,,! ,,public ,,libr>y4 ,illu/ration3 ,,k+',s ,,libr>y1 ,,briti% ,,museum4 ,photo by ,donald ,macbe? ,,! ,,public ,,libr>y ,by ,,erne/ ,a4 ,,bak]1 ,d4,lit4 ,,publi%$ ,,9 ,,london ,,by ,,daniel ,o',,connor #ij ,,great ,,russell ,,/reet1 ,w4,c4#a4 #aibb4 ,france & ,engl& lit]ally1 obs]ve1 buy panic ( ea* o!r2 !y pay1 ea* ( !m1 = t5 ?\s& ?\s& p\nds' wor? ( t]ror1 a ye>4 ,n[ suppose1 in/ead ( buy+ ^! t5 millions' wor? ( panic annually1 !y made up _! m9ds to be at peace ) ea* o!r1 & buy t5 millions' wor? ( k annually2 & !n ea* nation sp5t ! t5 ?\s& ?\s& p\nds a ye> 9 f\nd+ royal libr>ies1 royal art gall]ies1 royal museums1 royal g>d5s1 & places ( re/4 ,might x n be bett] some:at = bo? ,fr5* & ,engli%8 ,,rusk93 ,sesame & ,lilies4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*ap4 ,,page4 ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations ,,preface ,i4--,,hi/orical ,,sket* #a ,,ii4--,,:at ,,is ,a ,,libr>y ,,s]vice8 #cb ,,iii4--,,libr>y ,,ext5sion #if ,,iv4--,,rural ,,libr>ies #ace ,v4--,a ,,national ,,libr>y ,,s]vice #afi ,,vi4--,,tra9+ ,,9 ,,libr>ian%ip #baa ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,page ,,k+',s ,,libr>y1 ,,briti% ,,museum ,frontispiece ,to face page ,,lambe? ,,palace ,,libr>y #ab ,,c5tral ,,public ,,libr>y1 ,,nott+ham #bb ,,read+ ,,room ,,( ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum #dd ,,guildhall ,,libr>y #eb ,,read+ ,,room1 ,,/epney ,,public ,,libr>y #ef ,,pat5t ,,(fice ,,libr>y #gd ,,libr>y ,,( ,,! ,,in/itute ,,( ,,actu>ies1 ,,/aple ,,inn ,,hall #ij ,,libr>y ,,( ,,! ,,s\?-,,ea/]n ,,agricultural ,,college1 ,,wye #afb ,,read+ ,,room ,,( ,,! ,,g5]al ,,libr>y1 ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,london #agh ,,! ,,oratory ,,libr>y #bjj ,,univ]sity ,,college1 ,,g5]al ,,libr>y #bad ,,read+ ,,room ,,( ,,! ,,goldsmi?s' ,,libr>y1 ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,london #bbf ,,preface4 ,our ,public ,libr>ies are ent]+ ^u ! critical p]iod ( _! hi/ory4 ,!y h be5 sav$ by ! ,act ( #aiai f imm95t bankruptcy2 b ! ef=ts ( ! ,adult ,education ,committee to f9d a place = !m 9 a national s*eme ( recon/ruction seem to h come to naught4 ,an ,act :i* x 0 hop$ might h be5 a new *>t]1 & h ensur$ _! utilization z a *ief in/rum5t ( adult education & ! intellectual & spiritual developm5t ( ! p1 did away ) two heavy grievances ! abolition ( :i* 0 long ov]due2 x left a programme ( con/ructive re=ms unfulfill$4 ,9 ?is brief acc\nt ( our public libr>ies1 ! "w !y h done & ! f> great] "w !y are capable ( do+1 _m po9ts h be5 sugge/$ t call = m compreh5sive legislation4 ,! "o hope n[ is t ! urban & rural libr>ies already exi/+ or soon to be may be co-ord9at$ into a national sy/em1 or gr\p ( sy/ems1 work$ on economic l9es1 & emp[]$ to act ! "p !y 7 surely de/9$ = 9 a civiliz$ _w4 ,sociologi/s1 includ+ ^? treat+ ( education 9 ! wide/ s5se1 h paid scant att5tion to ! "p play$ by ! public libr>y 9 social life1 9 ! pres5t or ! future4 ,ev5 su* an inv5tory ( our intellectual assets z ! ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature has 9 its fifte5 big volumes no ref]5ce to ! effects ( ! ,ew>t ,act or to ! va/ collections ( lit]ature amass$ & ?r[n op5 to ! p ?r\gh its op]ation4 ,?is book w be a small addition to a v small gr\p ( works on v>i\s sides ( a mom5t\s subject4 ,! au?or is deeply indebt$ to ,mr4 ,w4 ,c4 ,b]wick ,say]s1 ,*ief ,libr>ian1 ,croydon ,public ,libr>ies1 = 8 k9dness 9 read+ ! pro(s & = _m useful sugge/ions1 & to 8 daught]1 ,miss ,ru? ,bak]1 = index+ ! book4 ,e4 ,a4 ,b4 ,i4 ,,hi/orical ,,sket*4 ,9 ! p]iod ( recon/ruction aft] ,wat]loo1 !re 01 among o!r analogies ) ! pres5t "t1 a ke5 popul> desire = education & opportunities = self-culture4 ,x met ) bo? enc\ragem5t & disc\ragem5t f ! gov]n+ classes1 m ( ! latt] ?an ! =m]1 mu* m ( direct opposition ?an d>e %[ its head to-day4 ,! /ate ( ! univ]sities & ! public s*ools _h be5 s9ce ! middle ( ! la/ c5tury m backw>d ?an ev] be=e 9 hi/ory4 ,bo? univ]sities /ill %ut _! doors to ,diss5t]s4 ,!y _h no sympa?y ) & probably no consci\sness ( ! ne$s ( ! masses = self-improvem5t4 ,9 spite ( e>ne/ writ]s on education1 & manifold discussions ( ,r\sseau's doctr9es1 ev5 9 ! +ratiat+ =m ( fiction1 no?+ c\ld /ir ! sull5 apa?y ( ! rul+ p[]s2 & 9 educational ma*9]y & practice ,engl& lagg$ f> beh9d bo? ,g]many & ,france4 ,samuel ,:itbread introduc$ an ,education ,bill 9 #ahjg :i* 0 reject$ by ! ,lords4 ,aft] 8 dea?1 ,br\gham became lead] ( ! gr\p ( educationi/s 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 & 9 #ahaf secur$ ! appo9tm5t ( a ,select ,committee to inquire into ! education ( ! l[] ord]s ( ! metropolis4 ,! report ( ?is committee furni%$ mat]ial = two ,bills4 ,! fir/1 = ! re=m ( educational *>ities1 pass$ 9 #ahah1 aft] its be/ features _h be5 prun$ away by ! ,gov]nm5t2 b ! ,education ,bill ( #ahbj1 :i* w\ld h ext5d$ to ,engl& ! excell5t p>i% s*ool sy/em ( ,scotl&1 0 ?r[n out4 ,n until #ahcc 0 ! "w already be+ p]=m$ by volunt>y ag5cies approv$1 by ! grant ( an annual sum ( #bj1jjj to assi/ 9 ! erection ( s*ool build+s4 ,n until #ahci 0 !re any recognition ( ! national responsibility = prim>y education4 ,9 t ye>1 a committee ( ! ,privy ,c\ncil 0 appo9t$ to sup]9t5d ! application ( grants = educational purposes4 ,?is 0 ! =]unn] ( ! ,education ,dep>tm5t to be e/abli%$ 9 #ahef4 ,roebuck 9 #ahcc _h fail$ to c>ry a resolution 9 ! ,commons 9 fav\r ( univ]sal compulsory education4 ,on ! eve ( ! ,education ,act ( #ahgj1 x 0 comput$ t !re 7 ne>ly z _m *ildr5 )\t any k9d ( s*ool+ z !re 7 att5d+ all ! /ate-aid$ & private s*ools put toge!r4 ,s sl[ly _h education advanc$4 ,b1 :il/ ,p>liam5t 0 engag$ 9 repress+ or ignor+ educational dem&s1 or debat+ :e!r x 0 wise or safe t ! commonalty %\ld be educat$ at all1 ! p1 head$ by ^? :o _h fai? 9 an educat$ nation1 7 e/abli%+ ! requisite ma*9]y = !mselves4 ,!re _h be5 elem5t>y s*ools ( a sort 9 exi/5ce 9 mo/ p>ts ( ! c\ntry = ne>ly a c5tury4 ,! academies set up by ! ,diss5t]s aft] ! ,tol]ation ,act1 ! *>ity s*ools ( ! ,society = ! ,promotion ( ,*ri/ian ,k1 ! s*ools f\nd$ by ! ,me?odi/s & ! ,society ( ,fri5ds1 provid$ a g5]al education bas$ prim>ily on ! pr9ciple ( moral & religi\s in/ruction4 ,_m ( ^! s*ools cat]$ = gr[n-up p]sons z well z *ildr52 ! ,sunday ,s*ools1 = in/ance1 :i* sprang up aft] #aghj1 taught read+ & sometimes writ+ to ! illit]ate ( all ages4 ,!re 7 also private s*ools 9 ! t[ns & _m villages :]e ! rudim5ts 7 imp>t$1 unsatisfactorily1 = a few p5ce4 ,^! organiz$ ef=ts 7 ma9ly ! "w ( middle-class evangelicals & philan?ropi/s int5t on ! moral & religi\s improvem5t ( ! p4 ,b new motives came into play 9 ! new c5tury1 & ! p !mselves began to take an active "p 9 ! movem5t1 ) f>-rea*+ results4 ,political agitation might be repress$1 b an intellectual awak5+ c\ld n be ext+ui%$4 ,k 0 dem&$ = its own sake2 x 0 dem&$ also = economic reasons4 ,! artisan :o saw wond]ful me*anical inv5tions enabl+ him to p]=m 8 op]ations ) undreamt ease & effici5cy1 or depriv+ him ( 8 job1 0 r\s$ to an int5se int]e/ 9 sci5ce & a desp]ate desire to fit himself = a place 9 ! new indu/rial ord]4 ,! c\ntry 0 flock+ into ! t[ns2 ! major "p ( ! population 0 becom+ indu/rial4 ,education 0 p]ceiv$ to be a necessity ( life1 & a necessity t conc]n$1 n m]ely ! ris+ g5]ation1 b ev5 m mom5t\sly ! adult workman4 ,a passionate dem& = education 0 fac$ ) a sporadic supply1 & x 0 a dem& = education 9 o!r directions ?an _h be5 contemplat$ by ! promot]s ( *>ity s*ools & ,diss5t+ academies4 ,:itbread & ,br\gham1 ,b5?am1 ,place1 & ,mill enc\rag$ & direct$ ^! aspirations4 ,philosophic ,radicalism affirm$ ! "r ( e citiz5 to an elem5t>y education1 :i* ! ,/ate 0 9 duty b\nd to provide4 ,fur!r1 su* education mu/ be unsect>ian2 & "h 7 ! beg9n+s ( ! age-long /rife betwe5 ! advocates ( secul> education & ! def5d]s ( volunt>y s*ools1 :i* 7 n[ be+ plant$ all ov] ! c\ntry by ! ,national ,society & ! ,briti% & ,=eign ,society4 ,?r\gh\t ! n9ete5? c5tury ! hi/ory ( education 0 *equ]$ by ^! conflicts ov] ! rights & wrongs ( religi\s tea*+4 ,ano!r ?+ t hamp]$ progress 0 ! temptation to provide s*ool+ on ! *eap1 by ! monitorial sy/em & o!r contrivances1 :i* 7 ma9ta9$ = reasons ( economy long aft] !y _h be5 discr$it$4 ,we %all f9d ?is ,briti% fail+ aga9 & aga9 crippl+ ! f9e/ s*emes1 & entail+ co/s 9 ! long run incalculably great] ?an ! sav+ at ! outset4 ,x is a =m ( economy t is n economic4 ,h[ deep & s9c]e 0 ! work+ man's desire = enlight5m5t is illu/rat$ mo/ tell+ly by ! co-op]ative in/itutions :i* x n[ br\ght into be+ 9 almo/ e indu/rial c5tre4 ,! ,me*anics' ,in/itutes 7 n gifts f a railway company or a l>ge firm to its employees1 b ! creation ( ! op]atives !mselves1 e/abli%$ & kept up mo/ly f _! own unaid$ res\rces4 ,ap>t f ! s*ools & classes = *ildr5 & adults c>ri$ on by ! religi\s bodies 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 ^! ,me*anics' ,in/itutes1 ) _! lectures1 classes1 /udy-circles1 debat+ societies1 libr>ies1 & o!r educational activities1 7 ! real beg9n+s ( adult education 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,!y 7 ! imm$iate =]unn]s ( ! municipal libr>y1 &1 at a fur!r remove1 ( ! mod]n te*nical college & ! polyte*nic4 ,?us adult education beg9s 9 a spontane\s movem5t1 ready = l>ge self-sacrifices to a*ieve its practical ideals2 &1 at ! outset1 ! libr>y is recognis$ z an integral "p ( its s*eme4 ,! great mi/ake 9 ! ,public ,libr>y ,acts1 we %all f9d1 0 t !y fail$ to build on ! comb9ation ( reciprocal activities 9 ?is promis+ model1 & ?us divorc$ ! libr>y f ! o!r dep>tm5ts ( adult education4 ,conv]sely1 ! weakness ( _m admirable s*emes = adult education has be5 neglect or omission ( ! libr>y z an ess5tial "p4 ,once ! sep>ation _h tak5 effect1 x became v difficult to e/abli% relations aga94 ,libr>ians h s9ce le>n$ ! impossibility ( mak+ "o "p ( ! social ma*9e "w prop]ly 9 deta*m5t f ! re/4 ,! ,me*anics' ,in/itutes 7 n tr\bl$ ) unprep>$ & indiff]5t read]s4 ,!y l$ _! horses to ! /ream & _h no difficulty 9 mak+ !m dr9k4 ,! tr\ghs provid$ by _! municipal successors 7 l>g] & h&som]1 b ! excell5t supply ( wat] 0 too (t5 unappreciat$4 ,ew>t & 8 coadjutors 9 #ahej conc5trat$ on ! s+le object1 libr>ies2 & libr>ies !y got1 _! b>e object--b>e at fir/ 9 ! lit]al s5se ( ! ^w1 till !y 7 lat] on all[$ to sp5d money 9 furni%+ !m ) books4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is policy1 libr>ies & art gall]ies1 s*ools1 te*nical education1 univ]sity ext5sion1 tutorial & cont9uation classes1 h c>ri$ on _! "w on sep>ate l9es1 ?\gh lab\r+ = id5tical ends1 & ?\gh !y might h work$ 9 unison mu* m effectively & economically4 ,! problem n[ is to br+ !m into h>mony aga94 ,p]haps ! "t 0 n ripe = su* a compreh5sive alliance4 ,p]haps1 also1 _h su* an idea be5 realiz$ x w\ld h _h to und]go ! blight+ influ5ce ( ! exam9ation sy/em & paym5t by results4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a popul> in/itution might h conta9$ ! antidote to ^? delusions4 ,at all ev5ts1 x is a matt] = la/+ regret t a great opportunity 0 miss$4 ,nationaliz$ ,me*anics' ,in/itutes1 cur$ ( ! imp]fections due to _! dep5d5ce on ! volunt>y support ( ! unweal?y1 ) _! num]\s activities develop$1 _! te*nical & utilit>ian classes supplem5t$ by humani/1 non-vocational tea*+1 & ! recreative side fully exp&$1 w\ld h be5 an invaluable in/rum5t = ! great social ef=t :i* 0 !n & is n[ requir$4 ,& ! initiative w\ld h come f bel[1 n f above2 ! dang] ( bureaucratic & academic projects = o!r p's welf>e w\ld h be5 avoid$4 ,a c5tral "p ( ?is _m-sid$ organism w\ld h be5 ! libr>y1 a "p m9i/]+ directly to e o!r "p4 ,su* a conception is /ill useful4 ,9 t[n life ! diff]5t ag5cies may h to "w side by side1 ?\gh !re ne$ n be d5se p>titions betwe54 ,9 ! villages1 :]e !re are no museums or picture-gall]ies1 & ! club is too (t5 only a well-mean+ b aimless sub/itute = ! public-h\se1 in/itutes ( su* a composite & ela/ic type are obvi\sly ! v ?+ requir$4 ,! fir/ ( ^! promis+ in/itutions came into exi/5ce 9 #ahbc4 ,george ,birkbeck _h giv5 free c\rses ( lectures to artisans at ! ,&]sonian ,in/itution 9 ,glasg[1 :]e1 aft] 8 removal to ,london1 !re _h be5 a s*ism4 ,! sec$+ memb]s set up = !mselves ! ,glasg[ ,me*anics' ,in/itution1 & elect$ ,birkbeck _! fir/ presid5t4 ,next ye>1 ! ,london ,me*anics' ,in/itution1 n[ ,birkbeck ,college1 0 />t$ 9 emulation1 spe$ily enroll+ "s #ac1jjj work+ m5 z memb]s4 ,t same ye> saw ! e/abli%m5t ( an in/itute at ,man*e/]1 :i* _h _h a ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,society s9ce #agha1 an (f%oot ( ?is1 ! ,college ( ,arts & ,sci5ces1 be+ a sort ( prototype ( ! new work+ m5's in/itution4 ,hudd]sfield1 ,le$s1 & o!r indu/rial t[ns foll[$ suit next ye>2 & by #ahcg ! ,we/ ,rid+ _h s _m t a union ( me*anics' & simil> in/itutions 0 =m$1 to be foll[$ 9 #ahci by a ,metropolitan ,association1 & by a ,lanca%ire & ,*e%ire ,union 9 #ahdg4 8,9 #ahea x 0 e/imat$ t !re 7 #faj in/itutes 9 ,engl& ) a memb]%ip ( ov] #fjj1jjj1 t ! numb] ( lectures deliv]$ 9 #ahej 0 #c1jed1 & t ! numb] ( /ud5ts att5d+ classes 0 #af1jbi40a ,9 #ahdi1 f\r hundr$ ,me*anics' ,in/itutes _h betwe5 ?ree & f\r hundr$ ?\s& volumes1 ) a circulation ( m ?an a million4 ,9 8 ,practical ,obs]vations ^u ! ,education ( ! ,p1 ,br\gham1 "o ( ! f\r tru/ees ( ! ,london in/itution1 ann\nc$ ! programme ( :at ,peacock 9 ,crot*et ,ca/le nicknam$ ! 8,/eam ,intellect ,society40 ,lectures & conv]sation classes1 on ! l9es ( a mod]n tutorial class1 libr>ies & book-clubs1 7 to be provid$2 &1 z a m ext5d$ ent]prise1 elem5t>y prim]s & o!r *eap works on sci5ce & ! useful arts 7 to be publi%$ = ! b5efit ( ! work+ classes4 ,br\gham 0 ! fir/ presid5t ( ! ,society = ! ,diffusion ( ,useful ,k1 f\nd$ 9 #ahbg to give effect to ?is second "p ( ! s*eme4 ,dr4 ,folliott tells ! company at ,crot*et ,ca/le h[ 8 h\se 0 ne>ly burn$ d[n by 8 cook tak+ x into h] head to /udy hydro/atics1 9 a sixp5ny tract publi%$ by ! ,/eam ,intellect ,society1 & read+ :at he calls 8! rubbi%0 9 b$4 ,o!r p]sons1 besides ,peacock1 7 di/urb$ by ?is port5t\s 8m>* ( intellect40 ,! ,me*anics' ,in/itutes spread to all p>ts ( ,engl& & ,scotl&1 b !y fail$1 f lack ( means1 to f9d ! qualifi$ lectur]s & exp]i5c$ tea*]s t _! well-mean+ b ambiti\s aims requir$4 ,good tea*]s 7 v sc>ce 9 ^? days4 ,x 0 m ?an comb9ations ( ! l[] middle classes unaid$ by public funds c\ld be expect$ to a*ieve4 ,:51 9 ! c\rse ( two decades1 ! fir/ en?usiasm fad$1 ! build+s fell m & m into ! h&s ( ^? :o c\ld af=d to ma9ta9 !m z com=table l\nges & lit]>y clubs4 ,?is educational failure & ! secul> nature ( ! education t !y s\ght made !m unsatisfactory 9 ! eyes ( ! ,*ri/ian ,sociali/ gr\p1 :o 9 #ahed f\nd$ :at !y consid]$ a bett] type ( me*anics' in/itute 9 ! ,work+ ,m5's ,college4 ,b ! ,me*anics' ,in/itutes1 ?\gh mo/ ( !m 7 trans=m$ or absorb$ into a diff]5t k9d ( in/itute1 did n cease to exi/2 a numb] h surviv$ to ?is day or ! eve ( x1 & "s h c>ri$ on "w ( priceless importance1 side by side ) ! public libr>ies1 :i* 7 n[ ab\t to arise4 ,to say t !re 7 no free libr>ies = ! p be=e #ahej is practically ?\gh n lit]ally true4 ,^? int]e/$ 9 ! hi/ory ( libr>ies c po9t to _m old] examples1 c]ta9 ( :i* 7 op5 to all com]s4 ,long be=e ! n9ete5? c5tury ideali/s s*em$ to provide e read] 9 ! nation ) access to books1 z = in/ance ! ,scotti% gramm>ian ,james ,kirkwood1 au?or ( a pamphlet 9 #afii entitl$ 8,an ,ov]ture = ,f\nd+ & ,ma9ta9+ ( ,biblio!cks 9 e ,p>o* ?r\gh\t ! ,k+dom10 & ( a project = erect+ a libr>y 9 e presbyt]y or at lea/ c\nty 9 ! ,highl&s4 ,! project 0 approv$ by ! ,g5]al ,assembly1 b _h no great results4 ,9 ! ,middle ,ages1 _m ( ! mona/ic libr>ies 7 nom9ally op5 to ! public2 b z a read+ public h>dly exi/$ ! fact does n am\nt to mu*4 ,nor is x ( m ?an antiqu>ian int]e/ :e!r ,london _h a public libr>y z f> back z ! e>ly fifte5? c5tury1 ! jo9t f\ndation ( ,sir ,ri*>d ,:itt+ton & ,william ,bury4 ,read]s did exi/ at ! beg9n+ ( ! next c5tury1 :]e=e ! appe>ance ( a city libr>y "h & !re is ( m significance4 ,norwi* claims to h ! olde/ ( ^! t has nev] p]i%$1 f\nd$ 9 #afjh & pres]v$ 9 ! public libr>y !re to-day4 ,! libr>y f\nd$ at ,bri/ol 9 #afae came "u ! op]ation ( ! ,public ,libr>y ,acts :5 ^! 7 adopt$ by t city 9 #ahgf4 ,! v5]able ,*e?am ,libr>y at ,man*e/] dates f #afed1 :5 ! books 7 plac$ 9 ! qu>t]s !y /ill occupy 9 ! college built 9 #adba4 ,! numb] ( volumes is va/ly great]1 b ! ,*e?am ,libr>y has n *ang$ 9 "* or 9 ! atmosph]e ( a /ill remot] antiquity t x _h at its beg9n+4 ,dr4 ,bray & 8 associates e/abli%$ #gh p>o*ial libr>ies & #ce l5d+ libr>ies betwe5 #agjd & #ahjg1 :i* 7 meant = ! use ( poor cl]gym54 ,he also secur$ an ,act 8,= ! ,bett] ,pres]vation ( ,p>o*ial ,libr>ies20 b ?is 9 "t became a dead lett]4 ,! ,briti% ,museum 0 e/abli%$ by ,act ( ,p>liam5t 9 #agec1 op5$ to ! public 9 #agei1 & gradually absorb$ v>i\s royal & o!r collections1 =m+ a great /oreh\se ( books = s*ol>s & o!r lit]>y work]s4 ,london1 ne>ly a c5tury lat]1 :5 ! public libr>y agitation 0 9 progress1 _h f\r public or semi-public libr>ies1 ^? at ,sion ,college & ,lambe? ,palace1 & ,dr4 ,williams's & ,ar*bi%op ,t5ison's libr>ies4 ,9 a numb] ( l>ge t[ns1 read]s ( ! bett] class enjoy$ ! advantages ( good ref]5ce & l5d+ libr>ies belong+ to ! ,lit]>y & ,sci5tific ,in/itutions4#b ,! libr>y "w ( ! ,me*anics' ,in/itutes has already be5 describ$4 ,b ! libr>ies ( v>i\s k9ds t 7 9 exi/5ce1 mo/ ( !m subscription libr>ies or o!rwise re/rict$ to a n>r[ class ( us]s1 s]v$ only to :et ! appetite ( ! ard5t seek] aft] k1 & to provide ! apo/le ( popul> culture ) an illu/ration ( ! possible4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by ,langley ,sons4 ,,lambe? ,,palace ,,libr>y4 ,! campaign :i* l$ to ! ,public ,libr>y ,acts ( #ahej & #ahec op5$ 9 #ahdd1 :5 ,ri*>d ,cobd5 presid$ at a public meet+ 9 ,man*e/] to consid] ! means ( improv+ popul> ta/e4 ,joseph ,bro!rton1 ! memb] = ,sal=d1 laid ! proposals c>ri$ at ?is meet+ be=e ! influ5tial ,william ,ew>t1 memb] = ! ,dumfries ,burghs1 a ri*1 well-educat$1 mu*-travell$ p]son1 :o 0 an old p>liam5t>y h&1 ) a g5]al desire to see 8 c\ntry provid$ ) libr>y facilities at lea/ equal to ^? :i* he _h f\nd on ! ,cont95t4 ,bro!rton1 a ,lib]al ( ! ,man*e/] s*ool & a /rict ,noncon=mi/1 _h a pr(\nd belief 9 an educat$ p1 & a special confid5ce 9 ! ,lanca%ire op]ative2 he 0 return$ aga9 & aga9 = ,sal=d1 hold+ ! seat cont9u\sly #ahcb-eg4 ,^! two public m5 f\nd an en]getic & well-in=m$ coadjutor 9 ,edw>d ,edw>ds1 a sup]num]>y assi/ant 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 :o _h cut a prom95t figure 9 ! p>liam5t>y inquiry into ! adm9i/ration ( t libr>y1 writ+ pamphlets & appe>+ z an exp]t witness be=e ! second ,select ,committee 9 #ahcf1 aft] =c+ himself into notice by 8 sev]e h&l+ ( ! evid5ce laid be=e ! committee ( #ahce4 ,8 wide k ( libr>ies at home & abroad & 8 ?or\gh acqua9tance ) ! me?ods ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 p>ticul>ly on _! defective side1 toge!r ) ! fre$om & f>-sight$ness ( 8 criticisms & sugge/ions = re=m1 impress$ ! committee1 & l$1 r surpris+ly1 to 8 be+ giv5 8 po/ 9 ! ,museum 9 #ahci4 ,lat]1 8 indep5d5t attitude l$ to friction ) 8 *ief ,panizzi1 & he left abruptly 9 #ahej4 ,edw>ds 0 broad-m9d$ en\gh n to p9 8 fai? on libr>ies alone z an eng9e ( intellectual progress2 he took "p z a pamphlete] 9 ! w>f>e ov] ,london ,univ]sity 9 #ahcf1 p]si/5tly ma9ta9$ t libr>ies & s*ools 7 complem5t>y to ea* o!r1 & po9t$ out t libr>ies %\ld fulfil a v def9ite function 9 promot+ ! intellectual life ( all classes4 ,8 radical views on ! ext5sion ( h\rs & ! op5+ ( ! read+ room 9 ! ev5+1 on bran* libr>ies = ! utilization ( duplicate books1 on improv$ catalogues1 ! bett] supply ( =eign lit]ature & mat]ials = rese>*1 & on num]\s po9ts ( adm9i/ration at ! ,briti% ,museum1 h be5 fulfill$ 9 l>ge "p s9ce 8 "t2 yet "s /ill rema9 a c\nsel ( p]fection4 ,8 aid 0 enli/$ by ,ew>t & ,bro!rton aft] he _h publi%$ "s long articles1 pack$ ) /ati/ics1 on ! inadequacy & inaccessibility ( ! libr>y res\rces ( ,great ,brita9 & ,irel&1 & on ! lib]al provision enjoy$ on ! ,cont95t1 :i* _h a great deal to d ) mak+ conv]ts & secur+ votes :5 public libr>y legislation 0 be=e ,p>liam5t4 ,edw>ds probably exagg]at$ 8 case1 & pa9t$ too gl[+ a picture ( ! weal?y ,cont95tal libr>ies1 at any rate 9 ! fre$om ( access said to be enjoy$ by e citiz54 ,b 8 in/ances ( ,briti% s*ol>s put to undue exp5se & compell$ to live abroad 9 ord] to h libr>ies ( hi/orical mat]ial at h& 7 relevant en\gh4 ,gibbon compla9$ t he _h ! greate/ difficulty 9 consult+ books & _h to obta9 !m f abroad at a heavy exp5se2 he f\nd himself bett] provid$ :5 liv+ 9 ,switz]l& or ,france ?an 9 8 own c\ntry4 ,buckle1 lat] on1 &1 /ill lat]1 ,lecky & ,acton _h to seek _! mat]ial 9 ,cont95tal libr>ies4 ,"o tell+ po9t ,edw>ds made1 t ,engl& 0 unrivall$ 9 its private collections1 ?\gh s poor 9 ^? op5 to ! public--a /ate ( ?+s by no means :olly rem$i$ yet4 ,mean:ile1 ,ew>t & ,bro!rton hav+ put _! heads toge!r1 a piece ( legislation 0 secur$ t w\ld & did ensure ! e/abli%m5t ( a c]ta9 numb] ( public libr>ies1 rate-aid$ if n entirely rate-support$4 ,?is 0 ! ,act ( #ahde = 8,enc\rag+ ! ,e/abli%m5t ( ,museums 9 ,l>ge ,t[ns10 fir/-fruits ( ! proposals pass$ by ! ,man*e/] meet+ ( ! previ\s ye>4 ,x au?oriz$ ! levy ( a halfp5ny rate1 9 t[ns ( n less ?an #aj1jjj inhabitants1 = ! erection ( museums ( sci5ce & art2 x did n all[ public funds to be us$ = pur*as+ books or ev5 exhibits2 & x 0 suppos$ t sal>ies & o!r ma9t5ance *>ges w\ld be defray$ out ( ! p5ny-fees = admission4 ,timid & inadequate z su* measures 71 ! ,act 0 foll[$ at once by ! op5+ ( museums at ,w>r+ton1 ,sal=d1 ,cant]bury1 ,liv]pool1 ,leice/]1 ,dov]1 & ,sund]l&1 ! fir/ ?ree t[ns =m+ collections ( books z well4 ,9 #ahdh ,w>r+ton provid$ ! fir/ free ref]5ce libr>y "u ! ,act1 & also a l5d+ libr>y = ! use ( subscrib]s4 ,bro!rton1 ) ! aid ( a local b5efactor1 saw to x t a libr>y & museum 7 op5$ at ,sal=d 9 #ahej4 ,?us1 al?\gh look+ back we may ?9k x /range t museums %\ld be />t$ be=e libr>ies1 !y did prove a /epp+-/one to ! great] necessity4 ,ew>t n[ appli$ himself to induc+ ! ,h\se ( ,commons to appo9t a ,select ,committee on ! "q ( public libr>ies1 & avail$ himself ( ! s]vices ( ,edw>ds 9 prep>+ evid5ce & fram+ proposals4 ,edw>ds 0 ! *ief witness be=e ! fir/ ,committee appo9t$1 9 #ahdi1 & a special motion ( ?anks = 8 s]vices 0 app5d$ to _! ,report4 ,he gave an acc\nt ( ! res\rces1 conditions1 & relative accessibility to ! public ( #ce ,briti% libr>ies1 ! majority ( :i* 7 univ]sity or college f\ndations & only two1 ! ,w>r+ton & ,*e?am libr>ies1 public 9 a true s5se2 he drew an elaborate comp>ison ) #chc libr>ies ( n less ?an #aj1jjj volumes apiece :i*1 he affirm$1 7 op5 to e "o on ! ,cont95t1 & ) ab\t a hundr$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,9 8 exam9ation by ! ,committee1 he plead$ = grants f ! ,privy ,c\ncil to supplem5t local contributions1 z 7 already be+ giv5 = elem5t>y education2 ! inspection ( libr>ies by ! ,committee ( ,c\ncil on ,education1 & ! in/itution ( a ,m9i/ry ( ,public ,in/ruction *>g$ ) ! control ( public education & ! sup]vision ( public libr>ies2 ! e/abli%m5t1 n z a tax on publi%]s b at ! national exp5se1 ( public depositories = all books publi%$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom2 ! int]national ex*ange ( books = ! enc\ragem5t ( libr>ies4 ,edw>ds urg$ o!r advanc$ ideas1 "s ( :i*1 su* z ! provision ( a diff]5t class ( public libr>ies = c\ntry p>i%es1 h g5]ations lat] begun to be put into actuality4 ,a second ,select ,committee 0 appo9t$ e>ly next ye> to report on ! be/ means ( ext5d+ ! e/abli%m5t ( free public libr>ies1 & ,edw>ds 0 aga9 9 reque/ z a witness4 ,an article ( 8 9 ! ,briti% ,qu>t]ly = ,feb41 #ahej1 _h no d\bt consid]able influ5ce on ! passage ( ! ,public ,libr>ies ,act on ,m>* #ac?1 9 spite ( damag+ criticisms ( 8 /ati/ics4 ,! ,ew>t ,act1 z x is (t5 call$1 8= ,enabl+ ,t[n ,c\ncils to ,e/abli% ,public ,libr>ies & ,museums10 0 purely p]missive4 ,a poll ( burgesses 0 requir$ be=e ! ,act c\ld be put 9 =ce1 & a two-?irds majority 0 prescrib$4 ,! promot]s believ$ t if build+s 7 put up1 suitable cont5ts w\ld be =?com+ f local b5efactors4 ,accord+ly1 no p[] 0 grant$ to buy books4 ,! rate levi$ mu/ n exce$ a halfp5ny1 ! same z _h be5 all[$ by ! ,museums ,act1 ( :i* ?is 0 m]ely an ext5sion4 ,! debate on ! second read+ is rem>kably int]e/+4 ,! argum5ts ( ,ew>t1 ,bro!rton1 ! fa!r ( ,lab\*]e1 & ev5 ,john ,bright1 7 ess5tially utilit>ian4 8,no?+10 ,bright 0 sure1 8w\ld t5d m to ! pres]vation ( ord] ?an ! diffusion ( ! greate/ am\nt ( intellig5ce1 & ! preval5ce ( ! mo/ complete & op5 discussion1 among/ all classes40 ,bro!rton said1 8,"h 7 #b1jjj1jjj a ye> paid = ! puni%m5t ( crime1 yet hon\rable g5tlem5 object$ to tax !mselves a halfp5ny 9 ! p\nd = ! prev5tion ( crime4 ,9 8 op9ion x 0 ( little use to tea* p to read unless y aft]w>ds provid$ !m ) books to :i* !y might apply ! faculty !y _h s acquir$4444 ,he 0 satisfi$ t exp5diture ^u ?is object w\ld be productive n only ( imm5se moral good b ( v mat]ial public economy 9 ! long run40 ,! adv]se argum5ts 7 likewise utilit>ian &1 z a rule1 economic 9 ! purely m]c5>y s5se4 ,r\ndell ,palm]1 aft]w>ds ,e>l ( ,selborne1 80 mo/ truly desir\s to see le>n+ ext5d$10 b prote/$ aga9/ compulsory rat+1 :i* he l(tily said w\ld put a positive *eck on ! 8volunt>y self-support+ desire = k :i* at pres5t exi/$ among/ ! p40 ,"o ob/ructor1 :o 8did n l read+ at all1 & hat$ x :5 at ,ox=d10 said1 8,h[ev] excell5t food = ! m9d might be1 food = ! body 0 :at 0 n[ mo/ want$ = ! p20 & t he w\ld h be5 8mu* m ready to support ! hon\rable g5tleman if he _h tri$ to enc\rage national indu/ry by keep+ out ! =eign]40 ,summ$ up1 ! objections 7 f\r3 t increas$ taxation 0 undesirable2 t x 0 unju/ if n uncon/itutional to make non-us]s pay = ! upkeep ( ! new in/itution2 t too mu* k 0 a dang]\s ?+2 t !re 7 ult]ior objects 9 ! project1 & t libr>ies might become c5tres ( political agitation1 awake feel+s ( discont5t1 & enc\rage economic unre/4 ,! same argum5ts1 obs]ve1 7 he>d 9 ! brief debates accord$ to ! abortive am5d+ ,bills 9 ! decade be=e ! la/ ,public ,libr>ies ,act4 ,yet ! ,ew>t ,act1 at ?is int]val ( "t1 looks a timid1 exp]im5tal1 & by no means f>-sight$ enactm5t1 def5d$ aga9/ excesses by clauses t c\ld sc>ce fail to make ! v exi/5ce ( ! in/itutions x br\ght =? prec>i\s & unfruitful4 ,su* clauses c\ld h>dly h be5 accept$ _h n ! fram]s ( ! ,bill contemplat$ fur!r legislation at an e>ly date1 & conc5trat$ _! ef=ts on mak+ a small b irrevocable beg9n+4 ,! op]ation ( ,ew>t's ,act 0 ext5d$ to ,irel& & ,scotl& 9 #ahec1 & ! same ye> ! ,act 0 am5d$ ) respect to ,scotl&1 rais+ ! rate limitation to "o p5ny4 ,ew>t br\ght 9 a ,bill 9 #ahed = rais+ ! rate limit 9 ,engl& & ,wales to ! same figure1 & au?oriz+ exp5diture ( ! rate income on books4 ,by ?is "t ?irte5 t[ns _h adopt$ ! ,act4 ,z ! ,gov]nm5t oppos$ ! ,bill1 x 0 dropp$ aft] ! second read+2 b next ye> he br\ght 9 a new ,bill1 :i*1 aft] a ke5 debate on ! proposal to provide newspap]s out ( ! rates1 pass$ ) little demur4 ,! rate limit 0 n[ "o p5ny1 & places ( #e1jjj inhabitants or m 7 entitl$ to ! b5efits ( ! ,act2 clauses deal+ ) borr[+ p[]s1 ! acquisition ( sites1 ! mode ( adoption by a poll ( ratepay]s1 & ! special circum/ances ( ! ,city ( ,london1 7 includ$4 ,!re 7 am5d+ ,acts 9 #ahff & lat] ye>s1 b ?is rema9$ ! pr9cipal /atute = ,engl& & ,wales till #ahib4 ,! fir/ t[n to set up a municipal ref]5ce & l5d+ libr>y "u ! ,act ( #ahej 0 ,man*e/]4 ,a subscription rea*+ #ab1hbc1 ( :i* #hjj 0 collect$ by a work+ m5's committee1 0 rais$2 ! ,act 0 adopt$ by an enorm\s majority ( ratepay]s2 ,edw>d ,edw>ds 0 appo9t$ libr>ian1 & books 7 acquir$ 9 read9ess out ( ! volunt>y fund4 ,! orig9al build+ 9 ,campfield 0 op5$ on ,septemb] #bnd1 #aheb1 ) great c]emony1 ,dick5s1 ,?ack]ay1 ,lytton1 & ,monckton ,milnes be+ among ! /atesm5 & o!r p]sonages on ! plat=m4 ,dick5s describ$ ! ,man*e/] und]tak+ z 8a great free s*ool b5t on c>ry+ in/ruction to ! poore/ he>?s40 ,?ack]ay improv$ ^u ,hog>?'s contra/ ( ! wick$ me*anic read+ ,moll ,fl&]s & ! good me*anic read+ ! /ory ( ! appr5tice :o became ,"l ,mayor1 by pictur+ ! ,lanca%ire me*anic read+ ,c>lyle1 ,dick5s1 & ,bulw]4 ,john ,bright look$ =w>d to :5 ! f>m] & c\ntry lab\r] w\ld h a libr>y s]vice4 ,norwi* & ,bolton 7 actually be=e ,man*e/] 9 adopt+ ! ,act1 ,ox=d & ,w9*e/] 7 almo/ z prompt4 ,liv]pool obta9$ a special ,act 9 #aheb to raise a p5ny rate = a libr>y & museum4 ,brighton _h got a local ,act 9 #ahej1 b 0 late 9 e/abli%+ its libr>y4 ,%effield & ,exet] refus$ at fir/ to adopt ! ,act1 b rev]s$ _! decision 9 #ahec & #ahgj respectively4 ,blackburn1 ,cambridge1 & ,ipswi* vot$ = libr>ies 9 #ahec2 ,maid/one1 ,kidd]m9/]1 & ,h]e=d1 9 #ahee4 ,airdrie 0 ! fir/ t[n 9 ,scotl&1 & ,cork ! fir/ 9 ,irel& to adopt ! ,acts p]ta9+ to ^? c\ntries4 ,birk5head1 ,leam+ton1 & two p>i%es 9 ,we/m9/] adopt$ ! ,acts 9 #ahef1 ,walsall1 & ,li*field 9 #aheg1 ,cant]bury 9 #aheh4 ,9 ,london progress 0 sl[ & *equ]$4 ,adv]se polls 7 record$ 9 ! ,city ( ,london1 ,isl+ton1 ,padd+ton1 ,m>ylebone1 ,/4 ,pancras1 & ,camb]well1 ?\gh sev]al wip$ out ! /igma lat]2 ,hackney1 ,:ite*apel1 ,putney1 ,*elt5ham1 ,ba?1 ,hull1 & o!r places 7 likewise recalcitrant2 b ,c>diff1 aft] vot+ d[n ! proposal by a majority ( "o 9 #ahfj1 adopt$ ! ,acts 9 #ahfb4 ,leice/]1 ,burslem1 ,w>wick1 ,oldham1 ,dundee1 ,paisley1 ,nott+ham1 ,cov5try1 ,le$s1 ,donca/]1 & ,wolv]hampton1 7 among ! =ty-six places t _h accept$ public libr>y legislation by #ahfh1 ! ye> tak5 9 a p>liam5t>y report dat$ ,april #aa?1 #ahgj1 f :i* x appe>s t fifty-two libr>ies _h be5 e/abli%$1 ne>ly half a million books acquir$1 & an annual issue ( #c1djj1jjj atta9$4 ,?is 0 ! ye> ( ! ,elem5t>y ,education ,act1 :i* 0 to d away ) ! enorm\s am\nt ( %e] illit]acy t /ill prevail$1 & to raise up pot5tial read]s 9 _! millions1 ?\gh x 0 yet too e>ly to ask = t intimate co-op]ation betwe5 s*ools & libr>ies :i* w\ld h taught ! p n only to read b also h[ & :at to read1 & t5d$ to make ! results ( ev5 a brief elem5t>y education deep & p]man5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,c5tral ,,public ,,libr>y1 ,,nott+ham4 ,! libr>y movem5t made mo/ headway 9 ! nor!rn c\nties & ! midl&s2 ! s\!rn t[ns 7 sl[ 9 com+ 94 ,scotl& also 0 late 9 adopt+ ! ,acts--a curi\s fact1 probably due to ! way ,scotl& is us$ to ! private end[m5t ( public f\ndations4 ,! ,scots are frugal & sav+2 b no p are s g5]\s 9 works = ! common weal4 ,h5ce x is n difficult to und]/& ! reluctance ( ,glasg[ to saddle itself ) a libr>y rate1 :5 x already _h its ,baillie's ,in/itution & ,/irl+'s ,libr>y1 & ! ,mit*ell ,libr>y 0 com+--x actually came 9 #ahgg4 ,ed9burgh also reject$ ! ,acts1 obvi\sly on simil> gr\nds1 until 9 #ahhf an (f] ( #ej1jjj f ,&rew ,c>negie induc$ ! city to *ange its m9d1 at fir/ h[ev]1 levy+ only a halfp5ny rate4 ,irel& 0 v mu* beh9dh&4 ,! foll[+ table %[s ! relative rate ( gr[?1 d[n to #aiji1 ( public libr>ies e/abli%$ "u ! ,acts2 x does n include a numb] provid$ by volunt>y ag5cies or "u special legislation4#c ,engl&4 ,wales4 ,scotl& ,irel&4 ,totals4 #ahdj-ahdi #a -- -- -- #a #ahej-ahei #ah -- #a #a #bj #ahfj-ahfi #ab #a #a -- #ad #ahgj-ahgi #ch #e #e -- #dh #ahhj-ahhi #ea #e #i #e #gj #ahij-ahii #aba #ag #ae #h #afa #aijj-aiji #abe #bi #db #ab #bjh ---------------------------------------- ----------- #cff #eg #gc #bf #ebb ---------------------------------------- ----------- ,accel]at$ gr[? f ! sev5ties onw>ds 0 due to v>i\s causes1 fir/ & =emo/ ! g5]al advance 9 education1 especially :5 ! effects ( ,=/]'s ,act ( #ahgj began to tell4 ,successive am5d+ enactm5ts1 d[n to ! consolidat+ ,act ( #ahib1 ea* remov$ "s ob/acle4 ,?us ! resi/ance ( ,london ratepay]s 0 conciliat$ by an ,act 9 #ahgg p]mitt+ !m to vote a l[] limit ?an "o p5ny4 ,m libr>ies 7 op5$ z a consequ5ce1 b ! h&icap ( an exigu\s income militat$ aga9/ _! welf>e4 ,_m gifts ( funds1 build+s1 or special collections ( books 7 receiv$ f "t to "t1 (t5 ) a proviso t ! municipality %\ld build & ma9ta9 a libr>y4 ,! old objection to ! public end[m5t ( libr>ies1 t x w\ld disc\rage private b\nty1 0 ?us %[n to be aga9/ exp]i5ce z x 0 aga9/ reason2 ?\gh ,briti% g5]osity 9 ?is respect _c /& comp>ison ) t ( ri* ,am]icans4 ,x 0 calculat$ by an ,engli% libr>ian1 ,?omas ,=mby1 9 #ahhi1 t 9 ! la/ ?irty-five ye>s ,briti% libr>ies _h receiv$ a million p\nds f private s\rces1 & ,am]ican libr>ies six times z mu*4 ,a /imulus ( f>-rea*+ effect came into op]ation t[>ds ! close ( ! c5tury1 :5 ,&rew ,c>negie began to make sy/ematic contributions1 fir/ to ,scotti% & !n to o!r ,briti% municipalities1 = ! e/abli%m5t & ext5sion ( public libr>ies4 ,! b5efactions ( an ,engli% philan?ropi/ ,passmore ,edw>ds1 ?\gh m mode/ 9 am\nt1 _h relatively a m salut>y result1 because !y 7 m c>efully adju/$ to local ne$s4 ,! policy ( ,mr4 ,c>negie 01 h[ev]1 v sagaci\s4 ,z a rule1 he gave money = build+s & fixtures alone1 on ! und]/&+ t ! maximum rate all[able %\ld be rais$4 ,! expectation 0 t1 once />t$1 ! libr>y ent]prise 0 b\nd to g on1 & t ) a build+ free f debt x 0 b\nd to ?rive4 ,! sequels 7 n always s satisfactory4 ,_m places 7 tempt$ by ! free gift to build m exp5sive premises ?an !y _h ! :]e)al to ma9ta9 effici5tly4 ,"s emb>k$ on ambiti\s s*emes t left !m ) a heavy burd5 ( debt4 ,l>ge build+s meant1 ( c\rse1 l>ge /affs & heavy e/abli%m5t *>ges2 b ! income 0 /rictly limit$4 ,h5ce _m libr>ies 7 unable to pay _! way1 & at ! same "t af=d a prop] s]vice ( books4 ,!re 0 a judici\s clause 9 ! ,scotti% ,act :i* ought to h be5 ins]t$ 9 all1 by :i* au?orities 7 =bidd5 to raise a loan ( m ?an tw5ty times "o qu>t] ( ! annual rate income4 ,! insuffici5cy ( ! p5ny rate 0 e>ly & acutely realiz$4 ,x weigh$ heavie/ on places ) small incomes4 ,! l>g] ! e/abli%m5t to be kept up1 ! small] ! ratio ( e/abli%m5t exp5ses to ma9t5ance4 ,! limitation _h be5 fix$ s l[ t mo/ t[ns ) a population betwe5 #ej1jjj & #ajj1jjj _h to pursue a h&-to-m\? policy1 & cont5t !mselves ) sp5d+ on books su* sums z happ5$ to rema9 ov] :5 all fix$ *>ges _h be5 defray$4 ,! ma9 reason = ! libr>y books1 _h to be neglect$ = ! sake ( ! build+1 ! m]e case t held ! books4 ,! inadequate /aff t look$ aft] bo? co/ /ill m1 yet 7 ov]work$ & und]paid4 ,l>g] t[ns 7 bett] (f1 n m]ely ?r\gh be+ able to apportion exp5ses m economically1 b also because !y _h m *ances ( gett+ legislative concessions4 ,fur!rmore1 ! civic _s is usually /rong] 9 big cities3 x is "o ( ! reasons :y !y are big cities4 ,!re1 9 ! great indu/rial c5tres1 ! old ,me*anics' ,in/itutes 7 born4 ,!y h be5 /rongholds ( educational endeav\r2 !y 7 ! pione]s ( ! libr>y movem5t4 ,?us x is n surpris+ to f9d ,wolv]hampton1 ,swansea1 ,w>r+ton1 ,%effield1 ,man*e/]1 ,sal=d1 ,birm+ham1 ,newca/le-^u-,tyne1 ,oldham1 ,/4 ,hel5s1 ,walsall1 ,pre/on1 ,wigan1 ,sund]l&1 & sev]al small] indu/rial t[ns obta9+ increas$ rat+ p[]s & wid5+ _! libr>y provision4 ,_m o!r t[ns w\ld gladly h s\ght ! same privileges1 b = ! co/ ( promot+ a special ,act4 ,= _m ye>s be=e ! great w> x 0 borne 9 m & m to ! m9ds ( fri5ds ( ! movem5t t n all 0 well ) public libr>ies1 & a s]ies ( am5d+ ,bills to d away ) ! obsolete re/riction ( income & introduce v>i\s con/ructive re=ms 7 br\ght into ,p>liam5t & /eadily block$4 ,! v>i\s ,acts = ,engl& & ,wales _h be5 consolidat$ 9 ! ,public ,libr>ies ,act ( #ahib4 ,?is h>moniz$ sev]al conflict+ enactm5ts1 laid x d[n t adoption ( ! ,acts %\ld be by resolution ( ! local au?ority1 except 9 ,london1 & all[$ neighb\r+ di/ricts to comb9e = libr>y purposes4 ,x left ! rate limitation :]e x 04 ,"s inf9itesimal relief came f ! ,museums & ,gymnasiums ,act ( #ahia1 :]eby ! upkeep ( museums c\ld be *>g$ to a special museum rate4 ,! ,local ,gov]nm5t ,act ( #ahid1 on ! o!r h&1 introduc$ "s complications into libr>y law1 & made x ev5 m impossible ?an h]et(ore = rural di/ricts to come "u ! ,acts4 ,am5d+ ,acts = ,scotl& & ,irel& pass$ t ye>4 ,9 c]ta9 po9ts1 ! ,scotti% ,acts1 :i* _h be5 consolidat$ 9 #ahhg1 _h advantages ov] ! ,engli%4 ,! precaution aga9/ extravagant build+ loans has be5 m5tion$ already4 ,fur!r1 committees mu/ conta9 n less ?an t5 & n m ?an tw5ty memb]s1 half ! numb] be+ appo9t$ f ! local magi/rates or c\ncillors & half f o!r h\sehold]s4 ,_m if n mo/ ,engli% au?orities draw _! committees exclusively f _! own body4 ,! disadvantages are tw(old4 ,! ord9>y bor\gh c\ncillor is an ov]work$ p]son1 att5d+ _m committees1 among :i* ! libr>ies committee r>ely1 9 municipal politics1 c\nts z ! mo/ important4 ,he is apt to reg>d 8 duties on t committee 9 a p]functory way4 ,! ord9>y memb] ( a c\ncil1 moreov]1 is elect$ (t5] ?an n = v diff]5t objects f ! welf>e ( a public libr>y1 x may be simply to keep d[n ! rates2 & 8 qualifications = ^! objects may v well t5d to disqualify him = enlight5$ s]vice on ! gov]n+ body ( a public libr>y4 ,a book sub-committee ) h>dly a s+le memb] t reads1 has1 un=tunately1 be5 no r>ity "u ! conditions t /ill prevail1 ) a *airman /&+ = an obscuranti/ & reaction>y policy t[>ds ?is despis$ dep>tm5t ( ! municipal entity4 ,h5ce ! peculi> desirability ( hav+ outsid]s ) lib]al views1 a lib]al education1 & "s famili>ity ) books & libr>ies1 add$ to ! repres5tatives ( ! c\ncil4 ,?is "q w arise aga9 :5 ! possibilities ( a new regime come 9 = discussion4 ,f "t to "t x 0 sugge/$ by critics & w\ld-be re=m]s t public libr>ies ought n to rema9 a s]ies ( isolat$ in/itutions1 able to co-op]ate nei!r ) ea* o!r nor ) ! s*ools & o!r intellectual activities4 ,edw>d ,edw>ds & also 8 biograph] ,?omas ,gre5wood1 "o ( ! wise/ & mo/ dis9t]e/$ fri5ds ! libr>y movem5t has ev] _h1 look$ =w>d to ! co-ord9ation ( all ^! dep>tm5ts ( ! body politic z a body intellectual "u ! sup]vision ( a ,gov]nm5t m9i/]4 ,! same re=m 0 moot$ by ,j4 ,j4 ,ogle1 a public libr>ian & a secret>y ( education1 :o1 9 ,! ,free ,libr>y 7#ahig71 easily dispos$ ( ! argum5t t ,/ate inspection & ,/ate grants w\ld mean uni=mity ( me?od4 ,9 #aijd ! ,libr>y ,association at _! annual conf]5ce1 aft] sev]al sessions _h be5 devot$ to consid]+ ! pros & cons1 pass$ a /rong resolution affirm+ 8,t ! public libr>y %\ld be recogniz$ z =m+ "p ( ! national educational ma*9]y40 ,?us ! ideas ( close int]action promot$ by c5tral control & ( intimate correlation ( libr>ies & ! o!r in/rum5ts ( public education _h be5 well-debat$1 long be=e !y 7 tak5 ov]1 along ) ! m press+ "q ( ! rate limit1 z obvi\s items = ! ag5da ( ! ,adult ,education ,committee1 :i* 0 appo9t$ 9 ,july #aiag z a sub-committee ( ! ,recon/ruction ,committee1 to be m]g$ pres5tly 9 ! ,m9i/ry ( ,recon/ruction4 ,h[ ?is ,committee h&l$ ! con/ructive proposals w be %[n lat] on4 ,two ( ! re=ms !y recomm5d$ 7 embodi$ 9 a ,gov]nm5t ,bill1 :i* became law on ,decemb] #bcrd1 #aiba4 ,bo? ( ^! 71 9 ess5ce if n 9 =m1 ! abolition ( illogical & obsolete disabilities1 inh]it$ f ! e>ly days ( ! ,ew>t ,acts4 ,! fir/ grievance to be remov$ 0 ! rate limit4 ,:5 ev5 ! advocates ( ! public libr>y ?\ght x w\ld be ma9ly ! work+ classes t w\ld use x1 !re 0 "s reason = keep+ d[n ! co/1 economic reasons z well z reasons ( policy4 ,:5 libr>ies _h be5 9 exi/5ce = m ?an half a c5tury1 & e class 9 ! community us$ !m )\t di/9ction1 x 0 mon/r\s t a municipality own+ a libr>y %\ld be deb>r$ f keep+ its own prop]ty up to ! m>k if x 0 will+ to pay ! bill4 ,bankruptcy 0 already ?reat5+ _m libr>y au?orities ev5 be=e ! w>2 be=e ! end ( x1 "s 7 be+ %ut up1 num]\s o!rs 7 cutt+ d[n _! s]vices to ! vani%+ po9t4 ,c\ncils 7 =bidd5 by law to pay ! ord9>y w> bonus to _! libr>y /affs1 :o _h be=e ^! *anges be5 ! wor/-paid ( _! employees4 ,x 0 a "q ( life or dea?4 ,relief mu/ come at once1 or half ! libr>ies 9 ! c\ntry w\ld cease to exi/4 ,relief 0 v\*saf$1 & ) x a second re/riction 0 end$1 t :i* deb>r$ ,c\nty ,c\ncils f sett+ up a libr>y s]vice = ! villages4 ,sy/ems ( rural libr>ies 7 already spr++ up ?r\gh ! monet>y grants ( ! ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/1 & 7 be+ c>ri$ on1 legally or illegally x 0 d\btful :i*1 by ! ,education ,committees4 ,to d some?+ to /imulate an intellig5t social life on ! l& 0 indisp5sable1 if ! dreams ( recoloniz+ ,brita9 & reviv+ agriculture 7 to come to any?+4 ,! ,bill pass$1 )\t an e*o ( ! /r5u\s opposition t _h greet$ its _m pr$ecessors1 :i* _h made mu* small] dem&s on ! public purse4 ,x remov$ two crippl+ disabilities1 b ! con/ructive proposals ( ! ,adult ,education ,committee x did n t\*4 ,two mo/ =midable ob/ructions _h be5 cle>$ away3 ! =w>d leap 0 yet to take4 ,0 x to be def]r$ indef9itely1 or might ! ,act be accept$ z prelude to a compreh5sive libr>y *>t]1 to be prep>$ z soon z ! ,committee's num]\s recomm5dations c\ld be r$uc$ to legislative =m8 ,,footnotes3 #a ,adult ,education ,committee4 ,f9al ,report1 p4 #ad4 #b e4g4 ,t at ,ed9burgh 7dat+ f #agbe71 ,london 7#agdi71 ,liv]pool 7#ageh71 ,man*e/] 7#agha71 ! ,newca/le 8,lit4 ,phil0 7#agic74 #c ,pr(essor ,w4 ,s4 ,b4 ,adams4 ,report on ,libr>y ,provision & ,policy 7,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/1 #aiae74 ,,ii ,,:at ,,is ,a ,,libr>y ,,s]vice8 ,!re is an enorm\s diff]5ce betwe5 ! libr>y s]vice enjoy$ 9 ! m progressive municipalities1 :]e public op9ion has be5 prop]ly educat$ & ! au?orities mean to d _! be/1 :atev] ! f9ancial imp$im5ts1 & h a cle> conception ( :at is ! be/1 & ! p]functory s]vice 9 places :]e ! libr>y is an unwelcome addition to ! municipal family1 :i* _c be got rid ( b mu/ be prev5t$ f becom+ a burd5 on ! rates4 ,! mo/ progressive ( libr>ians & libr>y committee-m5 w\ld freely admit t no public libr>y 9 ?is c\ntry is do+ all t x might = ! community1 or any?+ l :at x w d :5 ! libr>y habit has be5 in/ill$ into ! av]age citiz54 ,! mo/ progressive are b lead+ ! way2 ! goal is /ill 9 ! future4 ,accord+ly1 an acc\nt ( ! be/ "w n[ be+ done by ! be/ libr>ies w s]ve two purposes3 x w %[ ! possibilities t are actually be+ atta9$2 x w help ! read] to build up m5tally a complete type ( :at a libr>y s]vice might be4 ,,l5d+ ,,libr>ies4 8,! jug & bottle dep>tm5t10 z x has be5 cynically call$ by illib]al critics1 is ! olde/ &1 9 a s5se1 ! fundam5tal "p ( a public libr>y s]vice4 ,!re 7 l5d+ libr>ies be=e #ahej1 b none t c\ld be reg>d$ z its prototype4 ,x 0 a consequ5ce ( ! new democratic idea4 ,9 e>li] times a libr>y simply provid$ books to be read on ! spot4 ,circulat+ libr>ies1 su* z began to be common 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 7 %ops t l5t out books1 *iefly light lit]ature1 to subscrib]s ( ! leisur$ classes4 ,! lit]>y & sci5tific in/itutions all[$ _! books to be borr[$1 )\t tr\bl+ to divide _! /ock into di/9ct collections1 or worry+ !mselves ) ! /&+ puzzle ( ! mod]n libr>ian1 %\ld ?is book1 :i* is nei!r a novel nor an encyclopdia1 g on ! l5d+ or ! ref]5ce %elves8 ,! /ronge/ argum5t = rate-support$ libr>ies 0 t ! /udi\s p]son :o c\ld n af=d to buy books1 or ! no less m]itori\s p]son :o wi%$ to enjoy good lit]ature 9 an arm*air b c\ld n pay a subscription1 %\ld be enabl$ to read at home4 ,access to libr>ies 0 an excell5t ?+1 & e seek] aft] k 0 entitl$ !reto1 b a supply ( books 9 ! home 0 a great] boon1 & "o t w\ld h a f> deep] effect on ! m5tal life ( ! nation4 ,ev5 a ,freeman c\ld n "w 9 a ref]5ce libr>y1 b _h to borr[--or buy4 ,circum/ances ( a diff]5t k9d make ! libr>y ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 & ev5 ! local read+ room inaccessible1 or at any rate insuffici5t1 to mo/ busy p4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! ,london ,libr>y--! f9e/ l5d+ libr>y 9 ! _w--is pro( en\gh ( ! mo/ s]i\s k9d ( read]'s ne$ = a home supply ( books4 ,cat]+ = all classes1 = all ages1 & = us]s hav+ all sorts ( motives = read+1 ! municipal l5d+ libr>y w n admit any petty or re/rict$ purpose to limit ! scope ( its cont5ts4 ,co/ly books1 if x acquires su* by pur*ase or gift1 & works ( ! atlas or diction>y type1 w = diff]5t b equally obvi\s reasons g into ! ref]5ce dep>tm5t1 h[ev] small t may happ5 to be4 ,v *eap books1 ) c]ta9 exceptions1 x w n supply4 ,college text-books may be refus$1 on ! score t /ud5ts %\ld h !m = _! own1 unless !re are circum/ances t ju/ify a diff]5t c\rse4 ,"s books may be reject$ = reasons ( public morality1 ?\gh a n>r[-m9d$ puritanism mu/ n be tol]at$4 ,o!rwise1 ! l5d+ libr>y %\ld develop on ! mo/ ca?olic l9es4 ,! light lit]ature t 0 ! /aple ( ! old-fa%ion$ circulat+ libr>y w1 ) ! rubbi% /]nly & dra/ically sift$ out1 =m a consid]able proportion ( ! /ock-9-trade4 ,9 ! m9ds ( "s %ort-sight$ p1 inde$1 ! public libr>y is id5tifi$ ) ov]-?umb$ & dog-e>$ novels1 & suppos$ to be a purveyor *iefly ( books = private amusem5t at ! public exp5se4 ,! /ati/ics t seem to au?orize su* a view are misund]/ood4 ,half-a-doz5 novels usually take less "t to read ?an does a s+le sub/antial "w ( sci5ce1 hi/ory1 or ev5 ! o!r k9ds ( belles-lettres2 & make six times z mu* %[ 9 ! record ( issues4 ,if all[ance be made = ?is obvi\s fact1 /udy ( ! figures w usually reveal t a great] am\nt ( read+ hav+ a s]i\s value is go+ on ?an ( read+ = m]e pa/ime4 ,"o ought to apply a diff]5t k9d ( calculus2 b till a sort ( m5tal foot-p\nd1 a unit ( en]gy exp5d$ effectively 9 self-developm5t1 has be5 fix$1 we c m]ely ask t /ati/ics %\ld be int]pret$ ) a due consci\sness ( :at humane lit]ature is1 & ) common s5se4 ,ov]-?umb$ novels are no argum5t aga9/ public libr>ies1 b a v /rong argum5t = mak+ sure t ! supply ( fiction is ( ! be/1 & = d\bl+1 quadrupl+1 & multiply+ fur!r ! supply ( fir/-rate novels4 ,if !re are always en\gh ( ^! to g r\nd1 critics on ! "o h& & grumbl]s on ! o!r may be disreg>d$4 ,! work%op !ory1 :i* is on ! face ( x a s\nd guide = ! developm5t ( ! ref]5ce libr>y1 ?\gh by no means a complete /atem5t ( its functions1 applies also to ! l5d+ dep>tm5t4 ,on ! "o h&1 ?is %\ld m9i/] to our recreations & our /hetic & spiritual ne$s2 x w be well-/ock$ ) excell5t novels1 ! be/ poetry1 drama1 essays1 & humane lit]ature 9 g5]al4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x w cat] = ! /ud5t & s]i\s read] 9 all bran*es ( k1 & w provide all ! books x c ( g5]al use = indu/rial & amateur craftsm51 %opkeep]s & o!r bus9ess p1 & ! pr(essional classes4 ,! libr>ian & ! book-select+ committee w h a ke5 eye = ! ne$s ( tea*]s1 j\rnali/s1 m9i/]s ( religion1 & all :o are 9 any way intellectual lead]s4 ,"o heal?y consequ5ce ( ! work%op !ory is ! rule t a libr>y mu/ nev] be cumb]$ ) dead /ock4 ,books t h be5 sup]s$$ or h outliv$ _! int]e/ mu/ be ru?lessly disc>d$4 ,! work%op libr>y has no room = any b live books4 ,su* f ! fir/ h be5 ! aims ( ! great bulk ( our public libr>ies1 )1 naturally1 "s laxity "h & !re1 & 9 r>] in/ances too mu* /rictness 9 reg>d to education & m5tal improvem5t or ! cult ( m]e utilit>ian effici5cy4 ,!re are betwe5 five & six hundr$ libr>y build+s "u ! ,public ,libr>y ,acts 9 ?is c\ntry1 & ) few exceptions ea* conta9s a l5d+ libr>y1 & "s h>dly any?+ else4 ,a coroll>y ( ?is di/ribut+ s]vice is ! bran* libr>y4 ,liv]pool _h two bran*es by #ahec1 & o!r t[ns quickly foll[$ suit4 ,a v l>ge proportion ( ^! build+s are bran* libr>ies1 e/abli%$ s z to br+ a /ock ( books = l5d+ z ne> z may be to y\r door4 ,to-day1 ! bigge/ prov9cial cities h ea* f a doz5 to a score su* di/rict libr>ies2 ! av]age t[n or metropolitan bor\gh has two or ?ree4 ,"s places are cont5t ) deliv]y /ations2 "s h ^! & bran*es z well4 ,! deliv]y /ation is a device = br++ books t h be5 ask$ = f ! c5tral res]voir to ! ne>e/ po9t1 & is a conv5i5ce to read]s :o h n ! "t1 or d n ?9k x wor? :ile1 to visit ! libr>y 9 p]son4 ,giv5 a fir/-class catalogue & intellig5t read]s1 ! deliv]y /ation is a useful make%ift4 ,b !re are weighty reasons :y x is mu* bett] to invite ,mahomet to ! m\nta9--:y a s]vice ?r\gh di/rict libr>ies w h m valuable results ?an "o ?r\gh deliv]y /ations4 ,! be/ sy/ems comb9e ! advantages ( bo? me?ods1 mak+ ! read] free ( all ! bran* libr>ies 9 a t[n1 ) ! "r ( direct access to ! book-%elves1 & at ! same "t br++ books f o!r bran*es to ! "o ne>e/ ! read] :o is unable or f9ds x inconv5i5t to visit ! libr>y 9 p]son4 ,man*e/] & ,glasg[1 = example1 h a motor-s]vice :]eby all ! books 9 a score ( di/rict libr>ies are pool$ z "o va/ /ock1 accessible1 ) a m9imum ( exp5se1 difficulty1 or delay1 to ! borr[]s situat$ at any po9t 9 ! civic area4 ,make y\r libr>y area big en\gh1 & y c provide ! maximum ( opportunities at ! m9imum co/4 ,dur+ ! la/ two decades1 public libr>ies h be5 rev]t+ to t old & s5sible mode ( work+ :i*1 on its re9troduction1 0 /yl$ 8,op5 ,access40 ,practice v>i$ 9 =m] times betwe5 lett+ ! read] loose among ! books & %utt+ ^! beh9d doors or %utt]s4 ,:5 ! new era began 9 #ahej1 ! new race ( libr>ians beheld !mselves confront$ ) an unprec$5t$ & haz>d\s problem4 ,"h 0 ! multitude ( fami%$ read]s1 :o _h nev] exp]i5c$ ! civiliz+ influ5ce ( libr>ies1 :o might be di%one/1 & :o c]ta9ly _h to be s]v$ exp$iti\sly & 9 l>ge numb]s2 & !re 0 ! /ock ( books1 :i* mu/ be kept 9 work+ ord] & unpilf]$4 ,h5ce ! clos$ libr>y--! books on "o side ( a c\nt] & ! read+ prolet>iat on ! o!r4 ,!n1 9 an ill-om5$ mom5t1 indicators 7 inv5t$1 & ! prolet>iat c\ld n ev5 see ! books at a di/ance1 b mu/ try to f9d out1 fir/1 :at x want$ f a catalogue1 p]haps an abbreviat$ =m ( h&-li/ convey+ little mean+ to ! unbooki% & !n1 ?r\gh a num]ical sy/em comp>$ to :i* ,brad%aw or a c5sus competition is an intellectual delight1 :e!r !re 0 a *ance ( gett+ :at x want$4 ,! libr>y movem5t w\ld h spread ) f> great] rapidity1 & its results on ! national m5tality w\ld h be5 f> deep] & m ext5d$1 b = ! long reign ( ! clos$ sy/em4 ,v l>ge libr>ies mu/ keep ! ma9 bulk ( _! accumulations 9 a place ap>t2 o!rwise !y c\ld n conta9 !m at all4 ,:5 ! /ock beg9s to approa* six figures1 a libr>ian beg9s to ?9k ( hav+ a /ack1 or "s analog\s =m ( magaz9e1 accessible to none b (ficials & att5dants4 ,b 9 libr>ies ( mod]ate dim5sions !re is no reason :y ! public %\ld be lock$ out1 & ! mo/ conv9c+ reason :y x %\ld be invit$ & p]suad$ to come 94 ,"o mu/ be some?+ ( a book-exp]t to "k always precisely :at book "o wants2 & !n "o may fail to obta9 x ?r\gh ! me*anism ( a catalogue & an indicator4 ,! ord9>y p]son w assimilate m m5tal food f br[s+ among ! %elves ?an he w\ld 9 ?rice ! "t f read+ :at ! *ance ( ! indicator br\ght him "u ?is discr$it$ sy/em4 ,x may be t m books w disappe>2 b a c]ta9 p]c5tage ( losses may be fac$ ) equanimity2 x is "o ( ! runn+ exp5ses ( true effici5cy1 & ! results are well wor? ! co/4 ,9 all ! mo/ rec5t public libr>ies1 & 9 a v l>ge numb] ( ! old]1 reorganiz$ 9 ! light ( ?is re=m1 ! public h ! ine/imable advantage ( h&l+ ! books1 & see+1 z x 7 9 a bird's-eye view1 _! relations to ! o!r books 9 ! sph]e ( k or ( art1 be=e decid+ :at !y want n[ & w want lat] on4 ,?is has _h an immeasurable effect on ! quality ( ! read+--on ! education ( ! public ta/e4 ,only libr>ians "k h[ difficult x us$ to be to lift a c]ta9 class ( read] out ( an old rut1 to p]suade him1 or m (t5 h]1 to try an unfamili> au?or4 ,once get ov] ! difficulties ( an introduction to ,george ,eliot1 ,?omas ,h>dy1 or ,tol/oy1 & ! devotee ( ,guy ,boo?by & ,*>les ,g>vice1 :o 0 /one-bl9d to ! bl&i%m5ts ( ! pr9t$ catalogue1 w m>* on /eadily 9 ! new _w t has be5 op5$4 ,x is ! fir/ /ep t c\nts 9 8 lit]>y salvation1 & 9 an op5 access libr>y ! fir/ /ep is pretty sure to be tak51 if ! cont5ts h be5 well & tactfully select$4 ,an inducem5t to read o!r ?+s ?an fiction is (f]$ 9 _m progressive libr>ies4 ,?is is a g5]al p]mission to borr[ two books at a "t1 provid$ only "o is a novel4 ,tea*]s & o!r privileg$ p]sons are (t5 all[$ z _m z half-a-doz5 at once4 ,!re is inde$ no reason except insuffici5cy ( /ock :y any intellig5t read] %\ld n be able to h ?ree or f\r books toge!r1 & a great _m argum5ts = lib]ality4 ,?ree are regul>ly all[$ at ,cov5try1 & 9 ,am]ican libr>ies1 g5]\s concessions are made on any reasonable gr\nds2 9 "s ! d>+ pr9ciple ( 8,take z _m z y l0 is 9 vogue1 & _m libr>ies l5d freely to all com]s )\t ! irritat+ insi/5ce on local resid5ce or local gu>antee :i* rules ov] "h4 ,to a man pursu+ a s]i\s c\rse ( /udy x is a manife/ advantage to h sev]al works 9 h&2 ! habit %\ld be enc\rag$4 ,! co/ w be consid]able2 b x w be a co/ 9 books n build+s1 s9ce ! extra books w usually be 9 ! h&s ( read]s & n 9 ne$ ( h\se-room & l>g] premises4 ,! co/ c & ought to be borne n[ t libr>y incomes are m ela/ic1 if au?orities take a s]i\s view ( _! responsibilities & ! "p !y %\ld play 9 ! bus9ess ( education4 ,look at ! empty %elves 9 almo/ any popul> libr>y1 & ! nature ( ! problem w be app>5t4 ,! actual situation is significant4 ,! ne$ is = m books1 & bett] books1 r ?an m build+s4 ,! "o ess5tial to a successful libr>y s]vice exi/s1 a great public dem&--want+ m guidance1 p]haps1 & susceptible ( education 9 ! wis] use ( books1 b /ill vigor\s1 spontane\s1 & unsatisfi$4 ,!re is an unprec$5t$ dem& = books1 fully comm5surate ) ! dem&1 all ov] ! c\ntry1 = educational facilities4 ,& !re is an unprec$5t$ %ortage ( books on ! l5d+ libr>y %elves4 ,dur+ ! w>1 exp5ses 7 kept d[n1 & ! gaps due to we> & te> 7 n fill$ up4 ,b9d+ 0 all[$ to fall into woeful arre>s4 ,n[1 ! co/ ( bookb9d+ has gone up ?reefold1 ! price ( books has d\bl$4 ,yet "u ^! disabl+ conditions1 _m a prov9cial t[n & a numb] ( ,london bor\ghs h an annual issue ( a million or !reab\ts4 ,manife/ly1 ! municipal l5d+ libr>y is a mighty p[] 9 ! l&4 ,"o libr>ian1 9 a bor\gh :]e1 x has rec5tly be5 affirm$1 ! av]age intellig5ce is eighty "u pro(1 tells me t out ( #fij volumes ( ,rid] ,hagg>d's v>i\s novels1 :i* h to be duplicat$ ov] & ov] aga91 he w\ld n expect to f9d m ?an sixte5 on ! %elf at a giv5 mom5t4 ,sir ,h5ry ,rid] ,hagg>d is n a classic2 he lies on ! bord] betwe5 ! k9d ( fiction to be tol]at$ & ! k9d to be enc\rag$4 ,nev]!less1 empty %elves are a p[]ful argum5t4 ,! foll[+ p>agraph surely speaks ) a mo/ conv9c+ eloqu5ce ( ! "w public libr>ies are p]=m+2 x is f ! prospectus ( ! late/ ,london bor\gh to set up a libr>y sy/em1 ! bor\gh t has ! l>ge/ population ( ! l[] middle class & ! poor4 ,?is sy/em is /ill 9 its infancy1 yet x has a*iev$ an annual issue ( ne>ly a million volumes1 & ! sep>ate uses ( its libr>ies & read+ rooms are e/imat$1 on a c\nt1 to numb] #c1dif1jjj dur+ ! ye>4 8,! co/ ( ! ,public ,libr>ies to ea* inhabitant ( ,isl+ton is "o-fif? ( a p5ny p] week4 ,= ?is outlay ea* p]son has at 8 or h] disposal3 ,l5d+ libr>ies conta9+ #ge1jjj volumes2 ,ref]5ce ,libr>ies conta9+ #aj1jjj volumes2 ,*ildr5's libr>ies conta9+ #aj1jjj volumes2 ,read+ rooms conta9+ all ! be/ curr5t newspap]s1 magaz9es & p]iodicals ( importance2 & all ^! res\rces are con/antly increas+4 8,a p5ny newspap] daily co/s #ce times z mu* z ?is ext5sive s]vice40 ,books are n ! only w>es 9 :i* ! l5d+ libr>y deals4 ,mo/ ( !m circulate music 9 b\nd volumes1 9 %eets1 9 portfolios2 "s l5d pianola records4 ,ordnance ,survey maps are issu$ to rambl]s & t\ri/s1 geological maps to /ud5ts2 pr9ts & te*nical diagrams & o!r articles ( use to ! sci5ti/1 craftsman1 or /ud5t are sometimes among ! circulat+ /ock4 ,,ref]5ce ,,libr>ies4 ,! l5d+ libr>y is = /udy & recreation1 ! ref]5ce libr>y = /udy & in=mation1 ! latt] t]m cov]+ ! s\rces to be explor$ by ! rese>* /ud5t4 ,a ref]5ce libr>y is a mu* m exp5sive ?+ ?an a l5d+ collection ( ! same num]ical ext5t4 ,diction>ies1 miscellane\s mod]n encyclopdias1 atlases1 _m-volum$ treatises1 books hav+ co/ly illu/rations1 & ! num]\s & rapidly multiply+ books ( inquiry1 directories1 ye>-books1 & o!r comp5diums ( in=mation1 bibliographies & o!r regi/]s--all ^! f9d _! appropriate home 9 ?is dep>tm5t1 :]e also are /or$ cal5d>s ( /ate pap]s1 ,annual ,regi/]s1 ,hans>d1 b\nd p]iodicals1 transactions ( le>n$ societies1 & o!r long sets1 ! risk ( mutilat+ :i* r5d]s !m unsuitable = l5d+ out4 ,su* works z ! ,cambridge ,hi/ory ( ,engli% ,lit]ature & ! ,m$ival & ,mod]n ,hi/ories are usually duplicat$1 "o set at lea/ be+ available = l5d+2 a ho/ ( small] works1 ev5 ! exp5sive ones1 are likewise duplicat$ :5 x c be af=d$4 ,9 ! l>ge c5tres ( population1 ref]5ce libr>ies 7 op5$ soon aft] ! pass+ ( ! ,ew>t ,act1 & !y h gr[n apace1 to no small ext5t z ! result ( w9dfalls 9 ! %ape ( gifts or legacies ( private collections amass$ by amateurs & o!r exp]ts4 ,9 ! less] t[ns1 ! l5d+ dep>tm5t bulks l>ge 9 comp>ison ) ! ref]5ce dep>tm5t1 :i* too (t5 has _h p]=ce to be neglect$4 ,! "o has be5 reg>d$ z a necessity1 ! o!r z a luxury t mu/ wait = bett] times4 ,! places 9 ! k+dom :]e a s*ol> c\ld live & pursue 8 tasks ) mo/ ( 8 mat]ial )9 easy rea*1 9 public or semi-public libr>ies1 c /ill be c\nt$ on ! f+]s ( "o h&3 ,london & ,ed9burgh1 ! two anci5t univ]sity cities1 p]haps ,man*e/]1 & possibly ,dubl94 ,^! t[ns h be5 fav\r$ by o!r disp5sations ?an ! ,public ,libr>y ,acts4 ,yet ,liv]pool1 ,birm+ham1 & ,glasg[ ea* comm& at lea/ a qu>t] ( a million books 9 _! ref]5ce libr>ies2 & ,newca/le-^u-,tyne1 ,le$s1 ,bri/ol1 ,c>diff1 ,nott+ham1 & inde$ mo/ t[ns ) ov] #ajj1jjj inhabitants1 possess ref]5ce collections respectable 9 ! size & quality ( _! cont5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by ,donald ,macbe?4 ,,read+ ,,room ,,9 ,,! ,,briti% ,,museum4 ,to reg>d ?is dep>tm5t z m]ely a luxury is a bad mi/ake4 ,true1 x is n a daily necessity ( life to ! av]age man2 b !re 0 a "t--!re /ill is a "t 9 _m p>ts ( ! c\ntry--:5 ev5 a l5d+ libr>y is n suppos$ to be t4 ,yet ! m l5d+ libr>ies are us$ to good purpose1 ! great] w be ! av]age man's ne$ = a place :]e he c seek or v]ify in=mation ( e sort2 :]e ! /ud5t may consult ! l>g] works ( :i* 8 text-books are b elem5t>y ab/racts or expositions1 & f9d encyclopdias1 lexicons1 atlases1 & comm5t>ies to aid & elucidate 8 read+2 :]e ! busy work]1 :atev] 8 occupation1 may see ! exp5sive te*nical treatises & illu/rat$ monographs t are indisp5sable to an intellig5t pursuit ( 8 call+4 ,! political & social work] w f9d "h ! /ati/ical returns1 ! inv5tor ! ,pat5t ,(fice specifications1 ! rese>*]1 if he _c get all he wants1 w discov] :]e x is to be f\nd f a lib]al supply ( catalogues & bibliographies4 ,ref]5ce libr>ies are ! obvi\s complem5t to a s]vice ( books = home consumption4 ,! b\nd>y betwe5 _! doma9s is n easy to m>k out1 nor w any attempt be made "h to answ] ! fav\rite "q ( ! gravell$ exam9] 9 libr>y r\t9e3 ,:at di/+ui%es a ref]5ce book f "o = ! l5d+ libr>y8 ,9 mo/ cases ! di/9ction is obvi\s2 9 ! m difficult1 local circum/ances may settle ! po9t4 ,libr>ians 9 *>ge ( comp>atively small libr>ies may well %irk a f9al v]dict1 & all[ mu* latitude 9 ! use ( ref]5ce books = l5d+1 & ! conv]se :5 ! l5d+ libr>y book is 94 ,?us ! :ole /ock ( books on ! premises is at ! read]'s disposal )\t any p$antic re/rictions4 ,z an ,am]ican au?ority s5sibly puts x1 8,obvi\sly !re is no book t may n be us$ = #8ref]5ce4' ,a read] :o consults "o ( ,an?ony ,hope's /ories to asc]ta9 ! "n ( a "* or to refre% 8 memory 9 reg>d to "s incid5t1 )\t read+ x consecutively1 is us+ x z a ref]5ce book40#d ,ev5 a magaz9e or review may be a "w ( ref]5ce4 ,back numb]s ( all t are wor? tak+ 9 are wor? pres]v+ = ref]5ce purposes2 & ^!1 ) ! b\nd sets ( pa/ ye>s1 %\ld be always available = use4 ,en]getic libr>ians index all ! important articles z !y come out2 ! publi%$ indexes to p]iodicals =m+ a key to ! old] numb]s4 ,la/ly1 ! v newsroom has its place 9 ! ref]5ce s*eme1 its cont5ts be+ a daily app5dix to ! /ores ( in=mation 9 ! libr>y4 ,no dep>tm5t ( ! libr>y economy %\ld "w 9 isolation4 ,9 ,london1 pr9cipally ?r\gh ! circum/ance t ! tw5ty-eight bor\ghs n[ exi/+ 7 prec$$ by eighty-two p>i%es1 two-?irds ( :i* _h set up libr>ies = !mselves be=e ! pres5t libr>y di/ricts & bor\gh au?orities came into be+ 9 #aijb1 !re are f> too _m ref]5ce libr>ies 9 proportion to l5d+ libr>ies4 ,mo/ ( ^! are ( indiff]5t or inf]ior quality1 &1 if !y 7 suppress$ & _! collections c5traliz$ 9 a s]ies ( l>ge di/rict ref]5ce libr>ies1 few w\ld miss !m1 & ! g5]al ga9 w\ld be enorm\s4 ,all ! same1 m num]\s ready-ref]5ce libr>ies are want$4 ,e bran* libr>y %\ld h a collection ( diction>ies1 atlases1 & g5]al encyclopdias1 9 %ort all ! books t a bus9ess firm1 a s*ool1 or ! l usually provides = daily use4 ,b1 s9ce ref]5ce libr>ies are s exp5sive1 x is a va9 & wa/eful policy to duplicate !m at r&om2 & ! result is m]ely a scatt]$ s]ies ( middl+ libr>ies1 f> inf]ior to ^? op5 to all ! _w 9 ,birm+ham1 ,liv]pool1 & ,man*e/]1 ) a crippl+ ( res\rces 9 o!r directions4 ,?is is n said to belittle local ef=t4 ,! po9t is t1 ?\gh ,isl+ton1 ,we/m9/]1 or ,*elsea may ea* build up a ref]5ce libr>y n inf]ior to t f\nd 9 ! av]age prov9cial t[n ( l population1 ,isl+ton1 ,we/m9/]1 & ,*elsea are1 aft] all1 p>ts ( ,london1 & ! ,london] ought to be va/ly bett] (f ?an ! av]age prov9cial--else :y %\ld he /ay !re8 ,?\gh to "o acqua9t$ ) ! exact+ ne$s ( all grades & v>ieties ( read]s ! defici5cies ( our ref]5ce libr>ies are evid5t en\gh1 x is none ! less true t ! ri*ness ( _! cont5ts & ! value !y yield to judici\s us]s are realiz$ by only a fraction ( ! public4 ,libr>ians h nev] be5 all[$ to adv]tize _! w>es2 a notice 9 ! press su* z a univ]sity or a ,/ate dep>tm5t w\ld n consid] b5ea? its dignity w\ld h call$ d[n a reprim& & probably a sur*>ge f ! ,gov]nm5t auditor4 ,9 a /range t[n1 ! visitor may h "s tr\ble to f9d out1 fir/ :e!r a public libr>y exi/s1 & !n :]e4 ,adv]tisem5ts 9 tramc>s & f+]-po/s 9 ! /reet are usually look$ = 9 va94 ,?+s be+ s1 x is bett] to lay /ress on :at ! ref]5ce libr>y c & does d ?an on any del9qu5cies1 s9ce public op9ion is sure to le>n 9 "t f ! books t are !re to be read1 ! imm5sity ( ! desid]ata4 ,9 ! cities previ\sly m5tion$ z possible abodes = a work] among books1 "o may acquire a compet5t idea ( ?is imm5sity4 ,9 o!r l>ge t[ns & 9 sev]al ,london bor\ghs1 "o may f9d ref]5ce libr>ies suffic+ = ! ord9>y dem&s ( all b ! speciali/ & ! rese>*]1 &1 9 addition1 "o commonly f9ds special collections t attract read]s f f> away4 ,?us ,man*e/]1 besides ! ample provision ( g5]al works t ev]ybody w\ld expect to f9d on its ref]5ce %elves1 & a l>ge mass ( works on textiles :i* w\ld also be anticipat$ 9 ! metropolis ( ,lanca%ire1 has a f9e collection ( ,engli% dialect lit]ature1 o!rs on music1 ! gipsies1 & %or?&1 & 9 ! ,gre5wood collection ! l>ge/ libr>y ( works = libr>ians 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,! magnific5t ,hornby ,libr>y ( engrav+s at ,liv]pool is z great a pride to ! city z its ,walk] ,art ,gall]y4 ,birm+ham is fam\s = its ,%akespe>e ,libr>y1 & possesses small] collections relat+ to ,milton1 ,byron1 & ,c]vantes4 ,! ,b\lton & ,watt collection is also !re4 ,/rat=d-on-,avon1 aga91 is a depot = ,%akespe>e lit]ature1 hav+ ! memorial build+ & ! valuable collection h\s$ at ! bir?-place z well z ! t[n libr>y4 ,newca/le-^u-,tyne1 owns ! ,bewick collection1 ,nor?ampton ! libr>y ( ! poet ,cl>e1 ,nott+ham ano!r accumulation ( ,byron lit]ature & association books1 ,kilm>nock a ,burns libr>y1 ,glasg[ among its _m special sections a va/ collection includ+ n only ,burns mat]ial b ,scotti% lit]ature 9 g5]al2 ,bri/ol is ri* 9 works conc]n$ ) ,*att]ton1 ,c>diff specializes 9 ,wel% books1 ?\gh ! ,national ,libr>y ( ,wales1 at ,ab]y/wy?1 design$ to be a ,briti% ,museum = ! pr9cipality1 is fa/ out/ripp+ ?is z a /oreh\se ( ,celtic lit]ature 9 ! wid] s5se4 ,a libr>y is fulfill+ only its obvi\s duty by specializ+ 9 ! /aple indu/ry4 ,at ,/oke-on-,tr5t1 h[ev]1 ! valuable libr>y ( c]amics collect$ by ,l\is ,solon1 & acquir$ aft] 8 dea? by ! ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/1 has be5 plac$1 n 9 ! public libr>y1 b 9 ! ,national ,pott]y ,s*ool1 :]e ! libr>y ( ! ,c]amic ,society is also h\s$4 ,_m ,london libr>ies specialize 9 ! same useful way1 sometimes 9 response to local ne$s1 sometimes z ! accid5tal result ( local associations4 ,at ,guildhall is ! national ,dick5s libr>y1 at ,hamp/ead ! ,keats collection1 at ,*elsea "o devot$ to ,c>lyle4 ,! ,bi%opsgate ,in/itute vies ) ,guildhall & ,/4 ,paul's ,ca!dral ,libr>y 9 a huge collection ( ,london books1 pr9ts1 maps1 & o!r miscellanea4 ,! typographical libr>y at ! ,/4 ,bride ,f\ndation conta9s ! notable collection ( ,william ,blades1 biograph] ( ,caxton4 ,b to consid] ,london )\t tak+ into acc\nt ! public & semi-public libr>ies t are n "u ! ,acts1 _m ( !m highly individualiz$ 9 ! nature ( _! res\rces1 & fitt$ to fulfil def9ite functions 9 ! national libr>y ma*9e1 w\ld be absurd2 & to treat !m prop]ly w\ld require a volume4 ,9 fact1 ! volume exi/s1 ?\gh x makes only mode/ & t5tative sugge/ions = ! wid] application ( all ?is intellectual weal?1 mu* ( :i* is ly+ dormant or only half-us$4#e ,x goes )\t say+ t e prov9cial ref]5ce libr>y wor?y ( ! "n has a local collection ( "s importance4 ,mo/ c\nty t[ns collect c\nty lit]ature1 & o!r l>ge places h _! regional collections4 ,regional surveys are l>gely c>ri$ on n[ by s*ools & local organizations1 (t5 ) ! libr>y & its local collections z _! c5tral depository1 & at all ev5ts help+ & help$ by ! libr>y4 ,"s public libr>ies h be5 made depositories = ! local records1 & !re is a /rong case = conf]r+ or impos+ ?is duty ^u !m by law4 ,a libr>ian1 prop]ly tra9$ 9 palography & ! treatm5t ( ar*ives1 is ! "r sort ( cu/odian2 a well-appo9t$ libr>y is ! "r place = ! safe pres]vation1 cal5d>+1 & public use ( docum5ts4 ,! hi/orian1 social /ud5t1 biograph]1 & g5ealogi/ w\ld always "k !n :]e to g = local in=mation n to be f\nd 9 ,london4 ,!re are _m o!r abiblia :i* ,*>les ,lamb himself w\ld approve t are rightly suppli$ 9 g5]\s measure by a good ref]5ce libr>y3 mod]n maps1 bo? ( our own c\ntry & ( ! _w1 ^? ( ! neighb\rhood )9 a wide radius1 includ+ l>ge-scale ,ordnance maps1 accompani$ by old] maps ( hi/orical importance2 pr9ts & draw+s 9 well-organiz$ s]ies1 & lant]n-slides = illu/rat+ libr>y lectures1 or ev5 to be issu$ on loan4 ,! sy/ematic collections ( lant]n-slides at ! ,croydon ,public ,libr>y w be m5tion$ aga9 lat] on4 ,9 ?is ent]pris+ libr>y num]\s o!r ?+s are collect$ & made accessible = g5]al use2 = example1 illu/rations1 cut out & pres]v$1 n because ( _! individual m]it z pr9ts1 b because ( ! value !y acquire 9 organiz$ sets illu/rat+ def9ite subjects4 ,!y are m\nt$ 9 uni=m /yle & classifi$ 9 v]tical files2 ?us !y are available = ref]5ce purposes1 & may be borr[$ by tea*]s to illu/rate lessons 9 class4 ,croydon has ab\t #ab1jjj su* illu/rations1 & ! /ock is con/antly gr[+4 ,photographs ( lace1 woodwork1 a/ronomical ph5om5a1 & o!r subjects are collect$ on simil> l9es1 & l5t 9 sets to arti/s1 craftsm51 & /ud5ts4 ,! v]tical file 9 :i* ! ,man*e/] comm]cial libr>y /ores its press clipp+s & o!r items ( in=mation w be m5tion$ lat]2 x is an object-lesson 9 ! pres]vation1 classification1 & index+ ( mat]ial :i* 0 er/:ile disc>d$ z soon z x _h s]v$ ! mom5t's use1 a lesson 9 ! value creat$ out ( ! well-nigh valueless by m]e organization2 & tea*]s & bus9ess organiz]s h n fail$ to br+ _! pupils & _! /affs to /udy :at %e] me?od c accompli%4 ,illu/ration3 ,,guildhall ,,libr>y4 ,b ! :ole libr>y %\ld be an object-lesson ( high educational value4 ,a l>ge1 well-organiz$ collection ( books1 especially if ! public be admitt$ to ! int]ior1 is a graphic example ( me?od & ord]1 n to m5tion ! enorm\s increm5t ( value giv5 to any /ock ( mat]ial by sy/ematic index+4 ,! art ( classification is n only an excell5t m5tal discipl9e1 b may be appli$ ) advantage 9 e prov9ce ( bus9ess & life4 ,?\gh a classification ( books is n ! same ?+ z a classification ( ?+s1 & may dep>t widely f ! exactness ( logical !ory1 !re is no bett] way ( inculcat+ ! b5efits ( sy/em ?an by all[+ ! read] to f9d 8 way f %elf to %elf1 & foll[ ! tracks po9t$ out = him to o!r book-cases ! cont5ts ( :i* are m di/antly connect$ ) 8 subject4 ,x is sup]flu\s to po9t out ! assi/ance ! libr>y gives 9 ! *oice ( books1 n only to ! read] :o relies on x = 8 :ole supply1 b on ! book-lov] & ! pur*as] ( books4 ,( ! aid (f]$ to ! /ud5t & ! pot5tial /ud5t1 ov] & above ! libr>y organism itself z an effici5t read+ ma*9e1 m w be said "u ! head+ ( libr>y ext5sion4 ,9 ,am]ican libr>ies c]ta9 memb]s ( ! /aff are told (f = 8floor duty10 t is1 to keep a sympa!tic eye on p]sons look+ out books & to (f] guidance4 ,x is a duty call+ = high atta9m5ts & insight into ! p>ticul> requirem5ts & idiosyncrasies ( read]s4 ,x w\ld be unfair to say x is a duty unfulfill$ 9 libr>ies ov] "h1 s9ce ! m active public libr>ies are beg9n+ to organize !mselves z real bureaux ( in=mation2 b 9 ! precise =m j describ$ x is practically unkn[n4 ,our me?od is to be ready ) advice :5 x is ask$ =2 & 9 big libr>ies1 su* z ! ,briti% ,museum1 x is ! mo/ useful k9d ( advice1 t ( ! speciali/1 :i* is our p>ticul> =te4 ,yet we /ill repeat1 8,! libr>ian :o reads is lo/60 ,m specialism1 n less1 is :at we want4 ,,newsrooms ,,& ,,magaz9e ,,rooms4 ,among ! old-e/abli%$ dep>tm5ts ! read+ rooms :]e newspap]s & o!r p]iodical lit]ature are display$ mu/1 to judge by /ati/ics ( use1 take a =emo/ place4 ,hundr$s ( ?\s&s ent] ^! newsrooms daily1 twice z _m z come into ! l5d+ libr>ies4 ,until ! "q 0 rais$ t5 ye>s ago by ! late ,j4 ,d4 ,br[n1 a libr>ian :o attempt$ recon/ruction 9 libr>y adm9i/ration long be=e ! ^w began to be writt5 ) a big ,r1 x seem$ ! mo/ natural & un*all5geable ?+ 9 ! _w to put a newsroom 9 e libr>y build+ & furni% x ) a motley array ( dailies & weeklies ( all d5om9ations4 ,br[n induc$ ! committee ( ! ,isl+ton ,public ,libr>ies to re=m ! read+ room 9 a dra/ic way4 ,no newspap] except ! 8,times0 0 provid$ = public consumption1 ?\gh ! adv]tisem5t columns 7 cut out f o!rs & po/$ = ! b5efit ( ! unemploy$4 ,?is viol5t dep>ture f r\t9e did br+ out ! fact t newsrooms1 at any rate z !y 7 & z !y are at pres5t1 occupy a some:at illogical position4 ,at fir/ sight1 !re h>dly seems any bett] ju/ification = _! inclusion 9 a libr>y ?an t !y also provide read+ matt]4 ,b x is read+ matt]1 too (t51 ( a v diff]5t & d\btful k9d2 & ! awkw>d fact t x is n ! same p :o use ! newsroom t use ! libr>y1 9 %ort t ! libr>y prop] & ! newsroom1 b = an inconsid]able ov]lap1 cat] = two diff]5t publics1 gives occasion = ?\ght4 ,to put x r\ndly1 ! prop] place 9 ! libr>y s*eme = ! newspap] & its l has nev] be5 ?\ght out4 ,br[n w5t too f>1 & ! libr>y :i* 0 ! sc5e ( ?is exp]im5t is n[ furni%$ ) a c>eful selection ( newspap]s z well z ) magaz9es & reviews ( good /&+4 ,b he gave ! problem s]i\s ?\ght4 ,9 ! v>i\s public read+ rooms :i* 7 "u 8 c>e1 he saw to x t ! "r k9d ( p]iodicals 7 provid$1 & ! be/ ( ea* k9d4 ,among 8 _m publications on libr>y practice 0 a classifi$ & annotat$ li/ ( ,engli% & =eign p]iodicals1 :i* ought to h done ev5 m ?an x has to help provide some?+ f> bett] & m sci5tific ?an ! m]e hot*pot* ( j\rnalism ) :i* too _m tables are litt]$4 ,"h aga91 economy ( ! bas] sort has be5 ! (f5d]2 = ! poore/ j\rnalism is1 ( c\rse1 ! *eape/1 & a /eady provision ( ! high-class p]iodicals recomm5d$ by ,br[n is an exp5sive dra9 on sl5d] funds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,read+ ,,room1 ,,/epney ,,public ,,libr>y4 ,! libr>y _c d )\t ! newspap] any m ?an x c d )\t ! review1 ! te*nical p]iodical1 & ! le>n$ society's j\rnal4 ,all ( ^! are necess>y supplem5ts to ! books1 s9ce !y are records ( new k2 & !y require ! same c>e 9 selection1 ! guid+ pr9ciple ( :i* mu/ be a cle> idea ( :at !y are !re =4 ,! mu*-debat$ dictum t hi/ory is pa/ politics & politics curr5t hi/ory ne$s no debate z a reason :y ! lead+ newspap]s & ! weekly reviews %\ld be accessible 9 public libr>ies4 ,almo/ e "o takes 9 a pap] suit$ to 8 op9ions3 ! public newsroom %\ld give ! opportunity ( /udy+ o!r op9ions1 & also ( *eck+ in=mation by comp>ison ( diff]5t s\rces & v]sions t conflict4 ,! newsroom is to ! libr>y z ! op5-air excursion to ! botany class1 ! laboratory to ! lecture-room4 ,"h !ory & doctr9e are se5 9 action2 appli$ politics1 appli$ sociology1 all ! diff]5t phases ( ! sci5ce ( life set =? 9 books illu/rat$1 te/$1 v]ifi$1 or confut$4 ,:i* /udy is ( m importance ?an ! o!r8 ,=tunately1 t is a futile "q3 ! relevant "o is1 h[ incalculably ea* ga9s by conjunction ) ! o!r4 ,!re is no ne$ to provide ! pap] t e "o buys4 ,nor are ^? t deal 9 police news1 divorce cases1 spice & s5sation1 ! j\rnals t a public in/itution is call$ ^u to buy4 ,! mo/ au?oritative j\rnals1 repres5t+ ea* ( ! recogniz$ p>ties1 weekly reviews ( simil> cr$5tials1 & ! lead+ prov9cial organs1 are all t ne$ be suppli$ 9 ?is gr\p4 ,ev5 9 a l>ge & prosp]\s libr>y1 x is bett] to duplicate su* ?an to make too wide a selection4 ,subsidiz$ j\rnals1 s5t gratis by political or social cliques or by adv]tis+ ag5ts1 might z well be reject$ altoge!r2 :]e !y are accept$1 ! approv$ c\rse is to pigeon-hole !m until !re is an applicant4 ,! lea/ approv$ is to employ ?is wor?less /uff to cov] s]i\s gaps1 & (f] ! public a /one :5 x asks = bread4 ,a libr>y committee %\ld feel ! same responsibility = a newspap] z = a book4 ,by admitt+ ei!r1 !y virtually give x a public gu>antee4 ,b if ! newspap] is to be treat$ z ! organ ( curr5t hi/ory1 !n ! newspap] room %\ld be equipp$ ) e facility = r5d]+ curr5t hi/ory real & intelligible4 ,maps ( e "p ( ! _w %\ld be hung ov] ! read+ /&s4 ,! room itself %\ld be 9 ! close/ contiguity ) ! ref]5ce libr>y1 & %\ld conta9 a ready-ref]5ce collection on op5 %elves1 enabl+ read]s to consult diction>ies1 encyclopdias1 /ati/ical ye>-books1 comp5diums ( geography1 & o!r s\rces ( g5]al in=mation z !y read4 ,t x %\ld n be sep>at$ f ! read+ room :]e ! p]iodical magaz9es & reviews are kept goes )\t say+4 ,files ( su* z are pres]v$ %\ld be close at h&4 ,all ?is means t ! read+ room = newspap]s w be ano!r exp5sive dep>tm5t2 yet ! policy ( mak+ x a vital "p ( ! :ole libr>y und]tak+ is 9 ! long run economic4 ,"h1 surely1 t tra9+ = citiz5%ip :i* s _m are prea*+ may be c>ri$ on )\t ! features t make x objectionable to ! old-fa%ion$ p>ty man4 ,! exi/5ce ( public newsrooms :]e ! daily pap]s are read intellig5tly & _! pron\ncem5ts *eck$ & comp>$1 might1 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 react heal?ily on ! daily press itself4 ,z to ! light] class ( p]iodical1 ! same discretion has to be ex]cis$ 9 %unn+ ! frivol\s & wor?less z an intellig5t & responsible committee1 n devoid ( a s5se ( hum\r1 w\ld display 9 h&l+ fiction4 ,x is high "t t ! policy ( treat+ ?is dep>tm5t z a k9d ( bait = ! unreg5]ate1 some?+ to make ! libr>y popul>1 7 ab&on$4 ,x is a delusive policy1 gr\nd$ on two false assumptions--! fir/1 t x is our duty to get p to read1 no matt] :at !y read2 ! second1 t if y />t !m read+ & br+ !m into ! libr>y !y w ev5tually proce$ to high] ?+s4 ,e libr>ian kn[s t ! habitual consum] ( silly & p]nici\s read+-matt] nev] c1 )\t "s almo/ miracul\s *ange ( m9d1 be taught to read & enjoy any?+ else4 ,if y lure him ) rubbi%1 y are enc\rag+ ta/es t are a great] ob/acle to libr>y progress ?an absolute illit]acy2 y are putt+ ob/acles 9 ! road y propose to take him4 ,! rem>k ( an ,am]ican libr>ian ab\t c]ta9 popul> noveli/s1 t ! p :o l t sort ( ?+ w\ld be m s5sible & bett] educat$ _h !y nev] le>n$ to read1 applies ev5 m =cibly to ! besott$ victims ( our p]iodicals ( ! bas] sort4 ,b ! m]e fact t ! public :o kill "t ) ?is sort ( *ew+-gum are n ! public t borr[ books or use ! ref]5ce libr>y1 at once disposes ( su* a plea4 ,by all means1 let u h light lit]ature1 b let x be lit]ature1 & n an unrecognizable imitation4 ,mu*1 h[ev]1 & f> ! l>ge/ am\nt ( ! mat]ial 9 a well-appo9t$ read+ room w n be lit]ature at all1 b simply in=mation4 ,9 ! *ief ,london & _m prov9cial libr>ies a l>ge numb] ( sci5tific & te*nical p]iodicals are tak51 includ+ publications ( rese>* societies & a good _m =eign p]iodicals4 ,m are requir$1 &1 z our public libr>ies are able to sp5d m money1 "o at lea/ 9 ea* l>ge area ( population ought to be z well provid$ 9 ?is respect z are ! sci5ce libr>ies at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 ! univ]sity libr>ies1 or1 say1 ! ,man*e/] ,lit]>y & ,philosophical ,in/itution1 to take a good prov9cial example4 ,^! publications are z necess>y z x is to keep editions ( sci5tific & te*nical books ?or\ghly up to date4 ,_! cont5ts %\ld be fully accessible1 & to ensure ?is e libr>y mu/ subscribe to ! ,subject-,index to ,p]iodicals4 ,a practice increas+ 9 frequ5cy is t ( index+ ! curr5t p]iodicals z !y arrive1 & m\nt+ ! entries 9 a me*anical gu>d-book or v]tical file4 ,su* libr>ies z possess a /ock ( long sets w naturally be provid$ ) ,poole's & ! o!r old] indexes to p]iodicals2 ev5 libr>ies n possess+ su* long sets ought to h ! indexes1 = ! same reason z !y h o!r bibliographical guides1 namely1 to %[ inquir]s 9 :at books or p]iodicals in=mation exi/s1 an intellig5t /aff be+ reli$ ^u to po9t out 9 :at ne>e/ libr>ies ! books or p]iodicals are to be f\nd4 ,,special ,,read+ ,,rooms4 ,n mu* is to be said n[adays 9 fav\r ( sep>ate read+ rooms = ladies2 ! segregation ( ! sexes is go+ out ( fa%ion1 ev5 9 railway travell+4 ,yet !y are /ill provid$2 = in/ance1 ! f9e libr>y build+ n[ all b complet$ at ,dunf]ml9e has a ladies' room wor?y ( its scale & dignity4 ,f> m urg5t is ! ne$ = sep>ate rooms :]e /ud5ts c read & write 9 peace & quiet2 *ildr5's read+ rooms w be discuss$ "u ano!r head4 ,! ,adult ,education ,committee wisely emphasiz$ ?is desirability4 8,x is1 9 our view1 ess5tial t 9 all public libr>ies1 9 addition to ! usual read+ room :]e newspap]s & magaz9es are consult$1 !re %\ld be a room = ! purposes ( /udy4 ,x is too (t5 =gott5 t _m /ud5ts h no place :]e !y c /udy 9 com=t4 ,x is also mo/ desirable t all public libr>ies %\ld possess a room l>ge en\gh to be us$ = classes1 lectures1 & discussions40#f ,! latt] requirem5t %\ld h be5 fram$ diff]5tly4 ,a lecture room is n a good class room4 ,e libr>y %\ld h its lecture room2 x %\ld also h "o or m small rooms suitable = classes1 tutorial or o!r1 ( ! cosy size & "* t help s mu* to br+ out comrade%ip & intimacy4 ,:oev] has tri$ to conduct a sem9> numb]+ m ?an a doz5 memb]s w h exp]i5c$ h[ difficult x is to break d[n %yness & evoke a frank & g5u9e ex*ange ( ?\ght4 ,rooms t are small & intimate are want$ = read+ circles & discussions2 at a p9*1 ! /udy room c be utiliz$2 b bo? purposes mu/ be s]v$1 & (t5 at ! same h\r4 ,! ne$ = /ill o!r rooms d$icat$ to special uses w appe> :5 we deal ) ! v>i\s =ms ( libr>y ext5sion4 ,,! ,,*ildr5',s ,,dep>tm5t4 ,dur+ ! n9eties ( la/ c5tury a good _m libr>ies began to allot sep>ate read+ rooms to ! *ildr51 at fir/1 z a rule1 to boys only1 b lat] to boys & girls1 sometimes 9 sep>ation1 sometimes toge!r4 ,at fir/ exp]im5tal & subsidi>y1 ?is *ildr5's read+ room1 usually comb9$ ) a *ildr5's libr>y1 has come to be an ess5tial "p ( ! mod]n public libr>y3 ^? t are )\t x h no claim to be consid]$ mod]n4 ,its relative importance v>ies accord+ to ! views ( diff]5t committees & libr>ians1 & also accord+ to ! local ability or will+ness to meet ! heavy co/ ( runn+ su* a dep>tm5t on prop] l9es4 ,:5 we rememb] t ! *ildr5 are our future read+ public1 & :51 tak+ a broad] view1 we imag9e :at x w\ld h meant _h e man & woman be5 tra9$ f *ildhood 9 ! intellig5t use ( books1 we see h[ impossible x is to ov]rate ?is side ( public libr>y "w4 ,we mu/ treat ! *ild 9 ! libr>y 9 ! mo/ lib]al1 sympa!tic1 & respectful way4 ,we mu/ give ! *ild 9 our libr>ies & read+ rooms1 f ! outset1 all ! privileges & dignity ( a citiz51 & ! future ( our libr>ies & read+ rooms w be ensur$4 ,birk5head seems to h be5 ! fir/ t[n to become alive to ! ne$ ( special provision = ! y\nge/ read]s4 ,*ild read]s enjoy$ ! advantage ( a special section 9 ! l5d+ libr>y !re z long ago z #ahfe1 & a few ye>s lat] !y 7 furni%$ ) a sep>ate catalogue ( ! *ildr5's libr>y4 ,at ,nott+ham1 a b5evol5t ,m4,p41 ! late ,samuel ,morley1 gave a sum 9 #ahhb to f\nd a sep>ate build+ = *ildr54 ,^! ,engli% libr>ies laid ! fir/ /one2 b x 0 9 ,am]ican libr>ies t mo/ ( ! build+ n[ took place4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! m]e *ildr5's corn] rapidly develop$ into ! sep>ate libr>y & read+ room1 & !n gradually into a v peculi> & admirable ?+1 ! *ildr5's room--a di/9ct dep>tm5t1 "u ! control ( p]sons tra9$ to "w ) *ildr54 ,x is a sort ( autonom\s *ildr5's in/itute1 comb9+ some?+ ( ! k9d]g>t5 ) a well-plann$ s*ool libr>y m9i/]+ to bo? tea*+ & recreation4 ,!re are readable books to be read on ! spot or tak5 home2 works ( ref]5ce to help 9 do+ s*ool "w & make ?is m int]e/+2 pictures1 /atuettes1 & miscellane\s exhibits1 :i* h m mean+ giv5 !m by read+ c\rses1 talks1 & illu/rat$ lectures2 &1 f9ally1 !re is ! /ory-tell+--an art on :i* ! ,am]ican libr>ian p9s mu* fai? z a mode ( awak5+ int]e/ & evok+ ! "r atmosph]e be=e a *ild reads books on any giv5 subject4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 ! ,junior ,libr>y at ,croydon is p]haps z ne> an approa* z any we h made to ! ,am]ican idea4 ,x occupies "o ( ! l>ge/ rooms 9 ! c5tral build+1 & comb9es ! functions ( l5d+ & ref]5ce libr>y & magaz9e room4 ,!re is a plat=m & a lant]n scre52 f]ns & o!r plants are dott$ ab\t4 ,any *ild ( s*ool age is admissible on ! recomm5dation ( a tea*]4 ,! libr>ian 9 *>ge & ! "o assi/ant d no?+ b "w = *ildr52 ! *ildr5 make x possible = !m to c>ry out an extremely full & v>i$ programme by act+ z volunt>y help]s1 & are tra9$ to s]ve at ! c\nt]1 put books back 9 classifi$ ord] on ! %elves1 & act z monitors4 ,o!rs are drill$ 9 gr\ps = v>i\s duties1 su* z cutt+ out & m\nt+ pictures = ! great cyclopdia ( illu/rations1 lett]+ po/]s1 writ+ up bullet9s ( topical in=mation = _! fell[-read]s4 ,lectures are deliv]$ once a week at lea/1 & /ory h\rs come mu* (t5]4 ,! *ildr5's libr>ian takes classes br\ght f ! s*ools1 & expla9s ! value ( classification or ! use & pleasures ( books4 ,tea*]s1 also1 are all[$ to use ! *ildr5's libr>y at times z a class-room1 illu/rat+ lessons f ! books & o!r exhibits !re4 ,sometimes a class is br\ght & ! *ildr5 are simply all[$ to br[se at w4 ,! collection ( pictures is utiliz$ 9 _m ways4 ,sets ( illu/rations are hung on gre5 baise scre5s to illu/rate curr5t ev5ts1 ! seasons ( ! ye>1 ! bir?days ( notable m51 & s on1 ) li/s ( ! books 9 ! libr>y on ! subjects to :i* ! *ildr5 h be5 introduc$4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! libr>ian's "t is tak5 up ) %[+ ! "y read]s h[ to f9d _! way ab\t among ! ref]5ce books1 & h[ to make ! easie/ & mo/ remun]ative use ( ^! 9 _! s*ool lessons & _! private hobbies4 ,b ! *ildr5 are also gradually tra9$ to help ea* o!r1 & ev5tually to help ! libr>ian 9 ! daily r\t9e ( :at !y soon come to reg>d z _! own libr>y2 !y gr[1 9 fact1 into a sort ( union society1 runn+ all sorts ( affairs on _! own acc\nt1 ) ! (ficial b n too (fici\s eye direct+ & assi/+ r ?an controll+ _! ef=ts4 ,!y might be comp>$ to a gr\p ( patrols "u a sc\tma/]4 ,! libr>y 9 ! *ildr5's room conta9s ab\t #d1jjj volumes1 & issues f #a1jjj to #a1bjj e week2 9 ! p]iod ( five mon?s f ! report on :i* _m ( ^! details are tak51 #a1bjj new borr[]s enroll$ !mselves4 ,discipl9e1 ( c\rse1 mu/ be ma9ta9$2 ?is is ess5tial to smoo? work+2 b x mu/ be evok$ r ?an impos$4 ,only ! "r sort ( p]son1 hav+ _h ! "r sort ( tra9+1 ev5 if born ) ! "r disposition1 is compet5t to evoke x & at ! same "t keep ! *ildr5 fri5dly1 happy1 & occupi$ ) int]e/+ ?+s4 ,scores ( *ildr5's read+ rooms h be5 a failure f ! lack ( ?is well-qualifi$ sup]9t5d5t4 ,x is a wa/e ( "t to try runn+ !m z a m9or dep>tm5t1 to be committ$ to ! h&s ( ea* junior assi/ant z 8 turn comes on ! "t-%eet4 ,a mob ( y\ng/]s idl+ _! "t away & mak+ ! pleasant place a be>-g>d5 w\ld be ! c]ta9 result4 ,"o common mi/ake t has a bad initial effect is to make ! junior read]s ent] ! libr>y at a sep>ate door1 usually gu>d$ by a special cu/odian :o is a m>t9et4 ,?is prelim9>y insult to a *ild's dignity is1 p]haps unconsci\sly1 res5t$2 x /rikes a wrong note4 ,! idea t he or %e mu/ be segregat$ f gr[n-up read]s subtly provokes a _s precisely ! opposite ( t :i* ne$s to be cultivat$4 ,x is m fatal ?an ! contr>y mi/ake ( pamp]+ & idoliz+ *ildr54 ,put him or h] on ne>ly ! same foot+ z _! eld]s2 mutual def]5ce is inf9itely bett] ?an ! eighte5? c5tury doctr9e t e *ild is ei!r a limb ( ,satan or a little imbecile4 ,to atta9 full success1 libr>ian1 tea*]1 & p>5ts mu/ le>n to co-op]ate4 ,few p>5ts take any int]e/ 9 :at _! *ildr5 read1 & ^? few (t5 take too mu*2 !y d n und]/& t co]cion1 or ev5 a too didactic purpose1 is fatal to ! true object ( an appr5tice%ip to read+1 & w assur$ly n lead *ildr5 to love & enjoy read+1 or to discov] = !mselves ! values x c give to _! own int]e/s & pleasures4 ,until p>5ts 9 g5]al are capable ( tak+ a wise int]e/1 x is bett] p]haps t !y %\ld rema9 z indiff]5t z mo/ p>5ts are4 ,9 ! fulness ( "t1 :5 our *ildr5's rooms are less m>k$ly inf]ior to ^? across ! ,atlantic1 :5 ea* has an adequate /aff ( p]sons tra9$ = ?is highly specializ$ "w1 & tea*]s und]/& h[ mu* c be done by sugge/ion to direct ! *ild's read+ & s light5 _! own lab\rs 9 tea*+1 by !n ! p>5t w d\btless h le>n$ to take a prop] %>e ( int]e/ & responsibility4 ,all ?is _c be a*iev$ 9 "o g5]ation4 ,we h n[ _h public libr>ies = ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury2 b1 = ! arre>s ( intellig5t use we h to make up1 we might h only j begun exp]im5t+ ) !m4 ,! secret ( success is to br+ out ! *ild's own initiative4 ,?is1 x may be tak5 = grant$1 is n a t5d5cy to orig9al s94 ,good ta/e1 l good art1 is at bottom a natural ?+3 a misguid$ belief t x mu/ be pa9fully in/ill$ has done m ?an aught else to p]v]t x4 ,*ildr5 p]ceive z mu* in/9ctively2 h5ce _! suspicion ( well-meant ef=ts to put !m on ! "r pa?s4 ,a boy w hate ev5 ,rob9son ,crusoe if he is told he mu/ read x2 r let him discov] ! realms ( gold = himself4 ,all :i* means t *ildr5 want h&l+ 9 matt]s ( ta/e ) a ref9$ skill to :i* ! m]e common s5se & tact requir$ by ! adult read] 9 a libr>y is no?+4 ,x means1 aga91 t ?\gh ! *ildr5's libr>ian is sometimes born1 :5 he1 or r %e1 has to be made1 ! mak+ is an important & highly specializ$ process4 ,o!r obvi\s po9ts mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 by tea*]s1 p>5ts1 & libr>ians4 ,! m]e po/ure 9 read+1 & ! ne$ = a good light at ! prop] angle1 are n m9or po9ts1 = bad habits 9 ?is respect are ru9\s & al>m+ly common4 ,_m *ildr5 read f> too mu*4 ,!y mu/ n be all[$ to become bookworms2 ! p>5t ought to see t !y h a heal?y outdoor life1 & ! tea*] t ! *>ms ( ! book-_w d n lead to ! neglect ( tasks set at s*ool4 ,/eady co-op]ation ) ! tea*]s 9 lead+ *ildr5 to f9d 9 books aids to ! bus9ess & ! pleasures ( life1 is *>act]i/ic ( ^? libr>y sy/ems :]e ! *ildr5's dep>tm5t has be5 giv5 its due place 9 ! s*eme1 & is n a m]e side-%[1 ignorantly mismanag$ & n ?\ght wor? sp5d+ money on4 ,x is *>act]i/ic1 = in/ance1 ( ! admirable gr\p ( *ildr5's libr>ies & read+ rooms 9 ! ,isl+ton ,public ,libr>ies1 ) its /ock ( #aj1jjj volumes set aside = ! junior cli5ts4 ,!re are num]\s o!rs 9 ,london & ! prov9ces :]e co-op]ation is c>ri$ on 9 "s =m or ano!r2 b diff]5ces ( op9ion on ! comp>ative m]its ( s*ool libr>ies & ( ! libr>y 9 ! *ildr5's read+ room make = diff]5ces ( me?od4 ,yet access to a s*ool libr>y does n r5d] ! public libr>y any ! less valuable to an intellig5t *ild2 & !re ought to be ! fulle/ mutual und]/&+ & ! ke5e/ desire to help ea* o!r betwe5 libr>ian & tea*]4 ,! f>e provid$ 9 ! *ildr5's dep>tm5t consi/s1 n only ( books1 b also ( ! be/ juv5ile magaz9es1 toge!r ) a spr9kl+ ( illu/rat$ weeklies & mon?lies int5d$ by ! produc]s = read]s ( any age4 ,easy ,fr5* magaz9es are sometimes provid$4 ,on ! ref]5ce %elves /& suitable encyclopdias1 atlases & gazette]s1 diction>ies ( sev]al languages1 works on local hi/ory & topography1 illu/rat$ natural hi/ories1 ! works ( ! poets1 & _m o!r books t are likely to prove useful to *ildr5 9 _! home "w4 ,! *oice ( books = *ildr5 is a diff]5t ?+ n[ f :at x 0 be=e ! adv5t ( ,k+sley1 ,k+/on1 & ,kipl+4 ,) a few exceptions1 ! didactic tra% t con/itut$ ! :ole /ock ( *ildr5's lit]ature a c5tury ago may n[ be jettison$1 along ) a /ill great] volume ( m rec5t lumb] depress+ly writt5 d[n to ! *ildi% intellect4 ,any mod]n au?or1 = *ildr5 or any "o else1 kn[s1 if he kn[s 8 bus9ess at all1 t ! fir/ ?+ to avoid is ! habit or affectation or process ( writ+ d[n to an inf]ior m9d4 ,lewis ,c>roll1 ,sir ,james ,b>rie1 ,walt] de la ,m>e conqu]$ ! *ild by writ+ z *ildr5 !mselves1 & writ+ _! be/1 writ+ ) all _! g5ius & ) all ! gu/o due to ?+s t are high & s]i\s4 ,didactic writ+ is always bad4 ,x _c help be+ bad4 ,! mom5t a writ] beg9s to ?9k ( 8 audi5ce in/ead ( 8 subject1 he becomes self-consci\s & artificial4 ,wor/ ( all :5 he has ! effront]y to ?9k ( t audi5ce z inf]ior to himself1 & tries to adapt 8 ?\ghts to feebl] und]/&+s4 ,*ildr5 are n sl[] ?an ^? ( rip] age to detect ! false note1 & be insult$ by ! condesc5sion4 ,?us x is f> bett] to (f] *ildr5 books t h be5 writt5 = _! eld]s ?an su* z h be5 manufactur$ on ! plan ( mild adult]ation4 ,9 fact1 a v l>ge proportion ( ! be/ books 9 ! junior libr>y belong to ?is high] category4 ,rob9son ,crusoe & ,gulliv] are obvi\s examples2 ,uncle ,tom's ,cab9 is ano!r2 ,kidnapp$ w be receiv$ z w>mly z ,treasure ,isl& or ,! ,black ,arr[1 & if ,lav5gro has n su* a univ]sal appeal !re w be no hesitation ab\t ,! ,cloi/] & ! ,he>?4 ,_m ( ! novels ( ,blackmore & ,/anley ,weyman1 mo/ ( ,dick5s's1 "s ( ,?ack]ay's & all ( ,scott's are on ! %elves ( e good *ildr5's libr>y2 & ,jane ,au/51 ,mrs4 ,gaskell1 & "s at any rate ( ,george ,eliot's novels w meet ! ta/e ( girls4 ,_m works ( travel1 "s hi/ories1 & biographies n a few1 su* z ! delightful life ( ,frank ,buckl&1 are z mu* 9 place "h z 9 ! s5ior libr>y2 & among ! poets & essayi/s ! same fre$om ( *oice may safely be ex]cis$4 ,bo? publi%]s & libr>ians are n[ at "o 9 see+ t !re is no?+ %oddy 9 ! =mat ( ! books provid$ = *ildr5 any m ?an 9 _! cont5ts2 good pap]1 readable pr9t1 & illu/rations ( arti/ic m]it1 are becom+ ! rule4 ,9 ! la/-nam$ p>ticul> *ildr5's books at ! pres5t day are imm5sely sup]ior to ! volumes ( popul> fiction t seem to be p]fectly satisfactory to ?\s&s :o are obvi\sly _! eld]s1 b h>dly _! bett]s4 ,! advantages ( a clos] relation%ip betwe5 education au?orities & libr>y au?orities are manife/ bo? 9 *ildr5's rooms 9 libr>ies & *ildr5's libr>ies 9 s*ools4 ,! libr>y is c]ta9ly "p ( ! educational fabric4 ,on ! "o h&1 ! tea*] is aid$ enorm\sly by ! *ild's "w 9 ! libr>y1 all ! m if t "w is spontane\s & enjoyable2 on ! o!r h&1 ! *ildr5 :o f9d out ! vital "p a libr>y c play 9 _! "w & recreations1 :o h become famili> ) books ( ref]5ce & p]iodicals1 ) ! uses ( catalogues1 ! vi/as op5$ by files1 albums1 & indexes1 & ! ord] & intelligibility br\ght ab\t by a cle> sy/em ( classification1 w h acquir$ some?+ ( ine/imable value 9 ! process ( self-developm5t to be c>ri$ on long aft] s*ool-days are ov]4 ,! ,adult ,education ,committee 7 ( op9ion t ! intimate relation%ip requir$ c\ld n exi/ )\t a common adm9i/ration2 & !y w\ld accord+ly h plac$ all our public libr>ies "u ! c>e ( ! education au?orities4 ,!re is no ne$ at ?is po9t to discuss _! proposals1 beyond ass5t+ to ! argum5t = ! close/ bond betwe5 s*ool & libr>y4 ,ev5 if !y cont9ue to be manag$ by diff]5t au?orities1 all libr>y activities 9 ! s*ools %\ld be work$ f ! libr>y4 ,:e!r s*ool libr>ies are /ation>y or circulat+ collections1 !y %\ld be adm9i/]$ f ! *ildr5's libr>y z ! base1 & _! complem5t>y relation !reto %\ld be an important fact 9 ! m9d ( e *ild read]4 ,9 ,engl& x mu/ n be ha/ily assum$ t e t[n or ev5 ! majority are bless$ ) all ! facilities describ$ above = ! b5efit ( *ildr54 ,only a few h fac$ ! problem s]i\sly1 & h>dly any h fac$ ! exp5se ( a ?or\gh s]vice4 ,a t[n l ,toronto employs tw5ty-"o assi/ant-libr>ians 9 ! m]e "w ( sup]vis+ ! s*ool libr>ies1 & _m ,am]ican cities h mu* l>g] /affs engag$ on ?is alone4 ,x is obvi\s1 at all ev5ts1 t no libr>y au?ority c be expect$ to c>ry on su* an und]tak+ except at ! co/ ( ! si/] au?ority1 ready ?\gh x may be to furni% ! k & exp]i5ce ( a tra9$ /aff4 ,common adm9i/ration1 or at lea/ h>moni\s adm9i/ration "u dep>tm5ts ( ! same supreme body1 seems a logical consequ5ce4 ,,comm]cial ,,& ,,indu/rial ,,libr>ies4 ,libr>ies1 l ! books !y h\se & di/ribute1 h multiplex reasons = _! exi/5ce4 ,_! highe/ aim1 l t ( education itself1 is to promote ! m5tal & spiritual life ( ! community2 !y are humani/ f\ndations4 ,b ! race mu/ be cons]v$2 our daily ne$s mu/ be satisfi$4 ,national safety1 lib]ty to develop ourselves1 ! economy ( our physical exi/5ce1 mu/ be assur$1 or humanism is a *im]a4 ,our libr>ies mu/ p]=m _! necess>y "p 9 ! functions we label utilit>ian1 )\t1 h[ev]1 omitt+ or slack5+ 9 _! high] purposes4 ,a g5]al libr>y1 9 %ort1 is conc]n$ n only ) human k1 b also ) e human int]e/ & activity2 n only ) sci5ce1 philosophy1 !ory1 b ) all ! practical arts1 ^? :i* are = ! pres]vation1 z well z ^? :i* are = ! highe/ developm5t ( humanity4 ,9 ! dep>tm5t ( ! public libr>y n[ to be consid]$ ^! mat]ial objects are ! ma9 conc]n4 ,a mod]n comm]cial libr>y is some?+ utt]ly diff]5t f any libr>y h]et(ore consid]$4 ,"h1 z an advocate ( m & bett] comm]cial & te*nical libr>ies puts x1 8,! humani/ w h to give way to ! economi/ & man ( sci5ce40 ,illu/ration3 ,,pat5t ,,(fice ,,libr>y4 ,f _! e>lie/ ye>s1 public libr>ies h admitt$ ^! claims1 & !y h put =? special ef=ts to supply ! peculi> ne$s ( ! work+ classes4 ,! nature ( ! indu/ries c>ri$ on has be5 ! *ief factor det]m9+ ! directions 9 :i* ! /ock ( books %\ld diff] 9 any giv5 locality f :at may be describ$ z ! /&>d selection4 ,text-books on su* indu/ries & _! subsidi>y subjects1 illu/rat$ treatises & o!r exp5sive works ( ref]5ce1 h be5 provid$ z lib]ally z funds p]mitt$2 & ! same att5tion has be5 paid to ! local trades & pr(essions4 ,c]ta9 obvi\s re/rictions mu/ be all[$ =1 besides limit$ res\rces4 ,few places h be5 able to provide a law libr>y or an ext5sive collection ( m$ical books4 ,! solicitor usually has 8 own book-case ( legal lit]ature1 & s ) ! physician & surgeon2 !y also h access to l>ge pr(essional libr>ies4 ,nev]!less1 if ! public libr>y seems to disreg>d c]ta9 pr(essions1 x is r on ! score ( exp5se & ( limit$ dem&s ?an t x disclaims its duty4 ,a national sy/em ( libr>ies w\ld c]ta9ly h to provide = ^! classes1 probably by organiz+ a c5tral supply & loans to ! ne>e/ libr>y1 9 ! way propos$ = deal+ ) ! m advanc$ & co/ly te*nical works = indu/ries4 ,! work+ me*anic1 ! small manufactur]1 ! factory workman1 ! te*nical /ud5t1 & ! tradesman are 9 a m necessit\s condition2 !y _c give a /&+ ord] = all ! newe/ manuals1 !y h no pr(essional libr>y f :i* to borr[4 ,9 highly te*nical indu/ries1 only ! l>ge/ firms c af=d to keep abrea/ ( ! rapid gr[? 9 sci5tific k2 & to d x !y mu/ in/all1 n only a co/ly ars5al ( books1 dige/s1 & p]iodicals record+ ! fruits ( rese>*1 b also a special /aff to extract1 regi/]1 & index ! mo/ rec5t in=mation4 ,s rapid is ! rate ( progress 9 all dep>tm5ts ( k t books are quickly left beh9d1 & ! proce$+s ( sci5tific societies1 te*nical p]iodicals1 & ev5 ! daily press1 mu/ be sy/ematically ransack$ by ! in=mation bureau1 if a progressive firm is to be sure ( utiliz+ e inv5tion & improvem5t 9 ! fulle/ economic way4 ,&rew ,c>negie said t 8 own firm wa/$ hundr$s ( ?\s&s ( doll>s ?r\gh fail+ at fir/ to provide _! manag]s ) ! fulle/ in=mation on :at _h be5 done ?r\gh\t ! _w 9 _! dep>tm5ts4 ,is ! public libr>y to conf9e itself to ! n>r[] mission ( assi/+ ! ne$y work]1 or to laun* out on ?is m ambiti\s project1 & compete ) ! skill$ /aff "w employ$ by ! weal?y indu/rial corporation8 ,aft] all1 ! weal?y corporation has contribut$ 9 proportion to its rateable assets to ! upkeep ( ! libr>y1 & has1 on ! face ( x1 z good a claim to "s return z ! meane/ ratepay]1 unless ! orig9al idea t ! public libr>y 0 only = ! work+ classes is /ill to prevail4 ,if ! public libr>y 71 9 ! full s5se1 a work+ "p ( ! ma*9]y = national welf>e1 !re c\ld be no d\bt ab\t ! answ]4 ,z x is1 only a few ( ! m prosp]\s & en]getic libr>ies h accept$ ! l>g] obligation2 &1 ev5 s1 no ,briti% libr>y c be comp>$ ) ! great comm]cial libr>ies ( ,am]ica1 ) su* a f\ndation z ! ,comm]cial ,museum ( ,philadelphia1 ) its exhau/ive collections ( te*nical & bus9ess in=mation & its /aff ( consult+ speciali/s1 or ) ! ,in/itute ( ,comm]ce at ,antw]p4 ,! utt] inability ( ! public libr>y s]vice to cope ) ! requirem5ts ( indu/ry & comm]ce 0 gr[+ m manife/ be=e ! w>4 ,x 0 true !n z n[ t no s+le libr>y c\ld satisfy ! te*nical ne$s ev5 ( its own di/rict1 & t "s sy/em ( mutual aid & c5tral supply mu/ be devis$ to supplem5t ! f9e/ local provision4 ,) ! viol5t awak5+ to ! lack ( organization ( our res\rces :i* ! w> br\ght ab\t1 ! problem came into cle>] focus4 ,! ,libr>y ,association took ! matt] up ) due s]i\sness 9 #aiaf1 fir/ inquir+ into ! be/ me?ods ( develop+ ! sci5tific & te*nical dep>tm5ts ( public libr>ies1 & !n into ! collat]al problem ( comm]cial libr>ies4 ,! dual subject 0 be=e ! important annual conf]5ce ( #aiag1 & /rong resolutions 7 pass$ 9 fav\r ( e/abli%+ comm]cial libr>ies 9 ! *ief c5tres ( trade1 & te*nical libr>ies 9 all l>ge manufactur+ t[ns1 9 bo? cases z an integral "p ( ! public libr>y sy/ems4#g ,s9ce !n1 ! ,te*nical & ,comm]cial ,libr>ies ,committee appo9t$ by ! ,association has put toge!r a mass ( evid5ce on ! subject1 & has c>ri$ on a vigor\s propag&a4 ,_! views did n1 h[ev]1 meet ) ! full approval ( ! ,adult ,education ,committee1 :o incl9$ to ! repres5tations ( ! ,committee ( ! ,privy ,c\ncil = ,sci5tific & ,indu/rial ,rese>* t an indep5d5t s]ies ( te*nical libr>ies %\ld be creat$ 9 connexion ) indu/ries r ?an ) ! exi/+ libr>ies4#h ,! weak po9t ( ! ,libr>y ,association's case _h be5 a c]ta9 vagu5ess z to ! me?ods by :i*1 & ! p>ticul> au?ority by :om1 _! admirable proposals %\ld be c>ri$ into effect4 ,al?\gh !y ackn[l$g$ t ! "w c\ld n be done on a prop] scale by ! public libr>ies unassi/$1 or )\t "s measure ( co-op]ation1 !y hesitat$ to recomm5d t ! public libr>ies %\ld be organiz$ into a reciprocat+ sy/em = ! purpose4 ,!y decl9$ to say :o1 9 _! op9ion1 %\ld set up & :o %\ld control ! ma*9]y ( co-op]ation1 or precisely :at ! 8measures ( co-op]ation0 %\ld be4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 is ! ess5tial po9t ( any s*eme = conc]t$ action1 & ! rival project ( ! ,adult ,education ,committee1 un=tunate z x mu/ appe> to any "o exp]i5c$ 9 ! work+ ( libr>ies & alive to ! wa/efulness ( duplication1 at any rate 0 free f ?is defect4 ,! "q betwe5 ! rival proposals n[ lies 9 abeyance4 ,x is z well t x %\ld lie !re1 till a m con/ructive plan is put =w>d on behalf ( ! public libr>ies4 ,! c\ntry _c af=d to set up an indep5d5t sy/em ( libr>ies at a "t :5 exp5diture mu/ be adju/$ to /rict necessities2 x w\ld be uneconomic to d s at any "t4 ,:atev] ! %ortcom+s ( ! nation's libr>ies1 %ortcom+s due to ! nation's neglect 9 ! pa/1 ^! libr>ies are a go+ conc]n1 a ma*9e well able to c>ry a l>g] load1 "u :i* inde$ !y w\ld run all ! bett] & at a l[] rate p] output4 ,h[ absurd to erect new ma*9]y :5 ! old wants only a little oil+6 ,! proposals ( ! ,adult ,education ,committee are mi/ak52 ^? ( ! ,libr>y ,association are defective4 ,! !ori/ fail$ to call 9 ! exp]t3 ! exp]t suff]$ f obtus5ess ( vision4 ,w !y come toge!r n[ to talk x ov]8 ,mean:ile1 ! public libr>ies h be5 /r5g!n+ _! collections ( te*nical lit]ature1 & comm]cial libr>ies h actually be5 e/abli%$ z an (f%oot ( ! c5tral libr>y at ,birm+ham1 ,liv]pool1 ,glasg[1 ,le$s1 ,brad=d1 ,bri/ol1 & ,man*e/]1 :il/ at ,norwi*1 ,nor?ampton1 ,bolton1 ,croydon1 & ,ro*dale p>ts ( ! libr>y h be5 set aside z bus9ess sections1 & catalogues or guide-books pr9t$ %[+ h[ _! cont5ts may be utiliz$ ) ! maximum ( ease & pr(it4 ,! adv5t ( ! comm]cial libr>y has done m at a s+le bl[ to r\se ! public imag9ation ?an any o!r ev5t 9 ! hi/ory ( public libr>ies4 ,bus9ess m51 :o _h be5 indiff]5t to m]e accumulations ( lit]ature1 f\nd 9 ?is new species ( libr>y1 conta9+ h>dly a s+le volume t ,*>les ,lamb w\ld h dignifi$ ) ! "n ( a book1 a bureau p]=m+ gratis all ! useful s]vices t ! weal?y bus9ess conc]n obta9s at exorbitant exp5se f its l>ge (fice libr>y or dep>tm5t ( in=mation4 ,)9 a ye>1 ! ,glasg[ libr>ian 0 able to report t #cj1jjj visits _h be5 paid to ! new e/abli%m5t by bus9ess p1 & a l>ge numb] ( inquiries by lett]1 telephone1 or telegram satisfactorily answ]$4 ,! av]age daily consultations dur+ ! fir/ ye> at ,man*e/]1 by all sorts ( p]sons f manag+ directors to mess5g]s1 0 ?ree hundr$4#i ,9 ,bri/ol la/ ye> ! consultations ( books1 p]iodicals1 files1 & indexes totall$ #ea1aha4 ,else:]e ! tale is ! same4 ,a m p>ticul> acc\nt ( ! ,man*e/] ,comm]cial ,libr>y1 ! late/ to be op5$1 w indicate ! di/9ctive features & functions ( ^! new dep>tm5ts4 ,its qu>t]s are a l>ge room 9 ! ,royal ,ex*ange1 9 ! he>t ( ! bus9ess region ( ! city3 "h x 0 inaugurat$ by ! ,"l ,mayor on ,octob] #bcrd1 #aiai4 ,a h&book /at+ its aims & expla9+ its uses 0 issu$1 9 :i* x is po9t$ out t ! comm]cial libr>y is !re to provide 8any & e k9d ( comm]cial in=mation t may be obta9$ f pr9t$ matt]1 & su* additional in=mation z x may be possible to procure f public or private s\rces2 & = ! collection1 arrangem5t1 & catalogu+ ( su* pr9t$ matt]1 s z to r5d] x quickly & conv5i5tly available = inquir]s & read]s4 ,x is n a te*nical libr>y2 ^? :o want books on processes ( manufacture mu/ consult ! collection 9 ! ref]5ce libr>y 9 ,piccadilly4 ,its object is to cat] = ! man :o m>kets commodities1 & buys & sells !m2 n = ! man :o makes !m40 ,9 ! fitt+s1 furniture1 & app>atus _m new devices h be5 introduc$1 su* z ! contrivance = m\nt+ & /or+ maps on v]tical cyl9d]s1 & = display+ !m flat on l>ge tables--a me?od t has c]ta9 advantages1 especially :5 a numb] ( diff]5t maps h to be consult$ 9 turn4 ,b ! mo/ /rik+ & 9 _m respects ! mo/ useful piece ( libr>y me*anism is ! v]tical file4 ,?is is a va/ accumulation ( cutt+s f newspap]s & o!r s\rces1 sy/ematically arrang$1 9 :i* any item ( in=mation t may be ( s]vice to ! bus9ess man is pres]v$ & made available = in/ant ref]5ce by a subject index4 ,ab\t #ajj1jjj clipp+s _h be5 laid 91 arrang$1 & index$ by ,m>*1 #aiba2 & ?is home-made encyclopdia1 ?is va/ inquire-)91 enabl$ ! /aff to answ] (f-h& a l>ge p]c5tage ( ! miscellane\s qu]ies com+ 9 f h\r to h\r4#aj ,! p]iodicals tak5 numb] ov] two hundr$1 & include a good _m =eign publications4 ,! late/ maps are add$ to ! collection z !y appe>1 & ! atlases include sev]al t c h>dly be f\nd else:]e1 at lea/ 9 places accessible to ! public4 ,?us ! cont5ts ( ! libr>y are multi=m1 books1 pamphlets1 leaflets1 *>ts1 tables1 z well z press cutt+s2 all are m9utely classifi$1 & graphic me?ods ( subject-catalogu+ make x easy to trace ! mo/ out-(-!-way in=mation4 ,"h is ! summ>y ( ! cont5ts giv5 by ! (ficial h&book3-- ,,! ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,! ,,libr>y4 ,^! may be r\ghly summ>iz$ z foll[s3 ,directories4--,^! embrace ! :ole ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 "s ( ! ,briti% ,colonies1 along ) o!r c\ntries ( ! _w1 & ! pr9cipal cities ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,canada4 ,_m important trades are repres5t$ by trade directories & ye> books4 ,!re is a ,po/ ,(fice ,telephone ,directory = ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,p]iodicals4--,a c>eful selection has be5 made ( ov] #aej trade p]iodicals f all p>ts ( ! _w4 ,p>liam5t>y ,publications4--,! v>i$ & mo/ valuable publications ( ! ,briti% ,gov]nm5t1 be>+1 ei!r 9 :ole or "p1 on comm]cial int]e/s1 are receiv$ regul>ly z issu$4 ,*amb]s ( ,comm]ce ,reports4--,^! include ,*amb]s at home1 & 9 _m =eign c\ntries--,brazil1 ,egypt1 ,s\? ,africa1 ,au/ralia1 ,india1 ,norway1 ,sw$51 c4 ,! collection ( ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce ye> books is ( value z illu/rat+ ! indu/ries ( ! diff]5t t[ns 9 ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,codes4--,a4,b4,c41 ,b5tley1 ,lieb]1 ,lieb]'s ,five ,lett]1 ,scott's ,we/]n ,union1 c4 ,diction>ies4--,engli%1 ,fr5*1 ,g]man1 ,spani%1 ,italian1 ,portuguese1 ,russian4 ,tables4--,calculat+ tables & tables ( =eign ex*anges4 ,text-books4--,comm]cial law1 bank+1 adv]tis+1 acc\ntancy1 (fice me?ods1 insurance1 bus9ess organization1 t>iffs1 salesman%ip1 transportation1 raw mat]ials1 & ! comm]cial side ( textiles & eng9e]+1 are repres5t$ on ! %elves by ! mo/ rec5t books4 ,trade ,catalogues4--,^! are collect$ purely f ! po9t ( view ( ! value ( ! in=mation conta9$ 9 !m1 or z types ( catalogue production4 ,at pres5t a beg9n+ only has be5 made1 _m firms n hav+ publi%$ catalogues dur+ ! w>4 ,! catalogues are classifi$ & catalogu$ 9 ! same way z o!r books4 ,maps & ,atlases4--,comm]cial r\tes & diff]5t c\ntries are well repres5t$1 & ! be/ ( ! new maps & atlases w be add$ :5 publi%$4 ,p>liam5t>y comm& pap]s deal+ ) comm]cial matt]s are receiv$ on publication1 & lib]al assi/ance is giv5 by ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ov]seas ,trade1 ,*amb]s ( ,comm]ce bo? home & =eign1 trade societies1 bus9ess firms1 & ,briti% consuls & trade commission]s4 ,bullet9s are issu$ by ! libr>y mon? by mon?1 giv+ li/s ( books on acc\ntancy1 bank+1 =eign directories1 sci5tific managem5t1 adv]tis+1 =eign trade1 & simil> topics4 ,ev5 a manufactur]'s catalogue becomes a "w ( high utility & importance :5 x takes its prop] place 9 su* a collection1 (t5 af=d+ valuable assi/ance to inquir]s 9 se>* ( ! manufactur] ( any giv5 article4 ,! ,libr>y ( ,comm]ce at ,bri/ol is simil>ly organiz$1 & has met ) l appreciation4 ,! foll[+ is a return ( ! consultations f ,febru>y #aibj to ,janu>y #bbnd1 #aiba3-- #aibj ,books4 ,directories4 ,maps4 ,p]iodicals4 ,total4 ,feb4-,june #dcgh #fajb #gbe #hacg #aicdb ,july #hcg #aejb #agb #baha #dfib ,augu/ #gce #abgf #bfa #aghj #djeb ,septemb] #hbc #adjb #agb #ahjf #dbjc ,octob] #ihf #aeaj #aeh #baae #dgfi ,novemb] #abba #abef #afa #bjgi #dgag ,decemb] #gaj #aaee #acc #agci #cgcg #aiba ,jan4 #a 7#a day7 #ba #dc #c #ha #adh ,week end+ ,jan4 #h #ahd #ccc #cd #eac #ajfd ,jan4 #ae #bbj #cbf #ce #ejd #ajhe ,jan4 #bb #bbj #cja #cf #eah #ajge ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,gr& ,total #aj1cce #ae1bjf #a1hij #ba1dec #dh1hhd ---------------------------------------- --------------------- ,"h are "s examples ( ! que/ions t h be5 ask$ & answ]$--9 sev]al in/ances ) ! direct consequ5ce t ! inquir] has be5 sav$ losses runn+ into v l>ge figures3-- ,:at are ! means ( communication 9 ,be*uanal&8 ,0 ! #ahic v9tage good8 ,:at has be5 ! mon?ly p]c5tage ( ! increase ( ! co/ ( liv+ s9ce ,july #aiad 7retail & :olesale78 ,:at is ! proc$ure = ! w9d+ up ( a company8 ,:at is ! bank deposit rate8 ,:at is ! am\nt payable = brok]age8 ,:at is ! /ate ( ! wool m>ket 9 ,au/ralia8 ,:o are ! pr9cipal mak]s ( knitt+ ma*9es8 ,c ! movem5ts ( a vessel be trac$ ?r\gh #aibj8 ,:at is ! /amp duty on a =m ( contract8 ,:at is ! position ( trade 9 ! ,arg5t9e8 ,:at "t w\ld a /eam] take to g f ,hull to ! ,can>y ,isles8 ,:at is ! diff]5ce 9 ! rate ( ex*ange 9 ,u4,s4,a4 9 ,septemb] #aiai & ,july #aibj8 ,:at is ! duty on w9e & spirits8 ,:at is ! position ( ! ,belgian indu/ries8 ,:at is ! "t-limit = /amp+ a =m ( agreem5t8 ,sev]al inquiries = help 9 cod+ & decod+ cables4 ,! wid? ( ! ,riv] ,tees f ,/ockton to ,middlesbr\gh4 ,names ( ,portuguese %ip[n]s trad+ ) ,engli% ports4 ,own]s ( /eam]s sail+ betwe5 ,dov] & ,calais1 & p>ticul>s ( s]vice4 ,! late/ in=mation re ,indigo 9 ,india4 ,! flat rate ( pay = seam54 ,price ( bunk] coal 9 ,new ,york 9 ,july1 #aibj4 ,at ,le$s1 ! comm]cial libr>y is comb9$ ) ! te*nical libr>y--an unusual arrangem5t1 b "o = :i* !re is a good deal to be said z well z aga9/4 ,te*nical libr>ies exi/ = ! supply ( in=mation1 & also to subs]ve te*nical education3 a comm]cial libr>y is = in=mation simply4 ,!re are inconv5i5ces atta*$ to ! comb9ation2 x is n a m]e "q ( logical diff]5tiation4 ,comm]cial libr>ies are op5 dur+ bus9ess h\rs1 & clos$ 9 ! ev5+s & on ,saturday aft]noons1 ! v "t :5 ! te*nical /ud5t w\ld use ! libr>y mo/4 ,! "o1 aga91 is arrang$ & furni%$ to facilitate rapid consultation1 n z a place = prolong$ /udy4 ,logically1 ( c\rse1 x seems absurd to sep>ate ! lit]ature on mak+ a ?+ f ! lit]ature on sell+ x1 ! production dep>tm5t f ! sales dep>tm5t4 ,big libr>ies may "s day divide naturally into a mod]n side & a humani/ side1 & ?is might prove z conv5i5t a di*otomy z x is suit$ to ! logic ( mod]n life4 ,at any rate1 ! exp]im5t at ,le$s is wor? wat*+1 & public exp$i5ce mu/ settle ! po9t4 ,^! comm]cial dep>tm5ts h enl>g$ ! ord9>y prov9ce ( ! public libr>y1 & h develop$ into some?+ l ! intellig5ce bureau ( a l>ge indu/rial firm4 ,! /aff is prep>$ to supply1 n only ! means ( in=mation1 b also in=mation itself4 ,_m ye>s ago1 9 ! ,c>diff & "s o!r public libr>ies1 a new in/itution call$ ! in=mation desk came into vogue1 :]e a tra9$ assi/ant sat at ! receipt ( que/ions1 oral1 po/al1 or telephonic1 :i* he answ]$ =?)1 or aft] se>* 9 directories1 diction>ies1 & o!r comp5diums ( in=mation1 includ+ ! file ( inquiries already h&l$4 ,9 a comm]cial t[n1 ?is dep>ture f old-fa%ion$ practice 0 welcom$ z extremely useful4 ,public libr>ies sudd5ly became popul> ) a class :o _h hi!rto sc>cely notic$ _! exi/5ce4 ,! new comm]cial libr>ies p]=m ! same function mu* m effectively1 because !y h f> l>g] masses ( in=mation tabulat$ & mobiliz$1 & are ready to lead up _! res]ves at any mom5t4 ,! ,adult ,education ,committee criticize ?is trans=mation ( "p ( ! libr>y into an intellig5ce bureau4 ,!re seems to be a fe> t x may compete ) ! comm]cial intellig5ce dep>tm5t ( ! ,gov]nm5t or ) ! *amb]s ( comm]ce4 ,admitt+ t ! b\nd>y betwe5 ! prov9ce ( ^! organizations & t ( ! comm]cial libr>y is n easy to def9e1 !y prote/ 8t ! function ( ! comm]cial dep>tm5t ( a local libr>y is prim>ily to provide books conc]n$ ) ! !ory & practice ( comm]ce & cognate subjects1 r ?an detail$ in=mation on matt]s ( trade40 ,"h ! m9d ( ! !ori/1 ! /]n logician1 is aga9 at "w1 mak+ havoc ( exp$i5cy1 & also ( common s5se4 ,if ! comm]cial libr>y is do+ ! "w s well1 & do+ x *eaply into ! b>ga91 !n if y are go+ to %ut up any?+1 %ut up ! ,gov]nm5t dep>tm5t3 ! trade association w be only too glad to be sav$ do+ ! job ov] aga94 ,give ! libr>y its prop] equipm5t 9 money & privilege1 give x room & opportunity to develop into an in/itute ( comm]ce1 & ! taxpay] & _m o!r p's pockets w be sp>$4#aa ,^! outside organizations1 :e!r run by ! ,gov]nm5t or by ! trad]s1 are 9 fact work+ "u disadvantages s long z !y are n lodg$ 9 a fir/-class comm]cial libr>y & c>ri$ on by a /aff tra9$ 9 libr>y me?ods1 ! results are less satisfactory & m co/ly to produce4 ,e libr>y1 9 "o ( its aspects1 is an in=mation bureau4 ,p$antic classification may draw a %>p l9e betwe5 "o sort ( in=mation & ano!r2 exp]i5ce & exp$i5cy po9t to ! libr>y z ! "r place = ! retail ( intellig5ce1 :e!r practical or !oretic4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo ,pictorial ,ag5cy4 ,,libr>y ,,( ,,! ,,in/itute ,,( ,,actu>ies1 ,,/aple ,,inn ,,hall4 ,! comm]cial libr>y or ! te*nical libr>y provid$ by ! municipality w n lead to ! ext9ction ( ! libr>y belong+ to ! private firm2 r may x be expect$ to t5d to ! multiplication & developm5t ( ^!1 j z access to books 9 public libr>ies has l$ to m book-buy+ by read]s1 :o h le>n$ ! value ( books1 & feel ! ne$ to h c]ta9 works always by !m on _! own %elves4 ,! great imm$iate b5efit is to ! small] firms & ! individual work]2 b ev5 !y w no d\bt acquire ev5tually f> m books = !mselves1 & a mu* bett] selection ( books1 z a direct result ( access to a public bus9ess libr>y1 famili>ity ) its cont5ts1 & realization ( ! enorm\s advantage ( be+ 9 con/ant t\* ) ! late/ s\rces ( in=mation4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :i* are incomp>ably bett] (f ?an ?is c\ntry 9 all sorts ( comm]cial1 te*nical1 & o!r special libr>ies provid$ by public funds1 !re are n[ ab\t #b1ejj bus9ess libr>ies e/abli%$ by progressive firms4#ab ,,books ,,= ,,! ,,bl9d4 ,z long ago z #aheg1 ! ,liv]pool ,public ,libr>ies set ! example ( provid+ books 9 rais$ type = ! bl9d4 ,at ,nott+ham1 "o ( ! fir/ to foll[ ?is lead1 ,i rememb] _m ye>s lat] visit+ ! room set ap>t = ! bl9d1 & wat*+ sev]al bl9d p at "w produc+ new pages 9 emboss$ pr9t f ano!r sightless p]son's dictation4 ,along ! walls 7 deep cases enclos+ long sets ( portly qu>tos or folios--novels by ,scott or ,dick5s 9 eight or t5 volumes apiece1 ,macaulay's ,hi/ory ( ,engl& 9 sev5ty-two1 ! ,bible 9 ?irty-eight1 & s on4 ,at t "t1 ! supply ( books = ! bl9d _h be5 s f> c5traliz$ t mo/ libr>ies reli$ ^u collections at ,man*e/]1 ,nott+ham1 ,london1 or o!r places1 run *iefly by volunt>y organizations4 ,& n[1 few if any public libr>ies provide books = ! bl9d !mselves1 ! ,national ,libr>y = ! ,bl9d1 9 ,tufton ,/reet1 ,we/m9/]1 or its bran* at ,man*e/]1 be+ a depot = all4 ,?is admirable in/itution1 at once a great book/ore & a place = bo? recreation & educational "w1 ) its read+ rooms1 music room1 & hall = meet+s & discussions1 0 provid$ by ! ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/4 ,public libr>ies & o!r in/itutions all ov] ! c\ntry are entitl$ to borr[ f x = ! b5efit ( _! bl9d read]s1 on paym5t ( a mod]ate subscription4 8,x is closely affiliat$ ) ! ,/ud5ts' ,libr>y at ,ox=d1 :i* is gradually be+ built up to supply ! special ne$s ( ,univ]sity m540#ac ,/amp+ ma*9]y is n[ us$ = ! production ( metal plates1 f :i* any numb] ( copies ( books 9 emboss$ type may be obta9$1 ?\gh ! process is co/ly4 ,! ,c>negie ,tru/ has provid$ funds = ! manufacture ( metal plates by ! ,national ,in/itute = ! ,bl9d & by ! ,royal ,bl9d ,asylum & ,s*ool at ,ed9burgh4 ,all copies ( /&>d works ?us pr9t$--if ! ^w may be us$--are pres5t$ to ! ,national ,libr>y1 & ! /]eotype plates rema9 on h& = fur!r issues4 ,! "w ( transcrib+ books by h& is1 h[ev]1 gr[+ enorm\sly1 & is ( va/ importance1 z is %[n by ! fact t dur+ #aibj1 #dca complete new works ( lit]ature runn+ into #a1cga volumes ( ,braille 7 produc$ 9 ?is way f ink pr9t by ! ,libr>y's volunt>y work]s 7( :om !re are "s #ejj7 :il/ dur+ ! same p]iod #hi complete new works 7 publi%$ by ! /]eotyp+ h\ses4 ,x w ?us be se5 t if ! bl9d ( ! c\ntry dep5d$ only on ! /]eotyp$ books produc$1 _! *oice ( read+ matt] w\ld be exce$+ly limit$4 ,bl9d copyi/s are employ$ to duplicate ! books at an av]age co/ ( #bes4 p] volume1 :5ce x is obvi\s t lit]>y provision = ! bl9d is v exp5sive1 & is possible on any adequate scale only if lib]al public support is =?com+4 ,rec5tly1 alas1 !re has be5 a va/ increase 9 ! numb]s ( bl9d p]sons4 ,! idea ( ! old *>itable in/itutions t su* read]s w\ld be satisfi$ ) books ( moral edification 0 ab&on$ long ago2 n[adays x w\ld be absurd4 ,books on e subject1 s]i\s read+ & light read+1 educational lit]ature & lit]ature record+ rec5t sci5tific advances & express+ ! late/ phases ( ?\ght1 are 9 dem& among bl9d read]s repres5t+ e grade ( culture4 ,9 %ort1 !re is no m limit1 except ! co/ ( produc+ copies 9 ?is special =m1 to ! cont5ts ( a mod]n libr>y = ! bl9d ?an to ^? ( any o!r g5]al libr>y4 ,at pres5t1 ! ,national ,libr>y has ne>ly #fe1jjj books on its %elves1 besides "s #ab1jjj volumes ( music4 ,! public libr>y 9 any subscrib+ locality is ?us reliev$ ( ! s]i\s burd51 n m]ely ( pur*as+1 b also ( h\s+ ^! bulky volumes4 ,a read] s5ds 9 8 li/ ( books requir$1 :i* is transmitt$ to ! ,national ,libr>y1 & ! books are !n s5t direct to ! read]'s home4 ,x is a "w ( public b5efit1 yea1 ( national obligation1 t surely cries l\dly = ,/ate aid4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates consignm5ts ( books = ! bl9d are c>ri$ free to ! ne>e/ po/ (fice or /ation4 8,( #ab1hai books = ! bl9d circulat$ by ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y 9 #aijh1 #h1eeh 7 s5t free by mail40#ad ,our ,po/ ,(fice has made concessions n q s g5]\s1 all[+ a book weigh+ #f lbs4 to travel = #b;d41 & "o weigh+ #e lbs4 to be s5t any:]e abroad = #b;d4 ,! *eap] transmission ( books by po/ w become an urg5t "q :5ev] a national sy/em ( int]*ange betwe5 all mann] ( libr>ies becomes an accompli%$ fact2 b1 ev5 !n1 ! case ( ! bl9d w be "o call+ = exceptional lib]ality4 ,,footnotes3 #d ,a4 ,e4 ,bo/wick4 8,! ,am]ican ,public ,libr>y10 p4 #ef-g4 #e ,r4 ,a4 ,rye4 8,! ,libr>ies ( ,london3 a guide = /ud5ts0 7,univ]sity ( ,london1 #aiaj74 #f ,adult ,education ,committee3 ,f9al ,report1 p>4 #e4 #g ,a ,"q ( ! ,day3 ,public ,libr>ies 7,libr>y ,association1 #aiah74 #h ,?ird ,int]im ,report3--,c4--,te*nical & ,comm]cial ,libr>ies4 #i ,! foll[+ %[s ! numb] ( read]s mon?ly3-- ,oct4 #aiai #a1caf ,nov4 #d1cfa ,dec4 #d1dje ,jan4 #aibj #e1fjh ,feb4 #e1bei ,m>* #f1aff ,april #e1ehe ,may #d1daf ,june #aibj #f1jbi ,july #e1ggb ,aug4 #e1icf ,sept4 #f1cfe ,oct4 #f1hga ,nov4 #g1dbh ,dec4 #f1fag ,jan4 #aiba #g1jdc #aj ,on ! o!r h&1 ! complexity & ! effici5cy organization requir$ 9 ! te*nical libr>y & in=mation dep>tm5t ( a mod]n bus9ess und]tak+1 may be realiz$ f an article on 8,! ,libr>y at ! ,arde] ,factory ( ,nobel's ,explosives ,co41 ,ltd40 7,libr>y ,association ,record1 ,june1 #aiba74 #aa ,am]ican op9ion is all 9 fav\r ( ! use ( ! libr>y z an in=mation dep>tm5t4 8,! aim ( ! bus9ess libr>y is r to function z a c5tral in=mation1 /ati/ical1 or rese>* bureau1 or1 l o!r dep>tm5ts1 to aid directly or indirectly 9 pr(its1 9 increas+ quantity1 quality1 or effici5cy ( production1 9 build+ up an intellig5t "w =ce1 or 9 ! g5]al improvem5t & ext5sion ( ! bus9ess4 ,only 9 s f> z x does ?is is ! bus9ess libr>y ju/ifiable40 ,j4 ,h4 ,fri$el1 ,tra9+ = ,libr>ian%ip1 p4 #aae4 #ab 8,)9 ! la/ ?ree ye>s ! numb] ( bus9ess libr>ies has m ?an d\bl$40 ,j4 ,h4 ,fri$el3 ,tra9+ = ,libr>ian%ip 7#aiba71 p4 #aac4 ,see also ! *apt]s on ,special ,libr>ies1 ,agricultural ,libr>ies1 ,f9ancial ,libr>ies1 ,law ,libr>ies1 ,te*nical ,libr>ies1 etc4 #ac ,libr>y ,association ,record1 ,aug41 #aibj1 p4 #beh4 #ad ,a4 ,e4 ,bo/wick3 ,! ,am]ican ,public ,libr>y1 p4 #ca4 ,,iii ,,libr>y ,,ext5sion4 ,libr>y ,ext5sion is closely analog\s to ! m famili> phrase ,univ]sity ,ext5sion4 ,x /&s = v>i\s activities t g outside1 (t5 f> outside1 ! prov9ce m>k$ out by ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts1 yet are natural if n inevitable coroll>ies ( ! educational & social doctr9es t =mulat$ ^? ,acts4 ,!y c>ry ! s]vices & influ5ce ( ! libr>y into o!r sph]es--! s*ool1 ! home1 ! volunt>y association--& exp& its functions f ! me*anical disposal ( books z /ock-9-trade to _! treatm5t z atoms pack$ ) vital =ce1 electrons *>g$ ) incalculable en]gies capable ( work+ great consequ5ces 9 t susceptible region1 human life4 ,a libr>y may conf9e itself to a passive attitude1 & s long z x responds m or less freely to ext]nal pressure x may be acceptable & useful to a small proportion ( ! p]sons :o pay = its upkeep4 ,b x 0 long ago borne 9 ^u ! f>-sight$ libr>ian & committee-man t a m active1 nay1 a positively militant policy 0 requir$ if ! public libr>y 0 to ex]cise all its p[]s = good 9 ! social economy4 ,m books h m\ld]$ away or come to a l +lori\s & ineffectual end ?an 7 ev] worn out by h>d use4 ,y c (f] y\r public ! f9e/ collection ( books--x has be5 done aga9 & aga9 by pr(ligate philan?ropi/s--& nev] get !m read1 or ! p's life & ta/e improv$4 ,x is easy to buy books2 x is mu* m difficult1 & f> m important1 to create read]s4#ae ,! libr>ian's duty1 he has f\nd by h>% exp]i5ce1 is tw(old3 to contrive a libr>y s]vice1 & to see t ! be/ use is made ( x4 ,in/ruction 9 ! art ( read+ & 9 ! *oice ( books1 x may be object$1 is = ! tea*]1 n ! libr>ian4 ,!oretically1 x may be s2 b ! rejo9d] is1 our tea*]s h nev] succe$$ 9 ! task1 !y h n ev5 address$ !mselves to x1 & !y are n likely to succe$ unless !y "w h& 9 h& ) ! libr>ian3 !y mu/1 inde$1 rely on ! libr>ian1 ! book-exp]t1 m & m "u mod]n conditions1 = guidance 9 _! own read+ & 9 c>ry+ out _! own functions accord+ to ! newe/ lights4 ,x is l>gely ow+ to ! lack ( any regul> correlation betwe5 s*ools & libr>ies t ! results ( ! ,education ,acts h be5 s unsatisfactory4 ,! mi/akes ( #ahej might h be5 rectifi$ 9 #ahgj by br++ ! new sy/em ( s*ool+ into ! close/ contact ) ! public libr>ies4 ,b1 ?\gh x 0 enact$ t e *ild %\ld be taught to read1 t *ildr5 %\ld be taught h[ to read1 & :]e & :at to read1 seems to h sc>cely ent]$ ! m9ds ( ^? responsible = elem5t>y education4 ,9 introduc+ ! ,education ,e/imates = #aiag-h1 ,mr4 ,fi%] said 9 ! ,h\se ( ,commons 7,april #ai?1 #aiag73-- 8,i h be5 impress$ by ! fact t boys :o h be5 /irr$ up at ! age ( sixte5 or sev5te5 to att5d ! te*nological classes atta*$ to our new univ]sities 9 ! nor? ( ,engl& h s lo/ ! habit ( intellectual activity z to cloy & imp$e ! effici5t work+ ( ! college4444 ,! c\ntry does n get full value out ( its elem5t>y s*ools1 because s mu* ( ! tra9+ & in/ruction is subsequ5tly lo/40 ,:y _h ^! boys lo/ ! habit ( intellectual activity8 ,because1 fir/1 ?\gh !y _h receiv$ ! usual prim>y s*ool+1 !y _h nev] _h in/ill$ into !m intellectual habits1 int]e/s1 or lik+s2 &1 second1 because1 ev5 :]e libr>ies & o!r intellectual in/itutions exi/$1 !y _h nev] be5 br\ght inside _! doors1 or le>n$ t ^! ?+s 7 _! own & w\ld satisfy _! multif>i\s ne$s ! m !y us$ !m4 ,libr>y ,ext5sion aims at ! repair ( ^! ov]sights4 ,! activities :i* x connotes %\ld be an important "p ( ! libr>y s]vice :5 ?is is reorganiz$ on a national basis4 ,9 reality1 ,libr>y ,ext5sion is a return to ! broad] idea ( ! p's in/itutes4 ,! lectures1 read+ circles1 meet+s = /udy & discussion1 ! co-op]ative alliances ) en]getic bodies su* z ! ,work]s' ,educational ,association1 ! local field club1 sci5tific society1 or ! l1 ! clos] relations ) s*ools & all intellectual ag5cies1 are revivals & developm5ts ( ! social ef=ts at adult education :i* gave life to ^? in/itutions 9 ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury4 ,z w\ld be expect$1 ! t[ns :i* h tak5 ! lead 9 su* ext5sion ef=ts z c\rses ( public lectures h be5 places :]e ! traditional bond betwe5 ! libr>y & k9dr$ f\ndations l ! museum & art gall]y h nev] be5 sev]$4 ,su* a comb9ation is a mu* m appropriate eng9e ( ext5sion activity ?an is ! libr>y t is m]ely a libr>y4 ,x usually conta9s a lecture hall1 if n small] rooms = /udy & discussion4 ,9 addition to ! books1 :i* mu/ be available & mu/ be read if lectures are to h any la/+ results1 ! collections 9 ! museum are !re = use 9 connexion ) sci5tific & hi/orical lectures1 & ! gall]y provides ! mo/ appropriate illu/rations = ^? on arti/ic subjects4 ,9 "s t[ns1 libr>y1 museum1 & art gall]y are h\s$ "u "o ro(1 gov]n$ by ! same committee1 & ev5 sup]9t5d$ by ! same curator4 ,sometimes ! te*nical s*ool is "o ( ! gr\p4 ,too close a coalition may h detrim5tal results4 ,adm9i/ration by "o *ief (fic] is h>dly ju/ifiable unless ! :ole e/abli%m5t is only on a mod]ate scale4 ,!re is always ! risk t "o dep>tm5t w fl\ri% at ! exp5se ( ! o!rs4 ,"o ( ! mo/ disa/r\s in/ances )9 my exp]i5ce 0 :5 ! committee ( a _m-sid$ in/itute *ose a libr>ian = 8 qualifications z a college lectur]4 ,9 ?is case1 x 0 ! libr>y t w5t to ! wall4 ,9 o!rs1 x has be5 ! museum1 ! picture gall]y1 or ! s*ool1 :5 !re has be5 "o atta*$2 or ! :ole has suff]$ f ! lack ( close att5tion or ( ! special k & exp]i5ce requir$ equally by ea* dep>tm5t4 ,b ?is is no argum5t aga9/ ! policy ( putt+ !m all "u "o committee z bran*es ( "o corporate und]tak+4 ,,lectures ,,9 ,,! ,,libr>y4 ,at ,liv]pool1 :]e libr>y1 museum1 & art gall]y are 9 ! same suite ( build+s1 & "u "o g5]al committee1 sections ( :i* are detail$ to sup]vise ! sev]al dep>tm5ts1 !re is an example ( intimate correlation on ! l>ge/ scale4 ,"h1 9 ! ,picton ,!atre "u ! c5tral libr>y & 9 ! lecture halls atta*$ to ! bran*es1 free c\rses ( lectures h be5 c>ri$ on ev] s9ce #ahfe1 av]ag+ n[ "s two hundr$ ye>ly1 ) an aggregate annual att5dance ( ne>ly #bjj1jjj4 ,at ,bootle1 ,sal=d1 ,w>r+ton1 ,wigan1 ,c>diff1 ,wallasey1 ,bri/ol1 ,d]by1 ,norwi*1 ,maid/one1 ,leek1 & o!r places1 mo/ly 9 ! midl&s1 & at ,isl+ton1 ,croydon1 ,woolwi*1 ,wal?am/[1 ,camb]well1 ,k+/on1 ,*elsea1 ,hamp/ead1 ,fulham1 ,hornsey1 ,bromley1 & o!r public libr>ies 9 ! ,london area1 w9t] s]ies ( public lectures 7 9 full sw+ 9 ! ye>s be=e ! w>1 & 9 _m cases h n be5 discont9u$ or h s9ce be5 reviv$4 ,a good proportion ( ^! libr>ies are ( ! old composite type1 complete ) museum & art gall]y2 o!rs are t5d+ to become su*4 ,at ,nott+ham1 :]e ! public libr>y is 9 p>tn]%ip1 z x 71 ) ! ,univ]sity ,college next door1 among v>i\s ext5sion ef=ts ! half-h\r talks on books & read+ h = sev]al decades be5 a popul> mode ( /imulat+ ta/e & self-education1 bo? 9 adults & 9 *ildr51 & h be5 widely imitat$4 ,! ,man*e/] ,public ,libr>y 0 ! pione] 9 ?is provision ( lectures be>+ directly on ! uses ( libr>ies & ! be/ me?ods ( read+ & private /udy4 ,a l>ge proportion ( ! libr>y build+s put up dur+ ! la/ two or ?ree decades are possess$ ( lecture halls4 8,x is also mo/ desirable10 say ! ,adult ,education ,committee1 8t all public libr>ies %\ld possess a room l>ge en\gh to be us$ = classes1 lectures1 & discussions40 ,& yet1 only 9 a few spots1 su* z ,liv]pool1 enjoy+ ! privileges ( special ,acts ( ,p>liam5t1 is x legal to pay a lectur]'s fee1 or inde$ to sp5d a p5ny on ?is invaluable &1 "o w\ld ?9k1 indisp5sable "w4 ,among ! pr9cipal reasons put =w>d by ! ,committee ( #ahdi = ! e/abli%m5t ( p's libr>ies 0 ! gr[+ dem& = public lectures4 ,un=tunately1 ! po9t 0 ov]look$ or dropp$ out = motives ( policy :5 ! ,act 0 draft$1 & repeat$ appeals to h su* exp5diture legaliz$ h fall5 on deaf e>s4 ,?us ! "w is c>ri$ on "u ! mo/ disc\rag+ & repressive conditions4 ,if a public libr>y is s reckless z to emb>k on illu/rat$ lectures1 x mu/ get hold ( a lant]n1 9 =ma paup]is f "s b5evol5t donor1 or borr[ x f a neighb\rly in/itution t is n hamp]$ by legislative taboos4 ,ev5 to pr9t a programme or po/ up a plac>d means sur*>ge by ! ,gov]nm5t auditor4 ,9 "s places1 accord+ly1 ! co/ is defray$ out ( gifts by public-spirit$ citiz5s or by s5d+ r\nd ! hat = subscriptions4 ,"o excell5t device1 :i* has obvi\s advantages ov] & above ! f9ancial exp$i5ce1 is to enrol ! regul> att5dants at ! lectures into a lit]>y society ) a small subscription4 ,ano!r & a v objectionable me?od is to make adv]tisem5ts on ! programmes pay ! pr9t]'s bill4 ,a public in/itution ought n to be driv5 to su* %ifts4 ,&1 ev5 9 ! happie/ circum/ances1 v r>ely are funds =?com+ = ! engagem5t ( pr(essional lectur]s3 libr>y committees h _h1 almo/ )\t exception1 to fall back ^u ! volunte]4 ,nev]!less1 effici5t volunte]s h be5 =?com+3 x is inde$ surpris+ h[ _m lectur]s ( a high ord] c be enli/$ by a libr>ian :o keeps 8 eyes op5 = ability & s*ol>%ip & no caprice = hid+ ! light "u a bu%el4 ,x 0 ! pres5t writ]'s duty to organize regul> weekly lectures at ! c5tral & ! two *ief di/rict libr>ies ( a l>ge ,london bor\gh = sev]al successive w9t]s4 ,by ! ex]cise ( "s vigilance & diplomacy1 fir/-class lectur]s on a v>iety ( subjects 7 secur$1 )\t a p5ny ( exp5se to ! bor\gh4 ,! quality ( ! lectures 0 witness$ by ! att5dance1 :i* av]ag$ well ov] two hundr$--hundr$s turn$ away on nights :5 !re 7 bump] h\ses n be+ c\nt$4 ,!re is ano!r side to ?is "q ( volunt>y lectur]s1 :i* may p]haps be urg$ by ! ,lecture ,ag5cy & ! ,univ]sity ,ext5sion bo>ds1 t x is robb+ ! paid lectur] ( 8 occupation4 ,9 ! pres5t condition ( ?+s ! po9t h>dly arises4 ,!re is no money = ! pr(essional lectur]1 s t ! amateur _c be *>g$ ) blacklegg+2 b x w assur$ly arise :5 lecture & o!r tutorial s*emes are prop]ly recogniz$ & f9anc$4 ,:5 t "t arrives1 h[ev]1 !re w be su* a dem& = lectur]s t ! :ole "q w be se5 to h diff]5t be>+s4 ,!re w be c\rses ( lectures runn+1 or dem&+ to be run1 at e libr>y1 includ+ mo/ ( ! bran* e/abli%m5ts2 !re w be tutorial classes1 read+ circles1 & o!r gr\ps requir+ tea*]s or at lea/ compet5t lead]s1 go+ on concurr5tly4 ,! libr>y prop]1 t is ! work+ collection ( books1 w h become1 or be t5d+ to become1 ! he>t1 ! functional c5tre1 ( a complex organism2 x w fall into its place z ! analogue ( ! libr>y 9 a big college4 ,?us !re w be a wide & importunate dem& = lectur]s1 & dem& w create supply only if e possible s\rce is utiliz$4 ,!re w n be a glut ( tra9$ lectur]s1 or ev5 a suffici5t supply4 ,r1 :5 all ! lectur]s empanell$ by (ficial & comm]cial ag5cies are 9 full employ1 !re w be ke5 competition = _! sp>e mom5ts4 ,:5 public libr>ies 7 fir/ moot$1 x 0 prophesi$ t ! booksell] w\ld be depriv$ ( a l>ge "p ( 8 m>ket1 & e new public libr>y is suppos$ to be a bl[ to ! trade4 ,! results are 9 direct contradiction4 ,a bett] supply has creat$ a ke5] dem&4 ,access to books has /imulat$ a desire to possess books4 ,! day ( popul> libr>ies 0 spe$ily foll[$ by ! day ( ! *eap edition4 ,!re are _m m book%ops ?an ev] !re 7 be=e2 & s9ce !re are m booksell]s x may be safely conclud$ t1 9 spite ( compla9ts ( bad trade1 ! sale ( books has l>gely increas$4 ,ev5 ! comm]cial circulat+ libr>y cont9ues to fl\ri%4 ,simil>ly1 x may be anticipat$1 ! public organization ( lectures & tea*+ = adults1 ev5 ?\gh e s\rce ( supply is tapp$1 includ+ ! amateur & ! volunte]1 w lead to a great] dem& = ! tra9$ pr(essional1 :o w f9d 8 occupation n gone b all ! m ?riv+ & pr(itable4 ,! mod]n museum & ! art gall]y 9 a l>ge t[n h daily lectures1 or p]haps half-a-doz5 lectures a day1 provid$ to tea* ! public h[ to und]/& & appreciate ! value ( _! cont5ts4 ,?is is "o ( ! ma9 objects ( lectures 9 public libr>ies1 ! cont5ts ( :i* are f> m v>i\s & ext5sive4 ,b !re are o!r reasons = select+ ! libr>y build+ z ! mo/ suitable place = all k9ds ( lectures = :i* appropriate illu/rations 9 ! =m ( works ( art1 museum exhibits1 & o!r mat]ial objects are n available4 ,any lecture t aims at p]man5t results %\ld provide e memb] ( ! audi5ce :o wants to pursue ! subject ) a read+ li/2 bett] /ill1 ! actual books1 arrang$ by ! libr>ian & ! lectur] 9 a graduat$ c\rse ( read+1 %\ld be on exhibition1 & e facility %\ld be giv5 to ! int]e/$ p]son to take home books & comm5ce 8 /udies !re & !n4 ,su* are ! consid]ations kept always 9 view by ! mod]n libr>ian :o runs 8 c\rses ( lectures1 n z a side-%[1 or z a me?od ( adv]tiz+ ! libr>y & br++ 9 new read]s1 b z an integral "p ( ! libr>y ma*9e4 ,9 ! ,croydon ,public ,libr>ies1 to take "o ( sev]al good examples1 ab\t a hundr$ lectures are giv5 annually1 "s to ord9>y mix$ audi5ces1 "s to bodies ( s*ool *ildr5 or to ! "y p 9 ! junior libr>y4 ,! halls are ne>ly always cr[d$ ) eag] li/5]s4 ,mo/ ( ! lectures are accompani$ by lant]n illu/rations1 & ! me?ods ( br++ !m directly to be> on ! /ores ( books 9 ! libr>y are z ?or\gh z 9 any place ,i "k4 ,! lectur]s1 :o give _! s]vices free1 are furni%$ ) li/s ( ! books ! libr>y conta9s on _! p>ticul> subjects1 & are reque/$ to po9t out any s]i\s gaps4 ,! titles ( ! books are %[n on ! scre51 & ! lectur] makes 8 p]sonal comm5ts on ea*4 ,aft] ! lecture1 ! actual books are exhibit$1 & any "o 9 ! audi5ce1 :o v]ifies 8 or h] id5tity f ! local directory or o!rwise1 is all[$ to borr[ f ^! on ! spot4 ,ano!r useful me?od is to di/ribute descriptive li/s ( ! relevant books1 arrang$ if possible on a cont9u\s plan ( read+1 su* li/s be+ drawn up 9 collaboration ) ! lectur]4 ,x 0 at ,croydon1 ,i believe1 t ! libr>y read+ 0 introduc$ z a =m ( lecture4 ,! libr>ian or "s o!r p]son well acqua9t$ ) a subject & also ) ! lit]ature ( ! subject to be f\nd 9 ! libr>y1 reads pieces ( description1 notable prose1 or f9e v]se1 on su* a topic z 8,! ,engli%man 9 ! ,alps20 or 8,byron1 ! poet & ! man40 ,x is a sort ( spok5 an?ology1 9 %ort1 /imulat+ int]e/ 9 ! works illu/rat$4 ,,univ]sity ,,ext5sion ,,c\rses1 ,,tutorial ,,classes1 ,,read+ ,,circles4 ,_m ye>s' exp]i5ce ( libr>y lectures f ! int]nal po9t ( view1 t is f ! po9t ( view ( ! libr>ian & organiz]1 & also f t ( an occasional lectur] 9 mo/ ( ! public libr>ies 9 & ne> ,london1 z well z c>eful /udy ( ! effects ^u all k9ds ( he>]s1 has1 h[ev]1 conv9c$ me t ! op9ion ( mo/ educators & o!r critics is "r3 ! only lectures :i* are likely to h s\nd & la/+ results are ^? t h be5 c>efully arrang$ to =m "p ( a c\rse4 ,sporadic lectures are all v well 9 _! way1 b v mu* inf]ior 9 promot+ s]i\s /udy & develop+ real k4 ,read+ an occasional magaz9e article is n to be comp>$ ) read+ a book4 ,at ! same "t1 ev5 if cont9u\s c\rses c be provid$1 x w\ld be a mi/ake to drop ! o!r sort altoge!r4 ,! results1 if usually ephem]al1 are n to be despis$2 su* lectures are z a rule m popul> ?an ! ?or\gh-go+ ,univ]sity ,ext5sion c\rse1 & may be a /epp+-/one to t4 ,& ! organiz] ( su* miscellane\s s]ies may1 if he gives ?\ght to ! matt]1 arrange ! lectures by diff]5t speciali/s into gr\ps on alli$ topics or aspects ( ! same subject4 ,he may d /ill bett]4 ,! p]son1 :e!r pr(essional or volunte]1 :o is qualifi$ to deliv] a fir/-class lecture w\ld usually pref] to deliv] sev]al1 deal+ ) ! same subject m ?or\ghly & me?odically--x is usually easi]1 & always f> m satisfactory4 ,9 n9e cases out ( t51 ! results w\ld be enorm\sly m valuable4 ,to dispat* a s]i\s !me 9 an h\r's disc\rse is an ef=t t usually means a rapid & p]haps brilliant b sup]ficial h&l+1 & does n always mean t surplusage is avoid$4 ,x is too mu* l putt+ ! day's rations into a s+le meal4 ,"o invaluable concomitant ( ! be/ & mo/ remun]ative =m ( lectures is usually abs5t at ^? ( ! ord9>y type1 & t is free discussion4 ,?is is n always invit$1 &1 :5 x is1 discussion (t5 resolves itself into complim5t>y spee*ify+ or else passages ( arms 9 :i* ! same orators week aft] week display _! gifts4 ,to h any real success1 lectures mu/ ar\se debate4 ,if !re are no que/ions1 no give & take betwe5 ! m9d ( ! lectur] & ( 8 he>]s1 ! ent]ta9m5t is likely to rema9 b>r54 ,a ,univ]sity ,ext5sion lectur] w always invite que/ions & ! discussion ( po9ts t ne$ elucidat+2 b he w n always break d[n ! %yness ( ^? :o w\ld fa9 h m light1 ev5 ?\gh a c\rse go+ on f week to week t5ds to make 8 li/5]s bett] prep>$1 & enables !m to save up _! difficulties = an opportune mom5t4 ,"h x is t ! tutorial class1 :i* is run on ! l9es ( a sem9>1 %[s its sup]iority4 ,! tutorial class is a small & intimate circle1 s small & fri5dly t ! mo/ diffid5t are h>dly likely to feel t ask+ a "q is l mak+ a spee*2 its head is a lead] & mod]ator r ?an a lectur]1 & its me?ods are devis$ to call out individual ?\ght & initiative1 & ensure t ! subject %all be view$ f e side & all difficulties ( compreh5sion cle>$ away4 ,! memb]s ( ! class d z mu* "w z ! tea*]3 ! bett] he is ! m he gets !m to d4 ,read+ circles are usually conduct$ on a v simil> plan1 ! prep>atory "w ( c\rse be+ done by ! memb]s at home4 ,:5 in/ead ( =mal lectures pap]s are read or discussions op5$ by memb]s ( a lit]>y society1 fairly satisfactory results are usually obta9$2 b :atev] s*eme be adopt$1 x is f> bett] to split up into small gr\ps ?an to be ambiti\s ( l>ge att5dances4 ,_m public libr>ies h wisely supplem5t$ _! own lecture s*emes by co-op]at+ ) ,univ]sity ,ext5sion4 ,ev5 :]e ! libr>y has n be5 able to (f] a lecture room on ! premises1 su* co-op]ation may be v valuable1 & a reciprocal advantage to all conc]n$4 ,! libr>y c provide books = ! /ud5ts1 issu+ read+ li/s :i* h be5 drawn up 9 consultation ) ! lectur]s2 useful exhibitions1 also1 c be organiz$1 f ! libr>y's own /ores or f o!r s\rces4 ,! tutorial classes organiz$ by ! ,work]s' ,educational ,association h be5 aid$ effectively by su* co-op]ation1 :i* always reacts b5eficially1 9 m ways ?an meet ! eye1 on ! libr>ies !mselves4 ,:5 !re is intimate association betwe5 libr>ies & te*nical colleges1 polyte*nics1 & ! l1 half at lea/ ( ! real "w w be done 9 ! libr>y or ?r\gh ! books suppli$ by ! libr>y4 ,nor is x only ! urban libr>ies t are able to ass]t _! true place 9 adult education ?us2 sev]al ( ! new rural repositories are work+ h& 9 h& ) ! ,work]s' ,educational ,association & its tutorial classes1 :i* h n fail$ on _! "p to utilize ma*9]y s apt to its purposes4 ,besides ! ord9>y /ock ( miscellane\s books = ! g5]al read]1 ! wise rural libr>ian lays 9 a good selection ( ! works requir$ by read+ circles & tutorial classes1 if necess>y duplicat+ until !re are en\gh copies = all dem&s4 ,b = ?is special call ^u 8 res\rces1 he w\ld rely ^u ! ,c5tral ,libr>y = ,/ud5ts to meet ! requirem5ts 9 works ( ?is class4 ,b public libr>ies z yet d n appe> to h in/itut$ tutorial classes !mselves1 or inde$ to h tak5 on _! own %\ld]s ! f9ancial responsibility ( ,univ]sity ,ext5sion c\rses4 ,?\gh !y h _! own lecture halls & small] rooms suitable = ! v>i\s purposes "h enum]at$1 ev5 ! be/ & mo/ active libr>y au?orities h n done mu* m ?an hold su* s]ies ( miscellane\s & disconnect$ lectures z are1 admitt$ly1 n ! be/4#af ,t s mu* %\ld h be5 accompli%$1 ev5 :il/ ! public libr>ies 7 toil+ "u ! yoke ( ! p5ny rate limit1 is to _! endur+ cr$it2 b x is little to :at ought to be done1 "u less hamp]+ conditions1 & to :at ! progressive among !m w assur$ly d ere long4 ,b ! ,act ( #aiai m]ely re/or$ ! "r ( e community to sp5d z mu* z x lik$ on c]ta9 libr>y purposes2 x did n re/ore its natural "r to sp5d money on :at objects x lik$1 z = example1 libr>y lectures or libr>y classes2 /ill less did x infuse an eag]ness to d s :]e no su* desire _h previ\sly exi/$4 ,! removal ( an unreasonable & effete re/riction c h>dly be delay$ mu* long]2 b ev5 :5 !re is no legal ban ^u exp5diture ! co/ ( a paid univ]sity tea*] w (t5 be prohibitive4 ,:y !n %\ld n ! alt]native be tak5 ( appo9t+ a volunte]8 ,?is is cont9ually be+ done by read+ circles all ov] ! c\ntry1 organiz$ 9 connection ) or 9 imitation ( ! ,national ,home-,read+ ,union1 & ! results are highly enc\rag+4 ,! fact is1 our res\rces 9 private ability & will+ness to s]ve 9 su* functions z ^! h nev] yet be5 fully explor$3 !y w h to be explor$4 ,m5 ( high academic atta9m5ts are exp5sive items 9 a tutorial s*eme provid+ = ! intellectual avocations ( p]haps n m ?an a doz5 zeal\s /ud5ts2 &1 z 0 h9t$ be=e1 !re w n be en\gh ( !m to g r\nd--!re w\ld n be en\gh n[ if a s]i\s attempt 7 made to asc]ta9 actual wants & provide = !m adequately4 ,va/ numb]s ( cont9u\s c\rses1 ( multif>i\s k9ds1 are requir$ ev]y:]e 9 ^! days ( intellectual ke5ness4 ,let u try !n to run "s ( !m at lea/ on ! l9es ( mutual help t h s]v$ s well 9 ! pa/4 ,!re has nev] be5 9 ?is c\ntry any de>? ( "o k9d ( p]sonal ability1 t ( cle> & racy exposition1 9 ! sph]e1 = in/ance1 ( local politics & lay prea*+4 ,x does n exi/1 ?\gh appe>ances may be deceptive1 9 ! sph]e ( intellectual activity4 ,x %\ld n be m difficult to f9d lead]s = read+ circles & /udy gr\ps1 or lectur]s compet5t to deliv] a %ort c\rse1 ?an x is to f9d *airm5 = p>i% c\ncils1 political meet+s1 or local committees4 ,nor1 if we proce$ ) common s5se & lay no /ress on artificial difficulties1 w !re be any de>? ( discussion4 ,! "p ( ! lead] w r be to direct ! spontane\s fl[1 & prev5t ! /udy circle f deg5]at+ into a m]e talk+-%op4 ,b ev5 loquacity c be controll$ & kept to ! po9t if !re is a def9ite subject1 & a c\rse ( read+ cle>ly m>k$ out4 ,a well-in=m$1 tactful1 & judici\s lead] w "w wond]s if he obs]ves ! gold5 rule n to ov]work himself4 ,! libr>ian himself & *os5 memb]s ( any l>ge /aff %\ld be able to run at lea/ a read+ circle1 if n to deliv] public lectures4 ,! success ( all su* und]tak+s w dep5d ( c\rse on 8 p]sonal compet5ce & insight2 if he c take 8 own %>e 9 ! "w ) cr$it1 he w be 9 ! m intimate t\* ) ! m5tal attitude & pot5tialities ( 8 public4 ,,dramatic ,,& ,,o!r ,,circles4 ,lectures & classes by no means exhau/ ! modes 9 :i* ! public libr>y may c>ry on useful ext5sion "w2 9 tru?1 ! ways are almo/ unlimit$1 except t "s =ms ( /udy1 tea*+1 or ent]ta9m5t may cause inconv5i5ce1 unless ! build+ is v l>ge & special accommodation arrang$4 ,?us a small libr>y is n a suitable place = musical p]=mances1 al?\gh _m public libr>ies cat] on a lavi% scale = /ud5ts ( music4 ,x is n an uncommon ?+1 h[ev]1 = dramatic read+s & ev5 full-l5g? plays to be introduc$ into ! s*eme ( lectures1 or = ! libr>y to be ! headqu>t]s ( a dramatic society4 ,!re is no bett] me?od ( imp>t+ a real und]/&+ & appreciation ( our be/ lit]ature ?an to induce p to /udy a classical play dramatically4 ,to beg9 )1 simple read+s %\ld be attempt$1 ea* memb] ( ! class or /udy gr\p tak+ a di/9ct "p4 ,z soon z ! read]s h a grip ( ! action & plot1 !y %\ld proce$ to act1 /ill keep+ ! book be=e !m4 ,a few prop]ties may be introduc$1 su* z a table & a *air or two & a flagon1 9 ! revell+ sc5e 9 ,twelf? ,night1 or a scre51 9 ,! ,s*ool = ,sc&al--!re is no ne$ = sc5]y or co/umes4 ,at "s libr>ies1 prop]ties--& ev5 ge/ures--are entirely suppress$1 & ! read+ is a read+ pure & simple4 ,m5tion ( ^! two plays br+s to m9d sev]al incid5ts :5 ?is rudim5t>y k9d ( act+ br\ght out z f9e & p5etrat+ an int]pretation ( ! dramati/ z any p]=mance by pr(essional actors1 ) ! usual lavi% app>atus1 t ,i h ev] witness$ 9 a ,we/ ,end !atre4 ,sir ,toby ,bel* & ,sir ,&rew ,ague*eek1 ,m>ia & ! ,cl[n1 7 p ,i knew v well1 attir$ 9 _! ord9>y dress4 ,! /age 0 a b>e plat=m1 & !re 0 no?+ on x b a table & a few *airs4 ,! p]=m]s _h ! book 9 _! h&s2 b1 evid5tly1 !y 7 ^w-p]fect 9 _! p>ts4 ,! sc5e w5t ) a v]ve & a naturalness t c\ld h>dly be bett]$2 &--be/ ( all--x 0 ,%akespe>e1 int]pret$ by intellig5t & well-educat$ p]sons1 :o 7 ! la/ p 9 ! _w to cut or rewrite or recreate a "p z !y ?\ght ,%akespe>e ought to h writt5 x4 ,ano!r ,sir ,&rew ,ague*eek is /ill m memorable4 ,?is g5tleman w\ld probably h be5 a failure or a v indiff]5t success 9 any o!r "*3 he 0 ,sir ,&rew ,ague*eek 9 ! fle%--! wond] 0 h[ we _h nev] notic$ x all ! ye>s we _h kn[n him4 ,a /ill m delightful pro( ( ! lat5t g5ius t may be reveal$ by su* mode/ p]=mances 0 a c]ta9 ,lady ,teazle4 ,%e 0 a pla9 & n a v y\?ful p]son2 ! /age 0 z unfurni%$ & void ( decoration z h] get-up 0 pla9 & ord9>y4 ,yet1 by d9t ( dramatic in/9ct t any mu*-bep>agraph$ actress might envy1 %e easily convey$ ! s5se ( y\? & *>m & beauty--%e 0 ! f9e/ ,lady ,teazle ,i h se51 on or (f ! regul> /age4 ,! ,london ,c\nty ,c\ncil & o!r educational bodies h ?or\ghly recogniz$ ! untold possibilities ( ! dramatic /udy ( drama4 ,x is und\bt$ly ! "r me?od4 ,*>les ,lamb1 9 a fam\s essay1 prop\nd$ ! doctr9e t 9 ! !atre we see ! actors b we may entirely fail to see ! play4 ,! plays ( ,%akespe>e1 he p>adoxically argu$1 8are less calculat$ = p]=mance on a /age ?an ^? ( almo/ any o!r dramati/ :atev]40 ,! actor gets betwe5 u & ! dramati/2 & if t 0 s 9 ! days ( ,kemble & ,mrs4 ,siddons1 h[ mu* m is x s 9 ^! days ( sophi/icat$ /age-display & mann]$ act+4 ,b put ! /ud5t ( ,%akespe>e on ! /age1 h[ev] rudim5t>y ! /age may be1 & let him f9d 8 way into ! m9d ( ! great playwright by himself1 s f> z he may3 t is h[ to /udy ,%akespe>e1 & t is ! mode ( approa* s\ght 9 su* dramatic read+s or m elaborate int]pretations z are recomm5d$ "h4 ,ev5 ! mode/ gr\p ( read]s w probably g on f /r5g? to /r5g?4 ,"o gr\p :i* ,i fir/ set on ?is track 7 cont5t at fir/ ) a s]ies ( read+s1 :i* 7 giv5 9 public1 aft] _m rehe>sals1 at ! v>i\s di/rict libr>ies ( a ,london bor\gh4 ,!n !y emb>k$ on ! complete pres5tation ( ,! ,m]*ant ( ,v5ice1 ,z ,y ,l ,x1 & ,twelf? ,night1 ) sc5]y & co/umes2 & ev5 v5tur$ on a trag$y1 all )\t discr$it4 ,ultimately1 a tr\pe ( exp]i5c$ play]s1 !y gave a s]ies ( ,%akespe>ian plays at ! ,t[n ,hall & o!r places1 n only cle>+ all exp5ses1 b realiz+ a h&some sum = an important *>ity4 ,"o ( _! numb] lat] on wrote a com$y1 :i* !y produc$ ) "s success4 ,"h1 surely1 is a piece ( libr>y ext5sion "w hav+ high cultural value2 x is indicative ( :at may easily be done by apt sugge/ion & cultivation ( ! gr\p _s2 & !re are innum]able directions 9 :i* simil> results may be a*iev$4 ,,relations ,,) ,,"w ,,outside4 ,! pr9ciple to be kept 9 view is t ! civic libr>y is a mo/ natural home = all ! intellectual activities ( a social k9d go+ on 9 ea* community4 ,ev5 if x is n conv5i5t = all su* bodies to h _! headqu>t]s !re1 ! libr>y %\ld ent]ta9 ! mo/ fri5dly & active relations ) e "o4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 ! public libr>y 9 mo/ cities p]=ms a l>ge "p ( its mo/ remun]ative "w ?r\gh ! m$ium ( public & private organizations outside4 ,x may be lik5$ to a n]ve-c5tre1 ) a network ( eff]5t & aff]5t fibres & a s]ies ( ganglia ?r\gh\t ! social organism4 ,?us ! ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y has a long & miscellane\s li/ ( clubs1 leagues1 musical societies1 classes ( all sorts1 bus9ess & o!r associations t hold _! meet+s 9 its v>i\s bran*es4 ,_m ,am]ican libr>ies are ready to plant a deliv]y /ation1 dispat* a travell+ libr>y1 or a collection ( special works1 any:]e t x is ask$ =1 or ev5 to provide an indu/rial firm ) books1 s long z accommodation & an act+ libr>ian are suppli$4 ,!y w prep>e select li/s ( books on any giv5 subject1 get up an exhibition to celebrate any ev5t or help on any des]v+ movem5t3 !re is no end to ! ways 9 :i* !y are prep>$ to put _! s]vices at ! disposal ( ! common weal4 ,briti% libr>ies h lab\r$ too mu* 9 isolation4 ,! future dep5ds ^u1 m ?an any?+ else1 its com+ into ! close/ t\* ) e intellectual & social ag5cy 9 ! body politic4 ,x %\ld be a matt] ( c\rse = ! local sci5tific & lit]>y societies1 ! field club1 ! local bran* ( ! ,work]s' ,educational ,association & ! ,national ,home-,read+ ,union--to "n only two out ( _m--to make _! home 9 ! libr>y build+4 ,! antiqu>ian society %\ld deposit its collections & books & maps "h1 ! natural hi/ory society its specim5s & app>atus1 ?us lay+ ! f\ndations ( a local museum to be h\s$ 9 ! situation mo/ fav\rable = /udy1 bo? by !mselves & by o!r inhabitants4 ,local hi/orical & regional surveys are rapidly develop+1 :e!r z pieces ( rese>* aim+ at ! ext5sion ( k or z a practical =m ( education3 ! libr>y1 ) its local records1 maps1 & o!r hi/orical mat]ial1 %\ld always be ! base4 ,! ,croydon ,public ,libr>y is ! c5tre f :i* ! ,photographic ,survey & ,record ( ,surrey op]ates4 ,surrey took ! lead 9 ?is important bran* ( topographical hi/ory1 & ! photographic records ( build+s1 sc5]y1 & miscellane\s objects ( int]e/ n[ collect$ 9 ! libr>y comprise "s #h1jjj pr9ts & lant]n-slides1 all elaborately classifi$ & index$ = in/ant ref]5ce4 ,h\s$ along ) ^! is ! ,regional ,survey ( ,croydon1 consi/+ ( maps prep>$ f actual surveys ( ! di/rict )9 fifte5 miles' radius1 %[+ ! geology1 vegetation1 surface utilization1 indu/ries1 etc4 ,?is also is accompani$ by photographs4 ,fur!r1 an arti/ has be5 commission$ to pa9t fai?ful records ( ar*itectural or natural features t are likely to p]i% or be disfigur$ by mod]n *anges--a ?+ t w be ( priceless value to future g5]ations4 ,?is logical ext5sion ( ! "w ( pres]v+ local records1 m9ute-books1 newspap]s1 & v>i\s fugitive mat]ial is be+ c>ri$ on else:]e1 notably at ,cov5try1 ,brighton1 ,nor?ampton1 & ,nott+ham4 ,x des]ves ! att5tion ( ! _m local societies t h n yet ?r[n 9 _! lot ) ! local libr>y4 ,,libr>y ,,exhibitions4 ,libr>ies may !mselves get up exhibitions or grant hospitality to ^? organiz$ by k9dr$ bodies4 ,! m ! libr>y takes a h& 9 ! prep>ation1 ! m c ! s]ies ( exhibits be relat$ to ! appropriate books1 & ! m effective w su* ef=ts be z aids to popul> enlight5m5t4 ,!re is a wide *oice ( suitable subjects--book-production & its v>i\s bran*es1 engrav+ & o!r arts1 local hi/ory & geography1 ! sci5ces4 ,! libr>y w be able to supply _m ( ! exhibits f its own /ores2 usually x is n difficult to borr[ useful mat]ial f comm]cial or private s\rces2 & loan exhibits f ! ,/ate museums are available z nucleus1 supplem5t1 or ev5 z =m+ ! :ole display4 ,su* exhibitions are plac$ "u ! c>e ( ke5 & intellig5t memb]s ( ! /aff1 & lectures or demon/rations are giv5 illu/rat$ by ! actual objects2 ! results are enorm\sly ahead ( ^? a*iev$ by ! ord9>y /atic exhibition4 ,l9es ( read+ are po9t$ out1 & books br\ght into juxtaposition ) _! subject realities1 9 a way t ev5 ! tra9$ conductor 9 a museum or picture gall]y c h>dly compass4 ,actual exp]i5ce 9 organiz+ & runn+ a numb] ( su* exhibitions has left me ) no d\bt ( _! popul>ity or _! educational value4 ,:5 an exhibition illu/rat+ su* a subject z ! production ( a book goes on = ?ree mon?s 9 ! libr>ies ( a ,london bor\gh1 & ! av]age att5dance dur+ t p]iod exce$s a ?\s& a day1 we may feel t we are beyond ! exp]im5tal /age4 ,ev5 our rural libr>ies1 :5 !y are locat$ 9 ! village hall or h a suitable build+ ( _! own1 ne$ n hesitate to attempt an exhibition4 ,9 _m ways1 !y h exceptional opportunities4 ,to beg9 )1 !re is no?+ to compete ) !m2 ! novelty w\ld be absolute4 ,& !n !re is suitable mat]ial ( "s sort or o!r 9 abundance1 botanical1 geological1 horticultural or agricultural1 or su* z illu/rates local hi/ory1 local indu/ries1 or any subject hav+ /rong associational int]e/4 ,diff]5ces ( scope be+ all[$ =1 ! rural libr>ian w\ld probably f9d he _h mu* less to d ) 8 own h&s ?an if he 7 gett+ up a %[ 9 ! t[n4 ,su* places z rejoice 9 ! possession ( museums & art gall]ies z well z libr>ies are specially fav\r$2 b x does n inevitably foll[ t ^! dep>tm5ts ( public culture d comb9e =ces s effectually z d ! places :]e ! "w is on a m frugal scale b comes at any rate f "o & ! same f\nt ( activity4 ,,relations ,,) ,,! ,,s*ools4 ,! *apt] be=e ?is conclud$ ) "s acc\nt ( libr>y "w ) *ildr54 ,! correlative ( ! *ildr5's libr>y & read+ room is ! s*ool libr>y or ! p]iodical loan ( books to ! s*ools--sometimes x is ! alt]native4 ,"u ! ,act ( #aiai ! libr>y au?ority 9 places newly adopt+ ! ,acts w be ! local education committee1 & else:]e ! control ( exi/+ libr>ies may be h&$ ov] volunt>ily to t body4 ,long be=e ?is ,act1 c]ta9 education committees _h act$ jo9tly ) libr>y committees 9 e/abli%+ s*ool libr>ies & o!r modes ( br++ s*ool *ildr5 into contact ) good books4 ,! aims & int]e/s ( libr>y & s*ool 9 l>ge measure co9cide4 ,rec5t legislation virtually admits ?is s\nd pr9ciple4 ,into ! "q :e!r x is wise to ve/ ! control ( libr>ies 9 ! education au?ority1 a "q canvass$ bo? = & aga9/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates z well z 9 ?is c\ntry1 !re is no ne$ to ent] at ! mom5t4 ,ev]ybody agrees t *ildr5 mu/ be taught1 or at lea/ enc\rag$1 at a fairly e>ly age1 to read books = !mselves & to h "s idea ( ! uses ( a libr>y4 ,mo/ tea*]s & libr>ians w\ld also agree t e s*ool %\ld h a libr>y ( its own1 & t at "s /age or o!r ea* *ild %\ld be introduc$ to ! public libr>y4 ,p]haps ?is is z f> z we ne$ g 9 ! direction ( agreem5t3 uni=mity is surely n advisable1 & local circum/ances1 relative situation 9 p>ticul>1 may h to det]m9e ! nature ( ! int]action ( libr>y & s*ool1 & ! m important po9t1 h[ soon %\ld ! s*ool *ild %ift ! c5tre ( 8 read+ int]e/s f ! s*ool libr>y to ! public "o1 ! "o t is !re to be 8 intellectual ma9/ay ?r\gh\t life8 ,f ! po9t ( view ( a public libr>ian1 x might be undesirable t a s*ool libr>y %\ld be s effici5t & amply suffic+ t eld] *ildr5 7 det]r$ f f9d+ _! way into ! wid] realm ( ! public libr>y4 ,! s*ool libr>y %\ld be b a tribut>y fl[+ into t ma9 /ream4 ,!re are ?ree modes ( deal+ ) ! problem ( books = ! s*ool *ild1 & ^! may be v>i\sly comb9$4 7#a7 ,!re may be a p]man5t collection1 /ation$ 9 ! s*ool1 consi/+ ( grad$ sets ( ref]5ce works requir$ to illu/rate any ( ! subjects taught or /udi$ 9 ! s*ool2 & fur!r1 a collection1 l>ge or small1 ( su* books1 ma9ly ( a recreational k9d1 z x may be ?\ght fit to provide = home read+4 ,su* a collection may be built up by ! s*ool itself or by ! /aff ( ! public libr>y1 :o w\ld act1 z a rule1 9 close consultation ) ! tea*]s4 ,"o great advantage ( hav+ all ! books p]man5tly locat$ at ! s*ool is t ! *ildr5 look ^u x !n z really ! s*ool libr>y1 & ! tea*]s are able to famili>ize !mselves ) ! cont5ts1 & ?us c influ5ce ! *ildr5's read+ to ! maximum4 ,if !re are funds en\gh1 a fairly l>ge & repres5tative collection c be provid$--"o t ! mo/ voraci\s boy or girl is n likely to exhau/ till he or %e is old en\gh to jo9 ! public libr>y4 ,! be/ books become h\sehold possessions2 *ildr5 talk ab\t !m to _! *ums1 & n to h read !m is a lapse t mu/ be wip$ out4 ,if1 on ! o!r h& ,we/w>d ,ho6 or ,little ,wom5 is m]ely a loan & has gone back to ! c5tral libr>y1 h[ c ! "y read] get ev5 ) ! lucki] ones8 7#b7 ,to save ! exp5se ( a numb] ( p]man5t s*ool libr>ies1 an education au?ority may arrange ) ! public libr>y to organize a s]ies ( travell+ collections or m]ely boxes ( books to circulate among ! s*ools4 ,?is sy/em may be comb9$ ) ! o!r1 ! ref]5ce collection be+ reg>d$1 mo/ reasonably1 z always indisp5sable & !re=e p]man5t1 & loans ( books = recreation suppli$ at fix$ int]vals4 ,!re is "o unque/ionable boon atta*+ to ?is arrangem5t--! *ildr5 enjoy ! /imulus1 z ! date comes r\nd1 ( *oos+ & rejoic+ among a fre% lot ( books4 ,_m tea*]s too1 no d\bt1 are n av]se f a *ange4 7#c7 ,! ?ird me?od implies suppression ( ! s*ool libr>y1 at any rate s f> z x is any?+ beyond ! indisp5sable collection ( volumes requir$ = use 9 ! s*ool2 x is to s5d ! "y read] to ! public libr>y4 ,if ?is is n f> away1 & especially if x has a fir/-class junior dep>tm5t1 :]e suitable ref]5ce books c be us$ z well z books = ent]ta9m5t borr[$ = read+ at home1 !re is no?+ to deplore2 b to *ildr5 9 di/ant s*ools ! loss w be s]i\s4 ,! value ( ?is ?ird solution ( ! problem1 :5 x is a real solution & n an evasion1 is t ! *ild is introduc$ e>ly to a l>ge collection ( books1 & also comes into a diff]5t atmosph]e f t ( s*ool4 ,its dang] is t ! *ild may come un*ap]on$ to a libr>y :]e !re is b a p]functory s]vice = ! juniors1 & w be turn$ adrift 9 a pa?less wild]ness4 ,?is ?ird me?od may be se5 at "w 9 ! s*ools ( ,popl>4 ,"o ( ! poore/ among ! metropolitan bor\ghs1 ,popl> has be5 a lead] 9 _m libr>y movem5ts1 su* z ! s*eme ( int]*ange betwe5 adjo9+ bor\ghs :]eby all ! books 9 a l>ge gr\p ( libr>ies are made available = borr[+ by dwell]s 9 any "p ( ! area4 ,! libr>ies h long co-op]at$ ) ! s*ools z actively z ! tea*]s w\ld p]mit4 ,no?+ is m ess5tial to ! m5tal life & ! economic effici5cy ( ! future citiz5 ?an t ! gap betwe5 s*ool+ & maturity %\ld be bridg$ ov]4 ,popl> has realiz$ ! fatal nature ( t gap1 & has long be5 do+ its utmo/ to fill up ! *asm4 ,s*ool *ildr5 come to ! public libr>y to d _! prep>ation & sp5d _! leisure 9 ! enjoym5t ( books4 ,classes are br\ght by tea*]s dur+ quiet h\rs1 & sit 9 ! public rooms do+ 8sil5t read+40 ,= a long :ile measures h be5 tak5 s t no s+le boy or girl 9 ! s*ools %all g out into ! _w )\t be+ introduc$ to ! public libr>y1 & made acqua9t$ ) all t books & libr>ies c d to help !m 9 life & ! pleasures ( life4 ,twice a week1 ! upp] classes f s*ools 9 ! bor\gh1 com+ 9 regul> rotation1 att5d at ! ne>e/ libr>y to he> an address by ! bor\gh libr>ian1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,r[latt1 or "o ( 8 *ief assi/ants1 on ! libr>ies ( _! own bor\gh & libr>ies 9 g5]al1 :at !y are & :at !y conta91 & h[ fre$om & ability to utilize ! manifold s]vices !y af=d is an invaluable "p ( ! individual's equipm5t = life4#ag ,! libr>ian & 8 coadjutors h always ?r[n !mselves he>t & s\l into ! "w ( co-op]ation ) ! s*ools2 ! *ildr5 li/5 eag]ly1 & ! results are se5 9 ! /ati/ics ( read+4 ,! vital importance ( ?is "w has n[ be5 recogniz$ by ! ,london ,education ,committee4 ,simil> s*emes are be+ introduc$ 9 ! bor\ghs ( ,isl+ton1 ,gre5wi*1 & ,hackney1 & x may be hop$ t !y w become g5]al4 ,?is is by no means all t ! ,popl> libr>ies are do+ = ! s*ool *ildr54 ,attempts are made to help ! old] *ildr5 9 mak+ up _! m9ds on ! occupation !y w\ld *oose4 ,sets ( books illu/rat+ v>i\s trades are put be=e su* *ildr51 f :i* !y c ga!r an intellig5t idea ( :at is ! real nature & int]e/ ( "s craft or trade :i* 0 previ\sly a m]e "n4 ,?is has prov$ a real help 9 ! critical mom5t ( _m a *ild's life4 ,all =malities1 su* z monet>y gu>antees aga9/ loss or damage1 h be5 r$uc$ to a m9imum or aboli%$ = ! b5efit ( s*ool *ildr51 :o are admitt$ to full privileges on ! b>e recomm5dation ( ! tea*]s4 ,?\s&s avail !mselves ( ! opportunity ?us held out1 & _m ?\s&s ( books h be5 borr[$ z a result )\t ! loss ( five %ill+s' wor? ( books p] annum4 ,! help giv5 to ! *ildr5 9 g5]al has likewise prov$ to be indirectly ( ine/imable value to ! tea*]s4 ,!y admit t ! introduction ( ! libr>y habit among _! "y pupils has op5$ _! own eyes to po9ts !y _h nev] realiz$4 ,"o head ma/] volunte]$ ! /atem5t t x _h done away entirely ) surreptiti\s read+ ( tra% among ! girls4 ,popl> _c af=d a regul> sy/em ( s*ool libr>ies2 yet1 9 spite ( pov]ty1 x is signally do+ yeoman's s]vice 9 m\ld+ ! m9ds ( our future citiz5s3 x is a %9+ example to bor\ghs ( f> sup]ior res\rces4 ,on ! :ole1 my own pref]5ce is = ! /ation>y libr>y1 :5 ! s*ool c af=d a good "o2 b "o's pref]5ces may be modifi$1 or ev5 rev]s$1 9 alt]$ circum/ances4 ,:i*ev] plan be adopt$1 sup]vision1 or r sympa!tic guidance1 is ess5tial4 ,su* guidance w1 ( c\rse1 be entirely ( a positive1 n a negative k9d1 & w consi/ ( tactful sugge/ion1 sugge/ion z unobtrusive z possible1 by means ( /ory-tell+1 illu/rat$ talks1 & p]sonal help4 ,!re is n ! slighte/ ne$ = attempt+ to fit ! book to ! *ild4 ,let *ildr5 read books = gr[n-ups if !y h a m9d to1 let boys read girls' books2 ! girls w read ! boys' books :e!r y want !m or no4 ,x is tak5 = grant$ t ! :ole libr>y w be well-*os51 & ev]y?+ 9 x wor? read+4 ,al>mi/ nons5se1 emanat+ f ,engli% ju/ices or militant ,new ,engl& morali/s1 ab\t boys l$ into crime by /ories ( brig&s & pirates1 are n likely to upset p>5ts or libr>ians ) all _! faculties ab\t !m1 includ+ a normal s5se ( hum\r4 ,if y li/5$ to ^! p1 ,/ev5son & ,dumas w\ld h to be put into a /rait jacket1 & ,mi*ael ,scott1 ,aim>d1 & ,mayne ,reid burn$ by ! hangman4 ,x is ! la/ expir+ gasp ( ! prud]y & lu/ = *a/5+ ! "y :i* made ! old-fa%ion$ libr>y = *ildr5 a byword4 ,f> m important ?an any anxiety ab\t moral or immoral influ5ce is an anxiety ab\t good lit]ature4 ,edification is ?r[n away if ! well-mean+ au?or is unpossess$ ( *>m4 ,! fir/ requisite ( a spell is t x %all "w4 ,happily1 ! *>m ( f9e lit]ature c h>dly be atta9$ b by ! f9e p]sonality4 ,good lit]ature is heal?y lit]ature4 ,among ! books a *ild w read ) delight1 x is d\btful inde$ :e!r a s+le example c be f\nd ( a "w ( true lit]>y wor? t c\ld lead a *ild a/ray4 ,h>rison ,a9swor?'s ,jack ,%epp>d & ,lytton's ,paul ,clif=d p]i%$ f ! catalogues ( junior libr>ies1 n because !y 7 wick$ books1 b because !y 7 bad lit]ature4 ,! be/ books %\ld be duplicat$ ov] & ov] aga91 especially 9 libr>ies t let _! "y read]s roam along ! book-%elves & *oose :at !y l--z all libr>ies %\ld2 & duplicat$ z f> z possible 9 v>i\s editions1 especially illu/rat$ editions4 ,?is is a f> wis] policy ?an aim+ at a v compreh5sive selection1 :i* means t quantities ( second & ?ird-rate /uff w be introduc$4 ,aft] all1 if life is %ort *ildhood is mu* %ort]1 & if e *ild _h ! opportunity ( read+ all ! books t are fit1 !re w\ld n be mu* "t left be=e ! date arriv$ = migrat+ to wid] sph]es4 ,a bibliography ( ideal works = *ildr5 w\ld n1 h[ev]1 be a volum9\s affair4 ,! *ildr5's libr>ian %\ld =m some?+ ( ! sort = use1 & ! books />r$ 9 its pages z sup]lative %\ld nev] be out--!re %\ld always be copies en\gh to ensure ?is4 ,! "y read] w f9d x h>d to resi/ ! appeal1 if he sees "o attractive copy & next week ano!r />+ him 9 ! face3 x w assuage disappo9tm5t = ! abs5ce ( some?+ else1 or *>m+ pictures may tempt to a second read+ ( a classic already famili>4 ,by su* c>eful managem5t ! ta/e ( a heal?y *ild w rema9 unspoil$1 & 9 lat] life s\nd judgm5t & appreciation ( ! be/ w %[ ! results ( ?is novitiate4 ,9 ,am]ica1 ! "q ( circulat+ v]sus /ation>y libr>ies has be5 well ?ra%$ out1 ?\gh n to a unanim\s v]dict4 ,at ,buffalo1 ! respective sph]es ( ! libr>y & ! education au?ority h be5 c>efully def9$4 ,s*ool libr>ies are limit$ /rictly to ! works ( ref]5ce requir$ 9 s*ool "w1 ! public libr>y act+ z book-selector4 ,= all fur!r requirem5ts ! s*ool & ! s*ool *ildr5 rely on ! public libr>y4 ,9 ,new ,york ,city1 ! public libr>y deputes ?is bran* ( its "w to a special dep>tm5t1 "u a sup]visor ( "w ) s*ools4 ,! city is divid$ = ! purpose into di/ricts1 9 ea* ( :i* !re is a bran* libr>y & a gr\p ( s*ools4 ,a s*ool assi/ant1 usually a woman1 is appo9t$ by ! libr>y to look aft] ! "w 9 ea* di/rict1 to make h]self p]sonally acqua9t$ ) e tea*]1 to give advice1 & keep ! ma*9]y runn+ smoo?ly4 ,=mal regulations are kept d[n to a m9imum4 ,tea*]s are all[$ to borr[ books 9 l>ge quantities1 & to keep !m six mon?s at a "t if !y ne$ !m2 !y are expect$ & assi/$ to make !mselves reliable c\nsellors & guides to _! pupils 9 ! *oice & use ( books4 ,assi/ants 9 ! libr>ies are told (f to address gr\ps ( tea*]s & assemblies ( s*ool *ildr5 on ! objects & ! res\rces ( ! libr>ies2 *ildr5 are br\ght to ! libr>y 9 classes to h its work+ & its b5efits expla9$2 &1 f9ally1 !y are enc\rag$ to d _! home lessons 9 ! *ildr5's libr>y1 & are provid$ ) a ref]5ce collection adapt$ to ! purpose4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 ! relation%ip betwe5 ! s*ool & ! public libr>y rema9s undet]m9$4 ,_m ( our prim>y s*ools are de/itute ( a libr>y wor?y ( ! "n1 & if a c5sus 7 tak5 x w\ld probably be f\nd t ! second>y s*ools are ev5 worse (f4 ,_m s*ool libr>ies h atta9$ a mu/y & prec>i\s exi/5ce ?r\gh "s pass+ gu/ ( philan?ropy1 & ma9ta9 x 9 a m or less accid5tal fa%ion4 ,?is is n ! fault ( ! public libr>ies1 _m ( :i* h done m ?an _! %>e 9 provid+ s*ools ) books1 & mo/ ( :i* are ready ) ! exp]t s]vices ne$$ to put s*ool collections on a prop] foot+4 ,! failure is due m to lack ( a cle> realization ( ! function ( s*ool libr>ies ?an to m]e neglect or ov]sight4 ,! "w already describ$ z done 9 ! junior dep>tm5t at ,croydon1 :]e z at ,cov5try & div]s o!r places1 sep>ate collections ( books on education & tea*+ are provid$1 f :i* ! tea*] may borr[ & :i* ! public may use = ref]5ce1 may be tak5 z repres5t+ ! k9d ( endeav\r put =? by ! m active libr>y au?orities4 ,loan collections = s*ools are organiz$ by "s au?orities1 /ation>y s*ool libr>ies by o!rs4 ,b 9 a va/ numb] ( places1 ?\gh _m if n all ( ! facilities enum]at$ above are held out by ! libr>y1 ! sav+ prop5sities ( education committees or ! indiff]5ce ( tea*]s h left ?+s z !y 74 ,! ne$ = a compreh5sive treatm5t ( ! problem is /ill m app>5t n[ ?an :5 ! ,libr>y ,association 9 #aijd urg$ t ! nation's libr>ies 71 or ought to be1 an integral "p ( ! national ma*9]y ( education4 ,x is a vital "p ( ! educational problem & ( ! :ole problem ( public libr>ies2 &1 :e!r !re are to be two sets ( ma*9]y1 work+ side by side or 9 reciprocation1 or "o set controll+ bo? s*ools & libr>ies1 ! libr>y s]vice = ! s*ools & ! s*ool *ildr5 mu/ be put on a prop] basis1 or ! future ( adult education & ( public libr>ies also w be 9 jeop>dy4 ,"h1 surely1 ,rusk9's say+ has a p>ticul>ly =cible application--8,x is op51 ,i repeat1 to s]i\s "q1 :i* ,i leave to ! read]'s pond]+1 :e!r among national manufactures1 t ( s\ls ( good quality may n at la/ turn out a q lead+ly lucrative "o40 7,unto ?is ,la/74 ,,footnotes3 #ae ,! mod]n public libr>y believes t x %\ld f9d a read] = e book on its %elves1 & provide a book = e read] 9 its community1 & t x %\ld 9 all cases br+ book & read] toge!r4 7,bo/wick1 p4 #a47 #af ,! ,adult ,education ,committee attribute ! mo/ obvi\s defects ( adult education to-day1 to ! discont9uity ( mu* ( ! "w done1 ! t5d5cy to rely unduly on lectures & to neglect classwork1 & ! inadequate supply ( books to ! /ud5ts att5d+ lectures or classes4 8,x is1 9 our judgm5t1 ess5tial t :il/ regul>ity ( att5dance & s]i\sness & cont9uity ( /udy %\ld be insi/$ ^u1 !re mu/ be fre$om ( tea*+ & fre$om ( expression40 7,f9al ,report1 p>4 #adf47 ,! ,committee are /rongly 9 fav\r ( cont9u\s c\rses ( lectures1 & ( t gr\p+ 9 classes ( mod]ate size t makes = 8! frank int]*ange ( ?\ght & exp]i5ce :i* is ess5tial to adult education10 & )\t :i* 8! "w c>ri$ on w lose its vitality or *ange its "*40 #ag ,,metropolitan ,,bor\gh ,,( ,,popl>4 ,lectures to ,boys & ,girls att5d+ at ! ,libr>ies f ,elem5t>y ,s*ools4 ,,synopsis4 ,h[ k is h&$ d[n by books4 ,dur+ s*ool-life advice & help c be obta9$ f ! tea*]s3 aft] leav+ s*ool guidance 9 read+ & /udy c be obta9$ at ! ,libr>ies4 ,public ,libr>ies1 _! own]%ip & ! "r to use !m4 ,! cont5ts ( ! ,news & ,magaz9e ,rooms4 ,lack ( home accommodation1 & h[ ! ,ref]5ce ,rooms c be us$ = quiet read+ & /udy4 ,books 9 ,l5d+ ,dep>tm5t on all subjects1 elem5t>y1 int]m$iate1 & advanc$4 ,assi/ance giv5 by /aff4 ,h[ to use ! ,libr>ies 9 conjunction ) ,cont9uation ,s*ools & ,ev5+ ,classes3 also :5 le>n+ a trade1 bus9ess1 or dome/ic arts & occupations4 ,*ildr5 are urg$ to reta9 ! k ga9$ at s*ool & to supplem5t x4 ,wisdom ( acquir+ ,g5]al ,k1 & h[ to acquire x3 ) special ref]5ce to "t-tables1 directories1 atlases1 & diction>ies4 ,! light] side ( ,libr>ies3--,use ( holiday guides2 books ( travel1 mann]s & cu/oms2 music2 home int]e/s1 su* z g>d5+1 p\ltry-keep+1 pets & hobbies4 ,! c>e ( books4 7,syllabus ( "o ( ! lectures describ$ above74 ,,iv ,,rural ,,libr>ies4 ,be=e ! ,act ( #aiai1 m ?an two-fif?s ( ! population ( ^! isl&s1 :i* means practically ^? liv+ outside ! t[ns & urban di/ricts1 7 entirely )\t a libr>y s]vice4 ,a few attempts _h be5 made1 ) v>i\s degrees ( success1 to f\nd small libr>ies or contrive me?ods ( circulat+ collections ( books 9 ! villages4 ,su* 7 ! libr>y ( ! ,lanca%ire & ,*e%ire ,union1 inaugurat$ 9 #ahdg1 ! s*eme ( ! ,york%ire ,village ,libr>ies ,association1 9 #ahef1 & ! ,coats ,libr>ies supply+ _m p>ts ( ! ,highl&s & ,isl&s ( ,scotl&4 ,besides ^!1 !re 0 an odd village libr>y "h & !re1 su* z ! excell5t m9iature in/itutes giv5 to ! inhabitants ( ,ea/ ,claydon1 ,middle ,claydon1 & ,/eeple ,claydon1 9 ,buck+ham%ire1 by ! late ,sir ,edmund ,v]ney1 or ! libr>y f\nd$ 9 a ,hamp%ire village by ! unaid$ ef=ts ( ! villag]s !mselves1 :i* is describ$ by ,miss ,sayle 9 h] little memoir ,village ,libr>ies4 ,_m o!r rural libr>ies h fl\ri%$ = a "t1 & !n decay$1 leav+ no hi/ory4 ,pr(essor ,adams f\nd t ( ! total population ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom 9 #aiaa n m ?an #eg p] c5t4 resid$ )9 libr>y areas4 ,he contra/$ ! libr>y provision 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry 9 ! foll[+ table3-- ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,total ,population 9 ,p]c5tage ,population1 #aiaa4 ,libr>y ,di/ricts4 ( ,total ,population4 ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- ,engl& #cd1aid1bje #ba1ajc1cag #fb ,wales #b1jbe1bjb #ich1cjc #df ,scotl& #d1gfj1ijd #b1djc1bhc #ej ,irel& #d1cij1bai #a1bde1gff #bh ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- #de1cgj1ecj #be1fij1ffi #eg ---------------------------------------- ---------------------------- 8,^! figures10 he rem>ks1 8w\ld 9 !mselves sugge/ :at is an out/&+ feature ( ! pres5t situation1 ! fact t libr>ies are *iefly 9 ! l>g] t[n areas1 :ile ! small] t[ns & c\ntry di/ricts rema9 to a great ext5t unprovid$ =40 ,! reason = 8?is p>tial & unequal developm5t0 0 ! abs5ce 9 ! e>ly ,public ,libr>y ,acts ( any clause provid+ = conc]t$ action among bodies compet5t !oretically to become libr>y au?orities1 b unable practically1 because to furni% an adequate income out ( a p>i% rate w\ld h requir$ an ,aladd9's lamp4#ah ,if ! c\nty au?orities _h be5 p]mitt$ long ago to e/abli% sy/ems ( public libr>ies = ! villages1 & ! product ( a p5ny rate ?r\gh\t ! c\nty _h be5 sp5t on ! upkeep1 !re might by n[ h be5 a rural libr>y s]vice n inf]ior 9 quality to t 9 ! t[ns4 ,b be=e #aiai ! pot5tial libr>y au?ority 9 c\ntry di/ricts 0 ! p>i% c\ncil2 &1 ev5 if p>i% c\ncils _h be5 p]suad$ to comb9e1 ! unit ( organization w\ld h be5 too poor to support any?+ b a mis]able apology = a libr>y4 ,9 8 report ( #aiae1 ,pr(essor ,adams obs]v$ t !re 0 a gr[+ cons5sus ( op9ion t ! c\nty au?orities %\ld be emp[]$ to adopt ! ,acts & impose rates1 & t ! rural libr>y sy/ems s e/abli%$ %\ld be closely l9k$ up ) ! educational sy/em4 ,by ?is plan ! f9ancial difficulties w\ld be ov]come1 &1 s9ce 8common ?\ght & common action0 are h>d to atta9 9 a disp]s$ population1 x 0 only reasonable t a m widely repres5tative body %\ld be au?oriz$ to take ! initiative4 8,x is "p ev]y:]e ( ! rural problem t !re ne$s to be an organiz+ c5tre = ! conc5trat+ & direct+ ( rural ?\ght & action40#ai ,pr(essor ,adams outl9$ 8a public ,/ate sy/em0 ( rural libr>ies1 8support$ by ! rates1 &1 l ! educational sy/em1 univ]sal40 ,x w\ld be closely associat$ )1 if n "u ! control (1 ! c\nty educational au?ority4 8,x w\ld radiate f "o or m c5tres1 accord+ z ! c\nty is l>ge or small40 8,!re w\ld be ample room = volunt>y organization & ef=t )9 ?is framework1 & a good village & rural libr>y sy/em mu/ dep5d l>gely on volunt>y co-op]ative "w4 ,b ! framework ( ! sy/em mu/ be /rongly knit1 & mu/ secure especially at ! c5tre a libr>y in/itution1 well equipp$1 & ) exp]t managem5t & sup]vision4 ,a new corps ( libr>ians1 9 ! =m ( c\nty libr>y sup]9t5d5ts1 w be requir$ if ! movem5t is to be progressively develop$40 ,i h quot$ an important passage 9 ! actual words ( ,pr(essor ,adams1 s9ce x mu/ be always borne 9 m9d t he propos$ some?+ f> m sub/antial ?an ! m]e circulation ( boxes ( books among villages or small c\ntry t[ns su* z ask$ = ! privilege4 ,"o ( ! prim>y requisites ( ea* local libr>y1 ev5 9 ! initial s*eme :i*1 he sugge/$1 %\ld be exp]im5t$ ) 9 a few select areas1 0 8a p]man5t collection ( c]ta9 important ref]5ce books & /&>d works40 ,t1 inde$1 mu/ be ! m9imum f\ndation = ! mo/ unambiti\s k9d ( libr>y s]vice1 z di/+ui%$ f a m]e book s]vice4 ,?is latt] may be furni%$ by a circulat+ sy/em1 c5t]+ 9 a repository at "s di/ance2 b ! p]man5t collection mu/ be !re1 9 ! village1 or ! book s]vice w be b]eft ( mo/ ( its educational value4 ,! ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/1 at ^: reque/ ,pr(essor ,adams _h c>ri$ out 8 inve/igation1 adopt$ = ! sake ( exp]im5t 8 sugge/ion t ! ,tru/ %\ld take ov] ! ,coats ,libr>ies 9 ! ,highl&s & ,isl&s1 :i* _h be5 initiat$ by ,sir ,pet] ,coats ( ,paisley & at t date numb]$ #ahf on ! ma9l&1 #ei 9 ,%etl& & ,orkney1 #cc 9 ,lewis & ,h>ris1 & #cg 9 ! o!r ,hebrides4 ,a repository 0 e/abli%$ at ,dunf]ml9e1 f :i* ^! local c5tres 7 suppli$ ) p]iodical bat*es ( books4 ,?is 0 ! beg9n+ ( ! ,c>negie rural libr>y s*eme1 :i* dur+ ! next few ye>s (f]$ ! public & ! ,gov]nm5t an object-lesson 9 ! me?ods ( supply+ ! neglect$ two-fif?s ( ! population 9 ! f\r k+doms ) a libr>y s]vice4 ,! fir/ c\nty s*eme to be set on foot 0 9 ,/af=d%ire4 ,9 #aiae ! ,tru/ (f]$ #e1jjj to ?is c\nty c\ncil to be exp5d$ 9 five ye>s on a c5tral repository1 a /ock ( books1 travell+ boxes & o!r equipm5t1 & ! co/s ( adm9i/ration & c>riage1 ask+ 9 return = 8reasonable assurances t1 at ! conclusion ( ! p]iod & aft] ! exp5diture ( ! grant nam$1 ! s*eme w\ld be ma9ta9$ & support$ on funds o!r ?an !irs40 ,f #ed c5tres at once e/abli%$ 9 ,/af=d%ire s*ools ! s*eme gradually spread 9 f\r ye>s to #bjf4 ,! c\nty c\ncils ( ,gl\ce/]%ire1 ,c>digan%ire1 ,som]set1 & ,wilts und]took simil> s*emes "u l f9ancial conditions1 & ! ,tru/ made grants to ! public libr>ies ( ,p]? & ,gran?am to organize a s]vice 9 ! neighb\r+ c\ntry p>i%es4 ,^! rural sy/ems 7 giv5 a /atutory basis 9 ,scotl&1 "u sec4 #e ( ! ,scotti% ,education ,act ( #aiah2 b x 0 n till ! ,public ,libr>ies ,act ( ,decemb]1 #aiai t ! position 9 ,engl& & ,wales 0 legaliz$4 ,t ,act gave an imm5se /imulus to ! rural libr>y movem5t4 ,libr>y s*emes h n[ be5 prep>$ = ne>ly half ! rural area ( ,great ,brita91 & a l>ge numb] are 9 actual work+ ord]4#bj ,! ,tru/ees 9 #aibj set aside a sum ( #aib1jjj = grants to c\nty au?orities dur+ ! six ye>s #aibj-e1 su* grants to be employ$ on ! initial exp5ses ( ! /ock ( books1 boxes1 %elv+1 & simil> accessories = ! c5tral repository4 ,f t date !y ceas$ to pay = ! erection ( build+s or = runn+ exp5ses4 ,! premises us$ are mo/ly tempor>y build+s1 su* z ,gov]nm5t huts1 or else rooms 9 s*ools4 ,^! c5tral repositories look b>e & insignificant to ! un9itiat$1 s9ce !y are furni%$ ) little b a few tables or b5*es = pack+ books on & en\gh %elv+ to hold a fraction ( ! work+ /ock ( books1 mo/ ( :i* are out 9 ! villages & :5 !y come home are (f on ano!r j\rney almo/ at once4 ,a few /\t boxes1 ) simple fitt+s c\nt]sunk to avoid damage 9 transit1 lie ab\t1 full or empty4 ,^! are s5t out1 ea* c>ry+ fifty or a hundr$ volumes1 by rail1 c>ri]1 or motor-van1 to ! village s*ools or p]*ance ! village club1 to be h&$ to ! read]s by volunte] libr>ians1 :o are 9 mo/ cases ! s*oolma/]s4 ,9 a typical c\nty1 :]e ! population is ma9ly rural & ! repository is qu>t]$ 9 a bor\gh ( mod]ate size )\t a libr>y ( its own--:]e inde$ ! local inhabitants1 hung]+ = books :i* _! own bor\gh c\ncil w n cons5t to provide1 h to be kept at arm's l5g? by w>n+ notices--"s ?ree hundr$ villages are ea* at pres5t receiv+ ab\t two hundr$ & fifty books a ye>4 ,x is n mu*2 x is n mu* m ?an an exp]im5t2 b anyh[ x is a beg9n+2 &1 rememb]1 until ! rural s*eme arriv$ ! lab\r+ man nev] saw a new book1 f ye> end to ye> end1 unless 8 *ild won a ,sunday ,s*ool prize4 ,! circulat+ /ock consi/s ( books = *ildr5 & ! class ( books commonly def9$ z = ! g5]al read]--t is to say1 works = ent]ta9m5t prim>ily & 9 ! second place = k or in=mation4 ,fur!r1 !re is 9 ?is p>ticul> c5tre a /rong collection ( educational works = ! use ( tea*]s1 & a num]\s & s\nd selection ( sociological lit]ature = ! special b5efit ( ! ,work]s' ,educational ,association1 :o h _m tutorial classes 9 ! di/rict1 mo/ ( !m /udy+ economics1 social philosophy1 or ! sci5ce ( politics4 ,! tea*]s are all[$ to borr[ sev]al books at a "t1 to fur!r _! "w2 & 9 addition1 ! requirem5ts ( mod]n me?ods 9 tea*+ read+ are met by ! all[ance ( p]haps fifte5 or two doz5 copies ( c]ta9 select books1 to enable e *ild 9 a class to h a copy--! read+-circle sy/em appli$ 9 ! s*ool4 ,if any /udi\s p]son %\ld ask = a book n 9 ! pr9t$ catalogue1 a book obvi\sly 9 advance ( ! g5]al dem& & co/+ r m ?an ! av]age price b>ga9$ =1 ! libr>ian s5ds = x to ! ,c5tral ,libr>y = ,/ud5ts1 9 ,tavi/ock ,squ>e1 ,london4 ,ev5 ! newe/ & lea/-develop$ rural libr>y aims at an ideal t ! great comm]cial circulat+ libr>ies h giv5 up z unatta9able1 to enable any read] to h access to any book1 ( unque/ion$ value1 t he applies =--& few failures to a*ieve ?is end1 by "o means or ano!r1 h to be report$4 ,! libr>ian sup]9t5d+ ano!r c\nty sy/em1 a lady :o has built x up f ! f\ndation /one1 has1 aft] ?ree ye>s be5 able to ann\nce an av]age circulation ( two ?\s& books a week4 ,?is1 9 spite ( difficulties ( transport1 & ! abs5ce ( facilities = rea*+ ! adult read]s directly4 ,! "w "h is done entirely ?r\gh ! s*ools1 & ( ! eighte5 ?\s& & odd borr[]s rec5tly on ! regi/] n mu* m ?an eight ?\s& are above s*ool age4 ,nev]!less1 %e reports1 ev5 if ! p>5ts h 8to snat* ! books f ! *ildr5 or to wait pati5tly until !y are all 9 b$0 444 8! p w read if !y get ! *ance40 8,9 "o ,cotswold village !re are sev5ty read]s1 =ty ( :om are adults2 among !m are sev]al f>m]s1 a pa9t]1 a but*]1 a sadl]1 dome/ic s]vants1 railwaym51 build]s1 lab\r]s1 _m mo!rs1 & ! po/mi/ress4 ,=ty books 7 s5t !re 9 ,janu>y1 & by ,june ^! books _h #chi read]s1 an av]age ( #i4e read]s p] book4 ,"o tea*] reports t 8 male read]s include a c>t]1 a c[man1 a rivett]1 f>m-lab\r]s1 ! policeman1 a workh\se att5dant1 ! night wat*man1 ! s*oolma/]1 & ! vic>4 ,ano!r writes3 8,our read]s are *iefly z foll[s--clo?-work]s1 c>p5t]s1 cl]ks1 pla/]]s1 h\se-decorators1 tailors1 g>d5]s1 pr9t]s1 eng9e-driv]s1 ironwork]s1 *auffeurs1 railwaym540 ,:5 "o looks at li/s l ^! "o realizes t to pack a box to meet all ta/es is no easy matt]4 ,9 ,/r\d !re is an old lady ( sev5ty-n9e :o borr[s books regul>ly f ! s*ool1 & at ,coln ,/4 ,aldwyn1 9 ! ,cotswolds1 a disabl$ soldi] read1 9 ?ree mon?s1 n9ete5 out ( a possible tw5ty-six books4 ,"o ( our =m] borr[]s :o came 9 by tra9 e day left h] book 9 *>ge ( a port] 9 ! ev5+s4 ,x 0 "s "t be=e %e discov]$ :y he 0 s surly at times1 & !n %e f\nd %e _h *ang$ h] book be=e he _h f9i%$ x60#ba ,"h are samples ( ! lett]s receiv$ f imag9ative s*ool-*ildr51 :o _h be5 told ab\t t inexhau/ible treasure-h\se1 ! ,c5tral ,libr>y3--8,please s5d me a book on c>p5t]+ & oblige40 8,de> ,sir1 ,c\ld y k9dly s5d me on "o ( y\r nature /udy pa9t+ books z y spoke ( 9 our s*oolma/]'s lett] f y & oblige1 ,y\rs s9c]ely40 8,de>1 ,sir1 ,i %\ld be pleas$ if y w\ld k9dly =w>d me a book on ! /udy ( knitt+ a ,jump]40 ,& "h is an extract f a tea*]'s acc\nt ( h] libr>y c5tre3-- 8,we all feel greatly indebt$ to ! ,c>negie ,tru/ees1 x is impossible to ov]-e/imate ! boon t ! ,libr>y is 9 ^! c\ntry di/ricts4 ,if ! ,tru/ees c\ld see = !mselves ! excitem5t & pleasure :5 ! books arrive1 & ! ru% to see !m & *oose1 ,i am sure !y w\ld realize afre% h[ well-sp5t _! funds are4 ,our only difficulty is t !re are nev] en\gh books = all :o want !m1 b t1 )\t d\bt1 is a difficulty common to all ,c>negie rural libr>ians40 ,! ,c>negie ,tru/ees calculat$ _! grants on ! und]/&+ t pur*ases by ! rural libr>ies %\ld be re/rict$ to ! *eap] books 9 g5]al dem& 7av]ag+ #cs4 #f;d4 new or second-h&71 & t :5 o!r or m exp5sive books 7 requir$ !y %\ld be obta9$ on loan f ! ,c5tral ,libr>y = ,/ud5ts4 ,to ?is libr>y1 :i* =ms a c5tral /ore ( te*nical1 sci5tific1 & o!r high-class works1 = supply+ bo? ! rural sy/ems & ^? urban libr>ies t pay a small subscription1 ! ,tru/ees are n[ mak+ a subsidy ( #a1jjj a ye>4 ,x may ev5tually develop into an invaluable auxili>y to all ! public libr>ies 9 ! k+dom1 & money sp5t on increas+ its /ock is a ?or\ghly economic exp5diture1 s9ce x saves an incr$ible am\nt ( ov]lapp+ among ! diff]5t units ( ! nation's libr>y s]vice4 ,diff]5t c\nties h employ$ diff]5t modes ( di/ribution4 ,rail & c>ri] are ! usual m$ium :]e ! c5tres are n f> f ! railways1 & "s c\nties h secur$ half rates = conveyance ( books by pass5g] tra94 ,exp]im5ts h h[ev] be5 made ) hir$ motor transport1 ) a sav+ on co/s & a mu* m important sav+ 9 "t & tr\ble1 s9ce m ?an a score ( boxes c be deliv]$ & ! "t-expir$ boxes collect$ 9 a s+le day's trip4 ,! ,p]?%ire au?ority h acquir$ a motor-van ( _! own to be us$ = convey+ books & also = ! libr>ian's t\rs ( inspection4 ,?is w no d\bt be ! plan adopt$ else:]e :5 ! sy/ems rea* a fur!r /age ( developm5t4 ,m miscellane\s & m picturesque me?ods h _h to be foll[$ 9 ! ,nor? ( ,scotl& s]vice1 :i* fe$s ! ,isl&s1 includ+ ,/4 ,kilda1 ) mu*-ne$$ books4 ,aft] _m abortive attempts to rea* ,/4 ,kilda1 x 0 f\nd t a trawl] 0 go+ !re f ,fleetwood1 & 9 ?is r\ndab\t way ! fir/ box ( books f ,dunf]ml9e arriv$ !re la/ ye>4 ,9 ! ,orkneys1 ,%etl&s1 & ,hebrides1 cr(t]s1 fi%]m51 & cobbl]s1 we are told1 look eag]ly = books on natural hi/ory1 sci5ce1 & philosophy1 f ! ,c5tral ,libr>y = ,/ud5ts4 ,h[ _m p pass+ ! drab h\se 9 ,tavi/ock ,squ>e h ! remote/ idea t f ?is c5tre1 unm>k$ by any?+ m gr&iose ?an a small brass plate1 m5tal & spiritual light is be+ /eadily radiat$ to ! inhabitants ( utmo/ ,?ule4 ,9 ! isl& ( ,f\la1 :]e ! gr[n-up p _c leave _! cr(ts 9 ! scanty summ]1 ! s*ool-*ildr5 are enli/$ z c>ri]s4 ,a s*oolma/] describes h[ 9 ! w9t] he c>ri$ ! books himself until he fell 9 ) ! %eep-dogs s5t out to br+ !m to ! di/ant cr(t4 ,on ?is isl& a population ( #age borr[s #a1cjj books a ye>4 ,guib]wick1 ) a population ( #bjj1 calls = #gjj e six mon?s4 ,m9ute records are kept at ,dunf]ml9e ( ! k9d ( read+ t appeals to v>i\s k9ds ( read]s4 8,= ! fiction10 says ! libr>ian1 ,miss ,?omson1 8tak5 on a :ole1 !y read v good novels4 ,! g5]al works are ( a v>i$ nature1 b ,i h notic$ t books deal+ ) ! lit]ature1 fauna1 flora1 & topography ( ea* isl& are mu* 9 fav\r4 ,we also supply books 9 ,gaelic1 :i* are widely read bo? by adults & juv5iles40 ,anyone :o has w&]$ 9 ! loneli] p>ts ( ! ,highl&s w "k :at are ! difficulties ( a s]vice to ! remote gl5s & ! =e/]s' /ations 9 ! de]-=e/s1 & :at a priceless gift a h&ful ( books always is4 ,x mu/ be evid5t f ?is %ort acc\nt t ! rural problem has be5 tackl$ on ! *eape/ l9es4 ,! maximum co/ ( any c\nty s*eme has 9 no in/ance exce$$ ! yield ( a halfp5ny rate2 & until !re are c5tres ?r\gh\t a %ire1 or until supplem5t>y means are employ$1 su* z ! e/abli%m5t ( /ation>y libr>ies at accessible po9ts 9 c]ta9 areas1 x is n likely to increase appreciably4 ,! foll[+ typical examples ( c\nty exp5diture are giv5 by ! ,tru/ees 9 _! report on ! ye> #aibj3-- ,total ,s*ool pop4 pop4 ,co/ ,age ( ( area ( area ,total ,rate p] ,no4 ( ,c\nty4 ,s*eme4 s]v$4 s]v$4 ,co/4 equiv4 head4 ,c5tres4 ,/af=d%ire #d? yr4 #bdf1jjj #ce1jjj #ebe d4 d4 #bjf ,gl\ce/]%ire #bnd 8 #bab1jjj #cj1jjj #ejj d4 d4 #cjc ,c>digan%ire #crd 8 #fj1jjj #f1ejj #ddj d4 #a;d4 #de ,wilt%ire #a/ 8 #aha1jjj #cd1jjj #dce d4 d4 #ij ,notts #bnd 8 #ajj1jjj #ac1dba #ehj d4 #a;d4 #afd ,som]set #bnd 8 #cce1jjj #eb1jjj #dej d4 d4 #bbc ,x 0 a wise /roke ( policy to make a beg9n+ ?r\gh ! s*ools & ! *ildr54 ,a read+ public is 9 process ( manufacture1 & ?r\gh ! books & ! read]s ?us introduc$ into ru/ic h\seholds ev5 ! /ubborn bucolic m9d c h>dly fail to receive "s impression4 ,b ! risk ( beg9n+ 9 a small way is t p w be cont5t ) small results1 or1 ev5 worse1 t ! s]vice may h su* insignificant consequ5ces t nobody w m9d if x decl9es into some?+ l ! old-fa%ion$ s*ool libr>y or disappe>s altoge!r4 ,! c\ntry di/ricts are be+ suppli$ ) boxes ( books2 !y are n be+ put into contact ) libr>ies--!y are n yet suppli$ ) :at ,pr(essor ,adams laid d[n z ! fir/ ess5tial1 8a p]man5t collection ( c]ta9 important ref]5ce books & /&>d works40 ,su* a p]man5t nucleus is 9 tru? ! ess5tial basis ( a libr>y s]vice2 a rotation ( book-boxes is1 9 reality1 b auxili>y to ?is4 ,unless x be firmly realiz$ t :at has be5 done is only a v small beg9n+1 & t enorm\sly m rema9s to be done be=e an adequate libr>y s]vice is provid$1 a fatal mi/ake w h be5 committ$1 z p>alys+ to future progress z ! blund] ( #ahej1 :i* made public libr>ies a failure on ! :ole ?r\gh\t ! fir/ p]iod ( _! exi/5ce4 ,! w>n+ ought by n[ to h be5 tak5 to he>t4 ,9 _! mann] ( deal+ ) ! rural libr>y1 ! c\nty education au?orities are on _! trial4 ,if ! wont$ errors ( bureaucratic managem5t are committ$1 if !re is a lack ( vision & ( sympa?y ) ! villag]1 especially ! villag] :o w n be hu/l$ inside ! fold ( organiz$ adult education1 failure to come to grips ) ! ?orny problems ( rural psy*ology1 &1 above all1 a "o-idea$ zeal = economy & a *eap sort ( effici5cy1 n mu* c be hop$ = until public op9ion1 :5 our new read]s h gr[n up1 imp]i\sly dem&s m4 ,s f>1 little has be5 attempt$1 except 9 "o or two c\nties bless$ ) an op5-m9d$ & en]getic libr>ian1 to secure ! p]sonal contact & ! insight into local ne$s & local av5ues ( approa* t are ! indisp5sable prelim9>ies to success4 ,= ! ext5sion "w t has prov$ s lucrative 9 urban libr>ies !re is d\bly & trebly a ne$ 9 ! c\ntry1 if libr>ies are to play any vital "p 9 ! rural economy4 ,dur+ ! la/ few ye>s1 =tunately1 _m ag5cies h come into be+ or h acquir$ a new lease ( life ?r\gh :i* mission>y ent]prises c be c>ri$ on1 grant$ ! necess>y intellig5ce & driv+-p[] at ! c5tre4 ,rural conditions h *ang$ pr(\ndly s9ce ! w>4 ,!re is a ke5 desire to make life 9 ! c\ntry int]e/+1 to op5 ! /agnant backwat] into ! g5]al /ream4 ,"h !re is a village club or a wom5's in/itute1 !re a bran* ( ! ,w4,e4,a42 ! ,y4,m4,c4,a4 & ! ,y4,w4,c4,a4 h bo? id5tifi$ !mselves ) ^! & o!r local activities & initiat$ fre% projects !mselves1 includ+ small libr>ies1 read+ circles1 & educational programmes2 "o place has a field club1 ano!r a musical society2 almo/ ev]y:]e !re are boy sc\ts1 girl guides1 & o!r elem5ts ( social life1 to all ( :i* ! libr>y movem5t %\ld come z an aid & a /imulus4 ,"s ( ^! may =m a natural home = ! village libr>y2 o!rs w provide mat]ials = read+ circles & simil> ent]prises on ! "p ( libr>ians hav+ "s insight into ! ru/ic m9d & a det]m9ation to break d[n initial b>ri]s4 ,b to make su* ef=ts effective1 ! policy ( ! rural libr>y au?ority mu/ be pu%+1 adaptive1 & n a p>simoni\s "o1 & ! /aff ( libr>ians mu/ be some?+ m ?an ma*9es = di/ribut+ books4 ,! directors ( education & ! c\nty libr>ians :o are 9 *>ge ( rural sy/ems might le>n a good deal f ! di/rict organiz]s employ$ by ! ,village ,clubs ,association4 ,?is organization 0 f\nd$ dur+ ! w>1 ) ,gov]nm5t assi/ance1 to /imulate social life 9 ! c\ntry1 & c\nt]act ! t5d5cy ( ! villag]s to migrate into t[ns4 ,x works pr9cipally by enc\rag+ ! =mation ( village clubs & in/itutes1 & assi/+ ^! ) advice & practical help1 especially by gett+ !m to co-op]ate 9 s*emes = lectures1 classes1 ent]ta9m5ts1 sports1 competitions1 & ! l4 ,sev]al hundr$ ?riv+ clubs are affiliat$ to ! ,association1 & ! /aff ( (ficials--m5 *os5 = _! exp]i5ce ( rural conditions & insight into ru/ic m5tality--are 9 t\* ) ev]y?+ t goes on ?r\gh\t a radius ext5d+ ov] two or ?ree c\nties4 ,_m clubs h ?r\gh local b5efactions acquir$ l>ge & beautiful village halls1 :i* are obvi\sly ! de/9$ home ( ! village libr>y--9 po9t ( fact1 !y are n yet ! actual home ev5 :]e ! village has a libr>y c5tre1 bureaucratic au?ority mu* pref]r+ ! s*ool1 (ficial r\t9e & discipl9e to m]e human nature4 ,! ,village ,clubs ,association takes an active int]e/ 9 ! intellectual side ( rural life2 x promotes ! =mation ( village libr>ies1 v s5sibly urg+ e club to make itself ! own] ( a small ref]5ce collection1 to buy "s books = l5d+1 & borr[ f ! ,c5tral ,libr>y to satisfy dem&s beyond ! av]age4 ,! ,association1 fur!r1 busies itself 9 promot+ /udy circles1 lectures1 & ev5+ classes1 (ficial or o!rwise4 ,x has its own libr>y & education committee1 ^: activities co9cide 9 l>ge measure ) ! "w t ! c\nty education committees & directors ( education are do+1 or ought to be do+1 9 c>ry+ out ! rural libr>y s*eme4 ,yet ! ,village ,clubs ,association & ! educational au?orities1 ev5 9 c\nties :]e rural libr>ies exi/ & bo? are o/5sibly engag$ 9 fur!r+ ! same purposes1 h done no?+ yet 9 conc]t1 h n avail$ !mselves ( ea* o!rs' s]vices1 & s f> z a p]son :o is n a ,gov]nm5t (ficial c make out1 d n "k ( ea* o!rs' exi/5ce4 ,9 %ort1 ?is is ano!r notable in/ance ( our national gift = do+ ?+s twice ov] & at ! same "t leav+ !m undone1 ( pay+ twice = ! same job & decl9+ to d x prop]ly because ( ! exp5se4 ,?is too1 9 days ( anti-wa/e campaigns & nigg>dly economy4 ,! education committee & ! director ( education 9 ea* c\nty "w "u ! ,bo>d ( ,education2 ! ,village ,clubs ,association is fo/]-mo!r$ by ! ,bo>d ( ,agriculture4 ,x is1 app>5tly1 n (ficial etiquette t ! ,association %\ld recomm5d ! village clubs to seek ! b5efits ( ! education au?ority's libr>y s*eme--_! pamphlets ( in=mation & advice d n m5tion ! new possibilities op5$ out by ! ,act ( #aiai--or1 on ! o!r h&1 = ! education au?ority to utilize ! organiz+ exp]i5ce & fit its own s*emes into ! framework :i* ! ,association c\ld put at its disposal4 ,if ! education au?orities ignore (ficial or semi-(ficial "w su* z ?is1 x is to be fe>$ t !y w be sl[ to recognize & co-ord9ate ! ?\s& & "o activities1 ! libr>ies & in/itutes f\nd$ by private ef=t1 & ! numb]less bodies t are try+ h>d to infuse a new _s into rural life4 ,w !y take ov] or "w 9 any k9d ( p>tn]%ip ) ! libr>y s*emes ( ! ,y4,m4,c4,a41 ! village libr>y association work+ 9 ,worce/]%ire1 or t c5tr$ 9 ,b>nett ,h\se1 ,ox=d8 ,w !y make ! v>i\s field clubs & o!r local societies _! coadjutors8 ,unless !y d1 all ! elem5ts ( a real social & intellectual resurrection 9 ! villages w be left j outside _! radius4 ,x 0 a good ?+ to beg9 ) ! s*ools1 b ! "w mu/ get beyond ! s*ool at ! fir/ opportunity4 ,! village s*ool is only a make%ift base = ! great intellectual & civiliz+ crusade 9 :i* all available =ces mu/ be conc5trat$4 ,x is v difficult inde$ to evoke 9 a s*oolroom ! cong5ial atmosph]e ( ! libr>y1 ! read+ circle1 & ! village in/itute4 ,! v ^w education1 ) its n>r[ associations1 is unpopul> & repressive4 ,adult education w h to get rid ( ! second t]m be=e x c become an inspiration4 ,! soon]1 !re=e1 ! rural libr>y c leave ! s*ool & s*ool+ beh9d ! bett]4 ,to d s ev]y:]e1 9 mo/ places p]haps1 is n yet possible2 b :]e x is possible1 directors ( education mu/ n be all[$ to fr[n ^u ! sugge/ion4 ,fre$om & initiative1 spontane\s p]sonal developm5t1 are ! *ief ?+s to aim at1 & !y w be atta9$ mo/ easily 9 regions outside ! range ( our pres5t educational ma*9]y4 ,salvation w probably come to ! rural libr>y movem5t f su* c\nties z are enlight5$ en\gh to =m leagues betwe5 villages1 ) real n p]functory libr>ies 9 conv5i5t c5tres1 or comb9ations ( bor\gh or urban di/rict libr>ies ) neighb\r+ villages4 ,only :5 a gr[+ proportion ( ! rural public has ! opportunity ( direct contact ) libr>ies1 & n m]ely ) small bat*es ( books s5t !m at /at$ int]vals1 w !y realize :at a true libr>y s]vice c d4 ,only !n w !re be mu* hope ( co-ord9at+ all ! miscellane\s local ef=ts into active s*emes ( libr>y ext5sion4 ,incid5tally1 unless ev5ts h mean:ile hurri$ on ! process ( l9k+ up all our public libr>ies into a national sy/em1 su* comb9ations may furni% a sugge/ive example to ! t[ns4 ,b to a*ieve all ?is1 x is d\btful if we %\ld make heavy dem&s ^u ! c\nty education committees1 unless !y depute ?is side ( _! "w to a /rong sub-committee1 re9=c$ ) co-opt$ memb]s f outside4 ,repres5tation ( o!r int]e/s ?an ^? ( s*ools & education1 repres5tation ( ! _m volunt>y bodies :o are /riv+ to reanimate ! c\ntryside1 repres5tation1 above all1 ( ! p :o read or :om we want to read ! books1 is a radical necessity4 ,to ?is po9t !re w be a return 9 ! next *apt]1 :]e ! g5]al "q ( :o %all manage our recon/itut$ libr>ies w arise4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e ! ob/acles to a rural libr>y s]vice are /ill m =midable1 ! t[n population be+ only #de p] c5t4 ( ! :ole1 v>i\s plans h be5 tri$1 & a diff]5t me?od ?an t rec5tly adopt$ 9 ?is c\ntry has met ) mo/ success1 ! me?od ( expansion outw>ds f a libr>y at ! c5tre1 freely op5 to ! public4 ,! ,/ate libr>y commissions d n flatt] !mselves t !y h completely solv$ ! problem1 = only #gid ( ! #bifd c\nties 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates h z yet "o or m libr>ies ( n less ?an #e1jjj volumes2 b !y are app>5tly on ! highroad to success4 ,at all ev5ts1 !y are fully aw>e ( ! ext5t & value ( _! opportunities4 ,all ! /ates 9 ! union h ,/ate libr>ies1 & mo/ h libr>y commissions1 :i* op]ate 9 diff]5t ways1 "s ) exempl>y ?or\ghness1 & "s1 x mu/ be confess$1 r p]functorily4 ,_m /ates h sy/ems ( travell+ libr>ies1 t 9 ,new ,york be+ ! mo/ ext5sive & fl\ri%+4 ,yet comp>+ ?is ) ! rival c\nty sy/em n[ to be describ$1 a well-in=m$ critic says1 8,! few p rea*$ comp>$ ) ! great rural population ( ! /ate ( ,new ,york1 :]e9 ! travell+ libr>y "u ! direction ( ! ,/ate ,libr>y ,commission seems to be m widely us$ ?an 9 any o!r /ate ( ! ,union1 indicates ! futility ( try+1 by means ( a travell+ libr>y sy/em op]at$ f ! capital ( ! /ate1 to supply f>m homes ) libr>y privileges40#bb ,municipal libr>ies h rea*$ _! highe/ developm5t 9 ,massa*usetts1 :i* has on its public %elves m ?an six million volumes1 ab\t two to ea* inhabitant2 b 9 ! abs5ce ( a c\nty sy/em ! rural population is neglect$4 ,indiana also has an admirable t[n%ip law1 emp[]+ t[n%ips to comb9e & "w 9 conc]t2 yet only "o rural inhabitant 9 ea* elev5 enjoys libr>y privileges4 ,a v diff]5t tale is told 9 ^? /ates :]e ! sy/em ( ! c5tral c\nty libr>y has be5 set up1 ?\gh ! sy/em is ev5 n[ b 9 its infancy4 ,! pione] c\nty libr>y 0 e/abli%$ 9 #aija 9 ,van ,w]t1 ,ohio1 9 a /ate :]e ! libr>y movem5t _h hi!rto made b indiff]5t progress4 ,funds = a build+ _h be5 left to ! c\nty t[n by a self-made bank]1 ,j4 ,s4 ,brumback1 & 8 heirs decid$ t x %\ld be a libr>y = ! :ole c\nty1 :]eby #cj1jjj p w\ld enjoy b5efits t w\ld o!rwise h be5 re/rict$ to #h1jjj4 ,! c\nty is small & compact1 measur+ #dje squ>e miles1 & is pr$om9antly a rural area1 #af1cjj p]sons at t "t liv+ on f>ms or 9 out-(-!-way spots1 & ! inhabitants ( ! t[ns dep5d+ l>gely = bus9ess on ! rural population4 ,! c\nty _s is /rong4 ,!re are c\nty p>ks1 a c\nty fair1 a c\nty hospital1 a c\nty ,*autauqua1 agricultural %[s1 sports1 s++ conte/s1 & o!r c\nty affairs4 ,h5ce ! tree 0 plant$ 9 ! "r soil1 & took hold at once4 ,a c\nty tax 0 sanction$1 a l>ge initial /ock ( books 0 acquir$1 & has be5 cont9ually augm5t$2 & :5 ! /ock _h increas$ to #be1jjj ! :ole libr>y s]vice1 :i* is ?reefold1 deal+ ) ! t[n ( ,van ,w]t1 ) fifte5 bran*es1 & ) ! s*ools 9 t[n & c\ntry1 0 run at an aggregate co/ ( #g1jjj p] annum4 ,! /aff is divid$ into ?ree dep>tm5ts correspond+ to ! ?ree divisions ( ! s]vice1 besides ! cu/odians at ! bran*es1 :o receive an honor>ium = _! att5dance at c]ta9 h\rs4 ,an equal if n a great] circulation ( books is atta9$ ?r\gh ! s*ools ?an ev5 ?r\gh ! bran* /ations4 ,sunday s*ools are press$ into ! "w1 & ! ext5sion activities are multif>i\s4 ,collections ( #abe books are s5t to ea* bran* e ?ree mon?s2 9 addition1 supply boxes ( a hundr$ books g regul>ly to "s bran*es1 & :5 requir$ to o!rs4 ,e inhabitant ( ! c\nty x mu/ be und]/ood1 is entitl$ to borr[ direct f ! c5tral libr>y4 ,?is is an important po9t1 &1 obs]ves ! libr>ian1 x w\ld be /ill m important if ! c5tral libr>y 7 work$ on ! op5 access sy/em4 ,9 #aibj1 ! total numb] ( ag5cies 9 op]ation 0 #adb1 compreh5d+1 besides ! c5tral libr>y1 five city /ations1 six city s*ools1 fifte5 bran*es1 & #aae s*ool collections4 ,! regi/]$ borr[]s comprise ne>ly sixty p] c5t4 ( ! :ole population1 ?ree-qu>t]s ( !m us+ ! c5tral libr>y1 :e!r !y live 9 ! t[n or 9 ! villages4 ,?\gh we$+-out is a regul> practice1 obsolete books be+ ru?lessly disc>d$ & ! libr>y suppli$ ) ! late/ books s z to be a real work%op1 ! total /ock is n[ #cj1eig1bc :i* is r m ?an "o volume p] head ( ! population4 ,van ,w]t is a small c\nty1 & ! compactness ( ! area s]v$ gives x an imm5se advantage ov] areas ( ! size ( mo/ ,engli% c\nties1 :i* w\ld h to be divid$ into libr>y di/ricts to be put on ! same foot+4 ,b ! sup]iority ( ! c\nty sy/em1 ) its facilities = direct access z well z its s]vice ?r\gh ! bran* /ations & ! s*ools1 ov] ! m]e travell+ libr>y1 0 s manife/ t ! sy/em rapidly spread4 ,among ! /ates t h adopt$ c\nty libr>y laws1 foll[+ ,ohio's example1 are ,wyom+1 ,wiscons91 ,m9nesota1 ,miss\ri1 ,cali=nia1 ,m>yl&1 ,wa%+ton1 ,nebraska1 ,oregon1 ,i[a4 ,canada1 also1 has welcom$ ! sy/em4 ,cali=nia has ! l>ge/ numb] ( c\nty libr>ies1 & is n f> f cov]+ ! :ole area ( ! /ate ) a libr>y s]vice4 ,x has a /ate bo>d ( exam9]s 9 libr>ian%ip1 & only c]tificat$ p]sons are eligible to c\nty libr>y po/s4 ,"o laudable social object is cle>ly realiz$ z a motive beh9d rural libr>y policy 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 to enc\rage ! p to live z f> z !y c f ! he>t ( ! cities1 9 spots :]e !y c own a little gr\nd = cultivation1 & enjoy pure air & a :olesome environm5t4 ,if ! practical ,am]ican looks at x 9 ?is way1 we may be sure t !re is mu* =ce 9 ! cont5tion t a fir/-rate libr>y s]vice 9 ! c\ntry w\ld be a real attraction & help mat]ially 9 ! movem5t back to ! l&4 ,"h x is wor? :ile m5tion+ a diff]5t class ( libr>y t is multiply+ fa/ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 greatly to ! fur!rance ( ! same movem5t--agricultural libr>ies4 ,!re are ?ree v>ieties ( ^!1 ! libr>y ( ! agricultural college1 t atta*$ to ! exp]im5tal /ation1 & ! agricultural libr>y =m$ by a private individual or a f>m+ corporation4 ,_! are sixty-five agricultural colleges 9 ! ,/ates1 ma9ta9$ by /ate or f$]al funds4 ,prim>ily1 su* libr>ies s]ve ! college /ud5ts2 b ! colleges h adopt$ a /r5u\s ext5sion policy1 runn+ %ort w9t] c\rses = f>m]s1 organiz+ agricultural clubs1 s5d+ out in/ructive gr\ps ( exhibits1 bat*es ( books1 read+ li/s & read+ matt]1 9 ! =m ( pamphlets1 cutt+s1 & answ]s to inquiries4 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons9 di/ributes books by p>cel po/ & issues bibliographical bullet9s2 ! ,massa*usetts ,agricultural ,college has a sy/em ( travell+ libr>ies2 ,purdue ,univ]sity prep>es select libr>ies ( agricultural lit]ature & takes /eps to sell ^! to f>m]s4 8,?r\gh ! f>m]s' pap]s1 on ! special tra9s1 at fairs & at in/itutes1 ! "w 0 c>ri$ on40#bd ,agricultural libr>ies are an ess5tial auxili>y to ! exp]im5tal /ation1 :]e ! "w is =w>d$ mat]ially by ! s]vices ( an exp]t libr>ian skill$ 9 se>*+ out in=mation4 ,! exp]im5tal /ation & its libr>y play a "p 9 answ]+ qu]ies f work+ agriculturali/s1 simil> to t play$ by our comm]cial & te*nical libr>ies = ! b5efit ( manufactur]s & m5 ( bus9ess4 ,! advantages ( bas+ a rural libr>y s]vice on a c5tral libr>y to :i* ! read]s c resort if !y desire are manifold4 ,=emo/ is ! supremely important po9t t ! us]s c come if & :5 !y w to see & h&le ! books & make !mselves famili> ) ! libr>y's cont5ts4 ,op5 access 9 t[n libr>ies has be51 n m]ely an educational factor1 b an inspiration4 ,! box ( books dol$ out f a repository t ! read] has nev] se51 & to :i* he w\ld n be admitt$ if he appli$1 is bett] ?an no?+1 b x is a libr>y s]vice only to ^? :o h hi!rto _h no?+4 ,a t[n takes a pride 9 its libr>y2 ! villag] w\ld h ! same p]sonal int]e/ 9 ! collection ( books h\s$ 9 ! village hall4 ,an inaccessible repository is n likely to excite ! feel+s ( c\nty patriotism :i* h be5 a valuable elem5t 9 ! success ( ! ,brumback ,libr>y1 ,ohio4 ,su* patriotism is ne$$1 if ! unanim\s social ef=t requir$ ( ?is new exp]im5t1 mu* m ?an x 0 requir$ 9 ! t[ns1 is to become a reality4 ,! ideal plan w\ld be to divide ! l>ge c\nties into sections1 ea* c5t]+ 9 a t[n or regional libr>y4 ,! t[n libr>ies exi/1 & if prop] f9ancial conditions 7 arrang$ ! t[ns w\ld probably n be av]se f com+ into a well-plann$ s*eme4 ,!y w\ld ga91 n lose1 by ! *ange1 s9ce ! available /ock ( books w\ld be enl>g$ indef9itely & !re w\ld be a wid] apportionm5t ( ov]head *>ges4 ,at pres5t1 ,som]set is work$ f ! little wat]+-place ( ,burnham1 :i* has no libr>y s]vice = itself1 & books are actually s5t across ! wid? ( ! %ire into ! suburbs ( ,ba?1 a t[n rejoic+ 9 a l>ge collection ( l5d+-libr>y books us$ ma9ly = desultory ref]5ce purposes4 ,h[ mu* bett] 7 ,som]set mapp$ out into di/ricts s]v$ f ! exi/+ public libr>ies at ,rad/ock1 ,we/on-sup]-,m>e1 ,taunton1 & ,bridgewat]1 ) new ones e/abli%$ at ,gla/onbury1 ,wells1 or o!r places1 unable s+ly to af=d a libr>y4 ,:y %\ld n ,sussex be suppli$ f ! *a9 ( admirable libr>ies 9 h] s\? coa/ t[ns1 ) a new "o 9 ! h9t]l& at ,hor%am8 ,k5t has public libr>ies at ,maid/one1 ,graves5d1 ,*a?am1 ,bromley1 ,cant]bury1 & ,folke/one2 ,maid/one1 ) its ,b5tlif ,in/itute compris+ libr>y1 museum1 & art gall]y1 w\ld =m a c5tral magaz9e h>dly to be surpass$1 & ) subord9ate c5tres at ! o!r places x w\ld be easy to cat] = ! :ole c\nty4 ,wilt%ire is s]v$ f ,tr[bridge1 :]e ! bookless inhabitants h to be /]nly repuls$ f ! sacr$ repository1 :il/ ,calne & ,salisbury h libr>ies ( _! own t might co-op]ate 9 supply+ ?is l>ge agricultural area4 ,simil>ly1 ! ,gl\ce/]%ire repository is 9 ! c\nty t[n1 & has no deal+s ) ! ,gl\ce/] ,public ,libr>y4 ,examples might be multipli$2 b ! read] ne$ only op5 ! map ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom to see h[ easy & natural a ?+ x w\ld be to adopt ! ,am]ican c\nty libr>y sy/em & c5tre our rural s]vice 9 an accessible libr>y build+1 ) its ref]5ce collection1 its read+ rooms1 & above all1 its l5d+ book-%elves ?r[n op5 to all com]s4 ,! ,libr>ian ( ! ,national ,lib]al ,club1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,r4 ,s&]son1 prep>$ a s*eme = ,middlesex1 "o ( ! late/ c\nties to accept ! ,c>negie grant1 = organiz+ a regional s]vice work$ f a c5tral libr>y e/abli%$ )9 ! jo9t b\nd>y ( ,s\?gate & ,fri]n ,b>net1 :i* h betwe5 !m a population approa*+ #fj1jjj4 ,! alt]native to ?is proposal is ! usual travell+ libr>y sy/em1 & x rema9s to be se5 :i* w be ultimately adopt$4 ,middlesex1 mo/ ( :i* is m]e suburb ( ,london1 is 9 circum/ances v diff]5t f ^? ( ! av]age c\nty4 ,x already has a score ( public libr>ies 9 its t[ns & urban di/ricts1 _m ( :i* w\ld be any?+ b worse (f if !y 7 l9k$ into a c\nty s*eme4 ,fail+ t consummation1 t[>ds :i*1 h[ev]1 x may be hop$ t future ev5ts w lead1 !re seems no reason b timidity & %ort-sight$ frugality to hesitate 9 *oos+ ! ,am]ican patt]n4 ,illu/ration3 ,,libr>y ,,( ,,! ,,s\?-,,ea/]n ,,agricultural ,,college1 ,,wye4 ,! m rapidly ! me?od ( ! travell+ book-box spreads into c\nties 9 :i* effici5t urban libr>ies are already work+1 ! soon] w its radical defects appe>2 common s5se & obvi\s conv5i5ce w pres5tly call = ! abolition ( su* anomalies1 & insi/ on a prop] utilization ( exi/+ res\rces4 ,! e>li] ?is happ5s ! bett]1 = su* utilization w be f> m economic ?an an ineffective sy/em1 h[ev] *eaply run4 ,! outcome w be some?+ mu* ne>] ! goal indicat$ by ! ,adult ,education ,committee 9 _! ,f9al ,report4#be 8,! hope lies 9 ! recognition ( ! c\nty m>ket t[n z ! natural c5tre = ! surr\nd+ villages & ! gradual developm5t ( transport facilities radiat+ f ! m>ket t[ns4444 ,! developm5t ( transport & ! ext5d$ use ( electric p[] w t5d to ! dec5tralization ( indu/ry & ! movem5t ( firms f ! t[n to ! c\ntry4 ,x is improbable1 h[ev]1 t t[n work]s w be prep>$1 9 any l>ge numb]s--ev5 :5 ! h\s+ %ortage is rem$i$--to ex*ange urban life = life 9 ! c\ntry s long z ! latt] is )\t ! c\nt]p>t ( ! _m & v>i$ activities to :i* !y h become accu/om$ 9 ! t[ns4444 ,! rural problem1 f :atev] po9t ( view x is reg>d$--economic1 social1 or political--is ess5tially a problem ( re-creat+ ! rural community1 ( develop+ new social traditions & a new culture4 ,! great ne$ is = a liv+ nucleus ( communal activity 9 ! village1 :i* w be a c5tre f :i* radiate ! influ5ce ( diff]5t =ms ( corporate ef=t1 & to :i* ! p are attract$ to f9d ?is satisfaction ( _! social & intellectual ne$s4 ,we conceive ?is nucleus to be a village in/itute1 "u full public control4444 ,! in/itute %\ld conta9 a hall l>ge en\gh = dances1 c9ema %[s1 conc]ts1 plays1 public lectures1 & exhibitions4 ,at ! in/itute !re %\ld be a public libr>y & local museum4 ,if arrangem5ts c be made = games & sports1 s mu* ! bett]4 ,! in/itute1 9 a ^w1 %\ld be a c5tre ( educational1 social1 & recreational activity4444 ,z ! in/itutes w be us$ m & m = public & quasi-public purposes1 x seems to u t !y %\ld be e/abli%$ out ( public funds4 ,9 ! ma91 ! e/abli%m5t ( village in/itutes %\ld be a national *>ge4 ,! complicat$ social & economic que/ions :i* we call collectively ! rural problem are a matt] ( ! greate/ national importance4 ,!y d n admit ( any simple solution4 ,!y ne$ to be approa*$ by _m roads2 "o ( ! mo/ important is ?r\gh direct enc\ragem5t to ! e/abli%m5t ( a new communal organization & to ! developm5t ( corporate activities & social in/itutions 9 h>mony ) mod]n social ideas4 ,! ,/ate _c create a new social _s2 x c b provide opportunities = its gr[? & expression4 ,"o ( ! *ief ( ^! opportunities is ! village in/itute1 & we c ?9k ( no m pr(\nd or f>-rea*+ piece ( rural recon/ruction ?an ! provision ( build+s expressly design$ z a focus ( ! social activities ( village communities4 ,:e!r su* in/itutes become active c5tres ( social & educational "w w dep5d l>gely ^u ! degree 9 :i* volunt>y organizations ( v>i\s k9ds co-op]ate 9 utiliz+ ! opportunities :i* ! in/itutes pres5t4 ,x is cle> t a village in/itute c nev] become ! ma9spr+ ( organiz$ life 9 ! village unless ! organiz$ activities ( ! village c5tre 9 ! in/itute4 ,! success ( village in/itutes 9 ! future re/s ^u an appeal to gr\ps ( p ) common int]e/s1 r ?an to individuals4 ,x is because !y h1 9 rec5t ye>s1 begun to fl\ri% t we look =w>d hopefully to a vigor\s life )9 ! village in/itutes40 ,only let ! libr>y hold ! c5tral position 9 ^! rural in/itutes t x held 9 ! ,me*anics' ,in/itutes be=e ! ,public ,libr>ies ,acts1 & let ! num]\s libr>ies--& in/itutes--be knitt$ toge!r 9 active frat]nal union1 & ! ,committee's dreams may easily be accompli%$4#bf ,,footnotes3 #ah ,! ,adult ,education ,committee may h be5 ju/ifi$ 9 lay+ ! blame = ?is /ate ( ?+s on 8! want ( =esight ( ! orig9al promot]s ( ! movem5t1 :o assum$ t ! in/itutions w\ld appeal only to ! artisan classes ( ! l>ge c5tres ( population02 b !y 7 h>dly "r 9 go+ on to ascribe x m p>ticul>ly to _! mi/ake 9 all[+ ! legislature 8to re/rict ! exp5diture ( public money to ! product ( a p5ny rate40 #ai ,a ,report on ,libr>y ,provision & ,policy1 by ,pr(essor ,w4 ,g4 ,s4 ,adams 7#aiae71 p4 #ae4 #bj 8,prior to #aibj1 pione] rural s*emes _h be5 f9anc$ or assi/$ by ! ,tru/ 9 ! c\nties or areas not$ 9 column #8,a' bel[2 column #8,b' %[s ! c\nties to :i* grants h be5 sanction$ ?is ye>2 column #8,c' %[s ! c\nties ^: ,au?orities are 9 negotiation 7prelim9>y or advanc$7 ) a view to a grant40 ,a ,p]?%ire ,cai?ness ,montrose ,di/rict ,nott+ham%ire ,/af=d%ire ,wilt%ire ,gl\ce/]%ire ,buck+ham%ire ,dorset%ire ,som]set%ire ,york%ire ,village ,libr>y ,c>digan ,c>n>von ,brecon ,radnor ,d5bigh%ire ,montgom]y%ire ,gran?am ,di/rict ,we/morl& ,w>wick%ire ,b ,su!rl& ,clackmannan ,r5frew%ire ,=f> ,k9c>d9e ,midlo?ian ,b]wick%ire ,peebles%ire ,dumb>ton%ire ,k5t ,pembroke%ire ,glamorgan%ire ,we/ ,sussex ,*e%ire ,inv]ness ,c ,fl9t ,c>m>!n ,anglesey ,middlesex ,hamp%ire 7,isle ( ,wight7 ,hamp%ire 7,s\?ampton7 ,worce/]%ire ,nor?ampton%ire ,cumb]l& ,durham ,nor?umb]l& ,kirkcudbright ,nairn ,fife ,b$=d%ire ,surrey ,l9li?g[ ,%rop%ire ,cambridge ,isle ( ,man 7,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/1 ,sev5? ,annual ,report1 #aiba2 p4 #i47 #ba ,libr>y ,association ,record--8,! ,gl\ce/]%ire ,rural ,libr>y ,s*eme10 by ,miss ,a4 ,s4 ,cooke 7,feb41 #aiba74 #bb ,s4 ,b4 ,antrim & ,e4 ,i4 ,antrim1 ,! ,c\nty ,libr>y 7#aiad71 p4 #bch4 #bc ,total numb] ( vols4 accession$ 7,dec4 #ca1 #aibj7 #cg1cjb2 numb] 9 ! libr>y #cj1eig4 #bd ,j4 ,h4 ,fri$el3 ,tra9+ = ,libr>ian%ip1 p4 #ajf4 #be pp4 #ada-e4 #bf ,! "* ( ! be/ type ( village in/itute may be judg$ f ! foll[+ acc\nt ( ! ,nettleb$ ,work+ ,m5's ,club & ,in/itute3-- 8,p]haps ! mo/ orig9al feature ( ! equipm5t ( ! hall is ! provision ( a c9ematograph app>atus4 ,! provision ( picture palaces 9 all ,engli% villages w\ld be a d\btful advantage1 if !y %[$ ! bas] sort ( #8c[boy' & o!r s5sational films4 ,giv5 "s re/ra9t 9 ! *oice ( subject1 h[ev]1 mov+ pictures make w9t] ev5+s m *angeful4 ,dur+ #aiah ! c9ema 0 us$ v little1 b x is n[ runn+ e ,saturday ev5+1 & draws full h\ses4 ,mr4 ,flem+'s ma9 idea 9 in/all+ a c9ema at ,nettleb$ 0 to make use ( its educational possibilities4 ,! ,ox=d%ire ,education ,committee welcom$ ! provision1 z also did ! ,inspector ( ,s*ools1 ! m s because x ext5d$ advantages to ! s*ool *ildr5 ( six p>i%es ne> ,nettleb$4 ,! ,education ,code p]mits tea*]s to take ! :ole or "p ( a s*ool = rambles or visits to places ( educational int]e/ dur+ s*ool h\rs1 & films h be5 %[n at ,nettleb$ on c]ta9 aft]noons to a conc\rse ( *ildr54 ,! subjects ( ! pictures 7 *os5 to illu/rate geography1 hi/ory1 ,engli%1 & nature /udy4 ,a village club c conduct its #8c9ema dep>tm5t' by jo9+ a l5d+ libr>y ( films1 s t ! subjects c be duly v>i$4 8,! high] aspects ( village life h n1 h[ev]1 be5 neglect$ at ,nettleb$4 ,conc]ts1 lectures1 & dances are held 9 ! m5's hall1 :i* is laid ) a special danc+ floor ( oak1 fam\s ?r\gh\t ! di/rict1 & ?is is protect$ 9 ! ord9>y way by a clo? cov]+4 ,danc+ classes are held weekly = *ildr5 9 ! aft]noon & = adults 9 ! ev5+1 & are conduct$ by a lady resid5t 9 ! village4 ,an in/ructress1 "u ^: c>e ! "y girls 9 ! village & di/rict are taught cook]y1 laundry "w1 & h\sekeep+1 lives 9 a h\se ne> ! hall4 ,across ! road is ! s*ool g>d51 divid$ into "s f\rte5 plots1 ea* c>$ = by "o boy4 ,at ! back ( ! playgr\nd is an old build+ conv]t$ into a c>p5t]'s %op1 9 :i* ano!r section ( ! boys "w "u ! sup]vision ( ! village s*oolma/]4 ,all ( ^! bran*es are "u ! control ( ! ,c\nty ,education ,au?ority4 ,altoge!r1 x w be se5 t 9 ^! v>i\s ways in/ruction z well z amusem5t is provid$40 ,sir ,lawr5ce ,weav]1 ,village ,clubs & ,halls 7#aibj71 pp4 #hb-c4 ,v ,a ,,national ,,libr>y ,,s]vice4 ,c5tralization prov$ to be ! only way ( ext5d+ a libr>y s]vice to ! rural di/ricts4 ,no village1 unless ?r\gh ! l>gess ( a plutocrat1 c\ld build up & ma9ta9 any?+ wor? call+ a libr>y = itself4 ,giv5 a c5traliz$ sy/em1 "s sort ( s]vice c be run *eaply1 & a fir/-class s]vice c be run economically4 ,does x n foll[ t "s measure ( c5tralization w\ld be good = urban libr>ies1 enabl+ !m to save 9 c]ta9 directions1 & mak+ _! res\rces g a great deal fur!r ?an !y g at pres5t 9 ! direction ( wide/ utility8 ,! l>ge/ libr>ies h manag$ to be self-suffic+1 n m]ely because !y h m money to sp5d1 b r because _! s]vice is organiz$ on ! pr9ciple ( a c5traliz$ gr\p4 ,!re is a po9t beyond :i* x does n pay a libr>y to provide f its own res\rces all t its us]s may possibly require4 ,ea* libr>y mu/ det]m9e ?is po9t = itself4 ,! ev]yday wants ( its read]s ought to be satisfi$ on ! spot & at ! mom5t2 b to g f> beyond t po9t ev5 %\ld a local ,crsus provide ! :]e)al1 w\ld be extravagant1 entail+ surplusage1 ov]lapp+1 & wa/e4 ,sp5d+ money on books only 9 occasional reque/ is to sp5d too little on books 9 cont9ual dem&4 ,! libr>y ( mod]ate means _c pret5d to satisfy bo? daily & exceptional wants1 unless x is able to call ^u outside res\rces1 su* z a ,c5tral ,libr>y = ,/ud5ts develop$ to su* a capacity t x =ms a suffici5t res]voir = supplem5t+ all ! mod]ate-siz$ /ocks 9 ! c\ntry4 ,if mo/ ( ! urban libr>ies 7 br\ght into a co-op]ative network ( libr>ies1 ) me*anism = int]*ange by :i* ! book lack+ "h w\ld be suppli$ !re1 or else f a l>g] regional libr>y or a cle>+-h\se at ! c5tre1 obvi\sly a s]vice equal to ! pool$ res\rces ( ! :ole sy/em w\ld be provid$ )\t ! pres5t wa/e on ov]lapp+4 ,c5tral organization exi/s 9 ! big prov9cial cities2 t is ! reason = _! sup]iority1 & !y are sup]ior 9 a degree f> beyond t ( m]e size4 ,x does n exi/ 9 ,london2 t is :y s]i\s read]s mu/ h rec\rse to ! ,briti% ,museum or ! big special libr>ies1 to satisfy _! requirem5ts2 or if1 l ! great majority1 !y c r>ely d ?is1 !y mu/ g )\t4 ,london is ! mo/ gl>+ illu/ration ( ! vices due to m]e p>o*ial me?ods2 x suff]s1 n s mu* because its libr>y res\rces are limit$1 z because !y are n mobiliz$4 ,= c]ta9 purposes1 x has already be5 not$1 bo? ,london & prov9cial libr>ies ackn[l$ge ! economic value ( "s c5tralization4 ,?us e municipal libr>y has giv5 up buy+ books 9 ,braille type = ! bl9d1 & relies = ?is bran* ( its s]vice ^u ! ,national ,libr>y at ,we/m9/]4 ,a great _m subscribe to ! ,c5tral ,libr>y = ,/ud5ts1 & draw ^u t = books requir$ by speciali/ read]s4 ,a l>ge numb] help to provide ! funds = ! great ,subject-,index to ,p]iodicals1 :i* makes ! cont5ts ( reviews1 magaz9es1 te*nical & sci5tific j\rnals1 fil$ 9 _! ref]5ce dep>tm5ts1 available = in/ant use4 ,?is may n seem mu* comp>$ ) ! results ( jo9t ef=t or ( ,/ate sup]vision 9 ,am]ica1 :]e !y h co-op]ative catalogu+1 co-op]ative publication ( bibliographies & aids = read]s1 & elaborate facilities = pr(essional tra9+2 b x is a beg9n+4 ,! ,adult ,education ,committee c ?9k ( no way to end[ ! indu/ries ( ! c\ntry ) an adequate s]ies ( te*nical libr>ies except by c5tralization4 ,al?\gh _m libr>ians1 repres5t$ by ! ,libr>y ,association1 d n approve ( ! p>ticul> s*eme put =w>d1 !y are at "o ) ! ,committee 9 admitt+ t co-ord9ation ( ! sep>ate libr>ies & ! e/abli%m5t ( a c5tral supply is ! only way to solve ?is problem4 ,al?\gh1 h[ev]1 ! p>tial & unequal developm5t ( public libr>ies :i* ! ,adult ,education ,committee by a slip 9 _! logic put d[n to ! rate limit1 is due1 z ! report conclusively %[s1 to _! hav+ _h to /ruggle along 9 isolation1 x w\ld be disa/r\s to take ! control ( ! local libr>ies entirely out ( ! h&s ( ! local au?orities4 ,?is w\ld /ultify all ef=ts to inspire public op9ion & evoke local pride4 ,no in/itution 9 a civiliz$ society is m sure to be an expression ( corporate life & local individuality ?an a communal libr>y1 9 ! build+ up ( :i* ! actual us]s h _h a h&4 ,a sy/em1 h[ev] complete & effici5t1 be/[$ by a ,gov]nm5t dep>tm5t1 h[ev] b5evol5t1 w\ld be sure ev5tually to /ifle all su* aspirations4 ,! local communities 9 bo? t[n & c\ntry mu/ h a decisive voice 9 ! managem5t ( _! libr>ies4 ,!y mu/ h a l>g] voice1 n a small]1 ?an !y h _h hi!rto4 ,local initiative has nev] _h free play4 ,:y is x t public libr>ies r>ely excite t int]e/ & en?usiasm 9 :i* ! promot]s hopefully confid$8 ,! answ] is obvi\s4 ,libr>ies h suff]$ f (ficial repression1 & h n _h ev5 ! d\btful advantage ( (ficial tutelage4 ,if a t[n wi%$ to sp5d lib]ally on its libr>y1 x 0 pull$ up by ! rate limit4 ,if x want$ lectures1 ! ,gov]nm5t auditor put 9 8 veto3 he does s /ill4 ,& s ) any ( ! excursions f ! programme prescrib$ f above t w\ld h help$ to realize a high] ideal4 ,libr>y au?orities h be5 conf9$ to ! unimag9ative duty ( ex]cis+ circumscrib$ & inadequate p[]s1 & ! libr>y committee has enjoy$ ! lea/ pre/ige ( all ! c\ncil's dep>tm5ts4 ,m local control1 m p[]s ( initiative1 & m repres5tation ( ! actual us]s ( ! libr>y are ne$$1 if a vigor\s & useful life is to be ma9ta9$4 ,b ?is is fully compatible ) heal?y co-op]ation betwe5 ! diff]5t au?orities "u ! guid+ sup]vision ( a c5tral dep>tm5t4 ,"s au?orities may require a /imulus2 !y %\ld n be all[$ to victimize ^? among _! con/itu5ts :o crave ! v necessities ( civiliz$ life4 ,cases are n unkn[n :]e bor\gh c\ncils h fail$ to c>ry out1 or h delib]ately emasculat$1 a libr>y s*eme approv$ by a majority ( ! ratepay]s4 ,education is compulsory3 x is a "q :e!r "o ( ! *ief in/rum5ts ( education %\ld be at ! m]cy ( a local body to grant or )hold4 ,=1 s inconsid]able a place does ! libr>y take at pres5t 9 local politics1 ! av]age bor\gh c\ncil1 elect$ to manage ! trams1 ! /reets1 wat]1 electricity1 & o!r mundane affairs1 seldom repres5ts ! views ( ! citiz5 on su* a diff]5t matt] z libr>ies2 & ! committee appo9t$ by su* a c\ncil h>dly ev] repres5ts or is fully cognizant ( ! views ( ! p :o actually use ! libr>y4 ,=tunately1 ! times :5 a policy ( rate-sav+ at all co/s1 or ! selfi%ness ( a leisur$ class enjoy+ _! subscription libr>ies & n 9 fav\r ( too mu* education = ! l[] ord]s1 or ! int]e/$ opposition ( ! liquor trade & ! music hall proprietor1 7 able to keep out or keep d[n public libr>ies1 are gradually pass+ away4 ,!y h n gone altoge!r2 b x w\ld be invidi\s to "n ! two or ?ree di/+ui%$ bor\ghs :]e ^! influ5ces are /ill rampant4 ,! problem n[ is to br+ ! great cr[d ( "u-develop$ & "u-n\ri%$ libr>ies into l9e "o ) o!r1 to assi/ ! halt1 help ! bl9d to see1 & by s*emes = conc]t$ action enable all to rea* ! same level ( effici5cy z ! big t[ns h atta9$ )\t undue ex]tion4 ,a simple lic5ce to sp5d m ?an a p5ny rate w n secure ?is by itself4 ,reorganization on a co-op]ative gr\nd-plan w d z mu* z ! m]e exp5diture ( money1 & money w n be sp5t lavi%ly 9 ^! frugal days4 ,! m]it ( su* a reorganization is t s _m & s great values w be secur$ at a m9imum co/4 ,! mat]ial is 9 exi/5ce = an enorm\s improvem5t ( ! s]vices4 ,_h n ! sweep+ proposals ( ! ,adult ,education ,committee = mak+ ! local education au?ority ! libr>y au?ority be5 negativ$ be=e ! late ,bill came into ,p>liam5t1 ! het]og5e\s units t con/itute ! libr>y s]vice ( ,london w\ld aft] ! ,act ( #aiai h come "u ! unify+ influ5ce ( ! ,london ,education ,committee4 ,x 0 su* a ne> ?+ t we may pause to consid] ! probable results4 ,z already notic$1 libr>y developm5t 9 ! metropolis has be5 unequal 9 ! extreme4 ,c]ta9 bor\ghs are /ill de/itute ( a public libr>y sy/em4 ,! total numb] ( books 9 ! rema9d] is ab\t a million & a half4 ,all ^! metropolitan libr>ies are e/abli%$ "u ! same ,acts2 till rec5tly !y drew _! income f a uni=m rate 7except 9 c]ta9 bor\ghs :]e a high rateable value all[$ ! p5ny to be r$uc$ to a halfp5ny72 ! gov]n+ bodies are 9 ea* di/rict a committee ( ! bor\gh c\ncil4 ,yet ea* gr\p ( libr>ies is a di/9ct entity4 ,ea* au?ority is a law unto itself4 ,a ratepay] 9 "o bor\gh is n p]mitt$ to borr[ f ! libr>y 9 ! next ?\gh int]*ange ( privileges w\ld h be51 n m]ely a logical b a great economic advantage4 ,!re has be5 no consultation betwe5 ! au?orities to avoid ov]lapp+ 9 neighb\r+ ref]5ce libr>ies1 ?\gh correlative specialization w\ld h be5 easy & remun]ative4#bg ,e ref]5ce libr>y develops on individual l9es1 p]haps z a ,briti% ,museum 9 m9iature1 ) ! result t1 out ( a numb] mu* l>g] ?an ! total numb] ( bor\ghs1 n "o is above ! /&>d ( a second-rate libr>y 9 ! prov9ces4 ,"s committees (f] a cordial welcome to /ud5ts at s*ool or college 9 _! bor\ghs4 ,o!rs repulse su* /ud5ts unless !y are ratepay]s or at lea/ resid5ts 9 ! bor\gh4#bh ,! imm$iate advantage ( comb9+ all ! local libr>ies ( ,london & ,great] ,london into "o sy/em1 all available to any "o liv+ or work+ 9 any qu>t]1 & supplem5t+ ea* o!r by a simple me?od ( int]*ange1 is manife/4 ,! majority ( ! ref]5ce libr>ies %\ld be %ut up at once1 & ! space us$ = libr>y purposes t h hi!rto be5 neglect$4 ,provid$ t e bran* has a good collection ( quick-ref]5ce books1 !re is no ne$ = mo/ ( ^!--_m ( !m are legacies ( ! /ill m p>o*ial gov]nm5t ( ,london be=e ! pres5t bor\ghs 7 =m$4 ,a proportion ( ! cont5ts %\ld be us$ to augm5t ! /ock ( ! ,c5tral ,libr>y = ,/ud5ts1 :i* is n[1 9 a small way1 a c5tral depot = ! l5d+ libr>ies ( bo? ,london & ! c\ntry4 ,! rema9d]1 aft] all useless & obsolete mat]ial _h be5 s5t to ! de/ructor1 w\ld be br\ght toge!r to =m ! initial /ock ( "s six or eight really excell5t ref]5ce libr>ies1 s plac$ t e pot5tial read] w\ld be )9 ! radius ( a tram-ride4 ,six or eight l>ge c5tral libr>ies might be select$ = ! purpose1 & w\ld require little alt]ation beyond ! removal ( ! l5d+ dep>tm5t1 = :i* room w\ld h be5 f\nd else:]e4 ,:5ev] ! pres5t haphaz>d libr>y s]vice ( ,london is sup]s$$ by a unifi$ sy/em1 !re w be a possibility ( incorporat+ into x1 or associat+ z auxili>ies1 v>i\s public or semi-public libr>ies n belong+ to ! municipalities4 ,london is n poor 9 its biblio!cal possessions1 ?\gh badly s]v$4 ,9 #aiaj1 ,mr4 ,r4 ,a4 ,rye calculat$ t 9 ! public & adm9i/rative libr>ies & ^? belong+ to v>i\s in/itutions1 ,great] ,london _h a total ( eight & a half million volumes1 ( :i* "o & a half million are inaccessible to ! g5]al public4#bi ,?is gave a supply ( "o volume p] head1 :i* may be comp>$ ) ,b]l9's two volumes1 ,dresd5's ?ree1 & ! f\r p] head 9 ,p>is4 ,su* comp>isons1 x %\ld be obs]v$1 are n a matt] ( simple ari?metic4 ,a l>g] community may f9d its acc\nt 9 a small] relative /ock1 be t organiz$ = use4 ,a family ( five ) t5 books w\ld be badly (f4 ,a t[n ( #ej1jjj ) #ajj1jjj volumes w\ld be opul5t4 ,london1 ) a sy/em ( c5tralization & di/ribution compreh5d+ all ^! v>i$ res\rces1 w\ld probably be z well (f z any city 9 ! _w4 ,x is l>gely a "q ( realiz+ ! intellectual capital t is n[ pay+ su* poor divid5ds4 ,special libr>ies1 su* z t ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice1 ! ,national ,sci5ce & ! ,national ,art ,libr>ies at ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 ! ,public ,record ,(fice1 & o!rs1 l ! v>i\s economic & sociological1 hi/orical1 m$ical1 legal1 & o!r libr>ies atta*$ to te*nical or sci5tific in/itutions1 w\ld cont9ue to /& ap>t1 b w\ld /& 9 a def9ite relation to ! g5]al s]vice4 ,illu/ration3 ,,read+ ,,room ,,( ,,! ,,g5]al ,,libr>y1 ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,london4 ,! prop] balance betwe5 local control & ! sup]9t5d+ dep>tm5ts--& sub-dep>tm5ts1 if ! nation's libr>ies are reorganiz$ z sev]al great t]ritorial sy/ems--w\ld n be difficult to contrive1 s z to pres]ve & fo/] ! rights ( ea* community to self-expression4 ,x is n propos$ to "w ^! out 9 detail "h4 ,briefly1 ! functions ( ! c5tral bo>d w\ld be3--7#a7 to in/all & op]ate ! ma*9]y = int]*ange & c5tral supply1 ! latt] ultimately sup]s$+ ! =m] altoge!r2 7#b7 to see t ! local libr>ies & m especially ! selection ( books are ma9ta9$ at a prop] level2 7#c7 to und]take su* :olesale s]vices z catalogu+ & ! compilation ( aids to read]s1 "w :i* is n[ done ov] & ov] aga9 by individual libr>y /affs at great exp5se1 or else is neglect$2 7#d7 to organize & f9ance ! tra9+ ( libr>ians1 & see t !y are prop]ly paid4 ,ultimately1 libr>ian%ip might be organiz$ z a sort ( civil s]vice2 at any rate1 libr>ians ought to be z c>efully look$ aft] by ! ,/ate z are ! tea*]s4 ,_m o!r ent]prises ( va/ public b5efit c\ld be1 mo/ appropriately1 eng9e]$ by ! c5tral (fice2 = example1 ! publication ( l>ge editions ( non-copyright books 9 a =m suitable = l5d+ libr>y use4 ,bookb9d+ is ano!r item ( local exp5diture t calls urg5tly = mass treatm5t4 ,x is n propos$1 h[ev]1 t ! c5tral libr>y au?ority %\ld set up a b9d+ factory 9 opposition to ! trade4 ,?is w\ld be unnecess>y1 = x w\ld be 9 su* a comm&+ position1 z by f> ! l>ge/ pur*as] 9 ! m>ket1 t x c\ld dictate its own t]ms to publi%]s1 pr9t]s1 b9d]s1 & ev5 to pap]-mak]s4 ,! fact is1 ! reb9d+ ( books 9 public libr>ies might1 = ! mo/ "p1 be done away )1 if pap]1 cov]s1 & b9d+ 7 orig9ally design$ to /& ! we>4 ,z a lead+ au?ority on ! subject1 ,mr4 ,d\glas ,cock]ell rec5tly said1 8,publi%]s /ill design books to meet ! fancy ( ! casual buy]1 & v l>gely ignore ! requirem5ts ( ! libr>ies1 :i* are = _m books _! l>ge/ cu/om]s40#cj ,light1 fluffy pap] is select$ by publi%]s solely to bulk out books2 ! ?ick] ! book ! high] ! price4 8,n[ ! public may l to pay = fluff & w9d1 b ! libr>ian's int]e/s are directly oppos$ to ?is4 ,increas$ bulk means m %elf-room1 & ! use ( ?is pap] means t ! books w fall to pieces aft] a v %ort "t40 ,b our c5tral au?ority w\ld surely see to x t a book produc$ = libr>y use %\ld be pr9t$ on pap] ( good quality & cas$ 9 split bo>ds1 :i* 8%\ld la/ 9 ord9>y libr>y circulation until ! libr>ian is =c$ to disc>d x on acc\nt ( ! dirt x has pick$ up40 ,ano!r ne$ ( p>am\nt importance to all engag$ 9 ! pursuit ( k is t ! cont5ts ( ! num]\s p]iodicals produc$ ?r\gh\t ! _w1 regi/]+ advances 9 all bran*es ( sci5ce & rese>*1 %\ld be ab/ract$ & index$1 s t ! mat]ial %\ld be r5d]$ accessible or at any rate its exi/5ce fully kn[n4#ca ,m5tion has already be5 made ( ! ,subject-,index to ,p]iodicals1 9 :i* "s hundr$ & fifty p]iodicals are sy/ematically index$4 ,?is important und]tak+ 0 initiat$ "s ye>s ago by ,mr4 ,e4 ,wyndham ,hulme1 late libr>ian to ,h4,m4 ,pat5t ,(fice2 x has be5 c>ri$ on successively "u ! auspices ( ! 8,a!num0 & ( ! ,libr>y ,association4 ,x is at pres5t a heavy burd5 ^u a few devot$ %\ld]s1 al?\gh a v l>ge "p ( ! lab\r is p]=m$ by volunte]s2 yet its s*eme is susceptible ( indef9ite expansion1 if all ! requirem5ts ( sci5tific & te*nical work]s are to be1 ev5 approximately1 met4 ,x is em95tly a task p]ta9+ to ! libr>y1 ! univ]sity & college libr>y1 ! special libr>y1 & ! rese>* dep>tm5t ( all types4 ,7 !re a c5tral libr>y dep>tm5t 9 exi/5ce1 x w\ld und]take ?is z "p ( its ord9>y r\t9e4 ,x w\ld also und]take ! collat]al task ( prep>+ & publi%+ a union catalogue ( ! long sets ( p]iodicals ( all k9ds to :i* ! ,subject-,index gives ! ref]5ces1 & x w\ld indicate :]e ^! sets are to be f\nd4 ,besides ! index+1 x w\ld p]haps c>ry out ! fur!r b h>dly less valuable "w ( draw+ up & issu+ sy/ematic dige/s ( important new k conta9$ 9 ! le>n$ p]iodicals4 ,x has be5 rec5tly propos$ t ! ,briti% ,museum %\ld c>ry out ?is necess>y piece ( national "w1 ! co/ ( :i*1 sales be+ all[$ =1 w\ld n be excessive4#cb ,su* results1 h[ev]1 invaluable z !y w\ld be to ! :ole nation1 ?r\gh ! s]vices r5d]$ to sev]al classes ( work]s1 w\ld be only a by-product ( ! c5traliz+ & sy/ematiz+ process1 ! imm$iate object ( :i* w\ld be ! bett]m5t ( our libr>ies4 ,let u return !n f ?is digression4 ,9 ! middle ( la/ c5tury & t[>ds its end1 ,edw>d ,edw>ds & !n 8 biograph]1 ,?omas ,gre5wood1 bo? /at$ _! conviction t c5tral control 0 necess>y1 & t "o ( its mo/ useful in/rum5ts w\ld be sy/ematic inspection4 ,gre5wood quotes ! foll[+ f ,edw>ds3-- 8,if e ,libr>y 9 ?is c\ntry on :i* ! public has any fair claim1 c\ld be br\ght di/9ctly "u public view1 by a precise & p]iodical /atem5t1 compris+ at lea/ ?ree p>ticul>s3 7#a7 :at x is2 7#b7 :at x has2 & 7#c7 :at x does2 a long tra9 ( improvem5ts w\ld inevitably foll[4 ,b ! sy/ematic inspection ( ,public ,libr>ies to be effective mu/ be national40#cc ,he goes on3 8,! pres5t writ] is conv9c$ t !re w nev] be a full measure ( heal? & vitality 9 libr>ies g5]ally until "s c5tral control ( ?is nature is e/abli%$4 ,! l>ge/ & be/ ( ! public libr>ies d n ne$ x1 b w\ld welcome x to secure ! welf>e ( ! libr>y body politic4 ,b !re is a class ( libr>ies1 & x is to be fe>$ t x is n a small "o1 :i* s]i\sly ne$ to h light f ! outside br\ght to be> ^u _! adm9i/ration4 ,su* libr>ies are manag$ 9 a n>r[1 illib]al mann]1 ) rules :i* hamp] r ?an help ! public4 ,! /aff is select$ )\t reg>d to conditions ( suitability1 tra9+1 or m]it1 & e me?od adopt$ is ( ! tame/ & lea/ effici5t k9d4 ,only national & sy/ematic inspection c alt] ?is /ate ( affairs4 ,8 ,maje/y's inspectors ( public s*ools p]=m an effici5t & salut>y "w )\t curb+ local aspirations1 & simil> inspectors ( public libr>ies w\ld be able to c>ry out an equally useful task 9 connection ) ! municipal libr>ies4 ,b x is pla9 t no =m ( public ,gov]nm5t inspection w\ld be agreeable to exi/+ libr>y au?orities1 unless accompani$ by "s k9d ( sub/antial ,/ate aid40#cd ,gov]nm5t inspection ( libr>ies is n unkn[n 9 o!r c\ntries1 on bo? sides ( ! ,atlantic1 & appe>s to cause no friction b a _s ( good feel+ & mutual help4 ,x is c>ri$ on1 = in/ance1 9 ,canada1 & x is "o ( ! functions ( ! ,/ate libr>y commissions 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,! libr>ies accept x 9 ! _s :i* ,edw>ds saw w\ld animate ! effici5t libr>y au?ority1 &1 fur!r1 welcome x z a pot5t means = ext5d+ _! b5efits into regions hi!rto unrea*$4 ,9 ,ont>io ! ,m9i/] ( ,education is responsible = ! adm9i/ration ( ! ,public ,libr>ies ,act1 & assigns ?is "p ( 8 duties to ! ,public ,libr>ies ,bran*1 ( :i* ! ,inspector ( ,public ,libr>ies is sup]9t5d5t4 ,b 9 ,ont>io ! local au?orities are s :ole-he>t$ 9 _! zeal t ! en]gies ( ! ,bran* are ma9ly conf9$ to g5]al "w 9 ! int]e/ ( libr>ies1 to r\t9e inspections1 ! collection ( /ati/ics1 & ! paym5t ( grants4 ,yet1 x is admitt$1 ! majority ( libr>ians & libr>y tru/ees w\ld welcome a dem& = a m9imum /&>d ( effici5cy4 ,! ,am]ican ,/ate commissions usually include ! ,/ate libr>ian1 o!r pr(essional libr>ians1 prom95t educators1 lit]>y m51 libr>y tru/ees1 & bus9ess m5 int]e/$ 9 ! "w4 8,in/ead ( reg>d+ ) jeal\sy ! assumption by ! ,/ate ( p[]s l ^!1 libr>ians g5]ally welcome ! increase ( sy/ematic "w fo/]$ by ,/ate aid & control4 ,!y are active ev]y:]e 9 ef=ts to e/abli% ,/ate commissions1 :]e su* d n exi/1 & ! oppon5ts ( _! ef=ts are usually p]sons unfamili> ) ! mod]n libr>y movem5t1 or politicians :o see 9 su* action no b5efit to !mselves4 ,9 "s cases1 :]e legislatures h refus$ to enact a prop] ,/ate libr>y law1 ,/ate libr>y associations1 volunt>y bodies ( libr>ians1 h agre$ to initiate & c>ry on1 at _! own exp5se1 "s ( ! activities usually sup]vis$ & f9anc$ by ! ,/ate40#ce 8,a =m] ag5t ( ! ,massa*usetts ,free ,libr>y ,commission won = himself ! title ( #8! travell+ bi%op1' descriptive bo? ( ! e/imation & affection ) :i* he 0 reg>d$40 8,/ate libr>y commissions exi/ at pres5t 9 ?irty-sev5 /ates4 ,9 a few /ates su* z 9 ,cali=nia1 ,new ,york1 & ,utah1 ! ,/ate libr>y or ! ,/ate bo>d ( education1 9 lieu ( a libr>y commission1 ex]ts ! functions t su* a commission w\ld h40#cf ,! "q ( ,/ate grants to local au?orities is p]haps important1 b c]ta9ly n s important z "s critics w\ld make out4 ,equalization ( burd5s w\ld ( c\rse h to be arrang$4 ,yet1 on ! o!r h&1 !re %\ld be no?+ to prev5t a v ent]pris+ au?ority f sp5d+ a great deal m if x *ose on fur!r developm5ts ( its libr>y s]vice4 ,progress w\ld ultimately come to a /&/ill if !re 7 n ?is lib]ty2 uni=mity1 at any level1 is ultimately /agnation4 ,! ,adult ,education ,committee speak ( ,/ate grants to local ex*equ]s2 b1 app>5tly1 ^! 7 to h be5 calculat$ on ! measure ( a local au?ority's zeal 9 co-op]at+ ) educational "w 9 ! n>r[ s5se1 & n made a h&le = b5efic5t c5tral control4 ,x might or x might n be advisable to assi/ local ef=t or rew>d ent]prise by a policy ( grants 9 aid4 ,anyh[1 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t ! mat]ial b5efits ( su* a s*eme ( c5tralization z has be5 r\ghly outl9$ w\ld be tantam\nt to a l>ge f9ancial contribution by ! ,/ate1 ?\gh x %\ld co/ ! ,/ate no?+4 ,ap>t f equalization ( burd5s#cg &1 p]haps1 rew>ds = notewor?y effici5cy--or ! conv]se1 f9es or refusal ( grants = failures 9 effici5cy--!re seems to be little use 9 discuss+ :at proportion ( ! co/ ( our sy/ems ( libr>ies %\ld be defray$ by local rates & contributions f local au?orities & :at by ! ,/ate4 ,bo? rates & taxes come ultimately f ! same s\rce1 &1 s f> z t s\rce1 ! rat$ & tax$ individual1 is conc]n$1 he might z well sp5d 8 "t debat+ :i* pocket he %\ld keep 8 purse 94 ,inspections & grants f ! local ex*equ] w\ld1 obvi\sly1 g h& 9 h&2 b ! allotm5t ( grants w\ld c]ta9ly n be ! sole or ! pr9cipal end ( ! sy/em ( inspection4 ,if all ! libr>ies 9 ! k+dom 7 l9k$ toge!r 9 a national sy/em1 ! division into urban libr>ies & rural sy/ems w\ld to a l>ge ext5t disappe>4 ,a l>ge numb] ( ! urban libr>ies w\ld be absorb$ into gr\ps ( t[n & c\ntry libr>ies1 analog\s to ! ,am]ican c\nty gr\ps2 & l>ge rural areas1 ) small village libr>ies & a s]vice ( boxes1 w\ld h _! focus 9 new c5tral in/itutes easily accessible to read]s 9 ! vic9ity & available = occasional visits by /ud5ts at a great] di/ance4 ,_m popul\s areas w\ld rema9 mu* z !y are at pres5t1 ) "s increase ( facilities4 ,b1 in/ead ( "o ,c5tral ,libr>y = ,/ud5ts1 !re w\ld h to be1 soon] or lat]1 sev]al l>ge supplem5tal libr>ies 9 conv5i5t spots1 =m+ magaz9es supply+1 n individual read]s1 b ! scatt]$ libr>ies2 &1 probably ! ,briti% ,isles w\ld h to be divid$ = libr>y purposes into sev]al prov9ces1 ea* c5t]+ 9 "o ( ^!4 ,sup]vision ( libr>y activities 9 su* prov9ces w\ld devolve ^u regional committees1 elect$ by ! c\nty & bor\gh au?orities 9 ea* prov9ce1 ! c5tral bo>d ex]cis+ co-ord9at+ functions & c>ry+ out su* "w z is = ! g5]al welf>e4 ,^! c5tral supplem5tal libr>ies w\ld be built up l>gely by a c>eful r$i/ribution ( exi/+ res\rces4 ,!re is h>dly a libr>y ( any size t does n conta9 _m books :i* are v seldom us$1 books1 h[ev]1 :i* no libr>ian w\ld d>e to jettison1 because he kn[s t "s f9e day a read] is sure to come along to :om "o volume or ano!r w be ( priceless importance4 ,!re are _m o!r books s infrequ5tly call$ = t x w\ld be an imm5se conv5i5ce to /ore !m else:]e1 & utilize ! valuable %elf-space = books 9 cont9ual reque/4 ,books ( ?is sort %\ld be kept at ! supplem5tal libr>y1 duly catalogu$1 & ready to be s5t to any libr>y ?r\gh\t ! area s]v$1 :5 read]s require !m4 ,! supplem5tal libr>ies w\ld1 ( c\rse1 be always buy+ m books2 !y w\ld h to keep abrea/ ( ! late/ advances 9 all subjects2 b ! works j describ$ w\ld =m an important "p ( _! orig9al cont5ts1 & w\ld be transf]r$ to !m free ( co/4 ,local libr>ies are con/antly put to ! exp5se ( buy+ books = "o or two us]s2 su* us]s are1 no d\bt1 among ! mo/ des]v+ ( all _! cli5ts1 & x is b j t _! urg5t wants %\ld be satisfi$4 ,b x is a tax ^u ! capacities ( small libr>ies t %\ld be met someh[ else2 !y w\ld be sp>$ x by ! new sy/em1 & ! co/ ( ! supplem5tal libr>y w\ld be sav$ ov] & ov] aga91 ! local libr>y !n hav+ m funds to ma9ta9 ! /ock ( books 9 regul> dem&4 ,! pres5t ,c5tral ,libr>y = ,/ud5ts is a /ep 9 ! "r direction1 b x is only a /ep2 ! "w w h to be done on a v l>ge scale4 ,?is libr>y 0 an outgr[? ( ! ef=ts to supply /ud5ts att5d+ univ]sity tutorial & ,w4,e4,a4 classes ) books to c>ry on sy/ematic read+4 ,at ! end ( #aiae1 ! ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/ und]took to provide #fjj to assi/ 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( ! libr>y1 #b1jjj = additions to ! /ock1 & #djj ye>ly = five ye>s1 if #cbj 7 rais$ by subscription4 ,! subv5tion 0 aft]w>ds rais$ to #a1jjj a ye>1 & 9 #aibj ! issues ( books numb]$ #ae1ejj4 ,! ,adult ,education ,committee 7 deeply impress$ by ! exceptional value ( ! "w p]=m$ by ?is libr>y1 & propos$ t x %\ld be made ! nucleus ( a c5tral circulat+ libr>y to supplem5t ! local libr>y s]vice all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,) an assur$ income ( #b1jjj a ye> = t5 ye>s1 !y calculat$ t an annual circulation ( at lea/ #dj1jjj volumes w\ld be atta9$2 _! e/imate be+ bas$ on an e/imat$ co/ ( #as4 p] volume issu$4 ,! actual co/ ( ea* issue1 "u our pres5t b5evol5t po/al regime1 is consid]ably m4 ,! figure is n[ probably n less ?an #as4 #f;d4 ,add return po/age to ?is1 & y w see t1 aft] borr[+ a book two or ?ree times1 y might z well h b\ght x outright4 ,! me?od ( s5d+ out books s+ly is too exp5sive4 ,& a circulation ( #dj1jjj a ye> w\ld be a m]e drop 9 ! ocean2 any small prov9cial libr>y has an annual circulation ( at lea/ #dj1jjj2 a l>ge bor\gh libr>y sy/em 9 ,london expects an annual circulation ( ab\t a million4 ,! ?+ mu/ be done on a va/ scale to be wor? do+ at all1 & !n x c be done *eaply1 ev5 if1 z might reasonably be expect$1 ! ,po/ ,(fice decl9es to grant a l>ge rebate on ! transmission ( books issu$ f ! national libr>ies4 ,! prop] me?od is to make our c5tral libr>y or libr>ies an integral "p ( ! :ole ma*9e1 supply+ to all o!r libr>ies all1 or ne>ly all1 ( ! books t are n imp]atively necess>y on ! spot = ev]yday purposes4 ,!n ! issues f ! c5tral libr>y w n be 9 twos & ?rees1 b 9 l>ge bat*es1 & ! av]age co/ w be r$uc$ to an economic am\nt4 ,mr4 ,john ,mc,killop produc$ a workmanlike s*eme 9 #aijg = su* a supplem5tal libr>y 9 ,london z w\ld h provid$ all ! /ud5ts & o!r h>d work+ read]s ?r\gh\t ! tw5ty-eight municipal bor\ghs ) all ! books requir$ 9 ! mo/ exact+ c\rse ( /udy4 ,he propos$ t x %\ld be e/abli%$ by ! ,education ,committee ( ! ,london ,c\nty ,c\ncil1 s9ce its greate/ imm$iate effect w\ld be to supply /ud5ts ) exp5sive works n n[ )9 _! rea*4 8,) eighty-five municipal libr>ies already e/abli%$ 9 ,london1 x w\ld be useless duplication = ! ,education ,committee to und]take all ! "w ( regi/]+ borr[]s & issu+ volumes to !m & safegu>d+ _! return4 ,x is sugge/$ t ! cont5ts ( ! ,c\ncil's collection %\ld be l5t on application to ! public libr>ies & ! libr>ies ( educational in/itutions :i* c\ld !n l5d !m to _! cli5ts4 ,?is me?od w\ld avoid ! necessity = a v l>ge /aff4 ,! c5tral collection w\ld h z borr[]s m]ely ! eighty-five libr>ies & bran*es already e/abli%$1 & ^? :i* may be add$ f "t to "t by ! bor\ghs 9 ! future1 toge!r ) ! fifty or s polyte*nics1 & su* o!r ( ! in/itutions = high] education z may c>e to avail !mselves ( ! facilities (f]$4 ,9 any case its borr[]s c\ld n exce$ a c\ple ( hundr$1 & ?\gh ea* ( ^! might daily draw & return l>ge numb]s ( books1 ! cl]ical lab\r requir$ w\ld be b a fraction ( t necess>y 9 a small] libr>y1 :]e a l>ge numb] ( borr[]s )draw & return "o or at mo/ two volumes ea*40#ch ,mr4 ,mc,killop bas$ 8 e/imate ( co/ on ! numb] ( volumes conta9$ 9 ! ,pat5t ,(fice ,libr>y1 viz41 #aje1jjj volumes1 :i* compreh5d a v l>ge proportion ( mod]n sci5tific works4 8,if we take #ce1jjj z ! numb] ( volumes requir$ = a mod]n work+ sci5ce libr>y ( ref]5ce 7i4e41 exclud+ ! small] text-books & class-books71 & if we all[ f\r times ?is numb] = ! ne$s ( dep>tm5ts o!r ?an sci5ce1 we get a total ( #afe1jjj volumes z ! size ( ! collection4 ,z a basis to calculate ! capital co/ ( ! collection probably #es4 is too little & #ajs4 too mu* p] volume4 ,tak+ #gs4 #f;d4 z a work+ figure ! total co/ w\ld be ab\t #fb1jjj 7"o p5ny rate 9 ,london produces #aga1jjj74 ,b x w\ld be impossible to sp5d = ?is purpose wisely & economically su* a sum z #fb1jjj )9 less ?an t5 ye>s1 & ! collection c\ld be got toge!r ) reasonable rapidity by ! exp5diture ( n m ?an #aj1jjj 9 any "o ye>4 ,! av]age exp5diture w\ld probably be ne>] #e1jjj4 ,9 reg>d to adm9i/ration ! co/ w\ld be probably easily cov]$ by #e1jjj a ye> :5 9 full work+ ord]1 b w\ld be f\r or five ye>s 9 gett+ up to t figure40#ci ,if ! co/ ( ,mr4 ,mc,killop's s*eme 0 to be #e1jjj a ye> 9 pre-w> money1 we c h>dly expect mu* f #b1jjj a ye> n[1 especially :5 ! :ole ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 & n ,london alone1 is to be suppli$4 ,fur!r1 x is h>dly too optimi/ic to conjecture t ! numb] ( /ud5ts & o!r s]i\s read]s 9 ! population is a great deal high] n[ ?an x 0 9 #aijg1 &1 accord+ly1 t ! dem&s ^u our supplem5tal libr>ies w\ld be proportionately m exact+4 ,no1 ! ,adult ,education ,committee h n look$ f> en\gh3 a mu* bigg] s*eme is requir$1 & ! exp5diture ( mu* l>g] sums ?an !y contemplate4 ,b !re is no ne$ to be fright5$ by ! co/2 "o may safely affirm t ! g5]al economic sav+ w be 9 direct proportion to ! outlay on ! e/abli%m5t & upkeep ( ! exp]im5tal libr>ies4 ,:atev] is sp5t at ! c5tre1 w be f> m ?an made up by sav+s at ! circumf]5ce4 ,mr4 ,mc,killop put ! case ( ! /ud5t ( sci5ce & te*nology1 = ^: difficulties he felt mo/ conc]n1 al?\gh !re are num]\s o!rs ^: /ate ( de/itution is no less pitiful1 ) a cog5cy t _c be bett]$4 8,^! /ud5ts may be ei!r ^? ^: means enable !m to pursue c\rses ( /udy 9 ! spl5did laboratories ( ,univ]sity ,college1 ! ,royal ,college ( ,sci5ce1 ! ,city & ,guilds ,in/itution1 & o!r s*ools ( equal rank1 or !y may be "y m5 & wom5 ^: circum/ances compel !m to e>n _! liv+ by daily "w1 & h only access to ! culture & improvem5t (f]$ by ev5+ /udy4 ,:ile ! =m] presumably h access to ! be/ lit]ature ( _! subject 9 ! libr>ies ( ! in/itutions 9 :i* !y "w1 ! latt]1 al?\gh1 x is sugge/$1 %[+ probably great] devotion & sacrifice 9 ! pursuit ( k1 are deb>r$ by ! h\rs ( op5+ & clos+ f ! use ( ! magnific5t collections 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,pat5t ,(fice1 & o!r public libr>ies ( ref]5ce4 ,! polyte*nics1 x is admitt$1 d make great ef=ts to supply ! books requir$ by _! /ud5ts2 b x _c be cont5d$ t at pres5t !y c compete 9 ?is respect ) ! o!r in/itutions nam$1 :i* provide = ! /ud5t :o has all 8 day = /udy4 ,x is precisely = ?is latt] class t ! public rate-support$ libr>ies ( ,london ought to provide1 & x is a well-e/abli%$ fact to ^? :o "k some?+ ( ! inn] work+ ( ! public libr>ies 9 ,london1 t x is "o ( ! great s\rces ( discont5t among ,london's public libr>ians t insuffici5t funds1 & sometimes also unsympa!tic bor\gh c\ncil committees1 prev5t _! do+ m ?an is done = ?is class4 ,b !re are inh]5t difficulties :i* h to be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,london is n a unit2 x is tw5ty-eight indep5d5t units )\t ev5 a semblance ( f$]ation1 & x w\ld impose an insupportable f9ancial burd5 on ! ratepay]s if e "o ( ! tw5ty-eight bor\ghs 7 to attempt to supply1 ?r\gh ! public libr>ies1 ! books requir$ by advanc$ /ud5ts 9 sci5ce1 te*nology1 hi/ory1 lit]ature1 art1 & o!r doma9s ( /udy :i* c be pursu$ 9 ,london40 444 ,b :y %\ld ,london provide tw5ty-eight sets ( all ^! works8 ,!re is no probability t "o /ud5t 91 say1 ,b]mondsey1 & "o 91 say1 ,f9sbury1 w require ! same volume ( ! ,philosophical ,transactions at ! same "t1 &1 !re=e1 x is n necess>y t bo? ,b]mondsey & ,f9sbury1 & e o!r libr>y 9 ,london1 %\ld possess a set4 ,b !re is a probability t m ?an "o /ud5t 9 ! same bor\gh might require ! same volume at ! same "t2 = in/ance1 a tea*] at ! ,batt]sea ,polyte*nic might recomm5d ! half-doz5 or s /ud5ts 9 8 advanc$ class 9 *emi/ry to read "s classical memoir2 & ,batt]sea ,public ,libr>y1 to meet ?is dem& effici5tly1 w\ld require two or ?ree sets ( ! ,philosophical ,transactions1 :i* w\ld be an obvi\sly absurd arrangem5t4 ,! abs5ce ( any sy/em ( co-op]ation betwe5 ! metropolitan libr>ies r5d]s x impossible = !m at pres5t to co-op]ate 9 any way 9 meet+ ?is difficulty4#dj ,mr4 ,mc,killop w5t on to %[ t x might be possible = ! local libr>ies1 tru/+ to ! c5tral collection = an adequate supply ( :at may be call$ /ud5ts' works1 relatively seldom us$1 to "w ) a /&>d collection ( popul> works :i* w\ld be ! same 9 all bor\ghs4 8,:5 ?is po9t is rea*$1 x might be possible to h a common catalogue = all ! libr>ies4444 ,! way is1 9 consequ5ce1 easy = a local au?ority :i* decides to e/abli% a collection4 ,x c procure = a v small sum ! catalogue ( all its collection ready made on ! be/ l9es1 & all x has to d is to pur*ase ! books1 etc40#da ,)\t endors+ ?is idea ( /]eotyp$ libr>ies1 an idea :i* is obvi\sly contr>y to ! vital pr9ciple t a local libr>y1 if x is truly alive1 w by ! pr$om9ant "* ( its cont5ts %[ itself to be ! expression ( local individuality1 we mu/ admit t x op5s up sugge/ive possibilities4 ,ano!r proposal ( ! ,adult ,education ,committee lies op5 to m sev]e criticism4 ,?is 0 a project = assi/+ indu/ries & te*nical /ud5ts & rese>* work]s by sett+ up a great *a9 ( indu/rial libr>ies =m+ 8a te*nical libr>y sy/em = ea* indu/ry10 indep5d5tly ( ! municipal libr>y sy/em4 ,side by side ) ! latt]1 n yet1 & p]haps n ev5 !n1 organiz$ z a reciprocat+ sy/em1 !re w\ld be erect$ a complex & highly exp5sive s]ies ( special collections1 op51 app>5tly1 to memb]s ( ! p>ticul> indu/ries alone4 8,9 ! case ( g5]al libr>ies ! unit ( organization & adm9i/ration is ! local au?ority1 9 ! case ( ! te*nical libr>y sy/em x %\ld be ! indu/ry40#db ,! am\nt ( co/ly & unnecess>y duplication1 bo? ( cont5ts & ( ma*9]y1 9 su* a cumbr\s s*eme dumbf\nds ! exp]i5c$ libr>ian1 especially :5 he reflects t all ! libr>ies 9 ! k+dom c\ld be put on a sci5tific basis1 & all ! wants ( bo? ! g5]al public & ! special indu/ries amply satisfi$1 at mu* less ! price4 ,su* a s*eme mu/ obvi\sly h be5 fram$ by p]sons hav+ b a rudim5t>y idea ( ! libr>y arts1 or !y w\ld h ?\ght out a mu* m practical & economical plan4 ,! extravagant co/ & ! impracticability ( ! proposal h be5 expos$ 9 a special ,memor&um by ! ,libr>y ,association1 repres5t+ ! tra9$ libr>ians ( ! c\ntry1 :o1 /range to say1 7 n consult$ be=e ! s*eme 0 evolv$4 ,! gi/ ( _! criticism is conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ p>agraphs3-- 8,! ,libr>y ,association is n prep>$ to admit t ?is policy is s\nd or economical4 ,cle>ly1 ext5sive ov]lapp+ _c be avoid$1 because a l>ge numb] ( indu/ries require g5]al te*nical libr>ies & n special te*nical libr>ies4 ,= example1 ! motor indu/ry is special1 b a libr>y = t indu/ry mu/ conta9 books special to _m o!r indu/ries1 on metallurgy1 *emi/ry1 physics1 & o!r subjects4 ,an indu/rial libr>y %\ld comprise in=mation1 n only on ! indu/ry itself1 b on subjects & indu/ries 9 contact ) ! indu/ry = :i* ! libr>y is int5d$4 ,z a rule ! indu/rial & te*nical /ud5t1 unless he is a beg9n]1 ne$s in=mation j (f ! l9e ( 8 special "w4 ,h5ce1 libr>ies =m$ r\nd an indu/ry w t5d to become g5]al te*nical libr>ies4 ,few indu/ries are conf9$ to "o area4 ,birm+ham is usually reg>d$ z ! c5tre ( ! h>dw>e trade1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is spread widely ov] ! c\ntry4 ,a te*nical libr>y = an indu/ry mu/ h a c5tre & bran*es ) all ! ma*9]y ( int]-communication & ex*ange4 ,ev5 s1 ! books c\ld n be s readily accessible z by an ext5sion ( ! pres5t libr>y s]vice1 :i* has develop$ naturally 9 response to ! p's dem& = in=mation4 ,a bett] plan1 !re=e1 w\ld be ! prop] organization ( ! exi/+ libr>ies ( te*nical societies1 & an ext5sion ( ! pres5t s]vice ( public libr>ies1 ! te*nical collections ( :i* 7s f> z funds h all[$7 h be5 select$ to aid ! indu/ries ( ! locality4 ,! public libr>y s]vice is already ext5sive2 improvem5t on x is ess5tial2 b to organize ano!r p>allel s]vice w\ld be a regrettable wa/e ( money 9 view ( ! great ne$ at ?is "t ( obta9+ ! be/ te*nical libr>y s]vice at ! lea/ co/4 8,! ,libr>y ,association is /rongly ( op9ion t sci5tific & te*nical in=mation %\ld be freely available to p :o are n yet enroll$ 9 or :o are outside an indu/ry2 o!rwise t indu/ry w\ld t5d to be imp]vi\s to new ideas1 except f )94 ,!y e>ne/ly press = ! effici5t equipm5t & expansion ( ! exi/+ public te*nical collections1 & = ! f\ndation ( te*nical libr>ies1 9 l>ge prov9cial cities1 on ! l9es ( ! ,pat5t ,(fice ,libr>y 9 ,london40 ,! all-important "q rema9s to be discuss$3 ,if a c5traliz+ au?ority is requir$ to enable ! libr>ies ( ?is c\ntry to take _! prop] %>e 9 recon/ruction & 9 c>ry+ on civiliz$ life 9 an intellig5t & ord]ly way1 :o is to be ?is c5traliz+ au?ority8 ,:at ,gov]nm5t dep>tm5t is fit = su* a *>ge8 ,unless a new "o is to be creat$1 ! ,bo>d ( ,education obvi\sly has sole claim4 ,?is 0 ! unhesitat+ conclusion ( ! ,adult ,education ,committee4 ,! ,libr>y ,association1 ! memb]%ip ( :i* is made up pr9cipally ( sal>i$ (fic]s or elect$ repres5tatives ( ! pres5t municipal au?orities1 took al>m at ?is proposal1 & especially at ! coroll>y t ! libr>y au?ority %\ld be ! local education committee4 ,! objections are1 briefly & summ>ily1 two3 ,t ! int]e/s ( ! libr>ies might t5d to be subord9at$ to ^? ( ! s*ools1 & t bureaucratic control w\ld /ifle local int]e/ & local initiative4 ,b1 z 0 urg$ 9 ! *apt] deal+ ) ! int]action ( libr>ies & s*ools1 if ! ,bo>d ( ,education und]took ?is wid] responsibility1 x %\ld1 & d\btless w\ld1 become a bo>d ( some?+ m ?an s*ola/ic education4 ,libr>ies mu/ n be all[$ to take a second place to ! s*ools1 ! "w ( :i* at an e>ly p]iod ( life !y are de/9$ to transc5d4 ,let ! local education committee att5d1 z n[1 to ! s*ools1 :i* w be1 & %\ld be1 its fir/ consid]ation4 ,b let ano!r body1 appo9t$ def9itely = ! purpose1 p>tly no d\bt f ! same p]sonnel1 b well season$ ) co-opt$ memb]s repres5t+ ! wid] intellectual int]e/s ( ea* locality1 be responsible = manag+ ! public libr>y4#dc ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,oratory ,,libr>y4 ,am]ican libr>ians1 :o h _h exp]i5ce ( adm9i/ration ( bo? libr>ies & s*ools by bo>ds ( education1 are n 9 fav\r ( ve/+ ! control ( libr>ies 9 ! education au?orities4 8,too close an adm9i/rative connection 444 has n be5 b5eficial to ! libr>y 444 x has g5]ally be5 f\nd t :5 ! control ( a public libr>y is ve/$ 9 a body creat$ orig9ally = ano!r purpose x is reg>d$ z ( second>y importance & its developm5t is ret>d$4 ,x is bett] t ! libr>y %\ld h its own bo>d ( tru/ees1 & t ! two in/itutions %\ld co-op]ate 9 ! free/ mann]4 ,su* mutual aid is1 ( c\rse1 f\nd$ on ! fact t ! educational "w ( bo? s*ool & libr>y is c>ri$ on l>gely by means ( books4 ,t ( ! s*ool is =mal1 compulsory1 & limit$ 9 "t2 t ( ! libr>y is in=mal1 volunt>y1 & practically unlimit$4 ,x is greatly to ! advantage ( ! s*ol>1 & ( ^? in=mal processes ( tra9+ t are go+ on con/antly dur+ life :e!r he wills x or n1 t he %\ld =m ! habit ( consult+ & us+ books outside ( ! s*ool4 ,:5 books are ?\ght ( m]ely z s*ool implem5ts _! use is naturally ab&on$ :5 s*ool days are ov]40#dd ,simil> views 7 submitt$ by ! ,libr>y ,association to ! ,adult ,education ,committee4 ,"p ( _! resolution ran z foll[s3-- 8,! aim ( ! libr>y z an education in/itution is be/ express$ 9 ! =mula #8self-developm5t 9 an atmosph]e ( fre$om1' z contra/$ ) ! aim ( ! s*ool1 :i* is #8tra9+ 9 an atmosph]e ( re/ra9t or discipl9e'2 9 ! s*ool ! tea*] is dom9ant1 b ! pupil /rikes out 8 own l9e 9 ! libr>y1 :i* supplies ! writt5 mat]ial ^u :i* ! p[]s awak5$ & tra9$ 9 ! s*ool c be ex]cis$2 fur!rmore1 ! contacts ( ! libr>y ) organiz$ education cease :]e ! educational ma*9]y t]m9ates2 b ! libr>y cont9ues z an educational =ce ( national importance 9 its contacts ) ! :ole social1 political1 & intellectual life ( ! community44440 8,9 speak+ to ! resolution1 ,mr4 ,l4 ,/anley ,ja/1 =m]ly ,secret>y ( ! ,libr>y ,association1 develop$ ! argum5t--8,! "w ( ! libr>ian is %>ply contra/$ ) t ( ! tea*]4 ,! tea*] deals ) human mat]ial1 ! libr>ian ) ! writt5 record1 & only incid5tally ) ! p :o come to consult & use x4 ,b n only is !re ?is wide diff]5ce 9 ! nature ( ! mat]ial ^u :i* ! tea*] & ! libr>ian respectively "w2 !re is a diff]5ce ( imm$iate aim ( s basic a "* t "o is almo/ ! negative ( ! o!r1 & !re=e are !y p]fectly complem5t>y to "o ano!r4444 ,! libr>y & ! s*ool supplem5t & complem5t ea* o!r4 ,& ! virtue ( ea* is t x is n ! o!r4444 ,! mat]ial ( ea* is diff]5t1 ! aims are diff]5t1 & ! adm9i/rative ma*9]y ( ! "o has no real relation to t ( ! o!r4444 ,! resolution has a second !sis1 :i* is t x is aft] all only a portion ( ! libr>y field :i* t\*es education4444 ,we outgr[ ! s*ool2 we _c outgr[ ! libr>y40#de 8,we h exam9$ ^! argum5ts ) ! c>e to :i* ! policy ( ! ,libr>y ,association is entitl$4 ,! fir/ argum5t1 h[ev]1 re/s ^u a %>p di/9ction betwe5 ! libr>y & ! s*ool :i* %\ld n1 9 our op9ion1 exi/4 ,a s*ool is a m complex & _m sid$ in/itution ?an ! argum5t w\ld appe> to assume1 & its functions are too n>r[ly conf9$ by ! phrase #8tra9+ 9 an atmosph]e ( re/ra9t or discipl9e4' ,! class-room is b "p ( a s*ool4 ,o!r in/itutions--! work%op1 ! gymnasium1 ! play+ field1 & ! libr>y--are ess5tial features1 ea* ( !m mak+ its peculi> contribution to t self-developm5t :i* is claim$ to be an end ( ! libr>y4 ,! s*ool 9 fact1 is a community :i* fulfils its end ?r\gh a v>iety ( ag5cies ( :i* ! class-room is "o & ! libr>y ano!r4 ,! ideal s*ool is "o :i* seeks to aid self-developm5t ?r\gh ! m$ium ( #8discipl9e' on ! "o h&1 & by provid+ opportunities = ! pupil #8to /rike out on 8 own l9e' on ! o!r4 8,! anti!sis betwe5 ! tea*] & ! libr>ian is also1 9 our judgm5t1 too %>ply def9$4 ,p[]s are tra9$ by _! ex]cise1 & ! pr9t$ book is an integral "p ( ! equipm5t ( ! s*ool4 ,if ! libr>ian deals ) ! writt5 record1 x is b z a means to self-developm5t 9 ! s*ol>4 ,9 o!r words1 ! libr>y is "p ( ! educational fabric1 j z mu* z ! art room or ! s*ool cl9ic4 ,! s*ool & ! tea*] w p]=m _! true function only 9 s f> z !y ent] into ! close/ co-op]ation ) ! libr>y & ! libr>ian4 ,! latt] w fill _! real place only ?r\gh co-op]ation ) ! =m]4 ,bo? s*ool & libr>y w be immeasurably /r5g!n$ :5 ! artificial l9e ( dem>cation is oblit]at$4 8,x is sometimes argu$ t ! libr>ies w\ld lose by ! process & become subject to an ov]-rigid sy/ematization1 to :i* libr>ians are rightly oppos$4 ,?is attitude ( m9d appe>s to u to be bas$ on a want ( k ( ! /rong tr5d t[>ds great] fre$om & initiative )9 ! publicly provid$ s*ools ( ! c\ntry4 ,?is movem5t1 we believe1 w\ld receive a valuable /imulus f clos] association ) ! libr>ies1 )\t necess>ily impos+ a me*anical organization ^u ! libr>ies4 8,! provision ( *ildr5's rooms 9 libr>ies1 ! assembl+ ( books be>+ ^u ! "w & int]e/s ( /ud5ts1 libr>y lessons & o!r developm5ts & proposals w =ge /rong & necess>y l9ks betwe5 ! s*ool & ! libr>y2 b x is difficult to see h[ ?is intimate relation%ip c be g5]ally e/abli%$ unless !re is an organic connection aris+ f a s+le policy bas$ ^u ! complex ne$s ( ! pupil4 ,"u c]ta9 circum/ances ! frank int]*ange ( exp]i5ce & int]-relation ( int]e/s may be possible ) dual control4 ,b x is at lea/ op5 to d\bt :e!r !y w be g5]ally & p]man5tly atta9$ )\t a common adm9i/ration4 8,! second argum5t 9 support ( indep5d5t adm9i/ration = libr>ies is1 9 ! words ( ! resolution ref]r$ to above1 t #8! contacts ( ! libr>y ) organis$ education cease :]e ! educational ma*9]y t]m9ates4' ,! ,education ,act1 #aiah1 provides = compulsory cont9uation education up to ! age ( #af1 & ultimately #ah4 ,fur!r education ( ?is "* mu/ lead to a gr[? ( bo? te*nical & g5]al education beyond ^! ages4 ,!re is c]ta9 to be an ext5sion ( te*nical education aft] ! w>1 & !re w be a gr[+ dem& = non-vocational education to be met4 ,) ! latt] "q we %all deal at great] l5g? 9 our ,f9al ,report4 ,a great] call ?an 9 ! pa/ w und\bt$ly be made ^u our educational res\rces1 & ! necessity w arise = t close co-op]ation betwe5 educational in/itutions & libr>ies :i* is admitt$ly desirable 9 ! case ( s*ool pupils if ! s*ool & ! libr>y are to fulfil _! functions4 8,x is true t we _c outgr[ ! libr>y3 b x is equally true t we _c outgr[ ! s*ool1 9 o!r words1 t we _c outgr[ ! ne$ = sy/ematic education4 ,! :ole purpose ( our inquiries into adult education has be5 direct$ t[>ds =mulat+ recomm5dations bas$ ^u ?is tru?4 ,our inquiries1 fur!r1 ju/ify ! view t !re is a gr[+ recognition ( ! ne$ = education & an increas+ desire = x on ! "p ( m5 & wom54 8,b ?\gh ! public libr>y has an important function to p]=m 9 relation to educational in/itutions1 its activities travel beyond assi/ance to =mal education4 ,x exi/s to s]ve ! ne$s ( a public ) v>i$ int]e/s4 ,x mu/ satisfy ! requirem5ts ( ! s]i\s /ud5t2 b x mu/ also cat] = t l>ge class ( p :o are #8g5]al read]s1' & ^? :o g to books = recreation4 ,! unsy/ematic & recreative read+ :i* ! libr>ies h /imulat$ d n1 h[ev]1 x seems to u1 provide any argum5t = ma9ta9+ ! public libr>ies z an indep5d5t municipal s]vice40#df ,9 ! pres5t writ]'s op9ion1 ! di/9ction drawn by ,mr4 ,ja/ is a s\nd "o1 & is corroborat$ by ! reluctance ( ,am]ican libr>ians to plac+ libr>ies "u an au?ority prim>ily appo9t$ to adm9i/] s*ools4 ,b1 s9ce !re rema9s s mu* 9 common 9 ! aims ( ! two sets ( in/itutions1 if ! supreme au?ority 7 entru/$ ) a s*eme ( education 9 ! l>g] s5se--call x culture1 humanism1 or p]sonal developm5t1 s9ce ! t]m education smacks too mu* ( ! s*ool & college--!n x w\ld be logical & salut>y to put our public libr>ies "u a dep>tm5t ( t au?ority1 mak+ ?is responsible1 side by side ) ! education dep>tm5t 9 ! n>r[] s5se1 to ! supreme ,bo>d--:i* may or may n cont9ue to be call$ ! ,bo>d ( ,education4 ,dread ( bureaucratic control has become almo/ in/9ctive ) ?\ghtful p4 ,! habit ( work+ 9 wat]tight comp>tm5ts1 & repress+ e spontane\s activity t _c be =c$ into ! /rait-jacket ( (ficial r\t9e1 inspires obs]vant critics ) di/ru/ ev5 ( rural libr>y s*emes conduct$ on /rictly (ficial l9es "u education committees4 ,to put ! control ( bo? urban & rural libr>ies 9 ! preoccupi$ h&s ( ^? ^: att5tion is c5tr$ 9 s*ools1 discipl9e1 & organiz$ education1 w\ld be a bl[ at ! fre$om & ela/icity ( ! libr>y4 ,aft] all1 ! problem ( ! "y p]son is mu* ! same ev]y:]e1 & education may = ! mo/ "p be r$uc$ to a sy/em4 ,p :o h gr[n up & develop$ p]sonality1 h[ev]1 w n submit to h _! intellectual nutrim5t dol$ out on a sy/em4 ,!y mu/ h a say 9 manag+ & develop+ _! own libr>ies1 & 9 *oos+ ! books !y are to read4 ,! notion ( a ,libr>ies ,bo>d side by side ) & indep5d5t ( ! ,bo>d ( ,education w\ld f9d no support 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,nor are we likely to see ,/ate libr>y commissions on ! ,am]ican model1 ?\gh we may z well dige/ ! lesson f ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 :]e !y c]ta9ly "k h[ to manage libr>ies s t !y bulk l>ge 9 ! social consci\sness4 ,co-op]ation1 b n subord9ation1 mu/ be ! wat*word4 ,! dep>tm5t ( ! g5]al ,bo>d ( ,education *>g$ ) sup]vision ( ! national sy/em ( libr>ies w\ld conta91 besides ^? :o are educators 9 ! wide/ s5se ( ! t]m1 repres5tatives ( ^? v]s$ 9 ! gov]nm5t & ! actual adm9i/ration ( public libr>ies1 f ! ,briti% ,museum & ! univ]sity libr>ies d[nw>ds4 ,su* a comb9ation w\ld be less likely ?an ! m]e education committees ( to-day to negative ! proposals ( ^? :o und]/& ! ne$s ( libr>ies & ( ! p :o use !m4 ,! local committees w\ld likewise be well-season$ ) co-opt$ memb]s repres5t+ all ! v>i$ intellectual int]e/s ( ea* locality1 &1 above all1 repres5t+ ! actual read]s1 ! p mo/ conc]n$ 9 ea* libr>y's well-be+4 ,local initiative mu/ be welcom$1 n m]ely tol]at$3 x is ! vital elem5t ( progress4 ,9 betwe5 w\ld come ! regional committees1 *>g$ ) ! ma9t5ance ( ! c5tral supplem5tal libr>ies1 & ) all ! g5]al activities c>ri$ on ?r\gh\t ea* great libr>y prov9ce4 ,?us1 surely1 ! prop] equilibrium betwe5 ! c5tral co-ord9at+ body & local volition w\ld be safely e/abli%$4 ,,footnotes3 #bg cp4 ,am]ica3--8,9 t[ns :]e !re is m ?an "o libr>y accessible to ! public1 ^! %\ld rea* z soon z possible "s modus viv5di t w prev5t ! useless duplication ( any class ( lit]ature4 ,?is may usually be done by agree+ to specialize4 ,= example1 9 ,*icago su* an agreem5t has be5 made by ! ,public ,libr>y1 ! ,john ,cr]> ,libr>y1 & ! ,newb]ry ,libr>y4 ,! ,public ,libr>y specializes 9 g5]al lit]ature1 ! ,john ,cr]> 9 sci5ce1 & ! ,newb]ry 9 hi/ory1 economics1 & s on4 ,9 pursuance ( ?is policy1 ! ,newb]ry ,libr>y has ev5 transf]r$ to ! ,john ,cr]> its m$ical collection1 :i* _h rea*$ a consid]able size4 ,su* action is evid5tly a long /ep t[>d ! complete und]/&+ betwe5 civic in/itutions t is s mu* to be desir$2 & x des]ves ! highe/ comm5dation40 ,bo/wick3 ,! ,am]ican ,public ,libr>y1 pp4 #gc-d4 ,simil> specialization has be5 effect$ 9 ! ,a/or1 ,l5ox1 ,b> ,association1 ,academy ( ,m$ic9e1 & ,columbia ,univ]sity ,libr>ies 9 ,new ,york4 #bh ,!re are great irregul>ities 9 ! di/ribution ( ^! libr>ies2 = in/ance1 ! ratepay] 9 ,holborn has to walk on ! av]age #edj y>ds to get to a libr>y2 9 ,camb]well he w\ld h to g #a1jcj y>ds2 9 ,w&swor? #a1djj2 :ile 9 ! huge bor\gh ( ,woolwi*1 if x 7 all built up1 he w\ld h to travel ab\t #b1djj y>ds4 ,! majority ( ! bor\ghs1 h[ev]1 only expect _! read]s to walk betwe5 #ejj & #a1jjj y>ds4 ,if we consid] ! provision ( libr>ies 9 proportion to ! population1 we f9d t ! extreme v>iations are t ,hamp/ead supplies a libr>y = e #ad1jjj inhabitants1 :ile #ge1jjj inhabitants 9 ,/epney %>e "o betwe5 !m4 ,b ! dem& = libr>y facilities is n ! same 9 all ! bor\ghs1 = we f9d t :ile 9 ,hamp/ead #abe out ( e #a1jjj ( its inhabitants are regi/]$ z us+ ! libr>y1 9 ,%or$it* only #bi p] #a1jjj avail !mselves ( ! facilities :i* exi/ 9 t bor\gh4 ,! effect ( ?is is t ! numb] ( read]s p] libr>y v>ies consid]ably1 = :ile ,popl> & ,hamm]smi? %>e a libr>y or bran* betwe5 #a1bjj read]s1 ,/oke ,new+ton & ,*elsea are satisfi$ ) "o e/abli%m5t = #d1fjj read]s4 7,john ,mc,killop3 8,! ,pres5t ,position ( ,london ,municipal ,libr>ies ) sugge/ions = ,increas+ _! ,effici5cy10 9 ,libr>y ,association ,record1 ,dec4 #aijf47 #bi ,rye1 ,r4 ,a41 ,! ,libr>ies ( ,london 7#aiaj7--8,prelim9>y ,survey40 #cj ,9 a lecture at ! ,s*ool ( ,libr>ian%ip1 ,univ]sity ,college1 ,london1 on ,may #bcrd1 #aiba4 #ca 8,sometimes a discov]y ( vital mom5t lies conceal$ = _m ye>s 9 a little kn[n p]iodical2 ! mo/ /rik+ rec5t case is t ( ,m5del's exp]im5ts1 n[ ! inspiration ( ! mo/ productive s*ool ( mod]n biology1 describ$ 9 #ahfe 9 ! p]iodical ( a natural hi/ory society 9 ,brnn b buri$ until #aijj1 :5 a happy *ance reveal$ !m40 ,times1 ,june #bi1 #aiba--8;,index+ ( ,te*nical ,lit]ature40 #cb 8,a union catalogue ( ! curr5t p]iodicals pres]v$ 9 ! ,g]man libr>ies1 publi%$ 9 #aiad1 compris$ "s #ag1jjj entries4 ,a simil> li/ = ! p]iodicals fil$ 9 ! libr>ies ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom1 prep>$ 9 #aiad-ae by "s ,engli% ,/ate & copyright libr>ians1 0 submitt$ = publication to ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,sci5tific & ,indu/rial ,rese>*1 b ! proposal met ) no enc\ragem5t4 ,yet ! compilation ( su* a li/ is an ess5tial prelim9>y to ! prop] national organization ( k4 ,= a union li/ indicates ! relative /r5g? & weakness ( our national libr>ies 9 respect ( _! p]iodical collections3 x enables ! libr>ian to correct ! latt] )\t unduly increas+ ! exp5diture ( ! libr>y 9 t dep>tm5t ( lit]ature40 ,nature1 ,june #i1 #aiba--8;,co-op]ative ,index+ ( ,p]iodical ,lit]ature40 #cc ,edw>d ,edw>ds1 by ,?omas ,gre5wood1 p4 #acg4 #cd ,ibid4 #ce ,bo/wick3 ,! ,am]ican ,public ,libr>y1 p4 #bh4 #cf ,fri$el3 ,tra9+ = ,libr>ian%ip1 p4 #agf4 #cg 8,! am\nt produc$ by ! p5ny rate v>ies f bor\gh to bor\gh )9 v wide limits4 ,! weal?y ,city ( ,we/m9/] receives ne>ly #bc1jjj = e p5ny ( its impos$ rate2 ,k5s+ton comes next ) #i1ejj1 & ! o!rs fall gradually till we f9d t ,/oke ,new+ton receives only #a1djj4 ,b to e/imate ! burd5 x is necess>y to consid] ! produce ( ! p5ny rate 9 relation to ! numb] ( inhabitants1 & 9 do+ ?is we f9d t :ile e #a1jjj inhabitants 9 ,we/m9/] c raise = libr>y purposes #abh1 9 ! ov]-burd5$ ea/ & s\?-ea/1 ,popl> & ,camb]well c only raise #bj1 :ile ,/epney comes l[e/ on ! li/ ) #ai p] #a1jjj inhabitants4 ,b ?is does n express ! :ole ( ! burd51 = :ile #a1jjj inhabitants ( weal?y ,we/m9/] h ! p[] to sp5d #abh1 !y f9d t _! five libr>ies1 well /ock$ ) books & lib]ally /aff$1 co/ !m only #fe1 :ile ,popl>1 :i* f9ds six actually f\r e/abli%m5ts too little = its ne$s1 mu/ p]=ce exp5d ! :ole ( ! #ai p] #a1jjj citiz5s t x is enabl$ to raise40 ,j4 ,mc,killop3 ,! ,pres5t ,position ( ,london ,municipal ,libr>ies4 ,^! figures 7 put d[n 9 #aijg2 ! pres5t situation may be und]/ood f lat] /ati/ics4 ,! areas & populations are simil>4 ,,f ,l4,c4,c4 ,,london ,,/ati/ics1 #aiac-d4 ,*>ge fall+ on ,rates4 ,am\nt ,popl> #d ,libr>ies 4#ii #c1jhj ,k5s+ton #c 0 4#fa #e1ije ,we/m9/] #d 0 4#dc #aa1ghd ,,f ,l4,c4,c4 ,,/ati/ical ,,ab/ract1 #aibj4 ,assessable ,value4 #a;d4 produces ,popl> #hce1ehc #c1dhb ,k5s+ton #b1dea1cce #aj1bad ,we/m9/] #g1jaa1hde #bi1baf ,curr5t e/imate at ,popl>1 #h1cah to #b4ag;d4 9 4 ,popl>1 x %\ld be not$1 has "o ( ! mo/ effici5t libr>y sy/ems 9 ,london1 ?\gh ! build+s are n pret5ti\s & ! furniture is = use & n ornam5t4 ,to provide & "w ?is admirable sy/em some?+ l an economic miracle _h to be work$1 = s n>r[ 0 ! f9ancial m>g9 t z ! bor\gh libr>ian picturesquely put x1 if a few slates fell (f ! ro( ! co/ ( replac+ !m _h to come out ( ! book fund4 #ch ,j4 ,mc,killop3 ,pres5t ,position ( ,london ,municipal ,libr>ies4 #ci ,ibid4 #dj ,ibid4 #da ,ibid4 #db ,adult ,education ,committee3 ,?ird ,int]im ,report1 #bj4 #dc 8,! public libr>ies & museums %\ld be remitt$ to special committees ( ! education au?ority4 ,on ea* ( ^! committees x w\ld be desirable to co-opt repres5tatives ( volunt>y organizations & societies specially int]e/$ 9 ! "w ( ! committees1 su* z local educational bodies1 sci5tific societies1 & art clubs4 ,libr>ians & curators %\ld1 ( c\rse1 h direct access to _! respective committees & ! fulle/ possible scope = _! p[]s & special k40 ,adult ,education ,committee3 ,?ird ,int]im ,report1 #ef4 #dd ,bo/wick3 ,! ,am]ican ,public ,libr>y1 p4 #ie4 #de ,adult ,education ,committee3 ,?ird ,int]im ,report1 #ai4 #df ,adult ,education ,committee3 ,?ird ,int]im ,report1 p>4 #i-ab4 ,,vi ,,tra9+ ,,9 ,,libr>ian%ip ,! pione]s ( our municipal libr>ies 7 mo/ly m5 :o _h _h no exp]i5ce ( libr>y adm9i/ration1 & le>n$ _! craft & coa*$ _! assi/ants aft] /udy+ ! be/ type ( old] libr>ies1 improvis+ new me?ods to suit new circum/ances4 ,9 #ahgf ! ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association 0 f\nd$1 & 9 #ahgg ! ,libr>y ,association ( ! ,unit$ ,k+dom4 ,_! objects 7 fir/1 educational1 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( p]sonal int]c\rse & ! ex*ange ( in=mation2 & secondly propag&i/1 ! fur!rance ( ! libr>y movem5t4 ,9 "s ( ! l>g] t[ns classes 7 c>ri$ on = ! in/ruction ( ! /aff2 & 9 #ahhd ! ,libr>y ,association drew up an exam9ation syllabus1 :i* 0 a fir/ /ep 9 def9+ ! prop] qualifications ( a libr>ian4 ,classes op5 to any assi/ant 7 held at v>i\s c5tres1 & 9 #ahic an annual summ] s*ool 0 />t$4 ,! ,association next appo9t$ an ,education ,committee1 :i* be=e long co-op]at$ ) ! ,london ,s*ool ( ,economics 9 hold+ c\rses ( lectures1 conduct$ correspond5ce classes1 elicit$ simil> ef=ts f prov9cial bran*es1 & held ye>ly exam9ations4 ,c]tificates 7 grant$ 9 ! sep>ate subjects1 ,lit]>y ,hi/ory1 ,bibliography1 ,classification1 ,catalogu+1 ,libr>y ,organization1 & ,libr>y ,r\t9e2 & :5 an assi/ant _h tak5 ^! s]iatim he might obta9 a full diploma1 aft] he _h %[n "s k ( ,lat9 & ( a mod]n =eign language1 & writt5 an orig9al !sis on an appropriate subject4 ,! weak po9t ( ?is admirable programme 0 t x did n provide = sy/ematic tra9+ or ev5 = cont9u\s /udy4 ,p]haps x 0 an initial mi/ake to aw>d c]tificates 9 s+le subjects1 = ! majority ( ^? ga9+ su* c]tificates nev] approa*$ ! f9al /age1 & 9 a doz5 ye>s less ?an a doz5 c&idates won ! diploma4 ,b ! /&>d ( ! qualifications _h to be adapt$ to ! educational level ( ! ord9>y libr>y assi/ant1 & to ! extreme disadvantages "u :i* he lab\r$4 ,8 h\rs 7 long1 8 pay 0 l[1 &1 p5ny rate libr>ies be+ uni=mly und]/aff$1 he c\ld n be sp>$ to att5d _m classes1 ev5 if any 7 held 9 8 neighb\rhood4 ,! diploma s*eme ( ! ,libr>y ,association is /ill 9 be+1 & provides an alt]native me?od ( qualify+ = pr(essional c]tificates to work+ assi/ants :o are unable to b5efit by ! tra9+ sy/em next to be describ$4 ,dur+ ! w>1 :il/ ! ,adult ,education ,committee 7 try+ to f9d a place = libr>ies 9 a compreh5sive plan ( recon/ruction1 ! ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/ees 7 9 consultation ) ! ,libr>y ,association on ! "q ( a m ?or\gh sy/em ( tra9+4 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,london ,s*ool ( ,libr>ian%ip came into exi/5ce z ! outcome ( ^! conf]5ces 9 #aiai1 a few mon?s be=e ! new ,act4 ,?is 0 a mom5t\s ev5t 9 ! hi/ory ( ! pr(ession4 ,! ,s*ool is a dep>tm5t ( ,univ]sity ,college1 ! l>ge/ s*ool ( ! ,univ]sity2 its curriculum fits into ! s*eme ( ! ,faculty ( ,arts2 ! /ud5ts p>ticipate 9 ! social & intellectual life ( ! college4 ,?us x is n a sep>ate vocational in/itution1 l ! majority ( ! ,am]ican libr>y s*ools1 b "p ( a great f\ndation d$icat$ to ! lib]al arts & sci5ces4 ,! normal c\rse ( tra9+ occupies two ye>s1 & /ud5ts mu/ devote _! :ole "t to lectures1 private /udy1 & practical "w2 b = ! b5efit ( assi/ants :o _c ?r[ up _! occupation1 & also ( booksell]s1 publi%]s' assi/ants1 & o!rs desir\s ( kn[+ some?+ ( libr>y economy & useful subjects l classification & index+1 "p-"t att5dance is all[$1 by :i* ! tra9+ is spread ov] a p]iod v>y+ f ?ree to five ye>s4 ,b x mu/ be cont9u\s4 ,?is & ! ?or\ghness ( a college tra9+1 c\pl$ ) ! initial requirem5t ( a g5]al education ( matriculation /&>d1 make ! adv5t ( ! s*ool a great /ride =w>d4 ,9 "t1 ! tra9+ may develop into a po/graduate c\rse1 & in/ruction may be giv5 9 a s]ies ( advanc$ subjects1 su* z ,hi/orical ,bibliography & ! ,bibliography & ,hi/ory ( ,s*ol>%ip1 ,lat91 ,greek1 ,biblical1 ,celtic1 ,romance1 ,teutonic & ,sc&9avian1 c\rses :i* ! pres5t writ] 0 able to introduce z possible subjects = /udy & rese>* into ! ,libr>y ,association's syllabus1 :5 he 0 ,hon4 ,secret>y ( _! ,education ,committee4 ,! gr[+ complexity & div]sity ( libr>y "w & ! multiplication ( te*nical & o!r special libr>ies call = new types ( libr>ian4 ,! adm9i/rator ( a l>ge urban or rural sy/em mu/ be a highly educat$ & _m-sid$ p]son4 ,k ( ! relative values ( books on an imm5se range ( subjects is h>dly m necess>y ?an ability to help o!r p]sons1 n only to select ! "r k9d ( books1 b also to read1 n at a v5ture1 b me?odically4 ,! able libr>ian mu/ h a wide comp>ative acqua9tance ) ! cont5ts & ! te*nique ( _m libr>ies4 ,he1 or p]haps %e--= wom5 are at lea/ z well-fitt$ z m5 = almo/ any k9d ( libr>y "w--mu/ be a compet5t organiz]1 a good judge & controll] ( o!rs1 & "o :o c infuse ke5ness & int]e/4 ,x is a tradition t he %\ld be a ma/] ( ! sup]ficial1 a comp5dium ( second-h& le>n+1 kn[+ some?+ ab\t ev]y?+2 b t x w\ld detract f 8 qualifications z a k9d ( walk+ index to univ]sal k1 if he knew too mu* ab\t any?+ 9 p>ticul>4 ,?is is an inhuman & impossible ideal4 ,! (t-quot$ dictum ( ,m>k ,pattison t ! libr>ian :o reads is lo/1 unless x be wantonly int]pret$ t we h lo/ ! well-read libr>ian1 is a mi/ak5 w>n+4 ,"o mu/ h a hobby = m]e vitality's sake2 &1 unless we specialize 9 some?+1 we %all n ev5 "k :at k is ab\t any?+4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by ,langley ,sons ,,univ]sity ,,college1 ,,g5]al ,,libr>y4 ,! corn]-/one ( ! edifice is ! sci5ce & art ( book selection4 ,! libr>ian mu/ be a fir/-class judge ( books1 & ( books = def9ite use4 ,he is to be ! guide & c\nsellor ( innum]able read]s2 ! inspir] ( untold ?\s&s m4 ,he %\ld be ready at a mom5t's notice to deliv] a lecture on ! art ( read+1 &1 ) reasonable "t = prep>+ 8 notes1 to conduct a tutorial class or at any rate lead a read+ circle4 ,"s specialization w give him a good />t on ei!r run4 ,a m]e smatt]+ is n ( mu* use 9 ?is bran* ( libr>y ext5sion "w4 ,?us ! desid]atum is an appropriate bl5d ( g5]al & special accompli%m5ts1 & !re is no "q z to :i* %\ld be acquir$ fir/4 ,entrants to ! ,s*ool ( ,libr>ian%ip are expect$ to h matriculat$ be=eh&3 if !y aim at academic hon\rs1 !y %\ld take _! degree be=e !y specialize 9 pr(essional subjects4 ,_m ( ! pres5t /ud5ts are pursu+ libr>ian%ip z a po/graduate c\rse3 ?is may become a g5]al rule z ! programme ( /udies is enl>g$4 ,! ,univ]sity has rec5tly all[$ ! c\rse to be tak5 z ! f9al /age 9 a degree c\rse1 "u c]ta9 regulations4 ,"s ,am]ican libr>y s*ools h highly specializ$ curricula2 ! ,c>negie ,libr>y ,s*ool ( ,pittsburg1 = in/ance1 has c\rses 9 ,libr>y ,"w ) ,*ildr5 & ,s*ool ,libr>y ,"w2 & at ,wa%+ton1 9 association ) ! ,s*ool = ,secret>ies1 !re is a ,tra9+ ,s*ool = ,bus9ess ,libr>ians4 ,high s*ool or college graduation is usually requir$ = admission1 & 9 ! libr>y s*ools at ,syracuse ,univ]sity & ! ,univ]sity ( ,wiscons9 !re are c\rses lead+ to a degree4 ,too mu* specialization 9 ! libr>y s*ool itself is n desirable4 ,! be/ libr>ian = a te*nical1 sci5tific1 hi/orical1 or o!r special libr>y is "o :o has tak5 ! ,b4,sc41 ,b4,eng41 or hon\rs ,s*ools1 & !n foll[$ a c\rse 9 ,libr>ian%ip4 ,libr>ian%ip is n a sci5ce1 not)/&+ ! fact t a numb] ( ! ,am]ican libr>y s*ools call !mselves s*ools ( libr>y sci5ce1 & t a baccalaureate is grant$ 9 ?is1 b an art4 ,x is ! application ( k1 k :i* mu/ be atta9$ fir/2 education mu/ h prec$$ tra9+4 ,t is a r\gh-&-ready way ( putt+ x2 b su* is ! ma9 pr9ciple t %\ld guide u 9 draw+ up a c\rse 9 libr>ian%ip4 ,bo? 9 ,engl& & 9 ,am]ica1 two ord]s ( libr>ians & libr>y assi/ants are t5d+ to become cle>ly diff]5tiat$1 on ! analogy ( ! two ord]s 9 ! ,civil ,s]vice4 ,on ! "o h& are ^? :o enjoy$ a lib]al education & h supplem5t$ ?is ) a fir/-class te*nical tra9+2 on ! o!r1 ^? :o _h a poor />t educationally4 ,! latt] may by intellig5ce & p]sev]ance cat* ! =m] up2 !re w be no wat]tight p>titions betwe5 ! classes4 ,b ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m w become m & m acc5tuat$ z libr>y activities become m complex & m specializ$4 ,9 "o way1 a s*ool ( libr>ian%ip =ms a m$ium betwe5 ! two grades2 x may enable an en]getic man or woman to ov]come ! disadvantages ( a poor />t 9 life2 9 ano!r way1 x helps to diff]5tiate ! classes1 ^? p]sons :o proce$ successfully ?r\gh ! c\rses & w9 diplomas go+ automatically into ! high] class1 & ^? :o fail to atta9 m ?an a few odd c]tificates1 into ! l[] grade4 ,! ma9 det]m9+ factor is to h enjoy$ or to h miss$ a good prelim9>y education1 compris+ a k ( languages & fair g5]al culture4 ,! pres5t curriculum ( ! ,s*ool ( ,libr>ian%ip is z foll[s3-- 7i47 ,engli% ,composition4 7ii47 99,lat9 or ,greek or ,sanskrit or ,classical ,arabic4 7iii47 99,a ,mod]n ,language o!r ?an ,engli%4 7iv47 ,bibliography4 7v47 ,libr>y ,organization 7includ+ ,public ,libr>y ,law74 7vi47 ,libr>y ,r\t9e4 7vii47 ,catalogu+ & ,index+4 7viii47 ,lit]>y ,hi/ory & ,book ,selection4 7ix47 ,classification4 7x47 ,palography & ,ar*ives4 ,9 ! purely te*nical subjects1 ! in/ruction is p>tly !oretic & p>tly practical4 ,! /ud5ts are set to "w1 "u exp]t sup]vision1 catalogu+ sections ( a libr>y2 !y classify masses ( books1 & p]=m ^u !m v>i\s r\t9e processes2 !y are giv5 m$ival ,engli%1 ,lat91 & ,norman-,fr5* docum5ts to deciph] & translate1 m$ival manuscripts to catalogue & cal5d>4 ,!y wat* bookb9d+ demon/rations1 & are %[n1 n only h[ a book is b\nd well1 b also h[ ! job is done 9 a %oddy way by di%one/ b9d]s4 ,sk9s ( ! f9e/ quality & o!r bookb9d+ mat]ials are hang+ up 9 ! s*ool1 & all sorts ( libr>y app>atus & equipm5t are on exhibition4 ,dur+ ! long vacation ! /ud5ts are expect$ to "w z volunt>y assi/ants 9 libr>ies ( ! mo/ mod]n type1 & no opportunity = practical exp]i5ce or = see+ ?+s actually be+ done is neglect$4 ,lectures on su* phases ( ! prescrib$ subjects z libr>y ar*itecture1 rural libr>y sy/ems1 libr>y "w ) *ildr51 te*nical & comm]cial libr>ies1 & libr>y ext5sion1 are cont9ually be+ giv5 by special au?orities n on ! regul> /aff4 ,! /ud5t :o is n a graduate mu/ pass exam9ations 9 all ! t5 subjects set out above1 be=e he c receive ! diploma2 ! graduate may be exempt$ f ! fir/ ?ree4 ,^? c&idates :o h n held sal>i$ (fices 9 approv$ libr>ies d n receive ! ,diploma until !y h done at lea/ "o ye>'s "w 9 su* capacity4 ,x is app>5t1 !n1 t ! c\rse is p>tly g5]al & p>tly te*nical2 &1 :e!r ! entrant is a graduate or n1 !re is no escap+ ! basic requirem5t1 a good g5]al education1 or ! o!r ess5tial1 practical exp]i5ce4 ,am]ica _h libr>y s*ools ?irty ye>s be=e ,great ,brita92 !re are n[ eighte5 libr>y s*ools 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates1 sev]al requir+ a college degree be=e admission1 "s qualify+ _! alumni = a degree 9 libr>y sci5ce4 ,o!r ag5cies = tra9+ libr>ians are appr5tice classes & summ] s*ools2 & ! tra9+ ^! la/ provide is m cont9u\s & ?or\gh ?an is af=d$ by ! same k9d ( in/itution 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,c]ta9 g5]al colleges1 also1 hold c\rses 9 bibliography1 palography1 & k9dr$ subjects1 useful n only to ! libr>ian b also to ! rese>* /ud5t4 ,g]many1 ,italy1 & ,sw$5 prec$$ u 9 ! e/abli%m5t ( libr>y s*ools1 ! fir/-nam$ 9 #ahfa4 ,france exact$ te*nical qualifications f c&idates = univ]sity libr>ies 9 #ahgi4 ,holl& has a libr>y s*ool1 & #aibj saw "o />t$ 9 ,cze*oslovakia4 ,all ^! are ,gov]nm5t or univ]sity f\ndations4 ,if our libr>ies become a national conc]n1 tra9+ 9 libr>ian%ip w necess>ily be an affair = ! community to regulate & f9ance4 ,old-fa%ion$ libr>y committees & libr>ians /ill exi/ :o are well cont5t ) ! libr>y assi/ant t1 z !y put x1 8has gone ?r\gh ! mill10 9 o!r words1 a p]son )\t any education wor? m5tion+ & )\t tra9+ 9 any real s5se1 :o has le>n$ 8 "w by hav+ _h to d x & nev] /udi$ ! :y or ! :]e=e ( libr>y practice4 ,!re are /ill libr>ians :o reg>d libr>ian%ip z simply a job l any o!r job1 :i* has got to be c>ri$ on & incid5tally f9d "s "o a b]?2 & :o feel aggriev$ if call$ ^u to furni% any?+ beyond ! mo/ rudim5t>y s]vice--l5d+ & ref]5ce libr>y & read+ room--& reg>d any sort ( libr>y ext5sion z incipi5t bol%evism4 ,committees & libr>ians ( ?is /amp actually pref] ! un$ucat$ junior1 ! y\?1 t is1 :o has enjoy$ no?+ m lib]al ?an prim>y s*ool+2 :]eas ! intellig5t & progressive committee or libr>ian w\ld r appo9t1 ev5 to a s5ior po/1 a well-educat$ p]son :o has to le>n 8 duties1 ?an "o poorly educat$ yet hav+ _h a great deal ( practical exp]i5ce4 ,! =m] w\ld h to sp5d "s "t 9 pick+ up ! ways ( a new po/1 b1 giv5 equal abilities1 he w\ld %[ himself ! bett] man 9 a brief space ( "t4 ,p]haps a m insidi\s dang] ?an ?is survival ( ! obsolete is ! view1 to :i* all adm9i/rators ( sy/ems are apt to fall a prey1 t high me*anical effici5cy is ! be-all & end-all ( libr>y economy4 ,p]fect & smoo?-runn+ ma*9]y is an admirable ?+2 x w c]ta9ly be "o ( ! *>act]i/ics ( e libr>y sy/em t a*ieves complete success4 ,b !re are elem5ts /ill m ess5tial1 :i* _c be secur$ by ! pursuit ( m]e me*anical p]fection4 ,to put me*anism & me*anical organization fir/1 k & ideas second1 is z bad a mi/ake z crass cont5t ) ! old1 inadequate s]vice4 ,! dang] ( be+ dom9at$ by me*anism is1 9 tru?1 z real a dang] 9 ! _w ( libr>ies z ev] x 0 9 ,ere:on4 8,true1 f a l[ mat]iali/ic po9t ( view1 x w\ld seem t ^? ?rive be/ :o use ma*9]y :]ev] its use is possible ) pr(it2 b ?is is ! art ( ! ma*9es--!y s]ve t !y may rule40#dg ,?is v dang] is already app>5t1 x has be5 not$1 9 "s ( ! rural sy/ems sup]9t5d$ by bureaucratic directors ( education4 ,_! crit]ion ( effici5cy is uni=mity1 9 me?od & results4 ,b uni=mity is ( no value except z a m>k ( excell5ce or fitness4 ,:5 uni=mity is s\ght = its own sake1 x is b\nd to /ultify aspiration & suppress spontaneity4 ,9 ! e>li] days ( ! public libr>y1 !re 7 libr>ians :o ?\ght t !y _h a*iev$ immortal fame by inv5t+ t surpris+ piece ( me*anism1 ! indicator4 ,libr>y progress = decades 0 *eck$ by ! indicator & ! repressive =m ( organization ( :i* x 0 ! symbol1 ! clos$ libr>y4 ,to infuse a new _s into ! read+ & ! non-read+ public w d inf9itely m = ! future ( libr>ies ?an any am\nt ( me*anical effici5cy4 ,t is ! reason :y ! ,s*ool ( ,libr>ian%ip has erect$ its c\rse ( pr(essional tra9+ on ! broad base ( a lib]al education4 ,?is is no slight to ! te*nique ( libr>ian%ip2 b means t te*nique mu/ be ! s]vant1 n ! ma/]1 & t ma*9]y w be us$ be/ if ^? :o control x h intellig5ce & vision4 ,& :y %\ld tra9+ 9 libr>ian%ip be conf9$ entirely to libr>ians8 ,x has (t5 be5 urg$ t bibliography %\ld be taught 9 s*ools4 ,book selection1 index+1 classification1 9 %ort1 mo/ ( ! pr(essional subjects1 are elem5ts ( a g5]al tra9+ 9 organization & 9 me?ods ( /udy & rese>*4 ,:5 !re comes ab\t a ?or\gh correlation betwe5 libr>ies & s*ools1 "y p w1 z a matt] ( c\rse1 acquire ! rudim5ts ( ! libr>y arts4 ,s9ce ! *ild1 z soon z he leaves s*ool1 w h to pursue 8 intellectual activities *iefly ?r\gh ! m$ium ( books1 he %\ld be taught some?+ ab\t bibliography1 at any rate ! maxims & me?ods ( book selection4 ,self-education to-day is r5d]$ m difficult & unc]ta9 by ! v multiplicity ( books t solicit att5tion4 ,ev5 advanc$ univ]sity /ud5ts are surpris+ly ignorant ( ! means = asc]ta9+ ! nature & relative value ( ! lit]ature ( ! subjects !y are work+ on4 ,a ?or\gh gr\nd+ 9 book-selection & c]ta9 o!r ( ! libr>y arts might "w a re=mation 9 ! newspap] _w3 x is a po9t = ! att5tion ( s*ools ( j\rnalism4 ,imag9e ! results if !re 7 a ref]5ce libr>y ( high quality 9 e (fice & e report] & sub-editor _h be5 tra9$ 9 us+ x accurately4 ,no "o is compet5t to be a guide 9 intellectual matt]s or a disp5s] ( k :o is n engag$ 9 a cont9ual process ( self-education4 ,! value ( a k ( libr>ian%ip to ! layman is recogniz$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates3 9 #aiad n9ety-"o ,am]ican colleges gave c\rses 9 :at is !re call$ libr>y sci5ce4#dh ,"o result ( ! libr>y ext5sion "w describ$ 9 an e>li] *apt] is a wid] diffusion ( ! libr>y arts4 ,:5 ! ,education ,act ( #aiah comes into =ce ?r\gh\t ! l&1 & ! s*ool-*ild becomes a 8"y p]son02 :5 intellectual tra9+ is c>ri$ on "r ?r\gh ! pla/ic p]iod ( m5tal developm5t1 ! opportunity = cultivat+ ! libr>y arts w be lad5 ) pr(\nd consequ5ces4 ,if elem5t>y s*ools & cont9uation s*ools !n "w 9 due co-ord9ation ) libr>ies1 ! new curricula w 9 l>ge measure compreh5d :at we desire3 in/ruction 9 ! art ( read+ & ! enjoym5t ( lit]ature1 guidance 9 ! use ( sci5tific & te*nical books & 9 ! me?ods ( rese>*4 ,e "y p]son %\ld be %[n h[ to make himself ma/] ( ! multif>i\s cont5ts ( a libr>y1 to acqua9t himself ) o!r libr>y res\rces t are )9 rea*1 to become 8 own bibliograph]1 map out 8 read+ to ! be/ advantage1 & be able to *oose books wisely1 :e!r he is buy+ = 8 own %elves or mak+ use ( ! public libr>y4 ,! vital importance ( ! libr>y arts to ! rese>*] & to all ^: "w is among books1 pamphlets1 or records1 ne$s no expatiation4 ,mr4 ,sidney ,webb1 9 lectur+ to "y libr>ians "s ye>s ago1 depict$ ! inf9ite pa9s ) :i* he con/ruct$ 8 own bibliographies ( social sci5ce4 ,he _h to acquire ! libr>y arts 9 ! h>d s*ool ( exp]i5ce1 :5 manuals ( bibliography & guide-books to books 7 few] ?an !y are n[2 &1 no d\bt1 ! f9e libr>y at ! ,london ,s*ool ( ,economics may be reg>d$ z 9 no small "p ! result4 ,mod]n specialization has ext5d$ ! field ( k s enorm\sly t ! f9e/ education is1 9 a l>ge s5se1 only elem5t>y--only a prep>ation ( ! individual to use human k & ex]t himself 9 ext5d+ x4 ,exact classification is mak+ its way 9 all directions4 ,! art ( classification is n only an invaluable m5tal discipl9e1 x may be appli$ ) advantage 9 e prov9ce ( "w & bus9ess4 ,x /&s = ord] & me?od 9 all sorts ( affairs4 ,?\gh a classification ( books is n ! same ?+ z a classification ( ?+s1 & may dep>t 9 _m respects f ! exactness ( logical !ory1 !re is no bett] way ( inculcat+ ! usefulness ( sy/em ?an by illu/rat+ x 9 a well-classifi$ libr>y1 :]e ! read] c f9d 8 way f %elf to %elf1 & foll[ ! tracks po9t$ out = him to o!r book-cases ! cont5ts ( :i* are m di/antly connect$ ) 8 subject4 ,comm]cial firms h le>n$ ! value ( sy/ematic fil+4 ,repres5tatives ( bus9ess corporations & p>ties ( /ud5ts f s*ools & colleges visit ! ,comm]cial ,libr>y at ,man*e/] 9 ord] to exam9e ! v]tical file & h its pr9ciples expla9$4 ,x is 9 ! rese>* dep>tm5ts ( ! te*nical firms t classification1 fil+1 & index+ are pursu$ to _! fur!/ rea*es4 ,x is to be wi%$ t ! libr>ian's ne> relations1 ! publi%] & ! booksell]1 w\ld make m use ( sy/em4 ,:5 ! book%ops are arrang$ on an intelligible plan1 !re may be less romance 9 ! ,*>+ ,cross ,road1 b x w be bett] = bus9ess4 ,&1 ?\gh "s might ?9k !re 0 m lo/ ?an ga9$ 9 ! second-h& %op if 8,am]icana0 7 %elv$ accord+ to ,dewey & 8,book ,r>ities0 plac$ 9 _! prop] decimal ord]1 !re is at any rate no s5tim5tal objection to ! sci5tific arrangem5t ( new books4 ,b1 ) ! notable exceptions ( two or ?ree l>ge firms ( publi%]s & ! univ]sity presses1 no "o seems to ?9k x wor? :ile to issue classifi$ catalogues ( new publications4 ,booksell]s & publi%]s pref] to arrange _! w>es & compile _! catalogues by ! sizes ( books1 by b9d+1 or by prices--by any?+ except ! subject4 ,bo? are sadly 9 ne$ ( a c\rse 9 libr>ian%ip4 ,publi%]s h decl9$ to take ! exp]t advice ( ! ,libr>y ,association1 or to le>n any?+ on ! mat]ials1 pr9t+1 =mat1 or ev5 ! k9ds ( books t are want$4 ,! fact is1 _! books1 _! catalogues1 & _! me?ods ( m>ket+ are adapt$ to ! mom5t>y satisfaction ( a public hav+ no acqua9tance ) ! libr>y arts4 ,:5 we are ea* our own bibliograph]1 ^! p]functory ways w h to be dropp$1 or ! read] & book-buy] w want to "k :y4 ,illu/ration3 ,photo by ,langley ,sons ,,read+ ,,room ,,( ,,! ,,goldsmi?',s ,,libr>y1 ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,london4 ,classification is ! natural basis ( index+1 or r classify+ & index+ are complem5t>y to ea* o!r1 ! object be+ to h ev]y?+ 9 its place & to %[ h[ x c be f\nd4 ,e au?or1 e "o :o uses or disp5ses in=mation1 e "o :o keeps s mu* z a commonplace book1 ought to be an effici5t index]2 yet ignorance ( :at con/itutes a good index is almo/ univ]sal4 ,!re has be5 a slight improvem5t ( late 9 ! proportion ( books index$2 b ! g5]al /&>d ( precision & sci5tific arrangem5t is /ill v l[4 ,ap>t f inaccuracy1 :i* is a common defect1 our me?ods1 9 reg>d to ?or\ghness & ease ( ref]5ce1 are pa9fully inf]ior to ,am]ican me?ods2 #di! fact is pat5t ev5 9 "s ( our big co-op]ative treatises1 :i* h no excuse = _! slov5l9ess on ! score ( economy4 ,yet ! public seem to be cont5t4 ,!y are us$ to tak+ :at is (f]$ !m1 & h nev] consid]$ :at m9imum ( effici5cy 9 book-production !y are entitl$ to expect4 ,a review "h & !re makes its prote/ aga9/ a bad or omitt$ index1 or aga9/ inadequate or =gott5 maps1 or illu/rations t d n illu/rate1 & to ?is may be attribut$ ! slight improvem5t notic$4 ,yet ! importance ( index+1 9 all ! affairs ( life1 is s obvi\s t1 ap>t altoge!r f its function 9 books & libr>ies1 x ought to f9d a place 9 any well-plann$ s*eme ( education4 ,b ! mo/ important & fundam5tal ( ! libr>y arts is t ( book selection1 :i* is be/ def9$1 n z *oos+ ! be/ books1 b z *oos+ ! "r1 ! appropriate books4 ,! /ud5t ( libr>ian%ip is taught lit]>y hi/ory s t he may be a safe & discrim9at+ selector ( books1 & be qualifi$ to see t ! libr>y conta9s ! "r sort ( mat]ial4 ,! object ( libr>y lectures & read+ circles is to direct read]s to ! "r books to read4 ,9 h] acc\nt ( a v int]e/+ exp]im5t1#ej ,miss ,sayle describes h[ ! ,hamp%ire villag]s 7 all[$ ! ca/+ vote on e book pur*as$ by ! simple exp$i5t ( elim9at+ ^? books t fail$ to attract read]s4 ,! results s\nd lam5table4 ,:ole sections w5t "u ! hamm]4 ,autobiography1 ,g>d5+1 ,lives1 ,travels1 ,poetry1 are "o & all report$ 8,aboli%$1 ow+ to lack ( read]s40 ,wav]ley1 ,kidnapp$1 ,b>naby ,rudge1 & ,pi]re ,loti's ,icel& ,fi%]man1 7 among ! classics disc>d$ 9 "o ye> 9 ord] to make room = ! works ( ,mrs4 ,h5ry ,wood1 ,miss ,worboise1 ,b>oness ,orczy1 & ,g5e ,/ratton ,port]4 ,lamb's ,tales f ,%akespe>e seldom left ! *ildr5's cupbo>d4 ,n[ ,miss ,sayle is und\bt$ly "r 9 extoll+ ! pr9ciple ( giv+ h] village read]s ! initiative 9 ! *oice ( books = _! own libr>y1 ! libr>y !y f\nd$ & ma9ta9 out ( _! own pockets4 ,b h] /ory is n cr$itable to ^? :o might1 _h !y gone ! "r way to "w1 h guid$ ! ta/es ( ^! village read]s1 s t !y w\ld h *os5 & enjoy$ ! v books t _h to be disc>d$4 ,"o c h>dly imag9e a read+ circle f9d+ mu* to discuss 9 books by ! lum9>ies m5tion$ z *ief fav\rites2 b x is q z difficult to imag9e t a pap] or a read+ or an intimate talk ab\t ,/ev5son1 ,scott1 ,dick5s1 & a few ( ! poets1 w\ld h fail$ 9 op5+ _m eyes to ! *>ms ( ! writ]s aboli%$4 ,to prescribe :at p %all read is impossible2 x is fooli% to pres5t any public1 9 t[n or c\ntry1 ) a well-*os5 libr>y1 & tell !m to take x or leave x4 ,co]cion w\ld be z fruitless z x is impossible4 ,b to leave ! *oice to ! untra9$ & unguid$ initiative ( ! villag]s1 )\t "s attempt at tra9+ & assi/+ _! p[]s ( *oice1 is h>dly less absurd ?an x w\ld be to let ! *ildr5 9 a s*ool decide :at lessons !y %\ld be taught4 ,?is is ! real inw>dness ( ! great fiction "q1 on :i* s mu* wordy argum5t has be5 exp5d$4 ,!re is no ne$ to deplore ! high p]c5tage ( fiction t is read2 if ?is is ( any lit]>y value1 ! p]c5tage is s mu* to ! good4 ,! innu5do und]ly+ ! ,adult ,education ,committee's sne] at 8unsy/ematic & recreative read+0 betrays an illib]al conception ( ! cultural value ( belles-lettres1 ( :i* ,m]$i? said3-- 8,light lit]ature is ! g>d5 & ! or*>d1 ! f\nta91 ! ra9b[1 ! f> view2 ! view )9 u z well z )\t4 ,! ,phili/9e dete/s x1 because he has no view1 out or 94 ,! dry confess !y are cut (f f ! liv+ tree1 peel$ & sapless1 :5 !y condemn x4 ,! vulg> dem& to h _! pleasures 9 _! own lik5ess--& let !m swamp _! tr\ghs6 ,!y %all n degrade ! "n ( noble fiction4444 ,%un ^? :o cry out aga9/ fiction1 & h no ta/e = elegant writ+4 ,n to h a sympa?y ) ! playful m9d is n to h a m9d40 ,! "q is n :e!r public libr>ies ought to provide novels1 nor simply :e!r !y %\ld provide only ! be/ novels & reject ! bad4 ,! important problem is1 h[ ! g5]al read] is to be l$ to *oose & enjoy ! be/4 ,to sp5d public funds on ! public provision ( feeble & enfeebl+ read+-matt] is indef5sible4 ,true1 !re are libr>ians :o def5d x3 "o head ( a l>ge sy/em has rec5tly plead$ = fiction ( ! ,*>les ,g>vice & ,e!l ,dell type1 because ! *>woman & ! ov]work$ h\sewife f9d x re/ful & soo?+1 & _c af=d to subscribe = x to ! circulat+ libr>y4 ,b public libr>ies are n a sort ( poor relief3 _! mission is n to provide1 ev5 ^! unhappy folk1 ) opportunities = m5tal dissipation2 b1 ! v rev]se1 to introduce !m to high] pleasures4 ,w\ld apologi/s = bad novels recomm5d our public art gall]ies to adopt simil> /&>ds ( ta/e8 ,or our museums8 ,no d\bt1 if we turn$ !m into a k9d ( ,madame ,tussaud's or s5sation-mong]+ picture-h\se1 ^! w\ld be mu* m popul> ) a v l>ge & a v important class4 ,?is k9d ( argum5t h>dly ne$s confut+3 b _m committees & libr>ians h be5 l$ a/ray by ! speci\s doctr9e t by giv+ p ! inf]ior /uff !y l !y w ev5tually be l$ to pref] some?+ bett]4 ,! pres5t writ]1 :o has devot$ ye>s ( h>d "w to %eph]d+ ! g5]al read] into ! "r way ( appreciat+ good fiction1 w\ld be ! la/ to d5y ! humaniz+ value ( ! novel & its "r to an hon\rable place 9 ! public libr>y2 b he w\ld be ! fir/ to d5y t to get p to read any k9d ( novel1 or to br+ !m at any co/ into ! public libr>y1 is a sure way ( induc+ !m to read some?+ bett]4 ,?an mu* ( ! read+ done at ! exp5se ( ! libr>y rate x w\ld be bett] if no read+ 7 done at all4 ,a k9d ( m5tal dram-dr9k+1 x is /upefy+ to ! bra9 & s\l1 & ?or\ghly anti-educational4 ,homopa?ic application ( cont9ual doses ( ! hair ( ! dog t bit y is a futile mode ( treatm5t4 ,! "t has come = san] me?ods1 & ! only sane me?od is to refuse to recognize ! /uff z hav+ any?+ to d ) ! lit]ature :i* a public libr>y has to supply4 ,e>li] pages h dealt ) ! v>i\s me?ods by :i* ! /&>d ( fiction read+ c be rais$--duplication ( ! be/ on %elves to :i* ! read] has free access1 descriptive catalogues & read]s' guides1 lectures1 talks1 & read+ circles4 ,our crusad+ ef=ts at rais+ ! level ( popul> ta/e mu/ be z /r5u\s z ^? ( a revivali/ mission4 ,future progress dep5ds on a wide diffusion ( ! libr>y arts2 x dep5ds on ! attitude ( t mu*-abus$ p]son ! g5]al read]4 ,:5 ! g5]al read] uses public libr>ies wisely & well1 & f9ds !m indisp5sable to a full life1 _! position w be assur$4 ,! l>ge/ body ( read]s w always be compos$ ( ?is class3 ! object ( education is to turn out intellig5t g5]al read]s4#ea ,! ,adult ,education ,committee express$ too n>r[ a view ( ! libr>y's function 9 ! social organism :5 !y insi/$ on ! p>am\nt claims ( vocational & non-vocational education1 & spoke slight+ly ( ! g5]al read]1 ! va/ multitude :o are guilty ( 8unsy/ematic & recreative read+40 ,x is only fair to notice1 h[ev]1 two passages 9 :i* ! ,adult ,education ,committee did n ov]look ! claims ( ! g5]al read] & ( imag9ative lit]ature3-- 8,! ,l5d+ ,dep>tm5t is ! ma9 feature 9 ! small] libr>ies2 x provides su* books z are suitable = cont9u\s read+ or /udy & 9 conv5i5t =m4 ,! books cov] ! :ole range ( k1 physical & metaphysical1 anci5t & mod]n1 philosophy1 religion1 sociology1 language & lit]ature1 sci5ce1 f9e & useful arts1 hi/ory & travel4 ,! recreative elem5t 9 read+ bulks l>gely 9 ! /ati/ics ( ?is dep>tm5t4 ,v mu* ( :at is be/ & mo/ elevat+ 9 ,engli% lit]ature takes ! =m ( fiction1 & select+ ?is ) c>e & discretion ! libr>y gives valuable impulse 9 ! direction ( broad5+ ! m5tal outlook1 enl>g+ ! sympa?ies1 & elevat+ ! ta/es & feel+ ( read]s4 ,any e/imate ( ! cultural "w ( ! libr>y :i* omits ! effects1 m or less unconsci\s1 ( ! read+ ( ! be/ poetical & imag9ative lit]ature is gravely incomplete & inadequate40 8,x is cle>1 h[ev]1 t local education au?orities may neglect ! #8g5]al read]' 9 _! desire to obta9 f ! public libr>ies ! maximum ( assi/ance = m s]i\s /ud5ts4 ,?is is a dang] :i* mu/ be gu>d$ aga9/4 ,x is "p ( ! problem ( h[ to reta9 ! fre$om & ela/icity ( ! libr>y ) ! m organiz$ adm9i/ration ( ! sy/em ( public education4 ,x is ) no desire to subord9ate ! libr>ies or belittle _! importance t we recomm5d ! union ( educational & libr>y adm9i/ration40#eb ,x w n d m]ely to tol]ate ?is l>ge section ( ^? :o use libr>ies1 on condition t its int]e/s are made second>y to ! 8s]i\s /ud5ts & tra9$ read]s40 ,?is w\ld be fatal to ! true purpose ( ! public libr>y1 :i* %\ld m9i/] to intellectual life 9 all its fulness4 ,! g5]al read] mu/ be put fir/1 n second4 ,a cle> conception ( :at is be/ = ! g5]al read] w ensure t ! int]e/s ( education %all n be neglect$4 ,x is on ! gr[? ( a new consci\sness1 a new attitude t[>ds ! in/itutions subs]v+ humanism1 t we mu/ p9 our fai? 9 ! great libr>y sy/em ( ! future4 ,a ,,fur!r ,,c\rse ,,( ,,read+4 ,,public ,,libr>ies1 ,,pa/ ,,& ,,pres5t4 ,,bo/wick1 ,ar?ur ,e4 ,! ,am]ican ,public ,libr>y4 ,appleton4 #aiaj4 #hvo4 illus4 ,,br[n1 ,james ,duff4 ,a ,briti% ,libr>y ,it9]>y1 ,grafton4 #aiac4 #hvo4 ,,br[n1 ,james ,duff4 ,manual ( ,libr>y ,economy1 ed4 by ,w4 ,c4 ,b]wick ,say]s4 ,grafton4 #aibj4 #hvo4 ,illus4 ,,gre5wood1 ,?omas4 ,edw>d ,edw>ds1 ! *ief pione] ( municipal public libr>ies4 ,scott ,gre5wood4 #aijb4 #hvo4 ,,gre5wood1 ,?omas4 ,public ,libr>ies3 ,a hi/ory ( ! movem5t1 & a manual = ! organisation & managem5t ( rate-support$ libr>ies4 ,cassell4 #ahid4 #hvo4 illus4 ,,ogle1 ,john ,j4 ,! ,free ,libr>y3 its hi/ory & pres5t condition1 edit$ by ,r4 ,g>nett4 ,all54 #ahig4 #hvo4 ,! ,libr>y ,s]ies4 ,,! ,,libr>y ,,"q ,,( ,,to-,,day4 ,,adams1 ,pr(essor ,w4 ,g4 ,s4 ,a ,report on ,libr>y ,provision & ,policy1 to ! ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/ees4 ,ed9burgh4 ,neill4 #aiae4 ,,bo/wick1 ,ar?ur ,e4 ,libr>y ,essays3 pap]s relat$ to ! "w ( public libr>ies4 ,new ,york4 ,h4 ,w4 ,wilson4 #aibj4 #hvo4 ,,bo/wick1 ,ar?ur ,e4 ,a ,libr>ian's ,op5 ,%elf3 essays on v>i\s subjects4 ,new ,york4 ,h4 ,w4 ,wilson4 #aibj4 #hvo4 ,,h>dy1 ,e4 ,a4 ,! ,public ,libr>y3 its place 9 our educational sy/em4 ,toronto4 ,william ,briggs4 #aiab4 ,illus4 ,,libr>y ,,association4 ,! ,libr>y ,association ,record4 #hvo4 #ahii 9 progress4 ,,libr>y ,,association4 ,public ,libr>ies3 _! pres5t position & future developm5t 9 national recon/ruction4 ,libr>y ,association4 #aiah4 #hvo4 ,illus4 ,,libr>y ,,association4 ,ye> ,book = #aiba2 edit$ ,e4 ,c4 ,kyte4 ,libr>y ,association4 #aiba4 #hvo4 ,conta9s /ati/ics ( exi/+ libr>ies & _! "w4 ,,mckillop1 ,john4 ,! pres5t position ( ,london ,municipal ,libr>ies ) sugge/ions = increas+ _! effici5cy4 ,repr9t f ,libr>y ,association ,record4 #aijf4 ,,m9i/ry ,,( ,,recon/ruction4 ,adult ,education ,committee4 ,?ird ,int]im ,report4 ,libr>ies & ,museums4 ,h4,m4,s4 ,(fice4 #aiai4 ,,m9i/ry ,,( ,,recon/ruction4 ,adult ,education ,committee4 ,f9al ,report4 ,h4,m4 ,/ation]y ,(fice4 #aiai4 ,,morel1 ,eug5e4 ,la ,librairie ,publique4 ,p>is4 ,a4 ,col94 #aiab4 ,,public ,,libr>ies ,,act1 #aiai4 ,h4,m4,s4 ,(fice4 #aiai4 ,,rural ,,libr>ies4 ,,antrim1 ,saida ,b4 & ,erne/ ,i4 ,! ,c\nty ,libr>y4 ,ohio1 ,pione] ,press4 #aiad4 #hvo4 ,illus4 ,,c>negie ,,unit$ ,,k+dom ,,tru/4 ,annual ,reports4 ,dec4 #aiad--;,dec4 #aibj4 ,ed9burgh4 ,con/able4 #aiba4 ,,sayle1 ,a4 ,village ,libr>ies3 a guide to _! =mation & upkeep4 ,grant ,ri*>ds4 #aiai4 #hvo4 ,,weav]1 ,sir ,lawr5ce4 ,village ,clubs & ,halls4 ,newnes4 #aibj4 #hvo4 ,illus4 ,,tra9+ ,,9 ,,libr>ian%ip4 ,,fri$el1 ,j4 ,h4 ,tra9+ = ,libr>ian%ip3 libr>y "w z 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,adm9i/ration ( ,c5traliz$ ,libr>y ,sy/em1 #agi ,adult ,education1 #d-f1 #ih-ii1 #aaa1 #adi1 #aed1 #bjb-bjd1 #bjh-bji ,adult ,education ,committee & ,bo>d ( ,education1 #bjj-bja ,adult ,education ,committee & ,c5tral ,libr>y = ,/ud5ts1 #aij-aia ,adult ,education ,committee1 c5tralization1 #gc1 #aga-b1 #age1 #aid1 #aig1 #aih1 #bjb ,adult ,education ,committee1 fiction "q1 #bcj-bce ,adult ,education ,committee1 ,f9al ,report1 #afe-afg ,adult ,education ,committee1 on grants1 #ahf-ahg ,adult ,education ,committee1 on intellig5ce bureaux1 #hi-ij ,adult ,education ,committee1 on lectures1 #aaa ,adult ,education ,committee1 on read+ ,rooms1 #fb ,adult ,education ,committee1 on recon/ruction1 ,preface1 #cj1 #ca1 #gc1 #aga-agb1 #age1 #aid1 #aig1 #aih1 #bjb ,adult ,education ,committee1 ,te*nical & ,comm]cial ,libr>ies1 #gh-hj ,adv]tis+1 #dh-di1 #ajc ,agricultural ,libr>ies1 ,am]ica1 #afj-afa ,airdrie1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #bb ,am]ica1 books = ! bl9d1 #id ,am]ica1 *ildr5's libr>ies1 #fd1 #fh1 #gd1 #aca ,am]ica1 ,education ,au?orities a4 ,libr>y ,au?orities1 #bja-bjb ,am]ica1 index+1 #bbg-bbh ,am]ica1 inspection ( ,libr>ies1 #ahd-ahf ,am]ica1 libr>ian%ip1 #bbd ,am]ica1 libr>ies1 #be1 #da1 #aah ,am]ica1 libr>y s*ools1 #bac1 #baf1 #bai-bbj ,am]ica1 rural libr>ies1 #aef-afb ,am]ica1 s*ool & libr>y1 #aca ,am]ica1 ,/ate ,libr>y ,commissions1 #aef1 #ahd-ahf1 #bji ,am]ica1 travell+ libr>ies1 #aef ,am]ican ,libr>y ,association1 #baa ,anci5t ,libr>ies1 #aa ,&]sonian ,in/itute1 ,glasg[1 #h ,antw]p1 ,in/itute ( ,comm]ce1 #gg ,app>atus1 ,libr>y1 #bai ,appr5tice ,classes1 ,am]ica1 #bbj ,ar*bi%op ,t5ison's ,libr>y1 #ab ,ar*itecture1 libr>y1 #bai ,assi/ants1 #bab1 #bag-bai 8,a!num01 ,!1 #aha ,baillie's ,in/itution1 ,glasg[1 #bc ,ba?1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #bb ,bibliography1 #aca1 #aga1 #bbj1 #bbc1 #bbe ,birkbeck1 ,george1 #h ,birkbeck ,college1 #h ,birk5head ,public ,libr>y1 #bb1 #fd ,birm+ham ,comm]cial ,libr>y1 #hj ,birm+ham1 libr>y rate1 #bg ,birm+ham ,public ,libr>ies1 ref]5ce libr>y1 #de1 #dh1 #ej ,bi%opsgate ,in/itute1 ref]5ce libr>y1 #ea ,blackburn1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #bb ,bl9d1 libr>ies = !1 #ia-ie1 #aga ,bo>d ( ,education1 #bjh-bji ,bo>d ( ,education z c5tral au?ority1 #bjj-bja ,bolton ,public ,libr>y1 #ba1 #hj ,book issues1 #be1 #dj1 #da ,book selection1 #cd-cf1 #ed1 #ig1 #abi-acj1 #agi1 #bae1 #bbc1 #bbd1 #bbh-bce ,book selection = *ildr51 #fh1 #gj-gb ,book selection1 p]iodicals1 #eg1 #ei ,book supply1 #da-dc1 #gj1 #aje1 #adb ,bookb9d+1 #db1 #ahj-aha ,bookb9d+ demon/rations1 #bah-bai ,book-box sy/em1 #ach1 #aci1 #ada1 #adb1 #add1 #adf1 #adi1 #afd1 #afe ,books1 requirem5ts ( good1 #gb1 #ahj-aha1 #bbg ,bootle ,public ,libr>y1 lectures1 #aja ,bor\gh c\ncils1 #agc ,borr[]s' re/rictions1 #dj-da ,brad=d ,comm]cial ,libr>y1 #hj ,braille sy/em1 #ic ,bran* libr>ies1 #cg ,bright1 ,john1 #ah1 #ba ,brighton1 ,local ,act1 #ahej1 #ba ,brighton ,public ,libr>y1 #abj ,bri/ol ,comm]cial ,libr>y1 #hj1 #ha1 #hf1 #he-hg ,bri/ol ,public ,libr>y1 #aa1 #de1 #ej1 #aja ,briti% ,museum1 #ab1 #ac1 #ad1 #agj1 #ahb ,briti% ,museum ,libr>y1 #cd1 #ed1 #ee1 #aie ,bromley ,public ,libr>y1 lectures1 #aja ,bro!rton1 ,joseph1 #ac-ai ,br\gham1 ,"l1 #a1 #d1 #i ,br[n1 ,james ,duff1 #ed1 #ee ,buck+ham%ire1 village libr>ies1 #ace ,bureaucracy1 dang]s (1 #g1 #bjh1 #bbb ,burslem1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #bb ,bury1 ,william1 #aa ,bus9ess libr>ians1 c\rses =1 #baf ,camb]well ,public ,libr>y1 #bb1 #aja ,cambridge1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #bb ,cant]bury1 #af ,cant]bury1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #bb ,c>diff ,public ,libr>ies1 #bb1 #de1 #ej1 #hi1 #aja ,c>digan%ire ,rural ,libr>y1 #adj ,c>negie1 ,&rew1 #bc1 #be1 #gg ,c>negie ,rural ,libr>y ,s*eme1 #ca1 #aci ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/1 annual report1 #adj-ada1 #ade-adf ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/ & ,c5tral ,libr>y = ,/ud5ts1 #ade-adf1 #aij ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/ & ,national ,libr>y = ! ,bl9d1 #ib-ic ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/ & rural libr>ies1 #ca1 #aci ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/1 ,scotl&1 #aci-adb ,c>negie ,unit$ ,k+dom ,tru/1 & tra9+ 9 libr>ian%ip1 #bac ,catalogues1 #ci1 #dj1 #aga1 #ahb1 #bbf1 #bcb ,catalogu+1 #agi1 #bah ,c5tral cle>+ h\se1 #agj ,c5tral ,libr>y = ,/ud5ts1 #aaa1 #agj1 #agg1 #ahh1 #aij ,c5tral ,libr>y = ,/ud5ts1 relations ) rural libr>ies1 #adc1 #ade1 #adg ,c5tral repository1 #aci1 #ada1 #adb ,c5tralization 9 libr>y sy/em1 #bi-cj ,rural1 #acg-ach1 #afa ,urban1 #afi-baj ,*amb]s ( ,comm]ce1 #he ,*elsea ,public ,libr>ies1 #ea1 #aja ,*elt5ham1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #bb ,*e?am ,libr>y1 ,man*e/]1 #aa1 #ag ,*ildr51 books =1 #abi-acj ,*ildr51 libr>y "w )1 #baf1 #bai ,*ildr5's ,libr>ies1 #fc-gd1 #bje-f ,*ildr5's ,read+ room1 #fc1 #fd ,*oice ( books1 ,see ,book ,selection ,*ri/ian ,sociali/s1 #aj ,city & ,guilds ,in/itution1 #aid-aie ,classification1 #ec1 #hc1 #bac1 #bbc1 #bbe-bbf1 #bbg ,clos$ sy/em1 ,see ,op5 access ,coats ,libr>ies1 #ace1 #aci ,cobd51 ,ri*>d1 #ac ,cock]ell1 ,mr4 ,d\glas1 on bookb9d+1 #ahj ,comm]cial ,libr>ies1 #gd-ia1 #bai ,co-op]ation1 #agd-agf1 #agg1 #aif-aig ,co-op]ation1 rural #aej-aee ,co-op]ation ) indu/ries1 #ig ,co-op]ation ) outside organizations1 #aag1 #aej-aee ,co-op]ation ) s*ools1 ,see ,s*ools ,cork1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #bb ,correspond5ce classes1 #bab ,c\nty ,education ,au?ority & rural libr>ies1 #adi ,c\nty libr>y s*emes1 #acg-aci1 #aef-afj ,cov5try1 #bb ,cov5try ,public ,libr>y1 #bb1 #da1 #abj1 #acc ,croydon ,public ,libr>ies1 #hj1 #aja1 #ajf-ajg1 #aai ,croydon ,public ,libr>ies1 junior libr>y1 #fe1 #ff1 #ajf-ajg1 #acc ,curriculum ( ,s*ool ( ,libr>ian%ip1 #bah ,cze*oslovakia1 libr>y s*ool1 #bbj ,degrees 9 libr>y sci5ce1 ,am]ica1 #bai ,d]by ,public ,libr>y1 lectures1 #aja ,dick5s1 ,*>les1 on libr>ies1 #ba ,dige/s1 f p]iodicals1 #ahb ,discipl9e 9 *ildr5's libr>ies1 #ff-fg ,discussion1 value (1 #aji-aaj ,dr4 ,williams's ,libr>y1 #ab ,donca/]1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #bb ,dov]1 #af ,dramatic ,circles1 #aad-aag ,dubl9 ,public ,libr>y1 ref]5ce libr>y1 #de ,dundee1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #bb ,dunf]ml9e1 c5tral 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lectures1 #aja ,furniture1 fitt+s1 etc41 #hb ,g]many1 libr>y s*ools1 #bbj ,glasg[1 #h1 #bc ,glasg[ ,comm]cial ,libr>y1 #hj ,glasg[ ,me*anics' ,in/itution1 #h ,glasg[ ,public ,libr>ies1 #ch ,gl\ce/] ,public ,libr>y1 #afc ,gl\ce/]%ire ,rural ,libr>ies1 #adj1 #afc ,gov]nm5t dep>tm5t z libr>y au?ority1 #agb-c ,gov]nm5t grants1 #ahd-ahh ,gov]nm5t inspection ( libr>ies1 #ahc-ahh ,gran?am ,rural ,libr>ies1 #adj ,grants1 #bi1 #ahd-ahh ,gre5wi* ,public ,libr>ies1 co-op]ation ) s*ools1 #abg ,gre5wood1 ,?omas1 #bi1 #ahc ,guide-books to books1 #agi1 #bbe1 #bcb ,guildhall ,libr>y1 #ea ,hackney ,public ,libr>y1 #bb1 #abg ,hamp/ead ,public ,libr>y1 #ea1 #aja ,hebrides1 rural libr>y s*eme1 #adg ,h]e=d1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #bb ,hi/ory ( libr>y movem5t1 #a-ca ,holl&1 libr>y s*ool1 #bbj ,hornsey ,public ,libr>y1 lectures1 #aja ,hudd]sfield1 #h ,hull1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #bb ,illu/rations1 #dc1 #eb1 #ec1 #fd1 #fe ,index+1 #dg1 #ec1 #fa1 #aha1 #bac1 #bbc1 #bbf1 #bbg1 #bbh ,indicators1 #ch-ci1 #bbb ,indu/rial libr>ies1 ,see ,te*nical libr>ies ,indu/ries1 co-op]ation )1 #gi ,indu/ry z local au?ority 9 te*nical libr>y sy/em1 #aih ,in=mation ,bureau1 #ed1 #gf1 #hb-hc1 #hh-ij ,in=mation desks1 #hi ,inspection ( libr>ies1 #ahc-ahh ,ipswi*1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #bb ,irel&1 ,public ,libr>y ,act1 #bj1 #bb ,irel&1 ref]5ce libr>ies1 #de ,isl+ton ,public ,libr>ies1 #bb1 #dc1 #ee1 #fi-gj1 #aja1 #abg ,issues z index ( read+1 #be ,italy1 libr>y s*ools1 #bbj ,ja/1 ,mr4 ,l4 ,s41 on ,s*ools & libr>ies1 #bjc-bjd ,j\rnalism1 s*ools (1 #bbc ,kidd]m9/]1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #bb ,kilm>nock ,public ,libr>ies1 ref]5ce libr>y1 #ej ,k+/on ,public ,libr>ies1 lectures1 #aja ,kirkwood1 ,james1 #aa ,lamb1 ,*>les1 #aaf ,lambe? ,palace ,libr>y1 #ab ,lanca%ire & ,*e%ire ,union libr>y1 #ace ,lanca%ire & ,*e%ire ,union ( ,me*anics' ,in/itutions1 #h ,lant]n slides1 #eb1 #ajf1 #aai ,leam+ton1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #bb ,lecture rooms1 #fb1 #ii-ajg ,lectures1 #fd1 #fe1 #ii-ajg1 #baa1 #bab1 #bae1 #bbh1 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,libr>y committees1 #bh1 #agc1 #age ,libr>y economy1 #bac ,libr>y ext5sion1 #if-acd1 #bai1 #bbd ,libr>y provision1 #acf1 #aci ,libr>y rate1 #ae1 #ah1 #ai1 #bf1 #acf1 #acg ,libr>y s*ools1 #baa-bbj ,libr>y s]vice1 #ad1 #cb-ie1 #ach ,lib]al education1 #bag1 #bbb ,li*field1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #bb ,light lit]ature1 ,see ,fiction ,lit]>y & ,sci5tific ,in/itutions1 #cc ,lit]>y & ,sci5tific ,in/itutions ,libr>ies1 #ab ,lit]>y hi/ory1 #bbh ,liv]pool ,comm]cial ,libr>y1 #hj ,liv]pool ,public ,libr>ies1 #af1 #cg1 #de1 #dh1 #ej1 #ia1 #ajj1 #ajb ,liv]pool1 ,special ,act1 #aheb1 #ba ,loan ,collections to s*ools1 #abb1 #abd-abe1 #acc ,local collections1 #ea-eb ,local ,education ,committee1 #ca ,local ,education ,committee z libr>y au?ority1 #bja ,local ,gov]nm5t ,act1 #ahid1 #bg ,local records1 #eb ,london1 ,city (1 #bj1 #bb ,london ,education ,committee1 #abg1 #age1 #aib ,london libr>ies1 #bb1 #dg-dh ,london libr>ies1 lectures1 #aja ,london libr>ies1 read+ rooms1 #fj ,london libr>ies1 ref]5ce 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,free ,libr>y ,commission1 #ahe-f ,me*anics' ,in/itutes1 #e-aj1 #bf ,me*anics' ,in/itute ,libr>ies1 #e-aj ,m]$i?1 ,george1 on fiction1 #bcj ,metropolitan ,association ( ,me*anics' ,in/itutions1 #h ,middlesex1 rural libr>y s*eme1 #afc-afd ,m9i/ry ( ,recon/ruction1 #cj ,mit*ell ,libr>y1 ,glasg[1 #bc ,mona/ic libr>ies1 #aa ,motor s]vice1 #ch1 #ada1 #adf ,museums1 #ae-af ,museums ,act1 #ahde1 #ae1 #ah ,museums & ,gymnasiums ,act1 #ahia1 #bg ,music1 #dc ,national ,art ,libr>y1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 #agh ,national ,home-,read+ ,union1 #aab1 #aai ,national ,in/itute = ! ,bl9d1 #ic ,national ,libr>y = ! ,bl9d1 #ib-ie1 #aga ,national libr>y s]vice1 preface1 #aee1 #afi-baj1 #bbj ,national ,sci5ce ,libr>y1 ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 #fj-fa1 #agh ,new ,york ,public ,libr>y1 #id1 #aah1 #acb-acc ,newca/le-^u-,tyne ,public ,libr>ies1 #bg1 #de1 #ej ,newspap]s1 #dc1 #ee-ei ,newsrooms1 #dg1 #ee-ei ,non-municipal libr>ies1 incorporation (1 #agg-agh ,nor?ampton ,public ,libr>y1 #ej1 #hj1 #abj ,norwi* ,public ,libr>y1 #aa1 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,s*ool libr>ies1 #gj1 #gb1 #gc1 #abb-abe1 #baf ,s*ool ( ,libr>ian%ip1 ,univ]sity ( ,london1 ,see ,london1 ,univ]sity ( ,s*ools1 #b-e1 #ih1 #aed1 #bjj-baj1 #bbd ,s*ools1 co-op]ation )1 #bc1 #bi1 #ea-eb1 #fd1 #fe-gd1 #ig1 #ajf1 #abb-acd1 #acg-ach1 #ada-add1 #adh-adi1 #aej-aee1 #bjj-bjf1 #bbc-bbd ,sci5tific associations' libr>ies1 #agh-agi ,scotl&1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #bb1 #bc ,scotl&1 ,education ,act1 #aiah1 #adj ,scotl&1 ,public ,libr>y ,acts1 #bj1 #bf1 #bh ,scotl&1 ref]5ce libr>ies1 #de ,scotl&1 rural libr>ies1 #ace1 #adj ,selborne1 ,r\ndell ,palm]1 ,e>l (1 #ai ,%effield1 adoption ( ,libr>y ,act1 #ba1 #bb ,%effield1 libr>y rate1 #bg ,%elf-room1 #ahj ,%etl&s1 rural libr>y s*eme1 #adg ,sion ,college ,libr>y1 #ab ,society = ! ,diffusion ( ,useful ,k1 #i ,som]set ,rural ,libr>y1 #adj1 #afb-afc ,special collections1 #dc1 #di-ea1 #eb1 #ec1 #aai-abj1 #aih1 #bbe ,/aff1 #gf1 #gg1 #ij1 #ahc1 #ahd1 #baa ,/af=d%ire ,rural ,libr>y1 #aci-adj ,/ate aid1 ,see ,grants ,/ate control1 #bi1 #acg-h1 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