,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aag4 ,fig4 #aah4 ,fig4 #aai4 ,fig4 #aba4 ,fig4 #abb4 ,fig4 #abc4 ,fig4 #abd4 ,,pyrote*ny2 ,,or1 ,,! ,,art ,,( ,,mak+ ,,fireworks1 ,,at ,,little ,,co/1 ,,& ,,) ,,complete ,,safety ,,& ,,cleanl9ess4 ,,) ,,"o ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,tw5ty-,,f\r ,,illu/rations ,,( ,,=ms ,,& ,,diagrams ,,= ,,manufacture ,,& ,,exhibition4 ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,,london3 ,,w>d1 ,,lock1 ,,& ,,tyl]1 ,,w>wick ,,h\se ,,pat]no/] ,,r[1 ,e4,c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,,cont5ts4 ,,pages ,,prefatory ,,rem>ks #a-aj ,g5]al ,requisites #aa-ad ,rockets1 ) ,heads ( ,brilliant1 ,tail$1 & ,col\r$ ,/>s & ,gold5 ,ra9s #ae-fj ,roman ,c&les1 ) ,brilliant1 ,blue1 ,gre51 ,yell[1 & ,r$ ,/>s #fa-gd ,g]bes & ,jets ( ,brilliant1 ,*9ese1 & ,common ,fires #gd-ic ,:eels ( ,v>i\s ,devices1 ,horizontal & ,v]tical #ic-ajh ,lances1 ,:ite & ,col\r$ #aji-aah ,col\r$ ,lights = ,illum9at+ ,:eels1 or ,set-,pieces1 or any l>g] k9d ( ,firework #aai-abh ,t\rbillons1 ,pla9 & ,brilliant #abh-adj ,b5gal ,:ite & ,col\r$ ,fires #adj-aeh ,*9ese ,fly]s or ,saxons #aeh-agb ,m9es ( ,s]p5ts & ,crack]s #agb-ahc ,five-,po9t$ ,/> #ahc-ahh ,exhibition ,pieces #ahh-aig ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,,index4 ,,page ,,prefatory ,,rem>ks #a ,,g5]al ,,requisites #aa ,scales & ,weights #aa ,pe/le & ,mort> #ac ,sieves #ad ,,rockets #ad ,def9ition ( a ,rocket #ae ,outl9e ,description #ag ,sp9dle #ah ,cases #ah ,roll+ ,cases #bj ,rocket ,*ok+ #bb ,block & ,sp9dle #bc ,composition #bf ,rocket ,ramm+ #bi ,prim+ #cb ,pot #cc ,cones #cd ,/>s #ce ,/ick #cf ,/>s #ch ,gold5 ,ra9 #ci ,brilliant ,/>s #dj ,tail$ ,/>s #db ,col\r$ ,/>s #dc ,quick-,mat* #de ,crimson ,/>s #df ,rose-,col\r$ ,/>s #ej ,gre5 ,/>s #ej ,pale ,rose-,col\r$ ,/>s #eb ,gre5 ,/>s #eb ,gold5-,yell[ ,/>s #ec ,blue ,/>s #ec ,purple ,/>s #ed ,gold5 ,ra9s #ef ,funnel & ,wire #eh ,portfires #ei ,,roman ,,c&les #fa ,:ite ,roman ,c&le ,/>s #fc ,yell[ #fc ,greek #fd ,composition #ff ,roman ,c&le ,cases #fg ,*>ges = ,roman ,c&les #fh ,arrangem5t ( ,/>s #ga ,prep>ation ( ,t\*-,pap] #ga ,quick-,mat* #ga ,*emicals #gc ,,g]bes ,,& ,,jets ,,( ,,brilliant1 ,,*9ese1 ,,& ,,common ,,fires #gd ,*9ese & ,brilliant ,/>s #ge ,roll+ ,cases #gg ,*9ese ,fire #gh ,cases #hb ,prim+ #hc ,pr9ce ( ,wales' ,fea!rs #hd ,b\quet ( ,*9ese ,fire #hd ,brilliant ,fire #hf ,composition #hi ,common ,sp>kl+ ,fires #ij ,brilliant ,fire--,effective ,comb9ation #ia ,:eel #ib ,,:eels ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,devices1 ,,horizontal ,,& ,,v]tical #ic #b-oz4 ,:eel #ie ,composition #if ,:ite ,fire #ig ,common ,s+le ,triangle ,:eel #ii ,d\ble ,triangle ,:eel #ajc ,v]tical ,:eel #ajc ,six ,case ,:eel #ajd ,horizontal #ajf ,caprici\s ,:eel #ajg ,cases #ajh ,,lances1 ,,:ite ,,& ,,col\r$ #aji ,composition = ,:ite ,lances #aaj ,yell[ #aaa ,gre5 #aab ,r$ #aac ,rose-,col\r$ #aac ,violet #aad ,lilac #aae ,sieves #aae ,v4 ,r4 ,design #aaf ,arrangem5t ( ,col\rs #aah ,,col\r$ ,,lights #aai ,:ite ,lights = ,decoration #abj ,yell[ #aba ,gre5 #aba ,r$ #abb ,purple #abc ,di/9ction betwe5 ,col\r$ ,lights & ,col\r$ ,fires #abd ,fix+ #abe ,arrangem5t ( ,pieces #abh ,,t\rbillons1 ,,pla9 ,,& ,,brilliant #abh ,cases #acj ,composition = pla9 ,t\rbillons #acb ,brilliant ,t\rbillons #acb ,ramm+ #acd ,regulation ( ,flight #acf ,cradle #ach ,,b5gal ,,:ite ,,& ,,col\r$ ,,fires #adj ,cases #adb ,common ,b5gal ,lights #adc ,:ite ,fire #add ,yell[ #ade ,gre5 #adf ,purple #adh ,r$ #adi ,encas+s #aeb ,to ,fire #aec ,comb9ation #aed ,= ,!atrical purposes #aef ,,*9ese ,,fly]s ,,or ,,saxons #aeh ,s+le ,saxon ,fly]s #aeh ,cases #aei ,composition #afa ,to ,fire #afc ,comb9ation #afc ,d\ble ,saxon #afd ,cases #afd ,saxon ,:eel #afg ,h[ to ,light #afi ,fix$ ,piece #afi ,saxon ,squ>e #agj ,exhibition ,piece #aga ,d\ble ,saxon #agb ,,s]p5t ,,m9es #agb ,size #agc ,mort>s #agd ,fill+ #age ,light+ #age ,composition #agg ,spur-,fire #agg ,to ,fire f ,mort> #agi ,,crack] ,,m9es #ahj ,mort>s #aha ,,five-,,po9t$ ,,/> #ahc ,composition #ahd ,to ,fill ! ,case #ahe ,to ,fix #ahf ,,exhibition ,,pieces #ahh ,l>ge ,v]tical ,:eel #ahh ,d\ble ,triangle ,:eel #ahi ,framework #aij ,lattice-"w ,piece #aia ,to prep>e = ,fir+ #aib ,d\ble ,triangle ,piece #aic ,sugge/ions #aif ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,,index ,,to ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,! ,,text4 ,,rockets3-- ,,figure ,,page ,rocket #a #ag ,diagram = ,case #b #ai ,roll+ ,bo>d #c #ba ,*ok+ ,knot #g #bb ,block & ,sp9dle #i #bc ,scoop #af #cj ,pot-,=m] #ah #cc ,rocket ,pot #ai #cc ,cone-,=m] #bj #cd ,pot ) ,conical ,top #ba #ce ,spatula #cj #da ,quick-mat* & ,pill ,box #ca #de ,plan = ,cutt+ ,cases #cb #eg #cc #eg ,,g]bes ,,& ,,jets ,,( ,,brilliant1 ,,*9ese ,,& ,,common ,,fires3-- ,*9ese ,fire ,case #da #gf #db #gg ,plan = ,roll+ #dc #gg ,block ) ,iron ,r+ #dg #hb ,pr9ce ( ,wales' ,fea!r #dh #hc #di #hd ,b\quet ( ,*9ese ,fire #ej #hd ,*9ese ,fire ,piece #ea #he ,brilliant ,fire ,case #eb #hh #ec #hh #ed #hi ,five-,po9t$ ,/> #ed #ia ,brilliant ,:eel #ee #ib ,,:eels ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,devices1 ,,horizontal ,,& ,,v]tical3-- #b-oz4 ,:eel-,case #ef #ie #eg #ie ,cov]$ ,case #eh #ih ,framework = ,s+le ,triangle ,:eel #ei #ii #fj #ii #fa #ii ,s+le ,triangle ,:eel #fb #ajj ,quick-mat* #fc #aja ,:eel-,case #fd #aja ,doable ,triangle ,:eel #fe #ajc ,six case ,:eel #ff #ajd #fg #aje ,horizontal ,:eel #fh #ajf ,caprici\s #fi #ajg ,,lances1 ,,:ite ,,& ,,col\r$3-- ,v4 ,r4 ,design #gc #aaf ,,col\r$ ,,lights3-- ,mode ( ,fa/5+ #gd #abd #ge #abe ,,t\rbillons3-- ,t\rbillon ,case #hj #acj #ha #aca ,,saxons3-- ,saxon ,case #ib #aei #ib;a #aei ,d\ble #if #afd #ig #afe ,,five-,,po9t$ ,,/>3-- ,five-,po9t$ ,/> ,case #aab #ahc ,drift #aac #ahd ,frame = ,five-,po9t$ ,/> #aad #ahf ,,exhibition ,,pieces3-- ,sp9dle = ,:eels #aaf #ahh ,lattice-,"w ,piece #abj #aia ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,,index ,,to ,,illu/rations ,,9 ,,sep>ate ,,plates1 ,,on ,,t9t$ ,,pap]4 ,,figure ,,plate ,,rockets #a ,r\nd-,end$ ,drift #d #a ,*ok+ ,piece #e #a & ,drift #f #a ,app>atus = ,*ok+ ,cases #h #a ,mallet #aj #a ,/eel ,sp9dle & ,nipple #aa #a ,rocket-,case on ,nipple #ab #a ,drift #ac #a #ad #a #ae #a #af #a ,=m] #ag #a ,size ( #a-oz4 ,case #bc #a #b #bd #a #d #be #a #h #bf #a ,f9i%$ ,rocket ti$ to ,/ick #bg #a ,rocket-,po/ ) ,rocket susp5d$ #bh #a ,r+ = ,rocket #bi #a ,funnel = ,gold5 ,ra9 ,composition #cd #b ,! ,ra9 ,ramm] #ce #b ,case #cf #b ,! ,tubul> ,m\ld #cg #b ,! ,/> ,ramm] #ch #b ,f9i%$ ,/> #ci #b ,! ,settle #dj #b ,wood5 ,block ) ,metal ,nipple & ,po9t = #b-oz4 ,case #dd #b ,nipple & ,po9t = #a-oz4 ,case #de #b = ,small ,fix$ ,case #df #b ,sp9dle = ,:eels #gj #c ,iron made to keep ,:eels well away f ,po/ dur+ _! ,revolution #ga #c ,po/ = ,:eels #gb #c ,a ,a ,front ,view ( ,l>ge ,v]tical ,:eel1 ,illum9at$ ) ,revolv+ ,col\rs2 ,b ,b ,revolv+ pieces ( ,wood to :i* ! ,col\rs are ,atta*$ #gf #c ,side ,view ( t repres5t$ at ,a ,a1 fig4 #gf #gg #c ,improv$ position ( ,:eel-,cases at ! ,ends ,a ,a1 fig4 #gf #gh #c ,framework ( ,v]tical ,:eel %[+ ! position ( ,col\r$ ,lights #gi #c ,block to receive ! ,t\rbillon :ile x is be+ ,bor$ #hb #d ,block ) ,settle #hc #d ,t\rbillon #hd #d ,revolv+ ,cradle #he #d ,metal ,t\rbillon ,scale #hf #d ,brass ,cross #hg #e ,frame = ,fir+ #hh #e ,=m] = ,col\r$ ,fire ,cases #ij #e ,iron ,=k to support ,col\r$ ,fires #ia #e ,*9ese ,fly] #ic #e ,in/rum5t = fill+ ,t\rbillon ,holes #id #f ,saxon ,wood5 ,c5tre #ie #f ,d\ble ,saxon #ih #f ,saxon ,squ>e #ii #f ,:eel #ajj #g ,?ree ,s+le ,saxon ,piece #aja #g ,exhibition ,piece #ajb #h ,wood5 ,c5tre ( a ,d\ble ,saxon #ajc #h ,settle ,prop] = ,mak+ ,saxons #ajd #g ,p[d] ,p>cel = ,mort> #aje #i ,s]p5t1 ) ,quick-mat* atta*$ #ajf #i ,bundle ( ,s]p5ts #ajg #i ,pa/ebo>d ,mort> %[+ ,cont5ts #ajh #i ,iron ,mort> #aji #i ,bag & ,s]p5ts #aaj #aj ,crack] ,m9es #aaa #aj ,frame ( ,l>ge ,v]tical ,:eel #aae #aj ,framework ( ,exhibition ,piece #aag #aa ,exhibition ,piece1 ,fir$ #aah #aa #aai #aa ,lattice-,"w ,piece #aba #aa ,fir$ #abb #aa ,m\nt$ ,framework #abc #aa ,exhibition ,piece #abd #aa ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,,pyrote*ny4 ,,by ,,practicus4 ,,prefatory ,,rem>ks4 ,! art ( ,pyrote*ny has1 l almo/ e o!r art 9 ^! days ( exp]im5t & rese>*1 und]gone _m processes ( *ange & improvem5t4 ,9 fact1 t "p ( ! art :i* relates especially to ! prep>ation ( col\r$ fires may be reg>d$ z entirely new2 = n only has ! dang] :i* arose f ! spontane\sly-combu/ible nature ( "s ( ! old compositions = ?is purpose be5 obviat$ & remov$1 b _m new col\rs h also be5 introduc$ 7pr9cipally by ! =eign arti/s71 & ! pyrote*ni/ is ?us enabl$ to produce new comb9ations & contra/s1 :i* tw5ty ye>s ago 7 altoge!r unkn[n4 ,b1 not)/&+ all ?is improvem5t & progress1 x is a rem>kable fact t no "w has be5 publi%$ 9 ,engl& ^u ?is subject s9ce ! ye> #ahcj4 ,we h n ev5 kept pace ) neighb\r+ nations 9 ?is respect1 = an excell5t "w has appe>$ ?r\gh ! ,fr5* press1 entitl$1 8,m4 ,*]ti] sur les ,feux d',artifice0 7! book1 h[ev]1 is n[ out ( pr9t1 ,i believe71 & !re is also a v capital manual ( ! art 9 ,g]man1 8,m>t9 ,websky's ,lu/feu]w]k]ei40 ,x is true t articles h appe>$ f "t to "t 9 encyclopdias & books ( t class1 b ^! = ! mo/ "p h be5 copi$ out ( "o into ano!r1 & ( all t ,i h be5 able to see ! be/ are s cond5s$ z to be to ^? un9itiat$ 9 ! art simply un9telligible & useless1 & to ! initiat$ (t5 v confus+4 ,moreov]1 ! pr(essional pyrote*ni/s h ?r[n no small my/]y ov] _! "w1 & h done a great deal to fur!r ! idea t ! awful ,prome!an rites to :i* !y h be5 admitt$ are n to be ?r[n op5 to ord9>y mortals1 & ,i _c help ?9k+ t !y h ?us ?w>t$ ! v int]e/s :i* x 0 to _! advantage to =w>d4 ,let any "o only enquire ( pr(essional photograph]s :e!r ! practice ( _! art by amateurs has injur$ _! bus9ess1 & has n r increas$ ! dem& ^u !m2 & ,i see no reason :y ! same %\ld n be ! case ) ,pyrote*ny1 ?\gh n1 ( c\rse1 to ! same ext5t1 because its /udy is nev] likely to become s popul>4 ,! fact1 !n1 t no "w 9 ,engli% ^u ?is subject has appe>$ dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s w1 ,i tru/1 be reg>d$ z a suffici5t apology = ! pres5t publication4 ,f its p]usal1 h[ev]1 !re w be d]iv$ no?+ new to ^? :o h already acquir$ a pr(ici5cy 9 ! practice ( firework-mak+1 &1 = aught ,i "k1 ! pr(essional pyrote*ni/ may ev5 be puzzl$ by ! abs5ce ( te*nical t]ms4 ,b1 on ! o!r h&1 ,i w\ld h x und]/ood t ,i am n writ+ ) ! purpose ( describ+ = ! b5efit ( little boys ! mode ( mak+ squibs & crack]s1 nor am ,i go+ to tire my read]s' pati5ce1 nor to consume my own "t1 by draw+ up an hi/orical acc\nt ( ! pyrote*nic art 9 its successive /ages2 nor is x my int5tion to ent] into ab/ract & ab/ruse discussions ^u ! ma!matical proportions prop] = ! arti/'s tools & app>atus2 nor to trace1 z has be5 s frequ5tly done1 ! true & l9eal p$igree ( gunp[d]4 ,my object is simply ?is3--to furni%1 = ^? :o are unacqua9t$ ) ! subject1 su* in=mation z %all put !m 9 ! way ( provid+ at any "t = family p>ties1 or s*ool treats1 an exhibition ( fireworks1 capable ( af=d+ an h\r's real amusem5t to any numb] ( p4 ,i say to any numb] ( p1 because x co/s no m to exhibit su* a display to "o hundr$ ?an to t51 & because ,i believe t x is difficult to f9d ! p]son :o w\ld r n see a good exhibition ( fireworks1 or :o w\ld /igmatise ! h\r sp5t 9 look+ at !m z 8sl[40 ,x is evid5t t ! public dem& = exhibitions ( ?is k9d is great] & m widely spread ?an x 01 & is /ill on ! increase2 & ! only wond] is t1 "u ^! circum/ances1 no m practical sy/em ( ,pyrote*ny %\ld h appe>$ ?r\gh ! press4 ,i am n say+ t ?is "w w supply ! want t _m h exp]i5c$1 = x w be entirely elem5t>y2 b ,i hope at "s future "t to br+ out a m advanc$ & ext5sive "w1 %\ld ,i discov] t any?+ wor? call+ an int]e/ 9 my subject is abroad4 ,?is "w1 h[ev]1 w be ?or\ghly practical1 & t ) ! special object ( %[+ h[ exhibitions may be provid$ at a little co/4 ,n[1 !re are ?ree ?+s :i* h be5 g5]ally alleg$ & admitt$ z suffici5t reasons aga9/ ! practice ( ,pyrote*ny2 ^! are1 dang]1 dirt1 & exp5se4 ,^u ea* ( ^! ?ree subjects ,i w /ate :at exp]i5ce has taught me to be ! tru?4 ,fir/1 z to dang]4 ,! explosion ( firework factories f "t to "t has giv5 a high col\r to ! risk :i* ! public consid]s insep>able f any su* manufacture4 ,"s "t ago ,i _h ! curiosity to inquire z f> z ,i c\ld into ! cause ( ^! l>ge explosions1 & 9 no "o in/ance c\ld ,i discov] t ! accid5t arose f any?+ b c>elessness on ! "p ( workm5 or "s wilful & unw>rantable defiance ( dang]2 & ,i am q conv9c$ t dang] dep5ds f> m ^u ! op]ator himself ?an ^u ! mat]ials us$ 9 8 "w4 ,a b>rel ( gunp[d] is n ! ?+ "o w\ld *oose = a seat :ile smok+ a cig> or toa/+ a muff92 b be x rememb]$ t !re is no m dang] to be appreh5d$ f ?is b>rel ( gunp[d]1 :5 prop]ly h&l$1 ?an f a b>rel ( be]4 ,& !n1 gunp[d] is a mat]ial :i* ! amateur w ne$ only 9 v small quantities1 be+ us$ f> less ?an is g5]ally suppos$1 & be+ only employ$ to give projective =ce or to make reports4 ,meal-p[d]1 :i* is gunp[d] 9 ! /ate ( du/ & n 9 gra9s1 is ext5sively us$1 b is 9 itself p]fectly safe4 ,( c\rse "o c set fire to ! "o z easily z to ! o!r1 b :y ne$ x be dang]\s on ?is acc\nt8 ,!re is no?+ easi] ?an to make ! practice ( ,pyrote*ny dang]\s1 b1 at ! same "t1 x is n only possible1 b v easy1 to manufacture fireworks )\t dang]4 ,n[1 z to ! dirt9ess ( ! "w4 ,x is g5]ally believ$ t ! mak+ ( fireworks r5d]s cleanl9ess 9 ! op]ator impossible1 & is de/ructive ( clo!s on t acc\nt4 ,n[1 ,i ma9ta9 t cleanl9ess & dirt1 z well z safety & dang]1 are ma9ly dep5d5t ^u ! p]son1 & n ^u 8 "w4 ,he c fairly be call$ dirty only if he is nev] clean1 or if he makes himself unnecess>ily dirty4 ,& s ) ! pyrote*ni/4 ,:ile h&l+ su* ?+s z *>coal he does n expect 8 h&s to be :ite1 b he ne$ n h&le *>coal z if ) ! purpose ( mak+ 8 h&s black4 ,e "o mu/ h obs]v$ h[ "s p1 9 :atev] !y are engag$1 9 :atev] !y und]take1 w d _! "w cleanly & neatly1 :ile o!rs c d no?+ )\t 8mak+ a mess40 ,i myself h made ! pr9cipal "p ( sev]al exhibitions ( fireworks1 h mix$ all ! compositions1 h done ev]y?+1 9 fact1 except ! actual ramm+ ( ! compositions into ! cases1 9 my own sitt+-room1 :i*1 ,i flatt] myself1 is z clean & tidy a room z "o ne$ wi% to live 92 & 7 x n = ! pres5ce ( ! boxes 9 :i* ,i keep my tools1 c41 c41 no "o1 t5 m9utes aft] my "w is ov]1 w\ld "k :at ,i _h be5 ab\t4 ,?is1 h[ev]1 ,i h only done = want ( accommodation1 = ,i w\ld mu* pref] work+ 9 "s ou?\se or room giv5 up to ! purpose :]e my app>atus w\ld be less out ( place z furniture1 & :]e1 in/ead ( hav+ to get out all my ?+s afre% e "t1 ,i c\ld resume my "w exactly at ! po9t :]e ,i _h left x1 = by ?is means a great sav+ ( "t w\ld be effect$4 ,i w\ld also /rongly recomm5d to ! beg9n] ! use ( an apron1 & "s holl& sleeves to fa/5 tightly r\nd ! wri/ & ext5d above ! elb[1 = _m ( ! compositions employ$ are ( a subtle & du/y nature1 & w p5etrate ! clo!s until ! op]ator becomes accu/om$ to use !m 9 su* a way z %all n make !m tr\blesome 9 ?is respect4 ,i "k1 h[ev]1 on ! be/ possible au?ority--viz41 t ( exp]i5ce--t fireworks c be made )\t detrim5t to clo!s & )\t violation ( cleanl9ess4 ,exp5se n[1 9 ! ?ird place1 rema9s to be consid]$4 ,x is1 p]haps1 n g5]ally borne 9 m9d t ! reason :y fireworks are exp5sive to pur*ase is t !y take "t to manufacture4 ,! br[n pap] ( :i* ! cases are made1 & ! compositions ) :i* !y are fill$1 are ( little value z comp>$ ) ! "t ( ! workm5 employ$4 ,n[ "o supposes t if firework-mak+ is adopt$ z an amusem5t1 !re is suffici5t sp>e "t = its practice4 ,b ! amateur mu/ n suppose t he c become pr(ici5t )\t "s small outlay at ! fir/2 8 tools & app>atus w co/ him some?+1 b :5 once procur$ !y w enable him to make tw5ty exhibitions z well z "o4 ,& he w d well to be> 9 m9d t if he w pur*ase su* ?+s ( ! p]sons :om ,i am ab\t to recomm5d he w incur no unnecess>y exp5se4 ,he %\ld also "k :at to ord]2 & he w f9d t if he conf9e himself1 z f> z possible1 to ! manufacture ( "o useful size ( ea* k9d ( firework1 he w greatly dim9i% ! numb] ( tools necess>y = mak+ & fill+ 8 cases4 ,mu* exp5se w also be avoid$ by 8 pur*as+ ! necess>y *emicals1 n 9 ! smalle/ quantities procurable1 ?is be+ ! mo/ uneconomical mode ( pur*ase4 ,i h avoid$ ! employm5t ( any ( ^? co/ly prep>ations :i* h ( late become kn[n to ! pyrote*ni/1 & are employ$ pr9cipally 9 ! compositions = produc+ col\r$ fires2 n1 h[ev]1 f any wi% to ignore _! excell5ce1 b because ,i h be5 able to produce )\t !m effects ) :i* ,i h always be5 satisfi$4 ,i %all n[ app5d a li/ ( ^? fireworks ! manufacture ( :i* x is my int5tion to describe1 & :i* 9 comb9ation w be f\nd to produce all ! effects t ! amateur ne$ desire3-- ,rockets1 ) heads ( brilliant1 tail$1 & col\r$ />s1 & gold5 ra9s4 ,roman c&les1 ) brilliant1 blue1 gre51 yell[1 & r$ />s4 ,g]bes & jets ( brilliant1 ,*9ese1 & common fires4 ,:eels ( v>i\s devices1 horizontal & v]tical1 pla9 & illum9at$4 ,b5gal :ite & col\r$ sl[ fires = illum9ation4 ,lances1 :ite & col\r$1 = mak+ up devices1 su* z names1 cre/s1 mottoes1 wrea?s1 c41 c4 ,t\rbillons1 pla9 & brilliant4 ,*9ese fly]s ( diff]5t k9ds4 ,m9es ( s]p5ts & crack]s4 ,brilliant suns1 s+le & d\ble1 fix$ & revolv+4 ,portfires = light+ exhibition pieces1 c4 ,! pieces :i* ,i h enum]at$ above w furni% all ! necess>y elem5ts ( an excell5t display4 ,& ,i h no hesitation 9 say+ t by c>eful att5tion to my directions all ^! pieces may be successfully made4 ,i %all recomm5d no?+ b :at has be5 f\nd to succe$ con/antly 9 my h&s1 & may1 ,i am sure1 be made to answ] 9 ! h&s ( o!rs4 ,i entirely disclaim1 h[ev]1 any attempt to describe ! modes ( manufacture adopt$ by ! pr(essional pyrote*ni/s4 ,i "k no?+ ( ! secrets ( _! trade1 nor h ,i any desire to acqua9t myself ) !m2 ,i only "k t my own sy/em ( work+ nev] plays me false1 h[ev] diff]5t x may be f !irs4 ,!re are1 h[ev]1 a few ?+s :i* ,i /rongly recomm5d ! amateur n to attempt to make1 = ! reason t _! manufacture entails a consid]able am\nt ( t$i\s & un9t]e/+ "w1 & !y may be b\ght ready made ( ! pr(essional pyrote*ni/s at a co/ to :i* no "o ne$ object4 ,!y are su* ?+s z quick-mat*1 m9e s]p5ts1 & crack]s1 & p9 :eels1 if inde$ ^! are necess>y4 ,i w n[ proce$ to give an idea ( ! relative numb]s 9 :i* ! sev]al pieces may be employ$ to =m a good exhibition4 ,?is w1 ( c\rse1 be b a m]e sket* or outl9e1 int5d$ to %[ h[ ?+s1 v simple 9 !mselves1 may be r5d]$ v effective 9 comb9ation3-- #aj rockets3 #c ( ^! ) heads ( brilliant />s1 #c ) tail$ />s1 #b ) col\r$ />s1 & #b ) gold5 ra9s4 #aj ,roman c&les3 #f ( ^! to ?r[ brilliant />s1 & #d col\r$ />s4 #ab :eel-cases3 #c to make a s+le triangle :eel1 #d to turn an illum9at$ v]tical :eel1 & #e to turn a horizontal m9e :eel4 #c t\rbillons3 #b pla9 & #a brilliant4 ,a ,pr9ce ( ,wales fea!r1 consi/+ ( #c brilliant jets4 ,a b\quet ( ,*9ese g]bes4 #b :ite ,b5gal fires1 #b gre51 & #b r$ fires4 #b crack] & #b s]p5t m9es4 ,& = a f9ale1 "s small device execut$ 9 lances1 :i* %all *ange into a #e or #h po9t$ brilliant /> or sun1 accompani$ ) ,roman c&les1 & a m9e1 ei!r ( s]p5ts or crack]s4 ,?is is ! k9d ( exhibition :i* my pap]s are int5d$ to enable ! amateur to make4 ,! above li/ w be f\nd to conta9 no lack ( v>iety1 :i*1 9 my op9ion1 is ! great po9t to be kept 9 view4 ,9 ord] t ! read] ( ^! pap]s may f9d no difficulty or h9drance 9 ! way ( 8 putt+ my directions into practice1 ,i %all /ate f>!r on1 :]e all ! mat]ials1 *emicals1 tools1 c41 c41 :i* he w require1 c be pur*as$ ready = use1 ( a k9d & quality t ,i recomm5d1 & at a reasonable price4 ,b be=e conclud+ ?is "p1 ,i w\ld impress ^u ! amateur ! advantages to be d]iv$ f adopt+ a fix$ plan ( op]ations 9 prep>+ = 8 exhibition4 ,if he w\ld d 8 "w well1 he mu/ le>n to d x ) ! greate/ economy ( "t1 & lab\r1 & mat]ial4 ,he %\ld fir/ decide ( :at pieces 8 exhibition is to consi/2 next he %\ld get all 8 cases made1 & rememb] t ^! are n to be us$ until !y are ?or\ghly dry1 & t ! m gradually & naturally !y are all[$ to dry ! bett] !y w be = 8 purpose4 ,he %\ld comm5ce ! fill+ ( "o k9d ( piece1 & f9i% all ( t species up to a c]ta9 po9t1 be=e he beg9s ^u any o!r k9d4 ,he %\ld calculate ! quantity ( composition necess>y = !m1 & n mix x until ! cases are ready to receive x1 & he has "t to fill !m4 ,a v little practice w enable him to judge correctly ! quantity necess>y2 b let him n hurry ov] ?is "p ( 8 "w1 = a v slight inaccuracy 9 reckon+ ! quantities ( ! sev]al +r$i5ts may spoil a l>ge bat* ( composition4 ,! old prov]b1 8,! m ha/e ! less spe$10 is at lea/ z true 9 ! practice ( firework-mak+ z 9 any o!r "w4 ,by mix+ up no m composition ?an he really requires1 he w bo? avoid wa/e & h no odds & ends ( combu/ible mixture to take c>e (4 ,he may p]haps ?9k ?is piece ( advice v unnecess>y1 b he w soon arrive at ! conclusion t x is well wor? 8 att5tion4 ,let him also be> 9 m9d t he w require to get out z _m tools = ! mak+ ( "o rocket z ( t51 & t :5 he has !m to 8 h& he _c d bett] ?an f9i% ! t54 ,x is n1 ( c\rse1 to be expect$ t ! amateur w at fir/ fall naturally into ! mo/ easy & conv5i5t me?ods ( work+1 b e additional h\r's practice w furni% "s new exp]i5ce1 & he w soon discov] t ^? op]ations1 :i* at "o "t he consid]$ ! mo/ tr\blesome & difficult1 c be successfully p]=m$ 9 "s v simple mann]4 ,he mu/ nev] g to "w "u ! idea t !re is b "o way ( c>ry+ out 8 plans2 ! ex]cise ( a little ?\ght on 8 "p w g5]ally unfold to him ways & means ( accompli%+ 8 object satisfactorily & ) ease4 ,x is always be/ = ea* op]ator to e/abli% 8 own mode ( work+1 & n always to attempt to c>ry out details ( manipulation :i* he sees describ$1 "u ! impression t :at is ?us recomm5d$ is ! way4 ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,,pyrote*ny4 ,,g5]al ,,obs]vations4 ,i mu/ beg ( y1 k9d read]1 ! privilege ( address+ y no long] 9 ! ?ird b 9 ! second p]son4 ,by speak+ to y1 in/ead ( ab\t y1 ,i %all avoid mu* circumlocution1 & 9 words1 at lea/1 id5tify y\r int]e/s ) my own4 ,s9ce 8g5]als0 take ! prec$5ce ( 8p>ticul>s10 be=e ent]+ ^u any description ( ! details ( rocket app>atus or manufacture1 ,i mu/ introduce y to c]ta9 fri5ds )\t :i* y w f9d x difficult to get on 9 y\r "w1 & ) :i* ,i tru/ y w %ortly be on excell5t t]ms1 = y w require _! aid 9 almo/ e bran* ( pyrote*ny4 ,! tools peculi>ly employ$ 9 ea* sep>ate process ( ! art w be spok5 ( 9 deal+ ) t process1 & 9 _! own place2 b a %ort acc\nt ( ! ?+s t are g5]ally requisite w be m 9 place "h ?an 9 any o!r "p ( ?is "w4 ,,scales ,,& ,,weights4 #a4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 "s are indisp5sable4 ,! scales t ,i use are ( a v common make1 ) copp] pans capable ( hold+ ab\t f\r ounces ( nitre4 ,^! ,i h always f\nd v conv5i5t1 & !y are by no means exp5sive to buy2 b ,i %\ld ?9k !re is h>dly a h\se :]e su* a pair w\ld n be f\nd ready to h&4 ,i use also1 = purposes 9 :i* m delicacy & exactness is requir$1 a pair ( gra9 scales su* z are employ$ by ! apo!c>y4 ,x is v important1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! prep>ation ( col\r$ fire compositions1 to be v exact 9 weigh+ out ^? +r$i5ts :i* ent] sp>+ly into ! =mulas1 = a little m or less ( ^! w (t5 *ange entirely ! "* ( ! composition4 ,& n[ let me say a few words ^u ! subject ( weights4 ,! old books on pyrote*ny did _! be/ to confuse _! read]s 9 _m ways1 b 9 none m successfully ?an ! foll[+3--,!y insi/$ on giv+ _! =mulas 9 weight4 ,= in/ance1 !y w\ld tell y to mix toge!r #c oz4 ( "o +r$i5t1 #b dwt4 ( ano!r1 #a scruple ( ano!r4 ,n[ ! ord9>y way 9 mak+ up su* a receipt w\ld be by employ+ "o weight out ( ?ree di/9ct tables1 = ! ounce usually employ$ 9 comm]ce is ! avoirdupois ounce2 ! p5nyweight is only f\nd 9 a table us$ = weigh+ preci\s metals & preci\s /ones2 ! scruple only 9 a table us$ by a comp\nd] ( m$ic9es4 ,n[ ,i int5d to avoid all confusion ( ?is k9d by ! simple plan ( giv+ my =mulas 9 p>ts & n 9 weights4 ,= in/ance1 9 writ+ d[n ! =mula = gunp[d]1 ,i %\ld put x 9 ! foll[+ mann]3-- ,nitre #gj p>ts4 ,sulphur #ae ,*>coal #ae ,s t1 :e!r y take x 9 gra9s or 9 tons1 ! =mula is equally intelligible1 & y get at "o glance a true idea ( ! relative proportions ( ! +r$i5ts4 ,b1 al?\gh ,i mean to keep weights out ( my =mulas1 we _c disp5se ) !m 9 our "w4 ,n[1 if y w\ld save y\rself mu* tr\ble & inconv5i5ce1 procure1 9 addition to y\r ord9>y gra9 weights1 a #b-oz41 a #a-oz4 & a oz4 troy weight4 ,?is ounce conta9s precisely ! same numb] ( gra9s z eight ( y\r apo!c>y's dra*ms & z tw5ty-f\r ( y\r apo!c>y's scruples--t is #dhj gr41 :]eas ! avoirdupois ounce conta9s only #dcg gr4 ,& by ?is means y w avoid mu* confusion & save mu* "t 9 y\r calculations2 because y w h all y\r small] weights conv5i5t aliquot p>ts ( ! great]2 &1 if ,i mi/ake n1 y w f9d ^! extra weights v h&y = o!r ?an pyrote*nic purposes4 ,next1 ,i wi% to caution y aga9/ an injudici\s employm5t ( ! pe/le & mort>4 ,^! auxili>ies are n int5d$ = any o!r purpose b ! r$uction to p[d] ( lumps1 cry/als1 c42 !y are nev] prop]ly us$ = incorporat+ +r$i5ts4 ,l>ge quantities ( pyrote*nic compositions are always mix$ 9 a sieve2 small quantities are be/ mix$ by /irr+ !m ab\t ) a spatula ^u a piece ( pap]4 ,a pe/le & mort> is a species ( app>atus :i* ,i r>ely use1 = ,i procure my v>i\s salts1 c41 9 ! =m 9 :i* !y are ready = use1 & ,i /rongly recomm5d y to d ! same1 feel+ t y w soon be conv9c$ ( ! conv5i5ce ( su* a plan4 ,rememb]1 too1 to keep y\r p[d]$ +r$i5ts 9 well-cork$ or /opp]$ bottles1 = ! reason t "s ( !m are v deliquesc5t1 & are utt]ly unfit = pyrote*nic purposes except :5 p]fectly dry4 ,! f\r foll[+ ?+s1 h[ev]--nitre1 sulphur1 *>coal1 & meal-p[d]--:i* are n subject to injury f a slight exposure to ! air1 & :i* w be requir$ 9 l>g] quantities ?an o!r ?+s1 ,i always keep 9 t9 cani/]s1 su* z are made to hold a p\nd ( c(fee4 ,a piece ( %eet copp] ab\t six in*es long1 b5t into ! =m ( a %all[ boat or scoop1 w be f\nd useful 9 tak+ ^! ?+s out ( _! cani/]s to be put into ! scales & weigh$4 ,,sieves4 #b4 ,n[ ) reg>d to ,,sieves3 y w require two ( ^!1 ) brass-wire bottoms2 "o ( ! f95ess ( tw5ty me%es to ! in* = mix+1 :i*1 = di/9ction's sake1 ,i w call ! mix]2 ! o!r ( =ty or fifty me%es to ! in* = sift+1 & to :i* ,i %all ref] z ! sift]4 ,^! sieves are made ) a receiv] & a top1 s t by _! means y c sift or mix any compositions1 h[ev] subtle or du/y may be _! nature1 )\t ! slighte/ inconv5i5ce or annoyance4 ,i may z well "h m5tion t ,i use ! #bj-me% mix] = sift+ ! co>se *>coal employ$ 9 my rocket compositions1 b all o!r sift+ is done by ! #dj-me% sift]4 ,! size ( ^? :i* ,i use is ab\t six in*es 9 diamet]1 & ,i ?9k y w f9d ?is l>ge en\gh = e purpose1 z y w n be likely to want to mix or sift any v l>ge bat*es ( composition at a "t4 ,^! sieves1 made ( any size or design t y please1 may be procur$ ( ,mr4 ,d>by1 #ih1 ,reg5t ,/reet1 ,lambe?1 ,london1 at ^: %op y w also f9d _m o!r h&y little articles1 su* z horn or copp] scoops1 spatulas1 c4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cd4 ,fig4 #ce4 ,fig4 #cg4 ,fig4 #ch4 ,fig4 #ci4 ,fig4 #dj4 ,fig4 #dd4 ,fig4 #de4 ,fig4 #df4 ,,manufactur+4 ,,rockets4 #c4 ,hav+ n[ cle>$ our way ( ^! necess>y prelim9>ies1 we may at once proce$ to speak ( ! manufacture ( ,,rockets2 fir/1 ( :at a rocket is1 & !n ( h[ x is made4 ,!re is no?+ l />t+ ) a good di/9ct notion ( :at we h to make be=e we set to "w to make x4 ,x is said ( a p]son :o 0 ask$ by 8 fri5d to give him a logical def9ition ( a h\se1 t he at once repli$ t 8x 0 a ?+ ) a *imney20 :i* def9ition1 be+ equally applicable to a mod]ator lamp & a /eam-eng9e1 c h>dly be consid]$ exhau/ive 9 ! case ( a h\se2 &1 9 l mann]1 if we />t ) ! idea t a rocket is a ?+ t goes up 9 ! air1 we %all n h any v tangible model ( rocket excell5ce be=e u z a guide 9 our "w4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 v true t "s rockets :i* we see c only be prop]ly & fai?fully describ$ z ?+s :i* g up 9 ! air1 = !y no m des]ve ! "n ( a rocket ?an does a *ild's kite or a cock-sp>r[1 ei!r ( :i* w\ld come equally well "u ! above def9ition4 ,b let u see :e!r we c arrive at some?+ a little m accurate4 ,a rocket we w def9e z a species ( firework :i*1 :5 prop]ly fa/5$ to a /ick ( a c]ta9 size & weight susp5d$ ) its m\? d[nw>ds1 & ignit$1 asc5ds into ! air by ! =ce ( its own combu/ion1 rises maje/ically to its prop] height1 ?r[+ out1 f ! beg9n+ to ! end ( its c\rse1 a ri* & uni=m tail ( sp>ks1 & at ! extreme range ( its flight giv+ bir? to a clu/] ( />s1 or %[] ( fi]y ra9s1 or o!r decorations1 z !y are call$1 :i* %\ld burn long en\gh to be well se51 & n disappe> almo/ at ! mom5t ( _! appe>ance4 ,?is is :at e rocket %\ld be :5 fir$2 & let me beg ( y n to /op %ort ( atta9+ ?is excell5ce1 = p]sev]ance w give y exp]i5ce1 & ) ! aid ( ^! two y ne$ despair ( no?+4 ,:5 ,i _h be5 puzzl$ & misl$ by all ! books & in=mation on ! subject t ,i c\ld procure1 & _h met ) no?+ b failure 9 all my attempts1 ,i set myself to "w to make my own exp]im5ts 9 a new direction1 on ! supposition t ,i und]/ood1 to a c]ta9 ext5t1 ! pr9ciple on :i* success dep5d$4 ,& well d ,i rememb] my delight at see+ a rocket ( my own production scramble up into ! air 9 a v undignifi$ & disord]ly mann]1 & !re p]=m c]ta9 n]v\s evolutions :i* ,i w defy any p5 to describe or p5cil to depict4 ,b al?\gh its p]=mance 0 erratic & laughable1 ,i _h conqu]$2 ! key f t mom5t 0 9 my own h&s2 & soon1 aft] c>eful consid]ation & a few m exp]im5ts1 ,i manag$ to produce a rocket ( :i* ,i saw no reason to be a%am$4 ,i h /at$ above :at appe>ance a good rocket %\ld pres5t to ! eyes ( a spectator :5 fir$2 ,i am n[ ab\t to /ate :at appe>ance x %\ld pres5t to its manufactur] be=e be+ fir$--9 fact1 :at x is t he has to make4 ,x is a /rong cyl9drical case1 made ( pa/$ br[n pap] & imp]ial bo>d1 contract$ ne> "o ( its ends 9 ord] to =m a n>r[ ap]ture1 & fill$ ) a c]ta9 composition 9 su* a mann] t a long n>r[ cavity is left 9 its c5tre1 ext5d+ almo/ ?r\gh\t its :ole l5g?4 ,?is is :at ,i %all call ! rocket1 = ! asc5d+ p[] lies solely 9 ?is "p2 ! head1 be+ an aft]-addition1 w be spok5 ( x 9 its prop] place1 & n all[$ to int]f]e "h4 ,9 ! annex$ woodcut ,a ,a repres5ts ! ext]ior diamet] ( ! case2 ,b ,b1 ! int]ior diamet] ( ! same2 ,c ,c1 ! long cavity ext5d+ f ! m\? up ! c5tre ( ! composition1 :i* cavity is call$ ! 8s\l0 ( ! rocket2 ,d ,d ,d1 ! composition ) :i* ! rema9d] ( ! case is fill$4 ,! l[] ( ! two ,c's repres5ts ! m\?1 or 8*oke0 z x is call$1 at :i* all ! combu/ion t goes on 9 ! rocket has to f9d its v5t4 ,:5 a light is appli$ to ! m\? ( ! rocket1 ! :ole surface ( ! s\l ( ! rocket is set on fire at once1 & on ?is dep5ds its p[] ( asc5t2 = s l>ge a quantity ( fire hav+ to make its escape ?r\gh s n>r[ an ap]ture & meet+ ) consid]able resi/ance f ! ext]nal air1 makes ! rocket recoil 9 a direction opposite to t ( its m\?1 until all ! combu/ible mat]ial :i* x conta9s is consum$4 ,?is is a broad outl9e ( ! pr9ciple ^u :i* rockets asc5d4 ,x w be unnecess>y = me to dive deep] into !ories "h1 = ,i am sure t y w be anxi\s = me to come to practical details )\t fur!r delay4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #a4 ,among o!r ?+s 9 my prefatory rem>ks ,i /at$ t firework-mak+ ne$ n be an exp5sive recreation1 b y mu/ be> 9 m9d t no?+ is easi] ?an to make x exp5sive1 & t we mu/ adopt "s /rictly economical sy/em ( op]ation4 ,s9ce rockets are ! mo/ sci5tific ( all fireworks1 & ! app>atus necess>y = mak+ !m is m co/ly ?an t = mak+ any o!r k9d ( firework1 we mu/ d all t we c to br+ _! manufacture )9 rea* ( ! amateur4 ,!re are _m books1 & ,i d>e say _m p]sons1 t w tell y t y _c hope to produce a good rocket unless y h a m\ld prop] = ! purpose made ei!r ( gun-metal or ( "s h>d wood4 ,i believe t ,i am "r 9 tell+ y t su* a piece ( app>atus v>ies 9 co/ f #cl4 to #ajl41 b ,i also "k t ,i am "r 9 assur+ y t a rocket1 9 e respect equal to _m t are ramm$ 9 a m\ld1 may be produc$ )\t ?is exp5sive luxury4 ,i c only say t ,i nev] use a m\ld1 & my belief is t ! workm5 employ$ by pr(essional pyrote*ni/s are1 = ! mo/ "p1 only too glad to disp5se ) its use1 = x is ( importance to !m to ram ! greate/ possible numb] ( rockets 9 a giv5 "t1 & if !y 7 to be delay$ by hav+ to unscrew & screw a m\ld be=e & aft] fill+ ea* case1 half _! "t & its value w\ld be lo/ to !m4 ,i use1 & recomm5d y also to use1 a simple /eel sp9dle let firmly into a wood5 block1 & if y\r cases are made /rongly en\gh y w be able to produce all t y\r ambition w picture to y by means ( ?is inexp5sive app>atus1 & )\t ! help ( ! m\ld4 ,b be=e we speak ( ! size & proportions ( ?is sp9dle x w1 ( c\rse1 be necess>y = u to det]m9e ! size ( ! rocket :i* we int5d to produce4 ,n[1 ! rocket t ,i recomm5d y to make1 z be+ ! mo/ g5]ally useful & economical1 is t :i* ! pr(essionals call ! lb4 rocket4 ,y w be> 9 m9d t ?is "n is n int5d$ to signify t ! rocket :5 f9i%$ w weigh a qu>t] ( a p\nd1 b t its int]ior diamet] is equal to ! ext]ior diamet] ( a lead5 ball weigh+ #doz4 ,y w f9d1 ,i am sure1 t ! capabilities ( ?is size ( rocket1 :5 prop]ly made1 w satisfy y = all ord9>y purposes1 &1 tak+ ?is = grant$1 ,i %all n[ proce$ to speak ( ?is p>ticul> size only1 9 ord] to prev5t ! possibility ( confusion4 ,,rocket-,,cases4 #d4 ,! fir/ ?+ t y h to d is to make ! case4 ,d n hurry ov] ?is "p ( ! process1 = m dep5ds ^u x ?an is g5]ally suppos$4 ,x is made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,procure "s imp]ial bo>d 7:i* is a k9d ( ?9 pa/ebo>d made ( two %eets ( br[n pap] pa/$ & press$ toge!r72 also "s /\t ,k5ti% br[n pap] ( su* a sub/ance z w weigh #gj-lb4 p] ream4 ,n[ fold a %eet ( ! imp]ial bo>d d[n ! middle ( its l5g?1 ?us3-- ,cut x along ?is fold1 !n divide ea* ( ^! halves crossways into five equal p>ts & cut !m ap>t4 ,ea* %eet w ?us furni% en\gh bo>d = t5 lb4 rocket-cases4 ,?is bo>d is only made 9 "o size4 ,n[ take a %eet ( ! #gj-lb4 br[n pap]1 divide x into halves at its natural fold1 & !n divide ea* ( ^! halves crossways into f\r /rips4 ,"o ( ^!1 toge!r ) "o ( ! /rips ( imp]ial bo>d1 w be suffici5t to make "o case4 ,i h giv5 y above ! directions = cutt+ y\r pap] & bo>d )\t wa/e2 y w1 h[ev]1 f9d x m conv5i5t to buy !m ready cut up2 x w save y "t & tr\ble1 & w occupy mu* less space among y\r /ores4 ,!y c be procur$ ( ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,d>by1 #ih1 ,reg5t ,/reet1 ,lambe?1 ,london1 & he w supply !m ready cut if y only /ate = :at purpose !y are int5d$4 ,illu/ration3 #b ,! 8=m]10 on :i* ! bo>d & ! pap] are to be roll$1 is simply a piece ( brass tub+1 ab\t #ab 94 long1 & 94 9 diamet]4 ,?is y _h bett] procure ( ! p]son ^: "n ,i %all m5tion pres5tly1 :5 ,i speak ( app>atus1 & to :om ,i recomm5d y z a mak] ( all pyrote*nic tools1 except su* ?+s z ! sieves1 c41 above m5tion$4 ,i mu/ n speak ab\t ! pa/+ & roll+ ( ! cases until ,i h said a few words ^u ! subject ( ! pa/e itself4 ,x is a great mi/ake to h y\r pa/e made ?ick2 y w ga9 no?+ by do+ s1 & y w f9d x v tr\blesome to use4 ,x %\ld be made ( su* a consi/5cy z w admit ( its be+ spread v readily ^u ! br[n pap]1 c41 & by be+ tol]ably fluid w saturate x mu* m ?or\ghly2 & ?is1 aft] all1 is :at y want to d1 = ! h>dness ( ! f9i%$ cases dep5ds f> m ^u ! complete saturation ( ! pap] ?an ^u ! ?ickness ( ! pa/e betwe5 its lay]s4 ,! bru%1 :i* y w f9d conv5i5t1 is "o ab\t #b;94 9 diamet]1 & c be procur$ ( ,mr4 ,d>by4 ,into ea* p9t ( pa/e1 :ile boil+1 put a l>ge teaspoonful ( p[d]$ alum2 ?is w h ! effect ( keep+ y\r pa/e sweet & free f m\ld9ess = weeks1 & w also prev5t x f becom+ wat]y1 :i* x w\ld o!rwise d 9 a few days4 ,i w n[ suppose y to h y\r pap]1 imp]ial bo>d1 pa/e1 & bru% ready to h&4 ,y w next require "s k9d ( slab on :i* to pa/e & roll y\r cases4 ,= ?is purpose ,i use "o ( ! l>ge/ common ro(+ slates t c be procur$3 its size is #bd by #ab;94 ,?is makes a *eap & v s]viceable pa/+ slab if its surface be only mod]ately smoo?4 ,n[ we come to ! actual roll+ ( ! cases4 ,fir/ pa/e all ov] "o side ( "o ( ! /rips ( #gj-lb4 br[n pap]2 !n take "o ( ! /rips ( imp]ial bo>d1 & fold "o end ( x once r\nd ! brass tubul> 8=m]40 ,hold ?is1 ?us fold$1 ) y\r left h&1 & pa/e ov] all ! re/ ( ! upp] side ( ! /rip ) y\r "r4 ,!n roll x up1 z /raightly & z tightly z y c1 till all b ab\t #c in*es ( x is w\nd ^u ! 8=m]40 ,^u ^! project+ #c in*es lay ! end ( ! /rip ( br[n pap]1 ) its pa/$ side upw>ds1 & !n roll x till bo? bo>d & pap] are neatly & closely w\nd r\nd ! 8=m]40 ,y w f9d at fir/ a little difficulty 9 gett+ ! /rips to roll up /raight1 b a little practice w ov]come ?is4 ,y w n[ require :at is call$ a 8roll+ bo>d10 t is1 a piece ( common smoo? deal bo>d ab\t #bj in*es by #h 9 size1 ) a wood5 h&le screw$ on its upp] side at "o end 7see fig4 #c74 ,!n ) ! left h& take hold ( ! end ( ! 8=m]10 :i* projects out ( ! case1 loosely1 s z to all[ x to revolve 9 ! h&1 & ) ! "r h& roll case & 8=m]0 f "o end ( ! slate slab to ! o!r betwe5 x & ! roll+ bo>d1 press+ ^u ! latt]1 & us+ x z a c>p5t] does 8 8try+ plane20 & by ?is means ! same effect w be produc$ ^u y\r newly-made case z is produc$ ^u l951 c41 by a mangle4 ,^! directions read1 no d\bt1 z if !y belong$ to "s v complicat$ op]ation2 b let me assure y t x is "o f> easi] to p]=m ?an to describe4 ,"s modification ( ?is plan w 9 all probability sugge/ itself to y\r m9d z an improvem5t ^u x2 = !re are few p :o d n aft] a few trials fall into "s me?od ( work+ :i*1 besides answ]+ _! purpose1 has ! additional m]it ( be+ peculi> to !mselves4 ,i may z well m5tion "h t ! quicke/ way ( mak+ cases is to pa/e all y\r /rips ( pap] & bo>d be=e y beg9 to roll any ( !m1 tak+ c>e n to pa/e t "p ( ea* /rip ( bo>d :i* is to make ! fir/ turn r\nd y\r 8=m]40 ,illu/ration3 #c4 ,illu/ration3 #g ,9 ! next place1 :5 y h made z _m cases z y require1 ! op]ation ( 8*ok+10 or =m+ _! m\? & neck1 rema9s to be done1 & is to be accompli%$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,procure "s /rong close /r+ ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* 9 diamet]2 take ab\t "o y>d ( ?is1 & tie "o end ( x to a r+ or nail :i* has be5 driv5 v tightly ab\t #c feet f ! gr\nd into a wall1 beam1 or tree1 & ! o!r end ( ?is /r+ tie firmly r\nd a /\t piece ( /ick or rul] ab\t #ah in*es long4 ,n[ take ! r\nd-end$ drift 7fig4 #d71 & ins]t ?is into "o end ( y\r cases till its r\nd$ end appe>s ab\t an in* f ! o!r end1 leav+1 9 fact1 an in* at "o end ( ! case unoccupi$ by ! drift4 ,!n take ! little 8*ok+ piece0 7fig4 #e71 & ins]t its metal po9t into ! holl[ end ( ! drift4 ,?is op]ation is illu/rat$ at fig4 #f4 ,n[ rub y\r /r+ well ov] ) yell[ soap2 ! m ?or\ghly ?is is done ! bett]4 ,!n pass ! /ick or rul] betwe5 y\r legs 9 su* a mann] t by lean+ backw>ds y c make ! /r+ v tight2 b be=e tight5+ x give ! soap$ "p ( ! /r+ "o turn r\nd ! "p ( ! case m>k$ e e 7fig4 #f71 !n by lean+ backw>ds y w contract t "p ( ! case until y leave an ap]ture only l>ge en\gh to admit ! po9t ( ! 8*ok+ piece40 ,z soon z ?is is done tie "s /r+ tightly r\nd ! neck ?us =m$1 to prev5t its becom+ l>g]4 ,! be/ knot = ?is purpose is ! "o giv5 at fig4 #g4 ,!n1 :5 y h drawn out y\r *ok+ piece & drift1 ! prop] "n ( :i* latt] is 8! sett+-d[n piece10 y\r case mu/ be put by to dry ?or\ghly be=e use4 ,! app>atus giv5 at fig4 #h is v conv5i5t = *ok+ cases quickly1 & is giv5 9 case y %\ld ?9k x wor? :ile to make su* a ?+4 ,any boy ) a fair notion ( c>p5t]+ w\ld f9d no difficulty 9 mak+ x4 ,x is simply a /r+ pass$ ov] a small :eel & fa/5$ to a p$al :i* works on a h+e close to ! gr\nd4 ,a glance at ! diagram w %[ y t by putt+ y\r foot ^u ! p$al f ! /r+ may be drawn v tight4 ,! case is *ok$ at ! po9t m>k$ ,f4 ,no *ok+ c be done except :ile ! cases are wet4 ,illu/ration3 #i ,n[1 suppos+ t y c d no?+ else until y\r cases are dry1 ,i w1 meantime1 introduce y to "s ( y\r tools4 ,fig4 #i repres5ts ! block & sp9dle ov] :i* y\r rockets are to be ramm$4 ,! case ( ! rocket is =c$1 m\? d[nw>ds1 ov] ?is sp9dle by ins]t+ into x ! sett+-d[n piece 7fig4 #d71 :i* y h us$ be=e1 & giv+ ! h&le ( ?is "s bl[s ) ! mallet 7fig4 #aj74 ,?is op]ation has ! effect ( enl>g+ ! *oke to its prop] size1 & ( mak+ ! m\? ( ! case v smoo? & h>d4 ,! diagram 7fig4 #aa71 repres5ts ! /eel sp9dle & nipple 9 its prop] size4 ,! "p m>k$ g g is driv5 into ! wood5 block :i* =ms its foot4 ,fig4 #ab repres5ts ! rocket-case driv5 d[n ^u ! nipple :5 ready to be fill$ ) its composition4 ,figs4 #ac1 #ad1 #ae1 are ?ree drifts ( diff]5t l5g?s1 pi]c$ s z to admit ! /eel sp9dle1 & to be us$ = driv+ ! composition into ! cases r\nd ! sp9dle4 ,!y are us$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,a ladleful ( ! composition is put into ! case1 & !n driv5 d[n ) ! longe/ ( ^! drifts by ! mallet2 !n ano!r ladleful driv5 ) ! same4 ,!n a %ort] drift is tak5 = ! next few ladlefuls2 !n ! %orte/1 till ! case is full up to ! top ( ! sp9dle4 ,!n ! unpi]c$ drift 7fig4 #ae7 is us$ to ram 9 "s composition solid1 & to drive "s clay ^u ! top ( ?is4 ,?is op]ation w be describ$ mu* m m9utely 9 its prop] place4 ,fig4 #ag repres5ts ! 8=m]0 on :i* ! cases are roll$4 ,^! tools may be procur$ at a v reasonable price ( ,mr4 ,newman1 #d1 ,augu/us ,/reet1 ,reg5t's ,p>k1 ,london4 ,hav+ made y slightly acqua9t$ ) ! v>i\s tools & app>atus to be us$ 9 mak+ & fill+ rocket-cases1 x w n[ be necess>y = me to say a few words ab\t _! size & proportion1 = mu* w dep5d ^u accuracy 9 ?is p>ticul>4 ,i h giv5 y a sket* ( f\r drifts to be us$ 9 load+ y\r cases ) composition4 ,! longe/ ( ^! ,i %all call ! fir/2 & ! %orte/1 :i* is ! solid "o1 ! f\r?2 ?is be+ ! ord] 9 :i* y w h to use !m4 ,! measurem5ts t ,i am n[ ab\t to give h ref]5ce only to ! /raight "p ( ! drifts1 n tak+ _! h&les into consid]ation4 ,! l5g? ( ! fir/ drift is #f in*es2 second1 #d2 ?ird #c2 f\r? #b4 ,! fir/ ?ree ( ^! drifts are pi]c$ or holl[1 9 ord] to admit ! /eel sp9dle ov] :i* ! rocket is ramm$4 ,! fir/ %\ld be pi]c$ to ! l5g? ( #d in*es2 second1 #b2 ?ird #a4 ,tak+ ! ext]ior diamet] ( lb4 rocket to be ab\t #a in*--& ?is measurem5t is ne> en\gh = our purpose--! =m] on :i* ! cases are roll$ %\ld be ( an in* 9 diamet]1 & ! drifts ab\t ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,! 8=m]0 %\ld always be slightly l>g] 9 diamet] ?an ! drifts1 because ! pap] t is roll$ ^u x is ?or\ghly wett$ ) ! pa/e1 & 9 dry+ w %r9k a little2 &1 !re=e1 if y\r drifts be ( ! same size ) y\r =m]1 y w f9d consid]able difficulty 9 gett+ !m 9 & out ( y\r cases2 !y ought to be a good easy fit4 ,twelve in*es y w f9d a conv5i5t l5g? = y\r =m]4 ,9 case y %\ld wi% to prep>e rockets ( o!r sizes1 & 9 ord] t y may readily see ! relative magnitude ( cases ( su* sizes z are g5]ally us$ 9 ! art ( pyrote*ny1 ,i "h app5d a table3--,^? :i* are call$ #a-oz4 cases are ab\t in* bore4 #b-oz4 lb4 lb4 #a ,9 foll[+ ! directions :i* ,i gave 9 my la/ pap] = cutt+ up y\r imp]ial bo>d & #gj-lb4 br[n pap] = rocket-cases1 y w f9d t ! case produc$ w n be a v /\t "o4 ,al?\gh ,i h made an excell5t rocket 9 a case ( su* a ?ickness1 y w1 p]haps1 f9d x advisable to use m pap] & bo>d1 & prep>e a ?ick] case4 ,= ?is purpose cut y\r bo>d 9 ! mann] t ,i h describ$ be=e = y\r #gj-lb4 br[n pap]--t is1 into eight equal /rips--& !n cut ea* ( y\r %eets ( br[n pap] l5g?wise into f\r equal /rips4 ,by ?is plan y w be able to make v /\t cases1 :i* w n be at all liable to injury dur+ ramm+2 & ?us "o %eet ( bo>d1 ) two ( br[n pap]1 w furni% eight lb4 rocket-cases4 ,y mu/ be> 9 m9d :5 *ok+ !m to contract ! ap]ture till x is consid]ably small] ?an y w ev5tually require x to be4 ,! sett+-d[n piece 7fig4 #d7 has two uses3 x is employ$ fir/ 9 *ok+ ! case1 & aft]w>ds 9 driv+ or sett+ x d[n1 :5 *ok$1 ov] ! /eel sp9dle4 ,! reason = driv+ ! case ?us d[n till ! m\? is br\ght close to ! nipple at ! foot ( ! sp9dle is t ! *oke or ap]ture may ?us be left ( ! prop] size4 ,?is prop] size is ab\t two-fif?s ( ! inn] diamet] ( ! case2 & ! ap]ture left imm$iately aft] *ok+ %\ld n be mu* m ?an "o-fif? ( ! same inn] diamet]4 ,! op]ation ( 8sett+ d[n0 ! cases is p]=m$ be/1 9 my op9ion1 :5 !y are p]fectly dry & imm$iately be=e !y are fill$4 ,,rocket ,,composition4 #e4 ,n[ suppos+ y\r cases to be ?or\ghly dry & ready to be *>g$1 ! next ?+ t we mu/ consid] is ! composition ) :i* !y are to be fill$4 ,judg+ f ! effect produc$ by rockets prep>$ by diff]5t mak]s1 ,i %\ld imag9e t ! =mulas = _! compositions are ( almo/ endless v>iety4 ,"s seem to pref] a v quick composition1 :i* w raise ! rocket to a great elevation 9 a v %ort "t2 o!rs1 "o :i* w produce a l>ge & ri* tail ( sp>ks n asc5d+ s fa/ or s high4 ,9 my op9ion1 ! mean betwe5 ^! two extremes is decid$ly pref]able3 t :i* ,i aim at 9 rocket manufacture is to produce a v high1 b n a v rapid1 asc5t2 & :5 ?is my object has be5 prop]ly ga9$1 ,i h nev] _h any fault to f9d ) ! tail ( sp>ks :i* is ?r[n out4 ,i may say1 )\t any exagg]ation1 t ,i h exp]im5t$ ^u sev]al hundr$s ( diff]5t compositions1 v>y+ fir/ "o +r$i5t & !n ano!r1 increas+ or decreas+ !m by v gradual /eps1 until ,i h come to ! conclusion t ! two foll[+ are ! only ones wor? reta9+4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t x is n en\gh to h a good =mula or two 9 ord] to be successful1 = mu* w dep5d ^u ! mann] 9 :i*1 & ! c>e ) :i*1 ^! are made up3-- ,no4 #a4 ,nitre #af p>ts4 ,sulphur #d ,*>coal #h to #i ,?is1 ,i believe1 is a v old =mula1 &1 provid$ ! *>coal be prop]ly prep>$1 may be f\nd v useful & effective4 ,i us$ ?is receipt = a long "t1 & ?\ght x incapable ( improvem5t1 until1 f a wi% to try ! effect ( ! addition ( a little meal-p[d]1 ,i came by *ance ^u ! foll[+1 :i* ,i d n ?9k c be surpass$3-- ,no4 #b4 ,nitre #af p>ts4 ,sulphur #c ,meal-p[d] #d ,*>coal #h ,n[ let me tell y t ! success ( rocket compositions dep5ds ^u two ?+s--! intimate union ( _! +r$i5ts1 & ! f95ess or co>s5ess ( ! *>coal4 ,su* *>coal z y c procure at a *emi/'s ready p\nd$ w be ( no use :atev] to y1 = x is 9 f> too f9e a /ate ( subdivision4 ,y w require a mu* co>s] *>coal = ! mo/ "p1 & "o n ( ! same co>s5ess or f95ess ?r\gh\t4 ,if y c\ld make a mixture conta9+ *>coal ( ?ree diff]5t degrees ( f95ess--! fir/ mod]ately f9e1 ! next 9 pieces ( ! size ( gra9s ( ord9>y sport+ gunp[d]1 & ! ?ird ( ! size ( l>ge poppy se$s--& take equal p>ts ( ea* ( ^! ?ree y w f9d t y h a mixture v s]viceable = rocket purposes4 ,b y c procure ( ,mr4 ,d>by1 :om ,i h m5tion$ be=e1 a mix$ *>coal :i* w save y ! tr\ble ( sift+4 ,i recomm5d y1 h[ev]1 to use no *>coal t w n pass readily ?r\gh y\r #bj-me% mix]1 = y\r object is n to h y\r *>coal 9 l>ge pieces1 b to h a c]ta9 proportion ( x co>s] ?an ! re/4 ,y w f9d t ! l>g] y\r proportion ( co>se *>coal is1 ! sl[] y\r composition w be1 &1 )9 c]ta9 limits1 ! m f9e *>coal y employ1 ! quick] x w be4 ,n[1 z ! sp>ks produc$ by co>se *>coal rema9 visible 9 ! air mu* long] & are mu* l>g]1 ?an ^? produc$ by f9e *>coal1 ,i ?9k x advisable to employ a good proportion ( ! co>se & 9 ord] to make up ! /r5g? t ! composition loses by ?is plan1 ,i take a small] proportion ( sulphur1 z y w see by comp>+ =mulas ,nos4 #a & #b1 & at ! same "t add a c]ta9 quantity ( meal-p[d]4 ,all ^! +r$i5ts may be procur$ ( ,mr4 ,d>by4 ,! mode ( mix+ !m is z foll[s3--,weigh out y\r quantities ( nitre1 sulphur1 & meal-p[d]1 mix !m well toge!r1 & pass !m ?r\gh y\r #dj-me% sift]4 ,?is y w h no difficulty 9 do+1 because ! condition 9 :i* y pur*ase !m is "o ( f9e p[d]2 y\r meal-p[d] especially _c be too f9ely sift$ = ?is purpose4 ,y w f9d x a great conv5i5ce to add to ?is mixture a few drops ( me?ylat$ spirits ( w9e or g9--a v slight quantity w suffice to r5d] x less du/y--b y mu/ be> 9 m9d t :5ev] ei!r ( ^! liquids is employ$1 ! composition w be sure to ru/ ! /eel sp9dle ar\nd :i* x is driv51 unless y take ! precaution ( rubb+ x ov] ) a little oil or grease aft] us+ & be=e putt+ x away4 ,next add y\r *>coal4 ,/ir ! :ole toge!r1 & pass ! mixture two or ?ree times ?r\gh y\r #bj-me% mix]2 by ?is means x w be ?or\ghly incorporat$ & fit = use4 ,,rocket ,,ramm+4 #f4 ,n[ we come to ! actual ramm+ ( ! rockets2 &1 unless y int5d to be a great nuisance to y\r fri5ds & neighb\rs1 y _h bett] n dream ( p]=m+ ?is op]ation indoors1 x be+ productive ( mu* noise & j>r+2 & y w f9d t !y w n take mu* int]e/ 9 y\r pyrote*nic progress :5 !y h be5 annoy$ & deaf5$ by y\r frantic ef=ts = _! amusem5t4 ,y _h bett] *oose1 !re=e1 "s place ei!r out-(-doors1 or 9 an ou?\se1 :]e y are n likely to be int]rupt$ or int]f]$ )2 ! ou?\se1 ( c\rse1 w be pref]able1 because !re y w n be expos$ to w9d & wea!r1 ! =m] ( :i*1 especially1 is (t5 a s\rce ( consid]able inconv5i5ce :5 work+ out-(-doors4 ,b :atev] place y decide ^u1 y mu/ h a v solid block ( "s k9d1 :i* is bett] made ei!r ( wood or /one1 & mu/ be set ^u1 or let into1 solid gr\nd4 ,i %\ld ?9k t y w f9d no difficulty 9 meet+ ) "o1 made ( ei!r ( ^! mat]ials1 9 any c>p5t]'s or build]'s y>d2 odd pieces ( /one & timb] :i* w\ld answ] y\r purpose may g5]ally be procur$ = a few p5ce4 ,! /one block :i* ,i use is ab\t #ab #h #h in*es4 ,on y\r block ,i recomm5d y to put no?+ b ! wood5 block into :i* y\r sp9dle is fix$4 ,! composition :i* y are us+ %\ld nev] be plac$ ^u x1 because x is sure to become to "s ext5t unmix$ by ! concussion caus$ by ! bl[s ( y\r mallet1 = ! p>ticles ( any co>se +r$i5t :i* x conta9s w f9d _! way to ! surface4 ,y w f9d x advisable to h y\r block1 & ! table on :i* y\r tools & composition are plac$1 ( su* a height f ! gr\nd t1 9 work+1 y ne$ n /oop or put y\rself into any uncom=table attitude4 ,next we h to consid] :at is ! mo/ conv5i5t receptacle = y\r composition :ile y\r cases are be+ fill$ ) x4 ,i use a copp] scoop capable ( hold+ ab\t #h ounces ( composition1 made some?+ l an op5 coal-scuttle 9 =m1 :i* ,i h always f\nd v conv5i5t1 & :i* is repres5t$ 9 ! annex$ woodcut 7fig4 #ag74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ag4 ,y w next require a small ladle made ( ?9 copp] or brass1 ( su* a size t x w take up j z mu* composition z y %\ld put into y\r case at a "t1 & w admit ( be+ pass$ into ! case4 ,by means ( ?is y w be able to drive 9 ! composition v uni=mly1 = by giv+ a c]ta9 numb] ( bl[s ( a c]ta9 p[] to ea* ladleful1 y c be sure ( an equal compression ?r\gh\t ! l5g? ( ! case4 ,su* a ladle ,mr4 ,newman w supply ) y\r rocket tools1 ( ! "r size = fill+ lb4 cases4 ,i w n[ suppose y to be ready at ! ramm+-block1 ) all y\r tools ab\t y1 y\r composition ready1 & y\r case driv5 firmly d[n ov] y\r sp9dle4 ,i /rongly recomm5d a slight moi/5+ ( ! composition z direct$ above be=e y beg9 to ram x4 ,n[1 tak+ ! longe/ ( ! drifts 7fig4 #ac7 9 y\r left h&1 ins]t into ! case :5 ! fir/ ladleful ( composition has be5 put 94 ,y are n to suppose t by 8a ladleful0 ,i mean z mu* composition z c be heap$ up ^u ! ladle or scoop1 b z mu* z w lie )9 x aft] y h pass$ ! drift ov] its surface1 & h levell$ ! composition to ! height ( its sides4 ,to ?is fir/ ladleful ( composition give f\rte5 bl[s ) ! mallet3 x is n necess>y to ex]t mu* =ce 9 ?is op]ation1 = ! weight ( ! mallet w be ne>ly en\gh to d ! "w = y2 & y w f9d t aft] ea* /roke ! mallet w recoil ) ! bl[ to a po9t almo/ high en\gh to be ! />t+-po9t = ! next /roke4 ,hav+ giv5 ! prop] numb] ( bl[s1 take ano!r ladleful ( composition1 & :5 y h put x into ! case1 drive x d[n 9 ! same mann] z ! =m] "o ) ! same numb] ( bl[s4 ,!n = y\r ?ird ladleful take ! longe/ drift b "o1 :i* mu/ be us$ = ?is & ! foll[+ ladleful1 giv+ to ea* ( !m sixte5 bl[s4 ,!n take ! %orte/ holl[ drift1 & use ?is = z _m ladlefuls z w make ! composition rise to ! top ( ! /eel sp9dle1 giv+ eighte5 bl[s to ea* ( !m4 ,!n by ins]t+ ! %ort1 solid drift1 y w be able to measure ! di/ance betwe5 ! top ( ! sp9dle & ! top ( ! case4 ,:5 y h tak5 ?is measurem5t1 make a m>k1 on ! outside ( ! case1 :i* w %[ y h[ high ! sp9dle rises on ! inside4 ,by adopt+ ?is plan1 or any o!r t may occur to y z simple1 y w always be able to ram ! same quantity ( solid composition above ! sp9dle4 ,?is is really an important matt]1 & "o on :i* dep5ds ma9ly ! beauty ( y\r rocket's p]=mance :5 x rea*es its greate/ elevation 9 ! air4 ,!re are great v>ieties ( op9ion z to :at %\ld be ! quantity ( composition ramm$ solid above ! sp9dle1 & x is a mu* m common matt] to f9d too little ?an too mu* composition us$ = ?is purpose4 ,! effect ( us+ too little is1 t ! rocket does n fairly arrive at its turn be=e its />s or o!r decorations are ?r[n out4 ,?is1 9 my op9ion1 is a consid]able fault2 = x robs ! rocket ( a great deal ( ! elegance ( its flight1 & gives "o ! idea t x is 9 a hurry to get its "w ov]4 ,no?+ b actual exp]i5ce & obs]vation w enable any "o to decide :i* he consid]s ! prop] quantity ( solid composition4 ,i consid] ! be/ l5g? = ?is "p ( ! rocket to be t ( ! ext]ior diamet] ( ! case--t is1 an in* or r m = rockets ( ! lb4 size4 ,l>g] rockets1 ,i h always f\nd1 d n require q s mu* 9 proportion2 small] rockets r m4 ,y %\ld give tw5ty bl[s ) ! mallet to ea* ladleful ( ?is solid composition4 ,i am well aw>e t ?is numb] ( bl[s s\nds l a great deal ( h>d "w1 b y may re/ assur$ t ^! tw5ty bl[s1 giv5 z ,i h direct$ above1 w occupy only five or six seconds ( "t1 at ! co/ ( v little ex]tion4 ,hav+ n[ complet$ ! ramm+ ( ! composition into y\r case1 y w next require "s common pott]'s clay 9 dry p[d]2 ?is c be procur$ ( ,mr4 ,d>by 9 a condition prop] = use4 ,take half-a-ladleful ( x1 & ram x d[n v h>d ^u ! top ( ! composition ) ! solid drift4 ,?is clay :5 ?us compress$ w =m an end to y\r rocket ne>ly z h>d z /one--n s h>d1 h[ev]1 b t y c bore a hole ?r\gh x ab\t ?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 :i* w all[ ( ! necess>y connexion betwe5 ! ramm$ composition & ! />s or o!r cont5ts ( ! head ( y\r rocket4 ,9 ! next place ,i w speak ( ! ,,prim+4 #g4 ,?is may be done 9 two ways2 = exhibition purposes ,i %\ld m]ely put into ! m\? ( ! rocket "s meal-p[d]-pa/e made z foll[s3--,make a r s(t1 b n too liquid pa/e1 by moi/5+ meal-p[d] ) gum-wat] made ( ! /r5g? ( #b-oz4 ( gum-arabic to a p9t ( wat]4 ,) ! flatt5$ end ( a /ick rub "s ( ?is pa/e into ! cup =m$ at ! *ok$ end ( ! rocket1 tak+ c>e t none ( x is left 9 ! *oke or n>r[ ap]ture at :i* ! fire f ! rocket has to f9d v5t2 =1 if any %\ld rema9 !re1 ! rocket :5 fir$ is almo/ c]ta9 to bur/4 ,any ( ! pa/e t happ5s to be =c$ into ?is ap]ture may easily be tak5 out aft]w>ds by means ( a piece ( wire or /\t p94 ,y\r rocket is n[ f9i%$ z f> z its asc5d+ p[] is conc]n$4 ,,rocket ,,pot4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ah4--,pot-=m]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ai4--,rocket pot4 #h4 ,i w tell y my me?od ( mak+ ! head1 or pot z x is t]m$1 ( ! rocket4 ,y mu/ h a piece ( h>d wood turn$ ( a %ape l t indicat$ 9 ! foll[+ woodcut 7fig4 #ah74 ,! /raight "p ( ?is %\ld be ab\t #d in*es long1 & a %ade l>g] 9 diamet] ?an ! ext]ior ( y\r rocket-case--t is1 ab\t #a in* 9 diamet]1 if y adopt ! me?od ( cutt+ up y\r imp]ial bo>d & #gj-lb4 br[n pap] giv5 9 ?is *apt]4 ,n[ take "s mod]ately ?ick br[n pap]1 & cut x into /rips ab\t #e in*es 9 wid? & #h 9 l5g?2 ea* ( ^! /rips w be long en\gh to g twice r\nd ! pot-=m] describ$ above4 ,:5 y h pa/$ z mu* ( ea* /rip z w n lie actually aga9/ ! =m]1 roll x up /raightly & p9* 9 "o end2 y w ?us h made a cyl9d] ( pap] 7fig4 #ai7 clos$ at "o end1 ! o!r end ( :i* w fit nicely ov] ! clay end ( y\r rocket4 ,?is is ! pot ( ! rocket1 :i* is to conta9 y\r />s1 ra9s1 c4 ,,rocket ,,cones4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bj4--;,cone-=m]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ba4--,pap] = ,cone4 #i4 ,y w next require a turn$ wood5 =m] on :i* y c make pap] cones ( su* a size at _! base t !y c be neatly pa/$ on to ! top ( y\r pots--t is1 ! base ( ^! cones %\ld h ! same diamet] z ! pots4 ,al?\gh su* conical caps are by no means necess>y1 yet !y are a v great assi/ance to ! rocket 9 its asc5t1 enabl+ x to rise ) mu* less resi/ance ?r\gh ! air4 ,! cone-=m] is repres5t$ 9 ! annex$ woodcut 7fig4 #bj74 ,to make ^! cones ^u x1 cut out z _m circul> pieces ( br[n pap] z y require1 ! semi-diamet] ( :i* mu/ be slightly great] ?an ! height ( ! cones t y h to make4 ,!n cut or te> ^! circles into halves & pa/e !m on "o side4 ,n[ place ! fir/ half-circle ^u ! =m]1 pa/$ side outw>ds1 tak+ c>e t ! apex ( ! cone beat ! po9t m>k$ ,a 9 fig4 #ba4 ,!n fold ! br[n pap] neatly r\nd ! cone-=m]1 & :5 y h made x to sit z closely to x z possible1 proce$ 9 ! same mann] ) ! o!r half-circle1 putt+ x ^u ! fir/1 pa/$ side inw>ds4 ,! pap] cones ?us made mu/ next be cov]$ ) "o ?ickness ( ?9 pap] cut l>ge en\gh to ext5d an in* or r m beyond ! op5 end ( ! cone1 & ?is project+ "p1 :5 not*$ all r\nd ) y\r scissors1 c be pa/$ d[n r\nd ! top ( ! rocket pot4 ,:5 ?is is done ! pot w pres5t ! appe>ance ( annex$ illu/ration 7fig4 #bb74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #bb4--,pot1 ) ,conical ,cap4 ,,rocket ,,/>s4 #aj4 ,:5 all ! pa/+ t has be5 necess>y 9 mak+ ! pots is ?or\ghly dry1 ! fill+ !m ) />s is all t rema9s to be done = ! completion ( ! rocket4 ,y w f9d t ! lb4 rocket w c>ry an ounce ( />s well4 ,aft] weigh+ out y\r />s1 !n1 into p>cels ( ?is weight1 empty "o ( ^! p>cels into ea* pot4 ,y w next require "s sort ( p[d] to /rew among ! />s :i* %all h ! effect ( ignit+ !m & at ! same "t ( bur/+ ! pot4 ,i h always f\nd meal-p[d] by itself to be too rapid 9 its explosion to convey ! fire to all ! />s2 _m ( !m are bl[n out ( ! pot1 nev] tak+ fire at all4 ,! mixture :i* ,i %\ld recomm5d y to use is ! foll[+3-- ,meal-p[d] #f p>ts4 ,f9e *>coal #a "p4 ,*>coal add$ to ! meal-p[d] 9 ! above proportion w r5d] its combu/ion sl[ en\gh to light all ! />s1 )\t be+ too sl[ to bur/ ! pot4 ,( ?is mixture take a ladleful 7,i mean ! ladle :i* y use 9 fill+ y\r cases71 & put x ) ! />s into ! pot1 :i* mu/ n[ be securely glu$ ov] ! clay end ( ! rocket-case4 ,,rocket-,,/ick4 #aa4 ,la/ly ! rocket-/ick rema9s to be consid]$4 ,?is app5dage is us$ = ! purpose ( keep+ ! m\? ( ! rocket d[nw>ds1 s t if x move at all its motion mu/ be an upw>d "o4 ,! rule = tell+ :e!r ! /ick be ( ! prop] weight or n is ! foll[+3--,aft] hav+ ti$ x on to ! rocket 9 ! mann] indicat$ 9 ! page ( illu/rations1 asc]ta9 :e!r x w balance if laid across ! f+] ab\t #b in*es f ! m\? ( ! rocket4 ,if ! /ick =ms an exact c\nt]poise to ! rocket at ?is po9t1 x w answ] y\r purpose v well4 ,! l5g? ( ! /ick :i* ,i use = lb4 rockets is #d feet1 & its size ab\t in*4 ,! be/ wood = ^! /icks is ,am]ican p9e4 ,x is v light1 & %\ld be free f knots4 ,y w be able to procure !m mu* *eap] ( ,mr4 ,d>by1 & mu* m uni=m 9 _! make1 ?an ( any c>p5t]4 ,9 "s old treatises ^u pyrote*ny y w f9d recomm5d$ a tap]+ rocket-/ick1 to ! l>ge end ( :i* ! rocket is ti$4 ,i h nev] f\nd any advantage :i* ^! /icks possess ov] ^? t are ( "o size ?r\gh\t2 & ,i ?9k ,i may say t no pr(essional pyrote*ni/ uses tap]+ rocket-/icks4 ,on ! annex$ page ( woodcuts 7figs4 #bc to #bf7 ,i h giv5 y a sket* ( ! r+s :i* ,i use1 ?r\gh :i* ! rocket-/ick mu/ be pass$1 & f :i* ! rocket is to be fir$4 ,^! r+s %\ld be screw$ into an upright po/ 7fig4 #bg7 /&+ #e feet out ( ! gr\nd2 ! upp] r+ ne> ! top ( ! po/1 ! l[] ab\t #c feet f ! gr\nd4 ,!re is also a sket* 7fig4 #bh7 to %[ y h[ ! rocket is to be susp5d$ on ?is po/4 ,i h /at$ above t !re are two ways ( prim+ rockets2 ! "o us$ = exhibition purposes ,i h already describ$4 ,rockets ?us prim$ are fir$ by apply+ a light$ portfire to _! m\?4 ,! o!r me?od ,i h f\nd v conv5i5t :5 mak+ trials ei!r ( rockets or ( />s1 = x enables y to get "s di/ance f ! rocket-po/ be=e ! rocket rises1 & consequ5tly to ga9 a mu* bett] view ( ! object ( y\r exp]im5t4 ,x is done 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,pa/e or tie a piece ( t\*-pap] r\nd ! m\? ( ! rocket :i* %all project an in* or r m beyond ! m\?4 ,!n take a piece ( uncas$ quick-mat* ab\t #b in*es long1 & put x into ! s\l ( ! rocket1 leav+ s mu* ( x outside ! *oke z c be twi/$ into ! project+ "p ( ! t\*-pap]4 ,if ?is is done s z to leave a %ort twi/ ( t\*-pap] beyond t "p :i* conta9s ! quick-mat*1 y w ga9 a %ort int]val ( "t betwe5 ! mom5t ( light+ ! rocket & t ( its asc5t4 ,y c procure ( ,mr4 ,d>by ! cases ready made1 &1 9 fact1 any?+ employ$ 9 firework manufacture2 b ,i /rongly recomm5d y to le>n to make ! cases y\rself1 z y w !n be n only mu* m indep5d5t1 b also mu* m economical 9 y\r "w4 ,let me recapitulate a little1 & add a few h9ts to rem9d y ( c]ta9 po9ts important 9 rocket manufacture4 ,d n hurry ov] any "p ( ! "w1 ei!r ! mak+ ! cases or ! composition1 or ! ramm+ ( ! rockets4 ,9 moi/5+ y\r composition ) spirits ( w9e or g91 be c>eful to add v little ( ! liquid1 & to /ir ! composition ab\t v ?or\ghly until all ! moi/ure t is pres5t is v equally diffus$4 ,rememb] t ! addition ( nitre or meal-p[d] to y\r composition w r5d] x m rapid 9 combu/ion2 ! addition ( sulphur or *>coal m sl[4 ,by ?is means y c v>y ! /r5g? ( y\r rocket composition to any degree :i* proves successful or satisfactory 9 y\r h&s4 ,by no means =get to bore a hole ?r\gh ! clay at ! end ( y\r rocket1 & ?us to =m ! communication ) y\r />s4 ,nev] all[ y\r /eel sp9dle to become ru/y4 ,e coat ( ru/ t y h to sc\r (f f x dim9i%es ! size ( ! sp9dle4 ,rememb] t ! "w t is done neate/ is always done be/4 ,,rocket ,,/>s 7,h[ to ,make74 #ab4 ,by foll[+ a few simple directions = ! manufactur+ ( ^!1 y w be able to v>y almo/ to any ext5t ! heads ( y\r rockets1 & to produce comb9ations accord+ to y\r ta/e & fancy4 ,! />s t are us$ z decorations to ! diff]5t species ( fireworks are ( v>i\s k9ds1 sizes & %apes1 accord+ to ! purpose = :i* !y are int5d$4 #a/4 ,! ord9>y rocket />s1 :i* are call$ 8brilliant0 or 8bright10 are made 9 small cubes4 ,_! composition is moi/5$ ) gum-wat]1 & :ile moi/ flatt5$ to ! ?ickness requir$4 ,x is !n scor$ or cut across ) a knife1 & all[$ to dry4 ,:5 dry x c be easily brok5 up into cubes at ! places :]e x 0 divid$ by ! knife4 ,tail$ />s are also made 9 ! same way & ( ! same size4 #bnd4 ,roman c&le />s are small cyl9d]s ( composition made ( a size proportion$ to t ( ! case out ( :i* !y are to be ?r[n4 #crd4 ,col\r$ rocket />s are made by driv+ ! col\r$ composition1 slightly moi/5$1 into small cases1 :i* g "u ! "n ( pill-box cases4 ,if ! /> is to consi/ ( "o col\r only1 ^! pill-boxes are op5 at bo? ends1 & a piece ( quick-mat* is plac$ betwe5 ! composition & ! inside ( ! pill-box1 & all[$ to project ab\t half-an-in* beyond ea* end ( x4 ,:5 fir$1 ^! />s burn at bo? ends at ! same "t1 & s produce a great am\nt ( fire 9 proportion to _! size4 ,if x is requir$ to make />s consi/+ ( m ?an "o col\r 79 :i* case !y are call$ 8*angeable />s071 ! pill-boxes are left op5 at "o end only4 ,! composition is !reby prev5t$ f burn+ at m ?an "o ( its surfaces at a "t4 ,^! />s g5]ally conta9 two col\rs2 ! pill-boxes are half-fill$ ) "o col\r$ composition & ! rema9+ space fill$ ) ano!r4 ,^! *angeable />s burn mu* long] ?an ! o!rs1 & !re=e produce a m beautiful effect2 b be+ l>g] !y require to be us$ 9 l>g] rockets1 ! half-p\nd size be+ ! smalle/ t is adapt$ = ?is purpose4 ,,gold5 ,,ra94 #ac4 ,!re is ano!r & exce$+ly beautiful decoration = rocket heads :i* is call$ gold5 ra94 ,?is is by no means a difficult ?+ to make4 ,"s small pap] cases are made1 ab\t #b in*es long & ( ! size ( goosequills2 ^! are fill$ ) a sp>kl+ composition & prim$ ) wett$ gunp[d]4 ,!y are plac$1 m\? d[nw>ds1 9 ! head ( ! rocket1 & arrang$ 9 su* a mann] t !y may all be ignit$4 ,at ! bur/+ ( ! rocket1 !y w describe a s]ies ( beautiful r+lets ( sp>kl+ fire4 ,i h n[ enum]at$ z _m diff]5t k9ds ( />s1 c41 z w provide y ) ! means ( produc+ any am\nt ( v>iety4 ,i n[ come to ! details ( ! manufacture ( ^! decorations4 ,we w beg9 ) ! ord9>y ,,brilliant ,,/>s4 #ad4 ,fir/1 let me impress ^u y ! necessity ( see+ t all +r$i5ts us$ 9 /> compositions are 9 z f9e a p[d] z possible4 ,y _c h !m too f9e or too well incorporat$ & mix$4 ,! foll[+ is ! =mula :i* ,i employ = ! ,,common ,,brilliant ,,/>s4 ,nitre #af p>ts ,sulphur #h ,sulphuret ( antimony #d ,meal-p[d] #c ,let all ^! +r$i5ts be 9 f9e p[d]1 &1 hav+ c>efully weigh$ out ! quantities1 mix !m ?or\ghly4 ,next1 take "s gum-wat] ( ! /r5g? previ\sly m5tion$--viz41 two ounces ( gum-arabic dissolv$ 9 a p9t ( w>m wat]4 ,spread y\r /> composition ^u a piece ( z9c plate or slate1 & add to x a little ( ! gum-wat] at a "t1 tak+ c>e to /ir ! composition ab\t well till all ! moi/ure is equally diffus$ ?r\gh ! :ole4 ,x is n necess>y t ?is composition %\ld be made wet1 b only some?+ l br[n sug> 9 moi/ness1 s t x w b9d well :5 press$ toge!r4 ,:5 y ?9k ?is is suffici5tly done1 roll or press ! composition into a flat %ape l a ?ick pancake1 & make x z squ>e1 or1 at all ev5ts1 z rectangul>1 z possible4 ,its ?ickness %\ld be ab\t a qu>t] ( an in*4 ,y w f9d a l>ge spatula a v conv5i5t tool 9 ?is op]ation1 bo? = flatt5+ ! cake ( composition & = gett+ x into a conv5i5t %ape4 ,n[ take y\r spatula1 & ) x score ! composition across bo? ways1 s t y h x divid$ into a numb] ( little cubes1 fig4 #cj4 ,x may !n be set aside to dry 9 a w>m place2 x w be =ty-eight h\rs be=e x is fit = use 9 summ]1 & ab\t a week 9 w9t]4 ,:5 dry y w h no tr\ble 9 sep>at+ ! cubes at ! m>ks left by ! spatula4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cj4 ,i may z well1 h[ev]1 introduce y to a simple piece ( app>atus :i* w enable y to p]=m ?is op]ation mu* m com=tably & cleanly4 ,i h a small wood5 tray made ( mahogany1 six in*es squ>e1 & ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* deep1 inside measurem5ts4 ,into ?is ,i place a flat piece ( wood1 :i* fits v easily into ! tray1 & is half-an-in* ?ick4 ,?is acts z a movable false bottom4 ,x w be readily se5 t :5 ?is false bottom is 9 ! tray1 plac$ ^u ! o!r bottom1 ! tray w be fill$ up s z to leave a dep? ( a qu>t] ( an in* only unoccupi$4 ,?is space ,i fill ) ! moi/5$ /> composition1 hav+ fir/ rubb$ ! surface ( ! false bottom ) soap to prev5t any adhesion tak+ place betwe5 ! composition & ! wood4 ,hav+ n[ press$ into ! tray z mu* composition z w fill x to ! height ( its sides1 ,i score x ) ! spatula z direct$ above4 ,a l>ge hole is made 9 ! natural bottom ( ! tray1 s t ,i c1 by putt+ my f+]s ?r\gh x1 raise ! false bottom cov]$ ) />s out ( ! tray4 ,i !n place a piece ( c>dbo>d or z9c on ! top ( ! />s & turn ! false bottom upside d[n4 ,! />s w be f\nd to sep>ate f ! wood v easily1 & may be left to dry on ! z9c4 ,! tray is !n ready = ano!r bat* ( />s4 ,! advantages ( ?is plan are1 t !re is no tr\ble 9 gett+ ! composition into a uni=m1 conv5i5t %ape & ?ickness2 t ! composition requires mu* less gum-wat]2 & t1 consequ5tly1 ! process is a quick] & a clean] "o4 ,,tail$ ,,/>s4 #ae4 ,! same plan may be adopt$ also = ! mak+ ( tail$ />s1 ) a slight v>iation :i* ,i n[ proce$ to describe4 ,^! />s are n moi/5$ ) pla9 gum-wat]1 b ) a mixture ( gum-wat] & l9se$-oil4 ,! gum-wat] %\ld be ( ! /r5g? giv5 above1 & %\ld be made q hot by plac+ ! bottle :i* conta9s x 9 a jug ( boil+ wat]4 ,:5 x is suffici5tly hot1 to e #h ounces ( gum-wat] add #a ounce ( l9se$-oil4 ,%ake ! bottle till ^! are ?or\ghly mix$1 & no oil c be se54 ,use ! moi/5+ fluid1 :ile hot1 9 ! same mann] z direct$ above = brilliant />s4 ,! foll[+ is ! composition = ,,tail$ ,,/>s4 ,nitre #af p>ts4 ,meal-p[d] #ab ,antimony 7sulphuret7 #h ,f9e *>coal #d ,sulphur #d ,if ! above directions are c>efully foll[$ out1 y w h "s />s :i* are exce$+ly beautiful 9 _! effect1 & by no means difficult to make4 ,at its fir/ appe>ance ! /> has no?+ rem>kable 9 x b ! rapidity ( its combu/ion4 ,:5 ?is1 h[ev]1 is ov]1 a k9d ( boil+ lava is =m$ :i* rema9s r$ hot = a long "t1 & :i*1 9 its desc5t to ! e>?1 takes ! appe>ance ( a gl[+ drop ( gold5 fire1 foll[$ by a tail ( sp>ks1 rema9+ visible till x rea*es ! gr\nd4 ,i ?9k ! proportion ( l9se$-oil giv5 above w n be> be+ alt]$ )\t detrim5t to ! p]=mance ( ! />s4 ,if less oil is us$1 ! />s assume _! tail$ =m soon]1 & disappe> soon]2 if m1 !y w rea* ! e>? be=e _! pr9cipal & *>act]i/ic beauty is se54 ,bo? 8brilliant0 & 8tail$ />s0 may be made 9 cubes ^: sides are ab\t a qu>t] ( an in*4 ,on acc\nt ( ! pres5ce ( ! oil1 8tail$ />s0 take a long] "t to dry ?an 8brilliant40 ,an advantage :i* !y possess1 besides t ( sup]ior beauty1 is t !y are mu* m sure ( ignition ?an brilliant />s4 ,i may z well m5tion "h t a tray = =m+ ! />s1 su* z ,i h describ$ above1 & ( ! size giv5 above1 w conta9 ab\t #h or #i ounces ( composition at a "t4 ,,col\r$ ,,/>s4 #af4 ,we n[ come to ! v important subject ( col\r$ />s4 ,^! require consid]able c>e 9 _! prep>ation1 ! beauty ( _! p]=mance dep5d+ entirely ^u ! uni=m f95ess1 ! intimate union1 & ! dryness ( _! +r$i5ts4 ,if y wi% to make ^! col\r$ />s ) any degree ( satisfaction to y\rself1 keep ! v>i\s prep>ations :i* ent] into _! composition always ready = use--t is1 9 f9e dry p[d]1 pres]v$ 9 well-cork$ or /opp]$ bottles4 ,!re is "o *emical salt :i* requires especial c>e 9 keep+1 on acc\nt ( its deliquesc5t prop]ties--t is1 ( its t5d5cy to attract moi/ure f ! air2 & unless ?is salt1 :i* is ! nitrate ( /rontia1 be ?or\ghly free f moi/ure :5 us$1 x w produce no effect at all1 except a ne$less wa/e ( *emicals4 ,i mu/ !re=e tell y t ! =mulas :i* ,i am ab\t to give y w fail mo/ entirely 9 y\r h&s1 unless y are v p>ticul> 9 ?is matt] ( dryness4 ,ov] & ov] aga9 h ,i be5 l$ to condemn =mulas = col\r$ />s & fires z useless or imp]fect1 = ! sole reason t ,i did n !n "k h[ _! +r$i5ts 7 to be h&l$1 & :at c>e 0 necess>y = ! production ( _! int5d$ effect4 ,9 ! fir/ place ,i /rongly recomm5d y to attempt to make no col\r$ />s = rockets1 except su* z are made 9 ! pill-box cases1 ( :i* ,i h spok5 be=e4 ,^! pill-boxes are made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,procure a piece ( /raight iron rod1 #ab in*es long1 & f ?ree-eigh?s to half-an-in* 9 size2 ! usual size = ?is 8=m]0 is ab\t sev5-sixte5?s ( an in*4 ,n[ cut "s c>tridge pap] into /rips ab\t #h in*es wide1 & f #i to #aj in*es long2 pa/e ^! /rips all ov]1 & roll !m r\nd ! iron rod closely & neatly4 ,:5 ?is is done1 remove ! case ?us =m$ f ! rod )\t te>+ or break+ x1 & set x aside to dry4 ,:5 dry x w be v h>d & /iff4 ,x c !n be cut1 by means ( a v %>p knife1 into little l5g?s ( half-an-in* ea*4 ,^! l5g?s are ! op5 pill-boxes1 into :i* y\r composition is to be ramm$ = col\r$ rocket />s4 ,9 ord] to accompli% ! fill+ ( ^! cases ) ! lea/ am\nt ( tr\ble1 procure a piece ( /ick1 ( a conv5i5t l5g?1 & ( su* a size r\nd t x w pass easily into ! pill-boxes4 ,next take a small piece ( quick-mat*1 ab\t #a in* long1 & pass x ?r\gh ! pill-box 9 su* a mann] t x may project beyond ea* end ab\t half-an-in* 7see ,fig4 #ca74 ,y w be able to /eady ! pill-box :ile fill+ x by hold+ x by ^! two ends ( quick-mat*4 ,! composition press$ into ^! boxes is always slightly moi/5$2 & by ?is means1 :5 once dry1 w n be liable to be %ak5 out aga94 ,9 mak+1 h[ev]1 any trials ( y\r col\r$ /> compositions = y\r own satisfaction be=e mak+ a l>ge bat* ( />s1 y _h bett] press ! composition 9 dry2 by ?is means y w be able to see at once :at _! p]=mance is wor?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ca4 ,! fluid t ,i employ = moi/5+ ^! col\r$ compositions is a solution ( %ellac 9 me?ylat$ spirits ( w9e4 ,z %ellac ent]s into ! composition ( _m ( ^! col\rs1 x w n be necess>y to make y\r solution a /rong "o4 ,x %\ld be ( ! ?ickness ( ! ord9>y _s v>ni%es1 su* z photograph]s use = coat+ _! negative pictures4 ,! exact /r5g? is n a matt] ( any great importance1 z long z y d n make ! solution too ri* 9 %ellac2 = by do+ ?is y w impair ! purity ( y\r col\r to "s ext5t4 ,rememb] t y mu/ make ^! compositions wet4 ,a v slight moi/5+ is suffici5t to make !m b9d well :5 press$ into _! cases4 ,! fir/ col\r ( :i* ,i %all speak w be ! r$1 or crimson4 ,x is 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is col\r t y mu/ be mo/ c>eful ab\t dryness4 ,,crimson ,,/>s4 #ag4 ,! composition :i* foll[s is1 9 my op9ion1 ! be/ = ,,crimson ,,/>s4 ,*lorate ( pota% #bd p>ts ,nitrate ( /rontia #cb ,calomel #ab ,sulphur #f ,%ellac #f ,sulphide ( copp] #b ,*>coal 7f9e7 #b ,?is composition gives a magnific5t deep crimson :5 burnt at night4 ,d n be disappo9t$1 if1 9 y\r exp]im5ts 9 ! day-"t1 ! col\r %\ld n appe> v deep4 ,rememb] t !re are two k9ds ( col\rs 9 pyrote*ny1 & t beyond a c]ta9 po9t x is impossible to amalgamate _! respective qualities4 ,! fir/ ( ^! two k9ds is ! col\r :i* has a consid]able dep? ( t9t1 b :i* has n mu* reflective or illum9ative p[]4 ,! o!r k9d is t :i* has a v decid$1 b n s deep1 t9t1 & :i* is capable ( surr\nd+ itself ) a lum9\s atmosph]e ( col\r dur+ its combu/ion--9 fact1 :i* has great brilliancy & p[] ( illum9at+ objects4 ,n[ ! la/ ( ^! two k9ds is ! prop] "o to be employ$ = /> purposes4 ,we %\ld nev] desire to produce a %[] ( dead-look+ />s1 h[ev] int5se _! col\r might be4 ,x is also an asc]ta9$ fact t ! col\r ( />s always appe>s deep] :5 se5 f a di/ance4 ,d n !n be disappo9t$1 ,i repeat1 if ! col\r appe>s some:at weak :5 y are mak+ a trial ( y\r composition j "u y\r eyes 9 ! day-"t4 ,n[1 ) reg>d to ! crimson /> composition above1 rememb] t ,i only say t x is "o t succe$s 9 my h&s4 ,y may1 p]haps1 ?9k x too rapid 9 its combu/ion1 9 :i* case y c increase ! proportion ( calomel1 or decrease t ( ! *lorate ( pota%4 ,! calomel has ! effect ( deep5+ ! col\r1 b at ! same "t ( ret>d+ ! combu/ion1 & ( weak5+ ! illum9ative p[]4 ,! %ellac mu/ be 9 z f9e a p[d] z possible2 x has ! effect ( produc+ a ri*1 ?ick flame1 & also ( r5d]+ m sulphur unnecess>y4 ,x also enables ! composition1 aft] hav+ be5 wett$ ) ! above fluid1 to h>d5 into a mass tol]ably imp]vi\s to moi/ure4 ,! sulphide ( copp] is us$ = ! purpose ( giv+ a v slight blui% t9t to ! flame1 & !reby ( neutralis+ any yell[ t might impair ! purity ( ! crimson1 aris+ f impurity ( ! *emicals4 ,y %\ld keep all ^! +r$i5ts ready p[d]$1 dri$1 & sift$ ?r\gh y\r #dj-me% sift]2 & !n1 :5 y require />s1 y w hav+ no?+ to d b to weigh out ! proportions giv5 9 ! =mula1 & mix !m on pap] ) a spatula4 ,! m y h&le ! nitrate ( /rontia1 or any composition conta9+ x1 ! moi/] x w become1 & ! less effect x w produce4 ,!re=e d n ?9k ( mix+ ! +r$i5ts till y are ready to make y\r />s1 & h a conv5i5t1 dry1 w>m place 9 :i* to /[ !m :5 made4 ,y c procure ! ?+s m5tion$ 9 ! above receipt1 &1 9 fact1 ^? requir$ = all ! col\r$ compositions1 ( ,mr4 ,d>by1 #ih1 ,reg5t ,/reet1 ,lambe?4 ,b1 9 case y may ?9k x desirable to prep>e & dry y\r nitrate ( /rontia y\rself1 ,i give y ! foll[+ directions-- ,procure a common e>!nw>e pipk91 or1 /ill bett]1 a glaz$ iron fry+-pan ( a conv5i5t size4 ,into ?is place y\r nitrate ( /rontia 9 r\gh cry/als4 ,"o or two p\nds w be suffici5t to prep>e at a "t4 ,place ! vessel on a cle> fire1 b d n make x too hot4 ,!re is n ! slighte/ dang] ( explosion1 z ?is salt _c be induc$ to burn except 9 comb9ation ) o!r ?+s4 ,y mu/ n[ boil1 or r /ew1 ! cry/als 9 _! own wat] ( cry/allisation4 ,! heat w soon cause !m to run into a ?ick pulpy mass4 ,:5 9 ?is /ate1 !y mu/ be con/antly /irr$1 or ^u ! evaporation ( ! moi/ure !y w resume a cry/all9e =m4 ,?is y wi% p>ticul>ly to avoid1 z y\r object is to get ?is mass into p[d]4 ,cont9ue !n to /ir x ) a /ick or flat piece ( wood until ! moi/ure is driv5 (f by ! heat1 & ! salt rema9s 9 ! condition ( a :ite dry s&4 ,a few trials w enable y to p]=m ?is op]ation 9 su* a mann] t aft] x ! /rontia w be ready at once = use4 ,if1 h[ev]1 en\gh /irr+ did n take place1 y w f9d "s fus$ lumps among y\r dry prep>ations2 ^! mu/ be p\nd$ 9 a mort>1 & aft]w>ds dri$4 ,! op]ation describ$ above is v simple1 & does n take long to p]=m4 ,no /rontia c be us$ = col\r$ />s or fires unprep>$4 ,if1 aft] keep+ ! dri$ nitrate ( /rontia = "s "t1 y f9d t x is aga9 becom+ moi/1 x may be re-dri$1 ei!r 9 ! vessel us$ above1 or 9 an op5 di% plac$ 9 a well-heat$ ov54 ,?is op]ation is prop] also = ! prep>ation ( ! nitrate ( b>yta4 ,= ! solution ( %ellac y w f9d ! foll[+ plan a conv5i5t "o3--,make a v /rong solution ( ! res9 9 me?ylat$ _s ( w9e1 :i* %all be z ?ick z treacle4 ,z y require y\r ?9n] solution = moi/5+ col\r$ /> compositions1 dilute a portion ( ! ?ick] solution ) ! me?ylat$ _s to ! /r5g? requir$4 ,! sulphur us$ 9 all col\r$ compositions %\ld be z free z possible f acid2 o!rwise1 :5 mix$ ) *lorate ( pota%1 x may be dang]\s4 ,if y h any d\bt ab\t x1 wa% ! sulphur 9 a solution ( common pota% 9 wat]1 & dry x gradually4 ,! acid w be entirely neutralis$ by ?is plan4 ,nev] ?9k ( p\nd+ sulphur & *lorate ( pota% toge!r2 !y =m a detonat+ comp\nd :i* w explode ) friction or p]cussion4 ,! compositions t ,i "h give = col\rs are p]fectly safe :5 made z ,i direct4 ,i h made col\r$ />s f !m1 & plac$ ^! />s at ! side ( a fireplace till !y h become s hot t ,i c\ld n be> !m 9 my h&s1 & ,i h subject$ !m to sev]al te/s1 all ( :i* !y h /ood well2 & ,i ?9k ,i may safely recomm5d !m to y z n at all liable to spontane\s combu/ion or possess$ ( any dang]\s quality4 ,i mu/ tell y1 h[ev]1 t !y may be heat$ till !y explode1 b x is q unnecess>y & v fooli% to expose !m to any high temp]ature at all4 ,9 dry+ !m1 a good plan is to put !m 9 front ( a fire 9 a flat t9 box1 :i* w prev5t any *ance ( _! be+ ignit$1 & w at ! same "t keep !m 9 a ?or\ghly dry atmosph]e till !y become p]fectly h>d4 ,! box may be plac$ ab\t two feet f ! fire1 s t x becomes mod]ately w>m4 ,9 fill+ ! pill-boxes ) composition1 put a piece ( quick-mat* ?r\gh !m1 z direct$ above1 & hold !m by ! two project+ ends ( mat*4 ,let a %ort groove be cut 9 ! side ( ! /ick ) :i* y press 9 ! composition1 l>ge en\gh to all[ x to pass ! quick-mat* )\t injur+ x4 ,,rose-,,col\r$ ,,/>s4 #ah4 ,i n[ give y a composition = produc+ ,,rose-,,col\r$ ,,/>s4 ,no4 #b4 ,*lorate ( pota% #bj p>ts4 ,c>bonate ( /rontia #h ,calomel #aj ,%ellac #b ,sulphur #c ,*>coal 7f9e7 #a "p ,! advantage ( ?is composition is t x is n at all liable to suff] f damp 9 w9t]4 ,! c>bonate ( /rontia is a salt n deliquesc5t l ! nitrate1 & is1 moreov]1 always to be _h 9 a /ate ( f9e p[d]4 ,! col\r procur$ by ! above =mula is n s deep z t :i* ! fir/ composition w produce2 b x is especially beautiful :5 contra/$ ) an int5se blue4 ,if its combu/ion %\ld be ?\ght too rapid1 less ( ! *lorate ( pota% may be employ$4 ,x is to be moi/5$ ) ! solution ( %ellac4 ,,gre5 ,,/>s4 #ai4 ,our next col\r w be ! gre54 ,i h especially obs]v$ t />s ( ?is col\r always appe> f> m int5se :5 burn+ at a di/ance ?an :5 close to ! spectator4 ,! col\r produc$ by ! nitrate ( b>yta is nev] v deep :]e any great rapidity ( combu/ion is requir$4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 an exce$+ly pretty t9t1 & is se5 to its greate/ advantage :5 us$ 9 contra/ ) a ri* r$4 ,i employ ! foll[+ =mula = ,,gre5 ,,rocket ,,/>s4 ,no4 #c4 ,*lorate ( pota% #bj p>ts4 ,nitrate ( b>yta #dj ,calomel #aj ,sulphur #h ,%ellac #c ,*>coal 7f9e7 #a "p4 ,sulphide ( copp] #a ,! composition made accord+ to ?is =mula w produce a col\r :i* leaves no?+ to be desir$1 if ! sev]al +r$i5ts be only 9 f9e p[d]1 dry1 & pure4 ,x is n affect$ by moi/ure ne>ly s mu* z any composition conta9+ nitrate ( /rontia4 ,! %ellac employ$ %\ld be z f9e z possible4 ,& "h let me rem>k t ! r$uction ( %ellac to p[d] is a process ( itself2 no co>sely-p[d]$ %ellac w answ] y\r purpose4 ,mr4 ,d>by w supply y ) x 9 f9e p[d] q z *eaply z y c get x done else:]e4 ,composition ,no4 #c is to be moi/5$ ) ! solution ( %ellac4 ,! sulphide ( copp] y may h "s difficulty 9 procur+4 ,y are sure1 h[ev]1 to meet ) x at ! %op ( ,messrs4 ,bolton & ,co41 #adf1 ,holborn-,b>s1 ,london1 b y mu/ ask = ! fus$ sulphide ( copp]1 = !re is a precipitat$ sulphide also1 :i* is ( no use to y4 ,d n use any ( x t w n pass ?r\gh y\r #dj-me% sift]4 ,i add ?is +r$i5t r z an improvem5t ?an z necess>y to ! composition4 ,y may sub/itute = x1 if y please1 ! prep>ation ( copp] :i* ,i am ab\t to recomm5d 9 ! composition = blue />s4 ,if composition ,no4 #c %\ld be ?\ght too fi]ce1 try ! addition ( a little m calomel4 ,,pale ,,rose-,,col\r$ ,,/>s4 #bj4 ,! next =mulas t ,i %all give are two :i* ,i h occasionally us$ & f\nd effective4 ,_! m]it is t !y possess a v int5se illum9ative p[]2 _! col\r1 h[ev]1 is n s int5se z t ( ^? :i* ,i h already giv54 ,!y h also ! advantage ( be+ v readily ignit$1 b c>e mu/ be tak5 n to expose !m to a high temp]ature 9 dry+4 ,! foll[+ are _! =mulas3-- ,,pale ,,rose-,,col\r$ ,,/>s4 ,no4 #d4 ,nitrate ( /rontia #h p>ts4 ,*lorate ( pota% #d ,sulphur #c ,sulphuret ( antimony #b ,take especial c>e t ! nitrate ( /rontia us$ 9 ?is =mula be v dry4 #ba4 ,,pale-,,gre5 ,,/>s4 ,,pale-,,gre5 ,,/>s4 ,no4 #e4 ,nitrate ( b>yta #af p>ts4 ,*lorate ( pota% #h ,sulphur #f ,antimony #c ,! compositions made f bo? ^! =mulas give a pale col\r :5 se5 close2 b :5 fall+ f a rocket1 & view$ at a di/ance1 produce a v *>m+ effect1 p>ticul>ly :5 contra/$ "o aga9/ ! o!r4 ,!y mu/ be moi/5$ ) ! solution ( %ellac4 ,,gold5-,,yell[ ,,/>s4 #bb4 ,! next col\r t we w deal ) is ! yell[4 ,! composition = ?is col\r is a v satisfactory "o1 on acc\nt ( its hav+ no t5d5cy to det]ioration f damp4 ,!re are _m =mulas us$ = ?is col\r direct+ ! use ( ! nitrate ( soda4 ,?is salt is1 if any?+1 m difficult to keep dry ?an ! nitrate ( /rontia4 ,i !re=e h ab&on$ x = ano!r prep>ation1 :i* ,i believe to be z effective & ?or\ghly p]man5t4 ,i recomm5d ! foll[+ = ,,gold5-,,yell[ ,,/>s4 ,no4 #f4 ,*lorate ( pota% #bj p>ts4 ,nitrate ( b>yta #cj ,oxalate ( soda #ae ,sulphur #h ,%ellac #d ,if x be ?\ght advisable to give ! />s made f ?is =mula a tail$ appe>ance1 add "o "p ( f9e *>coal4 ,! composition is to be moi/5$ ) ! %ellac solution4 ,! />s =m a beautiful contra/ ) ^? ( an int5se blue4 ,,blue ,,/>s4 #bc4 ,& n[ comes ! la/1 &1 9 my op9ion1 ! mo/ beautiful col\r ( all4 ,?is is ! blue4 ,x has g5]ally be5 consid]$ a v dang]\s col\r1 b ! foll[+ =mulas ,i h always f\nd ?or\ghly safe3-- ,,blue ,,/>s4 ,no4 #g4 ,*lorate ( pota% #h p>ts4 ,sulphide ( copp] #f ,*]ti]'s copp] #e ,sulphur #d ,or1 ,no4 #h4 ,*lorate ( pota% #ab ,*]ti]'s copp] #f ,sulphur #d ,calomel #a "p4 ,^! =mulas give a r pale b v brilliant blue4 ,! compositions h ! advantage ( be+ v readily ignit$4 ,,purple ,,/>s4 #bd4 ,if a deep] blue is requir$1 use ! foll[+1 :i* ,i %all dignify by ! "n ( ,,purple ,,/>s4 ,no4 #i4 ,*lorate ( pota% #af p>ts4 ,*]ti]'s copp] #ab ,calomel #h ,/e>9e #b ,sulphur #b ,%ellac #a "p4 ,?is gives ! mo/ int5se blue t ,i h se5 us$ 9 pyrote*ny1 &1 ) crimson or yell[ />s1 =ms a truly magnific5t contra/4 ,*]ti]'s copp] is a prep>ation discov]$ by a ,fr5*man ( t "n1 & p>ticul>ly adapt$ to ! requirem5ts ( ! pyrote*ni/4 ,x is made z foll[s3--,take any quantity ( common sulphate ( copp] 7blue vitriol7 & dissolve x 9 z little wat] z possible2 !n take an equal quantity by weight ( *lorate ( pota% & dissolve x also 9 z little wat] z w hold x 9 solution4 ,mix ^! two solutions1 & boil !m g5tly ov] a cle> fire until ! moi/ure is ne>ly evaporat$2 !n dry ! gre5 precipitate t rema9s by a g5tle heat4 ,:5 dry treat x ) /rong liquor ammoni till x *anges to a deep blue col\r2 !n let x dry v gradually 9 a w>m place4 ,if ?is op]ation be prop]ly p]=m$ y w h a f9e1 v light blue p[d]1 :i* is 9 reality a *lorate ( pota% ) copp] & ammonia4 ,?is is :at ,i designate z ,*]ti]'s copp]4 ,messrs4 ,bolton & ,co4 w no d\bt prep>e x = y if y please4 ,! /e>9e employ$ 9 ! above composition mu/ be 9 f9e p[d]4 ,x is easily r$uc$ to ?is /ate by be+ treat$ 9 ! same way z camphor or sp]maceti4 ,if a few drops ( spirits ( w9e are us$ ) x1 x c be p[d]$ 9 a mort>4 ,compositions ,nos4 #g1 #h1 & #i1 mu/ be moi/5$1 ,,n ) ! solution ( %ellac1 b ) ! gum-wat] :i* h recomm5d$ to be us$ 9 mak+ up ! brilliant />s4 ,c>e1 h[ev]1 %\ld be tak5 t = ?is purpose ! gum-wat] has n become acid by long /&+4 ,a v little ( ! fluid w make ! composition b9d well1 & w enable y to =m f x />s ( great t5acity & h>dness4 ,i ?9k n[ t want ( v>iety is a ?+ t y c h>dly compla9 (2 b ,i mu/ beg y to be> 9 m9d ! foll[+ p>ticul>s3-- ,! />s ( :i* ,i h at pres5t spok5 are only = rocket purposes2 !y are n to be us$ = ,roman c&les4 ,ano!r plan is adopt$ ) ref]5ce to ^!1 & _! prep>ation w be describ$ 9 its prop] place4 ,:5 ^! rocket />s are to be us$ "s ( ! p[d] recomm5d$ be=e mu/ be /rew$ among !m2 y c make t mixture weak] if y please1 us+ "o proportion ( f9e *>coal to five or ev5 f\r ( meal-p[d]4 ,! project+ ends ( quick-mat* r5d] ^! />s mu* m c]ta9 ( ignition ?an ! ord9>y cubic />s4 ,x is advisable n to prep>e y\r col\r$ />s until y are ready to use !m1 because1 unless protect$ f damp 9 ! mo/ c>eful mann]1 !y w lose "s ( _! beauty1 & y w !reby n be mak+ ! mo/ ( !m4 ,!y may appe> to y exp5sive ?+s to prep>e1 b y mu/ be> 9 m9d t two or ?ree rockets conta9+ !m are q suffici5t = any "o exhibition su* z ,i suppose y w be likely to give4 ,rememb] t ! r$1 gre51 & blue or purple />s may be us$ mix$ ) a v beautiful effect4 ,! purple & gold51 or purple & crimson1 or rose1 w also =m excell5t contra/s4 ,,gold5 ,,ra9s4 #be4 ,"o species ( rocket decoration1 ! manufacture ( :i* ,i propos$ to describe1 rema9s yet to be consid]$4 ,x is call$ ,gold5 ,ra91 & ) ! details ( its prep>ation we w conclude our subject ( rocket-mak+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cb4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #cc4 ,gold5 ra9s are made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,procure a piece ( brass rod 7,i always pref] brass = =m]s1 because x is n liable to ru/1 z is iron or /eel71 ! diamet] ( :i* is #c-af?s ( an in*1 or r less4 ,! l5g? ( ! =m] may be f #f to #h in*es4 ,y w n[ require "s ?9 br[n or c>tridge pap]1 ( :i* to make y\r cases4 ,cut ?is pap] into %ort /rips1 ab\t #b in*es wide1 & long en\gh1 :5 wrapp$ r\nd ! =m]1 to make a case ^: ext]nal diamet] %\ld be a qu>t] ( an in*1 or r m4 ,! =m] %\ld h a cup-%ap$1 holl[ cut 9 "o ( its ends1 into :i* ! pap] may be turn$1 to =m a clos$ end to y\r little cases4 ,pa/e y\r /rips ( c>tridge pap] all ov]1 & also rub "s pa/e on ! =m]4 ,n[1 hav+ turn$ back "o end ( y\r /rips--7figs4 #cb & #cc7--roll x r\nd ! =m]1 beg9n+ 9 ! mann] "h sket*$1 s t1 in/ead ( roll+ a s+le edge ( pap] r\nd ! =m]1 y are roll+ a d\ble "o4 ,! advantages ( ?is plan = mak+ cases w be m easy = y to see ?an = me to describe4 ,i may /ate1 h[ev]1 t y insure1 by adopt+ x1 a v close & ev5 fit ( ! case to ! =m]2 y secure ! inn] edge ( ! pap] f com+ unfa/5$1 & y are mu* m c]ta9 t y\r /rips w roll up /raightly4 ,?is plan may be adopt$1 if y please1 = all cases4 ,i ?9k x is1 on ! :ole1 ! safe/ & be/4 ,! pa/e :i* y rubb$ on ! =m] w enable y to draw x out f ! case )\t te>+ or injury4 ,b be=e remov+ ! =m] entirely1 draw x out only s f> z to leave its cupp$ end a qu>t] ( an in* inside "o ( ! ends ( y\r case--s f>1 9 fact1 t a qu>t] ( an in* ( y\r case rema9s unoccupi$ by ! =m]4 ,n[ p9* 9 ! pap] t projects beyond ! =m]1 & drive x d[n ) a tap ^u y\r pa/+ slab1 s t ! twi/$ end is press$ into ! cup ( ! =m]4 ,by ?is means y w h a neat & secure end to y\r cases1 :i* may be dipp$ aft]w>ds into w>m size or glue4 ,if a little r$ lead be mix$ ) ?is size1 x w solidify mu* m rapidly4 ,?is dipp+ ! ends ( ! cases into size %\ld n be done until !y are dry f ! pa/e4 ,n[ we come to ! fill+ ( ^! little cases2 & = ?is purpose y w require a simple app>atus1 kn[n among pyrote*ni/s z 8! funnel & wire40 ,! funnel is usually made ( t91 & has at its m\? a %ort tube1 ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* long1 ! ext]ior diamet] ( :i* is equal to ! ext]ior diamet] ( y\r brass =m]1 s t x w exactly fit into ! m\? ( y\r gold5 ra9 cases4 ,! wire %\ld be ( /eel1 ab\t #a-aj? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 & at lea/ #f in*es long4 ,= conv5i5ce 9 work+1 x %\ld h a small wood5 h&le4 ,! h&les sold 9 ! tool-%ops = engrav]s' tools w answ] v well4 ,?is is ! :ole ( ! app>atus requir$ = mak+ gold5 ra9s4 ,! composition employ$ = fill+ ! cases is ! foll[+3-- ,,gold5 ,,ra9s4 ,meal-p[d] #f p>ts4 ,nitre #a "p4 ,f9e *>coal #b p>ts4 ,or1 ,meal-p[d] #h ,f9e *>coal #c ,let ^! +r$i5ts be v intimately mix$4 ,:5 ! composition is ready = use1 place ! tubul> m\? ( ! funnel 9 ! m\? ( "o ( y\r little cases2 & !n put ! wire1 ?r\gh ! neck ( ! funnel1 d[n to ! bottom ( ! case4 ,next1 half fill ! funnel ) "o ( ! above compositions4 ,n[1 /eady+ ! case ) "o h&1 raise ! wire a little by its h&le1 & drive x d[n aga94 ,cont9ue to repeat ?is op]ation1 giv+ ! wire a succession ( %ort1 rapid /rokes4 ,y may give ab\t fifte5 /rokes 9 five seconds4 ,ea* "t ! wire is rais$1 a small quantity ( ! composition falls r\nd x into ! case1 & ! desc5t ( ! wire has ! effect ( driv+ ! composition firmly & compactly into its place4 ,:5 ! case is *>g$1 ! funnel mu/ be remov$1 & ! space t 0 occupi$ by its nozzle fill$ ) gunp[d] pa/e--gunp[d]1 t is1 or meal-p[d] moi/5$ ) gum-wat]4 ,?is w prev5t ! composition f be+ %ak5 out ( ! cases1 & at ! same "t =ms ! be/ me?od ( prim+ !m4 ,take c>e t ?is pa/e is press$ well into ! m\? ( ! cases1 & fills !m4 ,,portfires4 #bf4 ,! 8funnel & wire0 op]ation is "o to :i* ! pyrote*ni/ has rec\rse = _m purposes1 "o ( :i* ,i may z well m5tion "h1 z x may fairly be said to come "u ! head ( rocket manufacture--,i mean ! prep>ation ( portfires4 ,! portfires1 us$ = fir+ rockets & fireworks1 are g5]ally made 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,! =m] = ?is purpose %\ld be ( brass1 & n less ?an a qu>t] ( an in* 9 diamet]1 & ! wire = fill+ !m n less ?an "o-eigh? ( an in*4 ,portfire cases are usually made v ?91 ?ree r\nds ( su* pap] z t on :i* ! ,times is pr9t$ be+ q suffici5t4 ,! cases are prep>$ 9 precisely ! same mann] z t describ$ = gold5 ra9s1 & are also prim$ 9 ! same way4 ,! foll[+ is ! composition :i* ,i use = ,,portfires4 ,nitre #f p>ts ,sulphur #b ,meal-p[d] #a "p4 ,portfires may be made ( almo/ any size1 accord+ to ! purpose = :i* !y are int5d$4 ,y w f9d ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* q l>ge en\gh = ! inn] diamet] ( any t y are likely to require4 ,if !y are to be us$ = fir+ exhibitions1 y w f9d t #h to #ab in*es w be a conv5i5t l5g?4 ,! funnel & wire app>atus is s *eaply made t y w be able to provide y\rself ) two or ?ree sets ( ^! tools1 ( diff]5t sizes1 s z to answ] any purpose4 ,we are ?us br\ght to ! conclusion ( ! subject ( rockets & _! accessories4 ,i tru/ t ,i h made my me?od ( op]ation suffici5tly intelligible & pla94 ,! ma9 difficulty t meets any "o :o attempts to describe a delicate & p>ticul> sy/em ( work+ lies 9 ! fact t :5 "o is ?or\ghly conv]sant ) 8 subject1 p>ticul>ly 9 all its m9uti1 he is v liable to ov]look1 or to treat z unimportant 9 8 directions1 "s po9t because x appe>s trifl+ to him1 & is nev] likely to be =gott5 9 8 practice1 ! involunt>y omission ( :i*1 h[ev]1 may be a frequ5t cause ( failure 9 ! h&s ( o!rs4 ,i h tri$ ?r\gh\t to evade any possibility ( misund]/&+2 & if ,i h be5 too diffuse1 x has be5 solely f ! desire to avoid t :i* has c]ta9ly be5 ! fault ( almo/ all ! treatises on pyrote*ny t ,i h se51 viz41 indi/9ctness aris+ f insuffici5cy ( detail4 ,our next subject %all be t ( ,,roman ,,c&les4 #bg4 ,fireworks ( ?is species are exce$+ly beautiful & effective1 especially :5 made ) col\r$ />s1 & fir$ 9 numb]s4 ,_! manufacture is some:at difficult1 b ! difficulty is "o well wor? ov]com+4 ,i made a consid]able s]ies ( exp]im5ts be=e ,i produc$ a ,roman c&le t answ]$ my expectations4 ,at la/1 h[ev]1 ,i hit ^u a plan :i* has nev] s9ce fail$ 9 my h&s1 & ,i ?9k t1 if ,i c succe$ 9 mak+ my mean+ und]/ood1 & y w und]take to foll[ my directions closely1 y w f9d my plan a good "o4 ,!re are sev]al conditions ^u :i* success dep5ds1 & :i* x w be z well to enum]ate4 ,a poor ,roman c&le is n wor? mak+4 ,if y wi% to produce "o t w satisfy y1 rememb]-- #a/4--,t y mu/ h a composition to burn 9 ! int]vals betwe5 ! />s1 :i* w produce z good an effect :5 ! ,roman c&le is almo/ sp5t z :5 fir/ light$--9 fact1 :i* w ?r[ a jet ( fire uni=mly good ?r\gh\t4 #bnd4--,t y\r />s mu/ be h>d en\gh to resi/ ! pressure ( ! drift ) :i* y consolidate ! composition4 #crd4--,t ! />s mu/ be ( tol]ably rapid combu/ion1 o!rwise !y w n be ignit$ be=e !y are bl[n into ! air4 #d?4--,t ! *>ges ( p[d] = bl[+ ! />s mu/ be regulat$ to a great nicety4 ,if too small1 !y w n ?r[ !m high en\gh2 if too l>ge1 !y may bur/ ! case1 or spoil ! int5d$ effect ( ! />s1 or s di/urb ! composition bel[ !m t ?ree or f\r ( ! />s w be fir$ 9 rapid succession1 or almo/ in/antane\sly4 ,n[1 ! fir/ ?+ to be consid]$ is ! size ( :i* ,roman c&les are to be made4 ,i make !m ( "o size only1 = ,i h f\nd t x is mu* m conv5i5t to h b "o size ( />s to prep>e1 & "o size ( cases to roll1 & "o scale ( p[d]-*>ge to rememb]1 ?an to run ! risk ( confusion by hav+ to ?9k ( v>i\s sizes4 ,besides1 all ! effect t ^! pieces are capable ( c be produc$ by my "o size4 ,?is size is t call$ ! #b-oz4 ,roman c&le4 ,! =m] = ! cases mu/ be five-eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 & %\ld be #ah in*es long4 ,^! fireworks require r a l>ge am\nt ( pap] & imp]ial bo>d = ! manufacture ( _! cases4 ,a good /\t case may be made z foll[s3--,cut y\r %eets ( #gj-lb4 br[n pap] into halves1 & y\r %eets ( imp]ial bo>d into six equal pieces4 ,"o ( ^! pieces1 ) "o half-%eet ( #gj-lb4 pap]1 w make "o case4 ,pa/e y\r pieces ( imp]ial bo>d all ov]1 z well z ! %eets ( pap]4 ,rub "s pa/e on y\r =m]1 & proce$ to roll a piece ( ! pa/$ bo>d tightly & smoo?ly r\nd ! =m] till all b ab\t two in*es ( x is roll$4 ,!n take ! pa/$ half-%eet ( br[n pap]1 & roll ?is ^u ! imp]ial bo>d 9 ! mann] describ$ = mak+ gold5 ra9 cases4 ,! me?od !re giv5 is ( especial value :5 ! cases t y are mak+ are ( consid]able l5g?1 because x enables y to roll ! pap] & bo>d v /raightly1 :i* _c be done s easily by any o!r means t ,i "k (4 ,! cases ?us made w be pa/$ ?r\gh\t & c be easily remov$ f (f ! =m]4 ,!y w be ab\t #ad in*es long1 :i* is a v good size4 ,y c1 ( c\rse1 make !m %ort] = exp]im5ts1 b y w f9d ! above size n too l>ge = exhibition purposes4 ,i d n ?9k x w d to make ! cases v mu* ?9n] ?an ,i h direct$1 b a few exp]im5ts w decide :at l5g? or ?ickness ( case succe$s be/ 9 y\r h&s4 ,i h giv5 y my size1 :i* ,i h no wi% to alt]4 ,n[ ! next ?+ to be done is to prep>e ! />s4 ,^! are made 9 a tubul> m\ld1 ! exact size ( :i* ,i h sket*$ 9 ! page ( illu/rations1 ,fig4 #cg4 ,b be=e giv+ y directions = mak+ ^! />s1 ,i may z well furni% y ) a few =mulas = _! composition4 ,,:ite ,,roman-,,c&le ,,/>s4 #bh4 ,! brilliant />s may be made ( ! same composition z t giv5 y = rocket />s ( t k9d4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y require a m :ite />1 use ! foll[+3-- ,,:ite ,,roman-,,c&le ,,/>s4 ,composition ,no4 #a4 ,nitre #dh p>ts4 ,sulphur #aj ,regulus ( antimony #h ,realg> #f ,r$ lead #d ,%ellac #a "p4 ,?is =mula gives a mu* pur] :ite ?an ! =mula = ord9>y brilliant />s1 :i* are always blui% 9 t9t4 ,composition ,no4 #a mu/ be moi/5$ ) ! solution ( %ellac recomm5d$ = rocket />s4 ,,yell[ ,,roman-,,c&le ,,/>s4 #bi4 ,yell[ ,roman-c&le />s may be made f ! same =mula z t giv5 = yell[ rocket />s4 ,,greek ,,roman-,,c&le ,,/>s4 #cj4 ,greek ,roman-c&le />s may be made f ! =mulas giv5 = rocket />s2 b !re is also ano!r =mula1 :i* produces a r deep] t9t1 b is h>dly rapid en\gh 9 combu/ion = rocket />s4 ,x is ! foll[+3-- ,,gre5 ,,roman-,,c&le ,,/>s4 ,composition ,no4 #b4 ,nitrate ( b>yta #dj p>ts4 ,*lorate ( pota% #bj ,calomel #ab ,sulphur #ab ,%ellac 7f9e7 #d ,*>coal 7f9e7 #a "p4 ,?is composition mu/ be moi/5$ ) ! solution ( %ellac4 ,x w produce a mo/ lovely col\r1 if ! b>yta be pure4 ,,crimson1 ,,rose1 ,,blue1 ,,& ,,purple ,,roman-,,c&le ,,/>s4 #ca4 ,! =mulas = crimson1 rose1 blue1 & purple ,roman-c&le />s are ! same z giv5 = rocket />s1 & mu/ be moi/5$ ) ! liquid direct$ 9 my la/ pap] z prop] = ea* "o4 ,y h n[ =mulas = mak+ brilliant1 :ite1 gold51 gre51 crimson1 rose1 blue1 & purple />s4 ,,roman-,,c&le ,,/>s 7,to ,make74 #cb4 ,9 ord] to make ! />s1 moi/5 ! compositions v slightly4 ,! m\ld 9 :i* ^! />s are %ap$ is a brass tube ( a size proportion$ to ! size ( ! ,roman-c&le case1 & is g5]ally ab\t "o-sixte5? ( an in* small] 9 its inn] diamet] ?an ! case4 ,! drift ) :i* ! composition is press$ into ! tube is made ( boxwood or metal1 & fits easily into ! tubul> m\ld4 ,at "o ( its ends !re is a wire po9t4 ,place ! end hav+ ! po9t 9 ! m\ld z f> z x w g4 ,y w f9d a space left at ! end ( ! m\ld unoccupi$ by ! drift4 ,press ?is empty end ( ! tube into ! slightly-moi/5$ composition until x is fill$ by x1 s t ! drift1 be+ driv5 d[n ^u ! composition1 w compress x into a firm cyl9drical mass1 into ! c5tre ( :i* ! wire po9t projects4 ,figures #ce1 #cg1 & #ci1 repres5t ! m\ld1 drift1 & f9i%$ />4 ,:5 ! /> is ?us =m$ 9 ! m\ld ! drift mu/ be rev]s$1 & its long pla9 end ins]t$1 & ! /> pu%$ out4 ,! object ( mak+ ! /> holl[ is t x may dry & h>d5 p]fectly 9 its c5tre4 ,if heat is employ$ to dry ! />s1 !y h a t5d5cy to h>d5 outside rapidly1 & !reby an imp]vi\s coat+ is =m$1 ?r\gh :i* ! inn] moi/ure _c evaporate4 ,?is difficulty is obviat$ by leav+ a hole 9 ! c5tre ( ! />1 & ?is hole is made ( use = ano!r important purpose--namely1 ! prim+ ( ! />4 ,my plan = insur+ ! ignition ( ! />s is1 z f> z ,i "k1 peculi> to myself1 & ,i h ! satisfaction ( kn[+ t x has nev] fail$ me4 ,"s pyrote*ni/s recomm5d ! sme>+ ( ! /> ) a v combu/ible pa/e2 ?is plan1 h[ev]1 mu/ to "s ext5t injure ! col\r ( ! />4 ,i simply place a little piece ( quick-mat* into ! hole 9 ! />1 & all[ x to project ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* above4 ,by ?is means ev5 sl[ly-combu/ible />s are ignit$1 & almo/ e *ance ( failure is avoid$4 ,?is prim+1 h[ev]1 %\ld n be done until ! />s are to be put into ! cases--at all ev5ts1 till !y are p]fectly dry4 ,_! dry+ may be effect$ naturally out-(-doors 9 ! summ]1 :5 a v few h\rs' exposure 9 ! sun w r5d] !m ?or\ghly h>d & fit = use4 ,9 ! w9t] "t1 h[ev]1 artificial heat %\ld be us$4 ,i always f9d t ! m rapidly1 up to a c]ta9 po9t1 ^! />s are h>d5$1 ! bett] !y keep4 ,no?+1 h[ev]1 w be ga9$ by hurry+ !m ?r\gh ?is process1 except a dang] ( _! explod+4 ,place !m c>efully1 & n t\*+ "o ano!r1 9 a t9 box hav+ a lid1 & let ?is box rema9 at su* a di/ance be=e a fire t x c become ?or\ghly w>m1 n hot1 till ! />s are ?\ght h>d en\gh to be put away4 ,!y %\ld be kept1 :5 dry1 9 closely-/opp]$ bottles 9 a dry place4 ,ea* /> w weigh1 at lea/1 ?irty gra9s4 ,,composition ,,= ,,roman ,,c&les4 #cc4 ,i mu/ n[ suppose y\r />s & cases to be ready = use2 &1 !re=e1 ! next ?+ to be consid]$ w be ! composition :i* is to =m ! int]vals betwe5 ! />s 9 ! cases4 ,= ?is purpose ,i give y ?ree =mulas4 ,,composition ,,= ,,roman ,,c&les4 ,no4 #a4 ,nitre #ah p>ts4 ,sulphur #f ,*>coal 7f9e7 #g ,meal-p[d] #d ,?is composition is "o :i* answ]s v well4 ,i ?9k1 h[ev]1 t ! foll[+ is bett]1 be+ r m rapid 9 its combu/ion1 & ?us capable ( produc+ a m decid$ effect :5 burn+ at ! l[] end ( ! case3-- ,no4 #b4 ,nitre #af p>ts4 ,meal-p[d] #h ,*>coal 7f9e7 #f ,sulphur #f ,?is is ! composition :i* ,i g5]ally employ4 ,bo? ( ^! =mulas give r a du/y mixture1 & c be us$ ) mu* great] cleanl9ess & com=t if slightly moi/5$4 ,only s mu* spirits ( w9e or g9 mu/ be us$ z w r5d] !m less du/y1 & n wet4 ,! foll[+ composition is v useful1 b produces r a jet ( flame ) sp>ks ?an a ri* sp>kl+ f\nta93-- ,no4 #c4 ,nitre #af p>ts4 ,meal-p[d] #aa ,sulphur #f ,antimony #d ,?is composition is ( a m heavy & less du/y nature1 b c also be slightly moi/5$1 if y f9d x m conv5i5t to use x :5 ?us treat$4 ,take c>e t 9 ea* case ! +r$i5ts are well mix$4 ,,roman-,,c&le ,,cases 7,to ,fill74 #cd4 ,hav+ select$ "o ( ! above compositions1 y w n[ be ready to fill y\r cases4 ,= ?is "p ( y\r "w y w require a small turn$ block ( wood1 l t drawn 9 ! page ( illu/rations 7fig4 #dj74 ,?is block ) its project+ piece is call$ a 8settle40 ,"o end ( y\r ,roman-c&le case is press$ ov] ! upp] "p ( ?is settle1 :i* is made ( a size to fit into x tightly4 ,by ?is means ! case w be support$ :ile x is be+ fill$4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be done is to close up "o end ( ! case4 ,?is is done by ramm+ 9 a small quantity ( dry pott]'s clay1 su* z y us$ = rockets2 ?is be+ driv5 d[n ov] ! top ( ! settle w =m a v h>d1 firm end4 ,,*>ges ,,= ,,roman ,,c&les4 #ce4 ,we n[ h to ent] ^u ! mo/ difficult "p ( ! manufacture ( ,roman c&les4 ,?is is ! regulation ( ! *>ges ( p[d] :i* are to bl[ ! />s into ! air4 ,^! are s small1 & necess>ily s1 t unless _! quantity be v accurately measur$ y are v likely to spoil ! p]=mance ( ! :ole4 ,! foll[+ table w give y an approximate idea ( ! quantity t ea* *>ge %\ld conta92 b s mu* dep5ds ^u ! quality ( ! gunp[d] :i* y employ1 t x is impossible to give y any?+ m ?an an approximation3-- ,= ! #a/ /> #c gra9s4 #bnd #d #crd #d #d? #e #e? #e #f? #f #g? #f #h? #g #i? #h #aj? #cj ,gunp[d] ex]ts m or less =ce 9 its combu/ion 9 proportion z x meets ) m or less resi/ance4 ,x is 9 accordance ) ?is pr9ciple t ^? *>ges ( gunp[d] :i* are at or ne> ! l[] end ( ! ,roman-c&le case1 are oblig$ to be mu* small] ?an ^? plac$ ne>] its m\?4 ,if x 7 n s1 & all ! *>ges 7 alike1 :5 ! combu/ion rea*$ a c]ta9 po9t ! case w\ld be bur/4 ,y mu/ modify ! quantities giv5 9 ! above table until y produce ! greate/ & be/ effect ) ! greate/ economy ( p[]4 ,i ?9k t ! five fir/ *>ges w n require to be alt]$ mu*4 ,i h giv5 *>ges = t5 />s4 ,y ne$ n1 ( c\rse1 put s _m into ! case2 b y %\ld n put 9 less ?an eight4 ,all mu/ dep5d 9 ?is matt] ^u ! quantity ( composition :i* y l to use 9 ! int]vals betwe5 ! />s4 ,only be sure to keep ! two la/ *>ges ( gunp[d] always ! same1 & d n place ! two la/ />s too ne> ! m\? ( ! case4 ,! reason :y ^! rules mu/ be obs]v$ is t ! =ce ( ! *>ges ( gunp[d] :i* lie ne> ! m\? ( ! case is s soon sp5t1 t if ! />s are too ne> ! m\? ( ! ,roman c&le !y w d little m ?an fall out ( ! case1 in/ead ( be+ bl[n to _! prop] height4 ,! fir/ /> means1 n t "o :i* is fir$ fir/ f ! ,roman c&le1 b t :i* is fir/ put into x4 ,y\r be/ plan = measur+ ! *>ges ( p[d] is to h "s small scoops or ladles made ( v ?9 %eet-brass1 ( ! same %ape z t us$ 9 fill+ rockets1 & capable ( hold+ exactly ! "r *>ge ( p[d] = ea* />4 ,?is is ! only plan t ,i am aw>e ( = insur+ ) any accuracy ! v>i\s quantities4 ,n[1 hav+ y\r />s prim$1 z direct$ above1 ) quick-mat*1 y\r clay ramm$ firmly into ! l[] end ( ! case1 & y\r composition ready moi/5$ = use1 y mu/ cut "s ?9 t\*-pap] into squ>es ( an in* 9 size4 ,next y mu/ be provid$ ) a r\nd /ick ) a flat end1 :i* w pass easily into ! case f "o end to ! o!r1 n %ort] ?an eighte5 in*es4 ,y\r mat]ials & app>atus are n[ complete4 ,fir/ put into ! case ! fir/ *>ge ( gunp[d]1 & take c>e t ?is f9ds its way to ! bottom ( ! case2 drop 9 next ! fir/ />1 ) its prim+ upw>ds4 ,take c>e also t ! /> lies directly ^u ! *>ge ( p[d]4 ,n[1 by means ( ano!r brass scoop made to hold ! prop] quantity ( composition1 put into ! case half ! quantity t is to be ramm$ betwe5 ! fir/ & second />s4 ,y mu/ !n press ?is into its place by means ( y\r ramm+-/ick4 ,?is c be done ) ! h&1 )\t any mallet4 ,! weight ( a mallet w\ld break ! /> b5ea?4 ,rememb] always to ram 9 ! composition :i* is to =m ! int]val betwe5 ! />s 9 two quantities4 ,if y attempt to ram x all 9 at once x w n be suffici5tly consolidat$1 & its combu/ion w be too rapid4 ,! quantity ( composition mu/ dep5d entirely ^u y\r own ta/e4 ,i g5]ally put 9 z mu*1 9 two quantities1 z w rise ab\t an in* 9 height 9 ! case2 x w n d to put 9 less4 ,!n ^u ! top ( ?is composition put "o ( ! squ>e pieces ( ?9 t\*-pap]4 ,?is may be ramm$ d[n 9 ! same mann] 9 :i* a gun-wadd+ is driv5 ^u ! top ( ! *>ge4 ,! object ( ?is little piece ( t\*-pap] is to prev5t ! *>ge ( p[d] :i* is above x f di/urb+ 9 its explosion ! composition :i* is bel[ x4 ,?is ,i h always f\nd x mo/ effectually does1 & all[s1 moreov]1 ( ! use ( a r /rong] *>ge ( p[d]1 ?an c\ld be employ$ )\t x4 ,hav+ put ?is 9 flatly1 measure out y\r second *>ge ( p[d]1 & put ^u ! top ( x y\r second />1 !n ano!r half-*>ge ( composition1 !n ! rema9+ half-*>ge1 !n ano!r piece ( ?9 t\*-pap]1 & s on till ! case is fill$4 ,! la/ *>ge ( p[d] %\ld n be less ?an two in*es bel[ ! m\? ( ! case4 ,! ,roman c&les %\ld always beg9 ) composition 9 _! burn+4 ,,arrangem5t ,,( ,,/>s4 #cf4 ,) reg>d to ! arrangem5t ( ! />s1 ,i g5]ally v>y ! col\rs z mu* z possible 9 ea* ,roman c&le4 ,if ^! pieces are to be fir$ s+ly1 x matt]s little :at ! ord] ( ! col\rs is2 b if !y are to be fir$ 9 numb]s1 x w be necess>y to arrange !m s t !y d n ?r[ up ! same col\rs at ! same "t4 ,! plan t ,i adopt to prev5t ?is is ! foll[+3--,i make out a li/ ( ! col\r$ />s t ,i h ready to use1 arrang+ !m1 = in/ance1 9 ! foll[+ ord]3--brilliant1 gre51 yell[1 blue1 r$1 :ite1 purple1 rose4 ,! fir/ ,roman c&le may be fill$ ) its />s 9 ?is ord]4 ,9 ! second ,i %\ld beg9 ) ! gre51 9 ! ?ird ) ! yell[1 & s on1 till all t are to be fir$ at once are complet$4 ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,t\*-,,pap]4 #cg4 ,i h spok5 ab\t t\*-pap]1 b ,i d n ?9k t ,i h yet describ$ its prep>ation4 ,?is is v simple4 ,obta9 "s ?9 blue pap]--n s ?9 z tissue-pap]1 b ?9n] ?an ! ord9>y blue pap] us$ by %opkeep]s--bru% or sponge ?is ov] ) a weak solution ( nitre4 ,if ?is solution is made too /rong1 ! nitre w recry/allise z ! wat] evaporates 9 dry+1 & ?is %\ld n be ! case4 ,,quick-,,mat*4 #ch4 ,quick-mat*1 ( a quality good en\gh to answ] = prim+ to ! ,roman-c&le />s1 may be made simply z foll[s3--,make a ?ick pa/e ( gunp[d] & hot wat] ) a small quantity ( gum 9 x4 ,take ab\t f\r /r&s ( cotton1 su* z is sold 9 balls & us$ = mak+ ! wicks ( lamps1 /eep ?is 9 ! solution ( nitre us$ above = mak+ t\*-pap]1 & !n wr+ x z dry z possible2 !n rub x well 9 ! gunp[d] pa/e till x is ?or\ghly cov]$ ) x4 ,"o end ( ! cotton may !n be pass$ ?r\gh a small funnel1 ^: m\? is n m ?an an eigh? ( an in* 9 wid?4 ,by ?is means1 if ! :ole l5g? ( ! cotton is drawn ?r\gh x1 ! sup]flu\s pa/e w be remov$1 & ! mat* w be ( a nice r\nd =m4 ,hang x out-(-doors on a dry day1 & :5 x is ne>ly dry coil x ^u a tray or pap]1 & du/ x ov] ) meal-p[d]4 ,9 w9t] x w n be suffici5tly dry = use "u a week4 ,:5 ?or\ghly dry x %\ld be /iff & h>d1 & ! less x is b5t or d\bl$ ! bett]4 ,if y wi% to use ?is mat* = connect+ ! m\?s ( diff]5t fireworks1 or 8clo?+0 !m1 z x is t]m$1 y mu/ make "s long pap] tubes r\nd a wire =m] :i* has a diamet] ( n less ?an ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in*4 ,^! pipes are ?read$ on ! mat*1 & h a piece cut away at _! side :]ev] !y are ins]t$ into ! m\? ( a case1 9 ord] t ! mat* may be laid b>e & convey its fire to ! prim+ ( ! cases4 ,i h giv5 y ^! %ort h9ts = ! prep>ation ( a quick-mat*4 ,i _c1 h[ev]1 recomm5d y\r act+ ^u !m1 z ! manufacture ( ?is useful article involves a great deal ( v dirty "w4 ,un=tunately1 quick-mat* is r exp5sive to buy1 :ile x may be made at a v trifl+ co/4 ,x is a mo/ indisp5sable accessory1 & if y d>e face ! dirty "w1 y w f9d y\r c\rage w well repay y4 ,y may prep>e x any way t y please1 rememb]+ t all t is necess>y is to coat ! cotton well ) a highly-combu/ible comp\nd1 & "o :i* w dry ?or\ghly4 ,y\r ,roman c&les1 :5 *>g$1 %\ld be f9i%$ ) t\*-pap]2 or ) ord9>y pap]1 to receive ! quick-mat*1 if !y are int5d$ to be fir$ simultane\sly 9 numb]s4 ,i tru/ t ! above directions w enable y to succe$ 9 ! manufacture ( a species ( firework )\t :i* no exhibition c be complete1 & ) :i* s _m & beautiful effects may be produc$4 ,9 case y %\ld pref] to buy y\r *emicals & v>i\s +r$i5ts ( an op]ative *emi/1 ,i beg to ref] y to ,messrs4 ,bolton ,co41 #adf1 ,holborn-b>s1 ,london1 9 ^: prep>ations ,i h great confid5ce1 & :o w und]take to supply y ) all ! articles requir$ 9 pyrote*ny at ! prices 9 ! subjo9$ li/4 ,y w p]ceive t x is mu* m economical to pur*ase !m by ! p\nd :5ev] !y are requir$ 9 su* quantities4 ,_m ( ! ?+s1 h[ev]1 y w ne$ to use only sp>+ly1 & ^!1 !re=e1 may be b\ght by ! ounce4 ,i ?9k ! foll[+ li/ w be f\nd to conta9 ne>ly all ! prep>ations t y w require2 !re may be a few ?+s omitt$1 su*1 = in/ance1 z r$ lead 7us$ 9 ! composition = :ite ,roman-c&le />s71 b ?is c be procur$ ( any c\ntry *emi/ or pa9t]3-- ,p] lb4 ,p] oz4 s4 d4 s4 d4 ,nitre 9 p[d] #j #h ,meal-p[d] #a #j ,sulphur #j #d ,*>coal #d;d4 to #j #h ,calomel #e #j #j #d ,nitrate ( /rontia #a #j #j #a d4 d4 anhydr\s #b #j #j #b ,nitrate ( b>yta #a #j #j #a ,d4 d4 anhydr\s #b #j #j #b ,*]ti]'s copp] #d #f #j #d ,oxalate ( soda #c #j #j #c ,%ellac 9 p[d] #c #j #j #c ,sulphide ( copp] fus$ #b #f #j #b ,realg> #b #j #j #b ,c>bonate ( /rontia #b #j #j #b ,/e>9e #b #j #j #b ,regulus ( antimony #a #i #j #b ,bright /eel fil+s #a #j #j #a ,ca/-iron bor+s #j #f ,p[d]$ glass #a #j #j #a ,i h n[ only to give y a brief description ( ! woodcuts4 ,fig4 #cd repres5ts ! funnel into :i* gold5 ra9 composition is plac$2 ,fig4 #ce ! drift ) :i* x is ramm$2 ,fig4 #cf ! case :i* is to conta9 x2 ,fig4 #cg repres5ts ! tubul> ,roman-c&le /> m\ld2 ,fig4 #ch ! drift ) :i* ! />s are ramm$2 ,fig4 #ci ! f9i%$ /> ) its quick-mat* prim+2 ,fig4 #dj repres5ts ! settle ) its upp] "p on :i* ! ,roman-c&le case is to be support$4 ,! next portion ( our subject ) :i* we h to deal is t :i* comes "u ! head ( ,,g]bes ,,& ,,jets ,,( ,,brilliant1 ,,*9ese1 ,,& ,,common ,,fires4 ,,*9ese ,,& ,,brilliant ,,fires4 #ci4 ,^! are c]ta9ly among ! mo/ beautiful & effective pieces to be met ) 9 ! :ole range ( pyrote*ny4 ,!y %\ld f9d a place 9 e exhibition1 &1 if only prep>$ prop]ly1 accord+ to ! directions :i* ,i am n[ ab\t to give1 w be sure to prove "o ( ! mo/ /rik+ features 9 y\r display4 ,!y h "o great advantage--t !re is no limit to ! modes ( comb9ation or arrangem5t 9 :i* ^! pieces may be effectively employ$4 ,by means ( !m y c make any su* ?+s z ! foll[+3--,f\nta9s ( any size or design1 cascades1 brilliant suns1 ei!r fix$ or revolv+2 b\quets ( ,*9ese fire1 ,pr9ce ( ,wales's fea!rs1 trees ( silv] fl[]s1 & a ?\s& o!r devices :i* w readily occur to y4 ,b1 l _m o!r ?+s :i* are possess$ ( highly useful or ornam5tal qualities1 !y h a correspond+ disadvantage4 ,_! compositions1 to produce ! desir$ effect1 mu/ be made z %ortly z possible be=e y int5d to fire !m2 = ! +r$i5ts ^u :i* !y rely = _! beauty are fil+s ( /eel = brilliant fires1 & bor+s ( iron = ,*9ese fires1 & unless ^! fil+s & bor+s be entirely free f ru/ at ! "t :5 !y are fir$1 ! effect produc$ w be insignificant z comp>$ ) :at x %\ld be4 ,& x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t bo? iron & /eel become v soon & v easily corrod$ :5 mix$ ) any composition into :i* nitre & sulphur ent]4 ,i h kn[n cases fill$ ) brilliant or ,*9ese fire rema9 good = a week 9 w9t]2 b ,i d n suppose t ev5 !n _! p]=mance 0 at all :at x w\ld h be5 if !y _h be5 prep>$ = a few h\rs only4 ,_m attempts h be5 made to secure ^! metallic +r$i5ts f corrosion4 ,"s h /irr$ ! fil+s 9 a v>ni% made ( res9 & _s2 o!rs h %ak5 !m ab\t 9 p[d]$ black-lead1 & s coat$ !m ) ?is sub/ance4 ,b a coat+ ( any k9d is tol]ably c]ta9 ei!r to rob ! sp>k1 :i* ea* p>ticle ( metal %\ld produce1 ( its brilliancy1 or to r5d] ! composition dur+ combu/ion v smoky1 & s impair ! int5d$ effect4 ,by f> ! mo/ successful prep>ation ( /eel & iron t ,i h notic$ is ! foll[+3--,a weak solution ( asphalt 9 nap?a is made1 & ! fil+s or bor+s are /irr$ ab\t 9 ?is4 ,:5 x is ?\ght t !y are ?or\ghly cov]$ ) x1 ! solution is p\r$ (f1 & ! fil+s spread out ^u a pap] to dry4 ,?is plan w protect !m f ru/ = a little "t long] ?an !y w\ld o!rwise rema9 uncorrod$4 ,b /ill ! be/ plan is to prep>e ! compositions z %ort a "t z possible be=e !y are to be fir$4 ,! size t ,i recomm5d = cases :i* are int5d$ to conta9 ,*9ese fire is t call$ ! two-ounce case4 ,to make !m1 ! same =m] may be us$ z 0 employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( ,roman-c&le cases already describ$4 ,! pap] & imp]ial bo>d may be cut ( ! foll[+ sizes4 ,op5 y\r %eet ( pap]1 ( ! #gj-lb4 ?ickness1 to its full size1 & divide x into ?ree pieces1 z %[n 9 ! foll[+ woodcut1 ,fig4 #da3-- ,illu/ration3 ,fig #da4 ,!n op5 y\r %eet ( imp]ial bo>d to its full size1 & divide x ?us into n9e equal pieces1 ,fig4 #db4 ,s t by ^! arrangem5ts "o %eet ( imp]ial bo>d & ?ree %eets ( #gj-lb4 br[n pap] w furni% y ) mat]ial = n9e cases1 ea* ( :i* w be ab\t n9e & a-half in*es 9 l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #db4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dc4 ,my plan = roll+ ! cases is t :i* ,i h describ$ 9 p>agraph #be1 b :i* may p]haps1 be r5d]$ slightly m intelligible by ! accompany+ sket*4 ,hav+ pa/$ "o ( my /rips ( pap] & "o piece ( bo>d all ov] on "o side1 & hav+ bru%$ "s pa/e ov] my metal =m]1 ,i lay ! =m] across ! /rip ( pap] ab\t "o-?ird ( its :ole l5g? f ! end ne>e/ to me4 ,i !n d\ble ! "o-?ird ( ! /rip1 pa/$ side d[nw>ds1 ov] ! =m]1 on to ! rema9+ two-?irds1 ,fig4 #dc1 tak+ c>e t ! edges ( ! "o are ev5 & p>allel ) ! edges ( ! o!r4 ,!n hav+ made a crease 9 ! upp] fold j 9 front ( ! =m]1 ,i put into ?is crease ! pa/$ piece ( imp]ial bo>d1 & roll up ! :ole toge!r4 ,x is necess>y1 h[ev]1 to pa/e ! upp] side ( ! fold ( pap] :i* y h made r\nd ! =m]4 ,?is ,i h always f\nd a v quick1 & easy1 & p]fect me?od ( prep>+ cases ( any k9d4 ,i tru/ t ,i h r5d]$ my mean+ pla91 z ,i %all h occasion to ref] frequ5tly to ?is op]ation4 ,! roll+ bo>d mu/1 ( c\rse be us$4 ,! cases :5 made are to be *ok$1 :ile wet1 precisely 9 ! same mann] z describ$ = rocket-cases1 only x mu/ be rememb]$ t _! ap]ture may be almo/ *ok$ up1 because :5 x has be5 reop5$ by ! po9t ov] :i* !y are load$1 x mu/ n be m ?an "o-?ird ( ! int]ior diamet] ( ! case 9 size4 ,hav+ describ$ ! manufacture ( ! cases4 ,i n[ proce$ to give ! =mulas = ! composition ( ,,*9ese ,,fire4 #dj4 ,!re are two sorts ( ?is fire :i* are kn[n by ! names r$ & :ite4 ,! r$ is t :i* conta9s *>coal1 & !re=e has "s r$ sp>ks int]mix$ ) ^? produc$ by ! iron2 ! :ite is t ! sp>ks ( :i* are produc$ by ! iron only4 ,x is my int5tion to give sev]al =mulas = ?is fire1 9 ord] t my read]s may select = !mselves1 & use t :i* !y f9d mo/ successful4 ,no4 #a4 ,meal-p[d] #af p>ts ,nitre #af ,sulphur #d ,*>coal 7,no4 #b7 #d ,iron bor+s #ad ,or ! foll[+ is quick] 9 combu/ion3-- ,no4 #b4 ,meal-p[d] #af ,sulphur #c ,*>coal #c ,iron bor+s #g ,or1 ,no4 #c4 ,meal-p[d] #h ,nitre #af ,sulphur #c ,*>coal #c ,iron bor+s #h ,or1 ,no #d4 ,meal-p[d] #af ,nitre #h ,sulphur #d ,*>coal #c ,iron bor+s #g ,! compositions giv5 above produce :at is t]m$ ,r$ ,*9ese ,fire1 s9ce !y all conta9 *>coal4 ,i h numb]$ ! *>coal1 because ,mr4 ,bolton1 #adf1 ,holborn-b>s1 supplies ?ree diff]5t degrees ( f95ess1 ! second ( :i* is prop] = ?is purpose4 ,! foll[+ =mulas w produce :at is call$ ,:ite ,*9ese ,fire3-- ,no4 #e4 ,meal-p[d] #af p>ts4 ,nitre #f ,sulphur #c ,iron bor+s #aj ,or1 ,no4 #f4 ,meal-p[d] #af ,nitre #d ,sulphur #b ,iron bor+s #f ,or1 ,no4 #g4 ,meal-p[d] #af ,iron bor+s #e ,x is an und]/ood rule among pyrote*ni/s t ! small] ! diamet] ( ! case employ$ ! quick] mu/ be ! composition ) :i* x is fill$2 or1 9 o!r words1 a quick composition :i* answ]s well 9 a case ( small diamet] w burn too rapidly1 or explode1 9 a case ( l>g] dim5sions4 ,my read]s mu/ !re=e fir/ det]m9e ! size ( ! case t !y int5d to use4 ,x w n be well to adopt any size ( case small] ?an ! two-ounce = ,*9ese fire4 ,if1 h[ev]1 ! lb4 size be *os51 ,i %\ld recomm5d ! compositions ,no4 #a1 ,no4 #c1 or ,no4 #e4 ,nos4 #b1 #d1 #f1 #g w answ] v well 9 a case ( ! #b-oz4 size4 ,b if x be ?\ght advisable to h rec\rse to a case ( ! lb4 size1 a /ill weak] composition w be requir$1 9 :i* case ! foll[+ =mulas may be us$3-- ,no4 #h4 ,nitre #af p>ts4 ,sulphur #c ,*>coal #d ,iron bor+s #g ,or1 ,no4 #i4 ,nitre #bj ,sulphur #d ,*>coal #d ,iron bor+s #ab ,= g5]al purposes1 cases ( ! #b-oz4 size w be f\nd q l>ge en\gh1 p>ticul>ly :5 us$ 9 comb9ation1 & n fir$ s+ly4 ,! mo/ effective ( all ! compositions t ,i h giv5 is ,no4 #g1 :i* consi/s ( meal-p[d] & iron bor+s only1 b x is v rapid & fi]ce 9 its combu/ion1 & w bur/ ! cases into :i* x is put unless great c>e be tak5 9 ! ramm+4 ,a v little ( ! composition mu/ be ramm$ at a "t1 9 ord] to insure a ?or\ghly equal & solid compression ?r\gh\t ! case4 ,if prop]ly manag$ a two-ounce case fill$ ) ?is composition w ?r[ a v brilliant jet ( l>ge fl[]s ( fire f eight to t5 feet 9 height4 ,i h sometimes ?\ght t ! moi/5+ ( composition ,no4 #g ) a little turp5t9e1 s t x becomes less du/y1 has ! effect ( pres]v+ ! iron or /eel f ru/ to "s ext5t4 ,at all ev5ts1 x greatly facilitates ! uni=m mix+ ( ! +r$i5ts4 ,x mu/1 h[ev]1 be especially borne 9 m9d t nei!r spirits ( w9e nor g9 mu/ be us$ to moi/5 any composition conta9+ iron or /eel4 ,! iron bor+s :i* ,mr4 ,d>by w supply are v effective = ! prep>ation ( ,*9ese fire4 ,y %\ld take c>e t ! o!r +r$i5ts are ?or\ghly mix$ be=e y add ! iron bor+s1 & !n t ! iron be equally di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t ! mixture4 ,! next op]ation is ! fill+ ( ! cases4 ,= ?is y w require "s tools n be=e m5tion$1 :i* ,i w n[ proce$ to describe4 ,y %\ld get ,mr4 ,newman to make y ?ree solid drifts :i* w pass v easily into y\r #b-oz4 cases4 ,! fir/ ( ^! %\ld be ab\t n9e in*es long1 ! second ab\t five in*es long1 & ! ?ird two in*es long4 ,^! tools w always be f\nd conv5i5t = _m purposes 9 pyrote*ny1 & n only = ! fill+ ( ,*9ese fire cases4 ,! two longe/ ( ^! drifts %\ld be ab\t n9e-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 diamet]2 ! ?ird may be ne>ly five-eigh?s ( an in*4 ,y\r mallet %\ld be1 9 ! measurem5t ( its head1 five in*es long & ?ree 9 diamet]4 ,x %\ld be made ei!r ( a% or bee*4 ,9 ! next place y w require a block ) a nipple & po9t1 su* z is drawn 9 ! page ( illu/rations1 figs4 #dd1 #de & #df4 ,?is may be made ( wood1 ) its po9t only ( metal2 b ,i mu* pref] a metal nipple & po9t4 ,mr4 ,newman has made = me a set ( nipples & settles 9 gun-metal1 all ( :i* fit into ! same block4 ,!y answ] all purposes1 & take up v little room2 :]eas y w f9d a multiplicity ( blocks v inconv5i5t1 if y\r accommodation is z scanty z m9e4 ,y mu/1 ( c\rse1 h a scoop ( a prop] size = fill+ #b-oz4 cases1 & ?is1 ,i ?9k1 w complete y\r tools4 ,y\r case mu/ n[ be press$ ov] ! po9t ( y\r nipple1 & by ?is means its ap]ture w be made ( ! prop] size4 ,y w f9d x v conv5i5t to h a r+ ( iron fix$ into y\r block1 ?r\gh :i* ! case mu/ be pass$1 :i* w /eady x & keep x 9 a p]p5dicul> position :ile be+ fill$ 7fig4 #dg74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dg4 ,& ?is is 9 reality m ?an a matt] ( conv5i5ce1 = unless ! case be p]p5dicul> :ile ! op]ation ( fill+ is go+ on1 ! bl[s ( ! mallet w n h _! prop] effect1 & ! composition w n be ?or\ghly consolidat$2 or1 :at is worse1 ! neck ( ! case may be wr5*$ or injur$ 9 "s mann]1 & w 9 all probability give way & bur/ ^u ! combu/ion ( ! composition4 ,n[ drive 9 y\r composition1 a ladleful at a "t1 &1 aft] putt+ 9 ea* ladleful1 give ! drift twelve bl[s ) ! mallet4 ,fill ! cases till !re rema9s a space ( two in*es only unoccupi$ at ! end4 ,into ?is end put a gun-*>ge & a-half ( gunp[d]4 ,!n ) a bradawl sep>ate "o or two ( ! inn] folds ( ! pap] ( ! case1 & turn ^! d[n on ! top ( ! p[d]4 ,my me?od ( fill+ 9 ! ends ( ! cases is ! foll[+3--,melt 9 an e>!n pipk9 a mixture ( two p>ts ( common res9 & "o ( wax4 ,?is may be p\r$ into ! ends ( ! cases ^u ! pap] t has be5 turn$ d[n4 ,x w h>d5 9 a few m9utes1 & w be f\nd to insure y a good report f ! p[d]4 ,x only rema9s n[ to prime ^! cases4 ,?is is an op]ation requir+ "s c>e1 al?\gh x may be p]=m$ 9 a v simple mann]4 ,if ! po9t ( y\r nipple is n too long--t is1 is only long en\gh to rea* ! composition )\t p5etrat+ x--all t y ne$ d is to press into ! m\? ( ! case "s meal-p[d] pa/e2 b if a cavity has be5 left 9 ! composition1 ?is mu/ be fill$ up be=e prim+1 or ! case w inevitably bur/4 ,x is an excell5t plan to take = y\r fir/ ladleful1 n any ( ! compositions = ,*9ese fire1 b a ladleful ( "s sl[] fire conta9+ no iron bor+s4 ,y may use a mixture consi/+ ( ,nitre #f p>ts4 ,sulphur #a "p4 ,*>coal #a ,! advantage ( att5d+ to ?is piece ( advice w be v app>5t to y1 & ,i /rongly recomm5d ! plan to y\r notice 9 ! case ( brilliant1 z well z ( ,*9ese1 fires4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #dh ,hav+ n[ describ$ ! manufacture ( ! cases ( ,*9ese fire1 ,i %all proce$ to po9t out to y "s ( ! comb9ations 9 :i* !y may be us$4 ,! simple/ is ! ord9>y ,pr9ce ( ,wales ,fea!r1 ! framework ( :i* any blacksmi? c make 9 ?9 iron rod1 hav+ a c\ple ( holes drill$ 9 x1 ?r\gh :i* screws may be driv5 to fa/5 x to y\r po/4 ,i give y two sket*es 7figs4 #dh & #di71 ! =m] ( :i* has1 9 my op9ion1 r ! advantage4 ,! m\?s ( ! cases mu/1 ( c\rse1 be connect$ ) quick-mat*1 s t !y all take fire simultane\sly4 ,by hav+ a framework made ( iron x w be liable to no injury f ! explosions at ! end ( ! cases4 ,! same framework may be us$ ) ?ree ,roman c&les1 in/ead ( ,*9ese fire cases1 & ) excell5t effect4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #di4--,pr9ce ( ,wales' ,fea!rs4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ej4 ,! next mo/ simple comb9ation is t :i* is call$ ! ,b\quet ( ,*9ese ,fire4 ,x %\ld be made )1 at lea/1 five cases1 & w !n be f\nd v effective 9 its p]=mance4 ,its framework is ( v simple con/ruction1 & may be made 9 a few m9utes by any boy4 ,! accompany+ sket* 7fig4 #ej71 w prev5t ! necessity ( any fur!r explanation4 ,a v pretty piece may be made1 repres5t+ a tree ( silv] fl[]s4 ,procure a /raight piece ( deal ( any l5g? t y require 7! l5g? mu/ be det]m9$ by ! numb] ( cases t y int5d to use74 ,?is w answ] = ! trunk ( ! tree4 ,to ?is nail "s pieces ( la? 9 ! %ape giv5 9 ! adjo9+ woodcut 7fig4 #ea74 ,on ea* ( ^!1 & at ! top ( ! /raight piece1 tie a case ( ,*9ese fire1 & connect all ! m\?s ( ! cases by means ( quick-mat*4 ,:5 ignit$1 ?is piece w pres5t a v beautiful appe>ance1 & may be made a highly satisfactory conclusion to a small exhibition4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ea4 ,x is wor?y ( rem>k t all pieces 9 :i* ,*9ese fire is us$ %\ld be rais$ to a consid]able height f ! gr\nd1 o!rwise !y w lose mu* ( _! beauty1 = ! sp>ks produc$ by ! p>ticles ( iron are ?r[n mu* f>!r1 & rema9 visible mu* long]1 on acc\nt ( _! sup]ior size1 ?an ^? produc$ by /eel1 & if !y h n a c]ta9 di/ance ?r\gh :i* to fall1 mu* ( _! effect w be ?r[n away4 ,! po/ on :i* ,i fire ne>ly all my pieces /&s t5 feet out ( ! gr\nd4 ,x is made ( deal pa9t$ ) lead-col\r1 & is ab\t ?ree in*es squ>e4 ,x c be tak5 d[n or put up at a mom5t's notice1 z x fits into an oak box sunk 9 ! gr\nd1 ( ! same k9d z ^? us$ 9 dry+ gr\nds4 ,if y h a po/ ( ?is k9d made1 see t ! "p :i* fits into ! box is n /raight1 b slightly tap]$4 ,?is w all[ ( a bett] fit1 & enable y to remove x f> m easily :5 requir$4 ,!re are _m comb9ations :i* x w n be at all necess>y = me to notice "h1 = ! fir+ ( "o ( ^! cases ( ,*9ese fire is n only a beautiful ?+ 9 itself1 b is also v sugge/ive ( diff]5t devices "u :i* ?is valuable prep>ation may be employ$4 ,if any ( my read]s %\ld hit ^u any unusually good device ,i %all be glad to he> ( x ?r\gh ! publi%]s ( ?is book2 & if my read]s1 9 ! c\rse ( _! exp]im5ts1 %\ld /umble ^u a really good plan = prep>+ iron bor+s & /eel fil+s s t !y become incorrodible1 !y w conf] a great fav\r ^u ! pyrote*nic _w by mak+ x kn[n4 ,be sure n to =get to fir/ ram into y\r cases half-a-ladleful ( ! prep>atory fire giv5 above3 x w save y _m a disappo9tm5t4 ,if y pref] a composition a little quick]1 add "s meal-p[d] to x4 ,hav+ said all t is necess>y to make ! manufacture ( ,*9ese ,fire intelligible1 ,i pass on to consid]1 9 ! next place1 ! subject ( ,brilliant ,fire4 ,,brilliant ,,fire4 #da4--,! po9ts ( diff]5ce betwe5 brilliant & ,*9ese fires are ^!3-- #a/4--,! sp>ks produc$ 9 ! combu/ion ( brilliant fire by /eel fil+s are mu* :it]1 b at ! same "t mu* small] & %ort]-liv$1 ?an ^? produc$ by iron bor+s 9 ,*9ese fire4 #bnd4--,! /eel sp>ks are n ?r[n to s great a di/ance1 on acc\nt ( _! sup]ior weight & size2 b !y are mu* m num]\s1 & af=d a ri* tale1 or 8bru%10 z x is t]m$1 ( gl[+ sc9tillations1 r ?an a gracefully-fall+ jet or f\nta9 ( l>ge sp>ks4 ,?is v fact1 h[ev]1 ( _! n be+ ?r[n s f> f ! case out ( :i* !y are fir$ r5d]s !m capable ( produc+ an effect 9 comb9ation ( :i* ,*9ese fire is incapable4 ,! cases1 :5 arrang$ 9 ! position ( ! radii ( a circle or spokes ( a :eel1 w ?r[ a p]fectly /raight bru% ( brilliant fire1 :i* w1 ( c\rse1 mu* m closely repres5t rays ( light emanat+ f a c5tre ?an any fire ! sp>ks ( :i* h a t5d5cy to fall4 #crd4--,ano!r po9t ( diff]5ce betwe5 ! composition conta9+ iron bor+s & t conta9+ /eel fil+s is t ! =m] %\ld nev] be employ$ 9 ! con/ruction ( pieces :i* h motion2 = ! v motion ( ! piece1 or r ! increas$ impetus ) :i* ! p>ticles ( iron are ?r[n out into ! cold air1 has ! effect ( cool+ !m s rapidly t almo/ all _! beauty is lo/4 ,b ?is is n ! case ) /eel fil+s3 !y seem almo/ unaffect$ by ! rapid motion ( ! piece 9 :i* !y are employ$2 & = ?is reason !y possess an advantage :i* fully makes up = _! be+ s mu* less %[y 9 _! p]=mance ?an ! iron bor+s4 ,! cases into :i* ! composition = brilliant fire is ramm$ ne$ n be s l>ge z ^? employ$ = ,*9ese fire4 ,i employ two sizes--! #a-oz4 size = cases t are int5d$ to turn :eels or any revolv+ pieces1 & a small] size /ill = ^? t are to rema9 p]fectly /ation>y dur+ _! combu/ion4 ,! fault into :i* ! "y pyrote*ni/ is mo/ likely to fall is t ( us+ a p[] consid]ably 9 advance ( 8 ne$4 ,9 ord] t y may n d ?is 7= !re is always fe> ( failure :5 y d71 ,i recomm5d y to use no cases = brilliant fire l>g] ?an ! "o-ounce size4 ,?is1 y w f9d1 w give y a mov+ p[] amply suffici5t = any :eels t ,i suppose y are likely to use1 & p>ticul>ly if y be> 9 m9d ! rule1 t increase ( p[] is ga9$ mu* m safely & mu* m effectively by an additional numb] ( cases burn+ at ! same "t ?an by any additional =ce t y c get out ( "o case4 ,! #a-oz4 case1 z y "k by ?is "t1 is made r\nd a =m] exactly half-an-in* 9 ext]ior diamet] & #ab in*es long4 ,! pap] = ^! cases may be cut precisely 9 ! same mann] z direct$ = ,*9ese fire cases4 ,! imp]ial bo>d %\ld be cut ?us 7fig4 #eb71 into twelve equal pieces4 ,take c>e t ! long side ( ! bo>d is divid$ into ?ree1 & ! %ort into f\r4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eb4 ,if1 h[ev]1 y ?9k a %ort] case suffici5t1 cut y\r %eets ( pap] into eight equal p>ts1 ?us 7fig4 #ec71 & y\r imp]ial bo>d into sixte5 pieces--t is1 half ! l5g? ( ! /rips ( pap]2 ?is w give y cases ab\t five & a-half in*es 9 l5g?4 ,bo? ^! divisions ( pap] & bo>d are = ! #a-oz4 cases4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ec4 ,i w n[ speak ( ! small] sizes1 :i* are us$ only 9 fix$ pieces1 & :i* are g5]ally call$ on t acc\nt1 = ! sake ( di/9ction1 fix$ cases4 ,! =m] = ^! is a metal tube #ab in*es long & sev5-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 ext]ior diamet]4 ,= cases ( ?is size y may ei!r use pap] & bo>d cut z direct$ above = ! long] #a-oz4 cases1 or y may divide ea* %eet ( pap] into six /rips ?us 7fig4 #ed71 & ea* %eet ( bo>d into twelve pieces half ! l5g? ( ! /rips ( pap]4 ,= fill+ ei!r ! #a-oz4 or ! fix$ cases x w be evid5t t y mu/ h at lea/ two drifts = ea* size t w pass easily into _! respective cases--"o ab\t #i in*es long 9 its /raight "p1 & ! o!r f #b to #c in*es 9 l5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ed4 ,y mu/ also h a nipple & po9t ov] :i* to ram ea* diff]5t size ( case4 ,! exact size ( ^! nipples y w see 9 ! pages ( illu/rations 7figs4 #de & #df74 ,use ! same mallet & obs]ve ! same rules 9 fill+ ^! brilliant fire cases z 9 fill+ ! cases ) ,*9ese fire4 ,we are n[ ready = ! compositions4 ,! fir/ giv5 is by f> ! mo/ beautiful1 & mo/ g5]ally us$2 b be+ v rapid 9 its combu/ion1 x mu/ be v c>efully & uni=mly compress$ 9 ! case4 ,no4 #b is ( a mu* quiet] "*1 & may be f\nd useful = "s purposes4 ,,brilliant ,,fire4 ,no4 #a4 ,meal-p[d] #d p>ts4 ,bright /eel fil+s #a "p4 ,or1 ,no4 #b4 ,meal-p[d] #af p>ts4 ,nitre #h ,sulphur #c ,f9e ,*>coal #c ,bright /eel fil+s #aj ,nei!r ( ^! compositions %\ld on any acc\nt be mix$ be=e _! prep>ation is absolutely necess>y1 = _! :ole beauty dep5ds ^u ! brightness ( ! fil+s at ! "t ( fir+4 ,,common ,,& ,,sp>kl+ ,,fires4 #db4 ,i w n[ give a few =mulas = common & sp>kl+ fires1 :i* w 9 all probability be f\nd v useful = jets & fix$ pieces4 ,,common ,,& ,,sp>kl+ ,,fires4 ,no4 #a4 ,meal-p[d] #d p>ts4 ,*>coal ,no4 #b #a "p4 ,or1 ,no4 #b4 ,meal-p[d] #af p>ts4 ,nitre #h ,sulphur #d ,*>coal ,no4 #b #d ,or1 ,no4 #c4 ,meal-p[d] #af ,v f9e glass du/ #e ,or1 ,no4 #d4 ,meal-p[d] #h ,v f9ely p[d]$ porcela9 #c ,^! f\r compositions w be f\nd effective = _m purposes1 b %\ld n be us$ 9 cases "u ! "o-ounce size4 ,_! great advantage is t !y are n 9 ! lea/ degree impair$ by keep+4 ,!y are to be ramm$ into ! cases 9 precisely ! same mann] z direct$ = ,*9ese fire4 ,,brilliant ,,fire4--,,effective ,,comb9ation4 #dc4 ,b n[ to return to brilliant fire4 ,i w suppose y to be us+ "s ( ! fir/ composition giv51 & to h complet$ ! fill+ ( a few cases4 ,let u see :at we c d ) ^! to put !m into effective comb9ation4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ed;a4--,five-po9t$ /> 9 brilliant fire4 ,provide a circul> disc ( h>d wood1 #f in*es 9 diamet]1 & #a in* ?ick4 ,?is is to =m ! c5tre ( y\r piece4 ,nail to ?is five spokes ( wood at equal di/ances f "o ano!r1 & #ae in*es long4 ,nail also to ! back ( ! c5tral disc a /rip ( wood ab\t #b feet long1 #b in*es wide1 & ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* ?ick 7fig4 #ed74 ,by means ( ?is y c screw ! :ole piece conv5i5tly to y\r fir+ po/4 ,on ea* ( ! five spokes tie a case ( brilliant fire1 report$ at its end1 & connect ! m\?s ( ^! ) quick-mat*4 ,! effect produc$ by ?is piece is v surpris+1 :5 we take into acc\nt its extreme simplicity4 ,its beauty may1 h[ev]1 be mu* enhanc$ by ! addition ( a ,*9ese fly] to its c5tre2 b ! manufacture ( ?is auxili>y has n yet be5 describ$1 & mu/ n be spok5 ( out ( its place4 ,a simple l>ge :eel ( brilliant fire may be made by fa/5+ two cases to ea* end ( a /rip ( wood ab\t #cj in*es long1 ! c5tre ( :i* /rip is made ?ick en\gh to turn /eadily on an iron sp9dle4 ,! cases are ti$ on at an angle s z to ?r[ a l>ge circle ( fire4 ,! m\? ( ! case at "o end is connect$ ) t at ! o!r by means ( quick-mat*4 ,:5 ^! two cases are consum$ !y communicate _! fire to ! two inn] ones by a quick-mat*1 :i* is l$ f ! tail ( ! fir/ to ! m\? ( ! second4 ,if two ( ^! pieces are made to revolve on ! same sp9dle 9 opposite directions a v magnific5t brilliant sun w be =m$1 ?r[+ a circle ( rays #bj feet 9 diamet]4 ,! accompany+ sket* 7fig4 #ee7 w1 ,i tru/1 make ^! directions suffici5tly intelligible4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ee4--;,brilliant :eel4 ,a fix$ sun may be made ) any numb] ( brilliant cases arrang$ z ! radii ( a circle1 & connect$ at _! m\?s ) quick-mat*4 ,b s9ce pieces ( ?is k9d may be r5d]$ s mu* m effective by ! addition ( o!r fireworks1 x w be useless = me to give draw+s ( !m "h4 ,at ! po9t ,i h suffici5tly advanc$ 9 ?is subject to enable y to complete ^! exhibition pieces 9 all _! beauty ,i h furni%$ "s designs1 f :i* y may p]haps d]ive a few useful h9ts4 ,i h n[1 ,i ?9k1 op5$ to y a wide field = exp]im5t1 y\r success 9 :i* dep5ds n[ ^u a c>eful foll[+ out ( my directions1 & ^u ! am\nt ( ta/e & +5uity ( :i* y are ma/]4 ,mr4 ,newman w supply y ) any ( ! tools m5tion$1 & ei!r ,mr4 ,d>by1 or ,messrs4 ,bolton ,co41 ) any ( ! +r$i5ts = y\r compositions2 & if y h n fairly a/oni%$ y\r fri5ds on "s fe/ive occasion1 ,i d n ?9k ! cause w re/ ) me4 ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,d n =get ! prep>atory half-ladleful ( sl[ composition 9 y\r cases ( brilliant & ,*9ese fire4 ,d n be c>eless ab\t ! mann] 9 :i* y\r cases are prim$4 ,y w\ld feel v fooli% if1 9 fir+ a five-po9t$ brilliant />1 = in/ance1 l ! "o sket*$ above1 "o or two ( y\r cases 7 n ignit$ by ! quick-mat*4 ,d n be 9 a hurry ab\t mak+ y\r frames4 ,a framework = any piece1 once well made1 w la/ = ev]4 ,rememb] t ! concussion f y\r reports w be an excell5t te/ ( ! /r5g? ( y\r woodwork4 ,la/ly1 run no risks4 ,/rong compositions h a way ( behav+ 9 a v awkw>d mann] if !y take fire unexpect$ly1 or at ! wrong "t2 nev]1 !re=e1 make compositions till ! cases are ready to receive !m1 & y h "t to ram !m4 ,&1 above all1 nev] leave bat*es ( composition ab\t1 = ! temptation is v /rong to inquir+ m9ds to exp]im5t ^u _! p[]s ( combu/ion4 ,,:eels ,,( ,,v>i\s ,,devices1 ,,horizontal ,,& ,,v]tical4 #dd4 ,y w d well to rememb] t ! rem>ks t ,i h already made1 "u o!r heads1 conc]n+ device are especially applicable to ! subject ( :eels4 ,i am n giv+ y designs to lead y to suppose t ?is or t is ! way ( accompli%+ any "o object4 ,!re is no limit to ! me?ods by :i* y may "w out any plan1 & ?is y w discov] by degrees1 z y\r k ( ! art ( pyrote*ny gr[s rip]1 & y\r h&s become m dext]\s1 & y\r manipulation consequ5tly m easy4 ,b 9 ! outset ( our subject1 let me advise y n to attempt to make ca!r9e-:eels--t is1 ^? small spiral :eels :i* are made by ! pr(essionals to sell on ! ,fif? ( ,novemb]1 & seem to be int5d$ = little girls to fire4 ,y h no?+ to d ) su* pieces z ^!4 ,y\r object is to provide an exhibition1 & y w f9d x wor? y\r :ile to be> 9 m9d t ! fireworks made by pr(essionals are ( two k9ds--^? made = _! retail bus9ess1 :i* consi/s = ! mo/ "p ( small s+le pieces1 & :i* are pap]$ up v neatly = sale1 & ^? :i* !y prep>e = _! l>ge exhibitions1 & :i* are 9 _m in/ances made 9 an entirely diff]5t way f ! =m]4 ,ca!r9e-:eels _c1 z f> z ,i c see1 be employ$ 9 comb9ation1 & on ?is acc\nt !y c =m no "p ( our pres5t "w4 ,i am v ready to all[ t1 :5 prop]ly made1 !y are v pretty little ?+s1 b1 n be+ available = our imm$iate purpose1 !y mu/ be pass$ ov] "h4 ,9 case1 h[ev]1 any "o ( my read]s may happ5 to be s prejudic$ 9 _! fav\r t he _c consid] 8 exhibition p]fect )\t !m1 ,i may z well say t he c procure !m ( ,mr4 ,d>by q z economically z he c make !m himself1 = ! roll+ & ! fill+ ( _! cases involves an exp5diture ( "t & ! acquisition ( a c]ta9 8knack10 :i*1 :5 we consid] t ! :eel w only d "o ?+ aft] all1 seems l a wilful wa/e ( su* p]sev]ance z might be direct$ mu* m pr(itably to "s wor?i] object4 ,n[1 ! :eels ( :i* ,i am ab\t to treat are su* z are made by ty+ on *ok$ cases1 fill$ ) a /rong composition1 to frames ( v>i\s =ms1 9 su* a mann] t ! recoil ( ! case dur+ combu/ion %all h ! effect ( driv+ ! :eel4 ,! prep>ation ( ! composition = ?is purpose1 & ! mak+ & fill+ ! cases are exce$+ly simple3 &1 9 fact1 ! only "p ( :eel-mak+ :i* requires any degree ( nicety is ! prep>ation ( ! woodwork2 =1 unless ! framework ( ! :eel be tol]ably well balanc$1 & made to run easily & smoo?ly on its axis1 mu* ( ! int5d$ effect ( y\r piece w be lo/4 ,b we _h bett] beg9 ) ! cases & compositions1 & !n proce$ to consid] ! v>i\s modes ( comb9ation 9 :i* !y c be employ$4 ,! cases t ,i use = :eel purposes are ( two sizes only--! #b-oz4 & ! #a-oz4 size2 & ( ^! two sizes1 ! "o f> mo/ commonly useful is ! #a-oz4 ,cases ( ! #b-oz4 size are necess>y only = l>ge :eels1 :]e a consid]able weight ( mat]ial has to be set 9 motion4 ,i make bo? ^! sizes ( cases ( ! same l5g?--t is1 ab\t #e in*es long4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ef4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eg4 ,! pap] = ! #b-oz4 :eel-cases is to be cut z foll[s3--,divide ea* %eet ( #gj-lb4 br[n pap] into eight equal pieces 7see fig4 #ef71 & !n divide ea* %eet ( imp]ial bo>d into t5 equal /rips4 ,!n proce$ to make y\r cases1 pa/+ & roll+ !m 9 precisely ! same mann] z previ\sly direct$1 tak+ especial c>e t ! inn] fold ( ! pap]1 :i* lies next ! =m]1 is ?or\ghly saturat$ ) pa/e1 s t x is n loose :5 ! =m] is drawn out ( ! case4 ,if ?is inn] edge be left loose1 ! composition w get beh9d x1 &1 ^u fir+ ! case1 w act z a quick-mat*1 & infallibly bur/ ! :ole1 & de/roy y\r piece1 & n only y\r piece ( pyrote*ny1 b also y\r peace ( m9d2 s d n fail to rememb] ?is h9t4 ,y\r #a-oz4 cases = :eels mu/ be made 9 ! same mann]1 & ) ! same c>e4 ,b y\r imp]ial bo>d mu/ be cut diff]5tly4 ,cut y\r #gj-lb4 pap] 9 ! same mann] z direct$ above = #b-oz4 cases--into eight equal /rips--& y\r bo>d into pieces ( half t size--t is1 into sixte5 pieces4 ,^! divisions w give y cases q ?ick en\gh = all purposes4 ,( c\rse1 ea* case is to consi/ ( "o piece ( bo>d & "o /rip ( pap]4 ,y w require no m tools = ! fill+ ( ^! cases ?an ^? already m5tion$4 ,! op]ations ( *ok+ & ramm+ are to be p]=m$ 9 ! same mann] z direct$ = cases ( brilliant & ,*9ese fire1 & ! same blocks & nipples are to be employ$4 ,we n[ come to ! compositions ) :i* ! cases are to be fill$4 ,= ^! ,i give y sev]al =mul1 9 ord] t y may be able to v>y y\r fires accord+ to ta/e4 ,no4 #a4 ,meal-p[d] #af p>ts4 ,/eel fil+s #d ,?is is ! brilliant composition giv5 9 p>agraph #da1 :i* is us$ also = :eels ) excell5t effect4 ,,:ite ,,fire4 ,no4 #b4 ,meal-p[d] #af p>ts4 ,sulphur #c ,or1 ,no4 #c4 ,meal-p[d] #af p>ts4 ,nitre #d ,sulphur #b ,*>coal 7,no4 #b7 #b ,or1 ,no4 #d4 ,meal-p[d] #bj ,*>coal 7,no4 #b7 #d ,or1 ,no4 #e4 ,meal-p[d] #af ,f9e li?>ge #c ,or1 ,no4 #f4 ,meal-p[d] #dj ,nitre #bj ,sulphur #d ,*>coal #c ,bright /eel fil+s #f ,li?>ge #b ,or1 ,no4 #g4 ,meal-p[d] #af ,nitre #b ,sulphur #b ,*>coal 7,no4 #b7 #b ,glass du/ #b ,( ! above compositions1 ,nos4 #a1 #b1 & #d w be f\nd ! mo/ g5]ally useful2 & ( ^! ,i pref] ,no4 #d = all ord9>y purposes4 ,rememb] t ! compositions = :eel-cases are by f> ! /ronge/ t are us$ 9 ! :ole range ( pyrote*ny1 & t !y mu/ on t acc\nt be compress$ v ev5ly & completely 9 ! cases1 or !y w burn too rapidly1 & explode :5 ignit$4 ,y w f9d x v advisable to ram a small quantity ( ! prep>atory composition1 recomm5d$ 9 p>agraph #dj1 into ! cases be=e putt+ 9 ! :eel-case composition :i* y h select$4 ,! cases %\ld be fill$ till ! composition rises to ab\t half-an-in* f _! ends--t is1 half-an-in* at ! end ( ! case %\ld be left unoccupi$ by ! composition4 ,!y %\ld be prim$ ) wett$ meal-p[d] z soon aft] !y are fill$ z conv5i5t1 c>e be+ tak5 t ! space :i* ! po9t ( ! nipple occupi$ dur+ ! op]ation ( ramm+ is fill$ up by ! prim+4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #eh4 ,:5 ! fill+ & prim+ ( all y\r cases is accompli%$1 y w next h to cov] !m ) pap] :i* %all project ab\t an in* beyond ea* end ( ! case4 ,! object ( ?is is to enable y to tie 9 ! quick-mat* :i* is to connect "o case ) ano!r4 ,?is op]ation is v easily p]=m$4 ,cut "s ord9>y newspap] into /rips wide en\gh to project an in* ov] ea* end ( y\r case--t is1 ab\t eight in*es wide--& long en\gh to g two or ?ree times r\nd ! case4 ,x w n be necess>y to pa/e ! newspap] /rips all ov]4 ,if !y are pa/$ slightly at ea* end x w be q en\gh4 ,! pa/e at "o end ( ! /rip w /ick x to ! case1 & t at ! o!r end w fa/5 x d[n s z to prev5t x f com+ unroll$4 ,! annex$ sket* 7fig4 #eh7 w %[ y h[ ! case ought to be cov]$4 ,,common ,,s+le ,,triangle ,,:eel4 #de4 ,n[1 ! fir/ =m ( :eel ( :i* ,i %all speak is t usually kn[n by ! "n ( ! 8,common ,s+le ,triangle ,:eel40 ,its manufacture is v simple4 ,provide a piece ( light bee* wood1 ( hexagonal =m1 ea* ( ^: sides is two in*es 9 l5g? 7fig4 #ei74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ei4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fj4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fa4 ,?is hexagonal piece ( wood may be ab\t half-an-in* ?ick4 ,!n bore ?r\gh its true c5tre a hole ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 into :i* glue firmly a piece ( wood turn$ or cut to ! %ape giv5 9 ! draw+ 7fig4 #fj74 ,?r\gh ?is piece bore1 9 its exact c5tre1 a hole ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* 9 diamet]1 &1 :5 bor$1 burn x ?r\gh ) a piece ( qu>t] in* iron rod1 r$ hot4 ,?is is ! hole ?r\gh :i* ! sp9dle is to pass :i* is to =m ! axle ( ! :eel4 ,:5 ! op]ation is f9i%$1 ! side view ( y\r framework w be l ! accompany+ sket* 7fig4 #fa74 ,! object ( ?is c5tre is tw(old2 fir/1 to obta9 a great] /ead9ess 9 ! motion ( ! :eel1 by increas+ ! l5g? ( ! hole ?r\gh :i* ! sp9dle runs2 &1 secondly1 to keep ! :eel1 dur+ its revolutions1 f t\*+ aga9/ ! po/ into :i* ! sp9dle is driv5--a precaution nev] to be =gott5 9 ! case ( v]tical :eels ( all descriptions4 ,i mu/ next suppose y to h ?ree cases ( ! #a-oz4 size ready fill$ & prim$ & pap]$4 ,be=e fa/5+ ^! on y\r framework take especial c>e t ! "o :i* is to burn la/ has its end /opp$ up ) "s incombu/ible mat]ial4 ,! be/ plan is to ram "s p[d]$ clay ^u ! composition be=e remov+ ! case f ! nipple1 9 ! same mann] z recomm5d$ = ! ends ( rockets4 ,if "s precaution ( ?is k9d be n tak51 ! fire issu+ f ! m\? ( ! fir/ ( y\r ?ree cases w be communicat$ to ! tail ( ! ?ird1 & ?us br+ y\r :eel to a mo/ +lori\s end4 ,hav+1 !n1 tak5 ?is precaution1 proce$ to tie on y\r cases to ! edge ( y\r wood5 framework4 ,?is is easily done if y bore two holes1 ?r\gh :i* y\r /r+ c pass1 close to ea* ( ^? sides ( ! frame on :i* ! cases are to lie4 ,a ref]5ce to ! sket* ( ! framework 7fig4 #ei7 w %[ y :]e ^! holes %\ld be made4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fb4 ,9 ty+ on y\r cases1 be q sure t ! m\?s or *ok$ ends ( !m lie all 9 ! same direction1 9 su* a mann] t ! tail ( ! fir/ case rea*es almo/ to ! m\? ( ! second2 ! tail ( ! second to ! m\? ( ! ?ird2 ! tail ( ! ?ird to ! m\? ( ! fir/4 ,:5 y h secur$ !m firmly 9 _! places ) /r+1 y c !n proce$ to connect !m ) quick-mat*--or clo! !m1 z x is call$--s t :5 "o case is burn$ out x w communicate its fire to ! m\? ( ! next1 & s on till !y are all consum$4 ,9 cutt+ y\r quick-mat*1 be> 9 m9d t ab\t an in* ( ! black mat* itself mu/ project uncov]$ beyond ea* end ( ! pap] tubes 9 :i* x burns4 ,?is is to insure its tak+ & communicat+ its fire4 ,9 ! annex$ sket* 7fig4 #fc7 y w see repres5t$ a piece ( quick-mat* z x %\ld be cut = connect+ cases4 ,at fig4 #fd is repres5t$ a :eel-case1 su* z is to burn second 9 y\r s+le triangle1 & has a piece ( quick-mat*1 l fig4 #fc1 at ea* ( its ends1 to connect x ) ! fir/ & ?ird case on ! :eel4 ,y w obs]ve t ! newspap] :i* project$ beyond ! ends ( ! case is simply ti$ 9 tightly r\nd ! quick-mat*4 ,y w1 aft] a few trials1 be able to get ?r\gh ?is 8clo?+0 op]ation v easily1 & ) no unnecess>y wa/+ ( quick-mat*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fc4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fd4 ,! m\? ( y\r fir/ case may ei!r be f9i%$ (f ) t\*-pap]1 or may h a %ort piece ( quick-mat* put into x1 to be light$ ) a portfire4 ,y\r :eel is n[ complet$ & ready = fir+4 ,b ,i may z well sugge/ "h t its beauty & effectiv5ess w be v mu* enhanc$ if ! ?ree cases on x be fill$ ) diff]5t compositions4 ,= in/ance1 fill ! case :i* is to burn fir/ ) composition ,no4 #b2 t :i* is to burn second ) ,no4 #d2 & ! ?ird case ) ,no4 #a4 ,?is plan ( v>y+ ! compositions1 or any o!r t sugge/s itself1 may be adopt$ 9 ! case ( all :eels4 ,x is necess>y1 h[ev]1 t y %\ld be well acqua9t$ ) ! "* ( ea* composition1 9 ord] t y may be able to produce ! exact effect t y require at ! "r "t4 ,composition ,no4 #a gives only brilliant sp>ks1 & mu/ be prep>$ z %ortly z possible be=e use4 ,composition ,no4 #b w give a :iti% circle ( fire fr+$ ) r$ sp>ks4 ,composition ,no4 #c produces less :ite flame & m sp>ks ?an ,no4 #b4 ,no4 #d is a sp>kl+ composition2 by f> ! be/ = g5]al use1 9 my op9ion4 ,no4 #e gives r$di% sp>ks1 :i* fly (f 9 v /raight l9es f ! :eel1 & =m rays1 z x 74 ,no4 #f gives rays1 brilliant sp>ks1 & a c5tre circle ( :ite fire4 ,no4 #g gives a mod]ately good c5tre1 ) drossy r$ sp>ks ( a peculi> %ape4 ,^? compositions :i* ?r[ out ! greate/ numb] ( sp>ks dur+ combu/ion are ! be/ = l>g] :eels1 b w be f\nd also v effective 9 ! common s+le triangle4 ,^? :i* h a t5d5cy to produce a flame1 r ?an a jet ( sp>ks1 are v effective z a v>iety = small :eels1 b produce an effect comp>atively poor :5 employ$ = ^? ( great] dim5sions4 ,= horizontal :eels1 sp>kl+ compositions alone are effective1 because 9 !m ev]y?+ dep5ds ^u ! =m t ! fire assumes 9 its outl9e1 & n ^u ! %ape ( ! :eel itself4 ,compositions :i* produce b few sp>ks w\ld be entirely out ( place if us$ to turn horizontal :eels4 ,,d\ble ,,triangle ,,:eels4 #df4 ,i w n[ (f] a few rem>ks ) respect to ! con/ruction ( ! ,d\ble ,triangle ,:eel4 ,?is piece may be made by employ+ two hexagonal frames ( wood ( ! same size1 9 a c5tre twice z long z t describ$ 9 fig4 #fj4 ,b x may also be made 9 su* a framework z ,mr4 ,d>by w supply1 :i* is a nave made ( light wood1 ) six spokes1 cut at _! ends 9 su* a mann] z w all[ ! cases to be firmly atta*$4 ,b :e!r y use ! "o =m or ! o!r1 ! pr9ciple is precisely ! same1 & ! cases mu/ be arrang$ z %[n 9 ! adjo9+ diagram 7fig4 #fe74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fe4 ,! p]=mance ( ?is :eel is1 ( c\rse1 ! same z t ( ! s+le triangle :eel1 & diff]s f x only 9 ! matt] ( duration4 ,b x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t a d\ble triangle :eel1 hav+ six cases ^u x1 w\ld be a v sl[ sample ( pyrote*nic beauty if all ^! cases 7 fill$ ) ! same composition4 ,x w\ld1 inde$1 be a mo/ mean+less p]=mance4 ,y mu/ !re=e take c>e t "s v>iation is made1 us+ at lea/ two v>ieties ( composition4 ,y w !n h an effective piece1 capable ( la/+ a long "t 9 proportion to its size4 ,,v]tical ,,:eels4 #dg4 ,leav+ n[ ! triangul> =m ( :eels1 we w pass on to ^? :i* are call$ ,v]tical4 ,all triangle :eels are v]tical :eels1 b all v]tical :eels are n triangul>2 x is ( non-triangul> v]tical :eels t ,i am n[ ab\t to speak4 ,^! are made ) a nave1 spokes1 & felloe 9 ! same mann] z a c>riage :eel4 ,! cases may be fa/5$ to ! felloe1 or ! :eel may be made )\t a felloe1 & ! cases fa/5$1 9 any way t occurs to y1 to ! extremities ( ! spokes2 ei!r by nail+ to _! ends pieces ( wood at "r angles ) ! spokes1 or by cutt+ a groove 9 ! end ( ea* spoke & ty+ a case into x ) /r+4 ,z long z ! cases be prop]ly arrang$ & secur$ firmly to ! framework x matt]s v little :i* ( ! above plans is adopt$4 ,select ! plan :i* c mo/ easily be c>ri$ out by ! means t y h at comm&1 & c>ry x out 9 ! simple/ possible way4 ,complications are n only unnecess>y1 b v likely to deprive y\r pieces ( :at w\ld o!rwise h be5 _! complete success4 ,! accompany+ sket* 7fig4 #ff7 gives y a repres5tation ( ano!r arrangem5t ( six cases1 :i* is1 9 my op9ion1 productive ( a bett] effect ?an ! d\ble triangle4 ,! :eel "h repres5t$ is va/ly improv$ by ! addition ( a col\r$ fire plac$ some:]e ne> its c5tre2 b ,i h n yet giv5 any directions or in/ructions = ! prep>ation ( col\rs = su* a purpose1 & ! mak+ ( ^! additions mu/ be res]v$ = its prop] place4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ff4 ,b p]haps ! mo/ satisfactory arrangem5t ( six cases on a v]tical :eel is t :i* ! next sket* repres5ts4 ,by ! plan adopt$ !re--t ( mak+ ! cases incl9e outw>ds--a mu* l>g] circle ( fire is produc$1 & ! g5]al effect is consid]ably improv$4 ,x w be p]ceiv$ t ! mode ( 8clo?+10 & ty+ on ! cases1 = all ^! diff]5t =ms ( :eels is ! same1 ! only diff]5ce be+ 9 ! %ape ( ! framework4 ,! cases may be fir$ s+ly or d\bly 9 ?is :eel--t is1 y may make !m burn "o at a "t till all are consum$ by putt+ ! quick-mat* to !m j z my sket* 7fig4 #fg7 repres5ts1 or y may connect ) quick-mat* ! fir/ & f\r? cases1 s t ^! take fire simultane\sly4 ,by ?is arrangem5t ! fir/ & f\r? cases w "w toge!r1 ! second & fif?1 & ! ?ird & six?4 ,( c\rse ! fir/ & f\r? cases are ! only pair t ne$ be connect$ by quick-mat*1 = !y w sev]ally convey _! fire to ! second & fif?1 & ^! to ! ?ird & six?4 ,! framework ( ?is :eel may be made ( deal or bee* 7! latt] ,i %\ld pref]7 ab\t ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick2 ! :eel altoge!r %\ld be f #ae to #ah in*es 9 diamet]4 ,x %\ld by all means h "s c5tre1 l t describ$ at fig4 #fj1 to secure its /eady & true movem5t4 ,?is :eel also w be va/ly improv$ by ! addition ( a col\r$ fire to its c5tre4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fg4 ,we w n[ proce$ to speak ( ,,horizontal ,,:eels4 #dh4 ,^!1 l ! v]tical :eels1 may be made ( almo/ any %ape or design4 ,!y h a hole bor$ 9 ! exact c5tre ( _! nave1 & up ?is hole ! sp9dle passes on :i* !y revolve4 ,! annex$ fig4 #fh gives y "o ( ! simple/ =ms ( ! horizontal :eel4 ,a :eel made accord+ to ?is plan w require f\r :eel-cases & a case ( ,*9ese fire long en\gh to la/ dur+ ! combu/ion ( two ( ! :eel-cases4 ,! quick-mat* is put to x 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,simply connect ! fir/ & second :eel-cases by c>ry+ a quick-mat* f ! tail ( ! fir/ to ! m\? ( ! second4 ,!n f ! tail ( ! second c>ry two 8lead]s0 7z ^! pieces ( quick-mat* are call$71 "o to ! ?ird :eel-case & ! o!r to ! p]p5dicul> case ( ,*9ese fire1 :i* w ?us be ignit$ at ! same mom5t ) ! ?ird :eel-case2 & to complete ! :eel c>ry a lead] f ! tail ( ! ?ird to ! m\? ( ! f\r? case4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fh4 ,! case ( ,*9ese fire :i* ,i %\ld recomm5d y to make = ?is & = o!r horizontal :eels is "o ( ! #b-oz4 size1 n9e or t5 in*es 9 l5g?1 & fill$ ) composition ,no4 #d1 giv5 9 p>agraph #da4 ,x is to be affix$ to ! :eel ?us3--,!re mu/ be a small project+ piece ( wood left by ! turn] at ! top ( ! nave ( ! :eel1 ab\t an in* 9 height & five-eigh?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 & if an in* ( ! case be left unoccupi$ by ! composition at its un*ok$ end1 ?is end c be squeez$ ov] ! wood5 po9t m5tion$ above1 or c be glu$ on to x if y ?9k x desirable4 ,ano!r & v amus+ v>iety ( ! horizontal :eel is t :i* my next illu/ration repres5ts1 & :i* is sometimes call$ ! 8caprici\s0 :eel4 ,?is c>ries six :eel-cases & "o ,*9ese fire case4 ,! :eel-cases are arrang$ 9 ! foll[+ mann]3--,all ! cases are plac$ at an angle ) ! plane ( ! :eel's revolution2 ! ?ree upp] ones h _! m\?s incl9$ upw>ds1 ! ?ree l[] ones d[nw>ds4 ,c>e ( c\rse mu/ be tak5 t all ! m\?s1 :e!r incl9+ upw>ds or d[nw>ds1 be turn$ 9 ! same direction4 ,!y are connect$ ?us3--,make "o ( ! l[] cases ! fir/ to be fir$2 f ! tail ( ?is c>ry a lead] to ! ne>e/ ( ! upp] cases1 :i* w !n burn second2 f ! second c>ry a lead] to ano!r ( ! l[] cases2 !n f ?is to ano!r ( ! upp] ones4 ,f ?is f\r? case c>ry ?ree lead]s--"o to ! rema9+ upp] case1 "o to ! rema9+ l[] case1 & "o to ! case ( ,*9ese fire4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #fi4 ,! effect ( ?is :eel is exce$+ly laughable4 ,x does n revolve s rapidly z ! simple horizontal :eel m5tion$ above1 ! cases ( :i* are p]fectly horizontal4 ,! impression t its p]=mance always gives "o is1 t x is det]m9$ to d some?+ viol5t3 t if "o direction ( fire w n answ] x w try ano!r4 ,ea* succe$+ case s5ds x r\nd m rapidly ?an ! la/1 on acc\nt ( ! decreas+ weight z ! cases burn out2 & if ! two cases :i* are to burn ) ! case ( ,*9ese fire be fill$ ) composition ,no4 #a1 giv5 9 p>agraph #dd1 ! fury ( ! :eel w at ! la/ seem to "k no b\nds4 ,x is necess>y1 h[ev]1 to see t ! hole into :i* ! iron sp9dle is to pass is truly bor$ & is long en\gh1 & t ! sp9dle at ! top ( ! po/ is /raight & /rong4 ,?is sp9dle %\ld pass into ! nave ( ! :eel five in*es at lea/4 ,let me press ^u y "o or two important h9ts4 ,! case1 or cases1 t burn la/ on ea* :eel mu/ always h _! ends clos$ ) clay1 or "s incombu/ible sub/ance4 ,if ?is advice be neglect$ y\r :eel is pretty c]ta9 to fail4 ,i h drawn at fig4 #gj1 a fac-simile ( ! sp9dle :i* ,i use = all v]tical :eels4 ,x is made to screw into an iron :i* is repres5t$ at fig4 #ga1 :i* iron is fix$ by screws to my po/ 9 ! mann] %[n at fig4 #gb4 ,! po/ ,i employ /&s ab\t t5 feet out ( ! gr\nd4 ,into its top is driv5 ano!r sp9dle1 on :i* my horizontal :eels turn4 ,bo? ^! iron sp9dles %\ld be made ( qu>t] in* iron rod4 ,y w f9d ! sp9dle drawn at fig4 #gj v mu* m conv5i5t ?an "o simply driv5 into ! po/1 & hav+ a 8nut0 at its end to screw & unscrew2 = x is m ?an probable t on a d>k night1 :5 y are tak+ d[n "o :eel t has be5 fir$1 & putt+ up ano!r1 y w drop ! 8nut10 & feel consid]ably at a loss )\t x4 ,& besides ?is1 y c by ?is means always remove ! sp9dle1 & protect x f ru/4 ,y\r po/ %\ld be v /eady4 ,mr4 ,d>by w supply y ) any frameworks ( :eels1 made to any patt]n t y please4 ,i %all speak ( "s o!r :eels :5 we are suffici5tly advanc$ 9 pyrote*nic pr(ici5cy to be able to attempt ! manufacture ( all _! compon5t p>ts4 ,,lances--,,:ite ,,& ,,col\r$4 #di4 ,we h n[1 9 ! c\rse ( our pyrote*nic inve/igations1 arriv$ at a po9t :]e x becomes necess>y to "k some?+ m ?an we h already le>n$ ab\t col\r$ fires4 ,i h spok5 hi!rto only ( ^? col\r$ compositions :i* are employ$ 9 ! manufacture ( rocket & ,roman-c&le />s4 ,^! compositions mu/ = ! mo/ "p be conf9$ 9 _! use to t purpose1 because !y are1 9 almo/ all cases1 f> too rapid 9 _! combu/ion = ! purposes ( :i* ,i am n[ ab\t to speak4 ,i n[ proce$ to treat ( ,lances1 :ite & col\r$1 = mak+ up devices1 su* z names1 cre/s1 mottoes1 wrea?s1 c41 c4 ,n[1 !re are a great _m =mul giv5 = compositions employ$ to decorate o!r fireworks1 or to =m designs ( any k9d 9 :ite or col\r$ fire1 ) :i* x may be advisable = my read]s to be acqua9t$1 9 ord] t !y may h ! opportunity ( select+ = !mselves1 & ( provid+ !mselves )1 a col\r ( t p>ticul> %ade & "* :i* is be/ adapt$ = ! work+ out ( ! design det]m9$ ^u4 ,9 ! fir/ place ,i w speak ( ^? fireworks :i* are prop]ly call$ 8lances40 ,^! are small cases1 g5]ally made ab\t ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 diamet]1 t is r\nd a piece ( glass or brass rod or tube ( t size 7tubes are always be/ = ^! small =m]s74 ,! cases are ab\t two or two & a-half in*es long1 ) "o end p9*$ or turn$ 94 ,two r\nds ( ?9 demy or d\ble cr[n :ite pap]1 pa/$1 w give suffici5t ?ickness & sub/ance = ! case4 ,! cases1 :5 dry1 are to be fill$ ) ei!r ( ! foll[+ compositions by means ( ! funnel & wire app>atus illu/rat$ at figs4 #cd & #ce3-- ,,compositions ,,= ,,lances4 ,:ite4 ,no4 #a4 ,nitre #af p>ts4 ,sulphur #h ,meal-p[d] #f ,or1 ,no4 #b4 ,nitre #af ,sulphur #d ,meal-p[d] #f ,or1 ,no4 #c4 ,nitre #ab ,sulphur #d ,sulphide ( antimony #c ,or1 ,no4 #d4 ,nitre #gb ,sulphur #ah ,regulus ( antimony #cc ,realg> #a "p4 ,%ellac #a ,or1 ,no4 #e4 ,nitre #if p>ts4 ,sulphur #bd ,regulus ( antimony #dh ,realg> #f ,%ellac #a "p4 ,^! = ! mo/ "p give a blui%-:ite flame1 & :5 employ$ 9 cases ( ! size m5tion$ above1 burn sl[ly1 & w la/ z long z ?is species ( firework is requir$ to la/4 ,yell[4 ,no4 #f4 ,*lorate ( pota% #gb p>ts4 ,oxalate ( soda #fj ,/e>9e #f ,sulphur #f ,or1 ,no4 #g4 ,*lorate ( pota% #dj ,oxalate ( soda #af ,%ellac #h ,/e>9e #c ,gre54 ,no4 #h4 ,*lorate ( pota% #fj ,nitrate ( b>yta #da ,calomel #di ,p[d]$ sug> #cj ,%ellac #a "p4 ,or1 ,no4 #i4 ,*lorate ( pota% #fc p>ts4 ,nitrate ( b>yta #ej ,calomel #ej ,sug> #cb ,%ellac #a "p4 ,! gre5 col\r is nev] v decid$ :5 ! compositions are employ$ 9 cases s small z ^? spok5 ( above4 ,b by f> ! be/ composition to be us$ 9 ^! small cases is "o conta9+ a r co/ly +r$i5t1 :i* is ! *lorate ( b>yta4 ,! usual price ( ?is salt is ab\t #hs4 p] lb41 or r less4 ,x gives a magnific5t col\r if x is pure1 b if n1 x is n wor? buy+4 ,i give y ! =mul 9 :i* x may be employ$1 9 case y %\ld require a v brilliant em]ald gre5 9 ^! small lances4 ,!y are-- ,no4 #aj4 ,*lorate ( b>yta #ah p>ts4 ,calomel #g ,%ellac 7v f9e7 #c ,or1 ,no4 #aa4 ,*lorate ( b>yta #bd ,/e>9e #c ,sug> 7v f9e7 #a "p4 ,compositions conta9+ *lorate ( b>yta are p]fectly safe :]e no sulphur is employ$4 ,! salt itself is n at all deliquesc5t4 ,a v good =mula besides ! above is "o conta9+ ?ree proportions ( *lorate ( b>yta1 & "o ( p[d]$ sug>4 ,we w next speak ( ,,r$ ,,lances4 ,r$ ,lances4 ,no4 #ab4 ,*lorate ( pota% #ac p>ts4 ,nitrate ( /rontia #aj ,calomel #h ,%ellac #c ,dextr9e #a "p4 ,*]ti]'s copp] #a ,or1 ,no4 #ac4 ,*lorate ( pota% #ab p>ts4 ,nitrate ( /rontia #ab ,calomel #f ,%ellac #d ,*]ti]'s copp] #a "p4 ,*>coal 7f9e7 #a ,a good rose-col\r$ fire may be produc$ by a composition conta9+ ! oxalate ( /rontia1 :i*1 ?\gh n to be met ) ev]y:]e1 is a valuable salt on acc\nt ( its extreme dryness & f95ess4 ,! =mula giv5 next has ! m]it ( be+ rapid 9 its combu/ion4 ,%\ld x be ?\ght too quick1 decrease ! proportion ( *lorate ( pota%1 or increase t ( calomel4 ,! increase ( calomel has ! effect ( deep5+ ! col\r1 b1 at ! same "t1 ( dim9i%+ ! reflective p[] ( ! light4 ,rose-col\r$ ,lances4 ,no4 #ad4 ,*lorate ( pota% #bd p>ts4 ,sulphur #b ,/e>9e #c ,oxalate ( /rontia #d ,?is composition w rema9 good = any l5g? ( "t1 & has !re=e a great advantage ov] ^? :i* conta9 ! nitrate ( /rontia4 ,& "h ,i may z well rem9d y ( ! importance & necessity ( hav+ ?is latt] salt p]fectly dry & f9e1 o!rwise y w be disappo9t$ ( y\r int5d$ effect 9 ! ord9>y r$-fire compositions4 ,= ! blue lances y may use composition ,no4 #h1 giv5 9 p>agraph #bc4 ,b !re are also two o!r =mul :i* y w f9d v s]viceable & effective3-- ,no4 #ae4 ,*lorate ( pota% #cb p>ts ,*]ti]'s copp] #ab ,calomel #dj ,sug> #be ,or1 ,no4 #af4 ,*lorate ( pota% #f ,*]ti]'s copp] #a "p4 ,calomel #e p>ts4 ,sug> #d ,= ! prep>ation ( a purple fire = ^! little cases1 y _c d bett] ?an use t giv5 = ,purple ,rocket ,/>s4 ,!re are /ill two o!r col\rs :i* y may p]haps f9d useful & ornam5tal1 & )\t :i* my li/ w\ld n be complete4 ,!y are ! violet & ! lilac t9ts4 ,! violet is at ,no4 #ag1 & ! lilac at ,no4 #ah3-- ,no4 #ag4 ,*lorate ( pota% #bf p>ts4 ,calomel #bd ,c>bonate ( /rontia #d ,*]ti]'s copp] #c ,sug> #ad ,or1 ,no4 #ah4 ,*lorate ( pota% #ab ,prep>$ *alk #d ,sulphur #e ,calomel #c ,sulphide ( copp] #aj ,) reg>d to ! use ( sug> 9 pyrote*nic compositions x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t x is a sub/ance :i* readily attracts damp1 s t x mu/ be kept 9 a closely-cork$ or /opp]$ bottle4 ,x %\ld be r$uc$ to p[d] 9 a v dry mort>1 & !n sift$ ?r\gh v f9e musl91 to fit x = pyrote*nic uses4 ,& ! m5tion ( musl9 "h rem9ds me ( a fact :i* exp]i5ce has br\ght to light1 & :i* y w f9d x highly conv5i5t to rememb]4 ,all ^? p[d]$ salts & pyrote*nic +r$i5ts :i* clog ! me%es ( a wire sieve w easily pass ?r\gh a sieve made ( musl94 ,= in/ance1 p[d]$ /e>9e1 %ellac1 sug>1 & ! salts ( /rontia & b>yta w be f\nd to sift mu* m readily ?r\gh musl91 provid$ ! musl9 be dry & clean4 ,?is w enable ! amateur pyrote*ni/ to fit himself up ) sieves ( any f95ess at a v small co/4 ,he w require only a t9 or z9c drum1 ab\t #f in*es 9 diamet]1 & #d in*es high1 ) a wire r+ r\nd ea* end4 ,ov] "o ( ^! ends he c /ret* a piece ( musl9 ( ! requir$ ?ickness1 & fa/5 x ) a /rong ela/ic b&4 ,or he may h a metal r+ made l>ge en\gh to fit ov] ! musl9 & r\nd "o end ( ! drum1 :i* he c remove :5 a *ange ( musl9 is necess>y4 ,i d n by any means recomm5d ?is k9d ( sieve = sift+ su* ?+s z meal-p[d]1 *>coal1 or sulphur2 = ,i consid] a receiv]1 made to fit on to ! sieve1 indisp5sable 9 ! case ( sift+ ^! articles4 ,! du/ aris+ f ?is op]ation w o!rwise f9d its way into y\r eyes1 & nose1 & clo!s1 & ov] ev]y?+ 9 y\r room4 ,x is1 p]haps1 unnecess>y = me to add t all ! above compositions mu/ be made up ) ! greate/ exactness1 & no +r$i5ts mu/ be us$ b su* z are ?or\ghly dry & 9 ! f9e/ p[d]4 ,! mo/ successful pyrote*ni/s h nev] be5 able to produce prop] effects1 ev5 ) ! pure/ & be/ mat]ials & *emicals1 unless ^? mat]ials h be5 fir/ r$uc$ to ! necess>y /ate ( f95ess & dryness1 & !n mix$ till !y h become mo/ intimately incorporat$4 ,we w n[ suppose a suffici5t numb] ( ^! lances to be fill$ ) ! select$ compositions4 ,!y mu/ be prim$ precisely 9 ! mann] describ$ "u ! head ( 8,gold5 ,ra9s40 ,:5 f9i%$ !y w be ab\t two & a-half in*es long1 & ab\t equal 9 size to an ord9>y draw+-p5cil4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gc4 ,! fir/ ?+ to be done is to decide ^u y\r design4 ,?is1 ,i presume1 w n be v l>ge4 ,i ne$ n furni% y ) a s]ies ( sugge/ions = ^! designs1 = ! *ance is1 t1 aft] all ,i c say1 ! "o :i* y wi% to execute w be "o ( y\r own conception1 or at all ev5ts1 "o :i* y w\ld r c>ry out 9 y\r own way4 ,b ,i give "h a pla9 sample ( ! "w 7fig4 #gc71 :i* is m]ely int5d$ to make cle>] my v]bal directions4 ,! lett]s %\ld n be less ?an t5 in*es high4 ,9 ! fir/ place y mu/ ei!r procure a bo>d ( suffici5t size = y\r design1 or y mu/ make a wood5 framework ( ! %ape t y require4 ,suppose ! design to be a ,v4,r43 n[ ei!r sket* ?is out ^u "o side ( y\r bo>d1 or1 if y wi% to h x l>g] ?an a bo>d w all[1 make a pla9 r\gh framework describ+ ! lett]s4 ,:5 ?is is done1 decide ^u ! di/ance at :i* y c place ! lances "o f ano!r4 ,?is di/ance is g5]ally ab\t two in*es1 b no exact rule c be laid d[n1 = s mu* dep5ds ^u ! sort ( design t y ?9k ( execut+1 & ^u ! scale ( its size4 ,i w n[ suppose t y h y\r design c>efully drawn ^u ! bo>d or framework4 ,^u ! outl9es ( y\r sket* make little p5cil circles :]ev] y int5d to place a lance2 &1 z f> z x is possible1 arrange t ! lances %all be equidi/ant "o f ano!r4 ,( c\rse ! prime object ( ! arrangem5t mu/ be to make ! outl9e ( ! lett]s1 figures1 c41 z pla9 & bold z possible4 ,n[ ) a c5tre-bit1 or1 :at is bett]1 a p9-bit1 bore a hole ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* deep :]e y\r circles are p5cill$4 ,^! holes mu/ be ( su* a size t ! clos$ ends ( ! lances w fit easily into !m4 ,:5 y h complet$ ?is op]ation1 get ei!r "s glue or "s ( ! mixture ( size & r$ lead :i* ,i h recomm5d$ be=e2 & :5 x is liquid1 dip into x ! clos$ end ( ea* ( ! lances4 ,en\gh ( ! mixture w adh]e to ! lances to all[ ( _! be+ secur$ firmly 9 ! holes t y h bor$4 ,9 a v %ort "t all w be h>d & dry1 & y w !n h a s]ies ( lances project+ at "r angles ) y\r bo>d or framework1 ea* hav+ its m\? prim$1 & all be+ ( ! same l5g?4 ,! only ?+ t rema9s n[ to be done is to clo! ^! prim$ m\?s ) quick-mat*4 ,?is is by no means difficult1 b requires a c]ta9 am\nt ( pati5ce4 ,take a l5g? ( mat* 9 its case1 &1 hav+ expos$ "o end ( ! black mat* itself1 put a small p9 ?r\gh x into ! prim+ ( "o ( ! lances4 ,?is w fa/5 x d[n1 & at ! same "t w insure its ignition4 ,!n lead ! quick-mat* on to ! next lance1 cutt+ away ) scissors a piece ( ! "u side ( its case1 to all[ ! mat* 9 pass+ to t\* its prim+4 ,put a p9 ?r\gh ! mat* into ! prim+ ( ?is lance also1 & s on till all are clo!d4 ,if m ( ! cas+ ( ! mat* has be5 cut away ?an is necess>y1 x w be well to pa/e small /rips ( pap] :]ev] ?is has happ5$1 z any exposure ( ! black mat* w endang] ! piece1 r5d]+ x liable to ignition f ! sp>ks ( o!r fireworks4 ,?is piece ( caution mu/ be c>efully att5d$ to1 because lance-"w is g5]ally employ$ ) ! f9ale ( an exhibition1 :5 a great _m pieces are go+ (f at once1 & :5 ! effect ( ! :ole may be easily spoil$ by ! untimely fir+ ( "o "p4 ,! arrangem5t ( col\rs 9 lance-"w mu/1 ( c\rse1 be left entirely to ! arti/ himself4 ,x matt]s n :at ! arrangem5t is1 if ! col\rs be only prop]ly contra/$4 ,rememb] t ! mo/ effective & /rik+ contra/s are blue ) yell[1 r$ ) gre51 purple ) r$1 :ite ) violet or r$4 ,9 ! case ( lett]s1 or a monogram1 a bord] ( an oval or circul> %ape adds v mu* to ! effect4 ,?is bord] %\ld be ( a diff]5t col\r to t us$ = ! lett]s1 c4 ,lance-"w is n v l>gely us$ 9 pyrote*nic exhibitions2 "o specim5 ( x 9 ea* display is q z mu* z is g5]ally se54 ,b x c]ta9ly is a pyrote*nic feature1 & on t acc\nt mu/ n be pass$ ov]4 ,lance-"w is g5]ally accompani$ 9 its exhibition ) ,roman c&les1 or ) "s arrangem5t ( g]bes to take (f :at w\ld o!rwise be its b>e appe>ance4 ,:5 introduc$ z a c5tre to "s framework ( sp>kl+ fire x is v beautiful1 p>ticul>ly if col\rs be employ$ 9 x4 ,i ne$ h>dly add t :5 x is fir$ ! framework is to be plac$ v]tically1 & ! lances are to burn horizontally4 ,x is a good plan to pa9t ! framework black4 ,,col\r$ ,,lights4 #ej4 ,we may n[ g on to deal ) ano!r bran* ( ?is "p ( our subject--viz41 t :i* conc]ns ! manufacture ( col\r$ lights = illum9at+ :eels1 or set-pieces1 or any l>g] k9d ( firework4 ,?is species ( col\r is p]haps m useful 9 exhibition "w ?an any s+le firework t c be nam$1 = !re are few set-pieces1 or :eels1 or designs ( any pret5sions to :i* ^! col\r$ lights _c be adapt$1 & adapt$1 too1 ) a v enhanc+ effect4 ,_! prep>ation is exce$+ly simple4 ,!y are g5]ally made 9 two sizes only2 ^! are ! two-ounce & ! "o-ounce sizes4 ,! cases are made ( c>tridge or foolscap pap] & are ab\t two in*es long = ! two-ounce size & "o in* & ?ree-qu>t]s = ! "o-ounce size4 ,us$-up copy-books furni% excell5t pap] = mak+ ^! col\r$ light cases4 ,?ree or f\r r\nds ( ! pap] w give y ample ?ickness = ! case4 ,! pap] %\ld be pa/$ all ! way along ! /rips4 ,:5 ! cases are ?or\ghly dry1 ram into ! bottom ( !m "s dry p[d]$ clay2 ?is w make a close end1 & w also furni% an incombu/ible "p by :i* ! case may be ti$ or fa/5$ to its place4 ,! clay is (t5 ramm$ s z to fill ! case ne>ly half-way up2 b1 ( c\rse1 ! space left = ! composition w dep5d ^u ! l5g? ( "t t y wi% ! col\r to burn4 ,!re is "s exactness & nicety1 besides a c]ta9 am\nt ( actual exp]i5ce1 requir$ = ! prop] adju/m5t ( ^! col\rs to ! cases 9 comb9ation ) :i* !y are to burn4 ,! col\r$ light %\ld be "u control1 s t x makes its appe>ance & introduces its int5d$ effect at ! "r "t1 & la/s only z long z x is requir$ to la/4 ,i w n[ give a few =mul = ^! l>g] col\r$ lights4 ,^!1 if made up ) ord9>y c>e & _! +r$i5ts ?or\ghly mix$ w produce magnific5t col\rs1 bo? z reg>ds dep? ( t9t & brilliancy ( reflective p[]4 ,! compositions giv5 above = lances are = ! mo/ "p ( too rapid combu/ion to answ] well 9 ^! l>g] & m op5 cases1 b ! foll[+ w be f\nd to succe$ admirably if ! *emicals us$ be only pure & dry1 & prop]ly incorporat$3-- ,,:ite ,,lights ,,= ,,decoration4 ,no4 #ai4 ,nitre #d p>ts4 ,sulphur #a "p4 ,sulphide ( antimony #a ,or1 ,no4 #bj4 ,nitre #d p>ts4 ,sulphur #a "p4 ,meal-p[d] #a ,^! w give ! ord9>y blui%-:ite light1 & compositions made f !m w rema9 good = any l5g? ( "t4 ,! yell[ lights may be made f ! =mul giv5 "u ! head ( ,lances4 ,! foll[+ w produce ! gre53-- ,no4 #ba4 ,nitrate ( b>yta #hj p>ts4 ,*lorate ( pota% #cb ,sulphur #bd ,calomel #af ,*>coal 7f9e7 #c ,%ellac #b ,! drawback to all gre5 col\rs burnt 9 cases is t ! combu/ion ( ! case itself impairs to "s ext5t ! purity ( ! t9t ( ! flame4 ,cases1 !re=e1 :i* are to conta9 gre5 fire mu/ n be made unnecess>ily ?ick4 ,composition ,no4 #ba gives by f> ! be/ col\r t ,i h yet se5 = ?is purpose1 & :5 contra/$ ) a good r$ is all t "o ne$ desire4 ,! two next compositions w furni% exce$+ly beautiful r$ col\rs4 ,x is be/ to make !m up only a %ort "t be=e us+ !m1 z _! effect is mu* m brilliant :5 q fre%ly mix$2 &1 besides1 ! nitrate ( /rontia becomes damp aft] a "t1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! autumn & w9t] mon?s1 9 :i* case x w produce only ! effect ( disappo9t+ y4 ,! compositions are bo? p]fectly safe1 s9ce !y conta9 no sulphur1 & are on t acc\nt entirely free f all liability to spontane\s combu/ion3-- ,r$ ,lights4 ,no4 #bb4 ,*lorate ( pota% #cb p>ts4 ,nitrate ( /rontia #dh ,calomel #bj ,%ellac #ab ,*]ti]'s copp] #d ,*>coal 7f9e7 #a "p4 ,or1 ,no4 #bc4 ,*lorate ( pota% #hd p>ts4 ,nitrate ( /rontia #hj ,calomel #ea ,dextr9e #bb ,%ellac #ah ,*]ti]'s copp] #d ,( ^! two =mul1 ,no4 #bb is ! "o t ,i g5]ally employ4 ,x produces a v brilliant col\r1 :i* is almo/ sc>let1 & =ms1 9 my op9ion1 ! be/ contra/ bo? to ! gre5 & purple lights4 ,no4 #bc gives a deep ri* crimson1 :i* may also be f\nd v effective occasionally4 ,dextr9e1 :i* ent]s into its composition1 is always to be _h 9 v f9e p[d]1 & !re=e x w give y no tr\ble to br+ x into ! prop] condition = use4 ,x is v *eap1 be+ sold g5]ally at f #as4 to #as4 #f;d4 p] p\nd4 ,y w require only a v small quantity ( x4 ,we n[ come to ! la/ ( our col\rs = mak+ ^! decorat+ lights1 & t is ! purple4 ,purple4 ,no4 #bd4 ,*lorate ( pota%4 #bh p>ts4 ,*]ti]'s copp] #bh ,calomel #ac ,%ellac #h ,/e>9e #a "p4 ,or1 ,no4 #be4 ,*lorate ( pota% #dj p>ts4 ,calomel #bh ,*]ti]'s copp] #bh ,dextr9e #aj ,/e>9e #c ,no4 #bf4 ,*lorate ( pota% #bf ,*]ti]'s copp] #bd ,calomel #ad ,%ellac #g ,all ( ^! ?ree =mul produce good col\rs4 ,i ?9k t ,i am r incl9$ to give ! pref]5ce to ,no4 #be1 on acc\nt ( ! v effective contra/ t x makes :5 employ$ to burn ) ! r$ at ,no4 #bb4 ,^! ?ree col\rs are p]fectly safe1 = ! same reason t ,i /at$ above :5 speak+ ( ! r$ lights4 ,i tru/ t ! =mul :i* ,i h n[ giv5 w be f\nd to supply all t y w require 9 ?is dep>tm5t ( pyrote*ny4 ,! compositions h all be5 us$ by me1 & ,i c !re=e speak f actual exp]i5ce ( _! respective m]its1 & s y w be pleas$ to rememb] t if !y d n succe$ 9 y\r h&s ! fault w lie ei!r 9 ! condition1 p]haps ! impurity1 ( y\r *emicals1 or 9 y\r own manipulation4 ,i c answ] = ! receipts2 all t is necess>y on y\r "p is a scrupul\s att5tion to my directions4 ,& "h let me put 9 a ^w ( caution4 ,:]e y see 8,r$ ,lights1 ,gre5 ,lights1 ,purple ,lights0 writt5 ov] ! =mul above1 y are to rememb] di/9ctly t ,i use ! ^w 8,,lights0 to di/+ui% ?is bran* ( pyrote*ny1 & ^! compositions1 f ^? :i* ,i mean to treat ( "u ! title ( col\r$ 8,,fires40 ,by col\r$ lights ,i mean small cases1 ( ! #a or #b-oz4 size1 fill$ ) ei!r ( ! above compositions f ,no4 #ai to ,no4 #bf inclusive4 ,^! compositions are n adapt$ = ! purpose ( produc+ col\r$ ,,fires1 su* z are employ$ to light up g>d5s1 av5ues1 build+s1 c4 ,!y are to be conf9$ to _! own use1 :i* is ! decoration ( :eels1 or ( any l>ge & complicat$ exhibition fireworks4 ,= ?is purpose !y w answ] well1 & = ! o!r !y w n answ] at all4 ,& hav+ n[ expla9$ ! di/9ction betwe5 col\r$ ,,lights & ,,fires1 ,i mu/ ask my read]s n to lay ! blame ^u me if1 :5 employ+ my compositions = purposes = :i* !y 7 nev] int5d$1 !y f9d !y d n succe$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #gd4 ,b we h /ill to speak ( ! way 9 :i* ^! col\r$ lights are to be fa/5$ to ! pieces :i* !y are design$ to decorate4 ,! mo/ common way ( do+ ?is is to drive a nail into ! wood5 framework ( ! piece at ! place :]e y wi% to place ! col\r$ light1 & to tie ! case :i* conta9s x to ?is nail4 ,two nails1 l 8two heads10 are bett] ?an "o1 & ! case may be secur$ z %[n 9 ! annex$ sket* 7fig4 #gd74 ,a repres5ts ! col\r$ light case2 ,b ! /r+ :i* is pass$ r\nd its l[] clay$ end1 by means ( :i* x is secur$ to ! two nails1 ,c ,c1 :i* are driv5 into ! wood5 framework4 ,?is mode ( fa/5+ is v simple & effective = atta*+ ! col\r$ fire cases to ! framework ( a fix$ piece4 ,b 9 ! case ( a :eel1 or any piece :i* has motion1 x is1 9 my op9ion1 v desirable to give !m a position l t ( ! :eel-cases--i4e41 to let !m revolve ) _! m\?s 9 ! opposite direction to t ( ! motion ( ! :eel4 ,?is is easily done1 ei!r by fa/5+ !m betwe5 ! spokes ( a l>ge :eel1 or1 9 ! case ( a small "o1 by driv+ 9 a long] nail ?an is necess>y1 & b5d+ d[n ! head ( x 9 ! desir$ direction1 & fa/5+ ! col\r$ light case to ?is b5t "p 7fig4 #ge74 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ge4 ,by ?is means y w h no difficulty 9 atta*+ ^! little decorations 9 any place1 to any "p ( ! framework ( y\r piece1 or 9 any direction4 ,! object ( turn+ ! m\? away f ! direction 9 :i* ! piece moves is t ! resi/ance (f]$ by ! air dur+ its revolution may n int]f]e ) ! easy combu/ion ( ! col\r$ light4 ,b we h yet to say a few words ab\t ! fill+ ^! #a or #b-oz4 cases1 & _! prim+4 ,! compositions us$ = ?is purpose d n require1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 to be ramm$ into ! cases2 !y only ne$ be press$ 9 s firmly t _! motion dur+ combu/ion %all n %ake !m out4 ,( c\rse !y %\ld be uni=mly press$ 91 & ?is is simply done by press+ 9 only a small quantity at a "t4 ,) reg>d to _! prim+1 ?is may be done 9 ei!r ( ! foll[+ ways--by sme>+ into _! m\?s "s wett$ meal-p[d]1 or1 :at is bett]1 by press+ into _! m\?s a piece ( quick-mat*1 & !n press+ a little ( ! col\r$ composition ov] t1 & all[+ ! end ( ! mat* to project ab\t half-an-in*4 ,b 9 :atev] way !y are prim$ !y mu/ h two r\nds ( "s ?9 pap] pa/$ r\nd _! m\?s1 & project+ an in* or s beyond !m1 into :i* ! lead]s c be ti$ :i* are to connect !m ) ! o!r cases ( ! piece4 ,9 ! case ( small :eels1 9 :i* only "o ( ^! col\r$ light cases is to be employ$1 x w be advisable to fill x ) compositions ( diff]5t col\rs4 ,press 9 fir/ en\gh r$-light composition to fill "o-?ird ( ! case2 !n en\gh purple to occupy ano!r ?ird1 & fill ! rema9d] ( ! case ) gre5 composition4 ,by ?is means y w be able to v>y y\r effects to any ext5t4 ,i n[ wi% to give y directions = mak+ a v beautiful & effective firework1 9 :i* ^! col\r$ lights play a prom95t "p4 ,i mu/ ref] y to ! page ( illu/rations :i* accompanies ?is pap]1 9 ord] t y may h no difficulty 9 und]/&+ ! directions :i* ,i am n[ ab\t to (f]4 ,9 its g5]al work+ ! piece is v simil> to t :i* ,i h describ$ "u ! "n ( 8,brilliant ,:eel0 at p>agraph #dc4 ,b x is at ! same "t a great improvem5t ^u ! "o !re spok5 (4 ,cut a piece ( deal or bee* bo>d into ! %ape drawn at ,a ,a4 7fig4 #gf74 ,?is %\ld be at lea/ half-an-in* 9 ?ickness1 & n less ?an ?ree feet 9 l5g?4 ,:5 y h %ap$ x z y int5d to leave x1 f9d its c5tre1 ! po9t at :i* x balances4 ,?r\gh ?is po9t bore a hole ( su* a size z w easily admit ! iron sp9dle :i* screws into y\r firework po/ 7fig4 #gj74 ,at ea* end ( ?is wood5 frame place ?ree :eel-cases1 tak+ c>e t ! position ( ! m\?s ( ^! cases is s arrang$ t _! driv+ p[] %all all be 9 "o direction4 ,a quick-mat* lead] is to be c>ri$ f ! tail ( ! extreme case at ea* end to ! m\? ( ! next1 & !n f ! tail ( ^! to ! m\?s ( ! ?ird at ea* end4 ,two m pieces ( wood 7repres5t$ at ,b ,b4 fig4 #gf7 w n[ be requir$1 ea* ab\t twelve in*es long1 five-eigh?s ( an in* wide1 & ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* ?ick4 ,!y mu/ h a hole bor$ ?r\gh !m1 into :i* a sp9dle or smoo? r\nd nail c pass easily4 ,b ?is hole mu/ n be 9 _! c5tre2 x %\ld be bor$ ab\t f\r in*es f "o end1 :i* w leave eight in*es on ! o!r side ( ! hole4 ,?r\gh ^! holes drive a smoo? r\nd nail into ! long framework ( ! piece1 exactly half-way betwe5 its c5tre & ! inn]mo/ :eel-cases4 ,! object ( hang+ ^! two pieces n by _! c5tre ( balance is t "o end be+ long]1 & !re=e heavi]1 ?an ! o!r1 may cause ! pieces to fall r\nd by _! own weight1 z ! firework makes its revolutions4 ,to ^! two pieces col\r$ lights are atta*$ at ea* end 9 su* a position t !y %all project horizontally at "r angles ) ! pieces ,b ,b4 ,?is w be se5 cle>ly by ref]5ce to ! draw+ at ,c ,c4 7fig4 #gg71 :i* is int5d$ to give y a side view ( ! same piece4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t ! satisfactory p]=mance ( ?is firework dep5ds ma9ly ^u ! exactness & true adju/m5t ( ! woodwork4 ,unless ! revolv+ pieces are neatly hung1 & ! balance ( ! ma9 framework is true1 y mu/ n expect success4 ,! col\r$ lights may be arrang$ z foll[s3--,a gre5 & a r$ light on "o ( ! revolv+ pieces1 & a purple & r$ on ! o!r4 ,^! col\r$ lights are all to be connect$ toge!r & ) ! m\?s ( ! two extreme :eel-cases by quick-mat*4 ,x w be obvi\s1 !n1 t ! col\r$ lights mu/ be s prep>$ z to la/ dur+ ! combu/ion ( ! ?ree driv+ cases4 ,! draw+ at 7fig4 #gh7 repres5ts a r bett] position = ! :eel-cases ?an t giv5 at 7fig4 #gf74 ,! diagram 7fig4 #gi7 repres5ts a :eel frame1 to :i* are atta*$ at f f f col\r$ lights4 ,! position !re indicat$ is a v good "o = col\r$ lights :5 requir$ = :eels ( any su* make z t 9 ! draw+4 ,y mu/ n =get t !y are all to be plac$ at diff]5t di/ances f ! c5tre ( ! :eel4 ,!y may1 ( c\rse1 be made to play _! "p at any p]iod ( ! :eel's revolution4 ,! col\r$ lights1 = ^: manufacture ,i h giv5 directions above1 are v valuable auxili>ies 9 ne>ly all exhibition pieces1 & t we %all h occasion to call !m 9 frequ5tly to our aid z our practical pyrote*ny becomes m advanc$1 & our en?usiasm 9 ! art leads u to se>* = new comb9ations & effects4 ,,t\rbillons--,,pla9 ,,& ,,brilliant4 #ea4 ,! t\rbillon is a species ( firework v +5i\sly contriv$ to repres5t a spiral column ( fire4 ,its p]=mance is ( %ort duration1 b :ile x la/s x produces a v /rik+ effect1 & is1 moreov]1 entirely diff]5t f any o!r pyrote*nic piece4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hb4--;,block to receive ! t\rbillon :ile x is be+ bor$4 m--,groove 9 x to receive ! quick-mat*4 ,fig4 #hc4--;,block1 ) settle 7n7 ov] :i* t\rbillons are ramm$4 ,q ,q ,q ,q--,wood5 cyl9d] to enclose t\rbillon case4 ,o ,o ,o ,o--,iron r+s to tight5 cyl9d]4 ,p ,p--,p9 to pass ?r\gh cyl9d]1 & settle to connect !m4 ,fig4 #hd4--,t\rbillon complete1 ) /ick atta*$4 ,fig4 #he4--,revolv+ cradle f :i* t\rbillons are fir$4 s--,iron spike1 ) tubul> top1 9 :i* ! cradle revolves4 ,fig4 #hf4--,metal t\rbillon scale4 ,! prep>ation ( t\rbillons requires a consid]able degree ( nicety & precision1 = unless ! sev]al proportions ( ! piece be accurately pres]v$1 ! true & int5d$ effect w c]ta9ly be lo/1 & ! op]ator n m]ely lose a feature1 b a v beautiful feature1 9 8 exhibition4 ,s9ce1 !n1 x is utt]ly impossible to prep>e successful t\rbillons by c>eless manipulation1 & to hurry ov] any "p ( _! manufacture )\t "s det]ioration to _! p]=mance1 ,i mu/ beg t my read]s w c>efully foll[ my directions 9 e p>ticul>4 ,!y w !n be able to make ^! t\rbillons z successfully z ,i d4 ,b if !y pref] to "w out "s pr9ciple ( _! own1 !y mu/ n hold me responsible = its results4 ,= ! b5efit ( ^? ( my read]s :o may "k little or no?+ ( :at a t\rbillon is1 ,i w fir/ endeav\r to expla9 ! pr9ciple ^u :i* x is con/ruct$1 & !n give 9 detail ! v>i\s op]ations necess>y = its completion4 ,a t\rbillon consi/s ( a /\t case fill$ ) a /rong sp>kl+ composition1 & clos$ v tightly at bo? ends4 ,9 ?is case are bor$ f\r holes1 at :i* ! fire is to f9d v5t4 ,two ( ^! holes are made und]nea? ! case2 f ^! ! fire issues 9 a d[nw>d direction1 & gives ! piece ! p[] ( asc5d+ p]p5dicul>ly4 ,! o!r two holes are made 9 opposite sides ( ! case ne> ea* end2 ! fire issu+ f ^! causes ! case to revolve 9 a horizontal direction :ile x is asc5d+4 ,n[1 x w be obvi\s t to ga9 an exact c\nt]balanc+ ( ^! two =ces consid]able c>e & precision w be necess>y4 ,9 ord] to make my directions z cle> z possible1 ,i int5d to speak only ( "o size ( t\rbillon4 ,y may make !m ( any size1 f ! #a-oz4 up to ! -lb4 size1 if y please2 b y w f9d x by f> ! mo/ economical & c]ta9 plan to keep to "o effective size1 & ?us avoid all confusion & exp5se aris+ f ! multiplication ( tools & measurem5ts4 ,we mu/ fir/ ( all "k h[ to make ! cases4 ,^! are to be ( ! qu>t]-p\nd size4 ,y w d]ive little advantage f adopt+ a l>g] size ?an ?is1 & y w f9d small] sizes unwor?y ( su* an exhibition z ,i tru/ y w be able to make by foll[+ my directions 9 ^! pap]s4 ,f ea* %eet ( y\r #gj-lb4 br[n pap] y w only be able to cut two /rips ( suffici5t wid? & l5g? to make ! lb4 t\rbillon cases4 ,^! two /rips are repres5t$ at ,a & ,b 9 ! annex$ diagram 7fig4 #hj74 ,^! /rips mu/ be eight in*es wide4 ,y\r %eets ( pap] measure ab\t tw5ty-two in*es on _! %ort side2 s t if ,a & ,b are eight in*es wide1 ! rema9+ /rip ,c w be only six in*es wide1 & useless1 !re=e1 = t\rbillon cases ( our pres5t size4 ,b ^! sp>e /rips are sure to prove useful = "s purposes1 & s no wa/e w be incurr$4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hj4 ,! imp]ial bo>d = ^! cases mu/ be cut z 9 ! adjo9+ illu/ration4 ,ea* %eet ( bo>d w provide f\r /rips ( a size prop] = our purpose1 ea* ( :i* w be eight in*es wide & f\rte5 in*es long4 ,^? m>k$ a b c d are int5d$ to repres5t ! pieces to be us$ 7fig4 #ha74 ,^? m>k$ e e %\ld be kept ) ! sp>e /rip m>k$ ,c 9 fig4 #hj1 & w make y a good lb4 case = ,*9ese fire4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ha4 ,i w n[ suppose y to h divid$ y\r pap] accord+ to ! above directions4 ,9 ! next place y mu/ pa/e bo? pap] & bo>d all ov] ?or\ghly4 ,bru% "s pa/e ^u y\r lb =m] 7! "o us$ = mak+ rocket-cases1 :i* is ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet]71 & !n roll on y\r pap] & bo>d 9 ! mann] describ$ at p4 #gg4 ,especial c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! inn]mo/ end ( ! /rip ( pap] 7t :i* lies next to ! =m]7 is s ?or\ghly saturat$ ) pa/e t x _c become sep>at$ or loose4 ,if ?is precaution be n tak51 "s ( ! composition w1 9 ! process ( fill+1 drift beh9d x--w =m a quick-mat*1 z x 71 inside y\r case1 & w infallibly cause ! t\rbillon ov] :i* y h o!rwise tak5 s mu* pa9s to vani% 9 a neat %>p report1 & y w discov] to y\r annoyance t 9 ! place ( a t\rbillon y h only made an inf]ior k9d ( m>roon4 ,well1 y\r cases are n[ made1 & are eight in*es 9 l5g?1 & ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 _! bore4 ,_! ext]nal diamet] w be f\nd to be ab\t "o in* & an eigh?4 ,we mu/ next speak ( ! composition prop] = fill+ t\rbillons4 ,= ?is purpose ,i employ ! foll[+ =mul1 :i* ,i ?9k w be f\nd to answ] well3-- ,no4 #a4 ,,= ,,pla9 ,,t\rbillons4 ,nitre #h p>ts4 ,meal-p[d] #af ,sulphur #d ,*>coal #d ,! *>coal t ,i use 9 mak+ up ?is =mula is ! same t ,i recomm5d$ = rocket purposes--t is1 x %\ld be p>tly f9e & p>tly co>se4 ,if ! above composition be f\nd too /rong1 m *>coal may be add$ until ! desir$ /r5g? be ga9$4 ,no4 #b4 ,,= ,,brilliant ,,t\rbillons4 ,meal-p[d] #af p>ts4 ,nitre #h ,sulphur #c to #d ,*>coal 7f9e7 #c ,/eel fil+s #f ,! effect produc$ by ?is composition is v good inde$1 & 9 my h&s leaves no?+ to be desir$4 ,x is advisable n to fill ! cases ) composition ,no4 #b long] ?an necess>y be=e use1 z ! /eel is sure to become corrod$ to "s ext5t1 & !n mu* ( ! brilliancy ( ! sp>ks is lo/4 ,"s pyrote*ni/s use iron bor+s in/ead ( /eel fil+s = t\rbillons4 ,i _c say t ,i h ev] succe$$ well ) !m4 ,iron p>ticles w n "w well 9 rapidly-revolv+ pieces1 z f> z my exp]i5ce goes4 ,!y seem to me to become *ill$ too soon by _! motion ?r\gh ! air1 & produce h>dly any sc9tillation4 ,i1 !re=e1 always use /eel fil+s = all fireworks :i* are int5d$ to revolve1 & employ iron only 9 ^? t are /ation>y4 ,n[1 hav+ prep>$ y\r composition1 y w be ready to ram x into y\r cases4 ,= ?is purpose y w require a simple piece ( app>atus1 :i* ,mr4 ,newman w make = y at a small co/4 ,y w f9d a draw+ ( x on my page ( illu/rations 7fig4 #hc74 ,x consi/s ( a block ( wood provid$ ) a 8settle10 on :i* "o end ( ! t\rbillon case is plac$1 & ov] :i* ! composition is ramm$4 ,!n !re is a wood5 m\ld capable ( inclos+ ! case & support+ x tightly & firmly :ile ! op]ation ( ramm+ is be+ p]=m$4 ,?is m\ld consi/s ( a holl[ cyl9d] ( wood pi]c$ ?r\gh\t1 & ( su* a size 9 its bore z w j admit ! t\rbillon case4 ,! m\ld is divid$ longitud9ally 9 halves1 & ^! halves are kept toge!r by means ( iron r+s1 :i* encircle ! :ole4 ,y w f9d a full description giv5 ) ! draw+4 ,9 ord] to fill ! cases1 squeeze "o end ( "o ( !m ov] ! project+ piece at ! top ( ! settle4 ,!n fit on ! two halves ( ! cyl9drical m\ld1 & drive d[n ! iron r+s until !y are tight4 ,! ext]ior ( ! cyl9d] is made to tap]1 9 ord] t ! r+s may always fit tightly ov] x4 ,&1 la/ly1 put 9 ! p9 :i* secures ! cyl9d] to ! block & settle4 ,y w n[ require a /raight wood5 drift1 eight in*es long 7indep5d5tly ( its h&le71 & ne>ly ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* 9 diamet]--"o1 9 fact1 t w pass easily into y\r t\rbillon case4 ,! tools y h already--viz41 a scoop = ! composition1 a mallet1 & ! %ort solid drift :i* y us$ = driv+ 9 ! clay ov] ! composition 9 y\r qu>t]-p\nd rockets4 ,fir/ put into y\r t\rbillon case z mu* clay z w1 :5 ramm$ v h>d1 occupy ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* 9 ! l5g? ( ! case4 ,! settle projects into ! case ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in*1 & ?us half-an-in* at ea* end ( ! case is left = ! purpose ( insur+ a v firm end+1 :i* _c be bl[n out by ! combu/ion ( ! composition4 ,:5 ! clay has be5 ramm$ 9 z tightly z possible1 drive 9 ! composition1 a ladleful at a "t1 z uni=mly z y c1 until y h only half-an-in* at ! upp] end ( ! case unoccupi$ by x4 ,into ?is vacant space drive ! same quantity ( clay t y put into ! l[] end1 & be sure t x is ramm$ 9 v firmly inde$4 ,! ramm+ ( y\r t\rbillon is n[ complet$1 b ! mo/ important "p ( its manufacture has yet to come4 ,op5 y\r p5knife1 & lay its blade on ! table1 back d[nw>ds & edge upw>ds4 ,place y\r fill$ t\rbillon case across ! edge ( ! knife1 & f9d ! exact c5tral po9t at :i* x balances on x1 & m>k t po9t by mak+ a hole !re ) a small bradawl4 ,n[1 hav+ f\nd ! c5tre ( its balance1 y h next to m>k ! places at :i* ! holes are to be made1 & by f> ! be/ way to save y\rself tr\ble 9 ?is respect1 & to insure ! prop] m>k+ out ( all y\r t\rbillons1 is to foll[ my plan1 :i* ,i am n[ ab\t to describe4 ,at fig4 #hf ,i h drawn out = y a %ape :i* y mu/ get copi$ exactly 9 t9 or z9c %eet4 ,?is piece ( %eet metal1 :5 b5t into ! =m ( a tr\gh ( su* a size z to fit tightly r\nd y\r t\rbillon case1 w give y ! true position ( ! holes4 ,9 us+ x y w h to put ! fill$ t\rbillon case into x1 & make p5cil m>ks ?r\gh ! holes t correspond to ^? drawn 9 my sket*1 & y w !n h got ov] ! entire difficulty4 ,9 ! middle ( ! scale :i* ,i h drawn is "o small hole m>k$ ,h4 ,?is hole is to come exactly ov] ! m>k :i* y made ) y\r bradawl at ! balanc+ po9t1 & if ?is be done all ! re/ mu/ come "r4 ,hav+ ?us m>k$ ! position ( ! holes1 ! next ?+ is to bore !m4 ,!y %\ld be z ne>ly z possible ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 size4 ,i use a l>ge bradawl = bor+ ! holes1 & x is bett] to drive x into ! case ) a mallet ?an to "w x 9 ) ! h&4 ,x mu/ n be driv5 9 f>!r ?an necess>y1 ! object be+ m]ely to make a cle> hole ?r\gh ! case1 & n to di/urb ! composition4 ,if y drive 9 ! bradawl ) y\r mallet y w require a small block ( wood ) a groove cut 9 x1 9 :i* y c lay ! case :ile mak+ ! holes4 ,i h giv5 y a sket* ( su* a block at fig4 #hb4 ,if x is two in*es squ>e or r m x w be q l>ge en\gh4 ,y w f9d ! block v useful aft]w>ds 9 atta*+ ! /ick to ! t\rbillon4 ,! plan t ,i h giv5 = ! t9 or z9c t\rbillon scale1 z ,i %all call x1 is drawn out qu>t] size1 & ! dim5sions1 m>k$1 s t no t9man c h any difficulty 9 copy+ x accurately4 ,y\r t\rbillon case is #h in*es 9 l5g?4 ,half-an-in* at ea* end is tak5 up by ! clay end+s1 s t y h sev5 in*es ( composition 9 ! case4 ,! two extreme holes1 :i* are on opposite sides ( ! case1 are made at ! ends ( ! composition4 ,! fire issu+ f ^! gives ! t\rbillon a horizontal revolution r\nd its c5tre ( balance4 ,! two inn] holes1 :i* are on ! "u side ( ! case1 %\ld be ! same di/ance f "o ano!r t !y are f ! extreme holes4 ,! fire issu+ f ^! gives ! t\rbillon its asc5d+ p[]4 ,b we h n[ to connect all ^! holes ) quick-mat*1 9 ord] t ! composition may take fire at all ! f\r po9ts simultane\sly4 ,to d ?is1 beg9 at "o ( ! "u holes 7^? m>k$ ,f 9 ! scale71 & press into x ! end ( a piece ( uncas$ quick-mat*1 tak+ c>e t ! mat* rea*es ! composition4 ,!n c>ry ! mat* on to ! ne>e/ side hole1 & press x into x4 ,!n c>ry on ! quick-mat* ov] ! upp] side ( ! t\rbillon to ! side hole at ! o!r end ( ! case1 & press x 9 !re2 &1 la/ly1 c>ry x on to ! rema9+ "u hole1 & press x into x4 ,hav+ complet$ ?is op]ation1 cut "s /rips ( ?9 pap]1 ab\t an in* wide1 pa/e !m well all ov]1 & cov] ! quick-mat* ) !m1 holes & all4 ,a v little practice w enable y to adapt ?is pa/$ pap] v neatly4 ,! t\rbillon1 if n[ ignit$1 w be sure to g some:]e1 b probably n 9 ! direction :i* we %\ld l x to take4 ,9 ord] to regulate its flight we mu/ d z we did ) ! rockets1 adju/ a /ick to x1 :i* %all h ! effect ( keep+ its "u side d[nw>ds1 & s ( compell+ x to move upw>ds p]p5dicul>ly1 if at all4 ,?is /ick is usually made ( a curv$ %ape 9 ! mann] repres5t$ at ,i ,i1 9 fig4 #hf4 ,^? t ,i use ,i get f ,mr4 ,d>by2 !y are eight in*es long1 ab\t an eigh? ( an in* ?ick1 & are made ( bee*4 ,!re is a small hole 9 _! c5tre ?r\gh :i* a flat-head$ nail is driv5 into ! t\rbillon at its balance po9t1 :i* y m>k$ ) y\r bradawl4 ,! /ick mu/1 ( c\rse1 lie at "r angles ) ! case 9 ! mann] repres5t$ at fig4 #hd4 ,x is a v good plan to put a drop or two ( glue at ! po9t :]e ! /ick t\*es ! case1 z x w !n be prev5t$ f %ift+ its position4 ,9 driv+ ! nail ?r\gh ! /ick into ! t\rbillon1 make use ( ! block repres5t$ at fig4 #hb1 hav+ previ\sly cut at ! bottom ( its r\nd$ groove ano!r small groove diagonally1 s t :5 ! t\rbillon is ly+ upside d[n 9 ! l>ge groove1 = ! purpose ( hav+ ! nail driv5 into x1 ! quick-mat* t ext5ds across x may lie 9 ! small] groove1 & may n be injur$ by be+ cru%$1 z w\ld o!rwise be ! case4 ,! nails us$ %\ld be ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* long1 & %\ld h a smoo?1 flat head4 ,to fire ! t\rbillon1 place x /ick d[nw>ds on a level bo>d1 & see t x sp9s easily & freely on ! head ( ! nail4 ,!n ) a portfire burn ?r\gh ! quick-mat* 9 ! middle on ! upp] side4 ,! t\rbillon w make a few revolutions on ! bo>d be=e x beg9s to rise4 ,i h kn[n sev]al t\rbillons fail1 :5 ,i _h reason to believe t !re 0 no?+ faulty 9 _! make4 ,!y all behav$ 9 ! same unacc\ntable mann]1 jump+ (f ! bo>d & fall+ bottom upw>ds ^u ! gr\nd4 ,( c\rse1 aft] ?is freak !y c\ld n "r !mselves4 ,!y appe>$ to s9k into a k9d ( blu/]+1 sulky fit1 & :5 exhau/$ w5t out4 ,"s "t elaps$ be=e ,i c\ld assign any satisfactory cause = ?is rem>kable behavi\r1 b at la/ ,i began to suspect ! bo>d on :i* ! t\rbillons 7 plac$ to fire !m4 ,x occurr$ to me t !re 0 n room en\gh = ! ru% ( fire f ! "u holes betwe5 ! t\rbillon & ! bo>d1 t z soon z ! fire _h be5 convey$ to ^! "u holes ! =ce g5]at$ !n & !re 0 suffici5t to ?r[ ! t\rbillon ov] on its back1 & ?us effectually to prev5t any fur!r p]=mance4 ,n[ ?is 0 by no means satisfactory1 = if !re is any s+le firework :i* requires c>e1 exactness1 & att5tion 9 its prep>ation1 x is ! t\rbillon4 ,i h (t5 felt t ,i w\ld mu* r h a rocket ?an a t\rbillon1 = 9 ! fir/ place ! latt] takes mu* long] to make1 & "o feels t "o %\ld h "s remun]ation = "o's tr\ble2 & 9 ! next place a good t\rbillon1 ?\gh x is a species ( firework n by any means s necess>y to an exhibition z ! rocket1 is /ill "o capable ( produc+ a v unique & gr& effect4 ,i began to suspect t ! bo>d 0 ! cause ( my failure1 & aft] a little consid]ation ,i came to ! conclusions "h enum]at$3-- #a/4 ,t a bo>d ( prop] size1 %ape1 & level 0 a ?+ n always to be f\nd :5 "o want$ x1 p>ticul>ly if away f home4 #bnd4 ,t x 0 a v lumb]+ piece ( luggage to c>ry ) "o :5 ab\t to take an exhibition to a di/ance4 #crd4 ,t1 if w>p$ by damp1 or put out ( its level 9 any way1 x w\ld be r worse ?an useless4 #d?4 ,t some?+ bett] might be contriv$4 ,:e!r ,i 0 "r 9 blam+ ! poor bo>d ,i d n "k2 b "o ?+ is c]ta9--t ,i h nev]1 s9ce ! adoption ( my new plan1 _h any failures at all ) t\rbillons4 ,i want$ some?+ f :i* to fire ! t\rbillon :i* w\ld leave x no excuse = turn+ on its back1 :i* w\ld be small & portable1 & always ready = use4 ,i fir/ made a brass cross ( ! %ape & size indicat$ 9 fig4 #hg4 ,9 ! ends ( ! arms ,i drill$ holes1 into :i* ,i sold]$ pieces ( /\t brass wire ab\t two in*es & a-half long4 ,?us a sort ( cradle 0 =m$ l t :i* is repres5t$ at fig4 #he 9 ! plate4 ,! next ?+ to be done 0 to enable ! cradle to revolve v easily4 ,to d ?is ,i sold]$ on to ! c5tre ( ! "u side ( ! cross a piece ( brass rod ( ! size g5]ally us$ = /air-rods4 ,?is piece 0 ab\t six in*es 9 l5g?1 & 0 fil$ at its l[] extremity to a po9t on :i* x might revolve4 ,i ?us _h made a ?+ l t 9 fig4 #hh4 ,n[ all t ,i _h to d 0 to get a piece ( glass tub+1 into :i* my piece ( rod at a a w\ld fit easily1 & 9 :i* x w\ld turn freely4 ,?is ,i did1 & procur$ also a piece ( iron rod half-an-in* 9 diamet] & ab\t eighte5 in*es long4 ,i _h ?is =g$ into a k9d ( spike po9t at its l[] end1 & fil$ at its o!r end1 to pass ab\t an in* into ! brass tube1 & !n ,i _h ! tube & iron spike sold]$ toge!r4 ,?is iron spike ,i press into ! gr\nd1 tak+ c>e t x is upright1 & !n drop ! brass rod :i* is sold]$ to ! cradle into ! brass tube at ! top ( ! spike4 ,! cradle w be f\nd to revolve freely4 ,9 x ,i lay ! t\rbillon1 ) its /ick d[nw>ds4 ,:5 x is fir$ ! holes at its sides are fir/ ignit$1 & s its horizontal revolutions beg9 be=e any asc5d+ p[] is giv5 to x4 ,! cradle ( c\rse revolves ) x1 &1 if prop]ly made1 c (f] no ob/ruction ( any k9d to its free play4 ,b z soon z ! fire is communicat$ to ! l[] holes1 ! =ce !re develop$ w lift ! t\rbillon out ( ! cradle1 & w s5d x on its upw>d flight4 ,my description ( ?is little piece ( app>atus may1 p]haps1 incl9e my read]s to imag9e t its manufacture is difficult4 ,i c only assure !m t x is n s1 & t1 if !y w only give x a trial1 !y w be conv9c$ ( ! advantages :i* x possesses ov] ! old plan ( ! bo>d4 ,probably "s modification ( its pr9ciple w occur to y :i* may r5d] x /ill m easy to be made4 ,! means at y\r own comm& are1 aft] all1 ! be/ ref]ees z to :i* is ! %orte/ & readie/ me?od ( c>ry+ out any plan4 ,i h giv5 y ! me?od by :i* ,i obviat$ ! difficulty t met me4 ,i ne$ only add t if y use ! bo>d ,i hope t y\r t\rbillons w n disappo9t y z m9e did me4 ,_m p]sons make six holes 9 _! t\rbillons--f\r on ! "u side1 & "o at ea* end or opposite side4 ,= my own "p1 ,i nev] c\ld see ! advantage ( ?is plan4 ,i h tri$ x & succe$$ ) x1 b ! effect has be5 always to conv9ce me m firmly ( ! sup]iority ( ! f\r-hole sy/em4 ,i "k "o or two v successful pyrote*ni/s ^: exp]im5ts h l$ !m to ! same conclusion4 ,x is possible to ram t\rbillons )\t a cyl9drical m\ld1 b x is nei!r advisable nor conv5i5t4 ,! cases require "s v sub/antial support :ile !y are be+ fill$1 = ! composition _c easily be driv5 too h>d4 ,! cyl9drical m\ld _c be an exp5sive app>atus if made z ,i h sugge/$4 ,mr4 ,newman has su* facilities = bor+ blocks ( wood & turn+ !m1 t ,i /rongly recomm5d y to get him to make y "o1 z x w consid]ably light5 ! tr\ble ( prep>+ t\rbillons1 besides giv+ !m1 :5 prep>$1 a mu* bett] *ance ( success4 ,i beg "h to give my read]s ! size ( #gj-lb4 pap] & imp]ial bo>d1 t !re may be no difficulty 9 kn[+ :at to pur*ase4 ,! %eets ( #gj-lb4 br[n pap] & imp]ial bo>d are ( precisely ! same size1 :i* is #bb #bi in*es4 ,i mu/ conclude ! subject ( t\rbillons ) "o h9t4 ,! p]son :o fires a t\rbillon ) a portfire w g5]ally fail to get a good view ( its p]=mance4 ,! plan t ,i commonly adopt is to cut an in* ( quick-mat* & twi/ "s t\*-pap] r\nd "o end ( x1 & lay ! o!r end next to ! mat* on ! t\rbillon at ! po9t r 9 fig4 #hd1 pa/+ a piece ( ?9 pap] ov] x to secure x1 & leav+ its o!r end free1 ) ! t\*-pap] r\nd x4 ,,col\r$ ,,fires4 #eb4 ,col\r$ fires1 su* z are employ$ = illum9at+ g>d5s1 %rubb]ies1 av5ues1 build+s1 c41 w n[ occupy our att5tion4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ij4--;,=m] = ,col\r$ ,fire ,cases4 ,fig4 #ia4--;,iron ,=k to support ,col\r$ ,fires :ile burn+4 ,?is species ( firework is ( v simple con/ruction1 & requires only an ord9>y am\nt ( c>e 9 ord] to insure its success4 ,& x is v =tunate t s necess>y an item 9 ! programme ( a pyrote*nic display is "o :i* c be reli$ ^u = produc+ s beautiful & surpris+ an effect4 ,i h kn[n spectators m pleas$ ) ! col\r$ fires 9 an exhibition ?an ) any o!r ( its features2 & ,i am conv9c$1 t by a well-contriv$ introduction & arrangem5t ( !m1 results may be produc$ at lea/ z effective & satisfactory z by any comb9ation ( a mu* m elaborate "*4 ,b be=e ent]+ ^u ! description ( _! manufacture1 x w be necess>y = me to rem9d y ( "s in=mation t ,i h already giv5 9 ! portion devot$ to col\r$ />s1 9 ord] t y may be induc$ n to prep>e y\r col\rs = an exhibition until y "k :at y are go+ to prep>e !m =--t is1 :at sort ( a place !y are requir$ to light up4 ,:at ,i h be=e said "u ! head ( ,col\r$ ,/>s ) reg>d to ! illum9at+ or reflective prop]ties ( ?is or t composition1 mu/ m ?an ev] be borne 9 m9d 9 ! matt] ( col\r$ fires4 ,!re are two k9ds ( fires us$ 9 pyrote*ny--"o burn+ ) a consid]able dep? & ri*ness ( t9t1 b possess+ a v mod]ate illum9at+ p[]1 ! o!r hav+ great brilliancy & reflective p[]1 b n ! same dep? ( col\r4 ,n[ ) ?is pla9 di/9ction be=e u1 !re w be no difficulty 9 select+ su* composition z w produce ! desir$ effect4 ,y h simply to make up y\r m9d be=eh& :e!r y require a col\r ( consid]able int5sity1 :i* y may gaze at :ile x burns1 or "o ^: beauty w be se5 to advantage1 n 9 itself1 b 9 its reflection ^u ^? objects :i* are )9 rea* ( its illum9ation4 ,! =mulas :i* ,i %all give w be *>act]is$ z 8reflective10 or 8int5se 9 col\r10 & if !y are only made up ) pure1 dry1 & f9e +r$i5ts1 w1 ,i am sure1 give z good results z ne$ be desir$4 ,9 ! fir/ place ! prep>ation ( ! cases is to be consid]$4 ,) reg>d to ^! x mu/ be rememb]$ t !y are requir$ to burn ) ! composition1 & mu/ n be made too ?ick or h>d on t acc\nt4 ,! ?ick] !y are1 ! m w _! consumption int]f]e ) ! burn+ (1 & impair ! col\r produc$ by1 ! composition4 ,a %eet ( #fjlb4 or #gj-lb4 br[n pap] cut up into n9e /rips 9 ! mann] repres5t$ at fig4 #hi w furni% y "s v good cases = ! purpose4 ,ea* ( ^! /rips w be a little ov] ?ree in*es 9 wid?1 :i*1 9 my op9ion1 is q suffici5t4 ,! =m] = ^! cases is made ( wood1 & %\ld be f an in* & a-half to an in* & ?ree-qu>t]s 9 diamet]1 & ab\t f\r in*es long1 irrespectively ( its h&le4 ,! drift = fill+ ! cases may be ( ! same l5g?1 & "o-sixte5? ( an in* small] 9 diamet]1 s z to admit ( its pass+ easily 9 & out ( ! case4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #hi4 ,! difficulty t ,i h always exp]i5c$ ) reg>d to ^! cases has be5 ?is--!y mu/ be made ( a c]ta9 ?ickness1 9 ord] t !y may n be brok5 dur+ ! process ( ramm+ 9 ! composition4 ,?is process is1 ,i believe1 indisp5sable4 ,at all ev5ts1 ,i f9d x s1 = if ! composition be only press$ 9 loosely1 & n ramm$1 x w fall to ! gr\nd 9 burn+ lumps1 in/ead ( burn+ sl[ly & ev5ly 9 & ) its case2 & if ! cases be made unnecess>ily ?ick1 ei!r ! composition w n burn freely en\gh1 or its col\r w be impair$ 7& ?is w be p>ticul>ly ! case ) reg>d to gre5 fires71 or1 :at is m probable /ill1 bo? ^! calamities w happ5 at once1 & r5d] y\r production d\bly ineffective4 ,n[ my plan = obviat+ ! difficulty has be5 to increase ! diamet] ( ! cases1 & !reby to ga9 a great] body ( composition 9 proportion to _! ?ickness4 ,?is plan ,i h f\nd to answ] v well1 & s ,i c consci5ti\sly recomm5d x to y4 ,take1 !n1 "o ( ! /rips ( pap]1 cut z recomm5d$ above1 &1 pa/+ x all ov] on "o side1 roll x ev5ly r\nd y\r =m]1 hav+ previ\sly bru%$ a little pa/e ov] ! =m] to prev5t ! pap] /ick+ to x4 ,hav+ roll$ ! /rip up ev5ly & smoo?ly1 take x (f f ! =m]1 & set x by to dry4 ,x w readily be p]ceiv$ t ^! cases are among ! easie/ to make4 ,& n[ we may pass on to ! important subject ( ! compositions ) :i* ^! cases are to be fill$4 ,! fir/ ( ^! is kn[n z !3-- ,,common ,,b5gal ,,light4 #ec4 ,x has a blui%-:ite col\r1 & is call$ by "s pyrote*ni/s 8,artificial ,moonlight40 ,its composition is3-- ,no4 #a4 ,nitre #ab p>ts4 ,sulphur #d ,antimony #a "p4 ,orpim5t or realg> may be sub/itut$ = ! antimony1 9 :i* case !re w be less smoke4 ,! above is ! commone/ sort ( ,b5gal light4 ,x gives a pretty effect1 b has no great illum9at+ p[]4 #ed4 ,,:ite ,,fire4 ,,:ite ,,fire4 ,no4 #b4 ,nitre #cb p>ts4 ,sulphur #h ,regulus ( antimony #ab ,r$ lead #aa ,?is is a ,fr5* composition1 introduc$ by ,*]ti]1 & is rem>kable = its :it5ess4 ,x w be f\nd a v useful composition1 possess+ a fair reflective p[]4 ,,:ite ,,fire4 ,no4 #c4 ,nitre #bd p>ts4 ,sulphur #g ,realg> #b to #c ,antimony #a "p4 ,?is ,i always f9d ! mo/ s]viceable composition on ! :ole4 ,x does n possess ! int5se :it5ess ( ,no4 #b1 b has a slight t9t ( blue2 & ?is diff]5ce alone w\ld ga9 x ! pref]5ce 9 my judgm5t4 ,b x has also a great] illum9at+ p[]1 & is decid$ly ! be/ composition t ,i h yet be5 able to f9d4 ,! r$ lead recomm5d$ 9 composition ,no4 #b c be pur*as$ 9 f9e p[d]1 ready = use1 at any pa9t]'s or *emi/'s %op4 ,,yell[ ,,fire4 #ee4 ,we may n[ proce$ to ! =mula =-- ,,yell[ ,,fire4 ,no4 #d4 ,nitrate ( b>yta #cf p>ts4 ,oxalate ( soda #f ,sulphur #c ,%ellac #e ,?is composition produces a good col\r & has a mod]ate reflective p[]4 ,its pr9cipal m]it lies 9 ! fact t x w keep good = any l5g? ( "t aft] x is mix$1 & c be made ) samples ( nitrate ( b>yta :i* w n produce a good gre54 ,,yell[ ,,fire4 ,no4 #e4 ,nitrate ( soda #dh p>ts4 ,sulphur #af ,antimony #d ,*>coal 7f9e7 #a "p4 ,?is is decid$ly ! be/ =mula = yell[ fires1 z f> z effect is conc]n$4 ,b ! nitrate ( soda is s highly deliquesc5t t ! composition mu/ on no acc\nt be made up long] be=e use ?an is absolutely necess>y4 ,yell[ fires are n mu* us$ 9 pyrote*nic exhibitions4 ,i suppose ?is is to be acc\nt$ = by ! extraord9>y p[] t !y possess ( giv+ to all objects1 especially ! human face1 a gha/ly & dea?-l appe>ance1 any?+ b agreeable to behold4 ,i h no d\bt1 h[ev]1 t "s ( my y\ng] read]s1 kn[+ ?is1 w set a high] value ^u ! =mulas = yell[ fire1 = ! fun ( %[+ (f ! spectators ( _! exhibitions to ! greate/ possible disadvantage4 ,especial notice %\ld be tak5 ( ! complete annihilation ( col\r 9 fl[]s1 dresses1 c41 by ?is yell[ light4 ,! effect is1 ( c\rse1 v simil> to t produc$ by ! burn+ ( spirits ( w9e or nap?a hold+ salt 9 solution4 ,?is latt] is kn[n z ! mono*romatic light2 t is1 a light 9 :i* only "o ( ! col\rs ( ! spectrum is %[n4 ,al?\gh ,i d n rememb] ev] hav+ se5 a yell[ fire us$ 9 any l>ge exhibition ( fireworks1 ,i h giv5 ! above =mulas 9 ord] to r5d] my pap] ^u ! subject z complete z possible4 ,! next col\r ) :i* we %all deal w be ! ,,gre5 ,,fire4 #ef4 ,= ?is col\r ,i %all give ?ree =mulas1 all ( :i* ,i h f\nd good1 not)/&+ ! univ]sally ackn[l$g$ difficulty ( obta9+ a real gre5 col\r4 ,?is difficulty has aris51 ,i believe1 solely f ! imp]fections & impurities 9 ! nitrate ( b>yta :i* f9ds its way into ! m>ket4 ,?is salt %\ld be prep>$ f ! sulphate ( b>yta1 & n f ! c>bonate2 & ,i ?9k ,i am "r 9 /at+ t x is f> m g5]ally prep>$ f ! c>bonate ?an f ! sulphate4 ,:5 ?is is ! case y ei!r get a v dec5t yell[ col\r f ! sample1 or y get a salt :i* burns ab\t z gre5 z a v bad specim5 ( nitre w burn4 ,my read]s w readily und]/& t nitre ought n to be s gre5 z to admit ( ?is4 ,& n[1 be=e giv+ ! =mulas1 x only rema9s = me to say t if y h b a really good sample ( dry nitrate ( b>yta 9 f9e p[d]1 y ought to be able to make f ! foll[+ receipts a gre5 fire :i* w answ] any purpose3-- ,,gre5 ,,fire4 ,no4 #f4 ,nitrate ( b>yta #de p>ts4 ,*lorate ( pota% #aj ,sulphur #aj ,antimony 7sulphide7 #a "p4 ,! above =mula gives a pure b pale gre54 ,x has a mo/ int5se illum9at+ p[]1 & = ?is cause is v valuable4 ,! addition ( a little nitrate ( b>yta w r5d] ! composition m int5se 9 col\r1 b w detract f its rapidity ( combu/ion1 & !re=e f its illum9ative p[]4 ,no4 #g4 ,nitrate ( b>yta #gg p>ts4 ,*lorate ( pota% #e ,sulphur #ab ,*>coal #b ,orpim5t or realg> #b ,%ellac #b ,composition ,no4 #g is a v old "o1 slightly alt]$ to make x burn m freely4 ,x gives a m int5sely gre5 col\r ?an ,no4 #f1 b has n ! same advantage ) reg>d to its illum9ative prop]ties4 ,x is1 h[ev]1 a v s]viceable & inexp5sive receipt to employ4 ,we n[ come to ! be/ ( all ! =mulas = gre5 fire t ,i h be5 able to meet )1 & "o :i* has ?or\ghly satisfi$ me4 ,x is almo/ ! same z t recomm5d$ by ,*]ti]1 ! diff]5ce consi/+ 9 a slight decrease 9 ! quantity ( calomel1 :i* enables ! composition to burn r m freely & adds to its reflective p[]4 ,i h se5 a real em]ald gre5 produc$ by ?is composition :5 good nitrate ( b>yta has be5 us$1 b 9 ?is1 z 9 ! case ( all o!r gre5 fires1 if y d n succe$ y may g5]ally fa/5 y\r suspicions ^u ! nitrate ( b>yta4 ,no4 #h4 ,nitrate ( b>yta #dj p>ts4 ,*lorate ( pota% #d ,sulphur #h ,calomel #h ,*>coal 7f9e7 #b ,%ellac #a "p4 ,i d n ?9k t any bett] =mula ?an ?is c be ne$$4 ,x c>ries ) x a bett] comb9ation ( int5sity ( col\r ) int5sity ( illum9at+ p[] ?an any col\r$ fire composition t ,i am acqua9t$ )4 ,,purple ,,fire4 #eg4 ,i h next a =mula to (f] :i* ,i ?9k has consid]able m]its ( its own4 ,x produces a purple col\r ( a v pleas+ t9t1 & has also v consid]able illum9at+ p[]4 ,i h nev] se5 a col\r ( ?is k9d employ$ 9 any pyrote*nic exhibition1 b ,i believe x to be an effective composition1 & "o c]ta9ly t w make a *ange f ! ord9>y r\t9e ( :ite1 gre51 & r$4 ,i %all dignify x by ! title (-- ,,purple ,,fire4 ,no4 #i4 ,nitre #dh p>ts4 ,sulphide ( copp] #ab ,sulphur #ab ,calomel #f ,ars5ic #f ,nitrate ( /rontia #f ,*lorate ( pota% #d ,%ellac #d ,*>coal 7f9e7 #a "p4 ,i tru/ t my read]s w n be al>m$ at ! numb] ( +r$i5ts 9 ! above =mula4 ,i c only promise !m t ! col\r produc$ is an extraord9>y "o1 & _c be produc$ by ord9>y means4 ,y w obs]ve t ,i h recomm5d$ #ab p>ts ( sulphide ( copp]4 ,?is mu/ be ! fus$ sulphide4 ,or y may sub/itute = x equal p>ts ( ,*]ti]'s copp] & sulphide ( copp]1 or equal p>ts ( ,*]ti]'s1 or ( sulphide ( copp] & f9e black oxide ( copp]4 ,! ars5ic employ$ 9 ! =mula may be ei!r orpim5t or realg>1 b by f> ! be/ prep>ation ( ars5ic = ?is purpose is ! f9ely p[d]$ metallic ars5ic4 ,=mula ,no4 #i is "o ( my own introduction4 ,x possesses ! advantages ( be+ p]fectly safe1 deep-t9t$1 & decid$ly illum9ative4 ,b ,i d n pret5d to say t x c ev] be admir$ to ! same ext5t ) ! r$ & ! gre5 fires4 ,^! latt] w always take ! prec$5ce1 = _! effect at night is s ?or\ghly !atrical & surpris+ t no o!r col\r1 h[ev] beautiful or extraord9>y1 c hope to sup]s$e !m4 ,i 0 once ask$ by a lady to make a br[n-col\r$ flame4 ,! idea 0 s ri* 9 !ory t ,i nev] attempt$ to dissolve its *>m by any failures 9 exp]im5tal practice4 ,b _h ,i succe$$ to ! utmo/ ) ?is br[n fire1 no illum9at+ prop]ties c\ld ev] h be5 obta9$4 ,"o might z well h expect$ a good effect f a black /> or a neutral t9t$ sun4 ,,r$ ,,fire4 #eh4 ,we come n[ to ! mo/ tell+ col\r ( all--! r$1 or crimson z x is usually call$4 ,9 ! prep>ation ( ! gre5 fires ! purity ( ! nitrate ( b>yta is ! mo/ important consid]ation4 ,9 t ( ! r$ fires ! dryness ( ! /rontia is ! ma9 po9t4 ,?is is mo/ especially to be borne 9 m9d1 z success or failure dep5ds ^u x4 ,a really good r$-col\r$ fire is (t5 ! mak+ ( an exhibition or its r$eem+ po9t1 b 9 any case x is a mo/ important feature1 & on t acc\nt is wor? ! exp5diture ( any tr\ble on its prep>ation4 ,i %all give sev]al =mulas = r$ fires1 ea* hav+ its own *>act]i/ic prop]ties4 ,y w h b to det]m9e ! p>ticul> description ( fire t is necess>y1 & ,i ?9k y w f9d all t y ne$ among ! foll[+ compositions3-- ,,r$ ,,fire4 ,no4 #aj4 ,nitrate ( /rontia #bj p>ts4 ,*lorate ( pota% #c ,sulphur #e ,antimony #b ,*>coal 7f9e7 #a "p4 ,?is =mula gives r a deep rose-col\r$ flame1 & has a mo/ int5se illum9at+ p[]4 ,b ! composition is "o on :i* ! non-dryness ( ! nitrate ( /rontia has ! mo/ disa/r\s effects4 ,x is1 :5 prop]ly prep>$1 a v useful composition = illum9at+ build+s1 c41 c4 ,! next is a sl[] composition1 hav+ decid$ly m int5sity ( col\r4 ,x is a rem>kably good composition1 hav+ consid]able dep? ( t9t1 & a v fair am\nt ( reflective p[]4 ,its proportions are ^!3-- ,no4 #aa4 ,nitrate ( /rontia #fd p>ts4 ,*lorate ( pota% #d ,*>coal 7f9e7 #e ,sulphur #bd ,! next =mula is "o ( v sl[ combu/ion1 b ( ! greate/ dep? ( col\r4 ,x has b a small illum9at+ p[]1 & c !re=e be employ$ only = c]ta9 purposes4 ,no4 #ab4 ,nitrate ( /rontia #dh p>ts4 ,*lorate ( pota% #d ,sulphur #ab ,calomel #h ,*]ti]'s copp] #b ,*>coal 7f9e7 #a "p4 ,?is composition1 burns s sl[ly t if x be v mu* compress$1 or its case be at all ?ick1 mu* ( its effect is lo/4 ,i %\ld !re=e recomm5d t x be laid 9 a heap ^u a tile 9 ord] to be fir$4 ,its beauty w !n be se5 to ! greate/ advantage4 ,! foll[+ composition = r$ fire is ! "o :i* ,i h always f\nd ! mo/ g5]ally useful3-- ,no4 #ac4 ,nitrate ( /rontia #gj p>ts4 ,*lorate ( pota% #f ,sulphur #bd ,*>coal 7f9e7 #b ,%ellac #b ,?is composition1 :5 employ$ 9 a case #a in* 9 diamet]1 produces a magnific5t effect1 & is at ! same "t a v economical composition to make up4 ,its combu/ion does n appe> rapid1 & yet !re seems to be no lack ( illum9at+ p[] comb9$ ) int5sity ( col\r4 ,x is1 ( all ! compositions :i* ,i give1 ! "o be/ adapt$ = ! use ( "y aspir+ pyrote*ni/s1 z v c]ta9 9 its results1 v inexp5sive1 & v easy to prep>e4 ,?us we are br\ght to ! close ( our li/ ( compositions = ,col\r$ ,b5gal ,fires4 ,i tru/ t ?is li/ w be f\nd to conta9 all t y require1 & conta9 x1 too1 9 v>iety & abundance4 ,b we h /ill to consid] h[ ^! compositions are to be encas$ & fir$4 ,,col\r$ ,,fires 7,to ,encase74 #ei4 ,! cases1 made z direct$ above1 ,i w n[ suppose to be dry & ready = use4 ,y\r drift1 ) :i* ! composition is to be compress$ into ! cases1 is "o-sixte5? ( an in* small] 9 diamet] ?an y\r =m]4 ,x w !re=e pass easily )9 ! cases :i* 7 made ^u 8! =m]40 ,n[ cut "s pieces ( newspap]1 or ?9 br[n pap]1 into squ>es or circles ab\t #c in*es 9 diamet]4 ,place ! flat end ( y\r drift 9 ! c5tre ( ^!1 & turn d[n ! pap]s r\nd its sides 9 ! same way t pap]s or bladd]s are turn$ d[n ov] bottles or j>s :5 ^! are to be capp$ or cov]$4 ,!n ins]t ! drift ) ! pap] cap ov] x into "o end ( ! col\r$ fire case & pu% x ?r\gh to ! o!r end4 ,n[ )draw ! drift1 & leave ! pap] cap 9 ! end ( ! col\r$ fire case4 ,next place ! case upright ^u y\r driv+-block ) ! end1 ?us fill$ up1 d[nw>ds1 & put into x z mu* p[d]$ clay z w1 :5 driv51 occupy ab\t half-an-in* 9 ! end ( ! case4 ,drive ?is clay d[n firmly ) a few bl[s ( ! mallet1 tak+ c>e1 h[ev]1 n to rupture ! case by ex]t+ too great a =ce4 ,! case is n[ ready to be fill$ ) composition4 ,?is op]ation is to be done z foll[s3--,fir/ put 9 en\gh ( ! composition to occupy ab\t half-an-in* 9 ! case1 & ram ?is d[n ) a few light bl[s ( ! mallet4 ,!n put 9 ano!r quantity1 & ram t d[n 9 ! same way2 & s on till ! case is fill$4 ,i /rongly recomm5d y n to put 9 m composition at a "t ?an w ram d[n into ! space ( half-an-in*4 ,y w f9d x easy to compress ! :ole ( ! composition equally & uni=mly by att5d+ to ?is simple piece ( advice2 & y w soon discov]1 if y d n already "k1 ! advantage ( uni=m compression4 ,:5 y h *>g$ ! case z f> z y c ) ! drift & mallet1 t is1 to ab\t a qu>t] ( an in* f ! top ( ! case1 press ! m\? ( ! case into ! composition 7f :i* y 7 fill+ x7 until ! case becomes full up to ! brim4 ,ov] ! flat surface ( composition ?us left1 pa/e a piece ( t\*-pap]1 or any ?9 pap]1 tak+ c>e n to pa/e t "p ( ! pap] :i* lies aga9/ ! composition1 b only t :i* is to /ick to ! sides ( ! case4 ,,col\r$ ,,fires 7,to ,fire74 #fj4 ,y\r col\r$ fire is n[ complete & ready = fir+4 ,?is is ! usual & mo/ conv5i5t way ( prep>+ col\rs = exhibitions4 ,b = y\r own exp]im5ts y may place a small quantity ( ! composition to be tri$ ^u a tile or brick1 n spread+ x ab\t1 b pil+ x into a pyramidal heap1 to be light$ at ! top4 ,_m p]sons adopt ?is plan = exhibitions1 b x is n good1 because sev]al ( ! be/ compositions burn too rapidly :5 unconf9$ by a case4 ,i only beg t y w d me ! ju/ice to rememb] t ! =mulas :i* ,i h giv5 above are int5d$ to furni% compositions suitable = burn+ 9 su* cases z ,i h describ$1 & n1 z a g5]al rule1 adapt$ = op5 & loose burn+4 ,my plan all along has be5 ?is--to f9d compositions ( suffici5t fre$om ( combu/ion to enable !m to consume _! case1 to give a p[]ful light1 & n to burn out too rapidly4 ,i ?9k ,i h succe$$ 9 ga9+ ! fir/ two ( ^! qualities 9 ! compositions !mselves1 & ! ?ird by compress+ !m closely 9 cases4 ,x is v mu* bett] to put into ea* case two diff]5t sorts or col\rs ( fire1 mak+ ! fire1 = in/ance1 *ange f :ite to r$1 or f gre5 to purple4 ,b if ?is be done1 & m ?an "o case is to be burn+ at a "t1 ( c\rse an especial reg>d mu/ be _h to ! contra/ ( col\r4 ,y %\ld nev] burn a yell[ ) a r$ fire1 or a yell[ ) a :ite2 gre5 ) r$1 yell[ ) purple1 :ite ) r$ make ! be/ contra/s4 ,b1 = my own "p1 ,i nev] burn two ,b5gal fires ( diff]5t col\rs at once4 ,if ! fires h any illum9ative p[] at all1 !y are pretty c]ta9 to neutralise "o ano!r's effect1 & s give y a v poor & unsatisfactory return = y\r outlay4 ,x is v true t r$ & gre5 are complem5t>y col\rs1 z !y are call$1 & look v well side by side1 b ! effect produc$ ^u an object by illum9at+ x ) a r$ & gre5 light is any?+ b complem5t>y to ! object or to ! col\r$ fires !mselves4 ,if y wi%1 h[ev]1 to try ! effect ( ! contra/1 use compositions possess+ ! greate/ dep? ( col\r & ! lea/ reflective p[]2 9 ?is case ! fires !mselves w be complem5t>y "o to ano!r1 & _! non-illum9ative prop]ties w effectually prev5t any confusion ( reflection4 ,t :at ,i h said above is true any "o may discov] by gett+ two pieces ( /a9$ glass1 "o ( a ri* r$1 ! o!r ( a ri* gre5 col\r4 ,let ^! col\rs be ?or\ghly transp>5t1 & if y place "o be=e ! o!r & attempt to look ?r\gh !m1 y w f9d t y h a m$ium ?r\gh :i* v little c be se5 at all4 ,! cases ( col\r$ fire1 made z direct$ above1 mu/ n be plac$ p]p5dicul>ly to be fir$1 b horizontally4 ,! reason ( ?is is v simple4 ,:ile !y are burn+ a sort ( boil+ lava is =m$1 :i* is ! refuse ( ! combu/ion1 & ?is w consid]ably clog ! flame & rob x ( mu* ( its light if all[$ to rema9 at ! m\? ( ! case4 ,n[ if ! cases be plac$ horizontally1 ?is lava w fall away z x =ms1 & leave ! fire to burn )\t imp$im5t4 ,all t x is necess>y to d to give ! cases ?is horizontal position is to drive two long1 /\t nails into a po/ horizontally1 ab\t an in* & a-half ap>t1 & lay ! case on ^!4 ,col\r$ fires %\ld1 z a g5]al rule1 be fir$ at a di/ance ( ab\t ?ree or f\r feet f ! gr\nd4 ,b z "o _c always f9d nails ( ! prop] sort = ^! purposes1 especially :5 at a di/ance f "o's own /ores1 ,i h sket*$ = y an iron :i* ,i always use1 fig4 #ia1 & :i* ,i am sure y w f9d conv5i5t4 ,x is made 9 ! %ape ( a tun+-=k1 ) a screw at its h&le2 ?is screw is simply twi/$ into a gimlet-hole 9 a po/1 & is easily put up or remov$4 ,i mu/ n omit to say a few words ) reg>d to ! plac+ ( col\r$ fires4 ,?is mu/ dep5d ma9ly ^u individual ta/e1 b a few h9ts may n be out ( place4 ,i _c help ?9k+ t ! be/ & mo/ effective way ( display+ col\r$ fires is to conceal ! fire itself1 & let only its illum9ation or reflection be se54 ,let any ( my read]s keep 8 spectators at a di/ance ( tw5ty or ?irty y>ds f ! col\r$ fire1 & hold up a tray or piece ( bo>d 9 front ( ! fire1 ( su* a size z w conceal only ! fire itself4 ,i ?9k x w be g5]ally admitt$ t ! beauty ( ! piece is mu* enhanc$ by ?is simple contrivance1 & if x be ?\ght s1 !n x becomes a consid]ation :e!r x w\ld n be bett] to use ! mo/ illum9ative col\rs always out ( sight1 9 su* a position t _! effect only c be se54 ,= in/ance1 if !re be a l>ge tree conv5i5tly at h&1 place y\r col\r on t side ( x :i* is away f ! spectators1 s t ! trunk ( ! tree is betwe5 !m & ! col\r$ fire4 ,?is plan ,i h always f\nd to give a mo/ *>m+ result4 ,b x mu/ be rememb]$ t any?+ b highly illum9ative col\rs _c be employ$ 9 ?is mann]4 ,y w ( c\rse f9d objectors to ! plan m5tion$ above4 ,!re are _m p :o w tell y1 8,no1 ,i l to see ! light itself10 z if gaz+ on ! sun or moon1 except = a/ronomical purposes1 c\ld ev] give half ! pleasure t ! sight ( a f9e sunlit or moonlit l&scape c imp>t4 ,:at w\ld a fairy sc5e 9 a pantomime be wor? if y saw "s ( ! gre5-room myrmidons1 ) a pot ( be] 9 "o h& & a lucif]-mat* 9 ! o!r1 light+ a heap ( composition on a tile beside ! /age1 & !n saw ! composition bur/ into a smoky flame1 b 7 prev5t$ f see+ ! effects ( its col\r8 ,?is sugge/s to me ano!r bran* ( my pres5t subject1 :i* "s ( my read]s may consid] an important "o4 ,,col\r$ ,,fires ,,= ,,!atrical ,,purposes4 #fa4 ,9 ! ev5t ( private !atricals y may n1 or y\r fri5ds may n1 l _! draw+-room to be fill$ ) a /rong sulphur\s smoke1 :i* is pretty c]ta9 to hang ab\t ! drap]y ( ! room & ! dresses ( ! company = "s unpleasantly long "t4 ,i %all !re=e give y n[ two or ?ree =mulas = col\r$ fires :i* may be safely us$ 9 a room1 & :i* conta9 no sulphur4 ,b fir/ let me give y ?is caution1 :i* x is mo/ highly important t y %\ld att5d to3-- ,,nev] ,,burn ,,any ,,col\r$ ,,fire ,,composition ,,indoors1 ,,or ,,9 ,,any ,,inclos$ ,,space1 ,,:i* ,,conta9s ,,orpim5t1 ,,realg>1 ,,or ,,any ,,prep>ation ,,( ,,ars5ic ,,among/ ,,its ,,+r$i5ts4 ,,! ,,fumes ,,f ,,su* ,,compositions ,,mu/ ,,be ,,v ,,injuri\s4 ,,!y ,,c ,,only ,,be ,,us$ ,,) ,,safety ,,out-,,(-,,doors4 ,,col\r$ ,,fires ,,= ,,!atrical ,,purposes4 ,,:ite4 ,no4 #ad4 ,*lorate ( pota% #ab p>ts4 ,nitre #d ,sug> #d ,/e>9e #a "p4 ,c>bonate ( b>yta #a ,?is does n give a pure :ite light1 = x is impossible to get a real :ite )\t sulphur1 b :5 us$ to ov]p[] !atrical lamplight1 x is to all int5ts & purposes :ite4 ,,yell[ ,,fire4 ,no4 #ae4 ,*lorate ( pota% #f p>ts4 ,nitre #f ,oxalate ( soda #e ,%ellac #c ,nitrate ( b>yta may be sub/itut$ = nitre 9 ! above =mula ) advantage1 provid$ x be v dry & f9e4 ,,gre5 ,,fire4 ,no4 #af4 ,*lorate ( pota% #b p>ts4 ,sug> #a "p4 ,nitrate ( b>yta #a ,?is gre5 col\r is b fa9t 9 itself1 b gives a v good reflection4 ,,r$ ,,fire4 ,no4 #ag4 ,nitrate ( /rontia #d p>ts4 ,*lorate ( pota% #a "p4 ,%ellac #a ,^! col\rs are = ! mo/ "p v rapid 9 _! combu/ion1 & !re=e may be us$ 9 cases if y please4 ,b z col\r$ fires = !atrical purposes are only requir$ to la/ a %ort "t1 ! m brilliant !y are dur+ t "t ! bett]4 ,,*9ese ,,fly]s ,,or ,,saxons4 #fb4 ,i n[ treat ( ! manufacture ( ,*9ese fly]s1 or ,saxons1 z !y are call$ by pr(essional pyrote*ni/s4 ,b x w n be suffici5t m]ely to speak ( ! mann] 9 :i* !y are made--we mu/ foll[ !m into "s ( ^? comb9ations 9 complex designs 9 :i* !y fulfil a v /rik+ "p4 ,& fir/ ! object ( ! ,*9ese fly] is to produce a circle ( :ite fire1 unatt5d$ by any sc9tillat+ radii1 :i* c be easily work$ into l>ge pyrote*nic designs1 & :i* is at ! same "t easy ( con/ruction4 ,! ,*9ese fly] =ms a v pretty little piece ( itself :5 prop]ly made1 b its pr9cipal use is 9 comb9ation4 ,x is ( two k9ds1 & ^! are kn[n by ! names ( ! 8s+le0 or 8d\ble0 ,saxon or fly]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,,s+le ,,saxon ,,fly]4 #fc4 ,fir/ we w speak ( ! s+le ,saxon4 ,its case %\ld be elev5 in*es 9 l5g?1 & %\ld be made r\nd a 8=m]0 ( ! "o-ounce size4 ,9 ord] to cut y\r pap] & bo>d ( a prop] size = ^! cases1 ref] to ! foll[+ woodcuts4 ,op5 a %eet ( #fj lb4 br[n pap] ( ! imp]ial size1 & divide x 9 halves l5g?wise4 ,at fig4 #ib x w be se5 t ea* %eet ( pap] w give y two cases4 ,if y use #gj-lb4 br[n pap] in/ead ( t ( ! #fj lb4 sub/ance1 y w h>dly require any imp]ial bo>d4 ,b ,i ?9k t ! cases are bett] :5 made ) a piece ( ! bo>d us$ ) ! pap]4 ,suppos+1 !n1 t y employ #fj lb4 br[n pap]1 cut y\r imp]ial bo>d z %[n at fig4 #ib;a1 t is1 into eight equal pieces1 "o ( :i* is to be us$ ) ea* /rip ( pap]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ib4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ib;a4 ,n[ pa/e y\r pap] & bo>d well all ov]1 = y w require a h>d1 /rong case4 ,!n proce$ to roll y\r pap] r\nd ! =m]1 fold+ x ov] 9 ! mann] describ$ at p>4 #ci4 ,!n place ^u ! unfold$ pap] ! piece ( imp]ial bo>d1 & roll bo? up toge!r into a close firm case4 ,y\r =m] %\ld be moi/5$ ) pa/e1 & p>ticul> c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! inn] fold ( ! pap]1 t :i* lies next to ! =m]1 is well saturat$ ) pa/e4 ,?is w effectually prev5t its be+ sep>at$ aft]w>ds :5 dry1 & w obviate "o cause ( failure & explosions4 ,i h be=e expla9$ ! necessity = att5d+ to ?is piece ( advice 9 speak+ on t\rbillons4 ,! cases = ^! ,*9ese fly]s are1 9 fact1 v mu* l ^? made = ,roman ,c&les1 b z !y are to conta9 a v mu* /rong] composition1 mu/ h s mu* additional c>e be/[$ ^u _! prep>ation4 ,! next ?+ necess>y is to "k ! pr9ciple ^u :i* ^! ,*9ese fly]s are made4 ,a ref]5ce to fig4 #ic w make ?is easily intelligible4 ,! composition is ramm$ into ! cases 9 two comp>tm5ts1 betwe5 :i* & at ! extreme ends ( :i* "s dry p[d]$ clay is driv5 94 ,! clay 9 ! c5tre ( ! case is put !re to =m a solid sub/ance1 ?r\gh :i* a hole c be bor$ to admit ! sp9dle on :i* ! case is to revolve4 ,! clay at ! extremities ( ! case is driv5 !re to =m a h>d end+ :i* is capable ( resi/+ ! =ce ( ! combu/ion ( ! composition4 ,! int]v5+ spaces betwe5 ! ends & c5tre ( clay are fill$ ) composition4 ,! cases are fill$ ov] a settle prop] = ! purpose1 ( :i* a sket* is giv5 at fig4 #ajd4 ,:5 ! cases are dry1 take "o ( !m & place "o ( its ends ov] ! project+ piece at ! top ( ! settle4 ,y w n[ require a long drift1 r less ?an half-an-in* 9 diamet]1 s t x w pass easily 9 & out ( ! case4 ,x mu/1 ( c\rse1 be ( a l5g? n less ?an t ( y\r case4 ,i mu/ suppose t y provid$ y\rself ) a ladle prop] = fill+ ! cases ( brilliant fire1 & ! :eel-cases1 ( :i* ,i h treat$4 ,! same ladle w n[ come into use aga94 ,9 case y h n su* a ladle1 buy or make y\rself "o 9 metal :i* w pass easily into cases ( ! "o-ounce size4 ,9 ?is ladle take up z mu* p[d]$ clay z w1 :5 driv51 occupy a qu>t] ( an in* 9 ! l5g? ( ! case4 ,drive x 9 firmly by means ( y\r drift & mallet4 ,!n put 9 ! composition1 = :i* ! foll[+ are ! =mulas3-- ,,composition ,,= ,,saxons4 ,meal-p[d] #af p>ts ,nitre #h ,sulphur #f ,or1 ,meal-p[d] #f ,nitre #c to #d ,sulphur #b ,antimony #b ,( ^! two ,i pref] ! =m]1 b ! latt] is p]haps bett] :5 ! fly]s are to to be fir$ s+ly1 z x produces a mu* great] halo ( sp>ks4 ,n[ drive 9 ! select$ composition1 a ladleful at a "t1 giv+ f twelve to sixte5 bl[s to ea*1 until x rises to half-an-in* bel[ ! middle ( ! case4 ,x is a good plan to m>k cases1 s t !re %all be no possibility ( mi/ake z to :]e ?is po9t is4 ,rememb] t y w require "o in* ( clay 9 ! exact c5tre ( ! case1 9 ! middle ( :i* clay y w h aft]w>ds to bore a hole4 ,^u ! top ( ?is clay ram 9 m composition until ! case is fill$ to ab\t ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* f ! end4 ,^u ?is second composition drive 9 z mu* p[d]$ clay z y drove 9 at ! o!r end ( ! case1 tak+ c>e t x is made v firm1 & is n at all likely to be bl[n out by ! combu/ion ( ! composition4 ,! next ?+ to be done is to bore ! c5tral hole ?r\gh ! clay4 ,i d ?is g5]ally ) a bradawl fir/1 & aft]w>ds ) a p9-bit or spoon-bit4 ,! size ( sp9dle :i* is be/ adapt$ = su* fireworks z ^! is t :i* is ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,i %\ld !re=e use a bradawl ( ab\t an eigh? ( an in* 9 diamet] fir/1 & !n a p9-bit ( ! same size z ! sp9dle to be employ$4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t ! hole is n made unnecess>ily l>ge1 & t x is bor$ at "r angles ) ! l5g? ( ! case4 ,hav+ accompli%$ ?is1 y h 9 ! next place to bore ! holes f :i* ! fire is to issue4 ,^! are to be made on opposite sides ( ! case at ea* end1 & ab\t half-an-in* f ! ends ( ! case4 ,i make ^! holes ) a bradawl1 beg9n+ ) a small "o & f9i%+ ) "o r less ?an ?ree-sixte5?s ( an in* 9 diamet]4 ,i believe ! true size ( ! awl t ,i use to f9i% ) is five ?irty-seconds ( an in*4 ,i m5tion ?is because "s consid]able nicety is requir$ ) reg>d to ! sizes ( ^! holes1 o!rwise ! ,saxon w ei!r bur/ or n h =ce en\gh4 ,! compositions t ,i h giv5 h ref]5ce to holes ( ! above size1 & w n be f\nd to succe$ well ) any o!r siz$ ap]ture4 ,i bore ^! holes ab\t half-way ?r\gh ! composition1 & !n ne>ly fill up ! hole ) "s ( ! same composition1 leav+ room = ! ends ( ! mat* to be press$ 94 ,a v conv5i5t in/rum5t = fill+ up ^! holes aft] bor+1 also = fill+ up t\rbillon holes & ! necks ( :eel or brilliant fire cases1 is t repres5t$ at fig4 #id1 :i* consi/s ( a piece ( /\t brass wire driv5 into a bradawl-h&le1 & hav+ a flat end4 ,?is simple in/rum5t w s]ve also to press 9 ! ends ( ! quick-mat* :i* is to connect ! extremities ( ! case4 ,at fig4 #ic is repres5t$ ! mann] 9 :i* ! quick-mat* is appli$4 ,a hole is bor$ at ,a4 ,a piece ( mat* is put into x & c>ri$ to ! end ( ! case = ! conv5i5ce ( light+ ! fly]4 ,a piece ( ?9 pap] is pa/$ ov] ! mat* & r\nd ! end ( ! fly] to keep ! mat* 9 its place1 & to protect x f injury & f tak+ fire be=e its "t4 ,ano!r hole is made at ,b j l>ge en\gh to admit an end ( quick-mat*4 ,! mat* is ins]t$ into ?is hole1 & is c>ri$ on to ano!r hole at ,c1 bor$ exactly l ! "o at ,a1 & at ! same di/ance f ! end ( ! case1 b on ! opposite side4 ,! reason = all ?is contrivance w be readily und]/ood4 ,! ,*9ese fly] is light$ at ! mat* :i* ent]s ! hole ,a4 ,x revolves on ! sp9dle :i* is pass$ ?r\gh its c5tre1 & 9 a direction opposite to t ( its m\?4 ,! composition cont9ues to burn till x rea*es ! po9t m>k$ ,b1 :5 x communicates its fire by means ( ! quick-mat* ) ! o!r ap]ture at ,c4 ,if ! fly] be requir$ to burn by itself1 a piece ( t\*-pap] %\ld be pa/$ r\nd ! end at ,a1 & twi/$ into a po9t4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x is to be connect$ ) o!r pieces1 "s ?9 pap] %\ld be us$1 two or ?ree folds ?ick1 & project+ an in* beyond ! end ( ! case1 s z to all[ ! communicat+ mat* f ! o!r pieces to be ti$ 94 ,9 my op9ion no ,saxon or ,*9ese fly]1 s+le or d\ble1 us$ s+ly or 9 comb9ation1 %\ld be )\t a col\r 9 its c5tre4 ,= ?is purpose col\rs 9 cases ( ! "o-ounce size w be f\nd suffici5t4 ,a case an in* long1 indep5d5tly ( its clay end1 w burn z long z is requir$4 ,x may be fix$ on 9 su* a position z t indicat$ at ,d 9 fig4 #c4 ,x c ei!r be ti$ on ) wire or glu$ on1 or fa/5$ 9 bo? ways if consid]$ necess>y4 ,x mu/ be connect$ by quick-mat* ) ! end ( ! case :i* is fir$ fir/4 ,! col\rs t ,i recomm5d to be us$ = ?is purpose are ^? giv5 at ,nos4 #ba1 #bb1 & #bf1 9 p>agraph #ej4 ,x is a good plan to fill ! cases ) at lea/ two col\rs1 if ! ,saxon is to be fir$ by itself1 s t x may h a v>i$ c5tre4 ,b if ! piece is to consi/ ( m ?an "o ,saxon1 !n x is be/ to employ a sep>ate col\r1 :i* does n *ange1 ) ea*4 ,i %all say m ab\t ! con/ruction ( pieces consi/+ ( ,saxons pres5tly1 :5 ,i h describ$ ! mak+ ( :at is kn[n among pyrote*ni/s "u ! "n ( ! ,,d\ble ,,saxon4 #fd4 ,?is1 ?\gh a l>g] firework ?an ! s+le1 is q z easily made1 & is m effective4 ,x consi/s ( two cases atta*$ to a wood5 c5tre1 su* z is repres5t$ at fig4 #ie4 ,x is simply a turn$ piece ( light wood1 hav+ ends ( su* a size z w fit tightly into ! ,saxon cases4 ,x is ab\t five in*es & a-half long1 & f\r in*es & a qu>t] betwe5 its %\ld]s4 ,y c procure ^! 9 any quantity ( ,mr4 ,d>by or ,mr4 ,newman4 ,! cases = d\ble ,saxons are made 9 ! same mann] z describ$ above = ! s+le ,saxons1 b are ( a diff]5t l5g?4 ,! foll[+ directions = ! division ( pap] & bo>d w give y cases ( a size prop] = d\ble ,saxons3-- ,cut y\r #fjlb4 br[n pap] l5g?wise into ?ree equal /rips1 z repres5t$ at ! annex$ fig4 #if4 ,by ?is division y\r cases w be ab\t sev5 & a-half in*es 9 l5g?4 ,y\r imp]ial bo>d mu/ be cut1 z %[n 9 ! illu/ration at fig4 #ig1 into twelve equal pieces2 s t f\r %eets ( #fjlb4 br[n pap]1 & "o ( imp]ial bo>d1 w give y mat]ial en\gh = twelve cases1 & !re=e en\gh = six d\ble ,saxons4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #if4 ,! cases are to be fill$ 9 ! same way z direct$ above "u ! head ( s+le ,saxons4 ,aft] plac+ y\r case ^u ! settle1 drive 9 z mu* clay z w1 :5 compress$1 occupy a qu>t] ( an in*1 & see t x is v firm & secure4 ,!n drive 9 y\r composition 7made f "o ( ! =mulas giv5 above7 a ladleful at a "t1 until y h fill$ ! case to )9 an in* ( ! end4 ,drive 9 ano!r small quantity ( clay1 & y w !n h ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in*1 or !reab\ts1 ( unoccupi$ space at ! end ( ! case4 ,?is is to be fill$ ) ! end ( ! wood5 c5tre repres5t$ at fig4 #ie4 ,:5 y\r two cases are fill$1 glue !m on to ! c5tre1 tak+ c>e t !y are n likely to come unfa/5$ by any fair means4 ,y w h no tr\ble 9 bor+ ! c5tral hole = ^!1 = y buy !m already bor$ 9 ! "r mann]4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #ig4 ,b y w h to bore ?r\gh ! case to ! composition1 to make a v5t = ! fire4 ,! holes are to be made ab\t half-an-in* f ea* end1 & on opposite sides1 z repres5t$ at ,a & ,b 9 fig4 #ih4 ,aft] bor+ ! holes1 be c>eful to fill !m up aga9 ) "s ( ! same composition1 leav+ only room en\gh to receive ! ends ( ! quick-mat*1 :i* %\ld be press$ 9 ) ! little in/rum5t repres5t$ at fig4 #id4 ,?is quick-mat* is fir/ to be put into ! hole at ,a & secur$ !re1 & !n c>ri$ ov] t end ( ! case & d[n ! o!r side to ! hole at ,b1 :]e x is to be secur$ 9 ! same way4 ,ov] ! quick-mat* is to be pa/$ a piece ( ?9 pap]4 ,a /rip an in* wide & tw5ty in*es long is :at is requir$ = ?is purpose4 ,?is /rip is to be pa/$ all along ! mat*4 ,?is w prev5t its be+ injur$ or ignit$ at ! wrong "t4 ,x is h>dly necess>y = me to /ate t ! same plan mu/ be adopt$ ) reg>d to ! quick-mat* t is put to s+le ,saxons4 ,! pap] is simply to be pa/$ ov] ! mat* 9 ! same way z is done 9 ! case ( t\rbillons4 ,a wid] /rip ( pap] is next to be cut1 :i* is to be pa/$ r\nd ! end ,a ( ! d\ble ,saxon1 & to project beyond ! end1 9 ord] to receive ! quick-mat* f o!r pieces4 ,9 ord] to atta* a col\r to ! c5tre ( ^! d\ble ,saxons 7& !y %\ld nev] be us$ )\t a col\r71 a nail may be driv5 into ! wood5 c5tre1 9 ! position indicat$ at ,c1 9 fig4 #ih1 & ! col\r$ fire case b\nd to ! nail ) a r\nd or two ( f9e wire4 ,! case at ,c mu/ !n be connect$ by quick-mat* ) ! end at ,a4 ,all ! d\ble ,saxons t ,i h se5 h be5 made 9 ?is mann]1 b !re is no reason :y !y %\ld n burn "o end at a "t1 l ! s+le ,saxons4 ,! diff]5ce w be t if bo? ends take fire at once1 ! pieces w la/ j half ! "t t !y w\ld o!rwise take4 ,! compositions t ,i h recomm5d$ = fill+ !m are q /rong en\gh to make !m revolve well1 if only burn+ at "o end2 b if ! two ends are arrang$ to burn simultane\sly1 a mu* m p]fect circle ( :ite fire is produc$1 & ?is1 ,i presume1 is ! object ( _! always be+ made to burn d\ble4 ,9 decid+ :e!r !y %all burn s+ly or n1 y mu/ take into consid]ation ! que/ions1 ,h[ are !y to be us$8 &1 ,) :at o!r pieces are !y to burn8 ,y w1 no d\bt1 h pl5ty ( devices ( y\r own mak+ into :i* ^! illum9at$ ,saxons w ent]4 ,a v little exp]i5ce w %[ y _! effect1 & tea* y h[ long !y la/1 & h[ to regulate _! use4 ,& "h let me give y a h9t t y w f9d v useful ) reg>d to ^!1 & to all fireworks :i* c be us$ 9 comb9ation4 ,:5ev] y asc]ta9 ! l5g? ( "t t any piece--say a ,roman c&le1 a brilliant g]be1 a ,saxon1 or a :eel-case--is 9 burn+1 make a note ( x 9 a book kept = ! purpose4 ,x w save y mu* tr\ble & calculation1 & w add v mu* to ! beauty ( y\r comp\nd pieces1 to h a writt5 /atem5t ( ! duration ( any compon5t "p ( !m1 s t y may h no excess 9 any p>ticul>1 & t x may appe> t y\r design has be5 made ) judgm5t1 & is n ! result ( a *ance mixture ( pieces4 ,i tru/ t ,i h left no p>ticul> unnotic$ 9 my directions = mak+ ^! s+le & d\ble ,saxons4 ,if ,i h1 ,i hope t ! pr9ciple on :i* !y are con/ruct$ is laid d[n ) suffici5t cle>ness to put ! mode ( its work+ out beyond a d\bt4 ,,saxon ,,:eel4 #fe4 ,i n[ wi% to supply a few designs = comb9ations 9 :i* ^! ,saxons1 toge!r ) o!r pieces1 f9d a place4 ,! fir/ t ,i %all give w be t :i* is call$ a ,saxon :eel4 ,x consi/s ( a wood5 framework ab\t ?ree feet 9 diamet]1 hav+ six spokes1 & into ?ree ( ^! spokes ! sp9dles are driv5 on :i* ?ree d\ble ,saxons are to revolve4 ,on ! circumf]5ce ( ! :eel1 cases are ti$ fill$ ) brilliant fire made f ! foll[+ =mula3-- ,meal-p[d] #d p>ts4 ,/eel fil+s #a "p4 ,^! cases may be ( ! "o-ounce size1 & mu/ burn two at a "t4 ,?is is easily effect$ by connect+ ! m\?s ( ! cases1 on opposite sides ( ! :eel1 ) quick-mat*1 & !n f ! tails ( ^! cases c>ry+ lead]s to ! heads ( ! next two1 & s on4 ,! numb] ( cases on ! circumf]5ce is n a matt] ( importance4 ,i h drawn six 9 ! sket* at fig4 #ajj4 ,9 ! c5tre %\ld be plac$ a s+le triangle :eel1 ! cases on :i* may be ( ! 8fix$ case0 size1 spok5 ( 9 p>agraph #da1 b n q s long--five & a-half in*es w be f\nd long en\gh4 ,! cases on ?is triangle :eel may be fill$ ) ! brilliant fire4 ,! piece w !n require-- #f "o-ounce :eel-cases 9 brilliant fire4 #c triangle :eel-cases 9 brilliant fire4 #c d\ble ,saxons1 illum9at$ ) col\rs4 ,y may make ?is :eel p]=m 9 any mann] t y *oose4 ,i may1 h[ev]1 sugge/ "o ord] = its p]=mance4 ,i %\ld fir/ light ! triangle :eel1 & let its ?ree cases exp5d !mselves4 ,?is c5tral triangle mu/ revolve ^u ! same axis on :i* ! l>g] :eel turns4 ,!n ,i %\ld advise y to fire ! two connect$ cases on opposite sides ( ! l>ge :eel1 & let ^! convey _! fire to ! o!r cases :i* foll[ !m4 ,:5 f\r ( ^! cases are consum$ 7or r1 ,i %\ld say1 :5 two c\ples ( ^! cases are consum$71 fire ! quick-mat* :i* connects ! illum9at$ ,saxons4 ,y w see t ! c5tral triangle is a sep>ate piece1 & w n require to be connect$ ) ! o!r "p ( ! design4 ,! ,saxons mu/ be connect$ by quick-mat* ) "o ano!r1 & mu/ h a lead] left by :i* to fire !m4 ,! outside :eel-cases mu/ also h a lead] by :i* !y c be ignit$ at ! prop] mom5t4 ,especial c>e mu/ be tak5 t ^! lead]s are n too ne> "o ano!r1 or y w probably f9d y\r :ole piece ignit$ at "o "t1 & n 9 ! ord] :i* y _h int5d$ x to obs]ve4 ,! triangle :eel w1 ( c\rse1 be 9 front ( ! o!r :eel1 & s ! fire f x w n />t ! o!r pieces be=e _! "t4 ,! be/ plan = ignit+ ! ,saxons at ! "r mom5t is to make a fuze to la/ j ! "t t ! two fir/ c\ples ( :eel-cases take to burn out1 & s to convey its fire to ! ,saxons4 ,^! fuzes are a l>g] sort ( portfire1 prim$ at bo? ends1 ) a quick-mat* lead+ to & f !m4 ,! fuze mu/ be light$ by ! same lead] :i* fires ! :eel-cases1 & if x be only ( ! prop] l5g?1 w :5 consum$ pass its fire on to ! ,saxons at ! prop] "t4 ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,9 ! sket* at fig4 #ajj x w be se5 t ! cases at ,a ,a are to burn toge!r2 ^? at ,b ,b w foll[ !m2 & :ile ,a ,a & ,b ,b are burn+1 ! fuze at ,d is also burn+1 & %\ld la/ precisely ! same "t4 ,!n :5 ,c ,c take _! fire f ,b ,b1 ! ,saxons take _! fire f ! fuze at ,d4 ,i hope ?is is intelligible4 ,i c answ] = ! beauty ( ! design if prop]ly c>ri$ out4 ,y may put on ! ?ree ,saxons a r$1 a gre51 & a purple fire1 :i* w make a good contra/1 & y w fur!r improve y\r piece by putt+ a *angeable col\r on ! c5tre ( ! triangle :eel4 ,put ! end ( ! lead] ,e 9 su* a position t x is n ignit$ by ! fire f ! triangle4 ,!re is also a v pretty fix$ piece1 ( m simple con/ruction ?an ! above1 9 :i* y may use ?ree s+le ,saxons4 ,x consi/s ( ?ree ,saxons illum9at$1 & ?ree fix$ cases ( brilliant fire4 ,a fuze w be f\nd useful 9 ?is piece z 9 ! la/1 b y c d )\t x "h4 ,connect ! ?ree ,saxons ) lead]s2 connect also ! ?ree fix$ cases ) lead]s1 & c>ry f ^! ano!r lead] to "s po9t :]e y c conv5i5tly light x ) a portfire4 ,fire ! ,saxons 7:i* we w suppose are s+le ones7 & let !m burn until "o end ( ea* is consum$2 !n fire ! fix$ cases ( brilliant fire1 :i* %\ld ea* h a report at its end4 ,a sket* ( ! %ape ( ?is piece is giv5 at fig4 #aja4 ,,saxon ,,squ>e4 #ff4 ,! next design t ,i %all give is kn[n by ! "n ( ! ,saxon squ>e4 ,! sket* at fig4 #ii %[s ! =m ( x4 ,x consi/s ( a squ>e wood5 frame1 us$ diamond-wise--t is ) "o ( its angles d[nw>ds1 & n "o ( its sides d[nw>ds4 ,! pieces requir$ to m\nt x are z foll[s3-- #h brilliant fix$ cases4 #d ,saxons illum9at$ ) col\rs4 #a illum9at$ triangle :eel = c5tre4 ,! framework may be ab\t #cj in*es squ>e4 ,9 ! c5tre place a brilliant illum9at$ triangle :eel4 ,a d\ble triangle w be ! be/ = ?is purpose1 & w make ! piece la/ long]4 ,if ! ,saxons burn at bo? ends at once1 !y mu/ be fir$ ) ! brilliant fix$ cases2 b if "o end only burns at a "t1 ! fix$ cases may burn ) ! second halves ( ! ,saxons4 ,! fix$ cases %\ld all be report$4 ,let two ( ! cases on ! triangle :eel burn fir/2 !n let ! col\r 9 ! c5tre ( ! triangle take fire1 & burn ) ! rema9+ f\r cases2 !n let ! fir/ halves ( ! ,saxons take fire :5 ! f\r? :eel-case beg9s1 & let ! brilliant cases come on ) ! six? ( ! :eel-cases1 & ) ! second halves ( ! ,saxons4 ,9 ?is & 9 all o!r cases :]e a triangle1 or any :eel is employ$1 z a c5tre1 x mu/ be br\ght well =w>d s t its fire w n injure any o!r "p ( ! piece4 ,if x be ?\ght advisable to increase slightly ! size & beauty ( ?is piece1 place ?ree brilliant fix$ cases 9 ! int]vals betwe5 ! ,saxons in/ead ( two1 & let !m be fix$ s z to =m a k9d ( ,pr9ce ( ,wales's fea!r 9 ea* place4 ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,i n[ come to a design :i* ,i h us$1 & c1 !re=e1 speak f exp]i5ce ( ! beauty ( its effect4 ,i employ$ x at ! close ( an exhibition1 & ,i c assure y t x makes no inconsid]able f9ale4 ,x consi/s ( ! foll[+ compon5t p>ts3-- #af brilliant fix$ cases report$4 #d d\ble ,saxons illum9at$4 #d five-po9t$ />s4 ,?is piece w be mu* bett] if x has a brilliant triangle1 or d\ble triangle1 :eel 9 its c5tre4 ,if a d\ble triangle be us$1 x w beg9 fir/ & la/ out ?r\gh ! p]=mance ( ! piece4 ,! sket* giv5 at fig4 #ajb w speak = itself z to design1 %ape1 outl9e1 c41 c4 ,b ,i may z well sugge/ 9 ?is case1 z ,i h 9 ! o!rs1 an ord] = its *anges1 or mutations1 z ! au?orities delight to call !m4 ,i w suppose t y use a brilliant d\ble triangle :eel 9 ! c5tre4 ,?is1 ( c\rse1 has six small cases ^u x1 & %\ld h also a col\r 9 its c5tre4 ,fire ?is :eel fir/1 & let two ( its cases be consum$4 ,!n fire ! f\r col\r$ lights :i* are to be sub/itut$ = ! five-po9t$ />s4 ,two ( ^! col\r$ lights may be gre51 & two purple4 ,!n :5 two m ( ! cases on ! triangle are burnt out1 /rike 9 ! d\ble ,saxons & ! brilliant fix$ cases4 ,?is piece w1 ( c\rse1 take y "s "t to make1 & w require "s pati5ce & a good deal ( nicety & precision 9 its arrangem5ts4 ,b x w fully repay y = all ! pa9s t y be/[ ^u its prep>ation4 ,i ?9k ! col\r on ! d\ble triangle :eel _h bett] be purple2 ^? on ! ,saxons r$2 ! o!r f\r col\rs1 z ,i h said1 gre5 & purple4 ,at fig4 #ajc ,i h drawn ! wood5 c5tre ( a d\ble ,saxon to %[ y an easi] way ( fa/5+ on y\r col\rs4 ,y h simply to bore a hole ) a small bradawl ?r\gh ! clay end ( ! col\r$ light case1 & pass ?r\gh x a piece ( small s(t iron or copp] wire4 ,! ends ( ! wire are !n b5t r\nd ! wood5 c5tre1 & twi/$ toge!r tightly at ! back4 ,fig4 #ajd repres5ts a settle prop] = ! mak+ ( ,saxons4 ,x is to be fix$ or screw$ into a block1 su* z ,i h drawn 9 ! illu/rations = ,roman c&les4 ,,s]p5t ,,m9es4 #fg4 ,we n[ come to a v useful & effective feature 9 pyrote*nic displays1 :i*1 al?\gh r %ort-liv$ 9 its p]=mance1 produces q z mu* arial decoration z any piece t c be employ$4 ,i speak ( ! m9e1 :e!r *>g$ ) s]p5ts or crack]s4 ,x w\ld be difficult to f9d a bett] s+le accompanim5t to ! conclud+ piece ( a small exhibition ?an a really good s]p5t m9e4 ,b ^! pieces ne$ n necess>ily be us$ z accompanim5ts2 !y may also be made up z sep>ate pieces4 ,( ^! comb9ations ,i %all speak h]eaft]4 ,& fir/1 = ! in=mation ( ^? :o d n "k :at a m9e is1 or :at its p]=mance is1 ,i may say t x consi/s ( a cyl9drical box1 made ei!r ( ?ick pap] or iron2 & ?is box conta9s a numb] ( small s]p5ts hav+ reports2 ^! s]p5ts are plac$ 9 ! box 9 su* a mann] t _! m\?s may all readily take fire at ! same in/ant1 at :i* in/ant !y are bl[n out ( ! box to ! height ( fifty or sixty feet 9 ! air1 :]e !y be-h !mselves 9 a mo/ lively & some:at ecc5tric mann]1 until a sm>t pop f ea* br+s _! gambols to a close by turn+ _! c>casses inside out4 ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,n[ comes ! "q1 8,h[ are we to *>m ^! little s]p5ts into do+ z we please80 ,! foll[+ answ] to ?is "q w1 ,i tru/1 leave no?+ unexpla9$ or difficult ( compreh5sion4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ) reg>d to ! s]p5ts !mselves1 ,i _c ?9k t y w f9d x wor? y\r :ile to be tr\bl$ ) ! manufacture ( !m4 ,! "w is dirty1 tr\blesome1 & r exp5sive1 because y c d no?+ )\t a *ok+ app>atus prop] = ?is purpose1 & :5 y set 9 array aga9/ ^! disadvantages ! v l[ price ( ! s]p5ts1 z y c buy !m ( ,mr4 ,d>by1 ( #ih ,reg5t ,/reet1 ,lambe?1 :i* is1 ,i believe1 at ! rate ( ?ree %ill+s p] gross1 prim$ & ready = use1 ,i ?9k y w agree ) me t ! be/ plan is to wa% y\r h&s altoge!r ( _! manufacture1 & to buy !m :]e y c dep5d ^u _! be+ uni=mly good & reasonable 9 price4 ,^! s]p5ts are g5]ally ab\t two in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s 9 l5g?1 & are ( a v conv5i5t size = ! purpose4 ,i w suppose t y h provid$ y\rself ) "s ( ^!1 & t y want to make "o ( su* s]p5t m9es z c be b\ght at ! firework %ops4 ,! fir/ ?+ = y to d is to decide ^u ! size ( m9e t y require4 ,9 my op9ion1 v small m9es are n wor? mak+4 ,i %\ld nev] ?9k ( putt+ less ?an two doz5 s]p5ts into a m9e4 ,if y w take my advice y w det]m9e ^u "o or two sizes1 & keep to !m2 y w f9d ?is by f> ! mo/ conv5i5t plan4 ,! two sizes :i* ,i %\ld recomm5d are ^? ^: cases are two in*es & a-half & ?ree in*es 9 diamet]4 ,! latt] w dis*>ge ?ree doz5 s]p5ts1 & w1 ,i ?9k1 be f\nd l>ge en\gh = all purposes4 ,if y want a =m] r\nd :i* to make ! case1 or mort>1 z x is call$1 ( ! two & a-half in* size1 y c g5]ally f9d "o ready made at ! drap]'s4 ,!y h !m z roll]s = silks1 c41 & ! above is "o ( _! sizes4 ,i h f\nd "o ( ^! v conv5i5t4 ,9 ! next place y mu/ always keep y\r eye on ! look-out = old odd pieces ( ?ick br[n pap]1 or sug> pap]1 or any ?ick pap] us$ = p>cels1 & turn !m to acc\nt2 any old pieces ( c>dbo>d may also be work$ 94 ,y w want a case or mort> sev5 in*es long1 & s well pa/$ & closely roll$ t y c h>dly b5d x ) y\r f+]s4 ,d n sp>e ! pa/e1 nor imag9e t y c disp5se ) ! roll] bo>d4 ,well pa/e ! =m] & all ! pap]1 & :5 y h f9i%$ ! mort>1 set x by1 & d n use x till x is ?or\ghly dry & h>d1 b at ! same "t d n attempt to hurry ! dry+ ov]1 & s w>p x & put x out ( %ape4 ,y w n[ h a r\nd h>d cyl9d] ( pa/ebo>d1 op5 at bo? ends4 ,cut a piece ( deal or o!r wood1 ( a size t w fit tightly into "o ( ^! ends1 & ab\t an in* ?ick1 & glue x 91 to make a firm bottom to ! mort>1 s t x has no *ance ( com+ out4 ,n[ weigh out "o-ounce ( common gunp[d]2 su* z is sold at ! %ops at ab\t #as4 p] p\nd is q good en\gh = ?is purpose4 ,put ?is into a piece ( ?9 pap]1 & make x up into a neat little flat circul> p>cel z %[n at fig4 #aje4 ,x %\ld be z ne>ly z possible ! same size z ! int]ior ( ! mort>4 ,y w f9d t ! mort> ( ! two & a-half in* size is capable ( hold+ ab\t tw5ty-eight s]p5ts4 ,b1 :atev] siz$ =m] y use = ! mort>1 asc]ta9 h[ _m s]p5ts w be requir$ to fill x1 rememb]+ t !y are by no means requir$ to fit 9 tightly2 t if !y are fitt$ 9 tightly y\r mort> is pretty sure to be bl[n to pieces1 :i* cata/rophe is by all means to be avoid$4 ,hav+ asc]ta9$ ! numb] ( s]p5ts requir$1 tie !m into a bundle ) cotton4 ,?is w enable y to pass !m )\t any tr\ble into ! mort>4 ,b be=e putt+ !m 9 take out ! c5tre s]p5t1 & tie to its neck a piece ( quick-mat* 9 ! mann] repres5t$ 9 fig4 #ajf4 ,?is mat* is to convey ! fire to ! m\?s ( ! s]p5ts1 & s on to ! packet ( p[d]4 ,:5 ! piece ( mat* has be5 atta*$ z direct$ above1 replace ! s]p5t 9 ! mid/ ( ! bundle4 ,take notice t t "p ( ! mat* :i* projects beyond ! m\? ( ! s]p5t is to be uncov]$--t is1 is to h its case cut away f x4 ,n[ 9 ord] to insure ! prop] light+ ( all ! s]p5ts1 ,i h adopt$ a plan :i* ,i h always f\nd successful4 ,! usual plan is to sme> ! flat side ( ! packet ( gunp[d] ) meal-p[d]-pa/e1 & to let ! s]p5ts /& m\? d[nw>ds ^u ?is4 ,i am well aw>e t _m good m9es are made 9 ?is way1 b ,i mu/ ?9k t _! success is ! result r ( *ance ?an ( any?+ else4 ,i h exp]im5t$ a great deal 9 ?is direction4 ,i h fir$ m9es s prep>$ 9 a place :]e ,i h be5 able to pick up ! rema9s ( ! s]p5ts aft] ! explosion ( ! m9es1 & ,i h frequ5tly f\nd s]p5ts t _h nev] tak5 fire at all4 ,& ?is fact set me to "w ^u discov]+ "s new plan4 ,i at once hit ^u ! cause ( =m] failures1 imag9+ !m to be due to ! too rapid ignition ( ! p[d]1 :i* _h n all[$ "t en\gh = ! fire to be convey$ to ! m\?s ( all ! s]p5ts4 ,9 attempt+ to rectify ?is1 ,i naturally en\gh ran to ! o!r extreme1 & gave !m r too long a "t1 s t !y actually f\nd _! way out ( ! mort> by _! own =ce1 & ! p[d] exp5d$ itself 9 a mighty puff j :5 !y 7 out ( ! rea* ( its influ5ce4 ,( c\rse ! s]p5ts only f\nd _! way j out ( ! mort>1 & did n produce t lively effect 9 ! air :i* 0 int5d$4 ,s !n ,i _h rec\rse to ! plan :i* ,i n[ adopt1 & :i* has nev] fail$ me4 ,i take "s circles ( ?9 blue pap]--su* pap] z ! pyrote*ni/s use = mak+ into t\*-pap]1 :i* is call$ ?9 blue d\ble cr[n2 ^! circles ,i cut ( su* a size t !y w j pass into my mort>1 & ,i sme> !m well ov] ) meal-p[d]-pa/e made ) meal-p[d] moi/5$ ) ?9 />* or gum-wat]4 ,"o ( ^! circles ,i place betwe5 ! packet ( p[d] & ! m\?s ( ! s]p5ts4 ,& ,i f9d t ?is arrangem5t j all[s "t en\gh = ! fire to be convey$ to all ! s]p5ts be=e ! packet ( p[d] is explod$4 ,y w n[ h ! ?ree pr9cipal p>ts ( ! m9e ready to put into ! pa/ebo>d mort>4 ,9 ord] to d ?is1 take y\r bundle ( s]p5ts & hold !m m\?s upw>ds1 z repres5t$ at fig4 #ajg1 & on _! m\?s lay ! prim$ circle ( ?9 pap]1 meal-p[d] side d[nw>ds4 ,on ?is lay ! packet ( gunp[d]1 ) its smoo? side d[nw>ds1 & its ti$ side upw>ds4 ,!n tak+ ! mort>1 bottom upw>ds1 pass x ov] ! :ole 9 ! way 9 :i* an ext+ui%] is us$4 ,! m9e1 ?us f> complet$1 is n[ to be turn$ ! prop] way upw>ds1 & a knife or pair ( scissors pass$ into x to divide ! cotton :i* b\nd ! s]p5ts toge!r4 ,c>e mu/ be tak5 t ?is little piece ( aft]-"w is n =gott5 & left undone1 o!rwise y\r s]p5ts w come out 9 a lump1 & w n be able to spread4 ,b n[ we come to ! case :i* is to play be=e ! m9e is fir$4 ,?is may be a %ort case ( ! "o-ounce or two-ounce size1 & may be fill$ ) ! beautiful old composition call$ spur-fire4 ,! composition = ?is is-- ,nitre #ah p>ts4 ,sulphur #h ,lampblack #f ,b !re is a great deal ( art 9 prep>+ ?is composition4 ,! +r$i5ts require to be well-sift$ toge!r1 & !n rubb$ toge!r 9 a l>ge mort> ) a wood5 pe/le4 ,y mu/ h two or ?ree %ort *ok$ cases ready :ile ?is pe/le & mort> op]ation is go+ on1 9 :i* to try ! composition at diff]5t /ages ( its progress4 ,if ! +r$i5ts h n be5 suffici5tly rubb$ ) ! pe/le1 v few ( ! beautiful spur-%ap$ sp>ks w be ?r[n out4 ,b if1 on ! o!r h&1 too mu* rubb+ has tak5 place1 ! composition w burn too fi]cely1 & w ?r[ out only drossy sp>ks4 ,!re is c]ta9ly a good deal ( pati5ce necess>y 9 ! prep>ation ( ?is spur-fire composition1 b :5 prop]ly made x w repay y = all ! tr\ble x has giv54 ,x is bett] to make a good l>ge bat* ( x at a "t4 ,x is said to improve aft] be+ ramm$ into cases a long "t4 ,!re is only "o disadvantage t ,i h ev] f\nd 9 ?is spur-fire1 & t is1 t mu* ( its beautiful effect is lo/ unless ! spectators are v close to x :5 x is fir$4 ,! sc9tillat+ sp>ks may be caught 9 ! h& )\t dang]4 ,b !re are _m o!r compositions :i* w answ] v well = ! beg9n+ case = a m9e4 ,= in/ance1 y may use-- ,meal-p[d] #b p>ts4 ,/eel fil+s #a "p4 ,or1 ,meal-p[d] #b p>ts4 ,iron bor+s #a "p4 ,or1 ,meal-p[d] #d p>ts4 ,*>coal #a "p4 ,^! compositions may be ramm$ into ei!r "o-ounce or two-ounce cases1 & prim$ 9 ! ord9>y way4 ,! tail end ( ! case mu/ be left op51 9 ord] to ins]t ! end ( ! mat* :i* comes out ( ! bundle ( s]p5ts4 ,y w next require a circul> piece ( millbo>d1 ( a size t w answ] z a lid to y\r pa/ebo>d mort>4 ,?r\gh ! c5tre ( ?is lid bore a hole ) a c5tre-bit j ! size ( ! case t y mean to ins]t2 & :5 y h decid$ h[ f> ?is case %all project out ( ! lid1 make a m>k1 & glue ! case into ! c5tral hole3 & :5 y h made ! necess>y connection betwe5 ! tail ( ! f\nta9-case & ! quick-mat* f ! bundle1 ! lid is ready to be pa/$ on4 ,if1 h[ev]1 !re is any *ance ( ! m9e be+ knock$ ab\t be=e x is fir$1 fill 9 ! space above ! s]p5ts ) wa/e pap]1 or1 /ill bett]1 ) common wadd+1 :i* does n burn4 ,x only rema9s n[ to pa/e a /rip ( ?9 pap] neatly r\nd ! top ( y\r mort>1 s z to secure ! lid1 & !n to put "s t\*-pap] to y\r f\nta9-case1 & ! piece is ready = fir+4 ,!re is ano!r way ( mak+ ^! m9es :i* y c adopt if y please4 ,in/ead ( us+ a %ort f\nta9-case1 a long "o is employ$ :i* w rea* d[n to ! sme>$ meal-p[d] pad4 ,?is case has1 ( c\rse1 to pass ?r\gh ! bundle ( s]p5ts1 & s takes up a good deal ( room among !m4 ,if y employ a long case ( ?is k9d1 y w f9d x be/ to use "o ( ! sp>kl+ compositions giv5 above1 & n ! spur-fire2 or1 at all ev5ts1 if ! spur-fire is us$1 only half fill ! case ) x4 ,x is a sl[-burn+ composition1 & answ]s mu* bett] 9 %ort cases ( l>ge calibre ?an 9 long cases ( small bore4 ,= a m9e two in*es 9 diamet] ! *>ge ( p[d] %\ld be ?ree-qu>t]s ( an ounce4 ,! mort> %\ld be ab\t six in*es high4 ,= a m9e two & a-half in*es 9 diamet]1 & sev5 in*es high1 ! *>ge ( p[d] %\ld be "o-ounce4 ,= a m9e ?ree in*es 9 diamet]1 & eight in*es high1 ! *>ge %\ld be an ounce & a-half4 ,b ,i mu/ n[ proce$ to tell y ( ano!r way ( mak+ m9es = exhibition purposes :i* c be fir$ at any giv5 mom5t4 ,^! are fir$ f iron mort>s4 ,"o ( ^! mort>s w la/ a lifetime4 ,! size t ,i use is t :i* has a diamet] ( ?ree in*es4 ,! mort> is made ( ?ick %eet-iron1 rivett$ firmly into ! =m ( a cyl9d]1 ) an iron r+ r\nd its m\?1 & a wood block screw$ into its o!r end = a foot4 ,?is mort> has a cle> dep? ( eight in*es inside1 & is capable ( ?r[+ ?ree doz5 s]p5ts4 ,! ext]ior ( ! iron cyl9d] is b\nd r\nd ) cord1 :i* is suppos$ to give x great additional /r5g?4 ,s mu* = ! mort> f :i* ^! exhibition m9es are fir$4 ,! s]p5ts1 p[d]1 c41 are conta9$ 9 pap] bags1 & h a project+ piece ( mat* by :i* !y are fir$4 ,i h a solid cyl9d] ( wood1 six in*es long1 & two & ?ree-qu>t] in*es 9 diamet]1 ^u :i* ,i make my pap] bags = ^! m9es4 ,a =m] ( ?is size makes a bag t w conta9 ! ?ree doz5 s]p5ts1 & w at ! same "t pass easily into ! mort>4 ,! p[d]1 meal-pad1 s]p5ts & quick-mat* are to be put 9 precisely 9 ! same mann] z t direct$ above3 ! p[d] packet at ! bottom1 ( c\rse1 !n ! meal-pad1 !n ! s]p5ts4 ,aft] all are inclos$1 feel ) ! f+]s = ! /r+ t ties ! s]p5ts toge!r1 & cut ?r\gh ! pap] ( ! bag & ?is /r+ to lib]ate !m4 ,y\r m9e w !n be ready = fir+4 ,any numb] ( ^! bags c be fir$ "o aft] ano!r f ! same iron mort>4 ,y w f9d a sket* ( a pa/ebo>d mort> at fig4 #ajh1 %[+ its cont5ts & ! f\nta9-case4 ,y w f9d also a sket* ( an iron mort>1 fig4 #aji1 & bag & s]p5ts1 fig4 #aaj2 su* z ,i use1 :i* is by f> ! mo/ conv5i5t way ( exhibit+ s]p5t m9es4 ,,crack] ,,m9es4 #fh4 ,we w n[ proce$ to speak ( crack] m9es1 ano!r v effective item 9 exhibition pyrote*ny4 ,) reg>d to ! crack]s t are employ$ = ?is purpose1 ,i _c ?9k t y w economise at all by try+ to make !m y\rselves4 ,9 ord] to make !m all ( "o uni=m size & %ape--& ^! po9ts mu/ be att5d$ to p>ticul>ly 9 ! manufacture ( crack]s = m9es1 o!rwise y w be unable to pack !m prop]ly 9 ! bags or mort>s--a consid]able am\nt ( app>atus ( r an exp5sive k9d is requir$1 & is 9 fact indisp5sable4 ,! money laid out 9 ! pur*ase ( ?is app>atus w\ld furni% y ) _m grosses ( m9e crack]s4 ,if y w be advis$ by me1 y w pur*ase !m ( ,mr4 ,d>by1 ^: crack]s = ?is purpose are1 9 my op9ion1 exce$+ly good4 ,! only diff]5ce betwe5 m9e crack]s & ^? usually sold at ! %ops = ! #e? ( ,novemb] is 9 _! prim+4 ,in/ead ( hav+ t\*-pap]1 at :i* !y are light$1 a piece ( b>e quick-mat* is left project+ f ! m\?1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 takes fire v readily4 ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ,! mort>s us$ = ?r[+ crack]s diff] f ^? employ$ = ?r[+ s]p5ts 9 be+ squ>e in/ead ( r\nd4 ,i %all speak only ( "o size ( crack] mort>1 because y c at y\r pleasure fire f x any numb] ( crack]s f "o doz5 to f\r doz5 by adopt+ my plan ( pack+ !m4 ,if y are ab\t to use a pa/ebo>d mort>1 y mu/ h a squ>e =m] made1 two in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s squ>e & six in*es long4 ,^u ?is =m] make a v /rong mort> ) well-pa/$ c>dbo>d & ?ick pap]1 & let x be ?or\ghly dry be=e y use x4 ,glue into "o end ( x a piece ( wood an in* ?ick = a bottom4 ,y w n[ require j ! same k9d ( packet ( gunp[d] z 0 spok5 ( "u ! head ( s]p5t m9es4 ,?is packet may conta9 an ounce & a-half ( common p[d]4 ,put x into ! bottom ( ! mort>1 flat side upw>ds2 !n put a piece ( ?9 pap]1 sme>$ ov] ) meal-p[d] pa/e1 meal-p[d] side upw>ds1 & !n proce$ to put 9 y\r crack]s 9 ! foll[+ way3--,y w f9d two doz5 a v good numb] = crack] mort>s ( ?is size4 ,i frequ5tly use ?ree doz51 b ?is is n necess>y4 ,i w suppose t y h det]m9$ to use two doz54 ,take six ( ^!2 pack !m side by side1 s t _! prim$ m\?s are arrang$ 9 a l9e2 tie !m 9 ?is position ) a piece ( cotton2 make f\r ( ^! packets conta9+ six crack]s2 n[ put !m into ! mort> 9 su* a way t ! project+ pieces ( quick-mat* are all turn$ inw>ds1 z %[n 9 ! draw+ at ! page ( illu/rations4 ,! crack]s w1 ( c\rse1 all be ly+ on _! sides4 ,n[ d[n ! c5tre ( ?is arrangem5t lay ?ree or f\r pieces ( b>e quick-mat*1 :i* %all be 9 imm$iate juxtaposition to all ! prim$ m\?s ( ! crack]s1 & :i* %all rea* d[n to ! meal-p[d] pad4 ,?us y w infallibly insure ! light+ ( all ! crack]s be=e ! *>ge ( p[d] takes fire at ! bottom4 ,ov] ?is m9e1 & z an introduction to x1 y c1 if y please1 place a f\nta9-case1 z ) ! s]p5t m9es1 glu+ x into ! c5tre ( ! lid ( ! mort>1 & connect+ its tail end ) ! crack]s bel[4 ,b ! mo/ useful plan = exhibition purposes is to h an iron mort> = ^! m9es1 made ab\t two in*es & ?ree-qu>t]s squ>e 7int]ior measurem5t71 & six in*es 9 dep?4 ,iron mort>s %\ld h a v sub/antial foot ( wood4 ,if an iron mort> is employ$ = crack] m9es y mu/ h a wood5 =m] made1 ab\t two & a-half in*es squ>e & six in*es long1 on :i* to =m ! pap] bags t are to conta9 y\r p[d]1 crack]s1 c4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! cont5ts ( ^! bags is precisely ! same z t recomm5d$ = ! fill+ ( ! pa/ebo>d crack] mort>s1 except t ( c\rse a piece ( quick-mat* mu/ be left project+ f ! top ( ! bag by :i* ! :ole is fir$4 ,take especial notice t aft] plac+ ! p>cels ( crack]s 9 ! bags1 z direct$ above1 ! cotton :i* b9ds ea* p>cel mu/ be cut s z to lib]ate ! crack]s1 o!rwise y w h f\r p>cels ( crack]s in/ead ( tw5ty-f\r crack]s mak+ _! appe>ance at ! explosion ( y\r m9e4 ,9 ! page ( illu/rations1 fig4 #ajh repres5ts a section ( a pa/ebo>d s]p5t m9e2 aa1 ! f\nta9-case2 bb1 ! s]p5ts2 c1 ! meal-pad2 d1 ! packet ( p[d]2 ee1 ! mat* pass+ f ! f\nta9-case ?r\gh ! bundle ( s]p5ts2 f1 ! wood5 block at ! bottom ( ! mort>2 gg1 ! lid4 #aji repres5ts an iron s]p5t mort>4 #aaj repres5ts a m9e bag = fir+ f an iron mort>4 #aaa repres5ts ! arrangem5t ( crack]s 9 a crack] m9e4 ,! draw+ w be f\nd ab\t ! "r size1 & crack]s pack$ 9 ?is mann] _c fail to light4 ,,five-,,po9t$ ,,/>4 #fi4 ,! cases are made ^u ! same 8=m]0 on :i* ! qu>t]-p\nd rocket-cases are roll$4 ,!y consi/ ( a piece ( #gj-lb4 br[n pap] & a piece ( imp]ial bo>d4 ,! %eet ( br[n pap] is cut into /rips1 z repres5t$ 9 ! annex$ diagram1 by :i* x w be se5 t ea* %eet furni%es en\gh pap] = six cases4 ,! imp]ial bo>d %\ld be divid$1 z %[n 9 ! foll[+ sket*1 #aab1 into twelve equal /rips--?us3 s t two %eets ( #gj-lb4 br[n pap] & "o ( imp]ial bo>d w give mat]ial = "o doz5 cases = five-po9t$ />s4 ,! pap] & bo>d mu/ be well pa/$1 & ! roll+ bo>d us$ unsp>+ly1 z cases = ?is purpose _c be too /rong & h>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aab4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aac4 ,! common plan = fill+ ^! cases ) composition is simply to put !m on ! same settle on :i* qu>t]-p\nd t\rbillons are ramm$1 & to drive into ! l[] end ( !m ab\t half-an-in* ( clay1 v solid1 & to ram 9 ! composition ^u ?is until x rises to su* a height z w enable ! /> to burn z long z ! piece or pieces ) :i* x has to keep "t4 ,b ,i ?9k a mu* bett] plan is ! foll[+3--,procure a turn$ drift ( box1 or "s h>d wood1 ab\t five in*es long 9 its /raight "p1 ) an end z repres5t$ at fig4 #aac4 ,put a ladleful ( clay into ! case :5 x is ^u ! settle 7! ladle us$ = fill+ qu>t]-p\nd rockets is meant71 & drive d[n ! clay ) ! conical end ( ! drift1 by :i* means y w h a holl[ clay cone =m$ 9 ! end ( ! case4 ,n[ ram 9 y\r composition1 :i* may be made f ei!r ( ! foll[+ =mulas3-- ,,= ,,five-,,po9t$ ,,/>s4 ,no4 #a4 ,nitre #af p>ts4 ,sulphur #f ,meal-p[d] #d ,antimony #b ,no4 #b4 ,nitre #af ,sulphur #h ,meal-p[d] #f ,antimony #d ,no4 #c4 ,nitre #af ,sulphur #h ,meal-p[d] #d ,antimony #c ,x w be be/ to decide fir/ ( all :i* ( ^! compositions y pref]1 & to keep to t1 rememb]+ t five-po9t$ />s are nev] us$ s+ly1 b only z p>ts ( comp\nd pieces1 & t1 9 ord] to produce _! prop] effect1 !y ought to la/ j = a c]ta9 "t & no long]4 ,by keep+ to "o ( ! compositions giv5 above1 y w be able to "t !m bett]4 ,i _c give any directions = ! quantity ( composition to be driv5 9--?is mu/ dep5d entirely ^u ! "p :i* x is int5d$ t ! />s %\ld play 9 ! piece = :i* !y are made1 & c be decid$ only by actual exp]im5t4 ,! composition w n require to be driv5 v h>d4 ,y w by ?is "t be beg9n+ to wond] h[ a case fill$ 9 ! mann] describ$ above is to make a five-po9t$ />4 ,well1 !re is no great difficulty 9 a*iev+ ?is end4 ,provide y\rself ) a gimlet :i* w make a hole ab\t "o-eigh? ( an in* 9 diamet]1 or r m2 also ) a pair ( compasses ! legs ( :i* c be secur$ at c]ta9 di/ances f "o ano!r4 ,let ! po9ts ( ! compasses be exactly su* a di/ance ap>t t !y w repres5t "o-fif? ( ! ext]ior circumf]5ce ( ! case--t is1 s t !y w exactly g r\nd ! case 9 five /rides1 f9i%+ at ! po9t f :5ce !y />t$4 ,:5 y h ?us adju/$ y\r compasses1 make !m p]=m _! five-/age j\rney r\nd t "p ( ! case inside :i* is ! holl[ clay cone1 ab\t half-way betwe5 ! po9t & base ( ! cone1 & :]ev] ! po9ts ( ! compasses t\*1 !re make a m>k by press+ ! po9t into ! case4 ,y w ?us h divid$ ! circumf]5ce ( ! case into five equal p>ts4 ,n[ at ea* m>k made by ! compasses bore a hole g5tly ) y\r gimlet1 :i* %\ld be a %>p "o1 tak+ c>e t y only bore ?r\gh ! case & ! clay1 & di/urb ! composition z little z possible4 ,9 ord] to prime ! case1 fill ! holl[ at ! end ( x1 :i* 0 occupi$ by ! top ( ! settle1 ) wett$ meal-p[d]1 & :5 ?is is dry1 pass across x a piece ( b>e quick-mat*1 ! ends ( :i* %\ld be long en\gh to be tuck$ into two ( ! gimlet-holes1 & :i* w convey ! fire f ! prim+ to ! composition inside ! case4 ,!n cut "s pieces ( ?9 pap] 7su* z d\ble cr[n7 ?ree in*es wide1 & long en\gh to g twice r\nd ! case1 & pa/e "o ( ^! on ! case j bel[ ! gimlet-holes1 s t ! pap] cov]s up gimlet-holes1 prim+1 mat*1 & all1 & projects an in* & a-half or !reab\ts beyond ! prim$ end ( ! case4 ,?is project+ pap] s]ves to conta9 ! end ( ! encas$ mat* :i* is to connect ! five-po9t$ /> ) o!r pieces4 ,! be/ me?od ( fix+ ^! />s on ! frames = :i* !y are requir$ is to h project+ f ! frames wood5 pegs ( su* a size t ! unprim$ end ( ! case c be squeez$ tightly ov] !m or glu$ on to !m4 ,i %\ld h /at$ t :5 ! prop] am\nt ( composition has be5 ins]t$1 a little clay %\ld be driv5 on ! top ( x = ! sake ( security1 & !re %\ld be n less ?an ?ree-qu>t]s ( an in* ( unoccupi$ case beyond ?is clay4 ,into ?is unoccupi$ space ! pegs m5tion$ above %\ld be fix$4 ,five-po9t$ />-cases mu/1 ( c\rse1 be plac$ horizontally1 ) _! prim$ end t[>ds ! spectators2 & :5 fir$ !y w1 or %\ld1 pres5t an appe>ance ( ?is k9d1 ! burn+ composition protrud+ its tongues ( :ite flame ?r\gh ! holes made by ! gimlet4 ,9 y\r anxiety n to di/urb ! composition ) ! gimlet1 d n run into ! o!r extreme1 & leave ! clay unbor$4 ,& see t !re is suffici5t clay beyond ! po9t ( ! cone to prev5t ! combu/ion f f9d+ v5t !re4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aad4 ,! object ( ! conical clay head to ! case is t ! fire may n burn ! holes l>g]4 ,if ! holes 7 simply bor$ ?r\gh ! pap] case !y w\ld be burnt mu* l>g] ?an !y 7 orig9ally made4 ,nev]!less1 if x be ?\ght too tr\blesome to make ! holl[ clay cones1 z ,i h sugge/$1 a v fair five-po9t$ /> may be made by driv+ 9 a flat end ( clay1 & bor+ j bel[ x into ! composition4 ,x is possible to make ! cases = five-po9t$ />s ( iron tub+1 su* z ord9>y gas-tub+1 ab\t ! same size 9 bore z ! pap] cases1 ! manufacture ( :i* ,i h describ$ above4 ,half-a-doz5 iron cases1 op5 at bo? ends1 ) ! five holes drill$ at equal di/ances r\nd _! circumf]5ce1 & ab\t an in* f ! end1 w be f\nd v h&y1 because !y are inde/ructible1 c be us$ any numb] ( times1 & aft] use h only to be laid 9 hot wat]1 & !y c be wa%$ z clean z :5 new4 ,x w be necess>y to tie some?+ r\nd ! holes :ile ! composition is be+ driv5 94 ,! ends1 ( c\rse1 are made ) clay4 ,b let me "h caution y to be v c>eful 9 ! use ( iron cases4 ,if quick] compositions ?an ^? giv5 above are employ$1 !re is dang] ( ! case be+ bl[n to pieces4 ,if ?is %\ld happ5 x w\ld result 9 ! mo/ s]i\s injury to any "o :o might be 9 its way4 ,& !re=e x w be advisable1 if y ?9k ( us+ iron cases1 to fire y\r exp]im5tal five-po9t$ /> at a great di/ance f :]e y /&1 tak+ c>e t no "o is ne> x4 ,x w probably g well2 b !re is a risk att5d+ ! use ( iron cases :i* makes !m less safe ?an ^? made ( pap] & bo>d4 ,i tru/ t ^! directions w enable y to prep>e a satisfactory five-po9t$ />4 ,x n[ rema9s = me to furni% y ) "s designs = exhibition pieces1 & to describe ! mann] 9 :i* !y are to be made up4 ,,exhibition ,,pieces4 #gj4 ,if x be ?\ght desirable to h ready a v>iety ( frames :i* c be fitt$ up at a mod]ately %ort notice1 "s ( ! foll[+ w be f\nd useful1 & capable ( be+ m\nt$ ) fireworks 9 _m effective ways3-- ,9 ! fir/ place !re is ! l>ge v]tical :eel1 ! frame ( :i* is describ$ at fig4 #aae4 ,?is %\ld be n less ?an f\r feet 9 diamet]1 & %\ld turn on an iron sp9dle made ( ?ree-eigh?s ( an in* rod4 ,! foll[+ is a good useful sort ( sp9dle = l>ge :eels 7fig4 #aaf71 be+ v /eady & easily fix$ to y\r po/4 ,,aa repres5ts ! po/1 :i* %\ld be t5 feet out ( ! gr\nd4 ,,bb repres5ts ! sp9dle1 :i* has an iron coll> at ,c & a l>ge ?umbscrew at ,,dd4 ,! coll> is fix$ to ! sp9dle1 & is plac$ aga9/ ! face ( ! po/4 ,! ?umbscrew is screw$ up tightly at ! back ( ! po/1 & keeps ! sp9dle firmly 9 position4 ,! o!r end ( ! sp9dle may be 8tapp$0 = a %ort di/ance1 & h a small 8nut0 to fit x1 9 ord] to keep ! :eel f work+ (f2 ?is1 h[ev]1 is n ( mu* importance1 z a piece ( cork ti$ on w d z well4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #aaf4 ,! :eel %\ld h a nave ( h>d wood1 ?r\gh :i* a hole is bor$ to admit ! sp9dle4 ,& 9 ! case ( all v]tical :eels1 x %\ld be borne 9 m9d t !y w revolve mu* m lightly & easily if ! sp9dle does n t\* ! wood ( ! nave at all1 b works ?r\gh two iron or brass plates1 fa/5$ "o on ! back & ! o!r on ! front ( ! nave1 & hav+ holes drill$ 9 !m ( a size prop] to admit ! sp9dle )\t too mu* 8play40 ,! work+ ( a l>ge :eel w be v mu* m satisfactory if ?is plan be adopt$1 & ! wood ( ! nave be n all[$ to t\* ! sp9dle at all4 ,= a :eel ( f\r feet 9 diamet] !re %\ld be six spokes1 to ! ends ( :i* is fa/5$ a /rong a% or bee*wood hoop4 ,!re %\ld also be ano!r wood5 hoop six in*es ne>] to ! c5tre ( ! :eel1 z is %[n at fig4 #aae4 ,! pieces ) :i* ,i h !re repres5t$ ! :eel z fitt$ up are z foll[3-- a a a a are twelve brilliant report$ 8fix$ cases10 :i*1 z w be rememb]$1 are cases hav+ an int]ior bore ( sev5-sixte5?s ( an in*1 & report$ ) a gun-*>ge ( p[d] at _! end1 & fill$ ) brilliant fire4 ,ea* ( ^! is fa/5$ to ! two out] wood5 hoops at a slight angle1 & all _! m\?s are connect$ ) quick-mat*1 ! end ( :i* is to be br\ght to ! bottom ( ! :eel & ti$ to ! po/ :i* c>ries ! :eel4 ,?is ty+ w h ! effect ( /eady+ ! :eel until ! "t arrives = fir+ ! fix$ cases4 ,b ,b ,b ,b are six triangle :eels1 ! turn+ cases ( :i* are fill$ ) brilliant fire1 & c>ry+ ea* a col\r4 ,! cases ne$ n be l>g] 9 diamet] ?an ! 8fix$ cases0 m5tion$ above4 ,9 my sket* ,i h describ$ !m z d\ble triangle :eels1 b ! arti/ mu/ decide = himself :e!r !y %all be d\ble or s+le--i4e41 :e!r !y %all h six or ?ree cases apiece4 ,9 front ( ! nave ( ! :eel is plac$ a mu* small] v]tical :eel 7,c7 on ! same sp9dle4 ,?is may be made to c>ry six turn+ cases ( brilliant fire1 & z _m col\rs z y ?9k prop]4 ,! cases may be made to burn s+ly or d\bly 7i4e41 two cases at a "t ^u opposite sides ( ! :eel74 ,suppos+ ! :eel repres5t$ at fig4 #aae to be m\nt$ ) "o small] c5tral v]tical :eel1 ) six cases & col\rs1 six small brilliant s+le triangle :eels ) col\rs & twelve brilliant report$ fix$ cases1 ! way 9 :i* x %\ld be fir$ is ?is3--,connect toge!r by quick-mat* all ! s+le triangle :eels1 & let ! end ( ?is mat* be secur$ :]e x c be f\nd ) read9ess1 & :]e also x is out ( ! rea* ( sp>ks4 ,i w n[ suppose ! cases on ! c5tral :eel to burn s+ly1 9 :i* case fire-- #a/ly4 ,! c5tral :eel1 & :5 ?ree ( its cases are all b burnt out1 put y\r portfire to-- #bndly4 ,! mat* :i* is to />t ! six s+le triangle :eels4 ,:5 ^! are half burn$ out 7i4e41 :5 ab\t a case & a-half is consum$ on ea*7 fire-- #crdly4 ,! quick-mat* :i* connects all ! report$ fix$ cases on ! circumf]5ce ( ! :eel1 & y w !n h a revolv+ piece ( fire ne>ly twelve feet 9 diamet]1 ( :i* ! sket* at fig4 #aai is int5d$ to give y an idea4 ,! framework ( ?is piece is1 z y w at once see1 capable ( be+ fitt$ up 9 _m o!r ways4 ,= in/ance1 in/ead ( triangle :eels1 y might use ,saxons2 in/ead ( a c5tral illum9at$ v]tical :eel1 y might h a six-po9t$ /> 9 :ite lance-"w4 ,9 fact1 !re is h>dly any limit to ! v>iety :i* might be produc$ if ! arti/ w only acqua9t himself ) ! value & adaptability ( ! s+le pieces :i* are treat$ ( 9 ! =m] numb]s ( ?is s]ies ( pap]s4 ,we n[ come to ! la/ page ( illu/rations1 :]e is describ$ a set-piece kn[n by ! "n ( ! lattice-"w piece 7fig4 #aba74 ,?is may be made ei!r ) #bd brilliant report$ fix$ cases & #f col\r$ fires1 or ) #cf fix$ cases & #i col\r$ fires4 ,! sket* is made to repres5t ! arrangem5t z x %\ld be = #cf cases & #i col\rs4 ,if us$ ) only #bd cases1 & #f col\rs or five-po9t$ />s1 x w be a l>ge piece1 & q effective en\gh = a display ( ord9>y pret5sions4 ,x is made by fa/5+ brilliant report$ fix$ cases to squ>es ( wood1 & fix+ ^! squ>es at equal di/ances f "o ano!r1 s t ! fire f ! cases repres5ts lattice-"w4 ,provide = ?is purpose z _m squ>es z y require1 half-an-in* ?ick & sev5 in*es squ>e4 ,to ea* ( ^! fa/5 ! report$ ends ( f\r brilliant fix$ cases by bor+ holes on ea* side ( ! cases ?r\gh ! wood1 & fa/5+ !m by means ( wire or /r+ 9 _! places4 ,9 ! c5tre ( ea* squ>e fa/5 ei!r a col\r$ case or a five-po9t$ />4 ,ea* squ>e1 :5 m\nt$1 w be l ! adjo9+ sket*4 ,illu/ration3 ,fig4 #abj4 ,! di/ance f "o ano!r at :i* ^! wood5 squ>es %\ld be fix$ mu/ dep5d ^u individual ta/e2 y mu/ rememb] t ! f>!r ap>t y fix y\r upright po/s 9 ! gr\nd ! long] ! po/s mu/ be1 z y _c spread ! piece sideways )\t increas+ its height1 ,a good di/ance ap>t = ! po/s w be ?ree feet six in*es4 ,if ?is di/ance be obs]v$1 & n9e squ>es are us$1 y w require po/s at lea/ fifte5 feet out ( ! gr\nd2 b if six squ>es are us$1 :i* ,i ?9k y w f9d effective en\gh1 po/s twelve feet out ( ! gr\nd w be suffici5tly high4 ,at fig4 #aba y w see t1 = additional effect1 ,i h plac$ at ! top ( ! two side-po/s l>ge g]bes4 ,i %\ld make ^! c]ta9ly n small] ?an ! qu>t]-p\nd size1 & z long z ! fix$ cases employ$4 ,fill !m )-- ,meal-p[d] #c p>ts4 ,iron bor+s #a "p4 ,^! g]bes mu/ be connect$ by quick-mat* ) ! squ>es :i* are on ! same po/s ) !m4 ,at ! top ( ! c5tral po/ ,i %\ld place ei!r a 8simple horizontal0 or a 8caprici\s0 :eel1 ! manufacture ( :i* ,i describ$ 9 my pap] on :eels4 ,! caprici\s :eel w be ! mo/ effective4 ,9 ord] to prep>e ! piece = fir+1 br+ all ! pieces ( mat* :i* are to convey ! fire to ! brilliant squ>es & g]bes to a po9t 9 ! c5tre ( ! piece1 leav+ !m long en\gh to be ti$ toge!r 9 a bundle r\nd ! case ( ! mat*4 ,beyond ! po9t :]e ! mat*-cases are all ti$ toge!r leave at lea/ six in*es ( ea* quick-mat* b>e1 & tie ^! b>e pieces toge!r 9 "o or two places4 ,unless ?is precaution is tak51 "s ( y\r squ>es w h a good *ance ( n be+ fir$ at all4 ,b by ?is means !y c h>dly misfire4 ,! object is to give all ! b>e-ends ( mat* "t to take fire be=e ! fire rea*es ! cov]$ "p ( any ( ! mat*es4 ,fig4 #aba w give y "s idea z to :at ! lattice-"w piece %\ld look l be=e x is fir$4 ,to fire x1 light fir/ ! piece ( quick-mat* :i* hangs f ! caprici\s :eel4 ,:5 f\r cases on ?is :eel are burnt out1 light ! collect$ ends ( quick-mat* 9 ! c5tre ( ! lattice-"w4 ,^! ends mu/ on no acc\nt be expos$ until !y are to be fir$2 !re=e "s pap] mu/ be wrapp$ r\nd !m1 :i* c easily be remov$4 ,at once y\r brilliant cases1 />s1 & g]bes w be ignit$1 & w burn :ile ! rema9d] 7:i* is ! be/ "p7 ( ! caprici\s :eel is go+ ?r\gh its revolutions4 ,y w !n1 if all goes "r1 h su* a piece z is repres5t$ at fig4 #abb4 ,my next illu/ration %[s a simple b beautiful piece1 hav+ = its c5tre a :eel su* z ,i h describ$ 9 my pap]s on col\r$ lights1 lances1 c41 & consi/+ ( f\r d\ble triangles execut$ 9 :ite lances1 & a l>ge f\r-po9t$ /> 9 brilliant fire4 ,fig4 #abc repres5ts ! framework m\nt$1 z x appe>s be=e fir+4 ,?is framework is simply f\r arms1 made ( deal1 & fa/5$ into a solid c5tre2 ! arms may be five feet long4 ,at ! extremities ( ^! arms are fa/5$ f\r d\ble triangles made ( deal la? or any light mat]ial4 ,^u ^! little frames fa/5 :ite lances1 by driv+ 9 %ort pieces ( iron-wire into ! woodwork1 & aft] bor+ ! clos$ end ( ! lances ) a v small awl1 /ick+ a lance ^u e wire-p9 ) ! mixture ( glue & r$ lead recomm5d$ 9 =m] pap]s4 ,!n clo! ! d\ble triangles ) quick-mat* 9 ! usual way1 & connect !m all4 ,9 ! next place fa/5 on ea* ( ! arms1 at a suitable di/ance f ! c5tre ( ! piece1 two report$ brilliant fix$ cases1 9 ! mann] indicat$ 9 ! sket*2 clo! ^! ) mat*1 & connect !m4 ,= ! c5tre ( ! piece take ! :eel ) dangl+ col\rs1 expla9$ "u ! head ( col\r$ lights1 & fit x up c>efully4 ,! piece w ?us be ready to be fix$ to its po/4 ,to d ?is y w require an iron sp9dle some?+ l ! "o ,i h recomm5d$ = ! f\r-feet v]tical :eel1 ) ?is diff]5ce--t ! framework ( our pres5t piece mu/ n revolve1 b rema9 /ation>y2 ! c5tre :eel alone is to revolve1 :i* x w d well en\gh on su* a sp9dle4 ,b rememb] t all v]tical :eels us$ z c5tres to l>ge pieces mu/ be br\ght well =w>d be=e ! re/ ( ! piece1 o!rwise ! sp>ks f !m w fire ! o!r p>ts be=e _! "t4 ,i w n[ suppose t y h ! piece repres5t$ at fig4 #abc4 ,y mu/ fir/ />t ! c5tral :eel1 :i* %\ld be connect$ by mat* ) ! triangles at ! extremities ( ! arms4 ,^! w !n burn toge!r until a case & a-half ( ! c5tral :eel is consum$1 at :i* "t /rike 9 ! eight brilliant fix$ cases1 & ?is done y\r piece w take ! =m repres5t$ at fig4 #abd4 ,we n[ come to ! la/ ( my designs1 by :i* is repres5t$ at fig4 #aag a l>ge set-piece wor?y ( prov+ a f9ale to any exhibition1 & at ! same "t by no means difficult ( prep>ation4 ,! framework ( ?is piece consi/s ( a solid wood5 c5tre1 into :i* are secur$ six arms made ( deal1 9 su* a mann] t !y are l ! spokes ( a l>ge :eel 9 _! arrangem5t4 ,! arms = ?is piece1 & = t repres5t$ 9 fig4 #abc1 %\ld be five feet 9 l5g?1 two in*es 9 wid?1 & an in* full 9 ?ickness4 ,= ! sake ( economy ,i ?9k y w f9d x well to make "o c5tre d = bo? ^! pieces1 by hav+ grooves cut 9 "o side ( x to hold six arms1 & 9 ! o!r side = f\r1 z y w\ld nev] require bo? ^! pieces 9 ! same exhibition4 ,! grooves 9 my framework are ab\t half-an-in* deep on ea* side ( a circul> flat c5tre ( oak1 two in*es 9 ?ickness & twelve in*es 9 diamet]2 !y imp>t great] /ead9ess to ! arms ?an c\ld be ga9$ by screws alone4 ,s mu* = ! framework1 :i* y w see is1 :5 put toge!r1 t5 feet 9 diamet]1 & c always be tak5 to pieces = ! purpose ( economis+ space4 ,if y h six arms made1 y c use ei!r f\r or all ( !m at pleasure4 ,n[ = ! pieces ) :i* ?is framework is to be m\nt$4 ,9 ! c5tre !re %\ld be a l>ge d\ble triangle frame1 m\nt$ ) :ite or col\r$ lances4 ,! six la?s ( :i* ?is framework %\ld be made %\ld be ea* ?ree feet six in*es long1 & ab\t five-eigh?s ( an in* squ>e4 ,! lances plac$ ^u !m %\ld be n less ?an ?ree & a-half in*es ap>t4 ,^! mu/ all1 ( c\rse1 be connect$ by quick-mat*4 ,! six angles ( ! d\ble triangle %\ld re/ ^u ! six spokes ( ! framework ( ! piece4 ,at a di/ance ( an in* or two outside ea* angle %\ld be fix$ a five-po9t$ />1 & close to x two brilliant report$ fix$ cases1 :i* mu/ be connect$ by quick-mat*1 & fa/5$ at su* an angle ) ! framework t _! fires may meet at a po9t betwe5 ! six triangle :eels1 :i*1 la/ly1 are to be plac$ at ! extremities ( ! long arms4 ,! cases on ^! :eels are to be fill$ ) brilliant fire1 & ea* :eel is to c>ry a col\r 9 its c5tre4 ,to fire ?is piece beg9 ) ! c5tral d\ble triangle1 & :5 ?is is well-light$1 fire ! six triangle :eels & five-po9t$ />s1 & :5 "o case ( ! triangle :eels is consum$1 fire ! twelve brilliant fix$ cases1 & y\r piece w be ( ! %ape giv5 at fig4 #aah4 ,) ?is piece ,i close my 8,pap]s on ,pyrote*ny40 ,i tru/ t ,i h left no?+ unsaid :i* c\ld make ! directions giv5 = ^! pieces m cle>1 & ,i hope t _m an amateur w soon h arriv$ at su* a /ate ( pr(ici5cy z w enable him n only to prep>e su* pieces z ^!1 b any v>iation ^u !m4 ,no piece %\ld be us$ z a f9ale to any exhibition unaccompani$ by two batt]ies ( ,roman c&les conta9+ col\r$ />s4 ,^! s-call$ 8batt]ies0 consi/ simply ( f\r1 six1 or any numb] ( ,roman c&les fa/5$ to upright po/s at su* an angle t !y may ?r[ _! />s ov] ! c5tre ( ! piece f ea* side ( x4 ,any numb] ( s]p5t or crack] m9es t c be br\ght to be> :ile ! f9ale is 9 full =ce w greatly enhance ! effect1 if fir$ f beh9d x4 ,9 conclusion ,i believe t1 9 any village ev51 7 any "o to manife/ a desire to become a successful pyrote*ni/1 & to int]e/ 8 intellig5t neighb\rs 9 8 adopt$ art1 he w\ld f9d t 9 mo/ cases !y w\ld l5d a h&1 & %[ an activity 9 ! prep>ation ( a public exhibition to a degree :i* no "o :o has n tri$ ! exp]im5t w\ld anticipate4 ,_m a long ev5+ might be %ort5$ by discussion ) ! artisans ( ! place z to ! be/ mode ( mak+ :at is usually kn[n z a 8gr& fl>e-up0 = ,*ri/mas ,eve or ,new ,ye>'s ,eve4 ,& if ,i am n v mu* mi/ak51 su* a discussion w\ld prove at lea/ z int]e/+ to any inquir+ m9d z ! v desultory & que/ionable s\rce ( in=mation commonly call$ ,p5ny ,read+s1 at :i* x is ! fa%ion to spoil s mu* good writ+ by bad read+1 & s mu* good music by bad s++4 ,x _c b be evid5t t any exhibition ( fireworks 9 a place mu/ be to a c]ta9 ext5t public2 all :o c w d _! utmo/ to get _! *9s above ! level ( ! walls or f5ces :i* are int5d$ to make any exhibition private2 & q rightly too1 9 my op9ion4 ,?\gh no long] a boy1 ,i %\ld d ! same n[1 unless ,i _h reason to believe t ! 8gr& display0 0 ab\t to consi/ ( a c]ta9 numb] ( doz5s ( squibs1 crack]s1 & p9 :eels1 fir$ z fa/ z circum/ances w all[1 consid]+ ! numb] ( times t ! lant]n is bl[n out by ! incauti\s application ( "o or o!r ( ! above-nam$ combu/ibles to its flame4 ,9 ! case ( exp]im5ts1 :i* mu/ be made be=e e exhibition1 ,i ?9k t ! m private "o c keep !m ! bett]4 ,b if !re is to be an exhibition1 :y n let e "o :o c1 n only see x1 b give assi/ance 9 its prep>ation8 ,y w by ?is means n only insure a mu* m real int]e/ 9 y\r success1 b ga9 ! satisfaction ( hav+ prov$ to _m an intellig5t villag] ! important tru? t he is capable ( do+ some?+ = :i* he _h nev] suspect$ ! slighte/ capability4 ,^! h9ts ,i ?r[ out m]ely z sugge/ions4 ,!y h be5 act$ on ) ! mo/ satisfactory results1 & ,i feel sure t !y may be turn$ to acc\nt2 b ev]y?+ w dep5d1 ( c\rse1 ^u ! mann] 9 :i* ! plan is work$ out1 & ! _s felt by ^? ^: aid x is propos$ to engage4 ,i ne$ only add to ^! rem>ks t if x c be %[n t my "w has done any?+ t[>ds mak+ pyrote*nic recreation m g5]al1 reasonable1 & possible ?an x has hi!rto be51 ,i %all consid] myself amply rew>d$ = ! "t t has be5 sp5t 7mu* to my own gratification7 9 mak+ & record+ ! results ( my exp]im5ts4 ,,! ,,end4 ,illu/ration3 ,fleuron ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes ,typos fix$2 non-/&>d spell+ & dialect reta9$4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4