,,mcrp #c-ja;,b ,pi/ol ,m>ksman%ip ,illu/ration ,u4,s4 ,m>9e ,corps ,,di/ribution ,,/atem5t ,a3 ,approv$ = public release2 di/ribution is unlimit$4 ,,pcn #add #jjjach #jj ,to ,our ,read]s ,*anges3 ,read]s ( ?is publication are enc\rag$ to submit sugge/ions & *anges t w improve x4 ,recomm5dations may be s5t directly to ,comm&+ ,g5]al1 ,m>9e ,corps ,combat ,developm5t ,comm&1 ,doctr9e ,division 7,c #db71 #ccjj ,russell ,road1 ,suite #cah;,a1 ,quantico1 ,,va #bbacd-ejba or by fax to #gjc-ghd-biag 7,,dsn #bgh-biag7 or by ,e-mail to morgannmccdc4usmc4mil4 ,recomm5dations %\ld include ! foll[+ in=mation3 ,location ( *ange ,publication numb] & title ,curr5t page numb] ,p>agraph numb] 7if applicable7 ,l9e numb] ,figure or table numb] 7if applicable7 ,nature ( *ange ,add1 delete ,propos$ new text1 pref]ably d\ble-spac$ & typewritt5 ,ju/ification &_/or s\rce ( *ange ,additional copies3 ,a pr9t$ copy ( ?is publication may be obta9$ f ,m>9e ,corps ,logi/ics ,base1 ,albany1 ,,ga #cagjd-ejja1 by foll[+ ! in/ructions 9 ,m,c,bul #efjj1 ,m>9e ,corps ,doctr9al ,publications ,/atus4 ,an electronic copy may be obta9$ f ! ,doctr9e ,division1 ,,mccdc1 _w wide web home page :i* is f\nd at ! foll[+ univ]sal ref]5ce locator3 http3_/_/www4doctr9e4usmc4mil4 ,unless o!rwise /at$1 :5ev] ! mascul9e g5d] is us$1 bo? m5 & wom5 are includ$4 ,,dep>tm5t ,,( ,,! ,,navy ,headqu>t]s ,unit$ ,/ates ,m>9e ,corps ,wa%+ton1 ,d4,c4 #bjchj-agge #be ,novemb] #bjjc ,,=eword ,m>9es mu/ h ! v]satility1 flexibility1 & skills to deal ) any situation at any level ( int5sity across ! entire range ( milit>y op]ations4 ,:5ev] ! situation w>rants ! application ( deadly =ce1 a ,m>9e mu/ be able to deliv] well-aim$ %ots to elim9ate ! ?reat4 ,a ,m>9e :o is pr(ici5t 9 pi/ol m>ksman%ip h&les ?is *all5ge )\t escalat+ ! level ( viol5ce or caus+ unnecess>y collat]al damage4 ,x is n en\gh to simply provide ,m>9es ) ! be/ available fire>ms2 we mu/ also ensure t _! tra9+ prep>es !m to deliv] accurate fire aga9/ ! enemy "u ! mo/ adv]se conditions )\t hesitancy1 fe>1 or unc]ta9ty ( action4 ,a well-tra9$ ,m>9e is confid5t t he c protect himself1 accompli% ! mission1 & protect 8 fell[ ,m>9es4 ,to be combat ready1 a ,m>9e mu/ be skill$ 9 ! tactics1 te*niques1 & proc$ures ( pi/ol m>ksman%ip & dilig5t 9 ! prop] c>e & ma9t5ance ( ! ,m#i1 #i-mm s]vice pi/ol4 ,m>9e ,corps ,ref]5ce ,publication 7,,mcrp7 #c-ja;,b1 ,pi/ol ,m>ksman%ip1 is ! ,m>9e ,corps' s\rce docum5t = pi/ol m>ksman%ip & provides ! doctr9al basis = ,m>9e ,corps pi/ol m>ksman%ip tra9+4 ,?is publication provides all ,m>9es arm$ ) a pi/ol ) ! tactics1 te*niques1 & proc$ures = range & field fir+ ! ,m#i1 #i-mm s]vice pi/ol4 ,,mcrp #c-ja;,b sup]s$es ! discussion ( pi/ol m>ksman%ip 9 ,fleet ,m>9e ,=ce ,manual 7,,fmfm7 #j-h1 ,basic ,m>ksman%ip4 ,review$ & approv$ ?is date4 ,,by ,,direction ,,( ,,! ,,comm&ant ,,( ,,! ,,m>9e ,,corps ,,edw>d ,,hanlon1 ,,jr4 ,lieut5ant ,g5]al1 ,u4,s4 ,m>9e ,corps ,comm&+ ,g5]al ,m>9e ,corps ,combat ,developm5t ,comm& ,publication ,control ,numb]3 #add #jjjach #jj ,di/ribution ,a3 ,approv$ = public release2 di/ribution is unlimit$4 ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,*apt] #a4 ,! ,m#i ,s]vice ,pi/ol ,functional ,capabilities #a-a ,s+le-,action ,mode #a-a ,d\ble-,action ,mode #a-a ,nom5clature #a-a ,major ,compon5ts #a-a ,slide ,assembly #a-a ,safety ,features #a-c ,decock+_/,safety ,lev] #a-c ,fir+ ,p9 ,block #a-c ,half-,cock ,not* #a-d ,cycle ( ,op]ation #a-d ,fir+ #a-d ,unlock+ #a-d ,extract+ #a-d ,eject+ #a-d ,cock+ #a-e ,fe$+ #a-e ,*amb]+ #a-e ,lock+ #a-e ,ammunition #a-f ,we>+ ( ! ,m#i ,s]vice ,pi/ol's ,ge> #a-f ,m#ab ,hol/] #a-f ,m#a ,ammunition ,pocket #a-g ,m#g ,%\ld] ,hol/] #a-g ,assault ,hol/] #a-g ,conceal$ ,pi/ol ,hol/] #a-g ,lany>d #a-aj ,fir+ ! ,m#i ,s]vice ,pi/ol ,:ile ,we>+ ,gloves #a-aj ,prev5tive ,ma9t5ance #a-aa ,pi/ol ,disassembly #a-aa ,disassembly ( ! ,magaz9e #a-ab ,inspection ( ! ,pi/ol #a-ac ,clean+ & ,lubricat+ ! ,pi/ol #a-ac ,pi/ol ,re-assembly #a-ad ,pi/ol ,magaz9e ,re-assembly #a-ad ,safety_/,function ,*eck #a-ad ,us] ,s]viceability ,inspection #a-ae ,pi/ol ,ma9t5ance 9 ,adv]se ,conditions #a-ae ,extreme ,cold #a-ae ,hot1 ,wet ,climates #a-ae ,hot1 ,dry ,climates #a-af ,heavy ,ra9 & ,=d+ ,op]ations #a-af ,amphibi\s ,conditions #a-af ,*apt] #b4 ,weapons ,h&l+ ,safety ,rules #b-a ,weapons ,conditions #b-b ,det]m9+ a ,weapon's ,condition #b-b ,*eck+ ! ,r\nd ,indicator #b-b ,conduct+ a ,*amb] ,*eck #b-b ,weapons ,comm&s #b-c ,load+ ! ,pi/ol #b-d ,mak+ ! ,pi/ol ,ready #b-e ,fire #b-e ,cease ,fire #b-f ,unload+ ! ,pi/ol #b-f ,unload+ & ,%[+ ! ,pi/ol ,cle> #b-g ,empty+ ! ,magaz9e #b-g ,fill+ ! ,magaz9e #b-g ,reload+ ! ,pi/ol #b-h ,dry ,reload #b-h ,condition #a ,reload #b-aa ,reload+ ,consid]ations #b-ab ,rem$ial ,action #b-ac ,/oppage #b-ac ,malfunction #b-ac ,rem$ial ,action #b-ac ,audible ,pop or ,r$uc$ ,recoil #b-ad ,weapons ,c>ries #b-ae ,al]t #b-ae ,ready #b-af ,weapons ,transports #b-af ,hol/] ,transport #b-af ,adm9i/rative ,transport #b-ag ,combat ,m9dset #b-ag ,physical & ,m5tal ,prep>ation #b-ah ,?reat ,levels #b-ah ,transf]r+ ! ,pi/ol #b-ai ,%[ ,cle> ,transf] #b-ai ,condition ,unkn[n ,transf] #b-bj ,*apt] #c4 ,fundam5tals ( ,pi/ol ,m>ksman%ip ,aim+ #c-a ,sight ,alignm5t #c-a ,e/abli%+ ,sight ,alignm5t #c-a ,sight ,picture #c-a ,relation%ip ,betwe5 ! ,eye & ! ,sights #c-b ,trigg] ,control #c-b ,sight ,alignm5t & ,trigg] ,control #c-b ,grip #c-b ,trigg] ,f+] ,placem5t #c-c ,types ( ,trigg] ,control #c-c ,brea? ,control #c-c ,application ( ,m>ksman%ip ,fundam5tals 9 ,field ,fir+ #c-c ,compression ( ,fundam5tals #c-c ,aim+ #c-d ,trigg] ,control #c-d ,brea? ,control #c-d ,*apt] #d4 ,pi/ol ,fir+ ,positions & ,grip ,pi/ol ,fir+ ,position #d-a ,mobility #d-a ,obs]vation ( ! ,enemy #d-a ,/ability #d-a ,pi/ol ,fir+ ,grip #d-b ,be=e ,fir+3 ,/abilize ! ,sights #d-b ,dur+ ,fir+3 ,all[ ,trigg] ,control #d-b ,aft] ,fir+3 ,manage ,recoil #d-b ,)draw+ ! ,pi/ol ,f ! ,hol/] #d-c ,weav] & ,isosceles ,v>iations #d-d ,/&+ ,position #d-e ,weav] ,/&+ ,position #d-e ,isosceles ,/&+ ,position #d-g ,kneel+ ,position #d-g ,weav] ,kneel+ ,position #d-h ,isosceles ,kneel+ ,position #d-i ,prone ,position #d-aj ,weav] ,prone ,position #d-aj ,isosceles ,prone ,position #d-ab ,natural ,body ,alignm5t #d-ac ,*apt] #e4 ,use ( ,cov] & ,concealm5t ,cov] ,mat]ials #e-a ,dirt #e-a ,c9d] ,blocks #e-a ,trees1 ,logs1 & ,telephone ,poles #e-a ,s&bags #e-a ,consid]ations = ,fir+ ,f ,cov] #e-b ,adju/+ ! ,fir+ ,position #e-b ,apply+ ! ,weav] & ,isosceles ,v>iations #e-b ,keep+ ! ,body ,beh9d ,cov] #e-b ,provid+ ,support = ! ,position & ! ,pi/ol #e-c ,*ang+ ,positions #e-e ,mov+ #e-e ,support$ ,fir+ ,positions #e-e ,support$ ,prone #e-f ,support$ ,kneel+ #e-f ,support$ ,/&+ #e-f ,locate & ,engage ,t>gets ,f ,beh9d ,cov] #e-g ,pie ,te*nique #e-g ,roll\t ,te*nique #e-h ,comb9+ ! ,pie & ,roll\t ,te*niques #e-h ,*apt] #f4 ,pres5tation ( ! ,m#i ,s]vice ,pi/ol ,sight ,alignm5t_/,sight ,picture #f-a ,pres5tation ,f ! ,c>ries & ,hol/]s #f-a ,pres5tation ,f ! ,ready #f-a ,pres5tation ,f ! ,al]t #f-a ,pres5tation ,f a ,hol/] ,transport #f-b ,pres5tation ,:ile ,assum+ ! ,kneel+ ,position #f-g ,f ! ,ready #f-g ,f ! ,al]t 7,arms ,/raight7 #f-g ,f ! ,al]t 7,close ,qu>t]s1 ,elb[s ,b5t7 #f-h ,f ! ,hol/] ,transport #f-h ,pres5tation ,:ile ,assum+ ! ,prone ,position #f-h ,isosceles ,prone #f-h ,weav] ,prone #f-h ,se>* & ,assess #f-h ,*apt] #g4 ,pi/ol ,engagem5t ,te*niques ,t>get ,detection #g-a ,movem5t #g-a ,s\nd #g-a ,improp] ,cam\flage #g-a ,te*niques ( ,fire #g-b ,d\ble & ,s+le ,action ,fir+ #g-b ,s+le ,action or ,d\ble ,action ,fir+ ,factors #g-b ,two-,%ot ,te*nique #g-c ,sl[ ,fire ,te*nique #g-c ,re-engagem5t ,te*niques #g-c ,sl[ ,fire ,te*nique #g-c ,two-,%ot ,te*nique #g-d ,(fset ,aim+ #g-d ,multiple ,t>gets #g-d ,combat ,m9dset #g-d ,prioritiz+ ,t>gets #g-e ,engag+ ,multiple ,t>gets #g-e ,mov+ ,t>gets #g-f ,types ( ,mov+ ,t>gets #g-f ,leads = ,mov+ ,t>gets #g-g ,me?ods ( ,engagem5t #g-g ,apply+ ! ,fundam5tals ( ,m>ksman%ip #g-h ,*apt] #h4 ,"o-,h&$ ,te*niques ,pres5tation & ,%oot+ #h-a ,adju/m5t ( ! ,/&+ ,position #h-a ,se>*+ & ,assess+ ,aft] ,fir+ #h-b ,reload+ #h-b ,dry ,reload #h-b ,condition #a ,reload #h-d ,rem$ial ,action #h-e ,pres5tation ,f ! ,hol/] ,) ! ,weak ,h& #h-g ,me?od ,"o3 ,pi/ol ,rotation #h-g ,me?od ,two3 ,h& ,rotation #h-h ,me?od ,?ree3 ,knee ,placem5t #h-i ,transf]r+ ! ,pi/ol ,f ,"o ,h& to ! ,o!r #h-aj ,*apt] #i4 ,advanc$ ,te*niques ,%oot+ on ! ,move #i-a ,mov+ ,) ! ,pi/ol #i-a ,mov+3 ,! ,glide ,te*nique #i-a ,engag+ ,t>gets3 ,us+ ! ,pi/ol ,sights #i-a ,cont9u+ to ,move #i-b ,reload+ & ,/oppages #i-b ,turn & ,fire #i-b ,engag+ ,t>gets #ij ,degrees to ! ,"r & ,left #i-b ,engag+ ,t>gets #ahj ,degrees to ! ,re> #i-c ,*apt] #aj4 ,l[ ,light & ,d>kness ,te*niques ,combat ,m9dset #aj-a ,night ,vision ,adaptation & ,ma9t5ance #aj-a ,night ,vision ,adaptation #aj-a ,night ,vision ,ma9t5ance #aj-a ,t>get ,detection ,te*niques #aj-a ,(f-,c5t] ,vision #aj-b ,scann+_/,figure ,eight ,scan #aj-b ,effects ( ,illum9ation #aj-b ,acquir+ ,t>gets at ,night #aj-c ,sight ,alignm5t_/,sight ,picture #aj-c ,fla%lights #aj-c ,types ( ,fla%lights #aj-c ,activation ,devices #aj-c ,types ( ,l5ses #aj-c ,t>get ,detection #aj-d ,t>get ,engagem5t #aj-e ,,*apt] #a ,,! ,m#i ,,s]vice ,,pi/ol ,! ,m>9e ,corps' uses ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol z a def5sive weapon4 ,x is a semiautomatic1 magaz9e-f$1 recoil-op]at$1 d\ble-action pi/ol4 ,! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol's magaz9e holds #ae r\nds & is *amb]$ ) a #i-mm ball 7,,nato ,m#hhb r\nd74 ,! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol has a maximum effective range ( #ej met]s 7#ed4g y>ds74 ,note3 ,! proc$ures 9 ?is *apt] are writt5 = "r-h&$ ,m>9es2 left-h&$ ,m>9es rev]se in/ructions z necess>y4 ,functional ,capabilities ,:5 ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol's safety lev] is mov$ to ! fir+ position1 x c be fir$ 9 ei!r a s+le-action or d\ble-action mode4 ,x is design$ to fire "o r\nd ea* "t ! trigg] is pull$4 ,:5 ! la/ r\nd is fir$1 ! slide automatically locks to ! re>4 ,s+le-,action ,mode ,! s+le-action mode all[s ! pi/ol to be fir$ :5 ! hamm] is cock$2 s+le action requires ! hamm] to be cock$ to ! re> be=e ! trigg] is pull$4 ,! hamm] c be manually cock$ or me*anically cock$4 ,! hamm] is me*anically cock$ aft] ! fir/ %ot is fir$4 ,see figure #a-a4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-a4 ,s+le-,action ,mode4 ,d\ble-,action ,mode ,! d\ble-action mode causes ! hamm] to move to ! re> z ! trigg] is be+ pull$4 ,see figure #a-b4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-b4 ,d\ble-,action ,mode4 ,nom5clature ,see figure #a-c on page #a-b4 ,major ,compon5ts ,! ,m#i's major compon5ts consi/ ( ! slide assembly1 b>rel assembly1 & receiv]4 ,see figure #a-d on page #a-c4 ,slide ,assembly ,! slide assembly h\ses ! fir+ p91 fir+ p9 block1 /rik]1 extractor1 & load$ *amb] indicator1 & x cocks ! hamm] dur+ recoil4 ,extractor ,! extractor pulls ! brass f ! *amb] aft] ! r\nd is fir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-c4 ,m#i ,s]vice ,pi/ol4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-d4 ,major ,compon5ts4 ,load$ ,*amb] ,indicator ,:5 a r\nd is 9 ! *amb]1 ! upp] surface ( ! load$ *amb] indicator protrudes f ! "r side ( ! slide4 ,?is protrusion c be felt ) ! f+]1 v]ify+ t !re is a r\nd 9 ! *amb]4 ,b>rel ,assembly ,! b>rel assembly h\ses ! r\nd = fir+1 directs ! projectile1 & locks ! b>rel 9 position dur+ fir+4 ,receiv] ,! receiv] supports ! major compon5ts1 controls ! function+ ( ! pi/ol1 & holds ! magaz9e 9 place4 ,! front & back /raps ( ! grip are groov$ v]tically to ensure t ! h& does n slip :ile fir+4 ,! receiv] consi/s ( ! disassembly button1 slide /op1 & magaz9e cat* assembly4 ,disassembly ,button ,! disassembly button p]mits quick disassembly ( ! pi/ol4 ,slide ,/op ,! slide /op holds ! slide to ! re> aft] ! la/ r\nd is fir$4 ,x c also be manually op]at$ to lock ! slide to ! re> or release ! slide4 ,magaz9e ,cat* ,assembly 7,magaz9e ,release ,button7 ,! magaz9e cat* assembly secures ! magaz9e 9 place :5 load+1 & x releases ! magaz9e f ! pi/ol :5 unload+4 ,! magaz9e cat* assembly is design$ = bo? "r- & left-h&$ ,m>9es4 ,note3 ,rev]sal ( ! magaz9e cat* assembly = left-h&$ ,m>9es c be p]=m$ by a qualifi$ armor]4 ,safety ,features ,! safety features ( ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol include ! decock+_/safety lev]1 fir+ p9 block1 & half-cock not*4 ,decock+_/,safety ,lev] ,! decock+_/safety lev]1 commonly ref]r$ to z ! safety1 p]mits safe op]ation ( ! pi/ol by bo? "r- & left-h&$ ,m>9es4 ,z ! safety is mov$ to ! safe 7d[n7 position1 ! fir+ p9 /rik] moves out ( alignm5t ) ! fir+ p94 ,?is movem5t prev5ts ! pi/ol f fir+ z ! hamm] moves =w>d4 ,note3 ,9 ! fire 7up7 position1 a r$ dot is visible1 indicat+ t ! pi/ol is ready to fire4 ,fir+ ,p9 ,block ,! fir+ p9 block re/s 9 ! fir+ p9 not* & prev5ts movem5t ( ! fir+ p9 until ! trigg] is pull$4 ,z ! trigg] is pull$1 ! fir+ p9 block moves up & out ( ! fir+ p9 not*4 ,?is movem5t all[s a r\nd to be fir$ :5 ! hamm] /rikes ! fir+ p94 ,half-,cock ,not* ,! half-cock not* /ops ! =w>d movem5t ( ! hamm] dur+ a me*anical failure4 ,cycle ( ,op]ation ,!re are eight /eps 9 ! cycle ( op]ation = ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol4 ,fir+ ,once ! safety is (f & ! trigg] is pull$ to ! re>1 ! hamm] falls on ! fir+ p91 :i* /rikes ! prim] & ignites ! r\nd4 ,see figure #a-e4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-e4 ,fir+4 ,unlock+ ,z ! slide assembly moves to ! re>1 ! lock+ block rotates out ( ! not*es 9 ! slide4 ,see figure #a-f4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-f4 ,unlock+4 ,extract+ ,z ! slide moves re>w>d1 ! extractor )draws ! c>tridge case out ( ! *amb]4 ,see figure #a-g4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-g4 ,extract+4 ,eject+ ,z ! face ( ! slide passes ov] ! ejector1 ! case /rikes ! ejector & x is knock$ upw>d & outw>d ?r\gh ! ejection port4 ,see figure #a-h4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-h4 ,eject+4 ,cock+ ,z ! slide moves re>w>d1 ! hamm] is pu%$ back1 all[+ ! se> to engage ! hamm] hooks1 cock ! hamm] to ! re>1 & place ! pi/ol 9 ! s+le-action mode4 ,see figure #a-i4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-i4 ,cock+4 ,fe$+ ,! slide />ts =w>d1 pu%$ by ! recoil spr+4 ,! face ( ! slide makes contact ) ! c>tridge at ! top ( ! magaz9e1 /ripp+ x f ! magaz9e & pu%+ x t[>d ! *amb]4 ,see figure #a-aj4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-aj4 ,fe$+4 ,*amb]+ ,z ! slide cont9ues =w>d1 x pu%es ! c>tridge into ! *amb]4 ,see figure #a-aa4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-aa4 ,*amb]+4 ,lock+ ,z ! slide assembly cont9ues to move =w>d1 ! lock+ block lugs move into ! lock+ block recesses on ! "r & left sides ( ! slide4 ,see figure #a-ab on page #a-f4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-ab4 ,lock+4 ,ammunition ,! only ammunition au?oriz$ = ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol is ! ,,nato ,m#hhb #i-mm ball4 ,dummy ammunition c be us$ dur+ tra9+ 7a dummy r\nd has a hole drill$ 9 its side & conta9s no prim]74 ,see figure #a-ac4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-ac4 ,m#i ,s]vice ,pi/ol ,ammunition4 ,d n op5 ammunition conta9]s until ! ammunition is to be us$4 ,ammunition mu/ be ma9ta9$ 9 a high /ate ( read9ess4 ,to c>e = ammunition-- ,keep ammunition dry & clean4 ,if ammunition gets wet or dirty1 wipe x (f ) a clean dry clo?4 ,wipe (f light corrosion z soon z x is discov]$4 ,nev] use ammunition t is heavily corrod$1 d5t$1 or has ! projectile pu%$ 94 ,d n expose ammunition to direct sunlight = long p]iods ( "t4 ,d n oil or grease ammunition4 ,du/ or o!r abrasives c collect on greasy ammunition & may cause damage to ! op]at+ p>ts ( ! pi/ol4 ,oil$ c>tridges also produce excessive *amb] pressure4 ,we>+ ( ! ,m#i ,s]vice ,pi/ol's ,ge> ,! prop] placem5t ( pi/ol ge> helps ensure safety & aids ! ,m>9e 9 effectively h&l+ & employ+ ! pi/ol4 ,m#ab ,hol/] ,! ,m#ab hol/] consi/s ( ! hol/]1 removable hol/] flap1 & metal reta9+ clip4 ,to *eck = prop] placem5t ( ! hol/]1 all[ ! "r arm to hang freely4 ,! hol/] %\ld be slightly 9 front ( ! arm to p]mit easy access to ! pi/ol ^u pres5tation f ! hol/]4 ,see figure #a-ad4 ,note3 ,9 mo/ cases1 ! hol/] is issu$ ) ! hol/] flap in/all$ = a "r-h&$ ,m>9e4 ,to conv]t ! hol/] = a left-h&$ ,m>9e1 remove ! metal reta9+ clip & in/all ! clip on ! opposite side ( ! hol/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-ad4 ,! ,m#ab ,hol/] & ,ammunition ,pocket4 ,m#a ,ammunition ,pocket ,! ammunition pocket atta*es to ! c>tridge belt on ! side opposite ! hol/] 9 a position t be/ p]mits ready access = reloads4 ,! magaz9e is /or$ 9 ! ammunition pocket ) ! r\nds d[n & po9t$ inbo>d4 ,m#g ,%\ld] ,hol/] ,! ,m#g %\ld] hol/] consi/s ( a hol/] ) a ?umb snap closure1 %\ld] /rap1 *e/ /rap1 & a belt reta9+ loop4 ,! hol/] is position$ on ! left side ( ! *e/ to provide easy & quick access ) ! "r h&4 ,see figure #a-ae4 ,! ,m#g hol/] comes fully assembl$ & has adju/able /raps to accommodate ea* ,m>9e's body size4 ,! hol/] is available = "r-h&$ ,m>9es only1 !re=e1 a left-h&$ ,m>9e has to )draw ! pi/ol f ! hol/] ) ! "r h& & !n transf] ! pi/ol to ! left h& be=e fir+4 7,see *ap4 #h = transf]r+ ! pi/ol f "o h& to ! o!r47 ,:5 ! %\ld] hol/] is worn prop]ly-- ,! %\ld] /rap lays flat across ! left %\ld] ) ! %\ld] pad directly on top ( ! %\ld]4 ,! *e/ /rap atta*es to ! ,d-r+ at ! top ( ! hol/] & runs diagonally across ! *e/1 und]nea? ! "r arm1 & ar\nd ! back :]e x atta*es to ! end ( ! %\ld] /rap4 ,! belt reta9+ loop is at ! bottom ( ! hol/] & atta*es to ! belt to /abilize ! hol/]'s position4 ,! ammunition pocket atta*es to ! *e/ /rap directly und]nea? ! "r arm4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-ae4 ,m#g ,%\ld] ,hol/]4 ,assault ,hol/] ,"s ,m>9es 7i4e41 ,m>9e security =ce1 direct action platoon1 & milit>y police7 are requir$ to c>ry ! assault hol/]4 ,?is hol/] has a ret5tion /rap t fa/5s ov] ! top ( ! hol/] to reta9 ! pi/ol4 ,?is type ( hol/] g5]ally has a ?umb break on ! ret5tion /rap t is dis5gag$ to access ! pi/ol4 ,see figure #a-af4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-af4 ,assault ,hol/]4 ,conceal$ ,pi/ol ,hol/] ,"s ,m>9es are requir$ to c>ry a conceal$ pi/ol z "p ( _! (ficial duties4 ,! prim>y consid]ation = placem5t ( a conceal$ pi/ol hol/] is to ensure ! pi/ol _c be se52 !re=e1 ! ,m>9e mu/ consid] ! type ( clo?+ to be worn4 ,a second>y consid]ation is to place ! hol/] s ! pi/ol c be pres5t$ easily4 ,typically1 ! be/ position = a conceal$ hol/] is j beh9d ! /rong side hip4 ,?is position be/ conceals ! pi/ol :ile all[+ x to be pres5t$ quickly4 ,ano!r placem5t *oice is 9 a %\ld] hol/]1 plac+ ! pi/ol j "u ! weak side arm4 ,see figures #a-ag ?r\gh #a-bj on pages #a-h & #a-i4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-ag4 ,we>+ ( ! ,conceal$ ,pi/ol ,hol/]--,utilities4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-ah4 ,we>+ ( ! ,conceal$ ,pi/ol--,sweat]4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-ai4 ,we>+ ( ! ,conceal$ ,pi/ol ,hol/]--,jacket4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-bj4 ,we>+ ( ! ,conceal$ ,pi/ol ,hol/]--,civilian ,attire4 ,lany>d ,! lany>d aids 9 pi/ol ret5tion4 ,x is issu$ 9 ?ree sizes & is adju/able4 ,! lany>d consi/s ( a fabric cord1 two cyl9drical slip r+s1 & a metal clip t atta*es ! lany>d to ! pi/ol's lany>d loop4 ,see figure #a-ba4 ,to don ! lany>d-- ,adju/ ! slip r+s s !y are position$ flu% ) ! lany>d's base 7clip end74 ,place ! "r arm ?r\gh ! loop & place ! loop ov] ! head1 re/+ on ! left %\ld]4 ,atta* metal clip to ! pi/ol's lany>d loop4 ,place ! pi/ol 9 ! hol/]4 ,use ! left h& to hold ! bottom slip r+ aga9/ ! base ( ! lany>d4 ,use ! "r h& to slide ! top slip r+ upw>d to position ! loop ( ! lany>d "u ! arm4 ,! lany>d %\ld fit snugly aga9/ ! body1 b n re/rict ! ,m>9e's movem5ts4 ,tuck any excess cord beh9d ! hol/]4 ,ensure t ! lany>d is adju/$ prop]ly by remov+ ! pi/ol f ! hol/] & fully ext5d+ ! "r arm4 ,! lany>d %\ld be taut4 ,adju/ z necess>y4 ,note3 ,re-adju/ ! lany>d if any equipm5t *anges are made 7e4g41 flak jacket74 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-ba4 ,m#i ,s]vice ,pi/ol 7,) ,lany>d74 ,fir+ ! ,m#i ,s]vice ,pi/ol ,:ile ,we>+ ,gloves ,n all combat engagem5ts occur dur+ ideal wea!r conditions4 ,dur+ cold wea!r1 ! ,m>9e may f9d x necess>y to we> gloves to protect ! f+]s f fro/bite & help prev5t /iff5+ ( ! h&s4 ,gloves may also be worn 9 mission-ori5t$ protective po/ure conditions4 ,gloves provide protection to ! h&s1 h[ev]1 !y also may int]f]e ) ! ,m>9e's ability to engage t>gets effectively4 ,! add$ bulk ( ! gloves may affect ! ,m>9e's ability to manipulate ! safety1 magaz9e release button1 magaz9e1 hamm]1 & slide /op_/release4 ,= example1 ! ,m>9e may ne$ to ex]t m pressure to engage ! magaz9e release or slide release buttons to comp5sate = ! ?ickness ( ! gloves4 ,! pr9ciples ( t>get engagem5t 7see *ap4 #g7 d n *ange :ile we>+ gloves1 h[ev]1 ! specific ability to manipulate & control ! trigg] is greatly affect$ by ! ?ickness ( ! gloves ar\nd ! f+]s4 ,we>+ gloves r$uces ! ,m>9e's ability to feel1 :i* makes x difficult to apply trigg] control :5 fir+4 ,! ,m>9e may f9d t m pressure ?an normal mu/ be appli$ ) ! trigg] f+] j to e/abli% initial contact ) ! trigg]4 ,once ! ,m>9e c 8feel0 ! trigg] ?r\gh ! gloves1 !n ! pressure requir$ to fire a %ot c be appli$4 ,?is action may increase ! *ances ( fir+ ! pi/ol prematurely due to excessive pressure on ! trigg]4 ,dry fir+ :ile we>+ gloves all[s ! ,m>9e to le>n h[ to apply trigg] control consi/5tly & det]m9es h[ mu* pressure is ne$$ to effectively fire a %ot4 ,:ile we>+ gloves1 ! ,m>9e may f9d x difficult to fire ! pi/ol 9 ! d\ble-action mode due to ! position ( ! trigg] & ! limit$ am\nt ( space betwe5 ! trigg] & ! trigg] gu>d4 ,!re=e1 if ! situation p]mits1 ! ,m>9e may wi% to ?umbcock ! pi/ol to fire 9 s+le-action mode4 ,9 s+le-action mode1 !re is m space betwe5 ! trigg] gu>d & ! trigg]1 mak+ x easi] to position ! f+] on ! trigg]4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,m>9e's ability to ?umbcock ! pi/ol may also be h9d]$ by ! gloves' bulk4 ,!re=e1 to ?umbcock ! pi/ol :ile we>+ gloves1 ! ,m>9e may p]=m "o ( ! foll[+ me?ods3 ,= me?od "o1 loop a section ( #eej cord 7approximately #b in*es7 ?r\gh ! loop locat$ on ! top re> portion ( ! hamm]4 ,! l5g? ( ! cord %\ld n int]f]e ) ! pi/ol's cycle ( op]ation or ) ! ,m>9e's ability to e/abli% sight alignm5t4 ,once ! cord is atta*$ to ! hamm]1 take ! pi/ol (f safe & pull d[nw>d on ! cord to cock ! hamm]4 ,see figure #a-bb4 ,= me?od two1 take ! pi/ol (f safe1 rotate ! pi/ol inbo>d1 & place ! top ( ! hamm] aga9/ a secure surface 7e4g41 c>tridge belt1 table top1 heel ( boot74 ,apply pressure on ! pi/ol to keep ! hamm] 9 place & pu% d[nw>d on ! pi/ol 9 "o cont9u\s motion to cock ! hamm]4 ,see figure #a-bc4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-bb4 ,cock+ ! ,pi/ol ) #eej ,cord4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-bc4 ,cock+ ! ,pi/ol on a ,secure ,surface4 ,prev5tive ,ma9t5ance ,if ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol is to be effective1 x mu/ be ma9ta9$ 9 a /ate ( op]ational read9ess at all times2 !re=e1 ma9t5ance ( ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol is a cont9u\s ef=t4 ,a clean1 prop]ly lubricat$1 well-ma9ta9$ pi/ol w fire :5 ne$$4 ,pi/ol ,disassembly ,be=e disassembl+ ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol1 ensure t ! pi/ol is 9 ,condition #d4 ,! pi/ol is 9 ,condition #d :5 ! magaz9e is remov$1 ! *amb] is empty1 ! slide is =w>d1 & ! safety is on4 ,to disassemble ! pi/ol1 p]=m ! foll[+ /eps 9 sequ5ce3 ,hold ! pi/ol 9 ! "r h& ) ! muzzle slightly elevat$4 ,rea* ov] ! slide ) ! left h& & place ! left index f+] on ! disassembly button & ! left ?umb on ! disassembly lev]4 ,press ! disassembly button & hold x 9 place :ile rotat+ ! disassembly lev] d[nw>d until x /ops4 ,note3 ,a left-h&$ ,m>9e places ! "r ?umb on ! disassembly button & ! "r index f+] on ! disassembly lev]4 ,pull ! slide & b>rel assembly =w>d & remove x :ile wrapp+ ! f+]s ar\nd ! slide to hold ! recoil spr+ & recoil spr+ guide 9 place4 ,turn ! slide assembly ov] 9 ! left h& until ! recoil spr+ & recoil spr+ guide face up4 ,place ! "r ?umb on ! end ( ! recoil spr+ guide next to ! lock+ block & compress ! recoil spr+ & spr+ guide :ile lift+ & remov+ !m f ! slide & b>rel assembly4 ,see figure #a-bd4 ,all[ ! recoil spr+ to decompress sl[ly4 ,sep>ate ! recoil spr+ f ! recoil spr+ guide4 ,pu% 9 on ! lock+ block plung] ) ! "r index f+] :ile pu%+ ! b>rel =w>d slightly4 ,lift & remove ! lock+ block & b>rel assembly f ! slide4 ,a ,m>9e is n au?oriz$ to disassemble ! pi/ol any fur!r ?an ! prec$+ /eps4 ,any fur!r disassembly mu/ be p]=m$ by ordnance p]sonnel4 ,see figure #a-be4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-bd4 ,remov+ ! ,recoil ,spr+ & ,recoil ,spr+ ,guide4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-be4 ,disassembl$ ,m#i ,s]vice ,pi/ol4 ,disassembly ( ! ,magaz9e ,to disassemble ! magaz9e1 p]=m ! foll[+ /eps3 ,grip ! magaz9e firmly 9 ! left h& ) ! floorplate up & ! ?umb re/+ aga9/ ! flat end ( ! floorplate4 ,release ! floorplate by pu%+ d[n 7) a blunt object2 e4g41 an ink p57 on ! floorplate reta9] /ud 9 ! c5t] ( ! floorplate4 ,at ! same "t1 slide ! floorplate a %ort di/ance =w>d ) ! ?umb4 ,ma9ta9 ! magaz9e spr+ pressure ) ! ?umb & remove ! floorplate f ! magaz9e4 ,remove ! floorplate reta9] & magaz9e spr+ & foll[] f ! magaz9e tube4 ,see figure #a-bf4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #a-bf4 ,disassembl$ ,magaz9e4 ,inspection ( ! ,pi/ol ,once ! pi/ol has be5 disassembl$1 x mu/ be ?or\ghly inspect$ to ensure x is 9 a s]viceable condition4 ,pi/ol inspection is cont9u\s dur+ ! pi/ol's clean+ & re-assembly3 ,slide ,assembly ,*eck = free movem5t ( ! safety4 ,ensure ! re> sight is secure4 ,b>rel ,assembly ,inspect ! bore & *amb] = pitt+ or ob/ructions4 ,*eck ! lock+ block plung] = free movem5t ( ! lock+ block4 ,inspect ! lock+ lugs = cracks & burrs4 ,recoil ,spr+ & ,recoil ,spr+ ,guide ,*eck ! recoil spr+ = damage4 ,*eck t x is n b5t4 ,*eck ! recoil spr+ guide = /raightness & smoo?ness4 ,*eck to be sure x is free ( cracks & burrs4 ,receiv] ,assembly ,*eck = b5ds1 *ips1 & cracks4 ,*eck = free movem5t ( ! slide /op & magaz9e cat* assembly4 ,*eck ! guide rails = excessive we>1 burrs1 cracks1 or *ips4 ,magaz9e ,assembly ,*eck ! spr+ & foll[] = damage4 ,ensure ! lips ( ! magaz9e are n excessively b5t & are free ( cracks & burrs4 ,! magaz9e tube %\ld n be b5t or dirty4 ,clean+ & ,lubricat+ ! ,pi/ol ,only au?oriz$ clean+ mat]ials %\ld be us$ to clean & lubricate ! pi/ol4 ,if ^! items are n issu$ ) ! pi/ol1 !y may be obta9$ f ! armory4 ,! foll[+ proc$ures are us$ to clean & lubricate ! pi/ol-- ,slide ,assembly ,clean ! slide assembly ) a clo?4 ,a g5]al purpose bru% & clean+ lubricant protectant 7,,clp7 c also assi/ 9 ! removal ( excess dirt & c>bon buildup4 ,ensure ! safety1 bolt face1 slide guides1 & extractor are free ( dirt & residue4 ,wipe dry ) a clo? & apply a light coat ( ,,clp4 ,b>rel ,assembly ,ins]t a bore bru% ) ,,clp into ! *amb] end ( ! b>rel1 ensur+ t x completely cle>s ! muzzle be=e x is pull$ back ?r\gh ! bore4 ,caution ,ins]t ! bore bru% ?r\gh ! *amb] to prev5t damage to ! cr[n ( ! b>rel4 ,repeat sev]al times to loos5 c>bon deposits4 ,dry ! b>rel by pu%+ a swab ?r\gh ! bore4 ,repeat until a clean swab c be obs]v$4 ,clean ! lock+ block ) a g5]al purpose bru%4 ,use ! b>rel bru% to apply a light coat ( ,,clp to ! bore & *amb] area & lubricate ! ext]ior surfaces ( ! b>rel & lock+ block4 ,recoil ,spr+ & ,recoil ,spr+ ,guide ,clean ! recoil spr+ & recoil spr+ guide us+ ,,clp & a g5]al purpose bru% or clo?4 ,apply a light coat ( ,,clp aft] wip+ ! recoil spr+ & recoil spr+ guide clean4 ,receiv] ,wipe ! receiv] assembly clean ) a clo?4 ,use a g5]al purpose bru% = areas t are h>d to rea*1 pay+ special att5tion to ! disassembly lev]1 trigg]1 slide /op1 hamm]1 & magaz9e release button4 ,apply a light coat ( ,,clp4 ,caution ,d n all[ ! hamm] to fall ) full =ce by pull+ ! trigg] :5 ! slide is remov$4 ,?is c damage ! receiv] & hamm]4 ,magaz9e ,clean ! magaz9e tube & foll[] ) ,,clp & a g5]al purpose bru%4 ,wipe ! magaz9e spr+1 floorplate reta9]1 & floorplate clean ) a clo?4 ,apply a light coat ( ,,clp4 ,pi/ol ,re-assembly ,aft] ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol has be5 clean$ & lubricat$1 x mu/ be prop]ly re-assembl$ to ensure its s]viceability4 ,to re-assemble ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol-- ,use ! left h& to grasp ! slide ) ! bottom fac+ up & ! muzzle po9t+ t[>d ! body4 ,use ! "r h& to grasp ! b>rel assembly ) ! lock+ block fac+ up4 ,use ! index f+] to pu% 9 ! lock+ block plung] :ile plac+ ! ?umb on ! base ( ! lock+ block4 ,ins]t ! muzzle ( ! b>rel assembly into ! =w>d op5 end ( ! slide4 ,at ! same "t1 l[] ! re> ( ! b>rel assembly by slightly mov+ ! b>rel d[nw>d4 ,! lock+ block %\ld fall into ! not*es ( ! slide assembly4 ,slip ! recoil spr+ guide into ! recoil spr+4 ,ins]t ! end ( ! recoil spr+ & recoil spr+ guide into ! slide recoil spr+ h\s+4 ,at ! same "t1 compress ! recoil spr+ & l[] ! spr+ guide until x is fully seat$ onto ! lock+ block cutaway4 ,use ! left h& to grasp ! slide & b>rel assembly1 sights up1 & wrap ! f+]s ar\nd ! slide assembly to hold ! recoil spr+ & guide 9 place4 ,align ! slide assembly guide rails onto ! receiv] assembly guide rails4 ,pu% ! slide re>w>d :ile pu%+ up on ! slide /op ) ! ?umb4 ,lock ! slide to ! re> :ile ma9ta9+ upw>d pressure on ! slide /op4 ,rotate ! disassembly lev] upw>d4 ,li/5 = a click1 an audible click indicates a positive lock4 ,pi/ol ,magaz9e ,re-assembly ,to re-assemble ! magaz9e-- ,grip ! magaz9e firmly 9 ! left h& ) ! floorplate end up & ! c\nt+ holes fac+ ! ,m>9e4 ,ins]t ! foll[] into ! magaz9e s ! flat end ( ! foll[] is aga9/ ! flat end ( ! magaz9e4 ,ensure ! floorplate reta9] is atta*$ to ! fir/ curve ( ! bottom coil4 ,hold ! spr+ upright ) ! "r h& & ins]t ! spr+ into ! magaz9e tube s t ! flat end ( ! floorplate reta9] is aga9/ ! flat end ( ! magaz9e4 ,pu% ! magaz9e spr+ & floorplate reta9] d[n ) ! "r h& & hold x 9 place ) ! ?umb ( ! left h&4 ,use ! "r h& to slide ! floorplate ov] ! side walls ( ! magaz9e until fully seat$1 :i* is indicat$ by an audible click4 ,safety_/,function ,*eck ,a safety_/function *eck is p]=m$ aft] reassembl+ ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol4 ,p]=m ! foll[+ /eps to ensure ! pi/ol is op]ational3 ,ensure !re is no ammunition 9 ! *amb] ( ! pi/ol4 ,ensure t ! safety is 9 ! safe position1 !n depress ! slide /op1 all[+ ! slide to return fully =w>d4 ,at ! same "t1 ! hamm] %\ld fall to ! full =w>d position4 ,pull & release ! trigg]4 ,! fir+ p9 block %\ld move up & d[n b ! hamm] %\ld n move4 ,place ! safety 9 ! fire position4 ,pull ! trigg] to *eck ! d\ble action4 ,! hamm] %\ld cock & fall4 ,pull ! trigg] aga9 & hold x to ! re>4 ,use ! f+]s & ?umb ( ! left h& to grasp ! s]rat$ sides ( ! slide j =w>d ( ! safety4 ,pull ! slide to its re>mo/ position & release x :ile hold+ ! trigg] to ! re>4 ,release ! trigg]1 a click %\ld be he>d & ! hamm] %\ld n fall4 ,pull ! trigg] to *eck ! s+le action4 ,! hamm] %\ld fall4 ,place ! safety 9 ! safe position4 ,if ! safety_/function *eck does n indicate an op]ational pi/ol1 ! ,m>9e takes ! pi/ol to organizational ma9t5ance or ! next au?oriz$ repair level4 ,us] ,s]viceability ,inspection ,! ,m>9e is responsible = p]=m+ a us] s]viceability inspection on ! pi/ol prior to live fire4 ,! us] s]viceability inspection ensures ! pi/ol is 9 an acceptable op]at+ condition4 ,?is inspection is n int5d$ to replace ! detail$ pi/ol compon5ts inspection foll[+ disassembly or ! limit$ te*nical inspection or pre-fire inspection conduct$ by a qualifi$ armor]4 ,to conduct a us] s]viceability inspection on ! pi/ol1 p]=m ! foll[+ /eps3 ,ensure ! magaz9e release button is on ! left side ( ! pi/ol = a "r-h&$ ,m>9e1 ! "r side ( ! pi/ol = a left-h&$ ,m>9e4 ,ensure ! magaz9e seats into ! magaz9e well :5 x is ins]t$ & t x _c be pull$ out4 ,ensure ! slide /ays lock$ to ! re> :5 ! slide is pull$ re>w>d ) an empty magaz9e 9 ! pi/ol4 ,ensure ! magaz9e falls out freely :5 ! magaz9e release button is depress$4 ,repeat ! prec$+ f\r /eps ) ! second magaz9e4 ,ensure ! slide is lock$ to ! re> be=e lubricat+ ! spr+ guide1 ! top ( ! b>rel j =w>d ( ! front sight1 & ! guide rails ( ! slide assembly beh9d ! safety4 ,) ! muzzle po9t$ d[nw>d1 "w ! slide sev]al times & release4 ,inspect ! pi/ol's ext]nal p>ts visually to ensure t !re are no cracks or excessive we>4 ,p]=m a safety_/function *eck ( ! pi/ol4 ,pi/ol ,ma9t5ance 9 ,adv]se ,conditions ,combat situations c place ,m>9es 9 a v>iety ( adv]se conditions4 ,!re=e1 ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol mu/ be ma9ta9$ prop]ly to ensure its cont9u$ op]ation4 ,extreme ,cold ,9 extreme cold conditions1 ensure t ! foll[+ ma9t5ance is p]=m$3 ,clean & lubricate ! pi/ol inside at room temp]ature1 if possible4 ,apply a light coat ( lubricant1 arctic wea!r 7,,law7 to all functional p>ts4 ,always keep ! pi/ol dry4 ,keep ! pi/ol cov]$ :5 mov+ f a w>m to a cold area4 ,?is p]mits gradual cool+ ( ! pi/ol & prev5ts freez+4 ,ensure t a hot pi/ol is n plac$ 9 sn[ or on ice4 ,keep sn[ out ( ! bore ( ! b>rel4 ,if sn[ %\ld ent] ! bore1 use a swab & clean+ rod to clean ! bore be=e fir+4 ,hot1 ,wet ,climates ,ma9t5ance 9 hot1 wet climates mu/ be p]=m$ m frequ5tly3 ,inspect hidd5 surfaces = corrosion4 ,if corrosion is f\nd1 clean & lubricate4 ,remove h&pr9ts ) a clean clo? 9 ord] to prev5t corrosion4 ,dry ! pi/ol ) a clo? & lubricate x ) ,,clp4 ,*eck ammunition & magaz9es frequ5tly = corrosion4 ,disassemble & clean ! magaz9es ) ,,clp & wipe dry ) a clean clo?4 ,if necess>y1 clean ammunition ) a dry clo?4 ,hot1 ,dry ,climates ,9 a hot1 dry climate1 du/ & s& c cause /oppages & excessive we> on compon5t contact surfaces dur+ fir+2 !re=e1 keep ! pi/ol cov]$ :5ev] possible4 ,corrosion is less likely to =m on metal p>ts 9 a dry climate4 ,!re=e1 lightly lubricate int]nal work+ surfaces ) ,,clp4 ,d n lubricate ext]nal p>ts ( ! pi/ol4 ,wipe excess lubricant f expos$ surfaces4 ,d n lubricate int]nal compon5ts ( ! magaz9e4 ,heavy ,ra9 & ,=d+ ,op]ations ,! foll[+ ma9t5ance proc$ures are foll[$ dur+ p]iods ( heavy ra9s or dur+ =d+ op]ations3 ,always attempt to keep ! pi/ol dry4 ,dra9 any wat] f ! b>rel prior to fir+4 ,dry ! bore ) a swab & clean+ rod4 ,g5]\sly lubricate int]nal & ext]nal surfaces ( ! pi/ol ) ,,clp4 ,amphibi\s ,conditions ,if ! pi/ol comes into contact ) salt wat]1 clean ! pi/ol z soon z possible4 ,if "t does n p]mit clean+ 9 accordance ) ,te*nical ,manual 7,,tm7 #ajje;,a-#aj_/a1 ,op]ator's ,manual1 ,pi/ol ,semiautomatic1 #imm1 ,m#i1 !n wa% ! pi/ol ) fre% wat]4 ,,*apt] #b ,,weapons ,,h&l+ ,weapons h&l+ is a me?od ( provid+ consi/5t & /&>diz$ proc$ures = h&l+1 op]at+1 & employ+ ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol4 ,und]/&+ & apply+ ! pr9ciples ( weapons h&l+ are critical to develop+ safe & consi/5t weapons skills4 ,/rict adh]5ce to tra9+ & dilig5t practice w make weapons h&l+ in/9ctive4 ,mission accompli%m5t & survival dur+ combat dep5d on a ,m>9e's ability to react in/9ctively & ) confid5ce4 ,note3 ,! proc$ures 9 ?is *apt] are writt5 = "r-h&$ ,m>9es2 left-h&$ ,m>9es %\ld rev]se directions z ne$$4 ,safety ,rules ,! foll[+ safety rules are ! f\ndation = responsible weapons h&l+4 ,!y mu/ be obs]v$ at all times1 bo? 9 tra9+ & combat4 ,safety ,rules ,rule #a3 ,treat e weapon z if x 7 load$4 ,?is rule is int5d$ to prev5t un9t5tional injury to p]sonnel or damage to prop]ty f h&l+ or transf]r+ possession ( a weapon4 ,rule #b3 ,nev] po9t a weapon at any?+ y d n int5d to %oot4 ,?is rule en=ces ! importance ( muzzle aw>5ess & re9=ces positive id5tification ( ! t>get4 ,rule #c3 ,keep y\r f+] /raight & (f ! trigg] until y are ready to fire4 ,?is rule is int5d$ to m9imize ! risk ( fir+ ! weapon neglig5tly 7:5 n fir+1 ! trigg] f+] is /raight along ! receiv]1 outside ( ! trigg] gu>d74 ,?is rule also re9=ces positive id5tification ( ! t>get4 ,rule #d3 ,keep weapon on safe until y int5d to fire4 ,?is rule en=ces ! use ( ! weapon's own safety feature & re9=ces positive id5tification ( ! t>get4 ,weapons ,conditions ,! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol's level ( read9ess is def9$ by ?ree specific conditions4 ,! /eps 9 ! load+ & unload+ process take ! pi/ol ?r\gh ! specific conditions t indicate ! pi/ol's read9ess = live fire4 ,! ,m>9e mu/ und]/& & "k ! condition ( 8 pi/ol at all times4 ,condition #a4 ,magaz9e ins]t$1 r\nd 9 *amb]1 slide =w>d1 & safety on4 ,condition #b4 ,n applicable to ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol4 ,condition #c4 ,magaz9e ins]t$1 *amb] empty1 slide =w>d1 & safety on4 ,condition #d4 ,magaz9e remov$1 *amb] empty1 slide =w>d1 & safety on4 ,det]m9+ a ,weapon's ,condition ,!re are two me?ods = det]m9+ ! pi/ol's condition3 *eck+ ! r\nd indicator on ! "r side ( ! pi/ol & conduct+ a *amb] *eck4 ,*eck+ ! ,r\nd ,indicator ,:5 !re is a r\nd 9 ! *amb]1 ! upp] surface ( ! extractor protrudes f ! "r side ( ! slide4 ,! protrusion c be felt by slid+ ei!r ! ?umb or ! index f+] ( ! left h& ov] ! top ( ! slide & across ! extractor4 ,see figure #b-a4 ,conduct+ a ,*amb] ,*eck ,to conduct a *amb] *eck-- ,po9t ! pi/ol 9 a safe direction & grasp ! pi/ol grip ) ! "r h&4 ,place ! trigg] gu>d 9 ! palm ( ! left h&4 ,use ! ?umb & index f+] to grasp ! =w>d end ( ! slide at ! ind5tations "u ! front sight1 beh9d ! muzzle4 ,see figure #b-b4 ,caution ,ensure ! muzzle does n cov] ! h& or f+]s4 ,keep ?umb 9 place ar\nd ! pi/ol's back/rap & rotate f+]s ( ! "r h& ov] ! top ( ! slide 9 front ( ! re> sight4 ,pull ! slide to ! re> by pu%+ =w>d ) ! "r ?umb & pull+ back on ! re> sight ) ! f+]s4 ,use ! left h& to /eady ! pi/ol & to assi/ 9 pull+ ! slide to ! re>4 ,use ! "r h& to hold ! slide to ! re> 7j en\gh to visually inspect ! *amb] = a r\nd74 ,physically *eck = a r\nd by ins]t+ a f+] ( ! "r h& into ! *amb] area4 ,see figure #b-c4 ,note3 ,at night or 9 l[ light conditions1 ! ,m>9e's visibility is r$uc$2 !re=e1 ! ,m>9e w h to rely on ! physical *eck ) ! f+] to det]m9e if a r\nd is 9 ! *amb]4 ,caution ,pull+ ! slide too f> to ! re> :ile inspect+ ! *amb] may cause a d\ble fe$ or ! ejection ( a r\nd4 ,remove ! f+] f ! *amb] & release t5sion on bo? h&s to all[ ! slide to g =w>d4 ,ensure t ! slide is all ! way =w>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-a4 ,*eck+ ! ,r\nd ,indicator4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-b4 ,placem5t ( ! ,left ,h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-c4 ,*amb] ,*eck4 ,weapons ,comm&s ,weapons comm&s direct ! ,m>9e to safely load1 unload1 & employ ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol4 ,six comm&s are us$ 9 weapons h&l+3 8,load0 ,?is comm& is us$ to take a weapon f ,condition #d to ,condition #c4 8,make ,ready0 ,?is comm& is us$ to take a weapon f ,condition #c to ,condition #a4 8,fire0 ,?is comm& is us$ to engage t>gets4 8,cease ,fire0 ,?is comm& is us$ to cease t>get engagem5t4 8,unload0 ,?is comm& is us$ to take a weapon f any condition to ,condition #d4 8,unload1 ,%[ ,cle>0 ,?is comm& is us$ to require a second individual to *eck ! weapon to v]ify t no ammunition is pres5t be=e ! weapon is put into ,condition #d4 ,load+ ! ,pi/ol ,p]=m ! foll[+ /eps to load ! pi/ol 7take ! pi/ol f ,condition #d to ,condition #c73 ,ensure ! pi/ol is on safe4 ,use ! "r h& to grip ! pi/ol grip firmly4 ,ensure t ! pi/ol is po9t$ 9 a safe direction1 br+ ! trigg] gu>d to ! "r ( eye level & cant ! pi/ol s ! magaz9e well faces inbo>d at approximately a #de-;degree angle to ! deck4 ,draw ! "r elb[ 9 to facilitate control ( ! pi/ol4 ,use ! left h& to remove a fill$ magaz9e f ! ammunition pocket4 ,index ! magaz9e by slid+ ! index f+] along ! =w>d edge ( ! magaz9e4 ,see figure #b-d4 ,ins]t ! fill$ magaz9e into ! magaz9e well by guid+ x ) ! index f+] &1 ) ! f+]s ext5d$1 pu%+ x 9 ) ! heel ( ! h& until x is fully seat$4 ,d n rel9qui% contact ) ! magaz9e until x is fully seat$4 ,see figure #b-e4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-d4 ,index+ ! ,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-e4 ,seat+ ! ,magaz9e4 ,mak+ ! ,pi/ol ,ready ,p]=m ! foll[+ /eps to take ! pi/ol f ,condition #c to ,condition #a3 ,firmly grip ! pi/ol grip ) ! "r h&4 ,ensure t ! pi/ol is po9t$ 9 a safe direction & ! slide is 9 its =w>d position4 ,rotate ! magaz9e well outbo>d to facilitate pull+ ! slide to ! re>4 ,) ! f+]s & ?umb ( ! left h&1 grasp ! s]rat$ sides ( ! slide j =w>d ( ! safety4 ,see figure #b-f4 ,caution ,ensure ! muzzle does n cov] ! h& or f+]s4 ,pull ! slide to its re>mo/ position by pu%+ =w>d ) ! "r h& :ile pull+ back on ! slide ) ! left h&4 ,release ! slide2 ?is /rips a r\nd f ! magaz9e & *amb]s x z ! slide moves =w>d4 ,ensure ! pi/ol rema9s on safe4 ,conduct a *amb] *eck to ensure a r\nd is 9 ! *amb]4 ,note3 ,a *amb] *eck may be conduct$ at any "t to *eck ! pi/ol's condition4 ,fire ,p]=m ! foll[+ /eps to fire ! pi/ol3 ,keep trigg] f+] /raight & use ! "r ?umb to take ! pi/ol (f safe4 ,place ! trigg] f+] on ! trigg] & apply pressure to ! trigg] until ! %ot is fir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-f4 ,grasp+ ! ,slide to ,make ,ready4 ,cease ,fire ,p]=m ! foll[+ /eps to execute a cease fire ( ! pi/ol3 ,remove ! f+] f ! trigg] & place x /raight along ! receiv]4 ,place ! pi/ol on safe )\t break+ ! grip ( ! "r h&4 ,assume a c>ry or transport position4 ,unload+ ! ,pi/ol ,p]=m ! foll[+ /eps to take ! pi/ol f any condition to ,condition #d3 ,use ! "r h& to grip ! pi/ol firmly4 ,ensure t ! pi/ol is on safe4 ,rotate ! pi/ol s ! magaz9e well is po9t$ inbo>d & angl$ d[n4 ,note3 ,! angle ( ! magaz9e well mu/ all[ ! magaz9e to fall freely f ! well once ! magaz9e release button is engag$4 ,depress ! magaz9e release button to remove ! magaz9e f ! pi/ol4 ,cat* ! magaz9e ) ! left h& & reta9 x4 ,pu% upw>d on ! slide /op ) ! "r ?umb & ma9ta9 pressure4 ,rotate ! weapon s ! *amb] is outbo>d4 ,note3 ,a left-h&$ ,m>9e pu%es upw>d on ! slide /op ) ! left index f+]4 ,rea* ov] ! top ( ! pi/ol ) ! left h& & grasp ! slide s]rations ) ! ?umb & index f+]4 ,! left h& %\ld p>tially cov] ! ejection port s x is position$ to cat* an eject$ r\nd4 ,po9t ! pi/ol 9 a safe direction & fully retract ! slide & lock x to ! re>4 ,at ! same "t1 cat* ! eject$ r\nd ) ! left h&4 ,see figure #b-g4 ,rotate ! pi/ol s ! inside ( ! *amb] c be se54 ,visually inspect ! *amb] to ensure x is empty4 ,press ! slide /op to release ! slide & obs]ve x go+ =w>d on an empty *amb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-g4 ,cat*+ ! ,eject$ ,r\nd4 ,unload+ & ,%[+ ! ,pi/ol ,cle> ,p]=m ! foll[+ /eps to take ! pi/ol f any condition to ,condition #d4 ,see figure #b-h4 ,use ! "r h& to grip ! pi/ol firmly4 ,ensure t ! pi/ol is on safe4 ,rotate ! pi/ol s ! magaz9e well is po9t$ inbo>d & angl$ d[n4 ,note3 ,! angle ( ! magaz9e well mu/ all[ ! magaz9e to fall freely f ! well once ! magaz9e release button is engag$4 ,depress ! magaz9e release button to remove ! magaz9e f ! pi/ol4 ,cat* ! magaz9e ) ! left h& & reta9 x4 ,pu% upw>d on ! slide /op ) ! "r ?umb & ma9ta9 pressure4 ,rotate ! weapon s ! *amb] is outbo>d4 ,note3 ,a left-h&$ ,m>9e pu%es upw>d on ! slide /op ) ! left index f+]4 ,rea* ov] ! top ( ! pi/ol ) ! left h& & grasp ! slide s]rations ) ! ?umb & index f+]4 ,! left h& %\ld p>tially cov] ! ejection port s x is position$ to cat* an eject$ r\nd4 ,po9t ! pi/ol 9 a safe direction & fully retract slide & lock x to ! re>4 ,at ! same "t1 cat* ! eject$ r\nd ) ! left h&4 ,rotate ! pi/ol s ! inside ( ! *amb] c be se54 ,visually inspect ! *amb] to ensure x is empty4 ,br+ ! pi/ol to ! adm9i/rative transport & h ano!r ,m>9e visually inspect ! *amb] to ensure t-- ,! *amb] is empty1 no ammunition is pres5t1 & ! magaz9e is remov$4 ,! pi/ol is on safe4 ,ackn[l$ge t ! pi/ol is cle>4 ,press ! slide /op to release ! slide & obs]ve x go+ =w>d on an empty *amb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-h4 ,unload1 ,%[ ,cle>4 ,empty+ ! ,magaz9e ,once ! pi/ol is unload$1 ! pi/ol magaz9e c be empti$ ( ammunition4 ,to empty ! magaz9e1 p]=m ! foll[+ /eps3 ,hold ! magaz9e upright ) ! back ( ! magaz9e tube aga9/ ! palm ( ! h&4 ,pu% ! top r\nd =w>d ) ! ?umb & cat* x ) ! o!r h& z x is remov$4 ,repeat until ! magaz9e is empty4 ,fill+ ! ,magaz9e ,prior to load+ ! pi/ol1 ! pi/ol magaz9e mu/ be fill$ ) ! prescrib$ numb] ( r\nds ( ammunition4 ,see figure #b-i4 ,to fill ! magaz9e1 p]=m ! foll[+ /eps3 ,hold ! magaz9e ) ! back ( ! magaz9e aga9/ ! palm ( ! h& & ! foll[] up4 ,use ! o!r h& to place a r\nd 7prim] end fir/7 on ! foll[] 9 front ( ! magaz9e lips4 ,press d[n on ! r\nd & slide ! r\nd completely back "u ! lips4 ,! ?umb or f+] may pu% d[n on ! back ( ! r\nd to assi/ movem5t4 ,! base ( ! r\nd %\ld be flu% ) ! back ( ! magaz9e4 ,repeat ?is proc$ure until ! magaz9e is fill$ ) ! appropriate numb] ( r\nds4 ,holes on ! back ( ! magaz9e all[ ! visual c\nt+ ( r\nds 9 five-r\nd increm5ts4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-i4 ,fill+ ! ,magaz9e4 ,reload+ ! ,pi/ol ,! ,m>9e's ability to reload ! pi/ol quickly improves 8 *ance = success on ! battlefield4 ,dry ,reload ,a dry reload is conduct$ :5 ! pi/ol runs out ( ammunition dur+ engagem5t & ! slide locks to ! re>4 ,see figure #b-aj4 ,p]=m ! foll[+ /eps to conduct a dry reload ) ! slide lock$ to ! re>3 ,note3 ,! pi/ol is n plac$ on safe dur+ a dry reload2 ! trigg] f+] is tak5 out ( ! trigg] gu>d & plac$ /raight along ! side ( ! receiv]4 ,seek cov]1 if ! situation p]mits4 ,reta9 ! fir+ grip ) ! "r h& & pull ! pi/ol 9 close to ! body to facilitate control4 ,br+ ! trigg] gu>d to ! "r ( eye level & cant ! pi/ol s ! magaz9e well is fac+ inbo>d at approximately a #de-;degree angle to ! deck4 ,see figure #b-aa4 ,press ! magaz9e release button & let ! empty magaz9e fall to ! deck4 ,at ! same "t1 unfa/5 ! ammunition pocket to )draw a fill$ magaz9e4 ,see figure #b-ab4 ,note3 ,! prim>y objective dur+ a dry reload is to get ! pi/ol back 9 action z quickly z possible4 ,foll[+ engagem5t1 retrieve ! magaz9e be=e mov+4 ,grasp ! magaz9e by curl+ ! middle f+] & ?umb ( ! left h& ar\nd ! base ( ! magaz9e1 ) ! index f+] /raight along ! ammunition pocket4 ,see figure #b-ac4 ,index ! magaz9e3 z ! magaz9e is be+ )drawn f ! pocket1 ! index f+] %\ld be along ! front ( ! magaz9e4 ,see figure #b-ad4 ,rotate ! h& up s ! magaz9e is align$ ) ! magaz9e well4 ,glance quickly at ! magaz9e well1 ins]t ! magaz9e into ! magaz9e well 7see fig4 #b-ae74 ,br+ ! eyes back on t>get at ! same "t z ! heel ( ! left h& seats ! magaz9e1 d n rel9qui% contact ) ! magaz9e4 ,see figure #b-af4 ,roll bo? h&s inw>d to e/abli% a two-h&$ grip & press ! slide release ) ! left ?umb to all[ ! slide to move =w>d1 *amb]+ ! fir/ r\nd1 & pres5t ! pi/ol to ! t>get4 ,see figure #b-ag4 ,note3 ,a left-h&$ ,m>9e presses ! slide release ) 8 trigg] f+]4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-aj4 ,pi/ol ,ran ,dry ( ,ammunition4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-aa4 ,br+ ! ,pi/ol ,t[>d ! ,body4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-ab4 ,release ,magaz9e & ,unfa/5 ,ammunition ,pocket4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-ac4 ,grasp+ ! ,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-ad4 ,index+ ! ,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-ae4 ,glance at ! ,magaz9e ,well4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-af4 ,seat+ ! ,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-ag4 ,pres5t ,pi/ol ,back to ,t>get4 ,condition #a ,reload ,9 a ,condition #a reload1 a p>tially-fill$ magaz9e is remov$ f ! pi/ol & replac$ ) a fully fill$ magaz9e4 ,a ,condition #a reload is p]=m$ :5 !re is a lull 9 ! action or :5ev] deem$ necess>y by ! ,m>9e4 ,to p]=m a ,condition #a reload-- ,reta9 ! fir+ grip ) ! "r h& & pull ! pi/ol 9 close to ! body to facilitate control4 ,keep ! pi/ol po9t$ 9 ! direction ( ! likely ?reat4 ,see figure #b-ah4 ,)draw a fill$ magaz9e f ! ammunition pocket ) ! left h&4 ,index ! magaz9e & br+ x up to ! left ( eye level4 ,see figure #b-ai4 ,slide ! index f+] to ! side ( ! magaz9e to grasp ! magaz9e betwe5 ! index & middle f+]s4 ,see figure #b-bj4 ,raise ! pi/ol & br+ ! trigg] gu>d to ! "r ( eye level & cant ! pi/ol s t ! magaz9e well is fac+ inbo>d at approximately a #de-;degree angle to ! deck4 ,note3 ,! angle ( ! magaz9e well mu/ all[ ! magaz9e to fall freely f ! well once ! magaz9e release button is engag$4 ,press ! magaz9e release button ) ! "r ?umb to eject ! p>tially-fill$ magaz9e f ! magaz9e well4 ,grasp ! magaz9e betwe5 ! index f+] & ?umb4 ,see figure #b-ba4 ,ins]t ! fill$ magaz9e into ! magaz9e well 7see fig4 #b-bb74 ,use ! heel ( ! h& to ensure x is fully seat$ 7see fig4 #b-bc74 ,l[] ! pi/ol & po9t x 9 ! direction ( ! likely ?reat4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-ah4 ,facilitat+ ,control ( ,pi/ol4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-ai4 ,)draw+ & ,index+ a ,fill$ ,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-bj4 ,grasp+ a ,fill$ ,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-ba4 ,remov+ a ,p>tially-,fill$ ,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-bb4 ,ins]t+ a ,fill$ ,magaz9e4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-bc4 ,seat+ a ,fill$ ,magaz9e4 ,if "t p]mits1 exam9e ! p>tially-fill$ magaz9e to det]m9e ! numb] ( r\nds rema9+4 ,/[ ! p>tially-fill$ magaz9e 9 ! ammunition pocket = lat] use4 ,reload+ ,consid]ations ,if possible1 take cov] be=e reload+4 ,always reload be=e leav+ cov] to take advantage ( ! protection4 ,:5 reload+1 ! fir/ priority is to reload ! pi/ol quickly s t x is ready to fire4 ,dur+ a reload1 ! ,m>9e focuses on reload+ only--n on ! enemy4 ,! next priority is = ! ,m>9e to reta9 ! magaz9e dur+ ! reload4 ,h[ev]1 ! combat situation may dictate dropp+ ! magaz9e to ! deck :5 p]=m+ a reload 7i4e41 dry reload74 ,if "t p]mits 7i4e41 ,condition #a reload71 ! ,m>9e picks ! magaz9e up or secures ! magaz9e 7e4g41 ammunition pocket1 flak jacket7 be=e mov+ to ano!r location4 ,rem$ial ,action ,! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol is an effective & extremely reliable weapon4 ,prop] c>e & prev5tive ma9t5ance usually ensures ! pi/ol's s]viceability4 ,h[ev]1 /oppages1 :ile infrequ5t1 d occur4 ,to keep ! pi/ol 9 action1 /oppages mu/ be cle>$ z quickly z possible ?r\gh rem$ial action4 ,a malfunction _c be correct$ ?r\gh rem$ial action by ! ,m>9e4 ,/oppage ,a /oppage is an un9t5tional int]ruption 9 ! cycle ( op]ation2 e4g41 ! slide n mov+ =w>d completely4 ,a /oppage is normally discov]$ :5 ! pi/ol w n fire4 ,mo/ /oppages c be prev5t$ by prop] c>e1 clean+1 & lubrication ( ! pi/ol4 ,_m /oppages ( ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol are caus$ by %oot] error4 ,! ,m>9e mu/ be aw>e ( %oot]-induc$ /oppages 9 ord] to avoid !m or to quickly id5tify & correct ! /oppage & return ! pi/ol to action4 ,9 a %oot]-induc$ /oppage1 ! ,m>9e-- ,fails to make ready4 ,fails to take ! pi/ol (f safe prior to fir+4 ,engages safety :ile fir+4 ,engages magaz9e release button :ile fir+4 ,engages slide /op :ile fir+ 7p>ticul>ly preval5t :5 fir+ ) an ,isosceles grip74 ,fails to reset ! trigg]4 ,fails to recognize ! pi/ol has run dry & ! slide has lock$ to ! re>4 ,malfunction ,a malfunction is a failure ( ! pi/ol to fire satisfactorily or to p]=m z design$ 7e4g41 a brok5 front sight t does n affect ! function+ ( ! pi/ol74 ,a malfunction does n necess>ily cause an int]ruption 9 ! cycle ( op]ation4 ,:5 a malfunction occurs1 ! pi/ol mu/ be repair$ by an armor]4 ,rem$ial ,action ,!re is no "o set ( proc$ures 7i4e41 imm$iate action7 t c be p]=m$ to cle> all or ev5 mo/ ( ! /oppages t c occur ) ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol4 ,!re=e1 rem$ial action requires inve/igat+ ! cause ( ! /oppage1 cle>+ ! /oppage1 & return+ ! pi/ol to op]ation4 ,:5 p]=m+ rem$ial action1 ! ,m>9e %\ld seek cov] if ! tactical situation p]mits4 ,once a pi/ol ceases to fire1 ! ,m>9e mu/ visually or physically obs]ve ! pi/ol to id5tify ! problem be=e x c be cle>$3 ,note3 ,! /eps tak5 to cle> ! pi/ol are bas$ on :at is obs]v$4 ,remove ! f+] f ! trigg] & place x /raight along ! receiv]4 ,br+ ! pi/ol 9 close to ! body & 9 a position to obs]ve ! *amb]4 ,pull ! slide to ! re> :ile obs]v+ ! *amb] area to id5tify ! /oppage4 ,see figure #b-bd on page #b-ad4 ,note3 ,ensure ! pi/ol does n move to safe :5 pull+ ! slide to ! re>4 ,correct ! /oppage3 ,if !re is a r\nd 9 ! magaz9e b n 9 ! *amb] 7see fig4 #b-be71 ! slide is releas$ & a r\nd is obs]v$ be+ *amb]$4 ,if a r\nd be+ *amb]$ is n obs]v$1 ! bottom ( ! magaz9e is tapp$ to seat x prop]ly1 & ! slide is rack$ to ! re>4 ,see figure #b-bf4 ,if !re is no r\nd 9 ! magaz9e or *amb]1 a reload is conduct$4 ,see figure #b-bg4 ,fire ! pi/ol4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-bd4 ,obs]v+ ,*amb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-be4 ,r\nd 9 ,magaz9e b ,n 9 ,*amb]4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-bf4 ,r\nd ,n ,be+ ,*amb]$4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-bg4 ,no ,r\nd 9 ,magaz9e or ,*amb]4 ,audible ,pop or ,r$uc$ ,recoil ,,w>n+ ,:5 an audible pop or r$uc$ recoil is exp]i5c$1 ! ,m>9e ,,does ,,n p]=m rem$ial action unless he is 9 a combat environm5t4 ,an audible pop occurs :5 only a portion ( ! propellant is ignit$4 ,x is normally id5tifiable by r$uc$ recoil & ! pi/ol w n cycle4 ,sometimes1 x is accompani$ by excessive smoke escap+ f ! *amb] area4 ,tra9+ ,environm5t ,if an audible pop or r$uc$ recoil is exp]i5c$ dur+ fir+1 cease fire imm$iately4 ,d n apply rem$ial action2 in/ead1 p]=m ! foll[+ /eps3 ,remove ! f+] f ! trigg] & place x /raight along ! receiv]4 ,po9t ! pi/ol d[n range4 ,place ! pi/ol on safe4 ,raise a h& to receive assi/ance f available range p]sonnel4 ,combat ,environm5t ,! tactical situation may dictate correction ( an audible pop or r$uc$ recoil4 ,to cle> ! pi/ol1 p]=m ! foll[+ /eps3 ,remove ! f+] f ! trigg] & place x /raight along ! receiv]4 ,seek cov] if ! tactical situation p]mits4 ,unload ! pi/ol1 b leave ! slide lock$ to ! re>4 ,ins]t some?+ into ! bore & cle> ! ob/ruction4 ,obs]ve ! b>rel = cracks or bulges4 ,reload ! pi/ol4 ,weapons ,c>ries ,z ! ?reat level increases1 s %\ld ! ,m>9e's read9ess = engagem5t4 ,weapons c>ries are design$ to place ! ,m>9e 9 a /ate ( increas$ read9ess z ! ?reat level increases4 ,!re are two c>ries ) ! pi/ol3 ! ,al]t & ! ,ready4 ,! c>ries p]mit quick engagem5t :5 necess>y4 ,al]t ,! ,al]t is us$ :5 enemy contact is likely 7probable74 ,see figure #b-bh4 ,! ,m>9e p]=ms ! foll[+ /eps to assume ! ,al]t3 ,ensure ! pi/ol is on safe4 ,grasp ! pi/ol grip firmly ) two h&s4 ,! trigg] f+] is /raight & ! "r ?umb is on ! safety & 9 a position to ,ext5d ! arms d[n at approximately a #de-;degree angle to ! body or b5d ! elb[s4 ,see figure #b-bi4 ,! muzzle ( ! pi/ol is po9t$ 9 ! likely direction ( ! ?reat4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-bh4 ,al]t4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-bi4 ,al]t--,close ,qu>t]s4 ,ready ,! ,ready is us$ :5 !re is no t>get1 b contact ) ! enemy is imm95t4 ,! ,m>9e p]=ms ! foll[+ /eps to assume ! ,ready 7see fig4 #b-cj73 ,ensure ! pi/ol is on safe4 ,grasp ! pi/ol firmly ) two h&s4 ,! trigg] f+] is /raight & ! "r ?umb is on ! safety & 9 a position to op]ate x4 ,ext5d arms & raise ! pi/ol to j bel[ eye level s a cle> field ( view is ma9ta9$4 ,po9t ! muzzle ( ! pi/ol 9 ! direction ( enemy contact4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-cj4 ,ready4 ,weapons ,transports ,! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol is transport$ 9 ei!r ! hol/] transport or ! adm9i/rative transport4 ,hol/] ,transport ,! hol/] transport is ! mo/ common me?od ( c>ry+ ! pi/ol because x c be transport$ safely 9 ! hol/]4 ,?is transport is us$ :5 !re is no imm$iate ?reat 7enemy contact is remote74 ,see figure #b-ca4 ,to transport ! pi/ol 9 ! hol/]3 ,po9t ! pi/ol 9 a safe direction4 ,,w>n+ ,ensure ! pi/ol is po9t$ 9 a safe direction at all times & does n cov] any "p ( ! body :ile hol/]+4 ,ensure t ! safety is on1 ! slide is =w>d1 & ! trigg] f+] is /raight4 ,use ! "r h& to firmly grip ! pi/ol grip & place ! pi/ol 9 ! hol/]3 ,lift ! flap ( ! hol/] ) ! left h&4 ,look d[n at ! hol/]1 br+ ! pi/ol back to a position above ! hol/]1 & rotate ! muzzle d[n into ! hol/]4 ,pu% ! pi/ol snugly into ! hol/] & fa/5 ! flap ) ! "r h&4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-ca4 ,hol/] ,transport4 ,adm9i/rative ,transport ,! adm9i/rative transport is us$ to transport ! pi/ol :5 ! ,m>9e does n h a hol/]4 ,see figure #b-cb4 ,! ,m>9e p]=ms ! foll[+ /eps to assume ! adm9i/rative transport3 ,e/abli% a firm grip ar\nd ! pi/ol grip ) ! "r h&4 ,ensure ! pi/ol is on safe1 ! magaz9e is remov$1 ! slide is lock$ to ! re>1 & ! trigg] f+] is /raight along ! receiv]4 ,b5d ! elb[ to approximately a #de-;degree angle s ! pi/ol is position$ ne> %\ld] level4 ,! wri/ %\ld be /raight s ! pi/ol's muzzle po9ts up4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-cb4 ,adm9i/rative ,transport4 ,combat ,m9dset ,9 a combat environm5t1 ! ,m>9e mu/ be con/antly prep>$ to engage t>gets4 ,:5 a t>get pres5ts itself1 !re may be little "t to react4 ,! t>get mu/ be engag$ quickly & accurately4 ,x is n en\gh to simply "k m>ksman%ip te*niques1 ! ,m>9e mu/ be able to react in/9ctively4 ,! developm5t ( a combat m9dset c be associat$ ) ! c>ries & hol/] transport = ! pi/ol4 ,! use ( ea* c>ry_/transport is dictat$ by ! p]ceiv$ level ( ?reat4 ,ea* c>ry & transport %\ld signify a /age ( m5tal & physical prep>$ness = combat4 ,! int5sity ( ! ,m>9e's m5tal & physical prep>ation dep5ds on ! likelihood ( enemy contact4 ,physical & ,m5tal ,prep>ation ,physical ,prep>ation ,9 combat1 t>gets c pres5t !mselves )\t w>n+4 ,!re=e1 x is ess5tial = ! ,m>9e to ma9ta9 prop] balance & control ( ! pi/ol at all times s t ! pi/ol c be pres5t$ quickly & ! t>get engag$ accurately4 ,spe$ alone does n equate to effective t>get engagem5t4 ,! ,m>9e %\ld fire only z fa/ z he c fire accurately1 nev] exce$+ 8 physical ability to apply ! fundam5tals ( m>ksman%ip4 ,to be effective 9 combat1 ! ,m>9e mu/ tra9 to p]fect ! physical skills ( %oot+ s !y become second nature4 ,! m physical skills t c be p]=m$ automatically1 ! m conc5tration t c be giv5 to ! m5tal side ( t>get engagem5t4 ,m5tal ,prep>ation ,:ile combat is unpr$ictable & con/antly *ang+1 ! ,m>9e c prep>e m5tally = ! cont+5cies ( ! op]ational sett+ & confrontation ) a ?reat4 ,! /ress ( combat1 c\pl$ ) ! limit$ "t available to engage t>gets1 requires conc5tration on ! m5tal aspects ( t>get engagem5t2 e4g41 id5tification ( t>gets1 %oot_/no-%oot decisionmak+1 & ! selection & use ( cov]4 ,m9imiz+ /ress & maximiz+ ! limit$ "t available to engage t>gets c be accompli%$ by-- ,kn[+ ! combat environm5t & be+ con/antly aw>e ( ! surr\nd+s 7e4g41 t]ra91 available cov]1 possible ?reats7 enables ! ,m>9e to quickly pres5t ! pi/ol & accurately engage t>gets4 ,id5tify+ & evaluat+ possible c\rses ( action & develop+ pot5tial plans = t>get engagem5t t w be appropriate to ! combat situation4 ,in/ill+ confid5ce 9 a ,m>9e's ability to fire well-aim$ %ots 9 ! /ress ( a combat situation4 ,a key factor 9 a ,m>9e's level ( confid5ce is ! degree to :i* he has ma/]$ ! tactics1 te*niques1 & proc$ures ( pi/ol m>ksman%ip4 ,?reat ,levels ,no ,imm$iate ,?reat ,:5 !re is no imm$iate ?reat1 ! ,m>9e assumes ! hol/] transport4 ,! pi/ol %\ld be 9 ,condition #a4 ,?is is ! l[e/ level ( aw>5ess = ! ,m>9e 9 a combat environm5t1 b ! ,m>9e mu/ /ay al]t & aw>e ( any ne>by activity4 ,to prep>e = t>get engagem5t at ?is level1 ! ,m>9e mu/-- ,be aw>e ( likely areas ( enemy contact4 ,be aw>e ( ! condition ( 8 pi/ol4 ,e/abli% a plan or c\rse ( action to pres5t ! pi/ol to a t>get %\ld a t>get appe>4 ,m5tally review appropriate actions su* z reload+ & rem$ial action4 ,contact ,likely 7,probable7 ,if enemy contact is likely 7probable71 ! ,m>9e assumes ! ,al]t4 ,:5 enemy contact is likely1 ! ,m>9e %\ld-- ,expect enemy contact & be con/antly prep>$ to pres5t ! pi/ol4 ,se>* ! entire area = indications ( enemy t>gets & = suitable t]ra9 features t (f] cov] & concealm5t4 ,! ,m>9e %\ld avoid re/rict+ ! se>* to a s+le t]ra9 feature because ?is h9d]s aw>5ess to a sector ( ! battlefield & to approa* by ! enemy4 ,be m5tally prep>$ = contact4 ,plan a c\rse ( action = imm$iate response to a t>get4 ,modify ! plan ( action z ne$$4 ,be physically prep>$ to fire4 ,ma9ta9 prop] balance at all times4 ,avoid self-induc$ physical fatigue4 ,= example1 d n grip ! pi/ol s tightly t f+]s1 h&s1 & arms tire f c>ry+ ! pi/ol4 ,contact ,imm95t ,:5 contact ) an enemy t>get is imm95t1 assume ! ,ready4 ,9 ?is c>ry1 ! ,m>9e is at ! highe/ level ( aw>5ess & is con/antly se>*+ = & expect+ a t>get4 ,to fire well-aim$ %ots ^u t>get detection1 ! ,m>9e mu/ be at ! peak ( 8 m5tal prep>ation1 all di/ractions mu/ be elim9at$1 & 8 focus mu/ be on fir+ an accurate %ot4 ,9 ! ,ready1 ! ,m>9e mu/-- ,keep ! pi/ol ori5t$ 9 ! g5]al direction ( obs]vation 7eyes1 muzzle1 t>get74 ,ma9ta9 a cle> field ( view above ! pi/ol sights until ! t>get is detect$4 ,be m5tally & physically prep>$ to engage ! t>get4 ,! ,m>9e mu/ be ready to3 ,id5tify ! t>get4 ,sweep ! safety4 ,apply ! fundam5tals ( m>ksman%ip4 ,move only z fa/ z he is capable ( deliv]+ well-aim$ %ots1 ensur+ t spe$ ( engagem5t does n exce$ 8 physical abilities4 ,se>* ! entire area = indications ( enemy t>gets1 l[]+ ! pi/ol en\gh to obs]ve a cle> field ( view ( ! area4 ,transf]r+ ! ,pi/ol ,! ,m>9e's ability to transf] a pi/ol to ano!r ,m>9e is critical to safe weapons h&l+4 ,!re are two me?ods = transf]r+ ! pi/ol f "o ,m>9e to ano!r3 %[ cle> transf] & condition unkn[n transf]4 ,ea* transf] is p]=m$ bas$ on ! op]ational environm5t_/combat situation4 ,%[ ,cle> ,transf] ,to transf] ! pi/ol-- ,grasp ! pi/ol firmly 9 ! "r h& :ile ensur+ t ! pi/ol is on safe4 ,remove & reta9 ! magaz9e4 ,lock ! slide to ! re> & cat* ! r\nd if !re is a r\nd 9 ! *amb]4 ,inspect ! *amb] visually to ensure x is empty & leave ! slide lock$ to ! re>4 ,to transf] ! pi/ol-- ,if ! receiv+ ,m>9e is to ! "r3 ,cradle ! trigg] gu>d 9 ! palm ( ! left h& & wrap ! f+]s ar\nd ! top ( ! pi/ol4 ,release ! fir+ grip4 ,if ! receiv+ ,m>9e is to ! left3 ,) ! left h&1 grasp ! slide ( ! pi/ol ) ! ?umb ov] ! slide & ! f+]s und]nea?4 ,release ! fir+ grip4 ,ensure t ! muzzle po9ts up at a #de-;degree angle 9 a safe direction & ! *amb] expos$4 ,h& ! pi/ol to ! o!r ,m>9e1 grip fir/4 ,see figure #b-cc4 ,! receiv+ ,m>9e-- ,grasps ! pi/ol grip ) ! trigg] f+] /raight along ! receiv]4 ,inspects ! *amb] visually to ensure x is empty4 ,ensures ! pi/ol is on safe4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-cc4 ,%[ ,cle> ,transf]4 ,condition ,unkn[n ,transf] ,to transf] ! pi/ol-- ,grasp ! pi/ol firmly 9 ! "r h& :ile ensur+ t ! pi/ol is on safe4 ,to transf] ! pi/ol-- ,if ! receiv+ ,m>9e is to ! "r3 ,cradle ! trigg] gu>d 9 ! palm ( ! left h& & wrap ! f+]s ar\nd ! top ( ! pi/ol4 ,release ! fir+ grip4 ,see figure #b-cd4 ,if ! receiv+ ,m>9e is to ! left3 ,) ! left h&1 grasp ! slide ( ! pi/ol ) ! ?umb ov] ! slide & ! f+]s und]nea?4 ,release ! fir+ grip4 ,see figure #b-ce4 ,ensure t ! muzzle po9ts up at a #de-;degree angle 9 a safe direction4 ,h& ! pi/ol to ! receiv+ ,m>9e1 grip fir/4 ,! receiv+ ,m>9e-- ,grasps ! pi/ol grip ) ! trigg] f+] /raight along ! receiv]4 ,ensures ! pi/ol is on safe4 ,conducts a *amb] *eck to det]m9e ! condition ( ! pi/ol4 ,remove ! magaz9e & c\nt ! numb] ( r\nds 9 ! magaz9e by us+ ! c\nt+ holes1 if "t p]mits4 ,re-ins]t ! magaz9e into ! magaz9e well ensur+ x is fully seat$4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-cd4 ,condition ,unkn[n ,transf] to ! ,"r4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #b-ce4 ,condition ,unkn[n ,transf] to ! ,left4 ,,*apt] #c ,,fundam5tals ,,( ,,pi/ol ,,m>ksman%ip ,! fundam5tals ( pi/ol m>ksman%ip are aim+1 trigg] control1 & brea? control4 ,und]/&+ & apply+ ! basic pi/ol m>ksman%ip fundam5tals ensures ! ,m>9e's effectiv5ess 9 t>get engagem5t4 ,! fundam5tals mu/ be cont9ually /udi$ & practic$ because !y are ! means by :i* accurate %ots are plac$ on t>get4 ,a ,m>9e ) a solid f\ndation 9 ! fundam5tals ( m>ksman%ip w be successful 9 ! application ( ^! fundam5tals dur+ combat4 ,aim+ ,ma9ta9+ ! correct relation%ip betwe5 ! pi/ol sights is ess5tial = accurate t>get engagem5t4 ,because ( ! %ort di/ance betwe5 ! pi/ol sights1 a small error 9 _! alignm5t causes a consid]able error at ! t>get4 ,sight ,alignm5t ,sight alignm5t is ! relation%ip betwe5 ! front sight & re> sight ) respect to ! aim+ eye4 ,correct sight alignm5t is ! front sight c5t]$ 9 ! re> sight not* ) ! top edge ( ! front sight level align$ ) ! top edge ( ! re> sight4 ,!re %\ld be equal space on ei!r side ( ! front sight4 ,see figure #c-a4 ,illu/ration3 ,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,al?\gh a caption exi/s = x1 ?is image 0 n pr9t$ 9 ! orig9al book4 ,figure #c-a4 ,sight ,alignm5t4 ,e/abli%+ ,sight ,alignm5t ,! pi/ol is fir$ )\t b5efit ( bone support2 !re=e1 ! pi/ol is 9 con/ant motion4 ,! ,m>9e mu/ und]/& ?is1 yet cont9ually /rive to align ! sights4 ,to fire accurately1 ! sights mu/ be align$ :5 ! %ot breaks4 ,grip ,! grip is key to acquir+ sight alignm5t4 ,if ! grip is correct1 ! front & re> sights %\ld align naturally4 ,dry fire dur+ pres5tation ( ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol aids 9 obta9+ a grip t all[s sight alignm5t to be acquir$ consi/5tly4 ,controll$ ,muscul> ,t5sion ,!re mu/ be en\gh controll$ muscul> t5sion 9 ! grip1 wri/s1 & =e>ms to hold ! pi/ol /eady & level ! b>rel to ma9ta9 sight alignm5t4 ,consi/5t t5sion /abilizes ! sights & ma9ta9s sight alignm5t4 ,sight ,picture ,sight picture is ! placem5t ( ! front sight 9 relation to ! t>get :ile ma9ta9+ sight alignm5t4 ,see figure #c-b on page #c-b4 ,because ! pi/ol is con/antly mov+1 sight picture is acquir$ )9 an aim+ area t is locat$ c5t] mass on ! t>get4 ,! aim+ area all[s = movem5t ( ! sights on ! t>get :ile ma9ta9+ sight alignm5t4 ,ea* ,m>9e def9es an acceptable aim+ area )9 8 own ability to /abilize ! sights4 ,"t1 di/ance to ! t>get1 & p]sonal ability affect dictate ! aim+ area4 ,z ! ,m>9e becomes m pr(ici5t ) ! pi/ol1 ! aim+ area becomes m precise4 ,! aim+ area is det]m9$ by ! ,m>9e's /ability ( hold4 ,! prop] grip /abilizes ! sights s sight alignm5t c be ma9ta9$1 b ! sights move cont9u\sly )9 ! aim+ area ( ! t>get4 ,! ,m>9e und]/&s ! pi/ol's movem5t & le>ns to apply trigg] control z he is obta9+ sight alignm5t_/sight picture )9 ! aim+ area s ! %ot breaks ! mom5t sight picture is e/abli%$4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #c-b4 ,sight ,picture4 ,relation%ip ,betwe5 ! ,eye & ! ,sights ,! human eye c focus cle>ly on only "o object at a "t4 ,! ,m>9e mu/ focus on ! top edge ( ! front sight & fire ! %ot :ile ma9ta9+ ! relation%ip betwe5 ! front & re> sights )9 ! aim+ area4 ,focus+ on ! top edge ( ! front sight r ?an ! t>get keeps ! front sight cle> & di/9ct1 :i* all[s ! ,m>9e to detect m9or v>iations 9 sight alignm5t4 ,second>y vision all[s ! ,m>9e to see ! t>get 7al?\gh slightly blurr$7 & ma9ta9 sight picture )9 8 aim+ area4 ,trigg] ,control ,trigg] control is ! ,m>9e's skillful manipulation ( ! trigg] t causes ! pi/ol to fire :ile ma9ta9+ sight alignm5t & sight picture4 ,prop] trigg] control aids 9 ma9ta9+ sight alignm5t :ile ! %ot is fir$4 ,sight ,alignm5t & ,trigg] ,control ,aim+ & trigg] control are mutually supportive--"o _c be p]=m$ )\t ! o!r4 ,sight alignm5t & trigg] control mu/ be p]=m$ simultane\sly to fire an accurate %ot4 ,z pressure is appli$ to ! trigg]1 ! sights may move1 caus+ !m to be misalign$4 ,to fire accurate %ots1 ! sights mu/ be align$ :5 ! %ot breaks4 ,trigg] control c actually assi/ 9 align+ ! sights4 ,) prop] trigg] f+] placem5t & consi/5t muscul> t5sion appli$ to ! grip1 ! sights c be controll$ z ! trigg] is mov$ to ! re>4 ,if ! sights move ext5sively :ile press+ ! trigg]1 ?is c indicate an improp] grip or inconsi/5cy 9 ! muscul> t5sion be+ appli$ to ! grip4 ,grip ,a firm grip is ess5tial = good trigg] control4 ,! grip is e/abli%$ be=e apply+ trigg] control & is ma9ta9$ ?r\gh\t ! fir+ process4 ,to e/abli% ! grip1 ! h& is plac$ ar\nd ! pi/ol grip 9 a location t all[s ! trigg] f+] to move ! trigg] /raight to ! re> :ile ma9ta9+ sight alignm5t4 ,once ! grip is e/abli%$1 x %\ld be firm en\gh to all[ manipulation ( ! trigg] :ile ma9ta9+ sight alignm5t4 ,! pressure appli$ to ! grip mu/ be equal to or m ?an ! pressure requir$ to move ! trigg] to ! re>4 ,if ! pressure is n appli$ correctly1 ! sights move z ! trigg] is press$ to ! re> & sight alignm5t is di/urb$4 ,trigg] ,f+] ,placem5t ,once ! grip is e/abli%$1 ! f+] is plac$ on ! trigg]4 ,placem5t ( ! f+] %\ld be natural & all[ free movem5t ( ! trigg] f+]4 ,a natural trigg] f+] placem5t all[s ! trigg] to be mov$ /raight to ! re> :ile ma9ta9+ sight alignm5t4 ,if ! f+] presses ! trigg] to ! side1 x c cause an error 9 sight alignm5t & %ot placem5t4 ,ea* ,m>9e mu/ exp]im5t ) f+] placem5t 9 ord] to det]m9e effective placem5t on ! trigg]4 ,once e/abli%$1 effective trigg] f+] placem5t all[s ! trigg] to be consi/5tly mov$ /raight to ! re> :ile ma9ta9+ sight alignm5t4 ,types ( ,trigg] ,control ,un9t]rupt$ ,trigg] ,control ,dur+ un9t]rupt$ trigg] control1 ! ,m>9e applies a /eady1 un*ang+ pressure to ! trigg] until ! %ot is fir$4 ,un9t]rupt$ trigg] control is p>ticul>ly effective at close range1 :5 ! t>get area is l>ge1 & :5 /ability ( hold is n critical = accuracy4 ,to apply un9t]rupt$ trigg] control1 apply pressure on ! trigg] :ile ma9ta9+ focus on ! top edge ( ! front sight4 ,cont9ue pressure on ! trigg] to beg9 mov+ ! trigg] /raight to ! re> :ile obta9+ sight alignm5t & sight picture4 ,move ! trigg] /raight to ! re> 9 a s+le1 smoo? motion ) no hesitation4 ,int]rupt$ ,trigg] ,control ,int]rupt$ trigg] control is p>ticul>ly effective at long] ranges1 :5 ! t>get is small1 & :5 /ability ( hold is critical to ma9ta9+ sight picture 9 ! aim+ area4 ,?is me?od is also us$ if ! pi/ol sights move outside ! aim+ area :5 apply+ trigg] control4 ,if ! sight picture is outside ! aim+ area1 ! ,m>9e /ops & holds ! re>w>d movem5t on ! trigg] until sight picture is re-e/abli%$4 ,:5 sight picture is re-e/abli%$1 ! re>w>d movem5t ( ! trigg] is cont9u$ until ! %ot is fir$4 ,brea? ,control ,brea?+ causes movem5t ( ! *e/1 abdom51 & %\ld]s1 :i* causes ! pi/ol sights to move v]tically :ile attempt+ to aim & fire4 ,!re=e1 x is necess>y to /op brea?+ = a p]iod ( "t :ile fir+ a %ot or a s]ies ( %ots4 ,! object ( brea? control is to /op brea?+ j long en\gh to fire ! %ot :ile ma9ta9+ sight alignm5t1 /abiliz+ ! sights1 & e/abli%+ ! sight picture4 ,to be consi/5t1 ! brea? %\ld be held at ! same po9t 9 ! brea?+ cycle2 i4e41 ! natural respiratory pause4 ,brea?+ %\ld n be /opp$ = too long because x has adv]se visual & physical effects4 ,hold+ ! brea? long] ?an is com=table results 9 a lack ( oxyg5 t causes vision to det]iorate & !n affects ! ability to focus on ! sights4 ,application ( ,m>ksman%ip ,fundam5tals 9 ,field ,fir+ ,compression ( ! ,fundam5tals ,pi/ol engagem5ts typically occur ov] close di/ances & are %ort 9 duration4 ,because an imm$iate response to ! ?reat is requir$1 ! application ( ! fundam5tals mu/ be a condition$ response t is executable 9 a compress$ "t4 ,! goal ( successful1 quick t>get engagem5t is ! application ( ! fundam5tals ( m>ksman%ip :ile fir+ ! %ot ! mom5t weapon pres5tation is complete4 ,! "t requir$ to move ! trigg] to ! re> :ile acquir+ & ma9ta9+ sight alignm5t & sight picture is unique to ea* ,m>9e & is bas$ on 8 capabilities4 ,ea* ,m>9e %\ld "k 8 abilities & fire only z quickly z he is capable ( fir+ accurately4 ,! ,m>9e mu/ n exce$ 8 %oot+ skills 9 an ef=t to get r\nds (f quickly4 ,aim+ ,9 field fir+1 ! fundam5tals are appli$ 9 a compress$ "t s sight alignm5t & sight picture are a*iev$ z ! %ot is fir$4 ,al?\gh ! t>get mu/ be quickly engag$ 9 combat1 sight alignm5t is /ill ! fir/ priority3 /rive = a cle> front sight4 ,di/ance to ! t>get & ! size ( ! t>get affects sight aligmn5t z foll[s3 ,z ! di/ance to ! t>get increases & ! size ( ! t>get decreases1 sight alignm5t becomes m critical to t>get engagem5t4 ,accurate sight picture_/sight alignm5t _c be compromis$ = spe$4 ,sight alignm5t is critical to ! effective engagem5t ( small] t>gets su* z p>tially expos$ t>gets4 ,z ! di/ance to ! t>get decreases1 p]fect sight alignm5t is n z critical1 b !re mu/ be a relation%ip betwe5 ! sights & _! placem5t on ! t>get )9 ! aim+ area to ensure accuracy4 ,trigg] ,control ,prop] trigg] control aids 9 ma9ta9+ sight alignm5t :ile ! %ot is fir$4 ,z pressure is appli$ to ! trigg]1 ! sights may move1 caus+ !m to be misalign$4 ,!re=e1 ! ,m>9e is con/antly re-align+ ! sights z pressure is appli$ to ! trigg]4 ,sight alignm5t & trigg] control mu/ be p]=m$ simultane\sly to fire an accurate %ot4 ,brea? ,control ,dur+ combat1 ! ,m>9e's brea?+ & he>t rate (t5 increase due to physical ex]tion or ! /ress ( battle4 ,! key to brea? control 9 field fir+ is to /op brea?+ j long en\gh to fire an accurate %ot or a s]ies ( %ots4 ,,*apt] #d ,,pi/ol ,,fir+ ,,positions ,,& ,,grip ,! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol is fir$ f ! /&+1 kneel+1 & prone positions4 ,ea* fir+ position may be adapt$ to ei!r a ,weav] or ,isosceles v>iation1 ea* possess+ a di/9ct advantage 9 combat4 ,! ,weav] v>iation /abilizes ! pi/ol sights4 ,! ,isosceles v>iation manages recoil4 ,! advantages apply :e!r ! ,m>9e is fir+ 9 ! /&+1 kneel+1 or prone position4 ,! ,m>9e mu/ select & assume a /able fir+ position t provides a solid f\ndation = accurate %oot+ :ile meet+ ! dem&s ( ! combat situation4 ,note3 ,! proc$ures 9 ?is *apt] are writt5 = "r-h&$ ,m>9es2 left-h&$ ,m>9es %\ld rev]se directions z ne$$4 ,! ,pi/ol ,fir+ ,position ,dur+ combat1 ! ,m>9e selects a fir+ position bas$ on mobility1 obs]vation ( ! enemy1 & /ability4 ,mobility ,a fir+ position mu/ provide mobility %\ld ! ,m>9e ne$ to move4 ,! /&+ position p]mits maximum mobility because x is quickly assum$ & easily maneuv]$ f & x p]mits lat]al mobility to engage widely disp]s$ t>gets4 ,! prone position provides limit$ mobility because x is ! mo/ "t-consum+ position to get into & out ( & x lacks ! lat]al mobility requir$ to engage disp]s$ t>gets4 ,obs]vation ( ! ,enemy ,a fir+ position %\ld all[ obs]vation ( ! enemy :ile m9imiz+ ! ,m>9e's exposure4 ,dur+ combat !re c be _m ob/ructions to a cle> field ( view4 ,t]ra9 features su* z vegetation1 e>? cont\rs1 & manmade /ructures (t5 dictate ! fir+ position4 ,! prone position normally all[s ! lea/ exposure1 b x usually provides a limit$ field ( view4 ,kneel+ may provide a wid] field ( view1 b g5]ally provides less concealm5t4 ,/ability ,a solid fir+ position e/abli%es a /able f\ndation = t>get engagem5t & provides accurate & consi/5t %oot+4 ,! def9ition ( a /able position is "o 9 :i* ! body is position$ s z to resi/ =ces t cause motion 7i4e41 recoil & movem5t ( ! pi/ol sights74 ,! /&+ position is ! lea/ /able fir+ position1 :ile ! prone is ! mo/ /able fir+ position4 ,a consi/5t1 /able position is assum$ = two di/9ct purposes3 ,m9imize ! pi/ol's movem5t 9 ord] to control ! sights & to deliv] accurate fire on a t>get4 ,m9imize ! affects ( recoil 9 ord] to recov] ! sights to ! same area on ! t>get4 ,dur+ combat1 x may be necess>y to engage ! same t>get m ?an once to elim9ate x4 ,if ! fir+ position is /able1 ! pi/ol's sights %\ld recov] to ! same area on ! t>get1 all[+ rapid re-enactm5t4 ,di/ribut+ ! body's weight to balance ! position also /abilizes ! pi/ol & all[s bett] managem5t ( recoil4 ,a pi/ol fir+ position is /abiliz$ ?r\gh controll$ muscul> t5sion4 ,because ! pi/ol is fir$ )\t b5efit ( bone support1 muscul> t5sion is ne$$ 9 ! body to /abilize ! position & ! pi/ol sights4 ,muscul> t5sion mu/ foll[ ^! guidel9es-- ,a consi/5t am\nt ( muscul> t5sion is ne$$ to hold ! pi/ol /eady s ! sights are align$ ) ! aim+ eye & ! t>get4 ,controll$ & consi/5t t5sion 9 ! body provides resi/ance t ! ,m>9e uses to manage recoil & br+ ! sights back on t>get quick]4 ,h[ev]1 too mu* t5sion c cause /ra9 or trembl+4 ,muscul> t5sion is correct :5 ! ,m>9e c control ! pi/ol be=e1 dur+1 & aft] fir+ ! %ot4 ,pi/ol ,fir+ ,grip ,a prop] grip is "o t provides maximum control ( ! pi/ol be=e1 dur+1 & aft] fir+4 ,x /abilizes ! pi/ol sights be=e fir+1 all[s trigg] control to be appli$ dur+ fir+1 & manages recoil aft] fir+4 ,be=e ,fir+3 ,/abilize ! ,sights ,to fire an accurate %ot1 ! sights mu/ be /abiliz$ prior to & z ! bullet exits ! muzzle ( ! pi/ol4 ,a prop] grip controls ! alignm5t ( ! pi/ol's sights & /abilizes ! sights s an accurate %ot may be fir$4 ,! foll[+ guidel9es apply to ! e/abli%m5t ( a prop] grip-- ,!re mu/ be muscul> t5sion 9 ! wri/ & =e>ms4 ,consi/5t muscul> t5sion 9 ! wri/1 =e>ms1 & grip helps ma9ta9 sight alignm5t by r$uc+ ! movem5t 9 ! grip t c cause movem5t 9 ! sights4 ,! grip is correct :5 x all[s ! sights to be naturally align$ to ! aim+ eye4 ,:5 e/abli%+ a two-h&$ grip1 equal pressure mu/ be appli$ ) bo? h&s4 ,consi/5t1 equal pressure f bo? h&s /abilizes ! sights & all[s !m to be align$ & level ) respect to ! aim+ eye4 ,! h& grips z high on ! back /rap z possible1 br++ ! c5t]l9e ( ! bore z close z possible to a p>allel l9e ) ! bones 9 ! =e>m4 ,dur+ ,fir+3 ,all[ ,trigg] ,control ,! ,m>9e's grip provides a f\ndation = ! movem5t ( ! trigg] f+]4 ,! trigg] f+] applies positive pressure on ! trigg] z an indep5d5t action1 completely free ( ! o!r muscles ( ! gripp+ h&4 ,! ,m>9e %\ld n apply excessive pressure to ! web ( ! h& t\*+ ! pi/ol's back /rap because excessive pressure int]f]es ) ! manipulation ( ! trigg] by ! trigg] f+]4 ,aft] ,fir+3 ,manage ,recoil ,once a %ot is fir$1 ! pi/ol recoils1 di/urb+ alignm5t ( ! sights4 ,a prop] grip facilitates a quick recov]y f recoil s ! sights quickly return to ! same area on ! t>get4 ,! ,m>9e's grip det]m9es ! foll[+ dur+ recoil3 ,! am\nt ! muzzle climbs dur+ recoil dep5ds on ! am\nt ( controll$ muscul> t5sion 9 ! grip & wri/s appli$ to /abilize ! pi/ol & create consi/5cy 9 resi/ance to recoil4 ,controll$ muscul> t5sion all[s ! sights to recov] consi/5tly back on t>get )9 a m9imum am\nt ( "t4 ,firm1 equal pressure mu/ be appli$ to ! grip ) bo? h&s to ensure t ! pi/ol does n slip dur+ recoil4 ,an improp] grip or lack ( controll$ muscul> t5sion causes ! pi/ol to move aft] ! %ot is fir$1 disrupt+ sight alignm5t & requir+ ! ,m>9e to re-e/abli% 8 grip4 ,lock+ out ! wri/ ( ! fir+ h&1 simil> to execut+ a pun*1 helps provide resi/ance to recoil & spe$ recov]y4 ,! elb[s %\ld be at a position slightly less ?an lock$ out to help absorb ! recoil & aid 9 recoil managem5t4 ,)draw+ ! ,pi/ol ,f ! ,hol/] ,! fir+ grip is n e/abli%$ 9 ! hol/]1 h[ev]1 a prop] fir+ grip c be assum$ quickly if ! pi/ol is )drawn f ! hol/] correctly4 ,! pi/ol %\ld be )drawn f ! hol/] 9 "o cont9u\s1 fluid motion3 ,place ! heel ( ! left h& at ! c5t] ( ! torso ) ! f+]s ext5d$ t[>d ! t>get4 ,at ! same "t1 unfa/5 & release ! ,d-r+ ) ! "r h&4 ,see figure #d-a4 ,note3 ,! left h& is plac$ on ! torso 9 a position t all[s a two-h&$ fir+ grip to be e/abli%$ 9 a m9imum am\nt ( movem5t4 ,place ! "r ?umb on ! =w>d edge ( ! l[] portion ( ! hol/] & ! f+]s ar\nd ! back edge ( ! hol/]1 keep+ ! trigg] f+] /raight4 ,see figure #d-b4 ,note3 ,! left h& may assi/ 9 hold+ ! hol/] flap up4 ,slide ! h& up ! hol/] until ! f+]s come 9 contact ) ! pi/ol grip4 ,at ! same "t1 keep ! ?umb above ! pi/ol to guide ! hol/] flap up4 ,see figure #d-c on page #d-d4 ,grasp ! pi/ol grip ) ! f+]s & draw ! pi/ol /raight up4 ,cont9ue )draw+ ! pi/ol :ile mov+ ! ?umb to a position on ! safety4 ,see figure #d-d on page #d-d4 ,note3 ,?is h& placem5t all[s a fir+ grip to be e/abli%$ once ! ?umb dis5gages ! safety4 ,any adju/m5ts made to ! fir+ grip aft] ! safety is dis5gag$ %\ld be m9or4 ,once ! muzzle cle>s ! hol/]1 rotate ! muzzle =w>d to cle> ! body4 ,ensure ! muzzle is po9t$ 9 a safe direction4 ,e/abli% a two-h&$ grip on ! pi/ol by jo9+ ! left h& ) ! "r h& 9 ! front ( ! torso4 ,see figure #d-e4 ,caution ,ensure ! muzzle does n cov] ! left h& :5 e/abli%+ ! two-h&$ grip4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-a4 ,)draw+ ! ,pi/ol ,f ! ,hol/]--,/ep #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-b4 ,)draw+ ! ,pi/ol ,f ! ,hol/]--,/ep #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-c4 ,)draw+ ! ,pi/ol ,f ! ,hol/]--,/ep #c4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-d4 ,)draw+ ! ,pi/ol ,f ! ,hol/]--,/ep #d4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-e4 ,)draw+ ! ,pi/ol ,f ! ,hol/]--,/ep #e4 ,weav] & ,isosceles ,v>iations ,! size ( ! t>get1 di/ance to ! t>get1 "t1 & type ( engagem5t ne$$ 7i4e41 two %ots1 s+le precision %ot7 det]m9e :e!r to fire 9 ! ,weav] or ,isosceles v>iation4 ,! ,weav] & ,isosceles v>iations ea* consi/ ( ?ree fir+ positions3 /&+1 kneel+1 & prone4 ,! fir+ position *os5 is bas$ on ! combat situation & ! ,m>9e's body configuration1 & x mu/ p]mit balance1 control1 & /ability dur+ fir+4 ,9 addition1 !re is a specific fir+ grip t supports ea* position & ! comb9ation ( ! grip & ! body configuration is key to e/abli%+ ! v>iation4 ,see table #d-a = a li/ ( advantages & disadvantages ( bo? ! ,weav] & ! ,isosceles v>iations4 ,table #d-a4 ,advantages & ,disadvantages4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,v>iation ,advantages ,disadvantages ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,weav] ,additional balance1 control1 ,recoil has a great] impact & /ability ( hold dur+ due to ! h& placem5t fir+ due to placem5t ( on ! pi/ol 7"s ( ! ! arms 7left arm b5t1 pi/ol grip is expos$ & pi/ol is 9 close to ! pressure is appli$ 9 two body74 diff]5t directions ar\nd ! pi/ol74 ,easi] to ma9ta9 sight ,recov]y ( ! sights back picture because ! pi/ol's on t>get may take long] f\ndation is /eady4 s9ce recoil is affect$4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,isosceles ,recoil has a less] impact ,/ability ( hold is because muscul> t5sion & degrad$ due to ! pi/ol grip pressure are ev5ly be+ fur!r f ! body di/ribut$ ar\nd ! )\t support4 pi/ol4 ,all[s quick] recov]y ( ,s9ce x is h>d] to /eady ! sights on t>get4 ! pi/ol1 acquir+ sight picture becomes m difficult4 ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------ ,at long] ranges1 ! t>get is small]1 a m precise %ot is requir$ to elim9ate ! t>get1 & any small movem5t moves ! sights (f ! t>get2 !re=e1 ! pi/ol mu/ be /eadi$4 ,al?\gh ! ,weav] v>iation is effective at any di/ance1 "s aspects ( ! position make x m effective = long range or precision %ots on small or p>tially expos$ t>gets2 i4e41 sight alignm5t & sight picture are easi] = /ability ( hold4 ,! ,isosceles v>iation is effective at any di/ance1 h[ev]1 "s aspects ( ! position make x m effective = close range engagem5ts4 ,:5 confront$ ) a t>get1 ! natural physical reaction is to face ! t>get & pu% out ) ! arms4 ,?is makes ! ,isosceles v>iation advantage\s = quick engagem5ts at close range4 ,:5 a t>get is at close range1 x mu/ be engag$ quickly be=e x engages ! ,m>9e4 ,! managem5t ( recoil is a bigg] factor 9 close-range engagem5ts because x is m likely t multiple %ots w be fir$ to elim9ate ! t>get & ! sights h to recov] quickly back on t>get4 ,h[ev]1 at close ranges1 ! t>get is l>g] s /ability ( hold is n z important because x is easi] to hold ! sights on t>get & sight picture is n z critical4 ,/&+ ,position ,! /&+ position is ! mo/ (t5 employ$ position dur+ a pi/ol engagem5t due to ! %ort di/ance ( ! engagem5t & ! nature ( combat4 ,:5 prop]ly assum$1 ! /&+ position provides a /able base = fir+1 a cle> field ( view1 & excell5t mobility4 ,! /&+ position c be adapt$ to ei!r ! ,weav] v>iation or ! ,isosceles v>iation4 ,weav] ,/&+ ,position ,! key to successful employm5t ( ! ,weav] v>iation is ! body's angle to ! t>get & ! pu%-pull pressure appli$ to ! grip4 ,see figure #d-f4 ,to assume ! ,weav] /&+ position-- ,face ! t>get & make a half turn to ! "r1 keep+ ! pi/ol ori5t$ t[>d ! t>get4 ,?is ori5ts ! body at approximately a #dj to #fj degree angle oblique to ! t>get4 ,! %\ld]s are angl$ to ! t>get1 ! left %\ld] =w>d ( ! "r4 ,! feet are ab\t %\ld]-wid? ap>t1 ! left foot =w>d ( ! "r4 ,grip ! pi/ol grip firmly ) ! "r h&4 ,place ! "r ?umb on ! safety4 ,keep ! %\ld]s at a #dj to #fj degree angle oblique to ! t>get & raise ! "r arm & ext5d x across ! body t[>d ! t>get4 ,ensure t ! "r %\ld] does n roll =w>d or turn t[>d ! t>get4 ,ext5d ! left arm to ! t>get1 b5d+ ! left elb[ to jo9 ! left & "r h&s4 ,! left elb[ is inv]t$ & tuck$ 9 t[>d ! body s ! left arm supports ! pi/ol4 ,note3 ,! angle ( ! body det]m9es h[ mu* ! elb[ b5ds4 ,e/abli% a two-h&$ fir+ grip 9 ! ,weav] v>iation4 ,see figure #d-g4 ,place ! palm ( ! left h& ov] ! front ( ! "r h& s ! palm cov]s ! curl$ f+]s ( ! "r h&4 ,! trigg] gu>d %\ld re/ 9 ! 8,v0 =m$ by ! left ?umb & =ef+]4 ,! knuckles ( ! left h& are j outbo>d ( ! trigg] gu>d4 ,a portion ( ! pi/ol grip is expos$4 ,re/ ! trigg] f+] naturally1 /raight & outside ( ! trigg] gu>d1 s ! f+] c be mov$ quickly & easily to ! trigg]4 ,re/ ! left ?umb aga9/ ! receiv] s t bo? ?umbs are on ! left side ( ! pi/ol4 ,once ! safety is dis5gag$ ) ! "r ?umb1 ! left ?umb is plac$ ov] ! "r ?umb & positive pressure is appli$ to hold ! "r ?umb 9 place4 ,apply re>w>d pressure ) ! left h& & =w>d pressure ) ! "r h& to a*ieve a 8pu%-pull0 grip4 ,isometric t5sion 7pu%-pull7 /abilizes ! pi/ol dur+ fir+4 ,lean =w>d slightly & apply muscul> t5sion ?r\gh\t ! body to /abilize ! position & manage recoil4 ,! muscul> t5sion 9 ! upp] body is n symmetrical due to ! 8pu%-pull0 t5sion appli$ on ! grip4 ,keep ! head erect s ! aim+ eye c look ?r\gh ! sights4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-f4 ,weav] ,/&+ ,position4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-g4 ,weav] ,grip4 ,isosceles ,/&+ ,position ,! key to ! ,isosceles v>iation is t ! body is squ>$ to ! t>get & equal pressure is appli$ on ! pi/ol f ! grip4 ,to assume ! ,isosceles /&+ position-- ,face ! t>get ) feet approximately %\ld] wid? ap>t4 ,! %\ld]s are squ>$ to ! t>get4 ,e/abli% a two-h&$ fir+ grip 9 ! ,isosceles v>iation4 ,see figure #d-h4 ,grip ! pi/ol grip firmly ) ! "r h&4 ,place ! "r ?umb on ! safety4 ,place ! heel ( ! left h& on ! expos$ portion ( ! pi/ol grip 9 ! pocket =m$ by ! f+]tips & heel ( ! "r h&4 ,!re %\ld be maximum contact betwe5 ! pi/ol grip & ! h&s4 ,wrap ! f+]s ( ! left h& ov] ! f+]s ( ! "r h&4 ,ensure bo? ?umbs re/ on ! left side ( ! pi/ol & po9t t[>d ! t>get4 ,apply equal pressure on bo? sides ( ! pi/ol to all[ = ! be/ managem5t ( recoil4 ,note3 ,ensure ! left ?umb does n apply excessive pressure to ! slide /op or slide4 ,re/ ! trigg] f+] naturally1 /raight & outside ( ! trigg] gu>d1 s ! f+] c be mov$ quickly & easily to ! trigg]4 ,notes3 ,index f+] ( ! left h& may or may n re/ on ! front ( ! trigg] gu>d4 ,m>9es ) l>ge h&s mu/ ensure t _! "r ?umb does n re/ on ! slide /op1 prev5t+ reliable pi/ol op]ation4 ,elevate & ext5d ! arms t[>d ! t>get4 ,roll ! %\ld]s =w>d & %ift ! body weight slightly =w>d to /abilize ! position & bett] manage recoil4 ,! left foot may be slightly =w>d ( ! "r foot to balance ! position4 ,!re %\ld be an equal am\nt ( muscul> t5sion on bo? sides ( ! body to be/ manage recoil4 ,tuck ! head betwe5 ! %\ld]s2 ! head is ext5d$ =w>d b kept erect s ! aim+ eye c see ?r\gh ! sights4 ,see figure #d-i4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-h4 ,isosceles ,grip4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-i4 ,isosceles ,/&+ ,position4 ,kneel+ ,position ,! kneel+ position (f]s a small] exposure ?an ! /&+ position & great] /ability4 ,increas$ /ability makes ! kneel+ position effective = long] range %oot+4 ,x does n1 h[ev]1 (f] z mu* mobility = quick reaction z ! /&+ position4 ,! kneel+ position c be quickly assum$ & all[s fir+ f v>i\s types ( cov]4 ,dep5d+ on ! cov] & ! ne$ = obs]vation1 ! kneel+ position may be adapt$ to a high kneel+1 a m$ium kneel+1 a l[ kneel+1 or a two-knee kneel+ position4 ,! kneel+ positions c be adapt$ to ei!r ! ,weav] v>iation or ! ,isosceles v>iation4 ,weav] ,kneel+ ,position ,! advantage ( ! ,weav] v>iation ( ! kneel+ position is t x provides bone support due to ! left elb['s placem5t on ! knee4 ,! ,weav] v>iation fur!r enables fir+ f ! side ( cov] :ile expos+ less ( ! body to a ?reat4 ,to assume ! ,weav] kneel+ position1 ! foll[+ /eps are basic to all adaptations3 ,make a half turn to ! "r1 drop ! "r foot back or /ep =w>d ) ! left foot1 & place ! "r knee on ! deck4 ,! body is position$ at a #dj to #fj degree angle oblique to ! t>get4 ,blade ! %\ld]s at a #dj to #fj degree oblique angle to ! t>get1 ! left %\ld] =w>d ( ! "r4 ,ext5d ! arms t[>d ! t>get4 ,b5d =w>d at ! wai/ to bett] manage recoil4 ,place ! flat "p ( ! upp] left arm1 j above ! elb[1 9 firm contact ) ! flat surface =m$ on top ( ! b5t knee4 ,! po9t ( ! left elb[ ext5ds j slightly pa/ ! left knee4 ,h[ev]1 dep5d+ on ! ne$ = /ability or obs]vation ( ! enemy1 ! elb[ does n h to re/ on ! knee4 ,! foll[+ /eps provide specifics = ea* adaptation3 ,high kneel+3 ! toes ( ! "r foot are curl$ & 9 contact ) ! deck or ! inside ( ! foot may be 9 contact ) ! deck4 ,dep5d+ on ! ne$ = obs]vation1 ! buttocks may or may n re/ on ! "r heel4 ,! left leg is b5t at ! knee2 ! %9 /raight up & d[n4 ,! left foot is flat on ! deck4 ,see figure #d-aj4 ,m$ium kneel+3 ! "r ankle is /raight ) ! foot /ret*$ out & ! bootlaces 9 contact ) ! deck4 ,! left leg is b5t at ! knee1 ! left foot flat on ! deck4 ,! "r %9 may be angl$ to ! body to create a tripod ( support = ! position4 ,see figure #d-aa4 ,l[ kneel+3 ! "r ankle is turn$ s ! outside ( ! foot is 9 contact ) ! deck & ! buttocks are 9 contact ) ! inside ( ! foot4 ,! "r %9 may be angl$ to ! body to create a tripod ( support = ! position4 ,see figure #d-ab4 ,two-knee3 drop bo? knees onto ! deck4 ,! toes may be curl$ to get into & out ( ! position quickly4 ,dep5d+ on ! ne$ = obs]vation ( ! enemy1 ! buttocks may or may n re/ on ! heels4 ,see figure #d-ac4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-aj4 ,weav] ,high ,kneel+4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-aa4 ,weav] ,m$ium ,kneel+4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-ab4 ,weav] ,l[ ,kneel+4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-ac4 ,weav] ,two-,knee ,kneel+4 ,isosceles ,kneel+ ,position ,! advantage ( ! ,isosceles v>iation is t x enables ! ,m>9e to fire ov] ! top ( cov] :ile expos+ less ( ! body to a ?reat4 ,to assume ! ,isosceles kneel+ position1 ! foll[+ /eps are basic to all adaptations3 ,drop ! "r foot back or /ep =w>d ) ! left foot & place ! "r knee on ! deck4 ,squ>e ! %\ld]s to ! t>get4 ,ext5d ! arms t[>d ! t>get4 ,lean =w>d ) ! %\ld]s roll$ =w>d & ! head tuck$ betwe5 ! %\ld]s to bett] manage recoil4 ,! foll[+ /eps provide specifics = ea* adaptation3 ,high kneel+3 ! toes ( ! "r foot are curl$ & 9 contact ) ! deck or ! inside ( ! foot may be 9 contact ) ! deck4 ,dep5d+ on ! ne$ = obs]vation1 ! buttocks may or may n re/ on ! "r heel4 ,! left leg is b5t at ! knee1 ! %9 is /raight up & d[n4 ,! left foot is flat on ! deck4 ,see figure #d-ad4 ,m$ium kneel+3 ! "r ankle is /raight ) ! foot /ret*$ out & ! bootlaces 9 contact ) ! deck4 ,! left leg is b5t at ! knee1 ! left foot is flat on ! deck4 ,! "r %9 may be angl$ to ! body to create a tripod ( support = ! position4 ,see figure #d-ae4 ,l[ kneel+3 ! "r ankle is turn$ s ! outside ( ! foot is 9 contact ) ! deck & ! buttocks are 9 contact ) ! inside ( ! foot4 ,! "r %9 may be angl$ to ! body to create a tripod ( support = ! position4 ,see figure #d-af4 ,two-knee3 drop bo? knees onto ! deck4 ,! toes may be curl$ to get into & out ( ! position quickly4 ,dep5d+ on ! ne$ = obs]vation ( ! enemy1 ! buttocks may or may n re/ on ! heels4 ,see figure #d-ag4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-ad4 ,isosceles ,high ,kneel+4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-ae4 ,isosceles ,m$ium ,kneel+4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-af4 ,isosceles ,l[ ,kneel+4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-ag4 ,isosceles ,two-,knee4 ,prone ,position ,! prone position is easily assum$1 /able1 & pres5ts a small t>get to ! enemy4 ,s9ce ! prone position places mo/ ( ! body on ! deck1 x (f]s great /ability = long range %oot+4 ,h[ev]1 x is ! lea/ mobile ( ! fir+ positions & may re/rict ! field ( view4 ,! prone position c be adapt$ to ei!r ! ,weav] v>iation or ! ,isosceles v>iation4 ,weav] ,prone ,position ,! ,weav] v>iation ( ! prone position produces a cock$ leg position by angl+ ! body to ! t>get & cock+ ! leg to support ! position4 ,! ,weav] prone position is ideal = fir+ f beh9d cov]4 ,see figure #d-ah4 ,to assume ! ,weav] prone position1 p]=m ! foll[+ /eps3 ,face ! t>get & make a half turn to ! "r 7?is places ! body at a #dj to #fj degree oblique to ! t>get74 ,grip ! pi/ol 9 ! "r h&1 plac+ ! pi/ol 9 a position t facilitates control ( ! weapon4 ,ensure ! pi/ol is po9t$ 9 a safe direction & does n cov] any portion ( ! body4 ,move ! body to ! deck by us+ ei!r ! squat or drop me?od1 keep+ ! body at a #dj to #fj degree oblique to ! t>get4 ,squat ,me?od ,squat d[n & place ! left h& on ! deck4 ,kick bo? feet backw>d & come d[n on ! "r side ( ! body ) ! "r arm ext5d$ t[>d ! t>get4 ,ensure ! pi/ol does n cov] ! body or ! left h&4 ,see figure #d-ai4 ,drop ,me?od ,drop to a kneel+ position4 ,place ! left h& on ! deck 9 front ( ! body1 pu% ! pi/ol out t[>d ! t>get4 ,roll ! "r side ( ! body onto ! deck4 ,ensure ! pi/ol does n cov] ! body or ! left h&4 ,see figure #d-bj on page #d-ab4 ,br+ ! left knee up to support ! fir+ position & to raise ! diaphragm (f ! deck s z n to int]f]e ) brea?+4 ,! inside ( ! knee re/s on ! deck4 ,! knee is drawn up to provide maximum /ability = ! position4 ,e/abli% a two-h&$ fir+ grip on ! pi/ol4 ,place ! left elb[ on ! gr\nd = /ability4 ,= maximum /ability1 /rive to keep ! grip firmly plac$ on ! deck4 ,! head may re/ aga9/ ! "r arm s ! pi/ol sights c be align$4 ,! head may be cant$ z long z ! aim+ eye c look directly ?r\gh ! sights4 ,/rive to keep ! pi/ol sights z level z possible :ile acquir+ sight alignm5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-ah4 ,weav] ,prone ,position4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-ai4 ,squat ,me?od4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-bj4 ,drop ,me?od4 ,to make m9or increases 9 elevation1 keep ! left h& 9 place & firmly on ! deck & raise ! "r h& to a*ieve ! desir$ elevation4 ,h[ev]1 contact betwe5 ! "r & left h&s mu/ be ma9ta9$ to /abilize ! pi/ol4 ,see figure #d-ba on page #d-ab4 7,!re is a trade(f betwe5 obta9+ ! ne$$ elevation & los+ /ability1 s ! ,m>9e mu/ /rike a balance betwe5 ! two47 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-ba4 ,increas+ ,elevation 7,m9or ,adju/m5ts74 ,isosceles ,prone ,position ,! ,isosceles v>iation ( ! prone position produces a /raight leg position4 ,see figure #d-bb4 ,to assume ! ,isosceles prone position3 ,/& fac+ ! t>get4 ,grip ! pi/ol 9 ! "r h&1 plac+ ! pi/ol 9 a position t facilitates control ( ! weapon4 ,ensure ! pi/ol is po9t$ 9 a safe direction & does n cov] any portion ( ! body4 ,move ! body to ! deck by us+ ei!r ! squat or drop me?od4 ,squat ,me?od ,squat d[n & place ! left h& on ! deck4 ,kick bo? feet backw>d & come d[n on ! "r side ( ! body ) ! "r arm ext5d$ t[>d ! t>get4 ,ensure ! pi/ol does n cov] ! body or ! left h&4 ,see figure #d-bc4 ,drop ,me?od ,drop to a kneel+ position4 ,place ! left h& on ! deck 9 front ( ! body4 ,pu% ! pi/ol out t[>d ! t>get1 & roll ! "r side ( ! body onto ! deck4 ,ensure ! pi/ol does n cov] ! body or ! left h&4 ,see figure #d-bd4 ,e/abli% a two-h&$ fir+ grip on ! pi/ol4 ,spread ! legs to a position t provides maximum /ability4 ,! in/eps ( bo? feet may be flat on ! deck or ! toes may be curl$ & dug into ! deck4 ,keep ! pi/ol sights z level z possible :ile acquir+ sight alignm5t4 ,keep ! head 9 a position to all[ ! aim+ eye to look directly ?r\gh ! sights4 ,:5 we>+ a helmet1 ! head may be cant$ slightly & re/ aga9/ ! "r arm to pu% ! helmet f ! eyes s ! sights c be align$4 ,likewise1 ! pi/ol may be cant$ outbo>d to all[ ! aim+ eye to look directly ?r\gh ! sights4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-bb4 ,isosceles ,prone ,position4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-bc4 ,squat ,me?od4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-bd4 ,drop ,me?od4 ,to make m9or increases 9 elevation1 keep ! left h& 9 place & firmly on ! deck & raise ! "r h& to a*ieve ! desir$ elevation4 ,h[ev]1 contact betwe5 ! "r & left h&s mu/ be ma9ta9$ to /abilize ! pi/ol4 ,see figure #d-be on page #d-ad4 7,!re is a trade(f betwe5 obta9+ ! ne$$ elevation & los+ /ability1 s ! ,m>9e mu/ /rike a balance betwe5 ! two47 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #d-be4 ,increas+ ,elevation 7,m9or ,adju/m5ts74 ,natural ,body ,alignm5t ,! body mu/ be prop]ly align$ to ! t>get s ! sights fall naturally on ! t>get :5 ! pi/ol is pres5t$4 ,x takes a comb9ation ( body alignm5t & consi/5t muscul> t5sion to ensure ! sights fall naturally to ! same area ( ! t>get e "t ! pi/ol is pres5t$4 ,! ,m>9e c execute ! foll[+ to *eck natural body alignm5t & to ensure ! sights c5t] on ! aim+ area3 ,ori5t ! body to a t>get & e/abli% a v>iation ( ! /&+ position & a two-h&$ fir+ grip on ! pi/ol4 ,aim 9 on ! t>get4 ,close ! eyes & take a deep brea?4 ,op5 ! eyes & see :]e ! pi/ol sights are 9 relation to ! t>get4 ,if ! pi/ol sights are "r or left ( ! t>get1 move ! feet to adju/ ! position "r or left4 ,note3 ,d n =ce ! sights onto ! t>get area by mov+ ! arms2 ?is increases ! muscul> t5sion on "o side ( ! body1 di/urbs balance1 & makes recoil h>d] to manage4 ,if ! sights are significantly out ( alignm5t :5 ! pi/ol is at eye level1 x may be an indication ( a poor grip4 ,:5 ! grip is correct 7to include ! muscul> t5sion 9 ! grip1 wri/1 & =e>ms71 ! sights %\ld align to ! po9t t only m9or adju/m5ts are ne$$ to align ! sights to ! aim+ eye4 ,repeat ! prec$+ /eps z necess>y4 ,body alignm5t & muscul> t5sion are correct :5 ! sights are naturally plac$ 9 ! same area on ! t>get e "t ! ,m>9e aims on ! t>get4 ,,*apt] #e ,,use ,,( ,,cov] ,,& ,,concealm5t ,on ! battlefield1 a fir+ position t all[s maximum obs]vation ( ! enemy z well z cov] & concealm5t is a necessity4 ,a good position provides a solid f\ndation = ! pi/ol1 maximizes ! use ( cov] to provide protection f enemy fire1 all[s mobility1 & provides obs]vation ( ! enemy4 ,:]e possible1 ! cov] %\ld be us$ to provide additional support = ! position4 ,:5 contact ) ! enemy is made1 x is important to seek cov] z quickly z possible4 ,cov] is any?+ t provides protection f enemy fire4 ,cov] %\ld be1 at a m9imum1 ?ick en\gh to /op small arms fire & high en\gh to protect ! ,m>9e :5 fir+ f beh9d x4 ,! effective use ( cov] enables engagem5t ( enemy t>gets :ile af=d+ protection f enemy fire4 ,cov] c also be effectively us$ to conceal ! ,m>9e f enemy view :ile se>*+ = t>gets4 ,concealm5t is any?+ t hides a ,m>9e f enemy view2 h[ev]1 x might n af=d protection4 ,concealm5t c be provid$ by bru%1 trees1 etc4 ,note3 ,! proc$ures 9 ?is *apt] are writt5 = "r-h&$ ,m>9es2 left-h&$ ,m>9es mu/ rev]se directions z ne$$4 ,cov] ,mat]ials ,natural cov] 7rocks1 logs1 rubble1 etc47 is be/ because x is h>d to detect4 ,b any mat]ial 7includ+ build+s1 /ructures1 etc47 t may protect an individual f small arms fire c be us$ = cov]4 ,"s common types ( cov] mat]ial are z foll[s4 ,dirt ,! be/ type ( cov] is dirt pack$ to a m9imum ?ickness ( #ah in*es4 ,c9d] ,blocks ,c9d] blocks us$ z f\ndations = h\ses or walls c be us$ = cov]1 b !y c be p5etrat$4 ,!y are also brittle & c %att] ^u impact f small arms fire1 :i* c cause injury by second>y fragm5tation4 ,trees1 ,logs1 & ,telephone ,poles ,wood is a relatively d5se mat]ial2 !re=e1 x (f]s good cov]+ protection s9ce bullets h a t5d5cy to fragm5t z !y p5etrate4 ,live trees h a great] resi/ance to bullet p5etration ?an dead wood4 ,wood t has be5 treat$ ) creosote1 su* z telephone poles & railroad ties1 (f]s bett] protection f projectiles ?an untreat$ wood1 b x /ill does n ensure protection f small arms fire4 ,s&bags ,s&bags c be us$ = cov]4 ,h[ev]1 !y %\ld always be pack$ tightly & tamp$ d[n to increase _! d5sity4 ,if loosely fill$ or moi/1 a bullet c m easily p5etrate ! s&bag4 ,d\bl+ or ov]lapp+ s&bags also increases _! protective qualities4 ,consid]ations = ,fir+ ,f ,cov] ,adju/+ ! ,fir+ ,position ,cov] c provide additional support = ! fir+ position4 ,! fir+ position is adju/$ to ensure /ability1 mobility1 & obs]vation ( ! enemy4 ,! ,m>9e *ooses a fir+ position bas$ on 8 height 9 relation to ! height ( ! cov]4 ,! fir+ position mu/ m9imize exposure to ! enemy b all[ obs]vation ( ! area4 ,al?\gh ! cov] provides additional support1 ! ,m>9e cont9ues to apply ! same am\nt ( muscul> t5sion 9 ! grip1 wri/1 & =e>ms4 ,muscul> t5sion is /ill necess>y to /abilize ! pi/ol sights & manage recov]y4 ,because ! sights are high] ?an ! muzzle ( ! pi/ol1 ! ,m>9e mu/ ensure t ! muzzle ( ! pi/ol cle>s ! cov] z he obta9s sight alignm5t_/sight picture on ! t>get4 ,! clos] ! ,m>9e is to ! cov]1 ! easi] x is to ensure ! muzzle cle>s ! cov]4 ,apply+ ! ,weav] & ,isosceles ,v>iations ,! type ( cov] may dictate :i* v>iation ( a fir+ position w be ! mo/ effective4 ,! position %\ld provide ! ,m>9e ) ! maximum am\nt ( /ability & control & all[ ! ,m>9e to manage recoil effectively 9 ord] to recov] on t>get4 ,weav] ,v>iation ,! ,weav] v>iation exposes less ( ! body f beh9d cov] due to ! angle ( ! body4 ,! ,weav] v>iation may be bett] suit$ = fir+ f beh9d ! "r or left side ( cov]4 ,= example1 ! ,weav] prone is ideal = fir+ f beh9d a log4 ,isosceles ,v>iation ,! ,isosceles v>iation is good = fir+ ov] ! top ( cov] 7e4g41 a w9d[74 ,! ,isosceles prone is ideal = fir+ f beh9d n>r[ cov] 7e4g41 a telephone pole74 ,keep+ ! ,body ,beh9d ,cov] ,avoid inadv]t5t exposure ( any "p ( ! body4 ,be especially aw>e ( ! top ( ! head1 elb[s1 knees1 or any o!r body "p t may ext5d beyond ! cov]4 ,log or ,curb ,:5 fir+ f beh9d a log or curb1 ! ,m>9e mu/ pres5t ! l[e/ possible silh\ette & may use ! log or curb = maximum support ( ! position4 ,= maximum protection1 muzzle cle>ance is kept z close z possible to ! top ( ! log or curb4 ,! ,m>9e may fire f ei!r ! side or ! top ( ! log1 dep5d+ on cov] & concealm5t 7see fig4 #e-a74 ,! ,m>9e fires ov] ! top ( a curb :5 x is us$ = cov]4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e-a4 ,fir+ ,ar\nd a ,log4 ,wall or ,b>ricade ,fir+ is done f ei!r ! side or ov] ! top ( a wall or b>ricade4 ,see figure #e-b4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e-b4 ,fir+ ,f a ,b>ricade4 ,w9d[ ,if ! ,m>9e has n be5 detect$ by ! enemy1 he %\ld use ! side ( ! w9d[ or ! w9d[ sill = support4 ,ideally1 x is be/ to fire f ! corn] ( ! w9d[ sill :5 us+ ! w9d[ = support4 ,if !re is little *ance = detection or ! %ot c be made )\t support1 ! ,m>9e %\ld rema9 back & to ! side ( ! w9d[ op5+ s ! pi/ol does n protrude & 8 body is conceal$ by ! %ad[s_/d>kness ( ! room4 ,if ! ,m>9e is position$ too close to ! w9d[1 8 body provides a silh\ette to ! enemy4 ,vehicle ,9 _m combat situations1 p>ticul>ly 9 urban environm5ts1 a vehicle may be ! be/ =m ( cov]4 ,:5 us+ a vehicle = cov]1 ! eng9e block provides ! mo/ protection f small arms fire4 ,! ,m>9e e/abli%es a position beh9d ! front :eel or front door jamb s ! eng9e block is betwe5 him & ! t>get4 ,see figure #e-c4 ,f ?is position1 ! ,m>9e fires ov] ! hood ( ! c> or und]nea? ! c> f beh9d ! :eel4 ,at ! back ( ! c> ! axle & ! :eel provide ! only cov]4 ,if ! ,m>9e mu/ %oot f ! back ( ! c>1 he mu/ position himself directly beh9d ! :eel z mu* z possible4 ,see figure #e-d4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e-c4 ,fir+ ,ov] ! ,hood ( a ,vehicle4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e-d4 ,fir+ ,f ! ,back ( a ,vehicle4 ,provid+ ,support = ! ,position & ! ,pi/ol ,support helps /abilize bo? ! fir+ position & ! pi/ol & enable ! ,m>9e to ma9ta9 sight alignm5t & sight picture4 ,! =e>ms or h&s c contact ! support to /abilize ! pi/ol4 ,! ,m>9e may re/ ! pi/ol on or aga9/ ! support z long z ! support does n int]f]e or affect ! pi/ol's cycle ( op]ation4 ,see figure #e-e4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e-e4 ,h& ,re/+ on ,support4 ,:5 fir+ ov] ! top ( cov]1 ! ,m>9e c e/abli% a support$ position & /abilize ! position by re/+ ! trigg] gu>d or ! magaz9e on ! cov]4 ,! pi/ol may be pu%$ up aga9/ ! support s ! 8,v0 =m$ by ! receiv] & ! front ( ! trigg] gu>d re/s firmly aga9/ ! support4 ,see figure #e-f4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e-f4 ,trigg] ,gu>d ,re/+ ,aga9/ ,support4 ,:5 fir+ ar\nd ! sides ( cov]1 ! ,m>9e c e/abli% support & /abilize ! position by plac+ ! back ( ! h& or arm aga9/ ! cov]4 ,avoid plac+ ! slide ( ! pi/ol aga9/ ! cov] because x c int]f]e ) ! pi/ol's cycle ( op]ation4 ,h[ev]1 ! pi/ol c be cant$ & plac$ aga9/ ! cov] s ! trigg] gu>d or ! 8,v0 =m$ betwe5 ! receiv] & trigg] gu>d re/s aga9/ ! support4 ,?is position enables ! ,m>9e to expose less ( himself to ! enemy4 ,see figure #e-g4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e-g4 ,h& ,re/+ ,aga9/ ,side ( ,support4 ,:5 us+ a vehicle = cov]1 ! ,m>9e c e/abli% additional support = ! pi/ol by position+ himself 9 ! c> beh9d ! door jamb 7frame ( door7 & plac+ 8 h&s or pi/ol aga9/ ! 8,v0 =m$ by ! op5 door & door frame4 ,see figure #e-h4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e-h4 ,fir+ ,f ,beh9d ! ,door ,jamb ( a ,vehicle4 ,:5 %oot+ f ! left side ( cov]1 ! ,m>9e /ill uses 8 "r h& & eye4 ,see figure #e-i4 ,he may h to cant 8 head & ! pi/ol to ! left to e/abli% sight alignm5t4 ,= "r-h&$ ,m>9es1 %oot+ f ! left side ( cov] may expose m ( ! ,m>9e to ! enemy ?an %oot+ f ! "r side4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e-i4 ,fir+ ,f ! ,left ,side ( ,cov]4 ,*ang+ ,positions ,if ! ,m>9e has be5 fir+ f cov] & has to reload or cle> a /oppage beh9d cov] he %\ld attempt to resume fir+ f a diff]5t position4 ,! enemy is aw>e ( ! ,m>9e's curr5t position & w be ready to engage him once he re-appe>s4 ,mov+ ,9 combat1 ! ,m>9e mu/ be con/antly aw>e ( 8 surr\nd+s & ! available cov] %\ld enemy contact occur dur+ movem5t f "o position to ano!r4 ,:5 mov+ f cov] to cov]1 ! ,m>9e selects ! next cov] location & plans ! r\te ( movem5t be=e leav+ 8 pres5t position4 ,?is is done by quickly look+ f beh9d cov] to ensure ! area is cle>1 ensur+ ! head & eyes are expos$ = z %ort a "t z possible4 ,if necess>y1 ! ,m>9e %\ld conduct a ,condition #a reload be=e mov+ f cov]4 ,once ! ,m>9e is committ$ to mov+1 he mu/ focus on ! move until cov] is reassum$4 ,support$ ,fir+ ,positions ,dur+ combat1 ! ,m>9e may n h ! "t to assume a p]fect fir+ position4 ,he mu/ "k in/9ctively t 8 position is correct r ?an foll[ a regim5t$ sequ5ce ( movem5ts to ensure its correctness4 ,) tra9+1 ! ,m>9e c assume /able fir+ positions quickly & in/9ctively by incorporat+ ! use ( cov] = support4 ,support provides f\ndations = ! fir+ position2 :i*1 9 turn1 provides support = ! pi/ol4 ,to maximize ! support provid$ by ! position1 ! fir+ position %\ld be adju/$ to fit or con=m to ! %ape ( ! cov]4 ,a support$ fir+ position m9imizes exposure to ! enemy1 maximizes ! /ability ( ! pi/ol & protection f fire1 & provides obs]vation ( ! enemy4 ,any /able support may be us$ 7e4g41 logs1 s&bags1 walls74 ,! surr\nd+ environm5t dictates ! support & position4 ,! size1 di/ance to ! t>get1 & "t affect ! ne$ = /ability & recov]y 9 ! selection ( a support$ fir+ position4 ,= example1 if ! t>get is a great di/ance f ! ,m>9e1 he may sacrifice "s ( 8 ability to manage recoil 9 ord] to assume a support$ fir+ position t provides him ! additional /ability ne$$ to fire accurately at long range4 ,b1 recov]y may be m important = ! ,m>9e if he mu/ fire multiple %ots on t>get quickly2 !re=e1 he may sacrifice "s /ability 9 8 support$ fir+ position 9 ord] to engage a t>get ) multiple %ots4 ,support$ ,prone ,! support$ prone position pres5ts ! l[e/ silh\ette & provides maximum protection f enemy fire4 ,! support$ prone position c be assum$ beh9d a tree1 a wall1 or almo/ any type & size ( cov]4 ,x is flexible & all[s fir+ ( ! pi/ol f all sides4 ,to assume ! support$ prone position & maximize ! use ( cov]1 ! position is kept z l[ z possible to ensure no "p ( ! body is expos$ to ! enemy4 ,if ! cov] is n>r[1 ! ,m>9e positions 8 body directly beh9d cov] & keeps 8 legs toge!r4 ,! ,m>9e's body is 9 l9e ) ! pi/ol & directly beh9d ! pi/ol4 ,! ,isosceles prone position pres5ts a small] t>get to ! enemy & m body mass to absorb recoil4 ,! ,weav] prone position is ideally suit$ to fire f ar\nd cov] 7e4g41 log7 because ( ! angle ( ! body1 b ?is position pres5ts a l>g] t>get to ! enemy4 ,see figure #e-aj4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e-aj4 ,weav] ,prone4 ,support$ ,kneel+ ,if ! prone position _c be us$ because ( ! height ( ! support1 ! ,m>9e may use ! support$ kneel+ position4 ,! kneel+ position all[s fir+ ( ! pi/ol f all sides4 ,?is position may be alt]$ to maximize ! use ( cov] or support by assum+ a v>iation ( ! kneel+ position 7high1 m$ium1 l[1 or two-knee74 ,! kneel+ position provides m mobility ?an ! prone position4 ,see figure #e-aa4 ,caution ,! ,m>9e mu/ n indicate to ! enemy 8 position ) 8 expos$ knee4 ,if ! ,m>9e *anges knees :ile expos$ to ! enemy1 he has indicat$ ! direction ( 8 next %ot to ! enemy4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e-aa4 ,support$ ,kneel+4 ,support$ ,/&+ ,:5 use ( ! support is maximiz$1 ! support$ /&+ position c be z /able z ! support$ kneel+ or prone position4 ,! support$ /&+ position provides great] mobility ?an ! o!r positions & usually provides great] obs]vation ( ! enemy4 ,9 ! /&+ position1 ! ,m>9e mu/ n all[ ! placem5t ( 8 foot to indicate to ! enemy 8 position beh9d cov]4 ,see figure #e-ab4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e-ab4 ,support$ ,/&+4 ,locate & ,engage ,t>gets ,f ,beh9d ,cov] ,to locate t>gets :5 beh9d cov] or to ensure ! area is cle> be=e mov+1 ! ,m>9e mu/ expose himself to ! enemy4 ,!re are two te*niques us$ to locate & engage t>gets f beh9d cov]3 ! pie & ! roll\t4 ,^! te*niques m9imize ! ,m>9e's exposure to enemy fire :ile plac+ him 9 a position to engage t>gets or to move to ano!r location if necess>y4 ,bo? te*niques are us$ 9 ! kneel+ & /&+ positions4 ,pie ,te*nique ,! ,weav] position is ! mo/ effective position :5 execut+ ! pie te*nique because ! position ( ! ,m>9e's body m9imizes exposure to ! enemy4 ,see figure #e-ac4 ,to p]=m ! pie te*nique-- ,/ay beh9d cov] :ile mov+ back & away f ! lead+ edge ( ! cov]4 ,! surr\nd+s & situation dictate ! di/ance ! ,m>9e moves back & away f ! cov]4 ,g5]ally1 ! fur!r back ! ,m>9e is f cov]1 ! great] 8 area ( obs]vation2 /ay+ too close to cov] decreases ! area ( obs]vation4 ,assume a fir+ position & l[] ! pi/ol sights en\gh to h a cle> field ( view1 aim+ 9 on ! lead+ edge ( ! cov]4 ,take small side /eps & sl[ly move out f beh9d cov]1 cov]+ ! field ( view ) ! aim+ eye & muzzle ( ! pi/ol4 ,:]ev] ! eyes move1 ! muzzle %\ld move 7eyes1 muzzle1 t>get74 ,cont9ue mov+ out f cov] until a t>get is id5tifi$ or ! area is f\nd to be cle>4 ,if a t>get is id5tifi$1 sweep ! safety (f1 place ! f+] on ! trigg]1 & engage ! t>get4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e-ac4 ,pie ,te*nique4 ,note3 ,if a t>get is id5tifi$ be=e mov+ out f cov]1 ! pi/ol %\ld be ?umbcock$ & (f safe be=e mov+ out4 ,roll\t ,te*nique ,9 ?is te*nique1 ! ,isosceles position is ! mo/ effective position :5 execut+ ! roll\t te*nique because ! position ( ! body all[s ! ,m>9e to bett] ma9ta9 8 balance4 ,see figure #e-ad4 ,to p]=m ! roll\t te*nique-- ,/ay beh9d cov]1 move back1 & position ! body s x is 9 l9e ) ! lead+ edge ( ! cov]1 ensur+ t no "p ( ! body ext5ds beyond cov]4 ,assume fir+ position & come to ! ,ready1 ensur+ ! muzzle is j beh9d cov]4 ,cant ! head & pi/ol slightly & roll ! upp] body out to ! side en\gh to obta9 a cle> field ( view4 ,keep ! feet 9 place & pu% up on ! ball ( "o foot to facilitate roll+ out4 ,cont9ue to roll out f cov] until a t>get is id5tifi$ or ! area is f\nd to be cle>4 ,if a t>get is id5tifi$1 sweep ! safety (f1 place ! f+] on ! trigg]1 & engage ! t>get4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #e-ad4 ,roll\t ,te*nique4 ,note3 ,if a t>get is id5tifi$ be=e mov+ out f cov]1 ! pi/ol %\ld be ?umbcock$ & (f safe be=e mov+ out4 ,comb9+ ! ,pie & ,roll\t ,te*niques ,9 "s situations1 x may be necess>y to utilize bo? ! pie & roll\t te*nique 9 ord] to se>* an entire area = t>gets 7i4e41 corn] ( a build+1 doorway74 ,*ang+ f "o te*nique to ano!r may all[ ! ,m>9e to m9imize 8 exposure to ! enemy & r$uce ! "t he is expos$ to enemy fire4 ,,*apt] #f ,,pres5tation ,,( ,,! ,m#i ,,s]vice ,,pi/ol ,9 combat1 t>gets pres5t !mselves ) little or no w>n+4 ,! ,m>9e mu/ h ! ability to react quickly & to effectively & effici5tly pres5t ! pi/ol1 :e!r ! pi/ol is 9 ! hol/] or at a c>ry4 ,to successfully engage a combat t>get ) ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol1 ! ,m>9e mu/ ma/] pi/ol pres5tation f ! c>ries & transport1 pi/ol pres5tation :ile assum+ a fir+ position1 & se>* & assess te*niques4 ,note3 ,! proc$ures 9 ?is *apt] are writt5 = "r-h&$ ,m>9es2 left-h&$ ,m>9es %\ld rev]se directions z ne$$4 ,sight ,alignm5t_/,sight ,picture ,pi/ol pres5tation drills & dry fire help ! ,m>9e a*ieve a consi/5t grip & rapid pres5tation & aid 9 quickly acquir+ sight alignm5t & sight picture4 ,! ,m>9e always executes ! foll[+ /eps3 ,id5tify ! t>get & quickly pres5t ! pi/ol to ! t>get :ile simultane\sly sweep+ ! safety ) ! ?umb ( ! "r h&4 7,dis5gag+ ! safety ) ! "r ?umb ensures ! trigg] is n pull$ be=e tak+ ! pi/ol (f safe47 ,%ift ! focus f ! t>get to ! front sight to obta9 sight alignm5t :ile pres5t+ ! pi/ol4 ,z ! front sight breaks ! plane ( vision1 acquire ! front sight & beg9 to apply trigg] control z sight picture is acquir$4 ,apply trigg] pressure until ! %ot is fir$4 ,pres5tation ,f ! ,c>ries & ,hol/]s ,pres5tation ,f ! ,ready ,to pres5t ! pi/ol f ! ,ready1 ! ,m>9e p]=ms ! foll[+ /eps 9 sequ5ce4 ,:5 a t>get appe>s-- ,sweep ! safety ) ! ?umb ( ! "r h&1 place ! trigg] f+] on ! trigg]1 & raise ! arms to br+ ! pi/ol to ! t>get4 ,note3 ,if ! ,m>9e wi%es to ?umbcock ! pi/ol = a s+le action %ot1 ! pi/ol is ?umbcock$ ) ! left ?umb aft] ! safety is swept ) ! "r ?umb4 ,! grip ( ! left h& may h to be brok5 to ?umbcock ! pi/ol2 re-e/abli% ! grip aft] ?umbcock+4 ,acquire sight alignm5t & sight picture )9 ! aim+ area & apply trigg] pressure until ! %ot is fir$4 ,pres5tation ,f ! ,al]t ,to pres5t ! pi/ol f ! ,al]t1 ! ,m>9e p]=ms ! foll[+ /eps 9 sequ5ce4 ,:5 a t>get appe>s-- ,sweep ! safety ) ! ?umb ( ! "r h&1 place ! trigg] f+] on ! trigg]1 & br+ ! pi/ol to ! t>get3 ,if ! arms are /raight1 raise ! arms to a #de-;degree angle ) ! deck4 ,if ! arms are b5t1 /raight5 ! arms out t[>d ! t>get4 ,note3 ,if ! ,m>9e wi%es to ?umbcock ! pi/ol = a s+le action %ot1 ! pi/ol is ?umbcock$ ) ! left ?umb aft] ! safety is swept ) ! "r ?umb4 ,! grip ( ! left h& may h to be brok5 to ?umbcock ! pi/ol2 re-e/abli% ! grip aft] ?umbcock+4 ,acquire sight alignm5t & sight picture )9 ! aim+ area & apply trigg] pressure until ! %ot is fir$4 ,pres5tation ,f a ,hol/] ,transport ,! pi/ol is pres5t$ f ! hol/] 9 "o cont9u\s1 fluid motion4 ,m#ab ,hol/] ,to pres5t ! pi/ol f ! ,m#ab hol/] transport1 p]=m ! foll[+ /eps 9 sequ5ce once ! t>get appe>s3 ,place ! heel ( ! left h& at ! c5t] ( ! torso ) ! f+]s ext5d$ t[>d ! t>get4 7,! placem5t ( ! left h& all[s a two-h&$ grip to be e/abli%$ 9 a m9imum am\nt ( movem5t47 ,at ! same "t1 unfa/5 & release ! ,d-r+ ) ! "r h&4 ,use ! "r h& to place ! ?umb on ! =w>d edge ( ! hol/] & ! f+]s ar\nd ! back edge ( ! hol/]1 keep+ ! trigg] f+] /raight4 ,slide ! h& up ! hol/] until ! f+]s come 9 contact ) ! pi/ol grip4 ,at ! same "t1 keep ! ?umb above ! pi/ol to guide ! hol/] flap up4 ,grasp ! pi/ol grip ) ! f+]s & draw ! pi/ol /raight up4 ,cont9ue )draw+ ! pi/ol :ile mov+ ! ?umb to a position on ! safety4 ,note3 ,h& placem5t %\ld all[ ! fir+ grip to be e/abli%$ once ! ?umb dis5gages ! safety4 ,any adju/m5ts made to ! fir+ grip aft] ! safety has be5 dis5gag$ %\ld be m9or4 ,once ! muzzle cle>s ! hol/]1 rotate ! muzzle =w>d :ile sweep+ ! safety4 ,e/abli% a two-h&$ grip on ! pi/ol by jo9+ ! left h& ) ! "r h& 9 front ( ! torso4 ,at ! same "t1 />t to /raight5 ! pi/ol out t[>d ! t>get4 ,see figure #f-a4 ,cont9ue mov+ ! pi/ol t[>d ! t>get &1 at ! same "t1 place ! trigg] f+] on ! trigg]1 acquire sight alignm5t & sight picture )9 ! aim+ area1 & apply trigg] pressure until ! %ot is fir$4 ,see figure #f-b4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #f-a4 ,pres5tation ,f ! ,m#ab ,hol/]--,/ep #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #f-b4 ,pres5tation ,f ! ,m#ab ,hol/]--,/ep #b4 ,:5 "t p]mits to ?umbcock ! pi/ol = a s+le action %ot 7e4g41 a long-range engagem5t71 ! ,m>9e pres5ts ! pi/ol f ! hol/] by p]=m+ ! foll[+ /eps once ! t>get appe>s3 ,)draw ! pi/ol f ! hol/]4 ,sweep ! safety ) ! ?umb ( ! "r h&4 ,jo9 ! left & "r h&s & ?umbcock ! pi/ol ) ! left ?umb4 ,e/abli% a two-h&$ grip on ! pi/ol4 ,/raight5 ! pi/ol out t[>d ! t>get &1 at ! same "t1 place ! trigg] f+] on ! trigg]1 acquire sight alignm5t & sight picture )9 ! aim+ area1 & apply trigg] pressure until ! %ot is fir$4 ,m#g ,%\ld] ,hol/] ,! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol fits v snugly 9 ! ,m#g %\ld] hol/] because ! hol/] 0 orig9ally design$ = ! ,m#aiaa;,a#a 4#de-;calib] pi/ol1 :i* has a m slim1 r\nd design1 p>ticul>ly ar\nd ! trigg] gu>d4 ,a firm grip is requir$ :5 hol/]+ & )draw+ ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol f ! ,m#g %\ld] hol/]4 ,to pres5t ! pi/ol f ! ,m#g %\ld] hol/]1 p]=m ! foll[+ /eps3 ,unsnap ! ?umb snap closure ) ! left h&4 ,wrap ! f+]s ( ! "r h& ar\nd ! pi/ol grip & re/ ! ?umb on top ( ! inside ( ! hol/]4 ,see figure #f-c4 ,grasp ! pi/ol grip firmly & draw ! pi/ol up & away f ! hol/] :ile rotat+ ! ?umb 9 a position to op]ate ! safety4 ,cont9ue )draw+ ! pi/ol until ! muzzle cle>s ! hol/] & rotate ! muzzle t[>d ! t>get4 ,see figure #f-d4 ,sweep ! safety ) ! ?umb ( ! "r h& :ile />t+ to pun* ! pi/ol out t[>d ! t>get4 ,e/abli% a two-h&$ grip on ! pi/ol by jo9+ ! "r h& ) ! left h& 9 ! c5t] ( ! torso4 ,see figure #f-e4 ,cont9ue pun*+ ! pi/ol out &1 at ! same "t1 place ! trigg] f+] on ! trigg]1 e/abli% sight alignm5t & sight picture )9 ! aim+ area1 & cont9ue trigg] pressure until ! %ot is fir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #f-c4 ,pres5tation ,f ! ,m#g ,%\ld] ,hol/]--,/ep #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #f-d4 ,pres5tation ,f ! ,m#g ,%\ld] ,hol/]--,/ep #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #f-e4 ,pres5tation ,f ! ,m#g ,%\ld] ,hol/]--,/ep #c4 ,assault ,hol/] ,to pres5t ! pi/ol f ! assault hol/]1 p]=m ! foll[+ 9 "o1 cont9u\s motion3 ,br+ ! heel ( ! h& d[n on ! hamm] ( ! pi/ol s t x dis5gages ! ?umb break4 ,see figure #f-f4 ,sweep ! h& =w>d 9 a small circul> motion1 slide ! h& up ! hol/]1 & br+ ! f+]s up "u ! pi/ol grip4 ,note3 ,dep5d+ on ! type ( ret5tion /rap1 ?is circul> motion releases ! ret5tion /rap or pu%es ! ret5tion /rap =w>d & out ( ! way4 ,grasp ! pi/ol grip & draw ! pi/ol /raight up & out ( ! hol/] :ile e/abli%+ a fir+ grip & position+ ! ?umb on ! safety to op]ate x4 ,see figure #f-g4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #f-f4 ,pres5tation ,f ! ,assault ,hol/]--,/ep #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #f-g4 ,pres5tation ,f ! ,assault ,hol/]--,/ep #b4 ,conceal$ ,pi/ol ,hol/] ,dep5d+ on ! clo?+ worn by ! ,m>9e1 !re are two me?ods = access+ ! conceal$ pi/ol hol/] s t ! clo?+ does n become an ob/ruction :ile pres5t+ ! pi/ol4 ,to pres5t ! pi/ol f ! conceal$ pi/ol hol/]1 ! foll[+ /eps are p]=m$ 9 "o1 cont9u\s motion :5 ! t>get appe>s3 ,if ! ,m>9e is we>+ a %ort jacket_/sweat] 7wai/-level7 t is button$ or zipp$-- ,move ! left h& across ! body & grasp ! jacket or sweat] j above ! hol/]1 at ! same "t place ! "r h& on ! hol/] bel[ ! jacket or sweat]4 ,see figure #f-h on page #f-f4 ,pull up on ! jacket or sweat] ) ! left h&4 ,at ! same "t1 slide ! "r h& up ! hol/] until ! f+]s come 9 contact ) ! pi/ol grip4 ,keep ! ?umb above ! pi/ol to ensure ! jacket or sweat] cle>s ! pi/ol4 ,see figure #f-i on page #f-f4 ,note3 ,lean+ slightly =w>d at ! wai/ may assi/ 9 cle>+ ! jacket or sweat] f ! pi/ol & 9 remov+ ! pi/ol f ! hol/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #f-h4 ,pres5tation ,f ! ,conceal$ ,pi/ol ,hol/]--,/ep #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #f-i4 ,pres5tation ,f ! ,conceal$ ,pi/ol ,hol/]--,/ep #b4 ,if ! ,m>9e is we>+ a long jacket 7bel[ wai/-level71 or a %ort jacket or sweat] t is unfa/5$-- ,place ! heel ( ! left h& at ! c5t] ( ! torso to hold ! left side ( ! jacket d[n ) ! f+]s ext5d$4 ,at ! same "t1 place ! "r h& on ! "r side ( ! jacket1 ) ! ?umb und]nea? ! "r side ( ! jacket bel[ ! left h&4 ,see figure #f-aj on page #f-g4 ,keep ?umb ( ! "r h& aga9/ ! body & ?r[ ! jacket back & away f ! hol/]4 ,see figure #f-aa on page #f-g4 ,note3 ,keep+ a weight$ object 7e4g41 keys1 extra magaz9e7 9 ! "r-h& pocket ( ! jacket assi/s 9 ?r[+ ! jacket back & away f ! hol/]4 ,place ! "r h& on ! hol/] & slide ! h& up ! hol/] until ! f+]s come 9 contact ) ! pi/ol grip4 ,grasp ! pi/ol grip ) ! f+]s & draw ! pi/ol /raight up4 ,cont9ue )draw+ ! pi/ol :ile mov+ ! ?umb to a position on ! safety4 ,note3 ,h& placem5t %\ld all[ ! fir+ grip to be e/abli%$ once ! ?umb dis5gages ! safety4 ,any adju/m5ts made to ! fir+ grip aft] ! safety is dis5gag$ %\ld be m9or4 ,rotate ! muzzle =w>d1 once x cle>s ! hol/]1 :ile sweep+ ! safety4 ,e/abli% a two-h&$ grip on ! pi/ol by jo9+ ! left h& ) ! "r h& 9 front ( ! torso4 ,at ! same "t1 />t to pun* ! pi/ol out t[>d ! t>get4 ,cont9ue pun*+ ! pi/ol out &1 at ! same "t1 place ! trigg] f+] on ! trigg]1 acquire sight alignm5t & sight picture )9 ! aim+ area1 & apply trigg] pressure until ! %ot is fir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #f-aj4 ,pres5tation ,f ! ,conceal$ ,pi/ol ,hol/] ) ! ,long ,jacket--,/ep #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #f-aa4 ,pres5tation ,f ! ,conceal$ ,pi/ol ,hol/] ) ! ,long ,jacket--,/ep #b4 ,pres5tation ,:ile ,assum+ ! ,kneel+ ,position ,9 combat1 ! ,m>9e mu/ be able to quickly assume ! kneel+ position :ile pres5t+ ! pi/ol to ! t>get4 ,?is usually takes advantage ( cov] & provides a m /able base = %oot+4 ,! foll[+ proc$ures are bas$ on ! ,isosceles & ,weav] v>iations ( ! /&+ to ! kneel+ %oot+ positions4 ,f ! ,ready ,! ,m>9e drops to ! kneel+ position :ile rais+ ! arms to br+ ! pi/ol up to ! t>get4 ,note3 ,! ,weav] v>iation ma9ta9s ! body's position 9 a #dj to #fj degree oblique to ! t>get4 ,at ! same "t1 ! ,m>9e sweeps ! safety ) ! ?umb ( ! "r h&1 places ! trigg] f+] on ! trigg]1 acquires sight alignm5t & sight picture )9 ! aim+ area1 & applies trigg] pressure until ! %ot is fir$4 ,f ! ,al]t 7,arms ,/raight7 ,! ,m>9e drops to ! kneel+ position :ile rais+ ! arms to br+ ! pi/ol up to ! t>get4 ,note3 ,! ,weav] v>iation ma9ta9s ! body's position 9 a #dj to #fj degree oblique to ! t>get4 ,at ! same "t1 ! ,m>9e sweeps ! safety ) ! ?umb ( ! "r h&1 places ! trigg] f+] on ! trigg]1 acquires sight alignm5t & sight picture )9 ! aim+ area1 & applies trigg] pressure until ! %ot is fir$4 ,f ! ,al]t 7,close ,qu>t]s1 ,elb[s ,b5t7 ,! ,m>9e drops to ! kneel+ position :ile pu%+ ! arms out t[>d ! t>get4 ,note3 ,! ,weav] v>iation ma9ta9s ! body's position 9 a #dj to #fj degree oblique to ! t>get4 ,at ! same "t1 ! ,m>9e sweeps ! safety ) ! ?umb ( ! "r h&1 places ! trigg] f+] on ! trigg]1 acquires sight alignm5t & sight picture )9 ! aim+ area1 & applies trigg] pressure until ! %ot is fir$4 ,f ! ,hol/] ,transport ,! ,m>9e )draws ! pi/ol f ! hol/] :ile dropp+ to ! kneel+ position4 ,! pi/ol %\ld be rotat$ to ! t>get by ! "t ! knee hits ! deck4 ,! ,m>9e sweeps ! safety ) ! ?umb ( ! "r h&1 e/abli%es a two-h&$ fir+ grip &-- ,9 ! ,weav] v>iation1 raises ! arms to br+ ! pi/ol up t[>d ! t>get4 ,9 ! ,isosceles v>iation1 pu%es ! pi/ol out t[>d ! t>get4 ,at ! same "t1 ! ,m>9e places ! trigg] f+] on ! trigg]1 acquires sight alignm5t & sight picture )9 ! aim+ area1 & applies trigg] pressure until ! %ot is fir$4 ,pres5tation ,:ile ,assum+ ! ,prone ,position ,! prone position is g5]ally assum$ to take advantage ( cov] or to provide additional /ability = %oot+4 ,! foll[+ proc$ures are execut$ f ! /&+ hol/] transports4 ,isosceles ,prone ,! ,m>9e )draws ! pi/ol f hol/]4 ,at ! same "t1 ! ,m>9e elim9ates body contact ) ! deck by ei!r ! squat me?od or ! drop me?od4 ,! pi/ol is rotat$ to ! t>get z ! left h& is plac$ on ! deck4 ,! ,m>9e sweeps ! safety (f4 ,note3 ,if ! ,m>9e wi%es to ?umbcock ! pi/ol = a s+le action %ot1 x is done once ! ,m>9e is on ! deck4 ,! ,m>9e e/abli%es a two-h&$ fir+ grip :ile spread+ ! legs a com=table di/ance ap>t = /ability4 ,he places ! trigg] f+] on ! trigg]1 acquires sight alignm5t & sight picture )9 ! aim+ area1 & applies trigg] pressure until ! %ot is fir$4 ,weav] ,prone ,! ,m>9e )draws ! pi/ol f ! hol/]4 ,at ! same "t1 ! ,m>9e elim9ates body contact ) ! deck by ei!r ! squat me?od or ! drop me?od4 ,! ,m>9e ma9ta9s ! #dj to #fj degree oblique to ! t>get4 ,! pi/ol %\ld be rotat$ to ! t>get z ! left h& is plac$ on ! deck4 ,! ,m>9e sweeps ! safety (f4 ,note3 ,if ! ,m>9e wi%es to ?umbcock ! pi/ol = a s+le action %ot1 x is done once ! ,m>9e is on ! deck4 ,! ,m>9e br+s ! left knee up1 e/abli%es a two-h&$ fir+ grip1 & places ! left elb[ on ! deck = /ability4 ,he places ! trigg] f+] on ! trigg]1 acquires sight alignm5t & sight picture )9 ! aim+ area1 & applies trigg] pressure until ! %ot is fir$4 ,se>* & ,assess ,to be successful 9 combat1 ! ,m>9e mu/ h ! ability to assess ! situation & take appropriate action foll[+ engagem5t4 ,once ! ,m>9e fires "o or two r\nds to engage a t>get1 he mu/ quickly assess ! situation & ! effectiv5ess ( 8 engagem5t4 ,?is split-second assessm5t all[s ! ,m>9e to det]m9e ! be/ c\rse ( action & prev5ts him f exp5d+ a numb] ( r\nds )\t assess+ ! results & 8 ability to accurately engage ! t>get4 ,to se>* & assess1 p]=m ! foll[+ /eps 9 sequ5ce3 ,place ! trigg] f+] /raight along ! receiv] imm$iately aft] a t>get is engag$4 ,d n place ! pi/ol on safe4 ,l[] ! arms j en\gh to look ov] ! pi/ol sights & provide a cle> field ( view4 ,d n rotate ! wri/s 9 ord] to angle ! pi/ol d[nw>d1 ?is breaks ! fir+ grip & *anges ! t5sion 9 ! arms4 ,l[]+ ! arms ma9ta9s ! fir+ grip1 keeps ! sights level1 & all[s sight alignm5t & sight picture to be quickly re-e/abli%$ %\ld foll[-on %ots ne$ to be fir$4 ,se>* ! area by mov+ ! head1 eyes1 & pi/ol left & "r 7approximately #de degrees f c5t]74 ,:]ev] ! head moves1 ! muzzle moves 7eyes1 muzzle1 t>get74 ,keep+ bo? eyes op5 increases ! field ( view4 ,if ! t>get has n be5 elim9at$1 ! ,m>9e mu/ det]m9e :e!r to re-engage ! t>get3 ,if ! ,m>9e decides to re-engage ! t>get1 ! t>get's size1 "t & di/ance to ! t>get1 & ,m>9e's capabilities dictate ! te*nique us$4 ,re-engagem5t te*niques include re-engag+ ! t>get ) a well-aim$ precision %ot1 two %ots1 or (fset aim+4 ,if ! t>get's di/ance exce$s ! ,m>9e's engagem5t capabilities or if ! t>get is p>tially expos$ & too small = ! ,m>9e to accurately engage1 ! ,m>9e %\ld n attempt to re-engage ! t>get4 ,! ,m>9e may seek cov]1 seek out a bett] opportunity = engagem5t1 or use support to bett] /abilize ! pi/ol4 ,:5 x is det]m9$ t ! area is cle> ( all enemy ?reat1 place ! pi/ol on safe )\t break+ ! grip & assume a pi/ol c>ry or pi/ol transport4 ,,*apt] #g ,,pi/ol ,,engagem5t ,,te*niques ,! ,m>9e mu/ be able to quickly detect t>gets & employ ! prop] pi/ol engagem5t & fir+ te*niques4 ,! ,m>9e mu/ also be able to re-engage a t>get if ! initial engagem5t is n successful4 ,note3 ,! proc$ures 9 ?is *apt] are writt5 = "r-h&$ ,m>9es2 left-h&$ ,m>9es %\ld rev]se directions z ne$$4 ,t>get ,detection ,t>get indicators reveal an enemy's position4 ,mo/ combat t>gets are detect$ by smoke1 fla%1 du/1 noise1 or movem5t & are usually only mom5t>ily visible4 ,t>get indicators are gr\p$ into ?ree g5]al areas3 movem5t1 s\nd1 & improp] cam\flage4 ,movem5t ,! ,m>9e does n ne$ to look directly at an object to notice movem5t4 ,! eye is attract$ to any movem5t1 especially sudd5 movem5t4 ,a sl[ly mov+ t>get is h>d] to detect ?an "o ) quick1 j]ky movem5ts4 ,!re=e1 ! ability to locate a mov+ t>get dep5ds prim>ily on ! spe$ ( ! object's movem5t4 ,s\nd ,s\nd 7e4g41 movem5t1 rattl+ equipm5t1 talk+7 c be us$ to detect an enemy position4 ,s\nd provides only a g5]al location1 mak+ x difficult to p9po9t a t>get by s\nd alone4 ,h[ev]1 s\nd c al]t ! ,m>9e to ! pres5ce ( a t>get & increases ! probability ( locat+ ! t>get ?r\gh o!r indicators4 ,improp] ,cam\flage ,! improp] use ( cam\flage creates ?ree t>get indicators3 %9e1 outl9e1 & contra/ ) ! backgr\nd4 ,! clos5ess ( a typical pi/ol engagem5t some:at dim9i%es ^! effects1 b c /ill affect t>get detection4 ,! ,m>9e's ability to recognize t>get indicators aids 9 ! detection ( t>gets4 ,%9e ,%9e is creat$ f reflective objects su* z metal1 glass1 pools ( wat]1 & ! sk9's natural oils4 ,%9e acts z a beacon 9 locat+ a t>get's position4 ,outl9e ,! outl9e ( cam\flag$ objects su* z ! body1 head & %\ld]s1 weapons1 & ge> c be recognizable4 ,contra/ ,) ! ,backgr\nd ,objects contra/ ) a backgr\nd because ( diff]5ces 9 color1 surface1 & %ape4 ,! foll[+ are examples ( objects contra/+ ) _! backgr\nd3 ,a t>get we>+ a d>k uni=m w\ld be cle>ly visible 9 an area ( sn[ or s&4 ,symmetrical %apes1 su* z helmets or rifle b>rels1 c be detect$ 9 a wood$ area4 ,fre% soil ar\nd a fight+ hole contra/s ) ! o!rwise unbrok5 gr\nd surface4 ,:ile obs]v+ an area1 ! ,m>9e notes any?+ t looks out ( place or unusual & /udies x 9 m detail 9 ord] to increase ! *ances ( spott+ a hidd5 ?reat4 ,te*niques ( ,fire ,to successfully engage a combat t>get ) ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol1 ! ,m>9e mu/ employ effective te*niques ( fire4 ,! ,m>9e's p]=mance ( ^! skills & ! prop] application ( ! fundam5tals ( m>ksman%ip are critical to success 9 a combat situation4 ,d\ble & ,s+le ,action ,fir+ ,:5 ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol is tak5 (f safe1 x is capable ( fir+ 9 bo? a d\ble & a s+le action mode4 ,d\ble ,action ,mode ,! design ( ! ,m#i s]vice pi/ol causes ! fir/ %ot fir$ to be a d\ble action %ot4 ,9 d\ble action fir+1 two actions occur z ! trigg] is mov$ to ! re>2 ! hamm] moves to ! re>1 cock+ ! pi/ol1 & !n ! hamm] moves =w>d1 fir+ ! pi/ol4 ,m pressure is requir$ on ! trigg] to fire a d\ble action %ot due to ! di/ance betwe5 ! trigg] & hamm] & ! weight ( ! trigg]4 ,a d\ble action %ot requires approximately #i to #af p\nds ( pressure to move ! trigg] re>w>d4 ,ma9ta9+ sight alignm5t & sight picture are h>d] :5 fir+ a d\ble action %ot4 ,!re=e1 ! sights w m ?an likely move outside ! aim+ area :5 apply+ trigg] pressure4 ,s+le ,action ,mode ,9 s+le action fir+1 ! pi/ol is already cock$ because ! cycle ( op]ation 9 ! fir/ d\ble action %ot leaves ! hamm] cock$ to ! re>4 ,!re=e1 ! only action tak+ place z ! trigg] is mov$ to ! re> is ! hamm] mov+ =w>d1 fir+ ! pi/ol4 ,a s+le action %ot requires approximately #d to #f p\nds ( pressure to move ! trigg] re>w>d4 ,!re=e1 ! application ( trigg] control is easi] :5 fir+ a s+le action %ot4 ,to enable ! fir/ %ot to be fir$ s+le action1 ! pi/ol's hamm] c be manually cock$ ) ! ?umb3 ,note3 ,! pi/ol mu/ be tak5 (f safe be=e x c be ?umbcock$4 ,use ! left ?umb to pull back on ! hamm] to cock x4 ,?is ensures t ! fir+ grip ( ! "r h& does n h to be brok54 ,ensure t ! hamm] moves all ! way to ! re>4 ,ensure ! trigg] f+] rema9s /raight along ! receiv] until ! pi/ol is fully cock$4 ,re-e/abli% ! fir+ grip ) bo? h&s once ! pi/ol is cock$4 ,s+le ,action or ,d\ble ,action ,fir+ ,factors ,! decision to fire 9 a s+le or d\ble action mode is made rapidly4 ,ultimately1 ! decision is bas$ on ! ,m>9e's abilities1 b ! decision is also bas$ on "t & accuracy4 ,! pi/ol is fir$ 9 ! d\ble action mode :5 trigg] control1 sight picture1 & /ability ( hold are n z critical = accuracy 7i4e41 close range1 l>ge t>gets74 ,! pi/ol is fir$ 9 ! s+le action mode :5 ! fundam5tals are m critical to accuracy 7i4e41 long range1 small t>gets74 ,"t ,! ,m>9e sacrifices "t to fire a s+le action1 precision %ot2 b :at he sacrifices 9 "t1 he ga9s 9 accuracy4 ,= quick engagem5ts at close range1 !re may n be "t to ?umbcock ! pi/ol = a s+le action %ot4 ,!re=e1 fir+ ! fir/ %ot 9 ! d\ble action mode is pref]r$ because %ots are ne$$ on t>get quickly & /ability ( hold & sight picture are n z critical to accuracy4 ,:5 "t p]mits & = t>gets at long] ranges1 ! pi/ol may be ?umbcock$ to place x 9 ! s+le action mode to r$uce ! weight ( ! trigg] & ! di/ance ! trigg] mu/ travel re>w>d to fire ! fir/ %ot4 ,di/ance & ,size ( ! ,t>get ,! small] ! t>get1 ! m critical ! application ( ! fundam5tals 9 ord] to engage ! t>get accurately4 ,to accurately engage a small t>get 7e4g41 head %ot1 long-range t>get7 x is bett] to ?umbcock ! pi/ol = a s+le action %ot4 ,engagem5t ( a small] t>get requires additional precision because sight alignm5t & sight picture are m critical to accuracy4 ,two-,%ot ,te*nique ,dur+ combat1 ! pref]r$ pi/ol engagem5t te*nique is to rapidly fire m ?an "o %ot on a t>get to elim9ate x z a ?reat4 ,two %ots fir$ 9 rapid succession increase ! trauma 7i4e41 %ock1 blood loss7 on ! t>get & increase ! ,m>9e's *ances ( quickly elim9at+ ! ?reat4 ,!re=e1 two %ots are mo/ (t5 fir$ 9 rapid succession on a t>get at close range4 ,aft] ! pi/ol is fir$1 ! muzzle climbs ) ! recoil ( ! pi/ol4 ,to fire two %ots1 ! ,m>9e mu/ quickly recov] ! sights to ! same area on ! t>get :ile re-acquir+ sight alignm5t & sight picture4 ,! prop] recov]y automatically br+s ! sights back on t>get foll[+ recoil4 ,a quick recov]y all[s m "t = ! ,m>9e to align ! sights & apply trigg] control to fire ! next %ot4 ,recov]y beg9s imm$iately aft] ! application ( ! fundam5tals to br+ ! pi/ol sights into alignm5t ) ! t>get 9 prep>ation = fir+ ! next %ot4 ,! am\nt ! muzzle climbs dur+ recoil dep5ds on ! am\nt ( controll$ muscul> t5sion 9 ! grip & wri/s us$ to /abilize ! pi/ol & create consi/5cy 9 resi/ance to recoil4 ,controll$ muscul> t5sion all[s ! pi/ol sights to recov] consi/5tly back on t>get )9 a m9imum am\nt ( "t4 ,! spe$ ( deliv]y ( multiple %ots dep5ds on h[ fa/ ! ,m>9e c re-acquire sight alignm5t4 ,sight recov]y is det]m9$ by ! foll[+3 ,! key to prop] recov]y is a /able fir+ position & prop] grip4 ,if ! ,m>9e's fir+ position is n /able1 recoil =ces him out ( 8 fir+ position1 requir+ him to re-e/abli% 8 position be=e he takes 8 next %ot4 ,an improp] grip or lack ( controll$ muscul> t5sion causes ! pi/ol to move 9 ! ,m>9e's h& aft] ! %ot is fir$1 disrupt+ sight alignm5t & requir+ ! ,m>9e to re-e/abli% 8 grip4 ,sl[ ,fire ,te*nique ,sight alignm5t becomes m critical ! small] ! t>get & ! great] ! di/ance to ! t>get4 ,9 ^! situations1 ! ,m>9e does n engage ! t>get ) two rapidly fir$ %ots because he has to sl[ d[n 8 application ( ! fundam5tals 9 ord] to fire a precision %ot7s74 ,to engage small t>gets 7i4e41 p>tially expos$7 & t>gets at long] ranges :]e precision is requir$1 ! ,m>9e mu/ employ ! foll[+ sl[ fire te*nique3 ,?umbcock ! pi/ol = a s+le action %ot4 ,sl[ d[n application ( ! fundam5tals4 ,fire "o well-aim$1 precision %ot on t>get4 ,re-engagem5t ,te*niques ,once ! ,m>9e has quickly assess$ ! situation & det]m9$ t ! ?reat /ill exi/s1 he may make ! decision to re-engage ! t>get to elim9ate x z a ?reat4 ,re-engagem5t te*niques include engag+ ! t>get ) a precision %ot ?r\gh sl[ fire1 two %ots1 or (fset aim+4 ,! "t1 size1 & di/ance to ! t>get z well z ! ,m>9e's m>ksman%ip abilities dictate ! te*nique us$ to re-engage ! t>get4 ,sl[ ,fire ,te*nique ,if ! ,m>9e has engag$ a t>get & ! t>get /ill poses a ?reat1 ! ,m>9e may *oose to sl[ d[n 8 application ( ! fundam5tals & fire a sl[ fire1 precision %ot4 ,! placem5t ( "o well-aim$1 precision %ot on a designat$ area ( ! t>get increases ! *ances ( elim9at+ ! t>get z a ?reat4 ,h[ev]1 ! "t ! ,m>9e has to engage ! t>get det]m9es if he c sl[ d[n 8 application ( ! fundam5tals to fire a precision %ot4 ,fir+ a precision %ot takes "t1 s ! ,m>9e w sacrifice "t = accuracy4 ,! key to successful %ot placem5t is ! ,m>9e's ability to sl[ d[n 8 p]=mance & focus on ! application ( ! fundam5tals ( m>ksman%ip4 ,! ,m>9e mu/ det]m9e :]e to place %ot = maximum effectiv5ess4 ,9 ord] to make ?is decision1 ! ,m>9e mu/ consid] di/ance & size ( ! t>get & "t4 ,= t>gets at close range & )9 ! ,m>9e's m>ksman%ip abilities1 a precision %ot is plac$ 9 ! head to imm$iately elim9ate ! t>get z a ?reat4 ,sometimes1 ev5 at close ranges1 ! t>get may only be p>tially expos$2 !re=e1 ! ,m>9e is pres5t$ ) a small t>get & aims 8 sights on ! portion ( ! t>get t is expos$4 ,= t>gets at long ranges1 ! t>get is small] & requires a precision %ot4 ,a precision %ot may be plac$ 9 ! body to add trauma to ! t>get & increase ! *ances ( elim9at+ ! t>get z a ?reat4 ,two-,%ot ,te*nique ,if a t>get is accurately engag$1 b does n g d[n1 ! ,m>9e may re-engage ! t>get ) additional %ots4 ,two additional1 rapidly deliv]$ %ots increases ! trauma & increases ! ,m>9e's *ances ( elim9at+ ! ?reat4 ,! size & di/ance to ! t>get affect h[ quickly two %ots c be deliv]$ on ! t>get4 ,! spe$ at :i* two %ots are fir$ also dep5ds on ! ,m>9e's m>ksman%ip abilities & h[ fa/ he c re-acquire 8 front sight4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,m>9e mu/ n compromise accuracy = spe$2 ! key to successful t>get engagem5t is to fire only z quickly z ! ,m>9e c fire effectively4 ,(fset ,aim+ ,:5 ! ,m>9e assesses ! situation & det]m9es 8 %ots are n successful & n /rik+ ! t>get 9 ! designat$ aim+ area1 he may employ (fset aim+4 ,s9ce ! pi/ol's sights _c be adju/$1 (fset aim+ is appli$ to adju/ ! aim+ area & to cause r\nds to /rike c5t] mass4 ,?is te*nique %\ld only be appli$ :5 ! ,m>9e det]m9es t he is apply+ ! fundam5tals ( m>ksman%ip correctly4 ,sight picture w *ange z ! aim+ area is adju/$4 ,! kn[n /rike ( ! r\nd (fset aim+ te*nique requires %ift+ ! po9t ( aim to comp5sate = r\nds /rik+ (f t>get c5t]4 ,to effectively engage a t>get us+ ?is te*nique1 ! ,m>9e mu/ be able to see :]e ! r\nds are /rik+ & !n aim an equal di/ance f ! c5t] ( ! aim+ area opposite ! obs]v$ /rike ( ! r\nd4 ,= example1 if ! r\nds are /rik+ ! t>get high & left ( c5t] mass1 aim an equal & opposite di/ance l[ & "r4 ,multiple ,t>gets ,if engag+ m ?an "o t>get at a "t1 ! ,m>9e adh]es to ! fundam5tals ( m>ksman%ip & employs ! te*niques ( multiple t>get engagem5t4 ,! introduction ( multiple t>gets 9 a combat sc5>io requires additional skills t mu/ be le>n$ & practic$ if a ,m>9e is to be successful4 ,to be effective 9 combat1 ! ,m>9e mu/ be able to detect t>gets ?r\gh id5tification ( t>get indicators 7id5tifi$ on page #g-a71 prioritize ! t>gets1 & employ multiple t>get engagem5t te*niques4 ,combat ,m9dset ,successful engagem5t ( multiple t>gets requires a some:at diff]5t m9dset f s+le t>get engagem5t4 ,= example1 foll[+ engagem5t ( a s+le t>get1 ! ,m>9e assesses ! situation4 ,dur+ multiple t>get engagem5ts1 aft] ! fir/ t>get is engag$1 he mu/ imm$iately engage ! next t>get & cont9ue until all t>gets h be5 elim9at$4 ,because split-second decisions mu/ be made1 ! developm5t ( a combat m9dset is important to success on ! battlefield4 ,a combat m9dset all[s ! ,m>9e to control ! pace ( ! battle r ?an react to ! ?reat4 ,m5tal prep>$ness is ess5tial to successful engagem5t ( multiple t>gets1 & ! requir$ m9dset mu/ be develop$ until x becomes second nature to ! ,m>9e4 ,:5 multiple t>gets appe>1 ! ,m>9e mu/ prioritize ! t>gets to e/abli% an engagem5t sequ5ce4 ,to prioritize t>gets & e/abli% an engagem5t sequ5ce1 ! ,m>9e mu/ be aw>e ( ! surr\nd+s1 n focus on "o t>get1 & cont9u\sly se>* ! t]ra9 = additional t>gets4 ,prioritiz+ ,t>gets ,once multiple t>gets h be5 id5tifi$1 !y mu/ be prioritiz$ 9 t]ms ( ! ?reat ea* t>get pres5ts4 ,:ile ! fundam5tals ( m>ksman%ip mu/ /ill be appli$1 prioritiz+ t>gets & plann+ ! engagem5t are j z ess5tial to successful multiple t>get engagem5t4 ,t>get priority is bas$ on factors su* z proximity1 ?reat1 & opportunity4 ,x also encompasses ! ,m>9e's pr(ici5cy level s9ce a ,m>9e %\ld n attempt to engage a t>get beyond 8 pr(ici5cy level or ! pi/ol's capability 7e4g41 a t>get #ajj y>ds away74 ,! pr9cipal me?od ( prioritiz+ t>gets is to det]m9e ! level ( ?reat = ea* t>get s t all t>gets may be engag$ 9 succession1 />t+ ) ! mo/ ?reat5+ & end+ ) ! lea/ ?reat5+4 ,prioritiz+ t>gets is an ongo+ process4 ,z ! engagem5t proce$s1 new t>gets may appe> or previ\sly id5tifi$ t>gets may take cov]1 delay+ _! engagem5t4 ,!re=e1 ! ,m>9e mu/ rema9 con/antly al]t to *anges 9 t>get ?reat1 proximity1 & ! opportunity = engagem5t & revise t>get priorities accord+ly4 ,engag+ ,multiple ,t>gets ,once t>gets h be5 prioritiz$1 ! ,m>9e mu/ quickly elim9ate !m4 ,x is crucial to und]/& & practice ! physical te*niques = engag+ multiple t>gets until !y become second nature4 ,:5 ^! te*niques occur z automatic responses1 ! ,m>9e ma9ta9s an aw>5ess ( ! complete battlefield & is able to conc5trate on ! m5tal aspects ( multiple t>get engagem5t4 ,engagem5t ,me?ods ,! fundam5tals ( m>ksman%ip are critical to ! developm5t ( skills to support multiple t>get engagem5t4 ,:ile responsiv5ess is important :5 engag+ multiple t>gets1 ! ,m>9e's prim>y conc]n is to place accurate r\nds on t>get4 ,a balance mu/ be /ruck betwe5 plac+ %ots quickly on t>gets at close range & sl[+ d[n to place precision %ots on t>gets at long range because all t>gets pose a ?reat & mu/ be accurately engag$4 ,to engage multiple t>gets-- ,engage e t>get1 move f t>get to t>get4 ,aft] all ( ! t>gets h be5 initially engag$1 assess ! effectiv5ess ( ! engagem5ts &1 if necess>y1 re-engage t>gets t /ill pose a ?reat4 ,if all ( ! t>gets are elim9at$1 se>* ! area = new t>gets4 ,consid]ations = ,field ,fir+ ,positions ,! selection & use ( field fir+ positions are critical to engagem5t ( multiple t>gets4 ,z 9 any fir+ situation1 if ! situation p]mits1 ! ,m>9e %\ld make a quick m5tal review ( ! t]ra9 to select a fir+ position t provides /ability1 mobility1 & obs]vation ( ! enemy4 ,! fir+ position %\ld also provide flexibility = engag+ multiple t>gets4 ,! m disp]s$ ! multiple t>gets1 ! great] ! lat]al movem5t ! position mu/ af=d to engage !m4 ,! prone position provides ! maximum /ability = fir+ well-plac$ %ots1 b engag+ multiple t>gets f ?is position may require adju/m5t 9 ! position f %ot to %ot dep5d+ on ! di/ance betwe5 ! t>gets & _! location4 ,because ! arms are fully ext5d$ on ! gr\nd1 ! prone position c be re/rictive1 increas+ ! "t x w take to recov] ! sights onto subsequ5t t>gets4 ,if ! ,m>9e mu/ make an adju/m5t 9 ! prone position to engage multiple t>gets1 he mu/ ensure t he ma9ta9s prop] arm placem5t4 ,improp] arm placem5t may affect 8 /ability ( hold & 8 ability to acquire sight picture4 ,! foll[+ id5tifies position adju/m5ts3 ,= t>gets t are n widely disp]s$1 ! ,m>9e adju/s ! position ( ! l[] "p ( ! body to ori5t ! upp] body t[>d ! t>get )\t di/urb+ ! placem5t ( ! arms4 ,?is all[s ! ,m>9e to ma9ta9 /ability ( hold & quickly recov] on subsequ5t t>gets4 ,mov+ ! legs to ! left ori5ts ! upp] body to ! "r2 mov+ ! legs to ! "r ori5ts ! upp] body to ! left4 ,= t>gets t are widely disp]s$1 ! ,m>9e may ne$ to adju/ 8 entire position to ori5t 8 body 9 ! direction ( subsequ5t t>gets4 ,us+ ! left h&1 pu% ! upp] body (f ! deck j high en\gh to move ! body 9 ! direction ( ! t>get4 ,ext5d ! "r arm t[>d ! t>get & keep ! muzzle po9t$ 9 ! direction ( ! t>get4 ,! kneel+ & /&+ positions provide an increas$ field ( view & all[ maximum lat]al adju/m5t to engage disp]s$ t>gets4 ,! type ( adju/m5t ! ,m>9e mu/ make 9 ! kneel+ or /&+ position 9 ord] to ori5t 8 body 9 ! direction ( ea* t>get is relat$ to ! di/ance betwe5 ! t>gets4 ,x is also relat$ to ! ,m>9e's ability to ma9ta9 /ability ( hold & recov] f recoil4 ,once ! fir/ t>get is engag$-- ,ma9ta9 a prop] %oot+ position1 rotate ! body 9 ! direction ( ! t>get1 keep+ ! feet 9 place4 ,9 ! /&+ position1 ! ,m>9e may b5d slightly at ! knees :ile rotat+ ! body4 ,?is all[s ! ,m>9e to di/ribute 8 weight =w>d to provide additional /ability to ! position & to bett] control ! effects ( recoil4 ,adju/ ! entire position by ei!r adju/+ ! placem5t ( ! feet or knee7s7 9 ord] to face 9 ! direction ( ! new t>get if ! t>gets are "s di/ance ap>t4 ,ensure t z ! eyes move to a new t>get1 ! head & pi/ol muzzle %\ld foll[4 ,mov+ ,t>gets ,! majority ( combat t>gets w be mov+2 ! enemy w move quickly f cov] to cov]1 expos+ himself = ! %orte/ "t possible4 ,!re=e1 a mov+ t>get mu/ be engag$ be=e x disappe>s4 ,! ,m>9e mu/ engage a mov+ t>get ) ! same accuracy & precision us$ to engage a /ation>y t>get4 ,practice 9 ! prop] application ( leads & ! fundam5tals ( m>ksman%ip enable ! successful engagem5t ( mov+ t>gets4 ,types ( ,mov+ ,t>gets ,mov+ ,t>get ,?is type ( t>get moves 9 a consi/5t mann] 7i4e41 walk+ or runn+7 & is 9 cont9u\s sight z x moves across ! ,m>9e's field ( vision4 ,h[ev]1 unless ! enemy is completely unaw>e ( ! ,m>9e's pres5ce1 ?is type ( t>get is n likely to pres5t itself4 ,/op & ,g ,t>get ,?is type ( t>get appe>s & disappe>s dur+ its movem5t due to int]mitt5t cov]4 ,x w pres5t itself = only a %ort p]iod ( "t be=e re-e/abli%+ cov]4 ,?is type ( t>get is mo/ vuln]able to fire at ! beg9n+ & end ( its movem5t because x beg9s sl[ & ga9s mom5tum z x leaves cov] & !n sl[s to avoid ov]runn+ ! new cov]4 ,leads = ,mov+ ,t>gets ,once ! mov+ t>get has be5 id5tifi$ x mu/ be engag$4 ,to engage a mov+ t>get1 ! ,m>9e mu/ aim at a po9t 9 front ( ! t>get1 :i* is kn[n z a lead4 ,lead is ! di/ance 9 advance ( ! t>get t is requir$ to /rike ! t>get :5 x is mov+4 ,to a*ieve success1 det]m9+ ! am\nt ( lead to engage a mov+ t>get mu/ be z precise z possible4 ,:5 a %ot is fir$ at a mov+ t>get1 ! t>get cont9ues to move dur+ ! "t ( ! bullet's flight4 ,= ?is reason1 ! aim mu/ be 9 front ( ! t>get2 o!rwise1 ! %ot w fall beh9d ! t>get4 ,factors ,affect+ ,lead ,factors t affect ! am\nt ( lead are ! t>get's range1 spe$1 & angle ( movem5t4 ,range4 ,!re is a "t lag f ! "t a r\nd is fir$ until ! r\nd /rikes at ! po9t ( aim4 ,?is "t ( flight c\ld all[ a t>get to move out ( ! bullet's pa? if ! r\nd 7 fir$ directly at ! t>get4 ,"t ( flight increases z range to ! t>get increases4 ,!re=e1 ! lead mu/ be increas$ 9 proportion to ! di/ance to ! t>get4 ,spe$4 ,a great] lead is requir$ to hit a runn+ man ?an a walk+ man because ! runn+ man moves a great] di/ance dur+ ! flight ( ! bullet4 ,angle ( ,movem5t4 ,! angle ( t>get movem5t also affects ! am\nt ( lead requir$ = t>get engagem5t4 ,! angle ( movem5t across ! ,m>9e's l9e ( sight relative to ! flight ( ! bullet det]m9es ! type 7am\nt7 ( lead4 ,types ( ,leads ,full ,lead4 ,! t>get moves /raight across ! ,m>9e's l9e ( sight ) only "o arm & half ! body visible4 ,?is t>get requires a full lead because x moves ! greate/ di/ance across ! ,m>9e's l9e ( sight dur+ ! bullet's flight4 ,half ,lead4 ,! t>get moves obliquely across ! ,m>9e's l9e ( sight 7at ab\t a #de-;degree angle74 ,"o arm & ov] half ( ! back or *e/ are visible4 ,?is t>get requires half ( a full lead because x moves half z f> z a t>get mov+ directly across ! ,m>9e's l9e ( sight dur+ ! bullet's flight4 ,no ,lead4 ,a t>get mov+ directly t[>d or away f ! ,m>9e pres5ts a full view ( bo? arms & ! entire back or *e/4 ,no lead is requir$4 ,?is t>get is engag$ 9 ! same mann] z a /ation>y t>get because x is n mov+ across ! ,m>9e's l9e ( sight4 ,po9t ( ,aim ,te*nique ,to engage a mov+ t>get1 a ,m>9e e/abli%es a lead us+ a po9t ( aim (fset aim+ te*nique4 ,?is te*nique uses pr$et]m9$ po9ts ( aim to sector a man-siz$ t>get v]tically1 halfway betwe5 c5t] mass & ! lead+ edge ( ! t>get 7bo? "o po9t ( aim & two po9ts ( aim7 7see fig4 #g-a on page #g-h74 ,! same units ( measure c be appli$ (f ! t>get = holds ( additional po9ts ( aim4 ,to use ! po9t ( aim te*nique to e/abli% a lead on a man-siz$ mov+ t>get at v>i\s ranges1 spe$s1 & angles ( movem5t1 ! foll[+ guidel9es apply4 ,see figure #g-b on page #g-i4 ,= a t>get mov+ at a di/ance ( #ae y>ds away or less1 no lead is requir$4 ,= a t>get walk+ directly across ! ,m>9es l9e ( sight 7full lead7 betwe5 #af & #be y>ds away1 hold #a po9t ( aim 9 ! direction ! t>get is mov+4 ,= a t>get runn+ directly across ! ,m>9e's l9e ( sight 7full lead7 betwe5 #af & #be y>ds away1 hold #b po9ts ( aim 9 ! direction ! t>get is mov+4 ,me?ods ( ,engagem5t ,mov+ t>gets1 al?\gh difficult1 c be engag$ by ! track+ or ambu% me?od or a comb9ation ( ! two4 ,see figure #g-b on page #g-i4 ,track+ ,me?od ,9 ?is me?od1 ! ,m>9e 8tracks0 or foll[s ! t>get ) 8 front sight :ile ma9ta9+ sight alignm5t & a po9t ( aim on or ahead ( 7lead+7 ! t>get until ! %ot is fir$4 ,sight picture is ! aim+ po9t 9 relation to ! t>get :ile ma9ta9+ sight alignm5t 7:5 a lead is e/abli%$ 9 mov+ t>get engagem5t1 ! sights are n ent]$ on ! t>get74 ,to execute ! track+ me?od-- ,?umbcock ! pi/ol :ile pres5t+ x to ! t>get4 ,track ! muzzle ( ! pi/ol ?r\gh ! t>get to ! desir$ po9t ( aim 7lead74 ,! po9t ( aim may be on ! t>get or "s po9t 9 front ( ! t>get dep5d+ ^u ! t>get's range1 spe$1 & angle ( movem5t4 ,track & ma9ta9 focus on ! front sight :ile apply+ trigg] pressure & acquir+ sight alignm5t4 ,cont9ue track+ & apply+ trigg] pressure :ile acquir+ sight picture4 ,:5 sight picture is e/abli%$1 engage ! t>get :ile ma9ta9+ ! prop] po9t ( aim 7lead74 ,foll[ ?r\gh s ! lead is ma9ta9$ z ! bullet exits ! muzzle4 ,cont9u+ to track also enables a second %ot to be fir$ on t>get4 ,ambu% ,me?od ,! ambu% me?od is g5]ally us$ to engage a /op & g t>get & :5 x is difficult to track ! t>get ) ! pi/ol1 su* z 9 ! prone position4 ,) ?is me?od1 ! pi/ol is aim$ at a pr$et]m9$ engagem5t po9t ahead ( ! t>get & along its pa?1 all[$ to rema9 /ation>y1 & fir$ :5 ! t>get rea*es ! pr$et]m9$ engagem5t po9t4 ,! engagem5t po9t is bas$ on ! requir$ po9t ( aim 7lead7 to engage ! t>get effectively4 ,:5 ! sights are settl$1 ! t>get moves into ! pr$et]m9$ engagem5t po9t creat+ ! desir$ sight picture4 ,once sight picture is e/abli%$1 ! rema9+ pressure is appli$ on ! trigg] until ! %ot is fir$4 ,to execute ! ambu% me?od-- ,look = a patt]n ( exposure4 ,?umbcock ! pi/ol :ile pres5t+ x to a select$ po9t ( aim ahead ( ! t>get4 ,apply trigg] pressure :ile obta9+ sight alignm5t 9 ! aim+ area4 ,cont9ue apply+ trigg] pressure & hold sight alignm5t until ! t>get moves into ! pr$et]m9$ engagem5t po9t & ! desir$ sight picture is e/abli%$4 ,engage ! t>get once ! sight picture is acquir$4 ,foll[ ?r\gh s ! pi/ol sights are n di/urb$ z ! bullet exits ! muzzle4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #g-a4 ,po9ts ( ,aim4 ,apply+ ! ,fundam5tals ( ,m>ksman%ip ,! engagem5t ( mov+ t>gets is a p]i%able skill t mu/ be practic$ frequ5tly if x is to be ma9ta9$4 ,! ,m>9e mu/ practice to develop ! skill to calculate ! po9t ( aim 7lead7 & fire ! %ot :ile ma9ta9+ ! prop] po9t ( aim 7lead74 ,to engage mov+ t>gets us+ ! track+ me?od1 ! ,m>9e moves ! pi/ol smoo?ly & /eadily z ! t>get moves4 ,a /able position & firm grip are necess>y to /eady ! pi/ol sights :ile track+4 ,:5 us+ ! track+ me?od1 cont9ue track+ ! t>get :ile foll[+ ?r\gh ) ! %ot process s ! po9t ( aim 7lead7 is ma9ta9$ z ! bullet exits ! muzzle4 ,cont9u+ to track also enables a second %ot to be fir$ on t>get if necess>y4 ,conc5tration %\ld be on cont9u+ to track :ile apply+ ! fundam5tals4 ,! fundam5tals mu/ be in/9ctively appli$1 all[+ conc5tration on track+ ! t>get & apply+ po9t ( aim 7lead74 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #g-b4 ,mov+ ,t>get ,engagem5t ,me?ods4 ,aim+ ,sight alignm5t rema9s un*ang$ = accurate engagem5t ( a mov+ t>get4 ,! mo/ common error :5 engag+ mov+ t>gets is to focus on ! t>get r ?an focus+ on ! front sight4 ,sight picture is ! po9t ( aim 9 relation to ! t>get :ile ma9ta9+ sight alignm5t4 ,= bo? ! ambu% & track+ me?ods1 sight picture is *ang$ f ! normal c5t] mass picture1 bas$ on range1 spe$1 & angle ( movem5t ( ! t>get4 ,x takes practice 9 mov+ t>get engagem5t to quickly e/abli% ! desir$ sight picture = a giv5 po9t ( aim 7lead74 ,brea? ,control ,!re is no diff]5ce 9 brea? control :5 engag+ mov+ t>gets2 ! brea? is held to fire ! %ot4 ,trigg] ,control ,trigg] control is critical to fir+ %ots :ile e/abli%+ & ma9ta9+ sight alignm5t & sight picture4 ,because ! s+le action mode is ! pref]r$ me?od ( engag+ a mov+ t>get1 ! pi/ol is ?umbcock$ be=e trigg] control is appli$4 ,! foll[+ guidel9es apply3 ,d n use int]rupt$ trigg] control :5 engag+ mov+ t>gets because ! po9t ( aim 7lead7 is lo/ or has to be adju/$ if ! trigg] is held 9 ord] to re-assume ! prop] sight picture4 ,d n /op track+ z trigg] control is appli$4 ,?is causes ! %ot to impact beh9d ! mov+ t>get4 ,trigg] control %\ld be un9t]rupt$ :ile ma9ta9+ ! po9t ( aim s ! trigg] is pull$ 9 "o cont9u\s1 smoo? motion to ! re>4 ,d n int]rupt trigg] control :5 ! t>get is mask$ f view4 ,?is is p>ticul>ly true 9 ! ambu% me?od = t>gets t appe> to /op & g :5 mov+ to & f cov]4 ,trigg] control %\ld be un9t]rupt$4 ,,*apt] #h ,,"o-,,h&$ ,,te*niques ,9 combat1 a situation may arise :]e ! ,m>9e mu/ engage a t>get by us+ only "o h&4 ,a ,m>9e fires ! pi/ol "o-h&$ :5-- ,! ,m>9e's o!r h& is occupi$4 ,a t>get pres5ts itself s quickly & at a close range t ! ,m>9e does n h "t to e/abli% a two-h&$ grip & position4 ,"o ( ! ,m>9e's h&s is injur$4 ,note3 ,! proc$ures 9 ?is *apt] are writt5 = "r-h&$ ,m>9es2 left-h&$ ,m>9es %\ld rev]se directions z ne$$4 ,pres5tation & ,%oot+ ,adju/m5t ( ! ,/&+ ,position ,to fire accurately1 ! ,m>9e mu/ ma9ta9 ! same /ability & control ( ! pi/ol1 manage recoil1 & recov] on t>get z effectively ) "o h& z ) two4 ,?is is accompli%$ by adju/+ ! /&+ position z ! pi/ol is pres5t$ to ! t>get 7see fig4 #h-a74 ,! ,m>9e's angle to ! t>get det]m9es :at adju/m5ts are made to ! /&+ position4 ,?is adju/m5t is made :ile ! pi/ol is be+ pres5t$ to ! t>get by mov+ or slid+ ! feet to ori5t ! body to ! t>get4 ,= /ability & balance1 ! "r foot may be slightly =w>d ( ! left foot4 ,! fur!r to ! "r ( ! ,m>9e ! t>get is ! f>!r =w>d ! "r foot w be4 ,to adju/ ! /&+ position :5 fir+ "o-h&$-- ,increase ! muscul> t5sion 9 ! "r arm & b5d ! elb[ slightly to bett] manage ! pi/ol4 ,note3 ,= "s ,m>9es1 muscul> t5sion 9 ! fir+ arm & ! position ( ! body 9 relation to ! t>get causes !m to cant ! pi/ol inbo>d slightly4 ,a slight inbo>d cant ( ! pi/ol & fir+ arm all[s a natural b5d 9 ! elb[ & all[s a bett] managem5t ( recoil & recov]y ( ! sights back on t>get4 ,any cant %\ld be natural & n caus$ by excessive muscul> t5sion4 ,a slight cant does n affect %oot+ p]=mance & %\ld n alt] ! application ( ! fundam5tals ( m>ksman%ip4 ,apply controll$ muscul> t5sion ?r\gh\t ! body to bett] manage ! effects ( recoil4 ,lean =w>d aggressively1 roll ! %\ld]s =w>d1 & tuck ! head into ! %\ld]s4 ,note3 ,! foll[+ /ep is done only dur+ tra9+ to demon/rate h[ to /abilize ! position & to simulate ! ,m>9e's o!r h& be+ occupi$4 ,place ! left h& 9 a fi/ on ! c5t] ( ! torso to increase /ability4 ,if ! left arm is sw++ freely x causes a correspond+ movem5t 9 ! pi/ol1 r$uc+ /ability & control4 ,plac+ ! left h& on ! torso also ensures x is n cov]$ by ! muzzle ( ! pi/ol z ! pi/ol is pres5t$4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-a4 ,"o-,h&$ ,pres5tation4 ,se>*+ & ,assess+ ,aft] ,fir+ ,foll[+ "o-h&$ t>get engagem5t1 ! ,m>9e mu/ quickly decide if x is to 8 advantage & if x is possible to free 8 occupi$ h& 9 ord] to place bo? h&s on ! pi/ol to se>* & assess4 ,:5ev] possible1 ! ,m>9e places bo? h&s on ! pi/ol to increase /ability & to be ready = re-engagem5t if necess>y4 ,reload+ ,dry ,reload ,:5 only "o h& is available1 ! dry reload c be p]=m$ z foll[s3 ,seek cov]1 if ! situation p]mits4 ,press ! magaz9e release button & all[ ! magaz9e to fall to ! deck4 ,if us+ ! "r h&1 press ! magaz9e release button ) ! ?umb4 ,if us+ ! left h&1 press ! magaz9e release button ) ! trigg] f+]4 ,po9t ! muzzle 9 a safe direction & position ! pi/ol to facilitate load+ ! magaz9e4 ,dep5d+ on ! fir+ position1 ?is is accompli%$ us+ "o ( ! foll[+ me?ods3 ,two-,knee ,kneel+ ,position ,rotate ! pi/ol s ! magaz9e well faces up & ! muzzle ( ! pi/ol is po9t$ away f ! body4 ,place ! pi/ol betwe5 ! ?ighs or knees & apply pressure to hold ! pi/ol 9 place4 ,)draw a fill$ magaz9e f ! ammunition pocket & ins]t x into ! magaz9e well1 seat+ x ) ! heel ( ! h&4 ,see figure #h-b4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-b4 ,"o-,h&$ ,dry ,reload3 ,two-,knee ,kneel+ ,position4 ,/&+ ,position ,rotate ! pi/ol s ! magaz9e well faces up & ! muzzle ( ! pi/ol is po9t$ away f ! body4 ,place ! pi/ol betwe5 ! ?ighs or knees & apply pressure to hold ! pi/ol 9 place4 ,b5d slightly at ! knees to secure ! pi/ol betwe5 ! ?ighs4 ,)draw a fill$ magaz9e f ! ammunition pocket & ins]t x into ! magaz9e well1 seat+ x ) ! heel ( ! h&4 ,see figure #h-c4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-c4 ,"o-,h&$ ,dry ,reload3 ,/&+ ,position4 ,kneel+ ,position 7,high1 ,m$ium1 ,l[7 ,rotate ! pi/ol s ! magaz9e well faces outbo>d & ! muzzle is po9t$ away f ! body4 ,place ! re> portion ( ! slide 9 ! b5d ( ! "r knee & apply pressure ) ! leg to hold ! pi/ol 9 place4 ,= additional control1 ! ,m>9e may drop to a two-knee kneel+ position & place ! pi/ol betwe5 8 knees4 ,)draw a fill$ magaz9e f ! ammunition pocket & ins]t x into ! magaz9e well1 seat+ x ) ! heel ( ! h&4 ,see figure #h-d on page #h-d4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-d4 ,"o-,h&$ ,dry ,reload3 ,kneel+ ,position4 ,prone ,position ,! ,m>9e places ! pi/ol on ! deck 9 front ( him & aga9/ 8 body ) ! muzzle po9t$ 9 a safe direction4 ,alt]nately1 ! ,m>9e may roll on 8 side & place ! pi/ol betwe5 8 knees1 ) ! magaz9e well fac+ out4 ,)draw a fill$ magaz9e f ! ammunition pocket & ins]t x into ! magaz9e well1 seat+ x ) ! heel ( ! h&4 ,see figure #h-e on page #h-d4 ,grasp ! pi/ol grip & remove ! pi/ol f its secur$ location or f ! deck4 ,press ! slide release to all[ ! slide to move =w>d & *amb] a r\nd4 ,if us+ ! "r h&1 press ! slide release ) ! ?umb4 ,if us+ ! left h&1 press ! slide release ) ! index f+]4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-e4 ,"o-,h&$ ,dry ,reload3 ,prone ,position4 ,condition #a ,reload ,:5 only "o h& is available1 a ,condition #a reload c be p]=m$ z foll[s3 ,po9t ! muzzle 9 a safe direction & position ! pi/ol to all[ = removal ( ! magaz9e 7e4g41 betwe5 ! ?ighs1 9 ! b5d ( ! knee1 9 ! hol/]1 tuck$ 9 ! c>tridge belt1 on ! deck aga9/ ! body74 ,any position is correct if x all[s ! magaz9e well to be expos$4 ,)draw a fill$ magaz9e f ! ammunition pocket4 ,press ! magaz9e release button & remove ! magaz9e f ! pi/ol4 ,if us+ ! "r h&1 press ! magaz9e release button ) ! ?umb4 ,if us+ ! left h&1 press ! magaz9e release button ) ! index f+]4 ,ins]t ! fill$ magaz9e into ! magaz9e well1 seat+ x ) ! heel ( ! h&4 ,/[ ! p>tially-fill$ magaz9e 7e4g41 inside ! c>tridge belt1 9 ! c>go pocket74 ,grasp ! pi/ol grip & remove ! pi/ol f its secur$ location1 keep+ ! trigg] f+] /raight & (f ! trigg] until ready to fire4 ,rem$ial ,action ,rem$ial action requires inve/igat+ ! cause ( ! /oppage1 cle>+ ! /oppage1 & return+ ! pi/ol to op]ation4 ,:5 p]=m+ rem$ial action1 seek cov] if ! tactical situation p]mits4 ,once a pi/ol ceases to fire1 ! ,m>9e mu/ visually or physically obs]ve ! pi/ol to id5tify ! problem be=e x c be cle>$4 ,! /eps tak5 to cle> ! pi/ol are bas$ on :at is obs]v$3 ,remove ! f+] f ! trigg] & place x /raight along ! receiv]4 ,lock ! slide to ! re>4 ,to pull & lock ! slide to ! re>1 pu% up on ! slide /op & ma9ta9 pressure ) ! "r ?umb4 7,pu% up on ! slide /op ) ! left index f+] if rem$ial action is be+ p]=m$ ) ! weak h&47 ,secure ! re> sight on ! top ( ! c>tridge belt or any o!r surface t provides ! resi/ance ne$$ to /abilize ! pi/ol4 ,see figure #h-f4 ,:ile apply+ pressure on ! pi/ol to keep ! re> sight secur$1 pu% d[nw>d on ! pi/ol 9 "o cont9u\s motion to lock ! slide to ! re>4 ,note3 ,ensure ! pi/ol does n move to safe :5 lock+ ! slide to ! re>4 ,place ! pi/ol 9 a position to obs]ve ! *amb]4 ,correct ! /oppage4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-f4 ,"o-,h&$ ,rem$ial ,action4 ,if !re is a r\nd 9 ! magaz9e b n 9 ! *amb]1 release ! slide & obs]ve a r\nd be+ *amb]$4 ,if y d n obs]ve a r\nd be+ *amb]$1 tap1 rack1 & bang to p]=m rem$ial action3 ,tap ,keep muzzle po9t$ 9 a safe direction & place trigg] f+] /raight along ! receiv]4 ,/rike ! bottom ( ! magaz9e aga9/ a h>d surface to ensure x is seat$4 ,9 ! kneel+ position1 /rike ! magaz9e aga9/ ! ?igh 7see fig4 #h-g on page #h-f74 ,9 ! /&+ position1 br+ ! "r knee up :ile /rik+ magaz9e aga9/ ! "r ?igh 7see fig4 #h-h on page #h-f74 ,9 ! prone position1 /rike ! magaz9e aga9/ ! deck4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-g4 ,tap ! ,magaz9e ,aga9/ ! ,knee3 ,kneel+ ,position4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-h4 ,tap ! ,magaz9e ,aga9/ ! ,knee3 ,/&+ ,position4 ,rack ,rotate ! pi/ol s ! re> sight c be hook$ on ! top ( ! c>tridge belt or any o!r surface 7e4g41 ! edge ( a table1 wall1 heel ( ! boot7 t provides ! resi/ance ne$$ to rack ! slide 9 a smoo?1 un9t]rupt$ motion4 ,d n let ! muzzle ( ! pi/ol cov] ! body4 ,see figures #h-i & #h-aj4 ,apply pressure on ! pi/ol to keep ! re> sight secur$ :ile pu%+ d[nw>d on ! pi/ol to move ! slide fully to ! re>4 ,release pressure on ! pi/ol to *amb] ! r\nd4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-i4 ,rack ,slide ,aga9/ ,c>tridge ,belt4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-aj4 ,rack ,slide ,aga9/ ,heel ( ,boot4 ,bang ,recov] ! pi/ol on t>get1 re-e/abli% sight alignm5t_/sight picture1 & attempt to fire4 ,pres5tation ,f ! ,hol/] ,) ! ,weak ,h& ,dur+ combat1 ! ,m>9e mu/ be prep>$ to engage t>gets at any "t4 ,!re=e1 ! ,m>9e mu/ h ! ability to pres5t ! pi/ol f ! hol/] ) 8 weak 7left7 h& if circum/ances prev5t him f us+ 8 /rong 7"r7 h&4 ,he mu/ apply ! same smoo?1 controll$ movem5t to pres5t ! pi/ol to ! t>get4 ,!re are ?ree me?ods = )draw+ ! pi/ol f ! hol/] ) ! weak h&4 ,! ,m>9e %\ld practice ea* me?od to det]m9e :i* works be/ = him4 ,me?od ,"o3 ,pi/ol ,rotation ,unfa/5 & release ! ,d-r+ ) ! left h&4 ,see figure #h-aa4 ,wrap ! f+]s & ?umb ar\nd ! pi/ol grip s ! index f+] & ?umb are ar\nd ! base ( ! pi/ol grip4 ,see figure #h-ab4 ,draw ! pi/ol /raight up until trigg] gu>d cle>s ! top ( ! hol/]4 ,see figure #h-ac4 ,rotate ! pi/ol s ! magaz9e well faces ! t>get & ! trigg] gu>d re/s on ! top ( ! hol/]4 ,ensure ! trigg] gu>d re/s securely aga9/ ! top ( ! hol/]4 ,see figure #h-ad on page #h-h4 ,ma9ta9 d[nw>d pressure on ! pi/ol & slide ! left h& ar\nd ! pi/ol grip to e/abli% a fir+ grip4 ,see figure #h-ae4 ,grasp ! pi/ol & cont9ue to )draw ! pi/ol until ! muzzle cle>s ! hol/] & rotate ! muzzle t[>d ! t>get4 ,sweep ! safety (f ) ! ?umb ( ! left h& :ile mov+ ! pi/ol out t[>d ! t>get4 ,at ! same "t1 place ! trigg] f+] on ! trigg] & e/abli% sight alignm5t & sight picture )9 ! aim+ area4 ,cont9ue trigg] pressure until ! %ot is fir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-aa4 ,me?od ,"o3 ,release ,d-,r+4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-ab4 ,me?od ,"o3 ,grasp ! ,pi/ol4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-ac4 ,me?od ,"o3 ,cle>+ ,trigg] ,gu>d4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-ad4 ,me?od ,"o3 ,rotat+ ! ,pi/ol4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-ae4 ,me?od ,"o3 ,e/abli%+ ! ,fir+ ,grip4 ,me?od ,two3 ,h& ,rotation ,unfa/5 & release ! ,d-r+ ) ! left h&4 ,pu% ! hol/] flap up & out ( ! way ) ! back ( ! left h&4 ,pu% ! "r hip out to facilitate grasp+ ! pi/ol grip4 ,grasp ! pi/ol grip betwe5 ! hol/] flap & ! pi/ol grip1 ! ?umb is wrapp$ ar\nd ! o!r side ( ! pi/ol grip aga9/ ! back/rap4 ,see figure #h-af4 ,note3 ,! c>tridge belt may be pull$ ) ! left h& to br+ ! hol/] clos] to ! body's c5t] to facilitate grasp+ ! pi/ol4 ,draw ! pi/ol /raight up :ile rotat+ ! pi/ol s ! magaz9e well faces inbo>d4 ,cont9ue to remove ! pi/ol until ! trigg] gu>d re/s on ! hol/]4 ,see figure #h-ag4 ,e/abli% a fir+ grip & rotate ! ?umb to a position to op]ate ! safety4 ,see figure #h-ah4 ,cont9ue to )draw ! pi/ol until ! muzzle cle>s ! hol/] & rotate ! muzzle to ! t>get4 ,see figure #h-ai4 ,sweep ! safety ) ! ?umb ( ! left h& :ile mov+ ! pi/ol out t[>d ! t>get4 ,at ! same "t1 place ! trigg] f+] on ! trigg] & e/abli% sight alignm5t & sight picture )9 ! aim+ area4 ,cont9ue trigg] pressure until ! %ot is fir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-af4 ,me?od ,two3 ,grasp+ ! ,pi/ol4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-ag4 ,me?od ,two3 ,trigg] ,gu>d ,re/s on ,hol/]4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-ah4 ,me?od ,two3 ,e/abli% ,fir+ ,grip4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-ai4 ,me?od ,two3 ,rotat+ ! ,muzzle4 ,me?od ,?ree3 ,knee ,placem5t ,?is me?od is p>ticul>ly effective :5 fir+ f ! two-knee kneel+ position & ! /&+ position4 ,unfa/5 & release ! ,d-r+ ) ! left h&4 ,wrap ! f+]s & ?umb ar\nd ! pi/ol grip s ! index f+] & ?umb are ar\nd ! base ( ! pi/ol grip4 ,draw ! pi/ol /raight up until ! muzzle cle>s ! hol/] & rotate ! muzzle =w>d4 ,! magaz9e well %\ld face upw>d4 ,place ! pi/ol betwe5 ! ?ighs1 apply+ en\gh t5sion to keep ! pi/ol 9 place4 ,! ,m>9e mu/ ensure t he does n dis5gage ! safety :ile p]=m+ ?is motion & t ! muzzle ( ! pi/ol is cle> ( ! body4 ,9 ! /&+ position1 ! ,m>9e b5ds slightly at ! knees to facilitate secur+ ! pi/ol betwe5 ! ?ighs4 ,remove ! left h& f ! pi/ol grip & rotate ! h& ar\nd ! pi/ol grip to facilitate e/abli%+ a fir+ grip4 ,grasp ! pi/ol grip & remove ! pi/ol f ! ?ighs1 rotat+ ! pi/ol until ! muzzle is po9t$ t[>d ! t>get4 ,sweep ! safety ) ! ?umb ( ! left h& :ile />t+ to pun* ! pi/ol out t[>d ! t>get4 ,e/abli% a fir+ grip & cont9ue to pun* ! pi/ol out t[>d ! t>get4 ,at ! same "t1 place ! trigg] f+] on ! trigg] & e/abli% sight alignm5t & sight picture )9 ! aim+ area4 ,cont9ue trigg] pressure until ! %ot is fir$4 ,transf]r+ ! ,pi/ol ,f ,"o ,h& to ! ,o!r ,situations may arise 9 combat :]e ! ,m>9e mu/ transf] ! pi/ol to ! left h& to engage a t>get because ! "r h& or arm is injur$4 ,to safely transf] ! pi/ol f "o h& to ! o!r1 p]=m ! foll[+ /eps3 ,note3 ,?is proc$ure is writt5 to transf] ! pi/ol f ! "r h& to ! left h&4 ,po9t ! muzzle 9 ! direction ( ! t>get & place ! trigg] f+] /raight along ! receiv]4 ,see figure #h-bj4 ,place ! web ( ! left index f+] & ?umb "u ! back/rap ( ! pi/ol4 ,see figure #h-ba4 ,wrap ! f+]s ( ! left h& ar\nd ! pi/ol grip :ile releas+ ! "r h& grip4 ,e/abli% a fir+ grip ) ! left h& on ! pi/ol4 ,see figure #h-bb4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-bj4 ,transf]r+ ! ,pi/ol--,/ep #a4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-ba4 ,transf]r+ ! ,pi/ol--,/ep #b4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #h-bb4 ,transf]r+ ! ,pi/ol--,/ep #c4 ,,*apt] #i ,,advanc$ ,,te*niques ,"s tactical situations are q complex & require ,m>9es to apply advanc$ pi/ol engagem5t te*niques 9 ord] to effectively engage ! enemy & survive4 ,! ability ( ! ,m>9e to rapidly %oot on ! move & to turn & fire w be critical to a successful engagem5t4 ,note3 ,! proc$ures 9 ?is *apt] are writt5 = "r-h&$ ,m>9es2 left-h&$ ,m>9es %\ld rev]se directions z ne$$4 ,%oot+ on ! ,move ,:5 mov+ f "o area ( cov] to ano!r1 ! ,m>9e may engage a t>get t pres5ts an imm$iate ?reat4 ,9 ?is situation1 ! ,m>9e relies on accurate fire to s]ve z 8 cov]4 ,mov+ ,) ! ,pi/ol ,! likelihood ( enc\nt]+ a ?reat dictates h[ ! pi/ol is c>ri$ :ile ! ,m>9e is mov+4 ,b reg>dless ( ! me?od ( c>ry1 ! pi/ol's muzzle is po9t$ 9 ! same direction t ! head & eyes are look+--! eyes & muzzle move z "o4 ,:5 c>ry+ ! pi/ol 9 ! ,al]t position1 ! pi/ol is tuck$ 9 close to ! body1 f+] (f ! trigg]4 ,?is position all[s ! ,m>9e fre$om ( movem5t & /ill all[s = a quick pres5tation ( ! pi/ol4 ,if !re is a high probability ( enc\nt]+ a ?reat1 ! ,m>9e c>ries ! pi/ol 9 ! ,ready position :ile mov+4 ,mov+3 ,! ,glide ,te*nique ,to %oot accurately :ile mov+1 ! ,m>9e _c run or walk fa/4 ,a normal runn+ movem5t produces too mu* b\nce 9 ! ,m>9e's body & makes x extremely difficult to use ! sights ( ! pi/ol or to a*ieve ! ne$$ level ( /ability = accurate %oot+4 ,!re=e1 ! prop] movem5t te*nique is simil> to a glide & all[s = accurate t>get engagem5t3 ,a l[] c5t] ( gravity is a*iev$ by keep+ ! knees b5t & ! upp] body erect4 ,! b5t knees also s]ve to absorb ! %ock g5]at$ by movem5t4 ,! feet are n lift$ z high z 9 a normal walk or run1 all[+ ob/ructions to be kick$ out ( ! way4 ,! feet & knees po9t 9 ! direction ( travel4 ,if !re is a ne$ to engage a t>get (f to ! side1 ! ,m>9e rotates at ! wai/ to move ! upp] body 9 ! desir$ direction4 ,! upp] body %oot+ position does n *ange4 ,! glide is n a te*nique t c be us$ = a long p]iod ( "t or = long di/ances4 ,r1 ! ,m>9e c move 9 a normal mann] until x becomes necess>y to engage a t>get1 he !n sl[s & assumes ! glide4 ,engag+ ,t>gets3 ,us+ ! ,pi/ol ,sights ,:5 ! ,m>9e fires ! pi/ol1 he mu/ conc5trate on ! pi/ol's front sight4 ,! adh]5ce to ! fundam5tals ( m>ksman%ip becomes ev5 m vital :5 bo? ! ,m>9e & ! enemy may be mov+4 ,cont9u+ to ,move ,a ,m>9e cont9ues to move no matt] :at happ5s4 ,cont9u+ to move makes x difficult = ! ?reat to engage ! ,m>9e & c be "o ( ! ,m>9e's be/ def5sive assets4 ,:5 mov+ to cov] or to a diff]5t position1 ! ,m>9e %\ld n /op to engage a t>get4 ,reload+ & ,/oppages ,if a /oppage occurs or a reload is requir$ :ile mov+1 ! ,m>9e's prim>y consid]ation is to keep mov+ & seek cov]4 ,ideally1 reloads & cle>+ /oppages are p]=m$ beh9d cov]4 ,turn & ,fire ,! te*niques = turn & fire all[ a ,m>9e to engage a t>get t is n directly 9 front ( him4 ,! key to turn & fire is smoo?ness & quickness ( pivot+ & pres5tation ( ! pi/ol to engage ! ?reat4 ,turn & fire is bas$ on ! pr9ciple t :]ev] ! head goes1 ! body foll[s4 ,engag+ ,t>gets #ij ,degrees to ! ,"r & ,left ,! ,m>9e turns ! head t[>d ! ?reat & id5tifies ! t>get4 ,once ! t>get is id5tifi$1 ! ,m>9e ma9ta9s focus on ! t>get = ! re/ ( ! pres5tation4 ,if engag+ a t>get #ij degrees to ! "r1 ! ,m>9e turns t[>d ! t>get by rais+ ! left foot :ile pivot+ on ! ball ( ! "r foot4 ,! ,m>9e plants ! left foot once he is fac+ ! t>get squ>ely4 ,! /ance is natural4 ,see figure #i-a4 ,! ,m>9e !n engages ! t>get4 ,if engag+ a t>get #ij degrees to ! left1 ! ,m>9e turns t[>d ! t>get by rais+ ! "r foot :ile pivot+ on ! ball ( ! left foot4 ,! ,m>9e plants ! "r foot once he is fac+ ! t>get squ>ely4 ,! /ance is natural4 ,see figure #i-b4 ,! ,m>9e !n engages ! t>get4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #i-a4 ,engag+ ,t>gets #ij ,degrees to ! ,"r4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #i-b4 ,engag+ ,t>gets #ij ,degrees to ! ,left4 ,engag+ ,t>gets #ahj ,degrees to ! ,re> ,! ,m>9e turns ! head t[>d ! t>get1 look+ ov] ei!r ! "r or left %\ld]1 & id5tifies ! t>get4 ,once ! t>get is id5tifi$1 ! ,m>9e ma9ta9s focus on ! t>get = ! re/ ( ! pres5tation4 ,see figure #i-c on page #i-d4 ,if ! ,m>9e pivots to ! "r to engage ! t>get1 pick up ! left foot1 move x across ! "r foot1 :ile pivot+ #ahj degrees on ! ball ( ! "r foot1 plant ! left foot1 & squ>ely face ! t>get 9 a natural /ance4 ,see figure #i-d on page #i-d4 ,if ! ,m>9e pivots to ! left to engage ! t>get1 pick up ! "r foot1 move x across ! left foot1 :ile pivot+ #ahj degrees on ! ball ( ! left foot1 plant ! left foot1 & squ>ely face ! t>get 9 a natural %oot+ /ance4 ,see figure #i-e on page #i-d4 ,! ,m>9e !n engages ! t>get4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #i-c4 ,engag+ ,t>gets #ahj ,degrees to ! ,re>4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #i-d4 ,engag+ ,t>gets #ahj ,degrees to ! ,re> 7,"r ,%\ld]74 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #i-e4 ,engag+ ,t>gets #ahj ,degrees to ! ,re> 7,left ,%\ld]74 ,,*apt] #aj ,,l[ ,,light ,,& ,,d>kness ,,te*niques ,an effective combat m>ksman mu/ be prep>$ to detect & engage t>gets "u a v>iety ( conditions4 ,factors su* z t]ra9 & opportunity (t5 dictate t ! ,m>9e engage combat t>gets at night or "u l[-light conditions4 ,! fundam5tals ( m>ksman%ip are employ$ = engagem5t ( t>gets 9 l[ light & d>kness j z !y are 9 daylight4 ,h[ev]1 ! pr9ciples ( night vision & t>get detection :5 engag+ t>gets at night mu/ be appli$4 ,combat ,m9dset ,9 ! /ress ( ! combat environm5t1 ,m>9es mu/ elim9ate any hesitation1 fe>1 or unc]ta9ty ( action & focus on ! actions to fire well-aim$ %ots4 ,?is is important dur+ l[ light & d>kness :5 att5tion is m easily div]t$ because ! s5se ( vision is r$uc$4 ,?is may create a %ock ( aw>5ess z ! ,m>9e relies m heavily on 8 o!r s5ses4 ,e noise1 movem5t1 & muzzle bla/ appe>s int5sifi$ at night4 ,! physical acts ( %oot+ mu/ become second nature to ! ,m>9e1 s 8 focus w n be div]t$ f fir+ well-aim$ %ots4 ,?is is accompli%$ ?r\gh m5tal prep>$ness & tra9+ until %oot+ actions become in/9ctive4 ,night ,vision ,adaptation & ,ma9t5ance ,night ,vision ,adaptation ,!re are two me?ods = acquir+ night vision4 ,! fir/ me?od is to rema9 9 an area ( d>kness = ab\t #cj m9utes4 ,?is area c be indoors or outdoors4 ,! major disadvantage ( ?is approa* is t a ,m>9e is n able to p]=m any tasks :ile acquir+ night vision 9 total d>kness4 ,! second me?od is to rema9 9 a d>k5$ area "u a l[ int5sity r$ light 7simil> to ! light 9 a photograph]'s d>kroom7 = ab\t #bj m9utes1 foll[$ by ab\t #aj m9utes 9 d>kness )\t ! r$ light4 ,?is me?od produces almo/ complete night vision adaptation :ile p]mitt+ ! p]=mance ( "s tasks dur+ ! adju/m5t p]iod4 ,night ,vision ,ma9t5ance ,because ! eyes take a long "t to adju/ to d>kness1 x is important to protect night vision once x is acquir$4 ,to ma9ta9 night vision1 ! ,m>9e avoids look+ at any bright light & %ields ! eyes f p>a*ute fl>es1 spotlights1 or headlights4 ,:5 us+ a fla%light to read a map or o!r mat]ial-- ,put "o h& ov] ! glass to limit ! area illum9at$ & ! int5sity ( ! light4 ,keep "o eye %ut to r$uce ! am\nt ( night vision lo/4 ,cov] ! light ) a r$ filt] to help r$uce ! loss ( night vision4 ,t>get ,detection ,te*niques ,once ! ,m>9e has acquir$ night vision1 he is prep>$ to locate t>gets4 ,"s ( ! daylight obs]vation te*niques1 su* z se>*+ = t>get indicators1 also apply at night or 9 l[ light4 ,b night obs]vation te*niques mu/ all[ = ! limitations ( night vision & ! ne$ to protect x4 ,(f-,c5t] ,vision ,because ( ! placem5t ( ! cones 9 ! c5t] ( ! ret9a & ! rods ar\nd ! edges1 ! angle at :i* ! ,m>9e obs]ves an object at night affects h[ well x is se54 ,(f-c5t] vision is ! te*nique ( keep+ ! att5tion focus$ on an object )\t look+ directly at x4 ,to maximize ! use ( ! eye's rods t provide night vision-- ,nev] look directly at ! object be+ obs]v$4 ,look slightly to ! left1 "r1 above1 or bel[ ! object4 ,ea* ,m>9e mu/ exp]im5t & practice ?is te*nique to f9d ! be/ (f-c5t] angle4 ,typically1 ! be/ (f-c5t] angle is #f to #aj degrees away f ! object or ab\t a fi/'s wid? at arm's l5g?4 ,see figure #aj-a4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #aj-a4 ,(f-,c5t] ,vision4 ,scann+_/,figure ,eight ,scan ,scann+ is ! use ( (f-c5t] vision to obs]ve an area or object & involves sl[ly mov+ ! eyes 9 a s]ies ( sep>ate movem5ts across ! objective area4 ,see figure #aj-b4 ,to execute a figure eight scan1 move ! eyes 9 a figure eight patt]n 9 %ort1 abrupt1 irregul> movem5ts ov] & ar\nd ! area4 ,once a t>get indicator has be5 detect$1 focus %\ld be conc5trat$ 9 t area1 b n directly at x4 ,x is m effective to scan f a prone position or a position clos] to ! gr\nd ?an ! object be+ obs]v$1 creat+ a silh\ett$ view ( ! object4 ,:5 scann+ an area1 look & li/5 = ! same t>get indicators z 9 daylight3 movem5t1 s\nd 7:i* seems l\d] at night ?an dur+ daylight71 & improp] cam\flage4 ,also1 objects 9 bright moonlight_//>light ca/ %ad[s j z 9 sunlight4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #aj-b4 ,figure ,eight ,scan4 ,effects ( ,illum9ation ,bo? ambi5t 7natural7 light & artificial illum9ation c affect a ,m>9e's p]ception ( ! t>get's di/ance & size & 8 night vision4 ,! foll[+ situations produce less ( an effect at ! close ranges t pi/ol engagem5ts occur1 b !y /ill affect t>get detection & engagem5t3 ,light beh9d or betwe5 ! ,m>9e & ! t>get illum9ates ! front ( ! t>get & makes x appe> clos] ?an x actually is4 ,light beyond ! t>get displays ! t>get 9 silh\ette & makes x appe> f>!r away ?an x actually is4 ,! introduction ( light requires ! eyes to make a sudd51 dra/ic adju/m5t to ! am\nt ( light receiv$1 caus+ a tempor>y bl9d+ effect t occurs :5 night vision is int]rupt$ abruptly4 ,ambi5t light c also h ! same bl9d+ effect2 e4g41 :5 a bright moon sudd5ly appe>s f beh9d cl\ds4 ,acquir+ ,t>gets at ,night ,! ,m>9e mu/ keep bo? eyes op5 to get maximum visual cov]age ( ! t>get area4 ,keep+ bo? eyes op5 also improves dep? p]ception & p]iph]al vision4 ,sight ,alignm5t_/,sight ,picture ,sight alignm5t & sight picture are obta9$ ! same way 9 d>kness z 9 daylight4 ,!re is normally en\gh ambi5t light to p]ceive objects z f> away z #ej met]s1 especially if !y are mov+4 ,h[ev]1 :5 pi/ol sights are plac$ on a d>k backgr\nd1 su* z a cam\flag$ t>get1 ! ,m>9e may n be able to acquire & align ! sights cle>ly4 ,in/ead1 ! ,m>9e may h to rely almo/ entirely on 8 pres5tation1 fir+ position1 & grip to get ! pi/ol on t>get4 ,to *eck = sight alignm5t or acquire ! sights3 ,move ! pi/ol j (f ! edge ( ! t>get to an area t provides a good contra/4 ,acquire sight alignm5t4 ,br+ ! sights back on l9e ) ! t>get :ile apply+ pressure to ! trigg] s ! %ot breaks once ! sights are on t>get4 ,fla%lights ,a fla%light c be us$ 9 l[ light & d>kness to id5tify & illum9ate t>gets4 ,x is also us$ to acquire sight picture4 ,types ( ,fla%lights ,!re are a v>iety ( fla%lights us$ ?r\gh\t ! ,m>9e ,corps4 ,!y come 9 _m diff]5t %apes & sizes2 h[ev]1 !y are ei!r /raight_/tubul> or ,l-%ap$4 ,/raight_/,tubul> ,! /raight_/tubul> fla%light is ! mo/ common4 ,! body ( ! fla%light is a /raight_/tubul> %ape ) ! l5s at ! head ( ! fla%light4 ,! on_/(f me*anism is locat$ along ! body or at ! base ( ! fla%light4 ,l-,%ap$ ,! ,l-%ap$ fla%light has a /raight_/tubul> body1 ) ! head_/l5s ( ! fla%light position$ at a #ij-;degree angle to ! body ( ! fla%light4 ,! on_/(f me*anism is locat$ along ! body or at ! base ( ! fla%light4 ,activation ,devices ,dep5d+ on ! type ( fla%light1 !re are sev]al ways t x c be activat$4 ,on_/,(f ,button ,on_/(f buttons are locat$ ei!r along ! body ( ! fla%light or at ! base4 ,on_/(f buttons are op]at$ 9 a numb] ( ways1 dep5d+ on ! fla%light4 ,on_/,(f ,swit* ,on_/(f swit*es are m\nt$ on ! body ( ! fla%light4 ,?is swit* has ?ree sett+s t all[ ! fla%light to be ei!r on1 (f1 or 9 manual mode4 ,9 ! manual mode1 ! fla%light is turn$ on by press+ & hold+ ! button locat$ next to ! on_/(f swit*4 ,rotat+ ,head ,rotat+ ! head ( ! fla%light1 ei!r clockwise or c\nt]clockwise1 turns ! fla%light on4 ,cont9u+ ?is motion all[s ! wid? & int5sity ( ! beam to be adju/$4 ,types ( ,l5ses ,cle> ,l5ses ,cle> l5ses are us$ prim>ily = t>get detection & to illum9ate ! pi/ol sights4 ,!y are ! mo/ commonly us$ l5s4 ,color$ ,l5ses ,color$ l5ses include r$1 amb]1 & blue4 ,^! l5ses are us$ prim>ily = map read+ & signal+1 b c be us$ to illum9ate ! pi/ol's sights4 ,t>get ,detection ,:5 a t>get is illum9at$1 ! front sight may become silh\ett$ aga9/ ! t>get1 provid+ ! sight picture ne$$ to engage ! t>get4 ,dur+ t>get detection1 ! ,m>9e's focus %\ld be tw(old3 to scan ! area to id5tify possible t>gets & to assess ! area to =mulate a plan = engagem5t or cov] 7e4g41 id5tify+ ! quicke/ r\te to cov]1 det]m9+ ! be/ me?od = engagem5t bas$ on t]ra974 ,se>*es ,! ,m>9e executes a ha/y se>* imm$iately ^u ent]+ a new area 9 ord] to id5tify a ?reat t poses imm$iate dang]4 ,to execute a ha/y se>*-- ,quickly scan ! area ) ! fla%light tak+ note ( obvi\s po9ts ?r\gh\t ! area t c\ld cov] or conceal ! enemy4 ,:]ev] ! eyes move1 ! fla%light %\ld move4 ,aim ! fla%light beam on ! gr\nd ab\t #h to #aj feet 9 front ( ! ,m>9e's location1 ?is all[s ! eyes to foll[ ! beam & quickly e/abli%es a ref]5ce po9t = ! light4 ,aim+ ! beam at ! out] edge ( ! se>* area /ra9s ! eyes to f9d ! beam & decreases ! field ( view4 ,! ,m>9e executes a detail$ se>* aft] ! ha/y se>*4 ,a detail$ se>* focuses on t>get indicators id5tifi$ dur+ ! ha/y se>*4 ,to conduct ! detail$ se>*-- ,focus ! mo/ direct or int5se portion ( ! fla%light beam on ! t>get indicators4 ,move ! beam ( light sl[ly across ! t>get indicator f "r to left or left to "r4 ,:]ev] ! eyes move1 ! fla%light %\ld move4 ,consid]ations ,dur+ night op]ations1 ! ,m>9e %\ld use a fla%light :5ev] possible4 ,a fla%light n only helps ! ,m>9e locate t>gets at night1 b ! beam c be aim$ directly at ! t>get once x is detect$ & tempor>ily bl9ds ! t>get4 ,?is gives ! ,m>9e ! advantage to react be=e ! t>get does4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,m>9e mu/ consid] ! foll[+3 ,anytime a fla%light is on1 ! location may be reveal$ to ! enemy4 ,! ,m>9e %\ld keep ! fla%light po9t$ out 9 front ( 8 body to help avoid illum9at+ himself & reveal+ 8 position4 ,light %9$ directly f 9 front ( ! ,m>9e at ! t>get obscures ! ,m>9e4 ,light %9$ f ! side ( ! ,m>9e at ! t>get illum9ates ! ,m>9e4 ,light c b\nce (f surfaces & reflect back onto l>g] areas t ! light is n focus$ on4 ,!re=e1 :5ev] a ,m>9e %9es a fla%light onto a surface1 "s ( ! light may reflect back & illum9ate ! ,m>9e4 ,:5 position$ at ! outside corn] ( a room1 build+1 or o!r cov]1 ! ,m>9e %\ld avoid po9t+ ! fla%light beam directly at ! corn] because ! beam reflects (f ! corn] & illum9ates ! ,m>9e4 ,to prev5t ?is1 ! head ( ! fla%light %\ld ext5d j beyond ! corn]4 ,_m fla%lights h adju/able beams t aid 9 t>get detection4 ,! beam's int5sity mu/ be adju/$ to provide ! be/ illum9ation ( ! area dep5d+ on ! di/ance betwe5 ! ,m>9e & ! area ( obs]vation4 ,diffus$ light f a wide beam creates a s(t] light & illum9ates a great] area1 b ! beam does n travel a great di/ance4 ,a wide beam is be/ = obs]v+ l>g] areas at close range4 ,conc5trat$ light f a n>r[ beam illum9ates a small] field ( view1 b ! beam travels a great] di/ance4 ,a conc5trat$ beam is effective = obs]v+ a specific area or an area t is fur!r away4 ,conc5trat$ light bl9ds ! enemy & prev5ts him f focus+ on ! ,m>9e or det]m9+ 8 location4 ,:5 se>*+ an area1 ! ,m>9e c alt] ! position :]e he is hold+ 8 fla%light s t ! beam is p]ceiv$ z com+ f v>i\s locations4 ,= example1 ! ,m>9e c turn ! fla%light on f a /&+ position1 quickly se>* = t>gets1 turn ! fla%light (f1 assume a kneel+ position1 & se>* aga94 ,?is keeps ! enemy f obta9+ an exact location ( ! ,m>9e's position4 ,keep bo? eyes op5 to get maximum visual cov]age ( ! t>get area4 ,keep+ bo? eyes op5 also improves dep? p]ception & p]iph]al vision4 ,t>get ,engagem5t ,once a t>get is detect$ us+ a fla%light1 ! fla%light c be us$ to acquire sight picture & facilitate engagem5t ( ! t>get4 ,! fundam5tals ( m>ksman%ip are employ$ = engagem5t ( t>gets 9 d>kness j z !y are 9 daylight4 ,h[ev]1 ! ,m>9e mu/ apply ! pr9ciples ( night vision & t>get detection & mu/ be able to employ a fla%light prop]ly :5 engag+ t>gets at night4 ,grip ,to engage a t>get accurately :ile us+ a fla%light1 ! fla%light mu/ be held to ma9ta9 ! pi/ol's /ability1 control1 & recoil dur+ fir+4 ,normally1 ! left h& 7two-h&$ grip7 provides ! pi/ol's /ability & ability to manage recoil4 ,h[ev]1 :5 fir+ ) a fla%light1 ! left h& holds & op]ates ! fla%light4 ,!re=e1 "s /ability1 control1 & managem5t ( recoil is lo/4 ,secur+ ! ,fla%light ,mo/ fla%lights come equipp$ ) a reta9+ loop locat$ at ! base = ease ( transportation4 ,to position ! cord prop]ly3 ,fe$ "o end ( ! cord ?r\gh ! reta9+ loop ( ! fla%light & tie ! ends ( ! cord toge!r4 ,slip ! left h& ?r\gh ! cord loop4 ,! loop %\ld be j big en\gh s t1 if ! fla%light ne$s to be dropp$1 x c be reta9$ on ! wri/4 ,rotate ! fla%light until ! cord is twi/$ to ! desir$ t5sion & l5g? necess>y to be/ /abilize ! re> end ( ! fla%light 9 ! h&4 ,grasp ! fla%light ) ! left h& 9 a position t all[s x to be op]at$ easily4 ,if ! fla%light has a reta9+ loop1 atta*+ a cord to ! loop helps support & /abilize ! fla%light :5 ! ,m>9e mu/ fire ! pi/ol ) ! fla%light 9 8 left h&4 ,! cord also helps reta9 ! fla%light4 ,acquir+ ,sight ,alignm5t_/,sight ,picture ,:5 hold+ a fla%light on a t>get1 ! t5d5cy is to look at ! t>get r ?an ! sights4 ,sight alignm5t is /ill necess>y = effective t>get engagem5t4 ,us+ a fla%light to illum9ate a t>get all[s ! ,m>9e to-- ,acquire sight picture by silh\ett+ ! sights aga9/ ! t>get4 ,! ,m>9e e/abli%es sight picture by focus+ ! sights 9 ! s(t1 diffus$ light area ( ! t>get4 ,at close ranges1 color$ l5ses produce en\gh light on ! t>get to silh\ette ! sights2 at long ranges1 color$ l5ses w n provide en\gh light (f ! t>get to illum9ate ! pi/ol sights4 ,! ,m>9e mu/ be able to see ! t>get by "s o!r means1 7e4g41 contra/1 moonlight74 ,acquire sight picture by illum9at+ ! sights4 ,a color$ l5s c be held directly ov] ! sights to %9e light on ! top ( ! pi/ol to illum9ate ! sights4 ,?is all[s sight alignm5t to be e/abli%$ )\t reveal+ ! ,m>9e to ! enemy4 ,?is me?od c also be us$ ) a cle> l5s to make a precision %ot at long ranges b ! ,m>9e risks be+ illum9at$ by ! light4 ,a color$ l5s c be %9$ f directly beh9d ! pi/ol sights to illum9ate !m4 ,?is all[s sight alignm5t to be e/abli%$1 b reveals ! ,m>9e's position to ! enemy4 ,t>get ,engagem5t ,te*niques ,two-,h&$ ,grip ,te*nique4 ,?is te*nique is typically us$ ) a /raight_/tubul> fla%light4 ,! pi/ol & fla%light mu/ be side by side & level s ! ,m>9e c engage a t>get )\t mak+ adju/m5ts to ! pi/ol or ! fla%light4 ,?is te*nique is also effective = fir+ multiple %ots because ! fla%light & pi/ol recoil z a unit4 ,:5ev] possible1 ! fla%light is j 9 front ( ! muzzle ( ! pi/ol s t x does n illum9ate ! pi/ol4 ,placem5t ( ! fla%light alongside ! pi/ol may ne$ to be adju/$ dep5d+ on ! size ( ! fla%light or ! location ( ! on_/(f me*anism4 ,?is te*nique is mo/ (t5 us$ ) an ,isosceles position 7see fig4 #aj-c73 ,grasp ! fla%light ) ! left h&1 l5s po9t+ d[n range4 ,wrap ! ?umb & index f+] ( ! left h& ar\nd ! body ( ! fla%light1 ?umb re/+ on ! on_/(f swit* to all[ easy op]ation ( ! on_/(f swit* )\t disrupt+ ! grip on ! fla%light4 ,ext5d bo? arms t[>d ! t>get & br+ ! fla%light alongside ! pi/ol s ! f+]s ( ! left & "r h&s t\*4 ,wrap ! bottom ?ree f+]s ( ! left h& ar\nd ! f+]s ( ! "r h&1 incorporat+ ! fla%light into a two-h&$ grip4 ,apply isometric pressure aga9/ bo? h&s to aid 9 /abiliz+ ! pi/ol4 ,?is te*nique c also be incorporat$ into a ,weav] position2 ! m ! left h& wraps ar\nd ! "r1 ! m ! body c be angl$ & ! left elb[ b5t4 ,apply pu%-pull pressure on ! grip to /abilize ! pi/ol4 ,see figure #aj-d4 ,cross-,h& ,te*nique4 ,! cross-h& te*nique is us$ prim>ily ) a ,weav] position & c be us$ ) ei!r a /raight_/tubul> fla%light or an ,l-%ap$ fla%light 7see fig4 #aj-e73 ,grasp ! fla%light ) ! left h&1 f+]s wrapp$ ar\nd ! top ( ! fla%light & ?umb wrapp$ ar\nd ! bottom4 ,place ! ?umb on ! on_/(f button :ile ma9ta9+ a firm grip on ! fla%light4 ,ext5d bo? arms t[>d ! t>get & br+ ! left h& "u ! pi/ol s t ! back ( ! left h& is re/+ firmly aga9/ ! back ( ! "r h&4 ,apply isometric pressure aga9/ bo? h&s to aid 9 /abiliz+ ! pi/ol4 ,ext5d ! "r arm fully & b5d ! left arm at ! elb[4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #aj-c4 ,two-,h&$ ,grip ,te*nique ,) ,fla%light 7,side & ,front ,view74 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #aj-d4 ,two-,h&$ ,grip ,te*nique ,) ,fla%light 7,weav] ,position74 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #aj-e4 ,fla%light ,cross-,h& ,te*nique4 ,consid]ations = ! ,c>ry_/,transport ,:5 se>*+ an area = t>gets1 ! ,m>9e moves ) ! pi/ol at ! c>ry or transport dictat$ by ! ?reat level4 ,! ,ready4 ,if enemy contact is expect$ 7contact imm95t71 ! ,m>9e c>ries ! pi/ol at ! ,ready & c>ries ! fla%light 9 8 left h& & incorporates x into 8 fir+ grip4 ,9 ! ,ready1 ! ,m>9e c se>* = t>gets & readily pres5t ! pi/ol & fla%light to ! t>get = engagem5t )\t mak+ adju/m5ts to ei!r ! grip or ! fla%light4 ,see figure #aj-f on page #aj-h4 ,! ,al]t4 ,if enemy contact is likely1 ! ,m>9e c>ries ! pi/ol at ! ,al]t & ! fla%light 9 8 left h& & incorporates x into 8 fir+ grip4 ,! ,m>9e mu/ ensure ! fla%light is n po9t$ at ! deck because x illum9ates ! ,m>9e4 ,if necess>y1 ! head ( ! fla%light may h to be tilt$ up to elevate ! beam to increase ! field ( view4 ,if ! fla%light has be5 tilt$1 x has to be l[]$ s x is level ) ! pi/ol muzzle & ! light %9es directly on ! t>get 9 ord] to e/abli% sight picture4 ,see figure #aj-g on page #aj-h4 ,hol/] ,transport4 ,if !re is no imm$iate ?reat1 ! pi/ol is hol/]$ & ! ,m>9e c>ries ! fla%light ) 8 left h& to se>* = t>gets4 ,%\ld a t>get pres5t itself1 ! ,m>9e pres5ts ! pi/ol f ! hol/] & engages ! t>get4 ,"t & di/ance to ! t>get dictate :e!r ! ,m>9e incorporates ! fla%light & 8 left h& into ! fir+ grip4 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #aj-f4 ,fla%light ,ready ,c>ry 7,cross-,h& & ,two-,h&$ ,grip74 ,illu/ration3 ,figure #aj-g4 ,fla%light ,al]t ,c>ry 7,two-,h&$ ,grip & ,cross-,h&74