,,africana4 ,a4 ,,k+ ,,& ,,co41 ,,pr9t]s ,,to ,,! ,,univ]sity4 ,illu/ration3 ,i--,frontis4 ,,! ,,po/man4 8,lit]ature is likely to be an important means ( elevat+ & purify+ ! native4 ,all ,africans1 f ! lad t writes 8 ,gramm> ex]cise to ! po/man t conveys a writt5 message 9 a split w&1 h a lik+ = kalata 7lett]s740--,vol4 ,,ii41 p4 #bfa4 ,,africana2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,he>t ,,( ,,hea!n ,,africa4 ,,by ,,! ,,rev4 ,,duff ,,macdonald1 ,m4,a41 ,b4,d41 ,,late ,,( ,,! ,,*ur* ,,( ,,scotl& ,,mission1 ,,blantyre1 ,,ea/ ,,c5tral ,,africa4 ,,vol4 ,i4--,,native ,,cu/oms ,,& ,,beliefs4 8,! prop] /udy ( mank9d is man40 ,,london3 ,,simpk9 ,,m>%all ,,co4 ,,ed9burgh3 ,,john ,,m5zies ,,co4 ,,ab]de53 ,a4 ,,br[n ,,co4 #ahhb4 ,all rights res]v$4 ,,to ,h4 ,h4 ,m4 ,,?is ,,"w ,,is ,,inscrib$ ,,9 ,,remembrance ,,( ,,! ,,greate/ ,,trials ,,pati5tly ,,endur$ ,,= ,,! ,,good ,,( ,,africa4 ,,preface4 ,hea!n ,africa is a wide _w1 b n s wide z might at fir/ sight appe>4 ,a l>ge "p ( ! cont95t has be5 rea*$ by ,mahomm$anism1 & ,*ri/ian ,missions are ev]y:]e mak+ bold inroads1 s t ! portion ( ,africa left entirely to ! light ( nature is less ?an is (t5 suppos$4 ,my ma9 object is to contribute to a bett] und]/&+ ( ! ,african hea!n1 & ! read] acqua9t$ ) books on ! 8d>k cont95t0 w p]ceive t ! great] "p ( ! in=mation giv5 9 ^! pages is entirely new4 ,my k 0 ga9$ :ile ,i work$ 9 ! ,african ,mission field4 ,un=tunately ,i arriv$ at ! sc5e ( my lab\rs to f9d t ! ,directors ( ! ,mission _h set up a peculi> ,civil ,adm9i/ration :i*1 z might h be5 expect$1 soon gave rise to great difficulties4 ,h5ce1 al?\gh ,i 0 lab\r+ ) increas+ success1 & daily ga9+ ! confid5ce ( ! natives1 ,i 0 sudd5ly recall$ by ! ,directors4#a ,al?\gh no long] privileg$ to lab\r 9 ,africa1 ,i h /ill ! deepe/ sympa?y ) its p1 & am l$ to publi% ^! volumes 9 ! hope ( /imulat+ ,*ri/ians to m he>ty endeav\rs 9 behalf ( ?is d>k l&4 ,a k ( ^! ,africans is int]e/+ = its own sake4 ,besides1 we _c believe t ,god has ma9ta9$ su* multitudes ( human be+s = s _m g5]ations )\t our be+ able to le>n lessons f !m4 ,x is only :5 "o has _h an opportunity ( und]/&+ ^! races = himself1 t he kn[s h[ mu* !y require ! help ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,:ile f t d>k l& ,*ri/ians he> ! words1 8,come ov] & help u10 seldom d !y realize h[ urg5t is ! call4 ,t call is associat$ ) ! %rieks ( ! helpless slave :o is sacrific$ at ! tomb ( 8 oppressor1 ) ! la/ cries ( a fond "m poison$ by a sup]/iti\s son1 & ) ! sigh+ ( a wife torn f ! home ( h] affection & compell$ to drag out a mis]able captivity among m5 ^: h&s are r$ ) ! blood ( h] k9dr$4 ,:5 lab\r+ 9 ,africa1 (t5 h ,i be5 ask$ to expla9 :y ,i 0 8s long 9 com+0 :5 ,i knew t its p 7 liv+ 9 d>kness1 & su* a "q e ,pione] ,mission>y may expect to face4 ,i _c express ! feel+s ( _m a hea!n ,african m t\*+ly & at ! same "t m truly ?an by quot+ ! foll[+ :i* comes f ,mr4 ,gill1 a ,mission>y 9 ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s3-- 8,at "o ( ! fell[%ip meet+s :i* ! native ,*ri/ians ( ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s _h among !mselves1 an old man rose & said1 #8,i /& among y to-day a solit>y & lonely man4 ,once ,i _h a wife3 de> %e 0 to my he>t2 %e is no m4 ,once ,i _h five noble sons2 !y are all gone4 ,o t t]rible night1 :5 my wife w5t out to ! bru%wood1 nev] to return1 :5 my boys left my home to be sla9 by our deadly enemies6' ,he paus$1 & !re 0 a deep sil5ce2 ! te>s roll$ d[n 8 *eeks4 #8,^! ?+s d n occur n[1' he aga9 said2 #8,*ri/ianity has put an end to ^! bloody w>s4 ,b !re is "o ?+ ,i want to ask1 ,c x be t ! ,*ri/ian p 9 ,engl& h _h ?is ,gospel ( peace = _m long ye>s1 & nev] s5t x to u until n[8 ,o t !y _h s5t x soon]6 ,_h !y s5t x soon]1 ,i %\ld n be to-day solit>y1 sad-he>t$1 m\rn+ my murd]$ wife & *ildr54 ,o t !y _h s5t x soon]6'0 ,z ,missions to solit>y /ations among aborig9al tribes require to be conduct$ 9 a c>eful & well-def9$ mann]1 ,i h po9t$ out _m difficulties by :i* ! success ( su* ent]prises is liable to be impair$4 ,) ref]5ce to ! assumption ( ,civil ,jurisdiction1 :i* br\ght "o or two ,ea/ ,african ,missions "u public notice1 ,i h said little except :]e any incid5t illu/rat$ ,mission difficulties or ,african cu/oms1 & on ?is subject ,i mu/ ref] ! read] to ,mission>y ,magaz9es--9 p>ticul> ! ,mission>y ,review = #ahhb4 ,b le/ ,i %\ld appe> indiff]5t on ! matt]1 ,i may1 )\t obtrud+ ! subject1 introduce "o or two rem>ks calculat$ to b5efit ! y\?ful ,mission>y4 ,su* a man is g5]ally full ( zeal & en?usiasm1 & ! la/ ?+ 9 ! _w t he fe>s is ! dang] ( be+ confront$ ) misrepres5tation or d\btful diplomacy4 ,b su* a dang] is possible--x is "o ?+ to g to ! heat z ! s]vant ( ! ,"l1 & q a diff]5t ?+ to g z ! ag5t ( a ,committee4 ,:ile ,mission ,directors incur "s risk by sett+ up a ,civil ,jurisdiction1 ! real dang] falls ^u ! ag5ts !y employ4 ,if any ( ^! ag5ts say1 8,i am "h comm&$ to act z a judge or a *ief1 ,i am p]fectly aw>e ?is is a difficult task1 b ,i am b\nd to d my be/ to obey10 he soon f9ds he is greatly blam$3 &1 on ! o!r h&1 :5 a man reasons1 8,my sup]iors h set up a /range organisation "h4 ,b ^! m5 are ! great ,lead]s ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!y h be5 /udy+ ,mission>y me?ods be=e ,i 0 born4 ,i h no d\bt !y und]/& _! plan4 ,b ,i _c und]/& x3 ,i mu/ leave x entirely alone & devote all my att5tion to ,spiritual "w10--condemnation z c]ta9ly foll[s4 ,aga91 :5 an orda9$ ,m9i/] becomes a ,mission>y1 he is held to lay aside 8 m9i/]ial /atus & become ! ag5t ( a committee1 :ile a ,lic5tiate :o is set ap>t = "w among ! hea!n is 8orda9$0 9 ! same s5se z a beadle may be said to be orda9$--he may talk ( 8magnify+ 8 (fice10 b he holds x only dur+ ! pleasure ( a committee :o1 aft] he has p]=m$ 8 duties mo/ dilig5tly1 may ) ! greate/ complac5cy1 turn him =? to />ve6 ,su* are "s ( ! difficulties t are ?\ghtlessly ?r[n 9 ! way ( ,mission "w4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 a m pleasant side to contemplate4 ,i desire to say ) emphasis3--8,savage tribes are n difficult to get on )1 ,hea!ndom is n an unpromis+ field10 & su* is ! exp]i5ce1 ,i ?9k1 ( all ,mission>ies z !y g =w>d1 believ+ t 8,he %all h ! hea!n = ,8 h]itage1 & ! utt]mo/ p>ts ( ! e>? = ,8 possession60 ,i h pleasure 9 ackn[l$g+ t = sev]al ( ! illu/rations ,i am indebt$ to ! c\rtesy ( ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,r[ley1 ! tal5t$ au?or ( ! ,/ory ( ! ,univ]sities' ,mission to ,c5tral ,africa4 ,,cont5ts ,,( ,,vol4 ,i4 ,n4,b4--,! figures & lett]s 9 brackets ref] to ! sections 7& n to ! pages74 ,,page ,,introductory4 ,novelty ( ! ,subject4 ,effect ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,difficulty & value ( ! inve/igation1 #a-ad ,,*apt] ,i4--,,fir/ ,,impressions4 7,a7 ,dress1 ,tatoos1 ,ornam5ts4 7,b7 ,weapons4 7,c7 ,h\ses1 ,b$s1 ,fireplace1 ,furniture1 ,live ,/ock4 7,d7 ,climate1 ,ra9s1 ,productions1 ,fam9es4 7,e7 ,food1 ,want ( ,bread1 ,meals1 ,unclean ,animals1 ,hospitality4 7,f7 ,"w1 ,division ( ,lab\r4 7,f799 ,races & ,*iefs4 7,g7 ,travell+ & ,salutations1 #ae-ce ,,*apt] ,,ii4--,,arts ,,& ,,lit]ature4 7,h7 ,trades & ,manufactures1 ,iron1 ,baskets1 ,clo?1 ,pott]y1 ,african ,indu/ry4 7,i7 ,! ,le>n$ ,pr(essions1 ,m$ic9e1 ,div9ation4 7,k7 ,*>ms4 7,l7 ,traditional ,lit]ature--its ,=m1 ,matt]1 & ,relations to ,k9dr$ ,traditions1 #cf-eg ,,*apt] ,,iii4--,,native ,,!ology4 7#a7 ,nature ( man4 7#b7 ,immortality4 7#c-f7 ,! ,gods1 _! ,dwell+ ,place1 _! ,manife/ations2 ,di/9ctions4 7#g1 #h7 ,prie/s1 ,village ,gods4 7#i1 #aj7 ,poly!ism1 ,selection ( ,gods4 7#aa1 #ab7 ,special ,deities1 ,pa?os ( ,native ,!ology4 7#ac7 ,! ,creation1 #eh-ge ,,*apt] ,,iv4--,,native ,,wor%ip4 ,,occasions ,,= ,,(f]+s4 ,j\rney1 ,w> or ,hunt+4 7#ad7 ,oracles4 7#ae7 ,c]emonies4 7#af1 #ag7 ,om5s4 7#ah7 ,rejoic+s4 7#ai7 ,sickness4 7#bj7 ,fam9e1 ,dreams4 ,,nature ,,( ,,(f]+s4 7#ba-bd7 ,ord9>y ,(f]+s4 7#be-bh7 ,special ,(f]+s1 ,human ,sacrifices1 #gf-ig ,,*apt] ,v4--,,dea?4 7#bi7 ,summ>y4 7#cj7 ,illness1 ,physician's ,responsibility4 7#ca7 ,dea?1 ,slaves caught to escort ! deceas$4 7#cb-ch7 ,m\rn+ ,c]emonies4 7#ci7 ,immolation ( human be+s4 7#dj7 ,h\se ( deceas$ tak5 d[n4 7#da7 ,position ( ! deceas$ 9 ! o!r _w4 7#db1 #dc7 ,cont9uation & end ( m\rn+1 #ih-aab ,,*apt] ,,vi4--,,*ildhood ,,& ,,y\?4 7#de-dg7 ,bir?1 ,e>ly ,days1 ,nam+4 7#dh-ea7 ,betro?al1 ,e>ly ,tra9+1 ,amusem5ts1 ,games1 #aac-abd ,,*apt] ,,vii4--,,my/]ies4 7#eb1 #ec7 ,in/ruction ( ,girls1 ,boys1 ,adults2 ,g5]al rem>ks1 #abe-acb ,,*apt] ,,viii4--,,m>riage4 7#ed7 ,procur+ a ,wife4 7#ee7 ,ranks among ,wives4 7#ef7 ,adult ,m>riage1 ,w$d+-day4 7#eg7 ,woman's ,k+dom4 7#eh7 ,m>riage ,contract4 7#ei7 ,divorce4 7#fj7 ,! ,wife's ,surety1 #acc-adc ,,*apt] ,,ix4--,,social ,,life4 7#fa-fc7 ,native ,villages4 7#fd-ff7 ,ord9>y ,life & ,"w4 7#fg7 ,food 9 common1 #add-aea ,,*apt] ,x4--,,gov]nm5t ,,& ,,adm9i/ration ,,( ,,ju/ice4 7#fh-gb7 ,headm5 & ,*iefs4 7#gc-gf7 ,c\rts ( ,ju/ice1 ,trials1 & ,g5]al ,treatm5t ( ,crime1 #aeb-afd ,,*apt] ,,xi4--,,p]sonal ,,rights4 7#gg7 ,slav]y4 7#gh-ha7 ,murd] & ,homicide4 7#hb7 ,un*a/ity1 #afe-agd ,,*apt] ,,xii4--,,rights ,,( ,,prop]ty4 7#hc-ia7 ,public ,prop]ty1 ,l&1 c4 7#ib7 ,private ,prop]ty4 7#ic7 ,usury4 7#id7 ,petty ,!ft4 7#ie7 ,!ft & ,robb]y4 7#if7 ,miscellane\s ,crimes1 #age-ahf ,,*apt] ,,xiii4--,,inh]itance ,,& ,,int]national ,,law4 7#ig1 #ih7 ,succession to ,prop]ty & ,titles4 7#ii-aja7 ,int]national ,law & ,w>1 #ahg-aie ,,*apt] ,,xiv4--,a ,,slave ,,gov]nm5t4 7#ajb1 #ajc7 ,! ,magololo & _! ,rule4 7#ajd7 ,cruelties ( a ,slave ,gov]nm5t1 #aif-bjc ,,*apt] ,,xv4--,,wit*craft4 7#aje7 ,! ,poison$ ,cup4 7#ajf7 ,wit*craft ! cause ( ,dea?4 7#ajg7 ,detection & ,puni%m5t ( ,wit*es1 ,div9ation1 #bjd-bad ,,*apt] ,,xvi4--,,e?nology4 ,e?nological ,me?od1 ,tribal ,cu/oms1 ,ea/ ,c5tral ,africa1 ,s\? ,africa1 ,we/ & ,nor? ,africa1 ,races ( ,antiquity1 #bae-bcd ,,*apt] ,,xvii4--,,african ,,philology4 ,a ,philosophical ,language4 ,vocabul>y1 numb] & nature ( ,african ,words4 ,gramm>1 z comp>$ ) t ( ! ,aryan & ,semitic ,tongues1 #bce-bde ,,*apt] ,,xviii4--,,african ,,philology--,cont9u$4 ,imitation ( ,s\nds & ,spee*4 ,! ,polyglotta ,africana4 ,specialties 9 ,african ,tongues1 #bdf-beg ,,*apt] ,,xix4--,,e/imate ,,( ,,native ,,"*4 ,physical3 ,features1 ,figures1 ,p[]s ( ,endurance4 ,moral3 ,tru?fulness1 ,av>ice4 ,intellectual3 ,native ,oratory4 ,effect ( _! circum/ances on ,"*4 ,docility 9 ,religion1 #beh-bgf ,,app5dix4--,,cosmological ,,tales4 #bgg-cja ,,li/ ,,( ,,illu/rations4 ,,vol4 ,i4 ,! ,lett] ,c>ri]1 ,frontispiece ,s\? ,african mak+ fire1 #ab ,lib]at$ ,slaves--,blantyre1 #ae ,! ,supelele1 #ag ,native ,knives & ,arr[s1 #ai ,native ,pipes & ,pott]y1 #dj ,natives 9 ! ,african jungle1 #agf ,wom5 ( ,we/ ,c5tral ,africa1 #bbf ,native ,musical ,in/rum5t1 #bgb ,,introductory4 ,,introductory4 ,!re are no books1 s f> z we are aw>e1 t aim at giv+ a sy/ematic acc\nt ( ! beliefs & cu/oms ( any ( ! tribes 9 ,ea/]n ,c5tral ,africa4 ,inde$1 x is n long s9ce ^! tribes h be5 kn[n at all4 ,^? beliefs & cu/oms are to a great ext5t ,arcana ,africana1 & =m ! ma9 subject ( ?is "w4 ,^? t "k h[ long x takes to become ?or\ghly acqua9t$ ) new races ( p w object to a "w l ?is appe>+ s soon4 ,to ?is objection we w\ld reply t1 aft] a ,*ri/ian ,mission has be5 e/abli%$ = a few ye>s 9 a di/rict1 ! views ( ! p ar\nd may become s modifi$1 especially on religion1 t x is difficult to di/+ui% h[ mu* is native & h[ mu* is import$4 ,?is is specially true ( ^! ,africans4 ,!y rapidly ?r[ aside ev]y?+ t is native1 & grasp aft] ! views & cu/oms introduc$ by ! =eign]4 ,ev5 z x 01 we (t5 got answ]s t seem$ to be an e*o ( our tea*+1 b we made a po9t ( reject+ e /atem5t ( ?is k9d4 ,! read] may re/ assur$ t we h "h put be=e him no religi\s belief t 0 sugge/$ or modifi$ by ,*ri/ian tea*+4 ,aga91 !re are "s t ?9k x is n possible to give an acc\nt ( native beliefs & cu/oms1 because !y diff] s mu* 9 diff]5t di/ricts4 ,! same objection might be rais$ ) ref]5ce to ,engli% beliefs & cu/oms4 ,a man t wi%$ to give an acc\nt ( ! ,religi\s beliefs ( ! p ( ,engl&1 w\ld f9d t he _h und]tak5 a difficult task1 b su* an acc\nt1 s f> f be+ impossible1 might be made n only p]fectly accurate1 b also highly int]e/+ & pr(itable4 ,s 9 ! case ( ,native ,law4 ,we h se5 ! natives settle _! disputes 9 me?ods s _m & s diff]5t1 t we might h said 8,!re is no su* ?+ z ,native ,law04 ,might n ! v same op9ion be express$ ) ref]5ce to ,engli% ,law8 ,z we tri$ to r$uce ,native beliefs to an intelligible =m1 we 7 (t5 disc\rag$ by f9d+ t "o man w\ld make a /atem5t t 8 ne>e/ neighb\r w\ld contradict4 ,b z ye>s pass$ on1 ,i discov]$ t ?is accid5t 0 n s mu* ! fault ( ! ,african1 or ( 8 belief1 z ( ! ,european t que/ion$ him4 ,9 _m respects !re is a great] fixity ( belief 9 ,c5tral ,africa ?an 9 ,engl&1 al?\gh x may be freely admitt$ t ^! ,african cu/oms are subject to _m modifications due to local +5uity & caprice4 ,on ! subject ( ,native ,law ! read] is ev] at lib]ty to read betwe5 ! l9es t our /atem5ts may be (t5 modifi$ by a maxim :i* is b ill conceal$ 9 ,native ,jurisprud5ce by ! maxim1 8t might is "r04 ,,difficulties4 ,!re are enorm\s difficulties to ov]come be=e we c be sure t our /atem5ts are correct4 ,we once knew a man ( good abilities try to get in=mation on a small section ( native cu/oms1 & ! result 0 9 wond]ful disagreem5t ) facts4 ,we 7 s tickl$ at ! production t we w5t to our fri5d's in=m] & read ov] ! expressions "o by "o1 half incl9$ to ask reg>d+ ea* 8,w\ld y be surpris$ to le>n80 ,9 mo/ cases he 0 v mu* surpris$ inde$6 ,! causes ( error are s num]\s & subtle z to des]ve ext5d$ notice4 ,,import+ ,,european ,,ideas4 ,"o cause ( error is t we mix up :at ! ,african tells u ) our own ideas1 :i* are ,european4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is1 we put que/ions to him t he _c und]/&4 ,_m ( our que/ions /rike ! ,african exactly z a "q l ! foll[+ w\ld /rike a ,european1 8,if sev5ty miles ( ! sea 7 burn$1 :o w\ld be ! los]s1 ! ,insurance ,companies8 or ! ,h>b\r ,commission]s8 or ----80 ,if an ,african put ?is "q to a ,european ! ,european w\ld laugh at him2 b if ! ,european put x to an ,african1 ! latt] w\ld be m polite1 & w\ld ?9k t ! ,european 0 v +5i\s 9 f9d+ out a supposition t w\ld h nev] occurr$ to himself2 & al?\gh ! ,african kn[s t ! difficulty c\ld nev] arise 9 8 own c\ntry1 yet he feels b\nd to believe t ! poor ,european is p]plex$ by x1 & /ates :at he ?9ks w\ld happ5 9 ,africa on su* an extraord9>y occurr5ce3 ?us he gives an answ]1 :i* ! +5i\s ,european c>efully lays pa/4 ,= in/ance1 a p]son t _h nev] be5 out ( ,engl& w\ld see no?+ amiss 9 ask+ a ,makua or a ,ma*+a1 8,if a dog 7 to te> y\r tr\s]s & y\r h\semaid 7 to m5d !m1 h[ mu* w\ld y give h] 9 addition to h] ord9>y wages80 ,n[ ! native w n say 8,we we> no tr\s]s10 8,wom5 9 our c\ntry nev] sew10 8,no "o receives wages 9 our c\ntry = dome/ic s]vice10 8,special s]vices are n def9$1 & if !y 71 ! duties ( a h\semaid w\ld n be any?+ l :at !y are 9 ,engl&04 ,in/ead ( mak+ /atem5ts ( ?is k9d1 :i* w\ld all be int]e/+ to 8 que/ion]1 ! ,african w take up ! "q z x /&s1 he w consid] t x is q wor?y ( ! g5ius ( a ,european1 & w probably answ] t ! h\semaid w\ld get 8two f[ls1 "o hoe1 & a /r+ ( beads60 ,& he may reply )\t ! lea/ hesitation2 = if he be a pr(essional oracle-man1 rememb] he has be5 tra9$ all 8 lifetime to answ] hypo!tical que/ions4 ,he w\ld reason t if a man possess$ tr\s]s1 & s]vants1 yea1 a female t obta9$ wages & _h be5 taught to sew1 he ought to give h] "s h&some pres5t = :at %e did beyond h] ord9>y duties1 & !n our oracle w\ld /ate :at 0 8 idea ( a h&some pres5t4 ,8 answ] is utt]ly mislead+1 b he des]ves cr$it = 8 polite attempt to hum\r ! ,european1 :o =?) translates ! answ] into p\nds1 %ill+s1 & p5ce6 ,ano!r cause ( error is f\nd 9 ,,native ,,polit5ess4 ,"o ev5+ ,i que/ion$ a pr(essional judge on a po9t ( native law2 he repli$ by /at+ :at 0 entirely untrue2 :5 ,i po9t$ ?is out he m]ely laugh$ at ! circum/ance2 he ?\ght he _h inv5t$ some?+ t w\ld appe> bett] to a =eign]4 ,he rem9d$ me ( a ,scot* guide :o kept tell+ :at 0 false1 because ! ,s\!rns all lik$ to he> t "s 8old k+ 0 kill$ beside ! great big /ane04 ,bi%op ,/e]e says--8,9 ,africa !y nev] say no1 !y always say yes1 c]ta9ly2 b possibly y are no ne>] y\r object04 ,"o mu/ be c>eful nev] to sugge/ an answ] to a native2 if ! native & 8 que/ion] are /rang]s to ea* o!r ! =m] w make x a po9t ( etiquette to f9d out :at answ] ! /rang] w\ld l1 & may by & by take occasion to complim5t him on 8 clev]ness & ! accuracy ( 8 k6 ,/atem5ts made 9 answ] to direct que/ions are n to be reli$ on unless ! que/ion] has _h ye>s ( exp]i5ce 9 conv]sation ) natives1 & kn[s ! subject he conv]ses ab\t4 ,:at is arriv$ at 9 an indirect mann] is almo/ always m valuable4 ,i lay d[n ^! pr9ciples z to native evid5ce ) "s confid5ce1 z ,i h tri$ !m 9 hundr$s ( cases1 especially 9 endeav\rs to fix ! exact mean+ ( native words4 ,"o /atem5t :]e ! ^w occurr$ spontane\sly 0 wor? t5 /atem5ts contriv$ = ! purpose ( elim9at+ ! mean+4 ,9 my fir/ ef=ts to le>n ,african languages ,i f\nd t a great deal ( :at 0 said to me1 especially by int]pret]s1 0 q useless1 simply because ! poor fell[s 7 try+ to adapt _! language to a ,european capacity6 ,,native ,,idioms4 ,:5 "o attempts to obta9 in=mation ?r\gh int]pret]s1 )\t kn[+ any?+ ( _! peculi> idioms1 he is liable to ! /range/ blund]s4 ,^? t try to speak ) him c>ry _! ,african idioms into ,engli%4 ,natives h great difficulty 9 kn[+ ! diff]5ce betwe5 be=e & aft]4 ,boys t h be5 writ+ ,engli% essays = m ?an a ye>1 ?9k no?+ ( writ+ delib]ately ab\t :at m5 did on ! e>? be=e !y 7 creat$4 ,!re is ano!r idiom /ill m fitt$ to produce confusion1 & :5 an ,engli%man writes d[n 9 a multitude ( in/ances :at is ! rev]se ( ! tru? we are (t5 able to po9t out ! cause4 ,he puts to a native ! "q1 8,he did n g1 did he80 ,! native replies 8,yes10 :]e an ,engli%man w\ld say 8,no04 ,consequ5tly e "q put 9 ?is =m w be answ]$ 9 a mann] t _c fail to mislead4 ,9 ! same way natives conf\nd ! active & ! passive voice 9 v]bs4 ,,di/ract+ ,,circum/ances4 ,ev5 aft] "o has become famili> ) "s ( _! idioms he _c tru/ to all ! in=mation t he supposes himself to acquire4 ,i _h begun to hold conv]sations ) ! natives1 9 _! own tongue1 ab\t six weeks aft] my arrival1 & ,i well rememb] t ,i (t5 got in=mation exactly simil> to :at ,mr ,pickwick got f 8 cabman4 ,:5 a native sees a p]son not+ d[n any?+1 he makes up 8 m9d to say some?+ wor? not+6 ,s mu* did ,i feel ?is t at "o "t ,i endeav\r$ to keep my book out ( sight4 ,:ile !y 7 unaccu/om$ to x1 x introduc$ into ! conv]sation an elem5t t 0 v unnatural4 ,"o plan ,i took 0 to h a p5cil 9 my h& :i* ,i pret5d$ to be play+ )4 ,i ?us got d[n "s new words ^u my ?umb-nail1 & 0 beg9n+ to congratulate myself on ! success ( my /ratagem4 ,aft] ,i sat = ab\t t5 m9utes ano!r man approa*$ our gr\p1 :5 my fri5ds hail$ him 9 ^! words1 8,come "h & talk ) ! :ite man4 ,he is writ+ on 8 f+]s4 ,he has writt5 ?ree new ?+s already60 ,aft] ?is ,i saw t su* a trick 0 q useless4 ,n only _h !y se5 x all1 b !y c\ld tell h[ _m words ,i _h writt54 ,great 0 ! laught] t foll[$1 & ! new com] exam9$ ! guilty ?umb-nail6 ,,romantic ,,in=mation4 ,i sometimes got romantic in=mation t ,i 0 sorry at a lat] date to h to put my p5 ?r\gh4 ,?us ) ref]5ce to ! ,high ,prie/ ( a new gov]nm5t 7#ih71 ,i ga!r$ f "o man t ! fir/ p]son se5 by ! *ief aft] 8 in/allation became ! ,high ,prie/ ( 8 gov]nm5t4 ,i _h c>efully not$ d[n t a little boy play+ 9 ! village f\nd 8 way to ! h\se ( "o important *ief on ! morn+ aft] 8 in/allation1 & 0 ! fir/ to see ,8 ,royal ,highness2 = :om1 z a matt] ( fact1 he n[ (ficiates z sacrific]1 c4 ,!n1 hav+ tak5 up ?is mean+ ( ! incid5t1 ,i 0 f>!r in=m$ t ! *ief made a note ( ! fir/ five p t he saw 9 case ( ! dea? ( any2 & my in=m] 0 eag] to "k :o 0 ! fir/ man t ,i saw aft] com+ to ,blantyre4 ,subsequ5t in=mation ?rew discr$it on ! beautiful /ory4 ,b ! peculi> ?+ 0 t ,i f\nd long aft]w>ds ano!r native make ! v same /atem5ts4 ,?is ref]r$ me back to my old notes4 ,all ,i c\ld say ab\t x 0 t ! ^w ,i _h translat$ see meant also f9d1 t a boy might be ov] #ej ye>s = any?+ t ! native ^w indicat$1 & t x 0 n cle> f my text :e!r ! *ief 0 se5 by ! boy or ! boy by ! *ief4 ,mu* ( :at we h writt5 0 n made ! subject ( special inve/igation1 except :]e we f\nd any d\bt arise or any v]ification necess>y4 ,our special object 0 to obta9 su* an accurate k ( ! language z w\ld enable u to give a good translation ( ! ,bible4 ,mo/ ( ! k gradually grew ^u u z we m+l$ ) ! natives1 & = ! purpose ( translation att5d$ closely to e ^w t we he>d4 ,o!r p>ts1 especially ^? t ref] to religion1 7 ! subject ( special inquiry4 ,x is walk+ 9 ! d>k = a mission>y to endeav\r to appeal ei!r to ! feel+s or to ! reason ( a p ^: prejudices & beliefs are unkn[n to him1 & h[ he is to conv9ce !m )\t appeals to _! feel+s or _! reason ,i _c tell4 ,i w\ld h giv5 mu* to h _h an acc\nt ( ^? beliefs put into my own h&s :5 ,i left = ,africa4 ,i h tri$ to make all my /atem5ts z accurate z possible1 b x w\ld be too mu* to expect t 9 su* a difficult inve/igation ,i %\ld h escap$ ! influ5ce ( ^! _m & subtle s\rces ( error4 ,,! ,,value ,,( ,,/udy+ ,,native ,,cu/oms ,,& ,,beliefs4 ,:at is ! use ( m9ute inve/igations among ! ignorant hea!n ( ,c5tral ,africa8 ,we reply t su* inve/igations ?r[ light on _m po9ts t m5 ( sci5ce consid] to be ( great importance4 ,to take a few in/ances3-- ,i4 ,,9 ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,! ,,human ,,m9d4 7,a7 ,,! ,,s5ses4 ,"s speak z if m5 7 made at fir/ ) ! p[] ( p]ceiv+ only a few col\rs1 = in/ance1 black & :ite1 & t by & by !y tra9$ !mselves to p]ceive br[n4 ,"o argum5t advanc$ 9 fav\r ( ?is view is t _m native languages h words = black & :ite1 b no ^w = br[n4 ,n[ ,i knew sev]al languages :]e ! natives call$ br[n & black by ! same ^w2 b !y knew t !re 0 a great diff]5ce betwe5 br[n & black4 ,i f\nd t !y c\ld discrim9ate e %ade ( col\r t ,i c\ld discrim9ate myself4 7,b7 ,,! ,,intellect4 ,_m facts t ,i %all lay be=e ! read] w seem s /range t he may d\bt :e!r ^! savages h ! same m9ds z ,europeans1 :e!r !y reason or ?9k 9 ! same way at all4 ,x is true1 h[ev]1 t aft] "o places himself 9 _! circum/ances1 & tries to see & feel z !y d1 he w und]/& all _! /rang5ess2 he w ev5 see t x w\ld h be5 /ill m /range if _! reason+s & conclusions _h be5 diff]5t4 7,c7 ,,! ,,feel+s ,,& ,,emotions4 ,h we 9 ,europe s develop$ ourselves z to become possessors ( emotions t are entirely want+ 9 savage ,africa8 ,we h :at is call$ gratitude3 h ^! hea!n8 ,)\t any hesitation ,i answ] t !y h1 & t ev5 ?\gh we def9e gratitude z be+ mu* m ?an 8an acute s5se ( fav\rs to come04 ,aga9 we h pity4 ,a /rang] might ?9k t !y 7 de/itute ( ?is4 ,i h said to a boy1 8,don't c>ry t f[l s1 y give x pa904 ,at ?is he w\ld laugh4 ,x w\ld become ! /&+ joke = a day or two4 ,ev]yone w\ld be told t ! ,engli%man said t 8! f[l w\ld be sore04 ,a :ole village w\ld collect at ! /range report & receive ! news ) l\d laught]4 ,yet all w\ld admit t x 0 a cruel ?+ to pa9 ! f[l2 b !y did n reflect t _! me?od ( c>ry+ ! f[l gave x pa94 ,!y 7 us$ to _! own way1 & ?\ght no m ( ! matt] ?an a but*] does ( kill+ an ox4 ,at ! same "t !y h fables 9 _! language1 :i* %[ a desire to ent] m9utely into ! feel+s ( ! l[] animals4 ,= in/ance1 !y repres5t f[ls z reason+ on _! h>d fate 9 be+ kill$ = _! ma/]'s supp]4 7,d7 ,,moral ,,philosophy4 ,x has long be5 disput$ :e!r m5 h a 8,consci5ce0 t di/+ui%es betwe5 "r & wrong2 or :e!r !y m]ely look at c]ta9 actions t please or pr(it !m1 & call ^! actions good & ! opposite actions bad4 ,savages h be5 ref]r$ to on ?is subject4 ,we h f\nd t !y di/+ui% ! good f ! evil 9 ! same way z ,europeans d1 & usually agree ) our conclusions4 ,!y "k ! diff]5ce betwe5 an injury ( accid5t & "o ( int5tion4 ,z to ! moral judgm5t1 8,a man ought to d su* a ?+10 8,x is 8 duty10 we f9d ?is lesson is br\ght home to slaves or inf]iors by positive law4 ,9 o!rs !re are aspirations m ak9 to ! exub]ant activities & bright dreams ( y\?4 ,!y w\ld r ask1 8,h[ c we d be/80 z did ! ,anci5ts :o talk$ ( a summum bonum4 ,z ! _s ( ! _w became old] & sadd] ?is view gave place1 & ! idea ( 8duty0 0 m emphasis$ by morali/s4 ,spirit$ ,africans sav\r m ( ! ,gold5 ,age ( ,moral ,sci5ce4 ,x is to be rememb]$ t appeals to savage nations =m only a "p ( sci5tific inve/igations l ! above4 ,,ii4 ,,9 ,,e?nology4 ,on look+ at ! _m diff]5t races t inhabit ! e>?1 "s say t !y did n all spr+ f ! same /ock1 o!rs t !y did4 ,if we say t !y are all ( "o family we %\ld try to %[ h[ "s broke away f ! re/1 & at :at "t4 ,n[ let u make a supposition to %[ h[ ! cu/oms ( races might come 9 "h4 ,illu/ration3 ,,s\? ,,african ,,mak+ ,,fire4 ,9 ,,light+ ,a ,,fire "s tribes rub a /ick along a groove2 o!r tribes h an improvem5t on ?is1 !y produce fire by mak+ a little not* or hole 9 "o /ick1 & :irl+ ! o!r r\nd v rapidly ) ! po9t ( x 9 ! not*4 ,n[ we may hold t be=e mank9d discov]$ ! second me?od1 _m nations1 l ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&]s1 :o knew only ! fir/1 _h brok5 up communication ) ! re/ ( _! k9dr$2 b t ! ,africans :o use ! improv$ me?od _h likely be5 ) ! ma9 body ( mank9d till ! "t ( ?is great improvem5t4 ,aga91 take ! case ( ,,cook+4 ,"s tribes h no pots4 ,!y boil wat] by ?r[+ hot /ones into a sk94 ,!y mu/ h sep>at$ v e>ly f _! m cultivat$ bre?r54 ,o!rs wait$ till "s "o fell on ! plan ( boil+ wat] 9 a holl[ /one4 ,o!rs wait$ on till x 0 discov]$ t clay c\ld be %ap$ into a k9d ( pot1 & !n c>ri$ ?is important discov]y to ! l& ( _! adoption4 ,boil+ ) hot /ones 0 ! only way kn[n to c]ta9 ,am]ican1 ,au/ralian1 & ,polynesian tribes2 "s tribes 9 ,africa also us$ ?is me?od4 ,! ,esquimaux _h pot-/ones4 ,x seems to h be5 ! daub+ ( ^! ) clay t fir/ sugge/$ pott]y4 ,i h tak5 d[n traditions f ,african natives t po9t to "s recollection ( ! holl[ /one1 us$ ei!r by !mselves or "s o!r race2 b ! tribes "h treat$ ( "k ! value ( clay pots4 ,( c\rse !y are f> beh9d ! ,indians1 :o h metal pots4 ,) reg>d to ,,! ,,cause ,,( ,,disease !re exi/$ a widespread belief 7held by _m tribes 9 ,am]ica & ,au/ralia1 z also by ^! ,africans7 t disease came f bones1 horns1 balls ( hair or some?+ ( ?is k9d4 ,! anci5t ,egyptians at a v e>ly date consid]$ t disease 0 to a great ext5t caus$ by excess ( eat+4 ,! inf]5ce is t ^! tribes _h n /aid long en\gh to b5efit by ?is wisdom ( ! ,egyptians4 ,o!r peculi> cu/oms are spread ov] _m tribes1 & might be us$ 9 a simil> mann]4 ,_m ( ^! are obs]vances 9 ,,family ,,life4 ,among ! ,kaffirs a son-9-law mu/ n see ! face ( 8 "m-9-law4 ,?is cu/om is f\nd among ,s\? ,am]ican tribes4 ,sometimes a fa!r has to fa/ aft] ! bir? ( 8 *ild1 or take "s su* me?od ( %[+ t he recognises t he z well z ! "m %\ld take c>e ( ! "y /rang]4 ,:5 races are f\nd kn[+ no?+ ( ! art ( writ+1 & mak+ no attempt to use /one or bricks = build+1 we feel t a wide gulf sep>ates !m f ! mo/ anci5t races ( hi/ory4 ,( c\rse x is to be rememb]$ t !y might h once be5 aw>e ( su* arts4 ,_m ,africans1 z a matt] ( fact1 h se5 ,portuguese ar*itecture = c5turies )\t adopt+ x4 ,,iii4 ,,9 ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,religion4 ,a position has (t5 be5 ma9ta9$ t !re is no tribe )\t "s k ( ,god4 ,?is be>s on inve/igations 9 ! sci5ce ( m9d & on primitive traditions & e?nology4 ,we d n n[ dwell on native religion1 z x w claim special att5tion 9 subsequ5t *apt]s4 ,besides ?r[+ light on _m subjects l ! above1 a k ( tribal beliefs & cu/oms is ( vital importance to ! mission>y & also to ! trad]4 ,inde$1 any attempt to deal ) p )\t kn[+ _! cu/oms & beliefs is a m]e grop+ 9 ! d>k4 ,illu/ration3 ,,lib]at$ ,,slave-,,woman1 ,,blantyre4 7,photograph$ 9 ord9>y ,co/ume47 ,illu/ration3 ,,lib]at$ ,,slave-,,girl1 ,,blantyre4 7,tra9$ to ,h\sehold ,"w47 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,fir/ ,,impressions4 ,a4--,,dress1 ,,tatoos1 ,,ornam5ts1 ,c4 ,! dress ( ! native is v scanty3 sometimes we see full-gr[n m5 & wom5 ^: w>drobe does n consi/ ( a squ>e foot ( clo?4 ,we h ev5 se5 ! primitive fig-leaves n sewn toge!r1 b simply tak5 d[n = use1 along ) ! tip ( ! bran*es on :i* !y grew4 ,"o tribe1 call$ ! ,mangoni1 is fond ( we>+ sk9s4 ,o!r tribes t[>ds ! nor? ( ,lake ,nyassa are /ill m primitive 9 _! dress1 or r want ( dress4 ,! usual co/ume 9 ! ,blantyre di/rict is a piece ( calico ab\t two y>ds broad1 & r long]1 :i* is put r\nd ! middle ( ! body3 ! dress ( a man does n diff] f t ( a woman1 except t ! latt] may occasionally cov] h] brea/s4 ,! brea/s & arms are usually left q b>e4 ,!re is no hat on ! head1 nor %oes on ! feet4 ,:5 we tri$ to translate ! words1 8,if any man sue !e at ! law & take away ?y coat1 let him h ?y cloak also10 we f\nd a difficulty1 = if a native 7 /ripp$ ( "o g>m5t1 he w\ld g5]ally be left 9 a v helpless condition4 ,! *iefs1 or pr9cipal m51 dress z ! re/ ( ! p1 only !y may h a few m folds ( calico ab\t _! lo9s4 ,9 c]ta9 families1 z 9 ! ,ab&a family ( ! ,wayao tribe1 ! *ief ( ! di/rict1 or ( a village1 we>s a b& ( clo? r\nd 8 temples z a k9d ( cr[n4 ,be=e ! arrival ( ! mission>ies1 %irts1 al?\gh v r>e1 7 n entirely unkn[n1 & !re exi/$ a belief t :ile m5 might we> !m1 !y 7 n ! prop] ?+ = wom54 ,b>k clo? 7,h7 is ext5sively made & worn4 ,! tatoos 7nembo7 are sometimes dreadful inflictions1 & :5 ! l>g] m>ks are made ! *ildr5 ro> z if !y 7 di/ract$4 ,! ,angulu h m>ks l 8flies10 ! ,wayao tribal m>k is above ! nose1 ! ,anyasa make v l>ge rude tatoos1 :i* might be describ$ 9 ^? words t ,h5ry ,salt1 ! ,abyss9ian travell] 7#ahad71 uses ) ref]5ce to ! ,makua1 a tribe n f> di/ant1 & mu* spok5 ( by ! ,wayao1 "u ! "n ( ,makuani4 8,! ,makua practise tatoo+ s rudely t !y raise ! m>ks "o-eigh? ( an in* above ! surface40 ,he writes also3--8,!y file _! tee? to a po9t1 s t ! :ole set has ! appe>ance ( a co>se saw04 ,! natives "h are fond ( knock+ out a front too? 9 ord] to produce a beauty m>k4 ,ornam5ts are worn *iefly by ! wom5 9 ,africa z else:]e4 ,beads & bangles are 9 great reque/4 ,_m h armlets & anklets ( brass or iron4 ,! mo/ /rik+ female ornam5t is ! lip r+4 ,little girls h fir/ a small hole 7lupelele7 bor$ 9 ! upp] lip1 9 ?is !y place a /alk ( grass1 :i* prev5ts ! hole f fill+ up1 next !y ins]t a ?ick] /alk ( grass1 !n by means ( bits ( twigs1 c41 ! hole is made l>g] & l>g]1 till x c receive ?is r+4 ,h>dly any female is )\t x4 ,!y say x makes !m look 8pretty02 ! bigg] ! r+1 ! m !y value !mselves6 ,at ,zomba1 a small hole is bor$ on ! side ( ! nose1 & a tack 7exactly simil> to ^? l>ge head$ tacks or 8tackets0 us$ 9 ! sole ( a boot71 is put 94 ,?is tack1 *ip9i1 is made ( lead2 "s ( ! ladies us$ to express mu* surprise :5 ,i %[$ !m t x w\ld write on my book4 ,illu/ration3 ,,native ,,woman ,,) ,,beads1 ,,tatoos ,,& ,,lip-,,r+4 ,occasionally1 a woman w we> an enorm\s wig made ( beads4 ,! beads are s manipulat$ z to pres5t ! appe>ance ( hav+ be5 8?read$0 on ! hair ( ! head4 ,"s females d actually ?read beads on ! sep>ate hairs ( _! head1 b ! usual way is to put !m on a clu/] ( /r+s1 & !n we> l a wig4 ,sometimes !y all[ _! hair to gr[ till x is v long--x may be /ick+ up ab\t #h in*es above ! head--& !n x looks exactly l ! fleece ( a black %eep4 ,b ?is is unusual1 z ! natives are oblig$1 = ! sake ( cleanl9ess1 to %ave _! heads (t54 ,! m5 h sc>cely any be>d or :isk]s4 ,on ! %av+ ( ! head = a dea? 7#dj71 n ev5 ! eyebr[s are all[$ to escape4 ,!re is no end ( caprici\s %av+1 = in/ance1 !y %ave "o side only1 or ! :ole head except a pat* 9 ! middle4 ,,*>ms 7mbiji7 are v (t5 worn r\nd ! neck by bo? sexes4 ,^! are little pieces ( wood l :at fill ! g\rds ( ! ,sorc]]s 7,i74 ,!y are worn on a small /r+ 9 ! same way z beads4 ,we may m5tion "h t great quantities ( beads are worn r\nd ! lo9s 9 /r+s z ?ick z c>t ropes4 ,:5 a p]son is f home & wi%es to buy any?+1 he falls back ^u ?is portion ( 8 prop]ty :i* is really 8 8purse04 ,besides ?is1 a native c>ries a bag 7msaku71 :i* may conta9 a box ) lime 7swakala71 :i* he uses 9 *ew+ tobacco3 a snuff box is also common4 ,ladies p>take ( ^! 8regales0 to a less ext5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,,native ,,knives ,,& ,,arr[s4 ,b4--,,weapons4 ,! m5 g arm$ g5]ally ) guns4 7,! c\ntry is full ( fl9t muskets m>k$ ! 8,t[]10 & introduc$ by ! slave trade47 ,(t5 !y c>ry _! b[s ) half-a-doz5 arr[s4 ,!y nev] g un>m$4 ,"o *ief us$ to be fond ( c>ry+ a l>ge spe>1 :i* s]v$ z a k9d ( /aff4 ,mo/ ( !m c>ry knives z well4 ,^! weapons are necess>y = protection aga9/ bea/s ( prey & o!r enemies1 & may be us$ :]e game is se54 ,! ,mangoni c>ry a %ield l ! ,zulus4 ,on com+ d[n f ! ,lake region to ! ,portuguese settlem5ts at ,quilimane1 "o ( ! fir/ ?+s t /rikes u is1 t natives "u ! ,portuguese ,gov]nm5t g ab\t )\t c>ry+ any deadly weapon4 ,on ! hills r\nd ,blantyre1 a man sc>cely sits d[n to sew 8 wives' calico 9 8 own village )\t hav+ 8 b[ & arr[s by 8 side4 ,!y d n seem to be exp]t m>ksm52 b !y 7 able to s5d _! arr[s v mu* f>!r ?an ,i c\ld d1 let me try nev] s h>d4 ,!y 7 fond ( ask+ u to competitions ( ?is nature4 ,"o "t ,kumpama ( ,*]asulo *all5g$ u to a %oot+ mat*--8 arr[s aga9/ our guns6 ,!y all[$ u1 h[ev]1 to /& too f> back1 & ! arr[s ( 8 b[m5 fell %ort ( ! t>get4 ,little boys are to be se5 us+ _! arr[s f _! e>lie/ ye>s1 & !y %oot small birds v clev]ly4 ,!y use ! assagai1 b m = ?ru/+ ?an = ?r[+4 ,ap>t f w>1 *ances = its use occur :5 !y /eal ^u a buck be=e he awakes4 ,a l>ge broad spe> is us$ 9 kill+ fi%4 ,"s c>ry knob-/icks1 or /aves ( a simil> nature4 ,!y are useful = %ak+ ! dew or ra9 (f ! long grass1 z well z = def5sive purposes4 ,little axes ( v>i\s k9ds are c>ri$ 9 ! h&2 !y may be borne z cr$5tials :]e a *ief has to s5d by an unkn[n mess5g]4 ,! usual ,african axes are said to resemble ^? us$ 9 ,brita9 9 ! ,roman p]iod4 ,c4--,,h\ses4 ,! h\ses1 or huts 7nyumba7 9 :i* !y dwell1 are all r\nd4 ,x is mislead+ to say t !y dwell 9 !m1 z !y sc>cely ent] !m1 except to sleep1 or :5 driv5 by bad wea!r4 ,sometimes ! wom5 boil a pot inside ! h\se1 b (t5 ! cook+ is done outside2 all ! meals are eat5 outside4 ,:5 ! head ( a h\se has any sew+ to d1 he does x on a mat be=e 8 door1 or 9 ! village =um4 ,8 wife does n sew1 & mo/ ( h] occupations 7#eg7 are necess>ily outdoor4 8,a h\se10 says ! native1 8is made to sleep 940 ,! walls =m a circle--say ab\t twelve feet 9 diamet]--& are made ( /rong po/s1 sometimes close to ea* o!r1 b g5]ally ) spaces betwe51 :]e bamboos & grass are br\ght into requisition4 ,! framework ( ! ro( is plac$ ^u ! top ( ! circle1 & "s ?at* is ?r[n on4 ,! floor & walls are pla/]$ ) clay4 ,two doors 7mlango7 are m>k$ out be=e !y pla/]1 b "o ( ^! is g5]ally %ut up1 & may ev5 be disp5s$ )4 ,!re are no w9d[s4 ,! wall is n above #c feet high1 ! ro( projects s z to =m a small v]&ah 9 :i* a p]son may sit4 ,sometimes !re are ap]tures 9 ! wall calculat$ to let ?r\gh ! muzzle ( a gun4 ,! h\ses be+ occupi$ *iefly dur+ ! night1 "p ( ! floor is (t5 rais$ = a b$/ead4 ,! b$ :i* is m]ely a mat made ( bamboos or re$s1 & is n ne>ly s s(t z an ord9>y door-mat or he>?-rug1 is laid on ?is m\nd4 ,by ! side ( ! 8b$/ead0 are plac$ a few logs ( wood :i* =m a fire dur+ ! night4 ,! head ( ! h\se lies ne>e/ to ?is fire1 :ile 8 p>tn] is plac$ on 8 o!r side1 z he rem>ks1 away f ! fire4 ,blankets are unkn[n4 ,! clo? t cov]s ! man dur+ ! day may be drawn ov] him at night4 ,q z (t5 he lets x rema9 r\nd 8 lo9s4 ,occasionally x seems z if a little fl\r _h be5 spilt on ! gr\nd beside 8 head4 ,he w n speak ( ?is to a /rang]1 b y are on holy gr\nd1 & let me tell y 9 a :isp] t x is an (f]+ to 8 gods4 ,c&les are n us$1 ! logs t sm\ld] 9 ! fire give a little light4 ,!y burn beeswax occasionally1 & :5 light is requir$1 a little dry grass may be readily obta9$4 ,! native retires to re/ soon aft] d>k1 & is a/ir at ! fir/ /reaks ( dawn4 ,! fire is 9 ! middle ( ! floor1 & !re are no holes 9 ! ro( z 9 ! old ,highl&s ( ,scotl&4 ,! h\ses are )\t any *imney :atsoev]1 & ! smoke goes curl+ ab\t 9 ! ro( & may ultimately escape ?r\gh ! ?at* or at ! doors4 ,! ro( is beautifully black & glossy inside1 b outside x has an ugly br[n appe>ance4 ,a ,european f9ds x a mo/ inconv5i5t ?+ at fir/ to ent] a native hut1 ! smoke s fills 8 nose1 m\?1 & eyes1 b :5 he sits d[n to talk to an invalid1 ! inconv5i5ce is ( c\rse less ?an :5 he /&s upright2 at be/ ! atmosph]e resembles a ,london fog4 ,9 native huts x is sometimes difficult = a man ( ord9>y /ature to /& upright4 ,! doors ( ! h\ses are nev] ov] #c feet high4 ,:at pigmies ! natives mu/ be6 ,we h he>d a le>n$ pr(essor argu+ t ! height ( ! doors 9 c]ta9 v anci5t h\ses prov$ t ! human race 0 n deg5]at+ 9 /ature1 b ?is argum5t1 true 9 _m cases1 w\ld n d "h4 ,if ! native wants to /& upright1 he nev] ?9ks ( try+ to d s 9 8 doorway4 ,! ro( ( 8 h\se is g5]ally made a /ore2 he goes up f ! outside1 removes "p ( ! ?at*1 & puts 9 8 corn4 ,bags ( beans are hung up r\nd & r\nd on ! pill>s inside4 ,sometimes !re are "o or two pots fill$ ) beans1 & h]metically seal$ ) clay on ! top to pres]ve su* vegetables4 ,!re are no f5d]s or fire-irons to be se54 ,tables are unkn[n1 & *airs are h>dly us$ at all1 al?\gh m5 clev] at wood-"w make v small *airs ( v>i\s =ms4 ,implem5ts ( agriculture are /[$ away 9 ! h\se1 s are ! cook+ ut5sils1 ! man's b[ & arr[s1 ! sleep+ mat already m5tion$1 &--our inv5tory is complete6 ,"s "p ( ! h\se may be occupi$ by live /ock4 ,! f[ls are sometimes put up /airs 9 ! /ore1 & sometimes 9 a corn] s z n to di/urb ! o!r memb]s ( ! family6 ,b lay+-h5s 7mkolo7 & f[ls ) *ick5s h v special privileges1 & are n always conf9$ to _! corn]6 ,ano!r item ( importance to ! inmates ( a native h\se is ! rats4 ,!y sw>m 9 all corn]s aft] d>k4 ,!y nibble at ! maize t is /or$ 9 ! ro(1 & also at ! feet ( _! "l & ma/] bel[4 ,z we sit 9 conv]sation ) a numb] ( natives we _c help obs]v+ _! feet4 ,v g5]ally !y are all nibbl$ r\nd ! sides1 &1 ?ick ?\gh ! natives' sk9 may be1 we c see t _m bites h rea*$ ! quick fle%4 ,:5 a p]son dies 9 a h\se at night1 if ! dea? be unobs]v$1 ! body may be t]ribly eat5 by ! rats be=e morn+4 ,:at is ! mean+ ( tol]at+ ^! v]m98 ,leave t to ! natives !mselves4 ,a great fea/ day w come4 ,^! rats w be caught 9 hundr$s1 & ei!r eat5 on ! spot or laid up z /or$ provisions4 ,"s natives set traps 9 ! h\se ev5 dur+ ! close season1 b ?is is n ne>ly s pr(itable2 = if "o or two rats are caught dur+ ! night1 ! o!rs w eat !m1 & ! fonde/ expectation ( 8but*] meat0 w be bla/$4 ,aft] call+ att5tion to ! f[ls & ! rats1 we h done ) ! live /ock4 ,!re are inde$ 8small] cattle10 b !y are too num]\s to be specifi$4 ,!y are n a burd5 to ! h\se itself1 b are g5]ally borne by ! o!r inmates4 ,we h (t5 se5 a native sit pati5tly :ile two or ?ree o!rs kept se>*+ among 8 hair4 ,a fav\rite rem$y is to %ave ! head q b>e1 & sme> ! head & ! :ole body ) c]ta9 vegetable oils4 ,d4--,,climate ,,& ,,productions4 ,! climate /rikes u at fir/ z be+ mu* too hot1 b aft] a :ile we feel x m com=table4 ,!n we c ne>ly always anticipate ! wea!r4 ,x is q amus+ to he> an arrival f ,engl& say+ 8,?is is ano!r f9e day60 ,:5 we meet a man at home1 & h no?+ to say1 we ne>ly always call 8 att5tion to ! /ate ( ! wea!r4 ,:5 two natives meet ea* o!r ! usual salutation is--8,:]e are y go+80 ! wea!r be+ s uni=m t x may be tak5 = grant$4 ,! temp]ature 9 ! %ade at ! hill settlem5ts 0 h>dly ev] ov] #aje or "u #db1 #gj be+ ab\t ! av]age4 ,on ! pla9s ! heat 0 excessive4 ,! ra9y season beg9s ab\t ,octob]4 ,we h ne>ly six weeks ( v hot wea!r ab\t ,janu>y )\t mu* ra94 ,by & by ! sun returns ov]head aga91 & we h ! latt] ra9s4 ,ab\t ,april ! dry season sets 94 ,on ! productions ( ! c\ntry we may rem>k t !re are fruits 9 almo/ endless v>iety 9 ! bu%1 b !y are g5]ally v small1 & few ( !m are s good t we c>e to ta/e !m twice4 ,! masuku & mbembu are us$ v mu* by ! natives4 ,sug> cane1 tobacco1 india-rubb] are all to be f\nd gr[+ ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,! natives *ew ! /alks ( ! sug> cane1 *ew & smoke tobacco1 & reli% ! apple-l fruit f\nd on ! india-rubb] v9e4 ,?rifty h\sewives make v>i\s vegetable di%es 7maponda7 ( leaves & grasses t a ,european w\ld be incl9$ to despise4 ,9 ! hot season t prec$es ! ra9s sometimes food is v sc>ce1 & !n roots & h]bs /ill less sav\ry are call$ into use4 ,moreov]1 !re are c]ta9 edibles ( ?is k9d1 :i* are us$ only 9 ye>s ( fam9e4 ,be=e ! arrival ( ! mission>ies su* fam9es 7 exce$+ly common1 b !y 7 n all caus$ by ! climate1 _m 7 caus$ by w>4 ,nature is "h s b\ntiful t1 9 ord9>y circum/ances1 food is no object4 ,! only season associat$ ) hung] is a mon? or two imm$iately be=e ! ra9s4 ,if ! ra9s d n come e>ly1 ! old food may be q f9i%$4 ,z soon z ! ra9s beg91 vegetable life fl\ri%es ) su* luxuriance t ! season ( want is imm$iately =gott54 ,once or twice 9 travell+ dur+ ! season :5 ev]y?+ is dri$ up1 we h f\nd a little boy sitt+ weep+ on acc\nt ( 8hung]10 & ! expression 8hung] is pa9ful0 7sala kupoteka7 rem9ds u t mo/ natives "k ! fact by exp]i5ce4 ,mu* ( ?is is due to ! t$i\sness ( _! cook+4 ,if a p>ty arrive half />v+ at a village1 x may be sev]al h\rs be=e any?+ c be cook$4 ,! p d n keep fl\r on h&1 b mill x z x is requir$ = ea* meal2 & z _! meals are at #aa at noon & #f at night1 p>ties arriv+ 9 ! int]val mu/ tight5 _! belts4 ,native travell]s c\ld easily sympa?ise ) ,esau :5 he sold 8 bir?right4 ,e4--,,food ,,& ,,cook+4 ,! cook+ is done by ! wom52 b e native is a born cook4 ,:5 a buck is %ot out 9 ! bu%1 ev5 little boys w cook x at once4 ,! /aple food at ,blantyre is maize2 among ! ,anyasa millet2 & at ! m\? ( ! ,%ire1 rice4 ,maize & millet are gr\nd into a f9e fl\r 7ut&i1 ufa71 :i* is made into a k9d ( porridge 7ugali1 nsima74 ,?is is eat5 )\t salt1 b ought to be accompani$ by "s reli%1 z beans or meat4 ,?is porridge takes ! place ( bread 9 _! meals1 z ! natives make no bread4 ,ano!r way ( us+ maize or millet is 9 ! native be] 7ukana1 m[a71 ! only bev]age 9 common use except wat]1 :i* !y dr9k out ( ! runn+ /reams4 ,!y dr9k /agnant wat] also4 ,_! me?od ( dr9k+ is peculi>1 z !y lit]ally ?r[ ! wat] into ! m\? ) _! h&s4 ,! natives h regul>ly only two meals a-day1 b !y may eat maize /alks or sug> cane or o!r vegetables f morn+ till night4 ,!re are (t5 fea/s1 z on ! occasion ( hoe+-mat*es 7#fe71 wakes1 & m>riage settlem5ts4 ,be] is us$ greatly 9 ^? cases1 & be] dr9k+s may be got up also )\t any special occasion4 ,sometimes !y la/ = sev]al days1 ! la/ day 7lia kusasula7 is specially di/+ui%$ = cook+ porridge & f[ls4 ,su* solid food is n expect$ on ! o!r days4 ,!re is also s++1 danc+1 & drumm+4 ,! ex]cises g5]ally cont9ue ! :ole night4 ,! p>ties t d mo/ to keep up ! int]e/ 9 su* dances are paid4 ,!re are no live /ock except ! small species ( f[ls & ! rats t we h already m5tion$4 ,"s natives keep ducks--,muscovy ducks1 :i* d n require a pond4 ,ri*] p1 z village *iefs1 possess goats4 ,! ,magololo *iefs h %eep & a few c[s4 ,! ,wayao h a sup]/ition aga9/ c['s milk1 goat's milk1 & dairy produce ( e k9d4 7,9 ! same way "y p w n eat eggs2 x w\ld make !m b>r547 ,!y eat hippopotami1 elephants1 monkeys1 moles1 beetles1 & ev5 cat]pill>s4 ,!y take k9dly to meat t has begun to putrify4 ,yet !y make a di/9ction betwe5 :at animals are to be eat5 & :at are n4 ,any creature t w eat ! fle% ( a deceas$ human be+ is unclean4 ,x is msawi 7#ajf74 ,= in/ance1 :ile "s eat ! rav5 or kite 7likungulu71 o!rs prote/ t x fe$s ab\t ! graves4 ,a p]son c\ld travel f> & wide & tru/ to native hospitality4 ,if we arrive at a village at ! "t t ! native is tak+ 8 meals we are invit$ to p>take4 ,a great drawback is t a p]son n br\ght up on native food w be unwill+ to risk 8 heal? by p>tak+ ( _! f>e4 ,x _c be expect$ t ! travell] w f>e bett] ?an 8 ho/4 ,!y soon beg9 to "k p t d n eat freely ( native food1 & f motives ( polit5ess !y are sl[ 9 (f]+ x4 ,if we pass ?r\gh a village its inhabitants quietly ask "s ( our native ret9ue :e!r !re is any *ance ( our ta/+ ! native be]1#b & if x be f\nd t ! be] w n be refus$1 ! poor creatures g & se>* = a cup 7if !y h "o 9 ! :ole village74 ,!y judg$ t1 z we 7 m famili> ) cups ?an ) caliba%es1 ! cup w\ld be ! m acceptable4 ,! natives t accompani$ u on any j\rney 7 pres5t$ ) loads ( ! v>i\s fruits ( ! season4 ,if "o wi% to /ay all night he w get a h\se to sleep 94 ,natives receive hospitality q freely1 & are prep>$ :5 _! ho/ comes to _! home to treat him 9 ! same way4 ,:5 a p>ty f "o *ief goes to visit ano!r *ief1 "o ( _! cr$5tials is a pres5t4 ,x is a brea* ( etiquette to eat alone if any "o be pres5t4 ,:5 a native is at food he %>es x ) ^? ar\nd him1 inde$ he goes on divid+ till he has only a m\?ful left = himself4 ,etiquette does n b9d u to p>take ( _! food1 b x is a sign ( fri5d%ip to d s z f> z possible4 ,! natives h no spoons1 & ,engli%m5 w\ld burn _! f+]s sev]ely 9 eat+ porridge 9 ! fa%ionable mann]4 ,f4--,,"w4 ,! natives g to "w at sunrise1 & cont9ue until ! sun is ov]head4 ,aft] ?is _! day's "w is f9i%$1 & !y p>take ( _! fir/ meal4 ,"o reason :y ! morn+ meal is s late is t x w\ld be difficult to h x ready be=e ! p g out to "w4 ,9 ! aft]noon ! m5 sit d[n & conv]se4 ,"s d light "w1 z sew+1 b a great _m rema9 q idle4 ,! wom5 w be f\nd p\nd+ maize4 ,!y are ne>ly z /rong & tall z ! m51 p]haps ow+ to ! heavy "w !y d4 ,by sunset ! second meal is ready4 ,!y h little notion ( ! division ( lab\r4 ,natives h n arriv$ at su* a pit* ( education t "o ( !m w\ld sp5d 8 days 9 mak+ ! six? "p ( a p94 ,! little girls f _! e>lie/ ye>s are initiat$ into all p>ts ( ! my/]ies ( hoe+1 reap+1 mill+1 & cook+4 ,! m5 are equally ignorant ( ! advantages & disadvantages ( division ( lab\r4 ,ea* man builds 8 own h\se1 & makes 8 own furniture4 ,! only trade t c ma9ta9 a special exi/5ce is work+ 9 iron--a trade embrac+ m9+1 smelt+1 & =g+4 ,ev5 9 ?is case mo/ natives "k ! secrets ( ! trade2 b to be specially successful !y ne$ to obta9 a *>m4 ,agricultural "w is ! great means ( a livelihood4 ,x yields a great return1 = e se$ ! natives s[ !y expect to reap hundr$s4 ,a little be=e ! ra9s !y beg9 to hoe _! gr\nd4 ,!y fir/ cle> all ! trees & wood1 :i* !y collect 9 heaps & burn on ! spot4 ,!y use no o!r manure4 ,:5 !y d "w = ! ,engli% !y say !y hoe v sl[ly1 because !y are told to hoe deep2 b :5 !y hoe _! own l& !y hoe fa/1 z a scrat* on ! surface is consid]$ suffici5t4 ,:5 ! ra9s come !y plant4 ,aft] ! maize gr[s !y set up ! soil r\nd ! /ems z f>m]s d ) potatoes4 ,ea* h\se has g5]ally :at we might call a g>d52 b ! natives h no fancy = fl[]s4 ,! wild fl[]s 9 ! wood !y recognise z be+ v pretty2 b !y laugh at any "o t plucks !m4 ,!y fancy t a lov] ( fl[]s culls !m = "s *>ms4 ,! natives h no ^w = a g>d5 z di/9ct f a cultivat$ field or f>m1 b !y h (t5 r\nd _! h\ses little b$s ( tobacco1 great quantities ( manioc1 & sev]al o!r useful plants4 ,indian hemp is also mu* cultivat$1 & is ne>ly z bad z opium4 ,ne> ,maz>o opium is cultivat$ by a ,portuguese ,company4 ,f4--,,races ,,& ,,*iefs4 ,z we pass out ( ,portuguese t]ritory we f9d ourselves 9 ! c\ntry ( a *ief call$ ,matek5ya1 on ! ,l[] ,%ire 7,*iri74 ,8 p are ! ,a*ikunda4 ,:5 we rea* ! ,ruwo or ,ruo we are p]haps ab\t two days f ,blantyre by l&4 ,"h we come to :at are call$ ! ,magololo1 ^: p>am\nt *ief is ,makukani1 al?\gh _m ( ! o!rs1 z ,katunga & ,*iputula1 seem to view !mselves z indep5d5t ( him4 ,/ill !y say t if he comm&s !y mu/ all foll[ him to w>4 ,^! m5 ?\gh ali5s1 h e/abli%$ !mselves z rul]s ov] ! ,anyasa4 ,!re is no ,magololo tribe "h4 ,pass+ ?r\gh ^! ,anyasa we asc5d to ,blantyre1 :]e we f9d ourselves ) a *ief call$ ,kap5i1 :o rules ano!r tribe call$ ! ,wayao 7,yao71 ) :om we are be/ acqua9t$4 ,!n ab\t ,zomba1 :i* is o!r two days f>!r on1 we enc\nt] ! ,ma*+a1 :o speak practically ! same language z ! ,wayao1 & ?is language c>ries u f> beyond4 ,sev]al great *iefs on ! ea/ side ( ,lake ,nyassa are ,ma*+a4 ,aga91 :5 we /& on ! s\? side ( ,m\nt ,zomba & look ov] ,lake ,*irwa#c 7,%irwa7 t[>ds ! ris+ sun we see m\nta9s t are peopl$ by ! ,angulu 7or ,walolo74 ,! tradition is t ! ,anyasa fir/ inhabit$ ! l& ev]y:]e ab\t ,zomba2 b t ! ,angulu1 :o liv$ at "o "t on ! o!r side ( ! riv] ,luj5da1 began to fight ! ,ma*+a4 ,! ,ma*+a !n w5t & enc\nt]$ ! ,wayao1 :o1 9 turn1 press$ on & drove f _! home at ,zomba ! ,anyasa tribe1 _m ( :om n[ live "u ! ,magololo on ! ,l[] ,%ire#c 7,*iri71 i4e41 ! ,%ire bel[ ! cat>acts4 ,! ,anyasa are also call$ ,anyanja1 bo? words 9 diff]5t languages ( ! di/rict mean riv]- or lake-p4 ,! ^w ,wayao 7or ,a*awa7 sugge/s a d]ivation f ! p]sonal pron\n4 ,yao regul>ly means 8_!0 7ipanje yao means _! prop]ty74 ,s ! ,awa ( ,a*awa is id5tical ) ! p]sonal pron\n4 ,i am incl9$ to int]pret ! "n z 8,! p t hold _! own60 until ,i f9d some?+ m satisfactory4 ,! ,ma*+a are really ! same tribe1 & are call$ ! 8fight+ bran* ( ! ,yao04 ,! d]ivation ( _! "n is 9 h>mony ) ?is view4 ,x is in/ructive to note ! descriptions t ^! tribes give ( o!r tribes t live at a di/ance1 & are b>ely kn[n to !m4 ,i _h he>d su* /range p>ticul>s ab\t ! ,makua t ,i ?\ght !y mu/ be a peculi> p2 n[ s !y are1 b only j z ! ,wayao are peculi>4 ,x 0 ! old /ory2 e race consid]s itself p]fection1 & po9ts to a mote 9 ! eye ( a bro!r race4 ,! language ( ! ,makua is q simil> to ,ma*+a4 ,i travell$ to ,london ) a ,makua ) :om ,i _h little difficulty 9 conv]s+4 ,!re are two great ,wayao *iefs 9 ! di/rict ( ,blantyre1 :o are call$ ,kap5i & ,kumpama1 & ^: head qu>t]s are at ,m\nts ,so*i & ,*]asulo respectively4 ,^! are ! two l>ge t]ritorial *iefs4 ,mk&a ( ,*]asulo1 0 at fir/ a headman ( ,kumpama's1 b rebell$1 & lives on ! s\!rn side ( t m\nta92 an easy day's m>* f ,blantyre4 ,kumpama's t]ritory beg9s ab\t six miles f ,blantyre at a /ream call$ ! ,luunsu1 & ext5ds to ! ,namasi1 on :i* is ! old site ( ! ,magom]o ,mission4 ,! next great c5tre ( population z we m>* to ! nor?-ea/ is ,zomba1 "o side ( :i* is own$ by ,*emlumbe1 a ,yao *ief4 ,! o!r side belongs to ,malemya1 a m p[]ful man1 :o is a ,ma*+a4 ,a little way beyond !re is ,m\nt ,*ikala1 :]e a /ill m p[]ful *ief call$ ,kaw+a resides2 he is also a ,ma*+a4 ,if we look t[>ds ! s\? f ,zomba we see a great m\nta91 ,mlanje1 ?is m>ks ! doma9 ( ,matapwiri4 ,:5 we wi% 9 ,quilimane to ask = a man :o speaks ,*iyao or ,ma*+a1 we ask = a p]son f ,matapwiri's c\ntry4 ,!re a ,matapwiri is us$ = a simpleton--"o t has n se5 ! _w4 ,x is ) ?is *ief t ! ,yao ( ! coa/ are mo/ associat$1 z ! slave gangs = ,quilimane us$ to set out f 8 village4 ,g4--,,travell+ ,,& ,,salutations4 ,native ,roads4 ,! native roads are nev] /raight2 at be/ !y glide along by an easy succession ( curves4 ,sometimes ! am\nt ( curvature is v annoy+4 ,! pa? is little m ?an a foot broad4 ,ea* side is cov]$ ) tall grass1 :i* rea*es ov] ! travell]'s head4 ,y c only see f\r or five paces 9 front1 & y c nev] pr$ict :at c\rse ! pa? w take aft] t4 ,! causes ( curvature are num]\s4 ,"h a tree fell d[n long ago & lay across ! pa?4 ,:ile x /ill lay e travell] w5t r\nd ! end ( x1 & ! orig9al pa? 0 ab&on$1 & replac$ by grass t no travell] w c>e to int]f]e )4 ,at ano!r place ! pa? turn$ aside to g ?r\gh a little village2 b ! village has pass$ away ye>s ago4 ,at ano!r spot "s "o _h ho$ a field1 & made ! road g r\nd its bord]4 ,!re are cases too :]e ! pa? may h deviat$ to avoid m>%es & difficult cross+s4 ,on _m roads we lose "o mile 9 e five4 ,aft] ! grass is burn$1 or 9 bad soil :]e v little grass gr[s1 "o may h ! pleasure ( go+ 9 a /raight l9e2 b :]e ! grass is at all repres5t$ no "o c pass ?r\gh x )\t ! greate/ ex]tion4 ,if a p]son leave a native pa? ) ! idea ( tak+ a %ort cut1 he may get into a tangle ( long grass & bu%es1 :]e 8 progress w be n m ?an "o mile 9 f\r h\rs4 ,grass ,fires4 ,"o ( ! be/ sights 9 ,africa is a l>ge grass fire4 ,no fireworks 9 ,brita9 c = a mom5t comp>e ) ?is4 ,broad pla9s w keep burn+ = weeks4 ,at ! mission on ! side ( ,m\nt ,zomba1 :i* ov]look$ a pla9 ( sev]al days' j\rney1 ! sight ( ^! fires 0 v impressive4 ,! trees 9 ! c\ntry suff] mu*4 ,salutations4 ,! natives 9 salut+ ea* o!r say 8moni0--a corruption ( ! ,engli% 8morn+04 ,s g5]al did ?is ^w become t we h he>d p incl9$ to fancy t !re mu/ really be a native ^w 8moni60 ,! native salutation is 8mugonile80 8,h y slept well80 ,sometimes fri5ds w ask ea* o!r 8,are y well80 8,is all well at y\r home80 ,a p>ty arriv+ at a village obs]ves ! greate/ =mality4 ,aft] gett+ an introduction to ! *ief ( ! village he beg9s to expla9 ! object ( 8 visit4 ,! explanation is g5]ally mo/ t$i\s--x seems to g f ! creation d[nw>ds--e /ep be+ c>efully trac$1 :e!r 9 action or 9 motive1 till ! mom5t ( ! arrival6 ,! natives h ! greate/ respect = ! old] p4 ,! title ( fa!r is giv5 to su*4 ,if we ask any?+ ( a y\ng] man ab\t #cj ye>s ( age he w say 8,i am only a *ild2 ask ! old m5 ( gray hairs04 ,all ! ,engli% are salut$ z fa!r2 ev5 a :ite *ild ( a few mon?s is salut$ 9 ! words1 8moni1 moni1 atati60 7morn+1 morn+1 fa!r74 ,! ,inf]ior ,position ( ,wom54 ,! wom5 hold an inf]ior position4 ,!y are view$ z bea/s ( burd51 :i* d all ! h>d] "w4 ,:5 a woman meets any m5 on ! pa? ! etiquette is = h] to g (f ! pa?1 to kneel 7t9diwala71 & clap h] h&s to ! 8lords ( creation0 z !y pass4 ,ev5 if a female possess male slaves ( h] own %e obs]ves ?is cu/om :5 %e meets !m on ! public highway4 ,a woman always kneels :5 %e has occasion to talk to a man4 ,! cu/om v rapidly disappe>$ 9 ! region ( ! mission>ies4 ,:5 we saw a woman g out ( h] way1 c>ry+ p]haps half a hundr$-weight on h] head1 ) ! int5tion ( kneel+ d[n1 & reflect+1 z %e mu/1 t ) h] load %e might h difficulty 9 gett+ up1 we h (t5 playfully %\t$ out1 8,y are los+ y\r way2 ?is is ! pa?10 & %e took x = grant$ t %e might disp5se ) ! clumsy c]emony4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,native ,,arts ,,& ,,lit]ature4 ,h4--,,trades ,,& ,,manufactures4 ,! *ief me?od ( obta9+ a livelihood is by cultivat+ ! soil4 ,ne> a lake ab\nd+ ) fi%es1 ! cultivation ( ! soil1 ?\gh n ab&on$1 may take a second>y place4 ,9 di/ricts ab\nd+ ) game1 ! m5 z a rule h& ov] all agricultural "w to _! wives & slaves4 ,fi%+ & hunt+ are look$ on z be+ m dignifi$ occupations ?an hoe+4 ,"w 9 ,iron4 ,skill$ lab\r is exemplifi$ *iefly 9 _! blacksmi?s4 ,/ill ! smi? does n live s exclusively by 8 trade t he c neglect 8 f>m1 & 9 8 op]ations he has sometimes s _m assi/ants t 8 peculi> position is compromis$4 ,iron is f\nd 9 _m places4 ,x is dug up & br\ght to a furnace or small kiln 7ng'aso7 made ( clay4 ,a *>coal fire is kept blaz+ by means ( clay pipes or holl[ bamboos1 :i* communicate ) ! bottom ( ! kiln1 & are us$ z ! pipes ( a bell[s4 ,= a bell[s !y use a goat's sk94 ,( iron !y make hoes1 spe>s1 arr[-heads1 knives1 c4 ,_! hoes h no iron r+ = fix+ a h&le4 ,a hole is bor$ by means ( a heat$ iron 7!re are no drills7 9 ! h&le1 & ! end ( ! hoe is ins]t$4 ,:5 a man wants a pocket h&k]*ief1 x is to ! blacksmi? t he mu/ g4 ,! pocket h&k]*ief is made ( iron & %ap$ some:at l a spoon4 ,! po9t ( x is turn$ up s z to ent] ! no/ril1 & z ! native has no pockets1 x is hung r\nd ! neck4 ,wood-"w & ,basket-"w4 ,! work]-9-wood has h>dly a di/9ct trade4 ,ne>ly e man does 8 own wood-"w4 ,!y make mort>s by holl[+ out "p ( ! trunk ( a tree ) a b5t axe4 ,! "w takes ab\t f\r days4 ,drums are made 9 ! same way--_! ends are cov]$ ) py?on sk9s4 ,c]ta9 drums are beat5 on ! brea/2 ! l>g] are n lift$ f ! gr\nd4 ,we h he>d ! s\nd ( "s ( ^? at five miles' di/ance4 ,*airs 9 imitation ( animals are cut out ( ! trunk ( a tree2 b ! legs are easily brok51 z !y run at "r angles to ! cleavage ( ! timb]4 ,simil>ly !y make l>ge birds1 wood5 pill[s1 & plates4 ,_m ?+s are made ( bamboos 7milasi7 & re$s 7matete74 ,! tribes on ! hills ?us make b$s & baskets 9 endless v>iety4 ,! b$s are n clumsy4 ,"o c easily 8take !m up & walk04 ,!y are mats made ( ?9 slips ( bamboo1 :i* are sewn toge!r by a bamboo ne$le4 ,!y rem9d u ( a ,v5etian bl9d1 only ! slips lie side by side )\t ov]lapp+4 ,!y c be fold$ up 9 ! =m ( a cyl9d] & e>n$ conv5i5tly "u ! arm 7b ! native c>ries 8 loads on 8 head74 ,! bord]s ( _! baskets are ?9 broad pieces ( wood1 :i* are b5t into a circul> =m1 & sometimes curi\sly c>v$4 ,a simil> ornam5tal device1 simpl] 9 patt]n1 is se5 on _! clay pots4 ,good hats are made ( ! mlasa4 ,b>k ,clo?1 c4 ,!y g & /rip a tree ( its b>k1 :i* !y s(t5 9 wat]1 & beat ) an ebony hamm] till x =ms a clo?4 ,?is 0 ! ord9>y clo?+ ( ! p be=e ! missions4 ,n[ x is worn above o!r clo!s on a ra9y day4 ,x v soon te>s4 ,! "w is v t$i\s1 mu* beat+ be+ requir$4 ,"o he>s ! s\nd ( ! hamm] long be=e he comes to ! spot4 ,! piece ( b>k is laid on a l>ge log2 aft] be+ well hamm]$1 x becomes q ?94 ,! clo? ?us =m$ is mu* wid] ?an ! orig9al piece ( b>k _h be54 ,cotton gr[s pl5tifully4 ,all ! natives c make ?read ( x4 ,"o ( _! mo/ t$i\s occupations is to make clo?4 ,!y d ?is 9 a v rude mann]1 & only make small /rips at a "t4 ,ea* ?read has to be put sep>ately 9 its place by ! h&4 ,v few natives h c\rage = ?is t$i\s manipulation2 b ! clo? :5 made is /rong & highly e/eem$2 x resembles ba? t[els4 ,!y dye ! ,engli% calico t x may la/ long]1 b !y pres]ve gaudy dresses )\t dye+4 ,a root is us$ = soap :]e ! ,european article _c be got4 ,_! pots are all made ( clay by ! wom54 ,"s ( _! clay vessels are a beautiful r$4 ,9 _! cook+ !y use no metals2 ,engli% pots & pans speak to !m ( arts t are f> beyond !m4 ,_! food is boil$ 9 a clay pot1 :i* is propp$ up on ?ree /ones4 ,ano!r pot is turn$ d[n to s]ve = a lid4 ,m5 ( consid]able skill are call$ alupa or apalu1 & are believ$ to h /rong m$ic9e or *>ms4 ,if any "o 7 to describe our ,engli% indu/ries1 he c\ld n dispose ( ! subject 9 a %ort p>agraph4 ,b 9 ,africa ^! indu/ries d n /rike u s mu*4 ,!y are n su* a l>ge item 9 human life4 ,we see none ( ! work+ at high pressure t meets u ev]y:]e at home4 ,!re are no cr[ds ( pale-fac$ m5 & girls ru%+ along almo/ me*anically 9 response to "s factory bell4 ,!re are no poor cl]ks coop$ up 9 d+y c\nt+-h\ses--no /ud5ts ) a*+ heads1 try+ to disp5se ) sleep4 ,!re are no c>eworn p>5ts ^: h>d toil b>ely supports _! *ildr54 ,! ,african has ab\t him an air ( /illness & repose t is 9 beautiful h>mony ) ! sc5]y ar\nd4 ,8 life is n a /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,he does n c>e to "w aga9/ "t4 ,ambition does n drag him beh9d its *>iot :eels4 ,if we 7 to rank ! ,africans 9 classes1 we %\ld put d[n mo/ ( !m z 8g5tlem5 9 easy circum/ances04 ,_! circum/ances are easy n because _! gratifications are _m1 b because _! wants are few4 ,! way 9 :i* _! indu/ries come be=e our notice is l ?is4 ,we take a walk 9 ! c\ntry4 ,by ! side ( "s brook we f9d a man or two digg+ = iron ore4 ,!y are surr\nd$ by companions ) :om !y keep up a *e]ful conv]sation4 ,"s are ready to assi/ 9 c>ry+ ! ore to ! furnace4 ,!y c>ry clay also1 :i* is to be pla/]$ on _! kiln4 ,h[ are ^! loads to be transport$8 ,!re are no c>ts1 no :eelb>r[s1 & no roads suitable = ei!r4 ,nei!r h !y any boxes or baskets4 ,:at are !y to d8 ,"o lad d>ts into ! bu% & cuts a bundle ( w&s2 he !n takes 8 knife & splits ea* w& 7if he be n cont5t to use x :ole71 & !re1 he says1 is 8 basket4 ,! :ite man replies1 8,yes2 ^! w&s might make a basket if y _h any?+ to tie !m toge!r04 ,imm$iately ! y\? te>s (f /rips ( b>k1 & exclaims1 8,"h's ! black man's rope10 & soon ! load is ti$ up 9 ! middle ( 8 basket4 ,z we pass along ! /ream we f9d indications ( agricultural "w also1 b on ^! we d n dwell1 z x is ! m special trades we wi% to illu/rate4 ,already we see wom5 wa%+ _! gra9 at ! /ream = we are advanc+ on little hamlets4 ,n[ we he> ! peculi> tap1 tap1 tap ( ! hamm] on ! b>k-clo?1 z x m+les ) ! notes ( ! birds4 ,"u ! trees we c descry a gr\p ( m5 splitt+ up bamboos & smoo?+ ! slips to =m a b$4 ,9 a %ad$ v]&ah we f9d an old woman or two m\ld+ "s s(t clay4 ,x looks a %apeless mass1 b x is 89 ! h&s ( ! pott]04 ,ea* work] has f\nd "s o*re1 = %e is fond ( ornam5tal t9ts4 ,a pot%]d is by h]1 & %e has calculat$ ! precise =m %e w give h] vessel4 ,illu/ration3 ,,native ,,pipes ,,& ,,pott]y4 ,soon we rea* ! village gre54 ,"h we f9d a numb] ( m5 sitt+ do+ no?+4 ,x may be t "o is sew+ a clo?1 :ile ! o!rs loll ^u mats & dreamily wat* 8 h&s4 ,an ard5t y\? may approa* ! gr\p & a/oni% u by tak+ f "u 8 lo9 clo? a reel & "s cotton1 :i* he proce$s to make into ?read4 ,!re are 9 t d>k gr\p all ! elem5ts ( human nature t we f9d 9 busi] l&s4 ,b 9 ,african life !re is no?+ ( ! bu/le & hurry & scramble1 no?+ ( ! c>e & worry1 ! heada*e & he>ta*e1 t are f\nd 9 ,engl&4 ,we _c leave ! gr\p )\t ask+ ourselves1 8,:at has all our boa/$ civilisation done80 ,are we any happi] ?an ^! rude natives8 ,we %all see by & by t !y are n exempt f h>d%ip & injury4 ,_! valleys & m\nta9s witness _m a sorr[ful sc5e4 ,b aft] we h plac$ a policeman 9 e corn]1 h>d%ip & injury are /ill 9 our mid/4 ,does x n seem z if !re 7 "s bankruptcy ab\t human nature8 ,= a hundr$ g5]ations we h tri$ all mann] ( exp]im5ts ) ,gov]nm5ts & ,in/itutions4 ,we h mov$ !m backw>ds & =w>ds l pieces on a draught bo>d4 ,9 all ?is h we n be5 prov+ our bankruptcy8 ,we h be5 dilig5tly try+ ! mo/ improv$ me?ods ( book-keep+1 b ! result has only be5 to *ase ! deficit out ( "o column into ano!r4 ,! deficit is /ill !re6 ,yes4 ,b above ! cl\ds & /orms we h ! blue vault ( heav54 ,! pale factory girl1 ! ov] wr\ght me*anic1 ! anxi\s /ud5t may all h a peace t passe? und]/&+4 ,z ! mission>y is surr\nd$ by ! hea!n1 he feels t 8 message to !m has n s mu* to d ) civilisation4 ,!y are n dispos$ to tr\ble ab\t me*anical improvem5ts 9 _! unsettl$ l&2 b 9 _! unsettl$ l& !y are arre/$ by an expression l 8,fe> n !m t kill ! body1 & aft] t h no?+ t !y c d04 ,/>tl+ words to ^? t pass _! days 9 fe> ( !m t kill ! body6 ,^! are surely :isp]s f "s o!r _w6 ,^? d>k figures h (t5 gaz$ ^u 8! heav5s above & ! e>? b5ea?0 )\t mak+ mu* ( ! va/ my/]y4 ,!y are likely to make m ( ! ,scripture message4 ,"o ( ! olde/ w turn on 8 mat & quietly rem>k1 8,fa!r1 if y are speak+ ! tru?1 we are all liv+ 9 d>kness04 ,i4--,,! ,,le>n$ ,,pr(essions4 ,:at corresponds among ! ,africans to ! cl]gym51 doctors1 & lawy]s ( mod]n ,engl&8 ,x w be f\nd t 9 ,africa ^! pr(essions are n di/9ct1 j z 9 ,m$ival ,engl& ! monks did all ! tea*+1 heal+1 & advis+4 ,) ref]5ce to wor%ip we %all f9d t ! *ief ( ! c\ntry & ! *ief ( a village take prom95t places4 ,! ,physician4 ,! heal+ art is practis$ mo/ purely by ! ,ms+'anga4 ,"s ( ! me?ods are ^!3--,cupp+ by means ( a horn1 ^: end is /opp$ by bees wax4 ,! blood t fills ! horn is ?r[n to ! gr\nd1 & ! disease falls ) x4 ,c\nt]-irritation4--,sometimes ! physician w be cont5t by mak+ a numb] ( incisions *iefly along ! legs2 on o!r occasions he w rub 9 vegetable a%es4 ,adm9i/ration ( m$ic9e1 :i* consi/s *iefly ( plants & _! roots2 ! ,yao ^w = m$ic9e means also a tree4 ,! natives extract arr[s by cutt+ all r\nd ! w\nd4 ,!y nev] amputate 9 ord] to heal1 b !y are able to cut (f limbs v neatly1 & are fond ( practis+ ! art on crim9als & enemies4 ,b a great "p ( ! treatm5t is by *>ms4 ,ev5 :]e ! native kn[s a good cure he looks on x z a *>m1 & 8 use ( x is accompani$ by mu* s5seless mumm]y4 ,?is w be und]/ood :5 we rememb] t diseases are suppos$ to be caus$ by wit*craft4 ,! ,sorc]]4 ,?is br+s u to speak ( a m t]rible memb] ( ! le>n$ pr(essions1 viz41 ! sorc]]1 div9]1 or wit*-doctor 7m*isango74 ,! 8cup :]e) he div9e?0 is call$ *isango4 ,he is appeal$ to aft] ! physician or h]bali/ has fail$4 ,he is ask$ to tell :at wit* causes ! disease4 ,he may f9d "o1 & ! p]son t he accuses ( wit*craft goes ) a pres5t to ! sick p]son1 :o recov]s imm$iately4 ,! div9] may be consult$ on any matt]4 ,he is ! great advis] ( ! p 9 all _! difficulties4 ,a p]son goes to him1 & puts z _m que/ions z he likes1 & receives answ]s4 ,^! conv]sations are v int]e/+2 b all t ,i h he>d are s v intricate t x is impossible to d ju/ice to !m 9 an abridgm5t4 8,my female slave has gone away1 :at am ,i to d80 ,! div9] tells :at he is to d if %e h gone to ,*]asulo1 & :at he is to d if %e h gone to ano!r place4 ,he m5tions :at w happ5 if he goes to ask = h] accord+ to ! individual t he may ask1 c41 c4 ,"p ( ! advice may h ref]5ce to ! spot :]e he w obta9 a m$ic9e helpful 9 8 negotiations4 ,:ile ^! div9]s give _! response !y %ake a small g\rd#d fill$ ) pebbles1 & inspect pieces ( /icks1 bones1 claws1 pott]y1 c41 :i* are 9 ano!r g\rd4 ,!y (t5 give s\nd advice1 & !y pret5d to get x by ?is inspection1 z x might o!rwise give (f5ce to _! cli5t4 ,"s ( ! div9]s are ! mo/ intellig5t m5 9 ! c\ntry4 ,!y claim high fees4 ,"o "t we told a div9] v c&idly our op9ion ( 8 art1 insi/+ t 8 advice 0 s\nd1 & des]v$ to be paid =1 b t he knew z well z ,i t x did n come f ! )]$-look+ cont5ts ( ! g\rd1 b f 8 own judgm5t4 ,! man took no (f5ce1 & ?\gh he liv$ at "s di/ance he made a po9t ( com+ !reaft] to our ,sabba? meet+s4 ,^! m5 are ! great ag5ts 9 detect+ & try+ wit*craft4 ,9 "o respect !y1 & n ! *iefs1 =m ! judicial tribunals ( ! l&1 al?\gh !y play into ! h&s ( ! *iefs or any ri* man t pays h&somely4 ,aft] !y h detect$ a crim9al he mu/ be tri$4 ,! trial takes place by ! dr9k+ ( ! poison$ cup--mwai4 ,consequ5tly ! div9] _h bett] be on good t]ms ) ! pr(essional 8p\nd] ( poison0 7mpondela mwai71 ^: duty x is to adm9i/] ?is poison$ draught to ! accus$4 ,?is1 9 case ( guilt1 at once convicts & puni%es1 ! poison causes dea?4 ,9 case ( innoc5ce ! poison is vomit$1 & ! accus$ is acquitt$4 ,! wit*-detective is at ! head ( ! div9+ pr(ession1 & is ref]r$ to 9 almo/ e case ( dea?1 & sometimes 9 small] cases1 z :]e life 0 9 dang] 7#ajg74 ,k4--,,m$ic9es ,,& ,,*>ms4 ,a great _m trees are suppos$ to h virtues4 ,ea* native kn[s ?is1 & becomes to "s ext5t 8 own doctor4 ,pa9 9 ! /oma* is treat$ by ! b>k ( ! mbawa2 heada*e by rubb+ ext]nally ) a%es ( ! msolo1 z also by c]ta9 *>ms put r\nd ! temples4 ,! fir/ ?+ a native does 9 heada*e is to tie a /r+ tightly r\nd 8 br[4 ,! symptom ( cold & %iv]+ is treat$ by ba?+ 9 8wat] ( ! mkako04 ,= ulc]s !y use ! mlonde4 ,ulc]at$ legs is "o ( ! commone/ maladies t attack *ildr54 ,= a "t ,engli% treatm5t ( ^! 0 br\ght into discr$it1 z ! *ildr5 w\ld c>elessly te> (f ! dress+s & b&ages4 ,"o native treatm5t 0 to tie on a broad leaf by /rips ( b>k 7:i* s]ves z _! ?read71 & leave x till ! sore _h improv$4 ,a common w> m$ic9e is to eat ! he>t ( an enemy4 ,m$ic9e to keep ! hunt] f dang] & to r5d] him successful is mu* priz$4 ,elephant m$ic9e !y buy f ea* o!r at ! highe/ prices !y c af=d4 ,!y h _m miscellane\s *>ms--"s ti$ ab\t _! bodies1 o!rs on _! guns4 ,!y h a v effectual arr[ poison4 ,"o "t a leop>d 0 kill$ by /ry*nia4 ,a *ief & 8 ,prime ,m9i/] came to ,zomba ,mission v secretly to beg = ?is 8m$ic9e02 x 0 to be spr9kl$ into ! mort>s :]e ! fl\r ( _! enemies 0 p\nd$4 ,! exp]im5t 0 tru/$ to by its promot]s z likely to be v successful1 a po9t :i* 0 n at all d\btful4 ,great 0 ! disappo9tm5t :5 ! poison 0 refus$4 ,! goats belong+ to ! ,mission seem$ to get on v well1 & ,mr4 ,bu*anan 0 beset ) _m entreaties = a m$ic9e to increase ! goats ( ! neighb\r+ *iefs4 ,:5 a f[l hat*es1 ! egg %ells t h be5 =sak5 by ! "y brood are c>efully collect$ & hung up 9 ! h\se ( _! own] to pres]ve ! *ick5s f hawks & o!r dang]s4 ,aft] !y h plant$ _! crops1 ! field is (t5 protect$ aga9/ !ft by *>ms :i* !y buy4 ,pieces ( /r+1 ei!r twi/$ f native cotton or made ( ! b>k ( a tree1 are ?us us$4 ,on "o occasion ,dr4 ,mackl9 0 call$ to prescribe = a woman4 ,he ask$ to see h] tongue4 ,8 quick obs]vation detect$ at ! same "t signs ( excitem5t & temp] ab\t h]1 & he advis$ h] to try to be agreeable ) h] husb& & fri5ds4 ,x appe>s ! woman 0 a great scold2 & ! natives 7 a/oni%$ to f9d t ! ,doctor c\ld discov] ?is by look+ at h] tongue6 ,t he _h a great 8*>m0 0 beyond all d\bt4 ,l4--,,traditional ,,lit]ature4 ,^! p h1 ( c\rse1 no writ+4 ,we met ) _m t _h nev] se5 a book be=e4 ,! sight ( pictures impress$ !m s mu* t _! fir/ impulse 0 to run away suppos+ t ! little pa9t$ lion or leop>d 0 dang]\s4 ,by & by "s "o 9 ! cr[d discov]s t ?is lion is q ?96 ,he has look$ at ! back ( ! pap] & f\nd t ! body ( ! lion is n !re6 ,"s ( ! bolde/1 aft] we assure !m ( safety1 w ev5 put _! h&s ^u him4 ,! attitude ( old & "y is "o ( utt]1 spee*less amazem5t4 ,b ^! p are ri* 9 a traditional lit]ature4 ,x meets u 9 at lea/ f\r di/9ct =ms4 #a4 ,ndawi or conundrums4 ,"s ( !m are q %ort1 z 8! h\se )\t a door10 = an egg4 ,an incr$ible numb] ( ^! is 9 common circulation1 & kn[n to mo/ boys & girls4 ,i not$ d[n ov] #aej ( !m4 ,!re are o!r conundrums 9 ! =m ( a little /ory4 #b4 ,ndano1 or tales4 ,^! are also call$ ndawi1 because _m ( !m resemble ! conundrums 9 hav+ a d\ble mean+4 ,"s ( ^!1 we might almo/ say mo/ ( ^!1 :5 complete h songs 9 !m1 :i* are repeat$ e n[ & !n at ea* crisis 9 ! tale4 ,!y are (t5 recit$ 9 ?is =m on public occasions4 ,i got "o old man t 0 z en?usia/ic 9 8 recitals z ! old ,hom]ids are said to h be54 ,:5 ,i 0 writ+ to 8 dictation my private /udy became a small !atre4 ,9 va9 ,i rem9d$ him t ! nurs]y 0 ne>6 ,8 voice 0 audible 9 ! outside1 scores ( y>ds f ! h\se4 ,s*ool *ildr5 /opp$ _! games1 & came giggl+ ab\t1 & demure old natives w\ld turn (f ! public highway & advance 9 amazem5t4 ,yet ev5 s my old man 0 n satisfi$--8 en?usiasm1 he ?\ght1 fell %ort ( ! occasion1 & he introduc$ two "y wom5 to s+ responses to ! *ants4 ,! natives d n speak ( 8tell+ a tale10 b ( 8s++ a tale0 7kwimba ndawi74 #c4 ,nyimbo or ,songs4 ,^! may be extemporis$--music1 responses & all1 on ! %orte/ notice4 ,b !re is a great collection ( old songs1 _m ( :i* c be id5tifi$ z be+ ! songs ( sev]al tales 7,l4 #b71 ev5 :]e !y are us$ indep5d5tly4 ,inde$ ! s+]s c\ld seldom po9t to ! correspond+ tale2 x 0 only :5 we happ5$ to "k ! tale be=e t we c\ld claim ! song = x4 ,/ill _m songs we believe to be q indep5d5t4 ,! music is a simple *ant4 ,^? t are n recit+ jo9 9 responses4 ,! language ( ! songs is m difficult ?an t ( ! tales1 & /ill m difficult is ! language ( ! cat*-^w lit]ature 7,l4 #d74 ,_m ( _! songs aim at be+ an e*o ( tuneful nature ar\nd !m4 ,"o beautiful *ant imitates a little brook z x goes murmur+ d[n its /ony *annel4 ,! s+]s int5tionally r5d] ?is song 9 a subdu$ voice4 ,i c\ld n f9d any correspond+ tale4 ,x calls up to my m9d ! idea ( a "m sitt+ ) a few *ildr5 on ! bank 7*iko7 ( a small /ream z %e has f9i%$ h] hoe+1 & re/s = a m9ute be=e go+ home4 ,%e w>ns ! *ildr5 aga9/ ! ,likwanya or prickly bu% t gr[s by ! /ream4 ,?is /ra9 sung s s(tly has a soo?+ effect1 & might well make ! *ildr5 sit d[n on ! bank1 engross$ ) ! s\nd ( ! rippl+ /ream imitat$ 9 ! music4 ,sung 9 a company ( little girls x is r5d]$ ?us-- #a/ ,voice4 ,likwanya likunyanya ku *iko4 ,response4 ,anyanyale4 #a/ ,voice4 s++ ,likwanya likunyanya ku *iko4 #bnd ,voice4 simultane\sly4 ,anya-nya-nya-le e4 #a/ ,voice4 simultane\s4 ,anya-nya-nya-le e4 #bnd ,voice4 ,likunyanya ku *iko4 #a/ ,voice4 simultane\s4 ,likunyanya ku *iko4 #bnd ,voice4 ,anya-nya-nya-le e4 ,response4 ,anyanyale4 ,aft] ?is ! girls t h sung ! p>ts m>k$ #a/ voice & #bnd voice fall back on ! response2 & a #crd & #d? voice take ^! p>ts4 ,all ! voices t are n recit+ jo9 9 ! response4 ,ano!r song has ref]5ce to a l>ge bird1 ! ndututu4 ,"o voice design$ly imitates its notes z x conv]ses ) a few wom52 :ile ano!r voice imitates z di/9ctly ! p\nd+ ( corn 9 :i* ^! wom5 are engag$4 #d4 ,! f\r? =m ( _! lit]ature is 9 c]ta9 cat*-^w compositions 7*itagu71 :i* h d\ble mean+s4 ,! foll[+ is a specim5 :5 !re are two speak]s or recit]s3-- ,,! ,,fir/ ,,says4 ,,! ,,second ,,says4 ,nda4 ,nda kuluma4 ,kuluma4 ,kuluma mbale4 ,mbale4 ,mbale katete4 ,katete4 ,katete ngupe4 ,ngupe4 ,ngupe akane4 ,kane4 ,kane akongwe4 ,kongwe4 ,akongole *imanga4 ,*imanga4 ,*imanje ma*olo4 ,ma*olo4 ,ga*ole w&u4 ,long tales are c>ri$ on 9 ?is way4 ,"o effect s\ght aft] is to br+ toge!r words simil> 9 =m1 b diff]+ 9 mean+1 z if we 7 to cat* up ! la/ ^w ( our s5t5ces ?us3-- ,come =w>d1 %ew ?yself6 ,elf do/ ?\ call me1 vile pret5d]8 ,9 ?is =m ( lit]ature we meet ) plays ^u words--an unusual ph5om5on 9 unwritt5 languages4 ,9 ! conundrums prop] 7,l4 #a7 we met ) only "o case ( a play on words4 ,we are ask$1 8,:at is ! girl t decks h]self80 ,! ^w = 8deck0 happ5s also to mean 8%9e10 & ! answ] is 8! moon04 ,hav+ n[ spok5 ( ! =ms 9 :i* ?is lit]ature has be5 h&$ d[n we %all say some?+ ( its matt] or cont5ts4 ,a great "p ( x consi/s ( fables reg>d+ ! l[] animals :]e ! *>act]i/ics ( ^! animals are br\ght out4 ,! rabbit is ! clev] h]o ( all ! tales1 mu* z ! fox is 9 ,european tales4 ,! hy5a 7litunu7 is celebrat$ = its gre$9ess4 ,! litunu is a l>ge c>rion eat]1 :i* /&s1 we ?9k1 r high] ?an ! lion4 ,9 "o tale ! hy5a is always begg+ food f ! lion4 ,! lion makes a buck climb a tree1 s t its %ad[ is reflect$ 9 ! wat]2 ?is reflection is po9t$ out to ! hy5a1 :o at once ca/s himself into ! riv]4 ,! foll[+ may /& = an example ( _! tales3--,!re 0 once a hy5a & a leop>d4 ,!y w5t a j\rney1 & ! hy5a pick$ up a tortoise1 & told ! leop>d1 say+1 8,see1 ,i h pick$ up my#e tortoise04 ,! leop>d said1 8,give x me t ,i may see x04 ,he gave x him1 !n ! leop>d ?rew ! tortoise away4 ,"o day !y he>d t ! tortoise 0 a doctor4 ,!n ! hy5a & ! leop>d arrang$ to g to ! tortoise1 & beg m$ic9e = hunt+4 ,!y w5t1 !y f\nd ! tortoise1 & said1 8,we h come = m$ic9e = hunt+04 ,! tortoise gave ! leop>d beautiful spots1 & ! hy5a ugly spots1 because ! hy5a _h wi%$ to eat ! tortoise2 !n he gave !m horns ( m$ic9e1 & said to !m1 8,if y f9d meat t di$ ( itself y mu/ n eat x04 ,!n ! hy5a & ! leop>d w5t to hunt4 ,on ! pa? !y f\nd an animal t _h di$ ( itself4 ,! hy5a said1 8,leop>d1 my fri5d1 behold an animal t has di$ ( itself04 ,b ! leop>d said1 8,come1 let u g away04 ,! hy5a said1 8,p%aw6 we mu/ n eat meat t di$ ( itself80 ,!n ! leop>d said to ! hy5a1 8,t doctor said to u1 %\ld y f9d meat t di$ ( itself1 y mu/ n eat x04 ,! hy5a said 8,p%aw6 n q60 ,! leop>d w5t to ! bu%1 b ! hy5a return$ to ! doctor1 & said1 8,tortoise1 ,i h f\nd meat t di$ ( itself4 ,is x a transgression to look at x80 ,! tortoise said1 8,no1 x is n a transgression04 ,! hy5a w5t to 8 meat & gaz$ on x4 ,!n he w5t back aga9 to ! doctor & said1 8,i h look$ at x04 ,!n he said aga91 8,is x a transgression to lick x80 ,! tortoise said 8,no04 ,! hy5a !n w5t to 8 meat & lick$ x4 ,!n he return$ aga9 to ! tortoise & said1 8,is x a transgression to remove x f ! pa?80 ,! tortoise said 8,no04 ,! hy5a !n w5t to 8 meat & remov$ x (f ! pa?1 & ?rew x f> away4 ,he return$ aga9 to ! tortoise & said to him1 8,i h remov$ x04 ,& ! tortoise said1 8,v well04 ,! hy5a ask$ aga9 say+1 8,is eat+ x a transgression80 ,! tortoise said1 8,y w n swall[ x80 ,! hy5a said 8,no04 ,!n he w5t back to 8 meat & ate x1 & came back to ! tortoise & said1 8,i h eat5 t meat04 ,b ! tortoise said1 8,y h transgress$1 hy5a1 y w n be a hunt]1 b ! leop>d w be a good hunt]1 ,i gave him a horn ( m$ic9e04 ,s ! leop>d caught mu* meat1 b ! hy5a did n "k h[ to cat* meat4 ,! tortoise _h said1 8,hy5a1 ,o *ief1 y\r "n is hy5a04 ,we may "h note t ! nam+ ( ! animals is a subject on :i* !y h _m leg5ds4 ,! names1 too1 9 mo/ ( _! leg5ds ab\t p]sons1 are significant1 & accord ) ! moral ( ! /ory4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t all ! natives' names h a mean+ ,x is common = m5 & wom5 to be> ! names ( animals2 ?us we may h a ,mr4 ,cock1 ,mr4 ,lion1 & s on4 ,we almo/ ?9k t _! *ildr5 :5 he>+ ^! /ories = ! fir/ "t w\ld ?9k ( 8hy5a10 8leop>d10 c41 z be+ p :o bore ^! names4 ,sev]al /ories relate to f[ls & birds4 ,f[ls are /at$ to h be5 at fir/ wild1 & aft] a :ile to h be5 dome/icat$4 ,"o f[l 0 visit$ by a gu9ea-f[l4 ,! latt] 0 greatly a/oni%$ t ! h\sewife ?rew out food = !m--t a com=table h\se 0 provid$--& e k9dness %ewn2 b j z all ^! ?+s 7 fav\rably impress+ ! gu9ea-f[l ! hungry husb& return$ & said1 8,kill t f[l z a reli% = my porridge04 ,_m su* tales ev9ce a wond]ful sympa?y = animals4 ,! natives are greatly di/ress$ by ! visits ( a l>ge cr[ to _! crops4 ,yet !y h a tale :i* makes !m excuse ! depr$ations4 8,once on a "t a *ief 0 puzzl$ ov] "s case1 & c\ld get no advice till a cr[ came & put matt]s q "r4 ,?is cr[ 0 h&somely rew>d$ by a gift ( beans & o!r se$s4 ,x proce$$ to c>ry ^! home1 b dropp$ _m on ! way2 n[ :5 ! cr[ rifles ! native's fields x is look+ = "s ( ^? lo/ se$s & _! fruit40 ,!y h a great _m tales embody+ !ories on ! creation ( ! _w1 to :i* we %all allude bel[ 7#ac74 ,! introduction ( arts & manufactures is also an important !me4 ,we are told ( a woman t f\nd p ) pl5ty ( corn1 b no porridge4 ,!y simply *ew$ _! gra94 ,?is lady produc$ a mort> & procur$ fl\r4 ,holl[ /ones !y say gave place to pots1 9 ! same way z caves 7 ab&on$ = h\ses4 ,!y speak ( a "t :5 !y ho$ ) wood4 ,x 0 aft] !y c\ld use iron knives t !y dug d[n1 & c\ld put 9 _! po/s z !y d 9 _! mod]n h\ses4 ,! fir/ clo?+ 0 b>k4 ,dea? 0 introduc$ by a woman :o taught two m5 to sleep2 %e held "o's no/rils1 & he nev] awoke4 8,dea? & sleep10 ! leg5d rem>ks1 8are "o ^w40 ,monkeys 7 at "o "t human be+s :o qu>rell$ ) _! fri5ds1 & w5t to /ay 9 ! bu%4 ,?\gh ! natives admit t ! monkeys are _! c\s9s1 !y are n sl[ 9 po9t+ out :]e !y diff] f m54 ,we said to "o woman :o 0 sev]ely c5sur+ ! monkeys = eat+ h] crop1 t %e %\ld give !m "s corn to see :e!r !y w\ld n raise a crop = !mselves4 ,%e repli$ t monkeys w\ld n leave _! se$ 9 ! gr\nd--!y w\ld pick x up & eat x4 ,x is n ev]yone t w\ld h fix$ s promptly on su* a *>act]i/ic diff]5ce betwe5 m5 & monkeys4 ,!y give _m tales ( exp]im5ts tri$ to make human be+s out ( monkeys1 specially 9 ! case ( wom5 t 7 b>r5 & want$ a *ild2 b1 aft] ! mo/ c>eful tra9+1 ^! 8*ildr50 always rejo9$ _! own 8k9d04 ,relation to ,tales ( ,o!r ,l&s4 ,!re are also _m wond]ful tales reg>d+ p t cross$ lakes or riv]s2 b at ! "t we did n note ^! s c>efully1 z we consid]$ t x 0 possible t our n>rator might modify x 9 accordance ) tea*+ t he _h he>d f ! ,scriptures4 ,s9ce we arriv$ 9 ,engl&1 h[ev]1 we f9d t ,bi%op ,callaway has writt5 d[n /ories exactly simil>1 & inde$ h>dly s circum/antial1 :i* he receiv$ f ! ,amazulu4 ,on look+ ov] 8 collection we f9d sev]al t correspond1 *iefly z reg>ds ! mo/ /rik+ feature ( ! /ory1 ) "s ( ours4 ,?is %[s :at we _h be5 conv9c$ ( long be=e1 t "s ( ^! traditions _h be5 recit$ at a p]iod :5 ! ance/ors ( ! ,amazulu & ( ^! ,nyasa tribes 7 "o p4 ,! foll[+ is an in/ance ( ! k9d ( resemblance3--,9 "o ( ! tales ( ,bi%op ,callaway a "y man tries to de/roy ! cubs ( a leop>d4 ,he kills !m "o by "o2 & ! po9t by :i* ! deception 0 c>ri$ out 0 to h& ! cubs to _! "m "o by "o4 ,:5 only "o cub 0 left he h&$ ?is cub sev]al times accord+ to ! numb] ( *ildr54 ,! leop>d ?\ght t ! same cub h&$ to h] ?ree times 0 ?ree cubs4 ,9 a collection ( ours t 0 s5t home 9 #ahhj1 & s9ce pr9t$1 a 8rabbit0 or fox *eats a lioness by ! same peculi> /rategy4 ,9 ! /ories !mselves !re is little to give u any note ( "t or antiquity4 ,!y are liable to modification too 9 important p>ticul>s4 ,?us "o man w tell a wond]ful /ory ( :at a h]o effect$ by 8 gun4 ,he judges t a ,european w\ld despise ! h]o if he 7 arm$ only ) a b[ & arr[s4 ,b ano!r n>rator ( ! same /ory may rem>k on 8 v>iation t guns did n come till long aft]4 ,aft] we h _h a tale writt51 we h1 9 ord] to obta9 explanations1 ask$ ! same man to repeat x1 & :]e he _h giv5 any expression t seem$ to v>y f ! m usual =m ( language1 we h obs]v$ t he kept z fai?fully to su* expressions z if he _h be5 read+ f a book4 ,we _h little d\bt t1 z he confess$1 he _h be=e him "s recital t _h produc$ an impression 9 8 e>ly ye>s4 ,z to ! am\nt ( ?is species ( lit]ature x is difficult to be c]ta94 ,! numb] ( conundrums 7#a7 we ?9k does n mu* exce$ #bej4 ,i f9d t ,i h writt5 out m ?an #ajj tales 7#b71 & ,i h li/5$ to at lea/ #aej o!rs :i* ,i did n write out4 ,i m]ely not$ new words & po9ts 9 gramm>4 ,! traditional songs 7#c7 may be z num]\s z ! tales4 ,( ! cat*-^w compositions 7#d71 at lea/ ! long] ones1 ,i %\ld n expect to f9d m ?an #ej4 ,be=e ,i left ,i _h difficulty 9 f9d+ new specim5s ( #a1 #b1 & #d4 ,mr4 ,bu*anan1 9 8 /udy ( ! language1 0 collect+ specim5s ( native lit]ature at ! same "t1 & we _h begun to ?9k t we _h ne>ly exhau/$ ! field s f> z ! m po9t$ tales 7 conc]n$4 ,new recit]s g5]ally wi%$ to give u :at we _h already4 ,our contributors repres5t$ a wide di/rict4 ,my li/ includ$ ,wayao1 ,ma*+a1 ,anyasa1 ,angulu1 ,a*ipeta1 ,a*ikunda1 & ,awisa4 ,b ! tales seem$ to be common to all ^! tribes4 ,a ,ma*+a 0 g5]ally famili> ev5 ) ! tales ( a native ( ,quilimane4 ,:]e ?is 0 n s we consid]$ ! tale z m]ely local & ( no antiquity4 ,we h giv5 translations ( sev]al tales 9 ! app5dices4 ,,e?ology4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,beliefs ,,ab\t ,,god4 ,,articles #a-ajg4 ,! foll[+ /atem5ts on ! ,e?ology or ! cu/oms ( ^! races are tak5 f ! v words ( ! natives !mselves4 ,natives are g5]ally q agre$ z to :at _! cu/oms are4 ,:]e !y gave diff]5t views ,i h not$ bo?1 aft] f9d+ t bo? _h real au?ority4 ,i d n ?9k ,i h admitt$ any po9t ( importance )\t hav+ he>d at lea/ f\r natives on ! subject4 ,! /atem5ts are translations1 z f> z possible1 f ! ipsissima v]ba ( ! negroes4 #a4--,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,man4 ,an anci5t philosoph] 0 ask$ by 8 fri5ds :5 he 0 dy+ :at !y %\ld d ) him aft] 8 dea?4 8,all v well10 0 ! reply1 8if y c cat* me40 ,! ,mat]iali/ tells u t !re is no?+ to cat*1 t !re is no?+ t runs away f ! body at dea?1 b ! ,spirituali/ says1 8,y h only ! rema9s ( ! man !re--only ! in/rum5t t he us$ to "w )04 ,:at is ! position ( ^! ,african tribes ) reg>d to ?is "q8 ,!y are unanim\s 9 say+ t !re is some?+ beyond ! body :i* !y call _s 7lisoka7 or pure _s 7lisokape74 ,e human body at dea? is =sak5 by ?is _s2 b ! _s ( a *ild t dies ab\t f\r or five days' ( age gets no?+ ( ! usual att5tion 7#de74 #b4--;,,immortality4 8,d ^! spirits ev] die80 ,"s ,i h he>d affirm t x is possible = a tr\blesome _s to be kill$ 7#e1 #d74 ,o!rs give ?is a direct d5ial4 ,_m l ,kumpama ( ,*]asulo say1 8,y ask me :e!r a man's _s ev] dies4 ,i _c tell4 ,i h nev] be5 9 ! _s _w1 b ?is ,i am c]ta9 (1 t spirits live = a v long "t40 ,?is is a good specim5 ( cauti\s answ]s t ! natives (t5 give1 & x expresses ! belief t !y act on ) ref]5ce to dep>t$ spirits4 #c4--,,:o ,,! ,,gods ,,are4 ,9 all our translations ( ,scripture :]e we f\nd ! ^w ,,god we us$ ,mulungu1 b ?is ^w is *iefly us$ by ! natives z a g5]al "n = _s4 ,! _s ( a deceas$ man is call$ 8 ,mulungu1 & all ! pray]s & (f]+s ( ! liv+ are pres5t$ to su* spirits ( ! dead4 ,x is "h t we f9d ! great c5tre ( ! native religion4 ,! spirits ( ! dead are ! gods ( ! liv+4 ,besides lisoka 7#a7 & mulungu !re is ano!r ^w = _s1 viz41 msimu1 :i* is mu* us$ 9 ref]5ce to (f]+s4 #d4--,,:]e ,,!y ,,are ,,f\nd4 ,:]e are ^! gods f\nd8 ,at ! grave8 ,no4 ,! villag]s %r9k f yond] gloomy place t lies f> beyond _! fields on ! bleak m\nta9 side4 ,x is only :5 !y h to lay ano!r sleep] beside 8 =efa!rs t !y w g !re4 ,_! god is n ! body 9 ! grave1 b ! _s1 & !y seek ?is _s at ! place :]e _! dep>t$ k9sman la/ liv$ among !m4 ,x is ! great tree at ! v]&ah 7kwip5u7 ( ! dead man's h\se t is _! temple1 & if no tree gr[ "h !y erect a little %ade1 & !re p]=m _! simple rites4 ,if ?is spot become too public ! (f]+s may be d5i$ 7#dj71 & ! sanctu>y w be remov$ to a c>efully-select$ spot "u "s beautiful tree4 ,v frequ5tly a man pres5ts an (f]+ at ! top ( 8 own b$ beside 8 head4 ,he wi%es 8 god to come to him & :isp] 9 8 e> z he sleeps4 ,^! gods are n conf9$ to "o place4 ,9 answ] to pray] !y c protect a man dur+ a long j\rney1 & return ) him 9 peace4 ,:5 all ! villag]s are driv5 f _! homes by w> ^! spirits h p[] to g ) !m to a new village4 ,! _s ( an old *ief may h a :ole m\nta9 = 8 resid5ce1 b he dwells *iefly on ! cl\dy summit4 ,!re he sits to receive ! wor%ip ( 8 vot>ies1 & to s5d d[n ! refre%+ %[]s 9 answ] to _! pray]s4 #e4--;,,h[ ,,! ,,gods ,,give ,,evid5ce ,,( ,,_! ,,exi/5ce4 ,h[ d ! natives "k t ^! gods att5d to !m8 ,h[ d !y judge t _! deceas$ ance/ors c see !m ?r\gh ! d>kness ( ! grave8 7#a7 ,!y judge f ! way 9 :i* pray]s h be5 answ]$4 ,if !y pray = a successful hunt+ exp$ition & return lad5 ) v5ison or ivory1 !y "k t x is _! old relative t has done x1 & !y give him a ?ank (f]+4 ,if ! hunt+ p>ty get no?+1 !y may say 8! _s has be5 sulky ) u0 7akwete lupuso71 & refuse ! ?ank-(f]+4 7#b7 ,besides ?is1 _! god appe>s to !m 9 dreams4 ,!y may see him z !y knew him 9 days gone by4 ,:5 !y dream ( ! liv+ !re is no?+ wond]ful 9 t2 b :5 !y dream ( ! dead x is ! dep>t$ _s come to visit !m4 ,su* a dream impresses !m v mu*4 ,t be+ is altoge!r diff]5t s9ce he ent]$ ! _s _w4 ,n[ he is a god ) p[] to wat* ov] !m1 & help !m1 & control _! de/9y4 7#c7 ,! appe>ance ( ! gods 9 dreams is /ill too hazy4 ,_! crav+ = cle>] manife/ations ( ! deity is satisfi$ ?r\gh ! prophetess 7juakuweweta74 ,%e may be ! pr9cipal wife ( ! *ief2 9 "s cases a woman )\t a husb& w be set ap>t = ! god4 ,! god comes to h] ) 8 comm&s at night4 ,%e deliv]s ! message 9 a k9d ( ec/acy4 ,%e speaks 7z h] "n implies7 ) ! utt]ance ( a p]son rav+ ) excitem5t4 ,dur+ ! night ( ! communication h] rav+s are he>d s\nd+ all ov] ! village 9 a high key4 ,! :ole hamlet is wrapt 9 slumb]1 :5 all at once ! midnight /illness is brok5 by ^? mad %rieks4 ,! />tl$ inhabitants ?9k x is w>--slav]s h come--_! fir/ impulse is to run away4 ,_! fe> soon subsides4 ,x is ! prophetess4 ,!y are anxi\s to he> :at %e has to say1 & return to b$ aga94 ,or !re may be a great meet+ 9 ! morn+1 :5 ! prophetess appe>s--h] head encircl$ ) bhang or ,indian hemp1 & h] arms cut z if = new tatoos4 ,v>i\s gods reveal !mselves ?us 9 v>i\s places1 ei!r local deities 7#aa71 l ,mbona ( ,*olo1 or m ord9>y gods 7#be-bh74 7#d7 ,! gods may appe> 9 animal =ms4 ,"s spirits may appe> = mis*ief4 ,if a dead man wants to fright5 8 wife he may p]si/ 9 com+ z a s]p5t4 ,! only rem$y = ?is is to kill ! s]p5t1 :5 "s g s f> z to say t ?is tr\blesome _s is dead1 b o!rs say t ?\gh ! tr\ble is end$ ! god is only r$uc$ to a pure _s 7lisokape74 #f4--;,,di/9ctions ,,affect+ ,,! ,,gods4 ,x is usual to di/+ui% betwe5 ! _s & ! =m x takes4 ,a _s (t5 appe>s z a s]p5t4 ,:5 a man kills a s]p5t ?us belong+ to a _s1 he goes & makes an apology to ! (f5d$ god1 say+1 8,please1 please1 ,i did n "k t x 0 y\r s]p5t04 ,! dep>t$ may assume ! =m ( o!r animals4 ,a great hunt] g5]ally takes ! =m ( a lion or a leop>d2 & all wit*es 7asawi7 seem to l ! =m ( a hy5a4 ,!re is also a di/9ction betwe5 ! _s & ! _s's mess5g]4 ,! _s1 x is said1 w n take ! =m ( a bird1 b w s5d a bird ) its message4 ,we h ?is well illu/rat$ 9 ! leg5d ab\t ,*e ,mlngolo1 :i* became s popul> among/ u at ,blantyre4 ,a little boy 0 all[$ by 8 fa!r to accompany a c>avan to ! coa/2 he pick$ up "s curiosities1 = :i* an ,arab gave him exce$+ly beautiful clo?4 ,8 uncle covet$ ! clo?1 abus$ ! boy v mu*1 & ultimately kill$ him4 ,a little bird flew to 8 home at ! village1 & sang on ! trees to ! wom5 z !y p\nd$ _! corn1 8,ti1 ti1 ti1 diridya2 ,ti1 ti1 ti1 diridya1 !y h sla9 ,*e ,mlngolo because ( 8 clo?04 #g4--,,! ,,prie/s4 ,a c]ta9 am\nt ( etiquette is obs]v$ 9 approa*+ ! gods4 ,9 no case c a little boy or girl approa* ^! deities1 nei!r c any "o t has n be5 at ! my/]ies 7#eb74 ,! common qualification is t a p]son has atta9$ a c]ta9 age1 ab\t #ab or #ad ye>s1 & has a h\se ( 8 own4 ,slaves seldom pray1 except :5 !y h _h a dream4 ,*ildr5 t h _h a dream tell _! "m1 :o approa*es ! deity on _! behalf4 7,a pres5t = ! god is necess>y1 & ! slave or *ild may n h x47 ,ap>t f ! case ( dreams & a few su* private matt]s1 x is n usual = anyone to approa* ! gods except ! *ief ( ! village4 ,he is ! recognis$ high prie/ :o pres5ts pray]s & (f]+s on behalf ( all t live 9 8 village4 ,if ! *ief is f home 8 wife w act1 & if bo? are abs5t1 8 y\ng] bro!r 7mpwao74 ,! natives wor%ip n s mu* individually z 9 villages or communities4 ,_! religion is m a public ?an a private matt]4 ,:5 we w5t to ,blantyre we 7 accompani$ by two small boys t _h liv$ 9 ,quilimane4 ,"o night aft] we 7 9 b$ we 7 />tl$ by a t]rible scream+4 ,?is 0 he>d by a fri5d :o liv$ 9 ano!r h\se at a %ort di/ance f ours1 & he came to u judg+ t we _h among u at lea/ a leop>d4 ,b ! screams 7 f\nd to h a diff]5t cause4 ,! y\ng] boy wi%$ to c>ry into practice our exhortations ab\t pray]1 & = ?is purpose knelt d[n on 8 little mat or b$4 ,! old] 0 m cumb]$ ) mu* s]v+1 l ,m>?a4 ,he want$ to make 8 b$ tidy1 & )\t c]emony ?rew ! little wor%ipp] (f ! mat1 tell+ him t x 0 n prop] = him to pray1 z he 0 n a :ite man 7msungu74 ,! rud5ess gave rise to fight+ & scream+4 ,we m5tion ! incid5t to %[ t ! bigg] boy w\ld hold t he belong$ to ! village ( ! :ite man1 & t ! :ite man ought to approa* ! gods on 8 behalf4 ,! *ief ( a village has ano!r title to ! prie/hood4 ,x is 8 relatives t are ! village gods4 ,ev]yone t lives 9 ! village recognises ^! gods2 b if anyone remove to ano!r village he *anges 8 gods4 ,he recognises n[ ! gods ( 8 new *ief4 ,"o wi%+ to pray to ! god 7or gods7 ( any village naturally desires to h 8 pray]s pres5t$ ?r\gh ! village *ief1 because ! latt] is ne>ly relat$ to ! village god1 & may be expect$ to be bett] li/5$ to ?an a /rang]4 #h4--,,village ,,gods4 ,on ! subject ( ! village gods op9ions diff]4 ,"s say t e "o 9 ! village1 :e!r a relative ( ! *ief or n1 mu/ wor%ip ! =efa!rs ( ! *ief4 ,o!rs say t a p]son n relat$ to ! *ief mu/ wor%ip 8 own =efa!rs1 o!rwise _! spirits w br+ tr\ble ^u him4 ,to reconcile ^! au?orities we may m5tion t ne>ly e "o 9 ! village is relat$ to its *ief1 or if n relat$ is1 9 c\rtesy1 consid]$ s4 ,any p]son n relat$ to ! village *ief w\ld be polite en\gh on all public occasions to recognise ! village god3 on occasions ( private pray] 7:i* are n s num]\s z 9 ,*ri/5dom7 he w\ld approa* ! spirits ( 8 own =efa!rs4 ,besides1 !re might be a god ( ! l&4 ,! *ief ,kap5i prays to 8 own relatives1 & also to ! old gods ( ! place4 ,8 own relatives he approa*es himself1 ! o!r deities he may also approa* himself1 b he (t5 f9ds p m closely relat$1 & consequ5tly m acceptable 7#g7 to ! old gods ( ! l&4 #i4--,,mono!ism1 ,,poly!ism1 ,,or ,,pan!ism8 ,aft] we h settl$ t !re is an object ( wor%ip1 !re are /ill a great _m diff]5t positions to hold4 ,we might be ,pan!i/s1 ,poly!i/s1 or ,mono!i/s4 ,! position ( ,pan!ism is seldom indicat$ by natives :5 describ+ _! religion4 ,we once ?\ght t ! class ( n\ns 79 ! native language7 t ,mulungu belongs to 0 an argum5t 9 fav\r ( _! ,pan!ism4 ,"o class ( native n\ns is ne>ly co-ext5sive ) human be+s1 & ,mulungu is n 9 ?is class4 ,b ! argum5t at be/ is weak4 ,:ile ,mulungu means a _s1 x may also be us$ z a prop] "n4 ,!re are two classes ( expressions :]e x is us$ z a prop] "n4 ,! fir/ class po9ts to a k9d ( ,pan!ism4 ,mulungu is said to be 8! great _s 7msimu7 ( all m51 a _s =m$ by add+ all ! dep>t$ spirits toge!r04 ,^! & v>i\s o!r expressions ( ! same k9d indicate a grasp+ aft] a be+ :o is ! totality ( all individual exi/5ce1 & are n unwor?y ( notice4 ,if !y fell f ! lips ( civilis$ m5 in/ead ( savages !y w\ld be reg>d$ z philosophy4 ,expressions ( ?is k9d among ! natives are p>tly traditional1 & p>tly dictat$ by ! big ?\ghts ( ! mom5t4 ,! second class ( expressions :]e we h ,mulungu us$ z a prop] "n c]ta9ly po9ts to a p]sonal be+4 ,by ! ,wayao he is sometimes said to be ! same z ,mtanga 7#ab74 ,at o!r times he is a ,be+ t possesses _m p[]ful s]vants2 b is himself kept a good deal beyond ! sc5e ( e>?ly affairs1 l ! gods ( ,epicurus4 ,9 ! native hypo!ses ab\t creation 8! p ( ,mulungu0 7wa ku ,mulungu7 play a v important "p4 ,?is ,mulungu 9 ! spiritual _w--! _w beyond ! grave--is repres5t$ z assign+ to spirits _! v>i\s places4 ,he arranges !m 9 r[s or ti]s4 ,aft] mak+ an induction ( all t we h he>d ab\t ,mulungu 7c>efully exclud+1 ( c\rse1 e /atem5t t seem$ to be 9 ! lea/ modifi$ by ,*ri/ian tea*+71 we %\ld say t _! religion 9 its wor%ip 0 practically ,poly!ism4 ,at ! same "t ! spirits are (t5 ask$ to act z m$iators ) "s high] be+4 ,beyond _! ,poly!ism _! language conta9s a few expressions t rem9d u ( ,pan!ism1 & a great _m t speak to u ( ,mono!ism4 ,! d]ivation ( ! ^w ,mulungu ?r[s "s light on ! subject4 ,h5ry ,salt 7#ahad7 says t among ! ,makuas x means 8! sky04 ,we h he>d ,yao expressions t w\ld prep>e u to accept ?is int]pretation2 & ! ,yao ^w may be sometimes us$ = ra9b[ 7:i* is ei!r ,mulungu or ukunje wa ,mulungu73 x is s+ul> too t ,*ilungu means e>?quake4 ,we ?9k a m correct view lies 9 ! d]ivation /at$ by ,bleek1 :i* makes x orig9ally mean 8great ance/or04 #aj4--,,numb] ,,( ,,! ,,natives' ,,gods4 ,we saw t e human be+ has a ,mulungu or _s 7#b74 ,?is position e native w uphold1 except p]haps 9 ! case ( a "y *ild :o has n rea*$ six days ( age1 & has n be5 =mally introduc$ into ! _w or 8tak5 out ( ! h\se0 7kopoka m' nyumba7 7#dd74 ,if a *ild ( six days has be5 introduc$ into ! _w ?\gh only a day be=e its dea?1 its _s is entitl$ to (f]+s1 & receives ^! (f]+s at lea/ f its p>5ts4 ,:5 ! little *ild meets ! p>5ts beyond ! grave x w say1 8,y rememb]$ me2 ,i saw :at y 7 do+04 ,! _s ( e deceas$ man & woman1 ) ! solit>y exception ( wiz>ds & wit*es becomes an object ( religi\s homage4 ,! gods ( ! natives !n are ne>ly z num]\s z _! dead4 ,x is impossible to wor%ip all2 a selection mu/ be made1 &1 z we h indicat$1 ea* wor%ipp] turns mo/ naturally to ! spirits ( 8 own dep>t$ relatives2 b 8 gods are too _m /ill1 & 9 f>!r select+ he turns to ^? t h liv$ ne>e/ 8 own "t4 ,?us ! *ief ( a village w n tr\ble himself ab\t 8 great-great-gr&fa!r2 he w pres5t 8 (f]+ to 8 own imm$iate pr$ecessor1 & say1 8,oh1 fa!r1 ,i d n "k all y\r relatives1 y "k !m all1 invite !m to fea/ ) y04 ,! (f]+ is n simply = himself1 b = himself & all 8 relatives4 ,we ask him1 8,:at if !y qu>rel ) ! o!r relatives ab\t _! %>e ( ! fea/80 8,let !m qu>rel10 he replies1 8,i h giv5 !m en\gh40 ,key to _! view ( ! ,_s ,_w4 ,we may ?9k t ! native *ief 9 select+ 8 pr$ecessor alone1 has left all ! re/ ( ! p t once liv$ 9 8 village )\t any homage4 ,"h we enc\nt] an important native view t a *ief repres5ts & is responsible = all 8 p4 ,if any "o wi% to treat ) a native village x is ) ! village *ief t he mu/ deal4 ,if we give a pres5t to a village x is to ! village *ief t we mu/ give x4 ,?is does n prev5t u f giv+ pres5ts to any o!r individual4 ,s x is 9 ! _w beyond1 :i* ! natives conceive to be peopl$ 9 ! same way z ?is _w4 ,!re ! old *ief has 8 wives & slaves & companions ab\t him z ( yore4 ,to ! natives dea? is ! "t :5 !y1 9 l mann]1 %all be lit]ally 8ga!r$ to _! fa!rs04 ,nature ( ,(f]+s4 ,! man t makes an (f]+ reg>ds himself z giv+ a pres5t 7mtuka7 to a little village ( ! dep>t$ :i* is head$ by its *ief4 ,^? t are be/ kn[n to ! (f]] may get a pres5t !mselves1 b !y w be expect$ to call ! att5tion ( ! *ief :5 a public pres5t arrives4 #aa4--,,local ,,deities4 ,we h se5 t p resid+ 9 a village wor%ip _! deceas$ *ief1 b :5 _! pres5t *ief dies he w become ! pr9cipal god2 m di/ant relatives give place to successors4 ,b a great *ief t has be5 successful 9 8 w>s does n pass out ( memory s soon4 ,he may become ! god ( a m\nta9 or a lake1 & may receive homage z a local deity long aft] 8 own desc5dants h be5 driv5 f ! spot4 ,:5 !re is a supplication = ra9 ! inhabitants ( ! c\ntry pray n s mu* to _! own =efa!rs z to ! god ( yond] m\nta9 on ^: %\ld]s ! great ra9 cl\ds repose4 7,small] hills are seldom hon\r$ ) a deity47 ,! god ( ,m\nt ,so*i is ,kangomba4 ,"o tradition reg>d+ him is ?is--,:5 ! ,wayao 7 driv+ ! ,wanyasa out ( ! c\ntry1 ,kangomba1 a ,wanyasa *ief1 saw t def5ce 0 hopeless1 & ent]$ a great cave on ! m\nta9 side4 ,out ( ?is cave he nev] return$2 8he di$ unconqu]$ 9 8 own l&04 ,! ,wayao made ! old tribe retire be=e !m1 b ! *ief ,kangomba kept 8 place1 & ! new com]s are glad to invoke 8 aid to ?is day4 ,_! supplication = ra9 takes ! =m 7,ku ,so*i1 kwa ,kangomba ula jijise7 8,oh1 ,kangomba ( ,so*i1 s5d u ra904 ,! ,wayao *ief ,kap5i (t5 asks "s ( ! ,wanyasa tribe t c trace connection ) ,kangomba to help him 9 ^! (f]+s & supplications 7#g74 #ab4--,,sup]ior ,,deities4 ,beyond & above ! spirits ( _! fa!rs1 & *iefs localis$ on hills1 ! ,wayao speak ( o!rs t !y consid] sup]ior4 ,only _! home is m associat$ ) ! c\ntry :i* ! ,yao left2 s t !y too at "o "t may h be5 look$ ^u really z local deities4 ,among ^! o!r be+s are ,mtanga & ,*it[e4 ,mtanga "s di/9ctly localise z ! god ( ,mango*i1 ! great hill t ! ,yao p left4 ,i regret mu* t ,i did n see ?is hill be=e leav+ ,africa1 z ,i h he>d s mu* ( x4 ,to ^! p x is all t ! _m-ridg$ ,olympus 0 to ! ,greeks4 ,! voice ( ,mtanga1 "s hold1 is /ill audible on ,mango*i4 ,o!rs say t ,mtanga 0 nev] a man1 & t ,mtanga is ano!r ^w = ,mulungu4 ,he 0 conc]n$ 9 ! fir/ introduction ( m5 into ! _w 7#ac74 ,he gets cr$it also = supply+ p ) se$s1 & mak+ m\nta9s & riv]s4 ,he is intimately associat$ ) a ye> ( pl5ty4 ,he is call$ ,m*imw5e ju5e 7v *ief74 ,*it[e 7,siluwi7 has n su* a good "*4 ,he is associat$ ) fam9e4 ,he is (t5 repres5t$ z hav+ "o leg1 "o arm1 "o side ( 8 nose1 & s on--! o!r half ( 8 body be+ suppli$ by beeswax4 ,he is invok$ by ! wom5 on ! day ( initiat+ 7kuumbala7 _! fields4 ,! wom5 ( a village =m a great procession :5 ! new crop has begun to gr[4 ,!y *ant a hymn to ,*it[e1 implor+ him on behalf ( _! crops4 ,*it[e may become a *ild or a "y woman4 ,9 ?is disguise he visits villages1 & tells :e!r ! com+ ye> w br+ food or fam9e4 ,he receives _! hospitality1 b ?r[s ! food ov] 8 %\ld] )\t eat+ x4 ,*it[e is a *ild or subject ( ,mtanga1 & "s speak ( sev]al ,*it[e :o are mess5g]s ( ,mtanga4 ,mpambe is (t5 invok$ by ! ,anyasa at great supplications = ra94 ,?is ,mpambe 9 ! ,yao language is 8,njasi10 9 ,engli% 8,lightn+04 ,! ,yao say t ,mpambe is s5t by ,mtanga ) ra94 ,?is is a my?ological expression ( ! fact t ! lightn+ 9 ?is qu>t] is always associat$ ) ra94 ,?is la/ example %[s h[ natural x is = man to deify ! p[]s he sees ar\nd him4 ,at fir/ he is greatly t\*$ ) all ! emotions ( 8wond]1 love1 & awe10 z he consid]s h[ mu* he is indebt$ to ! %[] t makes 8 food gr[4 ,he is ready to fall d[n & wor%ip4 ,:at %all he wor%ip8 ,! m\nta9 ^: l(ty summit is clo!d ) ! ra9 cl\d1 or ! lightn+ t spr+s f ! cl\d8 ,he goes ov] ev]y?+ he c fairly associate ) ! ra91 & /ill he is n satisfi$--he craves = some?+ t c und]/& him4 ,he looks back to ! days ( 8 y\?4 ,he rememb]s a gr&fa!r :o told h[ he _h fl$ f ! face ( an oppressor1 h[ he _h built 8 home f> up ne> ! m\nta9 top1 & !re br\ght up 8 family 9 safety4 ,by & by z dang]s pass$ away1 ?is ance/or mov$ f>!r d[n ! m\nta92 gradually he increas$ 9 p[]1 & 9 8 old age f\nd himself ! *ief ( a clan4 ,yet he nev] =got ! days ( 8 adv5ture1 & ev] po9t$ pr\dly to ! spot :]e he _h fir/ f\nd a %elt]2 & 8 *ildr5's *ildr51 z !y li/5$ to ! old man's tale1 c\nt$ ! gr\nd holy4 ,! days come :5 !y c see ! old man no m4 8,b does he n /ill exi/8 ,yea--did we n he> 8 words z we li/5$ to s\nds t play$ ab\t ! m\nta9 side8 ,did we n see him1 ?\gh x 0 b = a mom5t1 sitt+ beside 8 own home z he us$ to sit long ago8 ,he wore ! v same dress4 ,did he n appe> to u 9 our dreams8 ,!re1 too1 we saw him mov+ beside 8 old home4 ,yes1 he is liv+ on our m\nta9 /ill4#f ,he is tak+ c>e ( u4 ,he kn[s :5 we ne$ ra91 & he s5ds x4 ,we mu/ give him some?+2 :5 he _h corn he always gave u4 ,n[1 ! poor man has no crop2 b p]haps 8 ne$s are _m4 ,we w give him food1 we w give him slaves1 & he w n =get u40 ,!re is some?+ full ( pa?os 9 ! sight ( a man invok+ 8 deceas$ relatives4 ,he has got into great difficulty4 ,none ( 8 fri5ds c assi/ him1 !y h>dly sympa?ise ) him4 ,8 ?\ghts turn to days :5 he _h no difficulty1 to ! bright p]iod ( :i*1 hea!n t he is1 he c say1 8,heav5 is ab\t u 9 our infancy04 ,he is s sure t if he only _h ! grey-head$ man t smil$ on him !n1 all 8 difficulties w\ld vani%4 ,t man c\ld und]/& him1 & believe good ( him z he did long ago4 ,c\ld he b rea* him across ! portals ( ! grave all w\ld be well4 ,?us1 ) great e>ne/ness1 ! native turns to ! spirits ( 8 fa!rs4 #ac4--,,! ,,creation--,,cosmology4 ,! exi/5ce ( ! _w itself is accept$ z a fact n to be expla9$4 ,b !re are leg5ds t expla9 ! introduction ( ! sun1 moon1 & />s1 cl\ds & ra92 z also h[ m\nta9s & riv]s appe>$ on ! sc5e4 ,man1 or at lea/ ! fa!r ( ^! c5tral tribes1 sprang f a hole 9 a rock1 f :i* ! l[] animals came also4 ,ar\nd ?is hole !re 7 abundant footpr9ts ( all k9ds ( animals4 ,x 0 clos$ by ! p ( ,mulungu1 & is n[ 9 a des]t place #8t[>ds ! nor?' 7kumpoto74 ,subsequ5t to ! appe>ance ( man1 _m *anges occurr$ specially calculat$ = 8 b5efit4 ,?us ! mi/ 0 s5t to keep ! sun f burn+ up ! crops--an arrangem5t t w\ld readily comm5d itself to ^! philosophical *ildr5 ( ! tropics4 ,_! leg5ds g on to /ate t ! ,wayao1 ,anyasa1 ,angulu1 ,awisa & o!rs sprang f a common /ock1 & to expla9 h[ ! tribes sep>at$ ?r\gh "o go+ to "o side ( ! c\ntry & ano!r to ano!r4 ,! *ief cause ( su* sep>ations is said to be w>4 ,! ,zulus & ! ,engli% belong1 !y say1 to a diff]5t /ock2 :]e !y came f ! natives _c tell4 ,!y h a leg5d ab\t ,zulus 7,mangoni7 com+ out 9 great sw>ms ne> a l>ge riv]2 & ano!r leg5d ab\t a black man cross+ a bridge1 z he look$ r\nd he 0 greatly a/oni%$ to f9d t a :ite man 7msungu7 0 foll[+ him4 ,! :ite m5 are repres5t$ z hav+ /aid long] ) ! p ( ,god 7,mulungu71 & le>n$ m ?an ! black m54 ,) all due def]5ce to ! too?less old man :o told me t ! ,zulus are diff]5t f ! ,yao1 ,i am /rongly ( op9ion t al?\gh _! languages are n mutually intelligible n[1 !re 0 a "t :5 _! =efa!rs play$ toge!r by ! same /reams & hills2 b ?is "t is m remote ?an 8 leg5d1 :i* only expla9$ :5 ! ,wanyasa sep>at$ f 8 tribe4 ,,*apt] ,,iv4 ,,on ,,wor%ip ,,& ,,(f]+s--,,occasions ,,= ,,wor%ip4 8,none %all appe> be=e me empty40--,,exod4 #bc1 #ae4 ,,/>t+ ,,on ,a ,,j\rney 7,,ul5do71 ,,w>1 ,,or ,,hunt+ ,,exp$ition4 #ad4--,,pray]s ,,& ,,om5s4 ,:5 a man int5ds to set out on "s exp$ition he goes to ! *ief ( 8 village1 & tells him4 ,! *ief pres5ts an (f]+ 7mbepesi7 to ! _s ( 8 pr$ecessor4 ,?is (f]+ consi/s ( a little fl\r1 :i* he puts d[n v sl[ly at ! top ( 8 b$1 or he may g to ! v]&ah ( ! h\se ( 8 deceas$ bro!r4 ,z he puts d[n ! (f]+ he recites ! words1 8,my son has come1 he goes a j\rney1 enlight5 8 eyes1 pres]ve him on 8 j\rney1 escort ?is *ild1 may he return ) 8 head unsca!d 7lit]ally #8gre51' wa uwisi74 ,please1 please1 let him und]take ! j\rney1 & be v successful40 ,if ! fl\r d n fall s z to =m a cone ) a f9e po9t !re is a bad om51 & ! j\rney is def]r$4 ,! rem$y = ?is /ate ( matt]s is to resort to ! oracle 7*isango7 7,i74 ,x is seldom1 h[ev]1 t a bad om5 is f\nd at ?is /age1 ?\gh "s say x is possible4 ,! oracle w expla9 :at is ! cause ( ! bad om54 ,probably ! man w be told to 8try aga904 ,if ! cone =m beautifully on ?is occasion1 !n x w be cle> t ! god want$ him m]ely to delay = a day or two1 & = "s good reason2 b if ! cone /ill refuse to =m1 resort is aga9 _h to ! oracle4 ,! oracle sets to "w1 & f9ds t "s deceas$ relative has a h& 9 ?is ob/ruction4 ,?is relative mu/ be propitiat$ by an (f]+4 ,or x maybe t a wit* 7msawi2 ,*9yasa1 mfiti7 is ! cause ( ! tr\ble2 !n x is ! duty ( ! oracle to decl>e :o ! wit* is4 ,?is leads to a s]i\s /ate ( matt]s1 :i* w v probably end 9 ! dea? ( ?is wit*4 ,a p]son _c g to hunt ) any assurance ( safety till ! wit* has drunk ! poison$ cup 7mwai74 ,we 7 mu* affect$ by a case ( ?is k9d t came "u our notice4 ,a village *ief1 ,matope1 0 l$ to believe t he 0 bewit*$4 ,fir/ 8 pr9cipal wife became s]i\sly ill--! disease 0 consumption--%e 0 treat$ ) ! usual ,engli% rem$ies1 & ,mrs ,mac,donald made a b$ = h]1 :i* took ! place ( ! h>d mat ^u :i* ! poor native lies d[n to die4 ,z ! native f>e is h>d z ! native b$1 & ! poor invalid c\ld n reli% x1 we s5t h] "s s\p e day1 z well z sug> ( :i* %e 0 exce$+ly fond4 ,ultimately ! disease ran its c\rse1 go+ ?r\gh ! same /ages z ! t]rible malady does 9 ,engl&4 ,"o day ! husb& came to me & said1 8,!re is m\rn+ at our home04 ,! simple words reveal$ at once t ! wife ( ! village *ief 0 dead4 ,we fully expect$ t1 not)/&+ our remon/rances1 "s "o w\ld be accus$ ( caus+ h] dea? ?r\gh wit*craft2 b p]haps ow+ to ! int]e/ t we _h tak5 9 8 wife all along1 no "o 0 accus$ on ?is occasion4 ,he _h f\r wives besides1 & he soon suppli$ ! place ( ! deceas$ by buy+ ano!r wife1 :o 0 8v good to h] *ildr504 ,!n a little aft]1 ! son ( "o ( 8 o!r wives hav+ gone out at midnight1 a leop>d came ^u him & caught 8 foot j at ! door ( ! h\se z he 0 runn+ 94 ,! lad 0 badly bitt51 & 8 "m induc$ ,matope to h resort to ! usual me?ods ( detect+ wit*craft2 ! result 0 t ,matope's own "m 0 pron\nc$ a wit*4 ,we 7 v sorry = ! poor woman4 ,%e liv$ 9 ano!r village1 ov] ! /ream f h] son's hamlet4 ,%e _h always %[n u ! greate/ k9dness & hospitality4 ,%e 0 fond ( jok+ & fun1 b ?is s5t5ce made h] an object ( dread & av]sion4 ,e native n[ %runk f h]1 & h] life became a burd54 ,we tri$ to d ev]y?+ = h]2 we gave h] pres5ts2 invit$ h] to come & see u1 & caution$ h] aga9/ dr9k+ ! poison$ cup4 ,we made ! village *ief promise t x w\ld n be adm9i/]$4 ,! result 0 t !re 0 "s delay 9 dr9k+ ! ordeal4 ,we made e use ( ?is respite by talk+ on ! matt] ) ,kap5i1 ! *ief ( ! c\ntry1 :o 0 h] bro!r1 & :o promis$ to use e influ5ce on h] behalf4 ,h] son1 ! village *ief1 0 a v successful hunt]4 ,dur+ ! delay he c\ld n g to hunt4 ,! sup]/ition 0 too /rong = him4 ,at ! same "t 8 "m 0 anxi\s to break ! spell t b\nd him1 %e 0 s sure t %e 0 innoc5t4 ,%e drank ! dang]\s cup & di$1 & h[ev] de>ly ! lib]ty 0 pur*as$1 ! hunt] c\ld n[ g =? to 8 usual pursuit4 ,s mu* = ! dang] ( be+ suspect$ ( wit*craft1 a suspicion t might arise f fl\r n fall+ 9 ! =m ( a cone4 ,b x is seldom t a bad om5 arises :ile ! *ief is 9 ! m]e act ( putt+ d[n ! fl\r4 ,aft] ! fl\r is put d[n1 & has =m$ a %apely cone1 he c>efully cov]s x ) a pot1 & leaves x all night4 ,dur+ ! night he may h a dream ab\t ! j\rney1 & ?is w decide 8 c\rse4 ,b if he is /ill undecid$ he visits 8 (f]+ e>ly 9 ! morn+4 ,%\ld he f9d t ! cone ( fl\r is brok5 d[n on "o side 7mbali jimo jiwalwi*e71 t x has n its prop] po9t 7lusonga71 ! om5 is bad4 ,! fl\r is ?r[n away 9 ! bu%1 ! j\rney is =bidd5 by ! _s1 & _c be ?\ght (2 & ! result is an appeal to ! oracle 7*isango74 ,b if ! fl\r has pres]v$ its conical =m ! om5 is good1 ! div9ity has accept$ ! pres5t & grant$ ! reque/4 ,! village *ief tells 8 man to g =? ) confid5ce4 ,! ,wanyasa dep5d m ^u ! dream dur+ night ?an ! appe>ance ( ! cone4 ,"s ( !m say1 8,( c\rse1 ! fl\r w =m a cone if x is put d[n c>efully1 & ! cone w ma9ta9 its =m if ! rats are kept away04 ,! ,magololo *iefs w\ld n s5d _! *ildr5 to s*ool until !y dreamt4 ,:5 ! *ief has decid$ on ! j\rney he gives 8 man a ?read 7lupota71 :i* is ti$ r\nd "s "p ( 8 p]son1 z a tok5 t ! god goes along ) ! exp$ition4 ,he may give an oil vessel 7*isasi7 = a simil> purpose4 ,! man n[ takes ! necess>y supply ( food 7+a7 & fire-arms1 bids 8 wives good-bye1 & sets =? on 8 j\rney4 #ae4--;,,c]emonies ,,obs]v$ ,,by ,,! ,,wives ,,( ,,travell]s4 ,! village *ief may imm$iately call ! wives t are left beh9d1 & advise ea* "o to behave ) discretion dur+ h] husb&'s abs5ce1 z o!rwise %e may m> 8 dome/ic peace1 or ev5 cause 8 dea? 7#hb74 ,^! wives mu/ obs]ve c]ta9 cu/oms dur+ _! husb&s' abs5ce4 ,if at any "t "o ( !m h a dream %e mu/ pres5t a private (f]+4 7,9 describ+ ! wor%ip connect$ ) a j\rney1 we h be5 assum+ all along t ! exp$ition is ( int]e/ to ! village *ief4 ,?is is ne>ly always ! case1 = "o ?+ ! *ief wi%es to pray t 8 villag] may be safely re/or$ to him74 ,%\ld a man und]take a j\rney t is entirely private1 !n he may p]=m ! (f]+ himself1 or ask 8 wife to d x = him4 ,!y w\ld put d[n ! fl\r1 & wat* ! =mation ( ! cone z ! *ief does4 ,all ! p>ticul>s connect$ ) ! success & failure ( om5s are ! same1 & if !y are relatives ( ! *ief ! god invok$ is ! same4 ,if !y are n relat$ to ! *ief !y may pray n to ! god ( ! village1 b to ! god ( _! own family4 ,:ile a woman's husb& is abs5t %e goes )\t ano9t+ h] head or wa%+ h] face4 ,%e mu/ n ba!1 %e sc>cely wa%es h] arms1 %e mu/ n cut h] hair4 ,h] oil vessel 7*isasi7 is kept full ( oil till 8 return1 & may be hung up 9 ! h\se or kept by ! side ( h] b$4 ,?is neglect comm5ces1 accord+ to "s1 z soon z h] husb& has gone4 ,o!rs all[ ! moon 8to die02 !y wait = ! new moon be=e !y beg9 ?is species ( m\rn+ 7kuw9dika74 ,x cont9ues till ! husb& return4 #af4--,,kick+ ,,aga9/ ,,! ,,/umps4 ,! exp$ition has />t$ at la/--surely all det5tion f bad om5s is at an end4 ,by no means4 ,9 a few days ! lead] ( ! exp$ition may appe> at ! village ) all 8 m54 ,he has hurt 8 toe on ! /ump ( a tree 7*isi*i76 ,! natives1 9 prep>+ _! gr\nd = cultivation1 cut d[n ne>ly all ! trees4 ,!y d n cut close to ! e>? z an ,engli% =e/] w\ld d4 ,!y f9d x mu* easi] to cut ! tree at a ?9n] "p1 & leave a /ump4 ,su* /umps are all ov] ! cultivat$ l&1 & are (t5 f\nd on ! footpa?s4 ,if a sup]/iti\s man /rike 8 foot on "o ( ^! at ! beg9n+ ( an important j\rney1 he consid]s x to be om9\s ( evil4 ,:5 ,julius ,cs> 0 l&+ 9 ,africa ) 8 army1 he /umbl$ & fell4 ,?is 0 an unhappy om54 ,b 8 pres5ce ( m9d gave x ano!r turn4 ,he cri$ out1 8,oh1 ,africa1 ,i embrace !e04 ,! less sup]/iti\s natives calm _! fe>s by a simil> me?od4 ,:ile "s speak ) bat$ brea? ( ! dang] ( pick+ up a buck t di$ ( itself1 o!rs say 8,we always pick !m up & eat !m1 & are v glad to h ! *ance04 ,if a sup]/iti\s man kick aga9/ ! /umps1 !re is no hope = 8 exp$ition1 he goes back1 & ! affair is ref]r$ to ! oracle 9 ! usual way4 ,a man ^: he>t is set ^u a j\rney is sometimes wick$ en\gh to disreg>d an unfav\rable om54 ,8 m5 call 8 att5tion to x1 & he says 8,yes1 x is a v unlucky ?+2 we %all g to ! oracle z soon z we return60 ,?is is an evasion ne>ly z bad z t ( ! ,roman ,g5]al1 :o1 :5 told by ! soo?say] t ! sacr$ *ick5s w\ld n eat1 said t he w\ld make !m dr9k1 & kick$ !m ov]bo>d4 ,:e!r ! consequ5ces to ! native t treats ! om5s 9 ?is (f-h& mann] are always z s]i\s z !y 7 to ! ,roman we h n he>d4 ,! native :o has an unfav\rable om5 is n at ease 9 8 m9d2 b we ?9k t ^! sup]/itions w soon be ov]come 9 ! m9ds ( future g5]ations4 #ag4--;,,ill-,,om5$ ,,snakes4 ,"s ( ! /ronge/ sup]/itions are associat$ ) snakes4 ,if a snake ( bad om51 z a sato 7py?on7 or a lukukuti1 cross ! pa? ( a travell]1 x is a sign t he w meet ) disa/] on 8 j\rney1 & at once he returns to 8 home4 ,b if ! travell] is already on 8 return j\rney he does n g back1 b goes on to 8 village expect+ to f9d t ev]y?+ has gone wrong !re4 ,?is om5 g5]ally betok5s a dea? at ! village4 ,if ! snake is se5 on ! "r h&1 ! om5 betok5s t !re is "s dang] on t side ( ! road1 & simil>ly if ! snake is se5 on ! left4 ,reg>d+ ?is =m ( sup]/ition1 ,i once ask$ a native t /rongly pr(ess$ 8 belief 9 x1 :e!r he w\ld turn back on meet+ a snake 9 8 way if ,i gave him a lett] = ,zomba1 & told him t x _h to g on quickly4 ,he said1 8,no2 he w\ld n turn back :5 a :ite man s5t him40 ,:y8 8,because10 he said1 8y w\ld laugh at me1 & ask :y ,i _h n br\ght ! snake home = a specim560 ,:5 a sungula 7rabbit7 crosses ! pa? x betok5s t ! *ief w die4 ,!re is a great numb] ( simil> sup]/itions4 ,b x is notewor?y t !re is no su* sup]/ition ab\t ?und] z 0 among ! ,romans4 ,to !m ?und] is ev] welcome1 associat$ z x is ) refre%+ %[]s4 ,:5 ! m5 h be5 gone "s days ! villag]s conclude t ! j\rney is prosp]+--! god is accompany+ ! p>ty4 ,if ! *ief want to s5d out o!rs be=e ?is p>ty come back1 he mu/ s5d ano!r _s ) !m1 & !re w be no difficulty 9 f9d+ sev]al suitable escorts among ! spirits ( 8 deceas$ relatives4 ,aft] ! c>avan has be5 gone = "s "t ! villag]s beg9 to anticipate its return1 & to talk ( ! weal? t x w br+4 ,x may be a hunt+ exp$ition1 or a j\rney to ! coa/ to buy beads & clo?1 guns & p[d]1 9 ex*ange = gr\nd nuts1 slaves1 or ivory4 ,z ! c>avan approa*es ! village1 ! news ( its arrival goes on be=e quick z lightn+4 ,all eyes are turn$ t[>d ! direction :]e ! long abs5t ones are expect$ to appe>4 ,already "s ( ! villag]s are ru%+ =? to meet !m4 ,! return+ p>ty fires a salute2 ! guns ( ! village reply4 ,all are 9 ec/acies ( joy4 ,! wom5 run out ) h&fuls ( fl\r1 & spr9kle on ! heads ( ! return+ h]oes4 ,! c>avan goes on amid %\ts ( joy1 /raight to ! village *ief1 & deposits ! goods "u 8 c>e4 #ah4--,,?ank(f]+4 ,! *ief imm$iately makes an ackn[l$gem5t to ! _s t escort$ ! p>ty4 ,he goes to "o ( 8 wives & asks h] = fl\r t he may pres5t an (f]+4 ,he puts d[n "p ( ?is fl\r 9 ! same way z he did :5 ! exp$ition />t$4 ,!n he wets ! re/ ( ! fl\r1 & puts x d[n beside ! dry portion4 ,?is wat]-&-fl\r is supplem5t>y to ! dry (f]+ 7mesi gakwe74 ,z he pres5ts x he says1 8,n[ we are happy1 my *ildr5 h come back1 y h giv5 u mu*40 ,:5 he has f9i%$ he claps 8 h&s z a salutation to ! _s1 & retires4 ,?is expression ( ?anksgiv+ is g5]ally made 9 a private mann]4 ,,public ,,rejoic+4 ,n[ beg9s a season ( public rejoic+4 ,! :ole hamlet makes high holiday4 ,! wom5 may n[ ba!1 & cut _! hair1 & ano9t _! bodies ) oil4 ,s may _! return$ husb&s4 ,dur+ _! j\rney ^! m5 _h refra9$ f us+ salt4 ,!y 7 afraid to use x 7#hb71 = !y said1 8,p]haps our wives are n behav+ well 9 our home1 & we %all die04 ,n[ ! *ief prep>es a great banquet1 & calls a m$ic9e man1 :o puts a *>m into ! food2 ! travell]s eat ( ?is1 & h5ce=? !y may use salt freely4 ,a l>ge quantity ( be] is brew$1 & z soon z x is ready ! *ief & all 8 visitors g to ! v]&ah ( ! h\se ( ! deceas$ *ief1 :]e all l>g] (f]+s are pres5t$4 ,!y c>ry fl\r & be]1 & p]haps "s su* (f]+ z tobacco4 ,! *ief is ! fir/ to invoke ! _s say+1 8,please1 please1 ,*+'ombe10 or :atev] ! "n may be1 8"h is be] = y1 dr9k x1 we want to live well at our village1 & to dr9k 9 peace04 ,he w m5tion also ! happy circum/ances connect$ ) ! exp$ition1 & h9t mildly t :5 ano!r exp$ition is necess>y !y w look = a simil> s]vice f ! _s4 ,! si/] ( ! deceas$ *ief w also be an (f]]1 & any o!rs :o may be closely relat$4 ,!y fir/ put d[n a little (f]+ ( fl\r1 & !n ea* takes a cup ( be] to p\r on ! gr\nd z a libation4 ,aft] ! o!rs h pres5t$ _! (f]+s ! *ief f9i%es ! wor%ip by pres5t+ all t is left4 ,_m gue/s may be invit$4 ,any t happ5 to arrive be=e ! (f]+ has be5 giv5 w accompany ! p>ty t goes to pres5t x4 ,all 9 ! village may be pres5t at ?is (f]+4 ,x is a k9d ( public wor%ip4 ,:atev] may be ! rank ( 8 gue/s x is ! village *ief himself t acts z high prie/4 ,ev5 ! *ief ( ! :ole c\ntry if pres5t w\ld only /& & look on4 ,z soon z ! (f]+ is f9i%$1 ! be] dr9k+ beg9s4 ,great is ! rejoic+ 9 ! village4 ,if an exp$ition 7 unsuccessful1 if1 = in/ance1 "s "o di$ or goods 7 lo/1 in/ead ( ?is rejoic+ !re w\ld be a m\rn+4 ,! god w\ld be consid]$ to h deceiv$ !m1 & behav$ v badly4 ,aft] ! exp$ition has be5 ! occasion ( a public rejoic+1 ! god is acquitt$ ( all blame4 ,yet1 /range to say1 _m successful exp$itions ( ?is k9d--especially :5 !y h be5 to ! coa/ ) slaves & ivory--are ! mo/ un=tunate ?+s t c\ld happ5 to a di/rict4 ,soon aft] ! be] dr9k+ is ov]1 ! goods h to be divid$1 & 9 a l>ge proportion ( cases s great cont5tions arise t ! *iefs k+dom is divid$ also4 ,o!r occasions = approa*+ ! gods occur 9 cases ( sickness 7#ai7 or fam9e 7#bj74 ,on ^! we %all n dwell s long1 z ! =ego+ pr9ciples g5]ally apply4 #ai4--,,sickness4 ,:5 a man is ill he puts d[n an (f]+ to 8 deceas$ fa!r or "m1 say+1 8,i wi% to give y a sacrifice2 c y tell u :at y want8 & ,i w br+ x y04 ,he fir/ gives ?is (f]+ himself4 ,he may say1 8,i am v ill1 ,i wi% y to re/ore me2 p]haps a wit* wants to kill me1 re/ra9 ?is04 ,!n he looks = a good dream4 ,an (f]+ ( fl\r is put at ! side ( 8 pill[ to tempt ! _s to come4 ,if ! _s come n1 he tells ! *ief ( 8 village1 :o may give an (f]+ 9 l mann]1 or he may g at once to ! sorc]] 7m*isango7 & say 8,we want to see ! _s t has be5 invok$04 ,aft] mak+ inquiries1 ! sorc]] says ! _s wants su* & su*2 !n ! requir$ (f]+ is giv54 ,if ! sick man recov]1 ! matt] re/s !re4 ,9 cases t are m s]i\s1 ! sorc]] w tell him t bad spirits 7masoka7 h got into 8 h\se1 t "s "o has bewit*$ ! h\se & all 8 usual places ( resort1 t he mu/ h ano!r h\se 9 ! fields4 ,!re are o!r manife/ advantages att5d+ ?is retreat f ! busy village4 ,a h\se 9 ! fields is built & prep>$ p]haps t v day4 ,we h n kn[n _m cases :]e ! invalid ev] return$4 ,sometimes a poor consumptive pati5t1 :5 remov$ to su* a h\se1 is dr5*$ ) ra91 z ! ?at* is n s good z on ! o!r h\se4 ,,rejoic+ ,,on ,,8 ,,return4 ,great is ! rejoic+ on ! invalid's return to ! village1 if ev] he return aga94 ,mu* be] is brew$4 ,! usual sacrifices are giv5 to 8 god4 ,! recov]$ pati5t says1 8,n[ ,i am happy1 ,i h heal?2 dr9k y ?is be]04 ,mats are spread out1 he sits d[n ^u "o1 & ! physician 7ms+'anga7 is call$ to 8 side4 ,! physician p\rs be] on 8 pati5t1 & aft] t1 wat]1 & !n beg9s to %ave 8 head4 ,! physician does n pres5t any (f]+ to ! village god2 b he gives a ?ank-(f]+ at 8 own home to 8 own gods4 ,he returns ?anks t 8he f\nd m$ic9e = yond] sick man04 #bj4--,,public ,,supplication ,,= ,,ra94 ,we h se5 h[ ! natives invoke ! gods :5 !y pray = a prosp]\s exp$ition 7#ad7 & = heal? 7#ai74 ,we %all n[ see :at !y d :5 !y pray = a good crop--:i* g5]ally means1 9 _! c\ntry1 pray+ = ra94 ,:5 !re is no ra9 at ! prop] season !re ensues mu* di/ress4 ,fam9e is dread$ above all o!r evils4 ,aft] private (f]+s h all fail$ ! *ief ( ! c\ntry calls a national meet+ = supplication4 ,mu* be] is brew$ & (f]$ to ! _s4 ,! *ief addresses 8 own god2 he calls on him to look at ! sad /ate ( matt]s = himself1 & ?9k ( ! evils t are imp5d+4 ,he reque/s him to hold a meet+ ) all ! o!r gods t h an int]e/ or influ5ce 9 ! matt]4 ,a c\ncil ( ! gods is believ$ to be held1 & if any god act z an ob/ructive he is specially propitiat$ accord+ to ! direction ( ! prophetess4 ,aft] ! supplication !re is a great dance 9 hon\r ( ! god4 ,! p ?r[ up wat] t[>ds ! heav5s z a sign t x is wat] t is pray$ =4 ,!y also sme> _! bodies ) mud or *>coal to %[ t !y want 8wa%+04 ,if ra9 d n come !y mu/ wa% !mselves 9 ! riv]s or /reams4 ,if ra9 fall1 !y are soon wa%$ 9 answ] to _! pray]s4 ,:5 ! good crop foll[s1 !y pres5t z a ?anksgiv+ ! fir/ heads ( maize & "s pumpk9s4 ,be=e !y beg9 to eat ! maize !mselves "s ( ! cobs are roa/$ & (f]$ "u ! pray] tree 7#d74 ,9 small] crops1 z beans1 !re is no special (f]+4 ,9 ! ,s\? ( ,africa ! p[] ( ra9-mak+ has be5 claim$ completely by ! ra9-doctors4 ,ev5 "h ! sorc]]s h a great p[]4 ,/ill ! *ief ma9ta9s :at we ?9k mu/ h be5 8 pr]ogative 9 ! e>lie/ times4 ,does ?is n %ew t ^! races are a /age ne>] ! primitive mann]s ?an 9 ! ,s\? :]e su* a prie/hood has be5 develop$8 ,,dreams af=d ano!r occasion = (f]+s 7#da74 ,,! ,,nature ,,( ,,! ,,(f]+s4 ,,g5]al ,,(f]+s4 #ba4--,,! ,,native ,,fl\r4 ,( ! ord9>y (f]+s to ! gods 7:i* are j ! ord9>y food ( ! p71 fl\r is ! commone/4 ,! natives eat x !mselves 9 ! =m ( porridge1 b !y nev] pres5t x ?us to ! spirits except on ! day ( a p]son's dea?1 or by special reque/4 ,?is (f]+1 ?\gh common1 is n made ready )\t a great deal ( tr\ble4 ,! poor native woman seems to be occupi$ at mill+ fl\r f morn+ to night4 ,! process is l ?is--,fir/1 %e takes corn f ! cob1 puts x into a mort> ) "s wat]1 & beg9s p\nd+ to remove ! husks 7maseta74 ,^! are sep>at$ by sift+ 7kupeta74 ,%e next puts ! husk$ gra9 7msokolo7 aga9 9 ! mort>1 & does z be=e4 ,by ?is "t all ! husks are (f4 ,aft] ?is ! corn is /eep$ 9 wat] = "s "t1 :5 x is call$ ml[e4 ,?is %e puts into a mort> )\t wat]1 & p\nds aga94 ,:5 ! ?ird p\nd+ is f9i%$1 %e resorts to ano!r process ( sift+ 7kus5y5da7 & obta9s fl\r1 :i* may be brok5 d[n to any degree ( f95ess by repeat$ p\nd+4 ,_m h>d] portions 7lus5ga7 ne$ p\nd+ aga94 ,?is native fl\r is giv5 to ! spirits 7misimu7 ei!r q dry or ) a little wat] /irr$ into x4 #bb4--,,native ,,be]4 ,! be] is made f maize or millet 7,d74 ,x is n l ,engli% be]4 ,x is really a ?9 gruel1 & s]ves = food z well z = dr9k4 ,x is a v :olesome bev]age = ! natives1 & x is well t !y use x r ?an o!r /imulants4 ,! natives h a great desire = w9e or br&y 7!y apply ! ,brazilian ^w ,ka*aso to ev]y?+ ( ?is k9d74 ,we may illu/rate h[ f> ?is crav+ exi/s by m5tion+ h[ (t5 *iefs & headm5 reque/ ,ka*aso4 ,sometimes we h prep>$ a little t9cture ( g+]1 & se5 x gre$ily drunk4 ,mrs4 ,mac,donald 0 "o day cle>+ out old bottles1 a few ( :i* conta9$ lime juice 9 ! bottom1 & x 0 sad to notice h[ ! p]sons t receiv$ ^! bottles 7 entreat$ by o!rs 8to give !m "s ( ! br&y04 ,:5 a p]son 0 ?us entreat$1 ev5 aft] he _h ta/$ ! old rott5 /uff1 he said he _h only a v little = himself1 & ha/5$ away z if det]m9$ to enjoy x alone6 ,:5 we 7 on ! ,kwagwa ,riv]1 a little above ,quillimane1 mu* m]*&ise 0 br\ght1 & ! fir/ ?+ t 0 ask$ 9 paym5t 0 ka*aso4 ,! boatm5 betwe5 ,quillimane & ! ,missions 7 9 dang] ( do+ a great deal ( h>m 9 ?is way1 z !y br\ght up rum & su* /uff1 & trad$ on _! own responsibility4 ,*iefs c procure ka*aso readily en\gh1 especially f ! slave trad]s4 ,"o "t at ,blantyre !re 0 h>dly a drop ( w9e = a :ole ye>1 b ! *ief ( ,so*i _h obta9$ "s1 & s5t a mess5g] to u to ask = w9e glasses6 ,ano!r *ief t we _h op5$ up int]c\rse )1 s5t u a bottle ( rum z a return pres5t4 ,( c\rse ev]yone gives ?+s t h ?us pass$ ?r\gh ! h&s ( ! natives ! cold %\ld]1 z x is n kn[n :at !y are made (6 ,! temptation to drunk5ness is "o ( ! mo/ t]rible t ! c\ntry c be expos$ to4 ,! natives g d[n be=e ?is temptation at once4 ,a great deal ( _! dr9k+ is an ap+ ( ! mann]s ( ,europeans z se5 on ! coa/4 ,we ?9k t ! civilisation ( ?is race %\ld be accompli%$ by total ab/a9]s if possible4 ,p :o tamp] ) ! natives by (f]+ !m br&y or by mix+ w9e & rum t !y may make !m drunk = _! own amusem5t1 are exce$+ly ?\ghtless4 ,9 ?is c\ntry1 un=tunately1 any "o c sell z mu* liquor z he likes )\t pay+ any lic5se3 & ! effect ( dr9k+ br&y or su* /imulants is sometimes v deplorable4 ,"o ( ! ,magololo ,*iefs or ,headm51 z report$ to me1 seem$ to g q mad :5 he receiv$ a supply ( br&y4 ,he w5t ab\t kill+ 8 p = ! purpose ( amusem5t1 mu* 9 ! mann] ( ,k+ ,mtesa4 ,on su* occasions !re us$ to be a great ru% ( p to ! ,mission1 repres5t+ t _! *ief _h drunk br&y1 _h kill$ v _m ( _! fri5ds1 & want$ to kill !m4 ,!y implor$ ! protection ( ! ,mission 9 ! mo/ e>ne/ mann]4 #bc4--,,! ,,effects ,,( ,,native ,,be]4 ,b ! native be] does n produce su* s]i\s consequ5ces1 al?\gh _m fights & w>s arise out ( x4 ,"o mu/ dr9k a great deal be=e x intoxicates1 & by ! "t a man has consum$ half a b>rel ( gruel he w be m incl9$ to sleep ?an to qu>rel4 ,%\ld he simply talk nons5se1 8 m sob] fri5ds pay little att5tion to him4 ,at a great be]-dr9k+ ! gue/s may lie d[n & sleep :]e !y 7 dr9k+4 ,:at d ! natives ?9k ( ! crime ( drunk5ness8 ,:5 ask$1 8,d y say a man has a bad he>t if he gets drunk on be]80 !y reply 8,no2 he may n h a bad he>t04 ,b on fur!r que/ion+ !y insi/ t su* a man has c]ta9ly 8a v bad head60 #bd4--;,,be] ,,z ,,an ,,(f]+4 ,we h se5 h[ ! fl\r is us$1 bo? z an (f]+ & z a sort ( oracle accord+ to ! way 9 :i* x falls--accord+ z x =ms a cone or n4 ,! be] may be us$ 9 ! same way1 bo? z (f]+ & oracle4 ,if :5 p\r$ on ! gr\nd x s9k into "o spot z x w\ld d 9 s&y soil1 !n ! deity receives x1 b if x spread ov] ! gr\nd !re is a bad om54 ,be]-dr9k+s may be held on ! conclusion ( fav\rable j\rneys & on _m o!r occasions4 ,besides !re may be be] dr9k+ )\t any special reason1 z :5 a man wants to treat 8 fri5ds3 b ev5 9 ?is case !re is an (f]+4 ,z soon z ! be] is ready ! man goes to ! village *ief & c>ries "s ) him4 ,! village *ief pres5ts ?is (f]+ to ! village god4 ,!re is no special pray]1 except 8,i want t my be] may be sweet04 ,aft] ! village *ief comes back f ! (f]+ he dr9ks "s ( ! be] himself1 & decl>es ! fea/ op54 ,among o!rs ! cu/om is simply = ! brew] ( be] himself to put d[n a little 9 8 own h\se1 ) a pray] to ! _s t 8 be] may be sweet4 #be4--,,special ,,(f]+s4 ,all ! (f]+s are suppos$ to po9t to "s wants ( ! _s4 ,if a _s 7 to come say+1 8,i want calico10 8 fri5ds w\ld 8j say t he 0 mad10 & w\ld n give x4 8,:y %\ld he want calico8 ,:at w\ld he d ) x8 ,!re 0 calico buri$ ) him :5 he di$1 & he _c ne$ m aga940 ,b if ! reque/ is at all reasonable 7z :5 an old hunt] asks animal food71 x w be quickly att5d$ to1 & p]sonal ta/e c>efully consult$4 ,9 cases ( ?is k9d !y may anticipate 8 wi%es4 ,:5 a deceas$ smok] wants tobacco 8 wor%ipp]s put x on a plate & set fire to x4 ,if a _s ask a h\se !y w build him "o4 ,x is a g5]al rule t ^! special (f]+s are 9 answ] to special reque/s1 & su* special reque/s are made kn[n ei!r by ! oracle 7*isango71 or by dreams1 or by ! prophetess4 ,! reque/s ( a m s]i\s "*1 involv+ ! sacrifice ( human be+s1 are made kn[n *iefly ?r\gh ! prophetess 7#e1 #c74 ,ne> ,lake ,mo]e ! p h idols t repres5t a dep>t$ fa!r or "m4 ,!y pres5t !m ) be]1 fl\r1 bhang1 & light a fire = !m to smoke by4--7,liv+/one74 ,we %all n[ say a little ab\t su* special (f]+s & ! way ( pres5t+ !m4 #bf4--,,(f]+ ,,( ,a ,,f[l4 ,!y g5]ally kill ! f[l by wr++ its neck4 ,"s speak ( cutt+ its ?roat1 & mak+ ! blood fl[ d[n4 ,?is is ak9 to an ,arab me?od1 b z ! natives practice _! (f]+s ?is cu/om is nei!r ess5tial nor common4 ,:5 ! f[l is kill$ !y simply lay x d[n at ! pray] tree 7#d74 ,if x be tak5 away dur+ ! night ! _s has accept$ x4 ,if x be kn[n to h be5 c>ri$ away by a leop>d1 ! leop>d 0 commission$ by ! _s1 or if ! deceas$ 0 a hunt] he may himself h tak5 ! =m ( a leop>d4 ,! f[l may lie till ! ants eat x1 & ! (f]]s are q satisfi$4 ,?is f[l may be giv5 uncook$1 or x may be ei!r roa/$ or boil$ z indicat$ 9 ! reque/ made = x4 #bg4--,,(f]+ ,,( ,a ,,goat4 ,a goat may be (f]$ 9 ! same way1 only x is n likely t ! :ole animal w be giv51 unless ! (f]] is v ri*4 ,"o leg is usually s5t to ! _s1 :ile ! rema9d] is eat5 by ! villag]s !mselves4 ,9 conv]s+ ) natives on ^! (f]+s1 we h (t5 inquir$ :e!r ! p]son t advises ! (f]+ may n sometimes appropriate x1 & ?us *eat ! _s = :om x 0 int5d$4 ,we h (t5 ?\ght t ! bones ( ^! (f]+s might play a great "p 9 ! sup]/itions connect$ ) cannibalism & wit*craft 7#ajg74 ,! same might be said ( ! bones ( human be+s 7#bh7 t are ?us sacrific$2 b ! bones ( ! l[] animals w\ld d z well = impos+ on natives1 :o are n anatomi/s en\gh to "k ! diff]5ce4 ,x is n consid]$ necess>y t ^! (f]+s be tak5 away by ! spirits4 ,x is suffici5t t !y are plac$ !re1 & t ! spirits may come & lick !m4 #bh4--,,(f]+s ,,( ,,human ,,be+s4 ,sometimes ! prophetess w ann\nce t ! _s dem&s ! (f]+ ( a man or a woman4 ,z soon z ?is intimation has be5 giv5 all set ^u ! victim t may h be5 indicat$4 ,if want$ = a deity resid+ on a m\nta91 ! victim is /ripp$1 8 g>m5ts are cut up into n>r[ b&s1 ) :i* ! legs & arms are secur$4 ,! victim is n kill$1 b ti$ to a tree4 ,if a bea/ ( prey come dur+ ! night & dev\r ! un=tunate be+ ! deity has accept$ ! (f]+4 ,:]e wild animals are n abundant a little h\se is built on ! hill side1 & ! p]son ) 8 legs & arms securely fa/5$1 is put inside & left to die ( hung]4 ,if ! deity live beside a lake or riv]1 ! man or woman1 aft] be+ /ripp$1 & hav+ ! legs & arms securely fa/5$1 is ti$ to a l>ge /one & ?r[n into ! lake or riv]4 ,! crocodiles may seize ! (f]+ at once1 b 9 any case dea? is ! c]ta9 result1 z ! /one prev5ts ! victim f swimm+4 ,! victims 9 su* cases are usually slaves2 b if a freeman 7 to set fire to ! grass or re$s beside a lake1 & cause a great conflagration close to ! *os5 abode ( ! deity1 he is liable to be (f]$ up to ! god t is ?us annoy$2 b if he be ! own] ( _m slaves he c easily r$eem himself1 "o ( 8 slaves w be (f]$ in/ead1 & some?+ paid to ! prophetess to facilitate ! transaction4 ,! va/ immolations ( human be+s made at ! grave ( a *ief we %all consid] "u ano!r head+ 7#cb74 ,,*apt] ,v4 ,,c]emonies ,,connect$ ,,) ,,dea?4 8,qualis vita ,f9is ita40 #bi4--,,transition ,,f ,,! ,,sup]natural4 ,we h n[ spok5 ( ! gods--_! nature & numb]--_! prophets & prie/s1 ! occasions ( _! wor%ip1 & ! nature ( ! (f]+s4 ,?is f9i%es :at we h to say on ! sup]natural4 ,be=e desc5d+ to ! natural1 we %all cross ! d>k bord]-l& t lies betwe54 ,?is bord]-l& is ,dea? 7#cj-dc74 ,by & by we %all rea* :at we may call ! ,natural 7#dd & seq47 ,by ! "t we rea* section #ajc we %all h br\ght be=e ! read] _m ?+s t he may class z ! ,unnatural4 ,to %ew t !re is no?+ s v unusual among ^! ,african tribes1 let u rem>k t 9 t model ( anci5t civilisation--! ,roman ,republic--prison]s 7 sla9 at ! tombs ( h]oes t fell 9 battle1 & slaves 7 sacrific$ at ! fun]als ( all ri* p4 ,! advance ( civilisation all[$ su* victims to kill ea* o!r1 :5 ! cu/om gave rise to ! exhibition ( gladiators4 #cj4--;,,illness4 ,we h se5 already 7#ai7 t a sick man may be remov$ f 8 village to a solit>y hut 9 ! fields1 & t he may return 9 good heal?2 b v (t5 :5 a man leaves 8 village = ?is solitude he nev] comes back4 ,we h m5tion$ t ! div9] or oracle-man may be able to cope ) ! wit* :o is ! ma9 cause ( ! man's illness1 b v (t5 ! div9] fails entirely1 & ! disease takes its c\rse4 ,!re is ano!r man1 ! h]bali/ or physician 7jua s+'anga7 t is (t5 call$ 91 & to :om we h already allud$2 he c>ries on 8 cures by ! use ( *>ms1 :i* 9 _m cases are really m$ic9es 7,i74 ,:5 a p]son is sick 8 fri5ds g 9 se>* ( a physician4 ,!y g5]ally c>ry a pres5t = him4 ,he consid]s = a little1 & gives 8 answ] :i* may be1 8,i refuse to att5d ?is pati5t2 ,i _c d y any good4 ,! wit* t has tak5 him on h& has m$ic9e m p[]ful ?an m9e40 ,on o!r occasions he is m hopeful1 & w try4 ,he goes to ! woods & ! fields & se>*es = m$ic9es1 & !n comes ) !m to 8 pati5t4 ,if ! pati5t recov] ! m$ic9] gets a l>ge fee1 b if ! pati5t die he gets no?+2 on ! contr>y1 an unsuccessful physician may be accus$ ( murd]1 & we h kn[n a great f9e paid = ! crime4 ,we only knew ( "o case ( ?is k9d1 & ! victim 0 an ,engli% doctor4 ,we d n ?9k ! occurr5ce is at all s likely 9 purely native cases4 ,b 9 o!r p>ts ( ,africa a m$ic9] may pay = ! pati5t's dea? ) 8 own life4 ,all ! natives soon become v di%e>t5$ :5 !y fall sick1 *iefly ow+ to ! fe> t !y h become ! prey ( "s cruel wit*4 #ca4--;,,dea?4 ,e *>m has fail$1 ! att5dants see t ! end is ne>1 ! sick man too is aw>e t he is leav+ ?is _w4 ,9 civilis$ c\ntries _m a man toils = fame4 ,he w\ld reg>d himself happy if he 7 sure t he w\ld be rememb]$ aft] dea?4 ,! dy+ man be=e u has ?is fame ready made = him4 ,he kn[s t aft] 8 dea? he w be wor%ipp$ z a god4 ,does ?is make 8 dea? b$ happi]8 ,d 8 la/ ?\ghts turn ) delight to ! prospect8 ,alas1 no6 ,! poor man w\ld live long] if he c\ld1 & ! la/ desire he expresses is g5]ally ?is1 8,y w take c>e ( my *ildr5 :5 ,i am 9 ! grave10 !n he ent]s on ! d>k j\rney alone4 #cb4--,,slaves ,,escort ,,! ,,deceas$4 ,did we say he w5t =? alone8 ,?is %all n be1 if 8 fri5ds c help x4 ,8 dea? mu/ be conceal$ = a few m9utes4 ,if he be a man ( "s prop]ty 9 slaves1 & belong to a c]ta9 family ( ! ,wayao tribe 7say to ! ,ab&a or ! ,amilansi71 he w h a great _m slaves to accompany him4 ,"s ( ! att5dants leave ! dead man at once4 ,if any ( 8 slaves are sitt+ outside ! h\se !y are told t _! ma/] is bett]1 t he is do+ well2 b sudd5ly a capture beg9s1 & _m slaves ( ! deceas$ are made fa/ 9 slave /icks4 ,:5 _! ma/] is buri$ !y w be put 9 ! grave along ) him4 ,?is t]rible cu/om does n prevail among all ! families ( ! ,wayao tribe1 b :]e x does1 z _m z t5 slaves may be kill$ to foll[ an important *ief1 & r few] to accompany "o :o is n s ri*4 ,kap5i1 a *ief t belongs to ! ,ab&a family1 told me t he 0 go+ to give up ?is cu/om n[ because ( ! ,engli%2 b n a few ( ! slave refugees at ,blantyre h run away f 8 dom9ions to escape ! dreadful fate4 ,?\gh ! *ief 7 oppos$ to ! practice himself1 he w\ld n regul>ly int]f]e betwe5 8 p & _! own slaves or goods4 ,x is said t ! slaves mu/ be caught be=e !y h tak5 "p 9 ! m\rn+4 ,?is furni%es "o escape = !m4 ,if !y run away & /ay till ! fun]al rites are ov]1 !y w be comp>atively safe on _! return4 ,b !y are liable to be s5t aft] _! ma/] 7#bh7 if he %\ld ask = !m4 ,! practice ( s5d+ mess5g]s to ! _w beyond ! grave is f\nd on ! ,we/ ,coa/4 ,a *ief summons a slave1 deliv]s to him a message1 & !n cuts (f 8 head4 ,if ! *ief =get any?+ t he want$ to say1 he s5ds ano!r slave z a 8po/script04 #cc4--,,wail+ ,,at ,,! ,,door4 ,if ! man d n belong to ! families t require an 8escort10 ! m\rn+ beg9s z soon z he is dead4 ,!re is no /ratagem practis$ = cat*+ slaves4 ,"o ( 8 wives has likely be5 9 att5dance1 & %e w raise ! sad wail1 :i* is he>d af> (f1 & is easily recognis$4 ,a great assembly ( m\rn]s is soon collect$4 ,! m\rn+ consi/s ( pla9tive *ants1 drumm+1 & danc+4 ,if p[d] be available a great _m guns are fir$ t p at a di/ance may say1 8!re is a m\rn+ 9 yond] village04 ,?is is call$ ! 8m\rn+ at ! door0 ( ! h\se 7ku mlango71 & cont9ues until ! deceas$ is buri$1 :i* may be 9 "o or two days4 ,9 ! case ( an important p]son1 ! m\rn+ at ! door may be cont9u$ = five or t5 days1 or ev5 = a mon?4 ,9 m\rn+ ! ,wayao put fl\r on _! heads1 ! ,a*ikunda1 ,i h obs]v$1 do+ ?is at :at 0 q an ord9>y dance1 s f> z ,i c\ld see4 ,! ,anyasa put /rips ( b>k r\nd _! arms & v>i\s p>ts ( _! body4 ,if x be a *ief t has di$ !y use /rips ( clo? in/ead4 ,"o "t we tri$ to buy "s badges ( m\rn+1 made ( plait$ grass1 b 7 told t ! we>]s w\ld n "p ) !m4 ,!y are worn till !y fall (f4 #cd4--,,! ,,und]tak]s--,,_! ,,duties ,,at ,,! ,,h\se4 ,soon aft] life is ext9ct ! und]tak]s 7awilo7 are s5t =4 ,!y are g5]ally two 9 numb]4 ,z a rule !y are n relatives ( ! deceas$1 ?\gh f ! d]ivation ( _! "n ,i ?9k !y may h be5 s orig9ally 7kuwila1 comp>e juakuwilwa1 b]eav$74 ,"s make x a po9t t ! und]tak]s mu/ n h se5 ! deceas$ dur+ 8 illness1 b ?is is n univ]sally obs]v$4 ,9 "s families ! slaves ( ! deceas$ are ! und]tak]s1 & ! slaves ( a deceas$ *ief may inve/ 8 successor ) ! insignia ( (fice4 ,! und]tak]s wa% ! body 7mtembo7 ( ! deceas$4 ,= ?is purpose !y use wat] f ! /ream--! ord9>y wat] us$ at ! village 7if ! deceas$ be a woman h] body is fir/ p>tially wa%$ by female att5dants74 ,!y close ! eyes2 "s fail 9 ?is1 & are consid]$ unskilful4 ,!y dress ! body 9 calico1 cov]+ x all except ! eyes & ! upp] "p ( ! face1 :i* may be left uncov]$ until !y are on ! po9t ( c>ry+ x to ! gravey>d4 ,!y tie up ! deceas$ 9 a mat1 ! v mat :i* 0 8 dea?b$4 ,! ,wayao are buri$ ) ! legs b5t1 ! ,wanyasa ) ! legs /raight4 ,:5 all ^! c]emonies h be5 f9i%$1 ! und]tak]s come out ( ! h\se & wa% _! h&s1 n 9 ord9>y wat] b 9 wat] ( m$ic9e1 8because !y h&l$ a corpse04 #ce4--,,prolong$ ,,wail+4 ,if ! wail+ is to cont9ue = a long "t !y procure ! b>k ( a l>ge tree & encase ! body !re94 ,! body is !n set 9 a position ne>ly upright2 a hole is dug 9 ! floor ( ! h\se s t ! putrid matt] may drop 7kusulula7 into x4 ,%\ld ! body be 9 an advanc$ /ate ( decomposition1 !y burn ,indian hemp 7*amba71 & c>ry beside x on ! way to ! grave1 ?is is done to neutralise ! smell4 ,b 9 cases ( prolong$ m\rn+ ! deceas$ is (t5 buri$ 9 8 own h\se4 #cf4--;,,dea? ,,9 ,,w>4 ,if a man be kill$ 9 w>1 8 fri5ds1 if !y c procure 8 body at all1 d n 8%[ x at ! village10 b bury x on ! w> pa?4 ,if 8 enemies f9d ! body !y disemb[el x & cut (f ! head1 tak+ c]ta9 p>ts = *>ms4 ,enemies all[ no burial1 b ca/ =? ! mangl$ rema9s to ! vultures & o!r c>rion eat]s4 ,:5 a man is w\nd$ 9 an engagem5t he is c>ri$ back1 n to 8 own dwell+--!re are bad spirits 9 x--b to a little hut made ready = him 9 ! bu% 7#ai7 at "s di/ance f ! village4 ,if a p]son die ?r\gh dr9k+ mwai 7& ?is con/itutes an enorm\s p]c5tage ( ! old] natives71 he is d5i$ ! ord9>y rights ( sepulture4 ,sev]al ye>s ago ! burn+ ( wit*es 0 practis$4 ,at pres5t ?is w\ld n be done unless ! wit* refus$ ! poison$ cup1 :i* %e is1 on ! contr>y1 mo/ eag] to dr9k to %[ h] innoc5ce4 #cg4--;,,j\rney ,,to ,,! ,,grave4 ,:5 ! #8m\rn+ at ! door' is f9i%$ !y proce$ to ! grave4 ,a l>ge bamboo is pass$ along ! body1 & projects beyond ! c(f9 or mat 7ugono71 bo? beh9d & be=e1 & ! body is c>ri$ %\ld] high4 ,"o ( ! und]tak]s c>ries at ! head1 & ! o!r at ! feet4 ,! und]tak]s h ! *>ge ( c>ry+ ! body to ! grave1 al?\gh o!rs may assi/1 b !re is n s mu* *ang+ z is se5 9 ,scot* fun]als4 ,a l>ge procession ( m5 & wom5 n[ set =? to foll[ ! deceas$ to 8 la/ re/+ place4 ,!y h a drum ) !m1 & m>* to c]ta9 v pla9tive & n unmelodi\s *ants4 ,"s ( ! m5 c>ry hoes to dig ! grave1 & a small b[l or basket 7*iselo7 to ?r[ out ! e>?4 ,!y c>ry also an axe to prep>e palisades = ! sides ( ! grave4 ,! wom5 foll[ 9 ! re>1 c>ry+ "s porridge1 ) ! usual reli% 7mboga71 z also a pot ( be]4 ,x is n e "o t is all[$ to foll[ ! fun]al procession--a p]son t has n be5 at ! my/]ies may n g4 ,?us a boy ( six ye>s may h a bro!r or a playmate die1 b he w n be all[$ to accompany ! fun]al p>ty4 ,no "o t is v closely relat$ to ! deceas$ w g to ! grave4 ,a fa!r w n g to ! fun]al ( 8 *ild1 nor a husb& to t ( 8 wife2 b1 9 cases ( pov]ty :]e !re is difficulty 9 employ+ und]tak]s1 or if ! dea? take place on a j\rney1 ! ne>e/ relatives h to be pres5t at ! fun]al rites2 b 9 ord9>y circum/ances1 if !y foll[ ! rema9s at all1 !y turn back at ! *ikomo1 t is1 ! pa? t leads f ! village to ! ma9 road4 ,a "m is all[$ to g to ! fun]al ( h] *ild only if x die 9 infancy4 ,"o reason :y ! *ief relative ( ! deceas$ does n g to ! grave is t he has to prosecute ! wit* t caus$ ! dea?3 go+ to ! grave w\ld unfit him = ! task4 #ch4--;,,digg+ ,,! ,,grave4 ,! grave is n dug nor m>k$ out at all1 till ! fun]al p>ty arrive4 ,on _! arrival ! body is laid d[n on ! gr\nd "u ! %ade ( a l>ge tree1 & ! grave-digg+ beg9s4 ,z hoes are ! implem5ts us$1 ! process takes a long "t4 ,x (t5 beg9s ab\t noon1 & is n conclud$ till night4 ,no "o ent]s ! grave except ! und]tak]s4 ,aft] a suffici5t dep? has be5 rea*$ !y br+ =w>d ! body to measure :e!r ! size & %ape ( ! grave w exactly suit4 ,aft] ?is measur+ is complet$ ! body is aga9 laid aside out ( ! hot rays ( ! sun4 ,by & by o!r m5 are at "w ) an axe cutt+ pieces ( trees to =m a k9d ( palisade r\nd ! inside ( ! grave4 ,! %ap+ ( ^! /icks takes a long "t4 ,! /ructure :5 f9i%$ resembles ! pil+ us$ to keep ! banks ( a riv] f fall+ 9 or be+ wa%$ away4 ,x =ms ! sides ( a /rong wood5 h\se :i* is erect$ ov] ! body4 ,:5 ^! po/s h be5 securely fix$ two =k$ /icks are driv5 into ! gr\nd1 "o at ea* end ( ! grave4 ,! body is !n l[]$1 & ! =k$ /icks receive ! project+ p>ts ( ! bamboo t c>ri$ x to ! grave4 ,! body :5 l[]$ is susp5d$ betwe5 ^! =k$ /icks1 & rema9s hang+ )\t t\*+ ! gr\nd4 ,o!r logs are put above s z to =m ! ro( ( ?is /rong wood5 h\se1 & aft]w>ds ! e>? is fill$ 92 only be=e fill+ x 9 !y h c]ta9 articles to bury ) ! deceas$4 ,! wood5 h\se is = ! purpose ( keep+ away ! wit* :o caus$ ! dea?1 & :o n[ wi%es to eat ! fle% ( h] victim4 ,x s]ves to keep away c>rion eat]s ( all k9ds1 = ! wit* may assume ! %ape ( a hy5a4 #ci4--,,(f]+s ,,at ,,! ,,grave4 ,along ) ! deceas$ is buri$ a consid]able "p ( 8 prop]ty4 ,we h already se5 t 8 b$ is buri$ ) him1 s also are all 8 clo!s4 ,if he possesses sev]al tusks ( ivory "o tusk or m is gr\nd 7siaga7 to a p[d] betwe5 two /ones & put beside him4 ,beads are also gr\nd d[n 9 ! same way4 ,^! precautions are tak5 to prev5t ! wit* f mak+ any use ( ! ivory or beads4 ,if ! deceas$ own$ sev]al slaves an enorm\s hole is dug = a grave4 ,! slaves t 7 caught imm$iately on 8 dea? are n[ br\ght =w>d4 ,!y may be ei!r ca/ into ! pit alive1 or ! und]tak]s may cut all _! ?roats4 ,! body ( _! ma/] or _! mi/ress is !n laid d[n to re/ above !irs1 & ! grave is cov]$ 94 ,aft] ?is ! wom5 come =w>d ) ! (f]+s ( food1 & place at ! head ( ! grave4 ,! di%es 9 :i* ! food 0 br\ght are left beh9d4 ,! pot t held ! dr9k+ wat] ( ! deceas$ & 8 dr9k+ cup are also left ) him4 ,^!1 too1 might be covet$ by ! wit*1 b a hole is pi]c$ 9 ! pot1 & ! dr9k+ calaba% is brok54 ,! man has n[ gone f ! society ( ! liv+1 & he is expect$ to %>e ! meal ?us left at 8 grave ) ^? t h gone be=e him4 ,! fun]al p>ty breaks up2 !y d n want to visit ! grave ( _! fri5d aga9 )\t a v good reason4 ,any "o f\nd among ! graves may be tak5 = a cannibal 7#ajg74 ,_! fri5d has become a citiz5 ( a diff]5t village4 ,he is ) all 8 relatives ( ! pa/4 ,he is entitl$ to (f]+s or pres5ts1 :i* may come to him individually or ?r\gh 8 *ief4 ,^! (f]+s 9 mo/ cases he w %>e ) o!rs1 j z he us$ to d :5 alive 7#aj74 #dj4--,,tak+ ,,d[n ,,! ,,h\se4 8,x is unclean4 ,& he %all break d[n ! h\se 444 & he %all c>ry !m 7! /ones1 timb]1 & mort>7 =? out ( ! city into an unclean place40--,,lev4 xiv41 #dd1 #de4 ,! day aft] ! rema9s h be5 committ$ to ! grave ! und]tak]s see to ! de/ruction ( ! h\se t 0 occupi$ by ! dead man4 ,! h\se ( ! deceas$ is always tak5 d[n :e!r he di$ 9 x or n4 ,no "o w live 9 t h\se on any consid]ation4 ,! _s 7,mulungu7 ( ! deceas$ w\ld be v angry ) ! man :o did s1 & w\ld say1 8,?is man is glad t ,i di$ t he might ent] my h\se04 ,if he possess$ a great _m h\ses x is ! h\se ( 8 pr9cipal wife t he is mo/ id5tifi$ )4 ,h] h\se is tak5 d[n1 & ! h\ses ( 8 o!r wives are left4 ,! fabric is demoli%$ v effectually4 ,! f\ndations are dug out ( ! gr\nd4 ,any rema9s ( ! deceas$ man's food1 ! a%es ( 8 fire1 & ! ?at* ( ! ro( are c>ri$ away & burn$ at a cross road 7malekano7 t ! _s ( ! deceas$1 or ! evil spirits t caus$ 8 dea?1 may ent] "s ( ^! pa?s4 ,:5 ! h\se is brok5 d[n1 ! p>ts ( x n c>ri$ away are buri$1 ! place :]e x /ood is swept all ov]1 fre% e>? is put on1 ! spot is consid]$ sacr$4 ,all ! *ildr5 are w>n$ t !y mu/ n play on ?is gr\nd4 ,a pot is put d[n to receive (f]+s ( be]1 & :5 any special (f]+ is giv5 to ! deceas$ x is usually pres5t$ "h 7#d74 ,if ?is place become too public 7z :5 *ildr5 play ne> & s5d du/ into ! pot71 ! pot w be plac$ "u a tree at a little di/ance f ! village4 ,! man may be buri$ 9 8 own dwell+4 ,9 ?is case ! h\se is n tak5 d[n1 b is g5]ally cov]$ ) clo?1 & ! v]&ah becomes ! place = pres5t+ (f]+s4 ,8 old h\se ?us becomes a k9d ( temple 7*ilisi *a nguo74 ,!re may be cases also :]e ! deceas$ is buri$ 9 ! village1 al?\gh n 9 8 own h\se4 ,9 su* cases a new h\se w be rais$ above ! rema9s4 ,:5 ! h\se is tak5 d[n ! fun]al rites 7mtembo7 are f9i%$4 ,an important feature 9 ^! obs]vances is t ! relatives ( ! deceas$ h _! heads %av$4 ,!re are a great _m absurd regulations t c\ld n be publi%$1 ) ref]5ce to bury+ ! hair4 ,"s ( x is buri$ at ! place :]e ! h\se ( ! deceas$ /ood4 ,a second %av+ takes place aft] _! hair gr[s aga9 7#dc74 ,:5 a *ief or headman dies ! village is (t5 entirely =sak54 #da4--;,,canonis$4 ,! deceas$ is n[ 9 ! _s _w1 & receives (f]+s & adoration4 ,he is address$ z 8,our great _s t has gone be=e40 7,msimu wetu wokulungwa ulongolele74 ,he has n[ a c]ta9 p[] ov] ! lives & de/9ies ( 8 surviv+ relatives4 ,if any "o dream ( him x is at once conclud$ t ! _s is 8up to some?+04 ,v likely he wants to h "s ( ! survivors = 8 companions4 ,! dream] ha/5s to appease ! _s by an (f]+4 #db4--;,,cont9uance ,,( ,,m\rn+4 ,b ! m\rn+1 z di/9ct f ! fun]al rites1 is n yet f9i%$4 ,! surviv+ relatives d n wa% _! faces or ano9t _! bodies ) oil1 nei!r d !y cut _! hair until ! great day ( ! second %av+ 7#dc74 ,sometimes !y eat no salt1 use no w>m food1 & dr9k no be]4 ,cases ( ?is k9d are among ! ne>e/ approa*es to fa/+ t we met ) 9 ! c\ntry4 ,if a fri5d come to see !m he w get 8 porridge w>m1 b ! m\rn]s wait until !irs cool4 ,on ! day ( ! wail+ at ! door ! und]tak]s may give a disp5sation f "s ( ^! p5alties by putt+ salt 9 a common mess ( food4 ,if a man h be5 abs5t f ?is disp5sation he mu/ foll[ cu/oms l ! above4 ,! duration ( ?is m\rn+ may be two mon?s1 or ev5 m4 ,! *ief ( ! c\ntry1 especially if relat$ to ! deceas$ 7:i* he may well be if ! deceas$ 0 a man ( great influ5ce71 may h a voice 9 det]m9+ h[ long ! m\rn+ is to cont9ue4 ,9 m humble life ! relative ( mo/ influ5ce w\ld be consult$4 #dc4--;,,end ,,( ,,m\rn+4 ,aft] two or ?ree mon?s h pass$1 !re is a great ga!r+4 ,?is is ! day on :i* ! m\rn+ is =mally end$4 ,already y he> !m beg9n+ to s+ 8,iya6 iya6 ungolele ukana20 to :i* ! response is1 8,o manja o10 :ile ! und]tak]s respond1 8,o ,kangolele40 ,?is is1 9 fact1 q a dr9k+ song1 l 8,willie brew$ a peck o' maut10 & %[s t ! p>ty are n to sit & m\rn = ev]4 ,on ?is day mu* be] is br\ght1 & ! deceas$'s _s is especially rememb]$1 & is consid]$ to p>take 9 ! fe/ivities4 ,! und]tak]s come back4 ,"o ( _! duties is to see to ! second %av+ ( ! heads ( ! dead man's relatives4 ,!y take (f a little ( ! hair 9 ! front & a little on ! back ( ! head 7kukawa71 & o!rs complete ! %av+4 ,! hair is buri$ aga9 at ! h\se1 :]e ! deceas$ relative receives 8 (f]+s1 or 9 ! bu%4 ,,ent]+ ,,on ,,inh]itance4 ,on ! day ( ! second %av+ ! successors ( ! deceas$ ent] ^u _! inh]itance4 ,!y take possession ( ! deceas$ man's wives & :atev] prop]ty he may h4 ,?is day is a great m>riage fea/ 9 "o aspect4 ,n[ ! s]vices ( ! und]tak]s are at an end2 !y h be5 fea/$ sumptu\sly ?r\gh\t1 & are n[ paid4 ,,*apt] ,,vi4 ,,*ildhood ,,& ,,y\?4 #dd4--;,,bir?4 ,:5 ! "t ( a *ild's bir? draws ne>1 ! "m does n /ay 9 h] h\se1 or ev5 9 ! village4 ,accompani$ by "o or two female fri5ds1 %e goes =? to seek ! retirem5t ( ! great =e/4 ,z a rule %e w soon be able to return1 b if ! deliv]y be protract$ x is usual to apply to a physician1 :o s5ds a m$ic9e to dr9k1 :i* is view$ z a *>m4 ,?\gh ! native wom5 are g5]ally h>dy1 x w\ld n d to assume t !y are entirely made ( iron4 ,_m poor wom5 suff] sev]ely1 & die 9 ! bu%1 ! *ild be+ g5]ally unborn4 #de4--,,! ,,infant4 ,on ! bir? ( ! *ild1 "o ( ! female fri5ds takes x & c>ries x to ! village4 ,! "m is able to accompany on foot4 ,9 ! case ( a fir/-born *ild1 ! p>ty is met ) consid]able rejoic+1 9 :i* ! gr&mo!r ( ! *ild takes a prom95t "p1 & raises ! song1 ,ngwete *isukulu none se*elele1 8,i h got a gr&*ild1 let me rejoice04 ,on arriv+1 "m & *ild are put into a h\se1 :]e !y /ay f ?ree to six days4 ,no "o ent]s _! abode except ! eld] wom5 7a*akulungwa74 ,aft] ?is !re is ! c]emony ( introduc+ ! *ild into ! _w--br++ out ! little /rang] to public notice4 ,! head ( ! "m is %av$1 z also ! head ( ! *ild4 ,! *ild is n[ nam$4 ,bo? "m & *ild come out ( ! h\se1 & are receiv$ ) rejoic+1 at :i* ! eld] wom5 are pres5t4 ,! "m has receiv$ a m$ic9e or *>m1 9 :i* ! *ild has to be wa%$ = a great _m mon?s to come4 ,if ! *ild %\ld die be=e be+ br\ght out ( ! h\se x receives no m\rn+4 ,! relatives d n %ave _! heads on acc\nt ( x1 nor d !y pres5t (f]+s to its _s4 ,b if x has be5 br\ght out ( ! h\se1 ev5 if x %\ld survive b a v %ort "t1 ! usual m\rn+ is held1 & (f]+s are pres5t$ to x1 especially by ! "m4 ,su* a d5iz5 ( ! _s _w is suppos$ to be able to affect ! =tunes ( ! survivors2 besides1 x may be v p[]ful 9 int]c$+ ) ! old] spirits 7#aj74 ,sev]al ,african cu/oms ) ref]5ce to "y *ildr5 rem9d u ( ! well-kn[n sup]/ition ab\t 8,*angel+s04 #df4--,,nam+4 ,! *ild receives a "n1 :i* x reta9s until x goes to ! my/]ies4 ,! "n is giv5 by ! relatives3 if a female *ild is betro!d %e may be nam$ by h] future husb&4 ,! "n ! *ild receives may be det]m9$ by "s circum/ance connect$ ) its bir?1 z 9 ! case ( ,jacob or ,joseph1 or su* ,scripture names4 ,sometimes x is nam$ aft] o!r relatives ( ! family1 z is ! cu/om 9 ,brita94 ,! p]son :o receives a "n at ! my/]ies has "s *oice 9 det]m9+ :at he w be call$4 ,we knew a boy :o assum$ mu* at 8 own in/ance ! "n ( ,kalikalanje1 ! h]o ab\t :om !re are s _m native tales1 rem9d+ "o ( ! class ( tales t ,jack ! ,giant ,kill] belongs to4 ,all ! names ( ! p are significant4 ,e "n may be assum$ to h orig9ally _h "s mean+1 v mu* z e effect has a cause4 #dg4--,,nam+ ,,europeans4 ,"o po9t :]e natives %[ a great deal ( clev]ness is 9 giv+ names to :ite p4 ,!y nev] talk ( a :ite man by 8 own "n1 :i* is g5]ally unsuit$ to _! pronunciation4 ,!y h an inv5tion ( _! own1 & ! new "n is g5]ally v happy4 ,x hits (f "s peculi>ity 9 p]sonal appe>ance1 &1 ov] & above ?is1 x aims at po9t+ to "s m5tal habit4 ,aft] see+ a few ef=ts ( _! nam+1 we almo/ become prep>$ = ! !ory t physical appe>ance is a reflection ( "*4 ,?us !y meet ) a man :o is a mis]1 !y reg>d 8 mis]l9ess = "s "t 9 sil5ce2 at la/ !y beg9 to take a look r\nd him4 ,!y wi% to discov] "s ( 8 physical peculi>ities4 ,he cuts 8 hair v close4 8,ah6 we h x n[10 & !y call him 8,! close %av]60 ,:5 an ,engli%man ) any m>k$ peculi>ity arrives among !m he g5]ally creates a pr(\nd impression4 ,! natives1 l ! ,greeks ( old1 are fond ( he>+ "s new ?+4 ,x is (t5 v try+ to "o's s5se ( ! ludicr\s to g ab\t ! c\ntry ) ,engli% companions & he> ! rem>ks & criticisms1 :ile ! new com]s are q unconsci\s ( :at is be+ said1 & feel sure t !y are complim5t$4 ,if "o d n make progress 9 ! native tongue1 he may be 9 ! c\ntry = z long z five ye>s )\t kn[+ 8 native "n1 al?\gh x is a h\sehold ^w all ov] ! place1 & no "o speak+ to ! natives w\ld ev] ?9k ( us+ any?+ else4 ,"s names1 aga91 are g5]al designations1 n s mu* ( ! individual z 8 "w1 & 9 ?is way !y may be modifi$1 s t ! orig9al mean+ is lo/4 ,"o man _h besides 8 own prop] "n ! "n ( ,kasisi or prie/4 ,?is ^w means orig9ally %av51 or )\t hair 7kabe sisi1 or kalibe sisi74 ,x 0 fir/ appli$ to ! monks ) ref]5ce to _! %orn heads4 ,!re is a rock t is se5 on ! ,zambeze at ! ,lupata m\nta9s1 :i*1 at a di/ance1 looks exactly l a monk4 ,! natives call ?is rock ,kasisi4 ,a cl]gyman w get ! "n appli$ to him1 & t al?\gh !re be no baldness 9 ! case4 ,! ^w is us$ too ( ,makukani1 :o acts z ! prie/ ( ! ,magololo1 especially :5 ra9 is requir$4 ,b x 0 entirely unus$ 9 ! native language till ! fir/ man ) a tonsure appe>$ on ! ,zambeze4 ,he w\ld get x z a nickname1 or r z a "n 7= !y w\ld n necess>ily want to make fun ( him71 & ! ^w w\ld l+] aft] ! monks disappe>$1 & w\ld be appli$ to any t resembl$ !m 9 o!r p>ticul>s4 ,visitors sometimes ?r[ a great deal ( responsibility on ^? t are 9 ! c\ntry already4 ,! latt] are ask$ to tell all ab\t !m1 & if !re be any?+ peculi> ! dang] falls on ! old settl]s4 ,x is a rule 9 ,africa t :]e a /rang] pays a visit & gets into tr\ble 9 8 fri5d's di/rict1 ! :ole responsibility lies on 8 fri5d2 ! same rule is g5]ally appli$ :5 travell]s are foll[+ a guide4 ,?\gh x may seem /range1 yet ! appe>ance ( _m p is apt to be deem$ 8uncanny04 ,! ph5om5on ( a p]son )\t an arm1 ( p able to *ange ! col\r ( _! hair1 or 8to take out _! tee? & put !m 9 aga910 ?\gh easily turn$ to a laugh among fri5dly natives1 especially ! "y1 is nev]!less felt to dem& explanation1 & might cause s]i\s results among natives dispos$ to qu>rel4 #dh4--,,! ,,de/9y ,,( ,,! ,,*ild4 ,9 civilis$ c\ntries ! de/9y ( ! new arrival is left to unfold itself gradually4 ,no def9ite c\rse is *alk$ out4 ,9 ! life ( ! civilis$ infant !re is consequ5tly a great am\nt ( unc]ta9ty & plot int]e/1 especially ) ref]5ce to m>riage1 z e romance be>s witness to4 ,"h ?is is n ! case4 ,take ! in/ance ( a little girl4 ,all ! lovely day dreams1 all ! pleasures ( hope & pictures ( fancy are rudely set aside long be=e %e has rea*$ sweet sev5te54 ,:ile ! *ild is yet unborn %e may be s\ght 9 m>riage4 ,?is is (t5 done4 ,v usually ! ard5t suitor w wait until x is kn[n :e!r ! *ild is to be a boy or a girl4 ,!n he beg9s at once to ask = h]4 ,he goes ) 8 suit to ! ,surety 7,angoswe71 ^: "n we int5d$ to translate 8und]tak]10 only ! ,awilo 7#cd7 usurp$ t ^w4 ,! ,surety promises to att5d to x1 & tells him to come back soon4 ,:5 he returns 9 a day or two1 if he has n be5 =e/all$1 ! ,surety ref]s him to ! "m4 ,! fir/ com] is almo/ always successful1 especially if he br+ a dec5t pres5t1 & ! infant is at once betro!d4 ,:5 ! "m's cons5t is giv5 ! future son-9-law (f]s ! pres5t :i* he has tak5 ) him1 & promises to keep ! little girl suppli$ ) clo!s4 ,h] clo?+1 ( c\rse1 is no?+ b a scanty lo9 clo?4 ,x is ! acceptance ( ?is clo? & ! we>+ ( x t is ! great tok5 ( betro?al4 ,! same ^w t is us$ = betro?+ a girl is also appli$ to ! select+ ( a piece ( gr\nd = hoe+4 ,a p]son :o wants a new f>m goes =? & makes 8 selection4 ,aft] do+ s he takes bun*es ( long grass & ties r\nd ! trees 9 t field4 ,ev]yone t passes kn[s by ! grass put ^u ! trees t ! field has be5 tak5 possession (4 ,anyone t int]f]$ ) x w\ld be liable to h an action br\ght aga9/ him4 ,9 ! same way ! int5d+ husb& po9ts to ! clo? t he has giv5 to ! girl1 & says1 8,%e is m9e04 ,if any "o int]f]e ) h] ! int5d+ husb& may put him to dea?4 ,a boy may also be betro!d 9 8 e>ly days4 ,8 gu>dians w try to secure a girl ab\t 8 own age1 by arrang+ ) o!r gu>dians t may h a female *ild to dispose (4 ,if a girl h a husb& betro!d to h] %e (t5 cooks food = him4 ,b h] claim on him is n ( an exclusive nature1 z he may h m wives ?an "o1 :ile ! mis=tune ( an unhappy union is m bitt] to h]1 z %e is exclud$ f o!rs t %e might pref]4 ,9 ! ,mission ,s*ool at ,zomba !re 7 _m c\ples ( twelve ye>s & "u1 t 7 engag$ to ea* o!r4 ,! boys c\ld tell :at girls !y 7 to m>ry1 & ! girls c\ld also po9t out _! husb&s4 ,! m>riages ( ! natives are g5]ally v happy4 ,?is result gives "s c\nt5ance to ,dr4 ,johnson's view t !re w\ld be m happ9ess if all m>riages 7 made by ! ,*ancellor ( ! ,ex*equ]4 ,! p>5ts seem nev] to d\bt t !y "k ! 8m9ds0 ( _! sons & daught]s bett] ?an !y c d !mselves4 ,at ! same "t ,i h se5 _m cases :]e ! girl w\ld h done any?+ r ?an m>ry ! man t _h be5 assign$ h]4 #di4--;,,infancy ,,& ,,*ildhood4 ,:ile ! "m goes ab\t h] ord9>y pursuits %e c>ries h] *ild ^u h] back4 ,native *ildr5 le>n to walk & to talk mu* soon] ?an :ite *ildr5 d4 ,!y are put ^u ! gr\nd at an e>ly /age2 little sup]vision is ex]cis$1 & !y are accu/om$ to eat h&fuls ( mud4 ,!re seems to be no v good food = "y *ildr51 consequ5tly !y are suckl$ = a long "t4 ,by & by !y get a species ( ?9 porridge 7likoko74 ,no cradles are us$2 ! *ild sleeps on a mat4 ,v (t5 x w be asleep on its "m's back z %e is h>d at "w "u ! tropical sun4 ,x is n common to see a "m beat h] *ild2 9 fact1 !re is v little occasion4 ,!re are no clo!s to soil1 no h\se to spoil1 no w9d[s to sma%1 no di%es to break1 no spoons to lose2 ! *ild may play ) any?+ t x c f9d2 x may g :]e x likes )\t go+ into mu* dang]1 & )\t de/roy+ fl[]-b$s or fav\rite plants6 #ej4--;,,boyhood4 ,z ! *ild gr[s1 8 life is equally wild & free4 ,he has to pay no p5alties to ! requirem5ts ( polite society1 he has to g ?r\gh no ordeal ( be+ taught to sit prop]ly at table1 to hold 8 knife & =k prop]ly1 & su* ?+s--,simple *ild ( nature1 ?\ ha/ nei!r table nor *air1 knife nor =k6 ,he has no ,s*ool ,bo>d to conf9e him1 8 "t is all 8 own2 he goes =? to swim 9 ! brooks1 or play 9 ! woods4 ,!re is no clock 9 ! hall t w tell tales ab\t 8 long /ay2 he wat*es ! c\rse ( ! great clock 9 ! face ( ! heav5s1 :i* he le>ns to read ) a/oni%+ accuracy4 ,z d>kness sets 9 he mu/ g home 7f dang] ( wild bea/s71 & may be se5 return+ to ! village4 ,p]haps he c>ries a great bag full ( beetles or ( field-rats1 :i* are to s]ve z a reli% 7mboga7 to 8 ev5+ meal4 ,possibly he is lad5 ) wild fruits2 9 any case he has ! appe>ance ( brightness & buoyancy t an ,engli% *ild has :5 return+ f a pic-nic4 ,he c>ries 8 little b[ & arr[s1 & is accompani$ by two or ?ree companions l himself4 ,appr5tic$ to no trade1 he is left to acquire :at he wi%es at 8 own discretion4 ,/ill he has "s duties4 ,a v common occupation is to wat* ! baboons 7majani71 & keep !m f eat+ ! corn4 ,all ?is "t ! boy is pick+ up a great deal ( in=mation4 ,he he>s ! talk ( 8 eld]s z he sits ) !m at _! meals1 or :5 !y are engag$ 9 public c\nsel2 & by & by1 = amusem5t 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 he w take to "s little occupation himself4 ,( c\rse1 9 ?is c\ntry he c live & become ri* 7z a native c\nts ri*es71 )\t le>n+ any trade4 ,hoe+ comes naturally to him1 b 8 wives w hoe4 #ea4--;,,amusem5ts 7#a7 ,,tales1 ,,& ,,conundrums4 ,i 0 once walk+ along a native pa? ) a little boy1 & :5 ! conv]sation began to flag ,i propos$ a native riddle = him4 ,he turn$ r\nd ) a v peculi> look1 & ask$ me if we recit$ riddles at our home4 8,yes10 0 ! reply1 8& y d x too40 ,!n he ask$1 8,d y d x at mid-day80 ,& by & by1 aft] smo!r+ _m conflict+ ?\ghts & "s irresolution1 he began to expla9 t ! old p said t 8if boys recit$ riddles at mid-day1 horns w\ld gr[ on _! =eheads60 ,tales & conundrums are g5]ally recit$ aft] sunset4 ,:ile asleep1 z our companions ?\ght1 9 a t5t beside ! camp fires1 we h (t5 la9 almo/ bur/+ ) suppress$ laught]1 z we li/5$ to ! tales & conundrums t w5t r\nd4 ,natives h pl5ty ( su* traditional lit]ature1 :i*1 accompani$ by _! %rewd obs]vations on m5 & mann]s1 makes _! society highly int]e/+4 7#b7 ,a v simple me?od ( amusem5t 9 ! villages is = ! *ildr5 to dance or skip along ! roads1 s++ simple songs & *oruses 7,cf4 *ilewe74 7#c7 ,! out-door games are num]\s2 7indoor games w n be look$ = :5 we rememb] ! size ( ! h\ses74 ,"o ( ! commone/ is play+ at ball 7kung'&a mpila74 ,9 ! usual game !re are two sides3 ! play]s mix ) ea* o!r1 & ! object ( ea* is to ?r[ ! ball s t x w always be caught by "o ( ! same side4 ,if "o ( ! o!r side cat* x1 ! ball *anges own]s1 & ! side t orig9ally _h x mu/ try to recov] x4 ,! side t keeps ! ball longe/ is victori\s4 ,x mu/ be ?r[n up z soon z x is receiv$4 ,sometimes ! "t ( ?r[+ is regulat$ by beat+ a drum4 7#d7 ,,tops4 ,!y set up maize cobs 7isonde71 :i* repres5t soldi]s4 ,! play] on "o side has ! same numb] ( 8soldi]s0 z 8 oppon5t4 ,ea* dis*>ges tops 7nj5go7 ^u ! oppos+ army1 & ! man t fir/ demoli%es ^? ( 8 oppon5t is victori\s4 ,ano!r amusem5t ) tops is ! same z 9 ,brita91 & consi/s 9 m]ely try+ h[ long !y c make a top sp94 ,!y (t5 %\t or s+ some?+ z x revolves4#g 7#e7 ,,draughts 7,,njombwa74 ,a game rem9d+ u some:at ( draughts is v common4 ,little holes are dug 9 ! gr\nd1 ! play]s h a c]ta9 numb] ( plums4 ,! object ( "o play] is to take possession ( all ! plums ( 8 oppon5t4 ,we h se5 regul> bo>ds us$ = ?is game ab\t ! size ( a draught bo>d1 b ) little holes l ^? 9 a bagatelle bo>d4 ,^! holes are 9 f\r r[s or l9es 7nyili74 ,! c\ncillors ( ,malemya1 ! *ief ( ,zomba1 are v fond ( ?is amusem5t dur+ _! be] dr9k+s4 7#f7 ,,skipp+ ,,rope 7,,*iwewe74 ,!y tie a l>ge bun* ( ,african grass 7l a bun* ( hay or /raw7 to ! end ( a rope4 ,"o man sw+s ?is rapidly 9 a circle ( :i* he is ! c5tre4 ,! skipp] /&s )9 ?is circle1 & mu/ jump ov] ! rope ea* "t x comes r\nd4 ,if he _c cle> ! rope 9 "t x 8ties 8 legs1 & he falls & gets laugh$ at04 ,all ^! games are = ! boys1 b !y d n =get !m :5 !y gr[ up2 9 fact1 ! "y m5 seem to be ! mo/ zeal\s play]s4 ,! girls h n s mu* "t = play2 !y are kept con/antly p\nd+ at corn z soon z !y are able to lift ! pe/le4 7#g7 ,bo? boys & girls h games1 9 :i* !y imitate ! grav] pursuits ( _! fa!rs & mo!rs 7kul+anila mis+u jao74 ,!y build little h\ses1 :]e !y g to dwell dur+ ! day4 ,girls 9 _! play (t5 break d[n s(t /ones betwe5 h>d] ones1 aft] ! fa%ion t wom5 gr9d fl\r4 ,boys g ab\t ) m9iature b[s & grass arr[s 7sugumbe74 ,play+ at w> & /eal+ slaves is a common game4 ,9 tea*+ "y natives sub/raction1 ! illu/ration f\nd simple/ 0 l ?is3 giv5 a village ) #cj p1 ! slav]s cat* #aa1 h[ _m are left8 ,,*apt] ,,vii4 ,,my/]ies4 #eb4--8,,little-,,g0 ,,= ,,! ,,girls4 ,:5 a girl is v "y1 sc>cely approa*+ ! age ( pub]ty1 %e is tak5 to "o my/]y call$ unyago wa *iputu4 ,! ,wanyasa girls are a little old] :5 !y g to ?is c]emony4 ,girls until ?is c]emony are call$ 8un9itiat$0 7wesi*ana72 aft] x !y are 8initiat$0 7wali74 ,! same t]ms are applicable to boys & "y m51 al?\gh m commonly appli$ to females4 ,! girl may h be5 liv+ ) h] husb& ev5 be=e ?is my/]y4 ,9 su* cases %e gets a special *>m at ! c]emony4 ,! my/]y is a v great occasion among ^! tribes4 ,long be=e ! "t a great deal ( food is prep>$3 ! wom5 may be se5 p\nd+ maize = ab\t five days be=e4 ,x beg9s at new moon1 & cont9ues = a mon? or m4 ,! *ildr5 to be initiat$ /ay 9 boo?s away 9 ! bu%4 ,?\s&s ( p collect f all qu>t]s4 ,!re is a great deal ( danc+ & s++4 ,! girls are initiat$ by a female1 :o is call$ ! 8cook ( ! my/]y0 7mtelesi wa unyago74 ,among o!r ?+s ?is 8cook0 gives an exhortation 9 :i* !y are told to be ob$i5t & respectful to _! eld]s1 & to avoid mak+ any di/urbance 9 ! village4 ,t[>ds ! close ( ! c]emony ! little girls are put "u a ro(1 :i* !y c c>ry on _! heads4 ,t5 may be "u ?is at ! same "t4 ,a great "p ( ! exhortation has ref]5ce to ! cu/oms ( ! tribe1 especially ) ref]5ce to m>riage duties1 & advice is giv5 9 a great _m absurd details4 ,ea* little girl is told t %e mu/ be fai?ful to h] husb&1 o!rwise he w kill h]4 ,al?\gh ! adultress is liable to puni%m5t by dea?1 ?is ?reat goes p]haps a little beyond ! tru?4 ,b x is consid]$ prud5t to impress ! m9d ( ! *ild by w>n+ h] ( ! extreme dang] t su* conduct might incur4 ,! heads ( ! girls are %av$1 & _! bodies ano9t$ ) an oil :i* conta9s v>i\s *>ms4 ,"o hurtful sup]/ition is t :5 ! girl is initiat$ %e mu/ f9d "s man to be ) h] on h] return o!rwise %e w die4 ,! same sup]/ition is implicitly believ$ ) ref]5ce to ! boys' c]emonies4 ,x rem9ds u a little ( :at ,h]odotus relates ( c]ta9 ,asiatics4 ,:5 ! girl comes back to h] home h] "n is *ang$1 & mu/ n be aga9 m5tion$4 ,! ord9>y fee = ?is initiation1 payable by ! gu>dians ( ! girl to ! 8cook10 is ab\t f\r fa?oms ( clo?4 ,?is is a heavy fee--ab\t a mon?'s wages ( a native workman4 8,,little-,,g0 ,,= ,,! ,,boys 7,,ndagala74 ,! boys g ?r\gh a simil> c]emony4 ,fir/ !re is a dance 7kw9a7 at a place cle>$ ( ! small trees & bu%es 7lup&a74 ,?is dance la/s = two or ?ree days4 ,aft] ?is !y pass to ! initiation 7ndagala74 ,"h !y /ay 9 boo?s made ( cut trees1 grass1 & bamboos1 = ab\t a mon? & a-half4 ,! c]emony beg9s at new moon1 & cont9ues until next full moon2 b anyone may be initiat$ soon] if !re be a cause = spe$4 7,! ,anyasa d n make _! males g ?r\gh ?is c]emony2 b an ,anyasa slave tak5 by ! ,wayao is put ?r\gh x ev5 if he be an old man & m>ri$47 ,! c&idates c>ry _! b$s ) !m4 ,!y provide !mselves ) /icks l ramrods 7mb9+a71 :i* are ?r[n at any "o t may intrude on _! retreat2 & if a p]son %\ld ?us be s]i\sly hurt !re is no r$ress4 ,?is rem9ds u ( ! ,odi pr(anum vulgus1 ,et arceo ( ,horace4 ,:5 !y leave ! c]emony great c>e is %[n 9 de/roy+ or dispos+ ( ^! /icks3 "s are put toge!r at a 8cross-road04 ,! *ief figure 9 ?is c]emony is a man call$ ! 8rattl] ( ! tails0 7juaku*imula mi*ila74 ,tails are possess$ ( great p[] z *>ms4 ,a *ief :o goes to w> seeks = su* m$ic9al tails2 ! sick are re/or$ by !m4 ,a h\se 9 :i* ivory is to be /or$ mu/ fir/ be swept by tails4 ,belief 9 _! virtues is n conf9$ to "o tribe4 ,pictures ( ! ,zulu wit*-doctors repres5t ^! p]sonages z fully arm$ ) tails1 & !re are _m o!r in/ances 9 ,africa4 ,! man t rattles ! tails communicates to ! initiat$ all in=mation ) reg>d to ! cu/oms ( ! tribe1 & special obs]vations connect$ ) ! sexes4 ,he deliv]s lectures & is said to give mu* good advice4 ,a p]son t has n gone ?r\gh ?is c]emony is laugh$ at z be+ un9itiat$ 7mwisi*ana74 ,! lectures condemn selfi%ness1 h5ce :5 "o man refuses to %>e ) ano!r a piece ( meat he is call$ mwisi*ana4 ,no "o mu/ call ! initiat$ y\? 7wana*ikopoko7 by 8 previ\s "n4 8,:at w\ld happ5 if any "o 7 to =get ?is1 & call ! y\? by 8 old "n80 8,:y1 he w\ld kill y40 ,x is a t]rible way ( teas+ a ,wayao to po9t to a little boy1 & ask if he rememb]s :at 0 8 "n :5 he 0 ab\t ! size ( t boy4 ,"s w\ld n m5tion _! old "n on any consid]ation4 #ec4--,,! 8,,great ,,g0 7,,unyago ,,wa ,,*imb&i74 ,!re is ano!r ( ^! my/]ies4 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! =ego+ my/]ies are great occasions among ! natives1 & ?is "o1 ?\gh 9 "s respects less public & m a family matt] is no less s4 ,:5 ! 8great] my/]y0 7unyago wokulu71 z ! ,anyasa call x1 is to be held1 a quiet & peaceful village is conv]t$ into a sc5e resembl+ an old fee+ m>ket or a p5ny w$d+4 ,! c]emony is held :5 a "y woman is ) *ild = ! fir/ "t2 x is att5d$ only by wom5 t h borne *ildr5 !mselves4 ,o!r wom5 are bani%$ f ! village1 & all ! males except ! husb& ( ! "y woman1 :o mu/ be pres5t if he has n be5 initiat$ be=e4 ,! day be=e ! c]emony wom5 may be se5 p\nd+ corn = ! occasion1 z !y h be5 do+ = sev]al days4 ,a prep>ation is made t might d = a m>riage fea/4 ,! "y woman t is to be ! subject ( ! my/]y is seat$ be=e ! door ( h] hut1 & h] head is sme>$ ov] ) ca/or oil4 ,! 8,cook0 seems to sup]9t5d ?is op]ation1 al?\gh o!r wom5 assi/4 ,!y take ! ?9n] end ( _! razor 7lukwangulo71 & keep pok+ all along h] head :ile ! girl sits quiet & gloomy4 ,t day h] head is %av$4 ,next day !re is ! my/]y prop]4 ,! ,surety 7#dh7 has gone to invite o!r wom54 ,! 8,cook0 also invites h] fri5ds4 ,! "y woman h]self 7a*akongwe w5e7 invites "s4 ,!re is a v impos+ ga!r+ ( matrons2 songs & dances ( ! usual indelicate "* are ! ord] ( ! day4 ,"o ( ! mo/ conspicu\s p>ties is to be se5 ) an enorm\s pumpk9 ti$ "u h] dress4 ,! "y woman is ano9t$ ) oil & r$ o*re 7ngama74 ,! c]emony is f9i%$ t[>ds night & inside ! h\se4 ,! fee to ! 8,cook0 is two bu%els ( maize4 ,?is is ! la/ ( ^! my/]ies4 ,! advice giv5 to ! "y woman 7& h] husb&7 is n defici5t 9 quantity2 b on its quality we pref] to be sil5t4 ,to ! natives !mselves x appe>s ridicul\s z soon z !y become critical4 ,we h met a ,yao f> f 8 own home1 & once or twice1 9 ord] to f9d out at :at age he _h be5 c>ri$ (f 9 slav]y1 we h ask$ :e!r he 0 at ! my/]ies2 ! v m5tion ( ! subject ne>ly put him beside himself ) laught]4 ,he looks back to ! matt] z a comical exp]i5ce ( 8 life2 b at ! same "t he is r a%am$1 especially :5 he ?9ks t a ,european kn[s ab\t x4 ,! foll[+ f ! ,zulu tales ( ,bi%op ,callaway illu/rates a simil> practice 9 ! ,s\? ( ,africa3--8,:5 "y m5 come to ! ,umgongo :]e ! c]emonies ( pub]ty are be+ p]=m$ 7= :5 a damsel is ( age x is !n t ! fil?y cu/om is practis$ ( all ! "y p go+ !re71 ! h\se is n[ a h\se ( swee!>ts & damsels :]e all k9d ( evil w be spok52 mode/y is at an end at t "t1 & all fe>ful ?+s are m5tion$1 :i* ought n to be op5ly m5tion$1 & :i*1 if a man m5tion$ !m by "n1 he w\ld be reg>d$ z mad4 ,!re !n all become mad1 = !re is no "o ( au?ority to say1 #8,d n m5tion su* ?+s'40 ,on ?is :ole subject writ]s are divid$4 ,"s say t ! my/]ies include circumcision aft] ! ,jewi% or ,mahomm$an cu/om4 ,o!rs d5y ?is4 ,! subject has its difficulties1 z ^! rites are suppos$ to be inviolably conceal$ by ! initiat$1 :o (t5 say t !y w\ld die if !y reveal$ !m4 ,mr4 ,r[ley1 9 8 book on ! 8,univ]sities ,mission10 makes ! rem>k t ! ,wayao circumcise4 ,f "o native ,i ga!r$ t su* 0 ! case2 b on subsequ5t inquiry ,i c\ld n v]ify ! /atem5t4 ,! ,mahomm$ans1 :o are press+ into ! c\ntry1 h1 accord+ to ,s5hor ,nunes1 a mission>y _s ab\t !m1 b ev5 at ,quilimane ! adm9i/ration ( circumcision is conf9$ to _! prosyletes4 ,! g5]al "* ( ! my/]ies is z we h describ$ above4 ,we may also po9t out t 9 ! initiation ( males1 figures ( ! :ale 7nyamgumi7 are made on ! gr\nd1 & 9 ! initiation ( females1 figures ( leop>ds1 hy5as1 & su* animals z are se5 by ^? t nev] leave _! homes4 ,fl\r is spr9kl$ on ! top ( ^! figures2 if x fall (f soon1 !re w be w> 9 ! c\ntry4 ,"s ( ! advices giv5 to ! ,namaquas at simil> c]emonies is t !y mu/ n any long] suck goats6 ,at initiation ! ,be*uana girls are put "u ! au?ority ( a /]n old woman1 :o sets !m v sev]e tasks 9 ord] to tea* !m to und]go pa9 & fatigue4 ,"o ( _! duties is to hold a piece ( hot iron 9 _! h&s = "s "t4 ,we h (t5 be5 a/oni%$ at ! mann] 9 :i* ! natives ab\t u us$ to h&le fire4 ,x seem$ to become q h>mless 9 _! f+]s6 ,! boys 9 "s ,be*uana tribes h an ordeal /ill m sev]e4 ,a numb] ( que/ions are ask$1 = in/ance1 8,w y h]d ! cattle well80 ,:5 ! boy says 8,i w10 he receives a /roke :i* inflicts a deep ga% 9 8 back4 ,ano!r "q is put to him1 :i* is impress$ on 8 memory by ano!r t]rible bl[4 ,if he 7 to w9ce "u ^! inflictions he w\ld fail to 8pass04 ,! boys g5]ally acquit !mselves m>vell\sly4 ,! cuts inflict$ are said to be f #ab to #ah in*es long4 ,few ,europeans w\ld survive ! initiation4 ,few ?+s bett] %ew ! degradation ( ! ,african hea!n ?an ! fact t in/ruction at ! ,my/]ies is ! only k9d ( =mal tea*+ to be f\nd 9 8 c\ntry4 ,,*apt] ,,viii4 ,,m>riage4 #ed4--,,ways ,,( ,,procur+ ,a ,,wife4 7#a7 ,we h already se5 t a little girl may be betro!d v e>ly4 ,aft] %e is gr[n up1 ev5 be=e %e has att5d$ ! my/]ies1 %e may g to live ) h] husb&4 7#b7 ,if a man succe$ a relative t possess$ five wives1 e "o ( ^! wom5 passes ov] to him by inh]itance4 7#c7 ,if a man make a raid on a neighb\r+ village1 & c>ry (f "s girls1 !y w become 8 wives1 unless r$eem$4 7#d7 ,ano!r way ( procur+ a wife is simply by buy+4 ,two sk9s ( a buck is a fair price 9 ! ,mangoni c\ntry4 ,simil>ly wives may be paid ov] 9 settl+ debts4 7#e7 ,"y m5 are sometimes pres5t$ ) wives by ! ma/]s or gu>dians ( ! latt]4 7#f7 ,! case ( woo+ is treat$ bel[ 7#ef74 ,:5 a man's wife dies he gives an (f]+ to h] _s 7cf4 #da71 & goes to seek ano!r to fill h] place4 ,a wife ^: husb& is dead may n get ano!r s quickly le/ he %\ld die also 7#hb74 ,!re is no?+ to prev5t a man f m>ry+ 8 si/]-9-law2 b no man may m>ry 8 si/]1 a fact t is br\ght out v di/9ctly 9 a common native conundrum1 :i* might be r5d]$1 8,:at is ! fruit t y mu/ n pluck1 h[ev] sweet x may be80 ,a c\ple may m>ry ?\gh !y belong to diff]5t tribes1 & c h>dly communicate except by signs4 #ee4--,,ranks ,,among ,,wives4 ,z a rule a man has "o wife t is free1 :ile ! o!r ?ree or f\r are slaves4 ,if he be ! *ief ( a village 8 wife also gets ! title ( msy5e wa musi1 or 8possessor ( ! village04 ,8 o!r wives are n call$ slaves1 b ladies ( ! h>em 7akusyeto71 al?\gh _! /atus is really t ( slaves4 ,! *ief wife is g5]ally ! woman t 0 m>ri$ fir/4 ,!re may be exceptions4 ,= in/ance1 if ! pr9cipal wife be betro!d 9 infancy to a full gr[n man1 ?is man w take a female 8to fill ! place ( ! betro!d infant04 ,aft] be+ m>ri$ = a ye> or two ! husb& is almo/ expect$ to get junior wives4 ,^! ! *ief wife1 z a matt] ( c\rtesy1 calls h] y\ng] si/]s 7apwao74 ,we h se5 in/ances1 h[ev]1 :5 a great /rife arose on ! introduction ( ! o!r wives1 & :]e ! *ief wife w\ld ?reat5 a sep>ation1 & c>ry x out too4 ,b ^! 7 in/ances r ( self-w ?an ( con=mity to ! cu/oms ( ! c\ntry4 ,x is an object ( common aspiration to be possess$ ( five wives4 ,! *ief wife has ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ! dome/ic & agricultural e/abli%m5t4 ,%e keeps ! o!rs at _! "w1 & has p[] to ex]cise discipl9e ^u !m4 ,! puni%m5t %e inflicts = laz9ess is to bani% junior wives f meals until hung] br+ !m to _! s5ses4 ,:5 a junior wife is v ob/rep]\s h] sup]ior may put h] 9 a slave /ick4 ,! au?ority ( ! *ief wife is n a matt] to je/ )4 ,i knew a case ( a junior wife t _h h] infant *ild promptly put ^u ! fire by ?is t]rible ov]se]4 ,:5 a man is sev]ely press$ by "s legal action & has to pay heavy f9es1 he beg9s by sell+ (f 8 junior wives4 ,:5 r$uc$ to "o wife he has rea*$ ! highe/ po9t ( di/ress4 ,8 free wife he _c sell1 z %e is "u ! protection ( h] surety 7#fj74 ,plurality ( ,free ,wives4 ,a man may procure m ?an "o free wife1 by inh]it+ an eld] bro!r4 ,9 ?is case he may (t5 become ! possessor ( ano!r village1 & ?us 8 free wives ne$ n come into collision4 ,8 late bro!r's wife may live at h] old home1 at :i* h] new husb& w dwell on /at$ occasions2 at o!r times he w live at 8 own village1 :]e 8 o!r free wife cont9ues to reside4 #ef4--;,,adult ,,m>riage4 ,x is n easy to expla9 9 a %ort =m all ! cu/oms ) ref]5ce to m>riage4 ,!y are s diff]5t f :at we are famili> ) t1 to make ! description less t$i\s1 we %all suppose a case ( adult m>riage1 :i* may easily happ51 not)/&+ ! cu/om ( betro?al1 z a m>riage "h is n necess>ily a union = life4 ,a man sees a "y woman :o has app>5tly no husb&2 he wi%es ?is "y woman to be 8 wife4 ,he may talk to h] privately1 & ask h] s5tim5ts4 ,if he be fav\rably receiv$1 he w tell 8 wi%es to 8 surety 7#dh7--?is may be 8 fa!r or uncle1 or eld] bro!r1 or ! *ief ( ! village 9 :i* he lives4 ,?is /ep is v prud5t1 see+ t at m>riage ! man leaves 8 fa!r & "m1 leaves 8 own home & c\ntry1 & goes to /ay ) 8 wife4 ,! woman takes no /eps :atev]1 %e returns to h] home & says no?+--wond]s :e!r ! man is 9 e>ne/2 by & by h] suitor1 aft] receiv+ ! sanction ( 8 surety1 goes to ! c\ntry ( ! woman & asks =mally = h] h&4 ,! woman's surety tells him to come back aga91 & mean:ile communicates ) ! woman4 ,next "t ! suitor comes1 p]haps 9 a day or two1 he engages 8 bride4 ,%e is at once 8 wife4 ,! man imm$iately leaves 8 own village & proce$s to build a h\se 9 ! village ( 8 wife4 ,z soon z he has f9i%$ ! door1 & p]haps be=e ! ro( is on1 %e ent]s x & lives ) him4 ,day ( ent]+ ! h\se4 ,!re is no c]emony on ! day on :i* %e ent]s ! h\se 7lia kw9jila nyumba74 ,! eld]s may be pres5t on ?is day1 & a ri* man may signalise x by hav+ "s be]2 b ! rule is t :at w\ld be ! m>riage day ) ,europeans1 passes by )\t receiv+ any di/9ction4 ,! woman simply ent]s ! h\se t h] husb& has built at h] fa!r's home1 & takes ) h]1 pots1 baskets1 a b$1 & "s fl\r to make _! simple meal4 ,! axe & hoe belong r to ! man's outfit1 al?\gh ! woman w use !m (t5] ?an he4 ,"o ( h] fir/ duties is to pla/] _! h\se4 #eg4--,,woman',s ,,k+dom4 ,! wife has ! *ief "p ( ! hoe+ & cultivation ( ! soil4 ,! husb& cuts d[n trees & may also hoe ) h] if he h n _m wives1 9 :i* case he has less occasion to "w4 ,%e has also to g to ! =e/ ) h] axe & cut firewood 7ngwi74 ,! husb& may g ) h]4 ,x is int]e/+ to meet a c\ple return+ f a j\rney = firewood4 ,! man goes fir/ c>ry+ 8 gun or b[ & arr[s1 :ile ! woman c>ries ! inv>iable bundle ( firewood on h] head4 ,mrs4 ,macdonald us$ to amuse su* p>ties by tak+ ! wife's load & putt+ x on ! husb&1 tell+ him #8?is is ! cu/om ( our c\ntry'4 ,x is also ! wife's duty to g to ! field = ! supply ( beans1 potatoes1 or pumpk9s4 ,"o ( ! h>de/ p>ts ( ! woman's "w is ! p\nd+ or mill+ ( ! corn4 ,%e breaks x d[n 9 a mort> by means ( a l>ge pe/le1 :i* is a weight 9 itself4 ,! "w is c]ta9ly h>d & t$i\s1 b results 9 ! =mation ( a v f9e fl\r4 ,%e looks to h] husb& to f9d h] 9 clo?+4 ,:5 h] clo!s are torn x is 8 duty to sew !m1 & a v s]i\s ?+ x is = a husb& to neglect ?is "w4 ,x may cause a sep>ation4 ,b he f9ds t h] w>drobe is n exp5sive4 ,if he c get calico at #c;d4 a-y>d %e w really co/ little m ?an #bs4 p] annum4 ,no wond] t %e expects h] husb& to %[ h] "s little att5tion s9ce %e does s mu* = him4 ,! wife may be describ$ z p]=m+ ne>ly ! :ole ( ! pl\gh+ & s[+1 ! :ole ( ! reap+ & +a!r+ ( ! crop1 ! :ole ( ! mill+1 ! :ole ( ! brew+1 & ! :ole ( ! cook+1 includ+ ! c>ry+ ( fire & wat]4 ,:5 a woman has cook$ h] husb&'s meal %e does n sit d[n to enjoy x ) him except !y be q alone4 ,if !y sit d[n toge!r & a male /rang] arrive %e retires & takes h] food ap>t1 & he may d ! same :5 a female comes to visit !m 7#fg74 #eh4--,,m>riage ,,contract 7*ikulund9e74 ,we h se5 t !re is no m>riage c]emony on ! day t !y ent] _! h\se 7#ef71 b sometime aft]1 p]haps :5 !y get ! fir/ produce ( _! new field1 !re is a meet+ to lay d[n c]ta9 rules z to _! behavi\r 9 _! new relation%ip 7kuwika *ikulund9e74 ,! wife's surety comes to #8settle' h] 7ne kuja angoswe kwatula alumbuwao74 ,! "y wife #8cooks' 7kuteleka7 or brews a great quantity ( be]4 ,two pots are prep>$ = ! surety or sureties ( h] husb&1 & two o!rs = h] own surety or sureties4 ,!n !re is a great fea/ at :i* ^! p]sonages are pres5t to (f] _! in/ructions4 ,! sureties ( ! husb& 7angoswe wa *ilume7 may kill a cock1 :ile ! sureties ( ! wife 7angoswe wa *ikongwe7 kill a lay+ h54 ,v (t5 a "p ( su* f[ls is c>efully c>ri$ to an old surety t has n be5 able to come4 ,^! m>riage rules 7*ikulund9e7 prohibit ! wife f adult]y1 & b9d bo? p>ties to resort to ! m$ic9e man 7m*isango7 9 case ( sickness or mis=tune4 ,9 ,deut4 xxiv4 #e1 x is said1 #8,:5 a man ha? tak5 a new wife he %all n g out to w>1 nei!r %all he be *>geable ) any bus9ess1 b he %all be free at home "o ye>1 & %all *e] up 8 wife :om he has tak5'4 ,s c]ta9 ,africans w n g on any w>like exp$ition or act z und]tak]s 7#cd7 :5 !y h a "y *ild4 #ei4--,,sep>ation4 ,! husb& & wife may sep>ate if !y c %[ "s reason4 ,! reasons = a sep>ation are su* z ^!3 7#a7 ,if ! wife commit adult]y1 = "o (f5ce %e may get (f ) a reprim&1 especially 9 ! case ( a poor man2 b ! repetition ( ! (f5ce g5]ally insures dismissal1 if n dea?4 ,if %e be free1 %e goes back to h] surety1 if %e be a slave1 %e w likely be sold4 7#b7 ,if ei!r speak disrespectfully ( ! o!r's fri5ds !re may be a sep>ation4 7#c7 ,if a woman's *ildr5 all die h] husb& may leave h]4 7#d7 ,:]e ! husb& neglects to sew 8 wife's clo!s1 or :]e ! wife w n hoe dilig5tly1 !re may be a divorce4 7#e7 ,9 cases :]e !y d n please ea* o!r1 a sep>ation may be arrang$4 ,:5 !y sep>ate1 ! wife takes away ! few dome/ic ut5sils :i* %e br\ght ) h]1 none ( :i* are us$ by ! man4 ,if he gave h]1 occasionally1 pieces ( clo? to we> %e does n pay !m back1 because %e 0 ! 8cook ( 8 porridge = him04 ,9 all sep>ations1 except = s]i\s cases l adult]y1 ! "o p>ty gives ! o!r a tok5 7msimbo71 :i* may be clo?1 arr[-heads1 beads1 or "s su* curr5t money4 ,! "o t beg9s ! /rife 7juakut&a71 & is ! cause ( ! sep>ation1 pays ! o!r4 ,v (t5 a husb& leav+ 8 wife w give h] a male slave1 :ile a wife leav+ h] husb& w give him a female slave4 ,m>riage ) ,slaves4 ,if "o ( ! p>ties be a slave to ! o!r1 ! m>riage bond is n s readily dissolv$4 ,slave sp\ses mu/ li/5 to ! dictates ( _! p>tn]s1 & :]e !re is practically only "o w !re c be no collision4 ,! free sp\ses :5 tir$ ( _! slave p>tn]s1 or (f5d$ by !m1 c dispose ( !m j z 9 ! case ( o!r slaves4 ,we h kn[n _m cases ( slave wives runn+ away f husb&s1 b we h n kn[n in/ances ( slave husb&s runn+ away f free wives4 ,we might ?9k t :]e ! wives h ! upp] h& 9 m>riage relation%ips1 !re is n su* a risk ( /rife z 9 ! ord9>y arrangem5t2 only ! proportion ( free wives ) slave husb&s is small4 ,9 no case c a woman1 ev5 if %e possess _m male slaves1 h m ?an "o husb&4 ,if a wife ) a male slave m>ry a free husb&1 h] male slave is disc>d$2 & if aga9 %e %\ld fancy ano!r man1 %e mu/ devise "s reason = sep>at+ f ?is new husb&4 ,!re c easily be f\nd cases :]e x c\ld be said to a woman1 8?\ ha/ _h five husb&s10 al?\gh !y w\ld n be contemporane\s4 ,! husb& on ! o!r h& may h z _m wives z he c secure4 ,v g5]ally ! head ( a village1 in/ead ( appropriat+ = himself e woman t he might h1 gives ov] c]ta9 = 8 y\ng] bro!rs or male slaves4 ,a ,yao ,*ief is cont5t ) t5 to tw5ty wives4 ,"s ( ! ,magololo h #agj4 ,i h be5 (t5 ask$ h[ a man c ma9ta9 ! scores1 & ev5 hundr$s ( wives t ,africans are all[$ to h4 ,! man f9ds no difficulty4 ,! m wives he has1 ! ri*] he is4 ,x is 8 wives t ma9ta9 him4 ,!y d all 8 pl\gh+1 mill+1 cook+1 c4 7#ea74 ,!y may be view$ z sup]ior s]vants :o comb9e all ! capacities ( male s]vants & female s]vants 9 ,brita9--:o d all 8 "w & ask no wages4 #fj4--,,peculi> ,,position ,,( ,a ,,free ,,wife4 ,9 ! case ( a free wife ! husb& is n responsible = h] debts1 if he 7 s1 x w\ld g h>d ) h]1 z %e might be sold (f to pay a 8legal action04 ,:5 a woman gets into tr\ble ! accus] does n g to ! husb& at all1 b to ! surety 7#dh74 ,suppose a woman is accus$ ( !ft1 x is no matt] = h] husb&4 ,! accus] goes ) "s evid5ce be=e ! surety4 ,if ! evid5ce be exce$+ly little1 no notice is tak51 b if ! accus] has a *ance ( incrim9at+ ! woman1 ! surety w call h]1 & %e mu/ respond1 :e!r ! husb& be will+ or n4 ,if %e confess to ! *>ge1 h] surety pays ! f9e4 ,if %e d5y ! *>ge1 %e w appeal to ! poison$ cup 7mwai74 ,if %e dr9k x & survive1 %e is innoc5t1 & receives a f9e :i* is paid1 n to ! husb&1 b to ! surety4 ,:5 ! pla9tiff has to pay ?ree slaves1 ! surety w reta9 two ( !m1 & out ( k9dness give "o ov] to 8 relative ^: life has be5 endang]$ by ! ordeal2 ?us ! accus$ woman has a k9d ( solatium4 ,if %e die1 h] guilt is prov$3 ! pla9tiff is entitl$ to re/itution ( ! /ol5 goods or _! value1 & a f9e z well4 ,all ?is is paid by ! surety2 ! husb& has no?+ to d 9 ! matt] except to obs]ve ! cu/om>y m\rn+ 7#cc7 :5 %e dies1 b ( c\rse ! un=tunate woman t dies ( ! poison is only entitl$ to mangl$ fun]al rites 7#ajg74 ,family ,relation%ips4 ,we may "h m5tion ! great difficulty we h at fir/ 9 und]/&+ _! relation%ips4 ,! mod]n ,european family is f\nd$ on m>riage1 b ! "t 01 ev5 9 ,europe1 :5 x 0 f\nd$ z mu* on p[]4 ,! s+le fact t families may be f\nd$ on o!r gr\nds ?an m>riage w give ! ord9>y read] an idea ( ! difficulty4 ,a native *ild sees no?+ wond]ful 9 claim+ to h two or ?ree fa!rs1 & z _m mo!rs4 ,if a man h sev]al y\ng] bro!rs _! *ildr5 are call$ 8 sons1 s are 8 own gr&*ildr54 ,b ! *ildr5 ( a si/] are call$ 8 nephews4 ,?is nam+ fits v well ) _! sy/em ( inh]itance 7#ig74 ,if a man h a bro!r & a si/]1 he is call$ "o ?+ by ! bro!r1 b q a diff]5t ?+ by ! si/]4 ,aga91 we _c give a lit]al translation ( 8,joseph & 8 bre?r503 we require to say 8,joseph & 8 eld] bre?r5 & 8 y\ng] bro!r04 ,,*apt] ,,ix4 ,,social ,,life4 #fa4 ,,man ,,9 ,,society4 ,hi!rto we h look$ at ! native z an individual or z a memb] ( a family & h spok5 ( 8 bir?1 tra9+1 m>riage1 & dea?4 ,n[ we %all view him z a memb] ( society4 ,r>ely does a native live a h]mit's life4 ,we did "k ( m5 t =sook _! relatives & liv$ alone1 b !y 7 consid]$ mad4 ,n unfrequ5tly1 h[ev]1 a man & 8 family live entirely by !mselves1 indep5d5t ( ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,su* cases occur :]e invad+ tribes h ov]run a c\ntry & driv5 out its p4 ,aft] ! invad]s retire1 ! old inhabitants are afraid to g back1 & an enorm\s tract ( c\ntry is left desolate4 ,/ill1 9 "s inaccessible nook !re is (t5 f\nd a solit>y family--a remnant ei!r ( ! invad]s or ( ! invad$4 ,usually ! natives live 9 small villages conta9+ #aj or #ab huts1 occasionally 9 l>g] villages conta9+ ?ree times z _m4 ,!y d n l to pack !mselves closely4 ,9 times ( peace few villages conta9 m ?an #ajj p4 ,ow+ to ! native me?od ( cultivation 7#fd71 ! inhabitants ( a l>ge village soon f9d !mselves too di/ant f _! f>ms4 ,on "o small isl& 9 ,lake ,*irwa1 p are mass$ toge!r to ! numb] ( #djjj1 b !y subsi/ by fi%+1 & are oblig$ to live !re = protection f slav]s4 #fb4 ,,f\nd+ ,a ,,native ,,village4 ,a man wi%+ to f\nd a new settlem5t1 fir/ takes /eps to get out ( ! village he belongs to4 ,he goes to ! village *ief & says 8,i wi% to leave y & =m a hamlet ( my own04 ,%\ld ! latt] object1 he rem>ks1 8,rememb]1 ,i am n y\r slave04 ,9 times ( peace x is inconv5i5t to cr[d p toge!r1 & ! *ief's cons5t is readily obta9$4 ,9 times ( w> no "o c>es to =m a small settlem5t :i* might become an easy prey to ! enemy4 ,9 a popul\s di/rict ! f\nd] ( a new village makes arrangem5ts ) 8 neighb\rs reg>d+ ! fields he is to f>m4 ,!n he *ooses ! gr\nd & betro!s x 7tomela74 ,:5 ready to remove he takes 8 axe & 8 grass-cutt] & m>*es to ! site ( 8 new home1 accompani$ by 8 family :o are able to c>ry all ! furniture at "o j\rney4 ,9 a s+le =5oon !y erect tempor>y dwell+s = !mselves4 ,!y !n beg9 to cle> away ! bu%1 ! man cutt+ ! trees1 & 8 wives do+ ! hoe+ :ile ! *ildr5 play beside !m4 ,! p>ty f9d !mselves 9 a pleasant little _w ( _! own :]e no "o int]f]es4 ,_! me?od ( manur+ ! gr\nd by burn+ ! trees on x1 makes sad havoc ( ! beautiful woods4 ,aft] ! hoe+ is well advanc$ !y ?9k ( erect+ a h\se4 ,dur+ 8 wood-cutt+ ! man sets aside ! trees t are suitable = build+4 ,he also lays pa/ "s ( ! grass = ?at*+4 ,:5 ! erection is f9i%$ x is c>efully pla/]$ by ! wom51 & !n we h be=e u ! h\se or hut :i* is ! *ief mat]ial con/itu5t ( ! native village4 ,sep>ate h\ses = f[ls & b9s = corn may next be erect$ 7,c74 #fc4 ,,increase ,,( ,,village4 ,! s+le family may rapidly become a l>ge /ate4 ,a man ) ?ree daught]s1 "o ( n9e ye>s1 ano!r ( five ye>s1 & ano!r ( five days w soon h ?ree able-bodi$ sons-9-law add$ to 8 village4 ,! girl ( n9e ye>s likely has h] husb& already1 :o n[ comes & builds a h\se at h] fa!r's abode1 :ile 8 "y wife tries to look z important z %e c4 ,! girl ( five ye>s may also h cross$ ! ,rubicon1 o!rwise h] husb&1 if a lad ( sixte5 summ]s1 w be c\nt+ ! we>y days ( s+le life1 & look+ =w>d to ! "t :5 he may g to dwell ) 8 bride4 ,! girl ( five days1 if %e h n a presumptive husb& already1 w be giv5 to ! fir/ applicant1 & he w 9 due "t be add$ to ! colony4 ,s9ce a husb&1 in/ead ( tak+ 8 wife f h] home mu/ leave 8 own abode & g to dwell ) h] 7#ef71 daught]s are ! great hope ( a ris+ village4 ,sons d n *e] _! fa!r's he>t 9 ! same way2 = _! m>riage removes !m f 8 settlem5t & adds no?+ to 8 spl5d\r z a village *ief4 ,! sons-9-law h all sep>ate dwell+s4 ,h[ev] l>ge ! settlem5t may become1 ! man t is fir/ 9 ! field is ! *ief or headman4 ,9 c\rse ( "t he adorns 8 position by acquir+ weal?4 ,he may %oot "s buck & get possession ( _! sk9s4 ,) ^! he goes to ! ,mangoni c\ntry & buys slaves4 ,an old p]son he obta9s = a s+le sk91 b a "y slave co/s two2 & wom5 co/ mu* m ?an m54 ,! female slaves ?us b\ght are 8 junior wives1 & he keeps !m busy 9 hoe+ ! f>m1 & all su* female duties4 ,! male slaves he employs 9 f>m+1 build+1 mak+ baskets1 sew+ g>m5ts1 & su* mascul9e pursuits4 ,he keeps all ^! p]sons /rictly at _! duties1 & at ! same "t welcomes an opportunity ( sell+ !m at a pr(it4 ,! ga9 ?us realis$ he lays out 9 pur*as+ m p4 ,if 8 daught]s 7 unm>ri$1 he w\ld give !m slave-husb&s4 ,! natives aim at 8repl5i%+ ! e>? & subdu+ x04 ,z x is no exp5se = !m to re> families1 !y are all desir\s to h _m *ildr54 ,besides ?is increase ( ! village f ! *ief's own res\rces1 !re may be an accession ( freem54 ,aft] ! settlem5t is begun1 a man may come to its f\nd] & say1 8,i wi% to live ) y04 ,! village *ief gives him p]mission & calls him 8y\ng] bro!r04 ,! new com] br+s 8 family1 builds a h\se1 & cultivates a f>m 9 ! same way z 8 *ief4 ,a freeman may leave 8 pres5t *ief & take up 8 abode ) ano!r1 ^: subject he becomes4 ,8 =m] *ief has no long] any au?ority ov] him :atsoev]4 ,b a man (t5 decamps by night tak+ ) him _m slaves belong+ to 8 fell[-citiz5s2 he !n goes to "s influ5tial *ief :o may be only too glad to give ! fugitive gr\nd1 & to e/abli% him z a sub-*ief4 ,freem5 :o ?us leave are dete/$ by _! =m] *ief1 :o welcomes e opportunity ( %oot+ or captur+ !m4 ,to reta9 a runaway slave is to proclaim w> ) 8 own]4 ,a *ief ?\gh n b\nd to cat* a runaway & h& him back1 may d s 9 ord] to %[ fri5d%ip to ! slave's ma/]4 ,a fugitive slave :5 recaptur$ is treat$ unm]cifully1 h5ce he almo/ *ooses to die r ?an to be s5t back4 #fd4 ,,village ,,life ,,& ,,"w4 ,z we take a j\rney into ! c\ntry we come on a pa? q new4 ,curiosity prompts u to foll[ x4 ,our natives exclaim1 8,oh1 :5 did ?is new settlem5t beg98 ,h[ quickly x has sprung up40 ,we qu5* our ?ir/ at ! beautiful /ream1 & !n advance t[>ds ! village gre54 ,! hamlet is already l>ge1 b we f9d only two male slaves sitt+ manufactur+ a b$4 8,:]e is ! *ief80 8,he has gone to dr9k be] at ,masangano's40 8,:y did y leave y\r old home80 8,*ikumbu is kill+ p1 & we want$ to live ne>] ! ,mission40 8,& :]e is little ,mpakata t us$ to come to s*ool80 8,8 fa!r s5t him to wat* ! monkeys1 b he takes 8 book ) him & reads40 8,:]e are all ! re/ ( ! p80 8,!y h gone to c>ry food f our old fields40 ,:5 villages are small we f9d !m 9 ! =5oon entirely des]t$1 & all ! doors b>r$ on ! outside4 ,9 ! fir/ ye> ( a settlem5t ! f>m is j at ! door4 ,ea* ye> x moves f>!r (f1 = in/ead ( hoe+ ! old fields1 ! natives g beyond !m1 & )\t remorse cut d[n m ( ! beautiful trees4 ,?us !y advance ye> by ye> till !y rea* ! b\nd>y ( ano!r f>m]4 ,f him !y get p]mission to g "r beyond 8 f>m & hoe on ! o!r side4 ,! new fields !y plant ) _! corn & pr9cipal crops2 ! old fields !y ?9k fit only = beans & crops ( small importance4 ,:5 !y h 9 ?is way exhau/$ ! soil 9 _! neighb\rhood1 !y remove altoge!r1 & build a new village 9 "s uncultivat$ spot4 #fe4 ,,! ,,work]s4 ,! wives & slaves ( a village *ief d ! great] "p ( 8 hoe+ 7#fb74 ,8 sons-9-law are also requir$ to assi/4 ,%\ld a slave son-9-law refuse to comply ) ?is cu/om he is liable to be driv5 f 8 wife3 a free son-9-law w\ld get (f m easily4 ,x is n common = ! man's own sons to contribute _! aid1 b !y may d s out ( k9dness4 ,! freem5 t settle ) a man1 & own him z _! *ief1 are "u no obligation to d 8 f>m+2 !y h fields ( _! own3 b x is common = a f>m] to be assi/$ by all 9 8 neighb\rhood ?r\gh :at is call$ a *ijawo1 :i* resembles a hoe+ mat*1 only !re is no competition4 ,! f>m] brews an enorm\s quantity ( be]4 ,all 8 fri5ds turn out ) hoes1 & "w h>d till midday2 aft] t !y dr9k ! be]4 #ff4 ,a ,,day',s ,,"w ,,& ,a ,,day',s ,,f>e4 ,! natives rise at daybreak 7#f ,a4,m47 & g (f to _! fields )\t any food4 ,!y "w till noon1 & !n come back to breakfa/4 ,_! day's "w 9 ! field is n[ ov]1 & 9 ! aft]noon ! village s rec5tly empty is full ( inhabitants4 ,! wom5 are occupi$ 9 prep>+ ! second meal1 :ile ! m5 may d "s ( _! m arti/ic "w 7,h71 ?\gh among tribes t h be5 hi!rto hunt$ f _! homes e tw5ty or ?irty ye>s no high art is to be expect$4 ,z ! %ades ( ev5+ ga!r r\nd ! hamlet 7#f ,p4,m47 ! villag]s p>take ( _! second meal1 & soon aft] retire to re/4 #fg4 ,,cook+ ,,& ,,meals ,,9 ,,common4 ,?\gh ea* family has a f>m ( its own1 no family eats its food ap>t f ! o!rs4 ,all ! inhabitants ( a small village take _! meals 9 common4 ,!y manage 9 ! foll[+ way3--,"o night ,mrs4 ,kumlomba supplies all ! fl\r1 & takes h] %>e ( p\nd+ & cook+4 ,next night ,mrs4 ,*ipaliko does ! same1 & next night ,mrs4 ,*5dombo4 ,z soon z ! food is cook$1 x is tak5 to _! husb&s & all ! o!r males ( ! village1 :o wait = x 9 ! =um4 ,"p is res]v$ = ! wom5 !mselves1 :o along ) ! female *ildr5 mu/ eat 9 a diff]5t place4 ,a l>ge village is divid$ into sev]al messes1 "o "p ( ea* mess consi/+ ( ! males & ! o!r "p ( ! females4 ,,*apt] ,x4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,& ,,adm9i/ration ,,( ,,ju/ice4 #fh4 ,,village ,,politics4--,,! ,,headman ,,or ,,village ,,*ief4 ,! inhabitants ( a native village live toge!r on well-und]/ood pr9ciples1 :atev] may be said ( _! practice4 ,! village headman is _! ,gov]nor1 or r _! 8,fa!r04 ,9 describ+ h[ a new settlem5t is f\nd$ 7#fb7 we suppos$ t a man w5t =? alone1 & 0 aft]w>ds jo9$ by o!rs1 :o 7 call$ 8 8y\ng] bro!rs04 ,b (t5 ! f\nd] is f ! fir/ accompani$ by sev]al fri5ds4 ,n[1 all ^! 8y\ng] bro!rs0 =m a k9d ( ,p>liam5t4 ,! f\nd] ( ! village1 or 9 o!r words ! village headman1 presides ov] ?is body1 b is n oblig$ to foll[ its in/ructions4 ,slaves _c be memb]s ( ,p>liam5t1 nei!r h females any voice 9 ! c\ncil4 ,s mu* is ?is la/ fact recognis$1 t :5 a "m is ask$ :e!r ! infant 9 h] arms is a boy or a girl1 in/ead ( say+ 8,x is a girl10 %e w reply1 8,x belongs to ! sex t does n speak60--an answ] :i* /rikes u z imply+ an unusual def9ition ( ! female sex4 ,a headman does n conv5e 8 p>liam5t except :5 he sees occasion4 ,if he ?9k1 = in/ance1 t "s ( 8 p are becom+ too ri*1 he transf]s _! goods to himself )\t mak+ any fuss ab\t ! matt]4 ,b if he wi% to engage 9 w>1 he consid]s x necess>y to assemble 8 p>liam5t4 ,9 ! same way if he desire to c>ry out any public "w1 z surr\nd+ ! village ) a /ockade1 he summons 8 p to consid] ! proposal & assi/ 9 ! und]tak+4 ,! headman1 h[ev]1 _c make 8 villag]s hoe 8 f>m = him1 or d any su* private "w 7#fe74 ,nei!r does he exact tribute f !m--= :o w\ld tax 8 8y\ng] bro!rs80 ,/ill he expects !m n only to /& by him 9 w>1 b to support 8 gov]nm5t on all occasions1 & to r5d] special assi/ance 9 ! trial ( judicial cases4 ,aft] su* cases h be5 debat$ by 8 p>liam5t1 x becomes 8 duty to give decision4 ,he may pron\nce a capital s5t5ce1 or ord] z l>ge a p5alty z ! f9e ( f\r slaves--especially if he be a high] headman 7#gb74 ,b 8 judgm5t may be compla9$ ( by any ( 8 free subjects 7only su* appeals are r>e1 unless by p>ties t want to leave 8 village altoge!r74 ,8 decision may be revis$ by "s o!r headman1 z ! rul] ( ! village f :i* 8 own settlem5t broke (f 7#fb72 b ! ultimate appeal is to ! *ief ( ! c\ntry4 ,:ile ! village headman settles all small] disputes )\t tr\bl+ 8 *ief1 he usually reports grav] cases4 ,:]e he has any difficulty 9 adm9i/]+ ju/ice he appeals to 8 *ief = aid1 & if su* aid 7 refus$1 he w\ld h suffici5t reason = rebell+4 ,! headman is call$ ! 8own] ( ! village10 & :5 he dies 8 position is tak5 by 8 heir 7#ig74 #fi4 ,,! ,,k+ ,,or ,,*ief ,,( ,,! ,,c\ntry4 ,! *ief is call$ ! 8own] ( ! t]ritory0 7msi5e *ilambo71 & has supreme p[] ov] e "o t dwells )9 8 dom9ions4 ,x is true t he does n p]sonally int]f]e ) all 8 subjects1 mu* less ) _! slaves1 b he holds ! headm5 acc\ntable = ! gov]nm5t ( _! respective villages4 ,he lives 9 :at is call$ ! 8capital0 7kumbala71 :i* is inhabit$ ma9ly by 8 wives & slaves--a man's greatness be+ always measur$ by ! numb] ( ^!4 ,if he h t5 wives1 he mu/ h t5 huts = !m2 & he requires o!r huts = 8 old] *ildr5 & 8 slaves4 ,^! items alone make 8 village l>ge1 & he may h _m p besides4 ,he ma9ta9s no special army1 = e man 9 ! c\ntry is suppos$ to be a soldi]4 ,he rules 8 own village 9 ! same way z an ord9>y headman w\ld d4 ,he (t5 gives consid]able au?ority to 8 pr9cipal slave1 :o may be z important a function>y z ,joseph 0 ) 8 ,egyptian ma/]4 ,9 & ar\nd 8 own village ! *ief ( ! c\ntry is a t]rible p[]1 & 8 gov]nm5t is support$ by ! mo/ prompt & sev]e puni%m5ts4 ,b 9 di/ant p>ts ( 8 dom9ions1 :]e influ5tial headm5 live1 he may be little kn[n1 al?\gh z a matt] ( !ory he is suppos$ to settle all grav] disputes ev5 9 remote villages4 ,:5 an appeal comes up f a headman's village1 ! *ief g5]ally decides x himself1 b he may ref] x ei!r to ?is headman aga9 or to "s o!r headman 9 :om he has confid5ce4 ,9 a dispute betwe5 ! inhabitants ( diff]5t villages1 ! respective headm5 repres5t _! own subjects1 & ! *ief is appeal$ to4 ,all 8 decisions are f9al4 ,/ill ! *ief may (t5 h less influ5ce ?an p[]ful headm51 & we h kn[n cases :]e he simply cont5t$ himself ) grumbl+ :5 8 headm5 act$ contr>y to 8 desire2 & 9 _m crim9al trials he is eclips$ by ! sorc]]s & p\nd]s ( poison4 #gj4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,( ,,! ,,c\ntry4 ,! *ief gov]ns 8 :ole t]ritory on ! same pr9ciples z a headman gov]ns a village 7#fh74 ,he presides ov] a p>liam5t compos$ ( 8 headm51 & he deals ) ?is body 9 ! same way z ! headm5 !mselves deal ) _! own village p>liam5ts4 ,ord] is ma9ta9$ among ! v>i\s classes ( 8 subjects z foll[s3--7#a7 ,slaves are entirely "u _! own ma/]--!y are 8 8goods02 7#b7 ,freem5 are "u _! eld] bro!r 9 ! fir/ in/ance1 b !y may c>ry _! cases to ! headman ( _! village1 or ev5 to ! *ief ( ! c\ntry2 7#c7 ,headm5 are "u high] headm5 & ! *ief4 ,:]e a *ief sees occasion to int]f]e ) 8 subord9ates1 he g5]ally consults 8 own int]e/4 ,he w say to a headman1 8,i see t y h be5 behav+ badly to t subject ( y\rs4 ,y _c get on ) him2 he mu/ leave y & come to dwell 9 my own village60 ,! *ief ?us secures ano!r s]vant4 #ga4 ,,headm54 ,headm5 are ( v>i\s classes4 ,"s are ! *ief's blood-relations & are call$ 8 #8y\ng] bro!rs'4 ,b j z 9 a village1 !re may be free-m5 n relat$ to ! headman1 s 9 ! *ief's c\ntry !re may be headm5 n relat$ to ! *ief4 ,!y may h come ov] ) a l>ge foll[+ f a ho/ile *ief1 9 :i* case !y are call$ 8settl]s10 or 8refugees0 7alambi74 ,or !y may be m5 t h ga9$ ! *ief's fav\r by _! s]vices1 & be5 s5t to occupy new spots 9 8 k+dom4 ,aga91 :5 a l>ge village increases1 & s5ds =? small] hamlets1 new headm5 arise2 b "s ( ^! may c>ry all _! trials to ! "m village1 & 9 ?is case !y are /ill ! subjects ( _! 8eld] bro!r04 ,:5 a p]son has acquir$ sev]al villages 7#ig71 he becomes a high] headman1 int]m$iate betwe5 ! *ief & ! own] ( a s+le village4 ,ea* headman lives 9 ! village he likes be/1 & leaves 8 8bro!rs0 to manage 8 o!r villages4 ,b a headman ( great ambition (t5 places 8bro!rs0 all ar\nd him1 decides _! cases1 & practically gov]ns a small k+dom ( 8 own4 ,if he live f> f 8 *ief1 "o might suppose t he 0 q indep5d5t4 ,:5 a qu>rel arises betwe5 ! *ief ( ! c\ntry & an important headman1 ! latt] may rebel1 & f\nd a new k+dom1 ?us depriv+ ! old *ief p]haps ( "o-?ird ( ! villages 9 8 dom9ion4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a headman may keep up ! *ief's au?ority 9 a di/rict t ! latt] c\ld n o!rwise hold4 #gb4 ,,duties ,,( ,,headm5 ,,to ,,! ,,*ief4 ,9 all public transactions ! headman repres5ts 8 village4 ,he receives ! *ief's ord]s & sees !m c>ri$ out4 ,:5 he kills an elephant he s5ds "o ( ! tusks to ! *ief4 ,%\ld he kill tw5ty elephants he is n expect$ to give up tw5ty tusks--two or ?ree w\ld be suffici5t4 ,if he %oot a l>ge buck he gives "o haun* ( v5ison4 ,= all su* tribute he expects to receive a return pres5t 7g5]ally ( a little p[d]74 ,x is cu/om>y = him to invite 8 *ief to a be]-dr9k+1 at lea/ once a ye>1 & ! latt] accepts ! invitation4 ,he is expect$ to att5d ! *ief's p>liam5t1 unless he is "u an eld] bro!r1 9 :i* case he is n all[$ to speak1 except :5 specially commission$4 ,headm5 are expect$ to report all cases ( w>1 b !y (t5 attack enemies )\t tell+ _! *ief be=eh&1 say+1 8,let him he> ( ! ent]prise :5 x succe$s04 ,yet ?is is dang]\s unless !y are sure ( success1 & well acqua9t$ ) ! *ief's private s5tim5ts4 ,on report+ ! attack !y pres5t ! *ief ) "p ( ! booty4 ,9 times ( w> ea* headman :5 summon$1 mu/ foll[ 8 *ief's flag1 o!rwise 8 village is burn$ d[n1 & all t fail to escape are kill$ or enslav$4 #gc4 ,,c\rts ,,( ,,ju/ice4 ,c\rts ( ju/ice are held 9 e village = try+ cases t occur among ! villag]s4 ,^! c\rts are id5tical ) ! village p>liam5t 7#fh71 & ! memb]s discuss ! cases1 "s tak+ "o side & "s ! o!r4 ,! supreme c\rt is regul>ly held 9 ! *ief's village1 & tries grav] cases4 ,x is id5tical ) ! supreme p>liam5t ( :i* ! village headm5 are memb]s4 ,al?\gh ! village headm5 & ! *iefs ( ! c\ntry preside ov] ^! c\rts1 yet 9 _m trials _! influ5ce is less ?an t ( ! sorc]] or ! p\nd] ( poison4 ,s9ce ! natives nei!r divide _! days into weeks nor numb] ! days ( _! 8moons10 !y h no /at$ "t = hold+ c\rts1 !y j call !m z occasion requires4 #gd4 ,,trials4 ,9 a trial ! accus] speaks fir/1 & ! accus$ replies4 ,aft]w>ds ! v>i\s memb]s ( ! c\ncil 7#fh1 #gj7 give _! views4 ,?r\gh\t ! spee*es !re are expressions ( approval at ! close ( ea* s5t5ce1 :i* s]ve to m>k ! punctuation4 ,"o man keeps cry+ out1 8,amao6 ,atati6 ,nangolo60 8,"m6 ,fa!r6 ,p>5t60--words extoll+ ! wisdom & exp]i5ce ( ! speak]4 ,! *ief or headman on settl+ a f9e does n claim "p ( x4 ,! :ole is paid ov] to ! aggriev$ p]sons1 b if !y ?us obta9 sev]al slaves1 !y w pres5t ! *ief ) "o 9 consid]ation ( 8 s]vices4 ,! idea ( fri5ds pay+ ea* o!r is n agreeable to ! native m9d4 ,pr(essional m5 su* z sorc]]s & physicians are paid1 b transactions betwe5 a sup]ior & 8 y\ng] bro!r take ! =m ( pres5ts4 ,! natives %[ "h a beautiful delicacy ( feel+ t we are apt to ov]look1 amid/ _! obtrusive gre$4 ,an unsophi/icat$ *ief w give a goat z a pres5t1 :]e he w\ld sc[l v mu* at ! idea ( sell+ x1 al?\gh x is true t he expects ! return pres5t to be great] ?an ! prop] price4 ,! s]vices ( a judge are n su* a h>d task 9 ?is c\ntry3 z !re are no newspap]s ! *ief & 8 companions feel ! ne$ ( some?+ to talk ab\t4 #ge4 ,,evid5ce4 ,?\gh witnesses are appeal$ to1 x mu/ n be imag9$ t cases are decid$ by _! te/imony z 9 ,engl&4 ,let a man be accus$ ( !ft1 & ?\gh six witnesses decl>e t !y saw him /eal1 ! case may be z f> f a settlem5t z if !re _h be5 no witness at all4 ,! accus$ cries1 8,i did n /eal1 give me ! poison 7mwai7 & x w prove my innoc5ce04 ,if 8 fri5ds ?9k him innoc5t !y support 8 dem&1 = an innoc5t man 7!y believe7 w vomit ! poison1 & ?us become entitl$ to receive a f9e4 ,b if !y ?9k him guilty !y w r n appeal to ! poison1 = a guilty man w die 9 great pa91#h & 8 repres5tatives mu/ make full re/itution4 ,! accus]s ( c\rse1 insi/ t ! goods %\ld be giv5 back at once4 ,!y d n wi% to run ! risk ( ! ordeal1 = if ! ?ief vomit1 !y mu/ pay him a f9e1 besides los+ _! goods4 ,all ! natives believe t mwai is infallible1 :ile !y well "k t ! te/imony ( _! c\ntrym5 is n s4 ,7 a judge to attempt to decide a native case by ord9>y evid5ce he w\ld produce ! /range/ results4 ,! prosecutor w\ld come ) hundr$s ( 8 fri5ds prep>$ to swe> to any?+ t 0 want$4 ,! def5dant w\ld come 9 l mann] ) all 8 fri5ds ready to swe> aga9/ ev]y?+ said by ! opposite p>ty4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! alleg$ crime %\ld be ( ! mo/ secret "*1 none ( ^! p]sons w\ld hesitate to swe> t he _h be5 an eye-witness4 ,to cr[n all1 ea* man w\ld att5d ! trial1 8arm$ to ! tee?04 ,b :5 cases are decid$ by ! poison$ cup1 ! natives feel t an elem5t ( quiet solemnity is introduc$4 ,!y see "o ( _! fell[ creatures br\ght face to face ) dea?4 ,"h we enc\nt] ! mo/ deeply root$ fai? t ^! tribes h4 ,if !y believe 9 any?+1 x is 9 ?is ordeal4 ,i once ask$ ,kumpama ( ,*]asulo1 8,:at w\ld y d if a man /ole ivory & vomit$ ! mwai1 b 0 aft]w>ds f\nd sell+ ! /ol5 ivory80 ,8 reply 01 8,if ! man /ole ! ivory he w\ld n vomit ! mwai1 ! mwai w\ld kill him04 ,i h made simil> suppositions to _m natives1 & ?\gh ,i c>efully conceal$ my petitio pr9cipii1 !y at once po9t$ out t ,i 0 suppos+ cases t c\ld nev] occur4 #gf4 ,,discov]y ,,& ,,g5]al ,,treatm5t ,,( ,,crime4 ,s9ce evid5ce is ( su* small importance1 h[ c ! natives ev] discov] crim9als8 ,!y _c use ! poison$ cup = m]e discov]y1 because no freem5 c be compell$ to dr9k x )\t a reason4 ,!y enc\nt] a peculi> difficulty "h1 b !y h a peculi> rem$y4 ,_! me?od may be expla9$ by %[+ h[ x works 9 ! case ( !ft4 ,:5 a man f9ds 8 goods /ol5 & c get no trace ( ! ?ief1 he applies to ! sorc]]4 ,?is p]sonage takes up ! case1 inspects ! dry bones 9 8 calaba%1 & 9 a %ort "t is able to decl>e ! ?ief4 ,! sorc]] usually tru/s to 8 calaba% alone1 b occasionally he makes m5 lay hold ( a /ick :i* aft] a "t beg9s to move z if end[$ ) life1 & ultimately c>ries !m (f bodily & ) great spe$ to ! h\se ( ! ?ief4 ,:5 8 div9ation is complet$1 ! sorc]] ann\nces t he has 8detect$0 7kamula7 ! ?ief & !n =mally names him to ! own] ( ! /ol5 goods4 ,! latt] goes to ! alleg$ ?ief1 tells him t he has be5 detect$ by ! 8oracle0 & boldly *>ges him ) ! crime4 ,:5 ! !ft is prov$ ei!r by ! ?ief's confession1 or by ! ordeal 7#ge71 ! pursu] dem&s 8 goods & a f9e besides1 & holds ! headman ( ! ?ief's village responsible4 ,x is always assum$1 & g5]ally correctly1 n only t ! headman kn[s#i ( e !ft committ$ by 8 villag]s1 b t he has ev5 receiv$ "p ( ! plund]4 ,:]e ! accus$ p>ty1 9 spite ( ! v]dict ( ! oracle d5ies ! crime & survives ! poison$ cup1 ! result br+s discr$it on ! sorc]]4 ,z ! poison is ! infallible te/1 ! sorc]] is prov$ to h 8detect$0 ! wrong p>ty4 ,he accord+ly loses 8 fee1 & ! pursu] is n likely to put confid5ce 9 him aga94 ,%\ld ! pursu] /ill hope to recov] 8 goods1 he applies to ano!r sorc]]1 b ! latt] mu/ n 8detect0 ! p>ty t has j be5 accus$4 ,a p]son _c be ask$ to dr9k poison twice = ! same *>ge4 ,caught 9 ! ,act4 ,:5 a crim9al is caught /eal+ 9 a man's h\se1 ! c\rse ( ju/ice is m spe$y4 ,! own] may kill him on ! spot1 & he has ! sanction ( ! law = do+ s4 ,! fri5ds ( ! crim9al _c compla94 ,! ?ief des]v$ 8 doom = he 0 behav+ l a bewit*]--he _h put himself beyond ! pale ( human rights1 & 0 9 ! position ( a lion or a leop>d4 ,?is holds good :e!r ! !ft is by night or by day1 :e!r ! crim9al is kill$ 9 ! h\se or aft] a long pursuit4 ,! ?ief is g5]ally well arm$--a circum/ance :i* makes 8 capture m dang]\s4 ,b ! injur$ p>ty1 = ! purpose ( extort+ a great ransom1 (t5 tries to secure ! crim9al4 ,on succe$+1 he puts ! captive 9 a slave-/ick & s5ds a message to ! headman ( 8 village1 :o w be glad to pay sev]al slaves 9 ord] to r$eem 8 8bro!r04 ,%\ld ! headman refuse to pay ! ransom ! un=tunate 8bro!r0 is left entirely 9 ! h&s ( ! prosecutor1 & is liable to be kill$1 sold1 or reta9$ z a slave4 ,:5 x is kn[n to :at village ! /ol5 8prop]ty0 0 tak51 z 9 cases ( kidnapp+1 ! injur$ p>ty applies at once to ! headman ( ! guilty village1 & if he c get no satisfaction1 !re arises a /ate ( w>4 ,! prosecutor captures ! v fir/ inhabitants ( ! guilty village t come into 8 p[]1 & !n he keeps !m 9 slave-/icks until comp5sation is made4 ,"h is a case :]e a l+]+ imprisonm5t falls on p]sons t are entirely innoc5t1 ! only ?+ aga9/ !m be+ t !y belong to a guilty village4 ,,summ>y4 ,z native law is r intricate1 we give ! foll[+ summ>y ( ord9>y proc$ure 9 crim9al cases4 ,detection4 ,! crim9al 7#a7 may be caught 9 ! act1 7#b7 may be kn[n to h ! /ol5 goods 9 8 possession1 7#c7 may be detect$ by ! sorc]]1 or 7#d7 may be convict$ on ! confession ( himself1 or 7#e7 ! /atem5ts ( 8 accomplices & o!rs4 ,?is la/ case 7#e7 %[s t1 aft] all1 ! natives _c exclude te/imony1 & ev5 9 case 7#c7 ! sorc]y mu/ d]ive all its value f ord9>y evid5ce4 ,! sorc]] has1 d\btless1 _m ag5ts t are m useful ?an 8 calaba%1 al?\gh x is = 8 int]e/ to repres5t t all o!r evid5ce is ( little value z comp>$ ) 8 own inspiration4 ,pro(4 ,9 cases 7#a71 7#b71 7#d71 no trial is ne$$4 ,9 cases 7#c7 & 7#e7 ! mwai is appeal$ to4 ,puni%m5t4 ,! crim9al is ei!r kill$ or f9$2 imprisonm5t is r a prelim9>y /ep4 ,9 "s cases1 z 9 ! poison ordeal1 a f9e is dem&$ ov] & above ! dea?4 ,= all f9es ! headman ( ! crim9al's village is responsible1 b he c repay himself ei!r f ! crim9al or 8 relatives4 ,he may ev5 pay ! crim9al ov] to ! injur$ p>ty1 b 9 ?is case he loses a subject :o may be relat$ ei!r to himself or to "s influ5tial man 9 8 village4 ,! dem& ( comp5sation ov] & above re/itution seems to spr+ f ! con/itution ( human nature4 ,a little *ild depriv$ ( a toy is n cont5t to ?reat5 or revile 7or :atev] ! infantile manife/ation ( feel+ may mean71 :ile ! toy is 9 ! h&s ( ! aggressor4 ,he p\rs out ! same torr5t ( ho/ile feel+ aft] ! toy has be5 re/or$4 ,besides1 !re are cases 9 :i* m]e re/itution w\ld n be suffici5t comp5sation = ! injury su/a9$4 ,,*apt] ,,xi4 ,,p]sonal ,,rights ,,& ,,(f5ces ,,aga9/ ,,!m4 #gg4 ,,p]sonal ,,rights--,,slav]y4 8,= he 7i4e41 ! slave7 is 8 money0--,exodus xxi4 #ba4 8,if 8 ma/] h giv5 him a wife1 & %e h born him sons & daught]s1 ! wife & h] *ildr5 %all be h] ma/]'s40--,exodus xxi4 #d4 ,i once he>d a native rem>k 9 a village assembly1 8,a f[l is a f[l1 a goat is a goat1--well1 :at am ,i80 ,x is (t5 ma9ta9$ t among savages no rights are recognis$ except rights ( prop]ty4 ,b al?\gh native jurisprud5ce deals ma9ly ) que/ions ( prop]ty1 "h 0 a savage us+ z /rong an argum5t = p]sonal rights z any philosoph] c\ld employ4 ,!re is a great diff]5ce betwe5 ! treatm5t ( a free-man1 & ! treatm5t ( ! 8?+0 or 8fle%0 call$ a slave4 ,! foll[+ sections 7#gh-ajb7 apply *iefly to freem51 & _m po9ts h no application to slaves1 = in/ance1 ! goods ( a deceas$ slave 7if 8goods0 c be said to possess goods71 d n g to 8 bro!r b to 8 ma/]4 ,! ^w = 8free0 7mlukosyo7 lit]ally means 8belong+ to ! tribe or family10 & %[s h[ slav]y 0 orig9ally view$--! slaves did n belong to ! 8family04 ,a freeman becomes a slave :5 captur$4 ,he may be captur$ by an enemy or by "o t has a qu>rel ei!r ) himself or ) ! village t he belongs to4 ,freem5 may be enslav$ by relatives or by sup]iors4 ,(t5 a man w pay a debt by giv+ up 8 own k9dr$ to 8 prosecutor4 ,^? mo/ liable to ?is treatm5t are 8 si/]s1 aft] t 8 daught]s1 !n 8 bro!rs1 & !n 8 fa!r & "m4 ,9 cle>+ (f a heavy debt a native fir/ pays ov] 8 slaves1 next 8 inf]ior wives1 & !n 8 relatives 9 ! above ord]4 ,sometimes "o pawns 8 relatives only1 if he _c r$eem 8 pl$ges promptly1 he may f9d !m sold4 ,a freeman may become a slave volunt>ily1 z :5 he is 9 want dur+ a "t ( sc>city4 ,a man may also become ! slave ( a ma/] t possesses _m females 9 ord] to get a wife f him4 ,a p]son may be a slave by bir?4 ,if 8 p>5ts be bo? slaves he belongs to _! ma/]4 ,:5 a female slave be>s a *ild to a freeman1 ! *ild belongs n to its fa!r1 b to its "m's ma/]4 ,slaves become free :5 r$eem$ or :5 _! ma/] grants !m lib]ty4 ,p]sons t h be5 long 9 slav]y may be r$eem$ by relatives4 ,"s say t a slave may r$eem himself by pres5t+ to 8 ma/] ano!r slave :om he may h b\ght or captur$ 9 w>4 ,o!r native au?orities1 especially ! old] m51 d5y ?is mo/ /rongly1 & no d\bt correctly1 z ev]y?+ t a slave c possess belongs really to 8 ma/]4 ,b ! old] views are n[ be+ modifi$ by contact ) ,engli% ,mission>ies4 ,be=e ! arrival ( ! missions1 slaves c\ld obta9 no?+ except f _! ma/] himself1 :o suppli$ !m ) clo?+2 :5 ! missions came !y _h an opportunity ( work+ = pay4 ,:5 a slave e>ns wages1 8 own] may no d\bt claim ! :ole ( x1 b "s ma/]s among ! ,yao are said n to ex]cise ?is "r to ! full ext5t4 ,!y all[ ! slave to reta9 a great "p ( 8 e>n+s1 s mu* s t he w occasionally rem>k1 8,ah6 my ma/] is poor to-day1 ,i mu/ give him "s clo?04 ,su* ma/]s look ) satisfaction on ! increas+ ho>ds ( _! slaves 9 ! same way z an ,engli% employ] delights to see 8 lab\r] 9 a condition ( com=t4 ,!y w ev5 boa/ ( ! ri* slaves t !y possess4 ,e own] ( prop]ty f9ds slav]y ! mo/ pr(itable inve/m5t4 ,"o ( ! slave's duties is to procure o!r slaves 7i4e41 m prop]ty7 = 8 ma/]4 ,ea* male slave is all[$ to build a h\se = himself4 ,he may also get a wife 7#ei7 :o1 h[ev]1 may be tak5 f him aga94 ,he is politely call$ 8 ma/]'s 8*ild0 7mwana*e71 ! m (f5sive ^w 8slave0 7mkapolo7 be+ seldom us$4 ,/ill ! "t1 ! tal5ts1 & ! v lives ( slaves are entirely 9 _! ma/]'s h&4 ,h[ev] great a ransom !y may (f]1 if ! ma/] refuse to take x1 no "o 9 ! c\ntry c legally set !m free4 ,! ma/]'s p[] is absolute4 ,! only *eck t he feels is ?is1--he says1 8,if ,i treat my slaves badly1 "o day !y w f9d me alone1 take c\rage 7mbilimo7 & kill me04 ,b a slave w\ld ?9k twice be=e adopt+ su* a desp]ate measure4 ,if he murd]$ a freeman he w\ld run z fa/ z ,moses ran to ,midian1 & ) z good reason4 #gh4 ,,kill+ ,,slaves ,,or ,,w>ds4 ,if a ma/] kill "o ( 8 slaves1 no "o c br+ a compla9t aga9/ him4 ,p t he> ( ! matt] m]ely say1 8,t man is v /upid to de/roy 8 own prop]ty04 ,! companions ( ! deceas$--8 fell[ slaves--may v5ture to plead1 8,:y did y kill him1 he did no adult]y80 b ! ma/] sil5ces !m1 by po9t+ out t ! deceas$ 0 8 8goods0 7*ipanje71 or 8 8fle%0 7nyama74 ,b aft] kill+ a slave1 ! ma/] is afraid ( ,*ilope4 ,?is means t he w become emaciat$1 lose 8 eyesight1 & ultimately die a mis]able dea?4 ,he !re=e goes to 8 *ief & gives him a c]ta9 fee 79 clo? or slaves or su* legal t5d]s71 & says1 8,get me a *>m 7luasi71 because ,i h sla9 a man04 ,:5 he has us$ ?is *>m1 :i* may be ei!r drunk or adm9i/]$ 9 a ba?1 ! dang] passes away4 ,9 ! same mann]1 if a man kill 8 y\ng] bro!r1 or anyone "u 8 *>ge1 !re is no case aga9/ ! murd]]4 ,= "o ?+1 !re is no prosecutor1 & moreov]1 relatives may be treat$ z slaves 7#gg74 ,if a man h a fatal qu>rel ) 8 w>d1 he f9ds x a suffici5t excuse to say1 8,! deceas$ began x04 ,b if 8 w>d or ev5 8 slave be kill$ by ano!r p>ty1 ! gu>dian at once becomes prosecutor1 & does n re/ till he obta9s ! fulle/ comp5sation4 #gi4 ,,kill+ ,,enemies4 ,:5 an enemy is kill$1 !re is a desire to secure portions 7ikawo7 ( 8 body 7#cf71 :i* is mutilat$ accord+ly4 ,! p>ts#aj g5]ally tak5 are ! eyebr[s1 nose1 little f+] or toe1 & ! pud5da4 ,if !re be no dang] ( int]ruption1 ! man or woman ?us mutilat$1 w be also disemb[ell$ & ! he>t pluck$ out4 ,! portions ?us cut f a body1 are roa/$ or burn$ till q r$uc$ to a%es 7sile74 ,!y are !n us$ z *>ms 9 v>i\s ways4 ,! savage makes tatoos 7malaka7 9 8 arm & rubs ! a%es into !m4 ,or he cooks gruel 7likoko7 & /irs ! a%es into x4 ,?is dreadful mixture ( fl\r & fle%1 mu/ be lapp$ ) ! tongue1 z x w\ld be 8unlucky0 to eat x ) ! h&s4 ,!re are sev]al devices = facilitat+ ! lapp+ process1 su* z p\r+ ! mixture f "o di% to ano!r & lick+ ! bottom ( ! empti$ di%4 ,ano!r way ( us+ ?is weird & awful *>m1 is z an amulet 7njilsi7--! a%es are mix$ ) ca/or oil & sew$ up 9 a small bag1 :i* is worn r\nd ! neck or ab\t ! lo9s4 ,i knew "o headman ^: great success 9 w> 0 attribut$ to ! fact t he _h eat5 8! :ole body ( a /rong "y man04 ,b if he _h n be5 protect$ by p[]ful *>ms1 su* cannibalism might h be5 dang]\s to him4 ,! p]son t eats a human be+ is believ$ to run a great risk4 ,ev5 ! p]son t kills a human be+1 ?\gh ! victim be only a slave 7#gh71 mu/ take c]ta9 /eps to quiet 8 consci5ce4 ,9 mo/ cases ! murd]] tells ! *ief ( ! c\ntry :o procures a *>m f 8 m$ic9e man4 ,( ?is *>m ! *ief himself also p>takes t he may n be unlucky 8because ( ! blood t has be5 %$ 9 8 l&04 ,if ! *ief s5t ! p]son to kill ! deceas$1 he n[ pres5ts him ) a slave or "s su* rew>d4 ,s :5 a headman makes an attack & kills a p>ty on 8 own responsibility 7#gb71 ! *ief if approv+ rew>ds all t w5t on ! exp$ition4 ,he also kills a goat = !m4 ,at ?is fea/ !y mu/ n eat salt until a *>m is fir/ put 9 ! food4 ,if ! *ief disapprove ( ! attack1 he exacts a heavy f9e1 :i* he usually settles z foll[s3--,:5 ! injur$ p>ties retaliate1 & kill or capture "s ( ! *ief's subjects1 he makes ?is headman pay ! relatives = _! loss4 ,s :5 ! *ief wants to dissuade a headman f dang]\s w>s1 he says to him1 8,rememb] y w h to pay = all ! sla904 #hj4 ,,puni%m5t ,,( ,,murd]4 ,if "o man slay ano!r1 ! fri5ds ( ! deceas$ are ju/ifi$ 9 kill+ ! murd]] on ! spot 7#gf74 ,b if !y cat* him alive !y put him 9 a slave-/ick1 till comp5sation be made by a heavy f9e ( f #d to #bj slaves4 ,:5 ! f9e is paid ! life ( ! murd]] is n dem&$1 b sev]al ( ! slaves obta9$ 9 comp5sation are kill$ to accompany ! deceas$ 7#ci74 ,! re/ ( !m are reta9$3 inde$1 ! fri5ds ( ! murd]$ man look n s mu* to 8 sad fate z to ! possibility ( mak+ ga9 by x4 ,if ! murd]] escape1 "s "o connect$ ) him is captur$1 & a message is s5t to ! fri5ds 9 ?is =m1 8,y h sla9 our bro!r1 we h caught y\rs1 & we w s5d him aft] our bro!r unless y pay a ransom04 ,! ransom is expect$ to include "s slaves to accompany ! deceas$4 ,! captive if n r$eem$ is entirely at ! disposal ( ! injur$ p>ty & t = life or dea?4 ,! above applies to murd]s occurr+ among p>ties fri5dly t[>d ea* o!r1 & liv+ p]haps 9 ! same village4 ,b %\ld a man g to ano!r village & commit murd]1 ! act1 if no explanation be grant$1 is held to be a decl>ation ( w>4 ,:5 ! injur$ village is /rong1 ! o!r villag]s w all be kill$ or enslav$ )\t delay4 ,:]e ! village is n s sure ( its /r5g?1 its headman goes to ! *ief ( ! c\ntry & pres5ts him ) a slave1 say+1 8,i desire y\r help1 ,i want to puni% t o!r village04 ,if ! *ief has already fail$ to br+ ! aggressors to reason1 he receives ! pres5t1 promises help1 & soon ! guilty village is annihilat$4 #ha4 ,,puni%m5t ,,( ,,homicide4 ,! natives are aw>e ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 murd] & homicide1 b ! puni%m5t ( ! two crimes is (t5 ! same4 ,a man ent]s a village1 puts d[n 8 gun :i* goes (f & kills a p]son4 ,! gun is claim$ by ! fri5ds ( ! deceas$4 ,x is wor? sev]al slaves1 & ! own] may be z anxi\s to r$eem x z he w\ld h be5 to r$eem 8 bro!r4 ,:5 !re is no gun to pl$ge1 ! homicide is put 9 a slave-/ick & reta9$ j z 9 murd] 7#hj71 & ! surviv+ relatives are equally anxi\s to slay p]sons to accompany ! deceas$4 ,"s native au?orities take a m l5i5t view ( homicide4 ,in/ead ( seiz+ ! p>ty or 8 gun1 !y pron\nce him q blameless1 & g to ! sorc]] to discov] ! bewit*] :o has be5 ! real cause ( ! dea?4 ,!y hold t x is ?is be+ t mu/ be> ! :ole ( ! responsibility4 ,!y use a simile "h t is borr[$ f hunt+ cu/oms4 ,! hunt] t fir/ w\nds a buck claims x1 ev5 ?\gh x be ultimately br\ght d[n by ano!r man4 ,! man t br+s ! buck d[n is only ! f9d]1 z x 71 ( ano!r man's game 7juakupakanila73 s ! homicide only f\nd or br\ght d[n ! victim t ! wit* _h already de/roy$2 he is n ! cause b ! occasion ( ! dea?4 ,"s insi/ t al?\gh ! homicide may prote/ 8 innoc5ce & affirm t he is ! victim ( "s wit*1 he mu/ pay damages all ! same4 ,i once saw two m5 tri$ = a di/urbance committ$ :ile !y 7 drunk4 ,! p]son t _h suppli$ !m ) be] 0 also br\ght up1 & 0 afraid t he %\ld be suppos$ to h bewit*$ ! be]4 ,a /ill deep] t]ror hov]$ ov] 8 spee*1 8,p]haps he himself & 8 be] 7 bo? bewit*$1 & us$ z a cat's paw by "s o!r p]son04 #hb4 ,,puni%m5t ,,( ,,un*a/ity4 ,we already m5tion$ 7#ef7 t a man may h an opportunity ( contract+ a m>riage ) an adult female & t he may asc]ta9 h] s5tim5ts privately4 ,long ago ,i 0 told by "o qualifi$ to speak on ,african cu/oms1 t a native man w\ld n pass a solit>y woman1 & t h] refusal ( him w\ld be s contr>y to cu/om t he might kill h]4 ,( c\rse1 ?is w\ld apply only to females t are n engag$4 ,a girl ) no claim ^u h] readily agrees to m>riage1 & ! man w m>ry h] al?\gh he h sev]al wives already4 ,b if a betro!d girl be s$uc$1 ! crime is treat$ z adult]y & may be puni%$ by dea?4 ,h] int5d$ husb& has a "r to kill ! guilty man4 ,9 cases ( adult]y ! injur$ husb& may 9 l mann] kill ! s$uc]4 ,z = ! woman1 h] fir/ (f5ce may be condon$1 b subsequ5t (f5ces cause divorce or dea?4 ,:5 a wife has be5 guilty1 h] husb& w die if he ta/e any food t %e has salt$4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is sup]/ition a wife is v liable to be accus$ ( kill+ h] husb&4 ,:5 wom5 are prep>+ _! husb&'s food !y may ask a little girl to put ! salt 9 x4 ,) a fai?less wife ! husb& _c live until a ?ird p>ty 7mj9jila nyumba7 has be5 ) h]4 ,! "n ( ?is p>ty is conceal$ f ! husb& :o1 f jeal\sy1 might kill him4 ,aft] ! c]emony1 ! husb& & wife may live toge!r aga94 ,sev]al ( ^! obs]vances are expla9$ & enjo9$ at ! my/]ies 7#eb74 ,z adult]y is a crime n easily prov51 ! native appeal to ! sorc]]1 or ! ordeal 9 su* *>ges has a peculi> significance--x always leads to a def9ite decision4 ,,*apt] ,,xii4 ,,rights ,,( ,,prop]ty ,,& ,,(f5ces ,,aga9/ ,,!m4 #hc4 ,,public ,,prop]ty4 ,9 ,brita91 ! l& belongs to a proprietor1 s t if ano!r p]son g into ! woods & cut a tree1 he is trespass+ & damag+ prop]ty1 if he %oot a de] he is a poa*]4 ,b among ^! ,africans "o may cut z _m trees z he wi%es1 & hunt z long z he *ooses4 ,?is is n because ! l& is common prop]ty4 ,9 ! ,yao language ! *ief is expressly call$ ! 8own] ( ! soil04 ,x is r because trees are s abundant & gr[ s fa/ t ! natives are anxi\s to keep !m d[n4 ,9 ! same way de] are pl5tiful1 & x is bett] to let man fea/ on !m ?an to leave !m = ! lion or ! vulture4 ,! natives seem to be plac$ on c]ta9 spots = ! purpose ( subdu+ ! c\ntry & ma9ta9+ _! "r to exi/ aga9/ ! wild animals ar\nd !m1 & ?is mu/ h be5 s to a mu* great] ext5t at ! "t :5 ^! tribes =m$ _! #8social contract'4 ,ev5 z x is1 man looks a v puny object :5 plac$ amid/ ! va/ness ( ! ,african jungle4 ,human be+s are q lo/ among ! grass1 n to m5tion ! trees & bu%es4 ,h5ce 8to cat* a man among ! grass0 is a prov]bial expression :i* means to d "o an injury 9 secret4 ,illu/ration3 ,,natives ,,9 ,,! ,,african ,,jungle4 ,i %all make a few rem>ks1 fir/ on v>i\s k9ds ( public prop]ty 7#hd-ia71 & next on private prop]ty4 #hd4 ,,l&4 ,a man may hoe z mu* l& z he pleases1 & = any purpose4 ,he may make tr5*es = entrapp+ de]1 he may cut up ! gr\nd = great di/ances 9 se>* ( moles = 8 d9n]1 or he may beg9 to plant & make a f>m 7#fb74 ,he mu/ nev] cultivate gr\nd t has be5 betro!d by ano!r p>ty4 ,b z soon z he hoes a field ! gr\nd is entirely 8 own4 ,he hoes1 & plants1 & builds1 )\t pay+ any tax or r5t4 ,x has be5 said ) ref]5ce to v>i\s p>ts ( ,africa1 t ! soil belongs to ! tribe & t1 accord+ to ! native idea1 no *ief has a "r to make grants ( l&4 ,b ,i f\nd *iefs always will+ to grant z mu* l& z !y 7 ask$ =4 ,x w\ld be m correct to say t ^! natives d n "k :at c be ! use ( ,p]petual prop]ty 9 l&3 :5 _! fields are f>m$ = two or ?ree ye>s1 ! soil yields a poor return1 & !y f9d x necess>y to g to new gr\nd4 #he4 ,,timb]4 ,"o may cut wood :]ev] he *ooses4 ,i knew a *ief ask /rang]s to pay = trees t 7 cut to make canoes2 b he let 8 own subjects fell ! l>ge/ trees )\t dem&+ any tax4 ,at ! "t ( ! ,mission's arrival1 ! ,blantyre di/rict 0 cov]$ ) a d5se jungle1 :i* conta9$ n only an impassable mass ( "y trees1 b also a spr9kl+ ( old ones4 ,ab\t tw5ty ye>s be=e1 ! gr\nd _h be5 f>m$ ov] by natives :o _h !n cut d[n ! timb] = manure & firewood1 sp>+ only ^? l>g] trees1 "s ( :i* _h be5 ! pray] trees ( _! old villages4 #hf4 ,,roads4 ,any p]son may hoe up a public road4 ,_m a "t h ,i f\nd x difficult to keep ! pa? aft] a new village _h ris5 9 its neighb\rhood1 al?\gh ,i _h be5 famili> ) ! k+'s highway be=e4 ,:5 ! own] ( a f>m puts a bun* ( ?orns on a pa?1 e b>e-legg$ native und]/&s ! signal4 ,/ill ! road _c be clos$ altoge!r1 x w take a graceful curve r\nd ! side ( ! new f>m4 ,:]e x passes ?r\gh ! c5tre ( a l>ge field ! f>m] leaves x alone4 ,x is s h>d t he pref]s to try 8 hoe on ! surr\nd+ soil4 #hg4 ,,m9]als4 ,:]e "o has a "r to hoe at all1 he has a "r to all ! m9]als t he may f9d1 b if he dig mu* iron & make _m hoes1 he is expect$ to pres5t "s to ! *ief ( ! c\ntry4 ,no "o 9 ?is di/rict kn[s ab\t gold or silv]4 ,a piece ( calico is m valu$ ?an all ! co9s ( ! ,bank ( ,engl& w\ld be4 #hh4 ,,build+ ,,mat]ials4 ,grass1 re$s1 bamboos1 & o!r mat]ials us$ = erect+ huts may be cut any:]e4 ,9 ! dry season ! c\ntry is cov]$ ) grass ( f two to eight feet high1 accord+ to ! ri*ness ( ! soil4 ,?is mass ( vegetation w make an enorm\s blaze4 ,"s set x on fire to cat* de] or buffalo1 o!rs to cat* field-mice1 & o!rs = m]e sport4 ,anyone may burn ! grass1 b if ! flames spread to a village or a corn field1 ! fire-rais] is responsible = ! consequ5ces4 #hi4 ,,/reams ,,& ,,riv]s4 ,9 ?is di/rict "o may draw wat]1 ba!1 or cat* fi% any:]e4 ,:5 a numb] ( m5 h to cross a /ream at a place :]e !y see wom5 ba?+1 !y %\t out 8,travell]s6 ,travell]s60 7al5do74 ,s :5 a woman comes to a /ream & sees a man approa*+1 %e w (t5 turn back ) h] wat]-pot1 say+1 8,p]haps he wants to ba!04 ,!re are c]ta9 sup]/itions also1 & x is v common :5 walk+ along a /ream ev5 9 ! morn+ 7:5 no "o ba!s71 to see wom5 em]ge f a village & retreat z soon z !y obs]ve m5 advanc+4 ,z to fi%+1 !re is no re/riction1 & ! natives use ! euphorbia tree 7mtutu7 :i* kills fi% mu* z lime w\ld d4 #ij4 ,,hunt+4 ,any resid5t or travell] has a "r to hunt4 ,on %oot+ a l>ge buck or an elephant1 he is expect$ to s5d ! *ief a pres5t4 ,b if he be f> f ! *ief's pr9cipal village he seldom does s4 ,a company ( native travell]s :o %oot a buffalo out 9 ! bu% f> f ! abodes ( m51 w use ! :ole ( x !mselves4 ,/rang]s may be impos$ on by headm51 :o1 al?\gh l\d 9 mak+ dem&s1 h no "r to su* a pres5t4 ,b _! claim+ x1 %[s h[ mu* !y reg>d !mselves z be+ sep>ate k+s4 ,engli% hunt]s us$ to obta9 a great am\nt ( ivory n f> f ,blantyre1 mu* ( x be+ %ot 9 ,no-man's-l&4 ,! ,mangoni fir/ drove (f ! ,yao1 & !n rec$$ !mselves1 leav+ ! c\ntry unoccupi$4 #ia4 ,,travell+4 ,z a matt] ( !ory1 a p]son may travel 9 ?is "p ( ! c\ntry )\t ask+ p]mission1 b unless well acqua9t$ ) ! *iefs & ! p1 a =eign] w f9d x awkw>d to g )\t a guide4 ,x is easy1 h[ev]1 except 9 times ( w>1 to get a guide f "o *ief to ! next4 ,! "r to travel naturally implies ! "r to hunt2 arms mu/ be c>ri$ = protection & may be us$ to obta9 food4 #ib4 ,,private ,,prop]ty4 ,7 a native to c\nt ov] ! items ( 8 prop]ty he w\ld give a li/ l ?is3--7#a7 ,8 *ief wife1 :om1 h[ev]1 he _c sell 7#fj74 7#b7 ,inf]ior wives 7masulila7 ) _! *ildr54 7#c7 ,female slaves n relat$ to him 7a*ambumba pa mlango pao71 :o may be giv5 z wives to 8 male slaves4 7#d7 ,male slaves 7a*a*&a71 :o1 al?\gh valuable 9 times ( w>1 fet* l[] prices ?an females4 7#e7 ,8 money1 i4e41 clo? & beads 7:i* except 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ! ,mission are small items ( native prop]ty73 arr[-heads1 hoes1 & inde$ mo/ articles are us$ 9 b>t]+4 7#f7 ,implem5ts & weapons--axes1 hoes1 mort>s1 baskets1 guns1 spe>s1 c4 7#g7 ,h\ses1 crops1 f[ls4 ,9 ?is li/ he may include 8 si/]s or o!r relatives1 :o are to a great ext5t at 8 disposal 7#gg74 ,if ri*1 he may possess also a tusk ( ivory1 or a few goats4 ,:5 an attack is made a native t saves 8 life has little to lose4 ,! great] "p ( 8 prop]ty c run ) him & c>ry all 8 moveables4 ,ea* wife takes a *ild on h] back1 & a basket ) all h] goods on h] head4 ,! h\ses are left1 b ! p>ty c make a %elt] 9 a few m9utes4 ,! crop is ! man's greate/ loss1 ! roots & leaves ( ! jungle d n ta/e s well z 8 porridge4 #ic4 ,,borr[+ ,,& ,,l5d+4 ,! natives are fond ( borr[+ f ea* o!r4 ,if a s*ool-boy possess an unusual dress1 x goes r\nd ! :ole ( 8 companions4 ,(t5 a native begs = clo?1 & :5 told t he has en\gh1 he replies1 8,all t ,i am we>+ is borr[$04 ,likely ?is /atem5t is false1 b ! cu/om ( borr[+ is s common z to make ! falsehood plausible4 ,if a woman at ,quilimane l5d a pot1 %e expects on its return to receive some?+ = ! use ( x1 b ! m primitive natives ab\t ,blantyre l5d 8hop+ = no?+ aga910 9 ! %ape ( int]e/4 #id4 ,,petty ,,!ft4 ,_m cases ( pilf]+ dealt ) by village headm5 we might call petty !fts4 ,natives possess s little prop]ty t ne>ly all /eal+ f !m comes "u ?is head4 ,pluck+ ! e>s ( corn 9 a field is n crim9al4 ,! p]son t takes a cob ( maize leaves ! /alk s z to convey a well-kn[n mean+ to ! f>m]1 :o z he looks at ! signal is able to say1 8,oh6 x is a poor man t has eat5 because ( hung]10 or 8,x is my fri5d t has help$ himself04 ,b if ! smalle/ article be tak5 by an enemy1 a di/urbance arises4 ,natives are fairly hone/ among ea* o!r4 ,:5 "o is plund]$ by a companion he exclaims1 8,if y _h /ol5 f a :ite man1 !n ,i c\ld h und]/ood x1 b to /eal f a black man----04 ,sev]al articles 7 once c>ri$ (f f ! ,mission ,/ation4 ,z a rule1 :5 !ft is m5tion$1 ! natives say /eal+ is 8v bad10 8"s black m5 d n "k h[ to /eal1 o!r black m5 are v bad04 ,b "o little fell[1 on ?is occasion1 took a mild] view ( ! matt] & said to 8 in/ructor1 8,black man v poor1 ma'am04 ,among ! old] natives1 h[ev]1 a t5d5cy to ext5uate is seldom f\nd1 & (t5 we see cases l t m5tion$ by ,liv+/one1 :]e a p]son _h to dr9k mwai = tak+ a few e>s ( corn4 ,"o circum/ance t makes ev5 petty !ft v he9\s 9 ! eyes ( ! native is t ! ?ief is id5tifi$ ) ! ,bewit*]s 7#ajf74 ,he uses 8m$ic9e0 l !m1 & employs 8horns0 9 ! same way4 ,he has a *>m 7*itaka7 t enables him to g to a sleep] at night & ask1 8,:]e are y\r hoes8 ,:]e are y\r beads80 ,s complete is 8 p[] ov] 8 victims1 t he makes !m answ] all su* que/ions )\t wak+1 & s secure does he feel t he cooks porridge & takes a meal be=e leav+ ! plund]$ h\se4 ,s mu* is ?ief-m$ic9e believ$ 9 t few v5ture to /eal )\t seek+ ! prop] *>m4 ,h5ce x is t a ?ief becomes an object ( disgu/1 & may lose 8 life = tak+ a few articles :i* he might h got by simply ask+ ! own]4 ,! native view ab\t wit*es modifies ! :ole civil code4 ,any (f5ce may be br\ght "u ! t]rible crime ( wit*craft4 ,if a wife run away x is easy to conv9ce h] husb& t %e w\ld n h done s b = p[]ful 8wit*]y0 us$ aga9/ h]4 ,! foll[+ /atem5t s5t me by ,mr4 ,bu*anan ( ,zomba w fur!r illu/rate ! law ( !ft3-- ,aft] m5tion+ t 8a man f\nd /eal+ is 9 ! position ( a baboon1 hyna1 or hog1 etc41 & is z liable to be %ot d[n z any ( ^! animals10 ,mr4 ,bu*anan says1 8,kas&a1 "o ( my gaff]s1 _h *>ge ( a gang ( wom5 :o 7 c>ry+ clay f a swamp ab\t a mile di/ant1 & ,i all[$ him a gun p>tly because kidnapp+ 0 rife at ! "t1 & p>tly because he _h se5 an el& z he w5t to ! clay hole ! previ\s day4 ,:5 return+ 9 ! ev5+ he he>d a cra%+ noise 9 a clump ( sug> cane j ov] ! /ream4 ,cross+ z quickly & z quietly z possible1 he rea*$ ! spot unobs]v$1 & f\nd a man ty+ up a l>ge bundle ( cane4 ,he *all5g$ ! ?ief1 pres5t$ ! gun1 & _h ! case be5 8 own1 or _h he be5 s]v+ a native *ief1 he w\ld mo/ und\bt$ly h giv5 ! rascal its cont5ts1 b kn[+ t ! ,engli% disc\rag$ su* cu/oms1 & d\btful h[ ,i w\ld look on su* an act1 he all[$ ! man to escape4 ,! foll[+ day ,i s5t = ,kalimbuka1 %[$ him ! bundle ( cane1 & /at$ :at _h happ5$4 ,sev]al ( 8 c\nsellors accompani$ him1 & all 7 unanim\s 9 ass]t+ t accord+ to native law ,kas&a _h committ$ an egregi\s blund] 9 n %oot+ ! ?ief dead4 ,:ile /rongly object+ to ?is mode ( proc$ure1 ,i e>ne/ly enquir$ if su* 0 really ! law ( ! c\ntry1 & f\nd t x 04 ,i rememb] too t :5 ,mr4 ,macdonald & ,i w5t to visit ,malemya1 8 prime m9i/] told u ( an in/ance 9 :i* ?is law _h be5 c>ri$ out to ! bitt] end4 ,a man f ,*ikala _h /ol5 yams belong+ to ,malemya's p1 ! own]s lay 9 wait1 & ! ?ief return+ a second "t 0 %ot dead4 ,b :5 a man detects a ?ief 9 8 field dur+ ! day1 & kn[s ! ?ief well1 he ne$ n %oot or capture him unless he likes4 ,he may m>* to ! man's village1 ask ! *ief to turn out 8 m51 & !n po9t out ! depr$ator1 :o1 if n r$eem$1 becomes ! lawful prop]ty ( ! man :o own$ ! /ol5 /uff 7x matt]s n :at x be740 #ie4 ,,!ft ,,& ,,robb]y4 ,all ! above-m5tion$ classes ( prop]ty 7#ib7 are liable to be pilf]$1 & among ^! tribes x is p]haps human be+s t are (t5e/ /ol54 ,we d n n[ dwell on !ft z we h tak5 x to illu/rate ! g5]al treatm5t ( crime 7#gf74 ,:5 ! injur$ p>ty dem&s r$ress1 ! refusal is a decl>ation ( w>4 ,robb]y ) viol5ce & blood%$ is a decl>ation ( w> almo/ "u any circum/ances4 #if4 ,,miscellane\s ,,crimes ,,& ,,p5alties4 ,besides direct brea*es ( ! #f?1 #g?1 & #h? comm&m5ts ( ! ,decalogue1 :i* are all puni%able by dea?1 !re are _m o!r crimes recognis$ & puni%$ by native law4 ,burn+ a neighb\r's h\se1 sett+ fire to ! bu% & de/roy+ 8 crops1 & trespass+ s z to cause damage1 are in/ances t h sugge/$ to ! native ! lex talionis4 ,to ! "q 8,:at w\ld y d if y\r neighb\r de/roy$ y\r crop80 comes ! prompt reply1 8,i w\ld take 810 & _m injuries or accid5ts t result 9 ! loss ( prop]ty are settl$ accord+ly4 ,abus+ ano!r p]son--defamation ( "*--is also paid back 9 k9d1 unless ! /rong] p>ty give ! o!r a beat+ to ! b>ga94 ,to be call$ a li> is r a complim5t1 b to be call$ a bewit*] is mu* res5t$4 ,:5 a woman *>ges ano!r ) adult]y1 ! fight is (t5 furi\s2 !y bite & scrat* ea* o!r till !y are cov]$ ) blood & ! du/ or mud ( ! highway4 ,f9es may be paid 9 slaves or any o!r k9d ( prop]ty except ivory4 ,an (f5d] may be b\nd ov] to keep ! peace4 ,:5 convict$ ( "s misde$1 he pres5ts 8 sup]ior ) a spe>1 say+1 8,kill me if ,i (f5d y aga904 ,! tok5 is common betwe5 slaves & _! ma/]s4 ,9 review+ native puni%m5ts we f9d t almo/ e (f5ce may be puni%$ by dea?1 b :5 an (f5d] is n r$eem$1 ! p>ticul> puni%m5t is left to ! headman ( ! injur$ p>ty4 ,= in/ance1 if a headman ( ,kumpama's g & say1 8,*5yono has kill$ a subject ( m9e2 ,i h caught a subject ( 8 & want to kill him10 ! *ief's answ] w be1 8,he has done y wrong1 d accord+ to y\r he>t0 7poli mtima w5u74 ,! puni%m5t is ?us inflict$ n by ! crim9al's own *ief b by ! injur$ p>ty1 & x may fall1 n on ! guilty p]son1 b on "o connect$ ) him4 ,x is :5 a man transgresses aga9/ 8 own village-*ief t p]sonal responsibility is br\ght home to him4 ,:5 he transgresses aga9/ ano!r village1 8 own *ief pays = him4 ,( puni%m5ts inflict$ = small (f5ces by sup]iors on _! own w>ds1 imprisonm5t 9 a slave-/ick is common1 & may be inflict$ by a husb& on 8 wives1 or by ! *ief wife on h] subord9ates4 ,beat+ is ano!r puni%m5t4 ,:5 a slave is s5t to keep (f ! monkeys1 & lets !m eat ! corn1 he w ta/e ! rod3 s w a *ild1 or ev5 a y\ng] bro!r4 ,^! beat+s :5 inflict$ are v sev]e1 b !y are r>ely ne$$1 slaves be+ g5]ally ob$i5t1 & "y p respectful4 ,ju/ice is evad$ by runn+ to ! c\ntry ( a ho/ile *ief4 ,x is common 7z x is prud5t7 = a fugitive to /eal some?+ f 8 pres5t *ief z a gift to ! man t receives him4 ,,*apt] ,,xiii4 ,,inh]itance ,,& ,,int]national ,,law4 #ig4 ,,inh]itance4 8444 ! wife ( ! dead %all n m>ry )\t unto a /rang]2 h] husb&'s bro!r %all g 9 unto h] & take h] to him to wife40--,,deut4 xxv4 #e4 ,:5 a man dies1 "p ( 8 goods is buri$ ) him1 "p goes to pay ! prec5tor at ! wake1 & to fea/ ! und]tak]s & fri5ds4 ,besides ^! & su* l fun]al exp5ses1 !re is ! co/ ( ! legal inve/igation into ! cause ( dea?1 & ?is item if n repaid by damages f ! bewit*] 7#ajg71 w be ! mo/ exp5sive piece ( m\rn+4 ,! rema9d] ( 8 prop]ty 7#ib71 includ+ 8 wives & *ildr51 passes on1 )\t any gov]nm5t tax1 to 8 heir4 ,! ne>e/ heir is 8 elde/ bro!r1 :o obta9s complete possession4 ,?is is no h>d%ip to y\ng] bro!rs1 :o w succe$ 9 _! turn4 ,fail+ a bro!r1 !re comes ! elde/ si/]1 n inde$ h]self b h] son1 s t ! next heir aft] a man's y\ng] bro!r is 8 nephew 7mwipwagwao74 ,by ?is cu/om a man's own *ildr5 are purposely set aside4 ,:5 we tell ! natives ab\t ! ,engli% law ( succession1 !y say t x is 8v /upid04 ,!y want to be sure t ! heir really has ! family blood 9 8 ve9s1 & !y _c tru/ t a man's sons answ] to ?is description4 ,! same laws ( inh]itance are f\nd 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,africa--z = in/ance among ! ,a%anti on ! ,we/]n ,coa/4 ,any w t attempt$ to /rike at ?is cu/om w\ld be at once set aside4 ,:]e writ+ is unkn[n1 writt5 wills are impossible1 b no w w\ld be recognis$ except p]haps 9 ! case ( "s trifl+ matt]s4 ,if ! rightful heir be a m9or 7i4e41 a m]e *ild71 "s "o takes ! inh]itance till he comes ( age4 ,! fir/-born always has ! prec$5ce1 ! y\ng] bro!r be+ no?+ :ile ! eld] is alive4 ,we saw an amus+ illu/ration ( ?is 9 ! case ( our own two *ildr54 ,on ! bir? ( ! fir/1 ! relatives ( ! *ief ,kap5i patronis$ him & ev5 propos$ a wife = him1 :ile all ! natives call$ him little ,kap5i4 ,b ! second *ild !y took no notice (1 he 0 m]ely 8! y\ng] bro!r ( little ,kap5i04 ,! heir pays any debt t may be on ! inh]itance1 he also takes ! risk ( ! 8wit*craft0 trial4 ,if 8 pr$ecessor di$ by wit*craft1 he receives a l>ge f9e f ! bewit*]'s e/ate1 b if 8 pr$ecessor di$ by ! poison 7mwai71 he pays a f9e to ! bewit*$ p]sons1 or _! repres5tatives4 ,! great majority ( ! natives are ! victims ( wit*craft "o way or o!r4 ,!y ei!r die ( wit*craft !mselves 7#ajf71 or are poison$ because !y bewit*$ "s "o else4 ,on ! day ( ent]+ on 8 inh]itance ! heir m>ries n only ! inf]ior wives1 b ! *ief wife ( 8 pr$ecessor 7#dc74 ,%\ld %e h prop]ty h] sureties look aft] h] int]e/4 ,a m>ri$ woman1 if free1 may h prop]ty--%e may be a h]bali/1 or a 8cook0 at ! my/]ies1 or %e may make money by h] fl\r & f[ls4 ,:5 a wife dies possess+ weal?1 h] husb& to keep (f ! 8surety0 7#dh71 asks a y\ng] si/] to m>ry him1 & take *>ge ( 7kwa*+a7 ! *ildr54 ,if he _c succe$ 9 ?is1 ! goods may be divid$1 "p go+ to ! husb& & "p to ! sureties ( ! wife4 #ih4 ,,succession ,,to ,,! ,,*iefta9%ip4 ,! ord] ( ?is succession is ! same z 9 ord9>y inh]itance4 ,! *ief's ne>e/ heir is ! elde/ ( 8 bro!rs 7#ig71 :o w be y\ng] ?an ! *ief himself1 o!rwise he w\ld h _h a prior claim to ! title4 ,next to y\ng] bro!rs come nephews1 b n ! sons ( a bro!r1 :o are really reckon$ ! sons ( ! *ief 7#fj74 ,occasionally natives set aside ?is ord] ( succession4 ,! p>ties conc]n$ are--7#a7 ,! deceas$ man's slaves4 7#b7 ,8 wives & *ildr51 _m ( :om are also slaves4 7#c7 ,headm5 relat$ to ! *ief4 7#d7 ,headm5 n relat$ to ! *ief4 ,! #crd class are n imp>tial judges1 because "s ( !m may be c&idates = ! ?rone4 ,! #d? class1 h[ev]1 (t5 d mu* to settle disputes4 ,b /range to say1 x is ! slaves & wives1 ! #a/ & #bnd class1 t raise ! l\de/ voice4 ,!y are a num]\s & p[]ful body1 & may conta9 "s ( ! old *ief's be/ fight]s4 ,on ! dea? ( ! =m] ,malemya ( ,zomba1 !re surviv$ a y\ng] bro!r ,kumtaja1 :o1 s f> z bir? w5t1 0 ! rightful heir2 b !re 0 also a nephew call$ ,kasabola4 ,kumtaja urg$ 8 claim1 b ! slaves 7a*a*&a7 dislik$ him1 & s did _m ( ! headm5 7alambi74 ,moreov]1 all ! wives ( ! old *ief desir$ ,kasabola1 & quot$ a say+ ( ! deceas$ *ief 9 8 fav\r4 ,! ,alambi said1 8,if ,kumtaja ent] ,malemya's village1 all t reside !re w run away10 & accord+ly ,kasabola 0 made 8,malemya04 ,/ill x is dang]\s to tamp] ) ! law ( ! l&4 ,kumtaja set up an indep5d5t k+dom1 tak+ to him su* headm5 z w\ld g2 & _h !re be5 a division among ! wives or slaves1 he might h claim$ all t wi%$ to adh]e to him4 ,at an in/allation !re are sev]al c]emonies1 :i*1 h[ev]1 v>y among diff]5t tribes4 ,! new *ief fir/ gets a sev]e lecture1 9 :i* he is told t he mu/ be hospitable & n beat 8 p too mu*4 ,aft]w>ds he is =mally in/all$ 9 (fice 7#cd74 ,8 temples are girt ) ! br[-b& 7ndawila71 :i* he w h5ce=? we> on e =mal occasion4 ,he is !n call$ by 8 new "n1 & receiv$ ) songs ( rejoic+4 ,8 assumption ( ! "n is mu* dwelt on4 ,:5 old ,kap5i ( ,so*i became *ief 9 ! di/ant ,yao c\ntry1 be=e 8 tribe migrat$1 ! songs & ! response1 8,awo ,kap5i 'wo0 7t is ,kap5i71 produc$ an impression t is fre% 9 ! memory ( 8 p to ?is day4 ,! *ief may appo9t a high prie/ 7jua mbepesi7 ( 8 gov]nm5t1 :o is also call$ 8 capta94 ,x is ! duty ( ?is man to c>ry ! *ief's bann] & lead 8 army4 ,! *ief seldom goes to battle2 8he /ays beh9d to supply p[d] & deal ) des]t]s04 ,ano!r duty ( ! high prie/ is to f9d out :e!r w> is to be successful1 b if he fail to get a fav\rable answ]1 ! *ief himself pres5ts ! (f]+1 = j z e headman is ! prie/ ( 8 village 7#g71 s ! *ief is ! real high prie/ ( ! c\ntry4 ,if ! army g =? & be ?or\ghly defeat$ aft] ! (f]+s decl>e victory to be c]ta91 ! p simply say1 8,our ,god has deceiv$ u04 ,:5 ! *ief has a be]-dr9k+1 8 prie/ or capta9 br+s out ! be] to ! gue/s1 & ta/es x to %[ t x is n poison$4 ,9 ! case ( ,engli% visitors1 ! ,magololo headm5 ta/e all ! food !mselves1 b at ,kap5i's capital 8 prie/ g5]ally p]=ms ! c]emony4 ,:5 !re is a wit*-dance at a place :]e ! *ief _c att5d1 ! prie/ is s5t to repres5t him1 & takes a prom95t place 9 beat+ ! drums4 ,_m c]emonies se5 at a *ief's in/allation are obs]v$ :5 any "o succe$s to a village4 ,moreov]1 s9ce x is only c]ta9 families t h br[-b&s1 a headman may we> ! badge :]e 8 *ief has no "r to d s4 ,headm5 don x :5 presid+ at trials1 or :5 !y g to a be]-dr9k+ 9 full dress6 #ii4 ,,int]national ,,law4 ,disputes betwe5 a ma/] & 8 slave1 betwe5 a gov]nor & 8 w>d1 betwe5 a headman & 8 villag]1 or betwe5 a *ief & 8 headman1 are easily settl$ by ! p[] ( ! ,sup]ior4 ,b disputes betwe5 diff]5t villages are m puzzl+4 ,if a man ( ,*+ota's kill a man ( ,matope's 9 ,*uma's village1 ! ?ree headm5 may be involv$ only1 :5 all belong to "o *ief1 ref]5ce is ultimately made to him4 ,b :5 !y belong to diff]5t *iefs ! case is r5d]$ m dang]\s1 z _! respective *iefs may become p>ties4 ,! foll[+ in/ances %[ h[ cases betwe5 *iefs are settl$4 ,if a subject ( ,malemya be kill$ 9 a village ( ,kap5i's by m5 ( ,kumpama1#aa ,malemya expects ,kap5i to cat* ! crim9als & h& !m ov] to him2 & ,kap5i mu/ d s1 o!rwise he becomes a p>ty to ! crime4 ,kumpama s5ds a message to ,kap5i ask+1 8,:]e are ^? m5 ( m9e t w5t to y\r t]ritory80 & ,kap5i ref]s him bo? n[ & 9 all subsequ5t /eps ( ! dispute to ,malemya4 ,! *ief ( a c\ntry ?us takes cognisance ( crimes committ$ 9 8 l& n by puni%+ ! guilty p>ties himself1 b by h&+ !m ov] to ! injur$4 ,aga91 suppose t ,malemya's m5 :5 c>ry+ goods = ,kap5i 7 plund]$ by subjects ( ,kumpama1 if ! de$ be done 9 ,malemya's t]ritory1 ,malemya takes ! matt] up1 b if ! goods be once out ( 8 t]ritory1 ,kap5i becomes prosecutor4 ,9 ei!r case ,kumpama is ask$ to surr5d] ! ?ieves1 & is liable to puni%m5t1 ei!r because he is a p>ty to ! !ft1 or because he fails to gov]n 8 k+dom 9 ! prop] way4 #ajj4 ,,g5]al ,,rem>ks ,,on ,,native ,,law4 ,z law is a subject ( great complexity 9 all c\ntries1 x mu/ n be suppos$ t we h settl$ e "q4 ,9 a native dispute difficulties may arise reg>d+ ! =m ( prosecution1 ! =m ( evid5ce1 ! prop] c\rt1 ! position & memb]s ( t c\rt1 & 9 %ort at e /ep4 ,^! special difficulties are settl$ accord+ to ! m]its ( ea* case3 & _c be "h solv$ )\t treat+ ! subject ) a m9ut5ess t w\ld be too t$i\s = ! mo/ ard5t /ud5t ( ,african cu/oms4 #aja4 ,,w>4 ,z w> may beg9 9 ,africa )\t any provocation at all1 trivial reasons are q suffici5t to produce bloody feuds4 ,h5ce1 qu>rels t 9 civilis$ c\ntries w\ld be m]e law suits become occasions = w>4 ,a *ief decl>es w> by kill+ or kidnapp+ "s ( 8 enemies4 ,he may ei!r f9d !m on a j\rney1 or s5d an exp$ition to _! villages4 ,de$s ( ?is k9d proclaim t a mess5g] s5t to ! aggressor w be ei!r sla9 or s5t back mutilat$1 ! two p>ties are n[ decl>$ enemies1 & all fri5dly int]c\rse is at an end4 ,w> may be decl>$ on a travell+ p>ty by simply call+ out 8ngondo0 7w>74 ,! natives conduct w> by mak+ a s]ies ( attacks 9 ord] to plund] or to de/roy by fire & sword4 ,! ,yao *iefs say t !y d n attack by night--8to attack by night is a sneak+ piece ( conduct fit only = ! ,anyasa & ! ,a*ipeta04 ,b !y c expla9 ) great reli% ! me?od ( night attack4 ,a b& ( m5 g to an enemy's village :5 ! p are all 9 b$4 ,!y c>ry /icks f9ely %>p5$ at ! po9t 7songa71 & place !m 9 ! gr\nd "r be=e ! hut doors1 & 9 su* a way t a native com+ ha/ily out ( ! h\se 9 8 usual dress w run "o ( !m into 8 body4 ,aft] sett+ ?is trap1 ! invad]s apply fire to ! v>i\s h\ses1 & !n look on ) load$ guns4 ,sometimes !y tie up ! doors be=e sett+ ! h\ses on fire1 b unless _! animosity be v deadly1 !y w n burn all _! foes4 ,x is m pr(itable to capture ! wom5 & *ildr5 = sale4 ,! bolde/ ( _! enemies w be ! fir/ to ru% =? to inve/igate ! di/urbance1 & once !y h impal$ !mselves on ! %>p-po9t$ /icks1 _! wives c easily be captur$4 ,a w> may end 9 v>i\s ways4 ,"o ( ! p>ties may be entirely brok5 & driv5 f ! c\ntry1 _! wives & *ildr5 becom+ slaves4 ,or ! weak] may succe$ 9 buy+ a peace4 ,two ho/ile *iefs may cont9ue beside ea* o!r = _m ye>s1 afraid to risk any?+ m s]i\s ?an kidnapp+4 ,s9ce ! natives tru/ greatly to w> m$ic9e1 a small *ief t long ma9ta9s 8 position aga9/ a /rong]1 & occasionally ga9s a battle1 is believ$ to h a p[]ful 8m$ic9e10 & is fe>$ accord+ly4 ,native w>s frequ5tly cause m dea?s ?r\gh fam9e ?an ?r\gh actual slaught]4 ,all natives confess t w> is 8bad10 b /rangely en\gh ea* race values itself ^u its milit>y p[]s4 ,ev5 ! ,a*ipeta1 al?\gh !y h be5 completely vanqui%$ by ! ,mangoni1 w boa/1 8,9 our c\ntry we "k no?+ b w>04 ,natives jump & sw+ _! guns ab\t by way ( mak+ a w> dance1 b ^! evolutions be+ orig9ally adapt$ = _! long spe>s1 are unsuitable = guns4 ,! ,mangoni1 l ! ,zulus1 h a special tra9+ = w>4 ,native fights rem9d "o ( ! days ( ,hom]4 ,a good tongue is z ess5tial z a good spe>4 ,s long z a combatant has c\rage to dem& 8 rights1 ! fact t ! enemy has 8eat50 a numb] ( 8 foll[]s is reg>d$ z m]e by-play4 ,,*apt] ,,xiv4 ,a ,,slave ,,gov]nm5t4 #ajb4 ,,! ,,magololo4 ,z an illu/ration ( a ,slave ,gov]nm5t1 we %all "h ins]t a few rem>ks on ! ,magololo1 :o are half-a-doz5 m5 t came ) ,dr4 ,liv+/one a j\rney ( 8_m moons0 f ! s\? ( ! ,zambeze--f ! l&1 :i* on maps ( ,africa is m>k$ ,makololo4 ,hi!rto we h spok5 ( *iefs & headm5 rul+ among free p4 ,! native ^w = 8free0 means 8belong+ to ! tribe10 & implies t p]sons fall+ into ! p[] ( ano!r tribe lose _! rights4 ,! ,anyasa "u ! ,magololo are 9 ! h&s ( ali5s1 by :om !y are consequ5tly treat$ z if !y 7 captives4 ,:5 n promptly obey$1 a ,magololo cries1 8,all ! ,anyasa are my slaves02 h5ce al?\gh he has _m good po9ts ab\t him1 8 gov]nm5t is sev]e1 & he is m suspici\s ?an ! ,yao *iefs :o rule _! own k9sm54 8,! ,magololo10 accord+ to ,mr4 ,r[ley 7#bgg71 8sprung all at once f a condition little remov$ f bondage to t ( lords ( ! creation4 ,:5 left by ,dr4 ,liv+/one1 !y _h little b _! guns & ammunition4 ,) guns !y knew !mselves to be =midable4 ,!y hunt$ ! slav]s f> & ne>1 releas$ captives & took ! plund]4 ,! wom5 ?us releas$ !y took = wives1 ! m5 & boys !y kept = slaves4 ,!y _h no %eep1 goats1 nor corn1 b ! ,anyasa _h1 & z 9 _! own c\ntry1 ! possession ( cattle by a neighb\r is a good casus belli1 !y 7 prep>$ to make w> on ! ,anyasa = _! flocks & corn1 if ! latt] did n yield !m )\t resi/ance4 ,! ,anyasa yield$1 & ?us arose ! bleat+ ( %eep & goats1 ! cackl+ ( f[ls & ! well-/ock$ h\ses ( corn 9 ! ,magololo habitations40 8,x 0 a great mi/ake on ! "p ( ,dr4 ,liv+/one to leave ! ,makololo at ,*ibisa's unprovid$ ) ev]y?+ b arms4 ,!y 7 id5tifi$ ) ! ,engli%--!y adopt$ our "n 9 _! raids40 ,! rem>k t ^! m5 are id5tifi$ ) ! ,engli% holds true to ?is day4 ,*iputula1 "o ( ! ,magololo1 0 view$ by ,matek5ya z a 8*ild0 or 8subject0 ( ! ,engli%1 & ,matek5ya (t5 put ! "q1 8,:at w ! ,engli% d if ,i kill ,*iputula80 ,! latt] us$ to be con/antly entreat+ u to s5d messages to ,matek5ya3 & ,dr4 ,mackl9 once br\ght up a 8son0 ( ,matek5ya to conclude a peace ) ,*iputula4 8,mangokwe talk$ ( driv+ !m out ( ! c\ntry1 b !y w\ld h driv5 l %eep five times ! numb] ( ,anyasa t ,mangokwe c\ld h br\ght aga9/ !m1 & s he appe>$ to ?9k 4440 7#bnd edition1 p4 #bgh74 8,!y _h plund]$ ! c\ntry on all sides1 & s great 0 ! t]ror ( !m t ! ,anyasa 7 afraid to come to u ) food4 ,x 0 necess>y1 !re=e1 to take vigor\s measures1 & cat*+ "o ( !m 79 ! act ( /eal+71 ,i laid hold ( a /ick & gave ! fell[ a good ?ra%+40 ,! writ] describes h[ !y cont9u$ am5able to ! au?ority ( ! ,engli%4 ,:5 ! ,scot* ,missions settl$ 9 ,c5tral ,africa1 ^! ,magololo readily s5t _! sons fir/ to ! ,free ,*ur* ,mission1 & subsequ5tly to ,blantyre1 :i* 0 ne>] _! home4 ,?is 0 due to _! previ\s acqua9tance ) ! 8,engli%04 ,"s ,magololo *ildr5 came to ,blantyre ab\t a mon? aft] my arrival4 ,b ,i wr\ght /eadily 9 s*ool = ?ree ye>s aft]w>ds1 be=e ,kap5i1 ! ,yao *ief1 s5t 8 sons4 ,dur+ ! "t ( flight & fam9e1 ! beg9n+ ( :i* is describ$ by ,mr4 ,r[ley1 "s headm5 ( ! ,anyasa fl$ t[>ds ,tete1 b ! mo/ important di$4 ,p di$ )\t any reason 7lulele71 !re 0 q a dy+ 7*aola7 among ! race4 ,!n ! ,magololo 8got 9 _! f+]s0 7kw9jila yala74 ,!y took possession ( ! *ildr5 ( ! deceas$1 !y kill$ o!rs & took _! families also4 ,!y _h no "r to act 9 ?is way1 b !y reli$ on _! p[]1 :i* increas$ e day till !y c\ld claim all ! ,anyasa on ! l[] ,*iri = _! subjects4 ,^! helpless p h suff]$ exce$+ly f w>1 & h be5 enslav$ 9 all directions4 ,ne> ,blantyre _m ( !m reside z slaves among ! ,yao4 ,at ,zomba !re is an important ,anyasa headman :o al?\gh possess+ sev]al villages1 is "u a ,ma*+a *ief4 ,ev5 on ,lake ,nyassa 7,nyasa7 itself1 mo/ ( ! un=tunate tribe are "u ,yao or ,ma*+a rul]s4 ,on an isl& 9 ,*irwa _m ( !m are pack$ toge!r to escape slav]s 7#fb74 #ajc4 ,,gov]nm5t ,,( ,,slaves4 ,9 _! normal /ate1 ! ,anyasa h ! same cu/oms z ! ,yao 7#a-ajb71 b "u ! ,magololo !y are gov]n$ l prison]s ( w>4 ,9 a ,yao village ! p are rul$ by a headman ( _! own k9dr$ 7#fb71 :o has p[] to try all village cases4 ,among ! ,magololo !re are no su* headm51 ! lead+ man 9 ! village is m]ely a sort ( ov]se] or taskma/]1 put !re by ! *ief & possess+ no civil or crim9al jurisdiction4 ,:ile ! ,yao are n compell$ to hoe _! *ief's fields1 ! ,magololo villag]s _c beg9 to cultivate = !mselves till !y h fir/ 8f9i%$ ! *ief's f>m04 ,aft] do+ ?is1 ! ov]se]s & ! villag]s "u !m may beg9 to cultivate gr\nd = _! own su/5ance4 ,at all times !y may cut trees = _! own fires4 ,:5 !y make canoes ^! are n = !mselves1 b = ! *ief4 ,:ile ! ,yao h village p>liam5ts1 ! ,magololo are autocrats1 :o keep _! p at arm's l5g?4 ,a subject ( ! ,magololo1 on kill+ a buck c>ries ! :ole animal to ! capital4 ,he gets back two legs1 & ! *ief keeps ! re/4 ,! *ief 9 l mann] takes all ! ivory1 & gives ! poor hunt] only a small pres5t ( clo?4 ,:ile among ! ,yao ea* woman has a surety 7#dh71 ! ,magololo dispose ( female *ildr5 z ma/]s dispose ( slaves 7#ei1 #ib74 ,!y ev5 try to make all ! *ildr5 ( _! subjects live ) !mselves--a measure :i* ali5ates ! m respectable ( _! p4 ,by ! ,magololo all refugees are expressly receiv$ z slaves ev5 ?\gh !y 7 free be=e4 #ajd4 ,,pro( ,,& ,,puni%m5t4 ,ordeals4 ,! ,magololo prep>e mwai1 call _! p 9 great numb]s & comm& !m to dr9k x4 ,sev]al die 9 "o day1 :o 7 !re=e bewit*]s & des]v$ _! fate4 ,i h se5 s _m :o h drunk mwai ) ! ,magololo & recov]$1 t ,i am incl9$ to ?9k ei!r t ! poison is ( a mild] type1 or t x is n fairly adm9i/]$4 ,al?\gh ! ,yao are n compell$ to dr9k x1 except = /rong reasons1 among !m ! *ance ( recov]y is small]4 ,inve/igation by torture is "o ( ! sadde/ ?+s t ! ,magololo practise4 ,x is (t5 employ$ 9 cases ( alleg$ adult]y4 ,:5 a ,magololo suspects 8 wives ( ?is crime1 he places a /one 9 a j> ( boil+ wat] or oil1 & ord]s !m to fet* x up ) _! b>e arms4 ,he !n judges ( _! guilt by ! am\nt ( injury !y su/a94 ,:5 a woman is ?us convict$1 he makes h] confess :o s$uc$ h]4 ,9 va9 does ! helpless creature prote/ t %e is innoc5t4 ,not)/&+ t h] arm is sev]ely scald$1 %e is subject$ to ! mo/ cruel torture by a k9d ( 8?umbscrew0 7mbanilo7 :i* is appli$ to h] head4 ,a small tree 7katela7 is p>tly divid$ along ! middle1 ! skull ( ! poor woman is ins]t$ z if x 7 a w$ge = splitt+ ! tree /ill f>!r4 ,great pressure is ex]t$ by =c+ ! halves ( ! tree toge!r ) ! aid ( pulleys4 ,! in/rum5t works l a gigantic nut-crack]1 & dur+ its op]ation ! *ief & 8 assi/ants look on ) calm satisfaction1 & sugge/ ! "n ( h] s$uc]4 ,:5 ! woman1 "u ?is torture1 indicates t ! man is guilty1 he is put to dea? )\t a trial4 ,%\ld he plead t he kn[s no?+ ( ! crime1 ! *ief takes no notice ( 8 prote/ation4 ,p]haps ! woman h]self is q guiltless1 & has be5 convict$ solely by ! ordeal4 ,! ,yao us$ to apply ?is me?od ( torture 7kuwana7 to a bewit*] 9 ord] to extort a confession4 ,! bewit*] 0 fir/ prov$ guilty by ! oracle1 & !n _h 8 head squeez$ till he told :]e he _h buri$ 8 horns4 ,b n[ ! detective bo? proves ! guilt & f9ds ! horns 7#ajg74 ,among ! ,yao at pres5t ?is process ( torture is seldom appli$ to free p4 ,ev5 9 s]i\s cases ! ,magololo may refuse to give any trial 8because ! accus$ 0 _! slave04 ,crimes & ,puni%m5t4 ,petty !ft1 z ( a f[l1 is puni%$ among ! ,magololo by flogg+ ) :ips ( elephant hide4 ,!re is no =mal trial4 ,if ! crim9al says he has n /ol51 ! *ief says he is a li>1 :i*1 to d ! *ief ju/ice1 is (t5 ! case4 ,cropp+ a ?ief's e>s1 & cutt+ (f 8 f+]s1 are also practis$4 ,few ,yao take su* decid$ measures ev5 ) _! slaves4 ,= !ft ( any?+ m valuable ! puni%m5t is dea?4 ,a man t /eals a %eep or a goat is /abb$ & ?r[n into ! riv]4 ,on o!r occasions he is flogg$ to dea? ) :ips ( elephant hide4 8,b d !y always want to kill a ?ief :5 !y flog him80 8,no1 sometimes !y /op be=e he is dead1 & !n ! man's companions rem>k1 #8,y h be5 v =tunate to-day6'0 ,at o!r times a ?ief is made a public example1 9 :i* case he has 8 h&s & 8 feet1 or "o or m ( ^! memb]s1 cut (f1 & is plac$ 9 ! =um = 8two days04 ,aft] ?is he is kill$ & ?r[n into ! riv]4 ,we ask$1 8,b does n ! man ble$ to dea? 9 a %ort "t80 8,n always10 0 ! reply1 8b ! place :]e he sat is cov]$ ) 8 blood1 & ! *ief kills a goat1 :i* is disemb[ell$ on t spot04 ,! ,yao d n (t5 kill or mutilate 9 ?is way except 9 cases :]e !y c get no comp5sation3 b :5 !y cat* an enemy1 !y cut (f 8 h& & tell him to g home & %[ h[ he has be5 receiv$4 ,adult]y ) _! own wives ! ,magololo all puni% ) dea?4 ,b :5 ! crime is only among _! p1 _! puni%m5t is n uni=m4 ,*iputula inflicts capital puni%m5t on all adult]]s1 rem>k+ t 8next day !y w\ld int]f]e ) 8 own wives04 ,makukani1 :5 "o ( 8 m5 compla9s aga9/ ano!r1 may ord] ! accus$ to h& ov] 8 wife = a week or m to ! accus]4 ,:5 "o ( ^! *iefs wi%es to make an example ( an adult]]1 ! me?od is z b>b>\s z c well be conceiv$4 ,! victim has 8 h& or "s o!r "p ( 8 body cut (f1 & he is !n compell$ to eat x4 ,i 0 unwill+ to believe ?is1 till ,i met m5 t _h be5 eye-witnesses on sev]al occasions1 & !n x appe>$ t ! cu/om 0 notori\s4 ,we ask$1 8,:y d ! crim9als cons5t to eat "p ( _! bodies80 ,! reply 01 8,! *ief p]suades 7ny5ga7 or *eats !m to d s4 ,!y ?9k t if !y eat1 he w all[ !m to live40 ,b 9 all su* cases execution soon foll[s4 ,! practices ( ! ,magololo n only furni% an illu/ration ( h[ individual slaves & captives are treat$1 b %[ h[ a /rong gov]nm5t 9 a b>b>\s l& may 8gr9d0 its subjects4 ,aft] a *ief has be5 successful 9 _m w>s1 he beg9s to ?9k t bo? 8 slaves & 8 own k9sm5 d]ive all life & prop]ty f him1 & hold ^! privileges dur+ 8 pleasure4 ,,*apt] ,,xv4 ,,wit*craft4 #aje4 ,,! ,,poison$ ,,cup 7,,mwai47 ,! poison s (t5 ref]r$ to 9 connection ) native trials is made f ! b>k ( ! mwai tree1 :i* gr[s pl5tifully ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry4 ,! dose is ab\t two gills1 & is prep>$ by a p\nd] ( poison 7#a74 ,! accus$1 x is said1 has a voice 9 ! selection ( ! p\nd]1 b s implicitly is ! ordeal believ$ 9 t ! natives ?9k x is ( little consequ5ce :o 8p\nds0 x2 /ill mo/ tribes seem to h a mild] concoction = trivial (f5ces4 ,! drug may be tak5 by proxy--x may be adm9i/]$ to a dog or a f[l or "s animal repres5t+ ! accus$4 ,9 ?is case ! animal is ti$ by a /r+ to ! crim9al4 ,if x survive1 ! accus$ is innoc5t1 if x die1 he is guilty4 ,?is me?od ( adm9i/]+ ! ordeal is m humane1 & is all[$ 9 small] (f5ces4 ,x is mu* us$ by ! natives t live ne> ! coa/4 ,inde$1 ! inhabitants ( ,quilimane believe 9 ! ordeal z implicitly z ! tribes ( ! int]ior1 & al?\gh !y h be5 9 contact ) ,europeans = c5turies1 !y 7 accu/om$ :5 call$ be=e a ,portuguese judge to swe> on ! mwai in/ead ( ! ,bible4 #ajf4 ,,wit*craft 7,,usawi47 ,we h n[ describ$ s _m native cu/oms t x is "t to set our exam9ation pap] t ! read] may satisfy himself z to 8 progress 9 ,african lore4 ,we !re=e propose ! foll[+ "q1 8,:5 a man is kill$ by a wild bea/1 d ! natives ?9k he di$ by ! h& ( ,god80 ,if ! read] c answ] ?is1 he has /udi$ ! subject ) pr(it1 & he w\ld be able to answ] _m simil> que/ions4 ,= ^? :o are d\btful we %all submit our own view4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! "q z ,*ri/ians und]/& x1 is q un9telligible to ! native4 ,we h reason to believe t 9 ! times ( 8 philosophis+1 ! idea ( a ,supreme ,be+ rises be=e 8 m9d1 b t ,be+ is to him 8a ,god af> (f0 :o takes no?+ to d ) ! ord9>y c\rse ( ev5ts1 & f ^: h&1 !re=e1 dea? or mis=tune nev] comes4 ,we mu/ try !n to int]pret ! "q z ! native does 7#c71 & we are ?us l$ to enquire :e!r dea? comes f ! h& ( ! ,dep>t$ ,spirits4 ,n[ und\bt$ly ^! spirits h great p[]4 ,"u _! auspices j\rneys are successful1 by _! assemblies fam9e is av]t$1 ?r\gh _! influ5ce dea? is driv5 away4 ,yet x is n s mu* _! bus9ess ei!r to cause evil or to prev5t x1 z to indicate :e!r evil be com+4 ,! dep>t$ _s may h to answ] a "q l ?is1 8,if ,saul come d[n1 & if ,i rema9 "h1 w ! m5 ( ,keilah deliv] me up80 ,n[ by giv+ a false answ]1 ! _s may br+ ab\t ! dea? ( 8 wor%ipp]s4 ,yet x is n ! _s t kills !m--! real cause ( all su* mis*ief 9 ?is l[] _w is ! ,bewit*]4 ,:5 we rem>k t ! god is q z mu* to blame1 ! natives say1 8,!re is no use ( blam+ ! god4 ,he did n set ! horns40 ,x is on ! ,bewit*] !re=e t all responsibility lies4 ,! ^w 8,bewit*]0 7msawi7 c>ries ) x two ideas--! p]son s call$ 7#a7 has p[] or k suffici5t = ! practice ( occult arts1 & 7#b7 is addict$ to cannibalism4 ,! second mean+ is ! m prom95t4 ,let a p]son eat a morsel ( 8 deceas$ fri5d1 & ?\gh he be ! feeble/ & dulle/-look+ creature 9 ! _w he is msawi ,?is ?r[s light ^u ! native view ( wit*craft4 ,wit*es kill a victim = ! purpose ( eat+ him3 n only s1 b e man t dies ev5 :at we call a natural dea? is really kill$ by wit*es4 ,^! t]rible be+s visit _! victim :5 asleep 7#id7 & in/il a p[]ful poison into 8 e>s4 ,!y c>ry out _! inf]nal tricks *iefly by means ( horns 7mis5go47 ,( !mselves ^! horns may be h>mless1 be+ m]ely ! horns ( small buck1 & if a bewit*] 7 to die aft] bury+ ^! weapons1 !y w\ld h no evil influ5ce4 ,b z a matt] ( fact1 su* horns are always dang]\s1 = ! wit*es hold a c\ncil be=eh& ) reg>d to kill+ _! victim & %>+ 8 fle%1 & al?\gh ! wit* t buries ! horns may die1 ! survivors are able to c>ry on ! plot to its t]m9ation4 ,h5ce :5 any native dies1 8 fri5ds are c]ta9 t he has be5 sla9 by wit*craft1 & at once call 9 ! wit*-detective1 :o w discov] ! guilty wit*es & remove _! dang]\s horns4 #ajg4 ,,! ,,wit*-,,detective 7,,mavumbula74 ,al?\gh a male detective has appe>$ 9 ! pa/ hi/ory ( ^! tribes1 all ! wit* detectives t ,i h se5 7 female4 ,!y are 9 "o aspect ! mo/ important p]sonages 9 ! c\ntry4 ,at pres5t two reside at ,lake ,*irwa2 !y belong to ! same frat]nity1 "o is call$ ,*ipemb]e 7,rh9oc]os71 & ! o!r ,tambala 7,cock74 ,_m speak z if ! (fice n[ belong$ entirely to females4 ,a native 9 ord9>y conv]sation (t5 rem>ks1 8,if ,i h any mis=tune ,i w g to ! woman10 & :5 pron\nc+ a p]son guilty1 ! t]rible function>y ends h] spee* ) ! words1 8,?us sai? ! woman04 ,! detective :5 call$ to inve/igate a case ( dea?1 appo9ts a day = ! c]emony4 ,%e goes ) a /rong gu>d ( arm$ m51 & al?\gh h] meet+s are frequ5t1 p cr[d to !m f great di/ances4 ,h] approa* causes z mu* excitem5t z a public execution w\ld d 9 a quiet ,engli% t[n1 ) ?is diff]5ce1 t ! assembl$ multitude _c tell :o w be ! victim4 ,at sunrise ! drums beg9 to beat & are he>d ov] ! :ole c\ntry side2 ab\t ?ree h\rs aft]1 all ! villages 9 ! di/rict are des]t$4 ,_! inhabitants1 m51 wom51 & *ildr51 are to be se5 hurry+ to ! 8wit* dance04 ,on arriv+ !y sit 9 a circle1 & leave a l>ge space 9 ! c5tre = ! 8,woman04 ,%e is wait$ = ) brea?less anxiety4 ,aft] a "t wild screams are he>d1 & !re ru%es be=e ! spectators ! madde/-look+ p]son conceivable4 ,a /rang] concludes at once t "o wit* has be5 captur$ already & is n[ driv5 be=e ! detective4 ,! wret* looks z if %e 7 haunt$ by all ! ,furies & ,demons ( ,pagan ,my?ology4 ,heir face1 brea/1 & arms are m>k$ ) pat*es ( blood-r$4 ,h] head is cov]$1 n ) %ort negro wool1 b ) snaky tresses :i* hang d[n h] back4 ,h] lo9s are girt ) leop>d sk9s4 ,h] legs are ov]hung ) 8rattles10 :i* s\nd at e /ep4 ,9 h] h& %e grasps a sc\rge ( tails1 :i* %e waves wildly ab\t h]4 ,h] eyes roll & />e 9 h] fi]ce fr5zy4 ,%e is evid5tly surr\nd$ by fi5ds1 :i* ?\gh invisible to o!rs1 are dreadful realities to h]4 ,) !m %e ma9ta9s a desp]ate /ruggle1 ev] try+ to beat !m (f ) h] sc\rge4 ,aft] wre/l+ ?us %e utt]s %rieks ( ! mo/ une>?ly "*1 & ) a t]rible b\nd da%es into ! circle1 & we h be=e u ! wit*-detective h]self4 ,once 9 ! middle ( ! cr[d1 %e %\ts & rants1 s+s & dances1 eats grass & *ews bran*es = sev]al h\rs4 ,( h] *ants "s are common 9 ! di/rict1 o!rs 9 ! ,walolo language1 conta9s a s\nd ( ! lett] r t ! ,yao _c pron\nce4 ,%e *affs !m = _! awkw>dness1 & not)/&+ ! grave nature ( h] c]emony1 %e succe$s 9 draw+ smiles f ! multitude4 ,9 "s ( h] *ants %e boa/s ( h] p[]4 8,let ! bewit*] become a leop>d or a c>rion cr[ yet10 %e cries1 8!re c be no escape40 ,a l>ge "p ( ! cr[d are 9 a /ate ( t]rible susp5se4 ,ea* p]son kn[s t f ?ree to five p w be 8detect$10 & :at if he be among ! numb]8 ,! fir/ "t ,i 0 at a wit*-dance ,i 0 n free f conc]n6 ,! bewit*]s1 h[ev]1 w ei!r be relatives ( ! deceas$ or p]sons t h _h a qu>rel ) him4 ,z ! decisive mom5t arrives1 ! detective asks ! h& ( e "o 9 ! cr[d z %e *ants ! appropriate words3-- 8,pasa manja ,*ipemb]e 7,give ,*ipemb]e y\r h&74 ,pasa manja ,*ipemb]e40 ,response4--8,e1 e1 e1 e1 e1 e1 e40 ,! in/ant %e t\*es ! h& ( a bewit*] %e leaps back ) a t]rible />t & utt]s a wild scream4 ,ano!r me?od ( detect+ is by smell+1 & ?is %e br+s into use at v>i\s /ages ( ! inve/igation4 ,soon aft] feel+ ! h&s ( ! spectators1 %e retires f ! sc5e lit]ally dr5*$ ) sweat4 ,%e has f\nd out ! :ole secret4 ,b ! triumph ( h] art is n yet fully disclos$1 & soon %e proce$s to reveal :]e ! wit*es h hid _! horns4 ,tak+ a hoe & a pot ( wat]1 %e m>*es (f = ! purpose1 foll[$ by hundr$s ( ! cr[d ^: curiosity is mo/ int5se1 & :o beg9 to %>e h] savage mann]4 ,%e goes to ! =um1 to ! /ream t supplies ! villag]s ) wat]1 & to _! v>i\s h\ses4 ,at a spot :]e %e wi%es to dig %e p\rs out wat] to s(t5 ! gr\nd4 ,dur+ h] digg+1 %e groans1 %rieks1 & ge/iculates1 9 ! mo/ frantic way4 ,%e succe$s 9 f9d+ ! horns mo/ readily4 ,"o set %e digs up at ! /ream1 8!y 7 plac$ !re to bewit* ! wat] drunk by ! deceas$04 ,ano!r bun* %e f9ds "u a tree 9 ! village4 ,%e looks up1 & po9t+ to "s fad+ bran*es at ! top1 %e exclaims1 8,no wond] t ?is tree has begun to )]04 ,e spectator is dumb ) a/oni%m5t & t]ror4 ,no "o w d>e to t\* ^! horns4 ,x w\ld be fatal to d s4 ,!y 7 buri$ by ! bewit*]s1 & are ! v means by :i* ! deceas$ 0 kill$4 ,all are greatly reliev$ :5 ^! pot5t spells are remov$ by ! 8,woman10 :o w d\btless f9d !m useful on ano!r occasion4 ,! wit*-detective always sp5ds "o night at ! village :]e %e is employ$4 ,%e is !n p]mitt$ to w&] ab\t at midnight1 "u ! pret5ce ( go+ to wat* ! graves4 ,%\ld %e f9d any "o out ( 8 h\se at t h\r1 %e cat*es him & br+s =w>d ?is suspici\s circum/ance aga9/ him4 ,to be f\nd at night by ! wit*-detective is "o ( ! mo/ un=tunate ?+s t c\ld happ5 to any man4 ,ev5 if he has n be5 already recomm5d$ z a victim1 he is c]ta9 to be n[ among ! guilty4 ,:ile ! detective goes ab\t at midnight among ! h\ses1 %e is suppos$ to be unkn[n to ! wit*es4 ,sometimes %e begs = food1 & ! wit*es1 ?9k+ %e is "o ( _! own frat]nity1 give h] "s human fle%4 ,?is hospitality %e ungratefully rew>ds1 = ! fle% said to be ?us procur$ %e produces z evid5ce aga9/ ! p]son t gave x4 ,besides horns1 ! detective may dig up arms1 legs1 & o!r portions ( human bodies 9 suspici\s places 9 or ne> ! h\ses ( ! wit*es4 ,! :ole process ( une>?+ is ( a nature to satisfy a crav+ = magic1 & if m h>mless1 w\ld be int5sely humor\s4 ,!re is no say+ :at ! wit*-detective may 8f9d10 & %e seems z mu* surpris$ at h] discov]y z any ( ! spectators6 ,midnight ,fea/s4 ,any wit* may jo9 9 eat+ a p]son t has be5 kill$ by ! ag5cy ( o!rs2 inde$1 mo/ ( ! wit*es 9 ! c\ntry are believ$ to come to a great fea/ :5 "o ( _! numb] has robb$ ! grave ( its prey4 ,"h is a description ( su* midnight fea/s translat$ f ! v words ( a native3--8,!y cook ! body at night1 :5 ev]yone is asleep1 9 a pot ) wat] & salt4 ,!y eat x ) _! porridge z a reli% 9 ! same way z !y w\ld eat a f[l4 ,!y g & bury ! bones4 ,!y take ! head & s+e (f ! hair1 & g to ! /ream & wa% x ) wat] & take out ! bra9s & cook !m4 ,!y disemb[el ! body & eat all ! entrails aft] wa%+ !m at ! /ream40 ,if a body is kept 9 a h\se until putrefaction has done its "w1 8! wit*es are *eat$ ( _! meat04 ,?is is "o reason :y ! body ( a p]son ( rank is kept 9 ! h\se = a long "t aft] dea?4 ,! wit*-detective1 or r ! mwai1 kills only ! p]son :o bewit*$ ! deceas$ & ^? t cons5t$ to 8 dea? be=eh&4 ,^? t p>took ( ! fea/ are n s guilty1 b !y g5]ally come ) a pres5t to ! detective & ju/ify !mselves by say+1 8,we only foll[$ ! meat04 ,"o ( ! exploits ( wit*es1 accord+ to ,kap5i1 is to make milk come d[n a /raw 9 ! inside ( a h\se4 ,we m5tion ?is because x resembles wit*-/ories 9 o!r l&s4 ,:5 wit*es are caught by ! detective1 no "o w speak to !m4 ,g5]ally !y are "s helpless creatures :om a relative wi%es out ( ! way4 ,!y mu/ soon dr9k ! mwai1 :i* is c]ta9 to prove fatal to "s ( !m4 ,! cr$it ( ! wit*-detective w\ld suff] if !y all surviv$4 ,dea? by mwai4 ,! p]son t dies by mwai1 :e!r ! crime be !ft1 adult]y1 murd]1 or wit*craft1 is d5i$ ! ord9>y fun]al rights4 ,! body is ei!r ca/ into a cave1 or hung on a tree = ! vultures4 ,no c(f9 7#cd7 is all[$1 & ! ord9>y grave-clo? is d5i$4 ,mu* ( ! effects ( ! deceas$ goes to pay+ ! prosecutor1 :o has a l>ge acc\nt ) ! wit*-detective4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 be ! prosecutor himself t succe$s to ! bewit*]'s inh]itance4 ,?is :ole sup]/ition ca/s a d>k %ad[ ov] ! clos+ days ( ! poor native4 ,if we pass ov] slaves 7:o may be kill$ to escort _! ma/]7 & "y *ildr51 we d n hesitate to say t 9 _m di/ricts "o half ( ! natives are kill$ by mwai4 ,on e occasion ( :at we call natural dea?1 !re is at once an inve/igation by ! wit*-detective1 & ! result is t at lea/ "o individual dies4 ,t[>ds ! la/ ye> ( my own resid5ce 9 ,africa !re occurr$ t5 dea?s ( p]sons t ,i 0 well acqua9t$ )4 ,( ^!1 f\r di$ by viol5ce1 ?ree by natural causes1 & ?ree by mwai4 ,( ! ?ree t di$ by natural causes two 7 liv+ ) ! ,engli%1 & _! fri5ds 7 n all[$ to be av5g$ on any bewit*]1 s t we believe t ! proportion ( dea?s by mwai is really l>g]4 ,we h sometimes wond]$ t ! *iefs did n *eck ! op]ations ( ! sorc]]1 b ! foll[+ f ,lady ,b>k] w ?r[ mu* light on _! position4 ,a ,kafir *ief said1 8,y ask me to put d[n ! wit*-doctors1 b y =get ! circum/ances ( my c\ntry4 ,y ,engli%m5 h gaols1 policem5 & soldi]s2 ,i h none ( ^! ?+s1 & if ,i 7 to prohibit #8smell+ out' !re w\ld be no *eck :atev] ^u ! crim9al classes40 ,on fir/ f9d+ myself face to face ) ! above ag5cy ( hea!nism1 ,i began to reason aga9/ x4 ,9 my fir/ ef=ts ,i took v /rong gr\nd1 n only d5y+ t wit*craft 0 possible1 b ass]t+ t ,i did n believe 9 cannibalism4 ,i ev5 v5tur$ to argue t :5 ^! tribes spoke ( 8eat+ ea* o!r0 !y 8did n & c\ld n mean0 t a man lit]ally ate 8 fell[s4 ,b x is a dang]\s ?+ to give a native lessons 9 8 own language1 & ,i 0 soon conv9c$ t !y 8did n & c\ld n mean0 any?+ else4 ,b !y 7 g5]ally v fair 9 controv]sy4 ,!y 7 unanim\s 9 reject+ my views ab\t cannibalism--80 n human fle% z sweet to ! bewit*] z monkeys1 beetles & cat]pill>s 7 to o!r p80 ,b !y 7 will+ to admit t ! detective :ile pr[l+ ab\t at midnight might busy h]self 9 bury+ horns1 & !y laugh$ he>tily :5 ,i volunte]$ to une>? z _m horns z !y want$ if !y all[$ me ! same privilege4 ,i am n )\t hope t ! deception may soon come to an end1 = ! little boys & girls t liv$ ) u us$ latt]ly to get up a mock wit*-dance = _! own amusem5t1 & !y act$ on h9ts mo/ will+ly giv5 by ! 8:ite man10 & imply+ t ! wit*-detective buri$ ! horns h]self4 ,div9ation4 ,! foll[+ me?od ( div9+ z describ$ by ,mr4 ,bu*anan may conclude ?is *apt]3-- 8,a common cu/om among/ ! ,ma*+a is div9ation 7kup5da74 ,few w v5ture to g a di/ance ( t5 miles )\t fir/ assur+ !mselves t no dang] is to befall !m on ! way4 ,m5 go+ f ,zomba to ,blantyre seldom =get to try ! #8,*ip5do' be=e />t+4 ,"o mode ( div9+ is by means ( ! root ( a small bu%4 ,?is root is ab\t ! ?ickness ( a p5cil1 & ?ree bits ( x ab\t two in*es long are usually employ$4 ,mo/ m5 c>ry ^! lots or roots ) !m :5 on a j\rney1 & c>efully pres]ve !m :5 at home4 ,a man wi%+ to "k :e!r he may proce$ 9 safety takes ^! bits ( root & lays !m c>efully on ! gr\nd1 plac+ ! ?ird above ! o!r two4 ,he !n decl>es 8 int5tion ( go+ to a c]ta9 place1 & asks :e!r !re is any h9drance4 ,aft] retir+ a few paces he returns to take 8 answ] f ! position 9 :i* ! roots are n[ ly+4 ,if !y h rema9$ z he plac$ !m 8 j\rney is to be prosp]\s1 b if !y h be5 sep>at$ x is to be unsuccessful1 & he w n set out4 ,or ! div9] may use only two roots--a me?od (t5 resort$ to by a travell] :o comes to cross roads4 ,he places 8 knife 9 a horizontal position1 & lays ! two roots aga9/ ! blade4 ,! travell] !n /&s po9t+ to "o ( ! roads & says #8,%all ,i take ?is "o8' & if ! roots rema9 /ill fix$ he takes x1 b if !y fall to ! gr\nd he *ooses ! o!r pa?4 ,9 ! ev5t ( a man be+ )\t a knife he may use ! palm ( 8 h& or ! side ( a tree4 8,ano!r & m complicat$ me?od consi/s 9 boil+ ! roots & mix+ ! entrails ( an add] ) ! wat]40 ,?is use ( ! entrails is sugge/ive 9 an e?nological po9t ( view4 ,,*apt] ,,xvi4 ,,african ,,e?nology4 ,9 try+ to settle :e!r tribes are ( ! same race ! ,e?nologi/ turns 8 att5tion to su* po9ts z 7#a7 _! language1 7#b7 _! cu/oms & beliefs1 & 7#c7 _! physical *>act]i/ics4 ,?\gh 9 ?is *apt] we ref] only to ! second ( ^! p>ticul>s1 we may rem>k t on ! evid5ce ( language alone we c decide t ! ,wayao1 ,walolo1 ,anyasa1 ,a*ikunda1 ,ma*+a1 ,mangoni1 ,makua1 & o!rs 9 _! neighb\rhood1 are sprung f common ance/ors1 & t all ^! tribes are ( ! same race z ! majority ( ! tribes f\nd s\? ( ! ,equator1 :i* h be5 gr\p$ toge!r z ! ,bantu4#ab ,! o!r important inhabitants ( ,s\? ,africa besides ! ,bantu are ! ,hott5tots & ,bu%m51 :o aga9 h be5 (t5 class$ toge!r4 ,! ,hott5tots & ,bu%m5 seem to h be5 fir/ 9 ! ,cont95t4 ,!n ! ,bantu came into ! middle ( !m1 & split !m into two sections4 ,"o section 7,hott5tots & ,bu%m57 is f\nd 9 ! ,s\?1 ! o!r section 7repres5t$ by tribes l ! ,akka7 is f\nd 9 ! ,nor?4 ,z to ! "t :5 ! ,bantu e/abli%$ !mselves 9 ,s\? ,africa !re is little to guide u4 ,x is said t ! ,kafirs 7 =c+ _! way d[n by ! ,we/ ,coa/ at ! "t :5 ! ,portuguese 7 settl+ on ! ,ea/ ,coa/4 ,x seems cle> t ,santos on "o side ( ,africa & ,m]olla on ! o!r bo? m+l$ ) ?is great p4 ,african ,e?nology is a va/ subject1 & 9 treat+ x "s h be5 l$ to ma9ta9 t !re 0 once a cont95t to ! ea/ ( ,africa1 :i* has become subm]g$4 ,! traditions common among ^! ,african tribes to ! effect t ! ,bantu came f ! ,nor? tempt u to look nor?w>d along ! map ( ,africa ) ! view ( discov]+ :5ce !y came4 ,on exam9+ ! tribes ( ,nor!rn ,africa1 we f9d t "o ob/acle has be5 put be=e ! ,e?nologi/ by ,mahomm$anism1 :i*1 press+ into ! c\ntry by ! sev5? c5tury1 *ang$ ! anci5t tribal cu/oms4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! cu/oms ( c]ta9 anci5t races l ! ,egyptians h be5 pres]v$ by hi/ory4 ,putt+ aside language = ! pres5t1 we %all note ! cu/oms ( v>i\s ,african races4 ,?is besides po9t+ to c]ta9 e?nological conclusions1 w ?r[ light on ! cu/oms t h be5 laid be=e ! read]1 & may increase ! int]e/ 9 ^? tribes4 ,tak+ our /& 9 ! ,nyassa region1 we %all1 aft] glanc+ at cu/oms ( ,ea/]n ,africa suppli$ by e>li] mission>ies1 look t[>ds ! ,s\?1 ! ,we/1 & ! ,nor? 9 succession2 & !n conclude ! *apt] ) notes on anci5t races t might h _h contact ) ! ,african ,bantu4 ,,ea/ ,,c5tral ,,africa4 ,santos#ac 7#aehf7 rem>ks3 8,! p bewail _! dead by d9t ( drumm+1 & desi/ f leap+ & danc+ only :5 fatigue obliges !m to cease 7#cc74 ,!y reg>d _! k+ z ! fav\rite ( ! s\ls ( ! dead1 & ?9k t he le>ns f !m all t passes 9 8 dom9ions 7#a74 ,! ,portuguese deliv]$ f _! dreadful slav]y a numb] ( wom5 & *ildr5 :om ?is wret* kept ) a numb] ( m5 9 p5s = ! purpose ( kill+ & eat+ !m 9 succession 7#gi1 #ajf74 ,!y ackn[l$ge a ,god :o1 bo? 9 ?is _w & 9 ! _w to come1 measures retribution = ! good or evil done 9 ?is40 ,?is looks1 ,i fe>1 some:at l read+ our ideas into _! language4 ,/ill1 natives might easily fancy t ! old *ief to :om !y g at dea? w treat 8 subjects mu* z he did 9 ?is life4 ,! ,rev4 ,h4 ,r[ley1 ( ! ,magom]o ,mission1 gives an acc\nt ( a public supplication = ra9 among/ ! ,anyasa 7#bj74 ,9 conduct+ w>1 8,! ,yao10 he says1 8left _! camp be=e daybreak1 m>*$ direct to ! pr9cipal village1 de/roy$ t1 & fir$ ! o!rs :i* lay 9 _! l9e ( m>* home4 ,! difficulty 0 to get mess5g]s to ! ,yao4444 ,:5 we ask$ our own m5 to be ! mess5g]s1 !y put _! h&s in/9ctively to _! ?roats0 7#aja74 ,9 a case ( accid5tal dea? 8x 0 difficult to conv9ce "o p>ty t x 0 an accid5t1 & bo? t wit*craft _h no?+ to d ) x0 7#hf74 ,,s\? ,,africa4 ,! ,zulu & ,kafir h cu/oms s simil> to ! ,yao t ,i ref] only to a few1 "s ( :i* are quot$ on acc\nt ( ! diff]5ce4 ,!y d n eat f[ls1 ducks1 or eggs1 le/ !y %\ld be b>r5 7,d74 ,!y conceal bir?-names 7#eb74 ,a man mu/ n see ! face ( 8 "m-9-law4 ,! elde/ son succe$s 8 fa!r4 ,!y bury 9 a circul> hole1 plac+ ! body 9 a sitt+ po/ure4 ,on return+ f a fun]al !y get a *>m adm9i/]$ to !m4 ,a _s may come back z a snake 7#e74 ,_! ,wit*-doctors & ,feti%m5 are m set ap>t f ! p ?an ^? 9 ,ea/]n ,c5tral ,africa4 ,fea!rs1 claws1 tee?1 pieces ( wood1 c41 are *>ms4 ,prophets smell a p]son to see :e!r he speaks ! tru?4 ,! wit* is believ$ n to eat ! body tak5 f ! grave1 b to use x z a *>m4 ,a rec5t acc\nt ( "o ( ! s\!rn ,bantu tribes1 ! ,am&ebele1 :i* 0 =m$ ( #cj or #dj small] tribes1 is giv5 by ,?omas1 f :i* we take ! foll[+ cu/oms3-- ,! fir/ to 8ble$0 a field ) 8 pick possesses x 7#dh74 ,soldi]s go+ to w> *>m !mselves be=e & aft] ! exp$ition 7#ad1 c474 ,an invalid is remov$ f ! village to a field 7#ai74 ,at fun]als !re is an (f]+ ( cattle1 & ! deceas$ is introduc$ to 8 fa!r1 gr&fa!r1 & o!rs4 ,9 cases :]e ! _s ( a deceas$ fri5d ent]s an invalid1 ?is _s gets a sacrifice3 sometimes ! p>ticul> animal want$ by ! _s is nam$4 ,! dead may be *ang$ into elephants1 buck1 lions1 snakes1 c4 ,h5ce (f]+s are giv5 to su* animals4 ,mr4 ,?omas c>efully di/+ui%es two classes ( pr(essional m5 t are (t5 put toge!r3 "o is ! class ( div9]s1 ea* ( :om is tra9$ by an old] div9]4 ,! o!r class is ! common iz9yanga1 & includes self-taught physicians & ^? doctors t are prie/s z well z physicians 7,i74 ,wit*craft is c>ri$ on & puni%$ 9 ways simil> to :at we h describ$ 7#ajg71 & yet ) important po9ts ( diff]5ce4 ,_! traditions on cosmology /ate t :5 m5 came out ( ! e>? !y f\nd ! animal & vegetable k+doms prep>$ = !m1 & t !y receiv$ ! opposite messages ( life & dea?4 ,?is la/ /atem5t ref]s to ! *ameleon leg5d common among ! ,bantu 7,app5dix1 ,tale #ae74 ,,we/ ,,c5tral ,,africa4 ,m]olla 7#afhb7 says3--8,! p ate s]p5ts4 ,!y _h an oa? by :i* a p]son's limbs 7 b\nd tight] or loos] to =ce out ! tru?4 ,9 #ajd1 we saw ?is pr9ciple appli$ to ! head4 ,!y did n approve ( m>ry+ 9 facie ecclesi1 = !y mu/ be satisfi$ be=e m>riage :e!r _! wife w h *ildr51 & :e!r %e w prove dilig5t 9 h] "w & ob$i5t4 ,:5 ! fault proce$s f ! wife's side1 ! pres5t t 0 made by ! husb& is re/or$2 :5 ! fault is on 8 side1 he recov]s no?+ 7#ei74 ,:5 ! fa!r receives ! pres5t he compla9s n ev5 if x %\ld be small--= t w\ld look l sell+ 8 daught]2 b he asks 9 public be=eh& h[ mu* ! man w give4 ,?is is m l ! ,kafir cu/om ?an ! ,yao 7#dh74 ,sometimes a man leaves a concub9e to 8 k9sman 7#ed1 #dc74 ,! wife waits at table on h] husb&2 aft] he is satisfi$ he gives ! re/ ( ! food to h]1 & %e %>es x ) h] *ildr5 7#fg74 ,:il/ *ildr5 are "y !y are b\nd ) sup]/iti\s cords made by ! wiz>ds 7#de74 ,!y are put d[n nak$ on ! gr\nd2 :5 !y c move1 a bell is ti$ to !m1 to %[ :]e !y h gone4 ,! fields are plant$ r\nd ) /akes1 :i* be+ b\nd ) bundles ( h]bs by ! wiz>ds1 w kill any ?ief 7,k74 ,:5 !y h private qu>rels1 !y d n decide !m s+ly1 b ea* man gets z _m fri5ds z he c4 ,! p>ties meet1 beg9 to argue quietly1 proce$ to invectives1 & la/ly !y fall to x #8helt]-skelt]'4 ,we c\ld give no bett] acc\nt ( _m native trials 9 ,ea/]n ,africa4 ,on a dea?1 ! k9dr$ collect3 h5s are kill$2 !y bespr9kle ! h\se ( ! deceas$ ) ! blood1 & ?r[ ! c>cases on ! top ( ! h\se1 to prev5t ! s\l ( ! dead f com+ to give ,zumbi to any future inhabitants 7#dj74 ,! dead p]son is believ$ to summon o!rs out ( ?is _w 7#da74 ,!y weep ov] ! dead1 if n naturally !y hold ,indian pepp] to _! noses1 :i* causes ! te>s to fl[ pl5tifully4 ,:5 !y h h[l$ & wept = "s "t1 all ( a sudd5 !y pass to mir?1 fea/+ at ! exp5se ( ! p]son t is ne>e/ ak9 to ! deceas$ 7#dc74 ,_m abom9ations take place aft] ^! fea/s4 ,! ,giaghi (f] human sacrifices to ! dead 7#bh74 ,burial places are 9 ! fields1 & h some?+ plac$ ov] !m--e4g41 horns or e>!n pots 7#ci74 ,! poor] p wrap _! dead 9 /raw mats4 ,all are giv5 to #8idolatry' & ! eat+ ( man's fle% 7#ajf74 ,if any p]son :atsoev] pass by :]e ! gue/s are eat+1 he or %e ?ru/s into ! r+ & has an equal %>e ) ! re/ 7,d74 ,_! wives "w 9 ! fields till noon1 & mu/ get _! husb&s' food ready1 & wait till he f9i%0 7#eg74 ,battel 7#aeij--;,angola & adjo9+ c\ntries7 writes3--8,! ,gagas ate _! captives1 except ^? "u f\rte5 ye>s ( age4 ,! wom5 draw out two tee? above & two bel[ 7,a74 ,a dead man has 8 hair dress$1 & is put on a seat 9 a vault dug 9 ! gr\nd4 ,two ( 8 wives are put by him ) _! arms brok51 !n ! vault is cov]$ up4 ,! greate/ "p ( 8 goods is buri$ ) him 7#ci74 ,e mon? !re is a meet+ ( 8 k9dr$1 :o m\rn & kill goats & p\r ! blood & palm-tree w9e on ! grave4 ,! ,yao h dances e mon?1 :5 ! moon is full2 on o!r occasions !re w\ld be difficulty 9 light+ _! great ball-room4 ,!y suff] no :ite man to be buri$ 9 ! l&4 ,! body is ?r[n into ! sea ab\t two miles f ! coa/4 ,unless :]e ! ,engli% possess l&1 or are well kn[n1 ?is cu/om c be trac$ 9 ,ea/ ,africa4 ,on ,lake ,nyassa1 at lea/ "o ,engli% body _h difficulty 9 obta9+ a grave4 ,9 ! same way "s ( ! deceas$ ,magom]o mission>ies 7 exhum$4 ,9 keep+ ) ?is is ! cu/om ( c>ry+ ab\t bodies = long di/ances1 z 9 ! case ( ,liv+/one & "s ,portuguese4 ,if a p]son d5ies a *>ge1 he dr9ks a root 7,imb&o71 :i* kills him if he is guilty4 ,no "o on any acc\nt dies b !y kill ano!r = him4 ,!y believe t "s "o bewit*$ ! deceas$ 7#ajf74 ,_m times #ejj m5 & wom5 come to dr9k ,imb&o0 7#ajd74 ,bosman 7#agjj--;,bosman's ,gu9ea7 m5tions #e classes ( p3 7#a7 k+s1 7#b7 *ief m5 :o take c>e ( a city or village1 7#c7 ^? t h got ri*es1 7#d7 ! common p1 7#e7 slaves4 ,?is exactly applies to ! ,ea/]n tribes4 ,9 _! salutations ! fir/ "q is1 8,h[ did y sleep80 to :i* ! reply is1 8,v well0 7,g74 ,at ,fida1 if any visit 8 sup]ior1 he falls on 8 knees1 kisses ! e>?1 claps 8 h&s4 ,"h we f9d kneel+ & clapp+ ! h&s4 ,! wom5 suckle ! infants = two or ?ree ye>s4 ,*ild-be>+ is n tr\blesome2 "h is no long ly+-9 nor exp5sive gossip+ or groan+ fea/s 7#dd74 ,! *ief h&iwork is smi!ry4 ,!y h no notion ( /eel4 ,a h>d /one is _! anvil1 & !y h a pair ( tongs1 a small pair ( bell[s1 & ?ree or m pipes 7,h74 ,:5 !y beg9 a w>1 drive a b>ga91 travel1 or attempt any?+ ( importance1 _! fir/ bus9ess is to consult _! false god by means ( _! prie/1 :o may tell !m to (f] %eep1 c4 #ad4 ,ano!r resemblance to ! ,zulu & ,kafirs4 ,among ! simpl] ,yao1 a man may be 8 own prie/4 ,que/ions may be put to ! idol1 :i* are answ]$ 9 ?is way3--,ab\t #bj bits ( lea!r are %uffl$ by ! prie/2 if ^? indicat+ success come mu* toge!r1 success is ann\nc$ 7,i74 ,public g5]al religi\s ex]cises are cu/om>y on acc\nt ( great dr\ght 7#bj74 ,!y kill a cock or a %eep to _! god 9 words alone3 = :5 x is dead !y imm$iately fall ^u x1 te>+ x to pieces ) _! f+]s 7#bg74 ,mo/ ( !m believe t aft] dea? !y live 9 ano!r _w 9 ! same "* z "h2 b !y h no idea ( future rew>ds or puni%m5ts 7#aj74 ,!y drive devils out ( villages 7#ajg74 ,*ildr5 don't inh]it _! fa!r's goods 7#ig74 ,if a woman is ) *ild = ! fir/ "t1 ri* (f]+s are made to ! false god to obta9 h] safe deliv]y 7#ec74 ,!y call 9 m$ic9e m5 :5 sick1 :o prescribe (f]+s to deities4 ,!y h m$icam5ts ( ! roots1 bran*es1 & gum ( trees1 & ab\t #cj diff]5t h]bs 7,i74 ,f v>i\s o!r writ]s on ,we/]n ,c5tral ,africa we ga!r ! foll[+ facts3-- ,:5 a *ild is #g days old1 ! p>5ts make a small fea/1 imag9+ t ! infant is pa/ its greate/ dang]s2 & 9 ord] to prev5t evil spirits f do+ x any mis*ief1 !y /rew all ! ways ) dress$ victuals to appease !m 7#dd74 ,if a man l a virg91 he tells ! mo/ consid]able among h] relations1 :o goes to h] h\se & asks h] ( h] relations1 :o1 if %e is n be=e promis$1 seldom d5y ! reque/3 !n ! bridegroom clo!s 8 future bride ) a ri* suit ( clo!s & ornam5ts 7#dh74 ,a man contracts ) 8 wife :5 %e is "u age 7#dh71 & aft]w>ds c>ries h] =cibly to 8 home amid/ h] /ruggles & %rieks4 ,a d[] is res]v$ = h]1 s t1 9 case ( wid[hood1 %e may be able to buy a husb& 7#ei74 ,:5 a pres5t is paid to h] p>5ts1 ! bride is l$ to h] husb&'s hut1 & he s5ds h] = wat]1 wood1 & o!r necess>ies4 ,"o ( ! wives is ! sup]ior 7#ee74 ,adult]y is puni%$ by sell+ bo? (f5d]s4 ,! husb& may turn (f an unfai?ful wife at pleasure2 he makes h] take all h] *ildr5 ) h]1 unless he want to keep any himself 7#ei74 ,wives d all ! h>d "w1 d n eat ) _! husb&s1 & are 9 great subjection4 ,!y "n ! *ild by %av+ its head & rubb+ x ) oil 7#df74 ,! wom5 c>ry ! *ildr5 on _! back z !y g ab\t _! ord9>y "w4 ,_m writ]s 8impute ! flat noses & pot bellies to ?is mode ( c>riage04 ,z soon z a p]son dies ! neighb\rs are collect$ by l\d cries & lam5tations4 ,!y cry ov] ! dead = sev]al days4 ,!y give ! deceas$ ab\t a twelvemon?'s provisions1 & make a po9t ( secur+ ! body f c>rion-eat]s 7#ch74 ,! bro!rs1 si/]s1 & relations take possession ( ! goods ( ! dead man1 & leave little to 8 *ildr5 7#ig74 ,if ! deceas$ be a man1 8 wives %ave _! heads4 #dj1 #dc4 ,all ! ,yao %ave ! head = any deceas$ relative4 ,if !y dr9k liquor belong+ to a ,european t !y d n "k1 !y ask him to dr9k fir/ t !y may see t !re is no poison 7#ih74 ,!y use no bread1 b eat ! fl\r ( _! v>i\s gra9s4 ,!y use ! ,indian corn :5 gre51 roa/+ x on ! coals--or make fl\r by p\nd+ 9 mort>s4 ,! h\ses are l beehives1 & h po9t$ ro(s3 p]sons ( quality h palisades r\nd !m4 ,! dome/ic ut5sils are only e>!n pots1 calaba%es1 & baskets 7,c74 ,!y use b[s1 poison$ arr[s & assagais4 ,illu/ration3 ,,woman ,,( ,,we/]n ,,africa ,,p\nd+ ,,meal4 ,! ,mahomm$an negroes ( ! ,we/ ,coa/ practise circumcision 9 "s place remote f a village 7#eb74 ,! above cu/oms ( ! ,we/]n ,african are tak5 f ! old] writ]s on ! subject4 ,aft] com+ into contact ) ,europeans ! natives are apt to *ange _! m primitive mann]s4 ,!y are fond ( disc>d+ r\nd huts 9 fav\r ( squ>e4 ,! above illu/ration %[s a basket v diff]5t f ! ,ea/ ,african ones1 all ( :i* are c>ri$ on ! head4 ,,nor!rn ,,c5tral ,,africa4 ,! ,,bongo believe t evil & n good comes f spirits4 ,old p procure roots 9 ! =e/ glades at night to de/roy o!rs4 ,! ,nubians1 besides hav+ sup]/itions ( _! own1 confirm !m 9 all ?is4 ,old wom5 are comp>$ to hy5as1 & believ$ to ent] _! bodies by night4 ,! dead are put 9 a cr\*+ =m--z prescrib$ 9 ! law ( ,islam 7,s*we9fur?74 ,among ! ,,nyam-,,nyam no bodies are reject$ z unfit = food except ^? t di$ ( a cutane\s disease4 ,! elde/ son ( a *ief succe$s 8 fa!r4 ,*iefta9s r>ely lead _! armies 7#ih74 ,a man t wi%es a wife goes to a *ief or sub-*ief1 :o endeav\rs to procure "o 7#dh74 ,! wom5 eat alone 9 _! own huts4 ,! game 8mungala0 is play$ sometimes on a bo>d1 sometimes ) holes 9 ! gr\nd 7#ea1 #e74 ,! ,,balonda 7,liv+/one7 ratify fri5d%ip by p>tak+ ( ea* o!r's blood4 ,!y believe 9 a k9d ( supreme deity4 ,:5 !y take a poison ordeal !y hold up _! h&s1 z if to appeal to a great judge above4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ! la/ clause is an inf]5ce4 ,!y h idols1 & a cross-road is consid]$ sacr$ 7#dj74 ,! ,,wanyamwesi h also a c]emony ( mak+ 8blood-bro!rs04 ,! ,,wag&a h a /r+5t code ( etiquette4 ,a man t makes any mi/ake 9 salut+ ! k+ is execut$ at once4 ,! acc\nt giv5 by ,speke ( ! *ief ( ,ug&a %[s :at a t]rible curse a /rong gov]nm5t may become 7#ajd74 ,a p[]ful *ief kills scores ( p 9 cold blood1 till ! ?+ becomes an e/abli%$ cu/om1 & ceases to be wond]$ at4 ,/anley's details are equally in/ructive4 ,:5 a w>like exp$ition is ?\ght (1 ! sorc]] flays a *ild1 & lays its body on ! pa? z ! soldi]s pass =? to battle4 ,! ,,gani g q nak$1 b in/ead ( sitt+ on ! gr\nd z mo/ natives d1 !y c>ry a small /ool4 ,9 ?is di/rict mo!rs wa% _! *ildr5 & !n lick !m dry ) _! tongues z cats d4 ,t[els are no "p ( native appliances4 ,among ! ,,obbo1 :5 a man dies1 8 relatives take (f 8 hair & we> x 9 8 memory4 ,! ,,dj\r c\ntry resembles ! ,yao 9 be+ infe/$ by ! tsetse-fly1 :i* kills cattle2 consequ5tly ! p1 ?\gh ) a ta/e = agriculture1 h no?+ except goats4 ,9 _m tribes ! wom5 we> no clo?+ till m>riage4 ,! bir? ( tw9s is (t5 consid]$ unlucky2 among ! ,i%ogo ! "m ( tw9s is =bidd5 to speak to any b relatives = six ye>s4 ,! ,,ap+i (f]$ ,du ,*aillu a 8t5d] & fat0 slave = 8 8ev5+ meal04 ,among ! ,,fans 7,ba-,fan7 ! execut$ wiz>ds 7cf4 #ajg7 are eat51 & cannibalism 7accord+ to ,reade7 is made no secret4 ,among ,,abyss9ians 7l ! ,gallas1 ,samali1 c47 we f9d cu/oms l ! foll[+3-- ,*ildr5 are circumcis$ ! eigh? day4 ,! baptismal "n is conceal$1 to prev5t an evil _s f tak+ possession ( ! p>ty4 ,!y h civil m>riages :i* are readily dissolv$4 ,on a dea? ! relatives ( ! deceas$ %ave _! heads4 ,!re is mu* 8wail+10 = :i* pr(essionals att5d1 & a fun]al banquet4 ,lobo1 ! ,abyss9ian mission>y1 0 cupp$ by a native by ?ree cups ( horn ab\t half-a-foot long 7,i74 ,! ,,gallas h a god call$ ,wak4 ,_! prie/s div9e by ! fat ( goats & inte/9es4 ,x is hon\rable to kill an ali51 to kill a c\ntryman is crim9al4 ,on dea? ! relatives fea/ on ! cattle4 ,wood t has be5 burn+ a little is put on ! grave4 ,if ! wood gr[ ! man is happy 9 ! _w beyond 7,krapf74 ,! ,,arabs are f\nd ev]y:]e 9 ,nor!rn ,africa1 & _! cu/oms are bett] kn[n3 /ill ,i %all note a few = ! sake ( comp>ison4 ,boys are nam$ at ! c]emony ( circumcision4 ,?is is ab\t _! sev5? ye> among ! ,turks4 ,"s make x ! #ac? aft] ! analogy ( ,i%mael 7comp>e #eb74 ,:atev] is t\*$ by a corpse is defil$ 7#cd74 ,!y pay visits to ! graves ( ! dead2 pilgrimages are a great feature 9 _! religion4 ,!re are a few sup]/itions connect$ ) ! use ( salt1 e4g41 :5 an infant is nam$1 "s may be put into its m\?4 ,an assemblage ( families all f a common /ock =ms a tribe--! gov]nm5t is pat]nal 7#fb74 ,,races ,,( ,,antiquity4 ,x w\ld be int]e/+ to det]m9e to :i* ( ! anci5t nations kn[n to hi/ory ^! ,bantu tribes are mo/ relat$4 ,= light on ?is "q we mu/ look at ! great nations ( antiquity t _h mo/ to d ) ,africa4 ,! fir/ race t we f9d 9 ,african hi/ory is ! ,,anci5t ,,egyptians1 ^: c\ntry1 ,mizraim1 is nam$ aft] "o ( ! sons ( ,ham4 ,:e!r !y press$ f>!r s\? at an e>ly date x is difficult to det]m9e4 ,x w\ld h be5 /range if !y _h n3 !y _h ent]prise en\gh to build ! pyramids4 ,z dyna/y succe$$ dyna/y1 _m t 7 driv5 be=e invad]s 9 ^? b>b>\s times may h discov]$ t ! _w 0 wide4 ,x is agre$1 h[ev]1 t 9 ! #ah? dyna/y1 ab\t #adjj ,b4,c41 ,seso/ris f\nd tribes 9 ,nubia1 ,abyss9ia1 ,s5a>1 c41 & subdu$ !m4 ,x is in/ructive to note t ab\t #gah ,b4,c4 ,egypt _h a dyna/y ( ,e?iopian k+s2 & t ab\t #fjj ,b4,c4 ,ne*o1 an ,egyptian k+1 s5t a ,ph5ician fleet d[n ! ,r$ ,sea1 :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,m$it]ranean ?ree ye>s aft]--hav+ sail$ r\nd ,africa4 ,! next ( ! anci5t races t may be m5tion$ 9 connection ) ,africa is ! ,,ph5icians or ,,canaanites4 ,be=e ,hom]'s "t !y _h ! comm]ce ( ! ,m$it]ranean4 ,by ! "t ( ,solomon !y 7 mak+ voyages d[n ! ,r$ ,sea to a place call$ ,ophir1 reg>d+ :i* !re h be5 _m !ories4 ,9 connection ) "o ( ^!1 we quote ! foll[+ f ,ba9es4 ,speak+ ( ! long-s\ght ru9s 9 ! l& ( ,ophir1 he says3--8,!y are ext5sive1 & "o collection cov]s a consid]able portion ( a g5tle rise1 :ile ano!r1 app>5tly a =t1 /&s ^u a bold granite hill4 ,! walls are /ill ?irty feet 9 height1 & are built ( granite hewn into small blocks ab\t ! size ( our bricks1 & put toge!r )\t mort>4 ,! mo/ rem>kable ( ^! walls is situat$ on ! v edge ( a precipit\s cliff1 & is 9 p]fect pres]vation to ! height ( ?irty feet4 ,! walls are ab\t t5 feet ?ick at ! base1 & sev5 or eight at ! top4 ,9 _m places !re rema9 beams ( /one1 eight or t5 feet 9 l5g?1 project+ f ! walls1 9 :i* !y mu/ be ins]t$ to a dep? ( sev]al feet1 = !y c sc>cely be /irr$40 ,?is explor] f9ds ,ophir 9 ,s\!rn ,africa4 ,! ,,jews _h contact ) mo/ ( ! nations ( antiquity1 & x is said t ! k+s ( ,abyss9ia 7 desc5d$ f ,solomon1 ?r\gh ! ,que5 ( ,%eba1 :o on h] return 0 accompani$ by _m ,jews4 ,x is also ma9ta9$ t numb]s ( ,jews f\nd refuge 9 ,abyss9ia at v>i\s p]iods4 ,! ,abyss9ians1 z _! "n implies1 are a mix$ race4 ,h]odotus m5tions a p>ty ( "y m5 t travell$ ?r\gh ! des]t & w5t on till !y came to a black p :o liv$ by a l>ge riv] :i* fl[$ we/w>ds4 ,on comp>+ ! cu/oms ( ! mod]n tribes ( ,africa ) ^? ( ! ,anci5t ,egyptians1 ! ,ph5icians1 or ! ,jews1 we f9d _m po9ts ( diff]5ce4 ,/ill !re are po9ts ( simil>ity also4 ,9 describ+ ,african mann]s we h already not$ _m agreem5ts ) old ,jewi% cu/oms4 ,! cu/oms ( ! ,canaanites ne$ n deta9 u long4 ,ev5 9 ! "t ( ! ,patri>*s ?is race c\ld make seals & grav5 images1 _h silv] money1 & c\ld dye purple4 ,x may be m5tion$1 h[ev]1 t !y believ$ !mselves to h sprung f slime2 :ile ! wor%ip ( ,a%t>o? involv$ ! pollution ( ! "y ( bo? sexes1 & ,molo* dem&$ sacrifices ( *ildr54 ,div9ation 0 also practis$4 ,x is int]e/+ to note ! foll[+ p>ticul>s reg>d+ ,anci5t ,egypt3-- ,! civilisation ( ,egypt did n come d[n ! ,nile--! black p f ! l& ( ,cu% be+ repres5t$ on ,egyptian monum5ts z ,ph>oah's s]vants4 ,! ,egyptians are ak9 9 cu/oms to ! ,asiatics4 ,"s say ! ,egyptians & ,indians are ( ! same orig9 7cf4 ,pri*>d74 ,weapons1 ,tools1 c4--,! old ,egyptians _h b[s1 %ields1 javel9s1 & sl+s4 ,! latt] we h n se5 among ,ea/]n ,c5tral ,african tribes1 b _! hoes & wood5 pill[s resemble ! ,egyptian4 ,! old ,egyptians p\nd$ 9 /one mort>s ) metal pe/les1 & knew some?+ ( glass-bl[+ #cejj ye>s ago--a trade :i* our ,african pupils consid]$ 8too wond]ful04 ,"y *ildr5 7 c>ri$ at _! "m's brea/1 r>ely at h] back z 9 ,c5tral ,africa4 ,(f]+s1 c4--,! p inquir$ :e!r ! deceas$ des]v$ ! rites ( burial ,weapons1 c41 7 buri$ ) him 7#ci74 ,:5 m\rn+1 !y ab/a9$ f 8! ba?1 w9e1 delicacies ( ! table1 or ri* clo?+0 7#di74 7,! prie/s 9 _! purifications exclud$ salt f _! meals1 444 %av$ ! head & ! :ole body e ?ird day47 ,!y call$ on ! deceas$ accord+ to ! degree ( relation%ip1 z 8,o my fa!r04 ,a dirge 0 *ant$ to ! s\nd ( a tamb\r9e4 ,mummies 7 kept 9 _! h\ses 9 ord] t relations might h _! deceas$ ) !m4 7,s ! ,romans gave fun]al oblations to _! dead1 fl[]s1 libations1 & victims47 ,! (f]+s to ! dead 7 simil> to ! ord9>y oblations 9 hon\r ( ! gods4 ,(f]+s 7 made to ,osiris 9 "n ( ! deceas$ aft] ! burial4 ,! fir/ fruits ( ! l5tils 0 plac$ on ! alt>s ( ! ,egyptian gods 7#bj74 ,! (f]+ ( fir/ fruits 0 an (f]+ ( obligation4 ,(f]+s ( w9e 7#bd71 oil1 bread 7#ba71 salt1 7 (f]+s ( devotion4 ,e>s ( new corn 7 p>*$ at ! fire4 ,!re is "s te/imony to ! effect t human be+s 7 sacrific$4 ,my/]ies4--,circumcision 0 practis$ f ! e>lie/ times1 & :5 x 0 adm9i/]$ in/ruction 0 giv5 9 ! my/]ies4 ,"o "p ( ! initiation 0 to see ! figure ( ! god 7#ec74 ,oracles 7 consult$ on all important occasions 7#ad74 ,dreams 7 reg>d$ ) religi\s rev]5ce 7#ae71 & ?us ! gods told ! prop] rem$ies = disease 7,diodorus74 ,b x 0 kn[n t mo/ diseases proce$ f 8indige/ion & excess ( eat+04 ,bodies 7 exam9$ to f9d ! causes ( dea? 7,pl9y74 ,wom5 suspect$ ( infidelity drank a cup ( bitt] wat] to prove innoc5ce or guilt 7#ajg74 ,! k+ 0 ! *ief ( ! *ur* & ( ! /ate 7#g74 ,on /udy+ tribal cu/oms we f9d t mu* simil>ity arises f ! v con/itution ( human nature4 ,circum/ances also ex]t a great influ5ce4 ,races are s modifi$ :5 !y obta9 c[s1 horses1 or ev5 ! rudim5ts ( a cal5d>1 t we are at once puzzl$ by ! diff]5ce betwe5 !m & ! re/ ( _! clan4 ,besides1 we mu/ ev] rememb] ! enorm\s influ5ce ( ! individual4 ,a :ole tribe l ! ,ovambo d]iv$ ! habit ( squirt+ wat] 9 ! face to prev5t wit*craft f "o k+4 ,if a /ray man settl$ 9 ,negrol& ) two or ?ree wives #cjjj ye>s ago1 ! desc5d5ts ( ?is p]son w\ld n[ c\nt by millions on millions6 ,:at are n[ l>ge ,african tribes evid5tly desc5d$ f an ance/or t liv$ n s _m c5turies ago4 ,! :ole tribe naturally foll[s & develops c]ta9 *>act]i/ics ( ?is ance/or1 & z x keeps alo( f o!r tribes1 x soon has di/9ct peculi>ities 9 spee* & cu/oms4 ,ev5 9 ,engl& almo/ ea* c\nty has c]ta9 peculi>ities1 a fact :i* w illu/rate to :at a great ext5t su* developm5ts may gr[ among tribes t h no writt5 lit]ature1 & no means ( keep+ up communication ) _! neighb\rs4 ,(t5 h ,i wond]$1 z ,i gaz$ on ^! ,african m\nta9s & valleys1 :at tales !y c\ld tell1 if !y only f\nd a tongue4 ,mu*1 ,i believe1 may be yet le>n$ by ! /udy ( native leg5ds & my?ologies1 :i* frequ5tly condesc5d on names2 b aft] all1 !re are _m secrets :i* w rema9 undisclos$ until ^? m\nta9s & valleys give up _! dead4 ,,*apt] ,,xvii4 ,,african ,,philology4 8,!re is a notion t ,african languages are rude & imp]fect4 ,!y are no su* ?+40--,,bi%op ,,/e]e4 ,:at makes "o language m p]fect ?an ano!r8 ,:at is a philosophical language8 ,we judge a language by ! way 9 :i* x fulfils its purpose3 its great purpose be+ to express ?\ght4 ,e language is a means ( express+ ?\ght by words4 ,9 "o tongue we express c]ta9 ?\ghts easily & conv5i5tly1 :i* 9 ano!r we h to express 9 a cumbr\s mann]4 ,?us in/ead ( say+ 8inapplicabilities10 we might h to say 8!-plural-condition-(-n-be+-able-to-fold -"o-?+-into-ano!r04 ,to express ?\ght words mu/ be us$ 9 a p>ticul> way3 ! words !mselves are ! vocabul>y1 ! p>ticul> way 9 :i* !y are us$ is ! gramm>4 ,9 e/imat+ a language1 we mu/ consid] 7,a7 its vocabul>y1 7,b7 its gramm>4 ,a4 ,,! ,,vocabul>y4 #a4 ,! ,numb] ( ,words4--7a7 ,a language may h too _m words4 ,9 ,engli%1 multitudes ( words h be5 tak5 f o!r tongues4 ,?us we h ! num]al "o1 & also unit 7,lat97 & monad 7,greek74 ,unless su* words are necess>y1 !re is a loss ( simplicity1 :i* is felt by a =eign] try+ to le>n ! language2 & :i* we c\ld make app>5t to ourselves by introduc+ f ?ree o!r languages ?ree additional words = "o1 ) all _! d]ivatives4 ,s long z su* new words indicate diff]5t %ades ( mean+1 _! pres5ce %[s f]tility 9 ?\ght2 b :]e !y d n ea* indicate a sep>ate & necess>y mean+1 !y encumb] ! language4 ,z writ+ is ! *ief means ( giv+ p]man5cy to unnecess>y words1 we f9d t an unwritt5 language l ,yao is n ?us burd5$1 & seldom uses two or ?ree words :]e "o might d4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 cases ( app>5t excess4 ,we h a ^w = 8 eld] bro!r1 & q a di/9ct ^w = 8 y\ng] bro!r4 ,_m su* cases1 h[ev]1 arise really f defici5cy--!re is no ^w 9 ! language = bro!r4 ,aga91 we h words = my y\ng] bro!r1 y\r y\ng] bro!r1 c41 b no ^w = y\ng] bro!r4 7b7 ,a language may h too few words4 ,i h nev] se5 ,africans ( ! same tribe try+ to talk ) ea* o!r & break+ d[n = want ( vocables4 ,!y h always language en\gh to express _! ideas4 ,b !y h (t5 to use circumlocutions4 ,in/ead ( say+ a p5 !y speak ( a 7?+7 ) :i* to write or m>k4 ,x w\ld be unfair to expect ! ,yao to h a "n = ice1 any m ?an ! ,engli% h a "n = any?+ !y don't "k (1 b e language %\ld h easy me?ods ( =m+ new words :]e !y are want$4 ,:ile suffici5t = ord9>y purposes1 ! words ( a language may be too few = exact translation4 ,! ,engli% vocabul>y enables u to speak (3 7#a7 ,objects 7& actions7 9 ! mat]ial _w4 7#b7 ,relations betwe5 ^! objects2 su* relations are num]\s4 7#c7 ,?+s & relations 9 ! m5tal _w1 :i* are nam$ ?r\gh analogies 9 ! mat]ial _w1 = mat]ial ?+s are m readily nam$ ?an m5tal4 7#d7 ,besides !re are ! names ( ,sci5ce4 ,9 names ( ! #a/ k9d1 ,yao is z full z ,engli%4 ,9 names ( ! #bnd1 #crd1 & #d? k9ds1 :]e a great] ab/raction is impli$1 x falls %ort4 ,an ,african1 :ile able to p]ceive all su* relations1 c41 does n f9d x necess>y to "n _m ( !m4 ,ev5 ?\gh he nam$ all t he obs]v$1 8 names w\ld be lo/1 = 9 ! abs5ce ( writ+1 few words acquire fixity except ^? 9 g5]al use4 ,take ! ^w grey2 pres5t a grey object to a ,yao1 & he calls x black or :ite1 b z a matt] ( fact1 he kn[s p]fectly t x is diff]5t f ei!r ( ^! col\rs4 ,9 ,engli% we speak ( a man z be+ good1 upright1 /raight=w>d1 true1 hone/1 hon\rable1 j1 /rict1 religi\s1 pi\s1 holy1 pleasant1 c\rte\s1 c42 b 9 ,yao !re are n names = s _m %ades ( "*1 & "o or two words mu/ d s]vice = ! :ole li/4 ,we %all n wond] at ?is if we consid] h[ _m ( ! above epi!ts h be5 tak5 into ! ,engli% language f o!r tongues4 ,a mod]n mission to our ,saxon ance/ors w\ld h f\nd _! vocabul>y z poor z we f9d ! ,african4 #b4 ,! ,nature ( ! ,words4--,:]e "o language has an easy ^w1 ano!r may express ! same idea 7a7 by a ^w dreadful to pron\nce--8a vocable suffici5t to spl9t] ! tee? ( a crocodile02 or 7b7 by a cumbr\s comb9ation ( words4 7a7 ,! ,yao words are easy to pron\nce1 ! rule be+ t e consonant is foll[$ by a v[el4 ,b !y are long] ?an ,engli% words4 ,if a ,yao _h to say transub/antiations1 he w\ld say tiransubisitantiation7i7si4 ,aga91 :]e we say 8,y believ$ him10 he pref]s to say 8,y-him-believ$10 9 "o ^w4 7b7 ,a language may h a cumbr\s comb9ation ( words4 ,:5 ! ,romans _h to "w ) _! num]ical notation ( ,,ix4 & ,,xi41 we c excuse !m = n mak+ mu* ( simple multiplication & division4 ,s :5 ! ,yao express #ii by makumi msanu ni makumi m*e*e kwisa msanu ni m*e*e1#ad we may expect t _! num]ical sy/em w n c>e to g any f>!r6 ,b4 ,,gramm>4 ,:at p>ts ( spee* are fir/ us$8 ,int]jections l ah6 & imitations ( s\nds l 8cr[0 come v soon4 ,n[1 :5 *ildr5 utt] ! ^w 8cr[0 :at is its nature8 ,is x a n\n mean+ ! s\nd1 or is x a v]b 9 ref]5ce to ! production ( ! s\nd1 or is x too indef9ite to be class$8 ,:5 x does become def9ite1 x is c]ta9ly m l a n\n or a v]b ?an any?+ else4 ,! only o!r "p ( spee* t might come into competition is ! adjective2 b if we look at :at ! adjective does 9 ,gramm>1 we see t x already implies ! n\n4 ,! n\n & ! v]b are ! p>ts ( spee* t are mo/ readily obta9$1--t lie ne>e/ to h& 9 nature4 ,b ! n\ns & v]bs t we meet ) g5]ally g f> beyond ! individual4 ,su* a ^w z h\se1 ?\gh d5ot+ a s+le object1 c\ld n h be5 =m$ )\t ab/raction4 ,?is position is illu/rat$ 9 any text-book on ,logic "u ! ,logical notion4 ,! ^w 8h\se10 :ile d5ot+ a special object1 implies t ?is object has c]ta9 *>act]i/ics4 ,yet ! degree ( ab/raction is great] = o!r p>ts ( spee*4 ,to take an illu/ration4 ,we "k t 8,john built h\ses10 & t 8,john did n ent] ^! h\ses04 ,n[1 we might /ate ^! two ideas )\t any?+ f>!r2 b mo/ languages br+ 9 ano!r idea1 ?us1 8,john built h\ses b he nev] ent]$ !m04 ,! new idea m>k$ by b arises f contra/+ ! o!r two ideas1 & c\ld n exi/ till bo? ( !m exi/$4 ,s we _c speak ( a good h\se till we "k ( a h\se1 nei!r c we speak ( 8build+ well10 or 8build+ = a fri5d0 till we fir/ "k ab\t 8build+04 ,?us1 ! m concrete words are ! n\ns & v]bs2 adjectives & pron\ns are less s1 :ile adv]bs1 prepositions1 & conjunctions are v ab/ract1 & are (t5 s few 9 _m languages z to be class$ toge!r z p>ticles4 ,! concrete words describe ! easi] ?\ghts1 ! prim>y modifications ( ?\ght1 ! ab/ract words describe second>y or m ab/ract modifications ( ?\ght4 ,h5ce1 z we might anticipate1 we f9d ! ,yao language well suppli$ ) n\ns1 v]bs1 & ev5 pron\ns1 b z we g beyond ^! to adjectives1 ! supply is less1 & /ill less z we pass on to adv]bs1 prepositions1 & conjunctions4 ,! sc>city ( prepositions & conjunctions (t5 disc\rages ! ,european :o /udies ! language4 ,x is a great %ock to discov] t ! ,engli% words to & f are repres5t$ by "o & ! same native ^w6 ,we %all n[ %[ h[ ! ,yao language deals 7#a7 ) ! pr9cipal p>ts ( spee*1 7#b7 ) ! subord9ate4 #a4 ,! *ief ?+ to note reg>d+ ! pr9cipal p>ts ( spee* is _! inflexion4 ,! few] ! inflexions1 ! great] is ! simplicity4 7a7 ,inflexion = ,concord4--,we h ,,9 ,,engli%4 ,,9 ,,lat94 good hill bonu mons good tree bona arbor good field bonum arvum ,! *ange 9 ! adjective 7l good-u1 a1 um7 is cumbr\s1 & is seldom necess>y4 ,a boy try+ ,lat9 at s*ool mi/akes 9 say+ bonus arbor1 b he has little *ance ( be+ misund]/ood4 ,yao gives t5 concords ( ?is k9d ) _! plurals4 ,?is is a sev]e infliction1 al?\gh we c g5]ally tell by inspection :at concord is requir$4 7b74 ,inflection = ,gov]nm5t4--,engli% n\ns h "o inflexion = case1 ,lat9 n\ns h six4 ,! ,yao n\n has no inflexion ( ! same k9d1 b x modifies ! v]b s z to indicate its relation to ! n\n4 ,^! modifications correspond 9 numb] 7t57 ) ! concords4 ,! advantage ( _m inflexions is t relat$ words are m>k$ s cle>ly t !y may be sep>at$ f ea* o!r or h _! ord] *ang$4 ,! ,yao c\ld speak ( t5 n\ns & say t is h>d1 t is s(t1 c41 )\t ambiguity1 :]e our ^w t 7:i* nev] *anges7 is p[]less4 ,aga91 9 ,engli% we _c say 8! sire ! son address$04 ,9 ,lat91 sire & son are s m>k$ t ! mean+ is unmi/akeable 9 any ord]4 ,b su* advantage is small4 ,s great explicitness z inflect$ languages m>k at e /ep1 is seldom necess>y4 ,! ,yao1 !n1 z comp>$ ) ,engli%1 takes too mu* tr\ble ) ! pr9cipal p>ts ( spee*4 ,its process ( fitt+ out n\ns & v]bs 7:i* affects also adjectives & p>ticles71 is too m9ute & cumbr\s4 #b4 ,com+ n[ to ! m ab/ract & subord9ate p>ts ( spee*1 we f9d t :ile ! ,engli% language has _m ( ^!1 ! ,yao language has n2 & to make up = ! want x ?r[s m "w on ! pr9cipal p>ts ( spee*4 ,9 ,engli% we say1 8to build a h\se = him02 ! ,yao modifies ! v]b 8build0 till x means 8build-=10 & dismisses ! preposition4 ,9 mo/ ( ^! cases ! ,engli% language has an advantage l t :i* arises f ! pr9ciple ( division ( lab\r 9 o!r matt]s4 ,we %all n[ sum up ^! results1 & add a few m 9 ! foll[+ table3-- ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,engli%4 ,,lat94 ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ,,syllables ,may end ) consonant ,may end ) consonant ,,place ,,( ,,acc5t ,n uni=m ,,v[el ,,s\nds ,num]\s ,,inflexions ,,= ,at end 7( words7 ,at end ,,numb] ,,9 ,,n\ns ,,dual ,,numb] ,traces ( 7bo?7 ,traces ( 7ambo74 ,common 9 ,greek ,,case ,,inflexion ,only 9 pron\ns ,highly develop$ 7,n\ns or ,prons47 ,,concord ,,inflex4 ,only 9 pron\ns ,mu* us$ ,,"* ,,( ,pron\ns are masc41 ,masc41 fem41 & ,,! ,,concord fem41 or neut42 b neut] ! di/9ction disappe>s 9 ! plural ,,rules ,,= ,,apply+ ,accord+ to sex ,fa9tly indicat$ ,,?is by ! t]m9ation ,,concord ( ! n\n ,,numb] ,,inflexion ,at end2 r>e ,at end1 almo/ ,,9 ,,v]b sup]s$$ by ! inflexion = p]son ,,concord ,,inflexion ,none ,none 7exc4 :5 ,,9 ,,v]b a v]b is made up ( p>ticiple & auxili>y7 ,,inflexion ,,= ,r>e2 at end ,g5]al2 at end ,,p]son ,,inflexion ,,( ,none ,none ,,v]b ,,to ,,indicate ,,its ,,object ,,inflexion ,,= ,at end4 ,:5 words ,at end ,,moods ,,& are put at ! beg9n+ ,,t5ses !y reta9 _! indep5d5t "*1 & are call$ auxili>ies ,,modifications ,,( ,few ,_m ,,action ,,g5]ally ,,use ,,( ,,adv]bs1 ,l>ge ,few] prepositions ,,prepositions1 ?an 9 ,,o!r ,engli% ow+ to ,,p>ticles case inflexions ,,comp\nd ,,words ,num]\s ,num]\s ---------------------------------------- --------------------------- ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,,hebrew4 ,,yao4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,,syllables ,pref]5ce = ,natives f9d difficulty 9 op5 syllables pron\nc+ syllables end+ except :]e ) a consonant3 !irs all acc5t$ end ) a v[el4 ,,place ,,( ,,acc5t ,great uni=mity 7ne>ly always on ! p5ult 9 ,*9yasa74 ,,v[el ,,s\nds ,few4 ,,inflexions ,,= ,at end ,at beg9n+4 ,,numb] ,,9 ,,n\ns ,,dual ,,numb] ,us$ ,no trace3 e4g41 a ^w l bo? is translat$ by all 7all ! two74 ,,case ,,inflexion ,traces f\nd ,entirely abs5t4 7,n\ns or ,prons47 ,,concord ,,inflex4 ,us$ ,exce$+ly num]\s4 ,,"* ,,( ,masc4 & fem4 ,no trace ( mascul9e or fem99e ,,! ,,concord inflexion ev5 9 pron\ns3 b di/9ctions l 7#a7 p]sonal or p]sonifi$1 7#b7 imp]sonal2 ! latt] be+ subdivid$ into names ( objects 9 nature1 collective1 ab/ract1 ampliative1 dim9utive1 c4 ,,rules ,,= ,,apply+ ,fa9tly indicat$ ,almo/ infallibly indicat$ by ,,?is by ! t]m9- ! beg9n+ ( ! n\n4 ,,concord ation ( ! n\n ,,numb] ,,inflexion ,at end & at ,at beg9n+4 ,,9 ,,v]b beg9n+ ,,concord ,,inflexion ,us$ ,us$4 ,,9 ,,v]b ,,inflexion ,,= ,g542 at beg9n+ ,g5]al2 at beg9n+4 ,,p]son & end ,,inflexion ,,( ,pronom5al ,g5]al1 & us$ to di/+ui% ,,v]b ,,to ,,indicate suffixes def9ite & indef9ite objects4 ,,its ,,object4 ,,inflexion ,,= ,at beg9n+ & ,at beg9n+ 7& end74 ,,moods ,,& end ,,t5ses ,,modifications ,,( ,n s _m = ,num]\s4 in/ead ( an adv]b ,,action ,,g5]ally moods t5ses1 n1 !re is a complicat$ b modifications negative inflexion4 ( action are express$ (t5 by modific- ations ( v]b in/ead ( adv4 ,,use ,,( ,,adv]bs1 ,m "w is ?r[n on ! ,,prepositions1 pr9cipal p>ts ( spee*1 & ,,o!r p>ticles are n mu* us$4 ,,p>ticles ,,comp\nd ,,words ,h>dly any except 9 names2 b d]ivative n\ns c be =m$ v readily4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------- ,we select ,lat9 & ,hebrew1 because ! "o is ( ! ,aryan family ( languages & ! o!r ( ! ,semitic4 ,:at is a family--& :5 are languages said to belong to ! same family8 ,languages1 l ev]y?+ else1 are class$ ) ref]5ce to simil>ity4 ,! simil>ity may be 9 gramm>1 or 9 vocabul>y1 ! =m] k9d ( agreem5t be+ ! m decisive4 ,let u take an example ( agreem5t 9 vocabul>y4 ,9 ! ,aryan gr\p ( languages ! ^w = five is pant%an 9 ,sanscrit1 p5te 9 ,greek1 qu9que 9 ,lat91 pump 9 ,wel%1 funf 9 ,g]man1 & fif 9 ,anglo-,saxon4 ,agreem5ts ( ?is k9d g to prove t ! languages belong to "o great family4 ,next we rea* ! conclusion t ! races t us$ !m _h a common ance/ry :o dwelt 9 an old 8,aryan home04 ,b c we prove t ! ,semitic languages h any k9%ip to ! ,aryan8 ,"s try to d s by look+ = co9cid5ces 9 c]ta9 words1 z 9 ! num]als4 ,= in/ance1 ! ,hebrew = five is *ima%a4 ,has ?is any relation to pant%an8 ,9 look+ at ! ,yao language we (t5 f9d c]ta9 co9cid5ces4 ,if ! ,yao _h ev] d]iv$ a ^w = five f pant%an1 !y w\ld h put a v[el at ! end1 & fur!r1 !y w\ld h treat$ ! beg9n+ ( ! ^w z be+ less important 7j z ! ,greeks treat ! end ( ! words z ( less importance74 ,n[1 x is s+ul> t ! ,yao ^w = five is msano1 ! ,swahili tano1 ! ,*9yasa sanu1 & ! ,nyamwesi nhanu6 ,resemblances ( ?is k9d1 if num]\s & n accid5tal1 w\ld po9t u t[>ds a "t :5 all 8! e>? 0 ( "o language & "o spee*04 ,z we h already h9t$1 ! ,bantu family ( languages1 to :i* ! ,yao belongs1 fills ne>ly ! :ole ( ,s\!rn ,africa4 ,besides ! ,bantu p !re are ! ,hott5tots4 ,z e>ly z #ahej we f9d ,dr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,j4 ,bleek writ+1 8,! ,hott5tot language is to me at ?is mom5t ( great] int]e/ ?an any o!r4 ,! facts h n[ s increas$ ^u me & (f] su* /rong analogies1 t !re is no fur!r d\bt 9 my own m9d1 t n only ! ,coptic b also ! ,semitic & all o!r languages ( ,africa 7z ,b]b]1 ! ,galla dialect1 c41 c471 9 :i* ! di/9ction ( ! mascul9e & fem99e g5d] p]vades ! :ole gramm> are ( common orig904 ,al?\gh ! ,yao is a g5d]less language1 mu* ( its folk lore resembles ! ,hott5tot4 ,dr4 ,bleek has publi%$ #db ,hott5tot tales4 ,i h he>d among/ ! ,yao1 tales correspond+ to #af or #ah ( ^!4 ,,*apt] ,,xviii4 ,,african ,,philology4--7,cont9u$74 ,be=e /at+ ! peculi>ities ( ! ,yao language1 ,i %all illu/rate ! subject by ref]5ce to ! spee* ( *ildr54 ,?is =m ( illu/ration applies to unwritt5 languages g5]ally2 & al?\gh n mu* allud$ to 9 books on ,philology1 x is1 ,i v5ture to ?9k1 exce$+ly important1 n only = ! !ory ( language1 b = ! guidance ( p]sons t are confront$ ) unwritt5 tongues4 ,:ile *ildr5 are le>n+ to speak1 _! sl[ness comes n entirely f ! intellect1 b f want ( comm& ( ! vocal organs4 ,on enc\nt]+ a ^w t !y _c pron\nce1 !y frame a ^w ( _! own :i* !y employ in/ead4 ,9 imitat+ ! ^w table1 a *ild may say dodo1 a s\nd :i* at fir/ sight seems to h no relation to ! ^w 8table04 ,yet ! *ild employs x uni=mly1 & (t5 = m ?an a ye>4 ,su* imp]fect imitations are n by accid5t3 !y foll[ laws simil> to ^? pr9ciples t op]ate 9 *ang+ ! same orig9al s\nd into ! qu9que ( ,lat91 ! pump ( ,wel%1 & ! five ( ,engli%4 ,=m ( ,words4--,! syllable easie/ = a *ild is a s+le consonant foll[$ by a v[el4 ,= basket a *ild says tase2 = purse1 he says tuse4 ,:]e two consonants come toge!r1 z ! sk & rs ( ^! words1 ! *ild ?r[s out "o ( !m4 ,he also drops ! f9al t 9 basket1 & obta9s a syllable end+ ) a v[el2 & :]e no v[el exi/s he supplies "o1 z 9 tuse = purse 7purs74 ,beg9n+ ( ,syllables4--,"s ma9ta9 t we _c beg9 a syllable )\t a consonant1 or at lea/ an aspirate l :at ! ,greeks wrote4 ,*ildr5 seem to be exceptions z !y leave out a difficult consonant & beg9 ) a v[el--t becomes at z well z tat b ev5 9 at !re exi/s ! k9d ( aspirate cont5d$ =4 ,9 ! ,yao language syllables almo/ always beg9 ) a consonant4 ,"h arises an important pr9ciple ( spell+4 ,i %\ld n l to decide :e!r we ought to write ,ya-o or ,ya-wo4 ,! natives !mselves _h no writ+ till we taught !m1 & on words l ,yao1 my be/ pupils 7 divid$4 ,"s pron\nc$ & spelt ,yao1 o!rs ,yawo4 ,i believe t ! s\nd at fir/ 0 ,yawo1 & etymology 9 _m cases be>s out my conclusion4 ,b 9 c\rse ( "t ! orig9al ,yawo may be r5d]$ ,yao1 z an orig9al hone/ has become one/4 ,end ( ,syllables4--,x is n s easy to end a syllable ) a consonant4 ,! *ild's e>li] syllables end ) v[els z papa4 ,! difficulty ( pull+ up ! voice at once is se5 9 ! utt]ance ( c]ta9 words l rock1 especially by ,scot*m5 :o (t5 unconsci\sly pron\nce z if ! ^w 7 rocka4 ,all ,yao syllables end ) a v[el4 ,p>ts ( ,spee*4--,! language ( *ildhood %[s t man obs]ves ?+s be=e he obs]ves ! relations betwe5 !m4 ,n\ns & v]bs come be=e ! o!r p>ts ( spee*1 b :5 fir/ employ$ !y are m l int]jections4 ,! imp]ative ( ! v]b1 :i* is z ne> to an int]jection z may be1 =ms a l>ge elem5t 9 infantile spee*3 ?us adjectives :5 fir/ us$ are 9 effect imp]atives or int]jections4 ,! expression ,doto dad 7doctor bad7 is synonym\s ) ,doto1 g-way 7doctor1 g away74 ,:e!r n\ns or v]bs come fir/ is h>dly wor? discuss+1 because x is mislead+ to apply ! di/9ction ( p>ts ( spee* at a /age :]e spee* has no p>ts4 ,b x may be not$ t :at we call n\ns are us$ by ! *ild l v]bs3 ?us1 ,no tair 7*air7 means 8,d n put me on ! *air04 ,! ,mean+ ( ,n\ns4--,n\ns at fir/ d5ote individuals l papa1 mamma4 ,b ! *ild by & by sums up 9 ^! words a great deal ( mean+1 & if he 7 plac$ 9 a _w :]e he saw no :ite woman b 8 "m1 ! next female t appe>$ he w\ld call mamma4 ,s if ! only animal he is acqua9t$ ) be a dog1 he at fir/ calls goats1 %eep1 or rabbits all dogs4 ,inflexion ( ,n\ns4--,a *ild sees no ne$ ( inflexions1 & =ms 8 fir/ s5t5ces accord+ly4 ,he says m man = m m51 see m camel = see m camels4 ,aft] he feels ! ne$ ( a plural1 8 fir/ impulse is to express x by old mat]ials1 & !n see m camel is us$ :]e ! mean+ und\bt$ly is see ! camels or see camels4 ,! possessive case is simil>ly disp5s$ )3 = ,john's book we get ,john boop4 ,?is has a /rong relevancy 9 ! explanation ( ,african tongues1 :]e ,kumlomba bro!r is us$ = ,kumlomba's bro!r4 ,adjectives are at fir/ us$ exactly l n\ns4 ,we tell a *ild x is hot 9 !re1 & he says hot 9 'ere1 & imm$iately adds fire 9 'ere1 ?us %[+ t he consid]s hot z a sub/itute = ! correspond+ n\n4 ,moreov] adjectives1 on _! fir/ appe>ance1 are (t5 us$ to make comp\nd n\ns 9 :i* ! adjective mean+ is lo/4 ,! *ild says1 ,dem dood-doy = ,james is a good boy4 ,dood-doy is really "o ^w1 & is r a n\n ?an an adjective4 ,?is expla9s :y x is t 9 ,african tongues simple adjectives are v few4 ,9 ! ,yao language1 adjectives be+ s unimportant1 h no inflexion = comp>ison4 ,articles are entirely disp5s$ ) by *ildr54 ,look at ! man1 look at a man1 are bo? r5d]$ ook man4 ,pron\ns are n easily und]/ood at fir/4 ,a *ild he>s ! words1 ,come1 & ,i w ba! y3 by & by he asks = 8 ba! y[1 ba!-y be+ und]/ood z a s+le ^w1 :i* he con/rues z a n\n4 ,x is long be=e he says ,i did x2 he says ,james did x in/ead4 ,also = my boot he says ,dem toot 7,james' boot74 ,inde$1 ! int]rogative pron\n :o seems to be und]/ood be=e ! p]sonal pron\ns4 ,relative pron\ns come v mu* lat]4 ,h5ce 9 ,african tongues !y are poorly repres5t$4 ,!y resemble conjunctions1 & are introduc$ into ! vocabul>y ( *ildhood1 we believe1 ev5 lat] ?an !y4 ,v]bs4--,*ildr5 are fond ( view+ a complex ph5om5on z an action4 ,:5 we tell a *ild to look at ! m5 ty+ on a sail1 we call =? ! expression tat ty+ on = t is a ty+ on4 ,! subject & object are ?us ignor$ 9 comp>ison ) ! action itself4 ,s 9 ,african tongues ! v]b is ( ov]:elm+ importance4 ,besides ! imp]ative1 "o "p ( ! v]b frequ5tly us$ 9 *ildhood is ! p>ticiple3 z ,james eat+ food = ,james is eat+ 8 food4 ,! eat+ is us$ z a n\n or an inf9itive4 ,! inf9itive is l>gely us$ 9 ,yao to express action 9 g5]al1 & ! indicative mood is =m$ f x4 ,adv]bs are by *ildr5 (t5 us$ z imp]atives1 z quick6 7,adv]bs ( place z well z demon/rative adjectives are soon us$ 9 company ) vocal ge/ures47 ,negation is e>ly express$ by putt+ no be=e v]bs or n\ns1 z1 ,doto no g1 = ! doctor did n g1 no home1 = we w n g home4 ,(t5 adv]bs make b "o idea ) ! adjective or v]b t !y are atta*$ to1 z g-away4 ,! same ?+ is se5 9 ! case ( prepositions4 ,put on y\r coat is r5d]$ tut on toat & ev5 ton toat1 pu fall+ out & ton be+ us$ = a v]b4 ,s1 put (f y\r coat is t(f toat4 ,?is pr9ciple illu/rates :at has be5 call$ appli$ v]bs & causative v]bs4 ,a neut] v]b l put is made transitive by plac+ ano!r ^w l on aft] x1 & ?is o!r ^w is liable to become "p ( ! v]b1 z if put on 0 ! transitive =m ( put4 ,! pr9ciple is ( ! greate/ use 9 expla9+ ,african d]ivative v]bs4 ,aga91 *ildr5 (t5 omit prepositions4 ,look man1 is us$ = look at a man2 man 'os = a man on a horse4 ,z reg>ds conjunctions1 simple p l *ildr5 are (t5 cont5t to express "o idea or s5t5ce at a "t4 ,:5 !y h to jo9 two ideas or s5t5ces !y put !m side by side )\t any connect+ ^w4 ,james & papa becomes 9 ! infantile language ,james1 papa4 ,9 ! same way1 connect+ words l ! logical copula1 are at fir/ omitt$1 z ,dem dad boy1 = ,james is a bad boy4 ,! t5d5cy to omit ! copula1 ?r[s light on ! e>li] use ( adjectives4 ,:5 ! *ild says bad-boy1 ! expression is to be tak5 z a s+le ^w1 & we may call x a n\n4 ,b (t5 ! *ild soon] und]/&s1 boy bad1 ! equival5t to him1 ( ! boy is bad2 :i* ?\ght is ultimately develop$ z x is writt51 ?\gh at fir/ ! *ild views x z be+ ! equival5t ( boy1 g away4 ,unwritt5 languages are m>k$ by a peculi> graphicness1 aris+ p>tly f ! omission ( connect+ words1 & p>tly f o!r causes4 ,! expression1 8if y be suffici5tly w>m1 y w be suffici5tly braw 7well-dress$710 is v weak1 :5 comp>$ ) ! prov]bial 8w>m en\gh1 braw en\gh04 ,a savage1 or a *ild1 w\ld feel x v tame to say1 8if y d n cov] y\r well1 "s "o w walk into x04 ,he w\ld say1 8cov] y\r well1 a man w g into x1 plump60 ,in/ead ( an intangible1 8"o _c say :at "o w\ld ?9k1 if "o fell into a well10 ! m natural language ( *ildhood is1 8,i _c say :at ,i w\ld ?9k1 c410 or1 8y _c tell :at y w\ld ?9k1 c40 ,in/ead ( 8he /abb$ him v deeply10 we h1 8he put ! knife into him t l5g?60 ,! above rem>ks on ! imitation ( s\nds & spee* by infants1 besides illu/rat+ an unwritt5 language1 w enable a read]1 to :om ! subject really is new1 to und]/& h[ languages t are ( ! same family1 may yet diff] imm5sely4 ,x is to be rememb]$ t diff]5t individuals imitate diff]5tly4 ,:ile "s f9d x easi] to ?r[ out consonants1 o!rs put !m 91 z "s m5 f9d x easy to say ,amelia-r-an = ,amelia ,ann4 ,aga91 *ildr5 (t5 modify _! v[els to comp5sate = "s consonant !y _c pron\nce4 ,:5 a *ild says tate1 = blanket1 ! a is emphasis$ ?r\gh an ef=t to embrace ! n4 ,"s ,african races say ,nyansa1 o!rs ,nyasa1 ) ! a s modifi$ t we might write1 ,nyaasa1 or ,nyassa4 ,l *ildr5 beg9n+ to speak1 c]ta9 races h few consonants1 & are oblig$ to ?r[ mu* "w ^u !m4 ,?us "o tribe _h to call ,capta9 ,cook1 ! fir/ ,engli%man t !y met1 ,tapta9 ,toot1 mak+ ! t d duty = ! c 7k74 ,:5 we ?9k ( ! v>i\s ways 9 :i* a language may be modifi$1 we are mu* /ruck by /udy+ a "w l ,koelle's ,polyglotta ,africana1 :i* po9ts to /rik+ aff9ities1 traceable among ,african tongues4 ,moreov]1 su* works are liable to be at fir/ obscur$ ?r\gh mislead+ data4 ,p]plexity is caus$ by words f languages t _h n be5 p]fectly /udi$ at ! "t4 ,?us :]e !re are two words = 8woman10 ! philologi/ may he> only "o1 :i* in/ead ( be+ ! prop] in/rum5t = trac+ aff9ities1 may be d]iv$ f ano!r ^w )9 ! special dialect4 ,aga9 9 "o language an old ^w = 8woman10 may h be5 sup]s$$1 al?\gh "s d]ivatives f x yet rema94 ,z m languages are gradually r$uc$1 a ri* h>ve/ awaits ! philologi/ 9 ,africa4 ,^! illu/rations f ! spee* ( *ildr51 include ne>ly all t w be expect$ f "o giv+ a g5]al acc\nt ( an ,african language4 ,we are aw>e ( ! dang] ( conv]t+ illu/rations into pr9ciples )\t /at+ _! limitations3 z did ! man :o want$ to prove t all spee* 0 b a developm5t ( ! utt]ances ( ! l[] animals4 ,aft] mak+ obs]vations on two ( 8 *ildr51 he f\nd 8 !ory mu* confirm$2 b :5 he tri$ ! ?ird *ild1 its fir/ utt]ance 01 8,don't tease1 g away04 ,?is wond]ful s5t5ce br\ght 8 !ory into discr$it2 b x is cle> t ,i may claim ?is *ild 9 confirmation ( :at ,i h adduc$4 ,its fir/ utt]ance is made up ( imp]atives1 & ?is on our pr9ciples1 is j :at x ought to be6 ,x rema9s only to give a %ort acc\nt ( po9ts n yet t\*$ on4 ,s\nds4 ,v[els & consonants are mu* modifi$ = euphony4 ,! consonant *anges may be exemplifi$ 9 connection ) ! lett] n1 e4g41 ku-n-lola becomes kundola2 & 9 ku-n-sosa ! n is entirely dropp$1 b ! prec$+ v[el is l5g!n$1 & ! ^w might be writt5 kuusosa4 ,9 ?is way1 n-l becomes nd1 n1 l1 or nil n-f 0 f n-m 0 m n-n 0 n n-s 0 s n-u 0 u n-ng 0 ng' n-j 0 ny n-k 0 ng n-t 0 nd n-w 0 mbw1 c41 c4 ,9 ,african spell+1 "s advocate ! disb&+ ( j & * 9 fav\r ( t% & dzh1 b ! *anges ( * & j aft] ! lett] n af=d an argum5t aga9/ writ+ ^! lett]s t% & dzh 9 ! ,yao language4 ,?us1 = kun*ondelela 7kunt%ondelela7 we he> kunjondelela 7kundzhondelela71 & n kund%ondelela4 ,b su* que/ions turn greatly on exp$i5cy4 ,words4--,an ,engli% ^w l lov$1 is f\nd to consi/ ( two elem5ts1 a simpl] ^w love1 & ! end+ d4 ,if ! simpl] ^w love be n trac$ f>!r back x is call$ a root4 ,! o!r elem5t d indicates ! modification ( ! root4 ,9 ord] to give an acc\nt ( su* a ^w we h to expla9 7#a7 ! root1 7#b7 ! modification ( x4 ,! modification ( x by ! addition ( d is well expla9$ :5 we h f\nd t d is = did4 ,b h[ d roots arise8 ,a great _m are imitations ( s\nds 9 nature1 o!rs may be utt]ances :i* 7 at fir/ accid5tally associat$ ) c]ta9 objects4 ,yao words we may expla9 9 ! foll[+ mann]4 ,9 ! case ( kulemba 7to write1 m>k71 we may suppose t ! root lemb or r lembe expresses ! s\nd made by "s scrat*+ in/rum5t4 ,h5ce we h lemba ! %orte/ =m ( ! v]b4 ,f ?is v]bal root we may =m t5 n\ns :i* express diff]5t mean+s & fall into t5 classes4 ,/rangely en\gh ^! classes correspond to a great ext5t ) ! classifications ( ! n\n /at$ 9 "s ,engli% gramm>s 7see ,ba9's ,gramm>74 ,!y may be exemplifi$ z foll[s3-- #a ,mlemba1 a writ] 7p]sonal7 ,ju-akulemba1 "o t writes #b ,ulembe1 writ+1 m>k+ 7ab/ract7 #c ,ndembile 7nembo71 a writ+ #d ,*ilembo1 a great m>k 7ampliative7 #e ,lilembo1 a m>k names ( natural objects #f ,lulembo1 a m>k #g ,kalembo1 a little m>k 7dim9utive7 #h ,kulemba1 writ+ 7v]bal n\n or inf9itive7 #i ,pakulembila1 a place-=-writ+-at1 desk #aj ,mukulembila1 a-place-=-writ+ 91 (fice ,^! t5 classes ( n\ns may be =m$ 9 connection ) e v]b4 ,! #bnd class1 besides embrac+ ab/ract n\ns includes ! names ( all trees t beg9 ) m2 :ile ! ?ird class embraces ! names ( birds & animals1 especially su* z appe> 9 flocks2 z de]1 %eep2 & ! words 9 ?is class h n[ no plural ?\gh !re is "s evid5ce t !y _h a plural =m]ly4 ,s5t5ces4--,a n\n 9 a s5t5ce dem&s ! concord ( adjectives1 pron\ns1 & v]bs4 ,?is is ! only important concord 9 ! language4 ,! abs5ce ( g5d] is a great peculi>ity4 ,a native may make a long spee* ab\t a p]son :ile 8 audi5ce d n "k :e!r x is a man or a woman t is spok5 (4 ,aga91 :5 a native speaks ( p]sons x may be impossible to tell :e!r he means "o p]son1 or sev]al4 ,orig9ally1 ! s+ul> ( ! ?ird p]son 0 di/9ct f ! plural1 b by ! use ( a plural ( excell5ce "o man is habitually spok5 ( z !y4 ,?is is a ref9em5t ( polit5ess4#ae ,9 ! same way ! ,engli% language employs y in/ead ( ?\3 ^! natives g f>!r on ! same l9es1 ?r[+ away n only numb]1 b p]son also4 ,9 ,engl&1 :]e ! "q is ask$ 8:]e are y go+0 ! reply w be 8,i am go+ to y\r h\se04 ,! ,african = ! same mean+ w\ld reply 8,i am go+ to 8 h\se04 ,traces ( ! same ref9em5t exi/ 9 ,engl&3 ?us1 in/ead ( 8,:at d y want0 we may he> 8,:at does 8 ,rev]5ce want80 ,! foll[+ w %[ ! me?od ( t5se =mation4 ,! pres5t indicative1 ,i love1 may be analys$ into ,i-a-lov+ or ,i-to-love 7p]son1 preposition1 & v]b74 ,! p]fect t5se1 indicat+ complet$ action1 is made up ( ! root mean+ love1 & an affix :i* seems to be ak9 to a demon/rative pron\n1 & signifies t ! action is !re or at a di/ance n[4 ,"o future t5se is =m$ f a p>ticiple ) a negative1 s t ,i %all love ,i-a-lov+ b-n-yet4 ,^! are ! ?ree lead+ t5ses1 b ! f]tility ( t5se =ms is amaz+--?us we h a t5se = 8,:y %\ld ,i neglect to love80 ,yao has a great weal? ( p>ticiples1 :i* seem to be want+ entirely 9 ,*9yasa4 ,d]iv$ v]bs are num]\s4 ,f a ^w leka1 to leave1 we h le*ela 7= lekela7 leave =2 le*esya & lekasya 7^: t]m9ations rem9d "o ( ! ,greek idso7 ) causative mean+s2 lekana 7 leka na2 na )7 leave ea* o!r1 or toge!r2 lekanya1 sep>ate ) causative lekanisya2 z also lekwa & le*eka ) passive & neut] mean+s4 ,9 ! /udy ( ^! languages we are (t5 rem9d$ t :at are n[ to u famili> words1 7 really =m$ ) mu* difficulty1 & we are n s ready to laugh at ! ,etymologi/ :o d]iv$ ! ,lat9 ^w nihil = no?+ f a bean1 z if x orig9ally meant 8n a s+le pea06 ,9 "s ,african dialects !re is great difficulty 9 gett+ a ^w to translate 8no?+04 ,yet1 aft] all1 ! ,engli% language has n mu* to boa/ ( "h2 "s ( ^! dialects c also furni% a d]ivative ^w l no-?+4 ,,*apt] ,,xix4 ,,e/imate ,,( ,,native ,,"*4 8,! savage is ess5tially cruel1 n hav+ ! lea/ reg>d = ! suff]+s ( o!rs1 & inflict+ ! mo/ frightful tortures ) calm enjoym5t4 ,z = morality1 z we und]/& ! ^w1 ! true savage has no conception ( x1 & ! sc5es :i* nightly take place 9 savage l&s1 are ( su* a nature t travell]s pass !m ov] 9 discreet sil5ce4 ,hone/y 9 its "r s5se is equally unkn[n1 & s is tru?fulness1 a successful !ft1 & an undetect$ falsehood1 be+ evid5ces ( skill & +5uity1 & by no means a disgrace40--,t4 ,g4 ,,wood',s ,nat4 ,hi/4 ( ,man4 ,9 speak+ ( ,native ,"* we beg9 ) ! ,,physical side4 ,! features1 despite ?ick lips & flat noses1 are by no means unpleasant4 ,! =ehead is well =m$4 ,at fir/ all black faces seem$ alike1 b ?is 0 because ! blackness 0 !n /range to u1 & n because ! faces want$ v>iety3 aft] return+ f a long /ay among negroes1 we felt ! same difficulty 9 di/+ui%+ :ite faces4 ,_! figures are tall & graceful4 ,"s ( ! m5 are six feet high1 :ile few c be call$ little4 ,! wom51 ow+ to _! out-door "w1 are /rik+ly tall & /rong4 ,aft] becom+ accu/om$ to _! 8want ( dress10 "o feels t natives are se5 to mo/ advantage 9 _! own co/ume4 ,!y don't look well 9 g>m5ts ( ! ord9>y coat-&-tr\s]s description1--col\r$ %irts1 or ev5 :ite %irts ) r$ bord]s suit bett]4 ,_! p[]s ( endurance are v great4 ,m5 & wom5 w c>ry sixty p\nds on ! head1 & walk at a brisk pace = two days' j\rney ( =ty miles4 ,z !y m>* ?us "u a burn+ sun1 _! :ole body is cov]$ ) beads ( p]spiration1 yet !y d n succumb4 ,9 e/imat+ ! value ( c]ta9 ,roman ,g5]als1 ,livy 0 c>eful to note1 t !y _h ! p[] ( endur+ hung] = a long "t4 ,! ,yao w\ld h m]it$ 8 praise1 = !y possess ?is p[] 9 an extraord9>y degree4 ,!y w m>* = days )\t any 8o/5sible0 means ( keep+ !mselves alive4 ,on occasions :5 we misjudg$ di/ances1 & 7 oblig$ to pass ab\t #bj h\rs 7mo/ly ( great ex]tion7 )\t food1 our anxiety ab\t our companions1 0 met by ! polite assurance t 8!y _h eat504 ,!y ev5 contriv$ to turn ! sympa?y ! o!r way by say+1 8,we are us$ to hung]1 b ! :ite man w fa9t04 ,! :ite man might endure hung] ne>ly z long1 b ! native has ?is advantage--:5 food comes he has an enorm\s capacity = quantity1 he is a 8dreadful eat]10 :ile ! :ite man c sc>cely ta/e a morsel4 ,! natives c also endure ! burn+ ?ir/ ( ?is l&4 ,on a long day's m>*1 !y pass all ! /reams 9 ! morn+ )\t dr9k+3 x is n till ?ree or f\r o'clock 9 ! aft]noon t !y become ?ir/y4 ,b ! :ite man may dr9k by ! end ( ! fir/ h\r1 & !n he becomes 8demoralis$0 = ! day4 ,z he cont9ues ! hot m>* 8 ?ir/ increases b he _c qu5* x4 ,he arrives at a cle> rippl+ brook1 ha/ily puts a /one "u 8 knees--a dr9k+ jug is a mock]y n[1 he mu/ get at ! /ream itself--/ill he is nev] q satisfi$4 ,he craves ! dr9k+ = its own sake4 ,aft] imbib+ a great quantity ( wat]1 he is griev$ t he _c g on dr9k+ m1 & no soon] has he left "o /ream ?an he beg9s to long = ano!r4 ,! unpleasant crav+ cont9ues till ! sun beg9s to s9k 9 ! we/4 ,he may avoid ! torture by ab/a9+ f dr9k+ at fir/1 only to ex]cise ?is self-d5ial1 x is almo/ imp]ative to %ut ! eyes :5 pass+ a /ream6 ,"s natives suff] 9 ! same way1 b !y are *iefly boys4 ,:5 mu* exhau/$ ! natives light a pipe1 ea* takes "o or two :iffs & passes x on to 8 neighb\r4 ,9 a few m9utes all are inspir$ ) fre% en]gy4 ,9 "w t !y d n l1 !y v soon compla9 ( fatigue1 b 9 o!r cases1 ev5 :5 ask$ to re/1 !y r$\ble _! en]gies1 :ile !y make ! :ole welk9 r+ ) "s wild song4 ,!y are nev] s tir$ t ! sight ( game does n r\se !m to e en]gy necess>y = pursuit4 ,! natives are veget>ians n ( *oice1 b ( necessity4 ,few c procure mu* fle%1 & !y avoid milk & eggs on sup]/iti\s gr\nds4 ,!y are1 !re=e1 9 ! op9ion ( "s1 defici5t 9 muscle4 ,!y c]ta9ly d n excel 9 do+ "w t requires a dead /ra91 b ?is is due to want ( practice--!y are n us$ to su* "w4 ,at _! own homes !y nev] require to raise heavy /ones or weights1 & _! nak$ legs & arms are out ( keep+ ) ! task4 ,con/ant exposure ( _! bodies to ! elem5ts1 r5d]s !m v h>dy4 ,?is feature 9 ! ,african has almo/ become prov]bial4 8,f con/ant usage1 ! soles ( 8 feet are def5d$ by a ?ick5$ sk9 z ins5sible z ! sole ( any boot4 ,he w walk ) uncommon unconc]n ov] %>p /ones & ?orns1 :i* w\ld lame a ,european at ! fir/ /ep40 ,mr4 ,wood rem>ks t1 8,_! /ate ( heal? enables !m to survive injuries :i* w\ld be almo/ in/antly fatal to an ord9>y civilis$ ,european10 & m5tions a wond]ful case ( two "y girls t 7 remov$ f a heap ( corpses4 8,"o _h receiv$ #ai /abs ) ! assegai1 & ! o!r #ba4 ,!y surviv$ _! dreadful w\nds1 rea*+ womanhood1 ?\gh bo? crippl$ = life40 8,! dread$ #8/ick' ( ! ,ori5tals1 w\ld lose its t]rors to a ,kaffir1 :o w\ld endure ! ba/9ado ) comp>ative impunity40 ,! same writ] speaks ( a ,hott5tot wagon-driv] :o fell "u ! :eels ( 8 wagon4 ,"o ( ! =e-:eels pass$ ov] 8 neck1 & z ! wagon 0 load$ ) "s two tons ( firewood1 x might be suppos$ he 0 kill$ on ! spot4 ,he 0 n only alive1 b _h ! pres5ce ( m9d to roll out ( ! way ( ! h9d :eel4 ,9 answ] to anxi\s inquiries1 he said he 0 n mu* hurt1 except by "s small /ones :i* _h be5 =c$ into 8 sk91 & :i* he ask$ a g5tleman to remove4 ,9 ,africa we (t5 saw in/ances ( endurance1 :i* w\ld make u exclaim ) ,buffon1 t civilis$ man does n "k 8 own p[]s4 ,judg$ by a ,european /&>d1 ^! natives w\ld n be comm5d$ = cleanl9ess4 ,_! habit ( sme>+ ! body ) oil or grease1 is v repugnant4 ,:5 a boy 0 cook+ our d9n]1 he delight$ to put 8 f+]s into ! fat & sme> 8 :ole body4 8,kafirs10 says ,mr4 ,wood1 8are *>m+ savages1 b x is always z well to keep to ! w9dw>d ( !m1 at all ev5ts1 until ! no/rils h become accu/om$ to _! od\r40 ,judg$ by an ,african /&>d1 ?is habit w\ld be highly approv$2 = a ,european :5 oblig$ to dress l a native1 feels ! necessity = 8 grease6 ,z !y lie ab\t on ! gr\nd _! bodies & scanty dresses become v dirty4 ,9 "s di/ricts !y ba! a great deal4 ,our pupils at ,zomba avail$ !mselves ( ! beautiful /ream daily4 ,ba?+ 9 ! morn+ is avoid$2 ! /reams are !n cold1 especially on ! hills4 ,b :5 a travell] re/s by a brook at mid-day 8 native companions g5]ally ba!4 ,pass+ n[ to ! ,,moral side ( _! "* ,i %all fir/ po9t to _! great want ( tru?fulness4 8,tell+ lies0 is mu* practis$ & is seldom consid]$ a fault4 ,! way 9 :i* x comes be=e ! ,european is l ?is4 ,he ent]s ! c\ntry ) half-a-doz5 ba?-t[els expect+ !m to la/ = a long "t4 ,9 a few weeks ! majority ( !m h disappe>$4 ,he !n beg9s to op5 8 eyes1 & 9 a %ort "t he sees 8 8boy0 mak+ (f ) ! la/ ( !m4 ,i h be5 mu* amus$ at ! e>ne/ness ) :i* ! new-com] w exclaim3 8,i actually saw him take x & f\nd x 9 8 h&s1 & yet he d5i$06 ,9 su* cases ! d5ial ( ! native is made all ! /rong]4 ,:at is want+ 9 probability mu/ be suppli$ by boldness4 ,! negro (t5 ?9ks t he is flatt]$ by be+ accus$ ( falsehood4 ,s1 :5 natives wi% to pay a high complim5t to a ,european :o has told !m an int]e/+ /ory1 !y look into 8 face & say 8,o fa!r1 y are a great li>60 ,av>ice is /rong 9 ^! p1 & prompts to mu* *eat+4 ,a native comes to ! ,mission /ore to sell eggs4 ,:5 ask$ if !y are fre%1 z a matt] ( c\rse he says !y are4 ,! /orekeep] aft] try+ !m 9 wat] decl9es to buy1 & ! native calmly retires4 ,he has be5 outwitt$ on ?is occasion & t is all1 he hopes to play a bett] game next4 ,he c>ries 8 eggs home1 & c>efully lays !m pa/4 ,a few weeks aft]1 le>n+ t ?is /orekeep] is abs5t1 he =?) takes 8 eggs1 ha/5s to ! new /orekeep]1 decl>es t !y are fre%1 & succe$s 9 sell+6 ,9 mak+ a b>ga9 ! native has b "o pr9ciple1 he tries to get z mu* z he c4 ,z av>ice & selfi%ness are (t5 too /rong = ! civilis$ man1 we mu/ n expect too mu* f ! savage4 ,/ill1 ! natives h _m motives aga9/ a wret*$ gre$4 ,! tea*+ at _! ,my/]ies condemns ! wret* :o 8conc5tres all on self04 ,aga91 ! memb]s ( a community h _! meals 9 common1 & :5 a /rang] arrives at a village he is treat$ ) ! greate/ hospitality4 ,"o night ,i came ^u a village at ! side ( a wood1 j z its two male inhabitants 7 beg9n+ _! ev5+ meal4 ,i 0 accompani$ by twelve boys1 two ( :om 7 close by me1 & at once receiv$ an invitation to supp]4 ,i expect$ t ! m5 w\ld be mu* puzzl$ :5 !y f\nd out ! real numb] ( _! gue/s4 ,b no4 ,z soon z ! o!r t5 boys came out ( ! wood1 !y invit$ !m likewise1 gladly giv+ up _! own meal to my p>ty4 ,kn[+ t ! hungry m5 w\ld h to wait till m food c\ld be cook$1 ,i c\ld n b admire _! /rict adh]5ce to native cu/om "u su* difficulty4 ,x w\ld h demoralis$ !m to (f] paym5t1 b ,i quietly s\ght an opportunity ( meet+ _! daught]s & pres5t+ !m ) a quantity ( beads4 ,/ill1 x may be d\bt$ :e!r ! natives on ! :ole are m g5]\s ?an ,europeans4 ,_! insecurity makes !m lazy1 _! laz9ess makes !m poor1 !y h little to give1 & expect a l>ge return = a small pres5t4 ,9 our fir/ contact ) ! ,portuguese aft] em]g+ f ! atmosph]e ( ! native k+s1 we 7 receiv$ ) great hospitality1 &1 hav+ be5 s long us$ to ! natives1 ,i became conc]n$ ab\t repay+ ! k9dness1 :5 "o ( our p>ty said1 8,:y1 y are among ,*ri/ians n[1 don't ?9k y are deal+ ) "s old *ief :o gives = ! purpose ( gett+04 ,any novelty has a great attraction1 ?\gh ! emotion ( fe> sometimes ov]p[]s t ( wond]4 ,a :ite man1 sitt+ quietly aft] 8 day's m>* ) a cr[d ( p r\nd him1 proce$s to light 8 c&le4 ,9 a few mom5ts !re is a t]rible /amp$e4 ,%rieks ( t]ror dr[n ! laught] ( ! travell]'s native ret9ue4 ,:at c x mean8 ,:y1 he has /ruck a mat*6 ,z soon1 h[ev]1 z ! fir/ sc>e is ov]1 ! cr[d increases & comes ne>]4 ,:5 satisfi$ t !re is no dang]1 ! old m5 ask to see m ( ! wond]ful little fire-/ick2 & by & by1 all admire x s mu* t if ! travell] 7 to li/5 to _! entreaties1 he w\ld sit light+ mat*es all night4 ,:5 ! ,mission>ies fir/ came into ! c\ntry1 ! revolv] produc$ a pr(\nd impression2 x 0 look$ ^u z a sup]natural weapon1 ! idea be+ t its possessor c\ld fire )\t ev] requir+ to reload4 ,c]ta9 p[]ful *iefs ne> ,nyassa1 on be+ %[n "s revolv] practice1 at once put _! h&s to _! ?roats & said to ! ,mission>ies1 8,y are ! k+s ( ?is c\ntry04 ,su* an impression z ?is1 gives ! ,mission>y a brea?+ "t till ! natives become acqua9t$ ) him4 ,if !y ?\ght him q def5celess _m w\ld kill him at once1 especially if he _h any goods4 ,b ap>t f revolv]s1 ! v appe>ance ( a :ite man at fir/ inspires ! native ) fe>4 ,nor is ?is /range1 = if a black man _h %[n himself 9 any quiet ,engli% hamlet be=e its inhabitants knew t negroes exi/$1 !re w\ld h be5 a t]rible sc>e4 ,s1 :5 a :ite man appe>s 9 an ,african village1 natives t are unfamili> ) su* specim5s ( humanity take to _! heels6 ,b gradually _! fe>s subside1 & !y come to look at ! man4 ,!y exam9e 8 long hair1 8 hat1 8 umbrella1 8 boots & 8 /ock+s1 & :5 he goes away !y foll[ him1 & he c see t !y w soon become 8 fri5ds4 ,! *ildr5 are p>ticul>ly drawn to ! /rang]3 :ile ^? :o rank highe/ z sorc]]s are mo/ influ5c$ by sup]/iti\s fe>4 ,! emotions ( t5d]ness & sympa?y are /rong among "s1 :ile o!rs are z call\s z c be conceiv$4 ,b few ( !m w\ld say ) ,hobbes1 t 8pity is a weakness1 & t ! be/ m5 h lea/ ( x10 = on "o occasion1 :]e a m\rn] produc$ a copi\s supply ( te>s by tak+ snuff1 ! o!rs adm9i/]$ a grave rebuke1 tell+ him t1 88 0 no true sorr[04 ,usually _! grief = _! fri5ds is int5se4 ,9 ?is respect 7z ?r\gh\t ! :ole emotional side ( _! nature71 !y resemble *ildr54 ,!y are easily impress$1 b !y d n keep grief long] ?an grief keeps !m4 ,! humor\s side ( a subject has great attractions = ! natives4 ,9 cases :]e !re is any disposition to qu>rel1 "o joke is wor? t5 argum5ts4 ,!y are always polite en\gh to laugh at ! ,engli%man's jokes1 especially if he speak ) a half s]i\s air4 ,9 any discussion1 x is ! humor\s side t !y mo/ appreciate4 ,9 ! c\rse ( a conv]sation ) ,kap5i & 8 p1 ab\t ! cu/om ( kill+ slaves to accompany ! dead1 aft] try+ ! argum5ts t mo/ readily sugge/ !mselves1 ,i po9t$ out t ! slaves 7 big p[]ful m51 :ile ! deceas$ 0 v weak1 & t if a qu>rel took place beyond ! grave1 ! deceas$ w\ld h no *ance aga9/ !m4 ,!y laugh$ immod]ately at ?is1 & :5 report+ ! discussion to _! fri5ds1 !y dwelt *iefly on ! idea t slaves w\ld be z good z _! ma/] 8on ! o!r side ( ! grave10 & might av5ge _! dea?4 ,9 conv]sation ) ea* o!r !y h a great capacity = pres5t+ ! laughable side ( ev5ts4 ,x (t5 happ5s t a /rang] reg>ds ! natives z be+s to be patronis$ & amus$ by2 s mu* does he consid] himself sup]ior to !m4 ,n[ z might almo/ be expect$1 !y view ! new-com] 9 ! v same light6 ,mo/ ( !m hum\r him & all[ him to treat !m z *ildr51 b all ! same1 !y amuse !mselves at 8 exp5se aft] he is gone1 &1 inde$1 :ile he is pres5t1 if !y "k t he _c und]/& _! spee*4 ,!y are c>eful n to laugh if !re be any dang] ( giv+ (f5ce4 ,once at ! close ( an op5 air meet+1 an ,engli%man happ5$ to get up on ! trunk ( a l>ge tree1 :i* "o (t5 sees us$ = a seat 9 ! native villages4 ,! log revolv$1 & ! man fell heavily on ! gr\nd4 ,yet ! :ole meet+ look$ z grave z if ! accid5t _h be5 "p ( ! programme4 ,_! ang] ?\gh sometimes viol5t1 soon exhau/s itself3 b :]e ! passion _c be readily gratifi$1 x may settle into a la/+ enmity4 ,_m p1 especially headm51 w n visit a village two miles di/ant on any acc\nt2 r ?an pass ?r\gh x1 !y w fet* a wide circuit1 & t al?\gh _! *ildr5 & dep5d5ts visit ! place q freely4 ,! negroes are v cruel1 & sometimes take a positive delight 9 inflict+ ! greate/ tortures !y c devise4 ,!y res]ve mu* ( ?is = enemies f :om !y w\ld expect ! same treatm5t !mselves4 ,( _! ,,intellectual p[]s ,i v5ture to speak v highly4 ,i knew a numb] ( boys t came to s*ool at ! ages ( f twelve to fifte51 )\t kn[+ a s+le lett]1 & 9 six weeks1 !y c\ld1 aft] a little consid]ation1 read any ^w 9 _! language4 ,?is !y accompli%$ )\t any unnatural cramm+4 ,!re 7 _m s*ool *ildr5 ^: progress ,i wat*$ ) great int]e/1 & :o1 ,i am c]ta91 if !y _h enjoy$ ! usual tra9+1 c\ld h tak5 no mean place among ! ,cambridge ,wrangl]s4 ,! natives possess great p[]s ( argum5t4 ,?\gh "s are sway$ by feel+ & admit irrelevant matt]1 o!rs /ick well to _! subject1 & soon pull up a debat] t *anges 8 gr\nd4 ,9 public spee*es !y use a /yle m elaborate ?an 9 ord9>y conv]sation4 ,_m ,engli% spee*es are s diff]5t f ord9>y talk1 t to "o :o only kn[s ,engli% conv]sationally1 !y seem to be 9 ano!r language4 ,s native spee*es may be greatly poli%$1 & lose mu* ( ! bluntness ( conv]sation4 ,public speak+ is mu* practis$1 z an important meet+ may la/ = days4 ,_m ( ! speak]s h a tone ( quietness & self-possession t any orator might envy2 o!rs believe 9 l\d words & bold ge/ures4 ,an excit$ native orator pres5ts an appe>ance nev] to be =gott54 ,i h "o be=e my m9d j n[4 ,he /&s ne> an ant-hill1 & at ! close ( ea* /irr+ s5t5ce1 he makes a wild ru% to ! top4 8,are we all to be kill$10 he cries1 8by ,*ekakamila80 ,hav+ said ?is1 he runs up ! hillock4 ,com+ back he confronts 8 audi5ce & resumes at ! pit* ( 8 voice1 8,is he to come & cat* our wives & *ildr58 ,we'll g & kill him6 ,we'll g & eat him60 ,! orator aga9 runs up ! ant-hill4 ,he cont9ues 9 ! same /ra9 till 8 he>]s also beg9 to ru% ab\t & br&i% _! weapons 9 frantic excitem5t4 ,natives h ! bump ( locality4 ,i once lo/ my way :5 ab\t n9e miles di/ant f any dwell+4 ,i 0 accompani$ by a little boy1 :o foll[$ :]ev] ,i l$4 ,aft] w&]+ = "s "t1 ,i sat d[n 9 despair1 unable to tell ! direction ,i want$4 ,i ask$ ! boy :e!r he knew ! way1 & to my great surprise he said he did4 ,advanc+ to a small knoll1 ! little fell[ caught a glimpse ( a di/ant m\nta94 ,he look$ at x c>efully = a few mom5ts1 & !n m>*$ (f ) confid5ce4 ,= m ?an an h\r ,i foll[$ 9 great anxiety1 fe>+ t he might be 9 ! wrong direction4 ,b :5ev] we escap$ f ! d5s] p>ts ( ! jungle1 he /opp$ to gaze int5tly at "s hill4 ,?is gave me confid5ce1 & :5 at la/ ,i f\nd myself on a native pa?1 ,i c\ld n suffici5tly admire my y\?ful guide4 ,we (t5 he> ! expression 8,i don't believe 9 a nigg]04 ,x is common to ass]t t negroes h no r$eem+ quality4 ,b mu* ( ?is sev]e criticism spr+s f prejudice4 ,! ,african is physically sup]ior to mo/ ( ! ,indians t we see along ! ,mozambique coa/1 & ,i am mat]iali/ en\gh to haz>d ! op9ion t ?is sup]iority w 8mean some?+0 9 ! long run4 ,z x is1 ^! ,africans are n m]e animals compos$ ( gre$ & selfi%ness4 ,!y (t5 %ew great brav]y & devot$ness4 ,i c po9t to "o man :o sav$ my life on ?ree sep>ate occasions at ! risk ( 8 own4 ,e "o t tries to und]/& ^! negroes1 w ackn[l$ge t ! bett] natives h 9 _! brea/s all ! qualities t con/itute ! h]o1 & only want fav\rable circum/ances = _! developm5t4 ,b ?is is a great want4 ,no d\bt !re are 9 ,africa1 natural diff]5ces bo? among individuals & among tribes4 ,mr4 ,r[ley says1 8,comp>e an ord9>y ,yao ) an ord9>y ,anyasa1 & ! =m] is at once se5 to be physically sup]ior04 8,a phr5ologi/ w\ld say1 t firmness & self-e/eem pr$om9at$1 b t caution :i* prevails to a de=mity among ! ,anyasa 0 b>ely evid5c$40 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ! ,yao ( ! hills1 & ! ,anyasa ( ! pla9s is s v great1 t ,i c\ld g5]ally tell a man's tribe by 8 appe>ance4 ,b admitt+ natural diff]5ces to ! fulle/ ext5t1 we _c ignore ! effect produc$ on ! natives by _! circum/ances & cu/oms4 ,! in/itution ( slav]y is demoralis+ 9 ! extreme4 ,! ma/] is a cruel tyrant1 ! slave is a ?ief1 a li>1 & a mis]able c[>d4 ,! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry has also a deplorable influ5ce4 ,:]e x is weak1 x gives ! p no protection1 :]e x is /rong1 x preys ^u !m4 ,!re is no?+ to keep ! headman ( a village f robb+ 8 p1 & _m a bitt] compla9t h ,i he>d on ! subject4 ,speke has "s in/ructive obs]vations on ! ,african4 8,he works 8 wife1 sells 8 *ildr51 enslaves all he c lay h&s on1 &1 unless :5 fight+ = ! prop]ty ( o!rs1 cont5ts himself ) dr9k+1 s++1 & danc+4 ,!y /ore up no?+ beyond ! necessities ( next season1 le/ _! *iefs or neighb\rs %\ld covet & take x f !m40 ,he adds1 8,if "s gov]nm5t c\ld be =m$ = !m1 l ours 9 ,india1 !y w\ld be sav$1 b )\t x1 ,i fe> !re is little *ance4 ,= at pres5t ! ,african c nei!r help himself1 nor be help$ by o!rs1 because 8 c\ntry is 9 su* a con/ant /ate ( turmoil40 ,ow+ to ! unsettl$ /ate ( _! l&1 !y are victims ( fe>4 ,! m5 nev] g un>m$1 ! wom5 & *ildr5 nev] v5ture f> f home )\t a gu>d4 ,a great proportion ( _! villages are built f> up ! m\nta9s1 = security aga9/ _! neighb\rs4 ,hobbes says t m5 are naturally di/ru/ful ( _! fell[s--witness ! b>r+ ( doors at night4 ,su* di/ru/ is great] "h1 & well x may4 ,x is n t !y fe> = _! prop]ty2 t is too small to des]ve anxiety6 ,!y fe> = de> life--?\gh !y lie d[n quietly at night1 !y may awake to receive a mortal w\nd1 & see _! wives & *ildr5 c>ri$ into slav]y4 ,"o 9 ?is c\ntry f9ds a mean+ 9 pray]s = protection1 t he does n realise 9 a civilis$ l&4 ,^! circum/ances ( ! native develop also a peculi> k9d ( pati5ce & s]vility4 ,he looks on inju/ice & h>d treatm5t z some?+ to be expect$ at e /ep4 ,sup]/ition also has a dismal influ5ce4 ,?r\gh\t 8 :ole life ! native is haunt$ by ! dread ( be+ bewit*$4 ,z he gr[s old] ! %ad[s become d>k]--he has n[ escap$ 8! evil eye0 s long1 t he is judg$ guilty ( wit*craft himself1 & ! few la/ days ( 8 life are made unspeakably bitt]4 ,:at a dreadful cry comes f ! old m5 or wom5 t are convict$ by ! wit*-detective6 ,=sak5 by fri5ds1 dis[n$ by relatives2 & dete/$ by ! :ole community1 !y appeal ) confid5ce to ! poison4 ,oh6 h[ mu/ ! iron fett]s ( sup]/ition cru% ! v s\l1 :5 ! victim f9ds recov]y hopeless1 & kn[s t 9 a few h\rs 8 di%on\r$ body w be ca/ =? to ! vultures1 & t 8 "n w g d[n to po/]ity cov]$ ) infamy4 ,illu/ration3 ,,musical ,,in/rum5t 7,,) ,,iron ,,keys74 ,! musical ta/es ( ! natives may "h be allud$ to4 ,_m villages h 9 ! =um a l>ge piano ) wood5 keys1 :ile m5 (t5 c>ry a small] in/rum5t ) iron keys4 ,! native musical scale is n ! same z ours1 & al?\gh !re is a c]ta9 me?od ab\t ! in/rum5ts1 x is r>e to f9d two ( !m tun$ exactly ! same way4 ,o!r traits ( native "* w appe> :5 we describe our life among !m4 ,z a ,mission>y ) ! ,bible 9 8 h& looks on ! natives1 he s]i\sly pond]s h[ ! tru? c1 humanly speak+1 be mo/ readily comm5d$ to !m4 ,8 fir/ aim mu/ be to rea* _! intellects4 ,!y /& be=e him z a p t are entirely unbeliev]s1 & :o _c be blam$ = be+ s4 ,h[ %all !y believe )\t a prea*]8 ,x is well :5 !y /ate pla9ly t !y disbelieve & po9t out _! reasons1 b alas6 !y (t5 ass5t to ev]y?+ f m]e polit5ess4 ,/ill1 !y are well able to appreciate ! n>rative p>ts ( ! ,scriptures4 ,p]sons fond ( doctr9e 9 its pure/ =m ?9k t ! tales ( ,joseph & 8 bre?r51 ( ,saul & ,david1 are s mu* pack+ 9 ! sacr$ volume1 b on com+ into contact ) ! /rong unsophi/icat$ intellect ( ! savage1 "o becomes alive to ! sublimity & p[] ( ?is "p ( ,scripture4 ,^! natives readily und]/& ! ,old ,te/am5t2 famili> z !y are ) a /ate ( civilisation1 :]e a 8y\ng] bro!r0 may be sold l ,joseph1 :]e a *ief 7l ,saul7 hunts a rival among m\nta9s & caves1 & :]e a headman ?9ks no?+ ( divid+ a *ild to settle a dispute4 ,a p]son 9 ,brita9 ?9ks x almo/ incr$ible t a k+ c\ld break promises l ,ph>oah2 b to ! subjects ( an ,african *ief1 ! n>rative ( ?is is ! m]e/ commonplace1 :ile !y feel t su* falsehood 9 ! pr9ce w\ld r call =? ! applause ( 8 p s long z x seem$ to be 9 _! int]e/4 ,our pupils _h (t5 to write ab\t ^! ,scripture subjects 9 _! own words4 ,:5 !y wrote on ,engli% affairs _! rem>ks 7 extremely ludicr\s2 b by read+ _! ,bible !mes ,i h b5efit$ z mu* z by /udy+ a comm5t>y4 ,aga91 !y c und]/& & appreciate p>ables4 ,!y are all famili> ) ?is species ( lit]ature1 s9ce _m ( _! own tales h d\ble mean+s4 ,! natives ( c\rse hold no !ory ( ! univ]se t excludes miracles4 ,9 _! own tales !y h ! miracul\s & look = "s tea*+ 9 connection ) x1 a habit :i* !y may be taught to c>ry ) !m 9 us+ ! ,scripture records4 ,9 my fir/ ef=t at translat+ ,jonah1 my little tutor ?\ght !re 0 "s mi/ake & *ang$ my propos$ v]sion4 ,he felt x w\ld be m natural = ,jonah to 8swall[ ! fi%04 ,b x 0 a 8great fi%60 ,/ill ! same answ] came4 8,no1 a v great fi% l a crocodile40 ,! d>k c\nt5ance turn$ fully r\nd ^u me1 & ! %>p eyes reg>d$ me ) a /range quiet />e4 ,he approv$ ( my orig9al r5d]+1 & wond]$ :at ,i w\ld v5ture on next4 ,p]haps he ?\ght ,i 0 8f> gone0 or p]haps ,i _h come ne> some?+ he _h he>d be=e4 ,!y h !mselves a /ory ( a man t 0 caught by a crocodile & effect$ 8 escape :ile laid pa/ till ! crocodile %\ld be hungry4 ,_! lit]ature also conta9s "s /ories reg>d+ ! division ( ! wat]s ( a riv] or lake1 :ile "o tale w\ld pass = an acc\nt ( ,je?ro's int]view ) ,moses4 ,! ,africans h a lik+ = ontological speculation4 ,be+ ill "o day1 ,i ask$ "o ( our be/ /ud5ts to speak to ! p1 :51 to my utt] disappo9tm5t1 he da%$ into an explanation ( 8?ree p]sons 9 "o ,god02 b :at surpris$ me mo/ ( all 0 t ! p li/5$ to him ) ! greate/ att5tion4 ,i felt t !re 0 "h ! work+1 ( a mode ( ?\ght t ! ,we/]n m9d has seldom sympa?is$ )4 ,! discussion seem$ to h su* a practical int]e/ to !m t ,i c\ld n b ?9k ( ! but*]s ( ,alex&ria1 :o1 dur+ ! e>ly ,*ur* controv]sy1 :5 ask$ ! price ( mutton1 w\ld make "s rem>k ab\t ,tr9ity 9 ,unity4 ,little did ! lectur] "k :at an am\nt ( ?\ght _h be5 be/[$ on ?is subject1 & yet he %[$ he _h be5 ?9k+ himself1 = e /atem5t he made _h evid5tly pass$ ?r\gh ! crucible ( 8 own m9d4 ,our old] pupils =m$ ! habit ( ask+ me ab\t ev]y?+ 9 ! ,bible t !y did n und]/&1 & ,i h wat*$ !m ) brea?less int]e/ z !y read passages be>+ on 8,free-,w04 ,b !y 7 nev] 8pull$ up0 by ?is subject1 al?\gh ,i fanci$ t "o boy came v ne> ! difficulty4 ,!y w\ld d\btless hold t ,god c\ld =esee1 mu* z a wise man c4 ,x 0 a subject :]e to !m 8ignorance 0 bliss10 & ,i c\ld n be s cruel z to sugge/ ! difficulties t encompass ?is ant9omy 7z ,kant calls x74 ,/ill1 x might n h be5 su* a puzzle to ^! "y lads1 z !y _h n liv$ 9 a c\ntry :]e w is evok$ 9 a /ruggle ) ! elem5ts4 ,aga91 :]e ! va/ majority are entirely at ! disposal ( gu>dians or slave-ma/]s1 a species ( resign$ fatalism is apt to be develop$4 ,once :5 translat+ ! s]mon on ! m\nt1 8,be n anxi\s = to-morr[2 suffici5t = ! day is ! evil !re(10 ,i 0 admoni%$1 8,don't tell !m t2 _! s9 lies ! opposite way4 ,!y nev] ?9k ( to-morr[ at all60 ,su* is ! fact1 ^! creatures ( ,god h little or no anxiety4 ,l ! bird ( ! air & ! bea/ ( ! =e/1 !y 8believe & live04 ,,end ,,( ,,vol4 ,i4 ,,app5dix4 ,,native ,,tales ,,lit]ally ,,translat$4 ,,app5dix4 #a4 ,,p4 ,p came f kapilimtiya an un/eady 7s(t7 /one#af4 ,!re came =? two1 a man & a woman1 & !y m>ri$ & _h *ildr54 ,!n !re 0 se5 ano!r man :o 0 sick1 be+ a lep]1 :o _h come f kapilimtiya4 ,! sick man s5t ! woman to draw wat]1 !n he op5$ a bag & took out maize & millet4 ,on ?is e>? !re 0 no grass1#ag & he said1 8,y two may sleep 9 a cave04 ,! sick man di$1 & ! o!r man put an (f]+ on ! gr\nd#ah say+1 8,y h left u "h1 n[ give u grass04 ,s grass grew & trees2 & 8 *ildr5 grew & _h *ildr52 h5ce ! tribe ( ! ,yao4 #b4 ,,! ,,sun4 ,x came to pass t two m5 w5t to ! hunt+-field & arriv$ at a cave4 ,"o said1 8,"h is heat60 ,! o!r said1 8,is ?is fire80 ,he said1 8,i don't "k1 come & help me to se>*04 ,!y began to se>* 9 ! cave4 ,"o pe]$ & saw ! sun#ai 9 ! cave4 ,!n he said1 8,look6 look60 8 companion said1 8,come1 let u run away04 ,! o!r said1 8,i w look10 & he w5t into ! cave & put away a /one1 !n ! sun burn$ him & he di$4 ,8 companion said1 8,please1 please1 don't burn me0 7by ?is "t ! grass 0 on fire74 ,! /one be+ ?us remov$1 ! sun w5t on high4 #c4 ,,! ,,moon4 ,out "h !re liv$ ,ma*el5ga1 & he said1 8,i want a firefly to make a lamp (04 ,a great man said1 8,come1 ,i'll %ew y a good fire04 ,& he said1 8,x is a good fire ?is0--x 0 j ! moon4 ,!n he took ! moon & put x 9 a pot4 ,& he said1 8,my *ildr51 don't take (f ! cov] ( ?is1 x conta9s my fire4 ,i g to ! g>d540#bj ,s he w5t to ! g>d54 ,! *ildr5 !n w5t to fet* ! fire1 !n !re 0 light ) a brightness6 ,& he said1 8,my fire has come out1 !y h br\ght x out ( ! pot03 & he said to !m1 8,my *ildr51 :]e is ! fire80 ,& !y said1 8,we--no04#ba ,& he said1 8,don't m$dle ) ! place :]e ,i h put my fire04 ,& !y said1 8,we und]/&04 ,ano!r day he said1 8,good-bye1#bb let me g d[n to ! g>d510 & he /aid = ! night at ! g>d54#bc ,"o ( ! *ildr5 !n took ! moon1 :i* burn$ him1 & flew away to settle "r on ! top ( ! hill4#bd ,! fa!r awoke & look$ out & said1 8,outside !re is light10 & he ran & said1 8,b n[1 see6 is n my fire gone8 ,seek ladd]s1 take x !nce40 ,s !y climb$ ! m\nta92 ?\gh !y tri$ ?us to g to fet* x !y fail$4 ,! *ild fell d[n a precipice4 ,! fa!r next tri$ to climb1 !n ! moon flew1 go+ up to ! cl\ds1 & he said1 8,n[ x is gone1 x is settl$ 9 ! cl\ds4 ,n[ my enemies w see q well1 because y h tak5 out my fire40 ,8 wife said1 8,y\r moon has kill$ my *ild = me2 ,i d n want to see ! moon04 ,%e w5t to ano!r c\ntry1 %e look$ on high & ! moon 0 /ill !re1 & %e 0 we>y & said1 8,dig a pit = me10 & !y dug a pit4 ,!n ! woman w5t 9 & ! man cov]$ x ov]4 ,! woman di$ 9 ! pit4 ,yond] moon 0 ! fire ( ,ma*el5ga4#be #d4 ,,/>s4 ,x came to pass t ! *ildr5 ( ,mkwilima#be said1 8,we w g to play10 & !y arriv$ at ! s&s1 & f\nd _m /ones1 & !y ?rew !m at ea* o!r4 ,_! fa!r said1 8,my *ildr51 d n /rike ea* o!r1 /ones w pa9 y04 ,!n a /one 0 ?r[n1 & "o *ild 0 /ruck on ! head & fell2 & ! /one ran away & leapt =? & became fix$ on high4 ,p look$1 & behold6 ! /one 0 visible1 & ,mkwilima said1 8,my *ildr51 !re ,i told y1 behold ! /one t kill$ y\r companion1 behold6 n[ x is on high04 ,:5 ! ra9 fell p>ticles ( x kept float+ fill+ ! heav5s ev]y:]e4#bf #e4 #bg;,,cl\ds4 ,mwangalika s5t 8 son1 & said1 8,9 ?is c\ntry !re is sun n[4 ,please1 please g & burn ) fire40 ,!n ! fire smok$1 & ,mwangalika said1 8,n[ ,i want ! smoke to be cl\ds1 t my *ildr5 may /ay 9 ! %ade20 !n x w5t on high4 #f4 #bg,,w9d4 ,a great man _h a daught]1 & %e said1 8,fa!r1 9 ?is c\ntry ,i am hot1 ,i sweat04 ,!n h] fa!r said1 8,come "h1 my *ild1 ,i h pity1 ,i w bl[ ) my brea?10 s he blew1 & !nce came w9d4 #g4 ,,ra9 ,,or ,,lightn+4 ,! lightn+ 7ra91 ula7#bh fla%$ & kill$ a man1 !n x ran on high1 & !y said1 8,please1 please1 ra9 b y h kill$ p04 ,! ra9 said1 8,n[ ,i am sorry1 ,i h done wrong1 b ,i want to s5d wat] t y may dr9k at ! m\rn+01 & ! p said1 8,yes1 let u cons5t04 ,! wat] ( ! ra9 !n desc5d$4 #h4 ,,! ,,b[ ,,( ,,! ,,lightn+4 ,! b[ ( ! lightn+ came f on high & /ruck a hill1 !n came ,mtanga1 & said1 8,my b[ = kill+ meat04 ,! *ief at t l& said1 8,let u see y kill+04 ,he pick$ up an arr[1 ?rew on high & kill$ f\r />s1 & said1 8,i h kill$ ?is meat1 let me give y to eat04 ,he said1 8,give me t ,i may look at x04 ,he receiv$ x & look$1 & !re 0 j a fla%-fla%+4 ,he said1 8,! meat ( my %oot+ y _c eat4 ,t comes f on high4 ,b wat* :at ,i %all d 9 ! eat+ ( x40 ,he boil$ wat]1 & fill$ a great pot1 & pick$ up ! />s & put !m 9 ! pot & /irr$ !m1 & !n !y actually f\nd cook$ fle%4 ,he said1 8,ta/e x n[03 :5 he ate x he f\nd x sweet l honey4 ,he said1 8,l5d me1 fri5d1 ! b[ t ,i may %oot02 b he 0 kill$ by 8 %oot+4 ,mtanga 7#ab7 !n said1 8,my b[ is dreadful04 ,:5 ,mtanga w5t away1 x 0 n se5 :]e he w5t1 & he put up 8 b[ on high4 #i4 ,,m\nta9s ,,& ,,riv]s4 ,mtanga came to ! ,yao c\ntry1 & he said1 8,?is c\ntry is bad because x is )\t a hill04 ,! inhabitants said1 8,:at w y d80 & he said1 8,i w press out m\nta9s04 ,!y said1 8,h[ w y press !m out80 ,he said1 8,i w press !m out at night04 ,!y said1 8,come1 let u sleep 9 ! h\ses04 ,at night !n pass$ ,mtanga1 & came to make a m\nta9 spr+ =?4 ,!n he took away 8 leg :5 he _h press$ out "o m\nta91 & w5t & press$ out ano!r4 ,9 ! morn+ :5 p arose1 !y f\nd t m\nta9s 7 /&+ =? 79 "o place a m\nta9 sprung up1 9 ano!r place a m\nta9 sprung up74 ,he said1 8,:5 y ?\ght ( me1 y suppos$ ,i told a lie4 ,i am f #8,god1'#bi ,*it[e s5t me4 ,?is c\ntry ,i h n[ made "r40 ,he !n said1 8,i w n[ press =? wat]1 let u dig a riv]10 !n he br\ght d[n ra91 & ! wat] fl[$ 9 ! riv]4 ,9 ! beg9n+#cj ?is c\ntry 0 all a pla91 & ,mtanga put x "r3 !re 0 no wat] & he press$ x =?4 #aj4 ,,cook+ ,,pots ,,& ,,mort>s4 ,long ago #8,god' said1 8,my *ildr51 ,i gave y food04 ,he gave !m also a piece ( iron#ca ore4 ,!n he said1 8,draw wat]1 boil x on ! fire04 ,!n he said1 8,?is is a cook+ pot04 ,! iron ore 0 lo/1 & #8,god' s5t ,namawel5ga1 & he said1 8,n[ ,i want to dig clay10 & !y manufactur$ cook+-pots4 ,p us$ to roa/ 7_! corn71 & !re came a woman & %e br\ght a %ort piece ( wood4 ,%e said1 8,i am hungry1 ,i want porridge04 ,!y refus$ at ! village1 say+1 8,at our home1 no2 !re is no porridge04 ,%e said1 8,!re is maize04 ,!y said1 8,we h mu* maize04 ,!n %e br\ght out h] small re$ & said1 8,give me maize02 & %e put x 9 h] 7piece (7 wood & set to p\nd+4 ,:5 %e p\nd$ %e said1 8,well1 ?is is call$ a mort>1 n[ p\nd & eat04 #aa4 ,,hoes1 ,,knives ,,& ,,axes4 ,p ho$ ) wood#cb & !re came a c]ta9 man :o said1 8,i h pity1 let me give y ?+s-to-hoe-)04 ,!y said1 8,give u04 ,he said1 8,br+ fire10 & !y br\ght fire1 & he took iron ore & put on ! fire4 ,!y collect$ mu* fire1 & pieces ( ore 7 melt$1 & !y took a /one & beat x1 & x 0 smelt$ to make a hoe4 ,knives & axes came toge!r4 ,p said1 8,we sleep outside10 & !re came a man & gave !m2 he said1 8,) ?is axe cut trees1 take ! knife1 dig d[n1 use x z a pick1 & put 9 y\r po/s04#cc #ab4 ,,baskets4 ,he said1 8,:]e d y put y\r food80 ,!y said1 8,we put x on ! gr\nd10 & he said1 8,b seek = ! mne*e10 7a s(t tree71 & !y s\ght = x & prep>$ x 7!re 7 no bamboos !n74 ,he said1 8,take n[ y\r maize1 put x 9 ! baskets04 ,:5 !y f\nd bamboos !n !y plait$ !m3 !n 7 made ?+s = hold+ _! goods4 #ac4 ,,clo?+4 ,!re 7 "s t did n we> clo!s1 & a c]ta9 man came & /ript (f b>k1 & ! males wore x4 ,!n he produc$ a hamm] f 8 bag1 & said1 8,cut d[n a mjombo tree10 & he /ript x4 ,!n he set to hamm]+1 & beat out ! juice1 & put ! b>k 9 ! sun to dry4 ,!n he took x & said1 8,try to put x on10 & ! females clo!d !mselves4 ,b>k-clo? !n ab\nd$ 9 ?is l&4 #ad4 ,,dea?4 ,?is c\ntry 0 "o :]e p did n die1 & !re came a woman t c\ld n walk4 ,p liv$ )\t sleep1 & ! woman said 8sleep10 & two p]sons slept1 !n %e caught "o by ! no/rils1 & ! o!r cont9u$ to brea!1 & %e said1 8,arise10 ! "o arose & ! o!r di$4 ,%e said1 8,i am sorry1 ,i h done wrong1 ,i caught "o by ! no/rils1 he c n brea!1 n[ m\rn0 7= him74 ,!n ! p m\rn$1 & cont9u$ ?ree days4 ,aft]w>ds !y said1 8,c>ry him away1 dig a grave & bury him10 & !y buri$ him4 ,p !n discov]$ sleep2 dea? & sleep are "o ^w2 !y are ( "o family4 ,! woman t c\ld n walk wr\ght mis*ief4 #ae4 ,,mortality1#cd ,,! ,,*ameleon 7,,nalwii7 ,,& ,,! ,,salam&] 7,,mlalu74 ,! *ameleon 0 s5t to ! graves to say1 8,:5 p die !y may return0 7to _! homes74 ,he w5t (f & 0 pass+ along ! road4 ,aft]w>ds ! salam&] 0 call$ to g to ! graves1 & say1 8,:5 p die !y mu/ n return04 ,! salam&] ran & arriv$ quickly 7:ile ! *ameleon 0 /ill on ! way71 & said1 8,:5 p die !y mu/ n return04 ,next morn+ ! *ameleon appe>$4 ,he said1 8,:5 p die1 !y may return04 ,^? at ! grave said1 8,no1 ! salam&] came & he told u ! tru?04 ,!n he 7! *ameleon7 w5t back to report at ! village 7f :i* he 0 s5t71 & said1 8,! salam&] 0 fir/4 ,he gave ! ord]1 #8,:5 p die !y mu/ n return'40 ,^? at ! village said1 8,h[ silly6 ,y 7 /upid1 ,o *ameleon1 y %\ld h made ha/e40 #af4 ,,(f]+s4 ,a p]son ho$ 8 field 7lit4 food71 & !re came a bl9d man & said1 8,y d n eat y\r corn1 :at prev5ts y80 ,he said1 8,! corn is )\t an (f]+04#ce ,! bl9d man said1 8,i c give ! (f]+04 ,!n he put 8 arm 9 8 bag1 & took out ( x fl\r1 & ! man t ho$ said1 8,d x y\rself1 give an (f]+ t y may see ) y\r eyes04 ,! bl9d man said1 8,please1 please1 ,i want to see1 help me1 ,o "m60 ,!n 8 bl9dness w5t away & he saw4 ,!n ! man t ho$ ! g>d5 said1 8,n[ y are able to see04 ,!n ! f>m] pluck$ five maize cobs1 & said1 8,please1 please1 a bl9d man told me ab\t ! (f]+1 ,i n[ want t my maize may be abundant04 ,s ! ,yao :5 _! *ild dies say1 8,please1 please1 ,i give ?is (f]+ = y :i* a bl9d man gave u02 ! sick !n h heal?4 ,9 ?is way ! ,yao cont9ue 7to exi/74 #ag4 ,,b[s ,,& ,,guns4 ,!re 0 a man ) ?ree *ildr51 "o 0 mad1 & he bit1 & 8 fa!r caught him & put him 9 a slave-/ick4 ,!n he said1 8,fa!r1 ,i want y to cut wood = me10 & he cut ! wood4 ,& he said1 8,fa!r1 n[ ,i want a nail0 7! iron p9 ( ! slave-/ick71 & he br\ght a nail & gave him4 ,9 ! same way he br\ght /rips ( b>k1 & he 7! son7 b5t ! wood ) ! cords4 ,8 fa!r loos$ him & he ran to ! bu% & return$ at night & pi]c$ 8 "m ) ! nail4 ,%e said1 8,my husb&1 my son :om y loos$ has pi]c$ me--pi]c$ me ) a b[0 7some?+ b5t74 ,^! p !n s\ght b[s1 & c>ri$ pieces ( iron1 & s\ght t madman2 b he di$ 9 ! bu%4 ,! p rema9$ ) ! b[4 ,"h !re 7 no guns1 !n came ! p ( ,misiri#cf & gave to a man 7:o liv$7 long ago4 ,! gun came ) ! p ( ,misiri4 #ah4 ,,cannibalism4 ,!re 0 a c]ta9 man1 ,malyaw&u1#cg & an appetite = meat came 7to him71 & 8 wife cook$ porridge ) vegetables = a reli%4 ,he said1 8,no1 ,i don't want to eat vegetables04 ,s %e kill$ a f[l = him1 b he refus$ & said1 8,look = a knife = me10 & he cut himself on ! leg & roa/$ = himself on ! fire4 ,& %e said1 8,my husb& eat+ ?is meat alone60#ch ,he said1 8,delici\s meat04 ,! man !n di$ ( t w\nd4 ,& ! woman said1 8,i w look at ! fle% ( my husb&1 ,i w eat x04 ,h] *ildr5 said1 8,"m eat+ fa!r60 & %e said1 8,come6 ta/e04 ,"o *ild receiv$ x & ate1 & said1 8,give me m04 ,x told its fri5ds t human fle% 0 delici\s4 ,!n !y began to kill ea* o!r4 ,at pres5t !y say1 8,we mu/ n eat p04 ,^? t eat p are cannibals 7 #ajf1 #ajg74 #ai4 ,,m$ic9e4 ,a c]ta9 man 0 sick2 he said1 8,i %all dig up moles04 ,!n he f\nd a root :i* 0 9 a hole1 he /ruck x ) ! hoe1 & took x away f ! tree & plac$ x s4#ci ,!n he kill$ two moles1 & ano!r mole ran away4 ,!n ! sick man sat d[n !re to look1 & x return$ & c>ri$ ! root & *ew$ x & spat on ! o!r moles t 7 dead & !y got life4 ,! sick man !n said1 8,is ?is m$ic9e8 ,^? dead moles h ris5 aga940 ,! mole said1 8,?is is m$ic9e1 d y take x :5 y are sick1 *ew x t y may h heal?04 ,!n he w5t away to ! village & *ew$ x & _h heal?4 ,!n o!rs said1 8,give y\r fri5ds t !y may h heal?04 ,!n m$ic9e ab\nd$ 9 ?is l&4 #bj4 ,,fleas4 ,p di$ & w5t to ! graves & became #8,it[e1' & #8,god' came & said1 8,y ,it[e come all "h10 & !y came all r\nd4 ,!n he gave !m little bags1 & said1 8,y g abroad ) ^! & give p04 ,!y all receiv$ !m4 ,"s _h a bag ( fleas1 & o!rs ( se$s1 c41 c4 ,:5 !y came abroad "h !n p refus$ ! bag ( fleas1 b want$ ! bag ( se$s4 ,s !y gave ! se$s & return$1 b on ! way !y op5$ ! o!r bags & ?rew ! fleas away4 #ba4 ,,fi%es4 ,!re 0 a woman1 & %e took b>k-clo? & tore (f a long /rip & put on z a lo9-clo?1 & said1 8,n[ let u g to ! /ream & ba!04 7,9 ! wat]s !re 7 no fi%es47 ,! woman _h unti$ h] lo9-clo?1 & %e said1 8,give me my lo9-clo? to wa%04 ,z %e 0 wa%+ x ! wat] took ! lo9-clo? f h]1 & %e said1 8,my companions1 my lo9-clo? is lo/04 ,h] companions said1 8,sit d[n1 let u g to seek x1 t y may we> y\r clo!s04 ,! woman !n sat at ! wat] nak$2 !n %e saw x com+1 x hav+ become a fi%4 ,& %e said1 8,i h se5 wond]ful ?+s2 ,i saw my lo9-clo? l an animal04 ,!n !y took x1 & saw t x 0 a fi%1 & !y took a knife & op5$ x at ! brea/4 ,!n !y f\nd inside ! eggs ( fi% 7nat4 idiom71 & ?rew !m into ! wat]1 & !y br\ght =? _m fi%es4 #bb4 ,,birds4 ,!re 0 a man t _h two *ildr51 & !y said1 8,we want a b[04 ,_! fa!r made !m a b[4 ,& he said1 8,don't g ?r[+ at ea* o!r04 ,"o /ood l ?is1 & took a grass w&1 ?rew x at 8 companion1 & /ruck him 9 ! eyes1 & he di$4 ,8 fa!r !n ran1 8,my son1 y h kill$ y\r bro!r02 & he took ! grass1 & x said1 8,y\r son ?rew me2 ,i h kill$ a man4 ,n[ ,i don't want to /ay "h bel[10 & x flew & light$ on a tree1 & became a bird4 ,& ?is is ! orig9 ( birds4 #bc4 ,,elephants4 ,! elephants liv$ along ) m51 & ! *ildr5 took !m out to eat grass 9 ! pla94 ,!n an elephant kill$ "o *ild1 & ano!r ran say+1 8,fa!r1 fa!r1 an elephant has kill$ my companion04 ,8 fa!r said1 8,well1 ,i want to g & kill x04 ,& he c>ri$ 8 b[ & arr[s & w5t to %oot x1 & he %ot x1 & x di$4 ,! o!rs !n ran away1 say+1 8,we h done wrong2 n[ our ma/] is kill+ u04 ,s !y ran away to ! bu%1 & p kept enc\nt]+ !m & %oot+ !m1 say+1 8,y kill$ a p]son at ! village04 ,h5ce !re 0 enmity aga9/ !m4 #bd4 ,,lions4 ,! lion 0 a cat dwell+ ) p4 ,!n x sprung to cat* a f[l ,! next day x sprang to scrat* ! baby4 ,!n its ma/] said1 8,i w kill y10 s x ran away to ! bu%4 ,:]eupon x 0 at enmity ) p4 #be4 ,,! ,,s]p5t4 ,!re 0 a man t ho$ a g>d5 & plant$ cassava1 & took b>k-clo? & twi/$1 & took ?orns & put ?r\gh ?is b>k-clo?1 & said1 8,b>k-clo?1 ,i place y 9 my g>d52 bite ^? t come to /eal04 ,s he w5t to hang ! b>k-clo?#dj 9 8 g>d54 ,!n came a ?ief & took hold ( a cassava plant1 & ! ?orns pi]c$ him1 & t lad said1 8,w>04 ,x said1 8,my ma/] left me 9 ! g>d51 say+1 #8,if p /eal cassava1 bite !m'40 ,! p]son di$4 ,!n came ! man & said1 8,b>k-clo?1 y h bitt5 a lad2 y h a bad he>t04 ,!n x w5t away 9 ! bu%1 & :5 x saw p x bit !m4 ,h5ce came ! s]p5t4 #bf4 ,,baboons4#da ,a woman b>e ?ree *ildr51 b ! *ildr5 /ole f ! own] ( ! c\ntry1 & he kill$ two4 ,!n ! woman ran away1 & ! o!r *ild w5t away4 ,h] fri5ds said1 8,cut y\r hair04#db ,%e said1 8,no1 ! *ief kill$ my *ildr504 ,& %e said on see+ ! maize ( o!rs1 8,t maize is ours04 ,on h] runn+ away hair grew on all h] body4 ,t fur ( ! baboons 0 ! hair ( ! head1 ^? legs 7 arms4 #bg4 ,,o!r ,,acc\nts4 ,"s tell "o way1 o!rs ano!r way--tell+ & tell+4 ,heav5ly ,bodies4--#8,god' made ! />s & ! moon & ! sun likewise4 ,all ?+s 9 ?is _w 7 made by #8,god'4 ,! sun gave way to fi]c5ess1 & said1 8,let me %9e & de/roy p04 ,god refus$1 & took ra9 & cool$ d[n ! sun4 ,w9d4--#8,god' plac$ a sp9n+-top on ! summit ( a m\nta91 h5ce ! w9d4 ,ra94--,p :o di$ became #8,god1' & !y said1 8,come1 let u give our *ildr5 ra904 ,o!rs refus$1 & said1 8,come1 let u make pots & fill !m ) wat]04 ,& !y said1 8,come1 let u break ano!r pot2 let u give our *ildr5 ra904#dc ,animals4--,at fir/ ! lion 0 a man2 a man di$ & became a lion4 ,s ( ! elephant4 #bh4 ,,ano!r ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,man4 ,at fir/ !re 7 n p b #8,god' & bea/s4 ,!re 0 a ,*ameleon1 & he wove 8 fi%-trap2 :5 he _h wov5 x1 he w5t to sn>e 9 ! riv]4 ,! day aft] he w5t to take x out1 & he f\nd fi%es !re94 ,he took 8 fi%es to ! village to eat !m4 ,aga9 9 ! morn+ he w5t e>ly & f\nd t ott]s _h ent]$ ! trap & eat5 ! fi%es1 & he said3 8,to-day ,i h bad luck4 ,i j f\nd t ! ott]s _h eat5 my fi%es4 ,i d n "k :e!r to-morr[ ,i %all f9d !y h eat5 !m aga940 ,!n he dep>t$ to ! village1 empty1 )\t fi%es1 & he w5t to sleep4 ,:5 x 0 dawn1 he w5t e>ly aga91 & f\nd man1 male & female1 ent]$ into ! trap4 ,he said1 8,to-day h ent]$ ?+s t are unkn[n4 ,i wond] :e!r ,i %\ld take !m40 ,mlungu 7#8,god'7 0 /ay+ d[n "h1 be=e he w5t away to heav54 ,& he said1 8,fa!r1 behold :at ,i h br\ght to-day04 ,& ,he 7#8,god'7 said1 8,place !m !re1 !y w gr[04 ,man !n grew1 bo? male & female4 ,b 8 fa!r said1 8,ga!r ! p toge!r1 & call y\r ma/]04 #8,god' 0 call$1 & he came & said1 8,n[1 ,*ameleon1 :]e h y br\ght ^! f80 ,he said1 8,b !y ent]$ my trap04 ,!n ,mlungu said1 8,wait till ,i call my p10 & he w5t call+ all ! bea/s ( ! e>? & all ! birds4 ,!y assembl$4 ,:5 !y came1 _! ,ma/] said1 8,we h call$ y = ^? curi\s be+s t ! ,*ameleon w5t to br+ 9 8 trap04 ,all ! bea/s said1 8,we h he>d04 7,!y _h n a ^w to say47 8,n[ let u g to our home40 ,s ! bea/s all w5t to _! homes4 ,& ,mlungu said1 8,n[ good-bye1 let me g home04 ,! day aft] !y actually saw ^! p 7! new creatures7 mak+ fire#dd 7by friction74 ,:5 !y made fire1 !y set x a blaz+1 & f\nd a buffalo & kill$ & roa/$ x on ! fire1 & x 0 cook$4 ,& !y kept eat+ all ! bea/s 9 ?is way4 ,aga9 ,mlungu came1 say+1 8,*ameleon1 ,i told y t y introduc$ puzzl+ be+s on ! e>? "h4 ,see n[ my p are f9i%$4 ,n[ h[ %all ,i act80 ,!y actually saw ! bu% at _! v]&ah burn+ ) fire4 ,n[ ! ,*ameleon ran away1 & ,mlungu ran away4 ,! ,*ameleon ran = a tree4 ,mlungu 0 on ! gr\nd1 & he said1 8,i _c climb a tree04 ,!n ,mlungu set (f & w5t to call ! spid]4 ,! spid] w5t on high & return$ aga91 & said1 8,i h gone on high nicely10 & he said1 8y n[1 ,mlungu1 g on high04 ,mlungu !n w5t ) ! spid] on high4 ,& he said1 8,:5 !y die1 let !m come on high "h04 7,on ?is1 ! lightn+ :5 x came d[n de/roy$ a tree because ! ,*ameleon ran to a tree47 ,& behold1 m5 on dy+ g on high 9 ord] to be slaves ( #8,god1' ! reason be+ t !y ate 8 p "h bel[4#de #bi4 ,,ntembe1 ,,! ,,bro!r ,,( ,,! 8,,_s04 ,ntembe came to ! my/]ies2 & p said1 8,a great "o has come1 let u g to see him04 ,!y f\nd him sitt+ on a /one & he said1 8,h ^! p come0--7he spoke ?r\gh 8 nose s74 ,!y said1 8,yes1 we ?\ght we %\ld g & see ! great ,ntembe ! own] ( ?is l&04 ,he said1 8,y are welcome1 ,i h come myself1 ,i h come to tea* ! my/]ies04 ,!n came a s]p5t & he twi/$ x r\nd 8 head1 & :5 p pass$ !y 7 bitt5 & di$4 ,& p compla9$ say+1 8,! s]p5t w de/roy u all04 #8,god' came say+1 8,y h a bad he>t1 y are kill+ 7my7 *ildr504 ,he said1 8,take !m away & dwell ) !m1 ,i ,ntembe am "h04 #8,god' !n took ! *ildr5 & w5t on high ) !m1 & !y 7 happy4 ,ntembe !n became a m\nta94#df #cj4 ,,! ,,?ree ,,wom54 ,!re 7 ?ree ,wom5 ) _! *ildr51 & !y w5t to ! wat]4 ,:5 !y rea*$ x1 "o ( !m 0 *eat$ by h] companions :o said1 8,?r[ y\r *ild into ! wat]1 we h ?r[n our *ildr5 into ! wat]04 ,b !y _h hidd5 _! *ildr5 "u a tree4 ,s _! companion ?rew h] *ild into ! wat]1 & a crocodile swall[$ x 7b did n kill x74 ,!n h] companions began to laugh at h] & said1 8,y h ?r[n y\r *ild into ! wat]6 ,we 7 only *eat+ y40 ,!n %e wept & said1 8,:y did y *eat me80 ,h] companions w5t to ! village to tell h] "m1 & said1 8,y\r daught] has ?r[n h] *ild into ! wat]04 ,:5 h] "m he>d !m %e said1 8,c x be true60 ,h] companions said1 8,yes04 ,s h] "m wept 9 great sorr[4 ,b h] daught] climb$ a tree & said1 8,i want to g on high10 & ! tree grew mu* & rea*$ upw>ds4 ,%e met _m leop>ds & !y ask$ ! girl & said1 8,:]e are y go+08 ,! girl said1 8,i want my *ild2 my companions *eat$ me & said1 #8,?r[ y\r *ild into ! wat]4 ,we ?rew ours into ! wat]4'0 ,! leop>ds said1 8,inde$60 & !y %[$ h] ! way1 say+1 8,y w come to ! ,ns5zi :o w %[ y ! way aga904 ,s ! girl w5t on & met ! ,ns5zi & !y ask$1 8,girl1 :]e are y go+08 ,! girl repli$1 8,i want my *ild1 my companions *eat$ me say+1 #8,?r[ y\r *ild 9 ! wat]'04 ,!n ! ,ns5zi %[$ h] ! way & said1 8,g1 !re y w meet ! ,mazomba0 7l>ge fi%es874 ,! ,mazomba said1 8,:at d y want1 my girl04 ,! girl said1 8,i want 7to "k7 ! way04 ,! ,mazomba said1 8,:]e to08 ,! girl said1 8,! way to ,mlungu 7,god704 ,! ,mazomba said1 8,well1 be /rong 9 y\r he>t04 ,! girl said1 8,yes1 ,ma/]s1 ,i und]/&04 ,!n %e came to ! village ( ,mulungu & ,mulungu ask$ ! girl1 8,:at d y want08 ,! girl said1 8,ma/]6 ,i want my *ild4 ,my comrades *eat$ me say+1 #8,?r[ y\r *ild into ! wat]1' ,i ?rew x 91 & a crocodile swall[$ x04 ,!n ,mulungu call$ ! crocodile & ! crocodile came4 ,mulungu#dg said1 8,give up ! *ild10 & x deliv]$ x up4 ,! girl receiv$ ! *ild & w5t d[n#dh to h] "m4 ,:5 h] "m saw t h] daught] br\ght ! *ild %e 0 mu* delight$ & gave h] mu* clo? & a good h\se4 ,:5 h] companions saw t %e _h fet*$ h] *ild !y ask$ h]1 8,h[ did y fet* y\r *ild80 ,_! companion said1 8,i w5t to ,mulungu04 ,:5 h] companions he>d t %e fet*$ x f ,mulungu1 !n !y ?rew _! *ildr5 9 ! wat]1 & also climb$ ! tree1 :i* grew quickly1 quickly4 ,!n !y met ! ,leop>ds4 ,! ,leop>ds ask$1 8,:]e are y go+08 ,b ! girls 7 ob/9ate & said1 8,we don't want y to "q u4 ,no40 ,! ,leop>ds left !m1 & !y w5t on & met ) ! ,ns5zi :o said1 8,well1 :]e are y go+08 ,b ! girls began to abuse !m4 ,!y w5t on & came to ! ,mazomba4 ,! ,mazomba said1 8,well1 :]e are y go+08 ,! girls said1 8,we don't want y to ask u04 ,!n !y came to ,mulungu4 ,mulungu said1 8,:at d y want08 ,! girls said1 8,we h ?r[n our *ildr5 into ! wat]40 ,b ,mulungu said1 8,:at 0 ! reason ( t08 ,! girls hid 7! matt]7 & said1 8,no?+04 ,b ,mulungu said1 8,x is false4 ,y *eat$ y\r companion1 say+1 #8,?r[ y\r *ild into ! wat]1' & n[ y tell me a lie40 ,!n ,mulungu took a bottle ( lightn+1 & said1 8,y\r *ildr5 are 9 "h04 ,! girls took ! bottle1 & ! bottle made a report l a gun4 ,! girls bo? 7lit4 all7 di$4 ,,footnotes #a ,s9ce !n ! ,*ur* alt]$ _! decision1 & practically f\nd t x 0 gr\ndless4 #b ,liv+/one says ?is is ! mo/ :olesome =m 9 :i* !y use _! corn ow+ to _! rude cook]y4 #c ,* is ! prop] spell+1 b % has ga9$ acceptance4 ,! ,arabs _c pron\nce ! *2 :ile ! natives _c pron\nce ! %4 #d ,/anley calls ! sorc]] 8! g\rd-&-pebble man04 #e ,native idiom4 #f ,?is pr9ciple 9 human nature is fully recognis$ 9 philosophy4 ,butl] 9 8 #8,analogy ( ,religion' speaks ( x z ! pr9ciple ( cont9uance1 rem>k+ 8t we believe a ?+ rema9s z we left x1 except :]e we h any reason to ?9k x is *ang$04 ,dr4 ,ba9 recognises ! same belief 9 our po/ulate t 8nature is uni=m10 al?\gh he holds t ! t5d5cy 9 "q gets its great value f 8exp]i5ce40 ,beyond ?is !re is a t5d5cy to f9d a place1 z we h assum$ above1 = any?+ t has pass$ beyond our k54 ,we saw ?is 9 ! case ( a little *ild t 0 sep>at$ f y\?ful playmates4 ,:5 ask$ 8,:]e's ,nyama80 at fir/ he po9t$ 9 a def9ite direction4 ,z ! j\rney proce$$ he became q at a loss1 & %ook 8 head ov] ! "q 9 sadness4 ,mu* f>!r on x 0 ask$ :e!r ,nyama 0 n 9 yond] /eam]1 & ! sugge/ion gave int5se satisfaction1 & ev] aft] in/ead ( %ew+ despair ov] ! "q he w\ld bright5 up & say1 8,%e is 9 ano!r /eam]04 #g ,ea/ ,african ,tales1 by ,rev4 ,duff ,macdonald4 7,blackwood7 ,page #i4 #h ,:5 mwai is n vomit$ x is fatal1 & ! symptoms t appe> 9 su* cases1 are said to resemble ^? ( dys5t]y4 #i ,x is *>act]i/ic ( ,native ,law t x ?r[s all responsibility on ,sup]iors4 ,9 illu/ration ( ?is pr9ciple ,i may m5tion an application ( x t occurs v naturally to ^! natives1 & :i* !y h urg$ ^u me aga9 & aga94 ,:5 ,i spoke to !m ( a day ( judgm5t !y rem>k$1 8,on t day we %all plead t we are ! :ite man's sons1 & y1 fa!r1 w n =sake y\r *ildr504 #aj ,/anley 9 ,h[ ,i ,f\nd ,liv+/one1 m5tions t ! natives 9 ,unyanyembe1 on kill+ an enemy1 eat 8! sk9 ( ! =ehead1 ! l[] "p ( ! face1 ! =ep>t ( ! nose1 ! fat ov] ! /oma* & abdom51 ! g5ital organs1 & a bit f ea* heel04 ,h5ce we see t ,african tribes1 al?\gh liv+ f> ap>t1 practice simil> =ms ( mutilation4 #aa ,^! names happ5 to be real1 b are us$ only z c\nt]s4 #ab ,! ^w = p is among "s ( ^! tribes antu1 among o!rs w&u1 among o!rs abantu1 c41 h5ce has aris5 ! ^w ,bantu4 #ac ,^! /atem5ts d n occur consecutively 9 ! au?ors quot$4 #ad ,t5s five & t5s f\r1 to ?is comes five !n f\r4 ,! inflexion ( c]ta9 adjectives1 & ! negative inflexion ( ! v]b1 are also felt cumbr\s by a ,european4 #ae ,a c]ta9 k9d ( polit5ess comes natural to ! ,african4 ,seldom w he say any?+ to irritate a neighb\r1 kn[+ z he does1 t 9 a c\ntry :]e !re is little law1 a neighb\r may kill him )\t any scruple1 & get absolution by pay+ ov] a few slaves4 #af ,! ,africans h a widespread tradition t man sprung 9 ?is way f ! e>?4 ,! _w is view$ z a h\se ) ?ree /ories4 ,! high] /ory1 ! region ( ! sky1 is n[ occupi$ by ,mulungu1 & ! sun1 moon1 c4 ,we inhabit at pres5t ! second /ory1 b we came orig9ally f 8! fir/ flat04 ,b all races did n come at ! same "t4 ,accord+ to ! ,kafirs1 ! :ite man /aid till he ca/ (f ! sk9 ( imp]fection--mu* z a snake ca/s its sk94 ,:5 a man dies1 8he is summon$ by ^? t are b5ea?04 ,?is might be expla9$ by say+ t he jo9s ! dead :o are buri$ b5ea?1 b ,bi%op ,callaway ?9ks t su* expressions intimate an old fai?1 n[ no long] und]/ood1 9 a ,hades or ,t>t>us4 #ag i4e41 to make a h\se1 grass be+ a ma9 con/itu5t ( a native hut4 #ah ,!y po/ulate t "s "o di$ be=e man c\ld f9d any be+ to pray to4 ,?is is 9 accordance ) _! !ology4 #ai ,( c\rse !y ?9k ! sun is n bigg] ?an a plate4 #bj ,or 8field0 :]e he rais$ 8 food4 #ba ,a good specim5 ( native tru?4 ,! n>rator assumes t ! *ildr5 w lie1 & t ! fa!r w take x z a matt] ( c\rse4 #bb ,! native good-bye is manag$ ?us3 ,! p]son t goes away f 8 fri5d says 8,/ay10 :ile 8 fri5d replies 8,g04 ,9 _! int]c\rse ?is is n always a m]e =m4 ,if a p>ty ) goods h re/$ at a village ^: *ief is p[]ful1 & covets _! goods1 !y are mu* reliev$ :5 he says 8,g60 #bc ,!re are little huts 9 ! fields :]e p /ay to drive away su* animals z w\ld de/roy ! crops4 #bd ,9 ?is simple nurs]y tale ,p]spective is ignor$1 b ?is w be excus$ by "o :o has obs]v$ h[ /rik+ly ! moon ris+ ov] a hill resembles a di/ant grass-fire4 #be ,8 "n implies t he 0 clev]4 ,! #crd /ory rem9ds "o ( ! ,indian wid[ :o refuses to survive h] husb&4 #bf ,"h ! sky is lik5$ to a great lake1 & ! />s are ! 8gold5 s&s0 ( 8,afric's sunny f\nta9s04 #bg ,v4 & ,,vi4 seem po9tless1 except t ! etymology & ! =m ( ! native words are made to support ! simple !ories4 #bh ,ra91 lightn+ & ?und] seem to be almo/ insep>ably associat$ 9 ! m9ds ( ! native4 ,if a peal ( ?und] is he>d1 :5 we ask :at x is1 ! reply is 8ra904 #bi ,*it[e is g5]ally repres5t$ z inf]ior 9 p[] to ,mtanga4 ,?is passage w\ld lead u1 !re=e1 to und]/& t ,*it[e call$ 9 ,mtanga because he c\ld n put ! c\ntry "r himself4 ,! ,yao z !y contra/ _! hilly di/rict ) ! flat burn+ pla9s ar\nd may well ?ank ,mtanga4 #cj ,native philosoph]s accept ! exi/5ce ( ! _w z an ultimate fact4 #ca ,does ?is po9t to ! use ( #8! pot-/one'8 ,! native values 8 pres5t me?ods z an advance on some?+ m primitive4 #cb ,comp>e ! hoe+ ( ! ,hott5tots4 #cc i4e41 to =m ! sides ( ! native hut4 #cd ,?is tale exi/s among bo? ! ,kafirs & ! ,hott5tots1 & is "o ( ! mo/ notewor?y4 #ce ,! (f]+ ( #8fir/ fruits' _h n be5 pres5t$4 #cf ,describ$ z /ay+ 9 ! nor?4 ,! ^w also means craftsman4 ,mo/ ( ^! names are m]e adaptations = ! /ory4 #cg i4e41 ,man-eat]4 #ch ,a brea* ( etiquette4 7#fg47 #ci ,! n>rative %ews h[4 #dj ,!y h a cu/om ( putt+ *>ms r\nd _! crops ?is way 7see ,k74 #da ,all ! ,african races seem to h simil> /ories ab\t ! orig9 ( monkeys4 #db ,%e w\ld be expect$ to make h]self bald 9 m\rn+ = h] two sons4 #dc ,comp>e ! anci5t expression1 8,:o c /ay ! bottles ( heav540--,job xxxvii4 #ch4 #dd ,man is ! only animal t c make fire4 ,x is common to set fire to ! bu% ) ! view ( cat*+ game4 #de ,mulungu is "h said to h liv$ once on ! e>?1 & to h left x because ( m54 ,! ,*ameleon is introduc$ "h z well z 9 tale ,no4 xv4 #df ,su* metamorphoses are v common 9 native tales4 #dg ,! n>rator pron\nces sometimes ,mlungu1 sometimes ,mulungu4 #dh ,"h z 9 xxviii4 & xxix4 #8,god' is on high4 ,he is rea*$ aft] a j\rney ?r\gh a trilogy ( ,bea/s1 ,birds1 & ,fi%es4 ,comp>e ) ?is1 "o native view t ! sky is a great lake4