,,( ,,johnny ,,newcome4 ,by an ,(fic]4 ,) #ae ,col\r$ ,plates by ,t4 ,r[l&son4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,! ,,national ,,sports ,,( ,,great ,,brita94 ,) ,descriptions & #ea ,col\r$ ,plates by ,h5ry ,alk54 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]4 #cjs4 net4 ,?is book is completely diff]5t f ! l>ge folio edition ( #8,national ,sports' by ! same arti/1 & none ( ! plates are simil>4 ,,! ,,adv5tures ,,( ,a ,,po/ ,,capta94 ,by ,a ,naval ,(fic]4 ,) #bd ,col\r$ ,plates by ,mr4 ,williams4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,gamonia3 or1 ! ,art ( ,pres]v+ ,game2 & an ,improv$ ,me?od ( mak+ ,plantations & ,cov]s1 expla9$ & illu/rat$ by ,lawr5ce ,raw/orne1 ,esq4 ,) #ae ,col\r$ ,plates by ,t4 ,rawl9s4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,an ,,academy ,,= ,,gr[n ,,horsem53 ,conta9+ ! complete/ ,in/ructions = ,walk+1 ,trott+1 ,cant]+1 ,gallop+1 ,/umbl+1 & ,tumbl+4 ,illu/rat$ ) #bg ,col\r$ ,plates1 & adorn$ ) a ,portrait ( ! ,au?or4 ,by ,ge(frey ,gambado1 ,esq4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,real ,,life ,,9 ,,irel&1 or ! ,day & ,night ,sc5es ( ,brian ,boru1 ,esq41 & 8 ,elegant ,fri5d1 ,sir ,%awn ,o',dogh]ty4 ,by a ,real ,paddy4 ,) #ai ,col\r$ ,plates by ,hea?s1 ,m>ks1 etc4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,! ,,adv5tures ,,( ,,johnny ,,newcome ,,9 ,,! ,,navy4 ,by ,alfr$ ,burton4 ,) #af ,col\r$ ,plates by ,t4 ,r[l&son4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,pla9 ,,books ,,! ,,grave3 ,a ,poem4 ,by ,rob]t ,blair4 ,illu/rat$ by #ab ,et*+s execut$ by ,l\is ,s*iavonetti f ! ,orig9al ,inv5tions ( ,william ,blake4 ,) an ,engrav$ ,title ,page & a ,portrait ( ,blake by ,t4 ,phillips1 ,r4,a4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,! ,illu/rations are reproduc$ 9 photogravure4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]1 ) ,india pro(s & a duplicate set ( ! plates4 #aes4 net4 ,,illu/rations ,,( ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,job4 ,inv5t$ & engrav$ by ,william ,blake4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,^! fam\s ,illu/rations--#ba 9 numb]--are reproduc$ 9 photogravure4 ,also a limit$ edition on l>ge ,japanese pap]1 ) ,india pro(s & a duplicate set ( ! plates4 #aes4 net4 ,,sop',s ,,fables4 ,) #chj ,woodcuts by ,?omas ,bewick4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,w9dsor ,,ca/le4 ,by ,w4 ,h>rison ,a9swor?4 ,) #bb ,plates & #hg ,woodcuts 9 ! ,text by ,george ,cruik%ank4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,! ,,t[] ,,( ,,london4 ,by ,w4 ,h>rison ,a9swor?4 ,) #dj ,plates & #eh ,woodcuts 9 ! ,text by ,george ,cruik%ank4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,frank ,,fairlegh4 ,by ,f4 ,e4 ,sm$ley4 ,) #cj ,plates by ,george ,cruik%ank4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,h&y ,,&y4 ,by ,samuel ,lov]4 ,) #bd ,illu/rations by ! ,au?or4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,! ,,compleat ,,angl]4 ,by ,izaak ,walton & ,*>les ,cotton4 ,) #ad ,plates & #gg ,woodcuts 9 ! ,text4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,?is volume is reproduc$ f ! beautiful edition ( ,john ,major ( #ahbd4 ,,! ,,pickwick ,,pap]s4 ,by ,*>les ,dick5s4 ,) ! #dc ,illu/rations by ,seym\r & ,phiz4 ! two ,buss ,plates1 & ! #cb ,contempor>y ,on:yn ,plates4 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,junior ,exam9ation ,s]ies ,edit$ by ,a4 ,m4 ,m4 ,,/$man1 ,m4,a4 ,fcap4 #hvo4 #as4 ,,junior ,,fr5* ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,by ,f4 ,jacob1 ,b4,a4 ,,junior ,,lat9 ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,second ,edition4 ,by ,c4 ,g4 ,bott+1 ,m4,a4 ,,junior ,,engli% ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,by ,w4 ,williamson1 ,b4,a4 ,,junior ,,ari?metic ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,by ,w4 ,s4 ,be>d4 ,second ,edition4 ,,junior ,,algebra ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,by ,s4 ,w4 ,f9n1 ,m4,a4 ,,junior ,,greek ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,by ,t4 ,c4 ,wea!rhead1 ,m4,a4 ,,junior ,,g5]al ,,in=mation ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,by ,w4 ,s4 ,be>d4 ,,junior ,,geography ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,by ,w4 ,g4 ,bak]1 ,m4,a4 ,,junior ,,g]man ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,by ,a4 ,voegel91 ,m4,a4 ,junior ,s*ool ,books1 ,me?u5's ,edit$ by ,o4 ,d4 ,,inskip1 ,,ll4,d41 & ,w4 ,,williamson1 ,b4,a4 ,a ,,class-,,book ,,( ,,dictation ,,passages4 ,by ,w4 ,williamson1 ,b4,a4 ,eigh? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,gospel ,,accord+ ,,to ,,/4 ,,mat!w4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,wilton ,s\?1 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,gospel ,,accord+ ,,to ,,/4 ,,m>k4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,e4 ,rubie1 ,m4,a41 ,headma/] ( ,college1 ,el?am4 ,) ,?ree ,maps4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,a ,,junior ,,engli% ,,gramm>4 ,by ,w4 ,williamson1 ,b4,a4 ,) num]\s passages = p>s+ & analysis1 & a *apt] on essay writ+4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,a ,,junior ,,*emi/ry4 ,by ,e4 ,a4 ,tyl]1 ,b4,a41 ,f4,c4,s41 ,sci5ce ,ma/] at ,swansea ,gramm> ,s*ool4 ,) #gc ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,acts ,,( ,,! ,,apo/les4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,e4 ,rubie1 ,m4,a41 ,headma/] ( ,college1 ,el?am4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,book ,,( ,,k+s4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,e4 ,rubie1 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,a ,,junior ,,fr5* ,,gramm>4 ,by ,l4 ,a4 ,sornet & ,m4 ,j4 ,acatos1 ,mod]n ,language ,ma/]s at ,k+ ,edw>d's ,s*ool1 ,birm+ham4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #bs4 ,,elem5t>y ,,exp]im5tal ,,sci5ce4 ,,physics by ,w4 ,t4 ,cl\gh1 ,a4,r4,c4,s4 ,,*emi/ry by ,a4 ,e4 ,dun/an4 ,b4,sc4 ,) #b ,plates & #aed ,diagrams4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,a ,,junior ,,geometry4 ,by ,noel ,s4 ,lydon4 ,) #bci ,diagrams4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,lead]s ( ,religion ,edit$ by ,h4 ,c4 ,,bee*+1 ,m4,a41 ,canon ( ,we/m9/]4 ,) ,portraits4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a s]ies ( %ort biographies ( ! mo/ prom95t lead]s ( religi\s life & ?\ght ( all ages & c\ntries4 ,,c>d9al ,,newman4 ,by ,r4 ,h4 ,hutton4 ,,john ,,wesley4 ,by ,j4 ,h4 ,ov]ton1 ,m4,a4 ,,bi%op ,,wilb]=ce4 ,by ,g4 ,w4 ,daniell1 ,m4,a4 ,,c>d9al ,,mann+4 ,by ,a4 ,w4 ,hutton1 ,m4,a4 ,,*>les ,,simeon4 ,by ,h4 ,c4 ,g4 ,m\le1 ,d4,d4 ,,john ,,keble4 ,by ,walt] ,lock1 ,d4,d4 ,,?omas ,,*alm]s4 ,by ,mrs4 ,oliphant4 ,,lancelot ,,&rewes4 ,by ,r4 ,l4 ,ottley1 ,m4,a4 ,,augu/9e ,,( ,,cant]bury4 ,by ,e4 ,l4 ,cutts1 ,d4,d4 ,,william ,,laud4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,hutton1 ,m4,a4 ,,john ,,knox4 ,by ,f4 ,mac,cunn4 ,,john ,,h[e4 ,by ,r4 ,f4 ,horton1 ,d4,d4 ,,bi%op ,,k54 ,by ,f4 ,a4 ,cl>ke1 ,m4,a4 ,,george ,,fox1 ,,! ,,quak]4 ,by ,t4 ,hodgk9 ,d4,c4,l4 ,,john ,,donne4 ,by ,augu/us ,jessopp1 ,d4,d4 ,,?omas ,,cranm]4 ,by ,a4 ,j4 ,mason1 ,d4,d4 ,,bi%op ,,latim]4 ,by ,r4 ,m4 ,c>lyle & ,a4 ,j4 ,c>lyle1 ,m4,a4 ,,bi%op ,,butl]4 ,by ,w4 ,a4 ,spoon]1 ,m4,a4 ,little ,biographies ,fcap4 #hvo4 ,ea* volume1 clo?1 #cs4 #f;d42 lea!r1 #ds4 net4 ,,dante ,,alighi]i4 ,by ,paget ,toynbee1 ,m4,a4 ,d4,litt4 ,) #ab illu/rations4 ,second ,edition4 ,,savon>ola4 ,by ,e4 ,l4 ,s4 ,horsburgh1 ,m4,a4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,second ,edition4 ,,john ,,h[>d4 ,by ,e4 ,c4 ,s4 ,gibson1 ,d4,d41 ,vic> ( ,le$s4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,,t5nyson4 ,by ,a4 ,c4 ,b5son1 ,m4,a4 ,) #i ,illu/rations4 ,,walt] ,,raleigh4 ,by ,j4 ,a4 ,taylor4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,,erasmus4 ,by ,e4 ,f4 ,h4 ,capey4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,,! ,,"y ,,pret5d]4 ,by ,c4 ,s4 ,t]ry4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,,rob]t ,,burns4 ,by ,t4 ,f4 ,h5d]son4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,,*a?am4 ,by ,a4 ,s4 ,m',d[all4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,,/4 ,,francis ,,( ,,assisi4 ,by ,anna ,m4 ,/odd>t4 ,) #af ,illu/rations4 ,,cann+4 ,by ,w4 ,a4 ,phillips4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,,beaconsfield4 ,by ,walt] ,si*el4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,,goe!4 ,by ,h4 ,g4 ,atk9s4 ,) #ab ,illu/rations4 ,little ,blue ,books1 ,! ,g5]al ,editor1 ,e4 ,v4 ,,lucas4 ,illu/rat$4 ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 #a4 ,,! ,,ca/aways ,,( ,,mead[bank4 ,by ,t4 ,cobb4 #b4 ,,! ,,bee*nut ,,book4 ,by ,jacob ,abbott4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,v4 ,lucas4 #c4 ,,! ,,air ,,gun4 ,by ,t4 ,hilb]t4 #d4 ,a ,,s*ool ,,ye>4 ,by ,netta ,syrett4 #e4 ,,! ,,peeles ,,at ,,! ,,capital4 ,by ,rog] ,a%ton4 #f4 ,,! ,,treasure ,,( ,,pr9cegate ,,priory4 ,by ,t4 ,cobb4 #g4 ,,mrs4 ,,b>b]ry',s ,,g5]al ,,%op4 ,by ,rog] ,a%ton4 #h4 ,a ,,book ,,( ,,bad ,,*ildr54 ,by ,w4 ,t4 ,webb4 #i4 ,,! ,,lo/ ,,ball4 ,by ,?omas ,cobb4 ,little ,books on ,art ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,greek ,,art4 ,h4 ,b4 ,walt]s4 ,,bookplates4 ,e4 ,almack4 ,,reynolds4 ,j4 ,sime4 ,,romney4 ,george ,pa/on4 ,,watts4 ,miss ,r4 ,e4 ,d4 ,sket*ley4 ,,leighton4 ,alice ,corkran4 ,,velasquez4 ,wilfrid ,wilb]=ce & ,a4 ,r4 ,gilb]t4 ,,greuze ,,& ,,b\*]4 ,eliza ,f4 ,poll>d4 ,,v&yck4 ,m4 ,g4 ,smallwood4 ,,turn]4 ,f4 ,tyrell-,gill4 ,,dur]4 ,jessie ,all54 ,,hoppn]4 ,h4 ,p4 ,k4 ,skipton4 ,,holbe94 ,mrs4 ,g4 ,=tescue4 ,,millet4 ,miss ,n4 ,peacock4 ,,burne-,,jones4 ,miss ,f4 de ,lisle4 ,,rembr&t4 ,mrs4 ,e4 ,a4 ,%>p4 ,,corot4 ,alice ,poll>d & ,e!l ,birn/+l4 ,little ,gall]ies1 ,! ,demy #afmo4 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,a ,,little ,,gall]y ,,( ,,reynolds4 ,a ,,little ,,gall]y ,,( ,,romney4 ,a ,,little ,,gall]y ,,( ,,hoppn]4 ,a ,,little ,,gall]y ,,( ,,millais4 ,a ,,little ,,gall]y ,,( ,,engli% ,,poets4 ,little ,guides1 ,! ,small ,pott #hvo1 clo?1 #cs42 lea!r1 #cs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,ox=d ,,& ,,its ,,colleges4 ,by ,j4 ,wells1 ,m4,a4 ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,new4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,,cambridge ,,& ,,its ,,colleges4 ,by ,a4 ,hamilton ,?ompson4 ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,new4 ,,! ,,malv]n ,,c\ntry4 ,by ,b4 ,c4 ,a4 ,w9dle1 ,d4,sc41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,new4 ,,%akespe>e',s ,,c\ntry4 ,by ,b4 ,c4 ,a4 ,w9dle1 ,d4,sc41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,new4 ,second ,edition4 ,,sussex4 ,by ,f4 ,g4 ,brabant1 ,m4,a4 ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,new4 ,,we/m9/] ,,abbey4 ,by ,g4 ,e4 ,tr\tbeck4 ,illu/rat$ by ,f4 ,d4 ,b$=d4 ,,norfolk4 ,by ,w4 ,a4 ,dutt4 ,illu/rat$ by ,b4 ,c4 ,b\lt]4 ,,cornwall4 ,by ,a4 ,l4 ,salmon4 ,illu/rat$ by ,b4 ,c4 ,b\lt]4 ,,brittany4 ,by ,s4 ,b>+-,g\ld4 ,illu/rat$ by ,j4 ,wylie4 ,,h]t=d%ire4 ,by ,h4 ,w4 ,tompk9s1 ,f4,r4,h4,s4 ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,new4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,lakes4 ,by ,f4 ,g4 ,brabant1 ,m4,a4 ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,new4 #ds42 lea!r1 #ds4 #f;d4 net4 ,,k5t4 ,by ,g4 ,cl9*4 ,illu/rat$ by ,f4 ,d4 ,b$=d4 ,,rome4 ,by ,c4 ,g4 ,ellaby4 ,illu/rat$ by ,b4 ,c4 ,b\lt]4 ,,! ,,isle ,,( ,,wight4 ,by ,g4 ,cl9*4 ,illu/rat$ by ,f4 ,d4 ,b$=d4 ,,surrey4 ,by ,f4 ,a4 ,h4 ,lamb]t4 ,illu/rat$ by ,e4 ,h4 ,new4 ,,buck+ham%ire4 ,by ,e4 ,s4 ,roscoe4 ,illu/rat$ by ,f4 ,d4 ,b$=d4 ,,suffolk4 ,by ,w4 ,a4 ,dutt4 ,illu/rat$ by ,j4 ,wylie4 ,,d]by%ire4 ,by ,j4 ,*>les ,cox1 ,,ll4,d41 ,f4,s4,a4 ,illu/rat$ by ,j4 ,c4 ,wall4 ,,! ,,nor? ,,rid+ ,,( ,,york%ire4 ,by ,j4 ,e4 ,morris4 ,illu/rat$ by ,r4 ,j4 ,s4 ,b]tram4 ,,hamp%ire4 ,by ,j4 ,c4 ,cox4 ,illu/rat$ by ,m4 ,e4 ,purs]4 ,,sicily4 ,by ,f4 ,h4 ,jackson4 ,) _m ,illu/rations by ! ,au?or4 ,little ,libr>y1 ,! ,) ,introductions1 ,notes1 & ,photogravure ,frontispieces4 ,small ,pott #hvo4 ,ea* ,volume1 clo?1 #as4 #f;d4 net2 lea!r1 #bs4 #f;d4 net4 ,,vanity ,,fair4 ,by ,w4 ,m4 ,?ack]ay4 ,edit$ by ,s4 ,gwynn4 ,?ree ,volumes4 ,,p5d5nis4 ,by ,w4 ,m4 ,?ack]ay4 ,edit$ by ,s4 ,gwynn4 ,?ree ,volumes4 ,,esmond4 ,by ,w4 ,m4 ,?ack]ay4 ,edit$ by ,s4 ,gwynn4 ,,*ri/mas ,,books4 ,by ,w4 ,m4 ,?ack]ay4 ,edit$ by ,s4 ,gwynn4 ,,selections ,,f ,,george ,,crabbe4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,c4 ,deane4 ,,john ,,halifax1 ,,g5tleman4 ,by ,mrs4 ,craik4 ,edit$ by ,annie ,ma!son4 ,two ,volumes4 ,,pride ,,& ,,prejudice4 ,by ,jane ,au/54 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,v4 ,lucas4 ,two ,volumes4 ,,nor?ang] ,,abbey4 ,by ,jane ,au/54 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,v4 ,lucas4 ,,! ,,pr9cess4 ,by ,alfr$1 ,"l ,t5nyson4 ,edit$ by ,elizabe? ,wordswor?4 ,,maud4 ,by ,alfr$1 ,"l ,t5nyson4 ,edit$ by ,elizabe? ,wordswor?4 ,,9 ,,memoriam4 ,by ,alfr$1 ,"l ,t5nyson4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,c4 ,bee*+1 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,e>ly ,,poems ,,( ,,alfr$1 ,,"l ,,t5nyson4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,c4 ,coll9s1 ,m4,a4 ,a ,,little ,,book ,,( ,,engli% ,,lyrics4 ,) ,notes4 ,,! ,,inf]no ,,( ,,dante4 ,translat$ by ,h4 ,f4 ,c>y4 ,edit$ by ,paget ,toynbee1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,litt4 ,,! ,,purgatorio ,,( ,,dante4 ,translat$ by ,h4 ,f4 ,c>y4 ,edit$ by ,paget ,toynbee1 ,m4,a41 ,d4,litt4 ,,! ,,p>adiso ,,( ,,dante4 ,translat$ by ,h4 ,f4 ,c>y4 ,edit$ by ,paget ,toynbee4 ,m4,a41 ,d4,litt4 ,a ,,little ,,book ,,( ,,scotti% ,,v]se4 ,edit$ by ,t4 ,f4 ,h5d]son4 ,a ,,little ,,book ,,( ,,light ,,v]se4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,c4 ,deane4 ,a ,,little ,,book ,,( ,,engli% ,,sonnets4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,b4 ,b4 ,ni*ols4 ,,poems4 ,by ,john ,keats4 ,) an ,introduction by ,l4 ,b9yon1 & ,notes by ,j4 ,masefield4 ,a complete ,edition4 ,,! ,,m9or ,,poems ,,( ,,john ,,milton4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,c4 ,bee*+1 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,poems ,,( ,,h5ry ,,vaughan4 ,edit$ by ,edw>d ,hutton4 ,,selections ,,f ,,wordswor?4 ,edit$ by ,n[ell ,c4 ,smi?4 ,,selections ,,f ,,! ,,e>ly ,,poems ,,( ,,rob]t ,,br[n+4 ,edit$ by ,w4 ,hall ,griff91 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,poems ,,( ,,ri*>d ,,cra%aw4 ,edit$ by ,edw>d ,hutton4 ,,selections ,,f ,,william ,,blake4 ,edit$ by ,m4 ,p]ug9i4 ,,selections ,,f ,,! ,,poems ,,( ,,george ,,d>ley4 ,edit$ by ,r4 ,a4 ,/reatfeild4 ,,lyrical ,,ballads4 ,by ,w4 ,wordswor? & ,s4 ,t4 ,col]idge4 ,edit$ by ,george ,sampson4 ,,selections ,,f ,,longfell[4 ,edit$ by ,lilian ,m4 ,fai?full4 ,,selections ,,f ,,! ,,anti-,,jacob92 ) ,george ,cann+'s additional ,poems4 ,edit$ by ,lloyd ,s&]s4 ,,! ,,poems ,,( ,,&rew ,,m>vell4 ,edit$ by ,edw>d ,wright4 ,a ,,little ,,book ,,( ,,life ,,& ,,dea?4 ,edit$ by ,mrs4 ,alfr$ ,wat]h\se4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,a ,,little ,,book ,,( ,,engli% ,,prose4 ,edit$ by ,mrs4 ,p4 ,a4 ,b>nett4 ,,eo!n4 ,by ,a4 ,w4 ,k+lake4 ,) an ,introduction & ,notes4 ,,cran=d4 ,by ,mrs4 ,gaskell4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,v4 ,lucas4 ,,lav5gro4 ,by ,george ,borr[4 ,edit$ by ,f4 ,h9des ,groome4 ,two ,volumes4 ,,! ,,romany ,,rye4 ,by ,george ,borr[4 ,edit$ by ,john ,simpson4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,caliph ,,va!k4 ,by ,william ,beck=d4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,d5ison ,ross4 ,,! ,,compleat ,,angl]4 ,by ,izaak ,walton4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,bu*an4 ,,m>riage4 ,by ,susan ,f]ri]4 ,edit$ by ,miss ,goodri*-,fre] & ,"l ,iddesleigh4 ,two ,volumes4 ,,! ,,inh]itance4 ,by ,susan ,f]ri]4 ,edit$ by ,miss ,goodri*-,fre] & ,"l ,iddesleigh4 ,two ,volumes4 ,,elia1 ,,& ,,! ,,la/ ,,essays ,,( ,,elia4 ,by ,*>les ,lamb4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,v4 ,lucas4 ,,! ,,essays ,,( ,,abraham ,,c[ley4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,c4 ,m9*94 ,,! ,,essays ,,( ,,francis ,,bacon4 ,edit$ by ,edw>d ,wright4 ,,! ,,maxims ,,( ,,la ,,ro*ef\cauld4 ,translat$ by ,dean ,/anhope4 ,edit$ by ,g4 ,h4 ,p[ell4 ,a ,,s5tim5tal ,,j\rney4 ,by ,laur5ce ,/]ne4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,w4 ,paul4 ,,mansie ,,wau*4 ,by ,d4 ,m4 ,moir4 ,edit$ by ,t4 ,f4 ,h5d]son4 ,,! ,,+oldsby ,,leg5ds4 ,by ,r4 ,h4 ,b>ham4 ,edit$ by ,j4 ,b4 ,atlay4 ,two ,volumes4 ,,! ,,sc>let ,,lett]4 ,by ,na?aniel ,haw?orne4 ,edit$ by ,p4 ,de>m]4 ,,reject$ ,,addresses4 ,by ,horace & ,james ,smi?4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,d4 ,godley1 ,m4,a4 ,,london ,,lyrics4 ,by ,f4 ,lock]4 ,edit$ by ,a4 ,d4 ,godley1 ,m4,a4 ,a repr9t ( ! ,fir/ ,edition4 ,m9iature ,libr>y1 ,me?u5's ,,euphranor3 a ,dialogue on ,y\?4 ,by ,edw>d ,fitz,gerald4 ,f ! edition publi%$ by ,w4 ,pick]+ 9 #ahea4 ,demy #cbmo4 ,lea!r1 #bs4 net4 ,,polonius3 or ,wise ,saws & ,mod]n ,in/ances4 ,by ,edw>d ,fitz,gerald4 ,f ! edition publi%$ by ,w4 ,pick]+ 9 #aheb4 ,demy #cbmo4 ,lea!r1 #bs4 net4 ,,! ,,rubaiyat ,,( ,,om> ,,khayy,m4 ,by ,edw>d ,fitz,gerald4 ,f ! #a/ edition ( #ahei4 ,second ,edition4 ,lea!r1 #as4 net4 ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,edw>d1 ,,"l ,,h]b]t ,,( ,,*]bury4 ,writt5 by himself4 ,f ! edition pr9t$ at ,/rawb]ry ,hill 9 ! ye> #agfd4 ,m$ium #cbmo4 ,lea!r1 #bs4 net4 ,,! ,,visions ,,( ,,dom ,,francisco ,,de ,,quev$o ,,villegas1 ,knight ( ! ,ord] ( ,/4 ,james4 ,made ,engli% by ,r4 ,l4 ,f ! edition pr9t$ = ,h4 ,h]r+man1 #affh4 ,lea!r1 #bs4 net4 ,,poems4 ,by ,dora ,gre5well4 ,f ! edition ( #ahdh4 ,lea!r1 #bs4 net4 ,s*ool ,exam9ation ,s]ies ,edit$ by ,a4 ,m4 ,m4 ,,/$man1 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,fr5* ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,by ,a4 ,m4 ,m4 ,/$man1 ,m4,a4 ,twelf? ,edition4 ,a ,,key1 issu$ to ,tutors & ,private ,/ud5ts only1 to be _h on application to ! ,publi%]s4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 net4 ,,lat9 ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,by ,a4 ,m4 ,m4 ,/$man1 ,m4,a4 ,twelf? ,edition4 ,,key 7,f\r? ,edition7 issu$ z above4 #fs4 net4 ,,greek ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,by ,a4 ,m4 ,m4 ,/$man1 ,m4,a4 ,sev5? ,edition4 ,,key 7,second ,edition7 issu$ z above4 #fs4 net4 ,,g]man ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,by ,r4 ,j4 ,mori*4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,,key 7,second ,edition7 issu$ z above4 #fs4 net4 ,,hi/ory ,,& ,,geography ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,by ,c4 ,h4 ,sp5ce1 ,m4,a41 ,clifton ,college4 ,second ,edition4 ,,physics ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,by ,r4 ,e4 ,/eel1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,c4,s4 ,,g5]al ,,k ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s4 ,by ,a4 ,m4 ,m4 ,/$man1 ,m4,a4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,,key 7,?ird ,edition7 issu$ z above4 #gs4 net4 ,,exam9ation ,,pap]s ,,9 ,,engli% ,,hi/ory4 ,by ,j4 ,tait ,pl[d5-,w>dlaw1 ,b4,a4 ,social ,que/ions ( ,to-day ,edit$ by ,h4 ,,de ,b4 ,,gibb9s1 ,litt4,d41 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,trade ,,unionism--,,new ,,& ,,old4 ,by ,g4 ,h[ell4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,,! ,,co-,,op]ative ,,movem5t ,,to-,,day4 ,by ,g4 ,j4 ,holyoake4 ,second ,edition4 ,,problems ,,( ,,pov]ty4 ,by ,j4 ,a4 ,hobson1 ,m4,a4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,,! ,,comm]ce ,,( ,,nations4 ,by ,c4 ,f4 ,ba/able1 ,m4,a4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,,! ,,ali5 ,,invasion4 ,by ,w4 ,h4 ,wilk9s1 ,b4,a4 ,,! ,,rural ,,exodus4 ,by ,p4 ,&]son ,graham4 ,,l& ,,nationalization4 ,by ,h>old ,cox1 ,b4,a4 ,a ,,%ort] ,,work+ ,,day4 ,by ,h4 de ,b4 ,gibb9s & ,r4 ,a4 ,hadfield4 ,,back ,,to ,,! ,,l&3 ,an ,inquiry into ,rural ,depopulation4 ,by ,h4 ,e4 ,moore4 ,,tru/s1 ,,pools1 ,,& ,,corn]s4 ,by ,j4 ,/eph5 ,jeans4 ,,! ,,factory ,,sy/em4 ,by ,r4 ,w4 ,cooke-,taylor4 ,,! ,,/ate ,,& ,,its ,,*ildr54 ,by ,g]trude ,tuckwell4 ,,wom5',s ,,"w4 ,by ,lady ,dilke1 ,miss ,bulley1 & ,miss ,:itley4 ,,socialism ,,& ,,mod]n ,,?\ght4 ,by ,m4 ,kauffmann4 ,,! ,,h\s+ ,,( ,,! ,,work+ ,,classes4 ,by ,e4 ,b[mak]4 ,,! ,,problem ,,( ,,! ,,unemploy$4 ,by ,j4 ,a4 ,hobson1 ,m4,a4 ,,life ,,9 ,,we/ ,,london4 ,by ,ar?ur ,%]well1 ,m4,a4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,,railway ,,nationalization4 ,by ,clem5t ,edw>ds4 ,,workh\ses ,,& ,,paup]ism4 ,by ,l\isa ,tw9+4 ,,univ]sity ,,& ,,social ,,settlem5ts4 ,by ,w4 ,reason1 ,m4,a4 ,te*nology1 ,textbooks ( ,edit$ by ,,pr(essor ,j4 ,,w]!im]1 ,f4,i4,c4 ,fully ,illu/rat$4 ,,h[ ,,to ,,make ,a ,,dress4 ,by ,j4 ,a4 ,e4 ,wood4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 #f;d4 ,,c>p5try ,,& ,,jo9]y4 ,by ,f4 ,c4 ,webb]4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,practical ,,me*anics4 ,by ,sidney ,h4 ,wells4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,practical ,,physics4 ,by ,h4 ,/r\d1 ,d4,sc41 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,mill9]y1 ,,!oretical ,,& ,,practical4 ,by ,cl>e ,hill4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 ,,practical ,,*emi/ry4 ,by ,w4 ,fr5*1 ,m4,a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,"p ,i4 ,second ,edition1 #as4 #f;d4 ,"p ,,ii4 ,,te*nical ,,ari?metic ,,& ,,geometry4 ,by ,c4 ,t4 ,millis1 ,m4,i4,m4,e4 ,) ,diagrams4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,build]',s ,,quantities4 ,by ,h4 ,c4 ,grubb4 ,) _m ,illu/rations4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,!ology1 ,h&books ( ,,! ,,xxxix4 ,,articles ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,engl&4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,c4 ,s4 ,gibson1 ,d4,d4 ,?ird & ,*eap] ,edition 9 ,"o ,volume4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,religion4 ,by ,f4 ,b4 ,jevons1 ,m4,a41 ,litt4,d4 ,second ,edition4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,doctr9e ,,( ,,! ,,inc>nation4 ,by ,r4 ,l4 ,ottley1 ,m4,a4 ,second & ,*eap] ,edition4 ,demy #hvo4 #abs4 #f;d4 ,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,cre$s4 ,by ,a4 ,e4 ,burn1 ,b4,d4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,religion ,,9 ,,engl& ,,& ,,am]ica4 ,by ,alfr$ ,caldecott1 ,d4,d4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,e>ly ,,*ri/ian ,,doctr9e4 ,by ,j4 ,f4 ,be?une-,bak]1 ,m4,a41 ,fell[ ( ,pembroke ,college1 ,cambridge4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,univ]sity ,ext5sion ,s]ies ,edit$ by ,j4 ,e4 ,,symes1 ,m4,a41 ,pr9cipal ( ,univ]sity ,college1 ,nott+ham4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,price 7) "s exceptions7 #bs4 #f;d4 ,a s]ies ( books on hi/orical1 lit]>y1 & sci5tific subjects1 suitable = ext5sion /ud5ts & home-read+ circles4 ,ea* volume is complete 9 itself1 & ! subjects are treat$ by compet5t writ]s 9 a broad & philosophic _s4 ,,! ,,indu/rial ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engl&4 ,by ,h4 de ,b4 ,gibb9s1 ,litt4,d41 ,m4,a4 ,t5? ,edition4 ,revis$4 ,) ,maps & ,plans4 #cs4 ,a ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,engli% ,,political ,,economy4 ,by ,l4 ,l4 ,price1 ,m4,a4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,,victorian ,,poets4 ,by ,a4 ,%>p4 ,,! ,,fr5* ,,revolution4 ,by ,j4 ,e4 ,symes1 ,m4,a4 ,,psy*ology4 ,by ,f4 ,s4 ,grang]1 ,m4,a4 ,second ,edition4 ,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,,plant ,,life3 ,l[] ,=ms4 ,by ,g4 ,massee4 ,illu/rat$4 ,,air ,,& ,,wat]4 ,by ,v4 ,b4 ,lewes1 ,m4,a4 ,illu/rat$4 ,,! ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,life ,,& ,,heal?4 ,by ,c4 ,w4 ,kimm9s1 ,m4,a4 ,illu/rat$4 ,,! ,,me*anics ,,( ,,daily ,,life4 ,by ,v4 ,p4 ,sells1 ,m4,a4 ,illu/rat$4 ,,engli% ,,social ,,re=m]s4 ,by ,h4 de ,b4 ,gibb9s1 ,litt4,d41 ,m4,a4 ,second ,edition4 ,,engli% ,,trade ,,& ,,f9ance ,,9 ,,! ,,sev5te5? ,,c5tury4 ,by ,w4 ,a4 ,s4 ,hew9s1 ,b4,a4 ,,! ,,*emi/ry ,,( ,,fire4 ,by ,m4 ,m4 ,pattison ,muir1 ,m4,a4 ,illu/rat$4 ,a ,,text-,,book ,,( ,,agricultural ,,botany4 ,by ,m4 ,c4 ,pott]1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,l4,s4 ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 #ds4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,vault ,,( ,,heav54 ,a ,popul> ,introduction to ,a/ronomy4 ,by ,r4 ,a4 ,gregory4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 ,,meteorology4 ,by ,h4 ,n4 ,dickson1 ,f4,r4,s4,e41 ,f4,r4 ,met4 ,soc4 ,illu/rat$4 ,a ,,manual ,,( ,,electrical ,,sci5ce4 ,by ,george ,j4 ,bur*1 ,m4,a41 ,f4,r4,s4 ,illu/rat$4 #cs4 ,,! ,,e>?4 ,an ,introduction to ,physiography4 ,by ,evan ,small1 ,m4,a4 ,illu/rat$4 ,,insect ,,life4 ,by ,f4 ,w4 ,!obald1 ,m4,a4 ,illu/rat$4 ,,engli% ,,poetry ,,f ,,blake ,,to ,,br[n+4 ,by ,w4 ,m4 ,dixon1 ,m4,a4 ,second ,edition4 ,,engli% ,,local ,,gov]nm5t4 ,by ,e4 ,j5ks1 ,m4,a4 ,,! ,,greek ,,view ,,( ,,life4 ,by ,g4 ,l4 ,dick9son4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,we/m9/]1 ,comm5t>ies ,! ,g5]al ,editor1 ,,walt] ,,lock1 ,d4,d41 ,w>d5 ( ,keble ,college1 ,dean ,irel&'s ,pr(essor ( ,exegesis 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d4 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,g5esis4 ,edit$ ) ,introduction & ,notes by ,s4 ,r4 ,driv]1 ,d4,d41 ,canon ( ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 & ,regius ,pr(essor ( ,hebrew at ,ox=d4 ,second ,edition4 ,demy #hvo4 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,book ,,( ,,job4 ,edit$ by ,e4 ,c4 ,s4 ,gibson1 ,d4,d4 ,demy #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,acts ,,( ,,! ,,apo/les4 ,edit$ by ,r4 ,b4 ,rackham1 ,m4,a4 ,demy #hvo4 ,second & ,*eap] ,edition1 #ajs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,fir/ ,,epi/le ,,( ,,paul ,,! ,,apo/le ,,to ,,! ,,cor9?ians4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,l4 ,g\dge1 ,m4,a4 ,demy #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,epi/le ,,( ,,/4 ,,james4 ,edit$ by ,r4 ,j4 ,kn[l+1 ,m4,a4 ,demy #hvo4 #fs4 ,,"p ,,ii4--,,fiction ,m>ie ,corelli's ,novels4 ,cr[n #hvo #fs4 ea*4 ,a ,,romance ,,( ,,two ,,worlds4 ,tw5ty-,f\r? ,edition4 ,,v5detta4 ,tw5tie? ,edition4 ,,!lma4 ,?irtie? ,edition4 ,,arda?3 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,a ,,dead ,,self4 ,fifte5? ,edition4 ,,! ,,s\l ,,( ,,lili?4 ,twelf? ,edition4 ,,wormwood4 ,?irte5? ,edition4 ,,b>abbas3 ,a ,,dream ,,( ,,! ,,_w',s ,,trag$y4 ,?irty-,n9? ,edition4 #8,! t5d] rev]5ce ( ! treatm5t & ! imag9ative beauty ( ! writ+ h reconcil$ u to ! d>+ ( ! conception4 ,?is 8,dream ( ! ,_w's ,trag$y0 is a l(ty & n inadequate p>aphrase ( ! supreme climax ( ! inspir$ n>rative4'--,dubl9 ,review4 ,,! ,,sorr[s ,,( ,,satan4 ,=ty-,eigh? ,edition4 #8,a v p[]ful piece ( "w4444 ,! conception is magnific5t1 & is likely to w9 an abid+ place )9 ! memory ( man4444 ,! au?or has imm5se comm& ( language1 & a limitless audacity4444 ,?is int]e/+ & rem>kable romance w live long aft] mu* ( ! ephem]al lit]ature ( ! day is =gott54444 ,a lit]>y ph5om5on 444 novel1 & ev5 sublime4' --,w4 ,t4 ,,/ead 9 ! ,review ( ,reviews4 ,,! ,,ma/] ,,*ri/ian4 #afe? ,?\s&4 #8,x _c be d5i$ t 8,! ,ma/] ,*ri/ian0 is a p[]ful book2 t x is "o likely to raise uncom=table que/ions 9 all b ! mo/ self-satisfi$ read]s1 & t x /rikes at ! root ( ! failure ( ! ,*ur*es--! decay ( fai?--9 a mann] :i* %[s ! inevitable disa/] heap+ up4444 ,! good ,c>d9al ,bonpr is a beautiful figure1 fit to /& beside ! good ,bi%op 9 8,les ,misrables40 ,x is a book ) a s]i\s purpose express$ ) absolute unconv5tionality & passion4444 ,& ?is is to say x is a book wor? read+4' --,exam9]4 ,,temporal ,,p[]3 ,a ,,/udy ,,9 ,,supremacy4 #aej? ,?\s&4 #8,x is impossible to read su* a "w z 8,temporal ,p[]0 )\t becom+ conv9c$ t ! /ory is int5d$ to convey c]ta9 criticisms on ! ways ( ! _w & c]ta9 sugge/ions = ! bett]m5t ( humanity4444 ,if ! *ief int5tion ( ! book 0 to hold ! mirror up to %>ds1 inju/ice1 di%one/y1 cruelty1 & neglect ( consci5ce1 no?+ b praise c be giv5 to t int5tion4'--,morn+ ,po/4 ,,god',s ,,good ,,man3 ,a ,,simple ,,love ,,/ory4 ,an?ony ,hope's ,novels4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ea*4 ,,! ,,god ,,9 ,,! ,,c>4 ,n9? ,edition4 #8,a v rem>kable book1 des]v+ ( critical analysis impossible )9 our limit2 brilliant1 b n sup]ficial2 well consid]$1 b n elaborat$2 con/ruct$ ) ! prov]bial art t conceals1 b yet all[s itself to be enjoy$ by read]s to :om f9e lit]>y me?od is a ke5 pleasure4'--,! ,_w4 ,a ,,*ange ,,( ,,air4 ,six? ,edition4 #8,a graceful1 vivaci\s com$y1 true to human nature4 ,! *>act]s are trac$ ) a ma/]ly h&4'--,times4 ,a ,,man ,,( ,,m>k4 ,fif? ,edition4 #8,( all ,mr4 ,hope's books1 8,a ,man ( ,m>k0 is ! "o :i* be/ comp>es ) 8,! ,prison] ( ,z5da0' --,national ,obs]v]4 ,,! ,,*ronicles ,,( ,,c\nt ,,antonio4 ,fif? ,edition4 #8,x is a p]fectly en*ant+ /ory ( love & *ivalry1 & pure romance4 ,! ,c\nt is ! mo/ con/ant1 desp]ate1 & mode/ & t5d] ( lov]s1 a pe]less g5tleman1 an intrepid fight]1 a fai?ful fri5d1 & a magnanim\s foe4'--,gu>dian4 ,,phroso4 ,illu/rat$ by ,h4 ,r4 ,,mill>4 ,six? ,edition4 #8,! tale is ?or\ghly fre%1 quick ) vitality1 /irr+ ! blood4'--,/4 ,james's ,gazette4 ,,simon ,,dale4 ,illu/rat$4 ,six? ,edition4 #8,!re is se>*+ analysis ( human nature1 ) a mo/ +5i\sly con/ruct$ plot4 ,mr4 ,hope has drawn ! contra/s ( 8 wom5 ) m>vell\s subtlety & delicacy4'--,times4 ,,! ,,k+',s ,,mirror4 ,f\r? ,edition4 #8,9 elegance1 delicacy1 & tact x ranks ) ! be/ ( 8 novels1 :ile 9 ! wide range ( its portraiture & ! subtilty ( its analysis x surpasses all 8 e>li] v5tures4'--,spectator4 ,,quisante4 ,f\r? ,edition4 #8,! book is notable = a v high lit]>y quality1 & an impress ( p[] & ma/]y on e page4' --,daily ,*ronicle4 ,,! ,,dolly ,,dialogues4 ,w4 ,w4 ,jacobs' ,novels ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,,_m ,,c>goes4 ,tw5ty-,sev5? ,edition4 ,,sea ,,ur*9s4 ,t5? ,edition4 ,a ,,ma/] ,,( ,,craft4 ,illu/rat$4 ,six? ,edition4 #8,c be unres]v$ly recomm5d$ to all :o h n lo/ _! appetite = :olesome laught]4'--,spectator4 #8,! be/ humor\s book publi%$ = _m a day4' --,black & ,:ite4 ,,light ,,freights4 ,illu/rat$4 ,f\r? ,edition4 #8,8 wit & hum\r are p]fectly irresi/ible4 ,mr4 ,jacobs writes ( skipp]s1 & mates1 & seam51 & 8 crew are ! jollie/ lot t ev] sail$4'--,daily ,news4 #8,laught] 9 e page4'--,daily ,mail4 ,lucas ,malet's ,novels ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ea*4 ,,colonel ,,end]by',s ,,wife4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,a ,,c\nsel ,,( ,,p]fection4 ,new ,edition4 ,,little ,,pet]4 ,second ,edition4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,wages ,,( ,,s94 ,f\rte5? ,edition4 ,,! ,,c>issima4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,,! ,,gateless ,,b>ri]4 ,f\r? ,edition4 #8,9 8,! ,gateless ,b>ri]0 x is at once evid5t t1 :il/ ,lucas ,malet has pres]v$ h] bir?right ( orig9ality1 ! arti/ry1 ! actual writ+1 is above ev5 ! high level ( ! books t 7 born be=e4'--,we/m9/] ,gazette4 ,,! ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,sir ,,ri*>d ,,calmady4 ,sev5? ,edition4 ,a ,limit$ ,edition 9 ,two ,volumes4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #abs4 #8,a picture f9ely & amply conceiv$4 ,9 ! /r5g? & insight 9 :i* ! /ory has be5 conceiv$1 9 ! weal? ( fancy & reflection be/[$ ^u its execution1 & 9 ! mov+ s9c]ity ( its pa?os ?r\gh\t1 8,sir ,ri*>d ,calmady0 mu/ rank z ! great novel ( a great writ]4'--,lit]ature4 #8,! ripe/ fruit ( ,lucas ,malet's g5ius4 ,a picture ( mat]nal love by turns t5d] & t]rible4'--,spectator4 #8,a rem>kably f9e book1 ) a noble motive & a s\nd conclusion4'--,pilot4 ,gilb]t ,p>k]'s ,novels ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ea*4 ,,pi]re ,,& ,,8 ,,p4 ,fif? ,edition4 #8,/ories happily conceiv$ & f9ely execut$4 ,!re is /r5g? & g5ius 9 ,mr4 ,p>k]'s /yle4' -- ,daily ,telegraph4 ,,mrs4 ,,fal*ion4 ,f\r? ,edition4 #8,a spl5did /udy ( "*4'--,a!num4 ,,! ,,translation ,,( ,a ,,savage4 ,second ,edition4 ,,! ,,trail ,,( ,,! ,,sword4 ,illu/rat$4 ,eigh? ,edition4 #8,a r\s+ & dramatic tale4 ,a book l ?is is a joy inexpressible4'--,daily ,*ronicle4 ,,:5 ,,valmond ,,came ,,to ,,pontiac3 ,! ,/ory ( a ,lo/ ,napoleon4 ,fif? ,edition4 #8,"h we f9d romance--real1 brea?+1 liv+ romance4 ,! "* ( ,valmond is drawn un]r+ly4' --,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,,an ,,adv5tur] ,,( ,,! ,,nor?3 ,! ,la/ ,adv5tures ( #8,pretty ,pi]re4' ,?ird ,edition4 #8,! pres5t book is full ( f9e & mov+ /ories ( ! great ,nor?4'--,glasg[ ,h]ald4 ,,! ,,seats ,,( ,,! ,,mighty4 ,illu/rat$4 ,?irte5? ,edition4 #8,mr4 ,p>k] has produc$ a really f9e hi/orical novel4'--,a!num4 #8,a great book4'--,black & ,:ite4 ,,! ,,battle ,,( ,,! ,,/rong3 a ,romance ( ,two ,k+doms4 ,illu/rat$4 ,f\r? ,edition4 #8,no?+ m vigor\s or m human has come f ,mr4 ,gilb]t ,p>k] ?an ?is novel4'--,lit]ature4 ,,! ,,pomp ,,( ,,! ,,lavilettes4 ,second ,edition4 #cs4 #f;d4 #8,un=c$ pa?os1 & a deep] k ( human nature ?an he has display$ be=e4'--,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,ar?ur ,morrison's ,novels ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ea*4 ,,tales ,,( ,,mean ,,/reets4 ,six? ,edition4 #8,a great book4 ,! au?or's me?od is amaz+ly effective1 & produces a ?rill+ s5se ( reality4 ,! writ] lays ^u u a ma/] h&4 ,! book is simply appall+ & irresi/ible 9 its int]e/4 ,x is humor\s also2 )\t hum\r x w\ld n make ! m>k x is c]ta9 to make4'--,_w4 ,a ,,*ild ,,( ,,! ,,jago4 ,f\r? ,editon4 #8,! book is a ma/]piece4'--,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,,to ,,london ,,t[n4 ,second ,edition4 #8,?is is ! new ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,morrison1 graci\s & t5d]1 sympa!tic & human4'--,daily ,telegraph4 ,,cunn+ ,,murrell4 #8,admirable4444 ,delightful humor\s relief 444 a mo/ arti/ic & satisfactory a*ievem5t4'--,spectator4 ,,! ,,hole ,,9 ,,! ,,wall4 ,?ird ,edition4 #8,a ma/]piece ( arti/ic realism4 ,x has a f9ality ( t\* t only a ma/] may comm&4' -- ,daily ,*ronicle4 #8,an absolute ma/]piece1 :i* any noveli/ might be pr\d to claim4'--,graphic4 #88,! ,hole 9 ! ,wall0 is a ma/]ly piece ( "w4 ,8 *>act]s are drawn ) amaz+ skill4 ,extraord9>y p[]4'--,daily ,telegraph4 ,ed5 ,phillpotts' ,novels ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ea*4 ,,ly+ ,,prophets4 ,,*ildr5 ,,( ,,! ,,mi/4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,,! ,,human ,,boy4 ,) a ,frontispiece4 ,f\r? ,edition4 #8,mr4 ,phillpotts kn[s exactly :at s*ool-boys d1 & c lay b>e _! inmo/ ?\ghts2 likewise he %[s an all-p]vad+ s5se ( hum\r4'--,academy4 ,,sons ,,( ,,! ,,morn+4 ,second ,edition4 #8,a book ( /range p[] & fasc9ation4'--,morn+ ,po/4 ,,! ,,/rik+ ,,h\rs4 ,second ,edition4 #8,trag$y & com$y1 pa?os & hum\r1 are bl5d$ to a nicety 9 ?is volume4'--,_w4 #8,! :ole book is r$ol5t ( a fre%] & ampl] air ?an brea!s 9 ! circumscrib$ life ( great t[ns4' --,spectator4 ,,! ,,riv]4 ,?ird ,edition4 #88,! ,riv]0 places ,mr4 ,phillpotts 9 ! front rank ( liv+ noveli/s4'--,pun*4 #8,s9ce 8,lorna ,doone0 we h _h no?+ s picturesque z ?is new romance4'--,birm+ham ,gazette4 #8,mr4 ,phillpotts's new book is a ma/]piece :i* br+s him indisputably into ! front rank ( ,engli% noveli/s4' --,pall ,mall ,gazette4 #8,?is great romance ( ! ,riv] ,d>t4 ,! f9e/ book ,mr4 ,ed5 ,phillpotts has writt54'--,morn+ ,po/4 ,,! ,,am]ican ,,prison]4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,s4 ,b>+-,g\ld's ,novels ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ea*4 ,,arm9ell4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,,uri?4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,,9 ,,! ,,ro> ,,( ,,! ,,sea4 ,sev5? ,edition4 ,,*eap ,,jack ,,zita4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,,m>g]y ,,( ,,que!r4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,,! ,,que5 ,,( ,,love4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,,jacquetta4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,,kitty ,,alone4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,,no,,mi4 ,illu/rat$4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,,! ,,broom-,,squire4 ,illu/rat$4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,,d>tmoor ,,idylls4 ,,! ,,p5nycomequicks4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,,guavas ,,! ,,t9n]4 ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 ,,bladys4 ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 ,,domitia4 ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 ,,pabo ,,! ,,prie/4 ,,w9ifr$4 ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 ,,! ,,frobi%]s4 ,,royal ,,georgie4 ,illu/rat$4 ,,miss ,,quillet4 ,illu/rat$4 ,,little ,,tu',,p5ny4 ,a ,new ,edition4 #f;d4 ,,*ris ,,( ,,all ,,sorts4 ,,9 ,,dewisl&4 ,rob]t ,b>r's ,novels ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ea*4 ,,9 ,,! ,,mid/ ,,( ,,al>ms4 ,?ird ,edition4 #8,a book :i* has abundantly satisfi$ u by its capital hum\r4'--,daily ,*ronicle4 ,,! ,,mutable ,,_m4 ,second ,edition4 #8,!re is mu* insight 9 x1 & mu* excell5t hum\r4'--,daily ,*ronicle4 ,,! ,,c\ntess ,,tekla4 ,?ird ,edition4 #8,( ^! m$ival romances1 :i* are n[ ga9+ gr\nd 8,! ,c\ntess ,tekla0 is ! v be/ we h se54'--,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,,! ,,lady ,,electra4 99 99 99 99 99 ,albanesi 7,e4 ,m>ia74 ,,susannah ,,& ,,"o ,,o!r4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,blund] ,,( ,,an ,,innoc5t4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,caprici\s ,,c>ol9e4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,love ,,& ,,l\isa4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,pet]1 ,a ,,p>asite4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,an/ey 7,f471 ,au?or ( #8,vice ,v]s4' ,a ,,bay>d ,,f ,,b5gal4 ,illu/rat$ by ,,b]n>d ,,p>tridge4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,ba*ell] 7,irv+71 ,au?or ( #8,eb5 ,hold54' ,,d>rel ,,( ,,! ,,bless$ ,,isles4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,bagot 7,ri*>d74 ,a ,,roman ,,my/]y4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,balf\r 7,&rew74 ,,v5geance ,,is ,,m9e4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 net4 ,balf\r 7,m4 ,c74 ,,! ,,fall ,,( ,,! ,,sp>r[4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,b>+-,g\ld 7,s474 ,see page #cd & #as4 ,novels4 ,b>l[ 7,jane74 ,,! ,,l& ,,( ,,! ,,%amrock4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,f ,,! ,,ea/ ,,unto ,,! ,,we/4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 net4 ,b>r 7,rob]t74 ,see page #ce & #as4 ,novels4 ,begbie 7,h>old74 ,,! ,,adv5tures ,,( ,,sir ,,john ,,sp>r[4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,belloc 7,hilaire74 ,,mr4 ,,burd51 ,,deal] ,,9 ,,h>dw>e4 ,) #cf ,illu/rations by ,g4 ,k4 ,,*e/]ton4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,b5son 7,e4 ,f474 ,,dodo3 ,a ,detail ( ! ,day4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,caps9a4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 net4 ,b5son 7,m>g>et74 ,,subject ,,to ,,vanity4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,besant 7,sir ,walt]74 ,a ,,five ,,ye>s' ,,try/1 & ,o!r ,/ories4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as net4 ,b[les 7,c4 ,/ew>t74 ,a ,,/ret* ,,(f ,,! ,,l&4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,bullock 7,%an4 ,f474 ,,! ,,squire54 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,r$ ,,leagu]s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,burton 7,j4 ,bl\ndelle74 ,,! ,,ye> ,,"o3 a ,page ( ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,d5\nc$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,cla% ,,( ,,arms4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,across ,,! ,,salt ,,seas4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 net4 ,,! ,,fate ,,( ,,valsec4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,,br&$ ,,"n4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,capes 7,b]n>d71 ,au?or ( #8,! ,lake ( ,w9e4' ,,! ,,extraord9>y ,,confessions ,,( ,,diana ,,please4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,*esney 7,wea!rby74 ,,! ,,bapti/ ,,r+4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,trag$y ,,( ,,! ,,great ,,em]ald4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,my/]y ,,( ,a ,,bungal[4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,clif=d 7,hugh74 ,a ,,free ,,lance ,,( ,,to-,,day4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,cobb 7,?omas74 ,a ,,*ange ,,( ,,face4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,cobban 7,j4 ,macl>574 ,,! ,,k+ ,,( ,,&aman3 ,a ,savi\r ( ,society4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,wilt ,,?\ ,,h ,,?is ,,woman8 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,angel ,,( ,,! ,,cov5ant4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,corbett 7,julian74 ,a ,,bus9ess ,,9 ,,great ,,wat]s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,corelli 7,m>ie74 ,see page #cb4 ,cotes 7,mrs4 ,ev]>d74 ,see ,s4 ,j4 ,duncan4 ,crane 7,/eph57 & ,b>r 7,rob]t74 ,,! ,o',,ruddy4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,crockett 7,s4 ,r471 ,au?or ( #8,! ,raid]s1' etc4 ,,lo*9v>4 ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,/&>d ,,be>]4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,crok] 7,b4 ,m474 ,,angel4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,peggy ,,( ,,! ,,b>tons4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,,/ate ,,secret4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,johanna4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,happy ,,valley4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,doyle 7,a4 ,conan71 ,au?or ( #8,%]lock ,holmes1' #8,! ,:ite ,company1' etc4 ,,r\nd ,,! ,,r$ ,,lamp4 ,n9? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,duncan 7,s>a ,jeannette7 7,mrs4 ,ev]>d ,cotes71 ,au?or ( #8,a ,voyage ( ,consolation4' ,,^? ,,delightful ,,am]icans4 ,illu/rat$4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,pa? ,,( ,a ,,/>4 ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,pool ,,9 ,,! ,,des]t4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,,voyage ,,( ,,consolation4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,f5n 7,g4 ,manville74 ,,an ,,electric ,,sp>k4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,,d\ble ,,knot4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,f9dlat] 7,j4 ,h474 ,,! ,,gre5 ,,graves ,,( ,,balg[rie4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,,daught] ,,( ,,/rife4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 net4 ,f9dlat] 7,m>y74 ,,ov] ,,! ,,hills4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,betty ,,musgrave4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,,n>r[ ,,way4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,rose ,,( ,,joy4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,fitz/eph5 7,g]ald74 ,,m ,,k9 ,,?an ,,k9d4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,flet*] 7,j4 ,s474 ,,! ,,build]s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,lucian ,,! ,,dream]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,david ,,m>*4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,francis 7,m4 ,e474 ,,miss ,,er94 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 net4 ,fras] 7,mrs4 ,hugh71 ,au?or ( #8,! ,/ol5 ,emp]or4' ,,! ,,slak+ ,,( ,,! ,,sword4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,gallon 7,tom71 ,au?or ( #8,kiddy4' ,,rick]by',s ,,folly4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,gaunt 7,m>y74 ,,deadman',s4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,mov+ ,,f+]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,g]>d 7,doro!a71 ,au?or ( #8,lady ,baby4' ,,! ,,conque/ ,,( ,,london4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,holy ,,matrimony4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,?+s ,,t ,,h ,,happ5$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,made ,,( ,,money4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,bridge ,,( ,,life ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,g]>d 7,emily74 ,,! ,,h]ons' ,,t[]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,gil*ri/ 7,r4 ,murray74 ,,will[-,,brake4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,giss+ 7,george71 ,au?or ( #8,demos1' #8,9 ! ,ye> ( ,jubilee1' etc4 ,,! ,,t[n ,,travell]4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,cr[n ,,( ,,life4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,glanville 7,erne/74 ,,! ,,despat* ,,rid]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,inca',s ,,treasure4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,gleig 7,*>les74 ,,bunt]',s ,,cruise4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,goss 7,c4 ,f474 ,,! ,,r$emption ,,( ,,david ,,corson4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,h>rison 7,mrs4 ,burton74 ,a ,,pr9cess ,,( ,,! ,,hills4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,h]b]tson 7,agnes ,g474 ,,pati5ce ,,dean4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,hi*5s 7,rob]t71 ,au?or ( #8,flames1' etc4 ,,! ,,prophet ,,( ,,b]keley ,,squ>e4 ,second ,ed4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,tongues ,,( ,,consci5ce4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,felix4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,woman ,,) ,,! ,,fan4 ,fif? ,edition4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,byeways4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,( ,,allah4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,hobbes 7,john ,oliv]71 ,au?or ( #8,rob]t ,orange4' ,,! ,,s]i\s ,,woo+4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,hope 7,an?ony74 ,see page #cb4 ,h\gh 7,em]son74 ,,! ,,mississippi ,,bubble4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,h\sman 7,clem5ce74 ,,sc5es ,,f ,,! ,,life ,,( ,,aglovale4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,hunt 7,violet74 ,,! ,,human ,,int]e/4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,hyne 7,c4 ,j4 ,cutcliffe71 ,au?or ( #8,capta9 ,kettle4' ,,mr4 ,,horrocks1 ,,purs]4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,jacobs 7,w4 ,w474 ,see page #cc4 ,james 7,h5ry71 ,au?or ( #8,:at ,maisie ,knew4' ,,! ,,s(t ,,side4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,bett] ,,sort4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,ambassadors4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,gold5 ,,b[l4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,janson 7,gu/af74 ,,abraham',s ,,sacrifice4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,lawless 7,hon4 ,emily74 ,,traits ,,& ,,confid5ces4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,mel*o4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 net4 ,lawson 7,h>ry71 ,au?or ( #8,:5 ! ,billy ,boils4' ,,*ildr5 ,,( ,,! ,,bu%4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,l9d5 7,annie74 ,a ,,woman ,,( ,,s5tim5t4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,l9ton 7,e4 ,lynn74 ,,! ,,true ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,jo%ua ,,davidson1 ,*ri/ian & ,communi/4 ,twelf? ,edition4 ,m$ium #hvo4 #f;d4 ,long 7,j4 ,lu!r71 ,co-,au?or ( #8,! ,d>l+ ( ! ,gods4' ,,madame ,,butt]fly4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,sixty ,,jane4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,lorim] 7,norma74 ,,mirry ,,ann4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,josiah',s ,,wife4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,lyall 7,edna74 ,,d]rick ,,vaughan1 ,,noveli/4 #dbnd ,?\s&4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,m',c>?y 7,ju/9 ,h471 ,au?or ( #8,if ,i 7 ,k+4' ,,! ,,lady ,,( ,,loyalty ,,h\se4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,mackie 7,paul9e ,brad=d74 ,,! ,,voice ,,9 ,,! ,,des]t4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,macnaughtan 7,s474 ,,! ,,=tune ,,( ,,*ri/9a ,,macnab4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,malet 7,lucas74 ,see page #cc4 ,mann 7,mrs4 ,m4 ,e474 ,,olivia',s ,,summ]4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,,lo/ ,,e/ate4 ,a ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,p>i% ,,( ,,hilby4 ,a ,new ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,p>i% ,,nurse4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,gran',,ma',s ,,jane4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,mrs4 ,,pet] ,,h[>d4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,,w9t]',s ,,tale4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,!re ,,0 ,,once ,a ,,pr9ce4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,:5 ,,arnold ,,comes ,,home4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,m>riott 7,*>les71 ,au?or ( #8,! ,column4' ,,g5evra4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,m>% 7,ri*>d74 ,,m>vels ,,& ,,my/]ies4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,twick5ham ,,pe]age4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,,metamorphosis4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,g>n]$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,,duel4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,mason 7,a4 ,e4 ,w471 ,au?or ( #8,! ,c\rt%ip ( ,morrice ,buckl]1' #8,mir&a ( ! ,balcony1' etc4 ,,clem5t9a4 ,illu/rat$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 ,second ,edition4 #fs4 ,ma!rs 7,hel571 ,au?or ( #8,com9' ?ro' ! ,rye4' ,,honey4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,griff ,,( ,,griffi?sc\rt4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,f]ryman4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,meade 7,l4 ,t474 ,,drift4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,resurgam4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 #8,miss ,molly' 7,! ,au?or (74 ,,! ,,great ,,reconcil]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,mit=d 7,b]tram74 ,,! ,,sign ( ! ,,spid]4 ,illu/rat$4 ,six? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,9 ,,! ,,:irl ,,( ,,! ,,ris+4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,montresor 7,f4 ,f471 ,au?or ( #8,into ! ,highways & ,h$ges4' ,,! ,,ali54 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,morrison 7,ar?ur74 ,see page #cd4 ,nesbit 7,e474 7,mrs4 ,e4 ,bl&74 ,,! ,,r$ ,,h\se4 ,illu/rat$4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,lit]>y ,,s5se4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,norris 7,w4 ,e474 ,,! ,,cr$it ,,( ,,! ,,c\nty4 ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,emb>rass+ ,,orphan4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,8 ,,grace4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,despotic ,,lady4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,cl>issa ,,furiosa4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,an ,,octave4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,nigel',s ,,vocation4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,jack',s ,,fa!r4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,"l ,,leon>d ,,! ,,luckless4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 net4 ,oliphant 7,mrs474 ,,! ,,two ,,m>ys4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,lady',s ,,walk4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,prodigals4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 net4 ,ollivant 7,alfr$74 ,,owd ,,bob1 ,,! ,,grey ,,dog ,,( ,,k5muir4 ,six? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,opp5heim 7,e4 ,phillips74 ,,ma/] ,,( ,,m54 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,ox5ham 7,john71 ,au?or ( #8,b>be ( ,gr& ,bay\4' ,a ,,weav] ,,( ,,webs4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,pa9 7,b>ry74 ,,?ree ,,fantasies4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 ,,l9dley ,,kays4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,p>k] 7,gilb]t74 ,see page #cc4 ,pemb]ton 7,max74 ,,! ,,foot/eps ,,( ,a ,,?rone4 ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,i ,,cr[n ,,!e ,,k+4 ,) ,illu/rations by ,frank ,dadd & ,a4 ,=re/i]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,p5ny 7,mrs4 ,f4 ,e474 ,a ,,mix$ ,,m>riage4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 net4 ,phillpotts 7,ed574 ,see page #cd4 ,pick?all 7,m>maduke74 ,,sa,d ,,! ,,fi%]man4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,pryce 7,ri*>d74 ,,! ,,quiet ,,mrs4 ,,flem+4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 #8,q1' ,au?or ( #8,dead ,man's ,rock4' ,,! ,,:ite ,,wolf4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,queux 7,w4 le74 ,,! ,,hun*back ,,( ,,we/m9/]4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,clos$ ,,book4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,rhys 7,grace74 ,,! ,,woo+ ,,( ,,%eila4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,lisnov]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,rhys 7,grace7 & ,ano!r4 ,,! ,,div]t$ ,,village4 ,) ,illu/rations by ,,doro?y ,,gwyn ,,jeffreys4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,ridge 7,w4 ,pett74 ,,lo/ ,,prop]ty4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,secret>y ,,to ,,bayne1 ,m4,p4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,erb4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,a ,,son ,,( ,,! ,,/ate4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,a ,,break] ,,( ,,laws4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,mrs4 ,,gal]',s ,,bus9ess4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,rit*ie 7,mrs4 ,david ,g474 ,,! ,,tru?ful ,,li>4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,rob]ts 7,c4 ,g4 ,d474 ,,! ,,he>t ,,( ,,! ,,anci5t ,,wood4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,russell 7,w4 ,cl>k74 ,,my ,,dani% ,,swee!>t4 ,illu/rat$4 ,f\r? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,ab&on$4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,s]geant 7,adel9e74 ,au?or ( #8,! ,/ory ( a ,p5it5t ,s\l4' ,,! ,,ma/] ,,( ,,bee*wood4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,b>b>a',s ,,money4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,an!a',s ,,way4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,yell[ ,,diamond4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,"u ,,suspicion4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,love ,,t ,,ov]came4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,en?usia/4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,accus$ ,,& ,,accus]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,progress ,,( ,,ra*el4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,%annon 7,w4 ,f474 ,,! ,,mess ,,deck4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,jim ,,twelves4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,sonni*s5 7,alb]t74 ,,deep ,,sea ,,vagabonds4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,/ra9 7,e4 ,h474 ,,elmslie',s ,,drag-,,net4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,/r+] 7,ar?ur74 ,,! ,,silv] ,,poppy4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,su!rl& 7,du*ess (74 ,,"o ,,h\r ,,& ,,! ,,next4 ,?ird ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 net4 ,swan 7,annie74 ,,love ,,gr[n ,,cold4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 net4 ,swift 7,b5jam974 ,,sir5 ,,city4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,tanqu]ay 7,mrs4 ,b4 ,m474 ,,! ,,royal ,,quak]4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,?ompson 7,vance74 ,,sp9n]s ,,( ,,life4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,wa9eman 7,paul74 ,a ,,h]o9e ,,f ,,f9l&4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #as4 net4 ,,by ,a ,,f9ni% ,,lake4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,song ,,( ,,! ,,=e/4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,watson 7,h4 ,b4 ,m>riott74 ,,al>ums ,,& ,,excursions4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,,capta9 ,,=tune4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,wells 7,h4 ,g474 ,,! ,,sea ,,lady4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,weyman 7,/anley71 ,au?or ( #8,a ,g5tleman ( ,france4' ,,"u ,,! ,,r$ ,,robe4 ,) ,illu/rations by ,r4 ,c4 ,,woodville4 ,eighte5? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,:ite 7,/ew>t ,e474 ,au?or ( #8,! ,blaz$ ,trail4' ,,conjuror',s ,,h\se4 ,a ,romance ( ! ,free ,trail4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,williamson 7,mrs4 ,c4 ,n471 ,au?or ( #8,! ,b>n/orm]s4' ,,papa4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,adv5ture ,,( ,,pr9cess ,,sylvia4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,woman ,,:o ,,d>$4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,sea ,,c\ld ,,tell4 ,second ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,williamson 7,c4 ,n4 & ,a4 ,m474 ,,! ,,lightn+ ,,conductor3 ,be+ ! ,romance ( a ,motor ,c>4 ,illu/rat$4 ,six? ,edition4 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,,! ,,pr9cess ,,passes4 ,cr4 #hvo4 #fs4 ,yeats 7,s4 ,levett74 ,,orra94 ,cr[n #hvo4 #fs4 ,boys & ,girls1 ,books = ,cr[n #hvo4 #cs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,icel&]',s ,,sword4 ,by ,s4 ,b>+-,g\ld4 ,,only ,a ,,gu>d-,,room ,,dog4 ,by ,edi? ,e4 ,cu!ll4 ,,! ,,doctor ,,( ,,! ,,juliet4 ,by ,h>ry ,coll+wood4 ,,ma/] ,,rockafell>',s ,,voyage4 ,by ,w4 ,cl>k ,russell4 ,,syd ,,belton3 ,or1 ! ,boy :o w\ld n g to ,sea4 ,by ,g4 ,manville ,f5n4 ,,! ,,r$ ,,grange4 ,by ,mrs4 ,moleswor?4 ,a ,,girl ,,( ,,! ,,p4 ,by ,l4 ,t4 ,meade4 ,,hepsy ,,gipsy4 ,by ,l4 ,t4 ,meade4 #bs4 #f;d4 ,,! ,,hon\rable ,,miss4 ,by ,l4 ,t4 ,meade4 ,dumas1 ,! ,novels ( ,alex&re ,price #f;d4 ,d\ble ,volume1 #as4 ,,! ,,?ree ,,muskete]s4 ,) a long ,introduction by ,&rew ,lang4 ,d\ble volume4 ,,! ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,?ieves4 ,second ,edition4 ,,rob9 ,,hood4 ,a ,sequel to ! above4 ,,! ,,corsican ,,bro!rs4 ,,georges4 ,,crop-,,e>$ ,,jacquot4 ,,tw5ty ,,ye>s ,,aft]4 ,d\ble volume4 ,,amaury4 ,,! ,,ca/le ,,( ,,epp/e94 ,,! ,,sn[ball4 ,,cecile2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,w$d+ ,,g[n4 ,,act4 ,,! ,,black ,,tulip4 ,,! ,,viscomte ,,de ,,bragelonne4 ,,! ,,convict',s ,,son4 ,,! ,,wolf-,,lead]4 ,,nanon2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,wom5',s ,,w>4 ,,paul9e2 ,,murat2 ,,& ,,pascal ,,bruno4 ,,! ,,adv5tures ,,( ,,capta9 ,,pamphile4 ,,f]n&e4 ,,gabriel ,,lamb]t4 ,,! ,,rem9isc5ces ,,( ,,antony4 ,,ca!r9e ,,blum4 ,,! ,,*evali] ,d',,h>m5tal4 ,,consci5ce4 ,illu/rat$ ,edition4 ,,! ,,?ree ,,muskete]s4 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,col\r by ,frank ,adams4 ,,! ,,pr9ce ,,( ,,?ieves4 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,col\r by ,frank ,adams4 ,,rob9 ,,hood ,,! ,,outlaw4 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,col\r by ,frank ,adams4 ,,! ,,corsican ,,bro!rs4 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,col\r by ,a4 ,m4 ,m',lellan4 ,,f]n&e4 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,col\r by ,munro ,orr4 ,,! ,,black ,,tulip4 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,col\r by ,a4 ,orr4 ,,act4 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,col\r by ,gordon ,br[ne4 ,,georges4 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,col\r by ,munro ,orr4 ,,! ,,ca/le ,,( ,,epp/e94 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,col\r by ,a4 ,orr4 ,,tw5ty ,,ye>s ,,aft]4 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,col\r by ,frank ,adams4 ,,! ,,sn[ball ,,& ,,sultanetta4 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,col\r by ,frank ,adams4 ,,! ,,vicomte ,,de ,,bragelonne4 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,col\r by ,frank ,adams4 ,,amaury4 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,col\r by ,gordon ,br[ne4 ,,crop-,,e>$ ,,jacquot4 ,illu/rat$ 9 ,col\r by ,gordon ,br[ne4 ,me?u5's ,univ]sal ,libr>y ,,edit$ ,,by ,,sidney ,,lee4 ,9 ,sixp5ny ,volumes4 ,,messrs4 ,,me?u5 are prep>+ a new s]ies ( repr9ts conta9+ bo? books ( classical repute1 :i* are accessible 9 v>i\s =ms1 & also "s r>] books1 ( :i* no satisfactory edition at a mod]ate price is 9 exi/5ce4 ,x is _! ambition to place ! be/ books ( all nations1 & p>ticul>ly ( ! ,anglo-,saxon race1 )9 ! rea* ( e read]4 ,all ! great ma/]s ( ,poetry1 ,drama1 ,fiction1 ,hi/ory1 ,biography1 & ,philosophy1 w be repres5t$4 ,mr4 ,sidney ,lee w be ! ,g5]al ,editor ( ! ,libr>y1 & he w contribute a ,note to ea* book4 ,! *>act]i/ics ( ,,me?u5',s ,,univ]sal ,,libr>y are five3-- #a4 ,,s\ndness ,,( ,,text4 ,a pure & unabridg$ text is ! prim>y object ( ! s]ies1 & ! books w be c>efully repr9t$ "u ! direction ( compet5t s*ol>s f ! be/ editions4 ,9 a s]ies int5d$ = popul> use n less ?an = /ud5ts1 adh]5ce to ! old spell+ w\ld 9 _m cases leave ! matt] un9telligible to ord9>y read]s1 &1 z ! appeal ( a classic is univ]sal1 ! spell+ has 9 g5]al be5 mod]nis$4 #b4 ,,complet5ess4 ,:]e x seems advisable1 ! complete works ( su* ma/]s z ,milton1 ,bacon1 ,b5 ,jonson & ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne w be giv54 ,^! w be issu$ 9 sep>ate volumes1 s t ! read] :o does n desire all ! works ( an au?or w h ! opportunity ( acquir+ a s+le ma/]piece4 #c4 ,,*eapness4 ,! books w be well pr9t$ on good pap] at a price :i* on ! :ole is )\t p>allel 9 ! hi/ory ( publi%+4 ,ea* volume w conta9 f #ajj to #cej pages1 & w be issu$ 9 pap] cov]s1 ,cr[n #hvo1 at ,sixp5ce net4 #d4 ,,cle>ness ,,( ,,type4 ,! type w be a v legible "o4 #e4 ,,simplicity4 ,!re w be no editorial matt] except a %ort biographical & bibliographical note by ,mr4 ,sidney ,lee at ! beg9n+ ( ea* volume4 ,:]e x is possible1 ea* sep>ate book w be issu$ 9 "o volume1 b ! long] ones mu/ be divid$ into sev]al volumes4 ,! volumes may also be obta9$ 9 clo? at ,"o ,%ill+ net1 & :]e a s+le book is issu$ 9 sev]al ,sixp5ny volumes x may be obta9$ 9 clo? 9 a d\ble or treble volume4 ,?us ,,gil ,,blas may be b\ght 9 two ,sixp5ny volumes1 or 9 "o clo? volume at #as4 #f;d4 net1 & ,,%akespe>e w be giv5 9 t5 ,sixp5ny volumes1 or 9 five clo? volumes at #as4 #f;d4 ea*4 ,! ,libr>y w be issu$ at regul> int]vals aft] ! publication ( ! fir/ six books1 all ( :i* w be publi%$ toge!r4 ,due notice w be giv5 ( succe$+ issues4 ,! ord] ( publication w be arrang$ to give z mu* v>iety ( subject z possible1 & ! volumes compos+ ! complete works ( an au?or w be issu$ at conv5i5t int]vals4 ,! e>ly ,books are 9 ! ,press4 ,noveli/1 ,! ,,messrs4 ,,me?u5 are issu+ "u ! above g5]al title a ,mon?ly ,s]ies ( ,novels by popul> au?ors at ! price ( ,sixp5ce4 ,ea* numb] is z long z ! av]age ,six ,%ill+ ,novel4 ,! fir/ numb]s ( #8,,! ,,noveli/' are z foll[s3-- #a4 ,,dead ,,m5 ,,tell ,,no ,,tales4 ,by ,e4 ,w4 ,hornung4 #b4 ,,j5nie ,,baxt]1 ,,j\rnali/4 ,by ,rob]t ,b>r4 #c4 ,,! ,,inca',s ,,treasure4 ,by ,erne/ ,glanville4 #d4 ,a ,,son ,,( ,,! ,,/ate4 ,by ,w4 ,pett ,ridge4 #e4 ,,furze ,,bloom4 ,by ,s4 ,b>+-,g\ld4 #f4 ,,bunt]',s ,,cruise4 ,by ,c4 ,gleig4 #g4 ,,! ,,gay ,,deceiv]s4 ,by ,ar?ur ,moore4 #h4 ,,prison]s ,,( ,,w>4 ,by ,a4 ,boyson ,weekes4 #i4 ,a ,,fla% ,,( ,,summ]4 ,by ,mrs4 ,w4 ,k4 ,clif=d4 #aj4 ,,veldt ,,& ,,laag]3 ,tales ( ! ,transvaal4 ,by ,e4 ,s4 ,val5t9e4 #aa4 ,,! ,,nigg] ,,knights4 ,by ,f4 ,norreys ,connel4 #ab4 ,a ,,m>riage ,,at ,,sea4 ,by ,w4 ,cl>k ,russell4 #ac4 ,,! ,,pomp ,,( ,,! ,,lavilettes4 ,by ,gilb]t ,p>k]4 #ad4 ,a ,,man ,,( ,,m>k4 ,by ,an?ony ,hope4 #ae4 ,,! ,,c>issima4 ,by ,lucas ,malet4 #af4 ,,! ,,lady',s ,,walk4 ,by ,mrs4 ,oliphant4 #ag4 ,,d]rick ,,vaughan4 ,by ,edna ,lyall4 #ah4 ,,9 ,,! ,,mid/ ,,( ,,al>ms4 ,by ,rob]t ,b>r4 #ai4 ,,8 ,,grace4 ,by ,w4 ,e4 ,norris4 #bj4 ,,dodo4 ,by ,e4 ,f4 ,b5son4 #ba4 ,,*eap ,,jack ,,zita4 ,by ,s4 ,b>+-,g\ld4 #bb4 ,,:5 ,,valmond ,,came ,,to ,,pontiac4 ,by ,gilb]t ,p>k]4 #bc4 ,,! ,,human ,,boy4 ,by ,ed5 ,phillpotts4 #bd4 ,,! ,,*ronicles ,,( ,,c\nt ,,antonio4 ,by ,an?ony ,hope4 #be4 ,,by ,,/roke ,,( ,,sword4 ,by ,&rew ,balf\r4 #bf4 ,,kitty ,,alone4 ,by ,s4 ,b>+-,g\ld4 #bg4 ,,giles ,,+ilby4 ,by ,w4 ,e4 ,norris4 #bh4 ,,uri?4 ,by ,s4 ,b>+-,g\ld4 #bi4 ,,! ,,t[n ,,travell]4 ,by ,george ,giss+4 #cj4 ,,mr4 ,,smi?4 ,by ,mrs4 ,wal=d4 #ca4 ,a ,,*ange ,,( ,,air4 ,by ,an?ony ,hope4 #cb4 ,,! ,,klo( ,,bride4 ,by ,erne/ ,glanville4 #cc4 ,,angel4 ,by ,b4 ,m4 ,crok]4 #cd4 ,a ,,c\nsel ,,( ,,p]fection4 ,by ,lucas ,malet4 #ce4 ,,! ,,baby',s ,,gr&mo!r4 ,by ,mrs4 ,wal=d4 #cf4 ,,! ,,c\ntess ,,tekla4 ,by ,rob]t ,b>r4 #cg4 ,,drift4 ,by ,l4 ,t4 ,meade4 #ch4 ,,! ,,ma/] ,,( ,,bee*wood4 ,by ,adel9e ,s]geant4 #ci4 ,,clem5t9a4 ,by ,a4 ,e4 ,w4 ,mason4 #dj4 ,,! ,,ali54 ,by ,f4 ,f4 ,montresor4 #da4 ,,! ,,broom-,,squire4 ,by ,s4 ,b>+-,g\ld4 #db4 ,,honey4 ,by ,hel5 ,ma!rs4 #dc4 ,,! ,,foot/eps ,,( ,a ,,?rone4 ,by ,max ,pemb]ton4 #dd4 ,,r\nd ,,! ,,r$ ,,lamp4 ,by ,a4 ,conan ,doyle4 #de4 ,,lo/ ,,prop]ty4 ,by ,w4 ,pett ,ridge4 #df4 ,,! ,,twick5ham ,,pe]age4 ,by ,ri*>d ,m>%4 #dg4 ,,holy ,,matrimony4 ,by ,doro!a ,g]>d4 #dh4 ,,! ,,sign ,,( ,,! ,,spid]4 ,by ,b]tram ,mit=d4 #di4 ,,! ,,r$ ,,h\se4 ,by ,e4 ,nesbit4 #ej4 ,,! ,,hole ,,9 ,,! ,,wall4 ,by ,a4 ,morrison4 #ea4 ,a ,,roman ,,my/]y4 ,by ,ri*>d ,bagot4 #cb4 ,,! ,,cr$it ,,( ,,! ,,c\nty4 ,by ,w4 ,e4 ,norris4 #ec4 ,a ,,mom5t',s ,,error4 ,by ,a4 ,w4 ,m>*ant4 #ed4 ,,phroso4 ,by ,an?ony ,hope4 #ee4 ,i ,,cr[n ,,!e ,,k+4 ,by ,max ,pemb]ton4 #ef4 ,,johanna4 ,by ,b4 ,m4 ,crok]4 #eg4 ,,b>b>a',s ,,money4 ,by ,adel9e ,s]geant4 #eh4 ,a ,,newspap] ,,girl4 ,by ,mrs4 ,c4 ,n4 ,williamson4 #ei4 ,,! ,,goddess4 ,by ,ri*>d ,m>%4 #fj4 ,,mrs4 ,,pet] ,,h[>d4 ,by ,m4 ,e4 ,mann4 ,sixp5ny ,libr>y ,,! ,,matabele ,,campaign4 ,by ,major-,g5]al ,bad5-,p[ell4 ,,! ,,d[nfall ,,( ,,prempeh4 ,by ,major-,g5]al ,bad5-,p[ell4 ,,my ,,dani% ,,swee!>t4 ,by ,w4 ,cl>k ,russell4 ,,9 ,,! ,,ro> ,,( ,,! ,,sea4 ,by ,s4 ,b>+-,g\ld4 ,,peggy ,,( ,,! ,,b>tons4 ,by ,b4 ,m4 ,crok]4 ,,! ,,gre5 ,,graves ,,( ,,balg[rie4 ,by ,jane ,h4 ,f9dlat]4 ,,! ,,/ol5 ,,bacillus4 ,by ,h4 ,g4 ,wells4 ,,mat!w ,,au/94 ,by ,w4 ,e4 ,norris4 ,,! ,,conque/ ,,( ,,london4 ,by ,doro!a ,g]>d4 ,a ,,voyage ,,( ,,consolation4 ,by ,s>a ,j4 ,duncan4 ,,! ,,mutable ,,_m4 ,by ,rob]t ,b>r4 ,,b5 ,,hur4 ,by ,g5]al ,lew ,wallace4 ,,sir ,,rob]t',s ,,=tune4 ,by ,mrs4 ,oliphant4 ,,! ,,fair ,,god4 ,by ,g5]al ,lew ,wallace4 ,,cl>issa ,,furiosa4 ,by ,w4 ,e4 ,norris4 ,,cran=d4 ,by ,mrs4 ,gaskell4 ,,no,,mi4 ,by ,s4 ,b>+-,g\ld4 ,,! ,,?rone ,,( ,,david4 ,by ,j4 ,h4 ,+raham4 ,,across ,,! ,,salt ,,seas4 ,by ,j4 ,bl\ndelle ,burton4 ,,! ,,mill ,,on ,,! ,,floss4 ,by ,george ,eliot4 ,,pet] ,,simple4 ,by ,capta9 ,m>ryat4 ,,m>y ,,b>ton4 ,by ,mrs4 ,gaskell4 ,,pride ,,& ,,prejudice4 ,by ,jane ,au/54 ,,nor? ,,& ,,s\?4 ,by ,mrs4 ,gaskell4 ,,jacob ,,fai?ful4 ,by ,capta9 ,m>ryat4 ,,%irley4 ,by ,*>lotte ,bront4 ,,fairy ,,tales ,,re-,,told4 ,by ,s4 ,b>+-,g\ld4 ,,! ,,true ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,jo%ua ,,davidson4 ,by ,mrs4 ,lynn ,l9ton4 ,a ,,/ate ,,secret4 ,by ,b4 ,m4 ,crok]4 ,,sam',s ,,swee!>t4 ,by ,hel5 ,ma!rs4 ,,h&ley ,,cross4 ,by ,r4 ,s4 ,surtees4 ,,anne ,,maulev]]4 ,by ,mrs4 ,caffyn4 ,,! ,,adv5tur]s4 ,by ,h4 ,b4 ,m>riott ,watson4 ,,dante',s ,,div9e ,,com$y4 ,translat$ by ,h4 ,f4 ,c>y4 ,,! ,,c$> ,,/>4 ,by ,m4 ,e4 ,mann4 ,,ma/] ,,( ,,m54 ,by ,e4 ,p4 ,opp5heim4 ,,! ,,trail ,,( ,,! ,,sword4 ,by ,gilb]t ,p>k]4 ,,^? ,,delightful ,,am]icans4 ,by ,mrs4 ,cotes4 ,,mr4 ,,sponge',s ,,sport+ ,,t\r4 ,by ,r4 ,s4 ,surtees4 ,,ask ,,mamma4 ,by ,r4 ,s4 ,surtees4 ,,grimm',s ,,fairy ,,/ories4 ,illu/rat$ by ,george ,cruik%ank4 ,,george ,,& ,,! ,,g5]al4 ,by ,w4 ,pett ,ridge4 ,,! ,,joss4 ,by ,ri*>d ,m>%4 ,,mis] ,,hoadley',s ,,secret4 ,by ,a4 ,w4 ,m>*mont4