,,wom53 ,,an ,,inquiry                  
,,! ,,hog>? ,,essays        ,i4 ,,mr4   
,,b5nett ,,& ,,mrs4 ,,br[n4        ,by  
,,virg9ia ,,woolf4 #bs4 #f;d4      ,,ii4
 ,,! ,,arti/ ,,& ,,psy*o-,,analysis4    
,by ,,rog] ,,fry4 #bs4 #f;d4      ,,iii4
 ,,h5ry ,,james ,,at ,,"w4        ,by   
,,!odora ,,bosanquet4 #bs4 #f;d4        
,,iv4 ,,homage ,,to ,,john ,,dryd54     
,by ,t4 ,s4 ,,eliot4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,v4
 ,,hi/riophone4        ,by ,,bonamy     
,,dobr,e4 #cs4 #f;d4      ,,vi4 ,,9     
,,retreat4        ,by ,,h]b]t ,,read4   
#cs4 #f;d4      ,,vii4 ,,fe> ,,&        
,,politics3 ,a ,,debate ,,at ,,! ,,zoo4 
,by ,,leon>d ,,woolf4 #bs4 #f;d4        
,,viii4 ,,contempor>y ,,te*niques ,,(   
,,poetry4        ,by ,,rob]t ,,graves4  
#cs4 #f;d4      ,,ix4 ,,! ,,"* ,,(      
,,john ,,dryd54        ,by ,,alan       
,,lubbock4 #bs4 #f;d4      ,x4 ,,wom53  
,an ,inquiry4        ,by ,,willa ,,muir4
 #bs4 #f;d4      ,,xi4 ,,poetry ,,&     
,,criticism4        ,by ,,edi?          
,,sitwell4 #bs4 #f;d4                   

,,wom53 ,,an ,,inquiry                  
,,by                                    
,,willa ,,muir                          
,publi%$ by               ,leon>d       
,virg9ia ,woolf at ,! ,hog>? ,press     
#eb ,tavi/ock ,squ>e1 ,london1 ,w4,c4 #a
                                   #aibe
                                        
,,to                                    
,,violet ,,s*iff                        
,pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita9 by              
,,neill  ,,co41 ,,ltd41 ,,ed9burgh      
8,me?9ks1 bro!r10 repli$ my fa!r1 8y    
might1 at lea/1 "k s   mu* z ! "r end ( 
a woman f ! wrong40        ,! ,life &   
,op9ions ( ,tri/ram ,%&y4               
,,wom53 ,,an ,,inquiry                  
,,introductory      ,,m5 & wom5 are     
latecom]s to ?is planet1 b !y h exi/$  =
 a v long "t1 judg$ by human /&>ds4 ,"o 
might reasonably  expect ! diff]5ce     
betwe5 !m1 if x is an ess5tial diff]5ce1
  to be n[ capable ( =mulation4 ,an     
ess5tial diff]5ce w\ld be a  diff]5ce   
di/9ctively human1 t is1 spiritual z    

well z physical1  & at ! same "t        
di/9ctively sexual4    ,ext]nal         
diff]5ces1 su* z ! pres5ce or abs5ce (  
be>ds &  o!r second>y sexual            
*>act]i/ics1 d n satisfy ! fir/  "p (   
?is def9ition1 & are to be disreg>d$4   
,_m s-call$  diff]5ces 9 social behavi\r
 are also n ess5tial diff]5ces4 ,a      
valuable book writt5 by ! ,va]t+s#a has 
made ?is cle>4 ,9 a  ,/ate :]e m5 are   
dom9ant1 z 9 mo/ ( our civilis$ ,/ates =
  ! pa/ two ?\s& ye>s1 c]ta9 attributes 
are consid]$ to be  *>act]i/ic ( wom5   
:i* are equally *>act]i/ic ( m5 9 a     
,/ate :]e wom5 are dom9ant1 z x is said 
!y 7 = "s "t  9 anci5t ,egypt4 ,!       
subord9ate sex 9 ea* case is exclud$ f  
complete developm5t1 & is consid]$ to be
 less intellig5t1 less  c\rage\s1 & m   
dome/icat$ ?an ! dom9ant sex4 ,9 fact1  
m5 & wom5 %>e jo9tly 9 :at is call$     
human nature1 & are  alike capable (    
c\rage1 fe>1 cruelty1 t5d]ness1         
intellig5ce1  & /upidity4 ,:5 exhil>at$ 
by p[] & responsibility !y  display ! m 

dom9at+ qualities1 & 9 subord9ate       
positions  !y manife/ a 8slave          
psy*ology40 ,!re=e m5 & wom5 are n to   
be diff]5tiat$ z brave or timid1        
intellig5t or /upid1 /rong or  weak1    
because a classification ( ?is k9d is   
too broadly human &  n di/9ctively      
sexual4    ,x is n ass]t$ t second>y    
physiological diff]5ces betwe5  ! sexes 
or social diff]5ces 9 behavi\r h no     
significance4  ,possibly sexual         
diff]5tiation is s fundam5tal t x       
modifies  ! lea/ reactions ( m5 & wom52 
b to beg9 an inve/igation  ( ^! w\ld    
require exhau/ive sci5tific in=mation   
outside !  scope ( ?is essay1 :i* is an 
attempt to discov] if ! division  ( !   
human race into m5 & wom5 involves a    
division ( spiritual  z well z ( sexual 
functions1 s t ! creative "w ( wom5 is  
diff]5t 9 k9d f ! creative "w ( m54 ,f  
?is po9t (  view ! diff]5ces m5tion$ are
 significant z effects r ?an  causes1 & 
a consid]ation ( !m mu/ be dismiss$ z   
unfruitful4  ,! aim ( ?is essay1 !n1 is 

to f9d a conception ( womanhood z       
some?+ ess5tially diff]5t f manhood4 ,an
 ess5tial diff]5ce  w\ld p]si/ ?r\gh all
 ! v>iations ( behavi\r caus$ by !      
dom9ance ( ei!r sex3 consequ5tly !      
validity ( ?is inquiry is  n impair$ by 
! re/riction ( its mat]ial to !         
activities (  m5 & wom5 9 our pres5t    
"o-sid$ civilisation4 ,! k  t x is      
"o-sid$1 because m5 h = s long be5      
dom9ant ov]  wom51 is valuable 9 help+  
to di/+ui% :at is ess5tial f  :at is    
accid5tal4 ,! subord9ation ( wom5 makes 
x difficult b  n impossible to recognise
 ! ess5tial quality ( womanhood4 ,9 a   
mascul9e civilisation ! creative "w (   
wom5 may be belittl$1  mis9t]pret$1 or  
d5i$3 b if x is a reality1 its exi/5ce w
  be prov$ at lea/ by ! emotional col\r 
( ! d5ial4                              
,i      ,x is !re=e legitimate to       
consid] ! composite picture (  woman    
pres5t$ to u by ! beliefs & op9ions     
record$ by m54  ,^! op9ions are curi\sly
 contradictory & at ! same "t  g5]alis$4

 ,9 spite ( ! int5se int]e/ felt 9      
individual  wom51 g5]alisations ab\t    
wom5 are common1 :]eas g5]alisations    
ab\t m5 are made w>ily1 if at all4 ,m5  
are fell[-creatures ( _m  diff]5t k9ds3 
conclusions are drawn ab\t classes ( m51
 su* z  k+s1 /atesm51 or w>riors1 angry 
m51 fooli% m51 or /rang]s2  b no?+ less 
?an a univ]sal attribute ( humanity is  
atta*$  to all m51 su* z t m5 are       
mortal1 or subject to ,fate1 or         
incon/ant4 ,b x is s]i\sly believ$ by   
,moslems t wom5 h no  s\ls4 ,?\s&s (    
,*ri/ians believe t wom5 are n          
intellig5t4  ,my/ics believe t wom5 are 
on a l[] plane ( spiritual  developm5t  
?an m54 ,wom5 h no s5se ( ju/ice1 no    
s5se (  hon\r3 wom5 _c be tru/$ )       
political p[]3 wom5 are all !  bett] = a
 good beat+ ) a /ick4 ,^! g5]alisations 
reflect  man z ! dom9ant sex1 consci\s (
 8 sup]iority4 ,b "o comes  at once ^u  
contradictions4 ,e great man has be5    
inspir$ by "s  woman4 ,! h& t rocks !   
cradle indisputably rules ! _w4 ,a      

woman 0 ! fir/ cause ( orig9al s91 b a  
woman 0 ! ,"m  ( ,god4 ,:at does ?is    
mean8 ,half ( ! picture is t+$ ) vague  
contempt1 & ! o!r half ) vague rev]5ce4 
,app>5tly !  av]age man sees woman      
alt]nately z an inf]ior be+ & z an      
angel4    ,"o mu/ conclude t he is look+
 at h] ?r\gh a di/ort+  m$ium4 ,8       
conception ( h] z an inf]ior be+ is     
natural1 9 a  man-made ,/ate1 & 7 %e    
really inf]ior x w\ld /op !re4  ,8 vague
 rev]5ce = h] rema9s to prev5t ?is      
conclusion3 x is  c]ta9ly a comp5sation 
= some?+1 a di/ort$ recognition (  "s   
half-guess$-at p[] 9 wom54 ,x looks z if
 man kn[s t  ! inf]iority ( woman is a  
fiction1 t 8 dom9ation ( h] &  8 refusal
 to admit h] to 8 own level are n       
ju/ifi$4 ,9 !  backgr\nd !re lurks a fe>
 ( reprisals4 ,! di/ort+ m$ium  conta9s 
fe> z "o ( its elem5ts4    ,9 m5's      
societies ( a primitive or arre/$ type  
:]e ! etiquette  ( conduct betrays its  
orig91 "o c see cle>ly man's fe> (      
woman4 ,woman possesses "s my/]i\s p[]  

:i* mu/ be av]t$  by elaborate taboos4  
,a woman c ru9 a man's *ances ( success 
9  hunt+ or fi%+ by t\*+ 8 ge>4 ,a      
woman's %ad[ c blight a  religi\s       
c]emony4 ,wom5 are p>ticul>ly to be fe>$
 :5 !y are  m5/ruat+ or 9 *ildb$4 ,! mo/
 t]rible gho/ is t ( a woman  :o dies 9 
*ildb$4 ,9 m develop$ societies m5 burn 
old crones  z wit*es 9 possession ( !   
evil eye4 ,& ev5 to-day1 especially  9  
politics1 m5 f9d x difficult to rid     
!mselves ( ! uneasy  suspicion t wom5   
are dang]\s4    ,?is fe> proves !       
artificiality ( man's dom9ation4 ,"o c  
be  sceptical ( any claim to sup]iority 
:i* ?r[s su* a %ad[4  ,natural          
dom9ation1 t dom9ation ( skill &        
exp]i5ce :i* is  expect$ ( a physician 9
 a sick-room1 or ( a capta9 on 8 %ip1   
e/abli%es itself )\t arrogance & fe>1 & 
is ex]cis$ )9  its natural limits 9     
p>ticul> directions4 ,! physician does n
  int]f]e ) navigation2 ! capta9 claims 
no div9e "r (  au?ority ov] m$ical      
prescriptions4 ,b ! dom9ation claim$ by 

m5 ov] wom5 has be5 a k9d ( magical     
quality1 an absolute &  div9e "r (      
au?ority1 a mass dom9ation1 &1 l all o!r
 mass  dom9ations1 root$ 9 fe>4    ,b   
m5's fe> ( wom5 proves only t wom5 are n
 naturally  inf]ior & subord9ate4 ,x    
does n prove t !y are diff]5t  f m54    
,!re rema9s ! o!r side ( ! picture1     
h[ev]1  ) its s5tim5talis$ ideal ( wom54
 ,a rev]5ce = woman z a  "m appe>s      
cle>ly3 ! "m is elevat$ to a place 9    
heav5  & wor%ipp$ z ! ,"m ( ,god1 or z !
 ,"m ( ! ,gods4  ,n[ mo!rhood is an     
undisput$ function ( wom5 :i* !y d n    
%>e ) m54 ,at ! l[e/ e/imate ( _! p[]s  
all wom5 are  pot5tial mo!rs4 ,m5 are   
born ( wom51 & ( wom5 only4 ,x mu/ be   
an important function1 = m5 h tri$ to   
belittle x4 ,! !ology  ( ! mascul9e _w  
br&$ ,eve z ! fir/ cause ( evil1 &      
expla9$ ! pa9s ( *ild-bir? z a j        
puni%m5t f heav54  ,/ill m significant1 
h[ev]1 is ! fact t ,adam & ,eve 7       
creat$ by a mascul9e ,god 9 a g>d51 & t 
! !ologians c\ld  n leave !m !re4 ,x 0  

necess>y to br+ !m f ! plane (  ab/ract 
art on to ! plane ( humanity4 ,b only a 
woman c create  human be+s1 & !re=e x 0 
! woman :o _h to br+ !m out  ( ! my?ical
 g>d5 into reality--a confession (      
failure = !  !ologians1 & !y wreak$ _!  
rev5ge on ,eve4 ,yet 9 spite (  !mselves
 !y 7 driv5 to attribute to a woman !   
decisive action  :i* trans=m$ ! figm5ts 
( a male ,god into m5 & wom54    ,b     
mo!rhood 0 smir*$ ) orig9al s94 ,lat] on
 x 0 /ill  fur!r belittl$4 ,wom5 7      
reg>d$ z m]e receptacles1 passive       
receptive bodies :i* creat$ no?+4 ,m5   
mu/ h felt t  mo!rhood 0 important1 or  
!y w\ld n h tri$ to expla9 x  away      
altoge!r4 ,b ! s5tim5tal ideal ( woman z
 ! "m  /ill p]si/$1 especially among m51
 & c\ld n be expla9$  away3 s1 f9ally1  
mo!rhood 0 all[$ by popul> op9ion to be 
a  creative function1 b ( a purely      
physical nature1 & x 0 fur!r  def9$ z ! 
sole ju/ifiable function ( wom54 ,mr4   
,rudy>d ,kipl+  express$ ?is v neatly :5
 he said t bl9d ,nature made man =      

sev]al ends & woman = only "o4 ,9       
,ori5tal c\ntries ! /ill  m logical     
conclusion is drawn t wom5 ju/ify _!    
exi/5ce  only by produc+ m5-*ildr54 ,9 a
 society committ$ to ?is po9t  ( view   
*ildless wom5 are failures 9 life1 & !  
unm>ri$ woman  is a ridicul\s nuisance4 
,if social rem$ies su* z polygamy1      
suttee1  infanticide1 or eu?anasia are n
 put into practice1 ! phrase  8sup]flu\s
 wom50 comes into exi/5ce1 & ! ,/ate is 
%ak5 by  ! problem ( :at to d ) its     
sup]flu\s wom54                         
,,ii      ,yet if mo!rhood c be def9$1  
rightly or wrongly1 z ! sole  function (
 wom51 x mu/ be a function :i* 9 "s     
degree expresses  ! quality ( womanhood 
z di/9ct f manhood4 ,ev5 9 ?is          
artificially n>r[$ field ( activity "o  
%\ld be able to f9d "s  clue to !       
ess5tial nature ( wom54 ,x is !re=e     
advisable fir/  ( all to comp>e mo!rhood
 & fa!rhood4    ,fa!rhood seems ! m     
casual relation%ip ( ! two4 ,x _c be    
prov$ ) ! same c]ta9ty z mo!rhood4 ,9 a 

mascul9e ,/ate1  :]e ! fa!r is ! only   
legal p>5t1 ! in/itution ( m>riage  is  
necess>y to prev5t fa!rs f successfully 
disclaim+ _!  *ildr54 ,mat]nity is n s  
easily d5i$1 & 9 a fem99e ,/ate  x c\ld 
be prov$ )\t ! aid ( a m>riage contract4
 ,:]e !  "m is ! sole legal p>5t civil  
m>riage is unnecess>y4 ,h5ce1  z !      
,va]t+s po9t out1 ba/>dy is unkn[n 9 a  
fem99e ,/ate4 ,a  "m's connection ) h]  
*ild is m obvi\s & imm$iate ?an a       
fa!r's4 ,a man c be a p>5t )\t kn[+ x3 a
 woman _c4    ,mo!rhood is also a great]
 tax on vital en]gy ?an fa!rhood1 ev5   
if we take mo!rhood m]ely z a physical  
function4 ,! process (  be>+ a *ild     
culm9ates 9 a crisis :i* exhau/s a      
woman's en]gy3  to su* an ext5t1 inde$1 
t wom5 (t5 die ( x4 ,moreov]1 x is  a   
process :i*1 once initiat$1 is n "u     
consci\s control1 s  t ! res]ve ( en]gy 
drawn ^u is n delib]ately assign$ to    
?is purpose by its own]4 ,x is n at h]  
free disposal to grant or  to )hold2 x  
_c be exhau/$ by an act dep5d+ on       

consci\s  volition4 ,! race 9 ?is       
respect is /rong] ?an ! individual4     
,x may be t "h we are on ! track ( an   
ess5tial diff]5ce  betwe5 m5 & wom5 9 ! 
di/ribution ( en]gy4 ,if fa!rhood  is a 
m casual relation%ip & uses up less "t &
 en]gy ?an  mo!rhood1 x looks z if !    
specifically sexual life ( m5 does n    
require su* a jeal\sly gu>d$ res]ve (   
en]gy z t ( wom54  ,?is w\ld be true (  
all m5 & all wom51 = su* a fundam5tal   
process z ! propagation ( ! human race  
c\ld n be left to a  section ( humanity4
 ,z f> z ! race is conc]n$1 all wom5 are
  pot5tial mo!rs1 & mu/ h ! necess>y    
res]ve ( en]gy =  ?is function :e!r !y  
int5d to become mo!rs or n4 ,!y _c  wa/e
 x ev5 if !y w\ld4 ,?us m5 h m en]gy to 
wa/e on  _! own individual purposes ?an 
wom53 t is to say1 m5 h m  en]gy at _!  
consci\s disposal4                      
,,iii      ,! implications ( ?is        
hypo!sis mu/ be consid]$4 ,x is         
attractive because x e/abli%es an       
ess5tial diff]5ce betwe5 m5  & wom5 :i* 

makes !m complem5t>y to ea* o!r4 ,!re c 
be  no "q ( absolute dom9ation ( "o sex 
by ! o!r :5 !  /r5g? ( ea* lies 9 a     
diff]5t direction4 ,if man's en]gy is   
div]t$ m into consci\s life1 woman's    
en]gy is div]t$ m into  unconsci\s life1
 & "o is n m important ?an ! o!r4 ,x is 
a relative1 n an absolute diff]5ce2 bo? 
m5 & wom5 are human  be+s1 & all t      
conc]ns human be+s is _! jo9t affair4 ,b
  x means1 z w be se51 a diff]5ce 9 !   
k9d ( creative "w  done by ea*3 !y w    
tackle ! same ?+s f a diff]5t po9t  (   
view1 & ) diff]5t results4 ,on ?is basis
 m5 & wom5 w\ld  ea* h an equal "r1 ! "r
 ( ! creative _s to d its  "w )\t let or
 h9drance4    ,consci\s life implies    
rational ?9k+4 ,9 ?9k+ ab\t ?+s  we     
arrange !m 9 patt]ns1 we give !m =m &   
sy/em4 ,b we d  n give !m cont5t2       
consci\s life modifies or seizes ^u ?+s 
:i* x does n orig9ate4 ,gr[? is a       
process :i* is already  well advanc$    
be=e x ent]s consci\sness at all4 ,our  
patt]ns (  ?\ght1 !re=e1 c nev] be f9al3

 !y mu/ f "t to "t be  brok5 & re-=m$ to
 admit new factors pu%$ into            
consci\sness4  ,b ! exi/5ce (           
?\ght-patt]ns makes x easi] to recognise
 !  significance ( new factors1 s9ce a  
?\ght1 once =mulat$1 c be  pass$ on1 &  
becomes a p]man5t h]itage = ! human     
race1 "p (  ! body ( k e/abli%$ by !    
processes ( consci\sness4  ,^! processes
 are cont9u\sly at "w ext5d+ ! body (   
k1 sy/ematis+ ?\ght1 & endeav\r+ to     
sy/ematise life4  ,consci\sness is ?us !
 %ap] ( =m1 :i* is "o aspect ( life1  & 
its "w t5ds to a p]man5ce beyond !      
vicissitudes ( liv+4  ,b its vitality   
dep5ds ^u its communion ) ! unconsci\s4 
,obvi\sly1 unconsci\s life _c be cle>ly 
def9$4 ,we c only  guess at its nature f
 ! angle at :i* its processes ent]      
consci\sness1 f its disruptive action ^u
 our sy/ems (  ?\ght1 & f :at we c      
rememb] ( its manife/ations 9  dreams4  
,we "k t our emotions rise f x l bubbles
 ?r\gh  wat]1 t x det]m9es our motives &
 our int]e/s1 & t x  is n homog5e\s by  

consci\s /&>ds4 ,its int]f]5ces )  our  
consci\s life are always spontane\s &   
/rongly *>g$ )  feel+4 ,we c inf] f su* 
int]f]5ces t x has purposes4  ,f its    
manife/ations 9 dreams & trance /ates we
 "k t x  has access to k by o!r ?an     
consci\s means4 ,?is k9d (  k1 :5 x     
makes its way into consci\sness1 we     
sometimes  recognise by its emotional   
=ce & unexpect$ness1 & call x           
intuition4 ,b = ! mo/ "p we s]ve !      
purposes ( our  unconsci\s )\t kn[+ t we
 d s1 & admit its wisdom only  ?r\gh !  
indirect *annels ( consci\s             
rationalisation4    ,! processes ( !    
unconsci\s c1 h[ev]1 be r\ghly describ$ 
by  contra/ ) ! consci\s life4 ,!       
unconsci\s is conc]n$ )  gr[? r ?an =m2 
x is ess5tially emotional1 spontane\s1  
& irrational4 ,z f> z we "k1 x is       
concrete 9 its ?9k+ &  n ab/ract2 x     
creates liv+ ag5ts & n sy/ems ( ?\ght4  
,?us1 :ile consci\s processes supply =m 
& p]man5ce 9 our  _w1 unconsci\s        
processes supply gr[+ vitality & *ange4 

,!  creations ( unconsci\s life are     
wr\ght 9 mortal sub/ances1 ^?  (        
consci\s life 9 endur+ patt]ns :i* are  
"o /ep remov$ f  life4 ,unconsci\s life 
creates1 = example1 human be+s3 consci\s
  life creates1 = example1 philosophy4  
,if m5 are /rong] 9 consci\s  life1 &   
wom5 9 unconsci\s life1 _! creative p[]s
 mu/  express _! /r5g?4 ,m5 %\ld excel 9
 translat+ life into  consci\s =ms1 wom5
 9 fo/]+ ! gr[? ( life itself4 ,m5 w    
create sy/ems ( philosophy or gov]nm5t1 
:ile wom5 are creat+  individual human  
be+s4                                   
,,iv      ,! facts ( human life t5d to  
confirm ?is !ory4 ,/>t+ aga9  f !       
fundam5tal relation%ip ( a "m to h]     
*ild1 we c see  t ow+ to ! peculi>      
position ( ! human race1 ! physical act 
( mo!rhood is only ! m]e/ beg9n+ (      
mo!rhood z a function4  ,man1 because he
 is de/9$ = a m complex life ?an ! o!r  
animals1 is born m helpless ?an any (   
!m1 & takes a long]  "t to come to      
maturity4 ,8 consci\s life con/ructs    

itself sl[ly  out ( ! p]ceptions ( e    
day1 e/abli%+ at e po9t 9  its          
developm5t a work+ relation%ip ) 8      
unconsci\s life1 a  relation%ip :i* is  
p]man5tly biass$ by ! exp]i5ces ( 8     
fir/ ye>s4 ,he is t]ribly at ! m]cy ( 8 
"m4 ,%e c ru9 or  /r5g!n t h>mony betwe5
 ! consci\s & ! unconsci\s :i*  is a    
necess>y condition ( full human         
developm5t4 ,9 %ort1 %e mu/  create n   
only a human body1 b a human be+1 if %e 
is to fulfil  h] function z a "m4 ,b if 
x is h] bus9ess to fo/] gr[?  9 h]      
*ildr51 x mu/ be equally h] bus9ess to  
fo/] gr[? 9  all ! p ) :om %e is        
intimate4 ,if %e is a speciali/ 9 !     
ne$s ( ! gr[+ human _s1 h] peculi> k mu/
 be (  s]vice to m5 & wom5 ( all ages :o
 are /ill capable ( gr[?4  ,& :at is    
true 9 ?is respect ( mo!rs mu/ be true =
 all wom53  a special equipm5t =        
mo!rhood does n desc5d sudd5ly by !     
grace ( ,heav5 ^u ! individual4 ,all    
girls are pot5tial mo!rs1  & :atev]     
gifts ( intuition are necess>y = !      

creative "w  ( mo!rhood mu/ be          
accessible to all wom54 ,if ! full      
cont5t (  mo!rhood is ?us recognis$1 x  
mu/ inevitably be recognis$ z  a special
 application ( ! creative p[] ( wom54   
,!re=e !  concept 8sup]flu\s wom50 c    
only arise 9 a society :i* d5ies  ! real
 functions ( mo!rhood1 & :i* consequ5tly
 prev5ts  wom5 f free expression &      
ignores ! creative p[] ( womanhood4     
,creative p[] ( any k9d is1 ( c\rse1 !  
obv]se ( an equal p[]  = de/ruction4 ,no
 "o c put an eng9e out ( action s deftly
 z  ! man :o designs eng9es4 ,woman's   
p[] ( fo/]+ gr[? 9  human life implies1 
!re=e1 an equal p[] ( h9d]+ x4 ,we mu/  
accept bo? sides ( ! hypo!sis1 & 9 do+ s
 we f9d fre%  pro( t x is true4 ,if !   
av]age man sees woman alt]nately z an   
angel & a devil1 x is because %e        
ex]cises bo? a creative & a  de/ructive 
influ5ce ^u 8 inn] life4 ,he w\ld nei!r 
fe> nor  rev]5ce h] s int5sely if %e 7  
m]ely an inf]ior c\nt]p>t  ( himself4   
,nor w\ld he lay ^u h] su* peculi>      

disabilities4  ,^! disabilities are n   
only ( ! k9d t w\ld suffice to keep  an 
inf]ior class 9 subjection4 ,inf]ior    
classes1 :e!r actually  enslav$ or n1   
are kept 9 _! place by be+ exclud$ f !  
s\rces ( ext]nal p[]1 su* z ! possession
 ( weal?1 !  comm& ( armies1 ! ex]cise (
 political rights4 ,c]ta9 moral &       
religi\s sanctions always rise to re9=ce
 ! law on ^! po9ts1  = ! spr+s ( human  
conduct lie 9 ! unconsci\s1 & morality  
& religion deal directly ) ! emotions ( 
unconsci\s life4  ,! rul+ class seeks   
!re=e to impose a morality consonant )  
its own int]e/s1 & fe>s a new religion m
 ?an a revolution4  ,b x is always      
consci\s ( ! exp$i5cy ( ! conv5tional   
morality x imposes on inf]iors1 &       
atta*es no ultimate value to  x4 ,!     
model subord9ate1 ob$i5t & loyal1 is n  
rev]5c$ or  idealis$3 he is n reg>d$ by 
8 sup]iors z a type ( p]fect  manhood1 b
 only z a p]fect subord9ate4 ,he may be 
a bad man  provid$ t he is a good       
s]vant4 ,! position ( wom5 9 a m5's     

,/ate does n correspond exactly to ?is4 
,true1 if we sub/itute !  function (    
mo!rhood 9 its n>r[ int]pretation = !   
function  ( s]vitude1 ! correspond5ce is
 exact up to a po9t4 ,! wife &  "m is   
exclud$ f indep5d5t access to ! s\rces (
 ext]nal  p[]3 & %e is expect$ to be    
ob$i5t & loyal to h] m>riage  contract4 
,moral & religi\s sanctions are call$ 9 
to trans=m h]  m>riage contract into a  
v[4 ,! /ock moral virtue requir$ ( h] is
  *a/ity2 %e mu/ h sexual relation%ips  
only )9 ! pale (  m>riage4 ,all wom51   
because !y are pot5tial wives1 mu/ copy 
h]  virtues & avoid :at is =bidd5 to h]4
 ,s f> ?is is only ano!r  aspect ( !    
fact t m5 re/rict ! function ( wom5 to  
physical  mo!rhood1 & def9e _! own      
responsibilities by ! in/itution  (     
m>riage4 ,wom5 are treat$ exactly z an  
inf]ior class ) a  def9ite function1 t (
 *ild-be>+4 ,b ! correspond5ce /ops  "h4
 ,! disabilities impos$ ^u wom5 by      
conv5tional morality  cut deep] /ill4 ,!
 sexually good woman mu/ be n only good 

b  ignorant3 :ole tracts ( human        
exp]i5ce are )held f h]  k4 ,moreov]1 h]
 *a/ity & h] ignorance are translat$ by 
m5 !mselves into an ab/raction (        
artificial purity & rev]5c$  z _! ideal 
( womanhood4 ,an ideal ( womanhood *]i%$
 9 m5's  ,/ates1 :i* has = its ess5tial 
elem5ts ignorance ( life &  a debas$    
conception ( sex1 c be reg>d$ )         
scepticism4 ,x is  notewor?y t          
intellectual ignorance does n h ! same  
pre/ige1  & !re=e _c be s important4    
,ev5 an 8educat$0 woman is              
conv5tionally m acceptable ?an a woman  
:o is %ock$ at no?+4  ,! conv5tionally  
pure good woman is %ock$ at a great _m  
?+s3  t is to say1 %e does n m]ely      
condemn c]ta9 phases ( conduct1  :i*    
w\ld be at lea/ a =?right attitude1 %e  
is uncom=table  & timid :5 !y are br\ght
 to h] notice4 ,n[ if man's rev]5ce  =  
wom5 is an ackn[l$gm5t ( h] vaguely     
realis$ p[]1 at !  same "t 9 t v        
rev]5ce1 conv5tionalis$ into an ideal1  
he  obvi\sly safegu>ds himself aga9/ h] 

p[]4 ,app>5tly1 wom5 c  be kept 9 a     
subord9ate position if ignorance ( human
 conduct is  impos$ ^u !m z a necess>y  
condition ( social approval4 ,x c  be   
inf]r$ t a fe>less attitude t[>ds human 
life is ! fir/  ess5tial quality ( a    
free woman1 & t conv5tional morality is 
impos$ ) su* emphasis ^u wom5 because ! 
creation ( moral  values is _! own      
peculi> vocation4 ,m5 are m conc]n$ to  
prev5t wom5 f hav+ untrammell$ judgm5t &
 action 9 affairs  ( morality ?an f hav+
 access to ! possession ( weal?4 ,9  o!r
 words1 wom5 are h9d]$ n only f ext]nal 
p[]1 b f  ! inw>d p[] ( creat+ indep5d5t
 moral & religi\s values4 ,x  is        
precisely ?is p[] :i* is ex]cis$ by     
creative wom5 9 _!  treatm5t ( o!rs1 & !
 conv5tionalis$ ideal ( ! ignorant  good
 woman is ! deepe/ disability laid ^u   
wom5 9 a m5's ,/ate4  ,! conv5tionally  
good woman helps to p]petuate ! =mal    
traditions  creat$ by man1 traditions   
:i* h>d5 into empty %ells unless !y  are
 cont9u\sly vitalis$ by ! indep5d5t     

judgm5ts ( wom54 ,%e  accepts ! mascul9e
 /&po9t t human conduct is to be judg$  
entirely by ! values ( consci\sly       
organis$ life1 :i* are devis$  = !      
pres]vation ( exi/+ sy/ems1 & are n     
necess>ily  humane4 ,%e acquiesces 9    
repression & puni%m5t in/ead ( seek+  to
 und]/& & *]i%4 ,m5 praise h] = ?is     
subs]vi5cy &  unconsci\sly despise h]4  
,b 9 prev5t+ h] f aggression ^u _! =ms &
 traditions  m5 lose m ?an !y ga94 ,%e  
is humbugg$ out ( h] womanhood1  b %e is
 /ill a woman1 & does n cease to        
influ5ce _! inn]  life4 ,! sy/ems (     
society--su* z m>riage--are pres]v$1 b  
! individual man suff]s4 ,he meets      
h>dness :]e he looks =  tol]ance1 &     
condemnation :]e he ne$s help4 ,worse   
/ill1 = h]  conv5tionality is borr[$ &  
!re=e un9tellig5t1 he f9ds  himself     
imprison$ 9 traditions :i* he himself   
w\ld de/roy &  create anew 7 x n = !    
timidity ( ! conv5tional wom54    ,?us 9
 a typical m5's ,/ate :]e ! creative "w 
( wom5 is  ignor$1 :]e wom5 are prev5t$ 

by legal & economic b>ri]s  f access to 
ext]nal s\rces ( p[] & hamp]$ by        
conv5tional  ignorance ( life1 !y h an  
insidi\s influ5ce :i* evades all  !     
means by :i* m5 try to keep x 9 *eck4 ,!
 fabric ( !  ,/ate1 ! organis$ sy/ems1  
rema9 app>5tly intact1 b ! private  life
 ( m5 becomes s\r & /ale4 ,! m m5 d5y ! 
rights (  wom5 9 public1 ! m !y are     
deliv]$ ov] to ! obscure                
dissatisfactions ( _! wom5 9 private4 ,!
 conv5tional wom5  :om m5 evoke = _! own
 protection h 9 ! end a m fatal1        
because a ?w>t$1 influ5ce on human life 
?an ! fe>less wom54  ,among ! ,h9dus1 = 
example1 :]e ! social sy/ems ( m5 h     
h>d5$ into ca/-iron 7p]haps because !   
wom5 h be5 prev5t$  f free expression71 
! negative p[] ( wom5 is v great4 ,wom5 
are n m]ely inf]ior imitations ( m53 !y 
create m5 or de/roy  !m4    ,! "q may be
 put1 ,if ! :ole ( human exp]i5ce is !  
natural conc]n ( wom51 & if wom5 are    
inde$ end[$ ) !  capacity to und]/& &   
fo/] ! gr[? ( ! human _s1 h[  is x      

possible = wom5 to accept a n>r[        
conv5tional morality8 ,x  is possible   
because unconsci\s life is rem>kably    
sugge/ible1 & 9  a society :]e womanly  
traditions are ma9ly negative ! cont9u\s
  pressure ( conv5tional values is      
appli$ to girls almo/ f  *ildhood4 ,only
 r>e wom5 ) a g5ius = womanhood c resi/ 
!  pot5cy ( su* sugge/ions4    ,t x is a
 woman's de/9y to create human be+s1    
:e!r %e  fulfils x or n1 is amply       
confirm$ by ! natural bias ( h]         
int]e/s4 ,9 spite ( conv5tion h] int]e/ 
9 human be+s is  /rong] & m spontane\s  
?an h] int]e/ 9 any?+ else4  ,almo/ f ! 
cradle a girl /udies ! p ar\nd h] m     
att5tively ?an a boy does1 & is quick] 9
 imitat+ _! tricks  ( spee* & behavi\r4 
,a little lat] %e turns naturally to    
dolls1  n because ( an absurdly         
precoci\s mat]nal in/9ct1 b because     
dolls are sub/itutes = human be+s1 & h] 
creative fancy c  play ^u !m )\t        
re/riction4 ,a doll is n necess>ily a   
son  or daught]3 x is by turns a        

confidant1 a scapegoat1 & a talisman4   
,lat] /ill h] int]e/ 9 o!r p becomes    
practically a rul+  passion3 & s9ce %e  
is n m]ely a pot5tial wife & "m b  a    
pot5tial woman1 %e is int]e/$ n only 9  
possible swee!>ts  b 9 ev]ybody4 ,%e is 
inquisitive ab\t human relation%ips ( e 
k9d4 ,%e is indiff]5t to ?+s :i* h no   
human int]e/3 %e  values ?+s = _!       
associations1 or ! p[] !y give h] ov]   
o!r p4 ,! intimacy betwe5 an adolesc5t  
girl & h] bosom  fri5d = ! "t be+ is    
bas$ on a mutual int]e/ 9 human nature  
& a common /&>d ( critical values :i* !y
 apply to ea* o!r  z well z to ! _w4 ,!y
 analyse motives1 provoke moods1 love & 
hate ) su* int5sity t emotional         
explosions are inevitable4  ,_! int]e/  
is n t ( m]e spectators at ! human      
com$y3 !y  are ready to play important  
p>ts 9 x2 & !y te/ at e po9t  _!        
influ5ce ov] o!rs4    ,:5 fifte5-ye>-old
 girls write essays on 8,:at ,i %\ld l  
to  be10 ! aspirations disclos$ are     
r>ely intellectual or mat]ial4  ,ne>ly e

 girl wants to be popul>1 to be an      
influ5ce = good1  to e/abli% a          
reputation = *e]fulness & k9dness1 9    
%ort1  to be successful 9 h&l+ human    
be+s4 ,:5 %e leaves s*ool  ! same bias  
cont9ues4 ,! av]age girl is m int]e/$ 9 
! p ar\nd h] ?an 9 h] "w1 especially if 
h] "w has  little direct human int]e/4  
,if h] daily "w does n consi/ (  p]sonal
 relations to o!r p1 h] effici5cy 9 x   
dep5ds ^u  ! approval ( h] employ]s r   
?an ^u h] pride 9 ! "w  itself4 ,%e sees
 h]self z ! sunbeam 9 ! (fice1 or z !   
com=t] ( h] employ]'s brok5 life1 or z a
 moral influ5ce--9  o!r words1 :]e no   
human int]e/ exi/s 9 h] surr\nd+s %e    
takes pa9s to inv5t x4 ,x is ?is        
entirely womanly impulse :i*  g5]ates   
mo/ ( ! s5tim5t & sc&al among wom54     
,9 m>ri$ life wom5 display ! same       
passionate int]e/ 9 o!r  p1 ev5 ?\gh    
husb&s & families absorb a c]ta9 am\nt (
  x4 ,neighb\rs1 s]vants1 & *ildr5 are  
_! de>e/ topics4 ,no  woman is bor$ :5  
%e is discuss+ o!r p2 & ?is is true (   

bo? educat$ & un$ucat$ wom54 ,! ?+s :i* 
prim>ily conc]n  wom5 z wom5 are human  
affairs & exp]i5ces1 mat]ial :i* helps  
!m m capably to scrut9ise1 to int]pret1 
& to m$dle ) !  p !y meet4 ,! result is 
t !y (t5 m$dle t$i\sly )  o!r p's lives4
 ,l ,h$da ,gabl]1 !y mu/ h _! f+]s  9   
somebody's de/9y1 de/ructively if n     
creatively4 ,de/ruction (  ?is k9d      
in/ead ( creation is tragic1 b x arises 
at lea/ f a  pre-occupation ) humanity1 
& s1 unlike w>1 x is womanly4    ,?us ! 
curr5t ( wom5's int]e/s sets def9itely  
t[>ds actual  human be+s & concrete     
situations r ?an ab/ract !ories4  ,!re  
are o!r aspects ( womanhood :i* confirm 
! hypo!sis t  wom5's /r5g? lies 9       
unconsci\s r ?an 9 consci\s life1 &  :i*
 c be briefly enum]at$4    ,! fir/ ( ^! 
is too obvi\s to require comm5t4 ,by    
g5]al  cons5t ( m51 wom5 are m          
irrational & impulsive ?an m5 are4      
,secondly1 wom5 h a /rong1 if           
in>ticulate1 aff9ity ) :at is  call$    
,nature2 a fact :i* is symbolis$ by !   

p]sonification (  ,nature z a woman4    
,nature 9 ?is s5se is ! sum ( t gr[+    
life :i* has n rea*$ ! consci\s level ( 
humanity4 ,to ?is  gr[+ life1 vegetable 
or animal1 wom5 are nev] indiff]5t3  _! 
reactions to x are /rongly emotional1   
:e!r sympa!tic  or antipa!tic4 ,:5      
because ( "s timidity !y _c ex]cise  _! 
creative p[] on human be+s1 !y readily  
fo/] plants or  animals in/ead1 & !re   
are wom5 :o c d s ) ! sur5ess  (        
intuitive k4 ,!y are m obvi\sly affect$ 
by natural  ph5om5a ?an m52 _! sexual   
life1 = example1 is gov]n$ by !  phases 
( ! moon1 & x is claim$ t _! f]tility   
v>ies )  ! ra9fall & ! e>?'s magnetic   
curr5ts4 ,?irdly1 !y h an  imm$iate s5se
 ( ! significance ( life3 !y h ! same   
vivid  int]e/ 9 ev5 trivial affairs t "o
 f9ds 9 dreams4 ,wom5 h  none ( !       
deta*m5t :i* is equally prep>$ to prove 
t life  is significant or t x is        
mean+less4 ,!y assume )\t pro(  t life1 
especially human life1 is significant2  
!y are s deeply  imm]s$ 9 life t x is n 

possible = !m to "q its value  z m5 d4  
,= ?is reason !y are m t5aci\s ( life   
?an m54  ,f\r?ly1 !y come to maturity   
e>li] ?an m5 d1 al?\gh !y  live long] on
 ! av]age4 ,?is does n mean t wom5 rema9
 9  a /ate ( arre/$ developm5t z comp>$ 
) m53 ! adv5t (  pub]ty does n put a /op
 to m5tal & spiritual developm5t4 ,b  x 
may be int]pret$ z a sign t ! creative  
"w ( womanhood  requires a less         
elaborate consci\s equipm5t ?an t ( m54 
,!  wisdom ( consci\s life is a /ructure
 sl[ly built by ! individual1  & ne$s a 
long appr5tice%ip2 x is possible t !    
wisdom (  unconsci\s life exi/s         
indep5d5tly ( ! individual & waits only 
= admission4 ,incid5tally1 ! fact t wom5
 h a reasonable  expectation ( liv+ =   
tw5ty-five ye>s aft] !y h ceas$ to  be> 
*ildr5 is ano!r pro(--if pro( be ne$$--t
 mat]nity is  n m]ely a physical        
function3 wom5 g on liv+ z long z _!    
*ildr5 ne$ !m4 ,la/ly1 al?\gh _!        
creative "w consi/s  9 ! h&l+ (         
individuals1 & al?\gh !y are f9ely aw>e 

( _! own individual reactions1 wom5     
r>ely a*ieve a consci\s  individuality4 
,!y are s l>gely unconsci\s ( !mselves t
  !y ne$ emotional support = _!         
p]sonalities3 x is _!  dang] t !y t5d to
 live 9 a /ate ( p]petual ref]5ce to    
o!r p2 & :5 !y express !mselves z       
individuals1 !y  d s spontane\sly & n   
delib]ately4 ,?us wom5 z a body %[  a   
timidity :i* easily relapses into       
cons]vatism1 & c only be  ov]come by    
urg5t necessity4 ,cons]vatism becomes ! 
spiritual  dea? ( wom51 z ( m53 b 9 wom5
 x spr+s f a timidity (  intellect1 f a 
weakness 9 consci\s life2 9 m5 f a      
timidity  ( emotion1 f a fe> ( !        
unconsci\s4 ,?is diff]5ce betwe5  m5 &  
wom5 is illu/rat$ 9 dress1 = example4 ,z
 ! consci\sly  organis$ life ( m5       
develops1 _! clo?+ expresses less ( !   
emotion1 ! temp]am5t1 ! spontaneity (   
unconsci\s life3 x  becomes a uni=m1    
symbolic ( _! /atus z rational memb]s ( 
an  organis$ society4 ,!y are sure (    
!mselves & ( _! traditions1  consequ5tly

 fa%ion is a conv5tion :i* sits z easily
 ^u !m  z o!r conv5tions1 & *anges z    
sl[ly4 ,x is a reasonable law1          
delib]ately accept$ = ! sake ( conv5i5ce
 & ord]l9ess4  ,wom51 on ! o!r h&1 are n
 afraid ( temp]am5t & col\r  9 dress2 !y
 express 9 _! clo?+ ! spontane\s1 vivid1
 &  irrational qualities ( unconsci\s   
life4 ,b because !y are unsure  (       
!mselves z memb]s ( a public body1 !y   
ne$ ! assurance  ( 8be+ 9 ! fa%ion0 to  
give !m ! necess>y confid5ce =  we>+ ev5
 ! mo/ d>+ creations4 ,fa%ion among wom5
 is ?us n  a law accept$ = conv5i5ce2 x 
is a k9d ( emotional support1 &  x      
fluctuates z (t5 & z widely z emotions4 
,v      ,9 ?is weakness ( wom5's        
consci\s life we h ! key to m5's        
dom9ation ov] !m4 ,x is ! dom9ation ( ! 
m articulate ov]  ! less articulate     
consci\sness4 ,man is ! intellectual    
organis] (  life4 ,he arranges life 9   
patt]ns1 or1 z has be5 already sugge/$1 
translates x into consci\s =ms1 & he is 
!re=e m int]e/$  9 ! nature ( 8 patt]ns 

?an 9 ! mat]ial out ( :i* he  composes  
!m4 ,he beg9s1 :]e woman ends1 ) !      
individual human  be+ & individual      
exp]i5ces2 8 aim is to lift ^! into a   
_w ( endur+ & prov$ =ms4 ,! ,platonic   
idea1 = example1  is a purely mascul9e  
conception4 ,x is possible t man's _w ( 
ultimate ab/ractions is ano!r aspect ( !
 _w f :i* woman  works t[>ds !          
individual1 & t 8 consci\sly con/ruct$  
philosophy1 if x 7 p]fect$1 w\ld co9cide
 ) ! cont5t  ( h] intuitive wisdom4 ,?us
 a circle w\ld be complet$ 9 :i*  woman 
seeks to express ! inf9ite 9 t]ms ( !   
individual life1  :ile man seeks to     
express ! individual 9 t]ms ( ! inf9ite4
  ,! diff]5ce betwe5 !m rema9s1 h[ev]1 n
 m]ely a diff]5ce  9 aim b a diff]5ce 9 
equipm5t4 ,woman is ! gateway ?r\gh  :i*
 ! wisdom ( ! unconsci\s comes to be    
translat$ by man into  consci\s =m4 ,h] 
wisdom1 d]iv$ f unfa?omable s\rces1 mu/ 
be  exp5d$ ^u life inc>nate & n>r[$ into
 ! practical details (  ev]yday         
circum/ance4 ,h] intellig5ce is fett]$1 

z x 71 to  actual life1 & is be/        
/imulat$ by concrete situations4 ,man1  
on !  o!r h&1 moves away f human life3 8
 intellig5ce ranges freely  9 a _w (    
speculation & c create p]fectly ab/ract 
univ]ses  ( k4 ,8 "w consequ5tly takes  
visible %ape b5ea? 8  h&3 x c be te/$2 x
 c be de/roy$ & %ap$ aga92 x c  a*ieve  
completion4 ,! "w ( woman has none ( ^! 
attributes3 %e  has no objective pro( ( 
success2 9 ! la/ resort %e mu/ dep5d  ^u
 h] subjective valuations4 ,?us ! m     
organis$ & objective  c]ta9ties ( m5    
impose !mselves easily ^u wom54 ,m5 c   
prove  _! !ories ev5 :5 !y are wrong2   
wom5 _c prove _!  intuitions ev5 :5 !y  
are "r4 ,9 8 _w1 t ( organis$  =m1 man  
dom9ates woman naturally4    ,b woman   
%\ld dom9ate man 9 h] own field1 !      
creation ( free  & h>moni\s individuals2
 = ! pot5tial progress ( humanity may   
be det]m9$ by man1 b its actual progress
 is det]m9$ by woman4  ,9 a society :i* 
recognises ! dom9ation ( m5 & d5ies t ( 
wom51 ! creative "w ( bo? is hamp]$4 ,! 

dang] = m5 lies  9 t v quality (        
deta*m5t :i* gives _! "w its value4     
,left to !mselves !y become m & m       
deta*$1 sub/itut+  = ! fluctuations (   
life a /able & sy/ematic p]fection (    
!ory :i* is rigidly impos$ ^u individual
 memb]s ( society4  ,religion becomes a 
cre$1 morality a code ( law1 gov]nm5t a 
p>ty  ma*9e3 ev5 art1 :i* is ( all _!   
activities ! mo/ accessible  to !       
vitality ( unconsci\s life1 is          
intellectualis$ & eng5d]s  !ories (     
/hetics in/ead ( works ( art4 ,human    
be+s become  m]e pegs on :i* to hang !  
!ories1 economic units1 & man1  ! heir (
 all ! ages1 is 9 dang] ( be+ cru%$ "u !
  weight ( 8 own ma*9es4 ,! f9ancial    
ma*9e 9 our own day is an  excell5t     
example ( mascul9e activity pu%$ to     
extremes3 x has  be5 successfully deta*$
 f human values s t x exi/s = !         
production ( money & n = ! production ( 
goods & s]vices  to humanity4 ,! m]e    
individual has ceas$ to be ( any        
importance1  & ev5 ! inv5tions or       

discov]ies ( 8 intellig5ce are valu$    
only 9 t]ms ( money4 ,x is a curi\s     
p>adox t m5 :o1 z  individuals1 are sur]
 ( !mselves ?an wom51 & :o comm& _!     
consci\s en]gies m freely1 %\ld         
inevitably create sy/ems to  :i* !      
individual is subord9at$4 ,a sy/em ( ?is
 k9d is n  necess>ily an evil1 b :5 x   
makes no all[ance = wom5's values1  = _!
 s5se ( ! significance ( human life & ! 
individual  human be+1 x moves to its   
extreme logical conclusion & becomes    
inhuman4    ,?is ov]-emphasis ( mascul9e
 activities 0 conceivably necess>y at  a
 po9t 9 hi/ory :5 civilisation 0 9 its  
infancy & ! ne$  = organisation 0 great]
 ?an ! ne$ = individual fre$om4  ,p]haps
 at su* a po9t ! dom9ation ( m5 ov] wom5
 began4 ,b  ! discrepancy betwe5 human &
 in/itutional values is n[ s great  t   
ev5 m5 feel x acutely2 x has disquiet$  
wom5 = "s "t  & is =c+ !m into ! op54 ,x
 looks z if dur+ ! next few  g5]ations !
 really creative ,new ,woman w em]ge1 = 
conv5tional  morality is no long] s     

p[]ful among wom51 & !y are gradually   
des]t+ ! bl9d alleys into :i* !y ru%$ 9 
_! fir/  ef=ts at self-ass]tion4    ,x  
does n foll[ t wom5 by !mselves c save  
humanity4 ,m5  mu/ face _! own problems1
 & wom5 are naturally ill-equipp$  to   
create new =ms ( society4 ,b x is !     
bus9ess ( wom5 to  create ! creators (  
social =ms1 & !y _c escape a c]ta9      
responsibility = ! pres5t t5sion 9 our  
organis$ life4 ,absolute  dom9ation by  
ei!r sex is no long] necess>y2 ! mod]n  
_w  ne$s ! creative "w ( bo?4 ,woman by 
h]self loses a s5se (  proportion1 j z  
man by himself loses t\* ) reality4     
,man's  intellectual conclusions mu/ be 
*eck$ by woman's intuitive k  ( ! human 
_s1 & woman's spontane\s wisdom mu/ be  
help$ by  man's intellectual vision4    
,bo? are creative al?\gh !y dep5d ^u    
ea* o!r3 !re is no room on ei!r side =  
false pride or humility4                
,,vi      ,x is n[ advisable to consid] 
att5tively ! /atem5t t creative  wom5   
ne$ new & indep5d5t moral values s9ce   

conv5tional morality  expresses a man's 
/&po9t r ?an a woman's4 ,if ! latt]  "p 
( ?is /atem5t c be prov$1 t conv5tional 
morality is  necess>ily mascul9e1 !n !  
fir/ "p mu/ inevitably be accept$4    ,x
 has already be5 po/ulat$ t wom5 d]ive  
_! greate/  /r5g? f unconsci\s life &   
are conc]n$ ) gr[?4 ,_!  en]gies &      
int]e/s turn spontane\sly t[>ds ! liv+  
human  be+s ^u :om _! influ5ce is ex]t$4
 ,?is influ5ce1 because  x is l>gely    
unconsci\s1 is n rational b emotional2  
:5 x is  direct$ positively t[>ds o!r p 
x is be/ describ$ z love4  ,creative    
love is ! fundam5tal attribute (        
womanhood1 z p]haps  creative ?\ght is (
 manhood4 ,its aim is to fo/] h>mony &  
/r5g? 9 ! individual4    ,woman ?us sees
 humanity z a collection ( individuals (
 :om no two  are id5tical1 gr[+         
sep>ately l trees 9 a common direction1 
express+ 9 visible =ms1 ea* ( :i* is    
significant1 a common  unse5 life4 ,if  
"o may use a r\gh symbolism1 wom5 see   
humanity 9  v]tical l9es1 :ile m5 see x 

9 horizontal /rata4 ,! p]fection  ( ea* 
individual is wom5's bus9ess1 & !       
comb9ation (  individuals into social   
sy/ems is man's bus9ess4 ,^! two aspects
  ( life are necess>ily cont9u\s &      
insep>able3 ! diff]5ce  betwe5 !m "h1 z 
?r\gh\t1 is "o ( emphasis4 ,wom5        
emphasise  ! :ol5ess ( ! individual 9   
himself2 m51 ! relation ( !  individual 
to 8 neighb\rs4 ,x foll[s t wom5 _c     
disreg>d  or elim9ate any?+ :i* manife/s
 itself 9 ! life ( !  individual4 ,man  
resembles a tree only by analogy2 he _c 
be lopp$  ( 8 bran*es2 he c a*ieve /r5g?
 & h>mony only by c>ry+  ev]y?+ ) him4  
,no?+ is accid5tal or sup]flu\s 9 8     
behavi\r2 virtues & vices are alike     
significant4 ,f ?is po9t (  view :atev] 
prev5ts ! h>mony ( ! complete individual
 is bad2  b x _c be cut (f1 x mu/ be    
fus$ into ! :ole1 if possible4  ,woman  
!re=e _c %irk any issue or turn f !     
inve/igation  ( any human impulse1      
:atev] its nature4 ,%e believes 9 !     
significance & cont9uity ( all t life   

:i* passes into human  consci\sness1 &  
to h] goodness & badness are relative   
t]ms1  dep5d+ on ! nature ( ! imm$iate  
problem4 ,?us %e _c  believe 9 orig9al  
s91 al?\gh %e recognises mi/akes4 ,man1 
on  ! o!r h&1 believes 9 ! significance 
( 8 sy/ems :i* cut  across life         
horizontally1 & he desires to fit !     
individual into 8  patt]ns4 ,:atev]     
disrupts 8 patt]ns is bad & mu/ be cut  
(f4  ,?is condition naturally is uni=m 9
 its op]ation1 & !re=e  badness is a    
con/ant quantity1 some?+ def9ite :i* c  
be writt5  d[n 9 a code ( prohibitions4 
,noncon=mity ) ! law is orig9al  s91 &  
ar\ses 8 indignation4 ,b z !re are _m   
sy/ems1 ea*  sy/em has its own code (   
(f5ces & p5alties1 & ea* ca/s out  its  
own (f5d]s4 ,! ,*ur* excommunicates !m1 
! ,/ate imprisons  !m1 ,society boycotts
 !m1 pr(essional bodies expel !m2 !y are
  di%on\r$ & ignor$1 ?ru/ out ( ! sy/em 
^: /ability !y  ?reat54 ,we p5etrate to 
! v he>t ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 m5  & wom5 
:5 we obs]ve t ! outca/1 ^:             

individuality is  =mally d5i$ by 8      
fell[s1 rema9s none ! less an individual
 to  ! wom5 :o love him4 ,obvi\sly a    
morality :i* satisfies ! "o  po9t ( view
 does n satisfy ! o!r4    ,! morality   
hon\r$ by m5 is ?us a morality design$  
to pres]ve  ! sy/ems :i* m5 create4     
,because x upholds ! values (           
consci\sly organis$ life x di/ru/s !    
impulses ( unconsci\s  life1 :i* x calls
 orig9al s91 or p]sonifies z a devil4   
,less  civilis$ & m impulsive races are 
easily suspect$ ( be+ direct  ag5ts ( ! 
devil1 z are also ! adh]5ts ( rival or  
oppos+  sy/ems4 ,wom51 because !y are   
natural support]s ( spontane\s  action1 
are p>ticul>ly to be di/ru/$1 & mascul9e
 morality1  z we h se51 imposes a /ill m
 /r+5t code on wom5 ?an  on m54 ,s x    
happ5$ t ,eve1 a creative woman v9dicat+
 !  importance ( individual moral values
 & ( an individual consci5ce  t %\ld    
make ea* man ! equal ( ,god1 0          
necess>ily abhorr5t  to an organis$     
!ology4 ,s 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates x happ5s t 

!  e>ne/ bus9ess man reg>ds negroes &   
,sociali/s z public dang]s2  & 9 exactly
 ! same way 9 ,scotl& ! e>ne/ ,calv9i/  
believes  t ,roman ,ca?olics are damn$4 
,! foll[] ( a sy/ematic morality  has   
always a black li/4 ,ea* sy/em produces 
its own code ( (f5ces  = noncon=mity1 & 
its moral /&>ds are !re=e valid only =  
itself3 !y are n necess>ily religi\s or 
univ]sal4    ,9 su* a morality !        
individual is consid]$ only z "o :o     
con=ms or does n con=m to ! code        
requir$1 nev] z an  individual 9        
himself4 ,fur!r1 because x di/ru/s !    
spontaneity (  unconsci\s impulses1     
sy/ematic morality believes t all       
individuals  are bad 9 _! he>ts1 t !y   
are good only :5 !y are  afraid to be   
bad1 & t p5alties = badness mu/ be      
suffici5tly  griev\s to fright5 !m4 ,?us
 sy/ematic morality dep5ds ^u fe>  (    
puni%m5t4 ,! k9d ( puni%m5t impos$ has  
only an arbitr>y  relation to ! nature (
 ! (f5ce committ$1 & no relation at  all
 to ! psy*ological problems 9 :i* !     

(f5d] is involv$3  x is design$ m]ely to
 make him suff]1 &1 if he p]si/s 9      
(f5d+1 to remove him4 ,! public s*ool   
imposes its two hundr$  or its f\r      
hundr$ 8l9es0 or s _m /rokes ) ! bir*1  
or  resorts to expulsion2 ! ,/ate f9es  
v>y+ sums1 or imprisons =  v>y+ p]iods1 
or resorts to capital puni%m5t2 !       
bus9ess firm  reprim&s1 or f9es1 or     
resorts to dismissal4 ,9 ea* case !     
sy/em  & ! code :i* supports x are m    
important ?an ! life ( !  individual4   
,morality ( ?is k9d1 :5 x is p]fectly   
develop$1 is  q imp]sonal2 its ab/ract  
imp]sonality is rev]$ by m5 z an  ideal1
 :i* !y call ,ju/ice4    ,?is sy/ematic 
morality ) its imp]sonal judgm5ts1 its  
def9ite  codes1 its uni=mly grad$       
puni%m5ts1 & its unque/ion+  repudiation
 ( ! (f5d] is a logical p5dant to !     
sy/ems :i*  m5 create4 ,x is precisely  
:at is usually call$ conv5tional        
morality1 & x is ess5tially mascul9e 9  
its attitude to !  individual4 ,wom51 if
 !y are to create free & h>moni\s       

individuals1 _c sacrifice an individual 
to a code2 !y _c  agree t goodness is   
only ! fe> ( puni%m5t2 !y _c believe  9 
! efficacy ( ext]nal puni%m5t1 & !y _c  
p]mit !  (f5d] to be cut (f4 ,to !      
creative woman an (f5d] is a "q  :i* %e 
mu/ try to answ]4 ,h] morality mu/ be   
psy*ological r  ?an punitive1 p]sonal r 
?an imp]sonal1 & fundam5tally  religi\s4
 ,x is cle> t _m actions :i* sy/ematic  
morality  consid]s bad mu/ appe> good to
 ! creative woman1 & inv]sely  :at %e   
consid]s good mu/ (t5 be condemn$ by    
sy/ematic morality4    ,wom5 mu/ !re=e  
create _! own indep5d5t moral values4 ,x
 may  be object$ t if ea* woman creates 
h] own morality ! result w  be          
confusion4 ,?is objection1 h[ev]1 arises
 out ( a misappreh5sion4  ,x is n !     
bus9ess ( wom5 to condemn or to puni%1  
or to exact  con=mity ) any def9ite code
 ( conduct3 x is _! bus9ess to  und]/& !
 processes at "w 9 ! human s\l & to help
 ea*  individual to ! fulle/ & mo/      
h>moni\s expression ( 8 p[]s4  ,!re w   

always be en\gh m5 9 ! _w to secure !   
exi/5ce  ( sy/ematic morality2 any      
confusion produc$ by ! action ( wom5  w 
be only ! ri* confusion ( life itself4  
,besides1 creative love  is n m]e       
sympa?y or ev5 affection2 if wom5 _c    
sacrifice  an individual to a code !y   
are equally unable to sacrifice _!      
intuitions ab\t ! human race to an      
individual4 ,creative love dem&s  a high
 discipl9e f ^? :o w\ld ex]cise x4      
,,vii      ,! fir/ condition t is       
requir$ f wom5 is t !y %all  "k         
!mselves4 ,a woman :o is ignorant ( h]  
own weaknesses _c  help o!rs1 = %e is   
incapable ( correct+ di/ortions caus$   
by h] own fe> or ang]4 ,! conv5tional   
woman hangs conv5tional  ideas betwe5   
h]self & h] own nature1 ?us negat+ h]   
deepe/  in/9cts4 ,%e despises &         
represses "p ( h] own humanity2         
consequ5tly %e has a repressive in/ead (
 a fo/]+ effect on  o!r p4 ,wom5 mu/    
!re=e be frankly s9c]e ) !mselves  if !y
 are to be creative1 & mu/ make         

all[ances = _! own  faults 9 deal+ )    
o!rs4 ,"o c only mete out to o!rs !     
measure "o has already met$ to oneself4 
,b ?\gh ! in/rum5t is imp]fect !        
possibilities are great4  ,! second     
condition = ! ex]cise ( creative love is
 a b\ndless  fai? 9 ! capacity ( ! human
 s\l = gr[?4 ,?is is :]e  wom5 _c let ! 
doctr9e ( orig9al s9 /& betwe5 !m &  !  
individuals ) :om !y h to deal4 ,!      
gospel = wom5  is conta9$ 9 ! words1 8! 
k+dom ( ,heav5 is )9 y10  qualifi$ by ! 
k t ,heav5 is n a /atic condition (     
bliss b a vital h>mony ( body & _s4 ,su*
 a belief dem&s !  fulle/ sci5tific k ( 
:at promotes or h9d]s heal? ( body  & ( 
m9d2 & x is ! bus9ess ( ! creative woman
 to get all  ! in=mation %e c4          
,religion & morality = wom5 ?us resolve 
!mselves into a belief  t human life is 
significant1 s]v+ a de/9y great] ?an    
itself1  & ! int]pretation ( t belief   
into t]ms ( conduct4 ,because  ea*      
individual is a unique problem ! details
 ( ?is conduct c  nev] be codifi$2 !re=e

 ! morality ( wom5 is ultimately        
spontane\s & individual1 dep5d+ =       
guidance ^u _! creative  en]gies1       
express$ ?r\gh love4    ,! :ole _w ne$s 
creative wom51 & seems to be unaw>e (   
its  ne$4 ,wom5 !mselves d n "k h[      
necess>y !y are4 ,! result  is t _m wa/e
 !mselves 9 try+ to be m51 & _m are     
cont5t  to ju/ify _! exi/5ce by simple  
drudg]y4 ,!re /ill rema9 _m  :o feel t a
 woman %\ld be m to h] husb& ?an ! keep]
 (  8 h\se1 & "s ( ^! res]ve !mselves = 
m5 ) obvi\s  disabilities1 because !y   
?9k t ! av]age man has no real ne$  (   
!m4 ,b1 al?\gh ! desire is un=mulat$1   
ne>ly all wom5  desire to h a creative  
influ5ce on _! husb&s4 ,if x 7 n  s1 !  
8be/-sell]s0 :i* circulate among wom5   
w\ld n resemble  ea* o!r s /rik+ly 9 "o 
respect3 ! h]o is always at odds  ) ! _w
 & is rescu$ f a gloomy fate by ! great 
love (  ! h]o9e4 ,if he is a reput$     
villa9 s mu* ! bett]2 ! field  ( action 
= ! h]o9e is all ! cle>]4 ,only a       
c\rage\s woman  look+ = really difficult

 "w w\ld m>ry an ord9>y man in/ead  ( a 
villa9 ) a he>t ( gold4    ,wom5's      
creative "w is implicitly recognis$ 9 _m
 beliefs &  cu/oms4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 !
 morality ( m5 & wom51 =  example1 is   
f9ely illu/rat$ among ! ,syrian ,arabs1 
:]e a  prison] on 8 way to execution is 
absolv$ f 8 s5t5ce if he  c lay hold ( a
 woman's skirts4 ,x is felt1 ?\gh n     
und]/ood1  by ^? m5 ( our own c\ntry :o 
compla9 t wom5 h no s5se  ( ju/ice4 ,x  
is exploit$ by comm]cial firms :o       
e/abli% wom5  welf>e work]s to humanise 
_! bus9ess sy/ems1 )9 limits4 ,&  !     
tradition t woman's place is ! home is  
possibly n entirely  det]m9$ by !       
subord9ate position ( wom51 b may arise 
f  a s\nd intuition ab\t ! nature ( wom5
 & _! functions4 ,!  home is a /rategic 
c5tre = ! creation ( human be+s4        
,moreov]1  a home does n imply a husb&3 
m>riage is a desirable b n a  necess>y  
condition = wom5's creative "w4 ,nor is 
x b\nd$ by !  f\r walls ( a h\se2 :atev]
 affects ! p )9 ! home is a  woman's    

prop] bus9ess4                          
,,viii      ,?is raises ! "q ( public   
life = wom54 ,!re is c]ta9ly  room =    
creative womanhood 9 ! public life ( !  
,/ate4 ,!  mod]n ,/ate is a highly      
organis$ sy/em ( gov]nm5t re/+ ^u  o!r  
sy/ems1 su* z ^? ( f9ance1 law1 &       
indu/ry2 b ^!  complicat$ organisations 
ramify d[nw>ds until !y t\* ! lives  (  
all ! individuals :o compose ! nation4  
,! po9t at :i*  !y d s is a fitt+ po9t =
 ! public activities ( wom54  ,wom5 h   
already begun to m$iate betwe5 ! sy/em (
 law &  ! individuals ^u :om puni%m5t by
 imprisonm5t is impos$2 !y  h call$     
att5tion to ! impossibility ( re=m+     
(f5d]s  9 a prison :i* ignores          
individuality & ! psy*ology ( !         
individual4 ,x is true t su* m$iation is
 at pres5t usually  subject to ! veto ( 
! controll+ sy/em1 & is !re=e  limit$2 a
 disability :i* is likely to hamp] wom5 
until ! value  ( wom5's "w is recognis$ 
z equal to t ( m54 ,b ! obscure         
dissatisfactions ( our "t1 caus$ by !   

discrepancy betwe5  in/itutional & human
 values are1 on ! "o h&1 compell+ wom5  
to p5etrate into public life1 &1 on !   
o!r h&1 ?reat5+ !  /ability ( all       
in/itutions4 ,if wom5 are true to       
!mselves _!  full co-op]ation ) m5 is   
inevitable4    ,?is means t wom5 mu/    
c>ry _! womanhood ) !m into all         
occupations1 o!rwise ! advantage ( _!   
entry into public affairs  w be entirely
 lo/4 ,besides1 a woman :o tries to d a 
man's "w  9 a man's way pays too high a 
price = ! ef=t4 ,a man c be  =mal &     
ab/ract )\t los+ 8 human qualities or   
ceas+ to be  creative1 s9ce 8 en]gies   
are di/ribut$ 9 t way1 b a woman  _c4   
,%e mu/ exp5d m en]gy ?an he does to    
a*ieve ! same  =mal outlook2 %e mu/     
ab&on ! creative love = ! individual    
:i* is ess5tial = womanhood2 &1 because 
%e has kill$ h]self  spiritually1 a =mal
 woman is twice z =mal z any man1 & h]  
"w is necess>ily b>r54 ,mo/ wom5 are    
in/9ctively aw>e ( ?is  dang] & protect 
!mselves f ! h>d5+ ( traditional r\t9e  

by simple indiff]5ce to _! "w & an      
escape into m>riage  z soon z possible4 
,b ?is is m]ely an evasion ( ! problem  
:i* wom5 mu/ solve 9 ! next g5]ation or 
two1 ! problem  ( leav5+ ! organis$     
sy/ems ( society ) human values s  t    
me*anical r\t9e is r$uc$ to a m9imum4   
,mean:ile1 wom5 are  obvi\sly 9 _! prop]
 place 9 any occupation :i* deals       
directly  ) human be+s4                 
,,ix      ,! diff]5ces t h be5 indicat$ 
betwe5 ! sexes 9  ?is essay d n =m a    
h>d-&-fa/ divid+ l9e4 ,m5 are n  all    
intellect & consci\sness1 nor are wom5  
all intuition &  unconsci\sness4 ,x w\ld
 be ju/] to say t "s m5 are m           
intellectual ?an any woman1 & "s wom5 m 
intuitive ?an any  man3 b ev5 ?is       
/atem5t does n adequately cov] ! case4  
,!  diff]5t det]m9ation ( en]gy :i*     
h9d]s wom5 f supreme  intellectual      
deta*m5t1 & m5 f supreme human und]/&+1 
is  subtly op]ative betwe5 ^! two       
extremes ?r\gh\t ! int]v5+  space :]e m5
 & wom5 h a common field ( action4 ,x   

%\ld  !re=e be traceable 9 _! respective
 contributions to art4    ,x is p]haps  
unwise ?\gh int]e/+ to attempt ! draw+ (
  di/9ctions betwe5 m5's art & wom5's3 s
 mu* dep5ds ^u "o's  idea ( ! nature (  
art4 ,b x may be possible )\t becom+    
entangl$ 9 controv]sy to sugge/         
t5tatively "s diff]5ces1 &  x seems wor?
 :ile to see h[ f> ! argum5t w c>ry u4  
,f ! po9t ( view ( ?is inquiry a "w (   
art ranks z a  supremely consci\s       
creation4 ,x has p]fection ( =m & x is  
p]man5t3 ars longa1 vita brevis4 ,b x is
 also directly &  vitally connect$ ) !  
=ces ( unconsci\s life2 x dep5ds  ^u1 or
 r x is *>act]is$ by an int5sity (      
emotion :i*  x transmits z if by magic  
to o!r p ?an its creator4 ,its =m  c be 
judg$ dispassionately1 b n its cont5t4  
,x is deta*$  f human life1 & is at !   
same "t a revelation ( x 9 a way  :i* is
 m imm$iate & m mov+ ?an a m]e          
explanation4 ,?us1  al?\gh x is z       
delib]ate a product ( consci\s processes
 z a  ma!matical !ory or a philosophical

 idea1 or an economic sy/em1 x  is m    
intimately l9k$ to unconsci\s life ?an  
any ( ^!2 x is  p]haps clos] to         
unconsci\s life ?an any o!r k9d (       
consci\s  creation4 ,= ?is reason1      
because x belongs to bo? worlds1 !      
e/eem 9 :i* x is held v>ies accord+ to !
 values ( ! p  among :om x is practis$4 
,& 9 c]ta9 cases ! place assign$  to art
 seems to confirm ! g5]al !ory ( ?is    
essay1 t wom5  create unconsci\s m ?an  
consci\s life1 & t m5 associate !       
values ( unconsci\s life ) wom54 ,= 9   
communities :i* are too  rigidly        
organis$1 because entirely devot$ to "s 
sy/em1 & :i*  !re=e di/ru/ ! p]sonal    
values ( unconsci\s life1 communities   
su* z ^? ( ! bus9ess m5 "h or 9 ! ,unit$
 ,/ates1 art  is di/ru/$1 ! arti/ is    
consid]$ to be effem9ate1 & !           
appreciation & culture ( art are left   
half contemptu\sly1 half  respectfully  
to ! wom54 ,on ! o!r h&1 9 communities  
:]e !  framework ( consci\s life has n  
h>d5$ & unconsci\s values are  n        

depreciat$1 ! =mal p]fection ( art      
ar\ses m5's admiration1  & ! arti/ is   
look$ ^u z ! be/ type ( manhood4 ,!     
arti/  mu/ ?us possess bo? mascul9e &   
fem99e qualities2 t is to  say1 he has  
imm$iate access to ! intuitions (       
unconsci\s life1 z  a woman has1 & he   
creates consci\s =m1 z a man does4    ,x
 has be5 already admitt$ t ! diff]5ce   
betwe5 m5 &  wom5 is only a relative    
diff]5ce1 t m5 h unconsci\s &  wom5     
consci\s p[]s2 ! fact t art belongs to  
bo? worlds  !re=e all[s bo? m5 & wom5 to
 be arti/s1 :ile at !  same "t x makes m
 difficult ?an ev] ! attempt to draw a  
di/9ction betwe5 m5's art & wom5's4 ,!re
 are1 h[ev]1 "o or  two possibilities   
:i* sugge/ !mselves4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 if
  ! en]gy ( wom5 is m absorb$ by        
unconsci\s life ?an t (  m51 x c play   
less freely 9 ! _w ( consci\s =m & is   
!re=e less able to a*ieve t p]fect      
fusion ( =m & cont5t  on a gr& scale :i*
 is supreme art4 ,c]ta9ly ! greate/     
arti/s  ( hi/orical times h be5 m51 &   

!re is no reason to ?9k t  ! dom9ation (
 m5 is ev5 p>tly responsible = ! lack ( 
great  wom5 arti/s4 ,b if wom5 are      
h&icapp$ 9 ^? arts1 su* z  lit]ature1   
pa9t+1 & ! composition ( music1 :]e !   
f9i%$  product takes a p]man5t =m deta*$
 f ! human p]sonality  ( ! arti/1 !y    
%\ld h an advantage 9 arts l danc+1     
s++1 & act+1 :]e ! actual p]sonality is 
! m$ium (  expression4 ,& z a matt] (   
fact 9 arts ( ?is k9d wom5 h  atta9$    
supreme rank4 ,x seems p]missible to say
 t ! ne>] !y  are to concrete human     
life1 ! m freely & naturally !y c       
create4    ,aga91 x may be sugge/$ t !  
t5d5cy to elaborate =m at !  exp5se (   
cont5t is a dang] to :i* m5 are m       
susceptible 9  art ?an wom54 ,wom5's    
great] vitality & comp>ative weakness 9 
consci\s life expose !m r to ! opposite 
fault1 a failure to  a*ieve a /rictness 
( =m p]fectly adequate to ! int5sity (  
! emotion express$4 ,?is weakness w\ld  
be m likely to occur  9 ! r5d]+ ( a     
su/a9$ ?an ( a transi5t emotion or mood2

  consequ5tly "o w\ld expect p]fection (
 =m f wom5 arti/s 9  works ( small      
compass & natural spontaneity1 su* z    
lyric poems1  r ?an 9 an epic or a long 
descriptive poem4 ,! m ela/ic !  =m1 ! m
 %apeless x is1 ! m wom5 are able to use
 x =  su/a9$ "w4 ,9 lit]ature1 at lea/1 
?is seems to be true4 ,!  loose bulk ( !
 novel makes x attractive to wom5 z a   
m$ium (  expression2 & any long works ( 
! fir/ rank writt5 by wom5 are  to be   
f\nd 9 ?is =m4    ,fur!r1 s9ce x is     
wom5's bus9ess to create individuals r  
?an  sy/ems ( society1 "o w\ld expect ! 
art ( wom5 to be conc]n$  l>gely )      
actual individual exp]i5ce & concrete   
situations4 ,9  "o s5se1 ( c\rse1 all   
art mu/ d ?is2 b individual exp]i5ce  c 
be transmut$ into symbols & s g5]alis$1 
or project$ into  future worlds1 & t is 
precisely :at wom5 are unlikely to d4   
,no  woman has ev] writt5 a great my? or
 a ,utopia4    ,f9ally1 if wom5 are     
ess5tially creators ( human life1 we may
  surmise t !y are m int]e/$ 9 !        

relation ( art to life  ?an 9 art =     
art's sake4 ,b ?is supposition mu/ be   
made ) _m  qualifications4 ,x is n      
sugge/$ t 9 ! act ( creat+ or           
appreciat+ a "w ( art wom5 pause to ask1
 8,( :at use is ?is to  life80 ,if !    
emotion t !y exp]i5ce is au!ntic & vivid
 !y  w accept its significance simply1 z
 !y accept ! significance  ( any vivid  
exp]i5ce4 ,b x is sugge/$ t if !y       
reflect ^u  art at all1 ?is is precisely
 ! "q1 =mulat$ or n1 :i*  w decide _!   
attitude to x4 ,9 e/imat+ a "w ( art    
wom5 are  m likely to be influ5c$ by its
 cont5t ?an by its =m1 & !y  are capable
 ( draw+ practical conclusions f x :i*  
w\ld h>dly  occur to m54    ,among !    
diff]5t k9ds ( art1 ^? :i* express      
!mselves 9 a  m$ium closely relat$ to ! 
normal activities ( daily life seem to  
be ! mo/ fav\rable = wom54 ,!re are m   
great wom5 arti/s  9 lit]ature ?an 9    
sculpture or pa9t+1 & m 9 ^! ?an 9      
music4 ,lit]ature is express$ ?r\gh     
language1 :i* is a m$ium 9  con/ant use 

betwe5 individuals2 a pa9t bru% 9 our   
civilisation  is a less usual means (   
expression1 & ! mak+ ( music /ill  less 
usual4 ,"o might also haz>d a guess t 9 
lit]ature !  vocabul>y ( wom5 conta9s   
few] unusual words ?an t ( m54 ,=  !    
diff]5ce betwe5 spok5 & writt5 language 
is r\ghly analog\s  to ! diff]5ce betwe5
 wom5 & m52 a correspond5ce :i* may     
influ5ce ! /yle ( wom5 bo? z speak]s &  
writ]s & _!  pref]5ces z read]s4        
,x      ,x may be affirm$1 !n1 t wom5   
are m directly l9k$ to  concrete life   
?an m51 & t !y naturally incl9e to      
utilit>ian  /&>ds 9 judg+ ! importance (
 ?+s4 ,m5 create ideas1 &  wom5 make use
 ( !m3 wom5 create human be+s1 & m5 make
 use  ( !m3 bo? m5 & wom5 seize :at !y  
ne$ = ! s]vice (  _! own purposes4 ,is  
?is diff]5ce disc]nible 9 ! intellectual
  "w ( educat$ wom51 9 ! subjects !y    
delib]ately *oose  = rese>*1 & 9 !      
contributions !y make to k8 ,?is  "q1 & 
_m o!rs1 rema9 to be answ]$2 &1 ) !m1 ! 
fundam5tal "q :e!r ! education ( wom51 &

 especially  _! 8high] education10 is   
plann$ to secure ! developm5t (  an     
enlight5$ womanhood1 z di/9ct f manhood4
 ,! pres5t  inquiry pret5ds to be no?+ m
 ?an a /imulus to ! fur!r  inve/igation 
( ess5tial diff]5ces betwe5 m5 & wom52 b
 x  is cle> t if !re is any tru? 9 our  
conclusions1 an hone/  re-/atem5t (     
wom5's aims is necess>y4 ,! conception (
 womanhood  :i* has be5 adumbrat$ "h1 if
 x is accept$1 dem&s s _m  adju/m5ts 9 !
 attitude ( wom5 t[>ds !mselves1 t[>ds  
morality1 religion1 sex1 & education t x
 is impossible )9 !  limits ( ?is essay 
to give ev5 a h9t ( !m4                 
,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,great ,,brita9 ,,by       
,,neill ,,& ,,co41 ,,ltd41 ,,ed9burgh4  
,,footnotes3    ,footnote #a3 ,!        
,dom9ant ,sex1 by ,ma?ilde & ,ma?ias    
,va]t+4  ,translat$ by ,ed5 & ,c$>      
,paul4 7,geo4 ,all5  ,unw947            
,,transcrib]',s ,,notes    ,simple      
typographical errors h be5 sil5tly      
correct$4