,introduction to ! textual criticism ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t ,,!ological ,,translation ,,libr>y ,,vol4 ,,xiii4 ,,ne/le',s ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,textual ,,criticism ,,( ,,! ,,greek ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,textual ,,criticism ,,( ,,! ,,greek ,,new ,,te/am5t ,,by ,,eb]h>d ,,ne/le1 ,,ph4 ,,& ,,?4,d4 ,,maulbronn ,,translat$ ,,f ,,! ,,second ,,edition 7,) ,corrections & ,additions by ! ,au?or7 ,,by ,,william ,,edie1 ,b4,d4 ,,k+ ,,edw>d ,,& ,,edit$ ,,) ,a ,,preface ,,by ,,allan ,,m5zies1 ,d4,d4 ,,pr(essor ,,( ,,div9ity ,,& ,,biblical ,,criticism ,,9 ,,! ,,univ]sity ,,( ,,/4 ,,&rews ,,williams ,,& ,,norgate #ad ,,h5rietta ,,/reet1 ,,cov5t ,,g>d51 ,,london #bj ,,s\? ,,fr$]ick ,,/reet1 ,,ed9burgh ,,& #g ,,broad ,,/reet1 ,,ox=d ,,new ,,york3 ,g4 ,p4 ,,putnam',s ,,sons #aija ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,neill ,,& ,,company ,,limit$ ,,bellevue1 ,,ed9burgh ,,editor',s ,,preface4 ,pr(essor ,eb]h>d ,ne/le ( ,maulbronn is "o ( ! di/+ui%$ company ( philologi/s :o h 9 rec5t ye>s direct$ _! att5tion to ! /udy ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,he is by no means a /rang] 9 ?is c\ntry4 ,read]s ( ! ,expositor & ! ,expository ,times are famili> ) 8 "n1 & are accu/om$ to receive f him orig9al & indep5d5t discussions ( ,new ,te/am5t textual problems4 ,he is consult$ by s*ol>s bo? 9 ?is c\ntry & on ! ,cont95t on que/ions ( ,aramaic & ,syriac s*ol>%ip1 & has contribut$1 9 ! way ( criticism & c>eful pro( read+1 to _m important publications ( ,engli% s*ol>s1 su* z ,pr(essor ,swete's edition ( ! ,septuag9t1#a ! publications ( ,mrs4 ,lewis & ,mrs4 ,gibson 7,! ,s9aitic ,palimpse/1 etc471 & ! ,gospel ( ! ,twelve ,apo/les rec5tly publi%$ by ,pr(essor ,r5del ,h>ris4 ,! read]s ( ?is volume may be glad to "k a little m ( its au?or4 ,a native ( ,wrttemb]g1 he 0 educat$ at ! ,gymnasium ( ,/uttg>t & !n at ! ,!ological ,sem9>y ( ,blaubeur51 ! latt] be+ "o ( ! f\r old cloi/] s*ools ( ,wrttemb]g1 9 :i*1 f> f ! di/ractions ( l>ge t[ns1 a ?or\gh philological tra9+ is provid$ = ! future cl]gy ( t k+dom4 ,x 0 z 8,praeceptor0 ( "o ( ^! s*ools t ,albre*t ,b5gel1 t great textual critic & unaffect$ly pi\s man1 sp5t ! be/ "p ( 8 life1 & 9 8 ,m>g9ali5 und ,mat]iali5 ,dr4 ,ne/le gives an int]e/+ acc\nt ( ,b5gel z a s*ol>1 & describes ! /udies ( ! s*ool ov] :i* he presid$4 ,our au?or /udi$ div9ity & ori5tal languages at ! ,univ]sities ( ,tb+5 & ,leipzig1 & consid]s x "o ( ! happy disp5sations ( 8 life t he 0 p]mitt$ to live 9 ,engl& = two ye>s1 work+ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum & prea*+ to ,g]man congregations 9 ,london4 ,he 0 !n ,repet5t or ,tutor at ! ,!ological ,sem9>y ( ,tb+51 &1 aft] a %ort p]iod ( "w z a prea*]1 0 call$ to ! ,gymnasium ( ,ulm to tea* ,greek1 ,g]man1 ,hebrew1 & ,religion4 ,= two ye>s he fill$ ! vacant pr(essor%ip ( ,semitic languages at ! ,univ]sity ( ,tb+51 b1 n be+ appo9t$ to ! *air1 he return$ to ,ulm4 ,f !re he mov$ to ! ,sem9>y at ,maulbronn1 :i* (f]$ bett] opportunities = comb9$ philological & !ological /udies4 ,dr4 ,ne/le's pr9cipal works are3--,die israelitis*5 ,eig5nam5 na* ihr] religionsges*i*tli*5 ,b$eutung 7,prop] ,names 9 ,israel3 _! significance = ! hi/ory ( religion71 ! ,prize ,essay ( ! ,leid5 ,tyl] ,society1 #ahgf4 ,an e>li] ,prize ,essay at ,tb+5 on ! ,septuag9t & ,massorah ( ,ezekiel 0 also successful1 b 0 n publi%$4 ,psalt]ium ,tetraglottum 7,graece1 ,syriace1 ,*aldaice1 ,lat9e71 #ahgi4 ,six? & ,sev5? ,editions ( ,tis*5dorf's ,septuag9t 7) new collation ( ,codices ,vaticanus1 ,s9aiticus1 & ,alex&r9us7 #ahhj1 #ahhg4 ,septuag9ta/udi51 i4-iii41 #ahhf1 #ahif1 #ahih4 ,syriac ,gramm> 7,lat91 #ahha2 ,g]man1 #ahhh2 ,engli%1 #ahhi74 ,novi ,te/am5ti ,graeci ,supplem5tum1 #ahif 7,collation ( ,codex ,bezae3 ,apocryphal ,gospels74 ,philologica ,sacra1 #ahif4 ,m9or publications collect$ 9 ,m>g9ali5 und ,mat]iali51 #ahic4 ,edition ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t = ! ,/uttg>t ,bible ,society1 #ahih1 ( :i* a ?ird edition is n[ 9 prep>ation4 ,num]\s contributions to !ological & lit]>y ,j\rnals 7,jahrb*] fr deuts*e ,!ologie1 ,/udi5 und ,kritik51 ,!ologis*e ,lit]aturzeitung1 ,lit]>is*es ,c5tralblatt7 & to ,h]zog-,hauck1 ,encyklopdie fr ,prote/antis*e ,!ologie4 ,! ,introduction n[ br\ght be=e ! ,engli% public 9 ,mr4 ,edie's translation is ?us ! "w ( "o :o is1 & has long be51 actively engag$ 9 ! /udies belong+ to sev]al p>ts ( ! great subject ( ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & :o possesses an exact & practis$ k ( ! words ( ! sacr$ books ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,! pres5t manual accord+ly %[s ! in/rum5ts ( criticism 9 actual op]ation 9 ! h&s ( a ma/]4 ,x 0 meant orig9ally = ! ,gs*5-,sammlung1 a collection ( small manuals = ! g5]al public1 & arose out ( ! wi% ( ! au?or to tell 8 pupils ) :om he read ! ,greek ,te/am5t1 z well z o!rs1 m ab\t ! hi/ory ( ! ,new ,te/am5t text ?an 0 at ! "t g5]ally accessible4 ,! h&book 0 br\ght out by ! !ological publi%]s ,v&5hoeck & ,rupre*t1 lit]>y ref]5ces be+ !n add$ to fit x = use by /ud5ts ( !ology4 ,x met ) a w>m welcome f su* read]s1 & ! second edition 0 l>gely reca/ s z to meet /ill fur!r ! purposes ( /ud5ts4 ,! long exp]i5ce ( ,pr(essor ,ne/le z a tea*] ( y\ng] pupils has no d\bt enabl$ him to pres5t ! subject s cle>ly t 8 book may f9d fav\r 9 ! eyes ( ! g5]al read]1 & comm5d itself to all :o c>e = ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! abs5ce ( !ological bias w n be ?\ght by any wise judge a disadvantage 9 a "w ( ?is "*4 ,x w be obs]v$ t ,pr(essor ,ne/le does n reg>d ! texts rec5tly =m$ by great s*ol>s z con/itut+1 ei!r s+ly or jo9tly1 a ,textus ,receptus 9 view ( :i* textual enquiry may n[ desi/ f its lab\rs1 b t he believes t mu* is /ill to be le>n$ ab\t ! text bo? ( ! ,gospels & ( ! o!r books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,?is translation1 z ! title-page indicates1 has be5 made f ! second1 enl>g$1 edition1 & ! au?or has k9dly furni%$ v>i\s corrections & additions1 br++ ! book 9 its ,engli% =m up to date4 ,"s additional ref]5ces to ,engli% books & p]iodicals h be5 ins]t$ by ! translator4 ,a4 ,m4 ,footnote #a3 ,see ! ,d$ication to ,dr4 ,ne/le ( ,pr(essor ,swete's ,introduction to ! ,old ,te/am5t 9 ,greek1 j publi%$4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,hi/ory ( ! ,pr9t$ ,text s9ce #aead1 444444 #a-bg ,complut5sian ,polyglot--,aldus--,erasmus--,collection s ( editions--,lit]ature--,fir/ critical edition3 ,col9aeus--,/eph5--,v]se division--,beza--,polyglots3 ,antw]p3 ,p>is3 ,london--,elzevir--,textus ,receptus--,critical attempts3 ,c>yophilus3 ,c\rcelles3 ,saub]t3 ,simon--,mill--,to9>d--,b5tley--,g]h>d von ,mae/ri*t--,b5gel--,wett/e9--,griesba*-- ,mat?aei--,bir*--,mold5hau]--,adl]--,s*o lz--,la*mann-- ,tis*5dorf--,tregelles--,we/cott & ,hort3 _! types ( text--,weym\?--,b4 ,weiss--von ,gebh>dt--,/uttg>t ,new ,te/am5t--,s*jtt--,baljon--,ca?olic editions3 ,gratz--van ,ess--,gehr+]--,patricius--,jaumann--,re i?may]--,hetz5au]--,br&s*eid--,apocrypha & ,pseudepigrapha4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,mat]ials ( ! ,textual ,criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 444444 #bh-aee ,autographs--,manuscripts--,v]sions--,qu otations--,numb] ( ,manuscripts--,uncial & ,cursive ,script--,age--,mat]ial--,scriptio cont9ua-- ,acc5tuation--,/i*ometry--,palimpse/s--, punctuation--,size-- ,cont5ts--,lection>ies--,p>*m5t--,ink--, papyrus--,pap]--,p5--,manuscripts de luxe--,illu/ration--,uncials3 ( ! :ole ,new ,te/am5t3 ( ! ,gospels3 ( ! ,acts & ,ca?olic ,epi/les3 ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les3 ( ! ,apocalypse--,m9uscules--,f]r> ,gr\p--,lection>ies--,v]sions3 ,syriac3 ,pe%itto3 ,curetonian3 ,lewis3 ,tatian3 ,philox5ian3 ,h>klean3 ,gwynn3 ,j]usalem3 ,lit]ature ( ,syriac ,v]sions--,lat9 ,v]sions3 ,old ,lat9 manuscripts3 ,fa!rs3 ,! ,vulgate3 ,j]ome3 ,alcu93 ,!odulf3 ,h>d+3 ,correctoria ,bibliorum3 ,maz>9 ,bible3 ,sixt9e & ,clem5t9e ,vulgate--,egyptian ,v]sions3 ,bohairic3 ,sahidic3 ,middle ,egyptian--,go?ic--,e?iopic--,arm5ian--, georgian--,arabic--,patri/ic ,quotations4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,!ory & ,praxis ( ! ,textual ,criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 444444 #aef-bdf ,task & me?od--,int]nal criticism--,conjecture--,eclectic me?od--,g5ealogical me?od--,ext]nal te/imony--,lucian3 8 relation to ! ,pe%itto--,hesy*ius3 ,codex ,b--,eusebius3 ,pamphilus3 ,orig53 ,eu?alius3 ,evagrius3 ,a?os manuscript--,lat] revis]s--,pre-,orig5ic texts--,h]etics3 ,artemonites1 ,m>cosians1 ,basilides1 ,noetus1 ,val5t9ians1 ,gno/ics1 ,m>cionites1 ,arians--,m>cion3 8 relation to ! ,we/]n text--,tatian3 "q z to a ,greek ,h>mony3 8 relation to ! ,we/]n text--,! ,we/]n text3 !ory ( ,blass3 ! ,lucan writ+s 9 ,codex ,bezae3 conclusion ( ,luke's ,gospel3 ! ,apo/olic ,decree--,rules ( ,textual criticism3 s\rces ( error3 illegibility3 homoioteleuton3 transposition ( lett]s & words3 itacism3 sub/itution ( synonym\s t]ms3 additions3 consci\s alt]ations3 /yli/ic1 liturgic1 & dogmatic *anges3 critical canons3 prop] names3 textus brevior--,conclusion4 ,critical ,notes on ,v>i\s ,passages ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 444444 #bdg-cce ,app5dix ,i4 ,li/ ( ,greek & ,lat9 ,writ]s1 444444 #ccf ,app5dix ,,ii4 ,li/ ( ,passages ref]r+ to 1 444444 #cdj ,index ( ,subjects1 444444 #cdc ,index ( ,new ,te/am5t ,passages ref]r$ to1 444444 #cej ,,abbreviations4 ,! symbols us$ to indicate ! v>i\s manuscripts & v]sions w be f\nd 9 ! *apt] on ,mat]ials4 ,! /ud5t w comp>e ! ,notes 9 ,tis*5dorf's ,edito octava m9or & ! ,index 9 ! ,octava maior1 vol4 iii4 ,! foll[+ contractions are employ$ 9 ! c\rse ( ?is "w3-- ,,gga4 ,gtt+] gelehrte ,anzeig54 ,,gk4 ,zahn's ,ges*i*te des neute/am5tli*5 ,kanons4 ,see p4 #aif n4 #b4 ,l,cbl4 ,lit]>is*es ,c5tralblatt4 ,,pre4 ,prote/antis*e ,real-,encyklopdie4 ,see p4 #g4 ,th,lbl4 ,!ologis*es ,lit]aturblatt4 ,th,lz4 ,!ologis*e ,lit]aturzeitung4 ,th,st,kr4 ,!ologis*e ,/udi5 und ,kritik54 ,ti,gr4 ,tis*5dorf's ,n4,t4 ,graece1 editio octava maior1 vol4 iii4 ,see p4 #f4 ,,tu4 ,texte und ,unt]su*ung54 ,urt4 ,urtext und ,ueb]setzung5 d] ,bibel4 ,see p4 #f4 ,w-,h4 ,we/cott & ,hort4 ,see p4 #ba4 ,w-,w4 ,wordswor? & ,:ite4 ,see pp4 #abc1 #aca4 ,zdm,g4 ,zeits*rift d] morg5lndis*5 ,gesells*aft4 ,zfd,phil4 ,zeits*rift fr deuts*e ,philologie4 ,zfw,th4 ,zeits*rift fr wiss5s*aftli*e ,!ologie4 ,,add5da4 ,page #f4 ,to ! ,lit]ature add3 ,regg1 ,die neute/am5tli*e ,textkritik seit ,la*mann1 ,zuri*1 #ahib4 ,page #gd4 ,two fragm5ts ( ,n4,t4 text h be5 publi%$ by ,gr5fell & ,hunt 9 ,! ,amh]/ ,papyri1 ,"p ,i43 ,! ,asc5sion ( ,isaiah & o!r !ological fragm5ts 7,london1 #aijj74 ,! fir/ consi/s ( ,hebrews i4 #a1 writt51 along ) ,g5esis i4 #a1 9 a small uncial h& ( ! late ?ird1 or m probably e>ly f\r?1 c5tury at ! top ( a papyrus leaf conta9+ a lett] f ,rome4 ,! v]se f ! ,n4,t4 exhibits ! read+ 1 :i* is n f\nd 9 any ( ! manuscripts4 ,! o!r fragm5t consi/s ( ,acts ii4 #aa-bb ) lacunae1 writt5 on vellum & dat+ app>5tly f ab\t ! fif? or six? c5tury4 ,x conta9s a few s+ul> read+s su* z3 7v]se #ab7 2 7#ac7 1 :i* is practically ! read+ ( ,d1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t ,d has ! comp\nd v]b 2 7#ad7 1 app>5tly2 7#ag7 ) ,b in/ead ( 1 & also1 app>5tly1 ) ! textus receptus2 7#bj7 ) ! textus receptus2 7#ba7 ) ! textus receptus4 ,page #ia4 ,add3 ,j4 ,r4 ,h>ris1 ,fur!r ,rese>*es into ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,f]r> ,gr\p1 #aijj4 ,page #ajf 7#e74 ,add3 ,hilg5feld1 ,?omas von ,h]aklea und die ,apo/elges*i*te1 9 ! ,zfw,th41 #aijj1 #c4 ,page #acg4 ,add3 ,=bes ,rob9son1 ,coptic ,apocryphal ,gospels1 9 ,texts & ,/udies1 iv4 #b1 #ahif4 ,page #aci4 ,to ,kauffmann's ,beitrge mu/ n[ be add$3 v4 ,d] codex ,brixianus 7,zfd,phil4 xxxii4 pp4 #cje-cce74 ,9 ?is important contribution ,kauffmann corroborates ! view express$ by ,burkitt 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 i4 pp4 #abi-acd1 t ,wordswor? & ,:ite 7 mi/ak5 9 reg>d+ ! text ( codex ,brixianus 7f7 z a rec5sion ( ! ,old ,lat9 closely alli$ to ,j]ome's revision4 ,burkitt holds t ! text ( ,brixianus 0 correct$ f ! ,vulgate1 & aft]w>ds alt]$ 9 con=mity ) ! ,go?ic4 ,! only diff]5ce betwe5 ,burkitt & ,kauffmann is t ! latt] believes t ! text ( ,brixianus 0 d]iv$ f an e>li] ,lat9 manuscript :i* _h be5 alt]$ 9 con=mity ) ! ,go?ic1 & t x 0 aft]w>ds assimilat$ to ! ,vulgate4 ,?is view mu/ also be not$ 9 connection ) ! ,old ,lat9 codex gue 7see p4 #aah74 ,= an example ( ! connection betwe5 ,brixianus & ! ,go?ic see ! note to p4 #bhi1 bel[4 ,page #afb4 ,add3 7#i7 ,john1 ,luke1 ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 9 cod4 m94 #ij4 ,page #bhi4 ,john vii4 #ae4 ,= f "h reads turbae1 :i* is int]e/+ z agree+ ) ! ,go?ic1 :i* has manageius4 ,comp>e ! view ( ,burkitt & ,kauffmann 9 ! note to p4 #aci above4 ,! v>iant is n m5tion$ 9 ,tis*5dorf4 ,,*apt] ,i4 ,,hi/ory ,,( ,,! ,,pr9t$ ,,text ,,s9ce #aead4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,?r\gh\t ?is book1 sup]scripts & subscripts are us$ = v>i\s purposes4 ,sup]scripts aft] ! titles ( books indicate edition numb]s4 ,sup]scripts aft] ! symbols = manuscript gr\ps are us$ to "n memb]s ( ! gr\p4 ,subscripts are also us$ = di/+ui%+ docum5ts4 ,9 ?is text v]sion1 sup]scripts are indicat$ ) ! c>et symbol3 4 ,a s+le-"* sup]script w be %[n z text#a2 a multiple-"* sup]script w be wrapp$ 9 brackets3 text#a1 #b1 textabc4 ,subscripts are indicat$ ) ! und]score1 foll[$ by ! subscript text wrapp$ 9 brackets3 text#a4 ,! a/]isk1 991 is (t5 us$ z "p ( ! "n ( a manuscript4 ,!re are also "s in/ances ( *>act]s pr9t$1 "o on top ( ! o!r4 ,9 ?is e-book !y are r5d]$ ,a_/,b1 ) ,a on top & ,b on ! bottom4 ,x is n q cr$itable to ,*ri/ian s*ol>%ip at ! close ( ! ,middle ,ages t n a s+le pr9t$ edition ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t appe>$ dur+ ! c\rse ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,! ,jews pr9t$ _! ,hebrew ,psalt] z e>ly z #adgg1 & ! entire ,hebrew ,bible 9 #adhh4 ,sid5ote3 ,editio pr9ceps4 ,complut5sian ,polyglot4 #a4 ,! hon\r ( produc+ ! fir/ edition belongs to ! ,spani% ,c>d9al ,francis ,,xim5es de ,cisn]os 7#adcg-aeag74 ,x 0 includ$ 9 ! s-call$ ,complut5sian ,polyglot1 :i* takes its "n f ,complutum 7n[ ,alcal de ,h5>es71 :]e x 0 pr9t$4 ,! plan ( ! "w 0 conceiv$ z e>ly z #aejb1 9 celebration ( ! bir? ( ! future ,emp]or ,*>les ,v4 ,! s*ol> :o _h ! pr9cipal "p 9 x 0 ,james ,lopez de ,/unica4 ,! pr9t+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 complet$ on ! #aj? ,janu>y #aead1 & ( ! rema9+ five volumes1 compris+ ! ,old ,te/am5t ) ,gramm> & ,lexicon1 on ! #aj? ,july #aeag4 ,on ! #h? ,novemb] ( ! same ye> ! ,c>d9al di$4 ,x 0 n1 h[ev]1 till ! #bbnd ,m>* #aebj t ,pope ,leo ,x4 sanction$ ! publication ( ! "w1 ! two ,vatican manuscripts ( ! ,greek ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* _h be5 borr[$ 9 ! fir/ ye> ( ,leo's papacy1 hav+ be5 return$ on ! #i? ,july #aeai4b ,on ! #e? ,decemb] #aeba1 ! pres5tation copy design$ = ! ,pope1 pr9t$ on p>*m5t & b\nd 9 r$ velvet1 0 plac$ 9 ! ,vatican ,libr>y4 ,no copies seem to h rea*$ ,g]many ?r\gh ! trade till ! ye> #aebb4 ,only #fjj copies 7 pr9t$1 :i* 7 sold at #f- ducats p] copy--ab\t #c ( our pres5t ,engli% money4 ,! ,c>d9al1 :o enjoy$ ! income ( a k+ b 0 cont5t to live l a monk1 exp5d$ ov] #ej1jjj ducats on ! und]tak+4 ,at ! pres5t "t1 copies ( ! ,complut5sian ,polyglot1 especially ^? pr9t$ on p>*m5t1 are c\nt$ among ! r>e/ treasures ( libr>ies4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t is pr9t$ 9 ?ree columns1 ! ,lat9 text ( ! ,bible us$ 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,middle ,ages /&+ betwe5 ! orig9al ,hebrew text ( ! ,synagogue & ! ,alex&rian ,greek v]sion1 8l ,jesus betwe5 ! two ?ieves40 ,! ,new ,te/am5t has only two columns1 t on ! left conta9+ ! ,greek text1 t on ! "r ! ,lat9 v]sion4 ,= ! sake ( ^? le>n+ ,greek ! correspond+ words 9 ea* are indicat$4 ,! type is modell$ on ! *>act]s f\nd 9 good manuscripts4 ,( acc5ts1 ! acute alone is us$ to m>k ! tone syllable4 ,,lit]ature4--,scriv5]1 ,introduction1 ii4 c4 #g2 ,hoski] 7see bel[1 p4 #e72 ,frz4 ,delitzs*1 ,/udi5 zur ,ent/ehungsges*i*te d] ,polyglott5bibel des ,c>d9als ,xim5es1 ,leipzig1 #ahga2 ,=tgesetzte ,/udi51 #ahhf2 ,urtext und ,ueb]setzung5 d] ,bibel1 p4 #fd4 ,a facsimile ( ! title-page & colophon w be f\nd 9 ,s*aff's ,companion to ! ,greek ,te/am5t & ! ,engli% ,v]sion4 ,! decree ( ,pope ,leo ,x4 is pr9t$ 9 ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,te/am5t ( ,van ,ess1 ,tb+51 #ahbg4 ,previ\s to ,xim5es1 h[ev]1 ! fam\s ,v5etian pr9t] ,aldus ,manutius _h conceiv$ ! idea ( su* a ,polyglot4 ,9 ! ,preface to 8 undat$ ,greek ,psalt] 7circa #adig71 a triglot ,bible 0 promis$4 ,( ?is he 0 rem9d$ f ,london by ,grocyn on ! #f? ,octob] #adii4 ,on ! #i? ,july #aeja he wrote ab\t x to ! ,g]man humani/ ,conrad ,celtes1 to :om he s5t ! fir/ specim5 page on ! #crd ,septemb] ( ! same ye>4 7,facsimile 9 ,r5\>d1 ,l',imprim]ie des ,aldes#b1 #c47 ,/ill e>li]1 ! ,magnificat & ! ,b5$ictus#c _h be5 pr9t$ among ! hymns at ! end ( ! ,greek ,psalt] 7,milan1 #adha2 ,v5ice1 #adhf74 ,^! 7 ! fir/ portions ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t to be pr9t$1 :ile ! fir/ pr9t$ 9 ,g]many appe>$ at ,erfurt 9 #aeja-b4 ,! fir/ edition ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t = sale 0 ,erasmus's edition ( #aeaf4 ,,lit]ature4--,on ,aldus1 see ,ne/le1 ,septuag9ta/udi51 i4 #b2 ii4 #aa4 ,on ,aldus's well-kn[n device1 ! an*or & dolph91 see ,lon ,dorez1 tudes ,ald9es1 ,revue des biblio?ques1 vi4 7#ahif71 "p #e-f1 p4 #adc ff42 "p #g-i2 also ,j4 ,r4 ,h>ris1 ,! ,hom]ic ,c5tones1 ,london1 #ahih1 p4 #bd4 ,! device is emblematic ( ! fav\rite motto ( ,augu/us & ,titus1 1 ,semp] fe/9a l5te4 ,sid5ote3 ,erasmus1 #aeaf4 #b4 ,frob51 ! pr9t] ( ,basel1 0 anxi\s to =e/all ! co/ly edition ( ! ,spani% ,c>d9al1 & ) ?is object appeal$ on ! #ae? ,m>* #aeae to ! fam\s humani/ ,desid]ius ,,erasmus 7#adfg-aecf71 !n 9 ,engl&4 ,8 edition appe>$ z e>ly z ! #a/ ,m>* #aeaf1 & 0 d$icat$ on ! #a/ ,febru>y to ,pope ,leo4 ,! pr9t+ 0 begun 9 ! previ\s ,septemb]1 & 0 p>tly sup]9t5d$ by ,zw+li's fri5d1 ,john ,oecolampadius ( ,we9sb]g4 ,erasmus himself confess$ aft]w>ds t 8 ,new ,te/am5t 0 8prcipitatum v]ius quam editum10 ?\gh he boa/$ t he _h employ$ 9 its prep>ation n any sort ( manuscripts1 b ! olde/ & mo/ correct copies4#d ,z e>ly z #agcd1 ,j4 ,a4 ,b5gel recognis$ t 9 ! ,apocalypse ,erasmus mu/ h us$ only "o manuscript1 & t p>tly mutilat$1 s t he 0 unable to read x correctly & 0 oblig$ to supply its lacun by means ( a retranslation f ! ,lat9 into ,greek4 ,& ?is conclusion 0 confirm$ 9 #ahfa by ! r$iscov]y ( t v manuscript by ,franz ,delitzs* 9 ! ,oett+5-,wall]/e9 ,libr>y at ,mayh+54#e ,9 a p>allel column ,erasmus gave a translation ( ! ,greek into elegant ,lat94 ,! ,emp]or protect$ ! edition = f\r ye>s by copyright1 b z e>ly z ,febru>y #aeah x 0 repr9t$ by ,aldus ,manutius 9 8 ,greek ,bible4 ,x 0 sanction$ by ! ,pope on ! #aj? ,septemb] #aeah4 ,f\r successive editions 7 aft]w>ds prep>$ by ,erasmus3 ! second 9 #aeai1 ! ?ird 9 #aebb1 ! f\r? 7improv$7 9 #aebg1 & ! fif? 9 #aece4 ,9 8 ?ird edition1 ,erasmus = ! fir/ "t incorporat$ ! well-kn[n 8comma ,johanneum10 ! passage ab\t ! ,?ree ,witnesses 7#a ,john v4 #g74 ,he did s on ! evid5ce ( a manuscript n[ 9 ,dubl9 7,mont=tianus1 #fa71 9 :i* ! passage _h probably be5 ins]t$ f ! ,vulgate by ! ,engli% ,franciscan monk ,roy4 ,f ! ,vulgate x _h already be5 receiv$1 9 a slightly diff]5t =m1 into ! ,complut5sian ,polyglot4 ,lu!r himself purposely omitt$ x f 8 v]sion4 ,! fir/ edition ( 8 translation to conta9 x 0 t pr9t$ at ,frankfurt by ,fey]ab5d 9 #aegf4 ,x 0 n ins]t$ 9 ! ,witt5b]g editions till #aeif4 ,aft] #aecd no ,greek edition appe>$ )\t x = ! space ( #bjj ye>s4 ,,lit]ature4--,scriv5]1 vol4 ii4 p4 #ahb ff42 ,frz4 ,delitzs*1 ,h&s*riftli*e ,funde1 i41 ,leipzig1 #ahfa2 ,h4 ,c4 ,hoski]1 ,a full ,acc\nt & ,collation ( ! ,greek ,cursive ,codex ,evangelium #fjd 444 toge!r ) t5 ,app5dices conta9+ 444 7,b7 444 ! v>i\s read+s by ! five editions ( ,erasmus1 #aeaf1 #aeai1 #aebb1 #aebg1 #aece4444 7,f7 ,report ( a ,visit to ! ,public ,libr>y at ,ble1 ) facsimile ( ,erasmus's second ,,ms4 ,evan4 #b1 444 ,london1 #ahij4 ,on ,erasmus's supplem5t>y matt]1 ! ,new ,v]sion1 ,annotationes1 ,p>aclesis ad lectorem1 ,me?odus & ,apologia1 z also on ! entire practical & re=m+ aim ( 8 ,n4,t41 see ,r4 ,/hel9 9 ! ,prote/antis*e ,real-,encyklopdie1 ?ird edition1 v4 #dch4 ,fr\de1 ,life & ,lett]s ( ,erasmus1 p4 #abf ff4 ,sid5ote3 ,collections ( editions4 #c4 ,! numb] ( editions ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t :i* h be5 br\ght out s9ce ! "t ( ,xim5es is ab\t #ajjj4 ,no libr>y 9 ! _w conta9s !m all4 ,9 ! la/ c5tury ! ,dani% ,pa/or ,lorck possess$ p]haps ! l>ge/ private collection ( ,bibles4 ,?is 0 pur*as$ by ,duke ,*>les ( ,wrttemb]g1 & has f\nd a place 9 ! ,royal ,public ,libr>y at ,/uttg>t4 ,un=tunately1 x is n possible to supplem5t or enl>ge x 9 ! way t x des]ves4 ,! l>ge/ collection ( ! pres5t c5tury is t ( ! late ,pr(4 ,ed4 ,reuss ( ,/rassburg4 ,9 8 descriptive catalogue he e/abli%$ ! g5ealogy ( ! sep>ate editions by a collation ( ! read+s 9 #ajjj select$ passages4 ,sev]al editions he 0 unable to obta93 "s he 0 oblig$ to reg>d z ( d\btful exi/5ce3 o!rs1 aga91 mi/ak5ly quot$ by previ\s collectors1 he 0 able to disc>d once = all4 ,8 lab\rs =m ! basis ( ^? fur!r rese>*es prosecut$ ) mu* ard\r *iefly 9 ,engl& & ,am]ica3 9 ! latt] by ! ,g]man-,swiss s*ol> ,philip ,s*aff 7d4 #bj? ,oct4 #ahic71 & 8 ,am]ican fri5d ,i4 ,h4 ,hall 7d4 #ahif71 9 ,engl& by ,f4 ,h4 ,a4 ,scriv5] 7d4 #bf? ,oct4 #ahia71 & 9 ,g]many by ! ,am]ican ,c4 ,r4 ,gregory4 ,m5tion c be made ( only a few ( ^! pr9t$ editions4 ,,lit]ature4--,ed4 ,reuss1 ,biblio!ca ,novi ,te/am5ti ,graeci1 cuius editiones ab initio typographiae ad no/ram aetatem impressas quotquot rep]iri potu]unt collegit digessit illu/ravit ,e4 ,r4 ,arg5torat5sis1 ,brunsvigae1 #ahgb4 ,tis*5dorf1 ,novum ,te/am5tum ,graece ad antiquissimos te/es d5uo rec5suit app>atum criticum apposuit ,con/ant9us de ,tis*5dorf1 ,lipsiae 7,h9ri*s71 vol4 i4 #ahfi2 vol4 ii4 #ahgb2 vol4 iii41 ,prolegom5a scripsit ,casp> ,r5atus ,gregory additis curis ,ezrae ,abbot1 #ahid1 #hvo4 7vol4 iii4 cit$ 9 ! foll[+ "p ( ?is "w "u ! symbol ,ti,gr474 ,f4 ,h4 ,a4 ,scriv5]1 ,a ,pla9 ,introduction to ! ,criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,f\r? edition1 edit$ by ,ed4 ,mill]1 #b vols41 ,london1 #ahid4 ,p4 ,s*aff1 ,companion to ! ,greek ,te/am5t & ! ,engli% ,v]sion4 ,f\r? edition revis$1 ,new ,york1 ,h>p]1 #ahib4 ,s*aff's ,companion gives1 9 an ,app5dix1 ,reuss's li/ ( pr9t$ editions ( ! ,greek ,n4,t41 ) additions br++ x d[n to #ahhg1 by ,i4 ,h4 ,hall4 ,x also conta9s an int]e/+ set ( facsimile illu/rations ( tw5ty-"o /&>d editions ( ! ,greek ,n4,t41 %[+ 9 ea* case ! title-page & a page ( ! pr9t4 ,i4 ,h4 ,hall1 ,a ,critical ,bibliography ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t1 z publi%$ 9 ,am]ica1 ,philadelphia1 #ahhc4 ,also1 by ! same au?or1 ,"s ,rem>kable ,greek ,new ,te/am5ts1 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,society ( ,biblical ,lit]ature & ,exegesis1 ,dec4 #ahhf1 #dj-fc4 ,s4 ,p4 ,tregelles1 ,acc\nt ( ! ,pr9t$ ,text ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t ) rem>ks on its revision & a collation ( ! critical texts ) t 9 common use1 #ahed4 ,cop+]1 ,! ,bible & its ,transmission1 be+ an hi/orical & bibliographical view ( ! ,hebrew & ,greek ,texts1 & ! ,greek1 ,lat91 & o!r ,v]sions ( ! ,bible 7bo? manuscript & pr9t$7 prior to ! ,re=mation4 ,) #bh facsimiles4 ,london1 ,so!ran1 #ahig1 l>ge #hvo4 ,h4 ,j4 ,holtzmann1 ,e9leitung 9 das ,neue ,te/am5t 7,allgeme9] ,teil1 ,ges*i*te des ,textes71 ,freiburg1 #ahhf4 ,urtext und ,ueb]setzung5 d] ,bibel 9 b]si*tli*] ,d>/ellung1 a repr9t ( ! article 8,bibeltext und ,bibelb]setzung510 9 ! ?ird edition ( ! ,real-,encyklopdie fr prote/antis*e ,!ologie und ,kir*e1 ,leipzig1 ,h9ri*s1 #ahig1 pp4 #ae-fa 7,tis*5dorf71 ,o4 v4 ,gebh>dt1 8,bibeltext des ,neu5 ,te/am5tes10 ,,pre1 ii4 #gbh-ggc 7cit$ h]eaft] z ,urt474 ,c4 ,r4 ,gregory1 ,textkritik des ,neu5 ,te/am5tes1 vol4 i4 ,leipzig1 #aijj4 ,vol4 ii4 9 ! press4 ,sid5ote3 ,fir/ critical edition4 #d4 ,! fir/ to prep>e a really critical edition ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t1 i4e4 "o bas$ on a collation ( manuscripts1 0 ,simon de ,col9es 7,,col9aeus71 ! fa!r-9-law ( ! ,p>isian pr9t] ,rob]t ,/eph5 7,e/i5ne74 ,9 8 edition#a1 :i* appe>$ 9 #aecd1 he adopt$ = ! fir/ "t a numb] ( read+s t are n[ g5]ally accept$1 ?\gh naturally he did n succe$ 9 ga9+ cr$it = !m4 ,up till ! "t ( ,mill & ,b5gel ! publi%]s & _! m or less uncritical coadjutors simply repr9t$ ! text ( ,xim5es & ,erasmus1 mo/ly ! latt]1 ) trifl+ v>iations4 ,among ! innovations introduc$ by ^! editors 0 ! *oice ( a m conv5i5t =m4 ,! fir/ editions 7 all 9 folio4 ,b 9 #aeba1 ,anselm1 !n 9 ,hag5au b previ\sly 9 ,tb+51 r$uc$ ! size to qu>to2 9 #aebd ,cephaleus 9 ,/rassburg /ill fur!r to octavo2 :ile ,vald] pr9t$ ! fir/ m9iature edition 9 ,basel 9 #aecf4 ,! smalle/ edition pr9t$ previ\s to ?is c5tury is t ( ,jannon1 #afbh 7,s$an72 ! smalle/ ( ?is c5tury is t ( ,pick]+1 #ahbh 7,london74 ,b a mu* m important feature 0 ! collation ( fre% manuscripts4 ,! cr$it ( be+ pione] 9 ?is respect re/s ) ! ,p>isian ,typograph]-,royal1 ,rob]t ,,/eph5 7#aejc-aeei74 ,sid5ote3 ,/eph54 ,he 0 assi/$ by 8 son ,h5ry ,/eph5 7#aebh-aeih71 p>ticul>ly 9 ! prep>ation ( 8 ?ird edition ( #aeej1 ! ,editio ,regia1 :i* takes its "n f ! inscription on its title-page 9 hon\r ( ,h5ry ,,ii41 ' 1 ' 4#f ,! fir/ edition1 call$ ,o mirificam1 f ! op5+ words ( its preface1 appe>$ 9 #aedf4 ,! ,editio ,regia 0 ! fir/ to conta9 a critical app>atus 9 :i* fifte5 manuscripts indicat$ by ! ,greek lett]s -- 7 collat$ ) ! text ( ! ,complut5sian :i* 0 designat$ 4 ,all ! manuscripts employ$ 7 ( late date1 ) two exceptions1 viz41 ! ,codex ,bezae1 ( :i* we %all h a good deal to say 9 ! sequel1 & a ,p>isian ,,ms4 ( ! eigh? c5tury1 n[ kn[n z ,l4 ,sid5ote3 ,v]se division4 ,an important innovation ( ano!r sort is due to ! same ,rob]t ,/eph51 :o pr9t$ at ,g5eva 9 ! foll[+ ye> 7#aeea7 a f\r? edition conta9+ ! ,greek text ) ! ,lat9 v]sion ( ,erasmus on ! out] side & ! ,vulgate on ! inn]4#g ,) a view to c>ry+ out ?is arrangem5t conv5i5tly1 he divid$ ! text into sep>ate v]ses or v small sections1 :i* he numb]$ on ! m>g94 ,9 ?is way he introduc$ into ! ,new ,te/am5t n only a conv5i5t v]se-enum]ation--!re are #giei v]ses 9 all--b also ! un=tunate practice ( pr9t+ ! text 9 sep>ate v]ses4 ,mill 9 #agjg1 & notably ,b5gel 9 #agcd1 7 ! fir/ to rev]t to ! practice ( pr9t+ ! text 9 p>agraphs divid$ accord+ to ! s5se :ile reta9+ ! enum]ation ( ! v]ses 9 ! m>g94 ,sid5ote3 ,*apt]s4 ,! cu/om>y division ( ! ,new ,te/am5t books into *apt]s is mu* e>li]1 hav+ be5 fir/ inv5t$ 9 ,p>is = ! ,lat9 ,bible by ,/eph5 ,langton 7di$ ,ar*bi%op ( ,cant]bury 9 #abbh71 & at once adopt$ 9 ! e>lie/ pr9t$ editions ( ! ,vulgate4 ,x 0 employ$ 9 ! ,complut5sian ,polyglot ) a subdivision ( ! v>i\s *apt]s into ,a ,b ,c etc4 ,,lit]ature4--,nov4 ,te/4 textus ,/ephanici ,a4,d4 #aeej1 ed4 ,scriv5]1 ,camb41 #ahei1 #ahga etc4 ,hoski] 7z above7 444 7,b7 ,a ,repr9t ) corrections ( ,scriv5]'s li/ ( diff]5ces betwe5 ! editions ( ,/eph5 #aeej & ,elzevir #afbd1 ,beza #aefe & ! ,complut5sian1 toge!r ) fre% evid5ce 444 by ! o!r editions ( ,/eph5 ( #aedf1 #aedi1 #aeea4444 ,ezra ,abbot1 ,de ,v]sibus1 9 ,ti,gr4 #afg-ahb4 ,i4 ,h4 ,hall1 ,mod]n ,*apt]s & ,v]ses1 9 ,s*aff's ,religi\s ,encyclopdia1 i4 #dcc4 ,j\rnal ( ! ,soc4 ( ,bib4 ,lit4 & ,exeg41 #ahhc1 #fj2 #ahia1 #fe4 ,x is frequ5tly /at$ t copies exi/ ( ,/eph5's edition ( #aeea 7! fir/ to conta9 ! v]se enum]ation7 be>+ on ! title-page ! date ,,mdxli4 ,9 ! two ,i exam9$ belong+ to ! collections ( ,lorck & ,reuss1 ! two halves ( ! numb] ,,md & ,,li are f> ap>t4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,lorck copy x is possible to suppose t a lett] has be5 eras$ f ! middle1 b n 9 ! ,reuss copy4 ,9 8 ,preface1 ,/eph5 says3 8,quod autem p] quosdam ut vocant v]siculos opus di/9ximus1 id1 vetu/issima ,graeca ,lat9aque ipsius ,novi ,te/am5ti exempl>ia secuti1 fecimus3 eo autem lib5tius ea sumus imitati1 quod hac ratione utraque translatio posset omn9o eregione ,graeco contextui respond]e40 ,z ,ezra ,abbot po9t$ out1 ,/eph5 gave a d\ble numb] #ai_/bj to ! v]se 444 9 ,acts xxiv4 ,a simil> d\ble enum]ation occurs 9 ! previ\s *apt]1 :]e ! v]se 444 is numb]$ #be_/bf4 ,accord+ly1 ,abbot's supposition becomes pretty c]ta91 t ! v]se division 0 orig9ally made = a ,lat9 copy :i*1 at ! passage 9 ,acts xxiv41 conta9$ ! additional s5t5ce3 ,et appreh5d]unt me clamantes et dic5tes1 ,tolle inimicum no/rum4 ,& 9 *apt] xxiii4 sev]al ,lat9 editions %[ an extra s5t5ce at ! place m>k$ ) ! d\ble numb]3 et ipse po/ea calumniam su/9]et tanquam accepturus pecuniam4 ,b :at edition x 0 f :i* ,/eph5 took ! enum]ation into 8 ,greek copy is n yet kn[n4 ,un=tunately1 z ,abbot %[s 7l4c4 #agc-ahb71 lat] editions frequ5tly deviat$ f ,/eph5's enum]ation4 ,ev5 ,osc> v4 ,gebh>dt1 9 8 editions ( ,tis*5dorf's text1 foll[$ 9 eight in/ances a diff]5t v]se division f t recomm5d$ by ,gregory 9 8 ,em5d&a 7p4 #abea ff474 ,sev]al mi/akes 9 numb]+ crept into ! ,/uttg>t edition ( ! ,n4,t41 b ! division & enum]ation h be5 c>efully comp>$ ) t ( ! ,reuss copy = ! second edition4 ,!re are diff]5ces 9 v]se-division ev5 9 ! repr9t ( ,we/cott & ,hort's ,greek ,te/am5t 7,macmillan f\nt1 #ahie71 ,heb4 xii4 #bb1 #bc3 9 ,swete's ,gospel ( ,/4 ,m>k 7,mk4 ii4 #ah1 #ai71 & 9 ,cron9's edition ( ,codex ,purpureus ,petropolitanus 7,lk4 iii4 #bc1 #bd1 ix4 #g1 #h47 ,! ,textus ,receptus is usually indicat$ by ! ,greek lett] 1 ! initial ( ,/eph5's "n4 ,sid5ote3 ,beza4 ,foll[+ ,/eph51 ! ,fr5* !ologian ,!odore de ,bze 7,,beza #aeai-afje71 ! fri5d & successor ( ,calv9 9 ,g5eva1 prep>$1 betwe5 #aefe & #afaa1 f\r folio & six octavo editions1#h :i* are notewor?y z =m+1 ) ! la/ two editions ( ,/eph51 ! basis ( ! ,engli% ,au?oris$ ,v]sion4 ,beza 0 ! own] ( two valuable ,greek-,lat9 manuscripts ( ! ,gospels ) ! ,acts & ,paul9e ,epi/les1 "o ( :i*1 ! n[ s fam\s ,codex ,bezae1 he pres5t$ to ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge 9 #aeha4 ,he himself1 h[ev]1 made little use ( ^! 9 8 editions1 z !y deviat$ too f> f ! pr9t$ texts ( ! "t4 ,beza seems also1 9 ! prep>ation ( 8 ,g5eva edition1 to h be5 ! fir/ to collate ! ori5tal v]sions4 ,= ?is purpose he employ$ ! ,syriac edition ( ,emmanuel ,tremellius 7#aefi71 & = ,acts & #a & #b ,cor9?ians ! ,arabic v]sion put at 8 disposal by ,franciscus ,junius4 ,,lit]ature4--,scriv5]1 ii4 #ahh ff42 ,hoski] 7z above73 ! v>i\s read+s 444 by ! rema9+ ?ree ,bezan editions 9 folio ( #aehb1 #aehh-i1 #aeih1 & ! #hvo4 editions ( #aefe1 #aefg1 #aehj1 #aeij1 #afjd4 ,sid5ote3 ,polyglots4 #a4 ,antw]p4 #e4 ,! cr$it ( pres5t+ ^! ori5tal v]sions 9 a conv5i5t comb9ation = ! int]pretation ( ! ,bible belongs to ! s-call$ ,antw]p ,polyglot1 ! ,biblia ,regia1 pr9t$ 9 eight folio volumes betwe5 #aefi & #aegb by ,*ri/oph] ,plant91 a ,fr5* pr9t] resid+ 9 ,antw]p4 ,9 ?is "w ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t is pr9t$ twice1 fir/ 9 vol4 v41 alongside ! ,vulgate & ! ,syriac text ) its ,lat9 translation1 & aga9 9 vol4 vi4 ) ! int]l9e> v]sion ( ,arias ,montanus4 ,plant9 0 aid$ 9 ?is ent]prise by a grant ( #ab1jjj ducats f ,k+ ,philip ,,ii4 ,x 0 c>ri$ out "u ! sup]vision ( ! ,spani% !ologian ,b5$ict ,arias1 call$ ,montanus f 8 bir?-place ,frex5al de la ,si]ra4 8,labore et ,con/antia0 0 ! motto ( ?is celebrat$ family ( pr9t]s1 :o cont9u$ to c>ry on _! trade on ! same premises till ,augu/ #ahfg4 ,n9e ye>s lat] ! h\se 0 sold to ! city & conv]t$ into ! 8,muse ,plant940 ,( ! ,antw]p ,polyglot #ifj ord9>y copies 7 pr9t$1 #bjj ( a bett] quality1 #cj f9e1 #aj sup]f9e1 & #ac on p>*m5t1 = :i* la/ #af1bfc sk9s 7 us$4 ,"o ( ^! ,montaigne saw & admir$ 9 ! ,vatican ,libr>y2 ano!r1 ! copy d$icat$ to ! ,ar*duke ,alba1 is 9 ! possession ( ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! und]tak+ 0 ! glory ( ,plant9's life1 b x 0 also ! beg9n+ ( 8 f9ancial difficulties4 ,copies 7 sold to book-sell]s at #fj guld5 ea*1 & to ! public at #gj guld5 7ab\t #f & #g74 ,ord9>y copies n[ fet* f #f to #g or #h4 ,at ! sale ( ! ,a%burnham ,collection 9 #ahig a p>*m5t copy realis$ #gi4 ,! supplem5ts1 includ+ lexical & o!r matt]1 are /ill valuable to a c]ta9 ext5t4 ,b "h ! collector mu/ note t c]ta9 p>ts h be5 repr9t$4 ,on ! ,polyglots1 see3 ,disc\rs hi/orique sur les pr9cipales ditions des ,bibles ,polyglottes4 ,p> l',auteur de la ,biblio?que ,sacre1 ,p>is1 #agac2 especially pp4 #cja-eed1 8,pices ju/ificatives du disc\rs prcd5t40 ,also1 ,ed4 ,reuss1 ,polyglott5bibeln1 ,,pre#b1 xii4 #ie-ajc 7#ahhc74 ,max ,rooses1 ,*ri/ophe ,plant91 ,imprimeur ,anv]sois1 ,antw]p1 #ahhd4 ,fol4 #ajj plates4 ,also ,correspondance de ,plant91 edit$ by ,rooses4 #b vols4 #ahhf4 ,l4 ,degeorge1 ,la ,maison ,plant9 ,anv]s4 #crd ed4 ,p>is1 #ahhf4 ,r4 ,lorck1 ,das ,plant9-,haus 9 ,antw]p54 ,vom ,fels zum ,me]1 #ahhh-i1 ix4 #cbh-cdf4 ,on ! d\ble impr9t see ,rooses1 p4 #abc2 ,a4 ,rahlfs 9 ,lag>de's ,biblio!ca ,syriaca1 p4 #ai4 ,on ,plant9's connection ) ! ,famili/s see ,,pre#c1 v4 #gea-gee4 ,sid5ote3 #b4 ,p>isian4 ,a /ill m ext5sive und]tak+ ?an ! ,antw]p ,polyglot is t br\ght out 9 ,p>is by ! advocate ,guy ,mi*el ,,le ,,jay4 ,?is ,p>isian ,polyglot ext5ds to t5 folio volumes ( ! l>ge/ size1 furni%$ ext]nally 9 ! mo/ sumptu\s mann]4 ,le ,jay exp5d$ 8 :ole =tune on ! edition1 & 0 oblig$ at la/ to sell x z wa/e pap]1 be+ too pr\d to accept ! (f] ( ,c>d9al ,ri*elieu1 :o wi%$ to pur*ase ! patronage ( ! ent]prise = a l>ge sum & !reby acquire ! cr$it ( x4 ,! s*ol>s :o gave mo/ assi/ance 9 ! prep>ation ( ! ori5tal texts 7 ,jean ,mor9 & ! ,m>onite ,gabriel ,sionita1 ! latt] ( :om sup]9t5d$ ! ,syriac portion4 ,! two volumes ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 viz4 vol4 v4 #a1 compris+ ! ,gospels1 & vol4 v4 #b1 ! ,acts1 ,epi/les1 & ,apocalypse1 appe>$ 9 #afcj & #afcc4 ,9 addition to ! texts pr9t$ 9 ! ,antw]p ,polyglot1 ! ,p>isian conta9$ a ,syriac v]sion ( ! s-call$ ,antilegom5a1 i4e4 ^? p>ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t at "o "t disput$ 7#b ,pet]1 #b & #c ,john1 ,jude1 & ,apocalypse71 & x _h also an ,arabic v]sion1 ea* "o be+ accompani$ ) a ,lat9 translation4#i ,sid5ote3 #c4 ,london4 ,less sumptu\s1 b m copi\s1 conv5i5t1 & critically valuable1 is ! la/1 & at ! pres5t day /ill mo/ us$ ( ! f\r great ,polyglots--! ,london ,polyglot ( ,brian ,,walton 7#afjj-affa74 ,x conta9s 9 all n9e languages4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t 7vol4 v47 !re is ! ,greek text ( ,/eph5 ) slight alt]ations1 ! v]sion ( ,arias1 ! ,vulgate1 ,syriac1 ,e?iopic1 ,arabic1 & 7= ! ,gospels only7 ,p]sic v]sions1 ea* ) a lit]al translation into ,lat94 ,! six? volume also conta9s ,walton's ,app>atus1 :i* 0 re-issu$ at ,leipzig 9 #aggg1 & aga9 at ,cambridge by ,f4 ,wrangham 9 two volumes 9 #ahbh4 ,x is really a k9d ( ,introduction to ,biblical ,criticism4 ,f9ally1 9 two supplem5t>y p>ts1 !re is ,edmund ,ca/le's ,lexicon ,heptaglotton1 a !saurus l+uae semiticae su* z no "o s9ce has v5tur$ to und]take4 ,! ,london ,polyglot fir/ appe>$ 9 #afeg1 "u ! patronage ( ,cromwell1 b aft] ! ,re/oration x receiv$ a new ,preface f ! editor1 :o 0 rais$ to ! ,see ( ,*e/] by ,*>les ,,ii4 ,9 ?is ,preface ,cromwell is /yl$ 8,magnus ,draco ille40 ,accord+ly1 bibliophiles draw a %>p l9e ( di/9ction betwe5 republican & loyali/ copies4 ,"o ( ! =m] co/s consid]ably m ?an ! latt]1 ! mo/ rec5t prices runn+ f #bb to #ca4 ,?is is said to h be5 ! fir/ "w br\ght out 9 ,engl& by subscription4 ,see ,s*aff's 8,companion0 = facsimiles ( title-page & page ( text4 ,todd3 ,life ( ,brian ,walton ) ! ,bi%op's ,v9dication ( ! ,london ,polyglot ,bible4 ,london1 #ahba4 #b vols4 ,= ?is ,polyglot1 9 addition to ! critical works ( previ\s s*ol>s1 ! ,codex ,alex&r9us ( ! ,greek ,bible1 s5t by ,cyril ,luc> to ,*>les ,i4 9 #afbh1 0 also employ$ = ! fir/ "t4 ,its read+s are set at ! foot ( ! ,greek text & indicat$ by ! lett] ,a4 ,?is 0 ! orig9 ( ! mod]n cu/om ( indicat+ manuscripts ) ,roman lett]s 9 ! app>atus ( critical editions n only ( ! ,new ,te/am5t b ( o!r books z well1 a cu/om :i* has g5]ally prevail$ s9ce ! "t ( ,wett/e94 ,t gift ( ,cyril ,luc> seems really to h awak5$ = ! fir/ "t a g5]al desire = critical editions4 ,at ! same "t x 0 ,walton's edition t made ,/eph5's text ( #aeej ! 8textus receptus0 9 ,engl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,elzevir4 #f4 ,on ! ,cont95t a simil> result 0 atta9$ by ! ent]pris+ ,dut* pr9t]s ,bonav5tura & ,abraham ,,elzevir ( ,leyd54 ,:at s*ol>s _h a h& 9 _! edition1 if we may speak ( s*ol>s at all 9 ?is connection1 is n kn[n4 ,9 #afbd ! ,elzevirs publi%$1 9 a h&y =m & beautifully pr9t$1 an edition ! text ( :i* 0 tak5 ma9ly f ,beza's octavo edition ( #aefe4 ,9 _! ,preface to a new issue 9 #afcc !y said 8textum ergo habes nunc ab omnibus receptum1 9 quo nihil immutatum aut corruptum damus10 :ile !y pr(ess$ t ev5 ! smalle/ errors--8vel m9utissimae m5dae0--_h be5 elim9at$ ) judgm5t & c>e4 ,by means ( ?is cat*word !y actually succe$$ 9 mak+ _! text ! mo/ widely dissem9at$ ( all dur+ #bjj ye>s4 ,! ,engli% ,bible ,society alone h issu$ n few] ?an #cea1die copies ( x 9 ! #ij ye>s ( _! exi/5ce1 & at ! pres5t "t are /ill pr9t+ ?is text alone4 ,!y issu$ #ab1bjj copies ( x 9 ! ye> #ahid4 ,= sev]al c5turies1 !re=e1 ?\s&s ( ,*ri/ian s*ol>s h cont5t$ !mselves ) a text bas$ ultimately on two or ?ree late manuscripts ly+ at ! comm& ( ! fir/ editors--,/eph51 ,erasmus1 & ,xim5es--a text1 moreov]1 9 :i* ! errone\s read+s ( ,erasmus1 already ref]r$ to1 are reta9$ to ?is day4 ,,lit]ature4--,scriv5]1 ii4 #aic4 ,hoski] 444 7,c7 a full & exact comp>ison ( ! ,elzevir editions ( #afbd & #afcc1 d\bl+ ! numb] ( ! real v>iants hi!rto kn[n1 & exhibit+ ! support giv5 9 ! "o case & 9 ! o!r by ! subsequ5t editions ( #afda1 #afef1 #affb1 #afgj1 & #afgh4 ,on ! ,elzevirs see ,g4 ,b]ghman1 ,n\velles tudes sur la ,bibliographie ,elzeviri5ne4 ,supplm5t l'ouvrage sur les ,elzevi] de ,m4 ,alphonse ,willems1 ,/ockholm1 #ahig4 ,also1 ,a4 de ,reume1 ,re*]*es hi/oriques1 gnalogiques et bibliographiques sur les ,elzevi]1 ,brussels4 ,facsimile ( ! edition ( #afcc 9 ,s*aff's ,companion4 ,sid5ote3 ,critical attempts4 #g4 ,ev5 ^? :o 7 impell$ by a great] _s ( rese>* did n yet get back to ! olde/ atta9able s\rces4 ,9 ,rome1 ,,c>yophilus set ab\t prep>+ a new edition4 ,) ?is view1 ab\t ! ye> #afbe he collat$ tw5ty-two manuscripts ) ! ,antw]p ,polyglot--t5 = ! ,gospels1 eight = ! ,acts & ,epi/les1 & f\r = ! ,apocalypse4 ,among ^! 7 ! mo/ celebrat$ manuscript ( ! ,vatican ,libr>y1 ! 8,codex ,vaticanus0 p> excell5ce1 & ano!r ( ! same collection1 dat+ f ! ye> #idi 7,tis*5dorf's ,s71 "o ( ! olde/ manuscripts ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t ^: date is kn[n ) c]ta9ty4 ,! results ( ?is collator's lab\rs 7 pr9t$ at ,rome 9 #afgc4 ,b su* collations 7 n !n made ) t exactitude :i* is ! prim>y condition ( works ( ?is nature at ! pres5t day1 ?\gh ev5 n[ x is n always obs]v$4 ,9 #afeh ,/efan de ,,c\rcelles 7,curcellaeus1 #aehf-afei71 a native ( ,g5eva1 br\ght out an edition :i* 0 pr9t$ by ! ,elzevirs1 & :i* is valuable = its s*ol>ly ,introduction1 its c>eful collection ( p>allel passages1 & its fre% collation ( manuscripts4 ,9 ?is edition ! 8,comma ,johanneum0 0 includ$ 9 brackets4 ,! editor also express$ ! op9ion t ev5 conjectural read+s des]ve consid]ation4 ,c\rcelles _h fur!r projects 9 view1 b ^! 7 int]rupt$ by 8 dea?4 ,9 #afgb1 9 ,g]many1 ,john ,,saub]t publi%$ a collection ( v>i\s read+s 9 ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel :i* he _h compil$ f pr9t$ editions1 manuscripts1 anci5t v]sions1 & quotations 9 ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,fa!rs4 ,9 #afge ,john ,,fell1 aft]w>ds ,bi%op ( ,ox=d1 publi%$ anonym\sly at ! ,%eldonian ,!atre1 i4e4 ! ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press1 an edition 9 ! prep>ation ( :i* m ?an #ajj ,greek manuscripts 7 employ$4 ,among ! anci5t v]sions ! ,go?ic ( ,ulfilas & ! ,coptic 7 also made use (4 ,ab\t ! same "t 7#afhi7 !re appe>$ anonym\sly at ,rott]dam a ,hi/oire ,critique du ,texte du ,n\veau ,te/am5t1 by ,ri*>d ,,simon1 a memb] ( ! ,fr5* ,congregation ( ! ,oratory4 ,simon is ! fa!r ( ! hi/orical me?od ( critical introduction to ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,) 8 "w1 :at might be call$ ! infancy ( ,new ,te/am5t criticism comes to a close4 ,) ,mill's ,new ,te/am5t beg9s ! p]iod ( its maturity1 especially if ,simon's works are tak5 z belong+ to x4 ,su*1 at lea/1 0 ! judgm5t express$ 9 #aggg by ! ,gtt+5 s*ol> ,j4 ,d4 ,mi*aelis4 ,b we w\ld say r ! p]iod ( its y\?1 = o!rwise we %\ld n[ h rea*$ ! "t ( its old age1 & mu* "w /ill rema9s to be done4 ,sid5ote3 ,mill1 #agjg4 #h4 ,enc\rag$ by ,bi%op ,fell1 ,john ,,mill 7#afde-agjg71 ab\t #afgg1 set to "w ^u an edition :i* appe>$ 9 ! ye> ( 8 dea?4#aj ,! value ( ,mill's ,new ,te/am5t lies 9 its ext5d$ critical app>atus1 & p>ticul>ly 9 its ,prolegom5a4 ,an enl>g$ edition 0 br\ght out 9 #agaj by ,ludolf ,k/] ( ,we/phalia 7#afgj-agaf71 :i*1 h[ev]1 _h su* a small sale t x _h to be reissu$ ) a new title-page at ,leipzig 9 #agbc1 & aga9 at ,am/]dam 9 #agdf4 ,9 ,mill's "t ! numb] ( v>i\s read+s 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 e/imat$ at #cj1jjj3 a compet5t e/imate w n[ make !m m ?an f\r or five times z _m4 ,t is to say1 !re are almo/ m v>iants ?an words4 ,m5tion mu/ also be made ( ,nicolaus ,,to9>d',s ,lat9-,greek ,h>mony ( ! ,gospels1 :i* appe>$ at ,orleans 9 ! same ye> z ,mill's ,new ,te/am5t1 & :i* 0 ! fruit ( ne>ly z _m ye>s' lab\r4 ,to9>d 0 ! fir/ ,ca?olic aft] ,erasmus1 & ! la/ previ\s to ,s*olz1 to und]take a critical edition ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,he 0 also ! fir/ editor aft] ,beza to e/imate prop]ly ! critical value ( ! ,vulgate4 ,sid5ote3 ,b5tley4 ,x 0 ,edw>d ,wells :o set ! example ( great] fre$om 9 ! adoption into ! text ( new read+s f ! manuscripts4 ,8 fam\s c\ntryman1 ! great philologi/ ,ri*>d ,,b5tley 7#affb-agdb71 project$ a great critical edition ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 b un=tunately got no fur!r ?an ! prep>ation ( mat]ials & ! publication ( 8 8,proposals0 9 #agbj4 ,he und]took to remove two ?\s& errors f ! ,pope's ,vulgate1 & z _m f t ( ! ,prote/ant ,pope 7,/eph571 )\t us+ any manuscript "u #ijj ye>s old4 ,b z 8 edition nev] appe>$1 8 nephew _h to refund ! #bjjj gu9eas prepaid by ! subscrib]s4 ,9 #agbi ,,mace publi%$ an edition anonym\sly1 9 :i*1 p]haps1 mo/ c\rage 0 %[n 9 dep>t+ f ! ord9>y text4 ,!reaft]1 ,engli% "w 9 ?is dep>tm5t 0 susp5d$ = ne>ly a c5tury4 ,x 0 transf]r$ to ,g]many & ! ,ne!rl&s by ! ,swabian s*ol> ,b5gel & by ,wett/e9 ( ,basel4 ,,lit]ature4--,a4 ,a4 ,ellis1 ,b5tleii ,critica ,sacra1 ,camb41 #ahfb4 ,r4 ,c4 ,jebb1 ,b5tley1 ,london1 #ahhb4 ,ti,gr41 #bbi-bdj4 ,wordswor?-,:ite1 ,i4 pp4 xv-xxviii 7see bel[1 p4 #abc74 ,sid5ote3 ,b5gel4 #i4 ,z e>ly z #agaa1 ,g4,d4,t4,m4,d41 i4e4 ,g]h>d de ,trajectu ,mosae 7,mae/ri*t7 ,doctor1 a ,syndic ( ,brem51 publi%$ at ,am/]dam an edition prefac$ by #dc canons or rules ( criticism4 ,!reaft]1 9 #agbe1 ,j4 ,a4 ,,b5gel 7#afhg-ageb7 issu$ 8 ,prodromus ,novi ,te/am5ti ,graeci recte cauteque adorn&i1 9 :i* he unfold$ a mo/ c>efully ?\ght-out s*eme = a new edition1 und]tak+ to r$uce all ,g]h>d von ,mae/ri*t's #dc canons to "o compreh5sive rule ( f\r words4 ,t 0 ! pr9ciple n[ commonly express$ 9 ! %ort] b less satisfactory =m--lectio difficilior placet4 ,b5gel himself *ose a m c>eful mode ( expression--proclivi scriptioni prae/at ardua4 ,six ye>s lat] he 0 able to issue 8 ,notitia ,novi ,te/am5ti ,graeci recte cauteque adornati4 ,x 0 publi%$ 9 #agcd at ,tb+5 by ,cotta 9 a h&some qu>to4#aa ,9 ! same ye> a small octavo edition appe>$ at ,/uttg>t 9 :i* he urg$ ! duty express$ 9 ! motto1 ,te totum applica ad textum1 ,rem totam applica ad te4 ,( ! latt]1 f\r editions 7 aft]w>ds br\ght out4 ,( ! l>ge edition1 ! ,app>atus1 pron\nc$ by ,haussleit] to be a 8memorable "w ( mo/ solid & productive le>n+10 0 repr9t$ sep>ately aft] 8 dea?4 ,b5gel 0 too timid4 ,he 0 unwill+ to admit into ! text any read+ :i* _h n already appe>$ 9 "s pr9t$ edition4 ,b he ins]t$ new read+s 9 ! m>g9 & classifi$ !m4 ,out ( #adi read+s pron\nc$ by ,b5gel to be g5u9e1 only #bj are n n[ g5]ally approv$4 ,out ( #aah ^: g5u95ess appe>$ to him probable b n q c]ta91 #hc are n[ accept$4 ,b ,b5gel's mo/ important contribution to ! textual criticism ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t consi/s 9 ! s\nd critical pr9ciples :i* he laid d[n4 ,he recognis$ t ! witnesses mu/ n be c\nt$ b weigh$1 i4e4 classifi$1 & he 0 accord+ly ! fir/ to di/+ui% two great gr\ps or families ( manuscripts4 ,8 pr9ciples 7 reaffirm$ by ! celebrat$ philologi/ ,la*mann1 ! fir/ great textual critic ( our "t1 & ! advance :i* ! late/ ,engli% critics h made on ,tis*5dorf is really due to ! fact t !y h gone back to ,b5gel4 ,,lit]ature4--,eb4 ,ne/le1 ,b5gel als ,gelehrt]1 e9 ,bild fr uns]e ,tage4 7,9 ,m>g9ali5 und ,mat]iali52 also pr9t$ sep>ately1 ,tb+51 #ahic47 ,scriv5]1 ii4 #bjd4 ,sid5ote3 ,wett/e94 ,= ! "t1 h[ev]1 ,b5gel's rival1 ,john ,,wett/e9 7#afic-aged71 outdid him4 ,8 treatise on ! ,v>i\s ,read+s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 publi%$ z e>ly z #agac1 to be foll[$ by 8 ,prolegom5a1 :i* appe>$ anonym\sly 9 #agcj1 & lat] by 8 ,new ,te/am5t1#ab :i* 0 issu$ 9 two folio volumes 9 #agea & #ageb4 ,8 ,app>atus is full] ?an t ( any previ\s editor1 :ile he also gives a detail$ acc\nt ( ! v>i\s manuscripts1 v]sions1 & ,patri/ic writ]s4 ,x 0 he :o introduc$ ! practice1 already ref]r$ to1 ( indicat+ ! anci5t ,,mss4 by ,roman lett]s & ! lat] ,,mss4 by ,arabic num]als4 ,he too1 h[ev]1 /ill pr9t$ ! ,elzevir text1 foll[+ ,mae/ri*t's edition ( #agce4 ,at ! foot ( ! text he plac$ ^? read+s :i* he himself held to be correct4 ,,lit]ature4--,scriv5]1 ,introduction1 ii4 #bac2 ,c>l ,b]!au1 ,,pre#b1 xvii4 #ah-bd1 #ahhf4 ,sid5ote3 ,griesba*4 #aj4 ,j4 ,j4 ,,griesba* 7#agde-ahab7 0 ! fir/ 9 ,g]many :o v5tur$ to pr9t ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! =m to :i* 8 criticism l$ him4 ,he 0 ! pupil ( ,salomo ,seml]1 :o _h comb9$ ! pr9ciples ( ,b5gel & ,wett/e94 ,^! pr9ciples 7 adopt$ & c>ri$ out by ,griesba*4 ,he enl>g$ ! ,app>atus by a m exact use ( citations f ! ,fa!rs1 p>ticul>ly f ,orig51 & ( v>i\s v]sions1 su* z ! ,go?ic1 ! ,arm5ian1 & ! ,philox5ian4 ,9 8 classification ( ! witnesses1 ,griesba* di/+ui%$ a ,we/]n1 an ,alex&rian1 & a ,byzant9e ,rec5sion4 ,! edition1 9 f\r folio volumes1 pr9t$ by ,gs*5 at ,leipzig 7#ahjc-ahjg71 is rightly describ$ by ,reuss z 8editio omnium quae extant speciosissima40#ac ,8 text 0 m or less fai?fully foll[$ by _m lat] editors l ,s*ott1 ,knapp1 ,tittmann1 & also by ,!ile4 ,sid5ote3 ,mat?aei4 ,griesba*'s oppon5t1 ,*ri/ian ,fri$ri* ,,mat?aei1 a ,?r+ian 7#agdd-ahaa71 0 misl$ into attribut+ a too great value to a l>ge numb] ( manuscripts 9 ,mosc[ ( ! ?ird1 ! ,byzant9e1 class4 ,a consid]able am\nt ( critical mat]ial 0 collect$ at ! exp5se ( ! ,k+ ( ,d5m>k by ,&reas ,bir* 7aft]w>ds ,bi%op ( ,loll&1 ,fal/]1 & ,a>huus71 by ,d4 ,g4 ,mold5hau]1 & by ,adl]4 ,a simil> s]vice 0 r5d]$1 ?\gh n ) suffici5t c>e1 by ,j4 ,m4 ,augu/9 ,,s*olz1 ,pr(essor ( ,ca?olic ,!ology 9 ,bonn4 ,,lit]ature4--,on ,mat?aei see ,o4 v4 ,gebh>dt1 ,*ri/ian ,fri$ri* ,mat?i und se9e ,sammlung grie*is*] ,h&s*rift51 ,leipzig1 #ahih4 ,sid5ote3 ,la*mann4 ,x 0 ,c>l ,,la*mann 7#agic-ahea7 :o fir/ broke ) ! ,textus ,receptus altoge!r4 ,he 0 a ma/] 9 ! doma9 ( textual criticism4 ,he di/+ui%$ himself fir/ 9 ! dep>tm5t ( classical & ,teutonic philology1 b came aft]w>ds to r5d] equal s]vice to ! textual criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,8 object 0 to re/ore ! text to ! =m 9 :i* x _h be5 read 9 ! anci5t ,*ur* ab\t ! ye> #chj1 go+ on ! gr\nd ( ! olde/ kn[n ,greek & ,lat9 manuscripts1 i4e4 ! olde/ ,ea/]n & ,we/]n au?orities4#ad ,he did n claim to g fur!r back ?an t date ) any c]ta9ty4 ,b x 0 /ill op5 to "q :e!r t 7 n possible1 & :e!r ! gr\nds on :i* ,la*mann's "w 0 bas$ might n be /ill fur!r ext5d$ & confirm$4 ,sid5ote3 ,tis*5dorf4 #aa4 ,! task :i* ,la*mann set be=e him 0 prosecut$ ) ! mo/ brilliant success 9 & f ,g]many by ,gottlob 7,a5o!us7 ,fri$ri* ,con/ant9 von ,,tis*5dorf 7b4 #ah? ,janu>y #ahae1 d4 #g? ,decemb] #ahgd74 ,9 ! c\rse ( sev]al t\rs1 fir/ 9 ,europe & aft]w>ds 9 ! ,ea/1 f ! ye> #ahda onw>ds1 he discov]$ & collat$ a numb] ( ! mo/ important & anci5t manuscripts ( ! ,bible4 ,among ^! ! mo/ notable 0 ! ,codex ,s9aiticus1 f\nd by him on ,m\nt ,s9ai 9 #ahei1 & n[ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ! olde/ kn[n manuscript ( ! pres5t day :i* conta9s ! entire ,greek ,new ,te/am5t4 ,on ! basis ( ! mat]ial collect$ by himself & o!rs1 ,tis*5dorf prep>$ eight diff]5t editions betwe5 #ahda & #ahgb4ae ,8 sev5? edition1 consi/+ ( #cejj copies1 appe>$ 9 #ahei1 previ\s to ! discov]y ( ! ,s9aiticus4 ,! text ( ?is edition diff]$ f t ( #ahdi 9 #abif in/ances1 ( :i* no few] ?an #eie 7 rev]sions to ! ,textus ,receptus4 ,! text ( ! la/ edition1 ! octava critica maior1 :i* 0 issu$ complete 9 elev5 p>ts betwe5 #ahfd & #ahgb1 diff]$ f t ( ! sev5? 9 #cegb places4 ,! ?ird volume ( ! editio octava maior1 conta9+ ! ,prolegom5a1 0 complet$ 9 ?ree p>ts1 ext5d+ to #adbh pages1 by ,casp> ,r5 ,gregory betwe5 #ahhd & #ahid1 a "w :i* af=ds ! mo/ complete survey ( :at has be5 done on ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t up to ! pres5t "t4 ,,lit]ature4--,scriv5]1 ii4 #bce2 ,ti,gr41 #a-bb2 ,urt41 #di-eb4 ,ap>t f ! ,editio ,octava ,maior1 ! mo/ useful editions w be f\nd to be ^? ( ,o4 v4 ,gebh>dt 7see bel[1 p4 #bc71 or ! ,editio ,academica ad editionem oct4 maior4 con=mata1 ,leipzig1 ,m5delssohn1 #afmo1 #ahee1 tw5tie? edition1 #ahii4 ,sid5ote3 ,tregelles4 ,:ile ! editions ( ,tis*5dorf 7 appe>+ on ! ,cont95t1 an edition began to be issu$ 9 ,engl&1 :i* 0 complet$ 9 ! c\rse ( tw5ty ye>s4 ,x 0 ! "w ( a ,quak]1 ,samuel ,prideaux ,,tregelles 7b4 #ahac1 d4 #ahge71 :o1 :ile reap+ no pr(it f 8 und]tak+1 has left 9 x a monum5t to 8 fidelity4 ,9 ?is edition 7#aheg-ahgi7af ^? passages 9 :i* ! editor 0 unable to pron\nce a f9al judgm5t f ! accessible mat]ial are indicat$ by ! =m ( ! type4 ,sid5ote3 ,we/cott & ,hort4 ,a /ill m important advance 0 made by ,brooke ,foss ,,we/cott 7b4 #ahbe71 n[ ,bi%op ( ,durham1 & ,f5ton ,john ,an?ony ,,hort 7b4 #bcrd ,april #ahbh1 d4 #cj? ,novemb] #ahib74 ,9 #ahha1 ^! ,cambridge s*ol>s1 aft] ne>ly ?irty ye>s ( jo9t lab\r1 publi%$ two volumes1 ! fir/ conta9+ ! ,text ) a brief survey ( its hi/ory & result+ criticism1 ! second giv+ a detail$ exposition ( _! critical pr9ciples by ,hort himself4 ,!y 7 l$ by _! inve/igation to di/+ui% f\r ma9 types ( text3-- 7#a7 ,a late type1 orig9at+ 9 ,syria ab\t ! ye> #cjj1 :i*1 issu+ f ,con/ant9ople1 became ! prevail+ text 9 lat] manuscripts1 & corresponds ess5tially ) ! textus receptus ( e>ly pr9t$ editions3 7#b7 ,a type orig9at+ 9 ,alex&ria1 *>act]iz$ by l+ui/ic em5dations3 7#c7 ,a type orig9at+ 9 ,syria b rea*+ ! ,we/ previ\s to ! ye> #bjj1 repres5t$ ess5tially by ! ,old ,lat9 v]sions on ! "o h& & by ! ,syriac on ! o!r1 & display+ all sorts ( rem>kable additions3 7#d7 ,! ,neutral text1 :i* displays no sort ( corruptions4 ,we/cott & ,hort's "w is ! late/ & mo/ ?or\gh attempt yet made at a complete edition ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,,lit]ature4--,! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! orig9al ,greek4 ,! text revis$ by ,brooke ,foss ,we/cott1 ,d4,d41 & ,f5ton ,john ,an?ony ,hort1 ,d4,d41 ,cambridge & ,london4 ,vol4 i4 ,text 7,f\r? ,edition1 #ahih74 ,vol4 ii41 ,introduction & ,app5dix 7,?ird ,edition1 #ahif74 ,a small] edition ( ! text1 #ahhe4 ,text1 f new type1 9 l>g] =m1 #ahie4 ,= 8,"s trifl+ ,corrections to ,w4-,h4's ,new ,te/am5t10 see ,ne/le 9 ! ,expository ,times1 viii4 #dgi2 ix4 #ie1 #ccc1 #dbd4 ,see ,life & ,lett]s ( ,f4 ,j4 ,a4 ,hort1 by 8 son1 ,a4 ,f4 ,hort1 #b vols41 ,london1 #ahif2 also article on ,hort1 by ,gregory 9 ! ,,pre#c1 viii4 #cfh4 ,facsimile ( ! ,am]ican ,edition ) ,introduction by ,s*aff1 9 ,s*aff's ,companion4 ,sid5ote3 ,weym\?4 ,! 8,resultant ,greek ,te/am5t0 ( ,r4 ,f4 ,,weym\? af=ds a conv5i5t comp>ison ( ! text ( ! mo/ important editions4 ,,lit]ature4--,! ,resultant ,greek ,te/am5t1 exhibit+ ! text 9 :i* ! majority ( mod]n editors are agre$1 & conta9+ ! read+s ( ,/eph5 7#aeej71 ,la*mann1 ,tregelles1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,lightfoot1 ,ellicott1 ,al=d1 ,weiss1 ! ,ble edition 7#ahhj71 ,we/cott & ,hort1 & ! ,revision ,committee4 ,by ,ri*>d ,francis ,weym\?4 ,) an ,introduction by ! ,"r ,rev4 ! ,"l ,bi%op ( ,worce/]4 ,london1 #ahhf4444 ,*eap ,edition1 #ahib1 pp4 xix4 #fdd4 ,besides ! editions m5tion$ 9 ! title1 ! ,complut5sian1 ,elzevir 7#afcc71 ,scriv5] & o!rs are comp>$ 9 sev]al places4 ,sid5ote3 ,weiss4 ,q rec5tly1 ,b]nh>d ,,weiss1 ( ,b]l91 began a new & indep5d5t revision ( ! text1 :i* has be5 publi%$ 9 ?ree l>ge volumes ) introduction & explanatory notes4 ,,lit]ature4--,das ,neue ,te/am5t4 ,textkritis*e ,unt]su*ung5 und ,tex!r/ellung von ,d4 ,b]nh>d ,weiss4 ,er/] ,!il1 ,apo/elges*i*te3 ,ka?olis*e ,briefe3 ,apocalypse4 ,leipzig1 #ahid4 ,zweit] ,!il1 ,die paul9is*5 ,briefe e9s*liessli* des ,hebrerbriefs1 #ahif4 ,dritt] ,!il1 ,die vi] ,evangeli5 #aijj4 ,vol4 i4 is compil$ f ,texte und ,unt]su*ung51 ix4 #c1 #d2 viii4 #c2 vii4 #a4 ,! section 9 vol4 ii4 entitl$ ,textkritik d] paul9is*5 ,briefe1 is tak5 f ,,tu4 xiv4 #c1 & ! correspond+ section 9 vol4 iii4 f ,,tu4 xix4 #b 7,new ,s]ies1 iv4 #b74 ,see 8,b4 ,weiss & ! ,new ,te/am5t10 by ,c4 ,r4 ,gregory 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,!ology1 #ahig1 i4 #af-cg4 ,sid5ote3 ,von ,gebh>dt4 ,9 ,g]many1 ,o4 von ,,gebh>dt has done good s]vice by issu+ ! text ( ,tis*5dorf's la/ edition1 ) ! necess>y corrections1 & giv+ 9 ! m>g9 ! read+s adopt$ by ,tregelles & ,we/cott-,hort1 :5 ^! diff] f ! text4 ,9 ! 8editio /]eotypa m9or10 ! diff]5ces ( ,we/cott-,hort alone are %[n4 ,9 8 ,greek-,g]man ,new ,te/am5t1 he also exhibits at ! foot ( ,lu!r's ,g]man text ^? read+s :]e9 ! text ( ,erasmus's second edition ( #aeai1 us$ by ,lu!r1 diff]s f t ( ! la/ edition ( ,tis*5dorf4 ,9 ?is diglot ( v4 ,gebh>dt1 !re=e1 "o c see at a glance n only h[ f> ! ,greek text ( ! pres5t day diff]s f t pr9t$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 b also ! am\nt ( agreem5t betwe5 pres5t-day editors work+ on su* diff]5t pr9ciples z ,tis*5dorf & ,we/cott & ,hort4 ,9 ! ,adnotatio ,critica f\nd 9 ! ,app5dix to ! l>g] edition1 !re is a brief dige/ ( ! critical ,app>atus1 b x ext5ds only to ^? passages :]e ,tis*5dorf & ,we/cott-,hort disagree4 ,! editio m9or conta9s #fjj pages4 ,"o ( ^!1 p4 #eja1 %[s n a s+le disagreem5t betwe5 ^! great editors1 :ile #ah pages exhibit only "o v>iation ea*1 & ^!1 = ! mo/ "p1 m]e grammatical trifles4 ,,lit]ature4--,novum ,te/am5tum ,graece rec5sionis ,tis*5dorfianae ultimae textum cum ,tregellesiano et ,we/cottio-,hortiano contulit et brevi adnotatione critica additisque locis p>allelis illu/ravit ,osc> de ,gebh>dt4 ,editio /]eotypa4 ,lipsiae 7,tau*nitz71 #ahha4 ,sev5? edition1 #ahif4 ,n4 ,t4 ,graece et ,g]manice4 ,leipzig1 #ahha4 ,f\r? edition1 #ahif4 ,9 ?is edition ! ,greek is t ( ,tis*5dorf's la/ edition1 & ! ,g]man is ! ,revis$ text ( ,lu!r 7#ahgj74 ,! v>i\s read+s are %[n = bo? texts1 & a selection ( p>allel passages is also giv54 ,n4 ,t4 ,graece ex ultima ,tis*5dorfii rec5sione edidit ,osc> de ,gebh>dt4 ,editio /]eotypa m9or4 ,lipsiae1 #afmo41 #ahhg4 ,f\r? edition1 #ahih4 ,sid5ote3 ,/uttg>t ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! text ( ! ,greek & ,greek-,g]man ,new ,te/am5ts prep>$ by me1 & issu$ by ! ,wrttemb]g ,bible ,in/itute1 is bas$ on a comp>ison ( ! ?ree editions ( ,tis*5dorf1 ,we/cott-,hort1 & ,weym\?4 ,! v>iations ( ^! editions are %[n at ! foot ( ! page1 :]e are giv5 also ! read+s ins]t$ by ,we/cott & ,hort 9 _! ,app5dix & omitt$ by ,o4 v4 ,gebh>dt4 ,f ,acts onw>ds1 ! read+s adopt$ by ,weiss are indicat$ z well4 ,9 a l[] m>g91 a numb] ( important manuscript read+s are giv54 ,9 ! ,gospels & ,acts1 ^! are tak5 ma9ly1 ?\gh n exclusively1 f ,codex ,bezae4 ,9 ! ,greek-,g]man edition1 ! text 7,g]man7 is t ( ! ,revis$ ,v]sion ( #ahib4 ,bel[ x are giv5 ! read+s ( ,lu!r's la/ edition 7#aedf71 ) sev]al ( 8 m>g9al glosses & e>li] r5d]+s4 ,,lit]ature4--,novum ,te/am5tum ,graece cum app>atu critico ex editionibus et libris manu scriptis collecto4 ,/uttg>t1 #ahih4 ,second correct$ edition1 #ahii4 ,also issu$ 9 two & 9 t5 p>ts1 & int]leav$4 ,?ird edition 9 prep>ation4 ,sid5ote3 ,s*jtt4 ,fr4 ,,s*j,,tt publi%$ an edition at ,cop5hag5 9 #ahig ! text ( :i* 0 det]m9$ by ! agreem5t betwe5 ! ,codex ,vaticanus 7,cl>omontanus1 f ,heb4 ix4 #ad onw>ds7 & ! ,s9aiticus4 ,:]e !y disagre$ he call$ 9 ! next olde/ manuscript z umpire4 ,= ?is purpose he employ$ = ! ,gospels ! manuscripts ,a ,c ,d ,e ,f ,h ,ib ,k ,l ,p ,q ,t ,u ,v ,x ,z 1 = ! ,acts & ,ca?olic ,epi/les ,a ,c ,d ,e ,h ,k ,l ,p1 = ! ,paul9e ,epi/les ,a ,c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,h ,l ,p1 & = ! ,apocalypse ,a ,c ,p #a1 #ah1 #ch1 #di1 #ib1 #ie4 ,at ! foot ( ! text 8 edition gives1 9 two divisions1 a comp>ison ) ! ,elzevir text & ) t ( ,tis*5dorf-,gebh>dt 7#ahid74 ,f :at s\rce ,s*jtt d]iv$ 8 k ( ! ,vaticanus & ! ,s9aiticus is n m5tion$4 ,! photograph ( ! =m] seems n to h be5 employ$4 ,,lit]ature4--,novum ,te/am5tum ,graece ad fidem te/ium vetu/issimorum recognovit necnon v>iantes lectiones ex editionibus ,elzeviriana et ,tis*5dorfiana subjunxit ,fr4 ,s*jtt4 ,hauniae1 #ahig1 pp4 xi4 #efb4 ,sid5ote3 ,baljon4 ,! edition ( ,j4 ,m4 ,s4 ,,baljon is 9 ! ma9 an abridgm5t ( ,tis*5dorf's octava maior4 ,he avails himself1 h[ev]1 ( lat] discov]ies1 su* z ! ,s9ai-,syriac ,palimpse/ = ! ,gospels1 & ! ,syriac v]sion publi%$ by ,gwynn = ! ,apocalypse4 ,9 ,acts1 ,blass's re/oration ( ! s-call$ ,=ma ,romana is regul>ly indicat$4 ,no o!r edition1 = "o ?+1 %[s m conv5i5tly :]e rec5t s*ol>s recognise glosses or o!r int]polations1 or propose transpositions or conjectural em5dations & su* l4 ,s f>1 !re=e1 x may be comm5d$ to ^? :o d n possess an edition ) a m copi\s critical app>atus4 ,b ev5 ,baljon's ,new ,te/am5t fails to realise ! ideal ( a practical edition4 ,,lit]ature4--,novum ,te/am5tum ,graece praes]tim 9 usum /udiosorum recognovit ,j4 ,m4 ,s4 ,baljon1 ,gron+ae1 #ahih1 pp4 xxiii4 #gca4 ,! fir/ #cbj pages are also issu$ sep>ately z ,volum5 primum cont95s ,evangelia ,mat?aei1 ,m>ci1 ,lucae et ,ioannis4 ,vide ,b\sset 9 ! ,!ologis*e ,runds*au = ,july #ahih4 ,sid5ote3 ,ca?olic editions4 ,f ! ,ca?olic side little has be5 done 9 ,g]many 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( s*ol>%ip = a long "t4 ,9 #ahba ,aloys ,,gratz repr9t$ ! ,complut5sian at ,tb+52 :ile ,le&] van ,,ess issu$ an edition :i* comb9$ ! ,complut5sian & ,erasmus's fif? edition4#ag ,?is also appe>$ at ,tb+5 9 #ahbg4 ,bo? ( ^! conta9$ ! ,vulgate1 & %[$ :]e rec5t editions gave a diff]5t text4 ,reuss m5tions two ,synopses1 "o by ,joseph ,,gehr+] 7,tb+51 #ahdb1 #do71 ! o!r by ,fr4 ,x4 ,,patricius 7,freiburg1 #ahec1 #do71 & two small editions1 "o ( :i*1 by ,a4 ,,jaumann 7,muni*1 #ahcb71 0 ! fir/ to be pr9t$ 9 ,bav>ia4 ,! o!r is by ,fr4 ,x4 ,,rei?may] 7,muni*1 #ahdg71 & closely foll[s ! text ( ,la*mann4 ,!re has also appe>$ rec5tly at ,innsbruck a ,greek-,lat9 edition 9 two volumes by ,mi*ael ,,hetz5au]1 a ,capu*94 ,! fir/ volume conta9s ! ,evangelium & ! second ! ,apo/olicum4 ,b z ! /rict ,ca?olic is b\nd by ! decision ( ! ,holy ,(fice1 ,hetz5au]'s edition h>dly falls to be consid]$ "h4 ,a resolution ( ! ,holy ,(fice ( #ac? ,janu>y #ahig pron\nc$ ev5 ! ,comma ,johanneum 7#a ,john v4 #g7 to be an integral "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,?is 0 confirm$ by ! ,pope on ! #ae? ,janu>y1 & publi%$ 9 ! ,monitore ,ecclesia/ico ( ! #bh? ,febru>y ( ! same ye>4 ,an edition 9 ,greek & ,lat9 0 issu$ by ,,br&s*eid at ,freiburg 9 #ahic4 ,x is impossible to enum]ate "h editions ( sep>ate books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,_m ( ^! are 9 ! =m ( ,comm5t>ies4 ,9 addition to ! works ( ,blass1 to :i* ref]5ce w be made lat]1 m5tion may be made "h ( a rec5t & mo/ ?or\gh piece ( "w--viz41 ,! ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,m>k3 ,! ,greek ,text1 ) ,introduction & ,notes1 by ,h5ry ,b>clay ,,swete1 ,d4,d41 pp4 cx4 #dab 7,london1 ,macmillan1 #ahih72 also ( ,! ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,luke aft] ! ,we/cott-,hort text1 edit$ ) p>allels1 illu/rations1 v>i\s read+s1 & notes1 by ! ,rev4 ,ar?ur ,wright3 ,london1 ,macmillan1 #aijj2 & ( ,hilg5feld's edition ( ! ,acts 9 ,greek & ,lat94 ,b]l91 #ahii4 ,sid5ote3 ,apocrypha & ,pseudepigrapha4 ,nor c we ent] p>ticul>ly ! field ( e>ly ,*ri/ian ,apocrypha & ,pseudepigrapha4 ,^? :o _c obta9 ,hilg5feld's ,novum ,te/am5tum extra ,canonem ,receptum1 or ,res*'s ,agrapha1 or ! editions ( ,tis*5dorf1 ,lipsius1 & ,bonnet1 w f9d a h&y & inexp5sive selection 9 my ,supplem5t to ,gebh>dt's editions ( ,tis*5dorf4 ,,lit]ature4--,novi ,te/am5ti ,graeci ,supplem5tum editionibus de ,gebh>dt-,tis*5dorfianis adcommodavit ,eb4 ,ne/le4 ,insunt ,codicis ,cantabrigi5sis ,collatio1 ,evangeliorum dep]ditorum ,fragm5ta1 ,dicta ,salvatoris ,agrapha1 ,alia4 ,lipsiae 7,tau*nitz71 #ahif1 pp4 #if4 ,!re c be no "q t 9 ^! la/ m5tion$ editions :i* h be5 br\ght out at ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 we h a text correspond+ f> m closely to ! orig9al ?an t conta9$ 9 ! fir/ editions ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t issu$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! sixte5? c5tury1 on :i* are bas$ ! translations into mod]n languages us$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian *ur*es ( ,europe at ! pres5t "t4 ,x w\ld be a va/ mi/ake1 h[ev]1 to conclude f ! textual agreem5t display$ 9 ^! late/ editions1 t rese>* 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( ,new ,te/am5t /udy has rea*$ its goal4 ,j z explor]s1 9 excavat+ ! ru9$ temples ( ,olympia or ,delphi1 are able f ! fragm5ts !y discov] to recon/ruct ! temple1 to _! m9d's eye at lea/1 9 its anci5t glory--albeit x is actually 9 ru9s--s too1 mu* "w rema9s to be done ere ev5 all ! mat]ials are re-collect$1 & ! plan det]m9$ :i* %all p]mit u to re/ore ! ,temple ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ,scriptures to its orig9al =m4 ,footnote #b3 ,!y 7 re9s]t$ 9 ! libr>y on ! #bcrd ,augu/4 ,footnote #c3 ,m>y's ,hymn1 ,luke i4 #df-ee2 & ,hymn ( ,za*>ias1 ,luke i4 #fh-gi4 ,footnote #d3 8,nec eis sane quibuslibet1 s$ vetu/issimis simul et em5datissimis40 ,footnote #e3 ,at ! pres5t "t ?is text ( ,erasmus is /ill dissem9at$ by t5s & ev5 hundr$s ( ?\s&s by ! ,briti% & ,=eign ,bible ,society ( ,london4 ,to ?is day ! ^w is pr9t$ 9 _! editions at ,apoc4 xvii4 #d1 ?\gh !re is no su* ^w 9 ! ,greek language z 1 mean+ uncleanness4 ,9 ! conclud+ v]ses ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* 7 retranslat$ by ,erasmus f 8 ,lat9 ,bible1 !re /&s ! lovely future = 4 ,we f9d also con/ructions l 1 1 9 c4 xvii4 #h1 :]e1 h[ev]1 ! acc5tuation makes ,erasmus responsible = an additional error he did n commit1 see+ t he at lea/ pr9t$ 4 ,e college lad kn[s t is con/ru$ ) ! p>ticiple1 ?\gh x is n p]haps e "o t w see j at once t is ! correct read+4 ,cf4 ,m>k xv4 #f1 :]e ! ,,mss4 fluctuate 9 l mann] betwe5 & 747 ,o!r in/ances :]e ! ,textus ,receptus has adopt$ ! read+ ( ,erasmus 9 spite ( ! fact t x is unsupport$ by any kn[n ,,ms4 are to be f\nd1 e4g4 9 #a ,pet4 ii4 #f 7 7 & 9 #b ,cor4 i4 #f4 ,lu!r1 :o us$ ,erasmus's second edition ( #aeai1 foll[$ him 9 say+ ( ! ,bea/1 8t is n al?\gh x is40 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n s rem>kable z t 9 ! ye> #ahhc su* ?+s 7 /ill all[$ to /& 9 ! fir/ impression ( ! ,revis$ ,v]sion ( ,lu!r's ,bible issu$ by ! ,conf]5ce ( ,g]man ,evangelical ,*ur*es1 & only remov$ 9 _! la/ ,revision ( #ahib4 ,! error 9 ,apoc4 xvii4 #h 0 copi$ into ! ,engli% ,au?oris$ ,v]sion ( #afaa 78is n & yet is07 b 0 correct$ by ! ,revis]s ( #ahhd 78is n & %all come074 ,footnote #f3 ,facsimile 9 ,s*aff's ,companion4 ,footnote #g3 ,facsimile 9 ,s*aff's ,companion4 ,footnote #h3 ,facsimiles ( ,folio #aeih & ,octavo #afjd 9 ,s*aff's ,companion4 ,footnote #i3 ,copies ( ! ,p>isian ,polyglot n[ co/ ab\t #f4 ,footnote #aj3 ,facsimile 9 ,s*affs's ,companion4 ,footnote #aa3 ,facsimile 9 ,s*aff's ,companion4 ,footnote #ab3 ,facsimile 9 ,s*aff's ,companion4 ,footnote #ac3 ,facsimile ( ! second edition1 ,halle & ,london1 #agif1 9 ,s*aff's ,companion4 ,footnote #ad3 ,facsimile 9 ,s*aff's ,companion4 ,footnote #ae3 ,facsimiles ( ! edition ( #ahda1 & ! octava maior #ahgb1 9 ,s*aff's ,companion4 ,footnote #af3 ,facsimile 9 ,s*aff's ,companion4 ,footnote #ag3 ,van ,ess's edition 0 issu$ ) two diff]5t title-pages4 ,"o ( ^! gives ! names ( ! ,prote/ant editors1 ,mat?aei & ,griesba*4 ,b ! o!r omits ! names toge!r ) ! ,not&a on ! back ( ! title-page1 s t ! read] is left 9 ! d>k z to ! mean+ ( ! symbols ,gb1 ,m1 etc41 9 ! m>g94 ,mo/ copies omit ! ,introduction1 :i* conta9s ! ,pope's sanction ( ! editions ( ,erasmus & ,xim5es4 ,,*apt] ,,ii4 ,,mat]ials ,,( ,,! ,,textual ,,criticism ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,ev5 9 ! age ( pr9t+1 & ) all ! security af=d$ by t inv5tion1 x is n always easy or ev5 possible to exhibit or re/ore ! lit]>y productions ( a great m9d 9 _! orig9al =m4 ,"o has b to ?9k ( ! obscurity 9 :i* ! works ( ,%akespe>e & _! e>ly editions are envelop$1 or ! que/ions rais$ ov] ! ,weim> edition ( ,lu!r's works4 ,& ev5 :5 ! au?or's orig9al manuscript is /ill pres]v$1 b ! pro(-%eets1 z is usual1 de/roy$1 we _c always be c]ta9 :e!r occasional discrepancies betwe5 ! pr9t & ! manuscript are int5tional or n4 ,nay1 ev5 :5 ! two agree1 !re is /ill ! possibility t :at ! au?or wrote & all[$ to be pr9t$ 0 n :at he ?\ght or int5d$ to be read4 ,did ,less+1 e4g41 mean u to read 9 ,na?an ii4 #e1 #dic1 8! great man requires always pl5ty ( room10 or 8! great tree0 does s8 ,v>i\s writ]s1 9 speak+ ( ?is or t arti/'s tal5ts or dext]ity1 h us$ ! words 8haud impigre40 ,to take !m at _! ^w1 ! object ( _! praise _h no su* end[m5t beyond ! common4 ,we may be c]ta9 t :at !y meant to convey 0 ! v opposite ( :at !y actually wrote1 viz4 8haud pigre0 or 8impigre40 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 ! pur*as] ( a mod]n classic may rely ^u read+ x 9 ! =m 9 :i* ! au?or int5d$ x to be circulat$4 ,x is q diff]5t 9 ! case ( ^? works :i* 7 compos$ at a "t :5 _! multiplication 0 only possible by means ( copy+1 & specially s 9 ! case ( ^? t are old] by a ?\s& ye>s ?an ! inv5tion ( pr9t+4 ,= !n e fre% copy 0 a fre% s\rce ( errors1 ev5 :5 ! copyi/ 0 z pa9fully exact z x 0 possible = him to be4 ,x is simply a/oni%+1 9 view ( all ! p]ils to :i* lit]>y works h be5 expos$1 to f9d h[ mu* has be5 pres]v$1 &1 on ! :ole1 h[ fai?fully4 ,sid5ote3 ,autographs4 ,! matt] is1 ( c\rse1 q a simple "o1 :5 by good =tune ! au?or's own manuscript1 8 autograph1 is extant4 ,! ab/ract possibility ( ?is be+ s 9 ! case ( ! ,new ,te/am5t writ+s _c be d5i$4 ,?anks to ! dryness ( ! climate ( ,egypt & ! excell5ce ( anci5t writ+ mat]ial1 we h docum5ts m ?an twice ! age t ! ,new ,te/am5t autographs w\ld be to-day did we possess !m4 ,n[ & aga9 we f9d a report circulat$ 9 ! newspap]s t su* an orig9al docum5t has be5 f\nd1--( ,pet]1 e4g41 or "s o!r ,apo/le4 ,ab\t ! ye> #dhi x 0 ass]t$ t ! orig9al copy ( ,mat!w _h be5 discov]$ 9 ! grave ( ,b>nabas 9 ,cyprus4 ,& to ! eyes ( ! dev\t !re are /ill exhibit$ n only ! ,inscription f ! ,cross1 b works f ! arti/ h& ( ,luke4 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 we h no long] ! autograph ( a s+le ,new ,te/am5t book4 ,_! disappe>ance is readily und]/ood :5 we consid] t ! great] portion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 viz4 ! ,epi/les1 are occasional writ+s nev] int5d$ = publication1 :ile o!rs 7 meant to h only a limit$ circulation4 ,ev5 9 ! e>ly ages ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*1 :5 !re mu/ h be5 frequ5t occasion to appeal to !m1 ! autographs 7 no long] 9 exi/5ce4 ,t]tullian 7,de ,praescriptione ,ha]eticorum1 #cf7 m5tions ,!ssalonica among ! cities 9 :i* he believ$ ! lett]s ( ! ,apo/les t 7 address$ !re 7 /ill read f autograph copies4#ah 8,p]curre ecclesias apo/olicas1 apud quas ipsae adhuc ca!drae apo/olorum suis locis praesid5t1 apud quas ipsae au!nticae lit]ae eorum recitantur1 sonantes vocem et repraes5tantes faciem uniuscuiusque40 ,b :5 ! same au?or1 9 8 ,de ,monogamia1 speaks ( 8,graecum au!nticum10 he ref]s n to ! autograph1 b to ! orig9al text z di/+ui%$ f a v]sion4 ,on ! copy ( ,mat!w's ,gospel f\nd 9 ! grave ( ,b>nabas 9 ,cyprus1 vide ,!odorus ,lector 7,migne1 #hf1 #ahi72 ,sev]us ( ,antio* 9 ,assemani1 ,biblio!ca ,ori5talis1 ii4 #ha2 ,vitae omnium #ac ,apo/olorum3 444 4#ai ,9 ! ,imp]ial ,c\rt ,*apel ! lessons 7 read f ?is copy on ,holy ,?ursday ( e ye>4 ,vide ,fabricius1 ,evv4 ,apocr41 #cda4 ,on ! suppos$ autograph ( ,m>k 9 ,v5ice see ,jos4 ,dobr[sky1 ,fragm5tum ,prag5se ,ev4 ,s4 ,m>ci1 vulgo autographi1 ,prague1 #aggh4 ,x is really a fragm5t ( a ,lat9 manuscript ( ! ,vulgate1 dat+ f ! sev5? c5tury1 ( :i* o!r fragm5ts exi/ 9 ,prague4 ,9 ! ,*ronicon ,pas*ale !re is a note on ! read+ = 9 ,john xix4 #ad1 to ! foll[+ effect3-- 1 4 ,b5gel himself said on #a ,john v4 #g3--8;,et tam5 etiam atque etiam sp]>e licet1 si non autographum ,johanneum1 at alios vetu/issimos codices graecos1 qui hanc p]io*am habeant1 9 occultis provid5tiae div9ae =ulis adhuc lat5tes1 suo tempore productum iri40 7,n4,t4 #dbj1 #fjb1 #ggj47 ,9 dispro( ( an alleg$ autograph ( ,pet]1 see ,lag>de1 ,aus dem deuts*5 ,gelehrt5leb51 ,gtt+51 #ahhj1 p4 #aag f4 ,on leg5ds ( ?is sort among ! ,poli% ,jews1 on ! autograph copy ( ! ,prov]bs t ,solomon s5t to ! ,que5 ( ,%eba1 & n[ 9 ! possession ( ! ,que5 ( ,engl&1 etc41 vide ,s4 ,s*e*t]1 ,die ,hebraica 9 d] ,biblio!k des ,britis*5 ,museums1 9 ! ,jdis*es ,lit]atur-,blatt = #ahhh1 ,no4 #df4 ,at ! ,six? ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil ( #fhj-a1 :i* ,h>nack 7,,dg4 ii4 #djh7 says might be call$ ! 8,c\ncil ( ,antiqu>ies & ,palaeograph]s01 inve/igations 7 in/itut$ 9 ?is dep>tm5t ) "s success4 ,j4 ,g4 ,b]g]1 ,de ,autographis ,vet]um1 ,vit5b41 #agbc4 #do4 ,j4 ,r4 ,h>ris1 ,new ,te/am5t ,autographs 7,supplem5t to ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,philology1 ,no4 #ab71 ,baltimore1 #ahhb4 ,) ?ree plates4 ,9 ?is connection ref]5ce might be made to ! falsifications ( ,con/ant9e ,simonides3 ,facsimiles ( c]ta9 portions ( ! ,gospel ( ,/4 ,mat!w1 & ( ! ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,james & ,/4 ,jude1 writt5 on papyrus ( ! fir/ c5tury4 ,london1 #ahfb4 ,fol4 ,sid5ote3 ,manuscripts4 ,see+1 !n1 t ! autographs ( ! ,new ,te/am5t books h all p]i%$1 we h to d z 9 ! case ( ! ,greek & ,lat9 classics1 viz4 apply to lat] copies ( !m1 ! s-call$ manuscripts ( :i* frequ5t m5tion has already be5 made4 ,b :ile 9 ! case ( mo/ lit]>y products ( antiquity ^! manuscript copies are ! only s\rces :5ce we may d]ive our k ( !m1 we are happily m =tunate 9 reg>d to ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,v]sions4 ,! new fai? v e>ly & v rapidly spread to di/ant peoples speak+ o!r languages ?an t 9 :i* ! ,gospel 0 fir/ prea*$4 ,inde$1 ev5 9 its native l& ( ,pale/9e1 sev]al languages 7 9 use at ! same "t4 ,accord+ly1 at a v e>ly date1 z e>ly z ! second1 & p]haps1 9 ! case ( fragm5ts1 ev5 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 !re arose 9 ! ,ea/1 & 9 ! ,s\?1 & 9 ! ,we/1 v]sions ( ! ,*ri/ian books v soon aft] _! composition4 ,at fir/ only sep>ate portions w\ld be translat$1 b z "t w5t on v]sions ( ! entire ,new ,te/am5t made _! appe>ance4 ,manife/ly1 ! value = our purpose ( ^! v]sions dep5ds on _! age & accuracy4 ,x is impossible1 )\t fur!r k1 to be c]ta9 :e!r a ,greek copyi/ ( lat] c5turies foll[$ 8 orig9al q fai?fully or n4 ,b a ,lat9 v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* dates f ! second c5tury1 e4g41 w repres5t ) tol]able c]ta9ty ! second c5tury ,greek manuscript f :i* x is d]iv$1 ev5 suppos+ t our pres5t copy ( t v]sion is n e>li] ?an ! six? c5tury or ev5 lat]4 ,b ^! v]sions conf] yet ano!r advantage4 ,9 ! case ( mo/1 & c]ta9ly ( ! olde/ ,greek manuscripts1 we d n "k 9 :at c\ntry !y orig9at$4 ,b x is q c]ta9 t a ,lat9 v]sion c\ld n h orig9at$ 9 ,egypt1 or a ,coptic v]sion 9 ,gaul4 ,9 ?is way we may le>n f ! v]sions h[ ! text ( ! ,bible read at a p>ticul> "t & 9 a p>ticul> region4 ,la/ly1 if x %\ld happ5 t sev]al v]sions orig9at+ 9 q isolat$ regions1 9 ! ,lat9 ,we/1 & 9 ! ,syrian ,ea/1 & 9 ! ,egyptian ,s\?1 agree1 !n we may be c]ta9 t :at is common to !m all mu/ g back to ! e>lie/ times & to _! common orig9al4 ,sid5ote3 ,quotations4 ,9 addition to ! ,greek manuscripts & ! v]sions1 we h /ill a ?ird & by no means unimportant class ( mat]ial t we c employ 9 recon/ruct+ our text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,we possess an uncommonly ri* ,*ri/ian lit]ature1 :i* ga!rs volume f ! second half1 or1 at all ev5ts1 f ! la/ qu>t] ( ! fir/ c5tury onw>ds4 ,n[1 :at an e>ly ,*ur* tea*]1 or1 = t matt]1 :at any e>ly writ] quotes f ! ,new ,te/am5t w h = u its own v peculi> importance1 "u c]ta9 conditions4 ,because1 z a rule1 we "k precisely :]e & :5 he liv$4 ,s t by means ( ^! patri/ic quotations we are enabl$ to locate our anci5t manuscripts ( ! ,bible ev5 m exactly1 & trace _! hi/ory fur!r ?an we are able to d ) ! help ( ! v]sions4 ,"h1 ( c\rse1 we mu/ make sure t our au?or has quot$ accurately & n loosely f memory1 & also t ! quotations 9 8 book h be5 accurately pres]v$ & n accommodat$ to ! curr5t text ( _! "t by lat] copyi/s or ev5 by editors ( pr9t$ editions1 z has actually be5 done ev5 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,we %all n[ proce$ to describe ^! ?ree classes ( auxili>ies4 ,,lit]ature4--,w4 ,watt5ba*1 ,anleitung zur grie*is*5 ,palaeographie1 #bnd ed41 ,leipzig1 #ahgg2 ,v4 ,g>d?aus51 ,grie*is*e ,palaeographie1 ,leipzig1 #ahgi2 ,fr4 ,blass1 ,palaeographie1 ,b*]wes51 und ,h&s*rift5kunde1 9 ,i4 v4 ,mll]'s ,h&bu* d] klassis*5 ,alt]?umswiss5s*aft1 #bnd ed41 vol4 i41 ,muni*1 #ahib2 ,e4 ,m4 ,?ompson1 ,h&book ( ,greek & ,lat9 ,palaeography1 ,london1 #ahia2 ,t4 ,birt1 ,das antike ,bu*wes51 ,b]l91 #ahhb2 ,w4 ,a4 ,cop+]1 ,! ,bible & its ,transmission2 ,f4 ,g4 ,k5yon1 ,our ,bible & ! anci5t ,manuscripts1 ,london1 ?ird edition1 #ahig2 ,f4 ,h4 ,a4 ,scriv5]1 ,six ,lectures on ! ,text ( ! ,n4,t4 & ! anci5t ,manuscripts :i* conta9 x1 ,cambridge & ,london1 #ahge2 ,a ,collation ( ab\t #bj ,manuscripts ( ! ,holy ,gospels1 ,london1 #ahec2 ,adv]s>ia critica sacra1 ,cambridge1 #ahic2 ,hoski]2 ,urt41 pp4 #af1 #ed2 ,o4 ,weise1 ,s*rift- und ,bu*wes5 9 alt] und neu] ,zeit1 ,leipzig 7,teubn]71 #ahii 7) ,facsimiles3 a popul> "w72 ,f4 ,g4 ,k5yon1 ,! ,palaeography ( ,greek ,papyri1 ,ox=d1 #ahii 7) #bj ,facsimiles & a ,table ( ,alphabets1 pp4 viii41 #afj72 ,ulr4 ,wilck51 ,tafeln zur lt]5 grie*is*5 ,palaeographie1 ,na* ,orig9al5 des ,b]l9] ,k4 ,museums1 ,b]l9 & ,leipzig1 #ahia 7) #bj photographs72 ,g4 ,vitelli e ,c4 ,paoli1 ,collezione ,fior5t9a di facsimili paleografici greci e lat9i1 ,fir5ze1 #ahhd-ahig 7) #ej ,greek ,plates & #ej ,lat91 ,folio72 ,*>les ,f4 ,sitt]ly1 ,praxis 9 ,manuscripts ( ! ,greek ,te/am5t2 ! me*anical & lit]>y processes involv$ 9 _! writ+ & pres]vation 7) table ( ,manuscripts & #ac ,facsimile ,plates71 ,new ,york & ,c9c9nati1 #ahih1 second enl>g$ edition1 #aijj2 ,f4 ,c>ta1 ,c4 ,cipolla e ,c4 ,frati1 ,monum5ta ,palaeographica sacra3 ,atlante paleografico-arti/ico compo/o sui manuscritti1 ,tur91 #ahii2 ,k>l ,dziatzko1 ,unt]su*ung5 b] ausgewhlte ,kapitel des antik5 ,bu*wes5s4 ,mit ,text1 ,ueb]setzung und ,erklrung von ,pl9ii ,hi/or4 ,nat41 lib4 xiii4 #fh1 #fi1 ,leipzig1 ,teubn]1 #aijj4 #a4 ,,manuscripts4 ,sid5ote3 ,numb] ( manuscripts4 ,= no lit]>y production ( antiquity is !re su* a weal? ( manuscripts z = ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,our classical s*ol>s w\ld rejoice 7 !y z =tunate ) ,hom] or ,sophocles1 ,plato or ,ari/otle1 ,cic]o or ,tacitus1 z ,bible /ud5ts are ) _! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! olde/ complete manuscript ( ,hom] t we h dates f ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & only sep>ate papyrus fragm5ts g back to ! ,alex&rian age4 ,all t is extant ( ,sophocles we owe to a s+le manuscript dat+ f ! eigh? or n9? c5tury 9 ! ,laur5tian ,libr>y at ,flor5ce4 ,b ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 #chbi manuscripts h be5 catalogu$ up till ! pres5t4 ,a sy/ematic se>* 9 ! libr>ies ( ,europe might add /ill m to ! li/2 a se>* 9 ^? ( ,asia & ,egypt w\ld c]ta9ly d s4 ,gregory believes t !re are probably "s two or ?ree ?\s& manuscripts :i* h n yet be5 collat$1 & e ye> additional manuscripts are br\ght to light4 ,mo/ ( ^! are1 ( c\rse1 late1 & conta9 only sep>ate portions1 "s ( !m m]e fragm5ts1 ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4#bj ,n a few1 h[ev]1 g mu* fur!r back ?an our manuscripts ( ! ,hebrew ,old ,te/am5t & mo/ ( ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,classics4 ,only 9 ! case ( ! ,mohamm$an sacr$ books is ! condition ( ?+s m fav\rable4 ,^! came into exi/5ce 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 & ! v>iations betwe5 sep>ate manuscripts are a vani%+ quantity1 because ! text ( ! ,koran 0 (ficially fix$ at a v e>ly date & reg>d$ z inviolably sacr$4 ,=tunately1 "o might almo/ say1 x is q diff]5t ) ! ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* 0 put toge!r 9 a totally diff]5t way4 ,9 its case ! v greate/ fre$om prevail$ = at lea/ a c5tury & a half4 ,! manuscripts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t be+ s num]\s1 x becomes necess>y to arrange !m4 ,"o ( ! mo/ important consid]ations hi!rto has be5 t ( age1 & !re=e manuscripts h be5 divid$ into ,uncials 7or ,majuscules7 & ,cursives 7or ,m9uscules71 accord+ to ! /yle ( writ+ 9 use at e>li] or lat] times4 ,sid5ote3 ,uncial1 & ,cursive script4 ,9 e>ly times1 z at ! pres5t day1 inscriptions on monum5ts & public build+s 7 engrav$ 9 capital lett]s4 ,?is =m ( writ+ 0 also employ$ = books1 especially ^? conta9+ valuable or sacr$ writ+4 ,! lett]s 7 n jo9$ toge!r1 b set d[n side by side4#ba ,!y 7 call$ litt]ae majusculae1 capitales1 unciales1 i4e4 8in*-high10 z ,j]ome says ) ridicule--uncialibus ut vulgo aiunt litt]is on]a magis ex>ata quam codices4 ,alongside ( ?is !re arose1 ev5 previ\s to ! ,*ri/ian era1 a small] ,cursive =m 7,m9usculae71 = use 9 common life1 9 :i* ! lett]s 7 jo9$4#bb ,?is runn+ h& f\nd its way into manuscripts ( ! ,bible 9 ! c\rse ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,9 "s cases1 9 ,codex e4g41 bo? /yles are f\nd alongside or foll[+ ea* o!r4#bc ,! olde/ ,cursive manuscript ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! exact date ( :i* is kn[n1 is #dha;evv42 x be>s ! date #hce4 ,! great majority ( ,new ,te/am5t manuscripts belong to ?is lat] date1 see+ t out ( ! #chbi manuscripts !re are only #abg ,uncials to #cgjb ,m9uscules4 ,greek copyi/s n be+ accu/om$ to date _! manuscripts exactly1 x becomes ! task ( palography to settle ! crit]ia by :i* ! date & place ( a manuscript's orig9 may be det]m9$4 ,^! are ! /yle ( writ+--:e!r angul> or r\nd1 upright or slop+1 ! punctuation--:e!r simple or elaborate1 & ! diff]5t mat]ial & =m ( ! book4 ,^! di/9ctions1 h[ev]1 are (t5 v mislead+4 ,! foll[+ table w %[ ! di/ribution ( ! manuscripts accord+ to ! c5turies 9 :i* !y 7 writt51 z giv5 by ,voll]t1 ,scriv5]1 & von ,gebh>dt#bd3-- ,voll]t4 ,scriv5]4 v4 ,gebh>dt4 ,i,vth ,c5tury1 #e 444 #b ,v? 8 #d #aj #ae ,v,ith 0 #ah #bb #bd ,v,i,ith 8 #f #i #ag ,v,i,i,ith 0 #h #h #ai ,i,xth 8 #bc 444 #ca ,x? 0 #d 444 #f ,sid5ote3 ,papyrus & p>*m5t4 ,manuscripts are di/+ui%$ accord+ to ! mat]ial on :i* !y are writt51 :i* may be ei!r p>*m5t or pap]4 ,p>*m5t d]ives its "n f ,p]gamum1 :]e x 0 introduc$ 9 ! reign ( ,k+ ,eum5es 7#aig-aei ,b4,c474 ,b prior to ! use ( p>*m5t1 & to a c]ta9 ext5t alongside ( x1 papyrus 0 us$1 especially 9 ,egypt1 d[n to ! "t ( ! ,mohamm$an ,conque/4 ,papyrus books 7 orig9ally 9 ! =m ( rolls 7volum9a74 ,only a few fragm5ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t on papyrus rema94 ,! use ( p>*m5t gave rise to ! book or ,codex =m4 ,9 ! case ( p>*m5t codices1 a fur!r di/9ction is drawn betwe5 ^? made ( vellum manufactur$ f ! sk9s ( v "y calves1 & ^? made ( common p>*m5t f ! sk9s ( %eep1 goats1 & antelopes4 ,sid5ote3 ,pap]4 ,z e>ly z ! eigh? c5tury 7n ! n9?71 ! s-call$ cotton pap] 7*>ta bombyc9a7 0 introduc$ f ! ,ea/4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 nev] consi/$ ( pure cotton1 b r ( flax & hemp4 ,x _h be5 9 use = a long "t 9 ,*9a & ! c5tre ( ,ea/]n ,asia1 b seems to h be5 unkn[n 9 ,syria & ,egypt till aft] ! fall ( ,sam>c& 9 #gjd4 ,f ! ?irte5? c5tury onw>ds1 pap] made ( l95 0 employ$4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 bo? papyrus & p>*m5t are ref]r$ to4 ,9 #b ,tim4 iv4 #ac1 ,paul asks t ! he _h left at ,troas might be br\ght to him1 & 1 b specially 4 ,"h1 means cloak r ?an sat*el2 are ! papyrus books1 possibly 8 ,old ,te/am5t1 :ile are clean %eets ( p>*m5t4 ,9 #b ,john #ab ! ^w is us$ ( papyrus4 ,!re1 & 9 #c ,john #ac1 is ! ink1 & ! 7lat4 canna7 is ! re$ p51 /ill us$ = writ+ 9 ! ,ea/4 ,! quill p51 /range to say1 is n m5tion$ prior to ! "t ( ,!odoric ! ,o/rogo? 9 ! six? c5tury4 ,! size ( a %eet ( writ+ pap] may be inf]r$ f ! passages 9 #bnd & #crd ,john allud$ to above4 ,sid5ote3 ,scriptio cont9ua4 ,9 ord] to economize space1 ! writ+ 0 cont9u\s1 ) no break betwe5 ! words 7scriptio cont9ua71 brea?+s & acc5ts be+ also omitt$4 ,?is is a frequ5t s\rce ( ambiguity & misund]/&+4 ,9 ,matt4 ix4 #ah1 e4g41 may be ei!r or 4 ,9 ,m>k x4 #dj1 0 r5d]$ 8aliis praep>atum10 be+ read in/ead ( ' 4 ,9 ,matt4 xvi4 #bc1 may be tak5 ei!r z or ' 4 ,9 #a ,cor4 xii4 #bh1 aga91 ! ,e?iopic translator read in/ead ( 4 ,! ,pale/9ian-,syriac ,lection>y translates #a ,tim4 iii4 #af z ?\gh x 7 4 ,!re is some?+ to be said = ?is1 b ,nab]'s propos$ read+ ( ,gal4 ii4 #aa1 1 _c be accept$4 ,sid5ote3 ,columns1 ,l9es4 ,mo/ manuscripts %[ two columns to ! page4 ,! ,s9aitic1 h[ev]1 has f\r1 :ile ! ,vatican has ?ree4 ,columns v>y consid]ably 9 wid?4 ,!y may be ! wid? ( a few lett]s only1 or ( an av]age hexamet] l9e ( sixte5 to eighte5 syllables or ab\t ?irty-six lett]s4 ,su* a l9e is call$ a 1 & z ! scribe 0 paid accord+ to ! numb] ( 1 we f9d at ! end ( sev]al books a note giv+ ! total numb] ( conta9$ 9 !m4 ,9 c>efully writt5 manuscripts1 e hundr$?1 sometimes e fiftie? is indicat$ 9 ! m>g94 ,^! /i*ometric additions 7 aft]w>ds adopt$ = ! entire ,bible4 ,_! value 9 _m respects w be obvi\s4 ,z ! *ur* increas$ 9 weal? & pre/ige1 ,new ,te/am5t manuscripts acquir$ a m sumptu\s =m1 ei!r f ! luxury ( ! ri* or ! pi\s devotion ( k+s & *ur*es4 ,sid5ote3 ,palimpse/s4 ,p>*m5t1 h[ev]1 grew m & m exp5sive1 & s ! practice arose ( us+ an old manuscript a second "t4 ,! orig9al writ+ 0 eras$ by means ( a sponge or pumice /one or a knife1 & ! %eets 7 !n employ$ to receive o!r matt]1 or x might ev5 be ! same matt] ov] aga94 ,& s we h ,codices ,rescripti or ,palimpse/i z !y 7 call$1 a t]m kn[n to ,cic]o1 :o says1 ?\gh ( a wax tablet1 8quod 9 palimpse/o1 laudo p>simoniam0 7ad ,div]sos vii4 #ah74 ,"s manuscripts 7 us$ z (t5 z ?ree times = di/9ct works 9 ?ree diff]5t languages e4g4 ,greek1 ,syriac1 & ,ib]ian4 ,codex ,ib is "o ( ^! ?rice us$ manuscripts1 be+ writt5 fir/ 9 ,greek & !n twice 9 ,syriac4 ,sid5ote3 ,punctuation4 ,m>ks ( punctuation are h>dly to be f\nd 9 ! e>lie/ times4 ,x 0 frequ5tly1 !re=e1 a "q ) *ur* tea*]s :e!r a s5t5ce 0 to be tak5 int]rogatively or indicatively1 or h[ ! s5t5ces 7 to be divid$1 z 9 ! case ( ,john i4 #c & #d4 ,9 ! g5]al abs5ce ( punctuation1 ! appe>ance ( quotation m>ks 9 "s ( ! olde/ manuscripts1 l ,codex ,vaticanus e4g41 to indicate citations f ! ,old ,te/am5t1 is rem>kable4 ,sid5ote3 ,size4 ,! size ( a manuscript v>ies f a l>ge folio1 :i* 9 ! case ( a p>*m5t codex mu/ h be5 v exp5sive1 to a small octavo4 ,9 regions inhabit$ by a mix$ population we f9d bil+ual manuscripts1 ,greek-,lat91 ,greek-,coptic1 ,greek-,arm5ian1 & su* l4 ,if ! manuscript 0 design$ = use 9 *ur*1 ! two languages 7 writt5 9 p>allel columns1 ! ,greek frequ5tly occupy+ ! left column or rev]se side ( ! %eet1 be+ ! place ( hon\r4 ,9 manuscripts int5d$ = use 9 s*ools1 ! translation 0 writt5 betwe5 ! l9es4 ,codex is an example ( a manuscript ) an int]l9e> v]sion ( ?is sort4 ,sid5ote3 ,cont5ts4 ,( m importance is ! di/9ction ( manuscripts accord+ to _! cont5ts4 ,( all our record$ ,uncials1 only "o conta9s ! :ole ( ! ,new ,te/am5t complete4 ,t is ! ,codex ,s9aiticus discov]$ by ,tis*5dorf 9 #ahei4 ,a few o!rs1 l ,codices ,vaticanus1 ,alex&r9us1 ,ephraemi1 7 once complete1 b are no long] s4 ,( ! lat] ,m9uscules1 "s tw5ty-five alone conta9 ! entire ,new ,te/am5t4 ,( ! ,engli% ,m9uscules1 five are complete4 ,! fragm5t>y nature ( our manuscripts is intelligible on two gr\nds4 ,"o is t a ,new ,te/am5t codex writt5 9 uncial *>act]s is a v bulky & pond]\s volume runn+ to ab\t #aej %eets4 ,comp>atively few w\ld be 9 a position to procure su* a co/ly "w all at once4 ,! o!r reason is t ! ,new ,te/am5t itself is n a s+le book1 b a s]ies ( diff]5t collections1 :i* at fir/1 & ev5 aft]w>ds1 7 circulat$ sep>ately4 ,to ! same reason is due ! great v>iety 9 ! ord] ( ! sev]al p>ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t f\nd 9 ! manuscripts1 & /ill1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 9 our pr9t$ editions4 ,x is n exactly kn[n :o x 0 t fir/ collect$ & inscrib$ 9 "o volume ! books & ! p>ts t n[ make up ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,su* a s+le volume ( ! entire ,new ,te/am5t 0 aft]w>ds kn[n z a 1 & 9 ,lat91 biblio!ca4 ,! p>ts into :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t is divid$ are-- #a4 ,! f\r ,gospels4 #b4 7a7 ,! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 7b7 ,! s-call$ ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 i4e4 ^? n address$ to any p>ticul> *ur* or individual1 viz41 ,james1 #a & #b ,pet]1 #a1 #b1 & #c ,john1 ,jude4 #c4 ,! ?irte5 ,paul9e ,epi/les1 or1 includ+ ,hebrews1 f\rte54 #d4 ,! ,apocalypse4 ,sid5ote3 ,lection>ies4 ,among ^! incomplete manuscripts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t may be class$ ! s-call$ lection>ies--i4e4 manuscripts conta9+ only ^? portions read at *ur* s]vices4 ,foll[+ ! cu/om ( ! ,synagogue1 9 :i* portions ( ! ,law & ! ,prophets 7 read at div9e s]vice ea* ,sabba? day1 ! practice 0 e>ly adopt$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ( read+ passages f ! ,new ,te/am5t books at s]vices4 ,a def9ite selection ( su* extracts 0 =m$ at an e>ly date f ! ,gospels & ,epi/les1 & ! cu/om arose ( arrang+ ^! accord+ to ! ord] ( ,sundays & ,holy days1 = great] conv5i5ce 9 use4 ,a collection ( select$ passages f ! ,gospels 0 call$ a 1 & 9 ,lat9 ,evangeli>ium1#be 9 di/9ction to ! books conta9+ ! cont9u\s text1 :i* 7 call$ 1 :ile ! selections f ! ,epi/les 7 kn[n z or 4 ,^! lection>ies1 ?\gh mo/ly ( lat] orig91 are nev]!less important z indicat+ ! (ficial text ( ! v>i\s prov9ces ( ! ,*ur*4 ,!y %[1 moreov]1 h[ sundry slight alt]ations f\nd _! way into ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,we c easily und]/& :y x is t manuscripts ( ! ,gospels are by f> ! mo/ num]\s1 :ile ^? ( ! la/ book ( ! ,new ,te/am5t are ! fewe/4 ,among ! ,uncials1 #gc conta9 ! ,gospels1 & only #g h ! ,apocalypse4 ,( ^! #gc ,uncials1 aga91 only #f1 viz4 ,b ,k ,m ,s ,u1 or1 if we include 1 only #g are q complete2 #i are almo/ s2 #aa exhibit ! great] "p ( ! ,gospels1 :ile ! rema9d] conta9 only fragm5ts4 ,( ! #bj ,uncials ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les1 only #a is entirely complete--viz41 2 #b are ne>ly complete1 ,d ,g2 #h h ! great] "p4 ,x is pla9 t our res\rces are n s great1 aft] all1 z ! numb] ( manuscripts giv5 above w\ld lead u to expect4 ,"h also !re are 1 4 ,p>*m5t4 ,! manufacture ( p>*m5t is p]haps old] ?an t ( papyrus4 ,x is said to owe bo? its "n & wide circulation z writ+ mat]ial to ! enc\ragem5t giv5 to its manufacture by ,eum5es ,,ii4 ( ,p]gamum 7#aig-aei ,b4,c474 ,pl9y's /ory1#bf :i* he gives on ! au?ority ( ,v>ro1 is t ,eum5es wi%$ to f\nd a libr>y :i* %\ld1 z f> z possible1 excel t ( ,alex&ria4 ,to fru/rate ?is int5tion ,ptolemy ,epiphanes prohibit$ ! exportation ( papyrus to ,asia ,m9or4 7,9 ! li/ ( pr9cipal exports ( ,alex&ria1 ,lumbroso#bg m5tions & 9 ! second place aft] 1 & 9 ! sev5?47 ,eum5es 0 accord+ly oblig$ to prep>e p>*m5t at ,p]gamum1 & h5ce its "n1 4 ,! "n fir/ occurs 9 ,diocletian's ,price-li/1#bh & 9 ,j]ome4 ,! ^w us$ 9 e>li] times 0 1#bi or 1#cj or z 9 #b ,tim4 iv4 #ac1 :i* la/ 0 tak5 f ! ,lat94 ,at fir/ p>*m5t 0 less valuable ?an papyrus1 & 0 us$ m = dome/ic & s*ool purposes ?an = ! mak+ ( books1 z ! writ+ 0 easi] eras$ f ! sk94 ,b x gradually supplant$ papyrus1 & ) its employm5t came also ! *ange f ! roll to ! 8codex0 =m ( book4 ,if papyrus 0 ! vehicle ( ,pagan ,greek lit]ature1 p>*m5t 0 ! means :]eby ! lit]ature ( ! new fai? became kn[n to mank9d1 & ! remnant ( ! anci5t culture at ! same "t pres]v$4 ,orig5's libr>y1 :i* /ill consi/$ = ! mo/ "p ( papyrus rolls1 0 re-writt5 9 p>*m5t volumes 71 corpus7 by two prie/s %ortly be=e ! "t ( ,j]ome4 ,our pr9cipal manuscripts ( ,philo are d]iv$ f "o ( ^! codices4#ca ,:5 ,con/ant9e ord]$ ,eusebius to provide a c]ta9 numb] ( ,bibles = pres5tation to ! *ur*es ( 8 ,empire1 he s5t him1 n rolls1 b codices1 4 ,p>*m5t 0 prep>$ f ! sk9s ( goats1 %eep1 calves1 asses1 sw9e1 & antelopes4 ,our olde/ manuscripts ( ! ,bible exhibit ! f9e/ & :ite/ p>*m5t4 ,! ,codex ,s9aiticus1 e4g41 displays ! v f9e/ prep>$ antelope sk91 & is ( su* a size t only two %eets c\ld be obta9$ f "o sk94 ,z a rule1 f\r %eets 7 fold$ into a quire 7quat]nio71 ! sep>ate %eets hav+ be5 previ\sly rul$ on ! gra9 side4 ,!y 7 laid ) ! fle% side to ! fle% side1 & ! gra9 side to ! gra9 side1 beg9n+ ) ! fle% side out]mo/1 s t 9 ea* quat]nio1 pages #a1 #d1 #e1 #h1 #i1 #ab1 #ac1 #af 7 :ite & smoo? ) ! l9es %[+ 9 relief1 :ile ! o!rs1 #b1 #c1 #f1 #g1 #aj1 #aa1 #ad1 #ae 7 d>k] & r\gh1 ) ind5t$ l9es4#cb ,sid5ote3 ,ink4 ,= writ+ on papyrus1 ink made ( soot 0 employ$4 ,?ree p>ts ( lamp-black 7 mix$ ) "o "p ( gum & dilut$ ) wat]4 ,?is ink1 h[ev]1 0 easily wa%$ (f1 & did n /ick well to p>*m5t1 & !re=e rec\rse 0 _h to ink made ( gall nuts4 ,sulphate ( iron 0 aft]w>ds add$ to x1 ) ! result t ! writ+ mat]ial is frequ5tly corrod$ ) ! ink4 ,f its hav+ be5 boil$ ! mixture 0 also call$ 1 h5ce our ^w 8ink0 7encre74 ,_m old recipes = mak+ ink are /ill pres]v$4#cc ,ev5 9 e>ly ,egyptian writ+1 col\r$ inks1 especially r$1 7 us$4 ,"o ( ! mo/ beautiful manuscripts extant is a ,syriac ,codex 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ( date #daa1 9 :i* ! r$1 blue1 gre51 & yell[ inks are /ill q fre%4 ,eusebius us$ c9nab> = numb]+ ! p>agraphs1 & ,j]ome makes m5tion ( m9ium or v]milion4 ,9 times ( great weal? p>*m5ts 7 dy$ purple & inscrib$ ) gold & silv] lett]s4 ,papyrus4 ,among anci5t writ]s1 ,pl9y gives ! fulle/ description ( ! prep>ation ( papyrus1 9 8 ,hi/oria ,naturalis1 xiii4 #aa4cd ,! %eets 7 prep>$1 n f ! b>k1 b f ! pi? ( ! plant4 ,?is 0 cut into /rips 77 z ?9 & broad1 &1 accord+ to "s1 z long z possible4 ,^! 7 laid side by side z firmly z might be1 to =m ! fir/ lay] 774 ,on ?is a second lay] 0 laid crosswise & fa/5$ to ! l[] ) moi/ure or gum4 ,! two lay]s 7 !n compress$ to =m ! writ+ %eet 771 :i* 0 c>efully dri$ & poli%$ ) ivory or a smoo? %ell4 ,! roll 71 7 consi/$ ( a numb] ( jo9$ toge!r to make "o long /rip--sometimes z mu* z #bj or #dj feet long1 or ev5 long]4 ,! upp] side1 ! side us$ = writ+ on1 0 ! "o 9 :i* ! fibres ran 9 a horizontal direction p>allel to ! edge ( ! roll4#ce ,! "u or out] side 0 only us$ 9 cases ( necessity4#cf ,! fir/ %eet 77 0 made /rong] ?an ! re/1 & its inn] edge 0 glu$ to a wood5 roll] 771 ) a knob at ! end 774 ,! m>g9 ( ! roll1 :at corresponds to ! edge ( our books1 0 frequ5tly glaz$ & col\r$1 :ile ! back 0 protect$ aga9/ worms & mo?s by be+ rubb$ ) c$> oil4 ,! title 0 inscrib$ on a sep>ate label ( p>*m5t 7 or 74 ,! sep>ate rolls 7 enclos$ 9 a lea!r case 7 or 1 see #b ,tim4 iv4 #ac71 & a numb] ( !m kept 9 a *e/ 7 or 74 ,on ! lit]ature cf4 also ,paul ,krg]1 ,ueb] die ,v]w5dung von ,papyrus und ,p]gam5t fr die juri/is*e ,litt]atur d] ,rm]1 ,zeits*rift d] ,savigny-,/iftung fr ,re*tsges*i*te4 ,roman section1 viii4 pp4 #gf-he 7#ahhg74 ,wilck51 ,ar*iv fr ,papyrus-,=s*ung und v]w&te ,gebiete1 ,leipzig1 ,teubn]4 ,f4 ,g4 ,k5yon1 ,palaeography ( ,greek ,papyri4 ,c4 ,haeb]l91 ,grie*is*e ,papyri1 ,leipzig1 #ahig3 8,ne>ly #aej ye>s h fl$ s9ce #dcb complete ,rolls & #ahjf ,papyrus ,fragm5ts 7 discov]$ 9 ! ye> #ageb at ,h]culaneum1 9 ! ,villa ( ,l4 ,calpurnius ,piso ,caeson9us1 ! pupil & fri5d ( ! ,epicurean philosoph] ,philodemus4 ,!n tw5ty-five ye>s lat] ! soil ( ,egypt1 t home & nurs]y ( lit]ature1 op5$ = ! fir/ "t to v\*safe to u a ,greek ,papyrus ,roll1 de/9$ to be ! =]unn] ( a s]ies ( discov]ies (t5 int]rupt$ b nev] ceas+ altoge!r4 ,x 01 p]*ance1 n ! only "o ( its k9d2 b out ( ! fifty rolls accid5tally discov]$ 9 ! ye> #aggh by ,arabian peasants 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,memphis1 x alone _h ! =tune to come into ! possession ( ,c>d9al ,/efano ,borgia4 ,! re/ 7 burn$ by _! unsuspect+ discov]]s1 :o f\nd a peculi> pleasure 9 ! res9\s od\r t arose f _! smok+ pyre40 ,pap]4 ,! collection ( manuscripts br\ght f ! ,ea/ by ! ,ar*duke ,ra9] gave a /imulus to ! /udy ( ! e>ly hi/ory ( pap]-mak+1 & at ! same "t suppli$ ! mat]ials = a m exact inve/igation ( ! subject ?an _h previ\sly be5 possible4 ,e>li] works1 !re=e1 l t ( ,g4 ,me]man1 ,de ,*>tae vulg>is seu l9eae ,orig9e1 ed4 ,j4 v4 ,vaass51 ,hagae ,comitum1 #agfg1 h be5 sup]s$$4 ,! manufacture ( pap] seems to h be5 introduc$ into ,europe by ! ,moors 9 ,spa91 :]e x w5t by ! "n ( p]gam5o de panno to di/+ui% x f ! p]gam5o de cu]o4 ,9 ! ,byzant9e ,empire x 0 call$ or 1 z be+ a vegetable product4 ,x came aft]w>ds to be kn[n z 1 f its *ief place ( manufacture4 ,! ,arabs introduc$ x into ,sicily1 :5ce x pass$ into ,italy4 ,aft] #abce1 we f9d pap] m5tion$ z "o ( ! exports ( ,g5oa4 ,european pap] is di/+ui%$ f t ( ,ea/]n manufacture *iefly by ! use ( wat] m>ks1 su* z ox-heads1 e4g41 :i* 7 unkn[n 9 ! ,ea/4 ,old] sorts ( pap] be> a great resemblance to p>*m5t4 ,! ,b5$ict9e monks1 :o own$ ! fragm5ts ( ,m>k's ,gospel pres]v$ 9 ,v5ice1 ass]t$ t !y 7 writt5 on b>k4 ,montfaucon decl>$ ! mat]ial to be papyrus4 ,massei said x 0 cotton pap]4 ,b ! microscope %[s x to be p>*m5t4 ,9 _m manuscripts a mixture ( p>*m5t & pap] is f\nd4 ,?is is s 9 ! ,leice/] ,codex1 9 :i* ! leaves are regul>ly arrang$ 9 su* a way t ! out] & inn] %eets ( a quire are ( p>*m5t1 :ile ! ?ree int]m$iate %eets are ( pap]4 ,see ,j4 ,r4 ,h>ris1 ,! orig9 ( ! ,leice/] ,codex ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 #ahhg1 p4 #ad ff4 ,sid5ote3 ,lead4 ,lead 0 also employ$ 9 e>ly times = writ+ on4 ,budde sees a ref]5ce to ?is practice 9 ! well-kn[n passage1 ,job xix4 #bd4 ,he holds t ! lead !re m5tion$ is n to be suppos$ z run into lett]s cut out 9 ! rock1 :i* w\ld be a v unlikely ?+ to d1 & a practice = :i* !re is no evid5ce4 ,he w\ld !re=e correct ! text s z to read 8) an iron p5 on lead40 ,hesiod's 1 e4g41 0 pres]v$ on lead 9 ! temple ( ! ,muses on ,helicon4#cg ,a lead5 tablet f ,hadrumet conta9s an incantation %[+ /rong traces ( ,o4,t4 influ5ce4#ch ,at ,rhodes !re 0 rec5tly discov]$ a roll ( lead inscrib$ ) ! #hj? ,psalm1 :i* 0 us$ z a *>m to protect a v9ey>d4#ci ,sid5ote3 ,clay4 ,clay & brick 7 also us$ z writ+ mat]ial1 a fact :i* ,/rack has omitt$ to m5tion 9 8 article on ,writ+ 9 ! ,real5cyklopdie 7see ,ezek4 iv4 #a74 ,s f>1 h[ev]1 no traces ( ,n4,t4 writ+ h be5 discov]$ 9 ! ,o/raca lit]ature ( :i* we h n[ a consid]able quantity4 ,we h tiles ( ?is sort dat+ f a p]iod ( ov] a ?\s& ye>s f ! "t ( ,ptolemy ,philadelphus onw>ds1 inscrib$ ) ink & a re$ p54 ,sev]al ( ^! conta9 portions ( lit]>y works su* z ^? ( ,euripides4#dj ,sid5ote3 ,l954 ,l95 0 also writt5 on4#da ,x 0 us$1 e4g41 = ! ,sibyll9e ,oracles 7l9tea texta1 c>basus3 ,orac4 ,sib4 ed4 ,alex&re1 ii41 #aei1 #agh1 #ahi74 ,b up to ! pres5t no ,n4,t4 writ+ has be5 f\nd on l954 ,paul's 8books40 ,on ,paul's 8books & p>*m5ts10 see ,zahn1 ,kanon ii41 #ich ff4 ,i am n aw>e if ,j4 ,joseph takes up ?is po9t or n 9 8 ,la ,biblio?que de l',aptre ,paul 7,*rti5 vang41 #ahig1 v4 #bbd-bbg74 ,9 ! ,!ol4 ,tijds*rift1 #ahih1 p4 #bag1 ! view t ! ,paul s5t = 7 blank %eets ( p>*m5t is call$ 9 "q4 ,! mo/ natural explanation1 c]ta9ly1 is t !y 74 ,p54 ,! ,n4,t4 makes no m5tion ( ! metal1 wood1 or bone /ilus4 ,by 8! wild bea/ ( ! re$s0 7,ps4 lxviii4 #ca7 ! ,rabbis und]/ood ! re$ p51 :i* 9 ,syriac also is commonly d5ot$ by 1 & !y took x z ref]r+ to ,rome & ! ,emp]or1 :o decid$ ! fate ( nations ) a s+le /roke ( 8 p54#db ,lu!r1 moreov]1 0 n )\t prec$5t 9 speak+ ( 8gov]nors ) ! p50 9 ,jud4 v4 #ad1 z ! ,syriac v]sion r5d]s x 9 ! same way4 ,9 ,ps4 xlv4 #b1 ! ,hebrew is r5d]$ 7,,lxx71 7,aquila71 & 7,symma*us74 ,x is also r5d]$ by ! translator ( ,j]emiah viii4 #h1 :]e ,aquila has 4 mu/ !re=e be add$ to ! ,bible names = p54 = 1 m5tion$ alongside ( 9 ,j]4 xvii4 #a1 seems to belong to ! ,spani%-,greek ( ! ,complut5sian1 b is really classic1 z also its dim9utive 4 ,accord+ to ! ,rabbis1 p5s 7 among ! ?+s ,god made 9 ! ev5+ ( ! la/ day ( ! creation4 ,!y 7 also v5]at$ by ! ,egyptians & ! ,greeks z an inv5tion ( ! ,deity4#dc ,accord+ to ,anti/h5es#dd or ,democritus1#de a "y man1 9 ord] to ent] ! s*ool ( wisdom1 requires to h a 7 7 4 ,9 ,cyprus1 ! /ilus is call$ 1 & ! 9 l mann] 4#df ,9 ! rec5tly discov]$ fragm5ts ( ,diocletian's ,li/ ( ,w>es1 ! section 7goose1 swan1 & peacock fea!rs7 is foll[$ by t 1 & !n by t 4 ,ink co/s #ab dra*mae ! qu>t2 ,paphian & ,alex&rian #dg co/ #d dra*mae2 & ! same4 ,b>u*1 ! 1 pur*as$ ink & a p5 9 ! m>ket ( ! ,g5tiles1 9 ord] to write 8 lett] to ,j]emiah 7 v4 l4 v4 l4 74#dh ,demo/h5es 0 n ! only possessor ( a silv] /ilus4 ,boniface1 e4g41 _h "o ( t sort s5t him f ,engl&4 ,sid5ote3 ,read+ & writ+4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( expressions relat+ to read+ & writ+ tak5 f ! ,greek ,v]sions ( ! ,o4,t4 ,x makes no claim to be complete4 ,! passages w be f\nd 9 ,hat* & ,r$pa?'s ,concordance to ! ,septuag9t4 1 1 1 1 1 2 7-71 1 7,e/4 iii4 #ac1 ,complut471 1 7-71 1 7-72 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7-1 -1 -1 -1 -71 771 771 7-1 -1 -71 1 2 1 2 1 - or 1 1 1 2 2 71 vide ,field's ,hexapla on ,ezek4 ix4 #b7 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 7 1 ,isa4 viii4 #a2 also #a ,esdras vi4 #bc = 71 1 2 1 1 4 ,dia/ole & hyph54 ,anci5t ,hom]ic gramm>ians us$ to debate :e!r contigu\s lett]s 7 to be read z "o ^w or n4 ,to obviate misund]/&+1 !y employ$ ! z ! m>k ( division 71 1 e4g471 & ! ' z ! m>k ( comb9ation 71 n 74 ,su* m>ks are also f\nd 9 manuscripts ( ! ,bible1 9 ! ,septuag9t1 e4g41 9 ! case ( prop] names4 ,x goes )\t say+ t ! scriptio cont9ua made ! read+ z well z ! copy+ ( manuscripts a matt] ( "s difficulty4 ,h]mas 7,visio ii4 #a7 says ( ! book giv5 him to copy 4#di ,= two in/ructive mi/akes 9 ! ,lat9 int]l9e> v]sion ( ,codex ,bo]n]ianus see p4 #gg4 ,brea?+s & acc5ts4 ,brea?+s & acc5ts 7 f\nd 9 v>i\s manuscripts ( ! ,bible z e>ly z ! "t ( ,epiphanius & ,augu/9e4 ,9 our olde/ manuscripts !y seldom occur be=e ! sev5? c5tury4 ,!y 7 ins]t$ by ! fir/ h& ( ! ,ambrosian ,hexateu* 7,swete's ,f71 :i* is ascrib$ to ! fir/ half ( ! fif? c5tury by ,c]iani4 ,!y seem to h be5 add$ to ! ,codex ,vaticanus by ! ?ird h&1 probably 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 & d n always con=m to our rules4 ,augu/9e1 comm5t+ on ! rival read+s filiis & porc9a1 9 ,psalm xvi4 #ad1 says3 8quod 7porc9a7 alii codices hab5t et v]ius hab]e p]hib5tur1 quia dilig5tiora exempl>ia p] acc5tus notam eiusdem v]bi graeci ambiguitatem graeco scrib5di m dissolvunt1 obscurius e/0 7ii4 #ejd-e1 9 ,lag>de's ,probe e9] neu5 ,ausgabe1 p4 #dj74 ,simil>ly1 speak+ ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 & 1 ,g54 xlvii4 #ca1 he says3--8fallit enim eos v]bum graecum1 quod eisdem lit]is scribitur sive eius sive suae2 s$ acc5tus spiritus disp>es sunt et ab eis qui i/a nov]unt1 9 codicibus non contemnuntur0 7iv4 #ec ed4 ,lugd4 #aehf1 cit$ by ,scriv5]1 i4 p4 #dg74 ,sid5ote3 ,abbreviation4 ,! practice ( abbreviat+ words ( frequ5t occurr5ce l 1 1 1 goes back to v e>ly times4 ,s1 too1 does ! use ( lett]s z num]als1 = #aj1 etc4 ,sid5ote3 ,divisions4 ,9 divid+ syllables ! ,greek copyi/s 9 g5]al obs]v$ ! rule ( beg9n+ ea* new l9e ) a consonant4 ,a good _m exceptions occur h[ev]1 especially 9 ! ,vaticanus1 mo/ ( :i* h be5 correct$ by a lat] h&4 ,^! are indicat$ 9 ! ?ird volume ( ,swete's edition ( ! ,,lxx4 ,a good in/ance ( ?is is se5 9 ,j]4 xiv4 #ab1 :]e ! ,vaticanus & ,m>*alianus bo? orig9ally _h 1 :i* 9 ! =m] is correct$ to 1 & 9 ! latt] to 4 ,= examples f ! ,o4,t4 portion ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus see ,ne/le's ,septuag9ta/udi51 ii4 #bj4 ,/i*ometry4 ,c>efully writt5 manuscripts ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts are provid$ ) a sy/em ( /i*ometry j z occurs 9 ! bett] manuscripts ( ! classics1 z e4g4 ,h]odotus & ,demo/h5es4 ,9 ! ,n4,t4 x is f\nd specially 9 ^? ,paul9e ,epi/les t g back to ! rec5sion ( ,eu?alius4 ,"o ( ! writ]s ( ! ,codex ,vaticanus has copi$1 9 sev]al ( ! books ( ! ,o4,t41 ! /i*ometric enum]ation :i* he f\nd 9 8 orig9al1 & ! numb]s %[ t ! manuscript he copi$ conta9$ almo/ twice z mu* matt] 9 a l9e z ! "o he himself wrote4 ,see ,ne/le1 ,septuag9ta/udi51 ii4 #bj f42 ,lag>de1 ,die ,/i*ometrie d] syris*-hexapl>is*5 ,ueb]setzung des alt5 ,te/am5ts 7,mitteilung51 iv4 #bje-bjh74 ,on ! /i*ometric li/ 9 ! ,codex ,cl>omontanus ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les 7,d#b71 see p4 #gf4 ,am]ican s*ol>s h c\nt$ ! numb] ( words 9 ! ,greek ,n4,t4 ,9 ,mat!w ! numb] is #ah1bbb1 9 ,m>k #aa1aeh1 9 ,luke #ai1bji4 ,un=tunately1 ,i am unable to give ! total numb] 9 ! ,n4,t4 ,see ,s*aff's ,companion1 pp4 #eg1 #agf4 ,graux 7,revue de ,philologie1 ii47 has c\nt$ n only ! words b ! lett]s 9 ! v>i\s books4 ,! numb]s are giv5 9 ,zahn's ,ges*i*te des ,n4,t4 ,kanons1 i4 #gf4 ,!y are z foll[s3-- ,lett]s4 ,/i*oi4 ,mat!w1 #hi1bie #bdhj ,m>k1 #ee1eej #aedc ,luke1 #ig1gad #bgad ,john1 #gj1baj #aiej ,acts1 #id1jjj #bfaj #c ,john1 #a1ajj #ca ,apocalypse1 #df1ejj #abib ,= ,philemon1 ,zahn #a1efg #dd gives ,9 ?is la/ epi/le ,i f9d t my edition has #aech lett]s1 or includ+ ! title #aeej4 ,! l9es 9 my edition happ5 to co9cide z ne> z may be ) ! anci5t /i*oi4 #da /i*oi at #cf lett]s to ! /i*os w\ld give a total ( #adgf4 ,n[ 9 ! #da complete l9es :i* my edition gives to ,philemon ,i f9d #adfi lett]s1 t is1 only #g few]4 ,9 ,jude1 aga91 ,graux enum]ates #ga /i*oi1 :ile my edition %[s exactly #gj l9es or #ga ) ! title4 ,= /i*ometric calculations1 !re=e1 ?is edition w prove v conv5i5t4 ,= a 8,table ( ,anci5t & ,mod]n ,divisions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t10 see ,scriv5]1 i4 #fh2 also ,we/cott1 ,canon1 ,app5dix ,d1 xix41 xx42 ,bible 9 ! ,*ur*1 ,app5dix ,b1 #d4 ,sid5ote3 ,cola & commata4 ,! ,cola & ,commata 7 q diff]5t f ! /i*oi4 ,! l5g? ( ! latt] 0 regulat$ accord+ to ! space 7space-l9es71 t ( ! =m] by ! s5se & /ructure ( ! s5t5ce 7s5se-l9es74 ,on cola & commata see ,wordswor? & ,:ite1 ,de colis et commatibus codicis ,amiat9i et editionis no/rae1 9 ! ,epilogus to _! edition ( ! ,vulgate1 i4 pp4 #gcc-gcf4 ,on ! /i*ometry prop] see ,ibid41 p4 #gcf1 ,de /i*orum num]is 9 euangeliis4 ,manuscripts de luxe4 ,solomon p]fum$ ) musk ! lett] he s5t to ,bilqis1 ,que5 ( ,%eba1 :o h]self c\ld bo? read & write4#ej ,mani inscrib$ *>act]s on :ite sat9 9 su* a way t if a s+le ?read 0 drawn out ! writ+ became invisible4#ea ,on gold & silv] writ+ among ! ,syrians see ,zahn1 ,tatian1 ,=s*ung51 #ajh1 n4 #a2 also ,r4 ,wessely1 ,iconographie 7,wi5] ,/udi51 xii4 #b1 #bei-bgi74 ,! e>lie/ m5tion ( ?is k9d ( writ+ t ,i "k is 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,ari/eas1#eb 444 1 1 4 ,9 ,alex&]'s copy ( ! ,p5tateu* ! "n ( ,god 0 writt5 9 gold lett]s4#ec ,on ! f95ess ( ! p>*m5t & ! beauty ( ! writ+ see ,*ryso/om1 ,hom4 #cb 9 ,joannem3 4 ,ephraem ,syrus comm5d$ ?is ,*ri/ian munific5ce1 z is po9t$ out 9 ! ,hi/or4 ,polit4 ,bltt]1 #hd1 #b1 #ajd4 ,gold writ+ is also m5tion$ 9 ! ,t>gum on ,ps4 xlv4 #aj4 ,! passage 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,!onas to ,lucian ref]r+ to ! use ( purple-dy$ p>*m5t is ?\ght by ,batiffol to be d]iv$ f t 9 ,j]ome's ,comm5t>y on ,job1 & he f\nds on ?is an argum5t aga9/ ! g5u95ess ( ! ,epi/le4#ed ,9 ! ,m>tyrium ( ,q>dagh ! ,p]sian1 p>ticul> m5tion is made ( ! rem>kable beauty & :it5ess ( ! p>*m5t 77 on :i* he wrote 8 epi/les4#ee ,= ! prep>ation ( 8 ,bible1 ,orig5 procur$ ! s]vices n only ( rapid writ]s 77 b also ( girls :o c\ld write beautifully 774 ,cassiodorus pleads--qui em5d>e praesumitis1 ut sup]adjectas lit]as ita pul*]rimas fac]e /udeatis1 ut potius ab ,antiqu>iis scriptae fuisse judic5tur4#ef ,we also f9d him mak+ proposals = exp5sive b9d+s 9 ! ,de ,in/41 c4 #cj1 a passage :i*1 accord+ to ,spr+]1#eg has be5 ov]look$ 9 ! lit]ature on illu/rat$ b9d+s 9 mod]n hi/ories ( art4 ,on v>i\s decorat$ manuscripts see ,w4 ,watt5ba*1 ,ueb] die mit ,gold auf ,purpur ges*rieb5e ,evangeli5-h&s*rift d] ,hamiltons*5 ,biblio!k1 9 ! ,b]l9] ,sitz4-,b]41 #g? ,m>* #ahhi1 xiii4 #adc-aef4 ,cf4 ,b]l4 ,phil4 ,wo*5s*rift1 #ahhi1 #cc1 #cd4 ,?is manuscript purport$ to be a gift to ,h5ry ,,viii4 f ,pope ,leo ,x41 b 0 r f ,wolsey4 ,bi%op ,wilfrid ( ,ripon 7#fgj-fhh7 _h ! f\r ,gospels writt5 ) ! f9e/ gold4 ,boniface reque/$ 8 ,engli% fri5ds to s5d him ! ,epi/les ( ,paul writt5 ) gold 9 ord] !re) to impress ! simple-m9d$ ,g]mans 7,ep4 #cb1 p4 #ii71 a fact ( :i* ,gu/av ,freitag makes use 9 8 ,+o und ,+raban1 p4 #dgf4 7,see ,die ,*ri/li*e ,welt1 #ahhh1 #bb47 ,cf4 also ! manuscripts ( ,!odulf 9 ,p>is & ,puy 7see bel[1 p4 #abe74 ,! ,ci/]cians =bade ! use ( gold & silv] b9d+s or clasps 7firmacula7 & also ( diff]5t col\rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,illu/ration4 ,illu/rations mu/ h made _! appe>ance 9 ,greek manuscripts a :ole c5tury e>li] ?an has hi!rto be5 suppos$ if ,h4 ,ko! is "r 9 8 int]pretation ( ! passage 9 ,diog5es ,la]tius1 ii4 #c1 #h 7 ,clem41 ,/rom41 i4 #gh1 p4 #cfd1 ,pott]73 78) a picture03 =m]ly read z 74 ,9 addition to ! works ( ,ari/otle & ! obsc5e poems ( ,phila9is1 illu/rat$ manuscripts 7 kn[n to exi/ ( ! works ( ! a/ronom]s ,eudoxus & ,aratus1 ( ! botani/ ,dioscorides1 ( ! tactician ,euangelos1 & ( ! geograph] ,ptolemy4 ,a description ( ! e>lie/ illu/rat$ ,bibles is giv5 by ,victor ,s*ultze 9 ! ,daheim1 #ahih1 ,no4 #bh1 #ddi ff41 ) good facsimiles4 ,on ! horses 9 ! *>iot ( ,elijah 9 a ,greek manuscript ( ! n9? c5tury 9 ! ,vatican ,libr>y1 & on ! pictures ( ! horsem5 9 ! codex ( ,jo%ua also conta9$ !re1 see ,f4 aus'm ,we]? 9 ! ,jahrbu* des ,v]e9s von ,alt]tums-,freund5 im ,rhe9l&1 ,heft #gh 7#ahhd71 ,plate ,,vi4 ,cassiodorus _h a ,p&ectes ,lat9us--i4e4 a manuscript ( ! ,old ,lat9 ,bible ( l>ge size--:i* conta9$ pictures ( ! ,tab]nacle & ! ,temple4 ,!re is an old "w on ?is subject by ,p4 ,zornius entitl$ ,hi/oria ,bibliorum pictorum ex antiquitatibus ,ebraeorum et ,*ri/ianorum illu/rata cum figuris1 ,lipsiae1 #agdc1 #dto2 & by ! same au?or1 ,von d5 ,h&bibeln d] er/5 ,*ri/51 ,lips4 #agch1 also ,hi/oria ,bibliorum ex ,ebraeorum diebus fe/is et jejuneis illu/rata1 ,lips41 #agda4 ,see also ,georg ,?iele1 ,de antiquorum libris pictis capita quattuor1 ,m>burg1 #ahig4 ,palimpse/s4 ,palimpse/s ( ,bible manuscripts came to be prohibit$ by ! ,*ur*4 ,! ,six? ,ecum5ical ,c\ncil 7,trullan1 ,concilium qu9isextum1 #fhj-fha71 9 its #fh? canon1 1 =bids ! sale ( old manuscripts ( ! ,bible to ! or ! 1 or to any p]sons :atev]4#eh ,!re 0 naturally a special av]sion to lett+ su* manuscripts fall into ! h&s ( ,jews2 b yet !re 7 discov]$1 9 ! lumb] room ( ! ,synagogue ( ,old ,cairo1 fragm5ts ( a ,greek ,,ms4 ( ! ,gospels1 :i* _h be5 aft]w>ds employ$ to receive ,jewi% writ+4 ,p>*m5ts ( ?is sort 7 at fir/ us$ only = r\gh drafts & su* l1 in/ead ( wax tablets f :i* ! writ+ c\ld be eras$ aga94 ,punctuation4 ,a good example ( ! importance ( punctuation w be f\nd 9 ,lk4 i4 #ce1 on :i* see p4 #bja4 ,comp>e also ,lk4 xxi4 #h1 #a ,tim4 ii4 #e1 :]e ,la*mann punctuates 4 ,by a diff]5t punctuation 9 ,heb4 i4 #i1 ,tis*5dorf & ,we/cott-,hort make vocative & nom9ative respectively4 ,9 ! =m] case ! ,messiah is ,god1 9 ! o!r ,god is ! "o :o ano9ts him4 ,?is diff]5ce 0 n obs]v$ at fir/ by ,o4 v4 ,gebh>dt4 ,simil>ly !re is a diff]5ce betwe5 ! text & ! m>g9 ( ,we/cott & ,hort 9 v]se #h1 :]e by ! ins]tion or omission ( ! two commas be=e & aft] ! mean+ is ei!r t ,messiah is ,god or t ,god is ,messiah's ?rone4 ,consid]+ ! importance ( su* m>ks ( division1 ! rule laid d[n by ,ephraem ,syrus 9 ! ye> #cej1 & aga9 emphasiz$ by ,b5gel & ,lag>de1 %\ld be c>efully att5d$ to 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t3 1 7see ,ne/le1 ,b5gel als ,gelehrt]1 p4 #bd74 ,comp>e also :at ,*ryso/om says reg>d+ punctuation on ,mt4 viii4 #i3 1 ' 4 ,see also ,victor 7or :oev] x is7 on ,mk4 xvi4 #i4 ,on ! *ange ( ! s5se by means ( false emphasis or punctuation see bel[1 pp4 #bjd7g71 #bgf4 ,j4 ,a4 ,rob9son ?9ks x probable t is a sep>ate title ( ! ,messiah1 & w\ld po9t 1 9 ,mk4 i4 #aa1 ix4 #g on ! au?ority ( ! ,asc5sio ,esaiae & ! ,old ,syriac 7see ,ha/+s' ,bible ,diction>y1 ii4 #eja74 ,cont5ts4 ,on ! cont5ts ( ,bible manuscripts see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #fb f4 ,accord+ to him ,j]ome's ,old ,te/am5t 0 9 #ad volumes4 ,9 addition to "s entire ,bibles ,cassiodorus _h ! ,scriptures writt5 out 9 #i codices4 ,( ^! vol4 ,,vii4 compris$ ! ,gospels1 ,,viii4 ! ,epi/les1 & ,,ix4 ! ,acts & ,apocalypse4 ,leontius speaks ( #f books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ( :i* probably ,i4 0 ,mt4 & ,mk41 ,,ii4 ,lk4 & ,jn41 ,,iii4 ,acts1 ,,iv4 ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 ,v4 ,paul9e ,epi/les1 ,,vi4 ,apocalypse4 ,z a rule ! ,gospels & ! ,paul9e ,epi/les made two codices4 ,9 cod4 we f9d t ! diff]5t p>ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t display a diff]5t type ( text1 f :i* we may conclude t ! codex 0 copi$1 n f a s+le manuscript b f sev]al4 ,simil>ly1 ! s+ul> type ( text exhibit$ by cod4 9 ,m>k w\ld %[ t ?is codex1 or t f :i* x 0 copi$1 0 transcrib$ f diff]5t rolls or codices1 ea* conta9+ "o ,gospel4 ,see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #fc4 ,biblio!ca4 ,on ! designation ,biblio!ca & ,p&ectes = ,bible manuscripts1 see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #fe4 ,on 1 ibid4 #fg4 ,he in=ms u t ! e>lie/ m5tion ( a ,*ri/ian biblio!ca & its arm>ia is 9 ! hea!n protocol ( ! ye> #cjd1 9 ! ,ge/a apud ,z5ophilum giv5 9 ,dup9 aft] ,optatus1 p4 #bfb4 ,! next e>lie/ notice is 9 ,augu/9e4 ,! cu/odians ( ! biblio!cae 7 probably ! ,read]s4 ,9 ,ru9>t's ,acta ,saturn9i a c]ta9 ,ampelius is m5tion$ z 8cu/os legis1 scriptur>umque div9>um fidelissimus cons]vator40 ,f ,ir5aeus1 iv4 #cc1 #b ,less+ conclud$ t at t "t ! few exi/+ copies ( ! ,scriptures 7 9 ! cu/ody ( ! cl]gy1 & 7 only to be p]us$ 9 _! pres5ce4 7,zustze zu e9] ntig5 ,antwort4 ,works1 ed4 ,maltzahn1 xi4 #b1 #agi47 ,on ?is po9t see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #adj4 7a47 ,,uncial ,,manuscripts4 ,sid5ote3 ,,codex ,,s9aiticus1 n[ 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 conta9s ! entire ,new ,te/am5t writt5 9 ! f\r? or m probably at ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,! /ory ( its discov]y & acquisition is q romantic4 ,:5 ,tis*5dorf1 "u ! patronage ( 8 sov]eign ,k+ ,fr$]ick ,augu/us ( ,saxony1 came to ! ,conv5t ( ,/4 ,ca!r9e on ,m\nt ,s9ai = ! fir/ "t 9 #ahdd1 he rescu$ f a basket !re =ty-?ree old %eets ( p>*m5t :i*1 ) o!r rubbi%1 7 de/9$ = ! fire4 ,9 ?is way he obta9$ possession ( portions ( "o ( ! olde/ ,,mss4 ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* he publi%$ z ! ,codex ,fr$]ico-,augu/anus 7,f-,a7 9 #ahdf4 ,at ! same "t he le>n$ t o!r portions ( ! same ,codex exi/$ 9 ! ,mona/]y4 ,he c\ld f9d no trace ( ^!1 h[ev]1 on 8 second visit 9 #ahec4 ,b on 8 ?ird visit1 und]tak5 ) ! patronage ( ! ,emp]or ( ,russia1 ! /ew>d ( ! mona/]y br\ght him1 %ortly be=e 8 dep>ture on ! #d? ,febru>y #ahei1 :at surpass$ all 8 expectations1 ! entire rema9+ portions ( ! ,codex compris+ a great "p ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & ! :ole ( ! ,new1 wrapp$ up 9 a r$ clo?4 ,n only 0 ! ,new ,te/am5t p]fect1 b 9 addition to ! tw5ty-sev5 books1 ! ,,ms4 conta9$ ! ,epi/le ( ,b>nabas & "p ( ! s-call$ ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas1 two books ( ! greate/ repute 9 e>ly ,*ri/ian times1 ! ,greek text ( :i* 0 only p>tially extant 9 ,europe4 ,tis*5dorf manag$ to secure ! ,,ms4 = ! ,emp]or ( ,russia1 at ^: exp5se x 0 publi%$ 9 f\r folio volumes 9 ! ye> #ahfb on ! ?\s&? anniv]s>y ( ! f\nd+ ( ! ,russian ,empire4 ,9 return = ! ,,ms4 ! mona/]y receiv$ a silv] %r9e = ,/4 ,ca!r9e1 a gift ( #gjjj r\bles = ! libr>y & #bjjj = ! mona/]y on ,m\nt ,tabor1 :ile sev]al ,russian decorations 7 di/ribut$ among ! ,fa!rs4 ,un=tunately ! art ( photography 0 n s f> advanc$ ?irty-eight ye>s ago z to p]mit a p]fect facsimile to be made ( ! ,,ms41 & ,tis*5dorf _h to be cont5t ) a pr9t$ copy execut$ z fai?fully z ! utmo/ c>e & sup]9t5d5ce w\ld admit4 ,to :at date does ! manuscript belong8 ,!re is /ill extant a lett] ( ! fir/ ,*ri/ian ,emp]or ,con/ant9e dat+ f ! ye> #cca1 9 :i* he asks ,eusebius1 ,bi%op ( ,caes>ea 9 ,pale/9e1 to provide him ) fifty copies ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t = use 9 ! pr9cipal *ur*es ( 8 empire 7 7 & puts two public c>riages at ! bi%op's disposal = _! safe transport4 ,we h also ! lett] t ,eusebius s5t along ) ^! ,bibles1 9 :i* he consigns !m --i4e4 89 exp5sively prep>$ volumes ( ?ree & f\r40 ,) =m] s*ol>s ,tis*5dorf und]/ood ! expression ( ! numb] ( %eets 9 ! quires ( ! manuscripts1 z ?\gh !y _h be5 compos$ ( t]nions & quat]nions ( twelve & sixte5 pages respectively4 ,o!rs took x z ref]r+ to ! numb] ( columns on ! pages1 ,codex ,s9aiticus1 :i* ,tis*5dorf believ$ to be "o ( ^! fifty ,bibles1 be+ unique 9 %[+ f\r columns to ! page4 ,! mo/ probable explanation ( ! phrase is1 h[ev]1 t x indicates ! numb] ( volumes ea* ,bible compris$1 & means t ea* ,bible ( ?ree or f\r p>ts1 z ! case might be1 0 pack$ 9 a sep>ate box4#ei ,tis*5dorf1 z has be5 said1 saw 9 ,codex ,s9aiticus "o ( ^! fifty ,bibles4 ,he also ?\ght t 0 ! "w ( f\r diff]5t scribes1 & 0 confid5t t "o ( ^!1 ! "o :o _h writt5 only six leaves ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 0 ! scribe ( ,codex ,vaticanus4 ,b o!r au?orities br+ d[n to ! beg9n+ ( ! fif? c5tury4 ,"o c und]/& h[ x 0 t ,tis*5dorf 0 l$ to ov]rate ! value ( ?is manuscript at fir/1 & to call x by ! fir/ lett] ( ! ,hebrew alphabet to signify its pre-em95ce ov] all o!r manuscripts4 ,! claim is s f> ju/ifi$ t x is at lea/ "o ( ! olde/ manuscripts1 & ( ! olde/ ! only "o t conta9s ! entire ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! ord] is t ( ! ,gospels1 ,paul9e ,epi/les 7among :i* ,hebrews is f\nd aft] #b ,!ss471 ,acts1 ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 ,apocalypse1 aft] :i* come ,b>nabas & ,h]mas4#fj ,?is same ord] is obs]v$ 9 ! ,old ,syriac ,bible1 & 9 ! fir/ pr9t$ ,greek ,new ,te/am5t1 ! ,complut5sian ,polyglot4 ,! fact t ,b>nabas is /ill tacitly includ$ 9 ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t may be tak5 equally z indicat+ ! age ( itself or t ( ! exempl> f :i* x 0 copi$4#fa ,j]ome's rec5sion ( ,orig5's ,lexicon ( ,prop] ,names 9 ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t is /ill extant1 & 9 x ,b>nabas is cit$ l ! o!r books4 ,9 ! ,catalogus ,cl>omontanus1 :i* is a v old li/ ( ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,b>nabas is ev5 f\nd be=e ! ,apocalypse1 an arrangem5t :i* is n f\nd aga9 9 ! succe$+ c5turies4 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,9 ?is p>agraph1 !re are two cases ( lett]s sep>at$ by a sla%1 z if describ+ ari?metic division1 l 8a_/b04 ,9 ! orig9al book !y are pr9t$ ) ! fir/ item1 8a01 rais$ up1 & ! second item1 8b01 pr9t$ bel[ ! fir/4 ,9 ?is e-book1 !y are repres5t$ 9 ?is 8a_/b0 =m4 ,sid5ote3 ,canons4 is also ! olde/ ,,ms4 t has ! s-call$ ,ammonian ,sections & ,eusebian ,canons4 ,9 ord] to facilitate ! /udy ( ! ,gospels1 ,ammonius ( ,alex&ria arrang$1 alongside ( ,mat!w's ,gospel1 ! p>allel passages 9 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john4 ,= ?is purpose he 0 oblig$ ( c\rse to dislocate ^! la/4#fb ,eusebius1 h[ev]1 simply divid$ ! f\r ,gospels into #aafb sections--viz41 #cee 9 ,mat!w1 #bcc 9 ,m>k1 #cdb 9 ,luke1 & #bcb 9 ,john4 ,^! he numb]$ consecutively 9 ea* ,gospel1 & !n arrang$ ! numb]s 9 t5 ,canons or ,tables4 ,! fir/ conta9$ ^? passages :i* are f\nd 9 all ! f\r ,gospels2 ! second1 ?ird1 & f\r? ^? common to any p>ticul> comb9ation ( ?ree2 ! fif? to ! n9? compris$ ! passages common to any two1 & ! t5? ^? peculi> to ea* "o4 ,! numb] ( its ,canon 0 !n set "u t ( ! section 9 ! m>g91 & ! ,table ins]t$ at ! beg9n+ or end ( ! manuscript4 ,by ?is means x 0 possible to "k 9 ! case ( ea* section :e!r a p>allel 0 to be f\nd 9 ! o!r ,gospels1 & :]e4 ,9 ! m>g9 opposite ,john xv4 #bj1 e4g41 we f9d ! numb]s _/1 i4e4 #aci_/c4 ,?is tells u t ?is #aci? section ( ,john is also f\nd 9 ,mat!w & ,luke4 ,= on ref]r+ to ,canon #c we f9d t x conta9s ! passages common to ,john1 ,mat!w1 & ,luke1 & t ?is section numb]$ #aci 9 ,john1 is #ij 9 ,mat!w & #eh 9 ,luke4 ,& ! sections be+ numb]$ consecutively 9 ea* ,gospel1 we easily asc]ta9 t ! =m] is ,mat!w x4 #bd1 & ! latt] ,luke vi4 #dj4 ,^!1 or simil> numb]s1 7 aft]w>ds ins]t$ 9 ! l[] m>g9 ( manuscripts1 z1 e4g41 9 ,codex ,arg5teus ( ! ,v]sion ( ,ulfilas4 ,!y are /ill pr9t$ alongside ! text 9 our l>g] editions1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 ow+ to ! introduction ( our sy/em ( *apt] & v]se division !y h lo/ _! ma9 significance4 ,sid5ote3 ,revisions4 ,n[1 a ,codex l repres5ts to u n "o manuscript only1 b sev]al at once4 ,x embodies fir/ ( all ! manuscript f :i* its text 0 imm$iately d]iv$1 & !n also t or ^? by :i* x 0 revis$4 ,t is to say1 aft] ! manuscript 0 writt5 by ! scribe1 ei!r to dictation or by copy+1 x 01 p>ticul>ly 9 ! case ( a co/ly manuscript1 h&$ ov] to a p]son call$ ! & revis$4 ,?is might be done sev]al times ov]2 x might be done by a lat] own] if he 7 a s*ol>4 ,b x might happ51 z 9 ! case ( e4g41 t ! exempl> by :i* ! manuscript 0 revis$ 0 n ! id5tical "o f :i* x _h be5 copi$ b a diff]5t "o1 p]haps old]1 p]haps exhibit+ ano!r =m ( text altoge!r4 ,tis*5dorf di/+ui%$ no few] ?an sev5 correctors 9 4 ,"o ( ^!1 belong+1 x may be1 to ! sev5? c5tury1 adds a note at ! end ( ! book ( ,ezra to ! foll[+ effect1--8,?is codex 0 comp>$ ) a v anci5t exempl> :i* _h be5 correct$ by ! h& ( ! holy m>tyr ,pamphilus2 :i* exempl> conta9$ at ! end ! subscription 9 8 own h&3 #8,tak5 & correct$ accord+ to ! ,hexapla ( ,orig53 ,antonius comp>$ x3 ,i1 ,pamphilus1 correct$ x4'0#fc ,a simil> note is f\nd app5d$ to ! ,book ( ,e/h]1 :]e x is also po9t$ out t v>iants occurr$ 9 ! case ( prop] names4 ,traces are /ill discov]able 9 ! ,psalms :i* g to prove t ! corrector's ,bible agre$ ) t ( ,eusebius1 :ile ! manuscript itself _h be5 copi$ f "o t 0 v diff]5t4 ,a consid]able numb] ( s*ol>s are ( op9ion t 0 writt5 9 ! ,we/1 p]haps 9 ,rome4 7,see ,plate ,i47 ,tis*5dorf3 7#a7 ,notitia editionis1 #ahfj2 7#b7 ,bibliorum ,codex ,s9aiticus ,petropolitanus1 ,petropoli1 #ahfb1 fol4 ,vol4 ,i41 ,prolegom5a et ,comm5t>ia2 ,vol4 ,,iv41 ,novum ,te/am5tum4 7#c7 ,n4 ,t4 ,s9aiticum1 ,lips4 #ahfc4 7,die ,anfe*tung5 d] ,s9aibibel1 ,lips4 #ahfc2 ,waff5 d] ,f9/]niss wid] die ,s9aibibel1 ,lips4 #ahfc47 7#d7 ,n4 ,t4 ,graece ex ,s9aitico ,codice omnium antiquissimo1 ,lips4 #ahfe4 ,collatio textus graeci editionis polyglottae cum ,novo ,te/am5to ,s9aitico4 ,app5dix editionis ,novi ,te/am5ti polyglottae1 ,bielefeldiae4 ,sumptibus ,velhag5 et ,klas+1 #ahid1 l>ge #hvo1 pp4 iv4 #if4 7,preface only by ,tis*5dorf47 ,on ,k5yon's %[+1 ! rec5t papyrus discov]ies give no occasion = ab&on+ ! conclusions =m]ly come to reg>d+ ! age ( ^! p>*m5t manuscripts 7,palaeography1 p4 #abj74 ,scriv5]1 ,a full ,collation ( ! ,codex ,s9aiticus ) ! ,receiv$ ,text ( ! ,n4 ,te/am5t1 #bnd edition1 #ahfg4 ,ezra ,abbot1 8,on ! comp>ative antiquity ( ! ,s9aitic & ,vatican ,manuscripts ( ! ,greek ,bible10 ,j\rnal ( ! ,am]ican ,ori5tal ,society1 vol4 x41 i4 #ahgb1 pp4 #ahi ff4 ,sid5ote3 ,a4 ,a4 ,,codex ,,alex&r9us3 middle or end ( ! fif? c5tury3 writt5 probably at ,alex&ria3 conta9s a note 9 ,arabic /at+ t x 0 pres5t$ to ! libr>y ( ! ,patri>* ( ,alex&ria 9 ! ye> #ajih4 ,! ,codex 0 s5t by ,cyril ,luc>1 ,patri>* ( ,con/ant9ople1 to ,*>les ,i4 ( ,engl& 9 #afbh1 & 0 deposit$ 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,briti% ,museum on its f\ndation 9 #agec1 :]e x has be5 ev] s9ce4 ,x has be5 employ$ 9 ! textual criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t s9ce ! "t ( ,walton4 ,x 0 pr9t$ 9 #aghf by ,woide 9 facsimile f wood5 type4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t portion ( x 0 also publi%$ 9 #ahaf-ahbh by ,bab]4 ,! entire manuscript 0 issu$ 9 autotype facsimile 9 #ahgi & #ahhj4 ,! ,codex is defective at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! fir/ tw5ty-six leaves d[n to ,mat!w xxv4 #f be+ abs5t1 z also two conta9+ ,john vi4 #ej-viii4 #eb1 & ?ree conta9+ #b ,cor4 iv4 #ac-xii4 #f4 ,x also conta9s aft] ! ,apocalypse ! 7fir/7 ,epi/le ( ,clem5t ( ,rome & a small fragm5t ( ! s-call$ second ,epi/le1 :i* is really an e>ly s]mon4 ,9 ! ,codex ^! are recognis$ z p>ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 inasmu* z 9 ! table ( cont5ts prefix$ to ! entire "w !y are includ$ ) ! o!r books "u ! title 4#fd ,aft] !m is giv5 ! numb] ( books 1 only ! figures are n[1 un=tunately1 torn away4 ,! cont5ts indicate t ! ,psalms ( ,solomon %\ld h foll[$1 b ^! h be5 lo/ ) ! re/ ( ! manuscript4 ,a is di/+ui%$ among ! olde/ manuscripts by ! use ( capital lett]s to indicate new sections4 ,b 9 ord] to economize room & to obviate spac+ ! l9es1 ! fir/ lett] ( ! section1 if x occurs 9 ! middle ( a l9e1 is n writt5 l>g]1 b ! "o t occurs at ! beg9n+ ( ! next :ole l9e is enl>g$ & projects into ! m>g94 7,see ,plate ,i4 #b47 ,lat] scribes h copi$ ?is s slavi%ly t !y h writt5 ^! lett]s 9 capitals ev5 :5 !y occur 9 ! middle ( ! l9e 9 _! manuscripts4 ,! ,egyptian orig9 ( ?is ,codex is %[n by its use ( ,coptic =ms = ,a & ,m4 ,9 sev]al books ,a displays a rem>kable aff9ity ) ,j]ome 9 ^? v passages :]e he deviates f ! old] ,lat9 v]sion4 ,! books 9 ,a foll[ ! ord]--,gospels1 ,acts1 ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 ,paul9e ,epi/les1 ,apocalypse4 7,we/cott1 ,canon1 ,app5dix ,d4 xii42 ,bible 9 ! ,*ur*1 ,app5dix ,b47 ,woide1 #aghf2 eiusdem1 ,notitia codicis ,alex&r9i1 ,recud4 cur4 notasque adjecit ,g4 ,l4 ,spohn1 ,lipsiae1 #aghh2 ,c[p]1 #ahfj1 ,hansell1 #ahfd2 ,photographic facsimile by ,?ompson1 #ahgi2 & 9 ! ,facsimiles ( ! ,palographical ,society1 ,pl4 #ajf4 ,! mix$ "* ( ! text ( ,a 0 e>ly obs]v$2 see ,lag>de1 ,gesammelte ,abh&lung51 p4 #id4 ,c4 ,f4 ,hoole ascribes ! ,codex ,alex&r9us to ! middle ( ! f\r? c5tury 7,ox=d1 ,cl>5don ,press1 #ahia2 see ,academy1 ,july #be1 #ahia1 #gc74 ,sid5ote3 ,b4 ,b4 ,,codex ,,vaticanus p> excell5ce1 ,no4 #abji 9 ! ,vatican ,libr>y at ,rome1 ins]t$ !re %ortly aft] its f\ndation by ,pope ,nicolas ,v41 & "o ( its greate/ treasures4 ,l ,a x once conta9$ ! :ole ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ) ! exception ( ! ,books ( ,maccabees4 ,! fir/ #ca leaves1 conta9+ ,g54 i4 #a-xlvi4 #bh1 are n[ want+1 z well z #bj f ! ,psalms conta9+ ,ps4 cv4 7cvi47 #bg-;cxxxvii4 7cxxxviii47 #f4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t is complete d[n to ,heb4 ix4 #ad1 :]e x breaks (f at 4 #a & #b ,tim41 ,titus1 ,philemon1 & ! ,apocalypse are1 !re=e1 also want+4 ,rahlfs supposes t ! manuscript may h orig9ally conta9$ ! ,dida*e & ! ,%eph]d ( ,h]mas z well4 ,erasmus obta9$ "s acc\nt ( ?is manuscript1 & ,pope ,sixtus ,v4 made x ! basis ( an edition ( ! ,greek ,old ,te/am5t1 :i* 0 publi%$ 9 #aehf1 !reby det]m9+ ! textus receptus ( t portion ( ! ,bible4--,w\ld he _h done ! same = ! ,new ,te/am5t6 ,?is task 0 und]tak5 aft]w>ds1 specially by ,b5tley & ,bir*4 ,pr(essor ,hug ( ,freiburg recognis$ ! value ( ! ,codex :5 x 0 remov$ f ,rome to ,p>is by ,napoleon 9 #ahji4 ,c>d9al ,angelo ,mai pr9t$ an edition ( x betwe5 #ahbh & #ahch1 :i*1 h[ev]1 did n appe> till #aheg1 ?ree ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 & :i* 0 mo/ unsatisfactory4 ,aft] ,tis*5dorf _h l$ ! way ) ! ,codex ,s9aiticus1 ,pope ,pio ,nono gave ord]s = an edition1 :i* 0 pr9t$ betwe5 #ahfh & #ahgb 9 five folio volumes4 ,n till #ahha1 h[ev]1 did ! la/ volume ( ?is edition appe> conta9+ ! indisp5sable comm5t>y prep>$ "u ! sup]vision ( ,v]cellone1 ,j4 ,cozza1 ,c4 ,s]gio1 & ,h4 ,fabiani1 ) ! assi/ance ( ,u4 ,ubaldi & ,a4 ,roc*i4 ,!n at la/ ! manuscript 0 photograph$1 ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 #ahhi1 & ! ,old ,te/am5t1 9 ?ree volumes1 9 #ahij--;a v]itable 4 ,no facsimile n[ c give any idea ( its orig9al beauty1 because a h& ( ! t5? or elev5? c5tury--or z ! ,roman editors say1 a monk call$ ,clem5t 9 ! fifte5? c5tury--w5t ov] ! :ole manuscript1 lett] by lett]1 ) fre% ink1 re/or+ ! fad$ *>act]s & at ! same "t add+ acc5ts & brea?+s 9 accordance ) ! pronunciation ( 8 "t 71 = example1 & 1 74 ,! ,old ,te/am5t is ! "w ( at lea/ two scribes1 "o ( :om wrote d[n to #a ,sam4 ix4 #aa1 & ! o!r to ! end ( #b ,esdras4 ,tis*5dorf's op9ion ) reg>d to ! writ] ( ! ,new ,te/am5t has be5 already notic$4 ,!re c be no "q t ,b is m c>efully writt5 ?an 4 ,9 ! ,gospels ! ,vatican exhibits a peculi> division into #agj1 #fb1 #aeb1 & #hj sections respectively1 :i* is f\nd also 9 2 9 ! ,acts !re is a d\ble division into #cf & #fi4fe ,! enum]ation affix$ to ! ,paul9e ,epi/les %[s t ^! 7 copi$ f a manuscript 9 :i* ,hebrews came aft] ,galatians1 ?\gh 9 ,b its position has be5 *ang$ s z to foll[ #b ,!ssalonians4 ,! copyi/ has also reta9$ 9 "p ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ! enum]ation ( ! /i*oi :i* he f\nd 9 8 orig9al4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ! ord] ( ! books is ,gospels1 ,acts1 ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 ,paul9e ,epi/les4 ,an increas$ int]e/ w\ld be l5t to ?is manuscript if1 z has be5 suppos$1 x repres5ts ! rec5sion ( ! ,egyptian ,bi%op & ,m>tyr ,hesy*ius1 ( :i* ,j]ome makes m5tion 9 two places4 7,b\sset1 ,textkritis*e ,/udi5 zum ,neu5 ,te/am5t1 pp4 #gd-aaj1 see especially p4 #if47 ,on ! ,egyptian "* ( ,b1 see also ,burkitt 9 ,texts & ,/udies1 v4 p4 viii4 f41 & comp>e bel[1 p4 #ahc f4 7,see ,plate ,,iv47 ,hug1 ,comm5tatio de antiquitate codicis ,vaticani1 #ahaj4 ,v]cellone1 ,dell' anti*issimo codice ,vaticano della ,bibbia ,greca1 #ahei2 repr9t$ 9 8 ,diss]tazioni accademi*e1 ,roma1 #ahfd1 #aae ff4 ,fir/ facsimile reproduction1 ,bibliorum sacrorum ,graecus ,codex ,vaticanus 444 collatis /udiis ,c>oli ,v]cellone et ,josephi ,cozza editus1 vol4 v41 ,rome1 #ahfh2 vol4 vi4 7,proleg4 ,comm5t4 ,tab4 ed4 ,h5r4 ,fabiani et ,jos4 ,cozza71 #ahha2 cf4 ,th,lz41 #ahhb1 vi4 #i4 ,a4 ,giovanni1 ,della ,illu/razione dell' edizione ,romana del ,codice ,vaticano1 ,rome1 #ahfi4 ,photographic edition1 ,novum ,te/am5tum e ,codice ,vaticano #abji 444 phototypice repraes5tatum 444 curante ,jos4 ,cozza-,luzi1 ,rome1 #ahhi1 fol42 see ,h4 ,c4 ,hoski]1 ,! ,expositor1 #ahhi1 vol4 x4 #deg ff42 ,o4 v4 ,gebh>dt1 ,th,lz41 #ahij1 #af2 ,ne/le1 ,sep4-,/41 ii4 #af ff4 ,alf4 ,rahlfs1 ,alt] und ,heimat d] ,vatikanis*5 ,bibelh&s*rift 7,na*ri*t5 d] ,gesell4 d] ,wiss4 zu ,gtt+51 ,philologis*-hi/oris*e ,klasse1 #ahhi1 ,heft i4 pp4 #gb-gi74 ,9 ?is article ,rahlfs seeks to prove t ! numb] & ord] ( ! books 9 ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts conta9$ 9 ,b correspond exactly to ! ,canon ( ! ,scriptures giv5 by ,a?anasius 9 8 ?irty-n9? ,fe/al ,lett] ( ! ye> #cfg4 ,9 x1 ,a?anasius1 aft] m5tion+ all ! canonical books ( ! ,bible1 includ+ ^? ( ! ,n4 ,t41 cites ! extra-canonical books ( ! ,o4 ,t4 :i* are all[$ to be read1 putt+ !m aft] ! second gr\p1 1 because two ( ^! books1 ,wisdom & ,sira*1 7 to be writt5 4 ,9 ! ,n4 ,t4 ! ,greek & ,syriac =ms ( ! ,fe/al ,lett] put ,hebrews expressly betwe5 ! ,epi/les to ! ,*ur*es & ! ,pa/oral ,epi/les4 ,9 ! ,sahidic v]sion ( ! ,lett]1 h[ev]1 ,hebrews /&s be=e ,galatians4 ,?is latt] arrangem5t is evid5tly ! survival ( a pre-,a?anasian ord] :i* has be5 long] pres]v$ 9 ! ,sahidic translation4#ff ,b if ,b is ! "w ( ,a?anasius1 x foll[s t x _c be "o ( ! ,bibles ord]$ by ,con/ant9e4 ,9 ?is case x w\ld r be writt5 9 ,egypt1 & we %\ld h 9 x ! ,rec5sion ( ,hesy*ius1 z ,grabe suppos$ 0 ! case 9 ! ,o4 ,t41 :ile ,hug held ! same view 9 reg>d to ! ,n4 ,t4 text ( ?is manuscript 7see bel[1 c4 ,,iii474 ,aga9/ ! !ory ( ,rahlfs1 see ,o4 v4 ,gebh>dt 9 ! ,!ologis*e ,litt]aturzeitung1 #ahii1 n4 #bj4 ,sid5ote3 ,c4 ,c4 ,,codex ,,ephraemi ,,rescriptus1 ,no4 #i 9 ! ,national ,libr>y at ,p>is1 ! mo/ important ( ! palimpse/s4 ,?is manuscript receives its "n f ! fact t 9 ! twelf? c5tury ?irty-eight treatises ( ,ephraem1 ! ,syrian ,fa!r 7d4 #cgc71 7 writt5 ov] ! orig9al text4 ,aft] v>i\s attempts _h be5 made at its deciph]m5t by ,wett/e9 & o!rs1 ,tis*5dorf 9 #ahdc & #ahde publi%$ z mu* ( ! ,new & ,old ,te/am5ts z he 0 able to make out aft] eighte5 mon?s' lab\r1 !reby e/abli%+ 8 reputation z a textual critic4 ,! manuscript once conta9$ ! entire ,bible1 b ! :ole ( #a & #b ,!ssalonians has be5 lo/1 z also "s #cg *apt]s f ! ,gospels1 #aj f ! ,acts1 #db f ! ,epi/les1 & #h f ! ,apocalypse4 ,!re is no trace ( a *apt] division 9 ,acts1 ,epi/les1 or ,apocalypse4 ,?is la/ seems to h be5 copi$ f an exempl> consi/+ ( ab\t #abj small leaves1 "o ( :i* _h be5 displac$ by "s mi/ake4 ,! ,codex dates f ! fif? c5tury1 & may possibly h be5 writt5 9 ,egypt4 ,its e>lie/ corrections are important1 & 7 ins]t$ 9 ! six? c5tury4 ,a detail$ li/ ( ! cont5ts ( ,c is giv5 by ,scriv5]1 vol4 i4 #aba4 ,facsimile1 ibid41 ,plate ,x4 p4 #aba4 ,tis*5dorf1 ,?4 ,/4 und ,kr41 #ahda1 #abf ff2 ,n4 ,t4 edit$ #ahdc1 ,o4 ,t4 #ahde4 ,lag>de1 ,ges4 ,abh&lung51 p4 #id4 ,! page ( ! ,o4 ,t4 :i* ,tis*5dorf issu$ 9 facsimile has mo/ un=tunately disappe>$1 z ,m>t9 po9ts out 9 8 ,description te*nique des manuscrits grecs relatifs au ,n4 ,t41 etc41 ,p>is1 #ahhd1 p4 #d4 ,a4 ,jacob1 ,notes sur les ,,mss4 grecs palimpse/es de la ,biblio?que ,nationale1 9 ,melanges ,juli5 ,havet1 #gei-ggj4 ,! =ego+ is :at rema9s ( ! f\r great manuscripts :i* once conta9$ ! :ole ,bible4 ,x w be obs]v$ t at ! pres5t "t !y are di/ribut$ among ! ,capitals ( ! great bran*es ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*--viz41 ,/4 ,pet]sburg 7,greek71 ,rome & ,p>is 7,roman71 & ,london 7,anglican74 ,g]man s*ol>s h tak5 a =emo/ place 9 ! "w ( _! inve/igation4 ,sid5ote3 ,d4 ,d4 ,,codex ,,bezae ,,cantabrigi5sis1 inf]ior to ! =ego+ 9 age1 compass1 & repute1 b p]haps surpass+ all ( !m 9 importance1 by reason ( its unique "*4 ,! manuscript 0 pres5t$ to ! ,univ]sity ( ,cambridge 9 #aeha by ,calv9's fri5d ,!odore ,beza1 8ut int] v]e *ri/ianas antiquissimae plurimisque nom9ibus celeb]rimae40 ,x is n e>li] ?an ! beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury1 b is ( peculi> importance z ! olde/ ( ! ,greek-,lat9 manuscripts ( ! ,bible4 ,x n[ conta9s1 ) c]ta9 lacun1 ! ,gospels 79 ! ord] ,mat!w1 ,john1 ,luke1 ,m>k71 ! conclud+ v]ses ( ! ,lat9 text ( #c ,john1 foll[$ imm$iately by ! ,acts1 %[+ t 9 ?is manuscript ! ,epi/le ( ,jude ei!r /ood some:]e else or 0 abs5t altoge!r4 ,at lea/ n9e lat] h&s c be di/+ui%$ 9 x4 ,! fir/ scribe 0 m famili> ) ,lat9 ?an ,greek1 & !re=e ins]ts a ,roman lett] "h & !re 9 ! middle ( a ,greek ^w1 & has frequ5tly to use ! sponge to wa% out ! mi/akes he makes 9 writ+ 8 manuscript4#fg ,innum]able passages occur1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,luke & ,acts1 :]e ! text ( ,d diff]s 9 ! mo/ rem>kable mann] f t ( all ! ,greek manuscripts we are acqua9t$ )4 ,x alone1 e4g41 conta9s aft] ,luke vi4 #d ! incid5t ( ! man work+ 9 ! field on ! ,sabba? day1 to :om ,jesus said1 8,o ,man1 if ?\ kn[e/ :at ?\ doe/1 bless$ art ?\1 b if ?\ kn[e/ n1 ?\ art curs$ & a transgressor ( ! ,law40 ,x is ! only "o also t has ! words 9 ,luke xi4 #b1 8:5 ye pray1 use n va9 repetitions z ! 40 ,9 ,luke xxiii4 #ec1 x says t ! /one be=e ! grave ( ,jesus 0 ( su* a size 1 an addition 9 :i* x has ! support ( only "o ,lat9 ,,ms4 & ! ,sahidic ,v]sion4 ,aga9 9 ,acts xii4 #aj1 x is alone 9 record+ t !re 7 sev5 /eps d[n f ! prison 9 ,j]usalem 7 74 ,o!r examples might be giv5 ( simil> peculi> int]polations = ! explanation ( :i* ref]5ce mu/ be made to c4 ,,iii4 bel[4 ,its companion ,lat9 text d is n translat$ directly f its own ,greek b f ! ,greek ( ! p>5t manuscript4 ,see+ t ! manuscript 0 discov]$ 9 ! ,mona/]y ( ,ir5u at ,lyons1 & t its text agrees ) ! ,scripture quotations f\nd 9 t ,fa!r ev5 9 ! matt] ( cl]ical mi/akes1 x is possible t ! ,greek text is d]iv$ f 8 copy4 ,! ,greek occupies ! left-h& page ( ! op5 volume1 :i* is ! place ( hon\r4 7,see ,plates ,,ii & ,,iii47 ,kipl+1 ,facsimile edition1 ,codex ,?4 ,bezae ,cantabrigi5sis1 #agic1 #b vols42 ,scriv5]1 ,bezae ,codex ,cantabrigi5sis4 ,an exact copy 9 ord9>y type 444 ) critical introduction1 annotations1 & facsimiles4 #dto1 pp4 lxiv #dec1 #ahfd4 ,collation ( ! same by ,ne/le1 ,supplem5tum1 #ahif 7see p4 #bf74 ,cambridge ,univ]sity ,press1 ,photographic facsimile4 ,codex ,bezae ,cantabrigi5sis ,quattuor ,evangelia et ,actus ,apo/olorum cont95s ,graece et ,lat9e4 #b vols41 pp4 #hcj1 #ahii4 #ab gu9eas4 7,see ,lit]ature1 #bi? ,april #ahii1 p4 #dea ff472 ,dav4 ,s*ulz1 ,disputatio de ,codice ,d41 #ahbg2 ,k4 ,a4 ,cr$n]1 ,beitrge zur ,e9leitung1 vol4 i41 #ahcb1 pp4 #deb-eah2 ,j4 ,r4 ,h>ris1 ,codex ,bezae4 ,a /udy ( ! s-call$ ,we/]n ,text ( ! ,n4 ,t4 7,texts & ,/udies1 vol4 ii47 ,cambridge1 #ahia2 also ,cr$n] & ! ,codex ,bezae4 ,a ,lecture deliv]$ 9 ! ,div9ity ,s*ool1 ,cambridge1 #ai? ,nov4 #ahib4 7,! ,classical ,review1 vol4 vii4 #f1 ,june #ahic1 pp4 #bcg-bdc72 ,*ase1 ,! ,old ,syriac ,elem5t 9 ! text ( ,codex ,bezae1 ,london1 #ahic2 also ,! ,syro-,lat9 ,text ( ! ,gospels1 ,london1 #ahie2 ,ne/le1 ,"s ,obs]vations on ! ,codex ,bezae 9 ! ,expositor1 v4 #b1 #ahie1 p4 #bce2 ,h4 ,trabaud1 ,un curieux manuscrit du ,n4 ,t4 9 ! ,revue de ?ologie et de philosophie1 ,lausanne1 #ahif1 p4 #cgh2 ,fr4 ,blass3 #a4 ,die zwiefa*e ,textb]lief]ung 9 d] ,apo/elges*i*te 7,?4 ,/4 ,kr41 #ahid1 p4 #hf ff472 #b4 ,acta ,apo/olorum sive ,lucae ad ,!ophilum ,lib] alt]4 ,editio philologica1 ,gtt+51 #ahie2 #c4 ,acta ,apo/olorum 444 secundum =mam quae videtur ,romanam1 ,leipzig1 #ahif2 #d4 ,ueb] die v]s*i$55 ,text=m5 9 d5 ,s*rift5 des ,lukas 7,neue ,kir*li*e ,zeits*rift1 #ahie1 p4 #gab72 #e4 ,de duplici =ma ,actorum ,lucae 7,h]ma!na1 ,dubl91 #ahie1 p4 #aba72 #f4 ,de v>iis =mis ,evangelii ,lucani 7,ibid41 ,dubl91 #ahif1 p4 #bia72 #g4 ,neue ,texteszeug5 fr die ,apo/elges*i*te 7,?4 ,/4 ,kr41 #ahif1 p4 #dcf72 #h4 ,evangelium secundum ,lucam sive ,lucae ad ,!ophilum ,lib] prior4 ,secundum =mam quae videtur ,romanam1 ,leipzig1 #ahig2 ,b4 ,weiss1 ,d] ,codex ,d 9 d] ,apo/elges*i*te4 ,textkritis*e ,unt]su*ung1 ,leipzig1 #ahig1 7 ,texte und ,unt]su*ung54 ,n4 ,f4 ,zweit] ,b&1 ,heft #a72 ,f4 ,graefe1 ,d] ,codex ,bezae und das ,lucasevangelium1 ,?4 ,/4 ,kr41 #ahih1 i4 #aaf-adj2 comp>e especially1 ,on ! ,italian ,orig9 ( ,codex ,bezae4 #a4 ,codex ,bezae & cod4 #ajga1 by ! ,rev4 ,k4 ,lake2 #b4 ,! ,m>g9al ,notes ( ,lections1 by ! ,rev4 ,f4 ,e4 ,brightman 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 i4 #c 7,april #aijj7 pp4 #dda-ded4 ,codex #ajga is a m9uscule on ,mt4 ,a?os1 9 :i* ! text ( ! ,p]icope ,adult]ae 7,john viii47 is ess5tially ! same z ! s+ul> text exhibit$ by ,d4 ,x seems to h come f ,calabria4 ,! lection>y indicat$ 9 ! m>g9 ( ,d po9ts to a mix$ ,greek & ,lat9 population su* z t 9 ! ,s\? ( ,italy4 ,9 :at foll[s ! manuscripts are gr\p$ accord+ to _! cont5ts z copies ( ! ,gospels1 ,acts & ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 ,paul9e ,epi/les1 or ( ! ,apocalypse4 ,sid5ote3 ,gospels4 ,e4 ,,codex ,,basili5sis1 by "s ascrib$ to ! sev5? c5tury1 b belong+ m probably to ! eigh?3 br\ght to ,europe by ,c>d9al ,john de ,ragusio1 :o 0 s5t on a mission to ! ,greeks by ! ,c\ncil ( ,basel 7#adca73 us$ by ,mill1 ,b5gel1 & ,wett/e93 ,luke iii4 #d-ae & xxiv4 #dg-ec want+3 has be5 9 ! ,univ]sity ,libr>y at ,basel s9ce #aeei4 7,scriv5]1 i4 p4 #aca1 ,plate ,,xi4 #bg47 ,f4 ,,boreelianus1 writt5 9 ! n9? c5tury3 s call$ z belong+ at "o "t to a ,dut*man nam$ ,john ,boreel3 n[ 9 ,utre*t3 has _m lacun1 "s ( :i* h aris5 s9ce ,wett/e9 collat$ ! manuscript 9 #agcj4 7,scriv5]1 i4 #aca1 ,plate ,,xi4 #bh47 ,fa4 ,,coisl9ianus1 ( ! sev5? c5tury1 ?\gh "s say ! six? & o!rs ! eigh?3 consi/s ( only #bf v]ses f ,mat!w1 ,luke1 ,john1 ,acts1 #a & #b ,cor41 ,gal41 ,col41 & ,heb41 writt5 on ! m>g9 ( a fam\s ,p>isian manuscript ( ! ,octoteu* 9 ,greek conta9+ ,g54-,deut41 ,jo%41 ,jud41 & ,ru?4 ,li/ ( cont5ts ( ,fa 9 ,scriv5]1 i4 #acd4 ,g4 ,,seidelianus1 ( ! t5? c5tury3 "p ( x 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 9 ,london & "p 9 ,tr9ity ,college1 ,cambridge3 br\ght f ! ,ea/ by ,seidel & pres5t$ 9 #agah by ! ,b]l9 ,libr>ian ,la ,croze to ,j4 ,*r4 ,wolf1 a cl]gyman 9 ,hamburg :o cut out half a page to s5d to ,b5tley 9 #agba4 7,scriv5]1 i4 #aca1 ,plate ,,xi4 #bi47 ,h4 ,,seidelianus ,,ii41 ( ! n9? c5tury1 9 ,hamburg3 bequea!d ) 8 libr>y to 8 native city by ,wolf1 & r$iscov]$ !re 9 #ahch4 7,scriv5]1 i1 #acd1 ,plate ,,xii4 #ca47 ,i4 ,,tis*5dorfianus ,,ii41 fragm5ts ( sev5 manuscripts 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg f\nd by ,tis*5dorf 9 ! ,mona/]y ( ,m> ,saba1 ne> ! ,dead ,sea3 consi/s ( #bh palimpse/ leaves ) ,greek writ+ ( ! t5? c5tury conta9+ only #bee v]ses ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ( :i* #aij are f ! ,gospels3 ! ?ree olde/ leaves are ( ! fif? c5tury2 "s ( !m are p]haps p>ts ( a once complete ,bible3 detail$ li/ ( cont5ts 9 ,scriv5]1 i4 #acd f4 ,ib4 ,s indicat$ by ,tis*5dorf 9 8 eigh? edition1 =m]ly kn[n z ,nb1 ( ! f\r? or m probably ! fif? c5tury3 a ?reefold palimpse/ writt5 fir/ 9 ,greek & aft]w>ds twice 9 ,syriac3 conta9s #ag v]ses f ,john's ,gospel3 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 li/ ( v]ses 9 ,scriv5]1 i4 #ada4 ,k4 ,,cyprius1 ,no4 #fc 9 ! ,national ,libr>y at ,p>is3 middle ( ! n9? c5tury3 pur*as$ 9 ,cyprus = ,colb]t 9 #afgc3 "o ( ! six1 or includ+ sev51 complete uncial manuscripts ( ! ,gospels1 ! o!rs be+ ,,bmsu 774 ,facsimile 9 ,scriv5]1 i41 ,plate ,,vii4 p4 #aec4 ,l4 ,,regius1 ,no4 #fb 9 ! ,national ,libr>y at ,p>is3 ( ! eigh? c5tury3 conta9s ! f\r ,gospels complete ) ! exception ( five lacun 9 ,mat!w iv4 v4 & xxviii41 ,m>k x4 & xv41 & 9 ,john xxi43 important z %[+ ! d\ble conclusion ( ,m>k's ,gospel :i* is exhibit$ z yet1 except 9 v]sions1 9 only ?ree o!r uncials 71 1 & 7 & "o m9uscule 7see ,plate ,x474 ,facsimile ( ,l1 ,m>k xvi4 #h1 #i1 9 ,scriv5]1 i41 ,plate ,,ix4 #ba1 p4 #acg4 ,! conclusions1 z f\nd 9 ,l1 1 1 & 1 are pr9t$ & discuss$ 9 ,swete's ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,m>k1 pp4 xcviii1 xcix4 ,see also ,we/cott & ,hort's ,introduction1 ,app5dix1 p4 #bh ff42 ,scriv5]1 ii4 #ccg2 ,ha/+s' ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 iii4 p4 #ac4 ,m4 ,,campianus1 #dh 9 ! ,national ,libr>y1 ,p>is3 ( ! n9? c5tury3 pres5t$ to ,l\is ,,xiv4 by ! ,abb ,franois de ,camps1 #a/ ,janu>y #agjf3 conta9s ! f\r ,gospels complete3 "o ( ! olde/ manuscripts1 ) ! exception ( ,d1 t exhibit ! p]icope ( ! adult]ess1 ,john vii4 #ec ff4 ,facsimile 9 ,scriv5]1 i41 ,plate ,,xii4 p4 #acd4 ,n4 ,,purpureus1 belong+ to ! end ( ! six? c5tury3 "o ( ! mo/ lovely manuscripts1 consi/+ ( #de leaves1 ( :i* #f are 9 ! ,vatican ,libr>y at ,rome1 #d 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 #b 9 ,vi5na1 & ! rema9+ #cc 9 ! ,mona/]y ( ,/4 ,john 9 ,patmos1 f :i*1 9 all probability1 ! o!rs 7 c>ri$ (f4 ,! manuscript is writt5 ) silv] lett]s on a purple gr\nd1 only ! lett]s are n pr9t$ on x ) movable type z 0 =m]ly suppos$ 9 ! case ( ! simil> ,codex ,arg5teus ( ,ulfilas4 ,! cont5ts are giv5 9 ,scriv5]1 i4 #aci f41 & a facsimile at p4 #ih1 ,plate ,v4 #ahb o!r leaves belong+ to ?is manuscript 7 rec5tly acquir$ 9 ,cappadocia = ,russia4 ,! ,vi5na fragm5t is mo/ beautifully pr9t$ 9 facsimile 9 t sup]b "w1 ,die ,wi5] ,g5esis1 edit$ by ,wilh4 ,ritt] von ,h>tel & ,franz ,wickh(f3 ,supplem5t to vols4 xv4 & xvi4 ( ! ,jahrbu* d] kun/hi/oris*5 ,sammlung5 des ,all]h*/5 ,kais]hauses4 ,vi5na1 #ahie4 ,h>tel 7p4 #adb7 sees no reason :y ! manuscript %\ld n be ascrib$ to ! fif? c5tury4 ,! text ( ,codex ,n1 includ+ ! new ,russian fragm5ts1 has be5 publi%$ ) ,introduction & ,app5dix by ! ,rev4 ,h4 ,s4 ,cron9 9 ,texts & ,/udies1 v4 #d1 #ahii4 ,! ,app5dix conta9s a collation ( ! ,gospel ( ,m>k 9 ! ,codex ,imp]atricis ,!odorae 7,scriv4 #dgc3 ,hort #ha3 ,tis*4 #bpe3 ,greg4 #efe2 see note on p4 #aea74 ,see ,ne/le 9 ! ,zeits*rift fr wiss4 ,!ologie1 #db 7#ahii71 pp4 #fba-fbc4 ,"s leaves ( ano!r purple manuscript h be5 acquir$ 9 ,p>is4 ,see ,h4 ,omont1 ,acad4 des ,inscr41 ,m>s-,avril #aijj4 ,o4 ,9 ,mosc[1 consi/s ( a few leaves tak5 f ! b9d+ ( a book3 conta9s #ae v]ses f ,john's ,gospel i4 & xx43 writt5 9 ! n9? c5tury4 ,oa-h4 ,psalt]s1 9 :i* are f\nd1 aft] ! ,psalms among ! poetic selections f ! ,bible1 ! ,magnificat1 ! ,b5$ictus1 & ! ,nunc ,dimittis f ! fir/ & second *apt]s ( ,luke's ,gospel4 ,oc is a ,greek ,psalt] ( ! six? c5tury writt5 9 ,lat9 *>act]s & is at ,v]ona4 ,od is a purple ,psalt] ( ! sev5? c5tury at ,zuri*4 ,oe at ,/4 ,gall is a ,psalt] ( ! n9? c5tury1 writt5 p>tly 9 ,lat9 & p>tly 9 ,greek4 ,p & ,q4 ,two palimpse/s at ,wolf5bttel1 ! =m] belong+ to ! six? & ! latt] to ! fif? c5tury4 ,p1 x appe>s1 came f ,bobbio & 0 aft]w>ds at ,weiss5burg1 ,may5ce1 & ,prague4 ,q1 toge!r ) a portion ( ,ulfilas's ,go?ic ,bible1 has be5 employ$ to receive ! works ( ,isidore ( ,seville4 ,! codices 7 edit$ ) great c>e by ,tis*5dorf 9 #ahfi4 ,r4 ,,nitri5sis1 ( ! six? c5tury3 9 ! ,briti% ,museum3 consi/s ( #dh leaves conta9+ "s #eaf v]ses f ,luke's ,gospel1 ov] :i* & a manuscript ( #djjj v]ses ( ! ,iliad1 ! ,syriac works ( ,sev]us ( ,antio* 7 writt5 9 ! n9? c5tury4 ,! palimpse/ 0 br\ght f ! ,nitrian ,des]t 9 #ahdg1 & deposit$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 7,scriv5]1 i4 #ade1 ,plate ,,vi1 #ag47 ,s4 ,,vaticanus #ced3 "o ( ! e>lie/ manuscripts ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t t be>s an exact date4 ,at ! end is writt51 '1 1 '1 '1 '1 i4e4 at six o'clock on ,?ursday1 #a/ ,m>* #fdeg 9 ! #g? ,indiction#fh or #idi ,a4,d4 ,ta4 ,( ! fif? c5tury3 9 ! ,museum ,borgianum at ,rome3 writt5 probably by a ,coptic monk3 un=tunately a m]e fragm5t conta9+ only #ag leaves f ,luke & ,john3 is writt5 9 two columns1 t on ! left conta9+ a ,sahidic v]sion4 ,tb1 simil> small fragm5ts ( ,john 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg ( ! six? c5tury4 ,tc1 also ( ! six? c5tury1 a fragm5t ( ,mat!w1 =m]ly 9 ! possession ( ,bi%op ,porfiri ,usp5ski ( ,kiev1 & n[ at ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,td1 ( ! sev5? c5tury1 9 ,rome1 "p ( a ,sahidic-,greek ,evangeli>ium1 conta9+ a few v]ses f ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 & ,john4 ,te1 ( ! six? c5tury 7871 at ,cambridge1 consi/s ( f\r v]ses1 ,mat!w iii4 #ac-af4 ,th 7,tk 9 ,ti,gr4 p4 #dej71 ?ree leaves f ,mat!w xx4 & xxii4 ,ti-r1 fragm5ts ( six ,greek-,coptic & ?ree ,greek ,gospels ( ! n9? & t5? c5turies1 b possibly ! sev5? & eigh?1 publi%$ by ,aml9eau 9 vol4 xxxiv4 ( ! ,notices et ,extraits de la ,biblio?que ,nationale1 #ahie1 #cfc ff42 cf4 v4 ,dobs*tz 9 ! ,lit4 ,c5t4-,blatt41 #ahie1 #db1 #aheg4 ,tl conta9s ! d\ble conclusion ( ,m>k's ,gospel4 ,twoi1 simil> leaves at ,ox=d :i* once belong$ to ,woide1 b by a diff]5t h& f ,ta4 ,to ^! ,grco-,coptic fragm5ts !re is n[ to be add$ two *apt]s ( ,john's ,gospel 7iii4 #e-;iv4 #di71 9 ,greek & ,middle ,egyptian1 writt5 9 ! six? c5tury4 ,!y are publi%$ by ,w4 ,e4 ,crum & ,f4 ,g4 ,k5yon 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 i4 #c 7,april #aijj71 pp4 #dae-dcc4 ,! f9d conta9s no rem>kable read+s4 ,! editors call its text neutral1 & ?9k x helps to %[ t ,egypt 0 ! home ( su* correct & upright texts4 7,tw ,greg47 ,u4 ,,nanianus1 s call$ f a =m] possessor3 ( ! end ( ! n9? or beg9n+ ( ! t5? c5tury3 9 ,v5ice3 a v beautiful & complete manuscript ( ! ,gospels1 ) ornam5tations 9 gold4 7,scriv5]1 i4 #acg1 ,plate ,,ix4 #bb47 ,v4 ,=m]ly at ,m\nt ,a?os1 n[ 9 ,mosc[3 ( ! n9? c5tury3 fir/ employ$ by ,b5gel & ,wett/e9 ?r\gh ! m$ium ( ,g4 ,b4 ,bilf+]4 ,w4 ,v>i\s small fragm5ts3 ,wa ( ! eigh? c5tury 9 ,p>is3 a fragm5t ( ,luke4 ,wb ( ! eigh? c5tury 7or ! n9?7 9 ,naples3 a palimpse/ ) p>ts ( ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 & ,luke4 ,wc ( ! n9? c5tury at ,/4 ,gall3 a palimpse/1 conta9+ fragm5ts ( ,m>k & ,luke1 p]haps once bil+ual1 ,greek-,lat94 ,wd ( ! n9? c5tury 9 ,cambridge4 ,we ( ! n9? c5tury3 "p ( ,john1 at ,m\nt ,a?os1 ,ox=d1 & ,a!ns4 ,wf ( ! n9? c5tury3 9 ,ox=d3 fragm5t ( ,m>k4 ,wg ( ! n9? c5tury3 consi/+ ( #cf palimpse/ leaves ) #dig v]ses f ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,wh ( ! n9? c5tury3 9 ,ox=d3 "p ( ,m>k4 ,wi-m 9 ,p>is1 ( ! sev5? to ! eigh? or n9? c5tury3 fragm5ts ( ,m>k & ,luke1 ( :i* ,wl & ,wk are pr9t$ 9 ,omont's ,catalogue des ,manuscrits ,grecs1 ,lat9s1 ,franais1 et ,espagnols et des ,portulans1 recueillis p> feu ,emmanuel ,mill]1 ,p>is1 #ahig4 ,wn ( ! sev5? c5tury1 9 ,vi5na3 fragm5ts ( ,john4 ,wo ( ! n9? c5tury1 9 ,milan3 #af mutilat$ palimpse/ leaves1 conta9+ portions ( ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 & ,luke4 ,x4 ,,monac5sis1 writt5 at ! end ( ! n9? or beg9n+ ( ! t5? c5tury1 n[ 9 ,muni*1 conta9s ! ,gospels1 ) lacun1 & a comm5t>y1 9 ! ord] ,mat!w1 ,john1 ,luke1 ,m>k4 ,scriv5]1 i4 #cdc1 ,plate ,,xiii4 #ch2 = cont5ts see ibid41 p4 #aeb4 ,xb4 ,fragm5t conta9+ ,luke i4 #a-;ii4 #dj1 hi!rto reckon$ among ! m9uscules & numb]$ #dbi2 also 9 ,muni*4 ,y4 ,belong+ to ! eigh? c5tury1 9 ! ,b>b]9i ,libr>y at ,rome3 #f leaves conta9+ ,john xvi4 #c-xix4 #da4 ,z4 ,a palimpse/ 9 ,dubl9 ( ! fif? or six? c5tury1 conta9+ #bie v]ses ( ,mat!w's ,gospel4 ,scriv5]1 i4 #aec2 ,plate ,,vii4 #ah4 ,! ,roman alphabet n be+ suffici5t = ! numb] ( uncial manuscripts1 rec\rse 0 tak5 to ^? lett]s ( ! ,greek & ,hebrew :i* h a di/9ct =m f ^? already employ$4 ,x 0 propos$ by o!rs to res]ve ! ,greek lett]s = ^? manuscripts no long] extant1 ^: text c be recon/ruct$ f a numb] ( k9dr$ manuscripts z _! common ar*etype4 4 ,( ! n9? or t5? c5tury3 "p 9 ,ox=d & "p 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ! =m] hav+ be5 obta9$ f ,tis*5dorf 9 #ahee & ! latt] 9 #ahei3 conta9s ! :ole ( ,luke & ,john1 b ,m>k is defective f iii4 #cd to vi4 #bj1 :ile ,mat!w is /ill m defective4 ,! writ+ ( ! manuscript 0 f9i%$ on a c]ta9 ,?ursday1 ! #bg? ,novemb]1 9 ! eigh? ye> ( an indiction4 ,tis*5dorf accord+ly fix$ its date z #hdd4 ,x 0 previ\sly assign$ by ,g>d?aus5 to ! ye> #igi4 ,scriv5]1 i4 #acd1 ,plate ,,xii4 #ce4 4 ,,sangall5sis1 writt5 at ! end ( ! n9? or beg9n+ ( ! t5? c5tury3 n[ at ,/4 ,gall1 :]e x 0 probably transcrib$ by an ,iri% monk3 has an int]l9e> ,lat9 v]sion1 & 0 n1 !re=e1 l ,d1 int5d$ = *ur* b = s*ool purposes4 ,! ,codex has ! f\r ,gospels complete ) ! exception ( ,john xix4 #ag-ce4 ,9 ,m>k ! text %[s a clos] agreem5t ) ,,cl ?an 9 ! o!r ,gospels4 ,! manuscript has be5 copi$ f "o writt5 scriptione cont9ua1 & 9 consequ5ce ! words are (t5 wrongly divid$4 ,see ,g#c bel[1 p4 #gg4 a-d4 ,small fragm5ts br\ght f ! ,ea/ by ,tis*5dorf1 ( :i* a belongs to ! sev5? c5tury1 & bcd to ! sev5?1 six?1 & sev5? or eigh? c5tury respectively4 ,! fir/ is 9 ,leipzig1 ! o!rs 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 e-h 7 =m]ly 9 ! possession ( ,bi%op ,porfiri ( ,kiev4 4 ,( ! n9? c5tury3 conta9s ! ,gospels ( ,luke & ,john entire3 evid5tly ! second "p ( a m9uscule br\ght to ,/4 ,pet]sburg by ,tis*5dorf1 ,no4 #eff;evv 7,greg47#fi3 m>g9al s*olia are affix$ to f\r passages 9 ,mat!w--viz4 iv4 #e1 xvi4 #ag1 xviii4 #bb1 xxvi4 #gd1 giv+ ! read+s ( o1 i4e4 ! lo/ ,gospel accord+ to ! ,hebrews1 & its subscription runs1 ' 7#bead7 ' 7#cde74 ,! manuscript is 9 ! ,bodleian ,libr>y at ,ox=d4 ,scriv5]1 i4 #aca1 ,plate ,,xi4 #cj4 ,cf4 von ,dobs*tz1 ,zwei ,bibelh&s*rift5 mit doppelt] ,s*rift>t 7,?4 ,lz41 #ahhi1 iii4 #gd f474 4 ,,zacyn?ius1 a palimpse/ ( ! eigh? c5tury f ,zante1 n[ 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,briti% & ,=eign ,bible ,society 9 ,london3 ! e>lie/ manuscript ) a comm5t>y3 has ! same sy/em ( *apt] division z ,b1 & is (t5] f\nd support+ ,b aga9/ ,a ?an vice v]sa4 4 ,( ! n9? c5tury3 conta9s ! ,gospels almo/ complete3 once ! prop]ty ( a ,greek ( ,smyrna call$ ,p>odos3 procur$ by ,tis*5dorf = ! ,emp]or ( ,russia4 4 ,( ! six? c5tury3 writt5 on purple ) gold & silv] lett]+ & #ag m9iatures1 be+ ! e>lie/ manuscript to conta9 su*3 rescu$ f obscurity 9 #ahgi by ,osc> v4 ,gebh>dt & ,a4 ,h>nack1 :o discov]$ x at ,rossano 9 ,calabria3 h5ce designat$ z ,codex ,rossan5sis3 is ne>ly relat$ to ,n4 ,scriv5]1 i4 #abd1 ,plate ,,xiv4 #dc4 ,o4 v4 ,gebh>dt1 ,die ,evangeli5 des ,mat?u und des ,m>cus aus dem ,codex ,purpureus ,rossan5sis h]ausgegeb5 7,t4 und ,u41 i4 #d1 #ahhc74 ,a4 ,hasel(f1 ,cod4 ,pur4 ,rossan5sis4 ,die ,m9iatur5 d] grie*is*5 ,evangeli5-,h&s*rift 9 ,rossano4 ,na* photographis*5 ,aufnahm5 h]ausgegeb54 ,leipzig1 #ahih 7conta9s #ad facsimiles ( ! text & #ae photographic plates74 ,vide ,s4 ,b]g] 9 ,bull4 ,crit41 #ahii1 #f3 also ,f4 ,x4 v4 ,funk1 ,die ,zeit4 des ,cod4 ,rossan5sis 9 ! ,hi/4 ,jahrbu* d] ,grresges*ells*aft1 xvii4 #b1 #ahif1 #cca-cdd4 4 ,,codex ,,b]at9us1 ( ! six? c5tury3 at ,b]at 9 ,albania3 l ! la/ a purple ,codex ) silv] writ+3 conta9s portions ( ,mat!w & ,m>k3 se5 & publi%$ by ,batiffol4 ,scriv5]1 i4 #aff1 ,plate ,,xv4 4 ,fragm5ts ( ! eigh? or n9? c5tury at ,a?os3 conta9s ,m>k ix4 #e to ! end1 ,luke1 ,john1 ,acts1 sev5 ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 ,romans to ,philemon1 & ,hebrews3 exhibits aft] ,m>k xvi4 #h ! same d\ble conclusion z is f\nd 9 ,l & "o ,s9ai manuscript4 ,on "s read+s ( 1 see ,lake 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 ,no4 i4 p1 #hh2 ii4 pp4 #bij-bib4 4 ,( ! eigh? or n9? c5tury3 9 ! ,mona/]y ( ,dionysius at ,a?os3 conta9s ! ,gospels entire4 ,! la/-m5tion$ codices h n yet be5 ?or\ghly collat$1 "s ( !m hav+ be5 only rec5tly discov]$4 ,! foll[+ are indicat$ by ,hebrew lett]s4 4 ,( ! n9? or t5? c5tury3 9 ! ,mona/]y ( ,/4 ,&rew at ,a?os3 conta9s ! ,gospels ) lacun4 4 ,,gregorianus1 a purple manuscript f ,cappadocia n[ admitt$ to be "p ( ,n4 #f-ac4 ,sev]al leaves dat+ f ! fif? to ! n9? c5tury1 discov]$ at ,s9ai by ,j4 ,r4 ,h>ris & publi%$ by him 7,biblical fragm5ts f ,m\nt ,s9ai1 #ahij73 #ab conta9s ! d\ble conclusion ( ,m>k3 #ac is a purple fragm5t ( ! sev5? c5tury conta9+ a few v]ses f ! fir/ *apt] ( ,luke1 p]haps only a quotation4 4 ,swete indicates ) ?is lett] ! fragm5t cit$ above z ,tl1 :i* exhibits ! d\ble conclusion ( ,m>k's ,gospel4 ,see 8 ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,m>k1 pp4 xcii41 xcix4 4 ,an ,oxyrhyn*us fragm5t ( ! fif? or six? c5tury1 publi%$ by ,gr5fell & ,hunt1 ,! ,oxyrhyn*us ,papyri1 ,"p ,i4 ) eight ,plates1 ,london1 #ahih3 conta9s only ,m>k x4 #ej f4 & xi4 #aj f43 cit$ by ,swete4 7,tg ,greg47 ,"p ,,ii4 ( ,! ,oxyrhyn*us ,papyri 7#ahii1 pp4 #a-h7 conta9s a fragm5t ( ,john's ,gospel 7cc4 i4 & xx47 f a %eet ( a papyrus codex writt5 betwe5 #bjj & #cjj ,a4,d4 ,?is is "o ( ! e>lie/ fragm5ts t h be5 discov]$ ( a papyrus book 7n a roll74 ,x exhibits already ! abbreviations usually f\nd 9 !ological manuscripts1 su* z 1 1 1 4 ,! ,codex agrees ) 9 sev]al read+s n f\nd else:]e4 7,tx ,greg47 ,see ,add5da1 p4 xv4 ,sid5ote3 ,acts & ,ca?olic ,epi/les4 ,! second gr\p is compos$ ( manuscripts ( ! ,acts & ,ca?olic ,epi/les :i* are di/+ui%$ f ^? 9 ! fir/ by affix+ ! expon5t #b at ! bottom ( ! symbol4 ,a ,b exhibit ! ,acts & ,ca?olic ,epi/les complete3 ,e#b ,d h ! ,acts all b entire3 ,k ,l h ! ,ca?olic ,epi/les complete3 ,c ,p h ! great] "p ( !m4 ,= ,a ,b ,c ,d ,fa 7a few v]ses ( ! ,acts71 see above4 ,e#b4 ,,laudianus #ce1 9 ,ox=d1 writt5 at ! end ( ! six? c5tury3 bil+ual1 ,lat9-,greek1 ! ,lat9 occupy+ ! place ( hon\r on ! left3 breaks (f at ,acts xxvi4 #bi3 ! text v peculi> & some:at l t ( ,d4 ,! manuscript 0 =m]ly 9 ,s>d9ia1 & 0 probably br\ght to ,engl& by ,!odore ( ,t>sus 9 #ffh4 ,x 0 employ$ by ! ,v5]able ,b$e 7d4 #gce7 9 8 ,expositio ( ! ,acts & aft]w>ds 9 8 ,expositio ,retractata4 ,ar*bi%op ,laud pres5t$ ! manuscript ) _m o!rs to ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d4 ,fell & ,mill made use ( x4 ,scriv5]1 i4 #aba1 ,plate ,x4 #be4 ,g#b4 ,( ! sev5? c5tury1 a s+le leaf 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg conta9+ ,acts ii4 #de-;iii4 #h1 torn f ! cov] ( a ,syriac manuscript4 ,gb4 ,( ! n9? c5tury1 a palimpse/ ( six leaves 9 ,rome conta9+ portions ( ,acts xvi4 #cb-xviii4 #bj4 7,vat4 ,gr4 #bcjb47 ,h#b4 ,n9? c5tury1 9 ,mod5a1 has ! ,acts ) "s lacun4 ,i#b4 ,fragm5ts 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg ( ! fif? & sev5? c5turies3 f\r leaves f ?ree diff]5t manuscripts ( ! ,acts4 ,k#b4 ,( ! n9? c5tury3 br\ght to ,mosc[ f ,a?os3 conta9s ! ,ca?olic & ,paul9e ,epi/les4 ,l#b4 ,writt5 at ! end ( ! n9? c5tury3 9 ! ,angelica ,libr>y at ,rome3 conta9s ! ,acts f c4 viii4 onw>ds1 ! ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 & ! ,paul9e d[n to ,hebrews xiii4 ,p#b4 ,( ! n9? c5tury3 =m]ly 9 ! possession ( ,bi%op ,porfiri ( ,kiev & n[ at ,/4 ,pet]sburg3 publi%$ by ,tis*5dorf3 conta9s ,acts1 ,ca?olic & ,paul9e ,epi/les1 & ,apocalypse1 ) sev]al lacun4 ,s#b4 ,( ! eigh? or n9? c5tury3 at ,a?os3 conta9s ,acts1 ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 ,romans1 portions ( #a & #b ,cor9?ians1 & ,ephesians4 #b4 ,a palimpse/ ( ! fif? c5tury3 9 ,rome3 r$iscov]$ by ,batiffol3 consi/s ( fragm5ts ( ,acts1 ,james1 #a & #b ,pet]1 #a1 #b1 & #c ,john1 ,romans1 #a & #b ,cor9?ians1 ,ephesians1 ,philippians1 ,colossians1 #a ,!ssalonians1 #a & #b ,timo?y1 ,titus1 ,philemon1 & ,hebrews4 ,sid5ote3 ,paul9e ,epi/les4 ,! ?ird gr\p is compos$ ( manuscripts ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les4 ,( ^! !re is a comp>atively l>ge numb]1 :i* may be tak5 z indicat+ ! important position ascrib$ to ,paul ev5 9 e>ly times4 1 h[ev]1 is ! only ,codex t conta9s 8 ,epi/les complete2 9 ,d ,l !y are almo/ complete1 & ,a ,b ,c ,e ,f ,g ,k exhibit ! great] "p ( !m4 ,= ,a ,b ,c1 see above4 ,a is defective 9 #b ,cor4 iv4 #ac-xii4 #f inclusive4 ,b breaks (f at ,hebrews ix4 #ad1 consequ5tly #a & #b ,timo?y1 ,titus1 & ,philemon are want+4 ,d#b4 ,,codex ,,cl>omontanus3 takes its "n f ,cl]mont ne> ,beauvais4 ,! manuscript 0 writt5 9 ! six? c5tury1 & is bil+ual 9 ,greek & ,lat91 hav+ ! ,greek on ! left-h& page4 ,! ,greek is want+ 9 ,rom4 i4 #a-g1 #bg-cj1 & 9 #a ,cor4 xiv4 #ac-bb4 ,9 ,gal4 v4 #i ,d#b reads 1 & 9 v]se #ad 1 9 bo? places agree+ ) ,m>cion4 ,at lea/ n9e h&s are di/+ui%able 9 ! manuscript1 "o ( :om correct$ ! text 9 ov] #bjjj places 9 ! n9? or t5? c5tury4 ,two leaves are palimpse/1 _! text be+ writt5 ov] "p ( a play ( ,euripides4 ,hebrews has evid5tly be5 copi$ into ! ,codex f a diff]5t manuscript by a lat] scribe4 ,be=e x is a li/ ( 8v]sus scribtu>um sanct>um10 "o ( ! olde/ /i*ometric catalogues ( ! books ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts1 :i* is d]iv$ f an e>ly ,greek orig9al4 ,?is ,catalogus ,cl>omontanus is giv5 9 ,we/cott's ,hi/ory ( ! ,canon1 ,app4 ,d1 xx4 p4 #efc1 & 9 8 ,bible 9 ! ,*ur*1 ,app4 ,b1 p4 #cji4 ,see also ,zahn1 ,ges*i*te des ,n4 ,t4 ,kanons1 ,,ii4 #aeg-agb1 #ajab2 ,jli*]1 ,e9leitung1 #dj4 ,?irty-five leaves ( ,codex ,d#b 7 /ol5 by ,john ,aymont 9 #agjg1 b aft]w>ds re/or$ by _! pur*as]s1 "s ( !m 9 #agbj1 & ! o!rs 9 #agbi4 7,see ,plates ,,ii4 & ,,iii47 ,e#c4 ,,sang]man5sis1 ( ! n9? c5tury3 also ,greek-,lat93 br\ght f ,/4 ,g]ma9 de ,prs to ,/4 ,pet]sburg dur+ ! ,revolution3 9 ! ,greek m]ely an incorrect transcript ( ,d#b1 & may !re=e be dismiss$4 ,see p4 #agi n4 #a4 ,f#b4 ,,augi5sis1 ( ! n9? c5tury3 ano!r ,greek-,lat9 manuscript3 defective 9 ,rom4 i4 #a-;iii4 #ai2 #a ,cor4 iii4 #h-af2 vi4 #g-ad2 ,col4 ii4 #a-h2 ,philemon #ba-be3 ,hebrews f ! fir/ only 9 ! ,lat94 ,! manuscript 0 =m]ly at ,rei*5au 7,augia ,dives1 h5ce its "n74 ,x 0 pur*as$ by ,b5tley 9 #agah = #bej ,dut* flor9s1 & is n[ at ,cambridge4 ,an edition ( x 0 publi%$ by ,scriv5] 9 #ahei4 ,= ,fa1 see above1 p4 #ff4 ,scriv5]1 ,an exact transcript ( ! ,codex ,augi5sis 444 to :i* is add$ a full collation ( fifty manuscripts conta9+ v>i\s portions ( ! ,greek ,n4 ,t41 #ahei4 ,f4 ,zimm]1 ,d] ,codex ,augi5sis e9e ,abs*rift des ,bo]n]ianus 7,zfw,th41 #ahhg1 i4 #gf-ia74 ,g#c4 ,,bo]n]ianus1 ( ! n9? c5tury1 s call$ f ,pr(essor ,c4 ,f4 ,bo]n] ( ,leipzig1 :o pur*as$ x 9 #agje3 n[ 9 ,dresd54 ,x is a ,greek-,lat9 manuscript1 ! ,lat9 be+ int]l9e>4 ,x is manife/ly ! second "p ( 1 & has a close aff9ity ) ,f#b1 ?\gh ! ,greek ( ,f 0 n copi$ f ,g1 z ,zimm] & ,hort ass]t4 ,! fact is r t bo? are d]iv$ f "o & ! same orig9al1 9 :i* e4g4 1 sicut canc] ut s]pat1 0 f\nd 9 #b ,tim4 ii4 #ag1 & 1 eramus autem s]vi5tes1 9 ,gal4 iv4 #c4 ,?is manuscript conta9s "s int]e/+ ,iri% v]ses4#gj ,at ! end ( ,philemon !re /&s ! title 1 ad laudic5ses1 b ! ,epi/le t %\ld h foll[$ has be5 lo/4 ,p4 ,corss51 ,epi/ul>um ,paul9>um codices graece et lat9e scriptos ,augi5sem1 ,bo]n]ianum1 ,cl>omontanum exam9avit1 int] se comp>avit1 ad communem orig9em revocavit4 ,specim5 primum1 #ahhg4 ,alt]um1 #ahhi4 ,sid5ote3 ,eu?alian ,rec5sion4 ,h#c4 ,writt5 9 ! six? c5tury1 "o ( ! mo/ valuable manuscripts1 b un=tunately incomplete4 ,its leaves 7 us$ 9 #ige & #abah to cov] "s manuscripts at ,m\nt ,a?os4 ,=ty-"o ( ^! h be5 rescu$1 ( :i* #bb are n[ 9 ,p>is1 #h at ,m\nt ,a?os1 #c 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #c 9 ,mosc[1 #b 9 ,tur91 & #c 9 ,kiev4 ,!y conta9 portions ( #a & #b ,cor9?ians1 ,galatians1 ,colossians1 #a ,!ssalonians1 #a & #b ,timo?y1 ,titus1 & ,hebrews4 ,! value ( ! manuscript is indicat$ 9 ! subscription1 :i* runs1 8,i1 ,eu?alius1#ga wrote ?is volume ( ! ,apo/le ,paul z c>efully z possible 9 /i*oi1 s t x might be read ) intellig5ce3 ! book 0 comp>$ ) ! copy 9 ! libr>y at ,cs>ea1 writt5 by ! h& ( ,pamphilus ! sa9t40#gb ,! subscription may ( c\rse h /ood 9 ! orig9al ( ,h1 & simply be5 copi$ into x along ) ! text1 z 9 ! case ( ! m9uscules #ae1 #hc1 & #agc ( ! ,acts4 ,b no matt]1 x s]ves to locate ! text ( ?is manuscript1 & x is "o ( our ma9 witnesses = ! s-call$ ,eu?alian ,rec5sion ( ! ,acts & ,ca?olic ,epi/les4 ,9 or previ\s to ! ye> #cif1 a deacon call$ ,eu?alius1 aft]w>ds kn[n z ,bi%op ( ,sulce1#gc publi%$ an edition ( ! ,acts & ,ca?olic & ,paul9e ,epi/les1 9 :i*1 foll[+ ! rules laid d[n by ! ,greek s*ools ( oratory1 ! text 0 c>efully brok5 up into l9es1 ! l5g? ( :i* dep5d$ on ! s5se 7s5se-clauses71 & divid$ into p>agraphs or *apt]s4 ,eu?alius also provid$ a sy/em ( ,*ur* lections1 add$ a summ>y ( cont5ts to ! v>i\s *apt]s1 & catalogu$ ! quotations f ! ,old ,te/am5t & else:]e 9 ! sep>ate ,epi/les & 9 ! entire gr\p4 ,?is edition became a sort ( model = lat] times1 & seems to h be5 made use ( = ! ,arm5ian v]sion among ! re/4 ,! comp>ison ( ! manuscript ) ^? ( ,pamphilus1 z well z o!r additions1 w\ld seem !n to h be5 made on ! occasion ( a lat] revision4 ,ehrh>d1 h[ev]1 ?9ks t we h ! autograph edition ( ?is sy/em 9 ,codex ,h1 b t ,evagrius is to be read in/ead ( ,eu?alius 9 ! place :]e ! "n has be5 eras$4 ,?is view is combat$ by ,dobs*tz1 & 9 "p rightly4 ,work+ indep5d5tly ( bo?1 ,conybe>e1 f ,arm5ian s\rces1 e/abli%es ! ye> #cif z ! date ( ,eu?alius4 ,b 9 a p>*m5t manuscript ( ! elev5? c5tury 9 ! libr>y ( ! ,laura at ,m\nt ,a?os1 ,wobb]m9 f\nd a fragm5t ( a dogmatic treatise ) ! inscription1 1 f :i* he makes out t ,eu?alius liv$ 9 ! second half ( ! sev5? c5tury & t ,sulce 0 9 ,s>d9ia4 ,see ,g4 ,krg] 9 ! ,lit4 ,c5t4 ,blatt #ahii1 ,no4 #ad4 ,omont1 ,notice sur un trs anci5 manuscrit grec en onciales des ptres de ,s4 ,paul1 ,p>is1 #ahhi4 ,j4 ,a4 ,rob9son1 ,eu?aliana1 ,texts & ,/udies1 iii4 #c1 #ahie4 7,see ,s4 ,b]g]1 ,bull4 ,crit41 #if1 #h47 ,?4 ,zahn1 ,eu?aliana1 ,!ol4 ,lit4 ,blatt41 #ahie1 #eic1 #fja4 ,ehrh>d1 ,d] codex ,h ad ,epi/olas ,pauli und ,eu?alius diaconus1 ,e9e palaeographis*-patrologis*e ,unt]su*ung 9 ! ,c5tralblatt fr ,biblio!kswes51 #ahia1 pp4 #che-daa4 ,e4 v4 ,dobs*tz1 ,e9 ,beitrag zur ,eu?aliusfrage1 9 ! same magaz9e1 #ahic1 pp4 #di-gj2 ,eu?alius/udi5 9 ! ,,zkg4 xix4 pp4 #ajg-aed 7#ahih73 also1 ,eu?alius1 9 ! ,,pre#c1 v4 pp4 #fca-fcc 7#ahih74 ,isl+]1 ,die ,v]di5/e des ,eu?alius um d5 neute/am5tli*5 ,bibeltext1 ,h(4 #ahfg 7,prog474 ,conybe>e1 ,on ! ,codex ,pamphili & date ( ,eu?alius1 9 ! ,cambridge ,j\rnal ( ,philology1 xxiii4 #bda 7#ahie74 ,r4 ,l4 ,b5sly1 ,! ,h>klean ,v]sion etc41 pp4 #i1 #bg 7#ahhi74 ,see also ,j4 ,a4 ,rob9son1 ,texts & ,/udies1 vi4 #a2 ,c4 ,butl]1 ,! ,lausiac ,hi/ory ( ,palladius1 p4 #ajd ff41 & note #b1 p4 #ahh bel[4 ,i#b1 ,k#b1 ,l#b1 ,p#b3 ,see above1 p4 #ge4 ,m#b4 ,,codex ,,rub]1 ( ! n9? c5tury3 f\r leaves writt5 9 bright r$ ink or o!r col\r+ matt]1 two ( !m 9 ,london & ! o!r two 9 ,hamburg4 ,n#b4 ,( ! n9? c5tury1 consi/+ ( two leaves ) portions ( ,galatians & ,hebrews3 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,o#b4 ,( ! n9? c5tury1 two leaves 9 ! same libr>y conta9+ portions ( #b ,cor9?ians4 ,ob4 ,( ! six? c5tury1 "o leaf ) "p ( ,ephesians3 9 ,mosc[4 ,q#b4 ,( ! fif? c5tury1 five papyrus leaves ) fragm5ts ( #a ,cor9?ians3 9 ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,r#b4 ,( ! sev5? c5tury1 a s+le leaf ) "p ( #b ,cor9?ians3 9 ,grottef]rata4 ,s#b4 ,see above1 p4 #ge4 ,tg4 ,a few s5t5ces f #a ,timo?y4 ,see ,ti,gr41 p4 #dda4 ,ts4 ,two leaves conta9+ #a ,cor9?ians i4 #bb-bi1 writt5 9 ! n9? or t5? c5tury1 & publi%$ simultane\sly ) ,ti-r4 ,gregory n[ designates ,tg z ,ta ,paul1 & ,ts z ,tb ,paul4 #b4 ,see above1 p4 #ge4 #ad4 ,a fragm5t ( papyrus conta9+ "p ( #a ,cor9?ians1 cc4 i41 ii41 iii41 writt5 9 ! fif? c5tury4 ,! fir/ sev5 v]ses ( ! fir/ *apt] ( ,romans h be5 publi%$ 9 ,! ,oxyrhyn*us ,papyri1 ,"p ,,ii4 7pp4 #h f41 ,plate ,,ii474 ,! fragm5t is probably a s*oolboy's ex]cise4 ,x is writt5 9 a l>ge rude uncial h&1 & dates f ! fir/ half ( ! f\r? c5tury4 ,9 v]se #g x reads 4 ,sid5ote3 ,apocalypse4 ,!re are fewe/ manuscripts ( ! ,apocalypse4 ,x is f\nd entire only 9 ,a ,b1 :ile ,c & ,p exhibit portions ( x4 ,9 ! ,apocalypse1 h[ev]1 x is to be obs]v$ t ,codex ,b is n ! fam\s ,codex ,vaticanus #abji b a mu* lat] manuscript #bjff1 dat+ f ! end ( ! eigh? c5tury4 ,x w\ld be bett]1 !re=e1 ) "s editors1 to call x ,q or ,b#b4 ,altoge!r ! numb] ( ,greek manuscripts is z foll[s#gd3-- ,,uncials3 ,gospels1 #gc ,acts & ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 #ai ,paul9e ,epi/les1 #bh ,apocalypse1 #g --- ,total1 #abg ,,cursives1 #cgjb ,sid5ote3 ,book-h& & h& ( common life4 ,9 clos+ our survey ( ! extant uncials1 x is to be borne 9 m9d t we are n at lib]ty to reg>d ev5 ! olde/ ( !m z pres5t+ ! v =m ( ! ,new ,te/am5t autographs4 ,! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 at all ev5ts ! majority ( !m1 7 n orig9ally int5d$ = publication at all1 :ile ! o!rs 7 meant = only a limit$ circle ( read]s4 ,n[ ^! rec5t papyrus discov]ies h %[n conclusively :at a va/ diff]5ce exi/$ ev5 9 ^? days betwe5 ! book-h& & :at we may call ! h& ( common life & bus9ess4 ,a glance at ,k5yon's ,palography ( ,greek ,papyri w %[ h[ fundam5tal is ! di/9ction betwe5 lit]>y & non-lit]>y papyri4 ,t writ] /ates t 9 _m cases ! diff]5ce is j z m>k$ z betwe5 h&writ+ & pr9t at ! pres5t day1 & he in/ances also ! di/9ction betwe5 ! book-h& & ! *>t]-h& ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,( c\rse docum5ts ( ?is or ! o!r class may occasionally be f\nd writt5 9 ! h& t is n ! usual "o1 a prescription1 e4g41 9 book-h&1 or conv]sely a lit]>y text 9 ! h& ( common life4 ,! great] "p ( ,ari/otle's "w on ! ,polity ( ! ,a!nians1 = in/ance1 has be5 pres]v$ 9 ! common h&4 ,?is papyrus1 :i* is attribut$ to ! fir/ c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era1 is ! "w ( f\r scribes4 ,b only "o ( ^! writes 9 a /yle approximat+ to ! book-h&2 ! o!r p>ts are writt5 9 a v cursive /yle on ! back ( an old acc\nt1 probably by "o :o _h borr[$ a copy ( ! "w = a %ort "t & transcrib$ x ) ! help ( two or ?ree fri5ds or slaves4 ,k5yon q prop]ly in/ances ?is z an illu/ration ( ! mann] ( ! orig9 & propagation ( ! ,new ,te/am5t books1 & sugge/s t ?is mode ( propagation has to be consid]$ 9 connection ) times ( p]secution4 ,our v olde/ manuscripts are sup]b codices1 editions de luxe1 su* z c\ld be prep>$ only 9 an age :5 ! ,*ur* _h atta9$ a position ( afflu5ce & p[]4 ,! di/9ction ref]r$ to above is "o t has _h b little att5tion paid to x hi!rto1 z is %[n by ! illu/ration giv5 9 ,h>ris's excell5t "w on ! ,new ,te/am5t autographs4 ,x is manife/ at ! same "t t ?is consid]ation is ( great importance 9 try+ to und]/& ! orig9 & dissem9ation ( ! v>i\s read+s t occur 9 our manuscripts4 ,x is j a pity t ,k5yon has n giv5 a sample ( ?is manuscript ( ,ari/otle 9 8 book1 see+ t ! latt] is m accessible to ! ord9>y /ud5t ?an ! complete facsimile edit$ 9 #ahia by ! ,tru/ees ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 or ! ,plate publi%$ 9 ! second volume ( ! "w ( ! ,palographical ,society4 ,sid5ote3 ,uncial & m9uscule script4 ,a fur!r consid]ation is emphasis$ by means ( ^! papyrus discov]ies--viz4 t no di/9ction ( "t c be drawn betwe5 ! uncial & cursive h&s f\nd 9 ! manuscripts4 ,ev5 9 ! v e>lie/ docum5ts ! h& ( common life displays a v cursive "*1 & a fairly cursive uncial h& ) ligatures is n necess>ily lat] ?an an uncial h& )\t ligatures4 ,x is some:at diff]5t 9 ! case ( writ+ on p>*m5t3 "h ! old di/9ction ( uncial & m9uscule manuscripts is rightly ma9ta9$1 only we mu/ gu>d aga9/ suppos+ t ! m9uscule h& & ! cursive are q ! same ?+2 nor mu/ we =get t = a consid]able "t ! old] uncial & ! lat] m9uscule scripts 7 9 use toge!r4#ge ,! %>p l9e ( dem>cation1 !re=e1 :i* has hi!rto be5 drawn 9 ! textual criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t betwe5 ^! two classes ( manuscripts has no real ju/ification 9 fact4 ,! pres5t acc\nt1 h[ev]1 is int5d$ m]ely z a survey ( ! position ( ?+s up to ! pres5t1 & ! foll[+ description ( ! m9uscules is subject to t limitation4 7b47 ,,"s ,,( ,,! ,,m ,,important ,,m9uscules4 ,sid5ote3 ,m9uscules4 ,:5 ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t began to be pr9t$1 ! editors _h necess>ily to be cont5t ) indiff]5t & late m9uscules1 & ev5 ^? :o foll[$ !m1 l ,b5tley & ,la*mann1 ?\ght !y 7 at lib]ty to disreg>d ^! altoge!r & to f\nd _! text exclusively on ! olde/ uncials4 ,!y =got t ! text ( a late manuscript may be d]iv$ f a v e>ly & good s\rce ?r\gh comp>atively few int]m$i>ies1 & t x is possible to recon/ruct a lo/ orig9al by means ( a comp>ison ( sev]al witnesses4 ,accord+ly1 9 m rec5t times1 ,engli% editors l ,tregelles1 ,burgon1 ,f]r>1 ,hoski]1 & ,scriv5] h r5d]$ great s]vice 9 ! way ( collat+ manuscripts1 & ! la/-m5tion$ z well z ,gregory 9 ,g]many has also catalogu$ !m4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t a sy/ematic inve/igation 9 ?is dep>tm5t is be+ c>ri$ on 9 ,b]l94 ,mo/ ( ! m9uscules are /ill writt5 on p>*m5t :i* began to be mix$ ) pap] 9 ! n9? c5tury1 & 0 ultimately sup]s$$ by x4 ,v>i\s m9uscules conta9 comm5t>ies & o!r additional matt]1 su* z ! ,li/ ( ! ,sev5ty ,apo/les1 %ort ,biographies ( ! ,apo/les1 ,summ>ies ( ! j\rneys ( ,/4 ,paul1 or notes z to ! date & place ( ! composition ( ! diff]5t books4 ,:5 dates are giv5 9 ! manuscripts1 !y are /ill z a rule comput$ 9 ! ,byzant9e mann]1 reckon+ f ! ,creation ( ! _w 7#eejh ,b4,c474 ,9 only a few cursives is ! date reckon$ f ! ,bir? ( ,*ri/4 ,s9ce ! "t ( ,wett/e9 ! m9uscule manuscripts h be5 indicat$ by ,arabic num]als1 ! numb]s 9 ea* ( ! f\r gr\ps beg9n+ ) #a1 s t "o & ! same manuscript may h ?ree or f\r numb]s--#ah;evv4 e4g4 be+ #aac;,acts1 #acb,paul1 & #ea;,apoc41 :ile #bji;evv is ! same z #ie;,acts1 #ajh,paul1 & #df;,apoc4 ,x is /ill m awkw>d t 9 ! two pr9cipal works on ! m9uscules1 t ( ,scriv5] & ( ,gregory1 ! rec5tly discov]$ manuscripts are numb]$ diff]5tly4 ,our enum]ation w foll[ t ( ,scriv5]4 ,,m9uscules ,,( ,,! ,,gospels4 #a 7,acts #a1 ,paul #a74 ,( ! t5? c5tury1 b accord+ to o!rs ( ! twelf? or ! ?irte5?1 9 ,basel1 ) beautiful m9iatures :i* 7 /ol5 prior to #ahfj4 ,! manuscript 0 borr[$ by ,reu*l9 & us$ by ,erasmus = 8 second edition4 7,scriv5]1 i4 #acg1 ,plate ,,ix4 #bc47 #b4 ,( ! twelf? c5tury1 ?\gh "s /rangely suppose ! fifte5?3 also 9 ,basel3 =m]ly pur*as$ = two ,rh5i% flor9s3 pr9t$ by ,erasmus4 #c4 ,( ! twelf? c5tury1 9 ,vi5na1 l5t to ,erasmus = 8 second edition4 ,sid5ote3 ,f]r> ,gr\p4 #d-da are all 9 ! ,national ,libr>y at ,p>is4 #d-i & #ch 7 us$ by ,/eph54 ,! mo/ notable among !m is #ac1 toge!r ) #fi1 #abd1 #baa1 #cdf1 #cdh1 #eef1 #efa 7#ghh71 #fbd1 & #fbf1 :i* are rem>kable = _! v peculi> =m ( text & _! additions4#gf ,luke xxii4 #dc1 #dd is f\nd aft] ,mat!w xxvi4 #ci1 & ,john vii4 #ec--viii4 #aa aft] ,luke xxi4 #ch4 ,! subscriptions1 moreov]1 /ate t ,mat!w 0 writt5 9 ,hebrew eight ye>s aft] our ,"l's ,asc5sion1 & conta9$ #bebb & #befj /i*oi1 ,m>k t5 ye>s aft] ! ,asc5sion ) #afge & #afjd /i*oi1 ,luke fifte5 ye>s aft] ) #chjc 7lege #cjhc7 & #bgej /i*oi1 & ,john ?irty-two ye>s aft] ) #aich 4 ,^! manuscripts 7 ref]r$ to a common ar*etype by ! ,iri% s*ol> ,f]r>1 & 7 accord+ly d5om9at$ ! ,f]r> ,gr\p1 & indicat$ by ! lett] be=e t symbol 0 appropriat$ to ! ,codex ,b]at9us4 ,mo/ ( !m came f ,calabria1 & ano!r has lately be5 add$ to ! numb]4 ,_! additions1 h[ev]1 z ,r5del ,h>ris %[s1 are r ( ,syrian orig94 ,9 ! fir/ edition ,i v5tur$ to sugge/ t ^! manuscripts might g back to ,lucian ! ,m>tyr 7d4 #cab7 ( :om ,j]ome makes m5tion1 say+ t he knew ( codices quos a ,luciano 7et ,hesy*io7 nuncupatos paucorum hom9um ads]it p]v]sa cont5tio1 quibus 444 nec 9 novo te/am5to pr(uit em5dasse1 cum mult>um g5tium l+uis scriptura ante translata doceat falsa esse quae addita 7cod4 ,e edita7 sunt4 ,t1 h[ev]1 is n possible 9 ! ev5t ( ! s-call$ ,syrian rec5sion be+ ! "w ( ,lucian1 :i* ,hort indicates z possible4 ,9 any case1 ^! m9uscules h pres]v$ to u a v e>ly attempt to re/ore ! text4 #af is notewor?y z be+ writt5 9 f\r diff]5t col\rs accord+ to ! cont5ts4 ,! cont9u\s n>rative is writt5 9 gre51 ! words ( ,jesus & ! ,angels are 9 r$ & occasionally 9 gold1 ! words ( ,8 foll[]s are 9 blue1 :ile ^? ( ! ,ph>isees1 ! multitude1 & ( ! devil1 are writt5 9 black4 #bh4 ,conta9s relics ( a v anci5t text & be>s "s resemblance to ,d4 #cc4 ,writt5 ab\t ! t5? c5tury3 ! 8que5 ( ! cursives03 its text be>s a great] resemblance to t ( ,b1 ,d1 ,l ?an does t ( any o!r cursive4 ,! manuscript is mu* damag$1 b #cd1 :i* is equally old1 is /ill 9 spl5did condition1 z ?\gh x 7 fre% f ! h& ( ! arti/4 7,scriv5]1 i4 #cdc1 ,plate ,,xiii4 #ci47 #ch4 ,s5t by ! ,emp]or ,mi*ael ,palologus to ,/4 ,l\is 7d4 #abgj74 #ea4 ,at ,ox=d3 text resembles t ( ! ,complut5sian4 #ei4 ,at ,cambridge3 has _m po9ts ( connection ) ,d4 #fa4 ,( ! f\rte5? or fifte5? c5tury4 ,?is is ! notori\s ,codex ,mont=tianus1 n[ 9 ,dubl91 :i* d]ives its "n f "o ( its lat] possessors4 ,x 0 ?is manuscript1 8codex apud ,anglos rep]tus10 t decid$ ,erasmus to ins]t 9 8 ?ird edition ( #aebb ! passage ( ! ,?ree ,heav5ly ,witnesses1 #a ,john v4 #g1 #h4 ,x 0 probably writt5 by a ,franciscan monk ( ! "n ( ,froy or ,roy4 ,its tw9 bro!r1 ! p>*m5t codex ,ravianus 7,rau71 =m]ly numb]$ #aaj1 & n[ 9 ,b]l91 :i* also conta9s ! passage1 proves to be no?+ m ?an a transcript ( ! text ( ! ,complut5sian4 ,manuscripts1 x may be obs]v$1 cont9u$ to be prep>$ long aft] ! inv5tion ( pr9t+4 ,melan*?on1 e4g41 wrote out ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans ?ree times 9 ,greek2 & ! manuscript 9 ! ,zuri* ,libr>y hi!rto cit$ z #ef,paul is no?+ else ?an a copy ( ,erasmus's pr9t$ edition ( #aeaf made by ,zw+li 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 #fi4 ,cf4 #ac above1 & see ,j4 ,r4 ,h>ris1 ,orig9 ( ! ,leice/] ,codex ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 #ahhg4 7,scriv5]1 i4 #cdc1 ,plate ,,xiii4 #dj47 #gg & #gh4 ,=m]ly 9 ! f9e libr>y ( ,mat?ias ,corv9us1 ,k+ ( ,hung>y 7d4 #adij74 #ij4 ,9 ?is manuscript ! ,gospels are 9 ! ord] ,john1 ,luke1 ,mat!w1 ,m>k4 #ajf4 ,w\ld be important1 b has be5 lo/ sight ( s9ce ! "t ( ,wett/e94 #adj4 ,pres5t$ to ,pope ,innoc5t ,,vii4 by ! ,que5 ( ,cyprus4 ,?is manuscript reads 9 ,luke i4 #fd1 !re9 agree+ ) ! ,complut5sian4 #adf-aec4 ,9 ,rome1 came f ,heidelb]g4 #aed-aef4 ,once ! prop]ty ( ,*ri/9a1 ,que5 ( ,sw$54 #aeg4 ,9 ,rome3 its text is said to be> a consid]able resemblance to ! quotations f\nd 9 ! e>ly ,*ri/ian writ] ,m>cion4 ,see bel[1 p4 #baa4 #afd4 ,! subscription ( ?is manuscript /ates t x 0 comp>$ ) c]ta9 anci5t manuscripts 9 ,j]usalem4 #bje-bae & #bag are 9 ,v5ice1 be+ "p ( ! donation ( ,c>d9al ,bess>ion4 #bji conta9s ! :ole ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & 0 ! ,c>d9al's own copy :i* he _h ) him at ! ,c\ncil ( ,flor5ce 9 #adci4 #bah-bbe are 9 ,vi5na4 #bbf-bcc are 9 ! ,escorial4 #bcg-bei are at ,mosc[1 ) ! exception ( f\r at ,dresd54 #bfc-cbj are 9 ,p>is1 ) ! exception ( #bgb1 :i* 0 remov$ !nce to ! ,briti% ,museum4 #bgd exhibits ! %ort] conclusion ( ,m>k's ,gospel 9 ! l[] m>g94 7,see ,plate ,x47 #dje-dah are n[ 9 ,v5ice1 &1 l ,u1 once belong$ to ! ,nani family4 #dbb-dcj4 ,9 ,muni*4 #dca4 ,?is manuscript is sometimes /at$ to h p]i%$ at ,/rassburg1 9 ! w> ( #ahgj1 l #ahj;,acts4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is incorrect4 #deb4 ,9 ,p>ma1 "o ( ! mo/ sup]b codices4 #dgc4 ,( ! n9? & t5? c5turies1 a purple manuscript ) gold lett]+1 said to h be5 writt5 by ! ,empress ,!odora4 ,see "u ,n4 above1 & note1 p4 #aea4 #dha1 dat$ #g? ,may #hce1 is ! e>lie/ manuscript ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t be>+ an exact date4 #eca4 ,writt5 9 a microscopic h&4 #fjd4 ,writt5 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 exhibits #bgbd v>iations f ! ,textus ,receptus1 & has besides #bgj read+s peculi> to itself4 ,x is ! only witness we "k t supports t peculi> =m ( ! second petition ( ! ,"l's ,pray] f\nd 9 ,m>cion 9 ! second c5tury1 & 9 ,gregory ( ,nyssa 9 ! f\r?1 ' 7,luke xi4 #b74gg #gdc has ! d\ble conclusion 9 ,m>k4 #ajga4 ,see "u ,d1 p4 #ff4 ,9 8 ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,m>k1 ,swete cites frequ5tly1 9 addition to ^? j m5tion$ & ^? ( ! ,f]r> ,gr\p1 #a1 #bh1 #cc1 #ff1 #aji1 #aah1 #aca1 #aeg1 #bji1 #bch1 #bdb1 #bii1 #dce1 #dgc1 #dge1 #eef1 #egj1 #gcf4 ,,acts4 #b & #d4 ,us$ by ,erasmus4 #g-aj4 ,us$ by ,/eph54 #ae1 #hc1 #agc4 ,^!1 l 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t & ,h#c1 7 comp>$ ) ! ,codex ( ,pamphilus--i4e4 7 fai?fully copi$ f su* an exempl>4 #cc4 ,! p>5t manuscript ( ,mont=tianus4 ,see above1 p4 #hf4 #db4 ,closely relat$ to ! ,complut5sian4 #eb4 ,once 9 ! possession ( ,/unica1 ! *ief editor ( ! ,complut5sian4 ,x has n[ disappe>$4 #fa has be5 designat$ ! mo/ important m9uscule ( ! ,acts4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is an exagg]ation4 #acg supplem5ts ,d ,e :]e ^! are defective4 #aeh4 ,us$ by ,c>d9al ,mai to supply ! defects ( ,codex ,b 9 ! ,paul9e ,epi/les4 #afb4 ,( ! f\rte5? or fifte5? c5tury1 n[ 9 ,rome3 a bil+ual 9 ,lat9 & ,greek3 conta9s ! passage #a ,john v4 #g4 #ahb4 ,numb]$ #aaj by ,hort1 :o calls x "o ( ! be/ ( ! cursives4 #bbj4 ,"o ( ! f9e/ manuscripts ( ! latt] "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 #bcb4 ,an equally sup]b copy1 on :i* a monk call$ ,&reas be/[$ ?ree ye>s' lab\r4 #bdf4 ,writt5 9 gold lett]s = ,*>lotte1 ,que5 ( ,cyprus 7d4 #adhg74 #dai4 ,writt5 9 #hjj by ! ,empress ,m>ia1 aft] be+ divorc$ by ,con/ant9e ,,vi4 ,,paul9e ,,epi/les4 #g4 ,us$ by ,erasmus4 #ef & #ff are q wor?less1 be+ simply copies ( ,erasmus's pr9t$ text4 7,see above "u #fa;evv74 #fg4 ,a valuable manuscript on acc\nt ( its corrector hav+ evid5tly made use ( an exempl> ) a text v closely ak9 to t ( ,b ,m4 #hj be>s a close resemblance to #fi;evv4 ,,apocalypse4 #a4 ,?is 0 ! only manuscript at ,erasmus's comm& = ?is "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x is defective 9 ! la/ *apt] f v]se #af to ! end4 ,= ! re/ x exhibits a fairly good text4 7,see p4 #c f47 #cf4 ,a text ak9 to 4 #ch has a text resembl+ t ( ,a ,c4 #fh4 ,resembles ,a4 #ie does s /ill m4 ,?is la/ has ! reputation ( be+ "o ( ! be/ m9uscules ( ! ,apocalypse4 ,! numb] ( m9uscules "u ea* class is1 accord+ to ,scriv5] 7,mill]71 z foll[s3-- ,gospels1 #acbf ,acts & ,ca?olic #dbb ,epi/les1 ,paul9e ,epi/les1 #dig ,apocalypse1 #ahd ---- #bdbi ,a great _m ,new ,te/am5t manuscripts are 9 ,engl&4 ,"s are 9 ! possession ( private individuals1 l ^? at ,p>ham ,p>k 9 ,sussex belong+ to ,"l de la ,z\*e4 ,9 #ahgj-gb ! ,b>oness ,burdett ,c\tts br\ght ) h] f ,jan9a 9 ,epirus ov] "o hundr$ manuscripts1 ( :i* sixte5 7 ( ! ,gospels1 "o ( !m belong+ to ! ,f]r> ,gr\p1 & z _m 7 ,evangeli>ia4 ,!re are #acf manuscripts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,! numb] 9 ,great #dch ,brita9 is ,9 ! ,national #bih ,libr>y ( ,p>is1 ,9 ,g]many1 #adj ,9 ,italy1 #fdd ,= ! total numb] ( ,greek manuscripts arrang$ accord+ to c\ntries1 see ,scriv5]1 i41 ,indices ,i41 ,,ii41 pp4 #cib ff4 ,:at a va/ numb] ( manuscripts are /ill wait+ to be exam9$ is %[n by ! acc\nt giv5 by ,dr4 von d] ,goltz4 ,accompani$ by ,dr4 ,g4 ,wobb]m91 he made a j\rney to ,a?os 9 ! w9t] ( #ahig-ih1 & !re 9 t anci5t ,mona/]y1 ! ,laura ( ,/4 ,a?anasius1 he f\nd1 among ab\t #ahjj manuscripts altoge!r1 includ+ ,lection>ies1 "s #bej codices ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ( :i* only a v few h be5 not$ by ,gregory4 ,& ^! manuscripts may be ( ! v utmo/ importance1 z witness ! fur!r /atem5t ( ! same explor]4 ,he 0 look+ ?r\gh ! manuscripts ( ! ,apo/olos1 to :i* he & 8 companion _h to give mo/ ( _! att5tion1 :5 8 eye fell on "o writt5 9 ! t5? or elev5? c5tury1 conta9+ ! foll[+ note be=e ! ,paul9e ,epi/les3 1 444 1 1 4 ,& f ! subscription at ! end ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les we le>n t ! manuscript1 or1 z von d] ,goltz believes1 ! exempl> f :i* x 0 copi$1 0 writt5 by a monk call$ ,ephraim4 ,see fur!r 9 von d] ,goltz1 ,e9e textkritis*e ,arbeit des zehnt5 bezw4 se*/5 ,jahrhund]ts h]ausgegeb5 na* e9em ,kodex des ,a?osklo/]s ,lawra4 ,mit e9] ,doppeltafel 9 ,li*tdruck4 ,leipzig1 #ahii4 7,texte und ,unt]su*ung51 ,neue ,folge1 ii4 #d72 & comp>e bel[1 p4 #aij4 ,,lit]ature4--,on #b;evv1 see ,hoski]1 above1 p4 #e4 ,on #ac1 see ,w4 ,h4 ,f]r>1 ,collation ( f\r important ,manuscripts ( ! ,gospels1 edit$ by ,t4 ,k4 ,abbott1 ,dubl91 #ahgg4 ,j4 ,p4 ,p4 ,m>t91 ,quatre manuscrits du ,n4 ,t41 auxquels on peut aj\t] un c9quime1 ,ami5s1 #ahhf4 ,j4 ,r4 ,h>ris1 ,on ! ,orig9 ( ! ,f]r> ,gr\p1 ,london1 #ahid4 ,k4 ,lake1 8,"s new memb]s ( ! ,f]r> ,gr\p ( ,,mss4 ( ! ,gospels10 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 ,i4 i4 pp4 #aag-abj4 ,! well-kn[n manuscript ( ! pre-,lu!ran ,g]man ,bible1 ! ,codex ,tepl5sis1 has ! words f ,john viii4 #b1 89 ! morn+ he came aga9 into ! temple10 aft] ,luke xxi4 #ch1 an arrangem5t simil> to t :i* is *>act]i/ic ( ! ,f]r> ,gr\p1 9 :i* ,john vii4 #ec-viii4 #aa is f\nd aft] ,luke xxi4 #ch4 ,see ,s4 ,b]g]1 ,bull4 ,crit41 #ahid1 p4 #cij4 ,see ,add5da1 p4 xv4 ,on #efa1 ,codex ,alg]9ae ,peckov]1 see ,j4 ,r4 ,h>ris 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ! ,exegetical ,society1 #ahhf1 #gi-if4 ,on #hib;evv1 see ,h>ris1 8,an ,important ,manuscript ( ! ,n4 ,t40 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,biblical ,lit]ature1 ix41 #ahij1 #ca ff4 ,on ,m9uscules ( ! ,apocalypse1 see ,b\sset1 ,textkritis*e ,/udi5 9 ,t4 und ,u41 xi4 #d4 ,c4 ,r4 ,gregory1 8,die ,kle9h&s*rift5 des ,n4 ,te/am5ts0 7,!ologis*e ,/udi5 fr ,b4 ,weiss41 ,gtt+51 #ahig1 #bgd-bhc74 ,e4 ,j4 ,goodspe$1 8,a ,twelf? ,c5tury ,gospel ,manuscript0 7,biblical ,_w1 x4 #d74 7c47 ,,lection>ies4 ,sid5ote3 ,lection>ies4 ,till q rec5tly ! ,lection>ies1 or ,books ( ,*ur* ,p]icopae1 7 ev5 m neglect$ ?an ! m9uscules4 ,& yet !y are reliable witnesses to ! text ( ! ,bible 9 ! prov9ces to :i* !y belong1 on acc\nt ( _! (ficial "* & because _! locality c be readily di/+ui%$4 ,! slight alt]ations ( ! text occurr+ at ! beg9n+ ( ! p]icopae1 & consi/+ usually 9 ! ins]tion ( ! subject ( ! s5t5ce or ( an introductory clause1 are easily recognisable z su*1 & deceive no "o4 ,x is n always easy to det]m9e ! date ( su* books1 because ! uncial h& 0 employ$ 9 ?is sort ( manuscript mu* long] ?an 9 ! o!rs4 ,among ! olde/1 p]haps1 is #ace1 a palimpse/ 7( :i* !re is a consid]able numb] among ! ,lection>ies71 assign$ by ,tis*5dorf to ! sev5? c5tury1 & #ifh1 writt5 on papyrus & ascrib$ to ! six? c5tury1 :i* 0 f\nd 9 ,egypt 9 ! ye> #ahij4 ,:5 ^! ,lection>ies orig9at$ has n yet be5 cle>ly made out4#gh ,up till ! pres5t #ihj ,evangeli>ia--i4e4 ,lessons f ! ,gospels--h be5 catalogu$1 & #bfh ,apo/oli or ,praxapo/oli--i4e4 ,lessons f ! ,acts & ,epi/les4 ,"s ( !m are magnific5tly execut$2 "s1 alas1 h be5 sadly mutilat$4 #aag1 9 ,flor5ce1 is a v beautiful codex2 & #afb1 9 ,si5a1 is p]haps 8"o ( ! mo/ spl5did ,s]vice-books 9 ! _w40 #bce may h be5 writt5 9 "p by ! ,emp]or ,alexius ,comn5us 7#ajha-aaah74 #bhf is ! ,gold5 ,evangeli>ium on ,m\nt ,s9ai1 dat+ f ! n9? to ! elev5? c5tury1 ?\gh ! tradition ( ! monks says t x 0 writt5 by no less a p]sonage ?an ! ,emp]or ,!odosius 7d4 #cie74 ,tis*5dorf's #ceb-cfj are n[ 9 ! ,national ,libr>y at ,p>is4 #cee is pr9t$ 9 ,omont's ,catalogue 7see above1 p4 #ga74 #de;evl is a fragm5t ( black p>*m5t inscrib$ ) gold lett]s pres]v$ at ,vi5na4#gi #dj is kept 9 ! ,escorial along ) ! reliques ( ,/4 ,*ryso/om1 & reg>d$ z 8 autograph4#hj ,bil+ual ,lection>ies are also f\nd1 9 ,greek & ,arabic = example4 ,! arrangem5t ( ^! ,s]vice-books v>ies ) ! "t & region 9 :i* !y 7 compos$4 ,sev]al fragm5ts :i* 7 =m]ly reg>d$ z p>ts ( manuscripts ( ! ,gospels %\ld p]haps be class$ among ! ,evangeli>ia--e4g4 ! solit>y leaf ( a ,bible manuscript ,wrttemb]g is kn[n to possess1 & ! ,tb+5 ,fragm5t1 =m]ly class$ among ! uncials z ,r ( ! ,gospels1 b n[ enum]at$ z #dha;evl4 ,an important ,syriac ,lection>y w fall to be consid]$ "u ! head ( ! ,v]sions4 ,= fur!r details1 ref]5ce mu/ be made to ,scriv5]1 to ,ti,gr41 & n[ especially to ,gregory1 ,textkritik1 i4 pp4 #cbg-dgh4 #b4 ,,v]sions4 ,sid5ote3 ,v]sions4 ,our second s\rce ( mat]ial = ! recon/ruction ( ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is ! e>ly ,v]sions4 ,! value ( _! te/imony dep5ds on _! age & fidelity4 ,:5 did ! fir/ v]sions orig9ate8 ,?is "q rem9ds u ( ! ,inscription on ! ,cross1 a portion ( :i* is /ill exhibit$ 9 ,rome4 ,x 0 writt5 9 ,hebrew1 ,greek1 & ,lat94 ,b we may get fur!r back /ill4 ,pale/9e at ! "t ( ,*ri/ 0 a c\ntry :]e ! mo/ div]se languages & dialects came into contact ) ea* o!r4 ,9 ! la/ c5tury ,b4,c4 a trans=mation _h occurr$1 :i* might be reg>d$ z a c\nt]p>t to ! supplant+ ( ,norman ,fr5* by ,engli%1 or ( ,l[ by ,high ,g]man4 ,aramaic _h already tak5 ! place ( ! old ,hebrew1 & aft] ! "t ( ,alex&] came ! intrusion ( ,greek1 & lat] /ill ( ,lat94 ,"s ( ! disciples ( ,jesus bore old ,hebrew names1 l ,james 77 & ,john 772 o!rs _h names :olly or p>tly ,aramaic1 z ,cephas 7 ,pet]71 ! cognom5 ( ,simon1 & ,b>?olomew2 :ile o!rs1 aga91 _h ,greek names1 z ,philip 77 & ,&rew 774 ,to ! "q :at language ,jesus ,himself spoke1 ! mo/ probable answ] is t x 0 ,aramaic ) a ,galilean col\r+4 8,?\ art a ,galilean1 ?y spee* bewraye? !e10 said ! ,j]usalem girl to ,pet]4 ,! ,galileans1 l ! ,babylonians & ! ,sam>itans1 7 recognisable by _! n di/+ui%+ ! gutturals s %>ply z ! pure ,jews did4 ,at ! same "t1 ,jesus c]ta9ly und]/ood ! ,hebrew ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,b ^? words ( ,8 t h be5 pres]v$ are ,aramaic--tali?a1 abba1 & s is sabaqtani 9 ,mat!w xxvii4 #df1 & ,m>k xv4 #cd1 if t is ! orig9al =m ( ! text1 & n asab?ani1 z a numb] ( manuscripts %[4 ,9 :at language1 h[ev]1 ! fir/ record ( ! prea*+ ( ! ,gospel 0 made1 :e!r x 0 9 ! classic ,hebrew ( ! ,old ,te/am5t or 9 ! ,aramaic ( ! "t1 is /ill subject ( dispute4#ha ,b z ?is "q is ( mom5t only = ! orig9al s\rces1 & ev5 !n = only a c]ta9 "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t--viz4 ! ,gospels--x does n fall to be consid]$ "h4 ,we h to d only ) ^? v]sions t are d]iv$ f ! ,greek1 & aga9 ) ^? ( !m only t are important = ! criticism ( ! text1 :i* are ! olde/4 ,! v]sions :i* are ( consequ5ce "h may be plac$ "u ?ree or f\r heads4 ,sid5ote3 ,ea/4 ,9 ! ,ea/1 ,antio*1 ) its semi-,greek1 semi-,syrian population1 v e>ly became ! c5tre ( ! new fai?1 :i*1 inde$1 obta9$ its "n !re1 & mu/ v soon h e/abli%$ itself 9 ,damascus & ,mesopotamia4 ,9 t region ! =m ( ,aramaic n[ commonly kn[n z ,syriac 0 spok54 ,sid5ote3 ,we/1 ,s\?4 ,9 ! ,we/1 ,greek 0 mo/ly spok5 & und]/ood1 ev5 9 ,rome4 ,paul consequ5tly1 & o!rs z well z he1 wrote to ,rome 9 ,greek4 ,at ! same "t1 ! ne$ mu/ h exi/$1 ev5 9 ! second c5tury1 ( hav+ ! ,gospel 9 ! ,lat9 language 9 p>ts ( ,africa1 9 ! nor? ( ,italy1 & 9 ! ,s\? ( ,gaul4 ,q z e>ly1 p]haps1 ! new fai? spread to ,egypt1 :i* at t "t 0 a k9d ( c5tre ( religi\s culture1 & s we f9d 9 ,egypt n "o b sev]al v]sions 9 v>i\s dialects4 ,! ,go?ic v]sion ( ,ulfilas des]ves special m5tion z be+ ! olde/ monum5t ( ,*ri/ianity among ! ,g]manic p1 & valuable too 9 ! criticism ( ! text4 ,l4 ,j4 ,m4 ,bebb1 ,evid5ce ( ! ,e>ly ,v]sions & ,patri/ic ,quotations1 etc41 9 ,/udia ,biblica1 ii41 ,ox=d1 #ahij4 ,lag>de1 ,de ,novo ,te/am5to ad ,v]sionum ,ori5talium fidem ed5do4 ,b]l9 7#aheg72 ) slight alt]ations 9 8 ,ges4 ,abh&lung51 #ahhf1 pp4 #hd-aai4 ,repr9t$ #ahif4 ,urtext 7see p4 #g74 ,cop+] 7see p4 #f74 ,an e>li] bibliographical "w is ! ,biblio!ca ,sacra po/ 444 ,jacobi ,le ,long et ,c4 ,f4 ,bo]n]i it]atas curas ord9e disposita1 em5data1 suppleta1 cont9uata ab ,a4 ,g4 ,mas*4 ,halle1 #aggh-ij1 #dto4 ,p>s ,i41 ,de editionibus textus orig9alis4 ,p>s ,,ii41 ,de v]sionibus librorum sacrorum 7#c ,vols474 ,r4 ,simon1 ,hi/oire critique des v]sions du ,n4 ,t41 #afij4 ,n\velles obs]vations sur le texte et les v]sions du ,n4 ,t41 #afie4 7a47 ,,syriac ,,v]sions4 ,sid5ote3 ,pe%itto4 ,! ,bible us$ 9 ! ,syrian ,*ur* has long & des]v$ly borne ! hon\rable appellation ( 8! ,que5 ( ! ,v]sions40 ,x 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 #aeee at ! exp5se ( ! ,emp]or ,f]d9& ,i4 by ,j4 ,alb]t ,widman/adt ) ! assi/ance ( a ,syrian ,jacobite call$ ,moses1 :o came f ,m>d9 z legate to ,pope ,julius ,,iii4 ,! type = ?is edition 0 beautifully cut by ,casp> ,kraft ( ,ellwang54 ,all ! bran*es into :i* ! ,syrian *ur* 0 divid$ 9 ! fif? c5tury h us$ ! same translation ( ! ,scriptures4 ,to ?is day ! ,syriac ,new ,te/am5t wants ! five s-call$ ,antilegom5a--viz4 #b ,pet]1 #b & #c ,john1 ,jude1 & ! ,apocalypse--a suffici5t pro( t x goes back to a "t & a region 9 :i* ^! books 7 n yet reckon$ 9 ! ,canon ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,9 place ( ^! x conta9$ 9 e>ly times an alleg$ ,?ird ,epi/le ( ,paul to ! ,cor9?ians1 & an ,epi/le ( ! ,cor9?ians to ,paul 7cf4 bel[1 p4 #adb74 ,to di/+ui% x f o!r ,syriac translations1 ?is ,v]sion has be5 call$ by ,syriac s*ol>s1 s9ce ! t5? c5tury1 ! ,pe%ito--i4e4 ! 8,simple0 or p]haps ! 8,common10 :i* is sometimes pron\nc$ ,pe%it 77 & spelt simply ,pe%itto4 ,:5 & :]e 0 ?is translation made8 ,an anci5t ,syrian tradition ass]ts t x 0 done by ! ,apo/le ,?addaeus1 :o came on a mission to ,abg> ,u*ama--i4e4 ,abg> ! ,black--,k+ ( ,edessa1 aft] ! dea? ( ,jesus1 :i* mission1 !y say1 arose out ( a correspond5ce t ,abg> _h previ\sly _h ) ,jesus4 ,ano!r tradition ascribes x to ,aggaeus 7,aggai71 ! disciple ( ,?addaeus1 & x is ev5 attribut$ to ,m>k ! ,evangeli/4 ,x is also said t ,luke 0 by bir? a ,syrian ( ,antio*1 a tradition :i* may pres]ve an elem5t ( tru?4 ,! e>lie/ notice ( a ,syriac ,gospel is f\nd 9 ,eusebius's ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory1 iv4 #bb4 ,t hi/orian m5tions t ,hegesippus 7c4 #afj-ahj7 quotes c]ta9 ?+s f ! ,gospel ( ! ,hebrews--i4e4 ( ! ,pale/9ian 787 ,jewi% ,*ri/ians1 & f ! ,syriac 7sc4 ,gospel71 & p>ticul>ly f ! ,hebrew dialect1 %[+ t he himself 0 a conv]t f ! ,hebrews 7 ' 1 74 ,?is c h>dly be und]/ood o!rwise ?an z imply+ t a ,syriac v]sion 0 already 9 exi/5ce4 ,:e!r x conta9$ all ! f\r ,gospels or only "o ( !m1 or ,tatian's ,h>mony ( ! ,gospels1 z ,mi*aelis suppos$ & z ,zahn has rec5tly %[n "s gr\nd = believ+1 or :e!r x conta9$ a primitive ,gospel1 n[ p]i%$1 _c be e/abli%$ ) c]ta9ty4 ,f ! middle ( ! pres5t c5tury manuscripts ( ?is v]sion h f\nd _! way into ,european libr>ies 9 great numb]s4 ,"s ( ^! are ine/imable4 ,at lea/ t5 date f ! fif?1 & ?irty f ! six? c5tury4 ,?is is some:at rem>kable :5 we rememb] h[ small a remnant ( ! ,greek manuscripts has be5 pres]v$4 ,g4 ,h4 ,gwilliam is at pres5t engag$ on an edition ( ! ,syriac ,tetraevangelium = ! ,univ]sity ( ,ox=d on ! basis ( =ty manuscripts4 ,! task might seem to be an easy "o1 consid]+ t ^! ,syriac manuscripts display a f> great] unanimity 9 _! text ?an is f\nd 9 any writt5 9 ,greek4 ,! difficulty 9 _! case lies 9 ano!r direction4 ,sid5ote3 ,curetonian4 ,9 ! ye> #ahdb a ,syriac manuscript conta9+ consid]able portions ( ! ,gospels 0 br\ght f ,egypt & deposit$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds publi%$ by ,dr4 ,cureton 9 #aheh ) ! title 8,rema9s ( a v anti5t rec5sion ( ! f\r ,gospels 9 ,syriac hi!rto unkn[n 9 ,europe40 ,cureton himself ?\ght he _h discov]$ ! orig9al ( ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel 9 ?is v]sion4 ,:ile ?is 0 easily %[n to be a mi/ake1 ! "q z to ! relation%ip betwe5 ! ,curetonian ,syriac & ! ,pe%itto1 :e!r ! two texts are indep5d5t ( ea* o!r1 or if n1 :i* is ! e>li] & :i* ! rec5sion1 is n yet decid$4 ,sid5ote3 ,lewis4 ,x seem$ z if ! solution ( ! problem 0 9 sight :5 fragm5ts ( a ,syriac palimpse/ 7 discov]$ on ,m\nt ,s9ai 9 ,febru>y #ahib by ,mrs4 ,lewis & h] si/]1 ,mrs4 ,gibson4 ,^! !y p]ceiv$ to be "p ( a v old manuscript ( ! ,gospels1 & ,pr(essor ,b5sly ( ,cambridge recognis$ t _! text 0 closely relat$ to t ( ! ,curetonian4 7,see ,plate ,v47 ,a second exp$ition 0 made to ,s9ai 9 ! spr+ ( #ahic1 :5 ! fragm5ts 7 transcrib$ by ,pr(essor ,b5sly1 ,f4 ,c4 ,burkitt1 & ,j4 ,r4 ,h>ris4 ,z ,b5sly di$ ?ree days aft] _! return1 ! manuscript 0 publi%$ by ! o!rs 9 #ahid1 ) an introduction by ,mrs4 ,lewis4 ,on a ?ird visit to ,s9ai ?is lady complet$ ! "w ( ! triumvirate1 & also publi%$ an ,engli% translation ( ! :ole4 ,h[1 !n1 is ?is ,s9ai-,syriac or ,lewis-,syriac1 z x is call$1 relat$ to ! ,curetonian & to ! ,pe%itto8 ,! problem becomes m complicat$ /ill by ! introduction ( a f\r? factor1 ! mo/ important ( !m all4 ,sid5ote3 ,tatian4 ,f e>ly s\rces x 0 kn[n t ,tatian1#hb a ,syrian & a pupil ( ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 compos$ a h>mony ( ! ,gospels call$ ! ,diatess>on--i4e4 1 an expression :i* may be tak5 ei!r z ref]r+ to ! f\r ,gospels or z a musical t]m equival5t to h>mony or *ord4 ,?is ,h>mony 0 9 use among ! ,syrians till ! fif? c5tury4 ,!odoret1 ,bi%op ( ,cyrus1 in=ms u t he de/roy$ #bjj copies ( x 9 8 semi-,syriac1 semi-,greek diocese4#hc ,ab\t ! same "t ,bi%op ,rabbulas ( ,edessa 7#djg-dce7 in/ruct$ 8 presbyt]s & deacons to see t all ! *ur*es possess$ & read a copy ( ! ,di/9ct ,gospel--i4e4 n mix$ or h>monis$4 ,! ,lewis-,syriac be>s ?is v title1 ,gospel ( ! ,di/9ct or ,divid$1 :i* is f\nd also z ! title ( ,mat!w's ,gospel 9 ! ,curetonian v]sion4 ,tatian's ,h>mony has n yet be5 discov]$ 9 ,syriac1 b a ,lat9 ,h>mony ( ! ,gospels d]iv$ f x has long be5 kn[n1 & 9 #ahhc a ,h>mony 9 ,arabic 0 publi%$ by ,ciasca :i* proves to be a translation f ! ,syriac made by ,ibn et-,tabib 7d4 #ajdc7 or a rec5sion ( x4 ,aga91 9 #ahcf ! ,arm5ian v]sion ( a ,syriac ,comm5t>y by ,ephraem ( ,edessa 7d4 #cgc7 0 pr9t$1 & translat$ into ,lat9 9 #ahgf4 ,evangelii concordantis expositio facta a ,s4 ,ephraemo doctore ,syro4 ,9 ,lat9um translata a ,j4 ,b4 ,au*]1 ed4 ,g4 ,moes+]4 ,v5etiis4 ,f9ally ,!odor ,zahn discov]$ 9 ! works ( ! ,syriac writ] ,aphraates1 :o wrote betwe5 #ccg & #cde1 quotations :i* mu/ be d]iv$ f ?is ,h>mony ( ,tatian2 & isolat$ quotations f ,tatian are also f\nd 9 lat] ,syriac au?ors4 ,& s ! mat]ials are provid$ = decid+ ! "q :e!r or n ,tatian made use ( an e>li] ,syriac v]sion 9 ! prep>ation ( 8 ,h>mony1 & h[ ,t7atian71 ,syrcu7reton71 ,syrs9 & ,syrs*7aaf7#hd are relat$ to ea* o!r4 ,! mo/ probable view p]haps is t ,t is ! e>lie/ =m 9 :i* ! ,gospel came to ,syria1 t 9 ,syrcu & ,syrs9 we h two attempts to exhibit ,t 9 ! =m ( a v]sion ( ! sep>ate ,gospels :i* 7 n g5]ally accept$1 :ile ,syrs* actually succe$$ & pass$ into g5]al use4 ,! int]e/ atta*+ to ?is "q may be le>n$ f ! =m 9 :i* ! text ( ,mat!w i4 #af is giv5 9 ^! witnesses4 ,syrs* agrees exactly ) our pres5t ,greek text1 b ,syrcu pres5ts a =m :i*1 :5 translat$ into ,lat91 reads1 ,joseph cui desponsata virgo ,m>ia g5uit ,jesum ,*ri/um4 ,n[1 ! only ,greek manuscripts t pres5t a =m correspond+ to ?is are f\r m9uscules1 #cdf1 #eef1 #fbd & #fbf1 :i* diff] 9 ?is respect ev5 f ! o!r memb]s ( ! ,f]r> ,gr\p to :i* !y belong4 ,9 ^! f\r manuscripts ! v]se reads1 7sic7 4 ,9 ! ,lat91 h[ev]1 ?is text is repres5t$ by a numb] ( ! olde/ manuscripts1 sev5 at lea/1 "o ( :i* omits ! ^w virgo1 :ile two h pep]it in/ead ( g5uit1 & is omitt$4 ,b 9 ,syrs9 we f9d3 ,joseph3 ,joseph autem cui desponsata 7erat7 virgo ,m>ia g5uit ,jesum ,*ri/um4 ,! passage is simil>ly cit$ 9 ! rec5tly publi%$ ,dialogue ( ,timo!us & ,aquila1#he along ) two o!r =ms1 ?us3-- 1 1 4 ,! exact word+ ( ,tatian c no long] be det]m9$1 b x is evid5t t ( ^! ?ree =ms 9 :i* ! v]se is f\nd1 only "o or none c be ! orig9al4 ,if we _h no m ?an our olde/ uncials or ! great body ( our m9uscules to g by1 no "o c\ld h ! slighte/ suspicion t 9 our ,greek text all is n 9 p]fect ord]4 ,b "h1 9 an old ,syriac fragm5t f ! f> ,ea/1 !re sudd5ly appe>s a read+ :i* is also f\nd 9 ,lat9 witnesses f ! f> ,we/1 & :i* is confirm$ by f\r solit>y ,greek manuscripts1 writt5 probably 9 ,calabria at ! close ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,h[ are ^! facts connect$1 & h[ d !y /& to ! o!r two read+s1 t ( ! common ,greek text1 & t ( ! ,lewis-,syriac8 ,! hi/ory ( ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t pres5ts _m su* problems4 ,sid5ote3 ,philox5us-,polyc>p4 ,b ,syrian s*ol>s 7 n satisfi$ ) ^? =ms ( ! ,new ,te/am5t already m5tion$4 ,9 ! ye> ( ,alex&] #hai 7,a4,d4 #ejh71hf a new & mu* m lit]al v]sion 0 made f ! ,greek at ! desire ( ,x5aia 7,philox5us71 ,bi%op ( ,mabug#hg 7#dhh-eah71 by 8 rural ,bi%op ,polyc>p4 ,"p ( ?is v]sion 0 publi%$ 9 ,engl& by ,pococke 9 #afcj--viz4 ! f\r ,epi/les 9 ! ,antilegom5a n includ$ 9 ! ,pe%itto1 #b ,pet]1 #b & #c ,john1 & ,jude4 ,un=tunately ?is edition 0 prep>$ f a some:at inaccurate manuscript1 :i* is n[ 9 ! ,bodleian ,libr>y4 ,! lat] ,european editions ( ! ,syriac ,new ,te/am5t took ! text ( ^! ,epi/les f ,pococke's edition1 :i* 0 also ! "o us$ = critical editions ( ! ,greek text4 ,9 #ahhf ,isaac ,h4 ,hall publi%$ a phototype edition ( ano!r manuscript ( ?is v]sion 7! ,williams ,,ms471 ! prop]ty ( a private g5tleman 9 ,am]ica1 & correct$ f x ! text ( ! ,syriac ,new ,te/am5t issu$ by ! ,am]ican ,bible ,society4 ,! o!r p>ts ( ?is v]sion h n yet be5 f\nd1 b ! same ,am]ican s*ol> ?\ght he discov]$ ! ,gospels 9 a n9? c5tury manuscript belong+ to ! ,syrian ,prote/ant ,college 9 ,beirut1 & deposit$ 9 ! ,libr>y ( ! ,union ,!ological ,sem9>y 9 ,new ,york4#hh ,b]n/e9 ?\ght he made ! same discov]y 9 #ahec 9 a manuscript belong+ to ! ,angelica ,libr>y 9 ,flor5ce4 ,sid5ote3 ,?omas ( ,h]aclea4 ,on ! basis ( f\r manuscripts s5t f ,di>bek] 9 #agcf to ,dr4 ,gl\ce/] ,ridley1 ,joseph ,:ite publi%$1 betwe5 #aggh & #ahjc1hi a v]sion :i* he designat$ by ! "n ( ,v]sio ,philox5ia1 & :i* /ill passes "u ?is title4 ,b ?is s-call$ ,philox5ian v]sion is n ! id5tical v]sion made = ,philox5us by ,polyc>p1 b a revision und]tak5 by ,?omas ( ,h]aclea 7,*>kel71 9 ! ye> #faf-g4 ,?is revision 0 made at ,alex&ria ) ! object ( mak+ ! ,syriac text repres5t ! ,greek z closely z possible1 ev5 to ! ord] ( ! words & ! ins]tion ( ! article4 ,! critical symbols us$ by ,hom]ic comm5tators1 ! a/]isk & ! obelus1 z well z num]\s m>g9al notes1 7 employ$ to indicate ! v>i\s read+s f\nd 9 ! manuscripts4 ,& x is v rem>kable to obs]ve t !re 7 manuscripts 9 ,alex&ria at ! beg9n+ ( ! sev5? c5tury :i* 7 reg>d$ by ,?omas ( ,h>kel z p>ticul>ly well au!nticat$1 b :i* deviate 9 a m>k$ degree f ! bulk ( our pres5t manuscripts1 & :i*1 especially 9 ! ,acts1 agree almo/ entirely ) ,codex ,d1 :i* occupies s s+ul> a position among ,greek manuscripts4 ,a new edition ( ! ,syriac text is necess>y be=e any fur!r use c be made ( x 9 ! criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,mr4 ,deane set himself to ?is task1 go+ on ! basis ( sixte5 manuscripts 9 ,engl& alone1 b un=tunately he 0 unable to br+ x to a conclusion4 ,sid5ote3 ,apocalypse4 ,! ,apocalypse 0 fir/ edit$ 9 #afbg by de ,dieu at ,leyd51 f a manuscript t _h be5 9 ! possession ( ,scalig]4 ,x is f\nd 9 a few o!r manuscripts1 9 "o1 e4g41 t 0 transcrib$ ab\t ?is same "t = ,ar*bi%op ,us%] f a ,m>onite manuscript at ,k5ob9 on ,m\nt ,lebanon4 ,x is n f\nd 9 ! ,syriac ,new ,te/am5t1 b ! lat] editions ins]t x f de ,dieu4 ,9 ,apoc4 viii4 #ac1 in/ead ( 8an eagle 9 ! mid/ ( heav50 7 71 ! ,syriac translator took x z 89 ! mid/ ) a bloody tail0 71 1 74 ,ano!r ,syriac v]sion1 9 :i* ?is error is avoid$1 0 discov]$ 9 #ahib by ,j4 ,gwynn 9 a ,codex belong+ to ,"l ,craw=d1 & publi%$ by him z ! fir/ book pr9t$ 9 ,syriac at ! ,dubl9 ,univ]sity ,press4 ,/ill m int]e/+ is x to "k t 9 a manuscript1 once ! prop]ty ( ,julius ,mohl1 & n[ 9 ,cambridge1 bo? ! s-call$ ,epi/les ( ,clem5t are f\nd aft] ! ,ca?olic ,epi/les4 ,?is manuscript1 "p ( :i* 0 publi%$ by ,b5sly 9 #ahhi 7see above1 p4 #gi71 conta9s a note at ! end to ! effect t x 0 d]iv$1 s f> z ! ,paul9e ,epi/les are conc]n$1 f ! copy ( ,pamphilus4#ij ,ab\t ! same "t & 9 ! same region1 ,paul ( ,tella translat$ "o ( ! be/ ,greek manuscripts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t into ,syriac almo/ z lit]ally z ,?omas ( ,h>kel1 !reby do+ imm5se s]vice 9 ! con/ruction ( ! ,syriac ,hexapla1 a "w ( ine/imable value = ! textual criticism ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,evangeli>ium ,hi]osolymitanum4 ,m5tion may be made "h ( ano!r ,syriac v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! s-call$ ,j]usalem or ,pale/9ian ,syriac 7,syrhr or ,syrhi]74 ,?is v]sion1 hi!rto kn[n almo/ solely f an ,evangeli>ium 9 ! ,vatican ( ! ye> #ajcj1 0 edit$ by ,c\nt ,m9iscal*i ,erizzo at ,v]ona 9 #ahfa-d1 & an excell5t edition 0 publi%$ 9 #ahib 9 ,biblio!cae ,syriacae a ,paulo de ,lag>de collectae quae ad philologiam sacram p]t95t4 ,& n[ n only h two fre% manuscripts ( ?is ,evangeli>ium be5 discov]$ on ,m\nt ,s9ai by ,j4 ,r4 ,h>ris & ,mrs4 ,lewis1 & edit$ by ,mrs4 ,lewis & ,mrs4 ,gibson1 b fragm5ts ( ! ,acts & ,paul9e ,epi/les h also be5 f\nd & publi%$1 z well z portions ( ! ,old ,te/am5t & o!r ,*ur* lit]ature4#ia ,! dialect 9 :i* ^! fragm5ts are writt5 is q diff]5t f ord9>y ,syriac1 & may1 p]haps1 be> a close resemblance to t 9 :i* ,jesus spoke to ,8 disciples4 ,at :at "t & 9 :at region ?is entire lit]ature took its rise is n yet det]m9$ ) c]ta9ty4 ,! ,greek text on :i* ! ,evangeli>ium is bas$ has _m peculi>ities4 ,9 ,mat!w xxvii4 #ag1 e4g41 ! robb] is call$ ,jesus ,b>abbas1 or1 r1 ,jesus ,b>rabbas1 a fact kn[n to ,orig51 b n[ record$ only 9 a few ,greek m9uscules by ! fir/ or second h&4 ,:at us$ to be call$ ! ,v]sio ,k>kaph5sis or ,montana is n really a v]sion1 b m]ely ! ,massoretic "w ( a mona/]y s*ool int5d$ to pres]ve ! prop] spell+ & pronunciation ( ! text ( ! ,bible4 ,no o!r bran* ( ! ,*ur* has tak5 su* pa9s z ! ,syrian1 fai?fully to transmit & to circulate ! ,gospel4 ,f ! m\nta9s ( ,lebanon & ,kurdi/an1 f ! pla9s ( ,mesopotamia & ! coa/ ( ,malab>1 & ev5 f di/ant ,*9a !re h come into ! libr>ies ( ,europe ,syriac manuscripts ( ! utmo/ value = ! textual criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,,lit]ature on ! ,syriac ,v]sions3-- ,j4 ,g4 ,*ri/ian ,adl]1 ,novi ,te/am5ti ,v]siones ,syriacae1 ,simplex1 ,philox5iana1 et ,hi]osolymitana4 ,d5uo exam9atae et ad fidem codicum manu scriptorum 444 novis obs]vationibus atque tabulis a]e incisis illu/ratae4 ,hafniae1 pp4 viii4 #bjf4 ,) eight ,plates4 #aghi1 #dto4 ,= ! complete li/ ( editions up to #ahhh1 see my ,litt]atura ,syriaca 7,syr4 ,gr41 #bnd edition1 pp4 #bj ff474 ,app5dix !reto 9 ,urt41 #bbg ff42 ,r4 ,duval1 ,la ,littrature ,syriaque4 ,p>is1 #ahii1 pp4 #db-fg2 ,ti,gr41 #hac-hbb2 ,scriv5]1 f\r? edition1 ii4 #f-dj1 ) ! help ( ,gwilliam & ,deane2 ,! ,pr9t$ ,editions ( ! ,syriac ,new ,te/am5t1 9 ! ,*ur* ,qu>t]ly ,review1 #ahhh1 ,july1 #beg-big2 ,g4 ,h4 ,gwilliam1 9 ! ,/udia ,biblica et ,ecclesia/ica 7,ox=d71 ii4 #ahij1 iii4 #ahia2 ,f4 ,c4 ,conybe>e1 ,! gr[? ( ! ,pe%itta ,v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,!ology1 #ahig1 iv4 #hhc-iab2 ,burkitt1 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 i4 7,july #aijj71 #efi ff41 ref]r+ to 8 =?com+ edition ( ! ,evangelion da-,meph>re%e1 says t he has _h to g ov] ! ,gospel quotations ( ,/4 ,ephraem1 & closes by say+1 8,i confess t ,i am unconv9c$ t :at we call ! ,new ,te/am5t ,pe%itta 0 9 exi/5ce 9 ,/4 ,ephraem's day1 & ,i believe t we owe bo? its production & victori\s reception to ! organiz+ en]gy ( ! ,great ,rabbula1 ,bi%op ( ,edessa f #daa to #dce ,a4,d40 #a4 ,till ,gwilliam's edition ( ! ,gospels appe>s1 :i* has be5 promis$ s9ce #ahia1 ! be/ edition w be ! ,editio ,pr9ceps ( ,widman/adt1 #aeee2 !n t ( ,leusd5 & ,s*aaf1 ,novum ,dom9i no/ri ,jesu ,*ri/i ,te/am5tum ,syriacum cum v]sione lat9a cura et /udio ,j4 ,leusd5 et ,c4 ,s*aaf editum4 ,ad omnes editiones dilig5t] rec5situm et v>iis lectionibus magno labore collectis adornatum4 ,lugd4 ,bat41 #agji1 #dto4 ,acc4 ,s*aaf1 ,lexicon ,syriacum concordantiale4 ,! text repr9t$ by ,jones at ,ox=d1 #ahje2 ! editions ( ! ,london ,bible ,society1 #ahaf & #ahbf1 & bett] /ill1 ! ,syriac & ,new-,syriac editions ( ! ,am]ican ,mission 9 ,urmia1 #ahdf1 & ( ! ,am]ican ,bible ,society ( ,new ,york1 #ahfh1 #ahgd1 & frequ5tly 7) ! ,ne/orian vocalisation74 ,an edition is promis$ f ! ,jesuit ,press at ,beyru?1 ,n\veau ,te/am5t ,syriaque en petits c>actres1 d'aprs plusieurs manuscrits anci5s1 d4 p> le ,p4 ,l4 ,*eikho4 ,! ,new ,te/am5t "p ( ! ,pe%itto has be5 v mu* neglect$ 9 ! pres5t c5tury4 ,on ! ,o4,t41 inve/igations1 *iefly 9 ! =m ( diss]tations on mo/ ( ! books1 h be5 publi%$1 e/abli%+ ! relation ( ! ,syriac to ! ,massoretic text1 ! ,septuag9t1 & ! ,t>gum4 ,b almo/ no?+ ( ?is sort has be5 done = ! ,n4,t41 at lea/ 9 ,g]many1 s9ce ! "t ( ,mi*aelis & ,lhle94 ,! "q has nev] once be5 tak5 up h[ _m translators' h&s c be di/+ui%$ 9 ! ,n4,t4 ,j4 ,d4 ,mi*aelis1 ,curae 9 ,v]sionem ,syriacam ,act4 ,apo/4 cum consect>iis criticis de indole1 cognationibus et usu v]sionis ,syriacae tabul>um ,novi ,fo$]is4 ,gtt+51 #agee4 ,c4 ,l4 ,e4 ,lhle91 ,syrus ,epi/olae ad ,ephesios int]pres 9 causa critica d5uo exam9atus1 ,erlang51 #ahce4 #b4 ,cureton's ,rema9s 7#aheh7 is n[ out ( pr9t4 ,till ,burkitt's new edition appe>s its place w be tak5 by ,bae?g5's ,retranslation into ,greek 7,evangeli5fragm5te4 ,d] grie*is*e ,text des ,curetons*5 ,syr]s wi$]h]ge/ellt1 ,leipzig1 #ahhe72 & m especially by ,alb]t ,bonus's ,collatio codicis ,lewisiani rescripti evangeliorum ,syriacorum cum codice ,curetoniano1 ,ox=d1 #ahif2 & by ,c>l ,holzhey's ,d] neu5tdeckte ,codex ,s9aiticus unt]su*t4 ,mit e9em voll/ndig5 ,v]zei*nis d] ,v>iant5 des ,codex ,s9aiticus und ,codex ,curetonianus1 ,muni*1 #ahif4 ,see ,a4 ,bonus1 ,! ,s9aitic ,palimpse/ & ! ,curetonian ,syriac1 9 ! ,expository ,times1 ,may #ahie1 p4 #chj ff4 ,! publications ( ,t4 ,r4 ,cr[foot1 ,fragm5ta ,evangelica1 ,p>s ,i41 ,,ii41 #ahgj1 #ahgb1 & ,obs]vations on ! ,collations 9 ,greek ( ,cureton's ,syriac ,fragm5ts1 #ahgb1 conta9 useful mat]ial1 b !re are a good _m mi/akes4 #c4 ,! ,editio ,pr9ceps ( ! ,lewis text is1 ( c\rse1 t ( ,b5sly1 ,h>ris1 & ,burkitt1 ,! ,f\r ,gospels 9 ,syriac1 transcrib$ f ! ,s9aitic ,palimpse/ 444 ,cambridge1 #ahid4 ,to ?is mu/ be add$ its complem5t by ,mrs4 ,lewis1 ,"s ,pages ( ! ,f\r ,gospels retranscrib$ 7) or )\t an ,engli% translation71 ,london1 #ahif2 fur!r1 ,la/ ,glean+s f ! ,s9ai ,palimpse/1 ,expositor1 ,aug4 #ahig1 pp4 #aaa-aai2 also1 ,an ,omission f ! ,text ( ! ,s9ai ,palimpse/1 ,expositor1 ,dec4 #ahig1 p4 #dgb4 ,on ! discov]y ( ! manuscript1 see ,mrs4 ,gibson1 ,h[ ! ,codex 0 f\nd1 444 ,cambridge1 #ahic1 & ,mrs4 ,lewis1 ,9 ! %ad[ ( ,s9ai1 444 ,cambridge1 #ahih2 also ,mrs4 ,b5sly1 ,our ,j\rney to ,s9ai1 444 ,) a *apt] on ! ,s9ai ,palimpse/4 ,london1 #ahif4 ,see also ,mrs4 ,lewis1 ,! ,e>li] ,home ( ! ,s9aitic ,palimpse/1 ,expositor1 ,june #aijj1 pp4 #dae-dba4 ,! text has be5 translat$ into ,g]man by ,adalb]t ,m]x1 :o has add$ a brief b valuable critical discussion4 ,b]l9 7,reim]71 #ahig4 ,! second "p1 compris+ ! comm5t>y1 has n yet appe>$4 ,see also ,gwilliam's notice ( ! editio pr9ceps 9 ! ,expository ,times1 ,jan4 #ahie1 p4 #aeg ff4 #d4 ,on ,tatian1 ! late/ & be/ is ,zahn1 ,evangeli5h>monie1 ,,pre#c1 v4 7#ahih71 #fec ff42 also 8 ,=s*ung51 i4 7#ahha71 ,tatian's ,diatess>on1 ii4 p4 #bhf ff4 7#ahhc71 iv4 7#ahia72 ,ges*4 des ,kanons1 i4 #chg-dad1 ii4 #ecj-eef4 ,j4 ,h4 ,hill1 ,! e>lie/ ,life ( ,*ri/ ev] compil$ f ! ,f\r ,gospels1 be+ ! ,diatess>on ( ,tatian 7c4 ,a4,d4 #afj71 lit]ally translat$ f ! ,arabic ,v]sion4 ,ed9burgh1 #ahic4 ,j4 ,r4 ,h>ris1 ,! ,diatess>on ( ,tatian1 a ,prelim9>y ,/udy4 ,cambridge1 #ahij4 ,! ,diatess>on1 a ,reply1 9 ! ,contempor>y ,review1 ,aug4 #ahie1 9 answ] to ,w4 ,r4 ,cassels1 9 ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury1 ,april #ahie2 also by ! same writ]1 ,fragm5ts ( ! ,comm5t>y ( ,ephrem ,syrus ^u ! ,diatess>on4 ,london1 #ahie4444 ,j4 ,h4 ,hill1 ,a ,diss]tation on ! ,gospel ,comm5t>y ( ,s4 ,ephrem ! ,syrian 444 ,ed9burgh1 #ahif4 ,j4 ,a4 ,rob9son1 ,tatian's ,diatess>on & a ,dut* ,h>mony1 9 ! ,academy1 #bd? ,m>* #ahid4 ,hope ,w4 ,hogg1 ,! ,diatess>on ( ,tatian1 ) introduction & translation1 9 ! ,ante-,nic5e ,libr>y4 ,additional ,volume 444 edit$ by ,allan ,m5zies4 ,ed9burgh1 #ahig1 pp4 #cc-ach4 ,w4 ,elliott1 ,tatian's ,diatess>on & ! ,mod]n ,critics4 ,plym\?1 #ahhh4 ,i4 ,h4 ,hall1 ,a ,pair ( ,citations f ! ,diatess>on1 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,biblical ,lit]ature1 x4 #b 7#ahia71 #aec-aee4 ,j4 ,g\ss51 ,pauca ,fragm5ta g5u9a ,diatess>oniana1 app5d$ to ! ,apocalypsis ,s4 ,joannis ,v]sio ,sahidica1 #ahie4 ,see also ,bum] 9 ! ,lit]>is*] ,h&weis]1 #ahij1 #aec-afi2 ! article ,tatian 9 ! ,encyclopdia ,britannica1 & ,ha/+s' ,bible ,diction>y1 vol4 ii4 p4 #fig f4 #e4 ,on ! lat] ,syriac v]sions1 see ,urt41 #bbh1 #bcf f42 ,gwynn1 ,! old] ,syriac ,v]sion ( ! f\r ,m9or ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 ,h]ma!na1 ,no4 xvi4 7vol4 vii471 #ahij1 #bha-cad4 ,m]x1 ,die 9 d] ,pes*ito fehl5d5 ,briefe des ,neu5 ,te/am5tes 9 arabis*] d] ,philox5iana ent/amm5d] ,ueb]setzung 444 ,zeits*rift fr ,assyriologie1 xii4 #bdj ff41 #cdh ff41 xiii4 #a-bh4 ,b5sly1 ,! ,h>klean ,v]sion ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 444 ,cambridge1 #ahhi4 ,9 ?is edition w be f\nd ! subscription m5tion$ above1 connect+ ! manuscript ) t ( ,pamphilus4 ,see ,add5da1 p4 xv4 #f4 ,on ! ,j]usalem ,evangeli>ium1 see ,urt41 #bbh1 #bcg4 ,zahn1 ,=s*ung51 i4 #cbi ff4 ,lag>de1 ,mitteilung51 i4 #aaa1 iv4 #cbh1 #cdj4 ,a4 de ,lag>de1 ,er9n]ung5 an ,p4 de ,lag>de1 p4 #aab ff4 ,lewis & ,gibson1 ,! ,pale/9ian ,syriac ,lection>y ( ! ,gospels re-edit$ f two ,s9ai ,,mss4 & f ,p4 de ,lag>de's edition ( ! ,evangeli>ium ,hi]osolymitanum1 ,london1 #ahii4 ,! ,lection>y publi%$ 9 ! ,/udia ,s9aitica1 vi41 conta9s1 9 ! ,n4,t41 passages f ,acts1 ,romans1 #a & #b ,cor41 ,gal41 ,ephes41 ,philip41 ,col41 #a ,!ss41 #a & #b ,tim41 ,heb41 ,james4 ,see notice 9 ! ,expository ,times1 ,jan4 #ahih1 p4 #aij ff4 ,! ,liturgy ( ! ,nile1 publi%$ by ,g4 ,m>goli\?1 #ahif 7,j\rnal ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 ,oct4 #ahif1 #fgg-gca1 & also publi%$ sep>ately71 conta9s ,acts xvi4 #af-cd4 ,see also ,woods1 ,! ,new ,syriac ,fragm5ts 9 ! ,expository ,times1 ,nov4 #ahic4 7b47 ,,lat9 ,,v]sions4 ,sid5ote3 ,j]ome4 ,! "n mo/ closely associat$ ) ! ,lat9 ,v]sions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is t ( ,j]ome 7,hi]onymus74 ,?is s*ol> 0 born at ,/ridon1 on ! bord]s ( ,dalmatia1#ib ab\t ! ye> #cde1 & educat$ at ,rome4 ,aft] lead+ = "s "t a h]mit life 9 ,pale/9e1 ,j]ome return$ to ,rome1 & x 0 dur+ 8 resid5ce !re1 9 ! ye> #chb1 t he 0 urg$ by ,pope ,damasus to und]take a revision ( ! ,lat9 v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t !n 9 use4 ,?is he did1 & 9 #chc s5t ! ,pope1 :o di$ 9 ! foll[+ ye>1 ! fir/ in/alm5t ( ! "w1 ! ,f\r ,gospels1 accompani$ ) a lett] beg9n+ ?us3--8,?\ compelle/ me to make a new "w out ( an old2 aft] s _m copies ( ! ,scriptures h be5 disp]s$ ?r\gh\t ! :ole _w1 ,i am n[ to occupy ! seat ( ! arbit]1 z x 71 & see+ !y disagree1 to decide :i* ( !m accords ) ! tru? ( ! ,greek2 a pi\s task1 v]ily1 yet a p]il\s presumption1 to pass judgm5t on o!rs & oneself to be judg$ by all40 ,he anticipates t ev]yone1 no matt] :o1 le>n$ or ignorant1 t takes up a ,bible & f9ds a discrepancy betwe5 x & ! usual text w /raightway condemn him z an impi\s falsifi] :o presum$ to add to or alt] or correct ! anci5t ,scriptures4 ,b he com=ts himself ) ! reflection t x is ! ,high ,pontiff himself t has laid ?is task ^u him1 & t ! te/imony ( 8 jeal\s oppon5ts !mselves proves t discrepancies are an indication ( error 7v]um non esse quod v>iat1 etiam mal$icorum te/imonio comprobatur72 = if !y tell u we are to re/ our fai? on ! ,lat9 exempl>s1 !y mu/ fir/ say :i*1 because !re are almo/ z _m v]sions z manuscripts 7tot enim sunt exempl>ia pa5e quot codices72 if x is to be ! majority ( ^!1 :y n r g back to ! ,greek orig9al :i* has be5 badly r5d]$ by incompet5t translators 7a vitiosis int]pretibus male edita71 made worse in/ead ( bett] by ! presumption ( unskilful correctors 7a praesumptoribus imp]itis em5data p]v]sius71 & add$ to or alt]$ by sleepy scribes 7a libr>iis dormitantibus aut addita sunt aut mutata74 ,9 a lett] to 8 le>n$ fri5d ,m>cella1 writt5 9 ! ye> #chd1 he gives in/ances ( :at he compla9s (1 cit+1 e4g41 ,romans xii4 #aa1 :]e tempori s]vi5tes _h hi!rto be5 read in/ead ( dom9o s]vi5tes 7 in/ead ( 71 & #a ,tim4 v4 #ai1 8aga9/ an eld] receive n an accusation10 :]e ! qualify+ clause1 8except be=e two or ?ree witnesses10 0 dropp$1 & also #a ,tim4 i4 #ae1 iii4 #a1 :]e humanus s]mo 0 giv5 9 place ( fidelis4 ,9 all ?ree in/ances1 our mo/ rec5t critical editions decide 9 fav\r ( ,j]ome1 aga9/ ! ,old ,lat9 ,v]sion4 ,9 ! la/ in/ance cit$1 we "k ( only "o ,lat9-,greek manuscript t has in/ead ( 1 & t only 9 c4 iii4 #a1 viz4 ,d994 ,j]ome accord+ly issu$ an improv$ v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 beg9n+ ) ! ,gospels4 ,= ?is purpose he made a c>eful comp>ison ( old ,greek manuscripts 7codicum ,graecorum em5data conlatione s$ vet]um74 ,9 8 v]sion he 0 also c>eful only to make an alt]ation :5 a real *ange ( mean+ 0 necess>y1 reta9+ 9 all o!r cases ! famili> ,lat9 word+4 ,! ,gospels 7 9 ! ord] :i* has be5 ! prevail+ "o s9ce 8 day--,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 ,john4 ,sid5ote3 ,augu/9e4 ,we le>n f ! great ,*ur* ,tea*] ,,augu/9e1 :o liv$ 9 ,africa ab\t ! same "t 7#ced-dcj71 t !re 0 an endless v>iety & multitude ( translators 7lat9orum int]pretum inf9ita v>ietas1 int]pretum num]ositas74 ,he tells u t :ile x 0 possible to c\nt ! numb] ( ^? :o _h translat$ ! ,bible--i4e4 ! ,old ,te/am5t--f ,hebrew into ,greek1 ! ,lat9 translators 7 innum]able2 t 9 ! e>ly age ( ! ,*ri/ian fai? 7primis fidei temporibus71 no soon] did anyone ga9 possession ( a ,greek ,codex1 & believe himself to h any k ( bo? languages1 ?an he made bold to translate x 7ausus e/ int]pret>i74 ,sid5ote3 ,itala4 ,! advice he himself gives is to pref] ! ,italic v]sion to ! o!rs1 z be+ ! mo/ fai?ful & intelligible 79 ipsis autem int]pretationibus ,itala praef]atur2 nam e/ v]borum t5acior cum p]spicuitate s5t5tiae4 ,de ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana1 ii4 #ad1 #ae74 ,sid5ote3 ,vulgate4 ,on ! gr\nd ( ?is passage1 ! pre-,j]omic v]sions h be5 compreh5d$ "u ! title ( ! ,itala1 z di/+ui%$ f ,j]ome's own "w1 :i* is call$ ! ,vulgate1 see+ t x became ! prevail+ text 9 ! ,*ur* ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,by ! ,itala1 ,augu/9e himself1 h[ev]1 mu/ h ref]r$ to a p>ticul> v]sion1 &1 accord+ to ! usage ( t "t1 ! ^w _c mean any?+ else ?an a v]sion orig9at+ 9 or preval5t 9 ,italy--i4e4 ! ,nor? ( ,italy1 :at is call$ ,lomb>dy4 ,x is n difficult to und]/& h[ x came to pass t ,augu/9e us$ su* a v]sion 9 ,africa1 see+ t he 0 a pupil ( ,ambrose1 ,bi%op ( ,milan4 ,9 rec5t times ,burkitt has reviv$ ! op9ion t by ,itala ,augu/9e means nei!r m nor less ?an ,j]ome's ,revision ( ! ,gospels4 ,he demon/rates t ,augu/9e's ,de ,cons5su1 writt5 ab\t ! ye> #djj1 is bas$ on ,j]ome's revis$ text4 ,9 ?is1 ,zahn#ic agrees ) him on gr\nds t admit ( no "q s f> z ?is po9t is conc]n$4 ,b ,wordswor?-,:ite#id w n admit ! inf]5ce t ,augu/9e mu/ h meant ?is ,revision :5 he spoke ( ,itala 9 ! ye> #cig1 see+ t 9 8 lett] to ,j]ome1#ie writt5 9 #djc1 he ?anks ,god = ! int]pretation ( ! ,gospel1 8quasi de op]e rec5t] cognito10 :ile 9 8 e>li] lett]s to ,j]ome#if he makes no m5tion ( x3 8quod mir&um esset si 9 op]e ante sex annos publici iuris facto eam collaudasset40#ig 7#a47 ,,lat9 ,,v]sions ,,be=e ,,j]ome4 ,sid5ote3 ,old ,lat9 ,texts4 ,:]e1 :51 & by :om 0 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 or at lea/ 7 p>ts ( x1 fir/ translat$ into ,lat98 ,f ! passage 9 ,augu/9e quot$ above1 we le>n t x 0 done by all & sundry 9 ! v e>lie/ times ( ! ,*ri/ian fai?4 ,rome us$ to be reg>d$ z ! place :]e ! ,lat9 v]sions took _! rise4 ,b x 0 obs]v$ t ,greek 0 v commonly employ$ z ! writt5 language at ,rome1 especially among ,*ri/ians4 ,! fir/ ,bi%ops ( ,rome h pure ,greek names1 & ev5 ! fir/ repres5tative ( ! ,roman ,*ur* ) a ,lat9 "n1 ! ,clem5t t wrote ! ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians ab\t ! ye> #ie1 ev5 he wrote 9 ,greek4 ,moreov]1 :5 ! relics ( ! ,old ,lat9 ,bibles began to be exam9$1 x 0 obs]v$ t _! language1 bo? 9 vocabul>y & gramm>1 entirely agre$ ) t f\nd 9 ,african writ]s ( t age1 & 9 "s ?+s agre$ ) ^! alone4 ,sid5ote3 ,african ,lat94 ,x is1 ( c\rse1 a fact t ! majority ( ! writ]s ( t age kn[n to u are ,african4 ,till q rec5tly1 !re=e1 x 0 held to be tol]ably well made out t ! bir?place ( ! ,lat9 ,bible is to be f\nd 9 ,africa4 ,x 0 reg>d$ by _m z equally c]ta91 t 9 spite ( ! /atem5ts ( ,j]ome & ,augu/9e1 & 9 spite too ( ! v>i\s =ms 9 :i* ! ,old ,lat9 ,bible n[ exi/s1 ^! all proce$ f a common orig91 or at mo/ f two s\rces1 s t x 0 n q correct to speak ( a 8multitude ( translators0 9 ! v e>lie/ times4 ,! settlem5t ( ?is "q is r5d]$ m difficult by ! fact t1 :ile ! extant copies ( ! pre-,j]omic ,bible are und\bt$ly v e>ly1 !y are few 9 numb]1 & = ! mo/ "p mutilat$4 ,! reason ( ?is is n f> to seek4 ,=1 z "t w5t on & ,j]ome's new v]sion came to be m & m exclusively us$1 manuscripts ( ! e>li] v]sion lo/ _! value1 & 7 ! m frequ5tly us$ = palimpse/s & book cov]s4 ,"o has also to take into acc\nt h[ liable ! text ( bo? 0 to be corrupt$1 ei!r by ! copyi/ ( an ,old ,lat9 ,bible ins]t+ 9 ! m>g91 or ev5 int]polat+ 9 ! text1 v>i\s passages f ,j]ome's translation t seem$ to him to be a decid$ improvem5t1 or conv]sely1 by ! scribe :o %\ld h writt5 ! new r5d]+ involunt>ily p]mitt+ famili> expressions to creep 9 f ! old4 ,x is e/imat$ t we h ab\t #hjjj manuscripts ( ,j]ome's rec5sion1 ( :i* #bbbh h be5 catalogu$ by ,gregory4 ,samuel ,b]g]1 ! mo/ ?or\gh inve/igator 9 ?is field1 exam9$ #hjj manuscripts 9 ,p>is alone4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 only #ch manuscripts ( ! ,old ,lat9 ,v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t are kn[n to exi/4 ,! cr$it ( collect+ ! relics ( ^! pre-,j]omic v]sions ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 s f> z !y 7 accessible at t "t1 belongs to ,pet] ,sabati] ! ,mauri/ 7,rheims1 #agdc1 #c vols4 folio74 ,9 critical editions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ! manuscripts ( ! pre-,j]omic v]sions are indicat$ by ! small lett]s ( ! ,roman alphabet4 ,!y are ! foll[+3-- #a4 ,,gospels4 a4 ,v]cell5sis3 accord+ to a tradition record$ 9 a docum5t ( ! eigh? c5tury ?is manuscript 0 writt5 by ,eusebius1 ,bi%op ( ,v]celli1 :o di$ 9 ! ye> #cgj or #cga4 ,rec5t s*ol>s1 h[ev]1 date x some:at lat]4 ,x is writt5 on purple ) silv] lett]s4 ,! ord] ( ! ,gospels is t f\nd 9 mo/ ( ^! ,old ,lat9 ,,mss4--viz4 ,mat!w1 ,john1 ,luke1 ,m>k4 ,! manuscript is defective 9 sev]al places4 ,! codex 0 edit$ by ,irico 9 #agdh1 & by ,bian*9i 9 #agdi along ) "s ( ! o!rs 9 8 ,evangeli>ium ,quadruplex4 ,?is latt] edition 0 repr9t$1 ) "s inaccuracies1 9 ,migne's ,patrologia ,lat9a1 vol4 xii4 ,! manuscript 0 aga9 edit$ by ,bel%eim2 ,codex ,v]cell5sis4 ,quatuor ,evangelia ante ,hi]onymum lat9e translata ex reliquiis ,codicis ,v]cell5sis1 saeculo ut videtur qu>to scripti1 et ex ,editione ,iriciana pr9cipe d5uo ed$it 7sic7 ,jo4 ,bel%eim4 ,*ri/iania1 #ahid4 b4 ,v]on5sis3 ( ! f\r? or fif? c5tury1 also writt5 ) silv] on purple4 ,9 ?is ,codex1 ,john vii4 #dd-viii4 #ab has be5 eras$4 ,! manuscript is defective4 ,edit$ by ,bian*9i 7see above74 ,a ,spagnolo1 ,l',evangeli>io ,purpureo ,v]onese4 ,nota 7,tor9o1 #ahii4 ,e/ratta dagli ,atti dell' ,accademia ,reale delle ,sci5ze di ,tor9o74 c4 ,colb]t9us3 9 ,p>is1 writt5 9 ! twelf? c5tury1 b /ill conta9+ ! ,old ,lat9 text 9 ! ,gospels1 ?\gh exhibit+ ,j]ome's v]sion 9 o!r p>ts4 ,edit$ by ,sabati]1 & aga9 by ,bel%eim2 ,codex ,colb]t9us ,p>isi5sis4 ,quatuor ,evangelia ante ,hi]onymum lat9e translata po/ editionem ,petri ,sabati] cum ipso codice collatam d5uo edidit ,jo4 ,bel%eim4 ,*ri/iania1 #ahhh4 d4 ,! ,lat9 "p ( ,codex ,d2 see p4 #fd ff4 e4 ,palat9us3 ( ! f\r? or fif? c5tury1 writt5 l a b f i j on purple ) gold & silv] lett]s3 n[ 9 ,vi5na1 ) "o leaf 9 ,dubl94 ,two o!r fragm5ts 7 publi%$ 9 #ahic by ,hugo ,l9ke f a transcript made = ,bian*9i 9 #agfb4 ,! entire codex 0 edit$ by ,bel%eim1 ,*ri/iania1 #ahif4 ,see von ,dobs*tz 9 ! ,l,cbl41 #ahif1 #bh4 f4 ,brixianus1 ( ! six? c5tury1 9 ,brescia4 ,9 _! new edition ( ! ,vulgate1 ,wordswor? & ,:ite pr9t$ ! text ( ?is manuscript und]nea? t ( ,j]ome = comp>ison's sake z probably conta9+ ! text mo/ ne>ly resembl+ t on :i* ,j]ome bas$ 8 rec5sion4 ,b see ,burkitt's ,note 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 ,i4 i4 7,oct4 #ahii71 #abi-acd1 & ! note to p4 #aci 9 ,add5da4 ff#a4 ,corbei5sis ,i41 conta9s ! ,gospel accord+ to ,mat!w alone4 ,! manuscript =m]ly belong$ to ! ,mona/]y ( ,corbey1 ne> ,ami5s1 & ) o!rs 0 transf]r$ to ,/4 ,pet]sburg dur+ ! ,fr5* ,revolution4 ff#b4 ,corbei5sis ,,ii41 writt5 9 ! six? c5tury & n[ 9 ,p>is3 conta9s ! ,gospels ) sev]al lacun4 ,on ,bel%eim's editions ( ff#a & ff#b 7#ahha & #ahhg71 see ,e4 ,ranke 9 ! ,th,lz41 #ahhg1 col4 #eff1 & ,s4 ,b]g]1 ,bull4 ,crit41 #ahia1 #cjb f4 g#a4 ,sang]man5sis ,i41 ( ! n9? c5tury1 9 ,p>is1 exhibits a mix$ text4 ,! manuscript 0 us$ by ,/eph5 = 8 ,lat9 ,bible ( #aech4 g#b4 ,sang]man5sis ,,ii41 writt5 9 an ,iri% h& ( ! t5? c5tury1 has a mix$ text3 9 ,p>is 7,lat4 #acjfi74 h4 ,cl>omontanus1 ( ! f\r? or fif? c5tury1 n[ 9 ! ,vatican3 has ! ,old ,lat9 text 9 ,mat!w only4 ,! manuscript is defective at ! beg9n+ d[n to ,matt4 iii4 #ae & also f ,matt4 xiv4 #cc-xviii4 #ab4 ,edit$ by ,mai 9 8 ,scriptorum ,vet]um ,nova ,collectio1 iii4 #beg-bhh1 & by ,bel%eim1 ,*ri/iania1 #ahib4 i4 ,v9dobon5sis1 ( ! sev5? c5tury1 conta9s fragm5ts ( ,luke & ,m>k writt5 on purple ) silv] & gold4 ,edit$ by ,bel%eim1 ,codex ,v9dobon5sis membranaceus purpureus 444 antiquissimae evangeliorum ,lucae et ,m>ci translationis ,lat9ae fragm5ta edidit ,jo4 ,bel%eim4 ,lipsiae1 #ahhe 7cum tabula74 j 7z 9 ,ti,gr474 ,s>etianus or ,s>zann5sis1 ( ! fif? c5tury1 conta9s #bib v]ses f ,john writt5 on purple4 ,! manuscript 0 discov]$ 9 #ahgb 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,s>ezzano1 ne> ,tortona1 & is n yet completely edit$4 ,comp>e ,g4 ,amelli1 ,un anti*issimo codice biblico ,lat9o purpureo cons]vato nella *iesa di ,s>ezzano presso ,tortona4 ,milan1 #ahgb4 k4 ,bobi5sis1 ( ! fif? c5tury1 is p]haps ! mo/ important ( ! ,old ,lat9 manuscripts1 b un=tunately conta9s only fragm5ts ( ,mat!w & ,m>k4 ,x is said to h belong$ to ,/4 ,columban1 ! f\nd] ( ! mona/]y ( ,bobbio1 :o di$ 9 ! ye> #fae4 ,x is n[ pres]v$ at ,tur94 ,see ,burkitt on ,m>k xv4 #cd 9 ,codex ,bobi5sis 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 i4 #b 7,jan4 #aijj71 p4 #bgh f4 l4 ,rehdig]anus1 9 ,breslau1 pur*as$ 9 ,v5ice by ,?omas von ,rehdig] 9 #aefi4 ,mat!w i4 #a-;ii4 #ae & a good deal ( ,john want+4 ,edit$ by ,h4 ,fr4 ,haase1 ,breslau1 #ahfe1 #ahff3 ,evangeliorum quattuor vetus lat9a int]pretatio ex codice ,rehdig]ano nunc primum edita4 m4 ,does n repres5t any p>ticul> manuscript & %\ld prop]ly be omitt$ "h4 ,x indicates ! ,lib] de div9is scripturis sive ,speculum1 a "w mi/ak5ly ascrib$ to ,augu/9e1 consi/+ ( a collection ( pro(-passages 7te/imonia7 f ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts4 ,all ! books ( ! latt] are made use ( except ,philemon1 ,hebrews1 & #c ,john1 b ! ,epi/le to ! ,laodicans is cit$ among ! numb]4 ,fragm5ta ,novi ,te/am5ti 9 translatione lat9a antehi]onymiana ex libro qui vocatur ,speculum eruit et ord9e librorum ,novi ,te/am5ti exposuit ,j4 ,bel%eim4 ,*ri/iania1 #ahii4 n o p4 ,are fragm5ts at ,/4 ,gall3 publi%$ 9 ! ,old ,lat9 ,biblical ,texts1 see bel[1 p4 #aca f4 n4 ,writt5 9 ! fif? or six? c5tury1 has probably be5 9 ! ,libr>y at ,/4 ,gall s9ce its f\ndation4 ,x conta9s portions ( ,mat!w & ,m>k1 ) ,john xix4 #ac-db4 o4 ,writt5 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 possibly to take ! place ( ! la/ leaf ( n1 :i* is want+1 conta9s ,m>k xvi4 #ad-bj4 p4 ,two leaves ( an ,iri% missal writt5 9 ! sev5? or eigh? c5tury4 a#b4 ,is "p ( ! same manuscript z n4 ,x consi/s ( a leaf conta9+ ,luke xi4 #aa-bi & xiii4 #af-cd4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 ! ,episcopal ar*ives at ,*ur1 & is pres]v$ 9 ! ,rhtis*es ,museum !re4 q4 ,monac5sis1 writt5 9 ! six? or sev5? c5tury1 came orig9ally f ,freis+4 ,publi%$ 9 ! ,old ,lat9 ,biblical ,texts4 r or r#a & r#b4 ,uss]ianus ,i4 & ,,ii41 are bo? 9 ,dubl94 ,! =m] is writt5 9 an ,iri% h& ( ! sev5? c5tury1 & has sev]al lacun4 r#b belongs to ! n9? or t5? c5tury & has an ,old ,lat9 text 9 ,mat!w resembl+ t ( r#a4 ,x %[s aff9ity ) ,j]ome's text 9 ,m>k1 ,luke1 & ,john1 ( :i*1 h[ev]1 only five leaves rema94 ,edit$ by ,t4 ,k4 ,abbott1 ,evangeliorum v]sio antehi]onymiana ex codice ,uss]iano 7,dubl95si71 adjecta collatione codicis ,uss]iani alt]ius4 ,acc$it v]sio ,vulgata4444 ,dubl91 #ahhd1 #b ,p>ts4 s4 ,f\r leaves ) portions ( ,luke1 writt5 9 ! six? c5tury4 ,! fragm5ts came orig9ally f ,bobbio1 & are n[ 9 ! ,ambrosian ,libr>y at ,milan4 ,publi%$ 9 ! ,old ,lat9 ,biblical ,texts4 t4 ,a palimpse/ v difficult to deciph]1 conta9+ portions ( ! fir/ ?ree *apt]s ( ,m>k1 writt5 9 ! fif? c5tury1 & n[ at ,b]ne4 ,publi%$ 9 ! ,old ,lat9 ,biblical ,texts4 v4 ,b\nd 9 ! cov] ( a volume at ,vi5na entitl$1 ,pactus ,legis ,ripu>i3 exhibits ,john xix4 #bg-xx4 #aa4 ,publi%$ 9 ! ,old ,lat9 ,biblical ,texts4 aur4 ,aureus or ,holmi5sis1 writt5 9 ! sev5? or eigh? c5tury1 exhibits ! ,gospels entire1 ) ! exception ( ,luke xxi4 #h-cj4 ,an inscription 9 old ,engli% /ates t ! manuscript 0 pur*as$ f ! hea!n 7! ,danes87 by ,alfr$ ! ,ald]man = ,*ri/ ,*ur*1 ,cant]bury1 :5 ,alfr$ 0 ,k+ & ,e!lr$ ,ar*bi%op 7#hga-hhi74 ,x 0 aft]w>ds 9 ,madrid1 & is n[ at ,/ockholm4 ,x is really a ,vulgate text ) an admixture ( ,old ,lat9 read+s4 ,publi%$ by ,bel%eim 9 #ahgh4 4 ,is ! int]l9e> ,lat9 v]sion ( 7see p4 #gb71 & is int]e/+ on acc\nt ( its alt]native read+s giv5 9 almo/ e v]se--e4g4 uxorem vel conjugem = 1 ,matt4 i4 #bj4 ,comp>e ,h>ris1 ,! ,codex ,sangall5sis1 ,cambridge1 #ahia4 ,on ! ,prolegom5a f\nd 9 _m ,old ,lat9 & ,vulgate manuscripts ( ! ,gospels1 see ,pet] ,corss51 ,mon>*ianis*e ,prologe zu d5 vi] ,evangeli54 ,leipzig1 #ahif 7,,tu41 xv4 #a74 ,?is has be5 supplem5t$ by von ,dobs*tz's ,prolog zur ,apo/elges*i*te4 ,see also ,jli*] 9 ! ,,gga41 #ahif1 xi4 #hda-hea4 ,j4 ,s4 9 ! ,revue ,critique1 #ahig1 vii4 #ace f4 ,h4 ,holtzmann 9 ! ,?4 ,lz41 #ahig1 xii4 col4 #bca ff4 ,a4 ,hilg5feld1 ,alt*ri/li*e ,prolegom5a zu d5 ,evangeli5 9 ! ,zfw,th41 #ahig1 iii4 #dcb-ddd4 #b4 ,,acts4 d m ,z = ! ,gospels4 e4 ,! ,lat9 text ( ,e4 ,see above1 p4 #ge4 g4 ,gigas ,holmi5sis1 ! imm5se manuscript ( ! entire ,lat9 ,bible pres]v$ at ,/ockholm4 ,! text is ,old ,lat9 only 9 ! ,acts & ,apocalypse1 ! re/ ( ! ,new ,te/am5t exhibit+ ,j]ome's v]sion4 ,! manuscript 0 br\ght to ,sw$5 f ,prague z a prize ( w> 9 #afdh1 along ) ! ,codex ,arg5teus4 ,! ,acts & ,apocalypse 7 edit$ by ,bel%eim1 ,*ri/iania1 #ahgi4 ,on ?is see ,o4 v4 ,gebh>dt 9 ! ,th,lz41 #ahhj1 col4 #ahe4 ,a new collation ( ?is manuscript 0 made = ,w4-,w4 by ,h4 ,k>lsson 9 #ahia4 g#b4 ,9 ,milan1 is "p ( a ,lection>y writt5 9 ! t5? or elev5? c5tury1 & conta9s ! p]icope = ,/4 ,/eph5's day1 ,acts vi4 #h-vii4 #b1 vii4 #ea-viii4 #d4 ,publi%$ by ,c]iani 9 8 ,monum5ta ,sacra et ,pr(ana1 i4 #b1 pp4 #abg1 #abh4 ,milan1 #ahff4 h4 ,floriac5sis1 a palimpse/ =m]ly belong+ to ! ,abbey ( ,fleury on ! ,loire1 & n[ 9 ,p>is1 writt5 probably 9 ! sev5? c5tury4 ,x conta9s fragm5ts ( ! ,apocalypse1 ,acts1 #a & #b ,pet]1 & #a ,john1 9 ?is ord]4 7,tis*5dorf's reg43 ,blass's f47 ,! late/ & be/ edition is t ( ,s4 ,b]g]3 ,le ,palimpse/e de ,fleury4 ,p>is1 #ahhi4 p#b1 writt5 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 exhibits a text ) an admixture ( ,old ,lat9 read+s 9 ! ,acts only4 ,! manuscript came orig9ally f ,p]pignan1 & is n[ 9 ,p>is1 ,no4 #cba4 ,x 0 us$ by ,blass4 ,publi%$ by ,b]g]3 ,un anci5 texte lat9 des ,actes des ,aptres1 etc4 ,p>is1 #ahie4 ,see von ,dobs*tz 9 ! ,th,lz41 #ahif1 #d2 ,haussleit] 9 ! ,?4 ,lbl41 no4 #i2 ,s*mi$el 9 ! ,l4 ,cbl41 no4 #cc2 ,e4 ,beurli]1 ,bull4 ,crit41 #ahif1 #cb1 p4 #fbc4 s#b4 ,bobi5sis1 a palimpse/ ( ! fif? or six? c5tury at ,vi5na1 conta9+ fragm5ts ( ,acts xxiii41 xxv4-xxviii41 & ( ,james & #a ,pet]4 x#a4 ,writt5 9 ! sev5? or eigh? c5tury1 conta9s ! ,acts ) ! exception ( xiv4 #bf-xv4 #cb4 ,! manuscript is pres]v$ at ,ox=d & is n completely publi%$4 w4 ,is ! symbol giv5 by ,blass to a pap] manuscript ( ! ,new ,te/am5t writt51 x seems1 9 ,bohemia 9 ! fifte5? c5tury1 & n[ at ,w]nig]ode4 ,9 ! ma9 x exhibits ,j]ome's text ev5 to a great] ext5t ?an p1 b pres]ves elem5ts ( ! ,old ,lat91 p>ticul>ly 9 ! latt] half ( ! ,acts4 ,! mixture is simil> to t obs]v$ 9 ! ,prov5al ,new ,te/am5t1#ih :i* is d]iv$ f a ,lat9 manuscript ( ?is nature1 & to t 9 ! pre-,lu!ran ,g]man ,bible4 7,see ,urt41 p4 #abg f47 ,on ,acts1 see especially ,p4 ,corss51 ,d] ,cyprianis*e ,text d] ,acta ,apo/olorum4 ,b]l91 #ahib4 #c4 ,,ca?olic ,,epi/les4 h m s4 ,z above4 ff4 ,corbei5sis1 at ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ( ! t5? c5tury1 conta9s ! ,epi/le ( ,james4 ,edit$ by ,bel%eim 9 ! ,!ologisk ,tidsskrift = d5 evangelisk-lu!rske ,kirke i ,norge 7,n4,s4 ,vol4 ix4 ,"p #b72 also by ,j4 ,wordswor?1 ,! ,corbey ,/4 ,james1 etc41 9 ,/udia ,biblica1 i4 pp4 #aac-aej4 ,ox=d1 #ahhe4 q4 ,writt5 9 ! sev5? c5tury1 & pres]v$ at ,muni*1 conta9s fragm5ts ( #a ,john1 & ( #a & #b ,pet]4 ,! text exhibits ! passage ( ! ,?ree ,heav5ly ,witnesses 9 #a ,john v41 b v]se #g foll[s v]se #h4 ,publi%$ by ,ziegl] 9 #ahgg1 ,bru*/cke e9] vorhi]onymianis*5 ,ueb]setzung d] ,petrusbriefe4 #d4 ,,paul9e ,,epi/les4 m4 ,z = ! ,gospels4 d e f g4 ,! ,lat9 v]sions ( ! ,greek ,codices ,d ,e ,f ,g4 gue4 ,guelf]bytanus1 ( ! six? c5tury1 conta9s fragm5ts ( ,romans cc4 xi4-xv41 f\nd 9 ! ,go?ic palimpse/ at ,wolf5bttel4 ,see p4 #fi4 ,publi%$ by ,tis*5dorf 9 8 ,anecdota ,sacra et ,pr(ana1 #ahee1 pp4 #aec-aeh4 ,see ,burkitt1 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 i4 #a 7,oct4 #ahii71 p4 #acd1 & comp>e ! note to p4 #aci 9 ! ,add5da1 p4 xv4 r4 ,writt5 9 ! fif? or six? c5tury1 came orig9ally f ,freis+1 & is n[ at ,muni*3 conta9s portions ( ,romans1 #a & #b ,cor9?ians1 ,galatians1 ,ephesians1 ,philippians1 #a ,timo?y1 & ,hebrews4 ,ziegl]1 ,italafragm5te d] paul9is*5 ,briefe4 ,m>burg1 #ahgf4 ,wlffl91 ,neue ,bru*/cke d] ,freis+] ,itala 7,mn*5] ,sitzungsb]i*te1 #ahic1 ii4 #bec-bhj74 r#b4 ,also at ,muni*1 a s+le leaf1 ) "p ( ,phil4 iv4 & ( #a ,!ss4 i4 r#c4 ,9 ! ,b5$ict9e ,abbey ( ,gttweih on ! ,danube3 fragm5ts ( ,romans v4 & vi4 & ( ,galatians iv4 & v41 writt5 on leaves us$ z a book cov]4 ,publi%$ by ,rns* 9 ! ,zfw,th41 xxii4 7#ahgi71 pp4 #bcd-bch4 x#b4 ,at ,ox=d1 ( ! n9? c5tury1 conta9s ! ,paul9e ,epi/les3 defective f ,heb4 xi4 #cd-xiii4 #be4 ,see also ,fr4 ,zimm]1 ,d] ,galat]brief im altlate9is*5 ,text1 als ,grundlage fr e95 textkritis*5 ,app>at d] ,vetus ,lat9a 9 ! ,!ologis*e ,/udi5 und ,skizz5 aus ,o/preuss54 ,knigsb]g1 i4 7#ahhg71 pp4 #a-ha4 #e4 ,,apocalypse4 ,! only manuscripts are m z = ! ,gospels1 & g & h z = ! ,acts1 h exhibits only fragm5ts ( cc4 i4 & ii41 viii4 & ix41 xi4 & xii41 & xiv4-xvi4 ,= ! ,old ,lat9 ,biblical ,texts edit$ by ,wordswor? & ,:ite1 see bel[1 p4 #aca4 ,sid5ote3 ,lat9 ,fa!rs4 ,on acc\nt ( ! small numb] ( ^! manuscripts ! quotations ( ! ,lat9 ,fa!rs are valuable1 especially ^? ( ,cyprian ( ,c>?age1#ii & aft] !m ! rec5tly discov]$ citations 9 ,priscillian1 :o 0 ! fir/ to suff] dea? z a h]etic 9 ! ye> #che4 ,9 ! ,apocalypse we h ! quotations ( ,primasius1 ,bi%op ( ,hadrumet 7ca4 #eej71 :o us$ 9 8 comm5t>y on ! ,apocalypse n only 8 own ,old ,lat9 ,bible b also a revis$ v]sion ! same z t us$ by ! ,african ,donati/ ,tyconius4 ,9 attempt+ to classify ^! witnesses x 0 f\nd t ! text ( c]ta9 manuscripts co9cid$ ) t ( ! ,bible us$ by ,cyprian--viz41 9 ! ,gospels k especially1 9 ,acts h1 & 9 ! ,apocalypse ,primasius & h4 ,?is family has accord+ly be5 designat$ ! ,african4 ,t]tullian1 a /ill e>li] ,african ,fa!r1 und\bt$ly ref]s to ! exi/5ce ( a ,lat9 ,v]sion 9 8 "t1 b ! quotations f\nd 9 8 ,lat9 works _c be tak5 into acc\nt1 = ?is reason1 t 9 cit+ ! ,new ,te/am5t he seems to h made an indep5d5t translation f ! ,greek = 8 imm$iate purpose4#ajj ,z = ! quotations 9 ,augu/9e1 !y are f\nd to resemble ! text ( f & q 9 ! ,gospels1 p>ticul>ly ! =m]1 & t ( q1 r1 & r#c 9 ! ,epi/les4 ,to ?is gr\p1 !re=e1 ! "n ,italian has be5 giv54 ,x has1 h[ev]1 be5 deem$ necess>y to reg>d ?is ,italian family z be+ itself a revis$ & smoo!r =m ( a /ill e>li] v]sion /yl$ ! ,european1 :i* is ?\ght to be repres5t$ by g1 g#b1 & s 9 ! ,acts1 by ff 9 ! ,epi/les1 & by g 9 ! ,apocalypse4 ,sid5ote3 ,old ,lat9 ,texts4 ,z illu/rat+ ! way 9 :i* ! v>i\s =ms deviate f ea* o!r1 take ! text ( ,luke xxiv41 v]ses #d1 #e1 #aa1 & #ac z exhibit$ by a b c d e f & ! ,vulgate 7vg74 v4 #d4--;,all ! sev5 agree 9 ! op5+ words1 ,et factum e/ dum2 b aft] t !re foll[s3-- 7#a7 /up]5t a c1 m5te con/]natae ess5t b1 vg2 m5te con/]natae sunt e1 apori>5tur d1 haesit>5t f4 7#b7 de hoc a c f1 de facto b1 de eo d1 de i/o e1 vg4 7#c7 ecce a c d f1 vg2 et ecce b e4 7#d7 viri duo a f1 duo viri b c d e1 vg4 7#e7 ad/it]unt a f1 a/it]unt c1 adsi/]unt d1 /et]unt b e1 vg4 7#f7 iuxta illas a f1 secus illas b c e1 vg2 eis d4 7#g7 9 ve/e fulg5ti a f1 vg2 9 ve/e fulg5te b c e1 9 amictu scoruscanti d4 7#h7 v4 #e3 timore autem adpreh5sae incl9antes faciem ad t]ram a2 cum tim]5t autem et decl9>5t vultum 9 t]ram b e f1 vg2 cont]ritae autem incl9av]unt faciem 9 t]ram c2 9 timore autem factae incl9av]unt vultus suos 9 t]ra d4 7#i7 v4 #aa3 et visa sunt a b c 7visae7 e f1 vg2 et p>u]unt d4 7#aj7 illis a1 ante illos b1 vg2 apud illos c e1 9 conspectu eorum d1 coram illos f4 7#aa7 tanquam a1 sicut b e1 vg2 quasi c d f4 7#ab7 delira a1 deliram5tum b e f1 vg2 7b spells -lirr-1 & f -l]-71 deliram5ta c1 d]issus d4 7#ac7 v4 #ac3 municipium a1 ca/ellum b c d e f1 vg4 7#ad7 /adios hab5tem ,,lx ab hi]usalem a1 quod ab]at /adia sexag9ta ab hi]usalem b1 quod abe/ ab i]osolymis /adia sexag4 c1 it] hab5tis /adios sexag4 ab hi]us4 d1 quod e/ ab hi]osolymis /adia septem e1 quod ab]at spatio /adiorum ,,lx ab hi]us4 f1 quod erat 9 spatio /adiorum sexag9ta ab hi]usalem vg4 7#ae7 cui nom5 a1 nom9e b c d e f1 vg4 7#af7 ammaus a1 cleopas et ammaus b1 emmaus c f1 vg2 alammaus d1 ammaus et cleopas e4 ,is n ?is almo/ exactly z ,j]ome said3 tot exempl>ia1 quot codices8 ,& :5 we take into acc\nt t all ?is v>iety 9 ! ,lat9 manuscripts is n simply due to a diff]5ce 9 translation1 b t a simil> div]sity exi/s 9 ! ,greek1#aja we c easily und]/& :at a task x is to extricate ! orig9al text f out ^! conflict+ witnesses4 ,at ! same "t1 we h evid5ce ( ! s+ul> position 9 :i* ,d /&s to all ! o!rs2 :ile ! la/ example also af=ds an illu/ration ( ! way 9 :i* mi/akes might arise4 ,! read+ 9 v]se #ac w\ld preclude any possibility ( misund]/&+4 ,b suppose ! read] or ! translator _h be=e him a manuscript l ,d1 9 :i* ! read+ 0 4 ,:at happ5$1 we %all suppose1 0 ?is4 ,! phrase1 8,emmaus by "n10 0 tak5 z ref]r+1 n to ! village1 b to ! subject ( ! s5t5ce2 ! o!r "n1 ,cleopas1 0 !n ins]t$ f v]se #ah1 & 9 "t plac$ ev5 be=e ,emmaus by a lat] copyi/4 ,& accord+ly we f9d1 ev5 9 ,ambrose ( ,milan1 t ! two travell]s are regul>ly call$ ,ammaon et ,cleopas4 ,x 0 j z ,j]ome said3 a vitiosis int]pretibus male edita1 a praesumptoribus imp]itis em5data p]v]sius1 a libr>iis dormitantibus aut addita aut mutata4 7#b47 ,,! ,,lat9 ,,v]sion ,,( ,,j]ome4 ,sid5ote3 ,codex ,ept]nac5sis4 ,x is a comp>atively easy task to re/ore ! "w ( ,j]ome2 fir/ ( all because all our pres5t manuscripts are d]iv$ f "o & only "o s\rce1 secondly because ! numb] ( exi/+ manuscripts is v great1 & la/ly because "s ( !m at lea/ g back to ! six? c5tury4 ,!re is a ,codex 9 ,p>is :i* =m]ly belong$ to ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,willibrord at ,e*t]na*1 writt5 by an ,iri% h& ( ! eigh? or n9? c5tury1 & conta9+ a subscription copi$ f its orig9al to ! foll[+ effect3 proem5davi ut potui secundum codicem 9 biblio!ca ,eugipi praespit]i quem f]unt fuisse sci ,hi]onymi1 indictione ,,vi4 p7o/7 con7sulatum7 ,bassilii u4 c4 anno septimo decimo4 ,t mu/ h be5 9 ! ye> #eeh4 ,sid5ote3 ,codex ,amiat9us4 ,codex ,amiat9us1 n[ 9 ,flor5ce1 0 =m]ly suppos$ to belong to ! same "t1 b ?is turns out to be a mi/ake1 because x has be5 prov$ t x 0 writt5 = ,ceolfrid1 ,abbot ( ,we>m\?1 :o di$ at ,langres on ! #be? ,septemb] #gaf1 on 8 way to ,rome1 :]e he int5d$ to pres5t ?is ,codex to ! ,pope4 ,sid5ote3 ,codex ,fuld5sis4 ,"o ( ! olde/ & mo/ valuable manuscripts ( ! ,vulgate is at ,fulda1 :]e x has be5 pres]v$1 p]haps1 f ! "t ( ,boniface4 ,?is ,codex ,fuld5sis 0 writt5 betwe5 #edj & #edf1 by ord] ( ,bi%op ,victor ( ,capua1 & correct$ by himself4 ,x conta9s ! :ole ( ! ,new ,te/am5t accord+ to ,j]ome's v]sion1 only 9 place ( ! f\r sep>ate ,gospels x has a ,h>mony compos$ by ,victor1 :o foll[$ ,tatian's plan1 us+ ! ,lat9 text ( ,j]ome4 ,victor's ,h>mony 9 turn became ! basis ( ! s-call$ ,old ,g]man ,tatian4 ,sid5ote3 ,wordswor? & ,:ite4 ,! task ( re/or+ ! orig9al text ( ,j]ome's v]sion has be5 und]tak5 9 ,engl& by ! ,bi%op ( ,salisbury1 :o has be5 at "w on all ! available mat]ial = m ?an fifte5 ye>s4 ,! edition be>s ! title1 ,novum ,te/am5tum ,dom9i no/ri ,jesu ,*ri/i secundum editionem sancti ,hi]onymi ad codicum manuscriptorum fidem rec5suit ,johannes ,wordswor? 9 op]is societatem adsumpto ,h5rico ,juliano ,:ite4 ,five p>ts ( ! fir/ volume h already appe>$1 conta9+ ! f\r ,gospels ) an ,epilogus ad ,evangelia4#ajb ,9 ,france1 ,j4 ,delisle1 ! ,director ( ! ,p>is ,national ,libr>y1 has r5d]$ great s]vice by 8 "w ^u ! manuscripts "u 8 c>e2 :ile ,samuel ,b]g] has con/itut$ himself pre-em95tly ! hi/orian ( ! ,vulgate by br++ fre% te/imony f ! e>ly ,middle ,ages & ! remote/ prov9ces ( ! ,*ur* to be> ^u ! hi/ory ( ! ,vulgate & its text z well z on ! orig9 & dissem9ation ( ! diff]5t =ms4 ,9 8 comp5di\s ,hi/oire de la ,vulgate p5dant les premi]s sicles du moy5 ge 7,p>is1 #ahic71 he has1 e4g41 indicat$ no few] ?an #bab diff]5t ways 9 :i* ! books ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 7 arrang$ 9 ! manuscripts t he exam9$1 & ?irty-eight v>ieties 9 ! ord] ( ! ,new ,te/am5t books4 ,9 ,g]many ,b5gel appli$ himself to ! recon/ruction ( ! ,lat9 text ( ! ,bible 9 ! la/ c5tury1 & 9 ?is he 0 foll[$ by ,la*mann 9 ! pres5t c5tury1 :ile ,riegl]1 van ,ess1 & ,kaul5 h add$ to our k ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,vulgate4 ,dr4 ,pet] ,corss5 has foll[$ up ! lab\rs ( ,ziegl] & ,rns* 9 ! p>ticul> field ( ! pre-,j]omic ,bible & its text ) a me?odical exam9ation ( ! e>li] editions1 & ,e4 v4 ,dobs*tz has begun to publi% ,/udies 9 ! ,textual ,criticism ( ! ,vulgate4 ,! valuable rese>*es ( ,c>lo ,v]cellone 7#ahfj-fd7 7 conc]n$ almo/ exclusively ) ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & d n seem to h be5 foll[$ up 9 ,italy4 8,ut9am ,papa ,leo ,,xiii410 says ,gregory1 8tanta sci5tia tanta magnanimitate insignis curam 9 se suscipiat textus sacrosanctorum ,bibliorum ,lat9i ed5di2 cura1 opus ecclesia et ,papa dignum40 ,mean:ile ,wordswor? & ,:ite appe> to h accompli%$ z mu* z is possible at pres5t 9 ! field ( ! ,gospels4#ajc ,sid5ote3 ,,mss4 us$ by ,j]ome4 ,! pr9ciples on :i* ,j]ome w5t 9 8 revision ( ! text h be5 already ref]r$ to1 b :at ! e>ly ,greek manuscripts 7 t he employ$ is n yet cle>ly made out4 ,! relics ( ! mat]ial he us$ are z scanty z ^? ( 8 own "w4 ,he mu/1 h[ev]1 h be5 able to make use ( manuscripts t w5t back to ,eusebius1 see+ t he adopt$ ! ,eusebian ,canons 9 8 ,new ,te/am5t4 ,b !re are c]ta9 read+s 9 ,j]ome :i* we h n yet be5 able to discov] 9 any ,greek manuscript t we "k4 ,= in/ance1 he gives docebit vos omnem v]itatem 9 ,john xvi4 #ac1 :]e our pres5t ,greek editions read 1 s t he w\ld seem to h read 4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ?is read+ does occur 9 two passages ( ,eusebius & 9 ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 z well z 9 ! ,arabic v]sion ( ,tatian1 b x has n be5 discov]$ 9 any ,greek manuscript4#ajd ,9 ! o!r p>ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! revision ( :i* 0 p]haps complet$ by ! ye> #chf1 ,j]ome ins]t$ h>dly any new read+s f ! ,greek1 b cont5t$ himself ) improv+ ! gramm> & diction ( ! ,lat94 ,8 "w on ! ,old ,te/am5t 0 mu* m compreh5sive1 b does n fall to be discuss$ "h4 ,sid5ote3 ,hi/ory ( ! ,vulgate4 ,x 0 only by degrees t ,j]ome's rec5sion ga9$ gr\nd4 ,9 ,rome1 ,gregory ! ,great 7d4 #fjd7 = "o pref]r$ x to ! old1 ?\gh at ! same "t he says expressly3 s$es apo/olica1 cui auctore ,deo praesideo1 utraque utitur4 ,sid5ote3 ,alcu94 ,ow+ to ! use ( bo? =ms ! div]sity ( copies grew to su* an ext5t t 9 #gig ,*>les ! ,great ord]$ ,alcu9 to make a uni=mly revis$ text f ! be/ ,lat9 manuscripts = use 9 ! ,*ur*es ( 8 ,empire4 ,= ?is purpose ,alcu9 s5t to 8 native ,nor?umbria = manuscripts1 by :i* he correct$ ! text ( ! ,bible1 & he 0 able to pres5t ! fir/ copy to ! ,emp]or at ,*ri/mas #hja4 ,a good _m ( ! sup]b ,c>ol+ian manuscripts1 z !y are call$1 :i* are f\nd 9 our libr>ies1 conta9 ,alcu9's ,revision1 z = in/ance ! ,bible ( ,gr&val ne> ,basel1 :i* 0 probably writt5 = ,*>les ! ,bald1 & :i* is n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7see ,plate ,,vii472 ! ,bible pres5t$ to ! same mon>* by ,vivian1 ,abbot ( ,/4 ,m>t9 ( ,t\rs1 :i* 0 s5t by ! ,*apt] ( ,metz f ! ,ca!dral treasury !re to ,colb]t 9 #afge1 & is n[ 9 ,p>is 7,b4 ,n41 ,lat4 #a72 ano!r writt5 9 ! same mona/]y ( ,/4 ,m>t91 & n[ at ,bamb]g2 & t 9 ! ,vallicellian ,libr>y ( ! ,*ur* ( ,/a4 ,m>ia 9 ,rome1 :i* is p]haps ! be/ specim5 ( ! ,alcu9ian ,bible4 ,sid5ote3 ,!odulf4 ,ano!r revision 0 introduc$ into ,france by ,alcu9's contempor>y ,!odulf1 ,bi%op ( ,orleans 7#ghg-hba74 ,he 0 a ,visigo?1 born 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,n>bonne1 & ! type ( text he introduc$ 0 tak5 ess5tially f ,spani% manuscripts4 ,we h 8 revision 9 ! s-call$ ,!odulfian ,bible1 :i* =m]ly belong$ to ! ,ca!dral ,*ur* ( ,orleans1 & is n[ 9 ,p>is 7,lat4 #ichj72 9 its companion volume1 =m]ly 9 ! ,ca!dral ( ,puy1 & n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum 7#bdadb72 & 9 ! ,bible ( ,/4 ,hub]t1 :i* came f ! mona/]y ( t "n 9 ! ,ard5nes4 ,sid5ote3 ,h>d+4 ,a fur!r revision 0 made by ,/eph5 ,h>d+1 ?ird ,abbot ( ,citeaux4 ,ab\t ! ye> #aaji he prep>$ a /&>d ,bible = 8 congregation1 9 :i* ! ,lat9 text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 correct$ by ! ,greek4 ,at ! same "t ! ,old ,te/am5t 0 revis$ f ! ,hebrew ) ! help ( "s ,jewi% s*ol>s4 ,h>d+'s copy ( ! /&>d ,bible1 9 f\r volumes1 is /ill pres]v$ 9 ! ,public ,libr>y at ,dijon4 ,a simil> "w 0 done = 8 mona/]y by ,william1 ,abbot ( ,hirsau4 ,sid5ote3 ,correctoria4 ,attempts 7 also made to settle ! text by means ( ! s-call$ ,correctoria ,bibliorum1 9 :i* ^? read+s :i* 7 suppos$ to be correct 7 c>efully collect$ & arrang$4 ,! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is 9 p>ticul> did a great deal 9 ?is way1 & su* 0 its influ5ce1 t by ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury ! ,p>isian text 0 ! "o mo/ commonly foll[$ 9 manuscripts1 & ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ gave x a complete asc5dancy ov] ! o!rs4 ,sid5ote3 ,pr9t$ text4 ,! fir/ fruits ( ! pr9t+ press are und]/ood to be ! undat$ 8=ty-two l9e ,bible10 usually call$ ! ,maz>9 ,bible1 see+ t x 0 ! copy 9 ! libr>y ( ,c>d9al ,maz>9 t fir/ attract$ ! att5tion ( bibliograph]s4 ,! fir/ dat$ ,bible is ( ! ye> #adfb4 ,cop+] e/imates t #abd editions 7 pr9t$ be=e ! close ( ! fifte5? c5tury1 & ov] #djj dur+ ! sixte5?4 ,! fir/ edition 9 octavo1 8= ! poor man10 0 issu$ at ,basel 9 #adia f ! ,press ( ,frob51 ! same pr9t] :o prompt$ ,erasmus to prep>e ! fir/ ,greek ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! fir/ edition 9 ,lat9 ) v>i\s read+s 0 pr9t$ 9 #aejd4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye> ,erasmus publi%$ ! ,annotationes :i* ,laur5tius ,valla _h prep>$ = ! ,lat9 ,bible z e>ly z #addd4 ,! ye> #aebh saw ! fir/ really critical edition4 ,x 0 br\ght out by ,/eph51 :o us$ 9 its prep>ation ?ree good ,p>is manuscripts--! ,bible ( ,*>les ! ,bald already ref]r$ to1 t ( ,/4 ,d5is1 & ano!r ( ! n9? c5tury1 ! ,new ,te/am5t portion ( :i* has n[ disappe>$4 ,he aft]w>ds publi%$ 9 #aech-dj ano!r edition1 = :i* he employ$ sev5te5 manuscripts1 & :i* became ! f\ndation ( ! pres5t au?oris$ ,vulgate4 ,sid5ote3 ,h5t54 ,ab\t ! same "t ,john ,h5t5 publi%$ a v valuable edition #aedg on ! basis ( ?irty-"o manuscripts1 9 ! prep>ation ( :i* he 0 assi/$ by ! !ologians ( ,l\va94 ,?is 0 foll[$ 9 #aegc & #aehj by two fur!r editions conta9+ important annotations by ,lucas ( ,brgge4 ,sid5ote3 ,au?oris$ ,vulgate4 ,9 ! ye> previ\s to t 9 :i* ,h5t5's edition appe>$1 ! ,c\ncil ( ,tr5t1 9 its f\r? sitt+ ( ! #h? ,april #aedf1 decid$ 8ut haec vetus et vulgata editio 9 publicis lectionibus1 disputationibus1 pra$icationibus et expositionibus pro au!ntica habeatur10 & at ! same "t orda9$ 8po/hac sacra scriptura1 potissimum v]o haec ipsa vetus et vulgata editio quam em5datissime imprimatur40 ,sid5ote3 ,sixt9e4 ,! latt] "p ( ?is decree 0 c>ri$ into effect 9 ! papacy ( ,sixtus ,v4 ,8 pr$ecessor1 ,pius ,v41 began ! "w ( revis+ ! text ( ! ,bible1 & a 8,congregatio pro em5datione ,bibliorum0 gave tw5ty-six sitt+s to x 9 ! ye> #aefi4 ,8 successor seems to h all[$ ! "w to lapse1 b ,sixtus ,v4 appo9t$ a new commission = ! purpose "u ! ,presid5cy ( ,c>d9al ,c>affa4 ,! ,pope himself revis$ ! result ( _! lab\rs1 :i* 0 pr9t$ at ! ,vatican ,press t he _h f\nd$4 ,?is edition1 :i* takes its "n f him1 0 issu$ "u ! ,bull 8,aet]nus ille0 ( ! #a/ ,m>* #aehi1 & publi%$ 9 ! foll[+ ye>4 ,x is ! fir/ (ficial edition ( ! ,vulgate4 ,sixtus di$ on ! #bg? ,augu/ #aeij1 & 0 succe$$ by f\r ,popes 9 ! space ( two ye>s4 ,sid5ote3 ,clem5t9e4 ,8 f\r? successor 9 ! ,*air ( ,pet]1 ,clem5t ,,viii41 issu$ a new edition "u ! "n ( ! old ,pope1 accompani$ by ! ,bull 8,cum sacrorum0 ( ! #i? ,novemb] #aeib4 ,?is edition1 conta9+ a preface writt5 by ,c>d9al ,bell>m91 0 sub/itut$ = ! =m]1 & has cont9u$ f t day )\t any alt]ation z ! au?oris$ ,bible ( ! entire ,roman ,*ur*4 ,! text ( ?is second edition approximat$ m closely to t ( ,h5t51 = :i* ! ,commission ( ,pope ,sixtus _h also express$ _! pref]5ce1 ?\gh _! pr9t$ edition w5t r by t ( ,/eph54 ,! numb] ( ! v>iations betwe5 ^! two editions has be5 e/imat$ at #cjjj4 ,= our purpose bo? alike are sup]s$$ by ! edition ( ,wordswor? & ,:ite4 ,x may be add$ t ! fir/ edition to conta9 ! names ( bo? ! ,popes ^u ! title page is t ( #afjd4 ,! title runs3 8,sixti ,v4 ,pont4 ,max4 iussu recognita et ,clem5tis ,,viii4 auctoritate edita40 ,^? pr9t$ at ,rome at ! pres5t day are entitl$3 8,sixti ,v4 et ,clem5tis ,,viii4 ,pontt4 ,maxx4 iussu recognita atque edita40 ,see bel[1 p4 #acb4 ,an enum]ation ( all ! manuscripts ( ! ,vulgate m5tion$ by ,tis*5dorf 9 8 eigh? edition1 or ev5 ( ! e>lie/ & mo/ important ( !m1 _c be attempt$4 ,^?1 h[ev]1 m5tion$ by ,gebh>dt 9 8 ,adnotatio ,critica are giv5 "h1 ) ! notation adopt$ by ,wordswor? & ,:ite4 ,! be/ manuscripts1 9 ! judgm5t ( ! ,engli% editors1 are ,codex ,amiat9us1 ,codex ,fuld5sis1 & ! "o 9 ! ,ambrosian ,libr>y at ,milan 7,c #ci inf471 writt5 9 ! six? c5tury4 7,m 9 ,w4-,w42 n cit$ by ,tis*5dorf47 am4 ,amiat9us 7vide supra1 p4 #abb71 writt5 ca4 #gjj1 is an excell5t manuscript1 & p>ticul>ly int]e/+ z conta9+ 9 ! introduction a d\ble catalogue ( ! ,books ( ! ,bible resembl+ t ( ! ,s5ator ,cassiodorus4 ,see ,we/cott1 ,bible 9 ! ,*ur*1 ,app5dix ,b2 ,canon1 ,app5dix ,d4 7,a 9 ,w4-,w47 7,see ,plate ,,vi47 bodl4 ,bodleianus1 ( ! sev5? c5tury1 =m]ly belong+ to ! ,libr>y ( ,/4 ,augu/9e at ,cant]bury4 7,o 9 ,w4-,w47 demid4 ,demidovianus1 belong+ to ! ?irte5? c5tury1 b copi$ f an e>li] exempl>2 =m]ly at ,lyons2 pres5t locality unkn[n2 n cit$ 9 ,w4-,w4 em4 ,em]am1 writt5 9 ! ye> #hgj1 9 gold uncials ) spl5did m9iatures3 at ,muni*1 ,cimelie #ee3 n cit$ 9 ,w4-,w4 erl4 ,erlang51 ( ! n9? c5tury 7,irmis*]'s ,catalogue1 #dfg73 us$ only indirectly by ,tis*5dorf1 & n cit$ 9 ,w4-,w4 =4 ,=oiuli5sis1 writt5 9 ! six? or sev5? c5tury1 & n[ at ,cividale1 ,friuli3 fragm5ts ( x at ,v5ice & ,prague4 7,j 9 ,w4-,w47 fos4 ,( ! n9? c5tury3 f ,/4 ,maur des ,fosss1 n[ 9 ,p>is4 7,lat4 #aaiei47 fu4 ,fuld5sis 7vide supra1 p4 #abb71 writt5 betwe5 #edj & #edf3 conta9s ! ,epi/le to ! ,laodicaeans aft] ,colossians3 edit$ ) facsimiles by ,e4 ,ranke4 7,f 9 ,w4-,w47 gat4 ,gatianus1 f ,/4 ,gati5's 9 ,t\rs3 writt5 9 ! eigh? or n9? c5tury3 /ol5 f ,libri3 pur*as$ by ,"l ,a%burnham & n[ 9 ,p>is3 n cit$ 9 ,w4-,w4 h>l4 ,h>leianus #agge1 ( ! six? or sev5? c5tury3 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 =m]ly 9 ,p>is #dehb3 /ol5 f !re by ,john ,aymont 9 #agjg4 7,z 9 ,w4-,w47 +4 ,+ol/adt1 ( ! sev5? c5tury1 n[ 9 ! ,univ]sity ,libr>y at ,muni*3 defective4 7,i 9 ,w4-,w47 ,see von ,dobs*tz1 ,vulgata/udi5 7) two facsimiles74 mm4 ,( ! t5? or elev5? c5tury1 f ,m>m\ti]s1 ne> ,t\rs3 9 ! ,briti% ,museum1 ,eg]ton #fji4 7,e 9 ,w4-,w47 mt4 ,( ! eigh? or n9? c5tury1 f ,/4 ,m>t9's1 & /ill at ,t\rs3 writt5 9 gold lett]s4 7,m1 9 ,w4-,w47 pe4 ,a v old purple manuscript ( ! six? c5tury at ,p]ugia1 conta9+ ,luke i4 #a-xii4 #g4 7,p 9 ,w4-,w47 prag4 ,! fragm5ts cit$ "u =4 7see above74 reg4 ,regius1 ( ! sev5? or eigh? c5tury1 a purple manuscript inscrib$ 9 gold1 conta9+ ,mat!w & ,m>k1 ) lacun3 at ,p>is #aaiee3 n cit$ 9 ,w4-,w4 rus4 ,! s-call$ ,ru%wor? ,gospels1 writt5 by an ,iri% scribe :o di$ 9 ! ye> #hbj3 has an int]l9e> ,anglo-,saxon v]sion4 7,r 9 ,w4-,w47 san4 ,at ,/4 ,gall1 a fragm5t conta9+ ,mat!w vi4 #ba-;,john xvii4 #ah1 writt5 by a scribe :o says t he us$ two ,lat9 & "o ,greek manuscripts4 ,9 ! ,epi/les san4 is a palimpse/ at ,/4 ,gall conta9+ ,ephes4 vi4 #b to #a ,tim4 ii4 #e1 ! ,biblical text be+ ! upp]mo/4 taur4 ,( ! sev5? c5tury1 at ,tur91 conta9s ! ,gospels beg9n+ at ,mat!w xiii4 #cd3 n cit$ 9 ,w4-,w4 tol4 ,writt5 9 ! eigh? c5tury3 ?is manuscript1 :i* 0 writt5 by a ,visigo?1 0 giv5 by ,s]v&us ( ,seville to ,john1 ,bi%op ( ,cordova1 :o pres5t$ x to ! ,see ( ,seville 9 #ihh3 x 0 aft]w>ds at ,tol$o1 & is n[ at ,madrid4 ,x 0 collat$ = ! ,sixt9e ,rec5sion by ,palom>es1 b rea*$ ,rome too late to be ( use4 7,t 9 ,w4-,w47 ,9 addition to ! elev5 manuscripts m5tion$ above z cit$ by ,wordswor? & ,:ite1 tw5ty-"o o!rs are regul>ly us$ by !m1 & a great numb] are cit$ occasionally4 ,= ^! ref]5ce mu/ be made to _! edition1 & = fur!r p>ticul>s to ,b]g]'s incomp>able "w4 ,on ! ,lat9 ,v]sions comp>e ,ti,gr41 #idh-aajh1 #acac1 & especially ,scriv5]4 ,! *apt] on ,! ,lat9 ,v]sions 9 ! ,f\r? ,edition ( ! latt] "w 7c4 iii47 0 re-writt5 by ,h4 ,j4 ,:ite1 ! collaborateur ( ,wordswor?4 ,see also ,urt41 #he-aah1 :i* deals ) ! ,old ,te/am5t z well1 & ! article on ! ,old ,lat9 ,v]sions 9 ,ha/+s' ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 iii4 #dg-fb4 #a4 ,g4 ,riegl]1 ,kritis*e ,ges*i*te d] ,vulgata1 ,sulzba*1 #ahbj2 ,lean4 van ,ess1 ,pragmatis*-kritis*e ,ges*i*te d] ,vulgata im ,allgeme95 und zun*/ 9 ,beziehung auf das ,tri5tis*e ,decret1 ,tb+51 #ahbd2 ,kaul51 ,ges*i*te d] ,vulgata1 ,ma9z1 #ahfh2 ,b]g]1 ,hi/oire de la ,vulgate p5dant les premi]s sicles du moy5 ge1 ,p>is1 #ahic 7,li/ ( ! *ief works deal+ ) ! hi/ory ( ! ,vulgate giv5 on p4 xxii4 ff474 #b4 ,on ! subject ( ! ,itala see ,ziegl]1 ,die ,late9is*5 ,bibelb]setzung5 vor ,hi]onymus und die ,itala des ,augu/9us1 ,muni*1 #ahgi2 ,zy*a1 ,bem]kung5 zur ,italafrage1 9 ! ,eranos ,v9dobon5sis1 #ahic1 #agg-ahd2 ,burkitt1 ,! ,old ,lat9 & ! ,itala 7,texts & ,/udies1 vol4 iv41 ,no4 #c1 #ahif74 #c4 ,on ! language see ,rns* 7d4 #ahhh71 ,itala und ,vulgata1 #bnd ,edition1 #ahge2 also ,die lte/5 late9is*5-,bibelb]setzung5 na* ihrem ,w]! fr die late9is*e ,spra*wiss5s*aft1 by ! same writ] 9 ! ,collectanea ,philologa1 ,brem51 #ahia1 #a-bj2 ,kaul51 ,h&bu* zur ,vulgata1 ,e9e sy/ematis*e ,d>/ellung ihres ,spra**>akt]s1 ,ma9z1 #ahgj4 ,saalfeld1 ,de ,bibliorum ,s4 ,vulgat ,editionis ,graecitate1 ,qu$l9burg1 #ahia4 #d4 ,editions ( ! ,text3--,among ! e>li] works ! mo/ important is t ( ,sabati]1 :i* is n yet sup]s$$1 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t at lea/1 ,bibliorum sacrorum ,lat9 ,v]siones antiqu1 seu ,vetus ,italica1 et ct] qucunque 9 codicibus ,,mss4 et antiquorum libris rep]iri potu]unt1 etc41 op]a et /udio ,d4 ,petri ,sabati]1 #c vols4 folio1#aje ,rheims1 #agdc4 ,jos4 ,bian*9i 7,blan*9us71 ,evangeli>ium ,quadruplex1 #b vols4 folio1 ,rome1 #agdi 7copies n[ co/ ab\t #d74 ,aft] a long int]val "w 9 ?is field has be5 resum$ 9 ! ,old ,lat9 ,biblical ,texts1 publi%$ at ! ,cl>5don ,press1 ,ox=d1 ( :i* f\r p>ts h appe>$3--#a4 ,! ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,mat!w f ! ,/4 ,g]ma9 ,,ms4 7g#a71 n[ numb]$ ,lat4 #aaeec 9 ! ,national ,libr>y at ,p>is1 ) ,introduction & five ,app5dices1 edit$ by ,john ,wordswor?1 ,d4,d41 #ahhc 7#f_/-74 #b4 ,portions ( ! ,gospels accord+ to ,/4 ,m>k & ,/4 ,mat!w f ! ,bobbio ,,ms4 7k71 n[ numb]$ ,g4 ,,vii4 #ae 9 ! ,national ,libr>y at ,tur91 toge!r ) o!r fragm5ts ( ! ,gospels f six ,,mss4 9 ! ,libr>ies ( ,/4 ,gall1 ,coire1 ,milan1 & ,b]ne 7usually cit$ z n1 o1 p1 a#b1 s1 & t74 ,edit$1 ) ! aids ( ,tis*5dorf's ,transcripts & ! pr9t$ ,texts ( ,ranke1 ,c]iani1 & ,hag51 ) two facsimiles1 by ,j4 ,wordswor?1 ,d4,d41 444 ,w4 ,s&ay1 ,d4,d41 444 & ,h4 ,j4 ,:ite1 ,m4,a41 #ahhf 7#ba_/-74 #c4 ,! ,f\r ,gospels1 f ! ,muni* ,,ms4 7q71 n[ numb]$ ,lat4 #fbbd 9 ! ,royal ,libr>y at ,muni*1 ) a ,fragm5t f ,/4 ,john 9 ! ,h(-,biblio!k at ,vi5na 7,cod4 ,lat4 #ejb74 ,edit$1 ) ! aid ( ,tis*5dorf's ,transcript 7"u ! direction ( ! ,bi%op ( ,salisbury71 by ,h4 ,j4 ,:ite1 ,m4,a41 #ahhh 7#ab_/f74 #d4 ,portions ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 ( ! ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,james1 & ( ! ,fir/ ,epi/le ( ,/4 ,pet] f ! ,bobbio ,palimpse/ 7s71 n[ numb]$ ,cod4 #af 9 ! ,imp]ial ,libr>y at ,vi5na4 ,edit$1 ) ! aid ( ,tis*5dorf's & ,bel%eim's pr9t$ ,texts1 by ,h4 ,j4 ,:ite1 ,m4,a41 ) a ,facsimile1 #ahig 7#e_/-74 7,see notice 9 ! ,expository ,times1 ,april #ahih1 p4 #cbj ff47 #e4 ,wordswor? & ,:ite's edition ( ! ,vulgate is notic$ by ,b]g] 9 ! ,bull4 ,crit41 #ahii1 viii4 #ada-add4 ,x may be add$ "h1 z t critic obs]ves1 t insuffici5t reg>d is paid to ! lat] hi/ory ( ! ,lat9 text 9 ?is edition4 ,at lea/ "o repres5tative ( a rec5sion s important z t ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,p>is 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury might h be5 collat$1 & p]haps also ! fir/ pr9t$ edition1 8! =ty-two l9e0 ,bible4 ,on ! au?oris$ edition ( #aeij & #aeib1 see ,eb4 ,ne/le1 ,e9 ,jubilum d] late9is*5 ,bibel4 ,zum #i ,novemb] #ahib1 9 ,m>g9ali5 und ,mat]iali51 #ahic2 also pr9t$ sep>ately4 ,an exact repr9t ( ! ,lat9 ,vulgate has rec5tly be5 publi%$ by ,m4 ,hetz5au] f 8 ,greek-,lat9 ,new ,te/am5t 7see above1 p4 #be71 entitl$ ,novum ,te/am5tum ,vulgatae ,editionis4 ,ex ,vaticanis ,editionibus e>umque ,correctorio critice edidit ,mi*ael ,hetz5au]4 ,o5iponte1 #ahii4 ,z an introduction to ?is edition ref]5ce may be made to ! same writ]'s ,wes5 und ,pr9cipi5 d] ,bibelkritik auf ka?olis*] ,grundlage4 ,unt] besond]] ,b]cksi*tigung d] (fziell5 ,vulgataausgabe d>gelegt4 ,innsbruck1 #aijj4 7c47 ,,egyptian ,,v]sions4 ,next 9 importance to ! ,syriac v]sions f ! ,ea/ & ! ,lat9 f ! ,we/ are ! ,egyptian v]sions f ! ,s\?4 ,"h too we f9d n "o e>ly v]sion b sev]al4 ,sid5ote3 ,dialects4 ,:at us$ till lately to be call$ ,coptic#ajf is m]ely "o ( ! dialects into :i* ! language ( anci5t ,egypt 0 divid$4 ,& "h we mu/ di/+ui% ?ree ma9 bran*es--! ,bohairic1 ! ,sahidic1 & ! ,middle ,egyptian4 ,sid5ote3 ,bohairic4 7#a7 ,bohairic#ajg is ! "n giv5 to ! dialect t 0 spok5 9 ! ,bohaira--i4e4 ! di/rict by ! sea & !re=e ,l[] ,egypt1 ! neighb\rhood ( ,alex&ria4 ,x 0 ! pr9cipal dialect1 & be+ t us$ = ecclesia/ical purposes ov] ! :ole c\ntry1 &1 moreov]1 t ) :i* ,european s*ol>s fir/ became acqua9t$1 ! v]sions writt5 9 x 7 describ$ z ! ,coptic simply4 ,! t]m ,memphitic1 :i* 0 pref]r$ = a "t1 is incorrect1 because x 0 n till ! elev5? c5tury t ! ,patri>*ate 0 transf]r$ to ,cairo--i4e4 ! di/rict ( ,memphis1 & 9 e>ly times a diff]5t dialect 0 spok5 !re4 ,sid5ote3 ,sahidic4 7#b7 ,sahidic is ! "n us$ to describe ! dialect ( ,upp] ,egypt4 ,x is sometimes & n improp]ly spok5 ( z ! ,!baic 9 di/9ction to ! ,memphitic4 ,sid5ote3 ,middle ,egyptian4 7#c7 ,"u ! ,middle ,egyptian#ajh we h to di/+ui%-- 7a7 ,! ,fayumic1 spok5 9 ! ,fayum--i4e4 ! di/rict to ! ,s4,w4 ( ! ,delta1 wat]$ by ! ,joseph ,canal1 & sep>at$ f ! valley ( ! ,nile by a n>r[ /rip ( ! des]t4 ,x 0 9 ?is di/rict t ^? rec5t papyrus discov]ies 7 made :i* h enri*$ ! libr>ies & museums ( ,europe4 7b7 ,! ,middle ,egyptian prop]1 or ,l[] ,sahidic1 a dialect :i* has its home on ! site ( anci5t ,memphis4 7c7 ,! dialect ( ,a*mim1 :i* pres]ves a m primitive =m ( e>ly ,egyptian ?an any ( ^? already ref]r$ to4 ,9 ! elev5? c5tury ! ,coptic ,bi%op ,a?anasius specifies ?ree dialects ( ! ,coptic language--! ,bohairic1 ! ,sahidic1 & a ?ird :i* he says 0 already ext9ct1 & to :i* he gives ! "n ( ,ba%muric2 b :e!r ?is la/ is to be id5tifi$ ) ! dialects includ$ above "u ! "n ( ,middle ,egyptian1 is n q c]ta94 7#a47 ,! ,bohairic ,v]sion4 ,sid5ote3 ,bohairic4 ,?is v]sion1 =m]ly designat$ z ! ,coptic1 0 fir/ us$ = ! ,new ,te/am5t by ,bi%op ,fell ( ,ox=d1 :o 0 indebt$ = 8 k ( x to ,m>%all4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds employ$ by ,mill = 8 edition ( #agjg4 ,x 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 #agaf by ,wilk9s 7or r ,wilke71 a ,prussian :o _h settl$ 9 ,engl&1 ) ! title1 8,novum ,te/am5tum ,aegyptium vulgo ,copticum40 ,8 edition 0 accompani$ ) a ,lat9 translation4 ,9 #agcd ,b5gel obta9$ a few p>ticul>s reg>d+ ?is v]sion f ,la ,croze1 ! ,b]l9 ,libr>ian4 ,an edition ( ! ,gospels by ,moritz ,s*w>tze appe>$ 9 #ahdf-dg1 & aft] 8 dea? ! ,acts & ,epi/les 7 publi%$ 7#aheb7 by ,paul ,boetti*]1 aft]w>ds di/+ui%$ "u 8 adopt$ "n ( de ,lag>de4 ,ab\t ! same "t ,tattam prep>$ a :olly uncritical edition ( ! entire ,new ,te/am5t1 includ+ ! ,apocalypse :i* did n orig9ally =m "p ( ?is v]sion4#aji ,/e9dorff is ( op9ion t ! ,bohairic v]sion orig9at$ 9 ! ,natron ,valley dur+ ! f\r? or fif? c5tury1 b o!rs affirm t x is old]1 or at all ev5ts re/s on an old] f\ndation4 ,! ord] ( ! ,new ,te/am5t books 0 orig9ally3 7#a7 ! ,gospels1 9 :i* ,john /ood fir/1 foll[$ by ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 7#b7 ! ,paul9e ,epi/les1 ) ,hebrews betwe5 #b ,!ss4 & #a ,tim41 7#c7 ! sev5 ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 & 7#d7 ! ,acts4 ,m ?an fifty ,bohairic manuscripts are pres]v$ 9 ! libr>ies ( ,europe1 & f ^! an edition has be5 prep>$ = ! ,cl>5don ,press 9 two volumes1 ) exhau/ive ,introduction by ,g4 ,horn] 7#ahih74 ,! ,greek text on :i* ?is v]sion is bas$ is reg>d$ by pres5t critics z p>ticul>ly pure1 & free f s-call$ ,we/]n additions4 7#b47 ,! ,sahidic ,v]sion4 ,sid5ote3 ,sahidic4 ,x 0 a long "t be=e ?is v]sion attract$ any att5tion4 ,9 8 ,new ,te/am5t1 ,wilk9s m5tion$ two manuscripts1 8l+ua plane a reliquis ,,mss4 ,copticis div]sa10 & ,woide 9 #aggh ann\nc$ 8 int5tion ( edit+ c]ta9 fragm5ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 8iuxta int]pretationem sup]ioris ,aegypti quae ,!baidica vocatur10 :i* 7 aft]w>ds publi%$ by ,=d 9 #agii4 ,at ! close ( la/ c5tury & ! beg9n+ ( ?is1 v>i\s o!r fragm5ts 7 issu$ by ,tuki1 ,m+>elli1 ,mnt]1 ,zoega1 & ,engelbre?1 b x 0 n till m rec5t times t really important p>ts ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts 7 publi%$ by ,aml9eau1 ,ciasca 79 two vols471 ,b\riant1 ,masp]o1 ,ceugney1 & ,krall4 ,9 #ahie ,g\ss5 gave u a l>ge "p ( ! ,apocalypse4#aaj ,?is v]sion1 l ! =m]1 conta9$ ! entire ,new ,te/am5t1 ) ! exception ( ! ,apocalypse1 & orig9ally exhibit$ ! ,gospels 9 ! same ord]--,john1 ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke4 ,hebrews1 h[ev]1 /ood betwe5 #b ,cor9?ians & ,galatians4 ,its ,greek orig9al 0 q diff]5t f t ( ! ,bohairic v]sion4 7,see ,plate ,,viii47 7#c47 ,! ,middle ,egyptian ,v]sions4 ,sid5ote3 ,middle ,egyptian4 ,( ^! only fragm5ts are z yet kn[n to exi/4 ,portions ( ,mat!w & ,john1 & ( #a ,cor41 ,ephes41 ,phil41 ,!ss41 & ,hebrews 9 ! ,fayumic1 or1 z x us$ to be call$1 ! ,ba%muric dialect1 7 fir/ publi%$ by ,zoega 9 #ahji1 by ,engelbre? 9 #ahaa1 & especially by ,b\riant 7#ahhi7 & ,crum 7#ahic74 ,fragm5ts 9 ! ,l[] ,sahidic h be5 publi%$ 9 ! ,mitteilung5 aus d] ,sammlung d] ,papyrus des ,erzh]zogs ,ra9]4 ,9 ! ,a*mim dialect1 ,james iv4 #ab1 #ac & ,jude #ag-bj are ! only fragm5ts t h be5 discov]$ z yet1 & ^! h be5 publi%$ by ,crum4 ,:e!r ^! fragm5ts are really p>ts ( a sep>ate v]sion1 or m]ely dialectical modifications ( ! ,sahidic1 is n q c]ta94#aaa ,z to ! date ( ^! v]sions we h no def9ite in=mation4 ,x has be5 und]/ood f c]ta9 passages 9 ! ,life ( ,/4 ,an?ony1 :o 0 born ab\t ! ye> #bej1 t 9 8 boyhood he he>d ! ,gospel read 9 ,*ur* 9 ! language ( ,egypt1 b t ne$ n imply ! exi/5ce ( a writt5 v]sion1 z ! translation may h be5 made by a read] :o int]pret$ z he read4 ,9 ! ?ird c5tury1 h[ev]1 v]sions may h aris51 & x 0 c]ta9ly 9 ! ,s\? t ! fir/ attempts at translation 7 made4 ,our olde/ kn[n manuscripts1 a ,sahidic conta9+ #b ,!ss4 iii41 & "o 9 ,middle ,egyptian ( ,jude #ag-bj1 date f ! f\r? or fif? c5tury4 ,! ,sahidic v]sion seems to h be5 made fir/1 !n ! ,middle ,egyptian1 & f9ally ! ,bohairic4 ,to :at ext5t ! "o influ5c$ ! o!r is a "q requir+ fur!r inve/igation4 ,a correct edition & a critical application ( ^! ,egyptian v]sions is1 next to a fre% exam9ation ( ! m9uscules1 ! task ( mo/ importance at pres5t = ! textual criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,= ! ,sahidic v]sion 9 p>ticul> repres5ts a type ( text f\nd hi!rto almo/ exclusively 9 ! ,we/1 & look$ ^u z ! outcome ( ,we/]n corruption & lic5ce1 :]eas x may really be> ! mo/ resemblance to ! orig9al =m4 ,9 ! ,acts especially its agreem5t ) ! text ( ,codex ,d is rem>kable4 ,"o might in/ance1 e4g41 ! m5tion ( ,p5teco/ 9 ,acts i4 #e1 ! ins]tion ( ! ,gold5 ,rule 9 its negative =m 9 xv4 #bj1 #bi1 ! relation ( ! vision 9 xvi4 #aj1 & ! description ( ! /one :i* tw5ty m5 c\ld n roll away 9 ,luke xxiii4 #ec1 all ( :i* are n[ f\nd 9 a ,greek-,sahidic manuscript4 ,! ,sahidic v]sion1 l ! ,bohairic1 is well repres5t$ 9 ,european libr>ies1 & ! manuscripts are dat$ z a rule 9 ! ,egyptian fa%ion accord+ to ! ye>s ( ! ,m>tyrs--i4e4 accord+ to an era reckon$ f ,augu/ or ,septemb] #bhd ,a4,d4 ,ti,gr41 #hei-hic4 ,scriv5]#d1 ii4 #ia-add1 revis$ by ,horn]1 ) additions by ,headlam4 ,h4 ,hyv]nat1 tude sur les ,v]sions ,coptes de la ,bible 7,revue ,biblique1 v4 7#ahif7 #dbg-dcc1 #edj-efi2 vi4 #a 7#ahig7 #dh-gd47 ,urt41 #add-adg4 ,=bes ,rob9son1 ,egyptian ,v]sions1 9 ,ha/+s' ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 vol4 i4 7#ahih7 #ffh-fgc4 ,w4 ,e4 ,crum1 ,coptic ,/udies f ! ,egypt ,exploration ,fund's ,report = #ahig-ahih1 #ae pp4 #dto4 ,= ! ,gospels1 ,horn]'s edition eclipses all o!rs4 ,x is entitl$1 ,! ,coptic ,v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ! ,nor!rn dialect1 o!rwise call$ ,memphitic or ,bohairic1 ) ,introduction1 ,critical ,app>atus1 & lit]al ,engli% ,translation4 ,vol4 ,i4 ,introduction1 ,mat!w & ,m>k1 cxlviii4 #dhd4 ,ox=d1 ,cl>5don ,press1 #ahih2 ,vol4 ,,ii4 ,luke & ,john1 #edh pp41 #ahih4 ,see notice by ,hyv]nat 9 ! ,revue ,biblique1 #ahii1 pp4 #adh-aej1 & also ,w4 ,e4 ,crum1 lib4 cit41 :]e ref]5ce is also made to ! ,manuscrits ,coptes au ,muse 444 ,leide1 #ahig4 ,z ,horn]'s edition z yet only cov]s ! ,gospels1 ! rema9+ portions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t mu/ /ill be s\ght 9 ! two p>ts publi%$ by ,lag>de aft] ,s*w>tze's dea?1 ,acta ,apo/olorum coptice 7#aheb71 & ,epi/ulae ,novi ,te/am5ti coptice 7#aheb74 ,on ,brugs*'s ,rec5sion 9 ! ,zeits*rift d] deuts*5 morg5lndis*5 ,gesells*aft1 vii4 7#ahec7 pp4 #aae-aba1 see ibid41 p4 #def1 & ,lag>de1 ,aus dem deuts*5 ,gelehrt5leb51 pp4 #be-fe1 #gc-gg4 ,tattam's ,bohairic-,arabic edition 0 publi%$ by ! ,society = ,promot+ ,*ri/ian ,k4 ,! fir/ fragm5ts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ,sahidic appe>$ 9 ,tuki's ,rudim5ta 9 #aggh1 & ,woide's editio pr9ceps1 ann\nc$ 9 ! same ye>1 0 br\ght out aft] 8 dea? by ,=d 9 #agii4 ,aml9eau's ,fragm5ts ,?ba9es 9dits du ,n\veau ,te/am5t 7 publi%$ 9 vols4 xxiv4-xxvi4 ( ! ,zeits*rift fr gyptis*e ,spra*e 7#ahhf-ahhh74 ,consid]able portions ( ! ,apocalypse 7 issu$ 9 facsimile by ,g\ss5 9 ! fir/ ,fasciculus ( 8 ,/udia ,!ologica 7,lipsiae1 #ahig74 ,apocryphal & ,pseudepigraphical writ+s h also be5 discov]$ 9 rec5t times1 z1 = example1 ! ,acta ,pauli 9 a manuscript ( ! sev5? c5tury1 writt5 9 ,sahidic consonants ) ,middle ,egyptian vocalisation4 ,^! are to be publi%$ by ,a4 ,s*midt4 ,see ,add5da1 p4 xv4 ,see also ,aml9eau1 ,notice des manuscrits coptes de la ,biblio?que ,nationale r5f]mant des textes bil+ues du ,n\veau ,te/am5t1 9 ! ,a!num1 ,no4 #cfja1 p4 #eii4 ,! =ego+ v]sions are ^? ( mo/ importance 9 ! criticism ( ! text4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 "o or two o!rs :i*1 ?\gh inf]ior 9 value1 are /ill int]e/+4 ,among ^! is-- 7d47 ,,! ,,go?ic ,,v]sion4 ,sid5ote3 ,go?ic4 ,?is is ! "w ( ,ulfilas--i4e4 ,wlfl9--a ,cappadocian by desc5t1 :o 9 ! ye> #cdj succe$$ ,!ophilus1 ! fir/ ,bi%op ( ! ,go?s4#aab ,:ile ! tribe 0 /ill settl$ 9 ! ,crimea1 he is said to h inv5t$ an alphabet1 & translat$ bo? ! ,old & ! ,new ,te/am5t = _! use4 ,9 ! ,old ,te/am5t ,ulfilas foll[$ ! ,septuag9t accord+ to ! ,rec5sion ( ,lucian ( ,antio* 7d4 #cab71 :i* circulat$ 9 ! diocese ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,9 ! ,new ,te/am5t ! text is likewise ess5tially t ( ,*ryso/om4 ,! traces ( ,lat9 influ5ce :i* 7 suppos$ to be disc]nible 9 ! v]sion1 & :i* may ei!r h exi/$ f ! fir/ or be5 introduc$ at a lat] "t1 relate at mo/1 p]haps1 to matt]s ( or?ography4 7#a7 ,! ,go?ic v]sion fir/ became kn[n ?r\gh ! s-call$ ,codex ,arg5teus :i* ,ant4 ,morillon1 ,granvella's secret>y1 & ,m]cator ! geograph] saw 9 ! ,mona/]y ( ,w]d5 9 ! sixte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 aft]w>ds se5 at ,prague by ,ri*>d ,/re9 7d4 #afja74 ,9 #afdh x 0 br\ght to ,sw$5 z a prize ( w>1 & pres5t$ to ,que5 ,*ri/9a1 or h] libr>ian1 ,isaac ,voss4 ,x 0 pur*as$ by ,m>%all de la ,g>die 9 #affb1 b\nd 9 silv]1 & deposit$ 9 ! libr>y at ,upsala1 :]e x has s9ce rema9$4 ,t5 leaves 7 /ol5 f ! manuscript betwe5 #ahba & #ahcd1 b re/or$1 aft] _m ye>s1 by ! ?ief ^u 8 dea?b$4 ,?is magnific5t ,codex 0 writt5 9 ! fif? or six? c5tury on purple ) gold & silv] lett]+4 ,x n[ comprises #ahg leaves out ( #ccj1 & conta9s fragm5ts ( ! f\r ,gospels 9 ! ord]1 ,mat!w1 ,john1 ,luke1 ,m>k4 ,x 0 publi%$ = ! fir/ "t 9 #affe1 f a transcript made by ,d]r] t5 ye>s be=e4 7#b7 ,codex ,c>ol9us1 ! ,wolf5bttel palimpse/ already ref]r$ to z ,q ( ! ,gospels 7see p4 #fi above7 & ! ,old ,lat9 gue ( ,paul 7see p4 #aah71 conta9s "s =ty v]ses ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans4 ,x 0 fir/ publi%$ 9 #agfb4 7#c7 ,fragm5ts ( sev5 palimpse/s 9 ! ,ambrosian ,libr>y at ,milan1 discov]$ by ,c>d9al ,mai 9 #ahag4 ,l ,codex ,c>ol9us1 !y are 9 all probability f ! ,mona/]y ( ,bobbio4 ,!y exhibit "p ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les & fragm5ts ( ! ,gospels4 ,a few quotations f ,hebrews are also f\nd 9 a !ological "w4 ,no portion ( ,acts1 7,hebrews71 ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 or ,apocalypse has z yet be5 discov]$4 ,editions ( ! ,go?ic v]sion h be5 publi%$ by ,gabel5tz & ,lbe 7#ahcf-ahdc71 ,/amm 7#aheh71 ,heyne #e7ahgb7 #i7ahif71 ,b]nh>dt 7,halle1 #ahge1 #ahhd71 & ,balg 7,milwaukee1 #ahia74 ,/4 ,m>k 0 edit$ by ,mll] & ,hppe 9 #ahha1 & by ,skeat 9 #ahhb4 ,,lit]ature4--,on ,ulfilas1 see ,scott1 ,ulfilas1 ! ,apo/le ( ! ,go?s1 ,cambr41 #ahhe4 ,bradley1 ,! ,go?s1 9 ! 8,/ory ( ! ,nations0 ,s]ies1 #ahhh4 ,gwatk91 ,/udies ( ,arianism1 #ahhb4 ,urt41 pp4 #aai-abj1 :]e see lit]ature1 to :i* add ,eck/e91 ,ulfilas und die go?is*e ,ueb]setzung d] ,bibel1 9 ,we/]mann's ,illu/r4 ,monat%efte1 ,dec4 #ahib1 #djc-djg2 ,jo/es1 ,das ,todesjahr des ,ulfilas und d] ,ueb]tritt d] ,go!n zum ,arianismus 7,beitrge zur ,ges*i*te d] deuts*5 ,spra*e1 xxii4 i4 #aeh ff474 ,jo/es gives #chc z ! date ( ,ulfilas's dea?4 ,on ! o!r side1 see ,kauffmann1 ,d] ,arianismus des ,wulfila 9 ! ,zfd,phil41 xxx4 7#ahig7 #ic-aac2 ,luft1 ,die arianis*5 ,quell5 b] ,wulfila 9 ! ,zfd,altert41 xlii4 #d2 ,vogt1 ,zu ,wulfilas ,bek5ntnis und dem ,opus imp]fectum1 ibid4 ,kauffmann1 ,beitrge zur ,quell5kritik d] gotis*5 ,bibelb]setzung 9 ! ,zfd,phil42 7ii47 das ,n4 ,t4 7xxx41 #ahig1 #ade-ahc72 7iii47 das gotis*e ,mat?usevangelium und die ,itala2 7iv47 die grie*is*e ,vorlage des gotis*5 ,johannesevangeliums 7xxxi41 #ahih1 #agg-aih73 also by ! same au?or1 ,aus d] ,s*ule des ,wulfila4 ,aux5tii ,doro/or5sis epi/ula de ,fide1 ,vita1 et ,obitu ,wulfila im ,zusamm5hang d] ,diss]tatio ,maxim9i contra ,ambrosium h]ausgegeb54 ,/rassburg1 #ahii4 ,p4 ,batiffol1 ,de quelques homilies de ,/4 ,*ryso/ome et de la v]sion go?ique des critures 7,revue ,biblique1 ,oct4 #ahii1 pp4 #eff-egb71 see also ,th,lz41 #aijj1 ,no4 i42 ,l,cbl41 #aijj1 ,no4 #bh4 ,on ! relation ( ! ,go?ic v]sion to ! codex ,brixianus 7f71 see ,burkitt 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 i4 p4 #aca ff41 & comp>e ,add5da1 p4 xv4 ,on ! ,go?ic language & writ+1 see ,d\se1 ,introduction to ! ,go?ic ( ,ulfilas4 ,london1 #ahhf2 ! gramm>s ( ,braune & ,skeat1 & ! diction>ies ( ,s*ulze1 ,heyne1 & ,b]nh>dt2 see also ,luft1 ,/udi5 zu d5 lte/5 g]manis*5 ,alfabet51 ,gt]sloh1 #ahih1 viii4 #aae1 :o traces eighte5 *>act]s to ! ,greek alphabet & n9e to ! ,lat9 & ,ulfilas's own inv5tion4 ,on ,r4 ,lwe's ,re/e d] ,g]man5 am s*w>z5 ,me] 7,halle1 #ahif71 see ! /ory told by ,melan*?on accord+ to ,pirkheim] 7,?4 ,/4 und ,kr41 #ahig1 #ghd ff474 ,to :at ext5t ! rema9+ anci5t v]sions 7 tak5 directly f ! ,greek or influ5c$ by "o or o!r ( ^? already describ$ is /ill subject ( dispute4 7e47 ,,! ,,e?iopic ,,v]sion4 ,accord+ to ! tradition ( ! ,abyss9ian ,*ur*1 ! ,e?iopic v]sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 made f ! ,greek previ\s to ! fif? c5tury4 ,dillmann accepts ?is z correct1 b ,gildemei/] w\ld assign x to ! six? or sev5? c5tury1 & ?9ks t traces are disc]nible ( ,syrian ,monophysitism4 ,guidi decides = ! end ( ! fif? or beg9n+ ( ! six? c5tury4 ,9 addition to ! usual tw5ty-sev5 books1 ! ,e?iopic ,new ,te/am5t has an ,app5dix consi/+ ( a "w on ,canon ,law 9 eight books call$ ! ,synodos1 s t ! ,e?iopian ,*ur* reckons 9 all ?irty-five books 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,9 lat] times ! v]sion 0 und\bt$ly correct$ f ,arabic & ,coptic texts4 ,! fir/ edition appe>$ 9 ,rome 9 #aedh-aedi1 b nei!r x nor ^? issu$ s9ce are ( any real critical wor?4 ,at lea/ a hundr$ ,e?iopic manuscripts1 mo/ly ( late orig91 exi/ 9 ! libr>ies ( ,europe4 ,:at is p]haps ! olde/ is pres]v$ 9 ,p>is4 ,x dates f ! ?irte5? c5tury1 & exhibits ! ,gospels 9 an unrevis$ text4 ,,lit]ature4--,see ,ti,gr41 #hid-iab4 ,scriv5]1 ii4 #aed ff4 re-writt5 by ,m>goli\?4 ,urt41 #adg-aej 7,f4 ,praetorius74 ,r4 ,h4 ,*>les1 ,e?iopic ,v]sion 9 ,ha/+s' ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 i4 #gia-gic4 ,c4 ,conti ,ross9i1 ,sulla ,v]sione e sulla ,revisione delle ,sacre ,scritture 9 ,etiopico1 9 ! ,z4 fr ,assyriologie1 x4 #b1 #c 7#ahie74 ,! view ( ,lag>de 7,ankndigung1 #ahhb1 p4 #bh2 cf4 also ,gesammelte ,abh&lung51 lxi4 #aac71 t ?is v]sion may h be5 made f ! ,arabic or ,egyptian 9 ! f\rte5? c5tury1 is n[ g5]ally reject$4 7f47 ,,! ,,arm5ian ,,v]sion4 ,la ,croze1 ! ,b]l9 ,libr>ian1 ?\ght ?is ! 8,que5 ( ! ,v]sions40 ,till ! fif? c5tury ( ! ,*ri/ian era ,syrian influ5ce 0 supreme 9 ,arm5ia1 & ! inhabitants ( t region fir/ receiv$ ! ,scriptures ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts 9 ! =m ( a translation f ! ,syriac4 ,b 9 ! ye> #dcc two pupils ( ,mesrob1 return+ f ! ,synod ( ,ephesus1 are said to h br\ght back ) !m f ,con/ant9ople a ,greek ,bible1 & hav+ le>n$ ,greek 9 ,alex&ria1 to h translat$ x into ,arm5ian4 ,accord+ to ano!r acc\nt ?is 0 done by ,/4 ,sahak 7#cij-dbh7 ab\t ! ye> #djf4 ,! fir/ edition ( ! ,arm5ian ,new ,te/am5t 0 br\ght out 9 ,am/]dam 9 ! ye> #afffaac by ,osgan ( ,eriwan1 :o _h be5 s5t to ,europe f\r ye>s previ\sly by ! ,arm5ian ,synod4 ,x 0 edit$ f a defective manuscript1 ! miss+ portions ( :i* ,osgan suppli$ f ! ,vulgate4 ,a bett] edition 0 publi%$ 9 #aghi by ,zohrab1 :o us$ tw5ty manuscripts1 & especially a ,cilician ,codex ( ! ye> #acaj4 ,he 0 ( op9ion t ! ,arm5ians did n receive ! ,apocalypse be=e ! eigh? c5tury4 ,zohrab's text 0 collat$ = ,tregelles by ,rieu1 :om ,tis*5dorf seems to h drawn ^u 9 8 editions4 ,! ,arm5ian manuscripts display v>iations ( sev]al sorts4 ,9 "s ,john's ,gospel prec$es ! ,synopti/s1 9 o!rs x is foll[$ by ! ,apocryphal 8,re/ ( ,/4 ,john40 ,! ,apocalypse 0 n read 9 *ur* prior to ! twelf? c5tury4 ,9 ! olde/ manuscript ( ! entire ,new ,te/am5t1 at ,v5ice1 :i* dates f ! ye> #abbj1 ! ord] ( ! o!r books is ,acts1 ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 ,apocalypse1 ,paul9e ,epi/les1 ) ! ,epi/le ( ! ,cor9?ians to ,paul4 ,9 ,mosc[ !re is a manuscript ( ! ye> #hhg1 9 ,v5ice "o dat$ #ijb1 9 ,ets*miadz9 "o writt5 9 ! ye> #ihf & b\nd 9 ivory cov]s ( ! ?ird or f\r? c5tury4 ,9 ! la/-m5tion$ ,codex ! words1 8( ,ari/on ! ,presbyt]10 are f\nd aft] ,m>k xvi4 #h1 z ! head+ ( :at foll[s4 7,see ,plate ,,ix47 ,we le>n f ?is1 :at is evid5tly correct1 viz41 t ! pres5t conclusion ( ,m>k's ,gospel is due to a c]ta9 ,ari/on1 :o may p]haps be id5tifi$ ) ,ari/ion1 ! tea*] ( ,papias 9 ! second c5tury4 ,! e>li] ,arm5ian v]sion also conta9$ ! two v]ses ,luke xxii4 #dc1 #dd1 :i* 7 omitt$ 9 ! lat]4 ,,lit]ature4--,ti,gr41 #iab-ibb4 ,scriv5]1 ii4 #adh-aed4 ,f4 ,c4 ,conybe>e1 ,arm5ian ,v]sions ( ,n4 ,t41 9 ,ha/+s' ,bible ,diction>y1 i4 #aec f4 ,see also ,j4 ,a4 ,rob9son1 ,eu?aliana1 c4 v42 ,! ,arm5ian ,v]sion & its suppos$ relation to ,eu?alius1 9 ,texts & ,/udies1 vol4 iii4 7#ahie74 ,on ,ari/ion see ,expositor1 #ahid1 p4 #bda1 & bel[1 p4 #bie4 7g47 ,,! ,,georgian ,,v]sion4 ,?is v]sion1 call$ also ! ,grus9ian or ,ib]ian1 is ?\ght to h be5 made f ! ,greek 9 ! six? c5tury1 ?\gh x may also be d]iv$ f ! ,arm5ian4 ,x conta9s ! p]icope adult] 7,john vii4 #ec-viii4 #aa71 b places x imm$iately aft] *4 vii4 #dd1 :i* is ! m rem>kable1 see+ t 9 ! ,old ,lat9 ,codex b1 ! passage f vii4 #dd onw>ds has be5 eras$4 ,! ,georgian v]sion 0 fir/ pr9t$ at ,mosc[ 9 #agdc4 ,scriv5]1 ii4 #aef-aeh2 re-writt5 by ,f4 ,c4 ,conybe>e4 ,ti,gr41 #ibb f4 7h47 ,,! ,,arabic ,,v]sions4 ,"s ( ^! 7 made directly f ! ,greek1 o!rs f ! ,syriac & ! ,coptic1 :ile !re are also manuscripts exhibit+ a rec5sion und]tak5 at ,alex&ria 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 ,! ,new ,te/am5t 0 ev5 ca/ into t =m ( rhym$ prose made classic by ! ,koran4 ,z e>ly z ! eigh? c5tury we f9d ,mohamm$an s*ol>s quot+ v>i\s passages ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 p>ticul>ly ! say+s reg>d+ ! ,p>aclete 9 ,john xv4 #bf1 #bg1 xvi4 #ac1 :i* !y und]/ood ( ,mohamm$4 ,he himself1 h[ev]1 knew ! ,gospel n>rative f oral tradition only4 ,! olde/ kn[n manuscript is p]haps "o at ,s9ai1 writt5 9 ! n9? c5tury1 f :i* ,mrs4 ,gibson edit$ ! text ( ,romans1 #a & #b ,cor41 ,gal41 & ,ephes4 i4 #a-;ii4 #i1 9 ! ,/udia ,s9aitica1 ii4 ,! f\r ,gospels 7 publi%$ 9 #ahfd by ,lag>de f a ,vi5na manuscript1 9 :i* a numb] ( v>i\s read+s 7 cit$ f ! ,coptic1 ,syriac1 & ,lat91 ?is la/1 e4g41 be+ adduc$ 9 support ( a read+ hi!rto f\nd only 9 ,d1 "o ,old ,lat9 7g71 & ! ,lewis-,syriac3 444 ' 7,mat!w xviii4 #bj74 ,! fir/ edition ( ! ,gospels appe>$ at ,rome 9 #aeia4 ,sid5ote3 ,o!r v]sions4 ,9 common ) ! rema9+ v]sions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,p]sic1 ,old ,high ,g]man1 ,anglo-,saxon1 ,bohemian1 & ,slavonic1 ^! second>y ,arabic v]sions are n only exce$+ly int]e/+ f ! po9t ( view ( ! hi/ory ( language & culture1 b !y are also valuable "h & !re = ! re/oration ( ! orig9al text4 ,9 ! pres5t "w1 h[ev]1 we _c ent] m fully into !m4 ,,lit]ature4--,ti,gr41 #ibh-idg4 ,scriv5]1 ii4 #afa-afd4 ,urt41 #aej-aee4 ,f4 ,c4 ,burkitt1 ,arabic ,v]sions1 9 ,ha/+s' ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 i4 #acf-ach1 :]e see lit]ature4 ,burkitt ?9ks t ! olde/ monum5t ( ,arabic ,*ri/ianity is ! manuscript =m]ly belong+ to ! ,conv5t ( ,m> ,saba1 n[ kn[n z ,cod4 ,vat4 ,arab4 #ac1 & numb]$ #aja 9 ,ti,gr41 :i* is g5]ally assign$ to ! eigh? c5tury4 ,x orig9ally conta9$ ! ,psalt]1 ,gospels1 ,acts1 & ,epi/les1 & is d]iv$ f ! ,syriac4 ,fragm5ts ( ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 & ,luke1 & ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les1 are all t n[ rema94 ,f ! same conv5t come two manuscripts ( ! n9? c5tury1 conta9+ a v]sion made directly f ! ,greek1 & p]haps ultimately d]iv$ f ! ,greek-,arabic manuscript cit$ z h1 ( :i* only f\r leaves h be5 pres]v$ 7see above1 p4 #gb74 ,on a ,grco-,arabic ,,ms4 connect$ ) ! ,f]r> ,gr\p 7#baa;ev71 see ,lake 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 i4 #aag ff4 ,mo/ ( ! ,coptic manuscripts are accompani$ by an ,arabic v]sion4 ,! "o conta9$ 9 ,cod4 ,vat4 ,copt4 #i ( ! ye> #abjb is ! be/1 & =ms ! basis ( our pr9t$ editions4 ,! fir/ revision 0 und]tak5 9 ! ye> #abej1 at ,alex&ria1 by ,hibat ,allh ibn el-,assl1 & a second t[>ds ! end ( ! ?irte5? c5tury1 f :i* ! v>iants 9 ,lag>de's edition are d]iv$4 ,an ,arabic v]sion ( ! ,acts & all sev5 ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 f\nd 9 a n9? c5tury manuscript at ,s9ai1 & numb]$ #aed 9 ,mrs4 ,gibson's ,catalogue1 is publi%$ by h] 9 ,/udia ,s9aitica1 vii4 7#ahii74 ,= ! rema9+ v]sions ( ! ,n4 ,t41 see ,scriv5]1 ii4 pp4 #aeh-aff 7,slavonic1 ,anglo-,saxon1 ,franki%1 ,p]sic74 ,^! m9or v]sions w be treat$ 9 vol4 iv4 ( ,ha/+s' ,bible ,diction>y1 "u ! g5]al head+ ( ,v]sions4 ,see also ,urtext und ,ueb]setzung5 d] ,bibel4 #c4 ,,quotations4 ,our ?ird s\rce ( mat]ial = ! re/oration ( ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is ,quotations f\nd 9 o!r books4 ,^! are ( great value1 because !y repres5t1 = ! mo/ "p1 def9ite manuscripts exi/+ 9 c]ta9 places at ! "t ( ! writ] quot+ !m1 & also because a l>ge numb] ( !m belong to a "t f :i* no codices h come d[n to u4 ,! value ( _! te/imony dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 on ! conditions already m5tion$ 7p4 #cb7--viz41 t ! au?or quot$ accurately1 & ! copyi/ copi$ fai?fully1 & ! editor edit$ correctly4 ,quotations made by ,jewi% writ]s z well z by ,*ri/ian w fall to be consid]$1 only x is d\btful if 9 _! case we h m ?an "o or two unc]ta9 allusions to ,mat!w v4 #ag4 ,s1 too1 w ! quotations made by pagan oppon5ts ( ,*ri/ianity1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ,celsus 9 ! second c5tury1 & ( ! ,emp]or ,julian4 ,b "h aga9 we are n 9 possession ( _! complete works1 :i* c only be re/or$ by a simil> process & ) m or less unc]ta9ty f ! quotations f !m f\nd 9 ! writ+s ( ! ,apologi/s4#aad ,! books ( ^? ,*ri/ian ,*ur*es :i* 7 isolat$ f ! ma9 *ur* w also be valuable4 ,ev5 a v]se ( ,scripture c>v$ ^u a /one 9 an old ru9 may h some?+ to tell u4 ,brief quotations 7 usually made f memory4 ,x 0 n s conv5i5t to turn up ! passage 9 an old manuscript z x is n[ 9 our h&y pr9t$ editions4#aae ,9 ! case ( long] passages & v]bal quotations g5]ally1 indol5t copyi/s 7 sometimes cont5t ) simply add+ 4 ,9 ! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions1 ii4 #bb1 = example1 :]e ! entire pray] ( ,manasses 0 meant to be giv51 ! copyi/ ( a c]ta9 manuscript1#aaf aft] writ+ ! op5+ words f d[n to 1 omitt$ all ! re/1 am\nt+ to ?irty-"o l9es ( pr9t1 sub/itut+ simply 4 7,see fur!r1 ,apo/4 ,con/41 i4 #g1 ,lag>de1 p4 #h1 #bc2 ii4 #ad1 p4 #bh1 #g4 #aa2 #bi1 #b74 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n )\t its p>allel 9 mod]n times4 ,z late z #ahgb1 an ,ox=d editor1 9 br++ out ,cyril ( ,alex&ria's ,comm5t>y on ! ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,john1 wrote d[n only ! initial & f9al words ( ! quotations 9 8 manuscript1 & all[$ ! compositor to set up ! re/ f a pr9t$ edition ( ! ,textus ,receptus4 ,ano!r editor 9 ,vi5na1 9 prep>+ an edition ( ,cyprian's ,works1 pref]r$ ^? v manuscripts 9 :i* ! ,scriptural quotations _h be5 accommodat$ to ! curr5t text ( lat] times4 ,only :5 a quotation is giv5 by an au?or sev]al times 9 exactly ! same =m is x safe to dep5d on ! actual word+1 or :5 9 a ,comm5t>y1 e4g41 ! context agrees ) ! quot$ text4 ,collections ( ,scriptural passages l ! ,te/imonia ( ,cyprian & ! s-call$ ,speculum ( ,augu/9e are also tak5 directly f manuscripts ( ! ,bible4 ,francis ,lucas ( ,brgge 0 ! fir/ to explore ! writ+s ( ! ,*ur* ,fa!rs = ! express purposes ( textual criticism4 ,!y are ref]r$ to 9 f\r notes f\nd 9 ! ,complut5sian ,polyglot4 ,9 8 edition ( #aeaf1 ,erasmus cites a :ole s]ies ( ,patri/ic witnesses--,ambrosius1 ,a?anasius1 ,augu/9e1 ,cyprian1 ,gregory ( ,nazianz51 ,orig51 & ,!odoret4 ,s9ce t "t all judici\s critics h paid att5tion to !m4 ,valuable s]vice has be5 r5d]$ = ,t]tullian by ,rns*1 & = ,orig5 by ,griesba*4 ,= ,augu/9e1 ,lag>de is specially to be m5tion$4 ,mo/ ( ! ,fa!rs 7 ?us c>$ = by ,burgon1 :o index$ ! ,new ,te/am5t quotations 9 sixte5 l>ge volumes1 :i* 7 deposit$ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum aft] 8 dea?4 ,! only pity is t ! works ( ^? v ,fa!rs t are ( mo/ importance are n yet satisfactorily edit$4 ,all ! m welcome1 !re=e1 is ! appe>ance ( ! ,vi5na ,academy's ,corpus ,scriptorum ,ecclesia/icorum ,lat9orum1 ( :i* =ty volumes h be5 issu$ s9ce #ahfg1 & ( ! ,b]l9 ,academy's edition ( ! ,ante-,nic5e ,greek ,fa!rs1 ( :i* "o volume ( ,hippolytus & two ( ,orig5 h made _! appe>ance4#aag ,! e>lie/ ,fa!rs are valuable *iefly = ! hi/ory ( ! ,canon4 ,t is to say1 _! evid5ce mu/ be tak5 simply z %[+ :at ,new ,te/am5t writ+s !y 7 acqua9t$ )1 & "h ! argum5tum ex sil5tio is to be appli$ ) caution4 ,?is is ! case ) ,b>nabas & ,clem5t#aah 9 ! fir/ c5tury1 & ,ignatius & ,h]mas 9 ! fir/ half ( ! second4 ,ev5 ) ! mu* m ext5sive writ+s ( ,ju/91 !re is /ill consid]able dispute--e4g41 z to :at ,gospels he made use (4#aai ,ir5u ( ,lyons is valuable on acc\nt ( 8 extreme c>efulness1 & w\ld be p>ticul>ly s if x c\ld be prov$ t he br\ght 8 ,new ,te/am5t ) him f ,smyrna#abj & if 8 writ+s 7 extant 9 ,greek1 & n1 z is ! case ) mo/ ( !m1 9 ,lat9 only4 ,9 ,egypt ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria holds a prom95t place1 b by f> ! mo/ di/+ui%$ ( all is ! great ,biblical s*ol> ( antiquity1 ,orig5 7d4 #bdh74 ,already we f9d ^! writ]s appeal+ to manuscripts1 & di/+ui%+ !m by su* epi!ts z 8good10 8old10 8em5d$10 8mo/10 or 8few40 ,9 ! case ( ! ,ante-,nic5e ,fa!rs _! locality is an important consid]ation1 :e!r ,antio*1 ,cs>ea 7,eusebius71 ,egypt1 ,con/ant9ople 7,*ryso/om71 or ,cappadocia 7,!odore71 etc4 ,_! expositions ( ,scripture are pres]v$ 9 ! s-call$ ,cat51 or cont9u\s comm5t>ies1 9 :i* ! int]pretations ( diff]5t ,fa!rs are arrang$ cont9u\sly l ! l9ks ( a *a94 ,x n unfrequ5tly happ5s 9 ^! ,cat5 t ! words ( "o writ] are cit$ "u ! "n ( ano!r4 ,! evid5ce af=d$ by ! writ+s ( ! ,h]etics is no less valuable1 if we except ^? passages1 :i* are n num]\s1 9 :i* !y are und]/ood to h alt]$ ! text ( ! ,scriptures4 ,! works ( ,m>cion h be5 pres]v$ = ! mo/ "p 9 ,lat9 by ,t]tullian4 ,!y h rec5tly be5 collect$ & re/or$ by ,zahn4 ,! ,lat9 translator ( ,ir5u also belongs1 9 all probability1 to ! "t ( ,t]tullian1 & n to ! f\r? c5tury4 ,?is unkn[n translator seems to h pres]v$ ! ,scriptural quotations ( ,ir5u ) great] fidelity ?an ! lat] ,*ur* ,fa!rs :o cite !m 9 ! ,greek4 ,( ,lat9 writ]s contempor>y ) or subsequ5t to ,t]tullian1 ^? ( mo/ importance = ! text ( ! ,old ,lat9 ,bible are ,cyprian1 ,hil>y ( ,poicti]s1 ,ambrose ( ,milan1 ,augu/9e & 8 oppon5t ,pelagius1 & = ! ,apocalypse1 ,tyconius & ,primasius4 ,f ! works ( ,augu/9e ,lag>de collect$ no few] ?an #biedj quotations f ! ,new ,te/am5t 9 addition to #acbgf f ! ,old4 ,valuable te/imony is also af=d$ by ,syrian & ,arm5ian writ]s4 ,x is only ) _! assi/ance1 e4g41 t x has be5 possible to re/ore "o ( our olde/ au?orities--! ,diatess>on ( ,tatian--:i* dates f ! second c5tury4 7#a7 ,fur!r examples might be adduc$ ( ! unreliable nature ( manuscripts & pr9t$ editions4 ,we f9d1 e4g41 9 ! volum9\s comm5t>y ( ! s-call$ ,ambrosia/]1#aba ! foll[+ note on ! quotation 9 #a ,cor4 ii4 #i3--8;,eye ha? n se51 etc40--8hoc e/ scriptum 9 ,apocalypsi ,heliae 9 apocryphis40 ,9 place ( ! la/ five words1 two manuscripts & all ! pr9t$ editions previ\s to t ( ,/4 ,maur--i4e4 prior to ! ye> #afij--;h 89 ,esaia propheta aliis v]bis40 ,comp>e also :at ,zahn says 9 8 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #cad4 8,a comp>ison ( ! quotations 9 ,mat!w ) ! ,,lxx4 is r5d]$ m difficult by ! fact t 9 manuscripts ( ! latt] writt5 by ,*ri/ians1 & especially 9 ,cod4 ,alex&r9us1 ! text ( ! ,o4 ,t4 has be5 accommodat$ to ! =m 9 :i* x is cit$ 9 ! ,n4 ,t4 ,cf41 also1 p4 #efc on ! quotation f ,ze*>iah xii4 #aj1 f\nd 9 ,john xix4 #cg40 ,! same writ] says 7p4 #dfe73 8,9 ! ,*ronicle ( ,georgios ,ham>tolos 7circa #hfj71 all ! manuscripts save "o ass]t ! peaceful dea? ( ,john 7 71 b ?is "o says ! v opposite1 1 & goes on to make c]ta9 o!r additions40 ,on ! o!r h&1 we mu/ n =get 9 ?is connection ! te/imony pres]v$ by ,eusebius to ! scrupul\s c>e tak5 by ,ir5u = ! propagation ( 8 writ+s 9 ! id5tical =m 9 :i* he wrote !m4 ,accord+ to t hi/orian1 he wrote at ! end ( "o ( 8 works ! foll[+ note3-- 1 1 1 4#abb 7#b7 ,x 0 ,lag>de :o mo/ cle>ly recognis$ & po9t$ out ! unsatisfactory way 9 :i* ! ,fa!rs _h previ\sly be5 edit$4 ,h[ mu* c>e is necess>y 9 ! matt] ( ! text is %[n by ! discussions connect$ ) ! treatm5t ( ,scriptural quotations 9 ! new ,vi5na edition ( ,augu/9e 7see ,urt41 #gf1 #id2 ,preus*51 9 ! ,th,lz4 = #ahig1 #bd1 col4 #fcj74 ,ev5 9 ! new ,b]l9 edition "o _c absolutely rely on ! =m ( ! ,scriptural quotations exhibit$ 9 ! text1 b mu/ always v]ify x by means ( an indep5d5t exam9ation ( ! app>atus4 ,a few passages f ! fir/ volume ( ,orig5 rec5tly publi%$ w %[ ?is1 & prove at ! same "t h[ faulty ! editions h be5 hi!rto4 ,?is fir/ volume ( ,koets*au's new edition ( ,orig5 op5s ) ! ,exhortation to ,m>tyrdom 7 71 a "w :i* is to be assign$ to ! ye> #bce4 ,! text ( previ\s editions is gr\nd$ solely on a manuscript at ,basel writt5 9 ! sixte5? c5tury 7,no4 #ca1 ,a4 iii4 #i71 :i* is itself a copy1 & a n altoge!r correct copy1 ( a ,p>isian manuscript writt5 9 ! ye> #acci1 n kn[n to ! fir/ editors ( ,orig5 7,p suppl4 grec4 #faf74 ,moreov]1 ! ,basel manuscript 0 n transcrib$ ) suffici5t accuracy1 or ! pr9t 0 n sup]9t5d$ ) suffici5t c>e by ! s*ol> :o prep>$ ! fir/ pr9t$ edition ( #afgd4 ,) ! help ( a fre% manuscript 7,m ,v5etus ,m>c4 #de1 ( ! f\rte5? c5tury7 x is n[ e/abli%$ t ! writ] ( ,p arbitr>ily alt]$ ! text 9 a great numb] ( passages1 &1 above all1 abridg$ x ma9ly by ! excision ( ,scriptural quotations4 ,:]e ,orig51 e4g41 9 cit+ a passage gives all ?ree ,synopti/s1 ,p q calmly drops "o ( !m4 ,! ,panegyric ( ,gregory ,?aumaturgus is treat$ 9 ! same way1 ?is manuscript omitt+ ab\t #ajj out ( "s #abjj l9es ( pr9t4 ,& ^! 7 ! texts to :i* till ! pres5t we 7 ref]r$ = our ,patri/ic quotations6 ,to take an example3 ,on 1 ,luke ix4 #bf1 ,tis*5dorf1 :o 9 8 sev5? edition gave 7 my foll[]s7 z ! correct read+1 obs]v$ t ?is read+1 )\t 1 0 support$ by ,dael ,or41 i4 #bih4 ,b he add$--& ?is is a pro( ( ! c>efulness ) :i* ! quotation f ,orig5 is employ$ "h--s$ prc$it 4 ,b if we turn up ?is passage 9 ! new edition1 we f9d t x n[ reads 7i4 #cd1 #i ff473 ' 1 & !n ! ?ree p>allel passages are quot$ 9 ! ord] frequ5tly f\nd 9 ,orig5--viz41 ,mat!w x4 #cc ,luke ix4 #bf ,m>k viii4 #ch4 ,previ\s editions entirely omitt$ ?is la/ quotation1 z well z ! words 9 ! context1 4 ,b n[ ev]y?+ is 9 ord]4 ,! words ' ref] to ' 9 ,matt4 x4 #cc2 to 9 ,luke ix4 #bf2 & to 1 9 ,m>k viii4 #ch4 ,s t :]eas1 on ! gr\nd ( previ\s editions1 ,tis*5dorf 0 oblig$ to po9t out a discrepancy betwe5 ,orig5's context & 8 peculi> quotation f ,luke1 ! context ( ! new edition s]ves to confirm ?is peculi> quotation1 & %[s at ! same "t t we c accept x on ! au?ority ( ?is v passage1 z aga9/ a =m] passage 7p4 #bif #ca1 #g71 :]e ! v]se 9 ,luke is f\nd 9 ! newly-employ$ manuscript also ) ! words 4 ,t ! editor %\ld h put 9 ! fir/ passage )9 brackets1 or at lea/ h po9t$ out ! discrepancy betwe5 x & ! quotation fur!r d[n1 w\ld h be5 too mu* to expect1 see+ t 8 manuscripts ( ,orig5 gave no mann] ( gr\nd = do+ s2 x is ! duty ( ^? :o inve/igate ! ,scriptural quotations 9 ,orig5 to pay att5tion to su* ?+s4 ,b !re are also passages :]e ! editor has actually gone 9 ! face ( 8 manuscripts1 & wrongly alt]$ ! text ( 8 ,scriptural quotations1 hav+ evid5tly all[$ himself to be influ5c$ by ! pr9t$ text ( ! ,n4 ,t41 & pay+ too little respect to ! manuscripts4 ,an att5tive read] w h obs]v$ t ! read+ 9 ,luke ix4 #bf1 my foll[]s1 :i* is n[ e/abli%$ = ,orig51 is at pres5t support$ by ,d alone ( ! ,greek manuscripts & by ?ree ,old ,lat9 witnesses4 7,x is also f\nd 9 ! ,curetonian ,syriac1 b un=tunately ! correspond+ words 9 ! ,s9ai-,syriac c\ld n be made out ) c]ta9ty by ,mrs4 ,lewis2 see ,"s ,pages1 p4 #gb p4 #afh 9 ! fir/ edition74 ,n[1 look at ! passage 9 ,orig5's "w1 i4 #be1 #bf ff4 7p4 #bic 9 ,de la ,rue's edition73 444 444 1 444 ,! passage is pr9t$ ?us by ,koets*au1 agree+ exactly ) ! e>li] pr9t$ editions & our texts ( ! ,n4 ,t4 9 ,m>k xiv4 #cf4 ,b 9 ?is he is f> wrong4 ,because1 z 8 own app>atus %[s u1 ! ,v5etian manuscript1 :i* he rightly foll[s else:]e1 reads ! words 9 ! ord] 1 :i* is exactly ! ord] ( ! words 7,m>k xiv4 #cf7 9 ,d1 b aga9 9 no o!r ,greek manuscript ) ! solit>y exception ( ! cursive #dgc4abc ,b !re are ev5 passages :]e ,koets*au foll[s ! pr9t$ text ( ! ,n4 ,t4 9 ! scriptural quotations 9 despite ( bo? 8 manuscripts4 ,9 i4 #bi1 #ac 7i4 #bie ,de la ,rue71 :]e ,matt4 x4 #ag-bc is quot$1 he ins]ts aft] ! clause f ,matt4 x4 #ai1 on ! supposition t ^! words may h dropp$ out ( ! ar*etype ( ,m ,p on acc\nt ( ! homoioteleuton4 ,b !y are also omitt$ 9 ,cod4 ,d ( ! ,n4 ,t4 ,& ?is1 moreov]1 is n ! only po9t ( agreem5t betwe5 ?is manuscript & ! text giv5 9 ?is quotation4 ,!re is1 e4g41 ! omission ( 9 v4 #ag1 ! read+ 9 v4 #ai1 :i* ,koets*au has alt]$ to ! m grammatical 1 aga9 )\t suffici5t reason & 9 defiance ( bo? 8 manuscripts1 & ! omission ( 9 v4 #bj1 ( :i* !re is no m5tion 9 ,tis*5dorf 7see ! ,collation ( ,d 9 my ,supplem5tum74 ,orig5 also agrees ) ,d1 ?\gh n v]bally1 9 read+ fur!r d[n 7v4 #bc71 :]e aga9 ,koets*au seems to me to h unnecess>ily ins]t$ 1 :i* is omitt$ 9 8 pr9cipal manuscript & also 9 ,d4 ,comp>e1 also1 i4 #bb1 #ab1 :]e ,orig5 agrees ) ,d 9 read+ 7,luke xii4 #aa7 in/ead ( 1 read by our critical editions on ! au?ority ( ,b ,l ,x1 or by ! textus receptus ) ,a ,q ,r1 etc4 ,bo? concur1 also1 9 ! omission ( ! fir/ 9 ! same v]se4 ,:at is "h said z to ! close aff9ity ( ,orig5's ,bible ) ,codex ,d is corroborat$ by ! te/imony ( ! ,a?os manuscript discov]$ by von d] ,goltz 7see above1 p4 #ij74 ,?is manuscript confirms :at we knew be=e--viz4 t ,m>cion's text _h & n or 9 #a ,cor4 x4 #i4 ,b x also tells u :at we did n "k--viz4 t 0 ! only read+ kn[n to ,orig51 & t 9 ! ,synodical ,epi/le address$ to ,paul ( ,samosata1 publi%$ by ,turrianus 79 ,r\?'s ,reliqui ,sacr1 iii4#b #bii71 is n ! orig9al read+ b a lat] sub/itute = 4 ,?is is made out by ,zahn 9 ! ,th,lbl41 #ahii1 col4 #ahj1 :o concludes by say+ t ,clem5t1 ,ecl4 ,proph41 #di1 %\ld n be omitt$ 9 a prop] app>atus1 & t ought nev] aga9 to be pr9t$ 9 ! text4 ,our mo/ rec5t editors1 ,tis*5dorf1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 ,weiss1 & ,baljon1 put 9 _! text )\t s mu* z m5tion+ 9 ! m>g91 or among ! ,notewor?y ,reject$ ,read+s1 or 9 ! li/ ( ,int]*ang$ ,words 7,weiss1 p4 #g74 ,9 ! ,/uttg>t edition ! text is det]m9$ by a cons5sus ( previ\s editions1 & ,i 0 oblig$ to let /& 9 ! text1 b ,i h put 9 ! m>g91 z ,tregelles also did4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! textus receptus is actually bett] ?an our critical editions4 ,! reject$ read+ is aga9 ! ,we/]n1 & ,zahn1 9 comm5t+ on ! newly-discov]$ te/imony z to ! text ( #a ,john iv4 #c 7see bel[1 p4 #cbg71 p]t95tly rem>ks t 8"h aga9 x is p]fectly evid5t1 z any disc]n+ p]son might h kn[n1 t _m important read+s :i* 7 wont to be contemptu\sly dismiss$ z ,we/]n1 7 long preval5t 9 ! ,ea/ z well1 n only among ! ,syrians b also among ! ,alex&rians1 & 7 only disc>d$ by ! (ficial rec5sions ( ! text t 7 made subsequ5t to ! "t ( ,orig540 ,^! illu/rations w s]ve to %[ t n only is ! edit+ ( ! ,patri/ic texts no easy matt]1 b also t ! employm5t ev5 ( ! be/ editions is n unaccompani$ ) risks4 ,see ,koets*au1 ,bibelcitate bei ,orig5es1 ,zfw,th41 #aijj1 pp4 #cba-cgh4 7#c7 ,! ,rev4 ,preb5d>y ,ed4 ,mill] is at pres5t at "w on a ,textual ,comm5t>y ^u ! ,holy ,gospels1 on ! gr\nd ( ,burgon's ,collection & 8 own rese>*es4 ,a specim5 ( ?is "w 7,mat!w v4 #dd7 is giv5 9 8 ,pres5t ,/ate ( ! ,textual ,controv]sy respect+ ! ,holy ,gospels1 :i* 0 pr9t$ = private circulation1 & may be _h ( ! au?or4#abd ,9 ?is little pamphlet he takes up ! "q 7p4 #cj7 :e!r ,orig5 9 ! ,de ,oratione #a 7,de la ,rue1 i4 #aih2 ,koets*au1 ii4 #bii1 #bb7 quotes f ,luke 7vi4 #bh7 or ,mat!w 7v4 #dd71 & decides = ! latt]4 ,koets*au is ( ! opposite op9ion1 giv+ 8,luke vi4 #bh 7,mat!w v4 #dd740 ,9 ! case ( ,patri/ic quotations1 x w be se5 t matt]s are frequ5tly v complicat$4 ,x mu/ be borne 9 m9d1 too1 t ! v>i\s writ]s did n use ! same copy ( ! ,scriptures all _! life long4 ,at diff]5t times & 9 diff]5t localities !y mu/ necess>ily h _h diff]5t copies be=e !m4 7#d7 ,x is fur!r to be obs]v$ t 9 ! case ( controv]sial writ+s1 su* z ^? ( ,orig5 aga9/ ,celsus1 & ,augu/9e aga9/ ! ,mani*ans1 ! "q mu/ always be consid]$ :e!r ! ,scriptural quotations f\nd 9 !m are quotations made by ,orig5 & ,augu/9e !mselves1 or tak5 by !m f ! writ+s !y assail or ref] to2 & also :e!r ! quotations h be5 made directly f a manuscript ( ! ,bible1 or f ! works ( a previ\s writ]4 ,borr[+ f an au?or )\t ackn[l$gm5t may h be5 a mu* m common ?+ 9 old5 times ?an x is ev5 at pres5t4 ,9 ,clem5t ( ,rome 7c4 #ac71 9 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria 7,/romata1 ii4 p4 #dgf71 & p>tly also 9 ! ,epi/le ( ,polyc>p 7c4 #b71 we f9d ! foll[+ quotation3--8,be ye m]ciful t ye may obta9 m]cy3 =give t ye may be =giv53 z ye d1 s %all x be done to y3 z ye give1 s %all x be giv5 to y3 z ye judge1 s %all ye be judg$3 z ye are k9d1 s %all k9dness be %[n to y3 ) :at measure ye mete1 x %all be met$ unto y40 ,we f9d also 9 ,clem5t ( ,rome 7c4 #df71 & 9 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria 7,/romata1 iii4 p4 #efa71 ! quotation3 8,woe to t man3 x 7 good = him if he _h nev] be5 born1 r ?an t he %\ld (f5d "o ( my elect3 x 7 bett] = him t a mill/one 7 hang$ ab\t 8 neck & he be dr[n$ 9 ! dep? ( ! sea1 ?an t he %\ld (f5d "o ( my little ones40 ,nei!r ( ^! quotations is f\nd lit]ally 9 our canonical ,gospels4 ,accord+ly1 ,r5del ,h>ris concludes f ! te/imony ( ^! v>i\s witnesses t !y mu/ h be5 tak5 f an ,urevangelium1 n[ p]i%$ 7,contempor>y ,review1 ,sept4 #ahig74 ,?is view is combat$1 x seems to me rightly1 by ,h4 ,t4 ,&rews 9 ! ,expository ,times = ,novemb] #ahig1 p4 #id f4 ,he ?9ks x probable t ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria & ,polyc>p are bo? dep5d5t on ,clem5t ( ,rome4#abe 7#e7 ,9 spite ( all ^! difficulties1 a sy/ematic exam9ation ( ! ,patri/ic quotations rema9s "o ( ! mo/ important tasks = ! textual criticism ( ! ,n4 ,t4 ,we h mo/ useful collections1 bo? anci5t & mod]n1 ( passages f ! ,fa!rs to illu/rate ! hi/ory ( ! ,canon1 & _! use ( ! ,scriptures has be5 scrut9is$ 9 ! int]e/s ( dogmatic hi/ory1 b !re are n yet1 s f> z ,i "k1 any collections ( ,patri/ic quotations to elucidate ! hi/ory ( ! text4 ,two ?+s are specially want$ at pres5t4 ,"o is a collection1 arrang$ accord+ to "t & locality1 ( all ! passages 9 :i* ! ,fa!rs appeal to 4 ,9 ! new volumes ( ,orig51 e4g41 we f9d two su* ref]5ces-- 7i4 #aac71 & 7ii4 #eb74abf ,! o!r desid]atum is a collection ( all ! passages 9 ! biographies ( ! ,sa9ts :]e m5tion is made ( ! writ+ ( ,biblical manuscripts4 ,x is said ( ,evagrius1 e4g41 9 ! ,hi/oria ,lausiaca 7c4 #bh 9 ,preus*51 ,palladius1 p4 #aaa71 1 & ! prep>ation ( ,biblical manuscripts is also ref]r$ to 9 ! ,vita ,epiphanii 7ed4 ,petav4 ii471 & 9 ,cassiodorus1 ,de ,in/itutione ,div9>um ,lit]>um 7see above1 p4 #ej74 ,on ! use hi!rto made ( ,patri/ic te/imony see ! section ,de ,scriptoribus ,ecclesia/icis 9 ,ti,gr41 #aabi-abcj4 ,an abridg$ li/ ( ^? m5tion$ !re w be f\nd 9 ,baljon's ,new ,te/am5t1 pp4 xv4-xxiii4 ,a catalogue ( ! names & dates ( ! ,patri/ic writ]s mo/ frequ5tly cit$ 9 critical editions ( ! ,n4 ,t4 is giv5 9 ,scriv5]1 ii4 pp4 #agb-agd4abg ,see also ,urt41 p4 #bb1 #ef f41 #id4 ,on ! ,old ,lat9 ,didascalia1 see ,ed4 ,haul] 9 ! ,w4,s4,b41 #ahie1 vol4 cxxxiv4 p4 #dj ff41 & ! ,mitteilung5 ( ,b4 ,g4 ,teubn]1 #ahig1 ii4 p4 #eb4abh ,on ! ,biblical text ( ,fila/rius 7,c4,s4,e41 vol4 xxxviii41 #ahih71 see ,kroll 9 ! notice ( ,m>x's edition 9 ! ,b]l94 ,phil4 ,wo*5s*rift1 #ahih1 #bg4 ,on ,jov9ian1 see ,,tu41 ,new ,s]ies1 ii4 #a1 etc4 ,on ! quotations f ! ,gospels 9 ,novatian 7,pseudo-,cyprian7 see ,h>nack 9 ,,tu41 xiii4 #d4 ,footnote #ah3 ,zahn1 ,ges*i*te des ,n4,t4 ,kanons1 i4 #feb2 ,e9leitung1 i4 #aec4 ,footnote #ai3 ,f ! ,cod4 ,monac4 #bee & #eea1 publi%$ by ,aug4 ,!nn 9 ! ,zeits*rift fr wiss5s*aftli*e ,!ologie #bi 7#ahhg71 #dec4 ,footnote #bj3 ,! mo/ conv5i5t survey ( ^! is giv5 9 ,voll]t's 8,tabell5 zur neute/am5tli*5 ,zeitges*i*te3 mit e9] ,ueb]si*t b] die ,codices 9 d55 die ,n4,t4 ,s*rift5 bezeugt s9d40 ,leipzig1 #ahig4 ,giv5 9 ,sitt]ly 7see above1 p4 #cc74 ,footnote #ba3 ,see e4g4 ,plate ,i4 ,footnote #bb3 ,see e4g4 ,plate ,x4 ,footnote #bc3 ,see ,scriv5]1 i4 p4 #afj2 ,rahlfs1 ,gtt+] gelehrte ,na*ri*t51 #ahih1 i4 #ih-aab4 ,footnote #bd3 ,ti,gr41 pp4 #abcc ff42 ,w>field1 ,textual ,criticism ( ! ,n4,t41 p4 #dg4 ,footnote #be3 ,to obviate confusion1 x w\ld be well to use ! ,lat9 "n ,evangeli>ium4 means a ,table ( ,lections4 7,see ,brightman1 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 #aijj1 p4 #ddh1 & n[ ,gregory1 ,textkritik1 i4 p4 #ccd f47 ,footnote #bf3 ,nat4 ,hi/41 xiii4 #aa4 ,footnote #bg3 ,egitto1 #bnd ed41 p4 #abe4 ,footnote #bh3 ,vide ,?4 ,momms51 ,das ,diokletianis*e ,edikt b] die ,w>5preise 7,h]mes1 xxv4 #ag-cf1 #ahij72 on ! fragm5ts rec5tly discov]$ 9 ,megalopolis1 see ,w4 ,lor+1 ,j\rnal ( ,hell5ic ,/udies1 #ahij1 #bii2 also1 ,revue ,ar*ologique1 ,m>s-,avril1 #ahia1 #bfh4 ,footnote #bi3 ,h]odotus v4 #eh4 ,on ! connection ( lit]a & 1 see ,m4 ,bral1 ,rev4 des ,et4 grecques1 iii4 #aj1 #ahij1 #aba ff41 & ,rev4 ,crit41 #ahib1 #ac4 ,9 ,cyprus ! s*oolma/] 0 call$ ! 4 ,footnote #cj3 ,cf4 ,codex ,d1 ,m>k i4 #f4 ,footnote #ca3 ,cf4 ,victor ,s*ultze1 ,rolle und ,codex1 9 ! ,greifswald] ,/udi51 ,gt]sloh1 #ahie1 p4 #adi ff4 ,footnote #cb3 ,vide ,c4 ,r4 ,gregory1 ,sur les cahi]s des manuscrits grecs1 ,acadmie des ,inscriptions1 ,aug4 #ahhe2 ,b]l9] ,phil4 ,wo*5s*rift1 #ahhf1 v4 #aei ff4 ,footnote #cc3 ,e4g4 9 ,cod4 ,b>occ4 #a 9 ! ,bodleian1 & 9 sev]al ,syriac manuscripts4 ,footnote #cd3 ,vide ,g4 ,eb]s1 ,kais] ,hadrian3 also ,! ,writ+ ,mat]ial ( ,antiquity1 by ,eb]s1 9 ! ,cosmopolitan ,magaz9e1 ,new ,york1 ,nov4 #ahic2 & especially ,dziatzko 7see above1 p4 #cc74 ,on ! papyrus plant 7,cyp]us papyrus ,l41 ,papyrus ,antiquorum ,willd471 see ,b]n>d de ,montfaucon1 ,diss]tation sur la plante appele ,papyrus1 sur le papi] d'gypte1 etc4 ,memoires de l',acadmie ,royale des ,inscriptions et ,belles ,lettres1 ,t4 vi4 ,p>is1 #agbi1 #dto41 pp4 #eib-fjh2 ,franz ,wo5ig1 ,die ,pflanz5 im alt5 ,aegypt51 ihre ,heimat1 ,ges*i*te1 ,kultur1 ,leipzig1 #ahhf1 pp4 #gd-abi4 ,j4 ,hoskyns-,abrahall po9t$ out t x is f\nd 9 ,europe1 n only 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ,syracuse 9 ,sicily1 b also on ! %ores ( ,lake ,trasim5e3 see ,! ,papyrus 9 ,europe1 9 ! ,academy1 #ai? ,m>4 #ahhg4 ,lag>de rais$ a "q z to ! etymology ( ! ^w papyrus 7:i* has n yet be5 expla9$71 :e!r x might n be d]iv$ f ,bura on ,lake ,m5zaleh1 :]e x 0 fir/ manufactur$1 pa be+ ! article 9 ,egyptian2 see 8 ,mitteilung51 ii4 #bfj4 ,if ?is is s1 !re is ! m reason = pron\nc+ ! y long1 z anci5t writ]s did1 & n %ort z ! mod]n fa%ion is--paprus1 n ppyrus4 ,cf4 ,juv5al1 iv4 #bd2 vii4 #aja2 ,m>t4 iii4 #b2 viii4 #dd2 x4 #ig4 ,catull4 xxxv4 #b4 ,ovid1 ,met4 xv4 #gec2 ,tri/4 iii4 #aj1 #bg4 ,footnote #ce3 ,see ,u4 ,wilck51 ,recto od] ,v]so1 ,h]mes1 #ahhg1 #dhg-dib4 ,footnote #cf3 ,apoc4 v4 #a c no long] be cit$ 9 support ( ?is practice1 see+ we mu/ take ) 1 accord+ to ,grotius & ,zahn4 ,on 1 cf4 ,lucian1 ,vit>um ,auctio1 #i2 ,pl9y1 #c1 #e2 a t]go ,juv5al1 #a1 #f2 9 av]sa *>ta1 ,m>tial1 #h1 #bb4 ,footnote #cg3 ,pausanias1 ix4 #ca1 #d4 ,footnote #ch3 ,deissmann1 ,bibel/udi51 #bf-ed4 ,footnote #ci3 ,hill] von ,ga]tr+51 ,b]l4 ,sitz4-,b]41 #ba/ ,july #ahih4 ,footnote #dj3 ,see ,wilck51 ,v]e9 von ,alt]/umsfreund5 im ,rhe9l&4 ,heft lxxxvi4 p4 #bcd2 also ! ,b]l4 ,phil4 ,wo*5s*rift1 #ahhi1 #bf4 ,footnote #da3 ,cf4 ,livy1 ,b4 iv4 c4 #g2 ,pl9y1 xiii4 #aa1 8po/ea publica monum5ta plumbeis volum9ibus mox et privata l9teis confici coepta sunt40 ,footnote #db3 ,jdis*es ,lit]aturblatt1 #ahhi1 #aj4 ,footnote #dc3 ,cf4 ! v]ses inscrib$ on a m>ble tablet discov]$ 9 ,&ros by ,ross 9 #ahdd3-- 444 ' 4444 ,footnote #dd3 ,see ,ne/le1 ,b5gel1 p4 #aje4 ,footnote #de3 ,zeits*rift fr das ,humani/is*e ,gymnasium1 #ahif1 p4 #bg4 ,footnote #df3 ,o4 ,h(fmann1 ,grie*is*e ,dialekte1 i4 #ajg4 ,footnote #dg3 ,probably p5s ( ! fir/ quality--4 ,footnote #dh3 ,h>ris1 ,la/ ,words ( ,b>u*1 vi4 #ag1 p4 #ef4 ,footnote #di3 ,vide ,h>nack1 ,t4 und ,u41 ii4 #e1 p4 #fh4 ,footnote #ej3 ,soc91 ,arabic ,gramm>1 #bnd ed41 p4 #ee1 l9e #ad2 p4 #ef1 l9e #ab4 ,footnote #ea3 ,zdm,g41 xliii4 #edg4 ,footnote #eb3 ,kon/ant9 ,oikonomos1 1 ,bk4 iv4 p4 #ige4 ,footnote #ec3 ,hody1 #afhd1 p4 #bed ff4 ,footnote #ed3 ,vide ,h>nack 9 ! ,th,lz41 #ahhe1 cols4 #cba1 #cbd1 n4 #e4 ,footnote #ee3 ,ed4 ,feige1 p4 #ec4 ,footnote #ef3 ,div94 ,lect41 c4 xv4 ,footnote #eg3 ,s*s4 ,sitz4-,b]4 7#ahhi71 xi4 #d1 #cfi4 ,footnote #eh3 ,balsamon1 ! ,canoni/ 7c4 #abjj71 compla9s t ' 1 & he reque/s 4 ,footnote #ei3 ,on ,con/ant9e's ,bibles1 see ,we/cott1 ,canon1 c4 ii4 p4 #dbf2 ,bible 9 ! ,*ur*1 c4 vi4 p4 #aee ff42 ,zahn1 ,ges*i*te des ,n4 ,t4 ,kanons1 i4 #fd4 ,zahn combats ! supposition t ! entire ,bible 0 conta9$ 9 ea* ,codex1 po9t+ out q rightly t 9 t case ! latt] c\ld n h be5 1 & moreov] t ,con/ant9e speaks ( 1 :i* does n mean codices b some?+ mu* m indef9ite4 ,nor does he believe t ,eusebius int5d$ to specify ! numb] ( %eets 9 ea* quire ( ! ,codex or ( ! columns 9 :i* x 0 writt54 8,! fifty ,bibles might & w\ld be di/ribut$ 9 #bjj to #djj volumes40 ,accord+ to ! view tak5 above !re w\ld be f #aej to #bjj ( ^!4 ,cf4 ,scriv5]1 i4 p4 #aah1 n4 #b4 ,footnote #fj3 ,= ! ord] ( ! books 9 1 see ,we/cott1 ,bible 9 ! ,*ur*1 ,app5dix ,b1 8,cont5ts ( ! mo/ anci5t ,,mss4 ( ! ,bible 7,a1 ,b1 1 ,d1 ,amiat4702 ,hi/4 ( ! ,canon1 ,app5dix ,d1 8,catalogues ( ,books ( ! ,bible dur+ ! fir/ eight ,c5turies40 ,footnote #fa3 ,six leaves are n[ want+ betwe5 ,b>nabas & ,h]mas4 ,:at did ^! conta91 %all we suppose8 ,p]haps ! ,dida*e4 ,s*mi$el makes a diff]5t conjecture 9 ! ,lit]>is*es ,c5tralblatt1 #ahig1 n4 #di ,footnote #fb3 ,vide ,wordswor? & ,:ite1 ,epilogus1 p4 #gcg1 ,de ,sectionibus ,ammonianis 9 ,evangeliis4 ,footnote #fc3 4 ,footnote #fd3 ,?is agrees ) ! la/ ( ! s-call$ ,apo/olic ,canons 7#he71 :i* includes among ! ,books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t aft] ! ,epi/les ( ,james & ,jude4 ,see ,we/cott1 ,canon1 ,app5dix ,d4 iii4 a4 ,footnote #fe3 ,on ! ,alex&rian division ( ! ,gospels into #fh1 #dh1 #hc1 & #ah sections respectively1 see ,k5yon 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 i4 #adi4 ,footnote #ff3 ,= ! ,fe/al ,lett]1 see ,we/cott1 ,canon1 ,app4 ,d4 xiv41 p4 #eed2 ,bible 9 ! ,*ur*1 p4 #aei ff42 ,preus*5's ,analecta1 pp4 #add ff42 ,burgess1 ,fe/al ,lett]s ( ,a?anasius translat$ f ! ,syriac1 p4 #acg4 ,sahidic publi%$ by ,c4 ,s*midt 9 ! ,na*ri*t5 m5tion$ above1 #ahih1 p4 #afg ff4 ,he holds x to be ! orig9al =m ( ! ,lett]4 ,footnote #fg3 ,e4g4 1 #abb;b1 #d4 ,footnote #fh3 ,an ,indiction is a cycle ( fifte5 ye>s1 comput$ by ! ,greeks f #a/ ,septemb] #cab ,a4,d4 ,its introduction 0 ascrib$ to ,con/ant9e ! ,great4 ,see ,scriv5]1 i41 ,app4 ,c1 p4 #chj4 ,footnote #fi3 ,see ,scriv5]1 #a4 p4 #afj1 "u 4 ,?is m9uscule seems to be omitt$ f ,scriv5]'s li/4 ,see bel[1 p4 #ahe4 ,footnote #gj3 8,to ,rome to come1 to ,rome to come1 ,mu* ( tr\ble1 little ( pr(it1 ,! ?+ ?\ seeke/ "h1 ,if ?\ br+ n ) !e1 ?\ f9de/ n02 etc41 etc4 ,see ,scriv5]1 i4 #ahj4 ,footnote #ga3 ,or ,evagrius4 ,! "n is difficult to deciph]4 ,see bel[1 pp4 #ahh ff4 ,footnote #gb3 444 4 ,footnote #gc3 ,p]haps 9 ,s>d9ia1 see bel[4 ,cf4 ,scriv5]1 i4 p4 #fc n4 #a4 ,footnote #gd3 ,see ,scriv5] 7,mill]71 i4 p4 #cig4 ,footnote #ge3 ,comp>e ! rem>ks ( ,gr5fell-,hunt on ! papyrus 7& vellum7 books & _! respective h&writ+s 9 ,"p ,,ii4 ( ! ,oxyrhyn*us ,papyri1 p4 #b f4 ,footnote #gf3 ,facsimiles ( #ac1 #fi1 #abd1 #cdf are giv5 9 ,abbott's ,collation ( ,f\r ,important ,manuscripts 7,dubl91 #ahgg72 see ,scriv5]1 i4 #cdc1 ,plate ,,xiii1 #dj4 ,footnote #gg3 ,see ,blass's ,praefatio to 8 edition ( ,luke1 pp4 lxix f4 7#ahig71 & comp>e ,ha/+s' ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 iii4 p4 #add2 ,hoski]1 above1 p4 #e2 bel[1 p4 #baa4 ,footnote #gh3 ,zahn ass]ts t traces ( a sy/em ( ,lections are to be f\nd z e>ly z 9 ,ir5aeus1 & likewise 9 ,codex ,d4 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #cee1 on ,luke i4 #bf4 ,footnote #gi3 ,on ,luke viii4 #ae ,tis*5dorf obs]ves t 9 #di;evl 7a ,lection>y ( ! t5? or elev5? c5tury1 n[ 9 ,mosc[1 pres5t$ to ! ,mona/]y ( ! ,"m ( ,god by ,nicephorus1 ,metropolitan ( ,crete1 & ,anti/es ( ,lac$mon1 9 #acab7 ! lection end$ ) ?is v]se 7#ae7 & ! words atta*$ to x1 8,& s say+ ,he cri$1 ,he t ha? e>s to he>1 let him he>10 & t ! additional v]ses 7 n read 1 b vv4 #bj1 #ba-be foll[$ imm$iately aft] ! words 7v4 #ae74 ,footnote #hj3 ,on ! 8,livre d'vangiles rput avoir app>t5u ,s4 ,jean ,*ryso/ome10 cf4 ,*4 ,graux1 9 ! ,revue de ,philologie1 ,avril #ahhg4 ,footnote #ha3 ,cf4 ,eusebius1 ,demons4 ,evan41 iii4 #g1 #ae1 4 ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #cc2 ,!oph41 v4 #fd2 ,laud4 ,con/41 xvii4 #i4 ,footnote #hb3 ,! date ( ,tatian's bir? is unc]ta94 ,zahn decides = ! ye> #aaj4 ,he 0 9 ! prime ( manhood by ! ye> #afj4 ,see ,ha/+s1 ,bible ,diction>y1 ii4 p4 #fig4 ,footnote #hc3 ,see bel[1 p4 #bac1 n4 #c4 ,footnote #hd3 ,! ,pe%itto1 s indicat$ f ! pr9cipal edition by ,s*aaf1 #agjh-i4 ,footnote #he3 ,! ,dialogues ( ,a?anasius & ,zac*aeus1 & ( ,timo?y & ,aquila4 ,edit$ ) ,prolegom5a & ,facsimiles by ,f4 ,c4 ,conybe>e 7,ox=d1 #ahih2 ,anecdota ,oxoni5sia1 ,classical ,s]ies1 ,"p ,,viii474 ,see ,notice 9 ! ,lit4 ,cbl41 #ahii1 ,no4 #e1 col4 #aed f4 ,footnote #hf3 ,dates are /ill reckon$ 9 ,syria accord+ to ! ,greek era1 c\nt+ f ! ye> #cab ,b4,c4 ,footnote #hg3 ,hi]apolis1 n[ ,membids* on ! ,euphrates4 ,footnote #hh3 ,i4 ,h4 ,hall1 ,syriac ,manuscript ,gospels ( a ,pre-,h>kl5sian ,v]sion1 #ahhc4 ,footnote #hi3 ,! ,gospels appe>$ 9 #aggh1 ! ,acts & ,ca?olic ,epi/les 9 #agii1 & ! ,paul9e ,epi/les 9 #ahjc4 ,footnote #ij3 ,9 ,tis*5dorf's critical app>atus ^! fragm5ts are indicat$ z ,syrp7o/]ior7 or z ,syr:it7e74 ,x w\ld be bett] to use ! symbol ,syrpo7lyc>p7 = ! fir/ v]sion ( #ejh made by ,polyc>p = ,philox5us1 & ,syr?o7mas7 = ,?omas ( ,h>kel's rec5sion ( #faf4 ,gebh>dt's notation is z foll[s3--,syra is ! ,curetonian2 ,syrb is ! ,pe%itto2 ,syrc is ! ,h>klean1 ( :i* aga9 ,syrct is ! text1 ,syrcm ! m>g91 ,syrc99 sub a/]isco2 ,syrd is ! ,j]usalem ,syriac2 :ile ,syrbodl is ! text ( #b ,pet]1 #b & #c ,john1 & ,jude4 ,zahn proposes to indicate ! ,philox5ian 7,tis*5dorf's ,syrbodl7 by ,syr#b1 & ! ,h>klean by ,syr#c2 = ! ,gospels he w\ld employ ,syrc1 ,syrs1 ,syrh2 ,syr#a1 !re=e1 is ! ,pe%itto4 ,footnote #ia3 ,l&1 9 ! ,anecdota ,syriaca1 iv41 #ahge2 ,h>ris1 ,biblical ,fragm5ts f ,m\nt ,s9ai1 #ahij2 ,gwilliam1 9 ! ,anecdota ,oxoni5sia1 ,semitic ,s]ies1 i4 #e1 #ahic2 ix4 #ahif2 ,lewis-,ne/le-,gibson1 ,/udia ,s9aitica1 vi4 ,footnote #ib3 ,see ,f4 ,buli1 ,wo lag ,/ridon1 die ,heimat des h4 ,hi]onymus8 9 ! ,fe/s*rift fr ,otto ,b5ndorf4 ,vi5na1 #ahih4 ,also ,la patrie de ,s4 ,j]ome 9 ,analecta ,boll&iana1 xviii4 #c4 ,footnote #ic3 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #aie4 ,footnote #id3 ,epilogus ad ,evangelia1 p4 #fef4 ,footnote #ie3 ,no4 #ga2 #afd 9 ,j]ome's lett]s4 ,footnote #if3 ,no4 #ef 7,a4,d4 #cid71 #fg 7#cig71 #aja 7#djb74 ,footnote #ig3 ,burkitt's view 0 express$ m ?an ?ree-qu>t]s ( a c5tury ago by ,c4 ,a4 ,brey!r1 9 a diss]tation entitl$1 ,de vi quam antiquissimae v]siones quae extant lat9ae 9 cris9 evangeliorum ,,iv4 hab5t 7,m]seburg1 #ahbd74 ,see v4 ,dobs*tz1 ,th,lz41 #ahig1 #ace4 ,footnote #ih3 ,photoli?ograph$ by ,cldat f a ,,ms4 at ,lyons4 ,footnote #ii3 ,j4 ,heid5rei*1 ,d] neute/am5tli*e ,text bei ,cyprian v]gli*5 mit dem ,vulgatatext4 ,e9e textkritis*e ,unt]su*ung zu d5 h4 ,s*rift5 des ,neu5 ,te/am5tes4 ,bamb]g1 #aijj4 ,footnote #ajj3 ,?is is ! view ( ,zahn4 ,o!rs1 h[ev]1 h no d\bt t ,t]tullian made use ( a ,lat9 v]sion4 ,hoppe1 9 8 treatise1 ,de s]mone ,t]tullianeo ,quae/iones ,selectae 7#ahig71 p4 #f 7de ,graecismis ,t]tulliani7 says1 8,p]multas enim 7con/ructiones7 ,t4 mutuatus e/ vel ex scriptoribus graecis1 quibus assidue /uduit1 vel ex librorum sacrorum translatione lat9a graecismis abundante1 qua utebatur40 ,& to ?is he adds1 8,quam multa vocabula graeca 9 ,t]tullianeum s]monem ex ,itala quae vocatur translatione r$undav]9t1 discas ex ,ro5s*ii libro cum impigritate conscripto1 qui inscribitur1 ,itala und ,vulgata1 ed4 sec41 p4 #bch40 ,! ,itala is cit$ = sciant quia 7p4 #ah71 absque 7p4 #dd71 & = ! use ( ! sup]lative = ! positive 7p4 #di74 ,on ?is la/ ! writ] ref]s to ,rns*1 p4 #dae1 & adds1 8ex ,itala ,t4 hunc usum aliquoti5s assumpsisse videtur1 quamquam 9 univ]sum vitat40 ,cf4 ,we/cott1 ,canon1 ,"p ,i41 c4 iii4 p4 #bea ff4 ,footnote #aja3 ,?us we h1 foll[+ ! numb]s giv5 above1 9 v]se #d 7#a7 & 7or 71 7#b7 & 1 7#c7 & 1 7#d7 & 1 7#e7 & 1 7#g7 7or 7 & 7or 71 7#h7 7or 7 & 1 7#i7 & 772 9 v]se #aa1 7#aj7 & its omission2 9 v]se #ac1 7#ad7 & 1 7#ae7 & 1 7#af7 & 4 ,( ^! 7#h71 7#ae71 & 7#af7 are f\nd only 9 ,d4 ,9 ! case ( 7#ae7 ! v same v>iation is f\nd at ,tob4 vi4 #aj 9 ! two rec5sions repres5t$ by ,codex ,vaticanus & ,codex ,s9aiticus4 ,footnote #ajb3 #ahhi1 #ia1 #ic1 #ie1 #ih2 cit$ 9 ! sequel z ,w4-,w4 ,footnote #ajc3 ,on ! ,epilogus to ! fir/ volume ( _! ,ox=d edition1 see especially ,s4 ,b]g] 9 ! ,revue ,critique1 #ahhi1 pp4 #ada-add2 & on ! :ole1 ,burkitt1 ,! ,vulgate ,gospels & ! ,codex ,brixianus1 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 ,i4 i4 7,oct4 #ahii7 pp4 #abi-acd4 ,footnote #ajd3 ,comp>e ,e4 ,maug5ot1 ,les manuscrits grecs des vangiles employs p> ,sa9t ,j]me1 9 ! ,revue des sci5ces ecclsia/iques1 ,janu>y #aijj4 ,footnote #aje3 ,! ,new ,te/am5t is conta9$ 9 vol4 iii4 ,! copy ,i use has ! date #agdc on ! title-pages ( ?ree volumes1 b !re is a note at ! end1 p4 #aaae1 :i* says1 8,e prelo exiit hic tomus anno #agdi40 ,rom1 #agac-ai1 9 ,ti,gr41 p4 #acej1 is a mispr9t4 ,! imprimaturs ( ! fir/ volume are dat$ #agcg4 ,! "w 0 repr9t$ ) new title-pages at ,p>is by ,fr4 ,didot1 #agea4 ,copies n[ co/ f #ae to #be4 ,footnote #ajf3 ,! ^w ,coptic is n d]iv$ f ! t[n 9 ,upp] ,egypt call$ ,coptos1 b is a modification ( ! ,greek ^w 4 ,footnote #ajg3 ,! spell+ ,bahiric is due to a wrong vocalisation ( ! ^w4 ,footnote #ajh3 ,on ! ,middle ,egyptian1 see ,w4 ,e4 ,crum 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 ,i4 #c 7,april #aijj71 pp4 #daf ff4 ,footnote #aji3 ,we/cott1 ,canon1 ,"p ,,ii41 *apt] ii41 #a sub f9em4 ,footnote #aaj3 ,h4 ,hyv]nat1 ,un fragm5t 9dit de la v]sion sahidique du ,n\veau ,te/am5t 7,ephes4 i4 #f-;ii4 #h;b74 ,revue ,biblique1 ,april #aijj1 pp4 #bdh-bec4 ,! fragm5t is ( ! eigh? or n9? c5tury4 ,footnote #aaa3 ,see also ! ,greek & ,middle ,egyptian manuscript publi%$ by ,crum & ,k5yon1 ref]r$ to above1 p4 #gj4 ,footnote #aab3 ,! dates ( ,ulfilas' bir? & dea? are unc]ta94 ,he c]ta9ly liv$ till autumn #cha or #chc4 ,! date ( 8 life is v>i\sly giv5 z #caj-chj or #cah-chh4 ,accord+ to ,kauffmann1 ! ,synod at :i* ,ulfilas 0 consecrat$ ,bi%op 0 t ( ,antio*1 ,de ,enca5iis1 #cda4 ,footnote #aac3 ,or #aaae accord+ to ! ,arm5ian reckon+4 ,footnote #aad3 ,celsus's polemic aga9/ ,*ri/ianity has p]i%$1 b consid]able fragm5ts are emb$d$ 9 ,orig5's ,reply4 ,see ,ante-,nic5e ,*ri/ian ,libr>y1 vol4 xxiii41 7,cl>k1 ,ed9474 ,footnote #aae3 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria cites ,matt4 xviii4 #c 9 f\r diff]5t ways4 ,he quotes ,matt4 v4 #de six times1 & only once accurately4 ,footnote #aaf3 ,petropol4 gr4 #bed1 =m]ly cit$ z ,p>is4 coisl4 #bab1 writt5 9 ! ye> #aaaa1 ! olde/ manuscript t ,lag>de 0 able to use = 8 edition ( ! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions4 ,fur!r examples ( ! untru/wor?9ess ( manuscripts & pr9t$ editions w be f\nd 9 ! small pr9t at ! end ( ?is section4 ,footnote #aag3 ,see ext5d$ note 7#b7 at ! end ( ! *apt]1 p4 #adi4 ,footnote #aah3 ,on ! "q :e!r ,clem5t ( ,rome knew ! second ,epi/le ( ,paul to ! ,cor9?ians1 see ,j4 ,h4 ,k5n$y1 ,! ,second & ,?ird ,epi/les ( ,/4 ,paul to ! ,cor9?ians4 ,london1 #aijj1 p4 #adb ff4 ,footnote #aai3 ,we/cott1 ,canon1 ,"p ,i41 c4 ii4 #g4 ,footnote #abj3 ,ibid41 ,"p ,,ii41 c4 i4 #a42 c4 ii4 #d4 ,footnote #aba3 ,ambrosia/] is ! "n giv5 to ! unkn[n writ] ( a ,comm5t>y on ! ,paul9e ,epi/les1 :i* till ! "t ( ,erasmus 0 attribut$ to ,ambrose4 ,9 rec5t times ,dom ,g4 ,mor9 has rais$ ! "q :e!r ! writ] may n be "o ,isaac1 :o is kn[n to h liv$ 9 ! papacy ( ,damasus4 ,he 0 a ,jewi% conv]t to ,*ri/ianity1 & aft]w>ds return$ to 8 =m] fai?4 ,see ,dom ,g4 ,mor91 ,l',ambrosia/] et le juif conv]ti ,isaac1 contempora9 du pape ,damase1 9 ! ,revue d',hi/oire et de ,littrature religieuses1 iv4 #b 7#ahii71 #aab4 ,?is writ] in=ms u t a new edition ( ! :ole ( ,ambrosia/] w be br\ght out by ,a4 ,amelli on ! basis ( a v old manuscript f ,monte ,cass9o4 ,mor9 believes t ! text ( ?is manuscript1 9 spite ( its age1 is 8=tem5t ret\*1 dont on a lim9 la plup>t des traits vraim5t intressants0 7ibid41 p4 #aba74 ,footnote #abb3 ,?is rem9ds u ( h[ ,lu!r us$ to entreat ! pr9t]s to let 8 writ+s /& z he wrote !m4 ,footnote #abc3 ,call$ #bpe by ,tis*5dorf1 & numb]$ #ha 9 ,we/cott & ,hort1 & #efe 9 ,ti,gr4 ,m>k ( ?is manuscript 0 edit$ by ,bel%eim 9 #ahhe1 ) a collation ( ! o!r ?ree ,gospels4 ,x is a valuable cursive1 z appe>s f :at is said ( x 9 ,w-,h3 8,! mo/ valuable cursive = ! pres]vation ( ,we/]n read+s 9 ! ,gospels is #ha1 a ,/4 ,pet]sburg manuscript call$ #bpe by ,tis*5dorf1 z /&+ second 9 a li/ ( docum5ts collat$ by ,muralt4 ,x has a l>ge anci5t elem5t1 9 great measure ,we/]n1 & 9 ,/4 ,m>k its anci5t read+s are num]\s en\gh to be ( real importance40 ,see above1 "u ,codex ,n1 p4 #fh4 ,footnote #abd3 ,! ,fir/ ,"p has be5 issu$3 ,a ,textual ,comm5t>y ^u ! ,holy ,gospels4 ,"p ,i4 ,/4 ,mat!w1 ,division ,i41 cc4 i4-xiv4 7,london1 ,bell1 #ahii74 ,see notice by ,gwilliam 9 ,! ,critical ,review1 ,may #aijj4 ,9 ?is "w ,orig5 is also cit$ = ,matt4 v4 #dd4 ,footnote #abe3 ,9 ! ,expository ,times = ,octob] #ahig1 p4 #ac ff41 ,i h call$ att5tion to ano!r in/ance 9 :i* a ,scriptural quotation 7,isaiah lii4 #e7 is giv5 ) rem>kable simil>ity 9 ! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions1 ) its orig9al 7i4 #aj1 iii4 #e1 vii4 #bjd71 9 ,ignatius 7,ad ,trallianos1 viii471 & 9 #bnd ,clem5t 7c4 xiii474 ,simil> ?+s are to be obs]v$ ev5 9 ! ,n4,t41 z1 e4g41 9 ,m>k i4 #b1 :]e a quotation f ,mala*i iii4 #a is ins]t$ betwe5 ! head+1 8,9 ! prophet ,isaiah10 & ! words tak5 f t book4 ,b !y are f\nd also 9 ! writ+s ( ,paul1 :i* has l$ to ! view t he may possibly h us$ "s sort ( dogmatic an?ology ( ! ,o4 ,t4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria has a good _m quotations f ,philo4 ,on 8 quotations f ! ,gospels1 see ,p4 ,m4 ,b>n>d1 ,! ,biblical ,text ( ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria 9 ! ,f\r ,gospels & ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les4 ,texts & ,/udies1 v4 #e1 ,cambridge1 #ahii4 ,footnote #abf3 ,see bel[1 ,app5dix ,,ii41 4 ,footnote #abg3 ,vide infra1 ,app5dix ,i4 ,footnote #abh3 ,fasciculus i41 edit$ by ,haul]1 #aijj4 ,,*apt] ,,iii4 ,,!ory ,,& ,,praxis ,,( ,,! ,,textual ,,criticism ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4#abi ,!re is no special !ory ( ! textual criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,! task & ! me?od are ! same = all lit]>y productions4 ,! task is to exhibit :at ! orig9al writ] int5d$ to communicate to 8 read]s1 & ! me?od is simply t ( trac+ ! hi/ory ( ! docum5t 9 "q back to its beg9n+1 if1 & 9 s f> z1 we h ! means to d s at our comm&4 ,div]sity ( treatm5t c only arise :5 ! =tunes ( "o writt5 "w h be5 m *equ]$ & complicat$ ?an ^? ( ano!r1 or :5 we h m abundant means at our disposal to help u 9 ! "o case ?an 9 ! o!r4 ,! task is v simple :5 we h only "o completely indep5d5t docum5t to deal )1 z 9 ! case ( sev]al ( ! rec5tly discov]$ papyri1 b ?is occurs v seldom ) lit]>y texts4 ,9 ?is case all t we h to d is to see t we read ! exi/+ text correctly1 & !n by means ( ! s-call$ int]nal criticism to det]m9e :e!r ! text s receiv$ c be correct4 ,sid5ote3 ,int]nal ,criticism4 ,ev5 :5 sev]al witnesses are at our comm&1 we _c altoge!r disp5se ) ?is int]nal criticism 9 ! matt] ( sift+ & weigh+ _! te/imony1 only x w\ld be un=tunate 7 we left ) su* a subjective crit]ion alone4 ,= n only 9 su* a case w\ld diff]5t s*ol>s come to v diff]5t conclusions1 b ev5 "o & ! same s*ol> w\ld n be able to avoid a c]ta9 am\nt ( unc]ta9ty & inconsi/5cy 9 mo/ cases4 ,! pr9ciple laid d[n 9 ! maxim1 lectio difficilior placet1 or1 z ,b5gel m correctly & m cauti\sly puts x1 proclivi scriptioni prae/at ardua1 is p]fectly s\nd2 t read+ is correct1 is ! orig9al read+1 f :i* ! orig9 ( ano!r or ( sev]al o!rs c be mo/ easily expla9$4 ,b h[ seldom c ?is be e/abli%$ ) c]ta9ty6 ,take an illu/ration3-- ,sid5ote3 ,conclusion ( ! ,apocalypse4 ,h[ does ! ,apocalypse1 & ! ,new ,te/am5t ) x1 conclude8 ,leav+ out ( acc\nt additions l 8,am50 or 8,am51 ,am510 & v>iations l 8,! grace ( ! ,"l ,jesus10 & 8our ,"l ,jesus10 & 8! ,"l ,jesus ,*ri/10 & 8,*ri/0 simply1 we f9d t ! foll[+ =ms are giv53-- 7#a7 7#b7 7#c7 7#d7 7#e7 ,h[ are we to decide )\t ext]nal evid5ce :i* is ! correct =m8 ,ev5 suppos+ we "k t ! fir/ two are out ( ! "q1 & :y !y are s1 x is v difficult on int]nal gr\nds alone to decide betwe5 ! o!r ?ree4 ,la*mann1 :o did n "k ( 7#e71 decid$ 9 fav\r ( 7#d74 ,b s does ,tis*5dorf1 ,weizsck]1 & ,weiss1 ! latt] giv+ z 8 reason = do+ s t 7#e71 1 is explanatory ( 7#d71 1 :i* is manife/ly too g5]al1 & t 7#c7 is ! result ( a comb9ation ( ^! two4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,tregelles & ,we/cott & ,hort fav\r 7#e71 )\t s mu* z m5tion+ 7#d7 9 _! m>g92 :ile ,b\sset1 ! late/ expositor ( ! ,apocalypse1 reg>ds 7#c7 z ! correct read+1 & ?9ks t 9 all probability bo? 7#d7 & 7#e7 are due to a transcriptional error4 ,:o is to decide :5 doctors disagree8 ,manife/ly "o might argue on q z good if n bett] gr\nds ?an ^? ( ,weiss to ! v opposite conclusion--viz4 t a lat] writ] :o wi%$ ! ,apocalypse1 & ) x ! ,new ,te/am5t1 to conclude ) z compreh5sive a b5$iction z possible1 sub/itut$ ! words 8,grace be ) all0 9 place ( ! re/rict$ & some:at /range expression 8,grace be ) ! sa9ts40 ,i did n obs]ve t ,b\sset /ill def5ds ! ?ird =m :5 ,i said 9 ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w t ?is read+ does n fall to be consid]$ at all4 ,b my reason = say+ s 0 n 8because ?is =m proves to be a comb9ation ( ! o!r two10 or 8because ! au?orities = x are lat]10 b because x c\ld be %[n t its support]s foll[ a correct$ text 9 o!r places z well z ?is2 & ,i conclud$ ) obs]v+ t ! decision betwe5 7#d7 & 7#e7 c\ld n be made to dep5d solely on int]nal crit]ia ei!r1 b dep5d$ on ! decision come to reg>d+ ! g5]al relation%ip betwe5 ! witnesses t support ea* "o1 9 ?is in/ance betwe5 ,a1 z support+ 7#d71 & 1 z support+ 7#e74 7#a7 ,x may be /at$ "h1 m]ely by way ( comm5t1 t ! fir/ =m ( ! b5$iction1 8) y all10 0 cle>ly translat$ into ,greek by ,erasmus f 8 ,lat9 ,bible1 )\t ! au?ority ( a s+le ,greek manuscript4 ,b 9 spite ( ?is1 x is /ill propagat$ 9 ! textus receptus by ! ,engli% ,bible ,society1 & ev5 9 ! la/ revision ( ,lu!r's ,g]man ,bible x 0 all[$ to /& )\t demur4 ,! ,engli% ,au?oris$ ,v]sion _h x 9 ?is =m1 b ! ,revis$ ,v]sion adopts ! fif? =m 8) ! sa9ts10 & puts 7#d7 9 ! m>g91 ) a note to ! effect t 8two anci5t au?orities read #8) all4'0 ,! second =m1 8) u all10 :i* 0 adopt$ by ,melan*?on 9 8 ,greek ,bible ( #aede1 publi%$ by ,h]wag1 is j z arbitr>y an alt]ation4 ,! ?ird =m1 8) all ! sa9ts10 is read by ! ,complut5sian ) ,q1 ) m ?an =ty m9uscules1 & ! ,syriac1 ,coptic1 & ,arm5ian v]sions4 ,! f\r?1 8) all10 is f\nd 9 ,a & ,codex ,amiat9us1 :ile ! fif?1 8) ! sa9ts10 is giv5 by & ! ,old ,lat9 g4 ,9 ! ,syriac v]sion ( ! ,apocalypse1 edit$ by ,gwynn 9 #ahig1 a six? =m seems to h be5 br\ght to light1 :i* ,baljon1 :o himself decides = 7#e71 cites z 3 ,syrgwynn4 ,b ! pron\n1 :i* 9 ,syriac is indicat$ by a suffix only1 is employ$ n[ & aga9 m]ely to repres5t ! ,greek def9ite article1 s t ?is new ,syriac manuscript does n give u a six? =m b only ano!r witness to ! ?ird4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,gwynn m5tions ! omission ( ! entire v]se 9 ,primasius1 a fact t nei!r ,tis*5dorf nor ,weiss takes ! lea/ notice (1 & he adduces la/ly t a manuscript ( ! ,vulgate reads 8cum omnibus hom9ibus40 ,"o sees f an illu/ration l ?is :at an am\nt ( pa9s is requir$ s]i\sly to apply1 ev5 9 a s+le po9t1 ,b5gel's pr9ciple t ! smalle/ p>ticle ( gold is gold1 b t no?+ mu/ be pass$ z gold t has n be5 prov$ to be su* 7,introductio 9 ,cris9 ,novi ,te/am5ti1 #a1 p4 #egb74 7#b7 ,,lit]ature4--,see especially ,gebh>dt 7,urt41 p4 #af74 ,ed4 ,reuss1 ,ges*i*te d] h4 ,s*rift5 des ,n4 ,t41 ,brauns*weig1 #ahhg1 #cea ff4 ,s4 ,p4 ,tregelles1 ,an ,introduction to ! ,textual ,criticism ( ! ,n4,t4 7 vol4 iv4 ( ,horne's ,introduction1 #ahgg74 ,f4 ,h4 ,a4 ,scriv5] 7see above1 p4 #f72 also ,adv]s>ia ,critica ,sacra1 edit$ by ,mill]1 ,cambr4 #ahic4 ,b4 ,f4 ,we/cott1 ,! ,new ,te/am5t 9 ,smi?'s ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 vol4 ii41 ,london1 #ahfc4 ,c4 ,e4 ,hammond1 ,outl9es ( ,textual ,criticism1 ,ox=d1 #ahij4 ,we/cott-,hort1 vol4 ii4 7see p4 #ba74 ,b4 ,b4 ,w>field1 ,introduction to ! ,textual ,criticism ( ! ,n4 ,t41 ,new ,york1 #ahhg2 ,london1 #ahic4 ,j4 ,w4 ,burgon1 ,la/ ,twelve ,v]ses ( ! ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,m>k1 ,ox=d & ,london1 #ahga2 also ,! ,traditional ,text ( ! ,holy ,gospels v9dicat$ & e/abli%$1 edit$ by ,mill]1 ,london1 #ahif2 also1 ,! ,causes ( ! ,corruption ( ! ,traditional ,text ( ! ,holy ,gospels1 edit$ by ,mill]1 ,london & ,cambridge1 #ahif4 ,! ,ox=d ,debate on ! ,textual ,criticism ( ! ,n4 ,t4 held at ,new ,college on ,may #f1 #ahig2 ) a preface 7by ,mill]7 explanatory ( ! ,rival ,sy/ems1 #ahig1 pp4 xvi4 #dc4 ,ed4 ,mill]1 ,! ,pres5t ,/ate ( ! ,textual ,controv]sy respect+ ! ,holy ,gospels 7see above1 p4 #aeb74 ,m>t9 7,abb ,j4 ,p471 ,introduction la ,critique textuelle du ,n4,t41 9 five volumes1 ) plates & facsimiles3 vol4 i4 pp4 xxxvi4 #cbg1 ,p>is1 #ahhd1 #be fr42 vol4 ii4 pp4 ix4 #eed1 #ahhd1 #dj fr42 vol4 iii4 pp4 vi4 #eab1 #ahhe1 #dj fr42 vol4 iv4 pp4 vi4 #edi1 #ahhf1 #dj fr42 vol4 v4 pp4 xi4 #bdh & #ej pp4 ( facsimiles1 #ahhf1 #bj fr4 ,also by ! same au?or1 ,description te*nique des manuscrits grecs relatifs au ,n4,t4 cons]vs dans les ,biblio?ques de ,p>is4 ,supplem5t to ! =ego+1 ,p>is1 #ahhd1 pp4 xix4 #bje1 ) facsimiles1 #bj fr42 ,quatre manuscrits importants du ,n4,t4 auxquels on peut en aj\t] un c9quime1 ,p>is1 #ahhf1 pp4 #fb1 #c fr42 ,les plus anci5s mss4 grecs du ,n4,t41 leur orig9e1 leur vritable c>actre1 9 ! ,revue des ,que/4 ,hi/41 #ahhd1 ,no4 #ga1 pp4 #fb-aji2 ,origne et la ,critique textuelle du ,n4,t41 ,p>is4 ,repr9t$ f ! ,rev4 des ,que/4 ,hi/4 = ,jan4 #ahhe1 ,no4 #gc1 pp4 #e-fb4 ,?4 ,zahn1 ,ges*i*te des ,n4,t4 ,kanons3 vol4 i41 ,das ,n4,t4 vor ,orig5es1 ,"p #a1 #ahhh2 ,"p #b1 #ahhi4 ,vol4 ii41 ,urkund5 und ,belege zum er/5 und dritt5 ,b&1 ,"p #a1 #ahij2 ,"p #b1 #ahib4 ,! ?ird vol4 has n yet appe>$4 ,! ord] ( ! books ( ! ,n4,t4 is discuss$ 9 vol4 ii4 p4 #cdc ff41 & ! conclusion ( ,m>k's ,gospel 9 ! same vol41 p4 #iaj ff4 ,salmon 7,geo471 ,"s ?\ghts on ! ,textual ,criticism ( ! ,n4,t41 ,london1 #ahig1 pp4 xv4 #afb4 ,blass1 ,philology ( ! ,gospels1 ,london1 #ahih1 pp4 viii4 #bej4 ,ada ,bryson1 ,rec5t ,lit]ature on ! text ( ! ,n4,t4 9 ! ,expository ,times = ,april #ahii1 pp4 #bid-cjj4 ,m4 ,v9c5t1 ,hi/ory ( ! ,textual ,criticism ( ! ,n4,t41 #aijj4 ,g4 ,l4 ,c>y1 ,! ,synoptic ,gospels1 ) a *apt] on ! ,textual ,criticism ( ! ,n4,t41 ,new ,york1 #aijj4 ,see also ,pr(4 ,jann>is 9 ! ,expositor1 vol4 viii4 ( ,s]ies ,v4 ,!re is an article 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,!ology1 #ahig1 iv4 p4 #ibg ff41 entitl$ ,alex&ria & ! ,n4,t41 :i* ,i h n be5 able to consult4 ,9 attempt+ to re/ore ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t z ne>ly z possible to its orig9al =m1 x is ess5tial to rememb] t ! ,new ,te/am5t1 z we h x to-day1 is n all ( "o piece1 b consi/s ( tw5ty-sev5 sep>ate docum5ts n[ arrang$ 9 five gr\ps1 & t e sev]al docum5t & e sev]al gr\p has _h its own peculi> hi/ory4 ,( ^! gr\ps ! mo/ complicat$1 p]haps1 is ! "o ) :i* ! ,new ,te/am5t op5s--viz4 ! ,gospels4 ,sid5ote3 ,gospels4 ,x is q unc]ta9 :5 our f\r ,gospels 7 fir/ writt5 toge!r 9 "o volume & arrang$ 9 ! ord] t is n[ common4 ,! ,muratorian ,fragm5t on ! ,canon#acj is defective at ! beg9n+1 b seems to imply ?is arrangem5t4 ,x 0 suppos$ t ! ,gospels 7 writt5 9 ! foll[+ ord]--viz4 ,mat!w fir/ & ,john la/4 ,! ord]1 ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 ,john1 :i* is f\nd 9 ne>ly all ! ,greek & ,syriac manuscripts1 0 made popul> by ,eusebius & ,j]ome4 ,! =m] foll[$ x 9 8 ,canons1 :i* 7 aft]w>ds adopt$ by ,j]ome 9 8 ,lat9 ,bible4 ,accord+ to ,eusebius 7,eccl4 ,hi/41 vi4 #be71aca ,orig5 knew ?is ord]1 ?\gh he v frequ5tly cites ! ,gospels 9 ! ord] ,mat!w1 ,luke1 ,m>k4 ,! foll[+ arrangem5ts are also f\nd3-- ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,! foll[+ li/ beg9s ) 7#b74 7#b7 ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,john1 ,luke1 9 ! e>li] 7,curetonian7 ,syriac & 9 ! ,canon ,momms5ianus1 a catalogue ( ! ,books ( ! ,bible & ( ! works ( ,cyprian1 orig9at+ 9 ,lat9 ,africa ab\t ! ye> #cfj1 & fir/ publi%$ by ,momms54#acb 7#c7 ,mat!w1 ,luke1 ,m>k1 ,john1 9 ! s-call$ ,ambrosia/] & 9 a ,catalogue ( ! ,sixty ,canonical ,books4 7#d7 ,mat!w1 ,john1 ,m>k1 ,luke--i4e4 ! two ,apo/les put be=e ! two pupils ( ,apo/les1 9 ! ,codex ,cl>omontanus4#acc ,?is ord] occurs also 9 ! ,arabic writ] ,masudi's ,mead[s ( ,gold4#acd 7#e7 ,mat!w1 ,john1 ,luke1 ,m>k1 9 ,codd4 ,d & ,x1 9 ! ,apo/olic ,con/itutions1 9 ,ulfilas1 & especially 9 ! ,old ,lat9 ,manuscripts2 see ,corss51 ,mon>*ianis*e ,prologe1 p4 #fe1 9 ,,tu4 xv4 #a4ace 7#f7 ,john1 ,luke1 ,m>k1 ,mat!w1 9 ,codex k4 7#g7 ,john1 ,mat!w1 ,m>k1 ,luke1 9 ! ,vocabul>ies ( ! ,egyptian v]sions4 7#h7 ,john1 ,mat!w1 ,luke1 ,m>k1 9 ,t]tullian & cod4 #ai4 ,see ,ar?ur ,wright1 ,"s ,new ,te/am5t ,problems1 p4 #aif ff4#acf ,?is v v>iety %[s t = a long "t1 p]haps till ! ?ird c5tury1 at all ev5ts mu* long] ?an ! ,paul9e ,epi/les1 ! ,gospels 7 propagat$ s+ly1 p]haps on rolls1 & only aft]w>ds incorporat$ 9 a codex4 ,& ?is makes x probable t ! text ( our manuscripts 0 n tak5 f a s+le copy ( ! fir/ ,tetraevangelium4 ,m ?an probable we _c call x1 see+ t a copyi/ may h _h any sort ( reasons ( 8 own = dis>rang+ ! ord] ( ! books giv5 9 8 exempl>1 z may /ill be ga!r$ luckily f ! position occupi$ by ,hebrews 9 ,codex ,b4 ,! probability is height5$1 h[ev]1 by ! fact t our manuscripts display a consid]ably great] am\nt ( textual v>iation 9 ! ,gospels ?an 9 ! ,paul9e ,epi/les1 ?\gh n 9 all to ! same ext5t z 9 ,d :i* conta9s an entirely peculi> rec5sion1 especially 9 ,luke4 ,"o ( ! mo/ rem>kable indications ( ?is is af=d$ by ! discov]y made by ,e4 ,lippelt1 a pupil ( ,pr(essor ,blass4 ,! ord] ( ! books 9 ,d is ,mat!w1 ,john1 ,luke1 ,m>k1 ,acts1 :]e x w be se5 t ! two portions ( ! book inscrib$ to ,!ophilus are sep>at$ by ,m>k4 ,n[ ,lippelt obs]v$ t :ile ! "n ,johannes is regul>ly spelt ) two 's 77 9 ,mat!w1 ,john1 & ,m>k1 x is j z regul>ly spelt ) "o 77 9 ,luke & ,acts1 sund]$ ?\gh ^! two books are by ,m>k1 :]e ! o!r spell+ prevails4#acg ,?is %[s an accuracy ( tradition :i* is surpris+1 b till n[ x has only be5 trac$ 9 ?is "o manuscript4 ,! o!rs write ! "n ?r\gh\t ) two 's & ,b z consi/5tly ) "o4 ,9 ?is connection ! "q naturally arises :e!r c]ta9 lib]ties 7 n tak5 ) ! books on ! occasion ( _! collection & arrangem5t4 ,res*1 e4g41 ?9ks t x 0 !n t ! second ,gospel receiv$ ! conclusion or app5dix :i* is f\nd 9 mo/ ( our manuscripts1 & ,rohrba* holds a simil> op9ion4#ach ,i h else:]e express$ ! idea t ! peculi> op5+ ( ,m>k is to be acc\nt$ = 9 ?is way4#aci ,zahn1 h[ev]1 d\bts :e!r ! use ( & = & 1 incipit & explicit1 c be e/abli%$ = e>ly times4#adj ,i h f\nd x 9 ,greek ,psalt]s1 ?\gh n v e>ly1 ,i admit1 :]e occurs in/ead ( z ! sup]scription ( ! ,hymns at ! end ( ! ,psalt]4#ada ,h[ev]1 !re is no ne$ to dwell fur!r on ?is po9t4 ,zahn 7p4 #agd7 is q "r 9 8 cont5tion t ! usual titles 1 etc41#adb imply a collection ( ! ,gospels ( :i* is ! g5]al title4 ,if1 !n1 = ! sake ( simplicity1 we take z our goal ! fir/ manuscript ( ! ,tetraevangelium1 "o w\ld ?9k x mu/ be possible ) ! means at our comm& gradually to "w back to x4 ,ev5 ! late/ ( our manuscripts is surely copi$ f an e>li] "o1 & t "o f ano!r1 & s on always fur!r & fur!r back1 s t all we h to d is to e/abli% _! g5ealogy1 pretty mu* z ,reuss has done = ! pr9t$ editions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t2 & see+ we h manuscripts z old z ! f\r? & fif? c5tury1 t means t ! entire p]iod ( a ?\s& ye>s prior to ! inv5tion ( pr9t+ is bridg$ ov] at once1 s t ! task w\ld appe> to be simply t ( ?r[+ a bridge ov] ! fir/ few c5turies ( ! ,*ri/ian era4 ,& by go+ on comp>+ ! witnesses & always elim9at+ ^? t prove unreliable1 x mu/ be possible1 "o w\ld suppose1 9 ?is way to arrive at ! orig9al4 ,b a little exp]i5ce w %ortly mod]ate our expectations4 ,at ! outset x is v mu* aga9/ u t we h no really s]viceable text = comp>ison4 ,! text ( our pres5t critical editions is a pat*work ( _m col\rs1 m wond]ful ?an ! cloak ( ,*ild ,rol& ( old4 ,9 fact x is a text t nev] really exi/$ at all4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( my ,supplem5t1 :i* ,i und]took ) ! object ( mak+ ! text ( ,codex ,bezae easily accessible to e "o1 ,i comp>$ ! text ( t manuscript ) t ( ,tis*5dorf-,gebh>dt's edition1 & ,i saw cle>ly t my "w w\ld necess>ily pres5t a v confus$ appe>ance inde$4 ,i also issu$ an int]leav$ edition ( my ,/uttg>t ,new ,te/am5t ) a simil> object--viz4 to furni% a conv5i5t means ( comp>+ ! text ( manuscripts & ( ,patri/ic quotations1 b t1 too1 lab\rs "u ! same disadvantage4 ,:oev] int5ds really to fur!r ! textual criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t w h to issue a copy ( a s+le manuscript pr9t$ 9 su* a way z w make x practically conv5i5t = ! comp>ison ( diff]5t texts1 some?+ l ,tis*5dorf's edition ( ,codex ,s9aiticus 7,novum ,te/am5tum ,s9aiticum1 #ahfc71 :i*1 h[ev]1 is ( little use = o!r purposes1 or l ,s*jtt's edition ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7see above1 p4 #bd74 ,b z ^! are 9 ! h&s ( v few1 !re is no?+ = x at pres5t b to take "o ( our mo/ common texts1 always be>+ 9 m9d its composite "*4 ,?is feature ( ! text appe>s at ! v outset 9 ! title4 ,9 ,b 7,d7 x is 4 ,codex ,d is defective at ! beg9n+ d[n to c4 i4 #bj1 b is f\nd regul>ly z ! title at ! top ( ! pages1 a fact :i* ,tis*5dorf has ov]look$4 ,mo/ o!r manuscripts1 ,c ,e ,k ,m etc41 h 4 ,if ?is latt] is held z incorrect1 !n all ^! manuscripts %\ld = ! future be dropp$ out ( acc\nt & ,b ,d alone be reg>d$ z au?oritative4 ,aga91 9 v]se #b1 99 has twice1 :ile ! o!rs h 1 s t too w\ld drop out1 leav+ ,b /&+ alone4 ,b !n 9 v]se #c our editors =?) reject ,b1 :i* reads 1 & decide 9 fav\r ( ! o!rs :i* h 4 ,:e!r ?is may n be a little premature1 see+ t !re are o!r places :]e is f\nd = f9al 1#adc & t "o manuscript1 #ef1 has delib]ately correct$ into 9 ,g54 xxxviii4 #cj1 :]e a ?ird has 1 we d n pause to det]m9e4 ,! po9t is simply ?is1 t 9 ^! fir/ ?ree v]ses !re is no manuscript t is always "r 9 ! judgm5t ( our editors4 ,true1 ! cases we h be5 consid]+ are trifl+1 ! diff]5ces be+ ( an or?ographical nature m]ely1 & "o mu/ n be too p>ticul> 9 su* matt]s1 ?\gh at ! same "t ! (t-quot$ maxim1 m9ima non curat praetor1 is n[h]e less applicable ?an 9 textual criticism4 ,b ! same /ate ( ?+s reappe>s imm$iately :]e we h diff]5ces involv+ important matt]s ( fact4 ,:at is ! fact 9 v]se #aa8 ,did ,josias beget ,je*oniah1 or did he beget ,joa*im & ,joa*im ,je*oniah8 ,v]se #af has already be5 ref]r$ to3 9 ?is case our olde/ ,greek manuscripts w\ld give no occasion to m5tion ! v]se4 ,b 9 v]se #be we h aga9 to ask :i* is correct1 or 8 ,sid5ote3 ,dogmatic influ5ce4 ,& :5 we he> ,j]ome say--,ex hoc loco quidam p]v]sissime suspicantur et alios filios habuisse ,m>iam1 dic5tes primog5itum non dici nisi qui habeat et fratres1 we le>n already h[ dogmatic motives may h "s influ5ce ^u ! =m ( ! text4 ,&1 moreov]1 :5 we call to m9d ! words ( ,luke ii4 #g1 we are made aw>e ( ano!r ?+ t may ex]t a di/urb+ influ5ce 9 ! ,gospels--viz4 ! t5d5cy to alt] ! text 9 con=mity ) ! p>allel passage4 ,sid5ote3 ,p>allel passages4 ,ap>t f ! /yli/ic peculi>ities ( ,codex ,d1 we meet ) no mat]ially important v>iants 9 our ,greek manuscripts ( ,mat!w till we come to ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,! only ?+ is 9 iii4 #ae1 :]e two ,lat9 witnesses h an addition :i* is evid5tly tak5 f a ,greek s\rce3 et cum baptiz>etur1 lum5 +5s circumfulsit de aqua ita ut tim]5t omnes qui adv5]ant 7congregati erant74 ,?is int]polation1 h[ev]1 does n conc]n ! criticism ( ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 see+ t x is d]iv$ f "s s\rce outside ! ,canon4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !re is a great "q z to ! ord] ( ! fir/ ?ree ,beatitudes 9 ,mat!w v4 #c-e1 :e!r !y are to be read 9 ! ord] giv5 9 ! common text1 444 444 4441 or z our rec5t editors pref] 444 444 4#add ,! latt] arrangem5t is atte/$ by only two ,greek manuscripts--,d & #cc4 ,n[1 if _! evid5ce is accept$ "h 9 spite ( its app>5t weakness1 h[ c we ju/ify ! refusal to ackn[l$ge ! au?ority ( ,d 9 o!r simil> cases8 ,v]se #bb1 b a %ort way d[n1 is a case 9 po9t4 ,"h ,d1 ) mo/ au?orities1 exhibits ! sorely-conte/$ 4 ,b our mod]n critics w h no?+ to d ) x1 go+ by ,b1 ,orig51 ,j]ome1 & ,a?anasius4 ,m]x 7,die vi] kanonis*5 ,evangeli51 pp4 #bca-bcg7 has rec5tly come =w>d z a /rong support] ( x1 on ! gr\nd t ,syrs9 also has x1#ade b h[ is its omission1 especially by ,j]ome1 to be expla9$8 ,! ,vulgate itself %[s t x 0 easi] to ins]t x ?an to omit x1 because out ( tw5ty-f\r manuscripts collat$ 9 ,w4-,w4 ?ree h x1 ?\gh x c]ta9ly does n belong to ! text ( ! ,vulgate4#adf ,9 view ( ^! illu/rations1 :i* s]ve to %[ ! some:at haphaz>d way 9 :i* ! text ( our editions hi!rto has be5 arriv$ at1 ! "q becomes v important h[ ! orig9al text is to be re/or$ 9 disput$ or d\btful cases4 ,sid5ote3 ,conjectural em5dation4 ,! fir/ case1 or1 if we l to call x1 ! la/1 b at all ev5ts ! "o mo/ easy ( settlem5t1 is :5 ! correct read+ is no long] f\nd 9 any ( our witnesses1 nei!r 9 ,greek manuscript1 v]sion1 nor patri/ic quotation4 ,"h we mu/ simply h rec\rse to conjecture4 ,n long ago philologi/s ev9c$ su* a fondness = conjectural em5dation t ! "q might n unreasonably be ask$ :y !y did n r !mselves write ! text t !y took 9 h& to expla94 ,at ! same "t1 ! av]sion to ?is me?od ( criticism :i* till rec5tly prevail$ & /ill to "s ext5t prevails1 especially 9 ! matt] ( ! ,new ,te/am5t text1 is j z unreasonable4 ,tis*5dorf1 e4g41 did n admit a s+le em5dation ( ?is nature into 8 text1 :ile ,we/cott & ,hort consid] x to be necess>y 9 only a v few cases1 su* z ,colossians ii4 #ah1 ?\gh !y also decl9e to adopt any conjectural read+s 9 _! text4 ,= 9 ?is passage1 :i* ,weizsck] r5d]s 8plum+ himself ^u 8 visions10 !y w\ld read 1 :i* is obta9$ by ! omission ( a s+le lett] & a diff]5t division ( ! words4 ,9 ,holl& conjectural criticism is freely indulg$ 91#adg ! example ( ,cobet & 8 s*ool be+ foll[$ by su* critics z ,s4 ,a4 ,nab]1 ,w4 ,c4 van ,man51 ,w4 ,h4 van de ,s&e-,bakhuyz51 van de ,becke ,call5fels1 ,d4 ,h>t+1 ,s4 ,s4 de ,koe1 ,h4 ,franss51 ,j4 ,m4 ,s4 ,baljon1 ,j4 ,h4 ,a4 ,mi*els51 & ,j4 ,cram]4#adh ,baljon has adopt$ a great numb] ( su* conjectural em5dations 9 8 edition ( ! text publi%$ 9 #ahih 7see above1 p4 #bd74 ,9 place ( 1 e4g41 9 ,james iii4 #a1 ,la*mann w\ld read 1 ,nab] 1 :ile ,junius1 de ,hoop-,s*eff]1 & ,bakhuyz5 pref] on ! gr\nd t m#fd has nolite multiloqui esse4#adi ,s f>1 !re=e1 ?is la/ is n pure conjecture4 ,= 9 ,col4 ii4 #af ,lag>de wi%$ to read 1 because ! v]b f\nd 9 ! ,pe%itto at ?is place is else:]e us$ to translate 7,matt4 xxiv4 #f71 7,john xiv4 #a1 #bg71 7,gal4 v4 #g71 & also 7,eccl4 vii4 #ah2 xii4 #c74 ,my proposal to read 9 ,apoc4 xviii4 #ag1 a read+ adopt$ by ,baljon 9 8 text1 in/ead ( or z giv5 9 our manuscripts1 0 a pure conjecture1 b x has ! support ( sup] m>e 9 ,primasius4#aej ,!re is !re=e no objection on pr9ciple to ! me?od ( conjecture1 nor to ! adoption ( conjectural read+s 9 ! text1 ?\gh x is only to be resort$ to z ! ultima ratio regis & ) due reg>d to all ! consid]ations involv$1 transcriptional1 l+ui/ic1 & o!rwise4#aea ,!re is no ess5tial difficulty 9 suppos+1 e4g41 t 9 ,col4 ii4 #af 0 fir/ corrupt$ into & !n into 4 ,su* a transposition ( ! liquid is q common 9 all languages4#aeb ,b we mu/ see if has ! s5se requir$ 9 ! passage4 ,!re is no d\bt a ref]5ce to dr9k+ "h1 & s f>1 !re=e1 ! ^w seems to suit ! context bett]4 ,x is also true t evid5ce is n want+ ( ! metaphorical use ( ! ^w propos$ to be ins]t$4 ,pass[1 e4g41 gives f ,polybius iv4 #ba1 #c1 & f ,ari/ophanes i4 #a4 ,9 spite ( ?is1 h[ev]1 ,i h consid]able misgiv+s :e!r ?is s5se ( ! ^w is 9 h>mony ) ,paul9e usage & is suitable to ! context ( ! passage4 ,if x is s\ght to ju/ify a conjectural read+ on transcriptional gr\nds1 !n1 z has be5 obs]v$ 7p4 #hb71 a /rict acc\nt mu/ be tak5 ( ! mann] ( writ+ preval5t at ! "t :5 ! corruption is suppos$ to h orig9at$4 ,luke's h&writ+ mu/ h be5 v bad inde$ if we are to suppose t ! scribe ( ,d or ! p>5t manuscript mi/ook = ! enigmatical 9 ,acts iii4 #ad1 ?\gh x is q conceivable h[ he came to write in/ead ( 9 v4 #ca1 or conv]sely wrote in/ead ( 9 xiii4 #dh1 or t 0 made into or vice v]sa4#aec ,a slight exp]i5ce 9 ! read+ ( anci5t manuscripts %[s h[ easy x is to make mi/akes ( ?is sort4 ,& if we wi% to see :at mi/akes ( ?is sort actually d occur 9 ,codices ,vaticanus1 ,alex&r9us1 ,s9aiticus1 & ,ephraemi1 we h only to look into ,morri%'s ,h&y ,concordance ( ! ,septuag9t1#aed ?\gh ( c\rse ! examples !re are all f ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,we h1 e4g41 = 2 = 2 = 2 = 1 1 1 2 = 2 & its comp\nds = & its comp\nds2 = 1 etc4 ,sid5ote3 ,eclectic me?od4 ,x is m difficult to answ] ! "q h[ ! text is to be re/or$ 9 cases :]e !re is no lack ( ext]nal evid5ce4 ,we h already se5 t critics h hi!rto adopt$ an eclectic mode ( proc$ure4 ,9 g5]al1 :5ev] ,vaticanus & ,s9aiticus agree1 editors1 ,tis*5dorf z well z ,we/cott & ,hort1 give ! pref]5ce to _! te/imony4 ,b if !y d n agree1 :at is to be done8 ,& :at if a ?ird read+ seems on int]nal gr\nds to be bett] ?an ei!r8 ,9 8 ,?\ghts on ! ,textual ,criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,salmon v pung5tly1 b n altoge!r incorrectly1 describes ,we/cott & ,hort's me?od on ! l9es ( an anecdote told ( ,cato by ,cic]o3 8,to ! "q :at au?orities %\ld be foll[$1 ,hort answ]s1 ,foll[ ,b 4 ,b if ,b is n support$ by 8 ,/ill foll[ ,b1 if x has ! support ( any o!r manuscript4 ,b suppose ,b /&s q alone8 ,ev5 !n x is n safe to reject ,b unless x is cle>ly a cl]ical error4 ,b suppose ,b is defective8 ,!n foll[ 4 ,& :at ab\t ,d8 ,:at ab\t kill+ a man60 ,lag>de has said t ! gag is ! mod]n equival5t ( ! /ake4 ,codex ,d has n be5 gagg$ outright1 to be sure1 b x has be5 %ov$ aside1 & only n[ & !n ) rem>kable inconsi/5cy has its evid5ce be5 accept$ z tru/wor?y4 ,= "o mu/ surely call x inconsi/5t to foll[ "o side z a rule & !n all at once to take sides ) t :i* is diametrically oppos$ to ! fir/4 ,9 8 ,introduction1 ,hort1 9 ! mo/ brilliant mann] "o mu/ admit1 has e/abli%$ ! pr9ciple t ! re/oration ( ! text mu/ be gr\nd$ on ! /udy ( its hi/ory1 & no "o has /udi$ t hi/ory z c>efully z ,hort has done4 ,b ! "q rema9s :e!r he has n int]pret$ ! hi/ory wrongly1 :e!r :at he calls ! ,neutral text is really ! orig9al1 & :e!r t :i* he rejects z a ,we/]n ,corruption is really to be reg>d$ z su*4 ,sid5ote3 ,hi/ory ( transmission4 ,i _c presume to judge2 b ,i h ! feel+ t ! hi/ory ( ! transmission ( our ,new ,te/am5t text mu/ be /udi$ 9 q ano!r way f t 9 :i* x has be5 done hi!rto1 & 9 a tw(old direction3-- 7#a7 ,! manuscripts & _! relation to ea* o!r mu/ be subject$ to a /ill m se>*+ inve/igation1 & 7#b7 ,! works ( ! ecclesia/ical writ]s1 especially ! ,comm5t>ies & ! ,cat51 mu/ be ?or\ghly explor$ = any in=mation !y may h to give reg>d+ ! hi/ory ( ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & ^! two results mu/ !n be set 9 relation ) ea* o!r4 ,) reg>d to ! =m] task1 x might n be ess5tial to make su* a m9ute collation ( ! manuscripts z ,f]r>1 ,hoski]1 & o!r inve/igators deem$ necess>y1 & z is c]ta9ly ! "r ?+ to d 9 ! case ( ! olde/ docum5ts4 ,) su* a mode ( proc$ure1 ! task c\ld n be accompli%$ 9 any conceivable "t4 ,b suppose ! "w 0 organis$ ! way t ,reuss did ) ! pr9t$ editions1 by select+ say a ?\s& passages = comp>ison1 x w\ld be possible1 & 9 a v %ort "t we %\ld be mu* bett] in=m$ ?an we are at pres5t z to ! /ate ( ! text 9 our manuscripts1 & especially 9 ! m9uscules4 ,su* a task1 moreov]1 mu/ be prec$$ by a fre% sci5tific /atem5t ( ! way 9 :i* ! text 0 propagat$ previ\s to ! inv5tion ( pr9t+1 on ! l9es laid d[n by ,hort 9 ! fir/ f\rte5 p>agraphs ( 8 ,introduction4#aee ,a necess>y prelim9>y to ?is is ! /udy ( g5ealogy1 9 :i* we h an excell5t guide 9 ,ottok> ,lor5z's ,lehrbu* d] gesamt5 wiss5s*aftli*5 ,g5ealogie 7,b]l91 #ahih74 ,see especially ! fir/ *apt] ( ,"p ,i4 on ! di/9ction betwe5 ,g5ealogical ,tree 7,table ( g5ealogy7 & ,table ( ,ance/ors1 & ! ?ird *apt] ( ,"p ,,ii4 on ! problem ( ,loss ( ,ance/ors4 ,all ! ideas p]ta9+ to ! g5ealogy ( liv+ creatures1 su* z cross+1 h]$ity1 & s =?1 fall to be consid]$ also 9 ! g5ealogy ( manuscripts1 ! only diff]5ce be+ t 9 ! latt] case new features make _! appe>ance4 ,x has be5 ass]t$ some:]e t if an ,engli%man1 a ,dut*man1 a ,g]man1 a ,fr5*man1 & an ,am]ican meet 9 a company1 ! nationality ( ea* is at once recognisable1 b x is impossible to det]m9e _! exact g5ealogical relation%ips1 & t ! same impossibility exi/s 9 ! case ( ! manuscripts ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,t is p]haps an exagg]ation1 b x is c]ta9ly a surpris+ fact t s few ev5 ( our late/ manuscripts c be prov$ ) c]ta9ty to be copies ( manuscripts /ill 9 exi/5ce1 or at lea/ to be d]iv$ f a common orig9al4 ,sid5ote3 ,analog\s works4 ,x w be a v great help1 p>ticul>ly to ^? beg9n+ "w 9 ?is field1 to comp>e ! me?od & results ( inve/igations pursu$ 9 simil> & p]haps easi] dep>tm5ts ( /udy4 ,ap>t f ! works ( classical philologi/s1 or works l ! new edition ( ,lu!r's writ+s1 a great deal ( mo/ valuable rese>* has be5 c>ri$ on ( late ye>s 9 ! matt] ( textual criticism1 "s ( x v ext5sive1 "s ( x less s4 ,ed4 ,wlffl91 e4g41 devot$ 8 att5tion to ! ,rule ( ,/4 ,b5$ict ( ,nursia1 :o di$ "s "t aft] ! ye> #edb4 ,sid5ote3 ,rule ( ,b5$ict4 ,8 ,rule1 :i* ext5ds only to eighty-five pages ( ! ,teubn] size1 is extant 9 manuscripts dat+ z f> back z ! sev5? & eigh? c5turies4 ,by a comp>ison ( ^!1 ,wlffl9 0 conv9c$ t we /ill possess ! ,rule ess5tially 9 ! id5tical word+ ( ! orig9al vulg> ,lat91 t ,b5$ict himself _h aft]w>ds made c]ta9 alt]ations & additions1 & t we h !re=e to di/+ui% sev]al 7=tasse tres7 editions4#aef ,wlffl9 purport$ to give ! text ( t rec5sion :i* he took to be ! e>lie/4 ,b we _h no m ?an "t to congratulate ourselves on ! satisfactory result arriv$ at by ?is exp]i5c$ philologi/1 :5 behold1 ano!r totally diff]5t conclusion 0 ann\nc$ by a y\ng] work] 9 ! same field4 ,wlffl9 _h done little m ?an comp>e ! manuscripts1 b ,lud4 ,traube appli$ also ! ext]nal evid5ce af=d$ by ! hi/ory ( ! text1 & discov]$ t c]ta9 manuscripts t ,wlffl9 _h ?r[n aside possess$ a great] claim to orig9ality4#aeg ,sid5ote3 ,de ,viris ,illu/ribus4 ,simil>ly1 ,e4 ,c4 ,ri*>dson gave sev]al ye>s to an exam9ation ( all ! accessible manuscripts ( ! ,de ,viris ,illu/ribus ( ,j]ome & ,g5nadius1 a "w n mu* l>g] ?an ! ,rule ( ,b5$ict4 ,^! manuscripts1 ab\t #abj 9 numb]1 he gr\p$1 & !n fram$ 8 text 9 accordance ) !m4#aeh ,:ile 8 "w 0 9 ! press1 an edition 0 publi%$ by ,c4 ,a4 ,b]n\lli1 bas$ on "s ( ! manuscripts t ,ri*>dson also _h us$4#aei ,b f ! v fir/ s5t5ce onw>ds1 ! two editors foll[ contradictory au?orities1 s t :ile "o gives p>vam z ! correct read+1 ! o!r reads non p>vam4 ,b m ?an t1 ! same ,"p ( ,texte und ,unt]su*ung5 t gave u ,ri*>dson's labori\s "w conta9$ a second piece ( "w on ! same mat]ial--viz41 ,o4 v4 ,gebh>dt's edition ( ! s-call$ ,greek ,sophronius1 :i* is an old v]sion ( ,j]ome's book4 ,& ! la/ *apt] ( ?is v]sion1 :i* is autobiographical1 conta9s indications1 accord+ to v4 ,gebh>dt's ,introduction1 t ,j]ome issu$ two editions ( 8 book1 s t1 if ?is be s1 an entirely new gr\p+ ( ! manuscripts becomes necess>y4 ,sid5ote3 ,julian's ,lett]s4 ,9 ! case ( ,holl's rese>*es on ! ,sacra ,p>allela ( ,john ,damasc5e1 publi%$ 9 ! same ,collection1#afj matt]s are too complicat$ = beg9n]s 9 textual criticism1 b ( non-biblical texts m5tion may be made ( ! ,re*]*es sur la tradition manuscrite des lettres de l',emp]eur ,juli5 by ,s4 ,bidez & ,fr4 ,cumont 7,brussels1 #ahih71 z %[+ h[ mu* c be atta9$ by comb9+ ! int]nal & ext]nal hi/ory ( ! transmission ( lit]>y texts4#afa ,sid5ote3 ,lat9 ,new ,te/am5t4 ,9 ! field ( ,biblical texts1 & p>ticul>ly ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ! /udy ( ,wordswor? & ,:ite's ,epilogus to ! fir/ volume ( _! ,novum ,te/am5tum ,lat9e is to be specially recomm5d$1 p>ticul>ly c4 iv4 ,de ,patria et ,indole ,codicum no/rorum1 c4 v4 ,de ,textus ,hi/oria1 & c4 vi4 ,de ,regulis a nobis 9 ,textu con/itu5do adhibitis4 ,z 0 said be=e1 ,j]ome und]took 8 revision ( ! ,gospels 9 ! ye> #chc2 8 "w 0 ( an entirely uni=m texture1 ap>t f a few passages :]e a correction may h occurr$ ev5 9 ! orig9al manuscript2 & !re is a suffici5cy ( manuscripts extant1 "s ( !m go+ back to ! six? c5tury4 ,"o ( ^!1 :i* =m]ly belong$ to ! ,*ur* ( ,/4 ,willibrord at ,e*t]na*1 conta9s a note dat$ #eeh1 & copi$ into x f ! p>5t manuscript1 to ! effect3 proem5davi ut potui secundum codicem 9 biblio!ca ,eugipi presbyt]i1 quem f]unt fuisse sancti ,hi]onymi4 7,see above1 p4 #abb47 ,9 ^! circum/ances x mu/ surely be possible1 "o w\ld ?9k1 to arrive at "s satisfactory conclusion4 ,& yet1 9 spite ( all ?is1 & 9 spite ( long ye>s ( lab\r1 _m a problem rema9s to p]plex ! editor ( ! ,vulgate4 ,to beg9 )1 !re is "o /rik+ circum/ance4 ,j]ome execut$ 8 "w at ,rome1 9 ob$i5ce to ! commission ( ,pope ,damasus4 ,"o w\ld !re=e expect to f9d ! be/ manuscripts 9 ,rome1 or at lea/ orig9at+ f ,rome4 ,b t is by no means ! case3 8praet] expectationem accidit ut pauci vel nulli ex codicibus optimis et antiquissimis orig9em ,romanam cl>e o/5dant40 ,! manuscript t editors consid] ! be/--viz4 ,codex ,amiat9us1 n[ at ,flor5ce--0 c]ta9ly at ,rome = a long "t1 b x 0 s5t !re z a pres5t f beyond ! ,alps2 inde$1 x came f ,engl&4 ,& on ! o!r h& x 0 n f ,rome t ! ,lat9 ,bible came to ,engl&1 or to ,cant]bury 9 p>ticul>1 al?\gh ,augu/9e 0 s5t ?i!r by ,pope ,gregory ! ,great1 b f ! ,s\? ( ,italy2 9 fact1 x 0 f ,naples4 ,codex ,fuld5sis1 :i* may h be5 br\ght to ,fulda by ,boniface1 =m]ly belong$ to ,bi%op ,victor ( ,capua2 ! ,e*t]na* manuscript ref]r$ to above came f ! ,lucullan ,mona/]y at ,naples1 :ile ! manuscript f :i* ,codex ,amiat9us 0 copi$ 0 writt5 by ,cassiodorus ( ,viv>ium1 & !re=e came f ,calabria4 ,! hi/ory ( ! transmission ( ! ,lat9 ,bible reveals _m o!r facts z /range z ^! 9 connection ) ! locality to :i* manuscripts belong4 ,we mu/ be prep>$1 !re=e1 = simil> surprises 9 ! case ( ,greek manuscripts also1 & ne$ n be a/oni%$ to he> t ! ,greek-,lat9 ,codex ,bezae1 s mu* decri$ z 8,we/]n10 takes u back to ,smyrna or ,ephesus by way ( ,lyons & by means ( ,ir5u4#afb ,x is also v in/ructive to obs]ve t aft] long ye>s ( ! mo/ ?or\gh /udy ( _! manuscripts1 ,wordswor? & ,:ite refra9 f con/ruct+ /emmata or g5ealogies ( ^!4 ,all !y v5ture to d is to di/+ui% c]ta9 l>ge classes or families1 & )9 ^! aga9 to br+ c]ta9 manuscripts into some:at clos] relation%ip ) ea* o!r4 ,!y di/+ui% two ma9 classes4 ,9 ! fir/ !y reckon five1 or x may be f\r1 ,italian-,nor?umbrian manuscripts1 ,a ,h99 ,s ,y1 two ,cant]bury ,o ,x1 ?ree ,italian ,j ,m ,p1 ! two m5tion$ already f ,capua-,fulda ,f & ,lucullan-,e*t]na* ,,ep1 & ! ,h>leian ,z1 s call$ f a =m] possessor & n[ 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,to ! second class belong five ,celtic ,d ,e ,l ,q ,r1 ?ree ,fr5* ,b ,,bf ,g1 & two ,spani% ,c ,t4 ,aft] ^! come ! witnesses to ! hi/ory ( ! text 9 ! /rict] s5se ( ! t]m1 ! rec5sions made by ,!odulf 7,hc 7 & ,alcu9 7,,kv ,m71 &1 = ! =m :i* ! text assum$ 9 ! lat] manuscripts & 9 ! pr9t$ editions1 ! ,salisbury ,codex ,w4 ,we %\ld h great reason to congratulate ourselves1 c\ld we arrive at l c]ta9 results 9 ! region ( ! f> old] & m div]sifi$ hi/ory ( ! transmission ( ! ,greek text1 b !re too we %all enc\nt] ! same g5]al features--viz41 a =m ( ! text 9 ! pr9t$ editions1 9 ! lat] manuscripts1 9 ! ,rec5sions1 ! dates ( :i* are /ill to be det]m9$ 7,lucian1 ,hesy*ius81 ,pamphilus71 & 9 ! families1 :i* are only to be classifi$ 9 a g5]al way4 ,x is also in/ructive to f9d t 9 ! case ( sev]al manuscripts1 ,wordswor? & ,:ite are oblig$ to obs]ve t !y seem to h be5 correct$ f ! ,greek1 ,h99 7p4 #gji71 ,m 7p4 #gaa71 ,,ep99 7p4 #gab71 ,d ,r ,l 7pp4 #gad1 #gaf71 :i* sugge/s ! possibility ( ,greek manuscripts also hav+ be5 influ5c$ by "o ( ! v]sions1 be x ,lat9 or ,syriac4 ,f9ally1 :5 we enquire z to ! relation%ip betwe5 ,j]ome & ! ,greek manuscript or manuscripts us$ by him1 we f9d t t manuscript mu/ h be5 mo/ ne>ly relat$ to ! ,s9aiticus1 :ile x _h no sort ( connection ) ,codex ,d4 ,:e!r ?is result tells 9 fav\r ( or ! rev]se1 we w n pron\nce at pres5t3 ,j]ome c]ta9ly av]s t he made use ( a ,graecorum codicum em5data conlatione 444 s$ vet]um 7p4 #ajh71 only vet]um is a comp>ative t]m1 & x might q well happ5 t to ,j]ome t =m ( text appe>$ to be ! be/ :i* 0 mo/ rec5t or mo/ widely circulat$ 9 8 neighb\rhood1 & t he w\ld h no?+ to d ) su* a s+ul> =m ( text z ,d exhibits1 ev5 suppos+ he 0 acqua9t$ ) x1 a po9t we _c decide4 ,! intimate connection 9 v>i\s passages betwe5 8 text & t ( ! cursive #dgc 7#bpe7 is rem>kable1 & especially ! _m po9ts ( resemblance betwe5 ! ,iri% manuscripts 7,d ,l ,r7 & ! memb]s ( ! ,f]r> ,gr\p4 ,& ?is br+s u back f our survey ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,lat9 text to t ( ! ,greek1 :]e we seem to h got at lea/ "o fix$ po9t to beg9 ) 9 ?is p]plex+ *aos1 = t is ! fir/ impression we ga9 on glanc+ at ! mass ( ,greek manuscripts be=e u4 ,b "h aga9 our too sangu9e hopes are likely to be disappo9t$1 & we %all le>n only too soon t ev5 ?is is no ,ar*im$ean po9t f :i* we are able to regulate ?is _w ( disord]4 ,sid5ote3 ,f]r> ,gr\p4 ,if we f9d t 9 a c]ta9 numb] ( manuscripts ! passage usually indicat$ z ,john vii4 #ec-viii4 #aa occurs 9 ,luke1 & 9 exactly ! same place 9 ea* "o--viz4 aft] ,luke xxi4 #ch--we mu/ ne$s conclude t ! manuscripts exhibit+ ?is common peculi>ity are intimately connect$ ) ea* o!r4 ,?is is ! case ) ! cursives #ac1 #fi1 #abd1 #cdf1 #fbd1 #fbf4 ,:e!r ! o!rs t are reckon$ 9 ?is gr\p h ?is same peculi>ity1 ,i am n p]fectly sure4 ,n[ "o w\ld naturally expect t ^! manuscripts w\ld also co9cide 9 ! o!r peculi>ities *>act]i/ic ( ?is gr\p4 ,sid5ote3 ,v>iation4 ,b on ! contr>y1 !y "p company ov] ! v fir/ & mo/ conspicu\s ( ^!--viz4 ,mat!w i4 #af4 ,"h1 un=tunately1 #ac & #fi are defective1 b we c comp>e #abd & #cdf4 ,& we f9d t :]eas ! =m] has ! usual text1 ! latt]1 ) ! support ( #eef1 #fbd1 #fbf1 exhibits 9 place ( 444 1 ! read+ already m5tion$1 4 ,:i* ( ^! read+s is "r1 or :e!r bo? ( !m may n be wrong1 we ne$ n enquire at pres5t4 ,x is suffici5t to po9t out t "o & ! same "m may give bir? to v diff]5t *ildr54 ,! specific diff]5ce w be inh]it$ f ! o!r ( ! two p>5ts1 9 ?is case repres5t$ by ! copyi/1 & w dep5d on :e!r he is pa9/ak+1 c>eless1 viol5t1 arbitr>y1 well-in=m$1 or ! rev]se4 ,b ! "m h]self has a great numb] ( h]$it>y or acquir$ peculi>ities :i*1 ! latt] no less ?an ! =m]1 may be transmitt$ to ! *ildr5 9 a v>iety ( ways4 ,!re is p]haps no manuscript 9 exi/5ce :i* is entirely free f corrections1 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 !re are _m s ov]laid ) corrections t ! orig9al writ+ is sc>cely n[ recognisable4 ,codex ,b1 on ! :ole1 is 9 a v good /ate ( pres]vation1 b x 0 suppos$ lately 7see ,th,lz41 #ahii1 col4 #agf7 t its fir/ h& wrote 9 ,john viii4 #eg1 8& ,abraham saw !e0 in/ead ( 8& ha/ ?\ se5 ,abraham10 z all our editors read 9 t passage4#afc ,! supposition prov$ to be incorrect1 b if t c\ld possibly happ5 ) ,b1 :at mu/ h happ5$ 9 ! case ( manuscripts t are s full ( corrections z & ,d1 if !y came to be copi$ 9 lat] times8 ,suppose t "o scribe took ! tr\ble to copy ! text ( ! fir/ h&1 :ile ano!r ?\ght x 8 duty to foll[ ! corrections1 ! result w\ld be two manuscripts ^: common orig9 w\ld be sc>cely recognisable4 ,& 9 ! c\rse ( c5turies h[ (t5 may n ?is process h be5 repeat$4 ,no wond]1 !re=e1 t s few manuscripts h z yet be5 cle>ly made out to be ! desc5dants ( our olde/ codices1 s z to p]mit ( _! be+ remov$ f ! bo>d ) "o sweep1 z hav+ no indep5d5t te/imony to contribute1 z is ! case ) ,e#c :i* is m]ely a bad copy ( ,d#b 7p4 #gg71 or t s*ol>s _c agree z to ! relation%ip exi/+ betwe5 two manuscripts l ,f#b & ,g#c 7p4 #gg74afd ,nor ne$ we be surpris$ to f9d t "s ( our mo/ peculi> witnesses seem to h rema9$ absolutely *ildless1 :ile a less valuable race is p]petuat$ 9 _m copies4 ,! words ( ,hom]-- 1 --may be appli$ conv]sely to ! leaves to :i* we entru/ our immortality3 hab5t sua fata libelli4 ,! only un=tunate ?+ is t we are s little able to foll[ ! c\rse ( ^! fates by means ( ext]nal te/imony4 ,sid5ote3 ,ext]nal te/imony4 ,:5 ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e e4g4 asks ,eusebius to supply him ) fifty copies ( ! ,scriptures at once1 we _c b suppose t ^! became au?oritative ov] a l>ge area4 ,b 9 :i* ( ! classes into :i* our manuscripts h hi!rto be5 divid$ are we to look = ^! n[8#afe ,& conv]sely if1 9 ano!r locality1 hea!n p]secution 0 direct$ specially aga9/ ! ,bibles ( ! ,*ri/ians1 ?is _c h be5 )\t "s effect4 ,accord+ to ,c4 ,hls5 7,bild] aus d] ,ges*i*te des ,kapitols1 ,rome1 #ahii71 ev5 ! ,roman ,bi%op ,m>cell9us1 ) 8 deacons ,/rabo & ,cassianus1 9 ! ye> #cjd1 burn$1 9 front ( ! temple ( ,juno ,moneta1 ^? ,gospels :i* t5 ye>s lat] 7 made ! law ( ,*ri/ian ,rome by ! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e4 ,^! scatt]$ notices mu/ be mu* m c>efully collect$ & consid]$ ?an hi!rto1 & comb9$ ) ! results obta9$ f ! collation ( ! manuscripts4 ,sid5ote3 ,rec5sions4 ,mo/ ( our in=mation ) respect to ! rec5sions ( ! ,bible comes f ! ,syrian ,*ur*1 & is conc]n$ r ) ! ,old ,te/am5t ?an ) ! ,new2 b ! rec5sions ( ! =m] may ?r[ "s light on ^? ( ! latt]4 ,sid5ote3 ,lucian4 7a7 ,z ! result ( _! rese>*es1 ,we/cott & ,hort h made x v probable1 on int]nal gr\nds1 t a rec5sion ( an (ficial nature 0 und]tak5 9 ,syria1 p]haps at ,antio*1 ab\t ! f\r? c5tury1 & t to ?is rec5sion are due ! orig9 & propagation ( t =m ( ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t :i* 0 widely dissem9at$ 9 ! ,byzant9e ,empire1 n[ repres5t$ 9 our lat] m9uscules1 & made ! textus receptus by means ( ! fir/ pr9t$ editions4 ,lucian1 ! celebrat$ f\nd] ( ! ,antio*ean s*ool ( exegesis1 suff]$ m>tyrdom 9 ! ye> #caa or #cab1 mo/ probably ! latt]4 ,( all ! names t we "k1 none has a bett] claim ?an 8 to be associat$ ) su* a rec5sion1 & ! conjecture d]ives "s support f ! passage ( ,j]ome cit$ above 7p4 #he74aff ,x is1 p]haps1 ev5 bett] support$ by :at we "k ( ,lucian's rec5sion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,9 8 preface to ! ,*ronicles1 ,j]ome wrote3 8,alex&ria et ,aegyptus 9 ,septuag9ta suis ,hesy*ium laudat auctorem1 ,con/ant9opolis usque ,antio*iam ,luciani m>tyris exempl>ia probat1 m$iae int] has prov9ciae ,palae/9ae 7v4l4 ,palae/9os7 codices legunt1 quos ab ,orig5e elaboratos ,eusebius et ,pamphilus vulgav]unt2 totusque orbis hac int] se trif>ia v>ietate compugnat40 ,n[ x is true t ! words ( a man l ,j]ome mu/ n be press$ too f>1 & :at may h be5 true 9 8 day might be q diff]5t 9 a comp>atively %ort "t--?9k e4g4 ( ! fifty copies ( ! ,bible t ,eusebius ,pamphili _h s5t to ,con/ant9e1 or ! ,bible or ,bibles s5t by ,a?anasius to ,con/ans#afg--;at ! same "t x has be5 e/abli%$ beyond all d\bt by ,field & ,lag>de1 t x is to ,lucian we mu/ ref] a peculi> rec5sion ( ! ,greek ,old ,te/am5t pres]v$ 9 a good _m manuscripts1 ! "o f\nd 9 ! un=tunately small remnant ( ! ,go?ic ,old ,te/am5t & especially 9 ! num]\s ,biblical quotations ( ! fam\s !ologian ,john ( ,antio*1 bett] kn[n z ,*ryso/om ( ,con/ant9ople1 :o 0 a pupil ( ,lucian4 ,! probability1 !re=e1 is v great t ! same ?+ w hold good ( ! ,new ,te/am5t portion ( ! ,bible ( ,ulfilas & ,*ryso/om4 ,z reg>ds ! =m]1 ,kauffmann has express$ a decid$ op9ion to ?is effect 9 8 "w on ! ,go?ic ,bible cit$ above 7p4 #aci74 ,! supposition w\ld be conv]t$ into some?+ l c]ta9ty if x c\ld be prov$ on palographic gr\nds t ?is or t ,new ,te/am5t manuscript belongs to ?is or t ,old ,te/am5t manuscript ( ,lucianic d]ivation z "p ( :at 0 orig9ally "o & ! same complete ,bible4 ,?is is a po9t :i* ,i am n 9 a position p]sonally to inve/igate1 & ,i mu/ !re=e cont5t myself ) ?r[+ out ?is sugge/ion1 & ) add+ 9 support ( x t we h ! express te/imony ( ! ,m5ologies = say+ t ,lucian bequea!d to 8 pupils a copy ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5ts writt5 9 ?ree columns ) 8 own h&4 ,!re is a /atem5t 9 ! ,pseudo-,a?anasian ,synopsis1#afh :i* seems1 h[ev]1 to ref] only to ! ,old ,te/am5t portion1 to ! effect t x 0 discov]$ 9 a conceal$ cupbo>d 77 9 ! h\se ( a ,jew at ,nicom$ia 9 ! "t ( ,con/ant9e4 ,long ago ,hug & ,ei*horn attribut$ ! 8,asiatic0 or 8,byzant9e0 rec5sion to ,lucian1 & no decid$ objection c be e/abli%$ to ! view ( ,hort1 :i* ,gregory also is incl9$ to accept 7,ti,gr41 p4 #had74afi ,sid5ote3 ,hesy*ius4 7b7 ,x is1 on ! o!r h&1 some:at difficult to make out h[ matt]s /& ) reg>d to ! rec5sion ( ,hesy*ius4 ,j]ome comm5ds x ) t ( ,lucian = ! ,old ,te/am5t1 b contemptu\sly rejects x = ! ,new2 & accord+ly1 9 ! decree ( ,pope ,gelasius1 we he> ( ,gospels 8quae falsavit ,lucianus1 apocrypha1 evangelia quae falsavit ,hesy*ius1 apocrypha0 7c4 vi4 #ad1 #ae74 ,consid]+ ! important position ( ,alex&ria & ,egypt1 & ! va/ numb] ( manuscripts ref]r$ ) m or less c]ta9ty to t locality1 x is ! m rem>kable t s few unmi/akable traces h z yet be5 discov]$ ( ! rec5sion ( :i* 8,alex&ria et ,aegyptus 444 ,hesy*ium laudat auctorem10 & t till ! pres5t mom5t ! mo/ div]g5t views h be5 held ) reg>d to x4 ,& ?is is true ( ! ,old ,te/am5t no less ?an ( ! ,new4 ,"o view1 = :i* a good deal c be said1 has already be5 ref]r$ to 7p4 #fa f47--viz4 t we h ! rec5sion ( ,hesy*ius 9 ,codex ,b4 ,sid5ote3 ,codex ,b4 ,rahlfs1 :o 0 ! fir/ to connect ,b ) ! ,canon ( ,a?anasius1 says 7lib4 cit41 p4 #gh1 note #g72 8,if we c>e to tru/ ourselves to pure hypo!sis1 we might haz>d ! conjecture t our sup]b ,codex1 manife/ly writt5 = "o ( ! pr9cipal *ur*es ( ,egypt1 0 prep>$ at ! in/igation ( ,/4 ,a?anasius himself4 ,! locality 9 :i* ! manuscript 0 produc$ supports ?is conjecture1 :ile ! "t is n inconsi/5t ) x40 ,i am n aw>e if ,rahlfs knew t ,a?anasius _h execut$ = ,con/ans1 & ,i am n suffici5tly acqua9t$ ) ! m9uti ( ! ecclesia/ical hi/ory ( t "t1 & ) ! life ( ,a?anasius 9 p>ticul>1 to haz>d ! ass]tion t ,codex ,b 0 prep>$ by ,a?anasius = ! ,emp]or ,con/ans4 ,x is c]ta9ly ! case1 z e ,*ur* ,hi/ory records1 t ,con/ans 0 ,prefect ( ,illyricum & ,italy1 & t ,a?anasius fl$ to ,rome to ,julius ,,ii41 :i* w\ld help to expla9 h[ ,codex ,b comes to be 9 t city4#agj ,i _c asc]ta9 h[ev] f ! books at my comm&1 :e!r any p>ticul> resemblance has be5 obs]v$ betwe5 ! text ( ?is manuscript & ! ,biblical quotations f\nd 9 ^? writ+s ( ,a?anasius t belong to ?is p]iod ( 8 life1 t is1 prior to ! ye> #cej4 ,&1 besides1 "o has always to take into consid]ation h[ v little reliance c be plac$ z yet on ! text ( ! ,biblical quotations 9 our editions ( ! ,fa!rs4 ,9 ! ,book ( ,judges ,b c]ta9ly exhibits q a peculi> =m ( text :i* is n us$ by ! e>li] ,egyptian tea*]s1 ,clem5t & ,orig51 nor ev5 by ,didymus 7d4 #cid or #cii71 b 0 employ$ fir/ by ,cyril ( ,alex&ria1 & :i* is ! basis ( ! ,sahidic v]sion4 ,?is fact may h an important be>+ on ! "q z to ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t z well4#aga ,z e>ly z #agje ,grabe express$ ! op9ion t ! ,sahidic v]sion 0 ! "w ( ,hesy*ius1 b we h v little in=mation inde$ reg>d+ t ,*ur* ,fa!r1 & 9 p>ticul> z to 8 connection ) ! lexicograph] ( t "n4 ,"h also1 ! evid5ce af=d$ by palography w\ld ne$ to be exam9$ ) a view to asc]ta9+ :e!r or n any ( ! manuscripts agree+ ) ,b 9 ! ,book ( ,judges--viz4 ,g 7,brit4 ,mus41 #bj1jjb71 #af1 #cj1 #eb1 #ec1 #eh1 #fc1 #gg1 #he1 #aca1 #add1 #bji1 #bcf1 #bcg1 ,cat5a ,nicephori--has a c\nt]p>t 9 "s manuscript ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,on ,codex ,g see ,rahlfs 7p4 #ce1 n4 #b71 & comp>e v4 ,dobs*tz 7,th,lz41 #ahii1 #c1 #gd7 on ! two ,new ,te/am5t manuscripts & #eff;evv4 7,greg74#agb ,accord+ to ! latt]1 ! diff]5ce 9 size precludes ! supposition t & #eff are ! ,new ,te/am5t portion ( ! manuscript describ$ by ,rahlfs 7loc4 cit474 ,b if !y are n writt5 by ! same scribe1 !y bo? und\bt$ly come f ! same s*ool ( copyi/s4 ,at mo/1 h[ev]1 -#eff w\ld only possess importance = ! rec5sion ( ,hesy*ius if ! text !y1 or r x1 foll[s 7 diff]5t f t ) :i* x 0 collat$4 ,its subscription %[s t x belongs to ^? exempl>s :i* 7 collat$ ) ! ,codex ( ,pamphilus4 ,?is fact has an important be>+ on ! ,gospel ( ! ,hebrews4 ,see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 ii4 #fdh4 ,sid5ote3 ,eusebius-,pamphilus4 7c7 ,we h ne>ly z little c]ta9 in=mation reg>d+ ! ?ird1 & p]haps mo/ important1 ( ! rec5sions m5tion$ by ,j]ome 9 connection ) ! ,old ,te/am5t1 t ( ,eusebius & ,pamphilus1 :i* goes back to ,orig54#agc ,sid5ote3 ,orig54 ,s f> z ,i "k1 ! ref]5ces :i* ,orig5 makes 9 8 extant writ+s to 8 own lab\rs 9 ! field ( textual criticism1 relate only to ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,at ! same "t 8 compla9t z to ! evil condition ( ! manuscripts ( 8 day ref]s to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & to ! ,gospels 9 p>ticul>4 1 he says1 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,mat!w1 ,bk4 xv4 #ad1 1 1 1 4#agd ,he tells u 9 ! same place h[1 1 he f\nd ways & means ( rem$y+ ! evil by ! employm5t ( ! critical symbols ( ,hom]ic comm5tators1 ! obelus & a/]isk1 1 1 4 ,accord+ to 8 own express decl>ation1 suppos+ x to h be5 correctly pres]v$1 = x is only extant 9 ,lat91 8 "w 9 textual criticism at t "t at lea/ 0 conf9$ to ! ,old ,te/am5t3 9 exempl>ibus autem ,novi ,te/am5ti hoc ipsum me posse fac]e s9e p]iculo non putavi4 ,von ,gebh>dt consequ5tly says 7,urt41 #be7 t ?is /atem5t f ,orig5's own m\? %\ld h kept anyone f ascrib+ a =mal rec5sion ( ! ,new ,te/am5t text to him1 allud+ to ,hug's sy/em ( rec5sions2 b at ! same "t he w n d5y t ! works ( ,orig51 :o 0 a man ( conspicu\s critical accuracy1 are ( ! highe/ importance = ! criticism ( ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 lat] *ur* tea*]s appeal *iefly to ,orig5's manuscripts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 b sev]al ref]5ces are also f\nd to 8 ,new ,te/am5t manuscripts4 ,on ,gal4 iii4 #a1 ,j]ome rem>ks 7ii4 #dah73 legitur 9 quibusdam codicibus1 ,quis vos fasc9avit non cr$]e v]itati8 ,s$ hoc 7mean+1 ( c\rse1 ! la/ ?ree words only7 quia 9 exempl>ibus ,adamantii non habetur1 omisimus4 ,! words are a gloss int]polat$ f *4 v4 #g1 b !y are also f\nd 9 ,orig51 ?\gh only 9 ! ,lat9 translation ( ,ruf9us1 & !y appe>1 among our ,greek manuscripts1 9 ,c ,dc ,e ,k ,l ,p1 & likewise 9 mo/ codices ( ! ,vulgate 7see ,wordswor? & ,:ite1 p4 #fei74 ,! same writ] says on ,mat!w xxiv4 #cf 7ii4 #aii73 9 quibusdam lat9is exempl>ibus additum e/ 8neque filius10 quum 9 ,graecis et maxime ,adamantii et ,pi]ii exempl>ibus hoc non habeatur additum2 s$ quia 9 nonnullis legitur1 diss]5dum videtur 7,w4 & ,w41 p4 #feh74 ,pi]ius is no d\bt ! ,presbyt] ( ,alex&ria :o liv$ at ,rome aft] ! ,diocletian p]secution4 ,he 0 /yl$ 8! y\ng] ,orig50 on acc\nt ( 8 le>n+1 & 0 p]haps ! tea*] ( ,pamphilus 7,j]ome1 ,viri ,ill41 #gf2 ,eusebius1 ,eccl4 ,hi/41 vii4 #cb74 ,adamantius1 l ,*alk5t]os1 is a surname ( hon\r giv5 to ,orig54 ,"h aga91 x is a /range fact t ! words :i* ,j]ome says 7 omitt$ 9 ,orig5's exempl> are f\nd 9 a c]ta9 passage ( 8 works also extant only 9 ,lat91 & !re exp\nd$ s fully t !re _c be ! slighte/ d\bt t he _h !m 9 8 text1 &1 moreov]1 _h no conception ( _! omission 9 o!r copies4 ,:at explanation1 if any1 c be giv5 ( ?is fact we ne$ n pause to enquire4 ,nor ne$ we take up ! "q :]e ,j]ome obta9$ access to ! exempl>s ( ,pi]ius4 ,i suppose x w\ld be 9 ,caes>ea1 :]e he also saw ! 7,bible87 volumes ( ,orig5 transcrib$ by ,pamphilus ) 8 own h&1 & actually obta9$ possession ( 8 copy ( ! comm5t>y on ! ,m9or ,prophets4#age ,ev5 suppos+ t :at is meant by exempl>ia ,adamantii is n really a rec5sion ( ! text ( ! ,bible b simply ! copy t ,orig5 us$ mo/ or us$ la/1 t copy might h be5 au?oritative = ,pamphilus if n = ,eusebius1 & s f>1 !re=e1 x becomes necess>y = u to try & discov] ! ,orig5ic text 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z well z 9 ! ,old4 ,at all ev5ts a good _m ( our manuscripts g back to ,pamphilus1 & p>ticul>ly ,h ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les4 ,9 addition to a v practical sugge/ion z to ! l5d+ ( books1#agf & a notice ( its prep>ation & ( ! orig9al writ]1 ?is manuscript has also ! foll[+ note3 774 ,f ?is subscription ,field 7,hexapla1 i4 p4 xcix7 has conclud$ t ! libr>y ( ,pamphilus 0 /ill 9 exi/5ce 9 ! six? c5tury1 b x is d\btful :e!r ! subscription may n h be5 f\nd 9 ! orig9al ( ,h & copi$ into x along ) ! text1 z is ! case ) a simil> note copi$ into ! m9uscules #ae1 #hc1 #agc4 ,sid5ote3 ,eu?alius4 ,9 any case ?is manuscript is our pr9cipal witness = ! rec5sion ( ,pamphilus1 or1 z x us$ to be call$1 ! rec5sion ( ,eu?alius4#agg ,i h no int5tion ( discuss+ ! "q :e!r x %\ld be ,eu?alius or ,evagrius3 ,von ,dobs*tz 7,eu?alius/udi51 p4 #aeb n4 #a7 has promis$ to give u fur!r p>ticul>s z to ! ,syriac texts relat+ to ! subject4 ,i w\ld m]ely call att5tion to two facts1 viz4-- ,sid5ote3 ,h>klean4 7#a7 ,t ! subscription te/ify+ to a collation ) ! exempl> ( ,pamphilus is f\nd also at ! end ( ! ,h>klean ,syriac publi%$ by ,b5sly 7see above1 pp4 #gi1 #ajf74 ,sid5ote3 ,evagrius4 7#b7 ,t ! "n ,evagrius1 :i* ,ehrh>d proposes to read 9 place ( ,eu?alius 9 ,codex ,h1 is actually f\nd associat$ ) ! libr>y ( ,pamphilus 9 ano!r manuscript ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,9 8 ,notitia editionis codicis ,bibliorum ,s9aitici 7,lipsi1 #ahfj71 pp4 #gc-abb1 ,tis*5dorf publi%$ 8,ex ,codicibus ,insulae ,patmi1 ,in$itum ,diodori ,siculi2 ,orig5is ,s*olia 9 ,prov]bia ,salomonis40 ,! latt] he took f a manuscript :i*1 accord+ to ,h4 ,o4 ,coxe's ,report 444 on ! ,greek ,,mss4 yet rema9+ 9 ! ,levant 7#aheh1 p4 #fa71 pr(ess$ to conta9 8,orig5is ,hexapla cum ,s*oliis0 aft] ! ,philocalia4 ,9 reality !y are ,orig5's ,s*olia on ! ,prov]bs :i* ,angelo ,mai _h publi%$ 9 a diff]5t =m f ! ,vatican ,cat5a #ahjb1 9 ! ,nova ,patrum ,biblio!ca1 #ahed4 ,9 ! ,patmos manuscript ! s*olia prop] are prefac$ by two 7or ?ree7 explanatory notes on ! use ( ! obelus & ! a/]isk1 & on ! diff]5t arrangem5t ( ! *apt]s 9 ! ,hebrew & ,greek texts1 foll[$ by ano!r explanation ( ! same sort "u ! title 4#agh ,:o !y are t are ref]r$ to 9 ! s*olion z hav+ collat$ ! book 7 7 we le>n f ! subscription1 :i* says3 ' 7leg4 7 4 ,?is subscription1 :i* ,oikonomos publi%$ fully fifty ye>s ago f t ,patmos manuscript1#agi %\ld be add$ to ^? usually cit$--viz4 ^? app5d$ to ,ezra & ,e/h] 9 1 to ,isaiah & ,ezekiel 9 ,codex ,m>*alianus1 to #c & #d ,k+s 9 ! ,syriac ,hexapla1 & to ,ezekiel 9 ,codex ,*isianus #hh4 ,) :at has be5 said ! /ud5t %\ld comp>e :at ,von d] ,goltz tells u ( a critical "w ^u ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t belong+ p>tly to ! t5? & p>tly to ! six? c5tury4#ahj ,?is1 too1 goes back to ,orig51 & 9 a s*olion on ,james ii4 #c1 ! great] "p ( :i* is un=tunately eras$1 ! "w m5tions 8a manuscript writt5 by ! h& ( ,/4 ,eusebius40 ,z ,zahn else:]e %[s1 ! writ] ( ! ,a?os manuscript did n base 8 own "w on ?is ,codex ( ,eusebius1 & 9 "o passage he expressly contra/s x ) ! text ( ,orig5 :i* he foll[s4 ,9 spite ( ?is1 h[ev]1 ?is ,a?os manuscript mu/ be tak5 into acc\nt 9 deal+ ) ! rec5sion ( ,pamphilus4 ,/ill m s mu/ ! ,arm5ian & ,syriac texts1 accord+ to ,conybe>e & von ,dobs*tz4#aha ,ev5 ! ,lat9 manuscripts may conta9 traces ( ?is rec5sion4 ,e4 ,rigg5ba* has %[n t ! table ( *apt]s 9 ,hebrews giv5 9 ,codex ,fuld5sis & 9 a manuscript indicat$ z ,cod4 ,vat4 ,reg4 #i1 is no?+ b a translation ( ! correspond+ "p ( 8,eu?alius40#ahb ,un=tunately ! relics ( ! lit]>y activity ( ,pamphilus1 t devot$ /ud5t ( ! ,scriptures1#ahc are exce$+ly scanty1 & :at little is left is extant only 9 a ,lat9 translation4 ,9 ^! circum/ances ! attempt to specify m closely ?an hi!rto 8 manuscripts ( ! ,bible by means ( 8 quotations does seem r hopeless4 ,sid5ote3 ,lat] revis]s4 7d7 ,z we are n[ deal+ ) ! "q h[ to arrive at ! olde/ =m ( ! ,greek text1 x is unnecess>y to take acc\nt ( ! lab\rs ( any lat] individuals 9 ! =mation ( ! ,greek ,new ,te/am5t4 ,among ^! 7 ,emp]ors & ,empresses l ,con/ant9e & ,con/ans1 :o ex]t$ !mselves 9 ! dissem9ation ( ! ,scriptures1 & p]haps ev5 made copies ( !m ) _! own h&s1 b ^! we may disreg>d4#ahd ,! "w ( ,&reas & ,are?as on ! ,apocalypse w be notic$ :5 we come to speak ( t book4 ,"o naturally turns "h to ,krumba*]'s ,hi/ory ( ,byzant9e ,lit]ature1 b ! index to ! fir/ edition ( t "w conta9s only two ref]5ces to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 nei!r ( !m be>+ on our pres5t subject4 ,! matt] is "o :i* may be comm5d$ to ^? :o h ! "t & ! opportunity & ! will+ness to inve/igate x1 & consid]+ ! ard\r ) :i* ! /udy ( ,byzant9e antiquities is be+ prosecut$ at pres5t1 x may suffice m]ely to ?r[ out ?is h9t4 ,sid5ote3 ,pre-,orig5ic texts4 7e7 ,s f> z we h gone1 !re=e1 x appe>s t mu* unc]ta9ty prevails reg>d+ ! text =mations we h already consid]$--^? ( ,lucian1 ,hesy*ius1 ,pamphilus1 & ! ,f]r> ,gr\p4 ,consid]+ ! am\nt ( evid5ce at our comm&--h[ ! ext]nal te/imony po9ts 9 ! same direction z ! manuscripts !mselves1 &1 inde$1 h[ probable is ! :ole nature ( ! op]ation 9 "q--"o w\ld expect ^! to be ! mo/ easily di/+ui%able ( all4 ,inde$1 ev5 s cauti\s an enquir] z ,zahn speaks )\t any hesitation ( 8! (ficial rec5sions orig9at+ subsequ5t to ! "t ( ,orig50 7,th,lbl41 #ahii1 #ahj74 ,! vagu5ess ( our conclusions ) respect to ^! rec5sions does n look v promis+ = ! result ( our inve/igation ( ! text prior to ! "t ( ,orig51 :5 activity 9 ?is field 0 m disconnect$ & might be said to run wild & unre/ra9$4 ,& !re is ?is fur!r difficulty t "s ( ! writ]s :o fall to be consid]$ 9 ?is p]iod came 9 lat] times m or less ju/ly "u ! imputation ( h]esy1 ) ! consequ5ce t ! results ( _! lab\rs 7 less widely dissem9at$1 if n delib]ately suppress$4 ,9 circum/ances l ^! any attempt$ revision ( ! text mu/ h be5 equally mis*iev\s1 :e!r x proce$$ f ! or?odox side or f ! opposite4 ,t !re 7 :o 7 suppos$ to correct ! text 9 ! int]e/s ( or?odoxy we h already le>n$ f ,epiphanius4 ,inde$1 f our po9t ( view ! action ( ! or?odox correctors mu/ be ?\ght ! m regrettable ( ! two1 s9ce ! books )\t a d\bt p>t$ at _! h&s ) _m vivid1 /range1 & ev5 fanta/ic traits ( language4 ,ev5 9 ! matt] ( /yle x seems to me inconte/able t x 0 at _! h&s t ! ,gospels receiv$ t res]v$ & solemn tone :i* we w\ld n n[ will+ly "p )1 & :i* c be comp>$ to no?+ s mu* z to ^? solemn pictures ( ,*ri/ t we see pa9t$ on a gold5 backgr\nd 9 ,byzant9e *ur*es4 ,= myself1 at lea/1 ,i h n ! slighte/ d\bt t ! ,gospel1 & ! ,gospel p>ticul>ly1 0 orig9ally n>rat$ 9 a mu* m vivaci\s /yle4 ,j consid] ?is1 = example4 ,9 all our pres5t au?orities--,greek manuscripts1 anci5t v]sions1 ,syriac1 ,egyptian1 & s =?1 & 9 all ! ,*ur* ,fa!rs )\t exception1 s f> z ,i am aw>e--we read ! beautiful words3 8y\r ,fa!r kn[e? :at ?+s ye h ne$ ( be=e ye ask ,him10 7,matt4 vi4 #h74 ,comp>e ) ?is :at we f9d s+ly & solely 9 ,codex ,d & ! ,old ,lat9 h1 1 antequam os ap]iatis1 8be=e ev] y op5 y\r m\?40 ,to me x is a /rik+ indication to :at an ext5t ! in/9ctive s5se ( orig9ality is want+1 t a read+ l ?is is n ins]t$ by ,we/cott & ,hort among _! ,notewor?y ,reject$ ,read+s1 nor ev5 cit$ by ,baljon 9 8 critical app>atus1 & t our comm5tators h n a s+le syllable ab\t x1 s t our /ud5ts & prea*]s "k no?+ :atev] ( ?is =m ( ! words ( ,jesus4 ,if my edition ( ! ,new ,te/am5t did no m ?an br+ su* ?+s to ! notice ( ^? :o previ\sly 7 unacqua9t$ ) !m1 ,i %\ld consid] x _h done no small s]vice4 ,b take ano!r illu/ration f ! p>able ( ! ,b>r5 ,fig ,tree4 8,cut x d[n1 :y cumb]e? x ! gr\nd10--t is h[ our ord9>y texts give ! comm&m5t ( ! ju/ly indignant husb&man 9 ,luke xiii4 #g3 4 ,"h aga91 ! great majority ( our witnesses ( e sort exhibit no v>iation wor? m5tion+1 except t a good _m 7,a ,l ,t etc47 ins]t a v prosy aft] ! imp]ative1 :ile ,b #hj read = 4 ,& 9 ! answ] ( ! v9e-dress] 7v]se #h71 8till ,i %all dig ab\t x & dung x10 !re is aga9 no v>i\s read+ 9 our ord9>y witnesses ( all k9ds except ! insignificant int]*ange ( 77 1 1 & 4 ,:at a diff]5ce d we f9d "h also 9 ! text ( ,d3 8br+ ! axe10 1 adf]s securem2 &1 8,i w ?r[ 9 a basket ( dung10 1 mittam qualum 7 squalum7 /]coris d1 or coph9um /]coris a b c f ff#b i l q1 f :i* x 0 tak5 into ! ,codex ( ,m>m\ti]1 a copy ( ! ,alcu9ian rec5sion ( ! ,vulgate writt5 9 gold4#ahe ,"h aga91 our editors & comm5tators = ! mo/ "p take no notice4 8,br+ ! axe0 is omitt$ by ,weiss1 fa!r & son1 ,we/cott-,hort1 ,tregelles1 & also by ,baljon1 :ile ,holtzmann ignores bo? v>iants4 ,x /&s to reason1 ( c\rse1 t great] vivacity ( /yle is n ( itself an actual pro( ( great] orig9ality4 ,b ! :ole "q is rais$ z to ! pr9ciples by :i* we are to be guid$ 9 e/imat+ ! comp>ative value ( ! witnesses4 ,"o might be incl9$ to reg>d su* peculi>ities z due to ! caprice ( "s scribe by :om ,d or its p>5t manuscript 0 writt54 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 & mo/ rec5t editors ) !m1 d s reg>d !m1 see+ !y cite ! read+ ( ,d nei!r 9 ,matt4 vi4 #h nor 9 ,luke xiii4 #g4 ,9 ! latt] passage "o might be incl9$ to take t view ( ! case1 because z yet we h no o!r te/imony to ?an ,d d4 ,b x is n s likely 9 ! case ( ,matt4 vi4 #h1 see+ t "h ! te/imony ( ,d is support$ by t ( h4 ,to ju/ify our neglect ( ^! witnesses1 we %\ld require to prove ei!r t h is d]iv$ f ,d or ,d f h4#ahf ,s f> z my k goes1 no "o has yet ma9ta9$ ! latt] view4 ,! d]ivation ( h f ,d is an impossibility1 = ?is reason alone t h belongs ei!r to ! f\r?1 or1 :at is p]haps m likely1 to ! fif? c5tury 7see p4 #aac74ahg ,! tru? is1 r1 t we h 9 h a second & indep5d5t witness to ! fact t at a v e>ly date ! text ( ,matt4 vi4 #h read1 8be=e y op5 y\r m\?40 ,b x is q impossible to ignore ! evid5ce ( ,d 9 ,luke xiii4 #h 7 74 ,"h too1 ( c\rse1 "o might take exception & say t z ,d is bil+ual1 its ,greek text might be d]iv$ f ! ,lat94 ,=tunately1 h[ev]1 x happ5s t ! ,lat9 ( ,d1 t is1 d1 diff]s f all ! o!r eight ,lat9 witnesses 9 read+ n coph9us b qualus1 & x is coph9us t is a loan ^w f ! ,greek#ahh2 s t ?is objection1 actually rais$ aga9/ ,d 9 ! case ( o!r read+s1 does n apply to ?is "o4 ,!re is ?is to be obs]v$1 moreov]--a po9t n giv5 9 ,tis*5dorf1 b notic$ 9 ,we/cott & ,hort--viz41 t ,orig5 also seems to h read 8basket40 ,! passage is aga9 "o t is extant only 9 ! ,lat9 translation ( ,ruf9us1 & ,tis*5dorf cites ,or4 #c1 #deb among ! witnesses support+ 2 b ,we/cott & ,hort expressly m5tion t ,orig5's context appe>s to support ! read+ 78,lev4 lat4 ,ruf41 #aij1 app>5tly ) context074 ,"h1 !n1 we h ^! ?ree /ages3-- 7#a7 ,d d alone1 --i4e4 "o solit>y ,greek manuscript4 7#b7 ,d support$ by h1 --i4e4 ! same solit>y ,greek manuscript ) ! addition ( "o repres5tative ( a v]sion4 7#c7 ,d support$ by eight ,lat9 manuscripts & ,orig51 --i4e4 ! same solit>y ,greek manuscript ) ! addition ( eight repres5tatives ( "o v]sion & "o n absolutely c]ta9 quotation4 ,:at !n8 ,c x be all[able to judge a read+'s claim to be m5tion$ & consid]$ f ! numb] ( ! witnesses support+ x1 & l ,we/cott & ,hort & ,baljon to m5tion ! ?ird only1 & take no notice ( ! o!r two8 ,i ?9k n4 ,= j z 9 c]ta9 circum/ances ! correct read+ may no long] appe> 9 any manuscript1 b mu/ be det]m9$ by conjecture1 s 9 ano!r case ! tru? may h only "o solit>y repres5tative left to support x aga9/ a :ole _w ( adv]s>ies 7,heb4 xii4 #c71 & ?is solit>y witness ei!r a manuscript1 a v]sion1 or a quotation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x may h a :ole cl\d ( witnesses accompany+ x & support+ x4 ,9 matt]s ( ?is k9d numb]s h no?+ to d ) ! case :atev]4 ,to speak ( majorities is nons5se4 ,! true man is will+ & able to /& alone1 & to _m a witness ( ?is sort we mu/ apply ! words ( ,socrates3 4 ,if we h be5 able to v]ify ! ^w ( a witness once1 sev]al times1 frequ5tly1 !n we %all be will+ to tru/ him ev5 9 cases :]e we _c *eck 8 evid5ce4 ,( c\rse we mu/ make all[ance = human fallibility--qu&oque bonus dormitat ,hom]us2 lea/ ( all 9 matt]s ( ?is k9d mu/ we look = in]rancy4 ,a manuscript ^: te/imony 0 decisive on e po9t w\ld be ev5 a great] miracle ?an a book pr9t$ )\t a s+le error at ! "t ( ! ,incunabula1 :i* ! pr9t]s ( t age w\ld h reg>d$ z an eigh? wond] ( ! _w4 ,b h[ to e/imate ! "* ( su* a witness1 see+ t ! subjective feel+1 ! in/9ctive p]ception ( :at is orig9al1 is z little to be tru/$ z ! numb] ( ! witnesses--t is ! difficulty4 ,& :at is ! po9t t our discussion has br\ght u to8 ,f ! 8(ficial rec5sions ( ! text0 made 9 ! lat] c5turies1 we s\ght to get back to simil> works ( e>li] times1 & we f\nd t ! orig9al text may h suff]$ z mu* at ! h&s ( or?odox revis]s & correctors1 :o ton$ d[n & obscur$ ! fre% col\r+ ( ! anci5t records1 z at ! h&s ( h]etics :o ins]t$ =eign & extrane\s elem5ts4#ahi ,un=tunately v little def9ite in=mation has come d[n to u f ^? e>ly times1 & z t relates m to ! hi/ory ( ! canon ?an ( ! text1 ref]5ce mu/ be made "h to ! monum5tal "w ( ,zahn4#aij ,two figures1 h[ev]1 em]ge f ?is *aos :o h left _! traces on ! hi/ory ( ! text z well1 ,tatian & ,m>cion1 ! =m] *iefly 9 connection ) ! ,gospels1 ! latt] ) ! ,paul9e ,epi/les4 ,bo? h be5 already ref]r$ to m ?an once 9 ! *apt] on ! 8,mat]ials0 7,tatian1 p4 #ig f42 ,m>cion1 pp4 #gf1 #hg71 & bo? w require c>eful consid]ation "h 9 our treatm5t ( ! pr9ciples involv$ 9 ! recon/ruction ( ! text4 ,h[ mu* w\ld be a*iev$ c\ld we b re/ore ! orig9al "w ( ,tatian ^u ! ,gospels1 or ! ,gospel & ! ,apo/le ( ,m>cion6 ,sid5ote3 ,h]etics4 7f7 ,be=e speak+ ( _! "w1 h[ev]1 !re are /ill a few less important notices to be glean$ f _! own & ! prec$+ "t4 ,ne>ly all ! h]etics 7 9 turn accus$ ( falsify+ ! ,scriptures4 ,9 ?is s5se1 also1 ! ,dut* prov]b is true1 8j$]e kett] heeft zijn lett]0 7e h]etic has 8 lett]1 8 text ( ! ,scriptures74 ,9 e>ly times ,ju/9 *>g$ ! ,jews ) su* falsification 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 & ,lag>de 0 sometimes incl9$ to suspect t ! ,massoretic numb]s 9 ,g5esis _h be5 manipulat$ by ! oppon5ts ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,su* compla9ts 7 mo/ frequ5tly made aga9/ ! ,gno/ics1 p>ticul>ly ! ,val5t9ians1 & :5 we glance ov] ! long li/s ( apocryphal & pseudepigraphical writ+s1#aia x is abundantly evid5t t at v>i\s times !re 0 a good deal ( falsification--i4e41 a good deal writt5 "u false names4 ,at ! same "t x _c be d5i$ t alt]ations 7 also made on e>ly ,*ri/ian works & ! books ( ,scripture 9 ! int]e/s ( dogma4 ,^! alt]ations are ( all sorts1 rang+ f q h>mless *anges made 9 all innoc5ce to suppos$ corrections1 &1 x may be1 ev5 wilful corruptions4#aib ,b mo/ assur$ly ! h]etics are n alone 9 be+ *>geable ) ?is (f5ce3 ,iliacos intra muros peccatur et extra4 ,z ,jli*] 7,e9l41 #cgh7 po9ts out1 ! or?odox ,*ur* tea*]s 7 v fond ( mak+ ?is *>ge aga9/ ! h]etics3 1 1 1 1 1 1 7ironically71 1 1 1 1 1 int]pol>e1 adult]>e1 viol>e1 corrod]e1 dissec>e1 auf]re1 del]e1 em5d>e 7ironically71 erad]e1 subv]t]e1 ext+u]e1 ^! are "s ( ! expressions we he> 9 ?is connection4 ,m>cion gave occasion to ! reproa* by 8 edition ( ! ,gospel ( ,luke & ! ,epi/les ( ,paul1 b aga9/ ! re/ ( ! ,gno/ics1 especially ! ,val5t9ians1 aga9/ ! ,artemonites1 ,novatians1 ,arians1 & ,donati/s1 & aga9/ ! ,ne/orians1 ! same accusation is made z 0 =m]ly br\ght aga9/ ! ,jews4 ,ev5 )9 ! pale ( ! ,*ur* "o p>ty attribut$ su* practices to ! o!r4 ,ambrosia/]1 e4g41 believ$ t 9 ! case ( important discrepancies betwe5 ! ,greek & ,lat9 manuscripts1 ! v>iations 7 due to ! presumption ( ! ,greek writ]s :o _h int]polat$ spuri\s matt]4 ,j]ome 0 afraid ?is w\ld be said ( him if he v5tur$ to make ! slighte/ alt]ation3 quis doctus p>it] vel indoctus non /atim erumpat 9 vocem1 me fals>ium1 me1 clamans1 esse sacrilegum qui audeam aliquid 9 vet]ibus libris add]e1 mut>e1 corrig]e6 ,! curse 9 ,apoc4 xxii4 #ah f4 0 also ref]r$ to ! 8falsifi]s10 :o ?\ght x m conv9c+ & m rev]5t to obs]ve ! rules ( gramm> & logic ?an to abide by all ! peculi> expressions 9 ! ,scriptures4 ,at a meet+ ( ,cyprian bi%ops1 ab\t ! ye> #cej1 :5 "o ( !m1 9 quot+ ! v]se ,john v4 #h1 sub/itut$ = ! bett] ,greek ^w 1 ano!r %\t$ to him 9 ! he>+ ( all ! multitude1 8,art ?\ bett] ?an he :o said t ?\ art a%am$ to use 8 words80#aic ,& x is a well-kn[n fact t 9 ! "t ( ,augu/9e !re 0 v ne>ly an upro> 9 an ,african congregation ov] ,jonah's 8g\rd0 7cucurbita7 or ,jonah's 8ivy0 7h$]a74 ,a few ref]5ces at lea/ may be collect$ "h3-- 7#a7 ,on a c]ta9 ,sunday#aid 9 ! ye> #agj or !reab\ts1 ,dionysius1 ,bi%op ( ,cor9?1 wrote a lett] to ! ,*ur* at ,rome ?r\gh _! ,bi%op ,sot]1 ( :i* ,eusebius has pres]v$ ! foll[+ among o!r passages 7,eccl4 ,hi/41 iv4 #bc73-- 4 #aie 1 1 4 4#aif 1#aig 1 4 ,! are 9 all likelihood ! ,gospels 7! ,syriac r5d]s 8! writ+s ( our ,"l071 b may also include ! ,paul9e ,epi/les & ! ,o4,t4 ,if we are to take ! words ( ,dionysius 9 _! /rict s5se1 x w\ld appe> t ^! writ+s1 l 8 own lett]s1 _h be5 corrupt$ by means ( 8additions0 & 8omissions40 ,! la/ s5t5ce1 if x is put correctly1 & if x has be5 fai?fully transmitt$1 leads u to inf] t 9 8 lett] to ,cor9? ,sot] _h express$ 8 surprise t ! writ+s ( ! ,"l %\ld h be5 falsifi$4 ,to :i* ,dionysius replies t c]ta9 lett]s ( 8 own _h be5 falsifi$ also1 & t x 0 !re=e no wond] if !y did ! same to ! writ+s ( ! ,"l1 see+ !y tamp]$ also 7or1 ev57 ) ^? t 7 inf]ior to !m4 ,! simple/ explanation ( ! words is1 und\bt$ly1 t ,dionysius s\ght to console himself ov] ! fate t _h befall5 8 lett]s1 by reflect+ t x 0 n surpris+ t !y _h falsifi$ 8 lett]s ( less importance1 see+ !y _h presum$ to d ! same ev5 to ! writ+s ( ! ,"l4 ,on ! fir/ int]pretation1 "o w\ld c]ta9ly expect ,dionysius to use a /rong] expression to describe 8 feel+s at ! manipulation ( ! sacr$ writ+s ?an ! m]e 4 ,:o are meant by 8 ,"o mo/ naturally ?9ks ( ,m>cion4 ,accord+ to a lat] acc\nt1 ,sot]1 :om ,j]ome does n m5tion among ! writ]s1 compos$ a book aga9/ ! ,montani/s4 ,sid5ote3 ,artemonites4 7#b7 ,9 ! la/ *apt] ( ! ,fif? ,book ( 8 ,ecclesia/ical ,hi/ory 7c4 xxviii471 entitl$ 1 ,eusebius quotes ! foll[+ compla9t f an e>li] s\rce1 entitl$ ! ,little ,labyr9? 7 #bce73-- 1 1 1 1 b occupy+ !mselves ) ,logic1 ,geometry1 ,euclid1 ,ari/otle1 ,!ophra/us1 & ,gal51 1 444 1 4 1 4 1 4 ' 1 4 4 4 ' #aih 1 4 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 ' 1 1 4 1 ' 1 4 ,! passage is v in/ructive4 ,we le>n t copies ( ! writ+s ( ^! h]etics 7 to be f\nd 9 abundance1 because _! disciples eag]ly ins]t$ _! em5dations 9 _! texts1 8ea* "o's em5dations1 z !y /yle !m1 b 9 reality !y are corruptions10 z ! ,syriac has x4 ,at ! same "t1 x is n q c]ta9 t really means correct$ manuscripts ( ! ,bible1 & n ! h]etics' own works--i4e41 :e!r we %\ld und]/& aft] 1 1 1 & n r or 4 ,9 ! =m] case we %all h to se>* = a rec5sion ( ,asclepiades1 ( ,!odotus1 ( ,h]mophilus1 & 9 ! case ( ,apollonides = a d\ble rec5sion1 an e>li] & a lat]4 ,?is int]pretation ( ! words does c]ta9ly receive support f ! positive way 9 :i* ! hi/orian argues f ! conduct ( ^! h]etics1 t !y ei!r did n believe 9 any inspiration ( ! holy ,scriptures1 or ?\ght !y c\ld write bett] !mselves1 & also f 8 rem>k t !y did n receive 9 t =m 77 f _! 7,*ri/ian7 in/ructors1 & 7 n able to %[ any old] copies f :i* _! own 7 transcrib$4 ,f ! m5tion ( ! ,law & ! ,prophets1 we may conclude t ! ref]5ce is ma9ly to ! ,o4 ,t4 ,epiphanius m5tions ! ,!odotians z appeal+ to ,deut4 xviii4 #ae1 ,j]4 xvii4 #i1 ,isa4 liii4 #c1 ,matt4 xii4 #ca1 ,luke i4 #ce1 ,john viii4 #dj1 ,acts ii4 #bb1 #a ,tim4 ii4 #e2 :ile ,hippolytus argues aga9/ !m on ! gr\nd t 9 ,john i4 #ad1 x is n b 4 ,no sure traces1 h[ev]1 c be discov]$ 9 any ( ^! ,n4 ,t4 passages ( _! suppos$ tr5*ant criticism ( ! text4 ,! mo/ probable in/ance is ,luke i4 #ce4 8,if we may tru/ ! /atem5t ( ,epiphanius10 says ,h>nack 7,mon>*ianismus1 ,,pre#c1 x4 #ahh71 8,!odotus wi%$ to sep>ate ! second half ( ! s5t5ce f ! fir/ 7 1 71#aii z if ! words 7 want+1 :i* makes ! s5t5ce imply t ! div9e ,son%ip ( ,*ri/ re/s on 8 approv+ himself4 ,b p]haps ,!odotus omitt$ altoge!r1 j z he seems to h read in/ead ( 1 9 ord] to obviate all ambiguity40 ,! latt] read+ is n m5tion$ 9 ,tis*5dorf1 & ! rem>k ( ,epiphanius 9 my op9ion am\nts to ?is1 t :]eas he und]/ood to be ! subject ( ! s5t5ce1 ,!odotus made x ! pr$icate & sep>at$ x f 4#bjj ,sid5ote3 ,m>cosians4 7#c7 ,speak+ ( ! ,m>cosians1#bja ,ir5u says 7#ib73-- 444 1 4 ,?is seems to conta9 a ref]5ce to ,matt4 xiii4 #ag1 b :at is compla9$ ( is a false int]pretation ( ! words ( ,scripture r ?an an actual alt]ation ( ! text itself4#bjb ,! /ill e>li] passage1 ,polyc>p vii4 #a1 is also to be tak5 z ref]r+ to ?is practice1 1 4 ,= ! exposition ( ! passage see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #hdb4 ,sid5ote3 ,basilides4 7#d7 ,t ,basilides#bjc alt]$ ! text ( ! ,gospels z receiv$ by ! ,*ur* 9 accordance ) 8 own religi\s & e?ical views1 & incorporat$ !m 9 _! alt]$ =m 9 8 ,evangelium1 is %[n by ,zahn on ,matt4 xix4 #aj-ab 7,,gk4 i4 #gga74 ,he %[s also t ! =m into :i* ,basilides ca/ ! ,synoptic n>rative may h prep>$ ! way = ! belief t ,simon ! ,cyr5ian 0 crucifi$ in/ead ( ,jesus1 if ?is 0 really 8 doctr9e4 ,sid5ote3 ,notus4 7#e7 ,hippolytus says ( ,notus 7,lag>de's edition1 #de1 #ai73 1 4 ,he means by ?is1 accord+ to ,zahn1 t ! ,noetians g>bl$ _! quotations1 & made selections ( ,scriptural say+s )\t pay+ reg>d to ! context4 ,b comp>e ibid41 l9e #g ff41 1 1 4 ,sid5ote3 ,val5t9ians4 7#f7 ,h]acleon1#bjd ! ,val5t9ian1 is said to h read in/ead ( 9 ,john ii4 #bj1 b :e!r he made ! alt]ation himself or f\nd ! =m] read+ 9 8 exempl> is n cle>ly made out4 ,!re is no notice ( ! v>iant 9 ,tis*5dorf1 ,baljon1 or 9 our comm5t>ies4 ,x is m5tion$ by ,scriv5]1 ,introd41 ii4 #bfj1 n4 #c1 :]e ref]5ce is made to ,lightfoot's ,colossians1 p4 #ccf1 n4 #a4 ,orig51 comm5t+ on ,john i4 #bh1 cites ,h]acleon 9 support ( ! read+ 8,be?any10 :i*1 he says1 8is f\nd 9 almo/ all ! manuscripts40 ,9 contra/ to ! ,m>cionites & _! practice ( mutilat+ ! ,scriptures1 ,ir5u says ( ! ,val5t9ians 7iii4 #ab1 #ab73 scripturas quidem confit5tur1 int]pretationes v]o conv]tunt1 quemadmodum o/5dimus 9 primo libro4 ,!re we read 7i4 #c1 #f73 1 4 ,b 9 i4 #aa1 #i he says ( !m3 ,illi v]o qui sunt a ,val5t9o 444 suas conscriptiones pr(]5tes1 plura hab]e gloriantur quam s9t ipsa evangelia1 siquidem 9 tantum process]unt audaciae1 uti quod ab 8 non olim scriptum e/1 8v]itatis evangelium0 titul5t1 9 nihilo conv5i5s apo/olorum evangeliis1 ut nec evangelium sit apud eos s9e blasphemia4 ,= ! cont9uation & discussion ( ! passage1 see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 ii4 #gdh4 ,see also ,we/cott1 ,canon1 p4 #bih ff4 ,zahn 7,,gk4 ii4 #gee7 endeav\rs to %[ t !y correct$ ! text ( ! manuscripts1 by ! omission ( 1 e4g41 9 #a ,cor4 xv4 #bi1 & ! ins]tion ( 9 ,col4 i4 #af4 ,9 i4 #h1 #a1 ,ir5u accuses !m ( 4 ,! prov]b is f ,ahik>4 ,! well-kn[n *>ge made by ,celsus 7,orig4 con4 ,cels41 #b1 #bg2 ,koets*au1 i4 #aef7 & ! answ] ( ,orig5 ref] p>tly to ! re-writ+ ( manuscripts & p>tly to _! alt]ation3 7,celsus7 1 ' 4 4 4 ' 1 4 ,sid5ote3 ,gno/ics4 7#g7 ,clem5t 7,/rom41 iii4 #ci7 compla9s t ! ,gno/ics corrupt$ ! s5se ( ! ,scriptures bo? by arbitr>ily misplac+ ! emphasis 79 oral deliv]y7 & by alt]+ ! punctuation 79 copy+ manuscripts872 see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #dbd4 ,on ,t]tullian's compla9t z to ! way 9 :i* ,m>cion con/ru$ ,luke xx4 #ce1 see bel[1 p4 #bgf4 7#h7 ,clem5t 7,/rom41 iv4 #da7 quotes ,matt4 v4 #aj;a1 to :i* he annexes ! reason f\nd 9 v]se #i;b1 & !n goes on to say1 1 1 1 1 4 ,zahn 7,,gk4 i4 p4 #daa7 makes ! surmise t :5 ,clem5t spoke ( c]ta9 p]sons :o 8transpos$0 or alt]$ ! ,gospels--i4e41 took lib]ties ) ! text1 he may h be5 ?9k+ ( ,tatian1 ^: p]sonal int]c\rse he may h enjoy$ = a l5g? ( "t1 & ) ^: ,greek writ+s he %[s himself to be famili>4 ,sid5ote3 ,simon ,magus & ! ,m>cionites4 7#i7 ,9 an ,arabic ,introduction to a collection ( alleg$ ,nic5e ,canons p>ticul> /ress is laid ^u ! falsification ( ! ,scriptures by h]etics4 ,! ,emp]or ,con/ant9e is repres5t$ z address+ ! ,fa!rs at ,nica1 & enjo9+ !m1 9 deal+ ) h]etics1 to di/+ui% betwe5 ^? :o reject & falsify ! holy ,scriptures & ^? :o m]ely int]pret !m falsely4 ,! ar*-h]etic ,simon ,magus already appe>s z a fabricator ( spuri\s ,scripture4 ,8 sect possess$ an ,evangelium 9 f\r books1 to :i* !y gave ! title 8,lib] quatuor angulorum et c>d9um mundi40 ,! ,phocalites 7,kukiani7 reta9$ ! ,old ,te/am5t1 b 9 place ( ! ,*ur*'s ,new ,te/am5t !y _h "o manufactur$ by !mselves1 9 :i* ! twelve ,apo/les bore b>b>ic names4 ,x is said ( ! ,m>cionites3 ,sacras scripturas quibusdam 9 locis commut>unt addid]untque ,evangelio et ,epi/olis ,pauli apo/oli quibusdam 9 locis1 qua$am v]o loca mutil>unt4 ,apo/olorum ,actus e m$io omn9o su/ul]unt1 alium sub/itu5tes ,actorum librum1 qui fav]et op9ionibus ac dogmatibus1 illumque nuncup>unt 8,librum propositi f9is40 ,see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 ii4 #ddh1 :]e ref]5ce is made to ,mansi1 ,conc4 ,coll41 ii4 7,flor41 #agei71 #idg-ajhb2 ,hefele1 ,concili5ges*i*te1 #bnd4 ed41 i4 #cfa-cfh1 #bhb f42 ,h>nack1 ,d] ,ketz]-,katalog des ,bis*(s ,m>uta von ,maiph]kat1 ,,tu4 7,new ,s]ies71 iv41 #ahii2 ,th,lz41 #ahii1 #b4 ,sid5ote3 ,arians4 7#aj7 ,ambrose says on ,john iii4 #f 7,de ,spiritu1 iii4 #aj73 ,quem locum ita expresse1 ,ariani1 te/ificam9i esse de ,spiritu1 ut eum de ve/ris codicibus auf]atis4 ,atque ut9am de ve/ris et non etiam de ,ecclesiae codicibus toll]etis4 ,eo enim tempore quo impiae infidelitatis ,aux5tius ,m$iolan5sem ,ecclesiam armis ex]cituque occupav]at1 vel a ,val5te atque ,ursatis nutantibus sac]dotibus suis incursabatur ,ecclesia ,sirmi5sis1 falsum hoc et sacrilegium ve/rum 9 ,ecclesia/icis codicibus depreh5sum e/4 ,et =tasse hoc etiam 9 ori5te feci/is4 ,sid5ote3 ,greeks4 7#aa7 ,ambrosia/] has ! foll[+ note on ,rom4 v4 #ad 7,migne1 xvii4 #ajj f473 ,et tam5 sic 7i4e4 7 praescribitur nobis de graecis codicibus1 quasi non ipsi ab invicem discrep5t1 quod facit /udium cont5tionis4 ,quia enim propria quis auctoritate uti non pote/ ad victoriam1 v]ba legis adult]at1 ut s5sum suis quasi v]ba legis ass]at1 ut non ratio s$ auctoritas praescrib]e videatur4 ,con/at autem porro olim quosdam lat9os de vet]ibus graecis translatos 7esse7 codicibus1 quos incorruptos simplicitas temporum s]vavit et probat3 po/quam autem a concordia animis disc$5tibus et ha]eticis p]turbantibus torqu]i quae/ionibus coep]unt1 multa immutata sunt ad s5sum humanum1 ut hoc cont9]etur 9 litt]is quod hom9i vid]etur1 unde etiam ipsi ,graeci div]sos codices hab5t4 ,hoc autem v]um arbitror1 qu&o et ratio et hi/oria et auctoritas obs]vatur3 nam hodie quae 9 lat9is repreh5duntur codicibus1 sic inv5iuntur a vet]ibus posita1 ,t]tulliano1 ,victor9o1 et ,cypriano4 ,! correction 8hodie quae0 = 8hodieque0 9 ! la/ s5t5ce is due to ,haussleit]1 ,=s*ung51 iv4 #cb4 ,! passage is also int]e/+ z be+ ! e>lie/ in/ance kn[n to me ( ! collocation ( ratio & auctoritas z ! two arbit]s 9 !ological disputes4 ,comp>e ! frequ5t comb9ation ( ! two by ,lu!r 9 8 e>li] polemics--e4g4 aga9/ ,pri]ias1 & also lat] 9 8 prote/ at ,worms4 ,aga91 ,ambrosia/] says on ,gal4 ii4 #a1 ) ref]5ce to ,acts xv4 #bj1 #bi3 ,quae sophi/ae ,graecorum non intellig5tes1 sci5tes tam5 a sangu9e ab/95dum adult]ant scripturam1 qu>tum m&atum add5tes 8et a suffocatis obs]v&um10 quod puto nec ne ,dei nutu intellecturi sunt1 quia iam supra dictum e/1 quod addid]unt4 ,sid5ote3 ,m>cion4 7g7 ,m>cion4--,we h m exact in=mation 9 reg>d to ,m>cion's great und]tak+ ?an to ^! sl5d] attempts at textual criticism4 ,"h !re is a full] /ream ( te/imony bo? 9 ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,fa!rs4 ,x mu/ be confess$1 h[ev]1 t hi!rto att5tion has be5 direct$ m to 8 position 9 ! matt] ( ! ,canon g5]ally ?an to 8 "w on ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,"h aga91 ! works ( ,zahn ?r[ mo/ light ^u ! subject2 9 o!r works1 l ! ,,pre e4g41 ?is side ( ,m>cion's activity is v sup]ficially treat$4 ,sev]al po9ts h already be5 ref]r$ to "h & !re 9 ! previ\s "p ( ?is "w1 b ! "q mu/ n[ be treat$ z a :ole4#bje ,9 ! op5+ s5t5ce ( 8 exam9ation ( ,m>cion's ,new ,te/am5t1 ,zahn av]s t no *ur* tea*] ( ! second c5tury occupies su* an important position 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ecclesia/ical canon z does t e>ly writ]4 ,if ?is is really s1 x becomes all ! m important = u to inquire :e!r traces ( 8 influ5ce may n be discov]able also 9 our witnesses to ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 ,new ,te/am5t4 ,m>cion's ,new ,te/am5t1 :i* 0 at ! same "t 8 entire ,bible1 consi/$ ( two books ( mod]ate compass--viz4 a ,gospel-,book1 :i* he seems to h call$ simply1 & a collection ( t5 ,paul9e ,epi/les call$1 probably by himself1 7sc4 74 ,! ,epi/les 7 arrang$ 9 an ord] :i* 0 evid5tly ?\ght to correspond to t ( _! composition--viz41 ,gal41 #a & #b ,cor41 ,rom41 #a & #b ,!ss41 ,laodic5os 7 ,ephes471 ,col41 ,phil41 ,phm4 ,he 0 unanim\sly accus$ by ! ,*ur* tea*]s ( hav+ mutilat$ ! ecclesia/ical ,bible 9 ! manufacture ( 8 own1 & also ( hav+ corrupt$ ! text "h & !re by means ( int]polations1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! case ( ,luke1 :i* 0 ! only ,gospel he admitt$4 ,!y compla9$ t he us$ n ! p5 b ! knife 7only he us$ x = a purpose ! opposite ( t = :i* ! scissors are employ$ n[adays71 & ! sponge1 & also t he delet$ n words m]ely b :ole pages4 ,!y comp>$ 8 "w ^u ! manuscripts to t ( a m\se4#bjf ,& z = 8 disciples6 ,e day !y 7 improv+ _! ,gospel4 ,see+ t he himself _h n gone s f> z to erase ! writ+s ( ,paul altoge!r1 8 disciples cont9u$ 8 "w1 & remov$ :atev] did n concur ) _! views4#bjg ,b accord+ to te/imony ext5d+ ov] a long /ret* ( "t1 _! text ( ! ,scriptures seems to h und]gone few] alt]ations dur+ t p]iod ?an t ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* 7,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #fac74 ,9 comp>+ ! text ( ^! two collections 8x %\ld be cle>ly und]/ood t ! ,*ur*'s text1 ^: treatm5t by ,m>cion is 9 "q1 is n to be id5tifi$ ) t ( our ,bible ,societies1 or ( ,tis*5dorf1 or ( ,epiphanius1 b 0 su* a text z ,m>cion f\nd 9 ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* or 9 ! ,roman community ab\t ! ye> #aej4 ,! text ( ! ecclesia/ical exempl> on :i* ,m>cion bas$ 8 lab\rs c no long] be re/or$ 9 e ^w1 b suffici5t means are at our comm& to give u a g5]al idea ( ! =m :i* ! text ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les pres5t$ 9 ! second c5tury1 & at ! same "t to asc]ta9 9 _m sep>ate in/ances :at text ,m>cion _h be=e him4 ,x turns out 9 _m cases t :at seems /range 9 ,m>cion's text to "o :o comp>es x ) ! textus receptus1 or ) "o ( our mod]n critical editions1 )\t kn[+ mu* ab\t ! hi/ory ( ! text1 is by no means peculi> to ,m>cion1 b 0 pretty common 9 ! ,we/ 9 e>ly times4 ,n[ x is q inconceivable1 9 view ( ! implacable ho/ility ( ! ,*ur* to ,m>cion1 t 8 text1 condemn$ z x 0 unceas+ly z be+ h]etical & spuri\s1 %\ld h ex]t$ any positive influ5ce on t ( ! ,*ur*4#bjh ,x foll[s1 accord+ly1 t all ^? ?+s 9 ,m>cion's ,bible t seem to ! un9itiat$ to be peculi> to x alone1 b :i* are atte/$ by ,ca?olic manuscripts1 v]sions1 & ,patri/ic writ]s1 7 n inv5t$ by ,m>cion1 b tak5 by him f ! ,*ur*'s ,bible ( t "t1 or f "o su* ,bible at all ev5ts1 & 7 only gradually ou/$ f ! text us$ by ! ,*ur*40#bji ,all ?is1 :i* is tak5 ^w = ^w1 ) ! exception ( a slight *ange 9 ! la/ s5t5ce1 f ,zahn's diss]tation ( ! ye> #ahhi 7p4 #fcf71 %\ld ev5 at t "t h be5 self-evid5t1 b1 l ,zahn's fur!r /atem5ts 9 ! same place1 has n yet be5 suffici5tly att5d$ to1 especially 9 our comm5t>ies on ,luke & ! ,paul9e ,epi/les4 ,he po9ts out1 e4g41 t ,t]tullian1 9 speak+ ( ! *ange ( ! address 8ad ,ephesios0 to 8,laodic5os10 cr$its ,m>cion ) ! int5tion ( be+ 8et 9 i/o dilig5tissimus explorator10 s t x is possible t he comp>$ sev]al manuscripts 9 ord] to discov] ! orig9al word+4#baj ,9 su* cases1 !re=e1 ! "q may be ask$ :e!r ,m>cion may n really h pres]v$ ! orig9al text1 & :e!r 8 text1 s f> z x is corroborat$ by any indep5d5t tradition1 %\ld n be e/imat$ mu* high] ?an x is by ! textual critics ( ! pres5t4#baa ,zahn des]ves all ! m cr$it = giv+ su* c>eful att5tion to que/ions relat+ to ! text1 see+ t ! subject ( 8 inve/igation 0 m]ely ! hi/ory ( ! canon4 ,he has dealt *iefly ) ^? passages 9 :i* ,m>cion's int5tional alt]ations h be5 pres]v$4 ,sid5ote3 ,8 8,em5dations40 ,ref]5ce may be made1 e4g41 to ! pages 9 ! fir/ volume ( 8 ,hi/ory1 entitl$ ,m9or ,em5dations1 :]e9 x is %[n h[ ,m>cion1 9 8 ho/ility to ! ,old ,te/am5t ) its ,god ( ,righte\sness1 omitt$ ! quotations f ! ,old ,te/am5t altoge!r1 or dropp$ ! introductory =mula ( quotation 9 ,rom4 i4 #ag1 xii4 #ai1 #b ,cor4 iv4 #ac2 exclud$ all ! ref]5ces to ,abraham 9 ,galatians except 9 iv4 #bb2 alt]$ 9 ,rom4 x4 #c to 2 remov$ ! words 1 f ,gal4 iv4 #d2 *ang$ ! active con/ruction into ! passive 9 #a ,cor4 iii4 #ag2 & else:]e /rove aft] great] cond5sation1 lucidity1 & brevity ( expression4 ,m>cion1 says ,zahn1 _h good gr\nds = believ+ t ! text ( ! ,scriptures _h n rema9$ un*ang$ dur+ ! c5tury t _h elaps$ s9ce _! composition1 ?\gh t might be said ) m tru? ( ! ,gospels & ! ,acts ?an ( ! ,epi/les2 b to attempt to rid ! ,apo/le's text ( all suppos$ corruptions ) no reg>d to any sort ( critical mat]ial :atev]1 b dep5d+ simply & solely on 8 own in/9ctive s5se ( :at 0 g5u9ely ,*ri/ian & apo/olic1 0 ! und]tak+ ( a giant1 z ,ir5u calls ,m>cion4 ,& 8 disciples1 9 a bl9d v5]ation ( 8 au?ority1 seem to h exce$$ ! int5tion ( ! ma/] & editor1 8j z _m ,lu!rans at ! pres5t day look ^u ,lu!r's translation1 ) all its faults1 z ! v ^w ( ,god1 & h>dly capable ( improvem5t40 ,9 ! ,app5dices to 8 second volume ,zahn has gone /ill m c>efully into ! que/ions relat+ to ! criticism ( ! text4#bab ,8 ma9 conclusions w h>dly be conte/$4 ,among ^! are ! foll[+3-- ,sid5ote3 ,m>cion & ! ,we/]n ,text4 #a4 ,t ,m>cion bas$ 8 ,gospel on t ( ,luke1 al?\gh 8 text displays v>i\s elem5ts belong+ to ,mat!w & ,m>k2 #b4 ,t ?is mixture is f\nd 9 ^? passages :]e9 ! ecclesia/ical texts1 & especially ! ,we/]n1 exhibit ! same or simil> features2 #c4 ,t ,m>cion's text %[s#bac none ( ^? small 8apocryphal additions0 :i* we f9d comb9$ ) ! cont5ts ( our ,gospels 9 ,ju/9 & ,tatian4 ,zahn also calls att5tion frequ5tly to ! diff]5t manuscripts :i* /ill exhibit a text agree+ ) t cr$it$ to ,m>cion1 & :i* are precisely ! ,we/]n witnesses1 ! ,old ,lat9 manuscripts1 & ,d ( ! ,greek4#bad ,comp>e1 e4g41 on ,luke v4 #ad1 #cd1 #ci2 vi4 #be f41 #ca1 #cg2 viii4 #de2 ix4 #f1 #af1 #bb2 x4 #bb1 #be2 xi4 #bj1 #da2 xii4 #ad1 #ca1 #eh f42 xviii4 #ce2 xx4 #cf2 xxi4 #bg1 #cj2 xxiv4 #f1 #bf1 #cg4 ,b !re are also passages :]e ,m>cion p>ts company ) ,d & its associates--e4g41 vi4 #bb1 #bf1 #bi2 xi4 #d4 ,9 ,paul1 too1 ! numb] ( passages display+ agreem5t betwe5 ,m>cion & ,d#b ,g#b prepond]ates3 ,gal4 ii4 #e2 iii4 #ad;b2 v4 #a1 #ad1 #bd2 #a ,cor4 i4 #ah2 #b ,cor4 v4 #d2 #a ,!ss4 iv4 #af2 ,eph4 i4 #i1 #ac2 iii4 #aj2 iv4 #f2 v4 #bh ff4 ,! agreem5t betwe5 ,m>cion's text & t ( ! m9uscule #aeg 0 previ\sly emphasis$ by ,zahn--e4g41 9 ,luke xvi4 #ab1 :]e ! read+ in/ead ( 7 ,b ,l7 is support$ z yet by ?is ,greek manuscript alone & ?ree old ,lat9 7e i l71 & 9 xxi4 #cj1 :]e only "o o!r ( ! m9uscules collat$ by ,scriv5] supports ,d #aeg 9 read+ 4#bae ,9 ,luke xxiv4 #bf1 ,d & ,m>cion are our only witnesses = ! read+ in/ead ( 4 ,h[ is ?is to be expla9$8 ,zahn1 e4g41 holds t x is a m]e co9cid5ce t ,m>cion's read+1 8prophetas suos10#baf 9 #a ,!ss4 ii4 #ae agrees ) read by ,d#b ,e#b ,k#b ,l#b1 i4e41 ! repres5tatives ( ! ,antio*ean rec5sion1 ) :i* ,m>cion else:]e v seldom agrees1 see+ he f\nds ?r\gh\t ^u a ,we/]n text4 ,9 ! great majority ( cases ! explanation seems to be simple en\gh4 ,m>cion began 8 c>e] at ,rome1 s t we may naturally expect him to give u a ,we/]n text4 ,s f>1 !re=e1 "o might be tempt$ simply to ignore t text z hi!rto1 al?\gh a text atte/$ by ,m>cion & ! ,*ur* 9 common is surely entitl$1 ev5 9 respect ( its antiquity1 to mu* m consid]ation ?an has be5 paid to x h]et(ore4 ,! importance1 & at ! same "t ! difficulty1 ( ! problem is increas$ by ! fact t we f9d ! same text z 81 or at all ev5ts "o ( a simil> sort1 repres5t$ 9 a totally diff]5t qu>t]--viz4 9 ,tatian4#bag ,sid5ote3 ,tatian4 7h7 ,tatian#bah has already be5 ref]r$ to 9 a g5]al way above 7p4 #ig ff473 we %all n[ give ! te/imony ( ! e>ly *ur* reg>d+ him v]batim4 ,if we leave out ( acc\nt ! some:at d\btful ref]5ce 9 ,hegesippus 7p4 #if71 & an equally unc]ta9 allusion to ! title ( 8 ,h>mony 9 ,orig51#bai ! te/imony f purely ,greek s\rces is conf9$ to a few s5t5ces 9 ,eusebius1#bbj a notice 9 ,epiphanius1#bba & a s*olion 9 a manuscript ( ! ,gospels4#bbb ,= m exact in=mation we are indebt$ solely to ! ,syrian *ur*4 ,! ,greek writ] ,!odoret gives u mo/ details4#bbc ,! notices conta9$ 9 ,syriac & ,arabic s\rces are m num]\s ?an ! ,greek1 b !y are %ort] & mu/ be omitt$ "h4#bbd ,x becomes necess>y1 !re=e1 to consid] v c>efully :e!r any ve/iges ( ,tatian's "w are pres]v$ 9 our witnesses = ! text1 & h[ ^! may1 & inde$ mu/1 be us$ 9 its criticism4 ,i assume z hav+ be5 demon/rat$ by ,zahn1 t ,tatian's ,diatess>on 0 a ,syriac "w1 & ,i take x z v probable t ! ,curetonian ,syriac & ! ,lewis ,syriac pres5t u ) two works bas$ on1 or at lea/ influ5c$ by1 t ( ,tatian4 ,to :at ext5t ! same is true ( ! ,pe%itto z well ne$ n be consid]$ "h1 ! ma9 problem be+ to elucidate ! connection betwe5 ,tatian & ! ,we/]n witnesses4 ,& "h we are at once confront$ ) a matt] ( great unc]ta9ty--viz41 :e!r !re might n also h be5 a ,greek ,h>mony ( ! ,gospels ei!r antec$5t to ! ,diatess>on or contempor>y ) x1 :i* ,tatian himself made or employ$4 ,zahn ?9ks n1 ma9ly because f ! side ( ! ,greek ,*ur* we h almo/ no notice :atev] ( ! exi/5ce ( any?+ ( ?is sort1 nor ( ,tatian's own "w ei!r4 ,h>nack seems n to be conv9c$ ( ! correctness ( ,zahn's position4#bbe ,he ev5 decl>es t ,h>ris's ,prelim9>y ,/udy#bbf has only confirm$ 8 8conviction t ,tatian compos$ a ,greek ,h>mony ( ! ,gospels40#bbg ,t treatise is accompani$ by a facsimile ( ! fragm5t ( ,m>k 9 ,codex ,wd1 8! cont5ts ( :i* display an aff9ity ) ! text ( ! ,diatess>on 7) ! orig9al text8740#bbh ,at all ev5ts ,h>nack is ( op9ion t ,h>ris's conclusions ) reg>d to a ,pre-,tatian & a v e>ly ,h>mony ( ! n>rative ( ! ,passion are v premature1 & 9 8 judgm5t %\ld ei!r n h be5 put =w>d at all 9 a ,prelim9>y ,/udy or sugge/$ ) m delib]ation4 ,g4 ,krg] also puts 8?is ,comb9$ ,gospel writt5 9 ,syriac 7,greek870 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,e>ly ,*ri/ian ,lit]ature1 #cg4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,hogg 9 #ab ( 8 ,introduction1#bbi ,non-,syriac ,texts ( ! ,diatess>on1 says no?+ ( a ,greek text1 & 9 #ai1 :]e he raises ! "q1 8,9 :at language 0 x writt5801 he speaks only ( ! 8view fav\r$ by an increas+ majority ( s*ol>s1 t x 0 writt5 9 ,syriac10 & !n asks1 on ?is view1 80 x a translation or simply a compilation80 & la/ly1 :i* is ! ma9 "q1 8:at precisely is its relation to 444 ! ,we/]n text g5]ally80 ,9 8 fir/ "w1 writt5 prior to ! publication ( ! ,arabic text1 ,zahn v frequ5tly po9t$ to ! fact t ! s-call$ ,we/]n witnesses--i4e41 ,codex ,d & ! ,old ,lat9 manuscripts1 agree s (t5 ) ,tatian4#bcj ,8 explanation ( ?is ph5om5on is v simple--viz41 t ,tatian return$ f ,rome to 8 old home 9 ,syria ab\t ! ye> #agb1 & took ) him f ! ,we/ 8 text1 :i* 0 j ! ,we/]n text4 ,sid5ote3 ,tatian & ! ,we/]n ,text4 ,?is view w\ld pres5t no difficulty if x 7 only ! case t ! ,diatess>on %>$ ! peculi>ities ( ! ,we/]n text1 b is ! fact n r ! conv]se ( ?is--viz41 t ,d1 ! lead+ repres5tative ( t text1 %>es ! peculi>ities ( a ,h>mony ( ! ,gospels1 might we say1 9 %ort1 ( ! ,diatess>on8 ,n only are c]ta9 read+s ! same 9 bo? texts1 b ! ,we/]n text seems actually to exhibit features :i* c sc>cely be reg>d$ o!rwise ?an z ! outcome ( a ,h>mony4 ,i h giv5 expression to ?is op9ion ere n[2 x /ruck me =cibly :5 ,i 0 collat+ ! ,codex ,bezae = my ,supplem5tum ,novi ,te/am5ti ,graeci4 ,9 ord] to af=d a m conv5i5t survey ( ! va/ numb] ( v>iants1 ,i foll[$ ! p>agraph+ ( ,we/cott & ,hort's edition4 ,n[ look at ! v>iants !re4 ,:]eas ! majority consi/ ( q sep>ate & disconnect$ read+s1 ,i 0 oblig$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! p]icop regul>ly to copy half a l9e or ev5 a :ole l9e f ,d1 its text diff]$ s mu* f t ( our pres5t editions at ! beg9n+s ( ! p]icop1 & !re only to ! same ext5t4 ,see1 e4g41 ,luke v4 #ag1 #bg2 vii4 #a1 #ah2 ix4 #cg2 x4 #a1 #be2 xi4 #ad2 xii4 #a to ! end2 xxiv4 #ac4 ,x is true ?is ph5om5on is mo/ frequ5tly obs]v$ 9 ,luke1 :]e ,i _h previ\sly expla9$ its appe>ance 9 ano!r way by suppos+ l ,blass t x 0 due to ! au?or hav+ issu$ two editions ( t ,gospel4 ,b nei!r is x altoge!r abs5t f ! o!r ,gospels4 ,x occurs mo/ seldom1 z might be expect$1 9 ,mat!w1 b examples may be se5 9 xvii4 #bb1 #bd2 xx4 #bi4 ,9 ,m>k see iii4 #ai2 iv4 #a2 vi4 #g4 ,!re are o!r features besides ?is :i* are difficult ( explanation on any o!r gr\nds4 ,= ^! ,i may briefly ref] to ! second ( ! works relat+ to ?is "p ( ! subject1 ,! ,syro-,lat9 ,text ( ! ,gospels1 by ,f4 ,h4 ,*ase1#bca 9 :i* a special *apt] is devot$ to ! "q ( 8,h>moni/ic ,influ5ce0 7pp4 #gf-ajj74 ,! writ] calls att5tion !re to ?ree po9ts1 viz43-- #a4 8,! text ( ,codex ,bezae %[s con/ant indications ( h>moni/ic influ5ce40 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is no?+ new4 ,j]ome1 e4g41 compla9s ( amalgamations ( ?is sort4 ,b !n1 #b4 8,9 su* h>moniz$ passages read+s occur :i* we are ju/ifi$ by o!r evid5ce 9 consid]+ z ,tatianic read+s40 #c4 8,!re are o!r signs ( ! influ5ce ( ,syriac phraseology 91 or 9 ! neighb\rhood (1 su* read+s due to h>moni/ic influ5ce40 ,i waive consid]ation ( ?is la/ po9t1 b z reg>ds ! second x is notewor?y1 & be>s out :at ,i h said above1 t ,*ase 9 ?is connection goes almo/ entirely by passages f ,luke ) ! exception ( ,matt4 xxi4 #ah2 xxiv4 #ca f42 xxvi4 #ei ff42 & ,m>k viii4 #aj2 xiii4 #b2 x4 #be ff4 ,f ,luke he in/ances iii4 #bc-ch2 iv4 #ca2 v4 #aj f41 #ad f42 vi4 #db2 viii4 #ce2 xi4 #b2 xx4 #bj2 xxi4 #g2 xxiii4 #de ff42 xxiv4 #a4 ,i %\ld l1 h[ev]1 to call att5tion "h to "o passage to :i* ,*ase ref]s 9 ano!r connection--viz41 ! ext5sive int]polation aft] ,matt4 xx4 #bh 7,*ase1 pp4 #i-ad74 ,x is true1 z ,zahn expressly po9ts out1#bcb t nei!r ,ephraem nor ,aphraates1 :o 7 our only s\rces = ! ,diatess>on prior to #ahha1 8%[s any traces ( ?is long & 9 "p apocryphal int]polation1 nor yet ( ,luke xiv4 #g-aj1 f :i* ! mo/ ( x is tak540 ,b 9 ! ,arabic ,tatian1#bcc ,luke xiv4 #a-f & xiv4 #g-aa1 #ab-ae are f\nd aft] ,matt4 xx4 #a-af at ! end ( #bi & ! beg9n+ ( #cj respectively4 ,! v]se ,matt4 xx4 #bh1 reg>d+ :i* ,zahn 0 unc]ta9 :e!r x 0 9 ,tatian or n1 see+ t nei!r ,ephraem nor ,aphraates m5tions x1 is f\nd 9 #ca1 #e betwe5 ,m>k x4 #dd & ,luke xiii4 #bb1 :ile ,matt4 xx1 #bi;a 7 ,m>k x4 #df;a7 foll[s a little fur!r d[n 9 #ca1 #be4 ,s f>1 inde$1 ?is result is n fav\rable to our !ory4 ,b ,i ask myself 9 va9 h[ else ?is int]polation is to be expla9$ except z an attempt at h>monis+4 ,n[1 see+ t its text is f\nd 9 "o ,syriac1 two ,greek1 & half a doz5 ,lat9 witnesses 7! p>ticul>s are giv5 9 ! critical note1 p4 #bee71 ! fur!r "q arises1 ,:5ce comes x8 ,! mo/ ready answ] w be1 8x comes f ! ,greek1 :5ce x pass$ to ! ,lat9 on ! "o side & to ! ,syriac on ! o!r40 ,z = ! ,lat91 x is c]ta9 t ! majority1 p]haps ev5 all1 ( ! ,lat9 =ms are d]iv$ f ! ,greek4 ,b are ! ,syriac z well8 ,or is n r ! conv]se true1 h[ev] /range x may seem at ! fir/ glance1 t ! ,greek is a translation ( ! ,syriac8 ,!re is ! ^w 1 e4g41 :i* /rikes me z x did ,*ase1 z be+ p>ticul>ly /range4 ,i admit t ,i %\ld n c>e to build a hypo!sis ( ?is magnitude on ?is "o ^w & ?is "o passage alone4 ,i w\ld m]ely submit x g5]ally z a "q to be kept 9 view 9 fur!r inve/igations4 ,& ,i w\ld supplem5t x by ano!r "q :e!r1 9 ! case ( ! fir/ be+ negativ$1 x may n be true aft] all1 pace ,zahn1 t !re 0 a ,greek ,h>mony alongside ! ,syriac & probably go+ back to ! same au?or4 ,may n ! close resemblances traceable betwe5 ,tatian & ! ,we/]n text be also acc\nt$ = on ! supposition t in/ead ( ,tatian be+ influ5c$ by ! latt]1 x really goes back to ,tatian8 ,i w\ld ask ?is "q specially 9 reg>d to ! ,we/]n text ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les4 ,:at is meant by ! /atem5t ( ,eusebius cit$ above z to ,tatian's treatm5t ( ^! ,epi/les8 may c]ta9ly mean to translate1 b !n "o translates an entire text & n m]ely1 &1 moreov]1 "o does n translate 8) a view to improv+ ! phraseology & syntax40 ,d n our ,we/]n witnesses pres5t u ) a "w ( ?is description8 ,i am well aw>e t su* hypo!ses are l t reg>d+ ! au?or ( ! ,nibelung5li$ :]e !re 0 a great poem )\t a "n & "o or two great names )\t poems1 & s v>i\s comb9ations 7 made1 = ea* ( :i* some?+ c\ld be said1 :ile none ( !m c\ld be said to be prov$4 ,t may be ! case "h too4 ,b at pres5t ,i feel dispos$ to attribute a consid]able %>e 9 ?is peculi> 8,we/]n0 text to ,tatian4 ,sid5ote3 ,syro-,lat94 ,& z ?is "n 8,we/]n10 ! inappropriat5ess ( :i* has long be5 recognis$1 becomes on ?is supposition m inappropriate /ill1 ,i am incl9$ to recomm5d ! fre] adoption ( ! nom5clature famili>is$ by ! "w ( ,*ase1 ,i mean t ( 8,syro-,lat940 ,9 8 preface ,*ase puts 9 a plea = its use1 cit+ a s5t5ce f ! ,dubl9 ,review ( ,july #ahid1 p4 #eb1 9 :i* ,h4 ,lucas says3 8,! "t is1 we hope1 n f> di/ant1 :5 ! t]m ,we/]n w give place to ! t]m ,syro-,lat91 ! only "o :i* truly repres5ts1 9 our op9ion1 ! facts ( ! case40 ,j z :5 we wi% to indicate ^? languages & tribes t ext5d f ! ,indian to ! ,g]man & ,keltic we say ,indo-,g]manic1 or ,indo-,keltic1 if we wi% to be m exact & avoid w\nd+ ! s5sibilities ( ! ,fr5*1 s ! t]m ,syro-,lat9 w\ld be ! be/ designation = a =m ( text ^: *>act]i/ics are z di/9ctly traceable among ! ,syrians 9 ! ,ea/ z among ! ,greeks 9 ! c5tre & ! ,lat9s 9 ! ,we/4 ,b be t z x may1 "o ?+ is cle>1 t _m problems "h await solution4 ,b !y w n = ev] defy me?odical inve/igation4 ,! =ego+ 0 all writt5 be=e ,i saw ! analysis giv5 by ,zahn 9 8 ,ges*i*te des ,kanons1 i4 #chc ff4 ,read+ x1 ,i am surpris$ t 8 conclusions h n be5 foll[$ up by a ?or\gh inve/igation ( ! subject long ere n[4 ,p]sonally1 ,i am preclud$ at ?is mom5t f ev5 mak+ an attempt 9 ?is direction4 ,zahn says3 8,! quotations ( ,aphraates frequ5tly presuppose a diff]5t ,greek text 7( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les7 ?an t ly+ at ! f\ndation ( ! ,pe%itto4 ,! repeat$ resemblances to ,we/]n texts1 ,cl>omontanus1 ,bo]n]ianus 7,d ,g71 ,t]tullian1 & o!r ,lat9 witnesses are p>ticul>ly /rik+4 ,9 ! e>lie/ ,syriac ,gospel ! same ph5om5on appe>s ev5 m conspicu\sly4 ,h[ is x to be expla9$8 ,%all we suppose t ?is type ( text 0 disp]s$ equally ?r\gh\t all p>ts ( ! ,*ur* dur+ ! second c5tury8 ,9 t case we %\ld h to reg>d x z ! e>lie/ =m at :i* we c arrive1 on ! pr9ciple laid d[n by ,t]tullian3 quod apud multos unum inv5itur1 non e/ erratum s$ traditum4 ,b10 says ,zahn1 8ev5 ^? :o v5]ate ! ,we/]n tradition ( ! text--i4e4 ^? :o1 l myself1 are ( op9ion t x does n get ne>ly its due %>e ( att5tion f pres5t-day critics--w decl9e to ass5t to ?is proposition4 ,because ! result ( ?is view w\ld be to e/abli% ! rule t ! s-call$ ,we/]n tradition inv>iably des]ves ! pref]5ce ov] ^? o!rs1 ev5 ov] our olde/ ,greek manuscripts !mselves4 ,ev5 if we limit$ x to ^? elem5ts ( ! text 9 :i* ! fur!/ ,ea/ agrees ) ! fur!/ ,we/1 ! result w\ld /ill be a text to :i* no cauti\s critic w\ld p9 8 fai?4 ,a m natural explanation ( ?is /rik+ condition ( ?+s is requir$40 ,zahn f9ds ?is 9 ! supposition t !re 0 =m]ly a close intimacy betwe5 ! ,syrian ,*ur* & ,rome4 8,j z ! ,pr9ces ( ,edessa _h mu* direct int]c\rse ) ,rome1 s to all appe>ance _h ! ,*ur* !re40 ,9 pro( ( ?is1 he po9ts to ! e>ly intrusion ( ,m>cion's doctr9es & ,bible into ,mesopotamia1 to ! p>ticipation ( ! ,*ur* ( ,edessa 9 ! ,ea/] controv]sy & its agreem5t 9 t matt] ) ,victor ( ,rome1 & to ! ,abg> ,leg5d :i* connects ,edessa ) ,zephyr9us ( ,rome 7#aii-baf7 by way ( ,antio*1 & repres5ts ,pet] z s5d+ ! ,epi/les ( ,paul f ,rome to ,edessa4 8,consid]+ ! ana*ronisms t leg5ds usually exhibit1 may we n take ?is to be ! expression ( an hi/orical fact1 viz4 t a text writt5 9 ! ,we/ =m$ ! basis ( ! e>lie/ ,syriac v]sion ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les8 ,?is supposition is confirm$ by ! e>lie/ hi/ory ( ! ,gospel among ! ,syrians--viz4 by ! ,diatess>on40#bcd ,aft] a mo/ ?or\gh discussion ( all ! que/ions relat+ to t book 7pp4 #chg-dbb71 ,zahn discov]s 9 ?is "p also 7! ,gospels7 an intimate connection betwe5 ! text on :i* x is bas$1 & ! =m assum$ by ! text ( ! ,gospels 9 ! ,we/ dur+ ! second c5tury4 ,& he believes t x w be difficult to f9d a m feasible explanation ( ! rem>kable agreem5t evid5c$ by ^! two texts 9 ! v matt] ( _! textual corruption & lic5ce ?an ?is1 t ?is text came f ,rome to ,syria4 ,& s ! f9al "q arises1 8:e!r a connection does n exi/ betwe5 ! fir/ ,gospel & ! fir/ text ( ,paul & ! ,acts 9 ! ,syriac1 & :e!r ! entire ,n4 ,t41 z ! ,doctr9e ( ,addai says1 0 n a pres5t :i* ,tatian br\ght ) him f ,rome to 8 c\ntrym51 & adapt$ = _! use by means ( a free translation & revision80 ,zahn ?9ks t a positive answ] _c be giv51 b he ref]s po9t$ly to :at ,eusebius says reg>d+ ,tatian's treatm5t ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les1 & is l$ to suppose t ^? *anges 7 introduc$ on ! occasion & 9 ! =m ( a translation f ! ,greek into ,syriac1 & t ! reason :y ,eusebius _h su* hazy notions reg>d+ x z well z ! ,diatess>on1 is mo/ likely t bo? ! books 7 9 ,syriac1 & us$ only 9 ! ,syrian ,*ur*4 ,a clos] inve/igation ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les 9 ! ,syriac is ne$$ to decide ^! que/ions4 ,to ^! propositions ( ,zahn ,i h b ! "o objection /at$ above1 t ! expressions us$ by ,eusebius po9t f> too pla9ly to a revision ( ! phraseology ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les1 :i* c\ld h be5 done only on ! orig9al ,greek4#bce ,zahn himself po9ts out t ! words ( ,eusebius rem9d u ( :at is else:]e said ( ! ,!odotians 7,eccl4 ,hi/41 v4 #bh1 #ae4 #ah2 see above1 p4 #bjj74bcf ,sid5ote3 ,we/]n ,text4 7i7 ,! ,we/]n ,text4--,we ?us f9d ourselves face to face ) :at has be5 call$ ! only burn+ "q ( ! textual criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t--! "q1 namely1 ( ! place to be assign$ to ! s-call$ ,we/]n text4 ,our treatm5t ( ! ext]nal te/imony has l$ u back ?r\gh ,lucian1 ,pamphilus1 ,hesy*ius1 & ,orig51 to ,m>cion & ,tatian1 t is1 into ! middle ( ! second c5tury4 ,b ! "q is n[ :e!r we mu/ /op "h1 or :e!r x is n possible to asc5d ) c]ta9ty ev5 some:at high] by means ( an inve/igation ( ! mat]ial af=d$ by ! manuscripts !mselves4 ,! 8,high] ,criticism10 e4g41 seeks to get beh9d ! ,synoptic ,gospels to ! docum5ts :i* ! au?ors or editors us$ 9 _! composition2 is x n possible = ! 8,l[] ,criticism0 to recov] ) c]ta9ty at lea/ ! primitive text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t books8 ,& is t n mo/ readily f\nd 9 ! s-call$ ,we/]n text8 ,we h be5 oblig$ to make frequ5t ref]5ce to x already2 ! "q = u n[ is1 8,:at is ! value ( ,codex ,bezae & its associates80 ,x 0 obs]v$ by ,!odore ,beza himself1 ! s*ol> ^: "n ! ,codex ju/ly be>s1 t ! text ( ?is manuscript diff]$ 9 s _m respects f t ( o!rs1 especially 9 ,luke & ,acts1 t he c\ld give no explanation ( x satisfactory to himself4 ,he 0 n l$ to suppose t ! alt]ations 7 due to h]etics2 nev]!less1 l a cauti\s man1 he ?\ght x m advisable to pres]ve ! ,codex ?an to publi% x4 ,eight hundr$ ye>s be=e1 ,b$e 0 simil>ly impress$ by ! ,codex :i* we n[ "k by ! "n ( ,laudianus1 ,e#b4 ,he indicat$ 8qua$am quae 9 ,graeco sive alit] seu plus aut m9us posita vidimus40 ,he 0 unc]ta9 8utrum neglig5tia int]pretis omissa vel alit] dicta1 an incuria libr>iorum s9t depravata sive relicta 444 namque graecum exempl> fuisse falsatum suspic>i non audeo40 ,:5 ! manuscripts began to be m sy/ematically collat$1 ,b5gel decl>$ t ! criticism ( ! text w\ld be mu* simplifi$ if "o 7 n b\nd to tr\ble himself ) ^! codices1 :i*1 z be+ writt5 9 ,greek & ,lat91 he call$ v]e bil+ues4 ,old /ud5ts ( ! ,maulbronn ,college h told me t ,ephorus ,bumle9 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ philologi/ ( our ,in/itute 9 ?is c5tury1 & editor ( ,disquisitions on ! ,greek ,p>ticles & simil> works1 0 always ref]r+ to ! ,codex ,cantabrigi5sis1 ?\gh !y !mselves nev] rightly und]/ood ab\t ?is ,codex1 or inde$ ab\t su* ?+s at all4 ,i d n "k :o x 0 f :om ,i myself fir/ he>d ( x2 c]ta9ly !re 0 no p>ticul> importance attribut$ to x 9 my /ud5t days or at ! college :]e ,i 04 ,on ! o!r h&1 ,tis*5dorf admitt$ its claims 9 opposition to all ! o!r ,greek manuscripts 9 sev]al passages1 su* z ,m>k ii4 #bb2 xi4 #f2 ,luke xxiv4 #eb1 #ec1 etc4 ,9 o!r places he did s at fir/1 b *ang$ 8 op9ion aft]w>ds--e4g41 9 ,acts xi4 #ab1 :ile 9 o!rs aga91 l ,acts xiii4 #de1 he 0 incl9$ to accept its te/imony1 ass]t+ expressly3 ,cet]um ,d quantop]e passim int] omnes te/es excellat con/at4 ,"o ( ! ?+s = :i* ,we/cott & ,hort des]ve cr$it is ! att5tion !y h direct$ to ,codex ,bezae & its associates4 ,"s ( _! rem>ks ^u x w be f\nd 9 ! note bel[4#bcg ,sid5ote3 ,lag>de4 ,t pe]less s*ol>1 ,p4 de ,lag>de1 has ev5 great] claims to hon\rable m5tion 9 ?is connection1 ?\gh b little reg>d 0 paid to 8 repres5tations dur+ 8 lifetime4 ,z e>ly z #aheg1 he said ( ,codex ,cantabrigi5sis3 facile patet1 quum similibus libris c>eamus et ultra ,evangelia et ,actus nondum cogitem1 totius editionis meae quasi fundam5tum futurum esse hunc codicem ,cantabrigi5sem1 s$ eum eis libr>ii vitiis purgatum quae vitia esse agnita fu]9t 7,gesam4 ,abh41 p4 #ih74 ,8 *ief m]it1 h[ev]1 lies n 9 8 hav+ e/imat$ ,cantabrigi5sis s highly1 b 9 hav+ assign$ a l[] value to ! o!r manuscripts4 ,by comp>+ ,d ) ! e>li] v]sions1 & p>ticul>ly by rely+ on ! te/imony ( ,epiphanius1 he recognis$ 9 x a repres5tative ( an 8editio em5datorum or?odoxorum tem]itate corrupta0 7ibid41 p4 #if74 ,comp>e also 8 b]si*t b] die ,bildung d] ,nom9a1 p4 #bac1 :]e he in/ances ( ! 8em5dati0 = ( ,d4#bch ,sid5ote3 ,blass4 ,g5]al att5tion 0 fir/ direct$ to ! "q ( ! ,we/]n text1 :5 ,blass came =w>d ) 8 view t x 0 q wrong to pres5t ! problem 9 ! %ape ( an alt]native betwe5 ,d & ,a ,b1 because bo? gr\ps 7 "r1 ,d & its associates repres5t+ a fir/ edition ( ! ,acts & a second ( ,luke1 & ! o!r gr\p conv]sely4 ,i hail$ ?is solution ( ! difficulty at once z a v]itable ,columbus ,egg1 & to ?is day ,i am firmly p]suad$ t ,blass's !ory is ne>] ! m>k ?an ! previ\s e/imate ( ! ,we/]n text4 ,sid5ote3 ,zahn4 ,read]s may1 p]haps1 be /ruck by ! fact1 :i* ,zahn has s9ce made public 7,e9l41 ii4 #cdh71 t 9 8 practical class at ,erlang51 9 ! w9t] ( #ahhe-f1 he set z ! subject ( ! prize essay an 8,inve/igation ( ! mat]ially important peculi>ities ( ,codex ,d 9 ! ,acts10 & made a note at ! "t ( ! result :i* he hop$ to see ! inve/igation arrive at--viz41 8ei!r ! au?or's fir/ draft be=e publication or 8 h& copy ) 8 own m>g9al notes ins]t$ aft]w>ds40 ,zahn himself got no fur!r1 b he 0 n surpris$ :5 ,blass came =w>d ) 8 cle>ly-def9$ & ?or\ghly-elaborat$ hypo!sis4 ,9 "o po9t1 c]ta9ly1 ,zahn does n agree ) ,blass1 & t is 9 ! application ( ! hypo!sis to ,luke4 ,he holds t ! text :i* ,blass re/or$ z ! ,roman =m or second edition ( ,luke is ess5tially no?+ b a bold attempt to re/ore :at is call$ ! ,we/]n text2 t ! "q to :i* su* diff]5t answ]s h be5 made z to ! value ( ?is type ( text--= x is n to be spok5 ( z a rec5sion 9 ! prop] s5se ( t t]m--is by no means conf9$ to ! ,?ird ,gospel1 b t\*es ! o!rs z well & ! ,paul9e ,epi/les also2 t ! reason :y ! div]g5ce ( ! ,we/]n text f t exhibit$ 9 ! olde/ manuscripts & ! great majority ( ,greek witnesses is m conspicu\s 9 ,luke1 is simply t we h ! additional te/imony ( ,m>cion = t ,gospel1 b ! "q is ess5tially ! same 9 all ! cases2 t :]eas 9 ,acts we h two p>allel texts bo? possess+ equal au?ority1 9 ,luke ! case is diff]5t1 :]e 9 det]m9+ :at ! evangeli/ actually wrote1 we h to *oose "o or ! o!r ( two mutually exclusive propositions2 t ?is v]dict on ! text ( ,luke1 h[ev]1 9 no way invalidates ! conclusion come to z reg>ds ! text ( ! ,acts4 ,b fur!r1 ,zahn1 :o ev5 be=e ?is _h av[$ himself an 8admir] ( ! ,we/]n text10 /&s up det]m9$ly = ! view t ?is same ,we/]n text1 :i* ,i %all1 l ,zahn & ,blass1 indicate h5ce=w>d z 1 conta9s mu* t is orig9al4 ,he says t j z we mu/ bew>e ( a sup]/iti\s idolatry ( :at are /yl$ ! be/ manuscripts1#bci :i* goes h& 9 h& ) a disp>agem5t ( mu* old] tradition 7,m>cion1 ,ir5u71 s we h equally to be on our gu>d aga9/ a morbid pref]5ce = e int]e/+ & fanciful excresc5ce ( ! riot\s tradition ( ! second & ?ird c5turies4 ,su* a pref]5ce w\ld logically imply t ! s*ol>s :o took 9 h& to revise ! text ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! f\r? c5tury simply corrupt$ x1 some:at aft] ! fa%ion ( ^? :o set !mselves to 8improve0 our ,*ur* hymns 9 ! age ( ,rationalism4 ,m ?an tw5ty ye>s ago1 :5 ,i 0 a ,tutor at ,tb+51 ,i _h ! impression to :i* ,i frequ5tly en\gh gave utt]ance 9 debate ) my colleagues1 t mod]n textual criticism is go+ altoge!r on ! wrong tack4 ,! textual /udy ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 0 out ( my prov9ce at t "t1 & is really s /ill1 7 x n t1 z ,augu/9e says1 x is necess>y = ev]yone :o devotes himself to ! holy ,scriptures to take up su* /udies4 ,nor am ,i incl9$ ?us f> to fall f\l ( ! sy/em to :i* ,we/cott & ,hort devot$ ! lab\rs ( a lifetime1 & 9 ! build+ up ( :i* !y _h at _! comm& su* an app>atus z is f> beyond ! rea* ( a ,g]man1 especially ( "o :o is n atta*$ to any ,univ]sity4 ,& z = ! results ( ,zahn's rese>*es1 ,i pref] to look ^u myself "h z a m]e le>n] & admir]4 ,9 ! pres5ce ( su* d\ghty w>riors ,i feel l a spectator ^u ! battlefield ( ,new ,te/am5t textual criticism1 & ,i w\ld beg t :at foll[s1 z well z :at has be5 already said1 be reg>d$ z b sugge/ions1 ! acceptance or rejection ( :i* by o!rs may p]*ance s]ve to br+ a y\ng] g5]ation ne>] to ! goal4 ,9 ?is _s ,i h 9 my ,philologica ,sacra 7#a-ae? ,m>* #ahif7 tak5 z a />t+-po9t ! read+ 9 ,luke xxii4 #eb1 1 :i* is n m5tion$ at all by ,tis*5dorf1 & h s\ght by means ( "o or two analog\s cases to %[ 8h[ frequ5tly ,d pres]ves ! correct read+40 ,i h in/anc$ 1 ,luke xviii4 #cj2 1 xxiv4 #cg2 1 ,m>k i4 #f 2 1 i4 #aj1 :i* might1 h[ev]1 be ins]t$ f ,matt4 iii4 #af1 ,luke iii4 #ba 2 1 ,m>k i4 #dj2 1 ,matt4 xxvi4 #gc4 ,9 ! fir/ sket* ( ?is ,introduction1 writt5 9 ! ye> #ahie1 ,i ref]r$ to ! addition f\nd 9 ,matt4 xxvii4 #di1 :i* is manife/ly tak5 f ,john xix4 #cd1 & is read by _m au?orities1 among ^! be+ ,b ,c4#bdj ,i said !n3 8,only two possibilities are conceivable4 ,ei!r ! passage /ood "h orig9ally1 & 0 remov$ at an e>ly date on acc\nt ( its v>iance ) ,john xix4 #cd1 or x is an int]polation4 ,9 ! latt] case1 x mu/ h be5 ins]t$ at a v e>ly date1 & all ! witnesses conta9+ x1 :i* else:]e are s frequ5tly & s widely div]g5t1 mu/ !n g back to "o & ! same exempl>4 ,because ! ?ird possibility--viz4 t ! same s5t5ce 0 ins]t$ 9 diff]5t copies 9 ! same place q indep5d5tly ( ea* o!r1 no "o w consid] to be at all likely4 ,b if ! second supposition is to be held z correct1 !n we see j :at am\nt ( importance is to be atta*$ to ! concurr5ce ( our olde/ witnesses1 p>ticul>ly our *ief manuscripts ,b ,c ,l4 ,!y are n /reams fl[+ indep5d5tly f ! same f\nta9 ( ,p>adise3 !y fl[$ toge!r = a good "p ( _! c\rse1 & 7 consid]ably pollut$ be=e !y p>t$ company40 ,sid5ote3 ,salmon4 ,two ye>s lat]1 :5 ! fir/ edition 0 issu$1 ,i add$3 8,?is too mu/ n[ be ass]t$ ) f> great] emphasis1 t ! concurr5ce ( ,b 1 on :i* s mu* /ress has be5 laid hi!rto by almo/ all textual critics1 proves no?+ at all4 ,9 ,sira* ! common ar*etype ( ,b 0 y\ng] ?an ! orig9 ( ! ,lat9 v]sion1 manife/ly a good deal y\ng]1 because x already conta9$ errors t _h n yet made _! appe>ance 9 our o!r manuscripts 7or 9 _! s\rces74 ,salmon 7p4 #eb7 is ( op9ion t ! text :i* ,we/cott & ,hort h re/or$ is "o t 0 mo/ 9 fav\r 9 ,alex&ria 9 ! ?ird c5tury1 & t came !re1 p]haps1 9 ! c5tury previ\s4 ,?is is n f> f ,b\sset's view t ,b p]haps conta9s ! rec5sion ( ,hesy*ius4 ,salmon calls ! results ( ,we/cott & ,hort #8an elaborate lock+ ( ! /able door aft] ! horse has be5 /ol54' ,burgon's p>adox1 t ! reason :y ,b & h surviv$ is t !y 7 ! wor/1 seem$ to ,salmon at fir/ to be a joke1 b he n[ ?9ks x n improbable t !y 7 set aside on acc\nt ( _! div]g5ce f ! =m ( text t acquir$ asc5dancy at a lat] "t4 ,if t be s1 !n !y met ! same fate t !y !mselves prep>$ = ! primitive =m !y supplant$2 & j z !y1 ) ! help ( ,tis*5dorf & ,we/cott & ,hort1 dislodg$ ! ,textus ,receptus ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies f ! h&s ( !ologians1 & made !mselves ! ,textus ,receptus ( ! end ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 s p]*ance w ,codex ,d1 :i* ! build]s despis$1 become ! f\ndation-/one ( a new /ructure4 ,9 ,urtext1 p4 #ed1 ,osc> v4 ,gebh>dt alludes to ! objections rais$ p>tly aga9/ ! entire me?od ( ,we/cott & ,hort1 p>tly aga9/ _! p>ticul> e/imate ( ,codex ,vaticanus1 & p>tly also aga9/ ! position !y h assign$ to :at !y call ! ,we/]n text1 & he too says3 #8,if ^! objections are valid1 !n ! sure f\ndation :i* !y seem$ at la/ to h secur$ = ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t beg9s once m to tott]4'0 ,s9ce ?is 0 writt51 my impressions h be5 greatly confirm$1 p>ticul>ly by ,zahn's ,e9leitung2 only ,i mu/ admit t ,i am n[ less 9 a position ?an ev] to make any def9ite proposals z to ! way 9 :i* ! goal ( ! textual criticism ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is to be rea*$4 ,to foll[ "o witness or "o gr\p ( witnesses ?r\gh ?ick & ?91 :i* w\ld really be ! only consi/5t c\rse1 w seem+ly n d4#bda ,& ! 8eclectic me?od0 to :i* ,b\sset 0 l$ 9 8 "w on ! ,apocalypse z ! only possible "o1 is surely ! opposite ( ! g5ealogical1 :i* we mu/ ackn[l$ge to be 9 !ory ! only correct me?od4 ,b fir/ ( all1 a fre% application ( x w\ld require to be made4 ,& z ! task is too great = any s+le work]1 might x n be well if1 9 ! exegetical classes ( our ,!ological ,faculties1 ! sep>ate witnesses 7 ei!r exam9$ anew1 or1 conv]sely1 select$ passages ( ! text1 q small passages--a s+le *apt]1 or a s+le epi/le l #b or #c ,john or ,philemon--7 giv5 out to diff]5t /ud5ts to exam9e ?or\ghly all ! witnesses = ea* passage1 & ! results !n comp>$ ) "o ano!r8 ,fur!rmore1 ! critical app>atus w\ld require at once to be light5$ ( all ^? manuscripts :i* are unmi/akably recognis$ to be ! repres5tatives ( a def9ite rec5sion1 & ! ,lucianic rec5sion pr9t$ sep>ately ) or )\t an app>atus1 j z 0 done by ,lag>de himself = half ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,f9ally1 ! ,we/]n text w\ld require to be mu* m ?or\ghly exam9$ ?an has hi!rto be5 ! case4 ,x is true t ,weiss has giv5 a special "p ( ,texte und ,unt]su*ung5 to an exam9ation ( ,codex ,d 9 ,acts1 b )\t prejudice "o may be q sure t a solution ( ! problem is n to be f\nd 9 ! way 9 :i* ,weiss seeks x4 ,no d\bt he e/abli%es among o!r ?+s ! fact1 t 9 ! ,spee*es ( ,pet] displays almo/ no v>iation1 b !n he makes no attempt to expla9 ?is fact or make any use ( x4 ,x is an indication ( consid]able progress to f9d ,zahn go+ s c>efully into matt]s ( ! text 9 an ,introduction to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & 8 appreciation ( ! ,we/]n text is mo/ gratify+4 ,sid5ote3 ,luke & ,acts 9 ,d4 ,at ! same "t ! read] w naturally ask :e!r ,zahn's v]dict on ! text 9 ,luke is n fatal to 8 own conclusions ) reg>d to ,acts4 ,is x n true 9 ?is connection t 8he :o says ,a mu/ also say ,b08 ,if y admit t !re 7 two editions ( ,acts1 y mu/ make ! same admission 9 ! case ( ,luke4 ,& conv]sely1 if !re 0 no second edition ( ! ,gospel1 mu/ y n !n look = "s o!r explanation ( ! v>iations 9 ,acts8 ,= x seems q c]ta9 t ! v>iants 9 ,luke xxiv4 are mo/ closely relat$ to ! text ( ,acts i4 ,or h[ else are ! read+s 9 ,luke xxiv4 #ea-ec to be expla9$8 ,we/cott & ,hort h "o way ( expla9+ !m4 ,!y say t 80 evid5tly ins]t$ f an assumption t a sep>ation f ! disciples at ! close ( a ,gospel mu/ be ! ,asc5sion4 ,! ,asc5sion app>5tly did n lie )9 ! prop] scope ( ! ,gospels1 z se5 9 _! g5u9e texts2 its true place 0 at ! head ( ! ,acts ( ! ,apo/les z ! prep>ation = ! ,day ( ,p5teco/1 & ?us ! beg9n+ ( ! hi/ory ( ! ,*ur*40 ,t is all v well1 & x may also be ! case t 9 v4 #eb is ! natural result ( ! ins]tion ( 4 ,b h[ !n are we to acc\nt = ! int]*ange ( & 9 ! next v]se1 :i* is f\nd 9 precisely ! same gr\ps ( witnesses8#bdb ,if ?is explanation !n is insuffici5t on acc\nt ( v]se #ec1 x may be confid5tly ass]t$ t ! omission ( ! ,asc5sion & ! ,wor%ip ( ! ,exalt$ ,"l by any lat] scribe is all b inconceivable f ! mom5t t ,luke 0 sep>at$ f ,acts & plac$ among ! ,gospels4 ,if su* a ?+ 7 possible at all1 x w\ld be 9 ! case ( 1 z !re is no express m5tion 9 ,acts i4 ( ! disciples wor%ipp+4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! omission becomes q conceivable z soon z ! au?or add$ a to ! 4 ,s f> ^! v>iants appe> to me to fit 9 v well ) ,blass's !ory & ) no o!r4 ,zahn1 z f> z ,i c see1 has n[h]e express$ any op9ion reg>d+ !m1 c]ta9ly he says no?+ ( ! v>iation betwe5 & 1 :i* is ! "o ( mo/ importance critically1 ?\gh x is ( lea/ consequ5ce mat]ially4 ,graefe1 foll[+ on ! l9es ( ,birt & ,regg1 supposes t ! %ort] =m 0 due to want ( space1 t ,luke 0 glad to get ! %ort] =m all into 8 roll at ! foot ! fir/ "t he wrote x out1 & s5t (f ! book to ,!ophilus 9 t =m1 hop+ to deal ) ! ,asc5sion 9 ! second ( 8 books4 ,9 ! second edition he _h suffici5t space to admit ( ! ins]tion ( 1 !n ( 1 & f9ally ( 4#bdc ,^! additions he made1 feel+1 rightly en\gh1 t !re c\ld be no m fitt+ conclusion to 8 ,life ( ,jesus ?an a brief allusion to ! ,asc5sion1 :i* he _h already describ$ m p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,acts4 ,at ! same "t he sub/itut$ = 4 ,graefe ?9ks t all ^! *anges are connect$ ) ! alt]ations made also 9 ! introduction to ! ,acts1 ?\gh he omits to say :at ! connection is4 ,weiss1 fa!r & son1 omit ! words z 8a gloss d]iv$ f ,acts i410 & 8likewise0 ! words 9 v]se #eb 7is ?is also a gloss f ,acts i4874 ,:i* text !y hold to be correct 9 v]se #ec !y d n say4#bdd #bde is ! specifically ,lucan ^w = 8to praise10 :ile 9 ?is s5se does n occur 9 ,acts at all1 & only 9 ! fir/ two *apt]s ( ,luke4 ,fur!r1 z any concordance w %[1 is ! regul> equival5t ( & ( 1 :ile is r>ely us$ = or = 4 ,?is confirms ! supposition t 1 :i* is pref]r$ by ,tis*5dorf b reject$ by ,we/cott & ,hort1 is ! orig9al read+4 ,9 ord] to %[ ! full ext5t ( ! difficulty ( ! problem1 we %all take along ) ?is passage f ! end ( ! ,gospel a s+le in/ance f ! ,acts4 ,h[ does ! ,apo/olic ,decree read 9 *4 xv48 8,to judge any matt] be=e kn[+ ! facts ( ! case is inadmissible40 ,s ,hilg5feld says 9 8 magaz9e1 add+ t ! matt] ( ! ,apo/olic ,c\ncil1 z x is call$1 & ! ,decree h be5 s judg$4 ,he himself re/ores ! :ole text 9 ?is passage to ! =m t ,blass has adopt$ z ! ,=ma ,romana--i4e41 to conf9e ourselves to ?is po9t ( ma9 importance1 he omits 8?+s /rangl$40#bdf ,on ! o!r h&1 ,h>nack1 9 ! article to :i* ref]5ce w be made bel[1 comes to ! conclusion t ! ,ea/]n1 i4e4 ! common1 text is ! orig9al1 & ! ,we/]n a lat] correction made subsequ5t to ! ,dida*e1 & n e>li] ?an ! fir/ decade ( ! second c5tury4#bdg ,! same conclusion is rea*$ by ,zahn 9 8 extremely c>eful discussion ( ! "q 7,e9l41 ii4 #cdd ff473 8,! two texts are "h mutually exclusive1 & !re=e _c bo? be d]iv$ f ! same au?or 7xv4 #bj1 #bi1 xxi4 #be740 ,b he imm$iately adds3 8,! fact t ,blass1 9 ?is important po9t1 z 9 _m ano!r ( less consequ5ce1 decl>es a c]ta9 ?+ to be an orig9al elem5t ( ! text :i* turns out to be simply an e>ly corruption 9 no wise detracts f ! correctness ( 8 hypo!sis40 ,t is q true & mu/ be borne 9 m9d 9 connection ) ! objection rais$ by ,w5dt1 t 8manife/ cl]ical errors are f\nd 9 ! actual text40 ,! passages are also us$ by ,corss5 z an argum5t aga9/ ,blass4 ,! rem>ks ( ! latt] 9 reply to ! /rictures ( ,corss5 7,evang4 sec4 ,lucam1 p4 xxvi7 seem to me to be n )\t reason1 b 9 any case x is /range t alt]ations %\ld h be5 made 9 an (ficial docum5t l ! ,decree 9 ,acts xv41 no matt] :e!r ^! 7 due to ! writ] himself or a lat] int]m$i>y4 ,t !re 0 "s me?od 9 ! alt]ation is %[n by its recurr5ce 9 ?ree places4 ,b aga9 ,i mu/ emphasise ! sup]iority ( ,codex ,d4 ,:]eas 9 *4 xv4 #bj1 #bi ! %ort] text is repres5t$ by o!r witnesses z well1 9 *4 xxi4 #be x is support$ by ,d ) ! sole addition ( ,gigas ,holmi5sis4#bdh ,i h n to decide ! "q "h2 ,i simply comm5d x to a se>*+ inve/igation1 9 :i* att5tion mu/ be paid to ! app>5tly mean+less diff]5ces 9 ! use ( p>ticles & synonyms1 ( simple & comp\nd words1 & su*-l seem+ m9uti4 ,i c only repeat h[ frequ5tly ! ?\ght occurr$ to me :5 ,i 0 comp>+ ,scriv5]'s edition ) t ( v4 ,gebh>dt = my ,supplem5t1 t "h 0 no alt]ation ( a lat] scribe1 & :at !n8 ,! simple/ explanation 0 t bo? read+s 7 due to ! au?or himself1 :o on ! "o occasion purposely set d[n ! "o read+ & on ! o!r ! o!r4 ,!re is ano!r "q 9 connection ) ! ,we/]n text :i* has be5 ev5 m neglect$ ?an ! =m]--viz4 ! am\nt ( importance to be atta*$ to x 9 ! case ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les4 ,:at ab\t ,eusebius's ref]5ce to ,tatian's "w on ^! ,epi/les8 ,i frankly confess t n till ! pr9t+ ( ?is "w 0 begun did ,i become aw>e1 ma9ly f ,zahn's ,e9leitung1 h[ _m problems are "h wait+ to be solv$1 & = ?is reason z well z o!rs ,i mu/ = ! pres5t =be> mak+ any attempt 9 ?is direction4 ,"h ,i c only indicate a few ( ! mo/ g5]al rules ( textual criticism1 & !reaft] adduce a numb] ( ,new ,te/am5t passages :i* are ( int]e/ f a critical po9t ( view4 ,sid5ote3 ,rules ( criticism4 7k7 ,g5]al ,rules ( ,textual ,criticism4--,9 its ess5ce ! task ( ! textual critic resembles t ( ! physician1 :o mu/ fir/ ( all make a correct diagnosis ( ! disease be=e attempt+ its cure4 ,manife/ly ! fir/ ?+ to d is to obs]ve ! injuries & ! dang]s to :i* a text transmitt$ by h&writ+ is liable to be expos$4 ,a correct treatm5t mu/ be prec$$ by a correct diagnosis4 ,! injuries :i* a text receives w v>y accord+ z x is multipli$ by ,dictation or by ,copy+4 ,! fifty ,bibles :i* ,eusebius prep>$ at once = ,con/ant9e w\ld be writt5 to dictation4 ,9 ! e>ly times ( ! ,*ur*1 copy+1 z has be5 already m5tion$1 w\ld d\btless be ! m usual me?od ( multiplication4 ,"h1 h[ev]1 we mu/ make a s+le exception 9 ! case ( ,paul1 :o = ! mo/ "p did n write 8 ,epi/les ) 8 own h&4 ,he evid5tly dictat$ !m4 ,he c]ta9ly did n h !m simply writt5 out f 8 own r\gh draft4 ,sid5ote3 ,illegibility4 7#a7 ,9 ! case ( copy+1 errors orig9ate fir/ ( all1 ?\gh n mo/ frequ5tly1 9 a ^w or gr\p ( lett]s be+ illegible1 or 9 _! be+ read = "s psy*ological reason o!rwise ?an z !y 7 int5d$4 ,h[ev] att5tive ! copyi/ may be1 he may /ill be 9 d\bt z to ! way 9 :i* a ^w or passage %\ld be read1 & may decide wrongly4 ,prop] names1 e4g41 are (t5 v d\btful4#bdi ,m frequ5tly h[ev] ! mi/ake w be due to inatt5tion4 ,! context may lead ! copyi/ to expect a c]ta9 ^w2 he sees "o l x1 & ins]ts ! =m] 9 its place4 ,sid5ote3 ,homoioteleuton4 7#b7 ,x frequ5tly happ5s1 p>ticul>ly 9 copy+ ! old scriptio cont9ua1 t ! eye ( ! scribe jumps f "o ^w or gr\p ( lett]s to ano!r ! same or simil> to x1 ei!r be=e or aft] x4 ,9 ! =m] case ! int]v5+ words w be repeat$1 9 ! latt] !y w be omitt$4 ,s*ol>s designate ^! errors z dittography & elision respectively2 pr9t]s "k !m "u ! "n ( a m>riage & a fun]al4 ,! =m] mi/ake is n s s]i\s1 because x is at once detect$ on read+ ov] ! copy4 ,a peep into any manuscript w %[ h[ frequ5tly ?is error occurs1 ! repeat$ words be+ enclos$ 9 brackets or surm\nt$ ) dots4#bej ,9 ,codex ,b su* passages give u an opportunity ( obs]v+ ! beauty ( ! orig9al writ+1 because ! pa9/ak+ man :o retrac$ ! old writ+ ) fre% ink 9 ! eigh?1 or t5?1 or elev5? c5tury1 or :5ev] x 01 add+ at ! same "t acc5ts & punctuation m>ks1 left ^! unt\*$4 ,?is k9d ( mi/ake v (t5 happ5s 9 passages :]e a gr\p ( *>act]s cat*es ! eye = any reason1 su* z ! occurr5ce ( ! abbreviation m>k1 1 1 1 etc41 & at ! transition to a new page or leaf4 ,! omission ( a piece ( ! text ( v>i\s l5g? by homoioteleuton is z common1 & is m s]i\s4#bea ,any critical app>atus w %[ ! frequ5cy ( its occurr5ce4 ,we (t5 f9d !re ! note 8a voce alt]utra 444 ad alt]utram desunt0 or 8a voce #ao ad vocem #bo 7#co7 transilit10 or 8vox 444 alt]utra et int]m$ia desunt40 ,comp>e1 e4g41 ,codex ,d1 ,matt4 xviii4 #ah f to 2 x4 #bc2 xxiii4 #ad-af4 ,! result is wor/ :5 ! mi/ake is n discov]$ till aft]w>ds & ! two fragm5ts are pat*$ toge!r 9 "s way ) m or less success4 ,lacun t h n be5 doctor$ are v helpful 9 det]m9+ ! relation%ip betwe5 diff]5t texts4#beb ,sid5ote3 ,confusion4 7#c7 ,z errors ( ! tongue & ! memory#bec r ?an ( ! eye may be reckon$ ! ,transposition & ,confusion ( p>ticul> comb9ations ( lett]s or entire words4 ,! =m] occurs s frequ5tly 9 connection ) a liquid1 t 9 "s cases x ceases to be a mi/ake4 ,?us we h on ! "o h& ! confusion ( ) 1 ) ,c>?ago1 & on ! o!r1 ) 1 ) 1 ,john i4 #bh2 ) 1 ) 1 1 tal5t1 ,matt4 xxv4 #ad-cj1 ) 1 cities1 ,luke xix4 #ag1 #ai4 ,ak9 to ?is is ! confusion ( v[els ) a simil> s\nd1 to :i* are to be ascrib$ all cases ( itacism1 z x is call$-- & 1 -- & --1 & 1 & 1 #b ,cor4 xii4 #a2 & 1 & 1 ,rom4 v4 #a2 & 4 ,manife/ly mi/akes ( ?is sort w\ld occur m readily 9 dictation ?an 9 copy+4 ,a ?ird class ( errors ( a m consci\s or semi-consci\s description is due to ! sub/itution ( words or =ms ( simil> mean+4 ,?us1 = we may h or or 1 or ! simple =m may be replac$ by ! comp\nd or vice v]sa1 or "o preposition may be sub/itut$ = ano!r4#bed ,sep>ate words are v frequ5tly transpos$ )\t s]i\sly affect+ ! s5se4 ,?us1 9 ,acts iv4 #ab1 we f9d ne>ly all ! possible p]mutations ( ! ?ree words actually repres5t$--viz41 9 addition to ?is 7#b7 2 7#c7 2 7#d7 2 7#e7 4#bee ,on ,luke xvii4 #aj1 ,m]x says 7,die vi] kanonis*5 ,evangeli51 p4 #bdf73 8,let x be obs]v$ t ! position ( fluctuates betwe5 7#a7 2 7#b7 ,d1 & 7#c7 4 ,su* fluctuations are due to ! diff]5t arrangem5t ( a ^w t did n orig9ally belong to ! text1 b 0 app5d$ z a note & aft]w>ds incorporat$ ) ! text4 ,su* fluctuations po9t to ! int]polation ( ! fluctuat+ ^w40 ,?is judgm5t has to be accept$ ) caution4 ,= "o ?+1 x is n at all cle> :i* ^w x is t fluctuates4 ,9 ?is p>ticul> case1 "o might say t fluctuates z mu* z 1 & ! copula /ill m4 ,moreov] su* an int]polation becomes at once an integral "p ( ! text1 & its ins]tion is no long] visible4 ,only if sev]al copies 7 made ( t exempl> 9 :i* ! int]polation 0 fir/ introduc$ c\ld fluctuation ( ?is sort orig9ate4 ,su* transpositions are mu* m frequ5tly ( a h>mless ord]1 z ea* "o may p]ceive = himself4 ,! writ]'s ?\ghts fly fa/] ?an 8 p5 & anticipate a ^w t %\ld n come 9 till lat]4 ,"o ( ! mo/ frequ5t cases ( transposition is t ( & 9 ! ,paul9e ,epi/les4 ,sid5ote3 ,additions4 7#d7 ,ak9 to ?is la/ is a class ( mi/akes orig9at+ 9 ! bord] region betwe5 ! unconsci\s & ! consci\s or int5tional--viz4 t ( ,additions4 ,"o c readily und]/& h[ easy x 0 to ins]t a or 1 a aft] on ! lips ( ,jesus1 ! subject at ! beg9n+ ( a s5t5ce1 especially ( ! fir/ s5t5ce ( a p]icope1 or ! object 9 ! =m ( a pron\n4 ,b5gel propos$ to omit ! "n ( ,jesus 9 "s tw5ty-five places1 = :i* he 0 ridicul$ by ,wett/e91 z may be le>n$ f my "w on ,b5gel1 p4 #gd4 ,n[1 ev]yone admits t ,b5gel 0 "r4 ,"u ! head ( 8,int]polationes breviores10 ,wordswor? & ,:ite fir/ give examples 8de nom9e ,jesus10 !n ( 8,*ri/us1 ,dom9us1 ,deus10 & !n ( 8,pronom9a40 ,x is evid5t t 9 ?is way ! wrong ^w may be suppli$ n[ & aga94 ,p]haps "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ cases is ,luke i4 #df4 ,all our pres5t ,greek witnesses make ,m>y ! compos] ( ! ,magnificat1 b ,elisabe?'s "n is atta*$ to x 9 ?ree ,old ,lat9 manuscripts1 9 ! ,lat9 v]sion ( ,ir5u1 accord+ to ! be/ manuscripts1 & 9 "s manuscripts kn[n to ,orig5 7or to 8 translator1 ,j]ome3 ! passage1 un=tunately1 is f\nd z yet only 9 ! ,lat974#bef ,sid5ote3 ,corrections4 7#e7 ,to ! category ( consci\s alt]ations belong fir/ ( all grammatical corrections1 !n assimilations to p>allel passages1 liturgical *anges introduc$ f ! ,evangeli>ia1 z1 e4g41 ! addition at ! close ( a p]icope ( ! words :i* occurs 9 all sorts ( manuscripts 9 ! mo/ div]se passages1 or indications ( "t1 su* z at ! beg9n+ ( a p]icope1#beg & la/ly1 alt]ations made = dogmatic reasons1 if any su* c be e/abli%$4 ,x is impossible to d5y t dogmatic conceptions _h "s influ5ce on ! propagation ( c]ta9 read+s if n on _! orig9--z1 e4g41 on ! =m assum$ by ! words 9 ,matt4 xix4 #ag1 1 or on ! omission ( ! words 9 ,m>k xiii4 #bb2 comp>e also above1 p4 #ajf4 ,on ! :ole1 h[ev]1 !re is no real gr\nd = ! scepticism t 0 = a "t ent]ta9$ ) respect to our texts 9 ?is connection4 ,a sob] criticism w be able 9 mo/ cases to re/ore ! correct =m4 ,its conditions w be app>5t f :at has be5 said 9 ! =ego+4 ,sid5ote3 ,canons ( ,criticism4 ,g]h>d von ,mae/ri*t laid d[n =ty-?ree ,critical ,canons1 & ,wett/e9 set =? 9 8 ,new ,te/am5t 8 ,animadv]siones et ,cautiones ad exam5 v>i>um lectionum ,novi ,te/am5ti necess>iae 7vol4 ii4 #hea-hgd74 ,9 #agee ,j4 ,d4 ,mi*aelis add$ to 8 ,curae 9 v]sionem ,syriacam ,act4 ,apo/4 8 ,consect>ia critica de 444 usu v]sionis ,syriacae tabul>um ,novi ,fo$]is4#beh ,b5gel r$uc$ all ! rules to a s+le "o4 ,q rec5tly ,wordswor? & ,:ite compreh5d$ ! rules !y foll[$ 9 ! prep>ation ( ! text ( _! ,lat9 ,new ,te/am5t 9 f\r s5t5ces4 ,( ^! ! fir/ two apply to a v]sion only1 & !re=e d n conc]n u "h2#bei :ile ! f\r? 7brevior lectio probabilior7 is b ano!r =m ( ,b5gel's canon4 ,! ?ird alone may be reg>d$ z new & des]v+ ( att5tion--viz41 v]a lectio ad f9em victoriam reportat4 ,t is to say1 if a phrase is repeat$ 9 sev]al passages 9 ! same or simil> t]ms1 & displays v>iants 9 ! e>li] passages1 ! read+ ( ! lat] passage w1 z a rule1 be ! correct "o1 ! reason be+ t copyi/s are apt to consid] a c]ta9 read+ to be an error ! fir/ "t x occurs1 & !re=e to alt] x1 b come 9 ! end to admit x z correct4 ,i w\ld once m briefly emphasize ! foll[+ propositions3-- 7#a7 ,! text ( our manuscripts mu/ n be reg>d$ z homog5e\s1 b mu/ be exam9$ sep>ately = ea* "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,a manuscript t exhibits a v good text 9 "o book does n necess>ily d ! same 9 ! o!rs4 ,! same ?+ holds good ( v]sions & quotations4 7#b7 ,! text is pres]v$ ) less alt]ation 9 ! v]sions ?an 9 ! manuscripts4#bfj 7#c7 ,9 ! ,gospels t read+ is ! m probable :i* diff]s f t ( ! p>allel passages4 7#d7 ,! influ5ce ( ! ecclesia/ical use ( ! ,scriptures on ! text mu/ be m c>efully att5d$ to ?an h]et(ore4 7#e7 ,"o ( ! mo/ valuable aids 9 e/imat+ ! importance ( ! witnesses is ! prop] names1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( less frequ5t occurr5ce4 7#f7 8,proclivi scriptioni prae/at ardua40 ,sid5ote3 ,prop] names4 ,( ^! propositions only ! la/ two ne$ be illu/rat$ fur!r1 p>ticul>ly ! second la/4 ,= x is really rem>kable to :at ext5t ?is consid]ation has be5 neglect$ hi!rto4 ,to ! be/ ( my k !re is z yet no monograph 9 :i* ! prop] names are treat$ f a critical po9t ( view4 ,& yet ^! are = ! critic frequ5tly ! only po9ts ( light 9 va/ regions ( d>kness4 ,!y are to him :at ! ligh?\se is to ! m>9] or ! fossil to ! geologi/4 ,?is makes _! neglect all ! m /range4 ,_h !re be5 a sy/ematic exam9ation ( ! prop] names ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 ,lippelt's important discov]y ) reg>d to ! spell+s & might h be5 made long ere n[ 7see above1 p4 #afb f474 ,weiss's critical /udies 9 ,acts des]ve hon\rable m5tion 9 ?is connection4 ,b ,we/cott & ,hort1 :o h paid att5tion to ^! ?+s ) _! usual exactitude1 7 simply on ! wrong tack 9 ?is case :5 !y ask$ :e!r ! v>i\s p]sons :o bore ?is "n might n h spelt x diff]5tly1 z 9 ! case ( ,smi?1 ,smy?1 ,smy!1 etc4 ,simil>ly ! g5ealogies give rise to a :ole ho/ ( problems ( :i* no acc\nt has be5 tak5 hi!rto4 ,see above1 p4 #afe1 = ! read+ exhibit$ by ,b 9 ,matt4 i4 #c2 & comp>e ,sela1 giv5 by ,syrs9 9 v]ses #d & #e1 ) 9 ,luke iii4 #cb4 ,tis*5dorf omits ! te/imony 9 ,matt4 i4 #e1 :ile ,baljon passes ov] bo? ! v>iants1 ?\gh !y are c]ta9ly ( m importance ?an ! v>iation 9 ! spell+ ( 1 1 4 ,9 ,luke iii4 #bg ! ^w is conv]t$ into a prop] "n 4 ,f ?is fact "s v int]e/+ conclusions might be drawn ) reg>d to ! s\rces ( ,luke's ,gospel1 b ?is is a matt] ly+ outside ! scope ( ?is *apt]4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! fact t 9 ! f\r? ,gospel ! traitor is call$ n 1 or any?+ l x1 b by 9 *4 vi4 #ga1 :]e 8 "n fir/ occurs1 & by ,d 9 e o!r place 9 t ,gospel 7xii4 #d2 xiii4 #b1 #bf2 xiv4 #bb71 raises a v /rong presumption 9 fav\r ( ^! two manuscripts & inde$ ( ! f\r? ,gospel4 ,on ?is see my ,philologica ,sacra1 p4 #ad1 & my notes1 ) ,*ase's unconv9c+ replies1 9 ! ,expository ,times = ,decemb] #ahig1 & ,janu>y1 ,febru>y1 & ,m>* #ahih4 ,i am v glad to see t ,zahn n[ incl9es to ! same view 7,e9l41 ii4 #efa74 ,consid]able weight is giv5 to x by ! fact t ^! two manuscripts seem to be ! only ones t h pres]v$ ! correct read+ 9 ! case ( o!r names z well4 ,:at is ,apollos call$ 9 ,acts8 ,he is m5tion$ by ,d only 9 *4 xviii4 #bd1 :]e he is call$ 4 99 calls him 9 xviii4 #bd & xix4 #a4 ,?is read+ is support$ 9 ! =m] passage by ! m9uscules #ae & #ahj1 & 9 ! latt] by #ahj alone4 ,w5dt n[ agrees ) ,blass 9 ?9k+ x probable t ! orig9al =m 9 ,acts 0 1 :i* 0 alt]$ 9 ! ma9 body ( manuscripts 9 con=mity ) #a ,cor9?ians1 j z 9 ,john 0 accommodat$ to giv5 by ! ,synoptics4 ,b :at ab\t ,d8 ,i mu/ ask ) ,salmon4 ,ev5 ,weiss says 9 ?is connection 7,codex ,d1 p4 #ah73 8,! mo/ t c be said = is t ?is =m1 diff]+ z x does f t prevail+ 9 ! ,paul9e ,epi/les1 has ! presumption ( orig9ality1 see+ t !re 0 always a temptation = ! scribes to accommodate x to ! latt]40#bfa ,9 8 e>li] "w on ! text 7p4 #i7 he seems n to h consid]$ ?is po9t4 ,i _c und]/& h[ ,weiss c\ld at fir/ expla9 1 :i* is f\nd 9 ,d 7,acts iv4 #f7 9 place ( 77 read by ! o!r witnesses1 z a 8cl]ical error10 :]eas n[ 7,cod4 ,d1 p4 #ajh7 he deems x m natural to suppose t a corrector ins]t$ ! "n ( ! son ( ,annas & ! successor ( ,caiaphas m5tion$ by ,josephus 7,antiq4 xviii4 #d1 #c7 9 place ( t ( ! entirely unkn[n ,john1 ?an t ! "n ( ,jona?an1 ev5 suppos+ x 0 unkn[n to ! copyi/1 :i* applies equally to t ( ,alex&] m5tion$ along ) him1 0 replac$ by ,john1 :i* 0 a v common "n1 ! "n ( ! ,apo/le s frequ5tly m5tion$ be=e4 ,x c\ld1 !re=e1 be only a purely accid5tal cl]ical error4 ,headlam1 9 8 article on ,john 7,ha/+s' ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 ii4 #fgf7 seems to "k no?+ ( all ?is4 ,b p]haps ,weiss sees on ! same page ( ! a=esaid book t ! mi/ake ( ,johanan & ,jona?an occurr$ else:]e also1 & rememb]+ ,b5gel's pr9ciple1 consid]s t is ! scriptio ardua1 &1 !re=e1 ! prae/antior4#bfb ,9 #b ,pet] ii4 #ae ! fa!r ( ,balaam is call$ 1 :i* is q peculi>4 ,we/cott & ,hort & ,weiss1 9 _! fondness = ,b1 write 4 ,b ?is is mo/ c]ta9ly a correction :i* is comb9$ ) ! orig9al to =m 9 4 ,! only ?or\gh discussion ( ! passage t ,i "k is 9 ,zahn's ,e9leitung1 ii4 #aji4 ,! only ?+ t might be add$ to 8 data 9 ! ,,lxx4 is t1 accord+ to ,holmes-,p>sons1 ! ,georgian v]sion has 9 ,jos4 xiii4 #bb4 1 z ! "n ( ,beor1 has crept into v>i\s manuscripts 9 sev]al places f ,jos4 xxiv4 #i--;e4g4 into ! ,arm5ian 9 ,g54 xxxvi4 #cb1 ,codex #ah 9 ,num4 xxii4 #e1 ,codex #ec 9 ,num4 xxiv4 #ae1 :]e ,cod4 #ge has 1 & into ,lucian 9 #a ,*r4 i4 #dc4 ,!re seems to me to be a confusion betwe5 ,g54 xxxvi4 #cb 7 #a ,*r4 i4 #dc7 & ! foll[+ v]se1 9 :i* ,bosra occurs4 ,9 ,g54 xxxvi4 #cc "o manuscript obs]ves1 4 ,j]ome also r5d]s 8ex ,bosor40#bfc also occurs z ! "n ( a place 9 ,deut4 iv4 #dc2 #a ,sam4 xxx4 #i2 #a ,macc4 v4 #bf4 ,on ?is la/ passage see ,zd,p,v41 #ab1 #ea2 #ac1 #da4 ,= o!r int]pretations 7,hebrew pronunciation ( ! ,aramaic 7#bfd see ,pole's ,synopsis on #b ,pet] ii4 #ae4 ,x is wor? obs]v+ t m9uscule #ha displays a close agreem5t ) ,b 9 o!r places z well z ?is4 ,on ! names 9 ! catalogue ( ! ,apo/les1 see ,zahn1 ,e9l41 ii4 #bfc2 on & 1 ii4 #caj2 on ,jesus ,b>abbas1 ii4 #bid2 on ,b>a*ias 9 ,matt4 xxiii4 #ce1 i4 #ded1 ii4 #cjh4 ,on ! confusion betwe5 ,isaiah & ,asaph 9 ,matt4 xiii4 #ce1 & betwe5 ,j]emiah1 ,ze*>iah1 & ,isaiah 9 o!r passages1 comp>e ,ambrosia/]'s note on #a ,cor4 ii4 #i cit$ above1 p4 #adh4 8,he :o seeks 9 ! wild fir wood1 w /ill f9d _m a cudgel good40 ,sid5ote3 ,textus brevior4 ,! rule t ! %ort] text is ! m orig9al is a subdivision ( ,b5gel's canon4 ,x is specially ! case :5 two long] =ms are oppos$ to x :i* are mutually exclusive & ^: orig9 c be expla9$ f ! %ort]4 ,z examples ( ?is ,zahn adduces1 9 addition to ! d\ble conclusion ( ,m>k's ,gospel1 ! foll[+3-- ,john vi4 #dg3 1 ,b ,l ,t1 89 ,god10 ,syrcu4 s91 ,a ,c ,d 4444 ,john vii4 #ci3 1 ,k ,t 1 ,l ,x 1 x vgcle1 ' 1 ,d f go?1 1 ,b #bed ,syrs94 h>k4444 ,james v4 #g3 1 ,b #ca1 pr4 ,a ,k ,l ,p1 pr4 #i ff etc4 ,x is equally cle> t a read+ is incorrect :i* proves to be a mixture ( two o!rs 7conflate read+s74 ,! respective claims ( ^! o!rs mu/ be adjudg$ on o!r consid]ations4 ,?us we h-- ,luke xxiv4 #ec3 1 ,d a b e4 1 ,b ,c99 ,l4 1 ,a ,c#b ,x 4 1 ,e?iop4 ,acts vi4 #h3 1 ,a ,b ,d4 1 ,h ,p4 1 ,e4 ,9 g5]al t read+ w h ! be/ claim to orig9ality :i* /&s fir/ 9 ! comb9ation4 ,fur!r illu/rations are unnecess>y4 ,9 ord] to fulfil ! promise ( ! title ( ?is *apt]1 ! =ego+ exposition ( ! ,!ory ( ,new ,te/am5t criticism %\ld be succe$$ by a fur!r "p deal+ ) its ,praxis4 ,su* a "p w\ld conta9 p>ticul> illu/rations ( ! way 9 :i* ! criticism ( ! text has be5 h&l$ by our au?orities hi!rto & ! way 9 :i* x mu/ be treat$ 9 accordance ) ! =ego+ pr9ciples4 ,! foll[+ notes d n & _c claim to be a complete fulfilm5t ( ?is great task1 m especially z 9 ! prec$+ "p we 7 unable to arrive at a f9i%$ sy/em ( textual criticism4 ,i h !re=e cont5t$ myself ) br++ toge!r a s]ies ( passages ( int]e/ f a critical po9t ( view4 ,9 do+ s ,i h freely drawn ^u ,zahn's ,introduction4 ,= ?is ,i feel sure ! read] w ?ank me1 :ile at ! same "t ,i tru/ t ! au?or w p>don ! lib]ty ,i h tak54 ,i h made use1 z f> z possible1 ( ! additional mat]ial af=d$ by editions lat] ?an ^? ( ,tis*5dorf & ,we/cott & ,hort1 p>ticul>ly ( ! ,s9ai-,syriac4 ,?is collection may !re=e s]ve 9 "s degree to supplem5t our comm5t>ies1 :i*1 ?\gh _! m]its 9 o!r directions are to be freely conc$$1 /ill leave mu* to be desir$ 9 ! matt] ( textual criticism4 ,a purely critical comm5t>y on ! ,new ,te/am5t is a great desid]atum4 ,! foll[+ notes are to be reg>d$ n z ! comm5cem5t ( su* a "w1 b simply z a /imulus !reto4 ,i myself felt x to be a defect 9 ! small ,/uttg>t edition ( ! ,new ,te/am5t t want ( space oblig$ me to omit all ref]5ces to ! orig9 & significance ( ! v>i\s read+s select$ f manuscripts4 ,= _m ( ^! an ,annotatio ,critica 9 an ,app5dix l t 9 ! l>g] edition ( v4 ,gebh>dt w\ld sc>cely h be5 suffici5t4 ,:at in=mation1 e4g41 w\ld x h imp>t$ to a read] to h giv5 ! numb]s ( ! two m9uscules #cdf1 #eef aft] ! read+ 9 ,matt4 i4 #af8 ,:at he ne$s is an ,app>atus ,criticus or a ,comm5t>ius ,criticus su* z ,b5gel app5d$ to 8 edition1 or l t :i* ,burk publi%$ sep>ately 9 8 second issue4 ,ed4 ,mill] has promis$ to give u "o = ! ,gospels1 only x w proce$ on pr9ciples :i* v few ( u w be able to accept4 ,footnote #abi3 ,i c\ld desire no bett] motto = ?is ?ird section ?an ! words ( ,augu/9e3 ,codicibus em5d&is primitus debet invigil>e soll]tia eorum qui scripturas nosse desid]ant1 ut em5datis non em5dati c$ant 7,de ,doctr9a ,*ri/iana1 ii4 #ad1 #ba1 :]e ! say+ ab\t ! int]pretum num]ositas1 cit$ on page #ajh1 is also f\nd74 ,or if n ^! words1 !n ^? ( our ,"l himself1 1 :i* ,orig5 appli$ to ! v]ification ( ! canon1 b :i*1 tak5 9 ! s5se ( #a ,!ss4 v4 #ba1 are equally applicable to ! "w ( ! 8l[]0 criticism4 ,apollos1 ! pupil ( ,m>cion1 also v9dicat$ ! "r ( ,biblical criticism ) ^! same words4 ,epiphanius1 ,ha]es41 xliv4 #b 7,zahn1 ,,gk41 i4 #age74 ,footnote #acj3 ,! fragm5t 0 edit$ by ,tregelles ) a facsimile 9 #ahfg4 ,x is giv5 9 ,we/cott's ,canon ( ! ,n4 ,t41 ,app5dix ,c1 :]e also see ! section on ! ,muratorian ,canon1 ,"p i4 c4 ii4 ,x w be f\nd also 9 ,preus*5's ,analecta1 ,krz]e ,texte 444 pp4 #abi-acg 7! eigh? numb] ( ,g4 ,krg]'s ,sammlung ausgewhlt] kir*5- und dogm5ges*i*tli*] ,quell5s*rift51 ,freib4 & ,leipzig1 #ahic74 ,footnote #aca3 ,quot$ 9 ,we/cott1 ,canon1 "p ii4 c4 ii4 #a1 & 9 ,zahn's ,e9leitung1 ii4 #agi4 ,footnote #acb3 ,giv5 9 ,preus*54 ,9 ! manuscripts x is entitl$ 8,indiculum ,vet]is et ,novi ,te/am5ti et ,caecili ,cipriani40 ,x 0 fir/ made kn[n f a ,,ms4 at ,*elt5ham 9 #ahhf4 ,z x is mo/ly assign$ to ! ye> #cfe 7see also ,jli*]1 ,e9leitung1 p4 #ccf7 ! words ( ,w4-,w4 may be repeat$ "h3 8,s4 ,b]g] tam5 alit] s5tit1 rationibus commotus qu>um una c]te nobis satis v]a videtur4 ,concordant enim num]i 9 ,vet]i ,te/am5to cum codicibus ,hi]onymianis1 e4g4 9 libris ,regum quattuor1 ,esaiae1 ,j]emiae1 et duodecim ,prophet>um1 ,tobiae1 et ,mac*abeorum secundo4 ,indiculus tam5 s9e dubio antiquus e/0 7p4 #gcf74 ,footnote #acc3 ,catalogus ,cl>amontanus giv5 9 ,we/cott1 ,canon1 ,app5dix ,d1 p4 #efc4 ,footnote #acd3 ,translat$ into ,fr5*1 ,prairies d'or1 i4 #abc3 "o volume into ,engli% by ,spr5g]1 #ahda2 ,say\s1 ,jsus ,*ri/ d'aprs ,mohamm$1 p4 #cd4 ,footnote #ace3 ,see ,zahn1 ,e9l41 ii4 #agf2 ,,gk41 ii4 #cfd-cge1 #ajad4 ,footnote #acf3 ,see ,add5da1 p4 xvi4 ,footnote #acg3 ,! numb]s are z foll[s3-- -- -- ,mat!w1 #b #bd ,john1 #g #ag ,luke1 #bg #a ,m>k1 #b #bd ,acts1 #ba #b ,see ,blass1 ,lucae ad ,!ophilum lib] prior1 p4 vi4 f41 ,philology ( ! ,gospels1 p4 #ge f41 :]e ?ree ( ,lippelt's numb]s are correct$ ) ! help ( ,h>ris4 ,see also ,expository ,times1 ,nov4 #ahig1 p4 #ib f4 ,i _c und]/& :y ,w5dt1 9 ! new edition ( 8 ,comm5t>y on ! ,acts1 %\ld take n ! slighte/ notice ( ?is f>-rea*+ discov]y4 ,on ! spell+ 9 ! ,lat9 manuscripts1 see ,w4-,w41 ,epilogus1 #ggf4 ,footnote #ach3 ,d] ,s*luss des ,m>kus-,evangeliums1 d] ,vi]-,evangeli5-,kanon1 und die kle9asia/is*5 ,presbyt] 7,b]l91 #ahid74 ,footnote #aci3 ,expositor1 ,dec4 #ahid4 ,footnote #adj3 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #bba4 ,footnote #ada3 ,see ,coxe's ,catalogue ( ,greek ,,mss4 9 ! ,bodleian ,libr>y1 #ahed4 ,footnote #adb3 ,on cata or kata 9 ! subscriptions1 titles1 prefaces1 etc41 ( ,lat9 manuscripts1 see ! index 9 ,w4-,w41 to :i* add ! rem>kable phrase cata tempus1 :i* codex e gives 9 ,john v4 #d1 9 place ( secundum tempus 9 ! o!r manuscripts4 ,footnote #adc3 ,see ,field1 ,hexapla1 i4 p4 lxxii4 ,footnote #add3 ,! ord]1 444 444 1 9 ,baljon is due to a /range ov]sight :i* is n correct$ 9 ! ,add5da et ,corrig5da4 ,footnote #ade3 ,to ! passages :i* may be adduc$ 9 support ( ! read+1 add ,clem5t1 ,hom4 #cb 7,lag>de1 #ib1 #ce71 #cb 7#aah1 #ca74 ,footnote #adf3 ,codex ,d & ,syrs9 also agree 9 omitt+ v4 #cj1 b ?is is probably no m ?an a rem>kable co9cid5ce4 ,footnote #adg3 ,see ,urt41 #ee ff41 :]e works on ?is subject are cit$4 ,footnote #adh3 ,see also ,l9wood1 ,rem>ks on ,conjectural ,em5dations z appli$ to ! ,new ,te/am5t1 #ahgc4 ,footnote #adi3 ,on ! symbol m1 see above1 p4 #aad4 ,footnote #aej3 ,! conv]se occurs 9 ,eusebius1 ,eccl4 ,hi/41 iv4 #ae1 9 ! address ( ,polyc>p's ,m>tyrium4 ,!re ! read+ 1 :i* is also f\nd 9 ! ,syriac1 %\ld1 accord+ to ,h>nack's ,*ronologie d] alt*ri/l4 ,lit41 i4 #cda1 be replac$ by 1 or r by :i* is f\nd 9 #a ,macc4 xii4 #d2 #b ,macc4 xii4 #b4 ,comp>e also ! v>iation f\nd 9 ! manuscripts 9 #b ,cor4 x4 #ae betwe5 1 1 & 1 & betwe5 & 9 ,judi? vi4 #ba4 ,see also ,eusebius1 ,eccl4 ,hi/41 v4 #ae1 #bc4 ,footnote #aea3 ,! opposite view is express$ 9 ,scriv5]1 ii4 #bdd3 8,x is n[ agre$ among compet5t judges t ,conjectural ,em5dation mu/ nev] be resort$ to1 ev5 9 passages ( ackn[l$g$ difficulty02 & he quotes f ,rob]ts 7,words ( ! ,new ,te/am5t73 8conjectural criticism is entirely bani%$ f ! field 444 simply because !re is no ne$ = x40 ,) ?is1 h[ev]1 he does n q agree4 ,he admits t !re are passages respect+ :i* we _c help fram+ a %rewd suspicion t ! orig9al read+ diff]$ f any =m 9 :i* !y are n[ pres5t$ to u4 ,he notes z passages = :i* we %\ld be glad ( m light1 ,acts vii4 #df1 xiii4 #cb1 xix4 #dj1 xxvi4 #bh2 ,rom4 viii4 #b2 #a ,cor4 xii4 #b1 :]e ,ephes4 ii4 #aa might sugge/ 2 #a ,tim4 vi4 #g2 #b ,pet4 iii4 #aj1 #ab2 ,jude #e1 #bb1 #bc4 ,g4 ,krg] expresses himself to ! same effect4 ,he w\ld h no conjecture1 h[ev] well f\nd$1 receiv$ into ! text4 ,see 8 notice ( ,koets*au's ,orig5 9 ! ,l4 ,cbl41 ,no4 #ci1 #ahii4 ,i f9d t ,swete has _h no objection to adopt a conjecture ( m9e 9 8 second edition ( ! la/ volume ( ! ,cambridge ,septuag9t 7,eno* xiv4 #c74 ,if su* a ?+ is p]missible 9 ! case ( ,eno*1 :y %\ld x n be all[able 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t8 ,z clev] sugge/ions maybe not$ = ! hapax legom5on 1 ,m>k xii4 #d 7,l9wood1 ,van de ,s&e-,bakhuyz57 & = 1 #a ,tim4 v4 #ac 7,hitzig74 ,lagrange 7,revue ,biblique1 #aijj1 p4 #bjf7 cautions u aga9/ 8prt] de l'esprit l',esprit ,sa9t40 ,footnote #aeb3 ,comp>e my conjecture ( = 1 ,ps4 lxviii4 #ca1 & see bel[1 p4 #bcf4 ,footnote #aec3 ,mey]-,w5dt#h1 p4 #ea4 ,= an example ( repeat$ by mi/ake1 cf4 9 ,b1 ,m>k xiii4 #ac4 ,its errone\s omission is q common4 ,footnote #aed3 ,bag/]1 ,london1 #ahhg4 ,footnote #aee3 ,see ,isaac ,taylor's ,hi/ory ( ! ,transmission ( ,anci5t ,books to ,mod]n ,times 7#ahbg72 & comp>e also ! text-books on ,h]m5eutics1 e4g4 9 ,i4 v4 ,mll]'s ,h&bu* d] klassis*5 ,alt]tumswiss5s*aft4 ,footnote #aef3 ,b5$icti regula mona*orum4 ,rec5suit ,ed4 ,wlffl91 ,lipsiae1 ,teubn]1 #ahie1 pp4 xv4 #he1 #hvo4 ,see also 8 article on ! ,lat9ity ( ,b5$ict 9 ! ,ar*4 f4 ,lat4 ,lexikogr4 ix4 #d1 #ahif1 pp4 #dic-eba4 ,footnote #aeg3 ,textges*i*te d] ,regula ,s4 ,b5$icti 7,abh4 d4 #c ,cl4 d4 k4 ,ak4 d4 ,wiss41 vol4 xxi41 ,muni*1 #ahih74 ,comp>e also ,! ,text ( ,/4 ,b5$ict's ,rule by ,dom ,c4 ,butl]1 ,o4,s4,b4 ,repr9t$ f ! ,d[nside ,review1 ,decemb] #ahii1 #ab pp4 ,footnote #aeh3 ,,tu4 xiv4 #a1 #ahif4 ,footnote #aei3 ,krg]'s ,sammlung1 ,heft xi41 ,freiburg & ,leipzig1 #ahie4 ,footnote #afj3 ,,tu41 ,new ,s]ies1 i4 #a1 #ahig4 ,footnote #afa3 ,comp>e also ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! editions ( ,josephus1 publi%$ by ,niese & ,nab]4 ,footnote #afb3 ,see1 h[ev]1 ! two articles by ,lake & ,brightman1 ,on ! ,italian ,orig9 ( ,codex ,bezae 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 i4 #dda ff4 ,footnote #afc3 ,see bel[ on ,john viii4 #eg1 p4 #bhi4 ,footnote #afd3 ,an in/ructive discussion ( ! relation%ip betwe5 ,d#b & ,e#c is giv5 9 ,hort's ,introduction1 #cce-ccg4 ,x is possible t "o copyi/ 9 ,rom4 xv4 #ca-cc took 444 1 & ! o!r 444 --i4e4 two entirely diff]5t rec5sions4 ,footnote #afe3 ,zahn v prop]ly rem>ks 7,?4 ,lbl41 #ahii1 #af1 #agi73 8,"o mu/ n1 at lea/ z reg>ds ! ,n4 ,t41 conf\nd ,eusebius ) ,pamphilus1 or1 if ,i might say s1 ) ! firm ( ,pamphilus & ,eusebius4 ,if ! fifty ,bibles t ,eusebius provid$ at ! bidd+ ( ! ,emp]or = ! use ( ! *ur*es ( ! capital _h conta9$ a text ( ! ,n4 ,t4 prep>$ on ! basis ( ! previ\s works & comm5t>ies ( ,orig51 ! entire subsequ5t hi/ory ( ! text ( ! ,n4 ,t4 9 ! region ( ,con/ant9ople1 reveal+ z x does ! ext5sive propagation ( ! ,antio*ean text1 w\ld be p]fectly incompreh5sible4 ,z 9 ! matt] ( ! canon s also ( ! text ( ! ,n4 ,t41 ,eusebius emancipat$ himself f ! s*ool ( ,orig51 & atta*$ himself to t ( ,antio*1 at lea/ 9 ?is p>ticul> in/ance fraught ) su* important consequ5ces = ! hi/ory ( ! ,bible40 ,footnote #aff3 ,see ,hort1 ,introduction1 #ahh1 #ahi4 ,footnote #afg3 ,a?anasius1 writ+ to ,con/ans1 says 9 8 fir/ ,apology3 444 1 4 ,footnote #afh3 ,x is giv5 9 ,syriac 9 ,abb ,m>t9's ,introduction la critique textuelle du ,n4 ,t41 ,plate ,,xx4 ,no4 #ce 7#ahhc71 f ! ,,ms4 de ,p>is1 #bg1 f #hh b1 & also 9 ,lag>de's ,biblio!ca ,syriaca1 #bei1 #bb-bg4 ,f ! ,greek 1 :i* becomes 9 ! ,semitic1 ! ,syriac =ms ano!r dim9utive 1 :i* is /ill omitt$ 9 ! ,!saurus ,syriacus1 #cbdj2 cf4 ,b> ,bahlul1 #afjf1 #i 7,app4 p4 #fd74 ,9 place ( 1 ,oikonomos w\ld read ! g5itive 7 1 iv4 #ejj74 ,footnote #afi3 ,n only does ! ,old ,te/am5t promise to %$ "s light ^u an obscure problem 9 ! ,new1 b ! conv]se may also be true--viz4 t ! hi/ory ( ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t may contribute to a bett] und]/&+ ( t ( ! ,old4 ,x 0 long obs]v$ t _m peculi>ities ( ! ,lucianic revision ( ! ,septuag9t occur also 9 ! witnesses to ! ,old ,lat9 v]sion 7see especially ,driv]1 ,notes on ,samuel1 p4 li2 ,urt41 #gh74 ,no prop] explanation ( ?is ph5om5on c\ld be giv5 s long z ! ,old ,lat9 v]sion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t 0 look$ ^u z homog5e\s & ( great antiquity4 ,b ! ,new ,te/am5t1 = :i* we h f> m ,old ,lat9 manuscripts ?an = ! ,old1 %[s t ! ,old ,lat9 pre-,j]omic v]sion _h a *equ]$ hi/ory1 & 9 p>ticul> t at a c]ta9 "t a revision 0 und]tak51 ! result ( :i* is f\nd especially 9 ,codex ,brixianus 7f1 see p4 #aab71 & :i* 8non solum int]pretationem vet]em /ilo elegantiori em5dabat1 s$ etiam lectiones novas protulit4 ,notatu c]te dignum e/1 9 i/a em5datione ,itala em9]e lectiones quae 9 maiori p>te codicum ,graecorum app>5t1 quas ,rec5sioni ,syrae vel ,antio*5ae adiudicant ,we/cott et ,hort40 ,s say ,wordswor? & ,:ite1 p4 #fed4 ,if ! same ?+ holds good ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 !n ! relation%ip betwe5 ! ,old ,lat9 & ,lucian at once becomes evid5t1 & ! supposition is n s absurd t ! m>g9al glosses ( ,codex ,legion5sis 7call$ ,codex ,go?icus 9 ,ha/+s' ,bible ,diction>y1 iii4 p4 #ej;b47 :i* are p>ticul>ly /rik+ on ?is view ( ! case1 may h be5 translat$ into ,lat9 f ,lucian4 ,^! consid]ations1 moreov]1 may possibly ?r[ fre% light on ! "q t ,i h rais$ else:]e 7,urt41 p4 #gh71 :e!r ,lucian may n also h us$ ! ,pe%itto 9 8 rec5sion ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,i see t x has be5 tak5 up by ,j4 ,mritan1 9 8 little book1 entitl$1 ,la ,v]sion grecque des ,livres de ,samuel1 prcde d'une ,introduction sur la critique textuelle 7,p>is1 #ahih74 ,on pp4 #if-aac he discusses ! same "q--:e!r ,lucian knew & us$ ! ,pe%itto4 ,he answ]s ! "q 9 ! affirmative3 8,x is !re=e probable t z reg>ds c]ta9 passages ( ! ,books ( ,samuel1 9 8 "w ( revision1 or r ( correction1 ,lucian did n foll[ ! ,hebrew text z 8 sole & infallible guide1 b avail$ himself ( o!rs also1 & t "o ( ^? pr9cipal au?orities 0 ! ,syriac v]sion40 ,we (t5 en\gh f9d cit$ z an au?ority 9 ! ,greek ,comm5t>ies on ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,:e!r x is also m5tion$ = ! ,new ,te/am5t is a po9t t seems n yet to be look$ into4 ,i may add t ,bickel concludes 8 %ort article 9 ! ,zeits*rift fr ka?4 ,!ol41 iii4 #dfg-dfi1 entitl$1 8,die ,lucianis*e ,septuag9tabe>beitung na*gewies510 by say+3 8,9 e/abli%+ ! rec5sions ( ,lucian & ,hesy*ius = ! ,septuag9t1 we may be held z settl+ ! "q :e!r traces ( ^! may n also be f\nd 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t40 ,9 8 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #bdj1 ,zahn says3 8,)\t a d\bt _m read+s :i* _h a consid]able circulation 9 ! second & ?ird c5turies1 "s ( !m be+ ( no small importance & ext5t1 7 gradually ou/$ f _! place 9 ! text f ! f\r? c5tury onw>ds1 & "s ( !m dropp$ out ( ! lat] tradition altoge!r4 ,& x is equally true t _m int]polations 7 curr5t 9 ^! lat] c5turies :i* 7 unkn[n 9 ! second4 ,b :atev] our judgm5t be 9 d\btful cases1 we are /ill always 9 a position to support x ) extant docum5ts40 ,footnote #agj3 ,rahlfs _c1 ( c\rse1 ass5t to ?is supposition1 see+ t he reg>ds ,codex ,b z dep5d+ on ! ,fe/al ,lett] conta9+ ! ,canon ( ,a?anasius1 :i* 0 n writt5 till ! ye> #cfg4 ,footnote #aga3 ,see especially ,lag>de1 ,sept4-,/udi51 #ahib1 & ,moore's ,comm5t>y on ,judges1 #ahie1 p4 xlvi4 ,footnote #agb3 ,see above "u 1 p4 #gb4 ,footnote #agc3 ,!re is no ne$ to discuss "h ! o!r expressions us$ by ,j]ome 9 8 lett] ( ! ye> #djc to ! ,go?ic prie/s ,sunnia & ,fretela1 see+ t ^! relate only to ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,b ! words !mselves may be quot$3 8,brevit] admoneo ut sciatis1 aliam esse editionem1 quam ,orig5es et ,caes>i5sis ,eusebius omnesque ,graeciae tractatores 1 id e/ communem appellant1 atque vulgatam1 et a pl]isque nunc dicitur1 aliam septuag9ta int]pretum quae 9 codicibus rep]itur1 et a nobis 9 lat9um s]monem fidelit] v]sa e/1 et ,j]osolymae atque 9 ori5tis ecclesiae 7s ,lag>de1 ,librorum ,v4 ,t4 c4 p>s prior1 p4 xiii4 f ,vall>si1 i4 #fce87 decantatur 444 autem i/a1 hoc e/ communis1 editio ipsa e/ quae et septuag9ta1 s$ hoc int]e/ int] utramque quod pro locis et temporibus et pro voluntate scriptorum vetus corrupta editio e/1 ea autem quae habetur 9 et quam nos v]timus1 ipsa e/ quae 9 eruditorum libris incorrupta et immaculata septuag9ta int]pretum translatio res]vatur0 7ibid41 #fcg74 ,= ,oikonomos 7iv4 #dii7 w\ld read 4 ,footnote #agd3 ,a4 ,d4 ,loman w\ld em5d ?is passage by read+ 7,leid54 ,!ol4 ,tijds*r41 vii41 #ahgc1 #bcc74 ,footnote #age3 ,:at he says is 7,viri ,illu/41 c4 #ge73 ,pamphilus presbyt]1 ,eusebii ,caes>i5sis episcopi necess>ius1 tanto biblio!cae div9ae amore flagravit1 ut maximam p>tem ,orig5is volum9um sua manu descrips]it1 quae usque hodie 9 ,caes>i5si biblio!ca habetur4 ,s$ et 9 duodecim prophetas vig9tiqu9que ,orig5is volum9a manu eius 7i4e4 ,pamphili7 ex>ata repp]i1 quae tanto amplector et s]vo gaudio1 ut ,croesi opes hab]e me cr$am4 ,si enim laetitia e/ unam epi/ulam hab]e m>tyris1 quanto magis tot milia v]suum1 quae mihi vid5tur suis sangu9is signasse ve/igiis4 ,! above is ,ri*>dson's text4 ,b]n\lli 7,krg]'s ,sammlung1 ,heft xi4 #ahie7 reads hab5tur1 ,s$ 91 & videtur1 & also omits volum9a4 ,footnote #agf3 1 -- -- ' 1 4 ,! la/ sev5 words1 :i* are eras$ 9 ,h1 are suppli$ by ! m9uscule #icpaul & ! ,arm5ian v]sion4 ,on 8borr[+-receipt0 or 8v\*]10 see ,th,lz41 #ahie1 #bhc1 #djg4 ,see also ,rob9son1 ,eu?aliana1 ,texts & ,/udies1 iii4 #c4 ,footnote #agg3 ,to ! lit]ature ref]r$ to on p4 #gi %\ld be add$ ! second section ( ,b\sset's ,textkritis*e ,/udi5 7,,tu4 xi4 #d1 #ahid71 entitl$1 ,d] ,codex ,pamphili1 pp4 #de-gc4 ,b\sset affirms ! close connection betwe5 ! ,corrector ( ,s9aiticus indicat$ by ,tis*5dorf z c & ,codex ,h4 ,i h e/abli%$ ! connection ( ?is corrector 9 ! ,psalt] ) ,eusebius by means ( ! latt]'s ,comm5t>y on ! ,psalms 7see above1 p4 #eh74 ,z yet no "o appe>s to h exam9$ ! ,new ,te/am5t quotations 9 ,eusebius4 ,cf4 h[ev] ,b\sset1 ,th,lz41 #aijj1 #bb1 #faa ff4 ,footnote #agh3 ,x runs3 1 _/ 1 1 1 ' 1 1 ' 4 ,footnote #agi3 1 iv4 #ijd4 ,a!ns1 #ahdd-ahdi4 ,footnote #ahj3 ,texte und ,unt]su*ung51 xvii4 7,n4 ,f4 ii47 #d4 ,see above1 p4 #ij4 ,footnote #aha3 ,eu?alius/udi51 pp4 #aaa-aae2 #aae ff4 ,footnote #ahb3 ,neue ,jahrb*] fr deuts*e ,!ologie1 ii4 #c1 #c 7#ahid71 pp4 #cfj-cfc4 ,comp>e also von ,dobs*tz1 lib4 cit41 #aaa4 ,footnote #ahc3 ' 4 ,euseb41 ,eccl4 ,hi/41 viii4 #aa4 ,footnote #ahd3 ,see above1 p4 #hg ff41 on ,evan4 #dgc1 ,act4 #bdf1 #dai1 ,evl4 #bhf1 & comp>e ,zahn1 ,th,lbl41 #ahii1 #aha3 ,w\ld t "s "o ) ! "t & opportunity to "w 9 ! ,mona/]ies ( ,m\nt ,a?os appli$ himself to ! ,codex writt5 9 ! ye> #hjj by ! unhappy ,empress ,m>ia 7,lambros #abi1 ,s4 ,pauli #b74 ,s9ce ! above 0 writt5 ! manuscript has be5 collat$ by ,von d] ,goltz4 ,footnote #ahe3 ,on 1 see ,*ase1 ,syro-,lat9 ,text1 p4 #ace f4 ,x may be obs]v$ 9 pass+ h[ v>i\sly is r5d]$ 9 ! diff]5t ,lat9 manuscripts--viz4 by evacuat 9 b ff#b l q1 by det9et 9 ff#b;c i r1 by intricat 9 e1 & by occupat 9 d & ! ,vulgate4 ,footnote #ahf3 ,! evid5ce ( d 9 ?is passage _c be _h1 un=tunately1 z eight leaves 7a quat]nio7 conta9+ ! ,greek ( ,matt4 vi4 #bj-;ix4 #b1 & ! ,lat9 ( vi4 #h-viii4 #bg1 h gone amiss+4 ,footnote #ahg3 ,un=tunately h exhibits only ! text ( ,mat!w1 o!rwise ,i might simply h ref]r$ to ! li/ ( v>iants on p4 #abj4 ,i am n aw>e if :at ,wordswor? & ,:ite 7vol4 i4 p4 xxxii7 say ( ?is manuscript is /ill true3 ,codex hodie1 ut f]tur1 9 biblio!ca ,vaticana inv5iri non pote/4 ,footnote #ahh3 ,see ,index 9 ,wordswor? & ,:ite1 p4 #gea4 ,footnote #ahi3 ,at ! same "t x mu/ be po9t$ out "h t n only 9 ,luke & ,acts1 b 9 all ! books ( ! ,n4 ,t41 x is wrong 9 pr9ciple to pres5t ! alt]native 8orig9al or lat] alt]ation0 or ev5 =g]y4 ,! dilemma c be wrongly /at$4 ,blass 0 n ! fir/ to express ! op9ion1 8,lucam bis edidisse ,actus40 ,de ,dieu did s be=e him1 & by an exam9ation ( ^? passages ( ! ,gospels 9 :i* ! orig9al text has be5 pres]v$ 9 purely 8,we/]n0 witnesses ,hort 7 #bda7 0 l$ to suppose t ! ,we/]n & non-,we/]n texts may h 8/>t$ respectively f a fir/ & a second edition ( ! ,gospels1 bo? conceivably apo/olic40 ,simil>ly ,wordswor? & ,:ite are unable to expla9 ! orig9 & propagation ( sev]al read+s 9 ! manuscripts ( ! ,vulgate o!rwise ?an by suppos+ t ! primitive docum5t itself conta9$ c]ta9 v>iants 7corrections7 9 ! passages 9 "q4 ,footnote #aij3 ,ges*i*te des neute/am5tli*5 ,kanons 7,erlang573 ,i4 ,b&1 ,das ,n4 ,t4 vor ,orig5es1 #a & #b ,hlfte1 #ahhh-hi2 ,,ii4 ,b&1 ,urkund5 und ,belege zum er/5 und dritt5 ,b&1 #ahij-ib4 ,x is to be hop$ t ! ?ird volume w n be long 9 mak+ its appe>ance4 ,along ) ?is we mu/ take 8 ,=s*ung5 zur ,ges*i*te des neute/am5tli*5 ,kanons und d] altkir*li*5 ,lit]atur1 ( :i* six volumes h be5 publi%$ 7#ahha-aijj74 ,mean:ile ,zahn's ,e9leitung 9 das ,neue ,te/am5t 7,leipzig1 ,i41 #ahih2 ,,ii41 #ahii1 #bnd ed41 #aijj7 _c be too /rongly recomm5d$4 ,x conta9s a great deal ( valuable mat]ial = ! criticism ( ! text4 ,ne$less to say1 textual criticism is ! basis on :i* all s\nd exegesis re/s4 ,footnote #aia3 ,a small selection w be f\nd 9 ,preus*51 ,analecta1 pp4 #aeb-aeg4 ,footnote #aib3 ,"h aga91 un=tunately1 we h no collection ( notices ref]r+ to ! hi/ory ( ! text z di/+ui%$ f t ( ! canon4 ,footnote #aic3 ,jli*]1 loc4 cit41 f ,sozom51 ,hi/4 ,eccl41 i4 #aa4 ,on ! ,lat9 =m grabattum1 see ,w4-,w41 ,index1 p4 #gef1 occurs z e>ly z ,clem4 ,al4 ,pa$41 #a1 #b1 #f4 ,9 ! p>allels to ,m>k ii4 #f1 ,mat!w has 7ix4 #f71 & ,luke 7v4 #bd74 ,cf4 ! passage cit$ by ,lag>de 7,de ,novo ,te/41 #bj ,ges4 ,abh41 #aah7 f ,lucian's ,philopseudes1 #aa2 ' 4 ,footnote #aid3 1 1 4 ,footnote #aie3 ,cf4 ,matt4 xiii4 #bg1 1 & also ! sup]scriptions ( ! ,n4 ,t4 ,epi/les1 p>ticul>ly ^? ( ,paul1 :]e is v>i$ by 4 4 ,footnote #aif3 8is res]v$0--,syr4 ,footnote #aig3 8b0--,syr4 ,footnote #aih3 ,?is read+ is confirm$ by ! ,syriac z aga9/ ' read by ,*ri/ophorson & ,savil4 ,footnote #aii3 ,! passage is a conspicu\s example ( ! importance ( punctuation4 ,b5gel punctuates 1 1 & ,we/cott & ,hort 1 4 ,weiss is accord+ly n q "r 9 cit+ ,b5gel along ) ,bleek & ,h(fman z support+ ! view ( ,t]tullian 7see ,b5gel's ,gnomon74 ,x w be difficult to prove t ,t]tullian's con/ruction is impossible 8on acc\nt ( ! position ( 40 ,we/cott & ,hort surely "k ,greek1 & ,t]tullian knew x bett] ?an any ( u4 ,footnote #bjj3 ,x seems wor? :ile to quote "h ,h>nack's words on ^! notices ( ! e>lie/ attempts at textual criticism4 ,he says 7ibid41 p4 #ahi73 8,! *>ge pref]r$ aga9/ ! disciples ( t erudite ,tann] 7,!odotus7 by ! au?or ( ! ,little ,labyr9? is ?reefold4 ,he compla9s ( _! =mal & grammatical exegesis ( ,scripture1 ( _! arbitr>y sy/em ( textual criticism1 & ( ! ext5t to :i* !y 7 engross$ 9 ,logic1 ,ma!matics1 & empirical ,sci5ce4 ,at ! fir/ glance1 !re=e1 x w\ld appe> t ^! p _h no int]e/ to sp>e = ,!ology4 ,b ! v opposite is ! case4 ,! compla9ant himself has to confess t !y employ$ ! me?od ( grammatical exegesis #8) ! object ( e/abli%+ _! godless conclusions1' & textual criticism 9 ord] to correct ! manuscripts ( ! holy ,scriptures4 ,9 place ( ! allegorical me?od ( exposition1 ! grammatical is ! only "r "o1 & we h "h an attempt to discov] a text m ne>ly resembl+ ! orig9al in/ead ( simply accept+ ! traditional =m4 ,h[ inimitable & *>m+ really are ^! notices6444 ,^! s*ol>s _h to be g5]als )\t an army1 because _! gramm> & textual criticism & logic might only discr$it 9 ! eyes ( ! *ur*es t *ri/ological me?od :i* long tradition _h inve/$ ) admiration & respect4444 ,z #8g5u9e' s*ol>s--?is is an exce$+ly *>act]i/ic description t is giv5 ( !m--!y also took a jeal\s c>e t none ( !m lo/ ! cr$it ( 8 conjectures & em5dations4 ,no remnants h be5 pres]v$ ( ! works ( ^! ! fir/ s*ol>ly exegetes ( ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* 7! ,syntagma kn[s ( ! exi/5ce ( su*2 cf4 ,epiph4 lv4 c4 #a740 ,s writes ,h>nack4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 is said 9 ! text ( ,eusebius ( a jeal\s wat* ov] ! priority ( ! conjectures4 ,9 ! s5t5ce :i* ,h>nack r5d]s 8= _! disciples h ) an ambiti\s zeal record$ :at ea* "o has correct$ z !y call x1 t is corrupt$ 7delet$8710 is to be und]/ood simply ( a dilig5t record ( 8corrections0 und]tak5 solely out ( an int]e/ 9 _! cont5ts4 ,accord+ to ! ,syriac is n to be r5d]$ by 8delet$10 b z ,h>nack translates x3 cf4 ! v>i\s ,syriac v]sions 9 ,mat!w vi4 v]se #af 7,syrp71 v]ses #ai & #bj 7,syrpc74 ,on ! validity ( ! *>ge ( inv5t+ false ,scriptures1 see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 #a1 #bif f4 ,footnote #bja3 ,we/cott1 ,canon1 ,pt4 ,i4 c4 iv4 #h1 p4 #cjh ff4 ,footnote #bjb3 ,we/cott1 ,canon1 ,pt4 ,i4 c4 iv4 p4 #caj4 ,footnote #bjc3 ,ibid41 p4 #bia4 ,footnote #bjd3 ,ibid41 p4 #cjc ff4 ,cf4 ,texts & ,/udies1 vol4 i4 #d3 ,! ,fragm5ts ( ,h]acleon1 by ,a4 ,e4 ,brooke1 ,m4,a4 ,footnote #bje3 ,on ! lit]ature ( ! subject1 cf4 ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #ehe-gah1 ,das ,n4 ,t4 ,m>cions2 ii4 #dji-ebi1 ,m>cions ,n4 ,t4 ,all o!r works are sup]s$$ by ?is1 b m5tion may /ill be made ( ,a4 ,hahn1 ,das ,evangelium ,m>cions 9 se9] ursprngli*5 ,ge/alt 7#ahbc72 ,?ilo1 ,codex ,apocryphus ,novi ,te/am5ti 7#ahcb3 = ?is "w ,hahn attempt$ to re/ore ! text ( ,m>cion1 pp4 #dja-dhf72 ,a4 ,rits*l1 ,das ,evangelium ,m>cions und das kanonis*e ,evangelium des ,lucas 7#ahdf72 ,hilg5feld1 9 ! ,z4 f4 hi/4 ,!ol41 #ahee1 pp4 #dbf-dhd2 ,s&ay1 ,! ,gospels 9 ! ,second ,c5tury1 c4 viii4 ,footnote #bjf3 ,! pro( passages w be f\nd 9 ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #fbj1 #fbf1 #ffc3 ma*a]a non /ilo3 erubescat spongia ,m>cionis 7,t]t41 v4 #d1 p4 #bhb4 ,is x p]missible to inf] f ?is t m9ium 0 already us$ 9 manuscripts ( ! ,bible at t "t8--cf4 ,augu/9e1 ,con4 ,jul41 iii4 #ac3 ipsum libri tui argum5tum erubesc5do conv]tatur 9 m9ium73 non miror si syllabas subtrahit1 quum pag9as totas pl]umque subducet4 ,quis tam comesor mus ,ponticus quam qui evangelia corrosit 7con4 ,m>c41 i4 #a73 tuum apo/oli codicem licet sit undique circumrosus 7,adamantius74 ,footnote #bjg3 ,see ! passage f ,t]tullian 7cotidie re=mant illud 7sc4 evangelium71 pr\t a nobis cotidie rev9cuntur71 & f ,adamantius 7,pseudo-,orig5es1 de la ,rue1 i4 #hhg ,lat4 9 ,casp>i ,anecdota1 i4 #eg7 9 ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #fac4 ,footnote #bjh3 ,cf4 also ,,gk4 p4 #fha4 ,footnote #bji3 ,cf4 ,we/cott1 ,canon1 ,pt4 ,i4 c4 iv4 #i1 ,m>cion3 8,"s ( ! omissions c be expla9$ at once by 8 peculi> doctr9es1 b o!rs are unlike arbitr>y corrections1 & mu/ be consid]$ z v>i\s read+s ( ! greate/ int]e/1 dat+ z !y d to a "t ant]ior to all o!r au?orities 9 our possession0 7p4 #cae74 ,see also note at ! end ( ! p>agraph1 :]e c]ta9 read+s peculi> to ,m>cion are cit$4 ,footnote #baj3 ,cf4 also ibid41 p4 #fhd1 & see bel[1 p4 #cac4 ,footnote #baa3 ,cf4 also ibid41 p4 #fhb3 8,i repeat t read+s :i* are prov$ to be e>li] ?an ,m>cion by _! simultane\s occurr5ce 9 8 text & t ( ! sev]al ,ca?olic witnesses des]ve great] consid]ation bo? 9 ! ,gospels & ,epi/les ?an has g5]ally be5 accord$ !m4 ,x is mu* m important to asc]ta9 :e!r a c]ta9 read+ has ! support ( ,m>cion ?an to obs]ve t x occurs 9 ?is or t uncial manuscript4 ,9 spite ( ?is1 h[ev]1 ! critical notes 9 our comm5t>ies h>dly ev] ref] to ,m>cion1 n to speak ( _! do+ s sy/ematically40 ,footnote #bab3 ,pp4 #dji-ddi1 on ! criticism ( ! s\rces2 pp4 #ddi-ebi1 ! re/oration ( ! text4 ,on p4 #ddi f4 he gives 8 v]dict on ! e>li] works ( ,hilg5feld1 ,volkm>1 & van ,man5 9 ?is direction4 ,footnote #bac3 ,zahn int]jects 8z yet40 ,footnote #bad3 ,we h n yet discov]$ a manuscript conta9+ exactly ,m>cion's text4 ,! *ances ( our /ill do+ s are v small 9 view ( ! hatr$ ) :i* ,m>cion 0 pursu$4 ,b :5 ! libelli ( c]ta9 libellatici h be5 f\nd1 & also a great "p ( ! ,gospel ( ,pet]1 we ne$ n despair ( f9d+ o!r lo/ works z well4 ,codex #fjd is int]e/+ z exhibit+ ! ,m>cionite read+1 ' 1 9 ! ,"l's ,pray]1 ,luke xi4 #b4 ,! same manuscript omits 9 ,luke ix4 #bj1 & 9 v]se #ce4 ,comp>e also ,jli*]1 ,glei*nisr$5 ,jesu1 ii4 #e3 8,m>cion1 :o p]haps creat$ ! ,roman text ( ,luke xxi4 #cj40 ,footnote #bae3 ,on ?is passage ,w4-,w4 obs]ve3 8,d ex ,lat9is =san correctus40 ,footnote #baf3 8,licet suos adiectio sit ha]etici40 ,t]tullian4 ,footnote #bag3 ,9 ! critical notes at ! end ( ?is *apt] ,i h cit$ a numb] ( ,m>cion's read+s f ,zahn's "w1 ) ! hope t ^! w n[ e>n a full] recognition 9 our !ological comm5t>ies4 ,see e4g4 on ,luke xviii4 #bj2 xxiii4 #b2 xxiv4 #cg2 #a ,cor4 vi4 #bj2 xiv4 #ai4 ,footnote #bah3 ,see ,lit]ature on p4 #aje f41 to :i* add ,we/cott1 ,canon1 ,"p ,i4 c4 iv4 #aj4 ,footnote #bai3 ,def5d+ ! plurality ( ! canonical ,gospels aga9/ ! ,m>cionites1 he says3 7,philocalia1 ed4 ,rob9son1 #dg2 ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #dab2 ,,pre#c1 v4 #fed74 ,f :at ,orig5 says1 ,contra ,celsum1 vi4 #ea1 x w\ld seem t he himself he>d ,tatian4 ,footnote #bbj3 ,euseb41 ,hi/4 ,eccl41 iv4 #bi1 ) ref]5ce to ! ,encratites3 7,syriac has 71 444 1 4 ' 4 4 444 ,9 ! ,syriac v]sion x runs3 ,b ?is ,tatian1 _! fir/ head1 collect$ & comb9$ & fram$ a 7or1 !7 & call$ x 1 t is 8! comb9$10 :i* is 9 ! possession ( _m till ?is day4 ,& x is said ( him t he v5tur$ to alt] c]ta9 phrases ( ! ,apo/le 7! plural po9ts 9 ! ,syriac are to be omitt$7 z ) ! object ( am5d+ ! composition ( ! phrases4 ,& he has left _m writ+s1 etc4 ,footnote #bba3 ,epiphan41 ,ha]et41 #df1 #a 7,pet4 #cia73 ' 1 4 ,footnote #bbb3 ,m9uscule ,evan4 #gb 7,h>leianus #efdg ( ! elev5? c5tury7 on ,matt4 xxvii4 #dh3 ' 4 ,in/ead ( 1 ,h>nack-,preus*5 7i4 #dic71 read 1 :e!r rightly or n ,i d n "k4 ,no?+ be+ kn[n ( ! hi/orical ,gospel ( "o ,diodorus1 x is natural en\gh to conjecture 7,zahn1 ,=s*41 i4 #bh7 t ! read+ %\ld be '1 b :at becomes !n ( 8 ,h>nack sugge/s ' 1 b see ,zahn1 ,=s*41 ii4 #bih4 ,! omission ( ! article be=e ' is a difficulty4 ,footnote #bbc3 ,9 8 7i4 #bj2 vol4 iv4 #cab71 writt5 9 ! ye> #dec1 he says at ! end ( ! *apt] on ,tatian3-- 1 1 1 1 1 ' 4 ' 1 4 ,footnote #bbd3 ,see ,hamlyn ,hill1 ,e>lie/ ,life ( ,*ri/1 etc41 p4 #cbd2 ,hope ,w4 ,hogg1 ,ante-,nic5e ,libr>y1 ,additional ,volume4 ,footnote #bbe3 ,see ,die ,ueb]lief]ung d] grie*is*5 ,apologet51 #ahhb1 pp4 #aif-bah1 &1 on ! o!r side1 ,zahn1 ,=s*ung51 ii4 #bib ff4 ,footnote #bbf3 ,! ,diatess>on ( ,tatian3 a ,prelim9>y ,/udy1 #ahij4 ,footnote #bbg3 ,see ,th,lz41 #ahia1 col4 #cef4 ,footnote #bbh3 ,x is n cle> :e!r ,h>nack gives ?is z 8 own op9ion or n4 ,= a read+ ( cod4 ,wd1 ak9 to t ( ,tatian1 see bel[ on ,m>k vii4 #cc1 p4 #bfd4 ,footnote #bbi3 ,ante-,nic5e ,*ri/ian ,libr>y1 ,additional ,volume1 p4 #ch4 ,footnote #bcj3 ,see ,=s*ung51 i4 #acj1 #adj1 #baf1 #bbh f41 #bcg1 #bdh1 #bfc4 ,footnote #bca3 ,london1 ,macmillan1 #ahie4 ,footnote #bcb3 ,=s*ung51 i4 #agi4 ,footnote #bcc3 ,?is w be f\nd mo/ conv5i5tly 9 ,hogg's translation--,ante-,nic5e ,libr>y1 ,additional ,volume4 ,footnote #bcd3 ,cf4 p4 #cic3 8,to judge f ,ephraem's ,comm5t>y1 ! ,diatess>on conta9s sc>cely z mu* apocryphal matt] z ,codex ,cantabrigi5sis ( ! ,gospels & ,acts40 ,footnote #bce3 ,9 8 ,n4 ,t4 um #bjj1 p4 #ajh1 ,h>nack treats ,zahn's int]pretation ( ! words ( ,eusebius z a bad blund]4 ,! latt] def5ds himself by say+ among o!r ?+s t x is n q cle> :e!r ,eusebius himself 0 aw>e ( ! d\ble mean+ ( ! ^w :i* 0 employ$ 9 ! tradition 7he says 7 report$ to him4 ,he ?9ks t ,ruf9us might be said to h 8p>aphras$0 c]ta9 comm5t>ies ( ,orig51 correct+ 8 ?\ght & phraseology 9 _m places4 ,true1 b 9 ,eusebius x is 1 n :ole epi/les1 t ,tatian is said to h 8metaphras$40 ,footnote #bcf3 ,on ! words ( ,j]ome 7ad ,tit4 praef41 vii4 #fhf71 8,s$ ,tatianus ,encratit>um patri>*es1 qui et ipse nonnullas ,pauli epi/olas repudiavit1 hanc vel maxime1 hoc e/ ad ,titum1 apo/oli pronunti&am cr$idit1 p>vip5d5s ,m>cionis et aliorum qui cum eo 9 hac p>te cons5tiunt ass]tionem10 comp>e ,zahn1 ,=s*41 i4 #f1 ,,gk4 i4 #dbf4 ,footnote #bcg3 ,introd41 ii4 #agj1 p4 #abj4 ,on all acc\nts ! ,we/]n text claims our att5tion fir/4 ,! e>lie/ read+s :i* c be fix$ *ronologically belong to x4 ,z f> z we c judge f extant evid5ce1 x 0 ! mo/ widely-spread text ( ,ante-,nic5e times2 & soon] or lat] e v]sion directly or indirectly felt its influ5ce4 ,b any prepossessions 9 its fav\r t might be creat$ by ?is impos+ e>ly asc5dancy are = ! mo/ "p soon dissipat$ by cont9u\s /udy ( its int]nal "*4 ,! ecc5tric ,:i/on's translation ( ! ,gospels & ,acts f ! ,codex ,bezae1 & ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les f ! ,codex ,cl>omontanus1 & ,bornemann's edition ( ! ,acts1 9 :i* ! ,codex ,bezae 0 tak5 z ! /&>d au?ority1 are probably ! only attempts :i* h ev] be5 made 9 mod]n times to set up an exclusively1 or ev5 pr$om9antly1 ,we/]n ,greek text z ! pure/ reproduction ( :at ! ,apo/les wrote4 ,?is all b univ]sal rejection is d\btless p>tly ow+ to ! p]si/5t influ5ce ( a :imsical !ory ( ! la/ c5tury1 :i*1 ignor+ all non-,lat9 ,we/]n docum5t>y evid5ce except ! h&ful ( extant bil+ual uncials1 ma9ta9$ t ! ,we/]n ,greek text ow$ its peculi>ities to translation f ! ,lat92 p>tly to an imp]fect appreh5sion ( ! antiquity & ext5sion ( ! ,we/]n text z reveal$ by ,patri/ic quotations & by v]sions4 ,yet ev5 ) ! aid ( a true p]ception ( ! facts ( ,ante-,nic5e textual hi/ory1 x w\ld h be5 /range if ?is text1 z a :ole1 _h f\nd mu* fav\r4 ,a few scatt]$ ,we/]n read+s h long be5 approv$ by good textual critics on transcriptional & to a great ext5t insuffici5t gr\nds2 & 9 ,tis*5dorf's la/ edition _! numb] has be5 augm5t$1 ow+ to ! mis9t]pret$ accession ( ! ,s9ai ,,ms4 to ! atte/+ docum5ts4 ,to "o small & peculi> class ( ,we/]n read+s1 exclusively omissions1 we %all ourselves h to call att5tion z hav+ exceptional claims to adoption4 #bjb 7p4 #adi74 ,9 spite ( ! prodigi\s am\nt ( error :i* ,d conta9s1 ^! read+s1 9 :i* x su/a9s & is su/a9$ by o!r docum5ts d]iv$ f v anci5t texts ( o!r types1 r5d] x (t5 invaluable = ! secure recov]y ( ! true text2 &1 ap>t f ?is direct applicability1 no o!r s+le s\rce ( evid5ce1 except ! quotations ( ,orig51 surpasses x 9 value on ! equally important gr\nd ( hi/orical or indirect in/ructiv5ess4 ,to :at ext5t its unique read+s are due to lic5ce on ! "p ( ! scribe r ?an to fai?ful reproduction ( an antec$5t text n[ o!rwise lo/1 x is impossible to say2 b x is rem>kable h[ frequ5tly ! discov]y ( fre% evid5ce1 especially ,old-,lat9 evid5ce1 supplies a second au?ority = read+s 9 :i* ,d _h hi!rto /ood alone4 #bdj 7p4 #age74 ,on ! o!r h& !re rema91 z has be5 be=e intimat$ 7 #agj71 a few o!r ,we/]n read+s ( simil> =m1 :i* we _c d\bt to be g5u9e 9 spite ( ! exclusively ,we/]n "* ( _! atte/ation4 ,!y are all omissions1 or1 to speak m correctly1 non-int]polations ( v>i\s l5g?1 t is to say1 ! orig9al record has "h1 to ! be/ ( our belief1 suff]$ int]polation 9 all ! extant non-,we/]n texts4444 ,) a s+le peculi> exception 7,matt4 xxvii4 #di71 9 :i* ! extrane\s words are omitt$ by ! ,syrian z well z by ! ,we/]n text1 ! ,we/]n non-int]polations are conf9$ to ! la/ ?ree *apt]s ( ,/4 ,luke4 #bda4 ,^! exceptional in/ances ( ! pres]vation ( ! orig9al text 9 exclusively ,we/]n read+s are likely to h _h an exceptional orig94 ,9 ! edition ( #ahif1 ! surviv+ editor 7,we/cott7 app5ds an ,additional ,note :i* conta9s a fur!r exce$+ly valuable admission 9 ! same direction4 ,x is z foll[s3-- ,note to p4 #aba1 #agj 7p4 #cbh73 8,! ,essays ( ,dr4 ,*ase on ,! ,syriac ,elem5t 9 ,codex ,bezae1 ,cambridge1 #ahic1 & ,! ,syro-,lat9 ,text ( ! ,gospels1 ,cambridge1 #ahie1 are a mo/ important contribution to ! solution ( a fundam5tal problem 9 ! hi/ory ( ! text ( ! ,n4,t4 ,! discov]y ( ! ,s9aitic ,,ms4 ( ! ,old ,syriac raises ! "q :e!r ! comb9ation ( ! olde/ types ( ! ,syriac & ,lat9 texts c outweigh ! comb9ation ( ! prim>y ,greek texts4 ,a c>eful exam9ation ( ! passages 9 :i* ,syrs9 & k are array$ aga9/ ,b1 w\ld po9t to ! conclusion40 ,! prop] title ( ,*ase's ,essays is ,! ,old ,syriac1 "u :i* %ort] 7outside7 title ,zahn also quotes !m 7,e9l41 ii4 #cdh74 ,?is /atem5t by ,we/cott s\nds /range aft] ! rem>k made 9 ! ,preface4 8,= ! re/10 he says !re1 8,i may p]haps be all[$ to say t no argum5ts h be5 advanc$ aga9/ ! g5]al pr9ciples ma9ta9$ 9 ! ,introduction & illu/rat$ 9 ! ,notes s9ce ! publication ( ! ,fir/ ,edition1 :i* 7 n fully consid]$ by ,dr4 ,hort & myself 9 ! long c\rse ( our "w1 & 9 our judgm5t dealt ) accurately4--,auckl& ,ca/le1 ,m>* #bg1 #ahif4 ,b4 ,f4 ,d40 ,footnote #bch3 ,see my ,philologica ,sacra1 p4 #c1 :]e ,i h cit$ ?is passage ( ,lag>de4 ,8 book may n be v accessible to textual critics4 ,footnote #bci3 8,?\ %alt wor%ip no manuscripts0 0 "o ( ! t5 comm&m5ts t ,lehrs gave philologi/s4 ,footnote #bdj3 ,?is passage 0 ! subject ( a heat$ discussion betwe5 ,sev]us & ,mac$onius at ,con/ant9ople 9 ! ye> #eaj4 ,on ?is occasion ! sup]b copy ( ,mat!w's ,gospel1 :i* _h be5 discov]$ 9 ! grave ( ,b>nabas 9 ! reign ( ! ,emp]or ,z5o1 0 br\ght ^u ! sc5e4 ,footnote #bda3 ,comp>e :at ,we/cott & ,hort say ( ,:i/on & ,bornemann1 cit$ above1 p4 #bbb1 & p>ticul>ly ! section on ! tw(old rec5sion ( ! ,acts 9 ,zahn's ,e9leitung1 ii4 #ei1 pp4 #cch-cei4 ,see also ,burkitt's ,introduction to ,b>n>d's ,biblical ,text ( ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria 7,texts & ,/udies1 v4 #e71 especially p4 xviii3 8,let u come out ( ! l& ( ,egypt1 :i* speaks1 z ,clem5t's quotations %[1 ) su* d\btful au?ority1 & let u see :e!r ! agreem5t ( ,ea/ & ,we/1 ( ,edessa & ,c>?age1 w n give u a sur] basis ^u :i* to e/abli% our text ( ! ,gospels40 ,footnote #bdb3 ,att5tion may be direct$ 9 pass+ to ! int]e/+ way 9 :i* ! witnesses are di/ribut$4 ,?us we h 9 v]se #ea1 = ! omission ( 4 4 4 99 ,d ,syrs9 a b d e ff l991 ,aug4 2 v]se #eb1 omit 1 ,d ,syrs9 a b d e ff l1 ,aug4 #a_/a2 v]se #ec1 = ,d a b d e ff l r 7,aug472 7,syrs9 "h has 1 n :i* repres5ts 9 ,luke ii4 #ac1 #bj1 xix4 #cg1 &1 !re=e1 mu/ h read 9 ?is passage74 ,n[ ,i ask1 is x "r to accept ! te/imony ( ,d & its associates 9 v]se #eb1 only to reject x 9 v]se #ec8 ,& :at am\nt ( weight is add$ to ! te/imony ( ,d by ! addition ( t ( 998 ,s*ill] says 9 ,tell3 8,! /rong is mightie/ alone3 unit$ e'en ! weak are /rong0--h[ f> are bo? ^! notions true 9 textual criticism8 ,footnote #bdc3 ,s ,graefe1 b x is n app>5t :e!r ! t belongs to ?is read+ is to be suppli$ be=e x or aft]4 ,evid5tly he int5ds to read 4 4 ) ! great majority ( witnesses1 & n 4 4 ) ! ,e?iopic v]sion4 ,see ,?4 ,/4 ,kr41 #ahih1 i4 #acf f4 ,! passage is reg>d$ by ,we/cott & ,hort z a good example ( 8conflation10 #adf4 ,footnote #bdd3 ,see n[ ,textkritik d] vi] ,evangeli51 pp4 #dh1 #aha4 ,footnote #bde3 is n giv5 9 ,crem]'s ,diction>y among ! synonyms ( 1 & is only cit$ on p4 #faj ) ! read+ f ?is passage4 ,footnote #bdf3 ,see ,hilg5feld1 ,das ,apo/el-,concil na* se9em ursprngli*5 ,wortlaute 9 ! ,zfw,th41 #db 7#ahii71 #a1 #ach-adi4 ,footnote #bdg3 ,h>nack1 ,das ,apo/eldecret 7,acta xv4 #bi7 und die ,blass's*e ,hypo!se1 ,b]l91 #ahii4 ,f ! ,sitzungsb]i*te d] preuss4 ,akad4 d] ,wiss4 ,notic$ 9 ! ,expository ,times = ,june #ahii1 p4 #cie f4 ,see also ! ,b]l9] philologis*e ,wo*5s*rift ( ! #ac? ,may #ahii4 ,footnote #bdh3 ,see critical note 9 ! ,expositor's ,greek ,te/am5t 7,kn[l+71 9 loco4 ,footnote #bdi3 ,cf4 ! passage ( ,h]mas cit$ above1 p4 #dg4 ,footnote #bej3 ,a good example is se5 9 ,ezek4 xvi4 #c4 ,9 ! ,sixt9e edition ( #aehf a new page 7#fib7 occurs 9 ! middle ( ! s5t5ce 1 ) ! result t ! eight words f ! fir/ to ! second are pr9t$ twice by a recessive homoioteleuton1 :ile 9 ,codex #fb !y h dropp$ out altoge!r ow+ to a =w>d error ( ! same sort4 ,! =m] mi/ake is tacitly correct$ 9 all repr9ts1 b ! latt] c\ld n be detect$ f ! context alone )\t o!r te/imony4 ,comp>e also ,m>k ix4 #aj 9 codex ,t ( ! ,vulgate & ff ( ! ,old ,lat94 ,9 ! =m] ! passage f resurrexit to resurrexit is repeat$1 9 ! latt] x is omitt$4 ,footnote #bea3 ,i _h a tea*] once :o inv>iably tri$ to get ov] any difficulty 9 ! ,greek classics by say+ t ! text 0 corrupt$ by homoioteleuton4 ,we did n always agree ) him2 he 0 p]haps a little too ready ) ?is way out ( a difficulty1 b any "o ) exp]i5ce kn[s h[ v apt ?is mi/ake is to occur4 ,footnote #beb3 ,?is applies to pr9t$ editions z well z to manuscripts4 ,van ,ess's repr9t ( ! ,sixt9e ,septuag9t 7#ahbd7 is v c>efully done1 yet five words h dropp$ out 9 ,joel iii4 #i4 ,^! are omitt$ 9 all ! lat] editions ( #ahce1 #ahee 7novis curis correcta71 #ahfh1 & #ahgi1 & 7 only suppli$ by myself 9 #ahhg on ! occasion ( ! ?ird c5t5>y ( ! ,sixt9e edition4 ,!y are omitt$ 9 ,tis*5dorf's fir/ edition ( #ahej1 & also 9 ! second ( #ahef4 ,footnote #bec3 ,9 anci5t times p always read al\d1 ev5 :5 read+ by !mselves4 ,footnote #bed3 ,scriv5] w\ld expla9 ! 8rem>kable confusion0 ( ! two prepositions & 1 :5 comp\nd$ ) v]bs1 :i* we meet e4g4 9 ,matt4 xxvi4 #ci2 ,m>k xiv4 #ce2 ,acts xii4 #f2 xvii4 #e1 #bf2 xx4 #e1 #ac2 xxii4 #be1 by say+ t ! symbol ,symbol3 an abbreviation made ( a rho "* writt5 on top ( a block ) ?ree l9es4 is us$ indiff]5tly = & 9 ! ,h]culanean rolls1 & "h & !re 9 ,codex ,s9aiticus4 ,see+ t x has become a bad habit 9 ,hebrew ,gramm>s to speak ( ,aleph pro/heticum in/ead ( pro!ticum1 & t ! practice is /ill def5d$ 7,ges5ius-,kautzs*#bf1 p4 #fd1 n4 #c1 8rightly s07 aft] my notice ( x 7,m>g9ali51 p4 #fg71 ,i h giv5 "s little att5tion to ?is confusion1 & c\ld cite doz5s ( examples4 ,o!rs1 ( c\rse1 h notic$ x z well z myself4 ,9 8 ,n4,t41 i4 #bj1 ,b4 ,weiss says3 8,! comp\nds ) & are int]*ang$ q he$lessly10 & he cites 9 pro( ( ?is eight passages f ! ,acts4 ,he writes simil>ly 9 ii4 #cd4 ,i %all in/ance only "o or two cases 9 connection ) ?is same ^w 4 ,pitra on ,apo/4 ,con/41 #e1 #ag 7p4 #cbe73 re/ituimus cum ,vatican4 #b1 #c1 #d1 #e1 vulgo 2 ,exc]pta 1 ed4 ,r4 ,s*neid] 7,programme ( ,duisburg1 #ahie71 :]e ! manuscripts deviate 9 five passages1 pp4 #e1 #ad4 #bj2 #f1 #e2 #ac1 #g4 #ac1 & we read 9 #aj1 1 etc41 & 9 #aa1 ' 1 1 4 ,bo? times1 ( c\rse1 x %\ld be 1 z ! bett] manuscripts h x4 ,:]ev] m5tion is made ( ! 8%ewbread10 ,d inv>iably turns x into 8extra bread10 by read+ in/ead ( 4 ,tis*5dorf fir/ call$ att5tion to ?is 9 ,luke vi4 #d1 b x occurs also 9 ,matt4 xii4 #d4 ,i h no d\bt myself t 9 ! case ( v]bal =ms1 ! 0 ins]t$ 9 ord] to avoid ! hiatus be=e ! augm5t4 ,comp>e = 1 ,ex4 xxiv4 #bc2 1 ,ps4 lxxxix4 #h1 ,symma*us2 or 1 ,gal4 i4 #af4 ,9 ,wisdom1 vii4 #bg1 ! fir/ h& ( ,s9aiticus ev5 writes = prophets4 ,x is disput$ :e!r ! title ( "o ( ,philo's books is or 4 ,etc4 etc4 ,sapi5ti sat4 ,footnote #bee3 ,we f9d all ! possible p]mutations ( ! words 9 ,john viii4 #ab4 ,see my note on ,codex ,purpureus ,petropolitanus 7,n7 9 ,hilg5feld's ,zeits*rift fr wiss5s*aftli*e ,!ologie1 #db 7#ahii71 p4 #fbc4 ,footnote #bef3 ,see ,h>nack1 ,das ,magnificat d] ,elisabe? 7,lukas i4 #df-ee7 9 ! ,b]l9] ,sitzungsb]i*te ( ! #ag? ,may #aijj1 p4 #ech ff4 ,a good example ( h[ glosses may creep into ! text is af=d$ by ,philo 8,quod det40 #aa 7,cohn1 #a1 #bff74 ,footnote #beg3 ,on ! influ5ce ( a sy/em ( p]icop on ! text ( ,codex ,d1 see ,scriv5]'s ,introduction to 8 edition ( ! manuscript1 p4 li1 & ,zahn1 ,e9l41 ii4 #cee4 ,footnote #beh3 ,see ,seml]'s edition ( ,j4 ,j4 ,wet/e9ii libelli ad cris9 atque int]pretationem ,n4,t41 ,halae1 #agff4 ,footnote #bei3 7#a7 ,lectio quae 9 vet]ibus lat9is non app>et probabilior e/4 7#b7 ,codices qui cum graecis ,b ,l concordant pl]umque textum ,hi]onymianum o/5dunt4 ,footnote #bfj3 ,9 view ( ! frequ5cy ) :i* ! witnesses fluctuate betwe5 & 1 & 1 etc41 x is impossible to adju/ _! claims on any m]e ari?metical pr9ciple4 ,zahn 7,e9l41 ii4 #fa7 calls att5tion to an important consid]ation 9 support ( ! read+ 9 #b ,pet] i4 #d1 :i* applies to o!r passages z well--viz41 8t :5 ! ,new ,te/am5t epi/les 7 read at div9e s]vice1 w\ld v readily & v frequ5tly be sub/itut$ = 1 :i* exclud$ ! read] or prea*]40 ,comp>e ,acts iv4 #ab3 --1 or 8 ,x might be laid d[n z a second rule 9 ?is connection1 t p>ticul> importance atta*es to ^? v]sions 9 :i* ! di/9ction ( ! p]sons does n dep5d simply on a s+le lett] b on a sep>ate ^w 7nobis3 vobis1 etc474 ,9 v]sions ( ?is sort ! orig9al read+ is pres]v$ f ! fir/2 9 ! case ( ! o!rs1 ! *ange c\ld be made at any po9t ( ! transmission1 especially :5 x 0 help$ by ! nature ( ! writ+1 :i* mu/ also1 ( c\rse1 be tak5 into acc\nt4 ,a glance ov] ! v]se enum]ation 9 ! m>g9 ( "o ( ! mod]n editions ( ! text w reveal1 p]haps1 mo/ cle>ly h[ /rong is ! t5d5cy to int]polation4 ,( ! v]ses into :i* ,/eph5 divid$ ! ,greek ,n4,t4 7#aeea71 ! ,/uttg>t edition omits entirely ! foll[+ f ! ,synoptic ,gospels--viz41 ,matt4 xviii4 #aa 7xxi4 #dd1 ,tis*5471 xxiii4 #ad2 ,m>k vii4 #af2 ix4 #dd1 #df2 xi4 #bf2 xv4 #bh2 ,luke xvii4 #cf 7xxi4 #ah1 ,w-,h m>g972 xxiii4 #ag 7xxiv4 #ab1 #dj1 ,tis*474 ,comp>e also ,matt4 xx4 #bh2 xxvii4 #ce1 #ch1 #di2 ,m>k vi4 #aa2 xiii4 #b2 ,luke vi4 #e2 ix4 #ee2 xii4 #ba2 xix4 #de2 xxi4 #ch2 xxii4 #ai f41 #dc f41 #dg2 xxiii4 #b1 #e1 #cd1 #dh1 #ec2 xxiv4 #e1 #cf1 #ea1 #eb4 ,9 ! case ( sev]al v]ses ?is or t "p _h to be omitt$4 ,luke xx4 #cj1 e4g41 is r$uc$ to ! ?ree words1 1 ) ! result t x becomes ! %orte/ v]se 9 ! ,n4,t4 ,footnote #bfa3 ,! be/ discussion ( ! =m w aga9 be f\nd 9 ,zahn1 ,e9l41 i4 #aic4 ,footnote #bfb3 ,see my note 9 ! ,expository ,times = ,july #aijj1 p4 #dgh1 :]e ,i h br\ght =w>d a new witness = ! read+ ,jona?a--viz41 ,j]ome's ,lib] int]pretationis ,hebraicorum nom9um4 ,he expla9s ! ^w z 8columba dans vel columba v5i5s40 ,footnote #bfc3 ,volck has an article ( f\r & a half pages on ,balaam 9 ! ,,pre#c1 iii4 #bbg ff41 b he says n a syllable ab\t ! =m 1 :i* is too bad4 ,9 ,ha/+s' ,diction>y ( ! ,bible x is at lea/ m5tion$ ?\gh n expla9$4 ,footnote #bfd3 is expla9$ z ! ,hebrew =m ( ! ,aramaic by ,c4 ,b4 ,mi*aelis 7,de ,p>onomasia1 #cj72 ,hill]1 ,onoma/icum1 #agjf1 p4 #ecf2 & ,b]n>dus 79 ,m>ck1 ,9 praecipuas quasdam p>tes ,p5tateu*i ,comm5t>ius1 ,leyd51 #agac1 #cff74 ,m>ck himself makes x ! equival5t ( 4 ,m4 ,m4 ,kali%1 ,bible ,/udies1 i4 ,! prophecies ( ,bileam1 ,london1 #ahgg1 contributes no?+ to ! solution ( ! "q4 ,,critical ,,notes ,,on ,,v>i\s ,,passages ,,( ,,! ,,new ,,te/am5t4 ,,! ,,gospel4 ,mat!w4 ,) reg>d to ! title1 ,we/cott & ,hort say 7,introduction1 #dbc1 p4 #cba73 8,9 prefix+ ! "n 9 ! s+ul> to ! quat]nion ( #8! ,gospels1' we h wi%$ to supply ! antec$5t :i* alone gives an adequate s5se to ! preposition 9 ! sev]al titles4 ,! idea1 if n ! "n1 ( a collective #8,gospel' is impli$ ?r\gh\t ! well-kn[n passage 9 ! ?ird book ( ,ir5u1 :o d\btless receiv$ x f e>li] g5]ations4 ,x evid5tly prec$$ & produc$ ! common] usage by :i* ! t]m ,gospel d5otes a s+le writt5 repres5tation ( ! "o fundam5tal ,gospel40 ,comp>e ,zahn1 ,,gk41 i4 #ajf ff42 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #agb ff41 #agh f43 8,( rec5t editors1 ,we/cott & ,hort h mo/ fai?fully int]pret$ ! orig9al idea by sett+ on ! fly-leaf1 & 1 etc41 ov] ! sep>ate books40 ,i h foll[$ ! same pr9ciple 9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts prefix$ to ! ,/uttg>t edition ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,comp>e above1 pp4 #afd1 #afe4 ,on ! spell+ 1 in/ead ( 1 comp>e on ! "o h& ! ,,lxx4 manuscripts1 :i* exhibit ! =ms 1 1 2 1 1 7see ,supplem5t ,i4 to ,hat* & ,r$pa?'s ,concordance to ! ,septuag9t71 & on ! o!r1 ,blass's ,grammatik des neute/am5tli*5 ,grie*is*1 #c1 #aa 7,engli% ,trans4 by ,?ack]ay1 #ahih1 p4 #aa74 i4 #af4 ,!re are ?ree =ms ( ! text "h-- 7#a7 1 3 all our ,greek uncials & almo/ all ! m9uscules4 7#b7 1 7 7 3 mo/ ( ! ,old ,lat9 7a d g#a k q1 ) b c simil>ly71 ,curetonian ,syriac1 ,arm5ian1 & f\r m9uscules--viz41 #cdf1 #eef1 #fbd1 #fbf1 ) slight div]g5cies4 7#c7 1 7or 87 1 3 ! =m und]ly+ ! newly-discov]$ ,s9ai-,syriac4#bfe ,^! read+s are discuss$ 9 ! 8,additional ,note0 to ,notes on ,select ,read+s1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 ,introduction 7#ahif71 p4 #adj ff4 ,read+ 7#b7 is dismiss$ on ext]nal gr\nds z display+ ! *>act]i/ic features ( ! 8,we/]n0 type ( text4 ,read+ 7#c7 is reg>d$ z indep5d5t ( 7#b71 nei!r confirm+ x nor confirm$ by x4 ,tak5 !re=e on its own m]its1 x mu/ yield to ! receiv$ text 7#a71 z x is easi] to suppose t 7#c7 is d]iv$ f 7#a7 ?an vice v]sa4 ,zahn goes fully into ^! v>i\s =ms 7,e9leitung1 ii4 #bia-bic74 ,he beg9s by say+ t x is impossible1 except on a v loose view ( ! facts1 to conclude t ! ,s9ai-,syriac "h pres]ves ! orig9al text1 :i* 0 gradually displac$ = dogmatic reasons by ! modifi$ =m pres5t$ 9 7#b71 & ultimately by t giv5 9 7#a74 ,on ! contr>y1 ! ,curetonian-,syriac pres]ves an e>ly =m ( text1 & "o t _h a pretty wide circulation1 s t x _c be due to an or?odox alt]ation ( ! ,s9ai-,syriac4 8,if x be ! case t ! latt]1 l ! =m]1 is d]iv$ f a ,greek orig9al1 & t ^! two e>lie/ v]sions ( ! #8,di/9ct' ,gospel are n indep5d5t ( ea* o!r b are two rec5sions ( a s+le v]sion1 !n x foll[s t ! rec5sion :i* agrees exactly ) a demon/rably old ,greek text 79 ?is case ! ,curetonian ,syriac7 pres]ves ! orig9al =m ( ! ,syriac v]sion2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 ! "o :i* deviates f all ! ,greek1 ,lat91 & o!r =ms ( ! transmitt$ text 79 ?is case ! ,s9ai-,syriac7 is d]iv$ f ! o!r by a process ( int5tional alt]ation40 ,!re w\ld be no?+ to object to ?is reason+ 7 x n t1 z x seems to me1 !re is a flaw 9 ! second ( ! premises /at$ above1 :i* ( c\rse vitiates ! conclusion4 ,9 ! ma91 x is true t ! ,s9ai-,syriac & ! ,curetonian are n indep5d5t1 b two rec5sions ( a s+le v]sion1 b _! common orig9al 01 z ,zahn himself 0 ! fir/ to sugge/1 ,tatian's ,diatess>on1 :i* did n conta9 ! fir/ *apt] ( ,mat!w's ,gospel4 ,s t ! ,s9ai-,syriac may also g back to a ,greek text 7su* z has be5 discov]$ 9 ! ,dialogue ( ,timo?y & ,aquila1 see above1 p4 #ii71 & be e>li] ?an ! ,curetonian4 ,zahn concludes 8 exam9ation ( ?is passage by say+3 8,we may give up all hope ( f9d+ 9 e>ly manuscripts & v]sions any indication t ,joseph 0 reg>d$ z ! natural fa!r ( ,jesus by ! writ]s ( lo/ ,gospels :i* may h be5 employ$ 9 ! composition ( ! canonical ,mat!w & ,luke4 ,a writ] l ,mat!w1 ^: purpose 0 to sil5ce ! calumnies rais$ aga9/ ! miracul\s bir? ( ! ,messiah1 & :o knew h[ to utilise ! smalle/ details ( an intractable g5ealogy to ?is end1 _c at ! same "t h accept$ 9 8 n>rative /atem5ts directly contradict+ 8 view ( t occurr5ce4 ,any text ( ,mat!w's ,gospel conta9+ su* features w\ld be pre-condemn$ z "o t _h be5 tamp]$ ) 9 a mann] contr>y to ! conception ( ! au?or40 i4 #ah4 ,! read+ is n[ support$ by ! newly-discov]$ ,oxyrhyn*us ,papyrus4 ,x 0 adopt$ 9 ! text by ,vignon 7,g5eva1 #aegd74 ,orig5 knew no o!r read+ ?an 1 :i* is also atte/$ by ,l 7,codex ,d is defective "h74 ,we/cott & ,hort h accord+ly giv5 x a place 9 _! ,app5dix4 ,weiss expla9s x z an alt]ation made 9 con=mity ) ! v]bal =ms 1 1 occurr+ 9 ! previ\s "p ( ! *apt]4 ,zahn 7,e9leitung1 ii4 #bgj1 #bhi7 ?9ks x is probably orig9al4 ,! two olde/ & ! late/ ,syriac h a diff]5t ^w "h f t 9 i4 #a4 ,^! agree ) ,ir5u 9 ! omission ( 4 ,zahn ?9ks ?is is probably correct4 i4 #be4 ,on 1 see above1 p4 #aff1 & ! ,ox=d ,debate1 p4 #d ff4 v4 #be4 ,on 1 see ,lag>de1 ,de ,novo1 #bj 7,ges4 ,abhdl41 #ahh72 quem ,mat?aei locum quum imit>etur et rid]et ,lucianus 9 ,navigio #ce1 non f]ebat3 ' 1 4 vi4 #a4 1 99 ,b ,d ,syrs93 1 mo/ au?orities3 a3 8y\r gifts10 ,syrcu4 ,zahn 7,e9l41 ii4 #caa7 asks :e!r ^! v>iants may n g back to a "t :5 ! ,aramaic ,gospel 0 int]pret$ orally 9 ^! diff]5t ways8 ,! agreem5t exhibit$ betwe5 a & ,syrcu is p>ticul>ly /range4 vi4 #ac4 ,!re is a consid]able am\nt ( unanimity n[ ) reg>d to ! doxology :i* us$ to be s mu* discuss$4 ,among ! witnesses support+ its ins]tion are ,syrcu1 :i*1 h[ev]1 omits 1 & ! ,sahidic1 :i* omits 4 ,syrs9 is un=tunately lo/ "h4 ,9 addition to ! te/imony previ\sly kn[n = ! ins]tion ( ! ,doxology1 !re is n[ t ( ! ,tea*+ ( ! ,apo/les1 "o ( ! e>lie/ ,*ur* writ+s4 ,b ! v fact t ! ,tea*+ is a ,*ur* "w reveals ! s\rce ( ! ,doxology--viz4 liturgical use4 ,! ,conclusion 0 e>ly add$ 9 ,*ur* wor%ip f ,old ,te/am5t analogies2 9 ! ,fir/ ,gospel x is out ( place4 ,! ,greek manuscripts f :i* ,j]ome made 8 v]sion knew no?+ ( x1 & accord+ly ! ,ca?olic ,*ur* omits x to ?is day4 ,lu!r also pass$ x ov] 9 8 ,cate*ism1 9 :i* ! exposition ( ! ,conclusion is limit$ to ! ^w 8,am510 & says1 8x is add$ t ,i may h ! assurance t my pray] w be he>d40 ,9 ! ,greek ,*ur* ! ,am5 0 expla9$ z equival5t to 1 8s may x be40 viii4 #g4 ,fritzs*e 7#ahbf7 took ?is v]se z a "q ( surprise4 ,?is view has be5 r5ew$ by ,zahn 7,e9l41 ii4 #cjg74 viii4 #bd4 ,! words 8erat enim v5tus contr>ius eis10 :i* are f\nd 9 "o manuscript ( ! ,vulgate 9 ,w-,w aft] 8m>i10 & 9 f\r aft] 8fluctibus10 are an int]polation f ,m>k vi4 #dh4 ,tis*5dorf cites two ,greek m9uscules 9 support ( x4 ,lag>de's ,vi5na ,arabic manuscript 7see p4 #adc7 m5tions x z an addition ( ! 8,roman0 v]sion4 xi4 #ai4 ,s*lottman & ,lag>de expla9 ! v>iation betwe5 & z a confusion ( ! ,aramaic 7s]vant3 7 & 7"w74 ,see ,zahn1 ,e9l41 ii4 #caa f41 & comp>e also ,salmon1 ,"s ,?\ghts etc41 p4 #aba f4 ,x is /ill to be %[n1 h[ev]1 t is ev] us$ z ! equival5t ( 4 ,hilg5feld 7,zfw,th41 #db4 #d1 p4 #fbi7 ref]s to #d ,esdras vii4 #fd 7#acd71 :]e ! ,lat9 & ! fir/ ,arabic v]sion read 8quasi suis op]ibus10 ! ,e?iopic 8quasi filiis suis10 & ! ,syriac 8quia s]vi eius sumus40 xii4 #cf4 ,see on xviii4 #g4 xiii4 #ce4 is n[ atte/$ only by 991 two memb]s ( ! ,f]r> gr\p1 & "s o!r m9uscules1 b ,eusebius & ,j]ome f\nd x 9 sev]al manuscripts1 & x 0 us$ /ill e>li] by ,porphyrius z a pro( ( ,mat!w's ignorance4 ,x is c]ta9ly1 !re=e1 g5u9e1 al?\gh x is omitt$ by ,syrs91 ,syrcu1 by ! 8accurate0 manuscripts accord+ to ,eusebius1#bff & by ! 8vulgata editio0 accord+ to ,j]ome4 ,! conjecture ( ! latt]1 t 0 ! orig9al read+1 :i* 0 *ang$ to by "s un9tellig5t copyi/ & !n dropp$ z incorrect1 only s]ves to %[ :at sort ( ideas he _h ) reg>d to textual criticism4 ,! ass]tion ( ! ,brevi>ium 9 ,psalmos1 p4 #ei f41 t all ! old manuscripts read 89 ,asaph propheta0 is pure fiction4 ,comp>e 9 ,matt4 xxvii4 #i1 :]e "o w\ld expect 1 & :]e we f9d t is omitt$ by "s witnesses & replac$ 9 o!rs by or 8,esaiam40 8,esaiam0 has also crept into ! ,vulgate manuscript rus 7,w-,w's ,r74 ,on ! ins]tion1 omission1 & int]*ange ( su* names1 see ,w-,h's discussion ( ?is passage1 & ! 8,supplem5t>y ,note0 by ,burkitt on ,syrs9 9 ! edition ( #ahif1 p4 #adc4 ,= an int]e/+ ex*ange ( names 7,jonah & ,nahum71 see ,tobit1 xiv4 #h4 ,asaph is call$ 9 #b ,*ron4 xxix4 #cj4 ,comp>e ,zahn1 ,e9l41 ii4 #cac f4 ,weiss#i w\ld omit ! ^w on ! gr\nd ( insuffici5t te/imony z be+ simply introduc$ f iii4 #c1 iv4 #ad1 viii4 #ag1 & xii4 #ag4 xiv4 #c4 ,zahn 7,e9l41 ii4 #cji7 ?9ks x extremely improbable t ,d & c]ta9 important ,lat9 witnesses %\ld h remov$ ! 7wrong7 "n1 ,philip1 f ?is passage on ! gr\nd ( _! bett] k1 :ile all[+ x to /& )\t exception 9 ,m>k vi4 #ag4 ,he believes r t !y h pres]v$ ! orig9al text1 & t is "h an int]polation f ! passage 9 ,m>k4 ,weiss#i1 on ! o!r h&1 sees no reason :y x %\ld be ei!r bracket$ or omitt$4 ,! possibility ( its be+ ins]t$ is %[n by ! fact t x also crept into six or sev5 manuscripts ( ,j]ome1 collat$ by ,w-,w4 ,?is is "o ( ! passages :]e ,tis*5dorf 9 8 sev5? edition frankly pref]r$ ,codex ,d to all ! o!r ,greek witnesses4 xv4 #d;b4 ,= 1 ,syrcu has 1 evid5tly 9 accordance ) ,exod4 xxi4 #ag4 ,9 ! ,arabic ,diatess>on 7 #bj1 #bc7 ! second half ( ?is v]se seems to be replac$ by ,m>k vii4 #aj;b4 ,aft] 8morte moriatur0 9 ?is passage1 ,ephraem adds 8et qui blasphemat ,deum crucifigatur10 :i* ,zahn 7,=s*41 i4 #aeg7 ?9ks he mu/ h f\nd 9 8 orig9al4 ,?is apocryphal addition1 :i* has no o!r te/imony ?an t ( ,ephraem1 does n seem to ,zahn l a passage t _h be5 aft]w>ds remov$ f ! text ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ) complete success 7,=s*41 i4 #bda74 ,! correct explanation ( ! words is giv5 by ,h>ris3 !y are ! ,pe%itto r5d]+ ( ,deut4 xxi4 #bc4 ,comp>e ,driv]'s ,deut]onomy on ! passage1 & ! ref]5ce !re made to ,lightfoot's ,galatians 7,ext5d$ ,note on iii4 #ac1 n9? edition1 p4 #aeb f474 ,symma*us also r5d]s ! words3 8propt] blasphemiam ,dei susp5sus e/10 :ile ,onkelos says 1 & ,siphre 4 ,?is %\ld be not$ 9 connection ) ,matt4 xxvi4 #fe1 & /ill m s ) ,john xix4 #g4 ,! only passage usually cit$ !re is ,levit4 xxiv4 #af1 accord+ to :i* ,jesus %\ld h be5 /on$4 ,our comm5tators pass too ha/ily ov] ! "q :y ! ,jews insi/$ on crucifixion in/ead ( /on+4 xvi4 #ah;b1 #ai4 ,s f> z ! criticism ( ! text is conc]n$1 !re is no occasion = ent]+ on ! discussion :e!r ?is passage1 l ! "o resembl+ x 9 xviii4 #ae-ah1 is orig9al or n4 ,!re may1 h[ev]1 be cases 9 :i* "o _c ov]look ! fact t :]e ! 8l[]0 criticism ends ! 8high]0 beg9s4 ,comp>e1 on ! "o side1 ,zahn1 ,=s*41 i4 #bdd ff41 & on ! o!r1 ,res*1 ,logia1 p4 #ee2 ,p>alleltexte1 ii4 #ahg-aif1 #dda4 xvi4 #bb4 ,! peculi> read+1 8compati5s10 :i* is f\nd 9 ! ,arabic ,tatian 7,j4 ,h4 ,hill1 p4 #acg1 #bc4 #db3 ,zahn1 ,,gk41 ii4 #edf71 & :i* ,sell9 has also trac$ 9 ,ephraem1 is n[ expla9$ by ! ,syrs9 ( ,m>k viii4 #cb3 see my note 9 ,lewis1 ,"s ,pages1 p4 xiii4 ,! v same play ^u ! words 1 8to pity10 & 1 8to be f> f10 is f\nd z late z 9 ! ,hi/oire de ,m>-,jabalaha1 de trois autres patri>*es1 ed4 ,b$jan1 #ahie1 p4 #djg1 l9e #ad2 p4 #djh1 l9e #d4 ,= a mom5t ,i ?\ght ( & 9 ,m>k i4 #da4 xviii4 #g4 ,! ,dictum ,agraphum 1 ' 1 :i*1 accord+ to ! ,clem5t9e ,homilies 7xii4 #bi71 1 0 kn[n also to ,ephraem 7cf4 ,zahn1 ,=s*41 i4 #bda f4 on #ej4 #d74 ,an exact p>allel to ?is 8h>mless expansion ( ! canonical text0 is se5 9 ! =m :i* ,matt4 xii4 #cf assum$ 9 ,codex ,c ( ! ,pale/9ian ,syriac ,evangeli>ium3 t 8= e good ^w t m5 d n speak !y %all give acc\nt0 7see ,lewis1 ,9 ! ,%ad[ ( ,s9ai 7#ahih71 pp4 #bef-bfa2 & !reon1 ,th,lz41 #ahii1 col4 #agg74 xviii4 #bj4 ,on ! =m 9 :i* ?is say+ is f\nd 9 ! ,oxyrhyn*us ,logia1 comp>e ,ephraem 7,moes+] #afe71 8ubi unus e/ ibi et ego sum40 ,zahn believes t ,ephraem f\nd ?is 9 8 text1 b t ,aphraates1 :o also has x1 arriv$ at x by way ( a 8spiritual int]pretation0 ( ! canonical words4 ,aft] quot+ ! comm5ts ( ,aphraates on ^! words1 ,zahn says3 8,x appe>s c]ta91 !re=e1 t ,aphraates did n f9d 9 8 text ! apocryphal s5t5ce giv5 9 ,ephraem1 b by way ( int]pretation rea*$ ! same ?\ght t ,ephraem f\nd 9 8 text z a ^w ( com=t spok5 by ,jesus to ! lonely4 7,ephraem introduces ! say+ ) ! words3 #8,he com=t$ !m 9 ,8 say+4'7 ,! int]pretation1 :i* may n h be5 orig9al 9 ,aphraates1 became fir/ a gloss & !n "p ( ! text ( ,tatian's ,h>mony40 ,?is %\ld be notic$ 9 connection ) ! ,oxyrhyn*us ,logion4 ,see ,burkitt 9 ! ,introduction to ,b>n>d's ,biblical ,text ( ,clem5t 7,texts & ,/udies1 v4 #e1 p4 xiv74 xx4 #ac4 ,! peculi> =m ( ! h\sehold]'s reply giv5 9 ,syrcu1 7,bae?g51 7 is ignor$ by ,tis*5dorf4 ,our comm5tators also err 9 n tak+ note ( ! v>iant = 4 ,comp>e ! simil> v>iation 9 ,john viii4 #eg2 also ,luke xviii4 #bj1 1 read by ! ,m>cionites in/ead ( 2 & ,ephes4 v4 #ad1 1 d]iv$ ?r\gh a presuppos$ read+1 4 9 ,matt4 xx4 #ac is also atte/$ by ,syrs91 :i* agrees ) ! common text 9 ! fir/ memb] ( ! v]se4 ,x is also f\nd 9 ! newly-discov]$ purple manuscript 9 ,p>is4 ,! ,arabic ,tatian agrees ) ! usual text 9 bo? memb]s4 ,on ! /range mixture ( ?is v]se & ,luke xvi4 #be 9 ,petrus ,siculus 71 7 see ,zahn1 ,,gk41 ii4 #dde4 xx4 #af4 ,! conclud+ memb] ( ?is v]se is n[ rightly omitt$ ) ,b ,l ,z & ! ,egyptian v]sions4 ,all ! ,syriac v]sions h x1 includ+ ! newly-discov]$ ,syrs94 ,x is wor? obs]v+ t ! v]se ) ?is addition =ms ! close ( a lection 9 ,syrhi]4 xx4 #bh4 ,we/cott & ,hort devote "o ( _! 8,notes on ,select ,read+s0 to ! addition to ?is v]se1 & 9 ! edition ( #ahif ,burkitt adds t x _c h /ood 9 ,syrs91 because !re 0 n room = x on ! leaf t is miss+ betwe5 ,matt4 xx4 #bd & xxi4 #bj4 ,accord+ to ,w-,h ! passage is ,we/]n1 be+ atte/$ by ,d among ! ,greek manuscripts & by ! ,lat9 & ,syriac v]sions4 8,! fir/ "p only1 --1 is pres]v$ 9 m1 g]1 & app>5tly ,leo1 :o quotes no m2 ! second "p only1 --1 9 g]#b & app>5tly ,hil>y4 ,! fir/ "p mu/ come f an indep5d5t s\rce1 writt5 or oral2 ! second probably comes f ! same1 b x is 9 sub/ance id5tical ) ,luke xiv4 #h-aj40 ,tis*5dorf /ates t ( ! ,old ,lat91 f\r 7f g#b l q7 omit ! section1 :i*1 h[ev]1 is f\nd 9 c d e ff#a1 #b g#a h 7m7 n1 two manuscripts ( ! ,vulgate 7&4 emm471 ! ,old ,g]man1 & ! ,saxon4 ,to ^! ,w-,w add also ! ,old ,lat9 r1 two manuscripts ( ! ,vulgate n usually employ$ by !m1 &1 ( ^? =m+ ! basis ( _! edition1 ,hmg ,o--i4e4 ! ,!odulfian ,rec5sion4 ,a h& ( ! t5? c5tury has writt5 on ! m>g9 ( ,o1 8mirum unde i/ud additum3 cum ,lucas p>abolam de invitatis ad nuptias et primos accubitus elig5tibus decimo canone1 ubi ,m7at?aeu7s sua non communia dicit ref]at40 ,?is resembles ! m>g9al note atta*$ to ! passage by ,?omas ( ,h]aclea 7n giv5 by ,jos4 ,:ite1 b by ,adl]1 f ,cod4 ,assem41 #a73 ,haec quidem 9 exemplis antiquis 9 ,luca tantum leguntur capite #ec3 inv5iuntur autem 9 exemplis graecis#bfg hoc loco3 quapropt] hic etiam a nobis adiecta sunt4 ,! ^w 1 :i* ,res* took f ?is passage into ! text ( 8 ,logia ,jesu1 = 1 f\nd 9 ,luke xiv4 #i1 %\ld itself h provok$ inve/igation4 ,! only ,lat9 witnesses :i* r5d] x 9 a sub/antive =m are d1 :i* has co5ae invitator bo? times1 & m1 :i* has invitator ! fir/ "t4 ,! o!rs give x z a relative clause 7qui vocavit1 invitavit71 s t !y may h read x 9 ! =m 9 :i* x /&s 9 our pres5t text ( ,luke4#bfh ,x is impossible n to believe t "s connection exi/s betwe5 ^! sub/antive expressions & ! ,syriac 1 8ma/] ( ! fea/10 :i* is f\nd 9 ,syrcu & ,syrs91 & is also giv5 by ,aphraates1 = 9 ,luke xiv4 #ab 7,aphr4 #chh1 #ab-ai2 ,zahn1 ,=s*41 i4 #he1 note74 ,syrcu has x bo? times 9 ?is passage ( ,mat!w4#bfi ,b5gel1 l our mod]n expositors1 says no?+ ( ! int]polation 9 8 ,gnomon1 & 8 view ) respect to x has1 !re=e1 to be ga!r$ f 8 app>atus4 8,int]jicit cod4 ,lat4 vetu/issimus ,vos autem1 etc4 444 ,vid4 ,ri*4 ,simon1 ,obs4 ,n\v41 p4 #ca4 ,et sic f]e ,cant4 7i4e41 ,d7 cuius lectio passim ex/at4 ,idem v]o ,codex ,graeca sua ad ,lat9a haec1 quae modo exscripsimus1 confecit3 ,lat9a autem sua1 sub manu1 vehem5tius int]polavit1 magno argum5to lic5tiae suae4 ,e&em p]io*am legit ,juv5cus1 ,hil>ius3 hab5tque praet]ea codd4 ,lat4 aliquot1 et inde ,sax4 ,ex4 ,luc4 xiv4 #h f41 int]v5i5te =san ,evangelio ,naz>aeorum 444 ,priorem duntaxat p>tem1 #8,vos autem 444 m9ui' habet alius cod4 ,lat4 antiquiss4 ut si ,libr>ius1 cum describ]e coepisset1 non scrib5dum agnosc]et3 e&emque ,leo ,m4 sic exhibet4 ,et tam5 444 porro ab hoc loco ad ,luc4 xxii4 #bh1 v]bum cresc5di protulit ,cant4 co5aeque invitator ei dicitur 40 ,! tru? is1 ( c\rse1 ! v opposite ( ?is1 z is %[n by ! indicative qua]itis & ! imp]ative ( ! ,syriac1 :i* are bo? d]iv$ f ! ambigu\s 4 ,!re _c be ! slighte/ d\bt ( ?is1 see+ t ! discov]y ( ,codex ,b]at9us 77 has add$ a second ,greek witness 9 support ( ! int]polation4 ,x reads 7cf4 m9or1 c71 omits ! be=e j z m does ) et1 has 9 place ( 7acc$e3 d1 collige71 & ! comp>ative 7utilius7 = ! positive read by ,d d4 ,! ^w also occurs 9 4#bgj ,x is n f\nd 9 ,bekk]'s ,pollux or 9 ,s*mid's ,hesy*ius1 & ! only in/ance t anci5t lexicons are able to cite = its usage is t ( ,a!nu1 :o obs]ves 7#d4 #aga ,b7 t ,artemidorus calls ! by t "n4 ,! note app5d$ 9 ,hase-,d9dorf's ,/ephanus 0 n correct at ! "t ( its publication3 ,quidam codices ,matt4 xx4 #bg1 ,hesy*41 ,wakef4 ,eu/4 ,od41 p4 #adac1 #c2 nor ! quotation f ,ducange3 4 9 ,lex4 ,,ms4 ,cyrilli exp4 4 ,9 ! same "w is cit$ f ,eu/41 ,il41 #gff1 #eh1 & z an explanation ( f ! ,lex4 ,,ms4 ,cyrilli4 ,! ^w !re=e belongs to ! lat] popul> language4 ,! "q is :e!r x may n also belong to ! vocabul>y ( ,tatian4 ,moreov]1 x rem9ds u ( ! equally r>e ^w 9 ,acts iv4 #cd4 ,on ! occurr5ce ( ! passage 9 ,tatian1 see ,zahn1 ,=s*41 i4 #he1 #agi4 ,on ! que/ions connect$ ) its int]polation see ,*ase & p4 #baf above4 xxii4 #bc4 ,we h 9 ?is v]se an illu/ration ( ! diff]5ce caus$ by ! ins]tion or omission ( ! article4 ,if we read ) c ,e ,f ,g etc41 !n ! words introduce ! cre$ ( ! ,sadducees 78:o say10 ,weizsck]3 8memb]s ( t sect :o d5y ! resurrection10 ,/age72 if we omit ) 99 ,b ,d & ,syrs91 we h !n :at !y actually said to ,jesus4 ,b z ?is w\ld be ! only place :]e ,mat!w gave an explanation ( ?is sort reg>d+ ,jewi% affairs1 ! article %\ld be omitt$4 ,see note 9 loco1 ,expositor's ,greek ,te/am5t1 & comp>e ! m>g9 ( ! ,revis$ ,engli% ,v]sion4 xxiii4 #ce4 #a omits 1 :i* is replac$ 9 ! ,gospels ( ! ,hebrews by 8filium ,joiadae40 ,zahn 7,e9l41 ii4 #cjh7 ref]s to ! view ( ,hug1 adopt$ by ,ei*horn & _m o!rs1 t ! au?or1 or r$actor1 or translator ( ,mat!w made ?is ,ze*>iah1 :o is rightly call$ ! son ( ,jehoiada 9 ! ,gospel ( ! ,hebrews1 ! son ( ,b>a*iah 9 ord] to id5tify him ) ! ,ze*>iah1 son ( ,b>u*1 :o 0 murd]$ by ! ,zealots 7,josephus1 ,bell41 iv4 #e4 #d74 ,he po9ts out t ?is w\ld involve a pr$iction on ! "p ( ,jesus1 & t1 moreov]1 ! sc5e ( ! murd] is diff]5t 9 ! two cases3 t ! locality 9 ,matt4 po9ts to #b ,*ron4 xxiv4 #ba1 & t ,mat!w's mi/ake 9 call+ him ! son ( ,b>a*iah is due to a confusion ) ! ,ze*>iah m5tion$ 9 ,isa4 viii4 #b1 or t 9 ,ze*4 i4 #a4 ,x %\ld be obs]v$1 h[ev]1 t ,lucian alone calls ! murd]$ p]son 9 ,*ronicles by ! "n ( ,ze*>iah2 ! ,,lxx calls him ,az>iah4 xxv4 #da4 ,see on ,luke xx4 #ce4 xxvi4 #gc4 0 =m]ly atte/$ by ,d alone1 b has n[ ! fur!r support ( ,syrs94 ,! clause has crept into a great numb] ( manuscripts1 includ+ ev5 ,a1 9 ,m>k xiv4 #gj4 ,!re ,tis*5dorf rem>ks1 8,omn9o e ,mt4 fluxit10 9 :i* he is q "r4 ,b he is wrong :5 he says 8ipsum glossatoris e/40 ,because ! glossator mu/ !n h be5 e>li] ?an ,tatian 7,ciasca1 p4 #hg71 & ! p>5t ( all ^? manuscripts4 ,! conv]se is ! tru?--viz41 t ,d alone pres]ves ! orig9al read+1 & t is ! voice ( ! 4 xxvii4 #i4 ,! "n ( ! prophet1 :i* 0 omitt$ 9 "s manuscripts1 accord+ to ,augu/9e1 is n[ omitt$ only by a b & ! two m9uscules #cc & #aeg4 ,augu/9e also obs]ves t ,mat!w himself w\ld h notic$ 8 mi/ake or _h 8 att5tion call$ to x by o!rs4 ,on ?is comp>e my notes on 9 ,acts iii4 #ad1 :i* ,i h expla9$ by suppos+ t ! au?or read or in/ead ( 7,philologica ,sacra1 p4 #dj2 above1 p4 #agj74 ,orig51 ,eusebius1 & ,j]ome evid5tly /ill f\nd 9 all ! manuscripts4 is suppli$ only by #bb & ,esaiam by #a4 ,see on ,matt4 xiii4 #ce1 & comp>e ,expository ,times1 ,novemb] #aijj1 p4 #fb4 xxvii4 #af4 ,zahn 7,e9l41 ii4 #bid7 po9ts out t ,orig5 also f\nd ,jesus giv5 z ! pr5om5 ( ,b>abbas 89 v anci5t manuscripts10 b t 9 all probability ,tatian did n h x1 see+ t ,b>-,bahlul cites x expressly z ! read+ ( ! 8,di/9ct0 7i4e41 n h>monis$7 ,gospel4 ,j]ome says t 9 ! ,gospel ( ! ,hebrews he 0 call$ by a "n mean+ 8filius magi/ri eorum10 s t he mu/ h be5 ?9k+ n ( ,b>-'abbam b ( ,b>-rabbam4 xxvii4 #di4 ,see above1 p4 #bbg1 & comp>e ,burkitt1 ,texts & ,/udies1 v4 #e1 p4 xix4 xxviii4 #ah4 ,comp>e ,dan4 vii4 #ad;b 7,,lxx71 1 & also ,dan4 vii4 #ac 7 ,matt4 xxvi4 #fd71 vii4 #ad f4 7 ,matt4 xxviii4 #ah74 ,see ! ,engli% ,revis$ ,v]sion ) m>g9al ,ref]5ces 7,ox=d1 #ahii74 ,accord+ to ! subscriptions f\nd 9 v>i\s m9uscules1 ! ,hebrew ,mat!w 0 translat$ into ,greek 8by ,john10 or 8by ,james10 to :i* "s add 8! ,bro!r ( ! ,"l10 or 8by ,b>?olomew1 ! celebrat$ ,apo/le 771 b z o!rs say by ,john ! ,!ologian1 40 ,see ,tis*5dorf1 & ,zahn1 ,e9l41 ii4 #bfg4 ,m>k4 ,z if to en=ce ! desire to :i* ,i h giv5 expression above 7p4 #bdf71 !re has come into my h&s ,blass's ,textkritis*e ,bem]kung5 zu ,m>kus4 ,if ! /atem5ts conta9$ 9 ! introductory rem>ks are correct1 & sc>cely any o!r view is possible 9 ! circum/ances describ$1 !n ! textual criticism ( ! fir/ & second ,gospels is a hopeless matt]4 8,an evangeli/ or tea*] :o obta9$ possession ( ! orig9ally anonym\s ,comm5t>ius c\ld n feel b\nd to respect ! ext]nal =m1 b consid]$ himself ju/ifi$ 9 correct+ x if x seem$ to him to be defective1 & ev5 felt call$ to correct or complete its subject matt]40 ,blass rem9ds u t we h :ole classes ( docum5ts1 leg5ds ( sa9ts e4g41 :i* 7 treat$ ) ! utmo/ possible fre$om by ! copyi/s1 :o 9 fact 7 9 ?is case editors & revis]s4 ,b he says t no "o has treat$ ,m>k q s dra/ically z all ?is4 ,8 summ+ up ( ! matt] is1 t ! critic c (t5 d no m ?an recognise & admit ! e>ly multiplicity1 & t 9 su* a case x 7 be/ to pr9t ! text 9 p>allel columns4 ,at ! same "t he is able to di/+ui% "s ( ! v>iants z lat] falsifications or corruptions4 ,univ]sally tru/wor?y au?orities !re are none2 "h "o gr\p is "r1 !re ano!r1 & we no soon] give !m cr$5ce ?an !y mislead u ) "s fre% error4 ,we are f> remov$1 truly1 f ! confid5ce display$ by ,tis*5dorf 9 ! treatise he publi%$ %ortly be=e 8 dea? 9 #ahgc 9 answ] to ! "q1 8,h we ! g5u9e text ( ! ,evangelical & ,apo/olical writ+s80 ,all ! m urg5tly1 !re=e1 d we ne$ fre% /udies 9 textual criticism1 & _! appe>ance 9 ,g]many is ! m gratify+ on t acc\nt4 ,! ,m>kus-,/udi5 ( ,dr4 ,h4 ,p4 ,*ajes 7,b]l91 #ahii71 h[ev]1 are q beside ! po9t4 ,!y are purely imag9>y1 hav+ nei!r sub/ance nor me?od4 i4 #a4 ,on ! title1 see above2 ,zahn1 ,e9l41 ii4 #bbj ff41 #bce2 ,swete1 9 loco2 & on ?is la/1 ,s4 ,d4 ,f4 ,salmond1 9 ! ,critical ,review1 ,april #ahii1 #bjf f43 8,we d n see1 h[ev]1 :y ,pr(essor ,swete %\ld reg>d ! op5+ v]ses z probably n a "p ( ! orig9al "w4 ,"o might say ! same ( ! :ole p>agraph ) :i* ! ,gospel op5s1 or1 = t matt]1 ! :ole *apt]4 ,! docum5t>y evid5ce is sub/antially ! same 9 ea* case1 & ! int]nal consid]ations are mu* too indet]m9ate40 ,x may be po9t$ out1 z remotely analog\s to ?is1 t be=e ,matt4 i4 #ah ! m>g9 ( h>l 7,z 9 ,w-,w7 conta9s a note 9 a h& ( ! n9? or t5? c5tury to ! effect1 8g5ealogia hucusque3 incipit evangelium secundum ,mat?aeum10 :ile ,y has ! words 8incipit evangelium secundum ,mat?aeum0 9 ! text1 & eight manuscripts beg9 v]se #ah ) capital or r$ lett]s4 ,comp>e ,scriv5]1 ,i4 c4 iii41 on ! divisions ( ! text 9 ,b & o!r manuscripts4 ,= ! way 9 :i* ! op5+ s5t5ces are to be con/ru$1 ref]5ce mu/ be made to ! comm5t>ies4 ,x may be said "h1 h[ev]1 t p>allels may be cit$ f ! ,new ,te/am5t = ea* ( ! ?ree possible con/ructions4 ,^! are 7#a7 4441 444 1 2 7#b7 444 444 4 2 7#c7 444 444 1 4 ,= 7#a7 & 7#b7 comp>e ,luke iii4 #a ff41 & = 7#c7 #a ,tim4 i4 #a ff4 ,orig5 fav\rs ! fir/ con/ruction 7,contra ,celsum1 ii4 #d2 vol4 i4 p4 #aca74 ,z reg>ds ! text x ne$ only be said t is read be=e 7v4 #d7 by #a1 & t is f\nd aft] x1 n only 9 ! ,coptic1 b also 9 ,syrhi]4 i4 #b4 ,orig5 "h read & 7i4 #aca74 ,b ! =m] %\ld be omitt$ ) ,b ,d etc41 & ! latt] ) all ! good au?orities4 ,x foll[s t ,matt4 xi4 #aj is n tak5 f ,m>k i4 #b 7,zahn1 ,e9l41 ii4 #caf1 #ccb74 ,"o c see h[ important ! s-call$ 8l[]0 criticism may be = ! 8high]40 i4 #aa2 ix4 #g4 ,see on 8,punctuation0 above1 p4 #eb4 i4 #bi4 8,b "h has 1 & ,d b c e q ,pe%4 h sub/antially ! same4 ,?is is n an improvem5t1 because x excludes ,pet] & ,&rew4 ,! read+ ( ,syrs9 is peculi>1 #8& ,he w5t out ( ! synagogue & came into ! h\se ( ,simon ,cephas 7,&rew & ,james & ,john 7 ) him71 & ! "m-9-law etc4'0 ,see ,zahn1 ,e9l41 ii4 #beb1 & bel[ on ix4 #ad4 i4 #da4 ,! rem>kable 8,we/]n read+0 is dismiss$ by ,swete ) a ref]5ce to ,w-,h1 :o call x 8a s+ul> read+1 p]haps sugge/$ by v4 #dc 771 p]haps d]iv$ f an extrane\s s\rce40 ,9 my ,philologica ,sacra1 p4 #bf1 ,i h express$ ! op9ion t x is impossible to suppose a copyi/ alt]$ to 1 ev5 ?\gh does foll[ two v]ses fur!r d[n4#bga ,ei!r 1 has ano!r mean+ 9 ,biblical ,greek1 :i* is q possible1 or we h "h an in/ance ( a diff]5ce 9 translation4 ,! confusion ( ! gutturals1 e4g41 is v common4 ,comp>e ,ps4 xii4 #f1 1 ,gr4 2 ,ps4 xiv4 #f1 liii4 #f1 2 9 ,isa4 xxxix4 #b = 9 #b ,k+s xx4 #ac2 ,ps4 xxii4 #be1 1 :]e ,gr4 has 2 ,ps4 xcvii4 #aa1 1 ,gr4 2 & especially ,m>k ix4 #ai 9 ! rec5tly-publi%$ ,evangeli>ium ,hi]osolymitanum ( ,lewis-,gibson1 :]e ,cod4 ,b has = f\nd 9 ,a ,b4 ,comp>e also 1 ,matt4 vii4 #aa 7p4 #fh71 & 7p4 #ace74 ,a glance at ! ,!saurus ,syriacus #ciec %[s t is us$1 n only = 1 b also = 1 1 & 1 :ile /&s = 1 1 & 4 ,payne-,smi? gives no in/ance ( 4 ,! usual ,syriac ^w = x ev5 9 ,syrs9 & ,syrhi] is or 2 bo? v]bs are f\nd toge!r 9 #a ,macc4 vi4 #ei = ! simple 7 74 ,x is wor? not+ t 9 ,col4 iii4 #ac1 is read by ,f ,g1 :]e ,d99 has 1 & ! o!r au?orities 4 ,on ! read+ 9 ,m>k i4 #da1 see ,h>ris1 ,fragm5ts etc4 7#ahie71 p4 #f4 ,he %[s t ,ephraem _h 9 8 text alongside ( 4 ,! ,arabic ,diatess>on1 9 :i* ! p]icope does n come till #bb1 foll[s ! usual text1 & s1 too1 does ,syrs94 ii4 #ad4 ,zahn 7,e9l41 ii4 #bfc7 holds t 8,levi son ( ,alphaeus0 is ! orig9al read+ "h & n 8,james10 & t x 0 tak5 f ,m>k into ! ,gospel ( ,pet]4 ,! read+ 8,jacobum0 0 also tak5 into ! fir/ h& ( ! ,vulgate manuscript ,g f ,d #ac1 #fi1 #abd1 a b c d e ff#b r4 ,9 ,koets*au's new edition ( ,orig51 ! "n is no long] spelt b 7i4 #aac1 #ai2 ,cod4 ,p3 74 iii4 #ag4 ,our expositors might tell u :]e ,lu!r got 8 8,bneh>gem10 :i* is reta9$ 9 ! ,g]man ,revis$ ,v]sion4 ,on ,daniel ii4 #g ,j]ome has 8,b5]eem40 ,i h look$ 9 va9 9 ,lyra1 ,pole's ,synopsis1 ,calov1 & ,wolf4 iii4 #ca4 ,we h "h to *oose betwe5 7 ,b ,c ,l etc471 7,d etc471 & 7,a73 leaves a space4 ,i am incl9$ to ?9k t is ! orig9al read+1 :i* 0 improv$ by ! sub/itution ( ! m usual ^w 1 j z 0 alt]$ to 9 ! ,delphic ,oracle 9 ,h]odotus i4 #dg4 ,comp>e a simil> v>iation 9 ,heb4 xi4 #ac1 :]e ! orig9al read+ 799 ,p7 0 ?\ght to be improv$ by ! sub/itution ( 7c ,d ,e ,k7 or 7,a74 ,"h1 too1 ,a /&s alone4 ,0 x nev] copi$8 vi4 #af4 ,!re is a discrepancy 9 ! ,eusebian ,canons 9 ?is v]se :i* has n be5 expla9$4 ,bo? ,tis*5dorf & ,wordswor? & ,:ite numb] ?is v]se #eh_/b4 ,b accord+ to ! table 9 ,ti,gr41 p4 #aeb1 ,w-,w1 p4 #aj1 p]icope #eh belongs to ! t5? ,canon z be+ "o t is peculi> to ,m>k4 ,z a matt] ( fact x is n s1 unless ,eusebius meant at ! beg9n+ ( ! v]se4 ,x is rem>kable t ,eusebius did n make ! :ole ( v]ses #ad-bj "o p]icope ( ! second canon1 b numb]$ #ad1 #ae z #eg_/b & #ag-bj z #ei_/b4 ,he mu/ !re=e h f\nd some?+ peculi> 9 v]se #af to make x #eh4 vi4 #bj4 ,?is passage is v in/ructive f a textual po9t ( view4 ,mo/ au?orities read t 8,h]od _h put ,john 9 prison1 he>d him & did mu*10 or 8he>d mu* ( :at he did10 77 4 ,b 9 place ( ?is la/ ^w ,b ,l & ! ,bohairic v]sion alone read 1 80 mu* p]plex$ :5 he he>d him40 ,! great majority ( expositors decide at once 9 fav\r ( ! latt] read+1 sett+ aside z ! scriptio proclivior4 ,b 9 t case %\ld x n h be5 8 ,9 classical ,greek x %\ld und\bt$ly1 b 9 ,biblical ,greek we f9d 9 ,wisd4 xi4 #e1 #ag1 = example1 & :at is specially wor? not+1 9 ! p>allel passage ,luke ix4 #g1 = :i* ,d1 x is true1 has 4 ,! passage may !re=e be tak5 z %[+ t ! correct read+ has be5 pres]v$ 9 a v few witnesses4 ,/rict logic1 moreov]1 w\ld lead u to inf] t n "o ( our #acjj manuscripts is d]iv$ f any "o ( ^! ?ree1 b t ,b ,l cont9u$ *ildless4 ,is t likely8 ,field1 x may be add$1 decides 9 fav\r ( 7,otium ,norvic5se2 see ,expository ,times1 ,augu/ #ahii1 p4 #dhc71 & s1 too1 does ,burkitt 7,texts & ,/udies1 v4 #e1 p4 xix74 ,9 ,philo1 i4 #bfd1 l9e #h 7ed4 ,cohn71 ! manuscripts v>y betwe5 1 --1 --1 & --4 vii4 #cc4 ,codex ,wd1 publi%$ by ,h>ris 9 facsimile 7#ahif71 "h exhibits a v peculi> read+ :i* ,h>nack 7,th,lz41 #ahia1 p4 #cef7 ?9ks has aff9ity ) ,tatian4 ,x reads3 4 ,?is gives u q ano!r view ( ! occurr5ce ?an mo/ ( ! au?orities d4 ,x seems mu* m natural c]ta9ly to moi/5 ! f+]s be=e putt+ !m 9 ! e>s ?an be=e t\*+ ! tongue4 ,x reads some:at simil>ly 9 ,syrs91 :i* says t 8he put 8 f+]s & spat 9 8 e>s1 & t\*$ 8 tongue40#bgb ,?is manuscript exhibits o!r notewor?y read+s1 :i* w be f\nd mo/ conv5i5tly 9 ,swete4 ix4 #ad4 ,! s+ul>1 444 1 has ! support ( ,d1 :ile ,syrs9 takes ! side ( ! plural1 444 4 ,zahn decides = ! latt]4 ,he expla9s ! plural by say+ t ! orig9al n>rator 0 evid5tly "o ( ! ?ree disciples :o 7 ) ,jesus on ! ,m\nt1 9 all probability ,pet]1 z tradition has x4 ,pet]1 ( c\rse1 9 tell+ ! /ory1 us$ ! fir/ p]son & ! plural numb]1 8,:5 we came d[n f ! m\nta9 we saw1 etc40 ,m>k1 report+ ! words ( ,pet]1 turn$ ! fir/ p]son into ! ?ird1 reta9+ ! plural numb]4 ,zahn expla9s 9 ! same way ! some:at peculi> expressions 9 ,m>k i4 #bi4 ,"h ,pet] said1 8we 7i4e4 ,jesus1 ,&rew1 & himself7 came into our h\se ) ,james & ,john40 ,9 report+ ,pet]'s words ,m>k p>aphrases 8we0 & 8our10 & says1 8!y came into ! h\se ( ,simon & ,&rew ) ,james & ,john40 ,see ,zahn1 ,e9l41 ii4 #bde f4 x4 #cj4 ,nei!r ,tis*5dorf nor ,swete obs]ves t 9 addition to ! read+s & ! s+ul> is exhibit$ by ,d4 ,has ! my/]i\s read+ 9 ,clem4 ,alex4 7,quis ,dives7 any?+ to d ) ?is8 ,x is wor? rem>k+ t ! ,vi5na ,arabic manuscript 7,lag>de3 ,/orr7 has a note aft] 8po/ p]secutionem0 to ! effect t ?is is ! 8,roman0 read+4 xiv4 #ea4 1 ,b ,c ,l2 1 ,d2 1 ,a ,e etc4 ,?is la/ is reject$ by ,zahn on ! gr\nd t ! text has evid5tly be5 accommodat$ to v]se #dg1 "u ! false impression t ano!r ( ! disciples is ref]r$ to4 ,x is adopt$1 h[ev]1 by ,tis*5dorf#h1 & support$ by ,br&t1 ,die ,evangelis*e ,ges*i*te etc41 ,leipzig1 #ahic1 p4 #bc ff4 xiv4 #fe4 1 ,a ,b & mo/ au?orities3 1 ,d ,g1 #a1 #ac1 #fi1 #bpe1 al#aj3 1 ,h44443 1 ,e ,m ,u etc4 ,! simple/ explanation ( ?is v>iety ( read+s is t 0 fir/1 & t x 0 *ang$ into ! m common aori/ 1 :i* !n became or 4 ,! conv]se is n s likely1 viz4 t or became fir/ & !n 1 or t gave rise directly bo? to & or 4 ,on ^! & also on int]nal gr\nds ! read+ ( ,d ,g is to be pref]r$3 8!y began to spit ^u him1 & cont9u$ to buffet him40 xv4 #bh4 ,syrs9 is n[ to be add$ to ! au?orities t omit ! int]polation4 ,on ! int]e/+ names1 ,zoa?am & ,*amma?a1 ,dysmas & ,ge/as1 ,titus & ,duma*us 7i4e4 71 see ,b]g] 9 ! notice ( ,wordswor?1 & ,:ite's ,epilogus m5tion$ above1 & also ,j4 ,r4 ,h>ris 9 ! ,expositor1 ,m>* #aijj1 p4 #afb ff41 ,april1 p4 #cjd4 xv4 #cd4 ,x is extraord9>y t no ref]5ce is made 9 ,swete's edition to ! v s+ul> read+ ( ,codex ,d1 in/ead ( 4 ,9 addition to ! te/imony ( ! ,old ,lat9 manuscripts c 7exprobra/i me71 i 7me 9 opprobrium d$i/i71 k99 7mal$ixi/i3 see ,burkitt 9 ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 i4 p4 #bgh71 ?is read+ is atte/$ 9 ,greek by ,mac>ius ,magnes4 ,no explanation ( x has yet be5 giv5 t is 9 all respects satisfactory4 ,see ,expository ,times1 ,augu/ #ahih1 & ,febru>y1 ,m>*1 & ,april #aijj4 xvi4 #i-bj4 ,! ,engli% ,revis]s _h n ! c\rage to omit ! conclusion4 ,!y pr9t x q l ! re/ ( ! text1 only !y sep>ate x f ! =ego+ by a some:at wid] space ?an usual1 & give a note 9 ! m>g9 to ! foll[+ effect--viz4 8,! two olde/ ,greek manuscripts & "s o!r au?orities omit f v]se #i to ! end4 ,"s o!r au?orities h a diff]5t end+ to ! ,gospel40 ,! ,g]man ,revis$ ,v]sion has no rem>k to (f]1 :i* is easily acc\nt$ = on ! pr9ciples on :i* t v]sion is made4 ,! mo/ c>eful discussion ( ! passage is n[ t ( ,swete1 pp4 xcvi-cv4 ,see also ,zahn1 ,e9l41 ii4 #bbg-bce1 #bcg1 #bdj1 & comp>e ! ,app5dix 9 ,*ase's ,old ,syriac ,elem5t1 pp4 #aej-aeg1 8,note on ,m>k xvi4 #i-bj10 & ,ar?ur ,wright1 ,! ,gospel accord+ to ,/4 ,luke1 p4 xv4 ,! subscription ( sev]al m9uscules be>s t ,m>k's ,gospel 0 writt5 at ,rome t5 ye>s aft] ! ,asc5sion1 & deliv]$ to ! bre?r5 !re by ,pet]1 ! ( ! ,apo/les4 ,o!rs give ,egypt z ! place ( orig94 ,x is ( m importance to obs]ve t #bj1 #bfb1 #cjj conta9 ! note3 4 ,?is ref]s to ! subscription to ,mat!w f\nd 9 ^! manuscripts3 4 ,a simil> subscription occurs 9 #bpe1 a m9uscule ( consid]able importance = ,m>k 7#dgc 9 ,scriv5]2 see above1 p4 #aea1 n474 ,luke4 ,ap>t altoge!r f ! "q h[ ! num]\s & decid$ peculi>ities ( ,codex ,d are to be expla9$1 we f9d a great _m problems connect$ ) ! text ( ,luke's ,gospel4 ,on ! suppos$ title see ,zahn1 ,e9l41 ii4 #chc4 i4 #bf4 ,9 place ( ! def9ite indication ( "t1 ,blass foll[s c]ta9 ,lat9 au?orities1 especially ! ,lat9 ,ir5u1 9 giv+3 9 ipso 7or1 eodem7 autem tempore1 4 ,zahn po9ts out 7,e9l41 ii4 #ced7 t ?is is ! cu/om>y =mula = ! beg9n+ ( a p]icope 9 ! ,lection>ies1 & t :ile no d\bt 9 ! lat] ,greek sy/em ! p]icope ( ! ,annunciation began ) v]se #bd1 #bf is ! m appropriate beg9n+4 ,he adds t 9 any case ! orig9 ( ?is =mula is evid5t1 & t ,cod4 ,d1 :i* "h p>ts company ) ! ,lat9 witnesses1 gives o!r indications besides ?is ( ! influ5ce ( a p]icope-sy/em4 ,see ! ,introduction to ,scriv5]'s edition ( ! ,codex1 p4 li4 i4 #df4 ,on ! read+ ,elisabe?1 see above1 p4 #bch4 i4 #fc4 ,! text ins]t$ ! words be=e 1 by way ( expla9+ ! a/oni%m5t ( ! p4 ,zahn ?9ks ?is an absurd misplacem5t1 see+ t ! m5tion ( ,ze*>iah's speak+ does n come till ! foll[+ v]se1 & ! p c\ld n "k t 8 tongue 0 loos$ till !y he>d him speak4 ,syrs9 accord+ly corrects ?is by putt+ ! m5tion ( ! a/oni%m5t aft] t ( ! speak+1 9 :i* x is foll[$ by ,blass4 ii4 #d1 #e4 ,9 ! text ,blass adopts ! read+ 1 & transposes ! clause to ! end ( v]se #e4 ,?is arrangem5t is also exhibit$ by ,d4 ,syrs9 reads 8bo?40 ,"o ,old ,lat9 manuscript has ess5t1 b z x exhibits ! clause 9 ! usual place1 ,zahn ?9ks t ess5t is manife/ly a cl]ical error = esset4 ,! ,syriac1 he po9ts out1 is d]iv$ f ,tatian4 ,see ,e9l41 ii4 #cee2 ,=s*41 i4 #aah2 ,,gk41 ii4 #efa2 ,vett]1 ,d] dritte ,kor9!rbrief 7#ahid71 #be4 ii4 #g4 ,"o ,lat9 manuscript 7e7 has obvolv]unt & collocav]unt1 :i* may be comp>$ ) ess5t 9 v]se #d4 ,zahn ?9ks t ! plural "h is due to ! reflection t ! "m does n usually h]self att5d to a new-born infant4 ii4 #ad4 ,h[ does ! ,*ri/mas song ( ! angels run exactly8 ,is x 1 or 4 8 ,! "q belongs m to exegesis ?an textual criticism4 ,! :ole matt] turns ^u a s+le lett]1 b x divides ,we/]n ,*ri/5dom 9 two p>ts4 ,! ,lat9 ,*ur* reads x z 9 hom9ibus bonae voluntatis1 8among m5 ( goodwill10 or1 z mod]n critics und]/& x1 8among m5 ( ,god's good pleasure40 ,! second read+ makes x 8goodwill to m540 ,:i* %\ld x be8 ,! =m] read+1 ! g5itive1 is support$ by 99 ,a ,b99 ,d1 ! ,lat91 & ! ,go?ic1 :]eas ne>ly all ! o!r witnesses1 includ+ ! ,bohairic1 ! ?ree ,syriac1 & ,a itself 9 ! ,hymns at ! end ( ! ,old ,te/am5t ,psalt]1 h ! nom9ative4 ,"o ?+ seems to me decisive 9 fav\r ( ! nom9ative4 ,sc>cely any "p ( ! ,new ,te/am5t is s /eep$ 9 ! ,hebrew _s z ! fir/ two *apt]s ( ,luke's ,gospel4 ,z ,field po9ts out 9 ! ?ird "p ( 8 ,otium ,norvic5se1 ! ,greek corresponds to ! ,hebrew expression 8son ( ,adam10 :i* _c take ano!r g5itive aft] x--8sons ( ,adam ( goodwill40 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! ^w goodwill 9 ,hebrew is always foll[$ by ! preposition correspond+ to ! ,greek 4 ,s t1 till we h fur!r te/imony1 ,i w\ld reta9 ! nom9ative & ! trip>tite division1 not)/&+ ! au?ority ( ,tis*5dorf1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 ,weizsck]1 ,/age1 & ,blass1 :o1 by ! way1 m5tions no v>iants 9 ! text4 ii4 #dj4 ,d "h reads 9 place ( ' 4 ,! diff]5ce is slight1 b n unimportant f a !ological po9t ( view4 ,x is n accid5tal1 z is %[n by ! correspond+ *ange ( ' into 9 *4 iii4 #bb4 iii4 #bb4 ,zahn reg>ds ?is z "o ( ! passages :]e9 ,d & its associates h pres]v$ ! orig9al read+4 ,!y exhibit "h 9 place ( 4 ,he says1 moreov]1 t 8^? :o hold ! =m] z orig9al ne$ n lam5t its disappe>ance f tradition subsequ5t to ! ye> #cjj0 7,e9l41 ii4 #bdj1 #cef74 ,see ,burkitt 9 ,b>n>d's ,biblical ,text ( ,clem5t1 pp4 xiii4 #ch4 iii4 #bc ff4 ,may n ! peculi> =m ( ! g5ealogy 9 ,d be expla9$ by ! ,diatess>on1 :i* orig9ally _h no g5ealogy8 ,! index ( ! ,lat9 edition %[s t !re 0 none orig9ally1 b we f9d 9 ! text "o compil$ f ,matt4 i4 #a-af1 ,luke iii4 #cd-cg1 ,matt4 i4 #ag4 ,! fir/-kn[n manuscript ( ! ,arabic ,diatess>on _h ,matt4 i4 #a-ag 9 #b1 & ,luke iii4 #bd-ch 9 #i4 ,! bett] manuscript1 discov]$ lat]1 has no g5ealogy 9 ! text1 b x conta9s "o compil$ f ,matt4 & ,luke1 ins]t$ betwe5 ! close ( ! "w & ! subscription by way ( app5dix4 ,see ,zahn1 ,,gk41 ii4 #eci2 ,j4 ,h4 ,hill1 ,e>lie/ ,life ( ,*ri/ etc41 p4 #c f4 iii4 #bg4 ,! correct explanation ( is t giv5 by ,plumm] 9 8 ,comm5t>y on ,luke1 & quot$ by ,bacon 9 ,ha/+s' ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 ii4 #adj4 8,rhesa1 :o appe>s 9 ,luke1 b nei!r 9 ,matt4 nor 9 #a ,*ron41 is probably n a "n at all1 b a title :i* "s ,jewi% copyi/ mi/ook = a "n4 ,z]ubbabel ,rhesa or ,z]ubbabel ! ,pr9ce 77 has be5 made into #8,z]ubbabel 7begat7 ,rhesa4'0 ,! int]pretation ( ,rhesa z 8pr9ce0 is1 h[ev]1 n new4 ,see ,pole's ,synopsis3 x 0 n safe to use ! prop] "n ,z]ubbabel 9 ,babylon1 see+ t x meant 8v5tilatio ,babelis10 & ! "n ,%e%bazz> 0 !re=e sub/itut$ = x4 ,sic filii eius ,me%ullam et ,hanania1 quia vix ibi tuto aut proprie dici potu]unt ,abiud1 i4e4 patris mei e/ gloria1 et ,rhesa pr9ceps 7,lightfoot1 ,horae ,hebraicae74 ,reu*l9 7,rudim5ta1 p4 #ah7 gives ! explanation 7sic7 qui cognom9atur ,mesollam4 ,?is int]pretation1 h[ev]1 l5ds no real support to ,sell9's !ory4 iv4 #cd4 ,! exclamation 1 :i* ,zahn 7,,gk41 i4 #fhb7 says is unkn[n 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t1 is omitt$ by ,d1 elev5 ,old ,lat9 manuscripts1 & also by ,m>cion4 ,x is support$ by a consid]able numb] ( witnesses 9 ,m>k i4 #bd4 ,accord+ to ,zahn1 ^! witnesses took x f ,luke1 b ( ?is ,i am by no means c]ta94 ,syrs9 omits x 9 bo? places4 ,9 ,luke x is also omitt$ by f\r manuscripts ( ! ,vulgate m5tion$ by ,wordswor? & ,:ite4 iv4 #cd4 ,m>cion inv>iably omits 4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no o!r au?ority = its omission4 ,see ,zahn1 ,,gk41 i4 #fhe2 ii4 #def4 iv4 #dd4 is ! bett] atte/$ read+1 & on acc\nt ( ! improbability ( its be+ inv5t$1 %\ld be reg>d$ z ! orig9al4 ,see ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #cgc4 v4 #e4 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t is peculi> to ,luke4 ,9 place ( x ,d has "h1 & 9 viii4 #bd4 ,x reta9s 1 h[ev]1 9 viii4 #de1 ix4 #cc1 ix4 #di1 & xvii4 #ac4 v4 #ad4 ,! long int]polation at ! end ( ! v]se f\nd 9 ,d d is d]iv$ f ,m>k i4 #de & ii4 #a1 ?\gh !re are slight diff]5ces4 ,x is introduc$ "h = h>moni/ic reasons4 ,0 x tak5 f ,tatian8 v4 #bg4 ,aft] ! "n ( ,levi1 ,d ins]ts 1 :i*1 accord+ to ,zahn1 is n orig9al4 ,see ,e9l41 ii4 #bfc4 v4 #ci4 ,m>cion agrees ) ,d 9 ! omission ( ?is v]se4 ,syrs9 & ,syrcu are1 un=tunately1 bo? defective "h4 ,to ! au?orities = its omission %\ld be add$ r1 :i* ,weiss does n m5tion4 ,on ! reasons = ! omission ( ! v]se1 see ,zahn1 ,,gk41 i4 #fha4 vi4 #e4 ,zahn is ( op9ion t ! n>rative ( ! man work+ on ! ,sabba? is tak5 f ! same s\rce z ,m>k xvi4 #i ff41 & ! p]icope adult]1 ,john vii4 #ec-viii4 #aa--viz4 f ,papias1 & t x may be hi/orically true4 ,see 8 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #cee4 ,we/cott & ,hort ins]t x among _! 8,notewor?y ,reject$ ,read+s10 & ,res* puts x among ! 8,logia ,jesu40 ,! ,s9ai-,syriac is defective "h4 ,= a long "t x 0 ?\ght t ,d & ,/eph5's 7 diff]5t manuscripts1 & !y are "h cit$ by ,mill z 8duo codices vetu/issimi40 ,?is 0 %[n to be a mi/ake by ,b5gel4 ,grotius also speaks ( 8nonnulli codices10 &1 accord+ to ,mill1 ?\ght ! words 7 8adjecta ab aliquo ,m>cionita40 ,! n>rative seems to h rema9$ q unkn[n dur+ ! ?\s& ye>s t elaps$ betwe5 its relation by ,d & its publication by ,/eph5 9 #aeej4 ,accord+ to ,scriv5]'s edition ( ,codex ,bezae1 p4 #dce1 none ( ! t5 or twelve lat] h&s t work$ ^u ! manuscript d[n to ! twelf? c5tury & ev5 lat]1 seem to h t\*$ ! page on :i* ?is n>rative /&s 7#bje;b74 ,x w\ld seem1 !re=e1 t no copy 0 ev] made ( ?is manuscript ei!r4 ,h[ mu* w\ld h be5 lo/ _h x also disappe>$ entirely8 vi4 #aj4 ,:e!r is g5u9e or n is ( no mat]ial consequ5ce s f> z ! exposition ( ! passage is conc]n$1 b x is important 9 connection ) ! "q ( ! relation%ip ( ,luke to ! o!r ,synoptics4 ,! words are want+ 9 ,m>k iii4 #e1 b occur 9 ,matt4 xii4 #ac4 ,see ,zahn1 ,e9l41 ii4 #dbj4 vi4 #ca4 ,zahn is n sure if ,m>cion's text conta9$ ! ,gold5 ,rule 9 ?is passage 9 ! negative =m4 ,,gk41 i4 #fhj2 ii4 #dfb4 vii4 #bg4 ,zahn ?9ks t %\ld p]haps be omitt$ "h 7,e9l41 ii4 #caf74 viii4 #dc4 ,! words are omitt$ 9 ,b ,d4 ,zahn holds x to be an 8unwor?y ins9uation0 to suppose t ,luke1 be+ himself a physician1 ton$ d[n ! expressions us$ by ,m>k z reflect+ on ! cr$it ( 8 pr(ession4 ,! words are m likely to be a gloss f ,m>k4 ,see ,e9leitung1 ii4 #dcg4 ix4 #a4 ,?is v]se is writt5 ?ree times ov] 9 codex 4 ,?is _c be a mi/ake4 ,x might h be5 writt5 twice by inadv]t5ce1 b n ?ree times4 ,! reason lies 9 ! fact relat$--viz41 ! conf]r+ ( ! p[] ov] evil spirits4 ix4 #af4 ,! read+ ' crept into ! ,vulgate manuscript call$ ,g by ,wordswor? & ,:ite f ! ,old ,lat94 ,x is n[ atte/$ also by ,syrs94 ,see ,lewis1 ,"s ,pages1 9 loco4 ,zahn ?9ks x is des]v+ ( special att5tion 7,,gk41 i4 #fhb74 ,9 ?is he is q "r4 ix4 #ah4 ,m>cion "h _h 4 ,see ,zahn1 ,,gk41 i4 #fhf4 ix4 #eb-ef4 8,x is impossible to suppose t ! %ort] =m ( ! text is ! orig9al1 & ! long] due to a lat] int]polation1 z ?is w\ld imply :at is incr$ible--viz41 t "o ( ,m>cion's mo/ ant9omian read+s f\nd its way into a l>ge numb] ( ,ca?olic manuscripts 7,d1 ! ,pe%itto1 ,h>klean ,syriac1 mo/ ,lat9 witnesses1 ,*ryso/om1 etc474 ,! only probable explanation is t ! ,ca?olic writ]s object$ to #ed;b & #ee;b on acc\nt ( ! use made ( !m by ! ,m>cionites1 & ! app>5tly ,m>cionitic "* ( _! cont5ts4 ,!y 7 p>ticul>ly (f5sive :5 tak5 toge!r4 ,accord+ly1 "s manuscripts l e & ,syrcu omitt$ only #ed;b1 o!rs1 l ,a ,c1 only #ee;b1 :ile o!rs aga91 l ,b ,l ,syrs91 boldly omitt$ bo?4444 ,! words 7 writt5 by ,luke & n inv5t$ by ,m>cion40 ,zahn1 ,,gk41 i4 #fha1 ii4 #dfh2 ,e9l41 ii4 #ceg4 x4 #a4 ,in/ead ( #gj1 ,b ,d1 ,tatian1 ! ,syriac1 & ! ,lat9 give #gb4 ,accord+ to ,zahn1 ! numb] has no?+ to d ) ! ,jewi% enum]ation ( #gj ,g5tile nations1 languages1 or angels1 nor ! #gj memb]s ( ! ,sanh$rim1 ! #gj translators ( ! ,old ,te/am5t1 or ) any o!r numb] #gj4 ,^! #gj 7 n s5t to ! ,g5tiles1 & ,luke gives no h9t ( ! allegorical significance ( _! numb]4 ,any su* allegoriz+ 0 =eign bo? to himself & ,!ophilus1 nei!r ( :om 0 a ,jew4 ,see ,e9l41 ii4 #cib4 xi4 #b4 ,on 9 ,d1 see my ,philologica ,sacra1 pp4 #bg-cf4 xi4 #c4 ,!re is a c]ta9 am\nt ( probability 9 ,zahn's view t ,m>cion 0 l$ to ins]t aft] by ?9k+ ( ,john vi4 #cc f41 a passage :i* sugge/$ itself to ,orig5 also 9 ?is connection4 ,see ,zahn 7,,gk41 i4 #fgg1 ii4 #dga71 :o ?9ks x probable t ,m>cion int]pret$ ! words 9 a spiritual s5se 7 sup]sub/antialis74 xi4 #ec4 ,! text ( ,d "h displays sev]al m>k$ v>iations1 :i*1 h[ev]1 d n affect ! s5se ( ! passage4 ,zahn sees 9 !m ! arbitr>y alt]ations ( a lat] "t2 b ,weiss ?9ks t 9 "s p>ticul>s !y may pres]ve ! orig9al4 xii4 #a4 ,m>cion1 seem+ly1 & ,j]ome omit 1 :i* is atte/$ by mo/ ( ! ,old ,lat9 witnesses1 ) ! exception ( b4 ,see ,zahn1 ,,gk41 i4 #fib1 ii4 #dgd4 xii4 #ad4 ,! words 7 omitt$ by ,m>cion 7,zahn1 ,,gk41 i4 #fhb74 ,!y are also want+ 9 ! ,s9ai-,syriac 7see ,lewis1 ,"s ,pages74 xii4 #ch4 ,! m5tion ( ! by ,m>cion & o!r au?orities is due1 accord+ to ,zahn 7,,gk41 ii4 #fhc2 ,e9l41 ii4 #cef71 to ! 8magi/]ial consid]ation0 t an ord]ly h\sehold] w\ld n come home f ! fe/ivities aft] midnight or 9 ! e>ly h\rs ( ! morn+1 b at ! late/ 9 ! fir/ wat* ( ! night1 :i* 0 /ill call$ ! ev5+4 ,! read+ is also f\nd 9 ,ir5u1 b n 9 ! ,s9ai-,syriac4 xii4 #ea4 77 is f\nd "h 9 ,syrs9 9 place ( 7,d e ,syrcu71 mitt]e 7b l71 7usual text74 ,?is is int]e/+ 9 view ( ,m>cion4 ,see ,zahn1 ,,gk41 i4 #fjd1 ii4 #dgf4 ,t]tullian seems to h be5 mi/ak5 9 ?9k+ t 0 read 9 place ( 9 ?is connection 7ma*a]am quidem scriptum e/4 ,s$ ,m>cion em5dat1 quasi non et sep>atio opus sit ma*a]ae74 xiii4 #h4 ,see above1 p4 #aic ff4 ,*ase cites ?is passage z an indication ( ! laxity ( transcription ( :i* ,d 0 guilty 9 introduc+ :at appe>s to be a common agricultural phrase4 ,9 ,columella 7,de ,re ,ru/ica1 xi4 #c7 we f9d 8confecta bruma /]coratam t]ram inditam coph9is obs]at40 ,*ase also cites f ! manuscript notes ( ,hort ! ref]5ce to ,plut>*1 ,vita ,pompeii1 #dh1 4 ,bett] ?an any words ( m9e are ^? ( ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #cdf3--,no "o ) any p]ception ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 nave orig9ality & a regul>ity due to liturgical1 dogmatic1 & /yli/ic consid]ations c fail to ass5t to ! foll[+ propositions--viz41 7#a7 z reg>ds cont5ts & =m ( expression 7i4e4 ! text ( ,d & its associates7 has pres]v$ mu* orig9al matt]1 :i* f ! v fir/ 0 peculi>ly liable to alt]ation1 & :i* 0 set aside by ! le>n$ revis]s f ! end ( ! ?ird c5tury onw>ds 7,lucian1 ,hesy*ius1 ,pamphilus71 etc4 xvi4 #ab4 ,:ile ! common text ) ,syrs9 reads 1 = :i* ,b ,l h 1 ,m>cion alone supports #aeg e i l 9 read+ 4 ,h[ is ?is to be expla9$8 ,comp>e above1 p4 #baa1 & ,zahn1 ,,gk41 i4 #fhb4 xvi4 #ai4 ,zahn d5om9ates ! introductory words f\nd 9 ,d1 1 8a liturgical gloss at ! beg9n+ ( a p]icope40 ,blass1 too1 omits !m f ! text4 xvi4 #bb1 #bc4 991 mo/ ,old ,lat9 witnesses1 & ! ,vulgate omit at ! beg9n+ ( v]se #bc1 & read 4 ,?is conjunction ( ! words is atte/$ by ,tatian & ,m>cion4 ,! ,s9ai-,syriac presupposes ! =m 80 buri$4 ,& be+ 9 ,hades he lift$ up 8 eyes40 ,att5tion may be drawn to ! detail$ notice ( ! diff]5t read+s by ,wordswor? & ,:ite4 ,!y say3 ,asyndeton 9 ,johanne tol]abile1 9 ,luca vix f]5dum videtur4444 ,vix dubium e/ qu9 ,lucas ipse scrips]it 1 s$ secundum 9 antiquissimis codicibus ut nunc 9 99 casu omissum1 ex conjectura tribus modis re/itutum videtur1 sc4 1 et et 2 quae lectiones omnes 9 codicibus ,lat9is ref]untur1 et t]tiam ab ,hi]onymo ex traditione codicum suorum s]vatam magis quam ex ratione praelatam cr$imus4 ,see ,zahn1 ,,gk41 i4 #fhb1 ii4 #dhj4 xvii4 #aa4 8,9 all likelihood 1 )\t ! preposition1 z giv5 by ,d1 is ! orig9al =m4 ,?is 0 v>i\sly replac$ by 7,f]r> ,gr\p71 :i* is n amiss1 by 7,a ,x1 etc471 :i* is n s good1 & by 7 ,b ,l71 :i* is v bad40 ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #cia4 ,comp>e1 also 7= 71 ,jli*]1 ,glei*nisr$5 ,jesu1 ii4 #eaf4 xvii4 #ba4 ,m>cion ins]ts be=e 1 :i* ,zahn holds to be orig9al4 ,syrs9 reads 8"h x is1 or !re x is10 & !re=e app>5tly omits ! fir/ z well4 ,see ,lewis1 ,"s ,pages4 ,wordswor? & ,:ite omit ,tis*5dorf's g#a4 #b f ! au?orities giv5 by him 9 support ( ! omission ( ! second ecce4 xviii4 #bj4 ,on ! alt]ations made on ! text "h by ! foll[]s ( ,m>cion1 see ,zahn1 ,,gk41 i4 #faf1 ii4 #dhd4 xviii4 #be4 ,! evid5ce 9 support ( ! read+s & is v /rong 7 ,b ,d ,l74 ,! *oice ( ! t]ms = or 1 & = 1 betrays ! language ( ! physician4 ,see ,! ,expositor's ,greek ,te/am5t1 ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 ,introduction1 pp4 #i-aa2 ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #dbg f41 #dce f4 xx4 #ce4 ,) ref]5ce to ?is v]se1 ,t]tullian makes ! foll[+ *>ge aga9/ ! ,m>cionites3 ,nacti enim scripturae textum ita 9 leg5do decurr]unt3 8quos autem dignatus e/ deus illius aevi02 8illius aevi0 8deo0 adjungunt 444 cum sic legi oporteat1 8quos autem dignatus e/10 ut facta hic di/9ctione po/ 8deum0 ad sequ5tia p]t9eat 8illius aevi10 etc4 ,zahn insi/s1 z aga9/ ,rits*l1 ,hilg5feld1 & ,volkm>1 t ?is requires n only ! ins]tion ( aft] 1 b also ! active voice in/ead ( ! passive1 z ?\gh ! ,m>cionites _h read 1 4 ,a simil> *ange ( con/ruction occurs 9 ,matt4 xxv4 #da1 :]e x is q c]ta9 t is a correction ( ! /rong] expression 1 f\nd 9 ,d1 #a1 #bb1 t5 ,old ,lat9 manuscripts1 & ! e>lie/ ,fa!rs4 xxi4 #cj4 ,! ins]tion ( may be b a trifl+ addition1 int5d$ to facilitate ! s5se 7,zahn1 ,,gk41 i4 #fhb71 at ! same "t x is an int]e/+ "q h[ x comes to be 9 ,d1 #aeg1 #egb 7see above1 p4 #baa74 ,wordswor? & ,:ite say t ,d "h is 8ex ,lat9is =san correctus40 ,syrs9 agrees ) ,syrcu 9 ins]t+ ! words4 xxii4 #af4 ,= ,d reads 4 ,on ?is see my ,philologica ,sacra1 p4 #ch1 :]e x is sugge/$ t ^! two read+s are due to ! confusion ( & 4 ,?is occurs sev]al times 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t--e4g4 #b ,*ron4 xxx4 #bb1 :]e is repres5t$ 9 ! ,,lxx by 4 ,b ev5 ap>t f ! "q ( a ,hebrew f\ndation = ! v>iant1 ,i am incl9$ to reg>d z ! orig9al1 & z ! correction4 xxii4 #af-ba4 ,! n>rative ( ! ,la/ ,supp] is extant 9 ?ree =ms4 ,!re is 7#a7 ! common text1 7#b7 t exhibit$ by ! two mo/ important ( ! ,old ,lat9 witnesses 7b1 e71 9 :i* v]se #af is foll[$ by #ai;a1 aft] :i* come #ag1 #ah1 #ba1 s t #ai;b & #bj are want+ altoge!r4 ,! text ( ,syrs9 & ,syrcu resembles ?is4 ,!re is fur!r 7#c7 ! =m exhibit$ by ,d & f\r ,old ,lat9s1 :i* has ! same ord] z 7#a71 b omits v]ses #ai;b1 #bj4 ,zahn decides 9 fav\r ( 7#b74 ,see 8 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #ceg ff4 ,x is to be obs]v$ t ! la/ discov]$ ,syriac omits ! nom9atival clause aft] 1 :i* is ! only memb] t seems to be d]iv$1 n f #a ,cor4 xi4 #bd f41 b f ,mat!w & ,m>k1 & t does n agree 9 con/ruction ) ! re/4 ,?is confirms ! supposition t ^! two v]ses are n "p ( ! orig9al text4 ,see ,we/cott & ,hort1 ,notes on ,select ,read+s1 p4 #fc f42 ,plumm]1 ,comm5t>y on ,/4 ,luke 9 ! ,int]national ,s]ies 7,t4 ,t4 ,cl>k74 ,comp>e also ! article by ! latt] 9 ,ha/+s' ,diction>y ( ! ,bible 7,"l's ,supp]74 xxii4 #cf4 ,on ,basil ! ,great 7d4 #cgi7 rem>ks3 444 4 ,at pres5t ,d is q alone 9 exhibit+ ! read+ 1 :i* is wor? not+ 9 view ( above4 xxii4 #dc1 #dd4 ,^! v]ses1 ) _! m5tion ( ! ,bloody ,sweat & ! ,/r5g!n+ ,angel1 are omitt$ 9 ,a ,b ,r ,t1 "o ,old ,lat9 7f71 ! ,bohairic1 ,sahidic1 & ,arm5ian v]sions1 & ! ,s9ai-,syriac4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !y are read by ! ,curetonian ,syriac & ! ,pe%itto1 by ! fir/ & ?ird h&s ( 7! second h& enclos$ !m 9 brackets & cancell$ !m by means ( dots71 by ,d1 z also by mo/ ( ! ,old ,lat9 witnesses & ! ,vulgate4 ,9 ! ,greek ,lection>ies !y are omitt$ at ! place :]e "o w\ld naturally expect !m1 b are f\nd 9 ! text ( ,mat!w xxvi41 toge!r ) portions ( ,john xiii41 9 ! ,liturgy = ,holy ,?ursday4 ,?is expla9s _! ins]tion aft] ,matt4 xxvi4 #ci 9 ! ,f]r> ,gr\p1 at lea/ 9 #ac1 #fi1 #abd4 ,! fir/ ( ^!1 moreov]1 repeats ! fir/ two words ( v]se #dc 7 7 9 ,luke1 b no m4 ,! necess>y inf]5ce is t ^! v]ses are no "p ( ! orig9al text ( ,luke4 ,!y g back1 h[ev]1 to a "t :5 extra-canonical traditions f ! ,life & ,passion ( ,jesus 7 9 circulation ei!r orally or 9 writ+4 ,zahn holds t ,d "h has pres]v$ :at ,luke wrote4 xxiii4 #b4 ,zahn 7,,gk41 i4 #ffh7 expressly po9ts out t ,m>cion did n inv5t ! additional words 1 b f\nd !m 9 8 exempl>4 ,!y occur 9 eight ,old ,lat9 & at lea/ five ,vulgate manuscripts1 among :i* are f\r ( ! e>ly codices collat$ by ,wordswor? & ,:ite4 ,"o ( !m omits et prophetas1 :ile "s o!rs h no/ram aft] legem4 ,weiss takes no notice ( ?is addition1 nor ( ! fur!r addition 9 v]se #e ( ! words 1 support$ by at lea/ two ,old ,lat9 manuscripts1 bo? ( :i* add non enim baptizantur sicut et nos1 :ile "o ( !m exhibits ! /ill fur!r ext5sion nec se mundant4 ,if ! addition 7 really made by ,m>cion1 x w\ld be all ! m des]v+ ( att5tion4 ,! omission ( ! additional words 9 v]se #b is conceivably due to homoioteleuton1 ! eye ( ! scribe pass+ f to 1 ,9 ! case ( v]se #e1 ! m5tion ( ! wom5 & *ildr5 is q consi/5t ) :at is said else:]e 9 ! n>rative ( ! ,passion1 b ! ref]5ce to baptism & purification is n s cle>4 ,codex c has ! s+ul> baptizatur1 b ?is is m]ely a cl]ical error4 xxiii4 #cd4 ,! case ( ! ,fir/ ,^w f ! ,cross is rem>kable4 ,?is v]se1 conta9+ ! words1 8,fa!r1 =give !m1 = !y "k n :at !y d10 is bracket$ 9 by an e>ly corrector1 & !n re/or$2 x is omitt$ by ,b )\t be+ replac$2 x is ins]t$ 9 ,d by a h& n e>li] ?an ! n9? c5tury1 & omitt$ by two ,old ,lat9 manuscripts1 by two ,bohairic codices1 by ! ,sahidic v]sion1 & by ! newly-discov]$ ,s9ai-,syriac4 ,is x possible to suppose t a ,*ri/ian w\ld h cancell$ ^! words 9 a ,bible manuscript l 1 unless he _h valid reasons = do+ s 9 ! tradition ( ! ,gospel text8 ,zahn ?9ks !y 7 omitt$ f ,d by mi/ake4 ,on ! ,ord] ( ! ,sev5 ,words see my note 9 ! ,expository ,times = ,june #aijj1 p4 #dbc f4 xxiii4 #ch4 ,! notice ( ! ?ree languages 9 :i* ! ,inscription on ! ,cross 0 writt5 is tak5 f ! text ( ,john1 & is read by all ! ,lat9 au?orities ) ! s+le exception ( codex ,v]cell5sis 7a74 ,syrs9 is n[ to be add$ to ! witnesses support+ ! omission ( ! clause4 ,its use ( ! ^w reveals ! ultimate aff9ity ( ?is v]sion ) ! ,curetonian ,syriac4 ,! int]polation1 z ,zahn rightly ass]ts 7,,gk41 i4 #fge71 po9ts to ! e/imation 9 :i* ,john's ,gospel 0 held at an e>ly date4 ,its ins]tion 9 ,luke is und\bt$ly errone\s4 xxiii4 #dc4 ,! ins]tion ( 9 ,d1 z well z ! o!r v>iants f\nd 9 ?is manuscript1 viz4 1 :i* is also read by ,d 9 ,luke xxi4 #g1 & 1 :i* is ins]t$ by o!rs 9 ,luke viii4 #dh1 is attribut$ by ,zahn 7,e9leitung1 ii4 #cef7 to "s prea*] :o s\ght 9 ?is way to contra/ ! p5it5t ?ief ) 8 comrade4 ,) ! sub/antival expression 1 comp>e exhibit$ by ,d 9 ,matt4 xx4 #bh4 ,on ! some:at r>e v]b 1 comp>e ! new edition ( ,orig51 i4 #e1h2 also ,clem5t ,alex1 7ed4 ,d9dorf71 i4 #ahf1 #ahh4 xxiii4 #ec4 ,aft] ,u1 ) a few m9uscules1 reads 1 :ile ?ree ,vulgate manuscripts h a simil> addition et inposito eo inposuit monum5to lapidem magnum4 ,on ! o!r h& ,d1 ) its ,lat91 reads 7leg4 7 4 ,! same ?+ is f\nd 9 ! ,old ,lat9 manuscript c1 et cum positus esset 9 monum5to1 posu]unt lapidem quem vix vig9ti volvebant4 ,! ,sahidic & ,ti exhibit a simil> expansion ( ! text4 ,9 ?is addition1 :i* ,scriv5] ?\ght 0 8conceiv$ some:at 9 ! ,hom]ic _s10 ,h>ris detects a ,lat9 hexamet] :i* ! scribe ( ,codex ,bezae 8delib]ately incorporat$ into 8 text & !n turn$ into ,greek40 ,see 8 ,/udy ( ,codex ,bezae 9 ,texts & ,/udies1 ii4 #a1 #dg-eb4 ,*ase1 on ! o!r h&1 adduces ,josephus1 ,bell4 ,jud41 vi4 #e1 #c 7,syro-,lat9 ,text1 p4 #fb ff474 ,comp>e my ,philologica ,sacra1 pp4 #ci1 #eh4 xxiv4 #f4 ,! read+ 7,d1 c1 ,m>cion1 etc47 9 place ( is n[ atte/$ also by ! ,s9ai-,syriac4 xxiv4 #cb4 ,9 place ( 7 text7 & 7,d71 ,blass ins]ts 9 ! text on ! au?ority ( ! old ,syriac v]sions1 ! ,arm5ian1 & ! ,sahidic4 ,b 9 ! ,syriac ?is la/ read+ is due to a transcriptional error ( = 7see ,blass himself1 p4 #abj1 & comp>e ! v>iants & 9 ,rahmani's ,te/am5tum ,d4 ,n4 ,jesu ,*ri/i1 p4 #aab1 #f72 & z ! ,arm5ian is d]iv$ f ! ,syriac1 ! only "q becomes :e!r ! ,sahidic read+ is due to ! same error4 9 ,d1 :i* has hi!rto baffl$ explanation1 is %[n to be a purely cl]ical error by comp>ison ) ,heb4 xii4 #ah1 :]e also becomes 9 ! ,greek ( ,d & 9 ,pseudo-,a?an4 #eg4 xxiv4 #cd4 ,= ,d reads 1 :i* is simply a cl]ical error aris+ easily f ! influ5ce ( ! ,lat91 :i* w\ld be ! same 9 ei!r case4 ,= ! conclusions drawn f ?is read+ by ,res*1 see 8 ,auss]canonis*e ,p>alleltexte1 iii4 #ggi f4 ,o!r examples ( ! same mi/ake 7-- = --7 occur 9 ,matt4 xxii4 #af2 ,acts vi4 #aa1 xvi4 #ce2 ,rom4 vi4 #ac4 ,x is int]e/+ to obs]ve t ,orig5 _h 7i4 #ahd1 ed4 ,koets*au74 xxiv4 #cg4 ,zahn 7,,gk41 i4 #fha7 rejects ! supposition t ! read+ = 0 co9$ by ,m>cion & tak5 f a ,m>cionite ,bible into ,d4 ,t he is "r 9 do+ s appe>s f ,*ase1 :o %[s t "h is ! same z 9 ,ignatius 7,ad ,smyrnaeos1 iii4 #b74 ,see my ,philologica ,sacra1 p4 #be4 ,! ,semitic equival5t ( z well z ( is 1 1#bgc :i* is us$ 9 bo? ! e>li] ,syriac v]sions1 ! ,curetonian & ! ,lewis1 to repres5t 9 ,matt4 xiv4 #bf & ,m>k vi4 #di4 ,i f9d t is us$ = 9 ! translation ( ,eusebius 7,eccles4 ,hi/41 v4 #af1 ed4 ,wright-,maclean1 p4 #bhi74 xxiv4 #ci4 ,all ! au?orities agree 9 say+ t ,m>cion omitt$ ! words 1 :ile ,t]tullian & ,epiphanius /ate t he also omitt$ 4 ,see ,zahn1 ,,gk41 ii4 #die1 :o adds t 8! long] clause--i4e4 --is also omitt$ by ,d1 x 7) ! exception ( ,colb]t9us71 vg1 b n ,syrcu1 z ,tis*5dorf wrongly /ates40 ,?is h[ev] is a misappreh5sion4 ,! om 9 ,tis*5dorf ref]s only to aft] 4 ,?is is omitt$ by ,syrcu z well z by ,d & also by ,syrs94 ,x w\ld be m exact to say1 h[ev]1 t ! be=e is also omitt$ by ,syrcu4 ,moreov]1 ,syrs9 agrees ) ,syrcu 9 read+ aft] 4 ,! subscription ( c]ta9 m9uscules /ates t ,luke's ,gospel 0 writt5 fifte5 ye>s aft] ! ,asc5sion4 ,"s say 1 o!rs v 1 :ile "o says v /rangely1 v 1 8= ,!ophilus1 :o became bi%op aft] div9e baptism40 1 #bfb1 #cjj also conta9 "h ! notice ( c>eful collation4 ,! *apt] enum]ation 9 ^! manuscripts is n ! same1 be+ #cdb1 #cdi1 & #cde respectively4 ,john4 ,9 ?is ,gospel ! att5tion ( textual critics 0 long conf9$ to ! passage vii4 #ec-viii4 #aa4 ,!y fail$ to obs]ve t 9 o!r places !re are clauses & :ole v]ses ^: omission or int]polation has to be inve/igat$ 9 connection ) vii4 #ec ff41 z1 = example1 iv4 #i1 v4 #c1 #d1 & t int]e/+ que/ions ( textual criticism are rais$ 9 o!r p>ts ( ! book z well4 ,*apt] xxi41 :i* ! la/ two v]ses ( ! prec$+ *apt] cle>ly %[ to be an ,app5dix1 is equally well atte/$ by all ! au?orities1 :ile ! omission ( xx4 #ca by ! fir/ h& ( ,g is j "o ( ^? unacc\ntable ph5om5a :i* make _! appe>ance s frequ5tly 9 ! doma9 ( textual criticism4 ,! same ?+ is probably to be said ( ! omission 9 ( ! la/ v]se ( *apt] xxi4 ,tis*5dorf 0 ( op9ion t ?is la/ v]se 9 1 toge!r ) ! conclud+ ornam5t & subscription1 0 n by ! same h& 7,a7 z _h writt5 ! ,gospel ( ,john1 b by ano!r 7,d7 :o _h act$ z corrector1 & _h writt5 "p ( ! ,apocrypha & six leaves ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,tregelles1 on ! o!r h&1 :o exam9$ ! passage 9 ,tis*5dorf's pres5ce1 ?\ght ! diff]5ce 0 due simply to ! scribe hav+ tak5 a fre% dip ( ! ink3 t at all ev5ts ! scribe :o wrote ! ,gospel 7,a7 did n int5d x to conclude ) v]se #bd1 o!rwise he w\ld h add$ a conclud+ ornam5t & subscription z 9 ! case ( ,mat!w & ,luke4 ,! v]se is f\nd 9 all ! o!r manuscripts & v]sions ) :i* we are acqua9t$1 & ! "q ) reg>d to is int]e/+ only f ! fact t a few manuscripts d conta9 a s*olium to ! effect t ! v]se is an addition 77 ins]t$ 9 ! m>g9 77 by "o ( ! s*ol>s 7 71#bgd & aft]w>ds incorporat$ 9 ! text by ano!r )\t ! k ( ! =m] 7 787 1 1 74 ,?is entire note1 h[ev]1 is evid5tly no m ?an an inf]5ce drawn f ! cont5ts ( ! v]se1 z ! ,syriac ,comm5t>y ( ,!odore %[s4 ,see fur!r1 ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #die1 & ! ref]5ce to ! ,comm5t>y ( ,i%odad 9 ,sa*au's ,v]zei*nis d] syris*5 ,h&s*rift5 9 ,b]l91 p4 #cjg4 ,) respect to ! p]icope adult]1 on ! o!r h&1 we may be q c]ta9 t x did n orig9ally /& 9 ! position x n[ occupies 7vii4 #ec-viii4 #aa71 nor inde$ 9 ,john's ,gospel at all1 al?\gh ! decision ( ! ,holy ,(fice ( ! #ac? ,febru>y #ahig1 :i* 0 confirm$ by ! ,pope two days lat]1 obliges ,ca?olic exegetes to hold x z g5u9e4 ,x is omitt$ 9 a great _m manuscripts & v]sions--e4g4 9 ,b ,l ,t4 ,a & ,c are defective "h1 b ! am\nt ( space %[s t !y c\ld n h conta9$ x4 ,x is omitt$ 9 ! ,syriac & ,egyptian v]sions1 9 ! ,arm5ian & ! ,go?ic1 9 "s ,old ,lat9 codices1 & 9 ! e>lie/ ( ! ,greek & ,lat9 ,fa!rs4 ,on ! o!r h& x is f\nd 9 all ! manuscripts ( ,j]ome & 9 ,codex ,d1 :i* is ! only "o ( ! e>li] ,greek manuscripts to conta9 x4 ,9 "s m9uscules & lat] ,arm5ian manuscripts x /&s at ! end ( ! f\r? ,gospel1 :]e n[ ,we/cott & ,hort put x4 ,9 m9uscule #bbe1 writt5 9 ! ye> #aaib1 x foll[s vii4 #cf2 9 ! ,georgian v]sion x comes aft] vii4 #dd2 :ile 9 ! ,f]r> ,gr\p--i4e4 9 m9uscules #ac1 #fi1 #abd1 #cdf1 #eef--;x is ins]t$ aft] ,luke xxi4 #ch4 ,its ins]tion aft] vii4 #cf is probably ! result ( an accid5tal error4 ,9 ! ,greek ,lection>ies ! liturgy = ,:itsunday beg9s at v]se #cg & ext5ds to v]se #eb1 foll[$ by viii4 #ab1 s t ! p]icope 01 by mi/ake1 ins]t$ be=e in/ead ( aft] ?is lection4 ,its position 9 ! ,georgian v]sion is ! m rem>kable1 see+ t 9 ! ,old ,lat9 ,codex b1 :i* conta9$ ! p]icope by ! fir/ h&1 ! entire passage f vii4 #dd-viii4 #ab has be5 eras$4 ,z a probable explanation ( its position 9 ! ,f]r> ,gr\p aft] ,luke xxi4 #ch1 x has be5 sugge/$ t ! scribe ins]t$ x !re ow+ to ! resemblance betwe5 ,luke xxi4 #cg & ,john viii4 #a1 & also betwe5 ,luke xxi4 #ch 77 & ,john viii4 #b 774 ,h>ris ?9ks t its prop] place is 9 ,john betwe5 *apt]s v4 & vi41 because ref]5ce is made 9 v4 #de1 #df to ! ,mosaic ,law1 :i* is also m5tion$ 9 viii4 #e4 ,b ! rem>kable ?+ is t "h aga9 ! text ( ,d diff]s 9 a conspicu\s mann] f t ( ! o!r witnesses4 ,9 viii4 #b ! words are want+3 9 v]se #d we meet ! s5t5ce 1 :i* does n come till aft] v]se #e 9 ! o!r text3 = ,d has 3 9 v]se #e x reads1 1 = :i* ! o!r text has 3 9 v]se #aa1 ,d has :]e ! o!r text has 4 ,n[1 if two p]sons got su* an easy s5t5ce z 8,moses 9 ! ,law comm&$ to /one su*0 to translate f ,lat91 ,hebrew1 or any o!r language into ,greek1 "o ( !m might q well use & 1 & ! o!r & 4 ,& s ! "q is sugge/$ :e!r ! two =ms 9 :i* ! text exi/s 7 n d]iv$ f diff]5t s\rces1 t ( ,d1 e4g41 f its ,lat94 ,b on clos] exam9ation ! latt] supposition is se5 to be impossible4 ,= ! ,lat9 correspond+ to is 8hab]5t accus>e eum10 %[+ t ! ,lat9 translator read 9 8 orig9al1#bge & = he has 8uti omnes exire10 :]e aga9 ! inf9itive speaks = ! priority ( ! ,greek4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is to be obs]v$ t1 accord+ to ,eusebius 7,eccles4 ,hi/41 iii4 c4 #ci1 sub f9471 ,papias knew & record$ an incid5t 1 ' 4 ,s t ! ,gospel accord+ to ! ,hebrews 7i4e4 ! ,pale/9ian ,jewi% ,*ri/ians7 conta9$ a n>rative simil> to ?is1 we may say q confid5tly1 conta9$ ?is n>rative4 ,f t ,gospel x 0 tak5 & ins]t$ 9 "s manuscripts aft] ,luke xxi41 9 o!rs aft] ,john vii4 ,by ! "t ( ,augu/9e x 0 s widely propagat$ 9 ! ,lat9 t he ?\ght x _h be5 remov$ f c]ta9 manuscripts by p ( weak fai?1 or r by enemies ( ! true fai?1 8cr$o metu5tes pecc&i immunitatem d>i muli]ibus suis40 ,! p]icope is no "p ( ,john's ,gospel1 ?\gh x belongs to ! olde/ /ock ( evangelic tradition4 ,on ! "q :e!r x may n orig9ally h /ood betwe5 ,m>k xii4 #ag & xii4 #ah1 & s betwe5 ,luke xx4 #bf & xx4 #bg1 see ,holtzmann 9 ! ,th,lz41 #ahih1 col4 #ecf f4 ,vide supra1 p4 #ff4 i4 #e4 ,zahn raises ! "q :at ^w ,ephraem f\nd 9 8 copy ( ! ,diatess>on correspond+ to 1 see+ he gives vicit4 ,9 ?is connection ,i might 7) ! proviso t ! read+ may be m easily expla9$ f ! ,arm5ian7 po9t out t ! ,syriac ^w corresponds to 9 ,sira* xxiii4 #f4 ,?is /&s else:]e = 1 1 1 1 1 4 also frequ5tly repres5ts ! ,greek 4 ,! ,s9ai-,syriac = ,john i4 #e is un=tunately lo/4 i4 #ac4 ,! read+ 444 is1 s f> z is kn[n at pres5t1 atte/$ by ,lat9 witnesses only1 8qui natus e/40 ,b z ,zahn is c>eful to po9t out 7,e9l41 ii4 #eah71 x did n orig9ate on ,lat9 soil1 = ,ju/9 presupposes x1 &1 moreov]1 ,ir5u con/antly applies ! passage to ! ,inc>nation1 :ile ! ,val5t9ians1 :o _h ! usual text1 7 accus$ by ,t]tullian ( falsification4 ,& x is n prov$ t ! two la/-m5tion$ us$ any?+ b a ,greek ,bible4 i4 #ag4 ,accord+ to e>ly te/imony1 ?is v]se1 s frequ5tly quot$ s9ce ! "t ( ,rits*l1 once ran3 8,! ,law 0 giv5 by ,moses1 b its tru? came by ,jesus40 ,see ,zahn1 ,=s*41 i4 #aba1 #bdh4 i4 #ah4 ,zahn agrees ) ,hort 9 hold+ t ! orig9ality ( ! read+ 7)\t ! article7 is e/abli%$4 ,see ,we/cott & ,hort1 ,notes on ,select ,read+s2 ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #edd1 #eeg2 ,we/cott1 ,comm5t>y on ,john1 9 loco4 ,x may be m5tion$ "h t ,codex ,monac5sis ( ,orig5's ,comm5t>y on ! ,gospel ( ,john has _/ _/ ) & bo? writt5 above ! l9e 9 a lat] h&4 ,?is gave rise 9 ! ,codex ,regius to ! read+ 4 i4 #bh4 ,is x or 8 ,! =m] is exhibit$ by ! ,s9ai-,syriac1 ! ,curetonian1 & ! m>g9 ( ! ,h>klean1 & ! latt] by ! o!r ?ree ,syriac1 & ! ,arabic ,diatess>on4 ,) reg>d to ! =m]1 is x ! case1 z is suppos$ by _m1 t x is due simply to a conjecture ( ,orig51 & t ,syrcu & ,syrs9 took x f him8 ,accord+ to ,zahn 7,,gk41 i4 #djf71 ,hilg5feld po9t$ 9 ?is direction 9 ! ,zfw,th41 #ahhc1 #aai4 ,see also ,lagrange1 ,origne1 la critique textuelle et la tradition topographique 7,revue ,biblique1 iv41 #ahie1 pp4 #eja-ebd74 ,orig5 expla9s z 1 & ! ,syriac z 8place ( praise40 ,comp>e on ?is ! mu*-discuss$ passage 9 ! ,gospel ( ,pet] 7 1 c4 xi474 1 on ! o!r h&1 he int]prets z 1 s t he mu/ ei!r h spelt x ,be?b>a1 1 z 9 ,jud4 vii4 #bd1 or tak5 x z ,be?-ha-b>a4 ,x is spelt 9 ,lag>de's ,onoma/ica ,sacra1 #bdj1 #ab1 & ,be?ab>a 9 #ajh1 #f 7,be?ba>a1 ,codex ,b74 ,j]ome 7see ,onoma/ica ,sacra7 int]pret$ ! "n z 8domus humilis 7 87 vel vesp]ae0 9 ,jo%ua xv4 #f1 z 8domus multa vel gravis0 9 xv4 #ei1 & z 9 xv4 #fa1 foll[+ ,symma*us4 ,lu!r _h ,be?>aba1 b 9 ?ree impressions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t & 9 ?ree ( ! ,po/ils he _h ,be?ab>a 7accord+ to ,b9dseil-,niemey]71 & 9 ! m>g9 ,be?b>a1 ) a note 9 :i* ref]5ce is rightly made to ,jud4 vii4 #bd1 8ut my/]ium consonet40 ,see my ,g]man or ,greek-,g]man ,new ,te/am5t4 ,x may be ask$ if 8,a9on0 9 ,john iii4 #bc has any connection ) ,be?ania4 ,comp>e 9 ,jos4 xv4 #ei4 ,= e has 9 eremo & f has 9 des]to4 ,h[ is ?is to be expla9$8 ,comp>e ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #efa4 i4 #cd4 ,= 991 ,syrcu1 ,syrs91 & e read 4 ,d is "h defective4 ,zahn ?9ks ! latt] read+ is orig9al1 & ! =m] an example ( an e>ly & widely curr5t alt]ation4 ,we/cott & ,hort ins]t among _! ,notewor?y ,reject$ ,read+s4 ,! two read+s are comb9$ 9 "s manuscripts 8electus filius ,dei40 ,see ,zahn1 ,e9l41 ii4 #eae1 #edd1 #eeg4 i4 #da4 ,zahn "h decides = ! nom9ative 4 ,bo? ! disciples ( ,john :o atta*$ !mselves to ,jesus f\nd _! bro!r1 b ,&rew 0 ! fir/ to d s4 ,see ,e9leitung1 ii4 #dgg f4 ii4 #b4 ,9 8 ,comm5t>y on ! ,gospels1 extant 9 ! ,arm5ian only1 we f9d ,ephraem say+1 8,graecus scribit recubuit et defecit v9um0 7 #ec71 :i* %[s t he _h a ,greek exempl> be=e him conta9+ ! itacism = 4 ,see ,zahn1 ,=s*41 i4 #fb1 #abg1 & comp>e ,luke xiv4 #h1 :]e ,antio*us1 ,homil41 iii41 has = 4 ii4 #c4 ,zahn is p]haps "r :5 he says t no critic ne$ d\bt = a mom5t t ! orig9al read+ is ! long]1 g5u9ely ,semitic text exhibit$ by 991 ! ,h>klean ,syriac1 & ! be/ ,lat9 manuscripts4 ,d is defective1 z also ,syrcu & ,syrs94 iii4 #e4 is atte/$ only by 991 a few m9uscules1 by c m1 & c]ta9 e>ly ,fa!rs1 9 place ( 1 :i* has n[ ! support ( ! ,s9ai-,syriac4 ,zahn ?9ks ! =m] read+ to be correct 7,e9leitung1 ii4 #bid74 ,if t is s1 ?is w be ! only place :]e ! expression is f\nd 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t outside ! ,gospel accord+ to ,mat!w1 :]e x occurs "s ?irty-?ree or ?irty-f\r times4 ,see note on 8,! ,k+dom ( ,heav50 9 ! ,expository ,times = ,febru>y #ahif1 p4 #bcf ff4 iii4 #bd4 ,zahn 7,e9l41 ii4 #eae7 ?9ks t ! omission ( ! article be=e %[s t !re 0 "s unc]ta9ty reg>d+ ! fact m5tion$ by ,john4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is op5 to "q4 ,t ! ins]tion or omission ( ! article may be ( importance is %[n by su* examples z ,john v4 #a2 ,mat!w xxii4 #bc2 ,acts xvi4 #f2 ,james ii4 #b4 iii4 #cd4 ,our k ( ! text ( ! ,s9ai-,syriac "h re/s solely on ! la/ read+ ( ,mrs4 ,lewis3 8,n accord+ to 8 measure gave 7or1 gives7 ,god ! ,fa!r40 ,?is r5d]+1 z well z ! ins]tion ( 9 _m ,greek texts1 is due to ! fact t 0 n tak5 z ! subject ( ! s5t5ce4 iv4 #a4 ,= ,tis*5dorf reads 1 :i* is probably correct4 is else:]e f\nd only ?ree times 9 ,john--viz41 vi4 #bc1 xi4 #b1 xx4 #bj4 ,accord+ to ,zahn 7,e9l41 ii4 #cia7 ! fir/ two passages are explanations outside ! ,gospel n>rative int]ject$ by ! evangeli/1 :ile ! words 9 ! la/ passage are spok5 f ! po9t ( view ( ! disciples4 iv4 #i4 ,! words 7 reta9$ by ,la*mann & by ,tis*5dorf 9 8 sev5? edition1 because ! only au?orities kn[n at t "t = _! omission 7 ,d a b e4 ,b :5 ! fir/ h& ( appe>$ 9 confirmation ( ! te/imony ( ^! witnesses1 ! words 7 dropp$ by ,tis*5dorf & bracket$ by ,we/cott & ,hort4 ,syrcu & ,syrs9 ins]t !m1 & p]haps ,tatian4 ,zahn is incl9$ to admit !m4 8,! classic brevity ( ! int]ject$ explanation speaks = its g5u95ess40 ,see 8 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #edi4 v4 #a4 is support$ by ,c etc41 & by ,a ,b ,d etc4 ,on ! *ronology1 see ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #eaf4 v4 #c;b1 #d4 ,aft] ,d alone ins]ts 1 & !n adds1 ) ,a#b ,c#c ,i 7?is la/1 h[ev]1 ) a/]isks71 ! clause 4 ,! %ort] text is giv5 by ,a99 ,b ,c99 ,l4 ,! :ole ( ! f\r? v]se is omitt$ by ,b ,c99 ,d1 #cc1 #aeg1 #cad4 ,9 ?is case ,d & ,a *ange sides4 ,)9 ! limits ( ! v]se !re are a great _m v>iations1 :i* %[ t x is a v e>ly addition4 ,"s ( ! words are hapax legom5a1 l 1 1 4 ,zahn ?9ks ! gloss may h be5 "o ( ! 8expositions0 ( ,papias4 ,accord+ to ! ,comm5t>y ( ,i%odad1 ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia did n consid] ?is v]se z "p ( ! ,gospel ( ,john 7,sa*au1 ,v]zei*nis d] syris*5 ,h&s*rift51 p4 #cjh74 ,see ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #eeg4 ,cyril says ! incid5t occurr$ at ,p5teco/4 v4 #cf4 ,zahn 7,e9l41 ii4 #eeg7 calls a difficult read+1 & "o t c\ld n h be5 inv5t$3 8,i1 z a ,great] ?an ,john1 h ! witness ( ,god40 vii4 #h4 has tak5 ! place ( 9 all ! uncials except ,d ,k ,m ,p1 a fact :i* reveals its antiquity4 is reta9$ also by ,syrcu & ,syrs94 ,! *ange 0 introduc$ to obviate ! inconsi/5cy betwe5 vii4 #h & vii4 #aj4 ,porphyry 7apud ,j]ome1 ,contra ,pelagium1 ii4 #ag7 on ! gr\nd ( 1 accus$ ,jesus ( 8incon/antia et mutatio10 & ,s*op5hau] 7,grundprobleme d] ,e?ik1 #bnd edition1 p4 #bbe7 cit$ ?is passage z ju/ify+ an occasional falsehood1 say+ t 8,jesus ,*ri/ himself on "o occasion utt]$ an int5tional untru?40 ,see ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #edg4 vii4 #ae4 ,see ,add5da1 p4 xvi4 viii4 #eg4 ,accord+ to ! au?ority cit$ 9 ! ,th,lz41 #ahii1 p4 #agf1 ! fir/ h& ( ,codex ,b is suppos$ to h writt5 3 8! f9al has be5 eras$1 & ! prec$+ x *ang$ into 40 ,i h exam9$ ! photograph ( ,b 9 ! ,/uttg>t ,libr>y1 & c f9d no trace ( an ev] hav+ /ood aft] 4 ,! blank space ( ! size ( two lett]s is meant to divide ! s5t5ces4 ,x is ! case1 h[ev]1 ?\gh nei!r ,tis*5dorf1 ,fabiani1 nor ! pamphlet ( #ahha m5tions x1 t ! fir/ h& wrote 1 :i* 0 !n made into by means ( a /roke drawn ?r\gh ! 4 ,! matt] is n insignificant 9 view ( :at is said 9 ,we/cott & ,hort's ,notes on ,or?ography1 ,app5dix1 p4 #afh4 ,burkitt supposes t 0 ! read+ ( ! ance/or ( ,b 7,texts & ,/udies1 vol4 v4 #e4 p4 ix74#bgf xii4 #g4 1 )\t 1 has ! support ( a comp>atively l>ge numb] ( manuscripts4 ,pe]lkamp & ,de ,koe read 444 2 ,zahn 7,e9l41 ii4 #eah7 has no d\bt t ! correct read+ is 444 1 & t x 0 replac$ by v 7)\t 7 on ! gr\nd t ?is ,m>y 0 n among ! wom5 :o came to ! sepul*re to ano9t ! body ( ,jesus4 ,he says t ! true text presupposes t ,m>y w\ld l to use ! rema9d] ( ! o9tm5t to ano9t ! body ( ,jesus aft] 8 dea?1 & t ! words ( ,jesus 7 int5d$ to prev5t ,m>y & ! disciples aft]w>ds foll[+ ! sugge/ion ( ,judas4 xiii4 #b4 ,! *ange ( a s+le lett] "h is important f a h>moni/ic po9t ( view4 99 ,b ,l read 1 i4e41 8dur+ supp]10 b c ,a ,d h 1 :i* means 8aft] supp]40 ,comp>e ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #ebj4 xiii4 #cd4 ,on ! =m 9 :i* ?is say+ 0 cit$ by ! ,m>cionites1 see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #fgh4 xviii4 #ab ff4 ,! ,s9ai-,syriac1 probably foll[+ ,tatian1 gives ! foll[+ arrangem5t ( ! v]ses--viz41 #ab1 #ac1 #bd1 #ad1 #ae1 #ai-bc1 #af-ah1 #be-bh4 ,on ?is see ,zahn1 ,e9l41 ii4 #eba4 ,spitta w\ld arrange ! v]ses1 #ab1 #ac1 #ai-bc1 #bd1 #ad1 #ae-ah1 #be;b1 #bg1 #bh4 ,see ,zahn1 ,e9l41 ii4 #eeh4 ,x does sometimes happ5 t a leaf ( a manuscript is misplac$1 b x is h>d to acc\nt = su* transpositions z ^!4 ,comp>e ! ,j\rnal ( ,!ological ,/udies1 ,octob] #aijj1 p4 #ada f4 xix4 #e4 ,?\gh n prop]ly connect$ ) ! criticism ( ! text1 ! "q may be ask$ "h1 by way ( a contribution to a subject mu* discuss$ ( late1 :e!r ! expression may n be connect$ ) 4 ,comp>e & 9 ,m>k ii4 #bg1 #bh4 ,9 ?is passage ( ,john1 ,b omits ! article be=e 1 read+ simply4 ,see ! ,expository ,times1 ,novemb] #ahii1 p4 #fb ff41 8,! ,"n ,son ( ,man & ! ,messianic ,consci\sness ( ,jesus10 :]e ,s*mi$el's article ) ! same title 9 ! ,prote/antis*e ,monat%efte is notic$4 xix4 #cg4 ,! quotation1 accord+ to ,zahn1 is made f ! ,hebrew4 ,! ,,lxx has ' 4 ,! lat] ,greek v]sions all seem to h kept ! fir/ ?ree words z 9 ! ,,lxx b to h v>i\sly correct$ ! second clause1 = :i* ,aquila gives 1 ,!odotion 1 ,symma*us 4 ,comp>e ) ?is ,apoc4 i4 #g1 2 ,b>nabas vii4 #i1 444 2 ,ju/91 ,dial4 #cb1 4 ,x has accord+ly be5 suppos$ t ,john 9 ! ,gospel & ,apocalypse foll[$ "s unkn[n ,greek v]sion :i* exhibit$ ! *>act]i/ic =ms 7f\nd only 9 ,john & ,b>nabas7 & 7giv5 by ,john1 ,ju/91 ,!odotion1 & p>tly by ,aquila74 ,b ?is supposition is simply a pro( ( unwill+ness to admit a palpable fact--viz41 t 9 ! ,gospel & ,apocalypse ,john gives an indep5d5t r5d]+ ( ! orig9al text ( ,ze*>iah xii4 #aj1 & t ,b>nabas & ,ju/9 foll[ ,john4 ,see ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #efc4 ,! subscriptions /ate t ! f\r? ,gospel 0 writt5 ?irty or ?irty-two ye>s aft] ! ,asc5sion1 at ,ephesus1 9 ! reign ( ,n]o1 or1 z "s say1 ( ,domitian4 ,x is also said to h be5 publi%$ by ,gaius1 ! ho/ ( ! ,apo/les 7 74 ,o!rs say t x 0 dictat$ to ,papias ( ,hi]apolis ! disciple ( ! ,apo/le4 ,on ! alleg$ autograph 77 pres]v$ at ,ephesus1 see above1 p4 #cj4 ,,acts4 ,x w\ld unduly enl>ge ! ext5t ( ?is "w 7 ,i to g on m5tion+ all ! passages 9 ! ,acts t are m or less /rik+ f ! textual po9t ( view4 ,?is book has already be5 m frequ5tly ref]r$ to ?an ! o!rs4 ,i w\ld aga9 ref] ! /ud5t to ,zahn's ,introduction4 ,i agree ) t writ] 9 ?9k+ x impossible 9 _m cases to suppose t a s*olia/ manufactur$ ! text we n[ f9d 9 ,codex ,d ) no o!r mat]ial be=e him save ! usual text & 8 inkhorn4 ,at ! same "t !re is und\bt$ly room = mu* div]sity ( op9ion ) respect to _m matt]s ( detail4 w\ld in/ance su* a simple n>rative z t ( ,acts iii4 #a-e1 & ask :at reasonable gr\nd a copyi/ c\ld h _h = alt]+ into 1 into 1 into 1 into or vice v]sa1 or = omitt+ or ins]t+ or 4#bgg ,su* *anges might1 h[ev]1 be introduc$ by an au?or :o writes a passage twice ov]4 ,)\t himself be+ fully consci\s ( 8 reasons = do+ s1 he might sub/itute a f9al con/ruction = a p>ticiple1 introduce or remove an asyndeton1 replace "o ^w by its synonym1 & make all ! /rik+ l+ui/ic *anges :i* a comp>ison ( ! two texts reveals4 ,"t w %[ :e!r ,i am "r 9 my conjecture t 9 iii4 #ad is due to an error 9 translation4 ,9 illu/ration ( ! int]*ange ( & 9 ii4 #dg1 ,i h cit$ 9 ,philologica ,sacra1 p4 #ci1 a numb] ( in/ances ( ! confusion ( or ) or 1 to :i* ,i w\ld n[ add ,daniel viii4 #ai1 ,sira* xlv4 #g2 xlvii4 #d2 ,matt4 i4 #ba 79 ! ,curetonian ,syriac74 ,comp>e also ,eusebius1 ,eccles4 ,hi/41 iv4 #ae1 #bf2 ,hi/ory ( ,m>y1 ix4 #ag2 xiv4 #aa 7ed4 ,budge74 ,:e!r ! *ange 9 ! passage 9 "q is really to be expla9$ 9 ?is way1 or by ! supposition ( an 8anti-,judaic t5d5cy10 z ,corss5 pref]s 7,gtt+] gelehrte ,anzeig51 #ahif1 vi4 #ddd71 may be left an op5 "q = ! pres5t4 ,i w\ld j po9t to "o ?+ 9 fav\r ( my view1 & 9 answ] to :at ,zahn says 9 8 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #dbc4 ,he says !re3 8,l+ui/ic consid]ations are aga9/ ! supposition t a pure ,greek l ,luke1 ! physician ( ,antio*1 0 able to read a ,hebrew book4 ,= a ?\s& ,jews 7,syrians & ,copts7 :o 7 able at t "t to read1 write1 & speak ,greek1 !re w\ld be at mo/ a s+le ,greek possess$ ( a correspond+ k ( ,hebrew or ,aramaic4 ,& ,i confess t ,i h hi!rto s\ght 9 va9 = ?is r>a avis40 ,q true1 b h[ d we "k t ! physician ( ,antio* 0 a pure ,greek8 ,all ! ,prologues to ! ,gospels unanim\sly call him 8natione ,syrus40 ,i h po9t$ out 9 my ,philologica ,sacra1 p4 #ac1 :at is v g5]ally admitt$1 t 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t d5otes simply ! 8hea!n10 :e!r !y speak ,greek or n4#bgh ,! woman m5tion$ 9 ,m>k vii4 #bf 0 a - 1 & 9 ! same way ,luke 0 a ( ,antio* 7,acts xi4 #bj71 b 4 ,he is "o ( ! ?\s& :o c\ld read1 write1 & speak ,greek1 ?\gh he 0 n above mak+ su* a mi/ake 9 translation :5 us+ a ,hebrew or ,aramaic book z ,i ?9k he c]ta9ly does 9 ,luke xi4 #da1 & z ,i am incl9$ to ?9k he does 9 ,acts iii4 #ad1 till ,i f9d a bett] explanation ( ! read+ ?an has yet be5 giv54#bgi ,i am glad to see f ,zahn t m ?an sev5ty ye>s ago1 9 8 diss]tation entitl$ ,de ,codice ,cantabrigi5si 7#ahbg71 p4 #af1 ,s*ultz sugge/$ t ! text ( ,d may p]haps be d]iv$ f a ,syriac v]sion4 ,accord+ to :at ,i h said above on ,tatian1 ?is view mu/ c]ta9ly be admitt$ z possible1 & ,i see t x has be5 reviv$ by ,*ase4 ,a new solution ( ! textual problem 9 ,acts has be5 sugge/$ by ,aug4 ,pott 7,d] ab5dlndis*e ,text d] ,apo/elges*i*te und die ,wir-,quelle1 ,leipzig1 #aijj74 ,he ?9ks t ! orig9al n>rative drawn up by ,luke exi/$ z a sep>ate "w = "s "t aft] x _h be5 work$ up into our canonical ,acts1 & t notes 7 tak5 f ! =m] & ins]t$ 9 ! m>g9 ( ! latt]1 & 9 ?is way came into ! text ( ,codex ,d & its associates4 ,aga9/ ?is1 h[ev]1 !re is ! fact t simil> problems em]ge 9 ! ,gospel ( ,luke :]e ?is di/9ction _c be made4 ,= ! sake ( brevity ,i app5d notes to a few passages only ( ,acts4 ,b at ! outset ,i mu/ express my surprise t ,w5dt1 ev5 9 8 eigh? edition ( #ahii1 repeats ! /atem5t t ! title ( ! book 9 ,d is 4 ,ev5 )\t ! assurance giv5 by ,blass 9 8 ,grammatik1 iii4 #a1 #b1 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t 8 /&s equally = bo? & 10 & t accord+ly may be ei!r or 4 ,9 ! case be=e u x is ! =m]4 ,z illu/rations take ! foll[+ f ,d 9 ,acts3--1 iii4 #ab1 iv4 #g2 1 vi4 #g2 1 iv4 #cj2 1 vii4 #bj2 & conv]sely 1 vii4 #aa2 1 viii4 #ba2 & side by side 9 ii4 #bb4 ,comp>e also ,m>k vi4 #b2 vi4 #ad2 xiii4 #be2 ,luke xxi4 #bf2 ,acts viii4 #ac2 7 2 2 74 ,x is true t 9 e case 9 :i* ! title is writt5 out1 :i* occurs only five times altoge!r1 x is 1 b ?is is to be und]/ood z plural1 l actus 9 ! ,lat94 ,x came aft]w>ds to be us$ z s+ul> 9 ! ,syriac 7,zahn1 ,e9l41 ii4 #cgj1 #chc1 #chh71 b t is no?+ /range4 ,we say 8! ,times says02 & we h an analogy 9 ! use ( ! ^w biblia 9 ! ,middle ,ages :5 ! neut] plural biblia bibliorum became biblia bibliae 7s+ul> fem99e74 i4 #bc4 ,x is a matt] ( comm5t>y r ?an ( textual criticism1 b ,w5dt1 9 8 eigh? edition1 ass]ts t no?+ fur!r is kn[n ( ?is ,joseph surnam$ ,ju/us4 ,eusebius1 on ! au?ority ( ,papias1 m5tions 1 7,eccles4 ,hi/41 iii4 #ci74 ,! "n ( ,ari/ion is ins]t$ 9 ! m>g9 ( ?is passage 9 ,ruf9us's ,lat9 translation ( ,eusebius4 ,?is m>g9al gloss acquires a peculi> importance f ! fact t ! "n ,ari/on is ins]t$ 9 ! ,ets*miadz9 manuscript ( ! ,gospels ov] ,m>k xvi4 #i-bj1 app>5tly ascrib+ ^! v]ses or _! ma9 cont5ts to him4 ,comp>e ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #bca1 & see ,plate ,,ix4 iv4 #f4 ,on ! read+ 9 ,d = 1 see above1 p4 #bdc4 iv4 #bd1 & v4 #ci4 ,see ,h>ris1 ,two ,important ,glosses 9 ! ,codex ,bezae1 ,expositor1 ,novemb] #aijj1 pp4 #cid-djj4 xi4 #bg1 #bh4 ,9 8 treatise1 8,on ! ,orig9al ,text ( ,acts xi4 #bg1 #bh0 7,b]l9] ,sitz4-,b]i*te1 ,heft #ag71 ,h>nack comes to ! conclusion t ! ,we/]n text "h _c be ! orig9al4 xv4 #bj1 #ba4 ,on ,h>nack's exam9ation ( ! ,apo/olic ,decree1 see ,selbie 9 ! ,expository ,times = ,june #ahii1 p4 #cie4 ,h>nack comes to ! same results z ,zahn1 b draws ! opposite conclusion f !m4 ,see above1 p4 #bcb f4 xvi4 #f4 ,! article is omitt$ be=e by ,a ,b ,c ,d m9uscules4 ,= ?is ,blass1 on ! au?ority ( p1 :i* reads 8,galatie regiones10 sub/itutes 8vicos ,galatiae40 ,on ?is see ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 i4 #acc4 ,! omission ( ! article does n necessitate tak+ z an adjective 7s ,w5dt#h72 x might /ill be r5d]$ 8?r\gh ,phrygia & ,galatian t]ritory40 xvii4 #bg4 ,9 my ,philologica ,sacra1 p4 #db1 ,i say t x 0 easi] to *ange 77 into 77 ?an vice v]sa4 ,to ?is ,w5dt replies 9 8 eigh? edition1 p4 #bid1 by say+1 8,9 all probability (f5ce 0 tak5 at ! repres5tation ( ,god himself z an object ( 40 ,yes1 !re is a consid]able diff]5ce betwe5 ,hector alive & ,hector dead1 & ( ! latt] x c\ld be truly said 7,iliad1 xxii4 #cgb f473 4 ,b ! ( :i* ,paul speaks on ! ,areopagus is mo/ assur$ly no m & no less a noli me tang]e ?an ! 4 ,among ! witnesses 9 support ( is ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria4 ,i c only repeat :at ,zahn says3 8,:oev] is c>eful to be> 9 m9d t our e>lie/ manuscripts are "s two hundr$ ye>s lat] ?an ,m>cion1 ,tatian1 & ,ir5u1 & has any s5se ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 nave orig9ality & a regul>ity due to liturgical1 dogmatic1 & /yli/ic consid]ations10 _c b judge diff]5tly ) respect to 4 xviii4 #c4 ,see my article1 8,! ,h&icraft ( ,/4 ,paul10 9 ! ,am]ican ,j\rnal ( ,biblical ,lit]ature1 xi4 #b1 #ahib1 on lor>ius z ! ,syriac r5d]+ ( 1 1 lea!r-cutt]1 & ! notes 9 ! ,expository ,times = ,decemb] #ahif1 & ,janu>y & ,m>* #ahig4 ,*ryso/om calls ,paul 1 & 9 ! ,inv5tio ,sanctae ,crucis1 x is said1 8ex]cebat artem sca5ographiam40 ,?is la/ ^w ,i h expla9$ z a confusion ) 1 z ,pr(essor ,ramsay also does4 ,9 ! ,comp5di\s ,syriac ,diction>y ( ,j4 ,payne ,smi? 7:i* mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) ! ,!saurus ( h] fa!r71 lor>ius is expla9$ z 8a mak] ( r\gh clo? = t5ts or horse-clo?s40 ,b !re is no?+ said ab\t t5ts ev5 by ! ,syriac s*olia/s4 ,! correct mean+ w be f\nd 9 ,brockelmann4 ,celsus 7,orig51 ,contra ,celsum1 vi4 #cc7 speaks ( 1 1 1 1 1 4 ,paul is evid5tly ref]r$ to aft] ,judas ,isc>iot1 b :o are meant by & 8 xix4 #f4 ,i fail to und]/& h[ anyone c dismiss ,d "h ) ! rem>k1 8,on acc\nt ( ,paul's express decl>ation z to ! desirability ( ! gift ( tongues be+ supplem5t$ by t ( int]pretation 7#a ,cor4 xiv4 #e1 #ac1 #bg71 ?is addition seem$ to be requir$ 9 ?is case :]e ,paul communicat$ ! gifts ( ! ,_s0 7,mey]-,w5dt1 eigh? edition1 p4 #cab74 xx4 #d4 ,= ,d99 has or 1 & g dov]ius4 ,moreov]1 ,d99 has 1 n 1 z ,tis*5dorf has x4 ,valck5a] & ,blass ins]t a comma aft] 1 & sub/itute = aft] 1 ) ! result t ,gaius becomes a ,!ssalonian1 & ,timo?y a ,d]bean4 ,= ?is ,zahn sees no necessity4 ,see 8 ,e9leitung1 i4 #adi4 xxviii4 #af4 ,on 77 :i* ,gigas r5d]s pr9ceps p]egr9orum1 see note on xxvii4 #a1 9 ,kn[l+'s ,acts ( ! ,apo/les1 ,expositor's ,greek ,te/am5t1 vol4 ii4 p4 #eaf2 article 8,julius0 9 ,ha/+s' ,bible ,diction>y1 ,ramsay 9 ! ,expositor1 ,novemb] #aijj2 ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 i4 #chi f4 ,w5dt 7eigh? edition1 p4 #dbj7 omits ! words 9 xxviii4 #af1 on ! gr\nd t _! omission ei!r by mi/ake or design is v unlikely1 b _! ins]tion1 on ! o!r h&1 q intelligible4 ,?is only %[s h[ little reliance c be plac$ on subjective criticism4 ,we are n yet suffici5tly well acqua9t$ ) ! subscriptions ( ! m9uscules1 b x may be cit$ "h t 9 "o ( !m ,luke is call$ 1 & 9 ano!r 4 ,,paul9e ,,epi/les4 ,9 ! arrangem5t ( ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x has become cu/om>y to foll[ ! ord] adopt$ by ,tis*5dorf & ,we/cott & ,hort1 :o place ! ,ca?olic ,epi/les be=e ! ,paul9e4 ,9 ! ,/uttg>t edition ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 h[ev]1 ,i h1 9 accordance ) e>li] usage1 put ! ,paul9e ,epi/les aft] ! ,gospels & ,acts4 ,consid]+ :at is said by ,hort himself 9 #dbb ( 8 ,introduction1 & also :at we f9d 9 ,no4 #f ( ,b]g]'s ,li/ ( ! v>i\s arrangem5ts ( ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t 7,hi/oire de la ,vulgate1 p4 #cci f471 x might h be5 m correct to h put ,paul imm$iately aft] ! ,gospels1 z 9 ,codex ,s9aiticus4 ,b see+ t ! ,lat9 & ,g]man ,bibles at pres5t exhibit ! ord]1 ,gospels1 ,acts1 ,paul9e ,epi/les1 ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 & t ,mey]'s ,comm5t>y is also arrang$ on ?is pr9ciple1 ,i h reta9$ ?is arrangem5t = ! sake ( uni=mity4 ,"h aga9 ,i mu/ ref] ! /ud5t = matt]s ( detail to l>g] works1 especially to ,zahn's ,e9leitung4 ,a few ( ! m important passages w be consid]$ 9 ! sequel1 b previ\sly some?+ may be said "h ( ! orig9 & circulation ( ! collective writ+s ( ,paul4 #a4 ,paul1 accompani$ by ,silvanus & ,timo?y1 came f ,philippi to ,!ssalonica on 8 second mission>y j\rney1 some:]e ab\t ! ye> #ed1 ?\gh ,h>nack puts x z e>ly z #di-ej4 ,!re he ga!r$ toge!r a *ur* 9 ! %ort space ( ?ree or f\r weeks1 if we may cr$it ! acc\nt giv5 9 ,acts xvii4 #b 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,at all ev5ts he 0 n long !re4 ,di/urbances simil> to ^? 9 ,philippi arose1 :i* compell$ him to leave ! city4 ,he came to ,a!ns4 ,9 8 anxiety ov] ! int]nal & ext]nal circum/ances ( ! newly-f\nd$ *ur* at ,!ssalonica1 he s5t back ,timo?y f ,a!ns to confirm ^? he _h left beh9d4 ,:5 8 mess5g] return$ he wrote to ! ,!ssalonian ,*ur*1 9 all probability n f ,a!ns b f ,cor9?1 :]e he _h gone 9 ! int]val ( ,timo?y's abs5ce4 ,?is lett] we "k z ! ,fir/ ,epi/le to ! ,!ssalonians4 ,x is unc]ta9 :e!r ! apo/le1 z 9 mo/ o!r cases1 dictat$ ! epi/le1 writ+ only ! salutation & conclud+ b5$iction ) 8 own h& 7comp>e #b ,!ss4 iii4 #ag3 1 71#bhj or :e!r he wrote x all himself 9 l>ge lett]s1 z he did 9 ! case ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,galatians :i* he wrote 7,gal4 vi4 #aa71 ei!r on acc\nt ( "s affection ( ! eyes or because he 0 a craftsman & _h little practice 9 writ+4 ,! epi/le 0 int5d$ = ! entire *ur* at ,!ssalonica1 ( :i* ,ari/>*us1 ,secundus1 & p]haps also ,gaius 7see above1 on ,acts xx4 #d71 are kn[n to u by "n4 ,x 0 probably address$ to ! olde/1 or mo/ prom95t1 or mo/ active memb] ( ! ,*ri/ian community4 ,at ! close ( ! epi/le1 ! writ] expressly adjures !m to see t x is read by all ! bre?r54 ,x w\ld1 !re=e1 be read al\d at ! next meet+ ( ! congregation4 ,!re & !n1 "s poor slave or ag$ woman w\ld ask to h ! lett] = ! purpose ( copy+ x4 ,:at became ( ! orig9al we d n "k4 ,9 ! v fir/ copy t 0 made1 mi/akes & alt]ations w\ld make _! appe>ance1 & ^! w\ld be multipli$ ) e fre% copy4 #b4 ,at ! close ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,colossians 7iv4 #af71 ,paul asks t :5 !y h read x1 !y w see t x is also read 9 ! ,*ur* ( ,laodicans1 & t !y !mselves read ! epi/le f ,laodica 7 74 ,f ?is x has g5]ally be5 suppos$ t an epi/le ( ,paul to ,laodica has be5 lo/4 ,an epi/le ) ?is title 0 re/or$ at a v e>ly date1 9 ! second c5tury4 ,x is no long] extant 9 ,greek1 b _m ,lat9 manuscripts & editions ( ! ,bible conta9 x1 & x is also f\nd 9 ! pre-,lu!ran ,g]man ,bibles4 ,b ! epi/le f ,laodica ref]r$ to by ! ,apo/le may p]haps h be5 ! circul> lett] :i* we n[ "k z ! ,epi/le to ! ,ephesians1 & :i* may h be5 int5d$ to g1 among o!r places1 to ,laodica1 & f !re to ,colossae4 ,h[ev] t may be1 we see t at a v e>ly date !re 7 epi/les ( ,paul to v>i\s places1 & t copies ( ^! might be made at ea* place1 & /ill fur!r di/ribut$4 ,a p>allel case is t ( ! ,koran1 ! diff]5t rec5sions ( :i* are di/+ui%$ accord+ to ! cities :5ce !y orig9at$4 ,ev5 at t "t1 !re=e1 ! beg9n+s ( a collection ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les might be made4 ,by ! "t t ! ,second ,epi/le ( ,pet] 0 writt51 x 0 kn[n t 8bro!r ,paul1 accord+ to ! wisdom giv5 to him1 _h writt5 _m epi/les1 9 :i* 7 "s ?+s h>d to be und]/ood0 7#b ,pet] iii4 #ae74 #c4 ,:5 a great man dies1 we h usually a collection ( ! lett]s he receiv$ 9 8 lifetime1 b n ( ^? he himself wrote1 & to collect ^! la/ is frequ5tly a matt] ( consid]able difficulty4 ,we h !re=e reason to congratulate ourselves t we h1 )9 ! cov]s ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 epi/les ( ,paul address$ to ! mo/ div]se regions--to ,mac$onia 7#a & #b ,!ss41 ,philippians71 to ,a*aia 7#a & #b ,cor9?ians71 to ,asia ,m9or 7,ephesians1 ,colossians1 ,galatians71 & to ,italy 7,romans71 n to speak ( ! s-call$ ,pa/oral or private ,epi/les--epi/les1 moreov]1 ! dates ( :i* ext5d ov] a p]iod ( at lea/ eight ye>s4#bha ,x is1 ( c\rse1 evid5t t ! appe>ance ( an epi/le 9 ?is collection is n 9 itself a gu>antee ( ,paul9e au?or%ip4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 ! collection mu/ h be5 made at a v e>ly date1 because we f9d1 almo/ )\t exception1 n only ! same numb] ( ,paul9e epi/les1 b also ! same ord] ( _! arrangem5t4 ,!re is sc>cely any evid5ce ( ! circulation ( a p>ticul> epi/le by itself4 ,true1 ! ord] n[ usually adopt$1 :i* has be5 ! prevail+ ord] f ! f\r? c5tury onw>ds & :i* seems1 = ! mo/ "p1 to arrange ! epi/les accord+ to _! l5g? 7,romans1 #a & #b ,cor9?ians1 ,galatians1 ,ephesians1 & s on71 is n ! orig9al4 ,9 ! ,muratorian ,canon 7s call$ f its discov]]71 :i* is a v old catalogue ( ! books ( ! ,bible1 ! ,epi/les to ! ,cor9?ians /& at ! head ( ! collection & t to ! ,romans at ! end4 ,t]tullian _h ! same arrangem5t1 :ile ,m>cion1 = dogmatic reasons app>5tly1 put ,galatians fir/1 !n #a & #b ,cor9?ians1 ,romans4 ,! pres5t condition ( our ,epi/le to ! ,romans is also suppos$ to po9t to its =m] position at ! end ( ,paul's epi/les to ! *ur*es4 ,9 t epi/le ! conclud+ doxology is f\nd at diff]5t places1 :ile _m look ^u *ap4 xvi4 #a-bc z a sep>ate docum5t1 orig9ally int5d$ = ,ephesus1 :i* 0 atta*$ to ! entire collection at ! end4 ,among o!r v>ieties ( arrangem5t x may be m5tion$ t ,colossians frequ5tly foll[$ #b ,!ssalonians4 ,:5 & :]e ! fir/ collection took its rise1 & by :om ! second arrangem5t 0 introduc$1 c no long] be det]m9$ ) c]ta9ty4 ,zahn ?9ks ! fir/ orig9at$ at ,cor9? ab\t ! ye> #he1 8 reason be+ t x seems to be presuppos$ 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,cor9?ians writt5 by ,clem5t ( ,rome ab\t ! ye> #ie4 ,! second he w\ld date f ,alex&ria1 betwe5 #bbj & #bfj4 ,if we might suppose t all our extant manuscripts are d]iv$1 n f sep>ate copies ( ! ,epi/les1 b f a copy ( ! e>lie/ collection1 x w\ld s]ve to expla9 h[ x comes t c]ta9 corruptions h f\nd _! way into ! text ( all our manuscripts--e4g4 9 ,colossians ii4 #ah4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! v>iations at ! end ( ,romans1 e4g41 are ( su* a sort t _! orig9 seems to be ant]ior to ! =mation ( ! collection4 ,x is n s difficult to und]/& h[ x is t ! ,epi/le to ! ,hebrews1 :i*1 x is c]ta91 0 n writt5 by ,paul1 v>ies s mu* ) reg>d to its position 9 ! collection4 ,9 ! ,syriac ,bible1 & 9 ! majority ( lat] ,greek manuscripts1 x comes aft] all ! ,paul9e epi/les1 ! reason be+ t ! ,syrian ,*ur* did n consid] x to be really ( ! numb] ( ^!4 7,see ,we/cott1 ,bible 9 ! ,*ur*1 p4 #bcc f474 ,9 ! e>li] ,greek manuscripts1 h[ev]1 x occupies ! t5? place1 /&+ betwe5 ! epi/les ( ,paul to ! *ur*es & ! ,pa/oral ,epi/les4 ,9 ! e>ly ,sahidic v]sion1 & 9 ! ,comm5t>ies ( ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia1 x is f\nd betwe5 #b ,cor9?ians & ,galatians2 9 ! p>5t manuscript ( ,codex ,b x /ood betwe5 ,galatians & ,ephesians4 ,9 8 ,hi/oire de la ,vulgate1 p4 #eci f41 ,b]g] gives sev5te5 diff]5t ways 9 :i* ! ,paul9e epi/les are arrang$ 9 ,lat9 ,bibles--viz41 ,col41 ,!ss41 #a ,tim42 ,!ss41 ,col41 #a ,tim42 ,phil41 ,laod41 ,col42 ,col41 ,laod41 ,!ss42 ,col41 ,!ss41 ,laod42 ,!ss41 ,col41 #a1 #b ,tim41 ,tit41 ,laod42 ,!ss41 ,col41 ,laod42 ,phil41 ,laod41 ,heb42 ,heb41 ,laod42 ,heb41 #a1 #b ,tim41 ,tit41 ,phil42 ,apoc41 ,laod42 ,ephes41 ,col42 ,gal41 ,laod41 ,ephes42 ,ephes41 #a1 #b1 #c ,cor41 ,laod42 ,phil41 ,!ss41 #a ,tim42 ,apoc41 #c ,cor42 ,col41 ,phil4 ,romans4 ,) reg>d to ! v "n & introduction ( ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans1 x is wor? obs]v+1 t :ile ! words are read 9 v]ses #g & #ae by all our manuscripts1 ) ! sole exception ( ,g1 _! omission by ,orig5 is atte/$ by ! critical "w discov]$ by von d] ,goltz on ,m\nt ,a?os 7vide supra1 pp4 #ij1 #aij71 :i* says t ,orig5 takes no notice ( ! words3 4 ,! ,lat9 comm5t>y has !m1 & presupposes !m 9 ! exposition4 ,our editions ( ,orig5 h hi!rto giv5 !m once 9 ! ,greek z well 7iv4 #bhg71 b we mu/ wait = ! new edition be=e we c say ) c]ta9ty t ?is is correct4 ,! matt] is n devoid ( importance4 ,if ! omission is orig9al1 !n x is possible to ?9k t ,romans1 l ,hebrews1 0 orig9ally a circul> lett]2 :ile on ! o!r h&1 if ! words are an integral "p ( ! epi/le1 we may suppose ) von d] ,goltz t !y 7 aft]w>ds dropp$ :5 ! epi/le began to be read 9 *ur*1 s z to make x applicable to all ,*ri/ians4 ,see ,jacques ,simon1 ,revue d',hi/oire et de ,littrature religieuses1 iv4 #b 7#ahii71 #agg2 ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 i4 #bgh2 ,th,lbl41 #ahii1 #agi4 i4 #c4 ,on ! ,syriac read+ 8( ! h\se ( ,david10 see ,vett]1 ,d] apokryphe dritte ,kor9!rbrief1 #ahid1 p4 #be1 & my ,note 9 ! ,lection>y publi%$ 9 ,/udia ,s9aitica1 vi4 7see above1 p4 #ajf74 i4 #ac4 ,= ,d99 ,g ,ambrosia/] read 1 :i* ,zahn ?9ks s\nds m natural1 & q likely to be replac$ by ! o!r expression s common 9 ,paul's epi/les4 ,e9leitung1 i4 #bfb4 i4 #ae4 ,= ,d99 reads 1 ,g ' 1 g 9 vobis4 i4 #af4 ,m>cion 0 accus$ ( hav+ remov$ or f 8 text4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is n s 7see ,zahn1 ,,gk41 i4 #fci2 ii4 #eae74 ,x is also omitt$ 9 ,b ,g1 %[+1 z ,zahn ?9ks1 t x 0 reg>d$ z obnoxi\s at an e>ly date 7,e9leitung1 i4 #bfc74 ,m>cion did1 h[ev]1 drop ! quotation f ,habakkuk 9 ! next v]se4 ii4 #af4 ,m>cion 9 all probability wrote )\t 1 :i* is n[ omitt$ only by #cg d994 ,9 ! "t ( ,orig5 & 9 ! c5turies foll[+1 ,m>cion's disciples laid emphasis n on 1 b on ! fact t is 9 ! s+ul> numb]4 ,!y *>g$ ! ,*ur* ) hav+ n "o ,gospel1 b sev]al4 ,see ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #aga4 v4 #a4 ,tis*5dorf1 ,we/cott & ,hort1 & ,weym\? all foll[ ! mass ( ! uncials 9 read+ 1 & ,i 0 !re=e oblig$ to give ?is z ! text ( my ,/uttg>t edition ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,= myself1 h[ev]1 ,i hold ) ,scriv5] & ,weiss t is c]ta9ly ! correct read+4 ,! same mis-spell+ occurs 9 sev]al manuscripts 9 ,john xix4 #g1 4 ,= ! reason ( x1 see ,s*mi$el's ,w9]1 #ai4 ,accord+ to ,zahn1 mu/ be consid]$ ! "r read+1 & 7v]se #b7 tak5 also z subjunctive4 ,see 8 ,e9leitung1 i4 #bfd4 v4 #ba4 ,! words 7 omitt$ by ,erasmus1 &1 !re=e1 also by ,lu!r4 ,?is is n notic$ by ,tis*5dorf1 nor by ,baljon1 :o foll[s him4 xi4 #ac4 is read by ,a ,b ,p1 = :i* ,d ,g ,l h 4 ,zahn ?9ks x difficult to say :i* is "r1 b t ! s5se is mu* ! same 9 ei!r case4 ,e9leitung1 i4 #bfe f4 xiii4 #c4 ,! conjecture is ?\ght by ,hort to h a c]ta9 am\nt ( probability 7,notes on ,select ,read+s1 9 loco74 ,s*mi$el also ?9ks x des]v+ ( consid]ation 7,w9]1 #ai74 xiv4 #e4 ,on ! omission ( 7,b ,d ,g71 see ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 i4 #bff4 xiv4 #bc4 ,conclusion ( ! ,epi/le4 ,! be/ discussion ( ! ,conclusion ( ! epi/le w n[ be f\nd 9 ,zahn's ,e9leitung1 vol4 i4 #bb1 pp4 #bfg-bih1 ,die ,integritt des ,rm]briefs4 ,comp>e also ,rigg5ba*1 ,kritis*e ,/udi5 b] d5 ,s*luss des ,rm]briefs3 two treatises publi%$ 9 ! ,neue ,jahrb*] fr deuts*e ,!ologie1 ,er/] ,b&1 #ahib4 ,bonn1 #ahib2 ,die ,adresse des #af4 ,kapitels des ,rm]briefs1 pp4 #dih-ebe2 ,die ,textges*i*te d] ,doxologie1 ,rm4 xvi4 #be-bg im ,zusamm5hang mit d5 brig5 d5 ,s*luss des ,rm]briefs betreff5d5 textkritis*5 ,frag5 errt]t4 ,also1 ,f4 ,j4 ,a4 ,hort1 ,prolegom5a to ! ,epi/les to ! ,romans & ! ,ephesians1 #ahie2 ,s&ay & ,headlam1 ,comm5t>y on ,romans4 ,9 c]ta9 manuscripts prior to ! "t ( ,orig51 ! ,doxology 0 f\nd betwe5 xiv4 #bc & xv4 #a4 ,x n[ /&s aft] xiv4 #bc 9 ,a ,l ,p & ab\t #bjj m9uscules1 :ile at ! same "t ! epi/le is c]ta9ly cont9u$ to xv4 #ac4 ,b5gel alone has sugge/$ a reason = ?is4 ,he supposes t ! solemn words 9 xiv4 #bc1 1 7 felt to =m an unsatisfactory close to a *ur* lection1 & t ! doxology 0 accord+ly ins]t$ "h4 ,moreov]1 see+ t no "p ( xvi4 #a-be 0 includ$ 9 any lection1 ?is w\ld be an additional reason = atta*+ ! doxology to ! end ( *apt] xiv41 z o!rwise ?is gr& passage might n be read at all4 ,x mu/ be confess$1 h[ev]1 t ?is explanation is n altoge!r satisfactory4 ,x is fur!r to be obs]v$ t ! ,b5$iction is f\nd sometimes aft] xvi4 #bj1 sometimes aft] xvi4 #bc1 & sometimes 9 bo? places4 ,9 ! la/ case x is f\nd "u ?ree conditions3 7#a7 be=e ! doxology1 7#b7 )\t x1 7#c7 aft] x4 ,) reg>d to ! s+le ,b5$iction1 x is ins]t$ aft] v]se #bj 9 ,a ,b ,c1 & aft] v]se #bc 9 ,d ,g4 ,an explanation ( ^! v>iations has frequ5tly be5 s\ght 9 ! supposition t *apt] xvi4 is "p ( an epi/le address$ to ,ephesus1 :i* has 9 "s way be5 incorporat$ 9 ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans4 ,on ?is supposition ! only "q is :e!r ! :ole ( *apt] xvi4 belongs to ?is ,ephesian epi/le or only ! fir/ tw5ty v]ses1 :ile v]ses #ba-bc belong to ! orig9al ,epi/le to ! ,romans4 ,improbable z ?is may appe> at ! fir/ glance1 x admits ( an easy explanation4 ,x may be due to ! fact t ,romans once /ood at ! end ( ! collection ( ,paul9e epi/les4 ,or we may suppose t ! comm5datory epi/le = ,phbe address$ to ,ephesus & ! ,epi/le to ! ,romans 7 writt5 at ! same "t1 & t 9 s5d+ !m (f1 ! %eet conta9+ ! =m] by "s mi/ake slipp$ 9 be=e ! la/ %eet ( ! ,roman epi/le4 ,on ?is view1 ! fir/ b5$iction 9 v]se #bj1 444 ' 1 w\ld belong to ! ,ephesian epi/le1 :ile ! second1 444 to ! ,roman4 ,! uncial ,l w\ld !n be "r 9 reta9+ bo?1 :ile ,d ,e ,f ,g w h omitt$ ! b5$iction ! fir/ "t x occurr$1 & ,a ,b ,c ! second "t4 ,at ! same "t x _c be disguis$ t !re are difficulties 9 connection ) ! close ( *apt] xv4 ,m9uscule #dh omits ! la/ v]se 7#cc74 ,9 v]se #cb1 ,b reads simply 1 :ile ! o!r witnesses h 1 & v>y betwe5 & ' 4#bhb ,zahn ?9ks t ! orig9al position ( ! ,doxology is aft] xiv4 #bc & n[h]e else4 ,n[ ! au?ority = ins]t+ ! ,doxology !re only is ,l & _m m9uscules1 ,a ,p & a few m9uscules hav+ x 9 bo? places4 ,if ,zahn is "r1 %\ld n ! te/imony ( ,l be accept$ 9 o!r places z well z ?is1 or at lea/ h m def]5ce paid to x ?an seems n[ to be ! case4 ,! te/imony = ! omission ( ! ,doxology !re has rec5tly be5 endors$ by t ( ! ,pale/9ian ,syriac ,lection>y1 publi%$ 9 ,/udia ,s9aitica1 vi4 xv41 xvi4 ,zahn po9ts out t we _c consi/5tly lay /ress on ! suppos$ entire abs5ce ( ^! *apt]s 9 ,m>cion1 unless we are prep>$ to ma9ta9 at ! same "t t ! o!r passages :i* he fails to m5tion1 su* z ,gal4 iii4 #f-i1 #ae-be1 iv4 #bg-cj2 ,romans i4 #ai-;ii4 #a1 iii4 #ca-;iv4 #be1 ix4 #a-cc1 x4 #e-xi4 #cb2 ,coloss4 i4 #ae;b1 #af1 7 unkn[n to him1 & only smuggl$ into ! text aft]w>ds by falsifi]s on ! ,ca?olic side4 ,zahn ?9ks x probable t ,m>cion /ruck out ! num]\s p]sonal ref]5ces 9 *apt] xvi4 z be+ useless & un$ify+ = ! ,*ur* ( 8 day4 xv4 #bc1 #bd4 ,zahn holds t ! lat] ,antio*ean read+ 7c ,eu?al41 etc47 is und\bt$ly spuri\s1 & ! z c]ta9ly g5u9e 7,e9leitung1 i4 #bfg74 xvi4 #bg4 ,zahn 7,e9leitung1 i4 #bhf7 is incl9$ to reg>d z ! correct read+ "h = two reasons3 7#a7 because ! incomplet5ess ( ! s5t5ce made x liable to correction1 & 7#b7 because ! correction is effect$ 9 v diff]5t ways4 ,9 "s manuscripts is *ang$ into 7,p1 ,copt41 #ca1 #ed71 9 o!rs x is omitt$ altoge!r 7,b ,f-lat4 ,syr471 :ile 9 o!rs aga9 takes ! place ( 7#ee1 #dc-s*olion74 ,subscription3 simply1 ,a ,b ,c ,d2 o!rs1 1 to :i* "s add 2 o!rs1 4 #a ,cor9?ians4 ,all ! manuscripts 9 :i* ! numb] ( ! epi/le is indicat$ by a ^w & n by a num]al 7'7 call x 1 nev] 4 ,orig51 h[ev]1 says 7ii4 #cdg74 i4 #b4 ,! words are read imm$iately aft] by ,b ,d99 ,g4 ,?is arrangem5t is adopt$ by ,weiss1 & support$ by ,zahn z und\bt$ly g5u9e 7,e9leitung1 i4 #baj74 ,he9rici is incl9$ to reg>d x z a transcriptional error :i* 0 v apt to occur 9 copy+ /i*ometric manuscripts4 ,b 7 !re /i*ometric manuscripts antec$5t to ! "t ( ,codex ,b8 iii4 #bb4 ,m>cion seems to h dropp$ ! "n ( ,apollos "h4 ,inde$1 !re is no trace 9 ,m>cion ( any ( ! passages :]e ,paul m5tions 8 "n4 8,:at 0 ,apollos to ! ,*ur* ( ! second c5tury80 7,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #fdi47 v4 #b4 ,= ,nab] sugge/s 4 ,?is is n notic$ by ,baljon1 :o is else:]e c>eful to m5tion ! conjectural em5dations propos$ by 8 c\ntrym54 vi4 #bj4 ,x 0 d\btless ow+ to a transcriptional error t ,m>cion read betwe5 & 4 ,b h[ x orig9at$1 :e!r f or by dittography1 x is h>d to say4 x4 #i4 ,9 place ( we f9d read by ,d ,g ,k ,l1 ,m>cion1 ,ir5u 7iv4 #bg1 #c71 ,clem5t 7,ecl4 ,proph41 #di71 & ! e>ly v]sions4 ,see above1 p4 #aeb1 & comp>e ,zahn on ! read+ = 9 ,jude #e 7,e9leitung1 ii4 #hh f474 xiv4 #ai4 ,= ,m>cion read 8p] legem0 1 :i* 0 arriv$ at p>tly by a transcriptional error & p>tly by consci\s alt]ation4 ,?is c\ld n h occurr$1 h[ev]1 unless ! orig9al read+ 0 1 :i* is /ill f\nd 9 a good _m manuscripts1 & n 1 ! read+ pref]r$ by mo/ ( our editors4 ,! latt] is p]haps ! result ( an assimilation to ! con/ruction ( 4 xiv4 #ca-cd4 ,^! v]ses are v>i\sly punctuat$ by rec5t editors1 ! ma9 diff]5ce be+ ) reg>d to ! arrangem5t ( ! clause 4 ,?is clause is ref]r$ to v]se #ca by ,we/cott & ,hort1 :o place a comma aft] & bracket ! int]v5+ words 7#cb1 #cc;a7 z a p>5!sis4 ,tis*5dorf & ,weiss place a p]iod aft] 1 & l9k ! clause to :at foll[s4 ,?is arrangem5t ,we/cott & ,hort indicate 9 _! m>g94 ,= details & reason+1 see ! ,comm5t>ies4 xiv4 #cd1 #ce4 ,^! two v]ses foll[ v]se #dj 9 ,d ,e ,f ,g #ic1 ,ambrosia/]1 & ,s$ulius4 ,9 ,codex ,fuld5sis1 v]ses #cf-dj are f\nd 9 ! m>g9 aft] v]se #cc1 :]e !y 7 ins]t$ by ,victor ( ,capua 7see p4 #abb71 :o did n1 h[ev]1 remove !m f _! place fur!r d[n4 ,he mu/ !re=e h _h be=e him a manuscript exhibit+ ?is arrangem5t4 ,we mu/ suppose ei!r t all ^! manuscripts are ultimately d]iv$ f "o & ! same exempl>1 9 :i* ?is arrangem5t ( ! v]ses occurr$1 or1 z ,he9rici sugge/s1 t ! orig9al docum5t itself gave occasion to ?is v>iety by hav+ ^! v]ses writt5 9 its m>g94 ,our mod]n editors are unanim\s 9 foll[+ ! usual ord]4 xv4 #ch4 ,zahn has %[n t 9 all likelihood ! sub/itution ( = ! fir/ 0 due to c]ta9 foll[]s ( ,m>cion4 ,see 8 ,,gk4 i4 #fae2 also ,zeits*rift fr ,kir*5ges*i*te1 ix4 #aih ff4 xv4 #dg4 ,on ,m>cion's read+1 1 see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #fch1 :o sugge/s t ?is may h be5 an e>ly gloss t ,m>cion made use (1 see+ t x is 9 ! highe/ degree improbable t ! h]etic & "s ( 8 mo/ viol5t oppon5ts %\ld alt] ! orig9al text 9 exactly ! same way4 xv4 #ee4 ,t]tullian f\nd 9 ,m>cion1 & he !re=e leaves x an op5 "q :e!r ! ^w signifies victoria tua or cont5tio tua 7v4 #aj1 p4 #cjf74 ,see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #ea4 xvi4 #bb4 ,on 8,m>ana?a10 see ,zahn 7,e9leitung1 i4 #bae ff471 :o1 :ile admitt+ t no objection on ! gr\nd ( language or gramm> c be made to read+ ! ^w z 7n or 71 pref]s ) ,halvy1 ,bickell1 & ,nldeke1 to take x z 1 :i* corresponds to ! ,pe%itto r5d]+ ( ,apoc4 xxii4 #bj1 7 74 ,see note by ,s*mi$el 9 ! ,h&-,comm5t> on #a ,cor4 xvi4 #bb1 & ! article by ,?ay] 9 ,ha/+s' ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 sub voce4 ,lu!r has 8,mah>am ,mo?a10 b :5ce he d]iv$ ?is ,i d n "k4 ,subscription3 7 7 77 2 al4 2 al4 4 #b ,cor9?ians4 i4 #ab4 ,rec5t editors adopt ! read+ on ! au?ority ( 99 ,a ,b ,c ,k ,m ,p etc4 ,zahn1 h[ev] 7,e9leitung1 i4 #bdc71 pref]s z giv5 by c ,d ,e ,g etc4 ,mey] ?9ks t 0 sub/itut$ = z be+ ! m usual expression4 ,tis*5dorf is wrong 9 say+3 de suo add4 syrs* et cum puritate4 ,! ,syriac has --i4e4 #bhc 4444 vii4 #b4 ,zahn 7,,gk4 i4 #fej2 ii4 #eae7 ?9ks p]haps ! :ole section vii4 #b-xi4 #a 0 omitt$ by ,m>cion3 8,let u cleanse ourselves f defilem5t ( ! fle% & blood 444 = ,i esp\s$ y z a pure virg9 to "o husb&1 7ev57 ,*ri/40 ,subscription3 7 7 7 7 4 ,galatians4 i4 #h4 ,z illu/rat+ h[ f> ! %>pe/ critic may be l$ a/ray by 8 fondness = conjectural em5dation1 x may be m5tion$ "h t ,hitzig 7,das ,bu* ,hiob1 #ahgd1 p4 #aii71 sugge/$ t =m]ly occupi$ ! place ( 9 ?is v]se1 & t ?is means 6 i4 #ah4 ,= 1 z giv5 9 our critical editions1 ,zahn 7,e9leitung1 ii4 #ad7 w\ld read 4 ,he acc\nts = ! rem>kable transition f ! "n 9 ii4 #g1 #h to 9 ii4 #i1 #aa1 #ad v well by say+ t ,paul 9 ! latt] v]ses is e*o+ ! language us$ by ! ,judaiz]s f ,pale/9e1 j z he does 9 speak+ ( ! ,?ree z 4 ,see+ t ,paul p]si/5tly employs ! "n 9 #a ,cor9?ians1 a scribe might h introduc$ ?is "n1 ) :i* he _h become famili>1 into ,galatians i4 #ah also1 j z 0 c>ri$ ov] f ! ,synoptics into mo/ manuscripts ( ,john's ,gospel1 displac+ ! title 4 ,! foll[+ table w %[ ! di/ribution ( ! ,greek manuscripts 9 support ( ! read+s & 9 ,galatians3-- 4 4 i4 #ah1 99 ,a ,b #ag1 #fg99991 #ga4 c ,d ,e ,f ,g ,k ,l ,p4 ii4 #g1 ---- omnes4 ii4 #h1 ---- omnes4 ii4 #i1 ,b ,c ,k ,l ,p etc4 ,d ,e ,f ,g 7,a omits74 ii4 #aa1 ,a ,b ,c ,h ,p4 ,d ,e ,f ,g ,k ,l4 ii4 #ad1 ,a ,b ,c #aj1 #ag1 ,d ,e ,f ,g ,k ,l ,p4 #fg99991 #acg4 ,x w be obs]v$ t 9 ii4 #i ,k ,l ,p take ! side ( 7,a7 ,b1 :ile 9 v]se #aa ,p alone does s1 & t ,d ,e ,f ,g are ! only witnesses t are consi/5t4 ii4 #e4 is omitt$ by ,d991 by ,t]tullian1 :o ascribes ! negative to ,m>cion 7,adv4 ,m>cionem1 v4 #c71 by c]ta9 manuscripts kn[n to ,victor9us ,af]1 :o says 89 plurimis codicibus et lat9is et graecis i/a s5t5tia e/ ,ad horam cessimus subjectioni10 & by ! ,lat9 translator ( ,ir5u 7,adv4 ,ha]eses1 iii4 #ac1 #c74 ,ambrosia/] calls att5tion to ! discrepancy betwe5 ! ,greek & ,lat9 manuscripts3 8,graeci e contra dicunt ,nec ad horam cessimus10 & simil>ly ,s$ulius4 ,b5gel rem>k$ on ! pron5ess ( scribes to ins]t or omit a negative3 8,omn9o apud ,lat9os lubrica sub calamo e/ non p>ticula4444 ,saepe etiam 9 graecis aliisque omissum40 ,see ,haussleit]1 ,=s*ung51 iv4 #ca ff41 :o says t ! subject is "o des]v+ ( special treatm5t4 ,b5gel ref]s to ! exhau/ive discussion 8de negationibus quae ,p&ectis ,flor5t9is recte male additae vel detractae sunt10 b !re might be a good deal said on ^! !ological ,sic et ,non also4 ,a s+le lett] or little ^w m or less1 & ! s5se ( a passage is completely *ang$4 ,did ,paul say t 9 8 cont5tion ) ! ,apo/les he gave place 8= an h\r10 or 8n = an h\r10 1 or 1 or simply8 ,9 ,gal4 v4 #h is x 1 or 8 ,9 #a ,cor4 v4 #f is x 8y\r glory+ is good0 or 8n good10 or 8 ,9 ,rom4 iv4 #ai1 or 4 ,9 #b ,pet] iii4 #aj1 or 1 or are bo? ^! wrong8 ,comp>e1 = example1 ! read+ 9 ,matt4 viii4 #cj1 :]e almo/ all ! ,lat9 witnesses1 & ,j]ome too1 read 8non longe02 & ,john vi4 #fd1 :]e we h 1 & also 7 ,g74 ,9 ?is latt] passage ! read+ 8cr$5tes0 0 adopt$ 9 ! ,sixt9e edition ( ! ,vulgate1 b 8non cr$5tes0 9 ! ,clem5t9e2 ,wordswor? & ,:ite decide = ! latt] aga9/ ! ,sixt9e text4 ,9 ,john vii4 #h1 ,d ,r etc41 read 1 = :i* ,b & ! majority ( ! witnesses h 1 b ?is is manife/ly a correction4 ,9 ,john ix4 #bg we h 1 :]e a solit>y ,greek manuscript 7#bb71 :i*1 h[ev]1 has ! support ( ! ,vulgate & half ! ,old ,lat9 witnesses1 reads 3 audi/is4 ,9 ,romans v4 #ad we f9d bo? & 4 ,9 #a ,cor4 iii4 #g ,a reads 1 omitt+ ! negative2 9 ix4 #h we h bo? & 2 :ile 9 xiii4 #e ,b & ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria actually ass]t t 8love seeke? :at is n h] own1 06 ,aga91 9 #a ,cor4 xv4 #ea ! position ( ! negative fluctuates betwe5 ! fir/ & second memb] ( ! s5t5ce1 s t we h & 4 ,simil>ly1 9 ,col4 ii4 #ah we f9d & 2 & 9 ,apoc4 iv4 #aa & --i4e4 8!y 7 call$ out ( no?+ness into exi/5ce40 ,9 ,codex ,d sev5 cases ( ?is v>iation occur 9 ,acts alone--viz4 iv4 #bj1 v4 #bf1 #bh1 vii4 #be1 xix4 #dj1 xx4 #bj1 #bg4 ,comp>e1 fur!r1 ,matt4 xii4 #cb1 :]e 9 place ( ,b99 reads 4 ,9 ,matt4 xvii4 #be "o ,lat9 manuscript makes ,pet] say 8utique non0 9 answ] to ! "q1 8,do? n y\r ma/] pay tribute80 ,we h 9 ,matt4 xxi4 #af1 & 2 xxi4 #cb1 & 2 xxiv4 #b1 & 4 ,9 ,m>k viii4 #ad1 & 2 xiii4 #ai1 1 & ' 4 ,luke xi4 #dh1 3 2 xxi4 #ba1 3 4 ,john ii4 #ab1 3 2 xv4 #ai1 3 2 xx4 #h1 3 4 ,acts xxv4 #f1 3 4 ,rom4 iv4 #e1 3 7,/udia ,s9aitica1 vi4 p4 lxvi72 x4 #c1 3 7ibid474 #a ,cor i4 #ai1 3 2 iv4 #f1 3 2 iv4 #ai1 3 2 vi4 #e1 3 2 vi4 #i1 3 7,b99 #ic7 & vice v]sa 9 v]se #aj4 #b ,cor4 v4 #a1 3 7non manufactam74 ,gal4 iv4 #ad1 3 79974 ,heb4 x4 #b1 3 3 4 #b ,pet4 i4 #ab1 3 3 4 #a ,john v4 #ag1 3 4 ,apoc4 iii4 #h1 3 4#bhd ii4 #bj4 ,tis*5dorf fails to m5tion t ,m>cion read 7r$emit7 9 place ( 4 ,! v>iant is ( suffici5t importance to ju/ify a ref]5ce to ,zahn1 ,,gk4 ii4 #dii4 ,i _c at ?is mom5t recall any in/ance ( a confusion betwe5 & 1 ?\gh x is n an unlikely mi/ake to make4 ,9 ,leviticus xxvii4 #ai1 ! fir/ h& ( ,b by mi/ake wrote = 4 v4 #i4 ,epiphanius accus$ ,m>cion ( hav+ alt]$ to 4 ,see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #fci2 ii4 #ejc4 ,cf4 above1 p4 #gf4 ,ephesians4 ,t]tullian says 7,adv4 ,m>cionem1 v4 #ag73 ,ecclesiae quidem v]itate epi/ulam i/am ad ,ephesios habemus emissam1 non ad ,laodic5os1 s$ ,m>cion ei titulum aliqu&o int]pol>e ge/iit1 quasi et 9 i/o dilig5tissimus explorator4 ,nihil autem de titulis int]e/1 cum ad omnes apo/olus scrips]it1 dum ad quosdam4 iv4 #ai4 ,= ,d "h reads 4 ,a glance at & w %[ h[ easy x 0 to make su* a mi/ake 9 ! days ( uncial script4 v4 #ad4 ,! read+ is atte/$ by ,d991 "s ,lat9 manuscripts1 & ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia4 ,see above1 p4 #bed4 ,subscription3 3 4 ,philippians4 i4 #c4 is read by ,a ,b ,dc ,e#b ,k ,l ,p2 & by ,d99 ,e99 ,f ,g4 ,zahn def5ds ! latt] 9 ! ,zeits*rift fr kir*li*e ,wiss5s*aft1 #ahhe1 p4 #ahd1 & 9 8 ,e9leitung1 i4 #cgf calls x ! 8g5u9e text40 ,haupt says 7,mey]#g1 #ahig1 p4 #c73 ,! read+ 1 :i* is commonly ignor$1 is1 x appe>s to me1 rightly recomm5d$ by ,zahn & ,wohl5b]g4 ,b ,haupt himself ignores ! second half ( ! read+ 7= 71 :i* is f> m important f a !ological po9t ( view1 & is cont5t m]ely to expla9 at l5g? :y ,paul %\ld ?ank 8 ,god4 ,weiss1 9 8 ,text-kritik d] paul9is*5 ,briefe 7pp4 #f1 #g71 m5tions 1 b says no?+ ab\t 1 or ! *ange f to 4 ,b y _c run ) ! h>e & hunt ) ! h\nds4 ,if y accept y _c reject 4 ,haupt1 moreov]1 ?9ks x is f>-fet*$ to suppose ) ,zahn t conta9s an allusion to some?+ ! ,philippians _h said4 ,b t is by no means ! case1 z we may le>n f :at ,deissmann & ,h>ris tell u ( ! epi/ol>y /yle ( ^? days 7see ,a ,/udy 9 ,lett] ,writ+1 ,expositor1 ,septemb] #ahih1 p4 #afa ff474 ,b if ! ,we/]n gr\p pres]ves ! correct text at ! v outset ( ! epi/le1 :at ab\t x fur!r d[n8 i4 #g4 ,= ,ambrosia/] has 8gaudii10 s t he mu/ h read 4 ,j4 ,weiss proposes to read 7,th,lz41 #ahii1 col4 #bfc74 & are frequ5tly int]*ang$--e4g4 9 ,tobit vii4 #ah2 ,sira* xxx4 #af4 is f\nd = 9 ,ps4 xxix4 7xxx47 #aa4 ,! scribes felt a difficulty ) 9 ,rom4 xii4 #ac1 & /ill m s 9 ,ephes4 iv4 #bi4 ,ephraem f\nd 9 place ( 9 ,john v4 #ad 7see above1 p4 #bic1 note #b74 i4 #ad4 ,zahn & ,haupt omit ) ,d ,k etc4 ,s does ,j4 ,weiss1 :o takes occasion to make c]ta9 important obs]vations on ! attempts hi!rto made to re/ore ! text4 ,see ,th,lz41 #ahii1 col4 #bfc4 iii4 #ad4 ,till lately ,t]tullian 0 our only au?ority = ! read+ 8palmam incrim9ationis0 9 place ( 7,de resurrectione c>nis1 #bc74 ,x 0 accord+ly suppos$ t he _h read in/ead ( 4 ,we le>n n[ f ! ,a?os manuscript1 discov]$ by von d] ,goltz1 t ,orig5 also cit$ ! read+ 9 8 comm5t>y z be+ 4 ,ev5 suppos+ t turn$ out to be no m ?an a s+le copy1 or ev5 ,t]tullian's quotation :i* ,orig5 _h become acqua9t$ ) 9 "s way1 8 m5tion ( ?is read+ is 9 ! highe/ degree int]e/+4 ,subscription3 3 ' 3 4 ,colossians4 ii4 #af4 ,on ! read+ sugge/$ by ! r5d]+ ( ! ,pe%itto1 & ! ,lat9 v]sion ( ,ephraem's ,comm5t>y on ! ,paul9e ,epi/les1 see above1 p4 #afh f4 ,x 0 advocat$ by ,lag>de 9 8 ,prophetae ,*aldaice1 p4 li4 ,zahn rejects x on ! gr\nd t x w\ld require 9 place ( 1 & also t agrees bett] ) 9 v]se #ah4 ii4 #ah4 ,on ?is difficult passage see above1 p4 #afh4 ,zahn ?9ks x q c]ta9 t is a lat] ins]tion ev5 9 ! ,syriac1 see+ t ,ephraem kn[s no?+ ( x4 ,( ! v>i\s conjectural em5dations1 he reg>ds t ( ,c4 ,taylor z ! mo/ probable--viz4 4 ,?is is also ! view ( ,we/cott & ,hort4 ,see _! ,introduction1 8,notes on ,select ,read+s10 9 loco2 ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 i4 #cci4 iv4 #ad4 ,! words 7 omitt$ by ,m>cion4 ,see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #fdg2 ii4 #ebh4 ,two m9uscules omit ! words 4 ,subscription3 7 7 4 #a ,!ssalonians4 ii4 #g4 ,"o c easily see h[ d\bt %\ld arise z to ! correct read+ "h :5 we obs]ve ! =m ( ! words 9 ! uncial script1 4 ,moreov]1 we mu/ rememb] t at ! end ( a l9e 0 v frequ5tly indicat$ m]ely by a /roke above ! prec$+ lett]1 ?us3 4 ,! same alt]native read+s are pres5t$ 9 ,hebrews v4 #ac1 & 9 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 i4 #adj1 #g1 :]e ,codex ,f exhibits 1 & ,m1 :i* is ! mo/ important manuscript1 has 9 ! text & 9 ! m>g94 ii4 #ae4 ,zahn 7,,gk4 ii4 #eba2 cf4 also i4 #fdd7 re/ores ,m>cion's text "h 9 ! =m 4 ,m>cion f\nds ?r\gh\t ^u a ,we/]n text1 & ! fact ( 8 agreem5t 9 ?is in/ance ) ! ,antio*ean ,rec5sion 7,d#b ,e#b ,k#b ,l#b7 is decl>$ by ,zahn to be a m]e co9cid5ce1 m especially z ! latt] "h reads 4 8,_h ,m>cion10 he says1 8really writt5 1 ,t]tullian w\ld h translat$ ! passage diff]5tly1 & w\ld sc>cely h appli$ ! t]m adjectio to a qualify+ expression ins]t$ be=e 40 ,:at ,t]tullian says is1 8dic5do et prophetas suos licet suos adjectio sit ha]etici40 ,! t]m is employ$ s frequ5tly to repres5t ! pron\n :5 no p>ticul> emphasis is int5d$ to be convey$1 t !re seems to me no necessity = ,t]tullian translat+ suos prophetas1 or r5d]+ ! words 9 any o!r way ?an prophetas suos4 ,comp>e above1 p4 #baa4 iii4 #c4 ,la*mann "h reads ) ,reiske & ,v5ema4 ,beza & ,b5tley sugge/$ 1 ,holw]da 1 ,pe]lkamp 4 ,zahn has no hesitation 9 adopt+ 1 :i* he und]/&s 9 ! orig9al 7metaphorical7 s5se ( to flatt]1 to talk ov] or cajole4 ,see ,e9leitung1 i4 #aeh4 #a ,timo?y4 i4 #d4 1 or 1 :i* is atte/$ by ,ir5u & a good _m ,lat9 witnesses1 & receiv$ into 8 text by ,erasmus1 is no?+ b an e>ly transcriptional error = 4 iii4 #a4 8,! read+ is atte/$ 9 ,greek only by ,d991 b x 0 ! prevail+ read+ 9 ! ,we/ till ! "t ( ,j]ome4 ,:5 ,i consid] ! improbability ( its be+ inv5t$1 & its liability to alt]ation 9 con=mity ) #a ,tim4 i4 #ae1 iv4 #i2 #b ,tim4 ii4 #aa2 ,tit4 iii4 #h1 ,i am compell$1 9 spite ( ! "o-sid$ nature ( ! te/imony1 to conclude t x is orig9al4 ,x is a prov]bial expression ( g5]al application & pr(ane orig90 7,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 i4 #dhb74 ,?is read+ is usually ignor$ by our editors & comm5tators1 & yet ! passage is "o t plays an important "p 9 ! ord9ation ( ! cl]gy1 & !re=e "o on ! correct int]pretation ( :i* a good deal might dep5d4 ,we/cott & ,hort m]ely m5tion x 9 _! ,notes on ,select ,read+s & ins]t x 9 _! ,app5dix4 ,x is n cit$ by von ,gebh>dt 9 8 edition4 ,= my own "p ,i am n q conv9c$ ( its orig9ality4 ,at ! same "t x is h>d to und]/& h[ by any cl]ical error c\ld be trans=m$ into 1 & s become 4 iii4 #af4 ,9 8 ,=s*ung51 vol4 iii41 ,beilage iv4 p4 #bgg1 8,zum ,text von #a ,tim4 iii4 #af10 ,zahn publi%$ two or ?ree l9es f "s p>*m5t fragm5ts 9 ! ,egyptian ,museum ( ! ,l\vre1 :i*1 he ?9ks1 belong to ! ,,iv-,,vi c5tury4 ,! la/ ?ree l9es run-- 444 444 4444 ,he says1 8,! 9 ! second la/ l9e is und\bt$ly meant = 4 ,?is adds ano!r to ! ,greek witnesses support+ ?is read+1 :i* has till n[ be5 atte/$ only by ! ,lat9 manuscripts1 by o!r ambigu\s or d\btful witnesses1 & probably by ! fir/ ,greek h& ( ,codex ,cl>omontanus4 ,! 9 ! la/ l9e is1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 support$ by no o!r evid5ce40 ,! read+ 1 :i* 0 =m]ly s mu* discuss$1 seems to be simply an e>ly transcriptional error1 be+ read z --i4e4 ) ! usual m>k ( abbreviation4 ,! old dispute ov] ! read+ ( ! e>lie/ manuscripts 7mo/ ( !m exhibit a correction at ! place71 :e!r ! middle /roke ( ! 9 ! olde/ codices ,a ,c is by ! fir/ or second h&1 or :e!r 9 ! case ( ,a x may n be simply ! tongue ( an ,e %9+ ?r\gh f ! o!r side ( ! p>*m5t1 _c seem+ly be decid$ n[ 9 ! pres5t /ate ( ! manuscripts4#bhe ,codex ,a 0 exam9$ by ,scriv5] bo? ) & )\t ! aid ( a magnify+ glass p]haps tw5ty times 9 z _m ye>s4 ,dean ,burgon devotes sev5ty-sev5 pages ( 8 ,revision ,revis$ to a discussion ( ! read+4 ,! facility ) :i* a v>iant ( ?is sort may arise is %[n by ! p]fectly analog\s passage1 ,jo%ua ii4 #aa4 ,"h ,b & ,f read 1 :ile on ! o!r h& ,a 9 place ( has 1 :i* 9 ?is in/ance is correct4 ,9 #a ,tim4 iii4 #af ! o!r witnesses--viz4 ! v]sions & ! ,fa!rs--?r[ _! weight into ! opposite scale4 iv4 #c4 ,isidore asks :e!r 444 may n be a ( ! scribes = 1 to :i* ,oecum5ius replies t x is no b good ,attic ,greek = 4 ,! explanation ( ,!ophylact1 h[ev]1 is ne>] ! m>k1 t is to be suppli$ f 4 ,b5tley1 ,t\p1 ,bakhuyz51 & ,bois w\ld supply be=e 1 :ile ,hort sugge/s ! sub/itution ( or 9 place ( 4 ,!re seems to be no ne$ ( su* exp$i5ts4 ,subscription3 773 al4 3 al4 3 al4 4 #b ,timo?y4 iv4 #ai4 ,aft] two m9uscules 7#df & #aji7 ins]t 7 #aji7 4 ,! int]polation is d]iv$ f ! ,acta ,pauli1 & is to be connect$ n ) ,aquila1 b ) ! 8h\se ( ,onesiphorus40 ,see ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 i4 #daa4 ,subscription3 3 al4 4 ,titus4 i4 #i1 #aa4 ,consid]able additions are made to ! text aft] bo? ^! v]ses by ,codex #aji4 ,?is manuscript is numb]$ #aa 9 ! ,libr>y ( ,/4 ,m>k at ,v5ice1 & describ$ by ,gregory z 8haud malae notae40 ,x conta9s bo? a ,lat9 & an ,arabic v]sion1 & dates f ! ?irte5? or f\rte5?1 or1 z "s suppose1 ! elev5?1 c5tury4 ,aft] v]se #i we read3 1 4 ,aft] v]se #aa we f9d 4 ,subscription3 7 7 7missa p] ,arteman3 al4 p] ,z5am et ,apollo74 ,hebrews4 i4 #c4 ,in/ead ( 1 ! fir/ h& ( ,b wrote 1 :i* a second h& alt]$ to 1 :ile a ?ird re/or$ 1 & wrote 9 ! m>g9 1 8 1 4 ,a great deal ( mat]ial might be collect$ f ! m>g9 ( old manuscripts1 n only = ! hi/ory ( ,pray]1 z von ,dobs*tz rec5tly obs]v$1 b = o!r int]e/+ dep>tm5ts ( ! hi/ory ( civilisation4 ii4 #i4 ,! read+ in/ead ( is n[ f\nd only 9 ,m & 9 ! second h& ( #fg4 ,orig51 h[ev]1 0 aw>e ( ! v>i\s read+3 4 ,x seems to be a primitive transcriptional error4 x4 #cd4 ,we h "h to *oose betwe5 & 4 ,! latt] is manife/ly ! correct read+4 ,x is atte/$ by ,a ,d99 & c]ta9 m9uscules1 among :i* are #cg99991 #fg99994 ,?is la/ is a ,vi5na manuscript 7,v9dob4 gr4 !ol4 #cjb71 ^: m>g9al read+s exhibit a text closely resembl+ t ( ! uncials ,b ,m1 :i* are defective 9 ,hebrews x4 is support$ by ,dc ,h ,k ,l ,p1 ,clem4 ,alex41 ,orig5 7i4 #da1 :]e1 h[ev]1 is omitt$ by ,m99 ,p1 accord+ to ,koets*au's new edition71 & by d e 7v9culis eorum74 ,zahn 7,e9leitung1 ii4 #abb7 ?9ks t ! connection ( ! read+ ) ! tradition ( ! ,paul9e au?or%ip ( ! epi/le is suspici\s4 ,we f9d ! read+ adopt$ 9 ^? regions :]e ! tradition 0 accept$4 ,x may1 h[ev]1 h be5 ! means ( confirm+ & spread+ ! tradition1 see+ t ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria is actually aw>e ( x4 ,pseudo-,eu?alius1 e4g41 employs ! read+ 9 support ( ! ,paul9e au?or%ip 7,zacagni #fgj74 ,9 ?is same v]se ,a ,h h pres]v$ ! prop] read+ 4 1 z giv5 by ,d ,e ,k ,l1 is a w\ld-be correction4 xi4 #bc4 ,9 c]ta9 manuscripts 7,d & ?ree ,vulgate codices7 an entire v]se is ins]t$ aft] v]se #bc3 4 ,its position %[s x to be an int]polation4 xiii4 #i4 ,! pres5t t5se is exhibit$ only by 99 ,a ,d991 all ! o!r witnesses hav+ 4 ,! m9ority are 9 ! "r "h4 ,a correction is n always an improvem5t4 xiii4 #ah4 ,zahn accepts ! be=e 4 ,x is f\nd only 9 ,d d & ,*ryso/om4 ,?is comb9ation ( witnesses is v r>e4 ,subscription3 7 #ca7 3 al4 3 al4 4 ,,ca?olic ,,epi/les4 ,! v>iety 9 ! ord] ( ! ,ca?olic ,epi/les is ev5 m significant ?an t ( ! ,paul9e4 ,:5 ! ,syrian ,*ur* ( ,edessa obta9$ ! ,new ,te/am5t1 x consi/$ only ( ! ,gospels1 ! ,paul9e ,epi/les1 & ! ,acts4 ,x conta9$ nei!r ! ,apocalypse nor ! ,ca?olic ,epi/les4 ,?is is prov$ among o!r ?+s by ! fact t n a s+le quotation f ^! writ+s is f\nd 9 ! ,homilies ( ,aphraates1 ! date ( :i* falls betwe5 #ccf & #cde4 ,at a lat] date ! ,syrian ,*ur* accept$ ! ,epi/le ( ,james1 #a ,pet]1 & #a ,john1 b ! f\r s-call$ ,antilegom5a--viz4 #b ,pet]1 #b & #c ,john1 & ,jude--are to ?is day exclud$ f _! ,canon ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,ev5 9 ! ,we/1 ,james 0 n reckon$ among ! books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t previ\s to ! f\r? c5tury4 ,!re is no m5tion made ( x 9 ,africa ab\t ! ye> #cjj1 al?\gh x 0 cit$ at ,rome & ,c>?age at an e>li] date4 ,at ,alex&ria1 h[ev]1 all ! sev5 ,ca?olic ,epi/les 7 c\nt$ 9 ! ,new ,te/am5t z e>ly z ! "t ( ,clem5t1#bhf & _! place 9 ! ,canon becomes m & m firmly assur$ f ! "t ( ,eusebius onw>ds4#bhg ,at ! same "t1 ! ord] ( _! arrangem5t v>ies v consid]ably4 ,inde$1 e possible v>iety occurs1 except t ,jude seems nev] to h be5 plac$ fir/1 nor #b ,pet] la/4 ,?us we f9d ,james1 #b ,pet]1 #c ,john1 ,jude2 ,james1 ,jude1 #b ,pet]1 #c ,john2 #b ,pet]1 ,james1 ,jude1 #c ,john2 #b ,pet]1 #c ,john1 ,james1 ,jude2 #b ,pet]1 #c ,john1 ,jude1 ,james1 etc4#bhh ,x foll[s t 9 ! case ( ?is gr\p ( ,new ,te/am5t writ+s1 z well z 9 t ( ! prec$+1 x is necess>y & possible to di/+ui% ! ?ree long] f ! f\r %ort] epi/les 9 trac+ ! hi/ory ( ! text4 ,& we see at ! same "t :at ju/ification ,lu!r _h 9 draw+ a l9e betwe5 ^! epi/les & ! pr9cipal books ( ! ,new ,te/am5t z hav+ be5 held 9 q a diff]5t e/imation 9 e>ly times4 #a ,pet]4 iii4 #bb4 ,aft] ! ,vulgate ins]ts degluti5s mortem ut vitae aet]nae ha]$es effic]emur1 8app>5tly f a ,greek orig9al :i* _h ! aori/ p>ticiple 2 cf4 #a ,cor4 xv4 #ed0 7,w-,h1 ,notes1 9 loco74 ,see ,vett]1 ,d] dritte ,kor9!rbrief4 #b ,pet]4 i4 #a4 ,zahn consid]s ! orig9al read+1 & a lat] correction due to tak+ toge!r z 8fai? 9 righte\sness40 ,! la/ two words are to be tak5 ) 4 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #ei4 i4 #b4 ,zahn agrees ) ,la*mann & ,spitta 9 hold+ t is ! correct text "h--t is to say1 he omits 4 ,tis*5dorf's ,app>atus is v diffuse on ?is v]se1 & ,baljon's note1 :i* is extract$ f x1 is accord+ly n q satisfactory4#bhi ,l all ! o!r editors1 he gives 9 ! text1 b ! only v>iants he m5tions are ! ins]tion ( aft] 1 & ! omission ( 4 ,!re is no notice ( ! omission ( ! words by any ( ! witnesses4 ,!y are n f\nd 9 ,p1 ! be/ manuscripts ( ! ,vulgate 7am fu dem h>l71 ,philox5ian & ,h>klean ,syriac1 nor 9 m9uscules #fi1 #acg1 #afc4 ,^! la/1 h[ev]1 ! ,syriac & ! m9uscules ) m1 ins]t aft] 4 ,khl believes t ! %ort] =m is probably due to ! fact t 9 ! epi/le ,*ri/ is ev]y:]e reg>d$ z ! object ( 4 ,b ?is is really v improbable4 ,= ! scribe c\ld n h be5 aw>e ( ?is :5 he began to write ! epi/le1 s t he mu/ h turn$ back & delet$ ! words aft]w>ds4 ,at ! same "t x is a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( textual criticism t ! lectio brevior is to be pref]r$4 ,ref]5ce may be made to ! ,epilogus ( ,wordswor? & ,:ite1 *4 vi41 ,de regulis a nobis 9 textu con/itu5do adhibitis1 :]e ! v title ( section #d implies ?is pr9ciple3 8,cum brevior lectio probabilior sit1 codices ,a ,f ,h99 ,m ,y pl]umque praef]5di sunt10 & :]e ! mo/ conspicu\s examples ( ?is rule are said to be 8,additam5ta nom9um propriorum1 et praecipue sanctorum--e4g4 ,jesus1 ,*ri/us1 ,dom9us1 ,deus40 ,x is true t 9 ! passage be=e u we h n simply a case ( ! ins]tion ( a ^w or words und]/ood2 at ! same "t1 "h if any:]e ! text is m likely to h be5 ext5d$ ?an abbreviat$4 ,x rema9s to be se5 :e!r ,p exhibits a good text 9 o!r passages ( ! ,ca?olic ,epi/les z well z ?is1 b s f> z ! m9uscules #fi & #acg are conc]n$1 !y ju/ly be> a good reputation4 ,hort calls #fi "o ( ! bett] cursives1 & #acg has a text s closely resembl+ t ( ,codices ,d ,e z to be ( mat]ial assi/ance :5 ^! are defective4 ,! m9uscules are too (t5 reg>d$ z m]e ciph]s2 z if a ciph] m or less beh9d a numb] did n make a va/ diff]5ce4 ,9 ! v next v]se we f9d #acg support+ ,a 9 read+ 1 :i* is accept$ by ,tis*5dorf & ,weiss1 & pref]r$ also by ,khl4 ,9 ?is in/ance x contradicts ,p1 :i* omits ) ,b ,c ,k ,l4 i4 #ab4 ,"h is giv5 by ,a ,b ,c ,p1 by #h f tol 7non diff]am71 & by ,k ,l etc4 78! ,antio*ean rec5sion & ! ,syriac v]sions10 ,zahn74 81 ) ! pres5t inf9itive1 c h>dly be simply a p]iphra/ic future4 ,! idea is r t ! writ] w be prep>$ 9 ! future1 z well z 9 ! pa/ & 9 ! pres5t1 to rem9d !m ( ! tru?s !y "k1 :5ev] ! necessity arises4 ,z !y _h no evid5ce ( ! fulfilm5t ( ?is promise1 ! copyi/s & translators f\nd a difficulty ) ?is expression1 & h5ce ! v>iants40 ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #ec f4 i4 #ae4 ,! read+ 1 f\nd 9 #ca1 & ! ,arm5ian1 is also atte/$ by ! ,philox5ian ,syriac1 a fact :i* ,zahn reg>ds z important4 8,on transcriptional gr\nds ! read+ 1 pref]r$ by our editors1 w\ld appe> to be confirm$ by ! read+ 1 exhibit$ by ! ,h>klean ,syriac & a few m9uscules4 ,b 9 reality bo? ^! latt] read+s m]ely s]ve to %[ t a difficulty 0 felt aga9 9 admitt+ a promise on ! "p ( ,pet] :i* he seem$ nev] to h fulfill$40 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #ed4 ,comp>e on above4 i4 #ba4 ,x is probable t ,!ophilus ( ,antio* 7,ad ,autolycum1 ii4 #i7 read 77 77 1 ! =m exhibit$ by & ,a 78! *ief repres5tatives ( ! ,antio*ean family071 & also by sev]al ,lat9 witnesses4 ,see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #cac2 ,*ase on #b ,pet] 9 ,ha/+s' ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 vol4 iii4 p4 #hja4 ii4 #ac4 ,on ?is passage ,zahn rem>ks 7,e9leitung1 ii4 #ec73 8,! simil>ity ( #b ,pet] to ! ,epi/le ( ,jude 0 d\btless a s\rce ( textual corruption4 ,b x may also aid u 9 correct+ ! text4 ,because1 :i*ev] ( ! two we reg>d z ! orig9al1 9 any case ! "o is our e>lie/ witness to ! text ( ! o!r4 ,if we accept ! read+ 9 ,jude #ab1 x foll[s ei!r 7#a7 t ,jude read 9 #b ,pet]1 & t ?is is ! orig9al read+ !re1 or 7#b7 t ,pet]1 suppos+ he wrote second1 alt]$ ,jude's to 1 :i* x is h>d to conceive1 ! =m] be+ s unmi/akable1 & ! latt] mu* less suitable to ! context4 ,9 ei!r case1 !re=e1 w\ld seem to be ! correct read+ 9 #b ,pet] ii4 #ac40 ,no d\bt ! alt]ation ( to is 8h>d to conceive10 b x is n inconceivable4 ,z illu/rat+ h[ a piece ( writ+ may be misread1 x is suffici5t to po9t to ,ju/9's mi/ake ) reg>d to 8,semoni ,sanco ,deo ,fidio40#bij ,z reg>ds ! p>ticul> words be=e u1 ,i may be all[$ to cite my ,philologica ,sacra1 p4 #dg1 :]e ,i h ref]r$ to ! frequ5t confusion ( & 1 & 9 manuscripts ( ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,9 ,ps4 lxxviii4 #cf1 = example1 out ( m ?an "o hundr$ manuscripts t h be5 collat$1 n "o has pres]v$ ! correct read+ 2 all h 4 ,9 #b ,*ron4 xviii4 #b aga9 only "o has ! correct text 4 ,f a psy*ological po9t ( view1 !re=e1 x w\ld seem m natural to suppose t is ! orig9al read+ 9 ! passage "u consid]ation1 & ! transcriptional error4 ,! au?orities = ea* are di/ribut$ z foll[s3-- 4 4 #b ,pet] ii4 #ac1 ,ac ,b m vg1 ,syrphil1 ,a99 ,c ,k ,l ,p 444 ,syrh>k4 mg1 ,sahid4 ,syrh>k1 ,copt41 ,arm4 ,jude #ab1 ,b ,k ,l vg1 ,sahid41 ,a ,c #dd1 #ef4 ,copt41 ,syrphil1 ,syrh>k1 ,arm4 ,9 ! fir/ edition ( ?is "w ,i said x 0 /range1 consid]+ ! frequ5t confusion ( & 1 t ,tis*5dorf goes by ! majority ( 8 witnesses 9 ! case ( #b ,pet] ii4 #ac 7,we/cott & ,hort 9 _! text1 ,weiss1 ,weym\?1 & ,baljon all d ! same71 8:]eas ! same ^w %\ld be read 9 bo? cases1 & t 4 ,o!rwise x w\ld be necess>y to suppose t ! text 0 already corrupt :5 ! "o writ] us$ ! epi/le ( ! o!r1 no matt] :e!r ,pet] or ,jude3 quod v>iat1 v]um esse non pote/40 ,i _c und]/& an argum5t l t ( ,khl 7,mey]#f1 on #b ,pet] ii4 #ac1 p4 #dbh73 8 is presumably orig9al 9 "o ( ! passages1 mo/ likely 9 #b ,pet]1 z goes bett] ) 9 ,jude #ab ?an ) "h4 ,b has 9 bo? places1 & ,c 9 ! same way 1 :i* is expla9able on ! supposition t orig9ally ! "o ^w /ood 9 ! "o passage & ! o!r 9 ! o!r4 ,ne>ly all rec5t expositors fav\r ! read+ 9 #b ,pet]40 ,i am glad n[ to h ! p[]ful support ( ,zahn 9 my diss5t f t view4 ,ref]5ce may be made to ! excell5t article on ,jude by ,f4 ,h4 ,*ase 9 ,ha/+s' ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 ii4 #gii-hje4 ,8 fir/ p>agraph is on ! 8,transmission ( ! ,text10 & ! article is a model ( :at su* ?+s %\ld be4#bia ,on ! ,philox5ian ,syriac see ! "w ( ,m]x m5tion$ above1 p4 #ajf 7#e74 ,on ! re/ ( ! v]se1 see ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #ga4 ,he po9ts out t ,tis*5dorf's app>atus is mislead+ "h1 z x fails to notice ! omission ( by ! ,philox5ian ,syriac1 ! ,sahidic v]sion1 ! ,speculum ( ,pseudo-,augu/9e 7m71 & by ,pseudo-,cyprian4 ,9 8 op9ion x is an int]polation due to ! -- ( 4 ,^! pron\ns are v liable to be int]polat$1 z is po9t$ out by ,wordswor? & ,:ite 9 _! ,epilogus1 p4 #gbi1 :]e ^! 8additam5ta0 come next aft] 8,prop] ,names02 see above1 p4 #bch4 ii4 #ae4 ,on 1 see p4 #bdc f4 ii4 #bb;b4 ,9 ,hippolytus1 ,refutatio1 ix4 #g1 we f9d3 ' 4 ,on ! connection ( ?is ) #b ,pet] ii4 #bb1 see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #caf4 ,w5dl& tri$ to make out t x is a say+ ( ,h]aclitus4 ,comp>e also ,clem5t1 1 x4 #if2 1 1 1 4 iii4 #f4 ,! conjectural read+ ' = ' ,s*mi$el ?9ks well wor?y ( consid]ation4 ,see 8 ,w9]1 #ai4 iii4 #aj4 ,none ( ! v>iants "h appe>s to be ! correct read+ 7 9 v>i\s =ms3 3 74 ,:at is requir$ is a passive =m ( 1 or "o ( its comp\nds 78 74 iii4 #af4 ,! article is ins]t$ be=e by & ,k ,l ,p 78! ,antio*ean rec5sion071 b omitt$ by ,a ,b ,c4 ,zahn1 :o w\ld omit x1 po9ts out t w\ld imply a complete collection ( ,paul's ,epi/les1 & w\ld include all ! con/itu5ts )\t exception1 :]eas )\t ! article ! phrase contra/s "o epi/le kn[n to ! read]s ) ^? ( all k9ds t he _h writt54 ,see ,e9leitung1 ii4 #ajh4 ,tis*5dorf admitt$ ! read+ n[ fav\r$ by critics 9 8 sev5? edition1 b reject$ x 9 ! eigh?4 ,?is same ?+ occurs n infrequ5tly4 ,see ! article on #b ,pet] by ,*ase 9 ,ha/+s' ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 vol4 iii4 p4 #haj4 #a ,john4 iv4 #c4 ,von d] ,goltz has %[n conclusively :at 0 long a matt] ( conjecture1 t ,orig5 n only knew ! read+ 1 b seem+ly pref]r$ x2 & t ,clem5t also cites ! text 9 ?is =m 9 8 "w on ! ,passov]1 :i* is all b entirely lo/4 ,he has also e/abli%$ anew ! reliable nature ( ! ,lat9 v]sion ( ,ir5u 9 ! matt] ( ,biblical quotations4 ,see ,zahn 9 ! ,th,lbl41 #ahii1 col4 #ahj2 ,e9leitung1 ii4 #egd4 v4 #g4 ,! 8comma ,johanneum0 ne$s no fur!r discussion 9 an ,introduction to ! ,greek ,te/am5t1 b its hi/ory on ,lat9 soil is all ! m int]e/+4 ,! fact t x is /ill def5d$ ev5 f ! ,prote/ant side is int]e/+ only f a pa?ological po9t ( view4 ,on ! decision ( ! ,holy ,(fice1 confirm$ by ! ,pope on ! #ae? ,janu>y #ahig1 see ,hetz5au]'s edition ( ! ,new ,te/am5t1 & ! notice ( x by ,dobs*tz 9 ! ,th,lz41 #ahii1 ,no4 #aj4 ,on ! lit]ature1 comp>e also ,kll+ 7,breslau1 #ahic72 ,w4 ,orme's ,memoir ( ! ,controv]sy respect+ ! ,?ree ,heav5ly ,witnesses1 #a ,john v4 #g 7,london1 #ahcj71 ,new ,edition1 ) ,notes & ,app5dix by ,ezra ,abbot 7,new ,york1 #ahff72 ,c4 ,=/]1 ,a ,new ,plea = ! ,au!nticity ( ! ,text ( ! ,?ree ,heav5ly ,witnesses 7,cambridge1 #ahfg72 ,h4 ,t4 ,armfield1 ,! ,?ree ,witnesses3 ,! disput$ ,text 9 ,/4 ,john 7,london1 #ahic74 ,james4 ,an ,arabic s*olion1 attribut$ to ,hippolytus1 cites ?is epi/le "u ! "n ( ,jude4 ,see ,zahn1 ,,gk4 i4 #cbj1 #b2 #cbc1 #c4 ,9 two m9uscules cit$ by ,tis*5dorf1 is foll[$ by or 1 & 9 "o ( ! subscriptions by 4 ,! subscription 9 ff reads 8explicit epi/ola ,jacobi filii ,zaeb$ei 7sic740 ,see ,zahn's ,e9leitung1 i4 #ge4 ii4 #b4 appe>s )\t ! article 9 99 ,b ,c & "o ( ,scriv5]'s m9uscules4 ,?is read+ is accept$ by ,zahn1 :o sees 9 x an indication t ^? to :om ! epi/le is address$ 7 9 possession ( sev]al synagogues1 t is suppos+ ! ^w to mean meet+-place1 & n simply assembly1 z he himself is incl9$ to believe4 ,see ,e9leitung1 i4 #fj1 #ff4 ,jude4 #e4 ,?is v]se exhibits an uncommonly l>ge numb] ( v>iants4 ,?us occurs ) or )\t aft] x2 = we f9d bo? & 2 :ile ! position ( v>ies1 ! ^w be+ f\nd be=e 1 1 & 4 ,b ev5 t is n all4 ,mo/ rec5t editors read 1 b we f9d also 3 3 & 7textus receptus74 ,tis*5dorf's app>atus might lead "o to suppose t ! witnesses = & omit altoge!r1 b t is n s4 ,! ambiguity is due to ! loose way 9 :i* ! note is giv54 ,we/cott & ,hort ?9k x probable t ! orig9al text 0 1 & t ?is 0 read z 1 & p]haps z 4 ,khl ?9ks t ! easie/ explanation ( ! v>iants is to suppose t 0 ! orig9al read+1 & t & 7 d]iv$ f x4 ,b x seems to me t ,zahn has bett] reason on 8 side :5 he argues = z ! orig9al read+4 ,he fir/ ( all elim9ates z hav+ no great atte/ation1 & z be+ f\nd alongside ( 9 ,clem5t 7dom9us deus74 ,! *oice1 !re=e1 lies betwe5 & 4 ,! latt] has by f> ! /rong] ext]nal atte/ation1 x is ! lectio ardua1 & is1 on int]nal gr\nds1 also to be pref]r$4 ,see ,e9leitung1 ii4 #hh4 #bb1 #bc4 ,zahn has a /rong impression t ?is passage lies at ! f\ndation ( ,dida*e1 ii4 #g3 1 1 1 4 ,if ?is is really s1 we h "h a piece ( v e>ly te/imony1 n c]ta9ly to ! actual words1 b to ! ?\ght convey$4 ,see ,e9leitung1 ii4 #hf4 ,subscription3 ,at ! end ( ! ,arm5ian ,bible ( #afih we f9d a note to ! effect t 8?is epi/le 0 writt5 9 ! ye> #fd by ,judas ,jacobi1 :o is also call$ ,lebbaeus & ,?addaeus1 & :o prea*$ ! ,gospel to ! ,arm5ians & ! ,p]sians40 ,,apocalypse4 ,ap>t f p>ticul> passages1 ! la/ book ( ! ,bible _c be unres]v$ly recomm5d$ to ! dev\t laity = special /udy1 b x is peculi>ly well adapt$ z an introduction to ! me?od ( textual criticism1 & t = two reasons4 ,fir/ ( all1 because ! numb] ( available witnesses to ! text is comp>atively small1 &1 secondly1 because ^! are m easily gr\p$ "h ?an 9 ! o!r divisions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,ref]5ce may be made 9 ?is connection to ! fir/ "p ( ,b\sset's critical /udies on ! text ( ! ,apocalypse1 :]e ! di/9ction drawn by ,b5gel betwe5 ! ,&reas & ,are?as gr\ps ( manuscripts is correctly emphasiz$4 ,at ! same "t ,b\sset himself comes to ! r unsatisfactory conclusion t an eclectic mode ( proc$ure is all t is possible at pres5t4 ,an attempt has be5 made above 7p4 #aeg7 ) ! conclusion ( ! ,apocalypse4 ,we %all n[ try a few fur!r examples4 ,9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! relation%ip ( ! manuscripts we mu/ select passages t exhibit a consid]able div]g5ce ( mean+ ) a small v>iation ( =m4 ,su* a passage occurs 9 ! la/ *apt]4 ,9 ,apoc4 xxii4 #ad1 aft] ! words 8bless$ are !y10 we read1 9 ! "o class ( witnesses1 8t wa% _! robes10 9 ! o!r1 8t d 8 comm&m5ts40 ,t is to say1 we h 9 ! "o case & 9 ! o!r 4 ,! diff]5ce is exce$+ly small1 especially :5 we consid] t 9 e>ly times 0 frequ5tly writt5 1 & at ! end ( a l9e 4 ,i h no d\bt t 8wa% _! robes0 is ! orig9al read+ "h & t 8d 8 comm&m5ts0 is ! lat] alt]ation1 ?\gh1 ( c\rse1 o!rs w hold ! opposite view4 ,= ! =m] we h ! au?ority ( ,a1 = ! latt] t ( ,q 7i4e41 ,bapoc2 see above1 p4 #hj7 ) its associates4 ,! "q n[ becomes3 ,are !re any passages :]e & ,a "p company1 & :i* are decisive 9 fav\r ( 8 ,x is impossible to say (fh& :e!r or ,a has pres]v$ ! correct text4 conta9s corrections t ,a does n1 & vice v]sa4 ,take ano!r example4 ,! au?or ( ! ,apocalypse foll[s ! ,hebrew idiom1 accord+ to :i* ! ^w or phrase 9 apposition to an oblique case is put 9 ! nom9ative4#bib ,?us we h3 ii4 #bj4 4 ,q makes ?is 1 & ! corrector ( 4 ,simil>ly1 iii4 #ab1 1 :]e aga9 ,q has 1 & c 4 ,b x is n only ! lat] corrector ( t does ?is3 ! fir/ scribe ( t manuscript does x himself4 ,= example3 xiv4 #ab4 has in/ead ( 2 9 v]se #ad in/ead ( 2 9 xx4 #b1 in/ead ( 1 etc4 ,9 o!r places ,a1 9 ?is la/ ,a alone1 x appe>s1 has pres]v$ ! correct text4 ,!re are o!r places1 aga91 :]e ! correct read+ is pres]v$1 p]haps1 only 9 a lat] manuscript1 or 9 none at all4 ,we may comp>e ) ! idiom 9 ! ,apocalypse :at we f9d at ! beg9n+ ( ! book 9 ! passage ab\t ! sev5 spirits be=e ! ?rone ( ,god4 i4 #d4 444 4 ,9 ! space indicat$ by ! dots ,erasmus has 1 ,codex #cf has 1 ,q & ,c h 1 :i* is adopt$ by ,tis*5dorf & ,we/cott & ,hort1 & ,a h 1 :i* is adopt$ by ,la*mann1 ,tregelles1 & by ,we/cott & ,hort 9 _! m>g91 :ile ,codex #hj has no?+ at all4 ,all ^! v>iants are expla9able on ! supposition t ! orig9al read+ 0 4 ,exception be+ tak5 to ?is con/ruction1 "o copyi/ made x 1 ! o!r 1 ! ?ird suppli$ ! copula1 & ! f\r? dropp$ ! (f5d+ ^w altoge!r4 ,simil>ly1 9 *ap4 v4 #ac1 alone has pres]v$ ! correct read+ 1 = :i* ! o!rs h or 4 ,ano!r case is ii4 #ac1 :]e ! writ] wi%$ to say1 89 ! days ( ,antipas1 my fai?ful witness1 :o 0 sla940 ,accord+ to ! idiom m5tion$ above1 :ile 0 9 ! g5itive1 w\ld be 9 ! nom9ative ( apposition4 ,b ow+ to ! influ5ce ( ?is nom9ative1 0 made nom9ative s z to agree ) x1 & ! s5t5ce !n ran1 444 444 :i* c\ld n be con/ru$4 ,! consequ5ce 0 corrections ( all sorts4 ,! bolde/ exp$i5t 0 simply to drop ! 1 b o!r means 7 adopt$ to relieve ! con/ruction4 ,aft] "s ins]t$ or 1 ,erasmus read 1 has 1 & "s ,lat9 witnesses illis4 ,b read 9 ! g5itive & all is 9 ord]4#bic ,! ,apocalypse pres5ts q a numb] ( passages enabl+ u to di/+ui% ! manuscripts4 ,!re is v little diff]5ce 9 =m betwe5 & 7i4 #e71 & 7viii4 #ac71 & 7xv4 #f71 b x makes a great diff]5ce :e!r we read 8:o r$eem$ u0 or 8:o wa%$ u10 an 8eagle fly+0 or 8an angel fly+10 8we>+ pure l950 or 8we>+ pure /one40 ,^! v>iations are ! result ( accid5tal errors 9 transcription4 ,b we meet an in/ance ( int5tional alt]ation 9 xiii4 #ah1 :]e ! numb] ( ! bea/ is v>i\sly giv5 z #fff & #faf4 ,gr\p+ ! witnesses = ! =m] v>iants we h-- i4 #e4 1 ,a ,c1 ,syriac1#bid ,arm5ian4 1 ,q ,p1 ,vulgate1 ,coptic1 ,e?iopic4 viii4 #ac4 1 ,a ,q1 ,vulgate1 ,syriac1 ,coptic1 ,e?iopic4 1 ,p1 ,arm5ian4 ,! two read+s are comb9$ n only by c]ta9 comm5tators1 b 9 "s manuscripts1 4 xv4 #f4 1 ,a ,c1 am fu demid tol4 1 ,p1 ,syriac1 ,arm5ian1 ,clem5t9e-,vulgate4 is read by ,q1 & by 4 ,tregelles & ,we/cott alone accept ! read+ 2 all ! o!r editors reg>d x z an e>ly transcriptional error4 ,holtzmann ref]s to ! p>allel passages i4 #ac1 iv4 #d1 vii4 #i1 #ac1 xvii4 #d1 xviii4 #af1 xix4 #h1 #ad1 9 support ( 1 b !y po9t r ! o!r way4 ,= 8f9e l950 ,apocalypse has five times1 b nev] once 1 :i* means only ! mat]ial1 & n ! g>m5t made ( x4 ,moreov]1 we f9d a p>allel 9 ! ,old ,te/am5t1 ?\gh 9 ano!r connection1 9 ,ezekiel xxviii4 #ac1 :]e we read 1 s t "h mu/ n be s confid5tly reject$4 0 m liable to be *ang$ to ?an vice v]sa1 z ! ,vulgate %[s1 9 :i* ! au?oris$ pr9t$ edition has l9teo :]e ! manuscripts read lapidem4 ,at ! same "t "o _c b admit t primitive transcriptional errors d occur4 ,! read+ 9 viii4 #ac1 to :i* c]ta9 manuscripts prefix 1 seems to me to be corroborat$ by 9 xiv4 #f4 ,or are we to read !re 9 ! face ( all ! witnesses8 v4 #a4 ,! correct text "h is t adopt$ by ,zahn3 4 ,grotius1 ?\gh mi/ak5 z to ! true text1 0 ! fir/ to give ! "r int]pretation ( ! words by tak+ 77 ) 1 & 77 ) 4 8,locus sic di/+u5dus 1 40 ,?is comb9ation ( ! words 78haec nova di/9ctio07 0 combat$ = ! reason among o!rs t x depriv$ !m ( all _! =ce & r5d]$ !m sup]flu\s1 = :o ev] saw a roll t 0 writt5 on ! outside & seal$ on ! inside4 ,see ,pole's ,synopsis1 :]e x is said ( ,grotius1 8tam infelix int]pres ,apocalypseos e/ magnus ille ,hugo 9 rebus m9usculis40 ,zahn 7,e9leitung1 ii4 #eif7 improves ! text ( ,grotius1 b reta9s 8 connection ( ! words4 ,he holds t & are n correlative t]ms1 & t ! idea ( a papyrus roll writt5 on bo? sides 77 mu/ be ab&on$2 comp>e above1 p4 #dc1 n4 #b4 ,! book 01 9 fact1 n a roll b a codex4 ,two ?+s po9t to ?is4 ,!re is1 fir/1 ! fact t is said to be 4 ,_h x be5 a roll x w\ld h be5 4 ,moreov]1 ! ^w us$ = op5+ ! book is 1 & n1 z 9 ! case ( rolls1 1 1 or 4 ,t x 0 n writt5 on ! outside is also %[n by ! fact t x 0 seal$ ) sev5 seals1 ! purpose ( :i* 0 to make ! read+ ( ! book impossible4 ,n till ! sev5? seal is brok5 is ! book op5 & its cont5ts display$4 ,?is is q diff]5t f ! m5tion$ 9 *apt] x4 #b1 #i4 ,see also ,e4 ,hus*ke1 ,das ,bu* mit #g ,siegeln 7#ahfj71 to :i* ,zahn ref]s 7lib4 cit4 #eig74 ix4 #ag4 ,= ,primasius has sp9eas 7 71 a read+ :i* nei!r ,b\sset nor ,baljon1 /range to say1 ?9k wor? record+4 ,b\sset rightly obs]ves t 9 ! foll[+ v]se corresponds to 1 & to 1 s t lets u see :at ! writ] und]/ood z ! col\r ( hyac9?--viz4 ! col\r ( smoke4 ,b ! ideas ( 8?orns0 7sp9eae7 & 8smoke0 are ev5 m closely relat$4 xiii4 #ah4 ,ir5u f\nd #faf giv5 z ! numb] ( ! bea/ 9 "s manuscripts1 :i* he c\ld only expla9 z a transcriptional error3 8hoc autem arbitror scriptorum peccatum fuisse ut solet fi]i quoniam et p] lit]as num]i ponuntur1 facile lit]am ,graecam quae sexag9ta enuntiat num]um 9 iota ,graecorum lit]am expansam40 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 ! *ange f to w\ld be a contraction r ?an an expansion1 & ! alt]ation w\ld seem to be int5tional1 see+ t #fff 9 ,hebrew *>act]s gives ! ,greek =m ,n]on ,kes>1 & #faf ! ,lat9 ,n]o ,kes>4 ,ir5u himself1 h[ev]1 appeals to ! fact t ! numb] #fff 0 f\nd 1 ' 7v4 #cj1 #a-c74 ,! op5+ words 9 ! ,lat9 translation run1 89 omnibus antiquis et probatissimis et vet]ibus scripturis40 ,! subscription :i* he himself app5d$ to 8 own pr9cipal "w 7see above1 p4 #adi7 %[s h[ scrupul\sly exact he 0 ) respect to 1 s t we may give him cr$it = hav+ consult$ old & reliable manuscripts ( ! ,apocalypse4 ,! errone\s read+ 7#faf7 is n[ f\nd only 9 ,c & two m9uscules 7#e & #aa74 xxii4 #aa4 ,! only au?orities cit$ by ,tis*5dorf 9 support ( ! read+ 79 place ( 7 are ! two m9uscules #ch & #gi & ! ,clem5t9e ,vulgate4 ,b we f9d ! passage allud$ to 9 ! epi/le :i* ! ,*ur* ( ,lyons wrote giv+ an acc\nt ( ! ,m>tyrdom ( ! ye> #agg3 1 7apud ,euseb41 ,eccles4 ,hi/41 v4 #a1 #eh74 ,?is l5ds su* support to ! read+ 9 ,apoc4 xxii4 #aa1 t ,zahn n unnaturally speaks ( x z 8c]ta9ly ! orig9al text0 7,,gk4 i4 #bja74 ,e4 ,a4 ,abbott places ! date ( ! ,epi/le ( ! ,*ur* ( ,lyons z e>ly z #aee 7see ,expositor1 #ahif1 i4 #aaa-abf74 ,ano!r aspect w\ld be giv5 to ! "q if ! ,greek =m ( ! ,epi/le 7 d]iv$ f a ,lat91 or if1 z ,res* suppos$1 ! words 7 a quotation ( a say+ ( ,jesus 7,agrapha1 #acc1 p4 #bfc ff474 ,i take ! opportunity ( app5d+ to ,res*'s "w ! f9e say+ :i* ,zahn cites f ,augu/9e's ,contra ,adv]s>ium ,legis et ,prophet>um 7ed4 ,bassan4 x4 #fei ff47 z an o!rwise unkn[n ,apocryphum4 ,! disciples ask$ ,jesus 8de ,judaeorum prophetis1 quid s5tire deb]et1 qui de adv5tu eius aliquid cec9isse 9 praet]itum putantur40 ,& ,he1 8commotus talia eos etiam nunc s5tire1 respondit3 ,dimisi/is vivum qui ante vos e/ et de mortuis fabulam9i40 ,a simil> say+ f ! ,acta ,petri ,v]cell4 #aj is cit$ by ,h>nack 9 connection ) ! ?ird ( ! ,oxyrhyn*us ,logia3 8,qui mecum sunt1 non me intellex]unt40 ,footnote #bfe3 ,see ,mrs4 ,lewis1 9 ! ,expository ,times1 ,novemb] #aijj1 p4 #ef ff41 ,:at h we ga9$ 9 ! ,s9aitic ,palimpse/8 ,i4 ,/4 ,mat!w's ,gospel1 :]e a numb] ( important v>iants are cit$ f t manuscript4 ,footnote #bff3 ,cord]ius 7,cat54 ,psal41 ii4 #fca7 sub/itutes 8anci5t0 = 8accurate40 ,footnote #bfg3 ,or 8exemplo graeco10 accord+ z ! plural po9ts are ins]t$ or n4 ,! passage is pr9t$ 9 ,syriac by ,cureton1 p4 xxxvi1 :o says t x is also f\nd 9 ! m>g9 ( ! ,london manuscript ( ! ,pe%itto1 #addef4 ,he also gives ! v]ses 9 :i* ,juv5cus p>aphrases ?is text4 ,footnote #bfh3 ,! o!r v>iations ( ! ,lat9 witnesses are extremely in/ructive--viz43 locis em95tioribus sup]ioribus g#b emm4 honorificis m cl>ior dignior d m g#b honoratior e emm4 deorsum inf]ius g#b emm4 infra m inf]ior humilior m9or sup]ius sursum 9 sup]iori loco4 utilius utile gloriam4 ,?is v>iety is an indication ( ! e>ly age at :i* ! text 0 translat$ into ,lat94 ,footnote #bfi3 ,! ,!saurus ,syriacus does n conta9 ! ^w ei!r 9 col4 #adje "u 1 or 9 col4 #bbje "u 4 ,x may also be obs]v$ 9 pass+1 t ! passage is "o ( ^? ^: s5se is entirely *ang$ by ! ins]tion or omission ( ! negative 9 ?is or t witness 7see bel[ on ,gal4 ii4 #e74 ,in/ead ( 1 ,syrcu reads 4 ,moreov]1 x takes z imp]ative1 a fact t ,tis*5dorf has fail$ to notice4 ,footnote #bgj3 ,i see t ,*ase1 :o discusses ! passage 9 pp4 #i-ad ( 8 ,syro-,lat9 ,text1 has ! same impression3 8! comp\nd ,greek ^w 9 ,d1 1 seems int5d$ to repres5t ! ,syriac expression #8! "l ( ! supp]4'0 ,footnote #bga3 ,! case is q diff]5t 9 #a ,macc4 v4 #b1 :]e ! fir/ h& ( wrote = 4 ,"h occurs imm$iately be=e x4 ,footnote #bgb3 ,s giv5 9 ,m]x's edition1 b n 9 ,lewis4--,tr4 ,footnote #bgc3 ,see also von ,dobs*tz1 ,das ,k]ygma ,petri1 p4 #hb1 :]e he cites ! passage ( ,orig5 relat+ to ! ,doctr9a ,petri1 :i* is also quot$ by ,tis*5dorf on ,luke xxiv4 #ci1 & insi/s rightly t 9 ! ,,lxx is nev] employ$ to repres5t 4 ,conybe>e's articles on 8,! ,demonology ( ! ,new ,te/am5t0 9 ! ,jewi% ,qu>t]ly ,review 7#ahif7 ,i h un=tunately be5 unable to consult4 ,joh4 ,weiss nev] m5tions 9 8 article on ,dmon5 und ,dmonis*e 9 ! ,,pre#c1 iv4 ,footnote #bgd3 ,?is description is else:]e und]/ood z apply+ to ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia4 ,footnote #bge3 ,! same v>iation occurs 9 ,luke vi4 #g1 :]e 99 ,b ,s ,x read 7 ,d71 :ile c ,a ,e ,f h 4 ,footnote #bgf3 ,:5 exam9+ ,codex ,b ,i took occasion to look at c]ta9 o!r passages1 & discov]$ "s /range mi/akes 9 ,tis*5dorf's /atem5ts ) reg>d to t manuscript1 z ,i did previ\sly 9 ! case ( ,codex ,d4 ,9 #c ,john #ac ,b has = '1 on :i* ,tis*5dorf has no note4 ,we/cott & ,hort m5tion ! passage 9 _! ,notes on ,or?ography1 ii4 p4 #aec1 b say no?+ ab\t ,b4 ,on ,jude #e we f9d ,tis*5dorf say+ 9 8 ,app>atus3 s9e cum ,a ,b ,c#b 444 7,gboo7 add4 cum ,k ,l4 ,b /&s q pla9 9 ,b4 ,_h !y kn[n ?is1 ,tis*5dorf & ,we/cott & ,hort w\ld c]ta9ly h pr9t$ _! text diff]5tly4 ,h[ f> back ?is false te/imony ) reg>d to ,b ext5ds ,i am unable to c]tify4 ,x is f\nd 9 ,tis*5dorf's sev5? edition ( #ahei1 & 9 ,hu!r's ,comm5t>y ( ! same date4 ,i repeat my ,cet]um c5seo1 t two or ?ree %>p eyes %\ld really revise ! /atem5ts curr5t ab\t ,b4 ,?is "o is repeat$ f ,tis*5dorf by ,baljon1 ,weiss1 & all our ,comm5tators4 ,at ! same "t1 ,weiss has q prop]ly ins]t$ 9 8 text1 on ! gr\nd t :ile !re 0 no occasion = its int]polation1 its omission is q conceivable4 ,he w1 no d\bt1 be gratifi$ to see 8 reason+ confirm$ by ?is weighty te/imony af=d$ by ,codex ,b4 ,footnote #bgg3 ,fur!r in/ances ( *anges requir+ inve/igation are3-- & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 1 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 & 2 active & middle voice1 1 etc4 ,footnote #bgh3 ,see1 h[ev]1 ,romans i4 #ad1 & comp>e ,zahn1 ,e9l41 i4 #bfc4--,tr4 ,footnote #bgi3 ,i h already 7p4 #cg7 ref]r$ to ! frequ5cy ) :i* mi/akes1 (t5 q incr$ible mi/akes1 9 translation occur4 ,a few additional in/ances may be cit$ "h4 ,!re is1 = example1 t ( ,ephraem 9 ,john ii4 #b1 m5tion$ above1 p4 #bhg4 ,accord+ to ,aphraates #da1 #af1 ,jesus promis$ to ! m\rn]s 1 i4e4 t !y %\ld be entreat$4 ,! writ] ( ! text1 !re=e1 t ,aphraates us$1 mu/ h tak5 "h 9 ! s5se ( 8to entreat40 ,see ,zahn1 ,=s*ung51 i4 #gh4 ,! same writ] 7#chc1 #af7 r5d]s ! words 9 ,luke xvi4 #be 9 ! =m 1 i4e4 8b to-day ?\ entreate/ ( him01 :]e is aga9 tak5 9 ! s5se ( 8to entreat01 ?\gh a diff]5t ^w is us$ = x4 ,see ,zahn1 ibid4 ,aga91 ,aphraates 7#cij1 #d7 r5d]s 77 9 ,luke vi4 #bd 1 8_! pray]1 _! reque/40 ,zahn1 ibid4 ,! la/ clause ( ,john v4 #ad is r5d]$ 8t ?\ maye/ h ne$ ( no?+ else10 :]e mu/ h be5 read in/ead ( 4 ,zahn1 ,=s*ung51 i4 #afa f4 ,comp>e also ! ,syriac text ( ,apoc4 ii4 #ac2 viii4 #ac1 etc4 ,footnote #bhj3 ,on ! cu/om ( dictat+ lett]s1 see ,nord51 ,die antike ,kun/prosa 7#ahih71 p4 #ied ff4 ,on ! autograph additions to ! lett]s ( ! ,emp]or ,julian1 see ,bidez & ,cumont1 ,re*]*es etc41 p4 #ai 7see above1 p4 #agd74 ,footnote #bha3 ,:at an am\nt ( p]plexity w\ld h be5 avoid$ _h ,paul be5 9 ! way ( dat+ 8 lett]s exactly1 or _h ! copyi/s pres]v$ ! dates1 suppos+ !y 7 !re orig9ally6 ,"o1 b only "o1 ( ! epi/les ( ,ignatius be>s a date--viz4 t to ! ,romans3 7x4 #c74 ,footnote #bhb3 ,on ^! two v]bs comp>e ,exod4 xxxi4 #ag1 :]e ! ,,lxx has & ,aquila 2 ,isa4 xxxiv4 #ad1 ,,lxx 1 ,aquila 2 ,isa4 xxviii4 #ab1 ,aquila 2 comp>e also 1 ,matt4 xi4 #bi2 1 ,acts iii4 #bj4 ,weiss1 9 8 ,comm5t>y1 ignores ! read+ ( ,b 9 ,rom4 xv4 #cb2 9 8 discussion ( ! text he supposes t ! text 0 mutilat$ by a translator1 & t ,d ,e ,f ,g 8s\ght to re/ore x 9 _! own way40 ,footnote #bhc3 ,see #a ,cor4 v4 #h1 :]e ! ,syriac has --i4e4 --= 4 ,footnote #bhd3 ,to ^! examples1 ga!r$ q incid5tally1 "o might add z _m f ! ,old ,te/am5t & o!r books if "o paid any att5tion to !m 9 read+4 ,take1 = example1 ,h]odotus i4 #bd4 ,0 ! votive (f]+ t ,arion set up at ,ta5>um or 8 ,9 ! ,g]mania xv4 #a did ,tacitus say ( ! ,g]mans 8non multum v5ationibus1 plus p] otium transigunt10 or 8multum v5ationibus1 etc408 ,9 ! new edition ( ,orig5 7i4 #hg1 #af7 ,koets*au reads :]e ! manuscript & ! e>li] editions h 1 & he lets an /& :i* o!rs omit1 etc4 ,footnote #bhe3 ,9 8 ,lucian ,lag>de gives examples ( 8 be+ deceiv$ by c]ta9 lett]s %9+ ?r\gh f ! opposite side--e4g4 ,e/h] v4 #bb & #bg4 ,?is latt] is a mo/ int]e/+ case4 ,! foll[+ v]se beg9s ) 1 & ,lag>de ?\ght t ! fir/ scribe _h add$ ano!r by mi/ake & aft]w>ds eras$ x1 :]eas x turn$ out t :at he took to be 0 no?+ else ?an %9+ ?r\gh f ! o!r side4 ,footnote #bhf3 ,cf4 ,we/cott1 ,canon1 ,"p ,,ii4 *4 ii4 #a1 p4 #ced ff42 ,bible 9 ! ,*ur*1 p4 #abe f4 ,footnote #bhg3 ,cf4 ,we/cott1 ,bible 9 ! ,*ur*1 p4 #aec ff4 ,footnote #bhh3 ,see ,article on ,! ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 by ,salmond1 9 ,ha/+s' ,diction>y ( ! ,bible1 i4 p4 #cei f4 ,footnote #bhi3 ,x is c]ta9ly difficult to con/ruct an ,app>atus :i* %all be concise & yet cle>4 ,9 ,jude #bb ,baljon adopts 9 ! text1 & yet he leaves ! app>atus arrang$ 9 su* a way z to sugge/ t he int5d$ to read ) ,tis*5dorf4 ,footnote #bij3 ,! inscription on a column at ,rome d$icat$ to a ,sab9e god :i* ,ju/9 read z 8,simoni ,sancto ,deo10 & und]/ood z ref]r+ to ,simon ,magus4 ,see ,kurtz1 ,*ur* ,hi/ory 7,macph]son71 i4 p4 #ig2 ,ne&]1 ,*ur* ,hi/ory 7,bohn71 ii4 p4 #abc1 note4 ,footnote #bia3 ,comp>e also ! articles on #a & #b ,pet] by ! same writ] 9 vol4 iii4 ,footnote #bib3 ,see ,blass1 ,gramm> ( ,n4 ,t4 ,greek1 #ca1 #f1 ,eng4 ,tr41 p4 #hj f4 ,comp>e ! simil> ,g]man idiom us$ 9 ! titles ( books1 8von ,x4 ,y4 ord5tli*] ,pr(essor40 ,h[ naturally ?is comes to a ,hebrew is %[n by ! fact t ,sal4 ,br1 9 8 translation ( ! ,massoretic note at ! end ( ! books ( ,samuel 7,leipzig1 ,tau*nitz1 #ahib1 p4 #aeh71 among o!r lovely ?+s has 8ad mortem ,davidis rex ,israelis40 ,footnote #bic3 ,9 ?is 7indep5d5t7 sugge/ion ,i am glad to f9d myself 9 agreem5t ) ,la*mann 7,/udi5 und ,kritik51 #ahcj1 p4 #hci71 & ,we/cott & ,hort 7ii41 ,app41 #acg74 ,i see t ,baljon & ,zahn too foll[ x4 ,b ,b\sset /ill writes 4 ,footnote #bid3 ,includ+ ,gwynn's ,syriac manuscript2 see above1 p4 #ajb4 ,,app5dix ,i4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ ( writ]s mo/ frequ5tly cit$ 9 critical editions ( ! ,new ,te/am5t4 ,!y are arrang$ *ronologically1 b x mu/ be rememb]$ t ! dates are m or less unc]ta91 & t 9 ! case ( _m writ]s ! p]iod ( activity lies 9 two c5turies3-- ,,fir/ ,,c5tury4 ,greek4 ,lat94 ,clem5t ( ,rome1 fl4 #ie ,ignatius1 d4 #ajg8 ,b>nabas1 8 ,,second ,,c5tury4 ,dida*e1 8 ,h]mas1 #adj8 ,m>cion 79 ,epiphanius & ,t]tullian71 fl4 #ade ,ari/ides1 #aci ,polyc>p1 d4 #aee ,ju/9 ,m>tyr1 d4 #afe ,clem5t9e ,homilies & ,recognitions1 ca4 #aij ,papias1 fl4 #adj ,gospel ( ,pet]1 ca4 #agj ,tatian1 fl4 #agj ,a!nagoras1 fl4 #agg ,!ophilus ( ,antio*1 d4 #ahb ,celsus 79 ,orig571 ca4 #ahj ,hegesippus1 fl4 #ahj ,ir5u 7see ,lat971 d4 #bjb ,t]tullian1 fl4 #bjj ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 fl4 #aid ,ir5i ,int]pres 7accord+ to ,tis*5dorf & ,gregory1 b see bel[74 ,,?ird ,,c5tury4 ,hippolytus1 fl4 #bbj ,julius ,africanus1 fl4 #bbj ,gregory ,?aumaturgus1 d4 #bfe ,orig51 d4 #bdh ,cyprian1 d4 #beh ,dionysius ( ,alex&ria1 d4 ,novatian1 fl4 #bea #bfe ,porphyry1 d4 #cjd ,lactantius1 fl4 #cjf ,pamphilus1 d4 #cjh ,arnobius1 d4 #cjf ,me?odius1 d4 #caj ,victor9us ( ,pettau1 d4 #cjc ,didascalia1 8 ,apo/olic ,con/itutions 7& f\r? c5tury1 etc474 ,,f\r? ,,c5tury4 ,arius1 fl4 #cbe ,jacobus ,nisib5us 7,syrian71 d4 ,juv5cus1 fl4 #ccj #cch ,eusebius ( ,cs>ea1 d4 #cdj ,ir5i ,int]pres 7accord+ ,aphraates 7,syrian71 fl4 #cdj to ,we/cott & ,hort74 ,eu/a?ius1 ,bi%op ( ,antio*1 fl4 #cej ,hil>y ( ,poicti]s1 d4 #cfh ,z5o1 fl4 #cej ,victor9us ( ,rome1 fl4 #cfj ,a?anasius1 d4 #cgc ,damasus1 ,pope1 fl4 #cff ,ephraem 7,syrian71 d4 #cgc ,lucif]1 d4 #cga ,basil ! ,great1 d4 #cgi ,pacianus1 fl4 #cgj ,evagrius ( ,pontus1 d4 #chj ,optatus1 fl4 #cga ,cyril ( ,j]usalem1 d4 #chf ,phila/rius1 fl4 #chj ,amphilo*ius1 fl4 #cgj ,gaud5tius1 fl4 #chg ,mac>ius ,magnes1 fl4 #cgc ,ruf9us1 fl4 #cig ,gregory ,nazianz51 d4 #cij ,ambrose1 d4 #cig ,gregory ( ,nyssa1 d4 #cid ,ambrosia/]1 fl4 #cij ,diodorus ( ,t>sus1 d4 #cid ,*romatius1 fl4 #cij ,didymus ( ,alex&ria1 d4 #cid ,tyconius1 fl4 #cij ,!ophilus ( ,alex&ria1 fl4 ,j]ome1 d4 #dbj #chh ,epiphanius1 d4 #djc ,priscillian1 ca4 f94 ,*ryso/om1 fl4 #djg ,auctor libri ,de ,rebaptismate4 ,isidore ( ,pelusium1 fl4 #dab ,,fif? ,,c5tury4 ,nonnus1 fl4 #djj ,fau/us1 fl4 #djj ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia1 d4 #dbi ,hil>y ( ,arles1 d4 #dbi ,victor ( ,antio*1 d4 #dcj ,augu/9e1 d4 #dcj ,cyril ( ,alex&ria1 d4 #ddd ,prosp] ( ,aquitania1 fl4 #dca ,!odotus ( ,ancyra1 fl4 #dca ,s$ulius1 fl4 #dca ,basil ( ,seleucia1 fl4 #ddj ,leo ! ,great1 fl4 #ddj ,socrates1 fl4 #ddj ,petrus ,*rysologus1 d4 #dee ,!odoret1 ,bi%op ( ,g5nadius1 fl4 #dei ,cyrus1 d4 #deg ,vigilius1 fl4 #dhd ,eu?alius1 d4 #deh ,auctor libri ,de ,promissionibus4 ,sozom51 fl4 #ddj ,,six? ,,c5tury4 ,c&idus ,isaurus1 fl4 #ejj ,fulg5tius1 ,bi%op ( ,ruspe1 d4 #ecc ,sev]us ( ,antio*1 fl4 #eab ,ju/9ian1 fl4 #ecj ,!odorus ,lector1 fl4 #ebe ,cs>ius ( ,arles1 d4 #edc ,&reas1 ,bi%op ( ,primasius1 fl4 #eej ,cs>ea1 ca4 f94 ,max5tius1 8 ,victor1 ,bi%op ( ,tunis1 d4 #efe ,cosmas ,indicopleu/es1 fl4 #ece ,cassiodorus1 d4 #ege ,euty*ius1 fl4 #eec ,gregory ! ,great1 d4 #fjd ,*ronicon ,pas*ale4 ,,sev5? ,,c5tury4 ,antio*us ! ,monk1 fl4 #fad ,pet] ! ,deacon1 8 ,&reas ( ,crete1 fl4 #fce8 ,maximus ,confessor1 d4 #ffb ,mode/us ( ,j]usalem1 8 ,,eigh? ,,c5tury4 ,damasc5us1 ,johannes1 fl4 #gcj ,b$e1 d4 #gce ,nicephorus1 fl4 #ghg ,petrus ,siculus1 8 ,,n9? ,,c5tury4 ,photius ( ,con/ant9ople1 d4 #hia ,,t5? ,,c5tury4 ,are?as1 8 ,symeon1 8 cum5ius1 ca4 #iej8 ,suidas ! ,lexicograph]1 ca4 #ihj ,,elev5? ,,c5tury4 ,!ophylact1 ,bi%op ( ,bulg>ia1 fl4 #ajgg ,,twelf? ,,c5tury4 ,eu?ymius ,zigab5us1 fl4 #aaaf ,nicetas ( ,byzantium1 d4 #abjf ,,app5dix ,,ii4 4 ,i _h int5d$ to give 9 full ^? passages ( ! ,fa!rs kn[n to me 9 :i* m5tion is made ( manuscripts prep>$ by !mselves or o!rs4 ,9 ?is way ,i hop$ to make a />t t[>ds supply+ ! desid]atum spok5 ( on p4 #aed above4 ,b ,i feel t 9 ord] to be any?+ l complete1 ?is w\ld occupy too mu* space = ! pres5t "w4 ,ev5 ! passages 9 :i* ,orig5 speaks ( 1 ?\gh n 8innum]able10 z ,zahn says ) a t\* ( exagg]ation1 are yet too num]\s to be includ$ "h4 ,a consid]able numb] ( su* passages are already giv5 9 full 9 ,tis*5dorf's ,editio ,octava4 ,i h cont5t$ myself ) giv+ "h1 an alphabetic li/ ( ^!1 9 ord] to facilitate a geographical & *ronological survey ( ! relevant matt]4 ,:]e only "o passage is giv51 x w be f\nd 9 full 9 ,tis*5dorf4 ,passages 9 :i* ! ^w itself or its synonyms 7codex1 exempl>1 etc47 does n occur1 b :]e express m5tion is yet made ( read+s f\nd 9 manuscripts1 are giv5 9 brackets4 ,"s surpris+ facts are br\ght to light by su* quotations4 ,witness ! rem>k made by ,basil ! ,great 7ob4 #cgi7 on ,luke xxii4 #cf1 :o tells u t 9 ,cappadocia 9 8 "t _m manuscripts1 inde$1 if ! text is correct ! majority ( manuscripts 7 71 exhibit$ a read+ n[ f\nd 9 only "o s+le manuscript1 & t ! ma9 repres5tative ( ! 8,we/]n0 text2 ,i ref] to ,codex ,bezae4 ,see above on ,luke xxii4 #cf4 ,i may m5tion "h t a c]ta9 8,basilius diaconus0 0 ! possessor ( a magnific5t ,bible1 ! cov] ( ! fir/ "p ( :i* 0 us$ = ,codex ,syrohexapl>is ,ambrosianus4 ,! inscription ran3 4 ,see ! facsimile & description 9 ,c]iani's edition1 ,monum5ta ,sacra et ,pr(ana1 vol4 vii41 folio4 ,adamantius 7i4e4 ,orig571 see ,hi]onymus4 ,ambrosia/]1 ,rom4 v4 #ad2 ! quotation %\ld be correct$ 9 accordance ) ,haussleit]1 ,=s*ung51 iv4 #cb2 7,rom4 xii4 #ac72 #a ,cor4 v4 #c2 ,gal4 ii4 #e4 ,ambrose1 ,luke vii4 #ce2 ,gal4 iv4 #h4 ,ana/asius1 ,matt4 xxvii4 #ah4 ,&reas1 ,apoc4 iii4 #g4 ,apoll9>ius1 possibly m5tion$ 9 ! s*olia 9 ,codex ,m>*alianus 7see ,swete's ,septuag9t1 iii4 p4 viii71 ,john vii4 #ec4 ----1 see ,mac$onius4 ,apollonides1 ,eusebius1 ,eccles4 ,hi/41 v4 #bh4 ,are?as1 ,apoc4 i4 #b1 iii4 #g4 ,asclepiades1 ,eusebius1 ,eccles4 ,hi/41 v4 #bh4 ,a?anasius 7also ,pseudo-,a?anasius71 ,matt4 v4 #bb2 #b ,!ss4 ii4 #i2 = 8 m5tion ( ! made = ! ,emp]or ,con/ans1 see above1 p4 #aha1 note1 & p4 #ahd2 ,zahn's ,=s*ung51 iii4 #ajj1 ,,gk4 i4 #gc4 ,augu/9e1 ,matt4 xxvii4 #i2 ,luke iii4 #bb2 ,rom4 v4 #ad2 7,rom4 xiii4 #ad72 #a ,cor4 xv4 #e2 ,phil4 iii4 #c4 ,basil 7! ,great71 ,luke xxii4 #cf2 ,ephes4 i4 #a2 ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 i4 #cde4 ,b$e1 ,acts1 passim4 ,*ronicon ,pas*ale1 ,john xix4 #ad 7see above1 p4 #cj74 ,*ryso/om1 ,john i4 #bh4 ,didymus1 #b ,cor4 i4 #a4 ,epiphanius1 ,matt4 i4 #h1 ii4 #aa 7 1 1 1 i4 #dcj1 #ajhe74 ,see ,we/cott & ,hort1 8,notes10 9 loco2 ,matt4 viii4 #bh2 ,luke viii4 #bf1 xix4 #da1 7xxii4 #dc f472 ,john i4 #bh2 ,ephes4 i4 #a4 ,eusebius1 ,matt4 xiii4 #ce1 xxvii4 #i2 ,m>k i4 #b1 xvi4 #c1 #i ff42 ,john xix4 #ad4 ,eu?alius1 ,jude #be4 ,eu?ymius1 7,m>k xvi4 #i72 ,john vii4 #ec4 ,gregory ( ,nyssa 7,pseudo-71 ,m>k xvi4 #b1 #i4 ,h]mophilus1 ,eusebius1 ,eccles4 ,hi/41 v4 #bh4 ,hesy*ius1 ,m>k xvi4 #b1 #i4 ,hi]onymus 7,j]ome71 ,matt4 xiii4 #ce1 xxi4 #ca1 xxiv4 #ag2 ,m>k iii4 #ag1 xvi4 #i2 ,luke ii4 #cc1 7xviii4 #cj71 xxii4 #dc f42 ,john vii4 #ec2 ,acts xv4 #bi2 #a ,cor4 ix4 #e2 ,gal4 ii4 #e1 iii4 #a2 ,ephes4 iii4 #ad2 #a ,tim4 v4 #ai2 ,heb4 ii4 #aj4 ,ir5u1 ,apoc4 xiii4 #ah 7see above1 9 loco74 ,isidore1 ,heb4 ix4 #ag4 ,mac$onius 7see ,draeseke1 ,th,st,kr41 #ahij1 #ab71 ,rom4 viii4 #aa4 ,m>cion1 see ,epiphanius1 ,ephes4 i4 #a4 ,maxim9us1 #a ,cor4 xv4 #dg4 cum5ius1 ,acts xiv4 #bf4 ,orig51 ,matt4 ii4 #ah1 viii4 #bh1 xvi4 #bj1 xviii4 #a1 7xix4 #ai71 7xxi4 #ae71 7xxvii4 #i71 xxvii4 #af ff4 7see above1 9 loco72 ,m>k ii4 #ad2 ,luke i4 #df2 ,john i4 #bh2 ,rom4 iv4 #c1 xvi4 #bc 7see ,zahn1 ,e9leitung1 i4 #bgf1 #bhe72 ,col4 ii4 #ae4 ,pi]ius1 see ,hi]onymus4 ,sev]us1 ,m>k xvi4 #i4 ,socrates1 #a ,john iv4 #c4 ,!odoret1 ,rom4 xvi4 #c4 ,!odore ( ,mopsue/ia1 ,heb4 ii4 #aj4 ,!odotus1 ,eusebius1 ,eccles4 ,hi/41 v4 #bh4 ,!ophylact1 #b ,!ss4 iii4 #ad2 ,heb4 ii4 #aj1 x4 #a4 ,victor1 ,m>k xvi4 #i4 ,m5tion is made ( 9 anonym\s s*olia on ,matt4 ii4 #ah1 xx4 #bh1 7xxii4 #ab72 ,m>k xi4 #ac2 ,luke xvi4 #ai 7giv+ ! "n ( ! ,ri* ,man z ,n9ive1 i4e41 ,ph9ees2 see ,r5del ,h>ris 9 ! ,expositor1 ,m>* #aijj72 ,luke xxii4 #dc f41 xxiv4 #ac2 ,john i4 #bi1 vii4 #ec1 xxi4 #be2 ,rom4 viii4 #bd4 ,,index ,i4 ,subjects ,abbot1 ,e41 #i1 #eh4 ,abbreviation1 #dh1 #cae1 #cag1 #ccj4 ,acc5tuation1 #dg1 #fa4 ,a*mim1 dialect (1 #acc1 #ace4 ,acts1 text (1 #bbd1 #bid4 ,adamantius1 #ahg4 ,additions1 #bch4 ,adl]1 #ai1 #ajc4 ,african ,lat91 #aaj1 #aai4 ,aggaeus1 #if4 ,alcu91 #abe1 #agf4 ,aldus1 #b4 ,ambrose1 #aji1 #bje4 ,ambrosia/]1 #adh1 #bje4 ,aml9eau1 #gj1 #ace1 #acg4 ,amelli1 #aac4 ,ammonian sections1 #ef4 ,&reas1 #aia1 #cbi4 ,anselm1 #g4 ,antilegom5a1 #ab1 #ie1 #cba4 ,an?ony1 #ace4 ,antw]p ,polyglot1 #aj4 ,aphraates1 #ih1 #baf1 #bed1 #bic1 #cba4 ,apocrypha1 #bf1 #acg4 ,apollonides1 #bjj f4 ,apollos1 #bdb4 ,apo/olicum ( ,m>cion1 #bjg4 ,arabic v]sion1 #adb4 ,aramaic1 #ic4 ,are?as1 #aia1 #cbi4 ,arians1 #bje4 ,arias ,montanus1 #aj4 ,ari/ion1 #adb1 #bie4 ,arm5ian v]sion1 #ada4 ,artemonites1 #bjj4 ,article1 importance ( !1 #beh1 #bhg1 #bhh1 #bie1 #cbh4 ,asclepiades1 #bjj f4 ,a/]isks1 #aja1 #ahf4 ,a?anasius1 #fb1 #aha1 #ahc4 ,dialogue ( ,a4 & ,zac*aeus1 #ii n4 ,a?os manuscripts1 #ij1 #aeb1 #aij4 ,augu/9e1 #ajh1 #abj1 #adg4 ,autographs1 #bi f41 #ig4 ,balg1 #aci4 ,baljon1 #bd1 #afh4 ,b>abbas1 pr5om5 (1 #ajc1 #bdd1 #bei4 ,b>nabas1 #cj1 #ed f4 ,b>n>d1 #aed n4 ,basil ! ,great1 #bgg1 #cdj4 ,basilides1 #bjc4 ,ba%muric dialect1 #acc4 ,b?g51 #aje4 ,batiffol1 #gc1 #ge1 #aci4 ,bebb1 #ie4 ,b$e1 #ge1 #bba4 ,bell>m91 #abg4 ,bel%eim1 #aab ff4 ,b5$ict1 ,rule (1 #agc4 ,b5gel1 #c1 #af1 #cj1 #abc1 #bba1 #bef4 ,b5sly1 #gi1 #ig1 #ajb1 #aje4 ,b5tley1 #af1 #gg1 #hc4 ,b]g]1 ,j4 ,g41 #cj4 ,b]g]1 ,s41 #aaa1 #aaf f41 #abc1 #acj4 ,b]nh>dt1 #aci4 ,b]n\lli1 #agd4 ,b]n/e91 #ajj4 ,b]!au1 #ah4 ,bess>ion1 #hg4 ,beurli]1 #aag4 ,beza1 #i1 #fd1 #bba4 ,biblio!ca1 #ci1 #ec4 ,bidez1 #agd4 ,bir*1 #ai4 ,bian*9i1 #aaa f41 #aca4 ,blass1 #cb1 #fe1 #afc1 #bbd1 #bfj4 ,bohairic v]sion1 #acc4 ,boniface1 #df1 #abb4 ,bonnet1 #bf4 ,bonus1 #aje4 ,boetti*]1 see ,lag>de4 ,b\riant1 #ace4 ,b\sset1 #ia1 #aeh1 #cbi4 ,br&s*eid1 #bf4 ,brea?+s1 #dg4 ,brightman1 #ff4 ,briti% & ,=eign ,bible ,society1 #d1 #ac4 ,brugs*1 #acg4 ,burgon1 #hc1 #adf1 #aei4 ,burkitt1 #ig1 #ajd f41 #aji1 #aca1 #aci1 #adc1 #bbi4 ,byzant9e ,rec5sion1 #ba1 #ahj ff4 ,canons ( ,criticism1 #af1 #bcd1 #bci4 ,eusebian1 #ef1 #bfc4 ,capitals1 #cd1 #ei1 #bfa4 ,c>y1 #afj4 ,c>yophilus1 #ad4 ,cassels1 #ajf4 ,cassiodorus1 #ej1 #abh1 #age4 ,ca/le1 #ab4 ,catalogus ,cl>omontanus1 #gf1 #afb4 ,cat5ae1 #adg4 ,celsus1 #add1 #bjd1 #bif4 ,ceolfrid1 #abb4 ,cephaleus1 #g4 ,c]iani1 #aaf4 ,ceugney1 #ace4 ,*apt] division1 #h4 ,*>lemagne1 #abe4 ,*>les ! ,bald1 #abe4 ,*>les1 ,r4 ,h41 #adj4 ,*ase1 #fe1 #baf1 #bgd4 ,*eikho1 #ajd4 ,*ronicon ,pas*ale1 #cj4 ,*ryso/om1 #ib1 #aha4 ,ciasca1 #ace4 ,clay z writ+ mat]ial1 #de4 ,clem5t ( ,rome1 #ei1 #aaj1 #aec4 ( ,alex&ria1 #adg1 #aec1 #bjd4 ,clem5t9e ,vulgate1 #abg4 ,codex1 #da4 ,cola & ,commata1 #di4 ,col9u1 #g4 ,columns1 #cg4 ,comma ,johanneum1 #d1 #bf1 #cj1 #hf1 #cbg4 ,complut5sian ,polyglot1 #a4 ,conflate read+s1 #bde4 ,confusion ( v[els & consonants1 #afh ff41 #bcf1 #bfb4 ,conjectural em5dation1 #afg4 ,con/ans1 #aha1 #ahc4 ,con/ant9e1 #ed1 #bje4 ,cont5ts ( manuscripts1 #ch1 #eb4 ,conybe>e1 #gi1 #ii1 #adb4 ,cop+]1 #f4 ,coptic dialect1 #acb4 ,copy+1 mi/akes 91 #cg1 #agj1 #bcd ff41 #cac1 #ccj4 ,corpus ,scriptorum ,ecclesia/icorum ,lat9orum1 #adf4 ,corrections1 int5tional1 #aib1 #bji1 #bci4 ,corrector 771 #eg4 ,correctoria ,bibliorum1 #abf4 ,corruption ( ! text1 ,greek & ,lat9 t]ms =1 #aih4 ,corss51 #aaf1 #abc4 ,cotton pap]1 #cf1 #dd4 ,c\rcelles1 #ad4 ,cozza1 #fj1 #fb4 ,cr$n]1 #fe4 ,criticism1 object ( textual1 #bh1 #aef4 subjective1 #aeg4 ,cromwell1 #ab4 ,cron91 #fh4 ,cr[foot1 #aje4 ,crum1 #ace f4 ,curetonian ,syriac1 #ig1 #ajd1 #bdh4 ,cursive script1 #ce1 #ha f4 ,cursive manuscripts1 see ,m9uscules4 ,cyprian1 #aag1 #aai1 #adg4 ,cyril ,luc>1 #ac1 #eh4 ,damasus1 #ajg4 ,dat$ manuscripts1 #fi1 #gb1 #cjj n4 ,deane1 #aja1 #ajc4 ,de ,dieu1 #aja4 1 #bag1 #bef4 ,delisle1 #abc4 ,delitzs*1 #b1 #d1 #e4 ,dialects ( ,egypt1 #acb4 ( ,pale/9e1 #ic1 #ajc4 ,diatess>on1 see ,tatian4 ,dictation1 #bcd1 #bih4 ,didascalia1 #aee4 ,dillmann1 #adj4 ,dionysius ( ,cor9?1 #aii4 1 see ,corrector4 1 #da1 #dc4 ,dobs*tz1 von1 #gj1 #gb1 #gi1 #abc4 ,dogmatic alt]ations1 #aff1 #aig f41 #bjj ff41 #bji1 #bci4 ,dut* s*ool ( conjectural criticism1 #afh4 ,dziatzko1 #cc4 ,eck/e91 #aci4 ,eclectic me?od ( criticism1 #agj4 ,editio ,regia1 #g4 ,editions1 numb] (1 #e4 collections (1 #e4 size (1 #g4 ,ca?olic1 #be4 ,egyptian v]sions1 #acb ff4 ,ehrh>d1 #gi4 ,ellis1 #af4 ,elzevir1 #ac4 ,engelbre?1 #ace4 ,ephraem1 #ih1 #ajf1 #baf1 #bed4 ,erasmus1 #c1 #adf4 ,erizzo1 #ajb4 ,errors1 s\rces (1 #bcd ff4 ,ess1 van1 #be4 ,e?iopic v]sion1 #adj4 ,ets*miadz9 manuscript1 #adb1 #bie4 ,eugipus1 #abb4 ,eum5es1 ,k+ ( ,p]gamum1 #dj4 ,eusebius ( ,cs>ea1 #ed1 #ef1 #agi1 #ahe4 ,eusebian ,canons1 #ef1 #bfc4 ,eu?alius1 #gh f41 #ahh4 ,evagrius1 #gh n4 ,evangeli>ia1 #ci f41 #ia f41 #ajf4 ,fabiani1 #fj1 #fb4 ,families ( manuscripts1 #ag1 #aai1 #agf ff4 ,fa!rs1 li/ (4 ,see ,app5dix ,i4 ,fayumic dialect1 #acc1 #ace4 ,falsification ( text by h]etics1 #aig ff4 ,fell1 #ae1 #acc4 ,f]r> ,gr\p1 #hd f41 #ii1 #agg4 ,field1 #aha1 #bfd4 ,=d1 #acd4 ,frob51 #c1 #abf4 ,gabel5tz1 #aci4 ,gebh>dt1 ,o4 von1 #g1 #bb1 #gc1 #agd4 ,gehr+]1 #be4 ,gelasian ,decree1 #ahc4 ,g5ealogical me?od1 #afd1 #aga ff4 ,g5nadius1 #agc4 ,georgian v]sion1 #adb4 ,gibson1 #ig1 #aje1 #ajf1 #add4 ,gildemei/]1 #adj4 ,gno/ics1 #bjc f4 ,goltz1 von d]1 #ij1 #aij4 ,goodspe$1 #ia4 ,gospels1 collection & ord] (1 #afa f4 division (1 #ef1 #fa4 title (1 #afe1 #bdg4 ,gospel-book ( ,m>cion1 #bjg4 ,go?ic v]sion1 #acg ff4 ,g\ss51 #ace1 #acg4 ,graefe1 #ff1 #bca4 ,gr&val ,bible1 #abe4 ,gratz1 #be4 ,graux1 #dh4 ,gregory1 ,pope1 #abe4 ,gregory ( ,nyssa1 #hg4 ,gregory1 ,c4 ,r51 #f1 #g1 #bj1 #hc1 #ia1 #aaa4 ,gr5fell1 #gd4 ,griesba*1 #ah4 ,guidi1 #adj4 ,gwilliam1 #if1 #ajc1 #ajd4 ,gwynn1 #ajb1 #ajf4 ,haase1 #aad4 ,hb]l91 #dc4 ,hahn1 #bjf n4 ,hall1 ,isaac ,h41 #f1 #h1 #ajj4 ,hammond1 #aei4 ,h>d+1 #abe4 ,h>klean ,syriac1 #gi1 #ajj1 #ajf1 #ahi1 #bee4 ,h>mony ( ! ,gospels1 #af1 #ih4 ,h>nack1 #aee1 #bjb1 #bcb4 ,h>ris1 ,j4 ,r41 #cj1 #dd1 #fe1 #gd1 #hf1 #ia1 #ig1 #ajb1 #aje f41 #aae1 #aec1 #bad4 ,hasel(f1 #gc4 ,haul]1 #aee4 ,haussleit]1 #caa4 ,hebrew ,bible pr9t$1 #a4 ,hebrews1 ,gospel ( !1 #gb1 #if4 ,hegesippus1 #if4 ,heid5rei*1 #aai n4 ,h5t51 #abg1 #abh4 ,h]acleon1 #bjc4 ,h]etics1 _! falsifications1 #aig ff4 ,h]mas1 #dg1 #ed4 ,h]mophilus1 #bjj f4 ,hesy*ius1 #fa1 #fb1 #ahc ff4 ,hetz5au]1 #be1 #acb4 ,heyne1 #aci4 ,hi]onymus1 see ,j]ome4 ,hilg5feld1 #bf1 #aaf4 ,add5da4 ,hill1 #aje4 ,hitzig1 #afi1 #cji4 ,hogg1 #ajf1 #bad4 ,holtzmann1 #f1 #aaf4 ,holzhey1 #aje4 ,hom]1 manuscripts (1 #cc4 ,homoioteleuton1 #bce f4 ,hppe1 #aci4 ,horn]1 #acd1 #acf4 ,hort1 #ba1 #agj f4 ,hoski]1 #e1 #fb1 #hc4 ,hug1 #fa1 #ahb4 ,hunt1 #gd4 ,hyv]nat1 #ace1 #acf4 ,ib]ian v]sion1 see ,georgian4 ,ignatius1 #adf1 #cjj n4 ,illu/rat$ manuscripts1 #ea4 ,indiction1 #fi4 ,indiculus ,*eltonianus1 #afa4 ,ink1 #db4 ,int]polation1 #bch1 #bda n4 ,ir5u1 #adg1 #agf1 #bjb ff4 ,irico1 #aaa4 ,iri% h&s 9 manuscripts1 #gg1 #aac1 #abi4 ,isc>iot1 ! v>iants1 #bdb4 ,i%odad1 #bhb4 ,isl+]1 #gi4 ,itacism1 #bcf1 #bhg4 ,itala1 #aji4 1 spell+ ( ! "n1 #afb f4 ,jacob1 #fc4 ,jannon1 #g4 ,jaumann1 #be4 ,jebb1 #af4 ,j]ome1 #ajg1 #abd1 #agc4 ,j]usalem ,syriac1 #ajb1 #ajf4 ,jo/es1 #aci4 ,jov9ian1 #aee4 ,julian ! ,apo/ate1 #add1 #agd4 ,jli*]1 #aaf1 #aih4 ,junius1 #aj4 ,k>kaph5sian v]sion1 #ajc4 ,k>lsson1 #aaf4 ,kauffmann1 #aci1 #aha4 ,add5da4 ,kaul51 #abc1 #acj1 #aca4 ,k5yon1 #cc1 #eh1 #ha4 ,kipl+1 #fe4 ,knapp1 #ai4 ,koets*au1 #adi ff4 ,krall1 #ace4 ,kroll1 #aee4 ,k/]1 #ae4 ,la ,croze1 #ff1 #acd1 #ada4 ,la*mann1 #ai1 #hc1 #abc4 ,lag>de1 ,paul de1 #cj1 #fj1 #ie1 #ajb1 #ajf1 #acg1 #adj1 #adc1 #bbc4 ,a4 de1 #ajf4 ,lake1 #ff1 #gc1 #ia4 ,l&1 #ajc n4 ,langton1 #h4 ,laodica1 ,epi/le to1 #gg1 #aad1 #abi1 #bjg1 #bii1 #cac4 ,lat9 v]sions1 #ajg ff4 ,laud1 ,ar*bi%op1 #ge4 ,lead z writ+ mat]ial1 #dd4 ,lection>ies1 #ci1 #ia4 ,le ,jay1 #aa4 ,le ,long1 #ie4 ,leo ,x41 ,pope1 #b1 #c4 ,leusd51 #ajd4 ,lewis1 #ig1 #ajb1 #aje1 #ajf4 ,lewis ,syriac1 see ,s9ai ,syriac4 ,l95 z writ+ mat]ial1 #de4 ,l9es 9 manuscripts1 #cg4 ,l9ke1 #aab4 ,l9wood1 #afh n4 ,lippelt1 #afb f4 ,liturgical alt]ations1 #ia1 #bci1 #bfg4 ,loebe1 #aci4 ,london ,polyglot1 #ab4 ,l\va9 ,vulgate1 see ,h5t54 ,lhle91 #ajd4 ,lwe1 #adj4 ,lucas ,brug5sis1 #abg1 #adf4 ,lucian1 #he1 #ach1 #ahj ff4 ,luft1 #aci1 #adj4 ,lu!r1 #e1 #adi n41 #bhf1 #cji4 ,mace1 #af4 ,mae/ri*t1 ,g]h>d von1 #af1 #bci4 ,mai1 ,c>d9al1 #fj1 #aac1 #aci4 ,manuscripts1 age & locality1 #ce4 cont5ts1 #ch1 #eb f4 de luxe1 #di4 mat]ial1 #cf1 #dj ff4 numb]1 #cc1 #ha1 #hi1 #ij1 #ib4 size1 #ch4 ,m>cion1 #hg1 #bje1 #bjf ff4 ,m>cosians1 #bjb4 ,m>goli\?1 #ajf4 ,m>%all1 #acc4 ,m>t91 ,abb1 #afj4 ,m>tyrs1 era (1 #acf4 ,mas*1 #ie4 ,masp]o1 #ace4 ,masudi1 #afb4 ,mat]ials = writ+1 #dj ff4 ,mat?aei1 #ai4 1 spell+ ( ! "n1 #bdg4 ,maz>9 ,bible1 #abf4 ,melan*?on1 #hf1 #adj1 #aei4 1 #cf1 #da4 ,memphitic dialect1 #acc4 ,m]cator1 #ach4 ,m]x1 #aje1 #ajf4 ,mesrob1 #ada4 ,mi*aelis1 #ajd4 ,middle ,egyptian v]sions1 #acc1 #ace4 ,mill1 #ae4 ,mill]1 #f1 #aeb1 #aei4 ,m+>elli1 #ace4 ,m9uscules1 #cd1 #hb1 #hc ff4 ,mold5hau]1 #ai4 ,mont=tianus1 #d1 #hf4 ,morillon1 #ach4 ,mor91 #aa4 ,morri%1 #agj4 ,mll]1 #aci4 ,mnt]1 #ace4 abbreviat$ at ! end ( a ^w1 #cae1 #ccj4 ,"n ( ,dives1 #cdb4 ,names1 importance ( prop]1 #bda4 ( ! two ?ieves1 #bff4 ( prophets confus$1 #bea1 #beh4 ,negative liable to be omitt$1 see 4 ,ne/le1 #c1 #ag1 #bc1 #bf1 #dh1 #fe1 #acb4 ,noetus1 #bjc4 ,nor?umbrian manuscripts1 #abe1 #agf4 ,novatian1 #aee4 ,numb] ( words 9 ! ,n4,t41 #dh4 ( manuscripts4 ,see ,manuscripts4 ( ,greek editions pr9t$1 #e4 ( lett]s 9 ! ,n4,t41 #dh4 ,obelus1 #aja1 #ahf4 ,oikonomos1 #di n41 #ahi4 ,old ,lat9 v]sion & manuscripts1 #aaj ff4 ,ord] ( ! ,gospels1 #afa f4 ( ! ,ca?olic ,epi/les1 #cba4 ( ! ,paul9e ,epi/les1 #cjj f4 ,ord] ( words1 v>iation 9 !1 #bcg4 ,orig51 #adg1 #adi ff41 #ahe ff4 ,or?odox correctors1 #aib4 ,osgan1 #ada4 1 omission & ins]tion (1 #caj ff4 ,oxyrhyn*us papyri1 #gd1 #hj4 ,palography1 #cb f41 #ha f41 #aha1 #ahd4 ,pale/9ian ,syriac1 #ajb4 ,palimpse/1 #cg1 #ea1 #fc4 ,pamphilus1 #eg1 #gh1 #ahe ff4 1 #ci1 #ec4 ,pap]1 #cf1 #dd4 ,papyrus1 #cf1 #db4 ,p>*m5t1 #cf1 #dj4 ,p>is ,polyglot1 #aa4 ,correctoria1 #abf4 ,patricius1 #be4 ,paul's 8,books10 #de4 ,paul ( ,tella1 #ajb4 ,p5s1 #de4 ,p]icop1 #ci1 #ia1 #bci1 #bfg1 #bgg4 ,p]icope adult]1 #fh1 #hd1 #aab1 #adb1 #agg1 #bhb ff4 ,pe%itto v]sion1 #ie1 #ajc f4 ,philox5ian ,syriac1 #ajj4 ,pick]+1 #g4 ,pi]ius1 #ahg4 ,pius ,v41 ,pope1 #abg4 ,plant91 #aj f4 ,pococke1 #ajj4 ,polyc>p ! ,*orepiscopus1 #ajj4 ,polyglots1 #a1 #aj ff4 ,pott1 8 view ( ,acts1 #bid4 ,praetorius1 #adj4 ,praxapo/olos1 #dj1 #ib4 ,preus*51 #afa1 n4 #a4 ,pr9t+ ( ! ,n4,t41 e>lie/1 #a1 #c4 ,primasius1 #aai1 #adh4 ,priscillian1 #aai4 & 1 #bcg n4 ,prologues 9 ,lat9 ,gospels1 #aae f4 ,prop] names1 see ,names4 ,prov5al ,new ,te/am5t1 #aag4 ,psalt]s1 #c1 #fh4 ,pseudepigrapha1 #bf4 ,punctuation 9 manuscripts1 #ch1 #eb4 importance (1 #eb1 #bja1 #bjd1 #bfa1 #bgf1 #big4 ,quat]nio1 #da4 ,quotations1 #cb1 #add ff4 ,quotation1 m>ks (1 #ch4 ,rabbulas ( ,edessa1 #ih1 #ajd4 ,rahlfs1 #ce n41 #fb1 #ahc ff4 ,ranke1 #aac1 #abi4 ,ravianus1 #hf4 ,read+ & writ+1 ,greek t]ms =1 #df4 ,re$ p51 #de4 ,rehdig]1 #aad4 ,rei?may]1 #be4 ,res*1 #bf1 #bhj4 ,resultant ,greek ,te/am5t1 #bb4 ,reuss1 #f1 #aa1 #aei4 ,ri*elieu1 #aa4 ,ridley1 #ajj4 ,riegl]1 #acj4 ,rieu1 #ada4 ,rigg5ba*1 #aij4 ,rob9son1 #gi1 #ajf4 ,roc*i1 #fj4 ,roll1 #cf1 #da1 #dc4 ,rns*1 #aah1 #abc1 #aca1 #adf4 ,rooses1 #aa4 ,ross9i1 #adj4 ,regg1 #bca4 ,add5da4 ,rules ( textual criticism1 #bcd ff4 ,saalfeld1 #aca4 ,sabati]1 #aaa1 #aca4 ,sa*au1 #bhb4 ,sahak1 #ada1 ,sahidic v]sion1 #acd4 ,salmon1 #afj1 #agj1 #bbg4 ,saub]t1 #ad4 ,s*aaf1 #ajd4 ,s*aff1 #f4 ,s*jtt1 #bd1 #afe4 ,s*midt1 #acg4 ,s*mi$el1 #ef n41 #aag4 ,s*olz1 #ai4 ,s*ultze1 #da n41 #ea4 ,s*ulz1 #fe4 ,s*w>tze1 #acd4 ,scriptio cont9ua1 #cg1 #dg1 #cae1 #ccj4 ,script1 v>i\s k9ds (1 #cd f41 #ha ff4 ,scriv5]1 #f1 #h1 #cc1 #eh1 #fe1 #gg1 #hc4 ,sections1 #ef1 #fa n4 ,seidel1 #ff4 ,seml]1 #ah4 ,s]gio1 #fj4 ,simon ( ,cyr5e1 #bjc4 ,simon ,magus1 #bje1 #cbd n4 ,simon1 ,ri*>d1 #ae1 #ie4 ,s9ai ,syriac1 #ig1 #aje4 ,sionita1 #aa4 ,sitt]ly1 #cc4 ,sixtus ,v41 ,pope1 #abg4 ,skeat1 #adj4 ,speculum ,augu/9i1 #aad4 ,/e9dorff1 #acd4 ,/eph51 ,h5ry1 #g4 ,rob]t1 #g1 #abf4 ,/i*ometry1 #cg1 #dh1 #di4 ,/ilus1 #de4 ,/re91 #ach4 ,/unica1 #a4 ,/uttg>t ,new ,te/am5t1 #bc4 ,subjective criticism1 #aeg4 ,subscriptions1 #eg1 #fi1 #gb1 #gh1 #abb1 #ahh1 #ahi1 #bfj1 etc4 ,sulke1 see ,eu?alius4 ,swete1 #bf4 ,syllables1 division (1 #dh4 ,synodos1 #adj4 ,synonyms1 int]*ange (1 #bcf4 ,syriac v]sions1 #ie ff4 ,syro-,lat91 #baf1 #bah1 #bbc4 1 #da1 #ed f4 ,tatian1 #ig1 #aje1 #bab ff4 8 ,diatess>on1 #ih1 #aje1 #bab ff4 ,tattam1 #acd4 1 #ej4 ,taylor1 ,isaac1 #agb n4 ,t]tullian1 #bi1 #aai1 #adf1 #adg1 #bgf4 1 #ec4 ,textual criticism1 lit]ature (1 #f1 #aei4 ,textus brevior1 #bde4 ,textus receptus1 #ac4 ,?addaeus1 #if4 ,!baic dialect1 #acc4 ,!ile1 #ai4 ,!odore ( ,t>sus1 #ge4 ,!odoret1 #ih1 #bac4 ,!odotus1 #bjj f4 ,!odulf1 #abe4 ,?omas ( ,h]aclea1 #ajj4 ,?ompson1 ,e4 ,m41 #cc1 #ei4 ,timo?y & ,aquila1 ,dialogue (1 #ii n4 ,tis*5dorf1 #ai1 #bf1 #ec1 #eh1 #fc4 ,title ( ! ,gospels1 #afd1 #bdg4 ,tittmann1 #ai4 ,to9>d1 #ae4 ,trabaud1 #fe4 ,transcriptional errors1 #bcd ff4 ,transposition ( lett]s & words1 #bcf f4 ,traube1 #agc4 ,tregelles1 #f1 #bj1 #hc1 #ada1 #aei4 ,tremellius1 #aj4 ,tr5t1 ,c\ncil (1 #abg4 ,tuki1 #ace1 #acg4 ,ubaldi1 #fj4 ,ulfilas1 #acg4 ,uncial script1 #cd1 #ha f4 ,uncial manuscripts1 #ec ff4 numb] (1 #ha4 ,vald]1 #g4 ,val5t9ians1 #aih1 #bjc4 ,valla1 ,laur5tius1 #abf4 ,v]cellone1 #fj ff41 #abc4 ,v]se division1 #h4 ,v]sions3 ,syriac1 #ie4 ,lat91 #ajg4 ,egyptian1 #acb4 ,go?ic1 #acg4 ,e?iopic1 #adj4 ,arm5ian1 #ada4 ,georgian1 #adb4 ,arabic1 #adb4 o!r1 #adc4 ,victor ( ,capua1 #abb1 #cjh4 ,v9c5t1 #afj4 ,vogt1 #aci4 ,voll]t1 #cd n41 #ce4 ,voss1 #ach4 ,vulgate1 #be1 #aji1 #abb ff41 #abg1 #acb4 ,walton1 #ab4 ,w>field1 #aei4 ,weiss1 #bb1 #bbi4 ,wells1 #af4 ,we/cott & ,hort1 _! ,n4,t41 #ba4 _! types ( text1 #ba4 _! me?od1 #aga4 ,we/]n text1 #baa1 #bad1 #bba4 ,wett/e91 #ah4 ,weym\?1 #bb4 ,:ite1 ,h4 ,j41 #aca4 ,:ite1 ,joseph1 #ajj4 ,widman/adt1 #ie4 ,wilck51 #cc1 #dc4 ,wilk9s1 #acc4 ,william ( ,hirsau1 #abf4 ,wobb]m91 #ij4 ,woide1 #acd4 ,wolf1 ,j4 ,*r41 #ff f4 ,wlffl91 #aah1 #agc4 ,wordswor? & ,:ite1 #abc1 #aca1 #agd1 #agf4 ,wright1 ,ar?ur1 #bf4 ,writ+1 /yles (1 #cd f41 #ha ff4 ,greek t]ms =1 #df4 ,x5aia1 see ,philox5ian-,syriac4 ,xim5es1 #a4 ,ye>s1 reckon+ (1 #fi n41 #ajj n41 #ada n4 ,zahn1 #afj1 #aif n4 #b1 #bjh ff41 #bah1 #bbd4 ,ziegl]1 #aah1 #abc1 #acj4 ,zimm]1 #gg1 #aah4 ,zoega1 #ace4 ,zohrab1 #ada4 ,zw+li1 #hf4 ,zy*a1 #acj4 ,,index ,,ii4 ,passages ( ! ,new ,te/am5t ref]r$ to4 ,,note4--,passages treat$ 9 ! ,critical ,notes are n ent]$ "h4 ,mat!w4 i4 #b1444444afe i4 #c1444444afe i4 #aa1444444aff i4 #af1444444ii i4 #be1444444aff iii4 #ae1444444aff v4 #c1 #d1444444aff v4 #aj1444444bjd v4 #bb1444444afg vi4 #h1444444aib viii4 #i1444444eb ix4 #ah1444444cg x4 #cc1444444aej xiii4 #ag1444444bjc xvi4 #bc1444444cg xviii4 #bj1444444adc xix4 #ag1444444bci xx4 #bh f41444444#baf ,m>k4 i4 #aa1444444eb viii4 #ch1444444aej ix4 #g1444444eb x4 #dj1444444cg xiii4 #bb1444444bci xvi4 #h1444444fg1 #adb ,luke4 i4 #ce1444444bja i4 #df-ee1444444c i4 #fh-gi1444444c ii4 #g1444444aff iii4 #bg1444444bdb vi4 #d f41444444#fd ix4 #bf1444444aej xi4 #b1444444fd1 #hg xiii4 #g1 #h1444444aic xvi4 #ab1444444baa xvi4 #ai1444444cdb xvii4 #aj1444444bcg xx4 #cj1444444bda xxi4 #cj1444444baa xxii4 #eb1444444bbf xxiii4 #ec1444444fd1 #acf xxiv4 #d1 #e1 #aa1 #ac1444444abj xxiv4 #bf1444444baa xxiv4 #ea-ec1444444bcj1 #bde ,john4 i4 #ad1444444bja i4 #bh1444444bjc ii4 #bj1444444bjc iii4 #f1444444bje v4 #h1444444aih vi4 #dg1444444bde vi4 #ga1444444bdb vii4 #ci1444444bde vii4 #ec1444444adb1 #agg xvi4 #ac1444444abd xix4 #ad1444444cj xix4 #cd1444444bbg ,acts4 i4 #e1444444acf iii4 #ad1444444agj iv4 #f1444444bdc iv4 #ab1444444bcg vi4 #h1444444bde xii4 #aj1444444fd xv4 #ae1444444agj xv4 #bj1 #bi1444444acf1 #bjf1 #bcb xvi4 #aj1444444acf xviii4 #bd1444444bdb xix4 #a1444444bdb xxi4 #be1444444bcb xxiii4 #be f41444444#i xxiv4 #ai f41444444#i ,romans4 v4 #ad1444444bje xv4 #ca-cc1444444agi #a ,cor9?ians4 ii4 #i1444444adh x4 #i1444444aeb xii4 #bh1444444cg xv4 #bi1444444bjd #b ,cor9?ians4 x4 #ae1444444afh n4 ,galatians4 ii4 #aa1444444cg iii4 #a1444444ahf iv4 #c1444444gg ,colossians4 i4 #af1444444bjd ii4 #af1444444afi ii4 #ah1444444afh #a ,!ssalonians4 ii4 #ae1444444baa #a ,timo?y4 ii4 #e1444444eb iii4 #af1444444cg #b ,timo?y4 ii4 #ag1444444gg iv4 #ac1444444cf ,hebrews4 i4 #i1444444eb ,james4 iii4 #a1444444afh v4 #g1444444bde #b ,pet]4 i4 #d1444444bdj ii4 #ae1444444bdc #a ,john4 iv4 #c1444444aeb v4 #g1444444d1 #hf #b ,john4 #ab1444444cf #c ,john4 #ac1444444cf ,apocalypse4 v4 #a1444444dc n4 viii4 #ac1444444aja xvii4 #d1444444d n4 xvii4 #h1444444d n4 xviii4 #ag1444444afh xxii4 #ba1444444aeg 4 ,,pr9t$ ,,by ,,neill ,,& ,,co41 ,,ltd41 ,,ed9burgh4 ,plates ,plate ,i4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,i43 7#a7 ,codex ,s9aiticus4 7#b7 ,a4 ,codex ,alex&r9us4 ,plate ,,ii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ii3 7#a7 ,d4 ,codex ,bezae ,cantabrigi5sis4 7#b7 ,d4 ,codex ,cl>omontanus4 ,plate ,,iii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iii3 d4 ,codex ,bezae ,cantabrigi5sis4 7#b7 d4 ,codex ,cl>omontanus4 ,plate ,,iv4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,iv3 ,b4 ,codex ,vaticanus4 ,plate ,v4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,v3 ,s9iatic ,syriac ,palimpse/4 ,plate ,,vi4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vi3 am4 ,codex ,amiant9us1 circa #gjj ,a4,d4 ,plate ,,vii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,vii3 8,bible ( ,gr&val01 ( ! n9? c5tury4 ,plate ,,viii4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,viii3 ,sahidic ,manuscript1 probably ( ! fif? c5tury1 9 ! ,briti% ,museum4 ,plate ,,ix4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,,ix3 ,arm5ian ,manuscript ( ,ets*miadz91 ,a4,d4 #ihf4 ,plate ,x4 ,illu/ration3 ,,plate ,x3 ,m9uscule ,evv4 #bgd 7,p>4 ,nat4 ,suppl4 ,gr4 #gi7 ( ! t5? c5tury4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,text t 0 9 italics is enclos$ by und]scores 7italics74 ,text 9 bold pr9t is enclos$ by equal signs 7bold74 ,footnotes h be5 mov$ to foll[ ! *apt]s 9 :i* !y are ref]5c$4