,,secrets ,,( ,,sc5e ,,pa9t+ ,,& ,,/age ,,effects ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,old ,,globe 7,,or ,,atlas87 ,,!atre ,,bankside4 ,,! ,,meet+ ,,( ,,%akespe>e ,,) ,,! ,,burbages1 ,,fa!r ,,& ,,son4 ,,secrets ,,( ,,sc5e ,,pa9t+ ,,& ,,/age ,,effects ,,by ,,van ,,dyke ,,br[ne ,,fully ,,illu/rat$ ,,9 ,,col\r ,,& ,,black ,,& ,,:ite ,,sev5? ,,edition ,,london ,,george ,,r\tl$ge ,,sons1 ,,limit$ ,,new ,,york3 ,e4 ,p4 ,,dutton ,,co4 ,pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita9 by ,,mackays ,,limit$1 ,,*a?am ,,secrets ,,( ,,sc5e ,,pa9t+ ,,& ,,/age ,,effects ,! idea ( dramatic repres5tation is to produce ! impression ( reality1 & ! value ( su* repres5tation is 9 direct measure ) ! =ce ( su* impression4 ,9 ?is connection /age sc5]y & effects are ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,:5 prop]ly us$1 !y add trem5d\sly to ! realism ( dramatic repres5tation4 ,we see ?is cle>ly prov$ 9 ,london to-day at su* !atres z ,drury ,lane & ,8 ,maje/y's4 ,! success ( ! big productions at ^? !atres dep5ds almo/1 if n q1 z mu* ^u ! quality ( ! sc5]y & effects z ^u t ( ! plays p]=m$ or ( ! actors & actresses engag$4 ,?is is %[n by ! views express$ by ! dramatic critics & ! public g5]ally4 ,p]haps ! production at ,drury ,lane is a /rong melodrama4 ,:at is mo/ discuss$ 9 connection ) t production8 ,almo/ always "s big & novel effect1 su* z ! repres5tation ( a race betwe5 a]oplanes or a battle betwe5 subm>9es4 ,aga91 9 ! case ( a ,%akespe>ean production at ,8 ,maje/y's1 ! talk 9 ! gre5-rooms & at ! d9n]-tables ( ,london is (t5 m ( ! sc5ic beauty ( ! production ?an ( ! a*ievem5ts ( ! actors & actresses1 & ! talk ( ! #8man 9 ! /reet' foll[s ! same l9es4 ,! anci5t ,greeks & ,romans 7 v fond ( ! drama & h left u "s great plays1 b !y did n realise ! value ( sc5]y2 inde$1 v (t5 _! p]=mances 7 giv5 )\t sc5]y ( any sort4 ,! drama ( ! ,romans1 l mo/ o!r manife/ations ( _! civilisation1 0 bas$ on t ( ! ,greeks4 ,! greate/ ( ! ,greeks z playwright & produc] 0 s*ylus1 :o fl\ri%$ ab\t #ejj ,b4,c4 ,!re appe>s to be little d\bt t x 0 he :o fir/ introduc$ sc5]y 9 connection ) dramatic repres5tations4 ,to him1 too1 ! cr$it is due ( hav+ erect$ ! fir/ p]man5t !atre4 ,previ\sly1 ! dramatic p]=mances ( ! ,greeks _h always be5 giv5 9 ! op5 air4 ,! sc5]y us$ by s*ylus 0 /ation>y sc5]y2 inde$1 x 0 n until m ?an #bjjj ye>s aft] 8 p]iod t movable sc5]y 0 fir/ introduc$4 ,!re has be5 mu* discussion z to ! actual date :5 ?is took place4 ,"s /ud5ts ( ! ,elizabe?an drama h ass]t$ t movable sc5]y 0 us$ by ,%akespe>e & 8 contempor>ies2 b ! pro(s ( ?is are n at all def9ite4 ,! g5]al cons5sus ( op9ion is to ! effect t ,dav5ant1 ! ,engli% playwright1 0 ! fir/ to apply ?is novelty4 ,at any rate1 !re is conv9c+ evid5ce t 9 or ab\t ! ye> #affb he produc$ a play ) ! accompanim5t ( movable sc5]y4 ,probably ?is sc5]y 0 v clumsily contriv$1 b x embodi$ ! pr9ciple on :i* ! clev]e/ effects ( ! pres5t day are bas$4 ,& h[ clev] "s ( ^? effects are6 ,x is wor? ! :ile ( anybody at all int]e/$ 9 !atrical matt]s to inspect ! sc5]y arrangem5ts at an up-to-date !atre4 ,at e turn he w f9d some?+ to wond] at & admire4 ,q rec5tly at "o ( ! ,london !atres !re has be5 in/all$ a new electrically driv5 equipm5t = rais+ & l[]+ clo?s1 sky bord]s1 curta9s1 & = sett+ ceil+s1 etc4 ,x has prov$ a great success4 ,wire is us$ in/ead ( ! old hemp5 ropes1 & ?is is an enorm\s advantage f ! fire-risk po9t ( view4 ,fur!r1 x has enabl$ ! numb] ( /age h&s to be r$uc$4 ,! equipm5t works ) f> less noise ?an ! ord9>y h& sy/em1 & mu* m quickly & c]ta9ly4 ,x seems q likely t be=e long ?is electric-p[] sy/em w be ! "o adopt$ at all ! big !atres1 b = ! small] !atres1 & c]ta9ly = ! halls at :i* amateur companies usually give _! p]=mances1 ! old sy/em w cont9ue to be us$4 ,!re h be5 a numb] ( books issu$ dur+ rec5t ye>s on ! subject ( ,sc5e ,pa9t+ & ,/age ,effects4 ,i h read all ( !m1 b h come to ! conclusion t none effectively cov]s ! gr\nd4 ,"s ( ^! books are evid5tly produc$ z adv]tisem5ts ( deal]s 9 pa9t = sc5ic purposes4 ,^? deal]s d\btless "k mu* ab\t ! mak+ & mix+ ( pa9ts1 b x does n foll[ t !y are acqua9t$ ) ! art ( plac+ ! pa9t on canvas1 any m ?an x foll[s t a mak] ( p5s or pap] is a lit]>y man4 ,o!rs ( ^! books are f> too te*nical1 bo? z reg>ds matt] & /yle4 ,! p]usal ( !m _c possibly be ( mu* assi/ance to ! amateur 9 sc5ic pa9t+1 h[ev] intellig5t he may be4 ,x almo/ seems z if ! au?ors did n really wi% to imp>t in=mation1 b only to publi% a book %[+ _! own intimate k ( ab/ruse t]ms & def9itions4 ,i ?9k ! pres5t book w be f\nd to be free f ! faults to :i* ,i h j ref]r$4 ,x is n an adv]tisem5t ( any man's goods2 x has be5 kept z free z possible f te*nical difficulties2 & x is an hone/ endeav\r to cov] ! gr\nd ) :i* x deals4 ,! book includes )9 its scope ! :ole art ( sc5e pa9t+4 ,x deals ) ! problem ( p]spective 9 z cle> & simple a way z possible4 ,x gives designs ( typical sc5es & ( ! furniture appropriate to su* sc5es4 ,fur!r1 x conta9s mu* useful in=mation z to /age build+--f a plat=m = a draw+-room ent]ta9m5t or a fit-up t\r to an elaborate p]man5t /ructure4 ,9 addition to all ?is x describes 9 detail ! work+ ( sc5]y1 includ+ curta9s1 full sc5e sets1 a *amb] set1 etc4 ,! ne$ = su* a book is evid5t4 ,e t[n ( any size has its amateur dramatic society1 & 9 ! big t[ns & cities ^? societies are to be c\nt$ by ! doz54 ,amateurs q rightly pride !mselves on do+ z mu* z possible 9 connection ) ! p]=mances !y give2 !y make _! own co/umes & ev5 sometimes write _! own plays4 ,n[ !y w be able to pa9t _! own sc5]y4 ,9 ! case ( almo/ e amateur dramatic society1 !re is at lea/ "o memb] :o has "s k ( ! art ( pa9t+4 ,) ! aid ( ! advice & in=mation giv5 9 ?is book he w be able to apply t k = sc5ic purposes4 ,)\t su* advice & in=mation1 h[ev] clev] a pa9t] he may be1 he c\ld n s apply x4 ,!re is a _w ( diff]5ce betwe5 pa9t+ a picture to hang on ! wall ( a gall]y or a draw+-room & to be inspect$ at %ort range1 & 9 pa9t+ a sc5e to =m ! backgr\nd ( a /age & to convey a bold & def9ite effect to hundr$s or ?\s&s ( p inspect+ x f all p>ts ( a big hall or !atre4 ,9 ?is connection ,i may m5tion a p]=mance :i* ,i witness$ 9 ! prov9ces rec5tly4 ,x 0 giv5 by a local amateur society4 ,! play 0 a good "o1 & ! act+ 0 good1 b ! sc5]y 0 lam5tably poor6 ,x _h be5 pa9t$ by two tal5t$ arti/s1 bo? ( :om h sev]al times exhibit$ at ! ,royal ,academy1 b !y _h fail$ entirely to get ! effects at :i* !y _h aim$4 ,look$ at f a few y>ds' di/ance1 ! sc5es 7 simply a blur ( pa9t2 yet1 :5 ,i w5t r\nd aft] ! p]=mance & inspect$ !m closely1 ,i f\nd t z #8pictures' !y 7 admirable productions4 ,t is ! diff]5ce 9 a nut%ell--a sc5e may be & %\ld be picturesque1 b x is n a #8picture' 9 ! ,royal ,academy s5se ( ! ^w4 ,at o!r amateur p]=mances ,i h se5 v>i\s %ifts resort$ to4 ,! backgr\nd ( ! /age has be5 cov]$ by ord9>y wall-pap] & hung ) ord9>y pictures4 ,! effect has nev] be5 :at 0 int5d$4 ,! play produc$ may h be5 a comic "o1 b1 9 my case at any rate1 q z mu* laught] 0 excit$ by ! faulty sc5ic effects z by ! jokes utt]$ by ! actors4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 !re are v few work+ sc5ic arti/s2 ! pr(ession may q fairly be t]m$ a close corporation4 ,! arti/s realise t s long z _! numb] is few1 _! individual receipts w be high4 ,in/ead ( welcom+ any addition to _! ranks1 !y d _! be/ to keep o!rs out4 ,to g to "o ( ^! sc5ic arti/s = in=mation z to 8 pr(ession is simply to wa/e "t4 ,i he>d a /ory ! o!r day ( a man :o knew some?+ ab\t ! bus9ess1 & :o want$ to le>n ! m intimate secrets4 ,he obta9$ ! acqua9tance%ip ( a skill$ sc5ic arti/ & did 8 be/ to extract ^? secrets f him4 ,he fail$ utt]ly4 ,he ev5 w5t to ! ext5t "o night ( delib]ately mak+ ! arti/ drunk1 or ne>ly s1 9 ! hope t !n ! man w\ld talk4 ,! man did talk1 b none ( 8 talk 0 ab\t 8 art4 ,al?\gh n ma/] ( 8 faculties1 he /ill _h ! s5se to "k t he mu/ n imp>t any in=mation ab\t 8 art4 ,he talk$ ab\t 8 wife1 8 "m-9-law1 & _m o!r int]e/+ subjects1 b n a ^w fell f 8 lips z to sc5e pa9t+ or /age effects4 ,"s deal]s sell pap] sc5es1 :i* to "s ext5t supply ! ne$ felt by amateur societies--b only to "s ext5t4 ,! sc5es are usually ( m9iature size & are inadequate = l>ge /ages2 besides1 ! m\nt+ ( !m on canvas is a difficult & exp5sive task1 & ev5 :5 x is p]=m$ ! result is (t5 imp]fect1 = pap] soon crumples up on a canvas backgr\nd4 ,! be/ ?+ is = ! amateur to d 8 own "w if possible4 ,?is book w make x possible4 ,all ! v>i\s po9ts are dealt )4 ,! read] w le>n z to ! "r sort ( canvas1 ! "r sort ( glue1 & ! "r sort ( bru%es4 ,valuable h9ts w also be f\nd z to sc5ic arti/s' frames1 ! /ret*+ ( canvas1 ! use ( pulleys to pull up canvas1 /5cill+1 & _m m necess>y matt]s4 ,exact diagrams z to all ^! are giv54 ,! pages deal+ ) ! con/ruction ( a plat=m w be f\nd v useful4 ,on h[ _m occasions is n su* a plat=m want$6 ,!re is ! ne$ = "o1 n only = ! purpose ( dramatic repres5tations b also = conc]ts & v>i\s social functions4 ,! book deals v fully ) /age effects4 ,! read] w le>n ! be/ & simple/ ways ( produc+ ! effects ( ra91 sn[1 hail1 ?und]1 gallop+ ( horses1 etc4 ,occasions = ! use ( ^! occur 9 v _m plays p]=m$ by amateurs4 ,! realism ( su* effects is v great if !y are produc$ prop]ly4 ,! tru? ( ?is may be prov$ at any ( ! c9ematograph !atres2 ! impression ( ! pictures is aga9 & aga9 int5sifi$ by "s effect work$ beh9d ! curta9s4 ,/age light+ is also adequately dealt ) 9 ! book4 ,?is section w be useful to _m amateur societies4 ,x is n suffici5t to h ! "r sort ( limes--!re mu/ also be a full k ( ! be/ way ( work+ ^? limes4 ,t k w be obta9$ f a c>eful /udy ( ! section 9 "q4 ,e endeav\r has be5 made to illu/rate ! book 9 ! be/ possible mann]4 ,! plates %[+ typical sc5es w assi/ ! amateur sc5ic arti/ v consid]ably4 ,! diagrams z to p]spective h be5 made z simple z possible1 ) due reg>d to ! necessity ( _! illu/rat+ ! accompany+ lett]press adequately4 ,inde$1 ! :ole note ( ! book is ! c\pl+ ( simplicity & effici5cy4 ,,prep>ation ,! pr(essional sc5e pa9t] requires a v l>ge room = 8 "w1 & x mu/ be s situat$ t !re is a l>ge space bel[ ! room & an equal am\nt ( space above x4 ,?is arrangem5t is necess>y because1 ) "o exception--to :i* ,i w pres5tly ref]--! sc5]y is pa9t$ f ! top d[nw>ds1 & z ! sc5e pa9t] f9ds x conv5i5t to /& on ! floor ( ! room :ile he is at "w1 x foll[s t ! canvas mu/ fir/ be dropp$ ?r\gh a slit 9 ! floor4 ,x is !n haul$ up to a conv5i5t height1 & :5 all ! "p :i* ! pa9t] c rea* is cov]$1 x is drawn upw>ds1 s t ano!r blank piece ( canvas faces ! pa9t]4 ,by ! "t ! l[e/ "p ( ! canvas is 9 place1 ! top is !re=e well out ( ! pa9t]'s rea*4 ,if ! amateur sc5e pa9t] c arrange an ou?\se 9 ?is way1 he w facilitate 8 "w1 b if ! sc5]y is n v l>ge1 he c "w fairly well on ! canvas if he spreads x out on ! floor4 ,9 t case he w fir/ roll up ! canvas & !n unroll a portion ( x4 ,aft] he has cov]$ t he w unroll "s m1 & w cont9ue ! process until he has cov]$ all ! canvas4 ,9 "s cases1 h[ev]1 ! sc5e pa9t] w f9d t ! m conv5i5t me?od is to susp5d ! canvas 9 "s way ) ropes & pulleys4 ,illu/ration3 ,/age ,! exception to ?is cu/om>y plan ( work+ to :i* ,i h allud$1 is :5 ! pa9t] has to produce a /reet sc5e on a back clo? or "s sc5e 9 :i* ! arti/'s k ( p]spective comes into play4 ,= a sc5e ( t description x is be/ to beg9 9 ! middle ( ! canvas4 ,! necessity = ?is plan w be appreciat$ :5 ! *apt] on p]spective has be5 /udi$4 ,a /reet sc5e is1 p]haps1 ! mo/ difficult ( all sc5e pa9t+ to d well1 because if ! p]spective is n "r ! effect w be n at all :at is requir$2 ! h\ses depict$ 9 ! sc5e w appe> to be 9 dang] ( toppl+ ov]1 & ! :ole effect w be grotesque4 ,,mat]ials ,all sc5]y is pa9t$ on ord9>y flax canvas :i*1 9 ! fir/ case1 is only a y>d wide4 ,/rips ( ! canvas are sewn toge!r to make a l>ge %eet4 ,! am\nt ( prelim9>y "w requir$ may be judg$ f ! fact t a full-siz$ #8frame' = a !atre measures #fj feet across by #de feet 9 height4 ,! canvas is jo9$ toge!r 9 a special way1 s t ! jo9s may n be se5 & a p]fectly flat surface may be pres5t$4 ,! simple/ way to le>n ?is process is to take two %eets ( pap] & set to "w 9 ! foll[+ way3-- ,lay half a %eet ( note-pap] on ! top ( ano!r1 s t ! "u "o projects ab\t an in* beyond ! upp]2 pa/e along bo? edges ( ! pap]s & !n fold ! top pap] ov] ! bottom pap]1 b be=e do+ s pu% x up ab\t a qu>t] ( an in*1 s t x adh]es to ! bottom pap]4 ,! two pap]s w !n be held toge!r firmly & ! surface w be practically flat4 ,illu/ration3 ,framework ,aft] ! requir$ area ( canvas has be5 decid$ on1 x mu/ be m\nt$ & /ret*$ accord+ to ! purpose = :i* x is requir$4 ,9 deal+ ) a back clo?1 cut clo?1 or act drop1 ! canvas is m]ely /ret*$ tightly across ! batt5 & nail$ at int]vals1 x ?us hangs loosely bel[2 ! surplus mat]ial1 if prop]ly dealt )1 drops ?r\gh a slit 9 ! floor z be=e m5tion$4 ,illu/ration3 ,framework ,9 ! case1 h[ev]1 ( w+s & o!r moveable pieces a prop] wood framework is requir$1 z %[n 9 _m ( our illu/rations4 ,on ?is framework ! canvas %\ld be /ret*$ z taut z possible1 :i* c be done ei!r by tack+ ! bottom & !n pull+ ! canvas ov] ! top batt5 ) ! h&s :ile an assi/ant nails x1 or1 by us+ ! special p9c]s %[n 9 ! accompany+ illu/ration4 ,^! p9c]s h a long gripp+ surface ) a too!d surface1 "o set ( corrugations fitt+ into ! o!r4 ,naturally ?is grip _c slip :5 ! p9c]s are clos$1 & a great pur*ase c be obta9$1 :i* makes satisfactory /ret*+ a practical c]ta9ty4 ,:5 ! canvas--:i*1 by ! way1 co/s ab\t eighte5p5ce a y>d--has be5 jo9$ & fram$ up x is ready = #8prim+4' ,! effect ( ?is process is to give x a :ite surface to :i* ! pa9t w adh]e4 #8,prim+' is made by dissolv+ :it5+ 9 wat] & add+ size4 ,! usual plan is to use ab\t half a bucket ( wat]4 ,:it5+ is plac$ 9 ?is1 & aft] x has be5 soak$ till x is fairly s(t ! surplus wat] is p\r$ away4 ,! bucket is !n fill$ up ) melt+ size & is well /irr$ up4 ,x is necess>y to be c>eful ab\t ! quantity ( size1 because if too little is us$ ! pa9t t is aft]w>ds put on ! canvas w come (f :5 x is rubb$2 ?us1 if a back clo? is pa9t$ & roll$ up1 ! lab\r w be wa/$4 ,,bru%es ,:5 ! #8prim+' has be5 made ! canvas is spread out & ! pa9t] is ready to beg9 ! fir/ "p ( ! "w4 ,?is is a conv5i5t po9t at :i* to describe ! bru%es requir$ by ! sc5ic arti/4 ,he %\ld provide himself ) ! ord9>y pa9t]'s sa% tools1 & x is z well to h !m 9 all sizes1 f ,no4 #a to ,no4 #ab4 ,! latt] is ab\t an in* & a half across4 ,! bru%es are n p]fectly r\nd4 ,x is also z well to h a bru% ) a long h&le = use :5 pa9t+ foliage4 ,illu/ration3 ,n #a ,,process ,! #8prim+' is appli$ ) :at is te*nically kn[n z a #8d\ble-tie' bru%2 x is m]ely an ord9>y :itewa% bru%4 ,a bru% ( a simil> k9d b half ! wid?--kn[n z a #8s+le-tie' bru%--is also ne$$ = pa9t+ tree trunks & o!r l>ge surfaces4 ,aft] ! #8prim+' has be5 appli$ ! canvas mu/ be left to dry ?or\ghly be=e x is us$4 ,:ile our canvas is 9 ?is /ate we may well turn our att5tion to ! pa9ts4 ,,! ,,pa9ts ,! sc5e pa9t]'s col\rs are kn[n te*nically z #8di/emp] col\rs4' ,!y are b\ght 9 ! =m ( p[d]1 & ! only prep>ation !y require is ! admixture ( wat]4 ,! usual proportion is "o p\nd ( col\r to a p9t ( wat]1 b "s col\rs w #8take' m wat] ?an o!rs2 ?us1 ivory black requires m wat] ?an v]milion4 ,! p[d] is m]ely /irr$ up until x dissolves1 b ea* pot ( pa9t w require an occasional /irr+ :ile x is be+ us$4 ,! pa9t] w also require a small pail ( wat] = #8lett+ d[n' 8 col\r & a half pail ( dissolv$ size = mix+ 9 be=e apply+ ! pa9t & ?us caus+ x to adh]e to ! canvas1 o!rwise ! pa9t on dry+ w\ld fly (f 9 a p[d]4 ,! arti/ w also ne$ "s /icks ( *>coal4 ,,pa9t+ ,,! ,,canvas ,! fir/ /ep t[>ds conv]t+ ! canvas into sc5]y is to sket* out a r\gh design on ! canvas ) a /ick ( *>coal1 b be=e ?is is done x may be z well to make a design ( ! sc5e requir$ on pap]4 ,) ?is copy be=e him ! amateur c g to "w ) 8 *>coal4 ,if he is go+ to pa9t a tree x w be z well to h a /ick ( *>coal fa/5$ to a long /ick4 ,illu/ration3 ,n #b ,,process ,illu/ration3 ,n #c ,,process ,no words c tell ! arti/ exactly :at col\rs he %\ld use1 = ev]y?+ dep5ds on ! mixture ( ! col\rs4 ,! be/ plan = le>n+ ?is "p ( ! "w is to get an old piece ( sc5]y & try to copy x4 ,at ! same "t ! le>n] %\ld make a note ( ! col\rs t h be5 us$ to produce su* effect4 ,! arti/ mu/ rememb] t ! effect he has to produce mu/ n be t :i* he sees himself1 b t :i* ! sc5]y w pres5t :5 x is hung up & %[n by artificial lights4 ,9 ! pa9t+ ( a tree or any outdoor sc5e ! arti/ is sure to want to produce ! effect ( sunlight & %ad[4 ,! =m] is g5]ally produc$ by pa9t+ ) a mixture ( yell[ o*re & *rome yell[4 ,! effect ( %ad[ is produc$ by pa9t+ ) a mixture ( crimson lake1 ,prussian blue1 & a v little ivory black4 ,:5 ?is mixture is made & appli$1 ! arti/ w probably imag9e t x conta9s f> too mu* crimson1 b :5 ! sc5e is lit by artificial light ?is effect is subdu$4 ,nev]!less1 "o (t5 does see a %ad[ effect on a /age 9 :i* f> too mu* crimson has be5 us$4 ,! exact proportions ( ^! mixtures & ! v>i\s %ades ne$$ to pa9t a tree c be det]m9$ only by exp]i5ce4 ,! arti/ may h to pa9t ov] a sc5e ?ree times4 ,he w always h to d x twice1 b ! fir/ coat is v light1 m]ely a sket*+ 9 ( ! outl9es made by ! *>coal4 ,aft] a tree has be5 pa9t$1 ! foliage mu/ be cut out v c>efully4 ,:5 ! sc5e is f9i%$ & ! leaves & bran*es h be5 cut out1 ?is "p ( ! sc5e is laid out flat ) ! pa9t$ side to ! floor & a piece ( f9e black gauze is pa/$ at ! back ( x4 ,?is has ! effect ( hold+ out ! foliage2 )\t ! gauze at ! back ( x ! foliage w\ld fall #89 a heap' at all ! places :]e x _h be5 cut4 ,! black gauze is n se5 #8f ! front' :5 ! lights are on ! /age4 ,! pa9t+ ( a f5ce = an outdoor sc5e is simple en\gh4 ,aft] ! f5ce has be5 pa9t$1 ! canvas is pa/$ to "o or m o!r pieces to /iff5 x & ! p>ts ( ! canvas n pa9t$ are !n cut out ) an ord9>y saw4 ,! pa9t$ f5ce is !n /iff4 ,hav+ produc$ 8 piece ( sc5]y ! amateur is /rongly advis$ n to neglect "o important precaution1 & t is to pa9t ! back ( ! canvas ) a firepro( solution4 ,x is n[ a rule at all !atres & music halls ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry t all sc5]y & prop]ties mu/ be firepro($4 ,?+s prep>$ 9 ?is way d n readily cat* alight3 :5 heat is appli$ !y only sm\ld]2 !y d n bur/ into flames4 ,_m a !atre fire has be5 /opp$ at ! outset ?r\gh "o ( ! #8props' hav+ be5 firepro($4 ,,broad ,,effects ,! amateur arti/ :o sets out to pa9t a piece ( sc5]y = ! fir/ "t 9 8 life w probably be f> too pa9/ak+ 9 8 "w1 or r he w take ! wrong k9d ( tr\ble ov] x4 ,he mu/ rememb] t all 8 "w is to be view$ at a di/ance & "u v peculi> conditions4 ,!re is a blaze ( light f ! gr\nd upw>d & f ! sky d[nw>d1 & frequ5tly f bo? sides ( ! /age4 ,!re=e x is useless = ! amateur sc5ic arti/ to "w z ?\gh he 7 pa9t+ a picture4 ,he mu/ always be> 9 m9d :at 8 "w w look l :5 x is lit up on ! /age4 ,he is /rongly advis$ to beg9 at fir/ ) broad effects & to wat*1 if possible1 to see :at effect 8 fir/ "w has :5 x is lit up on a /age1 be=e he goes on to any?+ m ambiti\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,n #d ,,process ,a simple plan = an amateur :o is work+ 9 ! d>k1 s to speak1 is to proce$ 9 ?is way4 ,let him get hold ( an old scrap ( sc5]y & copy x z ?\gh he 7 draw+ a picture ( x4 ,!n let him put 9 ! lights & %ades1 & he w soon see = himself h[ to procure ! effects dem&$ 9 /age sc5]y4 ,8 *ief fault w probably lie 9 a failure to appreciate ! effect ( :at he is pa9t+ :5 x is pres5t$ 9 /age light3 he w probably ?9k t !re is too great a contra/ 9 8 lights & %ad[s1 b he mu/ rememb] t ! /age lights h a s(t5+ effect on su* contra/s1 & !re=e 9 a /age picture !y mu/ be ov]-emphasis$4 ,! amateur actor is usually j z n]v\s ab\t ov]do+ 8 make-up1 because he does n take into consid]ation ! effect t ! /age lights h on a face t is n made up4 ,! mo/ unbecom+ little %ad[s are ca/ ^u ! face1 & "o ( ! secrets ( mak+-up well is to #8all[' = ^! by means ( grease pa9ts appli$ 9 su* a way t ! complexion seems to be entirely natural4 ,! sc5ic arti/ mu/ !re=e rememb] t 8 "w is go+ to be judg$ "u circum/ances v diff]5t f ^? "u :i* x is done1 & he mu/ make all[ances = t fact1 o!rwise 8 sc5]y w be grotesque4 ,aft] all1 v few sc5es1 especially out-(-door sc5es1 9 !atres1 are really life-l4 ,!y sugge/ ! op5-air sc5e r ?an depict x4 ,illu/ration3 ,n4 #e ,,process ,,to ,,enl>ge ,a ,,sket* ,illu/ration3 ,portion ( ,canvas ,%[+ h[ to enl>ge ,sket* to scale4 ,! be/ me?od is to sket* on to ! canvas1 !n rule up ! design into a numb] ( equal squ>es or rectangles1 !n us+ a *alk l9e divide ! canvas into precisely ! same numb] ( spaces4 ,! re/ is easy2 x is only necess>y to foll[ ! orig9al design1 squ>e by squ>e1 & map x out on ! canvas4 ,! sket* %\ld1 ( c\rse1 be 9 absolute proportion to ! clo?4 ,if x is squ>e1 any squ>e is "r4 ,if1 = in/ance1 ! clo? 7 #cj feet by #bj feet1 ! sket* %\ld be #cj in*es by #bj in*es1 or #ae in*es by #aj in*es1 z mo/ conv5i5t4 ,,p]spective ,if ! read] is famili> ) ev5 elem5t>y p]spective1 ?is *apt] w n aid him1 = x is n )9 ! scope ( ?is "w to in/ruct 9 a sci5ce :i* is adequately cov]$ by lit]ature especially devot$ to ! subject4 ,! object ( ?is *apt] is to give ! amateur an opportunity ( produc+ by ! simple/ me?ods an int]ior or ext]ior back clo? :i* w be reasonably conv9c+ 9 its p]spective l9es4 ,= ?is reason1 ! or?odox means ( obta9+ accuracy 9 fix+ ! vani%+ po9t1 scale1 & all o!r te*nical explanations h be5 omitt$ z be+ useless unless ! read] has ! assi/ance ( a qualifi$ /ud5t to help him 9 deciph]+ ! diagrams4 ,x mu/ n be assum$1 h[ev]1 t ! result ( foll[+ ^! few in/ructions w be a some?+ t is n p]spective4 ,) intellig5ce a v respectable int]ior1 = in/ance1 c be set out1 :i* w satisfy mo/ p1 if n ! pr(essors4 ,if1 on ! o!r h&1 an attempt is made to draw out a sc5e )\t "s me?od ( p]spective1 ! result w be 9 all probability ludicr\s1 & #8,*9ese' 9 its l9es1 produc+ an irritat+ effect on an audi5ce ( disc]nm5t4 ,p]spective is ! view ( objects flat or p]p5dicul>1 z !y appe> to ! eye1 & n z !y really are4 ,! f>!r an object is f ! eye1 ! small] does x appe> to be1 until at la/ x seems to vani% at ! limit ( vision1 t :i* we call ! vani%+ po9t4 ,if we look ?r\gh a long /raight tunnel we see gr\nd1 sides1 & ro( all conv]ge to a po9t ( light--! o!r end4 ,if ! tunnel is lit by lamps at ! sides1 !y w be se5 to get small] & small] & clos] & clos] toge!r z !y approa* ! outlet4 ,!y d ?is 9 /rictly decreas+ proportion1 & no two spaces are alike4 ,to attempt to draw ^! spaces correctly )\t a me?od w\ld be futile4 ,n[ all /raight l9es1 :atev] !y are1 rails1 bricks1 lamp-frames1 etc41 t h _! ends to ! m\? ( ! tunnel1 get clos] & clos] toge!r z !y rec$e1 until !y appe> to ne>ly meet at ! po9t ( light1 & ?is fact is ! g]m ( p]spective draw+4 ,! horizontal l9es1 h[ev]1 su* z sleep]s & ! sides ( ! lamp1 al?\gh !y decrease 9 wid? & l5g?1 rema9 q p>allel to ! v end ( ! tunnel4 ,!re=e we h two lead+ facts1 7#a7 t all l9es go+ away f u t5d to meet1 & 7#b7 all l9es across our pa? rema9 p>allel4 ,if our tunnel is a squ>e "o1 & we *op x up into a numb] ( sections1 :at h we b a s]ies ( rooms end on end4 ,consequ5tly1 keep+ ! pr9ciple ( ! tunnel 9 8 m9d's eye1 ! read] %\ld h little difficulty 9 sett+ up a correct int]ior4 ,( c\rse doors1 w9d[s1 columns1 pictures1 etc41 h _! wid?s to be det]m9$1 & ^! mu/ be laid out on ! same pr9ciple z ! tunnel lamps4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig ,i ,fig4 #a ( ! illu/rations %[s a simple int]ior includ+ ceil+1 floor1 back wall & two side walls4 ,x w be se5 t f corn] to corn] ( ! canvas are diagonal dott$ l9es1 & :]e !y cross 9 ! c5tre is a po9t m>k$ ,v4,p4 :i* is ! vani%+ po9t or #8end ( ! tunnel4' ,z we d n require an endless room we cut (f sev]al miles ( x & put a back 94 ,?is c be done by divid+ ea* ( ! diagonal l9es into f\r p>ts1 & draw+ up to ! f\r po9ts 7,f7 to make ! back ( ! room4 ,we n[ h some?+ l a squ>e room1 ) f\r equal sides1 on ! back wall we put :at decoration we l )\t tr\bl+ ! vani%+ po9t except t no object t is equal to a simil> "o on ! side walls mu/ exce$ x 9 height1 al?\gh x may 9 app>5t wid?4 ,to set out ! columns on ! "r-h& wall1 draw a l9e 7,b7 f ! left-h& front corn] ?r\gh ! "r-h& back corn] ( ! floor1 & cont9ue x on until x cuts across a horizontal l9e 7,c7 drawn 9 ?r\gh ! vani%+ po9t1 ?us =m+ ano!r po9t m>k$ ,a4 ,n[ z we h consid]$ ?is a squ>e room1 ( c\rse our base l9e ,d is really ! same l5g? z ! side walls1 s we m>k our columns on ,d 9 _! prop] places4 ,!n we draw l9es f ea* ( su* m>ks to ! po9t ,a1 & f :]e !y cut ! floor l9e ( ! wall we draw p]p5dicul> l9es up ! walls to give u ! elevation ( ! columns 9 p]spective spac+ & wid?4 ,! left-h& walls & ! ceil+ %[ a simpl] me?od1 :5 m]ely a s+le c5tral feature is want$4 ,simply draw diagonal l9es corn] to corn]1 & !n a v]tical or horizontal "o1 & ! exact c5tre is f\nd2 !n m>k out ! feature1 see+ t all ! go+-away l9es t5d t[>ds ! ,v4,p4 ,! position ( ! ,v4,p4 z %[n is n a fix$ rule1 b m]ely = simplicity ( in/ruction3 x may be above or bel[ ! c5tre ( ! back wall1 or to "r or left1 giv+ a diff]5t aspect ( ! room2 ! g5]al rules describ$ /ill apply4 ,fig4 #b %[s a me?od ( sett+ out a p>ti-col\r$ pav$ floor4 ,divide ! front l9e into a numb] ( equal spaces1 draw l9es to ! ,v4,p41 !n ,a to ,a1 !n horizontal l9e ,b1 ?r\gh ! c5tre cut1 :i* all[s ,c to ,c to be drawn4 ,!n draw ! o!r horizontal l9es1 cut vani%+ l9es1 & ! floor w repres5t a draught bo>d 9 p]spective1 cross ea* squ>e ) diagonal l9es1 & ! patt]n c be made diamond-wise4 ,) ?is basis to "w on1 _m geometrical patt]ns c be set out 9 p]spective1 & ( c\rse a ceil+ decoration w\ld be pa9t$ on simil> l9es4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig ,,ii ,fig ,,iii ,fig4 #c is a /reet sc5e 9 p]spective1 x is v mu* on ! l9es ( ,fig4 #a except t ! spac+s are irregul>1 b !y are arriv$ at by ! same me?ods4 ,we h only %[n ! "r-h& side ( ! /reet1 z ! o!r side c be set out by rev]s+ ! proc$ure4 ,assum+ ! /reet to be #fj feet wide & ! f\r h\ses toge!r say #hj feet1 ! base l9e mu/ be ext5d$ to %[ ?is r\ghly to scale4 ,!n f ! ,v4,p4 draw ! horizontal l9e ,c1 & f ! left-h& end ( ! base ! l9e ,b1 !n cut at ,a1 & t is ! po9t to :i* all ! l9es ( ! v]tical features ( ! h\ses mu/ be drawn4 ,!n proce$ z describ$ = ,fig4 #a4 ,we h n includ$ ! ,*ur*1 z x means too consid]able an ext5sion ( ! base l9e = reproduction4 ,treat ! left-h& side ( ! /reet simil>ly1 b v>y ! detail to fancy4 ,! heights ( ! v>i\s build+s are immat]ial s long z e ro( & cornice l9e runs to ! ,v4,p4 ,all ! =ego+ in/ructions h be5 = p>allel p]spective1 :]e b "o vani%+ po9t is requir$4 ,fig4 #d illu/rates an in/ance ( angul> p]spective1 :]e two sides ( a build+ rec$e f ! eye4 ,= fir/ ef=ts at sc5e pa9t+1 angul> p]spective c be ignor$ by ! simple evasion ( n includ+ build+s on ! angle4 ,b1 /rictly speak+1 angul> p]spective is ! m exact ( ! two1 & :5 ! read] has grasp$ ! c5tral idea ( ! vani%+ l9es1 he %\ld essay ! angul> 9 8 sc5es to obta9 v>iety & fre$om4 ,9 ,fig4 #d two vani%+ po9ts are requir$1 b !y mu/ bo? be on ! same horizontal l9e1 l9es to "r & left ( ! build+ are drawn out to _! respective ,v4 po9ts4 ,! base l9es = spac+s c be utilis$ z 9 ,fig4 #c1 b "o = ea* side ( ! build+ mu/ be set d[n4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig ,,iv ,p]spective draw+s %\ld be made to scale on pap]4 ,aft] f9i%+ rub out guid+ l9es1 & squ>e up pap] z describ$ 9 ano!r "p ( ?is book1 & s transf] sket* to ! canvas4 ,nev] place ! vani%+ po9ts above ! c5tre unless ! sc5e is to be view$ z f a hill4 ,9 ! small space at my comm& mu* has be5 omitt$ f ?is *apt]1 & ! ambiti\s amateur w\ld d well to obta9 /&>d books on p]spective1 & /udy ! sci5ce fully1 b satisfactory results c be obta9$ by foll[+ ^! simple in/ructions c>efully )\t fur!r tuition4 ,,*oice ,,( ,,subject ,,& ,,treatm5t ,! e>ne/ beg9n] w no d\bt desire to adapt 8 designs to ! play to be repres5t$1 b he w usually f9d v little guidance 9 ! au?or's directions4 ,su* directions are scant & laconic1 except :]e ! position ( a door1 w9d[1 or fireplace is conc]n$4 ,?is retic5ce ( au?ors is a bless+ r ?an a re/riction1 = su* directions z #8,int]ior ( a cottage1' #8,a draw+-room1' #8,a /ile by a cornfield1' #8,a woodl& /ream1' give ! sc5e pa9t] a free h& 9 depict+ t :i* 8 fancy may dictate4 ,a numb] ( ! illu/rations 9 ?is book w be f\nd useful z sugge/ions = ext]iors & int]iors suitable = a goodly collection ( dome/ic plays deal+ ) home life1 b :]e1 z 9 _m ( ,%akespe>e's plays1 ! sc5>io lies 9 ,italy & o!r p>ts ( ,europe1 or z 9 ,! ,only ,way & ,! ,sc>let ,pimp]nel1 ,p>is ( ! ,revolution is dealt )1 "s attempt mu/ be made to get local col\r or ! effect w be ludicr\s4 ,!re are occasions :]e "o ne$ n be too p>ticul>4 ,= in/ance1 a ,b>onial ,hall cov]s a long p]iod ( ,engli% ,hi/ory2 x c ev5 be made q mod]n :5 ! play deals ) p]sonages ( anci5t l9eage1 b ! amateurs we saw :o depict$ a /irr+ incid5t 9 ! ,s\dan w> inside a ,dick5sian cottage1 requir$ too ela/ic an imag9ation f ! audi5ce4 ,:]e local col\r mu/ be got1 ! sc5e pa9t] %\ld look up "s private pr9ts or illu/rations ( ! p]iod1 or1 :]e possible1 good pictures ( ! actual incid5ts 9 ! play1 an easy matt] 9 ! case ( ,%akespe>e4 ,hav+ obta9$ ^!1 r\gh sket*es %\ld be made f !m ) all ! portions knock$ out :i* are n practicable = /age purposes1 b /ill reta9+ ! ess5ce ( ! designs4 ,to be truly consci5ti\s ! amateur %\ld m\nt ! sket*es on c>dbo>d & make !m up into models :i* w give him a good idea ( ! f9i%$ effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,sket*es ,! *apt] on p]spective gives a me?od ( squ>+ up1 by :i* ^! r\gh sket*es c be enl>g$ to ! size requir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,%akespe>e ,,sitt+ ,,"u ,,8 ,,fav\rite ,,mulb]ry ,,tree ,,9 ,,! ,,g>d5 ,,( ,,new ,,place4 ,l&scape w m easily pass mu/] ) ! majority ( onlook]s1 b intellig5ce 9 design+ outdoor sc5]y is ke5ly appreciat$ by ^? :o "k1 & a l&scape t co9cides ) ! locality ( ! play /amps ! pa9t] z an arti/ r ?an an amateur4 ,engli% l&scape c take c>e ( itself1 pictures by ,birket ,fo/]1 ,b4 ,w4 ,lead]1 ,alfr$ ,ea/ & o!rs provide excell5t mat]ial4 ,scot* sc5]y %\ld be wild] & m rugg$1 ) masses ( rock & hea? in/ead ( grass1 :ile ,iri% l&scapes %\ld be depict$ z some:at unkempt 9 appe>ance1 ) small /umpy trees4 ,x %\ld be not$ also t ! "* ( ! f5c+ *anges1 h$ges to /one walls1 /one walls to banks & dit*es1 & s =?4 ,:]e =eign environm5t is conc]n$1 photographs mu/ be /udi$1 b ,italian g>d5s1 :i* are v popul> z back clo?s1 c be se5 copi$ 9 _m ,engli% c\nty mansion doma9s4 ,) _! d>k masses ( trees1 _m ( ! popl> ord] /&+ 9 relief aga9/ ! sky1 sugge/ions ( /atu>y1 f\nta9s1 & balu/rad$ t]races1 !y h a decid$ly =eign appe>ance & are und5iably effective4 ,n[ a few words z to treatm5t1 or :at arti/s w\ld call #8h&l+1' ( ! subject *os5 w be useful1 because _m amateurs 9 _! desire to be pa9/ak+ ov]do _! "w & produce a /iff & angul> effect4 ,( l&scape we c say little1 except to urge try+ = ! broad effect1 z po9t$ out 9 ,*apt] ,i4 ,d n get trees #8leggy1' or ) all ! foliage on top1 l ! ,noah's ,ark v>iety4 ,9 ! case ( build+s & int]iors1 h[ev]1 !re is consid]able diff]5ce 9 treatm5t4 ,9 pa9t+ cottage int]iors1 ,elizabe?an or ,tudor /reets1 old /one halls1 old inns1 etc41 nice /raight l9es & squ>e corn]s are all wrong4 ,! ma9 v]tical l9es ( ! build+s mu/ n fall ov] too mu*1 b ! half timb]+ ro(s1 sa%es1 etc41 c leave ! /raight road ) reasonable impunity4 ,! col\r+ mu/ be brok5 up s t no space ( wall or ro( pres5ts an ev5 ton$ surface4 ,build+s at a di/ance c be q sket*y ) mo/ ( ! detail left out4 ,!re is no ne$ to pa9t 9 ! tiles ( a ro( half a mile away1 x is a lab\r t undoes ! effect desir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,tiles ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,brook ,illu/ration3 ,,/reet ,,sc5e4 ,,moonlight ,illu/ration3 ,,mauve ,,%ad[s4 ,,cobalt ,,sky4 ,,flat4 ,:5 x comes to pa9t+ m>ble halls & ,fr5* eighte5? c5tury draw+-rooms1 ! =ego+ advice mu/ n be foll[$1 = columns & friezes #8flopp+' ov]1 w\ld sugge/ indulg5ce 9 /rong dr9k on ! "p ( ! arti/4 ,illu/ration3 ,go?ic ,int]ior4 ,/5cil$ ,walls ,illu/ration3 ,,italian ,,palace ,illu/ration3 ,,c\ntry ,,kit*5 ,al?\gh requir+ accuracy ^! latt] sc5es are n really s difficult z ! o!r build+s1 = ! arti/ic s5se is n s mu* requir$ z a me*anical exactitude 9 draw+ out ! v>i\s features ( con/ruction4 ,all ! /raight l9es %\ld fir/ be *>coal$ & pa9t$ 9 z neatly z possible be=e any ( ! decoration is ins]t$1 = x w !n n be f\nd a difficult matt] to fill 9 ! v>i\s spaces by means ( /5cils1 t is1 pieces ( ?9 c>d ) ! patt]n cut out 9 op5 "w1 s t by pa9t+ ov] ! outside surface ( ! c>d1 an impression ( ! patt]n is left on ! canvas b5ea?4 ,illu/rations ( ^! /5cil patt]ns are %[n "h1 b x is n su* an easy matt] to design & cut !m1 = unless e portion ( ! cut-out ornam5t is connect$ ) tie pieces ( c>d1 "s p>ts w drop out4 ,! #8ties' h[ev] c be put 91 ev5 if n want$ z "p ( ! ornam5t4 ,x is a simple matt] to pa9t !m out ( ! canvas aft]w>ds4 ,illu/ration3 ,,com$y4 ,,s*ool ,,sc5e ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,village ,,inn ,illu/ration3 ,johnsonian ,tav]n ,:5 ! :ole ( a =mal int]ior is set up 9 l9e & %ad[1 ! arti/ic "p ( ! "w comes 91 9 ! t9t+ & col\r+1 & imitat+ ( gold "w1 = h[ev] well drawn out su* a sc5e may be1 ! f9i%+ "w c be delicately beautiful or crudely co>se1 accord+ to ! pa9t]'s idea ( col\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,c\ntry ,,sc5e ,^! few simple col\r rules may be foll[$ ) advantage3-- ,engli% ,oak5 ,d9+-rooms3--,ri* br[n ) creamy :ites1 silv] & glass1 & blue pott]y4 ,italian ,halls & ,palaces3--,m>ble1 ) gold decorations1 black & :ite floor+1 palms1 heavy crimson drap]y4 ,go?ic ,b>onial ,halls3--,di/emp]$ walls1 r$ & black patt]ns1 ) a little gold1 :ite walls above frieze-rails1 d>k gre5 hang+s 9 doorways4 ,fr5* ,draw+-rooms3--,:ite & gold only1 or ) pale gre5 & rose-col\r$ panels4 ,cottages3--,limewa%$ walls1 black oak beams1 doors1 & o!r woodwork4 ,mod]n int]iors require no comm5t or directions4 ,,h&l+ ,,sc5]y ,?is is a side ( play production t on no acc\nt %\ld be treat$ z ( little mom5t1 or 9 ! frame ( m9d t feels #8x w be all "r on ! night1' = ap>t f ! possible dang] to life & limb f incompet5ce1 !re is also t exce$+ly irritat+ bus9ess1 ! long /age wait1 :i* is su* a common feature ( amateur !atricals4 ,x is ( c\rse be/1 if possible1 to enli/ ! s]vices ( regul> sc5e-%ift]s to manage ! v>i\s *anges4 ,if !re is difficulty 9 obta9+ pr(essional help1 volunte] assi/ance %\ld be prop]ly drill$ & rehe>s$1 & provision mu/ be made = ! managem5t & support ( ea* set1 or a griev\s muddle w be ! result4 ,illu/ration3 ,,prosc5ium ,illu/ration3 ,curta9 ,if a hall is hir$ :]e /age plays are (t5 pres5t$1 ! v>i\s appliances & fitt+s w be f\nd ready = use4 ,:]e a r\gh-&-ready plat=m is erect$1 ! amateur mu/ fix up 8 own4 ,! illu/rations we give %[ h[ v>i\s p>ts ( sc5]y are dealt ) 9 ! l>ge !atres1 & we leave ! aspirant to play production to adapt !m to ! necessities ( 8 small] space4 ,,back ,,clo?s ,on "s ( ! great /ages ^! are susp5d$ "o beh9d ! o!r1 cables run up ?r\gh ! grid ov] pulleys1 & are la%$ r\nd adjo9+ cross-pieces or cleats 7see illu/ration74 ,n[ !re is a space above ! clo? m ?an equal to ! dep? ( ! clo? itself1 s t :5 x is drawn up 7flat7 x disappe>s out ( sight & leaves ! piece beh9d completely expos$4 ,?is is n a possible me?od 9 a small production1 s ! v>i\s clo?s %\ld be atta*$ to roll]s & drawn up ) ropes1 l a simple w9d[-bl9d1 ! disadvantage naturally be+ t1 l a bl9d1 ! clo? w n always roll up /raight4 ,,flats ,a simple me?od is "h %[n = jo9+ two flats toge!r3 ! cord p]man5tly atta*$ to ! r+ ,a1 is ?r[n ov] ! hook ,b1 pull+ ! two edges ( ! frame tightly toge!r1 ! end ( ! cord !n be+ pass$ ?r\gh ! ne>e/ fix$ screw eye 9 ! /age & slip knott$ 7see illu/ration1 page #eb74 ,illu/ration3 ,/age ,illu/ration3 ,,engli% ,,oak5 ,,d9+ ,,room4 ,illu/ration3 ,curta9s ,illu/ration3 ,sc5e ,illu/ration3 ,,cut ,,tray ,,clo? ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,simple ,,cleat ,,= ,,sc5]y ,screw eye ,a on "o flat1 !n hook ,b on ! o!r4 ,cord is simply ?r[n ov] & ! flats drawn up toge!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,late/ ,,ext5sion ,,brace 7,,pat5t$7 ,! top end cat*es 9 a screw eye on to ! sc5e4 ,bottom ( brace is screw$ to ! floor by means ( a ?umb screw4 ,! c5tre slides up & d[n1 & fixes ) ?umb screw into any l5g? desir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,back ,,( ,,w+s ,%[+ frame & brac+ ,,supports ,,= ,,w+s ,,& ,,flats ,^! pieces %\ld h eyes screw$ 9 ! backs = engag+ hook$ rods :i* are unit$ to ! /age & act z supports4 ,"o illu/ration %[s ! simple =m ( ^! braces1 ! o!r %[s 9 work+ detail a pat5t$ ext5d+ brace :i* is design$ to deal ) any piece ( sc5]y t may come to h&1 = by loos5+ ! ?umb-screws at ! jo9t ! brace c be %ort5$ or l5g!n$ to enable ! hook$ top to cat* 9 ! fix$ eye on ! flat1 etc41 at any angle4 ,,to ,,erect ,a ,,plat=m ,!re are z _m ways ( build+ a plat=m z !re are ( build+ a h\se1 b 9 bo? cases ! great ess5tial is t ! f9i%$ /ructure %all n collapse1 & at lea/ %all /& fair usage4 ,! me?od %[n 9 ! diagrams may seem some:at elaborate = a back draw+-room1 b x is safe ov] a small or a l>ge area1 ev5 us+ ! same sections4 ,l ! #8book-case1' x gr[s ) y\r aspirations2 y simply require m tressels & m plat=m sections1 & y c\ld ext5d y\r plat=m ov] an acre1 if s desir+4 ,! tressels are rectangul> frames ( #b by #b 94 wood1 ) /ruts 9 ! c5tre1 #e or #f ft4 long by #c ft4 to #c ft4 #f 94 high2 ! ties are long pieces ( #c by #b 94 wood1 hol$ at int]vals = bolt4 ,! floor+ is simply a numb] ( planks nail$ on a #d by #b 94 wood frame1 & hav+ /r5g!n+ joi/s at int]vals 7see draw+74 ,^! floor+s c be ( ! mo/ conv5i5t size = /or+1 z !y only =m sections ( a :ole4 ,illu/ration3 ,h[ to put tressels toge!r ready = plat=m ,portion ( ,plat=m ready made up ,sket* ,view ( ,plat=m erect$ or ready = /age ,be+ provid$ ) ! necess>y numb] ( pieces y comm5ce to build ! plat=m by spac+ out ! tressels & fix+ ! tie-b>s to !m by means ( ?umb-screws2 ! tressels %\ld also be bolt$ toge!r end to end4 ,?is n[ =ms a firm f\ndation = reception ( ! floor+4 ,! sections are laid 9 position1 & %\ld be bolt$ ?r\gh _! out] frames to ea* o!r1 s t !y =m actually "o piece4 ,atta* brackets = a curta9-rod to ! front & sides1 & provide a %eet-iron box1 ) "o side away = y\r footlights1 pa9t black outside & :ite 91 & /r+ a safety wire ! :ole l5g?4 ,! plat=m is n[ ready = ! erection ( a /age4 ,! triangul> feet 9 ! draw+ ( ! tressels c be disp5s$ ) 9 mo/ cases1 b !y entirely obviate any t5d5cy ( ! /ructure to rock f back to front if ! tressels' bolt holes 7 loose1 = in/ance4 ,,build+ ,,! ,,/age ,! prelim9>y rem>ks to ! plat=m in/ructions apply "h also4 ,!re are _m1 _m ways4 ,x is obvi\s t a s*eme = a #ab ft4 by #h ft4 w be useless = a #dj ft4 by #cj ft4 /age4 ,9 ! latt] case1 x w\ld be necess>y to use a sy/em ( brac+ & cross-tie+ :i* w\ld be sup]flu\s 9 ! =m]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plan ,! illu/ration gives an example ( a /age ) a #ae to #bj ft4 op5+ = erection on su* a plat=m z describ$ 9 ?is book4 ,! ma9 supports are f\r ladd]s3 two long ones to rea* ! gr\nd at ! back1 & two %ort ones :i* /& on ! plat=m & h pegs to drop into correspond+ holes4 ,! back ladd]s by /&+ on ! floor ( ! room or hall get a /eady support & also a be>+ aga9/ ! back ( ! plat=m1 ?us /eady+ ! :ole /ructure ( ! /age4 ,if ! foot ( ^! ladd]s may n be screw$ d[n1 !y %\ld be /rongly la%$ to ! back tressels ( ! plat=m4 ,across ! back ( ! /age !re is a /rong tie-b>1 & ! same at ! front1 b ?is latt] ext5ds "s way beyond ! ladd]s & acts z a support = a curta9-rod1 ! curta91 ( c\rse1 be+ necess>y to obscure ! w+s f ! sight ( ! audi5ce4 ,on ! top back to front ties a numb] ( pegs are requir$ = back clo? & sky bord] batt5s to drop ov] accord+ to arrangem5t want$4 ,9 ! und]side ( ^! beams d\ble blocks ( wood =m slides = ! w+s4 ,^! %\ld swivel to enable ! w+s to be adju/$ to any angle4 ,if x is necess>y to make ! curta9 beams 9 two or m pieces1 ! socket jo9ts %\ld be made close to upright supports to r$uce ! sagg+ /ra94 ,iron tie-rods1 z %[n 9 ! draw+1 c]ta9ly /iff5 ! two sides ( ! /age1 & c be adju/$ accurately1 b !y %\ld be kept cle> ( head1 & are apt to ob/ruct passage ( prop]ties1 sc5]y1 etc4 ,!re mu/ be "s disabilities1 h[ev]1 ) a tempor>y /age4 ,:5 ! skeleton is 9 place1 x is only necess>y to mask ! front ) a pa9t$ prosc5ium1 hang+ curta9s "r & left & above1 ?us entirely %utt+ out ! audi5ce :5 ! curta9 is dropp$4 ,! arrangem5ts = rais+ & l[]+ act drops1 back clo?s1 curta9s1 etc41 are describ$ & illu/rat$ else:]e4 ,,/age ,,effects ,!re are few plays produc$ 9 :i* a /age #8effect' ( "s k9d is n requir$4 ,! foll[+ explanations ( h[ ^! effects are produc$ w be f\nd q reliable1 b ! amateur /age manag] w d well to be> 9 m9d t ea* effect mu/ be produc$ %ortly be=e x is actually ne$$4 ,?us1 if ! /age direction says1 #8,horses he>d )\t1' x w n d to wait until ! *>act]s on ! /age h rea*$ ! po9t 9 ! dialogue4 ,o!rwise1 h[ev] good ! /age effect may be f a practical po9t ( view1 x w seem absurd1 because x w appe> to ! audi5ce to h be5 dragg$ 9 j :5 x 0 requir$4 ,possibly someone may say to ?is3 #8,b ! audi5ce "k t ! effect is n real2 !y "k t 9 reality !re are no horses )\t2 :y be s p>ticul>8' ,illu/ration3 ,,draw+-,,room4 ,illu/ration3 ,old ,engli% ,furniture ,jacobean & ,georgian ,to ?is ,i reply3 #8,if ! /age manag] & ! actors "k _! bus9ess !y w make ! audi5ce =get = ! "t t ! ?+s !y see & he> are n 8real40' ,if ! play is produc$ & act$ well ev]y?+ w seem to be s p]fectly natural t1 = a "t at any rate1 ! audi5ce w =get t !y are look+ at a play2 t is to say1 !y w =get ! artificiality ( x all4 ,x is by att5tion to ! smalle/ details ( ! production ( a play t ! /age manag] w succe$ at 8 "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,limelight ,,boxes ,illu/ration3 ,! col\rs are obta9$ by means ( ,%eets ( ,gelat9e4 ,= in/ance1 :o has n se5 at an amateur production ( a play a man com+ 9 f a long c\ntry walk--accord+ to ! play--we>+ boots t _h obvi\sly j be5 clean$8 ,or a man walk+ 9 f a sn[/orm 9 an ov]coat t 0 p]fectly dry8 ,x is ! amateur's inatt5tion to little details ( t k9d t makes an audi5ce smile indulg5tly at ! /age picture4 ,!y say to !mselves3 #8,aft] all1 !y are only amateurs & we mu/ make all[ances4' ,b !re %\ld be no ne$ = su* indulg5ce4 ,a company ( amateurs may n be able to succe$ 9 play+ a drama ) all ! skill ( pr(essionals1 b !re is no reason :y _! /age managem5t %\ld n be #8clean' & sm>t1 because1 aft] all1 :5 once y h ! k1 ! production ( /age effects is m]ely a matt] ( common s5se4 ,! man walk+ 9 f a sn[/orm %\ld h a little common salt laid on ! %\ld]s ( 8 ov]coat j be=e he ent]s1 & 8 boots %\ld be #8made up' muddy4 ,:5 he removes 8 ov]coat ! #8sn[' falls away & app>5tly melts--:i*1 ( c\rse1 is j :at real sn[ does :5 a little is br\ght into a w>m room4 ,! w9d[s ( a /age are usually ! amateur's bugbe>--or r "o ( 8 _m bugbe>s4 ,i h kn[n an amateur to op5 a w9d[ ( a h\se 9 a busy ,london /reet--accord+ to ! /age directions ( ! play--&1 save = ! fact t ! audi5ce has se5 ! w9d[ op5$1 !re has be5 no attempt to deceive _! s5se ( he>+2 :]eas1 ev]yone %\ld "k t if y op5 a w9d[ ( a h\se 9 a busy ,london /reet y naturally he> ! s\nd ( traffic4 ,illu/ration3 ,,int]ior ,,( ,,ann ,,ha?away',s ,,cottage1 ,,/rat=d-,,on-,,avon4 ,?anks to motor c>s ?is s\nd ( traffic is easily produc$ on ! /age4 ,two or ?ree motor horns w produce "s ( ! s\nds ) :i* p are famili>1 b to get ! "r effect ! m5 us+ ! horns mu/ retire f ! w9d[2 inde$1 "o ( ! horns %\ld be "s di/ance f x 9 ! fir/ place4 ,! only way to get ?is effect ( di/ance is to /& 9 ! auditorium & h ! horns s\nd$ f diff]5t places beh9d ! sc5es4 ,,horses #8,,(f' ,! s\nd ( horses trott+ up to ! imag9>y road outside ! imag9>y h\se ( /age-l& is easily produc$4 ,! man ^: bus9ess x is to produce ?is s\nd has a c\ple ( wood5 blocks1 ea* fitt$ ) a %ort b& ( webb+1 into :i* he slips 8 h&s4 ,! blocks are knock$ on a bo>d plac$ on ! floor ( ! /age1 & :5 ! horses are suppos$ to be v ne> ! sc5e ! bo>d is disc>d$ & ! wood5 blocks are knock$ on a slab ( slate or m>ble4 ,"s m5 pref] to use cocoanut %ells in/ead ( ! blocks ( wood2 ! %ells1 :i* mu/ be cut or gr\nd flat1 give a bett] r+ to ! s\nd4 ,! illu/ration w %[ h[ ! blocks or %ells are h&l$4 ,a ,,?und] ,,/orm ,a ?und] /orm is imitat$ by ! s\nds ( w9d1 ra9 & ?und] comb9$4 ,! ?und] is produc$ f a %eet iron hung f ! flies4 ,at ! bottom ( x !re is a h&le :i* ! ?und]-mak] grasps4 ,he %akes ! %eet z well z he c1 & a s\nd ( boom+ ?und] is he>d 9 ! auditorium4 ,illu/ration3 ,a ,?und] ,%eet4 ,! ,gallop+ ,/e$ ,,heavy ,,ra9 ,illu/ration3 ,ra9 ,box4 ,w9d produc+ ,drum4 ,! s\nd ( ra9 is produc$ by means ( a ra9 box1 fa%ion$ 9 ! foll[+ way4 ,two uprights are fix$ on a common base & a l>ge oblong box is fix$ betwe5 !m by means ( a c\ple ( pivots 9 its sides4 ,?is box is fill$ ) small /ones & ! ra9-produc] /&s at "o end ( ! box & moves x up & d[n1 ?us tilt+ ! /ones to & fro 9 ! box4 ,/range z x w appe> to anyone n 9 ! secret1 ?is mov+ ( small /ones 9 a box produces ! s\nd ( heavy ra9 to ^? sitt+ 9 ! auditorium4 ,( c\rse1 if ra9 is to be se5 on ! /age x may be ! real ?+--s f> z ! wat] is conc]n$--b x is seldom ne$$1 & !n only = a few seconds2 9 any case1 a play t ne$s su* an elaborate effect w probably n be look$ ^u ) fav\r by any company ( amateur play]s4 ,,/age ,,sn[ ,! #8sn[' t falls on a /age is :ite pap]2 if a sn[ sc5e is requir$ ! blocks ( sn[ may be pa9t$ canvas or may be blocks ( rock salt4 ,! sn[ t is to fall 9 a pretty sn[/orm effect is ga!r$ up 9 a l>ge clo? ) slits 9 x4 ,?is clo? is held 9 ! flies by two m51 :o move x1 9 a rock+ motion1 backw>ds & =w>ds1 s ! pap] is caus$ to fall ?r\gh ! slits 9 ! clo? to ! /age bel[4 ,t is "o me?od4 ,ano!r way is to h ! #8sn[' ga!r$ up 9 a long frame ( wire nett+--some?+ l an inv]t$ #8pea net'--& ?is is fix$ 9 ! flies & rock$ g5tly backw>ds & =w>ds4 ,) ea* =w>d movem5t "s ( ! pap] escapes & ! effect ( fall+ sn[ is produc$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,roll+ ,,sn[ ,,clo? ,,ov] ,,grid ,sn[ is mo/ly want$ = melodramas & pantomimes1 & z ! runs ( ^! pieces are always consid]able ! sn[ is us$ ov] & ov] aga94 ,x is usually swept up ) a broom & c>ri$ up/airs aga9 9 pails1 b if ?is plan is n practicable--ow+ to ! *ang+ ( a sc5e1--! sn[ is ga!r$ up by an army ( m5 ) fans4 ,!y b5d d[n close to ! /age & fan ! pap] away into a corn]4 ,:i* ev] arrangem5t is us$ ! amateur /age manag] w\ld d well to rememb] t if ! audi5ce are all[$ to see a few pieces ( ! /age sn[ ly+ ab\t ! /age aft] ! sn[ /orm ! illusion is spoil$4 ,i h frequ5tly se5 ?is bad1 c>eless mi/ake made at good !atres4 ,,w9dy ,,wea!r ,illu/ration3 ,,newe/ ,,w9d ,,ma*9e ,/age w9d is produc$ by means ( a l>ge drum or :eel made ( slats ( wood1 ) ab\t ?ree in*es ( space betwe5 ! slats4 ,?is drum is fa/5$ to two uprights & has a l>ge h&le atta*$ to ! c5tre1 s t x c be turn$ r\nd & r\nd v easily4 ,above ! drum is fix$ a /\t rod1 f :i* hangs a l>ge piece ( moir silk4 ,?is silk hangs ov] ! drum1 & :5 ! drum is turn$ ! s\nd made by ! slats ( wood t\*+ ! silk produces ! s\nd ( w9d4 ,! illu/rations %[ h[ ! appliance c be made4 ,,rippl+ ,,waves ,! effect ( rippl+ waves is produc$ by means ( a specially prep>$ back clo?4 ,?is has a numb] ( slits cut 9 x 7see illu/ration74 ,beh9d ! back clo? is a ma*9e consi/+ ( two uprights1 ) a roll]-bl9d atta*m5t at ! top1 b 9 place ( ! bl9d !re is a l>ge %eet ( ,am]ican clo? p]=at$ 9 ! way %[n 9 ! illu/ration4 ,betwe5 ?is ,am]ican clo? & ! back clo? on ! /age is a %eet ( prep>$ gauze4 ,?is is necess>y1 because ! /rong light :i* is us$ to produce ! effect ( rippl+ waves mu/ be diffus$4 ,! light is t ( a /rong #8lime' plac$ at ! back ( ! ,am]ican clo?4 ,n[ if ! ,am]ican clo? is pull$ up & d[n by means ( ! roll] on ! upright1 ! effect ( rippl+ waves is produc$ :5 "o looks at ! back clo? #8f ! front4' ,,me*anical ,,s\nd ,,produc]s ,! cont9u$ success ( motion pictures z an ent]ta9m5t has made x necess>y t "s ( ! "t-hon\r$ me?ods ( produc+ /age effects1 %\ld be replac$ ) in/rum5ts m adaptable to ! limit$ space ( c9ematograph !atres4 ,!re is no room = in/ance = a ?und] %eet 9 ! op]ator's box1 or beside ! piani/4 ,incid5tally ! legitimate /age is also ! ga9]4 ,illu/ration3 #8,,rippl+ ,,waves' ,! foll[+ devices "h illu/rat$ are ! inv5tion ( ,mr ,a4 ,h4 ,moorh\se ( ,/alybridge4 ,illu/ration3 ,,fig #a ,,fig #b ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #c4 ,9 ! fir/1 ,figs4 #a & #b1 we h an in/rum5t = imitat+ ! trott+ horses :i* c be tun$ to any spe$ or /r5g?4 ,a numb] ( cups are us$4 #8,a' "o fitt+ ov] ! o!r & connect$ by a spr+ #8,b4' ,! top cup has cuts r\nd ! edge to let ! s\nd out4 ,by turn+ ! h&le :i* has ! tappets ,c#a & ,c#b m\nt$ on its %aft1 ! top cup is ?r[n (f ! o!r 7see ,fig4 #b7 until ! tappet ,c cle>s :5 x 7! cup7 returns mak+ ! necess>y s\nd4 ,n[ ea* tappet c be set on ! %aft at a diff]5t angle1 s t ! cups op5 & %ut "o aft] ! o!r1 ?us produc+ a cont9u\s trott+ effect4 ,9 ord] to obta9 di/ance effects ! inv5tor has provid$ a foot lev] by press+ :i* ! plat=m ( ! l[] cups is ?r[n out ( ! v]tical1 ?us ! tappet only p>tially /rikes ! top cup & ! s\nd is consequ5tly mu* fa9t]1 b z ! lev] is gradually releas$ ! trott+ increases 9 int5sity4 ,by hav+ a susp5d$ rod ( sleigh-bells1 ) spr+ projections = ! tappets to /rike1 effects ( mov+ vehicles c be obta9$4 ,! second draw+ 7,fig4 #c7 %[s a drum fitt$ up = produc+ a v>iety ( s\nd effects4 #8,m' is a k9d ( apron ( wov5 wire1 :i* is w\nd on a drum #8,p' by means ( ! h&le %[n4 ,:5 ! drum is /ruck ! sk9 on return+ /rikes ! mat ) a %>p crack or bang1 a s\nd resembl+ ! fir+ ( heavy artill]y4 ,by w9d+ up ! mat on its roll] ! s\nd c be increas$ or decreas$ z desir$4 ,on ano!r "p ( ! drum #8,r' is an in/rum5t = produc+ ! effect ( a motor c> travell+ at v>i\s spe$s4 ,?is c be atta*$ to clock-"w me*anism in/ead ( us+ ! h&le or lev]4 ,! h&le c also be us$ = work+ ! valve ,s 7compress$ air is admitt$ to ! cas+s & c be made to op]ate on ! v>i\s in/rum5t ,v = produc+ imitations ( w9d1 :i/les1 sir5s1 horns1 or any s\nd produc]7 t is atta*$ to ! valve4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes ,typos fix$2 non-/&>d spell+ & dialect reta9$4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4