,agricultural ,prices ,,by ,,henry ,a4 ,,wallace ,associate ,editor of ,wallaces' ,farmer ,illustration3 ,logo ,,wallace ,,publishing ,,company ,eleventh and ,walnut ,sts4 ,des ,moines1 ,iowa ,publishers of ,wallaces' ,farmer ,copyright #aibj ,by the ,wallace ,publishing ,company ,all ,rights ,reserved ,illustration ,,preface ,this book is written for all those who may be interested in the matter of prices of agricultural products1 but more especially for the farmers of the corn belt states1 students of agricultural colleges1 county agricultural agents1 and leaders of farm organizations4 ,its purpose is to promote a better understanding of the factors which influence prices of farm products and stimulate an intelligent interest in statistical economics4 ,aside from a rather small number of specialists at the larger terminal markets1 few of the people who buy or sell farm products have any very definite ideas concerning the legitimate price-making forces4 ,a better understanding of such forces by farmers generally should in itself gradually bring about prices which will approach more nearly cost of production1 and tend to reduce the violent fluctuations above and below the compensatory average4 ,a careful study of the facts herein set forth should aid leaders of farm organizations to avoid costly mistakes which too often result from hasty and ill-considered action4 ,while not written primarily for economists1 ,i trust many of them may find something of practical value in the matter herein4 ,they may1 perhaps1 feel that at times ,i have not been as respectful as they would like toward many of the ideas of the classical school1 but ,i have no apologies to offer on this score4 ,in anticipation of possible criticism of my treatment of cost of production1 ,i shall ask them to remember that ,i use 8cost of production0 as a ratio concept 7if need be1 a shifting ratio7 and not as a cost-accounting concept4 ,i may say1 also1 that ,i hold to no particular philosophy of economics unless a very firm belief in the utility of thoro mathematical price studies might be considered as constituting the basis of a philosophy4 ,while the book is frankly written from the farmer's point of view1 there is no bias whatsoever to the mathematics used1 and it is believed that so far as it may influence opinion and practice1 the results will in the long run benefit both farm producer and city consumer4 ,students who may take up this book for serious study will get the greatest good from it by following prices of agricultural products from day to day and month to month1 and noting when the relationship is normal and when abnormal4 ,in this way they will acquire habits of intelligent observation of price trends that should prove of very great value to them when they get into business for themselves4 ,if this book is used as a college text1 it is hoped that it will be by classes which are especially concerned in applying statistical laws to agricultural prices4 ,such classes should have free access to calculating machines1 multiplying tables1 etc41 and should make a serious effort to work out various ratios and also to work out supply and demand laws for various farm products by means of correlation coefficients1 lines of regression1 etc4 ,the tables given in the appendix should be of some value as a source of raw material4 ,for further material1 it is suggested that the ,year ,books of the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture1 the ,monthly ,crop ,reporters of the ,bureau of ,crop ,estimates1 and the ,reports of the ,chicago ,board of ,trade be consulted4 ,a good book on correlation coefficients1 etc41 is ,yule's ,theory of ,statistics4 ,the teacher of the suggested class in agricultural price statistics should simplify the mathematics to mere method1 not concerning himself or his pupils with the theory back of it all4 ,wherever possible1 the teacher should study very carefully the ,january and ,april1 #aiai1 volumes of ,the ,review of ,economic ,statistics1 published by the ,harvard ,university ,press4 ,the methods as exemplified in these volumes can very profitably be applied to the field of agricultural prices4 ,acknowledgement is made to ,professors ,j4 ,m4 ,evvard and ,e4 ,g4 ,nourse1 of the ,iowa ,state ,college1 and to ,professor ,f4 ,a4 ,pearson1 of the ,university of ,illinois1 for criticisms and helpful suggestions4 ,,henry ,a4 ,,wallace4 ,illustration ,,table ,,of ,,contents ,,part ,i4 ,our ,present ,price-,registering ,system #g ,the ,three ,price-,making ,forces #aa ,criticism of ,our ,price-,making ,system #ae ,supply and ,demand #bj ,can 8,price0 ,make 8,supply and ,demand08 #bb ,cost of ,production #bf ,ratio ,method of ,determining ,cost of ,producing ,hogs #cj ,supply and ,demand ,versus ,cost of ,production #cf ,cattle ,prices and the ,ratio ,method #ci ,packer ,prices and the ,ratio ,method #da ,milk ,price ,determination #dd ,cost of ,producing ,crops #di ,consumers' ,ratios #eb ,technique of the ,ratio ,method #eg ,limitations of the ,ratio ,method #fj ,retail and ,wholesale ,prices #fb ,pork ,exports the ,barometer of ,corn ,belt ,prosperity #fd ,corn ,belt ,land ,values and the ,cost of ,producing ,corn #gb ,price ,stability and ,soil ,fertility #gd ,measuring ,total ,crop ,production #ge ,,part ,,ii4 ,mathematical ,study of ,supply and ,demand in the ,hog ,market #ha ,predicting the ,future of ,hog ,prices #ih ,limitations of the ,mathematical ,method #ajc ,conclusions ,based on ,ratios and ,mathematics of ,supply and ,demand #ajf ,appendix #aac ,,our ,,present ,,price-,,registering ,,system#a ,prices of corn belt food staples are registered more promptly and more delicately on the ,chicago ,board of ,trade than anywhere else in the world4 ,the farmer visitor in ,chicago1 who has a few minutes to spare1 finds it very interesting to look down from the ,chicago ,board of ,trade galleries on the corn pit4 ,for several minutes1 the pit may be the dullest thing imaginable1 and suddenly news will 8break40 ,perhaps it is the month of ,august1 and it has begun to rain in ,nebraska4 ,as a result1 certain operators are anxious to dispose of the corn for which they had contracted4 ,perhaps it is #i3cj on another ,august morning1 and the temperature1 even this early in the day1 is #he degrees1 and the prospects are for hot winds sweeping ,kansas and southwestern ,iowa4 ,men who have sold corn 8short0 a few days before1 on the strength of local rains1 are now thoroly scared1 and rush into the pit to buy back before the price runs up more than three or four cents4 ,the farmers sitting in the gallery1 watching the speculators buy and sell 8paper0 corn1 by shaking their fists and nodding their heads1 feel that the ,board of ,trade is a gambling institution4 ,so firm is this conviction that several of our largest farmers' organizations have gone on record as being opposed to the speculative system as a method for registering prices of farm products4 ,so far as the business world is concerned1 the system of buying and selling future contracts employed by the ,board of ,trade is in the nature of risk insurance4 ,a feed concern may have sold to farmers twenty carloads of their feed at a price based on #a4bj corn4 ,they have not bought this corn as yet1 and do not have room to store it4 ,they therefore buy a contract for future delivery at #a4bj1 in order to protect themselves against corn going up in the meantime4 ,this feed concern is in the manufacturing game2 it can not afford to take a risk1 and for that reason buys a future on the ,board of ,trade4 ,when this feed concern accepts the actual corn1 it sells the contract4 ,it may make or lose money on the purchase and sale of the contract1 but in either event the net result is that the actual corn cost #a4bj per bushel plus the commission charge of a fraction of a cent per bushel4 ,the speculator takes the risk1 and the spirit in which he approaches the game is often the gambling spirit1 pure and simple4 ,but1 like all shrewd gamblers1 he takes his risks as shrewdly as possible1 and after a time becomes expert in judging the probable effects of weather1 political news1 transportation difficulties1 etc41 on corn prices4 ,and these factors are more real than some of our agitators would have us believe4 ,but while speculators perform a real service to society1 there is nothing angelic about them4 ,they are concerned with a profit1 not with service4 ,the professional speculator is generally either 8long0 or 8short0 of the market2 that is1 he has corn bought or sold for future delivery4 ,the man who has ,december corn bought for future delivery at #a4bj per bushel is hoping with all his energy that the corn crop is short and price will therefore advance1 that transportation difficulties will materialize1 that an unusual demand will spring up from ,europe for foodstuffs1 that something will happen to send up the price4 ,he is favorable to the promulgation of any kind of news which will help him to sell his corn at a profit4 ,while the ,board of ,trade has regulations against the dissemination of false news1 nevertheless these men at times seem to be able to color the crop news very effectively4 ,situations develop where most of the professional speculators are on one side of the market1 and where they are apparently able to use propaganda to force prices very rapidly either up or down1 at the expense of the amateur speculators4 ,the products most traded in on the ,board of ,trade are wheat1 corn and oats1 and to a lesser extent the cured hog products1 rib sides1 lard1 and mess pork4 ,the smallest units traded in are #e1jjj bushels of grain and #ej1jjj pounds of provisions4 ,in the case of the grains1 the contracts most commonly traded in are contracts for delivery in ,december1 ,may1 ,july and ,september4 ,in the case of the pork products1 the contracts most traded in are contracts for delivery in ,january1 ,may1 ,july and ,september4 ,before the war1 trading in ,december corn customarily opened in the month of ,may4 ,the price of ,december corn as quoted in ,may was necessarily based on the supposition that the ensuing crop would be a normal crop1 neither greater nor less than the average4 ,if there was cold1 wet weather in ,may or ,june1 the price advanced4 ,if the weather was warm and rather dry1 the price declined slightly4 ,however1 as a general proposition1 before the war1 the price held practically steady during the months of ,may and ,june4 ,during ,july and ,august1 however1 corn values on the ,chicago market oscillated back and forth with rainfall and drouth1 registering the changes in marvelously delicate fashion4 ,customarily1 before the war1 it took an average rainfall1 in the seven great corn states1 of about one and a quarter inches during ten days1 to hold the price of ,december corn futures practically stationary4 ,a rainfall of as much as one and three-quarters inches in a ten-day period during ,july and ,august would ordinarily depress the price by several cents a bushel1 whereas a ten-day period with no rainfall at all would customarily advance the price by eight or nine cents a bushel or even more if the temperature was high4 ,anyone who studies these things is surprised at the accuracy with which the market price before the war actually reflected crop conditions as they changed from day to day4 ,since the war1 it has been more difficult to measure the price-making forces4 ,political conditions in ,europe even during the months of ,july and ,august often have had as much influence as the weather in determining the price of corn4 ,the ,board of ,trade has to do with both cash grain and future trading4 ,so far as prices are concerned1 the cash market is supposed to be less sensitive than the market for futures4 ,the business of the future market is to register changing conditions as promptly and accurately as possible4 ,occasionally1 however1 artificial situations develop4 ,for instance1 in a year of a very good corn crop1 a large number of speculators may have sold ,december corn 8short0 at around #a4bj a bushel4 ,at the time of the sale1 they may have had every reason to believe that they could eventually buy the actual grain for less than this price when the month of ,december finally arrived4 ,then gradually transportation difficulties began to grow and bad weather came on1 and altho there might be an enormous crop in the country1 there would be very little corn in ,chicago4 ,then certain other speculators might go to work buying large quantities of ,december corn futures1 knowing that other men were 8short0 a long line of ,december corn at #a4bj4 ,these speculators might not actually want the corn1 but nevertheless1 by playing the technique of the market1 might be able to create a 8squeeze0 and force the price of corn up to #a4ej a bushel before permitting the 8shorts0 to settle4 ,and this might happen in spite of the fact that by ,january #b;d there might be enough actual corn coming into ,chicago to enable cash corn to be sold as low as #a4bj4 ,the object of this book is neither to praise nor condemn the speculative system as a method for registering prices of farm products4 ,we are pointing out the strong points in the present system4 ,idealistic social workers1 representatives of organized labor1 and many farmers1 would like to do away with the speculative system of registering prices4 ,they would like to substitute therefor price-fixing legislation4 ,these people1 as a rule1 are densely ignorant of the legitimate price-making forces1 and it is impossible that they should be able to shape a price-registering machinery superior to that which we now have4#b ,one reason for the writing of this book is the belief that organized farmers and organized labor1 working in conjunction with certain idealists1 will make an effort to modify our present price-registering system4 ,we are heartily in sympathy with such an effort1 for the speculative system is far from perfect4 ,but it is such a delicate system of registering prices that we believe that even the most virulent opponents should allow the system to run unchecked for a good many years yet1 in order that they may study its functions more carefully4 ,here is a great field of research for the economists1 who for some unknown reason have failed to study ,board of ,trade prices during the past fifty years as closely as they should4 ,improvement on our present system can be made only after a thoroly scientific and dispassionate study of its strength and weakness4 ,,three ,,price-,,making ,,forces ,three forces are prominent in making agricultural prices--cost of production1 supply and demand1 and strategic considerations4 ,farmers and laborers believe that cost of production should be the chief consideration4 ,business men preach 8supply and demand0 as the great price-making force1 and in addition use strategic propaganda when it is to their advantage to do so4 ,cost of production in the long run is on the average practically identical with both the supply-and-demand price and the actual price4 ,it is in the very nature of things that those producers who can not on the average get cost of production will go out of business4 ,in the case of the hog business1 it takes about three years for the average man to get in and out4 ,ten years1 which is fully three times the 8in and out0 cycle1 is 8long run0 in the hog business4 ,a ten-year average of actual hog prices should therefore be approximately equal to a ten-year average of the cost-of-production price of hogs4 ,as a matter of fact1 we find that the cost of production1 as shown by the corn-hog ratio1 is practically the same from one decade to the next4 ,decade after decade1 the corn-hog ratio has remained constant at eleven to twelve bushels of ,chicago corn per hundred pounds of ,chicago hog ever since the ,civil war4 ,farm management investigations indicate that for the average farmer this ratio represents approximately cost of production4 ,as a matter of fact1 this ratio is 8cost of production0 in the very truest sense of the term4 ,this ratio represents the reward necessary to keep enough farmers producing hogs to satisfy the consuming demand1 year in and year out4 ,stated thus baldly and simply1 we see how the cost of producing a hundred pounds of hog weight must in the long run average the same as the 8actual0 price and also the 8supply and demand0 price4 ,and yet hogs may sell for a year or so for the value of fifteen bushels of corn1 as they did in #ahff and #aiaj1 or they may sell for a year or so for the value of nine bushels of corn1 as they did in #aijh and #aiag4 ,at any given time1 the cost-of-production price is likely to be decidedly lower or higher than the actual price or the supply-and-demand price4 ,it is only on the average that cost of production becomes identical with the actual price4 ,supply-and-demand price departs from the cost-of-production price at any given time because of such things as unusual weather1 accidents1 etc4 ,dry weather in ,july and ,august may cut the corn crop short1 and as a result temporarily increase the number of hogs marketed4 ,under such conditions1 the packer buyers make no attempt to pay for the hogs the increased price which the higher price of corn would warrant1 but instead buy as cheaply as they can1 quoting in defense1 8supply and demand40 ,a business panic may come on1 as in ,october of #aijg1 and as a result the demand for meats of all kinds may shrink4 ,corn prices1 the cost of producing hogs1 may stay up1 as was the case in #aijg-aijh1 but hog prices nevertheless are reduced4 ,a study of the hog market for many years past reveals the fact that the immediate price-making force is 8supply and demand10 and that 8cost of production0 has no influence whatever on prices except in the long swings4 ,the supply-and-demand theory of prices is well understood by nearly every one4 ,supposedly1 actual prices at any given moment represent an equilibrium of supply and demand4 ,the next day larger supplies come in1 and the demand remains unchanged2 naturally the price declines to a point where supply and demand are again equal4 ,there is a presumption in the minds of many people that supply and demand interact with almost mathematical accuracy to determine prices4 ,in the long run1 possibly this is true4 ,the day-by-day price1 however1 is as much a matter of psychology as mathematics4 ,this brings us to a consideration of those more intangible price forces which may be grouped together under the head of strategy4 ,in ,january and in ,august of #aiai1 we had excellent examples of the use of strategy as a price-making force4 ,in both months1 certain powerful interests worked in conjunction with the newspapers to modify public psychology in the interests of lower prices4 ,day after day1 the lower price bombardment was directed against the farmers by the daily press and the politicians4 ,prices declined in spite of the fact that the supply was greatly curtailed and the potential demand was as great as ever4 ,in the corn market1 receipts were exceedingly light at ,chicago during both price raids4 ,hog receipts in ,august of #aiai1 when prices dropped #e per hundredweight1 were the smallest of the year4 ,but government officials constantly talked about the vast army supply of bacon4 ,as a matter of fact1 the quantity of pork products put on the market by the government was not enough to account for much of a drop in hog prices4 ,but the publicity which went with the government announcements1 combined with determined pressure on the speculative markets in this country and abroad1 sufficed to lower prices tremendously in defiance of any mathematical expression of supply and demand4 ,illustration3 ,solid line shows exports from ,u4 ,s4 ,dotted line1 ocean freights from ,new ,york to ,liverpool4 ,ocean freights are low in summer when exports are low1 and high in the fall when exports are heavy4 ,there is a strategy to the timing of a determined price drive4 ,all farmers know that such a drive may be expected in the fall of the year4 ,a drive in the fall is partly normal as a result of the increased supply at that time1 but oftentimes strategic4 ,in the fall of #ahfe1 following the ,civil war1 there was a determined price drive1 roughly corresponding to the price drive initiated in ,august of #aiai4 ,in both cases1 strategic factors were apparently paramount4 ,certainly1 no mathematical formulation of the law of supply and demand could account for the price changes which took place in #ahfe and #aiai4 ,illustration3 ,solid line1 ,u4 ,s4 exports2 dotted line1 ,british exchange in ,u4 ,s4 ,dotted line is inverted to show how heavy exports and weak exchange go together4 ,chart is based on #aijc-aiac conditions4 ,farmers have discovered since #aiad that such disturbances as foot-and-mouth disease1 interrupted railroad service1 and falling foreign exchange may influence prices without changing either potential supply or potential demand4 ,they have suspected the 8interests0 of manipulating foreign exchange in the fall of the year to make lower price for farm products4 ,they have known that ocean freights have generally advanced in the fall of the year1 to the detriment of farm product prices in the ,united ,states1 and they have suspected that part of this advance in ocean freight rates was due to ,england trying to get a large return on her shipping and at the same time buy her food more cheaply4 ,the two charts presented herewith indicate the normal seasonal trends1 during the decade preceding the war1 of exports from the ,united ,states as related to ,british exchange1 and to ocean freights from ,new ,york to ,liverpool4 ,it will be noted that ,united ,states prices must necessarily be weakened in the fall of the year by weak ,british exchange and high ocean freights4 ,the speculative price as set from day to day is sometimes a result of technical situations altogether apart from supply and demand4 ,ordinarily1 the speculative price as represented by 8futures0 and the cash price move in sympathy1 but occasionally a scared 8short0 finds the market oversold and bids up prices unduly in an effort to cover1 or a tired 8long0 finds the market overbought and sends prices down unduly in an effort to sell4 ,and occasionally there is manipulation--interests working together to make the price temporarily higher or lower than a normal working of supply and demand would justify4 ,sometimes the cash markets1 following the lead of the speculative markets1 may get out of line with ultimate supply-and-demand conditions for several months at a time4 ,,criticism ,,of ,,our ,,price-,,making ,,system ,prices of corn1 hogs1 etc41 are determined chiefly by supply and demand1 together with the occasional influence of strategic manipulation4 ,the system as operated by the packers and ,board of ,trade speculators really reflected conditions before the war with remarkable accuracy4 ,during the war1 so many extraordinary conditions were at work that it was impossible to measure supply-and-demand conditions at all accurately1 and it is impossible to say how efficiently the speculators did their work4 ,but speculators and packers1 in so far as they set prices1 are concerned solely in making a profit for themselves4 ,if1 by manipulating the market1 they can make a bigger profit than by trying to express supply-and-demand conditions with mathematical exactitude1 then they may be expected to manipulate4 ,the violence with which hog prices swing above and below cost of production would suggest that the packers are consciously endeavoring to send prices too low for a year or two1 in order later to send them too high4 ,they go into the low-price period with a small amount of high-priced products on hand1 and come out into the higher level with a large quantity of low-price products4 ,it would seem that by laying in a stock of hog products at the low point1 they hope to profit later by an advance in price4 ,it is typical of supply and demand1 as it makes prices of standard farm products1 that a small crop sells for more than a large crop4 ,a twenty per cent decrease in the supply raises the price more than twenty per cent1 possibly thirty per cent1 or even fifty per cent4 ,old ,gregory ,king1 in the latter part of the ,seventeenth century1 recognized this principle when he stated3 8,we take it a defect in the harvest may raise the price of corn wheat in the following proportions3 ,defect4 ,above the common rate4 #a tenth raises the price #c tenths #b tenths raises the price #h tenths #c tenths raises the price #af tenths #d tenths raises the price #bh tenths ,modern statistical study indicates that this statement of ,king's is somewhat exaggerated1 but undeniably the tendency exists among standard agricultural products for small crops to bring in a greater return than large crops4 ,in other words1 the demand for farm products is inelastic4 ,the ultimate consumer wants just so much of staple foods1 no more1 no less4 ,if farmers raise more than so much1 they must accept a considerable reduction in price2 if they raise less1 they can command an advance out of all proportion to the shortage4 ,the law of demand for staple farm products being inelastic1 small crops bring in a greater return than large crops4#c ,the classical economists1 the people of laissez faire persuasion1 accept this condition as natural1 as inevitable1 and therefore desirable4 ,but is it desirable8 ,the sharp price rise which comes as a shortage becomes apparent benefits those lucky producers who have supplies on hand1 and especially those keen speculators who first saw the oncoming shortage and bought in anticipation4 ,this sharp price rise may overstimulate production4 ,the high hog prices in #aiji-aiaj stimulated the production of too many hogs1 and when this increased production reached market1 the price was #f4ej instead of the expected #h to #aj4 ,and the low prices of #aiaa-aiab in turn begat the high prices of #aiac-aiad4 ,the question comes1 ,would it not be to the public interest if1 in price making1 more emphasis could be placed on cost of production and less on the short-time working of the law of supply and demand8 ,prices should rise with a short crop1 but not to such an extent as to make a short crop more profitable than a normal crop4 ,if a moderate rise in prices will not sufficiently curtail demand1 then the public should be educated to the fact that there has been a drouth1 and that unless they curtail their demand1 there will not be enough to go around4 ,of course1 under our present laissez faire attitude1 every speculative business man would take such a pronouncement as a 8bull0 statement1 and the demand would immediately increase instead of decrease4 ,there is danger that any attempt to make cost of production the guiding factor in price determination will amount to close government supervision of storage1 speculation and similar market phenomena4 ,the disadvantages of government supervision are apparent to all who watched the ,food ,administration at work during the war4 ,the ,food ,administration performed a hard job remarkably well1 but farmers found that the officials were ignorant of agriculture1 and that1 moreover1 agricultural interests could not expect a square deal except in so far as they were organized to compel a square deal1 or except as the emergency itself compelled a square deal to insure continued production4 ,if farmers are to continue under the present laissez faire system with supply and demand1 together with strategic manipulations1 as the price-making force1 they must necessarily learn to play the game themselves4 ,they will find it necessary to practice sabotage in the same scientific1 businesslike way as labor and capital4 ,they will reduce the size of their crops at strategic moments1 because they know that small crops ordinarily bring in a greater return than large crops4 ,of course1 if farmers should practice sabotage in the same heartless1 efficient way as labor and capital1 our society will be imperiled4 ,the burden of the sabotage practiced by labor and capital has been borne chiefly by the farmer4 ,when farmers also practice sabotage1 labor and capital will be forced to come to an agreement with farmers on production and price matters4 ,is there not a possibility that capital1 laborers and farmers1 by placing themselves in equally powerful bargaining positions1 may come to see the futility of sabotage as a price-sustaining force8 ,once farmers are able to meet the other classes of society on equal terms1 all three classes ought to unite on production as the source of profit1 rather than on clever bargaining4 ,this involves close-knit organizations of both farmers and laborers under the leadership of men well educated in general economics1 in strategic bargaining1 and in production4 ,there must be men studying the system as a whole1 men who perceive the legitimate physical difficulties which our society faces4 ,the labor leaders must come to see that there is a point beyond which labor can not go in raising wages and reducing hours4 ,farm leaders must come to see that there is a point beyond which farmers can not go in reducing acreage and raising prices4 ,business leaders must come to see that the common people will not stand for curtailment of production to two-thirds factory capacity in order to secure abnormal profits1 when by running the factories to full capacity the business will give normal profits4 ,the best brains of all classes must unite in overcoming legitimate physical handicaps1 not in figuring out ways in which a specific class may benefit at the expense of other classes4 ,in the meantime1 farmers must learn to use sagacious sabotage as effectively as labor and capital4 ,otherwise they will continue to be at the mercy of capital and labor4 ,what is the best means of overcoming the food shortage resulting from drouth8 ,laissez faire economists and business men say3 ,let high prices curtail demand and stimulate production4 ,but this remedy is 8locking the stable after the horse is stolen40 ,is it practical to build government warehouses to store wheat in years when the acre yield is more than fifteen bushels1 and from which wheat may be drawn in years when the yield is less than thirteen bushels8 ,no scheme of this sort can be definitely laid out in advance4 ,but statistical science will soon reach a point where it should be possible to meet our physical handicaps in the way of drouth1 floods and accident1 in the spirit of doing what is best for society1 instead of utilizing the crisis for individual or class profit4 ,if we are to continue our present complex society1 we must educate our children very thoroly in social mathematics4 ,our problems are not only problems of the spirit1 but also of exact measurement4 ,what is the fair price for bacon8 ,this involves the cost-of-production idea4 ,is bacon relatively lower or higher than hogs8 ,are hogs relatively lower or higher than corn8 ,is there a normal supply in the country8 ,if bacon were lower in price1 would the future supply be imperiled8 ,would an injustice be done to farmers8 ,if bacon were higher in price1 would an undue profit accrue to the packers1 or would the farmers be stimulated to produce too many hogs a year from now8 ,possibly it will be wise for the government to provide funds to finance a ,price ,publicity ,committee1 to be made up of economists appointed by our state universities and agricultural colleges4 ,the duty of this commission would be to make public week by week the relevant price facts4 ,they would point out which products are relatively high and which are relatively low1 and issue index numbers of various kinds1 in an endeavor to educate the public to fundamental price facts4 ,the object of such a ,price ,publicity ,committee will be to furnish such constant publicity that it will be difficult for any product to sell for any length of time either above or below cost of production4 ,and in saying this we define cost-of-production price as that price which is necessary in the long run to keep enough producers in the business to satisfy the demand4 ,it is believed that adequate publicity will favor the prevailing of the long run cost-of-production price as opposed to the short run supply-and-demand price4 ,men in whom the laborers of the country have faith should have an intimate1 statistical knowledge of the supply and demand forces as they make prices and as they make for the prosperity of laborers and society as a whole4 ,men in whom farmers have faith should have an intimate1 statistical knowledge of labor and business problems in order that they may know approximately when labor and business are charging fair prices for their services4 ,business men already have a fair statistical knowledge of farming and labor conditions1 but they need an even more intimate knowledge1 as well as a change of heart4 ,they must learn to operate their businesses from the standpoint of greatest service and a fair profit1 not from the standpoint of greatest profit4 ,those businesses which do not learn this may expect to be taken over either by the government1 organized labor1 or organized farmers1 if not in one way1 then in another4 ,,supply ,,and ,,demand ,both farmers and city consumers have expressed much dissatisfaction in recent years with the methods of price determination as used by the boards of trade and packing houses4 ,the representatives of the boards of trade and packing houses have answered these complaints with the simple formula1 8supply and demand40 ,during the war1 many people announced that prices in the ,united ,states were no longer the result of supply and demand4 ,for a period of two and a half years1 wheat prices were held at approximately #b4bj a bushel1 in spite of the fact that both supply and demand conditions were varying constantly during this period1 and in spite of the fact that under supply-and-demand conditions as they ordinarily work1 prices might have been expected to have gone as high as #d and as low as #a4ej1 at different times during this period of two and one-half years4 ,social workers and others of idealistic temperament who have always been pained with the rather heartless way in which the law of supply and demand has worked1 were much pleased with the stabilized wheat price1 and referred to it as an instance of the repeal of the law of supply and demand4 ,of course1 the law of supply and demand never has been repealed1 and never will be repealed4 ,instead of trying to repeal it1 we should try to secure the best type of price-fixing machinery thru which this law may work4 ,man has not repealed the law of gravitation1 but has devised such machines as automobiles1 airplanes1 etc41 thru which he accomplishes his purposes notwithstanding4 ,our city friends who favor government attempts to repeal the law of supply and demand and to fix uniform and relatively cheap prices should direct their efforts toward the search for a new price-fixing machinery4 ,for arbitrary interference with this law invariably brings penalties in the form of conditions which often are more severe than the condition which it was hoped to improve4 ,what we should strive for rather is a better understanding of the law of supply and demand1 in the hope that we may be able to modify the severity of its operation and thus avoid periods of feast and famine1 with their unreasonably low prices and unreasonably high prices4 ,thousands of men in the corn belt1 especially the leaders of the organized farmers1 should be familiar with the normal1 mathematical working of the law of supply and demand4 ,they should know not only when prices are lower than warranted by the supply1 but just how much too low4 ,exact measurement is necessary in order to perceive when unusual factors are at work4 ,the price indicated by a mathematical interpretation of supply and demand may be #a4be for corn1 whereas the actual price1 because of a purely speculative drive1 may be only #a4 ,it is wise to measure prices to some extent by purely mathematical considerations1 in order that we may perceive more clearly when extraordinary forces are at work4 ,after having arrived at a price based on a mathematical interpretation of supply and demand1 the problem is to determine to what extent extraordinary forces are at work and to what extent it may be worth while to combat them by extraordinary measures4 ,if corn is #ae cents a bushel below the mathematically justified price1 will it be advisable for farmers generally to hold their corn and cause a shortage at the terminal markets8 ,will it be advisable to put out newspaper propaganda showing the public how the market price of corn is below cost of production1 or put on an advertising campaign to increase the demand8 ,these matters of larger policy are mostly outside the field of mathematics4 ,they are largely matters of strategy4 ,how much bargaining force do the farmers represent8 ,to what extent will they follow directions8 ,at what season of the year is it best to strike8 ,generally speaking1 a farmers' drive for higher prices would best begin about ,january #ast1 and should reach its greatest intensity about ,march #ast4 ,after ,march #ast1 seasonal scarcity begins1 and no further propaganda is needed4 ,a consumers' drive for lower prices best begins about ,august #aeth1 and reaches its greatest intensity about ,october #aeth4 ,after ,october #aeth the seasonal surplus1 especially of corn and hogs1 begins1 and there is no further need for consumers to bring artificial propaganda to bear4 ,it is interesting to note in this connection that the 8bear0 campaign engineered by the governments of the world in #aiai began in late ,july and continued until about ,october #aeth1 at which time the weight of the season's marketings was sufficient to hold prices down without additional use of newspaper space4 ,after a mathematical study of prices1 the leaders of farm organizations1 in so far as they attempt to influence prices1 must consider the state of the export trade1 rate of foreign exchange1 ocean freights1 world crop conditions1 business conditions at home and abroad1 and1 in fact1 all the factors which the trained speculators take into account on the ,board of ,trade4 ,they must take all of these things into account1 and yet be able on occasion to act decisively4 ,they must learn to play the game in the same fashion as a skillful whist player4 ,they must not 8overbid0 their hand1 but bid its full worth1 and they must take all the tricks they can4 ,to have even a fair chance of success in an effort of this sort1 farmers must set up a very strong statistical organization1 in charge of a highly competent staff of thoroly trustworthy experts4 ,for farmers themselves have neither the time nor the opportunity to secure the training necessary to enable them to acquire and assimilate the information needed4 ,,can 8,,price0 ,,make 8,,supply ,,and ,,demand08 ,dissatisfied farmers and city consumers have been told often that 8supply and demand0 makes the price4 ,economists have backed up the ,board of ,trade people and the packers in making this assertion4 ,but is it not almost equally true to say that 8price0 makes the 8supply and demand08 ,is it not possible to set a price which1 as can be demonstrated mathematically1 is out of line with the present supply and demand1 and thru this price to create new and unexpected supply-and-demand conditions8 ,it is conceivable1 for example1 that oleomargarine might be sold for several years at a price below that warranted by supply and demand and equally below a price warranted by cost of production4 ,it is conceivable that the abnormally low price1 without reducing the supply1 would increase the demand and result in the formation of the oleomargarine habit among millions of people4 ,and it is equally conceivable that later on the price of oleomargarine might be increased more nearly to a parity with butter1 and that the oleomargarine eating public might continue the oleomargarine1 even tho it was underselling butter by only #aj cents a pound1 instead of the #ae cents a pound differential which was existing when the habit was formed4 ,a low price may be used to create a demand1 which will continue even after the low price no longer exists4 ,in like manner1 a low price may be used to curtail the supply of the competing article4 ,in the illustration1 an artificially low price for oleomargarine might reduce the demand for butter1 thereby reducing the supply1 and increase the demand for oleomargarine1 and this situation of a reduced supply of butter and an increased supply of oleomargarine might continue1 even tho the price of oleomargarine were later raised to its customary relationship with butter4 ,price may act as a cause and 8supply and demand0 may be a result4 ,in open1 competitive markets1 8supply and demand0 generally comes first and price follows after4 ,before the war1 for instance1 the dominating factor in the corn market was the supply of corn1 and during the months of ,july and ,august1 when the new corn crop was being made1 the price of corn varied with almost mathematical accuracy with the rainfall and temperature which were making the new corn crop4 ,the demand for corn was a fairly constant factor4 ,the supply of corn was the price-making force4 ,since the war1 corn prices have not been the result of 8supply and demand0 in the sense that they were before the war4 ,during #aiai1 price often came first in the corn market1 and supply and demand followed afterward4 ,for example1 in ,january and ,february1 #aiai1 corn prices broke #bj cents a bushel1 in spite of the fact that receipts at central markets were decidedly below their customary level4 ,influential people had postulated the theory that the war was over1 and that supply and demand1 if given an opportunity1 would operate to bring about a lower price level4 ,they set a lower price level1 but supply and demand refused to operate on the new level4 ,the lower corn prices which prevailed during the spring of #aiai1 however1 probably had a very material effect on the acreage planted4 ,at any rate1 there was about four per cent less corn planted in #aiai than in #aiah4 ,according to the customary view1 when the supply is smaller than usual1 the price should be greater than usual1 and vice versa4 ,in the hog market this does not necessarily hold true4 ,in ,november of #aijg1 hog prices were dropped with a terrific jerk1 as a result of certain unusual conditions4 ,the drop was so great that farmers refused to market their hogs1 and receipts of hogs in ,november of #aijg were about one-third smaller than in the ordinary ,november4 ,the price of hogs was lower than customary by about one-fourth1 and the supply of hogs marketed was less by about one-third4 ,a similar situation prevailed in ,august of #aiai4 ,prices dropped about #e per hundredweight1 or faster than ever before in history4 ,receipts also dropped1 and much fewer hogs were received than in the ordinary ,august4 ,in both #aijg and #aiai1 the packers figured that the business world was so upset that to be on the safe side they would best buy their hogs cheaper than they had been buying them4 ,farmers were slow to realize just how great the disturbances had been in the business world1 and failed to understand that in a situation of this sort the packers could put thru their program for lower prices1 in spite of reduced hog receipts for a month or two4 ,it is in the very nature of things that the packers can outlast the farmers at such a game4 ,the packers know more accurately than the farmers the supply-and-demand conditions1 and they know that after a hog reaches two hundred pounds1 it is only a question of weeks till the farmer will let him go1 no matter what the price4 ,it will take an extraordinarily able farmers' organization to beat the packers at this game1 an organization which holds as its trump card 8ultimate supply and demand40 ,prices may make supply and demand1 and supply and demand may make prices4 ,first one has the lead1 and then the other2 they are constantly acting and reacting4 ,before the war1 the relationship in some commodities might be expressed with almost mathematical exactness1 but there were constant little departures4 ,since the war prices have much more often taken the initiative than they did before the war4 ,the result1 of course1 is a more violently fluctuating condition of both supply and demand4 ,the problem which farmers and city consumers should put to the ,board of ,trade people and the packers is3 ,what are you doing to place prices at a point which will result in a more uniform supply and a more uniform demand8 ,,cost ,,of ,,production ,the common man prefers to approach the question of price not from the standpoint of supply and demand1 but from the standpoint of cost of production4 ,the laboring man says that he has no quarrel with the farmer1 that in fact he is glad to pay the farmer what it costs him to produce food4 ,most people take it for granted that the just price is cost of production4 ,in ,july of #aiag1 ,president ,wilson gave his scholarly definition of a just price3 8,by a just price ,i mean a price which will sustain the industries concerned in a high state of efficiency1 provide a living for those who conduct them1 enable them to pay good wages and make possible the expansion of their enterprises which will1 from time to time1 become necessary1 as the stupendous undertaking of this great war develops40 ,the idea of a just price1 covering cost of production and reasonable profit1 is considerably different from market price or supply-and-demand price4 ,the market price typically alternates considerably above and considerably below the production cost of the bulk of the people engaged in the enterprise4 ,for instance1 when prices go up and profits become larger1 new people are attracted into the business and production is increased until finally there is more supply than there is demand1 and then prices have to go down and profits become losses1 and the people who can not produce except at the high prices must go out of business4 ,both the farming world and the business world are composed of a great many different men1 each of whom is chasing a profit in his own way4 ,many of these men are very short-sighted and are lured into an apparently profitable business just at the wrong time1 and in like manner become discouraged with an apparently unprofitable business at just the wrong time4 ,under the competitive regime1 it is apparent to any thoughtful business man that both in business and in farming the market price or supply-and-demand price is almost never the same as cost of production1 but fluctuates in rather rhythmical manner1 now above and then below cost of production1 tending to equal almost exactly1 over any long period of years1 true production cost4 ,under the market price or supply-and-demand price system as it has prevailed1 the constant tendency is for the wealthier people1 both among farmers and among business men1 to increase their wealth at the expense of the poorer people4 ,poor people who embark in general business or in farming1 no matter how intelligent1 are likely to go into and come out of any particular enterprise at just the wrong time4 ,the average man who is moderately well fixed and stays by a particular enterprise year in and year out1 manages to secure for himself just a little better than ordinary wages4 ,the man who is wealthy and expands his operations just as prices are starting up1 and reduces operations just as prices are starting down1 secures large profits4 ,the fluctuating price system1 which means great profits to a wealthy few1 serious losses and wrecked lives for a few1 and a bare livelihood for many1 is the natural result of the laissez faire policy of the old classical economists4 ,their idea was to let things alone1 on the theory that1 let alone1 prices would sooner or later adjust themselves to the proper point4 ,in practice1 prices almost never reach a proper point1 but are constantly moving either above or below cost of production4 ,one hundred years of laissez faire policy have demonstrated beyond a doubt that under such a system the wealthy few inevitably become richer1 whereas the bulk of the people get just enough to keep them going4 ,the laissez faire1 supply and demand1 speculative1 or market price system1 is condemned by nearly every one except the business men who run it and believe they understand its beneficent workings1 and the economists of the classical type who1 in their careful reasoning1 are unable to think of any other way of determining satisfactory prices over any period of time4 ,the common people and the lofty idealists were greatly elated during #aiag and #aiah at the apparently successful working of fixed prices established more or less in defiance of the speculative or laissez faire price system4 ,those who have given the most thought to price fixing advocate as a guide 8cost of production plus a reasonable profit40 ,but what is cost of production8 ,even in industries so well controlled by man as coal mining1 where the weather does not enter in1 there are some mines that can produce a ton of coal for two or three dollars1 while other mines can not produce a ton of coal for less than six or seven dollars4 ,the ,north ,dakota wheat farmer1 in a year of rust1 may produce wheat at a cost of four or five dollars a bushel1 whereas the ,kansas farmer the same year may produce wheat at a cost of only a dollar or a dollar and a half per bushel4 ,shall both the ,dakota farmer and the ,kansas farmer be paid cost of production plus a reasonable profit for their wheat8 ,from this standpoint we see that there is no such thing as a standard cost of production4 ,a single producer may be able to determine his personal cost of production of a given quantity under a given set of conditions4 ,but in the general sense1 as it is commonly thought of1 cost of production is a will-o'-the-wisp1 a creature that seems to exist but really does not4 ,nevertheless1 there is a rough-and-ready method of determining cost of production or just price as distinguished from laissez faire or supply-and-demand price4 ,we refer to the ratio method of price determination4 ,over a long series of years1 cost of production plus a reasonable profit is roughly expressed by the relationship which exists between a raw product and the finished product4 ,in rough form it may be most easily grasped in the case of corn and hogs4 ,over any long period of years1 hogs sell on the ,chicago market at a price per hundredweight equal to the ,chicago price of #aa4e bushels of corn4 ,when hogs have sold for fourteen bushels of corn1 they have sold for more than cost of production plus a reasonable profit1 while1 on the other hand1 when they have sold for nine bushels of corn1 they have sold for less than cost of production plus a reasonable profit4 ,all this is not saying that certain producers have not been able to make a profit when hogs have sold for nine bushels of corn4 ,neither is it saying that certain producers may not have been selling at a loss when hogs sold for as much as fourteen bushels of corn4 ,it is simply saying that it has required the pulling power of a price for hogs which is equal to the price of #aa4e bushels of corn to keep enough men in the hog business year in and year out to supply the demand of this country for hog products during the past sixty years4 ,this is what we mean by the ratio method of price determination4 ,it is the only practical method of determining cost of production in such a business as farming1 where there are millions of producers working under a variety of conditions4 ,we have the greatest respect for the old laissez faire or speculative method of price determination4 ,it worked very nicely under competitive conditions1 such as existed before the war4 ,no one knows as to whether or not times now are right for adopting a different machinery thru which the law of supply and demand may work4 ,we offer the ratio method as a method which is probably better adapted to a thoroly democratized co-operative society than the old-fashioned laissez faire method1 which was adapted primarily to a competitive society4 ,the spirit of the ratio method is highly technical4 ,the examples given in this book must necessarily be simple4 ,but in actual practice1 the ratio method would necessarily become quite technical1 requiring for its administration highly specialized statisticians4 ,at the present time very few men are available for work of this sort4 ,the ordinary man who tries to fix prices by the ratio method is biased by either personal or class interests4 ,a notable example of this was the ,chicago ,milk ,commission1 composed of leading citizens of the state of ,illinois1 which sat from ,december1 #aiag1 to ,february1 #aiah1 and finally offered as a method of milk price determination the ratio method4 ,the majority of the members of this ,milk ,commission were city people1 and on that account1 consciously or unconsciously1 they twisted the ratio method so as to bring about a low price for milk4 ,if the majority of the commission had been farmers1 they could have twisted the ratio method to bring about a much higher price for milk4 ,but there are now1 and in the future will be more1 men properly trained in the weighting of agricultural index numbers1 who can look into matters of this sort with a scientific nicety and determine prices by the ratio method with the greatest accuracy1 by which we mean the minimum of bias toward either producer or consumer4 ,it is our intention in this book to indicate ways of securing ratio prices for various agricultural products4 ,the methods outlined in succeeding chapters are definite and exact2 we grant1 however1 that they may be made more comprehensive and be further refined so as to cover their respective fields in more effective fashion4 ,,ratio ,,method ,,of ,,determining ,,cost ,,of ,,producing ,,hogs ,the ratio method of price determination was first publicly recognized in the ,united ,states by the ,food ,administration1 in ,november of #aiag4 ,a commission of seven swine men had been appointed by the ,food ,administration to determine the cost of producing hogs1 and in submitting their report the commission adopted practically without change the ratio method of price determination as advocated in ,wallaces' ,farmer during the summer and fall of #aiag4 ,the commission1 composed of expert swine men from all over the ,united ,states1 after a careful technical survey of the situation and consideration of the figures submitted by the author1 came to the conclusion that the ratio method actually expressed cost of production more simply and accurately than any other method4 ,in its simplest form1 the hog producer of fifty years ago grasped the ratio idea4 ,without any statistical investigation1 the swine growers of those days came to the conclusion that they could make money when they sold their hogs for a value per hundredweight of more than the value of ten bushels of corn4 ,for a generation or two1 hog men looked on a ratio of ten bushels of corn to one hundred pounds of hog flesh as about right1 altho they felt that such a ratio might not cover risk4 ,from an exact statistical standpoint1 take the ten-year period extending from #aijg to #aiaf1 inclusive4 ,during that time ,no4 #b ,chicago corn averaged #ff4c cents a bushel1 whereas hogs averaged #g4ec per hundredweight4 ,the ratio for that particular ten-year period was #aa4d bushels of ,chicago ,no4 #b corn to equal in value one hundred pounds of ,chicago hog flesh4 ,how uniform is this ratio between corn and hogs from decade to decade may be judged from the following table1 which gives the ratios as they have prevailed year by year for the past sixty years1 and the average by decades4 ,the second column shows the number of bushels of corn required each year to equal in value one hundred pounds of live hog3 #aheh-ahfg4 #aheh #h4g #ahei #g4a #ahfj #ab4d #ahfa #ad4j #ahfb #aj4j #ahfc #g4j #ahfh-ahgg4 #ahfh #i4e #ahfi #ad4j #ahgj #aa4i #ahga #aj4b #ahgb #aa4a #ahgc #ab4c #ahfd #g4c #ahfe #af4c #ahff #af4b #ahfg #g4b -------- ,ten-year average #aj4f #ahgd #h4i #ahge #aa4h #ahgf #ae4c #ahgg #aa4e -------- ,ten-year average #aa4g #ahgh-ahhg4 #ahgh #i4g #ahgi #aj4c #ahhj #ab4c #ahha #ab4a #ahhb #aj4i #ahhc #aa4c #ahhd #aj4e #ahhe #i4g #ahhf #aa4a #ahhg #ab4d -------- ,ten-year average #aa4j #ahhh-ahig4 #ahhh #ab4c #ahhi #ab4e #ahij #i4i #ahia #g4d #ahib #aa4h #ahic #af4e #ahid #aa4f #ahie #aj4h #ahif #aj4g #ahig #ad4b -------- ,ten-year average #aa4h #ahih-aijg4 #ahih #ad4f #ahii #ab4j #aijj #ac4b #aija #aa4h #aijb #aa4f #aijc #ac4j #aijd #aj4b #aije #aj4d #aijf #ac4d #aijg #aa4d -------- ,ten-year average #ab4b #aijh-aiag4 #aijh #h4d #aiji #aa4c #aiaj #ae4b #aiaa #aa4b #aiab #aj4i #aiac #ac4b #aiad #aa4g #aiae #i4f #aiaf #aa4e #aiag #i4g -------- ,ten-year average #aa4c ,to refine the method to meet market conditions1 we need to know the ratio between corn and hogs at different seasons of the year4 ,there are seasonal periods of over-supply and scarcity of both corn and hogs4 ,in ,november1 for instance1 the #aijg-aiaf price of corn was #fg4b cents and the price of hogs #g4bc1 or a ratio of #aj4f bushels to one hundred pounds of hog flesh1 while in ,march of the ten-year period the average price of corn was #fa4g cents and the price of hogs #g4ff1 or a ratio of #ab4d bushels of corn for one hundred pounds of hog flesh4 ,in like manner1 there is a fairly normal ratio for each month of the year and for each week of the year4 ,all this is on the assumption that hogs are simply condensed corn4 ,it does not take into account the fact that hogs have been made out of corn at varying values during a period of about a year preceding time of marketing4 ,obviously1 then1 we must have a composite corn value4 ,in matters of this sort1 statisticians know that it is absolutely impossible to weight matters so as to represent actual conditions1 but at the same time they know that absolute accuracy is not at all essential1 that in fact a difference in weighting will ordinarily make very little difference in results4 ,while the author personally recommended to the commission appointed by the ,food ,administration to investigate cost of producing hogs1 a slightly different weighting1 yet nevertheless we will use here the weighting recommended by that committee4 ,the committee assumed that the corn going into the making of a hog was distributed over twelve months2 that during the first month #b per cent of this corn went into the hog or its dam2 the second month1 #b per cent2 third month1 #b per cent2 fourth month1 #c per cent2 fifth month1 #d per cent2 sixth month1 #f per cent2 seventh month1 #e per cent2 eighth month1 #i per cent2 ninth month1 #ae per cent2 tenth month1 #bj per cent2 eleventh month1 #ag per cent1 and twelfth month1 #ae per cent4 ,securing composite corn values by this kind of weighting1 we find that as an average of the ten-year period1 #aijg-aiaf1 the ,january ratio was #aa bushels2 ,february1 #aa4f bushels2 ,march1 #ab4d bushels2 ,april1 #ab4g bushels2 ,may1 #ab4c bushels2 ,june1 #ab4a bushels2 ,july1 #ab bushels2 ,august1 #aa4h bushels2 ,september1 #aa4h bushels2 ,october1 #aa4c bushels2 ,november1 #aj4f bushels1 and ,december1 #aj4d bushels4 ,illustration3 ,illustrating the departure of actual ,chicago hog prices from the ten-year standard ratio1 corrected seasonally4 ,for sake of example1 determine cost of producing hogs for the ,chicago market for the month of ,april1 #aiah4 ,corn values month by month1 beginning ,april1 #aiag1 were as follows3 #add4i cents1 #afc4i cents1 #agj4g cents1 #bjj cents1 #aig4b cents1 #bjh4f cents1 #aii4b cents1 #bja cents1 #agc4b cents1 #ahj4f cents1 #agd4e cents1 and #agb4c cents4 ,weighting these on the basis indicated1 we get a composite value of corn of #ahb4e cents4 ,the historical ratio for the month of ,april is #ab4g bushels of such composite corn4 ,multiply #ahb4e cents by #ab4g1 and we secure #bc4ah as the cost of producing hogs for the ,chicago market in ,april of #aiah1 under the ten-year ratio method4 ,the actual price was #ag4de1 or a loss of #e4gc per hundredweight4 ,the chart which is published herewith illustrates graphically results secured in the same manner for every month during the ten-year period beginning #aijg4 ,ordinarily1 ,chicago ,no4 #b corn measures very accurately the changes in corn value on the farm1 the corn out of which hogs are actually made4 ,during part of the winter of #aiag-aiah1 ,chicago ,no4 #b corn ceased to be quite such an accurate measure as usual1 for the reason that the quality of the crop was so poor that only a small amount of corn graded ,no4 #b1 and for the further reason that there were severe transportation difficulties4 ,some people have urged not using ,chicago ,no4 #b corn values1 but corn values on farms as reported to the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture1 monthly1 by crop reporters4 ,this price is no doubt compiled with considerable accuracy1 but is open to objection for the reason that it does not represent a uniform grade4 ,in soft corn years1 a bushel of corn as valued by crop reporters on farms is poor stuff4 ,in such years1 there is always a wider spread between the farm value of corn and the ,chicago ,no4 #b value than in years when the quality is good4 ,it might do fairly well to take farm values of corn and farm values of hogs if definite grades could be established4 ,if they can not be1 it is probably best to take ,chicago values of ,no4 #b corn and heavy hogs as a basis1 making allowance occasionally when exceptional conditions arise in the way of artificial prices temporarily created by transportation difficulties1 and remembering always that the true point at issue is to apply a ratio between certain grades of actual feed on the one hand and a certain grade of hogs on the other4 ,this is a technical matter which really can not be decided by lawyers or business men1 however competent such men may be to run a food administration or a department of agriculture1 or by farmers1 however competent such men may be to feed hogs4 ,it is a matter which must be handled by men who understand markets and who have had sufficient economic training so that they understand a little something of the making of index numbers1 and who have had sufficient touch with agricultural conditions so that they understand a little something of the technique of feeding hogs4 ,soon after the report of the commission on cost of producing hogs1 the ,food ,administration announced among other things that it would do its best to pay hog producers1 for a hundred pounds of hog flesh1 the equivalent of thirteen bushels of the corn which went into these hogs1 the ratio system to apply to hogs farrowed in the spring of #aiah4 ,it was expected that there would be an urgent need for hog products during #aiai1 and it has generally been regarded that this announcement of the ,food ,administration was wise4 ,the thirteen-bushel ratio was #ac per cent over the historic ratio1 and encouraged the transforming of a larger amount of corn into hogs than usual4 ,when it came to putting the thirteen-bushel ratio into effect1 in the fall and winter of #aiah-aiai1 the ,food ,administration did all in its power to squirm out of living up to its guarantee4 ,first1 the effort was made1 in the month of ,september1 #aiah1 to make it appear that the thirteen-bushel ratio was based on a ratio between farm corn prices and ,chicago hog prices1 in spite of the fact that the pamphlets originally issued by the ,food ,administration to farmers of the corn belt in ,november of #aiag explained the ratio on a basis of ,chicago corn prices and ,chicago hog prices4 ,by using farm corn prices1 the ,food ,administration secured a figure of about #b4ej per hundredweight lower than if the thirteen-bushel ratio had been applied literally as described in the original pamphlets4 ,the ,food ,administration1 however1 claimed that it could not live up to its original guarantee1 because the export prices of pork would not justify it4 ,in this respect1 it is interesting to note that in ,august of #aiah1 just before the ,food ,administration took up this matter of carrying out its thirteen-bushel guarantee1 ,great ,britain reduced its maximum price on ,american bacon by about #ab per hundredweight4 ,it is also interesting to note that the ,british ,food ,administration was making money on its handling of pork products1 altho it was losing money on its wheat4 ,those ,american producers who were most familiar with the situation believed that there was a concerted effort by the ,american and ,british food administrations to buy the large ,american hog crop1 which had been secured by the thirteen-bushel guarantee1 as cheaply as possible1 avoiding its guarantee with such chicanery and deceit as an experienced business man knows how to use in case of emergency4 ,the committee of some fifteen men1 supposedly representing the ,american hog producers1 which met with the ,united ,states ,food ,administration in this matter1 were not well educated along statistical or economic lines1 and they went down to defeat in ,september1 #aiah1 scarcely realizing just what the ,food ,administration had done to them4 ,only two members of this committee had served on the original commission1 and it was impossible for them to give the other members a full comprehension of what the ratio meant4 ,when the facts became known1 widespread indignation among the farmers of the corn belt compelled the ,food ,administration to abandon the hypocritical pretense of living up to the thirteen-bushel ratio and come out flatly for a #ag4ej minimum1 which was really a ratio of #aj4h bushels4 ,the ,food ,administration was able to thus repudiate in part its definite obligation to hog producers1 because there were no thoroly organized farmers with leaders trained to think in terms of statistics and economics4 ,the author does not care to create a prejudice against the ,food ,administration4 ,it probably did its work as efficiently as any branch of the government during the war4 ,the sole purpose is to point out to agricultural students the extreme disadvantage under which farmers labor in bargaining with other classes of society4 ,it is hoped that as farmers learn to follow the example of keen business men and employ trained experts to look after their interests1 and as farm leaders become better trained in statistics1 economics and business principles1 this disadvantage will disappear4 ,,supply ,,and ,,demand ,,versus ,,cost ,,of ,,production ,what makes hour-by-hour and day-by-day prices under laissez faire conditions is not cost of production1 but that brute force which we call 8supply and demand40 ,in its blind groping1 this force necessarily approximates cost of production as an average of any long period of time4 ,but it never specifically recognizes cost of production as a factor which should be considered4 ,it approximates cost of production because it has to1 not because it wants to4 ,an illustration of the strategy of the hog market is a case in point4 ,imagine a ,monday hog market in early ,march1 at which season of the year prices are generally rising4 ,suppose that instead of the accustomed #dj1jjj ,monday hog run1 #fj1jjj have been received4 ,suppose that1 owing to car shortage or some other reason1 eastern shippers are out of the market4 ,there is a larger supply than usual and a smaller demand1 and prices decline #ae or #bj cents a hundredweight1 perhaps very much more4 8,supply and demand10 say the packers and practical economists1 with unction4 ,but at that very time every one may know that the potential supply in the country is very small1 and the potential demand is very great4 ,at that very time this wider situation may be taken fully into account by the packers in the prices which they are charging for their products to the retailers4 ,the hog market may have broken #ae to #bj cents1 but the lard1 ham and bacon markets may have held steady or even advanced4 ,the packers1 in the prices which they pay for live hogs and the prices which they charge for hog products1 are governed chiefly by strategic considerations4 ,day by day they change their prices to meet the surface indications of changing supply and demand conditions4 ,they may sometimes exercise such poor strategy that they will be compelled to manufacture hog products at a loss for a time4 ,the prime consideration is to buy as cheaply as possible and to sell as high as possible and yet meet the competition1 which is rather more active than many farmers have supposed4 ,now it is obvious that a ratio system of hog prices is not compatible with the system employed by the packers1 or by any typical business man1 for that matter4 ,big business enjoys a speculative profit which comes with fluctuating prices4 ,but a daily fluctuating price is not consistent with the idea of a just price or a cost-ofproduction price4 ,if the packing business were a monopoly under government control1 stabilized prices under the ratio system might be paid with some degree of satisfaction1 provided we assume that the governmental authorities have a real insight into market conditions and a thoro understanding of the ratio system of price judgment as related to supply and demand4 ,under the present regime1 however1 it is difficult to see much prospect of hog prices ever being stabilized1 for the reason that under a laissez faire system business profits result from fluctuating prices1 those businesses profiting most which are best organized and most long-lived1 and are able to take strategic positions over long periods of time4 ,what would happen if cost of production were to be paid in the hog market day by day1 year in and year out8 ,by cost of production is meant the #aa4e-;bushel ratio1 modified seasonally4 ,packers can think of many objections4 ,for instance1 they can conceive of periods of a year or two at a time when the #aa4e-;bushel ratio would necessitate paying the farmers more for their hogs than they could get for the meat4 ,equally1 they can see how it might be that for periods of a year or two at a time1 they would be able to get out of the consumers a price equivalent to considerably more than the #aa4e-;bushel ratio4 ,admittedly1 these objections are sound under present conditions2 supply-and-demand price is the only price adapted to the laissez faire situation4 ,if farmers as a class are to secure cost of production for their hogs month after month and year after year1 they must organize into powerful associations to do business co-operatively4 ,they must control the supply of hogs with an iron hand and an intelligent head4 ,they must be willing to play fair with the consumers and not charge more for their hogs than the ratio of the past sixty years4 ,in fact1 it is conceivable that they might be able to sell their hogs at slightly less than the #aa4e-;bushel ratio of the past sixty years4 ,if the organization was really powerful enough to enforce the cost-of-production ratio over any period of time1 the market risk1 which has been a very serious factor in the past1 would disappear4 ,this risk has been such a factor that it is quite possible that farmers would be willing to produce enough hogs to satisfy the market at an eleven-bushel ratio if the risk no longer existed4 ,the author estimates that as an average of the past sixty years the consuming public has been paying at least #ej cents per hundredweight more than necessary for its hog products4 ,this extra #ej cents has been in the nature of risk insurance4 ,it is conceivable that both farmer producers and city consumers might organize to carry this risk between them1 the city consumer co-operative organizations agreeing in advance to take a certain number of pounds of hog products1 and the farmer producing organizations agreeing to furnish such a quantity of hog products on the basis of a corn-hog ratio representing cost of production4 ,,cattle ,,prices ,,and ,,the ,,ratio ,,method ,a ratio between corn and cattle does not represent cost of production nearly as accurately as a ratio between corn and hogs4 ,however1 such a ratio1 when worked out and applied over a long period of years1 reveals the interesting historical fact that the swings in cattle prices above and below the ratio line are periods of about seven years each way4 ,a more accurate method is to take into account the fact that fat cattle as produced in the corn belt and marketed at ,chicago are commonly made out of feeders which were bought a few months previously1 taken to the farm1 and finished chiefly on corn1 together with a little in the way of pasture1 hay1 silage and concentrated feeds1 such as cottonseed meal and oil meal4 ,as an average of the ten-year period1 #aijf-aiae1 ordinary #a1jjj-pound feeders on ,chicago1 in ,october1 cost #ea4bj4 ,as an average of the ten-year period1 these same #a1jjj-pound feeders1 as ordinary1 well-finished fat steers weighing #a1cjj pounds each1 sold the following ,april for #ih4ce4 ,during this ten-year period it seemed to take #dg4ae to cover the cost of feed1 risk1 labor1 etc41 of bringing a #a1jjj-pound feeder to #a1cjj-pound fat condition4 ,ordinarily1 it is substantially accurate to measure these things in terms of corn only4 ,during the ten-year period under consideration1 the weighted price of corn was #fa4e cents4 ,dividing #dg4ae by #fa4e cents equals #gf4g bushels4 ,as an average of the ten-year period it has required the value of #gf4g bushels of weighted corn to make a #a1jjj-pound feeder1 bought in ,october1 moderately fat for the ,chicago market the following ,april4 ,the corn is weighted on the theory that the steers consume #h per cent of it the month after they are bought1 #ae per cent the second month1 #bj per cent the third month1 #bj per cent the fourth1 #bj per cent the fifth1 and #ag per cent the last month4 ,applying the ten-year ratio to the specific month of ,april1 #aiah1 we find that a #a1jjj-pound feeder in ,october1 #aiag1 cost #hd1 and the value of #gf4g bushels of composite corn was #aci4dj1 making a total cost of the finished #a1cjj-pound steer1 #bbc4dj4 ,the actual selling price in the month of ,april1 #aiah1 was #aii4ee1 or a loss of about #bc4he per steer4 ,applying the same method month by month1 we get the chart as herewith published4 ,it expresses profits and losses with a fair degree of accuracy to the ordinary cattleman who buys feeders at the central market and feeds them for five to seven months1 largely on corn4 ,during the winter of #aiag-aiah1 the chart was not quite so accurate as usual1 for the reason that the other expenses did not mount at this time as rapidly as corn4 ,while heavy losses were incurred by cattle feeders1 they were not so great as indicated in the chart4 ,illustration3 ,illustrating the departure of prices of #a1cjj-pound native steers at ,chicago from the ten-year ratio4 ,the profits and losses of the big cattlemen of the far-western and southwestern states are not to be measured by such a chart4 ,their chief expenses are labor and the cost of pasture4 ,weather conditions affect them directly1 whereas weather conditions in the corn belt affect cattle profits indirectly1 thru the price of corn4 ,during #aiag and #aiah1 the western cattle men1 with the exception possibly of those in certain sections of the southwest1 which suffered from unprecedented drouth in #aiag1 made unusually good profits4 ,as a class1 their profits were probably not as large as the profits of the grain-growing farmers of the middle-west1 but were far larger than the profits of the cattle feeders of the middle-west4 ,,packer ,,prices ,,and ,,the ,,ratio ,,method ,the ,chicago packers buy hogs as cheaply as they can and sell the pork as high as they can4 ,nevertheless1 for months at a time they may sell pork products at a loss4 ,over any long period of time there is a fairly constant ratio between the value of one hundred pounds of live hog flesh and one hundred pounds of lard1 ribs or other standard hog products4 ,to simplify matters1 and for purposes of illustration1 we will consider that standard hog product1 dry salt ribs1 which makes up about #ce per cent of the live hog4 99 99 99 99 99 ,as an average of the ten years from #ahhf to #ahie1 dry salt ribs 7low-grade bacon7 sold for the value of #acf pounds of live hog4 ,during the ten-year period from #ahif to #aije1 ribs sold for the value of #acg pounds of live hog4 ,during the ten-year period from #aijf to #aiae1 they sold for the value of #ace pounds of live hog4 ,but while this ratio is quite constant over any long period of time1 it varies considerably according to the season of the year4 ,as an average of the ten-year period of #aijg-aiaf1 the ratio was #acf pounds in ,january1 #acb pounds in ,february1 #abg pounds in ,march1 #abf pounds in ,april1 #acc pounds in ,may1 #acg pounds in ,june1 #acg pounds in ,july1 #acg pounds in ,august1 #ace pounds in ,september1 #acf pounds in ,october1 #adj pounds in ,november1 and #aci pounds in ,december4 ,in ,april of #aiah1 hogs averaged about #ag4de per hundredweight4 ,using the standard ratio for the month of ,april1 of #abf pounds of live hog for one hundred pounds of ribs1 we would get as the hog price of ribs #ba4ig4 ,the actual price was about #bc4ba1 or the packers got for the dry salt ribs in the month of ,april1 #aiah1 about #a4bd more than the customary ratio4 ,the chart tells the story1 extending from #aije to #aiai4 ,the black area above the line might be called packers' profits and the black area below the line packers' losses on the manufacture of ribs4 ,as a matter of fact1 the packers' profits in the latter part of #aiag and early in #aiah were probably larger than indicated4 ,this method assumes that the packers' manufacturing charges rise and fall in the same ratio as hog prices rise and fall4 ,in the rough way1 over any long period of time1 this is approximately true1 but it was probably not true in late #aiag4 ,hog prices at that time were over #bjj per cent of the ten-year period1 whereas packers' manufacturing costs were probably not in excess of #agj per cent of the ten-year period4 ,it is conceivable that as the packing business becomes even more centralized and further improvements in the use of by-products are discovered1 it may be possible for packers to sell short-ribs1 as an average of a ten-year period1 for a price no more than the cost to them of #acc pounds of hog flesh4 ,under conditions as they prevail at present1 however1 the #ace-pound ratio is approximately correct4 ,illustration3 ,illustrating when short-rib sides have been above and below their ten-year average ratio to live hog prices4 ,the ratio method of determining profits and losses in the manufacture of various packers' products is not put forward as an aid in any method of packing house accounting4 ,it is1 however1 put forward as a method by which the consumer and the farmer can discover in a rough way when the packers are absorbing more than their customary share4 ,a similar chart worked out for lard gives much the same results1 altho at times the profit and loss of the two products do not always coincide exactly4 ,for instance1 in #aiad1 lard sold for far less than its normal ratio during the entire year1 whereas ribs sold for slightly more than their normal ratio4 ,in #aiai1 lard sold far above its normal ratio and ribs were below4 ,similar ratios might be worked out for all the various hog meats1 and also for cattle and the various cuts of beef4 ,what examination we have made of some of these ratios indicates that the packers1 in their buying of live stock and selling of products1 regard each product as a law unto itself4 ,if there is a large amount of stored lard on the market1 on account of the shutting off of the ,german demand1 lard prices may be reduced1 even tho hog prices are such as to warrant lard selling at a dollar or two more per hundredweight4 ,on the other hand1 if the ,allies at the same time are in the market for ribs1 the prices will be advanced1 even tho ribs may be made from hogs at a dollar or two less per hundredweight4 ,the problem of the packers is to buy as cheaply as possible and sell as high as possible1 in the knowledge that too wide a spread will invite competition4 ,in the case of hog products1 a loss may be withstood on a rapidly rising market1 because the manufacturing loss will be compensated for by the speculative profit4 ,this was illustrated during a considerable part of the year #aiag1 when most hog products sold at considerably less than their normal ratio1 but when the packers actually made splendid profits1 owing to the continual advance of prices and speculative gain on products on hand4 ,in normal times we regard charts based on principles as stated in this chapter as approximately accurate in measuring packers' profits and losses in the manufacture of given products4 ,it is conceivable that the normal lard ratios may go lower in the near future4 ,corn oil1 cocoanut oil1 cottonseed oil and other tropical vegetable fats are being used as lard substitutes1 and as a result lard may sell decidedly below its normal pre-war ratio to hogs4 ,however1 in this case the bacon hog will gain in popularity and the supply of lard will be curtailed to a point which will justify a ratio almost as great as existed before the war4 ,,milk ,,price ,,determination ,just what price farmers should get for their milk has been a peculiarly vexing question4 ,before the war1 farmers selling milk to city dealers were in an unusually weak bargaining position4 ,when their position became intolerable1 they organized into powerful bargaining associations1 many of which were said to be illegal under strict interpretation of the law4 ,one of the earliest formed and most powerful of these producers' associations has been the ,chicago ,milk ,producers' ,association1 numbering #af1jjj members and controlling most of the milk that is shipped into ,chicago or manufactured in the district immediately around ,chicago4 ,during the years immediately preceding the entry of the ,united ,states into the great war1 this association bargained directly with the ,chicago milk dealers as to what prices the farmer members of the association could get for their milk4 ,they held a successful strike in ,april of #aiaf1 and thereafter the ,chicago milk dealers seemed to regard the association with considerable respect4 ,the city press and the city politicians1 however1 felt that the farmers were too high-handed in their disregard of certain laws1 and forthwith began agitation which finally resulted in indictments against the leaders in the ,producers' ,association4 ,in the fall of #aiag1 the milk producers adopted as their guide in arriving at milk prices what has been called ,pearson's formula4 ,according to this formula1 the cost of producing a hundred pounds of milk in the ,chicago milk district is equal to the cost of #dd pounds of grain1 plus #ahh pounds of silage1 plus #ej pounds of hay1 plus #ci pounds of bedding1 plus #b4db man hours of labor4 ,to the valuation thus secured1 certain differentials were to be applied to each month of the year1 the widest differential being #abj4c per cent1 in ,december1 and the narrowest #gj4f per cent1 in ,june4 ,this formula was devised by ,professor ,f4 ,a4 ,pearson1 of the ,dairy ,economics ,division of the ,university of ,illinois1 after several years of actual cost-accounting work in the ,chicago milk district4 ,it really represents actual cost of production on a large number of farms in certain specific years4 ,using ,pearson's formula as a guide1 the ,chicago milk producers asked the dealers #c4ga per hundredweight for their milk in ,november1 #aiag4 ,the dealers refused1 and a strike was declared4 ,the ,food ,administration intervened in an unofficial way and induced the producers to agree to a price of #c4bb per hundredweight1 pending an investigation by the federal government as to a price which should cover cost of production and a reasonable profit4 ,the ,food ,administration appointed as a committee to determine cost of producing milk plus a reasonable profit1 six people of essentially city interests and three people of essentially agricultural interests4 ,this committee took testimony during the months of ,december and ,january1 and in their report took as a guiding principle in determining the cost of producing milk the ratio method4 ,early in ,december1 the author was asked to present to the commission a profit and loss chart on milk produced in the ,chicago district since ,january1 #aijg1 the profits and losses being based on ratios between milk prices per hundredweight on the one hand1 and a composite of corn1 oats1 bran1 cottonseed meal1 gluten feed1 hay1 and labor prices on the other hand4 ,these latter ingredients were weighted roughly as in the ,pearson formula1 but corn was given greater emphasis4 ,incidentally1 it is interesting to note as corroborative both of the ratio method and the cost-of-production method as employed by ,professor ,pearson1 that the two methods give very similar results4 ,of course1 it is conceivable that if ,professor ,pearson had made his cost-accounting investigation in a year either of extremely good pasture or extremely poor pasture1 the two methods would not agree4 ,but taking as he did fairly average years1 the results check very closely4 ,while the ,chicago ,milk ,commission adopted the principle of the ratio method1 it did so with certain modifications4 ,to illustrate the method as adopted by the ,chicago ,milk ,commission1 we quote from the report as follows3 8,the commission has therefore selected as a base1 representing cost of production and a fair profit1 the average sale price per one hundred 7#ajj7 pounds over the years #aijh to #aiae1 inclusive4 ,the result of course does not represent present value1 due to the large advance in cost of feed and labor since that time4 ,the quantity of feed and labor per one hundred 7#ajj7 pounds of milk1 however1 is the same in both periods4 ,considering the eight-year period as a base and distributing feed and labor on a basis of #ajj per cent total1 the commission developed the following ratio3 ,nineteen per cent home-grown grains1 #ai per cent mill-feeds 7wheat1 bran1 wheat middlings1 hominy1 cottonseed meal1 oil meal1 gluten feed1 dry salt71 #ce per cent hay 7including silage valued at the ratio of three tons of silage to one ton of hay71 #bg per cent labor4 8,it was agreed by the commission that variations in the prices of those four units represent with sufficient accuracy1 when applied according to the above ratio1 the increase or decrease in the cost of production of milk4 ,the only criticism made to this base or this plan was by a minority of the members of the commission1 that the price to the producer during the eight-year period referred to was not satisfactory to them4 8,from the monthly price reports issued by the ,department of ,agriculture1 the farm prices of home-grown grains and hay are obtainable1 and from a reliable trade journal published in ,milwaukee the wholesale prices of mill-feeds are obtainable4 ,the average over the eight-year period from these records is as follows3 ,corn1 #a4ajg per hundred pounds2 mill-feeds1 #a4cjf per hundred pounds2 hay1 #ee4g cents per hundred pounds4 8,it appears fair to the industry that it is entitled to the same proportionate increase in the price of its product as has occurred in the elements which make up the product4 ,from the records of the ,department for ,november1 #aiag1 the beginning of the period under consideration1 the following prices prevailed1 obtained from the same sources3 ,corn1 #c4jhi per hundred pounds2 mill-feeds1 #b4cfee per hundred pounds2 hay1 #gh cents per hundred pounds4 8,the commission has considered from the evidence and such information as was obtainable that the price of labor in ,november represents #ej per cent advance over the average for the eight-year period4 ,using the proportion of feed and labor and prices over the eight-year period1 and comparing with ,november prices from the same source of information and on the same products1 we find the following ratio of increase3 ,basic ,eight-year ,november1 ,pct4 ,new ,index4 ,index4 period #aiag1 increase average4 price4 ,nov41 #aiag1 over #h-year period4 ,corn #ai #a4ajg #c4jhi #agi #ec4ja ,mill-feeds #ai #a4cjf #b4cfee #ha4a #cd4da ,hay #ce 4#eeg 4#ghj #dj #di4jj ,labor #bg #ej #dj4ej #ajj #agg 8,the average price of milk per one hundred 7#ajj7 pounds for the month of ,november1 from #aijh to #aiae1 inclusive1 was #a4gfh4 ,applying the new index ratio of #a4gg1 the ,november1 #aiag1 price would be1 therefore1 #c4ac4 ,in the same manner1 the price for any month may be determined by taking the average price over the eight-year period for that month and multiplying it by the index figure1 #a4gg4 ,it will be noted that by the use of this method the ratio of the costs of feed and labor between the average of the eight-year period and the ,november1 #aiag1 period1 is used rather than the actual prices of the commodities4 8,the average monthly prices of milk per hundred pounds over the eight-year period were as follows3 ,november1 #a4gfh2 ,december1 #a4hab2 ,january1 #a4gha2 ,february1 #a4gcg2 ,march1 #a4fj2 ,april1 #a4djf2 ,may1 #a4ae2 ,june1 #a4jag4 ,applying this index1 #a4gg ,november price1 to these figures3 ,november1 #c4ac2 ,december1 #c4bj2 ,january1 #c4ae2 ,february1 #c4jg2 ,march1 #b4hc2 ,april1 #b4di2 ,may1 #b4jd2 ,june1 #a4hj40 ,illustration3 ,illustrating when ,chicago milk prices have been above and below their ten-year average ratio to feed and labor prices4 ,this report was signed only by the city members of the commission4 ,the agriculturally-minded members and the ,chicago milk producers knew that the prices secured by the ratio method as advocated by the commission were not high enough to cover cost of production4 ,the fault was in the method of application4 ,hay and labor between them were made to represent1 according to the commission1 #fb per cent of the total cost of producing milk1 which is altogether too high a weighting4 ,this bad weighting was made worse because of the fact that thoroly up-to-date figures on hay and labor were not available1 and the figures which were taken were far lower than those existing at the time when the report was actually published4 ,the converting of silage into terms of hay instead of into terms of corn is a matter open to grave question in view of the fact that silage production costs are almost identical with corn production costs1 and the alternative market for silage is the corn market and not the hay market4 ,several other mistakes were made which might have been avoided if the method had been applied by a thoroly impartial body well versed in the technique of dairying as well as the weighting of agricultural index numbers4 ,the unjust prices secured by the commission should not be blamed on the ratio method1 but on the way in which it was applied4 ,the finest scales are not dependable in the hands of an ignorant or a dishonest man4 ,we present herewith a historical milk chart indicating profits and losses from ,january1 #aijh4 ,a full description of the derivation of the ,pearson formula is to be found in ,bulletin ,no4 #baf of the ,illinois ,experiment ,station4 ,,cost ,,of ,,producing ,,crops ,there are two methods of determining the cost of producing crops--the cost-accounting method and the ratio method4 ,the common method is the cost-accounting system1 as employed by farm management investigators4 ,for example1 it has been found that the average farmer in the corn belt puts about twenty hours of man labor and fifty hours of horse labor on the average acre of corn4 ,this divides up roughly into three hours of man labor and twelve hours of horse labor for plowing1 three hours of man labor and twelve hours of horse labor for disking and harrowing1 three-fourths of an hour of man labor and one and one-half hours of horse labor for planting1 six hours of man labor and twelve hours of horse labor for cultivating1 six hours of man labor and twelve hours of horse labor for husking1 two hours of man labor and five hours of horse labor for manuring and miscellaneous4 ,in addition to the man and horse labor charges are machinery expense1 seed1 manure or fertilizer1 insurance and depreciation on the general overhead charges1 and the rent of land4 ,with man labor at #ce cents an hour1 horse labor at #ah cents an hour1 land rent at #ab an acre1 and machinery and miscellaneous expenses at #d an acre1 the total cost of producing an acre of corn in #aiai was about #cb4 ,on extra good land1 the rent was as high as #ah or #bj an acre1 and the cost of an acre was increased accordingly4 ,however1 on extra good land the yield was decidedly above the average4 ,the average acre yield in ,iowa in #aiai was forty bushels1 or the cost of producing a bushel of corn was roughly #hj cents on the farm in the month of ,december4 ,the #aiai crop was decidedly above the average2 with an average crop it would have cost the ,iowa farmer right around #ij cents a bushel in such a year as #aiai4 ,the ratio method when applied to corn corroborates the farm management investigational method4 ,the ratio method is based on the supposition that the cost of producing corn varies with the cost of man labor1 horse labor and machinery4 ,for the sake of convenience1 it is taken that the cost of horse labor varies with the price of corn1 oats and hay1 and that the price of agricultural machinery varies with that part of ,dun's index known as metals4 ,roughly1 it is figured that of the cost of producing corn in ,iowa1 #ce per cent is represented by land charge1 #bj per cent by man labor1 #ae per cent by corn 7used either as seed or fed to horses71 #aj per cent by hay fed to horses1 #e per cent by oats fed to horses1 #aj per cent by ,dun's metals1 and #e per cent by ,dun's miscellaneous4 ,dun's metals are given a lag of two years1 and ,dun's miscellaneous of one year1 owing to the fact that machinery and the miscellaneous overhead expenses entering into the cost of corn production become felt rather slowly4 ,applying the ratio method1 we will take as our base the ten-year period from #ahig to #aijf4 ,during this period ,iowa land averaged about #ej an acre2 harvest labor1 without board1 #b a day2 corn1 #bi4d cents a bushel2 hay1 #e4dg a ton2 oats1 #bc cents a bushel2 ,dun's metals1 about #ad1 and ,dun's miscellaneous1 about #ae4 ,the average acre of ,iowa corn during this ten-year period was worth on a ,december #ast farm basis #aj4 ,now1 in #aiai1 ,iowa land was worth about #aib an acre1 or #chd per cent of the basic ten-year period2 man labor1 without board1 at harvest time was around #e4bj a day1 or approximately #bfj per cent of this ten-year basic period4 ,in like manner1 corn was #daj per cent2 oats1 #bhj per cent2 hay1 #ccj per cent2 ,dun's metals1 #bcj per cent1 and ,dun's miscellaneous1 #bcj per cent4 ,if land is allowed a weighting of #ce per cent2 man labor1 #bj per cent2 corn1 #ae per cent2 hay1 #aj per cent2 oats1 #e per cent2 ,dun's metals1 #aj per cent1 and ,dun's miscellaneous1 #e per cent1 we arrive at #cbi per cent as the cost of producing an acre of corn in #aiai1 as compared with #ajj per cent for the basic ten-year period4 ,in the basic ten-year period1 an acre of corn actually sold for #aj4 ,in #aiai1 in order to come as near breaking even as in the basic ten-year period1 an acre of corn should sell for #cb4ij4 ,the ratio method gives almost identically the same results as the farm management method4 ,both indicate that it cost the average ,iowa farmer in #aiai about #hj cents to produce a bushel of corn on a basis of ,december #ast farm values4#d ,the ratio method may be applied to other crops by using a somewhat different weighting of the production factors4 ,in the case of oats in ,iowa1 for instance1 land may be given a weighting of about #ce per cent2 man labor1 #ae per cent2 corn1 #aj per cent2 hay1 #aj per cent2 oats1 #ae per cent2 ,dun's metals1 #aj per cent1 and ,dun's miscellaneous1 #e per cent4 ,this would indicate that oats in ,iowa in #aiai cost about #cbd per cent as much as in the basic ten years4 ,in the basic ten-year period1 the average acre of oats in ,iowa sold for #h4 ,we may therefore conclude that the cost of producing oats in #aiai was #cbd per cent of #h1 or #be4ib4 ,with an average yield of thirty-three bushels per acre1 the cost per bushel was about #gh cents on a ,december #ast farm basis4 ,manifestly1 the weak point in the ratio method of determining cost of producing crops is the character of the basic period4 ,did the crops actually sell during the basic ten-year period for cost of production8 ,manifestly1 in some years they sold for less1 and in some years they sold for more4 ,as an average of the entire ten-year period1 they must have sold for at least cost of production1 or farmers would gradually have reduced their acreage of the particular crop under consideration1 or else gone out of business entirely4 ,as a matter of fact1 in the ten-year period under consideration1 #ahig-aijf1 land values were constantly advancing4 ,it would seem1 on the whole that this particular ten-year period is a fair one to use1 and that as an average of these ten years crops sold for approximately cost of production1 no more1 no less4 ,it is always conceivable that over long periods of time there might have occurred changes in supply or demand conditions that would make the basic ten-year period altogether false for the purpose of comparison4 ,for example1 in the case of oats1 it is conceivable that tractors1 trucks and automobiles might so displace horses as to make the city demand for oats decidedly less than during the ten-year period extending from #ahig to #aijf4 ,the oats acreage might therefore be considerably decreased1 and oats be produced in large quantities only in those sections especially adapted to growing oats4 ,it is conceivable1 therefore1 that the ratio method may possibly give the cost of oats production at rather too high a figure1 a figure impossible of realization1 one year with another4 ,in the case of standard crops1 however1 there is remarkably little change in either supply conditions or demand conditions4 ,methods of producing corn are pretty well standardized4 ,the market for corn is almost equally stable4 ,it is believed that the ratio method of determining cost of corn production will be approximately accurate for the next fifty years4 ,,consumers' ,,ratios ,during the past fifty years1 a number of people have set themselves to work to measure the shifting economic tides with index numbers4 ,the more complete of these index numbers really undertake to measure the changing value of the dollar4 ,in ,july of #aiad1 for instance1 ,dun's index number was #aai4ga1 which meant that it required #aai4ga to buy a certain given amount of wheat1 corn1 oats1 pork1 beef1 butter1 eggs1 wool1 hides1 pig iron1 lumber1 petroleum1 etc4 ,on ,september #a1 #aiai1 it required #bch4cd to buy these same goods4 ,the dollar of ,july of #aiad had become worth about #ej cents in ,september of #aiai1 in its ability to buy wholesale products4 ,the consumer1 in his buying1 has certain choices4 ,the man who thinks pork is too high in price can shift to beef or mutton2 or he can leave meat altogether out of his ration and secure the needed nutrients in dairy or poultry products4 ,the producers' ratios1 as described in preceding chapters1 have to do fundamentally with supply conditions4 ,they deal with the relation between a raw product and a more finished product4 ,they are concerned1 but not immediately1 with demand conditions4 ,the attempt in this chapter is to develop a ratio which gives more particular weight to demand conditions4 ,therefore1 ratios are developed between a standard index number on the one hand and a given commodity on the other4 ,however1 because index numbers include some of the items of expense entering into the production of any commodity1 such a ratio also represents to a considerable extent a producers' ratio4 ,to understand the matter more definitely1 we shall look into the ratio actually prevailing between ,dun's index number and ,chicago hog prices4 ,as an average of the ten-year period1 #aijg-aiaf1 ,dun's index number in ,january has averaged #abj4af1 whereas hogs during the same period have averaged #f4ii per hundredweight4 ,in other words1 live hogs have sold per hundredweight for about one-seventeenth of the value of ,dun's index number4 ,on this basis1 in ,january of #aijg1 the index price of hogs was #f4bd1 whereas the actual price was #f4fj1 or #cf cents higher4 ,in ,january of #aijh1 the index price of hogs was #f4ei1 whereas the actual price was #d4de1 or #b4ad lower4 ,and so it goes4 ,for the period of a year or two1 hogs will sell proportionately higher than other commodities1 and then for a like length of time they will sell lower4 ,this is graphically illustrated in the accompanying chart4 ,this chart1 it will be noted1 is very similar in appearance to the corn-hog ratio chart4 ,the chief point of difference is in #aiag and #aiah1 during which time hogs sold relatively higher than an average of other commodities1 as indicated by ,dun's index number1 whereas they were relatively lower than corn4 ,war conditions1 creating an unprecedented demand for breadstuffs1 raised grain prices out of all proportion to other commodities4 ,on studying this chart closely1 it will be noticed that there is a tendency1 generally speaking1 for hogs to sell relatively cheap to other commodities a few months in advance of the time that they sell relatively cheap to corn1 and vice versa4 ,in other words1 the variations shown on the chart as given in this chapter are often two or three months ahead of the chart as given in the chapter on corn-hog ratios4 ,illustration3 ,illustrating the departure of ,chicago hog prices from the ten-year ratio between hog prices and ,dun's index number4 ,a historical study of the ratio between index numbers and ,chicago steer prices indicates that steer prices swing first above and then below their index number value in periods of from five to nine years each way1 with an average of around seven years4 ,the #aijg-aiaf ratio between ,dun's index number and wholesale prices of certain farm products is given in the following table3 ,heavy hogs at #a1bjj to ,butter extras ,no4 #b corn at ,chicago1 per #a1ejj-lb4 at ,elgin1 ,chicago1 cents cwt4 steers at cents per per bushel4 ,chicago per pound4 cwt4 ,january 4#jehc 4#jeig 4#bfc 4#dii ,february 4#jfjd 4#jeic 4#bee 4#ejc ,march 4#jfch 4#jfbj 4#bea 4#ead ,april 4#jfeb 4#jfca 4#bda 4#ecg ,may 4#jfca 4#jfcf 4#bae 4#eee ,june 4#jfcb 4#jfee 4#bab 4#eea ,july 4#jfch 4#jfei 4#bab 4#egb ,august 4#jfch 4#jfgj 4#bai 4#fjb ,september 4#jfdb 4#jffe 4#bcc 4#ehb ,october 4#jfbj 4#jfef 4#bdb 4#eei ,november 4#jegh 4#jfcd 4#bed 4#ecg ,december 4#jefh 4#jfba 4#bfd 4#eah ,with ,dun's index number at #bde for ,december of #aiai1 the method of finding the index price of hogs is to multiply #bde by 4#jefh1 which gives #ac4ib4 ,it is not claimed that the ratio between ,dun's index number and hogs1 for instance1 is as constant as the ratio between hogs and corn4 ,in the decade of the '#fj's1 hogs sold for one-third lower in relation to ,dun's index number than in the decade ending in #aiaf4 ,there has been a constant tendency for farm products to sell constantly higher in relation to ,dun's index number4 ,and this tendency doubtless will continue until population becomes stationary1 altho there may be several years at a time when the tendency is apparently halted because of improvements in agricultural efficiency4 ,in the main1 the possibility of improvements in industrial efficiency is so much greater than in agriculture that we may expect that agricultural prices will stand in constantly higher ratio to other prices1 until finally the increase in population is checked4 ,working out ratios between ,dun's index number and retail prices as reported by the ,bureau of ,labor ,statistics1 we find that as an average of the #aijg-aiaf period1 4#ahc of ,dun's index number represented the price of sirloin steak in cents per pound4 ,for other commodities sold at retail the ratio factors were3 ,,table #a4 ,round steak1 per pound 4#aei ,rib roast1 per pound 4#adh ,pork chops1 per pound 4#aeg ,bacon1 per pound 4#bjf ,ham1 per pound 4#aii ,lard1 per pound 4#abb ,hens1 per pound 4#afe ,eggs1 per dozen 4#bfg ,butter1 per pound 4#bid ,milk1 per quart 4#jga ,flour1 per bag of #bd4e pounds 4#gbb ,corn meal1 per pound 4#jbc ,potatoes1 per peck 4#bdc ,sugar1 per pound 4#jea ,it is interesting to note that in ,september of #aiai1 when there was a universal outcry against retail prices1 an outcry vigorously encouraged by notoriety-seeking politicians1 that retail prices were about as might have been expected from ,dun's index number4 ,dun's index number was #bch4cd on ,september #a1 #aiai1 and the first column of ,table #b gives the retail price which we might expect by applying the standard ratios4 ,the second column gives actual prices on ,september #aeth1 as reported by the ,bureau of ,labor ,statistics3 ,,table #b4 ,sirloin steak1 per pound 4#dcf 4#dji ,round steak1 per pound 4#cgi 4#cgi ,rib roast1 per pound 4#ceb 4#cab ,pork chops1 per pound 4#cgd 4#dfj ,bacon1 per pound 4#dij 4#eef ,ham1 per pound 4#dgd 4#eeb ,lard1 per pound 4#bia 4#chb ,hens1 per pound 4#cic 4#dad ,eggs1 per dozen 4#fcf 4#fcb ,butter1 per pound 4#gja 4#feg ,milk1 per quart 4#afi 4#aeg ,flour1 per bag of #bd4e pounds #a4gba #a4gij ,corn meal1 per pound 4#jee 4#jfg ,potatoes1 per peck 4#egi 4#fde ,sugar1 per pound 4#abb 4#aaj ,the factors as worked out in ,table #a are ratios between yearly average retail prices and yearly average ,dun's index numbers4 ,even retail prices1 however1 have some seasonal swing4 ,for instance1 meats tend to be cheaper in the winter than in the summer1 whereas butter and eggs tend to be cheaper in the summer than in the winter4 ,because of the seasonal swing1 the first column of ,table #b is not absolutely accurate4 ,for instance1 the retail price of sirloin steak in ,september is usually about #b per cent higher than the yearly average1 and1 corrected for the month of ,september1 the price should have been #dd4e cents1 instead of #dc4f cents4 ,on the same basis1 the seasonally corrected price for butter for ,september1 #aiai1 was #fh4f cents1 instead of #gj4a cents4 ,in the main1 however1 ,table #b is fairly accurate as it stands4 ,it will be noted that with the exception of hog products1 wheat and potatoes1 retail prices in ,september of #aiai tended to be lower than their normal ratio to ,dun's index number4 ,possibly a consumers' attack on the price of pork products1 wheat and potatoes was warranted in ,september of #aiai4 ,it must be remembered1 however1 that there was supposedly a world need for hog products and wheat at that time1 and that potatoes were unduly high on account of a short crop4 ,consumers should be educated in the use of index numbers and to an understanding of normal ratios between index numbers and the various commodities which they buy4 ,in times of violent price fluctuations they should know just what is the index price of the commodities whose prices are acting in a questionable way4 ,at the same time they should realize that the index price is not necessarily the just price4 ,however1 the index price gives a basis upon which the consumer may work4 ,he may then inquire why it is that the actual price departs from the index price4 ,in ,may of #aiah1 for instance1 the index price of corn in ,chicago was #a4be1 whereas the actual price was #a4fj4 ,the actual price was above the index price partly because of a poor quality corn crop in #aiag1 but particularly because of an unprecedented demand for breadstuffs4 ,nevertheless1 everything considered1 the consumer may have had some basis for resentment against the high price of corn and corn products1 whereas if he had studied the milk and butter situation1 he would have seen that the dairy products were being sold at a real bargain4 ,strange to say1 consumers kicked vigorously against milk prices1 but had nothing to say about corn prices4 ,consumers are always concerned with superficial appearances1 never with fundamental causes4 ,and this characteristic of city consumers1 combined with an unscrupulous1 ignorant city press1 is a grave menace to our civilization4 ,,technique ,,of ,,the ,,ratio ,,method ,the fundamental idea of the ratio method is that the price of every product is determined in the long run by the price of some other product or products4 ,the price of hogs is determined in the long run by the price of corn4 ,the price of corn is determined in the long run by the price of land1 labor1 farm machinery and horse feed4#e ,in its simplest form1 the ratio method deals with only two products1 as for example1 with hogs and corn4 ,as an average of the ten ,januarys extending from #aijg to #aiaf1 ,no4 #b corn on the ,chicago market sold for #ei4i cents a bushel1 and heavy hogs on the same market sold for #g per hundredweight4 ,in other words1 as an average of this ten-year period1 it has required the value of #aa4g bushels of corn to equal in value one hundred pounds of heavy hog flesh4 ,in the specific month of ,january1 #aijg1 corn was #da4f cents per bushel4 ,the corn price of hogs was #aa4g times #da4f cents1 or #d4hg4 ,the actual price of hogs in ,january1 #aijg1 was #f4fj4 ,actual hogs sold for #a4gc above the customary corn-hog ratio4 ,in ,january of #aijh1 with corn at #eh4e cents a bushel1 the corn price of hogs would be #aa4g times #eh4e1 or #f4hd4 ,the actual price was #d4de1 or #b4ci below the ratio price4 ,the ratio for ,february is different from the ratio for ,january1 but once a set of ratios is secured for each of the twelve months of the year1 it is easily possible to work out charts showing month by month the periods of time when hogs were selling relatively higher than their customary ratio to corn1 and when they were selling relatively lower4 ,it is absolutely necessary to work ratios month by month1 or week by week1 in the case of all products which have a seasonal swing4 ,nearly all agricultural products are cheap in the fall of the year4 ,some products begin weakening sooner than others2 for instance1 oats and wheat weaken sooner than corn or hogs4 ,a genuinely scientific method of applying the ratio method to hog prices would also take into consideration that hogs are to some extent made out of tankage1 pasture and labor1 as well as corn4 ,of course1 these things vary in value in a rough way1 in just about the same way as corn prices1 and for practical purposes1 the ratio between hogs and corn is probably exact enough4 ,as an example of a more complex application of the ratio method1 assume that after thoro investigation by the farm management people1 it is found that on typical farms #gj per cent of the cost of producing hogs is represented by corn1 #e per cent by tankage1 #c per cent by oats1 #c per cent by pasture1 #b per cent by middlings1 #f per cent by man labor1 and #aa per cent by miscellaneous items1 such as risk1 interest1 etc41 all of which vary in about the same ratio as the other items already enumerated4 ,spreading the #aa per cent of miscellaneous items over the other items1 we find that of the cost of producing hogs1 #gh per cent is represented by corn1 #c per cent by oats1 #f per cent by tankage1 #d per cent by pasture1 #b per cent by middlings1 and #g per cent by man labor4 ,now1 as an average of the ten-year period1 #aijg to #aiaf1 the value in the month of ,january1 at ,chicago1 was #ei4i cents for corn and #dc4d cents for oats4 ,the value of middlings on a ,milwaukee basis was #bb4gg per ton4 ,the value of tankage 7this is a rough estimate7 was #df per ton2 the value of pasture land1 #ff per acre1 and the value of an hour of man labor #ad4f cents4 ,hogs averaged #g per hundredweight4 ,according to the ratio theory1 this ten-year average price of #g per hundredweight for hogs must represent approximately cost of production4 ,seventy-eight per cent of #g gives #e4df as the share of corn in the production cost1 and in like manner #ba cents is the value of the oats1 #db cents the value of the tankage1 #bh cents the value of the pasture1 #ad cents the value of the middlings1 and #di cents the value of the man labor4 ,with corn at #gi4i cents a bushel1 as it was during this ten-year period1 and other feeds at prices as mentioned in the foregoing1 it is obvious that it required1 to equal one hundred pounds of hog weight1 the value of #i4a bushels of corn1 one-half bushel of oats1 one-two hundred and fiftieth of the value of an acre of ordinary rough pasture land1 twelve pounds of middlings1 eighteen pounds of tankage1 and #c4d hours of man labor4 ,in the specific month of ,january1 #aijg1 corn was worth #da4f cents2 oats1 #ce4d cents2 middlings1 #ah4cg2 ordinary rough pasture land1 #ea per acre2 tankage1 #dj a ton1 and man labor1 #ac cents an hour4 ,nine bushels of corn at #da4f cents gives #c4gh2 half a bushel of oats at #ce4d cents gives #ah cents2 twelve pounds of middlings at #ah4cg per ton gives #aj cents2 one-two hundred and fiftieth of the value of an acre of ordinary pasture land1 at #ea per acre1 gives #bj cents2 eighteen pounds of tankage at #dj per ton gives #cf cents1 and #c4d hours of man labor at #ac cents gives #dd cents4 ,adding1 we get #e4jf as the cost of producing hogs in ,january1 #aijg4 ,in ,january1 #aijh1 with corn at #eh4e cents per bushel1 oats at #di4i cents1 middlings at #bb4fb per ton1 tankage at #dj per ton1 pasture at #ea per acre1 and man labor at #ac cents an hour1 we find1 by applying the same formula1 that the cost of producing one hundred pounds of hogs was #f4fi4 ,the straight corn ratio method gave #d4hg for ,january of #aijg1 and #f4hd for ,january of #aijh1 departing from the more complex ratio on the minus side by #ai cents in #aijg and on the plus side by #ae cents in #aijh4 ,the results are so nearly alike that in the case of hogs we think that it is ordinarily satisfactory to depend on corn ratios alone1 altho in the case of such products as milk and butter it is well to include feeds other than corn and to use a method similar to that just outlined4 ,in order to allow the general public to judge of the merits of wage increases1 strikes and price advances1 it would be well if the ratio method might be applied to manufacturing and mining industries2 for instance1 in the case of coal1 it might be shown 7these figures are purely illustrative and possibly are wide of the facts7 that #dj per cent of the cost of producing coal is labor1 #bj per cent machinery charge1 and #dj per cent risk1 interest on investment and similar factors1 which vary in just about the same ratio as the other two factors already mentioned4 ,distributing this #dj per cent miscellaneous charge1 we get #fg per cent of the cost of producing coal represented by labor and #cc per cent by machinery charge4 ,now1 assume that1 in #aibj the labor charge has advanced over the ten-year base by #ij per cent1 and the machinery charge by #aaj per cent4 ,multiplying #fg by #aij and #cc by #baj and adding1 we find that on this basis coal in #aibj should be about #id per cent above the ten-year base4 ,if the ten-year base is #c4ej per ton1 the proper price for coal in #aibj should evidently be somewhere around #f4hj per ton4 ,of course1 it is obvious that anyone applying the ratio method must be thoroly familiar with the industry under consideration4 ,there should be1 however1 competent experts in whom the public has confidence1 to express for the benefit of the public1 in ratio form1 the cost-of-production price of all staple products1 and possibly labor as well4 ,our grade schools and our high schools should train their students to have an appreciation of the ratio method of determining prices4 ,an appreciation of this sort developed in the minds of the bulk of our people would do much to stabilize the price system1 preventing undue excesses1 and yet allowing prices which cover in a fair way cost of production4 ,,limitations ,,of ,,the ,,ratio ,,method ,the ratio method1 while astonishingly accurate as a method for ascertaining production costs1 is not infallible4 ,in the case of hogs and corn1 for example1 the ratio has remained constant1 decade by decade1 for sixty years4 ,it is always conceivable1 however1 that a change in production methods will come which will enable farmers to produce hogs for less than the #aa4e-;bushel ratio4 ,it is also conceivable that as population increases1 there will be a smaller premium put on meat and a greater premium put on grain1 with the result that the standard ratio will fall below eleven bushels4 ,but in any event the change will be slow1 and in all probability the ratio of the fifty years from #aibe to #aige will not fall below #aa bushels4 ,in the case of such products as butter1 where improvements in method count for more than in the case of hogs1 there is more likelihood of the standard ratio changing as time goes on4 ,in the case of such standard crops as corn and wheat1 there is small probability of great change in the standard ratios4 ,any undue and prolonged profit will be promptly absorbed by land values and labor wages4 ,about the only technological improvement which would throw the standard ratios altogether out of line would be the discovery of how to make food out of air and water by manufacturing processes4 ,the ratio method1 when used in price fixing1 rather than in price judging1 is open to several objections4 ,under a laissez faire system it may be necessary for months at a time to cater to the consumers by selling food at below the ratio or cost-of-production price4 ,and again it is possible for months at a time to gouge the consumer by selling food above the ratio or cost-of-production price4 ,it is only as farmers1 consumers and business men become educated to the desirability of prices more nearly approximating cost of production that the ratio system can be used extensively in actual price fixing4 ,when it is so used1 there will be less likelihood of over-production on the one hand and under-production on the other hand4 ,wherever the ratio system comes to be used in actual price fixing1 it will be open to the criticism that prices will start pyramiding4 ,for example1 in the case of hogs and corn1 a guaranteed ratio may increase the price of corn1 and this in turn the price of hogs1 and so on in a never-ending climb4 ,the reverse is also imaginable4 ,in the case of fixing crop prices by ratio1 it is imaginable that land values would constantly increase1 and this would increase the price of crops1 which again will be reflected back into land1 and so on in a never-ending cycle4 ,economists like to dwell on situations of this kind4 ,they are to a large extent purely imaginary4 ,to stop a vicious rise under the ratio system1 a rise which would bring about an over-production1 all that would be necessary would be to very slightly lower the standard ratio4 ,in the case of hogs1 for example1 it might be necessary to lower the ratio from #aa4e bushels to #aa4b bushels4 ,however1 in all that is said concerning the ratio method of judging prices1 there is no intention to prescribe any definite method of using the system4 ,the chief function of ratios will doubtless continue to be educational4 ,it is hoped that a knowledge of standard ratios by large numbers of people will suffice to stabilize prices at more nearly cost of production and to stabilize production at a point more nearly identical with normal demand4 ,,retail ,,and ,,wholesale ,,prices ,there has been much outcry in recent years against the retailer4 ,unquestionably1 the retailer is working under a cumbersome distributive system which burdens the consumer with prices fully #bj per cent too high4 ,it is commonly recognized that this extra #bj per cent does not represent retailers' profits1 but that it is used simply to perpetuate a system which will cater most effectively to the whims of indolent housewives4 ,the cure for the system is for consumers to organize themselves into co-operative buying associations4 ,when consumers are willing to band themselves together in such associations1 to anticipate their needs of staple products by ordering ahead1 it will be possible to furnish such products at very little above wholesale prices4 ,in fact1 it is conceivable that under such a regime co-operative consumers might buy of co-operative producers4 ,all this1 however1 involves infinitely more foresight than the average citizen or his wife cares to exercise4 ,also it involves putting a vast number of small grocerymen out of business4 ,in the long run1 this will be a good thing for every one1 but the immediate effect will be a great outcry against interfering with legitimate business1 and the issue will be obscured by the customary smoke screen used by scared business men4 ,as long as we cling to our present retail system1 it is worth while to know the standard differential between retail prices on the one hand and wholesale prices and farmers' prices on the other hand4 ,for instance1 in #aiac1 ham quite customarily retailed at around #bf or #bg cents a pound1 whereas the wholesale price at the same time was around #af or #ag cents a pound1 and farmers were selling their hogs at around #h cents a pound4 ,it was a fairly normal state of affairs1 previous to the war1 for ham to sell retail at #aj cents a pound above the wholesale price1 or #ah cents or #ai cents a pound above the price of hogs4 ,just what the normal differential will be1 now that the war is over1 can not be foretold with accuracy4 ,as long as we are on a price level twice as high as in #aiad1 it is obvious that the differential between retail and wholesale prices will be just about twice as great4 ,the retailer may not pay quite twice as much to his labor1 and he may not pay quite twice as much rent1 but he will have to have twice as much operating capital1 and his bad debts will probably be twice as great4 ,at this writing1 early in #aibj1 it seems obvious that the retailers should be allowed to have a differential fully #hj per cent larger than before the war1 if they are to fare as well as most other classes4 ,as a matter of fact1 the retailers now seem to be selling ham at a differential of about #ah cents a pound over the wholesale price and about #cf cents a pound over the price of hogs4 ,in the case of ham1 the retailers began demanding an increased margin in ,may of #aiag1 the month after the war broke out4 ,they kept increasing the margin as opportunity presented itself1 but not till the summer of #aiai were the retailers able to widen out the differential between retail and wholesale prices sufficiently to cover the cost of doing business on a price level twice as high as in #aiad4 ,illustration3 ,illustrating how the differential between farmers' price and wholesale and retail price widens in proportion to the higher price level4 ,the facts concerning the retail price of ham1 wholesale price of ham1 and price of hogs1 are presented in the accompanying chart4 ,other retail prices are given in the appendix1 and it is possible from the figures there presented to work out normal differentials for such products as wheat and wheat flour1 corn and corn meal1 sirloin steak and cattle1 etc4 ,,pork ,,exports ,,the ,,barometer ,,of ,,corn ,,belt ,,prosperity ,for years we have exported from the ,united ,states more corn in the form of pork than in the form of shelled corn or corn meal4 ,in recent years we have been exporting an average of about #dj1jjj1jjj bushels of corn in the form of corn and corn meal1 whereas we have been exporting the equivalent of about #acj1jjj1jjj bushels of corn in the form of pork products4 ,and for the year #aiai we exported the equivalent of about #cej1jjj1jjj bushels of corn in the form of pork4 ,there is an extraordinary sympathy between the corn and hog industries4 ,true it is that we feed almost as much corn to our horses as we do to our hogs1 but the corn which we feed to horses is for the purpose of keeping the farm plant running4 ,the corn fed to horses does not bring in direct cash returns in the same way as the corn fed to hogs4 ,nearly one-third of all our corn is fed to hogs1 and from the standpoint of market strategy1 this third which is fed to hogs counts more than the other two-thirds4 ,the demand for the other two-thirds by horses and cattle and by the grist mills of the towns and cities is practically stationary from one year to the next4 ,it is the corn which is fed to hogs that varies so greatly from one year to the next4 ,for the first ten months of #aiai1 the value of the pork products exported from the ,united ,states was #ggh1jjj1jjj1 or about one-eighth of the value of all the exports from the ,united ,states for this period4 ,the only other product of practically equal magnitude with pork products was cotton1 with a total value of #gge1jjj1jjj for the first ten months of #aiai4 ,wheat and wheat flour1 which most people think rank decidedly above the value of pork products1 totaled during this period #eef1jjj1jjj4 ,corn and corn meal exports during this period were worth an insignificant #ae1jjj1jjj4 ,of course we are now exporting more pork products than ever before in history1 but even before the war the corn belt expressed itself in international trade pre-eminently thru its exports of pork products4 ,the ham1 bacon and lard of the corn belt are comparable with the wheat of the northwest and the cotton of the south4 ,before the war1 we exported every year the equivalent of about five or six million hogs4 ,last year we exported the equivalent of thirteen or fourteen million hogs1 nearly one-fifth of our total production4 ,exports dropped off during ,september1 ,october and ,november1 but this is a customary seasonal occurrence1 and there is now the prospect of a resumption of a tremendous exportation of hog products during the winter and early summer4 ,the two charts printed herewith indicate the very close connection between pork exports and profits in corn raising4 ,the chart giving the profits and losses on the average acre of corn for the past forty-five years is re-published from ,wallaces' ,farmer of ,may #ag1 #aiah1 the profits for the years #aiah and #aiai having been added since4 ,it will be noted that the other chart gives the exports of hog products in pounds from the ,united ,states year by year4 ,the exports are in fiscal years1 ending on ,june #cjth4 ,it will be noted that in a broad1 general way1 there is a considerable relationship between the two charts4 ,when pork exports have been less than normal for a year or two1 there is a decided tendency for corn to become unprofitable1 and vice versa4 ,note how the big hog exports1 starting in #ahgg and continuing thru #ahha1 were accompanied by a period of unusual corn profits4 ,note how the falling off in hog exports1 starting with #ahhb and continuing until #ahij1 was also accompanied by unprofitable corn crops4 ,then there was a temporary turn for the better in both corn and hog exports in #ahij and #ahia1 and a sag in both until #ahig1 when hog exports picked up and continued to pick up to a very marked degree for several years1 the change in hog exports being slowly reflected in corn profits4 ,generally speaking1 pork exports seem to lead the way1 and corn tags along behind4 ,during the war years1 however1 corn seemed to move just about as fast as hog exports4 ,the first year of really heavy hog exports was the year ending ,june #cj1 #aiaf1 and the first corn crop to sell unusually high was that harvested in the fall of #aiaf4 ,the corn crops of #aiaf1 #aiag1 #aiah and #aiai have all been extraordinarily profitable1 and the pork exports during these same years have been unusually heavy4 ,unquestionably1 there is a very close relationship between hog exports and the general level of corn prices4 ,we do not mean to say that there is a month-by-month relationship1 or even a year-by-year relationship4 ,we do mean to say1 however1 that it is impossible for the ,united ,states to export an unusual volume of hog products without sooner or later raising corn prices4 ,it may take a year or two for the effect to be felt by corn1 but sooner or later the influence seems to be inevitable4 ,illustration3 ,curved line indicates the normal trend of pork exports from the ,united ,states4 ,when the irregular line is above the curved line1 pork exports are unusually large4 ,large pork exports beginning with #ahgg caused the corn belt prosperity beginning with #ahgi4 ,large pork exports beginning with #ahih initiated the corn belt prosperity beginning with #aibj4 ,the #aibj figure is a preliminary estimate4 ,heavy hog exports make for higher corn prices1 and higher corn prices make for higher values in corn belt farm land4 ,without much question1 the fundamental cause of corn land rising so much more rapidly than land in other sections is the unusual volume of pork products starting with the year #aiaf4 ,it would have been impossible for the corn market to have reached or sustained its high altitude without the prop of such tremendous hog exports4 ,in view of the evidence presented1 we make bold to say that hog exports furnish a most delicate barometer of corn belt prosperity4 ,the huge volume of pork exports during the past three years is the explanation of corn belt land rising faster than in other sections4 ,iowa raises twice as many hogs as any other state1 and this doubtless is the reason why land in ,iowa has risen faster than in any other state4 ,illustration3 ,corn profits and losses in the twelve north central states1 as determined by the ratio method described in the chapter on 8,cost of ,producing ,crops40 ,what of the future8 ,is there any chance that pork exports will maintain their present volume8 ,we may as well face the issue squarely and come to the conclusion that in all probability pork exports1 within three or four years1 will decline to about one-third their present volume4 ,for four or five years previous to the war1 the tendency of pork exports was somewhat downward4 ,it is reported that at that time ,great ,britain was buying less and less of her hog products from the ,united ,states1 and that she was thinking of buying more and more of her coarser quality of hog products from ,china4 ,at the present time there is considerable ,chinese bacon on the ,english market4 ,it is also worth while to note in this connection that the ,english consumption of meat is now #a1bjj1jjj tons1 which is #fjj1jjj tons less than her pre-war consumption of meat4 ,if ,england has cut down on her meat consumption one-third1 the probabilities are that the continent of ,europe has cut down on its meat consumption one-half4 ,probably never again will the world eat as much meat per capita as it did before the war4 ,whether we like it or not1 we may as well face the probability that our pork exports are on the decline1 and will not stop declining until they are down to about one-third of the #aiai volume4 ,and we may expect that this decline in pork exports will have some influence on corn prices1 and therefore on corn land prices4 ,the future situation is of course considerably different than that which has existed at any time during the past forty-five years4 ,the volume of money in circulation may be such that there will be no actual decline in corn prices or in corn land prices4 ,just the same1 we may expect that the unusually favorable position which has been enjoyed by the corn belt during the past three years will disappear with the decline in pork exports4 ,previous to the war1 ,great ,britain and ,germany absorbed more of our pork exports than any other nations4 ,great ,britain took #gc per cent of our pork exports1 #hf per cent of our exports of hams and shoulders1 and #cf per cent of our lard exports4 ,germany took #cj per cent of our lard exports and practically nothing in the way of bacon1 hams or shoulders4 ,cuba1 ,holland and ,belgium were the other large importers of ,american hog products1 but these three nations together required only about one-tenth as much as ,great ,britain4 ,if ,great ,britain cuts down her consumption of meat to two-thirds what it was before the war1 she will be much more nearly self-supporting from a meat standpoint than she is now1 and probably will not import from the ,united ,states more than one-half as much meat as she did before the war4 ,great ,britain owes considerable money to the ,united ,states1 and1 moreover1 in the future she will not get from the ,united ,states in such large measure ocean freight charges on the ,british merchant marine4 ,in the old days1 ,great ,britain had a considerable credit balance coming to her every year from the ,united ,states1 and she took a large part of this in the form of pork products4 ,now that the situation is reversed1 it is difficult to see how ,great ,britain can import as much in the way of hog products from the ,united ,states as she did before the war4 ,true it is that for the year #aiai she has imported about three times as much from the ,united ,states as before the war1 but once the present emergency is past1 it seems obvious that ,great ,britain will cut her pork imports down to the minimum4 ,in the case of ,germany1 the situation is even worse4 ,germany1 which normally took #aej1jjj1jjj pounds of lard from us every year before the war1 must now pay the allied nations an indemnity every year of at least #fjj1jjj1jjj4 ,in order to pay this huge sum1 ,germany must cut her imports down to the absolute minimum1 and become extraordinarily efficient in exporting4 ,for the next two or three years1 ,germany may perhaps import more lard from us than she did before the war1 but1 as rapidly as possible1 ,germany will re-establish her swine industry and reduce the imports of ,american lard4 ,we may be painting the situation too black1 but we can not see how our pork exports1 by the year #aibe1 can total to more than #hjj1jjj1jjj or possibly #ijj1jjj1jjj pounds1 which is less than one-third the #aiai volume of exports4 ,of course1 another war may break out in the meantime1 or some other extraordinary thing may happen1 but in the ordinary course of events1 it would seem that our pork exports must inevitably decrease until they are considerably less than the pre-war normal4 ,and it would seem that this decrease in pork exports will have a very considerable bearing on corn prices1 which will in turn have a bearing on corn land prices4 ,again1 we wish to say1 however1 that we do not necessarily believe that corn land in #aibe or #aicj will be selling cheaper than it is today4 ,prices of all kinds doubtless will continue to be high in #aibe and #aicj1 for the simple reason that inflated currency the world over will still continue4 ,the point we are trying to make is that once hog exports decline to the pre-war normal1 or less1 corn belt farming will cease to enjoy the unusual advantage which it had during the war4 ,it may for a time be relatively less profitable than farming in certain other sections of the ,united ,states4 ,there are many curious paradoxes in the hog export trade in the ,united ,states4 ,while a heavy export of hog products sooner or later means high corn prices1 high hog prices and corn belt prosperity generally1 yet as a usual proposition1 heavy hog exports do not start except in times of unusually low hog prices4 ,the heavy exports of #ahgg-ahha did not start till hogs had declined below #e a hundred1 and reached their height while hogs were #c to #d a hundred4 ,in #ahhb1 when hog prices climbed to over #h per hundred on the ,chicago market1 hog exports promptly fell off1 and did not climb again until hog prices again went below #d a hundred1 in #ahij4 ,in early #ahic1 when hog prices on the ,chicago market climbed up to nearly #h a hundred again1 hog exports dropped off very suddenly4 ,they did not pick up at once in #ahif1 when hog prices went under #d again1 but did pick up very rapidly in #ahig and #ahih1 during both of which years hog prices on the ,chicago market were under #d a hundred most of the time4 ,in #aijb1 there were heavy exports1 in spite of the fact that hog prices were relatively high1 but by #aijc the ,british apparently had had enough of buying high-priced pork on the ,american market1 and they curtailed their importations very decidedly4 ,again1 in #aiaj1 the exceedingly high prices stopped the export demand4 ,during the past three years there have been unprecedented exports in spite of unusually high prices4 ,but as a matter of fact1 hog prices in the ,united ,states have been cheaper during the past three years than any place else in the world4 ,we have been selling hogs at a great bargain1 or ,great ,britain would not have bought such tremendous quantities from us4 ,a thoro study of the exports of the ,united ,states month by month from ,january1 #aijc1 thru the year #aiad1 indicates that there is a continual tendency for hog exports to be large when hog prices are low1 and vice versa4 ,the correlation coefficient between hog prices and hog exports is minus 4#eb4 ,there seems to be a closer correlation between hog exports and hog prices than between receipts of hogs at central markets and hog prices4 ,the tendency has been for hog exports to be #dj per cent above normal when hog prices are #ae per cent below normal2 for hog exports to be #bj per cent above normal when hog prices are #h per cent below normal1 etc4 ,in ,november of #aiai1 when hog exports were about #dj per cent above normal1 it would have appeared1 therefore1 that hog prices were about #ae per cent below normal4 ,this is a long-swing tendency1 and of course there are occasional exceptions4 ,this part of the problem may be summed up to the effect that big exports start in times of low hog prices1 and that these exports after a time stimulate both corn and hog prices1 with the result that after a time both corn and hogs become so high in price that exports dry up1 and then corn and hog prices weaken1 and the whole thing starts over again4 ,there was a continuous series of these cycles previous to the war1 and it is to be expected1 now that the war is over1 that the phenomena will repeat themselves1 altho with some added variations4 ,one thing we must remember is that very possibly the export trade of the ,united ,states will not count so big in the future as it has in the past4 ,the ,united ,states has loaned something like #aj1jjj1jjj1jjj to foreign countries1 and every year she will have hundreds of millions of dollars in interest coming her way1 instead of owing hundreds of millions of dollars to countries across the water1 as was the case before the war4 ,and as long as the ,united ,states has so much money coming to her in interest charges1 we must expect that eventually the ,united ,states must import more goods than she exports4 ,this does not necessarily mean the destruction of the hog industry in the corn belt1 but it may mean that it will have to shift onto a somewhat different basis4 ,it may be that in the future we must plan on growing enough hogs only to satisfy the needs of the ,united ,states1 carefully avoiding a glut which will make it essential to export any large quantity4 ,or it may be that the ,american farmer is so exceedingly efficient in the business of producing hogs that the ,united ,states will always export large quantities of pork products1 even tho the balance of trade otherwise is against the ,united ,states4 ,if we approach the problem from the standpoint of going after a large trade in hog products with foreign countries1 we must put ourselves in position to produce with the utmost economy possible4 8,price0 talks in the export business1 and we shall export large quantities of hog products whenever we are selling hogs decidedly cheaper than the rest of the world4 ,just what kind of a whistle do we want1 and what price are we willing to pay for it8 ,here is a problem which we commend to the earnest study of the research department which the ,national ,farm ,bureau ,federation may some day possess4 ,,corn ,,belt ,,land ,,values ,,in ,,relation ,,to ,,cost ,,of ,,producing ,,corn ,rent or interest on the money invested in land is a legitimate item in cost of production--so far as the individual farmer is concerned4 ,but society is likely to reach a time when it will assert the right to object to paying a price for corn which will permit of paying a very high rent1 which in turn is used to support very high land values4 ,society may say1 in effect3 ,your high land values are just as vicious as watered railway stock1 and you have no more right to expect a five per cent return on the inflated value than the railroads have to expect such a return on their watered stock4 ,society may be expected to pay a price for corn which is established by competition between farmers in this country and in the ,argentine1 and by the need of ,europe for our pork products4 ,this price doubtless will bear much the same relation to the general price level as before the war4 ,it may be high enough to permit of corn belt land values as they existed in #aibj1 or even higher values4 ,or it may be low enough to compel a reduction in corn belt values and farm-hand wages4 ,in the case of a severe drop in corn prices1 it is conceivable but not probable that corn belt farmers will organize sufficiently to compel the return to a price high enough to maintain #aibj land values and farm-hand wages4 ,it is believed that under conditions of free competition it will be necessary for corn to sell for about #he cents a bushel1 on a basis of ,december #ast farm valuations in the corn belt in the ordinary crop year1 in order to maintain land values as they existed in #aibj4 ,this means that prices might go as low as #gj cents a bushel in years of big crops1 or as high as #a in years of small crops4 ,it is also assumed that labor at harvest1 without board1 will settle down to about #d4be a day1 which was the #aiah level4 ,if labor at harvest1 without board1 continues at #e a day1 which was the #aiai level1 it will be necessary for corn to sell for about #hh cents a bushel1 on a ,december #ast farm basis1 in order to maintain the #aibj level of land values and farm-hand wages4 ,it is recognized that this prediction may be wide of the mark in case farmers are able to organize themselves for selfish purposes as effectively as capital and union labor4 ,for forty years preceding the war1 the farmer paid his regular monthly labor a sweated wage1 and1 in effect1 sold his own labor just as cheaply4 ,during the war1 the farmer had a taste of a higher standard of living1 and1 having had this taste1 he will be loath to let farm product prices slip back to a point where he will be reduced to his former state or even lower4 ,it is suggested as the only effective way out of the difficulty that farmers organize into powerful bargaining organizations1 which1 on occasion1 can practice sabotage as skillfully as capital or union labor4 ,but1 in addition1 and above all1 it is absolutely necessary to become extraordinarily efficient4 ,we must continue to apply our best brains to production problems1 perfecting methods which will enable us to produce corn #aj cents a bushel cheaper in ,iowa than in ,argentina4 ,,price ,,stability ,,and ,,soil ,,fertility ,one of the strongest arguments for more stable prices is the effect on soil fertility4 ,while the best farmers will try to maintain the fertility of their land1 no matter what may be the economic outlook1 the bulk of our farming population will not make any serious efforts along this line as long as the price outlook is uncertain4 ,when prices are advancing1 the tendency is for millions of acres of farm land to find their way into the hands of speculators and investors1 who hold for a rise1 and who take no interest whatever in the application of lime and phosphate or the growing of clover4 ,when prices are tending downward1 there is a tendency to economize to the limit4 ,even those farmers who normally use fertilizers are likely to postpone purchases until next year or the year after1 in the hope of lower prices4 ,it is only under a system of relatively stable prices that we may expect really effective attention to be given to soil fertility problems by the bulk of our farmers4 ,the quicker we can get onto a stable price level1 the more effectively will the fertility of our soil be conserved4 ,it is common observation that live stock farming maintains the fertility of the soil more effectively than grain farming4 ,in the corn belt1 live stock farms ordinarily produce five bushels more corn per acre than grain farms4 ,two great obstacles to live stock farming are tenancy and price uncertainty4 ,the man of small means who has been farming for himself for only a few years can not afford to take a chance4 ,he does not know whether or not hogs will be at a price next year which will furnish a good market for corn1 and he therefore plays safe by breeding only three or four sows1 instead of the five or six which he might very well handle4 ,unquestionably1 the farmers in the corn belt would be justified in keeping more live stock if the price of live stock should represent cost of production day by day and month by month4 ,in fact1 corn belt farmers1 as an average of a five-year period1 could probably afford to produce both hogs and cattle at lower relative prices than were customary before the war1 if only prices were more nearly stable1 if they could feel reasonably sure of getting a price more nearly representing production cost4 ,the maintenance of the fertility of our soil is a matter of national concern4 ,in the long run1 it is of more vital interest to the people of the cities than to the farmer4 ,men engaged in industrial enterprises should do what they can to favor such adjustment of prices as will make it to the advantage of the farmer to keep his land in good heart1 because that will make for larger production and more economical production4 ,,measuring ,,total ,,crop ,,production ,this chapter does not follow the same line of thought as the other chapters4 ,it has an indirect bearing1 however1 and we believe the suggested method of measuring total crop production to be of some value4 ,small crops ordinarily bring the farming class more money than large crops4 ,nevertheless1 in the long run big crops mean prosperity to the country as a whole4 ,to judge just when crops as a whole are large and when they are small1 a method has been devised1 which may be illustrated as follows3 ,in #aiah1 the ,united ,states produced #b1ehb1had1jjj bushels of corn1 #iag1ajj1jjj bushels of wheat1 #hi1hcc1jjj tons of hay1 #aa1gjj1jjj bales of cotton1 etc4 ,now1 to ascertain total crop production1 it is obviously impossible to add together bushels1 tons1 bales1 etc4 ,we can add together the value of the crops1 but the price level shifts from year to year1 and this method is not satisfactory4 ,now1 the #aijg-aiaf ten-year average price of corn was #fa cents1 of wheat #if4b cents1 of hay #aa4di a ton1 of cotton #ei a bale1 etc4 ,a ten-year average illustrates the relative economic emphasis4 ,these prices are therefore used as constant factors1 applicable to any crop year4 ,the #aiah corn crop of #b1ehb1had1jjj bushels1 converted into economic crop units by multiplying by #fa1 equals #aeg1ejj1jjj1jjj4 ,the #aiah wheat crop of #iag1ajj1jjj bushels1 multiplied by #if4b1 equals #fc1fjj1jjj1jjj4 ,the same thing done with the thirteen leading crops gives #eei1ijj1jjj1jjj crop units produced by the ,united ,states in #aiah1 or #e1bgj crop units per capita4 ,the per capita production of crop units since #ahhj has been as follows3 #ahhj #e1cfjahij #d1gbjaijj #e1hbjaiaj #e1cbj #ahha #d1bhjahia #e1hbjaija #d1dgjaiaa #d1hej #ahhb #e1ccjahib #d1hdjaijb #e1dhjaiab #e1fij #ahhc #e1abjahic #d1gajaijc #d1icjaiac #d1iej #ahhd #e1efjahid #d1jcjaijd #e1bbjaiad #e1daj #ahhe #e1bejahie #d1ihjaije #e1bjjaiae #e1ggj #ahhf #d1igjahif #e1agjaijf #e1efjaiaf #d1idj #ahhg #d1fijahig #e1jgjaijg #d1idjaiag #e1ecj #ahhh #e1bdjahih #e1cfjaijh #e1bbjaiah #e1bgj #ahhi #e1iajahii #e1gfjaiji #e1ajjaiai #e1djj ,decade ,averages1 #e1aga #e1jdf #e1aid #e1cac ,note how constant has been the productive power of the ,united ,states in economic crop units per capita1 decade by decade1 since #ahhj4 ,note that since #aiaj crop production has more than kept pace with the increase in population4 ,in the '#hj's we exported the equivalent of about #fej economic crop units per capita 7in this we convert pork exports into corn71 which left1 roughly1 #d1ejj economic crop units per capita for home consumption4 ,in the fiscal year ending ,june #cj1 #aiai1 we exported about #gej economic crop units per capita1 which left1 roughly1 #d1ejj economic crop units of the #aiah crop for home consumption4 ,during the decade ending #aiai there has been an average of about #d1hjj economic crop units per capita left for home consumption4 ,it was probably necessary to retain more economic crop units per capita at home during the last decade than during the '#hj's1 because of the smaller live stock production per capita4 ,from the standpoint of production per farm1 there has been a tremendous increase every decade4 ,as an average of #ahhj-ahhi1 the production per farm was #ff1dbj units1 as compared with #fg1iij units for the #ahij-ahii decade1 #ga1fjj units for the #aijj-aiji decade1 and #ha1jjj units for the #aiaj-aiai decade4 ,in response to the higher price level1 the productivity of the average farm has constantly been increasing4 ,if both the general price level and the price of farm crops had been the same in the #aiaj-aiai decade as in the #aijj-aiji decade1 the probabilities are that the average production per farm would have been about #gc1jjj economic crop units instead of #ha1jjj4 ,if by the #aidj-aidi decade we have a population of #aej1jjj1jjj1 and if ,dun's index number at that time is #agj1 it will be necessary to pay at ,chicago an average of about #a4hj for wheat1 #a4ae for corn1 and #fe cents for oats1 in order to call forth as much production per capita as was called forth by the prices paid during the past forty years4 ,when ,dun's index number is as low as #agj 7at this writing1 in early #aibj1 it is #bdd71 #a4hj for wheat1 etc41 will be very high relatively4 ,rather than pay such a high relative price1 the consumers of the ,united ,states will probably turn to ,argentina and other countries where farmers produce food cheaply by living on a lower standard4 ,the position of the ,united ,states1 rising out of the world war1 whereby she is the creditor nation of the world1 will favor food importations4 ,it is a commonplace among business men that good crops mean good business4 ,the effect1 however1 is not as close as they imagine4 ,the short crop of #aija did not affect the business world till #aijc and #aijd4 ,the short crops of #ahib1 #ahic and #ahid did not have full effect till #ahie and #ahif4 ,a single crop year which is only slightly below average may have no effect whatever on business4 ,but when three crop years average below normal1 there is almost certain to be some effect on business4 ,from #aijc to #aiai1 the correlation between crops and the price of securities on the stock exchange was about 4#ec4 ,professor ,h4 ,l4 ,moore1 in his book on 8,economic ,cycles10 finds between crop yields per acre and pig iron production a correlation coefficient of 4#gb1 pig iron production lagging about a year behind crops4 ,big crops do mean good business1 altho they mean prosperity to the farming class chiefly in an indirect way4 ,a small crop generally brings farmers more money than a large crop1 but small crops over a period of two or three years cause business depression and this reacts on farmers4 ,the problem of both business men and farmers is to devise some means of giving farmers as a class a financial interest in producing big crops rather than small crops4 ,part ,,ii ,,mathematical ,,study ,,of ,,supply ,,and ,,demand ,,in ,,the ,,hog ,,market ,mathematical formulation of price-making factors is necessary in order to know when extraordinary or strategic considerations are influencing the market4 ,the mathematical methods are highly technical1 and in order to explain most clearly we shall follow a specific problem thru from beginning to end4 ,the problem is to determine the price of hogs from hog receipts 7supply7 and from business conditions 7demand74 ,to represent business conditions1 we are using bank clearings outside of ,new ,york ,city4 ,the actual figures for heavy hog prices at ,chicago are given in the ,appendix4 ,hog receipts at ,chicago and bank clearings outside of ,new ,york ,city are given on pages #ha and #hb4 ,the problem is to evolve from these figures the law of hog prices4 ,the first step is to determine the secular or long-time trend of these figures4 ,find1 for example1 the secular trend of such a series as3 #aija #b #aijb #c #aijc #b #aijd #e #aije #b #aijf #f #aijg #d #aijh #f #aiji #f ,from looking at these figures1 we know that the secular trend slopes upward1 starting with about #b in #aija1 reaching #c or #d by #aije1 and #e or #f by #aiji4 ,to express the matter with mathematical accuracy1 the method as applied to this series is as follows3 ,first add all the figures together4 ,answer in this case1 #cf4 ,then divide by the number of figures--in this case #i4 ,thirty-six divided by #i gives #d1 which is the value of the secular trend for #aije1 which is the central year4 ,the year #aijd is the #a year1 #aijc the #b year1 #aijb the #c year1 #aija the #d year1 and in like manner #aijf is the #a year1 #aijg the #b year1 #aijh the #c year and #aiji the #d year4 ,multiply the minus years by their respective values3 #a by #e1 #b by #b1 #c by #c and #d by #b1 and also the plus years1 #a by #f1 #b by #d1 #c by #f and #d by #f4 ,the totals are #bf and #ef1 or a net of #cj4 ,now the sum of the squares of #a1 #b1 #c1 #d1 #a1 #b1 #c and #d is #fj4 ,sixty divided into #cj gives 4#e1 which is the rate of movement of the secular trend each year1 or if1 as we found1 #d is the secular trend value for #aije1 then #c4e is the value for #aijd1 #c4j for #aijc1 #b4e for #aijb1 and #b4j for #aija1 and in like manner #d4e for #aijf1 #e4j for #aijg1 #e4e for #aijh and #f for #aiji4 ,the secular trend is a straight line1 and the actual goes above and below the secular trend in more or less wave-like fashion4 ,in ,chart ,i1 the straight line is the secular trend of heavy hog prices at ,chicago for #aijc-aiaf1 and the irregular line fluctuating above and below is the actual price of heavy hogs4 ,,bank ,,clearings ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states ,,outside ,,new ,,york ,,city4 7#g ciphers omitted7 #aijc4aijd4aije4aijf4aijg4aijh4aiji4aiaj 4aiaa4aiab4 ,jan4 #cij #cgf #daa #eaj #edb #dfc #eaf #eia #eig #fbc ,feb4 #cbc #ccj #cec #dae #ddi #chh #dcg #dih #dig #eff ,mar4 #ceh #cei #dai #dfc #eaj #dcj #eac #fjj #ehe #fjd ,apr4 #cfd #cec #dje #dcf #dii #dcj #ejg #egj #edc #fad ,may #ced #cci #dah #ddd #ejg #dba #dia #ecg #eeg #fjd ,june #cfh #cej #djh #ddc #dgi #dai #ejd #edh #efb #efg ,july #cgi #cdh #djc #ddj #ejf #ddh #eae #edc #eee #fjb ,aug4 #cbf #ccf #cib #dcb #dfg #djd #dhb #ejh #ebh #egb ,sep4 #cch #cej #djc #dbj #ded #dcd #ejf #eaf #edb #efd ,oct4 #cid #dje #dfj #eba #efa #dia #ehb #eib #fjf #gja ,nov4 #cef #dah #dfa #eje #dah #dhj #egb #ehb #fjc #fee ,dec4 #chj #dcj #dgf #ejd #djf #eab #eid #eia #fji #fee ,totals #dccj #dcid #ejji #eecc #egih #ecbj #fbai #ffgf #fghd #gcbg #aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag4aiah4aiai4aibj 4aiba4aibb4 ,jan4 #fic #fhc #fbj #gha #ajea #aahb #adef ,feb4 #ehd #efc #edc #gai #hhd #ajjj #aafj ,mar4 #fbh #fdj #fbh #hbj #ajef #abbd #acei ,apr4 #fbf #fce #fbj #gge #ajcf #abci #acbf ,may #fah #eic #eii #haf #ajgc #abga #adbh ,june #eih #faj #faj #haj #ajfd #abdf #addi ,july #fba #fca #fbc #gii #ajdh #acbd #aefb ,aug4 #efc #ece #egc #hje #ajda #acbj #aeaf ,sep4 #eii #edj #fad #hej #ajae #abga #aeih ,oct4 #gjc #fac #gda #ajjb #abed #aeaf #ahji ,nov4 #fca #efh #gef #ajaf #abci #acge #afgb ,dec4 #ffh #faa #gig #ajcf #aaib #adae #aegf ,totals #gecb #gbbb #ggbdajbbiabiecaechcagiji ,,receipts ,,of ,,hogs ,,at ,,chicago ,,in ,,millions ,,of ,,pounds4 7#jjj1jjj omitted7 #aijc4aijd4aije4aijf4aijg4aijh4aiji4aiaj 4aiaa4aiab4 ,jan4 #agj #agi #aih #aie #ahj #bci #aff #aai #aae #ahg ,feb4 #add #agd #aeb #aeh #aea #ahd #ada #abb #aej #agb ,mar4 #aab #abf #adc #ace #acb #aec #aeb #hf #afh #adc ,apr4 #aag #aaf #aba #aaa #acf #ajh #ajb #gd #abe #abi ,may #acj #abd #adc #abg #aeb #acb #abc #aaj #aed #adf ,june #aef #abh #aci #ada #aci #acf #aac #abj #acb #abh ,july #abh #gi #aae #ace #adg #aah #aja #if #aah #abe ,aug4 #acc #abj #aae #ach #abh #aje #ib #aab #aaf #ajc ,sep4 #abj #hg #aae #aac #aba #hc #hb #ib #ii #ie ,oct4 #aji #aaj #ace #aba #ajd #aca #ia #ajg #abd #aah ,nov4 #ade #afd #afb #abg #ii #agd #abg #abg #add #abg ,dec4 #aid #ahd #agh #adh #agb #ahd #ach #acf #ade #adg ,totals#a1feha1eiaa1gafa1fdia1ffaa1gdga1 dbha1cjaa1eija1fbj #aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag4aiah4aiai4aibj 4aiba4aibb4 ,jan4 #ahb #aeg #bjj #bci #bbd #aeg #bef ,feb4 #adi #ade #aff #aic #afb #bab #bab ,mar4 #ada #abg #adi #aeg #aca #bcb #aee ,apr4 #abi #ajc #aji #aai #aaf #aij #adg ,may #acc #aaj #acb #ace #abg #aeg #afc ,june #adi #aci #acj #abh #aad #aba #ahb ,july #abf #aab #abb #abb #aaj #aec #adf ,aug4 #acb #ajb #aji #acf #gi #aje #if ,sep4 #aca #ij #ig #ajf #eh #ih #aaj ,oct4 #acd #aai #he #afd #ib #aei #ace ,nov4 #acc #ie #aeb #bjg #adf #bjb #ahb ,dec4 #ahi #bbf #bbc #bah #afh #bbc #bcd ,totals#a1gbha1ebea1fgda1ibda1ebgb1jjib1 jah ,the next problem is to eliminate the normal seasonal variation4 ,for example1 hog prices have a normal tendency to go down in the fall of the year1 whereas bank clearings have an equally normal tendency to go up4 ,obviously1 seasonal trends must be eliminated if such series as hog prices and bank clearings are to be compared4 ,as an average of the fourteen years from #aijc to #aiaf1 inclusive1 heavy hog prices at ,chicago averaged in ,january1 #f4ed2 ,february1 #f4hc2 ,march1 #g4bb2 ,april1 #g4cj2 ,may1 #g4aj2 ,june1 #g4aj2 ,july1 #g4ah2 ,august1 #g4ad2 ,september1 #g4bi2 ,october1 #g4jh2 ,november1 #f4fe2 ,december1 #f4ee2 average for the entire year1 #g4 ,on this basis1 ,january is #ic per cent of the yearly average2 ,february1 #ih per cent2 ,march1 #ajc per cent2 ,april1 #ajd per cent2 ,may1 #aja per cent2 ,june1 #aja per cent2 ,july1 #ajc per cent2 ,august1 #ajb per cent2 ,september1 #ajd per cent2 ,october1 #aja per cent2 ,november1 #ie per cent1 and ,december1 #id per cent4 ,the ,december average for #aijb-aiae is #f4cj1 or #ij per cent4 ,obviously1 the seasonal variation as just stated in percentages is affected to some extent by the secular trend1 for the ,decembers of #aijb-aiae average #ij per cent1 and those of #aijc-aiaf average #id per cent4 ,taking the secular trend out of our seasonal1 or adding #b points to the early months of the year and subtracting #b points from the last months of the year1 we get approximately3 ,january1 #ie2 ,february1 #ii2 ,march1 #ajd2 ,april1 #aje2 ,may1 #ajb2 ,june1 #aja2 ,july1 #ajc2 ,august1 #ajb2 ,september1 #ajc2 ,october1 #ajj2 ,november1 #id1 and ,december1 #ib4f ,hog receipts at ,chicago1 in the same manner1 have a modified seasonal factor of ,january1 #acb per cent2 ,february1 #aag per cent2 ,march1 #ajb per cent2 ,april1 #he per cent2 ,may1 #ii per cent2 ,june1 #ii per cent2 ,july1 #hg per cent2 ,august1 #hg per cent2 ,september1 #gd per cent2 ,october1 #hf per cent2 ,november1 #ajc per cent2 ,december1 #abi per cent4 ,for bank clearings outside of ,new ,york ,city1 the modified seasonal factors are3 ,january1 #aji2 ,february1 #ic2 ,march1 #ajd2 ,april1 #ajj2 ,may1 #ii2 ,june1 #ig2 ,july1 #ih2 ,august1 #ij2 ,september1 #ic2 ,october1 #ajh2 ,november1 #ajc1 and ,december1 #ajf4 ,after securing normal seasonal variation1 the next step is to modify secular trend for seasonal variation4 ,secular trend of hog prices1 as modified seasonally1 is portrayed in ,chart ,,ii4 ,the secular trend price of hogs in ,january1 #aijc1 is #e4ai1 which sum1 multiplied by the seasonal factor #if1 gives #d4ih as the secular price of hogs modified seasonally for ,january1 #aijc4 ,the actual price was #f4fj1 or #a4fb above the secular modified seasonally1 or #ca per cent greater than the secular price of #e4ai4 ,in this way the percentage of departure for each month from #aijc thru #aiaf may be figured4 ,this has been done for hog prices1 hog receipts and bank clearings outside of ,new ,york ,city4#g ,now1 as it happens1 hog receipts are a much more violently fluctuating series than bank clearings outside of ,new ,york ,city4 ,to put the series on an even footing1 resort is made to what is known as the standard deviation4 ,to secure the standard deviation of hog price percentage departures1 add up the squares of these departures4 ,the total for the #afh months from #aijc thru #aiaf is #ca1hid1 or1 dividing by #afh1 we get #aij4 ,the square root of #aij is #ac4h1 which is the standard deviation of hog prices4 ,standard deviation means that the probabilities are that on the average not more than one out of three of the series of figures under consideration will exceed the standard deviation4 ,standard deviation for hog receipts is #ae1 and for bank clearings #h4g4 ,this indicates that hog receipts depart from the secular trend as modified seasonally with nearly twice as great violence as do bank clearings4 ,to put all three series on the same footing1 we divide the percentage departures by the standard deviation1 #ac4h in the case of hog prices1 #ae in the case of hog receipts1 and #h4g in the case of bank clearings4 ,in ,january of #aijc1 for example1 hog prices were greater than the secular modified seasonally by #b4c times the standard deviation2 hog receipts were less by 4#c of the standard deviation1 and bank clearings were over by 4#i of the standard deviation4 ,the cycles of the hog prices1 hog receipts and bank clearings1 as secured in this way by reducing for standard deviation1 are comparable4 ,the results are charted in ,charts ,,iii1 ,,iv1 ,v4 ,illustration3 ,chart ,i--,irregular line represents actual ,chicago hog prices4 ,straight line represents secular trend4 ,illustration3 ,chart ,,ii is identical with ,chart ,i except that the dotted line has been added1 which represents the secular trend as corrected seasonally4 ,it may be seen from examining these charts that hog prices seem to be related directly to bank clearings and inversely to hog receipts4 ,the problem is3 ,blend hog receipts and bank clearings together in such a way as to secure hog prices4 ,the mathematical method of approach is by correlation coefficients and lines of regression4 ,first1 a simple illustration of the method of securing correlation coefficients3 ,take the two series1 ,a and ,b1 which deviate from their respective means by the amounts stated in ,columns #b and #c4 ,in ,column #a is the year1 which has nothing to do with the mathematics of the case4 ,column #d is ,a squared1 ,column #e is ,b squared1 and ,column #f is ,a multiplied by ,b4 #a #b #c #d #e #f ,a ,b ,a squared,b squared,a times ,b #aija #c #e #i #be #ae #aijb #a #a #a #a #a #aijc #b #c #d #i #f #aijd #b #a #d #a #b ,sum #ah #cf #bb ,the standard deviation of ,a is the square root of the sum of the ,a squares1 or #ah1 divided by #d4 ,the square root of #ah divided by #d is #b4a4 ,standard deviation of ,b1 in like manner1 is #c4 ,the sum of ,,ab divided by #d1 or #bb divided by #d1 equals #e4e4 ,the correlation coefficient is #e4e divided by the standard deviation of ,a multiplied by the standard deviation of ,b1 or #e4e divided by #f4c1 which gives 4#hg4 ,a correlation coefficient of 4#hg is very high1 perfect correlation being #a4 ,correlation over 4#e is considered fairly good1 especially if there is a long list 7fifty or more7 of figures in each series4 ,the formula for determining ,a in terms of ,b is3 ,a equals r77a7_/7b77,b ,in this formula1 r is the correlation coefficient and a is the standard deviation of ,a1 and b is the standard deviation of ,b4 ,substituting for the specific problem1 we get3 ,a equals 4#hg77b4a7_/7c4j77;,b or ,a equals 4#fji ,b ,when ,b is #e we would expect ,a to be #c4je2 when ,b is #a we would expect ,a to be 4#fji2 when ,b is #c1 we would expect ,a to be #a4hbg4 ,suppose now1 in addition1 that there are three series3 ,a1 ,b and ,c1 and that the object is to determine ,a in terms of ,b and ,c4 ,the three series stand3 ,a ,b ,c #aija #c #e #b #aijb #a #a #c #aijc #b #c #c #aijd #b #a #b ,we already know that the standard deviation of ,a is #b4a1 and of ,b is #c4j1 and that the correlation coefficient between ,a and ,b is 4#hg4 ,using the customary method1 we find that the standard deviation of ,c is #b4ee and that the correlation coefficient of ,a and ,c is 4#hi1 and of ,b and ,c 4#ei4 ,to find ,a in terms of ,b and ,c1 we use the following formula3 ,a equals 77rab racrbc7_/7#a r#b;bc7777a7_/7b77,b 77rac rabrbc7_/7#a r#b;bc7777a7_/7c77,c ,in this formula rab means correlation coefficient between ,a and ,b1 etc42 a means standard deviation of ,a4 ,substituting1 we get3 ,a equals 774#hg 4#ec7_/74fe7777b4a7_/7c4j77;,b 774#hi 4#ea7_/74fe7777b4a7_/7b4ee77;,c or1 ,a equals 4#cg;,b 4#di;,c ,illustration3 ,chart ,,iii4 ,cycles of hog prices secured by dividing the percentage deviation of actual prices from the secular corrected seasonally1 by the standard deviation4 ,illustration3 ,chart ,,iv--,cycles of hog receipts1 secured by dividing the percentage deviation from secular trend corrected seasonally1 by the standard deviation4 ,illustration3 ,chart ,v--,cycles of bank clearings outside of ,new ,york ,city1 secured by dividing the percentage deviation from the secular trend corrected seasonally1 by the standard deviation4 ,applying this formula1 we find that when ,c is #b and ,b is #e1 as in the year #aija1 we would expect ,a to be #b4hc1 and when ,c is #c and ,b is #a1 as in #aijb1 we would expect ,a to be #a4a4 ,in like manner1 in #aijc1 we would expect ,a to be #b4fj and in #aijd #a4ce4 ,the results expressed in a table are3 ,actual ,a,a as predicted by formula from ,b and ,c #aija #c #b4hc #aijb #a #a4aj #aijc #b #b4fj #aijd #b #a4ce ,the practical problem is to express hog prices in terms of hog receipts and bank clearings4 ,practically the same method is used with the #afh months from #aijc thru #aiaf1 as with the four years which have just been used for illustration4 ,the standard deviations are #aj4a for hog receipts1 #aj4e for hog prices and #i4h for bank clearings4 ,the correlation coefficients are 4#ci between hog prices and bank clearings1 4#bf between hog receipts and bank clearings1 and 4#d between hog receipts and hog prices4 ,using the formula3 ,a equals r77a7_/7b77,b and allowing ,a to represent hog prices and ,b to represent bank clearings1 we get3 ,hog prices equal 4#ci77aj4e7_/7j4h77 bank clearings1 or ,hog prices equal 4#dag bank clearings ,this formula is converted back into percentage departures from secular trend modified seasonally1 and finally into hog prices as affected by bank clearings4 ,the demand1 or bank clearing1 price1 of hogs as compared with the actual is shown in ,chart ,,vi4 ,in like manner we get3 ,hog prices equal 4#d77aj4e7_/7aj4a77 hog receipts1 or ,hog prices equal 4#dbf hog receipts ,this formula is converted back into percentage departures from the secular trend modified seasonally1 and finally into hog prices as affected by hog receipts4 ,the supply price of hogs as compared with the actual is shown in ,chart ,,vii4 ,illustration3 ,chart ,,vi--,dotted line is the demand price of hogs1 based on bank clearings4 ,irregular solid line is actual price1 and straight line is secular trend4 ,illustration3 ,chart ,,vii--,dotted line is supply price of hogs1 based on receipts at ,chicago4 ,irregular solid line is actual price1 and straight line is secular trend4 ,illustration3 ,chart ,,viii--,dotted line is supply-and-demand price of hogs1 based on bank clearings and hog receipts4 ,irregular solid line is actual price4 ,using the longer formula on page #hi1 we get3 ,hog prices equal 4#ef bank clearings minus 4#ef hog receipts4 ,or converted into percentage departures from the secular trend corrected seasonally3 4#ij of bank clearings in percentage departures minus 4#ea of hog receipts in percentage departures equals the percentage which hog prices depart from their secular corrected seasonally4 ,for instance1 in ,january1 #aijc1 bank clearings were #h per cent above the secular corrected seasonally1 and hog receipts were #e per cent below4 ,eight times 4#ij plus #e times 4#ea gives #i4g as the percentage which we would expect hog prices to be over their secular corrected seasonally4 ,the secular for ,january1 #aijc1 was #e4ai2 #i4g per cent of #e4ai gives #ej cents4 ,the secular corrected seasonally for ,january1 #aijc1 is #d4ih4 ,add #ej cents to #d4ih and we get #e4dh as the price which we would have expected heavy hogs to sell at ,chicago in ,january1 #aijc1 on the basis of good business and small hog receipts4 ,actually1 hogs sold for #f4fj1 or #a4ab over the price predicted by formula4 ,this is done for all the months from #aijc to #aiaf1 and the supply-and-demand price of hogs1 as derived from hog receipts at ,chicago and bank clearings outside of ,new ,york is charted in ,chart ,,viii1 in comparison with the actual prices4 ,,predicting ,,the ,,future ,,of ,,hog ,,prices ,we assume that at the present time1 and probably for some time to come1 we are on a basis of #ij per cent above #aiac for hog prices1 and #ajj per cent over #aiac in bank clearings4 ,this conclusion is based to some extent on the reasoning presented in the ,june monthly supplement of the ,harvard ,review of ,economic ,statistics for the year #aiai4 ,on this basis1 the secular trend of heavy hog prices at ,chicago1 modified seasonally1 should be roughly as follows for the several years beginning with #aiai3 ,january1 #ad4ce2 ,february1 #ae4jg2 ,march1 #ae4hb2 ,april1 #ae4fg2 ,may1 #ae4bb2 ,june1 #ae4bb2 ,july1 #ae4eb2 ,august1 #ae4bb2 ,september1 #ae4eb2 ,october1 #ae4jg2 ,november1 #ad4af1 and ,december1 #ac4hf4h ,this is on the assumption that hog prices and prices generally will have for their normal mean a level #ij per cent above the #aiac level4 ,it is expected that in a rough way hog prices will depart from this level according to the size of hog receipts and the condition of general business as expressed by bank clearings4 7,during #aibj1 and possibly #aiba1 heavy exports will doubtless have influence47 ,the secular trend of bank clearings outside ,new ,york1 modified seasonally1 for the year beginning with #aiai1 is taken as3 ,january1 #ac1ieb1jjj1jjj2 ,february1 #aa1fdh1jjj1jjj2 ,march1 #ac1jef1jjj1jjj2 ,april1 #ab1hjj1jjj1jjj2 ,may1 #ab1daf1jjj1jjj2 ,june1 #ab1daf1jjj1jjj2 ,july1 #ab1edd1jjj1jjj2 ,august1 #aa1fdh1jjj1jjj2 ,september1 #ab1jcb1jjj2 ,october1 #ac1hbd1jjj1jjj2 ,november1 #ac1ddj1jjj1jjj1 and ,december1 #ac1hbd1jjj1jjj4 ,the secular trend of hog receipts at ,chicago in millions of pounds1 modified seasonally1 for the period beginning with #aiai1 is taken as3 ,january1 #ahd2 ,february1 #afc2 ,march1 #adc2 ,april1 #aah2 ,may1 #aci2 ,june1 #aci2 ,july1 #aba2 ,august1 #aba2 ,september1 #ajc2 ,october1 #abj2 ,november1 #add1 and ,december1 #ahj4 ,based on the formula as secured in the preceding chapter 7hog price equals 4#ef bank clearings minus 4#ef hog receipts71 we would expect the following scale of hog prices in ,january1 when receipts follow the secular trend 7#ahd1jjj1jjj pounds at ,chicago71 but bank clearings are variable3 ,bank ,clearings in ,january4 ,heavy ,hog ,prices4 #aa1jjj1jjj1jjj #aa4ce #aa1ejj1jjj1jjj #aa4he #af1ejj1jjj1jjj #af4he ,in like manner1 tables may be made up for each month of the year1 the idea being that for each #ejj1jjj1jjj the bank clearings outside of ,new ,york are above or below the secular trend seasonally modified1 fifty cents is added to or subtracted from the secular trend hog price seasonally modified4 ,thus for ,april the tables would be3 ,bank ,clearings in ,april4 ,heavy ,hog ,prices4 #i1hjj1jjj1jjj #ab4fg #ab1hjj1jjj1jjj #ae4fg #ae1hjj1jjj1jjj #ah4fg ,taking the tables as worked out for bank clearings and hog prices1 we next modify for hog receipts4 ,an excess of #cc1jjj1jjj pounds of hog receipts at ,chicago in a month means on the average #a4hj lower prices1 and vice versa4 ,thus1 in ,january1 with bank clearings at #ac1ieb1jjj1jjj1 we would expect the following prices with various sizes of hog receipts3 ,hog ,receipts 7in ,pounds74 ,heavy ,hog ,prices4 #afb1jjj1jjj #ae4ee #ahd1jjj1jjj #ad4ce #aie1jjj1jjj #ac4ge #bjf1jjj1jjj #ac4ae #bbh1jjj1jjj #aa4ie ,the tables herewith give this problem worked out in detail for the various months4 ,it is realized that at this writing1 in early #aibj1 financial matters are still so deranged by the great war that our secular trend for bank clearings may be wide of the mark4 ,this is the best prediction we can offer at this writing1 and we are offering it fully aware of its weakness1 but fully believing that predictions of this sort will stimulate more thoro research4 ,it is believed that better measures of demand may eventually be found than bank clearings outside of ,new ,york ,city1 and that better measures of supply may be found than receipts at ,chicago4 ,also there is a possibility that the varying size of exports of hog products should be taken into account4 ,,price ,,of ,,heavy ,,hogs ,,per ,,hundredweight1 ,,as ,,predicted ,,from ,,hog ,,receipts ,,and ,,bank ,,clearings ,,outside ,,of ,,new ,,york ,,city4 ,,january4 ,bank ,clearings ,hog ,receipts at ,chicago1 in ,millions of ,pounds4 ,outside ,new ,york4 #afb #agc #ahd #aie #bjf #bag #bbh #bci #ac1jjj1jjj1jjjad4eeac4ieac4ceab4geab4ae aa4eeaj4ieaj4ce #ac1ejj1jjj1jjj #ae4je #ad4de #ac4he #ac4be #ab4fe #ab4je #aa4de #aj4he #ad1jjj1jjj1jjj #ae4ee #ad4ie #ad4ce #ac4ge #ac4ae #ab4ee #aa4ie #aa4ce #ad1ejj1jjj1jjj #af4je #ae4de #ad4he #ad4be #ac4fe #ac4je #ab4de #aa4he #ae1jjj1jjj1jjj #af4ee #ae4ie #ae4ce #ad4ge #ad4ae #ac4ee #ab4ie #ab4ce #ae1ejj1jjj1jjj #ag4je #af4de #ae4he #ae4be #ad4fe #ad4je #ac4de #ab4he #af1jjj1jjj1jjj #ag4ee #af4ie #af4ce #ae4ge #ae4ae #ad4ee #ac4ie #ac4ce #af1ejj1jjj1jjj #ah4je #ag4de #af4he #af4be #ae4fe #ae4je #ad4de #ac4he ,,february4 ,bank ,clearings ,hog ,receipts at ,chicago1 in ,millions of ,pounds4 ,outside ,new ,york4 #ada #aeb #afc #agd #ahe #aif #bjg #bah #aj1fjj1jjj1jjjae4bgac4fgad4jgac4dgaa4hg ab4bgaa4fgaa4jg #aa1ajj1jjj1jjj #ae4gg #ad4ag #ad4eg #ac4ig #ab4cg #ab4gg #ab4ag #aa4eg #aa1fjj1jjj1jjj #af4bg #ad4fg #ae4jg #ad4dg #ab4hg #ac4bg #ab4fg #ab4jg #ab1ajj1jjj1jjj #af4gg #ae4ag #ae4eg #ad4ig #ac4cg #ac4gg #ac4ag #ab4eg #ab1fjj1jjj1jjj #ag4bg #ae4fg #af4jg #ae4dg #ac4hg #ad4bg #ac4fg #ac4jg #ac1ajj1jjj1jjj #ag4gg #af4ag #ae4eg #ae4ig #ad4cg #ad4gg #ad4ag #ac4eg #ac1fjj1jjj1jjj #ah4bg #af4fg #ag4jg #af4dg #ad4hg #ae4bg #ad4fg #ad4jg #ad1ajj1jjj1jjj #ah4gg #ag4ag #ag4eg #af4ig #ae4cg #ae4gg #ae4ag #ad4eg ,,march4 ,bank ,clearings ,hog ,receipts at ,chicago1 in ,millions of ,pounds4 ,outside ,new ,york4 #aba #acb #adc #aed #afe #agf #ahg #aih #ab1ajj1jjj1jjjaf4jbae4dbad4hbad4bbac4fb ac4jbab4dbaa4hb #ab1fjj1jjj1jjj #af4eb #ae4ib #ad4cb #ad4gb #ad4ab #ac4eb #ab4ib #ab4cb #ac1ajj1jjj1jjj #ag4jb #af4db #ae4hb #ae4bb #ad4fb #ad4jb #ac4db #ab4hb #ac1fjj1jjj1jjj #ag4eb #af4ib #af4cb #ae4gb #ae4ab #ad4eb #ac4ib #ac4cb #ad1ajj1jjj1jjj #ah4jb #ag4db #af4hb #af4bb #ae4fb #ae4jb #ad4db #ac4hb #ad1fjj1jjj1jjj #ah4eb #ag4ib #ag4cb #af4gb #af4ab #ae4eb #ad4ib #ad4cb #ae1ajj1jjj1jjj #ai4jb #ah4db #ag4gb #ag4bb #af4fb #af4jb #ae4db #ad4hb #ae1fjj1jjj1jjj #ai4eb #ah4ib #ah4cb #ag4gb #ag4ab #af4eb #ae4ib #ae4cb ,,april4 ,bank ,clearings ,hog ,receipts at ,chicago1 in ,millions of ,pounds4 ,outside ,new ,york4 #if #ajg #aah #abi #adj #aea #afb #agc #aa1hjj1jjj1jjjae4hgae4bgad4fgad4jgac4dg ab4hgab4bgaa4fg #ab1cjj1jjj1jjj #af4cg #ae4gg #ae4ag #ad4eg #ac4ig #ac4cg #ab4gg #ab4ag #ab1hjj1jjj1jjj #af4hg #af4bg #ae4fg #ae4jg #ad4dg #ac4hg #ac4bg #ab4fg #ac1cjj1jjj1jjj #ag4cg #af4gg #af4ag #ae4eg #ad4ig #ad4cg #ac4gg #ac4ag #ac1hjj1jjj1jjj #ag4hg #ag4bg #af4fg #af4jg #ae4dg #ad4hg #ad4bg #ac4fg #ad1cjj1jjj1jjj #ah4cg #ag4gg #ag4ag #af4eg #ae4ig #ae4cg #ad4gg #ad4ag #ad1hjj1jjj1jjj #ah4hg #ah4bg #ag4fg #ag4jg #af4dg #ae4hg #ae4bg #ad4fg #ae1cjj1jjj1jjj #ai4cg #ah4gg #ah4ag #ag4eg #af4ig #af4cg #ae4gg #ae4ag ,,may4 ,bank ,clearings ,hog ,receipts at ,chicago1 in ,millions of ,pounds4 ,outside ,new ,york4 #aag #abh #aci #aej #afa #agb #ahc #aid #aa1djj1jjj1jjjae4dbad4hbad4bbac4fbac4jb ab4dbaa4hbaa4bb #aa1ijj1jjj1jjj #ae4ib #ae4cb #ad4gb #ad4ab #ac4eb #ab4ib #ab4cb #aa4gb #ab1djj1jjj1jjj #af4db #ae4hb #ae4bb #ad4fb #ad4jb #ac4db #ab4hb #ab4bb #ab1ijj1jjj1jjj #af4ib #af4cb #ae4gb #ae4ab #ad4eb #ac4ib #ac4cb #ab4gb #ac1djj1jjj1jjj #ag4db #af4hb #af4bb #ae4fb #ae4jb #ad4db #ac4hb #ac4bb #ac1ijj1jjj1jjj #ag4ib #ag4cb #af4gb #af4ab #ae4eb #ad4ib #ad4cb #ac4gb #ad1djj1jjj1jjj #ah4db #ag4hb #ag4bb #af4fb #af4jb #ae4db #ad4hb #ad4bb #ad1ijj1jjj1jjj #ah4ib #ah4cb #ag4gb #ag4ab #af4eb #ae4ib #ae4cb #ad4gb ,,june4 ,bank ,clearings ,hog ,receipts at ,chicago1 in ,millions of ,pounds4 ,outside ,new ,york4 #aag #abh #aci #aej #afa #agb #ahc #aid #aa1djj1jjj1jjjae4dbad4hbad4bbac4fbac4jb ab4dbaa4hbaa4bb #aa1ijj1jjj1jjj #ae4ib #ae4cb #ad4gb #ad4ab #ac4eb #ab4ib #ab4cb #aa4gb #ab1djj1jjj1jjj #af4db #ae4hb #ae4bb #ad4fb #ad4jb #ac4db #ab4hb #ab4bb #ab1ijj1jjj1jjj #af4ib #af4cb #ae4gb #ae4ab #ad4eb #ac4ib #ac4cb #ab4gb #ac1djj1jjj1jjj #ag4db #af4hb #af4bb #ae4fb #ae4jb #ad4db #ac4hb #ac4bb #ac1ijj1jjj1jjj #ag4ib #ag4cb #af4gb #af4ab #ae4eb #ad4ib #ad4cb #ac4gb #ad1djj1jjj1jjj #ah4db #ag4hb #ag4bb #af4fb #af4jb #ae4db #ad4hb #ad4bb #ad1ijj1jjj1jjj #ah4ib #ah4cb #ag4gb #ag4ab #af4eb #ae4ib #ae4cb #ad4gb ,,july4 ,bank ,clearings ,hog ,receipts at ,chicago1 in ,millions of ,pounds4 ,outside ,new ,york4 #ii #aaj #aba #acb #adc #aed #afe #agf #aa1ejj1jjj1jjjae4gbae4abad4ebac4ibac4cb ab4gbab4abaa4eb #ab1jjj1jjj1jjj #af4bb #ae4fb #ae4jb #ad4db #ac4hb #ac4bb #ab4fb #ab4jb #ab1ejj1jjj1jjj #af4gb #af4ab #ae4eb #ad4ib #ad4cb #ac4gb #ac4ab #ab4eb #ac1jjj1jjj1jjj #ag4bb #af4fb #af4jb #ae4db #ad4hb #ad4bb #ac4fb #ac4jb #ac1ejj1jjj1jjj #ag4gb #ag4ab #af4eb #ae4ib #ae4cb #ad4gb #ad4ab #ac4eb #ad1jjj1jjj1jjj #ah4bb #ag4fb #ag4jb #af4db #ae4hb #ae4bb #ad4fb #ad4jb #ad1ejj1jjj1jjj #ah4gb #ah4ab #ag4eb #af4ib #af4cb #ae4gb #ae4ab #ad4eb #ae1jjj1jjj1jjj #ai4bb #ah4fb #ah4jb #ag4db #af4hb #af4bb #ae4fb #ae4jb ,,august4 ,bank ,clearings ,hog ,receipts at ,chicago1 in ,millions of ,pounds4 ,outside ,new ,york4 #ii #aaj #aba #acb #adc #aed #afe #agf #aj1fjj1jjj1jjjae4dbad4hbad4bbac4fbac4jb ab4dbaa4hbaa4bb #aa1ajj1jjj1jjj #ae4ib #ae4cb #ad4gb #ad4ab #ac4eb #ab4ib #ab4cb #aa4gb #aa1fjj1jjj1jjj #af4db #ae4hb #ae4bb #ad4fb #ad4jb #ac4db #ab4hb #ab4bb #ab1ajj1jjj1jjj #af4ib #af4cb #ae4gb #ae4ab #ad4eb #ac4ib #ac4cb #ab4gb #ab1fjj1jjj1jjj #ag4db #af4hb #af4bb #ae4fb #ae4jb #ad4db #ac4hb #ac4bb #ac1ajj1jjj1jjj #ag4ib #ag4cb #af4gb #af4ab #ae4eb #ad4ib #ad4cb #ac4gb #ac1fjj1jjj1jjj #ah4db #ag4hb #ag4bb #af4fb #af4jb #ae4db #ad4hb #ad4bb #ad1ajj1jjj1jjj #ah4ib #ah4cb #ag4gb #ag4ab #af4eb #ae4ib #ae4cb #ad4gb ,,september4 ,bank ,clearings ,hog ,receipts at ,chicago1 in ,millions of ,pounds4 ,outside ,new ,york4 #ha #ib #ajc #aad #abe #acf #adg #aeh #aa1jjj1jjj1jjjae4gbae4abad4ebac4ibac4cb ab4gbab4abaa4eb #aa1ejj1jjj1jjj #af4bb #ae4fb #ae4jb #ad4db #ac4hb #ac4bb #ab4fb #ab4jb #ab1jjj1jjj1jjj #af4gb #af4ab #ae4eb #ad4ib #ad4cb #ac4gb #ac4ab #ab4eb #ab1ejj1jjj1jjj #ag4bb #af4fb #af4jb #ae4db #ad4hb #ad4bb #ac4fb #ac4jb #ac1jjj1jjj1jjj #ag4gb #ag4ab #af4eb #ae4ib #ae4cb #ad4gb #ad4ab #ac4eb #ac1ejj1jjj1jjj #ah4bb #ag4fb #ag4jb #af4db #ae4hb #ae4bb #ad4fb #ad4jb #ad1jjj1jjj1jjj #ah4gb #ah4ab #ag4eb #af4ib #af4cb #ae4gb #ae4ab #ad4eb #ad1ejj1jjj1jjj #ai4bb #ah4fb #ah4jb #ag4db #af4hb #af4bb #ae4fb #ae4jb ,,october4 ,bank ,clearings ,hog ,receipts at ,chicago1 in ,millions of ,pounds4 ,outside ,new ,york4 #ih #aji #abj #aca #adb #aec #afd #age #ab1hjj1jjj1jjjae4bgad4fgad4jgac4dgab4hg ab4bgaa4fgaa4jg #ac1cjj1jjj1jjj #ae4gg #ae4ag #ad4eg #ac4ig #ac4cg #ab4gg #ab4ag #aa4eg #ac1hjj1jjj1jjj #af4bg #ae4fg #ae4jg #ad4dg #ac4hg #ac4bg #ab4fg #ab4jg #ad1cjj1jjj1jjj #af4gg #af4ag #ae4eg #ad4ig #ad4cg #ac4gg #ac4ag #ab4eg #ad1hjj1jjj1jjj #ag4bg #af4fg #af4jg #ae4dg #ad4hg #ad4bg #ac4fg #ac4jg #ae1cjj1jjj1jjj #ag4gg #ag4ag #af4eg #ae4ig #ae4cg #ad4gg #ad4ag #ac4eg #ae1hjj1jjj1jjj #ah4bg #ag4fg #ag4jg #af4dg #ae4hg #ae4bg #ad4fg #ad4jg #af1cjj1jjj1jjj #ah4gg #ah4ag #ag4eg #af4ig #af4cg #ae4gg #ae4ag #ad4eg ,,november4 ,bank ,clearings ,hog ,receipts at ,chicago1 in ,millions of ,pounds4 ,outside ,new ,york4 #abb #acc #add #aee #aff #agg #ahh #aii #ab1djj1jjj1jjjad4cfac4gfac4afab4efaa4if aa4cfaj4gfaj4af #ab1ijj1jjj1jjj #ad4hf #ad4bf #ac4ff #ac4jf #ab4df #aa4hf #aa4bf #aj4ff #ac1djj1jjj1jjj #ae4cf #ad4gf #ad4af #ac4ef #ab4if #ab4cf #aa4gf #aa4af #ac1ijj1jjj1jjj #ae4hf #ae4bf #ad4ff #ad4jf #ac4df #ab4hf #ab4bf #aa4ff #ad1djj1jjj1jjj #af4cf #ae4gf #ae4af #ad4ef #ac4if #ac4cf #ab4gf #ab4af #ad1ijj1jjj1jjj #af4hf #af4bf #ae4ff #ae4jf #ad4df #ac4hf #ac4bf #ab4ff #ae1djj1jjj1jjj #ag4cf #af4gf #af4af #ae4ef #ad4if #ad4cf #ac4gf #ac4af #ae1ijj1jjj1jjj #ag4hf #ag4bf #af4ff #af4jf #ae4df #ad4hf #ad4bf #ac4ff ,,december4 ,bank ,clearings ,hog ,receipts at ,chicago1 in ,millions of ,pounds4 ,outside ,new ,york4 #aeh #afi #ahj #aia #bjb #bac #bbd #bce #ab1hjj1jjj1jjjad4jfac4dfab4hfab4bfaa4ff aa4jfaj4df #i4hf #ac1cjj1jjj1jjj #ad4ef #ac4if #ac4cf #ab4gf #ab4af #aa4ef #aj4if #aj4cf #ac1hjj1jjj1jjj #ae4jf #ad4df #ac4hf #ac4bf #ab4ff #ab4jf #aa4df #aj4hf #ad1cjj1jjj1jjj #ae4ef #ad4if #ad4cf #ac4gf #ac4af #ab4ef #aa4if #aa4cf #ad1hjj1jjj1jjj #af4jf #ae4df #ad4hf #ad4bf #ac4ff #ac4jf #ab4df #aa4hf #ae1cjj1jjj1jjj #af4ef #ae4if #ae4cf #ad4gf #ad4af #ac4ef #ab4if #ab4cf #ae1hjj1jjj1jjj #ag4jf #af4df #ae4hf #ae4bf #ad4ff #ad4jf #ac4df #ab4hf #af1cjj1jjj1jjj #ag4ef #af4if #af4cf #ae4gf #ae4af #ad4ef #ac4if #ac4cf ,,limitations ,,of ,,the ,,mathematical ,,method ,such a mathematical formula as3 ,hog prices equal 4#ef bank clearings--4#ef hog receipts must always be applied with common sense4 ,in ,november of #aiad1 for instance1 hog receipts at ,chicago were abnormally small on account of foot-and-mouth disease1 and in ,december of the same year they were abnormally large for the same reason4 ,judging from receipts1 we might have expected heavy hogs to sell for #h4hc in ,november and #f4dd in ,december4 ,as a matter of fact1 the actual price was #g4ej in ,november and #g4aj in ,december4 ,it was commonly recognized by the trade that hog receipts at ,chicago in ,november and ,december of #aiad were abnormal1 and not representative of the potential supply in the country at large4 ,occasionally1 as in ,november of #aijg1 falling prices act to curtail receipts4 ,the small receipts in ,november1 #aijg1 would have indicated a price of #f4ge1 whereas the actual price was #d4ij4 ,as a matter of fact1 there was a large number of hogs that year1 and the actual price reflected the potential supply rather than the temporary supply4 ,it is possible to refine the method considerably4 ,for instance1 it may be worth while to proceed on the assumption that the relation between hog prices and hog receipts is best expressed by an equation representative of a hyperbola or skew curve instead of a straight line4 ,the straight line equation1 based on the years #aijc to #aiae1 inclusive1 is3 ,hog prices equal 4#h 4#ef hog receipts4 ,the hyperbola equation for these years is3 ,hog prices equal #a4bd 4#ee hog receipts 4#jjdf hog receipts squared4 ,the skew or cubic curve equation is3 ,hog prices equal #a4ah 4#bd hog receipts 4#jjbg hog receipts squared 4#jjjgi hog receipts cubed4 ,using these more complex mathematical methods1 it is often possible to express the relationships more exactly4 ,but no method1 however far refined1 will take the place of common sense market judgment4 ,nevertheless1 it may be decidedly helpful to a better understanding of the normal working of supply and demand to use both hyperbolas and cubic curves on occasion4 ,illustration3 ,chart illustrating the straight line as compared with the skew curve1 for purposes of expressing the relation between hog receipts at ,chicago and hog prices at ,chicago4 ,on the basis of the curve when the receipts are #de per cent less than the secular trend corrected seasonally1 the price should be #ch per cent over1 and when the receipts are #db per cent over the secular trend corrected seasonally1 the price should be #cc per cent under4 ,other refinements of the mathematical study of hog prices may consist in working out the correlation coefficients between hog prices and receipts at six markets or eleven markets instead of using ,chicago receipts alone4 ,work may be done looking into the relation between hog prices and potential supply as contrasted with the temporary or month-by-month supply4 ,so far as the relation between hog prices and business conditions is concerned1 it should be worth while to work out correlation coefficients between hog prices and the amount of new building1 or hog prices and ,dun's index number4 ,in fact1 there are a great many measures of business activities which may possibly measure the demand for hogs better than bank clearings outside of ,new ,york ,city4#i ,some people may think it advisable to work out a correlation and line of regression illustrating the relation between hog prices and corn prices4 ,this has been attempted1 but it has been found that after the secular and seasonal trends are taken out of both corn prices and hog prices there is practically no relation between them4 ,it is a curious commentary on our present marketing systems that corn prices and hog prices1 while very closely related decade by decade1 have very little influence on each other month by month4 ,in other words1 changing costs of production can have practically nothing to do with the month-by-month changes in the market price under our present economic system4 ,unusually high corn prices today are more likely to influence the hog prices of next year than the hog prices of today4 ,after everything has been done which can be done by mathematical method1 there will still be room for common sense judgment4 ,but such judgment is best applied by men wise in market lore1 men familiar with the technique of production1 and who also are familiar with such mathematical methods as are here described4 ,,conclusions ,,based ,,on ,,ratios ,,and ,,mathematics ,,of ,,supply ,,and ,,demand ,by means of corn-hog ratios1 it is possible to determine with great accuracy month by month the production cost of one hundred pounds of hog flesh4 ,the actual price1 however1 has been quite different from the cost-of-production price1 except as an average of long periods of time4 ,this is indicated by the profit and loss chart on page #cb1 the black areas above and below the zero line indicating the departure of the actual price from the ratio or cost of production price4 ,the actual price heretofore has been determined chiefly by the action of supply and demand and not by cost of production4 ,the close agreement between actual price and the supply-and-demand price as based on a formula derived from bank clearings and hog receipts is shown on page #if4 ,in the chart on page #ajg are presented the cost-of-production price based on ratios and the supply-and-demand price as based on bank clearings and hog receipts4 ,the ratio or cost-of-production price is much steadier than the supply-and-demand price4 ,if the farmers could arrange with the packers for a price more nearly representing the cost-of-production or ratio price1 it is obvious that the supply of hogs might be considerably steadied4 ,once farmers realize that neither excessive profits nor excessive losses are to be expected in the hog business1 they will steady down to producing about the same number of hogs each year1 and they will send them to market in a uniform stream1 instead of in irregular spurts4 ,of course1 there are always uncertainties in the way of weather1 disease1 etc4 ,hot1 dry weather in ,july and ,august may curtail the corn crop and shoot up the price of corn and the cost of producing hogs4 ,such hot1 dry weather immediately increases the cost of producing hogs4 ,the packers1 heretofore1 have been either unable or unwilling to pay a price for hogs sufficient to cover the increased cost of production caused by the hot1 dry weather1 and as a result they have been compelled to pay more than cost of production a year or so later4 ,why shouldn't the packers and farmers constantly educate the public to pay the cost-of-production price8 ,tell the public that the drouth and high corn prices have increased the cost of producing hogs1 and the price must be increased to prevent a shortage next year4 ,why shouldn't the farmers try to find a way to regulate the supply with an iron hand1 in an endeavor to maintain approximately the cost-of-production price at all times8 ,this means willingness to lower the price of hogs in years when the corn crop is large1 as well as ability to raise the price in years of a short corn crop4 ,illustration3 ,dotted line represents the supply-and-demand price of hogs as derived from bank clearings and hog receipts4 ,solid line represents cost of producing hogs1 based on corn-hog ratios4 ,unquestionably there are vagaries in the consuming demand for pork which might make the payment of a cost-of-production price difficult for a time4 ,it is believed1 however1 that powerful corn belt farmers' organizations working in co-operation with the packers should be able to educate consumers to the cost-of-production idea1 and so far as seasonal vagaries in the demand are concerned1 the farmers and packers should be able to come to an agreement providing for paying rather more than the demand price for hogs in times of poor demand and rather less than the demand price for hogs in times of good demand1 in an effort to make price meet cost of production rather than temporary demand idiosyncrasies4 ,it is realized that the difficulties in the way of paying cost of production at all times are even greater than here indicated4 ,the idea1 in fact1 runs counter to the laissez faire1 competitive price system under which business is conducted today4 ,it is believed1 however1 that in the future more and more attention must be paid to production and less and less to price manipulation4 ,to this end1 products must be sold at all times as nearly as possible at the cost-of-production price4 ,there must be no prospect of unusual profit or unusual loss in the production of staple products4 ,we are now referring to industries as a whole4 ,it is inevitable1 of course1 that certain individuals will make great profits and others will incur losses1 even in years when the cost-of-production or ratio price is paid4 ,full consideration must always be given to the physical facts and to special emergencies as they arise4 ,standard ratios representing cost of production for an industry may suddenly be rendered out-of-date by a new invention4 ,new situations must be recognized frankly1 but at all times the guiding motive should be to pay the cost-of-production price1 in order that supply and demand may operate more smoothly4 ,to give the cost of production price broader sway in our price system does not necessarily involve governmental control4 ,the first step is education in price judging4 ,even in the grade schools and country schools1 ratio methods of price judgment should be taught4 ,in high schools the matter may be carried farther1 and it is suggested that not only should the ratio method of price judging be taught in high school1 but also the practical use of correlation coefficients and lines of regression in determining prices from business conditions and the supply4 ,in college 7and the colleges have been most neglectful in this matter7 specific problems should be worked out in great detail4 ,students in such classes should have access to adding machines1 calculating machines1 rechentaffels1 and other modern devices for making calculations easy and accurate4 ,but the most important thing of all just now is adequate research by colleges1 by experiment stations1 and by governmental departments4 ,the government and market agencies must continue to improve their statistical records1 and research students must study these records with all the refinements of statistical method4 ,an excellent start along this line has been made by the ,harvard ,university ,committee on ,economic ,research4 ,this committee seems to be concerned altogether with the industrial world4 ,it is essential that the agricultural world be given similar service4 ,the object of it all is to discover the best possible kind of machinery thru which the law of supply and demand may work to the end that violent fluctuations in supply and demand may be reduced to the lowest possible point consistent with changing weather and unforeseeable accidents4 ,the present price system is not perfect2 it can be improved4 ,but before improvements can be made1 the present system must be studied with the greatest thoroness4 ,the great weakness of the present price system is that the men who operate it are concerned chiefly with making the greatest possible profit1 and not at all with making the law of supply and demand operate smoothly on a price level roughly equivalent to cost of production4 ,the highest purpose of our price system should be to tell producers truthfully what to do in the future1 instead of capitalizing a temporary supply and demand situation to the advantage of certain bright speculators4 ,the #d4ej price for hogs in ,january of #aijh was a lie so far as it guided the future action of hog producers4 ,so also was the #aa price in ,march of #aiaj4 ,both prices told the approximate truth about a temporary supply-and-demand situation4 ,but both were fundamentally lies4 ,our whole laissez faire system is full of lies of this sort4 ,surely we have enough in the way of legitimate physical handicaps such as weather and pests so that we should be willing to run our price system more truthfully4 ,so far as farmers are concerned1 the object of studies of this kind is1 first1 to play the price game as well as capital and labor2 and1 second1 to co-operate with capital and labor to enforce prices roughly equivalent to cost of production1 to the end that supply and demand may operate more smoothly4 ,it is anticipated that greater emphasis on 8cost-of-production price0 and less emphasis on 8supply-and-demand price0 will result in gradually replacing most business men with production engineers and statistical economists4 ,business men have had profit as their sole motive4 ,what we need is production engineers whose chief concern is production methods1 and statistical economists who are able to understand the delicate inter-relations of different industries4 ,it is believed that there is in most men a desire to do their work well1 and that this desire will find more complete expression1 to the benefit of the bulk of the people1 under the guidance of men whose supreme motive is not profit but technical understanding and love of the work to be done4 ,all this concerns the farmer1 to the extent that when the industrial world shifts to this kind of basis1 he may be more certain of a stable price for his products4 ,substituting production engineers and statistical economists for business men means doing away with the chance of excessive gains and excessive losses4 ,and this is proper so far as production of and trade in staple products is concerned4 ,the only place where the commercial imagination of the old-fashioned risk-taking business men has legitimate place is in working with things which are not staple1 such as theaters1 luxuries1 newspapers1 etc4 ,,appendix ,,suggestions ,,concerning ,,the ,,tables ,,in ,,the ,,appendix ,the man who studies the figures as to receipts1 prices1 etc41 as they unroll day by day and month by month in the great central markets gradually develops market judgment4 ,of course1 there is more in the market than figures1 but a thoro understanding of statistical relationships1 of normal seasonal trends1 etc41 is necessary before one can fully appreciate the extraordinary or strategical considerations which are occasionally involved4 ,it is suggested that those who are really interested in prices should fill in month by month in the blank tables the figures as they become available4 ,sources of current figures are the ,market ,reporter1 published weekly by the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture2 the daily live stock papers published at the great central markets2 the ,monthly ,crop ,reporters1 published by the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture1 and1 so far as retail prices are concerned1 the monthly publications of the ,bureau of ,labor ,statistics4 ,it is hoped that eventually the ,bureau of ,markets of the ,united ,states ,department of ,agriculture will have available exceedingly valuable figures4 ,at present1 however1 the ,bureau of ,markets figures are practically worthless because they have not been continued long enough to have sufficient background to enable anyone to judge them properly4 ,the effort has been made in the prices here collected to cover the period immediately preceding the war quite thoroly1 in order that those who are interested may work out normal pre-war relationships4 ,in all price questions1 the problem of grade is involved4 ,gradually the grade classifications have been made more and more scientific1 but even to this day there is haziness in certain products1 notably cattle4 ,it is believed1 therefore1 that the cattle prices are more unreliable than any other4 ,scientific grading of cattle is possible1 and will be adopted as soon as the producers are in position to demand it4 ,market figures furnish the laboratory of economics4 ,it is believed that it is as essential for students at agricultural colleges to do laboratory work in economics as it is for them to spend such a large part of their time in the chemical1 zoological or botanical laboratories4 ,when the agricultural students judge marketable live stock1 it is suggested that they be required to estimate the weight1 grade1 dressing percentage and probable ,chicago price4 ,an ingenious teacher1 who is familiar with economics and market grades of grain and live stock1 can think of many devices to bring home to his students the fact that the market is a living thing1 yet subject to certain laws which are almost as exact as ,mendel's law of inheritance4 ,the author will appreciate being informed of any mistakes in the figures4 ,great pains have been taken to make them accurate1 but it is inevitable that a few mistakes will creep in4 99 99 99 99 99 ,the following gives a description of grades and sources of information for some of the products for which figures are given in the tables of the ,appendix3 ,,heavy ,,hog ,,prices ,,at ,,chicago4 ,from #ahif to date1 heavy hog prices1 as compiled by ,chas4 ,a4 ,s4 ,mc,cracken for the ,chicago ,drovers' ,journal ,year ,book1 have been used4 ,from #ahha to #ahie1 inclusive1 the average of the range of ,chicago hog prices1 as compiled by the ,cincinnati ,price ,current1 has been used4 ,properly speaking1 these prices refer more nearly to average hogs than to heavy hogs4 ,previous to #ahha1 prices have been compiled from the ,chicago ,board of ,trade ,reports1 the grade known as heavy packers and shippers being used so far as possible4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,corn ,,prices ,,at ,,chicago4 ,no4 #b mixed has been used thruout4 ,from #ahhj to #aiaf1 inclusive1 the average of the high and low for the month has been taken4 ,since ,january1 #aiag1 each day of the month has been averaged4 ,previous to #ahhj1 averages were taken either weekly or semi-monthly4 ,all figures are derived either from the ,howard-,bartels ,red ,book or the ,chicago ,board of ,trade ,reports4 ,the two sources generally agree4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,oats ,,prices ,,at ,,chicago4 ,previous to #ahgf1 the grade known as ,no4 #a was chiefly used4 ,since #ahgf1 ,no4 #b1 ,standard or ,contract oats has been used4 ,previous to #ahha1 averages were taken weekly or semi-monthly4 ,since #ahha1 the high and low for the month have been averaged4 ,previous to #ahha1 ,chicago ,board of ,trade ,reports were used4 ,since #ahha1 the ,howard-,bartels ,red ,books have been used1 which quote practically the same figures as the ,board of ,trade4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,wheat ,,prices ,,at ,,chicago4 ,previous to #ahhc1 the grade known as ,no4 #b ,spring was used1 weekly or semi-monthly averages being taken from the ,chicago ,board of ,trade ,reports4 ,from #ahhc to #aijc1 inclusive1 there is a slight confusion in grades1 but the ,no4 #b ,spring is used chiefly1 averages of high and low for the month being taken from the ,howard-,bartels ,red ,book4 ,from #aijd to #aiac1 inclusive1 prices are based on ,no4 #b ,red and ,no4 #a ,northern1 the high of the one and the low of the other being used4 ,from #aiad on1 prices are based on ,no4 #b ,red1 ,no4 #b ,hard and ,no4 #a ,northern1 the highest of the highest-priced grade and the lowest of the lowest-priced grade being averaged4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,live ,,stock ,,prices ,,and ,,receipts4 ,practically all of the live stock figures since #aijc have been compiled from the ,chicago ,drovers' ,journal ,year ,books4 ,mr4 ,chas4 ,a4 ,s4 ,mc,cracken has compiled the price figures from actual transactions day by day in the stockyards for the past thirty years1 and is still with the ,drovers' ,journal4 ,the original source for live stock receipts is the stock yards companies1 but we have used the reports of the ,drovers' ,journal4 ,for the years #aijc1 #aijd and #aije1 for receipts at six markets1 we have used figures furnished by ,mr4 ,m4 ,f4 ,horine1 statistician for the ,chicago ,union ,stock ,yards4 ,these figures seem to be comparable with the figures for the later years1 except in the case of cattle1 where there is evidently some confusion in the counting of calves4 ,the cattle receipts at six markets1 as published by #aijc1 #aijd and #aije reports1 are about #h per cent too large to be truly comparable with the later years4 99 99 99 99 99 ,,retail ,,prices4 ,retail price figures are taken from the publications of the ,bureau of ,labor ,statistics4 ,concerning the significance of these figures1 the following statement of ,royal ,meeker1 ,commissioner of ,labor ,statistics1 is of value3 8,we secure retail prices of #dd articles of food from #ej cities on the #aeth of each month4 ,the stores selected are those patronized by wage-earners4 ,the goods carried are standard grades and brands4 ,the ,bureau requests that these grades and brands be uniform thruout the year1 as nearly as possible4 ,some of these stores are #8cash-and-carry1' and some of them deliver1 depending on the locality in which they are situated4 ,the ,bureau makes every effort to have each city represented by a sufficient number of stores so the prices published for that city will represent the average prices charged to the wage-earner4 ,of course1 the chances are that there will be differences1 as we do not carry either the high-class stores or the cut-rate stores40 ,,chicago ,,heavy ,,hog ,,prices4 #ahfj4ahfa4ahfb4ahfc4ahfd4ahfe4ahff4ahfg 4ahfh4ahfi4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january #d4he #e4je #b4ce #c4fj #e4ijaa4ae #i4cj #f4aj #f4fjaj4ae #f4ea ,february #e4be #e4jj #b4ej #d4je #f4ceaa4cj #i4de #f4ej #g4geaj4ce #f4he ,march #e4je #d4ge #c4jj #d4ae #f4eeaa4ae #i4dj #f4fj #h4fe #i4he #f4ib ,april #d4ij #d4ee #b4ij #d4be #f4ie #i4ej #h4ee #f4hj #h4ee #i4ge #f4fg ,may #d4hj #c4he #b4ej #c4ge #f4de #g4hj #h4ie #e4ij #g4fe #h4ge #f4jh ,july #e4bj #b4gj #b4ee #d4be #h4ee #i4be #i4dj #f4je #h4ce #h4ie #f4ec ,august #e4ce #b4ge #b4fj #c4hj #h4ijaj4he #i4he #f4ce #i4ae #i4bj #f4hh ,september #e4cj #b4hj #b4ij #d4bj #i4ejaa4gj #i4cj #f4ae #h4gj #i4be #f4ih ,october #e4cj #b4hj #b4ij #d4aj #h4feab4bj #h4fe #e4he #g4ej #i4cj #f4gc ,november #e4cj #b4fe #c4de #d4ej #i4geaa4ae #f4ie #e4ge #g4jj #i4aj #f4ef ,december #d4fj #b4de #c4hj #e4jeaj4je #i4je #e4he #f4fj #h4ce #i4hj #f4ef ,yearly #e4jf #c4ed #b4hc #d4af #g4iaaj4bc #h4fi #f4bd #h4jd #i4dd #f4fa aver4 #ahgj4ahga4ahgb4ahgc4ahgd4ahge4ahgf4ahgg 4ahgh4ahgi4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january #i4je #f4fj #d4ce #c4he #e4bj #f4fj #g4ae #f4de #d4je #b4ij #e4fb ,february #i4jj #g4cj #d4de #d4bj #e4ce #f4ie #g4ie #f4ae #c4ij #c4gj #e4ij ,march #h4ee #f4ge #d4de #d4ie #e4cj #g4ej #h4ee #e4ej #c4gj #c4ie #e4ib ,april #h4hj #e4fj #d4be #e4dj #e4ej #h4be #h4je #e4ee #c4ee #c4gj #e4hg ,may #h4ge #d4ee #d4je #d4ij #e4ej #g4ij #g4ae #e4cj #c4cj #c4ej #e4di ,june #h4fj #c4hj #c4ij #d4de #e4ee #g4jj #f4je #d4he #c4ej #c4ge #e4ae ,july #i4jj #d4dj #d4je #d4ee #f4je #g4je #g4jj #d4ie #d4aj #c4fj #e4dh ,august #i4ej #d4dj #d4fe #d4fj #f4ij #g4ge #f4ae #e4je #d4be #c4dj #e4fg ,september #i4cj #d4de #d4ij #d4ej #g4be #h4jj #f4jj #e4cj #c4ie #c4de #e4ga ,october #g4ij #d4cj #d4fj #d4cj #f4jj #g4ie #e4ij #e4ce #c4de #c4fj #e4cd ,november #f4he #d4jj #d4be #c4he #f4ej #g4cj #e4ge #d4gj #b4ie #c4he #e4jj ,december #f4ae #d4ae #c4ge #d4gj #f4he #f4ie #e4ie #d4be #b4gj #d4ee #e4jj ,yearly #h4df #e4jc #d4ca #d4ec #f4jj #g4dd #f4ha #e4bi #c4fb #c4fg #e4ea aver4 #ahhj4ahha4ahhb4ahhc4ahhd4ahhe4ahhf4ahhg 4ahhh4ahhi4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january #d4fj #e4ae #f4fj #f4ce #e4he #d4fj #c4he #d4de #e4dj #e4jj #e4ai ,february #d4de #e4ij #f4hj #f4ij #f4gj #d4fj #d4je #e4bj #e4ce #d4gj #e4dg ,march #d4de #e4ij #f4hj #g4be #f4ej #d4ee #d4ae #e4cj #e4de #d4ge #e4ea ,april #d4ej #e4ie #g4aj #g4ej #e4ie #d4ee #d4jj #e4jj #e4ej #d4ge #e4dh ,may #d4cj #f4je #g4gj #g4cj #e4ee #d4je #d4jj #d4fj #e4ee #d4ej #e4cf ,june #d4cj #e4ij #g4ij #f4ej #e4bj #d4jj #d4ae #d4ee #e4ee #d4ce #e4bd ,july #d4ee #f4dj #h4bj #e4fe #e4be #d4ee #d4fj #e4cj #f4aj #d4dj #e4ej ,august #d4ie #f4ej #h4de #e4ej #e4gj #d4ee #d4de #d4ge #f4bj #d4ae #e4eb ,september #e4be #f4ge #h4dj #e4bj #e4bj #d4aj #d4ce #e4jj #f4bj #d4bj #e4dg ,october #d4he #f4fj #g4fe #d4gj #d4gj #c4hj #d4aj #d4ej #f4je #d4be #e4ab ,november #d4ge #f4bj #f4ge #d4ge #d4de #c4ej #c4ge #d4he #e4ie #c4he #d4hh ,december #d4ge #f4ae #f4bj #e4bj #d4bj #c4fe #d4be #e4bj #e4bj #c4fj #d4hd ,yearly #d4fd #f4ac #g4ch #f4jg #e4dd #d4ba #d4ad #d4hi #e4ga #d4ch #e4cj aver4 #ahij4ahia4ahib4ahic4ahid4ahie4ahif4ahig 4ahih4ahii4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january #c4gj #c4ee #d4be #g4de #e4cj #d4be #c4ie #c4ce #c4fe #c4ge #d4cb ,february #c4ie #c4ej #d4fj #g4ie #e4aj #d4ae #d4aj #c4ce #d4jj #c4hj #d4de ,march #d4aj #d4bj #d4ee #g4ee #d4ge #d4fj #c4ij #c4he #c4ij #c4hj #d4eb ,april #d4be #d4hj #d4ej #g4je #e4jj #d4ij #c4ee #d4je #c4ij #c4he #d4ei ,may #d4je #d4fe #d4ee #g4dj #d4ij #d4ee #c4cj #c4ge #d4ce #c4ij #d4ed ,june #c4ge #d4ej #e4jj #f4fe #d4ge #d4fe #c4ae #c4dj #d4aj #c4hj #d4ch ,july #c4ge #e4aj #e4fe #e4fj #e4cj #e4aj #c4je #c4ej #c4ie #d4be #d4ec ,august #c4hj #e4aj #e4dj #e4je #e4ce #d4fe #c4je #c4ij #c4ij #d4ee #d4dh ,september #d4ce #d4ij #e4ae #f4jj #e4he #d4aj #b4ij #d4jj #c4he #d4dj #d4ee ,october #d4je #d4ej #e4ce #f4dj #e4ae #c4he #c4be #c4ge #c4gj #d4cj #d4dc ,november #c4hj #c4he #e4ej #e4gj #d4ce #c4ee #c4be #c4dj #c4de #c4ij #d4jh ,december #c4dj #c4fe #f4ae #e4fe #d4ce #c4ej #c4be #c4ce #c4dj #d4je #d4jh ,yearly #c4ib #d4cf #e4jf #f4ed #e4jb #d4cc #c4ci #c4fd #c4he #d4jc #d4da aver4 #aijj4aija4aijb4aijc4aijd4aije4aijf4aijg 4aijh4aiji4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january #d4ee #e4be #f4dj #f4fj #d4ie #d4gj #e4dj #f4fj #d4de #f4bj #e4ea ,february #d4ij #e4dj #f4cj #g4jj #e4be #d4ij #f4jj #g4je #d4ej #f4de #e4gh ,march #e4jj #e4ij #f4ej #g4de #e4ej #e4bj #f4cj #f4fe #e4je #f4hj #f4jd ,april #e4ee #e4he #g4aj #g4cj #e4ae #e4de #f4ej #f4fj #e4he #g4cj #f4bg ,may #e4cj #e4hj #g4jj #f4fj #d4ge #e4dj #f4de #f4ce #e4ej #g4dj #f4jf ,june #e4bj #f4jj #g4ej #f4je #e4je #e4cj #f4ee #f4je #e4hj #g4hj #f4ac ,july #e4be #e4ij #g4hj #e4de #e4ce #e4fj #f4fj #e4ij #f4ee #g4ij #f4bc ,august #e4bj #e4ie #g4be #e4cj #e4be #e4ij #f4ae #e4ij #f4fj #g4fj #f4aa ,september #e4be #f4fe #g4ee #e4ge #e4gj #e4dj #f4ae #e4hj #f4ij #h4aj #f4cc ,october #d4hj #f4aj #g4jj #e4dj #e4ce #e4aj #f4dj #f4je #f4je #g4he #f4ja ,november #d4hj #e4gj #f4ce #d4fj #d4hj #d4hj #f4bj #d4ij #e4ij #h4aj #e4fb ,december #d4ge #f4bj #f4ce #d4ej #d4ej #d4ij #f4be #d4fe #e4ge #h4de #e4fc ,yearly #e4je #e4hi #f4ic #f4jj #e4ad #e4bc #f4be #f4jd #e4gd #g4ej #e4ig aver4 #aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag 4aiah4aiai4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january #h4gj #g4he #f4cj #g4dj #h4ce #f4hj #g4cjaa4jjaf4djag4fj #i4gg ,february #i4bj #g4be #f4be #h4je #h4ee #f4gj #h4cjab4ejaf4gjag4fe #aj4ab ,march #aj4fe #f4gj #g4aj #h4ge #h4fj #f4fe #i4fjad4ijag4jjai4jj #aj4ia ,april #aj4jj #f4ae #g4he #h4hj #h4ej #g4je #i4gjae4hjag4djbj4cj #aa4af ,may #i4ej #e4he #g4gj #h4dj #h4cj #g4dj #i4heaf4jjag4debj4fj #aa4aa ,june #i4ce #f4ae #g4ej #h4ej #h4ae #g4ce #i4geae4feaf4ejbj4cj #aj4ib ,july #h4fj #f4fe #g4fj #h4ie #h4fj #f4ie #i4geae4bjag4gjba4fe #aa4ag ,august #h4be #g4ae #h4je #h4aj #h4ge #f4gjaj4bjag4jjah4ijai4ge #aa4bi ,september #h4gj #f4ge #h4cj #h4aj #h4fj #g4bjaj4eeah4cjai4eeag4be #aa4cc ,october #h4de #f4ej #h4fe #h4ae #g4ee #g4ge #i4heag4beag4eead4be #aj4fj ,november #g4ge #f4ce #g4ge #g4hj #g4ej #f4he #i4heag4fjag4gjad4aj #aj4ca ,december #g4fe #f4be #g4de #g4gj #g4aj #f4fjaj4jjaf4ieag4eeac4ej #aj4jh ,yearly #h4hi #f4fd #g4ed #h4bc #h4bb #g4jj #i4efae4fhag4ecah4jj #aj4gc aver4 ,,chicago ,,corn ,,prices4 #ahfj4ahfa4ahfb4ahfc4ahfd4ahfe4ahff4ahfg 4ahfh4ahfi4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january 4#dh 4#bi 4#bc 4#dg 4#hb 4#ij 4#ch 4#gj 4#hf 4#ee 4#efh ,february 4#da 4#bh 4#bc 4#ea 4#hi 4#hh 4#ce 4#fh 4#hb 4#ef 4#efa ,march 4#db 4#bg 4#bd 4#ej 4#gi 4#gi 4#cg 4#gd 4#hc 4#ed 4#edi ,april 4#df 4#cj 4#bf 4#dg 4#ib 4#fc 4#db 4#ic 4#hb 4#ed 4#ege ,may 4#dh 4#cc 4#bg 4#dh #a4jd 4#ed 4#dh 4#if 4#hh 4#eh 4#fjd ,june 4#df 4#bc 4#bf 4#dh #a4ae 4#eb 4#ea 4#hh 4#he 4#fb 4#eif ,july 4#dc 4#bc 4#bh 4#dh #a4cj 4#ef 4#ef 4#hj 4#hh 4#ha 4#fcc ,august 4#dj 4#bc 4#cc 4#di #a4bf 4#fg 4#ef 4#ij 4#ig 4#ij 4#fga ,september 4#cg 4#ba 4#bi 4#fj #a4cj 4#fj 4#ed #a4jj 4#id 4#hd 4#ffi ,october 4#ch 4#bb 4#cd 4#gi #a4be 4#di 4#ff #a4jf 4#hg 4#fg 4#fgc ,november 4#cb 4#bb 4#ca 4#hh #a4ce 4#eb 4#hg 4#ig 4#gf 4#gc 4#fic ,december 4#bh 4#bd 4#cg 4#ic 4#ig 4#dc 4#gf 4#hd 4#fd 4#gf 4#fbb ,yearly 4#djg 4#bed 4#bhd 4#eija4jhb 4#fbh 4#edj 4#hgb 4#hdc 4#fge 4#fah aver4 #ahgj4ahga4ahgb4ahgc4ahgd4ahge4ahgf4ahgg 4ahgh4ahgi4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january 4#gb 4#dg 4#da 4#ca 4#ee 4#ff 4#dc 4#dd 4#db 4#cj 4#dga ,february 4#gj 4#eb 4#dj 4#ca 4#eh 4#fd 4#da 4#db 4#dj 4#cb 4#dgj ,march 4#gb 4#ed 4#ch 4#cb 4#fj 4#ff 4#dd 4#dj 4#db 4#cc 4#dha ,april 4#hb 4#ed 4#dj 4#cd 4#fc 4#ga 4#dg 4#df 4#dj 4#cb 4#eji ,may 4#hg 4#ed 4#df 4#ci 4#fb 4#ga 4#dg 4#ec 4#dj 4#cd 4#ecc ,june 4#hc 4#ec 4#di 4#cd 4#fj 4#fg 4#de 4#df 4#cf 4#cf 4#eji ,july 4#hc 4#ea 4#da 4#cf 4#fb 4#gj 4#df 4#dh 4#ch 4#cf 4#eaa ,august 4#gd 4#de 4#da 4#ci 4#fg 4#fi 4#de 4#de 4#ci 4#cc 4#dig ,september 4#fd 4#dg 4#cf 4#dj 4#gg 4#ei 4#de 4#dd 4#cf 4#ce 4#dhc ,october 4#fj 4#dg 4#cc 4#ch 4#gf 4#ee 4#dd 4#dc 4#cd 4#da 4#dga ,november 4#fa 4#df 4#cc 4#ch 4#gg 4#eb 4#dd 4#de 4#cb 4#db 4#dgj ,december 4#ej 4#da 4#ca 4#ej 4#gh 4#di 4#de 4 #dd 4#ca 4#da 4#dfj ,yearly 4#gae 4#dib 4#cha 4#cfh 4#ffb 4#fcb 4#ddf 4#dej 4#cge 4#ced 4#dhg aver4 #ahhj4ahha4ahhb4ahhc4ahhd4ahhe4ahhf4ahhg 4ahhh4ahhi4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january 4#ci 4#cg 4#fb 4#fj 4#ed 4#cg 4#cg 4#cf 4#di 4#cd 4#dde ,february 4#cg 4#cg 4#eh 4#eg 4#ed 4#cg 4#cg 4#ce 4#dg 4#ce 4#dcd ,march 4#ce 4#dj 4#fd 4#ef 4#eb 4#ci 4#cg 4#cg 4#di 4#cd 4#ddc ,april 4#cd 4#db 4#gd 4#ec 4#ej 4#de 4#cg 4#ch 4#eb 4#cd 4#dei ,may 4#cg 4#dc 4#gc 4#ee 4#ee 4#dg 4#cf 4#ch 4#eg 4#cd 4#dge ,june 4#cf 4#de 4#gb 4#ed 4#ed 4#dg 4#ce 4#cg 4#ea 4#cd 4#dfe ,july 4#cf 4#dh 4#gh 4#ej 4#ec 4#dg 4#dj 4#cf 4#dh 4#cf 4#dgb ,august 4#ch 4#eg 4#gg 4#eb 4#ec 4#de 4#db 4#dj 4#de 4#ce 4#dhd ,september 4#dj 4#fg 4#fg 4#ej 4#fi 4#dc 4#ci 4#db 4#dc 4#cc 4#dic ,october 4#dj 4#fh 4#fe 4#dh 4#ej 4#db 4#ce 4#db 4#dc 4#cb 4#dfe ,november 4#db 4#fa 4#fh 4#eb 4#dj 4#dc 4#ce 4#dd 4#ci 4#df 4#dgj ,december 4#ci 4#fa 4#ee 4#ei 4#cg 4#ci 4#cg 4#di 4#ce 4#cb 4#ddc ,yearly 4#cgh 4#eje 4#fgh 4#eci 4#eah 4#dbf 4#cgc 4#cie 4#dfe 4#cdi 4#dfc aver4 #ahij4ahia4ahib4ahic4ahid4ahie4ahif4ahig 4ahih4ahii4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january 4#bi 4#di 4#ch 4#db 4#ce 4#dc 4#bg 4#bc 4#bg 4#cg 4#cej ,february 4#bh 4#eb 4#dj 4#db 4#ce 4#da4 #bh 4#bc 4#bi 4#ce 4#cec ,march 4#bi 4#fb 4#ci 4#da 4#cf 4#dd 4#bi 4#bd 4#bi 4#ce 4#cfh ,april 4#ca 4#ga 4#da 4#da 4#ch 4#dg 4#cj 4#bd 4#cb 4#ce 4#cij ,may 4#cd 4#fb 4#gj 4#db 4#ch 4#eb 4#bi 4#bd 4#ce 4#cc 4#dai ,june 4#cd 4#eh 4#ea 4#dj 4#dj 4#ej 4#bg 4#bd 4#cb 4#cd 4#cij ,july 4#dj 4#fb 4#ej 4#ci 4#dd 4#de 4#bf 4#bf 4#cd 4#cc 4#cii ,august 4#dh 4#fc 4#eb 4#ch 4#ec 4#dj 4#bc 4#cj 4#cb 4#cb 4#daa ,september 4#dh 4#eh 4#df 4#dj 4#ec 4#cd 4#ba 4#cj 4#cj 4#cc 4#cic ,october 4#ea 4#ee 4#db 4#ci 4#ea 4#cj 4#bd 4#bg 4#ca 4#cb 4#chb ,november 4#ea 4#fd 4#db 4#cg 4#ej 4#bh 4#bd 4#bg 4#cc 4#cb 4#chh ,december 4#ej 4#di 4#da 4#ce 4#df 4#bf 4#bc 4#bf 4#cf 4#ca 4#cfc ,yearly 4#cid 4#ehh 4#dfj 4#cig 4#dcc 4#djj 4#bei 4#beg 4#cag 4#cce 4#chd aver4 #aijj4aija4aijb4aijc4aijd4aije4aijf4aijg 4aijh4aiji4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january 4#ca 4#cg 4#fa 4#df 4#de 4#dc 4#db 4#db 4#ei 4#fj 4#dff ,february 4#cc 4#ci 4#ei 4#dd 4#ej 4#dd 4#da 4#dd 4#eh 4#fc 4#dge ,march 4#cf 4#db 4#ei 4#dd 4#ec 4#dg 4#db 4#dd 4#fb 4#ff 4#die ,april 4#dj 4#de 4#fa 4#dd 4#ea 4#dh 4#df 4#dh 4#fg 4#gj 4#ebj ,may 4#ch 4#ea 4#fb 4#de 4#di 4#ef 4#di 4#ec 4#ge 4#gd 4#eeb ,june 4#dj 4#dc 4#ff 4#ej 4#di 4#ed 4#eb 4#ec 4#ga 4#gd 4#eeb ,july 4#db 4#ea 4#gb 4#ea 4#di 4#ef 4#di 4#ed 4#gd 4#ga 4#efi ,august 4#ci 4#eg 4#eg 4#eb 4#ed 4#ee 4#ea 4#eh 4#gi 4#fh 4#egj ,september 4#da 4#eg 4#fj 4#di 4#ec 4#ec 4#ej 4#fb 4#hj 4#ff 4#ega ,october 4#ci 4#ef 4#eh 4#de 4#ed 4#eb 4#di 4#fa 4#gc 4#fa 4#edh ,november 4#db 4#fa 4#ee 4#dc 4#ed 4#di 4#df 4#eh 4#fd 4#fc 4#ece ,december 4#ch 4#fe 4#ea 4#db 4#df 4#df 4#df 4#fj 4#fj 4#fd 4#eah ,yearly 4#chc 4#ejd 4#fja 4#dfc 4#ejf 4#ejc 4#dfi 4#eca 4#fhe 4#ffg 4#eca aver4 #aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag 4aiah4aiai4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january 4#fe 4#dg 4#fg 4#di 4#fc 4#gc 4#gf 4#ii #a4ha #a4dj 4#hfj ,february 4#fe 4#dg 4#fe 4#ej 4#fb 4#gc 4#gf #a4ja #a4ge #a4ca 4#hde ,march 4#fc 4#dg 4#gj 4#eb 4#fg 4#gc 4#gd #a4ab #a4gb #a4ea 4#hha ,april 4#ei 4#ej 4#gh 4#ef 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4#ief ,february #a4bc 4#ih #a4bg #a4jh 4#ic 4#gg 4#ha 4#ge 4#gg #a4ja 4#ifj ,march #a4ba #a4ja #a4cj #a4jg 4#hh 4#gg 4#gi 4#gg 4#gf #a4jj 4#ief ,april #a4aa #a4jb #a4ce #a4jg 4#he 4#he 4#gf 4#hj 4#gg 4#ia 4#idi ,may #a4ae #a4jd #a4bg #a4aa 4#ij 4#hh 4#gf 4#he 4#hf 4#hf 4#ifh ,june 4#ig #a4aj #a4cj #a4jf 4#hg 4#hg 4#gd 4#ha 4#hb 4#hc 4#icg ,july 4#ib #a4ad #a4cj #a4ja 4#hb 4#hh 4#gg 4#gj 4#hb 4#ha 4#iag ,august 4#hi #a4bi #a4ji #a4jb 4#hj 4#hd 4#gf 4#fh 4#hh 4#gh 4#ijc ,september 4#ia #a4bh #a4ja 4#if 4#gf 4#hb 4#gd 4#fi #a4de 4#gi 4#ida ,october 4#ih #a4cf 4#ie 4#ic 4#gf 4#hh 4#gb 4#ga #a4aa 4#hj 4#ibj ,november #a4jf #a4bh 4#ic 4#if 4#gc 4#hg 4#ge 4#gd #a4ji 4#hj 4#iba ,december #a4ja #a4bg 4#ic 4#ig 4#gc 4#hf 4#gg 4#gg #a4ja 4#gi 4#iaa ,yearly #a4jega4adea4agea4jai 4#hbi 4#hdj 4#gfe 4#gee 4#ibf 4#hfb 4#icf aver4 #ahij4ahia4ahib4ahic4ahid4ahie4ahif4ahig 4ahih4ahii4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january 4#gf 4#ia 4#hg 4#ge 4#fa 4#ee 4#fb 4#hc #a4jj 4#ga 4#gfa ,february 4#gf 4#ie 4#hh 4#gd 4#eh 4#ed 4#fg 4#hj #a4jb 4#gb 4#gff ,march 4#gi #a4ja 4#hd 4#gf 4#eh 4#eg 4#fe 4#hj #a4jc 4#gj 4#ggc ,april 4#he #a4ji 4#ha 4#gi #fa 4#fb 4#ff 4#ha #a4ab 4#gc 4#hji ,may 4#ie #a4jc 4#hc 4#gb 4#eg 4#gc 4#fb 4#hc #a4ea 4#gd 4#hec ,june 4#hi 4#if 4#hc 4#fe 4#ei 4#gg 4#fj 4#ge 4#ih 4#gd 4#ggf ,july 4#ij 4#ib 4#gh 4#fj 4#ee 4#fh 4#eh 4#gd 4#gg 4#gb 4#gbd ,august 4#ii #a4jj 4#gg 4#fj 4#ee 4#fe 4#eh 4#ia 4#gj 4#gb 4#gdg ,september #a4jj 4#ie 4#gc 4#ff 4#ec 4#fj 4#fc 4#ic 4#fe 4#gb 4#gdj ,october #a4jj 4#if 4#gb 4#fc 4#ed 4#fa 4#gc 4#id 4#ff 4#gb 4#gea ,november 4#ie 4#id 4#ga 4#fa 4#eg 4#ei 4#hc 4#if 4#fg 4#fh 4#gea ,december 4#ij 4#ia 4#ga 4#fb 4#eh 4#ei 4#hd #a4ja 4#ff 4#fg 4#gdi ,yearly 4#hie 4#ifi 4#gij 4#fgh 4#egb 4#fbe 4#ffh 4#hei 4#hih 4#gad 4#gfg aver4 #aijj4aija4aijb4aijc4aijd4aije4aijf4aijg 4aijh4aiji4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january 4#fe 4#gd 4#gg 4#gj 4#hg #a4ah 4#hf 4#gc 4#ig #a4jf 4#hec ,february 4#ff 4#gc 4#ge 4#gg 4#ih #a4ai 4#hc 4#hj 4#ie #a4af 4#hhb ,march 4#ff 4#ge 4#gh 4#gc 4#if #a4ae 4#hj 4#hj 4#if #a4bb 4#hha ,april 4#ff 4#gb 4#gc 4#ge 4#id #a4jc 4#he 4#ha 4#id #a4cb 4#hge ,may 4#ff 4#gc 4#gd 4#gh 4#ig #a4jj 4#hh 4#ic #a4je #a4dj 4#iad ,june 4#gg 4#ga 4#gd 4#hj 4#ii #a4jg 4#he 4#if 4#ie #a4de 4#ibi ,july 4#gh 4#fg 4#ge 4#hj #a4jc #a4jc 4#gi 4#ih 4#hh #a4bc 4#hid ,august 4#gd 4#gb 4#gb 4#hd #a4jg 4#if 4#gd 4#ic 4#ic #a4ah 4#hhc ,september 4#gf 4#gj 4#hc 4#hd #a4ad 4#hg 4#gd #a4jb #a4ja #a4jh 4#hii ,october 4#gd 4#fi 4#gb 4#hb #a4af 4#hh 4#gb #a4jg #a4jc #a4ab 4#hie ,november 4#gb 4#gb 4#gd 4#ha #a4ae 4#hh 4#gc 4#ic #a4je #a4ab 4#hhe ,december 4#gb 4#gf 4#ge 4#hb #a4ag 4#hf 4#gd #a4jb #a4jc #a4ag 4#ijd ,yearly 4#gaj 4#gbj 4#geb 4#ghia4jcea4jjh 4#gic 4#iae 4#igia4bji 4#hia aver4 #aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag 4aiah4aiai4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january #a4ai #a4jb #a4jd #a4jb 4#ic #a4da #a4bi #a4he #b4ah #b4ce #a4dbh ,february #a4ai 4#ig #a4je #a4ja 4#id #a4eg #a4bd #a4gf #b4ai #b4cj #a4dbb ,march #a4ai 4#ic #a4jg 4#ih 4#id #a4ea #a4ad #a4ic #b4ai #b4cf #a4dbd ,april #a4ad 4#id #a4aa #a4jj 4#id #a4eh #a4ba #b4jj #b4ai #b4fc #a4dgd ,may #a4ji 4#ig #a4ag #a4jj 4#if #a4ej #a4ae #c4jb #b4ai #b4gc #a4ehj ,june #a4jf 4#ie #a4ac #a4jj 4#hi #a4cj #a4jh #b4fg #b4ai #b4ci #a4dff ,july #a4ad 4#ib #a4jg 4#ij 4#hi #a4ca #a4ah #b4ee #b4bh #b4bf #a4dej ,august #a4ab #a4ja #a4ja 4#hi #a4ja #a4ae #a4dc #b4ef #b4bi #b4be #a4dgb ,september #a4jg #a4ja 4#ii 4#ib #a4af #a4jh #a4ef #b4bd #b4bf #b4ed #a4dhc ,october #a4jc #a4jf #a4ja 4#hi #a4aj #a4aj #a4hj #b4ai #b4bf #b4ee #a4dii ,november 4#ii #a4ja 4#if 4#ia #a4ae #a4ji #a4hc #b4ai #b4bf #b4gc #a4eab ,december #a4jj #a4ja 4#ih 4#ib #a4bb #a4ag #a4ff #b4ai #b4cb #b4ib #a4eci ,yearly #a4ajj 4#ihda4jei 4#ieda4jaja4cada4chab4bfbb4bdjb4ejj #a4dhj aver4 ,,prices ,,during #ahfb-ahgh4 ,prices during the #ahfb-ahgh period are generally given in currency1 and the currency of that period1 unfortunately1 had a fluctuating gold value1 just as the ,british pound has today4 ,in order that our readers may be able to convert the currency prices of #ahfb-ahgh into terms of gold1 we are publishing the following table3 ,,amount ,,of ,,greenback ,,currency ,,necessary ,,to ,,buy ,,one ,,dollar ,,in ,,gold ,,in ,,united ,,states1 ,,from #ahfb-ahgh1 ,,inclusive4 #ahfb4ahfc4ahfd4ahfe4ahff4ahfg4ahfh4ahfi 4ahgj4 ,january #a4jba4dha4efb4afa4cga4cea4cha4cfa4ba ,february #a4jc #a4fc #a4ei #b4jb #a4ci #a4ch #a4db #a4cd #a4ah ,march #a4jb #a4ef #a4fd #a4ge #a4ca #a4cg #a4dj #a4cb #a4ac ,april #a4jb #a4eb #a4gf #a4di #a4bg #a4ch #a4ci #a4cc #a4ad ,may #a4jb #a4ej #a4gi #a4cg #a4cd #a4cg #a4dj #a4dj #a4ae ,june #a4jg #a4de #b4bb #a4db #a4ec #a4ch #a4dj #a4ch #a4ac ,july #a4ad #a4cd #b4ed #a4dc #a4eb #a4dj #a4dc #a4cf #a4ag ,august #a4ae #a4bf #b4dg #a4db #a4ej #a4da #a4dg #a4cd #a4ah ,september #a4bj #a4ce #b4bc #a4de #a4de #a4dc #a4dc #a4dc #a4ae ,october #a4bh #a4di #b4ji #a4dg #a4ej #a4dc #a4ch #a4cj #a4ac ,november #a4ca #a4di #b4ce #a4dh #a4de #a4da #a4ce #a4bh #a4ab ,december #a4cb #a4ea #b4bh #a4dg #a4cg #a4cf #a4cf #a4bb #a4aa #ahga4ahgb4ahgc4ahgd4ahge4ahgf4ahgg4ahgh 4 ,january #a4aa #a4aj #a4ac #a4aa #a4ac #a4ac #a4jf #a4jb ,february #a4ab #a4aa #a4ad #a4ab #a4ad #a4ad #a4jf #a4jb ,march #a4aa #a4aa #a4ag #a4ac #a4af #a4ae #a4je #a4jb ,april #a4aa #a4ab #a4ah #a4ac #a4ae #a4ac #a4jg #a4ja ,may #a4ab #a4ac #a4ah #a4ac #a4af #a4ac #a4jg #a4ja ,june #a4ac #a4ad #a4ag #a4ab #a4ag #a4ac #a4jg #a4ja ,july #a4ac #a4ad #a4af #a4aj #a4ad #a4ab #a4jf #a4ja ,august #a4ab #a4ad #a4ae #a4aj #a4ad #a4aa #a4je #a4jj ,september #a4ad #a4ad #a4ad #a4aj #a4ae #a4aj #a4jd #a4jj ,october #a4ad #a4ad #a4aj #a4aj #a4af #a4aa #a4jc #a4jj ,november #a4aa #a4ac #a4ji #a4aa #a4ae #a4ji #a4jc #a4jj ,december #a4aj #a4ac #a4aa #a4ab #a4ad #a4jh #a4jc #a4jj ,,chicago ,,ten-,,year ,,average ,,daily ,,prices1 #aijd-aiac4 ,compiling the tables on pages #abf-acc involved considerable work1 but it is believed that for studying seasonal trends and normal relationships at different times of the year1 these figures are very valuable4 ,as a matter of interest1 a few future contract prices are averaged4 ,it will be noted that the future prices differ considerably from the cash prices until the date of the delivery month draws near1 when the future and the cash prices become almost identical4 ,before the war1 the future contract system worked very well1 but during the war it was rather unsatisfactory4 ,there is an interesting field of study in the seasonal trend of northern wheat 7spring7 as compared with red wheat 7winter74 ,,january4 ,day4 ,cash ,dec4 ,hog ,packing,cash ,sept4,cash ,july ,cash ,sept4 ,wheat1 ,wheat1 ,corn ,corn ,top ,sows ,lard ,lard ,ribs ,ribs ,oats ,oats ,no4 #b ,no4 #a 7cts477cts47 7cts477cts47 ,red ,n'th'rn4 7cts47 7cts47 #c #ea4b #f4cb #e4hah4id #h4bf #ch4g #ii4j #ii4j #d #ea4b #f4cd #e4he #h4ig #h4ca #ch4i #ii4d #ii4b #e #ea4c #f4cg #e4hd #h4ig #h4cb #ch4i #ajj4j #ii4a #f #ea4d #f4cg #e4he #i4ja #h4ce #ci4j #ajj4b #ii4i #g #ea4f #f4db #e4ij #h4ii #h4ce #ci4a #ajj4b #ii4c #h #ea4f #f4da #e4ij #h4if #h4cc #ci4j #ajj4a #ii4b #i #ea4e #f4dj #e4ij #h4id #h4cd #ci4a #ajj4b #ii4d #aj #ea4i #f4cd #e4hg #h4ic #h4cc #ci4j #ajj4d #ii4b #aa #eb4j #f4bh #e4ha #h4id #h4ce #ci4d #ajj4b #ii4c #ab #eb4b #f4ca #e4ha #h4ie #h4ch #ci4c #ajj4b #ii4d #ac #eb4c #f4cd #e4hd #h4ig #h4ch #ci4d #ajj4j #ii4b #ad #eb4c #f4cg #e4he #i4jj #h4dj #ci4e #ajj4c #ii4e #ae #eb4b #f4dj #e4hg #h4ig #h4dc #ci4e #ii4i #ii4c #af #eb4b #f4ci #e4hh #h4ig #h4db #ci4g #ajj4j #ii4c #ag #eb4d #f4ci #e4hh #i4jj #h4dd #ci4h #ajj4a #ii4c #ah #eb4a #f4dj #e4hi #h4if #h4de #ci4g #ajj4c #ii4c #ai #eb4c #f4da #e4hi #h4if #h4de #ci4g #ajj4a #ii4a #bj #ea4i #f4ch #e4hg #h4ig #h4df #ci4h #ajj4a #ii4c #ba #eb4j #f4ci #e4hh #h4ig #h4df #dj4j #ajj4c #ii4e #bb #eb4j #f4ch #e4hh #h4ib #h4dc #dj4j #ajj4a #ii4a #bc #ea4i #f4cf #e4hg #h4ia #h4dc #ci4h #ajj4a #ii4f #bd #ea4i #f4ch #e4ij #h4id #h4df #ci4i #ajj4a #ii4f #be #ea4i #f4da #e4ib #h4ic #h4dh #ci4i #ajj4j #ii4c #bf #ea4i #f4dj #e4ia #h4ie #h4dh #ci4i #ii4i #ii4b #bg #ea4h #f4db #e4ib #h4if #h4ej #ci4i #ajj4j #ii4b #bh #ea4i #f4da #e4ia #h4ie #h4dg #ci4g #ajj4b #ii4e #bi #ea4i #f4da #e4ij #h4ie #h4dh #dj4j #aij4d #ii4g #cj #ea4i #f4dd #e4ia #h4ig #h4ej #dj4a #ajj4d #ii4g #ca #ea4h #f4dh #e4id #h4ij #h4ej #dj4j #ajj4a #ii4e ,av4 #ea4i #f4ch #e4hh #h4if #h4dj #ci4e #ajj4a #ii4c ,,february4 #a #ea4f #f4di #e4ie #h4hi #h4di #ci4i #ajj4j #ajj4b #b #eb4j #f4dh #e4ie #h4ie #h4ed #dj4a #ajj4b #ajj4d #c #eb4d #f4dg #e4ig #h4if #h4ed #dj4b #ajj4c #ajj4d #d #eb4h #f4di #e4ii #h4ig #h4ed #dj4d #ajj4f #ajj4f #e #eb4i #f4eb #f4jj #h4ie #h4ec #dj4d #ajj4f #ajj4i #f #eb4g #f4ec #f4jc #h4if #h4eb #dj4f #ajj4g #aja4j #g #eb4f #f4ec #f4jb #h4ie #h4eb #dj4g #aja4j #aja4a #h #eb4e #f4ef #f4jh #h4ib #h4ea #dj4g #ajj4i #aja4j #i #eb4f #f4ef #f4jg #i4jb #h4ef #dj4h #aja4j #aja4b #aj #eb4e #f4fj #f4ab #h4ih #h4ed #dj4i #aja4j #aja4c #aa #eb4d #f4fc #f4af #h4ih #h4ee #dj4h #aja4j #aja4c #ab #eb4d #f4fa #f4ac #h4if #h4ec #dj4h #ajj4i #aja4a #ac #eb4d #f4fb #f4ac #h4id #h4eb #dj4h #ajj4g #aja4j #ad #eb4e #f4fa #f4ac #h4if #h4ec #dj4i #ajj4e #aja4j #ae #eb4g #f4fb #f4ae #h4if #h4eb #dj4i #ajj4i #aja4c #af #eb4g #f4fd #f4ag #h4id #h4ea #dj4h #aja4j #aja4d #ag #eb4g #f4fe #f4ahh4if #h4ec #dj4g #ajj4g #aja4a #ah #eb4h #f4fg #f4ah #h4ie #h4ec #dj4g #ajj4c #ajj4h #ai #eb4g #f4fg #f4ai #h4if #h4ee #da4a #ajj4e #aja4j #bj #eb4g #f4fh #f4ba #h4ie #h4ed #da4a #aja4c #aja4f #ba #eb4h #f4fi #f4ba #h4if #h4ef #da4a #aja4c #aja4h #bb #eb4g #f4ga #f4bc #h4ih #h4ef #da4a #aja4d #aja4h #bc #eb4i #f4gd #f4be #h4ii #h4ef #da4a #aja4d #aja4c #bd #ec4j #f4gc #f4bf #h4ih #h4ef #da4b #aja4f #aja4g #be #ec4a #f4ge #f4bg #i4jj #h4eh #da4c #aja4c #ajb4j #bf #ec4a #f4gf #f4bi #i4jj #h4eh #da4e #aja4d #ajb4a #bg #ec4d #f4gb #f4bh #i4jc #h4fb #da4g #aja4e #ajb4j #bh #ec4c #f4hj #f4cc #i4jd #h4fd #da4f #aja4d #ajb4j ,av4 #eb4g #f4fc #f4ad #h4if #h4eb #dj4i #ajj4i #aja4b ,,march4 #a #ec4b #f4gi #f4cb #i4jd #i4cf #h4ej #da4b #aja4c #aja4b #b #ec4d #f4gi #f4cc #i4jg #i4cg #h4fj #da4f #aja4a #aja4c #c 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#ei4h #ee4j #g4ac #f4bh #i4ij #i4ji #cg4h #ih4i #ajj4i #bc #fj4j #ed4i #g4ji #f4bf #i4hf #i4ji #cg4h #ih4i #ii4f #bd #ei4g #ee4j #g4jh #f4bj #i4hd #i4aa #cg4h #ih4g #ii4a #be #ei4g #ee4a #g4je #f4af #i4hb #i4aj #cg4h #ih4i #ii4j #bf #fj4j #ee4b #g4jj #f4ac #i4ha #i4jg #ch4j #ih4i #ii4j #bg #fj4j #ee4c #f4ii #f4ab #i4gh #i4jd #cg4h #ii4j #ih4h #bh #ei4h #ee4b #f4ii #f4ab #i4gg #i4jg #cg4g #ih4g #ih4g #bi #ei4e #ee4a #f4ie #f4ab #i4gc #i4jh #cg4d #ih4h #ih4h #cj #ei4d #ee4j #f4ia #f4je #i4gb #i4jc #cg4f #ih4d #ih4g #ca #ei4e #ee4j #f4hh #f4jb #i4fh #i4jj #cg4f #ih4a #ih4g ,av4 #fj4d #ee4c #g4bf #f4ch #i4he #i4ca #ch4b #ih4d #ajj4b ,,november4 #a #ei4e #ee4j #f4hh #e4ii #i4eh #i4ja #cg4f #ig4f #ih4b #b #eh4h #ee4j #f4hh #f4jj #i4eg #h4if #cg4e #ig4i #ih4j #c #eh4i #ed4i #f4ia #f4jc #i4ei #h4ic #cg4e #ig4e #ih4e #d #eh4i #ed4i #f4ic #f4jg #i4ef #h4ic #cg4g #ig4a #ig4c #e #eh4i #ed4g #f4hf #f4jb #i4fa #h4ia #cg4e #ig4b #ig4g #f #eh4e #ed4f #f4ha #f4ja #i4fc #h4hi #cg4e #ig4a #ig4a #g #eh4f #ed4e #f4hj #f4ja #i4fe #h4ic #cf4h #ig4a #ig4a #h #eh4d #ed4d #f4gh #f4jj #i4ff #h4ie #cg4d #if4i #ig4j #i #eh4d #ed4d #f4gh #f4jb #i4ff #h4ie #cg4g #ig4j #ig4j #aj #eh4g #ed4e #f4gi #f4je #i4fc #h4ib #cg4h #ig4a #ig4c #aa #eh4g #ed4d #f4gg #f4jd #i4fc #h4ia #cg4h #ig4f #ig4f #ab #eh4g #ed4e #f4gg #f4je #i4fd #h4ia #cg4e #ig4h #ig4i #ac #eh4i #ed4c #f4ge #f4jd #i4fj #h4ic #cg4g #ig4i #ih4a #ad #ei4a #ed4e #f4ga #f4ja #i4fg #h4ie #cg4g #ih4a #ih4b #ae #ei4a #ed4e #f4fi #f4jj #i4gb #h4id #cg4g #ig4h #ih4a #af #ei4d #ed4ef4fc #e4igi4ff #h4ig #cg4h #ig4i #ih4d #ag #ei4b #ed4f #f4fb #e4ig #i4fc #h4ih #cg4h #ih4j #ih4f #ah #ei4j #ed4b #f4fa #e4ie #i4fc #h4ih #cg4g #ig4h #ih4d #ai #eh4f #ed4b #f4eg #e4ia #i4fa #h4ib #cg4f #ig4c #ih4d #bj #eh4b #ed4a #f4ee #e4ia #i4fj #h4ie #cg4b #ig4d #ih4b #ba #eh4b #ed4a #f4eb #e4hh #i4ed #h4id #cg4g #ig4a #ih4j #bb #eg4i #ec4i #f4di #e4hd #i4ej #h4ic #cg4f #if4h #ig4i #bc #eg4g #ec4i #f4df #e4hb #i4dh #h4hh #cg4g #if4f #ih4b #bd #eg4g #ec4h #f4dc #e4hj 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#ii4i ,av4 #ee4g #f4eb #e4if #i4db #h4gc #ch4f #ih4h #ii4a ,,dun',s ,,index ,,number ,,for ,,july #a--ahfj-aiai4 ,the record is here given from #ahfj to #aiai1 inclusive1 ,july #ast of each year1 usually the low point of the year4 ,breadstuffs,meat ,dairy ,other,clothing,metals,miscell'n's ,total and ,food ,garden #ahfj #bj4ec #ab4ff #bb4dcbe4he #ae4hdaae4ai #h4ig #h4hi #ahfa #ae4gd #g4dh #aj4ha #g4fe #ba4ad #bb4ej #af4eg #aja4ib #ahfb #ah4je #g4ae #ac4djaj4ih #bh4da #bc4bj #ag4bi #aah4ea #ahfc #bf4aeaj4aa #ac4ecaf4ce #de4fg #cg4jg #bd4bf #agc4ah #ahfd #de4faae4fh #bf4jebg4cj #gc4dh #ei4ai #ca4fe #bgh4ih #ahfe #be4djaf4aa #ah4jdba4je #di4cj #ch4ie #be4ee #aid4dc #ahff #ca4dgag4ae #bc4dgbj4hb #de4cg #da4gf #bg4ib #bjg4ig #ahfg #cf4ecad4bg #ah4dabj4af #ch4af #ce4db #be4eb #ahh4eb #ahfh #ch4daac4ba #bc4faai4gb #ce4fi #bg4ch #bd4gh #ahb4hb #ahfi #bi4aaac4ah #ah4abaf4cd #ce4cj #bh4ce #bd4bj #afd4fc #ahgj #be4cbad4af #af4aaac4cj #ca4dh #bf4fa #ba4gh #adh4gh #ahga #bd4hjab4ag #bj4giac4hb 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#ch4fa #cb4fe #ca4ci #bae4ja ,october #ee4eaai4ab #be4hjaf4jh #ci4dc #ca4ae #cb4ee #bai4fg ,november #ee4fhah4af #be4hhah4gb #dj4dd #bi4hd #cb4jj #bbj4ge ,december #ec4iiai4jj #bg4jbah4gf #dj4gd #bh4da #cb4bb #bbj4ag #aiah-- ,january #ed4bgai4bi #bg4daah4gd #dj4hh #bi4bg #cb4bi #bbb4ag ,february #ed4jjbj4eg #bh4gfah4hd #db4ch #bi4eh #cb4he #bbg4jb ,march #ee4dibj4ia #bg4abai4ai #db4ba #bi4ia #cc4aa #bbg4ig ,april #eg4jcbb4bd #bd4aebj4cb #dc4cb #bi4ej #cc4gb #bcj4ca ,may #ea4cbbb4df #bc4gjba4da #dc4de #bi4hh #cd4db #bbf4ff ,june #dh4cfbb4cf #bc4hbba4ji #dd4gj #bi4ic #cd4ee #bbd4hd ,july #ea4dbbc4ga #bd4geba4ib #de4bc #cj4ag #ce4cd #bcb4eg ,august #ea4fbbc4jh #bd4fhbb4cj #dd4bh #cj4cd #ce4gc #bcb4je ,september #ej4cabc4ff #be4jjbb4di #dd4gc #cj4fj #cf4je #bcb4hh ,october #di4aibb4ij #bf4dcbc4ja #dd4ec #cj4fg #cf4dg #bcc4bb ,november #dg4dgba4ic #bg4ccbc4cf #dc4fg #cj4ee #cf4bj #bcj4eb ,december #dg4idba4ee #bg4fcbc4dj #dc4ae #cj4ci #cf4bh #bcj4cg #aiai-- ,january #dh4eibb4ai #bg4acbc4if #dc4ai #bh4gf #cf4bi #bcj4ad ,february #dd4iiba4ec #bd4gjbc4dj #db4bd #bh4eh #cd4eh #bbj4je ,march #dd4fcbb4jb #bb4icbc4hd #dj4df #bh4ba #cd4ia #bag4jc ,april #di4jcbb4hi #bd4ddbc4hb #ci4ag #be4fc #cd4if #bai4ig ,may #dh4hgbd4cf #bf4abbb4gb #ci4ef #be4gi #cd4ge #bbb4ai ,june #ea4bcbd4ga #bf4ijbb4hj #da4gi #be4ee #cd4ie #bbg4ig ,july #ea4gbbe4ff #bf4afbc4cd #de4fb #be4ge #ce4dc #bcc4gj ,august #ed4gebe4aj #bf4hgbc4fi #dh4ee #bf4fj #cf4je #bda4fe ,september #ec4bcbc4gi #bf4bibc4dg #dg4ib #bf4ec #cg4ji #bch4cd ,october #dh4jjbj4jh #bg4ihbc4ch #di4he #bf4eg #ci4ig #bce4hf ,november #dg4ebai4ad #bh4gcbd4ae #ea4dj #bf4ga #dj4hi #bch4eg ,december #dh4bhbj4jj #cj4jibd4fc #eb4bh #bg4gb #da4fa #bdd4fc #aibj-- ,january #dh4idai4if #bi4jhbd4id #eb4gh #bh4if #db4gc #bdg4ci ,february #ej4fcbj4id #bh4hdbe4de #ed4db #bi4gf #dc4gb #bec4ge ,,note--,breadstuffs include quotations of wheat1 corn1 oats1 rye and barley1 besides beans and peas2 meats include live hogs1 beef1 sheep and various provisions1 lard1 tallow1 etc42 dairy and garden include butter1 eggs1 vegetables and fruits2 other foods include fish1 liquors1 condiments1 sugar1 rice1 tobacco1 etc42 clothing includes the raw material of each industry1 and many quotations of woolen1 cotton and other textile goods1 as well as hides and leather2 metals include various quotations of pig iron1 and partially manufactured and finished produces1 as well as minor metals1 coal and petroleum4 ,the miscellaneous class embraces many grades of hard and soft lumber1 lath1 brick1 lime1 glass1 turpentine1 hemp1 linseed oil1 paints1 fertilizers and drugs4 ,,average ,,hog ,,prices ,,at ,,chicago4 7,this includes heavy hogs1 light hogs and pigs47 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #f4dj #d4ij #d4fe #e4dj #f4fj #d4dj #f4aj #h4ee #g4ie #f4be ,feb4 #f4ge #e4ae #d4he #f4jj #g4je #d4de #f4ce #i4je #g4dj #f4bj ,mar4 #g4cj #e4ce #e4ae #f4cj #f4fe #e4jj #f4gj #aj4ee #f4he #g4aj ,apr4 #g4bj #e4aj #e4de #f4ee #f4fe #e4he #g4bj #i4ij #f4be #g4hj ,may #f4de #d4fe #e4dj #f4de #f4dj #e4ej #g4cj #i4ee #f4jj #g4fe ,june #f4jj #e4je #e4ce #f4ee #f4aj #e4hj #g4fe #i4de #f4be #g4ej ,july #e4ee #e4dj #e4fe #f4fe #f4je #f4ej #g4he #h4ge #f4gj #g4fe ,aug4 #e4de #e4cj #e4ie #f4be #f4jj #f4ee #g4ge #h4ce #g4cj #h4be ,sep4 #e4he #e4ge #e4ej #f4be #f4jj #f4he #h4bj #h4ij #f4ij #h4de ,oct4 #e4ee #e4dj #e4be #f4dj #f4ae #e4ie #g4ge #h4ej #f4de #h4ge ,nov4 #d4fe #d4hj #d4he #f4bj #d4ij #e4hj #h4jj #g4fj #f4cj #g4ge ,dec4 #d4ee #d4ej #d4ij #f4be #d4gj #e4fe #h4ce #g4fe #f4dj #g4dj ,av4#aj #f4jj #e4ae #e4be #f4be #f4aj #e4gj #g4ce #h4ij #f4gj #g4ee #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #g4de #h4cj #f4ij #g4bjaj4ijaf4cjag4fj ,feb4 #h4ae #h4fj #f4hj #h4bj #ab4de #af4fe #ag4fe ,mar4 #h4ij #h4gj #f4ge #i4fe #ad4hj #ag4aj #ai4aj ,apr4 #i4je #h4fe #g4cj #i4ge #ae4ge #ag4de #bj4dj ,may #h4ee #h4de #g4fj #i4he #ae4ij #ag4de #bj4fj ,june #h4fe #h4bj #g4fj #i4gj #ae4ej #af4fj #bj4dj ,july #i4je #h4gj #g4be #i4hj #ae4bj #ag4ge #ba4he ,aug4 #h4ce #i4jj #f4ij #aj4cj #af4ij #ai4jj #bj4jj ,sep4 #h4cj #h4he #g4be #aj4gj #ah4bj #ai4fe #ag4de ,oct4 #h4bj #g4fe #g4ij #i4hj #ag4ae #ag4gj #ad4ce ,nov4 #g4ge #g4ej #f4fe #i4fj #ag4dj #ag4gj #ad4bj ,dec4 #g4gj #g4aj #f4dj #i4ie #af4he #ag4ee #ac4fj ,av4#aj #h4ce #h4cj #g4aj #i4jj #ae4aj #ag4de #ag4he ,,average ,,hog ,,prices ,,at ,,sioux ,,city4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,january #aj4ecaf4agag4jc ,february #ab4jc #af4bj #ag4ae ,march #ad4bj #af4fa #ah4dc ,april #ae4ch #af4hf #bj4jh ,may #ae4ef #af4hi #bj4bc ,june #ae4ab #af4ce #bj4aa ,july #ad4ha #ag4bi #ba4bc ,august #af4fa #ah4ej #ai4ce ,september #ag4hb #ah4be #af4cb ,october #ag4bd #ag4gg #ac4gf ,november #ag4aj #ag4cc #ac4gg ,december #af4fc #ag4ae #ac4cc ,average#aa #ae4be #ag4aa #ag4eg ,,chicago ,,average ,,prices ,,of ,,light ,,hogs4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,january #f4bj #d4hj #d4ej #e4ce #f4ee #d4ce #e4ie #h4de #h4jj #f4je ,february #f4ej #d4ie #d4ge #e4ie #g4je #d4ce #f4be #h4he #g4ee #f4aj ,march #g4aj #e4be #e4aj #f4cj #f4fe #d4ie #f4fj #aj4dj #g4jj #g4je ,april #g4je #e4je #e4dj #f4ej #f4fe #e4hj #g4ae #i4gj #f4de #g4gj ,may #f4cj #d4fj #e4dj #f4de #f4dj #e4de #g4aj #i4fj #f4aj #g4ej ,june #e4ie #e4je #e4ce #f4ee #f4aj #e4ge #g4ej #i4fe #f4cj #g4ce ,july #e4gj #e4de #e4gj #f4gj #f4je #f4dj #g4he #h4ij #f4hj #g4fe ,august #e4gj #e4de #f4je #f4ce #f4jj #f4de #g4ie #h4ee #g4dj #h4ce ,september #f4je #e4he #e4ee #f4dj #f4jj #f4gj #h4be #h4aj #g4je #h4fe ,october #e4gj #e4dj #e4ce #f4ce #f4ae #e4ge #g4fe #h4gj #f4cj #h4fj ,november #d4gj #d4gj #d4he #f4bj #d4ie #e4ee #g4he #g4fe #f4jj #g4gj ,december #d4dj #d4dj #d4ij #e4bj #d4fe #e4de #h4bj #g4fe #e4he #g4cj #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,january #g4de #h4be #f4ij #g4ae #aj4gj #af4bj #ag4de ,february #h4bj #h4fj #f4he #h4je #ab4be #af4fj #ag4de ,march #i4jj #h4ge #f4ge #i4ej #ad4fj #ag4be #ai4ae ,april #i4aj #h4gj #g4ce #i4fj #ae4ej #ag4fj #bj4dj ,may #h4fj #h4ej #g4fe #i4gj #ae4fj #ag4fj #bj4gj ,june #h4gj #h4bj #g4gj #i4fj #ae4ce #af4ge #bj4fj ,july #i4aj #h4gj #g4ee #i4hj #ae4jj #ag4gj #bb4aj ,august #h4hj #i4bj #g4dj #aj4ej #af4gj #ai4be #bj4ej ,september #h4ge #i4je #g4ee #aj4hj #ah4ae #ai4ij #ag4ij ,october #h4ce #g4fe #g4he #i4gj #af4he #ag4ij #ad4ej ,november #g4fj #g4ce #f4ej #i4bj #ag4aj #ag4ee #ad4ce ,december #g4fj #g4jj #f4be #i4fe #af4ee #ag4ce #ac4ge ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,average ,,prices ,,of ,,pigs ,,at ,,chicago4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #e4ij #d4cj #d4ae #e4jj #f4ae #d4jj #e4ae #g4ie #g4ge #e4be ,feb4 #f4bj #d4de #d4cj #e4ej #f4ee #d4aj #e4ej #h4dj #g4cj #e4dj ,mar4 #f4fj #d4ge #d4fe #e4ij #f4bj #d4fj #e4ij #i4ij #f4ge #f4be ,apr4 #f4gj #d4ee #e4jj #f4aj #f4be #e4bj #f4bj #i4he #f4be #f4ej ,may #f4jj #d4be #e4je #f4je #f4je #d4hj #f4cj #i4cj #e4hj #f4ce ,june #e4he #d4fe #d4ij #f4ae #f4ge #e4jj #f4ge #i4ce #e4ie #f4be ,july #e4he #e4bj #e4dj #f4dj #e4hj #e4dj #g4ae #h4ij #f4jj #f4hj ,aug4 #e4hj #e4cj #e4hj #f4aj #e4hj #e4cj #g4dj #h4ij #e4ij #g4bj ,sep4 #e4ee #e4dj #e4ae #f4aj #e4he #e4ej #g4ej #i4jj #e4gj #g4jj ,oct4 #e4be #e4jj #d4ij #f4ae #f4aj #d4gj #f4hj #h4ee #e4ae #g4bj ,nov4 #d4ej #d4dj #d4fe #f4je #d4fj #d4ej #g4je #g4dj #d4ij #f4cj ,dec4 #d4bj #d4aj #d4gj #f4jj #d4cj #d4dj #g4ej #g4ce #e4aj #f4ce #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #f4gj #g4fj #f4ce #f4ej #i4gead4cjad4ce ,feb4 #g4ee #h4bj #f4de #g4be #aj4ij #ad4fj #ae4dj ,mar4 #h4cj #h4aj #f4bj #h4ce #ab4dj #ae4ej #af4hj ,apr4 #h4aj #h4aj #f4ej #h4dj #ab4ij #af4ae #ag4ej ,may #g4ge #h4jj #f4he #h4ge #ac4dj #af4fe #ag4he ,june #g4ij #g4gj #f4ij #h4ce #ac4gj #af4cj #ag4ej ,july #h4ce #h4bj #g4aj #i4be #ac4he #ag4jj #ai4ge ,aug4 #g4jj #h4be #g4ce #i4dj #ad4ej #ah4aj #ag4ej ,sep4 #f4fe #g4ij #g4be #i4jj #af4be #ah4be #af4be ,oct4 #f4ej #g4je #g4aj #h4fe #ad4dj #ad4ge #ac4dj ,nov4 #f4de #f4jj #e4ge #h4ae #af4cj #ad4jj #ac4bj ,dec4 #f4ij #e4he #e4fe #h4ge #ad4ce #ac4ge #ab4ej ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,chicago ,,top ,,hog ,,prices4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #g4aj #e4bj #e4jj #e4gb #g4je #d4gb #f4gj #i4je #h4cj #f4gj ,feb4 #g4ee #e4hj #e4ab #f4db #g4be #d4gj #f4ie #aj4jj #g4ij #f4eg ,mar4 #g4hg #e4hb #e4ee #f4ee #g4aj #f4ce #g4ae #aa4bj #g4ce #g4ie ,apr4 #g4fe #e4ej #e4gb #f4hb #f4ij #f4de #g4fj #aa4jj #f4ij #h4bj ,may #g4ae #d4ie #e4fe #f4fg #f4fe #e4ij #g4ee #i4he #f4ej #h4je ,june #f4de #e4de #e4gj #f4he #f4db #f4fg #h4bj #i4hj #f4gb #g4hj ,july #f4aj #e4ij #f4ag #g4jj #f4fe #g4aj #h4de #i4fj #g4ee #h4ej ,aug4 #f4bj #e4hj #f4de #f4ge #f4gb #g4aj #h4cb #i4gj #g4ie #i4jj ,sep4 #f4de #f4cg #f4bj #f4hb #g4jj #g4fj #h4fj #aj4aj #g4hj #i4bg ,oct4 #f4ej #f4cj #e4hj #f4he #g4jj #g4bj #h4dj #i4fe #f4ij #i4db ,nov4 #e4ej #e4be #e4be #f4ej #f4cb #f4dj #h4de #h4gj #f4gb #h4cj ,dec4 #d4ij #d4hg #e4ce #f4ee #e4cj #f4ae #h4ge #h4aj #f4fj #g4he ,y'rly av4 #f4fb #e4fj #e4ff #f4fb #f4gj #f4cf #g4ic #i4gc #g4bg #h4ad #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #g4hj #h4fj #g4dj #h4ajab4jjaf4ijah4jj ,feb4 #h4gj #h4ij #g4be #h4ij #ac4ee #ag4gj #ah4ae ,mar4 #i4fb #i4jj #g4je #aj4aj #ae4ee #ah4ae #ai4ie ,apr4 #i4gj #h4ie #g4ij #aj4aj #af4ej #ah4aj #ba4ae ,may #h4he #h4fg #g4ie #aj4ce #af4fe #ah4cj #ba4ee ,june #i4jj #h4eb #g4ie #aj4ae #af4ag #ag4ce #ba4fj ,july #i4fb #i4cj #h4ab #aj4be #af4cj #ai4dj #bc4fj ,aug4 #i4dj #aj4bj #h4je #aa4ee #bj4jj #bj4cj #bc4ej ,sep4 #i4fe #i4ge #h4ej #aa4fj #ai4gj #bj4ie #ba4jj ,oct4 #i4aj #i4je #h4ie #aj4ee #ai4fe #ai4ie #ag4bj ,nov4 #h4cj #h4be #g4ge #aj4ce #ah4aj #ah4fj #ae4ej ,dec4 #h4ae #g4ge #g4aj #aj4hj #ag4ge #ah4jj #ad4fj ,y'rly av4 #h4ih #h4ia #g4hc #aj4bc #af4hb #ah4fd #ai4fc ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,st4 ,,louis ,,top ,,hog ,,prices4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #g4jj #e4be #e4jb #e4ge #f4hg #d4ij #f4ge #i4jj #h4bg #f4ej ,feb4 #g4ej #e4hj #e4bj #f4dj #g4bj #d4fb #g4jj #i4ge #h4je #f4ee ,mar4 #g4ge #e4ge #e4ej #f4eb #g4ae #f4bj #g4ae #aa4jg #g4fj #h4je ,apr4 #g4ge #e4ge #e4gj #f4ge #f4he #f4dj #g4fj #aa4ae #g4bj #h4ae ,may #g4bj #d4ij #e4fj #f4fb #f4fe #e4ij #g4fj #i4hj #f4dj #h4aj ,june #f4be #e4ej #e4db #f4hj #f4dj #f4cj #h4ce #i4ge #f4gj #g4hj ,july #f4aj #e4ge #f4aj #g4jj #f4de #g4jj #h4ej #i4gj #g4ce #h4ce ,aug4 #f4bj #e4gb #f4ce #f4ge #f4hj #g4aj #h4be #i4de #g4ib #i4je ,sep4 #f4ce #f4be #f4ce #f4ge #f4he #g4ej #h4jb #aj4aj #g4he #i4cj ,oct4 #f4be #f4cj #e4fj #f4hj #g4jj #g4bj #h4ej #i4de #f4ij #i4cb ,nov4 #e4be #e4be #e4ae #f4ej #f4ce #f4be #h4be #h4ij #f4gj #h4ce ,dec4 #d4hg #d4he #e4cj #f4ej #e4cj #f4be #h4gj #h4aj #f4fe #g4ib ,y'rly av4 #f4eh #e4ej #e4fj #f4ei #f4fe #f4cj #g4ij #i4fh #g4bi #h4ab #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #g4gj #h4fe #g4de #h4ajab4jjaf4ieah4bj ,feb4 #h4fj #i4jj #g4be #h4gj #ac4jj #ag4fj #ah4ce ,mar4 #i4dj #i4jj #g4de #aj4ae #ae4ej #ah4cj #bj4je ,apr4 #i4ee #i4jj #g4he #aj4je #af4dj #ah4ae #ba4ae ,may #h4he #h4hj #g4ie #aj4be #af4ee #ah4aj #ba4bj ,june #i4jj #h4ee #g4ij #aj4je #af4ae #ag4ce #ba4ge ,july #i4ee #i4cb #h4be #aj4be #af4jj #ai4ae #bc4ej ,aug4 #i4dj #aj4jj #h4jj #aa4cj #ai4hj #bj4be #bc4ee ,sep4 #i4ej #i4fj #h4dj #aa4ej #ai4fe #bj4ge #bj4ej ,oct4 #i4je #i4jj #h4ij #aj4ej #ai4ge #bj4je #ag4gj ,nov4 #h4cj #h4jj #g4gj #aj4dj #ah4je #ah4fj #ae4fj ,dec4 #h4ae #g4fe #g4aj #aj4hj #ag4he #ah4bj #ad4he ,y'rly av4 #h4ib #h4hg #g4he #aj4ag #af4gb #ah4fb #ai4gj ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,omaha ,,top ,,hog ,,prices4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #f4he #e4jj #d4he #e4ej #f4ie #d4ej #f4be #h4gj #h4aj #f4dj ,feb4 #g4bj #e4fj #e4jj #f4bj #g4je #d4db #f4fj #i4ee #g4eg #f4cg ,mar4 #g4ee #e4dj #e4be #f4cg #f4ij #e4ib #f4ie #aj4he #g4aj #g4gg ,apr4 #g4dj #e4ag #e4dj #f4ee #f4ej #e4ie #g4cj #aj4hj #f4ee #g4ij ,may #f4ie #d4gg #e4cg #f4de #f4ej #e4ej #g4de #i4eg #f4aj #g4hb ,june #f4be #e4bg #e4ce #f4fj #f4bj #f4aj #g4he #i4ee #f4de #g4fj ,july #e4fe #e4ce #e4gj #f4ge #f4cj #f4fj #h4je #i4bj #g4jj #h4jj ,aug4 #e4hj #e4dj #f4aj #f4de #f4be #f4gj #h4je #i4ce #g4fe #h4fe ,sep4 #f4jj #f4je #e4ge #f4de #f4ce #g4je #h4cj #i4fj #g4dj #h4hj ,oct4 #e4he #e4he #e4cg #f4de #f4ej #f4he #h4jj #i4je #f4ej #i4jj ,nov4 #e4be #e4jj #e4jj #f4bg #e4ge #f4je #h4bj #h4fe #f4ej #h4jj ,dec4 #d4ge #d4fe #e4bj #f4ce #d4hj #f4jj #h4ej #g4ij #f4bb #g4ge ,y'rly av4 #f4bi #e4bi #e4cf #f4cg #f4cd #e4ig #g4fb #i4dj #f4ic #g4hd #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #g4de #h4de #g4ce #g4hjaa4gjaf4geag4fe ,feb4 #h4be #h4fj #f4ie #h4ee #ac4cj #ag4cj #ag4ge ,mar4 #h4ie #h4gj #f4hb #i4fe #ae4je #ag4ce #ai4ej ,apr4 #i4je #h4gb #g4ej #i4jj #af4bj #ag4de #bj4he ,may #h4fe #h4dj #g4fj #i4ij #af4bj #ag4ej #bj4hj ,june #h4fg #h4cb #g4fj #i4hj #ae4ge #af4he #ba4aj ,july #i4ae #h4ie #g4fe #aj4jj #ae4fe #ah4he #bb4he ,aug4 #h4je #i4ce #g4fj #aj4he #ai4fj #ai4fe #bb4ge ,sep4 #h4ge #h4ij #h4ae #aa4aj #ai4de #bj4dj #ai4be ,oct4 #h4ee #h4be #h4fj #aj4ae #ai4ej #ai4dj #af4fe ,nov4 #g4he #h4je #g4ce #aj4ae #ag4ij #ah4ae #ae4ce ,dec4 #g4hj #g4be #f4fe #aj4ce #ag4ej #ag4gj #ad4ge ,y'rly av4 #h4dc #h4ej #g4dh #i4gg #af4dh #ah4aa #ai4aj ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,kansas ,,city ,,top ,,hog ,,prices4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #f4ig #e4ae #e4jj #e4fj #g4jj #d4fe #f4de #h4ge #h4aj #f4de ,feb4 #g4be #e4fj #e4ab #f4be #g4ae #d4eh #f4fj #i4fj #g4ge #f4dj ,mar4 #g4fj #e4eb #e4cg #f4db #g4je #f4be #f4ie #aj4ie #g4ae #g4ij ,apr4 #g4ej #e4ce #e4eb #f4fj #f4fg #f4bj #g4ce #aj4hj #f4gj #h4je ,may #g4jj #d4hg #e4ej #f4ej #f4eb #e4fg #g4ej #i4fg #f4bj #g4ie ,june #f4jg #e4cb #e4ej #f4fg #f4cj #f4bj #g4ie #i4fe #f4ej #g4hj ,july #e4he #e4gj #e4hg #f4hg #f4dj #f4ie #h4ab #i4ce #g4aj #h4bj ,aug4 #f4ae #e4ej #f4be #f4dj #f4cb #f4ie #h4je #i4ee #g4gj #h4hb ,sep4 #f4bj #f4jg #e4ib #f4fj #f4ej #g4bj #h4cg #i4he #g4ej #h4ij ,oct4 #f4ag #e4ig #e4dj #f4eg #f4fj #f4he #h4ag #i4ce #f4fj #i4je ,nov4 #e4ce #e4be #e4jj #f4cg #e4ij #f4bj #h4bg #h4fj #f4fb #h4jj ,dec4 #d4hj #d4gj #e4ag #f4de #e4jb #e4ig #h4fj #g4ij #f4dj #g4ij ,y'rly av4 #f4da #e4db #e4dg #f4dd #f4de #f4ad #g4gj #i4ej #g4jc #g4ie #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #g4eg #h4ej #g4ce #h4jjaa4ijaf4ieag4gj ,feb4 #h4ej #h4ge #g4jb #h4fg #ac4de #ag4ge #ah4jj ,mar4 #i4bj #h4hj #g4je #i4hj #ae4ce #ag4ej #ai4hj ,apr4 #i4be #h4hj #g4fe #i4ij #af4cj #ag4ge #ba4jj ,may #h4gg #h4ej #g4hj #aj4je #af4de #ag4gj #ba4aj ,june #h4hj #h4de #g4he #aj4jj #ae4ij #ag4jj #ba4ce ,july #i4be #i4ae #g4hj #aj4aj #af4aj #ai4ae #bc4dj ,aug4 #h4ie #i4ge #g4gj #aa4aj #bj4jj #bj4ae #bc4bj ,sep4 #i4aj #i4de #h4be #aa4ae #ai4de #bj4fe #bj4aj ,oct4 #h4fj #h4cg #h4fj #aj4dj #ai4fe #ah4de #af4gj ,nov4 #h4jj #h4aj #g4ej #aj4ae #ag4he #ah4be #ae4fj ,dec4 #g4ie #g4dj #f4hb #aj4fj #ag4gj #ag4ge #ae4jj ,y'rly av4 #h4ff #h4fg #g4fb #i4ia #af4fg #ag4db #ai4da ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,average ,,prices ,,of ,,native ,,beef ,,cattle 7#ijj to #a1ijj ,,pounds7 ,,at ,,chicago4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #d4hj #d4fe #d4fe #e4jj #e4fj #e4cj #f4jj #f4bj #f4ae #f4he ,feb4 #d4fj #d4ej #d4ge #e4je #e4ee #e4dj #e4he #f4ce #f4ae #f4fj ,mar4 #d4ge #d4fj #e4jj #e4ae #e4ee #f4jj #f4aj #g4ce #f4bj #g4bj ,apr4 #d4ij #d4fe #e4ge #e4je #e4fe #f4ej #f4aj #g4ee #f4aj #g4fe ,may #d4hj #d4he #e4de #e4bj #e4fe #f4fj #f4de #g4ej #e4ie #g4ie ,june #d4ij #e4fj #e4be #e4bj #f4bj #f4ij #f4de #g4ej #f4je #h4jj ,july #d4ie #e4dj #d4ie #e4dj #f4dj #f4de #f4de #g4aj #f4cj #g4ij ,aug4 #e4jj #e4aj #e4jj #e4de #f4be #f4jj #f4gj #f4he #f4ie #h4ej ,sep4 #d4ie #e4aj #e4je #e4ej #f4aj #e4ie #f4ge #f4hj #f4hj #h4ae ,oct4 #d4gj #e4bj #d4hj #e4fj #f4aj #e4gj #f4fj #f4fj #f4ge #g4ij ,nov4 #d4de #d4ie #d4fe #e4fj #e4dj #e4ij #f4de #f4bj #f4gj #h4aj ,dec4 #d4ee #d4dj #d4ge #e4ej #e4aj #f4jj #f4bj #f4jj #f4fe #g4he #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #g4hj #h4de #h4je #h4ceaj4aeab4ajae4hj ,feb4 #h4be #h4cj #g4ej #h4ce #aj4ej #ab4jj #ae4ie ,mar4 #h4cj #h4ce #g4fe #h4ge #aa4be #ab4fj #af4je ,apr4 #h4ae #h4ej #g4gj #i4aj #aa4ge #ad4gj #ae4he ,may #h4jj #h4dj #h4ce #i4ej #aa4ij #ae4dj #ae4jj ,june #h4ae #h4fj #h4hj #i4he #ab4ae #ae4he #ac4ee ,july #h4be #h4hj #i4bj #i4be #ab4ce #af4je #ae4fj ,aug4 #h4cj #i4aj #i4je #i4de #ab4gj #ae4ge #af4de ,sep4 #h4ej #i4ce #h4ie #i4dj #ac4aj #af4jj #ae4ej ,oct4 #h4dj #i4je #h4hj #i4ge #aa4gj #ad4hj #af4ae ,nov4 #h4be #h4fj #h4gj #aj4ae #aa4aj #ae4je #ae4aj ,dec4 #h4bj #h4ce #h4ce #aj4jj #aa4dj #ad4ij #ad4ce ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,average ,,prices ,,for #a1bjj ,,to #a1ejj-,,pound ,,steers ,,at ,,chicago4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,january #d4ij #d4ij #d4he #e4dj #e4hj #e4ej #f4cj #f4fj #f4cj #g4ej ,february #d4ge #d4ge #e4je #e4dj #e4fj #e4ej #f4aj #f4he #f4cj #g4dj ,march #d4hj #d4he #e4be #e4ej #e4ge #f4ae #f4ce #g4gj #f4ce #g4ie ,april #e4jj #d4hj #e4ie #e4ce #e4he #f4fe #f4bj #g4he #f4cj #h4bj ,may #d4he #e4jj #e4gj #e4dj #e4hj #f4hj #f4fj #g4gj #f4ae #h4ej ,june #e4jj #e4ie #e4ej #e4ce #f4dj #g4je #f4fe #g4fj #f4be #h4gj ,july #e4jj #e4fj #e4ae #e4fj #f4gj #f4ge #f4fj #g4dj #f4dj #h4he ,august #e4aj #e4bj #e4be #e4ge #f4ee #f4dj #f4ge #g4ae #g4jj #i4fj ,september #e4ae #e4ce #e4dj #e4ge #f4ej #f4dj #f4ie #g4be #g4ae #i4ej ,october #d4ij #e4fj #e4je #e4ij #f4cj #e4ij #g4jj #g4jj #g4ce #i4ce ,november #d4gj #e4je #d4ie #e4he #e4fj #f4cj #f4ij #f4ce #g4ej #i4ej ,december #d4hj #d4ge #e4jj #e4hj #e4cj #f4dj #f4he #f4ae #g4ce #i4aj ,yearly #d4ij #e4aj #e4cj #e4fj #f4jj #f4cj #f4fj #g4ae #f4gj #h4dj aver4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,january #h4aj #h4de #h4ce #h4fe #aj4gj #ab4ge #af4hj ,february #h4cj #h4dj #g4ij #h4gj #aa4be #ab4ij #ag4jj ,march #h4de #h4ej #h4jj #i4ae #aa4he #ac4bj #ag4bj ,april #h4ce #h4fe #h4je #i4ee #ab4ce #ae4ce #af4he ,may #h4cj #h4fj #h4fj #i4ij #ab4ej #af4ej #af4jj ,june #h4ce #h4hj #i4jj #aj4ce #ab4ge #ag4jj #ad4ej ,july #h4ej #h4ie #i4de #aj4je #ac4jj #ag4bj #ae4ij ,august #h4ee #i4ce #i4be #aj4dj #ac4ij #ag4be #af4ge ,september #h4fj #i4fj #i4cj #aj4ej #ad4ej #ag4fe #ae4hj ,october #h4gj #i4ce #i4je #aj4je #ac4ej #af4fj #af4ej ,november #h4ej #h4ie #h4he #aj4ij #ab4ej #af4hj #ae4dj ,december #h4dj #h4hj #h4ge #aa4je #ab4jj #af4ge #ad4ej ,yearly #h4ce #h4he #h4ge #i4ij #ab4ee #ae4ej #af4bj aver4 ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,average ,,prices ,,of ,,fat ,,cows ,,and ,,heifers ,,at ,,chicago4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #d4je #c4fe #c4ce #c4ej #c4hj #c4gj #d4aj #d4be #d4ee #d4be ,feb4 #d4jj #c4gj #c4de #c4gj #c4ge #c4hj #d4be #d4ee #d4ej #d4be ,mar4 #d4je #c4gj #c4fe #c4he #c4ij #d4ae #d4ce #e4cj #d4fe #e4jj ,apr4 #d4ae #c4he #d4aj #c4he #d4jj #d4gj #d4fe #e4ij #d4ee #e4ge ,may #d4ae #d4jj #d4aj #c4ij #c4ie #d4ij #e4jj #e4ee #d4fj #f4bj ,june #d4ae #d4cj #c4gj #c4fe #d4bj #d4ge #d4fj #e4ae #d4cj #e4he ,july #c4ie #d4bj #c4ej #c4de #d4ae #d4ae #d4dj #d4fe #d4de #e4ee ,aug4 #d4jj #c4hj #c4dj #c4ej #c4hj #c4ij #d4aj #d4bj #d4fj #e4gj ,sep4 #c4ij #c4ce #c4ce #c4ee #c4gj #c4ge #c4ij #d4jj #d4dj #e4dj ,oct4 #c4hj #c4aj #c4cj #c4fe #c4ej #c4fe #c4he #c4ie #d4be #e4ae ,nov4 #c4gj #b4ij #c4ej #c4ge #c4ce #c4ej #d4jj #c4he #d4je #e4aj ,dec4 #c4fj #b4ge #c4fj #c4gj #c4cj #c4gj #d4jj #c4ij #d4jj #e4je #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #e4ej #f4aj #f4aj #e4he #g4aj #h4ijaj4jj ,feb4 #e4hj #f4ce #e4fe #f4jj #g4ej #i4jj #aj4fj ,mar4 #f4ae #f4be #e4ee #f4fj #h4dj #i4ge #aa4cj ,apr4 #f4be #f4de #e4ge #f4ij #h4ij #aj4cj #aa4cj ,may #f4ce #f4ij #f4dj #g4hj #i4aj #aj4ij #aa4be ,june #f4bj #f4fe #f4ge #g4fe #h4fj #aj4gj #aj4ce ,july #f4jj #f4he #f4ee #f4he #h4aj #i4gj #aj4aj ,aug4 #f4aj #f4ij #f4de #f4ge #h4fj #aj4jj #aj4be ,sep4 #f4be #f4fj #f4cj #f4ej #h4dj #i4jj #i4dj ,oct4 #f4ae #f4cj #f4aj #f4be #h4cj #h4ij #h4ge ,nov4 #e4ij #f4je #e4fe #f4fj #h4bj #h4fe #h4dj ,dec4 #e4hj #e4ij #e4ee #f4he #h4ae #i4be #h4dj ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,average ,,prices ,,of ,,canners ,,and ,,cutters ,,at ,,chicago4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #b4be #b4aj #a4gj #b4ae #b4aj #b4bj #b4ej #b4ge #b4he #b4fe ,feb4 #b4be #b4be #a4ij #b4ae #b4ae #b4dj #b4fe #c4aj #c4aj #b4fj ,mar4 #b4ce #b4cj #b4je #b4cj #b4ce #b4fj #b4gj #c4ej #c4jj #c4jj ,apr4 #b4de #b4cj #b4be #b4de #b4de #b4gj #b4he #c4fe #c4ae #c4ej ,may #b4cj #b4ae #b4be #b4dj #b4dj #b4hj #c4jj #c4ej #b4ij #c4ge ,june #b4ce #b4aj #b4jj #b4ae #b4be #b4gj #b4he #c4dj #b4ie #c4fj ,july #b4bj #b4jj #a4hj #a4he #b4bj #b4ej #b4ge #c4aj #b4hj #c4ej ,aug4 #b4ae #a4ge #a4gj #a4ge #b4je #b4ej #b4fe #b4hj #b4ge #c4fj ,sep4 #b4je #a4fj #a4ij #a4gj #b4jj #b4dj #b4fe #b4he #b4hj #c4fj ,oct4 #b4jj #a4ee #a4ij #a4hj #a4ie #b4ce #b4fe #b4hj #b4fe #c4ej ,nov4 #a4hj #a4ej #a4he #b4je #a4he #b4cj #b4gj #b4he #b4ee #c4fj ,dec4 #a4hj #a4dj #a4ij #a4ij #a4ij #b4ce #b4ge #b4he #b4ej #c4fj #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #c4ij #d4be #d4be #d4jj #e4de #f4ie #g4be ,feb4 #d4aj #d4ej #d4aj #d4be #e4fj #g4ae #f4fj ,mar4 #d4ce #d4ej #c4he #d4hj #f4ce #g4ce #f4ej ,apr4 #d4dj #d4fj #d4jj #d4ie #g4aj #g4gj #f4dj ,may #d4dj #d4ge #d4dj #e4dj #g4be #g4hj #g4jj ,june #d4cj #d4fj #d4ge #e4ce #f4hj #g4fj #g4je ,july #d4ae #d4ej #d4ge #e4bj #f4aj #g4be #f4he ,aug4 #d4bj #d4he #d4fj #e4je #f4dj #g4jj #f4ge ,sep4 #d4ce #d4fe #d4dj #d4ge #f4bj #f4gj #e4ij ,oct4 #d4be #d4dj #d4be #d4de #f4jj #f4fj #e4he ,nov4 #d4aj #d4ee #d4aj #d4gj #e4ij #e4ge #e4hj ,dec4 #d4je #d4dj #c4ie #e4ae #f4je #f4ge #e4fj ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,average ,,prices ,,of ,,native ,,calves ,,at ,,chicago4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #g4aj #e4he #f4ae #g4jj #g4jj #f4ge #g4fj #h4fj #h4ge #h4ge ,feb4 #g4ae #f4ce #f4ej #f4dj #f4ej #f4fj #f4he #h4fe #h4dj #g4ej ,mar4 #f4ej #e4fe #e4gj #f4be #f4fj #f4bj #g4jj #i4jj #g4dj #h4jj ,apr4 #e4ge #d4fj #e4aj #e4fj #f4jj #e4ej #f4cj #g4he #f4fj #g4dj ,may #e4fj #d4fj #e4be #e4fe #f4ce #e4fj #e4fj #g4ce #g4be #g4ge ,june #f4bj #d4ij #e4he #e4hj #f4ae #e4hj #f4ej #g4he #g4fj #h4jj ,july #e4fe #e4ge #e4ge #e4fj #f4dj #f4jj #g4jj #g4fj #g4dj #h4ge ,aug4 #f4dj #e4fj #e4ij #f4jj #f4ce #f4ge #g4ej #g4ge #h4jj #i4ge ,sep4 #f4fe #e4ij #f4jj #f4ge #f4ej #g4fj #g4fj #h4ej #h4ge #aa4be ,oct4 #f4dj #f4aj #f4jj #f4ej #f4jj #g4be #h4aj #h4fe #h4fj #aj4jj ,nov4 #e4ge #f4jj #f4jj #f4be #f4be #f4ej #h4ge #h4ge #h4ce #i4he ,dec4 #d4ie #f4jj #f4jj #g4jj #f4jj #g4dj #h4be #h4ej #g4he #aj4be #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #i4geaa4jj #i4heaj4aeac4djae4ceae4ej ,feb4 #i4he #aj4ge #aj4ce #aj4fe #ab4fe #ad4ae #ae4ge ,mar4 #aj4ej #i4jj #aj4jj #i4fe #ac4dj #ae4be #af4ej ,apr4 #h4ej #h4he #h4dj #h4ge #ab4ej #ad4ej #ae4ce ,may #i4be #i4ej #i4ae #aj4dj #ac4be #ac4ej #ad4ej ,june #i4ge #i4dj #i4fj #aa4be #ac4dj #ae4ee #ah4ge ,july #aj4dj #aj4fj #aj4be #aa4dj #ac4jj #af4gj #ah4jj ,aug4 #aa4ej #aa4jj #aa4ej #ab4jj #ae4ae #ag4be #ai4he ,sep4 #aa4be #aa4dj #aa4be #ab4dj #ae4jj #ah4fj #bj4ej ,oct4 #aj4ej #aj4fe #aj4he #aa4ej #ad4he #ag4aj #ah4aj ,nov4 #aj4ce #aj4ce #aj4ae #aa4he #ac4ej #af4hj #ag4dj ,dec4 #aj4ge #h4fe #i4fe #aa4ge #ae4be #af4ej #af4ej ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 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,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,average ,,prices ,,of ,,feeders ,,and ,,stockers ,,at ,,chicago4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #c4fj #c4dj #c4fe #c4hj #d4aj #c4he #d4ee #d4fe #e4ae #d4ij ,feb4 #c4ge #c4de #c4gj #c4ij #d4be #d4bj #d4gj #d4he #e4aj #e4bj ,mar4 #d4bj #c4gj #c4ij #d4jj #d4de #d4ce #d4fj #e4ej #e4be #e4fj ,apr4 #d4ce #c4hj #c4ie #d4jj #d4fj #d4hj #d4hj #e4fj #e4aj #f4ae ,may #d4aj #d4jj #d4bj #d4ae #d4ee #d4fj #d4he #e4ej #d4ie #f4be ,june #d4jj #c4ie #d4jj #c4ij #d4ej #d4dj #d4ge #d4he #d4ej #e4he ,july #c4gj #c4ej #c4dj #c4fe #d4bj #d4ae #d4ej #d4de #d4ce #e4dj ,aug4 #c4de #c4ce #c4cj #c4ge #d4jj #d4aj #d4cj #d4ej #d4de #e4gj ,sep4 #c4be #c4cj #c4de #c4ij #d4je #c4ij #d4ce #d4ej #d4ee #e4fe ,oct4 #c4bj #c4be #c4ce #c4ge #c4he #c4ie #d4cj #d4gj #d4dj #e4fj ,nov4 #c4aj #c4ae #c4be #c4gj #c4hj #d4jj #d4be #d4fj #d4ej #e4he ,dec4 #c4je #b4ij #c4ce #c4hj #c4ge #d4bj #d4dj #d4gj #d4fj #e4ej #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #f4ae #g4aj #ab #ab #g4ej #h4hjaj4he #f4he #g4jj ,feb4 #g4aj #g4be #ab #f4ij #g4ge #i4jj #aa4ej #g4jj ,mar4 #g4de #g4cj #ab #g4fe #h4fj #aj4be #ab4jj #f4ie ,apr4 #g4ej #g4ee #ab #g4hj #h4ge #aj4ej #ab4fe #h4je ,may #g4dj #g4hj #ab #h4ae #h4ij #aj4ge #ab4dj #g4ie ,june #g4ae #g4ce #ab #g4ij #h4ej #aj4ij #aa4ae #g4ge ,july #g4be #g4bj #ab #g4jj #g4ij #aj4be #aj4ae #g4gj ,aug4 #g4cj #g4cj #ab #f4ij #h4ce #aj4he #aj4ge #g4ee ,sep4 #g4ce #g4ae #ab #f4gj #h4ej #aj4ij #i4ij #g4dj ,oct4 #f4ie #f4hj #ab #f4fj #h4dj #aj4be #aj4ae #f4ij ,nov4 #f4ge #f4gj #ab #f4fe #h4ge #aj4jj #i4ge #f4ge ,dec4 #f4fe #f4gj #ab #f4ie #h4ej #aj4be #i4aj #f4ee ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,average ,,prices ,,of ,,yearling ,,sheep ,,at ,,chicago4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #e4je #e4aj #f4ce #f4bj #f4je #e4fj #f4aj #f4ge #e4ae #e4ej ,feb4 #e4fj #d4ie #f4fj #f4jj #f4aj #e4gj #f4jj #g4gj #e4be #e4be ,mar4 #f4dj #d4ie #f4ce #e4ge #f4dj #f4ej #f4cj #h4dj #e4ae #f4jj ,apr4 #f4je #e4be #f4jj #f4je #f4fj #f4be #f4fe #h4jj #d4ge #f4gj ,may #f4aj #e4de #e4ej #f4ae #f4de #e4ij #g4jj #g4be #e4je #f4ge ,june #e4ce #e4dj #e4dj #f4dj #f4fe #e4be #f4dj #f4bj #d4ee #e4ce ,july #d4bj #d4hj #e4he #f4be #f4bj #d4he #e4cj #e4cj #d4ge #e4cj ,aug4 #c4ie #d4be #e4ej #e4hj #f4jj #d4ej #e4be #e4de #d4fe #e4jj ,sep4 #c4he #d4je #e4dj #e4ge #e4hj #d4ce #e4be #e4dj #d4be #e4be ,oct4 #d4jj #d4be #e4fj #e4ge #e4fj #d4gj #e4cj #e4jj #d4be #e4jj ,nov4 #d4jj #d4ij #e4ge #f4je #e4jj #d4hj #f4jj #d4ij #d4cj #e4bj ,dec4 #d4aj #e4dj #f4bj #f4jj #d4hj #e4aj #f4fj #e4aj #d4ej #f4be #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #g4aj #f4ae #g4be #i4bjab4ejad4aeac4ej ,feb4 #g4be #f4ej #g4fe #i4ej #ac4jj #ad4fe #ae4jj ,mar4 #g4ej #f4ej #h4dj #i4ge #ac4ej #ae4be #ag4je ,apr4 #g4ce #f4fj #h4he #i4ej #ab4ge #af4jj #ae4ie ,may #f4fj #f4ej #h4be #aj4be #ad4jj #ae4jj #ac4ae ,june #f4jj #f4ej #g4jj #h4ej #aa4ge #ac4ge #aj4ie ,july #f4aj #f4gj #g4jj #h4fj #ab4jj #ae4ae #aa4hj ,aug4 #e4ej #f4ej #f4ge #h4bj #ab4jj #ad4ij #aa4ge ,sep4 #e4be #f4cj #f4ge #h4fe #ac4dj #ac4ej #aj4gj ,oct4 #e4ce #f4be #f4he #h4ej #ac4ej #aa4ge #aj4hj ,nov4 #e4ge #g4jj #g4je #i4fe #ac4ge #aa4ce #aj4ij ,dec4 #f4be #f4ij #g4gj #aj4ij #ac4ge #aa4ge #ad4jj ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,chicago ,,average ,,prices ,,of ,,native ,,lambs4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,january #e4dj #e4dj #g4aj #g4be #g4be #f4gj #g4be #h4bj #f4jj #f4ce ,february #f4jj #e4be #g4cj #f4hj #g4bj #f4fj #g4dj #h4ej #e4hj #f4jj ,march #f4de #e4ae #g4jj #f4dj #g4de #g4aj #g4ej #i4cj #e4ge #g4jj ,april #e4he #e4cj #f4bj #f4bj #g4ie #g4aj #g4ge #i4jj #e4bj #g4ej ,may #e4ie #e4fj #f4jj #f4dj #g4hj #f4dj #g4hj #h4ae #e4fj #g4he ,june #e4ge #e4ee #e4ge #f4gj #g4aj #e4dj #g4cj #g4ce #e4ge #f4fj ,july #e4ce #e4ij #f4jj #f4fj #g4je #f4jj #g4dj #f4hj #e4ij #g4ae ,august #d4he #e4dj #g4aj #g4jj #f4ij #e4ie #g4be #f4dj #f4jj #f4ge ,september #d4hj #e4aj #g4jj #g4jj #f4ij #e4be #f4gj #f4dj #e4dj #f4ge ,october #d4hj #e4je #g4be #f4ij #f4hj #e4dj #f4dj #f4ee #e4ej #f4ej ,november #d4hj #e4ee #g4jj #g4jj #f4jj #e4ge #g4ae #f4ae #e4ce #f4ij ,december #e4jj #f4bj #g4be #g4ae #e4fe #f4fj #g4fj #f4jj #e4fj #g4ej #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,january #h4ce #g4ge #h4be #aj4jj #ac4ge #af4hj #ae4ie ,february #h4be #g4dj #h4fj #aj4be #ad4je #af4be #ag4jj ,march #h4ce #g4dj #i4be #aj4dj #ac4ij #ag4aj #ah4gj ,april #h4aj #g4aj #i4jj #i4ge #ad4jj #ah4fj #ag4dj ,may #g4jj #g4ej #i4ge #aj4jj #ae4ej #ag4be #ae4aj ,june #f4ej #g4ge #i4jj #i4ae #ae4jj #af4fe #ac4gj ,july #g4dj #h4be #h4ej #aj4ce #ae4gj #ah4ce #af4he ,august #g4be #g4ij #h4hj #aj4dj #ae4ce #ag4be #af4fj ,september #g4je #g4ej #h4ej #aj4be #ag4ce #af4he #ad4gj ,october #f4ie #g4fj #h4fe #aj4jj #ag4be #ae4ae #ad4he ,november #g4aj #h4gj #h4ge #aa4ae #af4fj #ad4ij #ad4be ,december #g4dj #h4ae #h4ij #ab4fj #af4ce #ad4ej #af4jj ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,chicago ,,average ,,prices ,,of ,,native ,,sheep4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,january #d4jj #c4he #e4aj #e4ce #e4aj #d4ge #d4he #e4ej #c4ie #d4ae ,february #d4ee #c4he #e4ej #e4jj #e4ae #d4ij #d4he #f4aj #d4aj #d4aj ,march #e4be #d4cj #e4ej #e4bj #e4ce #e4ge #e4cj #g4ae #d4fe #e4bj ,april #d4hj #d4gj #d4ie #e4ce #e4de #e4fe #e4ej #g4aj #d4je #e4ge ,may #d4fj #d4ij #d4fj #e4de #e4gj #e4dj #e4ij #f4dj #d4ce #f4jj ,june #c4ie #d4cj #d4gj #e4cj #e4hj #d4hj #e4be #e4jj #c4fe #d4ce ,july #c4dj #c4hj #e4aj #e4ae #e4be #d4aj #d4fe #c4ie #c4ge #d4jj ,august #c4ae #c4fj #e4jj #d4ij #e4be #c4ij #d4dj #d4jj #c4cj #c4he ,september #c4aj #c4ej #d4ge #e4aj #e4ae #c4fe #d4ee #d4bj #c4ge #c4ij ,october #c4aj #c4fj #e4bj #d4hj #d4ge #d4je #d4dj #d4jj #c4ee #c4ge ,november #c4je #d4je #e4bj #e4jj #d4dj #d4bj #d4ej #c4ge #c4be #c4he ,december #c4ae #d4ej #e4be #e4jj #d4aj #d4cj #d4ij #c4he #c4dj #d4ce #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,january #e4be #e4aj #e4fe #g4aj #i4ge #ab4aj #aj4be ,february #e4ge #e4ee #f4ce #g4fj #aa4aj #ab4cj #aa4bj ,march #f4be #e4hj #g4cj #h4ce #aa4ce #ac4fe #ac4ij ,april #f4ce #f4jj #g4fj #h4be #aa4he #ae4jj #ad4cj ,may #e4ge #e4ej #g4ae #h4ae #ac4be #ac4ij #aa4ij ,june #d4he #e4jj #e4dj #g4be #i4ij #ac4be #i4ae ,july #d4ce #e4bj #e4ij #g4ae #h4ge #ab4jj #i4cj ,august #d4be #e4be #f4aj #g4ae #i4ge #ab4fe #i4bj ,september #d4ae #e4ae #e4fj #g4ej #aa4ae #aa4ge #g4ge ,october #d4dj #e4bj #e4he #g4dj #aa4ej #aj4jj #g4fj ,november #d4ej #e4ej #e4gj #g4hj #aa4ae #i4dj #h4aj ,december #d4hj #e4ce #f4aj #h4ij #aa4ee #i4ae #i4dj ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,chicago ,,average ,,prices ,,of ,,western ,,lambs4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,january #e4fj #e4gj #e4be #g4cj #g4cj #f4hj #g4dj #h4dj #f4be #f4ee ,february #f4bj #e4ee #g4ej #f4ge #g4cj #f4ge #g4ee #h4ge #f4aj #f4be ,march #f4gj #e4de #g4aj #f4ce #g4fj #g4dj #g4gj #i4ej #f4ae #g4ej ,april #f4dj #e4ij #f4ie #f4ce #h4je #g4ce #h4aj #i4ae #e4fj #h4aj ,may #f4ce #e4he #f4dj #f4fj #g4hj #f4he #h4dj #h4ej #e4ie #h4fj ,june #e4cj #e4fe #f4jj #f4hj #g4bj #e4hj #g4ge #g4fe #f4cj #g4bj ,july #e4bj #f4dj #f4ce #f4he #g4je #f4dj #g4hj #g4ae #f4dj #g4de ,august #d4ij #e4de #g4je #g4bj #f4ij #f4bj #g4dj #f4hj #f4ej #g4be ,september #d4he #e4ae #g4jj #g4bj #f4ij #e4dj #f4he #f4he #e4hj #g4ae ,october #d4ge #e4bj #g4jj #g4je #f4hj #e4fe #f4ee #f4gj #e4hj #f4ij ,november #d4ej #e4de #f4he #f4ij #f4je #e4ij #f4ij #f4cj #e4ej #g4be ,december #d4fe #f4bj #g4be #g4aj #e4gj #f4ge #g4ej #f4bj #e4he #g4ij #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,january #h4gj #h4jj #h4ej #aj4ej #ad4jj #ag4ce #af4ee ,february #h4fe #g4gj #h4hj #aj4ie #ad4jj #af4ge #ag4hj ,march #h4gj #g4he #i4fe #aa4ae #ad4ce #ag4ij #ai4dj ,april #h4ej #g4ij #i4ge #aj4ej #ad4ej #ai4fj #ah4bj ,may #g4fe #h4ej #aj4ce #aa4jj #ag4be #ah4ce #af4dj ,june #g4jj #h4aj #i4cj #i4ge #ae4ej #ag4jj #ad4dj ,july #g4gj #h4fe #h4ij #aj4fe #ae4fj #ah4fj #ag4ae ,august #g4fj #h4be #i4jj #aj4ij #ae4he #ag4he #af4ij ,september #g4cj #g4ij #h4ij #aj4hj #ag4fe #ag4dj #ad4ij ,october #g4ae #g4fe #h4hj #aj4be #ag4ej #ae4ej #ae4ae ,november #g4dj #h4hj #h4ij #aa4ej #af4he #ae4bj #ad4ge ,december #g4gj #h4dj #i4ae #ab4he #af4ee #ad4ge #af4gj ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,chicago ,,average ,,prices ,,of ,,western ,,sheep4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,january #d4be #d4je #e4bj #e4de #e4bj #d4ij #d4ie #e4fe #d4aj #d4dj ,february #d4ge #d4be #e4fj #e4be #e4be #e4aj #e4jj #f4ge #d4be #d4be ,march #e4ee #d4gj #e4ej #e4ce #e4fe #e4ij #e4be #g4fe #d4ge #e4dj ,april #e4cj #e4be #e4bj #e4ce #e4he #e4gj #e4gj #g4fe #d4be #f4jj ,may #e4je #e4cj #d4ij #e4fe #e4he #e4aj #f4bj #f4gj #d4ej #f4bj ,june #d4de #d4fj #d4ge #e4fj #f4jj #d4fj #e4cj #e4ae #d4jj #d4gj ,july #c4ee #c4ij #e4aj #e4ce #e4dj #d4aj #d4gj #d4cj #d4je #d4ej ,august #c4cj #c4gj #d4ij #e4je #e4dj #d4aj #d4fj #d4be #c4fj #d4bj ,september #c4be #c4ej #d4gj #e4bj #e4bj #c4hj #d4ge #d4be #c4ij #d4cj ,october #c4be #c4gj #e4jj #e4jj #d4ij #d4aj #d4cj #c4ij #c4gj #d4aj ,november #c4je #d4aj #e4jj #e4aj #d4ce #d4aj #d4ee #c4gj #c4ej #d4ae ,december #c4be #d4fe #e4be #e4ae #d4be #d4ce #d4ie #d4jj #c4fj #d4ee #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,january #e4de #e4fj #f4jj #g4dj #aj4be #ab4be #aj4de ,february #f4jj #e4hj #f4ee #g4hj #aa4ce #ab4de #aa4ej ,march #f4ej #f4aj #g4ee #h4ae #aa4he #ac4ej #ad4ae ,april #f4fj #f4ce #g4ij #h4ae #ab4ae #ae4he #ad4gj ,may #f4jj #e4ge #g4ee #h4be #ab4ge #ad4ij #ab4fj ,june #e4ae #e4ej #e4fe #g4dj #aj4ae #ac4fj #i4de ,july #d4fe #e4gj #f4bj #g4ej #i4fj #ab4ij #aj4aj ,august #d4de #e4ge #f4cj #g4fj #i4ej #ac4be #aj4be ,september #d4ce #e4dj #e4ij #h4jj #aa4ej #aa4he #h4he ,october #d4fj #e4dj #f4bj #g4fj #aa4ij #aj4ee #h4gj ,november #d4fe #e4ge #e4ie #h4aj #aa4dj #i4ij #h4fj ,december #e4aj #e4fj #f4ce #i4aj #aa4dj #i4fj #i4hj ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,average ,,prices ,,of ,,short-,,rib ,,sides ,,at ,,chicago4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #h4gh #f4dd #f4dd #g4cc #i4jj #f4ad #h4cgaa4aaaj4ca #h4jf ,feb4 #i4ce #g4ac #f4fc #g4ge #i4ca #f4jf #h4ef #ab4ab #i4fi #h4jf ,mar4 #i4gj #f4id #f4gh #h4ce #h4fi #f4ef #h4ha #ac4af #h4ge #h4fi ,apr4 #i4fc #f4dd #f4id #h4fc #h4dh #f4ge #i4cj #ab4fb #h4jj #i4fc ,may #i4cj #f4ch #g4jf #h4hh #h4ge #g4jj #aj4jf #ab4jf #g4fi #aj4jf ,june #h4ih #g4jf #g4ef #i4bc #h4ej #g4fb #aj4hj #ac4jj #g4id #aj4ai ,july #h4bj #g4cg #g4hj #i4cj #h4ef #h4ef #aa4ai #ab4cg #h4ab #aj4be ,aug4 #g4ej #g4da #h4ej #h4ij #h4fa #h4ge #aa4cj #aa4ha #h4ef #aj4fb ,sep4 #h4be #g4ef #h4eh #h4hc #h4cj #i4ej #aa4hj #aa4ej #h4fc #aj4fb ,oct4 #h4ac #g4ef #h4jj #h4fc #h4jf #i4jf #aa4aj #aj4hh #h4ca #aj4fc ,nov4 #g4jj #f4hh #g4ae #h4ch #g4ie #h4fb #aa4ca #i4id #h4ai #aj4fb ,dec4 #f4ca #f4dd #g4jd #h4dc #g4jj #h4ai #ab4bi #i4hh #h4ai #i4hh #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #i4geaj4id #i4geaj4caad4ddbc4fjbc4cg ,feb4 #aj4be #aa4ac #i4ej #aj4fi #ae4id #bd4fh #bc4be ,mar4 #aj4ha #aa4jf #i4be #aa4ef #ag4ej #bd4dc #be4fb ,apr4 #aa4be #aj4ha #i4fc #ab4be #ai4ch #bc4ba #bg4fi ,may #aa4id #aa4jf #aj4ab #ab4ef #bj4ej #bb4be #bi4aj ,june #aa4hh #aa4dd #aj4jj #ab4id #bj4ej #bb4fj #bh4ej ,july #aa4ha #aa4id #i4fb #ac4ef #ba4ee #bc4ie #bh4fi ,aug4 #aa4be #ab4ac #h4fb #ac4ic #bb4hf #bd4dd #bd4ge ,sep4 #aa4ch #aa4hh #h4ch #ad4ej #be4ai #bc4ic #bj4ge ,oct4 #aj4id #aj4fi #i4ge #ad4ah #bg4jj #ba4ih #ah4fb ,nov4 #aj4ha #aj4ac #aj4jj #ad4ca #bf4hh #bd4ge #ai4ej ,dec4 #aj4id #i4ha #i4hh #ac4ej #be4ej #be4hg #ah4hg ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,average ,,prices ,,of ,,lard ,,at ,,chicago4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #i4ie #f4ib #f4gc #g4dg #i4dj #g4gf #i4ehab4beaj4be #i4be ,feb4 #i4ec #g4di #f4gf #g4fc #i4gb #g4bb #i4ej #ab4ei #i4dd #h4ij ,mar4 #i4ie #g4jf #f4id #h4jd #i4jb #g4ic #i4ih #ad4jj #h4gj #i4ce ,apr4 #i4fj #f4gj #g4ac #h4ee #h4gc #h4ad #aj4ai #ac4jj #g4hd #aj4cf ,may #h4ii #f4ch #g4ad #h4ef #i4jj #h4ch #aj4fa #ab4gh #h4jf #aj4fd ,june #h4di #f4fi #g4be #h4fg #h4gi #h4hc #aa4ea #ab4af #h4ae #aj4gg ,july #g4ib #g4ja #g4ab #h4hf #h4ie #i4cd #aa4cf #aa4ia #h4cf #aj4ef ,aug4 #h4jf #f4ha #g4fh #h4gj #h4ie #i4cd #aa4ga #aa4ha #h4if #aj4hj ,sep4 #i4ce #g4be #g4eg #h4gf #h4if #i4id #ab4bf #ab4dj #i4bg #aa4jb ,oct4 #g4af #g4db #g4ad #i4ca #h4hi #i4gh #ab4cc #ab4hc #h4ia #aa4cd ,nov4 #f4gc #g4jd #g4ad #i4dd #h4jf #i4ce #ac4jc #aj4gi #i4aj #aa4je ,dec4 #f4ei #f4hf #g4di #h4ih #g4ie #h4ca #ac4jc #aj4ce #h4ii #aj4ci #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #i4hiaj4ijaj4gcaj4djae4gebd4debc4ab ,feb4 #aj4db #aj4ef #aj4df #i4ie #ag4ji #bf4jb #bd4ae ,mar4 #aj4fc #aj4ej #i4if #aj4hf #ai4ch #be4ia #bg4je ,apr4 #aj4if #aj4af #i4ia #aa4ii #ba4ac #be4bc #cj4gh ,may #aa4jf #i4he #i4hf #ab4hc #ba4ib #bd4ff #ca4ea ,june #aa4jd #i4ia #i4dc #ab4ga #ba4ai #bd4fb #cd4fh ,july #aa4ea #i4id #h4df #ab4ie #bj4fh #bf4ag #cc4ii ,aug4 #aa4bd #i4dc #g4hg #ac4dj #bb4bg #bf4fe #cj4db ,sep4 #aa4ae #i4fe #h4aj #ad4df #bd4bc #bf4hi #bf4jc ,oct4 #aj4fd #aj4ji #h4ic #ae4gd #bc4ih #bf4jg #bh4af ,nov4 #aj4gb #aj4hc #h4ii #af4ih #bf4fd #bf4gh #be4dc ,dec4 #aj4fd #i4ii #i4ec #af4jj #bd4gj #be4jg #bc4jf ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,average ,,prices ,,of ,,elgin ,,and ,,chicago ,,butter ,,extras4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 4#bgc 4#bcj 4#bic 4#bgj 4#cjf 4#cje 4#caj 4#cdj 4#bgj 4#cgj ,feb4 4#beh 4#bea 4#cbe 4#bgh 4#cbh 4#cbf 4#cjj 4#cjj 4#bfj 4#cjj ,mar4 4#bha 4#bde 4#bgc 4#bgj 4#cjh 4#bie 4#bij 4#cbj 4#bej 4#cjj ,apr4 4#bei 4#bch 4#bia 4#bbj 4#cjj 4#bhf 4#bhj 4#caj 4#baj 4#caj ,may 4#bjh 4#aig 4#bbg 4#aih 4#bch 4#bch 4#bej 4#bhj 4#bbj 4#bhj ,june 4#baa 4#age 4#bjj 4#aii 4#bca 4#bcj 4#bfj 4#bgj 4#bbj 4#bej ,july 4#aif 4#aga 4#bjj 4#bjc 4#bde 4#bbj 4#bfj 4#bhj 4#bej 4#bej ,aug4 4#aij 4#agi 4#bji 4#bbe 4#bdi 4#bbd 4#bgj 4#bij 4#bfj 4#bej ,sep4 4#bjf 4#aid 4#bji 4#bdd 4#bha 4#bci 4#cjj 4#cjj 4#bfj 4#cjj ,oct4 4#bjh 4#baa 4#bah 4#beg 4#bhi 4#bge 4#cjj 4#bij 4#bij 4#bij ,nov4 4#bcj 4#bej 4#bce 4#bge 4#bfc 4#bid 4#caj 4#caj 4#ccj 4#ccj ,dec4 4#bde 4#bfi 4#bdh 4#caa 4#bhc 4#cjh 4#cej 4#cjj 4#cfj 4#cej 7,since ,february1 #aiah1 ,chicago price has been used47 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 4#ccj 4#cbj 4#caj 4#caj 4#chj 4#dij 4#edj ,feb4 4#cdj 4#bhj 4#cjj 4#cbj 4#daj 4#dij 4#ejj ,mar4 4#cej 4#bgj 4#bhj 4#cfj 4#daj 4#dcj 4#ehj ,apr4 4#cbj 4#bdj 4#cjj 4#cdj 4#dcj 4#dbj 4#fbj ,may 4#bhj 4#bfj 4#bgj 4#bij 4#cij 4#dbj 4#egj ,june 4#bhj 4#bgj 4#bgj 4#bij 4#chj 4#dbj 4#eaj ,july 4#bfj 4#bgj 4#bfj 4#bhj 4#chj 4#dcj 4#eaj ,aug4 4#bfj 4#bij 4#bej 4#cjj 4#djj 4#dej 4#ecj ,sep4 4#caj 4#bij 4#bej 4#ccj 4#dcj 4#eej 4#egj ,oct4 4#cjj 4#cjj 4#bhj 4#cej 4#dcj 4#efj 4#fdj ,nov4 4#cbj 4#ccj 4#caj 4#cij 4#ddj 4#fcj 4#fij ,dec4 4#cdj 4#ccj 4#ccj 4#cij 4#dhj 4#fgj 4#fhj ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,milk ,,prices ,,in ,,elgin-,,chicago ,,district4 7,prices per cwt4 of #c per cent milk47 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #a4de #a4ee #a4ej #a4de #a4ee #a4fe #a4ee #a4ge #b4jj #a4he ,feb4 #a4de #a4ej #a4dj #a4dj #a4de #a4fe #a4ee #a4gj #a4ij #a4hj ,mar4 #a4ce #a4dj #a4cj #a4cj #a4ce #a4ee #a4de #a4ee #a4gj #a4fe ,apr4 #a4bj #a4bj #a4bj #a4bj #a4cj #a4ce #a4dj #a4de #a4cj #a4cj ,may 4#ie 4#ij 4#ij 4#ij #a4jj #a4je #a4aj #a4bj #a4aj #a4je ,june 4#he 4#hj 4#hj 4#hj 4#ij 4#ie 4#ie #a4je #a4jj #a4jj ,july 4#ie 4#ij 4#ij 4#ij #a4jj #a4je #a4je #a4bj #a4cj #a4cj ,aug4 #a4aj #a4aj #a4aj #a4aj #a4bj #a4be #a4be #a4de #a4de #a4de ,sep4 #a4bj #a4bj #a4bj #a4bj #a4cj #a4ce #a4ce #a4fj #a4de #a4ej ,oct4 #a4ce #a4cj #a4ce #a4ce #a4ee #a4de #a4ee #a4gj #a4gj #a4fj ,nov4 #a4de #a4dj #a4de #a4de #a4fe #a4ee #a4gj #a4ij #a4he #a4ge ,dec4 #a4ee #a4ej #a4ee #a4ee #a4fe #a4ee #a4ge #b4jj #a4ij #a4hj #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #a4ge #b4jj #a4ie #a4fd #b4je #c4bb #c4gf ,feb4 #a4gj #a4he #a4he #a4ed #b4jj #c4jg #c4ej ,mar4 #a4fj #a4ge #a4ge #a4dc #a4he #b4ij #c4aj ,apr4 #a4fa #a4fj #a4de #a4fe #b4dj #b4fe #b4hj ,may #a4cf #a4dj #a4bj #a4de #b4jj #b4je #b4ej ,june #a4be #a4be #a4aj #a4be #a4fj #a4hj #b4ej ,july #a4df #a4ej #a4cj #a4ee #b4ab #b4cj #c4jj ,aug4 #a4fa #a4fj #a4ee #a4gj #b4cj #b4ge #c4ej ,sep4 #a4ee #a4fj #a4ee #a4gj #b4cj #b4ib #c4ee ,oct4 #a4fe #a4ij #a4ec #a4ij #c4db #c4cb #c4fc ,nov4 #a4ge #b4jj #a4fe #b4aj #c4bb #c4fh #c4fj ,dec4 #a4he #b4jj #a4fe #b4aj #c4bb #c4gg #c4fe ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,average ,,prices ,,of ,,draft ,,horses ,,at ,,omaha ,,and ,,chicago ,,markets4#ac #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,january #acc #ahh #age #ahc #bcj ,february #adj #adh #age #ahc #bdc ,march #aej #adh #age #aie #bej ,april #age #afc #ahh #bjh #bfh ,may #ahj #bjh #aha #bch #cjj ,june #ade #aic #afc #bje #bhj ,july #acc #afc #afe #age #bfc ,august #acc #adh #afe #agh #bcc ,september #acc #adh #agj #agh #bac ,october #adj #afc #bjj #aie #bjj ,november #abe #ahc #bjj #bjj #bbj ,december #adc #agh #bjj #bjj #bjj ,yearly #add #afi #ahj #aie #bda #ahj #aid #bjj #bje #baj aver4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,january ,february ,march ,april ,may ,june ,july ,august ,september ,october ,november ,december ,yearly #bac #bjh #bjc #baj #bae #baj #bae aver4 ,,monthly ,,prices ,,of ,,horses ,,on ,,the ,,farms ,,of ,,the ,,united ,,states4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 ,january #adc #acd #adj #acg #acj #abh #abi #acj #abj ,february #add #acg #adf #aci #acb #abi #aca #acc #aba ,march #ade #adj #adf #ach #acb #aca #acc #acg #abd ,april #adg #adb #adh #ach #acb #acc #acf #acg #abg ,may #adf #add #ade #aci #acc #acd #ach #acf #abi ,june #ade #adg #adf #acf #acb #acb #acg #ace #abg ,july #aci #adb #adc #acg #acd #acc #ace #acb #abg ,august #ada #adb #ada #ace #aca #aca #acb #aca #abe ,september #aci #ada #ada #acb #aca #aca #acb #abh #aai ,october #acg #adj #ach #aca #abi #acj #acj #abf #aad ,november #acf #adj #acf #acj #abg #abi #abi #abb #aac ,december #acd #aci #ace #acj #abf #abi #abi #aba #aac ,,monthly ,,hog ,,receipts ,,at ,,eleven ,,markets4 7,chicago1 ,kansas ,city1 ,omaha1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,st4 ,joseph1 ,sioux ,city1 ,st4 ,paul1 ,indianapolis1 ,cleveland1 ,buffalo and ,pittsburgh47 7#jjj omitted47 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #b1jcf #c1jhd ,feb4 #a1ibc #b1fca ,mar4 #b1afi #b1afe ,apr4 #a1hgf #a1ifi ,may #b1bff #b1acc ,june #b1daf #b1jhb ,july #a1hee #a1hdj ,aug4 #a1fjj #a1dfb ,sep4 #a1efj #a1cdc ,oct4 #b1jba #a1hge ,nov4 #b1fcb #b1ajg ,dec4 #b1dde #b1djd ,totals #bj1eejba1ibjbc1hdebc1jdibd1acfbg1hbfbb1 hbjai1ebcbd1heibe1jie #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #b1fcb #b1dgi #b1iae #c1hdg #c1ehg #c1jbe #d1ajj #c1fgj ,feb4 #b1jbg #b1jcj #b1fea #c1ajd #b1fef #c1agc #c1afj #b1cbd ,mar4 #a1gge #a1hig #b1dci #b1beb #b1ahi #c1aae #b1efj ,apr4 #a1hdc #a1fdd #a1haf #b1dab #a1ihb #b1gae #b1ejd ,may #b1aje #a1hei #a1ifa #b1cie #b1bfe #b1dcc #b1gci ,june #b1bbe #b1ahd #b1bcd #b1big #b1jfi #b1aei #b1hdj ,july #a1iei #a1gbb #a1hcg #a1hhd #a1iia #b1bgb #b1bea ,aug4 #a1gga #a1dia #a1fje #b1aeg #a1ccc #a1gah #a1dic ,sep4 #a1gec #a1dcf #a1cfc #a1fji #a1jce #a1eff #a1eee ,oct4 #b1jcb #a1idc #a1fbd #b1dfb #a1gba #b1ccc #a1iib ,nov4 #b1bdh #a1iie #b1fjj #c1ege #b1edg #c1bdj #b1eei ,dec4 #b1hae #b1hch #c1efg #c1gab #b1gaa #d1jhb #c1eea ,totals #be1ahebc1eahbf1fabca1gjfbf1jhfca1hcaca1 cad ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,monthly ,,hog ,,receipts ,,at ,,six ,,markets4 7,chicago1 ,omaha1 ,kansas ,city1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,st4 ,joseph1 ,sioux ,city47 7#jjj omitted47 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #a1eei #a1fic #a1ice #a1iac #a1hbh #b1ffc #b1jaa #a1djd #a1dib #b1cbb ,feb4 #a1djd #a1gji #a1ech #a1feg #a1fij #b1jdd #a1eid #a1cej #a1eeb #a1iib ,mar4 #a1abd #a1cah #a1dig #a1dib #a1cif #a1geb #a1ijj #a1abj #a1fff #a1fie ,apr4 #a1bae #a1cdi #a1bde #a1cje #a1dfa #a1bic #a1cga #ifj #a1eef #a1edb ,may #a1dea #a1dgb #a1ehh #a1fjh #a1ghc #a1gij #a1eec #a1bfj #a1heb #a1gei ,june #a1dhe #a1deg #a1gdd #a1gcj #a1fgg #a1fid #a1dhj #a1dbb #a1hgf #a1fjb ,july #a1cfd #hjh #a1bff #a1djh #a1eie #a1ced #a1aec #a1aag #a1dib #a1dje ,aug4 #a1afd #a1bcf #a1aeh #a1cif #a1bgh #a1bfi #a1jje #a1jih #a1agb #a1jhe ,sep4 #a1jdc #ibc #a1jdg #a1jdf #a1adi #a1aea #a1jjb #hcj #a1aff #icd ,oct4 #igd #a1aji #a1cah #a1aac #a1jhh #a1eia #a1ach #hib #a1dci #a1bie ,nov4 #a1bij #a1fdd #a1fag #a1beb #a1jcg #a1hge #a1chi #a1bab #a1hbh #a1deb ,dec4 #a1gcj #a1ggb #a1gii #a1deh #a1faj #a1iha #a1ddj #a1cca #a1ggi #a1ffd ,totals #ae1hjcaf1dijag1gebag1cghag1eicbj1degag1 jcfac1iifah1hgaah1gdc #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #a1iei #a1gci #b1jjc #b1hci #b1geg #b1add #c1ajj ,feb4 #a1ege #a1ehd #b1jbh #b1daf #b1bai #b1cbb #b1deh ,mar4 #a1cii #a1dje #a1hfc #a1hfc #a1gbc #b1dfi #b1jje ,apr4 #a1che #a1bjb #a1cje #a1dce #a1eaj #b1jif #a1iai ,may #a1ehe #a1cbj #a1ejf #a1eid #a1ffg #a1hai #b1jdi ,june #a1fhh #a1dhc #a1eea #a1fca #a1dge #a1eid #b1abd ,july #a1ddd #a1agj #a1ccb #a1cgh #a1dgj #a1ged #a1gje ,aug4 #a1chg #a1jbj #a1acg #a1dib #iia #a1cec #a1jed ,sep4 #a1cji #ihd #ief #a1aaf #gja #a1agb #a1jib ,oct4 #a1chi #a1cab #iib #a1ffh #a1abd #a1fgh #a1ccc ,nov4 #a1ege #a1did #a1fea #b1dfi #a1fda #b1bjh #a1gdj ,dec4 #a1igb #a1igj #b1efa #b1ffe #a1hjb #b1gdc #b1eja ,totals #ah1ffhaf1faiah1hgfbb1effai1jhjbc1cebbc1 jhj ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,hog ,,receipts ,,at ,,chicago4 7#jjj omitted47 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #hah #hgj #icj #hih #hjf #a1aaj #hah #efi #fdj #hha ,feb4 #fhh #hdf #gbg #gcd #fha #hfi #fij #egd #fea #gia ,mar4 #ebb #fab #fgg #fba #egi #gbc #gcg #cid #gjb #fed ,apr4 #ebg #eeh #efj #ejc #ehc #dic #dhb #cbe #eai #efg ,may #ega #ehj #fec #efa #fdg #fjd #egj #dfb #fce #fcj ,june #fgg #egg #fbe #fbd #ehg #fbi #eah #dig #efj #edc ,july #ede #cej #ejd #ehe #faa #eca #ddi #cij #ejh #ebc ,aug4 #ech #ejb #dhi #ega #eaa #dfi #cig #dda #dhe #dca ,sep4 #dfe #cef #dgf #ded #dhj #cha #cec #cee #ddb #djd ,oct4 #dea #dgg #egi #eaa #ddb #fcd #cii #dbd #ehg #ebb ,nov4 #fcg #gje #gjd #eef #dgb #haf #efd #edi #fie #egc ,dec4 #hhe #hje #hjj #fef #hjb #hgc #fdc #fjg #fgi #ffa ,totals #g1cbd #g1bch #g1gbd #g1bgd #g1bja #h1acb #f1fbj #e1ehg #g1ajc #g1ahj #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #hjf #gbi #hif #a1bbh #a1abd #gbi #a1abc #a1jbd ,feb4 #fdf #fdi #gdj #idg #gib #iag #iac #faf ,mar4 #ehf #edc #fdf #gcc #fbh #ige #fge ,apr4 #ecd #ddd #dfg #edb #edc #ghg #fdj ,may #edi #dfe #efg #fab #ehd #fei #gjd ,june #faa #ehf #efd #eff #ejf #eac #gha ,july #eag #dfj #eaa #ebg #dgd #fbh #fjc ,aug4 #efe #dad #dde #ehg #ccg #dcd #chd ,sep4 #ehh #cgj #dab #dgd #bea #cih #dcb ,oct4 #fda #eba #dah #gha #dcf #fha #efh ,nov4 #fda #dcd #hab #a1jfb #fih #hid #hjg ,dec4 #hhi #a1jjb #a1age #a1abh #gif #a1jjj #a1jdc ,totals #g1egc #f1fag #g1fec #i1ahg #g1afi #h1fae #h1fgc ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,hog ,,receipts ,,at ,,omaha4 7#jjj omitted7 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #aig #ahe #bjf #bbi #bjc #cjf #bdb #agg #aga #ccj ,feb4 #bjd #bbb #ahd #bbf #bah #bfa #aib #bjb #bjd #cei ,mar4 #afd #aih #baf #bbc #aih #bda #bhd #aid #beb #bhf ,apr4 #ahc #bcd #aff #bje #aic #agj #bac #aec #bch #bhe ,may #bdj #bec #bbf #bee #bej #bfb #bbb #agb #bef #cjc ,june #bgg #bfd #cja #cje #bde #bfb #bcj #bad #bgi #bgi ,july #baj #ajf #bbb #bjg #bei #aei #agj #aff #bac #bbc ,aug4 #aei #ahj #agb #bai #ahb #aeh #ace #agb #afa #afh ,sep4 #acj #ace #abc #acj #aec #aaj #aah #ajb #aai #aaa ,oct4 #ajj #abe #abj #aaa #aae #abb #hi #ic #ajh #acg ,nov4 #aej #ahe #acg #aag #gh #afe #ajb #aaj #aeb #ahc ,dec4 #bah #bad #baj #afg #aei #bjh #ach #acg #bad #bbj ,totals #b1bcb #b1cja #b1bhc #b1cid #b1bec #b1dbd #b1ace #a1hib #b1cfg #b1hhd #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #bha #bef #beh #cif #dda #cca #ddi ,feb4 #bed #bdd #cah #djb #cgg #cfd #cia ,mar4 #bbg #bdc #cbj #cah #bie #cic #djj ,apr4 #bab #aid #bcd #bca #bbi #cgi #caj ,may #bdh #baa #bde #bch #bdd #bhe #bif ,june #bdf #bjh #beh #bfa #bdd #bhe #cjc ,july #bbg #bjb #bah #bag #bfa #bhh #bha ,aug4 #ahe #ach #ahi #aii #aff #bbe #adg ,sep4 #acb #ii #aai #abj #id #adg #ajb ,oct4 #abg #ajc #gg #abc #ih #acb #aaf ,nov4 #aij #aee #ajc #bgg #adh #bci #ace ,dec4 #bbj #bjf #cjd #cce #bjj #cfj #bed ,totals #b1edi #b1bei #b1fdc #c1aag #b1gig #c1dbh #c1ahd ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,hog ,,receipts ,,at ,,st4 ,,louis4 7#jjj omitted7 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #baj #bbg #caa #bhb #baa #bcf #cdc ,feb4 #agb #agi #aig #bah #afe #bbj #bba ,mar4 #aff #agj #ahc #bdb #afc #bfg #bag ,apr4 #adh #agi #agd #aii #aca #bbf #aia ,may #ahi #aif #bcc #aii #bjd #bge #bae ,june #aeh #afg #bai #aib #bjg #caj #ahi ,july #ade #afi #ahj #afj #agd #bdf #agg ,aug4 #ade #aeg #afi #acd #aea #aia #ade ,sep4 #aab #ada #agd #afh #abj #bbf #adb ,oct4 #acd #agg #bbj #aii #acd #bhe #bag ,nov4 #aeh #acf #bbi #bda #ahb #ced #baj ,dec4 #ahf #afg #bei #bcj #bab #bhb #bea ,totals #a1efh #a1iee #b1jbf #a1ibc #b1jfe #b1edh #b1dfd #b1jed #c1aah #b1eah #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #bhc #bia #bfa #cfa #cfj #bib #cie ,feb4 #bai #bfe #bhe #cae #bic #cch #cdj ,mar4 #ahe #bbd #cja #bde #bei #cbj #ccb ,apr4 #ahj #aig #bje #ahi #bcb #bge #cdj ,may #bcb #bji #baj #bdb #bfd #bea #cdj ,june #bbf #aif #ahi #bjf #bjc #bbc #cje ,july #ahi #aea #aeg #aga #agg #bbg #bcb ,aug4 #age #afc #add #bae #abe #aic #aff ,sep4 #ahh #bji #adb #agj #ih #agf #bji ,oct4 #ahb #bcg #agc #bcb #aif #bfd #bce ,nov4 #bad #ahg #bcb #ceh #bde #cje #cab ,dec4 #bij #bcj #bic #cec #bec #cib #dcb ,totals #b1efc #b1eei #b1eib #c1jeg #b1gje #c1bef #c1fch ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,hog ,,receipts ,,at ,,kansas ,,city4 7#jjj omitted7 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #bga #bfc #ejb #ceg #bbb #bbc #cec ,feb4 #bbd #bed #cbe #beg #ahg #bbe #bda ,mar4 #aif #bah #bij #cci #ahd #bie #bjj ,apr4 #bai #bee #bdh #bfg #age #caf #bjh ,may #cja #cfb #cec #cjb #bag #cef #bcc ,june #bhe #cac #bjj #bdg #bbj #cch #bji ,july #bjg #bei #bjb #aej #afb #bcc #afi ,aug4 #bad #agj #aif #aed #abi #aci #ajb ,sep4 #ada #aea #bgb #bjg #aaj #ahc #ajg ,oct4 #aia #aif #cfi #bfh #aag #bej #bag ,nov4 #bae #bjh #cgj #bgg #agh #ccb #bda ,dec4 #bab #bge #cfc #bej #agg #bha #bdc ,totals #a1ifi #b1bbg #b1ejh #b1fgf #b1ibd #c1fij #c1jge #b1jgh #c1aga #b1ebc #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #bgj #bjc #bed #cbh #bgd #cje #ddj ,feb4 #aif #agj #big #bhf #bce #bfi #cad ,mar4 #afc #agb #bdd #bai #ahf #bge #bbd ,apr4 #bah #aff #agd #aib #bja #bef #bha ,may #bbi #ahj #bab #bgd #bbh #bfi #cjd ,june #bde #agg #baa #bej #agb #bbe #bia ,july #aif #aad #aea #age #aga #bac #aih ,aug4 #agj #aag #adc #bbj #abi #aie #aca ,sep4 #agb #adi #acj #aij #ajb #baa #afi ,oct4 #bjc #bcb #ahj #bga #agb #bih #baf ,nov4 #bdc #chb #bdj #bii #aie #cef #bca ,dec4 #bfa #bjb #bid #bgd #bab #dee #caj ,totals #b1eff #b1bfd #b1ebi #b1igh #b1bgg #c1cbe #c1aji ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,hog ,,receipts ,,at ,,sioux ,,city4 7#jjj omitted7 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #agg ,feb4 #ahe ,mar4 #adc ,apr4 #ach ,may #aii ,june #bjg ,july #aef ,aug4 #aaj ,sep4 #fi ,oct4 #gf ,nov4 #ig ,dec4 #abc ,totals #a1jjh #a1aac #a1bii #a1aeh #a1bhi #a1cgg #a1jgg #a1jdd #a1cdi #a1fhj #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #acf #hh #age #bga #cae #beb #cad ,feb4 #aad #aje #bjd #bee #beg #bcb #bfa ,mar4 #aab #ajh #bjj #aia #aif #cjj #bbd ,apr4 #ajg #ic #aaf #afa #aed #bbh #aie ,may #agh #abg #adb #aej #afi #bjj #bce ,june #ahj #adi #ahe #afb #ahg #bji #bdf ,july #agb #acc #agf #aej #bag #bcb #bcg ,aug4 #aej #ajd #aad #abd #ajc #aea #abg ,sep4 #aad #fd #fe #ge #ff #aaj #ij ,oct4 #ig #fd #ea #ajj #aje #aae #ib ,nov4 #hg #aaf #ajc #bab #bjc #aeg #ajf ,dec4 #hf #aac #bbi #bgi #agf #bcf #aie ,totals #a1ecc #a1bf #a1gfj #b1acj #b1adh #b1dbb #b1cbb ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,hog ,,receipts ,,at ,,st4 ,,joseph4 7#jjj omitted7 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #ahf #bjb #bgj #ahg #adf #abe #bch ,feb4 #aff #ahg #bcc #adi #aah #afa #aif ,mar4 #afj #adc #aid #agj #aji #age #bja ,apr4 #aej #afb #adj #aba #aja #ade #afc ,may #ahd #bja #bad #adg #abb #agf #agg ,june #bai #bac #bdg #aei #adg #bab #agf ,july #aei #agi #ahf #abd #abd #agj #aef ,aug4 #adg #adh #bja #abj #aaj #aab #abg ,sep4 #aji #abi #aee #ii #hj #ajh #ajc ,oct4 #aaf #aab #aeg #abj #fg #acd #abf ,nov4 #aci #hg #afh #ach #aab #aid #adg ,dec4 #agd #aei #agd #aef #aaa #bjc #afc ,totals #a1gja #a1fef #a1ijj #a1iji #a1ibb #b1cci #a1fij #a1cfj #a1iae #a1igc #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #ahd #agj #afj #bee #bdb #bcf #cfh ,feb4 #adg #aej #ahe #baj #bjj #bcd #bbj ,mar4 #aaf #abb #aea #aeg #afj #bjd #aea ,apr4 #abd #ajh #aji #abj #aej #agj #aec ,may #adi #abh #acj #agg #agg #aef #agj ,june #agi #aff #adc #ahe #afc #adj #aih ,july #adc #aaj #aaj #acg #agb #afg #aec ,aug4 #adc #he #ajb #adh #acj #aee #ig ,sep4 #aac #id #hh #ib #ij #acj #hi ,oct4 #adj #aef #ia #afb #aah #ahg #aaa ,nov4 #aii #bai #afj #bfa #aeb #beg #adi ,dec4 #bcb #bag #bfh #bid #afe #cae #bfg ,totals #a1hfi #a1gbe #a1fih #b1aih #a1ibj #b1cea #b1abf ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,monthly ,,cattle ,,receipts ,,at ,,six ,,markets4 7,chicago1 ,omaha1 ,kansas ,city1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,st4 ,joseph1 ,sioux ,city47 7#jjj omitted47 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #fga #gjf #fic #gga #hcf #gce #ffd #fhh #gde #gjb ,feb4 #ehf #fbd #edh #fbi #fbh #eif #ece #eed #edh #eaf ,mar4 #fbg #ffd #fdc #eib #fab #fai #fcb #fac #eeh #ejh ,apr4 #fff #fjd #fbc #egg #gbc #did #dij #die #dgi #die ,may #fbj #ehg #gjg #fga #fbe #eje #eeh #ecc #fjb #dga ,june #ffi #fib #fff #eii #ffi #fjd #eeb #fae #fbc #ddh ,july #gbg #djb #fgb #fgh #gde #ehh #fjg #fdi #fhj #ejh ,aug4 #hbd #gdd #hhc #gcb #gif #gga #hbj #ibc #ggd #fhd ,sep4 #a1jfe #ibg #a1jjj #heh #a1jcg #ifg #a1jaj #a1jbi #ghd #ijb ,oct4 #a1jhe #a1jhh #a1aif #a1jhj #a1jeg #ida #a1jbb #a1jgf #a1jgc #a1jdj ,nov4 #hda #ibg #iai #hfh #fdf #hjg #iee #hed #ghj #fid ,dec4 #fgf #ffc #gfd #gej #fej #gja #ghb #feb #eig #gej ,totals #i1jeg #h1fbh #i1cad #h1hjc #i1jbd #h1cbh #h1fbg #h1fha #h1bdb #g1gag ,for #aijc1 #aijd and #aije1 the figures as given are about #h per cent too high1 on account of the system of counting calves as cattle at certain markets2 #ib per cent of the #aijc1 #aijd and #aije figures will make them more comparable with the later years4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #fdj #eeg #egb #fee #hdg #hdb #a1jhf ,feb4 #ead #dgd #dae #efi #eib #ghi #gbi ,mar4 #ejc #did #edi #eha #eed #hdb #fed ,apr4 #eab #dcf #dfh #dda #fja #ibd #fie ,may #dfa #cii #dfd #eeg #gca #fid #ffi ,june #eci #dfg #dgi #edh #gcj #gai #fdi ,july #egd #dee #dge #ede #gic #ihh #hee ,aug4 #gaj #egd #fdc #hdd #hcj #iec #icg ,sep4 #iej #hba #ghb #iae #a1jhe #a1dai #a1bbd ,oct4 #hea #hcd #hia #a1bbf #a1cif #a1djb #a1bgf ,nov4 #fbb #eic #hei #ifd #a1bah #a1bed #a1bbd ,dec4 #fae #fbb #feh #gec #ibb #a1abd #a1jcf ,totals #g1dhi #f1gbc #g1bed #h1eihaj1biiaa1iejaa1jcd ,,monthly ,,cattle ,,receipts ,,at ,,chicago4 7#jjj omitted7 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #bge #bic #cbj #cjh #cag #cac #bgc #bgb #bid #bhd ,feb4 #bci #bff #beg #bdc #bej #beh #bji #bbh #bac #baa ,mar4 #bfd #bfa #bfg #bbg #bcj #bec #bch #bbe #baa #bad ,apr4 #bhj #bdf #bcg #bdb #bhb #bjf #ahj #aib #ahd #bjh ,may #bca #bcg #bed #bfd #bej #aha #bja #aid #bdf #aih ,june #cjc #bfh #bcf #bce #bce #bbg #ahj #bbg #bag #afg ,july #bhb #aee #bch #bfc #bfc #bjc #aib #bcd #bdj #ahc ,aug4 #bic #bgc #bic #bfg #bce #bdh #bcd #bid #bdf #bjf ,sep4 #cda #bgg #cae #big #cai #bfg #bgh #bhc #bbf #bbb ,oct4 #cci #cfb #cef #ceg #cfi #bhh #bic #cca #cbj #bgb ,nov4 #cjb #cci #cbj #cbh #bgb #cjh #cce #cai #bic #bcb ,dec4 #bhc #bhb #cai #big #bhc #bhi #cae #bed #bdb #bef ,totals #c1dcb #c1bei #c1dab #c1cbh #c1cje #c1jda #b1ibh #c1jec #b1icb #b1fec #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #bdj #bae #aij #bbg #cji #bfa #cfd ,feb4 #agf #aid #aca #aid #bjf #bhj #beg ,mar4 #aij #aij #agf #ahf #aga #cjd #bac ,apr4 #bab #ahd #afb #aef #bjd #cjc #bbf ,may #agh #afa #agj #aii #bcg #bbh #bcb ,june #bjj #agg #agi #agg #bah #bde #bdd ,july #ahd #afb #afe #ahj #bjf #cad #bhf ,aug4 #ahd #ahf #bjj #bca #bcc #bfe #bch ,sep4 #bch #bac #bje #bed #cah #chi #bic ,oct4 #bdb #bbb #bjb #ccb #dae #dad #cif ,nov4 #bag #aai #bdc #cah #cgf #djb #chf ,dec4 #beb #bad #bci #bgf #cbb #che #cfi ,totals #b1eac #b1bcg #b1bfb #b1gcj #c1bae #c1gij #c1ejd ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,monthly ,,sheep ,,receipts ,,at ,,six ,,markets4 7,chicago1 ,omaha1 ,kansas ,city1 ,st4 ,louis1 ,st4 ,joseph1 ,sioux ,city47 7#jjj omitted47 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #fjc #fgg #gjc #hbj #hce #ffa #fbh #fib #hic #a1ajh ,feb4 #egc #ggb #fhc #gcb #gdh #fed #fda #ehd #geh #icj ,mar4 #fbh #gib #gfj #hhh #gff #faj #gib #fjg #heh #ief ,apr4 #fbh #fcb #ggi #gge #ghh #fda #fed #ejg #gfg #hce ,may #edc #egd #gij #gai #egj #egc #ejd #fjg #hbe #gaj ,june #dig #eig #efc #efg #edb #ffj #fca #ffa #hdj #gac ,july #egd #ccd #fei #ffj #faa #fdc #ffa #hcd #hde #hgh ,aug4 #ggh #gfe #gid #hca #gdg #heb #ibf #a1bfg #a1afe #a1abh ,sep4 #a1jig #a1abe #a1bcc #a1jhc #a1adf #a1cgf #a1bhe #a1gba #a1fhd #a1fdj ,oct4 #a1bjd #a1aej #a1cjf #a1cce #a1beh #a1jdd #a1cgf #a1iaj #b1aci #b1jea ,nov4 #ifa #hab #hcj #ibf #feh #hfa #hgf #a1cag #a1aif #a1aij ,dec4 #fha #edc #fji #gja #fjj #gig #gdc #gef #hff #ifg ,totals #h1gfg #h1ggc #i1gjiaj1jcf #i1bfi #i1cgb #i1gagaa1dfcab1hcdac1ajf #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #ifa #a1jfj #iad #hfa #hic #hba #hii ,feb4 #heh #ife #gid #hah #hjj #fij #fdg ,mar4 #ghg #a1jcb #hdi #gbc #gij #gdg #fge ,apr4 #hei #ifd #fce #fdc #fgc #fjj #gcg ,may #hab #ghb #ecd #fhb #dge #ehf #gjc ,june #ggf #gfe #efi #gag #eab #fjd #hjf ,july #hhf #ggb #fhb #fid #efa #ghh #a1aia ,aug4 #a1jcj #a1jgj #a1jaj #a1jhg #gjg #a1jhh #a1fga ,sep4 #b1jah #a1gaf #a1ebf #a1dca #a1bje #a1ide #b1bcb ,oct4 #a1iif #a1fcj #a1abg #a1edd #a1cbd #a1gde #a1eia ,nov4 #a1aie #hbc #igd #idg #gib #a1jei #a1aii ,dec4 #a1jge #hhg #hdb #hfh #hea #hed ,totals #ac1bebab1dffaj1defaa1jae #i1ehcaa1ebg ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,monthly ,,sheep ,,receipts ,,at ,,chicago4 7#jjj omitted7 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #cfa #cef #cdd #cgj #dah #cjd #bhg #cbh #dah #efe ,feb4 #cja #dcb #cjd #ccg #cad #bhb #bej #bbb #cda #dbg ,mar4 #cjd #cge #cdf #cge #bgc #bfc #cjh #bbe #cai #cij ,apr4 #bge #cja #cdb #cfg #cci #bhe #bgf #bba #bih #cdi ,may #bcb #bhi #cfa #cfc #bfj #bge #bbc #bei #cge #cbb ,june #cbd #ccb #bhe #cbd #bfa #cec #cja #cbi #djc #bfa ,july #cah #bag #cce #cce #cca #cci #cfc #ddd #ddf #def ,aug4 #dbg #dba #cfe #dji #cfj #djc #dbj #egj #die #ecb ,sep4 #eee #dfg #fjf #dfg #ddd #edj #ecd #fhf #fec #feh ,oct4 #ehf #ege #fia #fcc #ege #dab #eig #hif #hhf #hjc ,nov4 #eai #dbb #daf #dci #cbc #dfj #dgd #fdh #faa #fej ,dec4 #cha #cah #cde #chg #cai #dce #dji #djb #dib #edd ,totals #d1ehc #d1eje #d1gcg #d1hjf #d1bag #d1cea #d1ddb #e1bcj #e1gcg #f1jeg #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #dej #dhe #che #ccd #cjf #bhi #ddb ,feb4 #cec #deh #bcc #cjf #bhb #beb #bge ,mar4 #ccb #dfj #bei #bgi #cjf #beh #bdc ,apr4 #cei #djj #bcb #bgj #cjg #bde #bgf ,may #cee #cdc #bac #bhb #aih #bcg #bga ,june #cfi #cda #bbf #caj #bac #beb #cdb ,july #dbh #cge #bgg #bih #bcj #cdj #deh ,aug4 #dfe #ddc #cja #daj #bdb #dag #dhc ,sep4 #hag #fej #cdg #ddj #cgb #ffh #fii ,oct4 #hjd #fha #cag #egg #dfi #fga #gaf ,nov4 #fbb #bga #cgb #dch #ccc #egd #eei ,dec4 #eej #dfi #cdf #cdg #ccf #dbf #dha ,totals #e1ijd #e1cgf #c1ejh #d1bia #c1eid #d1fbi #e1bde ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,corn ,,receipts ,,at ,,chicago4 7,in bushels--#jjj omitted47 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #i1cjj #g1ejjaj1bjj #h1gjjaa1ejjab1djj #h1hjj #h1hjjab1gjjab1ijj ,feb4 #f1hjj #g1cjj #f1hjj #g1ijjac1bjj #g1bjj #g1hjjab1jjjaj1ajjae1bjj ,mar4 #f1ejj #e1djjad1hjj #f1jjjaa1cjj #g1ijj #i1gjj #i1gjj #i1ijjaj1ajj ,apr4 #b1ejj #d1ejj #h1cjj #d1bjj #h1jjj #f1ejj #c1jjj #d1jjj #d1gjj #c1jjj ,may #e1hjj #d1gjj #d1gjj #g1jjj #f1djj #f1bjj #f1jjj #c1jjj #i1ajj #e1ijj ,june #ab1cjjac1bjjaa1ijjad1hjjai1djj #i1hjj #h1fjj #h1fjjae1djjab1ijj ,july #f1gjj #f1fjjaj1cjj #h1gjj #h1fjj #e1ajj #f1ejj #f1jjj #e1ajj #e1ijj ,aug4 #e1ejj #g1cjj #h1ejj #d1gjj #e1fjj #f1fjj #f1gjj #h1jjj #f1gjj #f1djj ,sep4 #ac1fjjad1hjjaa1ejjac1jjjad1fjj #h1cjjaj1gjjac1jjjaa1bjjab1djj ,oct4 #aj1bjj #c1ejj #e1jjj #e1ajjac1cjj #c1fjj #g1ajj #h1djj #f1ijj #g1fjj ,nov4 #f1fjj #g1djj #h1jjj #f1djj #d1ajj #e1cjj #e1ijj #h1bjj #g1hjj #g1jjj ,dec4 #e1hjjaf1hjjaj1fjj #h1djj #i1ajjab1ejjaj1cjjac1ijj #h1ijjac1cjj #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #ba1ijj #h1hjjbj1ijjab1jjjaa1ajj #e1hjj #h1jjj ,feb4 #ba1ejj #h1djj #i1djjae1gjj #g1bjjaj1fjj #c1gjj ,mar4 #aa1jjj #g1fjj #d1ijj #h1bjj #h1jjjad1jjj #c1hjj ,apr4 #c1fjj #b1ajj #c1ijj #d1gjj #d1ijj #h1ejj #f1ajj ,may #e1ajj #b1ejj #d1cjj #g1bjj #e1ajj #e1ijj #c1cjj ,june #af1cjj #i1gjj #d1ijj #c1ijj #h1djj #g1gjj #h1ajj ,july #f1djj #e1ajj #f1ejjaj1fjj #e1cjjaj1jjj #d1ijj ,aug4 #d1cjj #i1bjj #f1bjj #f1djj #d1ajj #e1cjj #c1cjj ,sep4 #ae1bjj #h1ajj #i1bjj #i1djj #b1ijj #i1ejj #g1ejj ,oct4 #e1hjj #e1ijj #h1ajj #e1djj #c1ijjaa1fjj #d1hjj ,nov4 #b1hjjab1ejj #g1fjj #h1fjj #d1ijj #f1ajj #d1ijj ,dec4 #ac1hjjbe1gjj #i1gjjaj1cjj #f1bjj #e1ejj #g1ejj ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,oats ,,receipts ,,at ,,chicago4 7,in bushels--#jjj omitted47 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #i1ajj #e1cjj #c1fjj #h1ajj #f1gjj #g1fjj #f1cjj #e1djj #h1ijj #e1bjj ,feb4 #f1ijj #f1hjj #c1ijj #e1hjj #e1ejj #f1bjj #e1fjj #f1gjj #e1ijj #g1ajj ,mar4 #h1ajj #h1ijj #i1ajj #f1bjj #h1cjjaa1cjj #h1ajj #h1cjj #e1fjj #g1djj ,apr4 #f1jjj #d1ajj #c1ijj #f1djj #i1ajj #g1gjj #e1ejj #e1hjj #e1fjj #f1ajj ,may #e1cjj #c1gjj #d1bjj #f1cjj #h1djj #h1cjj #g1cjj #f1djj #h1ijj #g1djj ,june #g1ijj #d1ejj #f1cjj #g1jjj #e1hjj #e1fjj #g1ejj #f1ejj #i1hjj #f1jjj ,july #h1fjj #c1ijj #f1cjj #e1ejj #d1bjj #e1bjj #d1jjj #f1djj #f1ijj #e1hjj ,aug4 #h1bjjaa1gjjab1ijjaj1ajj #h1gjj #h1djjac1ajjbd1djjac1cjjad1fjj ,sep4 #e1hjj #g1ejjaj1hjj #h1hjjaa1ejjaj1djj #h1gjj #g1bjj #h1cjjag1gjj ,oct4 #h1hjj #f1jjjad1jjjab1jjjaa1fjj #h1ijj #h1ejj #g1gjj #i1bjjag1ijj ,nov4 #f1ijj #d1djj #i1cjj #g1cjj #e1gjj #e1ijj #g1fjj #f1ijj #e1djjac1ejj ,dec4 #f1cjj #c1ejj #h1bjj #f1cjj #h1ejj #f1ijj #e1gjjaj1cjj #f1cjj #i1hjj #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #aa1cjj #h1ajjaa1gjjab1ijj #g1hjj #e1gjj #f1fjj ,feb4 #i1ajj #f1fjjaa1djjaa1gjj #g1jjj #h1hjj #d1cjj ,mar4 #h1cjj #h1cjjaa1fjj #h1fjjaj1gjj #i1gjj #c1gjj ,apr4 #g1fjj #e1ijj #f1ajj #i1ejj #i1gjjac1fjj #e1ejj ,may #aj1hjj #f1djj #e1ejjag1jjj #h1fjj #i1jjj #e1hjj ,june #af1fjj #i1bjj #f1ajj #i1bjj #h1ejj #h1bjjaj1ajj ,july #aj1jjjaj1fjj #g1ejj #h1djj #g1ijjac1ejjaa1jjj ,aug4 #ac1ijjbc1gjjaf1gjjca1gjjad1ijjbb1hjjab1 cjj ,sep4 #ab1ijjaf1gjjah1bjjad1cjjad1hjjaa1djj #h1ijj ,oct4 #i1jjjag1ijjab1djjah1bjjac1gjjaj1ijj #i1djj ,nov4 #f1ijjaa1hjjaf1cjjab1djjac1fjjaa1jjj #e1ejj ,dec4 #h1ajjac1bjjaj1bjj #h1ejj #h1gjjab1ejj #e1fjj ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,average ,,weight ,,of ,,hogs ,,at ,,chicago4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #bjh #bjf #bac #bag #bbc #bae #bjc #baj #bbf #bab ,feb4 #bji #bje #bji #bae #bbb #bab #bjd #bac #bcj #bag ,mar4 #bae #bjf #baa #bah #bbh #bab #bjf #bah #bci #bah ,apr4 #bbb #bjh #baf #bba #bcd #bai #bab #bbg #bda #bbg ,may #bbg #bad #bai #bbf #bce #bah #baf #bci #bdb #bcb ,june #bca #bba #bbb #bbf #bcf #bag #bai #bdb #bcf #bce ,july #bce #bbf #bbh #bca #bdj #bbb #bbe #bdf #bcc #bci ,aug4 #bdh #bci #bcf #bda #bej #bbd #bcb #bee #bci #bdj ,sep4 #beg #bdd #bda #bdh #bec #bai #bcb #bei #bbd #bce ,oct4 #bda #bcj #bcd #bcg #bce #bjg #bbg #bec #bab #bbf ,nov4 #bbh #bcb #bcj #bbi #bji #bac #bbe #bcb #bjh #bbb ,dec4 #bai #bbh #bba #bbe #bad #baa #bad #bbd #bac #bbc ,y'rly av4 #bbg #bbj #bbb #bbf #bca #baf #bah #bce #bcb #bbf #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #bbf #baf #bbc #aie #aii #baf #bbh #bbi ,feb4 #bcj #bbd #bbd #bjd #bjd #bca #bcb #bca ,mar4 #bdj #bcc #bca #bad #bji #bch #bcj ,apr4 #bdb #bcc #bcc #bai #bac #bdb #bcj ,may #bdb #bcf #bcc #bbj #bag #bch #bcb ,june #bdd #bcg #bca #bbf #bbe #bce #bcc ,july #bdc #bdd #bch #bca #bcb #bdc #bdb ,aug4 #bcc #bdh #bdf #bcb #bcc #bdc #bea ,sep4 #bbb #bdb #bce #bbc #bca #bdg #bed ,oct4 #bji #bbi #bjd #baj #bab #bcc #bcg ,nov4 #bjg #bah #ahg #aie #bji #bbf #bbf ,dec4 #bac #bbf #aij #aic #baa #bbc #bbd ,y'rly av4 #bbh #bca #bai #baj #bac #bcd #bcc ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,average ,,weight ,,of ,,hogs ,,at ,,omaha4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #bce #bca #bef #bcd #bdd #bcc #bca #bbi #bdb #bdg ,feb4 #bdb #bej #bcf #bbf #bcg #bbh #bbc #bbf #bdc #bbb ,mar4 #bcf #bce #bci #bbh #bdd #bcj #bbg #bca #bed #bba ,apr4 #bdg #bcf #bcf #bcj #beb #bcc #bcc #bcb #bdd #bca ,may #bdh #bcb #bcg #bcb #bej #bbh #bcb #bde #bed #bcc ,june #bec #bcc #bda #bcb #bej #bbf #bbi #bdi #bde #bcd ,july #bed #bcb #bcc #bcc #bed #bbg #bcf #bej #bdb #bcb ,aug4 #bfe #bdd #bch #bdf #bfj #bbi #bci #bei #bec #bch ,sep4 #bgc #beb #bde #bec #bfc #bbf #bdj #bgb #bfe #bda ,oct4 #bgh #bea #bea #bed #bfj #bbb #bdb #bhd #bfb #bce ,nov4 #bfh #bfg #beb #bdh #bdd #bch #bdh #bgd #bdf #bce ,dec4 #bfe #bfe #bdh #bdf #bdi #bcg #bcd #bfb #bbe #bch #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #bcd #bbd #bda #baf #bah #bdj #bbi ,feb4 #bbi #bcb #bch #baf #bbc #bdc #bce ,mar4 #bch #bch #bdd #bbd #bbf #bdi #bcf ,apr4 #bda #bdb #beb #bbh #bbi #bdb #bce ,may #bdd #bdg #bef #bcb #bcc #bdf #bch ,june #bde #bej #bdh #bcf #bci #bdh #bdd ,july #bdg #bee #bdi #bdc #bde #bfa #bde ,aug4 #bdd #bfa #bfd #bdg #bde #bfj #bee ,sep4 #bdi #bfh #bgd #bdi #bef #bfd #bge ,oct4 #bcc #bfe #bfe #bdf #beg #bfd #bha ,nov4 #bai #bec #beb #bbd #bfj #bdj #bga ,dec4 #bah #bdb #bcj #baa #bdc #bbg #bdi ,,average ,,weight ,,of ,,hogs ,,at ,,st4 ,,louis4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 ,jan4 #agh #ahh #aeh #ahb #afi #agj #agb #age #aij #ahi ,feb4 #afe #aie #afb #ahj #agg #agd #agc #agi #aij #ahd ,mar4 #aga #bjb #afg #agj #agd #agf #aga #age #ahi #agc ,apr4 #agf #aig #afe #agi #ahj #age #aga #aga #ahf #agf ,may #aih #agj #aia #aha #agd #age #agh #age #aha #ahb ,june #bjf #ahj #aif #ahc #agg #ahj #ahj #agc #ahj #ahb ,july #ahd #aij #agd #ahe #agd #ahj #aha #agg #ahb #aha ,aug4 #aic #ahe #aha #ahc #agd #ahf #agf #age #agd #ahc ,sep4 #bae #ahf #aif #ahb #agc #ahc #afh #ahb #agd #aha ,oct4 #bje #agc #ahb #ahb #afi #afe #afb #aha #agh #agf ,nov4 #bje #afi #agh #agh #age #afi #afd #aha #ahb #ahc ,dec4 #aia #aei #agf #afi #aff #agd #agb #ahe #ahh #aha ,y'rly av4 #aib #ahc #agg #agi #agc #age #agb #agg #ahc #aha ,,average ,,weight ,,of ,,hogs ,,at ,,kansas ,,city4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,january ,february ,march ,april ,may #bjc ,june #bjc ,july #bje ,august #bjd ,september #aii ,october #aih ,november #bjf ,december #bje ,yearly #bah #bjg #bjh #baa #bab #bjj #aii #baj #bjd #bjj aver4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,january #bac #ahc #bja #bjd #ahi #bah #ahh ,february #bab #aic #bjd #aii #ahi #bba #bja ,march #bac #bjj #bja #bjc #aib #bac #bjb ,april #baf #aie #bjd #bjd #aia #bah #aid ,may #bjh #aig #bjd #bjb #aic #bac #aic ,june #bjf #aif #aig #bjb #aif #bjg #aid ,july #bjb #aif #aii #bjd #aij #bjf #aid ,august #aic #aib #bjb #ahh #ahj #aia #aic ,september #aij #aib #aih #aha #ahc #agb #aha ,october #ahe #aia #aib #aga #aie #agc #age ,november #agh #ahf #aid #agb #aih #ahe #ahg ,december #agh #ahh #bje #ahc #bjf #aid #ahi ,yearly #bja #aia #bjj #aic #aib #bja #aia aver4 ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,average ,,weight ,,of ,,hogs ,,at ,,st4 ,,joseph4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,january #bcg #bjd #bah #bjf #bah #bcj #bac ,february #bbg #bae #bbj #bae #bbf #bdb #bah ,march #bbi #bbc #bcj #bba #bcj #bdc #bbh ,april #bbi #baf #bdj #bbg #bbe #bda #bbh ,may #bbh #bai #bcf #bah #bba #bci #bbd ,june #bcb #bac #bdj #bag #bbc #bcj #bbd ,july #bjf #bbh #bcd #bbf #bbh #bbi #bbi ,august #bcb #bca #bde #bci #bbf #bcd #bcg ,september #bbi #bdj #bci #bcj #bdc #bda #bdg ,october #bah #bah #bag #bae #bcc #bbf #bcd ,november #aib #aic #bji #bje #bcd #bjf #bbb ,december #aib #baj #baj #bjf #bbh #bje #bai ,yearly #baa #bag #bbh #bai #bbh #bcj #bbg aver4 ,,average ,,weight ,,of ,,hogs ,,at ,,sioux ,,city4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,january #bae ,february #baf ,march #bbc ,april #bbh ,may #bcb ,june #bcg ,july #bcg ,august #bej ,september #bee ,october #beb ,november #bff ,december #beh ,yearly #bdh #bdg #bdd #bdh #bdi #bch #bcc #bej #bej #bci aver4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,january #bdi #bbj #bcb #bae #bji #bjj #bca ,february #bci #bbh #bbf #bbj #baa #baa #bcj ,march #bej #bda #bdb #bbe #bag #bdd #bch ,april #bef #bdj #bdh #bca #bbe #bdh #bdj ,may #bfa #bdf #bea #bcf #bba #bdb #bdg ,june #beg #bed #bea #bdf #bcb #bdh #bea ,july #bef #bdi #bef #bej #bch #beh #bea ,august #bea #bfb #bei #bdi #bci #bef #bfe ,september #bch #bfh #bgj #bdi #bcd #bfg #bgc ,october #baj #bhf #bfb #bej #bca #bgj #bfg ,november #baa #bff #bbh #bcf #bbf #bfa #bfh ,december #bag #bee #bbb #bae #bce #bdb #bdb ,yearly #bda #bea #bdf #bca #bbe #bdh #bej aver4 ,,average ,,weight ,,of ,,cattle ,,at ,,chicago4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,january #a1jdd #a1jhf #a1jff #a1jda #a1jje #a1jdi #a1jbe #a1jai #ihg #a1jah ,february #a1jfd #a1jhj #a1jfh #a1jdf #a1jbe #a1jfi #a1jdb #a1jaj #a1jca #iij ,march #a1jfe #a1jfh #a1jjj #a1jbc #a1jab #a1jbj #a1jbb #iie #a1jcj #iia ,april #a1jbj #a1jcc #ich #iha #igc #a1jeh #a1jee #a1jcf #a1jfh #iii ,may #a1jdj #a1jae #iej #ifb #ifj #a1jfd #a1jhb #a1jbd #a1jhj #iid ,june #a1jfb #a1jjh #ihh #a1jja #igg #a1jdj #a1jib #a1jjf #a1jcf #iii ,july #a1jca #a1jdd #a1jdc #a1jjh #ihc #a1jfa #a1jgd #ihj #a1jag #a1jjc ,august #a1jde #a1jaa #a1jcc #a1jje #iff #a1jeg #a1jbb #ici #iie #ieh ,september #ihh #a1jaa #a1jbj #iic #icj #a1jbb #iid #idi #ihe #iec ,october #a1jje #iff #a1jbj #ifd #ide #a1jje #igd #idg #iff #iea ,november #a1jda #a1jae #a1jdf #iic #a1jja #iia #iie #iij #hhi #ieg ,december #a1jgh #a1jce #a1jdh #iie #a1jba #a1jai #iii #iie #igb #ihj ,yearly #a1jci #a1jcb #a1jai #a1jjj #igi #a1jcf #a1jcf #iij #iig #iha aver4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,january #a1jjb #iif #a1jbg #a1jdd #ihj #idf #hhe ,february #a1jjf #a1jac #a1jda #a1jch #ifb #iec #icb ,march #ibi #a1jab #a1jee #a1jbe #iib #ief #iah ,april #a1jdj #a1jcf #a1jhi #a1jbe #ifi #ige #idf ,may #a1jdj #a1jba #a1jge #a1jaj #ihb #iad #icg ,june #a1jfi #a1jjh #a1jgf #a1jjj #ifa #iff #iff ,july #a1jcg #a1jjj #a1jcb #a1jji #ieg #iab #iag ,august #a1jba #iii #a1jej #ihj #ica #idc #iei ,september #iib #iha #a1jdg #idc #icj #iad #hif ,october #ihj #ieh #a1jbd #iej #hgc #iba #ied ,november #a1jaa #a1jae #a1jag #ied #iaa #icj #ibi ,december #iig #a1jjc #a1jcg #ieg #iaa #icc #ice ,yearly #a1jjh #a1jjb #a1jdf #ihg #ici #ida #icf aver4 ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,average ,,weight ,,of ,,sheep ,,and ,,lambs ,,at ,,chicago4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,january #hh #ic #hi #hf #hf #he #hd #hc #ij #hb ,february #hf #hi #hi #hc #hf #hd #hc #hb #hh #hb ,march #hb #hg #hh #hb #hf #hf #hd #hb #hf #hd ,april #hg #hh #hi #hb #he #hd #hd #hj #he #hb ,may #he #hf #hg #hb #hd #he #ha #hb #hd #hj ,june #hj #hb #hb #hj #ha #hb #gg #hj #ge #gf ,july #hj #hc #hb #hj #ha #gi #gf #hj #gf #ge ,august #ha #hb #gi #gi #ha #gi #hj #hj #gh #ge ,september #gg #gh #gh #gh #hb #gi #gi #gi #gb #gg ,october #gi #gh #ge #gi #hj #gi #hj #gi #gc #gh ,november #hb #he #hj #hj #ha #ha #ha #hb #gh #hb ,december #hg #hh #hd #he #hd #hb #gi #ha #hc #he ,yearly #hc #hd #hc #ha #hc #hb #hc #ha #gi #gi aver4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,january #hg #ha #hb #hc #ha #hj #gi ,february #he #ha #ha #he #hb #hd #ha ,march #hd #hd #hb #hg #he #he #hj ,april #he #hc #hc #he #hd #hd #hc ,may #hb #hb #ha #hc #hc #hc #hb ,june #gg #gd #gb #gd #gb #gc #ge ,july #gf #gf #gc #ge #ga #gc #gc ,august #gh #gf #gi #gf #gd #gh #gf ,september #ge #gc #ge #gd #gd #ge #gb ,october #gc #ga #gh #gd #gc #gb #gb ,november #gh #hc #ha #gh #gg #gb #gc ,december #hj #hc #hb #gi #hb #gi #gf ,yearly #gi #gh #gi #gi #gh #gh #gf aver4 ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,percentage ,,of ,,different ,,grades ,,of ,,cattle ,,slaughtered ,,at ,,central ,,markets4 ,july4 ,august4,september4,october4 ,november4,december4 ,steers-- #a1ejj 4#bcf 4#bji 4#dbg 4#ajd 4#jfh 4#jeh pounds and up #a1cjj to #a4dib #a4bgf #a4eej #a4bda 4#hdd 4#gch #a1ejj pounds #a1ajj to #h4gji #h4acd #f4edh #f4jdg #f4gif #f4bee #a1cjj pounds #iej to #af4cfh #ac4dba #aa4egc #i4ebd #ab4agd #ac4chg #a1ajj pounds #iej pounds #c4gij #b4hja #b4iid #b4bfc #b4hai #d4aca and down ,western1 #h4fbc #ag4dcb #ag4jia #ag4ceh #ac4gfb #g4dbe etc4 ,canners #e4fgd #a4eib #a4gef #b4bfa #a4egb #c4ehb ,baby beef #b4jff #a4jdi 4#ffa 4#deb 4#hdg #a4fgc ,total #df4ief #de4iad #db4fjj #ci4bej #ch4hef #cg4bdi steers ,bulls-- ,native #b4icj #b4bgj #b4ahj #a4gfj #a4egj #a4gbj ,western1 #b4idg 4#eha #a4cff 4#gdh 4#ggd 4#fhg etc4 ,canners #a4ijd #a4jja 4#iij 4#hjf #a4fid 4#dbh ,total #g4gha #c4heb #d4ecf #c4cad #d4jch #b4hce bulls ,cows-- ,native or #ac4idj #aa4dej #aa4hij #aj4fjj #aj4eaj #ae4iij shipper ,western #a4ehd #f4ghb #e4bcd #g4eff #i4aie #f4dhh ,canner #ag4hgd #ba4igb #ab4jej #bi4jgg #bf4jig #be4agf ,total #cc4cih #dj4bjd #bi4agd #dg4bdc #de4hjb #dg4fed cows ,heifers-- ,native #f4hbj #g4jfj #f4hbj #f4eej #f4hhj #i4cdj ,western1 #a4jgf #a4hed #d4cdb #b4eeh #b4gjf #a4hdf etc4 ,canners #a4ijd 4#cii #aa4gcd 4#dgf #a4aff 4#gah ,baby beef #b4jec 4#hba 4#gai 4#fjh 4#ecc 4#cec ,total #aa4hec #aj4acd #bc4fae #aj4aib #aa4bhe #ab4beg heifers ,the above figures were compiled by ,stephen ,chase1 of the ,food ,administration1 for the last half of #aiah4 ,no other years are available4 ,note the large proportion of our beef supply which comes from canner cows and light steers4 ,,yearly ,,shipments ,,of ,,stocker ,,and ,,feeder ,,cattle ,,from ,,omaha4 7#jjj omitted7 #aijd4aije4aijf4aijg4aijh4aiji4aiaj4aiaa 4 ,nebraska #aca #acg #abe #aaa #aad #abe #ace #aee ,iowa #ib #abb #adc #afj #abe #adh #agf #bjb ,kansas #a #b #a #a #d #c #aj ,illinois #h #h #i #cb #cf #ef #fb #dg ,missouri #aa #ai #ab #ah #bd #ce #ce #bf ,south ,dakota #e #bb #ac #ca #ab #g #c #a ,colorado #a #a #a ,wyoming #a #a #a #a #a #a ,other states #i #f #e #e #c #d #i #h ,totals #beg #caf #cjh #cei #cah #chj #dcb #ddc #aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag4aiah4aiai 4 ,nebraska #aej #abf #aga #bbd #bgi #bhd #bbi #bic ,iowa #ahb #bac #aeb #agb #bjg #aii #aij #bhb ,kansas #b #a #a #a #a #b #a #c ,illinois #ci #bg #bj #bg #ah #bb #cf #ca ,missouri #ba #aj #aa #ai #g #aa #i #ac ,south ,dakota #h #af #i #ae #ab #bb #cc #af ,colorado #d #a #b #b #a #a #b #b ,wyoming #f #d #d #aj #c #c #g #d ,other states #e #h #d #g #e #af #i #aa ,totals #daf #dje #cge #dge #ecc #efa #eag #fed ,,monthly ,,shipments ,,of ,,stocker ,,and ,,feeder ,,cattle ,,from ,,omaha4 7#jjj omitted7 #aijd4aije4aijf4aijg4aijh4aiji4aiaj4aiaa 4 ,january #ah #ah #ai #bf #be #cb #ah #cf ,february #ac #ac #bb #ai #ai #bb #ba #bi ,march #ai #cj #bj #bb #bb #be #cd #bg ,april #af #af #ad #ag #af #ai #bb #ae ,may #aa #ac #ac #ah #ab #ad #af #ad ,june #i #ba #ac #ca #ah #ab #ae #ba ,july #f #aj #aa #af #aa #ac #bb #bd ,august #ad #bd #bc #cc #be #ch #ea #ef ,september #dj #di #db #eh #di #fi #hg #fd ,october #di #fd #ee #ge #ee #fc #fh #ha ,november #cf #ci #di #bd #cb #df #de #di ,december #be #bh #bg #bj #cd #bh #cj #bh ,totals #beg #caf #cjh #cei #cah #chj #dcb #ddc #aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag4aiah4aiai 4 ,january #bc #cj #cj #ce #db #dc #cb #dj ,february #bd #bd #bd #bj #db #cb #bg #cj ,march #bj #ba #bg #bi #dd #cd #cc #ca ,april #bb #bj #bb #cb #bd #bi #ca #bg ,may #af #ah #ae #af #af #bd #cb #bb ,june #aa #aj #aa #ac #ae #bb #ai #aa ,july #ae #aa #aj #aj #ac #ag #ah #ca ,august #ci #da #ca #bh #di #ci #de #ge ,september #gc #gh #gb #ge #gb #gh #ia #abc ,october #ih #hj #gb #ajd #aje #ajj #hj #ace ,november #ch #dc #bc #gj #fg #aja #fe #hh ,december #ch #bi #cg #dd #dd #dd #dd #dc ,totals #daf #dje #cge #dge #ecc #efa #eag #fed ,,yearly ,,shipments ,,of ,,stocker ,,and ,,feeder ,,sheep ,,from ,,omaha4 7#jjj omitted7 #aijg4aijh4aiji4aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4 ,nebraska #bhf #cbf #caf #ega #dgd #cje #cjd ,iowa #cjf #cca #bid #eea #ede #dhc #gae ,illinois #bfc #bha #aih #bgi #bfd #chc #bge ,missouri #hb #cd #bb #if #id #eg #eb ,michigan #bg #ee #ff #aaf #fb #ej #ce ,minnesota #ai #bh #ah #c #i #d #cc ,wisconsin #i #f #d #ah #bc #bf #ai ,kansas #f #h #ai #bj #ba #aj #c ,indiana #f #h #i ,south ,dakota #a #e #g #ah #aj #ab #bc ,ohio #e #g #h ,other states #aj #b #b #d #ag #bj #ab ,totals #a1jaja1jhg #ifja1gjda1eaia1ceja1dfi #aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag4aiah4aiai4 ,nebraska #cbh #bgc #chi #eee #dfc #fch ,iowa #dcd #ddc #dgi #ech #gaa #gdd ,illinois #ha #acj #gj #ih #bjg #adj ,missouri #dg #ef #cg #db #ed #he ,michigan #ad #fg #g #h #h #bc ,minnesota #bf #f #ab #bb #ec #bb ,wisconsin #e #aj #c #f #i #aa ,kansas #c #d #g #d #g #ad ,indiana ,south ,dakota #ab #aa #ad #bj #ch #eg ,ohio ,other states #ag #fg #g #h #ae #be ,totals #ifga1jfga1jbfa1cjba1effa1geg ,,monthly ,,shipments ,,of ,,stocker ,,and ,,feeder ,,sheep ,,from ,,omaha4 7#jjj omitted7 #aijg4aijh4aiji4aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4 ,january #ag #ag #be #ah #bi #bf #dc ,february #db #ch #cj #ah #cd #bc #db ,march #gi #ea #di #cg #df #id #dg ,april #hh #gb #bc #cb #cc #id #dc ,may #af #db #d #be #ab #ba #ab ,june #g #af #ab #ai #ad #ab #b ,july #ah #ai #bb #hb #cj #bi #bh ,august #fi #hg #aaj #bbg #ahj #acb #abb ,september #bej #cca #bcg #dgi #ddc #bgc #ejd ,october #bih #bba #cae #dhc #dgj #dbe #dfe ,november #abj #adj #ajj #bee #aih #aed #abj ,december #bh #ec #cd #bh #ca #ef #dj ,totals #a1jaja1jhg #ifja1gjda1eaia1ceja1dfi #aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag4aiah4aiai4 ,january #ce #be #af #ah #ca #da ,february #cb #ah #bc #ah #cj #bc ,march #bf #e #ac #aa #bh #bg ,april #bj #d #g #g #bh #bg ,may #e #a #a #c #ad #ah ,june #e #aj #ad #aj #ag #bh ,july #ha #db #bf #df #eh #adc ,august #aah #adh #agj #agd #bef #dcc ,september #cjb #cgh #cbg #dji #ede #fje ,october #cag #bgd #cjb #ceg #dai #bdh ,november #eb #abb #ia #aej #hi #gh ,december #be #ci #cj #ig #ea #hj ,totals #ifga1jfga1jbfa1cjba1effa1geg ,,shipments ,,of ,,feeders ,,from ,,kansas ,,city4 7#jjj omitted7 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #eg #cf #ej #ce ,feb4 #dd #be #dg #ce ,mar4 #de #dg #de #be ,apr4 #cc #bg #cd #cc ,may #cj #bf #bh #bc ,june #cj #bf #ce #af ,july #cd #cb #dh #bc ,aug4 #fg #gc #fb #gd ,sep4 #ajh #ajg #gg #aag ,oct4 #abj #aae #abg #afb ,nov4 #hf #hg #hg #gf ,dec4 #ed #ed #ce #fc ,totals #gjh #fee #fge #fhb #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #eh #gb #ec #ef #fb #da #hf ,feb4 #df #de #cb #ed #ea #ed #ff ,mar4 #df #dg #ej #ef #di #fe #fb ,apr4 #cd #dg #ed #da #ed #ei #hd ,may #bh #bh #cc #df #di #fb #fj ,june #bh #bg #bd #dj #ee #db #ej ,july #ef #ci #bi #db #fc #fj #da ,aug4 #aci #ee #ef #aac #id #abj #ib ,sep4 #agb #aad #acd #abc #acb #aei #abg ,oct4 #afa #aeb #ahf #agh #aca #age #afg ,nov4 #ia #hd #afa #aja #adc #ada #aba ,dec4 #ed #fi #hh #db #ff #gf #gj ,totals #iac #ggi #ijj #hib #idi #a1jed #a1jbf ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,bureau ,,of ,,markets ,,reports ,,on ,,live ,,stock ,,movements4 7#jjj omitted7 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4aiba4aibb4 ,hog receipts at #ed #dc1aabce1gccdd1ecddc1ghj markets ,shipments of stocker and #adb #fdj #fhc #fag feeder hogs from #af markets ,cattle receipts at #ed #ag1eecbb1bajbd1iggbd1cac markets ,shipments of stocker and #c1hdc #d1gje #d1fhh #d1ijj feeder cattle from #ce markets ,sheep receipts at #ed #bj1dcdah1fgaba1gbjbe1hhb markets ,at this date1 in early #aibj1 the ,bureau of ,markets is reporting for about #fi markets4 ,hog receipts as given are #ig per cent of receipts at #fi markets2 cattle1 #ih per cent2 sheep1 #ie per cent1 stocker and feeder cattle1 #ic per cent2 stocker hogs1 #fi per cent4 #ad;,,argentine ,,wheat ,,price4 7,per bushel7 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 ,january #a4ac 4#ib #a4jb 4#hi #a4jj #a4bd #a4jh #a4fj #a4dd ,february #a4jg 4#ia 4#ig 4#hi #a4jj #a4db #a4jh #a4fj #a4dh ,march #a4jg 4#hh 4#ie 4#ia 4#ii #a4dj 4#ii #a4ff #a4eb #a4bf ,april #a4ja 4#hh 4#ic #a4jd 4#ig #a4dc 4#ie #a4ga #a4eb #a4bf ,may 4#ia 4#ia 4#hi #a4jc #a4ja #a4ej 4#hg #b4jj #a4dg ,june 4#hc 4#ij 4#ia #a4jd #a4jc #a4bh 4#he #b4ah #a4df ,july #a4ah 4#ib 4#ij #a4jd #a4jf #a4dd 4#hf #b4bj #a4ce ,august 4#ig 4#ig 4#ia #a4jf #a4jg #a4de #a4aa #b4je #a4bh #a4ib ,september 4#ia #a4jf 4#hi #a4jh #a4ji #a4dd #a4ba #a4ij #a4bf #a4ib ,october 4#ib #a4jf 4#ia #a4jb #a4jf #a4ch #a4df #a4hi #a4bh #a4fh ,november 4#hi #a4jd 4#hf #a4jg #a4ab #a4cj #a4fh #a4hb #a4gj ,december 4#hf #a4ab 4#ij #a4jc #a4ac #a4af #a4db #a4cg #ad;,,argentine ,,corn ,,price4 7,per bushel7 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 ,january 4#fi 4#ef #a4jd 4#eb 4#ee 4#eb 4#ee #a4ja 4#gj 4#ef ,february 4#fh 4#ee 4#id 4#ea 4#ee 4#eh 4#eh #a4jj 4#ga 4#ef ,march 4#ff 4#ec 4#fc 4#eb 4#ef 4#ef 4#ec 4#id 4#fi 4#di ,april 4#fb 4#fj 4#eh 4#eb 4#eb 4#ei 4#di 4#ii 4#ed ,may 4#eg 4#gj 4#eb 4#ed 4#eg 4#ec 4#db #a4ba ,june 4#dh 4#ge 4#ej 4#ec 4#ed 4#di 4#dj #a4ch ,july 4#ea 4#hg 4#di 4#ea 4#ef 4#di 4#dd #a4cg 4#ee ,august 4#eb 4#ie 4#ej 4#ed 4#ec 4#di 4#ej #a4dj 4#gc #a4ac ,september 4#ea #a4ja 4#dh 4#fj 4#ej 4#dh 4#eb 4#ic 4#gj #a4jc ,october 4#di 4#ii 4#di 4#eh 4#de 4#ej 4#fg 4#he 4#he ,november 4#dh 4#ie 4#di 4#ei 4#ej 4#eb #a4je 4#hf 4#he ,december 4#fa 4#ih 4#eg 4#eh 4#ej 4#ej 4#hg 4#gg ,,exports ,,of ,,pork ,,and ,,pork ,,products ,,from ,,the ,,united ,,states--,,in ,,pounds4 7#jjj1jjj omitted7 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #aai #aba #aji #afb #abi #abd #ajd #ge #ge #ii ,feb4 #hi #ig #ajh #acg #aae #aef #hh #ff #gi #ajc ,mar4 #hh #hg #aba #aji #aja #ace #aje #fj #he #aje ,apr4 #fh #hj #aaa #abj #ic #aje #hc #cd #hg #hf ,may #fc #gf #ii #ajh #ie #gi #gh #ib #aja #ic ,june #he #ih #ajf #ajg #ig #hc #hg #ej #ig #ff ,july #hj #ge #aaa #aad #afj #ha #fc #fb #hd #gb ,aug4 #he #hc #aaa #abd #aad #gc #fh #fi #hb #gi ,sep4 #ie #ih #ii #aba #hc #hb #fj #eh #ajg #gi ,oct4 #ic #aja #aje #id #hc #gh #ee #ej #hj #ff ,nov4 #ie #hh #aai #gi #hh #gh #fc #ea #gg #fg ,dec4 #abj #aac #aeh #ig #ge #aab #ff #gd #ig #hb ,totals #a1jhj #a1aag #a1ceg #a1cgb #a1bcc #a1ahf #ibj #gda #a1jea #iif #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #ib #ajb #ajf #acc #aii #ic #aih #ace ,feb4 #ajg #gd #aai #afb #abc #aad #bcf ,mar4 #ig #gj #afi #abj #afh #cjh #cdb ,apr4 #hc #fa #aad #acd #ach #bhf #cdi ,may #hd #ff #hi #adh #abg #bha #ahe ,june #gf #fg #abb #aab #ajc #afi #djj ,july #hb #ec #ie #gg #df #bec #bda ,aug4 #hc #ed #ij #ic #ga #agj #agi ,sep4 #gd #ei #ajj #ajf #gi #aae #aag ,oct4 #gg #gc #aac #ie #ed #acb #aaf ,nov4 #hj #gd #ajh #aad #ii #abc #abi ,dec4 #hg #gd #adc #aeg #ij #bjf #adc ,totals #a1jba #hbh #a1cfh #a1dea #a1bih #b1bea #b1fce ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,exports ,,of ,,wheat4#ae 7,in bushels--#jjj1jjj omitted7 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #af #ab #c #aj #aa #ai #h #e #g #f ,feb4 #ab #h #c #i #i #ac #f #c #e #e ,mar4 #ab #g #c #g #i #i #e #d #f #f ,apr4 #ae #e #c #g #aa #h #d #e #e #e ,may #ae #d #d #g #ac #i #e #e #f #d ,june #ab #d #c #f #aa #i #c #c #d #c ,july #aj #c #b #g #g #h #d #c #f #c ,aug4 #ab #d #d #ac #aj #ag #i #e #aj #i ,sep4 #ae #d #g #ah #ae #ah #ab #f #aa #ag ,oct4 #af #e #aa #ag #bj #ah #ad #g #i #ba ,nov4 #ac #e #ab #ad #ba #ab #ac #g #g #af ,dec4 #ae #d #af #ac #bc #aa #i #h #h #ae #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #ac #aj #cb #ba #bd #ab #bb ,feb4 #i #h #ca #ba #ad #aj #af ,mar4 #i #g #bh #bd #ab #ab #bj ,apr4 #aa #g #bi #bb #ai #ab #ca ,may #aa #aa #bj #ba #af #aa #bf ,june #i #aa #ac #ab #ba #aa #cc ,july #ac #cj #ab #aa #h #aa #ad ,aug4 #bh #bh #bj #ae #aj #ai #ai ,sep4 #ah #ca #bf #ah #g #bh #be ,oct4 #ac #bf #bd #af #aa #be #ba ,nov4 #aj #bf #ai #ai #aa #bb #bc ,dec4 #aa #cg #bj #ai #ae #cd #ae ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,exports ,,of ,,corn4 7,in bushels--#jjj omitted7 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #aa1jbf #e1jeiaf1ddjbg1beg #i1aea #f1dda #f1baf #f1aje #i1idg #g1fdf ,feb4 #ac1jgj #f1hdbad1badag1gieaa1ddf #i1eai #e1cdb #d1edgaa1jcc #g1jbb ,mar4 #ae1fdd #g1hgiad1fagab1hgjab1bgg #d1ejg #d1hef #e1bbi #i1ggc #e1bfg ,apr4 #aj1cjb #c1aciab1bge #h1icb #i1fef #b1dgf #d1ijj #c1fbh #e1cgd #a1hae ,may #e1igc #a1chh #f1edf #e1jcd #g1ddf #a1aec #a1aaj #b1aca #c1gae #hcj ,june #e1ijc #a1gch #d1dca #b1fdh #e1eec #gcg #fhe #a1iig #d1fej #fhg ,july #e1ahe #b1jhf #d1aac #c1agc #g1cje #dcj #gci #b1aha #b1daj #gdg ,aug4 #c1ahj #c1jhh #d1hdd #c1ahe #d1igj #cia #haj #b1cij #a1cad #efa ,sep4 #c1gjg #c1cjd #e1gaa #c1chh #b1hib #ebc #a1jai #c1fjg #c1ggh #hbi ,oct4 #g1acf #b1efc #d1jbh #f1jcf #c1ggj #a1gie #b1bjj #c1ehg #b1icd #a1aed ,nov4 #e1ihd #a1cbe #e1hfa #d1hcg #d1aca #c1aed #b1cea #b1jah #a1bbi #a1ajb ,dec4 #d1fbc #h1jihah1cgc #g1jic #d1ede #f1dec #e1icj #e1bjf #e1jdc #c1bgd 7,in bushels--#jjj omitted7 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #aa1cag #a1adh #e1bbd #c1dih #g1bec #a1iec #a1agg ,feb4 #ab1cjg #ibh #g1hee #e1aea #f1eig #c1bjc #igf ,mar4 #aj1aji #a1agj #h1hae #d1hcgaj1hcd #g1feh #fhc ,apr4 #e1eif #gji #i1aje #e1ajg #f1dfc #h1fde #fii ,may #a1beb #ech #c1gce #e1ecf #d1hch #c1gic #hgh ,june #gdc #ibf #c1hde #d1haa #c1gbj #c1bgi #iaj ,july #ibf #efj #b1afa #e1dhc #c1adf #b1jji #ehh ,aug4 #gji #dia #iei #f1gjj #b1fgj #a1hej #haf ,sep4 #fgj #a1aeb #hhh #c1gfj #ihj #b1dif #a1baj ,oct4 #djd #a1jeb #a1jai #c1hhf #a1fjb #b1cce #hfh ,nov4 #ddd #b1aec #a1fdb #b1bij #a1fbb #a1gjj #ifb ,dec4 #ggc #d1gha #b1gij #b1hia #b1dde #iia #a1ebe ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,iowa ,,corn ,,prices4 7,prices on farms or nearest shipping point1 first of each month47 #aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag 4aiah4aiai4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january 4#ea 4#cf 4#eb 4#cf 4#eh 4#eg 4#eg 4#hj #a4ba #a4cf 4#fhd ,february 4#ed 4#cg 4#ee 4#ch 4#ef 4#ff 4#fb 4#hh #a4ba #a4be 4#gjb ,march 4#eb 4#cg 4#ef 4#ci 4#ef 4#fe 4#fa 4#ib #a4cd #a4bb 4#gad ,april 4#ea 4#ch 4#fa 4#da 4#ei 4#fd 4#fe #a4aa #a4cf #a4dj 4#gff ,may 4#dh 4#da 4#fi 4#de 4#ei 4#fh 4#ff #a4dj #a4dj #a4ed 4#hcj ,june 4#ej 4#dd 4#gj 4#ej 4#fc 4#fh 4#fh #a4df #a4ce #a4fc 4#heg ,july 4#ec 4#di 4#fg 4#eb 4#fc 4#fi 4#fi #a4ef #a4cg #a4ff 4#hha ,august 4#ee 4#ef 4#fe 4#ed 4#fd 4#ga 4#gc #b4jb #a4dg #a4hd 4#iga ,september 4#ef 4#ef 4#fg 4#ff 4#gb 4#ga 4#gg #a4fe #a4ej #a4fi 4#idi ,october 4#di 4#eg 4#fa 4#ff 4#fi 4#ff 4#gf #a4gj #a4ch #a4cb 4#hhd ,november 4#ci 4#eg 4#ej 4#fj 4#fa 4#ei 4#gh #a4cf #a4ae #a4aa 4#gff ,december 4#cf 4#ec 4#ce 4#fj 4#ee 4#ea 4#hj #a4jh #a4bb #a4bj 4#gbj ,yearly 4#die 4#dfg 4#eij 4#ejf 4#fab 4#fdf 4#fica4cbha4ccja4dce 4#haj aver4 ,,iowa ,,oats ,,prices4 7,prices on farms or nearest shipping point1 first of each month47 #aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag 4aiah4aiai4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january 4#ch 4#bg 4#da 4#bh 4#ce 4#dc 4#cf 4#df 4#ga 4#fd 4#dbi ,february 4#da 4#bg 4#dd 4#bh 4#cd 4#dh 4#dc 4#ea 4#gf 4#ed 4#ddf ,march 4#da 4#bf 4#de 4#bh 4#cd 4#ej 4#ci 4#ea 4#hc 4#ed 4#dea ,april 4#da 4#bf 4#dg 4#bi 4#cd 4#ea 4#ch 4#ef 4#hd 4#eh 4#dfd ,may 4#cg 4#bg 4#ea 4#cj 4#cd 4#ej 4#ch 4#fc 4#hb 4#fd 4#dgf ,june 4#cg 4#bi 4#dh 4#cb 4#ce 4#dh 4#cg 4#fa 4#fi 4#fb 4#deh ,july 4#cf 4#ce 4#df 4#cd 4#cd 4#db 4#cf 4#fb 4#ga 4#fe 4#dfa ,august 4#ce 4#ce 4#cc 4#cd 4#ca 4#dc 4#ce 4#fh 4#fg 4#gj 4#dea ,september 4#bi 4#cf 4#bf 4#cf 4#ci 4#cb 4#ci 4#ea 4#fb 4#fc 4#dac ,october 4#bh 4#ci 4#bg 4#cf 4#dj 4#cj 4#da 4#ed 4#fd 4#fj 4#dai ,november 4#bg 4#da 4#bh 4#cd 4#ci 4#ca 4#de 4#ed 4#fb 4#fa 4#dbb ,december 4#bg 4#da 4#bg 4#cd 4#da 4#cb 4#dh 4#fc 4#fd 4#fd 4#dda ,yearly 4#cdh 4#cbd 4#chf 4#cai 4#cei 4#dag 4#cif 4#efg 4#gac 4#faf 4#ddd aver4 ,,iowa ,,hog ,,prices4 7,prices on farms or nearest shipping point1 fifteenth of each month47 #aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag 4aiah4aiai4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january #g4hj #g4ej #e4fj #f4ij #g4gj #f4dj #f4bj #i4hjae4fjaf4dj #h4ii ,february #h4aj #f4ij #e4gj #g4ej #h4jj #f4bj #g4ejaa4djae4cjaf4ej #i4ca ,march #i4fj #f4dj #f4jj #h4aj #h4aj #f4bj #i4jjac4hjaf4bjag4dj #aj4jh ,april #i4ej #e4hj #g4bj #h4ej #h4aj #f4ej #i4jjae4cjaf4djah4gj #aj4ej ,may #h4fj #e4dj #g4aj #g4gj #g4hj #f4ij #i4ajae4ajaf4fjai4ej #aj4ch ,june #h4hj #e4dj #f4ij #h4jj #g4ej #g4jj #h4hjad4hjae4hjai4cj #aj4bc ,july #h4bj #e4ij #f4ij #h4cj #h4jj #f4ij #i4ajad4ejaf4cjbj4hj #aj4di ,august #g4fj #f4ij #g4fj #g4ij #h4ej #f4dj #i4cjae4gjah4jjbj4aj #aj4hj ,september #h4dj #f4fj #g4hj #g4gj #h4cj #f4gj #i4ijaf4ijah4djae4ej #aj4fb ,october4 #g4ij #e4ij #h4bj #g4fj #g4bj #g4dj #i4jjaf4ijag4jjac4dj #aj4je ,november #g4cj #e4gj #g4bj #g4cj #f4hj #f4aj #i4ajae4hjaf4djac4ej #i4eb ,december #f4ij #e4fj #g4jj #g4aj #f4ej #e4hj #i4jjaf4bjaf4djab4cj #i4bh ,yearly #h4bc #f4ag #f4id #g4gb #g4ga #f4ed #h4gead4fhaf4ecaf4ie #aj4jb aver4 ,,iowa ,,beef ,,cattle ,,prices4 7,prices on farms or nearest shipping point1 fifteenth of each month47 #aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag 4aiah4aiai4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january #e4dj #e4aj #e4dj #f4ej #g4jj #f4gj #f4ij #h4bj #i4ijab4dj #g4ce ,february #e4jj #e4jj #e4dj #f4hj #g4cj #f4ej #g4bj #h4ijaj4cjab4hj #g4eb ,march #e4hj #e4jj #e4fj #g4aj #g4dj #f4ej #g4fj #h4gjaj4djac4ej #g4gf ,april #f4bj #e4aj #f4jj #g4dj #g4dj #f4fj #g4gjaj4ajaa4ijad4aj #h4be ,may #e4ij #d4ij #f4bj #g4aj #g4cj #g4jj #h4jjaj4bjab4gjac4fj #h4bi ,june #e4fj #d4ij #f4bj #g4aj #g4dj #g4cj #h4ejaj4cjab4fjaa4ij #h4ah ,july #e4cj #d4hj #f4ej #g4bj #g4gj #g4hj #h4bjaj4bjab4hjab4cj #h4bh ,august #e4aj #e4bj #f4hj #g4jj #g4hj #g4dj #g4hjaj4bjab4cjab4fj #h4bb ,september #e4bj #e4jj #f4hj #g4bj #g4gj #g4aj #h4ajaj4fjab4ijaa4hj #h4bd ,october #e4jj #e4aj #f4hj #g4aj #g4dj #g4bj #g4hjaj4djaa4ijaj4aj #g4hh ,november #d4ij #e4aj #f4dj #g4aj #g4jj #f4hj #g4hjaj4ajaa4ijaa4ej #g4hf ,december #d4gj #e4bj #f4gj #f4ij #f4ij #f4gj #g4ij #i4gjaa4gjaa4fj #g4hj ,yearly #e4cd #e4jd #f4bd #g4jd #g4cf #f4ig #g4gi #i4hjaa4ggab4ce #g4ig aver4 ,,iowa ,,wool ,,prices4 7,prices on farms or nearest shipping point1 fifteenth of each month47 #aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag 4aiah4aiai4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january 4#bf 4#ai 4#ag 4#ai 4#ag 4#ah 4#bd 4#cj 4#ei 4#ei 4#bhh ,february 4#bf 4#ai 4#ah 4#ai 4#ag 4#ai 4#bg 4#cj 4#fj 4#ec 4#bhh ,march 4#bf 4#ai 4#ah 4#bj 4#ag 4#bb 4#bf 4#ce 4#fj 4#ea 4#bid ,april 4#bd 4#ah 4#ah 4#ai 4#ag 4#bc 4#bh 4#ci 4#fj 4#eb 4#bih ,may 4#bd 4#af 4#ai 4#ag 4#ah 4#bb 4#bi 4#dc 4#fj 4#ea 4#bii ,june 4#bj 4#af 4#bj 4#ag 4#ai 4#be 4#ca 4#eb 4#fj 4#di 4#cji ,july 4#ba 4#af 4#bj 4#ah 4#bj 4#be 4#cj 4#eg 4#fa 4#ed 4#cbb ,august 4#ba 4#ag 4#ba 4#af 4#bj 4#be 4#cj 4#ef 4#fa 4#ed 4#cba ,september 4#bj 4#ag 4#bj 4#ag 4#ai 4#be 4#cj 4#eh 4#fj 4#eb 4#cah ,october 4#ai 4#ag 4#bj 4#ag 4#ai 4#bf 4#cj 4#ef 4#ei 4#ej 4#cac ,november 4#ai 4#ag 4#ai 4#ah 4#ah 4#bd 4#cj 4#ee 4#fa 4#eb 4#cac ,december 4#ai 4#ag 4#bj 4#ah 4#ah 4#bd 4#bi 4#eg 4#eh 4#ea 4#caa ,yearly 4#bba 4#agd 4#aib 4#agi 4#ahc 4#bcb 4#bhg 4#dgd 4#eii 4#ebe 4#cjg aver4 ,,iowa ,,bran ,,prices4 7,prices on farms or nearest shipping point1 fifteenth of each month47 #aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag 4aiah4aiai4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january #bd4cjbd4ajbe4hjbe4ajbd4ijbf4djbd4ejca4c jci4ijdf4hj #bi4ca ,february #be4hjbd4djbg4fjbc4fjbe4cjbg4jjbd4gjcc4a jdj4djdg4jj #bi4hi ,march #bf4ejbd4jjbh4hjbc4fjbe4ijbf4ijbd4djch4j jda4hjdg4jj #cj4fi ,april #be4fjbc4ijbh4bjbb4ijbg4jjbf4gjbd4cjda4b jda4cjde4bj #cj4fc ,may #bc4ijbd4gjbh4fjbb4ejbf4cjbf4gjbd4cjdb4e jda4djdg4jj #cj4gi ,june #bd4gjbe4ajbg4ajbb4gjbf4jjbe4fjbd4ejci4c jda4hjde4gj #cj4be ,july #bd4ejbe4ajbf4cjbc4jjbd4djbe4hjbd4bjch4i jda4hjde4ej #bi4ie ,august #bd4bjbe4bjbf4ajbc4cjbe4jjbe4ejbd4ejda4j jch4cjdf4ij #cj4jj ,september#bc4hjbd4hjbe4jjbd4djbe4hjbe4a jbe4jjch4ejcf4gjdg4ej #bi4ff ,october #bc4ejbe4djbe4jjbd4gjbe4ajbd4ajbe4hjcg4f jcg4jjdc4hj #bi4bj ,november #bd4ajbe4hjbd4cjbd4gjbd4ijbc4cjbi4becg4e jcf4cjde4ej #bi4ef ,december #bc4ijbe4ijbd4ajbd4bjbe4bjbc4jjcj4jjdj4g jcf4fjdf4hj #cj4jd ,yearly #bd4efbd4hfbf4dabc4gdbe4dhbe4eabe4dech4c jci4dfdf4bb #cj4jj aver4 ,,illinois ,,corn ,,prices4 7,prices on farms or nearest shipping point1 first of each month47 #aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag 4aiah4aiai4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january 4#ee 4#ci 4#ee 4#da 4#fd 4#fd 4#fb 4#hd #a4af #a4cd 4#gad ,february 4#ei 4#dj 4#ei 4#de 4#fj 4#gj 4#fe 4#ib #a4be #a4bj 4#gce ,march 4#ei 4#dj 4#fj 4#df 4#fj 4#fh 4#fe 4#ih #a4cf #a4bc 4#gee ,april 4#eg 4#dj 4#fe 4#dg 4#fd 4#fi 4#fe #a4ji #a4cj #a4db 4#ghh ,may 4#ed 4#dc 4#gd 4#ea 4#fc 4#gd 4#fi #a4dg #a4cc #a4ef 4#hfd ,june 4#ed 4#dg 4#gg 4#ee 4#fh 4#gc 4#fi #a4ed #a4be #a4fg 4#hhi ,july 4#eg 4#ea 4#gc 4#eh 4#fh 4#gb 4#gj #a4fj #a4cb #a4gd 4#iae ,august 4#eh 4#eh 4#ga 4#fa 4#gb 4#gf 4#gf #b4jf #a4ci #a4hi #a4jaf ,september 4#eg 4#fj 4#gb 4#gc 4#gh 4#gc 4#hj #a4gb #a4dg #a4hd 4#iif ,october 4#ea 4#fa 4#ff 4#ga 4#gd 4#fh 4#hj #a4hj #a4ci #a4da 4#icj ,november 4#dc 4#fj 4#ej 4#fd 4#fg 4#eg 4#hd #a4db #a4ah #a4bd 4#hji ,december 4#ch 4#ee 4#da 4#fc 4#fa 4#ed 4#hd #a4aj #a4bj #a4cj 4#gef ,yearly 4#ece 4#die 4#fcf 4#efc 4#fff 4#fha 4#gbda4cgha4cjja4dhg 4#hdg aver4 ,,illinois ,,oats ,,prices4 7,prices on farms or nearest shipping point1 first of each month47 #aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag 4aiah4aiai4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january 4#da 4#bi 4#dc 4#cj 4#cg 4#de 4#ch 4#di 4#gb 4#fg 4#de ,february 4#dd 4#cj 4#de 4#ca 4#cg 4#eb 4#df 4#ec 4#gg 4#ef 4#dg ,march 4#de 4#bi 4#dh 4#cb 4#cg 4#eb 4#dj 4#ed 4#hf 4#ef 4#dh ,april 4#dc 4#bi 4#ea 4#ca 4#ch 4#ee 4#ci 4#fj 4#hf 4#fa 4#di ,may 4#da 4#cj 4#ed 4#ca 4#cg 4#ed 4#da 4#fg 4#hc 4#fg 4#ea ,june 4#dj 4#ca 4#eb 4#ce 4#ch 4#ej 4#ci 4#fa 4#ga 4#ff 4#dh ,july 4#ci 4#ch 4#di 4#cg 4#cf 4#dd 4#cg 4#fb 4#ga 4#ff 4#dh ,august 4#cf 4#cf 4#cd 4#cg 4#ce 4#dj 4#cf 4#fh 4#ff 4#gd 4#df ,september 4#ca 4#ci 4#cj 4#ci 4#db 4#cc 4#dj 4#ea 4#ff 4#fh 4#dd ,october 4#cj 4#da 4#cj 4#ci 4#dc 4#ca 4#da 4#ef 4#fg 4#fd 4#dd ,november 4#ca 4#db 4#cj 4#cg 4#dd 4#cc 4#dh 4#ef 4#fc 4#fc 4#de ,december 4#cj 4#db 4#cj 4#ch 4#dd 4#ce 4#ea 4#fe 4#fg 4#gj 4#dg ,yearly 4#cgf 4#cdg 4#dad 4#cdh 4#cij 4#dcg 4#dad 4#ehe 4#gbi 4#gja 4#dg aver4 ,,illinois ,,hog ,,prices4 7,prices on farms or nearest shipping point1 fifteenth of each month47 #aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag 4aiah4aiai4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january #h4aj #g4dj #e4hj #f4ij #g4gj #f4dj #f4dj #i4hjae4fjaf4bj #i4jc ,february #h4bj #g4jj #e4hj #g4ej #h4aj #f4bj #g4djaa4cjae4cjaf4cj #i4ca ,march #i4ej #f4ej #f4jj #h4aj #h4aj #f4cj #h4ijac4gjaf4cjag4jj #aj4jd ,april #i4gj #f4jj #g4aj #h4ej #h4aj #f4fj #h4hjad4ijaf4djah4dj #aj4de ,may #h4ij #f4ej #g4aj #g4hj #g4hj #g4jj #h4ijad4hjaf4fjai4aj #aj4ce ,june #h4gj #e4ej #f4ij #h4jj #g4ej #g4jj #h4hjad4fjaf4jjai4jj #aj4bj ,july #h4dj #f4jj #f4ij #h4cj #h4aj #g4aj #i4jjad4ejaf4bjbj4ej #aj4ej ,august #g4ij #f4hj #g4ej #h4bj #h4hj #f4hj #i4djae4gjag4hjbj4dj #aj4ic ,september #h4gj #f4gj #h4jj #h4aj #h4dj #g4ajaj4jjaf4ijah4ejaf4aj #aj4he ,october #h4cj #f4jj #h4cj #g4ij #g4dj #g4ej #i4ajag4jjag4ajac4fj #aj4bb ,november #g4ej #e4gj #g4bj #g4cj #g4jj #f4cj #i4ajae4hjaf4cjac4dj #i4ef ,december #g4jj #e4gj #g4jj #g4aj #f4fj #f4jj #i4ajaf4bjaf4cjab4bj #i4cb ,yearly #h4da #f4bd #f4ig #g4ha #g4hj #f4fi #h4gdad4fjaf4ecaf4he #aj4jg aver4 ,,illinois ,,beef ,,cattle ,,prices4 7,prices on farms or nearest shipping point1 fifteenth of each month47 #aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag 4aiah4aiai4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january #d4dj #d4ij #e4aj #f4aj #f4hj #f4ej #f4ej #g4ij #i4ejaa4gj #f4id ,february #e4aj #d4ij #e4aj #f4cj #g4jj #f4dj #f4ej #h4ej #i4ejaa4gj #g4aj ,march #e4jj #e4jj #e4cj #f4hj #g4jj #f4dj #g4aj #i4jjaj4ajab4aj #g4ch ,april #e4ej #e4jj #e4fj #f4hj #g4jj #f4ej #g4dj #i4fjab4jjab4ej #g4gi ,may #e4gj #d4hj #f4jj #f4ej #g4aj #f4gj #g4ej #i4fjaa4gjab4ej #g4ha ,june #e4dj #d4hj #f4aj #f4hj #g4jj #g4jj #g4hj #i4fjaa4ijaa4dj #g4gh ,july #e4bj #d4ij #f4dj #f4gj #g4jj #g4bj #g4hj #i4djaa4gjaa4ij #g4hb ,august #e4jj #e4bj #f4cj #f4gj #g4ej #g4aj #g4gj #i4djaa4cjaa4hj #g4hj ,september #e4bj #e4aj #f4ej #f4gj #g4dj #g4jj #h4jjaj4djaa4gjaj4bj #g4hb ,october #e4aj #d4hj #f4dj #f4hj #g4bj #g4jj #g4djaj4ajaa4jjaj4jj #g4eh ,november #d4ij #e4aj #f4aj #f4fj #g4aj #f4ej #g4ej #i4djaj4ejaj4jj #g4cg ,december #d4hj #e4jj #f4aj #f4ej #f4hj #f4ej #g4ej #i4gjaa4cjaj4aj #g4dc ,yearly #e4aa #d4if #e4ib #f4fa #g4jh #f4gd #g4ci #i4ciaa4jaaa4cb #g4ee aver4 ,,illinois ,,wool ,,prices4 7,prices on farms or nearest shipping point1 fifteenth of each month47 #aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag 4aiah4aiai4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january 4#bi 4#bj 4#ag 4#ba 4#af 4#bj 4#bf 4#cb 4#eh 4#ei 4#bih ,february 4#bh 4#bj 4#ah 4#ba 4#ag 4#ba 4#bf 4#cb 4#ei 4#fj 4#cjb ,march 4#bg 4#ai 4#ah 4#ba 4#ag 4#ba 4#bh 4#ce 4#fj 4#ef 4#cjb ,april 4#bd 4#ah 4#ah 4#bj 4#ag 4#bb 4#bg 4#cg 4#fj 4#ef 4#bii ,may 4#bf 4#af 4#bj 4#ag 4#ah 4#bd 4#cj 4#dd 4#fa 4#dd 4#cjj ,june 4#bb 4#ag 4#bj 4#ag 4#bj 4#bf 4#cb 4#ec 4#fa 4#ej 4#cah ,july 4#ba 4#ag 4#bj 4#ag 4#bj 4#bg 4#cb 4#ef 4#fb 4#ec 4#cbe ,august 4#bc 4#ag 4#bj 4#ag 4#bj 4#bg 4#ca 4#eg 4#fb 4#ed 4#cbh ,september 4#bj 4#ah 4#ba 4#ah 4#bj 4#bh 4#ca 4#ee 4#fa 4#ej 4#cbb ,october 4#bj 4#ag 4#bj 4#ag 4#bj 4#bg 4#cb 4#eh 4#fb 4#ea 4#cbd ,november 4#bj 4#ag 4#bj 4#af 4#ai 4#bf 4#ca 4#eh 4#fb 4#ea 4#cbj ,december 4#ba 4#ag 4#ba 4#ag 4#bj 4#bf 4#cb 4#fj 4#fa 4#ec 4#cbh ,yearly 4#bcd 4#agh 4#aid 4#ahc 4#ahg 4#bdf 4#bii 4#dha 4#fjh 4#eca 4#cad aver4 ,the price of #dd cents in ,may of #aiai is probably a mistake1 altho it is the price as reported by the ,bureau of ,crop ,estimates4 ,,illinois ,,bran ,,prices4 7,prices on farms or nearest shipping point1 fifteenth of each month47 #aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag 4aiah4aiai4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january #bc4ijbc4cjbe4hjbd4ajbe4gjbf4gjbe4ajca4i jdj4ejdh4gj #bi4eg ,february #bf4bjbc4hjbg4gjbd4ajbf4djbg4bjbe4jjcd4d jdj4hjdi4dj #cj4ej ,march #be4fjbd4jjbg4jjbc4fjbf4ejbf4ijbd4cjcg4g jdb4gjdf4gj #cj4ej ,april #be4gjbc4hjbg4hjbc4cjbg4jjbg4bjbd4djda4b jdb4djdh4jj #ca4jh ,may #be4cjbd4bjbg4hjbc4ejbf4gjbg4hjbd4fjdc4f jdb4bjdg4aj #ca4bh ,june #bd4ijbd4ajbf4ijbc4ajbf4ejbe4ijbd4djch4c jdb4ijdf4fj #cj4cf ,july #bd4djbd4jjbe4hjbc4jjbd4bjbe4ijbd4jjdj4j jdj4jjdf4hj #bi4ha ,august #bc4ejbd4cjbe4djbc4ejbf4jjbe4gjbd4fjda4i jcg4ejdh4aj #cj4je ,september#bc4bjbc4ijbe4djbe4gjbf4jjbd4g jbf4jjcg4jjch4ijdh4aj #bi4hi ,october #bb4bjbd4fjbe4ejbe4cjbe4fjbd4gjbf4hjcf4c jcg4jjdf4aj #bi4da ,november #bb4hjbd4hjbd4ejbe4bjbe4bjbd4ijcj4ejch4j jch4jjdg4jj #cj4ji ,december #bb4hjbe4djbd4ejbe4jjbd4hjbd4cjca4djda4e jch4djdg4aj #cj4eb ,yearly #bd4aabd4jhbf4jgbd4ajbe4hhbe4iibe4ibch4d hdj4aadg4dg #cj4bb aver4 ,,farm ,,prices ,,of ,,butter4 7,per pound1 average for all ,united ,states--first of each month47 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 ,january 4#bgh 4#bha 4#bhd 4#bib 4#bhg 4#bhc 4#cdj 4#dca 4#edi 4#fac ,february 4#bda 4#bij 4#bgf 4#bgd 4#bgi 4#bgf 4#cce 4#dcg 4#dif ,march 4#bbg 4#bgb 4#bge 4#bfj 4#bfh 4#bga 4#cda 4#dcd 4#dch ,april 4#bbf 4#bfa 4#bgf 4#bdi 4#beh 4#bgf 4#cce 4#djg 4#dgf ,may 4#bad 4#bfj 4#bgj 4#bch 4#beg 4#bgi 4#cfa 4#cii 4#ejc ,june 4#bjc 4#bdh 4#bee 4#bbh 4#bdh 4#bfe 4#cej 4#chf 4#dia ,july 4#bjd 4#bcd 4#bdg 4#bbi 4#bdb 4#beg 4#cce 4#chb 4#dgb ,august 4#bag 4#bcg 4#bdi 4#bcg 4#bdb 4#bfa 4#cdj 4#cig 4#dhb ,september 4#bca 4#bdb 4#bei 4#bec 4#bde 4#bgd 4#cfa 4#dad 4#dig ,october 4#bch 4#bef 4#bge 4#bfj 4#bec 4#bij 4#chi 4#dgb 4#eae ,november 4#beb 4#bfi 4#bhb 4#bfc 4#bfd 4#caa 4#dji 4#dig 4#efj ,december 4#bgd 4#bhh 4#bib 4#bhd 4#bgf 4#cdd 4#dai 4#ebg 4#fjj ,,farm ,,prices ,,of ,,eggs4 7,per dozen1 average of all ,united ,states--first of each month47 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 ,january 4#cjd 4#bie 4#bfh 4#cjg 4#caf 4#cjf 4#cgg 4#dfc 4#egb 4#fdh ,february 4#bba 4#bia 4#bbh 4#bhd 4#bib 4#bfh 4#ceh 4#did 4#dhc ,march 4#afe 4#bde 4#aid 4#bdb 4#bac 4#bab 4#cch 4#djd 4#cca ,april 4#adi 4#agh 4#afd 4#agf 4#aff 4#agi 4#bei 4#cab 4#cdc ,may 4#adg 4#aga 4#afa 4#afh 4#aga 4#aha 4#cjj 4#caj 4#cfh ,june 4#ade 4#afg 4#afi 4#agc 4#aff 4#aij 4#caa 4#bih 4#chf ,july 4#adb 4#afg 4#agj 4#agf 4#afh 4#aig 4#bhc 4#cjg 4#cfh ,august 4#aee 4#agd 4#agb 4#ahb 4#agj 4#bjg 4#bih 4#cdd 4#cic ,september 4#agd 4#aia 4#aie 4#baj 4#ahg 4#bcc 4#ccb 4#cfd 4#daj ,october 4#bjj 4#bbj 4#bcd 4#bce 4#bbc 4#bha 4#cgd 4#daf 4#ddg ,november 4#bce 4#bei 4#bgd 4#bec 4#bfc 4#cbb 4#cid 4#dgb 4#edj ,december 4#bhg 4#big 4#ccj 4#big 4#cjf 4#cha 4#dcc 4#eej 4#fai ,,farm ,,prices ,,of ,,potatoes4 7,per bushel1 average of all ,united ,states--first of each month47 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 ,january 4#eda 4#hde 4#ejf 4#fhd 4#dig 4#gjf #a4dgc #a4baj #a4afa #a4ghf ,february 4#eea 4#idd 4#eca 4#fig 4#ejd 4#hhj #a4gbd #a4bbi #a4add ,march 4#eec #a4jbj 4#ebj 4#gjg 4#ejd 4#idd #b4djg #a4bjc #a4jid ,april 4#eee #a4aga 4#ejc 4#gjj 4#dgh 4#igf #b4cdg 4#ibf #a4jed ,may 4#fbe #a4bgc 4#dhb 4#gad 4#eje 4#idh #b4gif 4#hja #a4ahi ,june 4#fcc #a4aig 4#eeb 4#gac 4#ejh 4#ihh #b4gdj 4#gee #a4bad ,july 4#ifc #a4jcf 4#dih 4#hae 4#eba #a4jbc #b4dgi 4#idi #a4bhd ,august #a4cfj 4#hfe 4#fib 4#hga 4#efc 4#ied #a4gjh #a4daf #a4ibh ,september #a4acg 4#fej 4#gec 4#gdi 4#eje #a4jic #a4cia #a4dhh #a4hge ,october 4#hhc 4#eaa 4#gci 4#fdg 4#dhh #a4abj #a4bba #a4dcf #a4fdb ,november 4#gfc 4#dee 4#fif 4#ebh 4#fjh #a4ceg #a4bgh #a4bgb #a4ebh ,december 4#gii 4#eje 4#fhg 4#dhg 4#fag #a4dfa #a4bbh #a4aib #a4fad ,,retail ,,prices ,,of ,,sirloin4 7,per pound--fifteenth of each month47 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 ,january 4#bjb 4#bjg 4#bch 4#bej 4#bec 4#bef 4#bgf 4#cbf 4#daj 4#dje ,february 4#bjb 4#bjg 4#bch 4#bej 4#bdh 4#bef 4#bhf 4#cca 4#daj ,march 4#bjb 4#bac 4#bde 4#bec 4#bde 4#bfc 4#bic 4#ccf 4#dag ,april 4#bjb 4#bbj 4#bef 4#bec 4#bej 4#bfh 4#caf 4#cfd 4#dce ,may 4#bjd 4#bce 4#bef 4#beh 4#bef 4#bgf 4#cba 4#cig 4#ddc ,june 4#bjd 4#bdj 4#beh 4#bfa 4#bfa 4#bhf 4#cbf 4#dbe 4#dcj ,july 4#bjg 4#bdc 4#bfc 4#bfh 4#bff 4#bhf 4#cbf 4#dbj 4#dcc ,august 4#bjg 4#bde 4#bfc 4#bgh 4#bfc 4#bhc 4#cbi 4#dab 4#dbj ,september 4#bjd 4#bdc 4#bfa 4#bga 4#bfc 4#bha 4#cca 4#dae 4#dji ,october 4#bjb 4#bdj 4#bef 4#bfa 4#bfa 4#bgc 4#cbi 4#djg 4#cih ,november 4#bjb 4#bce 4#bec 4#bec 4#bef 4#bfh 4#cad 4#djb 4#cic ,december 4#bjb 4#bcc 4#bej 4#bef 4#bej 4#bfh 4#cai 4#djb 4#cia ,,retail ,,prices ,,of ,,round ,,steak4 7,per pound--fifteenth of each month47 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 ,january 4#agb 4#agg 4#bjc 4#bbe 4#bbe 4#bbe 4#bde 4#cjc 4#chg 4#cgj ,february 4#agb 4#agg 4#bjf 4#bbe 4#bba 4#bbe 4#bei 4#cab 4#che ,march 4#age 4#agi 4#bab 4#bbh 4#bai 4#bcj 4#bfc 4#caf 4#cia ,april 4#age 4#ahh 4#bai 4#bbh 4#bba 4#bci 4#bhg 4#cdc 4#djb ,may 4#age 4#bja 4#bba 4#bcb 4#bbh 4#bdh 4#bid 4#cgf 4#dac ,june 4#agg 4#bjf 4#bbc 4#bcd 4#bcb 4#bei 4#bih 4#djb 4#djj ,july 4#agg 4#bjf 4#bcj 4#bda 4#bcf 4#bef 4#cjc 4#djj 4#djd ,august 4#agg 4#baj 4#bcj 4#bej 4#bcf 4#bed 4#cje 4#cic 4#cia ,september 4#agj 4#bjf 4#bcj 4#bdc 4#bcd 4#bed 4#bid 4#cic 4#cgi ,october 4#age 4#bjc 4#bcj 4#bcf 4#bcj 4#bde 4#cje 4#chg 4#cfi ,november 4#agb 4#aii 4#bbe 4#bcb 4#bbe 4#bci 4#bid 4#chb 4#cfb ,december 4#agb 4#aii 4#bbc 4#bbh 4#bbc 4#bcf 4#bif 4#cgh 4#cei ,,retail ,,prices ,,of ,,rib ,,roasts4 7,per pound--fifteenth of each month47 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 ,january 4#aff 4#afh 4#ahh 4#aih 4#bjj 4#bjj 4#baf 4#beg 4#cbg 4#cad ,february 4#afh 4#agj 4#ahh 4#bjj 4#aih 4#bjb 4#bbf 4#bfc 4#cbg ,march 4#afh 4#agb 4#aid 4#bjj 4#aif 4#bjf 4#bcd 4#bfg 4#cce ,april 4#agj 4#ahj 4#bjj 4#bjb 4#aih 4#baj 4#bea 4#bic 4#cdg ,may 4#afh 4#aib 4#bjj 4#bjb 4#bjj 4#bah 4#beg 4#cai 4#ceb ,june 4#afh 4#aif 4#bjb 4#bjd 4#bjd 4#bbd 4#bfa 4#cce 4#cci ,july 4#afh 4#aid 4#bjb 4#bjh 4#bjf 4#bbb 4#beg 4#ccc 4#cbe ,august 4#afh 4#aif 4#bjb 4#bad 4#bjf 4#bbj 4#bee 4#cbg 4#cab ,september 4#afh 4#aib 4#bjj 4#bjh 4#bjd 4#bah 4#bei 4#cbg 4#cab ,october 4#afh 4#aij 4#bjj 4#bjf 4#bjb 4#bad 4#beg 4#cbc 4#cjf ,november 4#aff 4#ahh 4#aih 4#bjd 4#bjj 4#baj 4#bea 4#cba 4#cjb ,december 4#aff 4#ahd 4#aih 4#bjj 4#aih 4#baj 4#bec 4#cai 4#cjc ,,retail ,,prices ,,of ,,pork ,,chops4 7,per pound--fifteenth of each month47 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 ,january 4#ahd 4#aga 4#ahh 4#bji 4#ahf 4#ahh 4#bch 4#cdd 4#djg 4#cgc ,february 4#aha 4#afb 4#aij 4#baa 4#agi 4#aid 4#bfd 4#cch 4#chj ,march 4#aha 4#agc 4#bje 4#baa 4#agi 4#bai 4#bha 4#cdj 4#chh ,april 4#age 4#aib 4#bag 4#bag 4#aih 4#bbf 4#cjh 4#cei 4#daf ,may 4#age 4#aid 4#baa 4#bbd 4#bji 4#bcj 4#cjh 4#cfi 4#dcc ,june 4#age 4#aib 4#bji 4#bag 4#bjg 4#bcb 4#cab 4#cgg 4#dbf ,july 4#agi 4#aid 4#bag 4#bbd 4#baa 4#bcd 4#cai 4#chj 4#dfd ,august 4#aij 4#baa 4#bai 4#bea 4#bag 4#bde 4#cdf 4#dbd 4#dga ,september 4#aib 4#bbb 4#bbh 4#bch 4#bbf 4#bfd 4#cij 4#dfd 4#dfj ,october 4#ahh 4#bbb 4#bbf 4#bcb 4#bcb 4#bdi 4#cij 4#def 4#ddc ,november 4#afi 4#aif 4#bae 4#bai 4#bji 4#bcd 4#cdh 4#dce 4#dba ,december 4#afb 4#aha 4#bje 4#aif 4#ahd 4#bbd 4#cdj 4#daf 4#cha ,,retail ,,prices ,,of ,,bacon4 7,per pound--fifteenth of each month47 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 ,january 4#beg 4#bce 4#beg 4#bfh 4#bgf 4#bgf 4#cjj 4#dia 4#eib 4#ejd ,february 4#bed 4#bcb 4#bei 4#bfh 4#bgj 4#bgf 4#caa 4#dhi 4#efj ,march 4#bea 4#bcb 4#bfe 4#bgj 4#bfh 4#bha 4#ccf 4#did 4#eed ,april 4#bdh 4#bdj 4#bgj 4#bgj 4#bfh 4#bhd 4#che 4#ejj 4#egi ,may 4#bdh 4#bdc 4#bgc 4#bgj 4#bfh 4#bhg 4#dbc 4#eaa 4#egc ,june 4#bdh 4#bdf 4#bgf 4#bgc 4#bgj 4#bib 4#dca 4#eba 4#egi ,july 4#bea 4#bdf 4#bhd 4#bgf 4#bgc 4#bib 4#dcd 4#ecj 4#ehg ,august 4#bed 4#bdh 4#bhg 4#bib 4#bgc 4#bie 4#dcg 4#edf 4#ehd ,september 4#bea 4#beg 4#bhd 4#bie 4#bgc 4#cjj 4#ddh 4#efh 4#eef ,october 4#bdh 4#bfe 4#bha 4#bhi 4#bgf 4#cjj 4#dhf 4#ehd 4#ebh ,november 4#bdj 4#bfe 4#bgf 4#bhd 4#bgf 4#cjc 4#dhi 4#eij 4#eaj ,december 4#bch 4#bfb 4#bgj 4#bha 4#bgf 4#cjj 4#did 4#eib 4#ejc ,,retail ,,prices ,,of ,,ham4 7,per pound--fifteenth of each month47 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 ,january 4#bcf 4#bca 4#bdg 4#bfj 4#bfa 4#bfi 4#cjc 4#dca 4#ebi 4#ejc ,february 4#bcf 4#bbi 4#bej 4#bfc 4#bee 4#bga 4#cad 4#dcd 4#eac ,march 4#bcd 4#bbi 4#beh 4#bfc 4#bec 4#bgg 4#ccc 4#dcf 4#ejh ,april 4#bcd 4#bcg 4#bfc 4#bfc 4#bej 4#bhe 4#cfb 4#ddb 4#ebd ,may 4#bcd 4#bci 4#bfc 4#bfc 4#bec 4#bij 4#chc 4#deb 4#ebd ,june 4#bci 4#bdb 4#bga 4#bff 4#beh 4#bic 4#chf 4#dfj 4#ede ,july 4#bde 4#bde 4#bgg 4#bgd 4#bfa 4#bie 4#cia 4#dha 4#efa ,august 4#bdg 4#bde 4#bhb 4#bhg 4#bfa 4#bie 4#cia 4#dgi 4#efd ,september 4#bde 4#bdg 4#bgg 4#bhg 4#beh 4#cjc 4#djd 4#eac 4#eeb ,october 4#bci 4#bej 4#bga 4#bgi 4#bfc 4#cjc 4#dbc 4#eac 4#ebd ,november 4#bcd 4#bej 4#bff 4#bga 4#bff 4#cjc 4#dbc 4#eai 4#eje ,december 4#bca 4#bdg 4#bfc 4#bff 4#bff 4#cjc 4#dbh 4#ebg 4#dii ,,retail ,,prices ,,of ,,lard4 7,per pound--fifteenth of each month47 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 ,january 4#aee 4#acf 4#aec 4#aeh 4#aec 4#adg 4#bae 4#cbi 4#ccc 4#cdj ,february 4#aee 4#acf 4#aee 4#aef 4#aec 4#adi 4#bah 4#ccj 4#cba ,march 4#ade 4#acf 4#aef 4#aef 4#aeb 4#aeb 4#bci 4#ccb 4#ccc ,april 4#aci 4#ada 4#aeh 4#aef 4#aeb 4#aeh 4#bfd 4#ccj 4#ceb ,may 4#acf 4#adg 4#aeh 4#aee 4#aeb 4#afg 4#bgh 4#cbi 4#chi ,june 4#acd 4#adi 4#aeh 4#aec 4#aej 4#aga 4#bhj 4#cbe 4#dja ,july 4#acc 4#adi 4#afj 4#aec 4#adg 4#agd 4#bge 4#cbe 4#dbj ,august 4#acd 4#aej 4#afa 4#aef 4#ada 4#age 4#bgh 4#ccj 4#dbj ,september 4#acg 4#aee 4#afa 4#aef 4#aci 4#ahf 4#big 4#ccg 4#chb ,october 4#acg 4#afj 4#afj 4#aee 4#add 4#aid 4#cac 4#cda 4#cfa ,november 4#acg 4#afj 4#afj 4#aef 4#ade 4#bac 4#cbg 4#cda 4#cfd ,december 4#acf 4#aeh 4#aih 4#aec 4#ade 4#baf 4#ccc 4#cda 4#cdi ,,retail ,,prices ,,of ,,wheat ,,flour4 7,per eighth barrel--fifteenth of each month47 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 ,january 4#hce 4#hbg 4#hjc 4#ghg 4#iif 4#ifd #a4cgc #a4fad #a4fjf #a4ifh ,february 4#hai 4#hce 4#hjc 4#gie #a4ajh #a4jjd #a4cgc #a4fad #a4fcj ,march 4#haa 4#hce 4#hjc 4#gie #a4jib 4#ifd #a4cig #a4fad #a4eed ,april 4#hjc 4#hdc 4#hjc 4#gie #a4ajj 4#ief #a4fed #a4fad #a4gea ,may 4#hjc 4#hge 4#haa 4#gie #a4aaf 4#ief #b4acf #a4fad #a4hbc ,june 4#hjc 4#hhc 4#haa 4#gie #a4jdd 4#idj #a4ige #a4fcj #a4hbc ,july 4#hjc 4#hge 4#haa 4#ghg #a4jjd 4#ica #a4gfg #a4fcj #a4hbc ,august 4#haa 4#hei 4#hjc 4#hea 4#iif #a4jgf #a4hci #a4fed #a4gii ,september 4#haa 4#hdc 4#hjc 4#ijg 4#idj #a4ahh #a4gia #a4fed #a4gge ,october 4#hbg 4#hbg 4#gie 4#hia 4#ijg #a4bde #a4gah #a4fcj #a4gge ,november 4#hbg 4#hai 4#gie 4#hii 4#ijg #a4cig #a4fgj #a4fcj #a4gii ,december 4#hbg 4#hjc 4#gie 4#ijg 4#iae #a4cda #a4fdf #a4fcj #a4hga ,,retail ,,prices ,,of ,,corn ,,meal4 7,per pound--fifteenth of each month47 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 ,january 4#bgj 4#bhd 4#bhg 4#cjb 4#caf 4#caj 4#chc 4#fgf 4#fjj 4#ffj ,february 4#bgj 4#bhd 4#bhd 4#bii 4#cai 4#cac 4#cid 4#fgf 4#ehj ,march 4#bfg 4#bhd 4#bhd 4#bii 4#cai 4#caj 4#cig 4#fif 4#egd ,april 4#bgj 4#bij 4#bhd 4#bii 4#caf 4#cac 4#ddg 4#fhg 4#ehj ,may 4#bgj 4#bii 4#bhd 4#bii 4#caf 4#cac 4#eaf 4#fgf 4#fjj ,june 4#bgj 4#cjb 4#bhd 4#bii 4#caf 4#cac 4#ebh 4#fdg 4#fji ,july 4#bgc 4#cjb 4#bhd 4#bii 4#cac 4#cac 4#eff 4#fcg 4#fbi ,august 4#bgf 4#cjb 4#bij 4#cje 4#cac 4#cai 4#fce 4#feh 4#fch ,september 4#bgh 4#cjb 4#bif 4#caf 4#cac 4#cbh 4#ghi 4#ffg 4#fgj ,october 4#bha 4#cje 4#bii 4#caf 4#cac 4#cci 4#fgc 4#feh 4#ffj ,november 4#bha 4#bii 4#cjb 4#caf 4#caj 4#cfe 4#fhb 4#fbi 4#ffj ,december 4#bha 4#bij 4#cjb 4#caj 4#caj 4#chj 4#fhb 4#fah 4#ffj ,,retail ,,prices ,,of ,,eggs4 7,per dozen--fifteenth of each month47 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 ,january 4#cih 4#dbi 4#cfe 4#dbe 4#dcf 4#dae 4#ecd 4#fei 4#gcg ,february 4#caf 4#cib 4#cji 4#ceh 4#cca 4#cda 4#dif 4#eih 4#dig ,march 4#bfg 4#bfi 4#bei 4#cjc 4#bdf 4#bgg 4#cda 4#dcb 4#dgc ,april 4#bdc 4#beh 4#bdg 4#bej 4#bec 4#bfg 4#cgh 4#dae 4#dhc ,may 4#bci 4#bec 4#beh 4#bfb 4#bef 4#bgg 4#cib 4#dae 4#eba ,june 4#bdb 4#bei 4#bgc 4#bgf 4#bfc 4#bid 4#djb 4#dae 4#ebd ,july 4#bfa 4#bgh 4#bib 4#bif 4#bgc 4#cad 4#dab 4#dgi 4#eed ,august 4#bhf 4#cjc 4#cbc 4#cbf 4#big 4#ced 4#deb 4#ebc 4#ehh ,september 4#cag 4#cda 4#cfh 4#cfa 4#cda 4#dje 4#eac 4#egd 4#fai ,october 4#cee 4#chb 4#djh 4#cha 4#cie 4#ddf 4#edj 4#fbh 4#gjf ,november 4#dbf 4#dci 4#dhf 4#ddb 4#ddi 4#ejc 4#ehg 4#gbg 4#gid ,december 4#ddc 4#dab 4#dff 4#dfi 4#def 4#ebj 4#fba 4#gid ,,retail ,,prices ,,of ,,butter4 7,per pound--fifteenth of each month47 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 ,january 4#cfe 4#dca 4#daa 4#djj 4#chh 4#chf 4#ded 4#efi 4#gjh ,february 4#cdc 4#djj 4#dae 4#cfj 4#cgg 4#cha 4#dfi 4#eha 4#egd ,march 4#ccj 4#cga 4#dae 4#ceb 4#cfa 4#djd 4#dfe 4#eed 4#fgj ,april 4#cjc 4#cgh 4#djh 4#cca 4#cfa 4#dae 4#eab 4#ejh 4#gaf ,may 4#bif 4#cfg 4#cfa 4#cbh 4#cej 4#cgc 4#dfi 4#eab 4#fha ,june 4#bih 4#cdj 4#cec 4#ccg 4#cdf 4#cfe 4#dgc 4#eab 4#fce ,july 4#cjh 4#cch 4#cej 4#cdc 4#cdf 4#ceh 4#dfb 4#ebg 4#fca ,august 4#cbh 4#cdb 4#cef 4#cfc 4#cch 4#cfe 4#dgg 4#edb 4#fdc ,september 4#cfj 4#cgi 4#cgi 4#cgi 4#cch 4#cib 4#dif 4#eif 4#ffb ,october 4#cei 4#cgg 4#chd 4#cgh 4#ced 4#dai 4#eab 4#fed 4#gaf ,november 4#che 4#cib 4#chh 4#cif 4#cfe 4#dch 4#eca 4#fgj 4#geh ,december 4#daa 4#dae 4#djj 4#cif 4#chh 4#ded 4#edf 4#gca ,,retail ,,prices ,,of ,,milk4 7,per quart--fifteenth of each month47 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 ,january 4#jhh 4#jhh 4#jia 4#jib 4#jia 4#jia 4#ajb 4#acg 4#afj ,february 4#jhh 4#jhh 4#jia 4#jib 4#jia 4#jia 4#ajb 4#acg 4#aeh ,march 4#jhh 4#jhh 4#jia 4#jib 4#jij 4#jia 4#ajb 4#acg 4#aea ,april 4#jhg 4#jhh 4#jij 4#jia 4#jij 4#jij 4#ajd 4#ace 4#aed ,may 4#jhe 4#jhh 4#jij 4#jia 4#jij 4#jij 4#ajg 4#ace 4#aeb ,june 4#jhe 4#jhh 4#jij 4#jij 4#jij 4#jij 4#ajh 4#acb 4#aed ,july 4#jhe 4#jhh 4#jij 4#jij 4#jij 4#jia 4#aad 4#acf 4#aed ,august 4#jhe 4#jhh 4#jij 4#jia 4#jij 4#jia 4#aag 4#adj 4#aei ,september 4#jhf 4#jhh 4#jia 4#jia 4#jij 4#jib 4#abj 4#adf 4#afj ,october 4#jhg 4#jij 4#jia 4#jia 4#jia 4#jie 4#acj 4#aea 4#afd ,november 4#jhh 4#jia 4#jib 4#jia 4#jia 4#jii 4#aca 4#aeh 4#afg ,december 4#jhh 4#jia 4#jib 4#jia 4#jia 4#aja 4#acd 4#afj ,,retail ,,prices ,,of ,,potatoes4 7,per peck--fifteenth of each month47 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 ,january 4#bei 4#cgh 4#bcf 4#bhj 4#bbj 4#ceb 4#ehc 4#dhf 4#dhg ,february 4#bei 4#cic 4#bcd 4#bhj 4#bah 4#cfe 4#dib 4#dhf 4#dga ,march 4#bei 4#dbb 4#bbh 4#bgg 4#bab 4#cfc 4#gfi 4#chj 4#ddc ,april 4#bge 4#dfh 4#bbf 4#bgb 4#bbb 4#ccb 4#hgh 4#ccd 4#dga ,may 4#cac 4#dch 4#bcg 4#bij 4#bcj 4#cfc 4#iab 4#ccd 4#ejb ,june 4#dbg 4#dch 4#bfi 4#cda 4#bef 4#dcc 4#idh 4#ddb 4#ehj ,july 4#eaj 4#cbi 4#bhe 4#dja 4#bbj 4#cdg 4#fcg 4#eic 4#gcj ,august 4#dbj 4#bhg 4#bhb 4#bhg 4#bab 4#cfe 4#ecd 4#eic 4#gfa ,september 4#ceg 4#bdf 4#bhe 4#bga 4#bjd 4#dag 4#dde 4#eic 4#fee ,october 4#caa 4#bce 4#bgd 4#bcj 4#bdc 4#dbg 4#dfa 4#ecd 4#ehj ,november 4#cah 4#bcb 4#bgg 4#bad 4#bea 4#eac 4#dgd 4#ejb 4#eic ,december 4#cci 4#bei 4#bge 4#bag 4#bge 4#eac 4#dfa 4#dhg ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,packers' ,,chicago ,,ham ,,prices4#af 7,no4 #a ,reg41 ,smoked1 #af pounds47 7,per hundredweight7 #aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag 4aiah4aiai4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january #ad4hjac4gjab4gjae4bjae4cjad4gjaf4bjai4g jcj4jjcg4jj #ah4ic ,february #ae4fjac4gjab4gjae4ejae4cjac4gjaf4bjbj4e jcj4ejcd4jj #ah4gg ,march #ag4fjab4jjac4cjae4hjae4bjac4cjag4cjbb4e jcj4ejce4ej #ai4cj ,april #ag4fjaa4ijac4djaf4ejad4hjac4jjah4jjbe4j jca4ejcg4ej #ai4ib ,may #af4hjac4ejac4djag4jjad4hjad4jjah4bjbe4c jca4ejch4ej #bj4cj ,june #ag4bjad4ejac4djag4fjaf4fjad4gjag4gjbe4c jcj4jjch4ej #bj4ee ,july #ag4bjae4cjac4ejag4hjaf4fjad4gjag4gjbe4c jca4jjci4jj #bj4ia ,august #ae4fjae4cjad4ejag4hjah4bjad4ajah4ejbd4e jcc4beci4jj #ba4jg ,september#ae4djae4jjad4gjag4jjah4cjad4a jah4gjbf4cjcc4becg4jj #bj4ig ,october #ae4bjad4jjae4djaf4jjaf4cjae4gjai4cjbh4c jcd4ejcc4ej #bj4hb ,november #ad4cjac4jjae4bjae4ajae4jjae4gjai4djbh4j jcg4jjbi4be #bj4ai ,december #ac4gjac4jjae4bjae4ajae4jjae4gjai4fjbh4j jcg4ejbi4be #bj4bj ,yearly #ae4ibac4gdac4ieaf4cgae4iead4deah4jgbd4h icb4edce4ff #bj4ae aver4 ,,packers' ,,chicago ,,bacon ,,prices4#ag 7,no4 #a ,bacon1 smoked1 #aj-ab pounds47 7,per hundredweight7 #aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae4aiaf4aiag 4aiah4aiai4,ten-yr4 av4 ,january #af4cjag4jjab4ejaf4cjaf4bjag4bjae4djba4j jcf4ejdd4jj #ba4bd ,february #ag4jjaf4djab4ejag4jjag4jjaf4cjaf4djbc4e jcg4jjch4ej #ba4af ,march #bj4bjae4djad4bjag4ejag4bjae4cjah4ejbf4d jch4ejdj4jj #bb4cb ,april #bj4ajae4cjad4gjag4hjag4bjae4jjai4gjcj4f jci4ejdj4jj #bb4ii ,may #bj4jjae4cjad4gjah4gjag4bjae4fjai4gjcc4c jci4beda4ej #bc4eb ,june #ba4ejae4cjad4hjah4gjag4gjaf4fjai4ajcc4c jci4jjda4ej #bc4ge ,july #ba4ejae4cjad4hjah4gjah4fjaf4fjai4jjca4b jci4jjda4jj #bc4eg ,august #ai4gjae4ejae4gjah4gjbj4djaf4bjai4jjcc4e jdb4ejda4jj #bd4bb ,september#bj4hjae4ejaf4cjag4fjbj4djag4j jai4ajce4gjdb4ejcg4ej #bd4bd ,october #bj4hjad4bjag4ejag4bjbj4cjag4gjai4ajcf4g jde4ejce4ej #bd4de ,november #bj4hjac4gjag4ejag4jjai4gjag4gjai4ajce4e jdg4jjcc4jj #bd4aj ,december #ah4jjac4djag4jjag4ajai4jjaf4gjai4jjce4d jdg4ejcc4jj #bc4fa ,yearly #ai4gbae4aiae4aiag4fiah4daaf4diah4eica4c dda4aech4hg #bc4bf aver4 ,,prices ,,of ,,cottonseed ,,meal ,,at ,,memphis4 7,per ton1 in car lots7 #aijh4aiji4aiaj4aiaa4aiab4aiac4aiad4aiae 4aiaf4aiag4 #aiah4 ,january #bb4ejbc4ejbi4fcbd4acbd4bebe4chbf4ejbd4b ecb4gecg4ej #df4ej ,february #bb4ejbc4fcbi4ejbc4bebe4acbd4hhbf4acbg4b ebi4jjcf4be #df4ej ,march #bb4fcbd4bebh4ejbc4chbf4jjbe4acbf4gebf4h hbh4chce4ge #df4ej ,april #bc4bebf4bebh4jjbc4hhbg4bebf4gebg4gebf4h hbh4hgch4jj #df4ej ,may #bc4chbg4ejbg4acbc4hhbh4jjbh4jjbg4gebe4g ebh4abdj4ej #df4ej ,june #bc4gebh4ejbg4acbd4ejbg4jjbh4gebg4ejbe4j jbf4gedj4ej #df4ej ,july #bd4jjbi4jjbf4ejbe4chbf4gecj4fcbg4bebe4f cbf4gedb4jj #df4ej ,august #bd4ejbh4bebf4jjbf4ejbf4geca4gebh4jjbe4g ebh4gedd4jj #df4ej ,september#bd4jjbg4ejbe4gebe4jjbe4jjbg4b ebc4gebg4accj4gedb4jj #df4ej ,october #bc4gebg4chbe4bebd4fcbd4chbg4acbb4gecj4g ece4bedd4jj #df4ej ,november #bc4fcbh4ejbd4chbd4fcbd4fcbg4chbb4chcb4j jci4bedg4jj ,december #bc4fcbh4ejbd4chbd4chbe4gebg4bebc4gecc4g eci4jjdf4ej ,previous to ,february1 #aiaf1 the price is for #da per cent protein meal4 ,from ,february1 #aiaf1 to ,november1 #aiag1 the price is for #ch4e per cent protein meal1 and from ,december1 #aiag1 on1 the price is the government fixed price for #cf per cent protein meal4 ,quotations are averages of high and low for month1 taken from the ,news-,scimitar of ,memphis4 ,,average ,,prices ,,of ,,mill-,,feeds1 #aijh-aiae4 7,per ton7 #da per ct4 ,cottonseed ,oil meal at ,hominy feed at ,bran at ,brown protein meal at ,milwaukee4#ah,milwaukee4#ah,milwaukee4# ah middlings at cottonseed,milwaukee4#ah ,milwaukee4#ah meal at ,memphis4 ,january #be4jj #bi4gf #cc4db #bf4jf #bc4bj #bc4ca ,february #be4bh #bi4dd #cc4fj #be4ej #bc4ci #bc4ad ,march #be4dd #bi4ad #cb4ae #bd4fa #bc4cb #bc4ji ,april #bf4be #bi4di #ca4je #bd4eb #bb4hh #bc4jh ,may #bf4db #cj4ij #cj4fd #bd4ic #bb4cg #bc4be ,june #bf4eb #bi4ed #cj4fg #be4bj #bj4eg #bb4fh ,july #bf4ie #cj4je #ca4gg #be4da #bj4ff #bc4bj ,august #bg4ai #bi4gd #cb4hf #bf4ge #ba4de #bc4if ,september #be4fg #bi4ai #cc4cc #bg4df #ba4bd #bb4if ,october #be4ge #bi4hb #cb4fb #be4ha #bj4eh #bb4aa ,november #be4id #cj4je #cc4ji #bd4eb #ba4ha #ba4dc ,december #bf4db #cj4bj #cc4ca #be4df #ba4fh #ba4hj ,yearly #bf4jf #bi4gd #cb4ch #be4ec #ba4ic #bb4hc aver4 ,,bran ,,at ,,minneapolis4 7,per ton7 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 ,jan4 #ae4chag4fcba4bebj4chbb4ejba4fcbc4hhai4j jba4ejbb4ej ,feb4 #ae4be #ah4fh #ba4ej #bb4ac #bb4jj #bj4ge #be4jj #ah4be #bb4ch #bb4be ,mar4 #ad4hh #ah4hh #bb4fc #bb4ac #bj4be #bj4fc #bd4ej #af4ej #bd4jj #bj4fc ,apr4 #af4ac #ag4hh #bb4ej #bb4ej #ah4ch #ba4ge #bd4ch #ae4hh #bc4be #ba4fc ,may #af4be #ah4be #bb4ge #bc4ge #ag4ch #bj4fc #bb4ge #af4fc #ba4fc #ai4ge ,june #ae4ch #ag4hh #bj4fc #ba4fc #af4be #ai4jj #bj4be #af4ge #ai4ge #ai4ge ,july #ad4ac #ag4ch #bj4jj #bj4be #ah4ge #ai4be #bj4jj #af4ej #ah4ej #bj4ch ,aug4 #ac4fc #ai4ac #ai4hh #ai4ac #ai4ac #bj4ac #ai4jj #ai4be #ba4ac #ai4fc ,sep4 #ad4hh #ba4ej #ai4hh #ai4ac #ah4ac #bj4ge #ai4jj #bj4fc #bj4ej #ah4ac ,oct4 #af4ch #bc4be #ai4ej #ah4hh #ag4ch #ba4ch #ah4fc #ai4ac #ah4hh #ag4ge ,nov4 #ag4hh #ba4jj #ai4ej #ai4be #ah4hh #ba4hh #ag4ge #ai4ej #bj4fc #ah4be ,dec4 #ag4hj #bj4ch #ai4ej #bj4fc #bj4be #bb4cc #ah4be #bj4be #bj4hh #ah4ej #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 #aibc4 #aibd4 #aibe4 ,jan4 #ai4acbh4ejcd4jjde4be ,feb4 #ai4be #cb4jj #cf4be #ch4ej ,mar4 #ag4fc #ce4jj #cf4jj #cg4bj ,apr4 #ah4be #ch4be #cc4be #ch4jj ,may #ah4fc #cf4ej #ca4ch #cf4jj ,june #ah4ac #be4ej #ca4ch #cd4be ,july #ag4hh #cc4be #bi4bc #ci4ge ,aug4 #ai4hh #ca4ge #bi4gc #da4be ,sep4 #ba4ej #bi4ej #bi4ae #ch4be ,oct4 #be4jj #cj4ej #bh4ij #cg4jj ,nov4 #bf4fc #cd4ch #bh4ci #ch4jj ,dec4 #be4ch #cf4be #cg4hg #da4jj ,jan4 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,dun's index number4 month without board4 #ahfj 4#da 4#ig #ahfa 4#da 4#he #ahfb 4#dc 4#ii #ahfc 4#di #a4dd #ahfd 4#ee #b4cc #ahfe 4#fa #a4fb #ahff 4#fd 4#hi #a4gc #ahfg 4#fg #a4eh #ahfh 4#fh #a4ec #ahfi 4#fh 4#he #a4ch #ahgj 4#fh #a4bd #ahga 4#fh #a4bg #ahgb 4#fh #a4bf #ahgc 4#fh #a4ai #ahgd 4#fg #a4ai #ahge 4#fe 4#ff #a4ac #ahgf 4#fb 4#ig #ahgg 4#ei 4#ib #ahgh 4#eh 4#hj #ahgi 4#eg 4#ed 4#ha #ahhj 4#ei 4#ia #ahha 4#fb 4#id #ahhb 4#fc 4#fc #a4jb #ahhc 4#fe 4#hi #ahhd 4#fd 4#hc #ahhe 4#fd 4#fj 4#gf #ahhf 4#fd 4#gd #ahhg 4#fd 4#gh #ahhh 4#fe 4#fj 4#gi #ahhi 4#fg 4#ge #ahij 4#fi 4#fa 4#gg #ahia 4#fi 4#hj #ahib 4#fi 4#fa 4#ge #ahic 4#fi 4#fc 4#gf #ahid 4#fg 4#eh 4#fi #ahie 4#fg 4#eh 4#fi #ahif 4#fi 4#fb #ahig 4#fi 4#fj #ahih 4#fi 4#fd 4#fe #ahii 4#gj 4#fg 4#ga #aijj 4#gc 4#gf #aija 4#gc 4#gg #aijb 4#gg 4#gc 4#he #aijc 4#hj 4#hc #aijd 4#hj 4#ha #aije 4#hb 4#hb #aijf 4#he 4#hh #aijg 4#hi 4#ie #aijh 4#hi 4#ij #aiji 4#ij 4#ii #aiaj 4#ic 4#ia 4#ii #aiaa 4#ie 4#ie 4#ih #aiab 4#ig 4#ih #a4jb #aiac 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#af4jj #bj4jj #ab4jj #ad4jj #aa4jj #aj4jj #ac4jj ,oct4 #ab4jj #i4ej #ab4ej #ag4jj #ah4ej #ab4jj #ae4jj #aa4be #aj4jj #ac4be ,nov4 #aj4jj #ab4jj #ad4jj #bb4jj #ah4jj #ab4ej #ae4jj #aa4jj #aj4jj #ad4jj ,dec4 #i4be #ac4ej #ad4ej #bb4jj #ae4jj #ac4jj #ad4jj #aa4jj #i4ej #ac4ej 7,no4 #b foundry1 per ton1 at ,birmingham1 first of month47 ,compiled from ,bradstreet's ,journal1 by the ,babson ,statistical ,organization4 #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #ad4jjaj4ej #i4ejae4jjbc4jjcc4jjca4jj ,feb4 #ac4ej #aj4ej #i4ej #ae4jj #bd4jj #cc4jj #ca4jj ,mar4 #ac4jj #aj4ge #i4ej #ae4jj #bf4jj #cc4jj #ca4jj ,apr4 #ac4jj #aj4ej #i4be #ae4jj #cc4jj #cc4jj #bf4ge ,may #ab4jj #aj4ej #i4ej #ae4jj #cg4ej #cc4jj #bf4ge ,june #aa4jj #aj4ej #i4ej #ae4jj #dj4jj #cc4jj #be4ge ,july #aj4ej #aj4be #i4ge #ad4jj #dg4jj #cc4jj #bd4ge ,aug4 #aj4ej #aj4jj #aj4be #ad4jj #dg4jj #cc4jj #bf4ge ,sep4 #aa4jj #aj4jj #aa4jj #ad4jj #dg4jj #cc4jj #bg4ge ,oct4 #aa4jj #aj4jj #aa4ej #ad4ej 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first of month47 ,compiled from ,bradstreet's ,journal1 by the ,babson ,statistical ,organization4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #a4ed #a4he #a4ej #a4eh #a4eh #a4gh #a4gh #a4dc #a4cj #a4ce ,feb4 #a4ej #a4he #a4ci #a4eh #a4eh #a4gh #a4gh #a4dj #a4cj #a4ej ,mar4 #a4ej #a4gg #a4ci #a4eh #a4fc #a4gh #a4gh #a4dj #a4cj #a4ej ,apr4 #a4ej #a4fh #a4cf #a4eh #a4gh #a4gh #a4gh #a4dj #a4cj #a4ej ,may #a4ec #a4fb #a4bi #a4fd #a4gh #a4gh #a4gh #a4ce #a4cj #a4ee ,june #a4ej #a4fb #a4bg #a4fd #a4gh #a4gh #a4fh #a4ce #a4cj #a4ee ,july #a4ej #a4eg #a4bg #a4fd #a4gh #a4gh #a4fc #a4cj #a4cj #a4fj ,aug4 #a4ef #a4ej #a4bg #a4fa #a4gh #a4gh #a4eh #a4cj #a4cj #a4fj ,sep4 #a4ef #a4ec #a4bg #a4eh #a4gh #a4gh #a4eh #a4cj #a4cj #a4fj ,oct4 #a4fb #a4ef #a4ea #a4eh #a4gh #a4gh #a4eh #a4cj #a4cj #a4fj ,nov4 #a4gg #a4ef #a4fa #a4eh #a4gh #a4gh #a4ec #a4cj #a4cj #a4fe ,dec4 #a4hb #a4fj #a4eh #a4eh #a4gh #a4gh #a4dh #a4cj #a4cj #a4he #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #b4jj #b4ej #a4de #b4be #b4he #c4ge #d4jj ,feb4 #b4dj #b4ej #a4de #b4ce #c4je #c4ge #d4jj ,mar4 #b4ej #b4ej #a4ej #b4dj #c4je #d4jj #d4jj ,apr4 #b4ej #b4ej #a4dj #b4fj #c4je #d4jj #d4jj ,may #b4ej #b4jj #a4ce #b4fj #c4aj #d4jj #d4jj ,june #b4ej #a4hj #a4ce #b4fj #c4aj #d4jj #d4jj ,july #b4ej #a4ge #a4ce #b4fj #c4aj #d4jj #d4jj ,aug4 #b4ej #a4fe #a4ce #b4ej #c4aj #d4jj #d4jj ,sep4 #b4ej #a4de #a4fj #b4cj #c4ej #d4jj #d4be ,oct4 #b4ej #a4de #a4gj #b4dj #c4ej #d4jj #d4be ,nov4 #b4ej #a4de #a4hj #b4fj #c4ej #d4jj #d4be ,dec4 #b4ej #a4de #b4jj #b4fj #c4ej #d4jj #d4ej ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,,lumber4 7,combined quotation on #a1jjj feet each of yellow pine1 ,pennsylvania hemlock and eastern spruce47 ,compiled from ,bradstreet's ,journal1 by the ,babson ,statistical ,organization4 #aijc4 #aijd4 #aije4 #aijf4 #aijg4 #aijh4 #aiji4 #aiaj4 #aiaa4 #aiab4 ,jan4 #eh4jj #fa4jj #eh4ej #gd4jj #gh4jj #fh4jj #fh4jj #ga4jj #ff4jj #ga4jj ,feb4 #eh4jj #fa4jj #ei4ej #gd4jj #gd4jj #ff4jj #fi4ej #fi4jj #fg4ej #ga4jj ,mar4 #eh4jj #fa4jj #ei4ej #gd4jj #gd4jj #ff4jj #fi4ej #fi4jj #fh4ej #ga4jj ,apr4 #eh4jj #fj4jj #ei4ej #hj4jj #gj4jj #fe4jj #fi4jj #gj4jj #gj4jj #ga4jj ,may #ei4jj #fj4jj #fj4jj #hj4jj #ga4jj #fa4jj #fi4jj #gj4jj #gj4jj #ga4jj ,june #ei4jj #fj4jj #fb4be #hj4jj #ga4jj #fa4jj #fi4jj #gj4jj #gj4jj #gj4jj ,july #ei4ej #fj4jj #fb4jj #gh4jj #ga4jj #fa4jj #fi4jj #fi4jj #gj4jj #fi4ej ,aug4 #fa4jj #fj4jj #fc4jj #gh4jj #ga4jj #fa4jj #fg4ge #ff4jj #gj4jj #gj4ej ,sep4 #fa4jj #fj4jj #fg4jj #gh4jj #ga4jj #fa4jj #gj4ej #ff4jj #gj4jj #ga4jj ,oct #fa4jj #ei4jj #fi4jj #gi4jj #ga4jj #fb4ej #ga4jj #ff4jj #gj4jj #ga4ej ,nov4 #fa4jj #ei4jj #gj4jj #gi4jj #ga4jj #fd4ej #ga4jj #ff4jj #gj4jj #gb4ej ,dec4 #fa4jj #ei4jj #gc4jj #gi4jj #fh4jj #ff4ej #ga4jj #ff4jj #gj4jj #ge4jj #aiac4 #aiad4 #aiae4 #aiaf4 #aiag4 #aiah4 #aiai4 #aibj4 #aiba4 #aibb4 ,jan4 #ge4jj #ga4ej #ga4jj #hj4jj #hj4jj #ih4ejaag4ej ,feb4 #gg4jj #ga4ej #ga4jj #ha4jj #hb4jjajj4ejaai4jj ,mar4 #gi4ej #ga4ej #ga4jj #hc4jj #hc4jjajj4ejaai4jj ,apr4 #hd4jj #ga4ej #ga4jj #hd4jj #hc4jjajg4ejaab4jj ,may #hj4jj #ga4ej #ga4ej #hd4jj #hg4jjabj4ejaab4jj ,june #gi4ej #ga4jj #gj4ej #hd4jj #hf4jjaba4ejaab4jj ,july #gf4ej #ga4jj #gj4jj #gh4jj #if4jjabd4jjaab4jj ,aug4 #gc4ej #ga4jj #gj4jj #gc4ge #if4jjabd4jjabh4jj ,sep4 #gc4ej #ga4jj #gj4ej #gc4ge #if4ejaad4jjadj4jj ,oct4 #gc4ej #ga4jj #gj4ej #gc4ge #ig4ejaad4jjaci4jj ,nov4 #ga4ej #ga4jj #gb4ej #gc4ge #ih4ejaad4jjadd4jj ,dec4 #ga4ej #ga4jj #gi4jj #gi4jj #ih4ejaag4ejafb4jj ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,jan4 ,feb4 ,mar4 ,apr4 ,may ,june ,july ,aug4 ,sep4 ,oct4 ,nov4 ,dec4 ,totals ,illustration ,index to ,tables in ,appendix ,bacon prices1 wholesale1 #bjd ,bacon prices1 retail1 #bjj ,bran prices in ,illinois1 #aig ,bran prices in ,iowa1 #aie ,bran prices at ,kansas ,city1 #bjh ,bran prices at ,minneapolis1 #bjf ,butter prices on the farm1 #aih ,butter prices at ,elgin and ,chicago1 #afa ,cattle grades1 percentage of each slaughtered at central markets1 #ahd ,cattle prices1 average native beef1 #ijj to #a1ijj pounds1 at ,chicago1 #adg ,cattle prices1 average native beef1 #a1bjj to #a1ejj pounds1 at ,chicago1 #adh ,cattle prices1 average fat cows and heifers1 at ,chicago1 #adi ,cattle prices1 average canners and cutters1 at ,chicago1 #aej ,cattle prices1 average native calves1 at ,chicago1 #aea ,cattle prices1 average grass-fed westerns1 at ,chicago1 #aeb ,cattle prices1 average feeders and stockers1 at ,chicago1 #aec ,cattle prices in ,illinois1 #aig ,cattle prices in ,iowa1 #aie ,cattle receipts1 monthly1 at six markets1 #agb ,cattle receipts1 monthly1 at ,chicago1 #agc ,cattle shipments of stockers and feeders from ,omaha1 #ahe-ahf ,cattle shipments of stockers and feeders from ,kansas ,city1 #ahi ,cattle weights at ,chicago1 #ahb ,chicago ten-year average daily prices1 #abf-acc ,copper prices1 #bab ,corn exports1 #aic ,corn-hog ratios by decades1 #abj ,corn prices in ,illinois1 #aif ,corn prices in ,iowa1 #aid ,corn prices1 monthly1 at ,chicago1 #aah-aai ,corn prices in ,argentina1 #aij ,corn receipts1 monthly1 at ,chicago1 #agf ,cottonseed meal prices at ,memphis1 #bje ,crude petroleum prices1 #bac ,daily prices1 ten-year averages1 at ,chicago1 #abf-acc ,dun's index number1 yearly1 #acd-ace ,dun's index number1 by months since #aijc1 #ace-aci ,egg prices on the farm1 #aih ,exports of corn1 #aic ,exports of pork products1 #aia ,exports of wheat1 #aib ,greenback currency values1 #abe ,ham prices1 wholesale1 #bjd ,ham prices1 retail1 #bjj ,hog prices1 in ,illinois1 #aif ,hog prices in ,iowa1 #aid ,hog prices1 heavy1 at ,chicago1 #aaf-aag ,hog prices1 average1 at ,chicago1 #adj ,hog prices1 average1 at ,sioux ,city1 #adj ,hog prices1 light1 at ,chicago1 #ada ,hog prices1 pigs1 at ,chicago1 #adb ,hog prices1 top1 at ,chicago1 #adc ,hog prices1 top at ,st ,louis1 #add ,hog prices1 top1 at ,omaha1 #ade ,hog prices1 top1 at ,kansas ,city1 #adf ,hog receipts1 monthly1 at eleven markets1 #afd ,hog receipts1 monthly1 at six markets1 #afe ,hog receipts1 monthly1 at ,chicago1 #aff ,hog receipts1 monthly1 at ,kansas ,city1 #afi ,hog receipts1 monthly1 at ,omaha1 #afg ,hog receipts1 monthly1 at ,st ,louis1 #afh ,hog receipts1 monthly1 at ,sioux ,city1 #agj ,hog receipts1 monthly1 at ,st ,joseph1 #aga ,hog weights at ,chicago1 #agh ,hog weights at ,kansas ,city1 ,st ,joseph and ,sioux ,city1 #ahj-aha ,hog weights at ,omaha1 #agi ,hog weights at ,st ,louis1 #agi ,horse prices on farms1 #afc ,horse prices1 draft1 at ,omaha and ,chicago1 #afc ,lard prices at ,chicago1 #afj ,live stock movements1 yearly1 ,bureau of ,markets1 #aij ,lumber prices1 #bad ,middlings at ,kansas ,city1 #bji ,middlings at ,minneapolis1 #bjg ,milk prices in ,elgin-,chicago district1 #afb ,mill-feed price averages1 #bje ,oats prices in ,illinois1 #aif ,oats prices in ,iowa1 #aid ,oats prices1 monthly1 at ,chicago1 #aba-abb ,oats receipts1 monthly1 at ,chicago1 #agg ,packers' prices of ham and bacon1 #bjd ,petroleum1 crude1 prices1 #bac ,pig iron prices1 #baa ,potato prices on the farm1 #aig ,pork exports1 #aia ,prices1 daily ten-year averages1 at ,chicago1 #abf-acc ,retail prices of bacon1 #bjj ,retail prices of butter1 #bjb ,retail prices of corn meal1 #bja ,retail prices of eggs1 #bjb ,retail prices of flour1 #bja ,retail prices of ham1 #bjj ,retail prices of lard1 #bja ,retail prices of milk1 #bjb ,retail prices of pork chops1 #bjj ,retail prices of potatoes1 #bjc ,retail prices of rib roasts1 #aii ,retail prices of round steak1 #aii ,retail prices of sirloin steak1 #aii ,sheep prices1 average of native lambs1 at ,chicago1 #aee ,sheep prices1 average of native sheep1 at ,chicago1 #aef ,sheep prices1 average of western lambs1 at ,chicago1 #aeg ,sheep prices1 average of western sheep1 at ,chicago1 #aeh ,sheep prices1 average of yearlings1 at ,chicago1 #aed ,sheep receipts1 monthly1 at ,chicago1 #age ,sheep receipts1 monthly1 at six markets1 #agd ,sheep1 shipments of stockers and feeders from ,omaha1 #ahg-ahh ,sheep weights at ,chicago1 #ahc ,short-rib sides1 prices at ,chicago1 #aei ,shorts1 prices at ,kansas ,city1 #bji ,wages on city and farm1 #baj ,wheat exports1 #aib ,wheat prices at ,chicago1 #abc-abd ,wheat prices in ,argentina1 #aij ,wool prices in ,illinois1 #aig ,wool prices in ,iowa1 #aie ----- ,footnote #a3 ,it is suggested that those who are especially interested in a study of speculative markets read 8,braces' ,organized ,speculation10 or 8,emery's ,speculation on the ,stock and ,produce ,exchanges of the ,united ,states40 ,footnote #b3 ,the following defense of the functions of the ,board of ,trade was compiled by ,mr4 ,john ,r4 ,mauff1 the secretary3 8,the ,chicago ,board of ,trade has exclusive characteristics1 indispensable to the welfare of the producer and consumer4 ,it offers the producer a constant and infallible fluctuating market1 determined and regulated by the inexorable law of supply and demand4 ,it creates1 thru the trading of its large membership1 representing the various branches of agricultural and industrial activity1 continuous quotations that are collected and distributed generally and without cost to the public4 ,there is thus presented the opportunity for the producer to determine at any time the exact value of his products4 ,a further advantage is that he can dispose of these products at any time by making a future delivery #8hedging' contract to suit his inclination1 regardless of bad roads or transportation problems4 ,another benefit is the large and daily open competitive market in which to display his wares before a multitude of buyers simultaneously1 obviating the otherwise impossible task of communicating with this diversity of demands by personal effort4 ,protected at all times by a set of rules and regulations holding its members to a strict accountability for their proper conduct as commission merchants2 mandatory for suspension or expulsion for any violation of the ethics of trade4 ,having at their disposal a variety of ability only to be found in a large membership1 insuring in this way proper handling and attention because a strenuous effort is always masterful and resourceful where competition is rife4 ,dissemination of statistics relating to agriculture2 the benefits of terminal elevators equipped with modern apparatus for the proper care of sample grades4 ,for consumers1 car shortage and other transportation difficulties productive of business stagnation overcome by the opportunity to purchase for future delivery the raw material where #8short' sales of product call for protection4 ,consummation of contracts possible at all times thru the machinery of a market for future delivery at continuous prices1 reliable to the fluctuations of a small fraction--one-eighth of one cent per bushel4 ,in conclusion1 and by no means least1 the facilities offered for thus establishing value in every part of the ,united ,states1 with no inequality because of geographical location1 and so a death knell to the exploiters of producers and consumers because of this knowledge widely disseminated and so easy of understanding40 ,footnote #c3 ,the skew curves of supply and demand1 as derived by ,h4 ,l4 ,moore1 in his book on 8,economic ,cycles10 furnish mathematical proof of this statement so far as corn and oats are concerned4 ,footnote #d3 ,the chart printed in connection with the chapter1 8,pork ,exports1 the ,barometer of ,corn ,belt ,prosperity10 gives forty-four years of profit and loss areas per acre of corn in the twelve north central states1 the method used being the ratio method as described in the above4 ,footnote #e3 ,it may be argued that the price of hogs determines the price of corn1 and that the price of corn determines the price of land4 ,this to a large extent may be true1 and yet not interfere with the usefulness of the ratio method for purposes of price judging4 ,footnote #f3 ,the link relative method of finding the normal seasonal variation1 as used by ,warren ,m4 ,persons1 in the ,january1 #aiai1 ,review of ,economic ,statistics1 is far more difficult than the method here used1 and for our purposes is not worth while4 ,footnote #g3 ,warren ,m4 ,persons1 in a footnote on page #ce of the ,january1 #aiai1 ,review of ,economic ,statistics1 expresses the method of ascertaining percentage departure from the secular trend in mathematical symbols as follows3 8,let the original series beginning with ,january be ,x#a1 ,x#b1 ,x#c1 444 ,xn1 the ordinates of secular trend be ,o#a1 ,o#b1 ,o#c1 444 ,on1 and the adjusted indices of seasonal variation for twelve months be ,s#a1 ,s#b1 ,s#c1 444 ,s#ab per cent1 respectively4 ,then the items for secular trend and seasonal variation are3 ,x#a ,s#a,o#a_/,o#a1 ,x#b ,s#b,o#b_/,o#b1 ,x#c ,s#c,o#c_/,o#c1 444 ,x#c ,s#a,o#ac_/,o#ac etc40 ,footnote #h3 ,these figures are based on seasonal correction factors as follows3 ,january1 #if2 ,february1 #ajj2 ,march1 #aje2 ,april1 #ajd2 ,may1 #aja2 ,june1 #aja2 ,july1 #ajc2 ,august1 #aja2 ,september1 #ajc2 ,october1 #ajj2 ,november1 #id2 ,december1 #ib4 ,these factors are practically the same as those used on page #hd4 ,footnote #i3 ,since the chapter1 8,limitations of the ,mathematical ,method10 was written1 it has been discovered that hog receipts at eleven markets are a more accurate indicator of hog prices than receipts at ,chicago1 and that prices of ,connelsville coke are a better indicator of the demand for hogs than bank clearings outside ,new ,york ,city4 ,the multiple coefficient of correlation between hog prices on the one hand and ,chicago hog receipts and bank clearings outside ,new ,york ,city on the other hand is 4#fe1 whereas between hog prices and hog receipts at eleven markets and coke prices the multiple coefficient of correlation is 4#gj4 ,footnote #aj3 ,this is the average as given in the ,drovers' ,journal ,year ,books4 ,it evidently is a weighted average based on varying receipts4 ,footnote #aa3 ,this is a simple average and not strictly comparable with the ,chicago averages1 which are weighted on the basis of varying receipts4 ,footnote #ab3 ,interpolated from ,kansas ,city market1 on account of foot-and-mouth disease closing ,chicago market4 ,footnote #ac3 ,omaha prices1 #aijc to #aijg1 inclusive2 ,chicago prices after #aijg4 ,footnote #ad3 ,prices for both wheat and corn are taken from the ,year ,books of the ,rosario ,board of ,trade4 ,rosario is the ,chicago of ,argentina4 ,the ,argentine unit of weight1 the quintal1 is taken as equivalent to #c4fg bushels of wheat and #c4icf bushels of corn4 ,the ,argentine dollar is taken as equivalent to #db4f cents4 ,after ,july of #aiah1 prices are taken from the ,international ,institute of ,agriculture4 ,footnote #ae3 ,flour exports converted into wheat at the rate of four and one-half bushels of wheat to a barrel4 ,footnote #af3 ,these figures1 previous to #aiag1 were taken from charts furnished by ,dr4 ,l4 ,d4 ,h4 ,weld1 of ,swift ,company4 ,since #aiag1 the source has been the ,daily ,trade ,bulletin of ,howard ,bartels4 ,the top price for the month is used in every case4 ,footnote #ag3 ,these figures1 previous to #aiag1 were taken from charts furnished by ,dr4 ,l4 ,d4 ,h4 ,weld1 of ,swift ,company4 ,since #aiag1 the source has been the ,daily ,trade ,bulletin of ,howard ,bartels4 ,the top price for the month is used in every case4 ,footnote #ah3 ,the ,milwaukee prices were compiled by ,professor ,f4 ,a4 ,pearson1 of the ,university of ,illinois1 from the reports of the ,western ,feed ,bureau4 ,footnote #ai3 ,from #ahfj to #ahij1 wages are based on the investigation made by the ,department of ,labor for the senate committee investigating prices and wages1 and reported in ,senate ,document #acid4 ,wages from #ahij to #aijg are based on ,bulletin #gg of the ,bureau of ,labor ,statistics1 and from #aijg to #aiac on unpublished data of the ,bureau of ,labor ,statistics1 prepared for the ,san ,francisco ,exposition4 ,figures since #aiac are estimated from reports of manufacturing establishments in ,new ,york state1 reports of wages paid by the ,united ,states ,steel ,corporation1 and reports of the ,bureau of ,labor ,statistics as to wages existing in cotton goods1 men's clothing1 lumber1 and furniture industries4 ,it is believed that the figures since #aiac are roughly accurate1 but that they may have to be revised to make them comparable with the preceding series4 ,farm-hand wages are derived from the ,december1 #aiai1 ,monthly ,crop ,reporter of the ,bureau of ,crop ,estimates4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcriber',s ,,notes ,typos fixed2 non-standard spelling and dialect retained4 ,enclosed italics font in underscores4 ,enclosed blackletter font in equals4