,,to ,,! ,,memory ,,( ,,! ,,late ,,m9a ,,lippman ,,a>on ,,^! ,,pages ,,are ,,d$icat$ ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,*anukah ,,by ,,b5jam9 ,,sacks ,b4 ,a4 ,illu/ration ,,hebrew ,,in/itute ,,pittsburgh ,,pa4 ---- #efgh ---- ,,copyright #aiac ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,! ,,fe/ival ,! fe/ival ( ,*anukah 0 in/itut$ by ,judas ,maccabeus & ! eld]s ( ! ,congregation ( ,israel 9 ! ye> #ceie on ! #be? day ( ,kislev ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,illu/ration ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,*anuka4 ,^u ! dea? ( ,alex&] ! ,great1 "u ^: reign ! ,jews enjoy$ fre$om & peace1 8 k+dom 0 divid$ among 8 g5]als1 "o ( :om took ,egypt & ano!r1 ,syria4 ,!re 0 cont9ual /rife betwe5 ! k+s ( ^! two c\ntries1 = ea* want$ to subject ! o!r to 8 rule4 ,pale/9e1 be+ situat$ betwe5 ,syria & ,egypt1 became ! battlefield ^u :i* _! armies f\ght4 ,at times1 ! k+s ( ,syria w\ld be victori\s1 & at times ! k+s ( ,egypt w\ld ga9 ! upp] h&4 ,= a long "t ! armies ( ,egypt 7 victors1 & s x happ5$ t _m ( ! ,jews w5t to live 9 ,alex&ria1 :]e !y acquir$ _m ( ! ,greek cu/oms practic$ !re4 ,judea1 9 ! meantime1 became a tribut>y to ,egypt4 ,! ,jews 7 treat$ well by ! ,egyptians2 !y 7 all[$ to appo9t _! own gov]nors2 & _! religion 0 n int]f]$ )4 ,ab\t #ajj ye>s aft] ! dea? ( ,alex&]1 ,antio*us ,,iii41 surnam$ ! ,great1 asc5d$ ! ?rone ( ,syria4 ,he conqu]$ ,egypt & ) x ,pale/9e4 ,! position ( ! ,jews1 h[ev]1 0 n *ang$2 !y 7 mildly rul$1 & _! gov]nm5t 0 left 9 _! own h&s4 ,antio*us 0 succe$$ by 8 olde/ son1 ,seleucus ,philopat]4 ,9 ! t5? ye> ( ! reign ( ,seleucus1 some?+ happ5$ 9 ,judea t caus$ him to turn 8 att5tion to ! treasures deposit$ 9 ! ,temple at ,j]usalem4 ,a viol5t qu>rel broke out betwe5 ,onias ,,iii41 :o 0 at t "t ! ,high ,prie/ 9 ,judea1 & ,simon1 :o _h be5 appo9t$ gov]nor ( ,j]usalem4 ,9 ord] to injure ,onias1 ,simon told ! ,k+ t !re 7 great ri*es 9 ! ,temple4 ,seleucus receiv$ ?is news ) joy1 = he 0 at ?is "t h>d press$ = money to pay 8 annual tribute to ! ,romans4 ,he s5t out 8 treasur]1 ,heliodorus1 to plund] ! ,temple1 & br+ back ^! ri*es to ,antio*4 ,,heliodorus ,,9 ,,! ,,temple4 ,heliodorus imm$iately set out = ,j]usalem1 )\t acqua9t+ any "o ( 8 purpose4 ,:5 he arriv$ !re1 he told ,onias ( ! ,k+'s ord]s1 & dem&$ t he quietly surr5d] ! treasure4 ,! ,high ,prie/ repli$ t !re 0 q a l>ge treasure 9 ! ,temple1 b t x 0 by no means z l>ge z _h be5 report$2 t ! great] "p ( x consi/$ ( holy gifts consecrat$ to ,god2 t a consid]able am\nt 0 deposit$ by ,hyrcanus1 a man high 9 favor ( ! ,k+2 & t ! rema9d] 0 deposit$ by wid[s & orphans = safekeep+4 ,he add$ t he c\ld n cons5t to deprive ! rightful own]s ( _! prop]ty1 & ?us pr(ane 8 high (fice1 :i* 0 holy & rev]$ by all4 ,! comm&s ( ! ,k+ 7 /rict & ,heliodorus rema9$ firm 9 8 purpose4 ,att5d$ by a l>ge numb] ( arm$ m51 he m>*$ to ! ,temple2 & :5 ! prie/s tri$ to oppose 8 progress1 he ord]$ t ! out] gates be de/roy$4 ,a great m\rn+ arose 9 ! :ole city1 & f all sides 7 he>d ! cries ( ! p4 ,b z soon z ,heliodorus attempt$ to ent] ! ,temple1 a wond]ful ?+ happ5$4 ,leg5d has x t a horse1 m\nt$ by a t]rible rid]1 ru%$ t[>d him1 & /ruck him ) its =e-foot4 ,two beautiful y\?s1 :o att5d$ ! w>rior1 !n beat ,heliodorus ) rods until he fa9t$4 ,:5 ,heliodorus 0 c>ri$ out ( ! ,temple by ! prie/s1 ! sp>k ( life sc>cely burn$ )9 him4 ,:5 ,onias1 ! ,high ,prie/1 saw ?is1 fe>+ le/ ! wra? ( ! ,k+ %\ld be incurr$1 (f]$ sacrifices & pray]s to ,god1 & ?us re/or$ ,heliodorus to life4 ,! treasur] return$ to ,antio* empty-h&$1 & told ! ,k+ ( 8 failure4 ,,antio*us ,,cr[n$ ,,k+ ,,( ,,syria4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! same ye>1 ,heliodorus1 9 hopes ( succe$+ to ! ?rone1 poison$ ,seleucus1 ! ,k+4 ,:5 ,antio*us1 ! ,k+'s bro!r1 :o 0 return+ f ,rome1 he>d ( ?is1 he imm$iately secur$ ! aid ( ano!r k+1 & easily cru%$ ! usurp]4 ,antio*us ,,iv4 n[ became ,k+ ( ,syria4 ,,buy+ ,,! ,,high ,,prie/hood4 ,sc>cely _h ,antio*us begun to rule1 :5 f all p>ts ( 8 empire came ! lead+ m5 to pay homage to him4 ,among !m came a y\ng] bro!r ( ! ,high ,prie/ ,onias1 ,jo%ua1 :o call$ himself by ! ,greek "n ,jason4 ,?is ,jason 0 possess$ ( good mann]s & poli%$ address4 ,at ! c\rt ( ,antio*us1 he 0 welcom$2 &1 by (f]+ ! ,k+ a v l>ge bribe1 prevail$ ^u him to depose 8 bro!r ,onias1 & appo9t him 9 8 place4 ,n only 0 ,onias remov$ f ! ,high ,prie/hood1 b he 0 also =c$ to take up 8 resid5ce at ,antio*1 :]e he w\ld n int]f]e ) ! new ,high ,prie/4 ,jason next attempt$ to gradually make ,greeks ( ! ,jews4 ,accord+ly1 he built a place 9 ,j]usalem = su* sports & ex]cises z 7 practic$ by ! ,greeks1 & e/abli%$ a s*ool 9 :i* ,jewi% y\?s c\ld be br\ght up aft] ! mann] ( ! ,greeks4 ,jason rema9$ ,high ,prie/ = only ?ree ye>s4 ,m5elaus1 an ambiti\s & di%one/ "y man1 hav+ be5 s5t to ,antio* by ,jason ) tribute1 by (f]+ to pay annually a sum am\nt+ to #cjj1jjj m ?an ,jason1 succe$$ 9 hav+ himself appo9t$ 9 8 place4 ,?is ,m5elaus 0 ev5 m corrupt ?an ,jason1 & lat] prov$ himself guilty ( ! mo/ horrible crimes4 ,,m5elaus' ,,sacrilege4 ,m5elaus soon f\nd t he 0 unable to pay ! l>ge am\nt ( money :i* he _h promis$ to ,antio*us4 ,! ,k+1 :o dem&$ punctuality ( 8 subjects 9 _! paym5t ( tribute1 summon$ him to ,antio*4 ,fe>+ t he w\ld be puni%$ or /ripp$ ( 8 (fice1 he s5t secret directions to 8 bro!r ,lysima*us1 :o 0 act+ z ,high ,prie/ dur+ 8 abs5ce1 to remove "s ( ! holy vessels f ! ,temple1 & to s5d him ! money obta9$ by sell+ !m4 ,:5 ,onias1 ! depos$ ,high ,prie/ he>d ( ?is1 8 ang] 0 ar\s$1 & he accus$ ,m5elaus ( robb+ ! ,temple4 ,m5elaus fe>+1 t he w\ld be remov$ f 8 (fice1 brib$ "o ( ! ,k+'s (fic]s to kill ,onias4 ,:5 ,onias le>n$ ( ! plot aga9/ 8 life1 he escap$2 b lat]1 :5 ! (fic] induc$ him to return by assurances ( safety1 he 0 brutally murd]$4 ,great 0 ! ang] ( ! ,jews :5 !y he>d ( ?is new outrage4 ,! p ( ,j]usalem rose up aga9/ ! bro!r ( ,m5elaus1 & put to r\te a numb] ( 8 foll[]s :o tri$ to def5d him4 ,lysima*us1 himself1 escap$ to ! treasury ( ! ,temple1 b 0 pursu$ & kill$4 ,m5elaus1 9 ! meantime by brib+ ! ,k+1 ga9$ 8 support1 & cont9u$ to rema9 9 ! (fice ( ,high ,prie/4 ,,antio*us',s ,,entrance ,,into ,,j]usalem4 ,:ile ,antio*us 0 engag$ 9 attack+ ,egypt1 a report 0 spread t he _h be5 kill$4 ,?is news 0 receiv$ by ! ,jews ) great joy4 ,jason1 ! depos$ ,high ,prie/1 kn[+ t ,m5elaus w\ld n[ be left )\t a protector ent]$ ,j]usalem1 defeat$ ! soldi]s ( ,m5elaus1 & put ! latt] to flight4 ,jason did n rema9 !re long1 h[ev]1 = x soon became kn[n t ,antio*us 0 alive & t he 0 m>*+ t[>ds ,j]usalem ) a l>ge army4 ,antio*us1 9 ! meantime1 _h be5 l$ to believe t ! entire ,jewi% nation _h revolt$2 & fur!r ang]$ by ! fact t ! news ( 8 dea? _h caus$ su* rejoic+1 quickly return$ f ,egypt2 & ent]$ ,j]usalem1 :]e he kill$ #dj1jjj ( ! inhabitants1 & took z _m captive4 ,he !n robb$ ! treasury ( ! ,temple1 & remov$ to ,antio* all ! sacr$ vessels1 ! table ( %ewbread1 ! gold5 c&le/ick1 & ! alt> ( inc5se4 ,,! ,,massacre ,,( ,,! ,,jews4 ,^u 8 return1 two ye>s lat] f ,egypt1 :]e he _h be5 expell$1 ,antio*us det]m9$ to av5ge himself ^u ! ,jews1 :om he n[ hat$ bitt]ly4 ,appolonius1 "o ( 8 *ief g5]als1 0 s5t to ,judea ) an army4 ,inasmu* z t g5]al _h be5 s5t !re be=e ) 8 troops z a collector ( taxes1 8 com+ caus$ no al>m4 ,8 soldi]s did n tr\ble ! inhabitants1 :o _h n ! slighte/ suspicion ( _! int5tions4 ,:5 ! ,sabba? came1 ! ,syrians1 kn[+ t ! ,jews w\ld n take up arms on t day ev5 9 self-def5ce1 fell ^u !m & slaught]$ !m m]cilessly4 ,! ,jews1 obey+ ! laws ( ! ,sabba?1 :i* =bade !m to fight on t day1 meekly submitt$ to be but*]$4 ,h\ses 7 pull$ d[n & plund]$1 & ! walls ( ! city de/roy$4 ,,! ,,desecration ,,( ,,! ,,temple4 ,! ,k+ next issu$ a decree =bidd+ ! ,jews to foll[ _! religion & _! cu/oms1 & ord]+ !m to adopt ! ,greek fai?4 ,! keep+ ( ! ,sabba? & ! read+ ( ! ,law 0 prohibit$ on pa9 ( dea?4 ,copies ( ! ,scriptures 7 writt5 ^u ) ! blood ( sw9e1 torn into pieces1 or burnt4 ,alt>s 7 set up all ov] ! c\ntry1 & unclean animals sacrific$ on !m4 ,! ,jews 7 =c$ to pr(ane ! ,sabba? & to eat ! fle% ( sw9e4 ,! ,temple 9 ,j]usalem 0 d$icat$ to ,jupit] ,olympus1 ^: /atue 0 erect$ on ! alt> ( burnt (f]+s1 & sacrifices made to x4 ,9 ord] to escape ?is t]rible p]secution1 _m ,jews fl$ f ! holy city to ! m\nta9s4 ,! once beautiful ,j]usalem1 9 :i* ! ,jewi% p _h = s _m ye>s enjoy$ happ9ess & peace1 0 n[ laid wa/e l a wild]ness & became an abode = /rang]s4 ,,antio*us ,,! ,,madman4 ,9 ord] to en=ce 8 laws1 ! cruel k+ ( ,syria s5t (fic]s to ! v>i\s p>ts ( 8 empire4 ,( ! two names by :i* ,antio*us 0 kn[n--,epiphanes1 ! 8,illu/ri\s0 & ,epimanes1 ! 8,madman0--he 0 m (t5 call$ by ! latt] "n4 ,he frequ5tly indulg$ 9 w9e1 & :ile "u its influ5ce he became a real madman4 ,8 highe/ ambition 0 to make "o p ( all 8 subjects4 ,9 ord] to accompli% ?is1 he ?\ght x be/1--& "h he 0 inde$ ,epimanes1 8! mad01--to compel !m to adopt "o fai?4 ,! ,jews h[ev]1 7 n go+ to submit to ! ra% dem&s ( a madman4 ,!y n[ began a /ruggle :i* has nev] be5 equall$ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,9 ! few ye>s t foll[$1 _m ,jews sacrific$ _! lives = refus+ to wor%ip hea!n idols & gods1 _m h]oes %$ _! blood on ! field ( battle to uphold _! religion4 ,,eleaz>4 ,9 ,antio*1 !re liv$ a pi\s old man 9 8 n9etie? ye>1 nam$ ,eleaz>4 ,:5 ! ov]se]s came to see t ! comm&s ( ! ,k+ 7 obey$1 ?is old man refus$ to eat ( ! sw9e's fle% :i* 0 (f]$ him4 ,! ,k+'s (fic] n wi%+ to h>m s old a man1 (f]$ to give him meat :i* he 0 all[$ to eat b :i* x w\ld be ann\nc$ 0 sw9e's fle%4 ,9 mak+ ?is (f]1 ! ov]se] ?\ght t if ! o!r p w\ld see ! respect$ ,eleaz> eat+ :at !y ?\ght 0 pig's fle%1 t !y w\ld readily d z he did4 ,! brave old man1 h[ev]1 refus$ to set su* an example to ! ,jews1 "s ( :om w\ld excuse _! weakness by 8 act4 ,he 0 !n /ripp$ ( 8 clo!s1 beat51 & tortur$4 ,! la/ words ( ! m>tyr 73 8,he>1 ,o ,israel1 ! ,"l our ,god is ,"o01 & !n he di$4 ,,hannah ,,& ,,h] ,,sev5 ,,sons4 ,ev5 m pitiable is ! /ory ( ,hannah & h] sev5 sons4 ,a wid[ & h] sons 7 br\ght be=e ,antio*us & comm&$ to b[ to 8 idols4 ,! ,k+ fir/ address$ ! olde/ ( ! sons1 say+3 8,b[ to my gods04 8,god =bid01 answ]$ ! olde/ son1 8t ,i %\ld b[ to y\r idols04 8,:y n80 ask$ ! ,k+4 8,because our comm&m5ts tea* u1 8,i am ! ,"l y\r ,god01 & ,i %all wor%ip no o!r04 ,aft] be+ cruelly tortur$ 9 ! sight ( 8 "m & bro!rs1 he 0 put to dea?4 8,y h se5 :at 0 done to y\r bro!r = disobey+ me4 ,n[1 b[ to my gods01 said ! ,k+ to ! second son4 8,y c torture me z y w01 said ! y\?4 8,i %all n b[ to y\r idols04 8,:y n80 ask$ ! ,k+4 8,because we are comm&$1 8,?\ %alt h no o!r ,god b me01 he answ]$4 ,! ,k+ ord]$ t he1 too1 be sla94 8,obey me & y\r life %all be sp>$01 said ! ,k+ to ! ?ird son1 aft] ?reat5+ to te> out 8 tongue & cut (f 8 h&s if he 7 n obey$4 8,d y seek to t]rify me01 cri$ ! brave lad4 8,our religion tea*es u1 8,?\ %alt wor%ip no o!r ,gods01 & l my bro!rs ,i %all n =sake my religion1 & l !m ,i %all die04 ,!n he 0 kill$4 8,d n ?9k t ,god has giv5 u into y\r h&s to add honor to y\r "n2 x is to make kn[n to ! _w t a m cruel & wick$ man has nev] liv$01 answ]$ ! fif? son :5 comm&$ to b[ to ! ,k+'s gods4 8,remove ! insol5t fell[01 cri$ ! ,k+1 full ( wra?4 ,& s ! brave boy di$4 ,! six? son 0 !n br\ght be=e ! ,k+4 ,b he1 too1 suff]$ ! fate ( 8 bro!rs4 ,f9ally1 !re rema9$ only ! "m & h] y\nge/ son1 a m]e *ild4 ,:5 ,antio*us saw him1 8 he>t 0 mov$1 & he spoke k9dly to ! *ild4 8,come1 my son10 he said to him1 8& b[ to my gods04 ,b ! boy foll[+ ! noble example set by 8 bro!rs1 refus$ to obey4 ,!n ! ,k+ tri$ to induce him to b[ by tempt+ (f]s ( ri*es & honor4 8,if y w b obey me01 ! ,k+ said to him1 8,i %all br+ y up 9 ri*es & spl5dor2 &1 :5 y are old en\gh1 ,i %all make ( y a mighty pr9ce1 second only to me04 ,antio*us c\ld promise :at he w\ld1 b ! *ild 0 n to be tempt$4 ,! mighty ,antio*us 0 conqu]$1 & n[ 8 greate/ desire 0 to induce ! boy to obey him4 ,to accompli% ?is1 he resort$ to a trick4 8,my son01 he said to him1 8y see y\r bro!rs ly+ dead be=e y2 if y w refuse to d z ,i ask y1 y %all %>e _! fate4 ,b ,i d n wi% to h>m y2 y are too "y to die4 ,i am go+ to ca/ my r+ on ! gr\nd1 pick x up & y\r life w be sp>$04 ,to kneel d[n & pick up ! r+ 0 n wrong1 x 0 only a m>k ( respect to ! ,k+ :i* ! ,jewi% ,law p]mitt$4 ,b ! boy1 "y z he 01 quickly saw t if he w\ld d s1 ! surr\nd+ cr[ds w\ld ?9k t he 0 b[+ to ! idol4 ,= ?is reason1 he refus$ to comply ) ! ,k+'s reque/4 ,! ,k+ 0 n[ gr[+ fa/ impati5t1 &1 z a la/ resort1 turn$ to ! "m & told h] to induce h] son to d z he reque/$ ( him4 ,b ! "m 0 z fai?ful to h] religion & brave z h] sons4 ,%e took h] son to an adjo9+ room1 & !re urg$ him to rema9 loyal & firm1 t he might soon rejo9 8 bro!rs 9 heav54 ,!n1 d5\nc+ ! cruel ,k+ 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms1 %e aga9 enc\rag$ him to rema9 fai?ful to ! laws ( _! fa!rs4 ,b ! boy knew himself :at 0 "r to d1 & soon told ! ,k+ t he w\ld nev] obey him4 ,! ,k+ n[ grew angry inde$1 & ord]$ t ! lad be sla94 ,b ! "m1 ?r[+ h] arms ar\nd ! boy1 begg$ ! ,k+ to kill h] in/ead ( h] son4 8,no01 answ]$ ! ,k+ mock+ly1 8,i _c d s because y\r own laws =bid x2 = is x n said1 8,:e!r x be an ox or a %eep1 ?\ %alt n kill x & its "y 9 "o day04 ,z ! boy 0 be+ l$ away1 ,hannah cri$ out1 8,i h surpass$ ,abraham4 ,he built "o alt> on :i* to sacrifice "o son1 :]eas ,i h built sev5 alt>s on :i* ,i h sacrific$ sev5 sons04 ,"o by "o ,hannah _h se5 h] sons cruelly murd]$2 &1 no long] able to endure h] mis]y1 %e jump$ d[n f a ro( & 0 kill$4 ,eleaz> & ,hannah & h] sev5 sons 7 only a few ( ! con/antly increas+ numb] ( m>tyrs1 :o pref]r$ to sacrifice _! lives ?an to disobey ! laws ( _! fa!rs4 ,nev] be=e _h ! ,jews be5 treat$ ) su* great cruelty1 b nev] be=e did !y endure _! mis]y ) great] c\rage4 ,x 0 9 va9 t ,antio*us ord]$ ! ,jews to wor%ip hea!n idols2 x 0 9 va9 t he comm&$ !m to adopt ! religion ( ! ,greeks4 ,9 _m t[ns ! royal (fic]s f\nd no "o to meet !m1 = ! inhabitants _h escap$ to ! m\nta9s1 :]e !y c\ld privately obs]ve _! laws4 ,! resi/ance :i* ! ,jews (f]$ only made ! ,k+ m angry1 & caus$ him to increase 8 cruelties4 ,h\ses 7 plund]$2 synagogues 7 de/roy$2 & ?\s&s ( ,jews 7 put to dea?1 victims ( ! wra? ( ! ,k+4 ,,matta?ias ,,& ,,8 ,,five ,,sons4 ,& ?us1 :5 ! ,jews 7 on ! v]ge ( be+ wip$ out z a nation =ev]1 !re arose 9 _! mid/ a family ( h]oes1 :o 7 de/9$ to free _! p f _! cruel oppressors1 & aga9 e/abli% _! indep5d5ce4 ,9 ,mod91 a small t[n 9 ,judea1 !re liv$ an old man by ! "n ( ,matta?ias4 ,he 0 ! head ( ! prie/ly family ( ,hasmoneans nam$ aft] ,hasmoneus1 8 great gr&-fa!r4 ,matta?ias 0 ! fa!r ( five gr[n-up sons1 ,jo*anan1 ,simon1 ,judas1 ,eleaz>1 & ,jona?an4 ,he saw h[ ! holy city 0 deliv]$ into ! h&s ( /rang]s1 h[ ! temple 0 robb$ ( its treasures & pr(an$ by ! ,syrians1 h[ m51 wom51 & *ildr5 7 be+ kill$ = obs]v+ ! ,jewi% laws1 & he m\rn$ = ,israel4 ,he 0 accu/om$ to say to 8 sons t x 7 f> bett] to sacrifice _! lives = _! religion ?an to submit to su* cruel treatm5t at ! h&s ( ! ,syrians4 ,:5 ! royal (fic] came to ,mod9 to en=ce ! comm&s ( ! ,k+1 he reque/$ ,matta?ias1 :o 0 ! olde/ ( ! community1 to make ! fir/ sacrifice to ! ,greek gods4 ,he indignantly refus$1 say+ t ?\gh e "o else 7 to yield1 yet he w\ld r die ?an =sake 8 religion4 ,he !n comm&$ 8 sons to foll[ 8 example4 ,:5 a c[>dly apo/ate /epp$ =w>d to (f] ! sacrifice1 ,matta?ias c\ld n re/ra9 himself1 & kill$ bo? ! ,jew & ! (fic]4 ,,! ,,escape ,,to ,,! ,,m\nta9s4 ,matta?ias !n cri$ out 9 a l\d voice1 8,:osoev] is zeal\s = ! ,law1 & supporte? ! ,cov5ant1 foll[ me01 ) 8 sons & a few ( 8 foll[]s1 ,matta?ias fl$ to ! m\nta9s4 ,_m ,jews :o favor$ _! plan ( resi/ance n[ jo9$ _! numb]s4 ,:5ev] ! opportunity (f]$1 !y w\ld attack ! ,syrian g>risons1 & (t5 7 successful4 ,!y drove out ! ov]se]s ( ! ,k+ :o came to en=ce idol wor%ipp+1 & de/roy$ e hea!n alt> !y ga9$ access to4 ,!y ree/abli%$ public wor%ip1 & did :at 0 9 _! p[] to re/ore ! gov]nm5t ( ,israel4 ,! ,syrian g5]als1 h[ev]1 soon f\nd out h[ ! ,jews 7 occupy+ !mselves4 ,tak+ advantage ( _! /rict obs]vance ( ! ,sabba?1 !y attack$ "o ?\s& ,jews1 :o1 hav+ escap$ to a cave1 all[$ !mselves to be slaught]$ )\t mak+ any attempt to def5d !mselves4 ,matta?ias1 =esee+ t if ! ,jews w\ld (f] no resi/ance on ! ,sabba?1 t !y w\ld quickly be wip$ out1 decid$ t x 0 n only lawful = !m to fight on t day1 b t x 0 _! duty to d s4 ,! decision ( ,matta?ias 0 accept$ by all1 & ! ,jews !reaft] did n hesitate to fight on ! ,sabba?1 :5 _! lives 7 at /ake4 ,,! ,,dea? ,,( ,,matta?ias4 ,z ,matta?ias 0 too old to endure ! h>d%ips ( w>1 he f\nd himself gr[+ weak] ea* day4 ,kn[+ t he 0 ab\t to die1 he summon$ 8 sons ar\nd him1 gave !m 8 la/ bless+1 & enc\rag$ !m to cont9ue ! noble "w :i* he _h begun4 ,he appo9t$ ,judas1 :o 0 ! brave/ ( 8 sons1 to be _! lead] 9 battle1 & ,simon1 :o 0 ! wise/ ( !m1 ! c\nsellor ( ! nation4 ,!n ,matta?ias di$1 & ! :ole nation m\rn$ = him4 ,,judas ,,maccabaeus4 ,an abl] lead] ?an ,judas c\ld n h be5 *os54 ,a giant 9 /ature1 x 0 said ( him t :5 he walk$1 ! e>? trembl$ b5ea? him1 & t 8 battle-cry res\nd$ l ! ro> ( a lion4 ,8 bold fe>lessness made him ! t]ror ( 8 enemies1 :o %runk f him4 ,b besides 8 great /r5g? & 8 rem>kable c\rage1 he possess$ t love = 8 ,god1 t en?usiasm = 8 religion t left no?+ impossible4 ,no disadvantage 0 = him too great to ov]come2 no army too num]\s to defeat4 ,8 p]sonal /r5g? & extraord9>y brav]y won = him 8 surname 8,maccabee01 a ,hebrew ^w mean+ 8,hamm]]04 ,!re are _m :o say t ?is surname is d]iv$ f ! fir/ lett]s ( ! ,hebrew words 8,:o is l !e1 ,o ,"l among ! ,gods01 :i* 7 inscrib$ on ,judas's bann]4 ,at fir/1 ,judas 0 ! only "o to be honor$ by ! surname 8,maccabee02 b1 lat]1 ! "n pass$ to 8 bro!rs2 &1 f9ally1 to all :o f\ght "u 8 /&>d4 ,,! ,,defeat ,,( ,,appolonius4 ,judas w5t a /ep fur!r ?an 8 fa!r1 =tify+ ^? cities :i* he took by surprise4 ,8 small troop gradually became a small army1 numb]+ six ?\s&4 ,hav+ assur$ himself t he c\ld rely on !m1 ,judas prep>$ to meet ! enemy on ! field4 ,appolonius1 ! ,syrian g5]al :o _h rec5tly plund]$ ,j]usalem & murd]$ its inhabitants1 0 soon in=m$ ( ! revolt1 & rais$ a l>ge army to cru% ,judas4 ,b ,judas1 al?\gh 8 army 0 only a h&ful comp>$ ) ! l>ge =ces ( ! enemy1 m>*$ aga9/ ,appolonius1 & totally defeat$ 8 army & slew him4 ,judas took ! sword ( ,appolonius z a trophy1 & us$ x 9 all 8 latt] battles4 ,,! ,,r\t+ ,,( ,,s]on4 ,s]on1 ! ,syrian lieut5ant1 ar\s$ by ! news ( ,appolonius's defeat1 ga!r$ a /ill l>g] army ?an t :i* _h be5 defeat$1 & advanc$ aga9/ ,judas4 ,accord+ to _! usual cu/om be=e fight+1 ,judas & 8 m5 _h fa/$2 &1 weak ) hung] & fatigue1 ! ,jews despair$ ( success :5 !y saw :at a mighty ho/ 0 com+ to meet !m4 ,b ,judas enc\rag$ !m to fight boldly aga9/ ! oppressors ( _! p1 say+ t /r5g? came f heav5 & n f l>ge numb]s1 & rem9d+ !m t !y f\ght = _! lives & _! laws4 ,:5 he _h f9i%$ speak+ he ru%$ ^u ! ,syrians z !y 7 asc5d+ ! rocky hills at ,be?oron4 ,s]on fell e>ly 9 ! battle1 & 8 army1 confus$ & )\t a comm&]1 0 r\t$ ) great loss ( life4 ,,! ,,syrian ,,gov]nm5t ,,plac$ ,,9 ,,*>ge ,,( ,,lysias4 ,:5 ,k+ ,antio*us he>d ( ! victories ( ,judas1 he 0 greatly ang]$ & rais$ a l>ge army to cru% him4 ,b along ) ! news ( ! upris+ ( ! ,jews came ! report t 8 ea/]n prov9ces1 ,arm5ia & ,p]sia1 _h refus$ to pay _! tribute4 ,f9d+ 8 treasury almo/ empty1 ! ,k+ 0 =c$ to leave ,antio* to collect ! tribute f ^! prov9ces by =ce4 ,he gave ,lysias1 "o ( ! royal blood1 "o-half ( all ! ,syrian =ces2 & plac$ him 9 *>ge ( 8 k+dom1 ) ord]s to de/roy ! ,jewi% nation1 & p _! l& ) /rang]s4 ,,judas',s ,,victory ,,ov] ,,nicanor ,,& ,,gorgias4 ,9 ob$i5ce to ! ,k+'s comm&1 ,lysias s5t out1 on ! foll[+ ye>1 =ty ?\s& footm5 & five ?\s& horse1 "u ,nicanor & ,gorgias4 ,^! g5]als set out = ,judea1 & encamp$ on ! pla9s ( ,emmaus4 ,s confid5t 7 ! ,syrians ( victory1 t ,nicanor1 "o ( _! g5]als1 ann\nc$ be=e h& a sale ( ,jewi% captives at n9ety = a tal5t--ab\t #ajjj4 ,_m ,slave-,m]*ants 7 9 ?is way attract$ to ! camp1 ea* suppli$ ) l>ge am\nts ( gold & silv] & *a9s to lead (f _! slaves4 ,judas1 9 ! meantime1 hav+ he>d t ! ,syrian armies _h come to fight aga9/ him1 assembl$ 8 six ?\s& m5 at ,mizpah ne> ,emmaus1 :]e !y fa/$ & pray$ z 9 ! days ( ,samuel4 ,!y op5$ ! books ( ! ,law1 ^u :i* ! hea!ns _h pa9t$ images ( _! gods2 & !y 7 rem9d$ ( ! desolation ( _! holy city1 ! pr(an+ ( ! ,temple1 & all ! wick$ de$s ( ,antio*us4 ,!n ,judas1 9 /rict accordance ) ! ,law1 ord]$ all ^? :o _h rec5tly m>ri$1 built a h\se1 plant$ a v9ey>d1 or 7 afraid1 to return to _! homes4 ,8 army1 z a result1 0 r$uc$ f six ?\s& to ?ree ?\s& m54 ,judas !n enc\rag$ ! rema9+ m5 to fight bravely = _! p1 & ord]$ !m to prep>e = battle4 ,9 ! meantime1 ,gorgias ) five ?\s& footm5 & "o ?\s& horse1 _h set out to surprise ! ,jewi% army by night4 ,b ,judas 0 soon in=m$ ( ?is movem5t1 & he imm$iately devis$ a plan by :i* he c\ld take advantage ( ! sep>ation ( ! two g5]als4 ,sil5tly & quickly he ga!r$ 8 m51 & set out ) !m = ,emmaus1 :]e ! rema9d] ( ! ,syrian army "u ,nicanor lay encamp$4 ,x 0 morn+ be=e he arriv$2 &1 enc\rag+ 8 m5 n to fe> ! l>ge numb] ( ! enemy by rem9d+ !m h[ ! ,jews 7 sav$ f ! ,egyptians 9 ! ,r$ ,sea1 he ru%$ d[n ^u ! ,syrians4 ,! ,syrian g5]al1 ?9k+ t ,gorgias w\ld easily cru% ! small army ( ! ,jews1 _h tak5 no /eps to gu>d aga9/ a surprise4 ,! ,syrians1 panic-/rick5 & confus$1 (f]$ b feeble resi/ance1 & fl$ f all sides4 ,sev]al t5ts _h be5 set on fire 9 ! confusion1 b ,judas wisely =bade ! ,jews to ext+ui% ! flames or to plund] ! camps1 = ,gorgias _h to be met & defeat$4 ,gorgias & 8 army1 mean:ile1 f9d+ ! camps ( ! ,jews des]t$1 ?\ght t !y _h fl$ to ! m\nta9s1 & w5t to look = !m4 ,b :at 0 _! surprise :5 !y beheld ! smoke ris+ f ! t5ts ( _! comrades6 ,?us deceiv$1 ! ,syrians lo/ all _! c\rage2 &1 ^u see+ ,judas m>*+ t[>d !m1 !y too turn$ _! backs & fl$4 ,x 0 a great victory = ! ,maccabaean soldi]s1 & !y return$ joyfully to ! ,syrian camps1 :]e !y exam9$ _! ri* plund]1 consi/+ n only ( l>ge quantities ( food & clo?+1 b also ( ! l>ge sums ( money :i* ! slave deal]s _h br\ght along ) !m4 ,z a j puni%m5t = ! slave deal]s :o _h come to buy1 ! ,jews sold z _m ( !m z !y c\ld f9d1 z slaves4 ,! next day 0 ! ,sabba?1 & x 0 inde$ a day ( re/ & rejoic+ = ! brave ,jews4 ,,! ,,retreat ,,( ,,lysias4 ,nicanor1 :o _h escap$ f ,judea disguis$ z a slave1 n[ return$ to ,antio*1 :]e he in=m$ ,lysias ( 8 defeat4 ,at ?is news1 ,lysias 0 ar\s$2 & rais$ a /ill l>g] army ?an any t _h be5 s5t be=e aga9/ ,judea1 ?is "t consi/+ ( sixty ?\s& footm5 & five ?\s& horse4 ,at ! head ( ?is va/ multitude1 ,lysias himself m>*$ aga9/ ! ,jews4 ,judas ) only t5 ?\s& m5 met ! ,syrian army at ,be?-,tsur1 :]e ! battle took place4 ,al?\gh ,lysias lo/ b five ?\s& m51 he 0 disc\rag$ f cont9u+ battle1 = he saw t ! ,jews 7 det]m9$ to conqu] or die4 ,he !re=e made 8 retreat f ,judea & return$ to ,antio*4 ,,! ,,purification ,,( ,,! ,,temple4 ,n[ t ,lysias1 ! /ronge/ ( ! ,k+'s g5]als1 _h be5 driv5 f ,judea1 ! victori\s ,jews c\ld turn _! att5tion to ! holy city1 :i* _h be5 defil$ by ! ,syrians4 ,judas & 8 m5 n[ ent]$ ,j]usalem4 ,!y f\nd ! city 9 ru9s1 ! alt> pr(an$1 ! gates ( ! city burn$ up1 & %rubs gr[+ 9 ! inn] c\rts ( ! ,temple4 ,at ! sight ( ?is desolation1 ! ,jews r5t _! clo!s1 put a%es on _! heads1 & cri$ t[>ds heav54 ,b ,judas did n all[ 8 m5 to sp5d too mu* "t 9 useless lam5tation1 & set out at once to cleanse ! ,temple4 ,he !n *ose prie/s to ent] ! ,temple to repair & purify x4 ,! alt> :i* _h be5 defil$ by ! hea!ns1 !y set up anew4 ,! holy vessels1 :i* _h be5 pr(an$ by ! ,syrians1 !y replac$ ) new ones4 ,s zeal\sly 0 ! "w ( ! re/oration c>ri$ on1 t on ! #be? day ( ! mon? ( ,kislev1 ! public wor%ip c\ld aga9 be p]=m$4 ,) songs & ?anksgiv+1 ! ,jews d$icat$ ! ,temple anew on t happy day4 ,! ,talmud relates t :5 ! purification ( ! ,temple _h be5 complet$1 no consecrat$ oil c\ld be f\nd ) :i* to light ! gold5 c&le/ick4 ,aft] a c>eful se>*1 h[ev]1 a small bottle ( oil1 ) ! seal ( a =m] ,high ,prie/ /ill on x1 0 f\nd4 ,b x conta9$ only a small quantity ( oil1 h>dly suffici5t to la/ = "o day4 ,b lo6 a miracle happ5$4 ,:5 ! oil 0 lit1 n only did x la/ = "o day b = eight days6 ,?is 0 int]pret$ z a sure sign t ,god 0 look+ ^u ! "w ( 8 p ) favor1 & s]v$ to increase _! happ9ess4 ,:at a *ange ! condition ( ! ,jews _h und]gone6 ,only ?ree ye>s be=e ! ,temple _h be5 d$icat$ to ,jupit] ,olympus1 & ! fle% ( sw9e sacrific$ on ! alt> ( inc5se4 ,& n[1 ! mo/ p[]ful ( ! ,syrian g5]als _h be5 driv5 out f ,judea4 ,! brave/ ( !m fe>$ ! t]rible ,maccabee1 ^: fame z a w>rior 0 n[ spread f> & wide4 ,public wor%ip _h be5 re/or$1 n to be discont9u$ aga9 until ! capture ( ,j]usalem by ! ,romans1 sev]al hundr$ ye>s lat]4 ,al?\gh ! w> cont9u$ = _m ye>s long]1 yet ) ! d$ication ( ! ,temple & ! public obs]vance ( ! ,jewi% ,laws1 ! actual rule ( ! ,syrians may be said to h come to an end4 ,judea 0 n[ practically indep5d5t4 ,,! ,,fe/ival ,,( ,,*anuka4 ,! re/oration ( ! public wor%ip 9 ! ,temple 0 an ev5t well wor? rememb]+2 &1 = ?is reason1 ,judas & ! ,great ,c\ncil decid$ t ! eight days beg9n+ ) ! #be? ( ,kislev %\ld be celebrat$ h5ce=?1 annually1 z a fe/ival ( rejoic+ & ?anksgiv+ to commemorate ! victory ( ! small b& ( ,jews ov] ! mighty ho/s ( ! ,syrians4 ,to ?is day1 ?is fe/ival :i* is kn[n z ! 8,fea/ ( ,d$ication01 is celebrat$ by ! ,jews ea* ye> all ov] ! _w4 ,on ! eight days c&les are lit1 & special pray]s are (f]$ to ! ,"l = t ,he sav$ 8 p f be+ wip$ out z a nation =ev]4 ,illu/ration ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,! foll[+ issues %\ld be not$1 along ) ! resolution3 #g 0 deposit$ by wid[s & orphans = ,jo9$4 safe-keep+4 #g deprive ! rightful own]s ( _! prop]ty1 & ,add$4 #ag 0 n wrong1 x 0 only a m>k ( respect to ,add$4 #ah ,& ?us1 :5 ! ,jews 7 on ! v]ge ( ,add$4 #bh ) new ones4 ,s zeal\sly 0 ! "w ( ! ,add$4 re/oration #bi ,! re/oration ( ! pup_/blic wor%ip 9 ! ,replac$4