,,affirmations4 ,,affirmations ,,by ,,havelock ,,ellis ,,london3 ,,walt] ,,scott1 ,,limit$ ,,pat]no/] ,,squ>e #ahih ,,preface4 ,,!re are at lea/ two ways ( look+ at books & at ! p]sonalities books express4 ,9 its *ief b r>] aspect lit]ature is ! m$ium ( art1 & z su* c raise no e?ical problems4 ,:atev] morality or immorality art may hold is quiesc5t1 or lift$ into an atmosph]e ( radiant immortality :]e que/ion+ is irrelevant4 ,( ! lit]ature t is all art we ne$ n ev5 speak1 unless by *ance we too approa* x z arti/s1 try+ to grasp x by imag9ative insight4 ,9 lit]ature1 z else:]e1 art %\ld only be approa*$ z we w\ld approa* ,p>adise1 = ! sake ( its joy4 ,x w\ld be well1 inde$1 if we c\ld de/roy or =get all t has ev] be5 writt5 ab\t ! _w's great books1 ev5 if x 7 once wor? :ile to write ^? books ab\t books4 ,h[ happy1 = in/ance1 ! _w might be if !re 7 no lit]ature ab\t ! ,bible1 if ,augu/9e & ,aqu9as & ,calv9 & ?\s&s ( small] m5 _h n danc$ on x s long1 /amp+ e page ( x into mire1 t n[ ! vision ( a s+le l9e1 9 its simple s5se1 is almo/ an ef=t ( inspiration4 ,all my life long ,i h be5 ca/+ away ! k ,i h ga9$ f books ab\t lit]ature1 & f op9ions ab\t life1 & com+ to lit]ature itself or to life itself1 a sl[ & pa9ful progress t[>ds t ,heav5 ( k :]e a *ild is k+4 ,b !re is ano!r k9d ( lit]ature1 a lit]ature :i* is n all art--! lit]ature ( life4 ,lit]ature diff]s f design or music by be+ clos] to life1 by be+ fundam5tally n an art at all1 b m]ely ! developm5t ( ord9>y spee*1 only ris+ at int]vals into ! region ( art4 ,x is s close to life t l>gely x comes be=e u mu* z ! actual facts ( life come be=e u4 ,s t :ile we 7 be/ sil5t ab\t ! lit]ature ( art1 sanctifi$ by "t & ! rev]5ce ( _m m51 we _c "q too ke5ly ! lit]ature ( life4 ,9 ?is book ,i deal ) que/ions ( life z !y are express$ 9 lit]ature1 or z !y are sugge/$ by lit]ature4 ,?r\gh\t ,i am discuss+ morality z reveal$ or disguis$ by lit]ature4 ,i may n c>e1 inde$1 to p]v]t my subjects 9 ord] to emphasise my op9ions1 b ,i frankly take my subjects *iefly on ^? sides :i* suit my own pleasure1 & ,i select !m solely because !y d t s well4 ,i use !m z ! anci5t device ( ! /alk+-horse 0 us$1 to creep up m closely to ! game t my s\l loves be/4 ,s f> z possible ,i dwell mo/ on ^? aspects ( my subjects :i* are mo/ que/ionable4 ,x 0 once br\ght aga9/ me t ,i _h a pr$ilection = su* aspects4 ,assur$ly x is s4 ,if a subject is n que/ionable x seems to me a wa/e ( "t to discuss x4 ,! great facts ( ! _w are n que/ionable2 !y are !re = u to enjoy1 or to suff]1 9 sil5ce1 n to talk ab\t4 ,our be/ en]gies %\ld be sp5t 9 attack+ & settl+ que/ionable ?+s t s we may enl>ge ! sph]e ( ! unque/ionable--! sph]e ( real life--& be ready to meet new que/ions z !y arise4 ,x is only by deal+ ) ! que/ionable aspects ( ! _w t criticism ( life c ev] h any sav+ virtue = u4 ,x is wa/e ( life to use lit]ature = paw+ ov] ! unque/ionable4 ,ev5 a heal?y dog1 hav+ once asc]ta9$ ! ess5tial virtue ( a bone1 cont5t$ly eats x1 or buries x4 ,& yet1 x may well be1 !re is a "t = affirm+ ! simple et]nal facts ( life1 a "t1 ev51 :5 ^? simple et]nal facts h drift$ s f> f u t we c\nt !m also que/ionable4 ,! pres5t mom5t has seem$ to me a fitt+ "o to set a few su* affirmations 9 ord]4 ,! c5tury n[ ne>ly ov] has p]=m$ _m dirty & labori\s tasks2 x has _h to organise its own unwield9ess1 to cleanse its ,augean /ables ( ! fil? x has itself deposit$1 to pull d[n ! build+s x has itself erect$4 ,:5 we witness su* "w c>ri$ out--blund]+ly1 x may be1 b yet1 we ?\ght1 humbly--we may well po9t out :at spl5did fell[s ^! mode/1 begrim$ toil]s really 71 :at useful & noble "w !y 7 engag$ 91 h[ l>ge a promise !y be> = ! future4 ,t 0 my own po9t ( view4 ,b ! case is alt]$ :5 ^! yet unwa%$ toil]s rise up ar\nd u 9 half-intoxicat$ jubilation ov] ! triumphs ( _! own little epo*1 well assur$ t !re nev] 0 su* an age or su* a race s9ce ! _w began4 ,!n we may well pause4 ,x is "t to recall ! simple et]nal facts ( life4 ,x is "t to affirm ! exi/5ce ( ^? v]ities :i* are wr\ght into our v /ructure ev]y:]e & always1 & 9 ! face ( :i* ! paltry triumphs ( an 8era0 fall back into insignificance4 ,yet e man mu/ make 8 own affirmations4 ,! great que/ions ( life are immortal1 only because no "o c answ] !m = 8 fell[s4 ,i claim no g5]al validity = my affirmations4 ,x has be5 well said t c]ta9 books possess a value t is 9 ! ratio ( ! spiritual vig\r ( ^? :o use !m1 act+ z a tonic to ! /rong1 /ill fur!r dissolv+ & enfeebl+ ! weakness ( ! weak4 ,x w\ld be presumpti\s to claim any pot5t & peculi> en]gy = ?is book2 b ! obs]vation is "o :i* a read] may d well always to be> 9 m9d4 ,! f9al value ( any book is n 9 ! beliefs :i* x may give u or take away f u1 b 9 its p[] to reveal to u our own real selves4 ,if ,i c /imulate any "o 9 ! se>* = 8 own prop] affirmations1 he & ,i may well re/ cont5t4 ,he is welcome to ca/ aside m9e z ! idle conclusions ( a dream] ly+ 9 ! sun%9e4 ,our own affirmations are always ! be/4 ,let u b be sure t !y are our own1 t !y h gr[n up sl[ly & quietly1 f$ ) ! /r5g? ( our own blood & bra94 ,only ) ! help ( su* affirmations c we f9d a /aff to com=t u ?r\gh ! valley ( life4 ,x is only :5 !y utt] affirmations1 "o has said1 t ! w&s ( ! angels blossom4 ,h4 ,e4 ,augu/ #ahig4 ,,cont5ts4 ,,page ,,nietzs*e #a ,,casanova #hf ,,zola #aca ,,huysmans #aeh ,,/4 ,,francis ,,& ,,o!rs #bab ,,affirmations4 ,,nietzs*e4 ,,= "s ye>s ! "n ( ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e has be5 ! w>-cry ( oppos+ factions 9 ,g]many4 ,x is n easy to take up a ,g]man p]iodical )\t f9d+ "s trace ( ! passionate admiration or d5unciation :i* ?is man has call$ =?4 ,if we turn to ,sc&9avia or to ,france1 :i!r 8 fame & 8 "w are also p5etrat+1 we f9d t ! same results h foll[$4 ,& we may expect a simil> outbur/ 9 ,engl& n[ t ! translation ( 8 works has at la/ begun4 ,at pres5t1 h[ev]1 ,i "k ( no attempt to deal ) ,nietzs*e f ! ,briti% po9t ( view1 & t is my excuse = try+ to def9e 8 p]sonality & influ5ce4#a ,i d n come =w>d z ! *ampion ( ,nietzs*ianism or ( ,anti-,nietzs*ianism4 ,x appe>s to me t any human individuality t has /rongly ar\s$ ! love & hatr$ ( m5 mu/ be f> too complex = absolute condemnation or absolute approval4 ,ap>t f praise or blame1 :i* seem "h alike imp]t95t1 ,nietzs*e is )\t d\bt an extraord9>ily int]e/+ figure4 ,he is ! mod]n inc>nation ( t image ( intellectual pride :i* ,m>l[e creat$ 9 ,fau/us4 ,a man :o has c]ta9ly /ood at ! f9e/ summit ( mod]n culture1 :o has !nce made ! mo/ det]m9$ ef=t ev] made to de/roy mod]n morals1 & :o n[ leads a life z ne> to dea? z any life outside ! grave c be1 mu/ ne$s be a tragic figure4 ,x is a figure full ( significance1 = x repres5ts "o ( ! greate/ spiritual =ces :i* h appe>$ s9ce ,goe!1 full ( int]e/ also to ! psy*ologi/1 & surely n )\t its pa?os1 p]haps its horror1 = ! man 9 ! /reet4 ,i4 ,x has only lately become possible to /udy ,nietzs*e's life-hi/ory4 ,= a consid]able p]iod ! ,nietzs*e-,ar*iv at ,naumburg & ,weim> has be5 accumulat+ copi\s mat]ials :i* h n[ be5 utilis$ by ,nietzs*e's si/]1 ,elizabe? ,fr/]-,nietzs*e1 9 ! production ( an au?oritative biography4 ,?is si/] is h]self a rem>kable p]son2 = _m ye>s %e liv$ 9 close association ) h] bro!r1 s t %e 0 suppos$1 ?\gh )\t reason1 to h ex]t$ an influ5ce ov] 8 ?\ght2 !n %e m>ri$ ,dr4 ,fr/]1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,new ,g]many colony 9 ,p>aguay2 on 8 dea? %e return$ home to write ! hi/ory ( ! colony1 & has s9ce devot$ h]self to ! c>e ( h] bro!r & 8 fame4 ,only ! fir/ two volumes ( ! ,leb5 ,nietzs*e's h yet appe>$1 b !y enable u to trace 8 developm5t to 8 dep>ture f ,basel1 & ?r[ light on 8 :ole c>e]4 ,nietzs*e belong$1 accord+ to ! ance/ral tradition 7?\gh ! "n1 ,i am told1 is a common "o 9 ,w5di% ,silesia71 to a noble ,poli% family call$ ,nietzky1 :o on acc\nt ( /rong ,prote/ant convictions ab&on$ _! c\ntry & _! title dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury & settl$ 9 ,g]many4 ,not)/&+ ! l>ge am\nt ( ,g]man blood 9 8 ve9s1 he always reg>d$ himself z ess5tially a ,pole4 ,! ,poles seem$ to him ! be/ end[$ & mo/ knightly ( ,sclavonic peoples1 & he once rem>k$ t x 0 only by virtue ( a /rong mixture ( ,sclavonic blood t ! ,g]mans ent]$ ! ranks ( gift$ nations4 ,he t]m$ ! ,poli% ,*op9 ! deliv]] ( music f ,g]man heav9ess & /upidity1 & :5 he speaks ( ano!r ,pole1 ,cop]nicus1 :o rev]s$ ! judgm5t ( ! :ole _w1 "o may div9e a ref]5ce to :at 9 lat] ye>s ,nietzs*e reg>d$ z 8 own mission4 ,9 adult life ,nietzs*e's ke5 & /rongly m>k$ features 7 di/9ctly ,poli%1 & :5 abroad he 0 frequ5tly greet$ by ,poles z a fell[-c\ntryman2 at ,sorr5to1 :]e he once sp5t a w9t]1 ! c\ntry p call$ him ,il ,polacco4 ,l ,em]son 7to ^: writ+s he 0 /rongly attract$ ?r\gh\t life7 & _m ano!r /r5u\s philosophic revolution>y1 ,nietzs*e came ( a long race ( ,*ri/ian m9i/]s4 ,on bo? sides 8 ance/ors 7 prea*]s1 & f fir/ to la/ ! prea*]'s f]v\r 0 9 8 own blood4 ,! elde/ ( ?ree *ildr5 7( :om "o di$ 9 infancy71 ,fri$ri* ,nietzs*e 0 born 9 #ahdd at ,rck51 ne> ,ltz51 9 ,saxony4 ,8 fa!r--:o %ortly aft] 8 son's bir? fell d[n ! p>sonage /eps1 injur+ 8 head s sev]ely t he di$ )9 twelve mon?s--is describ$ z a man ( noble & poetic nature1 ) a special tal5t = music1 inh]it$ by 8 son2 ?\gh once describ$ by 8 son z 8a t5d]1 lovable1 morbid man10 he belong$ to a l>ge & v heal?y family1 :o mo/ly liv$ to an extreme old age1 pres]v+ _! m5tal & physical vig\r to ! la/4 ,! ,nietzs*es 7 a pr\d1 s9c]e folk1 v clanni%1 look+ askance at all :o 7 n ,nietzs*es4 ,nietzs*e's "m1 said to be a *>m+ woman & possess$ ( mu* physical vig\r1 0 aga9 a cl]gyman's daught]4 ,! ,oehl] family1 to :i* %e belong$1 0 also v l>ge1 v heal?y1 & v long-liv$2 %e 0 only eighte5 at h] son's bir?1 & is /ill alive to c>e = him 9 8 complete m5tal decay4 ,i note ^! facts1 :i* are giv5 ) mu* precision & detail 9 ! biography1 because !y c]ta9ly help u to und]/& ,nietzs*e4 ,x is evid5t t he is no frail hectic flame ( a deg5]at+ race4 ,!re seems to be no trace ( insanity or n]v\s disord] at any po9t 9 ! family hi/ory1 z f> back z x is possible to g4 ,on ! contr>y1 he belong$ to extremely vigor\s /ocks1 possess+ unusual moral & physical =ce1 p ( 8"*40 ,a simil> condition ( ?+s is n seldom f\nd 9 ! hi/ory ( g5ius4 ,9 su* a case ! ma*9e is1 z x 71 too highly *>g$ ) inh]it$ en]gy1 & works at a pressure :i* ultimately br+s x to p]dition4 ,all g5ius mu/ "w )\t re/1 x _c d o!rwise2 only ! mo/ happily con/itut$ g5ius works )\t ha/e4 ,! si/]'s acc\nt ( ! *ildr5's e>ly life is a v *>m+ "p ( ?is record1 & "o :i* 9 ! nature ( ?+s r>ely f9ds place 9 a biography4 ,%e describes h] fir/ memories ( ! boy's pretty face1 8 long fair hair1 & l>ge1 d>k1 s]i\s eyes4 ,he c\ld n speak until he 0 ne>ly ?ree ye>s old1 b at f\r he began to read & write4 ,he 0 a quiet1 r ob/9ate *ild1 ) fits ( passion :i* he le>nt to control at a v e>ly age2 8 self-control became s great t1 z a boy1 on m ?an "o occasion he delib]ately burnt 8 h&1 to %[ t ,mucius ,scvola's act 0 b a trifl+ matt]4 ,! wid[$ "m w5t ) h] *ildr5 to settle at ,naumburg on ! ,saale ) h] husb&'s "m1 a woman ( f9e "* ) views ( h] own1 "o ( :i* 0 t *ildr5 ( all classes %\ld fir/ be br\ght up toge!r4 ,little ,fritz 0 !re=e s5t to ! t[n s*ool1 b ! exp]im5t 0 n altoge!r successful4 ,he 0 a s]i\s *ild1 fond ( solitude1 & 0 call$ 8! little p>son0 by 8 comrades4 8,! fundam5tal note ( 8 disposition10 writes a s*oolfell[ 9 aft]-life1 80 a c]ta9 melan*oly :i* express$ itself 9 8 :ole be+40 ,he avoid$ 8 fell[s & s\ght beautiful sc5]y1 z he cont9u$ to d ?r\gh\t life4 ,at ! same "t he 0 a well-develop$1 vigor\s boy1 :o lov$ games ( v>i\s k9ds1 especially ^? ( 8 own inv5tion4 ,b al?\gh ! *ildr5 liv$ to ! full ! fanta/ic life ( *ildhood1 ! si/] regretfully confesses t !y rema9$ models ( propriety4 ,fritz 0 8a v pi\s *ild2 he ?\ght mu* ab\t religi\s matt]s1 & 0 always conc]n$ to put 8 ?\ghts into practice40 ,x is curi\s t1 not)/&+ 8 in/9ctive sympa?y ) ! ,greek _s & 8 philological aptitudes1 he f\nd ,greek specially difficult to le>n4 ,at ! age ( t5 appe>$ 8 ta/e = v]se-mak+1 & also = music1 & he soon began to %[ t inh]it$ gift = improvisation by :i* he 0 always able to hold 8 audi5ce spellb\nd4 ,ev5 z a boy ! future morali/ made a deep impression on ^? :o knew him1 & he rem9d$ "o p]son ( ! y\?ful ,jesus 9 ! ,temple4 8,we ,nietzs*es hate lies10 an aunt 0 accu/om$ to say2 9 ,fri$ri* s9c]ity 0 a v deep-root$ trait1 & he ex]cis$ an involunt>y educational influ5ce on ^? :o came ne> him4 ,9 #aheh a place 0 f\nd = him at ,p=ta1 a rem>kable s*ool ( almo/ milit>y discipl9e4 ,"h _m ( ! l9es ( 8 future activity 7 def9itely laid d[n4 ,at an ev5 e>li] date1 excit$ by ! influ5ce ( ,humboldt1 he _h be5 fasc9at$ by ! ideal ( univ]sal culture1 & at ,p=ta 8 intellectual en]gies began to exp&4 ,"h also1 9 #ahei1 :5 a pian(orte edition ( ,tri/an 0 fir/ publi%$1 ,nietzs*e became an en?usia/ic ,wagn]ian1 & ev5 to ! la/ ,tri/an rema9$ = him 8music p> excell5ce40 ,"h1 too1 he began ^? philological /udies :i* l$ "s ye>s lat] to a pr(essor%ip4 ,he turn$ to philology1 h[ev]1 z he himself recognis$1 because ( ! ne$ he felt to an*or himself to "s cool logical /udy :i* w\ld n grip 8 he>t l ! re/less & excit+ arti/ic in/9cts :i* _h hi!rto *iefly mov$ him4 ,dur+ ! latt] "p ( 8 /ay at ?is v /r5u\s educational e/abli%m5t "y ,nietzs*e 0 a less brilliant pupil ?an dur+ ! e>li] "p4 ,8 own individuality 0 sil5tly gr[+ b5ea? ! discipl9>y pressure :i* w\ld h dw>f$ a less vigor\s individuality4 ,8 philosophic aptitudes began to develop & take =m2 he wi%$ also to devote himself to music2 & he p9$ at ! conf9em5t1 long+ = ! =e/ & ! woodman's axe4 ,x 0 ! beg9n+ ( a long /ruggle betwe5 ! impulses ( 8 own self-c5tr$ nature & ! duties impos$ f )\t1 by ! s*ool1 ! univ]sity1 &1 lat]1 8 pr(essor%ip2 he always /rove to broad5 & deep5 ^! duties to ! scope ( 8 own nature1 b ! /ruggle rema9$4 ,x 0 ! imm$iate result ( ?is d\ble /ra9 t1 dur+ #ahfb1 /rong & heal?y z ! y\? appe>$1 he began to suff] f heada*es & eye-tr\bles1 cur$ by tempor>y removal f ! s*ool4 ,he rema9$ extremely %ort-sight$1 & x 0 only by an absurd error 9 ! r\t9e exam9ation t1 "s ye>s lat]1 he 0 pass$ = milit>y s]vice 9 ! artill]y4 ,9 ! foll[+ ye>1 #ahfc1 ,nietzs*e met a s*oolfell['s si/]1 an e!real little ,b]l9 girl1 :o = a :ile appeal$ to 8! l>ge1 broad-%\ld]$1 %y1 r solemn & /iff y\?40 ,to ?is e>ly exp]i5ce1 :i* nev] w5t beyond poetic ,s*wrm]ei1 8 si/] is incl9$ to trace ! orig9 ( ,nietzs*e's view ( wom5 z v fragile1 t5d] little buds4 ,! exp]i5ce is also int]e/+ because x appe>s to /& alone 9 8 life4 ,we /rike "h on an organic abnormality 9 ?is cong5ital philosoph]4 ,nietzs*e's attitude 0 n ! crude misogyny ( ,s*op5hau]1 :o knew wom5 *iefly z wom5 ( ! /reets4 ,nietzs*e knew _m ( ! f9e/ wom5 ( 8 "t1 & he sometimes speaks ) insight & sympa?y ( ! _w z x appe>s to wom52 b !re 0 cle>ly no?+ 9 him to answ] to any appeal to passion1 & 8 attitude is well summ$ up 9 an aphorism ( 8 own ,z>a?u/ra3 8,x is bett] to fall into ! h&s ( a murd]] ?an into ! dreams ( an ard5t woman40 8,all 8 life long10 8 si/] writes1 8my bro!r rema9$ completely ap>t f ei!r great passion or vulg> pleasure4 ,8 :ole passion lay 9 ! _w ( k2 only v temp]ate emotions rema9$ ov] = any?+ else4 ,9 lat] life he 0 griev$ t he _h nev] atta9$ to am\r passion1 & t e incl9ation to a fem99e p]sonality quickly *ang$ to a t5d] fri5d%ip1 h[ev] fasc9at+ly pretty ! fair "o might be40 ,he w\ld exp5d mu* sympa?y on unhappy lov]s1 yet he w\ld %ake 8 head1 say+ to himself or o!rs3 8,& all t ov] a little girl60 ,"y ,nietzs*e left ,p=ta1 9 #ahfc1 ) ! mo/ v>i\s & incompatible sci5tific ta/es & int]e/s 7always except+ 9 ma!matics1 = :i* he nev] possess$ any aptitude71 b1 z he himself rem>k$1 none t w\ld fit him = any c>e]4 ,"o po9t 9 reg>d to ! t]m9ation ( 8 s*ool-life is notewor?y3 he *ose ,!ognis z ! subject ( 8 val$ictory diss]tation4 ,8 m$itations on ?is morali/ & ari/ocrat1 s contemptu\s ( popul> rule1 may h s]v$ z ! />t+-po9t ( "s ( 8 own lat] views on ,greek culture4 ,9 #ahfd he became a /ud5t at ,bonn1 & ! ye> t foll[$ 0 ( special import 9 8 inn] developm5t2 he f9ally ?rew (f ! beliefs ( 8 e>ly y\?2 he discov]$ 8 ke5 critical faculty2 & self-conta9$ indep5d5ce became a visible m>k ( 8 "*1 ?\gh always disguis$ by amiable & c\rte\s mann]s4 ,at ,bonn 8 life seems to h be5 fairly happy1 ?\gh he 0 by no means a typical ,g]man /ud5t4 ,he sp5t mu* money1 b x 0 *iefly on 8 arti/ic ta/es--music & ! !atre--or on little t\rs4 ,no "o c\ld sp5d less on eat+ & dr9k+2 l ,goe! & l ,he9e1 he _h no love = tobacco or = be]1 & he 0 repell$ by ! ?ick1 be]y good-hum\r ( ! ,g]man /ud5t4 ,p :o dr9k be] & smoke pipes e ev5+1 he always held1 7 incapable ( und]/&+ 8 philosophy2 = !y c\ld n possibly possess ! cl>ity ( m9d ne$$ to grasp any delicate or complex intellectual problem4 ,he return$ home f ,bonn 8a picture ( heal? & /r5g?1 broad-%\ld]$1 br[n1 ) r fair ?ick hair1 & exactly ! same height z ,goe!20 & !n w5t to cont9ue 8 /udies at ,leipzig4 ,not)/&+ ! y\?'s ef=ts to subdue 8 emotional & /hetic re/lessness by cool & h>d "w1 he 0 cle>ly tortur$ by ! ef=t to f9d a philosophic home = himself 9 ! _w4 ,?is ef=t absorb$ him all day long1 frequ5tly ne>ly all ! night4 ,at ?is "t he *anc$ to take up on a book/all a totally unkn[n "w1 entitl$ ,d] ,welt als ,wille und ,vor/ellung2 9 ob$i5ce to an unusual impulse he b\ght ! book )\t consid]ation1 & f t mom5t began an acqua9tance ) ,s*op5hau] :i* = _m ye>s ex]t$ a deep influ5ce on 8 life4 ,at t "t1 probably1 he c\ld h _h no bett] guide into pa?s ( peace2 b ev5 z a /ud5t he 0 a ke5 critic ( ,s*op5hau]'s sy/em1 valu+ him *iefly z1 9 opposition to ,kant1 8! philosoph] ( a re-awak5$ classical p]iod1 a ,g]manis$ ,hell5ism40 ,s*umann's music & long solit>y walks aid$ 9 ! "w ( recup]ation4 ,a ye> or two lat] ,nietzs*e met ! o!r great god :o %>$ ) ,s*op5hau] 8 e>ly wor%ip4 8,i _c br+ my he>t to any degree ( critical coolness be=e ?is music10 he wrote1 9 #ahfh1 aft] li/5+ to ! ov]ture to ! ,mei/]s+]2 8e fibre & n]ve 9 me ?rills2 x is a long "t s9ce ,i h be5 s c>ri$ away40 ,i quote ^! words1 = we %all1 ,i ?9k1 f9d lat] t !y h _! significance4 ,a few weeks aft]w>ds he 0 invit$ to meet ! ma/]1 & ?us began a relation%ip t = ,nietzs*e 0 fateful4 ,mean:ile 8 philological /udies 7 br++ him di/9ction4 ,a lecture on ,!ognis 0 pron\nc$ by ,rits*l to be ! be/ "w by a /ud5t ( ,nietzs*e's /&+ t he _h ev] met )4 ,!n foll[$ inve/igations into ! s\rces ( ,suidas1 a l5g?y exam9ation ,de fontibus ,diog5is ,la]tii1 & palographic /udies 9 connection ) ,t]5ce1 ,/atius1 & ,orosius4 ,he 0 n[ also consci\sly p]fect+ 8 ,g]man /yle1 treat+ language1 he rem>ks1 z a musical in/rum5t on :i* "o mu/ be able to improvise1 z well z play :at is m]ely le>nt by he>t4 ,9 #ahfi1 :5 only 9 8 tw5ty-six? ye>1 & be=e he _h tak5 8 doctor's degree1 he accept$ ! *air ( classical philology at ,basel4 ,he 0 c]ta9ly1 z he himself said1 n a born philologi/4 ,he _h devot$ himself to philology--,i wi% to insi/ on ?is significant po9t--z a s$ative & tonic to 8 re/less en]gy2 9 ?is he 0 d\btless wise1 ?\gh 8 si/] seems to sugge/ t he !reby increas$ 8 m5tal /ra94 ,b he _h no real vocation = philology1 & x is curi\s t :5 ! ,basel *air 0 (f]$ to him he 0 propos+ to himself to ?r[ aside philology = *emi/ry4 ,philologi/s1 he decl>es aga9 & aga91 are b factory h&s 9 ! s]vice ( sci5ce4 ,at ! be/ philology is a wa/e ( acut5ess1 s9ce x m]ely enables u to /ate facts :i* ! /udy ( ! pres5t w\ld tea* u mu* m swiftly & surely4 ,?us x 0 t he in/9ctively broad5$ & deep5$ e philological "q he took up1 mak+ x a *annel = philosophy & morals4 ,) 8 specifically philological "w we are n fur!r conc]n$4 ,i h be5 c>eful to pres5t ! ma9 facts 9 ,nietzs*e's e>ly developm5t because !y seem to me to ?r[ light on ! :ole ( 8 lat] developm5t4 ,s f> he _h publi%$ no?+ except 9 philological j\rnals4 ,9 #ahga1 aft] he _h settl$ at ,basel1 appe>$ 8 fir/ "w1 an essay entitl$ ,die ,geburt d] ,tragdie aus dem ,gei/e d] ,musik1 d$icat$ to ,wagn]4 ,! conception ( ?is essay 0 academic1 b 9 ,nietzs*e's h&s ! orig9 ( trag$y became m]ely ! text = an exposition ( 8 own philosophy ( art at ?is p]iod4 ,he traces two art impulses 9 anci5t ,greece3 "o1 />t+ 9 ! ph5om5a ( dream+1 :i* he associates ) ,apollo2 ! o!r1 />t+ 9 ! ph5om5a ( intoxication1 associat$ ) ,dionysus1 & ?r\gh s++1 music & di?yramb lead+ up to ! lyric4 ,! union ( ^!1 :i* bo? imply a pessimi/ic view ( life1 produc$ folksong & f9ally trag$y1 :i* is ?us ! outcome ( ,dionysiac music f]tilis$ by ,apollonian imag]y4 ,socrates ! optimi/1 ) 8 views conc]n+ virtue z k1 vice z ignorance1 & 8 id5tification ( virtue ) happ9ess1 l$ to ! decay ( trag$y & ! triumph ( ,alex&rian culture1 9 ! net ( :i* ! :ole mod]n _w is /ill held4 ,n[1 h[ev]1 ,g]man music is produc+ a new bir? ( trag$y ?r\gh ,wagn]1 :o has aga9 unit$ music & my?1 inaugurat$ an era ( art culture1 & built ! bridge to a new ,g]man hea!nism4 ,?is rem>kable essay produc$ consid]able controv]sy & mu* con/]nation among ,nietzs*e's philological fri5ds & tea*]s1 :o res5t$--reasonably en\gh1 we may well admit--! subord9ation ( philology to mod]n philosophy & art1 & c\ld n und]/& ! m>vell\s swan !y _h hat*$4 ,a philologi/ ,nietzs*e c\ld nev] h cont9u$1 b ?is book publicly put an end to any hope ( academic advancem5t4 ,x rema9s *>act]i/ic ( ,nietzs*e's fir/ p]iod1 z we may call :atev] he wrote be=e #ahgf1 9 its insi/5ce on ! prim>y importance ( /hetic z oppos$ to intellectual culture2 & x is *>act]i/ic ( 8 :ole "w 9 its grip ( ! connection betwe5 ! problems & solutions ( ,hell5ic times & ! problems & solutions ( ! mod]n _w4 ,= ,nietzs*e ! ,greek _w 0 n ! model ( beautiful m$iocrity imag9$ by ,w9ckelmann & ,goe!1 nor did x date f ! era ( rhetorical idealism inaugurat$ by ,plato4 ,! real ,hell5ic _w came e>li]1 & ! true ,hell5es 7 /urdy reali/s enam\r$ ( life1 rev]5c+ all its manife/ations & signs1 & hold+ 9 highe/ hon\r t sexual symbol ( life :i* ,*ri/ianity1 ) its d5ial ( life1 despises4 ,plato ,nietzs*e hat$2 he _h w&]$ f all ! fundam5tal in/9cts ( ! ,hell5e4 ,8 *ildi% dialectic c only appeal1 ,nietzs*e said1 to ^? :o are ignorant ( ,fr5* ma/]s l ,font5elle4 ,! be/ cure = ,plato1 he held1 is ,?ucydides1 ! la/ ( ! old ,hell5es :o 7 brave 9 ! face ( reality2 ,plato fl$ f reality into ! ideal & 0 a ,*ri/ian be=e 8 "t4 ,h]aclitus 0 ,nietzs*e's fav\rite ,greek ?9k]1 & he lik$ to po9t out t ! morali/s ( ! ,/oa may be trac$ back to ! great philosoph] ( ,ephesus4 ,die ,geburt d] ,tragdie is ! prelude to all ,nietzs*e's "w4 ,he outgrew x1 b 9 "o po9t at lea/ x s\nds a note :i* recurs ?r\gh\t all 8 "w4 ,he ev] reg>d$ ! ,greek conception ( ,dionysus z ! key to ! my/]y ( life4 ,9 ,gtz5dmm]ung1 ! la/ ( 8 works1 ?is is /ill affirm$1 m di/9ctly ?an ev]4 8,! fundam5tal ,hell5ic in/9ct10 he !re wrote1 80 fir/ reveal$ 9 ! ,dionysiac my/]ies4 ,:at 0 x ! ,greek assur$ to himself 9 ^! my/]ies8 ,et]nal life1 ! et]nal return ( life1 ! future promis$ & consecrat$ 9 ! pres5t1 ! triumphal affirmation ( life ov] dea? & *ange1 true life or immortality ?r\gh procreation1 ?r\gh ! my/]ies ( sexuality4 ,?us ! sexual symbol 0 to ! ,greeks ! pr(\nde/ & mo/ v5]able symbol 9 ! :ole range ( anci5t piety4 ,e individual act ( reproduction1 ( conception1 ( bir? 0 a fe/ival awak+ ! l(tie/ emotions4 ,! doctr9e ( ! my/]ies proclaim$ ! hol9ess ( pa92 ! pangs ( *ildbir? sanctifi$ all pa94 ,all gr[? & developm5t1 e promise = ! future1 is condition$ by pa94 ,to ensure ! et]nal pleasure ( creation1 ! et]nal affirmation ( ! w to live1 ! et]nity ( bir?-pangs is absolutely requir$4 ,all ?is is signifi$ by ! ^w ,dionysus3 ,i "k no high] symbolism ?an ?is ,greek ,dionysiac symbolism4 ,9 x ! deepe/ in/9ct ( life1 ( ! future ( life1 ! et]nity ( life1 is exp]i5c$ religi\sly2 g5]ation1 ! way to life1 is reg>d$ z a sacr$ way4 ,*ri/ianity alone1 ) its fundam5tal horror ( life1 has made sexuality an impure ?+1 ca/+ fil? on ! beg9n+1 ! v condition1 ( our life40 ,betwe5 #ahgc & #ahgf ,nietzs*e wrote f\r essays--on ,david ,/rauss1 ! ,use & ,abuse ( ,hi/ory 9 relation to ,life1 ,s*op5hau] z an ,educator1 & ,ri*>d ,wagn]--:i* 7 publi%$ z a s]ies ( ,unzeitgemsse ,betra*tung54 ,! essay on ,/rauss 0 writt5 soon aft] ! great w>1 amid ! result+ outbur/ ( flamboyant patriotism & ! widely-express$ conviction t ! w> 0 a victory ( 8,g]man culture40 ,fre% f ! _w ( ,greece1 ,nietzs*e p\rs contempt on t assumption4 ,culture1 he says1 is1 above all1 unity ( arti/ic /yle 9 e expression ( a p's life4 ,! exub]ance ( k 9 :i* a ,g]man glories is nei!r a necess>y means ( culture nor a sign ( x1 be+1 inde$1 m alli$ to ! opposite ( culture--to b>b>ism4 ,x is 9 ?is b>b>ism t ! mod]n ,g]man lives1 t is to say1 9 a *aotic mixture ( all /yles4 ,look at 8 clo?+1 ,nietzs*e cont9ues1 8 h\ses1 8 /reets1 all 8 mann]s & cu/oms4 ,!y are a turmoil ( all /yles 9 :i* he peacefully lives & moves4 ,su* culture is really a phlegmatic abs5ce ( all s5se ( culture4 ,l>gely1 also1 x is m]ely a bad imitation ( ! real & productive culture ( ,france :i* x is suppos$ to h conqu]$ 9 #ahgj4 ,let !re be no *att]1 he concludes1 ab\t ! triumph ( ,g]man culture1 = at pres5t no real ,g]man culture exi/s4 ,! h]oic figures ( ! ,g]man pa/ 7 n 8classics10 z "s imag9e2 !y 7 seek]s aft] a g5u9e ,g]man culture1 & s reg>d$ !mselves4 ,! w\ld-be *ildr5 ( culture 9 ,g]many to-day are ,phili/9es )\t kn[+ x1 & ! only unity !y h a*iev$ is a me?odical b>b>ism4 ,nietzs*e attacks ,/rauss by no means z a !ologian1 b z a typical 8culture-,phili/9e40 ,he 0 mov$ to ?is by ! rec5t publication ( ,d] ,alte und d] ,neue ,glaube4 ,i c well und]/& ! emotions ) :i* t book fill$ him1 = ,i1 too1 read x soon aft] its publication1 & c vividly recall ! pa9ful impression made on me by its homely p$e/rianism1 ! dull unimag9ativ5ess ( ! man :o c\ld only comp>e ! _w to a piece ( ma*9]y1 an eng9e t creaks 9 ! work+1 a sort ( va/ ,lanca%ire mill 9 :i* we mu/ sp5d e mom5t 9 fev]i% lab\r1 & = our tr\ble p]haps be caught betwe5 ! :eels & cogs4 ,b ,i 0 "y1 & my y\?ful idealism1 eag] = "s vital & passionate picture ( ! _w1 inevitably revolt$ aga9/ s tawdry & me*anical a conception4 ,nietzs*e1 !n & ev]1 fail$ to p]ceive t !re is room1 aft] all1 = ! mode/ /urdy b\rgeois lab\r] :o1 at ! end ( a h>d life 9 ! s]vice ( tru?1 sits d[n to enjoy 8 br[n be] & ,haydn's qu>tettes1 & to repeat 8 homely confession ( fai? 9 ! _w z he sees x4 ,nietzs*e fail$ to realise t ,/rauss's limitations 7 ess5tial to ! "w he _h to d1 & t he rema9$ a n unwor?y foll[] ( ^? ,g]man h]oes :o 7 n 8classics10 b hone/ seek]s aft] ! highe/ !y knew4 ,9 ?is hyp]trophi$ repulsion = ! ev]yday "w ( ! intellectual _w we t\* on a defect 9 ,nietzs*e's temp]am5t :i* we mu/ reg>d z fundam5tal1 & :i* wr\ght 9 him at la/ to wilde/ issues4 ,9 ano!r ( ^! essays1 ,s*op5hau] als ,erzieh]1 ,nietzs*e sets =? 8 op9ions conc]n+ 8 e>ly ma/] 9 philosophy4 ,x is a significant indication ( ! qualities t attract$ him to ,s*op5hau] t he comp>es him to ,montaigne1 ?us at once reveal+ 8 own ess5tial optimism1 & ! admiration :i* he !n & always felt = ! great ,fr5* ma/]s ( wisdom4 ,he reg>ds ,s*op5hau] z ! lead] f ,kant's caves ( critical scepticism to ! op5 sky ) its consol+ />s4 ,s*op5hau] saw ! _w z a :ole1 & 0 n befool$ by ! analysis ( ! col\rs & canvas :]e) ! picture is pa9t$4 ,kant1 9 spite ( ! impulse ( 8 g5ius1 nev] became a philosoph]4 8,if any "o ?9ks ,i am ?us do+ ,kant an inju/ice1 he _c "k :at a philosoph] is1 i4e41 n m]ely a great ?9k] b also a real man20 & he goes on to expla9 t ! m]e s*ol> :o is accu/om$ to let op9ions1 ideas1 & ?+s 9 books always int]v5e betwe5 him & facts1 w nev] see facts1 & w nev] be a fact to himself2 :]eas ! philosoph] mu/ reg>d himself z ! symbol & abbreviation ( all ! facts ( ! _w4 ,x rema9$ an axiom ) ,nietzs*e t ! philosoph] mu/ fir/ ( all be a 8real man40 ,9 ?is essay1 :i* ,nietzs*e always pref]r$ to 8 o!r e>ly works1 he ?us = ! fir/ "t cle>ly sets =? 8 conception ( ! philosoph] z a tea*]1 a lib]ator1 a guide to f9e liv+2 ,s*op5hau]'s metaphysical doctr9e he ca/s aside ) indiff]5ce4 ,unconsci\sly1 z 9 late ye>s he seems to h admitt$1 he 0 speak+ ( himself & sett+ =? 8 own aims4 ,?us x is *>act]i/ic t he "h also fir/ express$ 8 conception ( ! value ( individuality4 ,%akespe>e _h ask$3 8,:i* c say m ,?an ?is ri* praise1 t y alone are y80 ,b ,%akespe>e 0 only address+ a s+le belov$ fri5d4 ,nietzs*e addresses ! same ?\ght to ! common 8y40 8,at bottom e man well kn[s t he c only live "o s+le life 9 ! _w1 & t nev] aga9 w s /range a *ance %ake toge!r into unity su* s+ul>ly v>i$ elem5ts z he holds3 he kn[s t1 b he hides x l a bad consci5ce40 ,?is 0 a sane & democratic individualism2 9 lat] ye>s1 z we %all see1 x assum$ /rang] %apes4 ,at ,basel ,nietzs*e liv$ 9 close communion ) ,wagn] & ,frau ,cosima1 :o at ?is "t reg>d$ him z ! prophet ( ! music-drama4 ,! essay on ,wagn]1 :i* />ts f ! /&po9t rea*$ 9 ! previ\s essays1 seems to ju/ify ?is confid5ce4 ,!re is a deep analogy = ^? to :om di/ance is no obscur+ cl\d1 ,nietzs*e rem>ks1 betwe5 ,kant & ! ,eleatics1 ,s*op5hau] & ,emp$ocles1 ,wagn] & s*ylus4 8,! _w has be5 ori5talis$ long en\gh1 & m5 n[ seek to be hell5is$40 ,! ,gordian knot has be5 cut & its /r&s are flutt]+ to ! ends ( ! _w2 we ne$ a s]ies ( ,anti-,alex&]s mighty en\gh to br+ toge!r ! scatt]$ ?reads ( life4 ,wagn] is su* an ,anti-,alex&]1 a great a/r+5t =ce 9 ! _w4 ,= 8x is n possible to pres5t ! highe/ & pure/ op]ations ( dramatic art1 & n !re) to r5ew morals & ! /ate1 education & affairs40 ,bayreu? is ! sacr$ consecration on ! morn+ ( battle4 8,! battles :i* art br+s be=e u are a simplification ( ! actual battles ( life2 its problems are an abbreviation ( ! endlessly involv$ reckon+ ( human action & aspiration4 ,b h]e9 lies ! greatness & value ( art1 t x calls =? ! appe>ance ( a simpl] _w1 a %ort] solution ( ! problems ( life4 ,no "o :o suff]s 9 life c disp5se ) t appe>ance1 j z no "o c disp5se ) sleep40 ,wagn] has simplifi$ ! _w1 ,nietzs*e cont9ues2 he has relat$ music to life1 ! drama to music2 he has int5sifi$ ! visible ?+s ( ! _w1 & made ! audible visible4 ,j z ,goe! f\nd 9 poetry an expression = ! pa9t]'s vocation he _h miss$1 s ,wagn] utilis$ 9 music 8 dramatic in/9ct4 ,& ,nietzs*e fur!r notes ! democratic nature ( ,wagn]'s art1 s /r5u\sly w>m & bright z to rea* ev5 ! l[lie/ 9 _s4 ,wagn] takes (f ! /igma t cl+s to ! ^w 8common10 & br+s to all ! means ( atta9+ spiritual fre$om4 8,=10 says ,nietzs*e1 8:osoev] w be free1 mu/ make himself free2 fre$om is no fairy's gift to fall into any man's lap40 ,su* are ! lead+ ?\ghts 9 an essay :i* rema9s an int]e/+ philosophic appreciation ( ! place ( ,wagn]'s art 9 ! mod]n _w2 yet "o may well admit t x is (t5 ov]-/ra9$1 ) a /ra9 t expresses ! obscure /ruggle ( nasc5t antagonism4 ,x is1 inde$1 ,wagn] 9 ,bayreu? :i* br+s to an end ,nietzs*e's fir/ p]iod1 & leads up to ! cra% :i* inaugurat$ 8 lat] p]iod4 ,hi!rto ,nietzs*e's "w 0 unque/ionably sane bo? 9 sub/ance & =m4 ,no d\bt x _h call$ =? mu* criticism2 "w s vigor\s1 s9c]e1 & indep5d5t c\ld n fail to ar\se ho/ility4 ,b z we look back to-day1 ^! f9e essays repres5t1 ) mu* y\?ful en?usiasm1 ! be/ t 0 kn[n & ?\ght 9 ,g]many a qu>t] ( a c5tury ago4 ,nietzs*e's op9ions on ,wagn] & ,s*op5hau]1 on individualism & democracy1 ! significance ( e>ly ,hell5ism = mod]ns1 ! dang] ( an excessive hi/orical s5se1 ! conception ( culture less z a /riv+ aft] intellectual k ?an z t :i* ar\ses )9 u ! philosoph]1 ! arti/1 & ! sa9t--all ^! ideas1 wild z "s ( !m seem$ to ,nietzs*e's ,g]man contempor>ies1 are ! ideas :i* h n[ l>gely p]meat$ ,european culture4 ,! same _c be said ( 8 lat] ideas4 ,x 0 at ! fir/ ,bayreu? fe/ival 9 #ahgf t ?is *apt] 9 ,nietzs*e's life 0 f9ally clos$4 ,8 pr(\nd admiration = ,wagn]1 8 intimate int]c\rse ) ! greate/ figure 9 ! ,g]man _w ( art1 _h hi!rto be5 ! *ief fact 9 8 life4 ,all 8 ideals ( life & 8 hopes = ! future _h gr[n up ar\nd ! figure ( ,wagn]1 :o seem$ ! lead] into a new ,promis$ ,l&4 ,dur+ ! previ\s two ye>s1 h[ev]1 ,nietzs*e _h se5 little ( ,wagn]1 :o _h left ,switz]l&1 & he _h be5 unable to realise ei!r 8 own developm5t or ,wagn]'s4 ,:atev] en?usiasm ,nietzs*e may h felt 9 e>ly life = a return to ,g]man hea!nism1 he 0 yet by race & tra9+ & ta/e by no means alli$ to primitive ,g]manism2 x 0 t[>ds ,greece & t[>ds ,france t 8 conception ( national culture really drew him4 ,wagn] 0 f> m pr(\ndly ,teutonic1 & 9 ! ,nibelung cycle1 :i* ,nietzs*e 0 ab\t to witness = ! fir/ "t on ! /age1 ,wagn] _h inc>nat$ ! _s ( ,teutonic hea!nism ) an ov]:elm+ b>b>ic en]gy :i*1 z ,nietzs*e c\ld n[ realise1 0 utt]ly ali5 to 8 own mo/ native in/9cts4 ,?us x 0 t ,bayreu? m>k$ ! crisis ( a subtle b pr(\nd realisation1 ! mo/ int5se self-realisation he _h yet atta9$4 ,! :ole hi/ory ( ?is ,wagn] episode 9 ,nietzs*e's life is full ( int]e/4 ,! circum/antial n>rative 9 ! second volume ( ! ,leb5 ,nietzs*e's r5d]s x cle> at e po9t1 & reveals a trag$y :i* has its significance = ! /udy ( g5ius g5]ally4 ,nietzs*e1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 0 m ?an ?irty ye>s y\ng] ?an ,wagn]4 ,he 0 y\ng]1 & also he 0 less corrupt$ by ! _w ?an ,wagn]4 ,! great arti/ ( ! music-drama possess$1 or _h acquir$1 a practical good s5se 9 all t conc]n$ ! realisation ( 8 own mighty projects su* z always m>ks ! greate/ & mo/ successful ( ! _w's supreme arti/s4 ,l ,%akespe>e1 he knew t ! dy]'s h& mu/ ev] be a little subdu$ to :at x works 91 if ! radiant beauty ( 8 /uffs is ev] to be p]fectly a*iev$4 ,b ,nietzs*e c\ld nev] endure any fleck on 8 h&2 he %rank ) horror f e soil+ contact2 he 0 an arti/ :o reg>d$ life itself z ! highe/ art4 ,he c\ld nev] h c>ri$ ?r\gh ! r\gh task ( dy+ ! gorge\s g>m5ts ( a n>r[] b m p]fectly atta9able art4 ,nietzs*e's idealis$ admiration = ,wagn] 0 complicat$1 aft] 8 appo9tm5t to ! ,basel *air1 by a deep p]sonal fri5d%ip = ! ,ma/]1 ! *ief fri5d%ip ( 8 life4 ,& 8 fri5d%ips 7 deep] ?an ^? ( mo/2 al?\gh !y %[ no traces ( sexual t9cture !y 7 hyp]trophi$ by ! defective sexuality ( ! man :o always reg>d$ fri5d%ip z a m massive & poignant emotion ?an love4 ,t !re 7 on ei!r side any petty faults to cause a rift 9 fri5d%ip !re is no reason :atev] to believe4 ,nietzs*e 0 above su*1 & ,wagn]'s fri5d%ip 0 always he>ty until he realis$ t ,nietzs*e 0 no long] 8 disciple1 & !n he dropp$ him1 sil5tly1 z a workman drops a useless tool4 ,9 addition x mu/ be not$ t ,nietzs*e 0 probably at ?is "t (t5 ov]-/ra9$1 almo/ hy/]ical1--at lea/ s1 we may ga!r1 he impress$ ,wagn]1 :o urg$ him to m>ry a ri* wife & to travel1--& he 0 /ill afflict$ by a disord] :i* n ev5 g5ius c escape 9 y\?1 he 0 /ill some?+ ( :at we vulg>ly call a 8prig02 he _h n yet q outgr[n 8! y\?ful ,jesus 9 ! ,temple40 8,y\r bro!r ) 8 air ( delicate di/9ction is a mo/ uncom=table fell[10 said ,wagn] to ,frau ,fr/]-,nietzs*e2 8"o c always see :at he is ?9k+2 sometimes he is q emb>rass$ at my jokes--& !n ,i crack !m m madly ?an ev]40 ,wagn]'s jokes1 x appe>s1 7 ( a homely & plebeian sort1 n appeal+ to "o :o liv$ naturally & habitually 9 an atmosph]e ( ke5 intellectual activity4 ,be>+ all ?is 9 m9d1 "o c imag9e ! impression made ^u ,nietzs*e by ! inaugural fe/ival at ,bayreu? = :i* he _h j writt5 an impassion$ & yet philosophic prologue4 ,wagn] 0 absorb$ 9 us+ all 8 consid]able p[]s ( manag+ m5 9 f9ally vanqui%+ ! difficulties 9 8 way4 ,to any "o :o c\ld see ! fe/ival f ! inside1 z ,nietzs*e 0 able to see x1 !re 7 all ! inevitable squabbles & sc&als & comic contretemps :i* mu/ always m>k ! inception ( a great und]tak+1 b :i* to-day are hidd5 f u1 pilgrims f _m l&s1 z we asc5d to t hillside /ructure :i* is ! *ief liv+ %r9e ( art 9 ,europe4 ,& ! p :o 7 cr[d+ 9 to ?is 8sacr$ consecration on ! morn+ ( battle0 7 ari/ocrats & plutocrats--bejewell$1 corpul5t1 commonplace--head$ by ! old ,emp]or1 anxi\s to d 8 duty1 decor\sly jo9+ 9 ! applause z he :isp]$ 8,horrible6 horrible60 to 8 aide-de-camp1 & hurry+ away z quickly z possible to ! milit>y manuvres4 ,!re 0 m ?an en\gh "h to make 8 own j issu$ battle-cry seem f>cical to ,nietzs*e4 ,all 0 conspir+ to "o end4 ,! conception ( ! sanctity ( ,bayreu?1 8 p]sonal rev]5ce = ,wagn] 7 slipp+ away toge!r1 & at ! same "t he 0 =c$ to realise t ! b>b>ic ,g]manism ( ?is ov]p[]+ ,nibelung music 0 n ! music = him4 ,8 developm5t w\ld inevitably h c>ri$ him away f ,wagn]1 b ! fe/ival br\ght on ! crisis ) a sudd5 cla%4 ,nietzs*e _h f9ally conqu]$ ! mightie/ ( 8 false ideals1 & /ood = ev] aft] free & indep5d5t ( all 8 e>ly gods2 b ! w\nds ( t victory 7 nev] q clos$ to ! la/3 a completely s]5e & h>moni\s conception ( ?+s1 s f> z ,wagn] 0 conc]n$1 ,nietzs*e nev] atta9$4 ,x may well be t ! *ange 0 also physical4 ,! excitem5t ( ! fe/ival precipitat$ an organic cata/rophe t[>ds :i* he _h long be5 t5d+4 ,8 si/] f9ds ! orig9al s\rce ( ?is cata/rophe 9 ! w> ( #ahgj4 ,he desir$ to s]ve 8 c\ntry z a combatant1 b ! ,univ]sity w\ld only all[ him leave to att5d to ! w\nd$4 ,! physical & emotional ov]-t5sion involv$ by 8 con/ant c>e ( six "y w\nd$ m5 culm9at$ 9 a sev]e illness1 :i* l$ on to a nev]-end+ tra9 ( symptoms--eye-tr\bles1 dyspepsia1 heada*e1 insomnia--:i* 7 p]haps aggravat$ by ! reckless use ( drugs4 ,i h already not$ passages :i* indicate t he 0 himself aw>e ( a consum+ flame )91 & t f "t to "t he made ef=ts to *eck its ravages4 ,t x 0 ?is int]nal flame :i* l>gely produc$ ! breakd[n is %[n by ! n>rative ( ,nietzs*e's fri5d1 ,dr4 ,kretz]1 :o 0 ) him at ,bayreu?4 ,x 0 evid5t he 0 s]i\sly ill1 ,kretz] tells u1 utt]ly *ang$ & brok5 d[n4 ,8 eye-tr\bles 7 associat$1 if n ) actual bra9 disease1 at all ev5ts ) a high degree ( neura/h5ia4#b ,at ,bayreu?1 ,nietzs*e 0 =c$ to realise ! p]il ( 8 position z he _h nev] realis$ x be=e4 ,he c\ld no long] disguise f himself t he mu/ break ) all ! passionate int]e/s ( 8 pa/4 ,x 0 an ess5tial measure ( hygi5e1 almo/ a surgical op]ation4 ,?is is inde$ h[ he has himself put ! matt]4 ,9 ! preface to ,d] ,fall ,wagn]1 he said t x _h be5 to him a necess>y self-discipl9e to take "p aga9/ all t 0 morbid )9 himself1 aga9/ ,wagn]1 aga9/ ,s*op5hau]1 aga9/ all ! impassion+ int]e/s ( mod]n life1 & to view ! _w1 s f> z possible1 ) ! philosoph]'s eyes1 f an imm5se height4 ,& aga9 he speaks ( ,wagn]'s art z a beak] ( ec/asy s subtle & pr(\nd t x acts l poison & leaves no rem$y at la/ b flight f ! sir5's cave4 ,nietzs*e 0 h5ce=? 9 ! position ( a g\ty subject :o is =c$ to ab&on port w9e & /raightway becomes an apo/le ( total ab/95ce4 ,! rem$y seems to h be5 fairly successful4 ,b ! disease 0 9 8 bones4 ,impassion+ int]e/s t 7 f> m subtly poison\s sl[ly develop$ )9 him1 & twelve ye>s lat] flight _h become impossible1 ev5 if he 0 /ill able to realise ! ne$ = fight4 ,nietzs*e broke v ?or\ghly ) 8 pa/1 yet ! break has be5 exagg]at$1 & he himself (t5 help$ to exagg]ate x4 ,he 0 9 ! position ( a beleagu]$ city :i* has be5 =c$ to ab&on its out] walls & conc5trate itself 9 ! citadel2 & h[ev] x may h be5 9 anci5t w>f>e1 9 spiritual affairs su* a /ate ( ?+s involves an (f5sive attitude t[>ds ! =m] l9e ( def5ce4 ,! positions we h ab&on$ con/itute a dang] to ! positions we h tak5 up4 ,_m ( ! _w's fi]ce/ p]secutors h b p]secut$ _! old selves1 & !re seems to be psy*ological necessity = su* an attitude4 ,yet a c>eful /udy ( ,nietzs*e's e>li] activity reveals _m g]ms ( lat] developm5ts4 ,! critical attitude t[>ds conv5tional morality1 ! individualism1 ! optimism1 ! ideal ( h]oism1 :i* dom9ate 8 lat] ?\ght1 exi/ z g]ms 9 8 e>li] "w4 ,ev5 ! flagrant contra/ betwe5 ,ri*>d ,wagn] 9 ,bayreu? & ,d] ,fall ,wagn] 0 ! outcome ( a gradual developm5t4 ,9 ! e>li] essay ,nietzs*e _h ju/ly po9t$ out t ,wagn]'s in/9cts 7 fundam5tally dramatic4 ,z ye>s w5t on he brood$ ov] ?is idea2 ! nimble & lamb5t wit ( 8 lat] days play$ ar\nd x until ,wagn] became a m]e actor 9 8 "w & 9 8 life1 a rhetorician1 an inc>nate falsehood1 ! p]sonification ( latt]-day decad5ce1 ! ,victor ,hugo ( music1 ! ,b]n9i ( music1 ! mod]n ,caglio/ro4 ,at ! same "t he admits t ,wagn] repres5ts ! mod]n _s1 & t x is reasonable = a musician to say t ?\gh he hates ,wagn] he c tol]ate no o!r music4 ,! fact is1 "o may well repeat1 t ,nietzs*e 0 n ,teuton en\gh to abide = ev] ) ,wagn]4 ,he comp>es him contemptu\sly ) ,hegel1 cl\d-compell]s bo?1 ma/]s ( ,g]man mi/s & ,g]man my/icism1 wor%ipp]s ( ,wotan1 ! god ( bad wea!r1 ! god ( ! ,g]mans4 8,h[ c\ld !y miss :at we1 we ,halcyonians1 miss 9 ,wagn]--la gaya sci5za1 ! light feet1 wit1 fire1 grace1 /rong logic1 ! dance ( ! />s1 arrogant intellectuality1 ! quiv]+ light ( ! s\?1 ! smoo? sea--p]fection80 ,x 0 sc>cely1 h[ev]1 ! ,halcyonian 9 ,nietzs*e t /ood betwe5 him & ,wagn]4 ,t is well %[n by 8 attitude t[>ds ,p>sifal4 ,:atev] we may ?9k ( ! ideas embodi$ 9 ,p>sifal1 x may yet seem to u ! mo/ solemn1 ! mo/ graci\sly calm & beautiful spectacle t has ev] be5 fitly set to music4 ,9 ,nietzs*e ! ?9k] & ! morali/ 7 s mu* /rong] ?an ! arti/ t he c\ld see no?+ "h b bad psy*ology1 bad ?9k+1 & bad religion4 ,! rebellion aga9/ ,wagn] 0 inevitable4 ,x is evid5t t ,nietzs*e _h n ga9$ complete ma/]y ( 8 own p]sonality 9 8 e>li] "w4 ,x is brilliant1 full ( f9e p]ceptions & critical insight1 b z a p]sonal utt]ance incomplete4 ,x r5d]s ! be/ ideas ( ! "t1 n ! be/ ideas t ,nietzs*e c\ld contribute to ! "t4 ,! %ock ( #ahgf may h be5 a /ep t[>ds ! dis9tegration ( 8 intellect1 b x 0 also a rally1 a /ep t[>ds a high] self-realisation4 ,nietzs*e _h no g5u9e aff9ity ) ,s*op5hau] or ) ,wagn]1 ?\gh !y 7 helpful to 8 developm5t2 he 0 no pessimi/1 he 0 no democrat4 ,z he himself said1 8,i und]/ood ! philosophic pessimism ( ! n9ete5? c5tury z ! symptom ( a f9] /r5g? ( ?\ght1 a m victori\s fulness ( life4 ,9 ! same way ,wagn]'s music signifi$ to me ! expression ( a ,dionysiac might9ess ( s\l 9 :i* ,i seem$ to he>1 z 9 an e>?quake1 ! upheaval ( ! primitive p[]s ( life1 aft] age-long repression40 ,n[ he only ne$$ relief1 8gold51 t5d]1 oily melodies10 to soo! ! lead5 weight ( life1 & ^! he f\nd 9 ,c>m54 ,any discussion ( ! m]its ( ! "q z betwe5 ,wagn] & ,bizet1 ! e>li] & ! lat] ,nietzs*e1 seems to me out ( place1 ?\gh mu* has be5 made ( x by ^? :o delight to see a giant turn & r5d himself4 ,nietzs*e himself said he 0 writ+ = psy*ologi/s1 & x is n unfair to add t x is less 8,wagn]'s case0 t he pres5ts to u ?an 8,nietzs*e's case40 ,z to ! m]its ( ! case1 we may alike admit t ,nietzs*e's en?usiasm = ,wagn] 0 n excessive1 & t ! pleasant ?+s he said ( ,c>m5 are fully ju/ifi$2 we may address bo? ! e>ly & ! late ,nietzs*e 9 ! words habitually us$ by ! l&lord ( ! 8,ra9b[03 8,y're bo? wrong & y're bo? "r1 z ,i allus says40 ,mo/ ( ! mighty qu>rels t h s5t m5 to battle & ! /ake might h be5 appeas$ _h ea* side recognis$ t bo? 7 "r 9 _! affirmations1 bo? wrong 9 _! d5ials4 ,nietzs*e occupi$ 8 *air at ,basel = "s ye>s long]2 9 #ahhj 8 heal? =c$ him to resign & he 0 lib]ally p5sion$4 ,z a pr(essor he treat$ ! mo/ difficult que/ions ( ,greek /udy1 & devot$ 8 *ief att5tion to 8 be/ pupils1 :o 9 _! turn ador$ him4 ,basel is an admirable resid5ce = a cosmopolitan ?9k]2 x 0 easy = ,nietzs*e to keep 9 t\* ) all t w5t on f ,p>is to ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,he 0 also on t]ms ( m or less intimate fri5d%ip ) ! f9e/ spirits 9 ,switz]l&1 ) ,kell] ! noveli/1 ,bckl9 ! pa9t]1 ,burckh>dt ! hi/orian4 ,we are told t he 0 a man ( great p]sonal *>m 9 social int]c\rse4 ,b 8 associates at ,basel nev] suspect$ t 9 ?is c\rte\s & amiable pr(essor 0 /or$ up an explosive en]gy :i* w\ld "o day be felt 9 e civilis$ l&4 ,) p5 9 h& 8 criticism ( life 0 unfl9*+1 8 s9c]ity arrogant2 :5 ! p5 0 dropp$ he became mode/1 res]v$1 almo/ timor\s4 ,! "w he produc$ betwe5 #ahgg & #ahhb seems to me to repres5t ! maturity ( 8 g5ius4 ,x includes ,m5s*li*es1 ,allzum5s*li*es1 ,morg5r!1 & ,die ,frhli*e ,wiss5s*aft4 ,9 =m all ^! volumes belong to p5se lit]ature4 ,!y deal ) art1 ) religion1 ) morals & philosophy1 ) ! relation ( all ^! to life4 ,nietzs*e %[s himself 9 ^! p5ses above all a free?9k]1 emancipat$ f e law save t ( s9c]ity1 wide-rang+1 s]i\s1 p5etrative1 (t5 impassion$1 z yet always able to foll[ 8 own ideal ( self-re/ra9t4 ,aft] leav+ ,basel he sp5t ! foll[+ n9e ye>s *iefly at heal? resorts & 9 travell+4 ,we f9d him at ,sorr5to1 ,v5ice1 ,g5oa1 ,tur91 ,sils ,m>ia1 z well z at ,leipzig4 ,d\btless 8 fre% & poignant p5ses are l>gely ! outcome ( /r5u\s solit>y walks 9 ! ,engad9e or among ! ,italian lakes4 ,we may assume t dur+ mo/ ( ^! ye>s he 0 fight+1 on ! :ole successfully fight+1 = m5tal heal?4 ,yet passages t occur ?r\gh\t 8 books seem to sugge/ t 8 ?\ghts may h sometimes turn$ to ! goal t[>ds :i* he 0 t5d+4 ,x is a mi/ake1 he po9ts out1 to suppose t insanity is always ! symptom ( a deg5]at+ culture1 al?\gh to nod t[>ds ! asylum is a conv5i5t mod]n way ( slay+ spiritual tyrants2 x is 9 primitive & develop+ /ages ( culture t insanity has play$ its *ief "p2 only by virtue ( :at seem$ to be ! 8,div9e0 turbul5ce ( insanity & epilepsy c\ld any new moral law make progress among e>ly cultures4 ,j z = u !re seems a little madness 9 all g5ius1 s = !m !re seem$ a little g5ius 9 all madness2 sorc]]s & sa9ts agonis$ 9 solitude & ab/95ce = "s gleam ( madness :i* w\ld br+ !m fai? 9 !mselves & op5ly ju/ify _! mission4 ,:at may p]haps be call$ ,nietzs*e's ?ird p]iod began 9 #ahhc ) ,also spra* ,z>a?u/ra1 ! mo/ extraord9>y ( all 8 works1 my/ical & oracul> 9 =m1 b n my/ical 9 sub/ance4 ,z>a?u/ra has only a di/ant relation%ip to 8 prototype ,zoroa/]1 ?\gh ,nietzs*e _h a natural sympa?y ) ! symbolism ( fire & wat]1 ) ! rev]5ce = light & purity1 :i* m>k ! rites associat$ ) ! "n ( ! ,bactrian prophet2 he has "h all[$ himself to set =? 8 own ideas & ideals 9 ! free & oracul> mann] ( all anci5t scriptures1 & is ?us enabl$ to pres5t 8 visions 9 a concrete =m4 ,z>a?u/ra1 = ! fir/ & la/ "t1 gave scope to ! arti/ )9 ,nietzs*e1 & ) all its extravagance & imp]fection x mu/ rema9 = good or evil 8 mo/ p]sonal utt]ance4 ,x 0 foll[$ by ,j5seits von ,gut und ,bse1 ,zur ,g5ealogie d] ,moral1 ,d] ,fall ,wagn]1 & ,gtz5dmm]ung4 ,x is dur+ ?is p]iod t we trace ! gr[? ( ! magnification ( 8 own p]sonal mission :i* f9ally became a sort ( megalomania4 78,i h giv5 to m5 ! deepe/ book !y possess1 my ,z>a?u/ra10 he wrote t[>ds ! end47 ,9 =m ! books ( ?is p]iod are sometimes less fragm5t>y ?an ^? ( ! second p]iod2 9 sub/ance !y are m>k$ by _! emphatic1 (t5 extravagant1 almo/ reckless insi/5ce on c]ta9 views ( morality4 ,if 9 ! fir/ p]iod he 0 an apo/le ( culture1 9 ! second a free?9k]1 pron\nc+ judgm5t on all ?+s 9 heav5 & e>?1 he 0 n[ exclusively a morali/1 or1 z he w\ld pref] to say1 an immorali/4 ,x 0 dur+ ?is p]iod t he work$ out 8 8ma/] morality0--! duty to be /rong--9 opposition to ! 8slave morality0 ( ,*ri/ianity1 ) its glorification ( weakness & pity1 & t he consi/5tly s\ght to analyse & de/roy ! traditional conceptions ( good & evil on :i* our curr5t morality re/s4 ,! la/ "w :i* he plann$1 b nev] complet$1 0 a re-valuation ( all values1 ,umw]?ung all] ,w]!1 :i* w\ld h be5 8 f9al indictm5t ( ! mod]n _w1 & ! full /atem5t ( 8 own immoralism & ,dionysiac philosophy4 ,x is sometimes said t ,nietzs*e's ma/]y ( 8 ?\ght & /yle 0 increas+ up to ! la/4 ,?is ,i c sc>cely admit1 ev5 z reg>ds /yle4 ,no d\bt !re is at ! be/ a light & swift vig\r ( movem5t 9 ^! la/ writ+s :i* be=e he _h nev] atta9$4 ,he c p\r out n[ a %imm]+ /ream ( gold5 phrases ) :i* he has intoxicat$ himself1 & tries to intoxicate u4 ,we may l5d ourselves to ! *>m1 b x has no endur+ hold4 ,?is ma/] ( gay or bitt] invective no long] possesses ! ke5ly reason$ & pi]c+ insight ( ! e>li] ,nietzs*e4 ,we feel t he has become ! victim ( obsessions :i* drive him l a leaf be=e ! w9d1 & all 8 exub]ant wit is unsub/antial & pa!tic z t ( ,fal/aff4 ,! dev\r+ flame has at l5g? eat5 ! core out ( ! man & 8 /yle1 leav+ only ?is coruscat+ %ell4 ,& at a t\* ev5 ?is ?9 %ell collaps$ into sm\ld]+ emb]s4 ,f a *ild ,nietzs*e 0 subject to /rangely prophetic dreams4 ,9 a dream :i*1 :5 a boy1 he put into lit]>y =m1 he tells h[ he seem$ to be travell+ =w>d amid a glori\s l&scape1 :ile c>oll+ l>ks asc5d$ to ! cl\ds1 & 8 :ole life seem$ to /ret* be=e him 9 a vi/a ( happy ye>s2 8& sudd5ly a %rill cry rea*$ our e>s2 x came f ! neighb\r+ lunatic asylum40 ,ev5 9 #ahgf 8 fri5ds began to see t ,nietzs*e atta*$ extraord9>y importance to 8 own "w4 ,aft] he wrote ,z>a?u/ra1 ?is self-exaltation increas$1 & began to f9d expression 9 8 "w4 ,latt]ly1 x is said1 he came to reg>d himself z ! inc>nation ( ! g5ius ( humanity4 ,x has always be5 f\nd a t]rible matt] to w> ) ! moral sy/em ( "o's age2 x w h its rev5ge1 "o way or ano!r1 f )9 or f )\t1 :atev] happ5s aft]4 ,nietzs*e /rove = no?+ less ?an to remodel ! moral _w aft] 8 own he>t's desire1 & 8 bra9 0 p]i%+ ( exhau/ion 9 ! imm5se ef=t4 ,9 #ahhi--;at ! mom5t :5 8 "w at la/ began to attract att5tion--he became hopelessly insane4 ,a p]iod ( sev]e halluc9atory delirium l$ on to complete dem5tia1 & he passes beyond our sight4 ,,ii4 ,nietzs*e 0 by temp]am5t a philosoph] aft] ! mann] ( ! ,greeks4 ,9 o!r words1 philosophy 0 n to him1 z to ! av]age mod]n philosoph]1 a matt] ( books & ! /udy1 b a life to be liv$4 ,x seem$ to him to h mu* less conc]n ) 8tru?0 ?an ) ! ess5tials ( f9e liv+4 ,he lov$ travel & movem5t1 he lov$ sc5]y1 he lov$ cities & ! spectacle ( m52 above all1 he lov$ solitude4 ,! solitude ( cities drew him /rongly2 he envi$ ,h]aclitus 8 des]t /udy amid ! porticoes & p]i/yles ( ! imm5se temple ( ,diana4 ,he _h1 h[ev]1 8 own fav\rite place ( "w1 to :i* he (t5 alludes1 ! ,piazza di ,san ,m>co at ,v5ice1 amid ! doves1 9 front ( ! /range & beautiful /ructure :i* he 8lov$1 fe>$1 & envi$20 & "h 9 ! spr+1 betwe5 t5 o'clock & midday1 he f\nd 8 be/ philosophic laboratory4 ,x 0 9 ,italy t ,nietzs*e seems to h f\nd himself mo/ at home1 al?\gh !re are no signs t he felt any special sympa?y ) ! ,italians1 t is to say 9 lat] ?an ,r5aissance days4 ,= ! mo/ "p he possess$ v decid$ sympa?ies & antipa?ies4 ,8 antipa?y to 8 own ,g]mans lay 9 ! nature ( ?+s4 ,e prophet's message is prim>ily direct$ to 8 own p4 ,& ,nietzs*e 0 unsp>+ 9 8 ke5 criticism ( ! ,g]mans4 ,he tells some:]e ) a c]ta9 hum\r h[ p abroad w\ld ask him if ,g]many _h produc$ ( late no great ?9k] or arti/1 no really good book1 & h[ ) ! c\rage ( despair he w\ld at la/ reply1 8,yes1 ,bism>ck60 ,nietzs*e 0 will+ en\gh to recognise ! k9d ( virtue p]sonifi$ 9 ,bism>ck4 ,b ) t recognition ne>ly all 0 said 9 fav\r ( ,g]many t ,nietzs*e _h to say4 ,!re is little 9 ! ,g]man _s t answ]$ to 8 dem&s4 ,he admir$ cle>ness1 analytic precision1 & highly organis$ intellig5ce1 light & al]t4 ,he saw no suffici5t reason :y pr(undity %\ld lack a f9e sup]ficies1 nor :y /r5g? %\ld be unga9ly4 ,8 in/9ctive comp>ison = a good ?9k] 0 always a good danc]4 ,z a *ild he _h be5 /ruck by see+ a rope-danc]1 & ?r\gh\t life danc+ seem$ to him ! image ( ! f9e/ culture1 supple to b5d1 /rong to reta9 its own equilibrium1 an ex]cise dem&+ ! highe/ tra9+ & en]gy ( all ! muscles ( a well-knit organism4 ,b ! indubitable intellectual virtues ( ! bulky & plodd+ ,g]man are sc>cely ^? :i* c well be symbolis$ by an ,ot]o or a ,caic$o4 8,!re is too mu* be] 9 ! ,g]man intellect10 ,nietzs*e said4 ,= ! la/ t5 c5turies ,g]many has wilfully /ultifi$ h]self2 8n[h]e else has !re be5 s vici\s a misuse ( ! two great ,european n>cotics1 alcohol & ,*ri/ianity10 to :i* he 0 incl9$ to add music4 78,! !atre & music10 he rem>k$ 9 ,die ,frhli*e ,wiss5s*aft1 8are ! has*is* & betel ( ,europeans1 & ! hi/ory ( ! s-call$ high] culture is l>gely ! hi/ory ( n>cotics407 8,g]mans reg>d bad writ+10 he said1 8z a national privilege2 !y d n write prose z "o works at a /atue1 !y only improvise40 ,ev5 8,g]man virtue0--& ?is 0 ! unk9de/ cut ( all--_h its orig9 9 eighte5? c5tury ,france1 z its e>ly prea*]s1 su* z ,kant & ,s*ill]1 fully recognis$4 ,?us x happ5s t ! ,g]man has no p]ceptions--c\pl+ 8 ,goe! ) a ,s*ill]1 & 8 ,s*op5hau] ) a ,h>tmann--& no tact1 8no f+] = nuances10 8 f+]s are all claws4 ,! few p]sons ( high culture :om he _h met 9 ,g]many1 he not$ t[>ds ! end ( 8 life1 & especially ,frau ,cosima ,wagn]1 7 all ( ,fr5* orig94 ,nietzs*e reg>d$ x z m]ely an accid5t t he 0 himself born 9 ,g]many1 j z x 0 m]ely an accid5t t ,he9e ! ,jew1 & ,s*op5hau] ! ,dut*man1 7 born !re4 ,yet1 z ,i h already h9t$1 we may take ^! utt]ances too s]i\sly4 ,!re are passages 9 8 works--?\gh we meet !m r>ely--:i* %[ t ,nietzs*e recognis$ & admir$ ! elem5tal en]gy1 ! dep? & ! contradictions 9 ! ,g]man "*2 he attribut$ !m l>gely to mixture ( races4 ,nietzs*e 0 n mu* attract$ to ! ,engli%4 ,x is true t he names ,l&or z "o ( ! f\r ma/]s ( prose ?is c5tury has produc$1 :ile ano!r ( ^! is ,em]son1 ) :om he _h g5u9e aff9ity1 al?\gh 8 own intellect 0 ke5] & m passionate1 ) less sunny s]5ity4 ,= ,%akespe>e1 also1 8 admiration 0 deep4 ,& :5 he _h outgr[n 8 e>ly en?usiasm = ,s*op5hau]1 ! f9e qualities :i* he /ill recognis$ 9 t ?9k]--8 concret5ess1 lucidity1 reasonabl5ess--seem$ to him ,engli%4 ,he 0 usually less flatt]+ t[>ds ,engli% ?\ght4 ,d>w9ism1 = in/ance1 he ?\ght1 sav\r$ too mu* ( ! population "q1 & 0 inv5t$ by ,engli% m5 ( sci5ce :o 7 oppress$ by ! problems ( pov]ty4 ,! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 he said1 is only an exception 9 nature2 x is exub]ance1 an ev5 reckless sup]fluity1 :i* rules4 ,= ,engli% philosophic ?\ght g5]ally he _h little b contempt4 ,j4 ,s4 ,mill 0 "o ( 8 8impossibilities02 ! ,engli% & ,fr5* sociologi/s ( to-day1 he said1 h only kn[n deg5]at+ types ( society1 devoid ( organis+ =ce1 & !y take _! own debas$ in/9cts z ! /&>d ( social codes 9 g5]al4 ,mod]n democracy1 mod]n utilit>ianism1 are l>gely ( ,engli% manufacture1 & he came at la/ to hate !m bo?4 ,dur+ ! pa/ c5tury1 he ass]t$1 !y h r$uc$ ! :ole spiritual curr5cy ( ,europe to a dull plebeian level1 & !y are ! *ief causes ( ,european vulg>ity4 ,x is ! ,engli%1 he also ass]t$--,george ,eliot1 = in/ance--:o1 :ile aboli%+ ,*ri/ian belief1 h s\ght to bol/] up ! moral sy/em :i* 0 creat$ by ,*ri/ianity1 & :i* mu/ necess>ily fall ) x4 ,x is1 moreov]1 ! ,engli%1 :o ) ?is democratic & utilit>ian plebeianism h s$uc$ & p]v]t$ ! f9e g5ius ( ,france4 ,j z we owe to ,engl& ! vulg>ity :i* ?reat5s to ov]spread ,europe1 s to ,france we owe ! conception ( a habit ( nobility1 9 e be/ s5se ( ! ^w4 ,on t po9t ,nietzs*e's op9ion nev] wav]$4 ,! pres5t subjection ( ! ,fr5* _s to ?is damnable ,anglo-mania1 he decl>$1 mu/ nev] lead u to =get ! ard5t & passionate en]gy1 ! intellectual di/9ction1 :i* belong$ to ! ,france ( ! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies4#c ,! ,fr5*1 z ,nietzs*e always held1 are ! "o mod]n ,european nation :i* may be comp>$ ) ! ,greeks4 ,9 ,m5s*li*es1 ,allzum5s*li*es he names six ,fr5* writ]s--,montaigne1 ,la ,ro*ef\cauld1 ,la ,bruyre1 ,font5elle 79 ! ,dialogues des ,morts71 ,vauv5>ges1 ,*am=t--:o br+ u ne>] to ,greek antiquity ?an any o!r gr\p ( mod]n au?ors1 & conta9 m real ?\ght ?an all ! books ( ! ,g]man philosoph]s put toge!r4 ,! only ,fr5* writ] ( ! pres5t c5tury = :om he c>$ mu* 7putt+ aside ,mrime7 0 ,/5dhal1 :o possesses "s ( ! *>act]s ( ! e>li] gr\p4 ,! ,fr5*1 he po9ts out1 are ! mo/ ,*ri/ian ( all nations1 & h produc$ ! greate/ sa9ts4 ,he enum]ates ,pascal 78! fir/ among ,*ri/ians1 :o 0 able to unite f]v\r1 intellect1 & c&\r2--?9k ( :at t means6071 ,fnelon1 ,mme4 de ,guyon1 ,de ,ranc1 ! f\nd] ( ! ,trappi/s :o h fl\ri%$ n[h]e b 9 ,france1 ! ,hugu5ots1 ,port-,royal--truly1 he exclaims1 ! great ,fr5* free?9k]s enc\nt]$ foem5 wor?y ( _! /eel6 ,! l& :i* produc$ ! mo/ p]fect types ( ,anti-,*ri/ianity produc$ also ! mo/ p]fect types ( ,*ri/ianity4 ,he def5ds1 also1 t seem+ sup]ficiality :i* 9 a great ,fr5*man1 he says1 is b ! natural epid]mis ( a ri* & deep nature1 :ile a great ,g]man's pr(undity is too (t5 /rangely bottl$ up f ! light 9 a d>k & contort$ phial4 ,i h briefly /at$ ,nietzs*e's feel+ z reg>ds ea* ( ! ?ree *ief ,european peoples1 because we are ?us l$ up to ! c5tral po9ts ( 8 philosophy--8 attitude t[>ds mod]n religion & 8 attitude t[>ds mod]n morals4 ,we are (t5 apt to reg>d ^! matt]s z ( little practical importance2 we ?9k x ! reasonable duty ( practical social politics to att5d to ! imm$iate que/ions 9 h&1 & leave ^! wid] que/ions to settle !mselves4 ,rightly or wrongly1 t 0 n h[ ,nietzs*e look$ at ! matt]4 ,he 0 too mu* ( a philosoph]1 he _h too ke5 a s5se ( ! vital relation ( ?+s1 to be cont5t ) ! policy ( t9k]+ society1 :]ev] x seems to ne$ m5d+ mo/ badly1 avoid+ any ref]5ce to ! :ole4 ,t is our ,engli% me?od1 & no d\bt x is a v sane & safe me?od1 b1 z we h se51 ,nietzs*e 0 n 9 sympa?y ) ,engli% me?ods4 ,8 :ole significance lies 9 ! ?or\gh & passionate analysis ) :i* he s\ght to dissect & to dissolve1 fir/1 8,g]man culture10 !n ,*ri/ianity1 & la/ly1 mod]n morals1 ) all t ^! involve4 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to po9t out1 t ?\gh ,nietzs*e rejoic$ 9 ! title ( free?9k]1 he c by no means be conf\nd$ ) ! ord9>y secul>i/4 ,he is n b5t on de/roy+ religion f any an/hesia ( ! religi\s s5se1 or ev5 9 ord] to set up "s religion ( sci5ce :i* is practically no religion at all4 ,he is ?us on diff]5t gr\nd f ! great free?9k]s ( ,france1 & to "s ext5t ( ,engl&4 ,nietzs*e 0 himself ( ! /uff ( :i* great religi\s tea*]s are made1 ( ! race ( apo/les4 ,s :5 he writes ( ! f\nd] ( ,*ri/ianity & ! great ,*ri/ian types1 x is (t5 ) a poignant sympa?y :i* ! secul>i/ c nev] "k2 & if 8 knife seems ke5 & cruel1 x is n ! easy indiff]5t cruelty ( ! pa*yd]mat\s sc(f]4 ,:5 he analyses ! s\ls ( ^! m5 & ! impulses :i* h mov$ !m1 he kn[s ) :at he is deal+3 he is analys+ 8 own s\l4 ,a my/ic ,nietzs*e c]ta9ly 0 n2 he _h no moods ( joy\s resignation4 ,x is *iefly ! religi\s ec/asy ( active moral en]gy t he 0 at "o )4 ,! sword ( ! _s is 8 weapon r ?an ! m]ely def5sive brea/plate ( fai?4 ,/4 ,paul is ! consummate type ( su* religi\s =ces1 & :atev] ,nietzs*e wrote ( t apo/le--! inv5tor ( ,*ri/ianity1 z he truly calls him--is peculi>ly int]e/+4 ,he hates him1 inde$1 b ev5 8 hatr$ ?rills ) a tone ( intimate sympa?y4 ,x is ?us 9 a rem>kable passage 9 ,morg5r!1 :]e he tells briefly ! hi/ory & /ruggles ( t importunate s\l1 s sup]/iti\s & yet s %rewd1 )\t :om !re w\ld h be5 no ,*ri/ianity4 ,he describes ! self-torture ( ! neurotic1 s5sual1 ref9$ 8,jewi% ,pascal10 :o flagellat$ himself ) ! law t he came to hate ) ! hatr$ ( "o :o _h a g5ius = hatr$2 :o 9 "o dazzl+ fla% ( illum9ation realis$ t ,jesus by accompli%+ ! law _h annihilat$ x1 & s furni%$ him ) ! in/rum5t he desir$ to wreak 8 passionate hatr$ on ! law1 & to revel 9 ! fre$om ( 8 joy4 ,nietzs*e possesses a natural insight 9 prob+ ! w\nds ( self-tortur+ s\ls4 ,he excels also 9 describ+ ! effects ( extreme pa9 9 *as+ away ! mi/s f life1 9 %[+ to a man 8 own nak$ p]sonality1 9 br++ u face to face ) ! cold & t]rible fact4 ,x is ?us t1 c\pl+ ! greate/ figure 9 hi/ory ) ! greate/ figure 9 fiction1 he comp>es ! pa!tic utt]ance ( ,jesus on ! cross--8,my ,god1 my ,god1 :y ha/ ?\ =sak5 me80--) ! disillusionm5t ( ! dy+ ,don ,quixote4 ,( ,jesus himself he speaks no h>% ^w1 b he reg>d$ ! atmosph]e ( ,roman decay & languor--?\gh v fav\rable = ! production ( f9e p]sonalities--z ill-adapt$ to ! developm5t ( a great religion4 ,! ,gospels lead u into ! atmosph]e ( a ,russian novel1 he rem>ks 9 "o ( 8 la/ writ+s1 ,d] ,anti*ri/1 an atmosph]e 9 :i* ! figure ( ,jesus _h to be co>s5$ to be und]/ood2 x became m\ld$ 9 m5's m9ds by memories ( m famili> types--prophet1 ,messiah1 wond]-work]1 judge2 ! real man !y c\ld n ev5 see4 8,x mu/ ev] be a matt] = regret t no ,do/oievsky liv$ 9 ! neighb\rhood ( ?is mo/ int]e/+ dcad5t1 ,i mean "s "o :o c\ld und]/& ! en?rall+ *>m ( j ?is mixture ( ! sublime1 ! morbid1 & ! *ildlike40 ,jesus1 he cont9ues1 nev] d5i$ ! _w1 ! /ate1 culture1 "w2 he simply nev] knew or realis$ _! exi/5ce2 8 own inn] exp]i5ce--8life10 8light10 8tru?0--0 all 9 all to him4 ,! only realities to him 7 inn] realities1 s liv+ t !y make "o feel 89 ,heav50 & 8et]nal02 ?is x 0 to be 8sav$40 ,& ,nietzs*e notes1 z s _m h not$ be=e him1 t ! fact t m5 %\ld b[ ! knee 9 ,*ri/'s "n to ! v opposite ( all ^! ?+s1 & consecrate 9 ! 8,*ur*0 all t he ?rew beh9d him1 is an insoluble example ( hi/orical irony4 8,/rictly speak+1 !re has only be5 "o ,*ri/ian1 & he di$ on ! cross4 ,! ,gospel di$ on ! cross40 ,!re may seem a sav\r ( contempt 9 ! allusion to ,jesus z an 8int]e/+ dcad5t10 & und\bt$ly !re is 9 ,d] ,anti*ri/ a passionate bitt]ness :i* is n f\nd 9 ,nietzs*e's e>li] books4 ,b he habitually us$ ! ^w dcad5t 9 a some:at ext5d$ & peculi> s5se4 ,! dcad5t1 z ,nietzs*e und]/ood him1 0 ! product ( an age 9 :i* virility 0 dead & weakness 0 sanctifi$2 x 0 s ) ! ,buddhi/ z well z ) ! ,*ri/ian1 !y bo? owe _! orig9 & _! progress to 8"s mon/r\s disease ( w40 ,!y sprang up among creatures :o crav$ = "s 8,?\ %alt10 & :o 7 apt only = t "o =m ( en]gy :i* ! weak possess1 fanaticism4 ,by an in/9ct :i* may be reg>d$ z s\nd by ^? :o d n accept 8 disp>agem5t ( ei!r1 ,nietzs*e always c\pl$ ! ,*ri/ian & ! an>*i/2 to him !y 7 bo? products ( decad5ce4 ,bo? wi% to rev5ge _! own discom=t on ?is pres5t _w1 he ass]t$1 ! an>*i/ imm$iately1 ! ,*ri/ian at ! la/ day4 ,in/ead ( feel+1 8,i am wor? no?+10 ! dcad5t says1 8,life is wor? no?+10--a t]ribly contagi\s /ate ( m9d :i* has cov]$ ! _w ) ! vitality ( a tropical jungle4 ,x _c be too (t5 repeat$1 ,nietzs*e cont9ues1 t ,*ri/ianity 0 born ( ! decay ( antiquity1 & on ! deg5]ate p ( t "t x work$ l a soo?+ balm2 _! eyes & e>s 7 seal$ by age & !y c\ld no long] und]/& ,epicurus & ,epictetus4 ,at su* a "t purity & b5efic5ce1 l>ge promises ( future life1 work$ sweetly & :olesomely4 ,b = fre% "y b>b>ians ,*ri/ianity is poison4 ,x produces a fundam5tal enfeeblem5t ( su* h]oic1 *ildlike1 & animal natures z ! anci5t ,g]mans1 & to t enfeeblem5t1 inde$1 we owe ! revival ( classic culture2 s t ! conclusion ( ! :ole matt] is "h1 z ev]1 ,nietzs*e rem>ks1 t 8x is impossible to say :e!r1 9 ! language ( ,*ri/ianity1 ,god owes m ?anks to ! ,devil1 or ! ,devil to ,god1 = ! way 9 :i* ?+s h come ab\t40 ,b 9 ! int]action ( ! classic _s & ! ,*ri/ian _s1 ,nietzs*e's own in/9cts 7 n on ! side ( ,*ri/ianity1 & z ! ye>s w5t on he expresses himself 9 ev] m unmeasur$ language4 ,he c\ld n take up ! ,imitation ( ,*ri/--! v ^w 8imitation0 be+1 z inde$ ,mi*elet _h said be=e1 ! :ole ( ,*ri/ianity--)\t physical repugnance4 ,& 9 ! ,gtz5dmm]ung he comp>es ! ,bible ) ! ,laws ( ,manu 7?\gh at ! same "t ass]t+ t x is a s9 to "n ! two books 9 ! same brea?73 8,! sun lies on ! :ole book4 ,all ^? ?+s on :i* ,*ri/ianity v5ts its bottomless vulg>ity--procreation1 = example1 woman1 m>riage--are "h h&l$ e>ne/ly & rev]5tly1 ) love & tru/4 ,i "k no book 9 :i* s _m t5d] & graci\s ?+s are said ab\t wom5 z 9 ! ,laws ( ,manu40 ,aga9 9 ,d] ,anti*ri/--:i* repres5ts1 ,i repeat1 ! unbalanc$ judgm5ts ( 8 la/ p]iod--he tells h[ he turns f ,paul ) delight to ,petronius1 a book ( :i* x c be said tutto fe/o1 8immortally s\nd1 immortally s]5e40 ,9 ! :ole ,new ,te/am5t1 he adds1 !re is only "o figure we c g5u9ely hon\r--t ( ,pilate4 ,on ! :ole1 ,nietzs*e's attitude t[>ds ,*ri/ianity 0 "o ( repulsion & antagonism4 ,at fir/ he appe>s indiff]5t1 !n he becomes calmly judicial1 f9ally he is bitt]ly ho/ile4 ,he admits t ,*ri/ianity possesses ! virtues ( a cunn+ly concoct$ n>cotic to soo! ! lead5 griefs & depressions ( m5 ^: s\ls are physiologically weak4 ,b f fir/ to la/ !re is no sign ( any g5u9e p]sonal sympa?y ) ! religion ( ! poor 9 _s4 ,epicureanism1 ! pagan doctr9e ( salvation1 _h 9 x an elem5t ( ,greek en]gy1 b ! ,*ri/ian doctr9e ( salvation1 he decl>es1 raises its sublime developm5t ( h$onism on a ?or\ghly morbid f\ndation4 ,*ri/ianity hates ! body2 ! fir/ act ( ,*ri/ian triumph ov] ! ,moors1 he recalls1 0 to close ! public ba?s :i* !y _h ev]y:]e erect$4 8,) its contempt = ! body ,*ri/ianity 0 ! greate/ mis=tune t ev] befell humanity40 ,& at ! end ( ,d] ,anti*ri/ he sums up 8 conc5trat$ hatr$3 8,i condemn ,*ri/ianity2 ,i raise aga9/ ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur* ! mo/ t]rible accusation t any accus] has ev] utt]$4 ,x is to me ! mo/ pr(\nd ( all ?9kable corruptions40 ,x is sc>cely necess>y to add t ,nietzs*e's condemnation ( ,*ri/ianity ext5d$ to ! ,*ri/ian ,god4 ,he ev5 w5t s f> z to ass]t t x 0 ! developm5t ( ,*ri/ian morality itself--8! fa!r-confessor s5sitiv5ess ( ! ,*ri/ian consci5ce translat$ & sublim$ into a sci5tific consci5ce0--:i* _h f9ally conqu]$ ! ,*ri/ian ,god4 ,he held t poly!ism _h play$ an important "p 9 ! evolution ( culture4 ,gods1 h]oes1 sup]natural be+s g5]ally1 7 ine/imable s*oolma/]s to br+ u to ! sov]eignty ( ! individual4 ,poly!ism op5$ up div9e horizons ( fre$om to humanity4 8,ye %all be z gods40 ,b x has n be5 s ) mono!ism4 ,! doctr9e ( a s+le ,god1 9 ^: pres5ce all o!rs 7 false gods1 fav\rs /agnation & unity ( type2 mono!ism has ?us p]haps con/itut$ 8! greate/ dang] :i* humanity has _h to meet 9 pa/ ages40 ,nor are we yet fre$ f its influ5ce4 8,= c5turies aft] ,buddha di$ m5 %[$ 8 %ad[ 9 a cave--a va/ t]rible %ad[4 ,god is dead3 b ?\s&s ( ye>s h5ce !re w probably be caves 9 :i* 8 %ad[ may yet be se54 ,& we--we mu/ g on fight+ t %ad[60 ,h[ deeply root$ ,nietzs*e believ$ fai? 9 a god to be is %[n by ! fanta/ic conclusion to ,z>a?u/ra4 ,a /range collection ( ,ueb]m5s*5--! m5 ( ! future--are ga!r$ toge!r 9 ,z>a?u/ra's cave3 two k+s1 ! la/ ( ! popes--?r[n out ( "w by ! dea? ( ,god--& _m miscellane\s creatures1 includ+ a donkey4 ,z ,z>a?u/ra returns to 8 cave he he>s ! s\nd ( pray] & smells ! od\r ( inc5se2 on ent]+ he f9ds ! ,ueb]m5s*5 on _! knees inton+ an extraord9>y litany to ! donkey1 :o has 8creat$ u all 9 8 own image40 ,9 8 opposition to ! ,*ri/ian fai? & ! ,*ri/ian ,god1 ,nietzs*e by no means /&s alone1 h[ev] indep5d5t he may h be5 9 ! me?od & /&po9t ( 8 attack4 ,b 9 8 opposition to ,*ri/ian morality he 0 m radically orig9al4 ,!re is a v g5]al t5d5cy among ^? :o reject ,*ri/ian !ology to %ore up ! sup]/ructure ( ,*ri/ian morality :i* re/s on t !ology4 ,george ,eliot1 9 h] writ+s at all ev5ts1 has be5 an eloqu5t & di/+ui%$ advocate ( ?is process2 ,mr4 ,my]s1 9 an (t-quot$ passage1 has describ$ ) consid]able melodramatic vig\r ! 8sibyl 9 ! gloom0 ( ! ,tr9ity ,fell[s' ,g>d5 at ,cambridge1 :o )drew ,god & ,immortality f 8 grasp1 b1 to 8 con/]nation1 told him to g on obey+ ,duty4 ,:at ,george ,eliot propos$ 0 "o ( ^? compromises s de> to our ,briti% m9ds4 ,nietzs*e w\ld none ( x4 ,h5ce 8 contemptu\s treatm5t ( ,george ,eliot1 ( ,j4 ,s4 ,mill1 ( ,h]b]t ,sp5c]1 & s _m m ( our fav\rite intellectual h]oes :o h /riv5 to pres]ve ,*ri/ian morality :ile d5y+ ,*ri/ian !ology4 ,nietzs*e reg>d$ our curr5t moral ideals1 :e!r =mulat$ by bi%ops or by an>*i/s1 z alike f\nd$ on a ,*ri/ian basis1 & :5 t f\ndation is sapp$ !y _c /&4 ,! motive ( mod]n morality is pity1 its pr9ciple is altrui/ic1 its motto is 8,love y\r neighb\r z y\rself10 its ideal self-abnegation1 its end ! greate/ good ( ! greate/ numb]4 ,all ^! ?+s 7 abhorr5t to ,nietzs*e1 or s f> z he accept$ !m1 x 0 9 =ms :i* gave !m new values4 ,mod]n morality1 he said1 is f\nd$ on an extravagant dread ( pa91 9 ourselves prim>ily1 second>ily 9 o!rs4 ,sympa?y is fell[-suff]+2 to love "o's neighb\r z oneself is to dread 8 pa9 z we dread our own pa94 ,! religion ( love is built ^u ! fe> ( pa94 8,on n'e/ bon que p> la piti20 ! acceptance ( t doctr9e ,nietzs*e consid]s ! *ief outcome ( ,*ri/ianity1 al?\gh1 he ?9ks1 n ess5tial to ,*ri/ianity1 :i* re/$ on ! egoi/ic basis ( p]sonal salvation3 8,"o ?+ is ne$ful40 ,b x rema9s ! mo/ important by-product ( ,*ri/ianity1 & has ev] be5 ga9+ /r5g?4 ,sp9oza & ,kant /ood firmly outside ! /ream1 b ! ,fr5* free?9k]s1 f ,voltaire onw>ds1 7 n to be outdone 9 ?is direction by ,*ri/ians1 :ile ,comte ) 8 8,vivre p\r autrui0 ev5 out-,*ri/ianis$ ,*ri/ianity1 & ,s*op5hau] 9 ,g]many1 ,j4 ,s4 ,mill 9 ,engl&1 c>ri$ on ! same doctr9e4 8,! great "q ( life10 said ,b5jam9 ,con/ant 9 ,adolphe--& x is a say+ t our f9e/ emotions are quick to e*o--8is ! pa9 t we cause40 ,bo? ! sympa!tic man & ! unsympa!tic man1 ,nietzs*e argues1 are egoi/s4 ,b ! unsympa!tic man he held to be a m admirable k9d ( egoi/4 ,x is be/ to w9 ! /r5g? t comes ( exp]i5ce & suff]+1 & to all[ o!rs also to play _! own c>ds & w9 ! same /r5g?1 %$d+ our te>s 9 private1 & abhorr+ s(t-he>t$ness z ! foe ( all manhood & c\rage4 ,to call ! unsympa!tic man 8wick$10 & ! sympa!tic man 8good10 seem$ to ,nietzs*e a fa%ion 9 morals1 a fa%ion :i* w h its day4 ,he believ$ he 0 ! fir/ to po9t out ! dang] ( ! prevail+ fa%ion z a sort ( moral impressionism1 ! outcome ( ! hyp]/hesia peculi> to p]iods ( decad5ce4 ,n inde$ t ,*ri/ianity is1 or c\ld be1 c>ri$ out among u to its fulle/ ext5t3 8,t w\ld be a s]i\s matt]4 ,if we 7 ev] to become ! object to o!rs ( ! same /upidities & importunities :i* !y exp5d on !mselves1 we %\ld flee wildly z soon z we saw our #8neighb\r' approa*1 & curse sympa?y z he>tily z we n[ curse egoism40 ,our deepe/ & mo/ p]sonal griefs1 ,nietzs*e rem>ks else:]e1 rema9 unreveal$ & incompreh5sible to ne>ly all o!r p]sons1 ev5 to ! 8neighb\r0 :o eats out ( ! same di% ) u4 ,& ev5 ?\gh my grief %\ld become visible1 ! de> sympa!tic neighb\r c "k no?+ ( its complexity & results1 ( ! organic economy ( my s\l4 ,t my grief may be b\nd up ) my happ9ess tr\bles him little4 ,! devotee ( ! 8religion ( pity0 w heal my sorr[s )\t a mom5t's delay2 he kn[s n t ! pa? to my ,heav5 mu/ lie ?r\gh my own ,hell1 t happ9ess & unhapp9ess are tw9 si/]s :o gr[ up toge!r1 or rema9 /unt$ toge!r4 8,morality is ! mob-in/9ct work+ 9 ! individual40 ,x re/s1 ,nietzs*e ass]ts1 on two ?\ghts3 8! community is wor? m ?an ! individual10 & 8a p]man5t advantage is bett] ?an a tempor>y advantage20 :5ce x foll[s t all ! advantages ( ! community are pref]able to ^? ( ! individual4 ,morality ?us becomes a /r+ ( negative injunctions1 a s]ies ( 8,?\ %alt nots10 ) sc>cely a positive comm& among/ !m2 witness ! well-kn[n table ( ,jewi% comm&m5ts4 ,n[ ,nietzs*e c\ld n endure m]e negative virtues4 ,he res5t$ ! subtle *ange :i* has tak5 place 9 ! v mean+ ( ! ^w 8virtue10 & :i* has p]v]t$ x f an expression ( positive mascul9e qualities into "o ( m]ely negative fem99e qualities4 ,9 8 e>lie/ essay he ref]r$ to 8active s90 z ! ,prome!an virtue :i* di/+ui%es ! ,aryans4 ,! only moral codes t comm5d$ !mselves to him 7 ^? t conta9$ positive comm&s alone3 8,d ?is6 ,d x ) all y\r he>t1 & all y\r /r5g?1 & all y\r dreams6--& all o!r ?+s %all be tak5 away f y60 ,= if we are truly devot$ to ! ?+s t are good to d we ne$ tr\ble ourselves little ab\t ! ?+s t are good to leave undone4 ,nietzs*e comp>$ himself to a mole bor+ d[n into ! gr\nd & und]m9+ :at philosoph]s h = a c\ple ( ?\s& ye>s consid]$ ! v sure/ gr\nd to build on--! tru/ 9 morals4 ,"o ( 8 fav\rite me?ods ( attack is by ! analysis ( ! 8consci5ce40 ,he po9ts out t :atev] we 7 regul>ly requir$ to d 9 y\? by ^? we hon\r$ & fe>$ creat$ our 8good consci5ce40 ,! dictates ( consci5ce1 h[ev] urg5t1 ?us h no true validity z reg>ds ! p]son :o exp]i5ces !m4 8,b10 "s "o prote/s1 8mu/ we n tru/ our feel+s80 8,yes10 replies ,nietzs*e1 8tru/ y\r feel+s1 b /ill rememb] t ! inspiration :i* spr+s f feel+s is ! gr&*ild ( an op9ion1 (t5 a false "o1 & 9 any case n y\r own4 ,to tru/ "o's feel+s--t means to yield m ob$i5ce to "o's gr&fa!r & gr&mo!r & _! gr&p>5ts ?an to ! gods )9 our own brea/s3 our own reason & our own exp]i5ce40 ,fai? 9 au?ority is ?us ! s\rce ( consci5ce2 x is n ! voice ( ,god 9 ! human he>t b ! voice ( man4 ,! sph]e ( ! moral is ! sph]e ( tradition1 & a man is moral because he is dep5d5t on a tradition & n on himself4 ,orig9ally ev]y?+ 0 )9 ! sph]e ( morals1 & x 0 only possible to escape f t sph]e by becom+ a law-giv]1 m$ic9e-man1 demigod--t is to say by mak+ morals4 ,to be cu/om>y is to be moral1--,i /ill closely foll[ ,nietzs*e's ?\ght & expression1--to be individual is to be wick$4 ,e k9d ( orig9ality involves a bad consci5ce4 ,nietzs*e insi/s ) f9e eloqu5ce1 aga9 & aga91 t e good gift t has be5 giv5 to man put a bad consci5ce into ! he>t ( ! giv]4 ,e good ?+ 0 once new1 unaccu/om$1 immoral1 & gnaw$ at ! vitals ( ! f9d] l a worm4 ,primitive m5 liv$ 9 hordes1 & mu/ obey ! horde-voice )9 !m4 ,e new doctr9e is wick$4 ,sci5ce has always come into ! _w ) a bad consci5ce1 ) ! emotions ( a crim9al1 at lea/ ( a smuggl]4 ,no man c be disob$i5t to cu/om & n be immoral1 & feel t he is immoral4 ,! arti/1 ! actor1 ! m]*ant1 ! free?9k]1 ! discov]]1 7 once all crim9als1 & 7 p]secut$1 cru%$1 r5d]$ morbid1 z all p]sons mu/ be :5 _! virtues are n ! virtues idealis$ by ! community4 ,! :ole ph5om5a ( morals are animal-l1 & h _! orig9 9 ! se>* = prey & ! avoidance ( pursuit4 ,progress is ?us a gradual emancipation f morals4 ,we h to recognise ! s]vices ( ! m5 :o fight 9 ?is /ruggle aga9/ morals1 & :o are cru%$ into ! ranks ( crim9als4 ,n t we ne$ pity !m4 8,x is a new ju/ice t is call$ =1 a new mot d'ordre4 ,we ne$ new philosoph]s4 ,! moral _w also is r\nd4 ,! moral _w also has its antipodes1 & ! antipodes also h _! "r to exi/4 ,a new _w rema9s to be discov]$--& m ?an "o6 ,hoi/ sail1 ,o philosoph]s60 8,m5 mu/ become bo? bett] & wick$]40 ,s spake ,z>a?u/ra2 or1 z he else:]e has x1 8,x is ) man z ) a tree1 ! high] he w\ld climb into ! brightness above1 ! m vigor\sly 8 roots mu/ /rive e>?w>ds1 d[nw>ds1 into ! d>kness & ! dep?s--into ! wick$40 ,wick$ness is j z indisp5sable z goodness4 ,x is ! pl\gh%>e ( wick$ness :i* turns up & f]tilises ! exhau/$ fields ( goodness4 ,we mu/ no long] be afraid to be wick$2 we mu/ no long] be afraid to be h>d4 8,only ! noble/ ?+s are v h>d4 ,?is new comm&1 ,o my bro!rs1 ,i lay ^u y--become h>d40 ,9 r5ew+ our moral ideas we ne$ also to r5ew our :ole conception ( ! function & value ( morals4 ,nietzs*e advises morali/s to *ange _! tactics3 8,d5y moral values1 deprive !m ( ! applause ( ! cr[d1 create ob/acles to _! free circulation2 let !m be ! %ame-fac$ secrets ( a few solit>y s\ls2 =bid morality6 ,9 s do+ y may p]haps accr$it ^! ?+s among ! only m5 :om "o ne$ h on "o's side1 ,i mean h]oic m54 ,let x be said ( morality to-day z ,mei/] ,eck>d said3 #8,i pray ,god t he may rid me ( ,god6'0 ,we h altoge!r ov]-e/imat$ ! importance ( morality4 ,*ri/ianity knew bett] :5 x plac$ 8grace0 above morals1 & s also did ,buddhism4 ,& if we turn to lit]ature1 ,nietzs*e ma9ta9s1 x is a va/ mi/ake to suppose t1 = in/ance1 great trag$ies h1 or 7 int5d$ to h1 any moral effect4 ,look at ,macbe?1 at ,tri/an und ,isolde1 at dipus4 ,9 all ^! cases x w\ld h be5 easy to make guilt ! pivot ( ! drama4 ,b ! great poet is 9 love ) passion4 8,he calls to u3 ,x is ! *>m ( *>ms2 ?is excit+1 *ang+1 dang]\s1 gloomy1 yet (t5 sun-fill$ exi/5ce6 ,x is an adv5ture to live--take ?is side or t1 x w always be ! same6' ,s he speaks to u out ( a re/less & vigor\s "t1 half drunk5 & daz$ ) excess ( blood & en]gy1 out ( a wick$] "t ?an ours is2 & we are oblig$ to set to rights ! aim ( a ,%akespe>e & make x righte\s1 t is to say1 to misund]/& x40 ,we h to recognise a div]sity ( moral ideals4 ,no?+ is m pr(\ndly dang]\s ?an1 ) ,kant1 to create imp]sonal categorical imp]atives aft] ! ,*9ese fa%ion1 to g5]alise 8virtue10 8duty10 & 8goodness10 & sacrifice !m to ! ,molo* ( ab/raction4 8,e man mu/ f9d 8 own virtue1 8 own categorical imp]ative20 x mu/ be f\nd$ on inn] necessity1 on deep p]sonal *oice4 ,only ! simpleton says3 8,m5 ought to be l ?is or l t40 ,! real _w pres5ts to u a dazzl+ weal? ( types1 a prodigi\s play ( =ms & metamorphoses4 ,yet up comes a poor devil ( a morali/1 & says to u3 8,no6 m5 ought to be some?+ q diff]5t60 & /raightway he pa9ts a picture ( himself on ! wall1 & exclaims3 8,ecce homo60 ,b "o ?+ is ne$ful1 t a man %\ld atta9 ! fulle/ satisfaction4 ,e man mu/ be 8 own morali/4 ,^! views might be reg>d$ z 8lax10 z pr$ispos+ to easy self-indulg5ce4 ,nietzs*e w\ld h smil$ at su* a notion4 ,n yield+1 b ma/]+1 0 ! key to 8 p]sonal morality4 8,e day is badly sp5t10 he said1 89 :i* a man has n once d5i$ himself2 ?is gymna/ic is inevitable if a man w reta9 ! joy ( be+ 8 own ma/]40 ,! f\r c>d9al virtues1 z ,nietzs*e und]/ood morals1 are s9c]ity1 c\rage1 g5]osity1 & c\rtesy4 8,d :at y w10 said ,z>a?u/ra1 8b fir/ be "o ( ^? :o are able to w4 ,love y\r neighb\r z y\rself--b fir/ be "o ( ^? :o are able to love !mselves40 ,& aga9 ,z>a?u/ra spoke3 8,he :o belongs to me mu/ be /rong ( bone & light ( foot1 eag] = fight & = fea/1 no sulk]1 no ,john o' ,dreams1 z ready = ! h>de/ task z = a fea/1 s\nd & hale4 ,! be/ ?+s belong to me & m9e1 & if m5 give u no?+1 !n we take !m3 ! be/ food1 ! pure/ sky1 ! /ronge/ ?\ghts1 ! faire/ wom560 ,!re 0 no desire "h to suppress ef=t & pa94 ,t ,nietzs*e reg>d$ z a m>k ( mod]n ,*ri/ian morals4 ,x is pa91 m pa9 & deep]1 t we ne$4 ,! discipl9e ( suff]+ alone creates man's pre-em95ce4 8,man unites 9 himself ! creature & ! creator3 !re is 9 him ! /uff ( ?+s1 ! fragm5t>y & ! sup]flu\s1 clay1 mud1 madness1 *aos2 b !re is also 9 him ! creator1 ! sculptor1 ! h>dness ( ! hamm]1 ! div9e bless$ness ( ! spectator on ! sev5? day40 ,d y pity1 he asks1 :at mu/ be fa%ion$1 brok51 =g$1 ref9$ z by fire8 ,b our pity is sp5t on "o ?+ alone1 ! mo/ effem9ate ( all weaknesses--pity4 ,?is 0 ! s\rce ( ,nietzs*e's admiration = w>1 & indiff]5ce to its horror2 he reg>d$ x z ! symbol ( t spiritual w>f>e & blood%$ 9 :i* to him all human progress consi/$4 ,he might1 _h he pleas$1 h said ) ! ,jew & ! ,*ri/ian1 t )\t %$d+ ( blood !re %all be no remission ( s9s4 ,b ) a diff]5ce1 = z he look$ at ! matt]1 e man mu/ be 8 own savi\r1 & x is 8 own blood t mu/ be %$2 !re is no salvation by proxy4 ,t 0 express$ 9 8 fav\rite motto3 ,virescit voln]e virtus4 ,nietzs*e's ideal man is ! man ( ,epictetus1 z he describes him 9 ,morg5r!1 ! laconic1 brave1 self-conta9$ man1 n lu/+ aft] expression l ! mod]n ideali/4 ,! man :om ,epictetus lov$ hat$ fanaticism1 he hat$ notoriety1 he knew h[ to smile4 ,& ! be/ 01 add$ ,nietzs*e1 t he _h no fe> ( ,god be=e 8 eyes2 he believ$ firmly 9 reason1 & reli$1 n on div9e grace1 b on himself4 ,( all ,%akespe>e's plays ,julius ,cs> seem$ to ,nietzs*e ! greate/1 because x glorifies ,brutus2 ! f9e/ ?+ t c be said 9 ,%akespe>e's hon\r1 ,nietzs*e ?\ght1 0 t--aid$ p]haps by "s secret & intimate exp]i5ce--he believ$ 9 ,brutus & ! virtues t ,brutus p]sonifi$4 ,9 c\rse ( "t1 h[ev]1 :ile n los+ 8 sympa?y ) ,/oicism1 x 0 ,epicureanism1 ! h]oic aspects ( ,epicureanism1 :i* *iefly appeal$ to ,nietzs*e4 ,he reg>d$ ,epicurus z "o ( ! _w's greate/ m51 ! discov]] ( ! h]oically idyllic me?od ( liv+ a philosophy2 = "o to :om happ9ess c\ld nev] be m ?an an un5d+ self-discipl9e1 & ^: ideal ( life _h ev] be5 t ( a spiritual nomad1 ! me?ods ( ,epicurus seem$ to yield ! f9e/ secrets ( good liv+4 ,socrates1 ) 8 joy 9 life & 9 himself1 0 also an object ( ,nietzs*e's admiration4 ,among lat] ?9k]s1 ,helvetius appeal$ to him /rongly4 ,goe! & ,napoleon 7 naturally among 8 fav\rite h]oes1 z 7 ,alcibiades & ,cs>4 ,! late/ great age ( h]oes 0 to him ! ,italian ,r5aissance4 ,!n came ,lu!r1 oppos+ ! rights ( ! peasants1 yet himself initiat+ a peasants' revolt ( ! intellect1 & prep>+ ! way = t %all[ plebeianism ( ! _s :i* has m>k$ ! la/ two c5turies4 ,latt]ly1 9 trac+ ! g5ealogy ( mod]n morals1 ,nietzs*e's op9ions h>d5$ into a =mula4 ,he recognis$ ?ree /ages ( moral evolution3 fir/1 ! pre-moral p]iod ( primitive times1 :5 ! bea/ ( prey 0 ! model ( conduct1 & ! wor? ( an action 0 judg$ by its results4 ,!n came ! moral p]iod1 :5 ! wor? ( an action 0 judg$ n by its results1 b by its orig92 ?is p]iod has be5 ! triumph ( :at ,nietzs*e calls slave-morality1 ! morality ( ! mob2 ! goodness & badness ( actions is det]m9$ by atavism1 at be/ by survivals2 e man is occupi$ 9 lay+ d[n laws = 8 neighb\r in/ead ( = himself1 & all are tam$ & *a/is$ into weakness 9 ord] t !y may be able to obey ^! prescriptions4 ,nietzs*e +5i\sly connect$ 8 slave-morality ) ! accept$ fact t = _m c5turies ! l>ge1 fair-hair$ ari/ocratic race has be5 dy+ out 9 ,europe1 & ! old] d[n-trodd5 race--%ort1 d>k1 & broad-head$--has be5 sl[ly ga9+ pr$om9ance4 ,b n[ we /& at ! ?re%old ( ! extra-moral p]iod4 ,slave-morality1 ,nietzs*e ass]t$1 is ab\t to give way to ma/]-morality2 ! lion w take ! place ( ! camel4 ,! in/9cts ( life1 refus+ to all[ t any?+ is =bidd51 w aga9 ass]t !mselves1 sweep+ away ! feeble negative democratic morality ( our "t4 ,! day has n[ come = ! man :o is able to rule himself1 & :o w be tol]ant to o!rs n out ( 8 weakness1 b out ( 8 /r5g?2 to him no?+ is =bidd51 = he has pass$ beyond goodness & beyond wick$ness4 ,,iii4 ,s f> ,i h attempt$ to foll[ ) little or no comm5t :at seems to me ! ma9 curr5t ( ,nietzs*e's ?\ght4 ,x may be admitt$ t !re is "s "q z to :i* is ! ma9 curr5t4 ,= my own "p ,i h no hesitation 9 ass]t+ t x is ! curr5t :i* exp&s to its fulle/ ext5t betwe5 #ahgf & #ahhc 9 :at ,i t]m ,nietzs*e's second or middle p]iod2 up to !n he _h n ga9$ complete individuality2 aft]w>ds began ! p]iod ( uncontroll$ ab]rations4 ,?us ,i am incl9$ to pass lightly ov] ! ?ird p]iod1 dur+ :i* ! conception ( 8ma/]-morality0 atta9$ its *ief & mo/ rigid emphasis1 al?\gh ,i ga!r t to ,nietzs*e's disciples z to 8 foes ?is conception seems ( prim>y importance4 ,?is idea ( 8ma/]-morality0 is 9 fact a solid fossilis$ *unk1 easy to h&le = fri5dly or unfri5dly h&s4 ,! e>li] & m liv+ "w--! "w ( ! man :o truly said t x is ) ?9k]s z ) snakes3 ^? t _c %$ _! sk9s die--is less obvi\sly tangible4 ,s ! 8ma/]-morality0 x is t y\r true ,nietzs*ian is mo/ likely to close 8 fi/ ov]4 ,x w\ld be unk9d to say m1 = ,nietzs*e himself has be5 c>eful to scatt] ?r\gh 8 works1 on ! subject ( disciples & foll[]s g5]ally1 v sca?+ rem>ks :i* mu/ be suffici5tly pa9ful to any fai?ful ,nietzs*ian4 ,we are help$ 9 und]/&+ ,nietzs*e's philosophic significance if we und]/& 8 precise ideal4 ,! psy*ological analysis ( e great ?9k]'s "w seems to reveal "s und]ly+ fundam5tal image or ?\ght--(t5 en\gh simple & homely 9 "*--:i* he has c>ri$ ) him into ! mo/ ab/ract regions4 ,?us ,fras] has f\nd good reason to suppose t ,hegel's ma9 ideas 7 sugge/$ by ! !n rec5t discov]y ( galvanism4 ,9 ,nietzs*e's case ?is key is to be f\nd 9 ! p]si/5t image ( an attitude4 ,z a *ild1 8 si/] tells u1 he _h be5 greatly impress$ by a rope-danc] :o _h p]=m$ 8 feats ov] ! m>ket-place at ,naumburg1 & ?r\gh\t 8 "w1 z soon z he _h atta9$ to real self-expression1 we may trace ! image ( ! danc]4 8,i d n "k10 he some:]e says1 8:at ! m9d ( a philosoph] ne$ desire m ?an to be a good danc]4 ,= danc+ is 8 ideal1 8 art also1 inde$ 8 only piety1 8 #8div9e wor%ip4'0 ,9 all ,nietzs*e's be/ "w we are consci\s ( ?is ideal ( ! danc]1 /rong1 supple1 vigor\s1 yet h>moni\s & well-balanc$4 ,x is ! dance ( ! a?lete & ! acrobat r ?an ! make-believe ( ! ball-room1 & beh9d ! easy equipoise ( su* danc+ lie pati5t tra9+ & ef=t4 ,! *ief "* ( good danc+ is its union ( ! maximum ( en]getic movem5t ) ! maximum ( well-balanc$ grace4 ,! :ole muscul> sy/em is alive to re/ra9 any excess1 s t h[ev] wild & free ! movem5t may seem x is always measur$2 excess w\ld mean ignom9i\s collapse4 ,:5 9 8 lat] ye>s ,nietzs*e began1 z he said1 to 8philosophise ) ! hamm]10 & to lay ab\t him savagely at e holl[ 8idol0 )9 rea*1 he dep>t$ f 8 bett] ideal ( danc+1 & 8 ?9k+ became intemp]ate1 reckless1 desp]ate4 ,nietzs*e _h no sy/em1 probably because ! idea t dom9at$ 8 ?\ght 0 an image1 & n a =mula1 ! usual obsession ( philosoph]s1 su* z may be clapp$ on ! univ]se at any desir$ po9t4 ,he rem>ks 9 "o place t a philosoph] believes ! wor? ( 8 philosophy to lie 9 ! /ructure1 b t :at we ultimately value are ! f9ely c>v5 & sep>ate /ones ) :i* he build$1 & he 0 cle>ly anxi\s to supply ! elaborat$ /ones direct4 ,9 "t he came to call himself a reali/1 us+ ! t]m1 9 no philosophic s5se1 to indicate 8 rev]5ce = ! real & ess5tial facts ( life1 ! ?+s t conduce to f9e liv+4 ,he desir$ to deta* ! 8bad consci5ce0 f ! ?+s t are m]ely wick$ traditionally1 & to atta* x to ! ?+s t are anti-natural1 anti-in/9ctive1 anti-s5su\s4 ,he s\ght to inculcate v5]ation = ! deep-ly+ s\rces ( life1 to take u d[n to ! b$-rock ( life1 ! rock :5ce we are hewn4 ,he held t man1 z a reality1 ) all 8 c\rage & cunn+1 is himself wor?y ( hon\r1 b t man's ideals are absurd & morbid1 ! m]e dregs 9 ! dra9$ cup ( life2 or1 z he ev5tually said--& x is a say+ :i* w d\btless seal 8 fate 9 ! m9ds ( _m e/imable p]sons--man's ideals are 8 only p>tie honteuse1 ( :i* we may avoid any close exam9ation4 ,nietzs*e's 8realism0 0 ?us simply a vigor\s hatr$ ( all dream+ t t5ds to depreciate ! value ( life1 & a vivid s5se t man himself is ! ens realissimum4 ,a notewor?y po9t 9 ,nietzs*e's conception ( philosophy is 8 increas+ly cle> conception ( its fundam5tally psy*ological "*4 ,i mean to say t ,nietzs*e kn[s t a man's philosophy1 to be real1 mu/ be ! inevitable outcome ( 8 own psy*ic con/itution4 ,x is a po9t t philosoph]s h nev] se54 ,p]haps ,nietzs*e 0 ! fir/1 h[ev] hesitat+ly1 to realise x4 ,x is only 9 ! recognition ( ?is fact t ! eir5icon ( philosophies--& "o might add1 ( religions--c ev] be f\nd4 ,! philosoph] ( old said3 8,?is is my conception ( ! univ]se20 x 0 well4 ,b he 0 apt to add3 8,x is ! conception ( ! univ]se10 & s put himself hopelessly 9 ! wrong4 ,x is z undignifi$ to ?9k ano!r man's philosophy z to we> ano!r man's ca/-(f clo!s4 ,only ! poor 9 _s or 9 purse c f9d any satisfaction 9 do+ ei!r4 ,a philosophy or religion c only fit ! man = :om x 0 made4 8,!re has only be5 "o ,*ri/ian10 z ,nietzs*e put x1 8& he di$ on ! cross40 ,b :y wa/e en]gy 9 try+ to manufacture a second ,*ri/ian8 ,we may be v sure t we c nev] f9d ano!r ,*ri/ian :om ,*ri/ianity w\ld fit s admirably z x once fitt$ ,*ri/4 ,:y n re/ cont5t ) ,*ri/8 ,let ,br[n be a ,br[nite & ,rob9son a ,rob9sonian4 ,x is n good t !y %\ld ex*ange _! philosophies1 or t ei!r %\ld insi/ on ?ru/+ 8 ?readb>e misfits on ,jones1 :o pref]s to be metaphysically nak$4 ,:5 m5 h g5]ally begun to realise ?is ! _w w be a ri*] & an hone/] _w1 & a pleasant] "o z well4 ,t ,nietzs*e _h vaguely begun to realise x seems to me 8 *ief claim to di/9ction 9 ! purely philosophic field4 ,to recognise ! free & direct b disconnect$ nature ( ,nietzs*e's _m-sid$ vision ( ! _w is to less5 ! =ce ( 8 own antagonisms z well z ( ! antagonisms he has excit$4 ,mu* ( ,nietzs*e's "w1 especially 9 ! ?ird p]iod1 is ! utt]ance ( pr(\nd half-tru?s1 ke5ly & p]sonally felt1 b /ill half-tru?s ( :i* he has himself else:]e suppli$ ! complem5ts4 ,! reason is t dur+ t p]iod he 0 n s mu* express+ himself z appeal+ passionately aga9/ himself to ^? fail+ =ces ^: tonic influ5ce he ?ir/$ aft]4 ,! h>dness1 ! ke5 sword1 ! reckless en]gy he idealis$ 7 ! ?+s t _h slipp$ utt]ly away & left him def5celess to ! _w4 ,he grew to wor%ip cruel /r5g? z ! consumptive ,keats1 ! sickly ,?oreau1 lov$ beauty & heal?1 ) 8! desire ( ! mo? = ! />40 ,su* an attitude has its rightness & p[]1 s long z we und]/& x1 ?\gh x comes %ort ( ! s]5ity ( ! greate/ spirits :o seek1 l ,goe!1 to live at ea* mom5t 9 ! :ole4 ,! ma/]-morality ( ,nietzs*e's lat] days1 on :i* fri5ds & foes h alike insi/$1 is a case 9 po9t4 ,?is appe>s to h be5 hail$1 or res5t$1 z a dea?-bl[ /ruck at ! mod]n democratic rgime4 ,to take a broad view ( ,nietzs*e's philosophic attitude is to realise t bo? views are alike out ( place4 ,on ?is matt]1 z on _m o!rs1 ,nietzs*e mov$ 9 a l9e :i* l$ him to face an opposite direction 9 8 decay f t :i* he fac$ 9 8 immaturity4 ,he began by reg>d+ democracy z ! /&>d ( righte\sness1 & end$ by ass]t+ t ! _w only exi/s = ! production ( a few great m54 ,x w\ld be fooli% to reg>d ei!r ( ! t]m9i z ! la/ outpo/ ( wisdom4 ,b 9 ! passage betwe5 ^! two po9ts _m excell5t ?+s are said by ! way4 ,nietzs*e 0 nev] enam\r$ ( socialism or democracy = its own sake2 reasonably en\gh1 he w n ev5 admit t we h yet atta9$ democracy2 ?\gh ! horses1 inde$1 are new1 z yet 8! roads are ! same old roads1 ! :eels ! same old :eels40 ,b he po9ts out t ! value ( democracy lies 9 its gu>antee ( individual fre$om3 ,cyclopean walls are be+ built1 ) mu* toil & du/1 b ! walls w be a ramp>t aga9/ any invasion ( b>b>ians or any new slav]y1 aga9/ ! despotism ( capital & ! despotism ( p>ty4 ,! work]s may reg>d ! walls z an end 9 !mselves2 we are free to value !m = ! f9e fl[]s ( culture :i* w gr[ 9 ! g>d5s !y inclose4 ,to me1 at lea/1 ?is attitude ( ,nietzs*e's maturity seems ! ample ju/ification ( democracy4 ,nietzs*e 0 n1 h[ev]1 greatly int]e/$ 9 que/ions ( gov]nm5t2 he 0 f> m deeply int]e/$ 9 que/ions ( morals4 ,9 8 treatm5t ( morals--no d\bt *iefly 9 ! la/ p]iod--!re is a c]ta9 elem5t ( p>adox4 ,x mu/ aga9 be po9t$ out t ?is is to be expla9$ by ! organic dem&s ( ,nietzs*e's own nature4 ,9 attack+ ! excessive t5d5cy to sympa?y :i* he seem$ to see ar\nd him he 0 hygi5ically def5d+ himself f 8 own excessive sympa?y4 ,8 si/] quotes ) a smile ! decl>ation t 8 ,p>adise lay b5ea? ! %ad[ ( 8 sword2 we sc>cely ne$ h] assurance ( 8 t5d]-he>t$ s5sitiv5ess4 ,he c\ld attack rel5tlessly1 b he nev] attack$ a p]son save z ! symbol ( :at he reg>d$ z a false pr9ciple held 9 undes]v$ hon\r4 ,:5 he realis$ t ! subject ( su* attack 0 really a liv+ p]son he 0 full ( remorse4 ,he attack$ ,/rauss because ,/rauss 0 ! successful repres5tative ( a n>r[ ideal ( culture2 a few mon?s lat] ,/rauss di$1 hav+1 x n[ appe>s1 borne ! onset philosophically en\gh1 & ,nietzs*e 0 full ( grief le/ he _h embitt]$ ! dy+ man's la/ h\rs4 ,x 0 because he _h himself suff]$ f ! excesses ( 8 own sympa?y t he 0 able s ke5ly to analyse ! secrets ( sympa?y4 ,he spoke z ! ,spani% poet says t e poet--& inde$ e se]--mu/ always speak1 por la boca de su h]ida1 ?r\gh ! m\? ( 8 w\nd4 ,t is :y 8 voice is (t5 s poignantly intimate2 x is also :y we sometimes f9d ?is falsetto note ( p>adox4 ,9 8 la/ p]iod1 ,nietzs*e gr[s altoge!r impati5t ( morals1 calls himself an immorali/1 f]v5tly exhorts u to become wick$]4 ,b if any "y disciple came to ! tea*] ask+1 8,:at mu/ ,i d to become wick$]80 x does n appe> t ,nietzs*e bade him to /eal1 be> false witness1 commit adult]y1 or d any o!r ( ! famili> & commonly-accept$ wick$nesses4 ,nietzs*e prea*$ wick$ness ) ! same solemn exaltation t ,c>ducci laud$ ,satan4 ,:at he desir$ 0 f> inde$ f any rehabilitation ( easy vice2 x 0 ! ju/ification ( neglect$ & unsanctifi$ virtues4 ,at ! same "t1 & :ile ,nietzs*e's immorali/ is j z au/]e a p]son z ! m]e morali/s :o h haunt$ ! _w = _m ?\s& ye>s1 x is cle> t ,nietzs*e wi%$ /rictly to limit ! sph]e ( morals4 ,he nev] fails to po9t out h[ l>ge a region ( life & art lies legitimately outside ! moral jurisdiction4 ,9 an age 9 :i* _m morali/s desire to =ce morals into e "p ( life & art--& ev5 assume a c]ta9 air ( virtue 9 s do+--! 8immorali/0 :o lawfully v9dicates any region = free cultivation is engag$ 9 a prop] & :olesome task4 ,no d\bt1 h[ev]1 !re w be "s to "q ! value ( su* a task4 ,nietzs*e ! immorali/ c sc>cely be welcome 9 e camp1 al?\gh he rema9s always a =ce to be reckon$ )4 ,! same may be said ( ,nietzs*e ! free?9k]4 ,he 01 p]haps1 ! typical free?9k] ( ! age t comes aft] ,r5an4 ,nietzs*e _h no?+ ( ,r5an's g5ial scepticism & smil+ disillusionm5t2 he 0 less t5d] to human weakness1 = all 8 long ,*ri/ian ance/ry less ,*ri/ian1 ?an ! ,breton sem9>i/ rema9$ to ! la/4 ,he seems to h %ak5 himself altoge!r free ( ,*ri/ianity--s free1 t except 9 8 la/ p]iod he ev5 speaks ( x )\t bitt]ness--?\gh by no means :olly unt\*$ by t no/algia ( ! cloi/] :i* n[ & !n pursues ev5 ^? ( u :o are f>!/ f any fai? 9 ,*ri/ian dogma4 ,he nev] s\ght1 z among ourselves ,pat] s\ght1 ! g]m ( ,*ri/ianity 9 ?+s pagan1 ! undy+ ess5ce ( paganism 9 ?+s ,*ri/ian4 ,hea!n z he 01 ,i d n ?9k ev5 ,he9e's visions ( ! gods 9 exile c\ld h t\*$ him2 he nev] felt ! *>m ( fad+ & fad$ ?+s4 ,x is rem>kable4 ,x is sc>cely less rem>kable t1 f> z he 0 f ,*ri/ianity1 he 0 equally f> f :at we usually call 8paganism10 ! pa/ebo>d paganism ( easy self-indulg5ce & *e]ful irresponsibility4 ,x 0 n s t he und]/ood ,hell5ism4 ,mat!w ,arnold once rem>k$ t ! ,greeks 7 nev] sick or sad4 ,nietzs*e knew bett]4 ,! great] "p ( ,greek lit]ature be>s witness t ! ,hell5es 7 = ev] wre/l+ ) ! problems ( pa94 ,& none :o came aft] h m poignantly utt]$ ! pangs ( human affairs1 or m sweetly ! consolations ( ^? pangs1 ?an ! great disciples ( ! ,greeks :o creat$ ! ,roman _w4 ,! classic _w ( nymphs & fauns is an inv5tion ( ! mod]ns4 ,! real classic _w1 l ! mod]n _w1 0 a _w ( suff]+4 ,! diff]5ce lay 9 ! me?od ( fac+ t suff]+4 ,nietzs*e *ose ! classic me?od f no desire to sport ) ,am>yllis 9 ! %ade1 b because he _h kn[n =ms ( torture = :i* ! mild complac5cies ( mod]n fai? seem$ to (f] no relief4 ,if we mu/ reg>d ,nietzs*e z a pagan1 x is z ! ,pascal ( paganism4 ,! free?9k]1 x is true1 0 m *e]ful & hopeful ?an ! believ]1 b !re is ! same tragic s9c]ity1 ! same re/less self-torm5t1 ! same s5se ( ! abyss4#d ,!re /ill rema9s ,nietzs*e1 ! apo/le ( culture1 ! philosoph] engag$ 9 ! criticism ( life4 ,f fir/ to la/1 :]ev] y op5 8 books1 y light on say+s t cut to ! core ( ! que/ions t e mod]n ?9k+ man mu/ face4 ,i take1 almo/ at r&om1 a few passages f a s+le book3 ( convictions he writes t 8a man possesses op9ions z he possesses fi%1 9 s f> z he owns a fi%+-net2 a man mu/ g fi%+ & be lucky1 !n he has 8 own fi%1 8 own op9ions2 ,i speak ( liv+ op9ions1 liv+ fi%4 ,"s m5 are cont5t to possess fossils 9 _! cab9ets--& convictions 9 _! heads40 ,( ! problem ( ! relation ( sci5ce to culture he says well3 8,! be/ & :olesome/ ?+ 9 sci5ce1 z 9 m\nta9s1 is ! air t bl[s !re4 ,x is because ( t air t we spiritual weakl+s avoid & defame sci5ce20 & he po9ts out t ! "w ( sci5ce--) its ne$ = s9c]ity1 inf9ite pati5ce1 complete self-abnegation--calls = m5 ( nobl] make ?an poetry ne$s4 ,:5 we h le>nt to tru/ sci5ce & to le>n f x1 !n x w be possible s to tell natural hi/ory t 8e "o :o he>s x is inspir$ to heal? & gladness z ! heir & cont9u] ( humanity40 ,?is is h[ he rebukes ^? fooli% p]sons :o gr[ impati5t ) critics3 8,rememb] t critics are insects :o only /+ to live & n to hurt3 !y want our blood & n our pa940 ,& he utt]s ?is wise say+1 himself =gett+ x 9 lat] ye>s3 8,gr[? 9 wisdom may be exactly measur$ by decrease 9 bitt]ness40 ,nietzs*e desires to prove no?+1 & is reckless ( consi/5cy4 ,he looks at e "q t comes be=e him ) ! same simple1 int5t1 p5etrative gaze1 & :e!r ! aspects t he reveals are new or old1 he seldom fails to br+ u a fre% /imulus4 ,culture1 z he und]/ood x1 consi/s = ! mod]n man 9 ! task ( *oos+ ! simple & indisp5sable ?+s f ! *aos ( crude mat]ial :i* to-day ov]:elms u4 ,! man :o w live at ! level ( ! culture ( 8 "t is l ! juggl] :o mu/ keep a numb] ( plates sp9n+ 9 ! air2 8 life mu/ be a con/ant tra9+ 9 suppl5ess & skill s t he may be a good a?lete4 ,b he is also call$ on to ex]t 8 skill 9 ! selection & limitation ( 8 task4 ,nietzs*e is greatly occupi$ ) ! simplification ( culture4 ,our suppl5ess & skill mu/ be ex]cis$ alone on ! ?+s t are vital1 ess5tial1 primitive2 ! re/ may be ?r[n aside4 ,he is = ev] *all5g+ ! multif>i\s mat]ials = culture1 te/+ !m ) eye & h&2 we _c prove !m too sev]ely1 he seems to say1 nor ca/ aside too contemptu\sly ! ?+s t a real man has no ne$ ( = f9e liv+4 ,:at mu/ ,i d to be sav$8 ,:at d ,i ne$ = ! be/ & fulle/ life8--t is ! ev]la/+ "q t ! tea*] ( life is call$ ^u to answ]4 ,& we _c be too grateful to ,nietzs*e = ! /]n p5etration--! m acute = 8 ev]-pres5t s5se ( ! limits ( en]gy--) :i* he po9ts f amid ! mass to ! ?+s :i* mo/ surely belong to our et]nal peace4 ,nietzs*e's /yle has (t5 be5 prais$4 ,! /yle 0 c]ta9ly ! man4 ,!re c be little d\bt1 moreov]1 t !re is sc>cely any o!r ,g]man /yle to comp>e ) x1 ?\gh su* em95ce means f> less 9 a c\ntry :]e /yle has r>ely be5 cultivat$ ?an x w\ld mean 9 ,france or ev5 ,engl&4 ,sallu/ awoke 8 s5se = /yle1 & may acc\nt = "s *>act]i/ics ( 8 /yle4 ,he also en?usia/ically admir$ ,horace z ! writ] :o _h produc$ ! maximum ( en]gy ) ! m9imum ( mat]ial4 ,a conc5trat$ ,roman /yle1 significant & weighty at e po9t1 re p]5nius1 0 always 8 ideal4 ,c]ta9ly ! philologi/'s aptitudes help$ "h to tea* him ! value & =ce ( words1 z jewels = ! goldsmi? to "w )1 & n z m]e worn-out c\nt]s to slip ?r\gh ! f+]s4 ,"o may call x a muscul> /yle1 a /yle wr\ght ) ! skilful /r5g? ( h& & arm4 ,x sc>cely appeals to ! e>4 ,x lacks ! re/ful simplicity ( ! greate/ ma/]s1 ! plang5t melody1 ! seem+ly unconsci\s magic quiv]+ along our f9e/-fibr$ n]ves4 ,su* effects we seem to he> n[ & aga9 9 ,s*op5hau]1 b r>ely or nev] f any o!r ,g]man4 ,?is /yle is titanic r ?an div9e1 b ! titanic virtues x c]ta9ly possesses 9 fulle/ measure3 robu/ & well-temp]$ vig\r1 conc5tration1 wond]ful pla/ic =ce 9 m\ld+ expression4 ,x becomes ov]-emphatic at la/4 ,:5 ,nietzs*e ?rew aside ! danc]'s ideal 9 ord] to 8philosophise ) ! hamm]10 ! result on 8 /yle 0 z disa/r\s z on 8 ?\ght2 bo? alike took on ! viol5t & graceless "* ( ! same implem5t4 ,he speaks inde$ ( ! virtue ( hitt+ a nail on ! head1 b x is a less skill$ =m ( virtue ?an good danc+4 ,:e!r he 0 danc+ or hamm]+1 h[ev]1 ,nietzs*e c]ta9ly conv]t$ ! :ole ( himself into 8 "w1 z 9 8 view e philosoph] is b\nd to d1 8= j t art ( trans=mation is philosophy40 ,t he 0 entirely successful 9 be+ a 8real man0 "o may d\bt4 ,8 excessive s5sitiv5ess to ! commonplace 9 life1 & 8 defici5cy 9 ! sexual in/9ct--h[ev] highly he may h rat$ ! importance ( sex 9 life--l>gely cut him (f f true fell[%ip ) ! m5 :o are mo/ 8real0 to u4 ,he 0 less tol]ant & less humane ?an 8 ma/] ,goe!2 8 incisive insight1 &1 9 _m respects1 bett] intellectual equipm5t1 are m ?an comp5sat$ by ?is lack ( bread?4 ,b1 z 8 fri5d ! hi/orian ,burckh>dt has said1 he work$ mightily = ! increase ( indep5d5ce 9 ! _w4 ,e man1 inde$1 works ) ! limitations ( 8 qualities1 j z we all /ruggle b5ea? ! weight ( ! sup]9cumb5t atmosph]e2 our defects are ev5 a "p ( our qualities1 & x w\ld be fooli% to qu>rel ) !m4 ,nietzs*e succe$$ 9 be+ himself1 & x 0 a f9ely r>e success4 ,:e!r he 0 a 8real man0 matt]s less4 ,) passionate s9c]ity he express$ 8 real self & 8 be/ self1 abhorr+1 on ! "o h&1 :at ) ,voltaire & ,v]la9e he call$ 8lit]ature10 &1 on ! o!r1 all t m]e indige/$ mat]ial1 ! result ( m5tal dyspepsia1 ( :i* he reg>d$ ,c>lyle z ! supreme w>n+4 ,a man's real self1 z he repeat$ s (t51 consi/s ( ! ?+s :i* he has truly dige/$ & assimilat$2 he mu/ always 8conqu]0 8 op9ions2 x is only su* conque/s :i* he has ! "r to report to m5 z 8 own4 ,8 ?\ghts are born ( 8 pa92 he has imp>t$ to !m ( 8 own blood1 8 own pleasure & torm5t4 ,nietzs*e himself held t suff]+ & ev5 disease are almo/ indisp5sable to ! philosoph]2 great pa9 is ! f9al emancipator ( ! _s1 ^? great sl[ pa9s t take _! "t1 & burn u up l gre5 wood4 8,i d\bt :e!r su* pa9 bett]s u10 he rem>ks1 8b ,i "k t x deep5s u40 ,t is ! /uff ( ,nietzs*e's ,hell5ism1 z express$ 9 ! mo/ ligh!>t$ ( 8 books4 ,virescit voln]e virtus4 ,x is t :i* makes him1 :5 all is said1 a great critic ( life4 ,x is a consolation to _m--,i h se5 x s /at$ 9 a respectable review--t ,nietzs*e w5t mad4 ,no d\bt also x 0 once a consolation to _m t ,socrates 0 poison$1 t ,jesus 0 crucifi$1 t ,bruno 0 burnt4 ,b hemlock & ! cross & ! /ake prov$ sorry weapons aga9/ ! might ( ideas ev5 9 ^? days1 & !re is no reason to suppose t a doctor's c]tificate w be m effectual 9 our own4 ,( old "t we kill$ our great m5 z soon z _! vision>y claims became inconv5i5t2 n[1 9 our m]cy1 we leave ! trag$y ( g5ius to unroll itself to ! bitt] close4 ,! devils to :om ! mod]n ,fau/us is committ$ h wax$ cunn+ ) ! ages4 ,nietzs*e has met1 9 its mo/ rel5tless =m1 ! fate ( ,pascal & ,swift & ,r\sseau4 ,t fact may c>ry :at weight x w 9 any f9al e/imate ( 8 place z a moral tea*]3 x _c t\* 8 position z an aborig9al =ce4 ,he rema9s 9 ! fir/ rank ( ! di/+ui%$ & significant p]sonalities our c5tury has produc$4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #a3 ,?is /atem5t 7made at ! end ( #ahie7 has ceas$ to be true1 b x expla9s ! g5esis ( ?is /udy1 & ,i leave x /&+4 ,footnote #b3 ,! mo/ conv9c+ ^w-portrait ( ,nietzs*e ,i h met ) 7by ,m4 ,s*ur7 dates f ! visit to ,bayreu?3--8,i 0 /ruck bo? by ! sup]iority ( 8 intellect & ! /rang5ess ( 8 face4 ,a broad =ehead1 %ort hair bru%$ back1 ! prom95t *eek-bones ( ! ,slav4 ,! heavy m\/a*e & ! bold outl9e ( ! face w\ld h giv5 him ! aspect ( a cavalry (fic] if x _h n be5 = 8 timid & haughty air4 ,! musical voice & sl[ spee* indicat$ ! arti/'s organisation1 :ile ! circumspect m$itative c>riage 0 t ( a philosoph]4 ,no?+ m deceptive ?an ! app>5t calm ( 8 expression4 ,! fix$ eye reveal$ ! pa9ful travail ( ?\ght4 ,x 0 at once ! eye ( an acute obs]v] & a fanatical vision>y4 ,! d\ble "* ( ?is gaze produc$ a disquiet$ & disquiet+ impression1 all ! m s s9ce x seem$ to be always fix$ on a s+le po9t4 ,9 mom5ts ( effusion ?is gaze 0 s(t5$ to a dream-l sweetness1 b soon became ho/ile aga940 ,?is picture is confirm$ by ,nietzs*e's si/]1 :o also ref]s to 8 8unusually l>ge1 beautiful1 & brilliant eyes40 ,footnote #c3 ,"o may be all[$ to regret t ,nietzs*e 0 n equally discrim9at+ 9 8 judgm5t ( our c\ntry4 ,_h he n be5 bl9d$ by ! spiritual plebeianism ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 9 ,engl&1 he might also h disc]n$ 9 c]ta9 p]iods "s ( ! same ard5t & h]oic qualities :i* he recognis$ 9 sixte5? c5tury ,france1 ! m easily s9ce at t "t ! same ,r5aissance wave _h effect$ a consid]able degree ( spiritual union betwe5 ,france & ,engl&4 ,9 ,george ,*apman1 = in/ance1 at 8 f9e/ & lucide/ mom5ts ! typical e?ical repres5tative ( our greate/ lit]>y age1 ,nietzs*e w\ld h f\nd a man aft] 8 own he>t1 n only "o :o sc>cely yield$ to himself 9 g5]\s admiration ( ! great qualities ( ! ,fr5* _s b a man ( 8absolute & full s\l0 :o 0 almo/ a precursor ( 8 own 8immoralism10 a lov] ( fre$om1 ( /oic self-reliance1 "o :o 0 ev] seek+ to enl>ge ! discipl9e ( a f9e culture 9 ! direction ( moral fre$om & dignity4 ,footnote #d3 ,pat]'s description ( ! transition we may trace f ! easy prose ( ,pascal's fir/ book to ! 8p]petual agonia0 ( 8 lat] "w1 applies ) sc>cely a *ange to ! simil> transition 9 ,nietzs*e3--8,ev]y:]e 9 ! ,lett]s he _h seem$ s great a ma/]--a ma/] ( himself--nev] at a loss1 tak+ ! conflict s lightly1 ) s light a he>t3 9 ! great ,atlantean travail ( ! ,?\ghts 8 feet sometimes #8are almo/ gone4' ,9 8 s\l's agony !ological ab/ractions seem to become p]sonal p[]s4444 ,9 tru?1 into 8 typical diagnosis1 z x may seem1 ( ! trag$y ( ! human s\l1 !re h pass$ n m]ely ! p]sonal feel+s1 ! temp]am5t ( an individual1 b 8 malady also1 a physical malady40 ,,casanova4 ,,!re are few m delightful books 9 ! _w ?an ,casanova's ,mmoires4--,t is a /atem5t ,i h long va9ly s\ght to see 9 pr9t4 ,x is true1 "o le>ns casually t v>i\s em95t lit]>y p]sonages h *]i%$ a high reg>d = ?is autobiography1 h ev5 consid]$ x ! ideal autobiography1 t ,w5dell ,holmes 0 once he>d def5d+ ,casanova1 t ,?ack]ay f\nd him good en\gh to /eal f4 ,b ^! em95t p]sonages--& h[ _m m we %all nev] "k--lock$ up ! secret ( _! admiration = ?is book 9 "s remote casket ( _! brea/s2 !y nev] confid$ x to ! cynical _w4 ,e prop]ly con/itut$ 8man ( lett]s0 has always recognis$ t any public allusion to ,casanova %\ld beg9 & end ) l(ty moral reprobation ( 8 unspeakable turpitude4 ,no d\bt :atev]--& ?is ap>t f ! "q z to :e!r 8 autobiography %\ld be c\nt$ z moral or immoral lit]ature--,casanova deliv]$ himself b\nd into ! h&s ( ! morali/s4 ,he recognis$ ?is2 8 autobiography1 z he himself truly said1 0 8a confession1 if ev] !re 0 "o40 ,b he wrote at ! end ( a long & full life1 9 ! fri5dly seclusion ( a lonely ,bohemian ca/le1 :5 all ?+s _h become indiff]5t to him save ! vivid memories ( ! pa/4 ,x matt]$ little to him t ! :irlw9d ( #aghi _h j swept away ! eighte5? c5tury toge!r ) ! moral maxims t pass$ curr5t 9 t c5tury4 ,we h to accept ^! facts at ! outset :5 we approa* ,casanova4 ,& if a dwell] 9 ! highly respectable n9ete5? c5tury may be =giv5 a fir/ exclamation ( horror at ,casanova's wick$ness1 he has w(ully fail$ 9 critical insight if he all[s t exclamation to be 8 la/ ^w conc]n+ ^! ,mmoires4 ,!re are at lea/ ?ree po9ts ( view f :i* ,casanova's ,mmoires are ( deep & p]man5t int]e/4 ,9 ! fir/ place !y con/itute an important psy*ological docum5t z ! full & v]aci\s pres5tation ( a c]ta9 human type 9 its mo/ complete developm5t4 ,9 ! second place1 z a m]e /ory ( adv5ture & )\t ref]5ce to _! v]acity1 ! ,mmoiries h nev] be5 surpass$1 & only equall$ by books writt5 on a mu* small] scale4 ,9 ! ?ird place1 we "h possess an unrivall$ picture ( ! eighte5? c5tury 9 its mo/ *>act]i/ic aspects ?r\gh\t ,europe4 ,i4 ,casanova liv$ 9 an age :i* seems to h be5 fav\rable to ! spontane\s revelation ( human nature 9 lit]ature4 ,x 0 n only ! age 9 :i* ! novel rea*$ full developm5t2 x 0 ! age ( di>ies & autobiographies4 ,pepys1 inde$1 ?\gh he di$ 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 _h writt5 8 di>y long be=e2 b dur+ ,casanova's lifetime ,boswell 0 writ+ t biography :i* is s wond]ful l>gely because x is s ne>ly an autobiography4 ,casanova's communicative c\ntryman1 ,gozzi1 0 also 8 contempor>y4 ,r\sseau's ,confessions only prec$$ ,casanova's ,mmoires by a few ye>s1 & a little lat] ,re/if de la ,bretonne wrote ,monsieur ,nicolas1 & ,madame ,rol& h] ,mmoires ,p>ticulires4 ,all ^! autobiographies are v unlike ,casanova's4 ,!y mo/ly seem to pres5t ! %ady sides ( o!rwise em95t & respectable lives4 ,! highly-plac$ gov]nm5t (ficial ( v]satile intellectual ta/es exhibits himself z a mon/] ( petty weaknesses2 ! eloqu5t apo/le ( ! return to ,nature uncov]s ! corrod+ morbidities we %\ld else nev] suspect2 ! philan?ropic pione] 9 social re=m exposes himself 9 a /ate ( almo/ maniacal eroticism2 ! au/]e h]o9e :o 0 n\ri%$ on ,plut>* confesses t %e is ! victim ( unhappy passion4 ,we are consci\s ( no su* discords 9 ,casanova's autobiography4 ,p>tly x may be because we h no o!r picture ( ,casanova be=e our eyes4 ,moreov]1 he _h no conv5tional ideals to fall %ort (2 he 0 an adv5tur] f ! fir/4 8,i am pr\d because ,i am no?+10 he us$ to say4 ,he c\ld n boa/ ( 8 bir?2 he nev] held high position2 = ! greate/ "p ( 8 active c>e] he 0 an exile2 at e mom5t ( 8 life he 0 =c$ to rely on 8 own real & p]sonal qualities4 ,b ! *ief reason :y we feel no di/urb+ discord 9 ,casanova's ,mmoires lies 9 ! admirable skill ) :i* he has !re9 exploit$ 8 unque/ionable s9c]ity4 ,he is a consummate ma/] 9 ! dignifi$ n>ration ( undignifi$ exp]i5ces4 ,=tifi$1 x is true1 by a confess$ & excessive am\r propre1 he nev] loses 8 f9e s5se ( equilibrium1 8 p[] ( pres5t+ 8 own p]sonality broadly & h>moni\sly4 ,he has done a few dubi\s ?+s 9 8 "t1 he seems to say1 & n[ & aga9 f\nd himself 9 positions t 7 ridicul\s en\gh2 b z he looks back he feels t ! l may h happ5$ to any ( u4 ,he views ^! ?+s ) complete human tol]ance z a necess>y "p ( ! :ole picture1 :i* x w\ld be idle to slur ov] or apologise =4 ,he records !m simply1 n )\t a s5se ( hum\r1 b ) no undue s5se ( %ame4 ,9 8 he>t1 p]haps1 he is confid5t t he has giv5 ! _w "o ( its greate/ books1 & t po/]ity w require ( him no su* rhetorical ju/ification z ,r\sseau plac$ at ! head ( 8 ,confessions4 ,9 ! preface to ! ,mmoires1 ,casanova is suffici5tly frank4 ,he has n scrupl$1 he tells u1 to defraud fools & rascals1 8:5 necess>y10 & he has nev] regrett$ x4 ,b su* incid5ts h be5 b episodes 9 8 life4 ,he is n a s5suali/1 he says1 = he has nev] neglect$ 8 duty--8:5 ,i _h any0--= ! allurem5ts ( s5se2 yet ! ma9 bus9ess ( 8 life has ev] be5 9 ! _w ( s5se2 8!re is none ( great] importance40 8,i h always lov$ wom5 & h done my be/ to make !m love me4 ,i h also delight$ 9 good *e]1 & ,i h passionately foll[$ :atev] has excit$ my curiosity40 ,n[ 9 old age he reviews ! joys ( 8 life4 ,he has le>nt to be cont5t ) "o meal a day1 9 spite ( a s\nd dige/ion1 b he recalls ! di%es t delight$ him3 ,neapolitan mac>oni1 ,spani% olla podrida1 ,newf\ndl& cod1 high-flav\r$ game1 old *eese 7has he n collect$ mat]ial = a ,dictionnaire des ,fromages871 & )\t any consci\sness ( abrupt transition he passes on to speak ( ! fragrant sweetness ( ! wom5 he _h lov$4 ,!n ) a smile ( pity he turns on ^? :o call su* ta/es deprav$1 ! poor ins5sate fools :o ?9k ! ,almighty is only able to enjoy our sorr[ & ab/95ce1 & be/[s ^u u = n\ght ! gift ( self-respect1 ! love ( praise1 ! desire to excel1 en]gy1 /r5g?1 c\rage1 & ! p[] to kill ourselves :5 we w4 ,& ) ! /ra9 ( ,/oicism :i* is ev] pres5t to give fibre to 8 ,epicureanism1 he quotes ! maxim :i* might well belong to bo? philosophies3 8,nemo lditur nisi a seipso40 ,! fact t ,casanova 0 on "o side a ,v5etian mu/ c\nt = some?+ 9 any attempt to expla9 him4 ,n inde$ t ,v5ice ev] produc$ m ?an "o ,casanova2 ,i w\ld imply no su* disrespect to ,v5ice--or to ,casanova--b ! racial soil 0 fav\rable to su* a p]sonality4 ,! ,v5etians are a bran* ( a m nor!rn p :o long s9ce settl$ by ! s\!rn sea to gr[ mell[ 9 ! sun%9e4 ,x suit$ !m well1 = !y exp&$ into "o ( ! f9e/ races 9 ,*ri/5dom1 & c]ta9ly "o ( ! lea/ ,*ri/ian races !re1 a solid1 well-temp]$ race1 self-controll$ & self-respect+4 ,! ,v5etian g5ius is ! g5ius ( s5su\s enjoym5t1 ( tol]ant humanity1 ( una%am$ e>?l9ess4 ,:atev] 0 sane & /able 9 ,casanova1 & 8 in/9ctive di/a/e = ! morbid & p]v]se1 he owes to 8 ,v5etian mat]nal ance/ry4 ,if x is true t he 0 n a m]e s5suali/1 x 0 by no means because ( 8 devotion to duty--8:5 ,i _h any10--b because ! g5u9e s5suali/ is only alive on ! passive side ( 8 nature1 & 9 ,casanova's n]v\s sy/em ! developm5t ( ! s5sory fibres is comp5sat$ & held 9 balance by ! equal vig\r ( ! motor fibres2 :at he is quick to enjoy he is /rong & al]t to a*ieve4 ,?us he liv$ ! full & v>i$ life t he creat$ = himself at 8 own good pleasure out ( no?+1 by ! sole p[] ( 8 own magnific5t wits4 ,& n[ ! self-suffic+ ,v5etian sits d[n to survey 8 "w & f9ds t x is good4 ,x has n always be5 f\nd s s9ce4 ,a 8self-made0 man1 if ev] !re 0 "o1 ,casanova is n rev]$ by ^? :o wor%ip self-help4 ,! record ( 8 life w easily outlive ! l>ge/ =tune ev] made 9 any c\nt+-h\se1 b ! life itself rema9s :at we call a 8wa/$0 life4 ,?rift1 prud5ce1 mode/y1 scrupul\s integrity1 /rict att5tion to bus9ess--x is useless to come to ,casanova = any ( ^! virtues4 ,!y 7 n ev5 9 8 blood2 he 0 only half ,v5etian4 ,! ,casanova family 0 orig9ally ,spani%4 ,! fir/ ,casanova on record 0 a c]ta9 ,don ,jacobo1 ( illegitimate bir?1 :o 9 ! middle ( ! fifte5? c5tury became secret>y to ,k+ ,alfonso4 ,he fell 9 love ) a lady de/9$ to ! religi\s life1 & ! day aft] %e _h pron\nc$ h] v[s he c>ri$ h] (f f h] conv5t to ,rome1 :]e he f9ally obta9$ ! =giv5ess & b5$iction ( ! ,pope4 ,! son ( ?is union1 ,don ,juan1 kill$ an (fic] ( ! ,k+ ( ,naples1 fl$ f ,rome1 & s\ght =tune ) ,columbus1 dy+ on ! voyage4 ,don ,juan's son1 ,m>cantonio1 secret>y to a c>d9al1 0 not$ 9 8 day z an epigrammatic poet2 b 8 satire 0 too ke51 & he also _h to flee f ,rome4 ,8 son became a colonel1 &1 unlike 8 =efa!rs1 di$ peacefully1 9 extreme old age1 9 ,france4 ,9 ?is soldi]'s gr&son1 ,casanova's fa!r1 ! adv5tur\s impulsiv5ess ( ! family aga9 came out2 he ran away f home at n9ete5 ) a "y actress1 & himself became an actor2 subsequ5tly he left ! actress & !n fell 9 love ) a "y ,v5etian beauty ( sixte51 ,zanetta ,f>usi1 a %oemak]'s daught]4 ,b a m]e actor c\ld f9d no fav\r 9 a respectable family1 s ! "y c\ple ran away & 7 m>ri$2 ! h]o ( ^! ,mmoires1 born on ! #bnd ,april1 #agbe1 0 _! fir/-born4 ,!re is probably no reason to d\bt ! sub/antial accuracy ( ?is family hi/ory1 b if "o desir$ to inv5t an ance/ry = ,casanova he c\ld sc>cely bett] x4 ,8 race helps to acc\nt = ,casanova1 b ! real explanation ( ! man c only lie 9 8 own cong5ital organisation4 ,t he 0 a radically abnormal p]son is fairly cle>4 ,n t he 0 morbid ei!r 9 body or m9d4 ,on ! contr>y1 he 0 a man ( f9e pres5ce1 ( ab\nd+ heal?--always look+ t5 ye>s y\ng] ?an 8 age--( ! mo/ robu/ appetites1 a great eat]1 :o delight$ to see o!rs1 especially wom51 eat he>tily also1 a man ( indubitable sexual vig\r2 h[ev] great ! dem&s he made ^u 8 physical en]gy x seldom fail$ to respond1 & 8 capacity = re/ 0 equally great2 he c\ld sleep n9ete5 h\rs at a /ret*4 ,8 m5tal heal? 0 n less s\nd4 ,! mo/ punctili\s ali5i/1 ) ?is frank & copi\s hi/ory be=e him1 c\ld n commit ,casanova to an asylum4 ,:atev] (f5ces aga9/ social codes he may h committ$1 ,casanova c sc>cely be said to h s9n$ aga9/ natural laws4 ,he 0 only abnormal because s natural a p]son )9 ! gates ( civilisation is necess>ily abnormal & at w> ) 8 environm5t4 ,f> f be+ ! victim ( morbidities & p]v]sities1 ,casanova pres5ts to u ! natural man 9 excelsis4 ,he 0 a man = :om ! ext]nal _w exi/$1 & :o react$ to all ! /imuli x pres5ts to ! heal?y normal organism4 ,8 intellig5ce 0 imm5sely ke5 & al]t1 8 res\rcefulness1 8 sagaci\s audacity1 8 pres5ce ( m9d1 7 all ( ! fir/ ord]4 ,he 0 equally swift to feel1 to conceive1 & to act4 ,8 m5tal organisation 0 ?us s+ul>ly h>moni\s1 & h5ce 8 success 9 gratify+ 8 eag] & imm5se appetite = ! _w1 an appetite unsatiat$ & insatiable ev5 to ! la/1 or he w\ld h f\nd no pleasure 9 writ+ ^! ,mmoires4 ,casanova has be5 describ$ z a psy*ological type ( in/ability4 ,t is to view him sup]ficially4 ,a man :o adapts himself s readily & s effectively to any *ange 9 8 environm5t or 9 8 desires only exhibits ! in/ability :i* m>ks ! mo/ int5sely vital organisms4 ,! en]gy & ability :i* ,casanova display$ 9 gratify+ 8 in/9cts w\ld h suffic$ to make a reputation ( ! fir/ importance 9 any dep>tm5t1 z a popul> /atesman1 a great judge1 a m]*ant pr9ce1 & enabl$ him to die worn out by ! monoton\s & fev]i% toil ( ! s5ate1 ! c\rt1 or ! c\nt+-h\se4 ,casanova *ose to live4 ,a crude & b>b>\s *oice x seems to u1 ) our h]$it>y in/9ct to sp5d our lives 9 wa/+ ! reasons = liv+4 ,b x is c]ta9 t ,casanova nev] rep5t$ 8 *oice4 ,assur$ly we ne$ n1 = few judges1 /atesm51 or m]*ants h ev] left = ! joy ( humanity any legacy ( _! toil equal to ^! ,mmoires4 ,b su* swift en]gy ( vital action & reaction1 su* ard\r ( de$ 9 keep+ pace ) desire1 are 9 !mselves sc>cely normal4 ,casanova's abnormality is sugge/$ by ! t5d5cy to abnormality :i* we f9d 9 8 family4 ,we h se5 :at m5 8 ance/ors 72 9 read+ ! ,mmoires we ga!r incid5tally t "o ( 8 bro!rs _h m>ri$1 ?\gh impot5t1 & ano!r bro!r is describ$ z a some:at feeble-m9d$ ne'er-d-well4 ,all ! physical & m5tal pot5cy ( ! family 0 int5sely conc5trat$ 9 ,casanova4 ,yet he himself 9 e>ly *ildhood seems to h be5 little bett] ?an an idiot ei!r 9 body or m9d4 ,he c\ld recall no?+ t happ5$ be=e he 0 eight ye>s ( age4 ,he 0 n expect$ to live2 he suff]$ f prolong$ hmorrhages f ! nose1 & ! vision ( blood 0 8 e>lie/ memory4 ,z a *ild he habitually kept 8 m\? op51 & 8 face 0 /upid4 8,?ickness ( ! blood10 said ! physicians ( ^? days2 x seems probable t he suff]$ f gr[?s 9 ! nose :i*1 z we n[ "k1 produce su* physical & m5tal inf]iority z ,casanova describes4 ,! cure 0 spontane\s4 ,he 0 tak5 to ,padua1 & %ortly aft]w>ds began to develop wond]fully bo? 9 /ature & intellig5ce4 ,9 aft] ye>s he _h little cause to compla9 ei!r ( heal? or intellect4 ,x is notable1 h[ev]1 t :51 /ill a boy1 he comm5c$ 8 ecclesia/ical tra9+ 7aga9/ 8 wi%es1 = he _h *os5 to be a doctor71 he fail$ mis]ably z a prea*]1 & broke d[n 9 ! pulpit2 ?us ! ,*ur* lo/ a /range ornam5t4 ,moreov]1 ) all 8 swift s5sation & al]t response1 !re 0 9 ,casanova an anomal\s dulness ( moral s5sibility4 ,! insults to ,holy ,religion :i* seem to h br\ght him to t prison f :i* he effect$ 8 m>vell\s escape1 7 sc>cely ! s]i\s prote/s ( a conv9c$ h]etic2 8 delib]ate trick]y ( ,mme4 d',urf 0 n only crim9al b cruel4 ,8 s5se ( ! bonds ( society 0 always some:at veil$1 & al?\gh ! veil nev] became ?ick1 & might be call$ ! natural result ( an adv5tur]'s life1 "o might also1 p]haps1 ma9ta9 t x 0 a c]ta9 degree ( :at is sometimes call$ moral imbecility t made ,casanova an adv5tur]4 ,b :ile we ?us h to recognise t he 0 a man ( dull$ moral s5sibility1 we mu/ also recognise t he possess$ a vigor\s moral consci\sness ( 8 own1 or we misund]/& him altoge!r4 ,! po9t to be rememb]$ is t ! ?re%old ( 8 moral s5sibility 0 n easily rea*$4 ,!re are "s p ^: tactile s5sibility is s obtuse t x requires a v wide sep>ation ( ! /hesiomet] to get ! "r response4 ,x 0 s ) ,casanova's moral s5sitiv5ess4 ,b1 once ar\s$1 8 consci5ce respond$ en]getically en\gh4 ,x seems d\btful :e!r1 f 8 own po9t ( view1 he ev] fell into grave s91 & !re=e he is happily free f remorse4 ,no great cr$it is ?us due to him2 ! same psy*ological *>act]i/ic is famili> 9 all crim9als4 ,x is n difficult to avoid pluck+ ! apples ( %ame :5 s s+ul>ly few gr[ on y\r tree4 ,casanova's moral s5sibility & its limits come out1 :]e a man's moral s5sibility w come out1 9 8 relations ) wom54 ,wom5 play$ a l>ge "p 9 ,casanova's life2 he 0 ne>ly always 9 love4 ,we may use ! ^w 8love0 "h 9 no euphemi/ic s5se1 = al?\gh ,casanova's passions grew & rip5$ ) ! rapidity born ( long exp]i5ce 9 ^! matt]s1 s fre% is ! vitality ( ! man t !re is ev] a virg9al bloom on e new ard\r4 ,he 0 z f> remov$ f ! cold-blood$ lib]t9e typifi$ 9 ,laclos's ,valmont1 unscrupul\sly us+ wom5 z ! in/rum5ts ( 8 own lu/1 z f ,laura's sonnete]+ lov]4 ,he _h fully grasp$ :at ! late/ writ] on ! sci5tific psy*ology ( sex calls ! second>y law ( c\rt+1 namely1 ! developm5t 9 ! male ( an imag9ative att5tiv5ess to ! psy*ical & bodily /ates ( ! female1 9 place ( an exclusive att5tiv5ess to 8 own gratification4 ,x is n impossible t 9 ^! matt]s ,casanova c\ld h giv5 a lesson to _m virtu\s husb&s ( our own highly moral c5tury4 ,he nev] sank to ! level ( ! vulg> maxim t 8all's fair 9 love & w>40 ,he s\ght 8 pleasure 9 ! pleasure1 & n 9 ! complaisance1 ( ! wom5 he lov$1 & !y seem to h gratefully & t5d]ly recognis$ 8 skill 9 ! art ( love-mak+4 ,casanova lov$ _m wom51 b broke few he>ts4 ,! same wom5 appe> aga9 & aga9 ?r\gh 8 pages1 & = ! mo/ "p no lapse ( ye>s seems to dead5 ! gladness ) :i* he goes =? to meet !m anew4 ,t he knew himself well en\gh nev] to take ei!r wife or mi/ress mu/ be c\nt$ z a virtue1 su* z x 01 9 ?is incomp>able lov] ( s _m wom54 ,a man ( f9] moral fibre c\ld sc>cely h lov$ s _m wom52 a man ( co>s] fibre c\ld nev] h left s _m wom5 happy4 ,?is v lack ( moral delicacy :i* %uts ,casanova (f f ! f9e/ human developm5t is an advantage to ! autobiograph]4 ,x insures 8 s9c]ity because he is unconsci\s ( (f5ce2 x saves u f any we>isome self-ju/ification1 because1 = all 8 amus$ self-criticism1 he sees no real ne$ = ju/ification4 ,9 ,r\sseau's ,confessions we he> ! passionate plead] aga9/ m5 at ! tribunal ( ,god2 "h we are consci\s nei!r ( oppon5t nor tribunal4 ,casanova is nei!r a pill> ( society nor yet "o ( ! moral ,samsons :o delight to pull d[n ! pill>s ( society2 he has tak5 ! _w z x is1 & he has tak5 himself z he is1 & he has enjoy$ !m bo? hugely4 ,s he is free to set =? ! :ole ( himself1 8 a*ievem5ts1 8 audacities1 8 failures1 8 little weaknesses & sup]/itions1 8 am\rs1 8 qu>rels1 8 good =tune & 8 bad =tune 9 ! _w t on ! :ole he has f\nd s int]e/+ & happy a place to dwell 94 ,& 8 book rema9s an un5d+ s\rce ( delightful /udy ( ! man ( impulse & action 9 all 8 moods4 ,! self-reliant man1 imm5sely apt = enjoym5t1 :o plants himself solidly ) 8 s+le ke5 wit be=e ! mighty oy/] ( ! _w1 has nev] reveal$ himself s cle>ly be=e4 ,:at mann] ( man ,casanova seem$ to 8 contempor>ies has only be5 discov]$ ( rec5t ye>s2 & :ile ! picture :i* we obta9 ( him has be5 furni%$ by 8 enemies1 & 0 n meant to flatt]1 x admirably supports ! ,mmoires4 ,9 #agee a spy ( ! ,v5etian ,inquisition report$ t ,casanova unit$ impiety1 impo/ure1 & wantonness to a degree t inspir$ horror4 ,x 0 9 t same ye> t he 0 arre/$1 *iefly on ! *>ge ( contempt = religion1 & s5t5c$ to five ye>s' imprisonm5t4 ,fifte5 mon?s lat] he _h effect$ 8 fam\s escape1 & 0 able to pursue 8 c>e] z an assur$ & accompli%$ adv5tur] :o _h brilliantly complet$ 8 appr5tice%ip4 ,x is n until _m ye>s lat]1 9 #aggb1 :5 8 long ef=ts to obta9 p>don f 8 c\ntry /ill rema9$ unsuccessful1 t we obta9 an admirable picture ( him f ! ,v5etian ag5t at ,ancona4 8,he comes & goes :]e he w10 ! ag5t reports1 8) op5 face & haughty mi51 always well equipp$4 ,he is a man ( "s =ty ye>s at mo/ really ab\t =ty-eight1 ?us confirm+ ,casanova's /atem5t t he 0 always tak5 = "s t5 ye>s y\ng] ?an 8 ye>s1 ( l(ty /ature1 ( f9e & vigor\s aspect1 ) bright eyes & v br[n sk94 ,he we>s a %ort1 *e/nut-col\r$ p]uke4 ,i am told t 8 "* is bold & disda9ful1 b especially t he is full ( spee*1 & ( witty & well-in/ruct$ spee*40 ,two ye>s lat] ,casanova 0 at la/ p]mitt$ to return to ,v5ice4 ,he !re accept$ ! po/ ( secret ag5t ( ! ,/ate ,inquisition = s]vice )9 ! city4 ,l ,defoe & ,tol&1 :o 7 also secret political ag5ts1 he attempt$ to ju/ify himself on gr\nds ( public duty4 ,9 a few ye>s1 h[ev]1 he 0 dismiss$1 p]haps1 z ,bas*et sugge/s1 on acc\nt ( ! fact t 8 reports conta9$ too mu* philosophy & n en\gh espionage2 probably x 0 realis$ t a man ( su* p[]ful individuality & indep5d5ce 0 n fitt$ = s]vile uses4 ,f9ally1 9 #aghb1 he 0 bani%$ f ,v5ice = an (f5ce to :i* ! blood ( ! ,casanovas _h always be5 easily incl9$--he publi%$ an audaci\s satire aga9/ a patrician4 ,f ,v5ice he w5t to ,trie/e1 & !nce to ,vi5na4 ,!re he met ,c\nt ,wald/e91 a f]v5t adept ( ,kabbali/ic sci5ce1 a subject 9 :i* ,casanova himself claim$ to be pr(ici5t2 he _h f\nd x useful 9 c]ta9 deal+s ) cr$ul\s p4 ,9 #aghd ! c\nt (f]$ him ! po/ ( libr>ian1 ) a sal>y ( "o ?\s& flor9s1 at 8 ca/le ( ,dux1 9 ,bohemia4 ,x is said to be a f9e ca/le1 & is /ill not$ = its *>m+ p>k4 ,"h ?is pr9ce ( ,bohemians sp5t ! rema9d] ( 8 life1 devot+ sev5 ye>s to ! ,mmoires1 on :i* he 0 /ill engag$ at 8 dea?4 ,a t]ra-cotta bu/ discov]$ at ! ca/le 7& et*$ "s ye>s ago = ,le ,livre7 %[s him 9 mature age1 a h&some1 en]getic1 & impos+ head1 ) some:at deep-set eyes2 x is by no means ! head ( a scamp1 b r t ( a philosoph]1 a philosoph] ) unusual exp]i5ce ( affairs1 a successful /atesman1 "o might say4 ,a m$allion portrait1 ( lat] date1 :i* has also be5 reproduc$1 %[s him at ! age ( sixty-?ree ) lean1 eag] face1 & l(ty1 ?\gh rec$+ =ehead1 ! type ( ! man ( quick p]ception & swift action1 ! eagle type ( man4 ,! ,pr9ce de ,ligne has also left a description ( him z he appe>$ 9 old age1 n[ gr[n v irritable1 ready to fl>e up at any imag9$ insult1 engag$ 9 p]petual w>f>e ) dome/ics1 b receiv+ ! highe/ consid]ation f ^? :o knew h[ to appreciate ! great qualities ( ! man & 8 unequall$ exp]i5ces1 & :o knew also h[ to indulge 8 susceptibilities & smile at 8 antique fa%ions4 ,once he w5t (f 9 a huff to ,weim>1 & 0 graci\sly receiv$ by ! ,duke1 b he soon came back aga92 all ! fav\rs !re 7 %[]$ on a c]ta9 c\rt fav\rite1 "o ,goe!4 ,x is cle>1 z we read ! ,pr9ce de ,ligne's detail$ description1 t ! re/less old adv5tur] _h ne$1 ev5 9 ! peaceful seclusion ( ,dux1 ( all ! consolation yield$ by ,socrates1 ,horace1 ,s5eca1 & ,boe?ius1 8 fav\rite philosoph]s4 ,"h1 at ,dux1 on ! #d? ( ,june #agih1 ,casanova di$4 8,be> witness t ,i h liv$ z a philosoph] & die z a ,*ri/ian20 t1 we are told1 0 8 la/ utt]ance aft] he _h receiv$ ! sacram5ts4 ,f t mom5t ,casanova ) ev]y?+ t conc]n$ him 0 cov]$ by a pall ( oblivion4 ,he seems to h be5 c>elessly ca/ aside1 toge!r ) ! c5tury ( :i* he 0 s *>act]i/ic1 &1 z x n[ appe>s1 s memorable a *ild4 ,! _w 9 :i* he _h liv$ s joy\sly & completely _h be5 trans=m$ by ! ,revolution4 ,! new age ( /r5u\s comm]cialism & complac5t philan?ropy 0 9 its vigor\s y\?1 a sword 9 its "r h& & a ,bible 9 its left4 ,! only adv5tur] :o f\nd fav\r n[ 0 he :o took ! glad news ( salvation to ! hea!n1 or m[$ !m d[n to make new op5+s = trade4 ,_h he be5 born lat]1 we may be well assur$1 ,casanova w\ld h kn[n h[ to play 8 "p2 he w\ld n h fall5 %ort ( ,borr[1 :o became an ag5t ( ! ,bible ,society4 ,b z x 01 :at _h ! new age to d ) ,casanova8 ,no "o c>$1 no "o ev5 yet has c>$1 s mu* z to exam9e ! draw]s & cupbo>ds full ( pap]s :i* he left beh9d at ,dux4 ,only on ! #ac? ( ,febru>y1 #ahbj1 0 ! oblivion a little /irr$4 ,on t date a c]ta9 ,c>lo ,angioli]i appe>$ at ,leipzig 9 ! (fice ( ! fam\s publi%]1 ,brockhaus1 c>ry+ a volum9\s manuscript 9 ! h&writ+ 7z we n[ "k7 ( ,casanova & be>+ ! title1 ,hi/oire de ma ,vie jusqu' l'an #agig4 ,b ev5 ! appe>ance ( ,c>lo ,angioli]i fail$ to dissipate ! gloom4 ,fifty ye>s m 7 to pass be=e ! figure ( ,casanova aga9 became cle>4 ,?is man1 s ard5tly alive 9 e fibre1 _h n[ become a my?4 ,! sagaci\s _w--:i* imp>ts ! l>ge/ dole ( contempt to ! pilgrim :o br+s back to x ! l>ge/ gifts--refus$ to take ,casanova s]i\sly4 ,! %rewd critic wond]$ :o wrote ,casanova1 j z he has s9ce wond]$ :o wrote ,%akespe>e4 ,paul ,lacroix paid ,/5dhal ! huge complim5t ( sugge/+ t he _h writt5 ! ,mmoires1 a suffici5tly +5i\s sugge/ion1 = 9 ,/5dhal's ,dauph9y _s !re is some?+ ( t love ( adv5ture :i* is supremely illu/rat$ 9 ,casanova4 ,b we n[ "k t1 z ,arm& ,bas*et fir/ prov$1 ,casanova himself really wrote 8 own ,mmoires4 ,moreov]1 s f> z inve/igation has yet be5 able to g1 he wrote ) /rict reg>d to tru?4 ,:]ev] x is possible to te/ ,casanova1 8 ess5tial v]acity has always be5 v9dicat$4 ,9 ! nature ( ?+s x is impossible to v]ify mu* t he n>rates4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we rememb] t he 0 tell+ ! /ory ( 8 life prim>ily = 8 own pleasure1 x is cle> t he _h no motive = deception2 & :5 we consid] ! surpass+ly discr$itable episodes :i* he has record$1 we may recall t he has giv5 n inde$ positive pro( ( s9c]ity1 b c]ta9ly ! be/ t c be giv5 9 ! abs5ce ( direct pro(4 ,x rema9s a "q h[ f> a man is able to recollect ! details ( ! f> pa/--! conv]sations he held1 ! g>m5ts he wore1 ! meals he ate--s precisely z ,casanova pr(esses to recollect !m4 ,?is is a psy*ological problem :i* has n yet be5 exp]im5tally exam9$4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 great individual diff]5ces 9 memory1 & !re is reason to believe t an organisation1 su* z ,casanova's1 = :i* ! ext]nal _w is s vivid1 is associat$ ) memory-p[] ( high quality4 ,t ?is hi/ory is n>rat$ ) absolute precision ( detail ,casanova himself w\ld probably n h ass]t$4 ,b !re is no reason to d\bt 8 good fai?1 & !re is excell5t reason to accept ! sub/antial accuracy ( 8 n>rative4 ,x rema9s a p]sonal docum5t ( a value :i* w increase r ?an dim9i% z "t goes by4 ,x is "o ( ! great autobiographical revelations :i* ! ages h left u1 ) ,augu/9e's1 ,cell9i's1 ,r\sseau's1 ( its own k9d supreme4 ,,ii4 ,! ,mmoires are au!ntic2 !y give u :at !y pr(ess to give u--! true /ory ( a man :o unites 7z x has be5 well said7 ! *>act]s ( ,gil ,blas & ( ,fig>o4 ,?us ,casanova 0 ! inc>nation 9 real life ( ! two mo/ typical imag9ative figures ( 8 c5tury4 ,yet ev5 if ! ,mmoires _h be5 ! inv5tion ( "s noveli/ ( surpass+ g5ius !y w\ld /ill possess extraord9>y int]e/4 ,we may =get t ! book is an autobiography1 & /ill f9d x1 z a /ory ( adv5ture1 ! apo!osis ( ! pic>esque novel4 ,! pic>esque novel--al?\gh a ,fr5*man br\ght x to p]fection 9 ,gil ,blas--arose & fl\ri%$ 9 ,spa91 ,casanova's ance/ral c\ntry1 & its piquancy1 v>iety1 & audacity seem to h be5 v cong5ial to ! ,spani% _s & ! ,spani% soil4 ,casanova's ,mmoires c>ry ?is =m ( /ory on to a broad] & 9 "s respects high] plane4 ,! old pic>o nev] d>$ affront ! _w2 he cr+$ be=e x & slunk beh9d its back to make grimaces4 ,casanova1 too1 0 an adv5tur] liv+ by 8 wits1 b he approa*$ ! _w ) ! same self-confid5ce z he approa*$ a beautiful woman1 & hav+ won its fav\rs treats x ) ! same consid]ation4 ,unlike ! pic>o ^: delight x is to reveal ! pett9esses ( ! m5 he has dup$1 ,casanova %[s 8 magnific5ce 9 adv5ture by reg>d+ ! _w z a foeman wor?y ( all 8 c\rtesy2 & ) incomp>able imp>tiality1 z well z skill1 he pres5ts to u ! n>rative ( all ! p]ils he enc\nt]$ or s\ght4 ,few old m5 sitt+ d[n 9 ! ev5+ ( _! days to *att] ( old times h be5 s free z ,casanova f ! vices ( s5ile lit]ature4 ,he nev] maund]s ( ! ?+s t are s de> to ! ag$ m]ely because !y are pa/2 he introduces no sup]flu\s reflections or comm5ts4 ,we recognise t ! h& :i* keeps ?is p5 s surely to ! po9t is ! h& ( a man ( action4 ,casanova's skill 9 n>rative is conspicu\sly %[n 9 ! love-adv5tures :i* =m s l>ge & important a "p ( 8 book1 z ( 8 life4 7,m5 usually reg>d love z a bagatelle1 he says some:]e1 b1 = 8 own "p1 he adds1 he has f\nd no m important bus9ess 9 life47 ,!re w\ld seem to be no?+ s difficult z to tell a long s]ies ( am\rs1 un%r9k+ly1 f fir/ to la/1 )\t draw+ a curta9 at any /age4 ,ne>ly e writ] 9 fiction or 9 autobiography :o has attempt$ ?is has only produc$ an effect ( we>y monotony or else ( oppressive clos5ess4 ,b ,casanova succe$s4 ,p>tly ?is is due to ! v>iety & individuality he is able to give1 n only to e incid5t1 b to e woman he meets2 s t 8 book is a gall]y ( delightful wom51 drawn ) an art t almo/ recalls 8 great contempor>y1 ,goe!4 ,p>tly x seems he 0 aid$ by 8 vivid & sympa!tic ,v5etian temp]am5t2 8 swift1 unlit]>y /yle f9ds "t = no voluptu\s languors4 ,he 0 aid$ ev5 by 8 immode/y1 = 9 lit]ature z 9 ! pla/ic arts & 9 life itself1 ! nude is ne>] to virtue ?an ! dcollet4 ,! firm & absolute precision ( e episode 9 ^! ,mmoires leaves no room = any undue dally+ ) ! fr+es ( love's g>m5ts4 ,casanova tells 8 /ory swiftly & boldly1 ) no m delay ?an is ne$$ to record e ess5tial detail2 he is ! absolute anti-type to ,/]ne z a n>rator2 ! mo/ lib]t9e ( au?ors1 he is yet free f pruri5ce4 ,?us ! man ( action cov]s ! romanc] ) confusion2 ?is supreme book ( adv5tures is a real man's record ( 8 own real life4 ,b let u =get t x is an autobiography & take x m]ely z a /ory4 ,its imm5se range ( human int]e/1 its audaci\s realism1 its fre$om f p]v]sity1 entitle u to reg>d x z a typical /ory ( adv5ture4 ,& ,i ask myself3 ,:at is ! relation ( su* a book to life8 :at is ! moral wor? ( ,casanova's ,mmoires8 ,a fooli%1 sup]flu\s "q1 ,i "k1 x seems to _m4 ,& ,i am will+ to admit t !re may possibly be ?+s 9 life :i* x is desirable to d1 & yet undesirable to moralise ov]2 ,i w\ld ev5 ass]t t ! moral wor? ( _m ( our actions lies precisely 9 _! unconsci\sness ( any moral wor?4 ,yet b5ea? ! free/ moral movem5ts !re mu/ be a solid basis ( social law1 j z b5ea? ! mo/ graci\s movem5ts ( ! human body !re lies ! regulat$ play ( me*anical law4 ,:5 we f9d x assum$ t !re are ?+s :i* are good to d & n good to ju/ify we may /rongly suspect t we h come across a m5tal muddle4 ,to see ! matt] rightly we mu/ take x at ! beg9n+4 ,no "o c rightly see ! moral place ( immoral lit]ature--! lit]ature ( adv5ture--9 ! case ( adults unless he sees x 9 ! case ( *ildr54 ,( late ye>s ! p :o write 9 newspap]s & magaz9es h l\dly abus$ all /ories ( ! crudely h]oic ord]1 ! /ories ( impossible virtue & unhe>d-( villa9y 9 f>-away l&s1 ( m>vell\sly brave b&s "u extravagantly reckless lead]s1 :o m>* on ?r\gh c>eless blood%$ to incr$ible victory or incalculable treasure4 ,! h]o ( ! av]age boy--magnific5t sombr]o on head1 pi/ols 9 belt1 gallop+ (f on 8 mighty *>g]1 a villa9 grasp$ by ! scruff ( ! neck 9 ea* out/ret*$ h&--has be5 sev]ely maul$4 ,! sugge/ions (f]$ = ! displacem5t ( ?is lit]ature furni% docum5ts = ! psy*ologi/4 ,let u h *eap lives ( ,jesus & ! ,apo/le ,paul6 let u flood ! _w ) ! sob] romances lic5s$ by religi\s societies6--say ^? good p 9 ! newspap]s & ! magaz9es4 ,if !y h ev] !mselves be5 *ildr51 & if s1 h[ !y came into ! _w %r\d$ 9 an imp5etrable caul :i* w = ev] %ut !m out f insight into ! he>ts ( ! "y1 is n kn[n1 & p]haps is no matt]4 ,putt+ aside ^! e/imable p]sons1 !re is 9 e he>t a *amb] d$icat$ to ! impossible1 & ! y\ng] ! he>t ! l>g] is ?is gold5 v5tricle4 ,= ! *ild :o c j read1 ,jack ! ,giant-kill]1 & ! /ory ( ^? human-s\l$ swans :i* make ! swan a my/ic bird = all our lives1 are bett] wor? kn[+ ?an any fact ( ! visible _w4 ,"s day ! ,life ( ,jesus1 & ev5 p]haps ! ,life ( ,paul1 w seem to be among ! sweete/ & /range/ ( ! _w's fairy-tales2 b t day w h>dly come until e *ur* & *apel has be5 spiritually raz$ to ! gr\nd4 ,x _c come to ! g5]ation :i* has _h ! "n ( ,jesus ?ru/ d[n its ?roat 9 ,sunday-s*ools & bo>d-s*ools4 ,we ,engli% are a practical1 common-s5se p1 & we cure our *ildr5 ( any he>ty ta/e = religion z confection]s are said to cure _! assi/ants ( any excessive ta/e = sweets1 by a prelim9>y surfeit4 ,no d\bt we are v wise1 b we po/pone indef9itely ! day :5 *ildr5 w come to our religi\s tales 9 ! pure gladness ( _! joy 9 ! m>vell\s4 ,9 ! meantime !re ought n to be any d\bt t *ildr5 %\ld be f$ on fairy-tales z _! s\ls' mo/ natural food4 ,no?+ c make up = ! lack ( !m at ! outset1 j z no lat] supply ( milk c comp5sate = ! />vation involv$ 9 fe$+ infants on />*4 ,! p[] ( assimilat+ fairy-tales is soon lo/1 & unless ! *ild has a r>ely p[]ful creative imag9ation its spiritual gr[? on ?is side at lea/ rema9s = ev] /unt$4 ,if !n *ildhood ne$s its pure fairy-l&1 & y\? its fairy-l& ( impossible adv5ture1 :at fairy-l& is left = adult age8 ,sc>cely ! novel4 ,! mod]n novel 9 its f9e/ manife/ations1 h[ev] engross+ly int]e/+1 takes u b a little /ep f ! passionate int]e/s ( our own lives4 ,if ,i turn to ! two rec5t novels :i* h mo/ p[]fully int]e/$ me--,huysmans' ,en ,r\te & ,h>dy's ,jude ! ,obscure--,i f9d t _! int]e/ lies l>gely 9 ! skill ) :i* !y pres5t & conc5trate two mighty problems ( actual life1 ! greate/ ( all problems1 religion & sex4 ,9 adult life we seek a fairy-l& occupi$ by be+s at once z real z ourselves1 & yet f> remov$ f ! sph]e ( our own actual int]e/s & ! heavy burd5 ( ! atmosph]e "u :i* we live2 only s c x fasc9ate ! imag9ations ( ^? :o h outgr[n ! simple imag9ative joys ( e>ly life4 ,casanova's ,mmoires is ! p]fect$ type ( ! books :i* answ] ^! requirem5ts4 ,x is unfl9*+ly real1 imm5sely v>i$1 ! audaci\sly tru?ful n>rative ( und5iably human impulses4 ,& yet x c>ries u out ( relation ) ! problems ( our actual life2 x leads u into ! realm ( fairy-l&4 ,b--analys+ ! matt] a little m closely--x may /ill fairly be ask$ :e!r a book :i*1 9 spite ( its remot5ess1 repres5ts a =m ( human life1 mu/ n h a c]ta9 be>+ on morals4 ,is n a "p ( its attraction1 & inde$ t ( all fairy-l&s1 ! exi/5ce ( a diff]5t code ( morals8 ,x seems to me t ?is is s4 ,b precisely 9 t lies ! moral value ( su* lit]ature4 ,inde$ ! :ole "q ( ! moral value ( art--t is to say1 ( /hetic enjoym5t--is really involv$ "h4 ,! matt] is wor? look+ into4 ,x is "o ( ,s*op5hau]'s un=gettable say+s1 t :atev] c\rse ( action we take 9 life !re is always "s elem5t 9 our nature :i* c\ld only f9d satisfaction 9 an exactly contr>y c\rse2 s t1 take :at road we w1 we yet always rema9 re/less & unsatisfi$ 9 "p4 ,to ,s*op5hau] t reflection made = pessimism2 x ne$ n4 ,! m f9ely & adequately we adju/ ourselves to ! actual conditions ( our life ! l>g]1 no d\bt1 ! unus$ & unsatisfi$ region )9 u4 ,b x is j "h t art comes 94 ,art l>gely c\nts = its effects on play+ on ^! unus$ fibres ( our organism1 & by s do+ x s]ves to br+ !m into a /ate ( h>moni\s satisfaction--moralises !m1 if y w4 ,ali5i/s h describ$ a di/ress+ =m ( insanity peculi> to old maids :o h l$ hon\rable lives ( ab/95ce & abnegation4 ,aft] ye>s ( seem+ cont5t ) ! conditions ( _! lot !y beg9 to manife/ uncontrollable obsessions & erotic impulses2 ! unus$ elem5ts ( life1 :i* !y _h %ut d[n 9 ! cell>s ( _! s\ls & almo/ =gott51 h at la/ aris5 9 rebellion1 clam\r+ tumultu\sly = satisfaction4 ,! old orgies--! ,saturnalian fe/ival at ,*ri/mas & ! ,midsumm] ,fe/ival on ,/4 ,john's ,day--be> witness t ! anci5ts 9 _! wisdom recognis$ t ! bonds ( ! actual daily moral life mu/ sometimes be relax$ le/ !y break f ov]-t5sion4 ,we h lo/ ! orgy1 b 9 its place we h art4 ,our respectable matrons no long] s5d out _! daught]s ) tor*es at midnight into ! woods & among ! hills1 :]e danc+ & w9e & blood may la% into _! fle% ! k ( ! my/]ies ( life1 b !y take !m to ,tri/an1 & are =tunately unable to see into ^? c>efully br\ght-up "y s\ls on su* occasions4 ,! moralis+ =ce ( art lies1 n 9 its capacity to pres5t a timid imitation ( our exp]i5ces1 b 9 its p[] to g beyond our exp]i5ce1 satisfy+ & h>monis+ ! unfulfill$ activities ( our nature4 ,t art %\ld h su* an effect on ^? :o contemplate x is n surpris+ :5 we rememb] t1 to "s ext5t1 art has a simil> influ5ce on its creators4 8,lib]t9 d'esprit mais sage de murs10 x 0 said ( ,watteau4 ,mohamm$ :5 he wrote s voluptu\sly ( ! black-ey$ h\ris ( ,p>adise 0 /ill "y & ! blameless husb& ( an ag$ woman4 8,s++ is sweet2 b be sure ( ?is1 ,lips only s+ :5 !y _c kiss40 ,x has be5 said ( ,wagn] t he _h 9 him ! in/9cts ( an ascetic & ( a satyr1 & ! fir/ is j z necess>y z ! second to ! mak+ ( a great arti/4 ,x is a v anci5t obs]vation t ! mo/ un*a/e v]se has (t5 be5 writt5 by ! *a/e/ poets1 & t ! writ]s :o h writt5 mo/ purely h f\nd _! comp5sation 9 liv+ impurely4#e ,9 ! same mann] x has always be5 f\nd 9 ,*ri/5dom1 bo? among ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants1 t mu* ( ! mo/ lic5ti\s lit]ature has be5 writt5 by ! cl]gy1 by no means because ! cl]gy are a deprav$ class1 b precisely because ! au/]ity ( _! lives r5d]s necess>y = !m ^! emotional a?letics4 ,( c\rse1 f ! /&po9t ( simple nature1 su* lit]ature is bad1 x is m]ely a =m ( t obsc5ity :i*1 z ,huysmans has acutely rem>k$1 c1 only be produc$ by ^? :o are *a/e2 9 ,nature desire passes swiftly into action1 leav+ little or no trace on ! m9d4 ,a c]ta9 degree ( cont95ce--,i d n mean m]ely 9 ! region ( sex b 9 ! o!r fields ( human action also--is ne$$ z a bre$+-gr\nd = ! dreams & images ( desire to develop into ! p]fect$ visions ( art4 ,b ! po9t ( view ( society is sc>cely t ( unadult]at$ nature4 ,9 society we h n always room = ! swift & free passage ( impulse into action2 to avoid ! evils ( repress$ impulse ?is play ( ! emotions on a high] & s]5] plane becomes ess5tial4 ,j z we ne$ a?letics to exp& & h>monise ! co>s] unus$ en]gies ( ! organism1 s we ne$ art & lit]ature to exp& & h>monise its f9] en]gies1 emotion be+1 z x may n be sup]flu\s to po9t out1 itself l>gely a muscul> process1 motion 9 a m or less arre/$ =m1 s t !re is "h m ?an a m]e analogy4 ,art f ?is po9t ( view is ! a?letics ( ! emotions4 ,! adv5tures ( fairy-l&--( :i* = our age ,i take ,casanova's ,mmoires z ! type--con/itute an important "p ( ?is a?letics4 ,x may be abus$1 j z we h ! gross] excesses ( ! runn] & ! cycli/2 b x is ! abuse & n ! use :i* is p]nici\s1 & "u ! artificial conditions ( civilisation ! contemplation ( ! life & adv5tures ( ! h]oically natural man is an ex]cise ) f9e spiritual uses4 ,su* lit]ature ?us has a moral value3 x helps u to live peacefully )9 ! highly specialis$ r\t9e ( civilisation4 ,t is ! und]ly+ ju/ification = ,casanova's ,mmoires z moral lit]ature4 ,b !re is no reason :y x %\ld em]ge into consci\sness :5 we take up ^! ,mmoires1 any m ?an a man ne$ take up a bran* ( physical a?letics ) any def9ite hygi5ic aim4 ,x is suffici5t to be mov$ by ! pure enjoym5t ( x4 ,& !re mu/ be some?+ un:olesome & abnormal--some?+ corrupt at ! core--9 any civilis$ man or woman :o _c w9 "s enjoym5t f ?is book4 ,,iii4 ,! m ,i contemplate ! eighte5? c5tury ! m int]e/+ ,i f9d x4 ,9 my y\? x seem$ to me unwor?y ( a glance4 ,! books & ! m51 ,%elley above all1 :o /irr$ my "y blood belong$ to ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury4 ,i 0 l$ to reg>d ! la/ c5tury z a dull p]iod ( /agnation & decay1 a tomb into :i* ! _s ( man sank aft] ! sl[ dea? :i* foll[$ ! ,r5aissance4 ,! dawn ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 0 an ,ea/] ,day ( ! human s\l1 ris+ f ! sepul*re & fl++ aside ! old eighte5? c5tury w9d+-%eet4 ,i h no?+ yet to say aga9/ ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury1 :i* 0 inde$ only ! outcome ( ! ye>s t w5t be=e1 b ,i h ga9$ a new delight 9 ! m5 ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,x 0 9 t age t ! ,engli% _s f\nd its mo/ complete intellectual expression1 unaffect$ by =eign influ5ce4 ,:5 t _s1 reviv+ aft] ! w>s t lam5tably cut %ort ! developm5t ( ,*auc]'s magnific5t song1 aga9 began its free lit]>y developm5t--no d\bt ) "s /imulus f ,humanism--x 0 sudd5ly smo!r$ at bir? by ! ,r5aissance wave f ,italy & ,france4 ,we may div9e h[ x w\ld h develop$ indep5d5tly if we ?9k ( ,john ,heywood's dramatic sket*es--pale z ^? are aft] ! ,mill]'s tale 9 :i* = ! fir/ & la/ "t ,*auc] p]fectly mat$ ,engli% realism to ! lyric grace ( ,engli% idealism--& to "s ext5t1 also1 :5 we turn to ! lat] ,heywood's plays1 or ,dekk]'s1 & especially to ! robu/ & tol]ant humanity1 ! sob] arti/ic bread? ( ! "o play ( ,port]'s :i* has come d[n to u4 ,b ! intoxicat+ melodies ( ,rons>d & 8 fell[s 7 he>d f ov] sea1 & ! m5 ( ! ,engli% ,r5aissance arose--,lyly & ,lodge & ,campion ) _! ref9em5ts1 ,gre5e & ,na% ) _! gay & brilliant music1 ,m>l[e ) 8 arrogant1 irresi/ible en]gy--& br\ght to bir? an absolutely new _s1 :i* may h be5 ,engli% en\gh 9 its ri* & virg9al elem5ts1 b receiv$ ! sem9al pr9ciple f abroad4 ,x ne$$ a c5tury & m = t magnific5t tumult to subside1 & = ! old ,engli% _s to reappe> & rea* at la/ full maturity1 by happy *ance aga9 9 association ) ,france1 ?\gh ?is "t x is ,engl& t *iefly plays ! mascul9e "p & impregnates ,france4 ,?us ! eighte5? c5tury 0 an age 9 :i* ! ,engli% _s f\nd complete self-expression1 & also an age 9 :i* ,engl& & ,france jo9$ h&s intellectually1 & /ood toge!r at ! summit ( civilisation1 ) no rivals1 unless ,goe! & ,kant may suffice to /& = a :ole p4 ,9 ! great ,engli%m5 ( ^! days we f9d ! qualities :i* are truly native to ,brita91 & :i* h too (t5 be5 torn & di/ract$ by insane ab]rations4 ,!re is a f9e sobriety & sagacity 9 ! ,engli% _s1 a mell[ human solidity1 su* z ! ,romans possess$ always1 b :i* we 9 our mi/y & /orm-swept isl& h (t5 ex*ang$1 p]haps = bett]1 b c]ta9ly = o!r qualities4 ,x 0 n s 9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 & by no accid5t ! hi/orian :o has mo/ f9ely express$ ! g5ius ( ,rome 0 an eighte5? c5tury ,engli%man4 ,all ! mo/ typical m5 ( t age possess$ 9 v>y+ degree ! same qualities3 ,locke1 ,swift1 ,field+1 ,hume1 ,ri*>dson1 ,goldsmi?1 ,hog>?1 ,johnson1 ,godw94 ,?us ! eighte5? c5tury %\ld und\bt$ly be a s\rce ( pride to ! ,briti% he>t4 ,engl&'s reputation 9 ! _w re/s l>gely on our poetic aptitudes & our political capacity4 ,eighte5? c5tury ,engl& is n obvi\sly pre-em95t 9 ei!r respect1 al?\gh x 0 ! great age ( our political developm5t & ! se$-"t ( our second great poetic age2 x produc$ sc>cely m ?an a s+le fir/-class poet exclusively )9 its limits1 & x lo/ ,am]ica4 ,yet our greate/ philosoph]1 our greate/ hi/orian1 our greate/ biograph]1 ne>ly all our greate/ noveli/s1 our great initiators 9 pa9t+1 :o 7 indirectly ! initiators ( ! great] art ( ,france1 belong :olly to ?is c5tury1 & an unequall$ clu/] ( our greate/ poets belongs to its close4 ,& ^! m5 7 m>k$ by sanity & ca?olicity1 a sup]b solidity ( _s2 !y became g5u9ely cosmopolitan )\t los+ any ( _! indig5\s virtues4 ,)\t ! eighte5? c5tury we %\ld nev] h kn[n _m ( ! greate/ qualities :i* are lat5t1 & too (t5 only lat5t1 9 our race4 ,l&or & ,wordswor? alone 7 left to c>ry some?+ ( ! _s ( ! ,engli% eighte5? c5tury f> on into ! lit]ature ( our own :olly ali5 c5tury4 ,& _! bro!rs ( ,france 7 _! mo/ wor?y pe]s4 ,?is _s1 inde$1 :i* we see s conspicu\sly 9 ! f9e/ m5 ( _! age 9 ,engl& & ,france1 0 s+ul>ly widespread ?r\gh\t ,europe1 a *e]ful sobriety1 a solid humanity1 little tr\bl$ by any ( ^? 8movem5ts0 :i* 7 to become s prolific & s noisy 9 ! next c5tury4 ,*ri/ianity1 x seem$1 0 decay+4 ,did]ot1 well in=m$ on ,engli% affairs1 wrote to a fri5d t 9 a few ye>s x w\ld be ext9ct1 & look+ at ! /ate ( ! ,engli% ,*ur* at t "t1 no "o c\ld reasonably h surmis$ t ,z9z5dorf 9 ,g]many1 & aft] him ,wesley 9 ,engl& on a l[] plane & ,law on a high] plane1 _h already initiat$ t revival ( ,*ri/ianity :i* 9 our own c5tury 0 de/9$ to "w itself out s ob/rep]\sly4 ,b ! _w seem$ none ! worse = ! app>5t subsid5ce ( ,*ri/ianity2 9 ! op9ion ( _m x seem$ to be v mu* ! bett]4 ,! tol]ant paganism ( classic days appe>$ to be reass]t+ itself1 robu/ly 9 ,engl&1 ) a delicate ref9em5t 9 ,france1--sett+ ! paganism ( ,watteau aga9/ ! paganism ( ,field+--:ile ,goe! & ! ,g]mans g5]ally 7 /riv+ to rescue & h>monise ! be/ ( ,*ri/ianity ) ! be/ ( antiquity4 ,european civilisation 0 fully exp&$2 = a long "t no great di/urb+ =ce _h aris51 & ?\gh on e side ! t5d] buds ( com+ gr[?s might h be5 detect$1 !y c\ld n yet reveal _! /r5g?4 ,su* a p]iod c]ta9ly has its t]rible defects2 mell[ness is n f> f rott5ness4 ,b !n y\? also has its defects1 & its crude acidity is /ill fur!r f p]fection4 ,! n9ete5? c5tury has a high] moral /&>d ?an ! eighte5?1 s at lea/ we 9 our self-righte\sness h be5 accu/om$ to ?9k4 ,b ev5 if s1 ! ab/ract exi/5ce ( a high moral /&>d is ano!r ?+ f ! preval5ce ( high moral liv+4 ,:atev] ! /&>d may be1 x is a "q :e!r ! lives are mu* diff]5t4 ,9 ! "o case ! /&>d is mu* above ! practice1 9 ! o!r only a little above x--t is ! *ief diff]5ce4 ,& ! advantages ( w9d+ ! /&>d up to ! high] pit* are n s unmix$ z is sometimes assum$4 ,"o ne$ n "q ^! advantages1 well recognis$ 9 ! pres5t c5tury4 ,b ! advantages ( a l[] /&>d are less (t5 recognis$4 ,!re is especially ! great advantage t we atta9 a high] degree ( s9c]ity1 & s9c]ity1 if n itself ! prime virtue1 is surely1 :atev] ! virtue may be1 its *ief accompanim5t4 ,a life t is swa!d & de=m$ 9 mu* drap]y is n s :olesome or s effective z "o t c live ne>] to ! sun4 ,& ! unrecognisable villa9 is mo/ p]nici\s2 ! brig& :o holds a revolv] at y\r head is bett] ?an ! sleek & well-dress$ ?ief :o op5s ! proce$+s ) pray]4 ,! eighte5? has be5 call$ a gross & un9tellig5t c5tury4 ,9 ! dep>tm5t ( criticism1 inde$1 ?is c5tury 9 ,engl& 7= x 0 f> o!rwise 9 ,g]many7 comes v %ort ( our own c5tury1 & x is l>gely ?is failure to measure ! precise value ( ?+s 9 /hetic p]ception :i* n[ makes t age seem s %ock+4 ,f ?is po9t ( view e great age--& n lea/ our own greate/ ,elizabe?an age--is equally defective4 ,a p]iod ( en]getic life _c af=d to sp5d mu* "t on ! solit>y contemplation ( its own b[els ( /hetic emotion4 ,to produce a ,pat] is ! "o exquisite function ( a spiritually b>r5 & exhau/$ age4 ,& /ill ! eighte5? c5tury r$eems its critical grossness by mak+ ev5 ?is lat] developm5t possible2 x lift$ ! man ( lett]s f ! place ( a dep5d5t to ! place ( a free man boldly prophesy+ 9 8 own "r2 &1 moreov]1 x 0 ! fir/ c5tury :i* d>$ to claim ! complete equality ( m5 & wom5 ) all :i* t involves4 ,if x has requir$ a c]ta9 insight = ! *ild ( our own c5tury to discov] ! great qualities ( ! la/ c5tury1 !re _c be mu* d\bt ab\t ! f9al judgm5t ( ! mo/ compet5t judges4 ,! eighte5? 01 z ,r5\vi] has call$ x1 ! fir/ c5tury ( humanity s9ce ,*ri/1 :ile at ! same "t1 z ,lange has said1 x 0 p5etrat$ ?r\gh by ! se>* = ! ideal1 or1 z a m rec5t ?9k] concludes1 x 0 a c5tury dom9at$ by ! maxim ,salus populi suprema e/ lex1 hold+ 9 its noble aspirations aft] g5]al happ9ess ! g]ms ( all mod]n socialism4 ,9 art & lit]ature x saw ! fre% spr+ ( ^? blossoms :i* op5$ s spl5didly & fad$ s swiftly 9 our c5tury2 x 0 ! c5tury n only ( ,hog>? & ,field+ & ,voltaire1 b ( ,blake & ,r\sseau1 ( ,did]ot1 ( ,sw$5borg & ,mesm]1 ( ! developm5t ( mod]n music ) ,moz>t & ,bee?ov51 ( ! unp>allel$ en?usiasm awak5$ by ! discov]y ( ! ,keltic _w4 ,& z its cr[n+ glory ! eighte5? c5tury claims ,goe!4 ,m5 w sc>cely look back to our own c5tury z s good to live 94 ,"o may well say t he w\ld h gladly liv$ 9 ! ?irte5? c5tury1 p]haps ! mo/ int]e/+ ( all s9ce ,*ri/1 or 9 ! sixte5?1 probably ! mo/ alive ( all1 or ! eighte5?1 surely ! mo/ human4 ,b :y h liv$ 9 ! n9ete5?1 ! gold5 age ( ma*9]y1 & ( m5 us$ z ma*9es8 ,eighte5? c5tury ,europe1 be+ :at x 01 =m$ a p]fect /age = ,casanova to play 8 "p on4 ,) 8 ,spani% & ,italian blood1 he 0 ( ! race ( ^? :o _h come s actively to ! front 9 ! la/ days ( old classic ,rome1 & 8 imm$iate ance/ors _h liv$ 9 ! c5tre ( ! pagan ,rome ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,?us he c>ri$ ) him traditions :i* consort$ well ) mu* 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,& he _h t 9 him1 moreov]1 :i* no tradition c give1 ! incommunicable vitality 9 ! pres5ce ( :i* all tradition %rivels into no?+ness4 ,casanova knew n only ,italy1 ,france1 ,engl&1 ,g]many1 & ,holl&2 he _h visit$ ,spa91 ,russia1 ,pol&1 ,greece1 ,turkey1 & ,asia ,m9or4 ,he 0 receiv$ by ,b5$ict ,,xii41 by ,fr$]ick ,,ii4 ( ,prussia1 by ! ,empress ,ca!r9e1 by ,joseph ,,ii4 ,he 0 at home 9 ,p>is1 9 ,london1 9 ,b]l91 9 ,vi5na2 he knew ,muni*1 ,dresd51 ,mosc[1 ,/4 ,pet]sburg1 ,w>saw1 ,b>celona4 ,8 picture ( ,london is ( great int]e/4 ,he sp5t mu* ( ! ye> #agfc !re1 & "s ( 8 mo/ int]e/+ exp]i5ces1 romantic & psy*ological1 occurr$ dur+ t p]iod4 ,he ev5 dat$ ! close ( :at he calls ! second act 9 ! com$y ( 8 life f t visit to ,london1 ! next & conclud+ act be+ "o ( sl[ decl9ation4 ,s pr(\nd 0 8 depression at ?is "t t "o day he w5t t[>ds ! ,?ames at ! ,t[] ) ! delib]ate int5tion ( dr[n+ himself1 hav+ fir/ fill$ 8 pockets ) bullets to ensure s9k+4 ,=tunately an ,engli% fri5d 7to :om ! _w owes ?anks7 met him on ! way1 read 8 resolve 9 8 face1 & insi/$ on c>ry+ him (f to a v convivial p>ty1 ^: indecor\s proce$+s1 al?\gh ,casanova only rema9$ a passive witness1 s]v$ to dissipate all ?\ghts ( suicide4 ,he is n1 h[ev]1 prejudic$ aga9/ ,engl&2 on ! contr>y1 he f9ds t no nation (f]s s _m int]e/+ peculi>ities to ! att5tive obs]v]4 ,z usual1 9 ,london ,casanova mix$ indiscrim9ately ) ! be/ & ! wor/ society2 8 wit1 8 k1 8 imp]turbable effront]y1 8 *>m+ conv]sation1 s]v$ to op5 any door t he desir$ to op54 ,he gives u curi\s glimpses into ! lives ( ,engli% noblem5 ( ! day1 & n less intimate pictures ( ! *evali]s d'indu/rie :o prey$ ^u !m4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "o adv5ture ) p ( ! latt] sort he 0 hal$ be=e ! em95t bl9d magi/rate ,sir ,john ,field+1 :om he seems to h mi/ak51 ?\gh ?is is n q cle>1 = 8 yet m em95t bro!r ,h5ry4 ,he also met ,kitty ,fis*]1 ! mo/ fa%ionable cocotte ( h] day1 :om we may yet see z ,reynolds caught h] 9 a well-inspir$ mom5t1 dilat+ h] s5sitive no/rils1 radiantly inhal+ ! joy ( life1 & he tells u anecdotes ( h] extravagance1 ( ! jewels %e wore1 ( ! ?\s& gu9ea banknote :i* %e ate 9 a s&wi*4#f ,?r\gh\t ,europe ,casanova knew _m ( ! mo/ celebrat$ p ( 8 "t1 ?\gh x is cle>--z "o w\ld expect f a man ( 8 imp>tial humanity--he seldom w5t out ( 8 way to meet !m4 ,8 visit to ,voltaire is a di/9ct contribution to our k ( t sage2 he admir$ ,helvetius1 & wond]$ h[ a man ( s _m virtues c\ld h d5i$ virtue2 ,d',alemb]t he ?\ght ! mo/ truly mode/ man he _h ev] met1 an int]e/+ tribute f ! mo/ truly immode/ man ( t p]iod4 ,! value ( ,casanova's record ( ! eighte5? c5tury lies1 h[ev]1 by no means 9 ! glimpses he has giv5 u ( great p]sonalities3 t has be5 mu* bett] done by mu* m insignificant writ]s4 ,x is z a picture ( ! mann]s & cu/oms ( ! eighte5? c5tury ?r\gh\t ,europe t ! ,mmoires are invaluable4 ,casanova saw ,europe f ! c\rts ( k+s to ! l[e/ bas fonds4 ,he liv$ 9 ! ca/les ( ,fr5* & ,italian nobles1 9 ! com=table homes ( ,dut* m]*ants1 9 8 own h\se 9 ,pall ,mall1 9 tav]ns & inns & peasants' cottages any:]e4 ,he _h no intellectual prejudices1 he _h an imm5se v]satility 9 ta/es & practical aptitudes1 he 0 g5u9ely int]e/$ 9 all human ?+s4 ,?us he approa*$ life ) no /]eotyp$ set ( op9ions1 b ) all ! alo(ness ( an unclass$ adv5tur]1 :o 0 at ! same "t a s*ol> & a man ( lett]s4 ,x c sc>cely be t !re is any record to comp>e ) ?is z a vivid & imp>tial picture ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 9 its robu/ solidity1 its *e]ful & tol]ant scepticism1 its s]5e & easy gaiety1 its mell[ decay4 ,t is our f9al debt to ?is unique & immortal book4 ,:at %\ld be our la/ ^w ab\t ,casanova8 ,x is true t al?\gh--if inde$ "o %\ld n say because--he 0 s h]oically natural ,casanova 0 n an av]age normal man4 ,x is sc>cely giv5 to ! av]age man to exp5d su* v]satile & reckless skill 9 ! field ( ! _w1 or to f9d s l>ge a "p :]e9 to play (f t skill4 ,b nei!r are ! sa9ts & philosoph]s normal2 ,/4 ,b]n>d 0 n normal1 nor yet ,sp9oza4 ,& surely x is a poor picture ( ! _w :i* w\ld %[ u ,/4 ,b]n>d & ,sp9oza & %ut out ,casanova4 8,v\s avez l'outil univ]sel10 ,fabrice said to ,gil ,blas4 ,casanova's bra9 0 j su* a tool ( univ]sal use1 & he nev] fail$ to use x4 ,= if y w\ld f9d ! supreme type ( ! human animal 9 ! complete/ developm5t ( 8 rankness & cunn+1 9 ! v pl5itude ( 8 mo/ excell5t wits1 ,i "k n :]e y may m safely g ?an to ! ,mmoires ( ! self-ennobl$ ,jacques ,casanova ,*evali] de ,se+alt4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #e3 ,i take ! fir/ example :i* comes to h&1 = :atev] x may be wor?3--8,luttrell 0 talk+ ( ,moore & ,rog]s--! poetry ( ! =m] s lic5ti\s1 t ( ! latt] s pure2 mu* ( its popul>ity ow+ to its be+ s c>efully we$$ ( ev]y?+ approa*+ to indelicacy2 & ! contra/ betwe5 ! lives & ! works ( ! two m5--! =m] a patt]n ( conjugal & dome/ic regul>ity1 ! latt] ( all ! m5 he _h ev] kn[n ! greate/ s5suali/0 7,greville's ,memoirs1 vol4 iii4 p4 #cbd74 ,footnote #f3 ,= ano!r side ( life we may read 8 description ( ! ,engli% ,sunday3--8,on ,sunday "o d>es nei!r to play at c>ds nor to p]=m music4 ,! num]\s spies :o infe/ ! /reets ( ?is capital li/5 to ! s\nds :i* come f ! p>l\rs ( ! h\ses1 & if !y suspect any gam+ or s++ !y conceal !mselves & slip 9 at ! fir/ opportunity to seize ^? bad ,*ri/ians :o d>e to pr(ane ! ,"l's ,day by amusem5ts :i* ev]y:]e else are c\nt$ innoc5t4 ,9 rev5ge ! ,engli% may g ) impunity to sanctify ! holy day 9 ! tav]ns & bro!ls :i* are s pl5tiful 9 ?is city40 ,"o may comp>e ) ?is ,mme4 de ,/al's almo/ ,dantesque description--s at lea/ x rema9s 9 ! memory--( ! gloom ( ! ,scot* ,sabba? 9 ! days ( ,burns4 ,?is /atem5t ( ! matt] rema9$ sub/antially accurate until almo/ ye/]day4 ,s long x rema9$ = ! ,engli% _s to re-conqu] ,sunday6 ,x mu/ be rememb]$ t ,puritanism1 :ile always a "p ( ! ,engli% _s1 0 n orig9ally its pr$om9ant note2 x only became s z an inevitable reaction aga9/ ! exotic ,r5aissance movem5t4 ,m>y ,/u>t made ,knox1 ,*>les ,i4 made ,cromwell1 & bo? mon>*s 7 intimately associat$ ) ! la/ wave ( ! ,r5aissance4 ,,zola4 ,,zola',s "n--a b>b>\s1 explosive "n1 l an an>*i/'s bomb--has be5 toss$ ab\t amid hoots & yells = a qu>t] ( a c5tury4 ,9 e civilis$ c\ntry we h he>d ( ! man :o has dragg$ lit]ature into ! gutt]1 :o has gone d[n to pick up ! fil? ( ! /reets1 & has put x into books = ! fil?y to read4 ,& 9 e civilis$ c\ntry 8 books h be5 read1 by ! hundr$ ?\s&4 ,to-day1 8 great life-"w is complet$4 ,at ! same "t1 ! upro> t x ar\s$ has1 to a l>ge ext5t1 fall5 sil5t4 ,n t !re is any g5]al agreem5t z to ! rank ( ! au?or ( ! ,r\gon-,macqu>t s]ies2 b ! /orms t greet$ x h worn !mselves out1 & x is recognis$ t !re are at lea/ two sides to ?is z to any o!r "q4 ,su* a "t is fav\rable to ! calm discussion ( ,zola's precise position4 ,! fundam5tal ass]tion ( ^? :o1 9 _! irreconcilable opposition to ,zola1 h rightly felt t abuse is n argum5t1 has always be5 t ,zola is no arti/4 ,! matt] has usually pres5t$ itself to !m z a "q ( ,idealism v]sus ,realism4 ,idealism1 z us$ by ! lit]>y critic1 seems to mean a c>eful selection ( ! facts ( life = arti/ic treatm5t1 c]ta9 facts be+ suit$ = treatm5t 9 ! novel1 c]ta9 o!r facts be+ n s suit$2 :ile ! reali/1 f ! lit]>y critic's po9t ( view1 is "o :o fl+s all facts indiscrim9ately into 8 pages4 ,i ?9k t is a fair /atem5t ( ! matt]1 = ! lit]>y critic does n def9e v cle>ly2 /ill less does he ask himself h[ f> ! idealism he advocates is m]ely traditional1 nor1 usually1 to :at ext5t ! mann] ( pres5tation %\ld influ5ce u4 ,he does n ask himself ^! que/ions1 nor ne$ we ask him1 = 9 ! case ( ,zola 7or1 inde$1 ( any o!r s-call$ 8reali/07 !re is no su* di/9ction4 ,!re is no absolute realism1 m]ely a v>iety ( idealisms2 ! only absolute realism w\ld be a phonographic record1 illu/rat$ photographically1 aft] ! mann] ( ! c9ematograph4 ,zola is j z mu* an ideali/ z ,george ,s&4 ,x is true t he selects v l>gely f mat]ial ?+s1 & t he selects v pr(usely4 ,b ! selection rema9s1 & :]e !re is delib]ate selection !re is art4 ,we ne$ n tr\ble ourselves "h--& ,i d\bt :e!r we are ev] call$ ^u to tr\ble ourselves--ab\t 8,realism0 & 8,idealism40 ,! que/ions are3 ,has ! arti/ select$ ! "r mat]ials8 ,has he select$ !m ) due re/ra9t8 ,! fir/ "q is a l>ge "o1 &1 9 ,zola's case at all ev5ts1 x _c1 ,i ?9k1 be answ]$ on purely /hetic gr\nds2 ! second may be answ]$ )\t difficulty4 ,zola has himself answ]$ x2 he admits t he has be5 c>ri$ away by 8 en?usiasm1 & p]haps1 also1 by 8 extraord9>y memory = rec5tly-acquir$ facts 7a memory l a sponge1 z he has put x1 quickly swoll5 & quickly empti$72 he has s[n details across 8 page ) too pr(use a h&4 ,x is ! same k9d ( error z ,:itman made1 impell$ by ! same k9d ( en?usiasm4 ,zola exp5ds imm5se tr\ble to get 8 facts2 he has told h[ he ransack$ ! !ologians to obta9 body & col\r = ,la ,faute de l',abb ,m\ret1 p]haps ! be/ ( 8 e>li] books4 ,b he c]ta9ly sp5t no m prelim9>y lab\r on x ?an ,flaub]t sp5t on ,madame ,bov>y1 v f> less ?an ,flaub]t sp5t on ! /udy ( ,c>?age = ,salammb4 ,b ! results are diff]5t2 ! "o arti/ gets 8 effects by pr(usion & multiplicity ( t\*es1 ! o!r by ! delib]ate self-re/ra9t ) :i* he selects & emphasises solely ! sali5t & significant t\*es4 ,! latt] me?od seems to /rike m swiftly & deeply ! ends ( art4 ,?ree /rokes ) ! bru% ( ,frans ,hals are wor? a ?\s& ( ,d5n]'s4 ,ri* & m9ute detail may impress u1 b x irritates & we>ies 9 ! end4 ,if a man takes 8 two *ildr5 on to 8 knees1 x matt]s little :e!r he places ,lnore on 8 "r knee & ,h5ri on 8 left1 or ! o!r way ab\t2 ! man himself may fail to "k or to realise1 & ! m int5se 8 feel+s ! less likely is he to "k4 ,:5 we are liv+ deeply1 ! facts ( our ext]nal life d n pres5t !mselves to u 9 elaborate detail2 a v few po9ts are--z x has be5 t]m$--focal 9 consci\sness1 :ile ! re/ are m>g9al 9 subconsci\sness4 ,a few ?+s /& out vividly at ea* mom5t ( life2 ! re/ are dim4 ,! supreme arti/ is %[n by ! insight & boldness ) :i* he seizes & illum9ates ^! bright po9ts at ea* /age1 leav+ ! m>g9al elem5ts 9 due subord9ation4 ,dramati/s s unlike z ,=d & ,ibs51 noveli/s s unlike z ,flaub]t & ,tol/oi1 yet alike impress u by ! simple vividness ( _! arti/ic effects4 ,! me?ods adopt$ by ,zola r5d] su* effects extremely difficult ( atta9m5t4 ,p]haps ! be/ pro( ( ,zola's rem>kable art is ! skill ) :i* he has neutralis$ ! evil results ( 8 pond]\s me?od4 ,9 8 mo/ *>act]i/ic novels1 z ,l',assommoir1 ,nana1 ,g]m9al1 8 ef=ts to atta9 sali5t p]spective 9 ! mass ( trivial or te*nical ?+s--to build a s+le elaborate effect out ( manifold details--are (t5 admirably conduct$4 ,take1 = in/ance1 ! ,voreux1 ! coal-pit :i* may almo/ be said to be ! h]o ( ,g]m9al r ?an any ( ! p]sons 9 ! book4 ,! details are n int]e/+1 b !y are c>efully elaborat$1 & ! ,voreux is f9ally symbolis$ z a /up5d\s idol1 sat$ ) human blood1 cr\*+ 9 its my/]i\s sanctu>y4 ,:5ev] ,zola wi%es to br+ ! ,voreux be=e u1 ?is =mula is repeat$4 ,& x is ! same1 9 a slight] degree1 ) ! o!r mat]ial p]sonalities ( ! book4 ,sometimes1 9 ! case ( a cr[d1 ?is =mula is simply a cry4 ,x is s ) ! ,p>isian mob :o yell 8,a ,b]l960 9 ! highly-wr\ght conclusion to ,nana2 x is s ) ! cr[d ( /rik]s 9 ,g]m9al :o %\t = bread4 ,x is m ?an ! tricky repetition ( a ^w or a ge/ure1 ov]done by ,dick5s & o!rs2 x is ! artful manipulation ( a c>efully-elaborat$1 significant phrase4 ,zola seems to h be5 ! fir/ :o has1 delib]ately & sy/ematically1 introduc$ ?is sort ( leit-motiv into lit]ature1 z a me?od ( summ>is+ a complex mass ( details1 & br++ ! total impression ( !m be=e ! read]4 ,9 ?is way he contrives to m9imise ! defects ( 8 me?od1 & to r5d] 8 complex detail focal4 ,he sometimes atta9s poignantly simple effects by ! m]e repetition ( a leit-motiv at ! "r mom5t4 ,& he is able at times1 also1 to ?r[ aside 8 detail$ me?od altoge!r1 & to rea* effects ( tragic int5sity4 ,! mutilation ( ,maigrat's corpse is a sc5e :i* c sc>cely h be5 describ$ 9 a novel be=e4 ,giv5 ! subject1 ,zola's treatm5t ( x has ! /r5g?1 brevity1 & c]ta9ty ( t\* :i* only belong to great ma/]s ( art4 ,t ,zola is a great ma/] ( 8 art1 ,l',assommoir & ,g]m9al--:i*1 s f> z ,i h read ,zola1 seem 8 two f9e/ works--are en\gh to prove4 ,su* works are relat$ to ! ord9>y novel mu* z ,wagn]'s music-dramas are relat$ to ! ord9>y ,italian op]a4 ,wagn] rea*es a l(ti] height ( art ?an ,zola2 he _h a m complete grasp ( all ! elem5ts he took 9 h& to unite4 ,zola has n se5 ) suffici5t cle>ness ! po9t ( view ( sci5ce1 & ! limits ( its capacity = h>monis+ ) fiction2 nor has he ) p]fect sur5ess ( vision always realis$ ! ends ( art4 ,he has left f> too mu* ( ! scaffold+ /&+ amid 8 huge lit]>y /ructures2 !re is too mu* m]e brute fact :i* has n be5 wr\ght into art4 ,b1 if ,zola is n among ! _w's greate/ arti/s1 ,i d n ?9k we c f9ally d5y t he is a great arti/4 ,to look at ,zola f ! purely arti/ic /&po9t1 h[ev]1 is sc>cely to see him at all4 ,8 significance = ! _w g5]ally1 & ev5 = lit]ature1 lies less 9 a c]ta9 me?od ( us+ 8 mat]ial--z x may be said to lie1 = example1 9 ! case ( ! ,gonc\rts--?an 9 ! mat]ial itself1 & ! impulses & ideas t prompt$ 8 selection ( t mat]ial4 ,^! gr[+ piles ( l>ge books are ! volcanic ejecta ( an orig9al & exub]ant temp]am5t4 ,to und]/& !m we mu/ inve/igate ?is temp]am5t4 ,a consid]able & confus$ am\nt ( racial en]gy 0 /or$ up 9 ,zola4 ,at once ,fr5*1 ,italian1 & ,greek--) a "m f ! c5tral ,beauce c\ntry ( ,france1 m fruitful 9 corn ?an 9 intellect1 & a fa!r ( mix$ ,italian & ,greek race1 a me*anical g5ius 9 8 way1 ) en?usia/ic en]gies & l>ge s*emes--he pres5ts a curi\s comb9ation ( pot5tial =ces1 p]haps n altoge!r a v promis+ comb9ation4 ,"o notes t ! me*anical eng9e] 9 ! fa!r seems to h p]si/$ 9 ! son1 n necess>ily by h]$ity1 b p]haps by e>ly famili>ity & association4 ,"y ,zola 0 a delicate *ild & by no means a brilliant s*oolboy1 ?\gh he once won a prize = memory2 su* ability z he %[$ 0 9 ! direction ( sci5ce2 he _h no lit]>y aptitudes4 ,he seems to h adopt$ lit]ature *iefly because p5 & ink come h&ie/ to ! eag] en]gies ( a poor cl]k4 ,x is sc>cely fanciful to detect ! me*anical aptitudes /ill4 ,j z all ,huxley's natural in/9cts 7 t[>ds me*anics1 & 9 physiology he always s\ght = ! 8g0 ( ! organism1 s ,zola1 h[ev] imp]fect 8 sci5tific equipm5t may be1 has always s\ght = ! 8g0 ( ! social organism4 ,! hi/ory ( ! ,r\gon-,macqu>t family is a /udy 9 social ma!matics3 giv5 c]ta9 family /ra9s1 :at is ! dynamic h]$it>y outcome ( _! contact8 ,to ! mak+ ( ,zola !re w5t1 !re=e1 ?is curi\s racial bl5d1 z a soil ready to be f]tilis$ by any new se$1 & a c]ta9 almo/ in/9ctive t5d5cy to look at ?+s f ! me*anical & mat]ial po9t ( view4 ,to ^!1 9 v e>ly life1 a ?ird factor 0 add$ ( ! fir/ importance4 ,dur+ long ye>s aft] 8 fa!r's dea?1 ,zola1 z a *ild & y\?1 suff]$ f pov]ty1 pov]ty almo/ am\nt+ to actual />vation1 ! t]rible pov]ty ( respectability4 ,! :ole temp] ( 8 "w & 8 outlook on ! _w are cle>ly condition$ by ?is prolong$ />vation ( adolesc5ce4 ,! timid & res]v$ y\?--= su*1 x is said1 has be5 ,zola's "* bo? 9 y\? & manhood--0 %ut up ) 8 fre% en]gies 9 a g>ret :ile ! panorama ( ! ,p>is _w 0 unfold$ bel[ him4 ,=c$ bo? by circum/ances & by temp]am5t to practise ! /ricte/ *a/ity & sobriety1 !re 0 b "o indulg5ce left op5 to him1 an orgy ( vision4 ,( ?is1 z we read 8 books1 we _c d\bt t he fully avail$ himself1 = ea* volume ( ! ,r\gon-,macqu>t s]ies is an orgy ( mat]ial vision4#g ,zola rema9$ *a/e1 &1 x is said1 he is /ill sob]--?\gh we are told t 8 melan*oly morose face lights up l a g\rmet's at ! h\r ( 8 ab/emi\s d9n]--b ?is e>ly eag]ness to absorb ! sights z well z ! s\nds1 & "o may add ! smells1 ( ! ext]nal _w1 has at l5g? become m\ld$ into a r\t9e me?od4 ,to take "s corn] ( life1 & to catalogue e detail ( x1 to place a liv+ p]son !re1 & to describe e sight & smell & s\nd ar\nd him1 al?\gh he himself may be q unconsci\s ( !m--t1 9 ! simple/ =m1 is ! recipe = mak+ a roman exprim5tal4 ,! me?od1 ,i wi% to insi/1 0 root$ 9 ! au?or's exp]i5ce ( ! _w4 ,life only came to him z ! sights1 s\nds1 smells1 t rea*$ 8 g>ret w9d[4 ,8 s\l seems to h be5 />v$ at ! c5tre1 & to h encamp$ at ! s5sory p]iph]y4 ,he nev] ta/$ deep ( life1 he /or$ up none ( ^? wells ( purely p]sonal emotion f :i* great arti/s h hoi/$ up ! preci\s fluid :i* makes ! bright liv+ blood ( _! creations4 ,h[ diff]5t he is 9 ?is respect f ! o!r great noveli/ ( our day1 :o has also be5 a volcanic =ce ( _w-wide significance6 ,tol/oi comes be=e u z a man :o has himself liv$ deeply1 a man :o has _h an int5se ?ir/ = life1 & :o has satisfi$ t ?ir/4 ,he has crav$ to "k life1 to "k wom51 ! joy ( w9e1 ! fury ( battle1 ! ta/e ( ! pl\ghman's sweat 9 ! field4 ,he has kn[n all ^! ?+s1 n z mat]ial to make books1 b z ! slak+ ( in/9ctive p]sonal passions4 ,& 9 kn[+ !m he has /or$ up a weal? ( exp]i5ces f :i* he drew z he came to make books1 & :i* be> ab\t !m t peculi> haunt+ fragrance only yield$ by ! ?+s :i* h be5 liv$ ?r\gh1 p]sonally1 9 ! f> pa/4 ,zola's me?od has be5 q o!rwise3 :5 he wi%$ to describe a great h\se he sat outside ! palatial resid5ce ( ,m4 ,m5i]1 ! *ocolate manufactur]1 & imag9$ = himself ! luxuri\s fitt+s inside1 discov]+ 9 aft] ye>s t 8 description _h come f> %ort ( ! reality2 be=e writ+ ,nana1 he obta9$ an introduction to a c\rtesan1 ) :om he 0 privileg$ to lun*2 8 labori\s prep>ation = ! wond]ful acc\nt ( ! w> ( #ahgj1 9 ,la ,dbcle1 0 purely "o ( books1 docum5ts1 & second-h& exp]i5ces2 :5 he wi%$ to write ( lab\r he w5t to ! m9es & to ! fields1 b nev] appe>s to h done a day's manual "w4 ,zola's lit]>y me?ods are ^? ( ! p>v5u :o has tri$ to ?ru/ himself 9 f outside1 :o has nev] be5 seat$ at ! table ( life1 :o has nev] really liv$4 ,t is _! weakness4 ,x is also _! virtue4 ,!re is no s5se ( satiety 9 ,zola's "w z !re is 9 ,tol/oi's4 ,"o c und]/& h[ x is t1 al?\gh _! me?ods are s unlike1 ,tol/oi himself reg>ds ,zola z ! "o ,fr5* noveli/ ( ! day :o is really alive4 ,! />v$ lad1 ^: eyes 7 conc5trat$ ) long+ on ! visible _w1 has reap$ a c]ta9 rew>d f 8 intellectual *a/ity2 he has pres]v$ 8 cle>ness ( vision = mat]ial ?+s1 an eag]1 insatiable1 imp>tial vision4 ,he is a zealot 9 8 devotion to life1 to ! smalle/ details ( life4 ,he has f\ght l ! d\ghtie/ knight ( old-_w romance = 8 lady's hon\r1 & has suff]$ m contumely ?an !y all4 8,on b>de de f] nos ur9oirs60 he %\ts 9 a fury ( indignation 9 "o ( 8 essays2 x is a curi\s in/ance ( ! fanatic's au/]e det]m9ation t no b>ri] %all be set up to %ut out ! sights & smells ( ! ext]nal _w4 ,! virg9 fre%ness ( 8 ?ir/ = life gives its swell+1 y\?ful vig\r to 8 "w1 its irrepressible en]gy4 ,x has1 inde$1 happ5$ ) ?is unsatisfi$ en]gy z x w happ5 ) su* en]gies2 x has reta9$ its robu/ness at ! sacrifice ( ! sweetness x might o!rwise h ga9$4 ,!re is a c]ta9 bitt]ness 9 ,zola's fury ( vision1 z !re is also 9 8 gospel ( 8,"w6 "w6 "w60 ,"o is consci\s ( a savage assault on a citadel :i*1 ! assailant n[ well kn[s1 c nev] be scal$4 ,life _c be rea*$ by ! s5ses alone2 !re is always some?+ t _c be caught by ! utmo/ t5sion ( eyes & e>s & nose2 a well-balanc$ s\l is built up1 n alone on s5sory memories1 b also on ! h>moni\s satisfaction ( ! motor & emotional en]gies4 ,t c>d9al fact mu/ be fac$ ev5 :5 we are attempt+ to def9e ! fruitful & positive elem5t 9 ,zola's activity4 ,! *ief s]vice :i* ,zola has r5d]$ to 8 fell[-arti/s & successors1 ! reason ( ! imm5se /imulus he supplies1 seems to lie 9 ! pro(s he has br\ght ( ! lat5t arti/ic uses ( ! r\gh1 neglect$ details ( life4 ,! ,r\gon-,macqu>t s]ies has be5 to 8 weak] bre?r5 l t great %eet knit at ! f\r corn]s1 let d[n f ,heav5 full ( f\r-foot$ bea/s & creep+ ?+s & f[ls ( ! air1 & be>+ 9 x ! demon/ration t to ! arti/ z to ! morali/ no?+ c be call$ common or unclean4 ,x has h5ce=? become possible = o!r noveli/s to f9d inspiration :]e be=e !y c\ld nev] h turn$1 to t\* life ) a vig\r & audacity ( phrase :i*1 )\t ,zola's example1 !y w\ld h trembl$ to use1 :ile !y /ill rema9 free to br+ to _! "w ! simplicity1 precision1 & inn] exp]i5ce :i* he has nev] possess$4 ,zola has enl>g$ ! field ( ! novel4 ,he has br\ght ! mod]n mat]ial _w into fiction 9 a m def9ite & ?or\gh mann] ?an x has ev] be5 br\ght be=e1 j z ,ri*>dson br\ght ! mod]n emotional _w into fiction2 su* an a*ievem5t necess>ily m>ks an epo*4 ,9 spite ( all 8 blund]s1 ,zola has giv5 ! novel new p[] & directness1 a vig\r ( fibre :i* 0 h>d inde$ to atta91 b :i*1 once atta9$1 we may *a/5 z we w4 ,& 9 do+ ?is he has put out ( c\rt1 p]haps = ev]1 ^? un:olesome devotees ( ! noveli/'s art :o "w out ( _! vacuity1 hav+ nei!r inn] nor out] _w to tell (4 ,zola's delight 9 exub]ant detail1 x is true1 is op5 to sev]e criticism4 ,:51 h[ev]1 we look at 8 "w1 n z great art b z an important mom5t 9 ! evolution ( ! novel1 ?is exub]ance is amply ju/ifi$4 ,su* furi\s en]gy 9 hamm]+ home ?is demon/ration ( ! arti/ic utility ( ! :ole visible mod]n _w may detract f ! demon/rator's reputation = skill2 x has c]ta9ly add$ to ! =ce ( ! demon/ration4 ,zola's luxuriance ( detail--! h]itage ( t romantic movem5t ( :i* he 0 ! *ild--has ext5d$ imp>tially to e aspect ( life he has inve/igat$1 to ! work+ ( a m9e1 to ! vegetation ( ! ,p>ad\1 to ! ritual ( ! ,ca?olic ,*ur*4 ,b x is n on ! details ( inanimate life1 or ! elaborate description ( ! indu/rial & religi\s functions ( m51 t ! rage ( ,zola's adv]s>ies has *iefly be5 sp5t4 ,x is r on 8 use ( ! language ( ! common p & on 8 descriptions ( ! sexual & dige/ive functions ( humanity4 ,zola has us$ slang--! argot ( ! populace--copi\sly1 *iefly inde$ 9 ,l',assommoir1 :i* is pr(ess$ly a /udy ( l[ life1 b to a less ext5t 9 8 o!r books4 ,a consid]able "p ( ! p[] ( ,l',assommoir1 9 _m respects ,zola's mo/ p]fect "w1 lies 9 ! skill ) :i* he uses ! language ( ! p he is deal+ )2 ! read] is ba!d ?r\gh\t 9 an atmosph]e ( picturesque1 vigor\s1 (t5 co>se argot4 ,!re is1 no d\bt1 a lack ( critical sobriety 9 ! pr(usion & reit]ation ( vulg>isms1 ( co>se oa?s1 ( ! v>i$ common synonyms = common ?+s4 ,b !y a*ieve ! end t ,zola s\ght1 & s ju/ify !mselves4 ,!y are ( ev5 great] int]e/ z a prote/ aga9/ ! exagg]at$ purism :i* has rul$ ! ,fr5* language = ne>ly ?ree c5turies1 & :ile r5d]+ x a m delicate & precise in/rum5t = sci5tific purposes1 has caus$ x to become r bloodless & col\rless = ! arti/'s purposes1 z comp>$ ) ! spee* us$ by ,rabelais1 ,montaigne1 & ev5 ,molire1 ! great classics :o h *iefly influ5c$ ,zola4 ,! romantic movem5t ( ! pres5t c5tury1 x is true1 add$ col\r to ! language1 b sc>cely blood2 x 0 an exotic1 fev]i% col\r :i* has n p]man5tly enri*$ ,fr5* spee*4 ,a language r5d]$ anmic by ov]-cl>ification _c be f$ by exotic luxuries b by an increase 9 ! vigor\s /aples ( spee*1 & ,zola 0 on ! "r track :5 he w5t to ! p's common spee*1 :i* is (t5 classic 9 ! true s5se & always robu/4 ,d\btless he has be5 indiscrim9ate & ev5 inaccurate 9 8 use ( argot1 sometimes giv+ undue place to :at is ( m]ely tempor>y gr[?4 ,b ! ma9 ?+ 0 to give lit]>y place & pre/ige to words & phrases :i* _h fall5 s l[ 9 g5]al e/eem1 9 spite ( _! admirable expressiv5ess1 t only a writ] ( ! fir/ rank & ( unequall$ audacity c\ld v5ture to lift !m f ! mire4 ,?is ,zola has done2 & ^? :o foll[ him may easily ex]cise ! judgm5t & discretion 9 :i* he has be5 lack+4 ,zola's treatm5t ( ! sexual & ! dige/ive functions1 z ,i po9t$ out1 has *iefly ar\s$ 8 critics4 ,if y ?9k ( x1 ^! two functions are precisely ! c5tral functions ( life1 ! two poles ( hung] & love ar\nd :i* ! _w revolves4 ,x is natural t x %\ld be precisely ^! fundam5tal aspects ( life :i* 9 ! sup]ficial contact ( ord9>y social int]c\rse we are = ev] try+ m & m to ref9e away & ignore4 ,!y are subject$ to an ev]-encroa*+ process ( att5uation & circumlocution1 & z a social t5d5cy ?is influ5ce is possibly h>mless or ev5 b5eficial4 ,b x is con/antly ext5d+ to lit]ature also1 & "h x is disa/r\s4 ,x is true t a few great au?ors--classics ( ! fir/ rank--h gone to extremes 9 _! resi/ance to ?is t5d5cy4 ,^! extremes are ( two k9ds3 ! fir/ issu+ 9 a sort ( coprolalia1 or incl9ation to dwell on excrem5t1 :i* we f9d to a slight ext5t 9 ,rabelais & to a m>k$ ext5t 9 ! half-mad ,swift2 9 its fully-develop$ %ape ?is coprolalia is an uncontrollable in/9ct f\nd 9 "s =ms ( insanity4 ,! o!r extreme is t ( pruri5cy1 or ! p]petual it* to circle r\nd sexual matt]s1 accompani$ by a timidity :i* makes x impossible to come "r up to !m2 ?is sort ( impot5t fumbl+ 9 wom5's placket-holes f9ds its supreme lit]>y expon5t 9 ,/]ne4 ,l coprolalia1 :5 uncontroll$1 pruri5ce is a well-recognis$ *>act]i/ic ( ! insane1 lead+ !m to f9d a vague eroticism ev]y:]e4 ,b bo? ^! extreme t5d5cies h n be5 f\nd incompatible ) ! highe/ lit]>y art4 ,moreov]1 _! mo/ pron\nc$ expon5ts h be5 cl]ics1 ! conv5tional repres5tatives ( ! ,almighty4 ,h[ev] f> ,zola might g 9 ^! directions1 he w\ld /ill be 9 :at is univ]sally recognis$ z v good company4 ,he has 9 ^! respects by no means come up ) ,fa!r ,rabelais & ,dean ,swift & ! ,rev4 ,laur5ce ,/]ne2 b !re c be little d\bt t1 along bo? l9es1 he has miss$ ! re/ra9t ( well-balanc$ art4 ,on ! "o h& he ov]-emphasises :at is repulsive 9 ! nutritive side ( life1 & on ! o!r h&1 ) ! timid obsession ( *a/ity1 he ov]-emphasises ! nak$ness ( fle%4 ,9 s do+1 he has reveal$ a c]ta9 flabb9ess 9 8 art1 al?\gh he has by no means dim9i%$ 8 s]vice 9 wid5+ ! horizon ( lit]>y spee* & subject4 ,be>+ 9 m9d t _m cr[n$ k+s ( lit]ature h approa*$ ^! subjects q z closely z ,zola1 & f> less s]i\sly1 x does n seem necess>y to ent] any sev]] judgm5t "h4 ,to enl>ge ! sph]e ( language is an un?ankful task1 b 9 ! long run lit]ature owes an imm5se debt to ! writ]s :o c\rage\sly add to ! /ock ( /rong & simple words4 ,our own lit]ature = two c5turies has be5 hamp]$ by ! social t5d5cy ( life to slur expression1 & to p>aphrase or suppress all =ceful & poignant words4 ,if we g back to ,*auc]1 or ev5 to ,%akespe>e1 we realise :at p[] ( expression we h lo/4 ,x is en\gh1 inde$1 to turn to our ,engli% ,bible4 ,! lit]>y p[] ( ! ,engli% ,bible is l>gely due to ! unconsci\s in/9ct = /yle :i* happ5$ to be 9 ! air :5 x 0 *iefly m\ld$1 to ! simple1 direct1 una%am$ vig\r ( its spee*4 ,c]ta9ly1 if ! discov]y ( ! ,bible _h be5 left = u to make1 any ,engli% translation w\ld h to be issu$ at a high price by "s esot]ic society1 = fe> le/ x %\ld fall into ! h&s ( ! ,briti% matron4 ,x is our ,briti% love ( compromise1 we say1 t makes x possible = a spade to be call$ a spade on "o day ( ! week1 b on no o!r2 our neighb\rs1 ^: m9ds are m logically con/itut$1 call x le cant ,britannique4 ,b our m5tal comp>tm5ts rema9 v wat]-tight1 & on ! :ole we are ev5 worse (f ?an ! ,fr5* :o h no ,bible4 ,= in/ance1 we h almo/ lo/ ! indisp5sable words 8belly0 & 8b[els10 bo? us$ s (t5 & ) su* admirable effect 9 ! ,psalms2 we talk ( ! 8/oma*10 a ^w :i* is n only an incorrect equival5t1 b at be/ totally inapt = s]i\s or poetic uses4 ,any "o :o is acqua9t$ ) our old lit]ature1 or ) ! famili> spee* ( ! common folk1 w recall simil> in/ances ( simple1 p[]ful expressions :i* are lo/ or vani%+ f lit]>y language1 leav+ no available sub/itute beh9d4 ,9 mod]n lit]>y language1 inde$1 man sc>cely exi/s save 9 8 extremities4 ,= we take ! pubes z a c5tre1 & we !nce describe a circle ) a radius ( "s eighte5 in*es--9 ,am]ica ! radius is r long]--& we =bid any ref]5ce to any organ )9 ! circle1 save t maid-(-all-"w ! 8/oma*02 9 o!r words1 we make x impossible to say any?+ to ! po9t conc]n+ ! c5tral functions ( life4 ,x is a "q h[ f> real lit]ature c be produc$ "u su* conditions1 n m]ely because lit]ature is ?us %ut out f close contact ) ! vital facts ( life1 b because ! writ] :o is will+ to be s %ut out1 :o f9ds himself mo/ at home )9 ! social limits ( spee*1 w probably n be made ( ! h]oic /uff t goes to ! m\ld+ ( a great writ]4 ,! social limits ( spee* are useful en\gh1 = we are all memb]s ( society1 & x is well t we %\ld h "s protection aga9/ ! assaults ( unbridl$ vulg>ity4 ,b 9 lit]ature we may *oose to read :at we w1 or to read no?+1 & ! man :o ent]s ! _w ( lit]ature timidly equipp$ ) ! topics & language ( ! draw+-room is n likely to g f>4 ,i once saw x /at$ depreciat+ly 9 a grave lit]>y review t a c]ta9 novel by a woman writ] dealt ) topics t are n ev5 discuss$ by m5 at _! clubs4 ,i _h nev] read x1 b x seem$ to me !n t !re might be hope = t novel4 ,no d\bt x is ev5 possible 9 lit]ature to fall bel[ ! club /&>d1 b unless y c rise above ! club /&>d1 bett] /ay at ! club1 tell /ories !re1 or sweep ! cross+ outside4 ,all our great poets & noveli/s f ,*auc] to ,field+ wrote s9c]ely & h]oically conc]n+ ! great facts ( life4 ,t is :y !y are great1 robu/ly sane1 radiantly immortal4 ,x is a mi/ake to suppose t no h]oism 0 involv$ 9 _! case2 = ?\gh no d\bt !y _h a fre] g5]al spee* on _! side !y w5t beyond _! "t 9 d>+ to m\ld t spee* to ! ends ( art1 9 br++ lit]ature clos] to life4 ,x 0 s ev5 ) ,*auc]2 comp>e him ) 8 contempor>ies & successors2 obs]ve h[ he seeks to soo! ! susceptibilities ( 8 read]s & to deprecate ! prote/s ( ! 8preci\s folk40 ,!re is no great art at any epo* )\t h]oism1 ?\gh "o epo* may be m fav\rable ?an ano!r to ! ex]cise ( su* h]oism 9 lit]ature4 ,9 our own age & c\ntry d>+ has pass$ out ( ! *annels ( art into ^? ( comm]ce1 to f9d ex]cise1 fooli% en\gh sometimes1 9 ! remote/ corn]s ( ! e>?4 ,x is because our lit]ature is n h]oic1 b has be5 conf9$ )9 ! /ifl+ atmosph]e ( ! draw+-room1 t ,engli% poets & noveli/s h ceas$ to be a p[] 9 ! _w & are almo/ unkn[n outside ! p>l\rs & nurs]ies ( our own c\ntry4 ,x is because 9 ,france !re h nev] ceas$ to be writ]s "h & !re :o h d>$ to face life h]oically & weld x into art t ! lit]ature ( ,france is a p[] 9 ! _w :]ev] !re are m5 intellig5t en\gh to recognise its a*ievem5ts4 ,:5 lit]ature t is n only f9e b also great appe>s 9 ,engl& we %all "k x z su* by its h]oism1 if by no o!r m>k4 ,language has its imm5se significance because x is ! f9al inc>nation ( a man's mo/ intimate ideals4 ,zola's /yle & me?od are monoton\s--) a monotony :i* makes 8 books unreadable :5 we h once ma/]$ 8 secret--& ! burd5 !y express is ev] ! same3 ! en]gy ( natural life4 ,:atev] is robu/1 :atev] is :olesomely exub]ant1 :atev]1 :olesomely or n1 is possess$ by ! dev\r+ fury ( life--( su* ?+s ,zola c nev] h en\gh4 ,! admirable op5+ ( ,la ,t]re1 9 :i* a "y girl drives ! c[1 wild = ! male1 to ! f>m :]e ! /ockbull is kept1 !n lead+ ! appeas$ animal home aga91 symbolises ,zola's :ole view ( ! _w4 ,all ! =ces ( ,nature1 x seems to him1 are rag+ 9 ! fury ( g5]ative desire or repos+ 9 ! fulness ( swell+ maturity4 ,! v e>? itself1 9 ! impressive pages ) :i* ,g]m9al closes1 is impregnat$ ) m51 g]m9at+ b5ea? ! soil1 "o day to bur/ ?r\gh ! furr[s & r5ew ! old _w's fail+ life4 ,9 ?is conception ( ! natural en]gies ( ! _w--z manife/$ 9 m5 & animals1 9 ma*9es1 9 e =m ( matt]--p]petually conceiv+ & g5]at+1 ,zola rea*es 8 mo/ impressive effects1 ?\gh ^! effects are wov5 toge!r ( elem5ts t are sep>ately ( no v exquisite beauty1 or subtle insight1 or radical novelty4 ,9 consid]+ ,zola1 we are inde$ con/antly br\ght back to ! fact t mo/ ( ! ?+s t he has tri$ to d h be5 bett] done by m accompli%$ arti/s4 ,! ,gonc\rts h ext5d$ ! sph]e ( language1 ev5 9 ! direction ( slang1 & h fac$ _m ( ! matt]s t ,zola has fac$1 & ) f> m delicate1 ?\gh usually m %ad[y1 art2 ,balzac has creat$ z l>ge & vivid a _w ( p1 ?\gh draw+ m ( x f 8 own imag9ation2 ,huysmans has great] skill 9 /amp+ ! vision ( /range or sordid ?+s on ! bra92 ,tol/oi gives a deep] realisation ( life2 ,flaub]t is z audaci\sly naturali/ic1 & has1 z well1 t p]fect self-control :i* %\ld always accompany audacity4 ,& 9 ,flaub]t1 too1 we f9d some?+ ( ! same irony z 9 ,zola4 ,?is irony1 h[ev]1 is a p]sonal & *>act]i/ic feature ( ,zola's "w4 ,x is irony alone :i* gives x di/9ction & poignant incisiv5ess4 ,irony may be call$ ! s\l ( ,zola's "w1 ! embodim5t ( 8 moral attitude t[>ds life4 ,x has its s\rce1 d\btless1 l s mu* else t is *>act]i/ic1 9 8 e>ly days ( pov]ty & alo(ness f ! exp]i5ces ( life4 ,!re is a fi]ce imp>tiality--! imp>tiality ( "o :o is outside & %ut (f--9 ?is mann] ( pres5t+ ! brutalities & egoisms & pett9esses ( m54 ,! fury ( 8 irony is "h equall$ by 8 self-re/ra9t4 ,he conc5trates x into a ^w1 a smile1 a ge/ure4 ,zola believes1 und\bt$ly1 9 a re=m$1 ev5 p]haps a revolutionis$1 future ( society1 b he has no illusions4 ,he sets d[n ?+s z he sees !m4 ,he has no t5d]nesses = ! work+-classes1 no pictures ( r\gh diamonds4 ,we may see ?is v cle>ly 9 ,g]m9al4 ,"h e side ( ! problem ( mod]n capitalism is pres5t$3 ! g5tle-natur$ %>ehold+ class unable to realise a /ate ( society 9 :i* p %\ld n live on divid5ds & give *>ity2 ! (ficial class ) _! correct au?oritative views1 v sure t !y w always be ne$$ to control lab\r & ma9ta9 social ord]2 & ! work]s1 "s brutalis$1 "s suff]+ l dumb bea/s1 "s cr++ to ! bosses1 "s rebell+ madly1 a few /riv+ bl9dly = ju/ice4 ,!re is no loophole 9 ,zola's imp>tiality2 ! gradual developm5t ( ! seem+ h]o ( ,g]m9al1 ,eti5ne ,lanti]1 ! agitator1 hone/ 9 8 revolt aga9/ oppression1 b ) an unconsci\s b\rgeois ideal at 8 he>t1 seems un]r+ly "r4 ,all are ! victims ( an evil social sy/em1 z ,zola sees ! _w1 ! enslav$ work]s z mu* z ! ov]f$ ma/]s2 ! only logical outcome is a clean sweep--! burn+ up ( ! *aff & /raw1 ! fre% furr[+ ( ! e>?1 ! new spr+ ( a sweet & vigor\s race4 ,t is ! logical outcome ( ,zola's attitude1 ! attitude ( "o :o reg>ds our pres5t society z a ?or\ghly vici\s circle4 ,8 pity = m5 & wom5 is b\ndless2 8 disda9 is equally b\ndless4 ,x is only t[>ds animals t 8 t5d]ness is unt\*$ by contempt2 "s ( 8 mo/ memorable passages are conc]n$ ) ! suff]+s ( animals4 ,! ,new ,j]usalem may be fitt$ up1 b ! ,monts\ m9]s w nev] rea* x2 !y w fight = ! fir/ small1 /uffy1 middle-class villa !y meet on ! way4 ,& ,zola p\rs out ! /ream ( 8 pitiful1 pitiless irony on ! weak1 helpless1 err+ *ildr5 ( m54 ,x is ?is moral en]gy1 comb9$ ) 8 volcanic exub]ance1 :i* lifts him to a position ( influ5ce above ! great] arti/s ) :om we may comp>e him4 ,x is by no means probable t ! _w w cont9ue to read ,zola mu* long]4 ,8 "w is already done2 b :5 ! n9ete5? c5tury is well pa/ x may be t he w /ill h 8 int]e/4 ,!re w be pl5ty ( mat]ial1 especially 9 ! newspap]s1 = ! future hi/orian to recon/ruct ! social life ( ! latt] half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,b ! mat]ial is s va/ t ^! hi/orians w possibly be ev5 m biass$ & "o-sid$ ?an our own4 ,= a vivid1 imp>tial picture--on ! :ole a fai?ful picture--( c]ta9 ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic aspects ( ?is p]iod1 se5 inde$ f ! outside1 b drawn by a contempor>y 9 all its intimate & ev5 repulsive details1 ! read] ( a future age c be/ g to ,zola4 ,:at w\ld we n give = a ?irte5? c5tury ,zola6 ,we %\ld read ) pa9ful1 absorb$ int]e/ a n>rative ( ! ,black ,dea? z exact z t ( n9ete5? c5tury alcoholism 9 ,l',assommoir4 ,! /ory ( h[ ! s]f liv$1 z fully told z 9 ,la ,t]re1 w\ld be ( incomp>able value4 ,! e>ly m]*ant & usur] w\ld be a less dim figure if ,l',arg5t _h be5 writt5 ab\t him4 ,! abbeys & *ur*es ( ^? days h 9 "p come d[n to u1 b no ,g]m9al rema9s to tell ( ! lives & ?\ghts ( ! m5 :o hew$ ^? /ones1 & pil$ !m1 & c>v$ !m4 ,h[ preci\s su* record w\ld h be5 we may realise :5 we recall ! incomp>able *>m ( ,*auc]'s prologue to ,! ,cant]bury ,tales4 ,b our *ildr5's *ildr51 ) ! same passions alive at _! he>ts "u incalculably diff]5t circum/ances1 w 9 ! pages ( ! ,r\gon-,macqu>t s]ies f9d !mselves back aga9 among all ! /range remote details ( a vani%$ _w4 ,:at a fanta/ic & t]rible page ( old-_w romance6 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #g3 8,mes s\v5irs10 he told a psy*ological int]view]1 8ont une puissance1 un relief extraord9aire2 ma mmoire e/ norme1 prodigieuse1 elle me gne2 qu& j'voque les objets que j'ai vus1 je les revois tels qu'ils sont rellem5t avec leurs lignes1 leurs =mes1 leurs c\leurs1 leurs odeurs1 leurs sons2 c'e/ une matrialisation outrance2 le soleil qui les claire m'bl\it presque2 l'odeur me suffoque1 les dtails s'accro*5t moi et m'emp*5t de voir l'ensemble4 ,aussi p\r le ressaisir me faut-il att5dre un c]ta9 temps4 ,cette possibilit d'vocation ne dure pas trs longtemps2 le relief de l'image e/ d'une exactitude1 d'une int5sit in\es1 puis l'image s'efface1 disp>at1 cela s'en va40 ,?is description sugge/s myopia1 & x is a fact t ,zola has be5 %ort-sight$ f y\?2 he fir/ realis$ x at sixte54 ,8 o!r s5ses1 especially smell1 are v ke5--l>gely1 h[ev]1 z an outcome ( att5tion or practice4 ,?us :ile 8 tactile s5sibility & s5sibility to pa9 are acute1 8 olfactory ke5ness is r qualitative ?an quantitative2 t is to say t x ma9ly consi/s 9 a m>k$ memory = od\rs1 a t5d5cy to be emotionally impress$ by !m1 & an ability to di/+ui% !m 9 :i* he resembles pr(essional p]fum]s4 ,all ^! & _m o!r facts h be5 v precisely asc]ta9$ by means ( ! full psy*ological & an?ropological /udy ( ,m4 ,zola :i* has be5 c>ri$ out by exp]ts "u ! sup]9t5d5ce ( ,dr4 ,t\l\se4 ,,huysmans4 ,,9 try+ to repres5t ! man :o wrote ! extraord9>y books gr\p$ ar\nd ,a ,reb\rs & ,en ,r\te1 ,i f9d myself c>ri$ back to ! decl9e ( ! ,lat9 _w4 ,i recall ^? re/less ,africans :o 7 drawn into ! vortex ( decad5t ,rome1 :o absorb$ its corruptions ) all ! b>b>ic f]v\r ( _! race1 & !n ) a m natural impetus ( t y\?ful f]v\r ?rew !mselves into ! "y curr5t ( ,*ri/ianity1 yet reta9+ 9 _! fle% ! br& ( an exotic culture4 ,t]tullian1 ,augu/9e1 & ! re/ ga9$ mu* ( _! p[]1 z well z _! *>m1 because !y inc>nat$ a fanta/ic m+l+ ( y\? & age1 ( decay$ ,lat9ity1 ( tumultu\sly y\?ful ,*ri/ianity4 ,huysmans1 too1 inc>nates ! old & ! new1 b ) a curi\s1 a v vital diff]5ce4 ,to-day ! rles are rev]s$2 x is ano!r culture t is n[ "y1 ) its aspirations aft] human p]fection & social solid>ity1 :ile ,*ri/ianity has ex*ang$ ! robu/ beauty ( y\? = ! subtl] beauty ( age4 8,! mo/ p]fect analogy to our "t :i* ,i c f9d10 wrote ,r5an to 8 si/] amid ! tumults ( ,p>is 9 #ahdh1 a few weeks aft] ,huysmans _h be5 born 9 ! same city1 8is ! mom5t :5 ,*ri/ianity & paganism /ood face to face40 ,huysmans _h w&]$ f ance/ral haunts ( m$ival peace into ! =efront ( ! /ruggles ( our day1 br++ ! cle>1 ref9$ p]ceptions ( old culture to ! int5se/ vision ( ! mod]n _w yet atta9$1 b nev] at re/1 nev] once grasp+ except on ! purely /hetic side ! significance ( ! new age1 always haunt$ by ! memory ( ! pa/ & p]petually feel+ 8 way back to :at seems to him ! home ( 8 s\l4--,! f]v5t seek] ( ^? e>ly days1 inde$1 b reb\rs6 ,?is is sc>cely a m]e impression2 "o might be tempt$ to say t x is /rictly ! =mula ( ?is complex & int]e/+ p]sonality4 ,com+ on ! mat]nal side f an ord9>y ,p>isian b\rgeois /ock1 ?\gh !re *anc$ to be a sculptor ev5 along ?is l9e1 on ! pat]nal side he belongs to an ali5 ari/ocracy ( art4 ,f fa!r to son 8 ance/ors 7 pa9t]s1 ( :om at lea/ "o1 ,cornelius ,huysmans1 /ill figures hon\rably 9 our public gall]ies1 :ile ! la/ ( !m left ,br$a to take up 8 domicile 9 ,p>is4 ,"h 8 son1 ,joris ,k>l1 has be5 ! fir/ ( ! race to use ! p5 in/ead ( ! bru%1 yet reta9+ precisely ^? *>act]s ( 8v]acity ( imitation1 jewel-l ri*ness ( col\r1 p]fection ( f9i%1 emphasis ( "*10 :i* _! hi/orian f9ds 9 ! pa9t]s ( 8 l& f ! f\rte5? c5tury onw>ds4 ,:]e ! ,meuse approa*es ! ,rh9e valley we f9d ! home ( ! m5 :o1 almo/ alone 9 ! nor?1 creat$ pa9t+ & ! arts t are gr\p$ ar\nd pa9t+1 & evolv$ religi\s music4 ,on ! side ( art ! ,*ur* _h f\nd its *ief build]s 9 ! m5 ( ^! valleys1 & ev5 on ! spiritual side also1 = "h is ! nor!rn home ( my/icism4 ,_! late/ *ild has fix$ 8 att5tion on ! fev]i% activities ( ,p>is ) ! conc5trat$ gaze ( a /rang] 9 a /range l&1 held by a fasc9ation :i* is m ?an half repulsion1 always miss+ some?+1 he sc>cely kn[s :at4 ,he has ev] be5 seek+ ! satisfaction he _h miss$1 sometimes 9 ! /hetic vision ( common ?+s1 sometimes 9 ! ref9$ ,!baid ( 8 own visions1 at l5g? m joyfully 9 ! survivals ( m$ival my/icism4 ,yet z ^? e>ly ,africans /ill reta9$ _! acquir$ ,roman in/9cts1 & t fanta/ic /yle :i* c\ld n be %ak5 (f1 s ,huysmans w surely reta9 to ! la/ ! t9cture ( ,p>isian mod]nity4 ,yet we c by no means altoge!r acc\nt = ,huysmans by race & environm5t4 ,e man ( g5ius is a /rang] & a pilgrim on ! e>?1 unlike o!r m51 see+ ev]y?+ z x 7 at a diff]5t angle1 mirror+ ! _w 9 8 m9d z 9 ^? concave or convex mirrors :i* elongate or abbreviate absurdly all :o approa* !m4 ,no "o ev] _h a ke5] s5se ( ! di/ress+ absurdity ( human affairs ?an ,m4 ,huysmans4 ,! ,trocad]o is n a beautiful build+1 b to no "o else probably has x appe>$ z an old hag ly+ on h] back & elevat+ h] sp9dle %anks t[>ds ! sky4 ,su* images ( m5's works & ways ab\nd 9 ,huysmans' books1 & !y express 8 unaffect$ vision ( life1 8 disgu/ = m5 & ?+s1 a %udd]+ disgu/1 yet pati5t1 half-amus$4 ,i c well recall an ev5+ sp5t "s ye>s ago 9 ,m4 ,huysmans' company4 ,8 face1 ) ! s5sitive1 lum9\s eyes1 rem9d$ "o ( ,baudelaire's portraits1 ! face ( a resign$ & b5evol5t ,mephi/opheles :o has discov]$ ! absurdity ( ! ,div9e ord] b has no wi% to make any improp] use ( 8 discov]y4 ,he talk$ 9 l[ & ev5 tones1 nev] eag]ly1 )\t any emphasis or ge/ure1 n address+ any special p]son2 human imbecility 0 ! burd5 ( ne>ly all t he said1 :ile a fa9t tw9kle ( amus$ wond]m5t lit up 8 eyes4 ,& ?r\gh\t all 8 books until almo/ ! la/ 8l't]nelle btise de l'humanit0 is ! ev]-recurr+ refra94 ,always lead+ a retir$ life1 & specially abhorr+ ! society & conv]sation ( ! av]age lit]>y man1 ,m4 ,huysmans has = _m ye>s be5 a gov]nm5t s]vant--a model (ficial1 x is said--at ! ,m9i/ry ( ,=eign ,affairs4 ,"h1 l our own (ficials at ,:itehall1 he s]ves 8 c\ntry 9 dignifi$ leisure--on ! only occasion on :i* ,i h se5 him 9 8 l>ge & pleasant bureau1 he 0 gaz+ affectionately at ,*ret's late/ affi*e1 :i* a lady ( 8 acqua9tance _h j br\ght to %[ him--& su* duties ( r\t9e1 ) ! close contact ) practical affairs !y involve1 mu/ always be b5eficial 9 pres]v+ ! sane equipoise ( an imag9ative temp]am5t4 ,9 ?is matt] ,huysmans has be5 m =tunate ?an 8 intimate fri5d ,villi]s de l',isle-,adam1 :o _h w&]$ s f> into ! _w ( dreams t he lo/ t\* ) ! ext]nal _w & ceas$ to di/+ui% !m cle>ly4 ,"o is at fir/ a little surpris$ to he> ( ! pati5t tact & diplomacy :i* ! au?or ( ,a ,reb\rs sp5t r\nd ! dea?-b$ ( ! au?or ( ,contes ,cruels to obta9 ! dy+ dream]'s cons5t to a c]emony ( m>riage :i* w\ld legitimate 8 *ild4 ,b ,huysmans' s5sitive n]v\s sy/em & extravagant imag9ation h ev] be5 "u ! control ( a sane & =ceful intellect2 8 v idealism has be5 n\ri%$ by ! contemplation ( a _w :i* he has se5 too vividly ev] to ignore4 ,we may read t 9 ! reflective delib]ation ( 8 grave & c\rte\s be>+1 some:at recall+1 z m ?an "o obs]v] has not$1 8 own fav\rite animal1 ! cat1 ^: outw>d repose ( ,buddhi/ic contemplation envelops a highly-/rung n]v\s sy/em1 :ile its capacity to enjoy ! ref9em5ts ( human civilisation comports a l>ge measure ( spiritual fre$om & f]ocity4 ,l _m ano!r man ( lett]s1 ,huysmans suff]s f neuralgia & dyspepsia2 b no noveli/ has describ$ s p]si/5tly & s poignantly ! pangs ( too?a*e or ! mis]ies ( maux d'e/omac1 a curi\s pro( ( ! peculi>ly p]sonal "* ( ,huysmans' "w ?r\gh\t4 ,8 sole pre-occupation has be5 ) 8 own impressions4 ,he possess$ no native g5ius = ! novel4 ,b ) a v s\nd in/9ct he set himself1 almo/ at ! outset ( 8 c>e]1 to describe intimately & fai?fully ! crude/ ?+s ( life1 ! ?+s mo/ remote f 8 own esot]ic ta/es b at t "t c\nt$ peculi>ly 8real40 ,!re c\ld be no bett] discipl9e = an ideali/4 ,/ep by /ep he has left ! region ( vulg> actualities to atta9 8 prop] sph]e1 b ! m>vell\s & sl[ly won p[] ( express+ ! spiritually impalpable 9 concrete imag]y is ! fruit ( t labori\s appr5tice%ip4 ,he 0 influ5c$ 9 8 novels at fir/ by ,gonc\rt1 aft]w>ds a little by ,zola1 z he s\ght to reproduce 8 own vivid & p]sonal vision ( ! _w4 ,?is vision is l t ( a man ) an int5se exaltation ( ! s5ses1 especially ! s5ses ( sight & smell4 ,ess5tially ,huysmans is less a noveli/ ?an a poet1 ) an in/9ct to use n v]se b prose z 8 m$ium4 ,?us he e>ly fell "u ! influ5ce ( ,baudelaire's prose-poems4 ,8 small & slight fir/ volume1 ,le ,drageoir ,epices1 be>s witness to ?is influ5ce1 :ile yet reveal+ a p]sonality cle>ly di/9ct f ,baudelaire's4 ,?is p]sonality is already :olly reveal$ 9 ! qua9t audacity ( ! little prose-poem entitl$ 8,l',extase40 ,"h1 at ! v outset ( ,huysmans' c>e]1 we cat* an unconsci\s e*o ( m$ival asceticism1 ! voice1 x might be1 ( ,odo ( ,cluny1 :o ne>ly a ?\s& ye>s be=e _h %runk ) horror f embrac+ a 8sack ( dung20 8quomodo ipsum /]coris saccum amplecti desid]amus60 8,l',extase0 describes h[ ! lov] lies 9 ! wood clasp+ ! h& ( ! belov$ & ba!d 9 a rapture ( blissful emotion2 8sudd5ly %e rose1 dis5gag$ h] h&1 disappe>$ 9 ! bu%es1 & ,i he>d z x 7 ! ru/l+ ( ra9 on ! leaves20 at once ! delici\s dream fl$ & ! lov] awakes to ! reality ( commonplace human ?+s4 ,t is a p>able ( ! high-/rung idealism1 hav+ only contempt = :atev] breaks 9 on its ideal1 :i* has ev] be5 ! m>k ( ,huysmans4 ,8 s5sitive e> is alive to ! g5tle/ ripple ( nature1 & x j>s on him2 x becomes ! deaf5+ ,niag>a ( 8! incessant deluge ( human fooli%ness20 all 8 art is ! rese>* = a ,heav5 :]e ! voice ( ,nature %all no m be he>d4 ,baudelaire 0 also su* a hyp]/hetic ideali/1 b ! human t5d]ness :i* vibrates b5ea? ! surface ( ,baudelaire's "w has be5 ! la/ quality to make itself m ?an casually felt 9 ,huysmans4 ,x is ! defect :i* vitiat$ 8 e>ly "w 9 ! novel1 :5 he 0 /ill oscillat+ betwe5 ! prose-poem & ! novel1 cle>ly consci\s t :ile ! fir/ suit$ him be/ only 9 ! second c\ld ma/]y be won4 ,8 e>ly novels are sometimes port5t\sly dull1 ) a lack ( int]e/1 or ev5 attempt to int]e/1 :i* itself almo/ makes !m int]e/+1 z frank ugl9ess is4 ,!y are reali/ic ) a v]aci\s & c\rage\sly abject realism1 nev]1 l ,zola's1 c>efully calculat$ = its pictorial effectiv5ess1 b deal+ simply ) ! triviale/ & sordide/ human mis]ies4 ,8 fir/ novel ,m>!--:i* inaugurat$ ! long s]ies ( novels devot$ to /ate-regulat$ pro/itution 9 ^? slaught]-h\ses ( love1 z ,huysmans lat] describ$ !m1 :]e ,desire is sla9 at a s+le /roke1--suffici5tly repulsive on ! :ole1 is n )\t fla%es ( insight :i* reveal ! future arti/1 & to "s read]s inde$ make x m int]e/+ ?an ,la ,fille ,elisa1 :i* ! ,gonc\rts publi%$ %ortly aft]w>ds4 ,unlike ! crude & awkw>d ,m>!--?\gh t book reveals ! influ5ce ( ! ,gonc\rts--,la ,fille ,elisa %[s ! h& ( an accompli%$ arti/1 b x is also ! "w ( a philan?ropi/ writ+ ) an av[$ object1 & ( a f9e g5tleman o/5tati\sly anxi\s n to t\* pit* ) m ?an a f+]-tip4 ,! ,preface to ,m>! conta9s a decl>ation :i* rema9s true = ! :ole ( ,huysmans' "w3 8,i set d[n :at ,i see1 :at ,i feel1 :at ,i h liv$1 writ+ x z well z ,i am able1 et voil t\t60 ,b x has ev] be5 a dang]\s task to set d[n :at "o sees & feels & has liv$2 = no obvi\s reason1 except ! subject1 ,m>! 0 imm$iately suppress$ by ! police4 ,?is fir/ novel rema9s ! lea/ p]sonal ( ,huysmans' books2 9 8 next novel1 ,les ,surs ,vat>d--a /udy ( ,p>isian workgirls & _! lov]s--a m *>act]i/ic vision ( ! _w beg9s to be reveal$1 & f t "t =w>d !re is a cont9u\s ?\gh irregul> developm5t bo? 9 intellectual grip & arti/ic ma/]y4 8,sac au ,dos10 :i* appe>$ 9 ! ,soires de ,mdan1 repres5ts a notable /age 9 ?is developm5t1 = "h1 z he has s9ce ackn[l$g$1 ,huysmans' h]o is himself4 ,x is ! /ory ( a "y /ud5t :o s]ves dur+ ! great w> 9 ! ,g>de ,mobile ( ! ,se9e1 & is invalid$ ) dys5t]y be=e rea*+ ! front4 ,!re is no /ory1 no /rik+ impression to record--no?+ to comp>e ) ,guy de ,maupassant's incomp>ably m brilliant 8,b\le-de-,suif10 also deal+ ) ! fr+e ( w>1 :i* appe>s 9 ! same volume--no opportunity = lit]>y display1 no?+ b a record ( individual feel+s ) :i* ! writ] seems satisfi$ because !y are int]e/+ to himself4 ,x is1 9 fact1 ! g]m ( t me?od :i* ,huysmans has s9ce c>ri$ to s brilliant a climax 9 ,en ,r\te4 ,all ! glam\r ( w> & ! en?usiasm ( patriotism are "h--long be=e ,zola wrote 8 ,dbcle--r$uc$ to _! simple/ t]ms 9 ! mis]ies ( ! individual soldi] ^: *ief aspiration x becomes at la/ to return to a home :]e ! necessities ( nature may be satisfi$ 9 com=t & peace4 ,at t "t ,huysmans' lack ( patriotic en?usiasm seem$ almo/ sc&al\s2 b :5 we be> 9 m9d 8 racial aff9ities x is natural t he %\ld1 z he once rem>k$ to an int]view]1 8pref] a ,leipzig man to a ,m>seilles man10 8! big1 phlegmatic1 taciturn ,g]mans0 to ! ge/iculat+ & rhetorical p ( ! ,fr5* s\?4 ,9 ,l-,bas1 at a lat] date1 ?r\gh ! m\? ( "o ( 8 *>act]s1 ,huysmans goes s f> z to regret ! int]v5tion ( ,joan ( ,arc 9 ,fr5* hi/ory1 = _h x n be5 = ,joan ,france & ,engl& w\ld h be5 re/or$ to _! racial & prehi/oric unity1 consolidat$ into "o great k+dom "u ,norman ,plantag5ets1 in/ead ( be+ giv5 up to ! s\!rn]s ( ,lat9 race :o surr\nd$ ,*>les ,,vii4 ,! be/ ( ,huysmans' e>ly novels is und\bt$ly ,en ,mnage4 ,x is ! intimate hi/ory ( a "y lit]>y man :o1 hav+ m>ri$ a wife :om he %ortly aft]w>ds f9ds unfai?ful1 leaves h]1 returns to 8 ba*elor life1 & 9 ! end becomes reconcil$ to h]4 ,?is picture ( a /udi\s man :o goes away ) 8 books to fight ov] aga9 ! petty battles ( ba*elorhood ) ! bonne & ! conci]ge & 8 own crav+s = womanly love & companion%ip1 reveals cle>ly = ! fir/ "t ,huysmans' p[] ( analys+ /ates ( m9d t are at once simple & subtle4 ,p]haps no writ] surprises u m by 8 reveal+ insight into ! commonplace exp]i5ces :i* all a noveli/'s traditions lead him to idealise or ignore4 ,z a :ole1 h[ev]1 ,en ,mnage is sc>cely yet a ma/]'s "w1 a little lab\r$1 ) lab\r :i* _c yet a*ieve spl5d\r ( effect4 ,nor c a mu* slight] /ory1 ,a ,vau l',eau1 :i* appe>$ a little lat]1 be said to m>k a fur!r /age 9 developm5t1 ?\gh x is a *>act]i/ic /udy1 ?is sordid hi/ory ( ,folant91 ! poor1 lame1 discont5t$1 middle-ag$ cl]k4 ,*eat$ & bulli$ on e side1 fall+ a prey to ! vulg> woman ( ! /reet :o boi/]\sly takes possession ( him 9 ! climax ( ! /ory1 all ! "t feel+ poignantly ! :ole absurdity ( ! situation1 !re is yet "o spot :]e hope seems possible4 ,he has no religi\s fai?2 8& yet10 he reflects1 8yet my/icism alone c\ld heal ! w\nd t tortures me40 ,?us ,folant91 ?\gh l ,&r 9 ,en ,mnage he resigns himself to ! inevitable /upidity ( life1 yet /ret*es out 8 h&s t[>ds ! ,durtal ( ,huysmans' late/ "w4 ,9 all ^! novels we feel t ,huysmans has n atta9$ to full self-expression4 ,intellectual ma/]y1 inde$1 he is atta9+1 b sc>cely yet ! expression ( 8 own p]sonal ideals4 ,! poet 9 ,huysmans1 ! pa9t] enam\r$ ( beauty & seek+ x 9 unfamili> places1 has little scope 9 ^! detail$ pictures ( sordid or commonplace life4 ,at ?is e>ly p]iod x is /ill 9 prose-poems1 especially 9 ,croquis ,p>isi5s1 t ?is crav+ f9ds satisfaction4 ,des ,esse9tes1 ! h]o ( ,a ,reb\rs1 :o on s _m matt]s is ,huysmans' m\?piece1 ( all =ms ( lit]ature pref]r$ ! prose-poem :51 9 ! h&s ( an al*emi/ ( g5ius1 x reveals a novel conc5trat$ into a few pages or a few l9es1 ! concrete juice1 ! ess5tial oil ( art4 ,x 0 8a communion ( ?\ght betwe5 a magical writ] & an ideal read]1 a spiritual collaboration among a doz5 sup]ior p]sons scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! _w1 a delectation (f]$ to ! f9e/ wits1 & to !m alone accessible40 ,huysmans took up ?is =m :]e ,baudelaire & ,mall>m _h left x1 & s\ght to c>ry x yet fur!r4 ,9 t he 0 sc>cely successful4 ,! excess ( t5sion 9 ! tortur$ language ) :i* he elaborates 8 effects too (t5 holds him back f ! goal ( p]fection4 ,we mu/ yet value 9 ,croquis ,p>isi5s its highly wr\ght & individual effects ( rhy?m & col\r & =m4 ,9 ,france1 at all ev5ts1 ,huysmans is held to inaugurate ! poetic treatm5t ( mod]n ?+s--a *>act]i/ic already traceable 9 ,les ,surs ,vat>d--& ?is book deals ) ! /hetic aspects ( latt]-day ,p>is1 ) ! ?+s t are 8ugly & sup]b1 outrage\s & yet exquisite10 z a type ( :i* he selects ! ,folies-,b]gre1 at t "t ! mo/ *>act]i/ic ( ,p>isian music-halls1 & he 0 ?us ! fir/ to discuss ! /hetic value ( ! v>iety /age :i* has be5 made *eap] s9ce4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 h[ev]1 ^! ,croquis are ( ! simple/ & mo/ commonplace ?+s--! =lorn ,bivre di/rict1 ! poor man's caf1 ! roa/-*e/nut sell]--extract+ ! beauty or pa?os or /rang5ess ( all ^! ?+s4 8,?y g>m5t is ! palette ( sett+ suns1 ! ru/ ( old copp]1 ! br[n gilt ( ,cordovan lea!r1 ! s&al & saffron t9ts ( ! autumn foliage4444 ,:5 ,i contemplate ?y coat ( mail ,i ?9k ( ,rembr&t's pictures1 ,i see aga9 8 sup]b heads1 8 sunny fle%1 8 gleam+ jewels on black velvet4 ,i see aga9 8 rays ( light 9 ! night1 8 trail+ gold 9 ! %ade1 ! dawn+ ( suns ?r\gh d>k ar*es40 ,! humble bloat] has surely nev] be=e be5 sung 9 language :i* recalls ! ,belov$ ( ! 8,song ( ,songs40 ,huysmans has c>ri$ to an ev5 extravagant degree t re-valuation ( ! _w's good 9 :i* g5ius has ev] f\nd its *ief function4 ,to abase ! mighty & exalt ! humble seems to man ! div9e/ ( pr]ogatives1 = x is t :i* he himself ex]cises 9 8 mom5ts ( f9e/ inspiration4 ,to f9d a new vision ( ! _w1 a new pa? to tru?1 is ! in/9ct ( ! arti/ or ! ?9k]4 ,he *anges ! :ole sy/em ( our organis$ p]ceptions4 ,t is :y he seems to u at fir/ an inc>nate p>adox1 a sc(f] at our mo/ sacr$ v]ities1 mak+ m\nta9s ( our mole-hills & c\nt+ z m]e mole-hills our ev]la/+ m\nta9s1 always keep+ "t to a music t cla%es ) ours1 at our hil>ity tri/is1 9 tri/itia hil>is4 ,9 #ahhi ,a ,reb\rs appe>$4 ,n p]haps 8 greate/ a*ievem5t1 x mu/ ev] rema9 ! c5tral "w 9 :i* he has mo/ p[]fully conc5trat$ 8 :ole vision ( life4 ,x sums up ! progress he _h already made1 =etells ! progress he 0 aft]w>ds to make1 9 a /yle t is always individual1 always ma/]ly 9 its individuality4 ,te*nically1 x may be said t ! p[] ( ,a ,reb\rs lies 9 ! fact t "h = ! fir/ "t ,huysmans has succe$$ 9 unit+ ! two l9es ( 8 lit]>y developm5t3 ! au/]e analysis 9 ! novels ( commonplace ?+s mo/ly ali5 to ! writ]1 & ! fre] elaboration 9 ! prose-poems ( 8 own m intimate p]sonal impressions4 ,9 _! union ! two /reams atta9 a new p[] & a m intimately p]sonal note4 ,des ,esse9tes1 ! h]o ( ?is book1 may possibly h be5 at a few po9ts sugge/$ by a mu* less int]e/+ real p]sonage 9 contempor>y ,p>is1 ! ,comte de ,montesqui\-,fez5sac1 b 9 ! ma9 he 0 c]ta9ly creat$ by ,huysmans' own bra91 z ! repres5tative ( 8 au?or's hyp]/hetic exp]i5ce ( ! _w & ! m\?piece ( 8 mo/ p]sonal judgm5ts4 ,! victim ( ov]-wr\ght n]ves1 ( neuralgia & dyspepsia1 ,des ,esse9tes retires = a season f ,p>is to ! solitude ( 8 c\ntry h\se at ,font5ay1 :i* he has fitt$ up1 on almo/ cloi/ral me?ods1 to soo! 8 fantasy & to gratify 8 complex /hetic s5sations1 8 love ( read+ & contemplation4 ,! f9e/ pictures ( ,gu/ave ,moreau hang on ! walls1 ) ! fanta/ic engrav+s ( ,luyk51 & ! /range visions ( ,odilon ,r$on4 ,he has a tortoise curi\sly inlaid ) preci\s /ones2 he delights 9 all ^? exotic plants :i* reveal ,nature's mo/ unnatural freaks2 he is a s5sitive amateur ( p]fumes1 & consid]s t ! pleasures ( smell are equal to ^? ( sight or s\nd2 he possesses a r[ ( little b>rels ( liqueurs s arrang$ t he c bl5d 9 inf9ite v>iety ! cont5ts ( ?is in/rum5t1 8 8m\?-organ0 he calls x1 & produce h>monies :i* seem to him comp>able to ^? yield$ by a musical or*e/ra4 ,b ! solit>y pleasures ( ?is palace ( art only increase ! n]v\s /ra9 he is suff]+ f2 & at ! urg5t bidd+ ( 8 doctor ,des ,esse9tes returns to ! society ( 8 abhorr$ fell[-be+s 9 ,p>is1 himself op5+ ! dyke t admitt$ ! 8waves ( human m$iocrity0 to engulf 8 refuge4 ,& ?is wond]ful confession ( /hetic fai?--) its long s]ies ( delib]ately se>*+ & decisive affirmations on life1 religion1 lit]ature1 art--ends ) a sudd5 solemn invocation t is surpris+ly tremul\s3 8,take pity1 ,o ,"l1 on ! ,*ri/ian :o d\bts1 on ! sceptic :o desires to believe1 on ! convict ( life :o emb>ks alone1 9 ! night1 b5ea? a sky no long] lit by ! consol+ beacons ( anci5t fai?40 8,he :o c>ries 8 own mo/ intimate emotions to _! highe/ po9t becomes ! fir/ 9 file ( a long s]ies ( m520 t say+ is peculi>ly true ( ,huysmans4 ,b to be a lead] ( m5 "o mu/ turn "o's back on m54 ,huysmans' attitude t[>ds 8 read]s 0 some:at l t ( ,?oreau1 :o spoke ) l(ty disda9 ( su* writ]s z 8w\ld fa9 h "o read] be=e !y die40 ,z he has s9ce rem>k$1 ,huysmans wrote ,a ,reb\rs = a doz5 p]sons1 & 0 himself m surpris$ ?an any "o at ! wide int]e/ x evok$4 ,yet t int]e/ 0 no accid5t4 ,c]ta9 /hetic ideals ( ! latt] half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury are m qu9tess5tially express$ 9 ,a ,reb\rs ?an 9 any o!r book4 ,int5sely p]sonal1 audaci\sly indep5d5t1 x yet sums up a movem5t :i* has sc>cely n[ work$ itself out4 ,we may read x & re-read1 n only = ! light :i* x ca/s on t movem5t1 b ^u e simil> p]iod ( acute /hetic p]ception 9 ! pa/4 ,,ii4 ,! /hetic attitude t[>ds art :i* ,a ,reb\rs illum9ates is t commonly call$ decad5t4 ,decad5ce 9 art1 ?\gh a fairly simple ph5om5on1 & _w-wide z art itself1 is /ill s ill und]/ood t x may be wor? :ile to discuss briefly its precise nature1 m especially z manife/$ 9 lit]ature4 ,te*nically1 a decad5t /yle is only su* 9 relation to a classic /yle4 ,x is simply a fur!r developm5t ( a classic /yle1 a fur!r specialisation1 ! homog5e\s1 9 ,sp5c]ian phraseology1 hav+ become het]og5e\s4 ,! fir/ is beautiful because ! p>ts are subord9at$ to ! :ole2 ! second is beautiful because ! :ole is subord9at$ to ! p>ts4 ,among our own e>ly prose-writ]s ,sir ,?omas ,br[ne repres5ts ! type ( decad5ce 9 /yle4 ,swift's prose is classic1 ,pat]'s decad5t4 ,hume & ,gibbon are classic1 ,em]son & ,c>lyle decad5t4 ,9 ar*itecture1 :i* is ! key to all ! arts1 we see ! di/9ction betwe5 ! classic & ! decad5t visibly demon/rat$2 ,roman ar*itecture is classic1 to become 9 its ,byzant9e developm5ts completely decad5t1 & ,/4 ,m>k's is ! p]fect$ type ( decad5ce 9 art2 pure e>ly ,go?ic1 aga91 is /rictly classic 9 ! highe/ degree because x %[s an absolute subord9ation ( detail to ! bold h>monies ( /ructure1 :ile lat] ,go?ic1 gr[n we>y ( ! commonplaces ( /ructure & pr$om9antly int]e/$ 9 beauty ( detail1 is aga9 decad5t4 ,9 ea* case ! e>li] & classic mann]--= ! classic mann]1 be+ m closely relat$ to ! ends ( utility1 mu/ always be e>li]--subord9ates ! p>ts to ! :ole1 & /rives aft] ^? virtues :i* ! :ole may be/ express2 ! lat] mann] depreciates ! importance ( ! :ole = ! b5efit ( its p>ts1 & /rives aft] ! virtues ( individualism4 ,all art is ! ris+ & fall+ ( ! slopes ( a rhy?mic curve betwe5 ^! two classic & decad5t extremes4 ,decad5ce sugge/s to u go+ d[n1 fall+1 decay4 ,if we walk d[n a real hill we d n feel t we commit a m wick$ act ?an :5 we walk$ up x4 ,b if x is a figurative hill !n we view ,hell at ! bottom4 ,! ^w 8corruption0--us$ 9 a precise & te*nical s5se to indicate ! break+ up ( ! :ole = ! b5efit ( its p>ts--s]ves also to indicate a p]iod or mann] ( decad5ce 9 art4 ,?is makes confusion worse1 = "h ! morali/ feels t surely he is on safe gr\nd4 ,b z ,nietzs*e1 ) 8 usual acut5ess 9 cutt+ at ! root ( vulg> prejudice1 has well rem>k$ 79 ,die frhli*e ,wiss5s*aft71 ev5 z reg>ds :at is call$ ! p]iod ( 8corruption0 9 ! evolution ( societies1 we are apt to ov]look ! fact t ! en]gy :i* 9 m primitive times m>k$ ! op]ations ( ! community z a :ole has n[ simply be5 transf]r$ to ! individuals !mselves1 & ?is aggr&isem5t ( ! individual really produces an ev5 great] am\nt ( en]gy4 ,! individual has ga9$ m ?an ! community has lo/4 ,an age ( social decad5ce is n only ! age ( s9n]s & deg5]ates1 b ( sa9ts & m>tyrs1 & decad5t ,rome produc$ an ,anton9us z well z a ,heliogabalus4 ,no d\bt social 8corruption0 & lit]>y 8corruption0 t5d to g toge!r2 an age ( individualism is usually an age ( arti/ic decad5ce1 & we may note t ! *ief lit]>y arti/s ( ,am]ica--,poe1 ,haw?orne1 ,:itman--are = ! mo/ "p 9 ! te*nical s5se decad5ts4 ,rome supplies ! fir/ cle> types ( classic & decad5t lit]ature1 & ! small gr\p ( rec5t ,fr5* writ]s to :om ! t]m has be5 m specifically appli$ 7 = ! mo/ "p peculi>ly attract$ by lat] ,lat9 lit]ature4 ,s f> z ,i c make out1 x is to ! pr(\nd & p5etrat+ g5ius ( ,baudelaire t we owe ! fir/ cle> appreh5sion ( ! legitimate "p :i* decad5ce plays 9 lit]ature4 ,we may trace x1 inde$1 9 8 own /yle1 cle>1 pure1 & correct z t /yle always rema9s1 z well z 9 8 lit]>y pref]5ces4 ,he 0 a good ,lat9i/1 & 8 fav\rite ,lat9 au?ors 7 ,apuleius1 ,juv5al1 ,petronius1 ,sa9t ,augu/9e1 ,t]tullian1 & o!r writ]s 9 prose & v]se ( ! e>ly ,*ri/ian ,*ur*4 ,he himself wrote a love-poem 9 rhym$ ,lat9 v]se1 add+ to x a note conc]n+ ! late ,lat9 decad5ce reg>d$ z 8! supreme sigh ( a vigor\s p]son already trans=m$ & prep>$ = ! spiritual life10 & specially apt to express passion z ! mod]n _w feels x1 "o pole ( ! magnet at ! opposite end ( :i* are ,catullus & 8 b&4 8,9 ?is m>vell\s tongue10 he add$1 8solecism & b>b>ism seem to me to r5d] ! =c$ neglig5ces ( a passion :i* =gets itself & mocks at rules4 ,words tak5 9 a new mean+ reveal ! *>m+ awkw>dness ( ! nor!rn b>b>ian kneel+ be=e ! ,roman beauty40 ,b ! be/ e>ly /atem5t ( ! mean+ ( decad5ce 9 /yle--?\gh d\btless inspir$ by ,baudelaire--0 furni%$ by ,gauti] 9 #ahfh 9 ! c\rse ( ! essay on ,baudelaire :i* is probably ! mo/ int]e/+ piece ( criticism he ev] a*iev$4 ,! passage is long1 b s precise & accurate t x mu/ "h 9 "p be quot$3 8,! poet ( ! ,fleurs du ,mal lov$ :at is improp]ly call$ ! /yle ( decad5ce1 & :i* is no?+ else b art arriv$ at t po9t ( extreme maturity yield$ by ! slant+ suns ( ag$ civilisations3 an +5i\s complicat$ /yle1 full ( %ades & ( rese>*1 con/antly pu%+ back ! b\nd>ies ( spee*1 borr[+ f all ! te*nical vocabul>ies1 tak+ col\r f all palettes & notes f all key-bo>ds1 /ruggl+ to r5d] :at is mo/ inexpressible 9 ?\ght1 :at is vague & mo/ elusive 9 ! outl9es ( =m1 li/5+ to translate ! subtle confid5ces ( neurosis1 ! dy+ confessions ( passion gr[n deprav$1 & ! /range halluc9ations ( ! obsession :i* is turn+ to madness4 ,! /yle ( decad5ce is ! ultimate utt]ance ( ! ,^w1 summon$ to f9al expression & driv5 to its la/ hid+-place4 ,"o may recall 9 ?is connection ! language ( ! lat] ,roman ,empire1 already m>bl$ ) ! gre5ness ( decomposition1 &1 s to speak1 gamy1 & ! complicat$ ref9em5ts ( ! ,byzant9e s*ool1 ! la/ =ms ( ,greek art fall+ into deliquesc5ce4 ,su* inde$ is ! necess>y & inevitable idiom ( peoples & civilisations 9 :i* factiti\s life has replac$ natural life1 & develop$ unkn[n wants 9 m54 ,x is1 besides1 no easy ?+1 ?is /yle disda9$ ( p$ants1 = x expresses new ideas 9 new =ms1 & 9 words :i* h n yet be5 he>d4 ,unlike ! classic /yle x admits %ad[4444 ,"o may well imag9e t ! f\rte5 hundr$ words ( ! ,rac9ian vocabul>y sc>cely suffice ! au?or :o has und]tak5 ! labori\s task ( r5d]+ mod]n ideas & ?+s 9 _! inf9ite complexity & multiple col\ration40 ,"s fifte5 ye>s lat]1 ,b\rget1 aga9 9 an essay on ,baudelaire 7,essais de ,psy*ologie ,contempora9e71 cont9u$ ! exposition ( ! !ory ( decad5ce1 elaborat+ ! analogy to ! social organism :i* ent]s ! /ate ( decad5ce z soon z ! individual life ( ! p>ts is no long] subord9at$ to ! :ole4 8,a simil> law gov]ns ! developm5t & decad5ce ( t o!r organism :i* we call language4 ,a /yle ( decad5ce is "o 9 :i* ! unity ( ! book is decompos$ to give place to ! indep5d5ce ( ! page1 9 :i* ! page is decompos$ to give place to ! indep5d5ce ( ! phrase1 & ! phrase to give place to ! indep5d5ce ( ! ^w40 ,x 0 at ?is "t 7ab\t #ahhd7 t ! t]m 8decad5t0 seems fir/ to h be5 appli$ by ,b>rs & o!rs to ! gr\p ( :i* ,v]la9e1 ,huysmans1 ,mall>m 7 ! mo/ di/+ui%$ memb]s1 & 9 s f> z x signifi$ an ard5t & elaborate se>* = p]fection ( detail beyond t atta9$ by ,p>nassian classicality x 0 tol]at$ or accept$4 ,v]la9e1 inde$1 0 = ! mo/ "p indiff]5t to labels1 nei!r accept+ nor reject+ !m1 & 8 "w 0 n b\nd up ) any !ory4 ,b ,huysmans1 ) ! intellectual passion ( ! pione] 9 art1 delib]ate & rel5tless1 has c>ri$ bo? ! !ory & ! practice ( decad5ce 9 /yle to ! f>!/ po9t4 ,9 practice he goes beyond ,baudelaire1 :o1 h[ev] enam\r$ he may h be5 ( :at he call$ ! phosphoresc5ce ( putresc5ce1 always reta9$ 9 8 own /yle mu* ( :at is be/ 9 ! classic mann]4 ,huysmans' vocabul>y is va/1 8 images1 :e!r remote or famili>1 always d>+1--8dragg$10 9 ! words ( "o critic1 8by ! hair or by ! feet1 d[n ! worm-eat5 /aircase ( t]rifi$ ,syntax10--b a he>t-felt pulse ( emotion is re/ra9$ b5ea? ! sombre & extravagant magnific5ce ( ?is /yle1 & imp>ts at ! be/ t modulat$ surge ( life :i* only ! great ma/]s c control4 ,des ,esse9tes's pr$ilections 9 lit]ature are elaborat$ ?r\gh sev]al *apt]s1 & )\t "q he fai?fully reflects 8 creator's impressions4 ,he 0 indiff]5t or contemptu\s t[>ds ! writ]s ( ! ,lat9 ,augu/an age2 ,virgil seem$ to him ?9 & me*anical1 ,horace a dete/able cl[n2 ! fat r$undancy ( ,cic]o1 we are told1 & ! dry con/ipation ( ,cs> alike disgu/$ him2 ,sallu/1 ,livy1 ,juv5al1 ev5 ,tacitus & ,plautus1 ?\gh = ^! he _h words ( praise1 seem$ to him = ! mo/ "p m]ely ! delights ( pseudo-lit]>y read]s4 ,lat9 only began to be int]e/+ to ,des ,esse9tes 9 ,lucan1 = "h at lea/1 9 spite ( ! und]ly+ holl[ness1 x became expressive & /udd$ ) brilliant jewels4 ,! au?or :om above all he delight$ 9 0 ,petronius--:o rem9d$ ,des ,esse9tes ( ! mod]n ,fr5* noveli/s he mo/ admir$--& sev]al eloqu5t pages are devot$ to t pr(\nd obs]v]1 delicate analy/1 & m>vell\s pa9t] :o modell$ 8 own vivid & precise /yle out ( all ! idioms & slang ( 8 day4 ,aft] ,petronius !re 0 a gap 9 8 collection ( ,lat9 au?ors until ! second c5tury ( our own era is rea*$ ) ,apuleius & ! /]n] ,*ri/ian contempor>ies ( t jovial pagan1 ,t]tullian & ! re/1 9 ^: h&s ! tongue t 9 ,petronius _h rea*$ supreme maturity n[ began to dissolve4 ,= ,t]tullian he _h little admiration1 & none = ,augu/9e1 ?\gh sympa?is+ ) 8 ,city ( ,god & 8 g5]al disgu/ = ! _w4 ,b ! special od\r :i* ! ,*ri/ians _h by ! f\r? c5tury imp>t$ to decompos+ pagan ,lat9 0 delightful to him 9 su* au?ors z ,commodian ( ,gaza1 ^: tawny1 sombre1 & tortu\s /yle he ev5 pref]r$ to ,claudian's sonor\s bla/s1 9 :i* ! trumpet ( paganism 0 la/ he>d 9 ! _w4 ,he 0 also able to ma9ta9 int]e/ 9 ,prud5tius1 ,s$ulius1 & a ho/ ( unkn[n ,*ri/ians :o comb9$ ,ca?olic f]v\r ) a ,lat9ity :i* _h become1 z x 71 completely putrid1 leav+ b a few %r$s ( torn fle% = ! ,*ri/ians to 8m>9ate 9 ! br9e ( _! new tongue40 ,8 %elves cont9u$ to %[ ,lat9 books ( ! six?1 sev5?1 & eigh? c5turies1 among :i* he f\nd special pleasure 9 ! ,anglo-,saxon writ]s1 & only f9ally ceas$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! t5? c5tury1 :5 8! curiosity1 ! complicat$ navet0 ( ! e>li] tongue 7 f9ally lo/ 9 s*ola/ic philosophy & m]e c>tal>ies & *ronicles4#h ,!n1 ) a =midable leap ( t5 c5turies1 8 ,lat9 books gave place to n9ete5? c5tury ,fr5* books4 ,des ,esse9tes is no admir] ( ,rabelais or ,molire1 ( ,voltaire or ,r\sseau4 ,among ! old] ,fr5* writ]s he read only ,villon1 ,d',aubign1 ,bossuet1 ,b\rdal\e1 ,nicole1 & especially ,pascal4 ,putt+ ^! aside1 8 ,fr5* libr>y began ) ,baudelaire1 ^: works he _h pr9t$ 9 an edition ( "o copy1 9 episcopal lett]s1 9 l>ge missal =mat1 b\nd 9 fle%-col\r$ pig-sk92 he f\nd an unspeakable delight 9 read+ ?is poet :o1 89 an age :5 v]se only s]v$ to express ! ext]nal aspects ( ?+s1 _h succe$$ 9 express+ ! inexpressible1 by virtue ( a muscul> & s9ewy spee* :i* m ?an any o!r possess$ ! m>vell\s p[] ( fix+ ) /range sanity ( expression ! mo/ morbid1 fleet+1 tremul\s /ates ( we>y bra9s & sorr[ful s\ls40 ,aft] ,baudelaire ! few ,fr5* books on ,des ,esse9tes's %elves fall into two gr\ps1 "o religi\s1 "o secul>4 ,mo/ ( ! ,fr5* cl]ical writ]s he disreg>d$1 = !y yield a pale flux ( words :i* seem$ to him to come f a s*ool-girl 9 a conv5t4 ,lacordaire he reg>d$ z an exception1 = 8 language _h be5 fus$ & m\ld$ by ard5t eloqu5ce1 b = ! mo/ "p ! ,ca?olic writ]s he pref]r$ 7 outside ! ,*ur*4 ,= ,hello's ,homme1 especially1 he *]i%$ pr(\nd admiration1 & an inevitable sympa?y = its au?or1 :o seem$ to him 8a cunn+ eng9e] ( ! s\l1 a skilful wat*mak] ( ! bra91 delight+ to exam9e ! me*anism ( a passion & to expla9 ! play ( ! :eelwork10 & yet unit$ to ?is p[] ( analysis all ! fanaticism ( a ,biblical prophet1 & ! tortur$ +5uity ( a ma/] ( /yle--an ill-balanc$1 incoh]5t1 yet subtle p]sonality4 ,b above all he delight$ 9 ,b>bey d',aurevilly1 %ut out f ! ,*ur* z an unclean & pe/if]\s h]etic1 yet glory+ to s+ h] praises1 ins9uat+ into t praise a note ( almo/ sadi/ic sacrilege1 a writ] at once dev\t & impi\s1 altoge!r aft] ,des ,esse9tes's own he>t1 s t a special copy ( ! ,diaboliques1 9 episcopal violet & c>d9al purple1 pr9t$ on sanctifi$ vellum ) initials adorn$ by satanic tails1 =m$ "o ( 8 mo/ *]i%$ possessions4 ,9 ,d',aurevilly's /yle alone he truly recognis$ ! same gam9ess1 ! speckl$ morbidity1 ! flav\r z ( a sleepy pe> :i* he lov$ 9 decad5t ,lat9 & ! mona/ic writ]s ( old "t4 ,( contempor>y secul> books he possess$ n _m2 by =ce ( pass+ !m ?r\gh ! screw-press ( 8 bra9 few 7 f9ally f\nd solid en\gh to em]ge intact & be> r]ead+1 & 9 ?is process he _h accel]at$ 8! incurable conflict :i* exi/$ betwe5 8 ideas & ^? ( ! _w into :i* by *ance he _h be5 born40 ,c]ta9 select$ works ( ! ?ree great ,fr5* noveli/s ( 8 "t--,flaub]t1 ,gonc\rt1 & ,zola--/ill rema9$1 = 9 all ?ree he f\nd 9 v>i\s =ms t 8no/algie des au-del0 by :i* he 0 himself haunt$2 & ) ,baudelaire1 ^! ?ree 71 9 mod]n pr(ane lit]ature1 ! au?ors by :om he _h *iefly be5 m\ld$4 ,! scanty collection also includ$ ,v]la9e1 ,mall>m1 ,poe1 & ,villi]s de l',isle-,adam1 ^: firm fanta/ic /yle & poignantly ironic attitude t[>ds ! utilit>ian mod]n _w he f\nd entirely to 8 ta/e4 ,f9ally1 !re only rema9$ ! little an?ology ( prose-poems4 ,des ,esse9tes ?\ght x improbable t he w\ld ev] make any additions to 8 libr>y2 x seem$ impossible to him t a decad5t language--8/ruggl+ on its dea?-b$ to repair all ! omissions ( joy & bequea? ! subtle/ memories ( pa90--w\ld ev] g beyond ,mall>m4 ,?is brief summ>y ( ! ?ree *apt]s1 all full ( ke5 if wayw>d critical insight1 :i* describe ,des ,esse9tes's libr>y1 may s]ve at once bo? to indicate ! *ief m\ld+ influ5ces on ,huysmans' own /yle & to illu/rate ! precise nature ( decad5ce 9 art & ! fundam5tal "p x plays4 ,we h to recognise t decad5ce is an /hetic & n a moral conception4 ,! p[] ( words is great1 b !y ne$ n befool u4 ,! classic h]r+ %\ld sugge/ no moral sup]iority ov] ! decad5t bloat]4 ,we are n call$ ^u to air our moral indignation ov] ! bass end ( ! musical clef4 ,all confusion ( intellectual sub/ances is fooli%1 & "o may well sympa?ise ) t f]vid unkn[n metaphysician to :om we owe ! ,a?anasian cre$ :5 he w5t s f> z to ass]t t x is damnable4 ,x is n lea/ s 9 ! weak-head$ decad5t :o falls into ! morali/'s sn>e & complac5tly admits 8 own exce$+ wick$ness4 ,we may well res]ve our f9e/ admiration = ! classic 9 art1 = !re9 are includ$ ! l>ge/ & mo/ impos+ works ( human skill2 b our admiration is ( little wor? if x is f\nd$ on incapacity to appreciate ! decad5t4 ,ea* has its virtues1 ea* is equally "r & necess>y4 ,"o ignorant ( plants might well say1 on gaz+ at a se$-capsule ) its se$s dispos$ 9 h>moni\s r[s1 t !re 0 ! et]nally natural & :olesome ord] ( ?+s1 & on see+ ! same capsule )] & ca/ abroad its se$s to g]m9ate at r&om 9 ! e>?1 t "h 0 an un:olesome & deplorable p]iod ( decay4 ,b he w\ld "k little ( ! transmutations ( life4 ,& we h to recognise t ^? p]sons :o br+ ! same crude notions into ! field ( art "k z little ( ! life ( ! _s4 ,,iii4 ,= "s ye>s aft] ! appe>ance ( ,a ,reb\rs ,huysmans produc$ no?+ ( any magnitude4 ,en ,rade1 8 next novel1 ! exp]i5ce ( a ,p>isian m>ri$ c\ple :o1 "u ! /ress ( tempor>y pecuni>y difficulties1 g into ! c\ntry to /ay at an uncle's f>m1 dwells 9 ! memory *iefly by virtue ( two vividly naturali/ic episodes1 ! bir? ( a calf & ! dea? ( a cat4 ,m int]e/+1 m intimately p]sonal1 are ! two volumes ( art criticism1 ,l',art ,mod]ne & ,c]ta9s1 :i* ,huysmans publi%$ at ab\t ?is p]iod4 ,degas1 ,rops1 ,raffaelli1 ,odilon ,r$on are among ! arti/s ( v v>i\s temp]am5t :om ,huysmans ei!r discov]$1 or at all ev5ts fir/ appreciat$ 9 _! full significance1 & :5 he writes ( !m x is n alone critical insight :i* he reveals1 b 8 own p]sonal vision ( ! _w4 ,to ,huysmans ! _w has ev] be5 above all a vision2 x 0 no accid5t t ! art t appeals mo/ purely to ! eyes is t ( :i* he has be5 ! f9e/ critic4 ,"o is tempt$1 inde$1 to sugge/ t ?is aptitude is ! outcome ( h]$ity1 ( long g5]ations devot$ to labori\s wat*fulness ( ! desire ( ! eye 9 ! ext]nal _w1 n inde$ by actual accumulation ( acquir$ qualities1 b by ! pass+ on ( a n]v\s organism long f\nd s apt = ?is task4 ,he has ev] be5 int5sely preoccupi$ ) ! ef=t to express ^? visible aspects ( ?+s :i* ! arts ( design 7 made to express1 :i* ! art ( spee* c p]haps nev] express4 ,! tortur$ elaboration ( 8 /yle is *iefly due to ?is p]petual ef=t to squeeze tones & col\rs out ( ?is =eign m$ium4 ,! pa9t]'s bra9 holds only a p5 & _c re/ until x has wrung f x a bru%'s "w4 ,b n only is ! s5se ( vision m>k$ 9 ,huysmans4 ,we are consci\s ( a g5]al hyp]/hesia1 an int5se al]tness to ! inru% ( s5sations1 :i* we might well t]m morbid if x 7 n s completely intellectualis$ & controll$4 ,he>+1 inde$1 appe>s to be less acutely s5sitive ?an sight1 ! poet is subord9at$ to ! pa9t]1 ?\gh t s5se /ill makes itself felt1 & ! heavy multicol\r$ p>agraphs (t5 fall at ! close into a melan*oly & poignant rhy?m lad5 ) sighs4 ,x is ! s5se ( smell :i* ,huysmans' "w w\ld lead u to reg>d z mo/ highly develop$ aft] t ( sight4 ,! s]i\s way 9 :i* ,des ,esse9tes treats p]fumes is *>act]i/ic1 & "o ( ! mo/ curi\s & elaborate ( ! ,croquis ,p>isi5s is 8,le ,g\sset10 9 :i* ! capacities ( language are /ra9$ to def9e & diff]5tiate ! od\rs ( fem99e arm-pits4 ,aga91 e>li]1 9 a preface writt5 = ,hannon's ,rimes de ,joie1 ,huysmans po9ts out t t writ]--:o fail$ to fulfil 8 e>ly promise--alone ( contempor>y poets possess$ 8la curiosit des p>fums10 & t 8 *ief poem 0 writt5 9 hon\r ( :at ,huysmans call$ 8! lib]t9e virtues ( t glori\s p]fume10 opoponax4 ,?is s5sitiv5ess to od\r is less m>k$ 9 ,huysmans' lat] "w1 b ! dom9ance ( vision rema9s4 ,! two volumes ( essays on art incid5tally s]ve to ?r[ consid]able light on ,huysmans' conception ( life4 ,= special illu/ration we may take 8 attitude t[>ds wom51 :om 9 8 novels he usually treats1 f a r conv5tionally sexual po9t ( view1 z a fact 9 man's life r ?an z a subject = indep5d5t analysis4 ,9 ^! essays we may trace ! developm5t ( 8 own p]sonal po9t ( view1 & 9 comp>+ ! e>li] ) ! lat] volume we f9d a *ange :i* is significant ( ! g5]al evolution ( ,huysmans' attitude t[>ds life4 ,he is at once ! ultra-mod]n *ild ( a ref9$ civilisation & ! victim ( no/algia = an ascetic m$ivalism2 8 orig9ality lies 9 ! fact t 9 him ^! two t5d5cies are n oppos$ b h>moni\s1 al?\gh ! second has only ( late rea*$ full developm5t4 ,9 a notable passage 9 ,en ,rade1 ,jacques1 ! h]o1 confesses t he c see no?+ really great or beautiful 9 a h>ve/ field1 ) its anodyne toil1 z comp>$ ) a work%op or a /eamboat1 8! horrible magnific5ce ( ma*9es1 t "o beauty :i* ! mod]n _w has be5 able to create40 ,x is s t ,huysmans views wom5 also2 he is z indiff]5t to ! fem99e ideals ( classic art z to its lit]>y ideals4 ,9 ,l',art ,mod]ne1 speak+ ) admiration ( a /udy ( ! nude by ,gaugu91 he proce$s to lam5t t no "o has pa9t$ ! unclo!d mod]n woman )\t falsification or prem$itat$ arrangem5t1 real1 alive 9 h] own intimate p]sonality1 ) h] own joys & pa9s inc>nat$ 9 ! curves ( h] fle%1 & ! la% ( *ildbir? traceable on h] flanks4 ,we g to ! ,l\vre to le>n h[ to pa9t1 he rem>ks1 =gett+ t 8beauty is n uni=m & inv>iable1 b *anges ) ! age & ! climate1 t ! ,v5us ( ,milo1 = in/ance1 is n[ n m beautiful & int]e/+ ?an ^? anci5t /atues ( ! ,new ,_w1 /reak$ & tattoo$ & adorn$ ) fea!rs2 t bo? are b div]se manife/ations ( ! same ideal ( beauty pursu$ by diff]5t races2 t at ! pres5t date !re c be no "q ( rea*+ ! beautiful by ,v5etian1 ,greek1 ,dut*1 or ,flemi% rites2 b only by /riv+ to dis5gage x f contempor>y life1 f ! _w t surr\nds u40 8,un nu fatigu1 dlicat1 aff91 vibrant0 c alone con=m to our own "t2 & he adds t no "o has truly pa9t$ ! nude s9ce ,rembr&t4 ,x is in/ructive to turn f ?is essay to t on ,degas1 writt5 "s six ye>s lat]4 ,x may fairly be said t to ,degas belongs ! hon\r ( tak+ up ! /udy ( ! nude at ! po9t :]e ,rembr&t left x2 & l ,rembr&t1 he has realis$ t ! nude c only be rightly repres5t$ 9 ^? movem5ts1 po/ures1 & avocations by :i* x is naturally & habitually expos$4 ,x is sc>cely surpris+1 !re=e1 t ,huysmans at once grasp$ ! full significance ( ! pa9t]'s a*ievem5t4 ,b he has no?+ n[ to say ( ! beauty t lies b5ea? ! conf9em5t ( mod]n g>m5ts1 8! delici\s *>m ( y\?1 gr[n languid1 r5d]$ z x 7 div9e by ! debilitat+ air ( cities40 ,on ! contr>y1 he emphasises ! vision :i* ,degas pres5ts ( wom5 at ! ba?-tub reveal+ 9 e 8frog-l & simian attitude0 _! pitiful homel9ess1 8! humid horror ( a body :i* no wa%+ c purify40 ,su* a glorifi$ contempt ( ! fle%1 he adds1 has nev] be5 a*iev$ s9ce ! ,middle ,ages4 ,!re we cat* :at _h n[ become ! dom9ant tone 9 ,huysmans' vision2 ! mo/ mod]n ?+s 9 art n[ sugge/ to him1 !y seem to m]ge into1 ! mo/ m$ival & ascetic4 ,& if we turn to ! essay on ,flici5 ,rops 9 ! same volume--! mo/ ma/]ly ( 8 essays--we f9d ! same po9t develop$ to ! utmo/4 ,rops 9 8 own way is z mod]n & z d>+ an arti/ ( ! nude z ,degas4 ,b1 z ,huysmans p]ceives1 9 del9eat+ ! ess5tially mod]n he is sc>cely a supreme arti/1 is ev5 inf]ior to ,=a91 :o 9 8 own circumscrib$ region is insurpassable4 ,rops1 z ,huysmans po9ts out1 is ! great arti/ ( ! symbolical r ?an ! naturali/ic mod]n1 a great arti/ :o furni%es ! c\nt]p>t to ,meml9c & ,fra ,angelico4 ,all art1 ,huysmans proce$s1 8mu/ gravitate1 l humanity :i* has giv5 bir? to x & ! e>? :i* c>ries x1 betwe5 ! two poles ( ,purity & ,wantonness1 ! ,heav5 & ! ,hell ( art40 ,rops has tak5 ! latt] pole1 9 no vulg> nymphomaniacal %apes1 b 8to divulge its causes1 to summ>ise x ,ca?olically1 if "o may say s1 9 ard5t & sorr[ful images02 he has drawn wom5 :o are 8diabolical ,!resas1 satanis$ sa9ts40 ,foll[+ 9 ! pa? initiat$ by ,baudelaire & ,b>bey ,d',aurevilly1 ,huysmans concludes1 ,rops has re/or$ ,wantonness to h] anci5t & ,ca?olic dignity4 ,?us is ,huysmans almo/ imp]ceptibly l$ back to ! old /&po9t f :i* woman & ! ,devil are "o4 ,c]ta9s 0 imm$iately foll[$ by ,l-bas4 ,?is novel is ma9ly a /udy ( ,satanism1 9 :i* ,huysmans int]e/$ himself long be=e x attract$ ! g5]al att5tion x has s9ce receiv$ 9 ,france4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 ?ree l9es ( int]e/ 9 ! book1 ! /ory ( ,gilles de ,rais & 8 ,sadism1 ! discussion ( ,satanism culm9at+ 9 an extraord9>y description ( a mod]n celebration ( ! ,black ,mass1 & ! n>ration ( ,durtal's liaison ) ,madame ,*antel\ve1 :]e9 ,huysmans rea*es1 by firm precision & triumphant audacity1 ! highe/ po9t he has atta9$ 9 ! analysis ( ! secrets ( passion4 ,b ?\gh full ( excell5t matt]1 ! book loses 9 impressiv5ess f ! multiplicity ( ^! insuffici5tly compact$ elem5ts ( int]e/4 ,:ile n among 8 f9e/ a*ievem5ts1 h[ev]1 x s]ves to m>k ! def9ite atta9m5t ( a new /age 9 bo? ! _s & ! me?od ( 8 "w4 ,hi!rto he _h be5 a reali/1 9 me?od if n 9 _s1 & _h conqu]$ ! f9e/ secrets ( naturali/ic art2 by ! help ( ,en ,mnage alone1 z ,h5nequ91 "o ( 8 e>lie/ & be/ critics has said1 8x w always be possible to re/ore ! exact physiognomy ( ,p>is to-day40 ,at ! outset ( ,l-bas !re is a discussion conc]n+ ! naturali/ic novel & its functions :i* makes pla9 ! /&po9t to :i* ,huysmans _h n[ atta9$4 ,pond]+ ! matt]1 ,durtal1 ! h]o ( ! book1 consid]s t we ne$1 on ! "o h&1 ! v]acity ( docum5t1 ! precision ( detail1 ! n]v\s /r5g? ( language1 :i* realism has suppli$2 b also1 on ! o!r h&1 we mu/ draw wat] f ! wells ( ! s\l4 ,we _c expla9 ev]y?+ by sexuality & insanity2 we ne$ ! s\l & ! body 9 _! natural reactions1 _! conflict & _! union4 8,we mu/1 9 %ort1 foll[ ! great high-way s deeply dug out by ,zola1 b x is also necess>y to trace a p>allel pa? 9 ! air1 ano!r road by :i* we may rea* ! ,beyond & ! ,aft]w>d1 to a*ieve ?us1 9 "o ^w1 a spirituali/ic naturalism40 ,do/oievsky comes ne>e/ to ?is a*ievem5t1 he rem>ks1 & ! real psy*ologi/ ( ! c5tury is n ,/5dhal b ,hello4 ,9 ano!r =m ( art ! e>ly pa9t]s--,italian1 ,g]man1 especially ,flemi%--realis$ ?is ideal4 ,durtal sees a consummate revelation ( su* spiritual naturalism 9 ,mat?u ,grnewald's crucifixion at ,cassel--! ,*ri/ :o 0 at once a putrid & unaureol$ corpse & yet a manife/ god ba!d 9 invisible light1 ! union ( outrage\s realism & outrage\s idealism4 8,?us f triumphal ordure ,grnewald extract$ ! f9e/ m9ts ( dilection1 ! %>pe/ ess5ces ( te>s40 ,"o may say t ! t5d5cy ,huysmans "h s cle>ly ass]ts _h ev] be5 pres5t 9 8 "w4 ,b 9 8 previ\s novels 8 own native impulse 0 always a little unduly oppress$ by ! naturali/ic =mulas ( ,gonc\rt & ,zola4 ,! me?ods ( ^! great ma/]s _h laid a burd5 on 8 "w1 & al?\gh ! "w develop$ b5ea?1 & because (1 t burd51 a s5se ( labori\s pa9 & obscurity too (t5 result$4 ,h5ce=? ?is disappe>s4 ,huysmans reta9s 8 own complexity ( /yle1 b he has won a c]ta9 measure ( simplicity & lucidity4 ,x 0 a natural developm5t1 no d\bt fur!r$ also by ! position :i* ,huysmans _h n[ won 9 ! _w ( lett]s4 ,a ,reb\rs1 :i* he _h writt5 = 8 own pleasure1 _h f\nd an e*o 9 ?\s&s ( read]s1 & ! consci\sness ( an audi5ce inspir$ a c]ta9 cl>ity ( spee*4 ,f ?is "t we miss ! insults direct$ at ! btise ( humanity4 ,^! *>act]i/ics cle>ly m>k ,huysmans' next & p]haps greate/ book1 9 :i* ! writ] :o _h conqu]$ all ! secrets ( decad5t art n[ sets 8 face t[>ds ! ideals ( classic art4 ,9 ,en ,r\te1 inde$1 ^! new qualities ( simplicity1 lucidity1 humanity1 & int5sity ( int]e/ atta9 s high a degree t ! book has rea*$ a va/ numb] ( read]s :o c\ld n realise ! m>vell\s lib]ation f slav]y to its mat]ial :i* ! sl[ elaboration ( art has "h rea*$4 ,9 ,a ,reb\rs ,huysmans succe$$ 9 tak+ up ! prose-poem into 8 novel =m1 :ile at ! same "t c]ta9ly sacrific+ some?+ ( ! f9e analysis ( famili> ?+s :i* he _h develop$ 9 ,en ,mnage4 ,9 ,en ,r\te he takes ! novel f ! po9t he _h rea*$ 9 ,a ,reb\rs1 incorporates into x t p[] ( analysis :i* has n[ rea*$ incomp>able simplicity & acuity1 & ?us wields ! :ole ( ! arti/ic means :i* he has acquir$ dur+ a qu>t] ( a c5tury to "o end1 ! pres5tation ( a spiritual /ate :i* has become ( absorb+ p]sonal int]e/ to himself4 ,i well rememb] he>+ ,m4 ,huysmans1 _m ye>s ago1 tell h[ a muddle-head$ p]son _h wi%$ to commission him to pa9t a head ( ,*ri/4 ,x seem$ !n a delici\sly absurd reque/ to make ( ! au?or ( ,a ,reb\rs1 & 8 face wore ! pati5t smile :i* ! spectacle ( human /upidity 0 wont to evoke1 b ,i h s9ce ?\ght t t muddle-head$ p]son 0 wis] ?an he knew4 ,z we look back on ,huysmans' e>li] "w x is n[ easy to see h[ he has /eadily progress$ t[>ds 8 pres5t /&po9t4 ,en ,r\te does n repres5t1 z "s might imag9e1 ! reaction ( an exhau/$ debau*ee or ev5 ! self-deception ( a disappo9t$ man ( ! _w4 ,! temp]am5t ( ,durtal is t ( ,&r & ,folant9 & ,des ,esse9tes2 f ! fir/1 9 ! ,drageoir ,epices1 ,huysmans has be5 an ideali/ & a seek]1 by no means an ascetic1 r a man ^: inquisitive s5ses & re/less imag9ation _h l$ him to ta/e ( e =bidd5 fruit1 b nev] "o to :om ! vulg> pleasures ( life c\ld (f] any abid+ satisfaction4 ,! m precise record ( ,des ,esse9tes's e>ly sexual life may help u "h2 :ile = ! p5ultimate /age ,durtal's relations ) ,madame ,*antel\ve 9 ,l-bas1 & ! m+l$ attraction & repulsion :i* he felt = h]1 are c]ta9ly significant4 ,9 ,en ,r\te ,durtal magnifies 8 own wick$ness1 z ,bunyan did 9 8 ,grace ,ab\nd+2 ! sa9ts h always /riv5 to magnify _! wick$ness1 leav+ to ! s9n]s ! cong5ial function ( play+ at righte\sness4 ,to trace ! real p]man5ce ( ,huysmans' attitude t[>ds religion x is en\gh to turn back to ,a ,reb\rs4 ,des ,esse9tes _h be5 educat$ by ! ,jesuits1 & x sometimes seem$ to him t t education _h put into him "s extra-t]re/rial f]m5t :i* nev] aft] ceas$ to "w1 driv+ him 9 se>* ( a new _w & impossible ideals4 ,he c\ld f9d no e>?ly place ( re/2 he s\ght to build = himself a 8ref9$ ,!baid0 z a w>m & com=table ark :]e9 to f9d %elt] f ! flood ( human imbecility4 ,he 0 already drawn t[>ds ! ,*ur* by _m bonds1 by 8 pr$ilection = e>ly ,*ri/ian ,lat9ity1 by ! exquisite beauty ( ! ecclesia/ical art ( ! ,middle ,ages1 by 8 love = mona/ic m$ival music1 8t emaciat$ music :i* act$ in/9ctively on 8 n]ves0 & seem$ to him preci\s beyond all o!r4 ,j z ,nietzs*e 0 always haunt$ by ! desire = a mona/]y = free?9k]s1 s ,des ,esse9tes dream$ ( a h]mitage1 ( ! advantages ( ! cloi/]$ life ( conv5ts1 :]e9 m5 are p]secut$ by ! _w = met+ out to x ! j contempt ( sil5ce4 ,des ,esse9tes1 & ev5 ! ,durtal ( ,l-bas1 always put aside ^! ?\ghts ) ! reflection t1 aft] all1 ! ,*ur* is only an out-worn leg5d1 a magnific5t impo/ure4 ,9 ,en ,r\te ,durtal has tak5 a decisive /ep4 ,he has und]gone t psy*ological exp]i5ce commonly call$ 8conv]sion40 ,x is only ( rec5t ye>s t ! ph5om5a ( conv]sion h be5 s]i\sly /udi$1 b we "k at all ev5ts t x is n intellectual1 n ev5 necess>ily moral trans=mation1 ?\gh x may react 9 ei!r direction1 b prim>ily an emotional ph5om5on2 & t x occurs especially 9 ^? :o h und]gone long & tortur+ disquietude1 com+ at la/ z ! spontane\s resolution ( all _! d\bts1 ! eruption ( a soo?+ flood ( peace1 ! sil5t explosion ( inn] light4 ,! insight ) :i* ?is /ate is describ$ 9 ,en ,r\te seems to te/ify to a real k ( x4 ,no obvi\s moral or intellectual *ange is effect$ 9 ,durtal1 b he receives a new exp]i5ce ( reposeful fai?1 a conviction deep] ?an all argum5t4 ,x is really ! sudd5 em]g5ce into consci\sness ( a v gradual process1 & ! concrete arti/ic temp]am5t :i* _h be5 subject$ to ! process reacts 9 its own way4 ,a m ab/ract intellig5ce w\ld h ask$3 8,b1 aft] all1 is my fai? true80 ,durtal1 9 ! pres5ce ( ! gr[+ /ructure ( s5sory & imag9ative =ms )9 him1 :i* has become z x 7 a home1 feels t ! "q ( its tru? has fall5 into ! backgr\nd4 ,its p]fect fitness has become ! affirmation ( its tru?4 ,h5ce=? x is ! task ( 8 life to le>n h[ be/ to adapt himself to :at he recognises z 8 et]nal home4 ,en ,r\te repres5ts a /age 9 ?is adaptation4 ,by a r>e *ance--a happi] *ance ?an befell ,tol/oi "u some:at simil> circum/ances--a new developm5t 9 arti/ic a*ievem5t has "h run p>allel1 & 9 exquisite h>mony1 ) ! new spiritual developm5t4 ,! gr[+ simplicity ( ,huysmans' "w has rea*$ a po9t beyond :i* x c\ld n p]haps be c>ri$ )\t injury to 8 vivid & concrete /yle4 ,& ! new simplicity ( _s1 ( :i* x is ! reflection1 m>ks ! f9al retreat into ! backgr\nd ( t unreasonable contempt = humanity :i* ran ?r\gh ne>ly all ! previ\s books1 & n[ at la/ passes ev5 into an ec/asy ( adoration 9 ! passages conc]n+ old ,simon1 ! mona/]y sw9e-h]d4 ,huysmans has *iefly %[n 8 art1 h[ev]1 by rely+ almo/ solely = ! int]e/ ( 8 book on 8 n[ consummate p[] ( analysis4 ,?is p[]1 :i* we may p]haps fir/ cle>ly trace 9 8,sac au ,dos10 _h develop$ 9 ,en ,mnage into a wond]ful skill to light up ! unexplor$ corn]s ( ! s\l & to lay b>e ^? t]rible ?\ghts :i* are1 z he has some:]e said1 ! lam5table inc>nation ( 8! unconsci\s ignom9y ( pure s\ls40 ,9 8 e>li] ma/]piece1 ,a ,reb\rs1 h[ev]1 x is little se51 hav+ mo/ly pass$ into /hetic criticism4 ,! f9e/ episode ( emotional analysis "h is ! admirable *apt] 9 :i* ,des ,esse9tes's attempt to visit ,london is n>rat$4 ,all 8 life he _h wi%$ to see two c\ntries1 ,holl& & ,engl&4 7,& "h we may recall t ! =m] is ,huysmans' own ance/ral l&1 & t 8 ,fr5* critics f9d 9 8 "w a di/9ct flav\r ( ,engli% hum\r47 ,he _h actually be5 to ,holl&1 & ) visions won f ! pictures ( ,rembr&t1 ,/e51 & ,t5i]s he _h return$ disillusion$4 ,n[ he w5t to ,galignani's1 b\ght an ,engli% ,ba$ek]1 ent]$ ! bodega 9 ! ,rue de ,rivoli to dr9k ( t port :i* ! ,engli% love1 & !n proce$$ to a tav]n opposite ! ,g>e ,/4 ,laz>e to eat :at he imag9$ to be a *>act]i/ic ,engli% meal1 surr\nd$ by ,engli% p1 & haunt$ by memories ( ,dick5s4 ,& z "t w5t by he cont9u$ to sit /ill1 :ile all ! s5sations ( ,engl& seem$ to pass along 8 n]ves1 /ill sat until at la/ ! ,london mail _h />t$4 8,:y /ir10 he ask$ himself1 8:5 "o c travel s magnific5tly 9 a *air8444 ,besides1 :at c "o expect save fre% disillusionm5t1 z 9 ,holl&8444 ,& !n ,i h exp]i5c$ & se5 :at ,i want$ to exp]i5ce & see4 ,i h saturat$ myself ) ,engli% life2 x w\ld be madness to lose by an awkw>d *ange ( place ^! imp]i%able s5sations4444 ,he call$ a cab & return$ ) 8 portmanteaus1 p>cels1 valises1 rugs1 umbrellas1 & /icks to ,font5ay1 feel+ ! physical & m5tal fatigue ( a man :o returns home aft] a long & p]il\s j\rney40 ,!re c\ld be no happi] picture ( ! imag9ative life ( ! arti/ic temp]am5t4 ,b 9 ,en ,r\te analysis is ! prime elem5t ( int]e/2 f fir/ to la/ !re is no?+ to hold u b ?is se>*+ & poignant analysis ( ! fluctuations ( ,durtal's s\l ?r\gh ! small section :i* he "h travels 9 ! road t[>ds spiritual peace4 ,& on ! way1 lightly1 z by *ance1 ! au?or drops ! f9e/ appreciations ( liturgical /hetics1 ( pla9-*ant1 ( ! way ( ! ,*ur* ) ! s\l1 ( ! ev]la/+ /ruggle ) ! ,evil ,"o4 ,!re c\ld1 = in/ance1 be no bett] /atem5t ?an ?is ( "o ( ! my/ic's secrets3 8,!re are two ways ( ridd+ ourselves ( a ?+ :i* burd5s u1 ca/+ x away or lett+ x fall4 ,to ca/ away requires an ef=t ( :i* we may n be capable1 to let fall imposes no lab\r1 is simpl]1 )\t p]il1 )9 rea* ( all4 ,to ca/ away1 aga91 implies a c]ta9 int]e/1 a c]ta9 animation1 ev5 a c]ta9 fe>2 to let fall is absolute indiff]5ce1 absolute contempt2 believe me1 use ?is me?od1 & ,satan w flee40 ,h[ _m =ms ( ,satan !re are 9 ! _w be=e :i* we may pr(itably m$itate on ^! words6 ,to /rive or cry 9 ! face ( human /upidity is n ! way to set x to flight2 t is ! lesson :i* ,des ,esse9tes w\ld nev] li/5 to1 :i* ,durtal has at la/ le>nt4#i ,en ,r\te is ! fir/ ( a trilogy1 & ! names ( ! succe$+ volumes1 ,la ,ca?drale & ,l',oblat1 suffici5tly indicate ! end ( ! pa? on :i* ,durtal1 if n inde$ 8 creator1 has />t$4 ,b h[ev] t may prove1 :atev] ,huysmans' own f9al /age may be1 !re c be little d\bt t he is ! greate/ ma/] ( /yle1 & )9 8 own limits ! subtle/ ?9k] & ! acute/ psy*ologi/ :o 9 ,france to-day uses ! m$ium ( ! novel4 ,only ,zola c be comp>$ ) him1 & betwe5 !m !re c be no k9d ( rivalry4 ,zola1 ) 8 imm5se & exub]ant temp]am5t1 8 sanity & wid? ( view1 8 robu/ & plebeian art1 has 8 own place on ! high-road ( mod]n lit]ature4 ,huysmans1 an intellectual & /hetic ari/ocrat1 has foll[$ ) unfl9*+ s9c]ity ! by-pa? along :i* 8 own m high-/rung & exceptional temp]am5t has l$ him1 & 8 place1 if seem+ly a small] "o1 is at lea/ z sure2 :]ev] m5 occupy !mselves ) ! lit]ature ( ! late n9ete5? c5tury !y w c]ta9ly sometimes talk ab\t ,zola1 sometimes read ,huysmans4 ,zola's cyclopean ar*itecture c only be se5 z a :ole :5 we h complet$ ! we>y task ( inve/igat+ x 9 detail2 9 ,huysmans we seek ! expressiv5ess ( ! page1 ! s5t5ce1 ! ^w4 ,/range z x may seem to "s1 x is ! s-call$ reali/ :o has giv5 u ! m idealis$ r5d]+ ( life2 ! conc5trat$ vision ( ! ideali/ 9 8 own small] sph]e has reveal$ n alone my/]ies ( ! s\l1 b ev5 ! ext]ior secrets ( life4 ,true x is t ,huysmans has pass$ by ) s]5e indiff]5ce1 or else ) contempt1 ! ?+s :i* ?r\gh ! ages we h sl[ly le>nt to c\nt beautiful4 ,b on ! o!r h&1 he has help$ to enl>ge ! sph]e ( our delight by a new vision ( beauty :]e be=e to our eyes !re 0 no beauty1 ex]cis+ ! prop] function ( ! arti/ :o ev] *ooses ! base & despis$ ?+s ( ! _w1 ev5 ! ?+s t are n1 to put to n\ght ! ?+s t are4 ,!re9 ! decad5t has 8 ju/ification4 ,& :ile we may accept ! pione]'s new vision ( beauty1 we are n call$ ^u to reject ^? old famili> visions = :i* he has no eyes1 only because 8 gaze mu/ be fix$ ^u t unfamili> height t[>ds :i* he is lead+ ! m5 :o come aft]4 ,,iv4 ,huysmans v exquisitely repres5ts "o aspect ( ! complex mod]n s\l1 t aspect :i* %r9ks f ! gross] =ces ( ,nature1 f ! b>e simplicity ( ! nak$ sky or ! nak$ body1 ! 8incessant deluge ( human fooli%ness10 ! et]nal oppression ( ! commonplace1 to f9d a s$ative = its exasp]at$ n]ves 9 ! contemplation ( esot]ic beauty & ! difficult se>* = ! my/ic peace :i* passes all und]/&+4 8,ne$s mu/ ,i rejoice beyond ! age10 runs ! motto f ! old ,flemi% my/ic ,ruysbroeck set on ! front ( ,a ,reb\rs1 8?\gh ! _w has horror ( my joy & its grossness _c und]/& :at ,i w\ld say40 ,su* is decad5ce2 su*1 inde$1 is religion1 9 ! wide & true s5se ( ! ^w4 ,*ri/ianity itself1 z we "k x 9 ! we/]n *ur*1 sprang f ! baptism ( "y b>b>ism into ,lat9 decad5ce4 ,pagan art & its cle> s]5ity1 sci5ce1 rationalism1 ! bright1 r\gh vig\r ( ! sun & ! sea1 ! adorable my/]y ( common life & commonplace human love1 are left to make up ! _s t 9 any age we call 8classic40 ,?us :at we call classic corresponds on ! spiritual side to ! love ( natural ?+s1 & :at we call decad5t to ! rese>* = ! ?+s :i* seem to lie beyond ,nature4 8,corporea pul*ritudo 9 pelle solummodo con/at4 ,nam si vid]5t hom9es hoc quod subtus pellem e/1 sicut lynces 9 ,beotia c]n]e int]iore dicuntur1 muli]es vid]e nause>5t4 ,i/e decor 9 flegmate et sangu9e et humore ac felle con/itit40 ,t is ,/4 ,odo ( ,cluny's acute analysis ( woman1 :o = man is ev] ! symbol ( ,nature3 beauty is sk9-deep1 dr[n$ 9 excretions :i* we %\ld sc>cely c>e to t\* ) ! f+]'s tip4 ,& = ! classic vision ( ,nature1 li/5 to t fanta/ic & gigantic ,engli%man1 ,sir ,k5elm ,digby1 ^: ,memoirs1 ^: :ole p]sonality1 embodi$ ! f9al effloresc5ce ( ! pagan ,engli% ,r5aissance4 ,he has be5 admitt$ by h] maids to ! b$*amb] ( ,v5etia ,/anley1 ! fam\s beauty :o aft]w>ds became 8 wife2 %e is /ill sleep+1 & he _c resi/ ! temptation to undress & lie g5tly & rev]5tly beside h]1 z half di/urb$ 9 h] slumb] %e roll$ on to h] side f b5ea? ! clo!s2 8& h] smock 0 s twi/$ ab\t h] fair body t all h] legs & ! be/ "p ( h] ?ighs 7 nak$1 :i* lay s "o ov] ! o!r t !y made a deep %ad[ :]e ! nev]-satisfi$ eyes wi%$ = ! greate/ light4 ,a natural rudd9ess did %9e ?r\gh ! sk91 z ! sunbeams d ?r\gh cry/al or wat]1 & asc]ta9$ him t x 0 fle% t he gaz$ ^u1 :i* yet he dur/ n t\* = fe> ( melt+ x1 s l sn[ x look$4 ,h] belly 0 cov]$ ) h] smock1 :i* x rais$ up ) a g5tle swell+1 & express$ ! p]fect figure ( x ?r\gh ! folds ( t disc\rte\s veil4 ,h] paps 7 l two globes--:]e9 ! glories ( ! heav5 & ! e>? 7 design$1 & ! azure ve9s seem$ to divide con/ellations & k+doms--betwe5 bo? :i* began ! milky way :i* leade? lov]s to _! ,p>adise1 some:at %ad[$ by ! yield+ d[nw>ds ( ! upp]mo/ ( !m z %e lay ^u h] side1 & out ( t d>kness did gli/5 a few drops ( sweat l diamond sp>ks1 & a m fragrant od\r ?an ! violets or primroses1 ^: season 0 ne>ly pass$1 to give way to ! w>m] sun & ! longe/ days40 ,!y play ) ! same c\nt]s1 y obs]ve1 ^! two1 ,odo & ,digby1 ) sk91 sweat1 & s =?1 ea* plac+ ^u !m 8 own values4 ,ideali/s bo? ( !m1 ! "o idealises along ! l9e ( dea?1 ! o!r along ! l9e ( life :i* ! :ole race has foll[$1 & bo? on _! own gr\nds are irrefutable1 ! logic ( life & ! logic ( dea?1 alike solidly f\nd$ 9 ! v /ructure ( ! _w1 ( :i* man is ! measur+-rod4 ,! classic p>ty ( ,nature seems1 inde$1 ! /rong]--9 seem+ only1 & "o recalls t1 ( ! two witnesses j cit$1 ! abbot ( ,cluny 0 ! mo/ v5]at$ man ( 8 age1 :ile no "o tr\bl$ ev5 to publi% ,digby's ,memoirs until our own c5tury--b x c>ries weakness 9 its v /r5g?1 ! weakness ( a great political p>ty =m$ by coalition4 ,x has n alone ideali/s on its side1 b = ! mo/ "p also ! bl9d =ces ( robu/ vulg>ity4 ,s t ! m f9e-/rung spirits are sometimes driv5 to a reaction aga9/ ,nature & rationalism1 l t ( :i* ,huysmans1 f 8,l',extase0 onw>ds1 has be5 ! consi/5t repres5tative4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t su* a reaction has atta9$ a c]ta9 asc5d5cy4 ,*ri/ianity once fitt$ ne>ly e p]son born into ! ,european _w2 !re mu/ ne$s be "s to :om1 9 no mod]n devitalis$ =m b 9 its pure/ ess5ce1 x is /ill ! "o refuge possible4 ,no d\bt conditions h *ang$2 ! v _w itself is n :at x 0 to ! m$ival man4 ,"o has to recognise t ! mod]n ,european diff]s 9 ?is f 8 m$ival ance/or t n[ we "k h[ l>gely ! _w is ( our own mak+4 ,! s5se ( int]iority1 z ! psy*ologi/s say1 is ( mu* lat] developm5t ?an ! s5se ( ext]iority4 ,= ! m$ival man1--z /ill to-day = ! *ild 9 ! d>kness1--8 dreams & 8 fancies1 e organic ?rill 9 eye or e>1 seem$ to be fla%$ on him f a _w ( angels & demons )\t4 ,9 a s5se :i* is sc>cely true to-day ! av]age man ( ^? days--n ! f9] or ! co>s] natures1 x may well be--might be said to be ! victim ( a species ( madness1 a p>anoia1 a sy/ematis$ p]secutional delusion4 ,he c\ld n look s]5ely 9 ! face ( ! />s or lie at re/ among ! fir-cones 9 ! wood1 = :o knew :at ambu% ( ! ,enemy might n lurk beh9d ^! ?+s8 ,ev5 9 fl[]s1 z ,/4 ,cyprian said1 ! ,enemy lay hidd54 8,nil jocundum1 nil amnum1 ,nil salubre1 nil s]5um1 ,nihil dulce1 nihil pl5um40 ,!re 0 only "o spot :]e m5 might huddle toge!r 9 safety--! *ur*4 ,!re ! bless$ s\nd ( ! bells1 ! contact ( holy wat]1 ! smell ( inc5se1 ! sight ( ! ,div9e ,fle%1 wove a spiritual coat ( mail ov] e s5sory av5ue to ! s\l4 ,! w9ds ( hell might rave1 ! birds ( night da% !mselves aga9/ ! lead5 spires ( t =tress :5ce alone ! sky seem$ blue ) hope4 ,huysmans1 not)/&+ a v high degree ( intellectual subtlety1 is by virtue ( 8 special /hetic & imag9ative temp]am5t c>ri$ back to ! m *ildlike attitude ( ?is e>li] age4 ,! :ole univ]se appe>s to him z a process ( liv+ images2 he _c reason 9 ab/ractions1 _c rationalise2 t inde$ is :y he is inevitably an arti/4 ,?us he is a born lead] 9 a c]ta9 mod]n emotional movem5t4 ,t movem5t1 z we "k1 is "o ( a gr\p ( movem5ts n[ peculi>ly active4 ,we see !m on e h&1 occultism1 !osophy1 spiritualism1 all ^? vague =ms on ! bord]l& ( ! unkn[n :i* call to tir$ m5 we>y ( too mu* liv+1 or nev] /rong en\gh to live at all1 to hide _! faces f ! sun ( nature & grope into cool1 delici\s d>kness1 soo?+ ! fev] ( life4 ,x is fooli% to res5t ?is t5d5cy2 x has its rightness2 x suits "s1 :o may well cl+ to _! private dream if life itself is b a dream4 ,at ! wor/ we may rememb] t1 h[ev] repugnant su* movem5ts may be1 to let fall rema9s a bett] way ( putt+ ,satan to flight ?an to ca/ away4 ,& at ! be/ "o %\ld "k t ?is is "p ( ! vital process by :i* ! spiritual _w moves on its axis1 alt]nat+ betwe5 d>kness & light4 ,!re=e soak y\rself 9 my/icism1 foll[ e intoxicat+ pa? to e impossible ,beyond1 be drunk5 ) m$ivalism1 occultism1 spiritualism1 !osophy1 & ev51 if y w1 prote/antism--! cup t *e]s1 possibly1 b surely n inebriates--= ! satisfaction t comes ( all ^! is good :ile x la/s4 ,yet be sure t ,nature is y\r home1 & t f ! f>!/ excursions y w return ! m c]ta9ly to ^? fundam5tal in/9cts :i* are root$ 9 ! zoological s]ies at ! summit ( :i* we /&4 ,= ! :ole spiritual cosmogony f9ally re/s1 n inde$ on a tortoise1 b on ! emotional impulses ( ! mammal v]tebrate :i* con/itute u m54 ,mean:ile we w n grieve because 9 ! c\rse ( our pilgrimage on e>? ! sun sets4 ,x has always ris5 aga94 ,we may light5 ! d>kness ( ! j\rney by admir+ ! beauty ( night1 pluck+ back ! c[l if ne$s mu/ we we> x4--,eia1 fratres1 p]gamus4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #h3 ,x may be ga!r$ f ! ,preface he wrote at a lat] date = ,m4 ,remy de ,g\rmont's delightful volume1 ,le ,lat9 ,my/ique1 t ,huysmans w\ld no long] draw a l9e at ?is po9t2 = he "h speaks ) en?usiasm ( ! /yles ( ,/4 ,b]n>d1 ,/4 ,bonav5ture1 & ,/4 ,?omas d',aqu9as4 ,footnote #i3 ,9 ! sev5te5? c5tury a great ,engli% man ( sci5ce1 ,/eph5 ,hales1 _h discov]$ ! same tru?1 = we are told t 8he c\ld look ev5 ^u wick$ m51 & ^? :o did him unk9d (fices1 )\t any emotion ( p>ticul> indignation1 n f want ( disc]nm5t or s5sibility2 b he us$ to consid] !m only l ^? exp]im5ts :i*1 ^u trial1 he f\nd c\ld nev] be appli$ to any useful purpose1 & :i* he !re=e calmly & dispassionately laid aside40 ,,/4 ,,francis ,,& ,,o!rs4 ,,! religion ( ,jesus 0 ! inv5tion ( a race :i* itself nev] accept$ t religion4 ,9 ! ,ea/ religions spr+ up1 = ! mo/ "p1 z naturally z fl[]s1 &1 l fl[]s1 are sc>cely a matt] = furi\s propag&a4 ,^! deep sagaci\s ,ea/]n m5 ?rew u ( old ?is reject$ fl[]1 z !y h s9ce s5t u ! vases & fans !y f\nd too tawdry2 & :5 we s5d our mission>ies out to b>t] back ! gift at a pr(it1 !y say no ^w1 b _! faces we> ! my/]i\s ,ea/]n smile4 ,yet = u1 at all ev5ts1 ! figure ( ,jesus symbolises1 & w always symbolise1 a special attitude t[>ds life1 made up ( t5d] human sympa?y & my/ical reliance on ! unse5 =ces ( ! _w4 ,9 c]ta9 /ories ( ! ,gospels1 c]ta9 say+s1 9 _m ( ! p>ables1 ?is attitude f9ds ! complete/ expression ( its sweete/ ab&onm5t4 ,b to u1 m5 ( ano!r race liv+ 9 f> di/ant corn]s ( ! _w1 x seems altoge!r ori5tal & ascetic1 a morbid exceptional ph5om5on4 ,& z a matt] ( fact ,jesus f\nd no successor4 ,ov] ! /age ( ^? graci\s & radiant sc5es swiftly fell a fire-pro( curta91 wr\ght ( sy/ematic !ology & =mal metaphysics1 :i* ev5 ! div9e flames ( t wond]ful p]sonality 7 unable to melt4 ,some?+ ev5 /rong] ?an !ology or metaphysics has s]v$ to cut u (f f ! _s ( ,jesus1 & t is ! _s ( ,paul1 c]ta9ly ! real f\nd] ( 8,*ri/ianity10 z we "k x1 = ,j]ome1 ,augu/9e1 ,lu!r1 7 all ! *ildr5 ( ,paul1 & 9 no respect ! *ildr5 ( ,jesus4 ,t m>vell\s little ,jew pa9t$ 9 its ma9 outl9es ! picture ( ,*ri/ianity :i* 9 ! !atre ( ?is _w has = s _m c5turies %ut u (f f ,jesus4 ,impell$ by ! int5se & conc5trat$ en]gy ( 8 twi/$ suff]+ nature1 ,paul br\ght 8moral =ce0 into our we/]n _w1 & aft] x t inf9ite procession ( hypocrisies & cruelties & artificialities :i* /ill tra9s loa?somely across ! sc5e ( civilis$ life4 ,jesus may h be5 a vision>y1 b 8 visions 7 9 div9e h>mony ) ! c\rse ( nature1 ) ! w9e & ! bread ( life1 ) *ildr5 & ) fl[]s4 ,we may be v sure t ,paul nev] consid]$ ! lilies1 or f\nd b5$iction ) *ildr54 ,he trampl$ on nature :5 x came 9 8 way1 & = ! re/ nev] saw x4 ,he 0 n1 z ,fe/us ?\ght1 a madman1 b :e!r or n1 z 8 exp]i5ces seem to indicate1 he 0 a victim to ! 8sacr$ disease0 ( epilepsy1 conc]n+ 8 pr(\ndly neurotic temp]am5t !re c be no mann] ( "q4 ,he flung himself on to m51 ?is t]rible apo/le ( ! 8,g5tiles10 ?ru/+ fai? d[n _! ?roats at ! po9t ( a spiritual sword s fi]y & ke5 t1 by no miracle1 x soon became a sword ( /eel ) r$ blood dripp+ f its po9t4 ,well-nigh ev]y?+ t has ev] be5 evil 9 ,*ri/ianity1 its temporal p[]1 its accurs$ intol]ance1 its contempt = reason1 = beautiful liv+1 = e sweet & sunny & simple aspect ( ! _w--all t is involv$ 9 ! awful conception ( 8moral =ce0--fl[s directly f ,paul4 ,:at et]nal torture c\ld be adequate = s mon/r\s an (f5d]8 ,& yet1 :5 y ?9k ( ! pot5t p]sonality conc5trat$ 9 ?is morbid man1 ( 8 c\rage1 ( ! intol]ance t he wreak$ on himself1 ! fla%es ( div9e insight 9 8 re/less & turbul5t _s1 ( ! humility ( ! neuropa? :o desir$ to be 8altoge!r mad10 ! pa?os ( x all1 indignation falls sil5t4 ,:at c be said8 ,?us ,paul & n ,pet] 0 ! rock on :i* ! ,*ur* 0 built1 & :atev] virtues ! ,*ur* may h possess$ h n be5 ! virtues ( ,jesus b ! q o!r virtues ( ,paul4 ,yet ,jesus has n :olly be5 left )\t witness ev5 9 ,europe1 & x is ! special *>m & significance ( ,francis ( ,assisi t he1 if n alone c]ta9ly *ief among ,european m51 has inc>nat$ "s measure ( ! graci\sness t 0 9 ,jesus1 & made x visible & real to ! ,european _w4 ,& he has done t by no means ?r\gh ! influ5ce ( ! ,*ur*1 or by imitation1 b by :olly natural & spontane\s impulse4 ,to und]/& ,francis we mu/ fir/ ( all realise t he 0 9 no s5se & at no "t ! creature ( ! ,*ur*1 be+ inde$ f fir/ to la/ 9 a v real s5se antagoni/ic to ! ,*ur*4 ,! :ole _w z ,francis knew x 0 ,*ri/ian1 & he 0 by no means a man ( inquisitive analytic intellectual type1 a ,bruno or a ,campanella2 he accept$ ,*ri/ianity because x 0 !re1 & :ile rema9+ 9 x 0 nev] ( x1 res5t+ fi]cely any attempt ( ! ,*ur* to encroa* on ! free activity ( 8 p]sonality1 disp5s+ himself ( any intimate adh]5ce n by intellectual sophi/ries1 b by lightly bru%+ away sci5ce & !ology altoge!r z useless sup]fluities4 ,an acute psy*ologi/ has well rem>k$ t ^? fam\s hi/orical p]sons :o h pass$ ?r\gh two anti!tical phases ( "*1 survive = u usually only 9 "o ( ^? phases1 t we c rememb] only ! po/-conv]sion ,augu/9e & ! pre-abdication ,diocletian4 ,su* "o-sid$ views ( great & complex *>act]s suit our r\gh & lazy me?ods ( ord9>y ?\ght1 cont5t to reg>d a man only on t side :i* has be5 mo/ prom95tly display$ to ! _w4 ,b su* me?ods are fatal to any cle> psy*ological conception ( "* or to any s\nd e?ical conception ( life4 ,francis liv$ "o ( ^! d\ble-sid$ lives1 & ! ,francis we rememb] is ! emaciat$ sa9t already develop+ ! /igmata ( div9e grace4 ,9 8 e>li] biographies we cat* glimpses ( a y\ng] & q o!r ,francis1 9 vanitatibus nutritus insol5t]1 ! sp5d?rift companion ( nobles1 pr\d to surpass !m 9 y\?ful extravagance & dissipation1 ! head ( a b& :i* dazzl$ ! citiz5s ( ,assisi ) ! luxury ( _! ri* g>m5ts & ! s\nd ( _! fe/ive songs by night1 a passionate lov] ( *ivalry & ! tr\bad\rs1 ^: music !n fill$ ! air1 s full ( gaiety t he sometimes seem$ almo/ mad to ! grave citiz5s ( 8 t[n1 "o ^: nature x 0 f ! fir/ to g to excess1 always to a f9e & g5]\s excess1 t spiritual excess :i* ,blake call$ ! road to ! palace ( wisdom4 ,! lat] ,francis surviv$2 ! e>ly ,francis is =gott54 ,b we may be assur$ t !re w\ld h be5 no ,francis ! sa9t if !re _h n be5 ,francis ! s9n]4 ,t grace & elation1 ! t5d] humanity & inf9ite delight 9 natural ?+s1 ev5 ! pr(\nd contempt = luxury & sup]fluity1 7 n le>nt 9 any ( ! sa9t's belov$ ,umbrian cells2 !y 7 ! f9al outcome ( a beautifully free & excessive life act+ on an exquisitely f9e-/rung organism4 ,r>ely has any foll[] ( ,francis atta9$ 9 any measure to 8 level ( exalt$ fre$om1 joy1 & simplicity 9 sa9tl9ess4 ,x 0 n alone t !y c\ld n possess 8 organism1 b !y _h n liv$ 8 life4 ,_! piety ev5 bl9d$ _! eyes1 & j z ! biograph]s ( ,jesus omitt$ all ref]5ce to ! =mative ye>s ( 8 life1 s also ! biograph]s ( ,francis gradually elim9at$ ! e>ly records1 t]rifi$ at ! ?\ght t _! f\nd] may n h be5 a virg94 ,we d n w9 any cle> psy*ological insight into ! man until we realise ?is4 ,x is n alone ! psy*ological aspect :i* becomes cle> 9 ! light ( ,francis's e>ly life4 ,^! /ages ( developm5t h _! e?ical significance also4 ,x seems to be too (t5 =gott5 t repression & lic5ce are two sides ( ! same fact4 ,we c only atta9 a f9e temp]ance ?r\gh a f9e fre$om1 ev5 a f9e excess4 ,! wom5 :o ?9k t !y mu/ at all co/s repress !mselves1 & ! m5 :o--usually ) ! help ( c]ta9 private 8accommodem5ts0--consid] repression z ! prop] ideal1 h miss$ ! true safegu>ds aga9/ lic5ce1 & fl\nd] = ev] 9 a turbid sea1 at w> ) !mselves1 at w> ) nature4 ,! sa9ts knew bett]4 ,by a process ( spiritual ,pa/eurism1 a natural & spontane\s process1 !y gu>ante$ _! et]nal peace4 ,all ! real sa9ts1 s f> z we "k !m1 _h _m phases1 su* ( !m z 7 sa9ts f _! mo!rs' wombs possess+ a significance :i* = human be+s g5]ally is m9imal4 ,! real sa9ts 9 all ages h =gott5 s _m beautiful ?+s1 /or+ s _m wond]ful exp]i5ces 9 _! pa/4 ,we %\ld n dye our clo!s1 says ,/4 ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria1 our life %\ld n[ be any?+ b a pageant4 ,fl[]-l g>m5ts %\ld be ab&on$1 & ,bac*ic revelries1 8useful = trag$ies1 n = life40 ,! dyes ( ,s>dis--olive1 gre51 rose-col\r$1 sc>let1 & t5 ?\s& o!r hues--inv5t$ = voluptu\sness1 ! g>m5ts ( embroid]$ gold & purple1 dipp$ 9 p]fume1 /a9$ 9 saffron1 ! bright diaphan\s tissues ( ! danc+ girl--to all ^! we mu/ bid f>ewell4 ,b we _c bid !m f>ewell unless we h kn[n !m4 ,if y w\ld be a sa9t y mu/ beg9 by be+ some?+ o!r ?an a sa9t4 ,?is x 0 t ,/4 ,clem5t =got1 or nev] knew4 ,9 y\? we are s full ( en]gy1 & life seems s long4 ,9 our e?ical f]v\r we accept ,clem5t's !ory ( conduct at 8 own valuation4 ,"o is s scrupul\s ( o!rs1 s anxi\s le/ he hurt !m2 & ano!r is s contemptu\s ( o!rs1 s eag] to hold himself back f all b ! highe/ good1 & nev] to let himself fully g4 ,& !re is a f9e ?rill ( pleasure 9 ! self-re/ra9t1 an a?letic t5sion ( ! s\l4 ,x is z if ! infant at ! brea/ %\ld say1 ,i w hold myself back f suck+2 ,i w take only j ev] s little1 & n let myself g & draw 9 ! delici\s /ream ) no aft]-?\ght2 !re w be "t = t :5 ,i am gr[n up4 ,b x is n s4 ,!re is only "o "t 9 life = milk1 only "o "t = y\?2 we _c po/pone life or retrace its mile/ones1 & :at is once lo/ is lo/ = ev]4 ,! cold wat]s ( self-re/ra9t & self-d5ial1 z we fir/ put our "y feet 9 !m1 s5d a tonic %iv] along ! n]ves1 & we g on & on4 ,b sudd5ly we f9d t ! wat] has ris5 to our brea/s1 to our *9s1 t x is too late1 too late1 t we %all nev] aga9 move & brea! freely 9 ! op5 air & sun%9e4 ,t is ! fate t ov]takes ! "y ascetic ideal4 ,unhappi] yet are ^? :o snat* ! cup ( life s ha/ily 9 y\? & fill x ) su* muddy wat]s t ! dregs cl+ to _! lips = ev]1 spoil+ ! ta/e ( ! mo/ exquisite ?+s4 ,to live rema9s an art1 an art :i* e "o mu/ le>n1 & :i* no "o c tea*4 ,x may seem t ,i speak ( out-worn ?+s1 & t ! problem ( sa9tl9ess has little relation to ! moral problems ( our "t4 ,x is f> o!rwise4 ,y h nev] se5 ! _w if y h n realis$ t an elem5t ( asceticism lies at ! f\ndation ( life4 ,y may expel x ) ! =k ( reason or ( self-enjoym5t1 b be+ "p ( ,nature h]self x mu/ ev] return4 ,all ! art ( liv+ lies 9 a f9e m+l+ ( lett+ g & hold+ 94 ,! man :o makes ! "o or ! o!r 8 exclusive aim 9 life w die be=e he has ev] begun to live4 ,! man :o has c>ri$ "o "p ( ! process to excess be=e turn+ to ! o!r w inde$ le>n :at life is1 & may leave beh9d him ! memory ( a patt]n sa9t4 ,b he alone is ! wise ma/] ( liv+ :o f fir/ to la/ has held ! d\ble ideal 9 true hon\r4 ,9 ^!1 z 9 o!r matt]s1 we _c "k ! spiritual facts unless we realise ! physical facts ( life4 ,all life is a build+ up & a break+ d[n1 a tak+ 9 & a giv+ out1 a p]petually anabolic & katabolic rhy?m4 ,to live rightly we mu/ imitate bo? ! luxury ( ,nature & h] au/]ity4 ,:at %\ld be ! place ( asceticism 9 mod]n life8 ,evid5tly !re is 9 human nature an in/9ct :i* craves = ! %>p5+ ( enjoym5t :i* comes f simplicity & a f9ely-temp]$ ab/95ce1 a measur$ draw+ back :5 also x 7 possible recklessly to let g4 ,x is easy to wave aside religi\s asceticism4 ,t1 x seems1 may well be left to ^? :o decide to inve/ _! enjoym5ts 9 a heav5ly bank :i* w pay l>ge divid5ds 9 ano!r _w4 ,!re /ill rema9s ! rational asceticism t is sweet ei!r = its own sake1 or = its imm$iate & visible results 9 human joy4 ,:5 we contemplate ! mod]n _w f a broadly biological /&po9t1 !re c be b little difficulty 9 f9d+ free & :olesome scope = ! ascetic in/9ct4 ,= ! ,*ri/ian or ,buddhi/ ascetic ( old 7z 9 "s measure = 8 feeble mod]n imitator1 ! !osophi/7 asceticism 0 a raptur\s indiff]5ce to life = ! sake ( some?+ t seem$ m ?an life1 some?+ t 0 itself a 8high] life10 & only to be a*iev$ 9 ! tread+ "u foot ( all t m5 c\nt$ life4 ,su* conceptions belong to ! pa/1 & c only be revivifi$ 9 ! fail+ imag9ations ( ! we>y & ! ag$ :o belong to ! pa/4 ,! m subtle & complex conception ( life :i* has gr[n up 9 ! mod]n _w traces life to its roots & f9ds x mo/ preci\s :]e x is mo/ int5se4 ,:5 we wi% to c>ve out a _w = ourselves x is ! p]iph]y :i* we cut away & n ! core4 ,! imm5se accretions ( t p]iph]y 9 ! mod]n _w make cle>] to u ?an x 0 to our pr$ecessors t x is 9 ! simple & elem5t>y ?+s t our life consi/s4 ,x is to ! hon\r ( ,francis t 9 a vague1 imp]fect way he =esaw ?is4 ,aid$ by 8 e>ly exp]i5ces1 he ca/ aside ! sup]fluities ( k & lab\r & skill--all t va9 ple?ora ( m]e =mal ?+s & prescrib$ acts :i* m5 fooli%ly c\nt life--& symbolis+ !m 9 weal?1 joyfully esp\s$ ,pov]ty z a bride4 ,= pov]ty to ,francis meant contact ) ,nature & ) m54 ,! free play ( ! individual s\l 9 contact ) ,nature & m51 ,francis in/9ctively felt1 is joy & lib]ation2 & if ! simple-m9d$ sa9t w5t f>!r ?an ?is1 & all[$ a c]ta9 set ( dogmatic op9ions & conv5tional ab/5tions1 we may be sure t h]e9 he _h no w>rant ( p]sonal inspiration1 b 0 cont5t to foll[ ! well-nigh unque/ion$ traditions ( 8 day4 ,francis f\ght1 n = ,*ri/ianity & /ill less = ! ,*ur*1 b = ! great secret ( f9e liv+ :i* he _h p]sonally div9$4 ,x 0 by a true in/9ct t 8 mod]n biograph] f9ds ! motto ( 8 life 9 ! exquisite say+ ( ! sa9t's great precursor1 ,joa*im ( ,flora1 t ! true ascetic c\nts no?+ 8 own1 save only 8 h>p3 8,qui v]e mona*us e/ nihil reputat esse suum nisi ci?>am40 ,9 =m] days we us$ to reg>d ! civilis$ man z 9 "s way incorporat+ 9 8 organism & br++ into ! _w ) him ! inh]itance ( ! ages ( human culture4 ,n[ ! t5d5cy is to reg>d civilisation z a gr[? totally outside man1 & to consid] ! man himself z a savage :o m]ely adapts himself to civilisation z he gr[s up1 br++1 x may be1 8 own little contribution to its developm5t1 b himself rema9+ practically a savage4 ,?us ,weismann has argu$ t ! developm5t ( music is purely a developm5t ( traditions1 & t giv5 ! traditions any savage has a *ance ( becom+ a ,ba* or a ,bee?ov54 ,i ?9k ?is is a m extreme view ?an ! facts w>rant u 9 tak+4 ,b x is fairly obvi\s t !re has be5 no gr[? ( ! human intellect dur+ at lea/ ! la/ two or ?ree ?\s& ye>s4 ,we _c beat ! ,romans at gov]nm5t2 we _c express passion bett] ?an ,sappho1 or =m bett] ?an ,phidias4 ,we h produc$ no m truly sci5tific physicians ?an ,hippocrates or ,gal52 we _c map out ! _w m philosophically ?an ,ari/otle1 nor play at ball ) x ) a great] dialectical facility ?an ,plato4 ,:at we h done is to burd5 ourselves ) a va/] mass ( tradition4 ,civilisation is ! g>m5t :i* man makes to clo! himself )4 ,x is = ea* ( u to help to put 9 a pat* "h1 to sew on a button !re1 or to "w 9 m embroid]y4 ,b ! individual himself1 ) 8 own p]sonal organic passions1 nev] becomes "p ( ! g>m5t1 he only we>s x4 ,n1 inde$1 t we are call$ ^u to refuse to we> x4 ,! p]son :o c s refuse to foll[ ! :ole tradition ( ! race :5ce he spr+s is organically abnormal1 n to say morbid4 ,8 fell[s h a fair "r to call him a lunatic or a crim9al4 ,! real "q is :e!r we %all all[ ourselves to be cru%$ to ! e>?1 lame1 impot5t1 & anmic1 by ! m]e g>m5t ( civilisation1 or :e!r we %all s /rive to live t we we> x loosely & easily & a?letically1 recognis+ t x is inf9itely less preci\s ?an ! humanity x clo!s1 /ill n )\t its beauty & its use4 ,if we wi% to realise h[ _m ?+s are n requir$ = f9e liv+ we may contemplate ! 8triumphs ( ! ,victorian era40 ,contemplat+ ^! we are enabl$ also to see t !y mo/ly belong to ! me*anical side ( exi/5ce1 among ! ?+s t are remote f ! core ( life4 ,! new en]gy t all ^! inv5tions may give y on "o side !y take f y on ! o!r4 ,!y run on ! en]gy t y y\rself supply4 ,!y are b devices = burd5+ y\r progress & dra9+ away y\r en]gy4 ,= :at does x avail ?\gh tons ( food are pil$ be=e y at ! banquet ( life if ! capacity ( y\r /oma* rema9s /rictly limit$8 ,only ! m exquisite quality ( ! banquet1 ) a f9] equity 9 its di/ribution1 c\ld h br\ght y new joy & /r5g?4 ,! exquisite ?+s ( life are to-day z r>e & z preci\s z ev] !y 74 ,if ! ,victorian era _h giv5 a ke5] sauce to hung]1 a m ravi%+ delight to love1 if x _h add$ a new joy to ! sunlight1 or a m delici\s ?rill to ! spr+time1 if x _h made any ( ^! ?+s a l>g] "p ( ! common life1 !re inde$ 7 a triumph to boa/ (6 ,b s f> z "o c see1 ! ,victorian era has mo/ly help$ to cov] ov] & pu% away f m5 ! ess5tial joys ( liv+4 ,ev5 ^? :o prate s gleefully ( its triumphs f9d *ief ( ^! its n>cotics4 ,let u use ^! 8triumphs0 z mu* z we w1 !y belong to ! uness5tial backgr\nd aga9/ :i* ! real drama ( our life mu/ /ill be play$4 ,we wa/e s mu* ( our "t on ! ?+s t are n truly ess5tial1 worry+ ourselves & o!rs4 ,only "o ?+ is really ne$ful1 :e!r ) ?is man we say 8,seek fir/ ! k+dom ( ,heav510 or ) t1 8,make to y\rself a p]fect body40 ,x matt]s little1 because he :o po9t$ to ! k+dom ( ,heav5 came eat+ & dr9k+1 ! fri5d ( publicans & s9n]s1 & he :o po9t$ to ! body s\ght solitude & ! ke5e/ spiritual au/]ity4 ,! body includes ! s\l1 & ! k+dom ( ,heav5 includes ! body4 ,! "o ?+ ne$ful is to seek wisely ! fulle/ organic satisfaction4 ,! m closely we cl+ to t :i* satisfies ! deepe/ crav+s ( ! organism1 ! m gladly we %all let fall ! intol]able burd5 ( re/ra9ts & lic5ces :i* are n requir$ = f9e liv+4 8,! true ascetic c\nts no?+ 8 own save only 8 h>p40 ,x is be/ to feel light & elate1 free 9 e limb4 ,e man may h 8 burd5 to be>2 let him only bew>e t he be>s no burd5 :i* is n a joy to c>ry4 ,if a man _c s+ z he c>ries 8 cross he _h bett] drop x4 ,"o has to admit t among ,engli%-speak+ races at all ev5ts ! conditions h n be5 fav\rable = f9e liv+4 ,! racial elem5ts t h *iefly gone to mak+ ! ,engli%-speak+ peoples h be5 ma9ly *>act]is$ by en]gy1 & :ile en]gy is ! prime con/itu5t ( liv+1 x is sc>cely suffici5t = f9e liv+4 ,x is quality r ?an quantity ( life :i* f9ally c\nts3 t is ! t]rible fact x has tak5 s long = our race to le>n4 ,to pl\gh deep 9 ! furr[s ( life1 to scatt] human se$ broadca/1 to br+ to bir? y\r r&om millions to wilt & fade 9 ! black fog ( ,london alleys or ! hot /eam ( ,lanca%ire mills1 ca/+ abroad ! residue to wreak ! v5geance 9 _! blood on e fair & unspoilt l& ! _w may hold--t is sc>cely yet civilisation2 fi%es t spawn 9 ! deep h c>ri$ ! art ( liv+ z f> z t4 ,n en]gy1 ev5 :5 x %[s itself 9 ! bl9d fury ( righte\sness1 suffices to make civilisation1 b s9c]ity1 intellig5ce1 sympa?y1 grace1 & all ^? subtle am5ities :i* g to :at we call1 p]haps imp]fectly en\gh1 humanity--!re9 m truly lie ! virtues ( f9e liv+4 ,x seems n unnecess>y to po9t out t civilisation 0 immortal long be=e ! fir/ ,engli%man 0 born4 ,! races t h giv5 ! _w ! *ief examples ( f9e liv+ h nev]1 save sometimes 9 _! decay1 s\ght quantity r ?an quality ( life4 ,"s ( ! _w's mo/ et]nal cities are its smalle/ cities4 ,if inde$ ! reckless excess ( human life t5d$ to produce happ9ess1 we might well recognise comp5sation1 & re/ cont5t4 ,b1 z we "k1 t is n s4 ,! c\ntry t m5 call ! weal?ie/ is ! poore/ 9 humanity :5 ! lives & safeties ( its work]s are conc]n$1 ! law ( our righte\sness dem&+ t ! weake/ %all g to ! wall4 ,"o asks oneself if su* a condition ( ?+s is fatally necess>y4 ,if t 7 s1 !n inde$ ! outlook ( ! _w is d>k4 ,if ! ideal ( quantity be=e quality1 ( brute en]gy1 ( complac5t self-righte\sness1 is = ev] to dom9ate a l>ge "p ( ! _w ?r\gh ! ,engli%-speak+ peoples1 !n inde$ we may die happy t ! memory & ! vision ( bett] ?+s 7 yet extant 9 our "t4 ,yet surely x is n necess>y4 ,if civilisation is a tradition !n we may m\ld t tradition4 ,we are no long] fatally damn$ into ! _w4 ,if our fa!rs ate s\r grapes our tee? are n on edge4 ,& ev5 s f> z ! influ5ce ( race c\nts1 !re is yet to be set aga9/ x ! influ5ce ( climate4 ,9 sunni] ,engli%-speak+ l&s we may already trace a new =eign elem5t ( grace & suavity1 a deep] insight into ! art ( liv+1 cle>ly due 9 l>ge measure to sky alone4 ,:5 races *ange _! sky1 unlike individuals1 !y *ange _! dispositions also4 ,b if we put aside ?is factor--?\gh x is "o ( mu* significance :5 we recall ! accumulat+ evid5ce t "u prop] conditions ! :ite races c live & fl\ri% 9 hot climes--are !re no reasons = ?9k+ t ev5 ! ,engli% 9 ,engl& may acquire ^? aptitudes :i* make n only = ! gross] virtues ( civilisation1 b also = ^? f9] qualities :i* alone make life truly wor? liv+8 ,i ?9k !re are4 ,x is common = pessimi/s ( ! bas] sort to lam5t ! relative decay ( ,engli% supremacy 9 manufactur+ & comm]cial en]gy1 & to look envi\sly at ! developm5t 9 ^! directions ( o!r & y\ng] l&s4 ,su* an attitude is 9 any case inhuman1 s9ce ^! y\ng] c\ntries1 especially ,g]many1 are und]tak+ ! crud] tasks ( civilisation 9 at once a m sci5tific & a m humane _s ?an we h ev] be5 able to a*ieve4 ,b x is also uncall$ =4 ,z a civilisation decl9es 9 brutal mat]ial en]gy x ga9s 9 spiritual ref9em5t1 ?us w9n+ m subtle & p]man5t influ5ce4 ,egypt 9 h] old age help$ to m\ld "y ,greece1 :i* 9 turn z %e fell civilis$ h] b>b>ian ,roman conqu]ors4 ,( e>ly vigor\s ,rome no?+ rema9s save ! empty e*o ( h]oic virtue2 b on ! magnific5t compo/ ( ,roman1 ,alex&rian1 & ,byzant9e decay we nor!rn]s are fl\ri%+ ev5 to-day4 ,france has n tak5 a lead+ "p 9 ! gross] "w ( mod]n civilisation1 b h] laboratories ( ideas1 h] work%ops ( beauty1 above all h] skill 9 ! f9e art ( liv+1 h giv5 h] an influ5ce ov] m5's m9ds :i* sw>m+ millions ( pale factory h&s & an inconceivable tonnage ( m]cantile %ipp+ h n s f> giv5 to u4 ,b 9 ! v dy+ d[n ( ^! gross] en]gies !re is hope1 = we may be sure t ! =ces ( life are n yet ext9ct1 & t wor?i] & subtl] ends w float be=e our eyes z ! scull]ies & ou?\se (fices ( life are gradually remov$ else:]e4 ,engl&1 !re c be little d\bt1 is peculi>ly fitt$ to ex]cise ! f9] functions ( civilisation1 if n inde$ = ! _w g5]ally1 at all ev5ts = ^? peoples ( ! globe :i* are alli$ to h] :olly by language & l>gely by race4 ,9 new c\ntries1 9 ! hurry ( cities1 9 ! b>r5 solitude ( pla9s & hills1 m5 h no "t or no *ance to elaborate ! ideals & visions = :i* !y yet ?ir/2 !y are n 9 t\* ) ^? great traditions on :i* alone all wor?y & abid+ ef=t mu/ f9ally re/4 ,! little gr\p ( isl&s hidd5 9 ?is f> corn] ( ! ,atlantic1 ba!d 9 _! ev]la/+ halo ( iridesc5t mi/1 w be a sacr$ %r9e = fully half ! _w4 ,x 0 ! womb 9 :i* ! _w's mo/ en]getic race 0 elaborat$2 we may be sure t ! "m feel+ w nev] die out4 ,e great "n & episode 9 ! sl[ incubation ( ! race has its place & association !re4 ,no?+ !re :i* is n visibly ba!d 9 t glory :i* = ev] t\*es u 9 ! f> pa/4 ,9 ! light ( a new] civilisation e aspect ( x w claim ! picturesque beauty ( ! pa/4 ,& if1 z ,ribot has lately ass]t$1 ! factories ( ?is c5tury w haunt ! m9ds ( future m5 ) ! same picturesque sugge/ion z ! ru9s ( ?irte5? c5tury abbeys to-day haunt u1 h[ ri* a treasure ,engl& w possess "h6 ,m5 w come f af> to w&] among ! ru9$ factories & furnaces ( ,lanca%ire & ! ,midl&s1 to gaze at ! crumbl+ *>m ( ^? /ructures once mort>$ by te>s & blood4 ,!y w seek ! massive :irr ( vani%$ mills at dawn1 ! prolong$ clatt] ( clogs along ! pavem5t1 ! flutt] ( %awls d[n d>k alleys1 ! e*o ( brutal =gott5 oa?s4 ,_! eyes w va9ly try to recall ! m5 & wom5 ( ! ,victorian era1 huddl$ toge!r 9 pa!tic self-satisfaction b5ea? a black pall ( smoke & disease & dea?1 play+ out ! trag$y !y call$ life4 ,a t5d] melan*oly mighti] ?an beauty w cl+ to ! decay ( t vani%$ pa/4 ,s f> we h be5 develop+ ! mod]n applications ( t _s ( simplicity--( s9c]e & natural asceticism--:i* 0 a *ief "p ( ! secret ( ! ,umbrian sa9t's *>m4 ,francis--z 9 an e>li] age ! great ,cynics ( ,greece1 & 9 a lat] age ! ,new ,engl& transc5d5tali/s--enables u to see t asceticism is a natural in/9ct2 he knew t s f> f be+ an ef=t to cru% ! body x 0 an ef=t to give elation & fre$om to ! body--,gaude1 frat] corpus6--& t s f> f be+ an appeal to sorr[ x 0 a p]petual appeal to joy4 ,let u ?r[ aside ! useless burd5s ( life1 he seems to say1 ! ?+s t oppress body & m9d1--c>e & weal? & le>n+ & books1--t ?us we may become free to conc5trate ourselves on ! natural ?+s ( ! _w1 atta9+ !re9 ! joy ( liv+4 ,t 0 ! simplicity ( ,francis4 ,!re is ano!r vagu] & subtl] aspect ( 8 p]sonality :i* may be express$ by ! alli$ ^w purity4 ,i mean t cle>ness & p]fect cry/all9e transp>5cy symbolis$ by wat]1 9 :i* x has its s\rce4 ,t ,francis1 ) all 8 f9e natural in/9cts1 fully realis$ all ! implications ( purity1 ei!r on its physical or its spiritual sides1 "o may well d\bt4 ,purity has nev] be5 a great ,*ri/ian virtue1 ?\gh ev] greatly talk$ ab\t 9 ,*ri/5dom2 & :ile ! reliance ( ,francis on in/9ct c>ri$ him f> beyond ! age & ! fai? 9 :i* he liv$1 8 indiff]5ce to ! intellectual grip ( ?+s :i* 0 "p ( t natural in/9ct caus$ him to be (t5 sway$ by ! conv5tions & traditions ar\nd him4 ,x has be5 well said t purity--:i* 9 ! la/ analysis is physical cleanness--is ! f9al result ( evolution aft] :i* ,nature is ev] /riv+4 ,:5 %e _h atta9$ to ! production ( nak$ savage man1 a creature no long] encumb]$ ) ! c>e ( 8 fur b freely & con/antly ba!d by ! elem5ts1 ! p]fection ( purity 0 atta9$4 ,) ! we>+ ( clo!s dirt 0 aga9 br\ght into ! _w2 & s-call$ civilis$ man--except :5 he possesses leisure = prolong$ att5tion to 8 p]son & 8 clo!s--is once m br\ght to ! level ( ! l[] animals1 inde$ bel[ !m1 = few animals sp5d s little "t & tr\ble 9 atta9+ cleanl9ess z g>m5t$ man4 ,pagan classic times1 no d\bt1 *]i%$ a cult ( ! body :i* involv$ a high reg>d = physical purity4 ,t is ! v reason :y su* purity has nev] be5 a ,*ri/ian or mod]n virtue4 ,! e>ly ,*ur*1 feel+ pr(\nd antagonism to ! vices :i* 9 classic times 7 associat$ ) ! ba?1 f ! outset frequ5tly d5i$ t !re 0 any ne$ = cleanl9ess at all4 ,ev5 s cultur$ a ,*ri/ian z ,clem5t ( ,alex&ria w\ld only admit t wom5 %\ld be clean2 x 0 n necess>y = m52 8! ba? is to be tak5 by wom5 = cleanl9ess & heal?1 by m5 = heal? alone20 9 lat] days ! hatr$ ( cleanl9ess (t5 became q :ole-he>t$4 ,?us x happ5s t ?r\gh\t ,europe & :]ev] ! influ5ce ( ,*ri/ianity has spread !re has be5 on ! :ole an indiff]5ce to dirt1 :i* is inde$ n uncommonly f\nd among degrad$ peoples unt\*$ by ,*ri/ianity1 b is c]ta9ly n[h]e else f\nd 9 association ) a grade ( culture 9 mo/ o!r matt]s s high4 ,to ! ,roman ! rites ( ! ba? =m$ "o ( ! v *ief occupations ( life1 & to ?is race x has happ5$1 z probably to no o!r anci5t race1 t _! ba?s h (t5 surviv$ _! temples2 ,rome holds no m memorable relic ?an ! ,ba?s ( ,c>acalla4 ,= ! ,mohamm$an ! love ( wat] is "p ( religion1 & ! en]gy & skill ) :i* 9 its prime ,islamic civilisation exploit$ ! free & beautiful use ( wat]1 are /ill to be trac$ ?r\gh\t s\!rn ,spa94 ,9 ! f9e civilisation ( ,japan1 aga91 ! pursuit ( physical purity has ev] be5 a simple & una%am$ public duty1 & 8a ,japanese cr[d10 says ,pr(essor ,*amb]la91 8is ! sweete/ 9 ! _w40 ,h[ diff]5t ?+s are 9 ,*ri/5dom "o ne$ n insi/4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 impossible to ov]rate ! magnitude ( ! issues :i* are directly & indirectly enfold$ 9 ?is "q ( physical purity4 ,*ri/ianity1 ) its /udi$ indiff]5ce to cleanl9ess1 is1 aft] all1 a =ce f ! outside s f> z we are conc]n$2 e spontane\s reflective movem5t ( progress involves a reaction aga9/ x4 ,on ! physical side x is ! m>k ( ! bett] social classes t !y are clean1 & any /riv+ = bett]m5t among ! masses is on ! physical side a /riv+ = great] cleanl9ess4 ,p]sonal dirt9ess is ! real & p]man5t divid+ l9e ( classes4 ,! in/9ctive physical %r9k+ ( ! clean p]son f ! dirty p]son--except at ! r>e mom5ts :5 "s /rong] emotion comes into play--is pr(\nd & inevitable4 ,ne>ly e =m ( hone/ natural vulg>ity x is possible to f9d tol]able & sometimes ev5 *>m+1 b p]sonal physical un:olesom5ess rema9s an impossible b>ri]4 ,!re is no social equality betwe5 ! clean & ! dirty4 ,! "q ( physical purity lies at ! root ( ! real democratic problem4 ,our attitude t[>ds physical purity inevitably det]m9es our attitude t[>ds ! body g5]ally4 ,)\t ! ideal ( cleanl9ess ! body becomes impure4 ,x _c be %[n4 ,complete concealm5t becomes ! ideal ( ! impure4 ,& h[ev] pure & excell5t ! body may actually be among ourselves1 ! traditions ( ! pa/ rema94 ,! ,greeks consid]$ ! dislike to nak$ness z a m>k ( ,p]sian & o!r b>b>ians2 ! ,japanese--! ,greeks ( ano!r age & clime--_h n conceiv$ ! reasons = avoid+ nak$ness until taught by ! lu/ful & %ame-fac$ eyes ( we/]n b>b>ians4 ,among ourselves x is 8disgu/+0 ev5 to-day to %[ s mu* z ! foot4#aj ,we c]ta9ly c\ld n imitate ,/4 ,francis1 :o broke ) 8 old life by ab&on+ 8 fa!r's h\se & all t he own$1 absolutely nak$4 ,!re is no real l9e ( dem>cation betwe5 physical purity & spiritual purity1 & ! spiritual impurity :i* m>ks our civilisation is c]ta9ly relat$ to ! physical impurity :i* has s long be5 a tradition ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,bo? alike are a consci\sness ( uncleanness involv+ a cloak ( hypocrisy4 ,we may well recall t s9c]ity1 if we c>ry its hi/ory suffici5tly f> back1 is "o ) physical purity4 ,9 "s di/ricts ( ,italy a girl %[s t %e is *a/e by jo9+ 9 a c]ta9 procession & be>+ ! symbols ( purity 9 h] h&4 ,at all ev5ts s x 0 once4 ,all wom5 n[ walk 9 ! procession ( ! *a/e4 ,9 civilis$ mod]n life ev]y:]e1 inde$1 we all walk 9 t procession1 & bright lu/ful eyes m+l$ ) fa9t />v$ eyes bo? look out incongru\sly f beh9d ! same monoton\sly *a/e masks4 ,we h =gott51 if we ev] knew1 t ! fil?y rags ( our righte\sness h alike robb$ desire ( its purity & re/ra9t ( its beauty4 ,h[ f> ,francis _h in/9ctively div9$ ! mean+ & significance ( purity1 ei!r on ! physical or ! moral side1 x w\ld be idle to attempt to inquire too precisely4 ,b ?is delicate & admirable sa9t br+s u into an atmosph]e 9 :i* ! true grace ( purity may at lea/ be disc]n$4 ,8 indiff]5ce to nak$ness1 8 affection = animals & int]e/ 9 _! loves1 8 audaci\s b&+ toge!r ( m5 & wom5 9 "o ord]1 8 gospel ( joy & 8 ev]la/+ delight 9 all natural & elem5t>y ?+s1 make up a :ole inconceivably diff]5t f t vision ( ! _w :i* ! great m$ival monks1 f ,/4 ,b]n>d d[nw>ds1 sp5t _! lives 9 ma9ta9+4 ,he br+s u to a po9t at :i* we are enabl$ to g beyond 8 own insight1 a po9t at :i* we may n only see t asceticism is a simple & natural in/9ct1 n alone recognise ! beauty ( sex 9 fl[]s & birds1 b 9 human creatures also1 & le>n at la/ t ! f9e/ secrets ( purity are kn[n only to ! man & woman :o h m+l$ ! sc5t ( _! sweat ) ! wild ?yme4 ,at ! pres5t mom5t x may inde$ be said t ! purity :i* is "o ) s9c]ity pres5ts itself to u m broadly & m cle>ly 9 ! road ( our evolution ?an x ev] has be=e4 ,ev5 on ! physical side secrecy is becom+ impossible1 & z ! progress ( physical sci5ce makes matt] m & m transp>5t to our eyes1 s9c]ity mu/ ev] become a m /r+5t & inevitable virtue4 ,& on ! psy*ic side1 also1 purity--if y w1 s9c]ity--is ev5 m surely impos+ itself4 ,)9 our own "t we h be5 privileg$ to see psy*ology tak5 f ! /udy into ! laboratory & into ! m>ket-place4 ,!re is no recess ( ! s\l--h[ev] intimate1 h[ev]1 z we h be5 taught to ?9k1 disgu/+--t is n n[ op5$ to ! *ildlike1 all-scrut9is+ curiosity ( sci5ce4 ,we may p]haps rebel1 b s x is4 ,!re are no my/]ies left1 no noisome abysses ( ignorance veil$ by ! pretty mi/s ( innoc5ce4 ,9 ! face ( ?is t5d5cy private vice mu/ ev] become m difficult2 we are le>n+ to detect ! :ole man 9 ! slighte/ quiv] ( 8 muscles4 ,?us1 aga91 purity becomes yet m /r+5t & inevitable4 ,we gaze at all facts n[1 & f9d none too mean or too sacr$ = /udy4 ,b x is fatal to gaze at c]ta9 facts if y _c gaze purely4 ,9 t lies ! f9al triumph ( purity4 ,we may rebel1 ,i repeat1 b s x is1 s x mu/ rema94 ,i d n wi% to insi/ "h on ! moral aspects ( purity--grave & pr(\nd z ^! are--= ,i am deal+ less ) ! social aspects ( simplicity & purity ?an ) :at ,i w\ld call _! religi\s aspects1 _! p[] to w9 our p]sonal peace & joy4 ,h[ f> we are to-day1 at all ev5ts 9 ,engl&1 f ! simplicity & purity ( ,francis 9 ! se>* = peace & joy is br\ght home v cle>ly to ^? :o h ev] made x _! bus9ess to obs]ve ! masses ( our population 9 _! f9e/ mom5ts ( w\ld-be peace & joy4 ,_m ye>s ago a curi\s fasc9ation drew me e ,bank ,holiday to haunt ! /ructure & gr\nds ( ! ,cry/al ,palace1 ne> :i* ,i !n liv$4 ,! vision ( humanity 9 ! mass1 :5 x has lo/ ! int]e/ :i* individuals possess1 & tak5 on ! m ab/ract int]e/ belong+ to ! species1 has = me at lea/ always _h a c]ta9 attraction4 ,b ^! ,bank ,holiday cr[ds _h a m special int]e/4 ,!y summ$ up & wrote l>ge ! *>act]i/ics ( a nation4 ,^! ?irty ?\s& p]sons belong+ to ! class :i* by virtue ( great] f]tility furni%es ! ultimate sub/ance ( all classes1 seem$ to reveal to me ! he>t ( my own p4 ,! p]petual1 viol5t movem5t1 ! mean+less %\ts & yells1 ! hagg>d b&s ( "y wom5 /&+ 9 ! corridors to tramp we>ily a treadmill v>iation ( ! ,iri% jig until !y fell into an almo/ hypnotic /ate1 ! wi/ful1 we>y looks 9 ! dull eyes ( ^! seek]s1 ru%+ on among ! pla/] images ( old s]5e gods1 see+ no?+ b always mov+1 mov+ !y knew n :i!r1 fa9t1 yet pursu+ !y knew n :at1--! :ole ( ! nor!rn s\l1 ! ,engli% s\l above all1 0 !re4 ,on6 on6 nev] m9d h[ or :]e3 t seem$ ! p]petual cry ( ^! pale1 lean1 awkw>d y\?s & wom54 ,& ,i w\ld ?9k ( ! b&s ( boys & girls 9 ! m$ival crusad+ epidemics1 />t+ f ! nor? ) ! same eyes1 ask+ = ,j]usalem at e t[n1 soon to be sla9 or dr[n$ 9 unkn[n obscure ways4 ,or sometimes ,i recall$ ! bas-reliefs 9 ! museum at ,naples--t mo/ fasc9at+ ( museums--:i* %[ h[ ! fail+ ,greek g5ius conc5trat$ its n[ spiritualis$ en]gy 9 ! =ms ( ,dionysus & 8 mnads4 ,) eag] face gr[n languid he leans on ! great ?yrsus1 :i* b5ds b5ea? 8 weight1 & 9 front 8 mnads1 upheld by ! ard\r ( ! se>*1 ) heads ?r[n back & fly+ hair1 /ill beat _! cymbals desp]ately1 seek+1 until !y h gr[n almo/ unconsci\s ( se>*1 a f>-away joy1 an ev]-fleet+ ideal1 ( :i* !y h at la/ =gott5 ! "n4 ,& s = h\rs my gaze w\ld be fix$ on ! pa!tic vulg>ity ( ^? t]rible cr[ds4 ,( late ,i h be5 able to see h[ ! o!r vigor\s & reproductive race--! race t *iefly %>es ) ,engl& ! p>tition ( ! uncivilis$ _w--comports itself at its great fe/ivals4 ,! ,russians are a pr(\ndly & consci\sly religi\s race1 & ,i recall above all ! un=gettable sc5e at ! anci5t mona/]y ( ,troitsa1 ne> ,mosc[1 z x appe>$ on ! fe/ival ( ! ,assumption1 :5 pilgrims1 wom5 mo/ly1 9 e v>iety ( gay co/ume1 cr[d$ ?i!r on foot f all p>ts ( ,russia4 ,!re1 at l5g? )9 ! walls ( t mona/]y-=tress on ! hill at ,s]gievo1 !y f]v5tly kiss ! sacr$ relics1 & hav+ be5 s]v$ by ! d>k-rob$1 long-hair$ monks ) s\p & black bread1 !y lie d[n & fall asleep1 placid & motionless1 on all sides4 ,"y wom51 grasp+ ! pilgrim's /aff1 a little droop sometimes 9 ! lips1 yet ) l>ge brawny ?ighs b5ea? ! %ort skirts1 /olid great-brea/$ wom5 ( middle age1 wr9kl$ old wom5 deck$ 9 _! anci5t traditional adornm5ts--all ?is gay-col\r$ multitude fl+ !mselves d[n to sleep on ! *ur* /eps1 ar\nd its walls1 ov] ! sil5t graves1 heap$ up any:]e t ! m>* ( on-com+ pilgrims leaves a little space1 tir$ mnads fill$ = once ) ! w9e _! s\ls crav$1 colossal images ( imm5se appeasem5t4 ,x is ! orgy ( a /rong1 sil5t1 mu*-suff]+ race1 ) all ! *>m ( *ildhood yet ^u x1 too humane to be f]oci\s 9 its en]gy4 ,we ,engli% subord9ate ! s5sory to ! motor side ( life1 & ev5 f9d our virtue 9 s do+4 ,to live 9 ! pres5t1 to suff] & to enjoy our actual evil & good1 fac+ x squ>ely & mak+ our acc\nt ) x--t we _c d3 t 0 ! way ( ! ,greeks & ,romans2 x is n our way4 ,we are ev] poets & ideali/s1 d[n to ! dregs ( life's cup4 ,we mu/ /rive & pu%1 us+ our muscles to n>cotise our s5ses1 ev] contemptu\s ( ! p :o m fully ex]cise _! s5ses to grasp ! _w ar\nd !m4 ,= ! sake ( ?is muscul> auto-intoxication we miss ! f9e/ mom5ts life has to give4 ,! ,japanese masses1 :o fix _! popul> fe/ival = ! day :5 ! *]ry-tree is 9 f9e/ bloom1 & take _! families into ! woods to sip tea & pass ! day delici\sly ) ! fl[]s1 are born to a k ( t my/]y :i* ,francis pa9fully conqu]$4 ,! p to :om su* an art ( enjoym5t is ! common practice ( ! common p may possibly n succe$ 9 s5d+ ugly & %oddy goods to clo! & kill ! beautiful sk9s ( e savage tribe "u heav51 b we ne$ n fe> to affirm t !y h le>nt secrets ( civilisation :i* are yet hidd5 f u 9 ,engl&4 ,! wor? ( a civilisation1 we may be v sure1 is m surely measur$ by its p[] to multiply among ! common p ! possibility ( hav+ & enjoy+ su* mom5ts ?an by ! mileage ( cotton goods its factories c yield1 or ev5 by ! output ( ,bibles its we>y factory h&s c /it*4 ,we c "k no mom5ts ( f9] or pur] exhil>ation1 :e!r we brea! ! bright air ( ,au/ralian solitudes & wat* ! virg9 hills lie fold )9 fold b5ea? ! /a9less sunlight1 or 9 ! dimm] & damp] air ( ?is old c\ntry recl9e on ,surrey heights by ! great bee*es ( ! old des]t$ ,pilgrim's ,way & m$itate ( ! pa/4 ,!re are few ?+s sweet] or m pr(itable ?an to lie on ! velvety floor ( a little p9e wood on a =gott5 s\!rn height 9 ,may1 :]e tall clumps ( full-fl[]$ rhodod5dra bl5d ) ! fragrant gorse :i* spreads d[n to ! sp>kl+ sea1 & to ?r[ aside ev]y?+ & dream4 ,9 su* mom5ts at su* spots we rea* ! summits ( life1 le>n+ ^? secrets ( asceticism :i* ,francis knew s well4 ,?us by 8 words & by 8 de$s ,francis /ill has 8 significance = u4 ,he br\ght asceticism f ! cell into ! fields1 & became ! monk ( ,nature4 ,"o may d\bt :e!r1 z ,r5an ?\ght1 ! ,song to ! ,sun is ! supreme mod]n expression ( ! religi\s _s1 b )\t d\bt x ga!rs up vaguely & broadly ! ?+s t mo/ surely belong to our et]nal peace 9 ?is _w4 ,t x is ! simple/ & naturale/ ?+s to :i* et]nal joy belongs is ! div9e secret :i* makes ,francis a pr9ce among sa9ts1 & x 0 by a true inspiration t he d$icat$ ! *ief utt]ance ( 8 wor%ip ( joy 9 life to ! sun4 ,if x %\ld ev] *ance t a sane in/9ct ( wor%ip is born aga9 on e>? among civilis$ m51 let u be sure t no?+ w seem m wor?y ( wor%ip ?an ! sun1 ! s\rce ( t en]gy out ( :i* we & all our ideals ultimately spr+4 ,"s day1 aga91 p]haps1 m5 w greet ! ris+ ( ! sun at ! summ] sol/ice on ! hills ) music & song & dance1 fram+ _! mo/ exquisite liturgical art to ! hon\r ( t supreme s\rce ( all e>?ly life4 ,x 0 natural1 d\btless1 t at "s /age ( human progress new-f\nd moral conceptions %\ld intrude !mselves z wor?i] ( human wor%ip4 ,b ev5 ! cross itself--if n its great rival ! lun> ,mohamm$an cresc5t--0 fir/ ! symbol ( sun-wor%ip1 ( ! s\rce ( life4 ,we may yet rescue t sacr$ symbol1 n[ fall5 to su* sorr[ful uses1 be>+ x onw>ds to sunni] heights ( :ol5ess & joy4 ,religions are _m1 & 9 ! mass !y seem to u--bl9d$ to ! social functions t religions orig9ally subs]v$--endlessly h>% & cruel4 ,b 9 _! summits1 9 _! f9e/ p]sonalities1 !y are simple & natural en\gh1 & alike lovely4 ,look at ! ,jesus ( ! ,gospels1 ! fri5d ( publicans & s9n]s1 ! m>riage gue/ at ,cana1 s t5d]-he>t$ 9 ! h\se ( ,simon1 ! au?or ( ^? say+s ( qu9tess5tial natural wisdom pres]v$ to u 9 t /r+ ( adorable pe>ls m5 call ! ,s]mon on ! ,m\nt4 ,look at ! prophet ( ,islam1 :5 gaz+ back at ! e>? z x seem$ to rec$e into ! di/ance at ! end ( 8 long c>e]1 he c\nt$ z fir/ among its claims ! simple natural joys3 8,i love y\r _w because ( its wom5 & its p]fumes40 ,& we rememb] ! dep?s to :i* ,*ri/ianity & ,mohamm$anism h alike fall54 ,look1 aga91 at ,francis1 :o 9 no prim academical s5se may be call$ ! fir/ mod]n apo/le ( sweetness & light1 a man :o f\nd joy unspeakable 9 inhal+ ! fragrance ( fl[]s1 9 wat*+ ! limpid wat]s ( m\nta9 /reams1 & ^: mo/ *>act]i/ic symbol is ! so>+ l>k he lov$ s well4 ,& we rememb] t a c5tury lat] ev5 ,*auc]1 t sweete/ & mo/ sympa!tic ( poets1 c only speak ( 8 fri> 9 words t seem to be ( inevitable & unconsci\s irony4 ,= e religion beg9s z ! glori\s liv+ flame ( a lovely human p]sonality1--or s x seems1--& cont9ues z a b>r5 c9d]-heap4 ,z su*1 z a ,*ur*1 :e!r pagan or ,*ri/ian1 x c sc>cely af=d u ei!r light or heat4 ,:y1 "o asks oneself1 is x necess>y = me to *oose betwe5 ,paul & ,petronius8 ,:y pe/] me on ! "o h& ) ! brea/plate ( fai? & ! helmet ( salvation1 on ! o!r ) ! fea/ ( ,trimal*io & ! kisses ( ,giton8 8,a plague ( bo? y\r h\ses60 ,we are n b>b>ians1 tortur$ by a moral law1 nei!r are we all pagans ) unmix$ in/9cts ( luxury4 ,we are ! outcome ( a civilisation 9 :i* n only has :at we are pleas$ to reg>d z ! s5sual fury ( ! ape & tig] become some:at *a/5$1 b ! ascetic fury ( ! monk & prie/ also4 ,let ! *ild ( ! s\? fea/ /ill 9 ! h\se ( ,trimal*io ) unw\nd$ consci5ce1 if he c2 we w n =bid him4 ,& let ! b>b>ian /ill flagellate 8 t5se rebelli\s n]ves ) knott$ spiritual sc\rges1 if only s c he draw out ! be/ music !y yield2 we w be ! fir/ to applaud4 ,b mo/ ( u h little to d ) ! "o or ! o!r4 ,! palmie/ days ( bo? end$ a ?\s& ye>s ere we 7 born4 ,be=e ! ?re%old ( our mod]n _w 0 rea*$ ,francis sang 9 ! sun & smil$ away ! spectres t squatt$ on ! beautiful ?+s ( ! e>?4 ,on ! ?re%old ( our _w ,rabelais built 8 ,abbey ( ,!lme1 9 ^: rule 0 b "o clause1 ,fay ce que v\ldras1 a rule :i* no pagan or ,*ri/ian _h ev] set up be=e1 because nev] be=e except z involv$ 9 ! ab/ract conceptions ( philosoph]s1 _h ! ?\ght ( volunt>y co-op]ation1 ( ! unsolicit$ fre$om to d well1 appe>$ be=e ,european m54 ,:at h we to d also1 x may be add$1 ) mod]nity1 ) ! fa%ions ( an h\r8 ,x is well1 inde$1 to live 9 ! pres5t1 :atev] t pres5t may be1 b soon] or lat] we are pu%$ back1 we>y or disillusion$1 on ! inspiration ( our own p]sonality4 ,all ! activity ( ,francis only wr\ght a plague ( grey fri>s1 scatt]$ l du/ on ! highways ( ,europe4 ,b ,francis /ill rema9s1 & all ?+s )] into no?+ness 9 ! pres5ce ( "o natural man :o d>$ to be himself4 ,! be/ ( u c sc>cely hope to be m successful ?an ,francis4 ,b at lea/ we may be ourselves4 8,:atev] happ5s ,i mu/ be em]ald30 t1 ,anton9us said1 is ! em]ald's morality2 t mu/ rema9 our f9e/ affirmation4 ,our feet cl+ to ! e>?1 & x is well t we %\ld le>n to grip x closely & nak$ly4 ,b ! e>? b5ea? u is n all ( ,nature2 !re are in/9cts )9 u t lead else:]e1 & x is "p ( ! art ( liv+ to use naturally all ^? in/9cts4 ,9 s do+ ! spiritual burd5s :i* ! ages h laid ^u u glide away into ?9 air4 ,& = u1 z = him :o wrote ,de ,imitatione ,*ri/i--h[ev] f> diff]5tly--!re are /ill two w+s by :i* we may raise ourselves above ! e>?1 simplicity1 t is to say1 & purity4 ,,footnotes3 ,footnote #aj3 ,?us "o le>ns f ! newspap]s t ! (f5ce ( we>+ s&als has involv$ ejection ev5 f s great a c5tre ( enlight5m5t z ! ,read+ ,room ( ! ,briti% ,museum1 :ile ! m]e ass]tion t an actress appe>$ on ! /age ) b>e legs 0 s damag+ t x involv$ an action = sl&]1 a public apology1 & ! paym5t ( 8a sub/antial sum0 9 comp5sation4 ,,! ,,walt] ,,scott ,,press1 ,,newca/le-,,on-,,tyne4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ab\t #cej pp4 ea*1 ,clo? ,cov]1 #b_/f p] ,vol42 ,half-,poli%$ ,morocco1 ,gilt ,top1 #es4 ,c\nt ,tol/oy's ,works4 ,! foll[+ ,volumes are already issu$-- ,a ,,russian ,,proprietor4 ,,:at ,,to ,,d8 ,,! ,,cossacks4 ,,w> ,,& ,,peace4 7#d vols47 ,,ivan ,,ilyi*1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,! ,,long ,,exile1 ,,etc4 ,,/ories4 ,,seva/opol4 ,,my ,,religion4 ,,! ,,kreutz] ,,sonata1 ,,& ,,life4 ,,family ,,happ9ess4 ,,my ,,confession4 ,,! ,,k+dom ,,( ,,god ,,is ,,*ildhood1 ,,boyhood1 ,,)9 ,,y4 ,,y\?4 ,,"w ,,:ile ,,ye ,,h ,,! ,,! ,,physiology ,,( ,,w>4 ,,light4 ,,anna ,,k>59a4 #c_/f4 ,,! ,,gospel ,,9 ,,brief4 ,uni=m ) ! above-- ,,impressions ,,( ,,russia4 ,by ,dr4 ,,george ,,br&es4 ,po/ #dto1 ,clo?1 ,price #as4 ,,patriotism ,,& ,,*ri/ianity4 ,to :i* is app5d$ a ,reply to ,criticisms ( ! ,"w4 ,by ,,c\nt ,,tol/oy4 #a_/- ,booklets by ,c\nt ,tol/oy4 ,b\nd 9 ,:ite ,gra9$ ,bo>ds1 ) ,gilt ,lett]+4 ,,:]e ,,love ,,is1 ,,!re ,,god ,,! ,,godson4 ,,is ,,also4 ,,if ,,y ,,neglect ,,! ,,fire1 ,,! ,,two ,,pilgrims4 ,,y ,,don',t ,,put ,,x ,,out4 ,,:at ,,m5 ,,live ,,by4 ,,:at ,,%all ,,x ,,pr(it ,a ,,man8 #b_/- ,booklets by ,c\nt ,tol/oy4 ,,new ,,editions1 ,,revis$4 ,small #abmo1 ,clo?1 ) ,emboss$ ,design on ,cov]1 ea* conta9+ ,two ,/ories by ,c\nt ,tol/oy1 & ,two ,draw+s by ,h4 ,r4 ,mill>4 ,9 ,box1 ,price #bs4 ea*4 ,volume ,i4 conta9s-- ,volume ,,iii4 conta9s-- ,,:]e ,,love ,,is1 ,,!re ,,god ,,! ,,two ,,pilgrims4 ,,is ,,also4 ,,if ,,y ,,neglect ,,! ,,fire1 ,,! ,,godson4 ,,y ,,don',t ,,put ,,x ,,out4 ,volume ,,ii4 conta9s-- ,volume ,,iv4 conta9s-- ,,:at ,,m5 ,,live ,,by4 ,,ma/] ,,& ,,man4 ,,:at ,,%all ,,x ,,pr(it ,a ,volume ,v4 conta9s-- ,,man8 ,,tol/oy',s ,,p>ables4 ,london3 ,,walt] ,,scott1 ,,limit$1 ,pat]no/] ,squ>e4 ,,press ,,op9ions ,,on 8,,! ,,new ,,_s40 8,x is easy to dislike 8 book1 x is possible to dislike x furi\sly2 b ! book is s hone/1 s e>ne/1 s /imulat+ 9 its tol]ant b conv9c$ unconv5tionality1 t x claims = itself a l s9c]ity & s]i\sness 9 ! read]4444 ,mr4 ,ellis has produc$ a book :i* w be hotly discuss$1 no d\bt1 = x is no?+ if n initiative1 we might almo/ say revolution>y2 b x is n a book to be disreg>d$4444 ,x has s9c]ity & x has p[]2 & s9c]ity & p[] compel at lea/ att5tion40--,speak]4 8,mr4 ,havelock ,ellis has discov]$ a #8,new ,_s4' ,we h read him ) c>e & pati5ce1 & we %\ld be sorry to describe x2 we only "k t x is n intoxicat+40--,scots ,obs]v]4 8,welcome is w>mly due to ?is fre%1 buoyant1 & s9c]e volume ( essays by ,mr4 ,havelock ,ellis4444 ,!re are p>ts ( ! /udy ( ,he9e :i* are n unwor?y to be nam$--x is high praise--) ,mat!w ,arnold's inimitable pap] ^u t writ]1 a pap] almo/ z classic z ,he9e himself4444 ,! la/ ^w ^u s sugge/ive & f9i%$ a piece ( "w ought to be "o ( ungrudg+ praise40--,academy4 8,mr4 ,c>lyle describ$1 x seems to u1 ,mr4 ,havelock ,ellis himself ) great exactness 9 ! p]son ( a c]ta9 biograph] ( ,voltaire1 #8an inquir+1 hone/-he>t$ "*1 _m ( ^: /atem5ts mu/ h begun to a/oni% ev5 himself4' ,mr4 ,ellis mu/ be v #8inquir+1' = we h seldom met ) "o :o kn[s s _m ?+s t o!r p d n "k40--,a!num4 8,ea* ( ^! essays is a ?or\gh & well-consid]$ piece ( "w1 admirable 9 in=mation1 firm 9 grasp1 /imulat+ 9 /yle1 appreciative 9 matt]1 & ! survey af=d$ is broad4444 ,x is an altoge!r unusual "w1 bo? = its ambition & = its matt]2 x br+s ! read] ne> to "s ( ! m>k$ ideas ( ! "t40--,nation4 8,! po9ts ( ! ,new ,_s are its passion = gett+ ?+s "r 9 ! matt] ( prop]ty & 9 ! matt] ( true human wor?40--,daily ,news4 ,,press ,,op9ions ,,on 8,,! ,,new ,,_s40 7,cont9u$47 8,! only coh]5t con/itu5t ( ! ,new ,_s :i* ?is book pr(esses to set =?1 is a vehem5t hatr$1 am\nt+ to a passion1 aga9/ conv5tional unv]acities1 & a det]m9ation t !y %\ld be swept away4444 ,we _c imag9e any?+ ( :i* x c\ld be m necess>y = human nature1 s taught by our ,"l1 to purge itself1 ?an ! ,new ,_s ( ,havelock ,ellis40--,spectator4 8,mr4 ,havelock ,ellis has writt5 an int]e/+ & significant book1 :i* x is q easy to ridicule1 b :i* c]ta9ly des]ves a fair he>+4444 ,app>5tly ^! writ]s are *os5 because !y all agree 9 a hatr$ ( %ams1 9 look+ facts 9 ! face1 & 9 dem&+ provision = ! heal?y satisfaction ( animal wants4444 ,mr4 ,ellis writes ) =ce & insight2 b1 :e!r f brevity or want ( caution1 he leaves ) reg>d to ^! subjects an impression :i* he w\ld probably n himself desire to produce40--,murray's ,magaz9e4 8,! conclud+ *apt]1 :]e9 ,mr4 ,ellis expresses 8 own #8intimate ?\ght & secret emotion1' is "o ( ! be/ utt]ances ( ! ,new ,_s :i* we h ev] read40--,e*o4 8,un volume de haute critique littraire qui rappelle le /yle =t et la m?ode /ricte de ,h5nequ940--,m]cure de ,france4 8,a m fooli%1 un:olesome1 p]v]t$ piece ( s5tim5tal cant we h nev] wa/$ our "t ov]40--,_w4 8,excell5t examples ( appreciative criticism ( an exce$+ly int]e/+ s]ies ( au?ors1 ( :om e "o ought to "k at lea/ z mu* z ,mr4 ,ellis "h tells u s fre%ly & vivaci\sly40--,scotti% ,lead]4 8,we only ref] to ?is unpleasant compilation ( cool impud5ce & effront]y to w>n our read]s aga9/ x40--,dundee ,adv]tis]4 8,beautiful bo? 9 ?\ght & expression4 ,b ,mr4 ,ellis seems to h laid aside altoge!r ! wise re/ra9t :i* *>act]ises 8 volume on #8,! ,crim9al4'444 ,! sci5tific _s1 ( :i* at o!r times he has %[n himself a di/+ui%$ expon5t1 %\ld h prev5t$ him f su* error40--,arbroa? ,h]ald4 8,ard5t1 en?usia/ic1 & eloqu5t40--,bo/on ,lit]>y ,_w4 8,x is n (t5 t ! we>y & he>t-sore review]1 /ruggl+ to keep abrea/ ( ! ,protean outp\r+s ( ! press1 falls 9 ) any?+ s well-in=m$1 s ri* 9 ?\ght & sugge/ion z ,! ,new ,_s40--,wit & ,wisdom4 ,london3 ,,walt] ,,scott1 ,,limit$1 ,pat]no/] ,squ>e4 ,! ,contempor>y ,sci5ce ,s]ies4 ,edit$ by ,havelock ,ellis4 ,i4 ,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,,sex4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,patrick ,,g$des & ,j4 ,a4 ,,?omson4 ,) #ij ,illu/rations4 ,second ,edition4 8,! au?ors h br\ght to ! task--z inde$ _! names gu>antee--a weal? ( k1 a lucid & attractive me?od ( treatm5t1 & a ri* ve9 ( picturesque language40--,nature4 ,,ii4 ,,electricity ,,9 ,,mod]n ,,life4 ,by ,g4 ,w4 ,,de ,,tunzelmann4 ,) #hh ,illu/rations4 8,a cle>ly-writt5 & connect$ sket* ( :at is kn[n ab\t electricity & magnetism1 ! m prom95t mod]n applications1 & ! pr9ciples on :i* !y are bas$40--,saturday ,review4 ,,iii4 ,,! ,,orig9 ,,( ,,! ,,aryans4 ,by ,dr4 ,,isaac ,,taylor4 ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 8,canon ,taylor is probably ! mo/ encyclopdic all-r\nd s*ol> n[ liv+4 ,8 new volume on ! ,orig9 ( ! ,aryans is a fir/-rate example ( ! excell5t acc\nt to :i* he c turn 8 exceptionally wide & v>i$ in=mation4444 ,ma/]ly & exhau/ive40--,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,,iv4 ,,physiognomy ,,& ,,expression4 ,by ,p4 ,,mantegazza4 ,illu/rat$4 8,br+s ?is highly int]e/+ subject ev5 ) ! late/ rese>*es4444 ,pr(essor ,mantegazza is a writ] full ( life & _s1 & ! natural attractiv5ess ( 8 subject is n de/roy$ by 8 sci5tific h&l+ ( x40--,lit]>y ,_w 7,bo/on74 ,v4 ,,evolution ,,& ,,disease4 ,by ,j4 ,b4 ,,sutton1 ,f4,r4,c4,s4 ,) #ace ,illu/rations4 8,! book is z int]e/+ z a novel1 )\t sacrifice ( accuracy or sy/em1 & is calculat$ to give an appreciation ( ! fundam5tals ( pa?ology to ! lay read]1 :ile =m+ a useful collection ( illu/rations ( disease = m$ical ref]5ce40--,j\rnal ( ,m5tal ,sci5ce4 ,,vi4 ,,! ,,village ,,community4 ,by ,g4 ,l4 ,,gomme4 ,illu/rat$4 8,8 book w probably rema9 = "s "t ! be/ "w ( ref]5ce = facts be>+ on ^? traces ( ! village community :i* h n be5 effac$ by conque/1 encroa*m5t1 & ! heavy h& ( ,roman law40--,scotti% ,lead]4 ,,vii4 ,,! ,,crim9al4 ,by ,,havelock ,,ellis4 ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 8,! sociologi/1 ! philosoph]1 ! philan?ropi/1 ! noveli/--all1 inde$1 = :om ! /udy ( human nature has any attraction--w f9d ,mr4 ,ellis full ( int]e/ & sugge/iv5ess40--,academy4 ,,viii4 ,,sanity ,,& ,,insanity4 ,by ,dr4 ,,*>les ,,m]ci]4 ,illu/rat$4 8,tak5 z a :ole1 x is ! brighte/ book on ! physical side ( m5tal sci5ce publi%$ 9 our "t40--,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,,ix4 ,,hypnotism4 ,by ,dr4 ,,alb]t ,,moll4 ,f\r? ,edition4 8,m>ks a /ep ( "s importance 9 ! /udy ( "s difficult physiological & psy*ological problems :i* h n yet receiv$ mu* att5tion 9 ! sci5tific _w ( ,engl&40--,nature4 ,x4 ,,manual ,,tra9+4 ,by ,dr4 ,c4 ,m4 ,,woodw>d1 ,director ( ! ,manual ,tra9+ ,s*ool1 ,/4 ,l\is4 ,illu/rat$4 8,!re is no great] au?ority on ! subject ?an ,pr(essor ,woodw>d40--,man*e/] ,gu>dian4 ,,xi4 ,,! ,,sci5ce ,,( ,,fairy ,,tales4 ,by ,e4 ,,sidney ,,h>tl&4 8,mr4 ,h>tl&'s book w w9 ! sympa?y ( all e>ne/ /ud5ts1 bo? by ! k x displays1 & by a ?or\gh love & appreciation ( 8 subject1 :i* is evid5t ?r\gh\t40--,spectator4 ,,xii4 ,,primitive ,,folk4 ,by ,,elie ,,reclus4 8,an attractive & useful introduction to ! /udy ( "s aspects ( e?nography40--,nature4 ,,xiii4 ,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,,m>riage4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,let\rneau4 8,among ! di/+ui%$ ,fr5* /ud5ts ( sociology1 ,pr(essor ,let\rneau has long /ood 9 ! fir/ rank4 ,he approa*es ! great /udy ( man free f bias & %y ( g5]alisations4 ,to collect1 scrut9ise1 & appraise facts is 8 *ief bus9ess4 ,9 ! volume be=e u he %[s ^! qualities 9 an admirable degree40--,sci5ce4 ,,xiv4 ,,bact]ia ,,& ,,_! ,,products4 ,by ,dr4 ,g4 ,,sims ,,woodhead4 ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 8,an excell5t summ>y ( ! pres5t /ate ( k ( ! subject40--,lancet4 ,,xv4 ,,education ,,& ,,h]$ity4 ,by ,j4 ,m4 ,,guyau4 8,x is at once a treatise on sociology1 e?ics1 & pdagogics4 ,x is d\btful :e!r among all ! ard5t evolutioni/s :o h _h _! say on ! moral & ! educational "q any "o has c>ri$ =w>d ! new doctr9e s boldly to its extreme logical consequ5ce40--,pr(essor ,,sully 9 ,m9d4 ,,xvi4 ,,! ,,man ,,( ,,g5ius4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,lombroso4 ,illu/rat$4 8,by f> ! mo/ compreh5sive & fasc9at+ collection ( facts & g5]alizations conc]n+ g5ius :i* has yet be5 br\ght toge!r40--,j\rnal ( ,m5tal ,sci5ce4 ,,xvii4 ,,! ,,gramm> ,,( ,,sci5ce4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,k>l ,,pe>son4 ,illu/rat$4 8,! problems discuss$ ) great ability & lucidity1 & (t5 9 a mo/ sugge/ive mann]1 by ,pr(4 ,pe>son1 are su* z %\ld int]e/ all /ud5ts ( natural sci5ce40--,natural ,sci5ce4 ,,xviii4 ,,prop]ty3 ,,its ,,orig9 ,,& ,,developm5t4 ,by ,,*4 ,,let\rneau1 ,g5]al ,secret>y to ! ,an?ropological ,society1 ,p>is1 & ,pr(essor 9 ! ,s*ool ( ,an?ropology1 ,p>is4 8,m4 ,let\rneau has read a great deal1 & he seems to u to h select$ & int]pret$ 8 facts ) consid]able judgm5t & le>n+40--,we/m9/] ,review4 ,,xix4 ,,volcanoes1 ,,pa/ ,,& ,,pres5t4 ,by ,pr(4 ,,edw>d ,,hull1 ,l4,l4,d41 ,f4,r4,s4 8,a v readable acc\nt ( ! ph5om5a ( volcanoes & e>?quakes40--,nature4 ,,xx4 ,,public ,,heal?4 ,by ,dr4 ,j4 ,f4 ,j4 ,,sykes4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 8,n by any means a m]e compilation or a dry record ( details & /ati/ics1 b x takes up ess5tial po9ts 9 evolution1 environm5t1 prophylaxis1 & sanitation be>+ ^u ! pres]vation ( public heal?40--,lancet4 ,,xxi4 ,,mod]n ,,meteorology4 ,,an ,,acc\nt ,,( ,,! ,,gr[? ,,& ,,pres5t ,,condition ,,( ,,"s ,,bran*es ,,( ,,meteorological ,,sci5ce4 ,by ,,frank ,,waldo1 ,,ph4,d41 ,memb] ( ! ,g]man & ,au/rian ,meteorological ,societies1 etc42 late ,junior ,pr(essor1 ,signal ,s]vice1 ,u4,s4,a4 ,) #aab ,illu/rations4 8,! pres5t volume is ! be/ on ! subject = g5]al use t we h se540--,daily ,telegraph 7,london74 ,,xxii4 ,,! ,,g]m-,,plasm3 ,a ,,!ory ,,( ,,h]$ity4 ,by ,,augu/ ,,weismann1 ,pr(essor 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,freiburg-9-,breisgau4 ,) #bd ,illu/rations4 8,!re has be5 no "w publi%$ s9ce ,d>w9's own books :i* has s ?or\ghly h&l$ ! matt] treat$ by him1 or has done s mu* to place 9 ord] & cle>ness ! imm5se complexity ( ! factors ( h]$ity1 or1 la/ly1 has br\ght to light s _m new facts & consid]ations be>+ on ! subject40--,briti% ,m$ical ,j\rnal4 ,,xxiii4 ,,indu/ries ,,( ,,animals4 ,by ,f4 ,,h\ssay4 ,) num]\s ,illu/rations4 8,8 accuracy is und\bt$1 yet 8 facts out-m>vel all romance4 ,^! facts are "h made use ( z mat]ials :]e) to =m ! mighty fabric ( evolution40--,man*e/] ,gu>dian4 ,,xxiv4 ,,man ,,& ,,woman4 ,by ,,havelock ,,ellis4 ,illu/rat$4 ,second ,edition4 8,mr4 ,havelock ,ellis belongs1 9 "s measure1 to ! cont95tal s*ool ( an?ropologi/s2 b :ile equally me?odical 9 ! collection ( facts1 he is f> m cauti\s 9 ! inv5tion ( !ories1 & he has ! fur!r di/9ction ( be+ n only able to ?9k1 b able to write4 ,8 book is a sane & imp>tial consid]ation1 f a psy*ological & an?ropological po9t ( view1 ( a subject :i* is c]ta9ly ( prim>y int]e/40--,a!num4 ,,xxv4 ,,! ,,evolution ,,( ,,mod]n ,,capitalism4 ,by ,,john ,a4 ,,hobson1 ,m4,a4 8,e page af=ds evid5ce ( wide & m9ute /udy1 a weigh+ ( facts z consci5ti\s z x is acute1 a ke5 s5se ( ! importance ( c]ta9 po9ts z to :i* economi/s ( all s*ools h hi!rto be5 confus$ & c>eless1 & an imp>tiality g5]ally s great z to give no indication ( 8 ,mr4 ,hobson's p]sonal sympa?ies40--,pall ,mall ,gazette4 ,,xxvi4 ,,app>itions ,,& ,,?\ght-,,transf]5ce4 ,by ,,frank ,,podmore1 ,m4,a4 8,a v sob] & int]e/+ little book4444 ,t ?\ght-transf]5ce is a real ?+1 ?\gh n p]haps a v common ?+1 he c]ta9ly %[s40--,spectator4 ,,xxvii4 ,,an ,,introduction ,,to ,,comp>ative ,,psy*ology4 ,by ,pr(essor ,c4 ,,lloyd ,,morgan4 ,) ,diagrams4 8,a /rong & complete exposition ( ,psy*ology1 z x takes %ape 9 a m9d previ\sly in=m$ ) biological sci5ce4444 ,well writt51 extremely ent]ta9+1 & intr9sically valuable40--,saturday ,review4 ,,xxviii4 ,,! ,,orig9s ,,( ,,inv5tion3 ,a ,,/udy ,,( ,,indu/ry ,,among ,,primitive ,,peoples4 ,by ,,otis ,t4 ,,mason1 ,curator ( ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,e?nology 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,national ,museum4 8,a valuable hi/ory ( ! developm5t ( ! inv5tive faculty40--,nature4 ,,xxix4 ,,! ,,gr[? ,,( ,,! ,,bra93 ,a ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,n]v\s ,,sy/em ,,9 ,,relation ,,to ,,education4 ,by ,,h5ry ,,h]b]t ,,donaldson1 ,pr(essor ( ,neurology 9 ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago4 8,we c say ) confid5ce t ,pr(essor ,donaldson has execut$ 8 "w ) mu* c>e1 judgm5t1 & discrim9ation40--,! ,lancet4 ,,xxx4 ,,evolution ,,9 ,,art3 ,,z ,,illu/rat$ ,,by ,,! ,,life-,,hi/ories ,,( ,,designs4 ,by ,pr(essor ,,alfr$ ,c4 ,,haddon4 ,) #acj ,illu/rations4 8,x is impossible to speak too highly ( ?is mo/ unassum+ & invaluable book40--,j\rnal ,an?ropological ,in/itute4 ,,xxxi4 ,,! ,,psy*ology ,,( ,,! ,,emotions4 ,by ,,?4 ,,ribot1 ,pr(essor at ! ,college ( ,france1 ,editor ( ! ,revue ,philosophique4 8,pr(essor ,ribot's treatm5t is c>eful1 mod]n1 & adequate40--,academy4 ,,xxxii4 ,,halluc9ations ,,& ,,illusions3 ,a ,,/udy ,,( ,,! ,,fallacies ,,( ,,p]ception4 ,by ,,edmund ,,p>i%4 8,?is rem>kable little volume40--,daily ,news4 ,,xxxiii4 ,,! ,,new ,,psy*ology4 ,by ,e4 ,w4 ,,scripture1 ,ph4,d4 7,leipzig74 ,) #abd ,illu/rations4 ,,xxxiv4 ,,sleep3 ,,its ,,physiology1 ,,pa?ology1 ,,hygi5e1 ,,& ,,psy*ology4 ,by ,,m>ie ,,de ,,manac,,ne 7,/4 ,pet]sburg74 ,illu/rat$4 ,,! ,,scott ,,libr>y4 ,cr[n #hvo1 ,clo? ,elegant1 ,price #as4 #f;d4 p] ,volume4 ,,issue ,,( ,,new ,,volumes4 ,vas>i's ,lives ( ,italian ,pa9t]s4 ,select$ & ,prefac$ by ,,havelock ,,ellis4 8,vas>i's ,lives0 may be approa*$ = su* k z !y af=d conc]n+ ! hi/ory ( art & ! catalogu+ ( ! art-products ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance2 or !y may be approa*$ = ! light ,vas>i ?r[s on ! psy*ology ( g5ius 9 arti/s1 f :i* po9t ( view he is incomp>able4 ,z ! p]sonal fri5d or acqua9tance ( "s ( ! _w's greate/ arti/s1 ,vas>i mov$ 9 an atmosph]e ( arti/ic tradition1 :i* he has fully record$4 ,9 ?is volume ! editor has s\ght to ga!r f ! volum9\s ,lives ev]y?+ t is really ( value reg>d+ ! intimate nature & habits ( ! great ,flor5t9e arti/s ( ! ,italian ,r5aissance4 ,laocoon2 & o!r ,prose ,writ+s ( ,less+4 ,a ,new ,translation1 ) an ,introduction1 by ,w4 ,b4 ,r,,nnfeldt4 ,?is volume1 repres5tative ( ! prose ( ,less+1 conta9s1 besides ! ,laocoon essay1 ^? portions ( ,less+'s ,dramatic ,notes 7,hamburgis*e ,dramaturgie7 :i* deal ) v>i\s pr9ciples ( dramatic art1 & :i* are ( p]man5t int]e/1 toge!r ) ! ,education ( ! ,human ,race1 ,less+'s la/ contribution to !ological discussion4 ,a biographical note is prefix$ to ! introduction4 ,an entirely new translation is "h giv54 ,pelleas & ,melis&a & ,! ,sightless4 ,two ,plays by ,maurice ,maet]l9ck4 ,translat$ f ! ,fr5* by ,,laur5ce ,,alma ,,tadema4 ,! preface to ?is volume1 :ile provid+ = ! read] :o is unacqua9t$ ) ! peculi>ly imag9ative dramas ( ,maet]l9ck an excell5t introduction to !m1 furni%es also a bibliography ( ,maet]l9ck's works4 ,= ! song 9 ,act ,,iii4 ( ,pelleas & ,melis&a 78,mes longs *eveux desc5d5t071 ! attempt at an adequate ,engli% r5dition ( :i* has baffl$ v>i\s translators1 ano!r song has1 at ! reque/ ( ,m4 ,maet]l9ck1 be5 sub/itut$4 ,! ,complete ,angl] ( ,walton & ,cotton4 ,edit$1 ) an ,introduction1 by ,,*>les ,,hill ,,dick4 ,?is is a c>efully edit$ repr9t ( ?is fam\s book1 prefix$ by a biographical introduction4 ,pa9s has be5 tak5 9 ! selection ( ! type = ?is edition1 :i* w be f\nd "o ( ! neate/ & h&ie/ ( ! _m editions ( ,! ,angl] :i* h appe>$4 ,less+'s 8,na?an ! ,wise40 ,translat$1 ) an ,introduction1 by ,major-,g5]al ,,patrick ,,maxwell4 ,z ! translator ( ,s*ill]'s 8,maid ( ,orleans10 8,william ,tell10 & ( v>i\s plays & essays1 ,g5]al ,maxwell's "w has be5 receiv$ ) consid]able critical appreciation4 ,an analysis ( ! play prec$es ! text 9 ?is volume1 & copi\s elucidatory notes are app5d$4 ,?is translation ( "o ( ! mo/ notable dramatic productions ( ! la/ c5tury w be f\nd z fai?ful & effective z any t has yet be5 giv5 to ! ,engli% read]4 ,,london3 ,,walt] ,,scott1 ,,limit$1 ,,pat]no/] ,,squ>e4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes ,simple typographical errors h be5 sil5tly correct$2 unbalanc$ quotation m>ks 7 rem$i$ :5 ! *ange 0 obvi\s1 & o!rwise left unbalanc$4 ,punctuation & spell+ 7 made consi/5t :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ! orig9al book2 o!rwise !y 7 n *ang$4 ,inconsi/5t hyph5s left z pr9t$4