,,goe!',s ,,lit]>y ,,essays ,,goe! ,,z ,a ,,critic 8,goe!1 ! greate/ ( mod]n critics1 ! greate/ critic ( all times40--,,sa9te-,,beuve4 8,t great & supreme critic40--,,mat!w ,,arnold4 8,goe!1 ! mo/ widely receptive ( all critics40--,,james ,,russell ,,l[ell4 8,goe!1 ! ma/] ( all mod]n spirits40--,,ta9e4 8,! p]usal ( 8 ,works w\ld %[ t ,criticism is also a sci5ce ( :i* he is ma/]2 t if ev] a man _h /udi$ ,art 9 all its bran*es & be>+s1 f its orig9 9 ! dep?s ( ! creative _s to its m9ute/ f9i% on ! canvas ( ! pa9t]1 on ! lips ( ! poet1 or "u ! f+] ( ! musician1 he 0 t man40--,,c>lyle4 8,he is also a great critic2 yet he always said ! be/ he c\ld ab\t an au?or4 ,good critics are r>] ?an good au?ors40--,,t5nyson4 8,! view ( ,hamlet scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! book ,wilhelm ,mei/] is n s mu* criticism z high poetry4 ,& :at else except a poem c be born :5 a poet intuitively pres5ts anew a "w ( poetry80--,,fri$ri* ,,s*legel4 8,i %all die ungoe!d1 ,i d\bt1 s f> z ,poetry goes2 ,i always believe he 0 ,critic & ,philosoph]40--,,edw>d ,,fitzg]ald4 8,= ! ,goe! ( ,fau/1 ( ! great lyrics1 & ( "s o!r ?+s1 ,i h almo/ unlimit$ admiration2 b = ! critical ,goe! ,i feel v mu* less40--,,george ,,sa9tsbury4 8,goe! is ! supreme h]o ( intellectual humanity40--,,remy ,,de ,,g\rmont4 8,goe!1 z usual1 mu/ be pron\nc$ to h ! la/ ^w ( reason & wisdom1 ! ^w :i* compreh5ds mo/ ( ! tru? ( ! matt]40--,,"l ,,morley4 ,,goe!',s ,,lit]>y ,,essays ,a ,,selection ,,9 ,,engli% ,,arrang$ ,,by ,j4 ,e4 ,,sp+>n ,,) ,a ,,=eword ,,by ,,visc\nt ,,haldane ,illu/ration ,,new ,,york ,,h>c\rt1 ,,brace ,,& ,,company #aiba ,,copyright1 #aiba1 ,,by ,,h>c\rt1 ,,brace ,,& ,,company1 ,,inc4 ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,,by ,,! ,,qu9n ,,bod5 ,,company ,,rahway1 ,n4 ,j4 ,,=eword ,by ,,visc\nt ,,haldane ,( ,goe! ,sa9te-,beuve held t he 0 ! 8k+ ( criticism40 ,sa9te-,beuve 0 among ! mo/ compet5t ( judges on su* a po9t1 & ,mat!w ,arnold has endors$ 8 conclusion4 ,! reason = x is n f> to seek4 ,goe!'s gifts z a critic fell )9 a l>ge :ole ( k :i* 0 8 9 a degree = :i* we mu/ look back ov] two ?\s& ye>s to ,ari/otle if we wi% to f9d a rival4 ,he wrote lyrics t are supreme 9 _! k9d4 ,8 capacity = obs]vation ( nature 01 z ,helmholtz has po9t$ out1 ( ! fir/ ord]4 ,al?\gh he hat$ philosophy1 he _h1 none ! less1 a f9e in/9ct = great metaphysical conceptions4 ,sp9oza & ,kant bo? made appeal to him1 & ! appeal 0 respond$ to f ! dep?s ( 8 nature4 ,! _w has se5 no poem l ,fau/1 ) ! exquisite p]fection ( ! 8,d$ication0 & ! lyrical outbur/s ) :i* ! fir/ "p is /udd$1 set 9 a /ructure :i* signifies a pr(\nd conception ( life z a :ole1 into :i* f>-rea*+ reflection has ent]$4 ,! second "p ( ! drama is z great 9 ?is latt] reg>d z is ! fir/ "p 9 its occasional exhibitions ( ! pure/ lyrical gift4 ,goe!'s "w 0 unev51 z 0 8 life4 ,t is :at we mu/ expect f ! v>iety :i* bo? conta9$4 ,b ?r\gh ea* a great purpose is obvi\sly 9 process ( cont9u\s realization1 a purpose :i* nev] flags1 ( pres5t+ ! _w z a place :]e man may "w out :at is direct$ t[>ds ! highe/ & belongs to :at is above ,"t4 ,x is always ! ef=t t c\nts1 & n any result outside1 conceiv$ ab/ractly & ap>t f ! ef=t4 ,! quality ( ! /ruggle 8to conqu] life & fre$om daily anew0 is :at con/itutes ! victory4 ,we are apt to rema9 ) ,goe!'s poetry & to cont5t ourselves ) ! enjoym5t ( its p]fection4 ,b t is to miss half ! lesson :i* ?is man1 "o ( ! v greate/ sons ! e>? ev] bore1 has to tea* u4 ,x is 8 outlook on life z a :ole :i* we mu/ ma/] if we w\ld le>n = ourselves :at fre$om f :at is n>r[ means ) him4 ,& ?is outlook we f9d at lea/ z mu* 9 8 criticism z 9 8 lyrics4 ,we h to turn to ! ,autobiography1 to ,mei/]1 & to ! ,prose ,say+s1 if we w\ld f9d ! o!r half4 ,beyond ^! books1 too1 !re rema9s mu* else :i* x w\ld occupy ye>s = ! /ud5t to discov] = himself unaid$4 ,t is :y a book su* z t to :i* ^! l9es are writt5 by way ( preface may prove a s\rce ( help & inspiration to ! g5]al read]4 ,,cont5ts ,i4 ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,art ,,page ,on ,g]man ,ar*itecture #c ,introduction to ! ,propyla #ae ,^u ! ,laocoon #bb ,! ,collector & 8 ,fri5ds #cf ,on ,tru? & ,probability 9 ,works ( ,art #ea ,simple ,imitation ( ,nature1 ,mann]1 ,/yle #ei ,anci5t & ,mod]n #fe ,notes on ,dilettantism #ga ,,ii4 ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,lit]ature ,! ,production ( a ,national ,classic #hc ,goe!'s ,!ory ( a ,_w ,lit]ature #hi ,on ,epic & ,dramatic ,poetry #ajj ,supplem5t to ,ari/otle's ,poetics #ajd ,on ! ,g]man ,!atre #aji ,ludwig ,tieck's ,dramaturgic ,fragm5ts #abf ,on ,didactic ,poetry #acj ,sup]/ition & ,poetry #acc ,! ,me?ods ( ,fr5* ,criticism #acd ,on ,criticism #adj ,,iii4 ,,on ,,%akespe>e ,wilhelm ,mei/]'s ,critique ( ,hamlet #ade ,%akespe>e ad ,inf9itum #agd ,! ,fir/ ,edition ( ,hamlet #aij ,troilus & ,cressida #aie ,,iv4 ,,on ,,o!r ,,writ]s ,goe! z a ,"y ,review] #aii ,byron's ,manfr$ #bjb ,byron's ,don ,juan #bje ,cald]on's ,daught] ( ! ,air #bjh ,molire's ,misan?rope #bab ,old ,g]man ,folksongs #bac ,folksongs aga9 ,comm5d$ #bbj ,laur5ce ,/]ne #bbb ,! ,engli% ,review]s #bbd ,g]man ,lit]ature 9 ,goe!'s ,y\? #bbf ,v4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,conv]sations ,,) ,,eck]mann ,! ,univ]sality ( ,poetry1 #bdi2 ,poetry & ,patriotism1 #bea2 ,poetry & ,hi/ory1 #bec2 ,orig9ality1 #bee2 ,p]sonality 9 ,art1 #beh2 ,subject-,matt] ( ,poetry1 #bei2 ,! ,influ5ce ( ,environm5t1 #bfa2 ,culture & ,morals1 #bfc2 ,classic & ,romantic1 #bfc2 ,ta/e1 #bfd2 ,/yle1 #bfe2 ,intellect & ,imag9ation1 #bff2 ,def9ition ( ,poetry1 #bff2 ,def9ition ( ,beauty1 #bff2 ,ar*itecture & ,music1 #bfg2 ,primitive ,poetry1 #bfg2 ,weltlit]atur1 #bfg2 ,fr5* ,critics1 #bfh2 ,! ,con/ruction ( a ,good ,play1 #bfh2 ,dramatic ,unities #bgj2 ,! ,!atre1 #bga2 ,act+1 #bga2 ,dramatic ,situations1 #bgb2 ,managem5t ( ! ,!atre1 #bgb2 ,m5&]1 #bgc2 ,cald]on1 #bgc2 ,molire1 #bgc2 ,%akespe>e1 #bge2 ,a4 ,w4 ,s*legel's ,lectures on ,dramatic ,art & ,lit]ature1 #bgf2 ,! ,fr5* ,romantici/s1 #bgg2 ,victor ,hugo1 #bgi2 ,! 8,idea0 ( ,tasso & ,fau/1 #bhj2 ,s*ill]1 #bhb2 ,ed9burgh ,review1 #bhc2 ,byron1 #bhc2 ,scott1 #bhf4 ,,app5dix ,i4 ,on ! ,selection & ,translation ( ! ,essays 9 ?is ,volume #bia ,,ii4 ,on ! ,*ronology ( ,goe!'s ,critical ,/udies #bie ,,index #cja ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,art ,,on ,,g]man ,,ar*itecture 7#aggc7 ,,von ,,deuts*] ,,baukun/ ,d4 ,m4 ,,erv9i ,a ,,/e9ba* ,z ,i w&]$ ab\t at y\r grave1 noble ,erw91#a 9 ord] to p\r out my v5]ation = y at ! sacr$ spot itself1 ,i look$ = ! /one :i* bore ?is inscription3 8,anno ,dom9i #acah1 ,,xvi4 ,kal4 ,febr4 obiit ,magi/] ,erv9us1 ,gub]nator ,fabricae ,ecclesiae ,arg5t95sis20 & :5 ,i c\ld n f9d x & none ( y\r c\ntrym5 c\ld po9t x out to me1 ,i became sad ( s\l1 & my he>t1 y\ng]1 w>m]1 m t5d] & bett] ?an x is n[1 v[$ a memorial to y1 ( m>ble or s&/one1 z might be 9 my p[]1 :5 ,i came into ! peaceful enjoym5t ( my =tune4 ,b :at ne$ h y = a memorial6 ,y h built ! mo/ spl5did memorial = y\rself2 & al?\gh ! ants :o crawl ar\nd !re d n tr\ble !mselves ab\t y\r "n1 yet y h a de/9y l t ( ! build] :o heap$ up m\nta9s into ! cl\ds4 ,to few has x be5 grant$ to create su* mighty ideas 9 _! m9ds1 complete1 gigantic1 & consi/5tly beautiful d[n to ! la/ detail1 l trees ( ,god2 to few] 0 x giv5 to f9d a ?\s& will+ h&s to "w1 to excavate ! rocky f\ndation1 to conjure up t[]+ /ructures ^u x1 & !n :5 dy+ to say to _! sons1--,i rema9 ) y 9 ! works ( my g5ius2 c>ry on to its completion 9 ! cl\ds :at ,i h begun4 ,:at ne$ h y = memorials6 & f me6 ,:5 ! rabble utt]s sacr$ names1 x is ei!r sup]/ition or blasphemy4 ,^? ( feeble _s & ta/e w always h _! head turn$ be=e y\r mighty "w1 & g5u9e s\ls w come to "k y )\t a guide4 ,!re=e1 honor$ man1 be=e ,i v5ture aga9 my pat*$-up b>k ^u ! ocean1 de/9$ z x is m likely to dea? ?an to fame & =tune1 see1 "h 9 ?is grove :]e bloom ! names ( my loves1 ,i cut y\rs on a bee*-tree :i* lifts its sl5d] trunk high 9 ! air l y\r own t[]1 & ,i hang on x too ?is h&k]*ief fill$ ) gifts1 n unlike t %eet :i* 0 let d[n f ! cl\ds to ! holy apo/le1 full ( clean & unclean bea/s2 = ?is is full ( fl[]s & buds & leaves1 & "s dri$ grass & moss & fungi1 :i* on my walk ?r\gh ^! un9t]e/+ regions ,i coldly ga!r$ z a pa/ime = my botanical collection1--,i d$icate !m to dea? 9 y\r honor4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at a trivial /yle1 says ! ,italian1 & passes by4 ,*ildi%ness1 lisps ! ,fr5*man1 & snaps 8 f+] aga9/ 8 snuff-box la ,grecque4 ,:at h y done t y d>e to despise8 ,b y1 ,o ,italian1 y h let ! g5ius ( ! anci5ts1 aris+ f its grave1 fett] & b9d y\r own4 ,y crept to beg = arti/ic k f ! spl5did relics ( ! old5 "t1 y pat*$ toge!r palaces f ^! sacr$ ru9s1 & consid] y\rself ! gu>dian ( ! secrets ( art1 because y c give acc\nt ( ! measurem5ts by in* & l9e ( enorm\s build+s4 ,_h y felt m ?an y measur$1 _h ! _s ( ! gigantic /ructures at :i* y gaz$ come to y1 y w\ld n h imitat$ m]ely because !y did x ?us & x is beautiful4 ,b y w\ld h creat$ y\r own designs1 & !re w\ld h fl[$ out ( !m liv+ beauty to in/ruct y4 ,?us ^u y\r %ortcom+s y h pla/]$ a :itewa%+1 a m]e appe>ance ( tru? & beauty4 ,! spl5did effect ( pill>s /ruck y1 y wi%$ to use !m 9 y\r build+ & h great r[s ( columns too2 s y encircl$ ,/4 ,pet]'s ) m>ble passageways1 :i* lead n[h]e 9 p>ticul>1 s t "m ,nature1 :o despises & hates ! inappropriate & ! unnecess>y1 drove y\r rabble to pro/itute t spl5dor = public 8cloaca10 ) ! result t y turn away y\r eyes & hold y\r nose be=e ! wond] ( ! _w4 ,ev]y?+ goes ! same way3 ! :im ( ! arti/ s]ves ! caprice ( ! ri* man2 ! writ] ( travels /&s agape1 & our beaux esprits1 call$ philosoph]s1 wre/ out ( =mless my?s facts & pr9ciples ( art to be appli$ to ! pres5t day2 & _! evil g5ius murd]s s9c]e m5 at ! ?re%old ( ^! my/]ies4 ,m h>mful to ! g5ius ?an examples are rules4 ,be=e 8 "t individual m5 may h work$ up individual p>ts & aspects4 ,he is ! fir/ f ^: m9d come ! p>ts gr[n toge!r into "o ev]-liv+ :ole4 ,b a s*ool or a rule fett]s all ! p[] ( 8 insight & 8 activity4 ,:at is x to u1 y mod]n ,fr5* philosophical critic1 t ! fir/ inv5tor1 respond+ to necessity1 /uck f\r trunks 9 ! gr\nd1 b\nd on !m f\r poles & cov]$ x all ) bran*es & moss8 ,to det]m9e f ?is :at is appropriate = our pres5t ne$s is l dem&+ t y\r new ,babylon be rul$ by ! old despotic patri>*al fa!r-"r4 ,& 9 addition x is n true t ?is h\se ( y\rs is ! mo/ primitive =m 9 ! _w4 ,t ) two poles 9 front cross$ at ! end1 two 9 back & "o ly+ /raight betwe5 !m = a ridge-pole is1 z we c notice e day 9 ! huts 9 ! fields & v9ey>ds1 a f> m primitive inv5tion1 f :i* y c\ld h>dly ab/ract a pr9ciple = y\r pig-p54 ,?us none ( y\r conclusions are able to rise into ! region ( tru?1 b all hang 9 ! l[] atmosph]e ( y\r sy/em4 ,y wi% to tea* u :at we ought to use1 s9ce :at we d use1 accord+ to y\r pr9ciples _c be ju/ifi$4 ,! column is v de> to y1 & 9 ano!r clime y w\ld be prophet4 ,y say3 ,! column is ! fir/ ess5tial +r$i5t ( a build+1 & ! mo/ beautiful4 ,:at noble elegance ( =m1 :at pure gr&eur1 :5 !y are plac$ 9 a r[6 ,only gu>d aga9/ us+ !m inappropriately2 x is _! nature to be free & deta*$4 ,alas = ! un=tunates :o try to jo9 ! sl5d] %ape ( !m to heavy walls6 ,yet x seems to me1 de> abb1 t ! frequ5t repetition ( ?is impropriety ( build+ columns into walls1 s t ! mod]ns h ev5 /uff$ ! int]-columnia ( anci5t temples ) masonry1 might h ar\s$ 9 y\r m9d "s reflections4 ,if y\r e>s 7 n deaf to ! tru?1 ^! /ones w\ld h prea*$ a s]mon to y4 ,columns are 9 no way an +r$i5t 9 our dwell+s2 !y contradict r ! /yle ( all our build+s4 ,our h\ses h n _! orig9 9 f\r columns plac$ 9 f\r corn]s4 ,!y are built out ( f\r walls on f\r sides1 :i* take ! place ( columns1 inde$ exclude all columns1 & :]e ^! are us$ to pat* up1 !y are an encumbrance & a sup]fluity4 ,?is is true ( our palaces & *ur*es1 ) ! exception ( a few cases1 :i* ,i d n ne$ to m5tion4 ,?us y\r build+s exhibit m]e surface1 :i*1 ! broad] x is ext5d$1--! high] x is rais$ to ! sky1--! m un5durable mu/ become ! monotony :i* oppresses ! s\l4 ,b ,g5ius came to our aid1 & said to ,erw9 von ,/e9ba*3 ,div]sify ! huge wall1 :i* y are to raise heav5w>d1 s t x may so> l a l(ty1 f>-spread+ tree ( ,god1 :i* ) a ?\s& bran*es1 millions ( twigs1 & leaves l ! s& ( ! sea1 proclaims ev]y:]e ! glory ( ,god1 its ,ma/]4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:5 ,i w5t = ! fir/ "t to ! ,m9/]1 my head 0 full ( ! common cant ( 8good ta/e40 ,f he>say1 ,i 0 an admir] ( ! h>mony ( mass1 ! purity ( =m1 & 0 a sworn enemy to ! confus$ arbitr>9ess ( ,go?ic adornm5t4 ,"u ! t]m1 8,go?ic10 l ! article 9 a diction>y1 ,i pil$ all ! misconceptions :i* _h ev] come into my head1 ( ! indef9ite1 ! unregulat$1 ! unnatural1 ! pat*$-up1 ! /rung-toge!r1 ! sup]flu\s1 9 art4 ,no wis] ?an a p :i* calls ! :ole =eign _w1 8b>b>\s10 ev]y?+ 0 ,go?ic to me t did n fit into my sy/em1 f ! turn$ wood5 dolls & pictures ( gay colors1 ) :i* ! b\rgeois nobility decorate _! h\ses1 to ! dignifi$ relics ( ! old] ,g]man ar*itecture1 my op9ion ( :i*1 because ( "s biz>re scrollwork1 _h be5 t ( ev]ybody1--8,q buri$ 9 ornam5tation602 consequ5tly ,i _h an av]sion to see+ x1 su* z ,i w\ld h be=e a mal=m$ bri/l+ mon/]4 ,) :at unexpect$ emotions did ! sight surprise me :5 ,i actually saw x6 ,an impression ( gr&eur & unity fill$ my s\l1 :i*1 because x consi/$ ( a ?\s& h>moniz+ details1 ,i c\ld ta/e & enjoy1 b by no means und]/& & expla94 ,!y say x is ?us ) ! rapture ( heav54 ,h[ (t5 ,i return$ to enjoy ?is heav5ly-e>?ly rapture1 to embrace ! /up5d\s g5ius ( our old] bro!rs 9 _! works4 ,h[ (t5 ,i return$ to view f e side1 at e di/ance1 9 e light ( ! day1 its dignity & spl5dor4 ,h>d x is = ! m9d ( man :5 8 bro!r's "w is s elevat$ t he c only b[ d[n & pray4 ,h[ (t5 has ! ev5+ twilight refre%$ ) its fri5dly calm my eyes we>i$ by too mu* gaz+2 x made c\ntless details melt toge!r into a complete :ole & mass1 & n[1 simple & gr&1 x /ood be=e my eyes1 &1 full ( rapture1 my p[] unfold$ itself bo? to enjoy & to und]/& x at once4 ,!re 0 reveal$ to me 9 s(t intimations ! g5ius ( ! great build]4 8,:y are y a/oni%$80 ,he :isp]$ to me4 8,all ^! masses 7 necess>y1 & d y n see !m 9 all ! old] *ur*es ( my city8 ,only ,i h giv5 h>moni\s proportion to _! arbitr>y va/nesses4 ,see h[1 ov] ! pr9cipal entrance :i* comm&s two small] ones on ei!r side1 ! wide circle ( ! w9d[ op5s :i* corresponds to ! nave ( ! *ur* & 0 =m]ly m]ely a hole to let ! light 92 see h[ ! bell-t[] dem&s ! small] w9d[s6 ,all ?is 0 necess>y1 & ,i design$ x ) beauty4 ,b :at ( ^! d>k & l(ty ap]tures "h at ! side :i* seem to /& s empty & mean+less8 ,9 _! bold sl5d] =ms ,i h hidd5 ! my/]i\s /r5g? :i* 0 to raise bo? ( ^? t[]s high 9 ! air1 ( :i* alas only "o /&s !re sadly1 )\t ! cr[n ( five t[]s :i* ,i _h plann$ = x1 s t to x & its royal bro!r ! c\ntry ab\t w\ld d homage40 ,& s he p>t$ f me1 & ,i fell into a sympa!tic mood ( melan*oly1 until ! birds ( morn+1 :i* dwelt 9 its ?\s& orifices1 greet$ ! sun joy\sly & wak$ me out ( my slumb]4 ,h[ fre%ly x %one 9 ! morn+ rays1 h[ joyfully ,i /ret*$ my arms t[>ds x1 survey+ its va/ h>moni\s masses1 animat$ by c\ntless delicate details ( /ructure6 z 9 ! works ( et]nal ,nature1 e =m1 d[n to ! smalle/ fibril1 alive1 & ev]y?+ contribut+ to ! purpose ( ! :ole6 ,h[ lightly ! mon/r\s1 solidly gr\nd$ build+ so>$ into ! air6 h[ free & delicate ev]y?+ ab\t x1 & yet solid = et]nity6 ,to y\r tea*+1 noble g5ius1 ,i owe ?anks t ,i did n fa9t & s9k be=e y\r heights & dep?s1 b t into my s\l fl[$ a drop ( t calm rapture ( ! mighty s\l :i* c\ld look on ?is creation1 & l ,god say1--8,x is good60 99 99 99 99 99 ,& n[ ,i ought n to be angry1 rev]$ ,erw91 :5 ! ,g]man critic & s*ol>1 tak+ ! cue f envi\s neighbors1 & misjudg+ ! sup]iority ( y\r "w1 belittles x by ! little und]/ood t]m1 8,go?ic02 s9ce he ought r to give ?anks t he c proclaim l\dly t ?is is ,g]man ar*itecture1--our ar*itecture1--:]eas ! ,italians _c boa/ ( any di/9ctively native /yle1 mu* less ! ,fr5*4 ,& if y are n will+ to admit to y\rself ?is sup]iority1 at lea/ %[ u !n t ! ,go?s h already built 9 ?is /yle1--9 :i* ef=t y may enc\nt] "s difficulties4 ,& f9ally1 if y _c demon/rate t !re 0 a ,hom] already be=e ,hom]1 !n we w gladly all[ ! /ory ( small attempts1 successful & unsuccessful1 & come rev]5tly back to ! "w ( ! ma/] :o fir/ drew ! scatt]$ elem5ts toge!r into "o liv+ :ole4 ,& y1 my de> bro!r 9 ! _s1 9 y\r se>* = tru? & beauty1 close y\r e>s to ! l\d talk ab\t ! pla/ic arts1--come1 enjoy1 survey4 ,bew>e ( desecrat+ ! "n ( y\r noble/ arti/1 & ha/5 "h t y may enjoy & see 8 glori\s "w4 ,if x makes an unfavorable impression or none1 !n f>ewell1 hit* up1 & take ! road /raight = ,p>is4 ,b y ,i w\ld accompany1 de> y\?1 :o /& !re1 y\r s\l mov$1 & yet unable to h>monize ! contradictions :i* conflict 9 y\r m9d1 n[ feel+ ! irresi/ible p[] ( ! great :ole1 n[ call+ me a dream] = see+ beauty :]e y see only viol5ce & r\ghness4 ,d n let a misund]/&+ "p u1 d n let ! feeble tea*+ ( ! mod]n /&>ds ( beauty spoil y = vigor\s ?\gh r\gh /r5g?1 s t f9ally y\r sickly s5sibility is able to endure only mean+less insipidities4 ,!y w\ld h y believe t ! f9e arts orig9at$ 9 ! t5d5cy :i* !y impute to u to beautify ! ?+s ab\t u4 ,t is n true6 ,= 9 ! s5se 9 :i* x c\ld be true1 x is ! b\rgeois & ! artisans :o use ! words & n ! philosoph]4 ,art has a long p]iod ( gr[? be=e x is beautiful1 c]ta9ly s9c]e & great art has1 & x is (t5 s9c]] & great] !n ?an :5 x becomes beautiful4 ,= 9 man !re is a creative disposition1 :i* comes into activity z soon z 8 exi/5ce is assur$4 ,z soon z he has no?+ to worry ab\t or to fe>1 ?is semi-div9ity 9 him1 work+ effectively 9 8 spiritual peace & assurance1 grasps mat]ials into :i* to brea! its own _s4 ,?us ! savage depicts1 ) /range l9es & =ms1 gha/ly figures1 lurid colors1 8 weapons & 8 body4 ,& ev5 if ^! pictures consi/ ( ! mo/ arbitr>y & incongru\s =ms & l9es1 !y w1 )\t any int5d$ proportion or balance1 yet h a sort ( h>mony2 = a unity ( feel+ creat$ out ( !m a *>act]i/ic :ole4 ,n[ ?is *>act]i/ic art is ! only g5u9e art4 ,if only x comes fre% f ! inn] s\l1 express+ ! orig9al1 unique s5sibilities1 untr\bl$1 inde$ unconsci\s ( any ext]nal elem5t1 x may spr+ f r\gh savag]y or f cultivat$ s5sitiv5ess1 yet x w always be complete & alive4 ,?is y c see among nations & individual m5 9 c\ntless degrees4 ,! m ! s\l rises to ! feel+ = relations1 :i* alone are beautiful & f et]nity1 ^: ma/]-*ords "o c demon/rate1 ^: my/]ies "o c only feel1 9 :i* alone ! life ( ! div9e g5ius seeks expression 9 enraptur$ melodies2 ! m ?is beauty p]vades ! s\l ( a g5ius s t x seems to h orig9at$ ) him1 s t no?+ else satisfies him1 s t he c br+ no?+ else out ( himself1 ! m =tunate is ! arti/1 ! m spl5did is he1 & ! m rev]5tly d we /& !re & wor%ip ,god's ano9t$4 ,f ! level to :i* ,erw9 has m\nt$ no "o w drag him d[n4 ,"h /&s 8 "w2 gaze at x & appreciate ! deepe/ feel+s = tru? & beauty & proportion1 work+ out ( a /rong1 /urdy1 r\gh ,g]man s\l1 out ( ! n>r[1 somb]1 prie/-haunt$ 8m$ium aevum40 ,& our own 8aevum08 ,x has neglect$ its g5ius1 driv5 =? its sons to collect /range excresc5ces = _! corruption4 ,! agile ,fr5*man1 :o 9 unscrupul\s fa%ion collects :]e he w1 has at lea/ an +5uity 9 work+ toge!r 8 booty into a sort ( unity2 he builds 8 wond]ful *ur* ( ! ,magdal5e out ( ,greek columns & ,g]man ar*es & vaults4 ,f "o ( our ar*itects1 :o 0 reque/$ to design a portal = an old ,g]man *ur*1 ,i h se5 a model ( p]fect1 /ately antique column-"w4 ,h[ hateful our v>ni%$ doll-pa9t]s are to me ,i _c express4 ,by _! !atrical positions1 _! false t9ts1 & gaily-color$ co/umes1 !y h captur$ ! eyes ( wom54 ,b1 manly ,albre*t ,dr]1 :om ^! novices laugh at1 y\r woodcut figures are m welcome to me4 ,& y y\rselves1 excell5t m51 to :om x 0 giv5 to enjoy ! highe/ beauty1 & n[ come d[n to ann\nce y\r bliss1 y d prejudice to g5ius4 ,x w so> & progress on no ali5 w+s1 ev5 ?\gh !y 7 ! w+s ( ! morn+4 ,its own orig9al p[]s are ^? :i* unfold 9 ! dreams ( *ildhood1 :i* gr[ dur+ ! life ( y\?1 until /rong & supple l ! m\nta9-lion he />ts out aft] 8 prey4 ,nature does mo/ 9 tra9+ ^! p[]s1 = y p$agogues c nev] c\nt]feit ! multif>i\s sc5e :i* %e provides = a y\? to draw f & enjoy 9 ! measure ( 8 pres5t /r5g?4 ,welcome1 to y1 "y man1 :o h be5 born ) a ke5 eye = =m & proportion1 ) ! facility to practise 9 all =ms4 ,if !n !re awakes gradually 9 y ! joy ( life1 & y come to feel ! rapture :i* m5 "k aft] "w1 fe> & hope1--! spirit$ cries ( ! labor] 9 ! v9ey>d :5 ! b\nty ( ! h>ve/ swells 8 vats1 ! lively dance ( ! reap] :5 he has hung 8 idle sickle high on ! beam1--:5 all ! p[]ful n]ves ( desire & suff]+ live aga9 m manfully 9 y\r bru%1 & y h /riv5 & suff]$ en\gh & h enjoy$ en\gh1 & are fill$ ) e>?ly beauty1 & wor?y to re/ 9 ! arms ( ! goddess1 wor?y to feel on h] bosom :at gave new bir? to ! deifi$ ,h]cules--!n receive him1 heav5ly beauty1 ?\ m$iator betwe5 gods & m51 & let him1 m ?an ,prome!us1 c>ry d[n ! rapture ( ! gods to ! e>?4#b ,,footnotes3 #a ,erw9 von ,/e9ba*1 "o ( ! ar*itects ( ! ,/rassburg ,ca!dral4 #b 8,:at ,i _h ?\ght & imag9$ ) respect to t /yle ( ar*itecture1 ,i wrote 9 a connect$ =m4 ,! fir/ po9t on :i* ,i insi/$ 0 t x %\ld be call$ ,g]man1 & n ,go?ic2 t x %\ld be consid]$ n =eign1 b native4 ,! second po9t 0 t x c\ld n be comp>$ ) ! ar*itecture ( ! ,greeks & ,romans1 because x sprang f q ano!r pr9ciple4 ,if ^!1 liv+ "u a m favorable sky1 all[$ _! ro( to re/ ^u columns1 a wall1 brok5 ?r\gh1 arose ( its own accord4 ,we1 h[ev]1 :o mu/ always protect ourselves aga9/ ! wea!r1 & ev]y:]e surr\nd ourselves ) walls1 h to rev]e ! g5ius :o discov]$ ! means ( end[+ massive walls ) v>iety1 ( app>5tly break+ !m ?r\gh1 & ( ?us occupy+ ! eye 9 a wor?y & pleas+ mann] on a broad surface4444 ,if ,i _h be5 pleas$ to write d[n ^! views 7! value ( :i* ,i w n d5y7 cle>ly & di/9ctly1 9 an intelligible /yle1 ! pap] ,on ,g]man ,ar*itecture w\ld !n1 :5 ,i publi%$ x1 h produc$ m effect1 & w\ld soon] h drawn ! att5tion ( ! native fri5ds ( art4 ,b1 misl$ by ! example ( ,h]d] & ,hamann1 ,i obscur$ ^! v simple ?\ghts & obs]vations by a du/y cl\d ( words & phrases1 &1 bo? = myself & o!rs1 d>k5$ ! light :i* _h aris5 )9 me4 ,h[ev]1 ! pap] 0 well receiv$1 & repr9t$ 9 ,h]d]'s "w on ,g]man ,mann] & ,art40--,goe!1 ,autobiography 7#ahab74 ,! 8de> abb0 to :om ,goe! is reply+ 9 ?is essay is ! ,abb ,laugi]1 au?or ( ! ,essai sur l',ar*itecture 7#agec74 ,,introduction ,,to ,,! ,,propyl,a 7#agih7 ,!re is no m /rik+ sign ( ! decay ( art ?an :5 we f9d its sep>ate prov9ces mix$ up toge!r4 ,! arts !mselves1 z well z _! subord9ate =ms1 are closely relat$ to ea* o!r1 & h a c]ta9 t5d5cy to unite1 & ev5 lose !mselves 9 ea* o!r2 b h]e9 lies ! duty1 ! m]it1 ! dignity ( ! true arti/1 t he kn[s h[ to sep>ate t dep>tm5t 9 :i* he labors f ! o!rs1 &1 s f> z may be1 isolates x4 ,x has be5 notic$ t all pla/ic art t5ds t[>ds pa9t+1 all poetry to ! drama2 & ?is may furni% ! text = "s important obs]vations h]eaft]4 ,! g5u9e1 law-giv+ arti/ /rives aft] arti/ic tru?2 ! lawless1 foll[+ a bl9d in/9ct1 aft] an appe>ance ( naturalness4 ,! =m] leads to ! highe/ p9nacle ( art1 ! latt] to its l[e/ /ep4 ,?is is no less true ( ! sep>ate arts ?an ( art 9 g5]al4 ,! sculptor mu/ ?9k & feel diff]5tly f ! pa9t]1 & mu/ g to "w diff]5tly to execute a "w 9 relief f :at he w\ld d ) a r\nd & complete piece ( /atu>y4 ,:5 ! "w 9 l[ relief came to be br\ght out m & m1 & by degrees p>ts & figures 7 br\ght out f ! gr\nd1 at la/ build+s & l&scapes admitt$1 & ?us a "w produc$1 half picture half puppet-%[1 true art 0 on ! decl9e2 & x is to be deplor$ t excell5t arti/s h 9 m rec5t times tak5 ?is direction4 ,:5ev] we enunciate h]eaft] su* maxims z we e/eem true1 we %all feel a real desire1 s9ce ^! maxims are drawn f works ( art1 to h !m practically te/$ by arti/s4 ,h[ seldom does "o man agree ) ano!r conc]n+ a !oretic pr9ciple2 ! practical & imm$iately useful is f> m quickly adopt$4 ,h[ (t5 d we see arti/s at a loss 9 ! *oice ( a subject1 9 ! g5]al composition1 accord+ to _! rules ( art1 9 ! arrangem5t ( details2 ! pa9t] d\btful ab\t ! *oice ( 8 colors6 ,!n is ! "t to make trial ( a pr9ciple2 !n w x be easi] to decide ! "q1--,d we by its aid come ne>] to ! great models1 & all t we love & prize1 or does x =sake u 9 ! empirical confusion ( an exp]im5t n ?or\ghly ?\ght out8 ,if su* maxims %\ld prove useful 9 =w>d+ ! culture ( arti/s1 9 guid+ !m among difficulties1 !y w also aid ! und]/&+1 true e/imation1 & criticism ( anci5t & mod]n works1 &1 vice v]sa1 w aga9 be discov]$ 9 ! exam9ation ( ^! works4 ,?is is all ! m necess>y1 s9ce1 9 spite ( ! univ]sally ackn[l$g$ excell5ce ( ! antique1 individuals z well z :ole nations h 9 mod]n times (t5 misconceiv$ ^? v ?+s :]e9 ! highe/ excell5ce ( ^? works lies4 ,an exact scrut9y ( ^! w be ! be/ means ( secur+ u aga9/ ?is evil4 ,let u n[ take1 z an example1 ! usual c\rse ( proce$+ ( ! amateur 9 pla/ic art1 9 ord] to make x evid5t h[ necess>y a ?or\gh criticism ( anci5t z well z mod]n works is1 if we w\ld pr(it by x4 ,no p]son ( a f9e natural p]ception1 h[ev] uncultivat$1 c see ev5 an imp]fect1 incorrect ca/ ( a f9e anci5t "w )\t be+ greatly impress$ by x2 = su* a repres5tation /ill gives ! idea1 ! simplicity & greatness ( ! =m1 9 a ^w1 ! g5]al notion at lea/1 su* z a man ( imp]fect sight w\ld see at a di/ance4 ,we may (t5 obs]ve h[ a /rong incl9ation t[>ds art is awak5$ ?r\gh su* an imp]fect reproduction4 ,b ! effect is analog\s to ! object t caus$ x1 & su* beg9n]s 9 art are r impress$ ) a bl9d & indef9ite feel+ ?an ) ! true wor? & significance ( ! object itself4 ,x is su* z ^! :o are ! au?ors ( ! !ory t a too curi\s critical exam9ation de/roys our pleasure1 & :o decry & resi/ ! inve/igation ( details4 ,b :5 by degrees _! exp]i5ce & k become wid]1 & a %>p] ca/ 9 place ( ! imp]fect "o1 or an orig9al in/ead ( a ca/ comes "u _! obs]vation1 _! satisfaction increases ) _! insight1 & cont9ually advances :5 at la/ ! orig9als !mselves1 ! p]fect orig9als1 become kn[n to !m4 ,we are n det]r$ by ! labyr9? ( ?or\gh exam9ation1 :5 ! details are ( equal p]fection ) ! :ole "w4 ,nay1 we le>n t we are able to appreciate ! p]fect1 j s f> z we are 9 a condition to disc]n ! defective3 to di/+ui% ! re/or$ f ! orig9al p>ts1 ! copy f ! model1 to contemplate 9 ! smalle/ fragm5ts ! scatt]$ excell5ce ( ! :ole1 is a satisfaction t belongs only to ! p]fect connoisseur2 & !re is a wide diff]5ce betwe5 ! contemplation ( an imp]fect :ole ) grop+ s5se1 & ! see+ & seiz+1 ) cle> eye1 ( a p]fect "o4 ,he :o devotes himself to any dep>tm5t ( k %\ld aim at ! highe/4 ,insight & ,practice foll[ widely diff]5t pa?s1 = 9 ! practical ea* "o soon becomes aw>e t only a c]ta9 measure ( p[] is met$ to him4 ,b a f> great] numb] ( m5 are capable ( k1 ( insight2 we may ev5 say t e man is s :o c d5y himself1 subord9ate himself to objects1 & does n /rive ) a rigid & n>r[ individuality to br+ 9 himself & 8 poor "o-sid$ness amid ! highe/ works ( nature & art4 ,to speak suitably1 & ) real advantage to "o's self & o!rs1 ( works ( art1 c prop]ly be done only 9 _! pres5ce4 ,all dep5ds on ! sight ( ! object4 ,on ?is x dep5ds :e!r ! ^w by :i* we hope to elucidate ! "w has produc$ ! cle>e/ impression or none at all4 ,h5ce x s (t5 happ5s t ! au?or :o writes conc]n+ works ( art deals only 9 g5]alities1 :]eby inde$ ! m9d & imag9ation are awak5$2 b ( all 8 read]s1 he only w d]ive satisfaction :o1 book 9 h&1 exam9es ! "w itself4 ,on ?is acc\nt1 !re=e1 we may 9 our essays (t5 excite r ?an gratify ! desire ( our read]s2 = !re is no?+ m natural ?an t !y %\ld wi% to h be=e _! eyes any excell5t "w ( :i* !y read a m9ute criticism1 to enjoy t :ole :i* is 9 "q1 & to subject to _! own judgm5ts ! op9ions !y he> conc]n+ ! p>ts4 ,b :il/ x is ! expectation ( ! au?ors to labor 9 behalf ( ^? :o are already acqua9t$ ) "s works & w see o!rs h]eaft]1 we %all try to d :at is possible = ^? :o h nei!r ! prospect nor ! retrospect4 ,we %all make m5tion ( copies1 po9t out :]e ca/s f ! antique or anci5t works !mselves1 especially :5 ^! are )9 easy rea*1 may be f\nd1 & ?us =w>d1 z f> z 9 u lies1 a true love & k ( art4 ,! hi/ory ( art c be bas$ only on ! highe/ & mo/ complete conception ( art2 only ?r\gh an acqua9tance ) ! mo/ p]fect t man has ev] be5 enabl$ to produce c ! *ronological & psy*ological progress ( mank9d 9 art1 z 9 o!r dep>tm5ts1 be display$4 ,at fir/ a limit$ activity occupi$ itself 9 a dry & dismal imitation ( ! insignificant z well z ! significant1 !n a m delicate & agreeable feel+ ( ,nature 0 develop$4 ,aft]w>ds1 accompani$ by k1 regul>ity1 /r5g? & e>ne/ness1 aid$ by favorable circum/ances1 art rose to ! highe/ po9t1 until at la/ x became possible = ! =tunate g5ius :o f\nd himself surr\nd$ by all ^! auxili>ies to produce ! en*ant+1 ! p]fect4 ,un=tunately1 works ( art1 :i* give !mselves =? ) su* facility1 :i* make m5 feel !mselves s agreeably1 :i* inspire man ) cle>ness & fre$om1 sugge/ to ! arti/ :o w\ld emulate !m ! notion ( facility 9 _! production4 ,! la/ a*ievem5t ( ,art & ,g5ius be+ an appe>ance ( ease & lightness1 ! imitator is tempt$ to make x easy = himself1 & to labor at ?is appe>ance4 ,?us1 by degrees1 art decl9es f its high e/ate1 9 ! :ole z well z 9 details4 ,b if we w\ld =m to ourselves a true conception ( art1 we mu/ desc5d to details ( details1 an occupation by no means always agreeable & allur+1 b = :i* gradually our eye's ready ma/]y ( ! :ole w ri*ly indemnify u4 ,if we "w out c]ta9 g5]al pr9ciples ?r\gh ! exam9ation ( anci5t & m$ival works ( art1 we %all f9d !m p>ticul>ly ne$ful 9 our judgm5t ( contempor>y productions2 = 9 =m+ an e/imate ( liv+ or lately deceas$ arti/s1 p]sonal consid]ations1 reg>d or dislike = individuals1 popul> attraction or repulsion1 are s easily mix$ up1 t we are /ill m 9 ne$ ( pr9ciples 9 ord] to express a judgm5t ( our contempor>ies4 ,! exam9ation c be und]tak5 9 two ways4 ,arbitr>y influ5ce is dim9i%$1 & ! case is br\ght into a high] c\rt4 ,an opportunity is af=d$ = prov+ ! pr9ciples !mselves z well z _! application2 & ev5 :]e we _c agree1 ! po9t 9 dispute is cle>ly & c]ta9ly asc]ta9$4 ,we especially desire t liv+ arti/s1 ab\t ^: works we may p]haps h some?+ to say1 %\ld make trial ( our judgm5ts 9 ?is way4 ,= e "o :o des]ves ?is "n is 9 our "t call$ ^u to =m1 out ( 8 own exp]i5ce & reflection1 if n a !ory1 at lea/ a c]ta9 set ( receipts1 by ! use ( :i* he f9ds himself aid$ 9 v>i\s cases4 ,b x mu/ h be5 frequ5tly rem>k$ h[ apt a man is1 by proce$+ 9 ?is way1 to advance z pr9ciples c]ta9 maxims :i* are comm5surate ) 8 tal5ts1 8 incl9ations1 8 conv5i5ce4 ,he is subject to ! common lot ( mank9d4 ,h[ _m 9 o!r dep>tm5ts foll[ ! same c\rse4 ,b we d n add to our culture :5 we simply set 9 motion )\t tr\ble or difficulty :at already exi/$ 9 u4 ,e arti/1 l e man1 is only an individual be+1 & w always abide by "o side2 & !re=e a man %\ld take 9 to himself z f> z possible t :i* is !oretically & practically oppos$ to him4 ,! lively %\ld look ab\t = /r5g? & e>ne/ness1 ! sev]e %\ld keep 9 view ! light & agreeable1 ! /rong %\ld look = lovel9ess1 ! delicate = /r5g?1 & ea* w ?us be/ cultivate 8 peculi> nature1 :ile he seems to be go+ mo/ out ( himself4 ,ea* art dem&s ! :ole man1 ! highe/ /ep ( art all humanity4 ,! practice ( ! imitative arts is me*anical1 & ! cultivation ( ! arti/ beg9s naturally 9 8 e>lie/ ye>s ) ! me*anical4 ,! re/ ( 8 education is (t5 slight$1 :]eas x %\ld be f> m c>efully att5d$ to ?an t ( o!rs :o h ! opportunity ( le>n+ f life itself4 ,society soon civilizes ! unpoli%$2 a life ( bus9ess makes ! mo/ op5 circumspect4 ,lit]>y labors1 :i* by means ( ! press come be=e ! great public1 f9d resi/ance & correction on all sides4 ,b ! arti/ is = ! mo/ "p conf9$ to a n>r[ /udio1 & has few deal+s save ) ^? :o pay = 8 works1 ) a public t is (t5 guid$ only by a c]ta9 sickly feel+1 ) connoisseurs :o worry him1 ) auctione]s :o receive any?+ new ) =mulas ( praise & e/imation t w\ld n be too high = ! mo/ p]fect4 ,,^u ,,! ,,laocoon 7#agih7 ,a true "w ( art1 l a true "w ( nature1 nev] ceases to op5 b\ndlessly be=e ! m9d4 ,we exam9e1--we are impress$ ) x1--x produces its effect2 b x c nev] be all compreh5d$1 /ill less c its ess5ce1 its value1 be express$ 9 words4 ,9 ! pres5t rem>ks conc]n+ ! ,laocoon1 our object is by no means to say all t c be said on ! subject2 we %all make ?is admirable "w r ! occasion ?an ! subject ( :at we h to say4 ,may x soon be plac$ once m 9 a situation :]e all lov]s ( art may be able to enjoy & speak ( x1 ea* 9 8 own way4 ,we c h>dly speak adequately ( a high "w ( art )\t also speak+ ( art 9 g5]al2 s9ce all art is compreh5d$ 9 x1 & ea* "o is able1 accord+ to 8 p[]s1 to develop ! univ]sal out ( su* a special case4 ,we %all !re=e beg9 ) "s rem>ks ( a g5]al nature4 ,all high works ( art are expressions ( humanity4 ,pla/ic art relates p>ticul>ly to ! human =m2 x is ( ?is we are n[ speak+4 ,art has _m /eps1 9 all ( :i* !re h be5 admirable arti/s2 b a p]fect "w ( art embraces all ! qualities t are else:]e enc\nt]$ only sep>ately4 ,! highe/ works ( art t we "k exhibit to u-- ,liv+1 highly organiz$ natures4 ,we look1 9 ! fir/ place1 = a k ( ! human body1 9 its p>ts & proportions1 inw>d & outw>d adaptation1 its =ms & motions g5]ally4 ,"*4 ,k ( ! v>ieties 9 =m & action ( _! p>ts2 peculi>ities are discrim9at$1 & sep>ately set =?4 ,out ( ?is results "*1 ?r\gh :i* an important relation may be e/abli%$ among sep>ate works2 &1 9 l mann]1 :5 a "w is put toge!r1 its p>ts may hold an analog\s relation to ea* o!r4 ,! subject may be-- ,at re/1 or 9 motion4 ,a "w1 or its p>ts1 may ei!r be self-c5tr$1 simply %[+ its "* 9 a /ate ( re/1 or x may be exhibit$ 9 movem5t1 activity1 or fullness ( passionate expression4 ,ideal4 ,to ! atta9m5t ( ?is1 ! arti/ ne$s a deep1 well-gr\nd$1 /eadfa/ m9d1 :i* mu/ be accompani$ by a high] s5se19 ord] to compreh5d ! subject 9 all its be>+s1 to f9d ! mom5t ( expression1 to )draw ?is f ! n>r[ness ( fact1 & give to x1 9 an ideal _w1 proportion1 limit1 reality & dignity4 ,agreeabl5ess4 ,! subject & its mode ( exhibition are moreov] connect$ ) ! s5sible laws ( art2 viz41 h>mony1 compreh5sibility1 symmetry1 contra/1 etc42 :]eby x becomes visibly beautiful1 or agreeable1 z x is call$4 ,beauty4 ,f>!r1 we f9d t x obeys ! laws ( spiritual beauty1 :i* arises f j proportion1 & to :i* he :o is complete 9 ! creation or production ( ! beautiful kn[s h[ to subject ev5 ! extremes4 ,n[ t ,i h def9$ ! conditions :i* we dem& ( a high "w ( art1 mu* w be compris$ 9 a few words :5 ,i say t ! ,laocoon gr\p fulfils !m all1 nay1 t out ( x alone all ( !m c\ld be develop$4 ,x w be conc$$ by all t x exhibits acqua9tance ) ! human =m1 & ) :at is *>act]i/ic 9 x1 & at ! same "t expression & passion4 ,9 h[ high & ideal a way ! subject is treat$ w pres5tly be %[n2 & no "o :o recognizes ! h>mony ) :i* ! extremes ( bodily & m5tal suff]+ are set =? c hesitate 9 call+ ! "w beautiful4 ,on ! o!r h&1 _m w ?9k ,i am utt]+ a p>adox :5 ,i ma9ta9 t ! "w is also agreeable4 ,a ^w ^u ?is po9t4 ,e "w ( art mu/ %[ on ! face ( x t x is su*2 & ?is c be done only ?r\gh :at we call s5su\s beauty1 or agreeabl5ess4 ,! anci5ts1 f> f ent]ta9+ ! mod]n notion t a "w ( art mu/ h ! appe>ance ( a "w ( nature1 designat$ _! works ( art z su* ?r\gh an int5tional arrangem5t ( p>ts2 by means ( symmetry !y r5d]$ easy = ! eye an insight into relations1 & ?us a complicat$ "w 0 made compreh5sible4 ,?r\gh symmetry & opposition slight deviations 7 made productive ( ! %>pe/ contra/s4 ,! pa9s ( ! arti/ 7 mo/ happily be/[$ to place ! masses 9 opposition to ea* o!r1 & p>ticul>ly 9 gr\ps1 to br+ ! extremities ( ! bodies aga9/ ea* o!r 9 a h>moni\s position2 s t e "w1 :5 we disreg>d its import1 & look only at its g5]al outl9e f a di/ance1 /rikes ! eye by its ornam5tal air4 ,! antique vases furni% a hundr$ in/ances ( ?is sort ( agreeable composition1 & p]haps x w\ld be possible to exhibit a s]ies ( examples ( symmetrically arti/ic & *>m+ gr\p+s1 f ! mo/ quiet vase-sculptures up to ! ,laocoon4 ,i %all !re=e v5ture to repeat ! ass]tion t ! gr\p ( ,laocoon1 9 addition to its o!r ackn[l$g$ m]its1 is at once a model ( symmetry & v>iety1 ( repose & action1 ( contra/ & gradation1 :i* produce an impression p>tly s5sible1 p>tly spiritual1 agreeably /imulate ! imag9ation by ! high pa?os ( ! repres5tation1 & by _! grace & beauty temp] ! /orm ( passion & suff]+4 ,x is a great advantage = a "w ( art to be self-includ$ & complete4 ,an object at re/1 exhibit+ simple be+1 is ?us complete by & 9 itself4 ,a ,jupit]1 ! ?und]bolt re/+ 9 8 lap2 a ,juno1 repos+ 9 h] maje/y & fem99e dignity2 a ,m9]va1 inw>dly int5t--are all subjects t h no impulse outw>ds1 t re/ ^u & 9 !mselves2 ! fir/1 ! mo/ lovely subjects ( sculpture4 ,b )9 ! noble r\nd ( ! my?ic circle ( art1 :]e ^! sep>ate self-exi/5t natures /& & re/1 !re are small] circles1 )9 :i* ! figures are conceiv$ & wr\ght out ) ref]5ce to o!r figures2 = example1 ! n9e ,muses1 ) _! lead]1 ,apollo1 are ea* conceiv$ & execut$ sep>ately1 b !y become f> m int]e/+ 9 _! complete & div]sifi$ *oir4 ,:5 art attempts sc5es ( exalt$ passion1 x c treat !m also 9 ! same mann]2 x may ei!r pres5t to u a circle ( figures hold+ a passionate relation to ea* o!r1 l ! ,niobe & h] *ildr51 pursu$ by ,apollo & ,diana1 or exhibit 9 ! same piece ! action & ! motive2 we h 9 m9d su* gr\ps z ! graceful boy extract+ ! ?orn f 8 foot1 ! wre/l]1 two gr\ps ( fawns & nymphs 9 ,dresd51 & ! noble & animat$ gr\p ( ,laocoon4 ,sculpture is ju/ly entitl$ to ! high rank x holds1 because x c & mu/ c>ry expression to its highe/ po9t ( p]fection1 f ! fact t x leaves man only ! absolutely ess5tial4 ,?us1 9 ! pres5t gr\p1 ,laocoon is a b>e "n2 ! arti/s h /ripp$ him ( 8 prie/hood1 8 ,trojan nationality1 ( e poetical or my?ological attribute2 !re rema9s no?+ ( all t fable _h clo!d him )2 he is a fa!r ) 8 two sons1 9 dang] ( de/ruction f two fi]ce animals4 ,9 l mann]1 we see no mess5g] ( ! gods1 b two pla91 natural s]p5ts1 p[]ful en\gh to ov]come ?ree m51 b1 by no means1 ei!r 9 =m or action1 sup]natural & av5g+ m9i/]s ( wra?4 ,!y glide 91 z x is _! nature to d1 tw9e ar\nd1 knot toge!r1 & "o1 be+ irritat$1 bites4 ,if ,i _h to describe ?is "w )\t kn[+ ! f>!r int5t ( x1 ,i %\ld say x 7 a ,tragic ,idyl4 ,a fa!r 0 sleep+1 ) 8 two sons beside him2 two s]p5ts tw9$ ab\t !m1 & n[ wak+1 !y /ruggl$ to free !mselves f ! liv+ net4 ,! expression ( ! mom5t is1 9 ?is "w1 ( ! highe/ importance4 ,:5 x is int5d$ t a "w ( art %all move be=e ! eye1 a pass+ mom5t mu/1 ( c\rse1 be *os52 b a mom5t ago n a s+le "p ( ! :ole 0 to be f\nd 9 ! position x n[ holds1 & 9 ano!r in/ant all w be *ang$ aga92 s t x pres5ts a fre%1 liv+ image to a million behold]s4 ,9 ord] to conceive rightly ! int5tion ( ! ,laocoon1 let a man place himself be=e x at a prop] di/ance1 ) 8 eyes %ut2 !n let him op5 8 eyes1 & %ut !m aga9 in/antly4 ,by ?is means he w see ! :ole m>ble 9 motion2 he w fe> le/ he f9ds ! :ole gr\p *ang$ :5 he op5s 8 eyes aga94 ,x might be said t1 z x /&s1 x is a fla% ( lightn+ fix$1 a wave petrifi$ 9 ! mom5t x ru%es t[>ds ! %ore4 ,! same effect is produc$ by ! contemplation ( ! gr\p by tor*light4 ,! situation ( ! ?ree figures is repres5t$ ) a wise gradation4 ,9 ! olde/ son only ! extremities are entangl$2 ! second is encumb]$ ) m folds1 & especially by ! knot ar\nd 8 brea/2 he endeavors to get brea? by ! motion ( 8 "r arm2 ) ! left he g5tly holds back ! s]p5t's head1 to prev5t him f tak+ ano!r turn r\nd 8 brea/4 ,! s]p5t is 9 ! act ( slipp+ "u ! h&1 b does n bite4 ,! fa!r1 on ! o!r h&1 tries to set himself & ! *ildr5 free by =ce2 he grasps ! o!r s]p5t1 :i*1 exasp]at$1 bites him on ! hip4 ,! be/ way to und]/& ! position ( ! fa!r1 bo? 9 ! :ole & 9 detail1 seems to be to take ! sudd5 angui% ( ! w\nd z ! mov+ cause ( ! :ole action4 ,! s]p5t has n bitt51 b is j n[ bit+1 & 9 a s5sitive "p1 above & j beh9d ! hip4 ,! position ( ! re/or$ head ( ! s]p5t does n repres5t ! bite correctly2 =tunately1 ! rema9s ( ! two jaws may yet be se5 on ! h9d] "p ( ! /atue1 if only ^! important ve/iges are n de/roy$ 9 ! c\rse ( ! pres5t paltry alt]ations4 ,! s]p5t inflicts a w\nd ^u ! unhappy man1 9 a "p :]e we are excessively s5sible to any irritation1 :]e ev5 a little tickl+ is able to produce ! action :i* 9 ?is case is caus$ by ! w\nd4 ,! figure />ts away t[>ds ! opposite side1 ! abdom5 is drawn 91 ! %\ld] =c$ d[n1 ! brea/ ?ru/ out1 ! head s9ks t[>ds ! w\nd$ side2 ! second>y portion ( ! situation or treatm5t appe>s 9 ! imprison$ feet & ! /ruggl+ arms2 & ?us f ! contra/ ( /ruggle & flight1 ( action & suff]+1 ( en]gy & fail+ /r5g?1 results an h>moni\s action t w\ld p]haps be impossible "u o!r conditions4 ,we are lo/ 9 a/oni%m5t at ! sagacity ( ! arti/2 if we try to place ! bite 9 "s diff]5t position ! :ole action is *ang$1 & we f9d x impossible to conceive "o m fitt+4 ,?is1 !re=e1 is an important maxim3 ! arti/ has repres5t$ a s5su\s ef=t1 he %[s u also its s5su\s cause4 ,i repeat1 ! situation ( ! bite r5d]s necess>y ! pres5t action ( ! limbs4 ,! movem5t ( ! l[] "p ( ! figure1 z if to fly1 ! draw+ 9 ( ! abdom51 ! d[nw>d action ( ! %\ld]s & ! head1 ! brea/ =c$ out1 nay1 ! expression ( ea* feature ( ! face1 all are det]m9$ by ?is in/ant1 %>p1 unlook$-= irritation4 ,f> be x f me to de/roy ! unity ( human nature1 to d5y ! sympa!tic action ( ! spiritual p[]s ( ?is nobly complete man1 to misconceive ! action & suff]+ ( a great nature4 ,i see also angui%1 fe>1 horror1 a fa!r's anxiety p]vad+ ^! ve9s1 swell+ ?is brea/1 furr[+ ?is br[4 ,i freely admit t ! highe/ /ate ( m5tal z well z bodily angui% is "h repres5t$2 only let u n transf] ! effect ! "w produces on u too vividly to ! piece itself2 & above all1 let u n be look+ = ! effect ( poison 9 a body :i* ! s]p5t's fang has b j rea*$4 ,let u n fancy we see a dea?-/ruggle 9 a noble1 resi/+1 vigor\s1 b slightly w\nd$ frame4 ,"h let me h leave to make an obs]vation ( importance 9 art3 ,! maximum expression ( pa?os t c be giv5 by art hov]s 9 ! transition f "o /ate or condition to ano!r4 ,y see a lively *ild runn+ ) all ! en]gy & joy ( life1 b\nd+1 & full ( delight2 he is unexpect$ly /ruck some:at r\ghly by a playmate1 or is o!rwise morally or physically hurt4 ,?is new s5sation ?rills l an electric %ock ?r\gh all 8 limbs1 & ?is transition is full ( pa?os 9 ! highe/ mean+2 x is a contra/ ( :i* "o c =m no idea )\t hav+ se5 x4 ,9 ?is case pla9ly ! spiritual z well z ! physical man is 9 action4 ,if dur+ ! transition !re /ill rema9 evid5t traces ( ! previ\s /ate1 ! result is ! noble/ subject = pla/ic art1 z is ! case 9 ! ,laocoon :]e action & suff]+ are %[n 9 ! same in/ant4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ,eurydice1 bitt5 9 ! heel by ! snake %e has trodd5 on1 z %e goes joyfully ?r\gh ! mead[ ) ! fl[]s %e has collect$1 w\ld make a /atue ( great pa?os1 if ! tw(old /ate1 ! joyful advance & its pa9ful arre/1 might be express$ n only by ! fl[]s t %e lets fall1 b by ! direction ( h] limbs & ! d\btful flutt]+ ( h] dress4 ,hav+ n[ a cle> conception1 9 ?is respect1 ( ! ma9 figure1 we %all be enabl$ to give a free & secure glance ov] ! relations1 contra/s1 & gradations ( ! collective p>ts ( ! :ole4 ,! *oice ( subject is "o ( ! happie/ t c be imag9$1--m5 /ruggl+ ) dang]\s animals1 & animals t d n act z a mass ( conc5trat$ =ce1 b ) divid$ p[]s2 t d n ru% 9 at "o side1 nor (f] a comb9$ resi/ance1 b capable by _! prolong$ organization ( p>alyz+ )\t injur+ !m1 ?ree m51 or m or less4 ,f ! action ( ?is numb+ =ce results1 consi/5tly ) ! mo/ viol5t action1 a p]vad+ unity & repose ?r\gh\t ! :ole4 ,! diff]5t action ( ! s]p5ts is exhibit$ 9 gradation4 ,! "o is simply tw9$ ar\nd its victims1 ! o!r becomes irritat$ & bites its antagoni/4 ,! ?ree figures are 9 l mann] mo/ wisely select$3 a /rong1 well-develop$ man1 b evid5tly pa/ ! age ( greate/ en]gy1 & !re=e less able to endure pa9 & suff]+4 ,sub/itute 9 8 place a robu/ "y man & ! *>m ( ! gr\p vani%es4 ,jo9$ ) him 9 8 suff]+ are two boys1 small 9 proportion to 8 figure2 aga9 /ill two natures susceptible ( pa94 ,! /ruggles ( ! y\nge/ are p[]less2 he is fright5$1 b n injur$4 ,! fa!r /ruggles p[]fully1 b ineffectually2 8 ef=ts h r ! effect to exasp]ate ! oppos$ =ce4 ,8 oppon5t1 becom+ irritat$1 w\nds him4 ,! elde/ son is lea/ encumb]$4 ,he suff]s nei!r angui% nor pa92 he is fright5$ by ! sudd5 w\nd+ ( 8 fa!r1 & 8 movem5t !reupon2 he cries out1 at ! same mom5t endeavor+ to free 8 foot f ! s]p5t's fold4 ,"h !n is spectator1 witness1 & accessory to ! fact2 & ?us ! "w is complet$4 ,let me "h repeat :at ,i allud$ to above1--t all ?ree figures exhibit a tw(old action1 & ?us are occupi$ 9 mo/ manifold ways4 ,! y\nge/ son /rives to free himself by rais+ 8 "r arm1 & ) 8 left h& keeps back ! s]p5t's head2 he is /riv+ to alleviate ! pres5t1 & av]t ! great]1 evil1--! highe/ degree ( action he c atta9 9 8 pres5t imprison$ condition4 ,! fa!r is /riv+ to %ake (f ! s]p5ts1 :ile 8 body recoils f ! imm$iate bite4 ,! olde/ son is t]rifi$ by 8 fa!r's />t+1 & seeks at ! same "t to free himself f ! lightly entw9+ s]p5t4 ,! *oice ( ! highe/ mom5t ( expression has already be5 spok5 ( z a great advantage possess$ by ?is "w ( art2 let u n[ consid] ?is problem 9 great] detail4 ,we assum$ ! case ( natural s]p5ts tw9+ ab\t a fa!r sleep+ by 8 sons1 s t 9 consid]+ ! sep>ate mom5ts1 we might be l$ to a climax ( int]e/4 ,! fir/ mom5ts ( ! s]p5ts' w9d+ ab\t !m 9 sleep are port5t\s1 b n significant = art4 ,we might p]haps imag9e an infant ,h]cules asleep1 ) a s]p5t tw9$ ab\t him2 b 9 ?is case ! =m 9 repose w\ld %[ u :at we 7 to expect :5 he wak$4 ,let u n[ proce$ & figure to ourselves a fa!r ) 8 *ildr51 :5 fir/--let x h happ5$ h[ x may--he discov]s ! s]p5ts w\nd ab\t him4 ,!re is only "o mom5t ( ! highe/ int]e/1--:5 "o ( ! figures is made def5seless by ! pressure1 ! second c /ill fight1 b is w\nd$1 ! ?ird /ill reta9s a hope ( escape4 ,9 ! fir/ condition is ! y\ng] son2 9 ! second1 ! fa!r2 9 ! ?ird1 ! elde/ son4 ,seek n[ to f9d ano!r1 a f\r? condition6 ,try to *ange ! ord] ( ! dramatis p]sonae6 ,if we n[ consid] ! treatm5t f ! beg9n+1 we mu/ ackn[l$ge t x has rea*$ ! highe/ po9t2 & 9 l mann]1 if we reflect ^u ! succe$+ mom5ts1 we %all p]ceive t ! :ole gr\p mu/ necess>ily be *ang$1 & t no mom5t c be f\nd equal to ?is 9 arti/ic significance4 ,! y\nge/ son w ei!r be suffocat$ by ! entw9+ s]p5t1 or %\ld he 9 8 helpless condition exasp]ate x1 he mu/ be bitt54 ,nei!r alt]native c\ld we endure1 s9ce !y suppose an extremity unsuitable = repres5tation4 ,z to ! fa!r1 he w\ld ei!r be bitt5 by ! s]p5t 9 o!r places1 :]eby ! position ( ! body w\ld be entirely *ang$ & ! previ\s w\nds w\ld ei!r be lo/ to ! behold] or1 if made evid5t1 w\ld be loa?some1 or ! s]p5t might turn ab\t & assail ! elde/ son1 ^: att5tion w\ld !n be turn$ to himself1--! sc5e loses its p>ticipator1 ! la/ glimpse ( hope disappe>s f ! gr\p1 ! situation is no long] tragical1 x is fe>ful4 ,! figure ( ! fa!r1 :i* is n[ self-c5tr$ 9 its greatness & its suff]+1 w\ld 9 t case be turn$ t[>ds ! son & become a sympa?iz+ subord9ate4 ,man has1 = 8 own & o!rs' suff]+s1 only ?ree sorts ( s5sations1 appreh5sion1 t]ror1 & compassion1--! anxi\s =esee+ ( an approa*+ evil1 ! unexpect$ realization ( pres5t pa91 & sympa?y ) exi/+ or pa/ suff]+2 all ?ree are excit$ by & exhibit$ 9 ! pres5t "w1 & 9 ! mo/ fitt+ gradations4 ,pla/ic art1 labor+ always = a s+le po9t ( "t1 9 *oos+ a subject expressive ( pa?os w seize "o t awak5s t]ror2 :ile ,poetry pref]s su* z excite appreh5sion & compassion4 ,9 ! gr\p ( ,laocoon ! suff]+ ( ! fa!r awak5s t]ror1 & t 9 ! highe/ degree4 ,sculpture has done h] utmo/ = him1 b1 p>tly to run ?r\gh ! circle ( human s5sations1 p>tly to s(t5 ! effect ( s mu* ( ! t]rible1 x excites pity = ! y\ng] son1 & appreh5sion = ! eld]1 ?r\gh ! hope t /ill exi/s = him4 ,?us1 by means ( v>iety1 ! arti/s h introduc$ a c]ta9 balance into _! "w1 h s(t5$ & height5$ effect by o!r effects1 & complet$ at once a spiritual & s5su\s :ole4 ,9 a ^w1 we d>e boldly affirm t ?is "w exhau/s its subject & happily fulfils all ! conditions ( art4 ,x tea*es u t if ! ma/] c infuse 8 feel+ ( beauty into tranquil & simple subjects1 ?is feel+ c also be exhibit$ 9 its highe/ en]gy & dignity :5 x manife/s itself 9 ! creation ( v>i$ *>act]s1 & kn[s h[1 by arti/ic imitation1 to temp] & control ! passionate outbreak ( human feel+4 ,we %all give 9 ! sequel a full acc\nt ( ! /atues kn[n by ! "n ( ! family ( ,niobe1 z well z ! gr\p ( ! ,f>nesian ,bull2 ^! are among ! few repres5tations ( pa?os t rema9 to u ( antique sculpture4 ,x has be5 ! usual fate ( ! mod]ns to blund] 9 _! *oice ( subjects ( ?is sort4 ,:5 ,milo1 ) bo? 8 h&s fa/ 9 ! cleft ( a tree1 is attack$ by a lion1 art 9 va9 endeavors to create a "w t w excite a s9c]e sympa?y4 ,a tw(old suff]+1 a fruitless /ruggle1 a helpless /ate1 a c]ta9 defeat c only excite horror1 if !y d n leave u cold4 ,f9ally1 a ^w conc]n+ ?is subject 9 its connection ) poetry4 ,x is do+ ,virgil & poetic art a great inju/ice to comp>e ev5 = a mom5t ?is mo/ succ9ct a*ievem5t ( ,sculpture ) ! episodical treatm5t ( ! subject 9 ! neid4 ,s9ce ! unhappy exile1 neas1 is to rec\nt h[ he & 8 fell[-citiz5s 7 guilty ( ! unp>donable folly ( br++ ! fam\s horse into _! city1 ! ,poet mu/ hit ^u "s way to provide a motive = ?is action4 ,ev]y?+ is subord9at$ to ?is end1 & ! /ory ( ,laocoon /&s "h z a rhetorical argum5t to ju/ify an exagg]ation if only x s]ves its purpose4 ,two mon/r\s s]p5ts come out ( ! sea ) cre/$ heads2 !y ru% ^u ! *ildr5 ( ! prie/ :o _h injur$ ! horse1 encircle !m1 bite !m1 besme> !m1 twi/ & tw9e ab\t ! brea/ & head ( ! fa!r z he ha/5s to _! assi/ance1 & hold up _! heads 9 triumph :ile ! victim1 inclos$ 9 _! folds1 screams 9 va9 = help4 ,! p are horror-/ruck & fly at once2 no "o d>es to be a patriot any long]2 & ! he>]1 satiat$ ) ! horror ( ! /range & loa?some /ory1 is will+ to let ! horse be br\ght into ! city4 ,?us1 9 ,virgil1 ! /ory ( ,laocoon s]ves only z a /ep to a high] aim1 & x is a great "q :e!r ! occurr5ce be 9 itself a poetic subject4 ,,! ,,collector ,,& ,,8 ,,fri5ds 7#agii7 ,ye/]day a /rang] made 8 appe>ance1 ^: "n ,i 0 already famili> )1 & :o has ! reputation ( a skilful connoisseur4#c ,i 0 pleas$ to see him1 made him acqua9t$ g5]ally ) my possessions1 let him *oose :at he w\ld f :at ,i exhibit$ to him4 ,i soon notic$ 8 cultivat$ eye = works ( art1 & especially = _! hi/ory4 ,he knew ! ma/]s z well z ! s*ol>s2 9 cases ( d\btful works he 0 famili> ) ! gr\nds ( unc]ta9ty1 & 8 conv]sation 0 highly int]e/+ to me4 ,p]haps ,i %\ld h be5 hurri$ on to op5 myself 9 a m lively mann] t[>ds him1 _h n my resolve to s\nd my gue/ made me f ! fir/ take a m quiet tone4 ,8 judgm5t 9 _m cases agre$ ) m9e2 9 _m ,i 0 =c$ to admire 8 %>p & practis$ eye4 ,! fir/ ?+ t /ruck me 0 8 unmitigat$ hatr$ ( all ,mann]i/s4 ,i 0 9 pa9 = "s ( my favorite pictures1 & 0 curi\s to discov] f :at s\rce su* a dislike c\ld spr+4444 ,be=e we 7 all assembl$ ,i seiz$ an opportunity to l5d a help+ h& to my poor mann]i/s aga9/ ! /rang]4 ,i spoke ( _! beautiful nature1 _! happy h&l+1 _! grace1 & add$1 to keep myself safe3 ,?us mu* ,i say only to claim = !m a c]ta9 degree ( =be>ance1 ?\gh ,i admit t t high beauty1 :i* is ! highe/ end & aim ( ,art1 is 9 fact q a diff]5t ?+4 ,he repli$--) a smile t did n altoge!r please me1 inasmu* z x seem$ to express a special self-satisfaction & a sort ( compassion = me3--,are y !n /an* 9 ! old-fa%ion$ pr9ciple t ,beauty is ! la/ aim ( art8 ,i answ]$ t ,i 0 n aw>e ( any high]4 ,c y tell me :at ,beauty is8 he exclaim$4 ,p]haps n1 ,i repli$2 b ,i c %[ x to y4 ,let u g & see1 ev5 by c&lelight1 a f9e ca/ ( ,apollo or a beautiful m>ble bu/ ( ,bac*us t ,i possess1 & try if we _c agree t !y are beautiful4 ,be=e we g ^u ?is que/1 said he1 x w\ld be necess>y = u to exam9e m closely ?is ^w ,beauty & its d]ivation4 ,beauty 7,s*nheit7 comes f %[ 7,s*e972 x is an appe>ance1 & n wor?y to be ! object ( art4 ,! p]fectly *>act]i/ic only des]ves to be call$ beauty2 )\t ,"* !re is no ,beauty4 ,surpris$ by ?is mode ( expression1 ,i repli$3 ,grant$1 ?\gh x be n prov$1 t beauty mu/ be *>act]i/ic2 yet f ?is x only foll[s t "* lies at ! root ( beauty1 b by no means t ,beauty & ,"* are ! same4 ,"* holds to ! beautiful ! same relation t ! skeleton does to ! liv+ man4 ,no "o w d5y t ! osse\s sy/em is ! f\ndation ( all highly organiz$ =ms4 ,x consolidates & def9es ! =m1 b is n ! =m itself2 /ill less does x br+ ab\t t la/ appe>ance :i*1 z ! veil & integum5t ( an organiz$ :ole1 we call ,beauty4 ,i _c emb>k 9 similitudes1 said my gue/1 & f y\r own words1 moreov]1 x is evid5t t beauty is some?+ incompreh5sible1 or ! effect ( some?+ incompreh5sible4 ,:at _c be compreh5d$ is naught2 :at we _c make cle> by words is nons5se4 ,i4--,c y !n cle>ly express 9 words ! effect t a color$ body produces on y\r eyes8 ,he4--,t is aga9 a metaphor t ,i w n be drawn into4 ,x is en\gh t "* c be indicat$4 ,y f9d no beauty )\t x1 else x w\ld be empty & insignificant4 ,all ! beauty ( ! ,anci5ts is only ,"*1 & only out ( ?is quality is beauty develop$4 ,our ,philosoph]#d _h arriv$ mean:ile & 0 conv]s+ ) my nieces1 :51 he>+ u speak e>ne/ly1 he /epp$ =w>d2 & ! /rang]1 /imulat$ by ! accession ( a new he>]1 proce$$3 ,t is j ! mis=tune :5 good heads1 :5 p ( m]it1 get hold ( su* false pr9ciples1 :i* h only an appe>ance ( tru?1 & spread !m wid] & wid]4 ,none appropriate !m s will+ly z ^? :o "k & und]/& no?+ ( ! subject4 ,?us has ,less+ fa/5$ ^u u ! pr9ciple t ! anci5ts cultivat$ only ! beautiful2 ?us has ,w9ckelmann put u to sleep ) 8 8noble simplicity & s]5e greatness02 :]eas ! art ( ! anci5ts appe>s 9 all imag9able =ms4 ,b ^! g5tlem5 t>ry by ,jupit] & ,juno1 ,g5ii & ,graces1 & hide ! ignoble =ms & skulls ( ,b>b>ians1 ! r\gh hair1 f\l be>d1 gaunt bones1 & wr9kl$ sk9 ( de=m$ age1 ! protrud+ ve9s & hang+ brea/s4 ,9 ! "n ( ,god1 ,i exclaim$1 are !re !n indep5d5t1 self-exi/+ works ( ! be/ age ( ,anci5t ,art t exhibit su* frightful objects8 ,or are !y n r subord9ate works1 occasional pieces1 creations ( an art t mu/ demean itself accord+ to outw>d circum/ances1 an art on ! decl9e8 ,he4--,i give y ! specification1 y c y\rself se>* & judge4 ,b y w n d5y t ! ,laocoon1 t ,niobe1 t ,dirce ) h] /epsons1 are self-subsi/5t works ( art4 ,/& be=e ! ,laocoon & contemplate nature 9 full revolt & desp]ation4 ,! la/ *ok+ pang1 ! desp]ate /ruggle1 ! madd5+ convulsion1 ! work+ ( ! corrod+ poison1 ! vehem5t f]m5t+1 ! /agnat+ circulation1 suffocat+ pressure1 & p>alytic dea?4 ,! ,philosoph] seem$ to look at me ) a/oni%m5t1 & ,i answ]$3 ,we %udd]1 we are horrifi$ at ! b>e description4 ,9 soo?1 if x be s ) ! gr\p ( ,laocoon1 :at are we to say ( ! pleasure we f9d 9 ?is z 9 e o!r true "w ( art8 ,b ,i w n m$dle 9 ! "q4 ,y mu/ settle x ) ! au?ors ( ! ,propyla1 :o are ( j ! opposite m9d4 ,x mu/ be admitt$1 said my gue/1 t all ,antiquity speaks = me2 = :]e d horror & dea? rage m hide\sly ?an 9 ! repres5tation ( ! ,niobe8 ,i 0 conf\nd$ by ?is ass]tion1 = only a %ort "t be=e ,i _h be5 look+ at ! copp]plates 9 ,fabroni1 :i* ,i imm$iately br\ght =w>d & op5$4 ,i f9d no trace 9 ! /atues ( rag+ horror & dea?1 b r ! greate/ subord9ation ( tragical situation "u ! highe/ ideas ( dignity1 nobl5ess1 beauty1 & simplicity4 ,i trace ev]y:]e ! arti/ic purpose to dispose ! limbs agreeably & gracefully4 ,! "* is express$ only 9 ! mo/ g5]al l9es1 :i* run ?r\gh ! "w l a sort ( ideal skeleton4 ,he4--,let u turn to ! bas-reliefs1 :i* we %all f9d at ! end ( ! book4 ,we turn$ to !m4 ,i4--,( any?+ horrible1 to speak truly1 ,i see no trace "h ei!r4 ,:]e is ?is rage ( horror & dea?8 ,i see figures s artfully int]wov51 s happily plac$ aga9/ or ext5d$ ^u ea* o!r1 t :ile !y rem9d me ( a m\rnful de/9y1 !y give room at ! same "t = ! mo/ *>m+ imag9ations4 ,all t is *>act]i/ic is temp]$1 ! viol5t is elevat$1 & ,i might say t ,"* lies at ! f\ndation2 ^u x re/ simplicity & dignity2 ! highe/ aim ( art is beauty & its la/ effect ! feel+ ( pleasure4 ,! agreeable1 :i* may n be imm$iately unit$ ) ! *>act]i/ic1 comes rem>kably be=e our eyes 9 ^! s>cophagi4 ,are n ! dead sons & daught]s ( ,niobe "h made use ( z ornam5ts8 ,?is is ! highe/ luxury ( art2 %e adorns no long] ) fl[]s & fruits1 b ) ! corpses ( m51 ) ! greate/ mis=tune t c befall a fa!r or "m1 to see a bloom+ family all at once snat*$ away4 ,yes1 ! beaute\s g5ius :o /&s beside ! grave1 8 tor* rev]s$1 has /ood beside ! arti/ z he inv5t$ & p]fect$1 & ov] 8 e>?ly greatness has brea!d a heav5ly grace4 ,my gue/ look$ at me ) a smile1 & %rugg$ 8 %\ld]s4 ,alas1--said he1 z ,i conclud$1--alas1 ,i see pla9ly t we c nev] agree4 ,:at a pity t a man ( y\r acquirem5ts1 ( y\r s5se1 w n p]ceive t ^! are all empty words2 t to a man ( und]/&+ ,beauty & ,ideal mu/ always be a dream :i* he _c translate into reality1 b f9ds to be 9 direct opposition to x4444 ,i4--,w y all[ me also to put 9 a ^w8 ,! gue/ 7some:at scornfully47--,) all my he>t1 & ,i hope no?+ ab\t m]e phantoms4 ,i4--,i h "s acqua9tance ) ! poetry ( ! anci5ts1 b h little k ( ! pla/ic arts4 ,gue/4--,t ,i regret2 = 9 t case we c h>dly come to an und]/&+4 ,i4--,& yet ! f9e arts are ne>ly relat$1 & ! fri5ds ( ! sep>ate arts %\ld n misund]/& ea* o!r4 ,uncle4--,let u he> :at y h to say4 ,i4--,! old tragic writ]s dealt ) ! /uff 9 :i* !y work$ 9 ! same way z ! pla/ic arti/s1 unless ^! engrav+s1 repres5t+ ! family ( ,niobe1 give an altoge!r false impression ( ! orig9al4 ,gue/4--,!y are passably good4 ,!y convey an imp]fect b n a false impression4 ,i4--,well1 !n1 to t ext5t we c take !m = a gr\nd to g ^u4 ,uncle4--,:at is x y ass]t ( ! treatm5t ( ! anci5t tragic writ]s8 ,i4--,! subjects !y *ose1 especially 9 ! e>ly times1 7 (t5 ( an unbe>able frightfulness4 ,gue/4--,7 ! anci5t fables insupportably frightful8 ,i4--,und\bt$ly2 9 ! same mann] z y\r acc\nt ( ! ,laocoon4 ,gue/4--,did y f9d t also unbe>able8 ,i4--,i ask p>don4 ,i meant ! ?+ y describe1 n y\r description4 ,gue/4--,& ! "w itself also8 ,i4--,by no means ! "w itself1 b t :i* y h se5 9 x1--! fable1 ! hi/ory1 ! skeleton1--t :i* y "n ! *>act]i/ic4 ,= if ! ,laocoon really /ood be=e our eyes su* z y h describ$ x1 we ought n to hesitate a mom5t to da% x to pieces4 ,gue/4--,y use /rong expressions4 ,i4--,"o may d t z well z ano!r4 ,uncle4--,n[ !n = ! anci5t trag$ies4 ,gue/4--,yes1 ^! insupportable subjects4 ,i4--,v good2 b also ?is mann] ( treatm5t t makes ev]y?+ endurable1 beautiful1 graceful4 ,gue/4--,& t is effect$ by means ( 8simplicity & s]5e greatness80 ,i4--,s x appe>s4 ,gue/4--,by ! s(t5+ pr9ciple ( ,beauty8 ,i4--,x c be no?+ else4 ,gue/4--,& ! old trag$ies 7 aft] all n frightful8 ,i4--,h>dly1 s f> z my k ext5ds1 if y li/5 to ! poets !mselves4 ,9 fact1 if we reg>d 9 poetry only ! mat]ial :i* lies at ! f\ndation1 if we are to speak ( works ( art z if 9 _! place we _h se5 ! actual circum/ances1 !n ev5 ! trag$ies ( ,sophocles c be describ$ z loa?some & horrible4 ,gue/4--,i w n pass judgm5t on poetry4 ,i4--,nor ,i on pla/ic art4 ,gue/4--,yes1 x is be/ = ea* to /ick to 8 own dep>tm5t4 ,i4--,& yet !re is a common po9t ( union = all ! arts :]efrom ! laws ( all proce$4 ,gue/4--,& t is-- ,i4--,! s\l ( man4 ,gue/4--,ay1 ay2 t is j ! way ) y g5tlem5 ( ! new s*ool ( philosophy4 ,y br+ ev]y?+ ^u y\r own gr\nd & prov9ce2 &1 9 fact1 x is m conv5i5t to %ape ! _w accord+ to y\r ideas ?an to adapt y\r notions to ! tru? ( ?+s4 ,i4--,"h is no "q ( any metaphysical dispute4 ,gue/4--,if !re 7 ,i %\ld c]ta9ly decl9e x4 ,i4--,i %all admit = ! sake ( argum5t t ,nature c be imag9$ z absolutely ap>t f man1 b ) him art necess>ily conc]ns itself1 = art exi/s only ?r\gh man & = man4 ,gue/4--,:]e does all ?is t5d8 ,i4--,y y\rself1 :5 y make ,"* ! end ( art1 appo9t ! und]/&+1 :i* takes cognizance ( ! *>act]i/ic1 z ! judge4 ,gue/4--,to be sure ,i d4 ,:at ,i _c seize ) my und]/&+ does n exi/ = me4 ,i4--,yet man is n only a be+ ( ?\ght1 b also ( feel+4 ,he is a :ole2 a union ( v>i\s1 closely connect$ p[]s2 & to ?is :ole ( man ! "w ( art is to address itself4 ,x mu/ speak to ?is ri* unity1 ?is simple v>iety 9 him4 ,gue/4--,don't c>ry me ) y into ^! labyr9?s1 = :o c\ld ev] help u out aga98 ,i4--,x w !n be be/ = u to give up ! dispute & ea* reta9 8 position4 ,gue/4--,i %all at lea/ hold fa/ to m9e4 ,i4--,p]haps a means may /ill be f\nd :]eby1 if "o does n take ! o!r's position1 he c at lea/ obs]ve him 9 x4 ,gue/4--,propose x !n4 ,i4--,we w = a mom5t contemplate art 9 its orig94 ,gue/4--,good4 ,i4--,let u accompany ! "w ( art on its road to p]fection4 ,gue/4--,b only by ! way ( exp]i5ce1 if y expect me to foll[4 ,i w h no?+ to d ) ! /eep pa?s ( speculation4 ,i4--,y all[ me to beg9 at ! beg9n+8 ,gue/4--,) all my he>t4 ,i4--,a man feels an incl9ation = "s object2 let u suppose a s+le liv+ be+4 ,gue/4--,z1 = in/ance1 ?is pretty lap-dog4 ,julia4--,come1 ,bello6 ,x is no small honor to s]ve z example 9 su* a discussion4 ,i4--,truly1 ! dog is pretty en\gh1 & if ! man we are speak+ ( _h ! gift ( imitation1 he w\ld try 9 "s way to make a lik5ess ( x4 ,b let him prosp] nev] s well 9 8 imitation1 we are /ill n advanc$1 = we h at be/ only two ,bellos in/ead ( "o4 ,gue/4--,i w n int]rupt1 b wait & see :at is to become ( ?is4 ,i4--,suppose t ?is man1 to :om = ! sake ( 8 tal5t we w give ! "n ( ,arti/1 has by no means satisfi$ himself z yet2 t 8 desire seems to him too n>r[1 too limit$2 t he busies himself ab\t m individuals1 v>ieties1 k9ds1 species1 9 su* wise t at la/ n ! creature itself1 b ! ,idea ( ! creature /&s be=e him1 & he is able to express ?is by means ( 8 art4 ,gue/4--,bravo6 ,t is j my man1 & 8 "w mu/ be *>act]i/ic4 ,i4--,no d\bt4 ,gue/4--,& !re ,i w\ld /op & g no f>!r4 ,i4--,b we g beyond ?is4 ,gue/4--,i /op "h4 ,uncle4--,i w g along = ! sake ( exp]im5t4 ,i4--,by ?is op]ation we may arrive at a canon useful inde$1 & sci5tifically valuable1 b n satisfactory to ! s\l ( man4 ,gue/4---,h[ !n are y go+ to satisfy ! fanta/ic dem&s ( ?is de> s\l8 ,i4--,n fanta/ic2 x is only n satisfi$ 9 its j claims4 ,an old tradition in=ms u t ! ,elohim once took c\nsel toge!r1 say+1 let u make man aft] our own image2 & man says !re=e1 ) good cause1 let u make gods & !y %all be 9 our image4 ,gue/4--,we are gett+ into a d>k region4 ,i4--,!re is only "o light t c aid u "h4 ,gue/4--,& t is8 ,i4--,reason4 ,gue/4--,h[ f> x be a guide or a w-o'-wisp is h>d to say4 ,i4--,we ne$ n give x a "n2 b let u ask ourselves :at are ! dem&s ! s\l makes ( a "w ( art4 ,x is n en\gh t x fulfils a limit$ desire1 t x satisfies our curiosity1 or gives ord] & /ability to our k2 t :i* is ,high] 9 u mu/ be awak5$2 we mu/ be inspir$ ) rev]5ce1 & feel ourselves wor?y ( rev]5ce4 ,gue/4--,i beg9 to be at a loss to compreh5d y4 ,uncle4--,b ,i ?9k ,i am able to foll[ 9 "s measure2--h[ f>1 ,i %all try to make cle> by an example4 ,we w suppose our arti/ _h made an eagle 9 bronze :i* p]fectly express$ ! idea ( ! species1 b n[ he w\ld place him on ! sceptre ( ,jupit]4 ,d y ?9k x w\ld be p]fectly suitable !re8 ,gue/4--,x w\ld dep5d4 ,uncle4--,i say1 ,no6 ,! arti/ mu/ fir/ imp>t to him some?+ beyond all ?is4 ,gue/4--,:at !n8 ,uncle4--,x is h>d to express4 ,gue/4--,s ,i %\ld ?9k4 ,i4--,& yet some?+ may be done by approximation4 ,gue/4--,to x !n4 ,i4--,he mu/ give to ! eagle :at he gave to ,jupit]1 9 ord] to make him into a ,god4 ,gue/4--,& ?is is-- ,i4--,! ,godlike1--:i* 9 tru? we %\ld nev] become acqua9t$ )1 did n man feel & himself reproduce x4 ,gue/4--,i cont9ue to hold my gr\nd1 & let y asc5d into ! cl\ds4 ,i see t y mean to indicate ! high /yle ( ! ,greeks1 :i* ,i prize only s f> z x is *>act]i/ic4 ,i4--,x is some?+ m to u1 h[ev]2 x answ]s to a high dem&1 b /ill n ! highe/4 ,gue/4--,y seem to be v h>d to satisfy4 ,i4--,x beseems him to dem& mu* = :om mu* is 9 /ore4 ,let me be brief4 ,! human s\l is 9 an exalt$ position :5 x rev]5ces1 :5 x adores2 :5 x elevates an object & is elevat$ by x aga94 ,b x _c rema9 long 9 ?is /ate4 ,! g5]al concept ( g5us leaves x cold2 ! ,ideal raises x above itself2 b n[ x mu/ return aga9 into itself2 & x w\ld gladly enjoy once m t affection :i* x !n felt = ! ,individual1 )\t com+ back to ! same limit$ view1 & w n =ego ! significant1 ! _s-mov+4 ,:at w\ld become ( x n[1 if ,beauty did n /ep 9 & happily solve ! riddle8 ,%e fir/ gives life & w>m? to ! ,sci5tific1 & brea?+ h] s(t5+ influ5ce & heav5ly *>m ov] ev5 ! ,significant & ! ,high1 br+s x back to u aga94 ,a beautiful "w ( art has gone ?r\gh ! entire circle2 x becomes aga9 an ,individual t we c embrace ) affection1 t we c make our own4 ,gue/4--,h y done8 ,i4--,= ! pres5t4 ,! little circle is complet$2 we h come back to our />t+ po9t2 ! s\l has made its dem&s1 & ^? dem&s h be5 satisfi$4 ,i h no?+ fur!r to add4 7,"h our good uncle 0 p]emptorily call$ away to a pati5t47 ,gue/4--,x is ! cu/om ( y philosophic g5tlem5 to engage 9 battle beh9d high-s\nd+ words1 z if x 7 an gis4 ,i4--,i c assure y t ,i h n n[ be5 speak+ z a philosoph]4 ,^! are m]e matt]s ( exp]i5ce4 ,gue/4--,d y call t exp]i5ce1 :]e( ano!r c compreh5d no?+8 ,i4--,to e exp]i5ce belongs an organ4 ,gue/4--,d y mean a sep>ate "o8 ,i4--,n a sep>ate "o2 b x mu/ h "o peculi>ity4 ,gue/4--,& :at is t8 ,i4--,x mu/ be able to produce4 ,gue/4--,produce :at8 ,i4--,! exp]i5ce6 ,!re is no exp]i5ce :i* is n br\ght =?1 produc$1 creat$4 ,gue/4--,?is is too mu*6 ,i4--,?is is p>ticul>ly ! case ) arti/s4 ,gue/4--,inde$6 ,h[ enviable w\ld ! portrait pa9t] be1 :at cu/om w\ld he n h1 if he c\ld reproduce all 8 cu/om]s )\t tr\bl+ p ) s _m sitt+s6 ,i4--,i am n det]r$ by y\r in/ance1 b r am conv9c$ no portrait c be wor? any?+ t ! pa9t] does n 9 ! /ricte/ s5se create4 ,gue/ 7spr++ up74--,?is is madd5+6 ,i w\ld y 7 mak+ game ( me1 & all ?is 7 only 9 je/4 ,h[ happy ,i %\ld be to h ! riddle expla9$ 9 t mann]6 ,h[ gladly w\ld ,i give my h& to a wor?y man l y6 ,i4--,un=tunately1 ,i am q 9 e>ne/1 & _c come to any o!r conclusion4 ,gue/4--,n[ ,i did hope t 9 p>t+ we %\ld take ea* o!r's h&1 especially s9ce our good ho/ has dep>t$1 :o w\ld h held ! place ( m$iator 9 y\r dispute4 ,f>ewell1 ,mademoiselle6 ,f>ewell1 ,sir6 ,i %all inquire to-morr[ :e!r ,i may wait on y aga94 ,s he /orm$ out ( ! door1 & ,julia _h sc>ce "t to s5d ! maid1 :o 0 ready ) ! lant]n1 aft] him4 ,i rema9$ alone ) ! sweet *ild1 = ,c>ol9e _h disappe>$ "s "t be=e1--,i ?9k ab\t ! "t t my oppon5t _h decl>$ t m]e beauty1 )\t "*1 mu/ be insipid4 ,y w5t too f>1 my fri5d1 said ,julia1 aft] a %ort pause4 ,if he did n seem to me altoge!r 9 ! "r1 nei!r c ,i give unqualifi$ ass5t to y2 = y\r la/ ass]tion 0 only made to tease him4 ,! portrait pa9t] mu/ make ! lik5ess a pure creation8 ,fair ,julia1 ,i repli$1 h[ mu* ,i c\ld wi% to make myself cle> to y ^u ?is po9t4 ,p]haps 9 "t ,i %all succe$4 ,b y1 ^: lively _s is at home 9 all regions1 :o n only prize ! arti/ b 9 "s s5se anticipate him1 & :o "k h[ to give =m to :at y\r eyes h nev] se51 z if x /ood bodily be=e y1 y %\ld be ! la/ to />t :5 ! "q is ( creation1 ( production4 ,julia4--,i see x is y\r int5tion to bribe me4 ,t w n be h>d1 = ,i l to li/5 to y4 ,i4--,let u ?9k well ( man1 & n tr\ble ourselves if :at we say ( him may s\nd a little biz>re4 ,ev]ybody admits t ! poet mu/ be born4 ,does n e "o ascribe to g5ius a creative p[]1 & no "o ?9ks he is repeat+ a p>adox8 ,we d n d5y x to works ( fancy2 b ! inactive1 ! wor?less man w n become aw>e ( ! good1 ! noble1 ! beautiful1 ei!r 9 himself or o!rs4 ,:5ce came x1 if x did n spr+ f ourselves8 ,ask y\r own he>t4 ,is n ! me?od ( int]c\rse born ) int]c\rse8 ,is x n ! capacity = good de$s t rejoices ov] ! good de$8 ,:o ev] feels ke5ly )\t ! wi% to express t feel+8 & :at d we express b :at we create8 & 9 tru?1 n once only1 t x may exi/ & !re end1 b t x may op]ate1 ev] increase1 & aga9 come to life1 & aga9 create4 ,?is is ! god-l p[] ( love1 ( ! s++ & speak+ ( :i* !re is no end1 t x reproduces at e mom5t ! noble qualities ( ! belov$ object1 p]fects x 9 ! lea/ p>ticul>s1 embraces x 9 ! :ole1 re/s n by day1 sleeps n by night1 is en*ant$ ) its own "w1 is a/oni%$ at its own re/less activity1 ev] f9ds ! famili> new1 because at e mom5t x is re-creat$ 9 ! sweete/ ( all occupations4 ,yes1 ! picture ( ! belov$ _c gr[ old1 = e mom5t is ! mom5t ( its bir?4 ,! maid return$ f light+ ! /rang]4 ,%e 0 highly satisfi$ ) 8 lib]ality1 = he _h giv5 h] a h&some p\rboire2 b %e prais$ 8 polit5ess /ill m highly1 = he _h dismiss$ h] ) a fri5dly ^w1 &1 moreov]1 call$ h] 8,pretty ,maid40 ,i 0 n 9 a humor to sp>e him1 & exclaim$3 8,oh1 yes6 ,i c easily cr$it t "o :o d5ies ! ideal %\ld take ! common = ! beautiful40 ,,footnotes3 #c ,alois ,hirt1 protagoni/ ( ! !ory ( ! 8*>act]i/ic40 #d ,s*ill]4 ,,on ,,tru? ,,& ,,probability ,,9 ,,works ,,( ,,art ,a ,dialogue 7#agih7 ,9 a c]ta9 ,g]man !atre !re 0 repres5t$ a sort ( oval amphi!atrical /ructure1 ) boxes fill$ ) pa9t$ spectators1 seem+ly occupi$ ) :at 0 be+ transact$ bel[4 ,_m ( ! real spectators 9 ! pit & boxes 7 dissatisfi$ ) ?is1 & took x amiss t any?+ s untrue & improbable 0 put ^u !m4 ,:]eupon ! conv]sation took place ( :i* we "h give ! g5]al purport4 ,! ,ag5t ( ! ,arti/4--,let u see if we _c by "s means agree m ne>ly4 ,! ,spectator4--,i d n see h[ su* a repres5tation c be def5d$4 ,ag5t4--,tell me1 :5 y g into a !atre1 d y n expect all y see to be true & real8 ,spectator4--,by no means6 ,i only ask t :at ,i see %all appe> true & real4 ,ag5t4--,p>don me if ,i contradict ev5 y\r inmo/ conviction & ma9ta9 ?is is by no means ! ?+ y dem&4 ,spectator4--,t is s+ul>6 ,if ,i did n require ?is1 :y %\ld ! sc5e pa9t] take s mu* pa9s to draw ea* l9e 9 ! mo/ p]fect mann]1 accord+ to ! rules ( p]spective1 & repres5t e object accord+ to its own peculi> p]fection8 ,:y wa/e s mu* /udy on ! co/ume8 ,:y sp5d s mu* to insure its tru?1 s t ,i may be c>ri$ back into ^? times8 ,:y is t play] mo/ highly prais$ :o mo/ truly expresses ! s5tim5t1 :o 9 spee*1 ge/ure1 deliv]y1 comes ne>e/ ! tru?1 :o p]suades me t ,i behold n an imitation1 b ! ?+ itself8 ,ag5t4--,y express y\r feel+s admirably well1 b x is h>d] ?an y may ?9k to h a "r compreh5sion ( our feel+s4 ,:at w\ld y say if ,i reply t !atrical repres5tations by no means seem really true to y1 b r to h only an appe>ance ( tru?8 ,spectator4--,i %\ld say t y h advanc$ a subtlety t is little m ?an a play ^u words4 ,ag5t4--,& ,i ma9ta9 t :5 we are speak+ ( ! op]ations ( ! s\l1 no words c be delicate & subtle en\gh2 & t ?is sort ( play ^u words indicates a ne$ ( ! s\l1 :i*1 n be+ able adequately to express :at passes )9 u1 seeks to "w by way ( anti!sis1 to give an answ] to ea* side ( ! "q1 & ?us1 z x 71 to f9d ! mean betwe5 !m4 ,spectator4--,v good4 ,only expla9 y\rself m fully1 &1 if y w oblige me1 by examples4 ,ag5t4--,i %all be glad to avail myself ( !m4 ,= in/ance1 :5 y are at an op]a1 d y n exp]i5ce a lively & complete satisfaction8 ,spectator4--,yes1 :5 ev]y?+ is 9 h>mony1 "o ( ! mo/ complete ,i "k4 ,ag5t4--,b :5 ! good p !re meet & complim5t ea* o!r ) a song1 s+ f billets t !y hold 9 _! h&s1 s+ y _! love1 _! hatr$1 & all _! passions1 fight s++1 & die s++1 c y say t ! :ole repres5tation1 or ev5 any "p ( x1 is true8 or1 ,i may say1 has ev5 an appe>ance ( tru?8 ,spectator4--,9 fact1 :5 ,i consid]1 ,i c\ld n say x _h4 ,none ( ^! ?+s seems true4 ,ag5t4--,& yet y are completely pleas$ & satisfi$ ) ! exhibition8 ,spectator4--,beyond "q4 ,i /ill rememb] h[ ! op]a us$ to be ridicul$ on acc\nt ( ?is gross improbability1 & h[ ,i always receiv$ ! greate/ satisfaction f x1 9 spite ( ?is1 & f9d m & m pleasure ! ri*] & m complete x becomes4 ,ag5t4--,& y d n !n at ! op]a exp]i5ce a complete deception8 ,spectator4--,deception1 t is n ! prop] ^w1--& yet1 yes6--,b no-- ,ag5t4--,"h y are 9 a complete contradiction1 :i* is f> worse ?an a quibble4 ,spectator4--,let u proce$ quietly2 we %all soon see light4 ,ag5t4--,z soon z we come into ! light1 we %all agree4 ,hav+ rea*$ ?is po9t1 w y all[ me to ask y "s que/ions8 ,spectator4--,x is y\r duty1 hav+ que/ion$ me into ?is dilemma1 to "q me out aga94 ,ag5t4--,! feel+ y h at ! exhibition ( an op]a _c be rightly call$ deception8 ,spectator4--,i agree4 ,/ill x is a sort ( deception2 some?+ ne>ly alli$ to x4 ,ag5t4--,tell me1 d y n almo/ =get y\rself8 ,spectator4--,n almo/1 b q1 :5 ! :ole or "s "p is excell5t4 ,ag5t4--,y are en*ant$8 ,spectator4--,x has happ5$ m ?an once4 ,ag5t4--,c y expla9 "u :at circum/ances8 ,spectator4--,"u s _m1 x w\ld be h>d to tell4 ,ag5t4--,yet y h already told :5 x is mo/ apt to happ51 namely1 :5 all is 9 h>mony4 ,spectator4--,und\bt$ly4 ,ag5t4--,did ?is complete repres5tation h>monize ) itself or "s o!r natural product8 ,spectator4--,) itself1 c]ta9ly4 ,ag5t4--,& ?is h>mony 0 a "w ( art8 ,spectator4--,x mu/ h be54 ,ag5t4--,we h d5i$ to ! op]a ! possession ( a c]ta9 sort ( tru?4 ,we h ma9ta9$ t x is by no means fai?ful to :at x pr(esses to repres5t4 ,b c we d5y to x a c]ta9 int]ior tru?1 :i* arises f its complet5ess z a "w ( art8 ,spectator4--,:5 ! op]a is good1 x creates a little _w ( its own1 9 :i* all proce$s accord+ to fix$ laws1 :i* mu/ be judg$ by its own laws1 felt accord+ to its own _s4 ,ag5t4--,does x n foll[ f ?is1 t tru? ( nature & tru? ( art are two di/9ct ?+s1 & t ! arti/ nei!r %\ld nor may endeavor to give 8 "w ! air ( a "w ( nature8 ,spectator4--,b yet x has s (t5 ! air ( a "w ( nature4 ,ag5t4--,t ,i _c d5y4 ,b may ,i on ! o!r h& be equally frank8 ,spectator4--,:y n8 our bus9ess is n n[ ) complim5ts4 ,ag5t4--,i w !n v5ture to affirm1 t a "w ( art c seem to be a "w ( nature only to a :olly uncultivat$ spectator2 su* a "o ! arti/ appreciates & values inde$1 ?\gh he /&s on ! l[e/ /ep4 ,b1 un=tunately1 he c only be satisfi$ :5 ! arti/ desc5ds to 8 level2 he w nev] rise ) him1 :51 prompt$ by 8 g5ius1 ! true arti/ mu/ take w+ 9 ord] to complete ! :ole circle ( 8 "w4 ,spectator4--,y\r rem>k is curi\s2 b proce$4 ,ag5t4--,y w\ld n let x pass unless y _h y\rself atta9$ a high] /ep4 ,spectator4--,let me n[ make trial1 & take ! place ( que/ion]1 9 ord] to arrange & advance our subject4 ,ag5t4--,i %all l t bett] /ill4 ,spectator4--,y say t a "w ( art c\ld appe> z a "w ( nature only to an uncultivat$ p]son8 ,ag5t4--,c]ta9ly4 ,y rememb] ! birds t tri$ to eat ! pa9t$ *]ries ( ! great ma/]8 ,spectator4--,n[ does n t %[ t ! *]ries 7 admirably pa9t$8 ,ag5t4--,by no means4 ,x r conv9ces me t ^! connoisseurs 7 true sp>r[s4 ,spectator4--,i _c1 h[ev]1 = ?is reason conc$e t ?is "w c\ld h be5 o!r ?an excell5t4 ,ag5t4--,%all ,i tell y a m mod]n /ory8 ,spectator4--,i w\ld r li/5 to /ories ?an argum5ts4 ,ag5t4--,a c]ta9 great naturali/1 among o!r dome/icat$ animals1 possess$ an ape1 :i* he miss$ "o day1 & f\nd aft] a long se>* 9 ! libr>y4 ,!re sat ! bea/ on ! gr\nd1 ) ! plates ( an unb\nd "w ( ,natural ,hi/ory scatt]$ ab\t him4 ,a/oni%$ at ?is zeal\s fit ( /udy on ! "p ( 8 famili>1 ! g5tleman approa*$1 & f\nd1 to 8 wond] & vexation1 t ! da9ty ape _h be5 mak+ 8 d9n] ( ! beetles t 7 pictur$ 9 v>i\s places4 ,spectator4--,x is a droll /ory4 ,ag5t4--,& seasonable1 ,i hope4 ,y w\ld n comp>e ^! color$ copp]plates ) ! "w ( s great an arti/8 ,spectator4--,no1 inde$4 ,ag5t4--,b y w\ld reckon ! ape among ! uncultivat$ amateurs8 ,spectator4--,yes1 & among ! gre$y ones6 ,y awak5 9 me a s+ul> idea4 ,does n ! uncultivat$ amateur1 j 9 ! same way1 desire a "w to be natural1 t he may be able to enjoy x 9 a natural1 :i* is (t5 a vulg> & common way8 ,ag5t4--,i am entirely ( t op9ion4 ,spectator4--,& y ma9ta91 !re=e1 t an arti/ l[]s himself :5 he tries to produce ?is effect8 ,ag5t4--,su* is my firm conviction4 ,spectator4--,b "h aga9 ,i feel a contradiction4 ,y did me j n[ ! honor to numb] me1 at lea/1 among ! half-cultivat$ spectators4 ,ag5t4--,among ^? :o are on ! way to become true connoisseurs4 ,spectator4--,!n expla9 to me1 ,:y does a p]fect "w ( art appe> l a "w ( nature to me also8 ,ag5t4--,because x h>monizes ) y\r bett] nature4 ,because x is above natural1 yet n unnatural4 ,a p]fect "w ( art is a "w ( ! human s\l1 & 9 ?is s5se1 also1 a "w ( nature4 ,b because x collects toge!r ! scatt]$ objects1 ( :i* x displays ev5 ! mo/ m9ute 9 all _! significance & value1 x is above nature4 ,x is compreh5sible only by a m9d t is h>moni\sly =m$ & develop$1 & su* an "o discov]s t :at is p]fect & complete 9 itself is also 9 h>mony ) himself4 ,! common spectator1 on ! contr>y1 has no idea ( x2 he treats a "w ( art z he w\ld any object he meets ) 9 ! m>ket4 ,b ! true connoisseur sees n only ! tru? ( ! imitation1 b also ! excell5ce ( ! selection1 ! ref9em5t ( ! composition1 ! sup]iority ( ! little _w ( art2 he feels t he mu/ rise to ! level ( ! arti/1 9 ord] to enjoy 8 "w2 he feels t he mu/ collect himself out ( 8 scatt]$ life1 mu/ live ) ! "w ( art1 see x aga9 & aga91 & ?r\gh x receive a high] exi/5ce4 ,spectator4--,well said1 my fri5d4 ,i h (t5 made simil> reflections ^u pictures1 ! drama1 & o!r species ( poetry1 & _h an in/9ct ( ^? ?+s y require4 ,i w 9 future give m he$ bo? to myself & to works ( art4 ,b if ,i am n mi/ak51 we h left ! subject ( our dispute q beh9d4 ,y wi%$ to p]suade me t ! pa9t$ spectators at our op]a are admissible1 & ,i d n yet see1 ?\gh we h come to an agreem5t1 by :at argum5ts y mean to support ?is lic5se1 & "u :at rubric ,i am to admit ^! pa9t$ look]s-on4 ,ag5t4--,=tunately1 ! op]a is repeat$ to-night2 ,i tru/ y w n miss x4 ,spectator4--,on no acc\nt4 ,ag5t4--,& ! pa9t$ m58 ,spectator4--,%all n drive me away1 = ,i ?9k myself some?+ m ?an a sp>r[4 ,ag5t4--,i hope t a mutual int]e/ may soon br+ u toge!r aga94 ,,simple ,,imitation ,,( ,,nature1 ,,mann]1 ,,/yle 7#aghi7 ,x does n seem to be sup]flu\s to def9e cle>ly ! mean+ we atta* to ^! words1 :i* we %all (t5 h occasion to make use (4 ,=1 h[ev] long we may h be5 9 ! habit ( us+ !m1 & h[ev] !y may seem to h be5 def9$ 9 !oretical works1 /ill e "o cont9ues to use !m 9 a way ( 8 own1 & means m or less by !m1 accord+ to ! degree ( cle>ness or unc]ta9ty ) :i* he has seiz$ ! ideas !y express4 ,simple ,imitation ( ,nature ,if an arti/1 9 :om we mu/ ( c\rse suppose a natural tal5t1 is 9 ! fir/ /age ( progress1 & aft] hav+ 9 "s measure practis$ eye & h&1 turns to natural objects1 uses all c>e & fidelity 9 ! mo/ p]fect imitation ( _! =ms & colors1 nev] kn[+ly dep>ts f nature1 beg9s & ends 9 h] pres5ce e picture t he und]takes1--su* an arti/ mu/ possess high m]it1 = he _c fail ( atta9+ ! greate/ accuracy1 & 8 "w mu/ be full ( c]ta9ty1 v>iety & /r5g?4 ,if ^! conditions are cle>ly consid]$1 x w be easily se5 t a capable b limit$ tal5t c 9 ?is way treat agreeable b limit$ subjects4 ,su* subjects mu/ always be easy to f9d4 ,leisurely obs]vation & quiet imitation mu/ be all[$ =2 ! disposition t occupies itself 9 su* works mu/ be a quiet "o1 self-conta9$1 & satisfi$ ) mod]ate gratification4 ,?is sort ( imitation w ?us be practis$ by m5 ( quiet1 true1 limit$ nature1 9 ! repres5tation ( dead or /ill-life subjects4 ,x does n by its nature exclude a high degree ( p]fection4 ,mann] ,b man f9ds1 usually1 su* a mode ( proce$+ too timid & inadequate4 ,he p]ceives a h>mony among _m objects1 :i* c only be br\ght into a picture by sacrific+ ! individual4 ,he gets tir$ ( us+ ,nature's lett]s ea* "t to spell aft] h]4 ,he inv5ts a way1 devises a language = himself1 s z to express 9 8 own fa%ion ! idea 8 s\l has atta9$1 & give to ! object he has s _m times repeat$ a di/9ctive =m1 )\t hav+ rec\rse to nature itself ea* "t he repeats x1 or ev5 )\t recall+ exactly ! individual =m4 ,?us a language is creat$1 9 :i* ! m9d ( ! speak] expresses & utt]s itself imm$iately2 & z 9 ea* individual :o ?9ks1 ! conceptions ( spiritual objects are =m$ & arrang$ diff]5tly1 s w e arti/ ( ?is class see1 und]/&1 & imitate ! outw>d _w 9 a diff]5t mann]1 w seize its ph5om5a ) a m or less obs]vant eye1 & reproduce !m m accurately or loosely4 ,we see t ?is species ( imitation is appli$ ) ! be/ effect 9 cases :]e a great :ole compreh5ds _m subord9ate objects4 ,^! la/ mu/ be sacrific$ 9 ord] to atta9 ! g5]al expression ( ! :ole1 z is ! case 9 l&scapes1 = in/ance1 :]e ! aim w\ld be miss$ if we att5d$ too closely to ! details1 in/ead ( keep+ 9 view ! idea ( ! :ole4 ,/yle ,:5 at la/ art1 by means ( imitation ( ,nature1 ( ef=ts to create a common language1 & ( cle> & pr(\nd /udy ( objects !mselves1 has acquir$ a cle>] & cle>] k ( ! peculi>ities ( objects & _! mode ( be+1 ov]sees ! classes ( =ms1 & kn[s h[ to connect & imitate ^? t are di/9ct & *>act]i/ic1--!n w ,/yle rea* ! highe/ po9t x is capable (1 ! po9t :]e x may be plac$ on a p> ) ! highe/ ef=ts ( ! human m9d4 ,simple ,imitation spr+s f quiet exi/5ce & an agreeable subject2 ,mann] seizes ) facile capacity ^u an appe>ance2 ,/yle re/s ^u ! deepe/ f\ndations ( k1 ^u ! ess5ce ( ?+s1 s f> z we are able to recognize x 9 visible & compreh5sible =ms4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! elaboration ( :at we h advanc$ above w\ld fill :ole volumes2 & mu* is said ^u ! subject 9 books1 b a true conception ( x c only be arriv$ at by ! /udy ( nature & works ( art4 ,we subjo9 "s additional consid]ations1 & %all h occasion to ref] to ^! rem>ks :5ev] pla/ic art is 9 "q4 ,x is easy to see t ^! ?ree sev]al ways ( produc+ works ( art are closely relat$1 & t "o may imp]ceptibly run into ! o!rs4 ,! simple imitation ( subjects ( easy compreh5sion 7we %all take fruits & fl[]s z an example7 may be c>ri$ to a high po9t ( p]fection4 ,x is natural t he :o pa9ts roses %\ld soon le>n to di/+ui% & select ! mo/ beautiful1 & seek = su* only among ! ?\s& t summ] af=ds4 ,?us we h arriv$ at selection1 al?\gh ! arti/ may h =m$ no g5]al idea ( ! beauty ( roses4 ,he has to d ) compreh5sible =ms2 ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u ! manifold purpose & ! color ( ! surface4 ,! d[ny pea*1 ! f9ely du/$ plum1 ! smoo? apple1 ! burni%$ *]ry1 ! dazzl+ rose1 ! manifold p9k1 ! v>iegat$ tulip1 all ^! he c h at w 9 8 quiet /udio 9 ! p]fection ( _! bloom & rip5ess4 ,he c put !m 9 a favorable light2 8 eye w become accu/om$ to ! h>moni\s play ( glitt]+ colors2 ea* ye> w\ld give him a fre% opportunity ( r5ew+ ! same models1 & he w\ld be enabl$1 )\t labori\s ab/raction1 by means ( quiet imitative obs]vation1 to "k & seize ! peculi>ities ( ! simple exi/5ce ( ^! subjects4 ,9 ?is way 7 produc$ ! ma/]pieces ( a ,huysum & ,ra*el ,ruys*1 arti/s :o seem almo/ to h accompli%$ ! impossible4 ,x is evid5t t an arti/ ( ?is sort mu/ become great] & m *>act]i/ic1 if 9 addition to 8 tal5t1 he is also acqua9t$ ) botany2 if he kn[s1 f ! root up1 ! influ5ces ( ! sev]al p>ts ^u ! expansion & gr[? ( ! plant1 _! (fice1 & reciprocal action2 if he und]/&s & reflects ^u ! successive developm5t ( leaves1 fruit1 fl[]s1 & ! new g]m4 ,by ?is means he w n only exhibit 8 ta/e 9 ! selection ( sup]ficial appe>ance1 b w at once w9 admiration & give in/ruction ?r\gh a correct repres5tation ( prop]ties4 ,9 ?is wise x might be said t he _h =m$ a /yle2 :ile1 on ! o!r h&1 x is easy to see h[ su* a ma/]1 if he proce$$ ) less ?or\ghness1 if he endeavor$ to give only ! /rik+ & dazzl+1 w\ld soon pass into mann]ism4 ,simple ,imitation !re=e labors 9 ! ante-*amb] t leads to ,/yle4 ,9 proportion to ! tru?1 c>e1 & purity ) :i* x goes to "w1 ! composure ) :i* x exam9es & feels1 ! calmness ) :i* x proce$s to imitate1 ! degree ( reflection x uses1 t is to say1 ) :i* x le>ns to comp>e ! l & sep>ate ! unlike1 & to arrange sep>ate objects "u "o g5]al idea1--w be its title to /ep ^u ! ?re%old ( ! sanctu>y itself4 ,if n[ we consid] ,mann] m c>efully1 we %all see t x may be1 9 ! highe/ s5se & pure/ signification ( ! ^w1 ! middle gr\nd betwe5 simple imitation ( nature & /yle4 ,! ne>] x approa*es1 ) its m facile treatm5t1 to fai?ful imitation & on ! o!r side1 ! m e>ne/ly x endeavors to seize & compreh5sibly express ! "* ( objects1 ! m x /rives1 by means ( a pure1 lively1 & active individuality1 to comb9e ! two1 ! high]1 great]1 & m wor?y ( respect x w become4 ,b if su* an arti/ ceases to hold fa/ by & reflect ^u nature1 he w soon lose sight ( ! true pr9ciples ( art1 & 8 mann] w become m & m empty & insignificant 9 proportion z he leaves beh9d simple imitation & /yle4 ,we ne$ n "h repeat t we use ! ^w ,mann] 9 a high & honorable s5se1 s t arti/s :o1 accord+ to our def9ition1 w\ld be t]m$ ,mann]i/s h no?+ to compla9 (4 ,x is only incumb5t ^u u to pres]ve ! ^w ,/yle 9 ! highe/ honor1 9 ord] to h an expression = ! highe/ po9t art has atta9$ or ev] c atta94 ,to be aw>e ( ?is po9t is 9 itself a great good =tune1 & to ent] ^u its consid]ation 9 company ) s5sible p1 a noble pleasure1 = :i* we hope to h _m opportunities 9 ! sequel4 ,,anci5t ,,& ,,mod]n 7#ahah7 ,i h be5 oblig$1 9 :at prec$es1 to say s mu* 9 favor ( antiquity1 & p>ticul>ly ( ! pla/ic arti/s ( ^? times1 t ,i may possibly be misund]/ood1 :i* s (t5 happ5s :]e ! read]1 in/ead ( pres]v+ a j balance1 ?r[s himself at once into ! opposite scale4 ,i !re=e seize ! pres5t opportunity to expla9 my mean+1 us+ pla/ic art z a symbol ( ! nev]-ceas+ life ( human actions & affairs4 ,a "y fri5d1 ,k>l ,ern/ ,s*ub>?1 9 8 pamphlet1 ,a ,critique on ,goe!1 :i* 9 e respect calls = my e/eem & ?anks1 says3 8,i d n agree ) ^? wor%ip]s ( ! anci5ts1 among :om is ,goe! himself1 :o ma9ta9 t 9 high & complete developm5t ( humanity no?+ has ev] be5 arriv$ at to comp>e ) ! ,greeks40 ,=tunately1 ,s*ub>?'s own words give u an opportunity to adju/ ?is diff]5ce1 :]e he says1 8,z to our ,goe!1 let me say t ,i pref] ,%akespe>e to him1 = ?is reason1--t 9 ,%akespe>e ,i seem to f9d a /rong1 unconsci\s man1 :o is able1 ) p]fect c]ta9ty1 & )\t reason+1 reflect+1 subtiliz+ & classify+1 to seize ) nev]-fail+ h& ! true & false 9 man1 & express x q naturally2 :il/ 9 ,goe!1 ?\gh ,i recognize ! same ultimate aim1 ,i am always fight+ ) ob/acles1 & mu/ be always tak+ he$ le/ ,i accept = pla9 tru? :at is only an exhibition ( pla9 error40 ,"h our fri5d hits ! nail on ! head2 = 9 t v po9t :]e he places me bel[ ,%akespe>e d we /& bel[ ! anci5ts4 ,& :at is x we advance conc]n+ ! anci5ts8 ,any tal5t1 ! developm5t ( :i* is n favor$ by "t & circum/ances1 & mu/ on t acc\nt "w its way ?r\gh a ?\s& ob/acles1 & get rid ( a ?\s& errors1 mu/ always be at a disadvantage1 :5 comp>$ ) a contempor>y "o t has ! opportunity to cultivate itself ) facility & act to ! ext5t ( its capacity )\t opposition4 ,x (t5 happ5s t p :o are no long] "y are able1 out ( ! fullness ( _! exp]i5ce1 to furni% an illu/ration t w expla9 or /r5g!n an ass]tion2 & ?is is my excuse = relat+ ! foll[+ anecdote4 ,a practis$ diplomati/ :o _h desir$ my acqua9tance1 aft] ! fir/ int]view1 :5 he _h _h b little opportunity ( see+ or conv]s+ ) me1 rem>k$ to 8 fri5ds3 8,voil un homme qui a eu de gr&s *agr9s60 ,^! words set me to ?9k+4 ,! skilful physiognomi/'s eye did n deceive him1 only he laid to ! effect ( suff]+ ! ph5om5on t %\ld also h be5 ascrib$ to opposition4 ,an obs]vant1 /raight=w>d ,g]man might h said1 8,"h is a man :o has _h a v h>d "t ( x40 ,s9ce1 !n1 ! signs ( pa/ endurance & ( p]sev]+ activity d n disappe> f ! face1 x is no wond] if all t rema9s ( u & our /riv+s %\ld be> ! same impress1 & indicate1 to ! att5tive obs]v]1 a mode ( be+ ^: aim has be5 to pres]ve its balance alike "u circum/ances ( happie/ developm5t or n>r[e/ limitation1 & to ma9ta9 ! /ubbornness1 if x c\ld n always ! highe/ dignity1 ( human exi/5ce4 ,b lett+ pass old & new1 pa/ & pres5t1 we may 9 g5]al ass]t t e arti/ic production places u 9 ! same /ate ( m9d ! au?or 0 94 ,if t 0 cle> & bright1 we %all feel free2 if t 0 n>r[1 timid1 or anxi\s1 we %all feel limit$ 9 ! same proportion4 ,^u reflection1 we %\ld add t ?is ref]s only to treatm5t4 ,mat]ial & import d n ent] into consid]ation4 ,if we be> 9 m9d ?is pr9ciple1 & look ar\nd 9 ! _w ( art1 we ma9ta9 t e "w w af=d u pleasure :i* ! arti/ himself produc$ ) ease & facility4 ,:at amateur does n rejoice 9 ! possession ( a successful draw+ or et*+ ( our ,*od[iecki8 ,we see 9 !m su* an imm$iate appreh5sion ( nature1 z we "k x1 t !y leave no?+ to wi% =4 ,b he w\ld n be able to g beyond 8 m>k & l9e1 )\t los+ all ! advantage he d]ives f 8 peculi> qualifications4 ,we %all ev5 g f>!r1 & confess t we h d]iv$ great pleasure f ,mann]i/s1 :5 ! mann] has n be5 c>ri$ too f>1 & t we are pleas$ ) ! possession ( _! works4 ,! arti/s :o h receiv$ ?is "n h be5 gift$ ) uncommon tal5t1 b became e>ly aw>e t1 9 ! /ate ( ! times z well z ( ! s*ools into :i* !y 7 ca/ by fate1 !re 0 no room = m9ute labor1 b t !y mu/ *oose _! "p1 & p]fect !mselves spe$ily4 ,!y !re=e made !mselves a language1 into :i* !y c\ld1 )\t f>!r tr\ble1 translate ) ease & dext]ity all visible subjects1 & exhibit to u repres5tations ( all sorts ( sc5es ) great] or less success4 ,?us :ole nations h be5 ent]ta9$ & hoodw9k$ = long p]iods ( "t1 until at la/ "o or ano!r arti/ has f\nd ! way back to nature & a high] feel+ ( art4 ,we may p]ceive1 by ! ,h]culanean antiquities1 h[ ! anci5ts also fell into ?is k9d ( mann]2 only _! models 7 too great1 too pres5t1 fre%1 & well pres]v$1 = _! second & ?ird rate arti/s to be able to lose !mselves entirely 9 insignificance4 ,let u n[ assume a high] & m agreeable po9t ( view1 & consid] ! tal5t ) :i* ,raphael 0 s s+ul>ly gift$4 ,born ) ! happie/ natural gifts1 at a "t :5 art comb9$ ! mo/ consci5ti\s labor1 att5tion1 indu/ry1 & tru?1 ! "y man 0 already l$ by excell5t ma/]s to ! ?re%old1 & _h only to raise 8 foot to ent] ! temple4 ,discipl9$ by ,p]ug9o 9 ! mo/ c>eful elaboration1 8 g5ius 0 develop$ by ,leon>do da ,v9ci & ,mi*elangelo4 ,nei!r ( ^! arti/s1 9 spite ( _! long life & ! cultivation ( _! p[]s1 seems ev] to h rea*$ ! true enjoym5t ( arti/ic production4 ,! =m]1 if we look closely1 we>i$ himself ) ?\ght1 & dissipat$ 8 p[]s 9 me*anical inquiries2 & we h to blame ! latt] = sp5d+ 8 faire/ ye>s among /one qu>ries1 gett+ out m>ble blocks & slabs1 s t1 in/ead ( c>ry+ out 8 int5tion ( c>v+ all ! h]oes ( ! ,old & ,new ,te/am5t1 he has left only 8 ,moses z an example ( :at he c\ld & %\ld h done4 ,raphael1 h[ev]1 dur+ 8 :ole life1 ev] increas$ 9 ! ev5 facility ( 8 "w4 ,we see 9 him ! developm5t ( ! intellectual & active p[]s1 :i* pres]ve su* rem>kable balance t x may be affirm$ t no mod]n arti/ has possess$ su* purity & complet5ess ( ?\ght & su* cle>ness ( expression4 ,9 him we h ano!r in/ance ( a tal5t t p\rs out to u ! fre%e/ wat] f ! pure/ s\rce4 ,he nev] affects a ,greek mann]1 b feels1 ?9ks1 works l a ,greek4 ,we see ! faire/ tal5t develop$ 9 ! mo/ favorable h\rs4 ,! same ?+ occurr$1 "u l conditions & circum/ances1 9 ! "t ( ,p]icles4 ,x may !re=e always be ma9ta9$ t native tal5t is inde$ indisp5sable to production1 b equally indisp5sable is a comm5surate developm5t 9 ! prov9ces ( nature & art4 ,art _c disp5se ) its pr]ogatives1 & _c a*ieve p]fection )\t favorable outw>d circum/ances4 ,consid] ! s*ool ( ! ,c>acci4 ,"h 0 a gr\nd-"w ( tal5t1 e>ne/ness1 indu/ry1 & consi/5t developm5t2 "h 0 an elem5t = ! natural & arti/ic developm5t ( admirable p[]s4 ,we see a :ole doz5 ( excell5t arti/s produc$ by x1 ea* practis+ & cultivat+ 8 peculi> tal5t accord+ to ! same g5]al idea1 s t x h>dly seems possible t aft] times %\ld produce any?+ simil>4 ,let u consid] ! imm5se /ride made by ! highly gift$ ,rub5s into ! _w ( art6 ,he too 0 no son ( e>?2 look at ! ri* inh]itance he 0 heir to1 f ! old ma/]s ( ! f\rte5? & fifte5? c5turies1 ?r\gh all ! admirable arti/s ( ! sixte5?1 at ! close ( :i* he 0 born4 ,aga91 ?9k ( ! cr[d ( ,dut* pa9t]s ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ^: great abilities f\nd developm5t n[ at home1 n[ s\?1 n[ nor?1 until we c no long] d5y ! incr$ible sagacity ) :i* _! eye pi]c$ into nature1 & ! facility ) :i* !y h succe$$ 9 express+ h] legitimate *>m1 s z to en*ant u ev]y:]e4 ,nay1 9 proportion z we possess _! productions1 we are will+ to limit ourselves = long /ret*es ( "t to _! /udy & admiration1 & are f> f blam+ ^? amateurs :o are cont5t$ ) ! possession & enjoym5t ( ?is class ( pictures exclusively4 ,9 ! same way1 we c\ld br+ a hundr$ examples 9 support ( our ass]tion4 ,to see di/9ctly1 to appreh5d cle>ly1 to imp>t ) facility1--^! are ! qualities t en*ant u2 & :5 we ma9ta9 t all ^! are to be f\nd 9 ! g5u9e ,greek works1 unit$ ) ! noble/ subjects1 ! mo/ un]r+ & p]fect execution1 x w be se5 :y x is we always beg9 & end ) !m4 ,let ea* "o be a ,greek 9 8 own way1 b let him be a ,greek6 ,! same is true ( lit]>y m]it4 ,:at is compreh5sible is always ! fir/ to attract u & give u complete satisfaction4 ,if we ev5 take ! works ( "o & ! same poet1 we %all f9d "s t seem to indicate a degree ( labori\s ef=t1 & o!rs aga9 affect u l natural products1 because ! tal5t 0 comm5surate ) ! =m & import4 ,& once m1 x is our firm belief t al?\gh any age may give bir? to ! faire/ tal5t1 x is n giv5 to all to be able to develop x 9 its p]fect proportions4 ,,notes ,,on ,,dilettantism 7#agii7 ,dilettantism presupposes ,art1 z bot*-"w does h&icraft4--,idea ( ,arti/1 9 opposition to ,dilettante4--,practice ( ,art sci5tifically4--,adoption ( an ,objective ,art4--,legitimate progress & advancem5t4--,call+ & pr(ession4--,connection ) a _w ( ,art & ,arti/s4--,s*ools4 ,! ,dilettante does n hold ! same relation to all ! arts4 ,all ! arts h an objective & a subjective side1 & accord+ z "o or ! o!r ( ^! is pr$om9ant1 ! ,dilettante has value or n4 ,:]e ! subjective ( itself is ( great importance1 ! ,dilettante mu/ & c approximate to ! arti/4 ,= in/ance1 oratory1 lyrical poetry1 music1 dance4 ,:]e ! rev]se is ! case1 !re is a m m>k$ di/9ction betwe5 ,arti/ & ,dilettante1 z 9 ar*itecture1 ! arts ( design1 epic & dramatic poetry4 99 99 99 99 99 ,art itself gives laws1 & comm&s ! "t4 ,dilettantism foll[s ! lead ( ! "t4 ,:5 ma/]s 9 art foll[ a false ta/e1 ! ,dilettante expects s mu* ! soon] to rea* ! level ( art4 ,! ,dilettante1 receiv+ 8 fir/ impulse to self-production f ! effect ( works ( art on him1 conf\nds ^! effects ) ! objective causes & motives1 & w\ld n[ make ! /ate ( feel+ he has be5 put into productive & practical2 z if out ( ! fragrance ( fl[]s "o %\ld try to reproduce fl[]s !mselves4 ,! speak+ to ! feel+s1 ! la/ effect ( all poetical organization1 b :i* presupposes ! concurr5ces ( ! :ole ( art1 seems to ! ,dilettante to be ! ?+ itself1 & out ( x he endeavors to produce4 ,9 g5]al1 ! ,dilettante1 9 8 ignorance ( himself1 puts ! passive 9 ! place ( ! active1 & because he receives a lively impression f effects1 ?9ks f ^! impress$ effects to produce o!r effects4 ,! peculi> want ( ! ,dilettante is ,ar*itectonic1 9 ! highe/ s5se1--t practical p[] :i* creates1 =ms1 con/itutes4 ,( ?is he has only a sort ( misgiv+1 & submits himself to 8 mat]ial1 in/ead ( comm&+ x4 ,x w be f\nd t ! ,dilettante runs p>ticul>ly to neatness1 :i* is ! completion ( ! ?+ 9 h&1 :]efrom a sort ( illusion arises1 z if ! ?+ itself 7 wor?y ( exi/+4 ,! same holds true ( accuracy 7accuratesse71 & all ! la/ conditions ( ,=m1 :i* c j z well accompany ! =mless4 ,g5]al pr9ciples on :i* ,dilettantism is all[able3-- ,:5 ! ,dilettante subjects himself to ! sev]e/ rules at ! outset1 & und]takes to complete all ! successive /eps ) ! greate/ /rictness1--:i* he c ! bett] af=d to d1 inasmu* z 7#a7 ! goal is n dem&$ ( him2 &1 7#b7 if he wi%es to retreat1 he has prep>$ ! sure/ pa? to connoisseur%ip4 ,9 opposition to ! g5]al maxim1 ! ,dilettante w ?us be subject to m sev]e criticism ?an ! ,arti/1 :o1 re/+ ^u a secure basis ( art1 incurs less dang] 9 dep>t+ f rules1 & may ev5 by t means enl>ge ! prov9ce ( art itself4 ,! true arti/ re/s firmly & securely ^u himself4 ,8 endeavor1 8 m>k1 is ! highe/ aim ( art4 ,9 8 own e/imation he w always be f> f t aim1 & necess>ily1 !re=e1 w be always mode/ 9 reg>d to art or ! idea ( art1 & w ma9ta9 t he has z yet accompli%$ little1 no matt] h[ excell5t 8 "w may be1 or h[ high 8 consci\sness ( sup]iority1 9 ref]5ce to ! _w1 may rea*4 ,dilettanti1 or real bot*]s1 seem1 on ! o!r h&1 n to /rive t[>ds an aim1 n to see :at is beyond1 b only :at is beside !m4 ,on ?is acc\nt !y are always comp>+1 are = ! mo/ "p extravagant 9 _! praise1 unskilful :]e !y blame1 h an inf9ite def]5ce = _! l1 ?us giv+ !mselves an air ( fri5dl9ess & fairness1 :i* is 9 fact only to exalt !mselves4 ,dilettantism 9 ,lyrical ,poetry ,! fact t ! ,g]man language 0 9 ! beg9n+ appli$ to poetry1 n by any "o great poetic g5ius1 b ?r\gh m]ely middl+ heads1 mu/ inspire ,dilettantism ) confid5ce to essay itself 9 x4 ,! cultivation ( ,fr5* lit]ature & language has made ev5 ,dilettanti m arti/ic4 ,! ,fr5* 7 always m rigor\s1 t5d$ to sev]] correctness1 & dem&$ ev5 ( ,dilettanti ta/e & _s )91 & ext]nally a faultless diction4--,9 ,engl&1 ,dilettantism held m by ,lat9 & ,greek4--,sonnets ( ! ,italians4 ,impud5ce ( ! late/ ,dilettantism1 orig9at$ & ma9ta9$ ?r\gh rem9isc5ces ( a ri*ly cultivat$ poetic dialect1 & ! facility ( a good me*anical ext]ior4 ,polite lit]ature ( univ]sities1 induc$ by a mod]n me?od ( /udy4--,lady poems4--,s*ngei/]ei 7bel esprit74--,annual ,keepsakes4--,mus5almana*e4--,j\rnals4-- ,beg9n+ & spread ( translations4 ,imm$iate transition f ! classes & ! univ]sity to au?or%ip4--,epo* ( ballads1 & songs ( ! p4--,gessn]1 poetic prose4--,imitation ( ! b>ds4--,brg]'s influ5ce on s+-song4--,rhymeless v]ses4--,klop/ockean odes4--,claudius4--,wiel&'s laxity4--,9 e>li] times3 ,lat9 v]ses2 p$antism2 m h&icraft2 skill1 )\t poetic _s4 ,dilettantism 9 ,pragmatic ,poetry ,reasons :y ! ,dilettante hates ! p[]ful1 ! passionate1 ! *>act]i/ic1 & only repres5ts ! middl+1 ! moral4 ,! ,dilettante nev] pa9ts ! object1 b only ! feel+ x gives rise to 9 him4 ,he avoids ! "* ( ! object4 ,all ,dilettante creations 9 ?is /yle ( poetry w h a pa?ological "*1 & express only ! attractions & repulsions felt by _! au?or4 ,! ,dilettante ?9ks to rea* poetry by means ( 8 wits4 ,dramatic bot*]s g mad :5 !y desire to give effect to _! "w4 ,dilettantism 9 ,dramatic ,art ,fr5* com$y is1 ev5 among amateurs1 obligato1 & a social in/itution4 ,italian amateur-com$y is f\nd$ on a puppet1 or puppet-l1 repres5tation4 ,g]many1 9 =m] times1 ,jesuit-s*ools4 ,9 lat] times3 ,fr5* amateur com$ies1 = aid+ ! cultivation ( ! language1 9 noble h\ses4 ,mix+ up ( ranks 9 ,g]man amateur-com$y4 ,conditions1 "u :i*1 p]haps1 a mod]ate practice 9 !atrical matt]s may be h>mless & all[able1 or ev5 9 "s measure advantage\s3 ,p]man5ce ( ! same company4 ,to avoid passionate pieces1 & *oose su* z are reflective & social4 ,to admit no *ildr5 or v "y p]sons4 ,greate/ possible /rictness 9 outw>d =ms4 ,advantages ( ,dilettantism 9 ,g5]al ,x prev5ts an entire want ( cultivation4 ,dilettantism is a necess>y consequ5ce ( a g5]al ext5sion ( art1 & may ev5 be a cause ( x4 ,x c1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 help to excite & develop a true arti/ic tal5t4 ,elevates h&icraft to a c]ta9 resemblance to art4 ,has a civiliz+ t5d5cy4 ,9 case ( crude ignorance1 x /imulates a c]ta9 ta/e = art1 & ext5ds x to :]e ! arti/ w\ld n be able to rea*4 ,gives occupation to productive p[]1 & cultivates some?+ s]i\s 9 man4 ,appe>ances are *ang$ into ideas4 ,tea*es to analyze impressions4 ,aids ! appropriation & reproduction ( =ms4 ,9 ,lyrical ,poetry ,cultivation ( language 9 g5]al4 ,m manifold int]e/ 89 humanioribus10 9 contra/ to ! crud5ess ( ! ignorant1 or ! p$antic n>r[ness ( ! m]e man ( bus9ess or p$ant4 ,cultivation ( ! feel+s & ( ! v]bal expression ( ! same4 ,! cultivat$ man ought to be able to express 8 feel+s ) poetic beauty4 ,idealization ( concepts reg>d+ objects ( common life4 ,cultivation ( ! imag9ation1 especially z an integral "p ( ! culture ( ! intellect4 ,awak+ & direction ( ! productive imag9ation to ! highe/ functions ( ! m9d 9 ! sci5ces & practical life4 ,cultivation ( ! s5se ( ! rhy?mical4 ,!re be+ no objective laws1 ei!r = ! int]nal or ext]nal con/ruction ( a poem1 ! amateur ought to hold fa/ to ackn[l$g$ models mu* m /rongly ?an ! ma/] does1 & r imitate ! good t exi/s ?an /rive aft] orig9ality2 & 9 ! ext]nal & metrical p>ts1 foll[ /rictly ! well-kn[n g5]al rules4 ,& z ! ,dilettante c only =m himself aft] models1 he ought1 9 ord] to avoid "o-sid$ness1 to acquire ! mo/ univ]sal k ( all models1 & survey ! field ( poetic lit]ature ev5 m p]fectly ?an is requir$ ( ! arti/ himself4 ,9 ! ,dramatic ,art ,opportunity ( f>!r cultivation 9 declamation4 ,att5tion to "o's own repres5tations4 ,p>ticipates 9 ! advantages pr$icat$ ( ,danc+4 ,ex]cise ( ! ,memory4 ,s5su\s att5tion & accuracy4 ,disadvantage ( ,dilettantism 9 ,g5]al ,! ,dilettante jumps ov] ! /eps1 /ops at c]ta9 /eps :i* he reg>ds z ! end1 & f :i* he ?9ks himself ju/ifi$ 9 judg+ ( ! :ole2 ?is prev5ts 8 p]fectibility4 ,he subjects himself to ! necessity ( work+ by false rules1 because he _c "w ev5 z a ,dilettante )\t "s rules1 & he does n und]/& ! true objective rules4 ,he dep>ts m & m f ! tru? ( objects1 & loses himself 9 subjective errors4 ,dilettantism deprives art ( its elem5t1 & spoils art's public by depriv+ x ( its e>ne/ness & /rictness4 ,all t5d5cy to easy cont5tm5t de/roys art1 & ,dilettantism br+s 9 indulg5ce & favor4 ,at ! exp5se ( ! true arti/s1 x br+s into notice ^? t /& ne>e/ to ,dilettantism4 ,) ,dilettantism ! loss is always great] ?an ! ga94 ,f h&icraft ! way is op5 to rise to art1 b n f bot*-"w4 ,dilettantism favors ! indiff]5t1 p>tial1 & *>act]less4 ,injury ,dilettanti d to art by br++ arti/s d[n to _! level4 ,c be> no good arti/ ne> !m4 ,9 all cases :]e ! art itself has no prop] regulative p[]1 z 9 ,poetry1 ! art ( ,g>d5+1 act+1 ! injury ,dilettantism does is great]1 & its pret5sions m arrogant4 ,! wor/ case is t ( hi/rionic art4 ,9 ,lyrical ,poetry ,belletri/ic %all[ness & empt9ess1 )drawal f solid /udies1 or sup]ficial treatm5t4 ,a great] dang] exi/s 9 ?is ?an 9 ! o!r arts ( mi/ak+ a m]ely ,dilettante dext]ity = a true g5ius = art1 & 9 ?is case1 ! subject is worse (f ?an 9 any o!r ,dilettantism1 because its exi/5ce becomes an entire nullity2 = ! poet is no?+ at all except ?r\gh e>ne/ness & con=mity to art4 ,dilettantism 9 g5]al1 b especially 9 poetry1 weak5s ! feel+ & p]ception = ! good t lies beyond x1 & :il/ x is indulg5t to a re/less desire to produce1 :i* leads x to no?+ p]fect1 robs itself ( all ! culture x might d]ive ?r\gh ! p]ception ( =eign excell5ces4 ,poetical ,dilettantism may be ( two sorts4 ,ei!r x neglects ! 7indisp5sable7 me*anical1 & ?9ks en\gh done if x %[s m9d & feel+2 or x seeks poetry only 9 ! me*anical1 acquir+ a te*nical dext]ity !re91 b )\t _s or significance4 ,bo? are injuri\s1 b ! =m] r injures ! art1 & ! latt] ! subject4 ,all ,dilettanti are ,plagi>i/s4 ,!y en]vate & pull to pieces all t is orig9al 9 mann] or matt]1 & at ! same "t imitate1 copy1 & piece out _! own empt9ess ) x4 ,?us ! language gets fill$ ) phrases & =mulae /ol5 f all sides1 :i* h no long] any mean+1 & y may read :ole books writt5 9 a f9e /yle & conta9+ no?+4 ,9 a ^w1 all t is really beautiful & good 9 true poetry is pr(an$1 r5d]$ common1 & degrad$4 ,9 ,pragmatical ,poetry ,all ! disadvantages ( ,dilettantism 9 ,lyrical ,poetry apply "h 9 a f> high] degree4 ,n ! art alone1 b ! subject also1 suff]s m4 ,mix+ up ( diff]5t k9ds4 ,9 ,hi/rionic ,art ,c>icature ( "o's own faulty individuality4 ,incapacitates ! m9d = all occupation1 ?r\gh ! illusion ( a fanta/ic mode ( view+ objects4 ,exp5se ( int]e/ & passion1 )\t fruit4 ,et]nal circle ( monoton\s1 ev] repeat$1 ineffectual activity4 7,!re is no?+ s attractive to ,dilettanti z rehe>sals4 ,pr(essional actors hate !m47 ,special =be>ance & pamp]+ ( !atrical ,dilettanti ) applause4 ,et]nal /imulation t[>ds a passionate condition & behavior1 )\t balance4 ,fe$+ all hateful passions1 ) ! wor/ results = civic & dome/ic exi/5ce4 ,blunt+ ! feel+ = poetry4 ,use ( exalt$ language = commonplace s5tim5ts4 ,a rag-fair ( ?\ghts1 commonplaces1 & descriptions 9 ! memory4 ,p]vad+ affectation & mann]ism1 rea*+ also into life4 ,mo/ injuri\s indulg5ce t[>ds ! indiff]5t & faulty1 9 a public & q p]sonal case4 ,! g5]al tol]ance = ! home-made becomes 9 ?is case m pron\nc$4 ,mo/ p]nici\s use ( amateur com$ies = ! education ( *ildr51 :]e x turns into c>icature4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ! mo/ dang]\s ( all amusem5ts = univ]sities1 c4 ,de/ruction ( ! ideality ( art1 because ! ,dilettante1 n be+ able to raise himself ?r\gh ! appropriation ( arti/ic ideas & traditions1 mu/ d all ?r\gh a pa?ological reality4 ,,! ,,!ory ,,( ,,lit]ature ,,! ,,production ,,( ,a ,,national ,,classic#e 7,lit]>is*] ,sansculottismus7 7#agie7 ,^? :o consid] x an absolute duty to connect def9ite concepts ) ! words :i* !y employ 9 speak+ & writ+ w v r>ely use ! expressions1 8classical au?or0 & 8classical "w40 ,:at are ! conditions t produce a classical national au?or8 ,he mu/1 9 ! fir/ place1 be born 9 a great commonweal?1 :i* aft] a s]ies ( great & hi/oric ev5ts has become a happy & unifi$ nation4 ,he mu/ f9d 9 8 c\ntrym5 l(t9ess ( disposition1 dep? ( feel+1 & vigor & consi/5cy ( action4 ,he mu/ be ?or\ghly p]vad$ ) ! national _s1 & ?r\gh 8 innate g5ius feel capable ( sympa?iz+ ) ! pa/ z well z ! pres5t4 ,he mu/ f9d 8 nation 9 a high /ate ( civilization1 s t he w h no difficulty 9 obta9+ = himself a high degree ( culture4 ,he mu/ f9d mu* mat]ial already collect$ & ready = 8 use1 & a l>ge numb] ( m or less p]fect attempts made by 8 pr$ecessors4 ,& f9ally1 !re mu/ be su* a happy conjuncture ( out] & inn] circum/ances t he w n h to pay de>ly = 8 mi/akes1 b t 9 ! prime ( 8 life he may be able to see ! possibilities ( a great !me & to develop x accord+ to "s uni=m plan into a well-arrang$ & well-con/ruct$ lit]>y "w4 ,if any "o1 :o is end[$ ) cle>ness ( vision & fairness ( m9d1 contra/s ^! conditions "u :i* alone a classic writ]1 especially a classic prose-writ]1 is possible1 ) ! conditions "u :i* ! be/ ,g]mans ( ?is c5tury h work$1 he w respect & admire :at !y h succe$$ 9 do+1 & notice ) tactful regret 9 :at !y h fail$4 ,an important piece ( writ+1 l an important spee*1 c only be ! outgr[? ( actual life4 ,! au?or no m ?an ! man ( action c fa%ion ! conditions "u :i* he is born & "u :i* he acts4 ,ea* "o1 ev5 ! greate/ g5ius1 suff]s 9 "s respects f ! social & political conditions ( 8 age1 j z 9 o!r respects he b5efits by !m4 ,& only f a real nation c a national writ] ( ! highe/ ord] be expect$4 ,x is unfair1 h[ev]1 to reproa* ! ,g]man nation because1 ?\gh closely held toge!r by its geographical position1 x is divid$ politically4 ,we d n wi% = ,g]many ^? political revolutions :i* might prep>e ! way = classical works4 ,& s any criticism :i* approa*es ! "q f su* a false po9t ( view is mo/ unfair4 ,! critic mu/ look at our conditions1 z !y 7 & z !y n[ are2 he mu/ consid] ! individual circum/ances "u :i* ,g]man writ]s obta9$ _! tra9+1 & he w easily f9d ! correct po9t ( view4 ,!re is n[h]e 9 ,g]many a common c5tre ( social culture1 :]e m5 ( lett]s might ga!r toge!r & p]fect !mselves1 ea* "o 9 8 p>ticul> field1 9 con=mity ) ! same /&>d4 ,born 9 ! mo/ widely scatt]$ portions ( ! l&1 educat$ 9 ! mo/ div]se ways1 left almo/ entirely to !mselves or to impressions d]iv$ f ! mo/ v>i$ environm5ts1 c>ri$ away by a special lik+ = ?is or t example ( ,g]man or =eign lit]ature1 ! ,g]man m5 ( lett]s are =c$1 )\t any guidance1 to indulge 9 all sorts ( exp]im5ts1 ev5 9 bot*-"w1 9 ord] to try _! p[]s4 ,only gradually & aft] consid]able reflection d !y realize :at !y ought to d4 ,practice alone tea*es !m :at !y c d4 ,aga9 & aga9 ! bad ta/e ( a l>ge public1 :i* dev\rs ! bad & ! good ) equal pleasure1 leads !m into d\bt4 ,!n aga9 an acqua9tance ) ! educat$ ?\gh widely scatt]$ population ( ! great empire enc\rages !m1 & ! common labors & endeavors ( _! contempor>ies =tify !m4 ,su* are ! conditions "u :i* ,g]man writ]s f9ally rea* man's e/ate4 ,!n conc]n = _! own support1 conc]n = a family1 =ce !m to look ab\t 9 ! _w at l>ge1 & (t5 ) ! mo/ depress+ feel+1 to d "w = :i* !y h no respect !mselves1 9 ord] to e>n a livelihood1 s t !y c devote !mselves to t k9d ( "w ) :i* alone _! cultur$ m9ds w\ld occupy !mselves4 ,:at ,g]man au?or ( note w n recognize himself 9 ?is picture1 & w n confess ) mode/ regret t he (t5 en\gh sigh$ = an opportunity to subord9ate soon] ! peculi>ities ( 8 orig9al g5ius to a g5]al national culture1 :i* un=tunately did n exi/8 ,= =eign cu/oms & lit]atures1 irrespective ( ! _m advantages !y h contribut$ to ! advancem5t ( ! high] classes1 h prev5t$ ! ,g]mans f develop+ soon] z ,g]mans4 ,& n[ let u look at ! "w ( ,g]man poets & prose-writ]s ( recogniz$ ability4 ,) :at c>e & :at devotion did !y n foll[ 9 _! labors an enlight5$ conviction6 ,x is1 = example1 n say+ too mu*1 :5 we ma9ta9 t a capable & indu/ri\s lit]>y critic1 ?r\gh a comp>ison ( all ! editions ( our ,wiel&1--a man ( :om we may pr\dly boa/ 9 spite ( ! sn>l+ ( all our lit]>y p>asites1--c\ld develop ! :ole !ory ( good ta/e simply f ! successive corrections ( ?is au?or1 :o has s indefatigably work$ t[>d 8 own improvem5t4 ,we hope t e libr>ian w take pa9s to h su* a collection made1 :ile x is /ill possible1 & !n ! next c5tury w "k h[ to make grateful use ( x4 ,9 ! future we may p]haps be bold en\gh to lay be=e ! public a hi/ory ( ! developm5t ( our =emo/ writ]s1 z x is %[n 9 _! works4 ,we d n expect any confessions1 b if !y w\ld only !mselves imp>t to u1 z f> z !y see fit1 ^? facts :i* contribut$ mo/ to _! developm5t1 & ^? :i* /ood mo/ 9 ! way ( x1 ! influ5ce ( ! good !y h done w\ld become /ill m f>-rea*+4 ,= if we consid] :at sup]ficial critics take lea/ notice (1--! good =tune :i* "y m5 ( tal5t enjoy n[adays 9 be+ able to develop e>li]1 & to atta9 soon] a pure /yle appropriate to ! subject at h&1--to :om d !y owe x b to _! pr$ecessors 9 ! la/ half ( ?is c5tury1 ea* ( :om 9 8 own way has tra9$ himself ) unceas+ endeavor amid/ all sorts ( h9drances8 ,?r\gh ?is circum/ance a sort ( invisible s*ool has sprung up1 & ! "y man :o n[ ent]s x gets into a mu* l>g] & bright] circle ?an ! e>li] au?or1 :o _h to roam ?r\gh x fir/ himself 9 ! fa9t light ( dawn1 9 ord] to help wid5 x gradually & z x 7 only by *ance4 ,! pseudo-critic1 :o w\ld light ! way = u ) 8 little lamp1 comes mu* too late2 ! day has dawn$1 & we %all n close our %utt]s aga94 ,m5 d n give v5t to _! ill humor 9 good society2 & he mu/ be 9 a v bad humor1 :o at ?is pres5t mom5t1 :5 almo/ ev]ybody writes well1 d5ies t ,g]many has writ]s ( ! fir/ ord]4 ,"o does n ne$ to g f> to f9d an agreeable novel1 a clev] sket*1 a cle>ly writt5 essay on ?is or t subject4 ,:at pro( d n our critical pap]s1 j\rnals1 & comp5ds furni% ( a uni=mly good /yle8 ,! ,g]mans %[ a m & m ?or\gh ma/]y ( facts1 & ! arrangem5t ( ! mat]ial /eadily ga9s 9 cle>ness4 ,a dignifi$ philosophy1 9 spite ( all ! opposition ( wav]+ op9ions1 makes !m m & m acqua9t$ ) _! intellectual p[]s1 & facilitates ! use ( !m4 ,! num]\s examples ( /yle1 ! prelim9>y labors & endeavors ( s _m m51 enable a "y man n[ soon] to pres5t ) cle>ness & grace & 9 an appropriate mann] :at he has receiv$ f )\t & develop$ )9 himself4 ,?us a heal?y & fair-m9d$ ,g]man sees ! writ]s ( 8 nation at a fair /age ( developm5t1 & is conv9c$ t ! public1 too1 w n let itself be misl$ by an ill-humor$ critica/]4 ,su* a "o ought to be b>r$ f society1 f :i* e "o %\ld be exclud$ ^: de/ructive "w might only make productive writ]s di%e>t5$1 ! sympa!tic public li/less1 & ! onlook]s di/ru/ful & indiff]5t4 ,,footnotes3 #e ,reply to a critic :o compla9$ ( 8! pov]ty ( ! ,g]mans 9 great classical prose works10 & indiscrim9ately attack$ all ! writ]s ( ! "t4 ,,goe!',s ,,!ory ,,( ,a ,,_w ,,lit]ature ,i 7#ahbg7 ,ev]y:]e we he> & read ( ! progress ( ! human race1 ( ! broad] view ( int]national & human relations4 ,s9ce x is n my (fice "h to def9e or qualify ^! broad g5]alities1 ,i %all m]ely acqua9t my fri5ds ) my conviction t !re is be+ =m$ a univ]sal _w-lit]ature1 9 :i* an honorable rle is res]v$ = u ,g]mans4 ,all ! nations review our "w2 !y praise1 c5sure1 accept1 & reject1 imitate & misrepres5t u1 op5 or close _! he>ts to u4 ,all ?is we mu/ accept ) equanimity1 s9ce ?is attitude1 tak5 z a :ole1 is ( great value to u4 ,we exp]i5ce ! same ?+ f our own c\ntrym51 & :y %\ld ! nations agree among !mselves if fell[-citiz5s d n und]/& h[ to unite & cop]ate ) ea* o!r8 ,9 a lit]>y s5se we h a good />t ( ! o!r nations2 !y w always be le>n+ to prize u m1 ev5 if !y only %[ x by borr[+ f u )\t ?anks1 & mak+ use ( u )\t giv+ recognition ( ! fact4 ,z ! milit>y & physical /r5g? ( a nation develops f its int]nal unity & cohesion1 s mu/ its /hetic & e?ical /r5g? gr[ gradually f a simil> unanimity ( feel+ & ideas4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 c only be accompli%$ ) "t4 ,i look back z a cop]ator 9 ?is "w ov] _m ye>s & reflect h[ a ,g]man lit]ature has be5 br\ght toge!r out ( het]og5e\s1 if n conflict+1 elem5ts1--a lit]ature :i* = t reason is only peculi>ly "o 9 ! s5se t x is compos$ 9 "o language1--:i*1 h[ev]1 out ( a v>iety ( :olly diff]5t tal5ts & abilities1 m9ds & actions1 criticisms & und]tak+s1 gradually draws out to ! light ( day ! true inn] s\l ( a p4 ,,ii 7#ahbg7 ,my sangu9e sugge/ion t our pres5t active epo* ) its increas+ communication betwe5 ! nations might soon hope = a _w-lit]ature has be5 tak5 up by *ance by our neighbors ( ! we/1 :o inde$ c accompli% great ?+s 9 ?is same direction4 ,!y express !mselves on ! subject 9 ! foll[+ mann]3 ,le ,globe1 ,tome ,v41 ,no4 #ia4 8,e nation inde$1 :5 its turn comes1 feels t t5sion :i*1 l ! attractive p[] ( physical bodies1 draws "o t[>ds ! o!r1 & ev5tually w unite 9 "o univ]sal sympa?y all ! races ( :i* humanity consi/s4 ,! endeavor ( s*ol>s to und]/& "o ano!r & comp>e "o ano!r's "w is by no means new2 ! ,lat9 language 9 =m] times has provid$ an admirable vehicle = ?is purpose4 ,b h[ev] !y labor$ & /rove1 ! b>ri]s by :i* peoples 7 sep>at$ began to divide !m also1 & hurt _! intellectual int]c\rse4 ,! in/rum5t ( :i* !y made use c\ld only satisfy a c]ta9 range & c\rse ( ideas1 s t !y t\*$ ea* o!r only ?r\gh ! intellect1 in/ead ( directly ?r\gh ! feel+s & ?r\gh poetry4 ,travel1 ! /udy ( languages1 p]iodical lit]ature1 h tak5 ! place ( t univ]sal language1 & e/abli% _m intimate & h>moni\s relations :i* x c\ld nev] cultivate4 ,ev5 ! nations t devote !mselves *iefly to trade & indu/ry are mo/ conc]n$ ) ?is ex*ange ( ideas4 ,engl&1 ^: home activity is s trem5d\s1 ^: life is s busy1 t x seems z if x w\ld be able to /udy no?+ b itself1 at ! pres5t "t is %[+ a symptom ( ?is ne$ & desire to broad5 its connection ) ! outside _w & wid5 its horizon4 ,its ,reviews1 ) :i* we are already famili>1 are n en\gh = !m2 two new p]iodicals1 devot$ especially to =eign lit]ature1 & cop]at+ toge!r t[>ds t end1 are to appe> regul>ly40 ,( ! fir/ ( ^! ,engli% j\rnals1 ,! ,=eign ,qu>t]ly ,review1 !re are already two volumes 9 our h&s2 ! ?ird we expect directly1 & we %all 9 ! c\rse ( ^! pages (t5 ref] to ! views ( important m5 :o are giv+ pro(1 ) s mu* insight & indu/ry1 ( _! int]e/ 9 =eign lit]ature4 ,b fir/ ( all we mu/ confess t x made u smile to see1 at ! end ( ! old ye>1 m ?an ?irty lit]>y almanacs 7,tas*5b*]71 already notic$ 9 an ,engli% j\rnal1--n inde$ review$1 b at lea/ ref]r$ to ) "s *>act]i/ic comm5ts4 ,x is pleasant t our productions ( ?is sort meet ) approval & f9d a m>ket ov] !re1 s9ce we are also oblig$ to buy _! simil> works = good money4 ,little by little we %all discov]1 ,i suppose1 :e!r ! balance ( ?is trade turns out to our advantage4 ,b ^! trivial consid]ations mu/ give place to m s]i\s ones4 ,left to itself e lit]ature w exhau/ its vitality1 if x is n refre%$ by ! int]e/ & contributions ( a =eign "o4 ,:at naturali/ does n take pleasure 9 ! wond]ful ?+s t he sees produc$ by reflection 9 a mirror8 ,n[ :at a mirror 9 ! field ( ideas & morals means1 e "o has exp]i5c$ 9 himself1 & once 8 att5tion is ar\s$1 he w und]/& h[ mu* ( 8 education he owes to x4 ,,iii 7#ahbh7 ,! ,ed9burgh ,review1 z well z ! curr5t ,=eign & ,=eign ,qu>t]ly ,reviews1 we c only m5tion briefly "h4 ,^! j\rnals1 z !y w9 an ev] wid] public1 w contribute 9 ! mo/ effective way t[>ds t univ]sal _w-lit]ature = :i* we are hop+4 ,only1 we repeat1 ! idea is n t ! nations %all ?9k alike1 b t !y %all le>n h[ to und]/& ea* o!r1 &1 if !y d n c>e to love "o ano!r1 at lea/ t !y w le>n to tol]ate "o ano!r4 ,sev]al societies n[ exi/ = ! purpose ( mak+ ! ,briti% ,isles acqua9t$ ) ! cont95t1 & are work+ effectively & ) a practical unanimity ( op9ion4 ,we cont95tals c le>n f !m ! intellectual backgr\nd ( ! "t across ! *annel1 :at !y are ?9k+ & :at _! judgm5ts ab\t ?+s are4 ,on ! :ole1 we ackn[l$ge gladly t !y g ab\t ! "w ) int5se s]i\sness1 ) indu/ry & tol]ance & g5]al good-w4 ,! result = u w be t we %all be compell$ to ?9k aga9 ( our own rec5t lit]ature1 :i* we h 9 "s measure already put to "o side1 & to consid] & exam9e x anew4 ,especially wor?y ( notice is _! pr(itable me?od ( />t+ ) any consid]able au?or1 & go+ ov] ! :ole field 9 :i* he work$4 ,! me?ods & mann] ( ^! critics des]ve our consid]ation 9 _m ways4 ,al?\gh v>y+ on _m po9ts1 yet !re is an agreem5t 9 criticism ^u ! ma9 issues1 :i* seems to indicate1 if n a cot]ie1 yet a numb] ( contempor>y critics :o h come to a simil> attitude & po9t ( view4 ,wor?y ( our admiration are ! hone/ & s9c]e application1 ! c>eful labors1 :i* !y devote to survey+ our complex arti/ic & lit]>y _w1 & to look+ ov] x ) a j & fair attitude & vision4 ,we %all hope (t5 to be able to return to !m & _! "w4 ,,iv 7#ahbi7 ,,m ,,ab\t ,a ,,_w ,,lit]ature ,! ,difficulties ,if a _w-lit]ature1 su* z is inevitable ) ! ev]-increas+ facility ( communication1 is to be =m$ 9 ! ne> future1 we mu/ expect f x no?+ m & no?+ diff]5t f :at x c & does accompli%4 ,! wide _w1 ext5sive z x is1 is only an exp&$ fa!rl&1 & w1 if look$ at aright1 be able to give u no m ?an :at our home soil c end[ u ) also4 ,:at pleases ! cr[d spreads itself ov] a limitless field1 &1 z we already see1 meets approval 9 all c\ntries & regions4 ,! s]i\s & intellectual meets ) less success1 b ^? :o are devot$ to high] & m pr(itable ?+s w le>n to "k ea* o!r m quickly & m intimately4 ,= !re are ev]y:]e 9 ! _w su* m51 to :om ! tru? & ! progress ( humanity are ( int]e/ & conc]n4 ,b ! road :i* !y pursue1 ! pace :i* !y keep1 is n to ev]ybody's lik+2 ! p>ticul>ly aggressive wi% to advance fa/]1 & s turn aside1 & prev5t ! fur!r+ ( t :i* !y c\ld promote4 ,! s]i\s-m9d$ mu/ !re=e =m a quiet1 almo/ secret1 company1 s9ce x w\ld be futile to set !mselves aga9/ ! curr5t ( ! day2 r mu/ !y manfully /rive to ma9ta9 _! position till ! flood has pa/4 ,_! pr9cipal consolation1 & inde$ enc\ragem5t1 su* m5 mu/ f9d 9 ! fact t tru? is s]viceable4 ,if !y c discov] ?is relation1 & exhibit its mean+ & influ5ce 9 a vital way1 !y w n fail to produce a p[]ful effect1 inde$ "o t w ext5d ov] a range ( ye>s4 ,! ,enc\ragem5ts ,s9ce x is (t5 pr(itable to pres5t to ! read] n "o's bald ?\ght1 b r to awak5 & /imulate 8 own ?9k+1 x may be useful to recall ! above obs]vation :i* ,i _h occasion to write d[n "s "t ago4 ,! "q :e!r ?is or t occupation to :i* a man devotes himself is useful recurs (t5 en\gh 9 ! c\rse ( "t1 & mu/ come be=e u especially at ?is "t :5 x is no long] p]mitt$ to any "o to live quietly accord+ to 8 ta/es1 satisfi$1 mod]ate1 & )\t dem&s ^u him4 ,! ext]nal _w is s importunate & excit+ t ea* "o ( u is ?reat5$ ) be+ c>ri$ away 9 ! :irlpool4 ,9 ord] to satisfy 8 own ne$s1 ea* "o sees himself compell$ to att5d almo/ in/antane\sly to ! requirem5ts ( o!rs2 & ! "q naturally arises :e!r he has any skill or read9ess to satisfy ^! press+ duties4 ,!re seems to be no?+ left to u to say ?an t only ! pure/ & /ricte/ egoism c save u2 b ?is mu/ be a self-consci\s resolution1 ?or\ghly felt & calmly express$4 ,let ea* "o ask himself = :at he is be/ fitt$1 & let him cultivate ?is mo/ ard5tly & wisely 9 himself & = himself2 let him consid] himself successively z appr5tice1 z j\rneyman1 z old] j\rneyman1 & f9ally1 b ) ! greate/ ( circumspection1 z ma/]4 ,if he c1 ) discrim9at+ mode/y1 increase 8 dem&s on ! ext]nal _w only ) ! gr[? ( 8 own capabilities1 ?us ins9uat+ himself into ! _w's good graces by be+ useful1 !n he w atta9 8 purpose /ep by /ep1 & if he succe$s 9 rea*+ ! highe/ level1 w be able to influ5ce m5 & ?+s ) ease4 ,life1 if he /udies x closely1 w tea* him ! opportunities & ! h9drances :i* pres5t or intrude !mselves ^u him2 b ?is mu* ! man ( practical wisdom w always h be=e 8 eyes3--,to tire oneself out = ! sake ( ! favor ( to-day br+s no pr(it = to-morr[ or aft]4 ,o!r ,consid]ations ,e nation has peculi>ities by :i* x is di/+ui%$ f ! o!rs1 & x is by ^! di/+ui%+ traits t nations are also attract$ to & repell$ f "o ano!r4 ,! ext]nal expressions ( ^! inn] idiosyncrasies appe> to ! o!rs 9 mo/ cases /rik+ly disagreeable1 or1 if endurable1 m]ely amus+4 ,?is is :y1 too1 we always respect a nation less ?an x des]ves4 ,! inn] traits1 on ! o!r h&1 are n kn[n or recogniz$1 by =eign]s or ev5 by ! nation itself2 = ! inn] nature ( a :ole nation1 z well z ! individual man1 works all unconsci\sly4 ,at ! end we wond]1 we are a/\nd$1 at :at appe>s4 ,^! secrets ,i d n pret5d to "k1 mu* less to h ! clev]ness to express !m if ,i did4 ,only ?is mu* w ,i say1--t1 s f> z my insight goes1 ! *>act]i/ic intellectual & spiritual activity ( ! ,fr5* is n[ at its height aga91 & = t reason w ex]cise soon aga9 a great influ5ce on ! civiliz$ _w4 ,i w\ld gladly say m1 b x leads too f>2 "o has to be s detail$ 9 ord] to be und]/ood1 & to make acceptable :at "o has to say4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x 0 n m]ely p]missible b highly admirable t a society ( ,g]mans 0 =m$ = ! special purpose ( /udy+ ,g]man poetry2 s9ce ^! p]sons1 z cultur$ m5 acqua9t$ ) ! o!r fields ( ,g]man lit]ature & politics bo? g5]ally & 9 detail1 7 well qualifi$ to select & judge works ( belles-lettres & use !m z a basis = intellectual1 z well z pleasurable & /imulat+1 conv]sation4 ,"s "o may say t ! be/ lit]ature ( a nation _c be discov]$ or recogniz$1 unless "o br+s home to "o's m9d ! :ole complex ( its circum/ances & social conditions4 ,some?+ ( all ?is c be obta9$ f ! pap]s1 :i* give u en\gh detail$ in=mation ( public affairs4 ,b ?is is n en\gh2 we mu/ add to x :at =eign]s 9 _! critical j\rnals & reviews are accu/om$ to say ab\t !mselves & ab\t o!r nations1 p>ticul>ly ! ,g]mans1--_! ideas & op9ions1 _! int]e/ 9 & reception ( our productions4 ,if "o wi%es1 = in/ance1 to acqua9t oneself ) mod]n ,fr5* lit]ature1 "o %\ld /udy ! lectures :i* h be5 giv5 = ! la/ two ye>s & are n[ appe>+ 9 pr9t1--lectures su* z ,guizot's ,c\rs d'hi/oire mod]ne1 ,villema9's ,c\rs de littrature franaise1 & ,c\s9's ,c\rs de l'hi/oire de la philosophie4 ,! significance !y h bo? at home & = u comes out ?us 9 ! cle>e/ fa%ion4 ,/ill m effective & int]e/+ are p]haps ! frequ5t numb]s & volumes ( ,le ,globe1 ,la ,revue franaise1 & ! daily1 ,le ,temps4 ,none ( ^! c be sp>$1 if we are to keep vividly be=e our eyes bo? sides ( ^! great movem5ts 9 ,france & all ! subsidi>y curr5ts t spr+ f !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,fr5* poetry1 l ,fr5* lit]ature1 is n di/9ct 9 _s f ! life & passions ( ! nation z a :ole4 ,9 rec5t times x appe>s naturally always z ! 8,opposition10 & summons e g5ius to make ! mo/ ( 8 tal5t 9 resi/+ ! 8p[]s t be10 :i* s9ce !y are end[$ ) =ce d n ne$ to be intellectual or spiritual4 ,if we foll[ ?is v]se1 :i* reveals s mu*1 we see deep d[n into ! s\l ( ! nation1 & f ! way 9 :i* !y judge u1 m or less favorably1 we c at ! same "t le>n to judge ourselves4 ,& x c d no h>m to h "s "o make u ?9k ab\t ourselves4 ,:oev] foll[s ! c\rse propos$ above w v quickly become completely in=m$ ( all public affairs & semi-public affairs4 ,9 our pres5t admirably manag$ book-trade x is possible to obta9 books spe$ily1 in/ead ( wait+1 z has (t5 be5 my exp]i5ce1 until ! au?or takes occasion to s5d 8 "w z a gift1 s t ,i h (t5 read ! book long be=e ,i receiv$ x f him4 ,f all ?is x is evid5t t x is no light task to keep 9 t\* ) all ! lit]ature ( ! pres5t day4 ,( ! ,engli%1 z well z ! ,italian1 ,i %all h to speak aga9 m p>ticul>ly1 = !re is mu* m to be said4 ,v 7#ahcj7 ,!re has be5 talk = "s "t ( a g5]al _w-lit]ature1 & inde$ n )\t ju/ice4 ,= ! nations1 aft] !y _h be5 %ak5 into confusion & mutual conflict by ! t]rible w>s1 c\ld n return to _! settl$ & indep5d5t life aga9 )\t notic+ t !y _h le>n$ _m =eign ideas & ways1 :i* !y _h unconsci\sly adopt$1 & _h come to feel "h & !re previ\sly unrecogniz$ spiritual & intellectual ne$s4 ,out ( ?is arose ! feel+ ( neighborly relations1 &1 in/ead ( %utt+ !mselves up z be=e1 !y gradually came to desire ! adoption ( "s sort ( m or less free spiritual int]c\rse4 ,?is movem5t1 x is true1 has la/$ only a %ort "t1 b /ill long en\gh to />t consid]able speculation1 & to acquire f x1 z "o mu/ always f any k9d ( =eign trade1 bo? pr(it & enjoym5t4 ,,on ,,epic ,,& ,,dramatic ,,poetry#f 7#agig7 ,! epic & ! dramatic writ] are bo? subject to ! univ]sal poetic laws1 especially ! law ( unity & ! law ( progressive developm5t4 ,fur!rmore !y bo? deal ) simil> subjects & bo? c use a great v>iety ( motives4 ,! ess5tial diff]5ce consi/s 9 ?is1 t an epic poet n>rates an ev5t z completely pa/1 :ile ! dramati/ pres5ts x z completely pres5t4 ,if "o wi%$ to develop 9 detail f ! nature ( man ^! laws :i* bo? h to foll[1 "o w\ld cont9ually h to keep be=e 8 m9d a rhapsodi/ & an actor1 ea* 9 ! "* ( a poet1 ! =m] surr\nd$ by a circle ( li/5]s quietly foll[+ ) rapt att5tion1 ! latt] by an impati5t ?rong :o h come simply to see & to he>4 ,x w\ld !n n be difficult to d$uce :at is mo/ advantage\s to ei!r ( ^! two =ms ( poetry1 :at subjects ei!r w *oose prem95tly1 nor :at motives ei!r w make use ( mo/ frequ5tly2 z ,i rem>k$ 9 ! beg9n+1 nei!r c lay claim to any "o ?+ exclusively4 ,! subject ( ! epic z well z ( trag$y %\ld be bas$ on ! purely human1 x %\ld be vital1 & x %\ld make an appeal to "o's feel+s4 ,! be/ effect is produc$ :5 ! *>act]s /& ^u a c]ta9 plane ( cultural advancem5t1 s t _! actions are purely ! expression ( _! p]sonality & are n influ5c$ by moral1 political or me*anical consid]ations4 ,! my?s ( ! h]oic times 7 especially useful to ! poets on ^! gr\nds4 ,! epic poem repres5ts m especially action re/rict$ to individuals2 trag$y1 suff]+ re/rict$ to individuals4 ,! epic poem repres5ts man z an ext]nal ag5t1 engag$ 9 battles1 j\rneys1 9 fact 9 e possible k9d ( und]tak+1 & s dem&s a c]ta9 elaborat5ess ( treatm5t4 ,trag$y1 on ! o!r h&1 repres5ts man z an int]nal ag5t1 & ! action1 !re=e1 requires b little space 9 a g5u9e trag$y4 ,!re are five k9ds ( motives3 7#a7 ,progressive1 :i* advance ! action4 ,^! ! drama uses prem95tly4 7#b7 ,retrogressive1 :i* draw ! action away f its goal4 ,^! ! epic poem uses almo/ exclusively4 7#c7 ,ret>d+1 :i* delay ! progress ( ! action or l5g!n its c\rse4 ,bo? epic & tragic poetry use ^! to v great advantage4 7#d7 ,retrospective1 :i* introduce into ! poem ev5ts :i* happ5$ be=e ! "t ( ! poem4 7#e7 ,prospective1 :i* anticipate :at w happ5 aft] ! "t ( ! poem4 ,! epic z well z ! dramatic poet uses ! la/ two k9ds ( motives to make 8 poem complete4 ,! worlds :i* are to be repres5t$ are common to bo?1 namely3-- 7#a7 ,! physical _w1 :i* consi/s fir/ ( all ( ! imm$iate _w to :i* ! p]sons repres5t$ belong & :i* surr\nds !m4 ,9 x ! dramati/ limits himself mo/ly to "o locality1 :ile ! epic poet moves ab\t ) great] fre$om & 9 a l>g] sph]e4 ,secondly1 ! physical _w1 conta9+ ! m remote _w 9 :i* all ( nature is includ$4 ,?is _w ! epic poet1 :o appeals exclusively to ! imag9ation1 makes m intelligible ?r\gh ! use ( similes & metaphors1 :i* figures ( spee* are employ$ m sp>+ly by ! dramati/4 7#b7 ,! moral _w1 :i* is absolutely common to bo?1 &1 :e!r normal or pa?ological1 is be/ repres5t$ 9 its simplicity4 7#c7 ,! _w ( fancies1 =ebod+s1 app>itions1 *ance & fate4 ,?is is available to bo?1 only x mu/ ( c\rse be approximat$ to ! _w ( ! s5ses4 ,9 ?is _w !re arises a special difficulty = u mod]ns1 because we _c easily f9d sub/itutes = ! fabul\s creatures1 gods1 soo?say]s & oracles ( ! anci5ts1 h[ev] mu* we may desire to4 ,if we consid] ! mann] ( treatm5t z a :ole1 we %all f9d ! rhapsodi/1 :o recites :at is completely pa/1 appe>+ z a wise man1 ) calm delib]ation survey+ ! ev5ts4 ,x w be ! purpose ( 8 recital to get 8 he>]s into an ev5 frame ( m9d1 s t !y w li/5 to him long & will+ly4 ,he w divide ! int]e/ ev5ly1 because x is impossible = him to c\nt]act quickly a too vivid impression4 ,he w1 accord+ to 8 pleasure1 g back 9 po9t ( "t or anticipate :at is to come4 ,we may foll[ him ev]y:]e1 = he makes 8 appeal only to ! imag9ation1 :i* orig9ates its own images & :i* is to a c]ta9 ext5t indiff]5t z to :i* images are call$ up4 ,! rhapsodi/ z a high] be+ ought n to appe> himself 9 8 poem2 he w\ld read be/ ( all beh9d a curta91 s t we may sep>ate ev]y?+ p]sonal f 8 "w1 & may believe we are he>+ only ! voice ( ! ,muses4 ,! actor repres5ts ! v rev]se ( ?is4 ,he pres5ts himself z a def9ite individuality4 ,x is 8 desire to h u take int]e/ exclusively 9 him & 9 8 imm$iate surr\nd+s1 s t we may feel ) him ! suff]+s ( 8 s\l & ( 8 body1 may %>e 8 emb>rassm5ts & =get ourselves 9 him4 ,to be sure he1 too1 w proce$ by degrees1 b he c risk f> m vivid effects1 because by 8 actual pres5ce be=e ! eyes ( ! audi5ce he c neutralize a /rong] impression ev5 by a weak] "o4 ,! s5ses ( spectators & li/5]s mu/ be con/antly /imulat$4 ,!y mu/ n rise to a contemplative frame ( m9d1 b mu/ foll[ eag]ly2 _! imag9ation mu/ be completely suppress$2 no dem&s mu/ be made ^u x2 & ev5 :at is n>rat$ mu/ be vividly br\ght be=e _! vision1 z x 71 9 t]ms ( action4 ,,footnotes3 #f ,by ,goe! & ,s*ill]4 ,,supplem5t ,,to ,,ari/otle',s ,,poetics#g 7#ahbg7 ,e "o :o has conc]n$ himself at all ab\t ! !ory ( poetic art--& ( trag$y 9 p>ticul>--w rememb] a passage 9 ,ari/otle :i* has caus$ ! comm5tators mu* difficulty1 )\t _! ev] hav+ be5 able to conv9ce !mselves :olly ( its mean+4 ,9 8 def9ition ( trag$y ?is great writ] seems to dem& ( x t1 ?r\gh ! repres5tation ( /irr+ de$s & ev5ts1 :i* %\ld ar\se pity & fe>1 ! s\l ( ! spectator %\ld be purifi$ ( ^! passions4 ,my ?\ghts & convictions 9 reg>d to ?is passage ,i c be/ imp>t by a translation ( x3-- 8,trag$y is ! imitation ( a significant & complete action1 :i* has a c]ta9 ext5sion 9 "t & is portray$ 9 beautiful language by sep>ate individuals1 ea* ( :om plays a rle1 in/ead ( hav+ all repres5t$ by "o p]son z 9 ! n>ration ( a /ory or epic4 ,aft] a c\rse ( ev5ts ar\s+ pity & fe>1 ! action closes ) ! equilibration ( ^! passions40 ,9 ! =ego+ translation1 ,i believe ,i h made ?is hi!rto dubi\s passage cle>2 x w only be necess>y to add ! foll[+ rem>ks3 ,c\ld ,ari/otle1 not)/&+ 8 always objective mann]1--z1 = in/ance1 "h1 :]e he seems to be speak+ exclusively ( ! te*nique ( trag$y1--be really ?9k+ ( ! effect1 inde$ ! di/ant effect1 ^u ! spectator8 ,by no means6 ,he speaks cle>ly & def9itely3 ,:5 ! c\rse ( action is "o ar\s+ pity & fe>1 ! trag$y mu/ close on ! /age ) an equilibration1 a reconciliation1 ( ^! emotions4 ,by 8ca?>sis10 he und]/&s ?is reconcil+ culm9ation1 :i* is dem&$ ( all drama1 inde$ ( all poetical works4 ,?is occurs 9 ! trag$y ?r\gh a k9d ( human sacrifice1 :e!r x be rigidly work$ out ) ! dea? ( ! victim1 or1 "u ! influ5ce ( a favor+ div9ity1 be satisfi$ by a sub/itute1 z 9 ! case ( ,abraham & ,agamemnon4 ,b ?is reconciliation1 ?is release1 is necess>y at ! end if ! trag$y is to be a p]fect "w ( art4 ,?is release1 on ! o!r h&1 :5 effect$ ?r\gh a favorable or desirable outcome1 r makes ! "w resemble an int]m$iate species ( art1 z 9 ! return ( ,alce/is4 ,9 com$y1 on ! contr>y1 = ! cle>+ up ( all complications1 :i* 9 !mselves are ( little significance f ! po9t ( view ( ar\s+ fe> & hope1 a m>riage is usually introduc$2 & ?is1 ev5 if x does n end life completely1 does make 9 x an important & s]i\s break4 ,nobody wants to die1 ev]ybody to m>ry2 & 9 ?is lies ! half-jocose1 half-s]i\s diff]5ce betwe5 trag$y & com$y 9 practical /hetics4 ,we %all p]ceive fur!r t ! ,greeks did make use ( _! 8trilogy0 = su* a purpose2 = !re is no l(ti] 8ca?>sis0 ?an ! dipus ( ,kolonus1 :]e a half-guilty del9qu5t1--a man :o1 ?r\gh a demonic /ra9 9 8 nature1 ?r\gh ! sombre vehem5ce z well z greatness ( 8 "*1 & ?r\gh a head/rong c\rse ( action1 puts himself at ! m]cy ( ! ev]-inscrutable1 unalt]able p[]s1--plunges himself & 8 family into ! deepe/1 irrep>able mis]y1 & yet f9ally1 aft] hav+ made atonem5t & rep>ation1 is rais$ to ! company ( ! gods1 z ! auspici\s protect+ _s ( a region1 rev]$ ) special sacrifices & s]vices4 ,"h we f9d ! pr9ciple ( ! great ma/]1 t ! h]o ( a trag$y mu/ be reg>d$ & repres5t$ nei!r z :olly guilty nor z :olly innoc5t4 ,9 ! fir/ case ! ca?>sis w\ld m]ely result f ! nature ( ! /ory1 & ! murd]$ wret* w\ld appe> only to h escap$ ! common ju/ice :i* w\ld h fall5 ^u him anyway by law4 ,9 ! second case1 x is n feasible ei!r2 = !n !re w\ld seem to fall on human p[] or fate ! weight ( an all too heavy burd5 ( inju/ice4 ,b on ?is subject ,i d n wi% to wax polemical1 any m ?an on any o!r2 ,i h only to po9t out "h h[ up to ! pres5t "t p h be5 incl9$ to put up ) a dubi\s int]pretation ( ?is passage4 ,ari/otle _h said 9 ! ,politics t music c\ld be made use ( 9 education = e?ical purposes1 s9ce by means ( ! sacr$ melodies ! m9ds ( ^? rais$ to fr5zy by ! orgies 7 quiet$ & soo!d aga92 ?us he ?\ght o!r emotions & passions c\ld be calm$ & equilibrat$4 ,t ! argum5t "h is f analog\s cases we _c d5y2 yet we ?9k !y are n id5tical4 ,! effect ( music dep5ds on its p>ticul> "*1 z ,h&el has work$ out 9 8 8,alex&]'s ,fea/10 & z we c see evid5c$ at e ball1 :]e p]haps aft] a *a/e & dignifi$ polonaise1 a waltz is play$ & :irls ! :ole company ( "y p away 9 a bac*ic fr5zy4 ,= music1 l all ! arts1 has little p[] directly to influ5ce morality1 & x is always wrong to dem& su* results f !m4 ,philosophy & ,religion alone c accompli% ?is4 ,if piety & duty mu/ be /imulat$1 ! arts c only casually effect ?is /imulation4 ,:at !y c accompli%1 h[ev]1 is a s(t5+ ( crude mann]s & morals2 yet ev5 ?is may1 on ! o!r h&1 soon deg5]ate into effem9acy4 ,:oev] is on ! pa? ( a truly moral & spiritual self-cultivation1 w feel & ackn[l$ge t trag$y & tragic romance d n quiet & satisfy ! m9d1 b r t5d to unsettle ! emotions & :at we call ! he>t1 & induce a vague1 unquiet mood4 ,y\? is apt to love ?is mood & is = t reason passionately devot$ to su* productions4 ,we n[ return to our orig9al po9t1 & repeat3 ,ari/otle speaks ( ! te*nique ( trag$y1 9 ! s5se t ! poet1 mak+ x ! object ( 8 att5tion1 contrives to create some?+ pleas+ to eye & e> 9 a c\rse ( a complet$ action4 ,if ! poet has fulfill$ ?is purpose & 8 duty on 8 side1 ty+ toge!r 8 knots ( mean+ & unravel+ !m aga91 ! same process w pass be=e ! m9d ( ! spectator2 ! complications w p]plex him1 ! solution enlight5 him1 b he w n g home any ! bett] = x all4 ,he w be incl9$ p]haps1 if he is giv5 to reflection1 to be amaz$ at ! /ate ( m9d 9 :i* he f9ds himself at home aga9--j z frivol\s1 z ob/9ate1 z zeal\s1 z weak1 z t5d] or z cynical z he 0 :5 he w5t out4 ,on ?is po9t we believe we h said all we c until a fur!r work+ out ( ! :ole subject makes x possible to und]/& x m cle>ly4 ,,footnotes3 #g 8,i h j re-read ! ,poetics ( ,ari/otle ) ! greate/ pleasure2 intellig5ce 9 its highe/ manife/ation is a f9e ?+4 ,x is really rem>kable h[ ,ari/otle limits himself entirely to exp]i5ce1 & s appe>s1 if p]haps some:at mat]ial1 = ! mo/ "p all ! m solid4 ,x 0 also /imulat+ to me to see ) :at lib]ality he always %ields ! poet aga9/ ! fault-f9d]s & ! hyp]critical1 h[ he always insi/s on ess5tials1 & 9 ev]y?+ else is s lax t 9 m ?an "o place ,i 0 simply amaz$4 ,x is ?is t makes 8 :ole view ( poetry1 & especially ( 8 favorite =ms1 s vivify+ t ,i %all soon take up ! book aga91 especially 9 reg>d to "s important passages :i* are n q cle> & ! mean+ ( :i* ,i wi% to inve/igate fur!r40--,goe! to ,s*ill]1 ,april #bh1 #agig4 ,,on ,,! ,,g]man ,,!atre 7#ahae7 ,n[ t ! ,g]man /age1 z "o ( our be/ national in/itutions1 is em]g+ f an un=tunate n>r[ness & seclusion into fre$om & vitality1 wise directors are ex]t+ !mselves to produce an effect on a wide public1 & n to conf9e !mselves1 h[ev] e>ne/ly1 to any s+le in/itution4 ,poets1 actors1 manag]s1 & public w come to a bett] & bett]' mutual und]/&+1 b 9 ! gratification ( ! mom5t !y mu/ n =get :at _! pr$ecessors accompli%$4 ,only ^u a rep]tory :i* includes old] plays c a national !atre be f\nd$4 ,i hope t ! foll[+ words w h a favorable reception1 s t ! au?or's c\rage w be /imulat$ & he w come =w>d f "t to "t ) simil> sugge/ions4 ,a ,plan ( ,s*ill]'s1 & ,:at ,came ( ,x ,:5 ! lam5t$ ,s*ill]1 ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! c\rt1 ! solicitations ( society1 & ! incl9ations ( 8 fri5ds1 0 mov$ to *ange 8 place ( resid5ce f ,j5a to ,weim>1 & to r5\nce t seclusion 9 :i* until !n he _h wrapt himself1 he _h ! !atre at ,weim> p>ticul>ly 9 8 m9d1 & he decid$ to devote 8 att5tion c>efully & closely to ! productions !re4 ,& su* a n>r[+ ( 8 field ! poet ne$$1 = 8 extraord9>y g5ius f 8 y\? up _h s\ght ! heights & ! dep?s4 ,! p[] ( 8 imag9ation1 8 poetical activity1 _h l$ him ov] a great range2 b 9 spite ( ! ardor ) :i* 8 m9d trav]s$ ?is broad range1 ) fur!r exp]i5ce x c\ld n escape 8 cle> insight t ^! qualities mu/ necess>ily lead him a/ray 9 ! field ( ! !atre4 ,at ,j5a 8 fri5ds _h be5 witness to ! p]sev]ance & resolute det]m9ation ) :i* he occupi$ himself ) 8,wall5/e940 ,?is subject1 :i* kept exp&+ at ! h&s ( 8 g5ius1 0 work$ out1 knit toge!r1 revis$1 9 num]\s ways1 until he saw at la/ t x w\ld be necess>y to divide ! piece into ?ree p>ts1 z 0 !reupon done4 ,& aft]w>ds he did n cease to make alt]ations1 9 ord] t ! pr9cipal sc5es might acquire all ! effect t 0 possible4 ,! result 01 h[ev]1 t ! ,dea? ( ,wall5/e9 0 giv5 (t5] on all /ages ?an ! ,camp & ! ,piccolom9i4 ,don ,c>los _h be5 cond5s$ /ill e>li] = ! /age2 & :oev] w comp>e ?is play1 z x is produc$1 ) ! e>li] pr9t$ edition1 w recognize ! same labori\s *anges4 ,= ?\gh ,s*ill] 9 sket*+ out ! plan ( 8 "w felt b\nd by no limitations1 9 a lat] revision = !atrical purposes he _h ! c\rage1 z a result ( 8 convictions1 to adapt x /r+5tly1 yes ev5 m]cilessly1 to ! practical exig5cies ( ! situation4 ,^! meant a def9ite limitation ( "t2 all ! pr9cipal sc5es _h to pass be=e ! eyes ( ! audi5ce 9 a c]ta9 p]iod ( "t4 ,all ! o!r sc5es he omitt$1 & yet he c\ld nev] really conf9e himself to ! space ( ?ree h\rs4 ,! ,robb]s1 ,intrigue & ,love1 ,fiesco1 productions ( an aggressive y\?ful impati5ce & indignation at a sev]e & conf9+ tra9+1 _h to und]go _m alt]ations = ! /age-production :i* 0 eag]ly dem&$ by ! public & especially ! "y m54 ,ab\t !m all he w\ld speculate :e!r x 0 n possible to assimilate !m to a m ref9$ ta/e1 a ta/e su* z he _h tra9$ himself s9ce to feel4 ,on ?is po9t he 0 accu/om$ to take long & detail$ c\nsel ) himself1 9 long sleepless nights1 & sometimes on pleasant ev5+s 9 talks ) 8 fri5ds4 ,c\ld ^! discussions & sugge/ions h be5 pres]v$ by a %or?& writ]1 we %\ld h possess$ a notewor?y contribution to productive criticism4 ,b ev5 m valuable w disc]n+ read]s f9d ,s*ill]'s own rem>ks ab\t ! project$ & inde$ comm5c$ 8,demetrius10 :i* f9e example ( p5etrat+ & critical creative ability is pres]v$ = u 9 ! supplem5t to 8 works4 ,! ?ree plays m5tion$ above1 h[ev]1 we decid$ n to t\*1 = :at is (f5sive 9 !m is too closely b\nd up ) _! cont5ts & =m2 & we _h to tru/ to =tune 9 transmitt+ !m to po/]ity j z !y _h sprung f a p[]ful & biz>re g5ius4 ,s*ill]1 f9ely matur$1 _h n att5d$ _m p]=mances1 :5 8 active m9d1 consid]+ ! situation & tak+ a compreh5sive view ( ?+s1 got ! idea t :at _h be5 done to 8 own works c\ld be done 9 ! case ( o!r m5's4 ,s he drew up a plan :]eby ! "w ( e>li] playwrights might be pres]v$ = ! ,g]man !atre1 )\t prejudice to contempor>y writ]s1--! accept$ mat]ial1 ! cont5ts ( ! works *os51 to be adapt$ to a =m :i* %\ld be p>tly det]m9$ by ! requirem5ts ( ! /age & p>tly by ! ideas & _s ( ! pres5t "t4 ,= ^! reasons he decid$ to devote ! h\rs :i* 7 left him f 8 own "w to con/ruct+ plans1 9 company ) cong5ial fri5ds1 :]eby plays :i* _h a significance = our age might be revis$1 & a true ,g]man ,!atre f\nd$1--n only = ! b5efit ( ! read]1 :o w\ld come to "k fam\s plays f a new /&po9t1 b also = ! b5efit ( ! num]\s !atres ( ,g]many1 :i* w\ld be giv5 ! opportunity ( /r5g!n+ _! rep]tories by lay+ a solid f\ndation ( old] works "u ! ephem]al productions ( ! day4 ,9 ord] !n to f\nd ! ,g]man ,!atre on true ,g]man soil1 x 0 ,s*ill]'s int5tion to revise ,klop/ock's ,h]manns ,s*la*t4 ,! play 0 tak5 up1 b ! fir/ consid]ation ( x produc$ mu* d\bt 9 8 m9d4 ,s*ill]'s judgm5t 0 9 g5]al v lib]al1 b at ! same "t indep5d5t & critical4 ,! ideal dem&s :i* ,s*ill] accord+ to 8 nature 0 oblig$ to make 7 n satisfi$1 & ! piece 0 soon laid aside4 ,pres5t-day criticism requires no h9ts 9 ord] to discov] ! gr\nds = ! decision4 ,t[>ds ,less+'s "w ,s*ill] _h a s+ul> attitude4 ,he did n c>e p>ticul>ly = x1--inde$1 ,emilia ,galotti 0 repugnant to him4 ,yet ?is trag$y z well z ,m9na von ,b>nhelm 0 accept$ 9 ! rep]tory4 ,he !n devot$ himself to ,na?an d] ,weise1 & 9 ?is revision1 9 :i* he 0 glad to h ! cop]ation ( disc]n+ fri5ds1 ! piece is play$ to ?is day1 & x w be reta9$ on ! bo>ds1 because able actors w always be f\nd :o feel !mselves equal to ! rle ( ,na?an4 ,& may ! ,g]man public rememb] always t x is call$ n only to witness ?is well-kn[n piece1 s excell5tly /ag$1 b also to he> x & to und]/& x6 ,may !re nev] come a "t :5 ! div9e _s ( tol]ation & =be>ance conta9$ 9 x w cease to be sacr$ to ! nation4 ,! pres5ce ( ! di/+ui%$ ,iffl& 9 #agif gave occasion = ! %ort5+ ( ,egmont to ! =m 9 :i* x is n[ giv5 "h & 9 sev]al places at pres5t4 ,t ,s*ill] r mutilat$ x 9 8 revision is indicat$ by a comp>ison ( ! foll[+ sc5es ) ! pr9t$ play itself4 ,! public 0 annoy$ at ! omission ( ! ,pr9cess1 = in/ance2 yet !re is 9 ,s*ill]'s "w su* a consi/5cy t no "o has d>$ to attempt to alt] ! piece = fe> t o!r errors & misadju/m5ts might creep into its pres5t =m4 ,egmont 7,fir/ ,act7 ,9 an op5 squ>e1 cross-b[ %oot]s4 ,"o ( ,egmont's m5 is be+ elevat$ to ! po/ ( capta91 ?r\gh 8 skill 9 %oot+1 & 8 heal? & t ( ! "l are be+ drunk2 public affairs are discuss$1 & ! *>act]s ( di/+ui%$ p]sons4 ,! disposition ( ! p beg9s to %[ itself4 ,o!r citiz5s come 92 unre/ is reveal$4 ,a lawy] jo9s !m1 & beg9s to discuss ! lib]ties ( ! p4 ,diss5t & qu>rels foll[4 ,egmont ent]s1 quiets 8 m51 & ?reat5s ! tr\ble-mak]4 ,he exhibits himself z an honor$ & popul> pr9ce4 7,second ,act7 ,egmont & 8 private secret>y1 ?r\gh ^: disc\rse "o cat*es a glimpse ( ! lib]al1 indep5d5t1 audaci\s _s ( ! h]o4 ,orange attempts to inculcate caution into 8 fri5d1 & s9ce ^w has come ( ! arrival ( ! ,duke ( ,alva1 tries to p]suade him to flee2 b all 9 va94 7,?ird ,act7 ,! citiz5s 9 fe> ( ! imp5d+ dang]2 ! lawy] =etells ,egmont's fate2 ! ,spani% wat* ent]s1 & ! p scatt]4 ,9 a room 9 "o ( ! h\ses we f9d ,kla]*5 ?9k+ ( h] love = ,egmont4 ,%e seeks to spurn ! affection ( h] lov] ,brack5burg1 !n proce$s ) m+l$ pleasure & dread to ?9k ( h] relations ) ,egmont2 he ent]s1 & all is joy & happ9ess4 7,f\r? ,act7 ,! ,palace4 ,alva's "* becomes evid5t ?r\gh 8 measures2 ,f]d9&1 8 natural son1 :o is attract$ by ! p]sonality ( ,egmont1 is ord]$ to take him prison]1 9 ord] t he himself may become accu/om$ to tyranny4 ,egmont & ,alva 9 conv]sation2 ! =m] frank & op51 ! latt] res]v$ & at ! same "t tries to irritate ,egmont4 ,! latt] is arre/$4 ,brack5burg on ! /reet2 twilight4 ,kla]*5 wi%es to incite ! citiz5s to lib]ate ,egmont1 b !y )draw 9 al>m2 ,brack5burg1 alone ) ,kla]*51 attempts to calm h]1 b 9 va94 7,fif? ,act7 ,kla]*5 alone 9 a room4 ,brack5burg br+s ! news ( prep>ations = ,egmont's execution4 ,kla]*5 takes poison1 ,brack5burg ru%es away1 ! lamp goes out1 signify+ t ,kla]*5 has pass$ away4 ,! prison1 ,egmont alone4 ,! s5t5ce ( dea? is ann\nc$ to him4 ,sc5e ) ,f]d9&1 8 "y fri5d4 ,egmont1 alone1 falls asleep4 ,vision ( ,kla]*5 9 ! backgr\nd4 ,he is wak$ by drums1 & foll[s ! wat*1 almo/ ) ! air ( ! comm&] himself4 ,conc]n+ ! la/ appe>ance ( ,kla]*51 op9ions are divid$2 ,s*ill] 0 oppos$ to x1 ! au?or 9 favor ( x2 ! public w n all[ x to be omitt$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,s9ce ! pres5t discussion does n attempt to deal ) plays *ronologically b ) ref]5ce to o!r consid]ations1 & p>ticul>ly f ! /&po9t ( au?or & adapt]1 ,i %all turn next to ,/ella1 :i* also owes its appe>ance 9 ! !atre to ,s*ill]4 ,s9ce ! action ( ! piece is unimpassion$ & smoo?1 he left x sub/antially un*ang$1 only %ort5+ ! dialogue "h & !re1 especially :5 x seem$ to be pass+ f ! dramatic to ! idyllic & elegiac4 ,= j z !re may be too _m incid5ts 9 a piece1 s !re may be too great an expression ( feel+4 ,s ,s*ill] resi/$ ! enticem5ts ( _m *>m+ passages & /ruck !m rel5tlessly out4 ,well-/ag$1 ! piece 0 pres5t$ on ,janu>y #ae1 #ahjf1 = ! fir/ "t1 & repeat$4 ,x soon became evid5t t1 accord+ to our cu/oms1 :i* are f\nd$ /rictly on monogamy1 ! relation ( a man to two wives1 especially z x appe>$ 9 ?is play1 0 n to be reconcil$1 & = t reason 0 only fit mat]ial = trag$y4 ,= t reason ! attempt ( ! intellig5t ,cecilie to h>monize ! incongruities prov$ futile4 ,! piece took a tragic turn1 & end$ 9 a way t satisfi$ ! emotions & elevat$ ! feel+s4 ,at pres5t ! piece is q compet5tly act$1 & consequ5tly receives ! mo/ unqualifi$ applause4 ,b a sweep+ assurance ( ?is k9d c h>dly be ( practical utility to ! playh\ses :i* int5d to put on ! piece2 & ,i !re=e add 9 detail "s fur!r & necess>y consid]ations4 ,! rle ( ,f]n&o e actor1 n too "y1 w be glad to und]take1 actors1 t is1 :o are fitt$ to h]oic or lov]s' rles1 & !y w try to express ) all ! emotion & effect possible1 ! impassion$ dilemma 9 :i* !y are plac$4 ,! allotm5t ( ! fem99e rles is m difficult4 ,!re are five ( !m1--c>efully diff]5tiat$ & contra/$ *>act]s4 ,! actress :o und]takes ! rle ( ,/ella mu/ depict to u n only h] inde/ructible affection1 h] passionate love1 h] gl[+ en?usiasm1 b mu/ also make u %>e h] feel+1 & c>ry u along ) h]4 ,cecilie1 :o at fir/ appe>s weak & repress$1 mu/ soon leave ?is all beh9d h]1 & appe> be=e u z a high-spirit$ h]o9e ( c\rage & intellig5ce4 ,lucia repres5ts a p]son :o 9 ! mid/ ( an easy & com=table life has cultivat$ h] tal5ts indep5d5tly1 does n feel ! out] pressures :i* =ce !mselves ^u h]1 b r ca/s !m (f4 ,n a trace ( priggi%ness or conceit %\ld appe>4 ,! po/mi/ress is no qu>relsome old woman1 b a "y1 *e]ful1 active wid[1 :o w\ld l to m>ry aga9 only 9 ord] to be bett] obey$4 ,ann1 if possible1 %\ld be act$ by a little *ild4 ,9 ! m\? ( a *ild1 if %e speaks cle>ly1 ! decisiv5ess ( :at %e has to say s\nds extremely well4 ,if ! prop] contra/s & %ad+ are giv5 to all ^! *>act]s1 ?is trag$y w n miss its effect4 ,! fir/ act1 :i* portrays ext]nal life1 %\ld be ma/]$ ) extraord9>y c>e & ?or\ghness1 & ev5 ! unimportant incid5ts ought to betray a c]ta9 arti/ic fitness4 ,! s\nd+ ( ! po/horn twice1 = in/ance1 produces an agreeable & ev5 arti/ic effect4 ,! /ew>d also %\ld n be imp]sonat$ by a m$iocre b by an excell5t actor1 :o w play ! rle ( ! k9dly old man call$ to a lov]'s aid4 ,if "o consid]s ! incr$ible advantage :i* ! compos] has 9 be+ able to indicate 9 8 score all 8 wi%es & int5tions by a ?\s& words & signs1 "o w p>don ! dramatic poet also if he seeks to enjo9 ^u ! directors & manag]s :at he holds indisp5sable = ! success ( 8 "w4 ,die ,laune des ,v]liebt5 0 produc$ at ! !atre 9 ,m>*1 #ahje1 j :5 ?is little piece 0 =ty ye>s old4 ,9 x ev]y?+ dep5ds on ! rle ( ,egle4 ,if a v]satile actress c be f\nd :o expresses ! "* p]fectly1 !n ! piece is safe1 & is witness$ ) pleasure4 ,"o ( our mo/ agreeable & *>m+ actresses1 :o 0 go+ to ,breslau1 took x to ! !atre !re4 ,an +5i\s writ] made use ( ! idea ( ! "* & compos$ sev]al pieces ) ?is motive = ! actress4 ,/ella is also at pres5t well receiv$ 9 ,b]l94 ,"h ,i v5ture to make an obs]vation :i* seems to me wor? c>eful consid]ation on ! "p ( /age-manag]s4 ,if "o tries to discov] j :y c]ta9 pieces1 to :i* "s wor? is n to be d5i$1 ei!r are nev] produc$ or else1 ev5 :5 !y make a good impression = a "t1 yet little by little disappe> f ! bo>ds1 "o w f9d t ! cause lies nei!r ) ! piece nor ) ! public1 b t ! necess>y actors are lack+4 ,= ?is reason x is advisable t pieces %\ld n be laid entirely aside or dropp$ f ! rep]tory4 ,r let !m be kept con/antly 9 m9d1 ev5 if !re is no opportunity to give !m = ye>s4 ,!n :5 ! "t comes t ! rles c be adequately fill$ aga91 "o does n lose ! *ance ( mak+ an excell5t impression4 ,?us1 = in/ance1 ! ,g]man !atre w\ld exp]i5ce a great *ange if a figure l ! fam\s ,seyl]9 %\ld appe>1 ) a g5u9e dramatic tal5t tra9$ accord+ to our mod]n requirem5ts4 ,spe$ily w\ld ,m$ea1 ,semiramis1 ,agripp9a & o!r h]o9es1 :i* we ?9k ( z s colossal1 be resurrect$ f ! grave2 o!r rles besides w\ld be trans=m$4 ,?9k only ( su* a figure z ,ors9a1 & ,emilia ,galotti is q ano!r play2 ! ,pr9ce is exon]at$ z soon z "o realizes t s p[]ful & imp]i\s a p]son is ! encumbrance ^u 8 %\ld]s4 ,we turn n[ to ! ,mits*uldig54 ,t x has a c]ta9 dramatic value may be inf]r$ f ! fact t1 at a "t :5 all ,g]man actors seem$ afraid ( rhy?m & rhyme1 x 0 turn$ into prose & produc$ at ! !atre1 :]e x c\ld n ma9ta9 itself because a pr9cipal feature1 ! poetic rhy?m & ! rhyme1 0 lack+4 ,b n[1 :5 ! actors are m skill$ 9 bo?1 ?is attempt c\ld be made4 ,"s ( its crudities 7 remov$1 "s ar*aic t\*es mod]niz$1 & ?us x cont9ues to hold ! bo>ds /ill if ! ca/ is good4 ,x 0 put on at ! same "t z ,die ,laune des ,v]liebt51 9 ,m>*1 #ahje4 ,s*ill] made _m sugge/ions = ! production1 b he did n live to see ! ,raetsel produc$ 9 ,septemb] ( ! same ye>4 ,?is _h a great success1 b ! au?or desir$ to rema9 anonym\s = a long "t4 ,aft]w>ds1 h[ev]1 he publi%$ a sequel1 & ! two pieces help to support ea* o!r4 ,let u n hesitate 9 ! ,g]man !atre1 :]e !re appe>s s mu* v>iety besides1 to place side by side pieces ( simil> motive & atmosph]e1 9 ord] t we may at lea/ give a c]ta9 bread? to ! diff]5t dep>tm5ts ( dramatic production4 ,iphig5ia1 n )\t "s abbreviation1 0 put on ! ,weim> /age z e>ly z #ahjb2 ,tasso fir/ 9 #ahjg aft] a long & quiet prep>ation4 ,bo? plays cont9ue to hold ! bo>ds1 ) ! support ( actors & actresses :o are exceptionally excell5t & well adapt$ to ! rles4 ,f9ally we %all m5tion ,goetz von ,b]li*+51 :i* 0 produc$ = ! fir/ "t 9 ,septemb]1 #ahjd4 ,al?\gh ,s*ill] himself w\ld n und]take ?is new revision1 he cop]at$ 9 e possible way1 & 0 able by 8 bold resolution to facilitate = ! au?or _m a po9t ( revision2 f ! beg9n+ to ! f9al production he 0 mo/ influ5tial & effective bo? 9 ^w & de$4 ,s9ce x is produc$ at few !atres1 x may be wor? :ile to relate "h briefly ! action ( ! piece1 & to po9t out 9 g5]al ! pr9ciples accord+ to :i* ?is revision 0 made4 ,goetz von ,b]li*+5 7,fir/ ,act7 ,by ! insults :i* are accord$ 8 s]vants by "s peasants 9 ! inn at ,bamb]g1 we le>n ( ! ho/ility betwe5 ,goetz & ! ,bi%op4 ,"s horsem5 9 ! s]vice ( ?is knight ent] & relate t ,weisl+51 ! ,bi%op's "r-h& man1 is 9 ! neighborhood4 ,!y hurry away to notify _! ma/]4 ,goetz appe>s 9 front ( a hut 9 ! woods1 al]t & li/5+4 ,a /able-boy1 ,george1 decl>es himself a future h]o4 ,bro!r ,m>t9 expresses envy ( ! soldi]s1 husb&1 & fa!r4 ,! s]vants come 9 ) ! news1 ,goetz ha/5s away1 & ! boy is quiet$ by ! pres5t ( a sa9t's picture4 ,at ,jax?aus51 ,goetz's ca/le1 we f9d 8 wife1 si/] & son4 ,! =m] exhibits h]self z a capable noblewoman1 ! latt] z a t5d]-he>t$ woman1 ! son z r effem9ate4 ,faud br+s ^w t ,weisl+5 is captur$ & ,goetz is br++ him 94 ,! wom5 g out2 ! two knights ent]2 by ,goetz's frank demeanor & ! n>ration ( old /ories1 ,weisl+5's he>t is t\*$4 ,m>ia & ,k>l come 92 ! *ild invites !m to sit d[n at table1 ,m>ia asks !m to be fri5ds4 ,! knights give ea* o!r _! h&s1 ,m>ia /&s betwe5 !m4 7,second ,act7 ,m>ia & ,weisl+5 ent]4 ,!y h become lov]s4 ,goetz & ,elizabe? appe>2 !y are all busy ) hopes & plans4 ,weisl+5 is happy 9 8 new situation4 ,franz1 ,weisl+5's lad1 comes f ,bamb]g & awakes old memories2 he also draws a picture ( ! dang]\s ,adelaide ( ,walldorf4 ,8 passion = ?is lady is n to be mi/ak51 & we beg9 to fe> t he w c>ry away 8 ma/] ) him4 ,hans von ,selbitz comes 91 repres5t+ himself to ! ,lady ,elizabe? z a m]ry knight-errant4 ,goetz gives him welcome4 ,! news t m]*ants f ,nuremb]g are pass+ by to ! fair is br\ght 92 !y g out4 ,9 ! =e/ we f9d ! m]*ants f ,nuremb]g2 !y are fall5 ^u & robb$4 ,?r\gh ,george1 ,goetz le>ns t ,weisl+5 has left him4 ,goetz is incl9$ to "w (f 8 *agr9 on ! captur$ m]*ants1 b he is mov$ to give back a jewel-box :i* a lov] is tak+ to 8 mi/ress2 = ,goetz ?9ks ) sadness h[ he mu/ break ! news to 8 si/] ( ! loss ( h] betro!d4 7,?ird ,act7 ,two m]*ants appe> 9 ! pleasure-g>d5s at ,augsburg4 ,maximilian1 vex$1 refuses to see !m4 ,weisl+5 enc\rages !m1 & makes use ( ! opportunity to influ5ce ! ,emp]or aga9/ ,goetz & o!r unruly knights4 ,"h ! relations betwe5 ,weisl+5 & 8 wife ,adelaide develop2 %e compels him unconditionally to promote h] ambitions4 ,! gr[+ passion ( ,franz = h]1 ! wanton arts us$ to s$uce him1 become app>5t4 ,we n[ return to ,jax?aus54 ,sick+5 woos ,m>ia4 ,selbitz br+s ! news t ,goetz is decl>$ an outlaw4 ,!y seize weapons4 ,l]se is ann\nc$2 ,goetz receives him joyfully4 ,we are n[ on a m\nta92 wide view1 ru9$ t[]1 ca/le & rocks4 ,a gipsy family is "h seek+ protection f ! dang]s ( ! milit>y campaign & ! unre/ ( ! c\ntry4 ,!y s]ve to give coh]5ce to ! foll[+ sc5es4 ,! capta9 ( ! ,imp]ial troops ent]s1 gives 8 ord]s1 makes himself com=table4 ,! gipsies cajole him4 ,george comes sudd5ly ^u ! summit2 ,selbitz is br\ght 9 w\nd$1 hav+ be5 attack$ by s]vants ( ! ,emp]or1 & rescu$ by ,l]se4 ,he is visit$ by ,goetz4 7,f\r? ,act7 ,jax?aus54 ,m>ia & ,sick+51 ) !m ! victori\s ,goetz4 ,he is afraid t he w be surr\nd$4 ,m>ia & ,sick+5 are m>ri$2 ,goetz p]suades !m to leave ! ca/le4 ,summons1 a siege1 brave resi/ance1 ! family table once m2 ,l]se br+s news ( a capitulation2 trea*]y4 ,weisl+5's & ,adelaide's dwell+ 9 ,augsburg4 ,night4 ,adelaide's mask$ ball4 ,x is noticeable t ! ,ar*duke is h] c5tre ( int]e/ at ?is occasion2 b %e is able to sil5ce ! jeal\s ,franz & use him = h] purposes4 ,tav]n at ,heilbronn4 ,! ,t[n ,hall !re4 ,goetz's d>+ & boldness4 ,sick+5 releases him4 ,! famili> sc5es are left 94 7,fif? ,act7 ,a wood4 ,goetz & ,george ly+ 9 wait = a wild animal4 ,x is pa9fully evid5t out "h t ,goetz _c cross 8 b\nd>ies4 ,we realize ! mis*ief ( ! peasant w>4 ,! mon/] advances2 ,max ,/umpf1 :om !y h dragg$ along ) !m z a guide & lead]1 decides to leave !m & ! position4 ,goetz1 half p]suad$1 half compell$1 yields1 ann\nces himself z _! capta9 = f\r weeks & breaks 8 ban4 ,! peasants are divid$ 9 _s1 & ! devil is loose4 ,weisl+5 appe>s at ! head ( knights & soldi]s aga9/ ! rebels1 9 ord] especially to capture ,goetz1 & ?us free himself f ! hateful feel+ ( inf]iority4 ,relations ) 8 wife are v /ra9$2 ,franz's ov]:elm+ passion becomes m & m evid5t4 ,goetz & ,george 9 ! pa9ful situation ( be+ associat$ & implicat$ ) rebels4 ,a secret judgm5t is issu$ aga9/ him4 ,goetz flees to ! gipsies & is captur$ by ! ,imp]ial troops4 ,adelaide's palace4 ,! adv5turess p>ts ) ! happy y\?1 aft] %e has prevail$ ^u him to br+ poison to h] husb&4 ,an app>ition appe>s2 a p[]ful sc5e foll[s4 ,f ^! dismal surr\nd+s1 we pass to a bright spr+ g>d54 ,m>ia is sleep+ 9 a b[] ( fl[]s4 ,l]se comes to h]1 & r\ses h] to beg ,weisl+5 = h] bro!r's life4 ,weisl+5's palace4 ,! dy+ man1 ) ,m>ia & ,franz4 ,goetz's s5t5ce to dea? is revok$1 & we leave ! dy+ h]o 9 ! prison g>d54 99 99 99 99 99 ,! pr9ciples ( ! e>li] revisions 7 aga9 appli$ 9 ?is case4 ,! numb] ( sc5e-*anges 0 less5$1 secur+ m opportunity = ! developm5t ( ! *>act]s1 ! action 0 cond5s$1 &1 ?\gh ) _m sacrifices1 ! play f9ally approximat$ g5u9e dramatic =m4 ,:y x has n 9 ?is =m spread m widely on ! ,g]man /age w be ev5tually und]/ood1 ,i presume1 s9ce critics are n dis9cl9$ to give acc\nts ( ! reception on ! /age ( ! plays ( ! v>i\s ,g]man au?ors1 ! treatm5t !y receive & ! l5g? ( "t _! pieces la/4 ,if ^! rem>ks are favorably receiv$1 we %all probably discuss next ! introduction ( =eign plays1 su* z has already tak5 place at ! ,weim> ,!atre4 ,?is includes ,greek & ,fr5*1 ,engli%1 ,italian & ,spani% plays1 besides ! com$ies ( ,t]5ce & ,plautus1 9 :i* masks are made use (4 ,mo/ necess>y w\ld x be p]haps to discuss ,%akespe>e & combat ! prejudice t ! works ( ?is extraord9>y writ] %\ld be giv5 9 ! ,g]man ,!atre 9 _! complete l5g? & bread?4 ,?is false idea has meant ! suppression ( ! old] revisions ( ,s*ro$]1 & prev5t$ o!rs f prosp]+4 ,x mu/ be emphatically insi/$1 & ) solid reason1 t 9 ?is case z 9 s _m o!rs ! read] mu/ be di/+ui%$ f & "p company ) ! spectator2 ea* has 8 rights1 & nei!r %\ld be p]mitt$ to injure ! o!r's4 ,,ludwig ,,tieck',s ,,dramaturgic ,,fragm5ts 7#ahbf7 ,my m9d has be5 /imulat$ 9 _m ways by ?is notewor?y book4 ,z a dramatic poet1 z a writ] :o by ext5sive travels & by p]sonal obs]vation & /udy ( =eign !atres has qualifi$ himself z a critic ( insight & k 9 connection ) our native !atre1 & z "o :o by s*ol>ly /udy has fitt$ himself to be a hi/orian ( pa/ & pres5t times1 ! au?or has an assur$ position ) ! ,g]man public1 :i* is "h especially evid5t & notable4 ,9 him1 criticism re/s ^u pleasure1 pleasure ^u k1 & ^! crit]ia1 :i* are usually ?\ght ( z di/9ct1 are "h fus$ into a satisfy+ :ole4 ,8 rev]5ce = ,klei/ is highly praisewor?y4 ,z f> z ,i am p]sonally conc]n$1 9 spite ( ! s9c]e/ desire to appreciate him ju/ly1 ,klei/ always ar\ses 9 me horror & av]sion1 z ( a body int5d$ by nature to be beautiful1 b seiz$ by an incurable illness4 ,tieck is ! v rev]se2 he dwells r ^u ! good t has be5 left by nature2 ! de=mity he puts aside1 excus+ mu* m ?an he blames4 ,=1 aft] all1 ?is man ( g5ius des]ves only our pity2 on ?is po9t we d rea* agreem5t4 ,i also agree ) him will+ly :51 z *ampion = ! unity1 indivisibility & inviolability ( ,%akespe>e's plays1 he wants to h !m put on ! /age )\t revision or modification f beg9n+ to end4 ,:5 t5 ye>s ago ,i 0 ( ! contr>y op9ion1 & made m ?an "o attempt to select only ! p>ticul>ly effective p>ts ( ,%akespe>e's plays1 reject+ ! di/urb+ & ! diffuse1 ,i 0 q "r1 z director ( ! !atre1 9 do+ s4 ,= ,i _h _h exp]i5ce 9 torm5t+ myself & ! actors = ! space ( a mon?1 & ( f9ally putt+ on a production :i* inde$ ent]ta9$ & ar\s$ admiration1 b :i* on acc\nt ( conditions h>dly possible to fulfil m ?an once1 c\ld n ma9ta9 its place 9 ! rep]tory4 ,/ill ,i am p]fectly will+ t su* attempts %\ld "h & !re be made1 =1 on ! :ole1 failure does no h>m4 ,s9ce m5 are n to get rid ( long+ & aspiration1 x is salut>y = !m to direct _! unsatisfi$ idealism t[>ds "s def9ite object1 to "w1 = in/ance1 t[>ds depict+ a mighty ?\gh vani%$ pa/ s]i\sly & wor?ily 9 ! pres5t4 ,n[ actors z well z poets & read]s h ! opportunity to /udy & see ,%akespe>e1 &1 ?r\gh _! endeavors to atta9 ! unatta9able1 disclose ! true inn] capabilities & pot5tialities ( _! own nature4 ,?\gh 9 ^! respects ,i completely approve ( ! valuable ef=ts ( my old co-work]1 ,i mu/ confess t ,i diff] f him 9 "s ( 8 utt]ances2 z1 = in/ance1 t 8,lady ,macbe? is a t5d]1 lov+ s\l1 & z su* %\ld be play$40 ,i d n consid] su* rem>ks to be really ! au?or's op9ion1 b r p>adoxes1 :i* 9 view ( ! weighty au?ority ( our au?or c only "w great h>m4 ,x is 9 ! nature ( ! case1 & ,tieck himself has pres5t$ significant illu/rations ( ! fact1 t an actor :o does n feel himself to be q 9 agreem5t ) ! conv5tional portrayal1 may 9 clev] fa%ion modify & adju/ x to himself & 8 own nature1 & fit ! new int]pretation s well z to provide1 z x 71 a new & brilliant creation1 & indemnify u = ! clev] fiction ) unexpect$ & delightful new gr\nds ( comp>ison & contra/4 ,?is we mu/ admit z valid2 b we _c approve ! case :]e ! !ori/ makes c]ta9 intimations to ! actor1 :]eby ! latt] is l$ a/ray to portray ! rle 9 a new mann] & /yle aga9/ ! obvi\s int5tion ( ! poet4 ,f _m viewpo9ts su* an und]tak+ is que/ionable4 ,! public is look+ = au?ority always2 & x is "r4 ,= d we n act simil>ly 9 tak+ c\nsel 9 joy & sorr[ ) ^? :o are well v]s$ 9 ! wisdom ( art & ( life8 ,:oev] !n has acquir$ any legitimate au?ority 9 any field %\ld /rive1 by cont9ual assiduity 9 hold+ close to ! l9e ( ! true & ! "r1 to pres]ve t au?ority 9 inviolable sanctity4 ,an important pap] is ,tieck's explanation ( ! ,piccolom9i & ! ,wall5/e94 ,i saw ^! plays develop f beg9n+ to end1 & ,i am fill$ ) admiration at ! degree ( p5etration :i* he %[s 9 treat+ a "w :i*1 al?\gh "o ( ! mo/ excell5t n only on ! ,g]man /age b on all /ages1 yet 9 itself is unequal1 & = t reason (t5 fails to satisfy ! critic1 al?\gh ! cr[d1 :i* does n take ! sep>ate p>ts ) su* /rictness1 is necess>ily *>m$ ) x z a :ole4 ,mo/ ( ! places :]e ,tieck f9ds some?+ to criticize1 ,i f9d reason to consid] z pa?ological4 ,if ,s*ill] _h n be5 suff]+ f a long wa/+ disease1 :i* f9ally kill$ him1 ! :ole ?+ w\ld h be5 diff]5t4 ,our correspond5ce1 :i* relates 9 ! cle>e/ way ! circum/ances "u :i* ,wall5/e9 0 writt51 w /imulate ?\ghtful p to mu* pr(itable reflection1 & p]suade !m to ?9k ev] m s]i\sly h[ closely our /hetics is connect$ ) physiology1 pa?ology1 & physics3 9 ?is way !y may realize ! light :i* ^! sci5ces ?r[ ^u ! conditions to :i* individuals z well z :ole nations1 ! mo/ ext5sive _w-epo*s z well z daily affairs1 are subject$4 ,,on ,,didactic ,,poetry 7#ahbg7 ,didactic poetry is n a di/9ct poetic /yle or g5re 9 ! same s5se z ! lyric1 epic1 & dramatic4 ,e "o w und]/& ?is :o recognizes t ! latt] diff] 9 =m1 & !re=e didactic poetry1 :i* d]ives its "n f its cont5t1 _c be put 9 ! same category4 ,all poetry %\ld be in/ructive1 b unobvi\sly s4 ,x %\ld draw ! att5tion ( a read] to ! idea :i* is ( value to be imp>t$2 b he himself mu/ draw ! lesson out ( x1 z he does out ( life4 ,didactic or s*oolma/]ly poetry is a hybrid betwe5 poetry & rhetoric4 ,= t reason1 z x approximates n[ "o & n[ ! o!r1 x is able to possess m or less ( poetic value4 ,b1 l descriptive & satirical poetry1 x is always a second>y & subord9ate species1 :i* 9 a true /hetic is always plac$ betwe5 ! art ( poetry & ! art ( spee*4 ,! intr9sic wor? ( didactic poetry1 t is to say1 ( an edify+ art-"w1 writt5 ) *>m & vigor1 & grac$ ) rhy?m & melody & ! ornam5t ( imag9ative p[]1 is = t reason 9 no way less5$4 ,f ! rhym$ *ronicles1 f ! v]se-maxims ( ! old p$agogues1 d[n to ! be/ ( ?is class1 all h _! value1 consid]$ 9 _! place & tak5 at _! prop] wor?4 ,if "o exam9es ! matt] closely & )\t prejudice1 x /rikes "o t didactic poetry is valuable = ! sake ( its popul> appeal4 ,ev5 ! mo/ tal5t$ poet %\ld feel himself honor$ to h treat$ 9 ?is /yle a *apt] ( useful k4 ,! ,engli% h "s highly praisewor?y examples ( ?is /yle4 ,) je/ & s]i\sness !y curry favor ) ! cr[d1 & !n discuss 9 explanatory notes :atev] ! read] mu/ "k 9 ord] to und]/& ! poem4 ,! tea*] 9 ! field ( /hetics1 e?ics1 or hi/ory has a f9e *ance to sy/ematize & cl>ify ?is *apt] & acqua9t 8 /ud5ts ) ! m]it ( ! be/ works ( ?is k9d1 n accord+ to ! utility ( _! cont5ts1 b ) ref]5ce to ! great] or less degree ( _! poetical value4 ,?is subject %\ld prop]ly be q omitt$ f a c\rse on /hetics1 b = ! sake ( ^? :o h /udi$ poetry & rhetoric1 x might be pres5t$ 9 special lectures1 p]haps public4 ,"h a true compreh5sion1 z ev]y:]e1 w prove ( great advantage to practice2 = _m p w grasp ! difficulty ( weav+ toge!r a piece out ( k & imag9ation1 ( b9d+ two oppos$ elem5ts toge!r into a liv+ bodily :ole4 ,! lectur] %\ld reveal ! means by :i* ?is reconciliation c be made1 & 8 auditors1 !reby gu>d$ aga9/ mi/akes1 might ea* attempt 9 8 own way to produce a simil> effect4 ,among ! _m ways & means ( effect+ su* a fusion1 good humor is ! mo/ c]ta91 & c\ld also be consid]$ ! mo/ suitable1 7 pure humor n s r>e4 ,no m s+ul> und]tak+ c\ld easily be ?\ght ( ?an to turn ! geology ( a di/rict into a didactic1 & inde$ highly imag9ative1 poem2 yet ?is is :at a memb] ( ! ,geological ,society ( ,london has done1 9 an attempt to popul>ize 9 ?is way a subject1 & promote a /udy usually insuff]able to ! ?\ght ( travel]s4 ,,sup]/ition ,,& ,,poetry 7#ahbc7 ,sup]/ition is ! poetry ( life2 bo? build an imag9>y _w1 & betwe5 ! ?+s ( ! actual1 palpable _w !y anticipate ! mo/ m>vel\s connections4 ,sympa?y & antipa?y gov]n ev]y:]e4 ,poetry is ev] free+ itself f su* fett]s z x arbitr>ily imposes ^u itself2 sup]/ition1 on ! contr>y1 c be comp>$ to ! magic cords :i* draw toge!r ev] ! tight]1 ! m "o /ruggles aga9/ !m4 ,! "t ( greate/ enlight5m5t is n secure f x2 let x /rike an uncultur$ c5tury or epo*1 & ! cl\d$ m9d ( poor humanity beg9s to /rive aft] ! impossible1 to endeavor to h int]c\rse ) & influ5ce ! sup]natural1 ! f>-di/ant1 ! future4 ,a num]\s _w ( m>vels x con/ructs = itself1 surr\nd$ ) a circle ( d>kness & gloom4 ,su* cl\ds hang ov] :ole c5turies1 & gr[ ?ick] & ?ick]4 ,! imag9ation broods ov] a wa/e ( s5suality2 reason seems to h turn$ back l ,a/ra to its div9e orig92 wisdom is 9 despair1 s9ce %e has no means ( successfully ass]t+ h] rights4 ,sup]/ition does n h>m ! poet1 = he kn[s h[ to make its half-tru?s1 to :i* he gives only a lit]>y validity1 c\nt 9 manifold ways = good4 ,,! ,,me?ods ,,( ,,fr5* ,,criticism ,i 7#ahag7 ,a weal? ( t]ms = unfavorable criticism3-- ,a4 ab&onne1 absurde1 arrogance1 a/uce4 ,b4 baf\1 bte1 btise1 b\ffissure1 b\qu91 b\rgeois1 b\rs\flure1 b\tade1 bris1 brutalit4 ,c4 cabale1 cagot1 canaille1 c>can1 clique1 contraire1 crature4 ,d4 dclamatoire1 dcri1 dgt1 dnigrem5t1 dp\rvu1 dpray1 dsobligeant1 dte/able1 diabolique1 dur4 ,e4 *oppe1 enflure1 eng\em5t1 ennui1 ennuyeux1 norme1 entortill1 phmres1 plu*1 espce1 t\rneau4 ,f4 factice1 fadaise1 faible1 fa9ant1 fan1 fa/idieux1 fatigant1 fatuit1 faux1 =c1 f\1 f\rr1 frip]ie1 frivole1 furieux4 ,g4 gte1 gau*em5t1 gau*]1 grimace1 grossi]1 grossirem5t4 ,h4 haillons1 honntem5t1 honte1 horreur4 ,i4 imbcile1 imp]t95ce1 imp]t95t1 impuissant1 incorrection1 indcis1 indt]m91 indiffr5ce1 indignits1 9galit1 +urissable1 insipide1 insipidit1 ins\t5able1 intolrant1 j\ets1 irrfl*i4 ,l4 laquais1 lg]1 ls9e1 l\*e1 l\rd4 ,m4 maladresse1 manque1 m>\d1 mauvais1 mdiocre1 mpris1 mprise1 mign>dise1 mordant4 ,n4 nglig1 nglig5ce1 noirceur1 non-so94 ,o4 odieux4 ,p4 passable1 pauvret1 pnible1 petites-maisons1 peupropre1 pie-gri*e1 pitoyable1 plat1 platitude1 pompeux1 prcieux1 purilits4 ,r4 rapsodie1 ratat91 rebattu1 r*auff1 r$ondance1 rtrci1 rvoltant1 ridicule1 roquet4 ,s4 sans succs1 sifflets1 s+]ie1 somnifre1 soporifique1 sottise1 subalt]ne4 ,t4 t]rass1 tombe1 trane1 trav]s1 tri/e4 ,v4 vague1 vex1 vide1 vieill]ie1 volum9eux4 ,a scanty /ore = praise3-- ,a4 anim1 applaudie4 ,b4 brillant4 ,c4 *>mant1 correct4 ,e4 esprit4 ,f4 facile1 f9esse4 ,g4 gt1 grce1 gracieux1 grave4 ,i4 inv5tion1 ju/esse4 ,l4 lg]1 lgret1 libre4 ,n4 nombreux4 ,p4 piquant1 prodigieux1 pur4 ,r4 raisonnable4 ,s4 spirituel4 ,v4 v]ve4 8,words are ! image ( ! s\l2 yet n an image1 b r a %ad[6 ,express+ r\ghly1 & signify+ g5tly1 all t we h1 all t we h _h 9 our exp]i5ce6 ,:at 01--:]e has x gone8 & :at is t :i* is ) u n[8 ,ah6 we speak6 ,swiftly we cat* & seize ! gifts ( life z !y fleet by u40 99 99 99 99 99 ,! insight & "* ( a man express !mselves mo/ cle>ly 9 8 judgm5ts4 ,9 :at he rejects1 & :at he accepts1 he confesses to :at is ali5 to him & :at he has ne$ (2 & s ea* ye> designates unconsci\sly its pres5t spiritual /ate1 ! compass ( its pa/ life4 ,?us is x also ) nations2 _! praise & c5sure mu/ always be /rictly consonant to _! situation4 ,we possess$ ,greek & ,roman t]m9ology ( ?is sort2 ! =ego+ w\ld give an occasion = exam9+ rec5t criticism4 ,l ! individual man1 ! nation re/s on traditional ideas1 =eign m (t5 ?an native1 bo? inh]it$ & orig9al4 ,b only 9 s f> z a p has a native lit]ature c x judge & und]/& ! pa/ z x does ! pres5t4 ,! ,engli%man cl+s e>ne/ly & /ubbornly to classic antiquity1 & w n be conv9c$ t ! ,ori5t has produc$ poets1 unless he c be %[n p>allel passages f ,horace4 ,:at advantages1 on ! o!r h&1 ,%akespe>e's indep5d5t g5ius has br\ght to ! nation c h>dly be express$4 ,! ,fr5* by ! introduction ( badly und]/ood classical pr9ciples & an ov]-nice s5se ( =m s con/ra9$ _! poetry t x mu/ f9ally q disappe>1 s9ce x c\ld n become m simil> to prose4 ,! ,g]man 0 on ! "r road & w f9d x aga91 z soon z he gives up ! unhappy attempt to rank ! ,nibelung5 ) ! ,iliad4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! favorable op9ion :i* an excell5t =eign writ] has conc]n+ u ,g]mans may be appropriately relat$ "h4 ,! ,privy ,c\ncilor ( ! ,russian ,empire1 ,c\nt ,uv>(f1 speaks ?us 9 our honor1 9 a preface address$ to an old fri5d & p>tn]1 & conta9$ 9 8 valuable "w on ,nonnus ( ,panopolis1 ! ,poet 7,/4 ,pet]sburg1 #ahag73 8,! r5aissance ( ar*ology belongs to ! ,g]mans4 ,o!r peoples may h contribut$ prep>atory "w1 b if ! m advanc$ philological /udies are ev] develop$ to a complete :ole1 su* a pal+5esis or reg5]ation c\ld only take place 9 ,g]many4 ,= ?is reason1 c]ta9 new views c h>dly be express$ 9 any o!r language1 & on t acc\nt ,i h writt5 9 ,g]man4 ,i hope we h n[ giv5 up ! p]v]se notion ( ! political prem95ce ( ?is or t language4 ,x is "t t e "o1 unconc]n$ ab\t ! in/rum5t itself1 %\ld select ! language :i* fits mo/ closely ! circle ( ideas 9 :i* 8 ?\ght is mov+40 ,"h speaks an able1 tal5t$1 intellectual man1 ^: m9d is above ! petty limitations ( a cold lit]>y patriotism1 & :o1 l a ma/] ( musical art1 draws ! /ops ( 8 well-equipp$ organ :i* express ! ?\ght & feel+ ( ea* mom5t4 ,w\ld t all cultivat$ ,g]mans w\ld take ?ankfully to he>t ^! excell5t & in/ructive words ( 81 & t intellectual y\?s w\ld be inspir$ to make !mselves pr(ici5t 9 sev]al languages1 z optional in/rum5ts ( life6 ,,ii 7#ahbj7 ,9 my article on 8,urteilsworte franzsis*] ,kritik]10 a l>ge numb] ( unfavorable epi!ts us$ by ,fr5* critics 7 set (f aga9/ a scanty numb] ( favorable words4 ,9 connection ) ?is1 ! ,vrai ,lib]al ( ,febru>y #d1 #ahai1 lodges a compla9t aga9/ me & accuses me ( an inju/ice t[>ds ! ,fr5* nation4 ,x does ?is ) s mu* civility & *>m z to make me a%am$ ( myself1 7 x n = ! fact t beh9d my pres5tation ( ^? words !re lay a secret1 :i* ,i ha/5 to reveal to x & to my read]s at ?is "t4 ,i admit )\t hesitation t ! ,brussels correspond5t ( ! ,vrai ,lib]al is q "r :5 he po9ts out h[ among ! words ( c5sure :i* ,i gave !re appe> _m peculi> ones :i* "o w\ld n exactly expect2 & 9 addition1 t 9 ! li/ ( favorable words1 sev]al are lack+ :i* ought to occur to e "o4 ,9 ord] to expla9 ?is1 & make ! /ory cle>]1 ,i %all relate h[ ,i 0 induc$ to make ?is p>ticul> li/4 ,:5 ,h]r von ,grimm =ty ye>s ago a*iev$ an honorable entrance into ,p>isian society1 at t "t extraord9>ily tal5t$ & intellectual1 & 0 recogniz$ practically z a memb] ( ?is di/+ui%$ company1 he decid$ to s5d a writt5 bullet9 ( lit]>y & o!r int]e/+ matt]s to pr9cely p]sonages & weal?y p 9 ,g]many1 9 ord] to ent]ta9 !m1 = a consid]able remun]ation1 ) ! *>act]i/ic life ( ,p>is circles1 9 reg>d to :i* !y 7 curi\s 9 ! outside _w1 because !y c\ld well consid] ,p>is z ! c5tre ( ! cultur$ _w4 ,^! lett]s 7 to conta9 n m]ely news2 b ! be/ works ( ,did]ot1 ,! ,nun1 ,jacques ! ,fatali/1 etc41 7 by degrees ins]t$ 9 su* small portions t curiosity1 att5tion1 & eag]ness 7 kept alive f numb] to numb]4 ,?r\gh ! favor ( di/+ui%$ patrons ,i 0 p]mitt$ to p]use ^! bullet9s regul>ly1 & ,i did n neglect to /udy !m ) great delib]ation & ardor4 ,n[1 if ,i may be p]mitt$ to say x to my cr$it1 ,i always *e]fully recogniz$ ! sup]iority ( ! writ]s & _! works1 treasur$ & admir$ !m1 & also ?ankfully pr(it$ by !m4 ,= ?is reason ,i 0 soon /ruck 9 ?is correspond5ce ( ,grimm's ) ! fact t 9 ! /ories1 anecdotes1 del9eation ( "*1 description1 criticism1 "o notic$ m ( c5sure ?an ( praise1 m d]ogatory ?an laudatory t]m9ology4 ,"o day 9 good humor1 = my own consid]ation & edification1 ,i began to take d[n ! complete expressions1 & lat]1 half 9 je/ & half 9 e>ne/1 to split !m up & arrange !m alphabetically2 & ?us !y rema9$ on my desk = _m ye>s4 ,:5 f9ally ! correspond5ce ( ,grimm 0 publi%$1 ,i read x z ! docum5t ( a pa/ age1 b ) c>e1 & soon came ^u _m an expression :i* ,i _h notic$ be=e2 & ,i 0 conv9c$ anew t ! c5sure by f> exce$$ ! praise4 ,!n ,i hunt$ up ! e>li] "w ( m9e & _h x pr9t$1 = ! sake ( intellectual edification1 :i* did n fail me4 ,at ! mom5t ,i 0 n able to give fur!r att5tion to ! matt]2 & x is !re=e n unlikely t 9 s volum9\s a "w _m a ^w ( praise & blame t has escap$ me may be f\nd4 ,b 9 ord] t ?is reproa*1 :i* appe>$ to conc]n a :ole nation1 may n be left cl++ to a s+le au?or1 ,i %all res]ve ! privilege ( discuss+ ?is important lit]>y topic on m g5]al l9es 9 ! ne> future4 ,,on ,,criticism 7#ahba-bd7 ,i ,criticism is ei!r de/ructive or con/ructive4 ,! =m] is v easy2 = "o ne$ only set up "s imag9>y /&>d1 "s model or o!r1 h[ev] fooli% ?is may be1 & !n boldly ass]t t ! "w ( art "u consid]ation does n measure up to t /&>d1 & !re=e is ( no value4 ,t settles ! matt]1 & "o c )\t any m ado decl>e t ! poet has n come up to "o's requirem5ts4 ,9 ?is way ! critic frees himself ( all obligations ( gratitude t[>d ! arti/4 ,con/ructive criticism is mu* h>d]4 ,x asks3 ,:at did ! au?or set out to d8 ,0 8 plan reasonable & s5sible1 & h[ f> did he succe$ 9 c>ry+ x out8 ,if ^! que/ions are answ]$ ) disc]nm5t & sympa?y1 we may be ( real assi/ance to ! au?or 9 8 lat] works1 = ev5 9 8 fir/ attempts he has und\bt$ly tak5 c]ta9 prelim9>y /eps :i* approa* ! level ( our criticism4 ,p]haps we %\ld call att5tion to ano!r po9t :i* is altoge!r too frequ5tly ov]look$1 namely1 t ! critic mu/ judge a "w ( art m = ! sake ( ! au?or ?an ( ! public4 ,e day we see h[1 )\t ! lea/ reg>d = ! op9ions ( review]s1 "s drama or novel is receiv$ by m5 & wom5 9 ! mo/ div]s individual ways1 is prais$1 f\nd fault )1 giv5 or refus$ a place 9 ! he>t1 m]ely z x happ5s to appeal to ! p]sonal idiosyncrasy ( ea* read]4 ,,ii ,criticism is a practice ( ! ,mod]ns4 ,:at does ?is mean8 ,j ?is3 ,if y read a book & let x "w ^u y1 & yield y\rself up entirely to its influ5ce1 !n1 & only !n1 w y arrive at a correct judgm5t ( x4 ,,iii ,"s ( my admir+ read]s h told me = a long "t t in/ead ( express+ a judgm5t on books1 ,i describe ! influ5ce :i* !y h _h on me4 ,& at bottom ?is is ! way all read]s criticize1 ev5 if !y d n communicate an op9ion or =mulate ideas ab\t x to ! public4 ,! s*ol> f9ds no?+ new 9 a book1 & !re=e _c praise x1 :ile ! "y /ud5t1 eag] = k1 f9ds t k increas$1 & a /imulus giv5 to 8 culture4 ,! "o is /irr$1 :ile ! o!r rema9s cold4 ,?is expla9s :y ! reception ( books is s v>i$4 ,,iv ,i am m & m conv9c$ t :5ev] "o has to express an op9ion on ! actions or on ! writ+s ( o!rs1 unless ?is be done f a c]ta9 "o-sid$ en?usiasm1 or f a lov+ int]e/ 9 ! p]son & ! "w1 ! result is h>dly wor? consid]+4 ,sympa?y & enjoym5t 9 :at we see are 9 fact ! only reality2 & f su* reality1 reality z a natural product foll[s4 ,all else is vanity4 ,,on ,,%akespe>e ,,wilhelm ,,mei/]',s ,,critique ,,( ,,hamlet 7#agie7 ,wilhelm _h sc>cely read "o or two ( ,%akespe>e's plays1 till _! effect on him became s /rong t he c\ld g no f>!r4 ,8 :ole s\l 0 9 commotion4 ,he s\ght an opportunity to speak ) ,j>no2 to :om1 on meet+ ) him1 he express$ 8 b\ndless gratitude = su* delici\s ent]ta9m5t4 8,i cle>ly en\gh =esaw10 said ,j>no1 8t y w\ld n rema9 ins5sible to ! *>ms ( ! mo/ extraord9>y & mo/ admirable ( all writ]s40 8,yes10 exclaim$ our fri5d1 8,i _c recollect t any book1 any man1 any incid5t ( my life1 has produc$ su* important effects on me1 z ! preci\s works to :i* by y\r k9dness ,i h be5 direct$4 ,!y seem z if !y 7 p]=mances ( "s cele/ial g5ius1 desc5d+ among m51 to make !m1 by ! milde/ in/ructions1 acqua9t$ ) !mselves4 ,!y are no fictions6 ,y w\ld ?9k1 :ile read+ !m1 y /ood be=e ! unclos$ awful ,books ( ,fate1 :ile ! :irlw9d ( mo/ impassion$ life 0 h[l+ ?r\gh ! leaves1 & toss+ !m fi]cely to & fro4 ,! /r5g? & t5d]ness1 ! p[] & peacefulness1 ( ?is man1 h s a/oni%$ & transport$ me1 t ,i long vehem5tly = ! "t :5 ,i %all h x 9 my p[] to read f>!r40 8,bravo60 said ,j>no1 hold+ out 8 h&1 & squeez+ our fri5d's4 8,?is is z x %\ld be6 ,& ! consequ5ces1 :i* ,i hope =1 w likewise surely foll[40 8,i wi%10 said ,wilhelm1 8,i c\ld b disclose to y all t is go+ on )9 me ev5 n[4 ,all ! anticipations ,i ev] _h reg>d+ man & 8 de/9y1 :i* h accompani$ me f y\? upw>ds1 (t5 unobs]v$ by myself1 ,i f9d develop$ & fulfill$ 9 ,%akespe>e's writ+s4 ,x seems z if he cle>$ up e "o ( our enigmas to u1 ?\gh we _c say1 ,"h or !re is ! ^w ( solution4 ,8 m5 appe> l natural m51 & yet !y are n4 ,^!1 ! mo/ my/]i\s & complex productions ( creation1 "h act be=e u z if !y 7 wat*es1 ^: dial plates & cases 7 ( cry/al1 :i* po9t$ out1 accord+ to _! use1 ! c\rse ( ! h\rs & m9utes2 :ile1 at ! same "t1 y c\ld disc]n ! comb9ation ( :eels & spr+s t turn$ !m4 ,! few glances ,i h ca/ ov] ,%akespe>e's _w incite me1 m ?an any?+ beside1 to quick5 my foot/eps =w>d into ! actual _w1 to m+le 9 ! flood ( de/9ies t is susp5d$ ov] x1 & at l5g?1 if ,i %all prosp]1 to draw a few cups f ! great ocean ( true nature1 & to di/ribute !m f (f ! /age among ! ?ir/+ p ( my native l&40444 99 99 99 99 99 ,see+ ! company s favorably dispos$1 ,wilhelm n[ hop$ he might fur!r h x 9 8 p[] to conv]se ) !m on ! poetic m]it ( ! plays :i* might come be=e !m4 8,x is n en\gh10 said he next day1 :5 !y 7 all aga9 assembl$1 8= ! actor m]ely to glance ov] a dramatic "w1 to judge ( x by 8 fir/ impression1 & ?us1 )\t inve/igation1 to decl>e 8 satisfaction or dissatisfaction ) x4 ,su* ?+s may be all[$ 9 a spectator1 ^: purpose x is r to be ent]ta9$ & mov$ ?an =mally to criticize4 ,b ! actor1 on ! o!r h&1 %\ld be prep>$ to give a reason = 8 praise or c5sure2 & h[ %all he d ?is1 if he h n taught himself to p5etrate ! s5se1 ! views1 ! feel+s ( 8 au?or8 ,a common error is to =m a judgm5t ( a drama f a s+le "p 9 x1 & to look ^u ?is "p itself 9 an isolat$ po9t ( view1 n 9 its connection ) ! :ole4 ,i h notic$ ?is )9 a few days s cle>ly 9 my own conduct t ,i w give y ! acc\nt z an example1 if y please to he> me pati5tly4 8,y all "k ,%akespe>e's incomp>able ,hamlet2 our public read+ ( x at ! ca/le yield$ e "o ( u ! greate/ satisfaction4 ,on t occasion we propos$ to act ! play2 & ,i1 n kn[+ :at ,i und]took1 engag$ to play ! pr9ce's "p4 ,?is ,i conceiv$ t ,i 0 /udy+1 :ile ,i began to get by he>t ! /ronge/ passages1 ! soliloquies1 & ^? sc5es 9 :i* =ce ( s\l1 vehem5ce & elevation ( feel+ h ! free/ scope1 :]e ! agitat$ he>t is all[$ to display itself ) t\*+ expressiv5ess4 8,i fur!r conceiv$ t ,i 0 p5etrat+ q into ! _s ( ! "*1 :ile ,i endeavor$1 z x 71 to take ^u myself ! load ( deep melan*oly "u :i* my prototype 0 labor+1 & 9 ?is humor to pursue him ?r\gh ! /range labyr9?s ( 8 caprices & 8 s+ul>ities4 ,?us le>n+1 ?us practis+1 ,i d\bt$ n b ,i %\ld by & bye become "o p]son ) my h]o4 8,b ! f>!r ,i advanc$1 ! m difficult did x become = me to =m any image ( ! :ole1 9 its g5]al be>+s2 till at la/ x seem$ z if impossible4 ,i next w5t ?r\gh ! entire piece1 )\t int]ruption2 b "h1 too1 ,i f\nd mu* t ,i c\ld n away )4 ,at "o "t ! *>act]s1 at ano!r "t ! mann] ( display+ !m1 seem$ inconsi/5t2 & ,i almo/ despair$ ( f9d+ any g5]al t9t1 9 :i* ,i might pres5t my :ole "p ) all its %ad+s & v>iations4 ,9 su* devi\s pa?s ,i toil$1 & w&]$ long 9 va92 till at l5g? a hope arose t ,i might rea* my aim 9 q a new way4 8,i set ab\t inve/igat+ e trace ( ,hamlet's "*1 z x _h %[n itself be=e 8 fa!r's dea?2 ,i endeavor$ to di/+ui% :at 9 x 0 indep5d5t ( ?is m\rnful ev5t1 indep5d5t ( ! t]rible ev5ts t foll[$2 & :at mo/ probably ! "y man w\ld h be5 _h no su* ?+ occurr$4 8,s(t1 & f a noble /em1 ?is royal fl[] _h sprung up "u ! imm$iate influ5ces ( maje/y3 ! idea ( moral rectitude ) t ( pr9cely elevation1 ! feel+ ( ! good & dignifi$ ) ! consci\sness ( high bir?1 _h 9 him be5 unfold$ simultane\sly4 ,he 0 a pr9ce1 by bir? a pr9ce2 & he wi%$ to reign1 only t good m5 might be good )\t ob/ruction4 ,pleas+ 9 =m1 poli%$ by nature1 c\rte\s f ! he>t1 he 0 meant to be ! patt]n ( y\? & ! joy ( ! _w4 8,)\t any prom95t passion1 8 love = ,ophelia 0 a /ill pres5tim5t ( sweet wants4 ,8 zeal 9 knightly accompli%m5ts 0 n entirely 8 own3 x ne$$ to be quick5$ & inflam$ by praise be/[$ on o!rs = excell+ 9 !m4 ,pure 9 s5tim5t1 he knew ! honorable-m9d$1 & c\ld prize ! re/ :i* an upright _s ta/es on ! bosom ( a fri5d4 ,to a c]ta9 degree he _h le>n$ to disc]n & value ! good & ! beautiful 9 arts & sci5ces2 ! mean1 ! vulg>1 0 (f5sive to him2 &1 if hatr$ c\ld take root 9 8 t5d] s\l1 x 0 only s f> z to make him prop]ly despise ! false & *angeful insects ( a c\rt1 & play ) !m 9 easy scorn4 ,he 0 calm 9 8 temp]1 artless 9 8 conduct1 nei!r pleas$ ) idl5ess1 nor too viol5tly eag] = employm5t4 ,! r\t9e ( a univ]sity he seem$ to cont9ue :5 at c\rt4 ,he possess$ m mir? ( humor ?an ( he>t3 he 0 a good companion1 pliant1 c\rte\s1 discreet1 & able to =get & =give an injury1 yet nev] able to unite himself ) ^? :o ov]/epp$ ! limits ( ! "r1 ! good1 & ! becom+4 8,:5 we read ! piece aga91 y %all judge :e!r ,i am yet on ! prop] track4 ,i hope at lea/ to br+ =w>d passages t %all support my op9ion 9 its ma9 po9ts40 ,?is del9eation 0 receiv$ ) w>m approval2 ! company imag9$ !y =esaw t ,hamlet's mann] ( proce$+ might n[ be v satisfactorily expla9$2 !y applaud$ ?is me?od ( p5etrat+ into ! _s ( a writ]4 ,ea* ( !m propos$ to himself to take up "s piece1 & /udy x on ^! pr9ciples1 & s unfold ! au?or's mean+4444 ,lov+ ,%akespe>e z our fri5d did1 he fail$ n to lead r\nd ! conv]sation to ! m]its ( t dramati/4 ,express+1 z he ent]ta9$1 ! livelie/ hopes ( ! new epo* :i* ^! exquisite productions mu/ =m 9 ,g]many1 he erelong introduc$ 8 ,hamlet1 :i* play _h busi$ him s mu* ( late4 ,s]lo decl>$ t he w\ld long ago h repres5t$ ! play _h x at all be5 possible1 & t he himself w\ld will+ly engage to act ,polonius4 ,he add$1 ) a smile1 8,an ,ophelia1 too1 w c]ta9ly turn up1 if we _h b a ,pr9ce40 ,wilhelm did n notice t ,aurelia seem$ a little hurt at h] bro!r's s>casm4 ,our fri5d 0 9 8 prop] ve91 becom+ copi\s & didactic1 exp\nd+ h[ he w\ld h ,hamlet play$4 ,he circum/antially deliv]$ to 8 he>]s ! op9ions we be=e saw him busi$ )2 tak+ all ! tr\ble possible to make 8 notion ( ! matt] acceptable1 skeptical z ,s]lo %[$ himself reg>d+ x4 8,well1 !n10 said ! latt] f9ally1 8suppose we grant y all ?is1 :at w y expla9 by x80 8,mu*1 ev]y?+10 said ,wilhelm4 8,conceive a pr9ce su* z ,i h pa9t$ him1 & t 8 fa!r sudd5ly dies4 ,ambition & ! love ( rule are n ! passions t inspire him4 ,z a k+'s son1 he w\ld h be5 cont5t$2 b n[ he is fir/ con/ra9$ to consid] ! diff]5ce :i* sep>ates a sov]eign f a subject4 ,! cr[n 0 n h]$it>y2 yet 8 fa!r's long] possession ( x w\ld h /r5g!n$ ! pret5sions ( an only son1 & secur$ 8 hopes ( succession4 ,9 place ( ?is1 he n[ beholds himself exclud$ by 8 uncle1 9 spite ( speci\s promises1 mo/ probably =ev]4 ,he is n[ poor 9 goods & favor1 & a /rang] 9 ! sc5e :i* f y\? he _h look$ ^u z 8 inh]itance4 ,8 temp] "h assumes its fir/ m\rnful t+e4 ,he feels t n[ he is n m1 t he is less ?an a private nobleman2 he (f]s himself z ! s]vant ( e "o2 he is n c\rte\s & condesc5d+1 he is ne$y & degrad$4 8,8 pa/ condition he rememb]s z a vani%$ dream4 ,x is 9 va9 t 8 uncle /rives to *e] him1 to pres5t 8 situation 9 ano!r po9t ( view4 ,! feel+ ( 8 no?+ness w n leave him4 8,! second /roke t came ^u him w\nd$ deep]1 b[$ /ill m4 ,x 0 ! m>riage ( 8 "m4 ,! fai?ful1 t5d] son _h yet a "m1 :5 8 fa!r pass$ away4 ,he hop$ 9 ! company ( 8 surviv+ noble-m9d$ p>5t1 to rev]5ce ! h]oic =m ( ! dep>t$3 b 8 "m1 too1 he loses2 & x is some?+ worse ?an dea? t robs him ( h]4 ,! tru/ful image1 :i* a good *ild loves to =m ( its p>5ts1 is gone4 ,) ! dead !re is no help1 on ! liv+ no hold4 ,moreov]1 %e is a woman2 & h] "n is ,frailty1 l t ( all h] sex4 8,n[ only does he feel completely b[$ d[n1 n[ only orphan$2 & no happ9ess ( life c repay :at he has lo/4 ,n reflective or sorr[ful by nature1 reflection & sorr[ h become = him a heavy obligation4 ,x is ?us t we see him fir/ ent] on ! sc5e4 ,i d n ?9k t ,i h mix$ aught =eign ) ! play1 or ov]*>g$ a s+le feature ( x40 ,s]lo look$ at 8 si/]1 & said3 8,did ,i give !e a false picture ( our fri5d8 ,he beg9s well3 he has /ill _m ?+s to tell u1 _m to p]suade u (40 ,wilhelm assev]at$ l\dly t he meant n to p]suade1 b to conv9ce2 he begg$ = ano!r mom5t's pati5ce4 8,figure to y\rselves ?is y\?10 cri$ he1 8?is son ( pr9ces2 conceive him vividly1 br+ 8 /ate be=e y\r eyes & !n obs]ve him :5 he le>ns t 8 fa!r's _s walks2 /& by him 9 ! t]rors ( ! night1 :5 ev5 ! v5]able gho/ appe>s be=e him4 ,he is seiz$ ) b\ndless horror2 he speaks to ! my/]i\s =m2 he sees x beckon him2 he foll[s & he>s4 ,! fe>ful accusation ( 8 uncle r+s 9 8 e>s1 ! summons to rev5ge1 & ! pi]c+1 (t-repeat$ pray]1 ,rememb] me6 8,&1 :5 ! gho/ has vani%$1 :o is x t /&s be=e u8 ,a "y h]o pant+ = v5geance8 ,a pr9ce by bir?1 rejoic+ to be call$ to puni% ! usurp] ( 8 cr[n8 ,no6 tr\ble & a/oni%m5t take hold ( ! solit>y "y man3 he gr[s bitt] aga9/ smil+ villa9s1 swe>s t he w n =get ! _s1 & concludes ) ! significant ejaculation1-- 8#8,! "t is out ( jo9t3 ,o curs$ spite1 ,t ev] ,i 0 born to set x "r6' 8,9 ^! words1 ,i imag9e1 w be f\nd ! key to ,hamlet's :ole proc$ure4 ,to me x is cle> t ,%akespe>e meant1 9 ! pres5t case1 to repres5t ! effects ( a great action laid ^u a s\l unfit = ! p]=mance ( x4 ,9 ?is view ! :ole play seems to me to be compos$4 ,!re is an oak-tree plant$ 9 a co/ly j>1 :i* %\ld h borne only pleasant fl[]s 9 its bosom3 ! roots exp&1 ! j> is %iv]$4 8,a lovely1 pure1 noble1 & mo/ moral nature1 )\t ! /r5g? ( n]ve :i* =ms a h]o1 s9ks b5ea? a burd5 x _c be> & mu/ n ca/ away4 ,all duties are holy = him3 ! pres5t is too h>d4 ,impossibilities h be5 requir$ ( him1--n 9 !mselves impossibilities1 b su* = him4 ,he w9ds & turns1 & torm5ts himself2 he advances & recoils2 is ev] put 9 m9d1 ev] puts himself 9 m9d1 at la/ does all b lose 8 purpose f 8 ?\ghts1 yet /ill )\t recov]+ 8 peace ( m9d40 ,sev]al p ent]+ int]rupt$ ! discussion4 ,!y 7 musical dilettanti1 :o commonly assembl$ at ,s]lo's once a week1 & =m$ a little conc]t4 ,s]lo himself lov$ music mu*3 he us$ to ma9ta9 t a play] )\t ta/e = x nev] c\ld atta9 a di/9ct conception & feel+ ( ! sc5ic art4 8,z a man p]=ms10 he w\ld obs]ve1 8) f> m ease & dignity :5 8 ge/ures are accompani$ & guid$ by a tune2 s ! play] ought1 9 idea z x 71 to set to music ev5 8 prose p>ts1 t he may n monoton\sly slight !m ov] 9 8 individual /yle1 b treat !m 9 suitable alt]nation by "t & measure40 ,aurelia seem$ to give b little he$ to :at 0 pass+3 at la/ %e conduct$ ,wilhelm to ano!r room2 & go+ to ! w9d[1 & look+ out at ! />ry sky1 %e said to him1 8,y h m to tell u ab\t ,hamlet3 ,i w n hurry y1--my bro!r mu/ he> x z well z ,i2 b let me beg to "k y\r ?\ghts ab\t ,ophelia40 8,( h] !re _c mu* be said10 he answ]$2 8= a few ma/]-/rokes complete h] "*4 ,! :ole be+ ( ,ophelia floats 9 sweet & ripe s5sation4 ,k9dness = ! pr9ce1 to ^: h& %e may aspire1 fl[s s spontane\sly1 h] t5d] he>t obeys its impulses s unresi/+ly1 t bo? fa!r & bro!r are afraid3 bo? give h] w>n+ h>%ly & directly4 ,decorum1 l ! ?9 lawn ^u h] bosom1 _c hide ! s(t1 /ill movem5ts ( h] he>t3 x1 on ! contr>y1 betrays !m4 ,h] fancy is smit2 h] sil5t mode/y brea!s amiable desire2 & if ! fri5dly goddess ,opportunity %\ld %ake ! tree1 its fruit w\ld fall40 8,& !n10 said ,aurelia1 8:5 %e beholds h]self =sak51 ca/ away1 despis$2 :5 all is inv]t$ 9 ! s\l ( h] craz$ lov]1 & ! highe/ *anges to ! l[e/1 &1 in/ead ( ! sweet cup ( love1 he (f]s h] ! bitt]' cup ( woe--0 8,h] he>t breaks10 cri$ ,wilhelm2 8! :ole /ructure ( h] be+ is loos5$ f its jo9+s3 h] fa!r's dea? /rikes fi]cely aga9/ x1 & ! fair edifice altoge!r crumbles into fragm5ts40 ,s]lo1 ?is mom5t ent]+1 inquir$ ab\t 8 si/]1 &1 look+ 9 ! book :i* our fri5d _h hold (1 cri$1 8,s y are aga9 at ,hamlet8 ,v good6 ,_m d\bts h aris5 9 me1 :i* seem n a little to impair ! canonical aspect ( ! play z y w\ld h x view$4 ,! ,engli% !mselves h admitt$ t its *ief int]e/ concludes ) ! ?ird act2 ! la/ two lagg+ sorrily on1 & sc>cely unit+ ) ! re/3 & c]ta9ly ab\t ! end x seems to /& /ock-/ill40 8,x is v possible10 said ,wilhelm1 8t "s individuals ( a nation1 :i* has s _m ma/]pieces to feel pr\d (1 may be l$ by prejudice & n>r[ness ( m9d to =m false judgm5ts2 b ?is _c h9d] u f look+ ) our own eyes1 & do+ ju/ice :]e we see x due4 ,i am v f> f c5sur+ ! plan ( ,hamlet3 on ! o!r h&1 ,i believe !re nev] 0 a gr&] "o inv5t$2 nay1 x is n inv5t$1 x is real40 8,h[ d y demon/rate t80 inquir$ ,s]lo4 8,i w n demon/rate any?+10 said ,wilhelm2 8,i w m]ely %[ y :at my own conceptions ( x are40 ,aurelia rais$ h]self f h] cu%ion1 lean$ ^u h] h&1 & look$ at ,wilhelm1 :o1 ) ! firme/ assurance t he 0 9 ! "r1 w5t on z foll[s3 8,x pleases u1 x flatt]s u1 to see a h]o act+ on 8 own /r5g?1 lov+ & hat+ at ! bidd+ ( 8 he>t1 und]tak+ & complet+ ca/+ e ob/acle aside1 & atta9+ "s great end4 ,poets & hi/orians w\ld will+ly p]suade u t s pr\d a lot may fall to man4 ,9 ,hamlet we are taught ano!r lesson2 ! h]o is )\t a plan1 b ! play is full ( plan4 ,"h we h no villa9 puni%$ on "s self-conceiv$ & rigidly accompli%$ s*eme ( v5geance4 ,a horrid de$ is done2 x rolls along ) all its consequ5ces1 dragg+ ) x ev5 ! guiltless3 ! guilty p]petrator w\ld1 z x seems1 evade ! abyss made ready = him2 yet he plunges 91 at ! v po9t by :i* he ?9ks he %all escape & happily complete 8 c\rse4 8,= x is ! prop]ty ( crime to ext5d its mis*ief ov] innoc5ce1 z x is ( virtue to ext5d its bless+s ov] _m t des]ve !m n2 :ile frequ5tly ! au?or ( ! "o or ! o!r is n puni%$ or rew>d$ at all4 ,"h 9 ?is play ( ours1 h[ /range6 ,! ,pit ( d>kness s5ds its _s & dem&s rev5ge3 9 va96 ,all circum/ances t5d "o way1 & hurry to rev5ge3 9 va96 ,nei!r e>?ly nor inf]nal ?+ may br+ ab\t :at is res]v$ = ,fate alone4 ,! h\r ( judgm5t comes2 ! wick$ falls ) ! good2 "o race is m[$ away1 t ano!r may spr+ up40 ,aft] a pause1 9 :i* !y look$ at "o ano!r1 ,s]lo said1 8,y pay no great complim5t to ,provid5ce1 9 ?us exalt+ ,%akespe>e2 & besides1 x appe>s to me1 t = ! honor ( y\r poet1 z o!rs = ! honor ( ,provid5ce1 y ascribe to him an object & a plan su* z he himself has nev] ?\ght (40 8,let me also put a "q10 said ,aurelia4 8,i h look$ at ,ophelia's "p aga93 ,i am cont5t$ ) x1 & confid5t t1 "u c]ta9 circum/ances1 ,i c\ld play x4 ,b tell me1 %\ld n ! poet h furni%$ ! insane maid5 ) ano!r sort ( songs8 ,c\ld n "s fragm5ts out ( melan*oly ballads be select$ = ?is purpose8 ,:y put d\ble mean+s & lascivi\s insipidities 9 ! m\? ( ?is noble-m9d$ girl80 8,de> fri5d10 said ,wilhelm1 8ev5 "h ,i _c yield y "o iota4 ,9 ^! s+ul>ities1 9 ?is app>5t impropriety1 a deep s5se is hid4 ,d we n und]/& f ! v fir/ :at ! m9d ( ! good1 s(t-he>t$ girl 0 busi$ )8 ,sil5tly %e liv$ )9 h]self1 yet %e sc>ce conceal$ h] wi%es1 h] long+3 & h[ (t5 may %e h attempt$1 l an unskilful nurse1 to lull h] s5ses to repose ) songs :i* only kept !m m awake8 ,b at la/1 :5 h] self-comm& is altoge!r gone1 :5 ! secrets ( h] he>t are hov]+ on h] tongue1 t tongue betrays h]2 & 9 ! innoc5ce ( insanity %e solaces h]self1 unm9dful ( k+ or que51 ) ! e*o ( h] loose & well-belov$ songs1--#8,tomorr[ is ,sa9t ,val5t9e's ,day1' & #8,by ,gis & by ,sa9t ,*>ity4' 4440 99 99 99 99 99 8,i mu/ admit y\r picture ( ,ophelia to be j10 cont9u$ %e2 8,i _c n[ misund]/& ! object ( ! poet3 ,i mu/ pity2 ?\gh1 z y pa9t h]1 ,i %all r pity h] ?an sympa?ize ) h]4 ,b all[ me "h to (f] a rem>k1 :i* 9 ^! few days y h frequ5tly sugge/$ to me4 ,i obs]ve ) admiration ! correct1 ke51 p5etrat+ glance ) :i* y judge ( poetry1 especially dramatic poetry3 ! deepe/ abysses ( inv5tion are n hidd5 f y1 ! f9e/ t\*es ( repres5tation _c escape y4 ,)\t ev] hav+ view$ ! objects 9 nature1 y recognize ! tru? ( _! images3 !re seems1 z x 71 a pres5tim5t ( all ! univ]se to lie 9 y1 :i* by ! h>moni\s t\* ( poetry is awak5$ & unfold$4 ,= 9 tru?10 cont9u$ %e1 8f )\t1 y receive n mu*3 ,i h sc>cely se5 a p]son t s little knew1 s totally misknew1 ! p he liv$ )1 z y d4 ,all[ me to say x3 9 he>+ y exp\nd ! my/]ies ( ,%akespe>e1 "o w\ld ?9k y _h j desc5d$ f a synod ( ! gods1 & _h li/5$ !re :ile !y 7 tak+ c\nsel h[ to =m m52 9 see+ y transact ) y\r fell[s1 ,i c\ld imag9e y to be ! fir/ l>ge-born *ild ( ! ,creation1 /&+ agape1 & gaz+ ) /range wond]m5t & edify+ good nature at lions & apes & %eep & elephants1 & true-he>t$ly address+ !m z y\r equals1 simply because !y 7 !re1 & 9 motion l y\rself40 8,! feel+ ( my ignorance 9 ?is respect10 said ,wilhelm1 8(t5 gives me pa92 & ,i %\ld ?ank y1 wor?y fri5d1 if y w\ld help me to get a little bett] insight into life4 ,f y\?1 ,i h be5 accu/om$ to direct ! eyes ( my _s inw>ds r ?an outw>ds2 & h5ce x is v natural t1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ,i %\ld be acqua9t$ ) man1 :ile ( m5 ,i h n ! smalle/ k44440 99 99 99 99 99 ,"o ( ! conditions "u :i* our fri5d _h gone ^u ! /age 0 n acc$$ to by ,s]lo )\t "s limitations4 ,wilhelm _h requir$ t ,hamlet %\ld be play$ entire & unmutilat$3 ! o!r _h agre$ to ?is /range /ipulation1 9 s f> z x 0 possible4 ,on ?is po9t !y _h _m a conte/2 = z to :at 0 possible or n possible1 & :at p>ts ( ! piece c\ld be omitt$ )\t mutilat+ x1 ! two 7 ( v diff]5t op9ions4 ,wilhelm 0 /ill 9 t happy season :5 "o _c und]/& h[1 9 ! woman "o loves1 9 ! writ] "o honors1 !re %\ld be any?+ defective4 ,! feel+ !y excite 9 u is s entire1 s accordant ) itself1 t we _c help attribut+ ! same p]fect h>mony to ! objects !mselves4 ,s]lo aga9 0 will+ to discrim9ate1 p]haps too will+3 8 acute und]/&+ c\ld usually disc]n 9 any "w ( art no?+ b a m or less imp]fect :ole4 ,he ?\ght t1 z pieces usually /ood1 !re 0 little reason to be *>y ab\t m$dl+ ) !m2 t ( c\rse ,%akespe>e1 & p>ticul>ly ,hamlet1 w\ld ne$ to suff] mu* curtailm5t4 ,b1 :5 ,s]lo talk$ ( sep>at+ ! :eat f ! *aff1 ,wilhelm w\ld n he> ( x4 8,x is n *aff & :eat toge!r10 said he3 8x is a trunk ) b\ghs1 twigs1 leaves1 buds1 blossoms1 & fruit4 ,is n ! "o !re ) ! o!rs1 & by means ( !m80 ,to :i* ,s]lo w\ld reply t p did n br+ a :ole tree ^u ! table2 t ! arti/ 0 requir$ to pres5t 8 gue/s ) silv] apples 9 platt]s ( silv]4 ,!y exhau/$ _! inv5tion 9 similitudes1 & _! op9ions seem$ /ill f>!r to div]ge4 ,our fri5d 0 on ! bord]s ( despair :5 on "o occasion1 aft] mu* debat+1 ,s]lo c\nsel$ him to take ! simple plan1--to make a brief resolution1 to grasp 8 p51 to p]use ! trag$y2 da%+ out :atev] w\ld n answ]1 compress+ sev]al p]sonages into "o3 & if he 0 n skill$ 9 su* proce$+s1 or _h n he>t en\gh = go+ ?r\gh ) !m1 he might leave ! task to him1 ! manag]1 :o w\ld engage to make %ort "w ) x4 8,t is n our b>ga910 answ]$ ,wilhelm4 8,h[ c y1 ) all y\r ta/e1 %[ s mu* levity80 8,my fri5d10 cri$ ,s]lo1 8y y\rself w erelong feel x & %[ x4 ,i "k too well h[ %ock+ su* a mode ( treat+ works is3 p]haps x nev] 0 all[$ on any !atre till n[4 ,b :]e1 inde$1 0 ev] "o s slight$ z ours8 ,au?ors =ce u on ?is wret*$ clipp+ sy/em1 & ! public tol]ates x4 ,h[ _m pieces h we1 pray1 :i* d n ov]/ep ! measure ( our numb]s1 ( our decorations & !atrical ma*9]y1 ( ! prop] "t1 ( ! fit alt]nation ( dialogue1 & ! physical /r5g? ( ! actor8 ,& yet we are to play1 & play1 & con/antly give novelties4 ,ought we n to pr(it by our privilege1 !n1 s9ce we accompli% j z mu* by mutilat$ works z by entire ones8 ,x is ! public itself t grants ! privilege4 ,few ,g]mans1 p]haps few m5 ( any mod]n nation1 h a prop] s5se ( an /hetic :ole3--!y praise & blame by passages2 !y are *>m$ by passages2 & :o has great] reason to rejoice at ?is ?an actors1 s9ce ! /age is ev] b a pat*$ & piece-"w matt]80 8,is60 cri$ ,wilhelm2 8b mu/ x ev] be s8 ,mu/ ev]y?+ t is cont9ue8 ,conv9ce me n t y are "r1 = no p[] on e>? %\ld =ce me to abide by any contract :i* ,i _h conclud$ ) ! grosse/ misconceptions40 ,s]lo gave a m]ry turn to ! bus9ess1 & p]suad$ him to review once m ! _m conv]sations !y _h _h toge!r ab\t ,hamlet1 & himself to inv5t "s means ( prop]ly re=m+ ! piece4 ,aft] a few days1 :i* he _h sp5t alone1 our fri5d return$ ) a *e]ful look4 8,i am mu* mi/ak510 cri$ he1 8if ,i h n n[ discov]$ h[ ! :ole is to be manag$3 nay1 ,i am conv9c$ t ,%akespe>e himself w\ld h arrang$ x s1 _h n 8 m9d be5 too exclusively direct$ to ! rul+ int]e/1 & p]haps misl$ by ! novels :i* furni%$ him ) 8 mat]ials40 8,let u he>10 said ,s]lo1 plac+ himself ) an air ( solemnity ^u ! s(a3 8,i w li/5 calmly1 b judge ) rigor40 8,i am n afraid ( y10 said ,wilhelm2 8only he> me4 ,9 ! composition ( ?is play1 aft] ! mo/ accurate inve/igation & ! mo/ mature reflection1 ,i di/+ui% two classes ( objects4 ,! fir/ are ! gr& int]nal relations ( ! p]sons & ev5ts1 ! p[]ful effects :i* arise f ! *>act]s & proce$+s ( ! ma9 figures3 ^!1 ,i hold1 are individually excell5t2 & ! ord] 9 :i* !y are pres5t$ _c be improv$4 ,no k9d ( int]f]5ce mu/ be suff]$ to de/roy !m1 or ev5 ess5tially to *ange _! =m4 ,^! are ! ?+s :i* /amp !mselves deep into ! s\l1 :i* all m5 long to see1 :i* no "o d>es to m$dle )4 ,accord+ly1 ,i und]/&1 !y h almo/ :olly be5 reta9$ 9 all our ,g]man !atres4 ,b our c\ntrym5 h err$1 9 my op9ion1 ) reg>d to ! second class ( objects1 :i* may be obs]v$ 9 ?is trag$y3 ,i allude to ! ext]nal relations ( ! p]sons1 :]eby !y are br\ght f place to place1 or comb9$ 9 v>i\s ways1 by c]ta9 accid5tal incid5ts4 ,^! !y h look$ ^u z v unimportant2 h spok5 ( !m only 9 pass+1 or left !m out altoge!r4 ,n[1 inde$1 x mu/ be own$1 ^! ?reads are slack & sl5d]2 yet !y run ?r\gh ! entire piece1 & b9d toge!r mu* t w\ld o!rwise fall asund]1 & does actually fall asund]1 :5 y cut !m (f1 & imag9e y h done en\gh & m1 if y h left ! ends hang+4 8,among ^! ext]nal relations ,i include ! di/urbances 9 ,norway1 ! w> ) "y ,=t9bras1 ! embassy to 8 uncle1 ! settl+ ( t feud1 ! m>* ( "y ,=t9bras to ,pol&1 & 8 com+ back at ! end2 ( ! same sort are ,horatio's return f ,witt5b]g1 ,hamlet's wi% to g ?i!r1 ! j\rney ( ,la]tes to ,france1 8 return1 ! despat* ( ,hamlet into ,engl&1 8 capture by pirates1 ! dea? ( ! two c\rti]s by ! lett] :i* !y c>ri$4 ,all ^! circum/ances & ev5ts w\ld be v fit = exp&+ & l5g!n+ a novel2 b "h !y injure exce$+ly ! unity ( ! piece1 p>ticul>ly z ! h]o has no plan1 & are1 9 consequ5ce1 entirely out ( place40 8,= once 9 ! "r60 cri$ ,s]lo4 8,d n int]rupt me10 answ]$ ,wilhelm2 8p]haps y w n always ?9k me "r4 ,^! errors are l tempor>y props ( an edifice3 !y mu/ n be remov$ till we h built a firm wall 9 _! /ead4 ,my project1 !re=e1 is n at all to *ange ^? fir/-m5tion$ gr& situations1 or at lea/ z mu* z possible to sp>e !m1 bo? collectively & individually2 b ) respect to ^! ext]nal1 s+le1 dissipat$1 & dissipat+ motives1 to ca/ !m all at once away1 & sub/itute a solit>y "o in/ead ( !m40 8,& ?is80 inquir$ ,s]lo1 spr++ up f 8 recumb5t po/ure4 8,x lies 9 ! piece itself10 answ]$ ,wilhelm1 8only ,i employ x rightly4 ,!re are di/urbances 9 ,norway4 ,y %all he> my plan1 & try x4 8,aft] ! dea? ( ,hamlet's fa!r1 ! ,norwegians1 lately conqu]$1 gr[ unruly4 ,! vic]oy ( t c\ntry s5ds 8 son1 ,horatio1 an old s*ool-fri5d ( ,hamlet's1 & di/+ui%$ above e o!r = 8 brav]y & prud5ce1 to ,d5m>k1 to press =w>d ! equipm5t ( ! fleet1 :i*1 "u ! new luxuri\s k+1 proce$s b sl[ly4 ,horatio has kn[n ! =m] k+1 hav+ f\ght 9 8 battles1 hav+ ev5 /ood 9 favor ) him1--a circum/ance by :i* ! fir/ gho/-sc5e w be no?+ injur$4 ,! new sov]eign gives ,horatio audi5ce & s5ds ,la]tes into ,norway ) intellig5ce t ! fleet w soon arrive2 :il/ ,horatio is commission$ to accel]ate ! prep>ation ( x3 & ! ,que51 on ! o!r h&1 w n cons5t t ,hamlet1 z he wi%es1 %\ld g to sea along ) him40 8,heav5 be prais$60 cri$ ,s]lo2 8we %all n[ get rid ( ,witt5b]g & ! univ]sity1 :i* 0 always a sorry piece ( bus9ess4 ,i ?9k y\r idea extremely good2 =1 except ^! two di/ant objects1 ,norway & ! fleet1 ! spectator w n be requir$ to fancy any?+3 ! re/ he w see2 ! re/ takes place be=e him2 :]eas 8 imag9ation1 on ! o!r plan1 0 hunt$ ov] all ! _w40 8,y easily p]ceive10 said ,wilhelm1 8h[ ,i %all contrive to keep ! o!r p>ts toge!r4 ,:5 ,hamlet tells ,horatio ( 8 uncle's crime1 ,horatio c\nsels him to g to ,norway 9 8 company1 to secure ! affections ( ! army1 & return 9 w>like =ce4 ,hamlet also is becom+ dang]\s to ! ,k+ & ,que52 !y f9d no readi] me?od ( deliv]ance ?an to s5d him 9 ! fleet1 ) ,ros5crantz & ,guild5/]n to be spies ^u him2 &1 z ,la]tes 9 ! meantime comes f ,france1 !y det]m9e t ?is y\?1 exasp]at$ ev5 to murd]1 %all g aft] him4 ,unfavorable w9ds deta9 ! fleet3 ,hamlet returns2 = 8 w&]+ ?r\gh ! *ur*y>d1 p]haps "s lucky motive may be ?\ght (2 8 meet+ ) ,la]tes 9 ,ophelia's grave is a gr& mom5t1 :i* we mu/ n "p )4 ,aft] ?is1 ! ,k+ resolves t x is bett] to get quit ( ,hamlet on ! spot3 ! fe/ival ( 8 dep>ture1 ! pret5d$ reconcilem5t ) ,la]tes1 are n[ solemniz$2 on :i* occasion knightly sports are held1 & ,la]tes fights ) ,hamlet4 ,)\t ! f\r corpses1 ,i _c end ! play3 no "o mu/ survive4 ,! "r ( popul> election n[ aga9 comes 9 =ce2 & ,hamlet1 :ile dy+1 gives 8 vote to ,horatio40 8,quick6 quick60 said ,s]lo1 8sit d[n & "w ! play3 y\r plan has my entire approbation2 only let n y\r zeal evaporate40 99 99 99 99 99 ,wilhelm _h already be5 = "s "t busi$ ) translat+ ,hamlet2 mak+ use1 z he labor$1 ( ,wiel&'s spirit$ p]=mance1 ?r\gh :i* he _h fir/ become acqua9t$ ) ,%akespe>e4 ,:at _h be5 omitt$ 9 ,wiel&'s "w he replac$1 & _h secur$ a complete v]sion1 at ! v "t :5 ,s]lo & he 7 pretty well agre$ ab\t ! way ( treat+ x4 ,he n[ began1 accord+ to 8 plan1 to cut out & ins]t1 to sep>ate & unite1 to alt]1 & (t5 to re/ore2 =1 satisfi$ z he 0 ) 8 own conception1 x /ill appe>$ to him z if1 9 execut+ x1 he 7 b spoil+ ! orig9al4 ,:5 all 0 f9i%$1 he read 8 "w to ,s]lo & ! re/4 ,!y decl>$ !mselves exce$+ly cont5t$ ) x3 ,s]lo1 9 p>ticul>1 made _m flatt]+ obs]vations4 8,y h felt v ju/ly10 said he1 among o!r ?+s1 8t "s ext]nal circum/ances mu/ accompany ?is play1 b t !y mu/ be simpl] ?an ^? :i* ! great poet has employ$4 ,:at takes place )\t ! !atre1 :at ! spectator does n see b mu/ imag9e1 is l a backgr\nd1 9 front ( :i* ! act+ figures move4 ,y\r l>ge & simple prospect ( ! fleet & ,norway w d mu* to improve ! play3 if ?is 7 altoge!r tak5 f x1 we %\ld h b a family sc5e rema9+2 & ! great idea t "h a k+ly h\se1 by int]nal crimes & incongruities1 goes d[n to ru91 w\ld n be pres5t$ ) its prop] dignity4 ,b if ! =m] backgr\nd 7 left /&+1 s manifold1 s fluctuat+ & confus$1 x w\ld hurt ! impression ( ! figures40 ,wilhelm aga9 took ,%akespe>e's "p2 alleg+ t he wrote = isl&]s1 = ,engli%m51 :o g5]ally 9 ! di/ance 7 accu/om$ to see little else ?an %ips & voyages1 ! coa/ ( ,france & private]s2 & ?us :at p]plex$ & di/ract$ o!rs 0 to !m q natural4 ,s]lo ass5t$2 & bo? 7 ( op9ion t1 z ! play 0 n[ to be produc$ ^u ! ,g]man /age1 ?is m s]i\s & simple backgr\nd 0 ! be/ adapt$ = ! ,g]man m9d4 ,! p>ts _h be5 di/ribut$ be=e3 ,s]lo und]took ,polonius2 ,aurelia1 ,ophelia2 ,la]tes 0 already designat$ by 8 "n2 a "y1 ?ick-set1 jolly newcom] 0 to be ,horatio2 ! ,k+ & ,gho/ alone occasion$ "s p]plexity1 = bo? ( ^! no "o b ,old ,boi/]\s rema9+4 ,s]lo propos$ to make ! ,p$ant1 ,k+2 b aga9/ ?is our fri5d prote/$ 9 ! /ronge/ t]ms4 ,!y c\ld resolve on no?+4 ,wilhelm _h also all[$ bo? ,ros5crantz & ,guild5/]n to cont9ue 9 8 play4 8,:y n compress !m into "o80 said ,s]lo4 8,?is abbreviation w n co/ y mu*40 8,heav5 keep me f all su* curtailm5ts60 answ]$ ,wilhelm2 8!y de/roy at once ! s5se & ! effect4 ,:at ^! two p]sons are & d x is impossible to repres5t by "o4 ,9 su* small matt]s we discov] ,%akespe>e's greatness4 ,^! s(t approa*es1 ?is smirk+ & b[+1 ?is ass5t+1 :e$l+1 flatt]+1 ?is :isk+ agility1 ?is wagg+ ( ! tail1 ?is allness & empt9ess1 ?is legal knav]y1 ?is ineptitude & insipidity1--h[ c !y be express$ by a s+le man8 ,!re ought to be at lea/ a doz5 ( ^! p1 if !y c\ld be _h2 = x is only 9 society t !y are any?+2 !y are society itself2 & ,%akespe>e %[$ no little wisdom & disc]nm5t 9 br++ 9 a pair ( !m4 ,besides1 ,i ne$ !m z a c\ple t may be contra/$ ) ! s+le1 noble1 excell5t ,horatio44440 99 99 99 99 99 ,?\gh 9 ?is remold+ ( ,hamlet _m *>act]s _h be5 cut (f1 a suffici5t numb] ( !m /ill rema9$1--a numb] :i* ! company 0 sc>cely adequate to meet4 8,if ?is is ! way ( x10 said ,s]lo1 8our prompt] himself mu/ issue f 8 d51 & m\nt ! /age1 & become a p]sonage l "o ( u44440 99 99 99 99 99 8,! v man60 exclaim$ our fri5d1 8! v man6 ,:at a =tunate discov]y6 ,we h n[ ! prop] h& = deliv]+ ! passage ( #8,! rugg$ ,pyrrhus4'0 8,"o requires y\r eag]ness10 said ,s]lo1 8be=e he c employ e object 9 ! use x 0 meant =40 8,9 tru?10 said ,wilhelm1 8,i 0 v mu* afraid we %\ld be oblig$ to leave ?is passage out3 ! omission w\ld h lam$ ! :ole play40 8,well6 ,t is :at ,i _c und]/&10 obs]v$ ,aurelia4 8,i hope y w erelong be ( my op9ion10 answ]$ ,wilhelm4 8,%akespe>e has introduc$ ^! travel+ play]s ) a d\ble purpose4 ,! p]son :o recites ! dea? ( ,priam ) su* feel+1 9 ! fir/ place1 makes a deep impression on ! pr9ce himself2 he %>p5s ! consci5ce ( ! wav]+ y\?3 &1 accord+ly1 ?is sc5e becomes a prelude to t o!r1 :]e1 9 ! second place1 ! little play produces su* effect ^u ! ,k+4 ,hamlet sees himself reprov$ & put to %ame by ! play]1 :o feels s deep a sympa?y 9 =eign & fictiti\s woes2 & ! ?\ght ( mak+ an exp]im5t ^u ! consci5ce ( 8 /epfa!r is 9 consequ5ce sugge/$ to him4 ,:at a royal monologue is t :i* ends ! second act6 ,h[ *>m+ x w be to speak x60 8#8,oh1 :at a rogue & peasant slave am ,i6 ,is x n mon/r\s t ?is play] "h1 ,b 9 a fiction1 9 a dream ( passion1 ,c\ld =ce 8 s\l s to 8 own conceit1 ,t1 f h] work+1 all 8 visage wann'd2 ,te>s 9 8 eyes1 di/raction 9's aspect1 ,a brok5 voice1 & 8 :ole function suit+ ,) =ms to 8 conceit8 & all = no?+6 ,= ,hecuba6 ,:at's ,hecuba to him1 or he to ,hecuba1 ,t he %\ld weep = h]8'0 444 ,9 p>ticul>1 "o ev5+1 ! manag] 0 v m]ry 9 speak+ ( ! "p ( ,polonius1 & h[ he meant to take x up4 8,i engage10 said he1 8on ?is occasion1 to pres5t a v m]itori\s p]son 9 8 be/ aspect4 ,! repose & security ( ?is old g5tleman1 8 empt9ess & 8 significance1 8 ext]ior gracefulness & int]ior meanness1 8 frankness & sycophancy1 8 s9c]e rogu]y & deceitful tru?1 ,i w introduce ) all due elegance 9 _! fit proportions4 ,?is respectable1 gray-hair$1 endur+1 "t-s]v+ half-knave1 ,i w repres5t 9 ! mo/ c\rtly /yle3 ! occasional r\ghness & co>s5ess ( our au?or's /rokes w fur!r me "h4 ,i w speak l a book :5 ,i am prep>$ be=eh&1 & l an ass :5 ,i utt] ! ov]fl[+s ( my he>t4 ,i w be insipid & absurd en\gh to *ime 9 ) e "o1 & acute en\gh nev] to obs]ve :5 p make a mock ( me4 ,i h seldom tak5 up a "p ) s mu* zeal & rogui%ness40 8,c\ld ,i b hope z mu* f m9e60 exclaim$ ,aurelia4 8,i h nei!r y\? nor s(tness en\gh to be at home 9 ?is "*4 ,"o ?+ alone ,i am too sure (1--! feel+ t turns ,ophelia's bra91 ,i %all n want40 8,we mu/ n take ! matt] up s /rictly10 said our fri5d4 8,= my %>e1 ,i am c]ta9 t ! wi% to act ! "* ( ,hamlet has l$ me exce$+ly a/ray ?r\gh\t my /udy ( ! play4 ,& n[1 ! m ,i look into ! "p1 ! m cle>ly d ,i see t1 9 my :ole =m & physiognomy1 !re is n "o feature su* z ,%akespe>e meant = ,hamlet4 ,:5 ,i consid] ) :at nicety ! v>i\s circum/ances are adapt$ to ea* o!r1 ,i c sc>cely hope to produce ev5 a tol]able effect40 8,y are ent]+ on y\r new c>e] ) becom+ consci5ti\sness10 said ,s]lo4 8,! actor fits himself to 8 "p z he c1 & ! "p to him z x mu/4 ,b h[ has ,%akespe>e drawn 8 ,hamlet8 ,is he s utt]ly unlike y80 8,9 ! fir/ place10 answ]$ ,wilhelm1 8he is fair-hair$40 8,t ,i call f>-fet*$10 obs]v$ ,aurelia4 8,h[ d y inf] t80 8,z a ,dane1 z a ,nor?man1 he is fair-hair$ & blue-ey$ by desc5t40 8,& y ?9k ,%akespe>e _h ?is 9 view80 8,i d n f9d x specially express$2 b1 by comp>ison ( passages1 ,i ?9k x inconte/able4 ,! f5c+ tires him2 ! sweat is runn+ f 8 br[2 & ! ,que5 rem>ks1 #8,he's fat1 & scant ( brea?4' ,c y conceive him to be o!rwise ?an plump & fair-hair$8 ,br[n-complexion$ p1 9 _! y\?1 are seldom plump4 ,& does n 8 wav]+ melan*oly1 8 s(t lam5t+1 8 irresolute activity1 accord ) su* a figure8 ,f a d>k-hair$ "y man1 y w\ld look = m decision & impetuosity40 8,y are spoil+ my imag9ation10 cri$ ,aurelia2 8away ) y\r fat ,hamlets6 ,d n set y\r well-f$ pr9ce be=e u6 ,give u r any succ$ancum t w move u1 w delight u4 ,! int5tion ( ! au?or is ( less importance to u ?an our own enjoym5t1 & we ne$ a *>m t is adapt$ = u40 99 99 99 99 99 ,"o ev5+ a dispute arose among our fri5ds ab\t ! novel & ! drama1 & :i* ( !m des]v$ ! pref]5ce4 ,s]lo said x 0 a fruitless & misund]/ood debate3 bo? might be sup]ior 9 _! k9ds1 only ea* mu/ keep )9 ! limits prop] to x4 8,ab\t _! limits & _! k9ds10 said ,wilhelm1 8,i confess myself n altoge!r cle>40 8,:o is s80 said ! o!r2 8& yet p]haps x 7 wor? :ile to come a little clos] to ! bus9ess40 ,!y conv]s$ toge!r long ^u ! matt]2 &1 9 f9e1 ! foll[+ 0 ne>ly ! result ( _! discussion3-- 8,9 ! novel z well z 9 ! drama1 x is human nature & human action t we see4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 ^! sorts ( fiction lies n m]ely 9 _! outw>d =m1--n m]ely 9 ! circum/ance t ! p]sonages ( ! "o are made to speak1 :ile ^? ( ! o!r h commonly _! hi/ory n>rat$4 ,un=tunately _m dramas are b novels :i* proce$ by dialogue2 & x w\ld n be impossible to write a drama 9 ! %ape ( lett]s4 8,b1 9 ! novel1 x is *iefly s5tim5ts & ev5ts t are exhibit$2 9 ! drama1 x is *>act]s & de$s4 ,! novel mu/ g sl[ly =w>d2 & ! s5tim5ts ( ! h]o1 by "s means or ano!r1 mu/ re/ra9 ! t5d5cy ( ! :ole to unfold itself & to conclude4 ,! drama1 on ! o!r h&1 mu/ ha/52 & ! "* ( ! h]o mu/ press =w>d to ! end3 x does n re/ra91 b is re/ra9$4 ,! novel-h]o mu/ be suff]+1--at lea/ he mu/ n 9 a high degree be active2 9 ! dramatic "o1 we look = activity & de$s4 ,gr&ison1 ,cl>issa1 ,pamela1 ! ,vic> ( ,wakefield1 ,tom ,jones himself1 are1 if n suff]+1 at lea/ ret>d+1 p]sonages2 & ! incid5ts are all 9 "s sort model$ by _! s5tim5ts4 ,9 ! drama ! h]o models no?+ by himself2 all ?+s )/& him2 & he cle>s & ca/s away ! h9drances f (f 8 pa?1 or else s9ks "u !m40 ,our fri5ds 7 also ( op9ion t1 9 ! novel1 "s degree ( scope may be all[$ to ,*ance1 b t x mu/ always be l$ & guid$ by ! s5tim5ts ( ! p]sonages2 on ! o!r h&1 t ,fate1 :i*1 by means ( outw>d1 unconnect$ circum/ances1 proce$s to an un=ese5 cata/rophe1 c h place only 9 ! drama2 t ,*ance may produce pa!tic situations1 b nev] tragic ones2 ,fate1 on ! o!r h&1 ought always to be t]rible1--& is1 9 ! highe/ s5se1 tragic1 :5 x br+s into a ru9\s concat5ation ! guilty man & ! guiltless t 0 unconc]n$ ) him4 ,^! consid]ations l$ !m back to ! play ( ,hamlet1 & ! peculi>ities ( its composition4 ,! h]o 9 ?is case1 x 0 obs]v$1 is end[$ m prop]ly ) s5tim5ts ?an ) a "*3 x is ev5ts alone t pu% him on1 & accord+ly ! play has 9 "s measure ! expansion ( a novel4 ,b z x is ,fate t draws ! plan1 z ! /ory issues f a de$ ( t]ror1 ! "w is tragic 9 ! highe/ s5se1 & admits ( no o!r ?an a tragic end4444 99 99 99 99 99 ,! necess>y prep>ations = sc5]y & dresses1 & :atev] else 0 requisite1 7 n[ proce$+4 ,9 reg>d to c]ta9 sc5es & passages1 our fri5d _h :ims ( 8 own1 :i* ,s]lo humor$1 p>tly 9 consid]ation ( _! b>ga91 p>tly f conviction1 & because he hop$ by ^! civilities to ga9 ,wilhelm1 & to lead him accord+ to 8 own purposes ! m implicitly 9 "t to come4 ,?us1 = example1 ! ,k+ & ,que5 71 at ! fir/ audi5ce1 to appe> sitt+ on ! ?rone1 ) ! c\rti]s at ! sides1 & ,hamlet /&+ undi/+ui%$ 9 ! cr[d4 8,hamlet10 said he1 8mu/ keep himself quiet2 8 sable dress w suffici5tly po9t him out4 ,he %\ld r %un rem>k ?an seek x4 ,n till ! audi5ce is end$1 & ! ,k+ speaks ) him z ) a son1 %\ld he advance1 & all[ ! sc5e to take its c\rse40 ,a =midable ob/acle rema9$1 9 reg>d to ! two pictures :i* ,hamlet s passionately ref]s to 9 ! sc5e ) 8 "m4 8,we ought10 said ,wilhelm1 8to h bo? ( !m visible1 at full l5g?1 9 ! bottom ( ! *amb]1 ne> ! ma9 door2 & ! =m] k+ mu/ be clad 9 armor1 l ! ,gho/1 & hang at ! side :]e x ent]s4 ,i c\ld wi% t ! figure held its "r h& 9 a comm&+ attitude1 7 some:at turn$ away1 &1 z x 71 look$ ov] its %\ld]1 t s x might p]fectly resemble ! ,gho/ at ! mom5t :5 he issues f ! door4 ,x w produce a great effect :5 at ?is in/ant ,hamlet looks ^u ! ,gho/1 & ! ,que5 ^u ! picture4 ,! /epfa!r may be pa9t$ 9 royal ornam5ts1 b n s /rik+40 ,!re 7 sev]al o!r po9ts ( ?is sort1 ab\t :i* we %all1 p]haps1 else:]e h opportunity to speak4 8,are y1 !n1 inexorably b5t on ,hamlet's dy+ at ! end80 inquir$ ,s]lo4 8,h[ c ,i keep him alive10 said ,wilhelm1 8:5 ! :ole play is press+ him to dea?8 ,we h already talk$ at l>ge on t matt]40 8,b ! public wi%es him to live40 8,i w %[ ! public any o!r complaisance2 b1 z to ?is1 ,i _c4 ,we (t5 wi% t "s gallant1 useful man1 :o is dy+ ( a *ronic disease1 might yet live long]4 ,! family weep1 & conjure ! physician2 b he _c /ay him3 & no m ?an ?is physician c )/& ! necessity ( nature1 c we give law to an ackn[l$g$ necessity ( art4 ,x is a false compliance ) ! multitude1 to raise 9 !m emotions :i* !y wi%1 :5 ^! are n emotions :i* !y ought1 to feel40 8,:oev] pays ! ca%10 said ,s]lo1 8may require ! w>e accord+ to 8 lik+40 8,d\btless1 9 "s degree10 repli$ our fri5d2 8b a great public %\ld be rev]5c$1 n us$ z *ildr5 are :5 p$dl]s wi% to hook ! money f !m4 ,by pres5t+ excell5ce to ! p1 y %\ld gradually excite 9 !m a ta/e & feel+ = ! excell5t2 & !y w pay _! money ) d\ble satisfaction :5 reason itself has no?+ to object aga9/ ?is outlay4 ,! public y may flatt]1 z y d a well-belov$ *ild1 to bett]1 to enlight5 x2 n z y d a pamp]$ *ild ( quality1 to p]petuate ! error y pr(it f40 ,9 ?is mann] v>i\s o!r topics 7 discuss$ relat+ to ! "q1 ,:at might /ill be *ang$ 9 ! play1 & :at mu/ ( necessity rema9 unt\*$8 ,we %all n ent] f>!r on ^? po9ts at pres5t2 b1 p]haps1 at "s future "t we may submit ?is alt]$ ,hamlet itself to su* ( our read]s z feel any int]e/ 9 ! subject4 ,,%akespe>e ,,ad ,,inf9itum 7#ahac-af7 ,!re has already be5 s mu* said ab\t ,%akespe>e t x w\ld seem z if !re 0 no?+ left to say2 & yet x is ! *>act]i/ic ( g5ius ev] to be /imulat+ o!r m5's g5ius4 ,9 ! pres5t case ,i wi% to consid] ,%akespe>e f m ?an "o po9t ( view1--fir/ z a poet 9 g5]al1 !n 9 comp>ison ) ! classic & mod]n writ]s1 & f9ally z a writ] ( poetic drama4 ,i %all attempt to "w out :at ! imitation ( 8 art has meant to u1 & :at x c mean 9 ! future4 ,i %all express my agreem5t ) :at has be5 writt5 by reit]at+ x1 & express my diss5t briefly & positively1 )\t involv+ myself 9 conflict & contradiction4 ,i proce$ to ! fir/ topic4 ,i4 ,%akespe>e z ,poet 9 ,g5]al ,! highe/ a*ievem5t possible to a man is ! full consci\sness ( 8 own feel+s & ?\ghts1 = ?is gives him ! means ( kn[+ intimately ! he>ts ( o!rs4 ,n[ !re are m5 :o are born ) a natural tal5t = ?is & :o cultivate x by exp]i5ce t[>ds practical ends4 ,f ?is tal5t spr+s ! ability to pr(it 9 a high] s5se by ! _w & its opportunities4 ,n[ ! poet is born ) ! same tal5t1 only he cultivates x n = 8 imm$iate worldly purposes b = a l(ti] spiritual & univ]sal purpose4 ,if we call ,%akespe>e "o ( ! greate/ poets1 we mean t few h p]ceiv$ ! _w z accurately z he1 t few :o h express$ _! inn] contemplation ( x h giv5 ! read] deep] insight into its mean+ & consci\sness4 ,x becomes = u completely transp>5t3 we f9d ourselves at once 9 ! mo/ intimate t\* ) virtue & vice1 greatness & meanness1 nobility & infamy1 & all ?is ?r\gh ! simple/ ( means4 ,if we ask :at ^! means are1 x seems z if !y 7 direct$ t[>ds our visual appreh5sion4 ,b we are mi/ak52 ,%akespe>e's works are n = ! physical vision4 ,i %all attempt to expla9 :at ,i mean4 ,! eye1 ! mo/ facile ( our organs ( receptivity1 may well be call$ ! cle>e/ ( ! s5ses2 b ! inn] s5se is /ill cle>]1 & to x by means ( words belongs ! mo/ s5sitive & cle> receptivity4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly obvi\s :5 :at we appreh5d ) ! eye seems ali5 & unimpressive consid]$ 9 & = itself4 ,b ,%akespe>e speaks always to our inn] s5se4 ,?r\gh ?is1 ! picture-_w ( imag9ation becomes animat$1 & a complete effect results1 ( :i* we c give no reckon+4 ,precisely "h lies ! gr\nd = ! illusion t ev]y?+ is tak+ place be=e our eyes4 ,b if we /udy ! works ( ,%akespe>e en\gh1 we f9d t !y conta9 mu* m ( spiritual tru? ?an ( spectacul> action4 ,he makes happ5 :at c easily be conceiv$ by ! imag9ation1 inde$ :at c be bett] imag9$ ?an se54 ,hamlet's gho/1 ,macbe?'s wit*es1 _m fe>ful incid5ts1 get _! value only ?r\gh ! p[] ( ! imag9ation1 & _m ( ! m9or sc5es get _! =ce f ! same s\rce4 ,9 read+1 all ^! ?+s pass easily ?r\gh our m9ds1 & seem q appropriate1 :]eas 9 repres5tation on ! /age !y w\ld /rike u unfavorably & appe> n only unpleasant b ev5 disgu/+4 ,%akespe>e gets 8 effect by means ( ! liv+ ^w1 & x is = ?is reason t "o %\ld he> him read1 = !n ! att5tion is n di/ract$ ei!r by a too adequate or a too inadequate /age-sett+4 ,!re is no high] or pur] pleasure ?an to sit ) clos$ eyes & he> a naturally expressive voice recite1 n declaim1 a play ( ,%akespe>e's4 ,accord+ to ! del9eation ( ! *>act]s we c picture to ourselves c]ta9 =ms1 b m p>ticul>ly are we able by ! succession ( words & phrases to le>n :at is pass+ 9 _! s\ls2 ! *>act]s seem to h agre$ to leave u 9 ! d>k1 9 d\bt1 ab\t no?+4 ,to t end conspire h]oes & lackeys1 g5tlem5 & slaves1 k+s & h]alds2 inde$ ev5 ! subord9ate *>act]s are (t5 m expressive 9 ?is way ?an ! lead+ figures4 ,ev]y?+ :i* 9 an affair ( great importance brea!s only secretly ?r\gh ! air1 or lies hidd5 9 ! he>ts ( m51 is "h op5ly express$4 ,:at ! s\l anxi\sly conceals & represses is "h br\ght freely & abundantly to ! light4 ,we exp]i5ce ! tru? ( life1--h[1 we d n "k6 ,%akespe>e associates himself ) ! ,_w-,_s2 l x1 he explores ! _w2 f nei!r is any?+ hidd54 ,b :]eas x is ! bus9ess ( ! ,_w-,_s to keep its secrets bo? be=e & aft] ! ev5t1 x is ! "w ( ! poet to tell !m1 & take u into 8 confid5ce be=e ! ev5t or 9 ! v action itself4 ,! deprav$ man ( p[]1 ! well-int5tion$ dull>d1 ! passionate lov]1 ! quiet s*ol>1 all c>ry _! he>t 9 _! h&1 (t5 contr>y to v]isimilitude4 ,e "o is c&id & loquaci\s4 ,x is en\gh t ! secret mu/ out1 & ev5 ! /ones w\ld publi% x4 ,! inanimate insi/s ^u speak+2 ! elem5ts1 ! ph5om5a ( sky1 e>? & sea1 ?und] & lightn+1 wild animals1 lift _! voice1 (t5 app>5tly symbolically1 b all jo9+ 9 ! revelation4 ,! :ole civiliz$ _w too br+s its treasures to ,%akespe>e2 ,art & ,sci5ce1 ,comm]ce & ,indu/ry1 all be> him _! gifts4 ,%akespe>e's poems are a great animat$ fair2 & x is to 8 own c\ntry t he owes 8 ri*es4 ,= back ( him is ,engl&1 ! sea-encircl$ & mi/-cov]$ c\ntry1 ^: ent]prise rea*es all ! p>ts ( ! e>?4 ,! poet lives at a noble & important epo*1 & pres5ts all its glory & its defici5cies ) great vivacity2 inde$1 he w\ld h>dly produce su* an effect ^u u 7 x n j 8 own life-epo* t he 0 repres5t+4 ,no "o despis$ ! out] co/ume ( m5 m ?an he2 b he und]/ood well ! inn] man1 & "h all are simil>4 ,x is said t he has del9eat$ ! ,romans ) wond]ful skill4 ,i _c see x4 ,!y are ,engli%m5 to ! bone2 b !y are human1 ?or\ghly human1 & ?us ! ,roman toga presumably fits !m4 ,:5 "o takes ?is into consid]ation1 "o f9ds 8 ana*ronisms entirely admirable2 inde$1 x is j 8 neglect ( ! out] =m t makes 8 works s vital4 ,en\gh ( ^! slight words1 :i* _c beg9 to s\nd ! praises ( ,%akespe>e4 ,8 fri5ds & wor%ip]s w h to add _m a ^w to !m4 ,b "o m rem>k3--x w\ld be h>d to f9d a poet ea* ( ^: works 0 m ?or\ghly p]vad$ by a def9ite & effective idea ?an 84 ,?us ,coriolanus is p]meat$ by ! idea ( ang] at ! refusal ( ! l[] classes to recognize ! sup]iority ( _! bett]s4 ,9 ,julius ,cs> ev]y?+ h+es on ! idea t ! upp] classes are n will+ to see ! highe/ place 9 ! ,/ate occupi$1 s9ce !y wrongly imag9e t !y are able to act toge!r4 ,antony & ,cleopatra expresses ) a ?\s& tongues ! idea t pleasure & action are ev] incompatible4 ,& s "o w ev] f9d1 9 se>*+ 8 works1 new cause = a/oni%m5t & admiration4 ,,ii4 ,%akespe>e ,comp>$ ) ! ,anci5ts & ! ,mod]ns ,! int]e/s :i* vitalize ,%akespe>e's great g5ius are int]e/s :i* c5tre 9 ?is _w4 ,= if prophecy & madness1 dreams1 om5s1 port5ts1 fairies & gnomes1 gho/s1 imps1 & conjur]s introduce a magical elem5t :i* s beautifully p]vades 8 poems1 yet ^! figures are 9 no way ! basic elem5ts ( 8 works1 b re/ on a broad basis ( ! tru? & fidelity ( life1 s t ev]y?+ t comes f 8 p5 seems to u g5u9e & s\nd4 ,x has already be5 sugge/$ t he belongs n s mu* to ! poets ( ! mod]n era1 :i* has be5 call$ 8romantic10 b mu* m to ! 8naturali/ic0 s*ool1 s9ce 8 "w is p]meat$ ) ! reality ( ! pres5t1 & sc>cely t\*es ! emotions ( unsatisfi$ desire1 except at 8 highe/ po9ts4 ,disreg>d+ ?is1 h[ev]1 he is1 f a clos] po9t ( view1 a decid$ly mod]n poet1 sep>at$ f ! anci5ts by an enorm\s gulf1 n p]haps ) reg>d to 8 out] =m1 :i* is "h beside our po9t1 b ) reg>d to 8 inn] & mo/ pr(\nd _s4 ,"h let me say t x is n my idea to use ! foll[+ t]m9ology z exhau/ive or exclusive2 x is an attempt n s mu* to add ano!r new anti!sis to ^? already recogniz$1 z to indicate t x is already conta9$ 9 ^!4 ,^! are ! anti!ses3-- ,anci5t ,mod]n ,natural ,s5tim5tal ,pagan ,*ri/ian ,classic ,romantic ,reali/ic ,ideali/ic ,necessity ,fre$om ,duty 7soll57 ,w 7woll57#h ,! greate/ ills to :i* m5 are expos$1 z well z ! mo/ num]\s1 arise f a c]ta9 inn] conflict betwe5 duty & w1 z well z betwe5 duty & its accompli%m5t1 & desire & its accompli%m5t2 & x is ^! conflicts :i* br+ u s (t5 into tr\ble 9 ! c\rse ( our lives4 ,little difficulties1 spr++ f a slight error :i*1 ?\gh tak+ u by surprise1 c be solv$ easily1 give ! clue to situations ( com$y4 ,! great difficulties1 on ! o!r h&1 unresolv$ & unresolvable1 give u trag$y4 ,pr$om9at+ 9 ! old poems is ! conflict betwe5 duty & p]=mance1 9 ! new betwe5 desire & accompli%m5t4 ,let u put ?is decid$ div]g5cy among ! o!r anti!ses & see if x does n prove sugge/ive4 ,9 bo? epo*s1 ,i h said1 !re pr$om9ates n[ ?is side1 n[ t2 b s9ce duty & desire are n radically sep>at$ 9 m5's *>act]s1 bo? w be f\nd toge!r1 ev5 if "o prevails & ! o!r is subord9ate4 ,duty is impos$ ^u m52 8mu/0 is a bitt] pill4 ,! ,w man imposes ^u himself2 man's w is 8 k+dom ( heav54 ,a long-cont9u$ obligation is burd5some1 ! inability to p]=m x ev5 t]rible2 b a con/ant w is pleasurable1 & ) a firm w m5 c console !mselves = _! inability to accompli% _! desire4 ,let u consid] a game ( c>ds z a k9d ( poem2 x consi/s ( bo? ^? elem5ts4 ,! =m ( ! game1 b\nd up ) *ance1 plays "h ! rle ( necessity1 j z ! anci5ts knew x "u ! =m ( ,fate2 ! w1 b\nd up ) ! skill ( ! play]1 works 9 ! o!r direction4 ,9 ?is s5se ,i might call :i/ 8classic40 ,! =m ( play limits ! op]ation ( *ance1 & ev5 ( ! w itself4 ,i h to play1 9 company ) def9ite p>tn]s & oppon5ts1 ) ! c>ds :i* come into my h&1 make ! be/ ( a long s]ies ( *ance plays1 )\t be+ able to control or p>ry !m4 ,9 ,ombre & simil> games1 ! contr>y is ! case4 ,"h are _m op5+s left = skill & d>+4 ,i c disav[ ! c>ds t fall to my h&1 make !m c\nt 9 diff]5t ways1 half or completely disc>d !m1 get help by luck1 & 9 ! play get ! be/ advantage out ( ! wor/ c>ds4 ,?us ?is k9d ( game resembles p]fectly ! mod]n mode ( ?\ght & lit]ature4 ,anci5t trag$y 0 bas$ on unescapable necessity1 :i* 0 only %>p5$ & accel]at$ by an oppos+ w4 ,"h is ! seat ( all t is fe>ful 9 ! oracles1 ! region 9 :i* dipus lords x ov] all4 ,less tragic appe>s necessity 9 ! guise ( duty 9 ! 8,antigone02 & 9 h[ _m =ms does x n appe>6 ,b all necessity is despotic1 :e!r x belong to ! realm ( ,reason1 l cu/om & civil law1 or to ,nature1 l ! laws ( ,becom+1 & ,gr[+ & ,pass+-away1 ( ,life & ( ,dea?4 ,be=e all ^! we tremble1 )\t realiz+ t x is ! good ( ! :ole t is aim$ at4 ,! w1 on ! contr>y1 is free1 appe>s free1 & is advantage\s to ! individual4 ,?us ! w is a flatt]]1 & takes possession ( m5 z soon z !y le>n to recognize x4 ,x is ! god ( ! mod]n _w4 ,d$icat$ to x1 we are afraid ( oppos+ doctr9es1 & "h lies ! crux ( t et]nal division :i* sep>ates our art & ?\ght f ! anci5ts4 ,?r\gh ! motive ( ,necessity1 trag$y became mighty & /rong2 ?r\gh ! motive ( ,w1 weak & feeble4 ,out ( ! latt] arose ! s-call$ ,drama1 9 :i* dread ,necessity is ov]come & dissolv$ ?r\gh ! ,w4 ,b j because ?is comes to ! aid ( our weakness we feel mov$ :51 aft] pa9ful t5sion1 we are at la/ a little enc\rag$ & consol$4 ,z ,i turn n[1 aft] ^! prelim9>ies1 to ,%akespe>e1 ,i mu/ express ! hope t ! read] himself w make ! prop] comp>isons & applications4 ,x is ,%akespe>e's unique di/9ction t he has comb9$ 9 su* rem>kable fa%ion ! old & ! new4 ,9 8 plays ,w & ,necessity /ruggle to ma9ta9 an equilibrium2 bo? cont5d p[]fully1 yet always s t ,w rema9s at a disadvantage4 ,no "o has %[n p]haps bett] ?an he ! connection betwe5 ,necessity & ,w 9 ! individual "*4 ,! p]son1 consid]$ z a "*1 is "u a c]ta9 necessity2 he is con/ra9$1 appo9t$ to a c]ta9 p>ticul> l9e ( action2 b z a human be+ he has a w1 :i* is unconf9$ & univ]sal 9 its dem&s4 ,?us arises an inn] conflict1 & ,%akespe>e is sup]ior to all o!r writ]s 9 ! significance ) :i* he end[s ?is4 ,b n[ an out] conflict may arise1 & ! individual ?r\gh x may become s ar\s$ t an insuffici5t w is rais$ ?r\gh circum/ance to ! level ( irremissible necessity4 ,^! motives ,i h ref]r$ to e>li] 9 ! case ( ,hamlet2 b ! motive is repeat$ con/antly 9 ,%akespe>e1--,hamlet ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ! gho/2 ,macbe? ?r\gh ! wit*es1 ,hecate1 & 8 wife2 ,brutus ?r\gh 8 fri5ds gets into a dilemma & situation to :i* !y 7 n equal2 ev5 9 ,coriolanus ! same motive is f\nd4 ,?is ,w1 :i* rea*es beyond ! p[] ( ! individual1 is decid$ly mod]n4 ,b s9ce 9 ,%akespe>e x does n spr+ f )91 b is develop$ ?r\gh ext]nal circum/ance1 x becomes a sort ( ,necessity1 & approa*es ! classical motive4 ,= all ! h]oes ( anci5t poetry will$ only :at 0 possible to m51 & f ?is arose t beautiful balance betwe5 ,necessity1 ,w1 & ,accompli%m5t4 ,/ill _! ,necessity is a little too sev]e = x really to be able to please u1 ev5 ?\gh we may wond] at & admire x4 ,a ,necessity :i* m or less1 or ev5 completely1 excludes human fre$om does n *ime ) our views any long]4 ,x is true t ,%akespe>e 9 8 own way has approximat$ ?is1 b 9 mak+ ?is ,necessity a moral necessity he has1 to our pleasure & a/oni%m5t1 unit$ ! _s ( ! anci5t & ! mod]n worlds4 ,if we are to le>n any?+ f him1 "h is ! po9t :]e we mu/ /udy 9 8 s*ool4 ,in/ead ( s++ ! praises ( our ,romanticism s exclusively1 & /ick+ to x s uncritically1--our ,romanticism1 :i* ne$ n be *idd5 or reject$1--& ?us mi/ak+ & obscur+ its /rong1 solid practical aspect1 we %\ld r attempt to make ?is great fusion betwe5 ! old & ! new1 ev5 ?\gh x does seem inconsi/5t & p>adoxical2 & all ! m %\ld we make ! attempt1 because a great & unique ma/]1 :om we value mo/ highly1 &1 (t5 )\t kn[+ :y1 give homage to above all o!rs1 has already mo/ effectively accompli%$ ?is miracle4 ,to be sure1 he _h ! advantage ( liv+ 9 a true "t ( h>ve/1 & ( work+ 9 a vigor\s ,prote/ant c\ntry1 :]e ! madness ( bigotry 0 sil5t = a "t1 s t fre$om 0 giv5 to a true *ild ( nature1 su* z ,%akespe>e 01 to develop religi\sly 8 own pure inn] nature1 )\t ref]5ce to any e/abli%$ religion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! prec$+ words 7 writt5 9 ! summ] ( #ahac2 ,i ask t ! read] w n n[ f9d fault ) me1 b simply recall :at 0 said above1--t ?is is m]ely an individual attempt to %[ h[ diff]5t poetic g5iuses h tri$ to reconcile & resolve t trem5d\s anti!sis :i* has appe>$ 9 _! works 9 s _m =ms4 ,to say m w\ld be sup]flu\s1 s9ce int]e/ has be5 c5tr$ 9 ?is "q = ! pa/ few ye>s1 & excell5t explanations h be5 giv5 u4 ,above all ,i wi% to m5tion ,blmn]'s highly valuable treatise1 ,on ! ,idea ( ,fate 9 ! ,trag$ies ( s*ylus1 & ! excell5t criticism ( x 9 ! supplem5t ( ! ,j5ais*e ,lit]aturzeitung4 ,!re=e1 ,i come )\t fur!r comm5t to my ?ird po9t1 :i* relates imm$iately to ! ,g]man !atre & to ,s*ill]'s ef=ts to e/abli% x = ! future4 ,,iii4 ,%akespe>e z ,playwright ,:5 lov]s ( art wi% to enjoy any "w1 !y contemplate & delight 9 x z a :ole1 t is1 !y try to feel & appreh5d ! unity :i* ! arti/ c br+ to !m4 ,:oev]1 on ! o!r h&1 wi%es to judge su* works !oretically1 to ass]t "s judgm5t ab\t !m1 or in/ruct "s "o ab\t !m1 mu/ use 8 discrim9at+ & analytic faculty4 ,?is we attempt$ to c>ry out :5 we discuss$ ,%akespe>e1 fir/1 z poet 9 g5]al1 & !n comp>$ him ) ! anci5t & mod]n poets4 ,n[ we int5d to close ! matt] by consid]+ him z a playwright1 or poet ( ! !atre4 ,%akespe>e's fame & excell5ce belong to ! hi/ory ( poetry2 b x is an inju/ice t[>ds all playwrights ( e>li] & m rec5t times to give him 8 entire m]it 9 ! annals ( ! !atre4 ,a univ]sally recogniz$ tal5t may make ( its capacities "s use :i* is problematical4 ,n ev]y?+ :i* ! great d is done 9 ! be/ fa%ion4 ,s ,%akespe>e belongs by necessity 9 ! annals ( poetry2 9 ! annals ( ! !atre he appe>s only by accid5t4 ,s9ce we c honor him s unres]v$ly 9 ! fir/ case1 x behooves u 9 ! second to expla9 ! conditions to :i* he _h to accommodate himself1 b n !re=e to extol ^! conditions z ei!r admirable or wor?y ( imitation4 ,we mu/ di/+ui% closely-relat$ poetic g5res1 h[ev] (t5 !y may be confus$ & m]g$ toge!r 9 actual treatm5t1--epic1 dialogue1 drama1 play4 ,epic requires ! v]bal deliv]y to ! cr[d ?r\gh ! m\? ( an individual2 dialogue1 conv]sation 9 a n>r[ circle1 :]e ! cr[d may ev5tually li/52 drama1 conv]sation b\nd up ) action1 ev5 if enact$ only be=e ! imag9ation2 play1 all ?ree toge!r1 9 s f> z !y appeal to ! s5se ( vision1 & c be embodi$ "u c]ta9 conditions ( p]sonal pres5ce & /age-sett+4 ,%akespe>e's works are 9 ?is s5se highly dramatic2 by 8 treatm5t1 8 revelation ( ! inn] life1 he w9s ! read]2 ! !atrical dem&s appe> to him unimportant1 & s he takes x easy1 & we1 spiritually speak+1 take x easy ) him4 ,we pass ) him f place to place2 our p[] ( imag9ation provides all ! episodes :i* he omits4 ,we ev5 feel grateful to him = ar\s+ our imag9ation 9 s pr(itable a way4 ,s9ce he exhibits ev]y?+ 9 dramatic =m1 he r5d]s easy ! work+ ( our imag9ations2 = ) ! 8/age t signifies ! _w10 we are m famili> ?an ) ! _w itself1 & we c read & he> ! mo/ phanta/ic ?+s1 & /ill imag9e t !y might pass be=e our eyes on ! /age4 ,?is acc\nts = ! frequ5tly bungl+ dramatizations ( favorite novels4 ,/rictly speak+1 no?+ is !atrical except :at is imm$iately symbolical to ! eye3 an important action1 t is1 :i* signifies a /ill m important "o4 ,t ,%akespe>e knew h[ to atta9 ?is summit1 t mom5t witnesses :]e ! son & heir 9 ,h5ry ,,iv takes ! cr[n f ! side ( ! slumb]+ k+1 :o lies sick unto dea?1--takes ! cr[n & m>*es pr\dly away ) x4 ,b ^! are only mom5ts1 scatt]$ jewels1 sep>at$ by mu* t is un!atrical4 ,%akespe>e's :ole me?od f9ds 9 ! /age itself some?+ unwieldy & ho/ile4 ,8 great tal5t is t ( a univ]sal int]pret]1 or 8epitomiz]0 7,epitomator71 & s9ce ! poet 9 ess5ce appe>s z univ]sal int]pret] ( ,nature1 s we mu/ recognize ,%akespe>e's great g5ius z ly+ 9 ?is realm2 x w\ld be only falsehood--& 9 no s5se is ?is to 8 di%onor--7 we to say t ! /age 0 a wor?y field = 8 g5ius4 ,^! limitations ( ! /age1 h[ev]1 h =c$ ^u him c]ta9 limitations ( 8 own4 ,b he does n1 l o!r poets1 pick out disconnect$ mat]ials = 8 sep>ate works1 b puts an idea at ! c5tre1 & to x relates ! _w & ! univ]se4 ,z he works ov] & boils d[n anci5t & mod]n hi/ory1 he c (t5 make use ( ! mat]ial ( old *ronicles2 inde$1 he (t5 adapts !m ^w = ^w4 ,) romances he does n deal s consci5ti\sly1 z ,hamlet %[s u4 ,romeo & ,juliet is tru] to ! orig9al2 /ill he almo/ de/roys ! tragic cont5t ( x by 8 two comic *>act]s1 ,m]cutio & ! old nurse1 play$ app>5tly by two favorite actors1 ! nurse p]haps orig9ally by a male p]=m]4 ,if "o exam9es ! con/ruction ( ! piece c>efully1 h[ev]1 "o notices t ^! two figures1 & :at surr\nds !m1 come 9 only z f>cical int]ludes1 & mu/ be z unbe>able to ! m9ds ( ! lov]s on ! /age z !y are to u4 ,b ,%akespe>e appe>s mo/ rem>kable :5 he revises & pieces toge!r already exi/+ plays4 ,9 ,k+ ,john & ,le> we c make ?is comp>ison1 = ! old] plays are extant4 ,b 9 ^! cases1 too1 he turns out to be m ( a poet ?an playwright4 ,9 clos+1 let u proce$ to ! solution ( ! riddle4 ,! primitiv5ess ( ! ,engli% /age has be5 br\ght to our att5tion by s*ol>s4 ,!re is no trace 9 x ( t /riv+ aft] realism1 :i* we h develop$ ) ! improvem5t ( ma*9]y & ! art ( p]spective & co/um+1 & f :i* we %\ld f9d x h>d to turn back to t *ildlike beg9n+ ( ! /age1--a scaffold+1 :]e "o saw little1 :]e ev]y?+ 0 signifi$1 :]e ! audi5ce 0 cont5t to assume a royal *amb] beh9d a gre5 curta92 & ! trumpet]1 :o always blew 8 trumpet at a c]ta9 place1 & all ! re/ ( x4 ,:o w\ld be cont5t to-day to put up ) su* a /age8 ,b amid su* surr\nd+s1 ,%akespe>e's plays 7 highly int]e/+ /ories1 only told by sev]al p]sons1 :o1 9 ord] to make some:at m ( an impression1 _h put on masks1 &1 :5 x 0 necess>y1 mov$ back & =?1 ent]$ & left ! /age2 b left to ! spectator nev]!less ! task ( imag9+ at 8 pleasure ,p>adise & palaces on ! empty /age4 ,h[ else !n did ,s*ro$] acquire ! great di/9ction ( br++ ,%akespe>e's plays to ! ,g]man /age1 except by ! fact t he 0 ! 8epitomiz]0 ( ! 8epitomiz]06 ,s*ro$] conf9$ himself exclusively to effect2 ev]y?+ else he disc>d$1 ev5 _m necess>y ?+s1 if !y seem$ to injure ! effect :i* he want$ to produce on 8 c\ntry & 8 "t4 ,?us by ! omission1 = in/ance1 ( ! fir/ sc5es ( ,k+ ,le>1 he annull$ ! "* ( ! play4 ,& he 0 "r1 = 9 ?is sc5e ,le> seems s absurd t we are n able1 9 :at foll[s1 to ascribe to 8 daught]s ! entire guilt4 ,we are sorry = ! old man1 b we d n feel real pity = him2 & x is pity t ,s*ro$] wi%es to ar\se1 z well z abhorr5ce = ! daught]s1 :o are inde$ unnatural1 b n :olly blamewor?y4 ,9 ! old play1 :i* ,%akespe>e revis$1 ?is sc5e produces 9 ! c\rse ( ! action ! lovelie/ effect4 ,le> flees to ,france2 ! daught]s & ! /epson1 f romantic caprice1 make a pilgrimage ov] ! sea1 & meet ! old man1 :o does n recognize !m4 ,"h ev]y?+ is sweet1 :]e ,%akespe>e's l(ti] tragic g5ius has embitt]$ u4 ,a comp>ison ( ^! plays w give ! ?\ghtful read] ev] fre% pleasure4 ,_m ye>s ago ! sup]/ition crept into ,g]many t ,%akespe>e mu/ be giv5 lit]ally ^w = ^w1 ev5 if actors & audi5ce 7 murd]$ 9 ! process4 ,! attempts1 occasion$ by an excell5t & exact translation1 7 n[h]e successful1 ( :i* fact ! pa9/ak+ & repeat$ endeavors ( ! /age at ,weim> are ! be/ witness4 ,if we wi% to see a ,%akespe>ean play1 we mu/ take up aga9 ,s*ro$]'s v]sion2 b ! notion t 9 ! /ag+ ( ,%akespe>e n an iota may be omitt$1 s5seless z x is1 "o he>s con/antly repeat$4 ,if ! def5d]s ( ?is op9ion ma9ta9 ! upp] h&1 9 a few ye>s ,%akespe>e w be q driv5 f ! /age1 :i* = t matt] w\ld be no great mis=tune2 = !n ! read]1 :e!r he be solit>y or sociable1 w be able to get s mu* ! pur] pleasure out ( him4 ,!y h1 h[ev]1 ) ! idea ( mak+ an attempt along ! l9es ( :i* we h spok5 9 detail above1 revis$ ,romeo & ,juliet = ! !atre at ,weim>4 ,! pr9ciples accord+ to :i* ?is 0 done we %all develop be=e long1 & x w p]haps become app>5t :y ?is v]sion1 ^: /ag+ is by no means difficult1 al?\gh x mu/ be h&l$ arti/ically & c>efully1 did n take on ! ,g]man /age4 ,attempts ( a simil> k9d are go+ on1 & p]haps some?+ is prep>+ = ! future1 = frequ5t endeavors d n always %[ imm$iate effects4 ,,footnotes3 #h 8,goe!1 9 a ?\ghtful essay1 ,%akespe>e und ke9 ,ende1 writt5 _m ye>s lat] ?an 8 fam\s criticism ( ,hamlet 9 ,wilhelm ,mei/]1 says t ! di/9ction betwe5 ! two anci5t & mod]n drama is ! diff]5ce betwe5 soll5 & woll51 t is1 betwe5 mu/ & w\ld4 ,he means t 9 ! ,greek drama ! cata/rophe is =eorda9$ by an inexorable ,de/9y1 :ile ! elem5t ( free w1 & consequ5tly *oice1 is ! v axis ( ! mod]n4 ,! def9ition is conv5i5tly portable1 b x has its limitations4 ,goe!'s att5tion 0 too exclusively fix$ on ! fate trag$ies ( ! ,greeks1 & ^u ,%akespe>e among ! mod]ns4 ,9 ! ,spani% drama1 = example1 cu/om1 loyalty1 honor1 & religion are z imp]ative & z inevitable z doom4 ,9 ! ,antigone1 on ! o!r h&1 ! crisis lies 9 ! "* ( ! protagoni/40--,james ,russell ,l[ell1 ,%akespe>e ,once ,m4 ,,fir/ ,,edition ,,( ,,hamlet 7#ahbg7 ,! ,fir/ ,edition ( ! ,trag$y ( ,hamlet1 by ,william ,%akespe>e1 ,london1 #afjc4 ,repr9t$ by ,fleis*]1 ,leipzig1 #ahbe4 ,9 ?is book ,%akespe>e's devot$ admir]s receive a valuable pres5t4 ,! fir/ unbias$ read+ has giv5 me a wond]ful impression4 ,x 0 ! old famili> ma/]piece aga91 its action & movem5t 9 no way alt]$1 b ! mo/ p[]ful & effective pr9cipal passages left unt\*$1 j z !y came f ! orig9al h& ( ! g5ius4 ,! play 0 exce$+ly easy & delightful to read4 ,"o ?\ght "o's self 9 a :olly famili> _w1 & yet felt some?+ peculi> :i* c\ld n be express$1 & ?is induc$ "o to give ! play a clos] consid]ation1 & inde$ a /rict] comp>ison ) ! old4 ,h5ce ^! few r&om rem>ks4 ,fir/ ( all1 x 0 noticeable t !re 0 no locality giv51 nor 0 !re in=mation ab\t ! /age-sett+1 & j z little ab\t ! division ( ! acts & sc5es4 ,all ?is 0 repres5t$ by 8,ent]0 & 8,exit40 ,! imag9ation 0 all[$ free play4 ,"o saw aga9 9 8 m9d's eye ! old primitive ,engli% /age4 ,! action took its impetu\s c\rse ( life & passion1 & "o did n take ! "t to ?9k ( su* ?+s z places4 ,9 ! m rec5t famili> revision we f9d ! division into acts & sc5es1 & locality & /age-sett+ are giv54 ,:e!r ^! are by him or by lat] /age-manag]s1 we leave undecid$ "h4 ,! ,polonius ( ! second revision is call$ ,corambis 9 ! fir/1 & ! rle appe>s ?r\gh ?is little circum/ance to take on ano!r "*4 ,! unimportant sup]num]>y rles 7 fir/ designat$ m]ely by numb]s1 b "h we f9d !m end[$ ) honor & significance ?r\gh be+ giv5 names4 ,we are ?us rem9d$ ( ,s*ill]1 :o 9 ,wilhelm ,tell gave names to 8 peasant wom5 & "s words to speak1 s t !y became m acceptable rles4 ,! poet does ! same "h ) gu>ds & c\rti]s4 ,if 9 ! fir/ edition we f9d a loosely writt5 syllabication1 9 ! lat] "o we f9d x bett] controll$1 ?\gh always )\t p$antry4 ,rhy?mic passages are divid$ into five-foot iambics1 ?\gh half & qu>t] v]ses are n avoid$4 ,s mu* = ! ext]nal expression4 ,a comp>ison ( ! inn] connections & relations w be ( pr(it to any admir] :o gives ! "w an individual /udy4 ,"h are only a few sugge/ions4 ,passages1 :i* 9 ! fir/ v]sion are only lightly sket*$ by ! h& ( g5ius1 we f9d m delib]ately execut$1 & 9 a way t we h to approve & admire z necess>y4 ,we come1 too1 ^u pleas+ amplifications1 :i* may n be absolutely necess>y1 b :i* are highly welcome4 ,"h & !re we f9d h>dly p]ceptible yet vivid asp]sions1 connective passages1 ev5 important transpositions to make a highly effective spee*1--ev]y?+ done ) a ma/]-h&1 ) intellig5ce & feel+1 ev]y?+ ?rill+ our emotions & cl>ify+ our insight4 ,ev]y:]e 9 ! fir/ v]sion we admire t sur5ess ( t\* :i*1 )\t l5g?y reflection1 seems r z if x _h be5 p\r$ out spontane\sly1 a vivify+ & illum9at+ discov]y4 ,& :atev] excell5ces ! poet may h giv5 to 8 lat] "w1 :atev] deviations he employ$1 at lea/ we f9d n[h]e any important omission or alt]ation4 ,only "h & !re "s r co>se & nave expressions are expung$4 ,9 clos+ we %all m5tion1 h[ev]1 a noticeable diff]5ce :i* conc]ns ! co/ume ( ! ,gho/4 ,8 fir/ appe>ance1 z we "k1 is 9 armor2 he is arm$ f head to foot2 8 face is pale & sad1 8 glance wan & yet au/]e4 ,9 ?is guise he appe>s on ! t]race1 :]e ! ca/le gu>d is m>*+ up & d[n1 & :]e he himself may (t5 h drawn up 8 w>riors4 ,9 ! closet ( ! ,que51 on ! o!r h&1 we f9d "m & son 9 ! famili> dialogue1 & f9ally ^! words3-- 8,que54 ,hamlet1 y break my he>t4 ,hamlet4 ,o ?r[ ! wors] "p away & keep ! bett]40 ,b !n foll[s3 8,ent] ! ,gho/ 9 8 night-g[ne40 ,:o1 on fir/ he>+ ?is1 does n f9d x = a mom5t incongru\s8 ,& yet if we grasp x1 if we ?9k x ov]1 we %all f9d x "r & prop]4 ,he %\ld--inde$ he mu/--appe> fir/ 9 armor1 :5 he is ent]+ ! place :]e he has ralli$ 8 w>riors1 :]e he has enc\rag$ !m to noble de$s4 ,& n[ we beg9 to be less confid5t ( our conviction t x 0 suitable to see him ent] ! private closet ( ! que5 9 armor1 too4 ,h[ mu* m private1 homelike1 t]rible1 is 8 entrance "h 9 ! =m 9 :i* he us$ to appe>--9 8 h\se app>el1 8 night robe1 h>mless & un>m$--a guise :i* 9 itself /igmatizes 9 ! mo/ pite\s way ! trea*]y :i* befell him4 ,let ! intellig5t read]1 z he may1 picture ?is to himself4 ,let ! /age-manag]1 conv9c$ ( ?is effect1 produce x 9 ?is way1 if ,%akespe>e is to be /ag$ 9 8 integrity4 ,x is wor? not+ t ! comm5tator ,/eev5s has already criticiz$ ?is sc5e4 ,:5 ,hamlet says3-- 8,my fa!r 9 8 habit z he liv$60 ?is disc]n+ critic adds ?is note3--8,if ! poet means by ?is expression t ! fa!r is appe>+ 9 8 own h\se co/ume1 he has ei!r =gott5 t at ! beg9n+ he introduc$ him 9 armor1 or else x mu/ be 8 int5tion 9 ?is latt] appe>ance to alt] 8 attire4 ,hamlet's fa!r1 j z a w>rior pr9ce might d1 does n always rema9 9 armor1 or sleep1 z !y tell ( ,k+ ,haakon1 ( ,norway1 ) 8 battle-ax 9 8 h&40 ,if we _h be5 clev] en\gh1 we %\ld h already ?\ght ( ,hamlet's fir/ utt]ance 9 ?is sc5e1 :5 he sees ! ,gho/3--8,:at w\ld y\r graci\s figure80 ,= we h n words en\gh to express all t ! ,engli% mean by ! ^w 8graci\s10--ev]y?+ t is k9d & g5tle1 fri5dly & b5ign1 t5d]1 & attractive1 is fus$ 9 t ^w4 ,c]ta9ly x is no t]m = a h]o 9 armor4 ,^! d\bts are happily n[ dispell$ by ! repr9t+ ( ! fir/ edition4 ,we are conv9c$ anew t ,%akespe>e1 l ! ,univ]se1 is always (f]+ u new aspects1 & /ill rema9s1 at ! end ( x all1 l(ty & inaccessible4 ,= all our p[]s are n compet5t to d ju/ice to 8 words1 mu* less 8 g5ius4 ,,troilus ,,& ,,cressida 7#ahbd7 ,a comp>ison ( ! ,iliad ) ,troilus & ,cressida leads to simil> conclusions3 "h1 too1 !re is nei!r p>ody nor trave/y1 b1 z 9 ! case ( ! eagle & ! owl two subjects tak5 f nature 7 put 9 /rik+ contra/ ) ea* o!r1 s "h are contra/$ ! intellectual fibre ( two epo*s4 ,! ,greek poem is 9 ! gr& /yle1 self-re/ra9$ & self-suffici5t1 us+ only ! ess5tial1 &1 9 description & simile1 disda9+ all ornam5t1--bas+ itself on noble my?s & tradition4 ,! ,engli% classic1 on ! o!r h&1 "o might consid] a happy transposition & translation ( ! o!r great "w into ! romantic-dramatic /yle4 ,9 ?is connection we %\ld n =get1 h[ev]1 t ?is piece1 l _m ano!r1 is bas$ on second-h& n>ratives1 already r5d]$ into prose1 & only half-poetical4 ,yet x is also q orig9al1 z mu* s z if ! anci5t piece _h nev] be5 at all2 = x requires j z pr(\nd a s9c]ity1 j z decid$ a tal5t1 to depict = u simil> p]sonalities & *>act]s ) s light a t\* & s lucid a mean+1 & repres5t !m = a lat] age ) all ! human traits ( t age1 :i* ?us sees itself reflect$ 9 ! guise ( ! anci5t /ory4 ,,on ,,o!r ,,writ]s ,,goe! ,,z ,a ,,"y ,,review] 7#aggb7 ,i ,lyrical ,poems1 by ,j4 ,c4 ,blum4 ,b]l91 #aggb ,we no long] feel c]ta9 :e!r x is wise = "y poets to read ! anci5ts e>ly4 ,our unimag9ative mode ( life /ifles g5ius1 unless ! s+]s ( fre] times k9dle x & op5 to x an atmosph]e at lea/ ideally m free2 b ^! v s+]s also brea! into ! s\l s exotic a _s t ! v be/ poet1 ) ! mo/ =tunate g5ius1 c soon m]ely support himself 9 8 flight ?r\gh 8 imag9ation1 & c no long] give expression to t gl[+ inspiration :i* alone makes true poetry4 ,:y are ! poems ( ! old skalds1 ( ! ,celts & ! old ,greeks1 ev5 ( ! ,ori5tals1 s /rong1 s fi]y1 s great8 ,nature drives !m to s++ z x does ! bird 9 ! air4 ,z = u 7= we _c deceive ourselves7 we are driv5 to ! lyre by an artificial & /imulat$ feel+1 :i* we owe to our admiration = ! anci5ts1 & to our delight 9 !m2 & = ?is reason our be/ songs1 ) few exceptions1 are m]ely imitative copies4 ,^! rem>ks h be5 sugge/$ by ! lyrical poems ( ,h]r ,blum4 ,?is poet is c]ta9ly n )\t tal5t1 & yet h[ seldom does he seem to be able to /& on 8 own feet :5 8 ,horace is n be=e 8 eyes4 ,! latt] illum9es ! way = him1 l ,h]o's tor*2 ! mom5t he mu/ g alone1 he s9ks4 ,space does n p]mit u to prove our po9t "h1 b we ask e read] :o kn[s 8 ,horace :e!r ! poet does n gr[ tir$ & cold :5ev] ,horace & ,k+ ,david d n l5d him ?\ghts1 feel+s1 expressions1 situations1 & 9 ! case ( ! =m] ev5 8 my?ology1 all ( :i*1 we mu/ feel1 are seldom us$ except :5 ! imag9ation creates ) a cold he>t4 ,! well-kn[n ,horatian dialogue1 ,donec gratus eram1 ,klei/ has translat$ mu* bett]2 b ! 8,lam5tation ( ,david & ,jona?an0 we h nev] se5 bett] v]sifi$ ?an "h4 ,we wi% ! writ] an unspoilt maid51 days ( complete leisure1 & ! pure _s ( poetry )\t ! _s ( m]e au?or%ip4 ,! v be/ ( poets deg5]ates :5 9 compos+ he ?9ks ( ! public1 & is fill$ ) a ye>n+ = fame1 especially newspap] fame1 r ?an completely absorb$ by 8 subject4 ,,ii ,cymbell9e1 a ,trag$y1 ,bas$ on a ,%akespe>ian ,!me by ,j4 ,g4 ,sulz]4 ,danzig1 #aggb4 ,! au?or1 oblig$ by a sev]e illness to avoid all fatigu+ "w1--s we are in=m$ 9 ! ,preface1--amus$ himself ) ! /udy ( ,%akespe>e's works4 ,we c\ld h told him 9 advance t ?is 0 no read+ = a convalesc5t2 :oev] wi%es to %>e 9 ! life t gl[s ?r\gh ,%akespe>e's plays mu/ himself be s\nd 9 body & m9d4 ,at all ev5ts1 our au?or1 mov$ by a cool1 weak1 critical mode/y1 regrett$ t s _m 8incongruits0 %\ld m> ! 8_m j s5tim5ts0 & 8"s beauties0 7z ! em95t ,dr4 ,johnson likewise rem>ks7 t are to be f\nd 9 ?is play4 ,s he resolv$ to sep>ate ! dross f ! gold 7t is vox populi critici 9 reg>d to ,%akespe>e s9ce "t immemorial71 & to attempt no?+ less ?an ?is3 :at ,sophocles w\ld approximately h done if he _h tri$ to make a play out ( ! same mat]ial4 ,s he trave/i$--no1 n trave/i$1 = !n some?+ ( ! appe>ance ( ! orig9al w\ld rema9--p>odi$--no1 n t ei!r1 = !n some?+ c\ld be guess$ by ! v contra/--:at !n8 :at ^w w express ! pov]ty t is "h1 comp>$ ) ! inf9ite ri*es ( ,%akespe>e6 ,%akespe>e1 :o felt ! _s ( sev]al c5turies 9 8 brea/1 ?r\gh ^: s\l ! life ( :ole c5turies 0 /irr+6--& "h--com$ians 9 silk & buckram1 & daub$ sc5e-pa9t+6 ,! sc5e a wood2 9 front a ?ick copse1 ?r\gh :i* "o ent]s a grotto2 9 ! backgr\nd a l>ge pa/ebo>d rock1 on :i* ladies & g5tlem5 sit1 lie1 are /abb$1 etc4 ,t is ! way ,sophocles w\ld h h&l$ ?is !me6 ,x is bad en\gh to take ,%akespe>e's play1 ^: v ess5ce is ! life ( hi/ory1 & r$uce x to ! ,sophoclean unity :i* aims m]ely at pres5t+ action2 b to model x on ! 8,treatise on ,trag$y0 9 ! fir/ "p ( ! old ,leipzig] ,biblio!k6#i ,we are c]ta9 t e "o1 n m]ely read]s ( ,%akespe>e1 w ca/ x aside ) contempt4 ,,footnotes3 #i ,by ,nicolai4 ,,byron',s ,,manfr$ 7#ahbj7 ,to me ,byron's trag$y ( ,manfr$ 0 a wond]ful ph5om5on1 t\*+ me closely4 ,?is s+ul> b highly gift$ poet has absorb$ my own ,fau/ into himself1 &1 l a hypo*ondriac1 drawn f x ! /range/ sort ( n\ri%m5t4 ,^? motives & ideas :i* suit$ 8 purposes he has made use (1 b 9 8 own orig9al way1 s t ev]y?+ seems diff]5t2 & = ?is reason ,i _c wond] en\gh at 8 g5ius4 ,?is trans=mation affects ! :ole s intimately t highly int]e/+ lectures c\ld be giv5 on ! simil>ity & dissimil>ity :i* 8 "w be>s to 8 patt]n2 b ,i d n d5y t 9 ! long run ! dull gl[ ( a b\ndless & pr(\nd despair becomes irksome to u4 ,yet 9 ! dissatisfaction :i* "o feels !re are always int]wov5 bo? admiration & respect4 ,?us we f9d 9 ?is trag$y q uniquely ! v qu9tess5ce ( ! feel+s & passions ( a rem>kable g5ius1 b a g5ius doom$ f bir? to suff]+ & angui%4 ,! details ( 8 life & ! *>act]i/ics ( 8 poetry h>dly p]mit ( a j & fair criticism4 ,he has (t5 en\gh confess$ 8 angui%2 he has repeat$ly pres5t$ x 9 8 v]se1 & x is difficult = any "o n to feel real pity = ! unbe>able pa9 :i* he is =ev] work+ & gnaw+ ov] 9 8 he>t4 ,!re are two wom5 ^: %ad[s foll[ him unceas+ly1 & :o play a l>ge rle 9 8 be/-kn[n works2 "o appe>s "u ! "n ,a/>te1 ! o!r1 )\t =m or pres5ce1 simply z ,a ,voice4 ,! foll[+ /ory is told ( ! tragic adv5ture :i* 0 8 exp]i5ce ) ! fir/4 ,z a "y1 d>+ & highly attractive y\? he won ! love ( a ,flor5t9e lady2 h] husb& discov]$ x & murd]$ h]4 ,b ! murd]] 0 f\nd dead t same night 9 ! /reet1 & !re 0 no?+ to ?r[ suspicion ^u a s+le s\l4 ,"l ,byron left ,flor5ce1 b ^! app>itions haunt$ him ?r\gh\t 8 :ole life4 ,?is romantic ev5t appe>s 9 8 poems 9 c\ntless allusions1 z = example :]e he1 probably brood+ ov] 8 own trag$y1 applies ! sad /ory ( ! k+ ( ,sp>ta to 8 own case4 ,! /ory is z foll[s3 ,pausanias1 ! ,lac$monian g5]al1 hav+ won fame 9 ! important victory at ,plata1 lat] ?r\gh arrogance1 /ubbornness1 & cruel treatm5t1 loses ! affection ( ! ,greeks1 &1 on acc\nt ( a secret und]/&+ ) ! enemy1 loses also ! confid5ce ( 8 c\ntrym54 ,he ?us br+s blood-guilt9ess ^u 8 head1 :i* pursues him to a mis]able end4 ,= :ile 9 comm& ( ! fleet ( ! ,greek allies 9 ! ,black ,sea1 he falls viol5tly 9 love ) a girl ( ,byzantium4 ,aft] a long /ruggle he w9s h] f h] p>5ts2 %e is to be br\ght to him 9 ! night4 ,fill$ ) %ame1 %e reque/s ! s]vants to put out ! light2 ?is is done1 b grop+ ab\t 9 ! room1 %e knocks ov] ! lamp-/&4 ,pausanias awakes sudd5ly f sleep1 suspects murd]1 seizes 8 sword & kills 8 belov$4 ,! horrible vision ( ?is sc5e nev] leaves him aft]w>ds1 its %ad[ pursues him unceas+ly1 s t he appeals 9 va9 to ! gods & to necromanc]s = aid & absolution4 ,:at a sick he>t ! poet mu/ h :o w\ld seek out su* a /ory f ! anci5t _w1 appropriate x to himself1 & burd5 himself ) its tragic image6 ,?is w expla9 ! foll[+ monologue1 s lad5 ) gloom & ! despair ( life2 we recomm5d x to all lov]s ( declamation = s]i\s practice4 ,hamlet's monologue is "h int5sifi$4 ,x w take consid]able art especially to pick out ! int]polations & yet keep ! connection & ! fl[ & smoo?ness ( ! :ole4 ,besides x w be discov]$ t a c]ta9 vehem5t1 ev5 ecc5tric1 expression is ne$$ 9 ord] to d ju/ice to ! int5tion ( ! poet4#aj ,,footnotes3 #aj ,! quotation :i* foll[s "h1 translat$ by ,goe! into ,g]man1 is ,manfr$'s spee* at ! end ( act #b1 sc5e #b1 beg9n+3 8,we are ! fools ( ,"t & ,t]ror6 ,days ,/eal on u1 & /eal f u2 yet we live1 ,loa?+ our life1 & dread+ /ill to die40 ,,byron',s ,,don ,,juan#aa 7#ahba7 ,9 hesitat+ "s "t ago to ins]t a passage f ,manzoni's ,c\nt ,c>magnola1 a piece :i* is p]haps translatable1 & 9 ! pres5t in/ance mak+ ! d>+ attempt to take up & discuss ! untranslatable ,don ,juan1 x may seem z if we are guilty ( an inconsi/5cy4 ,we %all !re=e po9t out ! diff]5ce betwe5 ! two cases4 ,manzoni is z yet b little kn[n among u1 & x is bett] t p %\ld le>n to "k 8 m]its fir/ 9 _! complete fullness1 z !y are pres5t$ only 9 ! orig9al2 aft] t1 a translation by "o ( our "y poets w\ld be decid$ly 9 ord]4 ,) ,"l ,byron's tal5t1 on ! o!r h&1 we are suffici5tly acqua9t$1 & c nei!r help nor injure him by translation1 = ! orig9als are 9 ! h&s ( all cultivat$ p4 ,yet su* an attempt1 ev5 if x 7 attempt+ ! impossible1 w always h a c]ta9 value4 ,= if a false reflection does n exactly give back ! orig9al picture to u1 yet x makes u att5tive at lea/ to ! mirror itself & to its m or less p]ceptible defects4 ,don ,juan is a "w ( inf9ite g5ius1 misan?ropical ) ! bitt]e/ inhumanity1 yet sympa!tic ) ! deepe/ int5sity ( t5d] feel+4 ,& s9ce we n[ "k ! au?or & e/eem him1 & d n wi% him to be o!rwise ?an he is1 we enjoy ?ankfully :at he d>es ) ov]great indep5d5ce1 inde$ insol5ce1 to br+ be=e u4 ,! te*nical treatm5t ( ! v]se is q 9 accord ) ! s+ul>1 reckless1 unsp>+ cont5t4 ,! poet sp>es 8 language z little z he does 8 m51 & z we exam9e x m closely we discov] inde$ t ,engli% poetry has a cultivat$ comic language :i* we ,g]mans :olly lack4 ,! comic 9 ,g]man lies prem95tly 9 ! idea1 less 9 ! treatm5t or /yle4 ,we admire ,li*t5b]g's ab\nd+ weal?2 he has at 8 comm& a :ole _w ( k & relations to mix l a pack ( c>ds & deal !m out rogui%ly at pleasure4 ,) ,blumau] too1 ^: compositions 9 v]se c]ta9ly possess ! comic _s1 x is especially ! %>p contra/ betwe5 old & new1 ari/ocrats & common p1 ! noble & ! mean1 t delights u4 ,if we exam9e fur!r we f9d t ! ,g]man1 9 ord] to be amus+1 /eps back sev]al c5turies & has ! luck to be peculi>ly +5u\s & engag+ only 9 dogg]el rhyme4 ,9 translat+ ,don ,juan !re are _m useful ?+s to be le>n$ f ! ,engli%man4 ,!re is only "o joke :i* we _c imitate f him1--"o t gets its effect by a s+ul> & dubi\s acc5t 9 words :i* look q diff]5tly on pap]4 ,! ,engli% l+ui/ may judge h[ f> ! poet 9 ?is case has wantonly exce$$ ! prop] limits4 ,x is only by *ance t ! v]ses ins]t$ "h happ5$ to be translat$1 & !y are n[ publi%$ n z a patt]n b = _! sugge/iv5ess4 ,all our tal5t$ translators ought to try _! skill at lea/ p>tly ^u !m2 !y w h to p]mit assonances & imp]fect rhymes & :o kn[s :at besides4 ,a c]ta9 laconic treatm5t w also be necess>y1 9 ord] to give ! full quality & significance ( ?is audaci\s mis*iev\sness4 ,only :5 some?+ has be5 accompli%$ along ^! l9es1 c we discuss ! subject fur!r4 ,possibly we may be reproa*$ = spread+ 9 translation su* writ+s z ^! ?r\gh ,g]many1 ?us mak+ an hone/1 peaceful1 decor\s nation acqua9t$ ) ! mo/ immoral works t ! art ( poetry ev] produc$4 ,b accord+ to our way ( ?9k+1 ^! attempts at translation %\ld n be int5d$ = ! press1 b may s]ve z excell5t practice = tal5t$ bra9s4 ,our poets may !n discreetly apply & cultivate :at !y acquire 9 ?is way1 = ! pleasure & delight ( _! c\ntrym54 ,no p>ticul> injury to morality is to be fe>$ f ! publication ( su* poems1 s9ce poets & au?ors w\ld h to ca/ aside all re/ra9t to be m corrupt+ ?an ! pap]s ( ! pres5t day4 ,,footnotes3 #aa ,?is pap] is prec$$ by a translation into ,g]man v]se ( ! fir/ five /anzas ( ,don ,juan4 ,,cald]on',s ,,daught] ,,( ,,! ,,air 7#ahbb7 8,de nugis hom9um s]ia v]itas ,uno volvitur ass]e40 ,c]ta9ly if any c\rse ( human follies1 pres5t$ 9 l(ty /yle1 is to be put ^u ! /age1 !n ?is drama %\ld c>ry (f ! prize4 ,we (t5 all[ ourselves to be *>m$ by ! m]its ( a "w ( art1 to ! ext5t t ! la/ good ?+ :i* has come be=e u we consid] & discuss z ! greate/ we h ev] se54 ,/ill ?is does no h>m1 = we /udy su* a "w !n con amore & all ! m closely1 & seek to discov] its m]its1 9 ord] t our judgm5t may be ju/ifi$4 ,= ?is reason ,i d n hesitate to ackn[l$ge t 9 ! ,daught] ( ! ,air ,i admire m ?an ev] ,cald]on's great tal5t1 8 l(ty g5ius & cle> insight4 ,we %\ld n fail to recognize t ! subject is sup]ior to 8 o!r plays1 9 t ! /ory is bas$ on motives purely human1 & !re is no m ( ! sup]natural elem5t ?an is necess>y = ! extraord9>y & ! exceptional 9 human affairs to develop & proce$ 9 natural fa%ion4 ,only ! beg9n+ & ! end are m>vel\s2 ev]y?+ else proce$s 9 a natural c\rse4 ,:at !re is to say ( ?is play is true ( all ! plays by ?is poet4 ,he gives u 9 no way a real view ( nature2 he is r !atrical ?r\gh\t1 ev5 /agey4 ,( :at we call illusion1 especially su* z t\*es ! feel+s1 we f9d n a trace4 ,! design is cle> to "o's m9d1 ! sc5es foll[ ( necessity1 9 a k9d ( ballet-ord]1 pleas+ & arti/ic 9 its way1 & sugge/ ! te*nique ( our late/ comic op]a4 ,! inn] lead+ motives are always ! same1--conflict ( duty1 passion1 conditions d]iv$ f ! anti!sis ( ! *>act]s & ! exi/+ relations4 ,! ma9 action proce$s 9 a poetic & dignifi$ mann]2 ! m9or sc5es1 :i* h an elegant movem5t1 9 ! /yle ( ! m9uet1 are rhetorical1 dialectical1 sophi/icat$4 ,all ! types ( humanity are exhau/$2 !re is n miss+ ev5 ! fool1 ^: simple m9d makes havoc ( deception :5ev] a pret5se is made ( sympa?y & k9dness4 ,n[ we mu/ admit on reflection t human situations & emotions _c be put on ! /age 9 _! primitive realism1 b mu/ be work$ up1 t\*$ up1 idealiz$4 ,& ?us we f9d !m 9 ?is case1 too2 ! poet h[ev] /&s on ! ?re%old ( ov]-ref9em5t1 he gives u a qu9tess5ce ( humanity4 ,%akespe>e on ! contr>y gives u ! ri* ripe grape f ! v9e4 ,accord+ to our ta/e we c enjoy ! s+le b]ries1 press !m out & ta/e or sip ! juice or ! f]m5t$ w9e--h[ev] we treat !m we are refre%$4 ,) ,cald]on1 on ! o!r h&1 no?+ is left to ! *oice or ta/e ( ! spectator2 we receive f him ! spirits already drawn (f & di/ill$1 season$ ) _m spices1 or flavor$ ) sweets2 we mu/ accept ! bev]age z x is1 z a delici\s & palatable /imulant1 or else refuse x4 ,b ! reason = our giv+ ! ,daught] ( ! ,air s high a place has already be5 sugge/$2 x is favor$ by its excell5t subject-matt]4 ,= we object to see+ a noble & free man1 z 9 sev]al ( ,cald]on's plays1 indulg+ 9 d>k error & l5d+ 8 reason to indiscretions & folly2 "h we h a qu>rel ) ! poet himself1 s9ce 8 mat]ial (f5ds u1 :]eas 8 mann] *>ms4 ,?is is ! case 9 ,! ,devotion ( ! ,cross & 9 ,daybreak 9 ,copacabana4 ,9 ?is connection we may say 9 pr9t :at we h (t5 express$ privately1 t we mu/ reg>d x z "o ( ! greate/ advantages ( life t ,%akespe>e enjoy$1 t he 0 born & br\ght up z a ,prote/ant4 ,he appe>s always z a human be+1 ) a complete fai? & confid5ce 9 human values & affairs3 error & sup]/ition he feels to be b5ea? him1 & only toys ) !m1 compell+ ! sup]natural to s]ve 8 purposes4 ,tragic gho/s1 droll gobl9s he summons to 8 ends1 9 :i* ev]y?+ is cl>ifi$ & cleans$ ( sup]/ition1 s t ! poet nev] feels ! dilemma ( be+ compell$ to deify ! absurd1 ! sadde/ d[nfall :i* mank9d1 consci\s ( possess+ reason1 c exp]i5ce4 ,return+ to ! ,daught] ( ! ,air1 ?is "q sugge/s itself3 ,if we are n[ enabl$ to transport ourselves to s remote an atmosph]e1 )\t kn[+ ! locality or und]/&+ ! language1 to ent] famili>ly into a =eign lit]ature )\t previ\s hi/orical rese>*1 & to br+ home to ourselves 9 "o example ! quality & flavor ( a c]ta9 age1 ! m9d & g5ius ( a p--to :om d we owe ?anks = all ?is8 ,evid5tly to ! translator1 :o all 8 life & ) labori\s indu/ry has ?us utiliz$ 8 tal5t to our b5efit4 ,our w>me/ ?anks1 !re=e1 we pres5t to ,dr4 ,gries2 he has giv5 u a gift ^: value is ov]:elm+1 a gift 9 consid]+ :i* we gladly refra9 f all comp>isons1 because x delights u by its cle>ness1 w9s u by its *>m1 & by ! complete h>mony ( all its p>ts conv9ces u t no?+ 9 x c\ld or %\ld h be5 diff]5t4 ,su* excell5ce old] read]s are likely to prize m highly1 = !y l to enjoy 9 com=t a p]fectly adequate pres5tation2 y\ng] m51 on ! contr>y1 actively engag$ 9 "w1 cop]at+ & /ruggl+1 d n always ackn[l$ge m]it :i* !y !mselves hope to emulate4 ,all honor !n to ! translator1 :o conc5trat$ 8 en]gies on a s+le po9t1 & w5t ahead 9 a s+le direction1 s t we c\ld enjoy 9 a ?\s& diff]5t ways6 ,,moli,,re',s ,,misan?rope 7#ahbh7 ,hi/oire de la ,vie et des ,ouvrages de ,molire1 p> ,j4 ,tas*]eau4 ,p>is1 #ahbh4 ,?is "w des]ves to be read c>efully by all true lov]s ( lit]ature1 because x gives u new insight into ! qualities & individuality ( a great man4 ,x w also be welcome to 8 devot$ admir]s1 al?\gh !y h>dly ne$ ?is 9 ord] to treasure him highly2 to ! att5tive read] he has reveal$ himself suffici5tly 9 8 works4 ,exam9e ! ,misan?rope c>efully & ask y\rself :e!r a poet has ev] repres5t$ 8 inn] _s m completely or m admirably4 ,we c well call ! cont5t & treatm5t ( ?is play 8tragic40 ,su* an impression at lea/ x has always left ) u1 because t mood is br\ght be=e our m9d's eye :i* (t5 9 itself br+s u to despair1 & seems z if x w\ld make ! _w unbe>able4 ,"h is repres5t$ ! type ( man :o despite great cultivation has yet rema9$ natural1 & :o ) himself1 z well z o!rs1 w\ld l only too well to express himself ) complete tru? & s9c]ity4 ,b we see him 9 conflict ) ! social _w1 :]e "o _c move )\t dissimulation & %all[ness4 ,9 contra/ to su* a type ,timon is m]ely a comic "*4 ,i wi% t a tal5t$ poet w\ld depict su* a vision>y :o 0 always deceiv+ himself z to ! _w1 & !n 0 greatly put out ) x1 z if x _h deceiv$ him4 ,,old ,,g]man ,,folksongs 7#ahjf7 ,des ,knab5 ,wund]horn4 ,old ,g]man ,songs1 edit$ by ,a*im von ,arnim & ,klem5s ,br5tano4 ,heidelb]g1 #ahjf4 ,we are decid$ly ( ! op9ion t = ! pres5t criticism %\ld n conc]n itself ) ?is collection4 ,! editors h collect$ & arrang$ ?is volume ) su* love & dilig5ce1 su* good ta/e & delicacy ( feel+1 t _! c\ntrym5 %\ld fir/ ( all %[ _! gratitude = ?is lov+ c>e by _! good-w1 _! int]e/1 & _! sympa!tic appreciation4 ,?is little book ought to be f\nd 9 e home 9 :i* lively & heal?y p dwell1--at ! w9d[1 "u ! mirror1 or :]ev] else songbooks & cookbooks are usually f\nd1 s t x may be op5$ 9 any happy or unhappy mood1 & "o may always f9d some?+ :i* /rikes a simil> or a new *ord1 ev5 ?\gh "o mu/ p]haps turn ov] a few pages4 ,b ! mo/ fitt+ place = ?is volume w\ld be ^u ! piano ( a lov] or a ma/] ( music1 s t full ju/ice might be done ! songs by sett+ !m to old famili> tunes1 or suitable tunes might be adapt$ to !m1 or1 ,god will+1 new & /rik+ melodies might be compos$ ?r\gh _! inspiration4 ,if ^! songs 7 !n borne f e> to e>1 f m\? to m\?1 clo!d 9 _! own melodi\s h>mony1 if !y gradually return$ reg5]at$ & enhanc$ 9 beauty to ! p f :om !y1 s to speak1 h 9 "p sprung1 !n we might truly say t ! little book _h fulfill$ its mission1 & c\ld n[ be lo/ aga9 9 its writt5 or pr9t$ =m1 because x _h become "p & p>cel ( ! life & culture ( ! nation4 ,b s9ce 9 our mod]n times1 especially 9 ,g]many1 no?+ seems to exi/ or to h any effect unless x is writt5 ab\t aga9 & aga91 adjudg$ & made a bone ( cont5tion1 a few rem>ks may n improp]ly be introduc$ "h ab\t ?is collection1--a few obs]vations :i* may n enhance our enjoym5t ( ! book1 b at lea/ w n impair or de/roy x4 ,:at may at ! outset be said unres]v$ly 9 praise ( ! collection is t x is ?or\ghly v>i$ & *>act]i/ic4 ,x conta9s m ?an two hundr$ poems ( ! la/ ?ree c5turies1 all ( !m diff]+ s mu* f "o ano!r 9 s5se1 conception1 s\nd1 & mann] t ! same criticism _c apply to any two ( !m4 ,we %all !re=e assume ! agreeable task ( *>act]iz+ "s ( !m 9 ord] z ! inspiration ( ! mom5t may prompt u3 ,! ,wund]horn4 ,fairy-l1 *ildlike1 pleas+4 ,! ,sultan's ,little ,daught]4 ,t5d] ,*ri/ian feel+1 *>m+4 ,tell & ,8 ,*ild4 ,hone/ & solid4 ,gr&mo!r ,snake-cook4 ,deep1 enigmatic1 dramatic1 admirably h&l$4 ,isaiah's ,face4 ,b>b>ic gr&eur4 ,fire ,incantation4 ,appropriate & true to ! _s ( ! brig&4 ,poor ,s*w>t5hals4 ,rogui%1 :imsical1 jolly4 ,dea? & ! ,maid54 ,aft] ! mann] ( ! ,dance ( ,dea?2 l a woodcut2 admirable4 ,nocturnal ,musicians4 ,droll1 extravagant1 inimitable4 ,! ,/ubborn ,bride4 ,humor\s1 some:at grotesque4 ,cloi/]-%y4 ,caprici\sly confus$1 yet to ! purpose4 ,! ,bragg>t ,knight4 ,v good 9 ! reali/ic-romantic mann]4 ,! ,black-br[n ,wit*4 ,r confus$ 9 transmission1 b ! !me ( ine/imable value4 ,love ,)\t ,ca/e4 ,romantic twilight4 ,! ,hospitality ( ,w9t]4 ,writt5 ) a great deal ( elegance4 ,! ,high-born ,maid54 ,*ri/ian p$antry1 b n :olly unpoetical4 ,love ,sp9s no ,silk4 ,*>m+ly confus$ & !re=e r\s+ ! imag9ation4 ,! ,fai? ( an ,huss>4 ,swiftness & lightness express$ 9 a wond]ful way4 ,! ,ratcat*] ( ,hameln4 ,t5ds t[>d ! mann] ( ! ballad-mong]1 b n co>se4 ,tuck ,y\r ,dress1 ,gretle94 ,aft] ! mann] ( vagabond poets2 unexpect$ly epigrammatic4 ,! ,song ( ! ,r+4 ,romantic t5d]ness4 ,! ,knight & ! ,maid54 ,romantic twilight2 p[]ful4 ,h>ve/ ,song4 ,a ,ca?olic fun]al hymn2 good en\gh to be ,prote/ant6 ,a ,surfeit ( ,le>n+4 ,a gallant piece2 b ! p$ant _c get rid ( 8 le>n+4 ,! ,fight at ,murt54 ,reali/ic1 probably mod]niz$4 ,! ,ha/e ( ,"t 9 ,god4 ,*ri/ian1 some:at too hi/orical1 b q suit$ to its subject1 & v good4 ,reveille4 ,priceless = any "o :o has ! imag9ation to und]/& x4 ,dr\ght4 ,?\ght1 feel+1 pres5tation ev]y:]e "r4 ,! ,drumm] ,boy4 ,lively pres5tation ( a di/ress+ incid5t4 ,a poem :i* ! discrim9at+ w f9d x difficult to mat*4 ,%\ld & ,mu/4 ,p]fect 9 plan1 al?\gh "h 9 a dismemb]$ & curi\sly re/or$ condition4 ,a ,fri5dly ,s]vice4 ,g]man romanticism1 pi\s & pleas+4 ,cradle ,song4 ,rhym+ nons5se1 p]fectly suit$ to put "o to sleep4 ,mill]'s ,f>ewell4 ,to "o :o c grasp ! situation1 a priceless ?+2 b ! fir/ /anza requires an em5dation4 ,abbot ,neidh>d & ,8 ,monks4 ,a prank ( ,till ,eul5spiegel ( ! v be/ sort1 & v well told4 ,! ,horrible ,m>riage4 ,an extraord9>y case2 9 ! ballad-mong]'s mann]1 b admirably h&l$4 ,! ,excell5t ,comrade4 ,nons5se2 b happy ! man :o c s+ x agreeably6 ,unrequit$ ,love4 ,v good1 b t5d+ t[>d a r ,phili/9e prose4 ,! ,little ,tree4 ,full ( long+ & playfulness1 yet full ( f]vor4 ,msalliance4 ,excell5t enigmatic fable1 b a cle>] treatm5t might h be5 m pleas+ to ! read]4 ,) ^! impromptu *>act]izations--= h[ c\ld !y be o!r ?an impromptu8--we d n int5d to anticipate ! judgm5t ( any read]s ( ! book1 & lea/ ( all ^? read]s :o by _! own lyric enjoym5t & ! appreciation ( a sympa!tic he>t c get m f ! poems !mselves ?an any brief *>act]izations l ours c ev] give !m4 ,we %\ld l1 h[ev]1 9 conclusion to say some?+ ab\t ! value ( ! collection z a :ole4 ,we h be5 accu/om$ = ye>s to give ! "n ( 8folksongs0 to ?is species ( poetry1 n because x is really compos$ by ! p or = ! p1 b because x embraces 9 itself some?+ s vigor\s & :olesome t ! heal?y /ock ( ! nation und]/&s x1 rememb]s x1 appropriates x1 & at times propagates x4 ,poetry ( ?is k9d is z true poetry z c possibly exi/4 ,x has an incr$ible *>m ev5 = u :o /& on a high] plane ( culture1 j z ! sight ( "y p & ! memory ( "o's own y\? h = old age4 ,art 9 !m is 9 conflict ) nature2 & x is because ( _! gradual developm5t1 _! mutual influ5ce1 & _! /riv+ = =m t ^! songs seem to seek a fur!r p]fection :5 !y h already rea*$ _! goal4 ,true poetic g5ius1 :]ev] x appe>s1 is p]fect 9 itself3 no matt] :at imp]fections ( language1 ( ext]nal te*nique1 or any?+ else1 /& 9 its way1 x possesses ! high] inn] =m :i* ultimately has ev]y?+ at its comm&1 & (t5 9 an obscure & imp]fect m$ium produces a m /rik+ effect ?an x c lat] produce 9 a m p]fect m$ium4 ,! vivid poetic p]ception ( a limit$ /ate or condition gives to :at is purely individual a univ]sal significance1 f9ite to be sure1 b aft] all limitless & unre/rict$1 s t )9 a small compass we fancy we see ! :ole _w4 ,! prompt+s ( a pr(\nd intuition urge ! poet to a significant brevity2 & :at w\ld seem 9 prose unp>donably topsy-turvy is to ! true poetic s5se a necessity & a virtue2 ev5 a solecism1 if x appeals s]i\sly to our :ole imag9ation1 /imulates x to a surpris+ly high degree ( enjoym5t4 ,9 *>act]iz+ ! individual poems we avoid$ ! k9d ( =mal classification :i* may m readily be made 9 ! future :5 sev]al au!ntic & typical examples ( e k9d h be5 collect$4 ,b we _c conceal our own pref]5ce = ^? songs 9 :i* lyric1 dramatic1 & epic treatm5t is int]wov5 9 su* a way t a problem1 at fir/ %r\d$ 9 my/]y1 is f9ally solv$ skilfully1 or ev51 if y w1 epigrammatically4 ,! well-kn[n ballad1 8,:y dois y\r br& sae drop wi' bluid1 ,edw>d1 ,edw>d80 is1 especially 9 ! orig9al1 ! mo/ p]fect example ( ?is species ( poetry4 ,we hope t ! editors w be enc\rag$ to publi% 9 ! ne> future ano!r volume ( poems f ! ri* /ore collect$ by !m z well z f ^? already pr9t$4 ,we tru/ t :5 !y d ?is !y w gu>d !mselves c>efully aga9/ ! s+-song ( ! ,m9nes+]s1 ! blatant co>s5ess & ! platitudes ( ! ,ma/]s+]s1 z well z aga9/ ev]y?+ monki% & p$antic4 ,if !y %\ld collect a second volume ( ^! ,g]man songs1 !y might also be ask$ to select songs ( ! same k9d f =eign nations & to give !m 9 ! orig9al & 9 translations t are ei!r already extant or may be made by !m = ?is special purpose4 ,! mo/ ( ^!1 to be sure1 w be f ! ,engli%1 few] f ! ,fr5*1 "s ( a diff]5t type f ! ,spani%1 & almo/ none f ! ,italian4 ,if f ! outset we h d\bt$ ! compet5ce ( criticism1 ev5 9 its highe/ s5se1 to judge ?is "w1 we h all ! m reason to ignore t k9d ( rese>* :i* attempts to sep>ate ! songs t are g5u9e f ^? t h be5 m or less re/or$4 ,! editors1 s f> z x is possible 9 ^! lat] times1 h caught ! _s ( _! task1 & we ought to be grateful to !m ev5 = ^? poems :i* h be5 oddly re/or$ or made up ( het]og5e\s p>ts or are absolutely spuri\s4 ,:o does n "k :at a song has to und]go :5 x has be5 = "s "t 9 ! m\? ( ! p1 & n m]ely un$ucat$ p ei!r8 ,:y %\ld he :o f9ally writes x d[n & ins]ts x 9 a collection ) o!r poems n h a c]ta9 p]sonal "r to x8 ,we d n possess any poetic or sacr$ book ( e>li] times :i* has n dep5d$ = its f9al =m on ! skill or :im ( him :o fir/ wrote x d[n or "s lat] copyi/4 ,if we accept ! pr9t$ collection ly+ be=e u f ?is po9t ( view1 & ) a grateful & k9dly _s1 we may *>ge ! editors all ! m e>ne/ly to keep _! poetic ar*ives pure1 l(ty1 & 9 good ord]4 ,x s]ves no purpose to pr9t ev]y?+2 b !y w place ! :ole nation 9 _! debt if !y contribute t[>d t ?or\gh1 fai?ful1 & intellig5t hi/ory ( our poetry & our poetic culture :i* f n[ on mu/ be ! ultimate goal ( s*ol>s4 ,,folksongs ,,aga9 ,,comm5d$ 7#ahbc7 ,my old love = orig9al folksongs has n less5$1 b has r be5 increas$ by receiv+ valuable communications f _m qu>t]s4 ,9 p>ticul>1 ,i h receiv$ f ! ,ea/1 "s sep>ately1 & "s 9 collections1 su* songs ( _m diff]5t peoples2 !y ext5d f ,olympus to ! ,baltic ,sea1 & f t l9e t[>ds ! nor!a/4 ,my hesitation 9 publi%+ any ( !m is due p>tly to ! fact t _m v>i$ int]e/s h drawn me "h & !re & s prev5t$ me1 b also m p>ticul>ly to ! foll[+ circum/ance4 ,all true national poems h a small circle ( ideas1 to :i* !y are always limit$1 & 9 :i* !y revolve4 ,= t reason !y become monoton\s 9 mass1 because !y express "o & ! same limit$ situation4 ,exam9e ! six mod]n ,greek songs ins]t$ above2 e "o w admire ! p[]ful contra/ betwe5 ! virile fre$om ( _s 9 ! wild]ness & a gov]nm5t1 ord]ly inde$1 b /ill b>b>ic & ( insuffici5t p[]4 ,a doz5 or m w\ld be suffici5t to exhibit ?is refractory "* 9 !m1 & %[ u repetitions su* z we f9d 9 our own folksongs1 :]e we (t5 come ^u m or less happy v>iations ( ! same !me1 z well z mix$ & het]og5e\s fragm5ts4 ,x is rem>kable1 nev]!less1 h[ mu* ! individual peoples m5tion$ above diff] among !mselves 9 _! songs2 ?is *>act]i/ic we %all n discuss ab/ractly1 b w r develop by means ( examples f "t to "t 9 ! ensu+ numb]s4 ,s9ce contributions = ?is purpose w be highly welcome f all qu>t]s1 we reque/ ! fri5d :o %[$ u at ,wiesbad5 9 ! summ] ( #ahae "s ,greek songs 9 ! orig9al & 9 a v happy translation1 promis+ to s5d u soon a copy :i* nev] h[ev] appe>$1 to get 9 t\* ) u aga9 & coop]ate ) u 9 ?is praisewor?y und]tak+4 ,,laur5ce ,,/]ne 7#ahbg7 ,9 ! swift progress ( lit]>y1 z ( human1 culture x happ5s commonly t we =get ! p]son to :om we owe ! fir/ /imulus1 ! orig9al influ5ce4 ,:at is1 & :at fl\ri%es "h & n[1 we believe _h to be s & _h to happ5 s4 ,b 9 ?is we are wrong1 = we lose sight ( ^? :o guid$ u to ! "r pa?4 ,f ?is po9t ( view ,i call att5tion to a man :o fir/ gave ! /imulus to ! great epo* 9 ! second half ( ! la/ c5tury1 an epo* ( cle>] human k1 nobl] tol]ation1 g5tl] humanity4 ,( ?is man1 to :om ,i owe s mu*1 ,i am (t5 rem9d$1 especially :5 ! talk is ( tru? & error1 :i* fluctuate "h & !re among mank9d4 ,a ?ird ^w may be add$ ( g5tl] mean+1 t is1 8s+ul>ity0 7,eig5heit71 = !re are c]ta9 human ph5om5a :i* c be be/ express$ by ?is t]m4 ,view$ ext]nally !y are errone\s1 b f )9 full ( tru?1 & rightly consid]$1 ( ! highe/ psy*ological importance4 ,!y are ^? qualities :i* con/itute ! individual2 ! univ]sal is !reby specifi$1 & 9 ! mo/ peculi> ( !m !re always %9es "s intellig5ce1 reason1 & good-w :i* *>ms u & fett]s u4 ,f ?is /&po9t1 8,yorick0 ,/]ne1 reveal+ 9 ! t5d]e/ way ! human 9 m51 has call$ ^! 8s+ul>ities10 9 s f> z !y express !mselves 9 action1 8rul+ passions40 ,= c]ta9ly !y are :at drive m5 9 a c]ta9 direction1 pu% !m along on a consi/5t track1 & )\t requir+ reflection1 conviction1 purpose or /r5g? ( w1 keep !m cont9ually 9 life & motion4 ,x is imm$iately app>5t h[ closely relat$ habit is to !m2 = x promotes t conv5i5ce 9 :i* our idiosyncrasies love to saunt] undi/urb$4 ,,! ,,engli% ,,review]s 7#ahba7 ,engli% critics1 z we h come to "k !m f _! v>i\s ,reviews1 des]ve a great deal ( respect4 ,_! acqua9tance n only ) _! own lit]ature1 b also ) t ( o!r c\ntries1 is mo/ gratify+2 ! s]i\sness & ! ?or\ghness ) :i* !y g to "w ar\se our admiration1 & we are glad to confess t mu* may be le>n$ f !m4 ,moreov]1 we f9d ourselves v favorably impress$ by ! attitude ^! m5 take t[>d _! call+ z critics & ! respect :i* !y h = ! intellig5ce ( ! public1--a public1 to be sure1 :i* is v att5tive to all ?+s writt5 & spok51 b is probably h>d to satisfy1 & ev] dispos$ to contradict & argue4 ,no matt] h[ ?or\gh & compreh5sive ! pres5tation ( a case by an attorney be=e a body ( judges or by a speak] be=e a prov9cial diet may be1 "s oppon5t w v soon come to ! =e ) =cible argum5ts2 ! att5tive & critical he>]s w !mselves be divid$1 & _m an important matt] is (t5 decid$ by a v small majority4 ,su* a _s ( opposition1 ev5 ?\gh passive1 we occasionally assume t[>d critics1 bo? at home & abroad1 ^: k ( facts we by no means d5y & ^: premises we (t5 grant1 b ^: conclusions nev]!less we d n %>e4 ,/ill we mu/ be especially =be>+ to ! ,engli% :5 !y appe> h>% & unju/ t[>d =eign productions2 = ^? :o c\nt ,%akespe>e among _! =ebe>s may well all[ !mselves to be c>ri$ away by _! pride ( ance/ry4 ,,g]man ,,lit]ature ,,9 ,,goe!',s ,,y\? 7#ahaa-ad7 ,s mu* has be5 writt5 ab\t ! condition ( ,g]man lit]ature at t "t1#ab & to su* good purpose1 t e "o :o takes any int]e/ 9 x c obta9 full in=mation2 ! op9ions ) reg>d to x1 too1 are fairly unanim\s2 s t any?+ ,i say ab\t x "h1 9 my fragm5t>y & desultory fa%ion1 is n s mu* an analysis ( its *>act]i/ics z ( its relation to me4 ,i w !re=e fir/ speak ( ^? bran*es :i* especially react ^u ! public1 ^? two h]$it>y foes ( all easy-go+ life1 & ( all *e]ful1 self-suffici5t1 liv+ poetry3--,i mean1 satire & criticism4 ,9 quiet times e "o desires to live aft] 8 own fa%ion2 ! citiz5 wi%es to c>ry on 8 trade or 8 bus9ess1 & !n enjoy himself2 s1 too1 ! au?or likes to produce some?+1 see 8 "w publi%$1 &1 9 ! consci\sness ( hav+ done some?+ good & useful1 looks1 if n = remun]ation1 at any rate = praise4 ,f ?is /ate ( tranquillity ! citiz5 is r\s$ by ! satiri/1 ! au?or by ! critic1 & s x comes t peaceful society is rudely di/urb$4 ,! lit]>y epo* 9 :i* ,i 0 born develop$ out ( ! prec$+ "o by opposition4 ,g]many1 s long inundat$ by =eign p1 p]vad$ by o!r nations1 employ+ =eign languages 9 le>n$ & diplomatic transactions1 c\ld n possibly cultivate h] own4 ,toge!r ) s _m new ideas1 innum]able /range words 7 obtrud$ necess>ily & unnecess>ily ^u h]1 & ev5 = objects already kn[n p 7 induc$ to make use ( =eign expressions & turns ( language4 ,! ,g]mans1 brutaliz$ by ne>ly two c5turies ( mis]y & confusion1 took lessons f ! ,fr5* 9 mann]s & f ! ,lat9s 9 ! art ( expression4 ,?is art ought to h be5 cultivat$ 9 ,g]man1 s9ce ! use ( ,fr5* & ,lat9 idioms1 & _! p>tial translation into ,g]man1 made bo? _! social & bus9ess /yle ridicul\s4 ,besides ?is1 !y recklessly adopt$ figures ( spee* belong+ to ! s\!rn languages1 & employ$ !m mo/ extravagantly4 ,9 ! same way ! /ately c]emoni\sness ( pr9ce-l ,roman citiz5s _h be5 transf]r$ to ! educat$ circles 9 ,g]man prov9cial t[ns4 ,z a result1 !y n[h]e felt !mselves at home1 lea/ ( all 9 _! own h\ses4 ,b 9 ?is epo* works ( g5ius _h already appe>$1 & ! ,g]man indep5d5ce ( m9d & enjoym5t ( life began to ass]t !mselves4 ,?is *e]ful _s1 comb9$ ) an hone/ s9c]ity1 l$ to ! dem& = purity & naturalness 9 writ+1 )\t ! int]mixture ( =eign words1 & 9 accordance ) ! dictates ( pla9 common s5se4 ,by ^! praisewor?y endeavors1 h[ev]1 ! flood-gates 7 ?r[n op5 to a prolix national insipidity1 nay1 ! dam 0 brok5 d[n1 & an inundation 0 b\nd to foll[4 ,h[ev]1 a /iff p$antry cont9u$ = "s "t to hold sway 9 ! f\r le>n$ pr(essions1 & ev5tually1 at a mu* lat] date1 fl$ = refuge fir/ to "o & !n to ano!r4 ,m5 ( p>ts1 *ildr5 ( nature look+ freely ab\t !m1 _h !re=e two objects on :i* !y c\ld ex]cise _! faculties1 aga9/ :i* !y c\ld direct _! en]gies1 &1 z ! matt] 0 ( no great importance1 v5t _! mis*iev\sness2 ^! 71 on ! "o h&1 a language disfigur$ by =eign words1 =ms1 & turns ( spee*2 & on ! o!r1 ! wor?lessness ( su* writ+s z _h be5 c>eful to avoid ^? faults2 b x nev] occurr$ to any "o t ea* evil 0 be+ combat$ by fo/]+ ! o!r4 ,lisc[1 a d>+ "y man1 fir/ v5tur$ to attack by "n a %all[1 silly writ]1 ^: fooli% behavior soon gave him an opportunity = yet m dra/ic treatm5t4 ,he !n s\ght o!r subjects1 inv>iably direct+ 8 satire aga9/ p>ticul> objects & p]sons1 :om he despis$ & s\ght to r5d] despicable2 inde$1 he pursu$ !m ) passionate hatr$4 ,b 8 c>e] 0 %ort2 = he di$ e>ly1 & 0 rememb]$ only z a re/less1 irregul> y\?4 ,! tal5t & "* %[n 9 :at he did1 9 spite ( ! smallness ( 8 production1 may well h seem$ valuable to 8 c\ntrym53 = ! ,g]mans h always %[n a peculi> piety t[>ds ! promise ( g5ius prematurely cut (f4 ,suffice x to say t 9 our e>ly y\? ,lisc[ 0 prais$ & comm5d$ to u z an excell5t satiri/1 :o might ju/ly claim pref]5ce ev5 be=e ! univ]sally belov$ ,rab5]4 ,b we did n ga9 mu* f him2 = ! only ?+ we discov]$ f 8 works 0 t he consid]$ ! absurd absurd1 & ?is seem$ to u a matt] ( c\rse4 ,rab5]1 well educat$1 gr[n up "u good s*ool discipl9e1 ( a *e]ful & by no means passionate or malici\s disposition1 turn$ to g5]al satire4 ,8 c5sure ( s-call$ vices & follies is ! outcome ( cle>-sight$ & unimpassion$ common s5se1 & ( a def9ite moral conception z to :at ! _w ought to be4 ,8 d5unciation ( faults & fail+s is h>mless & *e]ful2 & 9 ord] to excuse ev5 ! slight d>+ ( 8 writ+s1 he assumes t ! attempt to improve fools by ridicule is n 9 va94 ,rab5]'s p]sonal "* 0 su* z we d n (t5 meet4 ,a ?or\gh & /rict man ( bus9ess1 he did 8 duty1 & s ga9$ ! good op9ion ( 8 fell[-t[nsm5 & ! confid5ce ( 8 sup]iors2 at ! same "t1 by way ( relaxation1 he indulg$ 9 a g5ial contempt = all t imm$iately surr\nd$ him4 ,le>n$ p$ants1 va9 y\ng/]s1 e sort ( n>r[ness & conceit1 he made fun ( r ?an satiriz$1 & ev5 8 satire express$ no scorn4 ,j 9 ! same way he je/$ ab\t 8 own condition1 8 unhapp9ess1 8 life1 & 8 dea?4 ,!re is little ( ! /hetic 9 ! mann] 9 :i* ?is writ] treats 8 subjects4 ,9 ext]nal =m he is inde$ v>i$ en\gh1 b ?r\gh\t he makes too mu* use ( direct irony1 t is1 9 prais+ ! blamewor?y & blam+ ! praisewor?y1 :]eas ?is rhetorical device %\ld be adopt$ extremely sp>+ly2 =1 9 ! long run1 x becomes annoy+ to ! cle>-sight$1 p]plexes ! fooli%1 b appeals1 x is true1 to ! great majority1 :o )\t special intellectual ef=t imag9e !mselves clev]] ?an o!r p4 ,b all t he pres5ts to u1 :atev] its =m1 be>s witness to 8 rectitude1 *e]fulness1 & equanimity1 s t we are always favorably impress$4 ,! unb\nd$ admiration ( 8 own times 0 a consequ5ce ( ^! moral excell5cies4 ,x 0 natural t p %\ld try to discov] orig9als = 8 g5]al descriptions & %\ld succe$2 & consequ5tly he 0 attack$ on ?is score by c]ta9 individuals3 8 ov]-long apologies d5y+ t 8 satire 0 p]sonal1 prove ! annoyance to :i* he 0 subject$4 ,"s ( 8 lett]s d honor to him bo? z a man & an au?or4 ,! confid5tial epi/le 9 :i* he describes ! siege ( ,dresd5 & ! loss ( 8 h\se1 8 effects1 8 writ+s1 & 8 wigs1 )\t hav+ 8 equanimity 9 ! lea/ %ak5 or 8 *e]fulness cl\d$1 is mo/ e/imable1 al?\gh 8 contempor>ies & fell[-citiz5s c\ld n =give him 8 happy temp]am5t4 ,! lett] 9 :i* he speaks ( ! decay ( 8 /r5g? & ( 8 approa*+ dea? is 9 ! highe/ degree wor?y ( respect1 & ,rab5] des]ves to be honor$ z a sa9t by all happy s5sible p1 :o *e]fully accept _! e>?ly lot4 ,i te> myself away f him reluctantly1 & m]ely add ?is rem>k3 8 satire ref]s ?r\gh\t to ! middle classes2 he lets u see "h & !re t he is also acqua9t$ ) ! upp] classes1 b does n hold x advisable to discuss !m4 ,x may be said t he _h no successor2 x w\ld be impossible to po9t to any "o at all equal1 or ev5 simil> to him4 ,let u turn to criticism2 & fir/ ( all to ! !oretic attempts4 ,x is n go+ too f> to say t idealism _h at t "t fl$ f ! _w to religion2 x 0 h>dly discov]able ev5 9 e?ics2 ( a supreme pr9ciple 9 art no "o _h a notion4 ,!y put ,gotts*$'s ,critical ,art ( ,poetry into our h&s2 x 0 useful & in/ructive en\gh1 = x gave u hi/orical in=mation ab\t ! v>i\s k9ds ( poetry1 z well z ab\t rhy?m & its diff]5t movem5ts2 poetic g5ius 0 tak5 = grant$6 ,b besides ?is ! poet 0 to h education1 & ev5 le>n+1 he %\ld possess ta/e1 & o!r ?+s ( ! same nature4 ,f9ally1 we 7 ref]r$ to ,horace's ,art ( ,poetry2 we gaz$ at s+le gold5 maxims ( ?is invaluable "w ) v5]ation1 b did n "k 9 ! lea/ :at to d ) x z a :ole1 or h[ to use x4 ,! ,swiss came to ! front z ,gotts*$'s antagoni/s2 h5ce !y mu/ int5d to d some?+ diff]5t1 to accompli% some?+ bett]3 accord+ly we he>d t !y 71 9 fact1 sup]ior4 ,breit+]'s ,critical ,art ( ,poetry 0 n[ /udi$4 ,"h we ent]$ a wid] field1 or1 prop]ly speak+1 only a great] labyr9?1 :i* 0 ! m we>isome1 z an able man 9 :om we _h confid5ce drove u ab\t 9 x4 ,let a brief review ju/ify ^! words4 ,z yet no "o _h be5 able to discov] ! ess5tial pr9ciple ( poetry2 x 0 too spiritual & too evanesc5t4 ,pa9t+1 an art :i* "o c\ld keep )9 sight1 & foll[ /ep by /ep ) ! ext]nal s5ses1 seem$ m adapt$ to su* an end2 ! ,engli% & ,fr5* _h already !oriz$ ab\t ! arts ( pa9t+ & sculpture1 & x 0 ?\ght possible to expla9 ! nature ( poetry by draw+ a comp>ison f ^! arts4 ,pa9t+ pres5t$ images to ! eyes1 poetry to ! imag9ation2 poetical images1 !re=e1 7 ! fir/ ?+ to be tak5 into consid]ation4 ,similes came fir/1 !n descriptions & :atev] x 0 possible to repres5t to ! ext]nal s5ses came "u discussion4 ,images1 !n6 ,b :5ce %\ld ^! images be tak5 except f nature8 ,! pa9t] obvi\sly imitat$ nature2 :y n ! poet also8 ,b nature1 j z %e is1 _c be imitat$3 %e conta9s s mu* t is insignificant & unsuitable1 t a selection mu/ be made2 b :at det]m9es ! *oice8 :at is important mu/ be select$2 b :at is important8 ,! answ] to ?is "q ! ,swiss probably took a long "t to consid]3 = !y arriv$ at an idea :i* is inde$ /range1 b pretty1 ev5 amus+2 = !y said :at is new is always mo/ important3 & aft] !y _h consid]$ ?is = a :ile1 !y discov]$ t ! m>vel\s is always new] ?an any?+ else4 ,app>5tly !y n[ _h ! ess5tials ( poetry be=e !m1 b x _h fur!r to be tak5 into consid]ation t ! m>vel\s may be b>r5 & )\t human int]e/4 ,?is human int]e/ :i* is indisp5sable mu/ be moral1 & w\ld !n obvi\sly t5d to ! improvem5t ( man2 h5ce t poem w\ld fulfil its ultimate aim :i* 9 addition to its m]its possess$ utility4 ,x 0 ! fulfilm5t ( all ^! dem&s :i* con/itut$ ! te/ !y wi%$ to apply to ! v>i\s k9ds ( poetry1 & t species :i* imitat$ nature1 & fur!rmore 0 m>vel\s1 & at ! same "t moral 9 purpose & effect1 !y plac$ fir/ & highe/4 ,& aft] mu* delib]ation ?is great prem95ce 0 f9ally ascrib$1 ) ! utmo/ conviction1 to sop's fables6 ,/range z su* a d$uction may n[ appe>1 x _h ! mo/ decid$ influ5ce on ! be/ m9ds4 ,t ,gell]t & subsequ5tly ,li*tw] devot$ !mselves to ?is dep>tm5t ( lit]ature1 t ev5 ,less+ attempt$ to d "w 9 x1 t s _m o!rs appli$ _! tal5ts to x1 speaks = ! fai? !y put 9 ?is species ( poetry4 ,!ory & practice always act ^u ea* o!r2 "o c see f m5's works :at op9ions !y hold2 &1 f _! op9ions1 x is possible to pr$ict :at !y w d4 ,yet we mu/ n dismiss our ,swiss !ory )\t do+ x ju/ice4 ,bodm]1 ) all ! pa9s he took1 rema9$ 9 !ory & practice a *ild all 8 life4 ,breit+] 0 an able1 le>n$1 sagaci\s man1 :o1 aft] mak+ a c>eful survey1 recogniz$ all ! requirem5ts to be fulfill$ by a poem2 9 fact1 x c be %[n t he 0 dimly consci\s ( ! defici5cies ( 8 me?od4 ,notewor?y1 = in/ance1 is 8 qu]y1 :e!r a c]ta9 descriptive poem by ,knig1 on ! ,review ,camp ( ,augu/us ! ,second1 is prop]ly speak+ a poem2 & ! answ] to x displays good s5se4 ,b x may s]ve = 8 complete ju/ification t1 aft] />t+ on a wrong track & ne>ly complet+ 8 circle1 he yet discov]s ! ma9 issue1 & at ! end ( 8 book1 z a k9d ( supplem5t1 feels x incumb5t on him to urge ! repres5tation ( mann]s1 "*1 passions1 9 %ort ! inn] man--:i* surely con/itutes ! *ief !me ( poetry4 ,x may well be imag9$ into :at p]plexity "y m9ds 7 ?r[n by su* maxims torn f _! contexts1 half-und]/ood laws1 & r&om dogmas4 ,we clung to examples1 & !re1 too1 7 no bett] (f3 ! =eign z well z ! classical ones 7 too remote f u2 beh9d ! be/ native ones always lurk$ a di/9ct individuality1 ! good po9ts ( :i* we c\ld n arrogate to ourselves1 & into ! faults ( :i* we c\ld n b be afraid ( fall+4 ,= any "o consci\s ( productive p[] x 0 a desp]ate condition4 ,:5 "o consid]s c>efully :at 0 want+ 9 ,g]man poetry1 x 0 a significant !me1 especially ( national import2 !re 0 nev] any lack ( gift$ writ]s4 ,x is only necess>y to m5tion ,gn!r1 :o may be call$ a poet 9 ! full s5se ( ! ^w4 ,a decid$ g5ius1 end[$ ) s5su\sness1 imag9ation1 memory1 ! gifts ( conception & repres5tation1 productive 9 ! highe/ degree1 possess+ rhy?mic flu5cy1 +5i\s1 witty1 & at ! same "t well-in=m$2--he possess$1 9 %ort1 all ! requisites = creat+ by 8 poetry a second life out ( ! actual commonplace life ar\nd him4 ,we admire ! great facility ) :i*1 9 8 occasional poems1 he ennobles all situations by appeal+ to ! emotions1 & embelli%es !m ) suitable s5tim5ts1 images1 & hi/orical & fabul\s traditions4 ,! r\ghness & wildness 9 !m belong to 8 "t1 8 mode ( life1 & especially to 8 "*1 or1 if y w1 8 want ( "*4 ,he did n "k h[ to curb himself1 & s 8 life1 l 8 poetry1 prov$ ineffectual4 ,by 8 vacillat+ conduct1 ,gn!r _h trifl$ away ! good =tune ( be+ appo9t$ at ! ,c\rt ( ,augu/us ! ,second1 :]e1 ) _! love ( magnific5ce1 !y desir$ to f9d a laureate :o w\ld imp>t w>m? & grace to _! fe/ivities1 & immortalize a transitory pomp4 ,von ,knig 0 m self-controll$ & m =tunate2 he fill$ ?is po/ ) dignity & success4 ,9 all sov]eign /ates ! mat]ial = poetry beg9s ) ! highe/ social ranks1 & ! ,review ,camp at ,mhlb]g 01 p]haps1 ! fir/ wor?y subject ( prov9cial1 if n ( national importance :i* pres5t$ itself to a poet4 ,two k+s salut+ "o ano!r 9 ! pres5ce ( a great ho/1 _! :ole c\rt & milit>y /ate ar\nd !m1 well-appo9t$ troops1 a %am-fight1 ftes ( all k9ds1--"h 0 pl5ty to captivate ! s5ses1 & matt] en\gh & to sp>e = descriptive poetry4 ,?is subject1 inde$1 suff]$ f an inn] defect1 9 t x 0 only pomp & %[1 f :i* no real action c\ld result4 ,none except ! v highe/ 7 involv$1 & ev5 if ?is _h n be5 ! case1 ! poet c\ld n r5d] any "o conspicu\s le/ he %\ld (f5d ! o!rs4 ,he _h to consult ! ,c\rt & ,/ate ,cal5d>1 & ! del9eation ( ! p]sons 0 !re=e n p>ticul>ly excit+2 nay1 ev5 8 contempor>ies reproa*$ him ) hav+ describ$ ! horses bett] ?an ! m54 ,b %\ld n ! fact t he %[$ 8 art z soon z a fitt+ subject pres5t$ itself r$\nd to 8 cr$it8 ,! ma9 difficulty1 too1 seems soon to h become app>5t to him--= ! poem nev] advanc$ beyond ! fir/ canto4 ,z a result ( discussions1 examples1 & my own reflection1 ,i came to see t ! fir/ /ep t[>ds escape f ! wi%y-wa%y1 long-w9d$1 empty epo* c\ld be tak5 only by def9it5ess1 precision1 & brevity4 ,9 ! /yle :i* _h hi!rto prevail$1 x 0 impossible to di/+ui% ! commonplace f :at 0 bett]1 s9ce a uni=m insipidity prevail$ on all h&s4 ,au?ors _h already tri$ to escape f ?is widespread disease1 ) m or less success4 ,hall] & ,raml] 7 incl9$ to compression by nature2 ,less+ & ,wiel& 7 l$ to x by reflection4 ,! =m] became by degrees q epigrammatic 9 8 poems1 t]se 9 ,m9na1 laconic 9 ,emilia ,galotti1--x 0 n till lat] t he return$ to t s]5e navet :i* becomes him s well 9 ,na?an4 ,wiel&1 :o _h be5 occasionally prolix 9 ,aga?on1 ,don ,sylvio1 & ! ,comic ,tales1 became wond]fully cond5s$ & precise1 z well z exce$+ly graceful1 9 ,mus>ion & ,idris4 ,klop/ock1 9 ! fir/ cantos ( ! ,messiah1 is n )\t diffus5ess2 9 8 ,odes & o!r m9or poems he appe>s concise1 z also 9 8 trag$ies4 ,by 8 emulation ( ! anci5ts1 especially ,tacitus1 he 0 con/antly =c$ into n>r[] limits1 s t at la/ he became obscure & unpleas+4 ,g]/5b]g1 a r>e b ecc5tric g5ius1 also conc5trat$ 8 p[]s2 "o feels 8 m]it1 b on ! :ole he gives little pleasure4 ,gleim1 by nature diffuse & easy-go+1 0 sc>cely once concise 9 8 w>-songs4 ,raml] 0 prop]ly m ( a critic ?an a poet4 ,he began to collect :at ! ,g]mans _h accompli%$ 9 lyric poetry4 ,he discov]$ t sc>cely "o poem entirely satisfi$ him2 he 0 oblig$ to omit1 re>range1 & alt]1 s t ! ?+s might assume "s sort ( =m4 ,by ?is means he made himself almo/ z _m enemies z !re are poets & amateurs1 s9ce e "o1 prop]ly speak+1 recognizes himself only 9 8 defects2 & ! public takes great] int]e/ 9 a faulty individuality ?an 9 :at is produc$ or am5d$ 9 accordance ) a univ]sal law ( ta/e4 ,rhy?m 0 /ill 9 its cradle1 & no "o knew ( a me?od to %ort5 its *ildhood4 ,poetical prose 0 ga9+ gr\nd4 ,gessn] & ,klop/ock f\nd _m imitators2 o!rs1 aga91 /ill put 9 a plea = metre1 & translat$ ?is prose into intelligible rhy?ms4 ,b ev5 ^! em5d$ v]sions gave nobody satisfaction2 = !y 7 oblig$ to omit & add1 & ! prose orig9al always pass$ = ! bett] ( ! two4 ,b 9 all ^! attempts1 ! great] ! concis5ess aim$ at1 ! m possible is x to criticize !m1 s9ce :atev] is significant :5 pres5t$ 9 a cond5s$ =m1 9 ! end admits ( def9ite comp>ison4 ,ano!r result 0 ! simultane\s appe>ance ( a numb] ( truly poetical =ms2 = :ile attempt+ to reproduce solely :atev] 0 ess5tial 9 any "o subject1 x 0 necess>y to d ju/ice to e subject *os5 = treatm5t1 & h5ce1 ?\gh none did x consci\sly1 ! modes ( repres5tation 7 multipli$2 ?\gh "s 7 grotesque en\gh1 & _m an exp]im5t prov$ unsuccessful4 ,)\t "q1 ,wiel& possess$ ! f9e/ natural gifts ( all4 ,he _h develop$ e>ly 9 ^? ideal regions 9 :i* y\? loves to l+]2 b :5 s-call$ exp]i5ce1 contact ) ! _w & wom51 spoilt 8 delight 9 ^? realms1 he turn$ to ! actual1 & d]iv$ pleasure = himself & o!rs f ! conflict betwe5 ! two worlds1 :]e1 9 light enc\nt]s1 half 9 e>ne/1 half 9 je/1 8 tal5t f\nd fulle/ scope4 ,h[ _m ( 8 brilliant productions appe>$ dur+ my /ud5t days6 ,mus>ion _h ! greate/ effect ^u me1 & ,i c yet rememb] ! place & ! v spot :]e ,i look$ at ! fir/ pro(-%eet1 :i* ,oes] %[$ me4 ,x 0 "h t ,i seem$ to see antiquity liv+ anew be=e me4 ,ev]y?+ t is pla/ic 9 ,wiel&'s g5ius %[$ itself "h 9 ! highe/ p]fection2 & s9ce ! ,timon-l h]o ,phanias1 aft] be+ condemn$ to unhappy ab/95ce1 is f9ally reconcil$ to 8 mi/ress & to ! _w1 we may be cont5t to live ?r\gh ! misan?ropic epo* ) him4 ,= ! re/1 we 7 n sorry to recognize 9 ^! works a *e]ful av]sion to exalt$ s5tim5ts1 :i* are apt to be wrongly appli$ to life1 & !n frequ5tly fall "u ! suspicion ( fanaticism4 ,we p>don$ ! au?or = pursu+ ) ridicule :at we held to be true & v5]able1 ! m readily1 z he !reby %[$ t he 0 unable to disreg>d x4 ,:at a mis]able reception 0 accord$ su* ef=ts by ! criticism ( ! "t may be se5 f ! fir/ volumes ( ! ,univ]sal ,g]man ,libr>y4 ,honorable m5tion is made !re ( ! ,comic ,tales1 b !re is no trace ( any insight into ! "* ( ! lit]>y species4 ,! review]1 l e "o at t "t1 _h =m$ 8 ta/e on examples4 ,he nev] takes into consid]ation t 9 criticiz+ su* p>odi/ical works1 x is necess>y fir/ ( all to h ! noble1 beautiful orig9al be=e "o's eyes1 9 ord] to see :e!r ! p>odi/ has really discov]$ 9 x a weak & comical side1 :e!r he has borr[$ any?+ f x1 or :e!r1 "u ! pret5se ( imitation1 he has giv5 u an excell5t inv5tion ( 8 own4 ,( all ?is !re is n a ^w1 b isolat$ passages 9 ! poems are prais$ or blam$4 ,! review]1 z he himself confesses1 has m>k$ s mu* t pleas$ him1 t he _c quote x all 9 pr9t4 ,:5 !y g s f> z to greet ! exce$+ly m]itori\s translation ( ,%akespe>e ) ! exclamation3 8,by rights1 a man l ,%akespe>e %\ld n h be5 translat$ at all60 x w be und]/ood1 )\t fur!r rem>k1 h[ immeasurably ! ,univ]sal ,g]man ,libr>y 0 beh9dh& 9 matt]s ( ta/e1 & t "y p1 animat$ by true feel+s1 _h to look ab\t !m = o!r guid+ />s4 ,! subject-matt] :i* 9 ?is mann] m or less det]m9$ ! =m 0 s\ght by ! ,g]mans 9 ! mo/ v>i$ qu>t]s4 ,!y _h h&l$ few national subjects1 or none at all4 ,s*legel's ,h]mann only po9t$ ! way4 ,! idyllic t5d5cy _h imm5se vogue4 ,! want ( di/9ctive "* 9 ,gessn]1 ) all 8 gracefulness & *ildlike s9c]ity1 made e "o ?9k himself capable ( ! l4 ,9 ! same mann]1 ^? poems :i* 7 int5d$ to portray a =eign nationality 7 f\nd$ m]ely on a common humanity1 z1 = in/ance1 ! ,jewi% ,pa/oral ,poems1 all ^? on patri>*al subjects1 & any o!rs bas$ on ! ,old ,te/am5t4 ,bodm]'s ,noa*ide 0 a p]fect type ( ! wat]y deluge t swell$ high ar\nd ! ,g]man ,p>nassus1 & abat$ b sl[ly4 ,anacreontic dally+s likewise made x possible = numb]less m$iocre writ]s to me&] aimlessly 9 a vague prolixity4 ,! precision ( ,horace compell$ ! ,g]mans1 ?\gh b sl[ly1 to con=m to him4 ,nei!r did ! burlesques1 model$1 = ! mo/ "p1 on ,pope's ,rape ( ! ,lock1 succe$ 9 inaugurat+ bett] times4 ,yet ,i mu/ "h m5tion a delusion1 :i* 0 tak5 z s]i\sly z x appe>s ridicul\s on clos] inspection4 ,! ,g]mans _h n[ an adequate hi/orical k ( all ! k9ds ( poetry 9 :i* ! v>i\s nations _h excell$4 ,?is assignm5t ( poetry to its respective pigeon-holes--a process 9 reality fatal to its true _s--_h be5 accompli%$ ) approximate complet5ess by ,gotts*$ 9 8 ,critical ,art ( ,poetry1 & at ! same "t he _h %[n t 9 all ! divisions 7 to be f\nd excell5t works by ,g]man poets4 ,& s x w5t on4 ,e ye> ! collection became m consid]able1 b e ye> "o "w ou/$ "s o!r f ! place 9 :i* x _h hi!rto %one4 ,we n[ possess$1 if n ,hom]s1 yet ,virgils & ,miltons2 if n a ,p9d>1 yet a ,horace2 ( ,!ocrituses !re 0 no lack2 & ?us !y soo!d !mselves by comp>isons f abroad1 :il/ ! mass ( poetical works con/antly increas$1 s t at la/ x 0 possible to make comp>isons at home4 ,) ! cultivation ( ! ,g]man language & /yle 9 e dep>tm5t1 ! p[] ( criticism also increas$2 b :ile ! reviews !n publi%$ ( works ^u religi\s & e?ical z well z m$ical subjects 7 admirable1 ! critiques ( poems1 & ( :atev] else relates to belles lettres1 w be f\nd1 if n pitiful1 at lea/ v feeble4 ,?is holds good ( ! ,lit]>y ,epi/les & ! ,univ]sal ,g]man ,libr>y1 z well z ( ! ,libr>y ( ,belles ,lettres1 & might easily be v]ifi$ by notable in/ances4 ,h[ev] great ! confusion ( ^! v>i$ ef=ts1 ! only ?+ to be done by any "o :o contemplat$ produc+ any?+ orig9al1 & 0 n cont5t to take ! words & phrases out ( ! m\?s ( 8 pr$ecessors1 0 to se>* unremitt+ly = "s subject-matt] = treatm5t4 ,"h1 too1 we 7 greatly misl$4 ,p 7 con/antly repeat+ a say+ ( ,klei/'s1 :o _h repli$ playfully1 ) humor & tru?1 to ^? :o took him to task on acc\nt ( 8 frequ5tly lonely walks3 8t he 0 n idle at su* times--he 0 hunt+ = images40 ,?is simile 0 v suitable = a nobleman & soldi]1 = 9 x he contra/$ himself ) m5 ( 8 own rank1 :o nev] miss$ an opportunity ( go+ out1 ) _! guns on _! %\ld]s1 to %oot h>es & p>tridges4 ,accord+ly we f9d 9 ,klei/'s poems _m su* individual images1 happily seiz$1 al?\gh n always happily elaborat$1 :i* rem9d u pleasantly ( nature4 ,b n[ we1 too1 7 admoni%$ q s]i\sly to g out hunt+ = images1 & 9 ! end to "s slight purpose1 al?\gh ,apel's ,g>d51 ! ,cake ,g>d5s1 ! ,ros5tal1 ,gohlis1 ,ras*witz & ,konnewitz1 7 ! odde/ gr\nd 9 :i* to beat up poetical game4 ,& yet ,i 0 (t5 induc$ f ?is motive to contrive t my walk %\ld be solit>y4 ,b few ei!r beautiful or sublime objects met ! eye ( ! behold]1 & 9 ! truly spl5did ,ros5tal ! gnats 9 summ] made all g5tle ?\ghts impossible1 s by d9t ( unwe>i$1 p]sev]+ endeavor1 ,i became extremely att5tive to ! small life ( nature 7,i %\ld l to use ?is ^w aft] ! analogy ( 8/ill life074 ,s9ce ! *>m+ little incid5ts to be obs]v$ )9 ?is circle are b unimportant 9 !mselves1 ,i accu/om$ myself to see 9 !m a significance1 t5d+ n[ t[>ds ! symbolical & n[ t[>ds ! allegorical1 accord+ z intuition1 feel+1 or reflection pr$om9at$4 ,:il/ ,i 0 play+ ! "p ( %eph]d on ! ,pleisse1 & 0 *ildi%ly absorb$ 9 su* t5d] subjects1 always *oos+ su* only z ,i c\ld easily recapture & lock 9 my he>t1 great] & m important !mes _h long be=e be5 provid$ = ,g]man poets4 ,x 0 ,fr$]ick ! ,great & ! ev5ts ( ! ,sev5 ,ye>s' ,w> :i* fir/ gave to ,g]man lit]ature a real & noble vitality4 ,all national poetry _c fail to be insipid1 or inevitably becomes s1 if x is n bas$ on ! man :o /&s fir/ among m51 ^u ! exp]i5ces :i* come to ! nations & _! lead]s1 :5 bo? /& toge!r z "o man4 ,k+s %\ld be repres5t$ 9 ! mid/ ( w>f>e & dang]1 = !re !y are made to appe> ! highe/1 j because ! fate ( ! l[e/ dep5ds ^u !m & is %>$ by !m4 ,9 ?is way !y become f> m int]e/+ ?an ! gods !mselves1 :o1 :5 !y h decid$ ! de/9ies ( m51 d n %>e !m4 ,9 ?is s5se e nation t wi%es to c\nt = any?+ ought to possess an epic1 ?\gh n necess>ily 9 ! =m ( an epic poem4 ,! w>-songs fir/ sung by ,gleim des]ve _! high place 9 ,g]man poetry1 because !y 7 ! outcome ( & contempor>y ) ! ev5ts !y celebrate2 & fur!rmore1 because ! felicit\s =m1 sugge/ive ( a combatant's utt]ance 9 ! ?ick ( ! fray1 impresses u ) its absolute effectiv5ess4 ,raml] s+s 9 diff]5t b dignifi$ /ra9s ! exploits ( 8 k+4 ,all 8 poems are ?\ghtful1 & fill our m9ds ) great & elevat+ subjects1 & on t acc\nt alone possess an inde/ructible value4 ,= ! significance ( ! subject treat$ ( is ! ,alpha & ,omega ( art4 ,( c\rse1 no "o w d5y t g5ius1 or cultivat$ arti/ic tal5t1 c by its me?od ( treatm5t make any?+ out ( any?+1 & r5d] ! mo/ refractory subject am5able4 ,b on close inspection ! result is r an arti/ic feat ?an a "w ( art1 :i* latt] %\ld be bas$ on a fitt+ subject1 s t 9 ! end ! skill1 ! c>e1 ! dilig5ce ( ! arti/'s treatm5t only br+s out ! dignity ( ! subject 9 great] attractiv5ess & spl5dor4 ,prussians1 & ) !m ,prote/ant ,g]many1 !re=e ga9$ a treasure-trove = _! lit]ature1 :i* 0 lack+ to ! o!r p>ty1 :o h n be5 able to repair ! defici5cy by subsequ5t ef=ts4 ,9 ! high idea :i* !y *]i%$ ( _! ,k+1 ! ,prussian writ]s fir/ f\nd inspiration1 & fo/]$ x all ! m zeal\sly because he 9 ^: "n !y did ev]y?+ w\ld h no?+ :atev] to say to !m4 ,fr5* civilization _h be5 widely introduc$ into ,prussia at an e>li] date by ! ,fr5* colony1 & aga9 lat] by ! ,k+'s pref]5ce = ,fr5* culture & ,fr5* f9ancial me?ods4 ,! effect ( ?is ,fr5* influ5ce 0 to r\se ! ,g]mans to antagonism & resi/ance--a result decid$ly b5eficial 9 its op]ation4 ,equally =tunate = ! developm5t ( lit]ature 0 ,fr$]ick's antipa?y to ,g]man4 ,!y did ev]y?+ to attract ! ,k+'s att5tion1 n inde$ to be honor$1 b only to be notic$ by him2 yet !y did x 9 ,g]man fa%ion1 f inn] conviction2 !y did :at !y held to be "r1 & desir$ & wi%$ t ! ,k+ %\ld recognize & prize ?is z "r4 ,t did n & c\ld n happ52 = h[ c x be expect$ t a k+1 :o wi%es to live & enjoy himself intellectually1 %\ld wa/e 8 ye>s wait+ to see :at he ?9ks b>b>\s develop$ & r5d]$ enjoyable too late8 ,9 matt]s ( trade & manufacture1 x is true1 he press$ ^u himself1 b especially ^u 8 p1 v m$iocre sub/itutes in/ead ( excell5t =eign w>es2 b 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( life ev]y?+ is p]fect$ m rapidly1 & x does n take a man's life-"t to br+ su* ?+s to maturity4 ,b ,i mu/ "h1 fir/ ( all1 make honorable m5tion ( "o "w1 ! mo/ g5u9e product ( ! ,sev5 ,ye>s' ,w>1 altoge!r ,nor? ,g]man 9 its national s5tim5t2 x is ! fir/ dramatic "w f\nd$ ^u important ev5ts ( specific contempor>y value1 & !re=e produc$ an incalculable effect--,m9na von ,b>nhelm4 ,less+1 :o1 unlike ,klop/ock & ,gleim1 0 fond ( lay+ aside 8 p]sonal dignity1 because he 0 confid5t t he c\ld resume x at any mom5t1 delight$ 9 a dissipat$1 worldly life & ! society ( tav]ns1 z he always ne$$ "s /rong ext]nal excitem5t to c\nt]balance 8 exub]ant intellectual activity2 & = ?is reason also he _h jo9$ ! suite ( ,g5]al ,tau5tzi54 ,x is easy to see h[ ?is drama 0 g5]at$ betwixt w> & peace1 hatr$ & affection4 ,x 0 ?is production :i* successfully op5$ to ! lit]>y & middle-class _w1 9 :i* poetic art _h hi!rto mov$1 a view into a high]1 m significant _w4 ,! ho/ile relations 9 :i* ,prussians & ,saxons _h /ood t[>ds ea* o!r dur+ ?is w>1 c\ld n be remov$ by its t]m9ation4 ,! ,saxon n[ felt = ! fir/ "t ! :ole bitt]ness ( ! w\nds :i* ! up/>t ,prussian _h inflict$ ^u him4 ,political peace c\ld n imm$iately re/abli% a peace betwe5 _! he>ts4 ,b ! e/abli%m5t ( ?is peace 0 repres5t$ symbolically 9 ,less+'s drama4 ,! grace & amiability ( ! ,saxon ladies conqu] ! wor?1 ! dignity1 & ! /ubbornness ( ! ,prussians1 &1 9 ! pr9cipal z well z 9 ! subord9ate *>act]s1 a happy union ( biz>re & contradictory elem5ts is arti/ically repres5t$4 ,if ,i h caus$ my read]s "s bewild]m5t by ^! cursory & desultory rem>ks on ,g]man lit]ature1 ,i h succe$$ 9 giv+ !m a conception ( ! *aotic condition ( my poor bra9 at a "t :51 9 ! conflict ( two epo*s s important = ! national lit]ature1 s mu* t 0 new cr[d$ 9 ^u me be=e ,i c\ld come to t]ms ) ! old1 s mu* t 0 old /ill ma9ta9$ its hold ^u me1 ?\gh ,i already believ$ ,i might ) good reason r5\nce x altoge!r4 ,,footnotes3 #ab ,ab\t #agfe-fh4 ,,extracts ,,f ,,goe!',s ,,conv]sations ,,) ,,eck]mann ,,extracts ,,f ,,! ,,conv]sations ,,) ,,eck]mann 7#ahbb-cb7 ,! ,univ]sality ( ,poetry ,)9 ! la/ few days ,i h read _m & v>i\s ?+s2 especially a ,*9ese novel1 :i* occupies me /ill1 & seems to me v rem>kable4 ,! ,*9ese ?9k1 act1 & feel almo/ exactly l ourselves2 & we soon f9d t we are p]fectly l !m1 except+ t all !y d is m cle>1 m pure & decor\s ?an ) u4 ,) !m all is ord]ly1 simple1 )\t great passion or poetic flight2 & !re is a /rong resemblance to my ,h]mann & ,doro!a1 z well z to ! ,engli% novels ( ,ri*>dson4 ,!y diff] f u1 h[ev]1 inasmu* z ) !m ext]nal nature is always associat$ ) human figures4 ,y always he> ! goldfi% spla%+ 9 ! pond1 ! birds are always s++ on ! b\gh1 ! day is always s]5e & sunny1 ! night is always cle>4 ,!re is mu* talk ab\t ! moon1 b x does n alt] ! l&scape1 its light is conceiv$ to be z bright z day itself2 & ! int]ior ( ! h\ses is z neat & elegant z _! pictures4 ,= in/ance1 8,i he>d ! lovely girls laugh+1 & :5 ,i got a sight ( !m1 !y 7 sitt+ on cane *airs40 ,!re y h1 at once1 ! prettie/ situation2 = cane *airs are necess>ily associat$ ) ! greate/ lightness & elegance4 ,!n !re is an inf9ite numb] ( leg5ds :i* are con/antly introduc$ into ! n>rative1 & are appli$ almo/ l prov]bs2 z1 = in/ance1 "o ( a girl1 :o 0 s light & graceful on h] feet t %e c\ld balance h]self on a fl[] )\t break+ x2 & !n ano!r1 ( a "y man s virtu\s & brave t 9 8 ?irtie? ye> he _h ! honor to talk ) ! ,emp]or2 !n !re is ano!r ( two lov]s :o %[$ su* great purity dur+ a long acqua9tance t :5 !y 7 on "o occasion oblig$ to pass ! night 9 ! same *amb]1 !y occupi$ ! "t ) conv]sation1 & did n approa* "o ano!r4 ,& 9 ! same way1 !re are innum]able o!r leg5ds1 all turn+ ^u :at is moral & prop]4 ,x is by ?is sev]e mod]ation 9 ev]y?+ t ! ,*9ese ,empire has su/a9$ itself = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 & w endure h]eaft]4 ,i am m & m conv9c$ t poetry is ! univ]sal possession ( mank9d1 reveal+ itself ev]y:]e1 & at all times1 9 hundr$s & hundr$s ( m54 ,"o makes x a little bett] ?an ano!r1 & swims on ! surface a little long] ?an ano!r--t is all4 ,h]r von ,mat?isson mu/ n ?9k he is ! man1 nor mu/ ,i ?9k t ,i am ! man2 b ea* mu/ say to himself t ! gift ( poetry is by no means s v r>e1 & t nobody ne$ ?9k v mu* ( himself because he has writt5 a good poem4 ,b1 really1 we ,g]mans are v likely to fall too easily into ?is p$antic conceit1 :5 we d n look beyond ! n>r[ circle :i* surr\nds u4 ,i !re=e l to look ab\t me 9 =eign nations1 & advise e "o to d ! same4 ,national lit]ature is n[ r an unmean+ t]m2 ! epo* ( ,_w ,lit]ature is at h&1 & e "o mu/ /rive to ha/5 its approa*4 ,b1 :ile we ?us value :at is =eign1 we mu/ n b9d ourselves to any?+ 9 p>ticul>1 & reg>d x z a model4 ,we mu/ n give ?is value to ! ,*9ese1 or ! ,s]vian1 or ,cald]on1 or ! ,nibelung52 b if we really want a patt]n1 we mu/ always return to ! anci5t ,greeks1 9 ^: works ! beauty ( mank9d is con/antly repres5t$4 ,all ! re/ we mu/ look at only hi/orically1 appropriat+ to ourselves :at is good1 s f> z x goes4 ,poetry & ,patriotism#ac ,to write milit>y songs1 & sit 9 a room6 ,t w\ld h suit$ me6 ,to h writt5 !m 9 ! biv\ac1 :5 ! horses at ! enemy's outpo/s are he>d neigh+ at night1 w\ld h be5 well en\gh2 h[ev]1 t 0 n my life & n my bus9ess1 b t ( ,!odor ,krn]4 ,8 w>-songs suit him p]fectly4 ,b to me1 :o am n ( a w>like nature1 & :o h no w>like s5se1 w>-songs w\ld h be5 a mask :i* w\ld h fitt$ my face v badly4 ,i h nev] affect$ any?+ 9 my poetry4 ,i h nev] utt]$ any?+ :i* ,i h n exp]i5c$1 & :i* has n urg$ me to production4 ,i h only compos$ love-songs :5 ,i h lov$4 ,h[ c\ld ,i write songs ( hatr$ )\t hat+6 ,&1 betwe5 ourselves1 ,i did n hate ! ,fr5*1 al?\gh ,i ?ank$ ,god t we 7 free f !m4 ,h[ c\ld ,i1 to :om culture & b>b>ism are alone ( importance1 hate a nation :i* is among ! mo/ cultivat$ ( ! e>?1 & to :i* ,i owe s great a "p ( my own culture8 ,altoge!r1 national hatr$ is some?+ peculi>4 ,y w always f9d x /ronge/ & mo/ viol5t :]e !re is ! l[e/ degree ( culture4 ,b !re is a degree :]e x vani%es altoge!r1 & :]e "o /&s to a c]ta9 ext5t above nations1 & feels ! weal or woe ( a neighbor+ p1 z if x _h happ5$ to "o's own4 ,?is degree ( culture 0 con=mable to my nature1 & ,i _h become /r5g!n$ 9 x long be=e ,i _h rea*$ my sixtie? ye>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is bett] = u mod]ns to say ) ,napoleon1 8,politics are ,de/9y40 ,b let u bew>e ( say+1 ) our late/ lit]ati1 t politics are poetry1 or a suitable subject = ! poet4 ,! ,engli% poet ,?omson wrote a v good poem on ! ,seasons1 b a v bad "o on ,lib]ty1 & t n f want ( poetry 9 ! poet1 b f want ( poetry 9 ! subject4 ,if a poet w\ld "w politically1 he mu/ give himself up to a p>ty2 & s soon z he does t he is lo/ z a poet2 he mu/ bid f>ewell to 8 free _s1 8 unbias$ view1 & draw ov] 8 e>s ! cap ( bigotry & bl9d hatr$4 ,! poet1 z a man & citiz51 w love 8 native l&2 b ! native l& ( 8 poetic p[]s & poetic action is ! good1 noble1 & beautiful1 :i* is conf9$ to no p>ticul> prov9ce or c\ntry1 & :i* he seizes ^u & =ms :]ev] he f9ds x4 ,!re9 is he l ! eagle1 :o hov]s ) free gaze ov] :ole c\ntries1 & to :om x is ( no consequ5ce :e!r ! h>e on :i* he p\nces is runn+ 9 ,prussia or 9 ,saxony4 ,&1 !n1 :at is meant by love ( "o's c\ntry8 :at is meant by patriotic de$s8 ,if ! poet has employ$ a life 9 battl+ ) p]nici\s prejudices1 9 sett+ aside n>r[ views1 9 enlight5+ ! m9ds1 purify+ ! ta/es1 ennobl+ ! feel+s & ?\ghts ( 8 c\ntrym51 :at bett] c\ld he h done8 h[ c\ld he h act$ m patriotically8 ,poetry & ,hi/ory ,manzoni wants no?+ except to "k :at a good poet he is1 & :at rights belong to him z su*4 ,he has too mu* respect = hi/ory1 & on ?is acc\nt always adds explanations to 8 pieces1 9 :i* he %[s h[ fai?ful he has be5 to detail4 ,n[1 ?\gh 8 facts may be hi/orical1 8 *>act]s are n s1 any m ?an my ,?oas & ,iphig5ia4 ,no poet has ev] kn[n ! hi/orical *>act]s :i* he has pa9t$2 if he _h1 he c\ld sc>cely h made use ( !m4 ,! poet mu/ "k :at effects he wi%es to produce1 & regulate ! nature ( 8 *>act]s accord+ly4 ,if ,i _h tri$ to make ,egmont z hi/ory repres5ts him1 ! fa!r ( a doz5 *ildr51 8 light-m9d$ proce$+s w\ld h appe>$ v absurd4 ,i ne$$ an ,egmont m 9 h>mony ) 8 own actions & my poetic views2 & ?is is1 z ,cl>a says1 my ,egmont4 ,:at w\ld be ! use ( poets1 if !y only repeat$ ! record ( ! hi/orian8 ,! poet mu/ g fur!r1 & give u1 if possible1 some?+ high] & bett]4 ,all ! *>act]s ( ,sophocles be> some?+ ( t great poet's l(ty s\l2 & x is ! same ) ! *>act]s ( ,%akespe>e4 ,?is is z x ought to be4 ,nay1 ,%akespe>e goes f>!r1 & makes 8 ,romans ,engli%m52 & !re1 too1 he is "r2 = o!rwise 8 nation w\ld n h und]/ood him4 ,"h aga9 ! ,greeks 7 s great t !y reg>d$ fidelity to hi/oric facts less ?an ! treatm5t ( !m by ! poet4 ,we h a f9e example 9 ,philoctetes1 :i* subject has be5 treat$ by all ?ree ( ! great tragic poets1 & la/ly & be/ by ,sophocles4 ,?is poet's excell5t play has1 =tunately1 come d[n to u entire1 :ile ( ! ,philoctetes ( s*ylus & ,euripides only fragm5ts h be5 f\nd1 al?\gh suffici5t to %[ h[ !y h manag$ ! subject4 ,if "t p]mitt$1 ,i w\ld re/ore ^! pieces1 z ,i did ! ,pheton ( ,euripides2 x w\ld be to me no unpleasant or useless task4 ,9 ?is subject ! problem 0 v simple1 namely1 to br+ ,philoctetes1 ) 8 b[1 f ! isl& ( ,lemnos4 ,b ! mann] ( do+ ?is 0 ! bus9ess ( ! poet1 & "h ea* c\ld %[ ! p[] ( 8 inv5tion1 & "o c\ld excel ano!r4 ,ulysses mu/ fet* him2 b %all he be recogniz$ by ,philoctetes or n8 & if n1 h[ %all he be disguis$8 ,%all ,ulysses g alone1 or %all he h companions1 & :o %all !y be8 ,9 s*ylus ! companion is unkn[n2 9 ,euripides1 x is ,diom$2 9 ,sophocles1 ! son ( ,a*illes4 ,!n1 9 :at situation is ,philoctetes to be f\nd8 ,%all ! isl& be inhabit$ or n8 &1 if inhabit$1 %all any sympa!tic s\l h tak5 compassion on him or n8 ,& s ) a hundr$ o!r ?+s1 :i* are all at ! discretion ( ! poet1 & 9 ! selection & omission ( :i* "o may %[ 8 sup]iority 9 wisdom to ano!r4 ,?is is ! important po9t1 & ! poets ( to-day %\ld d l ! anci5ts4 ,!y %\ld n be always ask+ :e!r a subject has be5 us$ be=e1 & look to s\? & nor? = unhe>d-( adv5tures1 :i* are (t5 b>b>\s en\gh1 & m]ely make an impression z incid5ts4 ,b to make some?+ ( a simple subject by a ma/]ly treatm5t requires intellect & great tal5t1 & ^! we d n f9d4 ,orig9ality ,! ,g]mans _c cease to be ,phili/9es4 ,!y are n[ squabbl+ ab\t "s di/i*s1 :i* are pr9t$ bo? 9 ,s*ill]'s works & m9e1 & fancy x is important to asc]ta9 :i* really belong to ,s*ill] & :i* to me2 z if any?+ c\ld be ga9$ by su* inve/igation--z if ! exi/5ce ( su* ?+s 7 n en\gh4 ,fri5ds l ,s*ill] & myself1 intimate = ye>s1 ) ! same int]e/s1 9 habits ( daily int]c\rse1 & "u reciprocal obligations1 live s completely 9 "o ano!r t x is h>dly possible to decide to :i* ( ! two ! p>ticul> ?\ghts belong4 ,we h made _m di/i*s toge!r2 sometimes ,i gave ! ?\ght1 & ,s*ill] made ! v]se2 sometimes ! contr>y 0 ! case2 sometimes he made "o l9e1 & ,i ! o!r4 ,:at matt]s ! m9e & ?9e8 ,"o mu/ be a ?or\gh ,phili/9e1 inde$1 to atta* ! slighte/ importance to ! solution ( su* que/ions4 ,we are inde$ born ) faculties2 b we owe our developm5t to a ?\s& influ5ces ( ! great _w1 f :i* we appropriate to ourselves :at we c1 & :at is suitable to u4 ,i owe mu* to ! ,greeks & ,fr5*2 ,i am inf9itely indebt$ to ,%akespe>e1 ,/]ne1 & ,goldsmi?2 b 9 say+ ?is ,i d n exhau/ ! s\rces ( my culture2 t w\ld be an endless z well z an unnecess>y task4 ,we might z well "q a /rong man ab\t ! ox51 %eep1 & sw9e :i* he has eat51 & :i* h giv5 him /r5g?4 ,:at is important is to h a s\l :i* loves tru?1 & receives x :]ev] x f9ds x4 ,besides1 ! _w is n[ s old1 s _m em95t m5 h liv$ & ?\ght = ?\s&s ( ye>s1 t !re is little new to be discov]$ or express$4 ,ev5 my !ory ( colors is n entirely new4 ,plato1 ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 & _m o!r excell5t m51 h be=e me f\nd & express$ ! same ?+ 9 a deta*$ =m3 my m]it is t ,i h f\nd x also1 t ,i h said x aga91 & t ,i h /riv5 to br+ ! tru? once m into a confus$ _w4 ,! tru? mu/ be repeat$ ov] & ov] aga91 because error is repeat$ly prea*$ among u1 n only by individuals1 b by ! masses4 ,9 p]iodicals & cyclop$ias1 9 s*ools & univ]sities1 ev]y:]e1 9 fact1 error prevails1 & is q easy 9 ! feel+ t x has a decid$ majority on its side4 99 99 99 99 99 ,p are always talk+ ab\t orig9ality2 b :at d !y mean8 ,z soon z we are born1 ! _w beg9s to "w ^u u1 & ?is goes on to ! end4 ,&1 aft] all1 :at c we call our own except en]gy1 /r5g?1 & w8 ,if ,i c\ld give an acc\nt ( all t ,i owe to great pr$ecessors & contempor>ies1 !re w\ld be b a small balance 9 my favor4 ,h[ev]1 ! "t ( life 9 :i* we are subject$ to a new & important p]sonal influ5ce is1 by no means1 a matt] ( indiff]5ce4 ,t ,less+1 ,w9ckelmann1 & ,kant 7 old] ?an ,i1 & t ! fir/ two act$ ^u my y\?1 ! latt] on my advanc$ age1--?is circum/ance 0 = me v important4 ,aga91 t ,s*ill] 0 s mu* y\ng] ?an ,i1 & engag$ 9 8 fre%e/ /riv+s j z ,i began to be we>y ( ! _w--j1 too1 z ! bro!rs von ,humboldt & ,s*legel 7 beg9n+ _! c>e] "u my eye--0 ( ! greate/ importance4 ,i d]iv$ f x unspeakable advantages4 ,:at s$uces "y p is ?is4 ,we live 9 a "t 9 :i* s mu* culture is diffus$ t x has communicat$ itself1 z x 71 to ! atmosph]e :i* a "y man brea!s4 ,poetical & philosophic ?\ghts live & move )9 him1 he has suck$ !m 9 ) 8 v brea?1 b he ?9ks !y are 8 own prop]ty1 & utt]s !m z su*4 ,b aft] he has re/or$ to ! "t :at he has receiv$ f x1 he rema9s poor4 ,he is l a f\nta9 :i* plays = a :ile ) ! wat] ) :i* x is suppli$1 b :i* ceases to fl[ z soon z ! liquid treasure is exhau/$4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! critic ( ,le ,temps has n be5 s wise4 ,he presumes to po9t out to ! poet ! way he %\ld g4 ,?is is a great fault2 = "o _c ?us make him bett]4 ,aft] all1 !re is no?+ m fooli% ?an to say to a poet3 8,y %\ld h done ?is 9 ?is way--& t 9 t40 ,i speak f long exp]i5ce4 ,"o c nev] make any?+ ( a poet b :at nature has int5d$ him to be4 ,if y =ce him to be ano!r1 y w de/roy him4 ,n[1 ! g5tlem5 ( ! ,globe1 z ,i said be=e1 act v wisely4 ,!y pr9t a long li/ ( all ! commonplaces :i* ,m4 ,arnault has pick$ up f e hole & corn]2 & by do+ ?is !y v clev]ly po9t out ! rock :i* ! au?or has to avoid 9 future4 ,x is almo/ impossible1 9 ! pres5t day1 to f9d a situation :i* is ?or\ghly new4 ,x is m]ely ! mann] ( look+ at x1 & ! art ( treat+ & repres5t+ x1 :i* c be new1 & "o mu/ be ! m cauti\s ( e imitation4 ,p]sonality 9 ,art ,y h be=e y ! works ( v fair tal5ts1 :o h le>n$ some?+1 & h acquir$ no little ta/e & art4 ,/ill1 some?+ is want+ 9 all ^! pictures--! ,manly4 ,take notice ( ?is ^w1 & und]score x4 ,! pictures lack a c]ta9 urg5t p[]1 :i* 9 =m] ages 0 g5]ally express$1 b 9 :i* ! pres5t age is defici5t1 & t ) respect n only to pa9t+1 b to all ! o!r arts4 ,we h a m weakly race1 ( :i* we _c say :e!r x is s by its orig91 or by a m weakly tra9+ & diet4 ,p]sonality is ev]y?+ 9 art & poetry2 nev]!less1 !re are _m weak p]sonages among ! mod]n critics :o d n admit ?is1 b look ^u a great p]sonality 9 a "w ( poetry or art m]ely z a k9d ( trifl+ app5dage4 ,h[ev]1 to feel & respect a great p]sonality "o mu/ be some?+ oneself4 ,all ^? :o d5i$ ! sublime to ,euripides 7 ei!r poor wret*es incapable ( compreh5d+ su* sublimity1 or %ameless *>latans1 :o1 by _! presumption1 wi%$ to make m ( !mselves1 & really did make m ( !mselves ?an !y 74 ,! ,subject-,matt] ( ,poetry ,! _w is s great & ri*1 & life s full ( v>iety1 t y c nev] want occasions = poems4 ,b !y mu/ all be occasional poems2 t is to say1 reality mu/ give bo? impulse & mat]ial = _! production4 ,a p>ticul> case becomes univ]sal & poetic by ! v circum/ance t x is treat$ by a poet4 ,all my poems are occasional poems1 sugge/$ by real life1 & hav+ !re9 a firm f\ndation4 ,i atta* no value to poems snat*$ out ( ! air4 ,let no "o say t reality wants poetical int]e/2 = 9 ?is ! poet proves 8 vocation1 t he has ! art to w9 f a common subject an int]e/+ side4 ,reality mu/ give ! motive1 ! po9ts to be express$1 ! k]nel1 z ,i may say2 b to "w out ( x a beautiful1 animat$ :ole1 belongs to ! poet4 ,y "k ,frn/e91 call$ ! ,poet ( ,nature2 he has writt5 ! prettie/ poem possible on ! cultivation ( hops4 ,i h n[ propos$ to him to make songs = ! diff]5t crafts ( work+-m51 p>ticul>ly a weav]'s song1 & ,i am sure he w d x well1 = he has liv$ among su* p f 8 y\?2 he und]/&s ! subjects ?or\ghly1 & is !re=e ma/] ( 8 mat]ial4 ,t is exactly ! advantage ( small works2 y ne$ only *oose ^? subjects ( :i* y are ma/]4 ,) a great poem1 ?is _c be3 no "p c be evad$2 all :i* belongs to ! animation ( ! :ole1 & is int]wov5 into ! plan1 mu/ be repres5t$ ) precision4 ,9 y\?1 h[ev]1 ! k ( ?+s is only "o-sid$4 ,a great "w requires _m-sid$ness1 & on t rock ! "y au?or splits4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i especially w>n y aga9/ great inv5tions ( y\r own2 = !n y w\ld try to give a view ( ?+s1 & = t purpose y\? is seldom ripe4 ,fur!r1 "* & views deta* !mselves z sides f ! poet's m9d1 & deprive him ( ! fullness requisite = future productions4 ,&1 f9ally1 h[ mu* "t is lo/ 9 inv5tion1 int]nal arrangem5t1 & comb9ation1 = :i* nobody ?anks u1 ev5 suppos+ our "w is happily accompli%$4 ,) a giv5 mat]ial1 on ! o!r h&1 all goes easi] & bett]4 ,facts & *>act]s be+ provid$1 ! poet has only ! task ( animat+ ! :ole4 ,he pres]ves 8 own fullness1 = he ne$s to "p ) b little ( himself1 & !re is mu* less loss ( "t & en]gy1 s9ce he has only ! tr\ble ( execution4 ,inde$1 ,i w\ld advise ! *oice ( subjects :i* h be5 work$ be=e4 ,h[ _m ,iphig5ias h be5 writt56 yet !y are all diff]5t1 = ea* writ] consid]s & arranges ! subject diff]5tly2 namely1 aft] 8 own fa%ion4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! majority ( our "y poets h no fault b ?is1 t _! subjectivity is n important1 & t !y _c f9d matt] 9 ! objective4 ,at be/1 !y only f9d a mat]ial :i* is simil> to !mselves1 :i* corresponds to _! own subjectivity2 b z = tak+ ! mat]ial on its own acc\nt2 m]ely because x is poetical1 ev5 :5 x is repugnant to _! subjectivity1 su* a ?+ is nev] ?\ght (4 99 99 99 99 99 ,our ,g]man /heticians are always talk+ ab\t poetical & unpoetical objects2 &1 9 "o respect1 !y are n q wrong2 yet1 at bottom1 no real object is unpoetical1 if ! poet kn[s h[ to use x prop]ly4 ,! ,influ5ce ( ,environm5t ,if a tal5t is to be spe$ily & happily develop$1 ! great po9t is t a great deal ( intellect & s\nd culture %\ld be curr5t 9 a nation4 ,we admire ! trag$ies ( ! anci5t ,greeks2 b1 to take a correct view ( ! case1 we ought r to admire ! p]iod & ! nation 9 :i* _! production 0 possible ?an ! individual au?ors2 = ?\gh ^! pieces diff] a little f ea* o!r1 & "o ( ^! poets appe>s some:at great] & m f9i%$ ?an ! o!r1 /ill1 tak+ all ?+s toge!r1 only "o decid$ "* runs ?r\gh ! :ole4 ,?is is ! "* ( gr&eur1 fitness1 s\ndness1 human p]fection1 elevat$ wisdom1 sublime ?\ght1 cle>1 concrete vision1 & :atev] o!r qualities "o might enum]ate4 ,b :5 we f9d all ^! qualities1 n only 9 ! dramatic works t h come d[n to u1 b also 9 lyrical & epic works1 9 ! philosoph]s1 ! orators1 & ! hi/orians1 & 9 an equally high degree 9 ! works ( pla/ic art t h come d[n to u1 we mu/ feel conv9c$ t su* qualities did n m]ely belong to individuals1 b 7 ! curr5t prop]ty ( ! nation & ! :ole p]iod4 ,n[1 take up ,burns4 ,h[ is he great1 except ?r\gh ! circum/ance t ! old songs ( 8 pr$ecessors liv$ 9 ! m\? ( ! p1--t !y 71 s to speak1 sung at 8 cradle2 t1 z a boy1 he grew up among/ !m1 & ! high excell5ce ( ^! models s p]vad$ him t he _h !re9 a liv+ basis on :i* he c\ld proce$ fur!r8 ,aga91 :y is he great1 b f ?is1 t 8 own songs at once f\nd susceptible e>s among/ 8 compatriots2 t1 sung by reap]s & %eaf-b9d]s1 !y at once greet$ him 9 ! field2 & t 8 boon-companions sang !m to welcome him at ! aleh\se8 ,some?+ 0 c]ta9ly to be done 9 ?is way4 ,on ! o!r h&1 :at a pitiful figure is made by u ,g]mans6 ,( our old songs--no less important ?an ^? ( ,scotl&--h[ _m liv$ among ! p 9 ! days ( my y\?8 ,h]d] & 8 successors fir/ began to collect !m & rescue !m f oblivion2 !n !y 7 at lea/ pr9t$ 9 ! libr>ies4 ,!n1 m lately1 :at songs h n ,brg] & ,voss compos$6 ,:o c say t !y are m insignificant or less popul> ?an ^? ( ! excell5t ,burns8 b :i* ( !m s lives among u t x greets u f ! m\? ( ! p8--!y are writt5 & pr9t$1 & !y rema9 9 ! libr>ies1 q 9 accordance ) ! g5]al fate ( ,g]man poets4 ,( my own songs1 h[ _m live8 ,p]haps "o or ano!r ( !m may be sung by a pretty girl at ! piano2 b among ! p1 prop]ly s call$1 !y h no s\nd4 ,) :at s5sations mu/ ,i rememb] ! "t :5 passages f ,tasso 7 sung to me by ,italian fi%]m56 ,we ,g]mans are ( ye/]day4 ,we h inde$ be5 prop]ly cultivat$ = a c5tury2 b a few c5turies m mu/ /ill elapse be=e s mu* m9d & elevat$ culture w become univ]sal among/ our p t !y w appreciate beauty l ! ,greeks1 t !y w be inspir$ by a beautiful song1 & t x w be said ( !m 8x is long s9ce !y 7 b>b>ians40 ,culture & ,morals ,! audacity & gr&eur ( ,byron mu/ c]ta9ly t5d t[>ds ,culture4 ,we %\ld take c>e n to be always look+ = x 9 only :at is decid$ly pure & moral4 ,ev]y?+ t is great promotes cultivation z soon z we are aw>e ( x4 ,classic & ,romantic ,a new expression occurs to me :i* does n ill def9e ! /ate ( ! case4 ,i call ! classic heal?y1 ! romantic sickly4 ,9 ?is s5se1 ! ,nibelung5li$ is z classic z ! ,iliad1 = bo? are vigor\s & heal?y4 ,mo/ mod]n productions are romantic1 n because !y are new1 b because !y are weak1 morbid1 & sickly2 & ! antique is classic1 n because x is old1 b because x is /rong1 fre%1 joy\s1 & heal?y4 ,if we di/+ui% 8classic0 & 8romantic0 by ^! qualities1 x w be easy to see our way cle>ly4 99 99 99 99 99 ,?is is a pa?ological "w2 a sup]fluity ( sap is be/[$ on "s p>ts :i* d n require x1 & drawn out ( ^? :i* /& 9 ne$ ( x4 ,! subject 0 good1 b ! sc5es :i* ,i expect$ 7 n !re2 :ile o!rs1 :i* ,i did n expect1 7 elaborat$ ) assiduity & love4 ,?is is :at ,i call pa?ological1 or 8romantic10 if y w\ld r speak accord+ to our new !ory4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! ,fr5* n[ beg9 to ?9k ju/ly ( ^! matt]s4 ,bo? classic & romantic1 say !y1 are equally good4 ,! only po9t is to use ^! =ms ) judgm5t1 & to be capable ( excell5ce4 ,y c be absurd 9 bo?1 & !n "o is z wor?less z ! o!r4 ,?is1 ,i ?9k1 is rational en\gh1 & may cont5t u = a :ile4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! idea ( ! di/9ction betwe5 classical & romantic poetry1 :i* is n[ spread ov] ! :ole _w1 & occasions s _m qu>rels & divisions1 came orig9ally f ,s*ill] & myself4 ,i laid d[n ! maxim ( objective treatm5t 9 poetry1 & w\ld all[ no o!r2 b ,s*ill]1 :o work$ q 9 ! subjective way1 deem$ 8 own fa%ion ! "r "o1 & to def5d himself aga9/ me1 wrote ! treatise ^u ,nave & ,s5tim5tal ,poetry4 ,he prov$ to me t ,i myself1 aga9/ my w1 0 romantic1 & t my ,iphig5ia1 ?r\gh ! pr$om9ance ( s5tim5t1 0 by no means s classical & s mu* 9 ! antique _s z "s p suppos$4 ,! ,s*legels took up ?is idea1 & c>ri$ x fur!r1 s t x has n[ be5 diffus$ ov] ! :ole _w2 & e "o talks ab\t classicism & romanticism--( :i* nobody ?\ght fifty ye>s ago4 ,ta/e ,?is is ! way to cultivate :at we call ta/e4 ,ta/e is only to be educat$ by contemplation1 n ( ! tol]ably good1 b ( ! truly excell5t4 ,i !re=e %[ y only ! be/ works2 & :5 y are gr\nd$ 9 ^!1 y w h a /&>d = ! re/1 :i* y w "k h[ to value1 )\t ov]rat+ !m4 ,& ,i %[ y ! be/ 9 ea* class1 t y may p]ceive t no class is to be despis$1 b t ea* gives delight :5 a man ( g5ius atta9s its highe/ po9t4 ,= in/ance1 ?is piece1 by a ,fr5* arti/1 is galant1 to a degree :i* y see n[h]e else1 & is !re=e a model 9 its way4 ,/yle ,on ! :ole1 philosophical speculation is injuri\s to ! ,g]mans1 z x t5ds to make _! /yle ab/ract1 difficult1 & obscure4 ,! /rong] _! atta*m5t to c]ta9 philosophical s*ools1 ! worse !y write4 ,^? ,g]mans :o1 z m5 ( bus9ess & actual life1 conf9e !mselves to ! practical1 write ! be/4 ,s*ill]'s /yle is mo/ noble & impressive :5ev] he leaves (f philosophiz+1 z ,i obs]ve e day 9 8 highly int]e/+ lett]s1 ) :i* ,i am n[ busy4 ,!re are also among ! ,g]man wom5 tal5t$ be+s :o write a really excell5t /yle1 &1 inde$1 9 t respect surpass _m ( our celebrat$ male writ]s4 ,! ,engli% almo/ always write well1 be+ born orators & practical m51 ) a t5d5cy to ! real4 ,! ,fr5*1 9 _! /yle1 rema9 true to _! g5]al "*4 ,!y are ( a social nature1 & !re=e nev] =get ! public :om !y address2 !y /rive to be cle>2 t !y may conv9ce _! read]--agreeable1 t !y may please him4 ,altoge!r1 ! /yle ( a writ] is a fai?ful repres5tative ( 8 m9d2 !re=e1 if any man wi%es to write a cle> /yle1 let him fir/ be cle> 9 8 ?\ghts3 & if any w\ld write 9 a noble /yle1 let him fir/ possess a noble s\l4 ,intellect & ,imag9ation ,i wond] :at ! ,g]man critics w say ( ?is poetic inconsi/5cy4 ,w !y h fre$om & boldness en\gh to get ov] ?is8 ,intellect w /& 9 ! way ( ! ,fr5*2 !y w n consid] t ! imag9ation has its own laws1 to :i* ! intellect _c1 & %\ld n1 p5etrate4 ,if imag9ation did n orig9ate ?+s :i* mu/ ev] be problems to ! intellect1 !re w\ld be b little = ! imag9ation to d4 ,x is ?is :i* sep>ates poetry f prose2 & x is 9 ! latt] t ! intellect always is1 & always %\ld be1 at home4 ,def9ition ( ,poetry ,:at ne$ ( mu* def9ition8 ,lively feel+ ( situations1 & p[] to express !m1 make ! poet4 ,def9ition ( ,beauty ,i _c help laugh+ at ! /heticians1 :o torm5t !mselves 9 endeavor+1 by "s ab/ract words1 to r$uce to a conception t inexpressible ?+ to :i* we give ! "n ( beauty4 ,beauty is a primeval ph5om5on1 :i* itself nev] makes its appe>ance1 b ! reflection ( :i* is visible 9 a ?\s& diff]5t utt]ances ( ! creative m9d1 & is z v>i\s z nature h]self4 ,ar*itecture & ,music ,i h f\nd a pap] ( m9e among "s o!rs1 9 :i* ,i call ar*itecture 8petrifi$ music40#ad ,really !re is some?+ 9 ?is2 ! tone ( m9d produc$ by ar*itecture approa*es ! effect ( music4 ,primitive ,poetry ,f ^! old ,g]man gloomy times we c obta9 z little z f ! ,s]vian songs1 & simil> b>b>ic popul> poetry4 ,we c read x & be int]e/$ ab\t x = a :ile1 b m]ely to ca/ x aside1 & let x lie beh9d u4 ,g5]ally speak+1 a man is q suffici5tly sadd5$ by 8 own passions & de/9y1 & ne$ n make himself m s by ! d>kness ( a b>b>ic pa/4 ,he ne$s enlight5+ & *e]+ influ5ces1 & %\ld !re=e turn to ^? eras 9 art & lit]ature1 dur+ :i* rem>kable m5 obta9$ p]fect culture1 s t !y 7 satisfi$ ) !mselves1 & able to imp>t to o!rs ! bless+s ( _! culture4 ,weltlit]atur ,we ,g]mans are weake/ 9 ! /hetic dep>tm5t1 & may wait long be=e we meet su* a man z ,c>lyle4 ,x is pleasant to see t int]c\rse is n[ s close betwe5 ! ,fr5*1 ,engli%1 & ,g]mans1 t we %all be able to correct "o ano!r4 ,?is is ! greate/ use ( a ,_w ,lit]ature1 :i* w %[ itself m & m4 ,c>lyle has writt5 a life ( ,s*ill]1 & judg$ him z x w\ld be difficult = a ,g]man to judge him4 ,on ! o!r h&1 we are cle> ab\t ,%akespe>e & ,byron1 & c1 p]haps1 appreciate _! m]its bett] ?an ! ,engli% !mselves4 ,fr5* ,critics ,i am n[ really curi\s to "k :at ! g5tlem5 ( ! ,globe w say ( ?is novel4 ,!y are clev] en\gh to p]ceive its excell5cies2 & ! :ole t5d5cy ( ! "w is s mu* gri/ to ! mill ( ^! lib]als1 al?\gh ,manzoni has %[n himself v mod]ate4 ,nev]!less1 ! ,fr5* seldom receive a "w ) su* pure k9dl9ess z we2 !y _c readily adapt !mselves to ! au?or's po9t ( view1 b1 ev5 9 ! be/1 always f9d some?+ :i* is n to _! m9d1 & :i* ! au?or %\ld h done o!rwise4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at m5 ^! writ]s 9 ! ,globe are6 ,"o has sc>cely a notion h[ mu* great] & m rem>kable !y become e day1 & h[ mu*1 z x 71 !y are imbu$ ) "o _s4 ,su* a pap] w\ld be utt]ly impossible 9 ,g]many4 ,we are m]e individuals2 h>mony & conc]t are n to be ?\ght (2 ea* has ! op9ions ( 8 prov9ce1 8 city1 & 8 own idiosyncrasy2 & x w be a long :ile be=e we h atta9$ an univ]sal culture4 ,! ,con/ruction ( a ,good ,play ,:5 a piece makes a deep impression on u 9 read+1 we ?9k t x w d ! same on ! /age1 & t su* a result c be obta9$ ) little tr\ble4 ,b ?is is by no means ! case4 ,a piece t is n orig9ally1 by ! int5t & skill ( ! poet1 writt5 = ! bo>ds1 w n succe$2 b :atev] is done to x w always rema9 some?+ unmanageable4 ,:at tr\ble h ,i tak5 ) my ,goetz von ,b]li*+56 ,yet x w n q d z an act+ play2 x is too long2 & ,i h be5 =c$ to divide x into two p>ts1 ( :i* ! la/ is inde$ !atrically effective1 :ile ! fir/ is to be look$ ^u z a m]e introduction4 ,if ! fir/ "p 7 giv5 only once z an introduction1 & !n ! second repeat$ly1 x might succe$4 ,x is ! same ) ,wall5/e92 ! ,piccolom9i does n be> repetition1 b ,wall5/e9's ,dea? is always se5 ) delight4 ,! con/ruction ( a play mu/ be symbolical2 t is to say1 ea* incid5t mu/ be significant 9 itself1 & lead to ano!r /ill m important4 ,! ,t>tuffe ( ,molire is1 9 ?is respect1 a great example4 ,only ?9k :at an introduction is ! fir/ sc5e6 ,f ! v beg9n+ ev]y?+ is highly significant1 & leads u to expect some?+ /ill m important :i* is to come4 ,! beg9n+ ( ,less+'s ,m9na von ,b>nhelm is also admirable2 b t ( ,t>tuffe is absolutely unique3 x is ! greate/ & be/ ?+ t exi/s ( ! k9d4 ,9 ,cald]on y f9d ! same p]fect adaptation to ! !atre4 ,8 pieces are ?r\gh\t fit = ! bo>ds2 !re is n a t\* 9 !m :i* is n direct$ t[>ds ! requir$ effect4 ,cald]on is a g5ius :o _h also ! f9e/ und]/&+4 ,%akespe>e wrote 8 plays direct f 8 own nature4 ,!n1 too1 8 age & ! exi/+ arrangem5ts ( ! /age made no dem&s ^u him2 p 7 =c$ to put up ) :atev] he gave !m4 ,b if ,%akespe>e _h writt5 = ! c\rt ( ,madrid1 or = ! !atre ( ,l\is ,,xiv1 he w\ld probably h adapt$ himself to a sev]] !atrical =m4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 is by no means to be regrett$1 = :at ,%akespe>e has lo/ z a !atrical poet he has ga9$ z a poet 9 g5]al4 ,%akespe>e is a great psy*ologi/1 & we le>n f 8 pieces :at really moves ! he>ts ( m54 ,dramatic ,unities ,he ,byron und]/ood ! purpose ( ?is law no bett] ?an ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,compreh5sibility das ,fassli*e is ! purpose1 & ! ?ree unities are only s f> good z !y conduce to ?is end4 ,if ! obs]vance ( !m h9d]s ! compreh5sion ( a "w1 x is fooli% to treat !m z laws1 & to try to obs]ve !m4 ,ev5 ! ,greeks1 f :om ! rule 0 tak51 did n always foll[ x4 ,9 ! ,phae?on ( ,euripides1 & 9 o!r pieces1 !re is a *ange ( place1 & x is obvi\s t good repres5tation ( _! subject 0 ) !m m important ?an bl9d ob$i5ce to law1 :i*1 9 itself1 is ( no great consequ5ce4 ,! pieces ( ,%akespe>e deviate1 z f> z possible1 f ! unities ( "t & place2 b !y are compreh5sible--no?+ m s--& on ?is acc\nt ! ,greeks w\ld h f\nd no fault 9 !m4 ,! ,fr5* poets h endeavor$ to foll[ mo/ rigidly ! laws ( ! ?ree unities1 b !y s9 aga9/ compreh5sibility1 inasmu* z !y solve a dramatic law1 n dramatically1 b by n>ration4 ,! ,!atre ,any "o :o is suffici5tly "y1 & :o is n q spoil$1 c\ld n easily f9d any place t w\ld suit him s well z a !atre4 ,no "o asks y any que/ions3 y ne$ n op5 y\r m\? unless y *oose2 on ! contr>y1 y sit q at y\r ease l a k+1 & let ev]y?+ pass be=e y1 & recreate y\r m9d & s5ses to y\r he>t's cont5t4 ,!re is poetry1 !re is pa9t+1 !re are s++ & music1 !re is act+1 & :at n besides4 ,:5 all ^! arts1 & ! *>m ( y\? & beauty height5$ to an important degree1 "w 9 conc]t on ! same ev5+1 x is a b\quet to :i* no o!r c comp>e4 ,b ev5 :5 "p is bad & "p is good1 x is /ill bett] ?an look+ out ( ! w9d[1 or play+ a game ( :i/ 9 a close p>ty amid ! smoke ( cig>s4 ,act+ ,x is a great error to ?9k t an indiff]5t piece may be play$ by indiff]5t actors4 ,a second or ?ird rate play c be incr$ibly improv$ by ! employm5t ( fir/-rate tal5ts1 & be made some?+ really good4 ,b if a second or ?ird rate play be p]=m$ by second or ?ird rate actors1 no "o c wond] if x is utt]ly ineffective4 ,second-rate actors are excell5t 9 great plays4 ,!y h ! same effect t ! figures 9 half %ade h 9 a picture2 !y s]ve admirably to %[ (f m p[]fully ^? :i* h ! full light4 ,dramatic ,situations ,gozzi ma9ta9$ t !re are only ?irty-six tragical situations4 ,s*ill] took ! greate/ pa9s to f9d m1 b he did n f9d ev5 s _m z ,gozzi4 ,managem5t ( ! ,!atre ,! ,gr& ,duke disclos$ to me 8 op9ion t a !atre ne$ n be ( ar*itectural magnific5ce1 :i* c\ld n be contradict$4 ,he fur!r said t x 0 aft] all b a h\se = ! purpose ( gett+ money4 ,?is view appe>s at fir/ sight r mat]ial2 b rightly consid]$1 x is n )\t a high] purport4 ,= if a !atre is n only to pay its exp5ses1 b is1 besides1 to make & save money1 ev]y?+ ab\t x mu/ be excell5t4 ,x mu/ h ! be/ managem5t at its head2 ! actors mu/ be ( ! be/2 & good pieces mu/ cont9ually be p]=m$1 t ! attractive p[] requir$ to draw a full h\se e ev5+ may nev] cease4 ,b t is say+ a great deal 9 a few words--almo/ :at is impossible4 ,ev5 ,%akespe>e & ,molire _h no o!r view4 ,bo? ( !m wi%$1 above all ?+s1 to make money out ( _! !atres4 ,9 ord] to atta9 ?is1 _! pr9cipal aim1 !y necess>ily /rove t ev]y?+ %\ld be z good z possible1 & t1 besides good old plays1 !re %\ld be "s wor?y novelty to please & attract4 ,no?+ is m dang]\s to ! well-be+ ( a !atre ?an :5 ! director is s plac$ t a great] or less receipt at ! treasury does n affect him p]sonally1 & he c live on 9 c>eless security1 kn[+ t1 h[ev] ! receipts at ! treasury may fail 9 ! c\rse ( ! ye>1 at ! end ( t "t he w be able to indemnify himself f ano!r s\rce4 ,x is a prop]ty ( human nature soon to relax :5 n impell$ by p]sonal advantage or disadvantage4 ,m5&] ,i "k no "o1 aft] ,sophocles1 :om ,i love s well4 ,he is ?or\ghly pure1 noble1 great1 & *e]ful1 & 8 grace is inimitable4 ,x is c]ta9ly to be lam5t$ t we possess s little ( him1 b t little is invaluable1 & highly in/ructive to gift$ m54 ,cald]on ,! great po9t is t he f :om we w\ld le>n %\ld be cong5ial to our nature4 ,n[1 ,cald]on1 = in/ance1 great z he is1 & mu* z ,i admire him1 has ex]t$ no influ5ce ov] me = good or = ill4 ,b he w\ld h be5 dang]\s to ,s*ill]--he w\ld h l$ him a/ray2 & h5ce x is =tunate t ,cald]on 0 n g5]ally kn[n 9 ,g]many till aft] ,s*ill]'s dea?4 ,cald]on is inf9itely great 9 ! te*nical & !atrical2 ,s*ill]1 on ! contr>y1 f> m s\nd1 e>ne/1 & great 9 8 int5tion1 & x w\ld h be5 a pity if he _h lo/ any ( ^! virtues1 )\t1 aft] all1 atta9+ ! greatness ( ,cald]on 9 o!r respects4 ,molire ,molire is s great t "o is a/oni%$ anew e "t "o reads him4 ,he is a man by himself--8 pieces bord] on trag$y2 !y are appreh5sive2 & no "o has ! c\rage to imitate !m4 ,8 ,mis]1 :]e ! vice de/roys all ! natural piety betwe5 fa!r & son1 is especially great1 & 9 a high s5se tragic4 ,b :51 9 a ,g]man p>aphrase1 ! son is *ang$ into a relation1 ! :ole is weak5$1 & loses its significance4 ,!y fe>$ to %[ ! vice 9 its true nature1 z he did2 b :at is tragic !re1 or inde$ any:]e1 except :at is intol]able8 ,i read "s pieces ( ,molire's e ye>1 j z1 f "t to "t1 ,i contemplate ! engrav+s aft] ! great ,italian ma/]s4 ,= we little m5 are n able to reta9 ! greatness ( su* ?+s )9 ourselves2 we mu/ !re=e return to !m f "t to "t1 & r5ew our impressions4 99 99 99 99 99 ,if we1 = our mod]n purposes1 wi% to le>n h[ to conduct ourselves ^u ! !atre1 ,molire is ! man to :om we %\ld apply4 ,d y "k 8 ,malade ,imag9aire8 ,!re is a sc5e 9 x :i*1 z (t5 z ,i read ! piece1 appe>s to me ! symbol ( a p]fect k ( ! bo>ds4 ,i mean ! sc5e :]e ! 8malade imag9aire0 asks 8 little daught] ,l\ison if !re has n be5 a "y man 9 ! *amb] ( h] elde/ si/]4 ,n[1 any o!r :o did n und]/& 8 craft s well w\ld h let ! little ,l\ison pla9ly tell ! fact at once1 & !re w\ld h be5 ! end ( ! matt]4 ,b :at v>i\s motives = delay are introduc$ by ,molire into ?is exam9ation1 = ! sake ( life & effect4 ,he fir/ makes ! little ,l\ison act z if %e did n und]/& h] fa!r2 !n %e d5ies t %e kn[s any?+2 !n1 ?reat5$ ) ! rod1 %e falls d[n z if dead2 !n1 :5 h] fa!r bur/s out 9 despair1 %e spr+s up f h] feign$ swoon ) rogui% hil>ity1 & at la/1 little by little1 %e confesses all4 ,my explanation c only give y a v meagre notion ( ! animation ( ! sc5e2 b read ?is sc5e y\rself till y become ?or\ghly impress$ ) its !atrical wor?1 & y w confess t !re is m practical in/ruction conta9$ 9 x ?an 9 all ! !ories 9 ! _w4 ,i h kn[n & lov$ ,molire f my y\?1 & h le>n$ f him dur+ my :ole life4 ,i nev] fail to read "s ( 8 plays e ye>1 t ,i may keep up a con/ant int]c\rse ) :at is excell5t4 ,x is n m]ely ! p]fectly arti/ic treatm5t :i* delights me2 b p>ticul>ly ! amiable nature1 ! highly-=m$ m9d1 ( ! poet4 ,!re is 9 him a grace & a feel+ = ! decor\s1 & a tone ( good society1 :i* 8 innate beautiful nature c\ld only atta9 by daily int]c\rse ) ! mo/ em95t m5 ( 8 age4 ,( ,m5&]1 ,i only "k ! few fragm5ts2 b ^! give me s high an idea ( him t ,i look ^u ?is great ,greek z ! only man :o c\ld be comp>$ to ,molire4 ,%akespe>e ,we _c talk ab\t ,%akespe>e2 ev]y?+ is inadequate4 ,i h t\*$ ^u ! subject 9 my ,wilhelm ,mei/]1 b t is n say+ mu*4 ,he is n a !atrical poet2 he nev] ?\ght ( ! /age2 x 0 f> too n>r[ = 8 great m9d3 nay1 ! :ole visible _w 0 too n>r[4 ,he is ev5 too ri* & too p[]ful4 ,a productive nature ought n to read m ?an "o ( 8 dramas 9 a ye> if x w\ld n be wreck$ entirely4 ,i did well to get rid ( him by writ+ ,goetz & ,egmont1 & ,byron did well by n hav+ too mu* respect & admiration = him1 b go+ 8 own way4 ,h[ _m excell5t ,g]mans h be5 ru9$ by him & ,cald]on6 ,%akespe>e gives u gold5 apples 9 silv] di%es4 ,we get1 inde$1 ! silv] di%es by /udy+ 8 works2 b1 un=tunately1 we h only potatoes to put into !m4 99 99 99 99 99 ,macbe? is ,%akespe>e's be/ act+ play1 ! "o 9 :i* he %[s mo/ und]/&+ ) respect to ! /age4 ,b w\ld y see 8 m9d unfett]$1 read ,troilus & ,cressida1 :]e he treats ! mat]ials ( ! ,iliad 9 8 own fa%ion4 ,a4 ,w4 ,s*legel's ,lectures on ,dramatic ,art & ,lit]ature ,x is n to be d5i$ t ,s*legel kn[s a great deal1 & "o is almo/ t]rifi$ at 8 extraord9>y atta9m5ts & 8 ext5sive read+4 ,b ?is is n en\gh4 ,le>n+ 9 itself does n con/itute judgm5t4 ,8 criticism is completely "o-sid$1 because 9 all !atrical pieces he m]ely reg>ds ! skeleton ( ! plot & arrangem5t1 & only po9ts out small po9ts ( resemblance to great pr$ecessors1 )\t tr\bl+ himself 9 ! lea/ z to :at ! au?or br+s =w>d ( graceful life & ! culture ( a high s\l4 ,b ( :at use are all ! arts ( g5ius1 if we d n f9d 9 a !atrical piece an amiable or great p]sonality ( ! au?or8 ,?is alone influ5ces ! cultivation ( ! p4 ,i look ^u ! mann] 9 :i* ,s*legel has treat$ ! ,fr5* drama z a sort ( recipe = ! =mation ( a bad critic1 :o is want+ 9 e organ = ! v5]ation ( excell5ce1 & :o passes ov] an able p]sonality & a great "* z if !y 7 *aff & /ubble4 ,! ,fr5* ,romantici/s ,extremes are nev] to be avoid$ 9 any revolution4 ,9 a political "o no?+ is g5]ally desir$ 9 ! beg9n+ b ! abolition ( abuses2 b be=e p are aw>e1 !y are deep 9 blood%$ & horror4 ,?us ! ,fr5*1 9 _! pres5t lit]>y revolution1 desir$ no?+ at fir/ b a fre] =m2 h[ev]1 !y w n /op !re1 b w reject ! traditional cont5ts toge!r ) ! =m4 ,!y beg9 to decl>e ! repres5tation ( noble s5tim5ts & de$s z t$i\s1 & attempt to treat ( all sorts ( abom9ations4 ,in/ead ( ! beautiful subjects f ,grecian my?ology1 !re are devils1 wit*es1 & vampires1 & ! l(ty h]oes ( antiquity mu/ give place to juggl]s & galley slaves4 ,?is is piquant6 ,?is is effective6 ,b aft] ! public has once ta/$ ?is highly season$ food1 & has become accu/om$ to x1 x w always long = m1 & t /rong]4 ,a "y man ( tal5t1 :o w\ld produce an effect & be ackn[l$g$1 & :o is great en\gh to g 8 own way1 mu/ accommodate himself to ! ta/e ( ! day--nay1 mu/ seek to outdo 8 pr$ecessors 9 ! horrible & frightful4 ,b 9 ?is *ase aft] outw>d means ( effect1 all pr(\nd /udy1 & all gradual & ?or\gh developm5t ( ! tal5t & ! man f )91 is entirely neglect$4 ,& ?is is ! greate/ injury :i* c befall a tal5t1 al?\gh lit]ature 9 g5]al w ga9 by ?is t5d5cy ( ! mom5t4 ,! extremes & excresc5ces :i* ,i h describ$ w gradually disappe>2 b ?is great advantage w f9ally rema9--besides a fre] =m1 ri*] & m div]sifi$ subjects w h be5 atta9$1 & no object ( ! broade/ _w & ! mo/ manifold life w be any long] exclud$ z unpoetical4 ,i comp>e ! pres5t lit]>y epo* to a /ate ( viol5t fev]1 :i* is n 9 itself good & desirable1 b ( :i* improv$ heal? is ! happy consequ5ce4 ,t abom9ation :i* n[ (t5 con/itutes ! :ole subject ( a poetical "w w 9 future only appe> z a useful exp$i5t2 aye1 ! pure & ! noble1 :i* is n[ ab&on$ = ! mom5t1 w soon be res\ght ) additional ardor4 ,mrime has treat$ ^! ?+s v diff]5tly f 8 fell[-au?ors4 ,^! poems1 x is true1 are n defici5t 9 v>i\s horrible motifs1 su* z *ur*y>ds1 nocturnal crossroads1 gho/s & vampires2 b ! repulsive !mes d n t\* ! intr9sic m]it ( ! poet4 ,on ! contr>y1 he treats !m f a c]ta9 objective di/ance1 &1 z x 71 ) irony4 ,he goes to "w ) !m l an arti/1 to :om x is an amusem5t to try any?+ ( ! sort4 ,he has1 z ,i h said be=e1 q r5\nc$ himself1 nay1 he has ev5 r5\nc$ ! ,fr5*man1 & t to su* a degree t at fir/ ^! poems ( ,guzla 7 deem$ real ,illyrian popul> poems1 & ?us little 0 want+ = ! success ( ! imposition he _h int5d$4 ,mrime1 to be sure1 is a spl5did fell[6 ,inde$1 m p[] & g5ius are g5]ally requir$ = ! objective treatm5t ( a subject ?an is suppos$4 ,s ,"l ,byron1 also1 not)/&+ 8 pr$om9ant p]sonality1 has sometimes _h ! p[] ( r5\nc+ himself altoge!r1 z may be se5 9 "s ( 8 dramatic pieces1 p>ticul>ly 9 8 ,m>9o ,fali]o4 ,9 ?is piece "o q =gets t ,"l ,byron1 or ev5 an ,engli%man1 wrote x4 ,we live entirely 9 ,v5ice1 & entirely 9 ! "t 9 :i* ! action takes place4 ,! p]sonages speak q f !mselves1 & f _! own condition1 )\t hav+ any ( ! subjective feel+s1 ?\ghts1 & op9ions ( ! poet4 ,t is z x %\ld be4 ,( our "y ,fr5* romantic writ]s ( ! exagg]at+ sort1 "o _c say z mu*4 ,:at ,i h read ( !m--poems1 novels1 dramatic works--h all borne ! p]sonal color+ ( ! au?or1 & none ( !m ev] make me =get t a ,p>isian--t a ,fr5*man--wrote !m4 ,ev5 9 ! treatm5t ( =eign subjects "o /ill rema9s 9 ,france & ,p>is1 q absorb$ 9 all ! wi%es1 necessities1 conflicts1 & f]m5tations ( ! pres5t day4 ,victor ,hugo ,he has a f9e tal5t1 b q entangl$ 9 ! unhappy romantic t5d5cy ( 8 "t1 by :i* he is s$uc$ to repres5t1 toge!r ) :at is beautiful1 also t :i* is mo/ insupportable & hide\s4 ,i h lately be5 read+ 8 ,notre ,dame de ,p>is1 & requir$ no little pati5ce to support ! horror ) :i* ?is read+ has inspir$ me4 ,x is ! mo/ abom9able book t ev] 0 writt56 ,besides1 "o is n ev5 indemnifi$ = ! torture "o has to endure by ! pleasure "o might receive f a tru?ful repres5tation ( human nature or human "*4 ,8 book is1 on ! contr>y1 utt]ly de/itute ( nature & tru?6 ,! s-call$ *>act]s :om he br+s =w>d are n human be+s ) liv+ fle% & blood1 b mis]able wood5 puppets1 :i* he deals ) z he pleases1 & :i* he causes to make all sorts ( contortions & grimaces j z he ne$s !m = 8 desir$ effects4 ,b :at an age x mu/ be :i* n only r5d]s su* a book possible & calls x into exi/5ce1 b ev5 f9ds x endurable & delightful4 ,! 8,idea0 ( ,goe!'s ,tasso & ,fau/ ,idea6 z if ,i knew any?+ ab\t x4 ,i _h ! life ( ,tasso1 ,i _h my own life2 & :il/ ,i br\ght toge!r two odd figures ) _! peculi>ities1 ! image ( ,tasso arose 9 my m9d1 to :i* ,i oppos$1 z a prosaic contra/1 t ( ,antonio1 = :om also ,i did n lack models4 ,! fur!r p>ticul>s ( c\rt life & love affairs 7 at ,weim> z !y 7 9 ,f]r>a2 & ,i c truly say ( my production1 x is bone ( my bone1 & fle% ( my fle%4 ,! ,g]mans are1 c]ta9ly1 /range p4 ,by _! deep ?\ghts & ideas1 :i* !y seek 9 ev]y?+ & fix ^u ev]y?+1 !y make life mu* m burd5some ?an is necess>y4 ,only h ! c\rage to give y\rself up to y\r impressions1 all[ y\rself to be delight$1 mov$1 elevat$1 nay1 in/ruct$ & inspir$ = some?+ great2 b d n imag9e all is vanity1 if x is n ab/ract ?\ght & idea4 ,!n !y come & ask :at idea ,i meant to embody 9 my ,fau/4 ,z if ,i knew myself & c\ld in=m !m4 ,f heav51 ?r\gh ! _w1 to hell1 w\ld inde$ be some?+2 b ?is is no idea1 only a c\rse ( action4 ,& fur!r1 t ! devil loses ! wag]1 & t a man1 cont9ually /ruggl+ f difficult errors t[>ds some?+ bett]1 %\ld be r$eem$1 is an effective1 & to _m1 a good enlight5+ ?\ght2 b x is no idea :i* lies at ! f\ndation ( ! :ole & ( e individual sc5e4 ,x w\ld h be5 a f9e ?+1 inde$1 if ,i _h /rung s ri*1 v>i$1 & highly div]sifi$ a life z ,i h br\ght to view 9 ,fau/ ^u ! sl5d] /r+ ( "o p]vad+ idea4 ,x 01 on ! :ole1 n 9 my l9e1 z a poet1 to /rive to embody any?+ ab/ract4 ,i receiv$ 9 my m9d impressions1 & ^? ( a s5su\s1 animat$1 *>m+1 v>i$1 hundr$fold k9d1 j z a lively imag9ation pres5t$ !m2 & ,i _h1 z a poet1 no?+ m to d ?an arti/ically to r\nd (f & elaborate su* views & impressions1 & by means ( a lively repres5tation s to br+ !m =w>d t o!rs might receive ! same impression 9 he>+ or read+ my repres5tation ( !m4 ,if ,i h[ev] wi%$1 z a poet1 to repres5t any idea1 ,i did x 9 %ort poems1 :]e a decid$ unity c\ld prevail1 z1 = in/ance1 9 ! ,metamorphosis ( ,animals1 t ( ,plants1 ! poem ,legacy1 & _m o!rs4 ,! only production ( great] ext5t1 9 :i* ,i am consci\s ( hav+ labor$ to set =? a p]vad+ idea1 is probably my ,elective ,aff9ities4 ,?is novel has ?us become compreh5sible to ! intellect2 b ,i w n say t x is !re=e bett]4 ,i am r ( ! op9ion t ! m incomm5surable1 & ! m incompreh5sible to ! intellect1 a poetic production is1 s mu* ! bett] x is4 ,s*ill] ,yes1 ev]y?+ else ab\t him 0 pr\d & maje/ic1 only ! eyes 7 s(t4 ,& 8 tal5t 0 l 8 outw>d =m4 ,he seiz$ boldly on a great subject1 & turn$ x ?is way & t1 & h&l$ x ?is way & t4 ,b he saw 8 object1 z x 71 only f ! outside2 a quiet developm5t f )9 0 n 8 prov9ce4 ,8 tal5t 0 desultory4 ,?us he 0 nev] decid$--c\ld nev] h done4 ,he (t5 *ang$ a "p j be=e a rehe>sal4 ,&1 z he w5t s boldly to "w1 he did n take suffici5t pa9s ab\t motives4 ,i recollect :at tr\ble ,i _h ) him :5 he want$ to make ,gessl]1 9 ,tell1 abruptly break an apple f ! tree1 & h x %ot f ! boy's head4 ,?is 0 q aga9/ my nature1 & ,i urg$ him to give at lea/ "s motive to ?is b>b>ity1 by mak+ ! boy boa/ to ,gessl] ( 8 fa!r's dext]ity1 & say t he c\ld %oot an apple f a tree at a hundr$ paces4 ,s*ill]1 at fir/1 w\ld h no?+ ( ! sort3 b at la/ he yield$ to my argum5ts & int5tions1 & did z ,i advis$ him4 ,i1 on ! o!r h&1 by too great att5tion to motives1 kept my pieces f ! !atre4 ,my ,eug5ie is no?+ b a *a9 ( motives1 & ?is _c succe$ on ! /age4 ,s*ill]'s g5ius 0 really made = ! !atre4 ,) e piece he progress$1 & became m f9i%$2 b1 /range to say1 a c]ta9 love = ! horrible adh]$ to him f ! "t ( ! ,robb]s1 :i* nev] q left him ev5 9 8 prime4 ,i /ill recollect p]fectly well t 9 ! prison sc5e 9 my ,egmont1 :]e ! s5t5ce is read to him1 ,s*ill] w\ld h made ,alva appe> 9 ! backgr\nd1 mask$ & muffl$ 9 a cloak1 enjoy+ ! effect :i* ! s5t5ce w\ld produce on ,egmont4 ,?us ,alva 0 to %[ himself insatiable 9 rev5ge & malice4 ,i1 h[ev]1 prote/$1 & prev5t$ ! app>ition4 ,he 0 a s+ul>1 great man4 ,e week he became diff]5t & m f9i%$2 ea* "t t ,i saw him he seem$ to me to h advanc$ 9 le>n+ & judgm5t4 ,8 lett]s are ! faire/ memorials ( him :i* ,i possess1 & !y are also among ! mo/ excell5t ( 8 writ+s4 ,ed9burgh ,review ,x is a pleasure to me to see ! elevation & excell5ce to :i* ! ,engli% critics n[ rise4 ,!re is n a trace ( _! =m] p$antry1 b its place is occupi$ by great qualities4 ,9 ! la/ article--! "o on ,g]man lit]ature--y w f9d ! foll[+ rem>k3--8,!re are "s poets :o h a t5d5cy always to occupy !mselves ) ?+s :i* ano!r likes to drive f 8 m9d40 ,:at say y to ?is8 ,!re we "k at once :]e we are1 & h[ we h to classify a great numb] ( our mo/ mod]n lit]ati4 ,byron ,"l ,byron is to be reg>d$ z a man1 z an ,engli%man1 & z a great g5ius4 ,8 good qualities belong *iefly to ! man1 8 bad to ! ,engli%man & ! pe]1 8 tal5t is incomm5surable4 ,all ,engli%m51 z su*1 are )\t reflection1 prop]ly s call$2 di/ractions & p>ty _s w n p]mit !m to p]fect !mselves 9 quiet4 ,b !y are great z practical m54 ,?us ,"l ,byron c\ld nev] atta9 reflection conc]n+ himself1 & on ?is acc\nt 8 maxims 9 g5]al are n successful1 z is %[n by 8 cre$1 8mu* money & no au?ority10 = mu* money always p>alyzes au?ority4 ,b :]e he creates he always succe$s2 & we may truly say t ) him inspiration supplies ! place ( reflection4 ,some?+ )9 him ev] drove him to poetry1 & !n ev]y?+ t came f ! man1 especially f 8 he>t1 0 excell5t4 ,he produc$ 8 be/ ?+s1 z wom5 d pretty *ildr51 )\t ?9k+ ab\t x or kn[+ h[ x 0 done4 ,he is a great tal5t1 a born tal5t1 & ,i nev] saw ! true poetical p[] great] 9 any man ?an 9 him4 ,9 ! appreh5sion ( ext]nal objects1 & a cle> p5etration into pa/ situations1 he is q z great z ,%akespe>e4 ,b z a pure individuality1 ,%akespe>e is 8 sup]ior4 ,?is 0 felt by ,byron1 & on ?is acc\nt he does n say mu* ( ,%akespe>e1 al?\gh he kn[s :ole passages by he>t4 ,he w\ld will+ly h d5i$ him altoge!r2 = ,%akespe>e's s]5ity is 9 8 way1 & he feels t he is no mat* = x4 ,pope he does n d5y1 = he _h no cause to fe> him4 ,on ! contr>y1 he m5tions him1 & %[s him respect :5 he c1 = he kn[s well en\gh t ,pope is a m]e foil to himself4 ,8 high rank z an ,engli% pe] 0 v injuri\s to ,byron2 = e tal5t is oppress$ by ! out] _w1--h[ mu* m1 !n1 :5 !re is su* high bir? & s great a =tune4 ,a c]ta9 middle rank is mu* m favorable to tal5t1 on :i* acc\nt we f9d all great arti/s & poets 9 ! middle classes4 ,byron's pr$ilection = ! unb\nd$ c\ld n h be5 ne>ly s dang]\s ) m humble bir? & small] means4 ,b z x 01 he 0 able to put e fancy into practice1 & ?is involv$ him 9 innum]able scrapes4 ,besides1 h[ c\ld "o ( su* high rank be inspir$ ) awe & respect by any rank :atev]8 ,he express$ :atev] he felt1 & ?is br\ght him into ceaseless conflict ) ! _w4 99 99 99 99 99 ,moreov]1 8 p]petual negation & fault-f9d+ is injuri\s ev5 to 8 excell5t works4 ,= n only does ! discont5t ( ! poet infect ! read]1 b ! end ( all opposition is negation2 & negation is no?+4 ,if ,i call bad bad1 :at d ,i ga98 ,b if ,i call good bad1 ,i d a great deal ( mis*ief4 ,he :o w "w aright mu/ nev] rail1 mu/ n tr\ble himself at all ab\t :at is ill done1 b only /rive to d well himself4 ,= ! great po9t is n to pull d[n1 b to build up1 & 9 ?is humanity f9ds pure joy4 99 99 99 99 99 ,i c\ld n make use ( any man z ! repres5tative ( ! mod]n poetical era except him1 :o und\bt$ly is to be reg>d$ z ! greate/ g5ius ( our c5tury4 ,byron is nei!r antique nor romantic1 b l ! pres5t day itself4 ,?is 0 ! sort ( man ,i requir$4 ,!n he suit$ me on acc\nt ( 8 unsatisfi$ nature & 8 w>like t5d5cy1 :i* l$ to 8 dea? at ,missolonghi4 99 99 99 99 99 ,"l ,byron is only great z a poet2 z soon z he reflects1 he is a *ild4 ,scott ,walt] ,scott's ,fair ,maid ( ,p]? is excell5t1 is x n8 ,!re is f9i%6 !re is a h&6 ,:at a firm f\ndation = ! :ole1 & 9 p>ticul> n a t\* :i* does n lead to ! goal6 ,!n1 :at details ( dialogue & description1 bo? ( :i* are excell5t4 ,8 sc5es & situations are l pictures by ,t5i]s2 9 ! arrangem5t !y %[ ! summit ( art1 ! individual figures h a speak+ tru?1 & ! execution is ext5d$ ) arti/ic love to ! m9ute/ details1 s t n a /roke is lo/4 ,y f9d ev]y:]e 9 ,walt] ,scott a rem>kable security & ?or\ghness 9 8 del9eation1 :i* proce$s f 8 compreh5sive k ( ! real _w1 obta9$ by life-long /udies & obs]vations1 & a daily discussion ( ! mo/ important relations4 ,!n come 8 great tal5t & 8 compreh5sive nature4 ,y rememb] ! ,engli% critic :o comp>es ! poets to ! voices ( s+]s1 ( :i* "s c comm& only a few f9e tones1 :ile o!rs h ! :ole compass1 f ! highe/ to ! l[e/1 completely 9 _! p[]4 ,walt] ,scott is "o ( ?is la/ sort4 ,9 ! ,fair ,maid ( ,p]? y w n f9d a s+le weak passage to make y feel z if 8 k & tal5t 7 insuffici5t4 ,he is equal to 8 subject 9 e direction 9 :i* x takes him2 ! k+1 ! royal bro!r1 ! pr9ce1 ! head ( ! cl]gy1 ! nobles1 ! magi/racy1 ! citiz5s & me*anics1 ! ,highl&]s1 are all drawn ) ! same sure h&1 & hit (f ) equal tru?4 ,! passage :]e ! pr9ce1 sitt+ on horseback1 makes ! pretty m9/rel girl /ep ^u 8 foot1 t he may raise h] up = a kiss1 is 9 ! bolde/ ,engli% /yle4 ,b y ladies are wrong always to take sides4 ,usually1 y read a book to f9d nutrition = ! he>t1 to f9d a h]o :om y c\ld love4 ,?is is n ! way to read2 ! great po9t is n :e!r ?is or t "* pleases1 b :e!r ! :ole book pleases4 ,b1 :5 y h f9i%$ ! ,fair ,maid ( ,p]?1 y mu/ at once read ,wav]ley1 :i* is writt5 f q a diff]5t po9t ( view1 b :i* may1 )\t hesitation1 be set beside ! be/ works t h ev] be5 writt5 9 ?is _w4 ,we see t x is ! same man :o wrote ! ,fair ,maid ( ,p]?1 b t he has yet to ga9 ! favor ( ! public1 & !re=e collects 8 =ces s t he may n give a t\* t is %ort ( excell5ce4 ,! ,fair ,maid ( ,p]?1 on ! o!r h&1 is f a fre] p52 ! au?or is n[ sure ( 8 public1 & he proce$s m at lib]ty4 ,aft] read+ ,wav]ley1 y w und]/& :y ,walt] ,scott /ill designates himself ! au?or ( t "w2 = !re he %[$ :at he c\ld d1 & he has nev] s9ce writt5 any?+ to surpass1 or ev5 equal1 t fir/ publi%$ novel4 99 99 99 99 99 ,walt] ,scott is a great g5ius2 he has n 8 equal2 & we ne$ n wond] at ! extraord9>y effect he produces on ! :ole read+ _w4 ,he gives me mu* to ?9k (2 & ,i discov] 9 him a :olly new art1 ) laws ( its own4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we read f> too _m poor ?+s1 ?us los+ "t1 & ga9+ no?+4 ,we %\ld only read :at we admire1 z ,i did 9 my y\?1 & z ,i n[ exp]i5ce ) ,sir ,walt] ,scott4 ,i h j begun ,rob ,roy1 & w read 8 be/ novels 9 succession4 ,all is great--mat]ial1 import1 *>act]s1 execution2 & !n :at inf9ite dilig5ce 9 ! prep>atory /udies6 :at tru? ( detail 9 ! execution6 ,we see1 too1 :at ,engli% hi/ory is2 & :at a ?+ x is :5 su* an inh]itance falls to ! lot ( a clev] poet4 ,our ,g]man hi/ory1 9 five volumes1 is1 on ! o!r h&1 %e] pov]ty4 99 99 99 99 99 ,x is a peculi>ity ( ,walt] ,scott's t 8 great tal5t 9 repres5t+ details (t5 leads him into faults4 ,?us1 9 ,ivanhoe1 !re is a sc5e :]e !y are seat$ at a table 9 a ca/le-hall at night1 & a /rang] ent]s4 ,n[1 he is q "r 9 describ+ ! /rang]'s appe>ance & dress1 b x is a fault t he goes to ! l5g? ( describ+ 8 feet1 %oes1 & /ock+s4 ,:5 we sit d[n 9 ! ev5+1 & "s "o comes 91 we see only ! upp] "p ( 8 body4 ,if ,i describe ! feet1 daylight ent]s at once1 & ! sc5e loses its nocturnal "*4 ,,footnotes3 #ac ,goe! _h be5 reproa*$ 8= n tak+ up arms 9 ! ,g]man ,w> ( ,lib]ation1 or at lea/ cop]at+ z a poet40 #ad 8,ar*itecture is music 9 space1 z x 7 a froz5 music40--,s*ell+'s ,philosophie d] ,kun/4 ,,app5dix ,i4 ,on ! ,selection & ,translation ( ! ,essays 9 ?is ,volume4 ,,ii4 ,on ! ,*ronology ( ,goe!'s ,critical ,/udies4 ,,app5dix ,i4 ,on ! ,selection & ,translation ( ! ,essays 9 ?is ,volume ,?is book 0 fir/ sugge/$ to me 9 #aiji1 & 0 virtually complet$ sev5 or eight ye>s ago2 b ! manuscript 0 mislaid among "s old pap]s1 & :5 x 0 recov]$ ! ,european ,w> 0 at its height4 ,nev] aga91 x !n seem$1 c\ld ,i reg>d my "w ) ! same dis9t]e/$ temp] 9 :i* x 0 begun1 = :at 0 recov]$ 0 no long] a manuscript b a gho/1 no long] a book b a /range _s return$ f an all too irrecov]able pa/4 ,:5 ,i re-read ^! words f ! lips ( "o :o _h sp5t 8 life 8) spirits god-l mild10 & relat$ !m to our new & alt]$ _w1 ,i und]/ood once m h[ man =ev] fa%ions hi/ory to 8 own mean+1 & h[ x has no life except su* z is giv5 to x by 8 creative m9d4 ,e ^w ,i n[ read assum$ a new & height5$ significance1 a m intimate relation ) life2 & e ^w 0 a call to sympa?y & und]/&+1--! ^w ( a man :o _h )held all hate f enemy ,france1 _h prais$ ,engl& & its lit]ature1 _h analyz$ ! defects ( 8 own c\ntrym51 & _h made con/ant d5ial ( ! compatibility ( poetry & p>tisan%ip4 ,h[ c\ld ,i approa* "w ( ?is k9d 9 ! _s ( ! fi]y national p>tisan1 n to m5tion t ( ! m]e dryasdu/ s*ol>1 :5 e ^w ,goe! utt]$ %$ light & mean+ on ! w>m life ab\t me1 & e acc5t ( 8 voice taught a high =ebe>ance8 ,s :5 on sick-leave f my regim5t at ! v end ( #aiag1 to :ile away ! t$i\sness ( convalesc5ce1 ,i play$ once m ) ! "w begun 9 ! old days :5 ,i 0 /ill able to live 9 8! wise man's only c\ntry1 ,life02 & be=e ,i sail$ = ,france1 leav+ beh9d me ! manuscript z x "h /&s1 ,i det]m9$ t if x 7 ev] publi%$1 ,i %\ld add no?+ 9 ! =m ( preface1 introduction1 or critical app>atus1 b all[ ,goe! to speak = himself to su* he>ts z c\ld he> & und]/& him4 ,"s read]s may f9d a key to t und]/&+ if !y beg9 ) ! fam\s passage on 8,poetry & ,patriotism0 on page #bea4 ,no adequate e/imate ( ,goe!'s critical "w has yet be5 a*iev$2 & ! s5sible b unillum9at+ *apt] on ?is subject 9 ! late ,calv9 ,?omas's ,goe! is n mu* m disappo9t+ ?an ! m ext5d$ /udies 9 ,g]man ( ,osk> ,walzel & ,wilhelm ,bode4 ,= a complete e/imate ( ,goe! z a critic we %\ld h to ransack all 8 essays & reviews1 8 novels & poems1 8 autobiography & 8 j\rnals1 8 lett]s & conv]sations1 = 9 all ( !m he has scatt]$ judgm5ts on books & ?\ghts on ! !ory ( art4 ,x w\ld almo/ seem z if 8 reputation z a critic re/s m securely on ^! casual utt]ances ?an on 8 =mal essays & /udies4 ,!re m ?an else:]e ,sa9te-,beuve & ,mat!w ,arnold recogniz$ 8! supreme critic02 !re above all we f9d t mell[ wisdom :i* we h come to associate ) ,goe!'s "n4 ,9 ?is little volume1 h[ev]1 we h mo/ ( ,goe!'s successive moods repres5t$ by "s *>act]i/ic utt]ance1--! "y review]1 ! lov] ( ,%akespe>e & ,go?ic art1 rebell+ aga9/ s*ools & rules b mo/ ( all aga9/ dullness & =mality2 ! contributor to ,wiel&'s ,g]man ,m]cury1 ! collaborator ( ,s*ill] 9 ! ,hor5 & 9 an ex*ange ( lett]s ( incomp>able int]e/1 aft] ! life ( ,weim> & ! j\rney to ,italy _h mell[$ 8 tal5ts2 ! /ud5t ( art & /hetics 9 ! ,propylen1 *ampion+ ! antique _s & voic+ a prote/ aga9/ ! excesses ( romanticism2 ! m ?\ghtful b /ill sympa!tic /ud5t ( ,%akespe>e1 en?usia/ic 9 ,wilhelm ,mei/]1 m temp]ate 9 ,%akespe>e ad ,inf9itum2 ! mature review]1 welcom+ ! publication ( old ,g]man & =eign folksongs1 & hail+ 9 turn ,byron1 ,manzoni1 ,c>lyle1 ,niebuhr1 & all ! "y ,fr5* & ,g]man writ]s ( 8 day2 & f9ally1 ! lit]>y dictator 9 8 old age1 z %[n 9 ! c>eless & incessant wisdom ( 8 record$ conv]sation4 ,we h "h1 x is true1 a v small "p ( 8 extraord9>y output1 b q en\gh to =m a j judgm5t ( 8 place among ! great critics4 ,9 a c>e] s ext5d$ & a m9d s active & all-embrac+ we mu/ expect to f9d inconsi/5cies & errors ( judgm5t4 ,"s ( ! ideas 9 ?is volume h only an hi/orical int]e/2 a p]v]se m9d might inde$ g>n] f x an an?ology ( critical errors4 ,x 0 n ^! :i* won = him f s _m ! title ( 8supreme critic10 b r ! sanity1 insight1 & imp>tiality ( 8 m9d & 8 extraord9>y gift = =esee+ ! direction ( critical ?\ght4 ,all ( ! selections 9 ,"p ,i1 except ! essay on 8,g]man ,ar*itecture10 h be5 tak5 f ,goe!'s ,essays on ,art1 translat$ by ,s4 ,g4 ,w>d 7,bo/on1 #ahde74 ,wilhelm ,mei/]'s critique ( ,hamlet has be5 exc]pt$ f ,c>lyle's r5d]+ ( ,wilhelm ,mei/]'s ,lehrjahre4 ,! v]sion ( ,john ,ox5=d has be5 us$ = ! selections f ! ,conv]sations ) ,eck]mann1 & ,ox5=d's v]sion1 z revis$ by ,miss ,m4 ,s4 ,smi?1 = ! selection f ,goe!'s ,autobiography4 ,! rema9+ essays 7 translat$ by ! late ,r&olph ,s4 ,b\rne1 by ,pr(essor ,f4 ,w4 ,j4 ,heus]1 & by myself4 ,i am indebt$ to ,mr4 ,b\rne = translat+ ! foll[+ essays3 8,on ,g]man ,ar*itecture10 8,%akespe>e ad ,inf9itum10 8,! ,fir/ ,edition ( ,hamlet10 8,troilus & ,cressida10 8,! ,me?ods ( ,fr5* ,criticism10 8,supplem5t to ,ari/otle's ,poetics10 8,tieck's ,dramaturgic ,fragm5ts10 8,on ! ,g]man ,!atre10 8,didactic ,poetry10 8,sup]/ition & ,poetry10 8,! ,!ory ( a ,_w ,lit]ature10 8,byron's ,manfr$10 8,byron's ,don ,juan10 8,cald]on's ,daught] ( ! ,air10 8,molire's ,misan?rope10 8,folksongs aga9 ,comm5d$10 & 8,laur5ce ,/]ne40 ,pr(essor ,heus] has translat$ ! foll[+3 8,! ,production ( a ,national ,classic10 8,epic & ,dramatic ,poetry10 & 8,engli% ,review]s40 ,i h made mat]ial *anges & corrections 9 almo/ all ! translations1 b on ! :ole ea* translator %\ld be held responsible = ! accuracy & /yle ( 8 own "w4 ,= ! selection & arrangem5t ( ! mat]ial1 & = ! titles giv5 to "s ( ! exc]pts1 ,i am alone responsible4 ,"s ( ,goe!'s judgm5ts on books1 & 8 maxims on life & art1 h already appe>$ 9 volumes ( selections 9 ,engli% translation2 b no o!r "w 9 any language1 s f> z ,i am aw>e1 attempts to include 9 a s+le volume ! :ole range ( ,goe!'s critical & /hetic /udies4 ,"s ( ! selections h nev] be=e appe>$ 9 ,engli%4 ,j4 ,e4 ,s4 ,,tr\tbeck1 ,may1 #aiai4 ,s9ce ! above 0 writt51 ,i h become greatly indebt$ to ,"l ,haldane = contribut+ ! ,=eword1 & especially to ,pr(essor ,fri$ri* ,bruns = read+ ! pro(%eets & revis+ "s ( ! translations4 ,miss ,l4 ,bon9o has prep>$ ! ,index4 ,j4 ,e4 ,s4 ,,new ,,york1 ,septemb]1 #aiba4 ,,ii4 ,on ! ,*ronology ( ,goe!'s ,critical ,/udies ,! foll[+ *ronology ( ,goe!'s critical activity is int5d$ *iefly to indicate ! orig9al s\rces ( ! selections 9 ! pres5t volume4 #aggb-gc4 ,reviews 9 ! ,frankfurt] gelehrt5 ,anzeig53 ,goe! z a ,"y ,review] 7reviews ( ,blum's ,lyris*e ,g$i*te1 & ,sulz]'s ,cymbell9e1 e9 ,trau]spiel1 na* e9em von ,%akespe>e erfundn5 ,/(fe1 bo? translat$ 9 full74 #aggc4 ,von deuts*] ,baukun/3 ,on ,g]man ,ar*itecture 7complete translation74 #aghh sq4 ,articles 9 ,wiel&'s ,teuts*] ,m]kur3 ,simple ,imitation ( ,nature1 ,mann]1 ,/yle 7b] ,itali53 ,e9fa*e ,na*ahmung d] ,natur1 ,mani]1 ,/il1 complete translation74 #agid-ahje4 ,correspond5ce ( ,goe! & ,s*ill]3 ,epic & ,dramatic ,poetry 7complete translation72 also footnote on page #ajd4 #agie-if4 ,wilhelm ,mei/]'s ,lehrjahre3 ,wilhelm ,mei/]'s ,critique ( ,hamlet4 #agie-ig4 ,articles 9 ,die ,hor53 ,! ,production ( a ,national ,classic 7,lit]>is*] ,sansculottismus1 complete translation except = f\r introductory p>agraphs74 #agih-ahjj4 ,articles 9 ,die ,propylen3 ,introduction to ! ,propyla4 ,on ,laocoon 7complete translation74 ,on ,tru? & ,probability 9 ,works ( ,art 7complete translation74 ,! ,collector & 8 ,fri5ds4 ,notes on ,dillettantism4 7,by ,goe! & ,s*ill]74 #ahjd sq4 ,reviews 9 ! ,j5ais*e ,allgeme9e ,lit]aturzeitung3 ,old ,g]man ,folksongs 7review ( ,des ,knab5 ,wund]horn1 translat$ 9 full except t only a few ( ,goe!'s *>act]izations ( individual poems are includ$74 #ahaa-ad4 ,di*tung und ,wahrheit 7,autobiography73 ,g]man ,lit]ature 9 ,goe!'s ,y\? 7select$ passages f "p ii1 book #g72 also footnote on page #ad 7f "p ii1 book #aj74 #ahae sq4 ,articles 9 ! ,morg5blatt fr gebildete ,/nde3 ,%akespe>e ad ,inf9itum1 p>ts i-ii1 writt5 #ahac 7,%akespe>e und ke9 ,ende1 complete translation74 ,on ! ,g]man ,!atre 7complete translation74 #ahaf-cb4 ,articles 9 b] ,kun/ und ,alt]?um3 ,anci5t & ,mod]n4 ,! ,!ory ( a ,_w ,lit]ature1 "p i 7review ( ,duval's ,le ,tasse71 "p ii 7,bezge na* ,auss51 complete translation71 "p iii 7,ed9burgh ,reviews71 "p v 7review ( ,c>lyle's ,leb5 ,s*ill]s74 ,supplem5t to ,ari/otle's ,poetics 7complete translation74 ,on ,didactic ,poetry 7complete translation74 ,sup]/ition & ,poetry 7,ju/us ,ms]74 ,! ,me?ods ( ,fr5* ,critics 7,urteilsworte franzsis*] ,kritik]1 complete translation74 ,on ,criticism1 #a 7review ( ,manzoni's ,c>magnola71 #c 7review ( ,ro*litz's ,fr ,freunde d] ,tonkun/74 ,! ,fir/ ,edition ( ,hamlet 7complete translation74 ,byron's ,manfr$ 7complete translation74 ,byron's ,don ,juan 7complete translation74 ,cald]on's ,daught] ( ! ,air 7complete translation74 ,molire's ,misan?rope 7review ( ,tas*]eau's ,hi/oire de la ,vie et des ,ouvrages de ,molire1 complete translation74 ,%akespe>e ad ,inf9itum1 "p iii1 writt5 #ahaf1 publi%$ #ahbf 7complete translation74 ,folksongs aga9 ,comm5d$ 7complete translation74 ,laur5ce ,/]ne 7complete translation74 ,! ,engli% ,review]s 7review ( ,manzoni's ,c>magnola74 #ahbb-cb4 ,gespr*e mit ,goe! 9 d5 letzt5 ,jahr5 se9es ,leb5s1 by ,j4 ,p4 ,eck]mann 7publi%$ #ahcf-dh73 ,extracts f ,goe!'s ,conv]sations ) ,eck]mann4 ,po/hum\s ,works 7,na*gelass5e ,w]ke1 #ahcc73 ,tieck's ,dramaturgic ,fragm5ts 7complete translation74 ,troilus & ,cressida 7b] die ,p>odie bei d5 ,alt574 ,,index ,,index ,anacreon1 #bci4 ,ari/otle1 #ajd sq4 ,arnault1 ,anto9e ,v9c5t1 #beh4 ,arnim1 ,a*im von1 #bac sq4 ,blmn]1 ,he9ri*1 #ahd4 ,blum1 ,j4 ,c41 #aii sq4 ,blumau]1 ,alois1 #bjf4 ,bodm]1 ,johann ,jakob1 #bcc1 #bci4 ,breit+]1 ,johann ,jakob1 #bca1 #bcc4 ,br5tano1 ,clem5s1 #bac sq4 ,brg]1 ,gottfri$ ,augu/1 #gd1 #bfb4 ,burns1 ,rob]t1 #bfb4 ,byron1 #bjb sq41 #bfc1 #bfh1 #bgj1 #bgf1 #bgi1 #bhc sq4 ,cald]on1 #bjh sq41 #bea1 #bfi1 #bgc1 #bgf4 ,c>lyle1 ,?omas1 #bfg sq41 #bic4 ,*>act]i/ic art1 #aa1 #cg4 ,*9ese lit]ature1 #bdi4 ,*od[iecki1 ,daniel ,nicolaus1 #fg4 ,claudius1 ,mat?ias1 #gd4 ,c\s91 ,victor1 #ig4 ,criticism1 !ory (1 #acd1 #adj1 #bbd1 #bcj1 #bgf1 #bhc4 ,did]ot1 ,d5ys1 #ach4 ,drama1 & ,!atre1 #ej1 #ge1 #gi1 #ajj1 #ajd1 #aji1 #abf1 #aeh1 #agj1 #agi1 #ahd1 #aij1 #bfh sq4 ,dr]1 ,albre*t1 #ac4 ,erw9 von ,/e9ba*1 #c1 #g1 #aj1 #ab4 ,fabroni1 ,angelo1 #dj4 ,folksongs1 #bac1 #bbj1 #bfg4 ,fr$]ick ! ,great1 #bda4 ,frn/e91 ,anton1 #bei4 ,gell]t1 ,*ri/ian ,fr*tegott1 #bcb4 ,gessn]1 ,salomon1 #gd1 #bci4 ,gleim1 ,johann ,wilhelm ,ludwig1 #bcf1 #bdb1 #bdd4 ,goldsmi?1 ,oliv]1 #bef4 ,gotts*$1 ,johann ,*ri/oph1 #bcj sq41 #bci sq4 ,gozzi1 ,c\nt ,c>lo1 #bgb4 ,gries1 ,johann ,dietri*1 #baj4 ,grimm1 ,fri$ri* ,mel*ior1 ,b>on von1 #ach sq4 ,guizot1 ,franois ,pi]re ,guillaume1 #ig4 ,gn!r1 ,johann ,*ri/ian1 #bcd4 ,hall]1 ,albre*t von1 #bce4 ,hamann1 ,johann ,georg1 #ad4 ,h&el1 ,georg ,fri$ri*1 #ajg4 ,h]d]1 ,johann ,gottfri$ von1 #ad1 #bfb4 ,hirt1 ,alois1 #cf4 ,hom]1 #aj1 #bdj4 ,horace1 #acf1 #aii sq41 #bca1 #bci sq4 ,hugo1 ,victor1 #bgi sq4 ,humboldt1 ,k>l ,wilhelm1 ,b>on von1 #beg4 ,huysum1 ,jan van1 #fb4 ,iffl&1 ,augu/ ,wilhelm1 #aac4 ,johnson1 ,samuel1 #bja4 ,kant1 ,immanuel1 #beg4 ,klei/1 ,ewald ,*ri/ian von1 #bdj sq4 ,klei/1 ,he9ri* von1 #abf4 ,klop/ock1 ,fri$ri* ,gottlieb1 #gd1 #aab1 #bcf1 #bdd4 ,knig1 ,johann ,ulri* von1 #bcc sq4 ,krn]1 ,!odor1 #bea4 ,laocoon1 #bb1 #bd sq41 #cc sq41 #ci1 #db4 ,laugi]1 ,m>c ,anto9e1 #ad4 ,leon>do da ,v9ci1 #fh1 #bef4 ,less+1 #ch1 #aab1 #bcb1 #bcf1 #bdd1 #beg1 #bfi4 ,li*t5b]g1 ,georg ,*ri/oph1 #bjf4 ,li*tw]1 ,m4 ,g41 #bcb4 ,lisc[1 ,*ri/ian ,ludwig1 #bbh4 ,l[ell1 ,james ,russell1 #agi4 ,mann]i/s1 #cf1 #fd1 #fg4 ,manzoni1 ,aless&ro1 #bje1 #bec1 #bfh4 ,mat?isson1 ,fri$ri* von1 #bej4 ,m5&]1 #bge4 ,mrime1 ,prosp]1 #bgh sq4 ,mi*elangelo1 #fh4 ,milton1 #bdj4 ,molire1 #bab1 #bfi1 #bgb sq4 ,napoleon1 #beb4 ,nicolai1 ,*ri/oph ,fri$ri*1 #bja4 ,niebuhr1 ,b4 ,g41 #bic4 ,novel1 !1 #agj4 ,oes]1 ,adam ,fri$ri*1 #bcg4 ,orig9ality1 #bee4 ,p]ug9o1 #fh4 ,p9d>1 #bdj4 ,plato1 #bef4 ,pope1 ,alex&]1 #bci1 #bhd4 ,rab5]1 ,gottlieb ,wilhelm1 #bbh sq4 ,raml]1 ,k>l ,wilhelm1 #bce sq41 #bdb4 ,raphael1 #fh4 ,ri*>dson1 ,samuel1 #bdi4 ,romanticism1 #agi1 #bfc1 #bgg4 ,rub5s1 #fi4 ,ruys*1 ,ra*el1 #fb4 ,s*ell+1 ,fri$ri* ,wilhelm ,joseph von1 #bfg4 ,s*ill]1 #ch1 #ajj1 #ajd1 #aji sq41 #aae sq41 #aai sq41 #abi1 #ahd1 #aia1 #bee1 #beg1 #bfd sq41 #bfh1 #bgb sq41 #bhb sq41 #bib4 ,s*legel1 ,augu/ ,wilhelm von1 #beg1 #bfi1 #bgf sq4 ,s*legel1 ,fri$ri* von1 #beg1 #bfi4 ,s*legel1 ,johann ,elias1 #bci4 ,s*ro$]1 ,fri$ri* ,ludwig1 #abd1 #ahh sq4 ,s*ub>?1 ,k>l ,ern/1 #fe4 ,scott1 ,sir ,walt]1 #bhf sq4 ,seyl]9 7i4e41 ,sophie ,fri$rike ,seyl]71 #aah4 ,%akespe>e1 #fe sq41 #abd1 #abg1 #acf1 #ade sq41 #aga sq41 #aha sq41 #bjj sq41 #bjd1 #bji sq41 #bbe1 #bch1 #bed1 #bef1 #bfh sq41 #bgb1 #bge1 #bhd4 ,/eev5s1 ,george1 #aic4 ,/]ne1 ,laur5ce1 #bbb1 #bef4 ,/yle1 #fa1 #bfe4 ,sulz]1 ,j4 ,g41 #bjj sq4 ,tas*]eau1 ,j41 #bab4 ,!atre1 see ,drama4 ,?omson1 ,james1 #beb4 ,tieck1 ,ludwig1 #abf sq4 ,uv>(f1 ,c\nt1 #acg4 ,villema91 ,abel ,franois1 #ig4 ,virgil1 #cd sq41 #bdj4 ,voss1 ,johann ,he9ri*1 #bfb4 ,wiel&1 ,*ri/oph ,m>t91 #gd1 #hf1 #afd1 #bcf sq41 #bib4 ,w9ckelmann1 ,johann ,joa*im1 #ch1 #beg4 ,_w ,lit]ature1 #hi sq41 #bfg4 99 99 99 99 99 ,transcrib]'s note ,italics 9 *apt] head+s & spell+ ( title ( works 7 /&>diz$4 ,hyph5ation 0 /&>diz$ :]e appropriate4 ,page numb] ref]5ces 9 ! index are z publi%$ 9 ! orig9al publication & h n be5 *eck$ = accuracy 9 ?is e,book4 ,spell+ 0 reta9$ z 9 ! orig9al except = ! foll[+ *anges3 ,page vii3 8,tieck's ,dramaturgic0 8,ludwig ,tieck's ,dramaturgic0 ,page viii3 8,subject-matt] ( ,poetry0 8,subject-,matt] ( ,poetry0 ,page #cf3 8) my possessessions0 8) my possessions0 ,page #hi3 8its ae/hetic & e?ical0 8its /hetic & e?ical0 ,page #aff3 8,^! s approa*es0 8,^! s(t approa*es0 ,page #bjj3 8,cymbell9e1 a ,trageay0 8,cymbell9e1 a ,trag$y0 ,page #bjg3 8art ( poety ev]0 8art ( poetry ev]0 ,page #bdd3 8& ! /ubborness0 8& ! /ubbornness0 ,page #bee3 8made _m di/i*es0 8made _m di/i*s0 ,page #bia3 8( ! compatability0 8( ! compatibility0 ,page #bib3 8else:]e ,sa9te-,beauve0 8else:]e ,sa9te-,beuve0 ,page #big3 87complete translalation0 87complete translation0