,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,italic text is d5ot$ by und]scores4 ,bold text is d5ot$ by equal signs4 ,footnote an*ors are d5ot$ by numb]1 & ! footnotes h be5 plac$ at ! end ( ! relat$ p>agraph4 ,numb]s 9 brackets numb] are ref]5ces to ! section ( t numb]4 ,"s m9or *anges to ! text are not$ at ! end ( ! book4 ,,rob]t',s ,,rules ,,( ,,ord] ,,revis$ ,,= ,,delib]ative ,,assemblies ,,"p ,i ,,rules ,,( ,,ord] ,a ,,comp5dium ,,( ,,p>liam5t>y ,,law1 ,,bas$ ,,^u ,,! ,,rules ,,& ,,practice ,,( ,,congress ,,"p ,,ii ,,organization ,,& ,,conduct ,,( ,,bus9ess ,a ,,simple ,,explanation ,,( ,,! ,,me?ods ,,( ,,organiz+ ,,& ,,conduct+ ,,! ,,bus9ess ,,( ,,societies1 ,,conv5tions1 ,,& ,,o!r ,,delib]ative ,,assemblies ,,by ,,g5]al ,,h5ry ,m4 ,,rob]t ,u4 ,s4 ,,army ,,inclusive ,,( ,,rob]t',s ,,rules ,,( ,,ord] ,,sev5 ,,hundr$ ,,& ,,tw5ty-,,second ,,?\s& ,,scott1 ,,=esman ,,& ,,company ,,*icago ,,atlanta ,,new ,,york ,,copyright1 #aiae ,,by ,,h5ry ,m4 ,,rob]t ,all ,rights ,res]v$ ,copyrights ( ! ,pocket ,manual ( ,rules ( ,ord] 7,rob]t's ,rules ( ,ord]7 ,copyright1 #ahgf1 #ahic1 #aijd1 #aiah1 #aiba ,by ,h4 ,m4 ,,rob]t ,,table ,,( ,,cont5ts ,,page ,ord] ( ,prec$5ce ( ,motions #e ,table ( ,rules ,relat+ to ,motions #f ,preface #ac ,introduction4 ,p>liam5t>y ,law #ae ,plan ( ! ,"w #bj ,def9itions #bb ,"p ,i4--,rules ( ,ord]4 ,art4 ,i4--,h[ ,bus9ess is ,conduct$ 9 ,delib]ative ,assemblies4 #a4 ,introduction ( ,bus9ess #be #b4 ,:at ,prec$es ,debate #bf #c4 ,obta9+ ! ,floor #bg #d4 ,motions & ,resolutions #cc #e4 ,second+ ,motions #cf #f4 ,/at+ ! ,"q #ch #g4 ,debate #ch #h4 ,second>y ,motions #dj #i4 ,putt+ ! ,"q & ,ann\nc+ ! ,vote #dj #aj4 ,prop] ,motions to ,use to ,accompli% ,c]ta9 ,objects #dc ,art4 ,,ii4--,g5]al ,classification ( ,motions4 #aa4 ,ma9 or ,pr9cipal ,motions #ea #ab4 ,subsidi>y ,motions #ed #ac4 ,incid5tal ,motions #ef #ad4 ,privileg$ ,motions #eg #ae4 ,"s ,ma9 & ,unclassifi$ ,motions #eh ,art4 ,,iii4--,privileg$ ,motions4 #af4 ,fix ! ,"t to :i* ! ,assembly %all ,adj\rn #ei #ag4 ,adj\rn #fj #ah4 ,take a ,recess #fd #ai4 ,que/ions ( ,privilege #ff #bj4 ,g5]al & ,special ,ord]s & a ,call = ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day #fh ,art4 ,,iv4--,incid5tal ,motions4 #ba4 ,que/ions ( ,ord] & ,appeal #gh #bb4 ,susp5sion ( ! ,rules #hc #bc4 ,objection to ! ,consid]ation ( a ,"q #hg #bd4 ,division ( a ,"q1 & ,consid]ation by ,p>agraph or ,s]iatim #hi #be4 ,division ( ! ,assembly1 & ,motions relat+ to ,me?ods ( ,vot+1 or to ,clos+ or ,reop5+ ! ,polls #ie #bf4 ,motions relat+ to ,me?ods ( ,mak+1 or to ,clos+ or to ,reop5+ ,nom9ations #if #bg4 ,reque/s gr[+ out ( ,bus9ess ,p5d+ or t has j be5 p5d+1 z1 a ,p>liam5t>y ,inquiry1 a ,reque/ = ,in=mation1 = ,leave to ,)draw a4 ,motion1 to ,read ,pap]s1 to be ,excus$ f a ,duty1 or = any o!r ,privilege #ig ,art4 ,v4--,subsidi>y ,motions4 #bh4 ,lay on ! ,table #ajd #bi4 ,! ,previ\s ,"q #aaa #cj4 ,limit or ,ext5d ,limits ( ,debate #aah #ca4 ,po/pone ,def9itely1 or to a ,c]ta9 ,"t #aba #cb4 ,commit or ,ref]1 or ,recommit #abe #cc4 ,am5d #acd #cd4 ,po/pone ,indef9itely #aeb ,art4 ,,vi4--,"s ,ma9 & ,unclassifi$ ,motions4 #ce4 ,take f ! ,table #aed #cf4 ,reconsid] #aef #cg4 ,resc9d #afi #ch4 ,r5ewal ( a ,motion #aga #ci4 ,ratify #agc #dj4 ,dilatory1 ,absurd1 or ,frivol\s ,motions #agd #da4 ,call ( ! ,h\se #age ,art4 ,,vii4--,debate4 #db4 ,debate #agh #dc4 ,decorum 9 ,debate #ahj #dd4 ,clos+ & ,prev5t+ ,debate #ahb #de4 ,pr9ciples ( ,debate & ,undebatable ,motions #ahd ,art4 ,,viii4--,vote4 #df4 ,vot+ #ahh #dg4 ,votes t are ,null & ,void ev5 if ,unanim\s #bja #dh4 ,motions requir+ m ?an a ,majority ,vote #bjb ,art4 ,,ix4--,committees & ,bo>ds4 #di4 ,committees ,classifi$ #bjf #ej4 ,bo>ds ( ,manag]s1 etc41 & ,executive ,committees #bjg #ea4 ,ex-,(ficio ,memb]s ( ,bo>ds & ,committees #baj #eb4 ,committees1 ,special & ,/&+ #baa #ec4 ,reception ( ,reports #bbj #ed4 ,adoption or ,acceptance ( ,reports #bbc #ee4 ,committee ( ! ,:ole #bbi #ef4 ,z if 9 ,committee ( ! ,:ole #bcc #eg4 ,in=mal ,consid]ation #bcd ,art4 ,x4--,! ,(fic]s & ! ,m9utes4 #eh4 ,*airman or ,presid5t #bcf #ei4 ,secret>y or ,cl]k #bdd #fj4 ,! ,m9utes #bdg #fa4 ,executive ,secret>y #bej #fb4 ,treasur] #bea ,art4 ,,xi4--,miscellane\s4 #fc4 ,session #bec #fd4 ,quorum #beg #fe4 ,ord] ( ,bus9ess #bfa #ff4 ,nom9ations & ,elections #bfc #fg4 ,con/itutions1 ,by-laws1 ,rules ( ,ord]1 & ,/&+ ,rules #bfd #fh4 ,am5dm5ts ( ,con/itutions1 ,by-laws1 & ,rules ( ,ord] #bfi ,"p ,,ii4--,organization1 ,meet+s1 & ,legal ,rights ( ,assemblies4 ,art4 ,,xii4--,organization & ,meet+s4 #fi4 ,an ,occasional or ,mass ,meet+4 7a7 ,organization #bge 7b7 ,adoption ( ,resolutions #bgg 7c7 ,committee to draft ,resolutions #bhj 7d7 ,semi-,p]man5t ,mass ,meet+ #bhc #gj4 ,a ,p]man5t ,society4 7a7 ,fir/ ,meet+ #bhd 7b7 ,second ,meet+ #bhf 7c7 ,regul> ,meet+ #bia #ga4 ,meet+ ( a ,conv5tion4 7a7 ,an ,organiz$ ,conv5tion #bib 7b7 ,a ,conv5tion n yet ,organiz$ #bif ,art4 ,,xiii4--,legal ,rights ( ,assemblies & ,trial ( ,_! ,memb]s4 #gb4 ,"r ( an ,assembly to ,puni% its ,memb]s #bii #gc4 ,"r ( an ,assembly to ,eject any "o f its ,place ( ,meet+ #bii #gd4 ,rights ( ,ecclesia/ical ,tribunals #cjj #ge4 ,trial ( ,memb]s ( ,societies #cjb ,plan = ,/udy ( ,p>liam5t>y ,law4 ,introduction #cje ,lesson ,outl9es #cjh ,index #cac ,,ord] ,,( ,,prec$5ce ,,( ,,motions4 ,! ord9>y motions rank z foll[s1 ! l[e/ 9 rank be+ at ! bottom & ! highe/ at ! top ( ! li/4 ,:5 any "o ( !m is imm$iately p5d+ ! motions above x 9 ! li/ are 9 ord]1 & ^? bel[ are out ( ord]4 ,^? m>k$ 77 require a vote = _! adoption3 ! o!rs require only a majority4 ,fix ! ,"t to :i* to ,adj\rn 7:5 privileg$74#ab ,adj\rn 7:5 privileg$74#b ,take a ,recess 7:5 privileg$74#ab ,privileg$#b ,raise a ,"q ( ,privilege4 ,undebatable ,call = ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day4 ,lay on ! ,table4 ,previ\s ,"q 774 ,limit or ,ext5d ,limits ( ,debate 774#a ,po/pone to a ,c]ta9 ,"t4#a ,subsid>y ,commit or ,ref]4#a ,debatable ,am5d4#a ,po/pone ,indef9itely4 ,a ,ma9 ,motion4#a #a ,c be am5d$3 ! o!rs _c be am5d$4 #b ,! fir/ ?ree motions are n always privileg$4 ,to ,fix ! ,"t to :i* to ,adj\rn is privileg$ only :5 made :ile ano!r "q is p5d+1 & 9 an assembly t has made no provision = ano!r meet+ on ! same or ! next day4 ,to ,adj\rn loses its privileg$ "* & is a ma9 motion if 9 any way qualifi$1 or if its effect1 if adopt$1 is to dissolve ! assembly )\t any provision = its meet+ aga94 ,to ,take a ,recess is privileg$ only :5 made :ile o!r bus9ess is p5d+4 ,,table ,,( ,,rules ,,relat+ ,,to ,,motions ,answ]+ #cjj ,que/ions 9 ,p>liam5t>y ,practice ,section 9 ,rules ( ,ord]1 ,revis$4 ,explanation ( ! ,table4--,! rules at ! head ( ! #h columns apply to all orig9al ma9 motions1 & to all o!r cases except :]e a /> 77 or a figure indicates t ! motion is an exception to ^! rules4 ,! /> %[s t ! exact opposite ( ! rule at ! head ( ! column applies to ! motion1 & a figure ref]s to a note :i* expla9s ! ext5t ( ! exception4 ,= example1 8,lay on ! ,table02 ! ,table %[s t #bh ( ! ,manual treats ( ?is motion2 t x is 8undebatable0 & 8_c be am5d$02 t 8no subsidi>y motion c be appli$0 to x2 & t x 8_c be reconsid]$02--! fact t ! #d o!r columns h no />s or figures %[s t !3 rules at ! head ( ^! columns apply to ?is motion1 to ,lay on ! ,table1 ! same z to orig9al ma9 motions4 ,see pages #aa & #ab = a full] explanation4 ,debatable4 ,debate ,conf9$ to ,p5d+ ,"q4 ,c be ,am5d$4 ,subsidi>y ,motion c be ,appli$4 ,c be ,reconsid]$4 ,requires only a ,majority ,vote4 ,mu/ be ,second$4 ,out ( ,ord] :5 ,ano!r has ,floor4 ---------------------------------------- --------------- #ag ,adj\rn 7:5 privileg$7 #a -- -- -- -- #ed ,adopt 7,accept or ,agree to7 a ,report -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #fg ,adopt ,con/itutions1 ,by-laws1 ,rules ( ,ord] -- -- -- -- #b -- -- -- #fg ,adopt ,/&+ ,rules -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #cc ,am5d #c #d -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #cc ,am5d an ,am5dm5t #d -- -- -- -- -- -- #fh ,am5d ,con/itutions1 ,by-laws1 ,rules ( ,ord] -- -- -- -- #b #e -- -- #fg ,am5d ,/&+ ,rules -- -- -- -- -- #f -- -- #ba ,appeal1 relat+ to ,indecorum1 etc4 #g -- -- -- -- -- #ba ,appeal1 all o!r cases -- -- -- -- -- -- #cc ,blanks1 ,fill+ -- -- -- -- -- -- #cb ,commit or ,ref]1 or ,recommit -- -- -- -- #h -- -- -- #cj ,debate1 to ,close1 ,limit1 or ,ext5d #i -- -- -- -- -- -- #be ,division ( ! ,assembly -- -- #bd ,division ( ! ,"q -- -- -- -- #aj #aj #af ,fix ! ,"t to :i* to ,adj\rn #a #aa -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #eg ,in=mal ,consid]ation ( a ,"q -- -- -- #b -- -- -- #bh ,lay on ! ,table -- -- -- -- #ba ,leave to ,cont9ue ,speak+ aft] ,indecorum -- -- -- -- -- #aa ,ma9 ,motion or ,"q -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #bf ,nom9ations1 to ,make -- -- -- -- -- #bf ,nom9ations1 to ,close -- -- -- -- -- #bf ,nom9ations1 to ,reop5 -- -- -- #b -- -- -- #bc ,objection to ,consid]ation ( a ,"q -- #b #ab #ba ,ord]1 ,que/ions ( -- -- #bj ,ord]1 to ,make a ,special -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #bj ,ord]s ( ! ,day1 to ,call = -- -- #bj ,ord] ( ! ,day1 :5 p5d+ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #bg ,p>liam5t>y ,inquiry -- -- #ca ,po/pone ,def9itely1 or to a ,c]ta9 ,"t -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #cd ,po/pone ,indef9itely -- -- #ac -- -- -- #bi ,previ\s ,"q #ad -- #ae -- -- #ai ,privilege1 to ,raise ,que/ions ( -- -- #ai ,privilege1 ,que/ions (1 :5 p5d+ -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #bg ,read+ ,pap] -- -- -- -- -- #ah ,recess1 to ,take a 7:5 privileg$7 #a #aa -- -- -- -- -- -- #cf ,reconsid] #af #d #ag -- -- -- #cg ,resc9d or ,repeal -- -- -- #b #ah -- -- #cc ,sub/itute 7same z ,am5d7 -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #bb ,susp5d ! ,rules -- -- -- #ce ,take f ! ,table -- -- -- -- #bb ,take up a ,"q out ( its ,prop] ,ord] -- -- -- #be ,vot+1 ,motions relat+ to -- -- -- -- -- -- -- #bg ,)draw a ,motion1 ,leave to -- #b -- -- ---------------------------------------- --------------- ,,notes ,,to ,,table #a ,see la/ footnote on page #e4 #b ,an affirmative vote on ?is motion _c be reconsid]$4 #c ,an ,am5dm5t may be made 7a7 by ins]t+ 7or add+7 words or p>agraphs2 7b7 by /rik+ out words or p>agraphs2 7c7 by /rik+ out c]ta9 words & ins]t+ o!rs2 or 7d7 by sub/itut+ "o or m p>agraphs = o!rs1 or an entire resolution = ano!r1 on ! same subject4 #d ,undebatable :5 ! motion to be am5d$ or reconsid]$ is undebatable4 #e ,con/itutions1 ,by-,laws1 & ,rules ( ,ord] be=e adoption are 9 e respect ma9 motions & may be am5d$ by majority vote4 ,aft] adoption !y require previ\s notice & vote = am5dm5t4 #f ,/&+ ,rules may be am5d$ at any "t by a majority vote if previ\s notice has be5 giv51 or by a vote )\t notice4 #g ,an ,appeal is undebatable only :5 made :ile an undebatable "q is p5d+1 or :5 relat+ to indecorum1 or to transgressions ( ! rules ( speak+1 or to ! priority ( bus9ess4 ,:5 debatable1 only "o spee* f ea* memb] is p]mitt$4 ,on a tie vote ! decision ( ! *air is su/a9$4 #h ,_c be reconsid]$ aft] ! committee has tak5 up ! subject1 b by vote ! committee at any "t may be dis*>g$ f fur!r consid]ation ( ! "q4 #i ,^! motions may be mov$ :5ev] ! imm$iately p5d+ "q is debatable1 & !y apply only to x1 unless o!rwise specifi$4 #aj ,if resolutions or propositions relate to diff]5t subjects :i* are indep5d5t ( ea* o!r1 !y mu/ be divid$ on ! reque/ ( a s+le memb]1 :i* c be made :5 ano!r has ! floor4 ,if !y relate to ! same subject & yet ea* "p c /& alone1 !y may be divid$ only on a regul> motion & vote4 #aa ,undebatable if made :5 ano!r "q is be=e ! assembly4 #ab ,! objection c be made only :5 ! "q is fir/ introduc$1 be=e debate4 ,a vote mu/ be oppos$ to ! consid]ation 9 ord] to su/a9 ! objection4 #ac ,a negative vote on ?is motion _c be reconsid]$4 #ad ,! ,previ\s ,"q may be mov$ :5ev] ! imm$iately p5d+ "q is debatable or am5dable4 ,! que/ions ^u :i* x is mov$ %\ld be specifi$2 if n specifi$1 x applies only to ! imm$iately p5d+ "q4 ,if adopt$ x cuts (f debate & at once br+s ! assembly to a vote on ! imm$iately p5d+ "q & su* o!rs z are specifi$ 9 ! motion4 #ae ,_c be reconsid]$ aft] a vote has be5 tak5 "u x4 #af ,! motion to reconsid] c be made :ile any o!r "q is be=e ! assembly1 & ev5 :ile ano!r has ! floor1 or aft] x has be5 vot$ to adj\rn1 provid$ ! assembly has n be5 decl>$ adj\rn$4 ,x c be mov$ only on ! day1 or ! day aft]1 ! vote :i* x is propos$ to reconsid] 0 tak51 & by "o :o vot$ ) ! prevail+ side4 ,its consid]ation _c int]rupt bus9ess unless ! motion to be reconsid]$ takes prec$5ce ( ! imm$iately p5d+ "q4 ,its rank is ! same z t ( ! motion to be reconsid]$1 except t x takes prec$5ce ( a g5]al ord]1 or ( a motion ( equal rank ) ! motion to be reconsid]$1 provid$ _! consid]ation has n actually begun4 #ag ,op5s to debate ma9 "q :5 latt] is debatable4 #ah ,resc9d is "u ! same rules z to am5d some?+ already adopt$4 ,see notes #b1 #e1 & #f1 above4 ,,additional ,,rules ,incid5tal ,motions4 ,motions t are incid5tal to p5d+ motions take prec$5ce ( !m & mu/ be act$ ^u fir/4 ,see #ac = li/ ( ^! motions4 ,no privileg$ or subsidi>y motion c be laid on ! table1 po/pon$ def9itely or indef9itely1 or committ$4 ,:5 ! ma9 "q is laid on ! table1 etc41 all adh]+ subsidi>ies g ) x4 ,,explanation ,,( ,,! ,,table ,,( ,,rules ,,relat+ ,,to ,,motions4 ,e "o expect+ to take an active "p 9 meet+s ( a delib]ative assembly %\ld become suffici5tly famili> ) ! ,ord] ( ,prec$5ce ( ,motions1 page #e1 & ! ,table ( ,rules1 pages #f-aj1 to be able to ref] to !m quickly4 ,?is famili>ity c only be acquir$ by actual practice 9 ref]r+ to ^! tables & f9d+ ! rul+s on ! v>i\s po9ts cov]$ by !m 9 reg>d to v>i\s motions4 ,^! six pages conta9 an epitome ( p>liam5t>y law4 ,! ,ord] ( ,prec$5ce ( ,motions %\ld be committ$ to memory1 z x conta9s all ( ! privileg$ & subsidi>y motions1 #ab 9 numb]1 arrang$ 9 _! ord] ( rank1 & %[s 9 reg>d to ea* motion :e!r x c be debat$ or am5d$1 & :at vote x requires1 & "u :at circum/ances x c be made4 ,9 ! ,table ( ,rules ! head+s to ! #h columns are rules or pr9ciples :i* are applicable to all orig9al ma9 motions1 & %\ld be memoriz$4 ,!y are z foll[s3 7#a7 ,orig9al ,ma9 ,motions are debatable2 7#b7 debate mu/ be conf9$ to ! imm$iately p5d+ "q2 7#c7 !y c be am5d$2 7#d7 all subsidi>y motions c be appli$ to !m2 7#e7 !y c be reconsid]$2 7#f7 !y require only a majority vote = _! adoption2 7#g7 !y mu/ be second$2 & 7#h7 !y are n 9 ord] :5 ano!r has ! floor4 ,:5ev] any ( ! #dd motions 9 ! ,table diff]s f a ma9 motion 9 reg>d to any ( ^! rules1 ! exception is indicat$ by a /> 77 or a figure 9 ! prop] column opposite t motion4 ,a /> %[s t ! exact opposite ( ! rule at ! head ( ! column applies to ! motion4 ,a figure ref]s to a note :i* expla9s ! ext5t ( ! exception4 ,a blank %[s t ! rule at ! head ( ! column applies1 & !re=e t ! motion is 9 ?is respect exactly l a ma9 motion4 ,"s ( ! motions are foll[$ by figures n 9 ! columns3 ^! figures ref] to notes giv+ useful in=mation 9 reg>d to ^! motions4 ,! ,table ( ,rules is con/ruct$ ^u ! !ory t x is be/ to le>n ! g5]al pr9ciples ( p>liam5t>y law z appli$ to orig9al ma9 motions1 & !n to note 9 :at respects ea* o!r motion is an exception to ^! g5]al rules4 ,?us1 ! motion to po/pone def9itely1 or to a c]ta9 "t1 has no />s or figures opposite x1 & !re=e x is subject to all ( ! above #h rules ! same z any ma9 motion3 to po/pone indef9itely has two />s & ! numb] #ac opposite to x1 %[+ t ! rules at ! head ( ^! ?ree columns d n apply to ?is motion4 ,! fir/ /> %[s t debate is n conf9$ to ! motion to po/pone indef9itely1 b t ! ma9 motion is also op5 to debate2 ! second /> %[s t ! motion to po/pone indef9itely _c be am5d$2 & ! numb] #ac ref]s to a note :i* %[s t a negative vote on ?is motion _c be reconsid]$4 ,z has previ\sly be5 /at$1 a /> %[s t ! motion1 in/ead ( be+ subject to ! rule at ! head ( ! column1 is subject to a rule exactly ! rev]se4 ,/>s 9 ! v>i\s columns1 !re=e1 mean t ! motions are subject to ! foll[+ rules3 7#a7 undebatable2 7#b7 op5s ma9 "q to debate2 7#c7 _c be am5d$2 7#d7 no subsidi>y motion c be appli$2 7#e7 _c be reconsid]$2 7#f7 requires a two-?irds vote2 7#g7 does n require to be second$2 & 7#h7 9 ord] :5 ano!r has ! floor4 ,,preface4 ,a "w on p>liam5t>y law is ne$$1 bas$1 9 its g5]al pr9ciples1 ^u ! rules & practice ( ,congress1 b adapt$1 9 its details1 to ! use ( ord9>y societies4 ,su* a "w %\ld give n only ! me?ods ( organiz+ & conduct+ meet+s1 ! duties ( (fic]s1 & names ( ord9>y motions1 b also a sy/ematic /atem5t 9 ref]5ce to ea* motion1 z to its object & effect2 :e!r x c be am5d$ or debat$2 if debatable1 ! ext5t to :i* x op5s ! ma9 "q to debate2 ! circum/ances "u :i* x c be made1 & :at o!r motions c be made :ile x is p5d+4 ,rob]t's ,rules ( ,ord] 7publi%$ 9 #ahgf1 slight additions be+ made 9 #ahic7 0 prep>$ ) a hope ( supply+ ! above in=mation 9 a cond5s$ & sy/ematic =m1 ea* rule be+ complete 9 itself1 or giv+ ref]5ces to e section t 9 any way qualifies x1 s t a /rang] to ! "w c ref] to any special subject ) safety4 ,! fact t dur+ ^! ?irty-n9e ye>s a half million copies ( ^! ,rules h be5 publi%$ w\ld indicate t !re is a dem& = a "w ( ?is k9d4 ,b ! con/ant inquiries f all sections ( ! c\ntry = in=mation conc]n+ proce$+s 9 delib]ative assemblies t is n conta9$ 9 ,rules ( ,ord]1 seems to dem& a revision & enl>gem5t ( ! manual4 ,to meet ?is want1 ! "w has be5 ?or\ghly revis$ & enl>g$1 &1 to avoid confusion ) ! old ,rules1 is publi%$ "u ! title ( 8,rob]t's ,rules ( ,ord] ,revis$40 ,! object ( ,rules ( ,ord] is to assi/ an assembly to accompli% 9 ! be/ possible mann] ! "w = :i* x 0 design$4 ,to d ?is x is necess>y to re/ra9 ! individual some:at1 z ! "r ( an individual1 9 any community1 to d :at he pleases1 is incompatible ) ! int]e/s ( ! :ole4 ,:]e !re is no law1 b e man does :at is "r 9 8 own eyes1 !re is ! lea/ ( real lib]ty4 ,exp]i5ce has %[n ! importance ( def9it5ess 9 ! law2 & 9 ?is c\ntry1 :]e cu/oms are s slightly e/abli%$ & ! publi%$ manuals ( p>liam5t>y practice s conflict+1 no society %\ld attempt to conduct bus9ess )\t hav+ adopt$ "s "w ^u ! subject z ! au?ority 9 all cases n cov]$ by its own special rules4 ,:ile x is important t an assembly has good rules1 x is m important t x be n )\t "s rules to gov]n its proce$+s4 ,x is mu* m important1 = in/ance1 t an assembly has a rule det]m9+ ! rank ( ! motion to po/pone indef9itely1 ?an t x gives ?is motion ! highe/ rank ( all subsidi>y motions except to lay on ! table1 z 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,s5ate2 or gives x ! l[e/ rank1 z 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives2 or gives x equal rank ) ! previ\s "q1 to po/pone def9itely1 & to commit1 s t if "o is p5d+ none ( ! o!rs may be mov$1 z "u ! old p>liam5t>y law4 ,?is has be5 well express$ by "o ( ! greate/ ( ,engli% writ]s on p>liam5t>y law3 8,:e!r ^! =ms be 9 all cases ! mo/ rational or n is really n ( s great importance4 ,x is mu* m mat]ial t !re %\ld be a rule to g by ?an :at t rule is2 t !re may be a uni=mity ( proce$+ 9 bus9ess1 n subject to ! caprice ( ! *airman or capti\sness ( ! memb]s4 ,x is v mat]ial t ord]1 dec5cy1 & regul>ity be pres]v$ 9 a dignifi$ public body40 ,h4 ,m4 ,r4 ,febru>y1 #aiae4 ,,introduction4 ,,p>liam5t>y ,,law4 ,p>liam5t>y ,law ref]s orig9ally to ! cu/oms & rules = conduct+ bus9ess 9 ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t2 & !nce to ! usages ( delib]ative assemblies 9 g5]al4 ,9 ,engl& ^! usages ( ,p>liam5t =m a "p ( ! unwritt5 law ( ! l&1 & 9 our own legislative bodies !y are ( au?ority 9 all cases :]e !y d n conflict ) exi/+ rules or prec$5ts4 ,b z a p we h n ! respect :i* ! ,engli% h = cu/oms & prec$5ts1 & are always ready = su* innovations z we ?9k are improvem5ts2 h5ce *anges h be5 & are con/antly be+ made 9 ! writt5 rules :i* our legislative bodies h f\nd be/ to adopt4 ,z ea* h\se adopts its own rules1 ! result is t ! two h\ses ( ! same legislature d n always agree 9 _! practice2 ev5 9 ,congress ! ord] ( prec$5ce ( motions is n ! same 9 bo? h\ses1 & ! previ\s "q is admitt$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives b n 9 ! ,s5ate4 ,z a consequ5ce ( ?is1 ! exact me?od ( conduct+ bus9ess 9 any p>ticul> legislative body is to be obta9$ only f ! ,legislative ,manual ( t body4 ,! va/ numb] ( societies--political1 lit]>y1 sci5tific1 b5evol5t1 & religi\s--=m$ all ov] ! l&1 ?\gh n legislative1 are delib]ative 9 "*1 & mu/ h "s sy/em ( conduct+ bus9ess & "s rules to gov]n _! proce$+s1 & are necess>ily subject to ! common p>liam5t>y law :]e x does n conflict ) _! own special rules4 ,b z _! k ( p>liam5t>y law has be5 obta9$ f ! usages 9 ?is c\ntry1 r ?an f ! cu/oms ( ,p>liam5t1 x has result$ t ^! societies h foll[$ 9 "p ! cu/oms ( our own legislative bodies1 & our p h ?us be5 educat$ "u a sy/em ( p>liam5t>y law :i* is peculi> to ?is c\ntry1 & yet s well e/abli%$ z to sup]s$e ! ,engli% p>liam5t>y law z ! common law ( ord9>y delib]ative assemblies4 ,! practice ( ! ,national ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives %\ld h ! same =ce 9 ?is c\ntry z ! usages ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons h 9 ,engl&1 9 det]m9+ ! g5]al pr9ciples ( ! common p>liam5t>y law ( ! l&1 7 x n = ! fact t :ile ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t has cont9u$ to be a /rictly delib]ative assembly1 ! bus9ess ( our ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives has gr[n s enorm\sly t x has be5 oblig$ to make su* *anges 9 its rules & practice z w all[ ! majority to suppress ! debate1 if !re has be5 previ\s debate1 & if !re has be5 none1 to limit ! debate to =ty m9utes2 & also to suppress a "q = ! session ev5 )\t any debate4 ,^! deviations f ! old p>liam5t>y law1 :ile necess>y 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 are 9 violation ( ! fundam5tal "r ( a delib]ative assembly to h que/ions ?or\ghly discuss$ be=e x is call$ ^u to take action ^u !m1 unless a l>ge majority1 at lea/ two-?irds1 is prep>$ to act at once4 ,9 ord9>y delib]ative assemblies ! "r to debate que/ions be=e tak+ f9al action ^u !m %\ld nev] be suppress$ by less ?an a two-?irds vote1 & ! motion to lay on ! table %\ld be us$ only = its legitimate p>liam5t>y purpose ( lay+ aside a "q tempor>ily4 ,:]e ! practice ( ,congress diff]s f t ( ,p>liam5t1 ! common law ( ?is c\ntry usually foll[s ! practice ( ,congress4 ,?us1 9 e ,am]ican delib]ative assembly hav+ no rules = conduct+ bus9ess1 ! motion to adj\rn1 :5 x does n dissolve ! assembly1 w\ld be decid$ to be undebatable1 z 9 ,congress1 ! ,engli% p>liam5t>y law to ! contr>y not)/&+2 s if ! previ\s "q 7 negativ$1 ! debate ^u ! subject w\ld cont9ue1 z 9 ,congress1 :]eas 9 ,p>liam5t ! subject w\ld be imm$iately dismiss$2 s1 too1 ! previ\s "q c\ld be mov$ :5 !re 0 be=e ! assembly a motion ei!r to commit1 or to po/pone def9itely or indef9itely1 j z 9 ,congress1 not)/&+ t1 accord+ to ,engli% p>liam5t>y law1 ! previ\s "q c\ld n be mov$ "u su* circum/ances4 ,! old common p>liam5t>y law gives ! same rank to ! motions = ! previ\s "q1 to po/pone def9itely1 to commit1 & to po/pone indef9itely1 s t no "o ( !m c be mov$ :ile ano!r "o ( !m is p5d+2 ! ,h\se makes !m rank 9 ! ord] j nam$2 :ile ! ,s5ate does n admit ! motion = ! previ\s "q1 & makes to po/pone indef9itely outrank all ! o!rs4 ,! practice ( ! ,h\se 9 ?is matt] e/abli%es ! p>liam5t>y law ( ?is c\ntry1 z x does 9 all cases :]e its practice is n due to ! great quantity ( its bus9ess or ! necessities ( p>ty gov]nm5t4 ,?is may be illu/rat$ by ! motions to lay on ! table & ! previ\s "q4 ,! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives has completely *ang$ ! use ( ! motion to lay on ! table f t ( m]ely lay+ aside a "q until ! assembly *ooses to resume its consid]ation see foot note1 #bh1 to a motion to kill ! p5d+ proposition4 ,to make x m effective = ?is purpose1 !y h all[$ x to be made be=e ! memb] report+ a bill f ! committee is all[$ to speak1 & :5 a "q is laid ^u ! table x _c be tak5 up except by susp5d+ ! rules1 :i* requires a two-?irds vote4 ,= reasons previ\sly giv51 su* rules are necess>y 9 ,congress1 b 9 ord9>y assemblies !y w\ld d m h>m ?an good4 ,! same vote %\ld be requir$ 7two-?irds vote7 to /op debate & br+ ! assembly to a vote on ! f9al disposition ( ! "q1 :e!r ! int5tion is to adopt or to reject ! proposition4 ,! previ\s "q & ! motion to lay on ! table require ! same vote 9 ,congress1 & %\ld 9 all assemblies :]e to lay on ! table is us$ = kill+ propositions4 ,! modifications made by ! ,h\se 9 reg>d to ! previ\s "q h made t motion extremely simple & useful1 & its practice e/abli%es ! p>liam5t>y law ( ! c\ntry z to ! previ\s "q1 except 9 respect to its be+ ord]$ by a majority vote & =ty m9utes' debate be+ all[$ aft] x has be5 ord]$1 if ! proposition has n be5 previ\sly debat$4 ,x is necess>y 9 ,congress = ! majority to h ! p[] to close debate1 b1 su* a p[] be+ 9 conflict ) ! fundam5tal rights ( a delib]ative assembly1 ,congress has modifi$ x s z n to cut (f debate entirely4 ,9 an ord9>y assembly1 ) sessions n exce$+ two or ?ree h\rs1 x %\ld1 & x does1 h ! p[] by a two-?irds vote to close debate in/antly1 j z by ! same vote x may susp5d ! rules4 ,9 matt]s ( detail1 ! rules ( ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives are adapt$ to ! peculi> wants ( t body1 & are ( no au?ority 9 any o!r assembly4 ,no "o1 = in/ance1 w\ld accept ! foll[+ ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives rules z common p>liam5t>y law 9 ?is c\ntry3 ,t ! *airman1 9 case ( disord]ly conduct1 w\ld h ! p[] to ord] ! gall]ies to be cle>$2 t any fifte5 memb]s w\ld be au?oriz$ to compel ! att5dance ( abs5t memb]s2 t ea* memb] w\ld be limit$ 9 debate ^u any "q to "o h\r2 & t ! motion to susp5d ! rules c only be ent]ta9$ on ! fir/ & ?ird ,mondays ( ea* mon?4 ,^! examples are suffici5t to %[ ! absurdity ( ! idea t ! rules ( ,congress 9 all ?+s det]m9e ! common p>liam5t>y law4 ,:ile "s ( ! rules ( ,congress are adapt$ only to legislative assemblies1 & o!rs only to ! ,h\se t adopts !m1 yet its rules & practice1 except :]e manife/ly unsuit$ to ord9>y delib]ative assemblies1 %\ld1 & d det]m9e ! p>liam5t>y law ( ! c\ntry4 ,! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates w nev] accept ! rules & practice ( ! legislature1 or ( delib]ative assemblies1 ( any /ate1 or ev5 ( any section ( ! c\ntry1 z ( equal au?ority ) ! practice ( ! ,national ,congress 9 det]m9+ ! p>liam5t>y law = ! :ole c\ntry4 ,s9ce1 h[ev]1 ! sessions ( ,congress la/ f ?ree to six mon?s1 & at times to ne>ly a ye>1 :]eas ! great majority ( ord9>y delib]ative assemblies h sessions la/+ n m ?an two or ?ree h\rs2 & s9ce ! quorum 9 ,congress is a majority ( ! memb]s1 :ile 9 mo/ societies x is less ?an "o-fif?1 & (t5 less ?an "o-t5?1 ( ! memb]s2 & s9ce ! memb]s ( ,congress are paid to devote all _! "t dur+ a session to ! bus9ess ( ,congress1 & c be compell$ to att5d1 :]eas 9 ord9>y assemblies ! memb]s h o!r duties & _! att5dance is simply volunt>y2 & z ! "w ( ,congress is enorm\s & is mo/ly done by /&+ committees1 ( :i* !re are fifty-six1 or 9 committee ( ! :ole1 :ile 9 ord9>y assemblies ! assembly itself att5ds to mo/ ( its bus9ess1 & ! re/ is done usually by special committees r ?an by /&+ committees or 9 committee ( ! :ole--z ^! diff]5ces exi/1 x is evid5t t ! rules & practice ( ,congress require to be modifi$ 9 "s respects to adapt !m to ord9>y delib]ative assemblies4 ,sometimes ! old common p>liam5t>y law is bett] adapt$ to ord9>y societies1 z ) ! motion to lay on ! table4 ,:]e ! two h\ses diff]1 sometimes ! ,s5ate practice is bett] adapt$ to ord9>y assemblies1 z 9 all[+ ea* memb] to speak twice to ! same "q ea* day2 :ile 9 all[+ ! previ\s "q & 9 mak+ ! motion to po/pone indef9itely ! l[e/ ( subsidi>y motions1 ! practice ( ! ,h\se seems bett] adapt$ to ord9>y assemblies4 ,! ,h\se all[s a majority to ord] ! previ\s "q1 b if !re has be5 no debate on ! "q1 =ty m9utes' debate is p]mitt$ aft] ! previ\s "q has be5 ord]$4 ,?is rule is n adapt$ to assemblies ^: entire session may n la/ two h\rs4 ,!y %\ld h p[] to close debate in/antly by a two-?irds vote4 ,?is is 9 accordance ) ! g5]al pr9ciple t ! assembly by a two-?irds vote may susp5d ! rules1 ev5 ! rule p]mitt+ debate4 ,z !re w\ld naturally be diff]5ces ( op9ion z to ! application ( ! above pr9ciples1 & x is important t ! law %\ld be def9ite1 e delib]ative assembly %\ld imitate our legislative bodies & adopt "s ,rules ( ,ord] = ! conduct ( its bus9ess4#c #c ,any society adopt+ ^! ,rules ( ,ord] %\ld be gov]n$ by !m 9 all cases to :i* !y are applicable1 & 9 :i* !y are n inconsi/5t ) ! by-laws & rules ( ord] ( ! society4 ,see p4 #bfh = ! =m ( a rule cov]+ ?is case4 ,its own rules %\ld include all ( ! cases :]e x is desirable to v>y f ! rules 9 ! ,manual1 & especially %\ld provide = a ,quorum #fd & an ,ord] ( ,bus9ess #fe1 z sugge/$ 9 ?is ,manual4 ,,plan ,,( ,,! ,,"w4 ,^! ,rules are prep>$ to meet p>tially ?is want 9 delib]ative assemblies t are n legislative 9 _! "*4 ,!y h be5 made suffici5tly complete to answ] = ! rules ( an assembly until x sees fit to adopt special rules conflict+ ) & sup]s$+ any ( ! rules ( detail1 su* z ! ,ord] ( ,bus9ess1 etc4 ,!y are bas$ ^u ! rules & practice ( ,congress s f> z ^! are adapt$ to ord9>y delib]ative assemblies ) %ort sessions & comp>atively small quorums1 z has j be5 expla9$4 ,9 cases :]e ^! ,rules diff] f ! practice ( ,congress1 usually ! congressional rule w be f\nd 9 a foot note4 ,! foot notes ne$ n be ref]r$ to = any o!r purpose ?an to asc]ta9 ! practice ( ,congress4 ,?is ,manual conta9s a ,table ( ,cont5ts1 ,table ( ,rules1 ,"p ,i1 ,"p ,,ii1 ,lesson ,outl9es1 & ! ,index4 ,table ( ,cont5ts4 ,?is gives a cle>1 sy/ematic idea ( ! arrangem5t ( subjects treat$ 9 ! ,manual4 ,ord] ( ,prec$5ce ( ,motions & ,table ( ,rules4 ,a c>eful /udy ( ^! tables s z to be able to use !m quickly w enable any "o 9 an em]g5cy to asc]ta9 :e!r a motion is 9 ord]1 & :e!r x may be debat$1 or am5d$1 or reconsid]$1 or requires a second1 or a two-?irds vote1 or is 9 ord] :5 ano!r memb] has ! floor4 ,"p ,i1 compris+ ! ma9 "p ( ! ,manual1 conta9s a set ( ,rules ( ,ord] sy/ematically arrang$1 z %[n 9 ! ,table ( ,cont5ts4 ,x beg9s ) %[+ h[ bus9ess is introduc$ 9 a delib]ative assembly1 & !n foll[s x /ep by /ep until ! vote is tak5 & ann\nc$4 ,! next section1 #aj1 %[s :at is ! prop] motion to use to accompli% c]ta9 objects1 ref]r+ at ! same "t to ! section :]e ! motion w be f\nd fully treat$4 ,next1 ! motions are classifi$ z usual into ,privileg$1 ,incid5tal1 ,subsidi>y1 & ,ma91 & ! g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ea* class giv54 ,!n ea* class is tak5 up 9 ord]1 beg9n+ ) ! highe/ privileg$ motion1 & a section is devot$ to ea* motion1 includ+ "s motions t are n classifi$4 ,ea* ( ^! tw5ty-six sections is complete 9 itself1 s t "o unfamili> ) ! "w ne$ n be misl$ 9 exam9+ any p>ticul> subject4 ,cross-ref]5ces1 9 heavy-face type1 are us$ :]ev] x 0 ?\ght !y w\ld be helpful1 ! ref]5ces be+ to sections1 ! numb] ( ! section be+ plac$ at ! top ( ea* page4 ,! foll[+ is /at$ 9 ref]5ce to ea* motion1 except "s ( ! incid5tal ones1 ! fir/ six po9ts be+ m5tion$ at ! beg9n+ ( ea* section3 7#a7 ,( :at motions x takes prec$5ce 7t is1 :at motions may be p5d+ & yet x be 9 ord] to make & consid] ?is motion74 7#b7 ,to :at motions x yields 7t is1 :at motions may be made & consid]$ :ile ?is motion is p5d+74 7#c7 ,:e!r x is debatable or n 7all motions be+ debatable unless ! contr>y is /at$74 7#d7 ,:e!r x c be am5d$ or n4 7#e7 ,9 case ! motion c h no subsidi>y motion appli$ to x1 ! fact is /at$ see ,adj\rn1 #ag1 = an example3 ! mean+ is1 t ! p>ticul> motion1 to adj\rn1 _c be laid on ! table1 po/pon$1 committ$1 or am5d$1 c44 7#f7 ,! vote requir$ = its adoption1 :5 x is n a majority4 7#g7 ,! =m ( mak+ ! motion :5 peculi>4 7#h7 ,! =m ( /at+ & putt+ ! "q :5 peculi>4 7#i7 ,! object ( ! motion :5 n app>5t4 7#aj7 ,! effect ( ! motion if adopt$1 :5ev] x c\ld possibly be misund]/ood4 ,"p ,,ii conta9s an explanation ( ! me?ods ( organiz+ & conduct+ diff]5t k9ds ( meet+s1 giv+ ! words us$ by ! *airman & speak]s 9 mak+ & putt+ v>i\s motions2 & also a few pages devot$ to ! legal rights ( delib]ative assemblies & ecclesia/ical tribunals1 & to ! trial ( memb]s ( su* societies4 ,! beg9n]1 especially1 w f9d x useful to read sections #fi-ga 9 connection ) sections #a-aj1 ?us obta9+ correct ideas z to ! me?ods ( conduct+ bus9ess 9 delib]ative assemblies4 ,! ,plan = ! ,/udy ( ,p>liam5t>y ,law1 pages #cje-cab1 gives "s helpful sugge/ions to clubs & individuals wi%+ to /udy p>liam5t>y law1 toge!r ) a s]ies ( eighte5 ,lesson ,outl9es4 ,! ,index ref]s to pages1 n sections1 & at ! beg9n+ are giv5 "s sugge/ions z to ! be/ me?od ( f9d+ any?+ 9 ^! ,rules4 ,,def9itions4 ,9 addition to ! t]ms def9$ above 7tak+ prec$5ce (1 yield+ to1 & apply+ to see p4 #ba71 !re are o!r t]ms t are liable to be misund]/ood1 to :i* att5tion is call$4 ,accept+ a report is ! same z adopt+ x1 & %\ld n be confus$ ) receiv+ a report1 :i* is all[+ x to be pres5t$ to ! assembly4 ,assembly4 ,?is t]m is us$ = ! delib]ative assembly1 & %\ld be replac$ 9 motions1 etc41 by ! prop] "n ( ! body1 z society1 club1 *ur*1 bo>d1 conv5tion1 etc4 ,! ,*air means ! presid+ (fic]1 :e!r tempor>y or p]man5t4 ,! t]ms ,congress & ,h4 ,r41 :5 us$ 9 ?is ,manual1 ref] to ! ,u4 ,s4 ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives4 ,meet+ & ,session4 ,meet+ is us$ 9 ?is ,manual = an assembl+ ( ! memb]s ( a delib]ative body = any l5g? ( "t dur+ :i* !y d n sep>ate = long] ?an a few m9utes1 z ! morn+ meet+1 or ! ev5+ meet+1 ( a conv5tion4 ,9 a society ) rules provid+ = regul> meet+s e week1 or mon?1 etc41 ea* ( ^! regul> meet+s is a sep>ate session4 ,a call$ or special meet+ is a di/9ct session4 ,%\ld a regul> or special meet+ adj\rn to meet at ano!r "t1 ! adj\rn$ meet+ is a cont9uation ( ! session1 n a sep>ate "o2 ! two meet+s con/itute "o session4 ,9 ! case ( a conv5tion hold+ a meet+ e ye> or two1 or r a s]ies ( meet+s la/+ sev]al days1 ! entire s]ies ( meet+s con/itute "o session4 ,see #fc4 ,p5d+ & ,imm$iately ,p5d+4 ,a "q is said to be p5d+ :5 x has be5 /at$ by ! *air & has n yet be5 dispos$ ( ei!r p]man5tly or tempor>ily4 ,:5 sev]al que/ions are p5d+1 ! "o la/ /at$ by ! *air1 & !re=e ! "o to be fir/ dispos$ (1 is said to be ! imm$iately p5d+ "q4 ,a ,ma9 motion is "o t is made to br+ be=e ! assembly any p>ticul> subject4 ,no ma9 motion c be made :5 ano!r motion is p5d+4 ,a ,subsidi>y motion is "o t may be appli$ to a ma9 motion1 & to c]ta9 o!r motions1 = ! purpose ( modify+ !m1 delay+ action ^u !m or o!rwise dispos+ ( !m4 ,privileg$ motions are su* t1 :ile hav+ no relation to ! p5d+ "q1 are ( su* urg5cy or importance z to require !m to take prec$5ce ( all o!r motions4 ,an ,incid5tal motion is "o t arises out ( ano!r "q :i* is p5d+ or has j be5 p5d+1 & mu/ be decid$ be=e ! p5d+ "q1 or be=e o!r bus9ess is tak5 up4 ,incid5tal motions h no fix$ rank b take prec$5ce ( ! que/ions out ( :i* !y arise1 :e!r ^? que/ions are ma9 or subsidi>y or privileg$4 ,! ,previ\s ,"q does n ref]1 z its "n w\ld imply1 to ! previ\s "q1 b is ! "n giv5 to ! motion to close debate & at once to take ! vote on ! imm$iately p5d+ "q & su* o!r que/ions z are specifi$ 9 ! motion4 ,a ,sub/itute is an am5dm5t :]e an entire resolution1 or section1 or "o or m p>agraphs1 is /ruck out & ano!r resolution1 or section1 or "o or m p>agraphs1 is ins]t$ 9 its place4 ,plurality1 ,majority1 & ,two-?irds ,vote4 ,9 an election a c&idate has a plurality :5 he has a l>g] vote ?an any o!r c&idate2 he has a majority :5 he has m ?an half ! legal votes ca/1 ignor+ blanks4 ,9 an assembly a plurality nev] elects except by virtue ( a rule to t effect4 ,a majority vote :5 us$ 9 ^! rules means a majority ( ! legal votes ca/1 ignor+ blanks1 at a legal meet+1 a quorum be+ pres5t4 ,a two-?irds vote is two-?irds ( ! votes j describ$4 ,= an illu/ration ( ! diff]5ce betwe5 a two-?irds vote1 a vote ( two-?irds ( ! memb]s pres5t1 & a vote ( two-?irds ( ! memb]s1 see page #bjd4 ,,to ,,! ,,read]4 ,! read] is advis$ to read ?is ,manual 9 ! ord] sugge/$ 9 ! ,plan = ! /udy ( ,p>liam5t>y ,law1 page #cje4 ,,"p ,i4 ,,rules ,,( ,,ord]4 ,art4 ,i4 ,h[ ,bus9ess ,is ,conduct$ 9 ,delib]ative ,assemblies4 ,,page #a4 ,introduction ( ,bus9ess #be #b4 ,:at ,prec$es ,debate #bf #c4 ,obta9+ ! ,floor #bg #d4 ,motions & ,resolutions #cc #e4 ,second+ ,motions #cf #f4 ,/at+ ! ,"q #ch #g4 ,debate #ch #h4 ,second>y ,motions #dj #i4 ,putt+ ! ,"q & ,ann\nc+ ! ,vote #dj #aj4 ,prop] ,motions to ,use to ,accompli% ,c]ta9 ,objects #dc #a4 ,introduction ( ,bus9ess4 ,an assembly hav+ be5 organiz$ z describ$ 9 #fi1 #gj1 #ga1 bus9ess is br\ght be=e x ei!r by ! motion ( a memb]1 or by ! pres5tation ( a communication to ! assembly4 ,x is n usual to make motions to receive reports ( committees or communications to ! assembly4 ,!re are _m o!r cases 9 ! ord9>y r\t9e ( bus9ess :]e ! =mality ( a motion is disp5s$ )1 b %\ld any memb] object1 a regul> motion becomes necess>y1 or ! *air may put ! "q )\t wait+ = a motion4 #b4 ,:at ,prec$es ,debate4 ,be=e any subject is op5 to debate x is necess>y1 fir/1 t a motion be made by a memb] :o has obta9$ ! floor2 second1 t x be second$ 7) c]ta9 exceptions72 & ?ird1 t x be /at$ by ! *air1 t is1 by ! presid+ (fic]4 ,! fact t a motion has be5 made & second$ does n put x be=e ! assembly1 z ! *air alone c d t4 ,he mu/ ei!r rule x out ( ord]1 or /ate ! "q on x s t ! assembly may "k :at is be=e x = consid]ation & action1 t is1 :at is ! imm$iately p5d+ "q4 ,if sev]al que/ions are p5d+1 z a resolution & an am5dm5t & a motion to po/pone1 ! la/ "o /at$ by ! *air is ! imm$iately p5d+ "q4 ,:ile no debate or o!r motion is 9 ord] aft] a motion is made1 until x is /at$ or rul$ out ( ord] by ! *air1 yet memb]s may sugge/ modifications ( ! motion1 & ! mov]1 )\t ! cons5t ( ! second]1 has ! "r to make su* modifications z he pleases1 or ev5 to )draw 8 motion entirely be=e ! *air /ates ! "q4 ,aft] x is /at$ by ! *air he c d nei!r )\t ! cons5t ( ! assembly z %[n 9 #bg 7c74 ,a little in=mal consultation be=e ! "q is /at$ (t5 saves mu* "t1 b ! *air mu/ see t ?is privilege is n abus$ & all[$ to run into debate4 ,:5 ! mov] modifies 8 motion ! "o :o second$ x has a "r to )draw 8 second4 #c4 ,obta9+ ! ,floor4 ,be=e a memb] c make a motion1 or address ! assembly 9 debate1 x is necess>y t he %\ld obta9 ! floor--t is1 he mu/ rise aft] ! floor has be5 yield$1 & address ! presid+ (fic] by 8 (ficial title1 ?us1 8,mr4 ,*airman10 or 8,mr4 ,presid5t10 or 8,mr4 ,mod]ator20#d or1 if a woman 7m>ri$ or s+le71 8,madam ,*airman10 or 8,madam ,presid5t40 ,if ! assembly is l>ge s t ! memb]'s "n may be unkn[n to ! *airman1 ! memb] %\ld give 8 "n z soon z he cat*es ! eye ( ! *airman aft] address+ him4 ,if ! memb] is entitl$ to ! floor1 z %[n h]eaft]1 ! *airman 8recognizes0 him1 or assigns him ! floor1 by ann\nc+ 8 "n4 ,if ! assembly is small & ! memb]s are kn[n to ea* o!r1 x is n necess>y = ! memb] to give 8 "n aft] address+ ! *air1 z ! presid+ (fic] is t]m$1 nor is x necess>y = ! *air to d m ?an b[ 9 recognition ( 8 hav+ ! floor4 ,if a memb] rises be=e ! floor has be5 yield$1 or is /&+ at ! "t1 he _c obta9 ! floor provid$ any "o else rises aft]w>ds & addresses ! *air4 ,x is out ( ord] to be /&+ :5 ano!r has ! floor1 & ! "o guilty ( ?is violation ( ! rules _c claim he rose fir/1 z he did n rise aft] ! floor _h be5 yield$4 #d 8,bro!r ,mod]ator10 or 8,bro!r ,*airman10 implies t ! speak] is also a mod]ator or *airman1 & %\ld n be us$4 ,:]e two or m rise ab\t ! same "t to claim ! floor1 all o!r ?+s be+ equal1 ! memb] :o rose fir/ aft] ! floor _h be5 yield$1 & address$ ! *air is entitl$ to ! floor4 ,x frequ5tly occurs1 h[ev]1 t :]e m ?an "o p]son claims ! floor ab\t ! same "t1 ! int]e/s ( ! assembly require ! floor to be assign$ to a claimant t 0 n ! fir/ to rise & address ! *air4 ,!re are ?ree classes ( su* cases t may arise3 7#a7 ,:5 a debatable "q is imm$iately p5d+2 7#b7 :5 an undebatable "q is imm$iately p5d+2 7#c7 :5 no "q is p5d+4 ,9 su* cases ! *air 9 assign+ ! floor %\ld be guid$ by ! foll[+ pr9ciples3 7#a7 ,:5 a ,debatable ,"q is ,imm$iately ,p5d+4 7a7 ,! memb] ^u ^: motion ! imm$iately p5d+ debatable "q 0 br\ght be=e ! assembly is entitl$ to be recogniz$ z hav+ ! floor 7if he has n already spok5 on ! "q7 ev5 ?\gh ano!r has ris5 fir/ & address$ ! *air4 ,! memb] ?us entitl$ to pref]5ce 9 recognition 9 case ( a committee's report is ! report+ memb] 7! "o :o pres5ts or submits ! report72 9 case ( a "q tak5 f ! table1 x is ! "o :o mov$ to take ! "q f ! table2 9 case ( ! motion to reconsid]1 x is ! "o :o mov$ to reconsid]1 & :o is n necess>ily ! "o :o calls up ! motion4 7b7 ,no memb] :o has already _h ! floor 9 debate on ! imm$iately p5d+ "q is aga9 entitl$ to x = debate on ! same "q1 provid$ ! floor is claim$ by "o :o has n spok5 on t "q4 7c7 ,z ! int]e/s ( ! assembly are be/ subs]v$ by all[+ ! floor to alt]nate betwe5 ! fri5ds & enemies ( a measure1 ! *airman1 :5 he kn[s :i* side ( a "q is tak5 by ea* claimant ( ! floor1 & ^! claims are n det]m9$ by ! above pr9ciples1 %\ld give ! pref]5ce to ! "o oppos$ to ! la/ speak]4 7#b7 ,:5 an ,undebatable ,"q ,is ,imm$iately ,p5d+4 ,:5 ! imm$iately p5d+ "q is undebatable1 its mov] has no pref]5ce to ! floor1 :i* %\ld be assign$ 9 accordance ) ! pr9ciples laid d[n "u 7b7 9 p>agraph bel[4 7#c7 ,:5 ,no ,"q ,is ,p5d+4 7a7 ,:5 "o ( a s]ies ( motions has be5 dispos$ (1 & !re is no "q actually p5d+1 ! next ( ! s]ies has ! "r ( way1 & ! *air %\ld recognize ! memb] :o introduc$ ! s]ies to make ! next motion1 ev5 ?\gh ano!r has ris5 fir/ & address$ ! *air4 ,9 fact no o!r ma9 motion is 9 ord] until ! assembly has dispos$ ( ! s]ies4 ,?us1 ! motion to lay on ! table1 prop]ly us$1 is design$ to lay aside a "q tempor>ily1 9 ord] to att5d to "s m urg5t bus9ess1 &1 !re=e1 if a "q is laid on ! table1 ! "o :o mov$ to lay x on ! table1 if he imm$iately claims ! floor1 is entitl$ to x to introduce ! urg5t bus9ess ev5 ?\gh ano!r has ris5 fir/4 ,s1 :5 ! rules are susp5d$ to enable a motion to be made1 ! mov] ( ! motion to susp5d ! rules is entitl$ to ! floor to make ! motion = :i* ! rules 7 susp5d$1 ev5 ?\gh ano!r rose fir/4 ,:5 a memb] moves to reconsid] a vote = ! ann\nc$ purpose ( am5d+ ! motion1 if ! vote is reconsid]$ he mu/ be recogniz$ 9 pref]5ce to o!rs 9 ord] to move 8 am5dm5t4 7b7 ,if1 :5 no "q is p5d+ & no s]ies ( motions has be5 />t$ t has n be5 dispos$ (1 a memb] rises to move to reconsid] a vote1 or to call up ! motion to reconsid] t _h be5 previ\sly made1 or to take a "q f ! table :5 x is 9 ord]1 he is entitl$ to ! floor 9 pref]5ce to ano!r t may h ris5 slightly be=e him to introduce a ma9 motion1 provid$ t :5 "s "o rises be=e him he1 on ris+1 /ates ! purpose = :i* he rises4 ,if memb]s1 ris+ to make ! above m5tion$ motions1 come into competition !y h ! pref]5ce 9 ! ord] 9 :i* ^! motions h j be5 giv52 fir/1 to reconsid]1 & la/1 to take f ! table4 ,:5 a motion to appo9t a committee = a c]ta9 purpose1 or to ref] a subject to a committee1 has be5 adopt$ no new subject 7except a privileg$ "o7 c be introduc$ until ! assembly has decid$ all ( ! relat$ que/ions z to ! numb] ( ! committee1 & z to h[ x %all be appo9t$1 & z to any in/ructions to be giv5 x4 ,9 ?is case ! "o :o made ! motion to appo9t ! committee or ref] ! subject to a committee has no pref]5ce 9 recognition4 ,if he _h wi%$ to make ! o!r motions he %\ld h includ$ !m all 9 8 fir/ motion4 ,f ! decision ( ! *air 9 assign+ ! floor any two memb]s may appeal1#e "o mak+ ! appeal & ! o!r second+ x4 ,:]e ! *air is 9 d\bt z to :o is entitl$ to ! floor1 he may all[ ! assembly to decide ! "q by a vote1 ! "o hav+ ! l>ge/ vote be+ entitl$ to ! floor4 #e ,9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives !re is no appeal f ! decision ( ! *air z to :o is entitl$ to ! floor1 nor %\ld !re be any appeal 9 l>ge mass meet+s1 z ! be/ int]e/s ( ! assembly require ! *air to be giv5 m p[] 9 su* l>ge bodies4 ,if a memb] has ris5 to claim ! floor1 or has be5 assign$ ! floor1 & calls = ! "q are made1 or x is mov$ to adj\rn1 or to lay ! "q on ! table1 x is ! duty ( ! *air to suppress ! disord] & protect ! memb] :o is entitl$ to ! floor4 ,except by g5]al cons5t1 a motion _c be made by "o :o has n be5 recogniz$ by ! *air z hav+ ! floor4 ,if x is made x %\ld n be recogniz$ by ! *air if any "o aft]w>ds rises & claims ! floor1 ?us %[+ t g5]al cons5t has n be5 giv54 ,9 ,ord] ,:5 ,ano!r ,has ! ,floor4 ,aft] a memb] has be5 assign$ ! floor he _c be int]rupt$ by a memb] or ! *airman1 except by 7a7 a motion to reconsid]2 7b7 a po9t ( ord]2 7c7 an objection to ! consid]ation ( ! "q2 7d7 a call = ! ord]s ( ! day :5 !y are n be+ con=m$ to2 7e7 a "q ( privilege2 7f7 a reque/ or dem& t ! "q be divid$ :5 x consi/s ( m ?an "o indep5d5t resolution on diff]5t subjects2 or 7g7 a p>liam5t>y inquiry or a reque/ = in=mation t requires imm$iate answ]2 & ^! _c int]rupt him aft] he has actually comm5c$ speak+ unless ! urg5cy is s great z to ju/ify x4 ,! speak] 7t is1 ! memb] entitl$ to ! floor7 does n lose 8 "r to ! floor by ^! int]ruptions1 & ! int]rupt+ memb] does n obta9 ! floor !reby1 & aft] !y h be5 att5d$ to1 ! *air assigns him ! floor aga94 ,s1 :5 a memb] submitt+ a report f a committee or (f]+ a resolution1 h&s x to ! secret>y to be read1 he does n !reby yield 8 "r to ! floor4 ,:5 ! read+ is f9i%$ & ! *air /ates ! "q1 nei!r ! secret>y nor any "o else c make a motion until ! memb] submitt+ ! report1 or (f]+ ! resolution1 has _h a reasonable opportunity to claim ! floor to :i* he is entitl$1 & has n avail$ himself ( 8 privilege4 ,if1 :5 he submitt$ ! report1 he made no motion to accept or adopt ! recomm5dations or resolutions1 he %\ld resume ! floor z soon z ! report is read1 & make ! prop] motion to c>ry out ! recomm5dations1 aft] :i* he is entitl$ to ! floor = debate z soon z ! "q is /at$4 #d4 ,motions & ,resolutions4 ,a motion is a proposal t ! assembly take c]ta9 action1 or t x express itself z hold+ c]ta9 views4 ,x is made by a memb]'s obta9+ ! floor z already describ$ & say+1 8,i move t0 7:i* is equival5t to say+1 8,i propose t071 & !n /at+ ! action he proposes to h tak54 ,?us a memb] 8moves0 7proposes7 t a resolution be adopt$1 or am5d$1 or ref]r$ to a committee1 or t a vote ( ?anks be ext5d$1 etc42 or 8,t x is ! s5se ( ?is meet+ 7or assembly7 t indu/rial tra9+10 etc4 ,e resolution %\ld be 9 writ+1 & ! presid+ (fic] has a "r to require any ma9 motion1 am5dm5t1 or in/ructions to a committee to be 9 writ+4 ,:5 a ma9 motion is ( su* importance or l5g? z to be 9 writ+ x is usually writt5 9 ! =m ( a resolution2 t is1 beg9n+ ) ! words1 8,resolv$1 ,t10 ! ^w 8,resolv$0 be+ und]scor$ 7pr9t$ 9 italics7 & foll[$ by a comma1 & ! ^w 8,t0 beg9n+ ) a capital 8,t40 ,if ! ^w 8,resolv$0 7 replac$ by ! words 8,i move10 ! resolution w\ld become a motion4 ,a resolution is always a ma9 motion4 ,9 "s sections ( ! c\ntry ! ^w 8resolve0 is frequ5tly us$ in/ead ( 8resolution40 ,9 assemblies ) paid employees1 in/ructions giv5 to employees are call$ 8ord]s0 in/ead ( 8resolutions10 & ! enact+ ^w1 8,ord]$0 is us$ in/ead ( 8,resolv$40 ,:5 a memb] wi%es a resolution adopt$1 aft] hav+ obta9$ ! floor1 he says1 8,i move ! adoption ( ! foll[+ resolution10 or 8,i (f] ! foll[+ resolution10 :i* he reads & h&s to ! *air4 ,if x is desir$ to give ! reasons = ! resolution1 !y are usually /at$ 9 a preamble1 ea* clause ( :i* con/itutes a p>agraph beg9n+ ) 8,:]eas40 ,! preamble is always am5d$ la/1 z *anges 9 ! resolution may require *anges 9 ! preamble4 ,9 mov+ ! adoption ( a resolution ! preamble is n usually ref]r$ to1 z x is includ$ 9 ! resolution4 ,b :5 ! previ\s "q is ord]$ on ! resolution be=e ! preamble has be5 consid]$ = am5dm5t1 x does n apply to ! preamble1 :i* is !n op5 to debate & am5dm5t4 ,! preamble %\ld nev] conta9 a p]iod1 b ea* p>agraph %\ld close ) a comma or semicolon1 foll[$ by 8&10 except ! la/ p>agraph1 :i* %\ld close ) ! ^w 8!re=e10 or 8!re=e1 be x40 ,a resolution %\ld avoid p]iods :]e practicable4 ,usually1 :]e p]iods are necess>y1 x is bett] to sep>ate x into a s]ies ( resolutions1 9 :i* case ! resolutions may be numb]$1 if pref]r$1 by prec$+ !m ) ! figures #a1 #b1 etc42 or x may reta9 ! =m ( a s+le resolution ) sev]al p>agraphs1 ea* beg9n+ ) 8,t10 & ^! may be numb]$1 if pref]r$1 by plac+ 8,fir/10 8,second10 etc41 j be=e ! ^w 8,t40 ,! foll[+ =m w s]ve z a guide :5 x is desir$ to give ! reasons = a resolution3 ,:]eas1 ,we consid] t suitable recreation is a necess>y "p ( a rational educational sy/em2 & ,:]eas1 ,!re is no public gr\nd 9 ?is village :]e our s*ool *ildr5 c play2 !re=e1 ,resolv$1 ,t x is ! s5se ( ?is meet+ t ample play gr\nds %\ld be imm$iately provid$ = our s*ool *ildr54 ,resolv$1 ,t a committee ( five be appo9t$ by ! *air to pres5t ^! resolutions to ! village au?orities & to urge ^u !m prompt action 9 ! matt]4 ,z a g5]al rule no memb] c make two motions at a "t except by g5]al cons5t4 ,b he may comb9e ! motion to susp5d ! rules ) ! motion = ^: adoption x 0 made2 & ! motion to reconsid] a resolution & its am5dm5ts2 & a memb] may (f] a resolution & at ! same "t move to make x a special ord] = a specifi$ "t4 #e4 ,second+ ,motions4 ,z a g5]al rule1 ) ! exceptions giv5 bel[1 e motion %\ld be second$4 ,?is is to prev5t "t be+ consum$ 9 consid]+ a "q t only "o p]son favors1 & consequ5tly little att5tion is paid to x 9 r\t9e motions4 ,:]e ! *air is c]ta9 ! motion meets ) g5]al favor1 & yet memb]s are sl[ ab\t second+ x1 he may proce$ )\t wait+ = a second4 ,yet1 any "o may make a po9t ( ord] t ! motion has n be5 second$1 & !n ! *air is oblig$ to proce$ =mally & call = a second4 ,! bett] way :5 a motion is n at once second$1 is = ! *air to ask1 8,is ! motion second$80 ,9 a v l>ge hall ! *air %\ld repeat ! motion be=e call+ = a second 9 ord] t all may he>4 ,aft] a motion has be5 made no o!r motion is 9 ord] until ! *air has /at$ ! "q on ?is motion1 or has decl>$1 aft] a reasonable opportunity has be5 giv5 = a second1 t ! motion has n be5 second$1 or has rul$ x out ( ord]4 ,except 9 v small assemblies ! *air _c assume t memb]s "k :at ! motion is & t x has n be5 second$1 unless he /ates ! facts4 ,a motion is second$ by a memb]'s say+1 8,i second ! motion10 or 8,i second x10 :i* he does )\t obta9+ ! floor1 & 9 small assemblies )\t ris+4 ,9 l>ge assemblies1 & especially :]e non-memb]s are scatt]$ ?r\gh\t ! assembly1 memb]s %\ld rise1 & )\t wait+ = recognition1 say1 8,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i second ! motion40 ,exceptions4 ,! foll[+ d n require a second3#f ,"q ( ,privilege1 to raise a #ai ,que/ions ( ,ord] #ba ,objection to ! ,consid]ation ( a ,"q #bc ,call = ,ord]s ( ! ,day #bj ,call = ,division ( ! ,"q 7"u c]ta9 circum/ances7 #bd ,call = ,division ( ! ,assembly 79 vot+7 #be ,call up ,motion to ,reconsid] #cf ,fill+ ,blanks #cc ,nom9ations #cc ,leave to ,)draw a ,motion #bg ,inquiries ( any k9d #bg #f ,9 ,congress motions are n requir$ to be second$4 #f4 ,/at+ ! ,"q4 ,:5 a motion has be5 made & second$1 x is ! duty ( ! *air1 unless he rules x out ( ord]1 imm$iately to /ate ! "q--t is1 /ate ! exact "q t is be=e ! assembly = its consid]ation & action4 ,?is he may d 9 v>i\s ways1 dep5d+ some:at on ! nature ( ! "q1 z illu/rat$ by ! foll[+ examples3 8,x is mov$ & second$ t ! foll[+ resolution be adopt$ read+ ! resolution20 or 8,x is mov$ & second$ to adopt ! foll[+ resolution20 8,mr4 ,a (f]s ! foll[+ resolution read3 ! "q is on its adoption20 8,x is mov$ & second$ to am5d ! resolution by /rik+ out ! ^w #8v' be=e ! ^w #8good'20 8,! previ\s "q has be5 dem&$ or1 mov$ & second$ on ! am5dm5t20 8,x is mov$ & second$ t ! "q be laid on ! table20 8,x is mov$ & second$ t we adj\rn40 ,"u ea* motion is %[n ! =m ( /at+ ! "q if !re is any peculi>ity 9 ! =m4 ,if ! "q is debatable or am5dable1 ! *air %\ld imm$iately ask1 8,are y ready = ! "q80 ,if no "o !n rises he %\ld put ! "q z describ$ 9 #i4 ,if ! "q _c be debat$ or am5d$1 he does n ask1 8,are y ready = ! "q80 b imm$iately puts ! "q aft] /at+ x4 #g4 ,debate4 ,aft] a "q has be5 /at$ by ! *air1 x is be=e ! assembly = consid]ation & action4 ,all resolutions1 reports ( committees1 communications to ! assembly1 & all am5dm5ts propos$ to !m1 & all o!r motions except ! ,undebatable ,motions m5tion$ 9 #de1 may be debat$ be=e f9al action is tak5 on !m1 unless by a two-?irds vote ! assembly decides to dispose ( !m )\t debate4 ,by a two-?irds vote is meant two-?irds ( ! votes ca/1 a quorum be+ pres5t4 ,9 ! debate ea* memb] has ! "r to speak twice on ! same "q on ! same day 7except on an appeal71 b _c make a second spee* on ! same "q z long z any memb] :o has n spok5 on t "q desires ! floor4 ,no "o c speak long] ?an t5 m9utes at a "t )\t p]mission ( ! assembly4 ,debate mu/ be limit$ to ! m]its ( ! imm$iately p5d+ "q--t is1 ! la/ "q /at$ by ! *air t is /ill p5d+2 except t 9 a few cases ! ma9 "q is also op5 to debate #de4 ,speak]s mu/ address _! rem>ks to ! presid+ (fic]1 be c\rte\s 9 _! language & deportm5t1 & avoid all p]sonalities1 nev] allud+ to ! (fic]s or o!r memb]s by "n1 :]e possible to avoid x1 nor to ! motives ( memb]s4 ,= fur!r in=mation on ?is subject see ,debate1 #db1 & ,decorum 9 ,debate1 #dc4 #h4 ,second>y ,motions4 ,to assi/ 9 ! prop] disposal ( ! "q v>i\s subsidi>y #ab motions are us$1 su* z to am5d1 to commit1 etc41 & = ! "t be+ ! subsidi>y motion replaces ! resolution1 or motion1 & becomes ! imm$iately p5d+ "q4 ,:ile ^! are p5d+1 a "q incid5tal to ! bus9ess may arise1 z a "q ( ord]1 & ?is incid5tal #ac "q int]rupts ! bus9ess &1 until dispos$ (1 becomes ! imm$iately p5d+ "q4 ,& all ( ^! may be sup]s$$ by c]ta9 motions1 call$ privileg$ #ad motions1 z to adj\rn1 ( su* supreme importance z to ju/ify _! int]rupt+ all o!r que/ions4 ,all ( ^! motions t may be made :ile ! orig9al motion is p5d+ are sometimes ref]r$ to z second>y motions4 ,! prop] use ( _m ( ^! is %[n 9 #aj4 #i4 ,putt+ ! ,"q & ,ann\nc+ ! ,vote4#g ,:5 ! debate appe>s to h clos$1 ! *air asks aga91 8,are y ready = ! "q80 ,if no "o rises he proce$s to put ! "q--t is1 to take ! vote on ! "q1 fir/ call+ = ! affirmative & !n = ! negative vote4 ,9 putt+ ! "q ! *air %\ld make p]fectly cle> :at ! "q is t ! assembly is to decide4 ,if ! "q is on ! adoption ( a resolution1 unless x has be5 read v rec5tly1 x %\ld be read aga91 ! "q be+ put 9 a way simil> to ?is3 8,! "q is on ! adoption ( ! resolution :i* ! *air reads2 ^? 9 favor ( ! resolution say aye2 ^? oppos$ say no4 ,! ayes h x1 & ! resolution is adopt$20 or1 8,! noes h x1 & ! resolution is lo/40 ,or1 ?us3 8,! "q is on agree+ to ! foll[+ resolution10 :i* ! *air reads1 & !n he cont9ues1 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( agree+ to ! resolution say aye20 aft] ! ayes h respond$ he cont9ues1 8,z _m z are oppos$ say no4 ,! ayes h x10 etc4 ,or1 8,x is mov$ & second$ t an invitation be ext5d$ to ,mr4 ,jones to address our club at its next meet+4 ,^? 9 favor ( ! motion w rise2 be seat$2 ^? oppos$ w rise4 ,! affirmative has x & ! motion is adopt$ or c>ri$40 ,or1 if ! vote is by 8%[ ( h&s10 ! "q is put & ! vote ann\nc$ 9 a =m simil> to ?is3 8,x has be5 mov$ & second$ to lay ! resolution on ! table4 ,^? 9 favor ( ! motion w raise ! "r h&2 ^? oppos$ w signify or manife/ x 9 ! same way or mann]4 ,! affirmative has x or1 ,! motion is adopt$1 or c>ri$ & ! resolution is laid on ! table40 ,! vote %\ld always be ann\nc$1 z x is a necess>y "p ( putt+ ! "q4 ,! assembly is assum$ n to "k ! result ( ! vote until ann\nc$ by ! *air1 & ! vote does n g into effect until ann\nc$4 ,z soon z ! result ( ! vote is ann\nc$ ! *air %\ld /ate ! next bus9ess 9 ord]1 z 9 ! foll[+ example ( putt+ ! "q on an am5dm5t3 8,! "q is on am5d+ ! resolution by ins]t+ ! ^w #8oak' be=e ! ^w #8desk4' ,^? 9 favor ( ! am5dm5t say aye2 ^? oppos$ say no4 ,! ayes h x & ! am5dm5t is adopt$4 ,! "q is n[ or recurs on ! resolution z am5d$1 :i* is z foll[s3 read ! resolution z am5d$4 ,are y ready = ! "q80 ,! *air %\ld nev] neglect to /ate :at is ! bus9ess next 9 ord] aft] e vote is ann\nc$1 nor to /ate ! exact "q be=e ! assembly :5ev] a motion is made4 ,mu* confusion is avoid$ !reby4 ,! vote %\ld always be tak5 fir/ by ! voice 7viva voce7 or by %[ ( h&s 7! latt] me?od be+ (t5 us$ 9 small assemblies71 except 9 ! case ( motions requir+ a two-?irds vote1 :5 a ris+ vote %\ld be tak5 at fir/4 ,:5 a division is dem&$ a ris+ vote is tak54 ,= fur!r in=mation on vot+ see #df4 ,"u ea* motion is giv5 ! =m ( putt+ ! "q :5ev] ! =m is peculi>4 #g ,h4 ,r4 ,rule #a1 #e1 is z foll[s3 8#e4 ,he %all rise to put a "q1 b may /ate x sitt+2 & %all put que/ions 9 ?is =m1 to wit3 #8,z _m z are 9 favor 7z ! "q may be71 say ,aye2' & aft] ! affirmative voice is express$1 #8,z _m z are oppos$1 say ,no2' if he d\bts1 or a division is call$ =1 ! ,h\se %all divide2 ^? 9 ! affirmative ( ! "q %all fir/ rise f _! seats1 & !n ^? 9 ! negative2 if he /ill d\bts1 or a c\nt is requir$ by at lea/ "o-fif? ( a quorum1 he %all "n "o f ea* side ( ! "q to tell ! memb]s 9 ! affirmative & negative2 :i* be+ report$1 he %all rise & /ate ! decision40 #aj4 ,prop] ,motions to ,use to ,accompli% ,c]ta9 ,objects4 ,to enable any "o to asc]ta9 :at motion to use 9 ord] to accompli% :at is desir$1 ! common motions are arrang$ 9 ! table bel[ accord+ to ! objects to be atta9$ by _! use4 ,imm$iately aft] ! table is a brief /atem5t ( ! diff]5ces betwe5 ! motions plac$ "u ea* object1 & ( ! circum/ances "u :i* ea* %\ld be us$4 ,!y include all ( ! ,subsidi>y ,motions #ab1 :i* are design$ = prop]ly dispos+ ( a "q p5d+ be=e ! assembly2 & ! ?ree motions design$ to aga9 br+ be=e ! assembly a "q t has be5 act$ ^u or laid aside tempor>ily2 & ! motion design$ to br+ be=e ano!r meet+ ( ! assembly a ma9 "q :i* has be5 vot$ on 9 an unusually small or unrepres5tative meet+4 ,motions1 z a g5]al rule1 require = _! adoption only a majority vote--t is1 a majority ( ! votes ca/1 a quorum be+ pres5t2 b motions to suppress or limit debate1 or to prev5t ! consid]ation ( a "q1 or1 )\t notice to resc9d action previ\sly tak51 require a two-?irds vote #dh4 ,! figures & lett]s on ! left 9 ! li/ bel[ correspond to simil> figures & lett]s 9 ! /atem5t ( diff]5ces fur!r on4 ,! figures to ! "r 9 ! li/ ref] to ! sections :]e ! motions are fully treat$4 ,! ,common ,motions ,classifi$ ,accord+ to ,_! ,objects4 7#a7 ,to ,modify or ,am5d4 7a7 ,am5d #cc 7b7 ,commit or ,ref] #cb 7#b7 ,to ,def] ,action4 7a7 ,po/pone to a ,c]ta9 ,"t #ca 7b7 ,make a ,special ,ord] 7 ,vote7 #bj 7c7 ,lay on ! ,table #bh 7#c7 ,to ,suppress or ,limit ,debate 7 ,vote74 7a7 ,previ\s ,"q 7to close debate n[7 7 ,vote7 #bi 7b7 ,limit ,debate 7 ,vote7 #cj 7#d7 ,to ,suppress ! ,"q4 7a7 ,objection to ,its ,consid]ation 7 ,vote7 #bc 7b7 ,previ\s ,"q & ,reject ,"q #bi 7c7 ,po/pone ,indef9itely #cd 7d7 ,lay on ! ,table #bh 7#e7 ,to ,consid] a ,"q a ,second ,"t4 7a7 ,take f ! ,table #ce 7b7 ,reconsid] #cf 7c7 ,resc9d #cg 7#f7 ,to ,prev5t ,f9al ,action on a ,"q 9 an ,unusually ,small or ,unrepres5tative ,meet+4 7a7 ,reconsid] & h ,ent]$ on ! ,m9utes #cf 7#a7 ,to ,modify or ,am5d4 7a7 ,:5 a resolution or motion is n word$ prop]ly1 or requires any modification to meet ! approval ( ! assembly1 if ! *anges requir$ c be made 9 ! assembly1 ! prop] motion to make is to am5d by 8ins]t+10 or 8add+10 or by 8/rik+ out10 or by 8/rik+ out & ins]t+10 or by 8sub/itut+0 "o or m p>agraphs = ^? 9 ! resolution4 7b7 ,b if mu* "t w be requir$1 or if ! *anges requir$ are num]\s1 or if additional in=mation is requir$ to enable ! assembly to act intellig5tly1 !n x is usually bett] to ref] ! "q to a committee4 7#b7 ,to ,def] ,action4 7a7 ,if x is desir$ to put (f ! fur!r consid]ation ( a "q to a c]ta9 h\r1 s t :5 t "t arrives1 z soon z ! p5d+ bus9ess is dispos$ (1 x %all h ! "r ( consid]ation ov] all que/ions except special ord]s & a reconsid]ation1 !n ! prop] motion to make is1 to po/pone to t c]ta9 "t4 ,?is is also ! prop] motion to make if x is desir$ to def] action simply to ano!r day4 ,z ! motion if adopt$ _c int]rupt ! p5d+ "q :5 ! appo9t$ "t arrives1 nor c x susp5d any rule1 x requires only a majority vote = its adoption4 ,a "q po/pon$ to a c]ta9 "t _c be tak5 up be=e ! appo9t$ "t except by susp5d+ ! rules1 :i* requires a two-?irds vote4 7b7 ,if x is desir$ to appo9t = ! consid]ation ( a "q a c]ta9 "t :5 x may int]rupt any p5d+ "q except "o relat+ to adj\rnm5t or recess1 or a "q ( privilege or a specifi$ ord] t 0 made be=e x 01 !n ! prop] c\rse is to move 8t ! "q be made a special ord] =10 etc41 specify+ ! day or h\r4 ,z ?is motion1 if adopt$1 susp5ds all rules t int]f]e ) ! consid]ation ( ! "q at ! appo9t$ "t1 x requires a two-?irds vote = its adoption4 ,a special ord] _c be consid]$ be=e ! appo9t$ "t except by susp5d+ ! rules1 :i* requires a two-?irds vote4 7c7 ,if1 h[ev]1 x is desir$ to lay ! "q aside tempor>ily ) ! "r to take x up at any mom5t :5 bus9ess ( ?is class1 or unf9i%$ or new bus9ess1 is 9 ord] & no o!r "q is be=e ! assembly1 ! prop] motion to use is to lay ! "q on ! table4 ,:5 laid ^u ! table a majority vote may take x up at ! same or ! next session1 z describ$ 9 #ce4 7#c7 ,to ,suppress ,debate4 7a7 ,if x is desir$ to close debate n[ & br+ ! assembly at once to a vote on ! p5d+ "q1 or que/ions1 ! prop] c\rse is to move1 or dem&1 or call =1 ! previ\s "q on ! motions ^u :i* x is desir$ to close debate4 ,! motion1 or dem&1 = ! previ\s "q %\ld always specify ! motions ^u :i* x is desir$ to ord] ! previ\s "q4 ,if no motions are specifi$1 ! previ\s "q applies only to ! imm$iately p5d+ "q4 ,x requires a two-?irds vote = its adoption4 ,aft] x has be5 adopt$1 privileg$ & incid5tal motions may be made1 or ! p5d+ que/ions may be laid on ! table1 b no o!r subsidi>y motion c be made nor is any debate all[$4 ,if x is lo/ ! debate is resum$4 7b7 ,if x is desir$ to limit ! numb] or l5g? ( spee*es1 or ! "t all[$ = debate1 ! prop] c\rse is to move t ! spee*es or debate be limit$ z desir$1 or t ! debate be clos$ & ! vote be tak5 at a specifi$ "t4 ,^! motions to limit or close debate require a two-?irds vote = _! adoption1 & are 9 ord]1 l ! previ\s "q1 :5 any debatable "q is imm$iately p5d+4 7#d7 ,to ,suppress ! ,"q4 ,a legitimate "q _c be suppress$ 9 a delib]ative assembly )\t free debate1 except by a two-?irds vote4 ,if two-?irds ( ! assembly are oppos$ to ! consid]ation ( ! "q !n x c be suppress$ by ! foll[+ me?ods3 7a7 ,if x is desir$ to prev5t any consid]ation ( ! "q1 ! prop] c\rse to pursue is to object to its consid]ation be=e x has be5 discuss$ or any o!r motion /at$1 &1 !re=e1 x may int]rupt a memb] :o has ! floor be=e ! debate has begun4 ,x requires no second4 ,on ! "q ( consid]ation !re mu/ be a two-?irds negative vote to prev5t ! consid]ation4 7b7 ,aft] ! "q has be5 consid]$ ! prop] way to imm$iately suppress x is to close debate by ord]+ ! previ\s "q1 :i* requires a two-?irds vote1 & !n to vote d[n ! "q4 7c7 ,ano!r me?od ( suppress+ a "q is to po/pone x indef9itely 7equival5t to reject+ x71 :i*1 h[ev]1 be+ debatable & op5+ ! ma9 "q to debate1 is only ( s]vice 9 giv+ ano!r opportunity to defeat ! resolution %\ld ?is "o fail4 ,=1 if ! motion to po/pone indef9itely is adopt$1 ! ma9 "q is dead = t session1 & if x is lo/1 ! ma9 "q is /ill p5d+ & its enemies h ano!r opportunity to kill x4 ,:5 ! motion to po/pone indef9itely is p5d+ & imm$iate action is desir$1 x is necess>y to move ! previ\s "q z 9 case 7b7 above4 7d7 ,a f\r? me?od frequ5tly us$ = suppress+ a "q is to lay x on ! table1 ?\gh ?is is an unfair use ( ! motion1 except 9 bodies l ,congress :]e ! majority mu/ h ! p[] to suppress any motion imm$iately1 z o!rwise !y c\ld n transact bus9ess4 ,b 9 ord9>y societies1 :]e ! pressure ( bus9ess is n s great1 x is bett] policy = ! majority to be fair & c\rte\s to ! m9ority & use ! prop] motions = suppress+ a "q )\t all[+ full debate1 all ( :i* require a two-?irds vote4 ,unless ! enemies ( a motion h a l>ge majority1 lay+ x on ! table is n a safe way ( suppress+ x1 because its fri5ds1 by wat*+ _! opportunity1 may f9d !mselves 9 a majority & take x f ! table & adopt x1 z %[n 9 ! next p>agraph4 7#e7 ,to ,consid] a ,"q a ,second ,"t4 7a7 ,:5 a "q has n be5 vot$ on1 b has be5 laid on ! table1 a majority may take x f ! table & consid] x at any "t :5 no o!r "q is be=e ! assembly & :5 bus9ess ( t class1 or unf9i%$ or new bus9ess1 is 9 ord] dur+ ! same session2 or at ! next session 9 ord9>y societies hav+ regul> meet+s z (t5 z qu>t]ly4 7b7 ,if a motion has be5 adopt$1 or reject$1 or po/pon$ indef9itely1 & aft]w>ds "o or m memb]s h *ang$ _! views f ! prevail+ to ! los+ side1 & x is ?\ght t by fur!r discussion ! assembly may modify or rev]se its action1 ! prop] c\rse is = "o :o vot$ ) ! prevail+ side to move to reconsid] ! vote on ! "q4 ,?is c be done on ! day ! vote to be reconsid]$ is tak51 or on ! next succe$+ day ( ! same session4 7c7 ,if a ma9 motion1 includ+ que/ions ( privilege & ord]s ( ! day1 has be5 adopt$ or reject$ or po/pon$ indef9itely1 & no "o is bo? able & will+ to move to reconsid] ! vote1 ! "q c be br\ght up aga9 dur+ ! same session only by mov+ to resc9d ! motion4 ,to resc9d may be mov$ by any memb]1 b1 if notice ( x 0 n giv5 at a previ\s meet+1 x requires a two-?irds vote or a vote ( a majority ( ! enroll$ memb]%ip4 ,at any future session1 ! resolution1 or o!r ma9 motion1 may be resc9d$ 9 ! same way if x _h be5 adopt$2 or x may be introduc$ anew if x _h be5 reject$ or po/pon$ indef9itely2 provid$ ! "q _c be rea*$ by call+ up ! motion to reconsid] :i* _h be5 made at ! previ\s session4 ,a by-law1 or any?+ else t requires a def9ite notice & vote = its am5dm5t1 requires ! same notice & vote to resc9d x4 7#f7 ,to ,prev5t ,f9al ,action on a ,"q 9 an ,unusually ,small or ,unrepres5tative ,meet+4 ,if an important ma9 motion %\ld be adopt$1 lo/1 or po/pon$ indef9itely1 at a small or unrepres5tative meet+ ( ! society :5 x 0 app>5t t ! action is 9 opposition to ! views ( ! majority ( ! memb]s1 ! prop] c\rse to pursue is = a memb] to vote ) ! prevail+ side & !n move to reconsid] ! vote & h x ent]$ on ! m9utes4 ,! motion to reconsid]1 9 ?is =m1 c be made only on ! day ! vote 0 tak5 :i* x is propos$ to reconsid]1 & ! reconsid]ation _c be call$ up on t day2 ?us an opportunity is giv5 to notify abs5t memb]s4 ,! motion to reconsid] is fully expla9$ 9 #cf4 ,art4 ,,ii4 ,g5]al ,classification ( ,motions4 ,= conv5i5ce motions may be classifi$ z foll[s3 ,ma9 or ,pr9cipal ,motions #aa ,subsidi>y ,motions #ab ,incid5tal ,motions #ac ,privileg$ ,motions #ad #aa4 ,a ,ma9 or ,pr9cipal ,motion is a motion made to br+ be=e ! assembly1 = its consid]ation1 any p>ticul> subject4 ,x takes prec$5ce ( no?+--t is1 x _c be made :5 any o!r "q is be=e ! assembly2 & x yields to all ,privileg$1 ,incid5tal1 & ,subsidi>y ,motions--t is1 any ( ^! motions c be made :ile a ma9 motion is p5d+4 ,ma9 motions are debatable1 & subject to am5dm5t1 & c h any subsidi>y #ab motions appli$ to !m4 ,:5 a ma9 motion is laid on ! table1 or po/pon$ to a c]ta9 "t1 x c>ries ) x all p5d+ subsidi>y motions4 ,if a ma9 motion is ref]r$ to a committee x c>ries ) x only ! p5d+ am5dm5ts4 ,z a g5]al rule1 !y require = _! adoption only a majority vote--t is1 a majority ( ! votes ca/2 b am5dm5ts to con/itutions1 by-laws1 & rules ( ord] already adopt$1 all ( :i* are ma9 motions1 require a two-?irds vote = _! adoption1 unless ! by-laws1 etc41 specify a diff]5t vote = _! am5dm5t2 & ! motion to resc9d action previ\sly tak5 requires a two-?irds vote1 or a vote ( a majority ( ! entire memb]%ip1 unless previ\s notice ( ! motion has be5 giv54 ,ma9 motions may be subdivid$ into ,orig9al ,ma9 ,motions & ,incid5tal ,ma9 ,motions4 ,orig9al ,ma9 ,motions are ^? :i* br+ be=e ! assembly "s new subject1 g5]ally 9 ! =m ( a resolution1 ^u :i* action by ! assembly is desir$4 ,incid5tal ,ma9 ,motions are ^? ma9 motions t are incid5tal to1 or relate to1 ! bus9ess ( ! assembly1 or its pa/ or future action1 z1 a committee's report on a resolution ref]r$ to x4 ,a motion to accept or adopt ! report ( a /&+ committee ^u a subject n ref]r$ to x is an orig9al ma9 motion1 b a motion to adopt a report on a subject ref]r$ to a committee is an incid5tal ma9 motion4 ,! introduction ( an orig9al ma9 motion c be prev5t$ by su/a9+ by a two-?irds vote an objection to its consid]ation #bc1 made j aft] ! ma9 motion is /at$ & be=e x is discuss$4 ,an objection to its consid]ation _c be appli$ to an incid5tal ma9 motion1 b a two-?irds vote c imm$iately suppress x by ord]+ ! previ\s "q #bi4 ,?is is ! only diff]5ce betwe5 ! two classes ( ma9 motions4 ,! foll[+ li/ conta9s "s ( ! mo/ common ,incid5tal ,ma9 ,motions4 ,accept or ,adopt a ,report ^u a subject ref]r$ to a committee #ed ,adj\rn at1 or to1 a future "t #ag ,adj\rn1 if qualifi$ 9 any way1 or to adj\rn :5 ! effect is to dissolve ! assembly ) no provision = its reconv5+ #ag ,appo9t ! ,"t & ,place = ! next meet+1 if introduc$ :5 no bus9ess is p5d+ #af ,am5d ! ,con/itution1 ,by-laws1 ,/&+ ,rules1 or ,resolutions1 etc41 already adopt$ #fh ,ratify or ,confirm action tak5 #ci ,resc9d or ,repeal action tak5 #cg ,all ( ^! motions are ess5tially ma9 motions1 & are treat$ z su*1 ?\gh !y may appe> o!rwise4 ,?\gh a "q ( privilege is ( high rank s f> z int]rupt+ a p5d+ "q is conc]n$1 yet :5 ! "q has int]rupt$ bus9ess & is p5d+1 x is treat$ z a ma9 motion s f> z hav+ incid5tal & subsidi>y motions appli$ to x4 ,s an ord] ( ! day1 ev5 ?\gh a special ord]1 aft] x has be5 tak5 up is treat$ 9 ! same way1 z is also a "q t has be5 reconsid]$4 ,no motion is 9 ord] t conflicts ) ! con/itution1 by-laws1 or /&+ rules or resolutions ( ! assembly1 & if su* a motion is adopt$ x is null & void4 ,be=e introduc+ su* a motion x is necess>y to am5d ! con/itution or by-laws1 or am5d or resc9d ! conflict+ /&+ rule or resolution4 ,s1 too1 a motion is n 9 ord] t conflicts ) a resolution previ\sly adopt$ by ! assembly at ! same session1 or t has be5 introduc$ & has n be5 f9ally dispos$ (4 ,if x is n too late ! prop] c\rse is to reconsid] #cf ! vote on ! motion previ\sly adopt$1 & !n am5d x s z to express ! desir$ idea4 ,if x _c be reconsid]$1 !n by a two-?irds vote ! old resolution may be resc9d$ :5 ! new "o c be introduc$1 or by giv+ notice x may be resc9d$ by a majority vote at ! next meet+4 ,9 ord9>y societies1 :]e ! quorum is a small p]c5tage ( ! memb]%ip1 & ! meet+s are z frequ5t z qu>t]ly1 no resolution t conflicts ) "o adopt$ at a previ\s session %\ld be ent]ta9$ until ! old "o has be5 resc9d$1 :i* requires a two-?irds vote unless prop] notice has be5 giv54 ,see #cg4 #ab4 ,subsidi>y ,motions are su* z are appli$ to o!r motions = ! purpose ( mo/ appropriately dispos+ ( !m4 ,by means ( !m ! orig9al motion may be modifi$1 or action po/pon$1 or x may be ref]r$ to a committee to inve/igate & report1 etc4 ,!y may be appli$ to any ma9 motion1 & :5 made !y sup]s$e ! ma9 motion & mu/ be decid$ be=e ! ma9 motion c be act$ ^u4 ,none ( !m1 except ! motion to am5d & ^? t close or limit or ext5d ! limits ( debate1 c be appli$ to a subsidi>y1 incid5tal 7except an appeal 9 c]ta9 cases71 or privileg$ motion4 ,subsidi>y motions1 except to lay on ! table1 ! previ\s "q1 & po/pone indef9itely1 may be am5d$4 ,! motions affect+ ! limits ( debate may be appli$ to any debatable "q reg>dless ( its privilege1 & require a two-?irds vote = _! adoption4 ,all ^? ( l[] rank ?an ^? affect+ ! limits ( debate are debatable1 ! re/ are n4 ,! motion to am5d any?+ t has already be5 adopt$1 z by-laws or m9utes1 is n a subsidi>y motion b is a ma9 motion & c be laid on ! table or h appli$ to x any o!r subsidi>y motion )\t affect+ ! by-laws or m9utes1 because ! latt] are n p5d+4 ,9 ! foll[+ li/ ! subsidi>y motions are arrang$ 9 ! ord] ( _! prec$5ce1 ! fir/ "o hav+ ! highe/ rank4 ,:5 "o ( !m is ! imm$iately p5d+ "q e motion above x is 9 ord]1 & e "o bel[ x is out ( ord]4 ,!y are z foll[s3 ,subsidi>y ,motions4 ,lay on ! ,table #bh ,! ,previ\s ,"q #bi ,limit or ,ext5d ,limits ( ,debate #cj ,po/pone ,def9itely1 or to a ,c]ta9 ,"t #ca ,commit or ,ref]1 or ,recommit #cb ,am5d #cc ,po/pone ,indef9itely #cd #ac4 ,incid5tal ,motions are su* z arise out ( ano!r "q :i* is p5d+1 & !re=e take prec$5ce ( & mu/ be decid$ be=e ! "q out ( :i* !y rise2 or1 !y are incid5tal to a "q t has j be5 p5d+ & %\ld be decid$ be=e any o!r bus9ess is tak5 up4 ,!y yield to privileg$ motions1 & g5]ally to ! motion to lay on ! table4 ,!y are undebatable1 except an appeal "u c]ta9 circum/ances z %[n 9 #ba4 ,!y _c be am5d$ except :]e !y relate to ! division ( a "q1 or to ! me?od ( consid]+ a "q1 or to me?ods ( vot+1 or to ! "t :5 nom9ations or ! polls %all be clos$4 ,no subsidi>y motion1 except to am5d1 c be appli$ to any ( !m except a debatable appeal4 ,:5ev] x is /at$ t all incid5tal motions take prec$5ce ( a c]ta9 motion1 ! incid5tal motions ref]r$ to are only ^? t are legitimately incid5tal at ! "t !y are made4 ,?us1 incid5tal motions take prec$5ce ( subsidi>y motions1 b ! incid5tal motion to object to ! consid]ation ( a "q _c be made :ile a subsidi>y motion is p5d+1 z ! objection is only legitimate aga9/ an orig9al ma9 motion j aft] x is /at$1 be=e x has be5 debat$ or !re has be5 any subsidi>y motion /at$4 ,! foll[+ li/ comprises mo/ ( ^? t may arise3 ,incid5tal ,motions4 ,que/ions ( ,ord] & ,appeal #ba ,susp5sion ( ! ,rules #bb ,objection to ! ,consid]ation ( a ,"q #bc ,division ( a ,"q1 & ,consid]ation by ,p>agraph or ,s]iatim #bd ,division ( ! ,assembly1 & ,motions relat+ to ,me?ods ( ,vot+1 or to ,clos+ or to ,reop5+ ! ,polls #be ,motions relat+ to ,me?ods ( ,mak+1 or to ,clos+ or to ,reop5+ ,nom9ations #bf ,reque/s gr[+ out ( ,bus9ess ,p5d+ or t has j be5 p5d+2 z1 a ,p>liam5t>y ,inquiry1 a ,reque/ = ,in=mation1 = ,leave to ,)draw a ,motion1 to ,read ,pap]s1 to be ,excus$ f a ,duty1 or = any o!r ,privilege #bg #ad4 ,privileg$ ,motions are su* z1 :ile n relat+ to ! p5d+ "q1 are ( s great importance z to require !m to take prec$5ce ( all o!r que/ions1 &1 on acc\nt ( ?is high privilege1 !y are undebatable4 ,!y _c h any subsidi>y motion appli$ to !m1 except ! motions to fix ! "t to :i* to adj\rn1 & to take a recess1 :i* may be am5d$4 ,b aft] ! assembly has actually tak5 up ! ord]s ( ! day or a "q ( privilege1 debate & am5dm5t are p]mitt$ & ! subsidi>y motions may be appli$ ! same z on any ma9 motion4 ,^! motions are z foll[s1 be+ arrang$ 9 ord] ( prec$5ce3 ,privileg$ ,motions4 ,fix ! ,"t to :i* to ,adj\rn 7if made :ile ano!r "q is p5d+7 #af ,adj\rn 7if unqualifi$ & if x has n ! effect to dissolve ! assembly7 #ag ,take a ,recess 7if made :5 ano!r "q is p5d+7 #ah ,raise a ,"q ( ,privilege #ai ,call = ,ord]s ( ! ,day #bj #ae4 ,"s ,ma9 & ,unclassifi$ ,motions4 ,two ma9 motions 7to resc9d & to ratify7 & sev]al motions :i* _c conv5i5tly be classifi$ z ei!r ,ma91 ,subsidi>y1 ,incid5tal1 or ,privileg$1 & :i* are 9 common use1 are h]eaft] expla9$ & _! privileges & effects giv54 ,!y are z foll[s3 ,take f ! ,table #ce ,reconsid] #cf ,resc9d #cg ,r5ewal ( a ,motion #ch ,ratify #ci ,dilatory1 ,absurd1 or ,frivol\s ,motions #dj ,call ( ! ,h\se #da ,art4 ,,iii4 ,privileg$ ,motions4 ,see #ad = a li/ & ! g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ^! motions4 #af4 ,to ,fix ! ,"t to :i* ! ,assembly %all ,adj\rn4#h ,?is motion is privileg$ only :5 made :ile ano!r "q is p5d+ & 9 an assembly t has made no provision = ano!r meet+ on ! same or ! next day4 ,! "t fix$ _c be beyond ! "t ( ! next meet+4 ,if made 9 an assembly t already has provid$ = ano!r meet+ on ! same or ! next day1 or if made 9 an assembly :5 no "q is p5d+1 ?is is a ma9 motion & may be debat$ & am5d$ & h appli$ to x ! o!r subsidi>y motions1 l o!r ma9 motions4 ,:5ev] ! motion is ref]r$ to 9 ^! rules ! privileg$ motion is meant1 unless specifi$ to ! contr>y4 #h ,9 ,congress ?is motion 0 giv5 ! highe/ rank ( all motions1 b x 0 s utiliz$ = filibu/]+ purposes & !re 0 s little ne$ ( su* a motion 9 an assembly meet+ daily = mon?s1 t 9 ! la/ revision ( ! rules x 0 omitt$ f ! li/ ( privileg$ motions4 ,9 ord9>y assemblies hav+ %ort or infrequ5t sessions its usefulness outweighs ! h>m t may be done by its improp] use4 ,?is motion :5 privileg$ takes prec$5ce ( all o!rs1 & is 9 ord] ev5 aft] x has be5 vot$ to adj\rn1 provid$ ! *airman has n decl>$ ! assembly adj\rn$4 ,x c be am5d$1 & a vote on x c be reconsid]$4 ,:5 ! assembly has no fix$ place = its meet+s1 ?is motion %\ld include ! place z well z ! "t = ! next meet+1 & 9 ?is case ! place is subject to am5dm5t z well z ! "t4 ,:5 ! assembly meets at ! "t to :i* x adj\rn$1 ! meet+ is a cont9uation ( ! previ\s session4 ,?us1 if ! ,annual ,meet+ is adj\rn$ to meet on ano!r day1 ! adj\rn$ meet+ is a legal cont9uation ( ! ,annual ,meet+4 ,see #fc4 ,! =m ( ?is motion is1 8,i move t :5 we adj\rn1 we adj\rn 7or /& adj\rn$7 to #b ,p4,m4 tomorr[40 #ag4 ,to ,adj\rn4 ,! motion to adj\rn 7:5 unqualifi$7 is always a privileg$ motion except :51 = lack ( provision = a future meet+1 z 9 a mass meet+1 or at ! la/ meet+ ( a conv5tion1 its effect1 if adopt$1 w\ld be to dissolve ! assembly p]man5tly4 ,9 any organiz$ society hold+ sev]al regul> meet+s dur+ ! ye>1 x is1 :5 unqualifi$1 always a privileg$ motion4 ,:5 n privileg$ x is treat$ z any o!r ma9 motion1 be+ debatable & am5dable1 etc4 ,! privileg$ motion to adj\rn takes prec$5ce ( all o!rs1 except ! privileg$ motion 8to fix ! "t to :i* to adj\rn10 to :i* x yields4 ,x is n debatable1 nor c x be am5d$ or h any o!r subsidi>y #ab motion appli$ to x2 nor c a vote on x be reconsid]$4 ,x may be )drawn4 ,! motion to adj\rn c be repeat$ if !re has be5 any int]v5+ bus9ess1 ?\gh x is simply progress 9 debate4 ,! assembly may decl9e to adj\rn 9 ord] to he> "o spee* or to take "o vote1 & !re=e x mu/ h ! privilege ( r5ew+ ! motion to adj\rn :5 !re has be5 any progress 9 bus9ess or debate4 ,b ?is high privilege is liable to abuse to ! annoyance ( ! assembly1 if ! *air does n prev5t x by refus+ to ent]ta9 ! motion :5 evid5tly made = ob/ructive purposes1 z :5 ! assembly has j vot$ x d[n1 & no?+ has occurr$ s9ce to %[ ! possibility ( ! assembly's wi%+ to adj\rn4 ,see ,dilatory ,motions1 #dj4 ,! motion to adj\rn1 l e o!r motion1 _c be made except by a memb] :o has ! floor4 ,:5 made by "o :o has n ris5 & address$ ! *air & be5 recogniz$1 x c be ent]ta9$ only by g5]al cons5t4 ,x _c be made :5 ! assembly is engag$ 9 vot+1 or v]ify+ ! vote1 b is 9 ord] aft] ! vote has be5 tak5 by ballot be=e x has be5 ann\nc$4 ,9 su* case ! ballot vote %\ld be ann\nc$ z soon z bus9ess is resum$4 ,:]e mu* "t w be consum$ 9 c\nt+ ballots ! assembly may adj\rn1 hav+ previ\sly appo9t$ a "t = ! next meet+1 or1 /ill bett]1 may take a recess z expla9$ 9 ! next section4 ,no appeal1 or "q ( ord]1 or inquiry1 %\ld be ent]ta9$ aft] ! motion to adj\rn has be5 made1 unless x is ( su* a nature t its decision is necess>y be=e an adj\rnm5t1 or unless ! assembly refuses to adj\rn1 :5 x w\ld be 9 ord]4 ,be=e putt+ ! motion to adj\rn1 ! *air1 9 mo/ organizations1 %\ld be sure t no important matt]s h be5 ov]look$4 ,if !re are ann\ncem5ts to be made !y %\ld be att5d$ to be=e tak+ ! vote1 or at lea/1 be=e ann\nc+ x4 ,if !re is some?+ requir+ action be=e adj\rnm5t1 ! fact %\ld be /at$ & ! mov] reque/$ to )draw 8 motion to adj\rn4 ,! fact t ! motion to adj\rn is undebatable does n prev5t ! assembly's be+ in=m$ ( bus9ess requir+ att5tion be=e adj\rnm5t4 ,memb]s %\ld n leave _! seats until ! *air has decl>$ ! assembly adj\rn$4 ,an adj\rnm5t s9e die--t is1 )\t day--closes ! session & if !re is no provision = conv5+ ! assembly aga91 ( c\rse ! adj\rnm5t dissolves ! assembly4 ,b1 if any provision has be5 made :]eby ano!r meet+ may be held1 its effect is simply to close ! session4 ,9 an assembly1 z a conv5tion1 :i* meets regul>ly only once dur+ its life1 b ^: by-laws provide = call+ special meet+s1 an adj\rnm5t s9e die means only ! end+ ( ! regul> session ( ! conv5tion1 :i*1 h[ev]1 may be reconv5$ z provid$ 9 ! by-laws4 ,if call$ to meet aga9 ! assembly meets z a body already organiz$4 ,:5 ! motion to adj\rn is qualifi$ 9 any way1 or :5 its effect is to dissolve ! assembly )\t any provision be+ made = hold+ ano!r meet+ ( ! assembly1 x loses its privilege & is a ma9 motion1 debatable & am5dable & subject to hav+ appli$ to x any ( ! subsidi>y motions4 ,9 committees :]e no provision has be5 made = future meet+s1 an adj\rnm5t is always at ! call ( ! *air unless o!rwise specifi$4 ,:5 a special committee1 or ! committee ( ! :ole1 has complet$ ! bus9ess ref]r$ to x1 in/ead ( adj\rn+1 x rises & reports1 :i* is equival5t to adj\rnm5t )\t day4 ,! ,effect ^u ,unf9i%$ ,bus9ess ( an adj\rnm5t1 unless ! assembly has adopt$ rules to ! contr>y1 is z foll[s3 7a7 ,:5 ! adj\rnm5t does n close ! session #fc1 ! bus9ess int]rupt$ by x is ! fir/ 9 ord] aft] ! read+ ( ! m9utes at ! next meet+1 & is treat$ ! same z if !re _h be5 no adj\rnm5t1 an adj\rn$ meet+ be+ legally ! cont9uation ( ! meet+ ( :i* x is an adj\rnm5t4 7b7 ,:5 ! adj\rnm5t closes a session#i 9 an assembly hav+ regul> sessions z (t5 z qu>t]ly1 ! unf9i%$ bus9ess %\ld be tak5 up1 j :]e x 0 int]rupt$1 at ! next succe$+ session previ\s to new bus9ess2 provid$ t1 9 a body elect$1 ei!r :olly or 9 "p1 = a def9ite "t 7z a bo>d ( directors "o-?ird ( :om are elect$ annually71 unf9i%$ bus9ess falls to ! gr\nd ) ! expiration ( ! t]m = :i* ! bo>d1 or any "p ( x1 0 elect$4 #i 8,all bus9ess be=e committees ( ! ,h\se at ! end ( "o session %all be resum$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! next session ( ! same ,congress 9 ! same mann] z if no adj\rnm5t _h tak5 place40 ,h4 ,r4 ,rule #bf4 ,9 practice ?is rule is appli$ to bus9ess be=e ! ,h\se z well z to t be=e committees4 ,b unf9i%$ bus9ess does n g ov] f "o ,congress to ano!r ,congress4 ,:5 a society meets only once 9 six mon?s or a ye>1 !re is liable to be z great a diff]5ce 9 ! p]sonnel ( ! two consecutive meet+s z ( two consecutive ,congresses2 & only tr\ble w\ld result f all[+ unf9i%$ bus9ess to hold ov] to ! next ye>ly meet+4 7c7 ,:5 ! adj\rnm5t closes a session 9 an assembly :i* does n meet z (t5 z qu>t]ly1 or :5 ! assembly is an elective body1 & ?is session ends ! t]m ( a portion ( ! memb]s1 ! adj\rnm5t puts an end to all bus9ess unf9i%$ at ! close ( ! session4 ,! bus9ess may be introduc$ at ! next session1 ! same z if x _h nev] be5 be=e ! assembly4 #ah4 ,take a ,recess4#aj ,?is motion is practically a comb9ation ( ! two prec$+1 to :i* x yields1 tak+ prec$5ce ( all o!r motions4 ,if made :5 o!r bus9ess is be=e ! assembly1 x is a privileg$ motion & is undebatable & c h no subsidi>y motion appli$ to x except am5d4 ,x c be am5d$ z to ! l5g? ( ! recess4 ,x takes effect imm$iately4 ,a motion to take a recess made :5 no bus9ess is be=e ! assembly1 or a motion to take a recess at a future "t1 has no privilege1 & is treat$ z any o!r ma9 motion4 ,a recess is an int]mission 9 ! day's proce$+s1 z = meals or = c\nt+ ! ballots :5 mu* "t is requir$2 or 9 ! case ( meet+s l conv5tions la/+ = sev]al days a recess is sometimes tak5 ov] an entire day4 ,:5 a recess is provid$ = 9 ! ord] ( ex]cises1 or program1 ! *air1 :5 ! "t arrives1 ann\nces ! fact & says ! assembly /&s adj\rn$1 or 9 recess1 to ! specifi$ h\r4 ,! assembly by a two-?irds vote c po/pone ! "t = tak+ a recess1 or adj\rnm5t4 ,:5 ! h\r has arriv$ to :i* ! recess 0 tak51 ! *airman calls ! assembly to ord] & ! bus9ess proce$s ! same z if no recess _h be5 tak54 ,if ! recess 0 tak5 aft] a vote _h be5 tak5 & be=e x 0 ann\nc$1 !n ! fir/ bus9ess is ! ann\ncem5t ( ! vote4 ,! int]missions 9 ! proce$+s ( a day are t]m$ recesses1 :e!r ! assembly vot$ to take a recess1 or :e!r x simply adj\rn$ hav+ previ\sly adopt$ a program or rule provid+ = ! h\rs ( meet+4 ,:5 an assembly has frequ5t %ort regul> meet+s n la/+ ov] a day1 & an adj\rn$ meet+ is held on ano!r day1 ! int]val betwe5 ! meet+s is n ref]r$ to z a recess4 #aj ,congress has omitt$ ?is motion f its late/ revision ( ! li/ ( privileg$ motions1 on acc\nt ( its abuse = filibu/]+ purposes1 & its be+ s seldom ne$$4 #ai4 ,que/ions ( ,privilege4 ,que/ions relat+ to ! rights & privileges ( ! assembly1 or to any ( its memb]s1 take prec$5ce ( all o!r motions except ! ?ree prec$+ relat+ to adj\rnm5t & recess1 to :i* !y yield4 ,if ! "q is "o requir+ imm$iate action x may int]rupt a memb]'s spee*2 z1 = example1 :51 f any cause1 a report t is be+ read _c be he>d 9 a "p ( ! hall4 ,b if x is n ( su* urg5cy x %\ld n int]rupt a memb] aft] he has comm5c$ 8 spee*4 ,be=e a memb] has comm5c$ speak+1 ev5 ?\gh he has be5 assign$ ! floor1 x is 9 ord] = ano!r memb] to raise a "q ( privilege4 ,:5 a memb] rises = ?is purpose he %\ld n wait to be recogniz$1 b imm$iately on ris+ %\ld say1 8,mr4 ,*airman10--& :5 he cat*es ! *airman's eye1 %\ld add1 8,i rise to a "q ( privilege affect+ ! assembly10 or 8,i rise to a "q ( p]sonal privilege40 ,! *air directs him to /ate 8 "q1 & !n decides :e!r x is "o ( privilege or n4 ,f ?is decision any two memb]s may appeal4 ,! *air may decide x to be a "q ( privilege1 b n ( suffici5t urg5cy to ju/ify int]rupt+ ! speak]4 ,9 su* a case ! speak] %\ld be all[$ to cont9ue1 &1 :5 he has f9i%$1 ! *air %\ld imm$iately assign ! floor to ! memb] :o rais$ ! "q ( privilege to make 8 motion if "o is necess>y4 ,:5ev] 8 motion is made & /at$1 x becomes ! imm$iately p5d+ "q & is op5 to debate & am5dm5t & ! application ( all ! o!r subsidi>y motions j z any ma9 motion4 ,its high privilege ext5ds only to giv+ x ! "r to consid]ation 9 pref]5ce to any o!r "q except "o relat+ to adj\rnm5t or recess1 &1 9 cases ( great urg5cy1 ! "r to int]rupt a memb] :ile speak+4 ,x _c int]rupt vot+ or v]ify+ a vote4 ,z soon z ! "q ( privilege is dispos$ (1 ! bus9ess is resum$ exactly :]e x 0 int]rupt$2 if a memb] _h ! floor at ! "t ! "q ( privilege 0 rais$1 ! *air assigns him ! floor aga94 ,que/ions ( privilege may relate to ! privileges ( ! assembly or only ( a memb]1 ! =m] hav+ ! prec$5ce if ! two come into competition4 ,que/ions ( p]sonal privilege mu/ relate to "o z a memb] ( ! assembly1 or else relate to *>ges aga9/ 8 "* :i*1 if true1 w\ld incapacitate him = memb]%ip4 ,que/ions l ! foll[+ relate to ! privileges ( ! assembly3 ^? relat+ to ! organization ( ! assembly2 or to ! com=t ( its memb]s1 z ! heat+1 light+1 v5tilation1 etc41 ( ! hall1 & fre$om f noise & o!r di/urbance2 or to ! conduct ( its (fic]s or employees2 or to ! puni%+ ( a memb] = disord]ly conduct or o!r (f5ce2 or to ! conduct ( report]s = ! press1 or to ! accuracy ( publi%$ reports ( proce$+s4 ,privileg$ que/ions include1 besides que/ions ( privilege1 a call = ! ord]s ( ! day & ! privileg$ motions relat+ to adj\rnm5t & recess4 ,?is di/9ction betwe5 privileg$ que/ions & que/ions ( privilege %\ld be borne 9 m9d4 #bj4 ,ord]s ( ! ,day4#aa ,a ,call = ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day 7:i*1 9 an ord9>y assembly1 is a dem& t ! assembly con=m to its program or ord] ( bus9ess7 c be made at any "t :5 no o!r privileg$ #ad motion is p5d+ & ! ord] ( bus9ess is be+ v>i$ f1 & only !n4 ,x requires no second1 & is 9 ord] :5 ano!r has ! floor1 ev5 ?\gh x int]rupts a spee*1 z a s+le memb] has a "r to dem& t ! ord] ( bus9ess be con=m$ to4 ,x is out ( ord] to call = ! ord]s ( ! day :5 !re is no v>iation f ! ord] ( bus9ess4 ,?us1 ! ord]s ( ! day _c be call$ = :5 ano!r "q is p5d+1 provid$ !re are no special ord]s made = t "t or an e>li] "t1 z g5]al ord]s _c int]rupt a "q actually "u consid]ation4 ,! call mu/ be simply = ! ord]s ( ! day1 & n = a specifi$ "o1 z ! latt] has no privilege4 ,:5 ! "t has arriv$ = :i* a special ord] has be5 made1 a call = ! ord]s ( ! day takes prec$5ce ( ev]y?+ except ! o!r privileg$ motions1 namely1 ^? relat+ to adj\rnm5t & recess1 & que/ions ( privilege1 to :i* x yields4 ,if !re are no special ord]s a call = ! ord]s ( ! day _c int]rupt a p5d+ "q2 b1 if made :5 no "q is p5d+1 x is 9 ord] ev5 :5 ano!r has ! floor & has made a ma9 motion1 provid$ ! *air has n /at$ ! "q4 ,until ! "t ( actually tak+ up ! g5]al ord]s = consid]ation ?is call yields to a motion to reconsid]1 or to a call+ up ( a motion to reconsid]1 previ\sly made4 ,a call = ! ord]s ( ! day _c be debat$ or am5d$1 or h any o!r subsidi>y motion appli$ to x4 #aa ,:ile ,congress reta9s ! call = ! ord]s ( ! day 9 its li/ ( privileg$ motions1 x has ab&on$ ! use ( ord]s ( ! day1 hav+1 in/ead1 a detail$ ord] ( bus9ess ) sev]al cal5d>s4 ,x reta9s special ord]s :i* may be made by a two-?irds vote4 ,x is ! duty ( ! *air to ann\nce ! bus9ess to come be=e ! assembly 9 its prop] ord]1 & if he always p]=ms ?is duty !re w be no occasion = call+ = ! ord]s ( ! day4 ,b !re are occasions :5 ! *air fails to notice t ! "t assign$ = a special ord] has arriv$1 or he ?9ks t ! assembly is s int]e/$ 9 ! p5d+ "q t x does n wi% yet to take up ! special ord] assign$ = t "t1 & !re=e delays ann\nc+ x4 ,9 su* a case1 z already /at$1 any memb] has a "r to call = ! ord]s ( ! day1 & ?us compel ! *air ei!r to ann\nce ! ord] or else put ! "q1 8,w ! assembly proce$ to ! ord]s ( ! day80 ,to refuse to take up ! ord]s at ! appo9t$ "t is an int]f]5ce ) ! ord] ( bus9ess simil> to susp5d+ ! rules & %\ld require ! same vote--namely1 two-?irds4 ,9 o!r words1 a two-?irds vote 9 ! negative is necess>y to prev5t proce$+ to ! ord]s ( ! day4 ,if ! assembly refuses to proce$ to ! ord]s ( ! day ! ord]s _c be call$ = aga9 until ! p5d+ bus9ess is dispos$ (4 ,:5 ! ord]s ( ! day are ann\nc$1 or :5 !y are call$ =1 if x is desir$ to prolong ! discussion ( ! p5d+ "q1 "s "o %\ld move t ! "t = consid]+ ! p5d+ "q be ext5d$ a c]ta9 numb] ( m9utes4 ,a two-?irds vote is requir$ = ! adoption ( ?is motion z x *anges ! ord] ( bus9ess or program4 ,aft] ! ord] has be5 ann\nc$ & ! "q is actually p5d+1 x is debatable & may be am5d$ or h any o!r subsidi>y motion appli$ to x ! same z any o!r ma9 motion4 ,! ord]s ( ! day 9 a mass _c be laid on ! table or po/pon$1 b :5 an ord] has be5 actually tak5 up x may1 by a majority vote1 be laid on ! table1 or po/pon$1 or committ$1 s t1 if !re is no o!r ord] to int]f]e1 ! consid]ation ( ! "q previ\sly p5d+ w be resum$4 ,:5ev] ! ord]s ( ! day are dispos$ (1 ! consid]ation ( ! int]rupt$ bus9ess is tak5 up at ! po9t :]e x 0 int]rupt$ by ! call = ! ord]s ( ! day4 ,by susp5d+ ! rules by a two-?irds vote any "q may be tak5 up out ( its prop] ord]4 ,ord]s ( ! ,day4 ,:5 "o or m subjects h be5 assign$ to a p>ticul> day or h\r 7by po/pon+ !m to1 or mak+ !m special ord]s =1 t day or h\r1 or by adopt+ a program or ord] ( bus9ess71 !y become ! ord]s ( ! day = t day or h\r1 & !y _c be consid]$ be=e t "t1 except by a two-?irds vote4 ,!y are divid$ into ,g5]al ,ord]s & ,special ,ord]s1 ! latt] always tak+ prec$5ce ( ! =m]4 ,a ,g5]al ,ord] is usually made by simply po/pon+ a "q to a c]ta9 day or h\r1 or aft] a c]ta9 ev5t4 ,x does n susp5d any rule1 & !re=e _c int]rupt bus9ess4 ,b aft] ! appo9t$ h\r has arriv$ x has ! pref]5ce1 :5 no "q is p5d+1 ov] all o!r que/ions except special ord]s & reconsid]ation4 ,x _c be consid]$ be=e ! appo9t$ "t except by a reconsid]ation or by a two-?irds vote4 ,:5 ! ord] ( bus9ess provides = ord]s ( ! day1 que/ions simply po/pon$ to a meet+1 )\t specify+ ! h\r1 come up "u t head4 ,if no provision is made = ord]s ( ! day1 !n su* po/pon$ que/ions come up aft] ! disposal ( ! bus9ess p5d+ at ! previ\s adj\rnm5t1 & aft] ! que/ions on ! cal5d> t 7 n dispos$ ( at ! previ\s meet+4 ,an ord] ( bus9ess t specifies ! ord] 9 :i*1 b n ! "t :51 ! bus9ess %all be transact$1 toge!r ) ! po/pon$ que/ions con/itutes ! g5]al ord]s4 ,?is ord] _c be v>i$ f except by g5]al cons5t or by susp5d+ ! rules by a two-?irds vote4 ,if all ( ?is bus9ess is n dispos$ ( be=e adj\rnm5t1 x becomes 8unf9i%$ bus9ess10 & is treat$ z unf9i%$ bus9ess1 z expla9$ 9 #ag "u ,! ,effect ,^u ,unf9i%$ ,bus9ess ( an ,adj\rnm5t4 ,z g5]al ord]s _c int]rupt ! consid]ation ( a p5d+ "q1 x foll[s t any g5]al ord] made = an e>li] h\r1 ?\gh made aft]w>ds1 by n be+ dispos$ ( 9 "t may int]f]e ) ! g5]al ord] previ\sly made4 ,!re=e1 g5]al ord]s mu/ take prec$5ce among !mselves 9 ! ord] ( ! times to :i* !y 7 po/pon$1 reg>dless ( :5 ! g5]al ord] 0 made4 ,if sev]al are appo9t$ = ! same "t1 !n !y take prec$5ce 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y 7 made4 ,if sev]al appo9t$ = ! same "t 7 made at ! same "t1 !n !y take prec$5ce 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y 7 arrang$ 9 ! motion mak+ ! g5]al ord]4 ,to ,make a ,special ,ord] requires a two-?irds vote1 because x susp5ds all rules t int]f]e ) its consid]ation at ! specifi$ "t1 except ^? relat+ to motions = adj\rnm5t or recess1 or to que/ions ( privilege1 or to special ord]s made be=e x 0 made4 ,a p5d+ "q is made a special ord] = a future "t by 8,po/pon+ x & mak+ x a special ord] = t "t40 ,see ,po/pone to a ,c]ta9 ,"t1 #ca1 :i* %\ld be read 9 connection ) ?is section4 ,if ! "q is n p5d+1 ! motion to make x a special ord] = a c]ta9 "t is a ma9 motion1 debatable1 am5dable1 etc4 ,! memb] desir\s ( mak+ x a special ord] %\ld obta9 ! floor :5 no?+ is p5d+1 & bus9ess ( t class1 or new bus9ess1 is 9 ord]1 & say1 8,i move t ! foll[+ resolution be made ! special ord] = specify+ ! "t10 & !n reads ! resolution & h&s x to ! *air4 ,or he may adopt ?is =m3 8,i (f] ! foll[+ resolution1 & move t x be made a special ord] = ! next meet+40 ,or1 9 case a committee has be5 appo9t$ to submit a revision ( ! con/itution1 ! foll[+ resolution may be adopt$3 8,resolv$1 ,t ! revision ( ! con/itution be made ! special ord] = ,?ursday morn+ & !reaft] until x is dispos$ (40 ,ano!r way ( mak+ special ord]s is by adopt+ a program1 or ord] ( bus9ess1 9 :i* is specifi$ ! h\r = tak+ up ea* topic4 ,program4 ,x is cu/om>y to adopt a program1 or ord] ( bus9ess1 9 conv5tions 9 session = sev]al days4 ,s9ce ! delegates & invit$ speak]s come f a di/ance1 x is v important t ! program be /rictly adh]$ to4 ,no *ange c be made 9 x aft] its adoption by ! assembly1 except by a two-?irds vote4 ,:5 ! h\r assign$ to a c]ta9 topic arrives1 ! *air puts to vote any que/ions p5d+ & ann\nces ! topic = ! h\r4 ,?is is done because1 "u su* circum/ances1 ! =m ( ! program implies t ! h\r1 or o!r "t1 assign$ to ea* topic is all t c be all[$4 ,b1 if any "o moves to lay ! "q on ! table1 or po/pone x to a c]ta9 "t1 or ref] x to a committee1 ! *air %\ld recognize ! motion & imm$iately put x to vote )\t debate4 ,%\ld any "o move to ext5d ! "t allott$ ! p5d+ "q1 x %\ld be decid$ in/antly )\t debate1 a two-?irds vote be+ necess>y = ! ext5sion4 ,x is seldom t an ext5sion is desirable1 z x is unfair to ! next topic4 ,:5 an invit$ speak] exce$s 8 "t x is extremely disc\rte\s to call = ! ord]s ( ! day4 ,! *air %\ld h an und]/&+ ) invit$ speak]s z to h[ he w indicate ! expiration ( _! "t4 ,?is c be done by tapp+ on a book or a bell4 ,x is usually bett] to h x und]/ood t ! signal w be giv5 "o m9ute be=e ! "t expires1 or long] if ! speak] wi%es x1 s t he c prop]ly close 8 address4 ,at ! expiration ( ! "t ! presid+ (fic] %\ld rise & attract ! att5tion ( ! speak] &1 if he /ill cont9ues speak+1 ! *air %\ld say t ! "t has expir$1 etc4 ,a s]ies ( special ord]s made by a s+le vote is treat$ ! same z a program--t is1 at ! h\r assign$ to a p>ticul> subject x int]rupts ! "q assign$ to ! previ\s h\r4 ,if x is desir$ to cont9ue ! discussion ( ! p5d+ topic at ano!r "t1 x c be laid on ! table or po/pon$ until aft] ! close ( ! int]rupt+ "q1 by a majority vote4 ,special ,ord]s made at diff]5t times = specifi$ h\rs4 ,:5 special ord]s t h be5 made at diff]5t times come into conflict1 ! "o t 0 fir/ made takes prec$5ce ( all special ord]s made aft]w>ds1 ?\gh ! latt] 7 made = an e>li] h\r4 ,no special ord] c be made s z to int]f]e ) "o previ\sly made4 ,by reconsid]+ ! vote mak+ ! fir/ special ord]1 !y c be arrang$ 9 ! ord] desir$4 ,suppose1 aft] a special ord] has be5 made = #c ,p4,m41 "o is made = #b ,p4,m41 & /ill lat] "o is made = #d ,p4,m42 if ! #b ,p4,m4 ord] is p5d+ at #c ,p4,m41 ! ord] = #c ,p4,m41 hav+ be5 made fir/1 int]rupts x & cont9ues1 if n previ\sly dispos$ (1 beyond #d ,p4,m41 reg>dless ( ! special ord] = t h\r4 ,:5 x1 ! #c ,p4,m4 ord]1 is dispos$ (1 ! special ord] = #b ,p4,m4 is resum$ ev5 if x is aft] #d o'clock1 because ! #b ,p4,m4 ord] 0 made be=e ! #d ,p4,m4 ord]4 ,! only exception to ?is rule is 9 ! case ( ! h\r fix$ = recess or adj\rnm5t4 ,:5 t h\r arrives ! *air ann\nces x & decl>es ! assembly adj\rn$1 or 9 recess1 ev5 ?\gh !re is a special ord] p5d+ t 0 made be=e ! h\r = recess or adj\rnm5t 0 fix$4 ,:5 ! *air ann\nces ! h\r1 any "o c move to po/pone ! "t = adj\rnm5t1 or to ext5d ! "t = consid]+ ! p5d+ "q a c]ta9 numb] ( m9utes4 ,^! motions are undebatable1 & require a two-?irds vote4 ,special ,ord]s :5 only ! day or meet+ is specifi$4 ,(t5 subjects are made special ord]s = a meet+ )\t specify+ an h\r4 ,if ! ord] ( bus9ess provides = ord]s ( ! day1 !y come up "u t head1 tak+ prec$5ce ( g5]al ord]s4 ,if !re is no provision = ord]s ( ! day1 !y come up "u unf9i%$ bus9ess--t is1 be=e new bus9ess4 ,if !re is no ord] ( bus9ess1 !n !y may be call$ up at any "t aft] ! m9utes are dispos$ (4 ,! ,special ,ord] = a ,meet+4 ,sometimes a subject is made ! special ord] = a meet+1 z = ,tuesday morn+ 9 a conv5tion1 9 :i* case x is ann\nc$ by ! *air z ! p5d+ bus9ess imm$iately aft] ! disposal ( ! m9utes4 ,?is p>ticul> =m is us$ :5 x is desir$ to devote an entire meet+1 or s mu* ( x z is necess>y1 to consid]+ a special subject1 z ! revision ( ! by-laws4 ,?is =m ( a special ord] %\ld take prec$5ce ( ! o!r =ms ( special ord]s4 ,x is debatable & am5dable4 ,art4 ,,iv4 ,incid5tal ,motions4 ,see #ac = a li/ & ! g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ^! motions4 #ba4 ,que/ions ( ,ord] & ,appeal4 ,a ,"q ( ,ord] takes prec$5ce ( ! p5d+ "q out ( :i* x arises2 is 9 ord] :5 ano!r has ! floor1 ev5 int]rupt+ a spee* or ! read+ ( a report2 does n require a second2 _c be am5d$ or h any o!r subsidi>y motion appli$ to x2 yields to privileg$ motions & ! motion to lay on ! table2 & mu/ be decid$ by ! presid+ (fic] )\t debate1 unless 9 d\btful cases he submits ! "q to ! assembly = decision1 9 :i* case x is debatable :5ev] an appeal w\ld be4 ,be=e r5d]+ 8 decision he may reque/ ! advice ( p]sons ( exp]i5ce1 :i* advice or op9ion %\ld usually be giv5 sitt+ to avoid ! appe>ance ( debate4 ,if ! *air is /ill 9 d\bt1 he may submit ! "q to ! assembly = its decision 9 a mann] simil> to ?is3 8,mr4 ,a raises ! po9t ( ord] t ! am5dm5t j (f]$ /ate ! am5dm5t is n g]mane to ! resolution4 ,! *air is 9 d\bt1 & submits ! "q to ! assembly4 ,! "q is1 #8,is ! am5dm5t g]mane to ! resolution8'0 ,z no appeal c be tak5 f ! decision ( ! assembly1 ?is "q is op5 to debate :5ev] an appeal w\ld be1 if ! *air decid$ ! "q & an appeal 7 made f t decision4 ,!re=e1 x is debatable except :5 x relates to indecorum1 or transgression ( ! rules ( speak+1 or to ! priority ( bus9ess1 or :5 x is made dur+ a division ( ! assembly1 or :ile an undebatable "q is p5d+4 ,! "q is put ?us3 8,z _m z are ( op9ion t ! am5dm5t is g]mane or t ! po9t is well tak5 say aye2 z _m z are ( a contr>y op9ion say no4 ,! ayes h x1 ! am5dm5t is 9 ord]1 & ! "q is on its adoption40 ,if ! negative vote is ! l>g] x w\ld be ann\nc$ ?us3 8,! noes h x1 ! am5dm5t is out ( ord]1 & ! "q is on ! adoption ( ! resolution40 ,:5ev] ! presid+ (fic] decides a "q ( ord]1 he has ! "r1 )\t leav+ 8 *air1 to /ate ! reasons = 8 decision1 & any two memb]s h ! "r to appeal f ! decision1 "o mak+ ! appeal & ! o!r second+ x4 ,x is ! duty ( ! presid+ (fic] to en=ce ! rules & ord]s ( ! assembly1 )\t debate or delay4 ,x is also ! "r ( e memb] :o notices ! brea* ( a rule1 to insi/ ^u its en=cem5t4 ,9 su* a case he rises f 8 seat & says1 8,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i rise to a po9t ( ord]40 ,! speak] imm$iately takes 8 seat1 & ! *airman reque/s ! memb] to /ate 8 po9t ( ord]1 :i* he does & resumes 8 seat4 ,! *air decides ! po9t1 & !n1 if no appeal is tak5 & ! memb] has n be5 guilty ( any s]i\s brea* ( decorum1 ! *air p]mits him to resume 8 spee*4 ,b1 if 8 rem>ks are decid$ to be improp] & any "o objects1 he _c cont9ue )\t a vote ( ! assembly to t effect4 ,see #dc = a full treatm5t ( ?is subject ( indecorum 9 debate4 ,! "q ( ord] mu/ be rais$ at ! "t ! brea* ( ord] occurs1 s t aft] a motion has be5 discuss$ x is too late to raise ! "q z to :e!r x 0 9 ord]1 or = ! *air to rule ! motion out ( ord]4 ,! only exception is :]e ! motion is 9 violation ( ! laws1 or ! con/itution1 by-laws1 or /&+ rules ( ! organization1 or ( fundam5tal p>liam5t>y pr9ciples1 s t if adopt$ x w\ld be null & void4 ,9 su* cases x is nev] too late to raise a po9t ( ord] aga9/ ! motion4 ,?is is call$ rais+ a "q1 or po9t1 ( ord]1 because ! memb] 9 effect puts to ! *air1 ^: duty x is to en=ce ord]1 ! "q z to :e!r !re is n n[ a brea* ( ord]4 ,in/ead ( ! me?od j describ$1 x is usual1 :5 x is simply a case ( improp] language us$ 9 debate1 = ! *air to call ! speak] to ord]1 or = a memb] to say1 8,i call ! g5tleman to ord]40 ,! *airman decides :e!r ! speak] is 9 or out ( ord]1 & proce$s z be=e4 ,appeal4 ,an appeal may be made f any decision ( ! *air 7except :5 ano!r appeal is p5d+71 b x c be made only at ! "t ! rul+ is made4 ,x is 9 ord] :ile ano!r memb] has ! floor4 ,if any debate or bus9ess has int]v5$ x is too late to appeal4 ,an answ] to a p>liam5t>y inquiry is n a decision1 & !re=e _c be appeal$ f4 ,:ile an appeal is p5d+ a "q ( ord] may be rais$1 :i* ! *air decides p]emptorily1 !re be+ no appeal f ?is decision4 ,b ! "q z to ! correctness ( ! rul+ c be br\ght up aft]w>ds :5 no o!r bus9ess is p5d+4 ,an appeal yields to privileg$ motions1 & to ! motion to lay on ! table4 ,! effect ( subsidi>y motions is z foll[s3 ,an appeal _c be am5d$4 ,if ! decision f :i* an appeal is tak5 is ( su* a nature t ! rev]sal ( ! rul+ w\ld n 9 any way affect ! consid]ation (1 or action on1 ! ma9 "q1 !n ! ma9 "q does n adh]e to ! appeal1 & its consid]ation is resum$ z soon z ! appeal is laid on ! table1 po/pon$1 etc4 ,b if ! rul+ affects ! consid]ation (1 or action on1 ! ma9 "q1 !n ! ma9 "q adh]es to ! appeal1 & :5 ! latt] is laid on ! table1 or po/pon$1 ! ma9 "q goes ) x4 ,?us1 if ! appeal is f ! decision t a propos$ am5dm5t is out ( ord] & ! appeal is laid on ! table1 x w\ld be absurd to come to f9al action on ! ma9 "q & !n aft]w>ds rev]se ! decision ( ! *air & take up ! am5dm5t :5 !re 0 no "q to am5d4 ,! vote on an appeal may be reconsid]$4 ,an appeal _c be debat$ :5 x relates simply to indecorum1 or to transgression ( ! rules ( speak+1 or to ! priority ( bus9ess1 or if made dur+ a division ( ! assembly1 or :ile ! imm$iately p5d+ "q is undebatable4 ,:5 debatable1 z x is 9 all o!r cases1 no memb] is all[$ to speak m ?an once except ! presid+ (fic]1 :o may at ! close ( ! debate answ] ! argum5ts aga9/ ! decision4 ,:e!r debatable or n1 ! *airman :5 /at+ ! "q on ! appeal may1 )\t leav+ ! *air1 /ate ! reasons = 8 decision4 ,:5 a memb] wi%es to appeal f ! decision ( ! *air he rises z soon z ! decision is made1 ev5 ?\gh ano!r has ! floor1 & )\t wait+ to be recogniz$ by ! *air1 says1 8,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i appeal f ! decision ( ! *air40 ,if ?is appeal is second$1 ! *air %\ld /ate cle>ly ! "q at issue1 & 8 reasons = ! decision if he ?9ks x necess>y1 & !n /ate ! "q ?us3 8,! "q is1 #8,%all ! decision ( ! *air /& z ! judgm5t ( ! assembly or society1 or club1 etc48'0 or1 8,%all ! decision ( ! *air be su/a9$80 ,to put ! "q he w\ld say1 8,^? 9 ! affirmative say aye10 & aft] ! affirmative vote has be5 tak5 he w\ld say1 8,^? 9 ! negative say no4 ,! ayes h x & ! decision ( ! *air is su/a9$ or /&s z ! judgm5t ( ! assembly40 ,or1 8,! noes h x & ! decision ( ! *air is rev]s$40 ,9 ei!r case he imm$iately ann\nces :at is be=e ! assembly z ! result ( ! vote4 ,if !re is a tie vote ! *air is su/a9$1 & if ! *air is a memb] ( ! assembly he may vote to make x a tie1 on ! pr9ciple t ! decision ( ! *air /&s until rev]s$ by a majority1 includ+ ! *airman if he is a memb] ( ! assembly4 ,9 /at+ ! "q1 ! ^w 8assembly0 %\ld be replac$ by 8society10 or 8club10 or 8bo>d10 etc41 z ! case may be4 ,! ann\ncem5t ( a vote is n a decision ( ! *air4 ,if a memb] d\bts ! correctness ( ! ann\ncem5t he _c appeal1 b %\ld call = a 8,division0 #be4 #bb4 ,susp5sion ( ! ,rules4#ab ,! motion to susp5d ! rules may be made at any "t :5 no "q is p5d+2 or :ile a "q is p5d+1 provid$ x is = a purpose connect$ ) t "q4 ,x yields to all ! privileg$ motions 7except a call = ! ord]s ( ! day71 to ! motion to lay on ! table1 & to incid5tal motions aris+ out ( itself4 ,x is undebatable & _c be am5d$ or h any o!r subsidi>y motion appli$ to x1 nor c a vote on x be reconsid]$1 nor c a motion to susp5d ! rules = ! same purpose be r5ew$ at ! same meet+ except by unanim\s cons5t1 ?\gh x may be r5ew$ aft] an adj\rnm5t1 ev5 if ! next meet+ is held ! same day4 #ab ,9 ,congress ! =m] practice 0 to susp5d ! rule z to ! ord] ( bus9ess 9 ord] to consid] a p>ticul> bill1 b n[ x is cu/om>y 8to susp5d ! rule & pass0 ! resolution or bill4 ,h4 ,r4 ,rule #bg conta9s ! foll[+3 8#a4 ,no rule %all be susp5d$ except by a vote ( two-?irds ( ! memb]s vot+1 a quorum be+ pres5t2 nor %all ! ,speak] ent]ta9 a motion to susp5d ! rules except on ! fir/ & ?ird ,mondays ( ea* mon?1 pref]5ce be+ giv5 on ! fir/ ,monday to individuals & on ! ?ird ,monday to committees1 & dur+ ! la/ six days ( a session4 8#b4 ,all motions to susp5d ! rules %all1 be=e be+ submitt$ to ! ,h\se1 be second$ by a majority by tell]s1 if dem&$4 8#c4 ,:5 a motion to susp5d ! rules has be5 second$1 x %all be 9 ord]1 be=e ! f9al vote is tak5 !reon1 to debate ! proposition to be vot$ ^u = =ty m9utes1 "o-half ( su* "t to be giv5 to debate 9 favor (1 & "o-half to debate 9 opposition to1 su* proposition2 & ! same "r ( debate %all be all[$ :5ev] ! previ\s "q has be5 ord]$ on any proposition on :i* !re has be5 no debate40 ,:5 ! assembly wi%es to d some?+ t _c be done )\t violat+ its own rules1 & yet x is n 9 conflict ) its con/itution1 or by-laws1 or ) ! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( p>liam5t>y law1 x 8susp5ds ! rules t int]f]e )0 ! propos$ action4 ,! object ( ! susp5sion mu/ be specifi$1 & no?+ else c be done "u ! susp5sion4 ,! rules t c be susp5d$ are ^? relat+ to priority ( bus9ess1 or to bus9ess proc$ure1 or to admission to ! meet+s1 etc41 & w\ld usually be compris$ "u ! heads ( rules ( ord]4 ,sometimes societies include 9 _! by-laws "s rules relat+ to ! transaction ( bus9ess )\t any int5tion1 evid5tly1 ( giv+ ^! rules any great] /ability ?an is possess$ by o!r rules ( _! class1 & !y may be susp5d$ ! same z if !y 7 call$ rules ( ord]4 ,a /&+ rule z def9$ 9 #fg may be susp5d$ by a majority vote4 ,b sometimes ! t]m 8/&+ rules0 is appli$ to :at are /rictly rules ( ord]1 & !n1 l rules ( ord]1 !y require a two-?irds vote = _! susp5sion4 ,no?+ t requires previ\s notice & a two-?irds vote = its am5dm5t c be susp5d$ by less ?an a two-?irds vote4 ,no rule c be susp5d$ :5 ! negative vote is z l>ge z ! m9ority protect$ by t rule2 nor c a rule protect+ abs5tees be susp5d$ ev5 by g5]al cons5t or a unanim\s vote4 ,= in/ance1 a rule requir+ notice ( a motion to be giv5 at a previ\s meet+ _c be susp5d$ by a unanim\s vote1 z x protects abs5tees :o d n give _! cons5t4 ,a rule requir+ (fic]s to be elect$ by ballot _c be susp5d$ by a unanim\s vote1 because ! rule protects a m9ority ( "o f expos+ 8 vote1 & ?is he mu/ d if he votes op5ly 9 ! negative1 or objects to giv+ g5]al cons5t4 ,nor c ?is result be accompli%$ by vot+ t ! ballot ( ! assembly be ca/ by ! secret>y or any "o else1 z ?is does away ) ! ess5tial pr9ciple ( ! ballot1 namely1 secrecy1 & is a susp5sion ( ! by-law1 & practically all[s a viva voce vote4 ,if x is desir$ to all[ ! susp5sion ( a by-law t _c be susp5d$ "u ^! rules1 !n x is necess>y to provide 9 ! by-laws = its susp5sion4 ,! ,=m ( ?is motion is1 8to susp5d ! rules t int]f]e )10 etc41 /at+ ! object ( ! susp5sion1 z1 8! consid]ation ( a resolution on 4444444410 :i* resolution is imm$iately (f]$ aft] ! rules are susp5d$1 ! *air recogniz+ = t purpose ! memb] t mov$ to susp5d ! rules4 ,or1 if x is desir$ to consid] a "q :i* has be5 laid on ! table1 & _c be tak5 up at t "t because t class ( bus9ess is n !n 9 ord]1 or to consid] a "q t has be5 po/pon$ to ano!r "t1 or t is 9 ! ord] ( bus9ess = ano!r "t1 !n ! motion may be made ?us1 8,i move to susp5d ! rules & take up or consid] ! resolution44440 ,:5 ! object is n to take up a "q = discussion b to adopt x )\t debate1 ! motion is made ?us3 8,i move to susp5d ! rules & adopt or agree to ! foll[+ resolution10 :i* is !n read3 or1 8,i move to susp5d ! rules1 & adopt or agree to ! resolution on44440 ,! same =m may be us$ 9 a case l ?is3 8,i move to susp5d ! rules1 & admit to ! privileges ( ! floor memb]s ( si/] societies10 :i* m]ely admits !m to ! hall4 ,in/ead ( a =mal motion to susp5d ! rules1 x is m usual to ask = g5]al cons5t to d ! p>ticul> bus9ess t is out ( ord]4 ,z soon z ! reque/ is made ! *air inquires if !re is any objection1 & if no "o objects1 he directs ! memb] to proce$ j z if ! rules _h be5 susp5d$ by a =mal vote4 ,see ,g5]al ,cons5t #dh4 #bc4 ,objection to ! ,consid]ation ( a ,"q4 ,an objection may be made to ! consid]ation ( any orig9al ma9 motion1 & to no o!rs1 provid$ x is made be=e !re is any debate or be=e any subsidi>y motion is /at$4 ,?us1 x may be appli$ to petitions & to communications t are n f a sup]ior body1 z well z to resolutions4 ,x _c be appli$ to incid5tal ma9 motions #aa1 su* z am5dm5ts to by-laws1 or to reports ( committees on subjects ref]r$ to !m1 etc4 ,x is simil> to a "q ( ord] 9 t x c be made :5 ano!r has ! floor1 & does n require a second2 & z ! *airman c call a memb] to ord]1 s he c put ?is "q1 if he deems x advisable1 ^u 8 own responsibility4 ,x _c be debat$1 or am5d$1 or h any o!r subsidi>y motion appli$ to x4 ,x yields to privileg$ motions & to ! motion to lay on ! table4 ,a negative1 b n an affirmative vote on ! consid]ation may be reconsid]$4#ac #ac ,9 ,congress ! introduction ( a "q may be prev5t$ tempor>ily by a majority vote "u ,h4 ,r4 ,rule #af1 #c1 :i* is z foll[s3 8#c4 ,:5 any motion or proposition is made1 ! "q1 ,w ! ,h\se n[ consid] x8 %all n be put unless dem&$ by a memb]40 ,if ! ,h\se refuses to consid] a bill ! vote _c be reconsid]$4 ,b ?is refusal does n prev5t ! "q's be+ aga9 introduc$ ! same session4 ,9 assemblies hav+ brief sessions la/+ usually only a few h\rs1 or at mo/ n ov] a week1 x is necess>y t ! assembly h ! p[] by a two-?irds vote to decide t a "q %all n be introduc$ dur+ t session4 ,z ! refusal to consid] ! "q prev5ts its r5ewal dur+ ! session1 ! vote may be reconsid]$4 ,:5 an orig9al ma9 motion is made & any memb] wi%es to prev5t its consid]ation1 he rises1 al?\gh ano!r has ! floor1 & says1 8,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i object to its consid]ation40 ,! *airman imm$iately puts ! "q1 8,! consid]ation ( ! "q has be5 object$ to3 ,w ! assembly consid] x8 or1 ,%all ! "q be consid]$80 ,if decid$ 9 ! negative by a two-?irds vote1 ! :ole matt] is dismiss$ = t session2 o!rwise1 ! discussion cont9ues z if ?is objection _h nev] be5 made4 ,! same "q may be introduc$ at any succe$+ session4 ,! ,object ( ?is motion is n to cut (f debate 7= :i* o!r motions are provid$7 b to enable ! assembly to avoid altoge!r any "q :i* x may deem irrelevant1 unpr(itable1 or cont5ti\s4 ,if ! *air consid]s ! "q entirely outside ! objects ( ! society1 he %\ld rule x out ( ord]1 f :i* decision an appeal may be tak54 ,objection to ! consid]ation ( a "q mu/ n be conf\nd$ ) object+ :]e unanim\s cons5t1 or a majority vote1 is requir$4 ,?us1 9 case ( ! m9ority ( a committee desir+ to submit _! views1 a s+le memb] say+1 8,i object10 prev5ts x1 unless ! assembly by a majority vote grants !m p]mission4 #bd4 ,division ( a ,"q1 & ,consid]ation by ,p>agraph4 ,division ( a ,"q4 #ad ,! motion to divide a "q c be appli$ only to ma9 motions & to am5dm5ts4 ,x takes prec$5ce ( no?+ b ! motion to po/pone indef9itely1 & yields to all privileg$1 incid5tal1 & subsidi>y motions except to am5d & to po/pone indef9itely4 ,x may be am5d$ b c h no o!r subsidi>y motion appli$ to x4 ,x is undebatable4 ,x may be made at any "t :5 ! "q to be divid$1 or ! motion to po/pone indef9itely1 is imm$iately p5d+1 ev5 aft] ! previ\s "q has be5 ord]$4 ,b x is pref]able to divide ! "q :5 x is fir/ introduc$4 ,:5 divid$ ea* resolution or proposition is consid]$ & vot$ on sep>ately1 ! same z if x _h be5 (f]$ alone4 ,! motion to adopt1 :i* 0 p5d+ :5 ! "q 0 divid$1 applies to all ! p>ts into :i* ! "q has be5 divid$ & %\ld n1 !re=e1 be repeat$4 ,! =mality ( a vote on divid+ ! "q is g5]ally disp5s$ )1 z x is usually arrang$ by g5]al cons5t4 ,b if ?is _c be done1 !n a =mal motion to divide is necess>y1 specify+ ! exact me?od ( division4 #ad ,section #f ( ,h4 ,r4 ,rule #af is z foll[s3 8#f4 ,on ! dem& ( any memb]1 be=e ! "q is put1 a "q %all be divid$ if x include propositions s di/9ct 9 sub/ance t "o be+ tak5 away a sub/antive proposition %all rema940 ,:5 a motion relat+ to a c]ta9 subject conta9s sev]al p>ts1 ea* ( :i* is capable ( /&+ z a complete proposition if ! o!rs are remov$1 x c be divid$ into two or m propositions to be consid]$ & vot$ on z di/9ct que/ions1 by ! assembly's adopt+ a motion to divide ! "q 9 a specifi$ mann]4 ,! motion mu/ cle>ly /ate h[ ! "q is to be divid$1 & any "o else may propose a diff]5t division1 & ^! diff]5t propositions1 or am5dm5ts1 %\ld be treat$ z fill+ blanks2 t is1 !y %\ld be vot$ on 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are made1 unless !y sugge/ diff]5t numb]s ( que/ions1 :5 ! l>ge/ numb] is vot$ on fir/4 ,if a resolution includes sev]al di/9ct propositions1 b is s writt5 t !y _c be sep>at$ )\t its be+ rewritt51 ! "q c n be divid$4 ,! division mu/ n require ! secret>y to d m ?an to me*anically sep>ate ! resolution into ! requir$ p>ts1 prefix+ to ea* "p ! words 8,resolv$1 ,t10 or 8,ord]$1 ,t10 & dropp+ conjunctions :5 necess>y1 & replac+ pron\ns by ! n\ns = :i* !y /&1 :]ev] ! division makes x necess>y4 ,:5 ! "q is divid$1 ea* sep>ate "q mu/ be a prop] "o = ! assembly to act ^u1 if none ( ! o!rs is adopt$4 ,?us1 a motion to 8commit ) in/ructions0 is indivisible2 because1 if divid$1 & ! motion to commit %\ld fail1 !n ! o!r motion1 to in/ruct ! committee1 w\ld be absurd1 z !re w\ld be no committee to in/ruct4 ,! motion to 8/rike out c]ta9 words & ins]t o!rs0 is /rictly "o proposition & !re=e indivisible4 ,if a s]ies ( indep5d5t resolutions relat+ to diff]5t subjects is includ$ 9 "o motion1 x mu/ be divid$ on ! reque/ ( a s+le memb]1 :i* reque/ may be made :ile ano!r has ! floor4 ,b h[ev] complicat$ a s+le proposition may be1 no memb] has a "r to insi/ ^u its division4 ,8 rem$y is to move t x be divid$1 if x is capable ( division1 or1 if n1 to move to /rike out ! objectionable p>ts4 ,a motion to /rike out a "n 9 a resolution br+s ! assembly to a vote on t "n j z well z w\ld a division ( ! "q1 if x 7 all[$ to g to t ext5t1 :i* x is n4 ,if a s]ies ( resolutions is propos$ z a sub/itute = ano!r s]ies1 su* a motion is incapable ( division2 b a motion c be made to /rike out any ( ! resolutions be=e ! vote is tak5 on ! sub/itution4 ,aft] !y h be5 sub/itut$ x is too late to /rike out any ( !m4 ,:5 a committee reports a numb] ( am5dm5ts to a resolution ref]r$ to x1 "o vote may be tak5 on adopt+1 or agree+ to1 all ! am5dm5ts provid$ no "o objects4 ,b if a s+le memb] reque/s sep>ate votes on "o or m ( ! am5dm5ts1 !y mu/ be consid]$ sep>ately4 ,! o!rs may all be vot$ on toge!r4 ,consid]ation by ,p>agraph or ,s]iatim4 ,:]e an elaborate proposition is submitt$1 l a s]ies ( resolutions on "o subject1 or a set ( by-laws1 ! p>ts be+ intimately connect$1 x %\ld n be divid$4 ,! division w\ld add greatly to ! difficulty ( p]fect+ ! diff]5t p>agraphs or by-laws by am5dm5ts4 ,if ! p>agraphs are adopt$ sep>ately1 & am5dm5ts to succe$+ p>agraphs make x necess>y to am5d a prec$+ "o1 x c be done only by fir/ reconsid]+ ! vote on ! prec$+ p>agraph4 ,9 ! case ( by-laws ! tr\ble is increas$1 because ea* by-law goes into effect z soon z adopt$1 & its am5dm5t is controll$ by any by-law or rule t may h be5 adopt$ on ! subject4 ,:5 ! p>agraphs are vot$ on sep>ately no vote %\ld be tak5 on ! :ole4 ,b 9 all su* cases ! prop] c\rse is to consid] ! proposition by p>agraph1 or section1 or resolution1 or1 z x is (t5 call$1 s]iatim4 ,! *air %\ld always adopt ?is c\rse :5 ! "q consi/s ( sev]al p>agraphs or resolutions1 unless he ?9ks ! assembly wi%es to act on !m imm$iately z a :ole1 :5 he asks if !y %all be tak5 up by p>agraph1 & ! matt] is settl$ in=mally4 ,%\ld ! *air neglect to take up ! proposition by p>agraph1 any "o may move t ! proposition be consid]$ by p>agraph1 or s]iatim4 ,! me?od ( proc$ure 9 act+ ^u a complicat$ report1 z1 a set ( by-laws1 or a s]ies ( resolutions t _c well be divid$1 is z foll[s1 ! ^w 8p>agraph0 be+ us$ to designate ! natural subdivisions1 :e!r !y are p>agraphs1 sections1 articles1 or resolutions4 ,! memb] submitt+ ! report1 hav+ obta9$ ! floor1 says t su* & su* a committee submits ! foll[+ report2 or1 t ! committee recomm5ds ! adoption ( ! foll[+ resolutions4 ,9 ei!r case he reads ! report1 or resolutions1 & moves _! adoption4 ,%\ld he neglect to move _! adoption ! *air %\ld call = su* a motion1 or he may assume ! motion & /ate ! "q accord+ly4 ,! *airman1 or ! secret>y1 or ! memb] :o report$ x1 z ! *air decides is = ! be/ int]e/ ( ! assembly1 !n reads ! fir/ p>agraph1 :i* is expla9$ by ! report+ memb]1 aft] :i* ! *air asks1 8,are !re any am5dm5ts to ?is p>agraph80 ,! p>agraph is !n op5 to debate & am5dm5t4 ,:5 no fur!r am5dm5ts are propos$ to ?is p>agraph1 ! *air says1 8,!re be+ no fur!r am5dm5ts to ?is p>agraph ! next w be read40 ,9 a simil> mann] ea* p>agraph 9 succession is read1 expla9$ if necess>y1 debat$1 & am5d$1 ! p>agraphs be+ am5d$ b n adopt$4 ,aft] all ! p>agraphs h be5 am5d$1 ! *air says ! entire by-law1 or pap]1 or resolution is op5 to am5dm5t1 :5 additional p>agraphs may be ins]t$ & any p>agraph may be fur!r am5d$4 ,:5 ! pap] is satisfactorily am5d$1 ! preamble1 if any1 is treat$ ! same way1 & !n a s+le vote is tak5 on ! adoption ( ! entire pap]1 report1 or s]ies ( resolutions4 ,if ! previ\s "q is ord]$ on a resolution1 or s]ies ( resolutions1 or on a set ( by-laws1 be=e ! preamble has be5 consid]$ x does n apply to ! preamble1 unless expressly s /at$1 because ! preamble _c be consid]$ until aft] debate has ceas$ on ! resolutions or by-laws4 ,x is n necess>y to am5d ! numb]s ( ! sections1 p>agraphs1 etc41 z x is ! duty ( ! secret>y to make all su* corrections :]e *anges are r5d]$ necess>y by am5dm5ts4 #be4 ,division ( ! ,assembly1 & o!r ,motions relat+ to ,vot+4 ,a ,division ( ! ,assembly #ae may be call$ =1 )\t obta9+ ! floor1 at any "t aft] ! "q has be5 put1 ev5 aft] ! vote has be5 ann\nc$ & ano!r has ! floor1 provid$ ! vote 0 tak5 viva voce1 or by %[ ( h&s1 & x is call$ = be=e ano!r motion has be5 made4 ,?is call1 or motion1 is made by say+1 8,i call = a division10 or 8,i d\bt ! vote10 or simply by call+ out1 8,division40 ,x does n require a second1 & _c be debat$1 or am5d$1 or h any o!r subsidi>y motion appli$ to x4 ,z soon z a division is call$ =1 ! *air proce$s aga9 to take ! vote1 ?is "t by hav+ ! affirmative rise1 & !n :5 !y are seat$ hav+ ! negative rise4 ,:ile any memb] has ! "r to insi/ ^u a ris+ vote1 or a division1 :]e !re is any "q z to ! vote be+ a true expression ( ! w ( ! assembly1 ! *air %\ld n p]mit ?is privilege to be abus$ to ! annoyance ( ! assembly1 by memb]s con/antly dem&+ a division :]e !re is a full vote & no "q z to :i* side is 9 ! majority4 ,x requires a majority vote to ord] ! vote to be c\nt$1 or to be tak5 by yeas & nays 7roll call7 or by ballot4 ,^! motions are incid5tal to ! "q t is p5d+ or has j be5 p5d+1 & _c be debat$4 ,:5 diff]5t me?ods are sugge/$ !y are usually treat$ n z am5dm5ts1 b l fill+ blanks1 ! vote be+ tak5 fir/ on ! "o tak+ ! mo/ "t4 ,9 practice ! me?od ( tak+ a vote is g5]ally agre$ ^u )\t ! =mality ( a vote4 #ae ,see foot note1 page #dj1 = ! rule ( ,congress4 ,:5 ! vote is tak5 by ballot dur+ a meet+ ( ! assembly1 z soon z ! *air ?9ks all h vot$ :o wi% to1 he inquires if all h vot$1 & if !re is no response he decl>es ! polls clos$1 & ! tell]s proce$ to c\nt ! vote4 ,if a =mal motion is made to close ! polls x %\ld n be recogniz$ until all h presumably vot$1 & !n x requires a two-?irds vote l motions to close debate or nom9ations4 ,if memb]s ent] aft]w>ds & x is desir$ to reop5 ! polls x c be done by a majority vote4 ,none ( ^! motions are debatable4 #bf4 ,motions relat+ to ,nom9ations4 ,if no me?od ( mak+ nom9ations is designat$ by ! by-laws or rules1 & ! assembly has adopt$ no ord] on ! subject1 any "o c make a motion prescrib+ ! me?od ( nom9ation = an (fice to be fill$4 ,if ! election is p5d+1 ?is motion is incid5tal to x2 if ! election is n p5d+1 x is an incid5tal ma9 motion4 ,x is undebatable & :5 x is an incid5tal motion x c h no subsidi>y motion appli$ to x except to am5d4 ,x yields to privileg$ motions4 ,! motion may provide = nom9ations be+ made by ! *air2 or f ! floor1 or op5 nom9ations z x is also call$2 or = a nom9at+ committee to be appo9t$2 or = nom9ations to be made by ballot2 or by mail4 ,see ,nom9ations & ,elections1 #ff4 ,clos+ & ,reop5+ ,nom9ations4 ,be=e proce$+ to an election1 if nom9ations h be5 made f ! floor or by a committee1 ! *air %\ld inquire if !re are any fur!r nom9ations4 ,if !re is no response he decl>es ! nom9ations clos$4 ,9 v l>ge bodies x is cu/om>y to make a motion to close nom9ations1 b until a reasonable "t has be5 giv51 ?is motion is n 9 ord]4 ,x is a ma9 motion1 incid5tal to ! nom9ations & elections1 _c be debat$1 c be am5d$ z to ! "t1 b c h no o!r subsidi>y motion appli$ to x4 ,x yields to privileg$ motions1 & requires a two-?irds vote z x deprives memb]s ( "o ( _! rights4 ,if = any reason x is desir$ to reop5 nom9ations x may be done by a majority vote4 ,?is motion is undebatable4 ,x c be am5d$ z to ! "t1 b no o!r subsidi>y motion c be appli$ to x4 ,x yields to privileg$ motions4 #bg4 ,reque/s ,gr[+ out ( ! ,bus9ess ( ! ,assembly4 ,dur+ ! meet+s ( a delib]ative assembly !re are occasions :5 memb]s wi% to obta9 in=mation1 or to d or to h done ?+s t necessitate _! mak+ a reque/4 ,among ^! are ! foll[+1 :i* w be treat$ sep>ately3 7a7 ,p>liam5t>y ,inquiry2 7b7 ,reque/ = ,in=mation2 7c7 ,leave to ,)draw a ,motion2 7d7 ,read+ ,pap]s2 7e7 ,to be ,excus$ f a ,duty2 7f7 ,= any o!r ,privilege4 7a7 ,p>liam5t>y ,inquiry4 ,a p>liam5t>y inquiry1 if x relates to a "q t requires imm$iate att5tion1 may be made :ile ano!r has ! floor1 or may ev5 int]rupt a spee*4 ,x %\ld n1 h[ev]1 be p]mitt$ to int]rupt a speak] any m ?an is necess>y to d ju/ice to ! inquir]4 ,x yields to privileg$ motions1 if !y 7 9 ord] :5 ! inquiry 0 made1 & x _c be debat$ or am5d$ or h any o!r subsidi>y motion appli$ to x4 ,! inquir] does n obta9 ! floor1 b rises & says1 8,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i rise to a p>liam5t>y inquiry40 ,! *airman asks him to /ate 8 inquiry1 & if he deems x p]t95t1 he answ]s x4 ,or1 if ! inquiry is made :5 ano!r has ! floor1 & !re is no necessity = answ]+ x until ! spee* is f9i%$1 ! *air may def] 8 answ] until ! speak] has clos$ 8 rem>ks4 ,:ile x is n ! duty ( ! *airman to answ] que/ions ( p>liam5t>y law 9 g5]al1 x is 8 duty :5 reque/$ by a memb]1 to answ] any que/ions on p>liam5t>y law p]t95t to ! p5d+ bus9ess t may be necess>y to enable ! memb] to make a suitable motion or to raise a po9t ( ord]4 ,! *airman is suppos$ to be famili> ) p>liam5t>y law1 :ile _m ( ! memb]s are n4 ,a memb] wi%+ to raise a po9t ( ord] & yet 9 d\bt1 %\ld rise to a p>liam5t>y inquiry & ask = in=mation4 ,or1 = in/ance1 he may wi% to h ! assembly act imm$iately on a subject t is 9 ! h&s ( a committee1 & he does n "k h[ to accompli% x2--8 rec\rse is a p>liam5t>y inquiry4 7b7 ,reque/ = ,in=mation4 ,a reque/ = in=mation relat+ to ! p5d+ bus9ess is treat$ j z a p>liam5t>y inquiry1 & has ! same privileges4 ,! inquir] rises & says1 8,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i rise = in=mation10 or1 8,i rise to a po9t ( in=mation10 :]eupon ! *air directs him to /ate ! po9t ^u :i* he desires in=mation1 & ! proc$ure cont9ues z 9 case ( a p>liam5t>y inquiry4 ,if ! in=mation is desir$ ( ! speak]1 in/ead ( ! *air1 ! inquir] ^u ris+ says1 8,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i %\ld l to ask ! g5tleman a "q40 ,! *airman inquires if ! speak] is will+ to be int]rupt$1 & if he cons5ts1 he directs ! inquir] to proce$4 ,! inquir] !n asks ! "q ?r\gh ! *air1 ?us1 8,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i %\ld l to ask ! g5tleman10 etc4 ,! reply is made 9 ! same way1 z x is n 9 ord] = memb]s to address "o ano!r 9 ! assembly4 ,:ile ea* speak] addresses ! *air1 ! *air rema9s sil5t dur+ ! conv]sation4 ,if ! speak] cons5ts to ! int]ruption ! "t consum$ is tak5 out ( 8 "t4 7c7 ,leave to ,)draw or ,modify a ,motion4 #af ,a reque/ = leave to )draw a motion1 or a motion to grant su* leave1 may be made at any "t be=e vot+ on ! "q has comm5c$1 ev5 ?\gh ! motion has be5 am5d$4 ,x requires no second4 ,x may be made :ile incid5tal or subsidi>y motions are p5d+1 & ^! motions cease to be be=e ! assembly :5 ! "q to :i* !y are incid5tal or subsidi>y is )drawn4 ,x yields to privileg$ motions1 & _c be am5d$ or h any o!r subsidi>y motion appli$ to x4 ,x is undebatable4 ,:5 x is too late to r5ew x1 ! motion to reconsid] _c be )drawn )\t unanim\s cons5t4 ,:5 a motion is )drawn1 ! effect is ! same z if x _h nev] be5 made4 ,until a motion is /at$ by ! *airman1 ! mov] may )draw or modify x )\t ask+ cons5t ( any "o4 ,if he modifies x ! second] may )draw 8 second4 ,aft] ! "q has be5 /at$ x is 9 possession ( ! assembly1 & he c nei!r )draw nor modify x )\t ! cons5t ( ! assembly4 ,:5 ! mov] reque/s p]mission to modify or )draw 8 motion1 ! *air asks if !re is any objection1 & if !re is none he ann\nces t ! motion is )drawn or modifi$ 9 su* & su* a way1 z ! case may be4 ,if any "o objects ! *air puts ! "q on grant+ ! reque/1 or a motion may be made to grant x4 ,9 case ! mov] ( a ma9 motion wi%es to accept an am5dm5t t has be5 (f]$1 )\t obta9+ ! floor1 he says1 8,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i accept ! am5dm5t40 ,if no objection is made ! *air ann\nces ! "q z am5d$4 ,if any "o objects1 ! *air /ates ! "q on ! am5dm5t1 z x c be accept$ only by g5]al cons5t4 ,a reque/ = leave to d any?+ is treat$ ! same z a motion to grant ! leave except t ! reque/ mu/ be made by ! mak] ( ! motion x is propos$ to modify1 :ile ! motion to grant ! leave is made by "s "o else & !re=e requires no second z x is favor$ by ! "o mak+ ! reque/4 #af ,9 ,congress a motion 8may be )drawn at any "t be=e a decision or am5dm5t40 ,h4 ,r4 ,rule #af1 #b4 ,! rule giv5 above1 :i* is 9 accordance ) ! common p>liam5t>y law1 is bett] adapt$ to ord9>y assemblies4 7d7 ,read+ ,pap]s4 ,if any memb] objects1 a memb] has no "r to read1 or h ! cl]k read1 f any pap] or book1 z a "p ( 8 spee*1 )\t ! p]mission ( ! assembly4 ,! reque/ or ! motion to grant su* p]mission yields to privileg$ motions4 ,x _c be debat$1 or am5d$1 or h any o!r subsidi>y motion appli$ to x4 ,x is cu/om>y1 h[ev]1 to all[ memb]s to read pr9t$ extracts z p>ts ( _! spee*es1 z long z !y d n abuse ! privilege4 ,:]e pap]s are laid be=e ! assembly1 e memb] has a "r to h !m read once1 or if !re is debate or am5dm5t he has ! "r to h !m read aga91 be=e he c be compell$ to vote on !m4 ,:5ev] a memb] asks = ! read+ ( any su* pap] evid5tly = in=mation1 & n = delay1 ! *air %\ld direct x to be read1 if no "o objects4 ,b a memb] has n ! "r to h any?+ read 7except+ z /at$ above7 )\t p]mission ( ! assembly4 ,if a memb] 0 abs5t f ! hall :5 ! pap] "u consid]ation 0 read1 ev5 ?\gh abs5t on duty1 he _c insi/ on its be+ aga9 read1 z ! conv5i5ce ( ! assembly is ( m importance ?an t ( a s+le memb]4 7e7 ,to be ,excus$ f a ,duty4 ,if a memb] is elect$ to (fice1 or appo9t$ on a committee1 or has any o!r duty plac$ on him1 & he is unable or unwill+ to p]=m ! duty1 if pres5t he %\ld decl9e x imm$iately1 & if abs5t he %\ld1 ^u le>n+ ( ! fact1 at once notify ! secret>y or presid5t orally or 9 writ+ t he _c accept ! duty4 ,9 mo/ organizations memb]s _c be compell$ to accept (fice or p]=m any duties n requir$ by ! by-laws1 & !re=e !y h ! "r to decl9e (fice4 ,b if a memb] does n imm$iately decl9e1 by 8 sil5ce he accepts ! (fice1 & is "u obligation to p]=m ! duty until !re has be5 a reasonable opportunity = 8 resignation to be accept$4 ,! secret>y1 = in/ance1 _c relieve himself f ! responsibility ( 8 (fice by resign+4 ,8 responsibility z secret>y does n cease until 8 resignation is accept$1 or1 at lea/1 until !re has be5 a reasonable "t = its acceptance4 ,x is seldom good policy to decl9e to accept a resignation4 ,z a memb] has no "r to cont9ue to hold an (fice ! duties ( :i* he _c or w n p]=m1 s a society has no "r to =ce an (fice on an unwill+ memb]4 ,:5 a memb] decl9es an (fice1 no motion is necess>y1 unless ! by-laws ( ! society make ! p]=mance ( su* duties obligatory ^u memb]s4 ,if ! memb] is pres5t at ! election1 ! vacancy is fill$ z if no "o _h be5 elect$4 ,if ! memb] 0 n pres5t at ! election1 :5 ! *air ann\nces 8 refusal to take ! (fice1 z x is a "q ( privilege relat+ to ! organization ( ! society1 ! election to fill ! vacancy may take place at once unless notice is requir$1 or o!r provision = fill+ vacancies is provid$ by ! by-laws4 ,9 ! case ( a resignation1 ! *air may at once /ate ! "q on accept+ x1 or a motion to t effect may be made4 ,9 ei!r case x is debatable & may h any subsidi>y motion appli$ to x4 ,x yields to privileg$ & incid5tal motions4 7f7 ,reque/ = ,any ,o!r ,privilege4 ,:5 any reque/ is to be made ! memb] rises & addresses ! *air1 & z soon z he cat*es ! eye ( ! *airman1 /ates at once :y he rises4 ,he %\ld rise z soon z a memb] yields ! floor1 &1 ?\gh ! floor is assign$ to ano!r1 he /ill makes 8 reque/4 ,he %\ld nev] int]rupt a memb] :ile speak+ unless he is sure t ! urg5cy ( ! case ju/ifies x4 ,z a rule all su* que/ions are settl$ by g5]al cons5t1 or in=mally1 b1 if objection is made1 a vote is tak54 ,an explanation may be reque/$ or giv51 b !re is no debate4 ,z ^! reque/s arise1 !y %\ld be treat$ s z to int]rupt ! proce$+s z little z is consi/5t ) ! dem&s ( ju/ice4 ,art4 ,v4 ,subsidi>y ,motions4 ,see #ab = a li/ & ! g5]al *>act]i/ics ( ^! motions4 #bh4 ,to ,lay on ! ,table4 ,?is motion takes prec$5ce ( all o!r subsidi>y #ab motions & ( su* incid5tal #ac que/ions z are p5d+ at ! "t x is made4 ,x yields to privileg$ #ad motions & su* motions z are incid5tal to itself4 ,x is undebatable & _c h any subsidi>y motion appli$ to x4 ,x may be appli$ to any ma9 #aa motion2 to any "q ( privilege or ord] ( ! day1 aft] x is be=e ! assembly = consid]ation2 to an appeal t does n adh]e to ! ma9 "q1 s t ! action on ! latt] w\ld n be affect$ by ! rev]sal ( ! *air's decision2 or to ! motion to reconsid] :5 imm$iately p5d+1 9 :i* case ! "q to be reconsid]$ goes to ! table also4 ,no motion t has ano!r motion adh]+ to x c be laid on ! table by itself2 if laid on ! table x c>ries ) x ev]y?+ t adh]es to x4 ,:5 a motion is tak5 f ! table #ce ev]y?+ is 9 ! same condition1 z f> z practicable1 z :5 ! motion 0 laid on ! table1 except t if n tak5 up until ! next session ! effect ( ! previ\s "q is exhau/$4 ,if debate has be5 clos$ by ord]+ ! previ\s "q1 or o!rwise1 up to ! mom5t ( tak+ ! la/ vote "u ! ord]1 ! que/ions /ill be=e ! assembly may be laid on ! table4 ,?us1 if1 :ile a resolution & an am5dm5t & a motion to commit are p5d+1 ! previ\s "q is ord]$ on ! s]ies ( que/ions1 & ! vote has be5 tak5 & lo/ on ! motion to commit1 x is 9 ord] to lay on ! table ! resolution1 :i* c>ries ) x ! adh]+ am5dm5t4 ,?is motion _c be appli$ to any?+ except a "q actually p5d+1 !re=e x is n 9 ord] to lay on ! table a class ( que/ions1 z ! ord]s ( ! day1 or unf9i%$ bus9ess1 or reports ( committees1 because !y are n p5d+ que/ions1 z only "o ma9 motion c be p5d+ at a "t4 ,to accompli% ! desir$ object1 :i* is evid5tly to rea* a special subject or class ( bus9ess1 ! prop] c\rse is to susp5d ! rules by a two-?irds vote & take up ! desir$ "q or class ( bus9ess4 ,sometimes :5 x is desir$ to pass ov] ! next ord] or class ( bus9ess1 t bus9ess is 8pass$10 z x is call$1 by g5]al cons5t4 ,9 su* case1 z soon z ! bus9ess = :i* x 0 8pass$0 is dispos$ (1 x is !n tak5 up4 ,by g5]al cons5t1 ! bus9ess to come be=e ! assembly may be consid]$ 9 any ord] ! assembly desires4 ,if a motion to lay on ! table has be5 made & lo/1 or if a "q laid on ! table has be5 tak5 f ! table1 x %[s t ! assembly wi%es to consid] ! "q n[1 & !re=e a motion made ! same day to lay t "q on ! table is out ( ord] until !re has be5 mat]ial progress 9 bus9ess or debate1 or unless an un=ese5 urg5t matt] requires imm$iate att5tion4 ,! assembly _c be requir$ to vote aga9 ! same day on lay+ ! "q on ! table unless !re is su* a *ange 9 ! /ate ( affairs z to make x a new "q4 ,motions relat+ to adj\rnm5t or recess1 made & lo/1 are n bus9ess ju/ify+ ! r5ewal ( ! motion to lay on ! table1 b ! r5ewal ( ! motion might be ju/ifi$ aft] a vote on an important am5dm5t1 or on ! motion to commit4 ,a vote on lay+ on ! table _c be reconsid]$1 because1 if lo/ ! motion may be r5ew$ z soon z !re has be5 mat]ial progress 9 debate or bus9ess1 or ev5 be=e if any?+ un=ese5 occurs ( su* an urg5t nature z to require imm$iate att5tion2 & if adopt$ ! "q may be tak5 f ! table z soon z ! int]rupt+ bus9ess has be5 dispos$ ( & :ile no "q is p5d+1 & bus9ess ( ?is class1 or new or unf9i%$ bus9ess1 is 9 ord]4 ,! ,=m ( ?is motion is1 8,i move to lay ! "q on ! table10 or1 8,t ! "q be laid on ! table10 or1 8,t ! "q lie on ! table40 ,x _c be qualifi$ 9 any way2 if x is qualifi$1 ?us1 8,to lay ! "q on ! table until #b ,p4,m410 ! *air %\ld /ate x prop]ly z a motion to po/pone until #b ,p4,m41 :i* is a debatable "q1 & n ! motion to lay on ! table4 ,! ,object #ag ( ?is motion is to enable ! assembly1 9 ord] to att5d to m urg5t bus9ess1 to lay aside ! p5d+ "q 9 su* a way t its consid]ation may be resum$ at ! w ( ! assembly z easily z if x 7 a new "q1 & 9 pref]5ce to new que/ions compet+ ) x = consid]ation4 ,x is to ! int]e/ ( ! assembly t ?is object %\ld be atta9$ in/antly by a majority vote1 & !re=e ?is motion mu/ ei!r apply to1 or take prec$5ce (1 e debatable motion :atev] its rank4 ,x is undebatable1 & requires only a majority vote1 not)/&+ ! fact t if n tak5 f ! table ! "q is suppress$4 ,^! are dang]\s privileges :i* are giv5 to no o!r motion ^: adoption w\ld result 9 f9al action on a ma9 motion4 ,!re is a great temptation to make an improp] use ( !m1 & lay que/ions on ! table = ! purpose ( in/antly suppress+ !m by a majority vote1 in/ead ( us+ ! previ\s "q1 ! legitimate motion to br+ ! assembly to an imm$iate vote4 ,! fundam5tal pr9ciples ( p>liam5t>y law require a two-?irds vote = e motion t suppresses a ma9 "q = ! session )\t free debate4 ,! motion to lay on ! table be+ undebatable1 & requir+ only a majority vote1 & hav+ ! highe/ rank ( all subsidi>y motions1 is 9 direct conflict ) ^! pr9ciples1 if us$ to suppress a "q4 ,if habitually us$ 9 ?is way1 x %\ld1 l ! o!r motions to suppress )\t debate1 require a two-?irds vote4 #ag ,! common p>liam5t>y law 9 reg>d to ?is motion is ?us laid d[n 9 ,section #cc ( ,jeff]son's ,manual1 ! au?ority 9 bo? ,h\ses ( ,congress3 8#d4 ,:5 ! ,h\se has some?+ else :i* claims its pres5t att5tion1 b w\ld be will+ to res]ve 9 _! p[] to take up a proposition :5ev] x %all suit !m1 !y ord] x to lie on _! table4 ,x may !n be call$ = at any "t40 ,b1 on acc\nt ( ! enorm\s numb] ( bills introduc$ ea* session & ! possibility ( consid]+ only a small fraction ( !m1 ,congress has be5 oblig$ to f9d "s way by :i* ! majority c quickly kill a bill4 ,! high rank & undebatability ( ?is motion enabl$ x to be us$ = ?is purpose by simply all[+ its mov] ! "r ( recognition 9 pref]5ce to ! memb] report+ ! bill1 & !n n all[+ a "q to be tak5 f ! table except "u a susp5sion ( ! rules 7unless x is a privileg$ matt]71 :i* requires a two-?irds vote4 ,?is complete revolution 9 ! use ( ! motion to lay on ! table r5d]s all ! practice ( ,congress 9 reg>d to ?is motion useless = any ord9>y delib]ative assembly4 ,x is ! extreme ( a 8gag law10 & is only ju/ifiable 9 an assembly :]e x is impossible to att5d to "o-t5? ( ! bills & resolutions introduc$4 ,9 ,congress1 to lay on ! table & ! previ\s "q require ! same vote 7a majority71 & 9 all ord9>y societies :]e to lay on ! table is habitually us$ to kill que/ions1 x %\ld require ! same vote z ! previ\s "q1 namely1 two-?irds4 ,! m9ority has no rem$y = ! unfair use ( ?is motion1 b ! evil c be slightly dim9i%$ z foll[s3 ,! p]son :o introduces a resolution is sometimes cut (f f speak+ by ! motion to lay ! "q on ! table be+ made z soon z ! *air /ates ! "q1 or ev5 be=e4 ,9 su* cases ! introduc] ( ! resolution %\ld always claim ! floor1 to :i* he is entitl$1 & make 8 spee*4 ,p]sons are commonly 9 su* a hurry to make ?is motion t !y neglect to address ! *air & ?us obta9 ! floor4 ,9 su* case "o ( ! m9ority %\ld address ! *air quickly1 & if n giv5 ! floor1 make ! po9t ( ord] t he is ! fir/ "o to address ! *air1 & t ! o!r memb]1 n hav+ ! floor1 0 n entitl$ to make a motion #c4 ,z motions laid on ! table are m]ely tempor>ily laid aside1 ! majority %\ld rememb] t ! m9ority may all /ay to ! mom5t ( f9al adj\rnm5t & !n be 9 ! majority1 & take up & pass ! resolutions laid on ! table4 ,!y may also take ! "q f ! table at ! next meet+ 9 societies hav+ regul> meet+s z frequ5tly z qu>t]ly4 ,! saf] & fair] me?od is to object to ! consid]ation ( ! "q if x is s objectionable t x is n desir$ to all[ ev5 its introduc] to speak on x2 or1 if !re has be5 debate s x _c be object$ to1 !n to move ! previ\s "q1 :i*1 if adopt$1 imm$iately br+s ! assembly to a vote4 ,^! are legitimate motions = gett+ at ! s5se ( ! memb]s at once z to :e!r !y wi% ! subject discuss$1 &1 z !y require a two-?irds vote1 no "o has a "r to object to _! be+ adopt$4 ,! ,effect ( ! adoption ( ?is motion is to place on ! table1 t is1 9 *>ge ( ! secret>y1 ! p5d+ "q & ev]y?+ adh]+ to x2 s1 if an am5dm5t is p5d+ to a motion to ref] a resolution to a committee1 & ! "q is laid on ! table1 all ^! que/ions g toge!r to ! table1 & :5 tak5 f ! table !y all come up toge!r4 ,an am5dm5t propos$ to any?+ already adopt$ is a ma9 motion1 & !re=e :5 laid on ! table1 does n c>ry ) x ! ?+ propos$ to be am5d$4 ,a "q ( privilege may be laid on ! table )\t c>ry+ ) x ! "q x int]rupt$4 ,9 legislative bodies1 & all o!rs t d n h regul> sessions z (t5 z qu>t]ly1 que/ions laid on ! table rema9 !re = t entire session1 unless tak5 up be=e ! session closes4 ,9 delib]ative bodies ) regul> sessions z frequ5t z qu>t]ly1 ! sessions usually are v %ort & que/ions laid on ! table rema9 !re until ! close ( ! next regul> session1 if n tak5 up e>li]3 j z 9 ! same assemblies a "q c be po/pon$ to ! next session1 & ! effect ( ! motion to reconsid]1 if n call$ up1 does n t]m9ate until ! close ( ! next session4 ,! reasons = any "o ( ^! rules apply ) ne>ly equal =ce to ! o!rs4 ,:ile a "q is on ! table no motion on ! same subject is 9 ord] t w\ld 9 any way affect ! "q t is on ! table2 x is necess>y fir/ to take ! "q f ! table & move ! new "o z a sub/itute1 or to make su* o!r motion z is adapt$ to ! case4 #bi4 ,! ,previ\s ,"q#ah takes prec$5ce ( all subsidi>y #ab motions except to lay on ! table1 & yields to privileg$ #ad & incid5tal #ac motions1 & to ! motion to lay on ! table4 ,x is undebatable1 & _c be am5d$ or h any o!r subsidi>y motion appli$ to x4 ,! effect ( an am5dm5t may be obta9$ by call+ =1 or mov+1 ! previ\s "q on a diff]5t set ( ! p5d+ que/ions 7:i* mu/ be consecutive & include ! imm$iately p5d+ "q71 9 :i* case ! vote is tak5 fir/ on ! motion :i* ord]s ! previ\s "q on ! l>ge/ numb] ( que/ions4 ,x may be appli$ to any debatable or am5dable motion or motions1 & if unqualifi$ x applies only to ! imm$iately p5d+ motion4 ,x may be qualifi$ s z to apply to a s]ies ( p5d+ que/ions1 or to a consecutive "p ( a s]ies beg9n+ ) ! imm$iately p5d+ "q4 ,x requires a two-?irds vote = its adoption4 ,aft] ! previ\s "q has be5 ord]$1 up to ! "t ( tak+ ! la/ vote "u x1 ! que/ions t h n be5 vot$ on may be laid on ! table1 b c h no o!r subsidi>y motions appli$ to !m4 ,an appeal made aft] ! previ\s "q has be5 dem&$ or ord]$ & be=e its exhau/ion1 is undebatable4 ,! previ\s "q1 be=e any vote has be5 tak5 "u x1 may be reconsid]$1 b n aft] its p>tial execution4 ,z no "o w\ld vote to reconsid] ! vote ord]+ ! previ\s "q :o 0 n oppos$ to ! previ\s "q1 x foll[s t if ! motion to reconsid] prevails1 x w be impossible to secure a two-?irds vote = ! previ\s "q1 &1 !re=e1 if x is vot$ to reconsid] ! previ\s "q x is consid]$ z reject+ t "q & plac+ ! bus9ess z x 0 be=e ! previ\s "q 0 mov$4 ,if a vote tak5 "u ! previ\s "q is reconsid]$ be=e ! previ\s "q is exhau/$1 !re c be no debate or am5dm5t ( ! proposition2 b if ! reconsid]ation is aft] ! previ\s "q is exhau/$1 !n ! motion to reconsid]1 z well z ! "q to be reconsid]$1 is dive/$ ( ! previ\s "q & is debatable4 ,if lo/1 ! previ\s "q may be r5ew$ aft] suffici5t progress 9 debate to make x a new "q4 #ah ,! previ\s "q is ! only motion us$ 9 ! ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives = clos+ debate4 ,x may be ord]$ by a majority vote4 ,if !re has be5 no previ\s debate on ! subject1 =ty m9utes ( debate1 to be equally divid$ betwe5 ^? oppos$ to & ^? 9 favor ( ! proposition1 is all[$ aft] ! previ\s "q has be5 ord]$4 ,! motion is n all[$ 9 ! ,s5ate4 ,h\se ,rule #ag is z foll[s3 8#a4 ,!re %all be a motion = ! previ\s "q1 :i*1 be+ ord]$ by a majority ( memb]s vot+1 if a quorum be pres5t1 %all h ! effect to cut (f all debate & br+ ! ,h\se to a direct vote ^u ! imm$iate "q or que/ions on :i* x has be5 ask$ & ord]$4 ,! previ\s "q may be ask$ & ord]$ ^u a s+le motion1 a s]ies ( motions all[able "u ! rules1 or an am5dm5t or am5dm5ts1 or may be made to embrace all au?oriz$ motions or am5dm5ts & include ! bill to its passage or rejection4 ,x %all be 9 ord]1 p5d+ ! motion =1 or aft] ! previ\s "q %all h be5 ord]$ on its passage1 = ! ,speak] to ent]ta9 & submit a motion to commit1 ) or )\t in/ructions1 to a /&+ or select committee4 8#b4 ,a call ( ! ,h\se %all n be 9 ord] aft] ! previ\s "q is ord]$1 unless x %all appe> ^u an actual c\nt by ! ,speak] t a quorum is n pres5t4 8#c4 ,all incid5tal que/ions ( ord] aris+ aft] a motion is made = ! previ\s "q1 & p5d+ su* motion1 %all be decid$1 :e!r on appeal or o!rwise1 )\t debate40 ,! ,=m ( ?is motion is1 8,i move or dem&1 or call = ! previ\s "q on "h specify ! motions on :i* x is desir$ to be ord]$40 ,z x _c be debat$ or am5d$1 x mu/ be vot$ on imm$iately4 ,! =m ( putt+ ! "q#ai is1 8,! previ\s "q is mov$ or dem&$1 or call$ = on specify ! motions on :i* ! previ\s "q is dem&$4 ,z _m z are 9 favor ( ord]+ ! previ\s "q on repeat ! motions w rise40 ,:5 !y are seat$ he cont9ues1 8,^? oppos$ w rise4 ,!re be+ two-?irds 9 favor ( ! motion1 ! affirmative has x & ! previ\s "q is ord]$ on repeat ! motions ^u :i* x is ord]$4 ,! "q is or recurs on /ate ! imm$iately p5d+ "q4 ,z _m z are 9 favor10 etc4 ,if ! previ\s "q is ord]$ ! *air imm$iately proce$s to put to vote ! que/ions on :i* x 0 ord]$ until all ! votes are tak51 or !re is an affirmative vote on po/pon+ def9itely or indef9itely1 or committ+1 ei!r ( :i* exhau/s ! previ\s "q4 ,if !re c be ! slighte/ d\bt z to ! vote ! *air %\ld take x aga9 imm$iately1 c\nt+ ea* side4 ,if less ?an two-?irds vote 9 ! affirmative1 ! *air ann\nces ! vote ?us3 8,!re n be+ two-?irds 9 favor ( ! motion1 ! negative has x & ! motion is lo/4 ,! "q is on10 etc41 ! *air /at+ ! "q on ! imm$iately p5d+ "q1 :i* is aga9 op5 to debate & am5dm5t1 ! same z if ! previ\s "q _h n be5 dem&$4 #ai ,! ,congressional =m ( putt+ ?is "q is1 8,! g5tleman f 444 dem&s ! previ\s "q4 ,z _m z are 9 favor ( ord]+ ! previ\s "q w say ,aye2 z _m z are oppos$ w say ,no40 ,! "q may be put 9 a =m simil> to ?is3 8,! previ\s "q has be5 mov$ on ! motion to commit & its am5dm5t4 ,z _m z are 9 favor ( n[ putt+ ! "q on ! motion to commit & its am5dm5t w rise2 ^? oppos$ w rise4 ,!re be+ two-?irds 9 favor ( ! motion1 ! debate is clos$ on ! motion to commit & its am5dm5t1 & ! "q is on ! am5dm5t10 etc4 ,:ile ?is =m is all[able1 yet x is bett] to con=m to ! regul> p>liam5t>y =m z giv5 above4 ,! ,object ( ! previ\s "q is to br+ ! assembly at once to a vote on ! imm$iately p5d+ "q & on su* o!r p5d+ que/ions z may be specifi$ 9 ! dem&4 ,x is ! prop] motion to use = ?is purpose1 :e!r ! object is to adopt or to kill ! proposition on :i* x is ord]$1 )\t fur!r debate or motions to am5d4 ,! ,effect #bj ( ord]+ ! previ\s "q is to close debate imm$iately1 to prev5t ! mov+ ( am5dm5ts or any o!r subsidi>y motions except to lay on ! table1 & to br+ ! assembly at once to a vote on ! imm$iately p5d+ "q1 & su* o!r p5d+ que/ions z 7 specifi$ 9 ! dem&1 or motion4 ,if ! previ\s "q is ord]$ on m ?an "o "q1 !n its effect ext5ds to ^? que/ions & is n exhau/$ until !y are vot$ on1 or !y are dispos$ ( z %[n bel[ "u exhau/ion ( ! previ\s "q4 ,if ! previ\s "q is vot$ d[n1 ! discussion cont9ues z if ?is motion _h n be5 made4 ,! effect ( ! previ\s "q does n ext5d beyond ! session 9 :i* x 0 adopt$4 ,%\ld any ( ! que/ions ^u :i* x 0 ord]$ come be=e ! assembly at a future session !y are dive/$ ( ! previ\s "q & are op5 to debate & am5dm5t4 #bj ,! =m] practice ( all[+ ! memb] report+ a bill f a committee to close ! debate ) a spee* aft] ! previ\s "q has be5 ord]$1 has be5 ab&on$ by ,congress4 ,! previ\s "q is ,exhau/$ dur+ ! session z foll[s3 7#a7 ,:5 ! previ\s "q is unqualifi$1 its effect t]m9ates z soon z ! vote is tak5 on ! imm$iately p5d+ "q4 7#b7 ,if ! previ\s "q is ord]$ on m ?an "o ( ! p5d+ que/ions its effect is n exhau/$ until all ( ! que/ions ^u :i* x has be5 ord]$ h be5 vot$ on1 or else ! effect ( ^? t h be5 vot$ on has be5 to commit ! ma9 "q1 or to po/pone x def9itely or indef9itely4 ,if1 be=e ! exhau/ion ( ! previ\s "q1 ! que/ions on :i* x has be5 ord]$ t h n be5 vot$ on are laid on ! table1 ! previ\s "q is n exhau/$ !reby1 s t :5 !y are tak5 f ! table dur+ ! same session1 !y are /ill "u ! previ\s "q & _c be debat$ or am5d$ or h any o!r subsidi>y motion appli$ to !m4 ,,note ,,on ,,! ,,previ\s ,,"q4--,mu* ( ! confusion h]et(ore exi/+ 9 reg>d to ! ,previ\s ,"q has aris5 f ! great *anges :i* ?is motion has und]gone4 ,z orig9ally design$1 & at pres5t us$ 9 ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t1 ! previ\s "q 0 n int5d$ to suppress debate1 b to suppress ! ma9 "q1 & !re=e1 9 ,engl&1 x is always mov$ by ! enemies ( ! measure1 :o !n vote 9 ! negative4 ,x 0 fir/ us$ 9 #afjd1 & 0 int5d$ to be appli$ only to delicate que/ions2 x 0 put 9 ?is =m1 8,%all ! ma9 "q be put80 & be+ negativ$1 ! ma9 "q 0 dismiss$ = t session4 ,its =m 0 aft]w>ds *ang$ to ?is1 :i* is us$ at pres5t1 8,%all ! ma9 "q be n[ put80 & if negativ$ ! "q 0 dismiss$1 at fir/ only until aft] ! ensu+ debate 0 ov]1 b n[1 = t day4 ,! motion = ! previ\s "q c\ld be debat$2 :5 once put to vote1 :e!r decid$ affirmatively or negatively1 x prev5t$ any discussion ( ! ma9 "q1 =1 if decid$ affirmatively1 ! ma9 "q 0 imm$iately put1 & if decid$ negatively 7t is1 t ! ma9 "q be n n[ put71 x 0 dismiss$ = ! day4 ,our ,congress has gradually *ang$ ! ,engli% ,previ\s ,"q into an entirely diff]5t motion1 s t1 :ile 9 ,engl&1 ! mov] ( ! previ\s "q votes aga9/ x1 9 ?is c\ntry he votes = x4 ,at fir/ ! previ\s "q 0 debatable2 if adopt$ x cut (f all motions except ! ma9 "q1 :i* 0 imm$iately put to vote2 & if reject$ ! ma9 "q 0 dismiss$ = t day z 9 ,engl&4 ,congress1 9 #ahje1 made x undebatable4 ,9 #ahdj ! rule 0 *ang$ s z n to cut (f am5dm5ts b to br+ ! ,h\se to a vote fir/ ^u p5d+ am5dm5ts1 & !n ^u ! ma9 "q4 ,9 #ahdh its effect 0 *ang$ aga9 s z to br+ ! ,h\se to a vote ^u ! motion to commit if x _h be5 made1 !n ^u am5dm5ts report$ by a committee1 if any1 !n ^u p5d+ am5dm5ts1 & f9ally ^u ! ma9 "q4 ,9 #ahfj ,congress decid$ t ! only effect ( ! previ\s "q1 if ! motion to po/pone 7 p5d+1 %\ld be to br+ ! ,h\se to a direct vote on ! po/ponem5t--?us prev5t+ ! previ\s "q f cutt+ (f any p5d+ motion4 ,9 #ahfj ! rule 0 modifi$ also s z to all[ x to be appli$ if s specifi$ to an am5dm5t or to an am5dm5t ( an am5dm5t1 )\t affect+ any?+ else1 & s t if ! previ\s "q 7 lo/ ! debate w\ld be resum$4 ,9 #ahhj ! rule 0 fur!r *ang$ s z to all[ x to be appli$ to s+le motions1 or to a s]ies ( motions1 ! motions to :i* x is to apply be+ specifi$ 9 ! dem&2 & #cj m9utes' debate1 equally divid$ betwe5 ! fri5ds & ! enemies ( ! proposition1 0 all[$ aft] ! previ\s "q _h be5 ord]$1 if !re _h be5 no debate previ\sly4 ,9 #ahij ! #cj m9utes' debate 0 *ang$ to #dj m9utes4 ,! previ\s "q n[ is simply a motion to close debate & proce$ to vot+ on ! imm$iately p5d+ "q & su* o!r p5d+ que/ions z x has be5 ord]$ ^u4 #cj4 ,limit or ,ext5d ,limits ( ,debate4 ,motions1 or ord]s1 to limit or ext5d ! limits ( debate1 l ! previ\s "q1 take prec$5ce ( all debatable motions1 may be appli$ to any debatable motion or s]ies ( motions1 &1 if n specifi$ to ! contr>y1 apply only to ! imm$iately p5d+ "q4 ,if x is vot$ to limit ! debate1 ! ord] applies to all incid5tal & subsidi>y motions & ! motion to reconsid]1 subsequ5tly made1 z long z ! ord] is 9 =ce4 ,b an ord] ext5d+ ! limits ( debate does n apply to any motions except ! imm$iately p5d+ "o & su* o!rs z are specifi$4 ,!y are undebatable1 & require a two-?irds vote = _! adoption4 ,^! motions may be am5d$1 b c h no o!r subsidi>y motion appli$ to !m4 ,!y yield to privileg$ #ad & incid5tal #ac motions1 & to ! motions to lay on ! table & = ! previ\s "q4 ,!y may be made only :5 ! imm$iately p5d+ "q is debatable4 ,:5 "o ( !m is p5d+1 ano!r "o t does n conflict ) x may be mov$ z an am5dm5t4 ,aft] "o ( ^! motions has be5 adopt$ x is 9 ord] to move ano!r "o ( !m1 provid$ x does n conflict ) ! "o 9 =ce4 ,?is motion to limit or ext5d ! limits ( debate may be reconsid]$ ev5 ?\gh ! ord] has be5 p>tially execut$1 & if lo/ x may be r5ew$ aft] !re has be5 suffici5t progress 9 debate to make x a new "q4 ,aft] an ord] is adopt$ clos+ debate at a c]ta9 h\r1 or limit+ x to a c]ta9 "t1 ! motions to po/pone & to commit _c be mov$ until ! vote adopt+ ! ord] has be5 reconsid]$2 b ! p5d+ "q may be laid on ! table1 & if x is n tak5 f ! table until aft] ! h\r appo9t$ = clos+ ! debate & tak+ ! vote1 no debate or motion to am5d is all[$1 z ! *air %\ld imm$iately put ! "q4 ,aft] ! adoption ( an ord] limit+ ! numb] or l5g? ( ! spee*es1 or ext5d+ ^! limits1 x is 9 ord] to move any ( ! o!r subsidi>y #ab motions on ! p5d+ "q4 ,an ord] modify+ ! limits ( debate on a "q is 9 =ce only dur+ ! session 9 :i* x 0 adopt$4 ,if ! "q 9 any way goes ov] to ! next session x is dive/$ ( ?is ord] & is op5 to debate accord+ to ! regul> rules4 ,! v>i\s ,=ms ( ?is motion are z foll[s3 7#a7 ,to fix ! h\r = clos+ debate & putt+ ! "q1 ! =m is simil> to ?is3 8,i move t debate close & ! "q be put on ! resolution at #i ,p4,m40 7#b7 ,to limit ! l5g? ( ! debate1 ! motion may be made ?us3 8,i move t debate on ! p5d+ am5dm5t be limit$ to tw5ty m9utes40 7#c7 ,to r$uce or increase ! numb] & l5g? ( spee*es1 ! motion %\ld be made 9 a =m simil> to "o ( ^!3 8,i move t debate on ! p5d+ resolution & its am5dm5ts be limit$ to "o spee* ( five m9utes f ea* memb]20 8,i move t ,mr4 ,a's "t be ext5d$ t5 m9utes20 8,i move t ,messrs4 ,a & ,b 7! lead]s on ! two sides7 be all[$ tw5ty m9utes ea*1 to be divid$ betwe5 _! two spee*es at _! pleasure1 & t o!r memb]s be limit$ to "o spee* ( two m9utes ea*1 & t ! "q be put at #i ,p4,m40 #ca4 ,to ,po/pone to a ,c]ta9 ,"t or ,def9itely#ba takes prec$5ce ( ! motions to commit1 to am5d1 & to po/pone indef9itely1 & yields to all privileg$ #ad & incid5tal #ac motions1 & to ! motions to lay on ! table1 = ! previ\s "q1 & to limit or to ext5d ! limits ( debate4 ,x all[s ( a limit$ debate :i* mu/ n g into ! m]its ( ! ma9 "q any m ?an is necess>y to enable ! assembly to det]m9e ! propriety ( ! po/ponem5t4 ,x may be am5d$ z to ! "t1 & also by mak+ ! po/pon$ "q a special ord]4 ,! previ\s "q & ! motions limit+ or ext5d+ ! limits ( debate may be appli$ to x4 ,x _c be laid on ! table alone1 b :5 x is p5d+ ! ma9 "q may be laid on ! table :i* c>ries ) x ! motion to po/pone4 ,x _c be committ$ or po/pon$ indef9itely4 ,x may be reconsid]$4 ,:5 x makes a "q a special ord] x requires a two-?irds vote4 #ba ,9 ,congress ! =m ( ?is motion is to po/pone to a day c]ta91 unless x is propos$ to make ! "q a special ord] = a c]ta9 h\r1 :5 ! h\r is specifi$4 ,! "t to :i* a "q is po/pon$ mu/ fall )9 ! session or ! next session1#bb &1 if x is desir$ to po/pone x to a diff]5t "t1 :i* mu/ n be beyond ! next regul> session1 x is necess>y fir/ to fix ! "t = an adj\rn$ meet+1 & !n ! "q may be po/pon$ to t meet+4 ,"s societies h frequ5t meet+s = lit]>y or o!r purposes at :i* bus9ess may be transact$1 :ile !y hold e mon? or qu>t] a meet+ especially = bus9ess4 ,9 su* societies ^! rules apply p>ticul>ly to ! regul> bus9ess meet+s1 to :i* que/ions may be po/pon$ f ! previ\s regul> bus9ess meet+ or f any ( ! int]v5+ meet+s4 ,nei!r ! motion to po/pone def9itely nor an am5dm5t to x1 is 9 ord] :5 x has ! effect ( an indef9ite po/ponem5t2 t is1 to defeat ! measure1 z1 = in/ance1 to po/pone until tomorr[ a motion to accept an invitation to a banquet tonight4 ,if ! motion to po/pone indef9itely is 9 ord] at ! "t1 ! *air may treat x z su* at 8 discretion1 b x _c be recogniz$ z a motion to po/pone def9itely4 ,x is n 9 ord] to po/pone a class ( bus9ess1 z reports ( committees2 z ea* report is ann\nc$ or call$ =1 x may be po/pon$1 or ! rules may be susp5d$ by a two-?irds vote & ! desir$ "q be tak5 up4 ,a matt] t is requir$ by ! by-laws to be att5d$ to at a specifi$ "t or meet+ z ! election ( (fic]s _c1 9 advance1 be po/pon$ to ano!r "t or meet+1 b :5 t specifi$ "t or meet+ arrives ! assembly may po/pone x to an adj\rn$ meet+4 ,?is is sometimes advisable z 9 case ( an annual meet+ = ! election ( (fic]s occurr+ on a v /ormy night s t a b>e quorum is pres5t4 ,aft] an ord] ( ! day or a "q ( privilege is be=e ! assembly = action1 its fur!r consid]ation may be po/pon$1 or any o!r subsidi>y motion may be appli$ to x4 ,:5 a "q has be5 po/pon$ to a c]ta9 "t1 x becomes an ord] ( ! day = t "t & _c be tak5 up be=e t "t except by a reconsid]ation1 or by susp5d+ ! rules = t purpose1 :i* requires a two-?irds vote4 ,see ,ord]s ( ! ,day1 #bj1 = ! treatm5t ( que/ions t h be5 po/pon$ def9itely4 #bb ,9 ,congress a motion _c be po/pon$ to ! next session1 b x is cu/om>y 9 ord9>y societies4 ,! ,=m ( ?is motion dep5ds ^u ! object s\ght4 7#a7 ,if ! object is simply to po/pone ! "q to ! next meet+1 :5 x w h prec$5ce ( new bus9ess1 ! =m ( ! motion is 8to po/pone ! "q or1 t ! "q be po/pon$ to ! next meet+40 ,x !n becomes a g5]al ord] = t meet+4 7#b7 ,if ! object is to specify an h\r :5 ! "q w be tak5 up z soon z ! "q !n p5d+1 if !re is any1 is dispos$ (1 ! =m is simil> to ?is3 8,i move t ! "q be po/pon$ to #c ,p4,m40 7#c7 ,if x is desir$ to po/pone ! "q until aft] a c]ta9 ev5t1 :5 x %all imm$iately come up1 ! =m is1 8,to po/pone ! "q until aft] ! address on ,economics40 7#d7 ,if ! object is to insure its n be+ cr[d$ out by o!r matt]s !re %\ld be add$ to ! motion to po/pone z giv5 9 ! fir/ two cases above1 ! words1 8& be made a special ord]40 ,or ! motion may be made ?us3 8,i move t ! "q be po/pon$ & made a special ord] = ! next meet+ or1 = #c ,p4,m4 tomorr[40 ,! motion 9 ?is =m requires a two-?irds vote1 z x susp5ds ! rules t may int]f]e ) its consid]ation at ! "t specifi$ z expla9$ "u ,ord]s ( ! ,day #bj4 7#e7 ,if x is desir$ to po/pone a "q to an adj\rn$ meet+ & devote ! entire "t1 if necess>y1 to its consid]ation1 z 9 case ( revis+ by-laws1 aft] provid+ = ! adj\rn$ meet+ ! motion %\ld be made 9 ?is =m3 8,i move t ! "q be po/pon$ & made ! special ord] = next ,tuesday ev5+40 ,or1 a "q may be po/pon$ & made ! special ord] = ! next regul> meet+4 ,! ,effect ( po/pon+ a "q is to make x an ord] ( ! day = ! "t to :i* x 0 po/pon$1 & if x is n !n dispos$ (1 x becomes unf9i%$ bus9ess4 ,po/pon+ a "q to a c]ta9 h\r does n make x a special ord] unless s specifi$ 9 ! motion4 ,! motion to po/pone def9itely may be am5d$ by a majority vote s z to make ! am5d$ motion "o to make ! "q a special ord]4 ,if ?is is done ! am5d$ motion w require a two-?irds vote4 ,ord]s ( ! ,day1 #bj1 %\ld be read 9 connection ) ?is section4 #cb4 ,to ,commit or ,ref]4 7,all ! rules 9 reg>d to ?is motion1 except :]e /at$ to ! contr>y1 apply equally to ! motions to ,g into ,committee ( ! ,:ole1 to ,consid] ,in=mally1 & to ,recommit z x is call$ :5 a "q is committ$ a second "t47 ,?is motion takes prec$5ce ( ! motions to am5d & to po/pone indef9itely1 & yields to all ! o!r subsidi>y #ab motions & to all privileg$ #ad & incid5tal #ac motions4 ,x _c be appli$ to any subsidi>y motion1 nor c x be laid on ! table or po/pon$ except 9 connection ) ! ma9 "q4 ,! previ\s "q1 & motions to limit or ext5d ! limits ( debate1 & to am5d1 may be appli$ to x )\t affect+ ! ma9 "q4 ,x is debatable b only z to ! propriety ( committ+ ! ma9 "q4#bc ,if ! motion to po/pone indef9itely is p5d+ :5 a "q is ref]r$ to a committee1 x is lo/1 & is n ref]r$ to ! committee4 ,p5d+ am5dm5ts g ) ! ma9 motion to ! committee4 ,! motion to commit may be reconsid]$1 b aft] ! committee has begun ! consid]ation ( ! "q ref]r$ to x1 x is too late to move to reconsid] ! vote to commit4 ,! committee may1 h[ev]1 !n be dis*>g$ z %[n bel[4 #bc ,congress has *ang$ its rule 9 reg>d to ! motion to commit1 s t n[ x is undebatable1 in/ead ( be+ debatable & op5+ to debate ! m]its ( ! ma9 "q4 ,9 a body l ,congress1 :]e ne>ly all ! bus9ess mu/ be att5d$ to 9 committees1 debate on ref]r+ a proposition to a committee %\ld n be all[$4 ,memb]s c appe> be=e ! committee & pres5t _! views4 ,b 9 an ord9>y delib]ative assembly x is bett] to obs]ve ! g5]al pr9ciples gov]n+ ! debatability ( motion z laid d[n on page #ahd1 & all[ ( debate z to ! propriety ( ref]r+ ! "q to a committee4 ,! motion to commit 7t is1 to ref] to a committee7 may v>y 9 =m all ! way f ! simple =m (1 8,t ! "q be ref]r$ to a committee10 to ! complete =m ( ref]r+ to "q 8to a committee ( five to be appo9t$ by ! *air1 ) in/ructions to report resolutions prop]ly cov]+ ! case1 at ! next regul> bus9ess meet+40 ,if ! motion is made 9 ! complete =m ! details may be *ang$ by am5dm5ts1 ?\gh !y are usually treat$ n z ord9>y am5dm5ts1 b z 9 fill+ blanks page #adh4 ,if ! motion is made 9 ! simple =m ( m]ely ref]r+ ! p5d+ "q to a committee !re are ?ree c\rses t may be pursu$ 9 complet+ ! details1 ! "o to be *os5 dep5d+ ^u ! circum/ances ( ! case4 7#a7 ,! simple1 or skeleton1 motion may be complet$ by mov+ am5dm5ts1 or mak+ sugge/ions1 = add+ ! requir$ details z /at$ bel[4 7#b7 ,! *air on 8 own initiative may call = sugge/ions to complete ! motion1 fir/ inquir+ z to :at committee ! "q %all be ref]r$1 & cont9u+ 9 ! ord] %[n h]eaft]4 7#c7 ,! motion 9 its simple/ =m may be put to vote at once by its enemies' ord]+ ! previ\s "q1 & :]e ! motion to commit is almo/ c]ta9 to be lo/ ?is is sometimes done to save ! "t t w\ld be uselessly sp5t 9 complet+ ! details4 ,if x %\ld happ5 t ! motion to commit is adopt$1 :i* is improbable1 !n ! details are complet$ be=e any new bus9ess1 except privileg$ matt]s1 c be tak5 up4 ,^! details are tak5 up 9 ! ord] giv5 bel[1 ! *air call+ = ! sev]al items mu* z if he 7 complet+ ! motion be=e x 0 vot$ on4 ,9 complet+ a motion simply to ref] to a committee1 ! fir/ "q ! *air asks is1 8,to :at committee %all ! "q be ref]r$80 ,if diff]5t ones are sugge/$1 ! sugge/ions are n treat$ z am5dm5ts ( ^? previ\sly (f]$1 b are vot$ on 9 ! foll[+ ord] until "o receives a majority vote3 ,committee ( ! :ole2 z if 9 committee ( ! :ole2 consid] in=mally2 /&+ committee1 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are propos$2 special 7select7 committee 7l>ge/ numb] vot$ on fir/74 ,if ! "q has already be5 be=e a /&+ or special committee ! motion becomes ! motion to recommit1 & ! committees w\ld be vot$ on 9 ! above ord] except ! old committee w\ld prec$e o!r /&+ & select committees4 ,9 sugge/+ or mov+ t ! committee be a special "o1 ! ^w 8special0 is n g5]ally us$1 ! motion be+ made to ref] ! "q to a committee ( five1 or any o!r numb]1 :i* makes x a special committee2 t is1 n a /&+ committee4 ,if any committee except a special "o is decid$ ^u1 ! *air %\ld !n put ! "q on ref]r+ ! "q to t committee4 ,b any "o may int]rupt him & move to add in/ructions1 or he1 himself1 may sugge/ !m1 or in/ructions may be giv5 aft] ! vote has be5 tak5 on committ+ ! "q4 ,in/ructions may be giv5 to ! committee by a majority vote at any "t be=e x submits its report1 ev5 at ano!r session4 ,if ! committee is to be a special "o1 x is necess>y 9 addition to its numb] to decide h[ x is to be appo9t$4 ,if diff]5t me?ods are sugge/$1 or mov$1 !y are vot$ on 9 ! foll[+ ord]3 ,ballot2 nom9ations f ! floor 7or op5 nom9ations72 nom9ations by ! *air2 & la/ly1 appo9tm5t by ! *air1 ! me?od t %\ld usually be adopt$ 9 v l>ge assemblies4 ,:5 ?is is decid$ ! complet$ motion to commit is put to vote4 ,in/ructions z h]et(ore /at$ may be add$ be=e ! vote is tak5 on ! motion to commit1 or !y may be giv5 aft]w>ds4 ,if ! motion to commit is adopt$1 no new bus9ess1 except privileg$ matt]s1 c int]v5e until ! appo9tm5t ( ! committee by ! me?od prescrib$1 except t :5 ! *air appo9ts ! committee he may wi% "t to make 8 selections1 :i*1 h[ev]1 mu/ be ann\nc$ to ! assembly4 ,if nom9ations are made f ! floor no "o c nom9ate m ?an "o1 if objection is made4 ,! memb] mak+ a nom9ation 9 a l>ge assembly rises1 &1 address+ ! *air )\t wait+ to be recogniz$1 says1 8,i nom9ate ,mr4 ,a40 ,9 small assemblies ! nom9ations = committees are frequ5tly made by memb]s f _! seats sugge/+ names4 ,! *air repeats ea* "n z he he>s x1 & if no m ?an ! prescrib$ numb] is sugge/$1 he puts ! "q on ! memb]s nam$ con/itut+ ! committee4 ,if m names ?an ! prescrib$ numb] are sugge/$1 ! *air puts ! "q on ea* "n 9 succession1 beg9n+ ) ! fir/ nam$1 until en\gh are *os5 to fill ! committee4 ,! negative mu/ be put z well z ! affirmative1 a majority vote be+ requir$ = ea* memb] ( ! committee4 ,if ! committee is nom9at$ by ! *air he /ates ! "q ?us3 8,! "q is1 #8,%all ^! memb]s con/itute ! committee8'0 ,x is n[ 9 ord] to move to /rike out any ( ! names1 & if su* a motion is adopt$ ! *air replaces !m ) o!r names4 ,:5 he appo9ts ! committee no vote is tak51 b he mu/ ann\nce ! names ( ! committee to ! assembly1 & until su* ann\ncem5t is made ! committee _c act4 ,if x is desir$ to p]mit ! *air to appo9t a committee aft] adj\rnm5t1 x mu/ be au?oriz$ by a vote4 ,! p[] to appo9t a committee c>ries ) x ! p[] to appo9t its *airman & to fill any vacancy t may arise 9 ! committee4 ,! resignation ( a memb] ( a committee %\ld be address$ to ! appo9t+ p[]4 ,! ,=ms ( ?is motion are z foll[s3 8,to ref] ! "q to a committee20 8,to recommit ! resolution20 8,t ! subject be ref]r$ to a committee ( ?ree to be appo9t$ by ! *air1 & t x report by resolution at ! next meet+20 8,t x be ref]r$ to a committee ) p[]20 8,t ! assembly d n[ resolve itself into or1 g into committee ( ! :ole1 to take "u consid]ation10 etc41 specify+ ! subject #ee2 8,t ! resolution be consid]$ z if 9 committee ( ! :ole0 #ef2 8,t ! resolution be consid]$ in=mally0 #eg4 ,! ,object ( ! motion to ref] to a /&+ or special committee is usually to enable a "q to be m c>efully inve/igat$ & put into bett] %ape = ! assembly to consid]1 ?an c be done 9 ! assembly itself4 ,:]e an assembly is l>ge & has a v l>ge am\nt ( bus9ess x is saf] to h e ma9 "q g to a committee be=e f9al action on x is tak54 ,a special committee to inve/igate & report ^u a subject %\ld consi/ ( repres5tative memb]s on bo? sides ( ! "q1 s t bo? p>ties 9 ! assembly may h confid5ce 9 ! report1 or reports 9 case !re is disagreem5t & a m9ority report is submitt$4 ,by c>e 9 select+ committees 9 ord9>y assemblies1 debates ^u delicate & tr\blesome que/ions c be mo/ly conf9$ to ! committees4 ,x is n at all necess>y to appo9t on ! committee ! memb] :o makes ! motion to ref]1 b x is usual1 & ! c\rte\s ?+ to d1 :5 he is specially int]e/$ or in=m$ on ! subject4 ,if ! appo9t+ p[] does n designate a *airman ( ! committee1 ! memb] fir/ nam$ acts z su* unless ! committee elects its own *airman4 ,consequ5tly x is v important t ! fir/ nam$ %\ld be an effici5t p]son1 especially 9 a committee = action4 ,sometimes a "q is ref]r$ to a committee ) full p[] to act 9 ! case4 ,:5 ! duty assign$ x has be5 p]=m$1 x %\ld report :at x has done1 & :5 ?is report has be5 made ! committee ceases to exi/4 ,:5 ! assembly has decid$ a "q & appo9ts a committee to take c]ta9 action 7su* z a committee ( arrangem5ts = hold+ a public meet+71 !n ! committee %\ld be small1 & all %\ld be favorable to ! action to be tak54 ,if any "o is appo9t$ on su* a committee :o is n 9 sympa?y ) ! propos$ action1 he %\ld say s & ask to be excus$4 ,sometimes su* a committee is giv5 p[] to add to its numb]4 ,! object ( go+ into committee ( ! :ole1 or consid]+ a "q z if 9 committee ( ! :ole1 or in=mally1 is to enable ! assembly to discuss a "q ) p]fect fre$om1 !re be+ no limit to ! numb] ( spee*es4 ,! fir/ me?od is us$ 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 & ! second 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ,s5ate4 ,! la/ "o is ! simple/1 & is be/ adapt$ to ord9>y societies t are n v l>ge4 ,!y are expla9$ 9 #ee-eg4 ,if any =m ( ! motion to commit is made ) ref]5ce to a "q n p5d+1 x becomes a ma9 motion4 ,?us1 a motion to g into committee ( ! :ole on a "q n p5d+1 or to appo9t a committee ^u a subject n p5d+1 or to appo9t a committee to take c]ta9 action1 is a ma9 motion4 ,to ,dis*>ge a ,committee4 ,:5 a committee has made its f9al report & x has be5 receiv$ by ! assembly1 ! committee ceases to exi/ )\t any motion be+ made to t effect4 ,if1 = any reason1 ! assembly wi%es to take a "q out ( ! h&s ( a committee1 & x is too late to reconsid] ! vote on ! committal1 x is necess>y to 8dis*>ge ! committee f fur!r consid]ation0 ( ! resolution or o!r matt] ref]r$ to x1 = z long z ! matt] is 9 ! h&s ( ! committee1 ! assembly _c consid] any?+ involv+ practically ! same "q4 ,if ! committee has n yet tak5 up ! "q ref]r$ to x1 ! prop] motion on ! day or ! day aft] x 0 ref]r$1 is to reconsid] ! vote to commit1 :i* requires only a majority vote4 ,if ! motion to reconsid] _c be made1 a motion to dis*>ge ! committee %\ld be made1 :i*1 if adopt$1 practically resc9ds action tak51 & !re=e requires a two-?irds vote1 or a vote ( a majority ( ! memb]%ip1 unless previ\s notice ( ! motion has be5 giv51 :5 x requires only a majority vote4 ,:5 ! committee is dis*>g$ its *airman returns to ! secret>y all pap]s t h be5 entru/$ to him4 ,x requires a motion to br+ ! matt] ref]r$ be=e ! assembly1 & ?is motion may be comb9$ ) ! motion to dis*>ge1 ?us3 8,i move t ! committee to :om 0 ref]r$ ! resolution on immigration be dis*>g$1 & t ! resolution be n[ tak5 up = consid]ation or1 be consid]$ at "s o!r specifi$ "t40#bd #bd ,9 ,h4 ,r4 ,rule #bg is ! foll[+3 8#d4 ,any memb] may pres5t to ! cl]k a motion 9 writ+ to dis*>ge a committee f fur!r consid]ation ( any public bill or jo9t resolution :i* may h be5 ref]r$ to su* committee fifte5 days prior !reto4 ,all su* motions %all be ent]$ 9 ! j\rnal & pr9t$ on a cal5d> to be kn[n z a #8,cal5d> ( ,motions to ,dis*>ge ,committees4'444 ,:5 su* motions %all be call$ up 444 debate on su* motion %all be limit$ to tw5ty m9utes1 "o-half !re( 9 favor ( ! proposition & "o-half 9 opposition !reto4 ,su* motions %all h prec$5ce ov] motions to susp5d ! rules & %all require = adoption an affirmative vote ( a majority ( ! memb]%ip ( ! ,h\se40 #cc4 ,to ,am5d takes prec$5ce ( ! motion to po/pone indef9itely1 & yields to all o!r subsidi>y #ab motions & to all privileg$ #ad & incid5tal #ac motions1 except ! motion to divide ! "q4 ,x c be appli$ to all motions except ^? 9 ! ,li/ ( ,motions t ,_c be ,am5d$ page #adf4 ,x c be am5d$ itself1 b ?is 8am5dm5t ( an am5dm5t0 7an am5dm5t ( ! second degree7 _c be am5d$4 ,! previ\s "q & motions to limit or ext5d ! limits ( debate may be appli$ to an am5dm5t1 or to only an am5dm5t ( an am5dm5t1 & 9 su* case !y d n affect ! ma9 "q1 unless s specifi$4 ,an am5dm5t is debatable 9 all cases except :]e ! motion to be am5d$ is undebatable4 ,an am5dm5t ( a p5d+ "q requires only a majority vote = its adoption1 ev5 ?\gh ! "q to be am5d$ requires a two-?irds vote4 ,an am5dm5t ( a con/itution or by-laws1 or rules ( ord]1 or ord] ( bus9ess1 previ\sly adopt$1 requires a two-?irds vote2 b an am5dm5t ( t am5dm5t requires only a majority vote4 ,:5 a motion or resolution is "u consid]ation only "o am5dm5t ( ! fir/ degree is p]mitt$ at a "t1 & "o am5dm5t ( t am5dm5t--t is1 an am5dm5t ( ! second degree--is all[$ also4 ,an am5dm5t ( ! ?ird degree w\ld be too complicat$ & is n 9 ord]4#be ,in/ead ( mak+ x1 a memb] may say t if ! am5dm5t ( ! am5dm5t is vot$ d[n1 he w (f] su* & su* an am5dm5t ( ! am5dm5t4 ,:ile !re c be only "o am5dm5t ( ea* degree p5d+ at ! same "t1 any numb] ( !m may be (f]$ 9 succession4 ,an am5dm5t mu/ be g]mane#bf to ! subject to be am5d$--t is1 x mu/ relate to x1 z %[n fur!r on4 ,s an am5dm5t to an am5dm5t mu/ be g]mane to ! latt]4 #be ,a sub/itute may be report$ by a committee :ile am5dm5ts ( ! fir/ & second degree are p5d+ z %[n on page #bbf4 ,9 ,congress x has be5 f\nd be/ to all[ a sub/itute & an am5dm5t !reto :ile two am5dm5ts are p5d+4 ,! ,h\se rule z to am5dm5ts is z foll[s3 8,:5 a motion or proposition is "u consid]ation a motion to am5d & a motion to am5d t am5dm5t %all be 9 ord]1 & x %all also be 9 ord] to (f] a fur!r am5dm5t by way ( sub/itute1 to :i* "o am5dm5t may be (f]$1 b :i* %all n be vot$ on until ! orig9al matt] is p]fect$2 b ei!r may be )drawn be=e am5dm5t or decision is _h !reon4 ,am5dm5ts to ! title ( a bill or resolution %all n be 9 ord] until aft] its passage1 & %all be decid$ )\t debate40 ,h4 ,r4 ,rule #ai4 #bf 8444 ,no motion or proposition on a subject diff]5t f t "u consid]ation %all be admitt$ "u color ( am5dm5t40 ,h4 ,r4 ,rule #af1 #g4 ,=m4 ,an am5dm5t may be 9 any ( ! foll[+ =ms3 7a7 to ins]t or add 7t is1 place at ! end72 7b7 to /rike out2 7c7 to /rike out & ins]t1 or to sub/itute1 z x is call$1 :5 an entire p>agraph or resolution is /ruck out & ano!r is ins]t$4 ,! ?ird =m is a comb9ation ( ! o!r two & _c be divid$1 ?\gh1 z %[n h]eaft]1 = ! purposes ( am5dm5t ! two motions are treat$ sep>ately1 ! words to be /ruck out be+ fir/ am5d$ & !n ! words to be ins]t$4 ,no am5dm5t is 9 ord] ! effect ( :i* is to conv]t "o ( ^! =ms into ano!r4 ,! motion to am5d is made 9 a =m simil> to ?is3 8,i move to am5d ! resolution by ins]t+ ! ^w #8v' be=e ! ^w #8good2'0 or1 x may be r$uc$ to a =m z simple z ?is3 8,i move to ins]t #8v' be=e #8good4'0 ,! motion to ins]t %\ld always specify ! ^w be=e or aft] :i* ! ins]tion is to be made4 ,! motion to /rike out %\ld also locate ! ^w1 provid$ x occurs m ?an once4 ,:5 ! *air /ates ! "q on ! am5dm5t he %\ld repeat ! motion 9 detail s t all may und]/& :at modification is propos$4 ,unless ! effect ( ! am5dm5t is v evid5t1 he %\ld1 9 putt+ ! "q1 %[ cle>ly ! effect ( its adoption1 ev5 ?\gh x requires ! read+ ( ! entire resolution1 & !n ! words to be ins]t$1 or /ruck out1 or /ruck out & ins]t$1 & f9ally ! resolution z x w /& if ! am5dm5t is adopt$4 ,he !n says1 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( ! am5dm5t or1 ( /rik+ out1 etc41 or ( ins]t+1 etc4 say aye2 ^? oppos$1 say no4 ,! ayes h x1 ! am5dm5t is adopt$1 & ! "q is on ! resolution z am5d$1 :i* is1 #8,resolv$1 ,t1'0 etc41 read+ ! resolution z am5d$4 ,if ! vote is tak5 by %[ ( h&s or by ris+1 ! "q is put & ! vote ann\nc$ ?us3 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( ! am5dm5t w rise or1 w raise ! "r h&2 ^? oppos$ w rise or1 w manife/ x 9 ! same way4 ,! affirmative has x & ! am5dm5t is adopt$4 ,! "q is on ! resolution10 etc4 ,! in/ant ! am5dm5t is vot$ on1 :e!r x is adopt$ or lo/1 ! *air %\ld ann\nce ! result ( ! vote & /ate ! "q t is !n be=e ! assembly4 ,to ,ins]t or ,add ,words4 ,:5 a motion to ins]t or add c]ta9 words is made1 ! words to be ins]t$ %\ld be p]fect$ by am5dm5ts propos$ by _! fri5ds be=e ! vote is tak5 on ins]t+ or add+ !m4 ,aft] words h be5 ins]t$ or add$1 !y _c be *ang$ or /ruck out except by a motion to /rike out ! p>agraph1 or su* a portion ( x z %all make ! "q an entirely diff]5t "o f t ( ins]t+ ! p>ticul> words2 or by comb9+ su* a motion to /rike out ! p>agraph or a portion ( x ) ! motion to ins]t o!r words4 ,! pr9ciple involv$ is t :5 ! assembly has vot$ t c]ta9 words %all =m a "p ( a resolution1 x is n 9 ord] to make ano!r motion t involves exactly ! same "q z ! "o x has decid$4 ,! only way to br+ x up aga9 is to move to reconsid] #cf ! vote by :i* ! words 7 ins]t$4 ,if ! motion to ins]t is lo/1 x does n preclude any o!r motion to ins]t ^! words toge!r ) o!r words1 or 9 place ( o!r words1 provid$ ! new motion pres5ts ess5tially a new "q to ! assembly4 ,to ,/rike out ,words4 ,! motion to /rike out c]ta9 words c be appli$ only to consecutive words1 ?\gh1 z ! result ( am5dm5ts1 ! words may be sep>at$ :5 ! f9al vote is tak54 ,if x is desir$ to /rike out sep>at$ words1 x is necess>y to /rike out ! sep>at$ words by sep>ate motions1 or /ill bett]1 a motion may be made to /rike out ! entire clause or s5t5ce conta9+ ! words to be /ruck out & ins]t a new clause or s5t5ce z desir$4 ,! motion to /rike out c]ta9 words may be am5d$ only by /rik+ out words f ! am5dm5t1 ! effect ( :i* is to reta9 9 ! resolution ! words /ruck out ( ! am5dm5t provid$ bo? motions are adopt$4 ,if ! motion to /rike out c]ta9 words is adopt$1 ! same words _c be aga9 ins]t$ unless ! place or ! word+ is s *ang$ z to make a new proposition4 ,if ! motion to /rike out fails1#bg x does n preclude a motion to /rike out ! same words & ins]t o!r words1 or to /rike out a "p ( ! words1 or to /rike out a "p & ins]t o!r words2 or to /rike out ^! words ) o!rs1 or to d ?is & ins]t o!r words4 ,9 ea* ( ^! cases ! new "q is mat]ially diff]5t f ! old "o4 ,= /rik+ out all1 or a "p1 ( some?+ t has be5 previ\sly adopt$1 see 8,resc9d1 etc40 #cg4 ,to ,/rike ,out & ,ins]t ,words is a comb9ation ( ! two prec$+ motions1 & is indivisible4#bg ,= purposes ( am5dm5t x is resolv$ into its con/itu5t elem5ts1 & ! words to be /ruck out are fir/ am5d$1 aft] :i* ! words to be ins]t$ are am5d$4 ,aft] _! am5dm5t ! "q is put on ! motion to /rike out & ins]t4 ,if x is adopt$1 ! ins]t$ words _c be /ruck out1 nor c ! words /ruck out be ins]t$1 unless ! words or place are s *ang$ z to make ! "q a new "o1 z describ$ above4 ,if ! motion is lo/1 x does n preclude ei!r ( ! s+le motions to /rike out or to ins]t ! same words1 nor ano!r motion to /rike out & ins]t1 provid$ !re is any mat]ial *ange 9 ei!r ! words to be /ruck out or ! words to be ins]t$1 s t ! que/ions are n practically id5tical4 ,:5 x is desir$ to /rike out or modify sep>at$ words1 a motion may be made to /rike out s mu* ( ! resolution z is necess>y to include all ! words to be /ruck out or *ang$1 & to ins]t ! desir$ revision includ+ ^! words4 ,if ! words are ins]t$ 9 ! place previ\sly occupi$ by ! words /ruck out1 !y may diff] mat]ially f ! latt]1 provid$ !y are g]mane to x4 ,if ! words are to be ins]t$ at a diff]5t place1 !n !y mu/ n diff] mat]ially f ^? /ruck out1 z x mu/ be 9 ! nature ( a transf]4 ,! comb9$ motion to /rike out words 9 "o place & to ins]t diff]5t words 9 ano!r place is n 9 ord]4 ,ei!r ! place or ! words mu/ be sub/antially ! same4 ,if !re are sev]al *anges to be made1 x is usually bett] to rewrite ! p>agraph & (f] x z a sub/itute1 z %[n fur!r on4 #bg 8,a motion to /rike out & ins]t is indivisible1 b a motion to /rike out be+ lo/ %all nei!r preclude am5dm5t nor motion to /rike out & ins]t24440 ,h4 ,r4 ,rule #af1 #g4 ,am5dm5ts ,affect+ an ,entire ,p>agraph4 ,a motion to ins]t 7or add7 or to /rike out a p>agraph1 or to sub/itute "o p>agraph = ano!r1 is an am5dm5t ( ! fir/ degree1 & !re=e _c be made :5 an am5dm5t is p5d+4 ,! fri5ds ( ! p>agraph to be ins]t$ or /ruck out %\ld put x 9 ! be/ possible %ape by am5d+ x be=e x is vot$ on4 ,aft] a p>agraph has be5 ins]t$ x _c be am5d$ except by add+ to x2 & x _c be /ruck out except 9 connection ) o!r p>agraphs s z to make ! "q ess5tially a new "o4 ,if a p>agraph is /ruck out1 x _c be ins]t$ aft]w>ds unless x is s *ang$ 9 word+ or place z to pres5t an ess5tially new "q4 ,if ! motion to ins]t or to /rike out a p>agraph is lo/1 x does n preclude any o!r motion except "o t pres5ts ess5tially ! same "q z ! "o t ! assembly has already decid$1 z %[n above 9 ! case ( am5d+ words ( a p>agraph4 ,?us1 :5 a motion to ins]t a p>agraph has be5 lo/1 x is 9 ord] to move to ins]t a "p ( ! p>agraph or ! entire p>agraph if mat]ially alt]$4 ,s1 ?\gh ! assembly has refus$ to /rike out a p>agraph1 x is 9 ord] to /rike out a "p ( ! p>agraph or o!rwise to am5d x1 ?\gh x is saf] = its fri5ds to make x z ne>ly p]fect z possible be=e ! vote is tak5 on /rik+ x out1 ) a view to defeat+ t motion4 ,a motion to sub/itute "o p>agraph = ano!r 7:i* is a comb9ation ( ! two prec$+ motions7 aft] be+ /at$ by ! *air is resolv$ into its two elem5ts = ! purpose ( am5dm5t1 ! *air at fir/ ent]ta9+ am5dm5ts only to ! p>agraph to be /ruck out1 ^! am5dm5ts be+ ( ! second degree4 ,aft] x is p]fect$ by its fri5ds1 ! *air asks if !re are any am5dm5ts propos$ to ! p>agraph to be ins]t$4 ,:5 bo? p>agraphs h be5 p]fect$ by am5dm5ts ! "q is put on sub/itut+ "o p>agraph = ! o!r4 ,ev5 ?\gh ! p>agraph con/itutes ! entire resolution & ! motion to sub/itute is c>ri$1 x is necess>y aft]w>ds to vote on adopt+ ! resolution1 z x has only be5 vot$ to sub/itute "o p>agraph = ano!r4 ,a p>agraph t has be5 sub/itut$ = ano!r _c be am5d$ aft]w>ds1 except by add+ to x1 l any o!r p>agraph t has be5 ins]t$4 ,! p>agraph t has be5 replac$ _c be aga9 ins]t$ unless s modifi$ z to con/itute a new "q1 z ) any p>agraph t has be5 /ruck out4 ,if ! motion to sub/itute is lo/1 ! assembly has only decid$ t t p>ticul> p>agraph %all n replace ! "o specifi$4 ,x may be will+ t x replace "s o!r p>agraph1 or t x be ins]t$1 or t ! p>agraph reta9$ 9 ! resolution be fur!r am5d$1 or ev5 /ruck out4 ,b no am5dm5t is 9 ord] t pres5ts to ! assembly practically a "q t x has already decid$4 ,9 p>liam5t>y language x is n correct to speak ( 8sub/itut+0 "o ^w or "p ( a p>agraph = ano!r1 z ! t]m is appli$ to no?+ less ?an a p>agraph4 ,:5 a "q is be+ consid]$ by section1 x is 9 ord] to move a sub/itute = ! p5d+ section4 ,a sub/itute = ! entire resolution1 or report1 _c be mov$ until ! sections h all be5 consid]$ & ! *air has ann\nc$ t ! entire pap] is op5 to am5dm5t4 ,:5 a resolution ) am5dm5ts ( ! fir/ & second degree p5d+1 is ref]r$ to a committee1 !y may report x back ) a sub/itute = ! resolution :i* !y recomm5d1 ev5 ?\gh two am5dm5ts are p5d+4 ,9 su* a case ! *air /ates ! "q fir/ on ! am5dm5ts t 7 p5d+ :5 ! resolution 0 committ$4 ,:5 !y are dispos$ (1 he /ates ! "q on ! sub/itute recomm5d$ by ! committee & proce$s z 9 case ( any o!r sub/itute motion4 ,improp] ,am5dm5ts4 ,an am5dm5t is n 9 ord] :i* is n g]mane to ! "q to be am5d$2 or m]ely makes ! affirmative ( ! am5d$ "q equival5t to ! negative ( ! orig9al "q2 or is id5tical ) a "q previ\sly decid$ by ! assembly dur+ t session2 or *anges "o =m ( am5dm5t to ano!r =m2 or sub/itutes "o =m ( motion = ano!r =m2 or /rikes out ! ^w ,resolv$ f a resolution2 or /rikes out or ins]ts words :i* w\ld leave no rational proposition be=e ! assembly2 or is frivol\s or absurd4 ,an am5dm5t ( an am5dm5t mu/ be g]mane to--t is1 mu/ relate to--! subject ( ! am5dm5t z well z ! ma9 motion4 ,no indep5d5t new "q c be introduc$ "u cov] ( an am5dm5t4 ,b an am5dm5t may be 9 conflict ) ! _s ( ! orig9al motion & /ill be g]mane1 & !re=e 9 ord]4 ,illu/rations3 ,a resolution ( c5sure may be am5d$ by /rik+ out ! ^w 8c5sure0 & ins]t+ ! ^w 8?anks10 = bo? relate to op9ion ( c]ta9 conduct2 refus+ to c5sure is n ! same z express+ ?anks4 ,a resolution to pur*ase "s books c\ld n be am5d$ by /rik+ out ! words relat+ to books & ins]t+ words relat+ to a build+4 ,suppose a resolution p5d+ direct+ ! treasur] to pur*ase a desk = ! secret>y1 & an am5dm5t is (f]$ to add ! words1 8& to pay ! exp5ses ( ! delegates to ! ,/ate ,conv5tion20 su* an am5dm5t is n g]mane to ! resolution1 z pay+ ! exp5ses ( ! delegates is 9 no way relat$ to pur*as+ a desk = ! secret>y1 & is !re=e out ( ord]4 ,b if an am5dm5t 7 (f]$ to ins]t ! words 8& a p]man5t record book0 aft] ! ^w 8desk10 x w\ld be 9 ord]1 because bo? are articles to enable ! secret>y to p]=m 8 duties4 ,if a resolution 7 p5d+ condemn+ c]ta9 ?+s1 x c\ld be am5d$ by add+ o!r ?+s t 7 simil> or 9 "s way relat$ to !m4 ,suppose a resolution comm5d+ ,a & ,b = h]oism is p5d+2 if ! acts ( h]oism 7 n connect$1 am5dm5ts are 9 ord] add+ o!r names = o!r acts ( h]oism2 b if ! comm5dation is = an act ( h]oism 9 :i* ,a & ,b 7 jo9$1 !n no names c be add$ to ! resolution unless ! p>ties 7 connect$ ) ,a & ,b 9 t act4 ,suppose ! foll[+ resolution p5d+3 8,resolv$1 ,t ! ,secret>y be in/ruct$ to notify our repres5tative 9 ,congress t we d approve ( 8 c\rse 9 reg>d to ! t>iff40 ,a motion to am5d by ins]t+ n aft] ! ^w be w\ld be out ( ord]1 because an affirmative vote on 8n in/ruct+0 is id5tical 9 effect ) a negative vote on 8in/ruct+40 ,b ! motion to ins]t ! ^w n aft] d is 9 ord]1 = an affirmative vote on disapprov+ ( a c]ta9 c\rse is n ! same z a negative vote on a resolution ( approval1 z ! latt] may mean no?+ b an unwill+ness to express an op9ion on ! subject4 ,if a resolution is p5d+ & a memb] makes ! motion1 8,i move to /rike out ! words #8p9e b5*es' & ins]t ! words #8oak *airs1'0 x is an am5dm5t ( ! fir/ degree1 & no o!r am5dm5t ( t degree is 9 ord] until ?is is act$ ^u4 ,all ! words 9 italics are necess>y = ?is =m ( motion1 & are n subject to am5dm5t4 ,! only am5dm5ts 9 ord] are ^? t *ange ! words 8p9e b5*es0 or 8oak *airs0--t is1 fir/ ^? to be /ruck out1 & :5 !y are p]fect$1 !n ^? to be ins]t$4 ,suppose ! motion to 8/rike out #8p9e'0 is p5d+1 & x is mov$ to am5d by add+ 8& ins]t #8oak4'0 ,?is motion is out ( ord]1 z x *anges "o =m ( am5dm5t to ano!r =m4 ,x is n 9 ord] to move to /rike out ! ^w 8adopt0 9 a motion & ins]t ! ^w 8reject10 z 8adopt0 is a =mal ^w necess>y to %[ ! k9d ( motion made4 ,practically1 h[ev]1 ! same result may be atta9$ by mov+ to po/pone indef9itely--t is1 to reject1 ! ma9 "q4 ,! *air %\ld nev] rule an am5dm5t out ( ord] unless he is p]fectly sure t x is s4 ,if he is 9 d\bt he %\ld admit ! am5dm5t1 or submit ! "q z to its be+ 9 ord] to ! assembly z describ$ 9 #ba4 ,e orig9al ma9 motion may be am5d$4 ,all o!rs may be am5d$1 except ^? conta9$ 9 ! foll[+ li/ ( ,motions ,t ,_c ,be ,am5d$4 ,to adj\rn 7except :5 x is qualifi$1 or :5 made 9 an assembly ) no provision = a future meet+7 #ag ,call = ! ord]s ( ! day #bj ,"q ( ord]1 & appeal #ba ,to object to consid]ation ( a "q #bc ,call = a division ( ! assembly #be ,to grant leave to )draw a motion #bg ,to grant leave to speak aft] indecorum #ba ,a reque/ ( any k9d #bg ,to take up a "q out ( its prop] ord] #bb ,to susp5d ! rules #bb ,to lay on ! table #bh ,to take f ! table #ce ,to reconsid] #cf ,! previ\s "q #bi ,to po/pone indef9itely #cd ,to am5d an am5dm5t #cc ,to fill a blank #cc ,a nom9ation #ff ,a motion to adopt a resolution or a by-law may be am5d$ by add+1 8& t x be pr9t$ & t memb]s be suppli$ ) copies10 or1 8t !y g into effect at ! close ( ?is annual meet+10 or any?+ ( a simil> k9d4 ,"u ea* ( ! privileg$1 incid5tal1 & subsidi>y motions1 x is /at$ :e!r or n ! motion may be am5d$1 &1 :5 necess>y1 ! way 9 :i* x may be am5d$ is expla9$4 ,an am5dm5t to any?+ already adopt$ is n a subsidi>y motion4 ,! matt] to be am5d$ is n p5d+ & is !re=e n affect$ by any?+ done ) ! am5dm5t1 provid$ x is n adopt$4 ,su* an am5dm5t is a ma9 motion subject to am5dm5ts ( ! fir/ & second degrees4 ,if ! motion is to /rike out an entire resolution t has be5 adopt$1 x is usually call$ to ,resc9d & is expla9$ "u t head #cg4 ,if ! motion is to am5d a by-law1 etc41 x w be f\nd "u ,am5dm5ts ( ,con/itutions1 ,by-laws1 etc4 #fh4 ,m9utes are usually am5d$ 7correct$7 in=mally1 ! *air direct+ ! correction to be made :5 sugge/$4 ,b if objection is made1 a =mal vote is necess>y = ! am5dm5t4 ,! m9utes may be correct$ :5ev] ! error is notic$ reg>dless ( ! "t :i* has elaps$2 b aft] _! adoption1 :5 too late to reconsid] ! vote1 !y require a two-?irds vote = _! am5dm5t1 unless previ\s notice ( ! propos$ am5dm5t has be5 giv51 :5 only a majority vote is requir$ = its adoption1 ! same z ) ! motion to resc9d #cg4 ,?is is necess>y = ! protection ( ! records1 :i* o!rwise w\ld be subject to ! risk ( be+ tamp]$ ) by tempor>y majorities4 ,! numb]s prefix$ to p>agraphs1 articles1 etc41 are only m>g9al indications & %\ld be correct$ by ! secret>y1 if necess>y1 )\t any motion to am5d4 ,= am5d+ a long pap]1 su* z a s]ies ( resolutions1 or a set ( by-laws1 :i* %\ld be consid]$ & am5d$ by p>agraph1 see #bd4 ,fill+ ,blanks4 #bh ,propositions = fill+ blanks are treat$ some:at diff]5tly f o!r am5dm5ts1 9 t any numb] ( memb]s may propose1 )\t a second1 diff]5t names or numb]s = fill+ ! blanks1 no "o propos+ m ?an "o "n or numb] = ea* place1 unless by g5]al cons5t4 ,^! are treat$ n z am5dm5ts1 "o ( ano!r1 b z indep5d5t propositions to be vot$ on successively4 ,if ! blank is to be fill$ ) a "n1 ! *air repeats ! names z !y are propos$ s all may he> !m1 & f9ally takes a vote on ea* "n1 beg9n+ ) ! fir/ propos$1 until "o receives a majority vote4 ,if ! blank is to be fill$ ) sev]al names & no m names are sugge/$ ?an requir$1 ! names may be ins]t$ )\t a vote4 ,if m names ?an requir$ are sugge/$1 a vote is tak5 on ea*1 beg9n+ ) ! fir/1 until en\gh to fill ! blank h receiv$ a majority vote4 ,if ! numb] ( names is n specifi$1 a vote is tak5 on ea* "n sugge/$1 & all t receive a majority vote are ins]t$4 #bh ,:ile ,congress has no rule on fill+ blanks except ! common p>liam5t>y law z laid d[n 9 ,jeff]son's ,manual1 x r>ely makes use ( ?is law1 b avails itself ( its rule :i* all[s ( f\r am5dm5ts p5d+ at ! same "t1 namely1 am5dm5ts ( ! fir/ & second degree1 & a sub/itute & am5dm5t to x4 ,if ! blank is to be fill$ ) a numb] or a date1 !n ! l>ge/ sum1 or ! longe/ "t1 or ! mo/ di/ant date1 is put fir/1 unless x is evid5t to ! *air t ! rev]se ord] is necess>y to enable ! fir/ vote to be tak5 on ! proposition t is lea/ likely to be adopt$4 ,suppose a committee is be+ in/ruct$ to pur*ase a build+ = a blank am\nt3 ! vot+ on fill+ ! blank %\ld beg9 ) ! l>ge/ sum propos$2 if t is lo/1 all :o vot$ = x1 & "s o!rs1 w\ld favor ! next l>ge/ sum1 s t ! vote w\ld be great]1 & s on d[n to ! l>ge/ sum t is favor$ by a majority4 ,if ! vot+ began ) ! smalle/ sum1 e "o w\ld be will+ to pay t am\nt1 & x might be adopt$ & ?us cut (f vot+ on ! o!r propositions1 :]eas a majority w\ld pref] au?oriz+ ! committee to sp5d a l>g] am\nt4 ,on ! o!r h&1 suppose ! committee 0 be+ au?oriz$ to sell a build+ = a blank am\nt3 "h x is evid5t t !re w\ld be m 9 favor ( ! l>ge sum ?an ( ! small "o4 ,s to get at ! wi% ( ! assembly ! vot+ %\ld beg9 ) ! smalle/ sum propos$2 all :o are will+ to sell = t am\nt1 & "s additional ones1 w be will+ to sell = ! next l>g] sum2 & s ! smalle/ sum = :i* ! majority is will+ to sell w be gradually rea*$4 ,x is sometimes conv5i5t to create a blank1 z 9 ! foll[+ example3 ,a resolution is p5d+ reque/+ ! prop] au?orities to prohibit ! erection ( wood5 build+s nor? ( ,a /reet1 & an am5dm5t to /rike out ,a & ins]t ,b1 & an am5dm5t ( ! second degree to /rike out ,b & ins]t ,c1 h be5 made4 ,! debate develop+ ! fact t sev]al o!r /reets h _! advocates1 ! be/ c\rse is = ! *air to /ate t1 if !re is no objection1 ! motion w\ld be treat$ z hav+ a blank = ! "n ( ! /reet1 & t ,a1 ,b1 & ,c h be5 propos$ = fill+ ! blank4 ,9 ?is way o!r names c\ld be sugge/$ & !y w\ld be vot$ on successively beg9n+ ) ! "o t made ! prohibit$ area ! l>ge/1 & cont9u+ d[n until "o 0 rea*$ t c\ld get a majority 9 its favor4 ,if objection is made to leav+ a blank = ! "n1 ! *air may put ! "q )\t wait+ = a motion1 or any "o may move1 z an incid5tal motion1 t a blank be creat$ = ! "n ( ! /reet4 ,?is motion is undebatable1 & _c be am5d$1 b x may be mov$ to fill ! blank by ballot or 9 any o!r way4 ,! blanks 9 a resolution %\ld be fill$ usually be=e vot+ on ! resolution4 ,b sometimes1 :5 a l>ge majority is oppos$ to ! resolution1 ! previ\s "q is ord]$ )\t wait+ = ! blanks to be fill$1 ?us /opp+ debate & fur!r am5dm5t1 & br++ ! assembly at once to a vote on ! resolution4 ,"u su* circum/ances ! resolution w\ld usually be reject$4 ,b %\ld x be adopt$1 x w\ld be necess>y to fill ! blanks 9 ! skeleton resolution be=e any o!r ?an privileg$ bus9ess w\ld be 9 ord]4 ,! me?od adopt$ 9 fill+ blanks has sometimes a great advantage ov] ord9>y am5dm5t4 ,9 am5d+1 ! la/ "o propos$ is ! fir/ "o vot$ on1 :]eas 9 fill+ blanks ! fir/ "o propos$1 or nom9at$1 is vot$ on fir/1 except :]e1 f ! nature ( ! case1 ano!r ord] is pref]able1 & !n t ord] is adopt$ z expla9$ above4 ,nom9ations are treat$ l fill+ blanks2 any numb] may be p5d+ at ! same "t1 n z am5dm5ts ( ea* o!r1 b z indep5d5t propositions to be vot$ on 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y 7 made until "o receives a majority vote4 ,see #ff4 #cd4 ,to ,po/pone ,indef9itely takes prec$5ce ( no?+ except ! ma9 motion to :i* x is appli$1 & yields to all privileg$ #ad1 incid5tal #ac1 & o!r subsidi>y #ab motions4 ,x _c be am5d$ or h any o!r subsidi>y motion appli$ to x except ! previ\s "q & motions limit+ or ext5d+ ! limits ( debate4 ,x is debatable & op5s ! ma9 "q to debate4 ,x c be appli$ to no?+ b ma9 que/ions1 :i* include que/ions ( privilege & ord]s ( ! day aft] !y are be=e ! assembly = consid]ation4 ,an affirmative vote on x may be reconsid]$1 b n a negative vote4 ,if lo/ x _c be r5ew$4 ,x is simply a motion to reject ! ma9 "q4 ,if a ma9 motion is ref]r$ to a committee :ile to po/pone indef9itely is p5d+1 ! latt] motion is ignor$ & does n g to ! committee4 ,! ,object ( ?is motion is n to po/pone1 b to reject1 ! ma9 motion )\t incurr+ ! risk ( a direct vote on x1 & x is made only by ! enemies ( ! ma9 motion :5 !y are 9 d\bt z to _! be+ 9 ! majority4 ,! ,effect ( mak+ ?is motion is to enable memb]s :o h exhau/$ _! "r ( debate on ! ma9 "q1 to speak aga91 z1 te*nically1 ! "q be=e ! assembly is diff]5t1 :ile1 z f> z ! subject ( discussion is conc]n$1 !re is no diff]5ce caus$ by *ang+ ! "q f adopt+ to reject+ ! measure1 because ! m]its ( ! ma9 "q are op5 to debate 9 ei!r case4 ,if adopt$1 its effect is to suppress ! ma9 motion = t session1 unless ! vote is reconsid]$4 ,z ?is motion does n suppress ! debate on ! ma9 "q1 its only useful effect is to give ! oppon5ts ( ! p5d+ measure a *ance ( kill+ ! ma9 motion )\t risk+ its adoption 9 case ( failure4 ,=1 if !y c>ry ! indef9ite po/ponem5t1 ! ma9 "q is suppress$ = ! session2 if !y fail1 !y /ill h a vote on ! ma9 "q1 &1 hav+ le>n$ _! /r5g? by ! vote tak51 !y c =m an op9ion ( ! advisability ( cont9u+ ! /ruggle4 ,art4 ,,vi4 ,"s ,ma9 & ,unclassifi$ ,motions4 ,see #ae = a li/ ( ^! motions4 #ce4 ,to ,take f ! ,table takes prec$5ce ( no p5d+ "q1 b has ! "r ( way 9 pref]5ce to ma9 motions if made dur+ ! session 9 :i* x 0 laid on ! table :ile no "q is actually p5d+1 & at a "t :5 bus9ess ( ?is class1 or unf9i%$ bus9ess1 or new bus9ess1 is 9 ord]2 & also dur+ ! next session 9 societies hav+ regul> bus9ess meet+s z frequ5tly z qu>t]ly4 ,x yields to privileg$ #ad & incid5tal #ac motions1 b n to subsidi>y #ab ones4 ,x is undebatable1 & no subsidi>y motion c be appli$ to x4 ,x is n 9 ord] unless "s bus9ess has be5 transact$ s9ce ! "q 0 laid on ! table1 nor c x be r5ew$ until "s bus9ess has be5 transact$ s9ce x 0 lo/4 ,! motion to take f ! table _c be reconsid]$1 z x c be r5ew$ repeat$ly if lo/1 &1 if c>ri$1 ! "q c be aga9 laid on ! table aft] progress 9 debate or bus9ess4 ,9 ord9>y delib]ative assemblies1 a "q is suppos$ to be laid on ! table only tempor>ily ) ! expectation ( its consid]ation be+ resum$ aft] ! disposal ( ! int]rupt+ "q1 or at a m conv5i5t season4#bi ,z soon z ! "q t 0 introduc$ :5 ! fir/ "q 0 laid on ! table1 is dispos$ (1 any "o may move to take ?is fir/ "q f ! table4 ,:5 he rises to make ! motion1 if ! *air recognizes "s "o else z hav+ fir/ ris51 he %\ld at once say t he rises to move to take a "q f ! table4 ,! *air !n assigns him ! floor if ! o!r memb] has ris5 to make a ma9 motion4 ,if ! new ma9 motion has be5 /at$ by ! *air be=e he claims ! floor1 he mu/ wait until t "q is dispos$ ( be=e 8 motion w be 9 ord]4 ,:5 tak5 up1 ! "q ) ev]y?+ adh]+ to x is be=e ! assembly exactly z :5 x 0 laid on ! table4 ,?us1 if a resolution has am5dm5ts & a motion to commit p5d+ at ! "t x 0 laid on ! table1 :5 x is tak5 f ! table ! "q is fir/ on ! motion to commit4 ,if a motion to po/pone to a c]ta9 "t is p5d+ :5 ! "q is laid on ! table1 & x is tak5 f ! table aft] t "t1 !n ! motion to po/pone is ignor$ :5 ! "q is tak5 up4 ,if ! "q is tak5 up on ! day x 0 laid on ! table1 memb]s :o h exhau/$ _! "r ( debate _c aga9 speak on ! "q4 ,b if tak5 up on ano!r day1 no notice is tak5 ( spee*es previ\sly made4 ,! previ\s "q is n exhau/$ if ! "q ^u :i* x 0 ord]$ is tak5 f ! table at ! same session1 ev5 ?\gh x is on ano!r day4 #bi ,see foot note on page #ajg1 = ! ,congressional practice4 ,z /at$ !re1 ,congress has ab&on$ ! ord9>y p>liam5t>y use ( ! motion to lay on ! table & has conv]t$ x into a motion to enable ! majority to kill a measure in/antly4 ,!re=e ,congressional practice 9 reg>d to lay+ on1 or tak+ f1 ! table is ( no au?ority 9 assemblies us+ ^! motions 9 ! common p>liam5t>y law s5se4 #cf4 ,reconsid]4#cj ,?is motion is peculi> 9 t ! mak+ ( ! motion has a high] rank ?an its consid]ation1 & = a c]ta9 "t prev5ts any?+ be+ done z ! result ( ! vote x is propos$ to reconsid]4 ,x c be made only on ! day ! vote to be reconsid]$ 0 tak51 or on ! next succe$+ day1 a legal holiday or a recess n be+ c\nt$ z a day4 ,x mu/ be made by "o :o vot$ ) ! prevail+ side4 ,any memb] may second x4 ,x c be made :ile any o!r "q is p5d+1 ev5 if ano!r memb] has ! floor1 or aft] x has be5 vot$ to adj\rn1 provid$ ! *air has n decl>$ ! assembly adj\rn$4 ,x may be made aft] ! previ\s "q has be5 ord]$1 9 :i* case x & ! motion to be reconsid]$ are undebatable4 #cj ,h4 ,r4 ,rule #ah4 #a4 is z foll[s3 8#a4 ,:5 a motion has be5 made & c>ri$1 or lo/1 x %all be 9 ord] = any memb] ( ! majority1 on ! same or succe$+ day1 to move = ! reconsid]ation !re(1 & su* motion %all take prec$5ce ( all o!r que/ions except ! consid]ation ( a conf]5ce report or a motion to adj\rn1 & %all n be )drawn aft] ! said succe$+ day )\t ! cons5t ( ! ,h\se1 & !reaft] any memb] may call x up = consid]ation3 ,provid$4 ,t su* motion1 if made dur+ ! la/ six days ( a session1 %all be dispos$ ( :5 made40 ,?is rule is con/ru$ to mean t ! motion to reconsid] may be made by any memb] :o vot$ on ! "q1 except :5 ! yeas & nays 7 ord]$ to be record$ 9 ! j\rnal1 :i* is done1 h[ev]1 ) e important vote4 ,:ile ! mak+ ( ! motion to reconsid] has su* high privilege1 its consid]ation has only ! rank ( ! motion to be reconsid]$1 ?\gh x has ! "r ( way 9 pref]5ce to any new motion ( equal rank1 z illu/rat$ fur!r on2 & ! reconsid]ation ( a vote dispos+ ( a ma9 "q ei!r tempor>ily or p]man5tly may be call$ up1 :5 no "q is p5d+1 ev5 ?\gh ! g5]al ord]s are be+ c>ri$ out4 ,! motion to reconsid] _c be am5d$1 po/pon$ indef9itely1 or committ$4 ,if ! reconsid]ation is laid on ! table or po/pon$ def9itely1 ! "q to be reconsid]$ & all adh]+ que/ions g ) x4#ca ,! previ\s "q & ! motions limit+ or ext5d+ ! limits ( debate may be appli$ to x :5 x is debatable4 ,x is undebatable only :5 ! motion to be reconsid]$ is undebatable4 ,:5 debatable x op5s to debate ! m]its ( ! "q to be reconsid]$4 ,x _c be )drawn aft] x is too late to r5ew ! motion4 ,if ! motion to reconsid] is lo/ x _c be repeat$ except by g5]al cons5t4 ,no "q c be twice reconsid]$ unless x 0 mat]ially am5d$ aft] its fir/ reconsid]ation4 ,a reconsid]ation requires only a majority vote1 reg>dless ( ! vote necess>y to adopt ! motion reconsid]$4 #ca ,9 ,congress x is usual = ! memb] 9 *>ge ( an important bill z soon z x is pass$ to move its reconsid]ation1 & at ! same "t to move t ! reconsid]ation be laid on ! table4 ,if ! latt] motion is adopt$ ! reconsid]ation is dead & ! bill is 9 ! same condition z if ! reconsid]ation _h be5 vot$ on & lo/4 ,^! ,rules1 l ! common p>liam5t>y law1 c>ry ! bill to ! table1 f :i* x c\ld be tak5 at any "t4 ,see note1 p4 #aee4 ,unless !re is a special rule all[+ x1 ! two motions c\ld n be made at ! same "t 9 an ord9>y society4 ,! motion to reconsid] _c be appli$ to a vote on a motion t may be r5ew$ )9 a reasonable "t2 or :5 practically ! same result may be atta9$ by "s o!r p>liam5t>y motion2 or :5 ! vote has be5 p>tially execut$ 7except 9 case ( ! motion to limit debate71 or some?+ has be5 done z ! result ( ! vote t ! assembly _c undo2 or to an affirmative vote 9 ! nature ( a contract1 :5 ! o!r p>ty to ! contract has be5 notifi$ ( ! vote2 or to a vote on ! motion to reconsid]4 ,9 accordance ) ^! pr9ciples1 votes on ! foll[+ motions _c be reconsid]$3 ,adj\rn2 ,take a ,recess2 ,lay on ! ,table2 ,take f ! ,table2 ,susp5d ! ,rules or ,ord] ( ,bus9ess2 & ,reconsid]4 ,affirmative votes on ! foll[+ _c be reconsid]$3 ,proce$ to ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day2 ,adopt1 or aft] !y are adopt$1 to ,am5d1 or ,repeal1 or ,resc9d1 ! ,con/itution1 ,by-laws1 or ,rules ( ,ord] or any o!r rules t require previ\s notice = _! am5dm5t2 ,elect to memb]%ip or (fice if ! memb] or (fic] is pres5t & does n decl9e1 or if abs5t & has le>n$ ( 8 election 9 ! usual way & has n decl9$2 to ,reop5 ,nom9ations4 ,a negative vote on ! motion to ,po/pone ,indef9itely _c be reconsid]$ z practically ! same "q comes up aga9 :5 ! vote is tak5 on ! ma9 "q4 ,aft] a committee has tak5 up ! matt] ref]r$ to x1 x is too late to reconsid] ! vote committ+ x1 ?\gh ! committee may be dis*>g$4 ,b aft] debate has proce$$ "u an ord] limit+ or ext5d+ ! limits ( debate1 ! vote mak+ t ord] may be reconsid]$1 z ! debate may develop facts t make x desirable to return to ! regul> rules ( debate4 ,! m9utes1 or record ( proce$+s1 may be correct$ at any "t )\t reconsid]+ ! vote approv+ !m4 ,if ! ma9 "q is p5d+ & x is mov$ to reconsid] ! vote on any subsidi>y #ab1 incid5tal #ac1 or privileg$ #ad motion1 ! *air /ates ! "q on ! reconsid]ation ! mom5t ! motion to be reconsid]$ is 9 ord] if x 7 made !n = ! fir/ "t4 ,?us1 if1 :ile ! motions to commit1 = ! previ\s "q1 & to lay on ! table are p5d+1 x is mov$ to reconsid] a negative vote on po/pon+ to a c]ta9 "t1 ! *air proce$s to take ! vote on lay+ on ! table &1 if t is lo/1 next on ! previ\s "q1 & !n on reconsid]+ ! vote on ! po/ponem5t1 & if t is adopt$1 !n on ! po/ponem5t1 & if t is lo/1 !n on to commit4 ,if ! motion to lay on ! table _h be5 c>ri$1 !n :5 ! "q 0 tak5 f ! table ! same me?od ( proc$ure w\ld be foll[$2 t is1 ! "q w\ld be fir/ on ord]+ ! previ\s "q1 & next on reconsid]+ ! vote on ! po/ponem5t1 etc4 ,if ! reconsid]ation ( an am5dm5t ( ! fir/ degree is mov$ :ile ano!r am5dm5t ( ! same degree is p5d+1 ! p5d+ am5dm5t is fir/ dispos$ ( & !n ! *air ann\nces ! "q on ! reconsid]ation ( ! am5dm5t4 ,if ! reconsid]ation ( an am5dm5t to an imm$iately p5d+ "q is mov$ ! *air at once ann\nces ! "q on ! reconsid]ation4 ,if ! reconsid]ation is mov$ :ile ano!r subject is be=e ! assembly1 x _c int]rupt ! p5d+ bus9ess1 b1 z soon z t has be5 dispos$ (1 if call$ up x has ! pref]5ce ov] all o!r ma9 motions & g5]al ord]s4 ,9 su* a case ! *air does n /ate ! "q on ! reconsid]ation until x is call$ up4 ,if ! motion to reconsid] is made at a "t :5 ! reconsid]ation c\ld be call$ up if x _h be5 previ\sly made1 ! *air at once /ates ! "q on ! reconsid]ation1 unless ! mov] adds to 8 motion ! words1 8& h x ent]$ on ! m9utes10 z expla9$ fur!r on4 ,if1 aft] ! vote has be5 tak5 on ! adoption ( a ma9 motion1 x is desir$ to reconsid] ! vote on an am5dm5t1 x is necess>y to reconsid] ! vote on ! ma9 "q also1 & "o motion %\ld be made to cov] bo? votes4 ,! same pr9ciple applies 9 case ( an am5dm5t to an am5dm5t1 :e!r ! vote has be5 tak5 on ! resolution1 or only on ! am5dm5t ( ! fir/ degree4 ,:5 ! motion cov]s ! reconsid]ation ( two or ?ree votes1 ! debate is limit$ to ! "q t 0 fir/ vot$ on4 ,?us1 if ! motion is to reconsid] ! votes on a resolution & am5dm5ts ( ! fir/ & second degree1 ! debate is limit$ to ! am5dm5t ( ! second degree4 ,if ! motion to reconsid] is adopt$ ! *air /ates ! "q on ! am5dm5t ( ! second degree & recognizes ! mov] ( ! reconsid]ation z entitl$ to ! floor4 ,! "q is n[ 9 exactly ! same condition x 0 9 j previ\s to tak+ ! orig9al vote on t am5dm5t4 ,! ,=ms ( mak+ ?is motion are z foll[s3 8,i move to reconsid] ! vote on ! resolution relat+ to a banquet40 8,i move to reconsid] ! vote on ! am5dm5t to /rike out #8,w$nesday' & ins]t #8,?ursday4'0 ,?is =m is us$ :5 ! resolution is /ill p5d+4 8,i move to reconsid] ! votes on ! resolution relat+ to a banquet & on ! am5dm5t to /rike out #8,w$nesday' & ins]t #8,?ursday4'0 ,?is =m is us$ :5 ! vote has be5 tak5 on ! resolution1 & x is desir$ to reconsid] ! vote on an am5dm5t4 ,:5 ! motion to reconsid] is made ! *air /ates ! "q1 if x c !n be consid]$1 & proce$s z ) any o!r "q4 ,if x _c be consid]$ at t "t1 he says1 8,mr4 ,a moves to reconsid] ! vote on4444 ,! secret>y w make a note ( x10 & proce$s ) ! p5d+ bus9ess4 ,! reconsid]ation1 aft] be+ mov$1 is br\ght be=e ! assembly = action z expla9$ 9 ! previ\s p>agraph4 ,if x is call$ up by a memb]1 he simply says1 aft] obta9+ ! floor1 8,i call up ! motion to reconsid] ! vote on44444440 ,?is call requires no second or vote4 ,if ! call is 9 ord]1 z previ\sly expla9$1 ! *air says1 8,! motion to reconsid] ! vote or votes on 444444444 is call$ up4 ,! "q is1 #8,w ! assembly reconsid] ! vote or votes on4444444448 ,are y ready = ! "q8'0 ,if ! reconsid]ation is "o t ! *air /ates ! "q on z soon z x c be consid]$ 7z :5 x is mov$ to reconsid] an am5dm5t :ile ano!r am5dm5t is p5d+71 z soon z ! prop] "t arrives ! *air /ates ! "q on ! reconsid]ation ! same z if ! motion to reconsid] 7 made at ?is "t4 ,:5 ! debate1 if !re is any1 is f9i%$1 he puts ! "q ?us3 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( reconsid]+ ! vote on ! resolution relat+ to a banquet1 say aye2 ^? oppos$ say no4 ,! ayes h x & ! vote on ! resolution is reconsid]$4 ,! "q is n[ on ! resolution1 :i* is10 etc4 ,or1 ! "q may be put ?us3 8,! "q is1 ,w ! assembly reconsid] ! votes on ! resolution relat+ to a banquet1 & on ! am5dm5t to /rike out #8,w$nesday' & ins]t #8,?ursday8' ,z _m z are 9 favor ( ! reconsid]ation say aye2 ^? oppos$ say no4 ,! ayes h x & ! votes on ! resolution & ! am5dm5t are reconsid]$4 ,! "q is n[ on ! am5dm5t1 :i* is10 etc4 ,if ! motion to reconsid] is adopt$ ! bus9ess is 9 exactly ! same condition x 0 9 be=e tak+ ! vote1 or ! votes1 t h be5 reconsid]$1 & ! *air in/antly /ates ! "q on ! imm$iately p5d+ "q1 :i* is !n op5 to debate & am5dm5t z be=e4 ,! ,effect ( ,mak+ ?is motion is to susp5d all action t ! orig9al motion w\ld h requir$ until ! reconsid]ation is act$ ^u2 b if x is n call$ up1 ?is effect t]m9ates ) ! session#cb #fc1 except 9 an assembly hav+ regul> meet+s z (t5 z qu>t]ly1 :51 if n call$ up1 its effect does n t]m9ate till ! close ( ! next regul> session4 ,z long z its effect la/s1 any "o at an adj\rn$1 or a special1 or a regul> meet+1 may call up ! motion to reconsid] & h x act$ ^u1 ?\gh x is n usual = any "o b ! mov] to call x up on ! day x is made if ! session la/s beyond t day & !re is no ne$ ( prompt action4 #cb ,9 ,congress ! effect always t]m9ates ) ! session1 & x _c be call$ up by any "o b ! mov]1 until ! expiration ( ! "t dur+ :i* x w be 9 ord] to move a reconsid]ation4 ,! ,effect ( ! ,adoption ( ?is motion is to place be=e ! assembly ! orig9al "q 9 ! exact position x occupi$ be=e x 0 vot$ ^u2 consequ5tly no "o1 aft] ! reconsid]ation is adopt$1 c debate ! "q reconsid]$ :o _h on t day exhau/$ 8 "r ( debate on t "q2 8 only rec\rse is to discuss ! "q :ile ! motion to reconsid] is be=e ! assembly4 ,if ! "q is n reconsid]$ until a lat] day ?an t on :i* ! vote to be reconsid]$ 0 tak51 !n x is op5 to free debate reg>dless ( spee*es made previ\sly4 ,:5 a vote tak5 "u ! op]ation ( ! previ\s "q is reconsid]$1 ! "q is !n dive/$ ( ! previ\s "q1 & is op5 to debate & am5dm5t1 provid$ ! previ\s "q _h be5 exhau/$ by votes tak5 on all ! que/ions cov]$ by x1 be=e ! motion to reconsid] 0 made4 ,9 /&+ & special committees a vote may be reconsid]$ reg>dless ( ! "t elaps$ s9ce ! vote 0 tak51 provid$ ! motion is made by "o :o did n vote ) ! los+ side1 & t all memb]s :o vot$ ) ! prevail+ side are pres5t1 or h receiv$ due notice t ! reconsid]ation w\ld be mov$ at ?is meet+4 ,a vote _c be reconsid]$ 9 committee ( ! :ole4 ,reconsid] & ,h ,ent]$ on ! ,m9utes4 #cc ,! motion to reconsid]1 z previ\sly expla9$ 9 ?is section1 provides means = correct+1 at lea/ on ! day on :i* x occurr$1 errors due to ha/y action4 ,by us+ ! same motion & hav+ x ent]$ on ! m9utes s t x _c be call$ up until ano!r day1 a means is provid$ = prev5t+ a tempor>y majority f tak+ action t is oppos$ by ! majority ( ! society4 ,?is is ne$$ 9 l>ge societies ) frequ5t meet+s & small quorums1 ! att5dance 9 _m cases n exce$+ t5 p] c5t ( ! memb]%ip4 ,x enables a society ) a small quorum to protect itself f injudici\s action by tempor>y majorities1 )\t requir+ previ\s notice ( ma9 motions & am5dm5ts z is done 9 ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t4 ,to accompli% ?is1 h[ev]1 x is necess>y to all[ ?is =m ( ! motion to be appli$ to a vote f9ally dispos+ ( a ma9 motion1 reg>dless ( ! fact t ! motion to reconsid] has already be5 made4 ,o!rwise x w\ld be useless1 z x w\ld g5]ally be =e/all$ by ! motion to reconsid]1 9 its simple =m1 :i* w\ld be vot$ d[n1 & !n ?is motion c\ld n be made4 ,z ?is =m ( ! motion is design$ only to be us$ :5 ! meet+ is an unrepres5tative "o1 ?is fact %\ld be v app>5t1 & "s memb]s ( ! tempor>y m9ority %\ld vote ) ! tempor>y majority on adopt+ or po/pon+ indef9itely a ma9 motion ( importance1 :5 !y ?9k ! action is 9 opposition to ! wi%es ( ! great majority ( ! society4 ,"o ( !m %\ld !n move 8to reconsid] ! vote on ! resolution or motion & h x or1 reque/ t x be ent]$ on ! m9utes10 :i* has ! effect ( susp5d+ all action requir$ by ! vote x is propos$ to reconsid]1 z previ\sly expla9$1 & ?us gives "t to notify abs5t memb]s ( ! propos$ action4 ,if no memb] ( ! tempor>y m9ority vot$ ) ! majority1 & x is too late = any "o to *ange 8 vote s z to move to reconsid]1 !n "s "o %\ld give notice ( a motion to resc9d ! objectionable vote at ! next meet+1 :i* may be done by a majority vote aft] ?is notice has be5 giv54 #cc ,9 ,congress1 :]e ! quorum is a majority ( ! memb]s elect$1 & ! memb]s are paid = _! s]vices1 !re is no ne$ = ?is =m ( ! motion4 ,on ! contr>y1 x has be5 f\nd necess>y to provide means by :i* ! majority may1 :5 x pleases1 prev5t ! mak+ ( ! motion to reconsid] by any "o except ! memb] 9 *>ge ( ! measure4 ,%\ld a m9ority make an improp] use ( ?is =m ( ! motion to reconsid] by apply+ x to a vote :i* requir$ action be=e ! next regul> bus9ess meet+1 ! rem$y is at once to vote t :5 ! assembly adj\rns x adj\rns to meet on ano!r day1 appo9t+ a suitable day1 :5 ! reconsid]ation c\ld be call$ up & dispos$ (4 ,! m]e mak+ ( ?is motion w\ld probably cause ! )drawal ( ! motion to reconsid]1 z x w\ld defeat ! object ( t motion if ! majority ( ! society is 9 favor ( ! motion to be reconsid]$4 ,if ! motion to reconsid] is )drawn1 ( c\rse ! o!r w\ld be4 ,?is =m ( ! motion to reconsid] & h ent]$ on ! m9utes diff]s f ! simple =m to reconsid] 9 ! foll[+ respects3 7#a7 ,x c be made only on ! day ! vote to be reconsid]$ is tak54 ,if a meet+ is held on ! next day ! simple =m ( ! motion to reconsid]1 made !n1 accompli%es ! object ( ?is motion by br++ ! "q be=e ! assembly on a diff]5t day f ! "o :5 ! vote 0 tak54 7#b7 ,x outranks ! simple =m ( ! motion to reconsid]1 & may be made ev5 aft] ! vote has be5 tak5 on ! motion to reconsid]1 provid$ ! result ( ! vote has n be5 ann\nc$4 ,if made aft] ! simple =m ( ! motion to reconsid]1 x sup]s$es ! latt]1 :i* is !reaft] ignor$4 7#c7 ,x c be appli$ only to votes :i* f9ally dispose ( ! ma9 "q4 ,!y are z foll[s3 an affirmative or negative vote on adopt+1 & an affirmative vote on po/pon+ indef9itely1 a ma9 "q4 ,& x may be appli$ to a negative vote on ! consid]ation ( a "q t has be5 object$ to1 provid$ ! session ext5ds beyond t day4 7#d7 ,9 an assembly n hav+ regul> bus9ess meet+s z (t5 z qu>t]ly1 x _c be mov$ at ! la/ bus9ess meet+ ( a session4 7#e7 ,x _c be call$ up on ! day x is made1 except :5 x is mov$ on ! la/ day ( a session ( an assembly n hav+ regul> bus9ess sessions z (t5 z qu>t]ly1 :5 any "o c call x up at ! la/ bus9ess meet+ ( ! session4 ,aft] x is call$ up !re is no diff]5ce 9 ! treatm5t ( ! two =ms ( ! motion4 #cg4 ,resc9d1 ,repeal1 or ,annul4 ,any vote tak5 by an assembly1 except ^? m5tion$ fur!r on1 may be resc9d$ by a majority vote1 provid$ notice ( ! motion has be5 giv5 at ! previ\s meet+ or 9 ! call = ?is meet+2 or x may be resc9d$ )\t notice by a two-?irds vote1 or by a vote ( a majority ( ! entire memb]%ip4 ,! notice may be giv5 :5 ano!r "q is p5d+1 b _c int]rupt a memb] :ile speak+4 ,to resc9d is id5tical ) ! motion to am5d some?+ previ\sly adopt$1 by /rik+ out ! entire by-law1 rule1 resolution1 section1 or p>agraph1 & is subject to all ! limitations z to notice & vote t may be plac$ by ! rules on simil> am5dm5ts4 ,x is a ma9 motion )\t any privilege1 & !re=e c be introduc$ only :5 !re is no?+ else be=e ! assembly4 ,x _c be made if ! "q c be rea*$ by call+ up ! motion to reconsid] :i* has be5 previ\sly made4 ,x may be made by any memb]2 x is debatable1 & yields to all privileg$ & incid5tal motions2 & all ( ! subsidi>y motions may be appli$ to x4 ,! motion to resc9d c be appli$ to votes on all ma9 motions1 includ+ que/ions ( privilege & ord]s ( ! day t h be5 act$ ^u1 & to votes on an appeal1 ) ! foll[+ exceptions3 votes _c be resc9d$ aft] some?+ has be5 done z a result ( t vote t ! assembly _c undo2 or :]e x is 9 ! nature ( a contract & ! o!r p>ty is in=m$ ( ! fact2 or1 :]e a resignation has be5 act$ ^u1 or "o has be5 elect$ to1 or expell$ f1 memb]%ip or (fice1 & 0 pres5t or has be5 (ficially notifi$4 ,9 ! case ( expulsion1 ! only way to rev]se ! action aft]w>ds is to re/ore ! p]son to memb]%ip or (fice1 :i* requires ! same prelim9>y /eps & vote z is requir$ = an election4 ,:]e x is desir$ n only to resc9d ! action1 b to express v /rong disapproval1 legislative bodies h1 on r>e occasions1 vot$ to resc9d ! objectionable resolution & expunge x f ! record1 :i* is done by cross+ out ! words1 or draw+ a l9e ar\nd !m1 & writ+ across !m ! words1 8,expung$ by ord] ( ! assembly10 etc41 giv+ ! date ( ! ord]4 ,?is /atem5t %\ld be sign$ by ! secret>y4 ,! words expung$ mu/ n be s blott$ z n to be readable1 z o!rwise x w\ld be impossible to det]m9e :e!r m 0 expung$ ?an ord]$4 ,any vote less ?an a majority ( ! total memb]%ip ( an organization is c]ta9ly incompet5t to expunge f ! records a correct /atem5t ( :at 0 done & record$ & ! record ( :i* 0 (ficially approv$1 ev5 ?\gh a quorum is pres5t & ! vote to expunge is unanim\s4 #ch4 ,r5ewal ( a ,motion4 ,:5 an orig9al ma9 motion or an am5dm5t has be5 adopt$1 or reject$1 or a ma9 motion has be5 po/pon$ indef9itely1 or an objection to its consid]ation has be5 su/a9$1 x1 or practically ! same motion1 _c be aga9 br\ght be=e ! assembly at ! same session1 except by a motion to reconsid] or to resc9d ! vote4 ,b x may be introduc$ aga9 at any future session4 ,9 assemblies hav+ regul> sessions z (t5 at lea/ z qu>t]ly1 a ma9 motion _c be r5ew$ until aft] ! close ( ! next regul> session1 if x 0 po/pon$ to t next session2 or laid on ! table2 or adopt$1 or reject$1 or po/pon$ indef9itely1 & ! motion to reconsid] 0 made & n act$ on at ! previ\s session4 ,9 ^! cases ! "q c be rea*$ at ! next session at ! "t to :i* x 0 po/pon$1 or by tak+ x f ! table1 or by reconsid]+ ! vote4 ,9 assemblies ^: regul> sessions are n z frequ5t z qu>t]ly1 any motion :i* has n be5 committ$ or po/pon$ to ! next session may be r5ew$ at t next session4 ,! motions to adj\rn1 to take a recess1 & to lay on ! table1 may be made aga9 & aga91 provid$ !re has be5 progress 9 debate or bus9ess1 b ! mak+ (1 or vot+ on1 ^! motions is n bus9ess t ju/ifies ! r5ewal ( a motion4 ,nei!r a motion to po/pone indef9itely nor an am5dm5t c be r5ew$ at ! same session1 b ! o!r subsidi>y motions may be r5ew$ :5ev] ! progress 9 debate or bus9ess is su* z to make ! "q be=e ! assembly practically a diff]5t "o4 ,to take f ! table & a call = ! ord]s ( ! day may be r5ew$ aft] ! bus9ess is dispos$ ( t 0 tak5 up :5 ! motion to take f ! table1 or = ! ord]s ( ! day1 0 lo/4 ,to po/pone indef9itely _c be r5ew$ ev5 ?\gh ! ma9 motion has be5 am5d$ s9ce ! indef9ite po/ponem5t 0 previ\sly mov$4 ,a po9t ( ord] _c be rais$ if an id5tical "o has be5 rais$ previ\sly )\t success dur+ ! same session4 ,& aft] ! *air has be5 su/a9$ 9 a rul+ he ne$ n ent]ta9 an appeal f a simil> decision dur+ ! same session4 ,m9utes may be correct$ reg>dless ( ! "t elaps$ & ( ! fact t ! correction _h be5 previ\sly propos$ & lo/4 ,:5 a subject :i* has be5 ref]r$ to a committee is report$ back at ! same meet+1 or a subject t has be5 laid on ! table is tak5 up at ! same meet+1 x is n a r5ewal4 ,! foll[+ motions1 unless !y h be5 )drawn1 _c be r5ew$ at ! same session3 to adopt or po/pone indef9itely an orig9al ma9 motion2 to am5d2 to reconsid]1 unless ! "q to be reconsid]$ 0 am5d$ mat]ially :5 previ\sly reconsid]$2 to object to ! consid]ation ( a "q2 to fix ! same "t to :i* to adj\rn2 to susp5d ! rules = ! same purpose at ! same meet+1 ?\gh x may be r5ew$ at ano!r meet+ held ! same day4 ,x is ! duty ( ! *air to prev5t ! privilege ( r5ewal f be+ us$ to ob/ruct bus9ess1 & :5 x is evid5t t x is be+ s misus$ he %\ld protect ! assembly by refus+ to recognize ! motions1 z expla9$ "u ,dilatory ,motions #dj4 #ci4 ,ratify4 ,?is is a ma9 motion & is us$ :5 x is desir$ to confirm or make valid "s action :i* requires ! approval ( ! assembly to make x valid4 ,! assembly may ratify only su* actions ( its (fic]s or committees1 or delegates1 z x _h ! "r to au?orize 9 advance4 ,x _c make valid a viva voce election :5 ! by-laws require x to be by ballot1 nor c x ratify any?+ done 9 violation ( ! laws ( ! /ate1 or ( its own con/itution or by-laws1 except t x may ratify em]g5cy action tak5 at a meet+ :5 no quorum 0 pres5t1 ev5 ?\gh ! quorum is provid$ = 9 a by-law4 ,a motion to ratify may be am5d$ by sub/itut+ a motion ( c5sure1 & vice v]sa1 :5 ! action has be5 tak5 by an (fic] or o!r repres5tative ( ! assembly4 ,x is debatable & op5s ! entire "q to debate4 #dj4 ,dilatory1 ,absurd1 or ,frivol\s ,motions4 ,= ! conv5i5ce ( delib]ative assemblies1 x is necess>y to all[ "s highly privileg$ motions to be r5ew$ aga9 & aga9 aft] progress 9 debate or ! transaction ( any bus9ess1 & to all[ a s+le memb]1 by call+ = a division1 to h ano!r vote tak54 ,if !re 0 no provision = protect+ ! assembly1 a m9ority ( two memb]s c\ld be con/antly rais+ que/ions ( ord] & appeal+ f e decision ( ! *air1 & call+ = a division on e vote1 ev5 :5 x 0 ne>ly unanim\s1 & mov+ to lay motions on ! table1 & to adj\rn1 & (f]+ am5dm5ts t are simply frivol\s or absurd4 ,by tak+ advantage ( p>liam5t>y =ms & me?ods a small m9ority c\ld practically /op ! bus9ess ( a delib]ative assembly hav+ %ort sessions1 if !re 0 no provision = su* cont+5cy4 ,congress met x by adopt+ ?is rule3 8,no dilatory motion %all be ent]ta9$ by ! speak]40 ,b1 )\t adopt+ any rule on ! subject1 e delib]ative assembly has ! inh]5t "r to protect itself f be+ impos$ ^u by memb]s us+ p>liam5t>y =ms to prev5t x f do+ ! v ?+ = :i* x is 9 session1 & :i* ^! =ms 7 design$ to assi/1 namely1 to transact bus9ess4 ,!re=e1 :5ev] ! *air is satisfi$ t memb]s are us+ p>liam5t>y =ms m]ely to ob/ruct bus9ess1 he %\ld ei!r n recognize !m1 or else rule !m out ( ord]4 ,aft] ! *air has be5 su/a9$ ^u an appeal1 he %\ld n ent]ta9 ano!r appeal f ! same ob/ructioni/s :ile !y are engag$ evid5tly 9 try+ by t means to ob/ruct bus9ess4 ,:ile ! *air %\ld always be c\rte\s & fair1 he %\ld be firm 9 protect+ ! assembly f imposition1 ev5 ?\gh x be done 9 /rict con=mity ) all p>liam5t>y rules except ?is "o1 t no dilatory1 absurd1 or frivol\s motions are all[$4 ,z an illu/ration ( a frivol\s or absurd motion1 suppose ,mr4 ,a is to be 9 ! city next week & a motion has be5 made to invite him to address ! assembly at its next meet+1 ! meet+s be+ weekly4 ,n[1 if a motion is made to ref] ! "q to a committee ) in/ructions to report at ! next regul> meet+1 ! *air %\ld rule x out ( ord] z frivol\s or absurd4 #da4 ,call ( ! ,h\se4#cd 7,?is _c be us$ 9 ord9>y assemblies1 z !y h n ! p[] to compel ! att5dance ( memb]s47 #cd ,9 ! e>ly hi/ory ( our ,congress a call ( ! h\se requir$ a day's notice1 & 9 ! ,engli% ,p>liam5t x is usual to ord] t ! call %all be made on a c]ta9 day 9 ! future1 usually n ov] t5 days aft]w>ds1 ?\gh x has be5 z long z six weeks aft]w>ds4 ,! object ( ?is is to give notice s t all ! memb]s may be pres5t on t day1 :5 important bus9ess is to come be=e ! h\se4 ,9 ,congress a call ( ! h\se is only us$ n[ :5 no quorum is pres5t1 & z soon z a quorum appe>s x is usual to disp5se ) fur!r proce$+s 9 ! call1 & ?is is 9 ord] at any /age ( ! proce$+s4 ,9 ,congress x is cu/om>y aft]w>ds to remit ! fees t h be5 assess$4 ,9 "s ( our legislative bodies proce$+s 9 ! call _c be disp5s$ ) except a majority ( ! memb]s elect to vote 9 favor ( s do+4 ,! object ( a call ( ! h\se is to compel ! att5dance ( abs5t memb]s1 & is all[able only 9 assemblies t h ! p[] to compel ! att5dance ( abs5tees4 ,x is usual to provide 9 su* assemblies t :5 no quorum is pres5t1 a specifi$ small numb] c ord] a call ( ! h\se4 ,9 ,congress a call ( ! h\se may be ord]$ by a majority vote1 provid$ "o-fif? ( ! memb]s elect are pres5t4 ,a rule l ! foll[+ w\ld answ] = city c\ncils & o!r simil> bodies t h ! p[] to en=ce att5dance4 ,rule4 ,:5 no quorum is pres5t1 if "o-fif? ( ! memb]s elect are pres5t1 !y may by a majority vote ord] a call ( ! h\se & compel ! att5dance ( abs5t memb]s4 ,aft] ! call is ord]$1 a motion to adj\rn1 or to disp5se ) fur!r proce$+s 9 ! call1 _c be ent]ta9$ until a quorum is pres5t1 or until ! s]geant-at-arms#ce reports t 9 8 op9ion no quorum c be obta9$ on t day4 #ce ,! t]m s]geant-at-arms %\ld be replac$ by 8*ief ( police10 or ! title ( :atev] (fic] s]ves ! w>rant4 ,if no quorum is pres5t1 a call ( ! h\se takes prec$5ce ( ev]y?+1 ev5 read+ ! m9utes1 except ! motion to adj\rn1 & only requires 9 its favor ! numb] specifi$ 9 ! rule4 ,if a quorum is pres5t a call %\ld rank ) que/ions ( privilege #ai1 requir+ a majority vote = its adoption1 & if reject$ x %\ld n be r5ew$ :ile a quorum is pres5t at t meet+4 ,aft] a call is ord]$1 until fur!r proce$+s 9 ! call are disp5s$ )1 no motion is 9 ord] except to adj\rn & a motion relat+ to ! call1 s t a recess c\ld n be tak5 by unanim\s cons5t4 ,an adj\rnm5t puts an end to all proce$+s 9 ! call1 except t ! assembly be=e adj\rnm5t1 if a quorum is pres5t1 c ord] su* memb]s z are already arre/$ to make _! excuse at an adj\rn$ meet+4 ,proce$+s 9 a ,call ( ! ,h\se4 ,:5 ! call is ord]$ ! cl]k calls ! roll ( memb]s alphabetically1 not+ ! abs5tees2 he !n calls ov] aga9 ! names ( abs5tees1 :5 excuses#cf c be made2 aft] ?is ! doors are lock$1 no "o be+ p]mitt$ to leave1 & an ord] simil> 9 =m to ! foll[+ is adopt$3 8,ord]$1 ,t ! s]geant-at-arms take into cu/ody1 & br+ to ! b> ( ! ,h\se1 su* ( its memb]s z are abs5t )\t ! leave ( ! ,h\se40 ,a w>rant sign$ by ! presid+ (fic] & atte/$ by ! cl]k1 ) a li/ ( abs5tees atta*$1 is !n giv5 to ! s]geant-at-arms1 :o imm$iately proce$s to arre/ ! abs5tees4 ,:5 he appe>s ) memb]s "u arre/1 he proce$s to ! *airman's desk 7be+ ann\nc$ by ! door-keep] 9 l>ge bodies71 foll[$ by ! arre/$ memb]s1 & makes 8 return4 ,! *airman arraigns ea* memb] sep>ately1 & asks :at excuse he has to (f] = be+ abs5t f ! sitt+s ( ! assembly )\t its leave4 ,! memb] /ates 8 excuse1 & a motion is made t he be dis*>g$ f cu/ody & admitt$ to 8 seat ei!r )\t paym5t ( fees or aft] pay+ 8 fees4 ,until a memb] has paid ! fees assess$ aga9/ him he _c vote or be recogniz$ by ! *air = any purpose4 #cf ,x is usual 9 ,congress to excuse ^? :o h 8pair$ (f10 t is1 two memb]s on opposite sides ( ! p5d+ "q :o h agre$ t :ile "o is abs5t ! o!r w n vote on ! "q4 ,pair+ %\ld n be all[$ on que/ions requir+ a two-?irds vote4 ,art4 ,,vii4 ,debate4 ,,page #db4 ,debate #agh #dc4 ,decorum 9 ,debate #ahj #dd4 ,clos+ & ,prev5t+ ,debate #ahb #de4 ,pr9ciples ( ,debate & ,undebatable ,motions #ahd #db4 ,debate4 ,9 #a-f are expla9$ ! necess>y /eps prelim9>y to debate--namely1 t :5 no bus9ess is p5d+ a memb] %all rise & address ! *air by 8 title1 & be recogniz$ by ! *air z hav+ obta9$ ! floor2 & t ! memb] %all !n make a motion :i*1 aft] be+ second$1 %all be /at$ by ! *air1 :o %all !n ask1 8,are y ready = ! "q80 ,! "q is !n op5 to debate1 z is p>tially expla9$ 9 #g1 :i* %\ld be read 9 connection ) ?is section4 ,no memb] %all speak m ?an twice dur+ ! same day to ! same "q 7only once on an appeal71 nor long] ?an t5 m9utes at "o "t1 )\t leave ( ! assembly2 & ! "q ^u grant+ ! leave %all be decid$ by a two-?irds vote )\t debate4#cg ,no memb] c speak a second "t to a "q z long z any memb] desires to speak :o has n spok5 to ! "q4 ,if great] fre$om is desir$1 ! prop] c\rse is to g into committee ( ! :ole1 or to consid] x in=mally1 ei!r ( :i* requires only a majority vote2 or to ext5d ! limits ( debate #cj1 :i* requires a two-?irds vote4 ,s ! debate1 by a two-?irds vote1 may be limit$ to any ext5t desir$1 z %[n 9 #cj4 ,! memb] ^u ^: motion ! subject 0 br\ght be=e ! assembly1 is entitl$ to close ! debate ) a spee*1 if he has n previ\sly exhau/$ 8 tw5ty m9utes1 b n until e "o else wi%+ to speak has spok54 ,he _c1 h[ev]1 avail himself ( ?is privilege aft] debate has be5 clos$4#ch ,an am5dm5t1 or any o!r motion1 be+ (f]$1 makes ! real "q be=e ! assembly a diff]5t "o1 &1 9 reg>d to ! "r to debate1 is treat$ z a new "q4 ,:5 an am5dm5t is p5d+ ! debate mu/ be conf9$ to ! m]its ( ! am5dm5t1 unless x is ( su* a nature t its decision practically decides ! ma9 "q4 ,m]ely ask+ a "q1 or mak+ a sugge/ion1 is n consid]$ z speak+4 ,! mak] ( a motion1 ?\gh he c vote aga9/ x1 _c speak aga9/ 8 own motion4 ,to close ! debate see #dd4 #cg ,! limit ( "t %\ld v>y to suit circum/ances1 b ! limit ( two spee*es ( t5 m9utes ea* w usually answ] 9 ord9>y assemblies1 &1 :5 desirable1 by a two-?irds vote x c be increas$ or dim9i%$ z %[n 9 #cj4 ,9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives no memb] c speak m ?an once to ! same "q1 nor long] ?an "o h\r4 ,9 ! ,s5ate !re is no limit to ! l5g? ( a spee*1 & no s5ator c speak m ?an twice on ! same day to ! same "q )\t leave ( ! ,s5ate1 :i* "q is undebatable4 #ch ,=m]ly ! memb] :o report$ a proposition f a committee 0 p]mitt$ to close ! debate 9 ! ,h\se aft] ! previ\s "q 0 ord]$1 provid$ he _h n us$ all ( 8 h\r previ\sly4 ,! "r ( memb]s to debate & make motions _c be cut (f by ! *air's putt+ a "q to vote ) su* rapidity z to prev5t ! memb]'s gett+ ! floor aft] ! *air has inquir$ if ! assembly is ready = ! "q4 ,ev5 aft] ! *air has ann\nc$ ! vote1 if x is f\nd t a memb] arose & address$ ! *air ) reasonable promptness aft] ! *air ask$1 8,are y ready = ! "q80 he is !n entitl$ to ! floor1 & ! "q is 9 exactly ! same condition x 0 be=e x 0 put to vote4 ,b if ! *air gives ample opportunity = memb]s to claim ! floor be=e putt+ ! "q & !y d n avail !mselves ( x1 !y _c claim ! "r ( debate aft] ! vot+ has comm5c$4 #dc4 ,decorum 9 ,debate4 ,9 debate a memb] mu/ conf9e himself to ! "q be=e ! assembly1 & avoid p]sonalities4 ,he _c reflect ^u any act ( ! assembly1 unless he int5ds to conclude 8 rem>ks ) a motion to resc9d su* action1 or else :ile debat+ su* a motion4 ,9 ref]r+ to ano!r memb]1 he %\ld1 z mu* z possible1 avoid us+ 8 "n1 r ref]r+ to him z 8! memb] :o spoke la/10 or 9 "s o!r way describ+ him4 ,! (fic]s ( ! assembly %\ld always be ref]r$ to by _! (ficial titles4 ,x is n all[able to arraign ! motives ( a memb]1 b ! nature or consequ5ces ( a measure may be condemn$ 9 /rong t]ms4 ,x is n ! man1 b ! measure1 t is ! subject ( debate4 ,if "o desires to ask a "q ( ! memb] speak+1 he %\ld rise1 & )\t wait+ to be recogniz$1 say1 8,mr4 ,*airman1 ,i %\ld l to ask ! g5tleman a "q40 ,! *air !n asks ! speak] if he is will+ to be int]rupt$1 or ! speak] may at once cons5t or decl9e1 address+1 h[ev]1 ! *air1 ?r\gh :om ! conv]sation mu/ be c>ri$ on1 z memb]s _c directly address "o ano!r 9 a delib]ative assembly4 ,if ! speak] cons5ts to ! "q1 ! "t consum$ by ! int]ruption comes out ( ! "t ( ! speak]4 ,if at any "t ! *airman rises to /ate a po9t ( ord]1 or give in=mation1 or o!rwise speak1 )9 8 privilege1 ! memb] speak+ mu/ take 8 seat till ! *airman has be5 he>d fir/4 ,:5 call$ to ord] by ! *air ! memb] mu/ sit d[n until ! "q ( ord] is decid$4 ,if 8 rem>ks are decid$ to be improp]1 he _c proce$1 if any "o objects1 )\t ! leave ( ! assembly express$ by a vote1 ^u :i* "q no debate is all[$4 ,disord]ly words %\ld be tak5 d[n by ! memb] :o objects to !m1 or by ! secret>y1 & !n read to ! memb]4 ,if he d5ies !m1 ! assembly %all decide by a vote :e!r !y are 8 words or n4 ,if a memb] _c ju/ify ! words he us$1 & w n suitably apologize = us+ !m1 x is ! duty ( ! assembly to act 9 ! case4 ,if ! disord]ly words are ( a p]sonal nature1 aft] ea* p>ty has be5 he>d1 & be=e ! assembly proce$s to delib]ate ^u ! case1 bo? p>ties to ! p]sonality %\ld retire1 x be+ a g5]al rule t no memb] %\ld be pres5t 9 ! assembly :5 any matt] relat+ to himself is "u debate4 ,x is n1 h[ev]1 necess>y = ! memb] object+ to ! words to retire unless he is p]sonally involv$ 9 ! case4 ,disord]ly words to ! presid+ (fic]1 or 9 respect to ! (ficial acts ( an (fic]1 d n involve ! (fic] s z to require him to retire4 ,if any bus9ess has tak5 place s9ce ! memb] spoke1 x is too late to take notice ( any disord]ly words he us$4 ,dur+ debate1 & :ile ! *airman is speak+1 or ! assembly is engag$ 9 vot+1 no memb] is p]mitt$ to di/urb ! assembly by :isp]+1 or walk+ across ! floor1 or 9 any o!r way4 #dd4 ,clos+ ,debate & ,prev5t+ ,debate4 ,:5 ! debate appe>s to ! *airman to be f9i%$1 he %\ld inquire1 8,are y ready = ! "q80 ,if1 aft] a reasonable pause1 no "o rises to claim ! floor1 ! *air assumes t no memb] wi%es to speak &1 /&+1 proce$s to put ! "q4 ,debate is n clos$ by ! *airman's ris+ & putt+ ! "q1 z until bo? ! affirmative & ! negative are put1 a memb] c rise & claim ! floor1 & reop5 ! debate or make a motion1 provid$ he rises ) reasonable promptness aft] ! *air asks1 8,are y ready = ! "q80 ,if ! debate is resum$ ! "q mu/ be put aga91 bo? ! affirmative & ! negative4 ,%\ld ?is privilege be abus$ by memb]s n respond+ to ! inquiry1 8,are y ready = ! "q80 & int5tionally wait+ until ! affirmative vote has be5 tak5 & !n ris+ & reop5+ ! debate1 ! *air %\ld act z 9 case ( dilatory motions #dj1 or any o!r attempt to ob/ruct bus9ess1 & protect ! assembly f annoyance4 ,:5 a vote is tak5 a second "t1 z :5 a division is call$ =1 debate _c be resum$ except by g5]al cons5t4 ,if two-?irds ( ! assembly wi% to close ! debate )\t all[+ all ! "t desir$ by o!rs1 !y c d s by ord]+ ei!r ! previ\s "q or ! clos+ ( ! debate at a c]ta9 "t2 or !y c limit ! l5g? ( ! spee*es & all[ ea* memb] to speak only once on ea* "q1 z fully expla9$ 9 #bi & #cj4 ,^! motions require a two-?irds#ci vote1 z !y susp5d ! fundam5tal "r ( e memb] ( a delib]ative assembly to h e "q fully discuss$ be=e x is f9ally dispos$ (4 ,a majority vote may lay ! "q on ! table & ?us tempor>ily susp5d ! debate1 b x c be resum$ by tak+ ! "q f ! table by a majority vote :5 no "q is be=e ! assembly #ce1 at a "t :5 bus9ess ( ?is class1 or unf9i%$ bus9ess1 or new bus9ess1 is 9 ord]4 ,if x is desir$ to prev5t any discussion ( a subject1 ev5 by its introduc]1 ! only way to d x is to object to ! consid]ation ( ! "q #bc be=e x is debat$1 or any subsidi>y motion is /at$4 ,if ! objection is su/a9$ by a two-?irds vote1 ! "q is ?r[n out = t session4 #ci ,9 ! ,s5ate n ev5 two-?irds ( ! memb]s c =ce a measure to its passage )\t all[+ debate1 ! ,s5ate rules n recogniz+ ! above motions4 ,9 ! ,h\se1 :]e ea* speak] c occupy ! floor "o h\r1 any ( ^! motions to cut (f debate c be adopt$ by a m]e majority1 b practically !y are n us$ until aft] "s debate4 ,rule #bg1 #c1 ,h4 ,r41 expressly provides t =ty m9utes1 tw5ty on ea* side1 %all be all[$ = debate :5ev] ! previ\s "q is ord]$ on a proposition on :i* !re has be5 no debate1 or :5 ! rules are susp5d$4 ,see note to #bb4 ,9 ord9>y societies h>mony is s ess5tial t a two-?irds vote %\ld be requir$ to =ce ! assembly to a f9al vote )\t all[+ free debate4 #de4 ,pr9ciples ( ,debate & ,undebatable ,motions4 ,all ma9 motions are debatable1 & debate is all[$ or prohibit$ on o!r motions 9 accordance ) ! foll[+ pr9ciples3 7a7 ,high privilege is1 z a rule1 incompatible ) ! "r ( debate ( ! privileg$ motion3 &1 !re=e1 all highly privileg$ motions are undebatable1 except ^? relat+ to ! privileges ( ! assembly or a memb]4 ,que/ions ( privilege #ai r>ely arise1 b :5 !y d1 !y are likely to be s important t !y mu/ be all[$ to int]rupt bus9ess1 & yet !y _c g5]ally be act$ ^u intellig5tly )\t debate1 &1 !re=e1 !y are debatable4 ,! same is true ( appeals f ! decision ( ! *air :i* are debatable1 unless !y relate to indecorum1 or to transgression ( ! rules ( speak+1 or to priority ( bus9ess1 or are made :ile an undebatable "q is p5d+2 9 :i* cases !re is n suffici5t ne$ ( debate to ju/ify mak+ !m an exception to ! rule1 & !re=e an appeal "u any ( ^! circum/ances is undebatable4 7b7 ,motions t h ! effect ( susp5d+ a rule are n debatable4 ,consequ5tly motions to suppress1 or to limit1 or to ext5d ! limits (1 debate are undebatable1 z !y susp5d ! ord9>y rules ( debate4 7c7 ,appeals made aft] ! previ\s "q has be5 ord]$ are undebatable1 z x w\ld be manife/ly improp] to p]mit debate on !m :5 ! assembly by a two-?irds vote has clos$ debate on ! p5d+ "q4 ,s any ord] limit+ debate on ! p5d+ "q applies to que/ions aris+ :ile ! ord] is 9 =ce4 7d7 ,to ,am5d1 or to ,reconsid]1 an undebatable "q is undebatable1 :]eas to am5d1 or to reconsid]1 a debatable "q is debatable4 7e7 ,a ,subsidi>y ,motion #ab is debatable to j ! ext5t t x int]f]es ) ! "r ( ! assembly to take up ! orig9al "q at its pleasure4 ,illu/rations3 ,to 8,po/pone ,indef9itely0 a "q places x out ( ! p[] ( ! assembly to aga9 take x up dur+ t session1 except by reconsid]ation1 & consequ5tly ?is motion all[s ( free debate1 ev5 involv+ ! :ole m]its ( ! orig9al "q4 ,to 8,commit0 a "q only delays ! discussion until ! committee reports1 :5 x is op5 to free debate1 s x is only debatable z to ! propriety ( ! commitm5t & z to ! in/ructions1 etc4 ,to 8,po/pone to a ,c]ta9 ,"t0 prev5ts ! consid]ation ( ! "q till ! specifi$ "t1 except by a reconsid]ation or susp5sion ( ! rules1 & !re=e all[s ( limit$ debate ^u ! propriety ( ! po/ponem5t4 ,to 8,lay on ! ,table0 leaves ! "q s t ! assembly c consid] x at any "t t t "q or t class ( bus9ess is 9 ord]1 & !re=e to lay on ! table %\ld n be1 & is n1 debatable4 ,because a motion is undebatable x does n foll[ t :ile x is p5d+ ! *air may n p]mit a "q or an explanation4 ,! di/9ction betwe5 debate & ask+ que/ions or mak+ brief sugge/ions1 %\ld be kept cle>ly 9 m9d1 & :5 ! latt] w aid ! assembly 9 transact+ bus9ess1 ! *air %\ld p]mit x be=e tak+ ! vote on an undebatable "q4 ,he %\ld1 h[ev]1 rema9 /&+ dur+ ! colloquy to %[ t he has ! floor1 & he %\ld n all[ any m delay 9 putt+ ! "q ?an he feels is helpful to ! bus9ess4 ,! foll[+ li/s ( motions t op5 ! ma9 "q to debate1 & ( ^? t are undebatable1 are made 9 accordance ) ! above pr9ciples3 ,motions ,t ,op5 ! ,ma9 ,"q to ,debate4 ,po/pone ,indef9itely #cd ,reconsid] a ,debatable ,"q #cf ,resc9d #cg ,ratify #ci ,undebatable ,motions4 ,fix ! ,"t to :i* to ,adj\rn 7:5 a privileg$ "q7 #af ,adj\rn 7:5 unqualifi$ 9 an assembly t has provid$ = future meet+s7 #ag ,take a ,recess 7:5 privileg$7 #ah ,call = ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day1 & que/ions relat+ to priority ( bus9ess #bj ,appeal :5 made :ile an undebatable "q is p5d+1 or :5 simply relat+ to indecorum1 or transgression ( ! rules ( speak+1 or to priority ( bus9ess #ba ,susp5sion ( ! ,rules #bb ,objection to ! ,consid]ation ( a ,"q #bc ,incid5tal ,motions1 except an ,appeal z %[n above 9 ?is li/ "u ,appeal #ac ,lay on ! ,table #bh ,previ\s ,"q #bi & ,motions to ,close1 ,limit1 or ,ext5d ! ,limits ( ,debate #cj ,am5d an ,undebatable ,motion #cc ,reconsid] an ,undebatable ,motion #cf ,art4 ,,viii4 ,vote4 ,,page #df4 ,vot+ #ahh #dg4 ,votes t are ,null & ,void ev5 if ,unanim\s #bja #dh4 ,motions requir+ m ?an a majority vote #bjb #df4 ,vot+4 ,if ! "q is undebatable1 or debate has be5 clos$ by ord] ( ! assembly1 ! *air1 imm$iately aft] /at+ ! "q1 puts x to vote z describ$ "u ,putt+ ! ,"q #i1 only all[+ "t = memb]s to rise if !y wi% to make a motion ( high] rank4 ,if ! "q is debatable & no "o rises to claim ! floor1 aft] ! "q is /at$ by ! *air1 he %\ld inquire1 8,are y ready = ! "q80 ,aft] a mom5t's pause1 if no "o rises1 he %\ld put ! "q to vote4 ,if ! "q is debat$ or motions are made1 ! *air %\ld wait until ! debate has app>5tly ceas$1 :5 he %\ld aga9 inquire1 8,are y ready = ! "q80 ,hav+ giv5 ample "t = any "o to rise & claim ! floor1 & no "o hav+ done s1 he %\ld put ! "q to vote & ann\nce ! result4 ,! usual me?od ( tak+ a vote is viva voce 7by ! voice74 ,! rules require ?is me?od to be us$ 9 ,congress4 ,9 small assemblies ! vote is (t5 tak5 by 8%[ ( h&s10 or by 8rais+ ! "r h&0 z x is also call$4 ,! o!r me?ods ( vot+ are by ris+2 by ballot2 by roll call1 or 8yeas & nays10 z x is also call$2 by g5]al cons5t2 & by mail4 ,9 vot+ by any ( ! fir/ ?ree me?ods1 ! affirmative answ] aye1 or raise ! "r h&1 or rise1 z ! case may be3 !n ! negative answ] no1 or raise ! "r h&1 or rise4 ,! responsibility ( ann\nc+1 or decl>+1 ! vote re/s ^u ! *air1 & he1 !re=e1 has ! "r to h ! vote tak5 aga91 by ris+1 if he is 9 d\bt z to ! result1 & ev5 to h ! vote c\nt$1 if necess>y4 ,he _c h ! vote tak5 by ballot or by yeas & nays 7roll call7 unless x is requir$ by ! rules or by a vote ( ! assembly4 ,b if ! viva voce vote does n make him positive z to ! result he may at once say1 8,^? 9 favor ( ! motion w rise20 & :5 !y are seat$ he w cont9ue1 8,^? oppos$ w rise40 ,if ?is does n enable him to det]m9e ! vote1 he %\ld say1 8,^? 9 favor ( ! motion or1 ,^? 9 ! affirmative w rise & /& until c\nt$40 ,he !n c\nts ^? /&+1 or directs ! secret>y to d s1 & !n says1 8,be seat$4 ,^? oppos$ or1 ,^? 9 ! negative rise & /& until c\nt$40 ,aft] bo? sides are c\nt$ ! *air ann\nces ! result z %[n bel[4 ,9 a v l>ge assembly ! *air may f9d x necess>y to appo9t tell]s to c\nt ! vote & report to him ! numb]s4 ,9 small assemblies a %[ ( h&s may be sub/itut$ = a ris+ vote4 ,:5 ! vote is tak5 by voice or %[ ( h&s any memb] has a "r to require a division ( ! assembly #be by hav+ ! affirmative rise & !n ! negative1 s t all may see h[ memb]s vote4 ,ei!r be=e or aft] a decision any memb] may call =1 or dem&1 a c\nt1 &1 if second$1 ! *air mu/ put ! "q on ord]+ a c\nt4 ,9 organizations :]e x is desir$ to all[ less ?an a majority vote to ord] a c\nt or tell]s1 a special rule %\ld be adopt$ specify+ ! necess>y vote4 ,:]e no rule has be5 adopt$ a majority vote is requir$ to ord] a c\nt1 or t ! vote be tak5 by ballot or by yeas & nays 7roll call74 ,ann\nc+ ! ,vote4 ,:5 ! vote has be5 tak5 s t ! *air has no d\bt z to ! result1 & no division is call$ =1 or1 if s1 ! assembly has divid$1 ! *air proce$s to ann\nce1 or decl>e ! vote ?us3 8,! ayes h x & ! resolution is adopt$40 ,if he is n v positive1 he may say1 8,! ayes seem to h x10 &1 if no "o says he d\bts ! vote or calls = a division1 aft] a slight pause he adds1 8,! ayes h x10 etc4 ,if ! vote 0 by %[ ( h&s or by ris+1 x w\ld be ann\nc$ ?us3 8,! affirmative has x 7or1 ! motion is c>ri$7 & ! "q is laid on ! table20 or if !re 0 a c\nt1 ! vote w\ld be ann\nc$ ?us3 8,!re are #ie votes 9 ! affirmative1 & #ii 9 ! negative1 s ! am5dm5t is lo/1 & ! "q is n[ on ! resolution2 are y ready = ! "q80 ,9 ann\nc+ a vote ! *air %\ld /ate fir/ :e!r ! motion is c>ri$ or lo/2 second1 :at is ! effect1 or result1 ( ! vote2 & ?ird1 :at is ! imm$iately p5d+ "q or bus9ess1 if !re is any4 ,if !re is none1 he %\ld ask1 8,:at is ! fur!r pleasure ( ! assembly80 ,"o ( ! mo/ prolific causes ( confusion 9 delib]ative assemblies is ! neglect ( ! *air to keep ! assembly well in=m$ z to :at is ! p5d+ bus9ess4 ,! habit ( ann\nc+ ! vote by simply say+ t ! 8motion is c>ri$0 & !n sitt+ d[n1 _c be too /rongly condemn$4 ,_m memb]s may n "k :at is ! effect ( ! vote1 & x is ! *air's duty to in=m ! assembly :at is ! result ( ! motion's be+ c>ri$ or lo/1 & :at bus9ess comes next be=e ! assembly4 ,:5 a quorum #fd is pres5t1 a majority vote1 t is a majority ( ! votes ca/1 ignor+ blanks1 is suffici5t = ! adoption ( any motion t is 9 ord]1 except ^? m5tion$ 9 #dh1 :i* require a two-?irds vote4 ,a plurality nev] adopts a motion nor elects any "o to (fice1 unless by virtue ( a special rule previ\sly adopt$4 ,on a tie vote ! motion is lo/1 & ! *air1 if a memb] ( ! assembly1 may vote to make x a tie unless ! vote is by ballot4 ,! *air _c1 h[ev]1 vote twice1 fir/ to make a tie & !n give ! ca/+ vote4 ,9 case ( an appeal #ba1 ?\gh ! "q is1 8,%all ! decision ( ! *air /& z ! judgm5t ( ! assembly80 a tie vote1 ev5 ?\gh 8 vote made x a tie1 su/a9s ! *air1 ^u ! pr9ciple t ! decision ( ! *air c be rev]s$ only by a majority1 includ+ ! *air if a memb] ( ! assembly4 ,x is a g5]al rule t no "o c vote on a "q 9 :i* he has a direct p]sonal or pecuni>y int]e/4 ,yet ?is does n prev5t a memb] f vot+ = himself = any (fice or o!r position1 z vot+ = a delegate or = a memb] ( a committee2 nor f vot+ :5 o!r memb]s are includ$ ) him 9 ! motion1 ev5 ?\gh he has a p]sonal or pecuni>y int]e/ 9 ! result1 z vot+ on *>ges pref]r$ aga9/ m ?an "o p]son at a "t1 or on a resolution to increase ! sal>ies ( all ! memb]s4 ,if a memb] c\ld 9 no case vote on a "q affect+ himself1 x w\ld be impossible = a society to vote to hold a banquet1 or = a legislature to vote sal>ies to memb]s1 or = ! majority to prev5t a small m9ority f pref]r+ *>ges aga9/ !m & susp5d+ or expell+ !m4 ,by simply includ+ ! names ( all ! memb]s1 except ^? ( _! own faction1 9 a resolution pref]r+ *>ges aga9/ !m1 ! m9ority c\ld get all ! p[] 9 _! own h&s1 7 x n = ! fact t 9 su* a case all ! memb]s are entitl$ to vote reg>dless ( _! p]sonal int]e/4 ,a s5se ( delicacy usually prev5ts a memb] f ex]cis+ ?is "r ( vot+ 9 matt]s affect+ himself except :]e 8 vote might affect ! result4 ,aft] *>ges are pref]r$ aga9/ a memb]1 & ! assembly has ord]$ him to appe> = trial1 he is !oretically "u arre/1 & is depriv$ ( all rights ( memb]%ip & !re=e _c vote until 8 case is dispos$ (4 ,a memb] has ! "r to *ange 8 vote up to ! "t ! vote is f9ally ann\nc$4 ,aft] t1 he c make ! *ange only by p]mission ( ! assembly1 :i* may be giv5 by g5]al cons5t2 t is1 by no memb]'s object+ :5 ! *air inquires if any "o objects4 ,if objection is made1 a motion may be made to grant ! p]mission1 :i* motion is undebatable4 ,:ile x is ! duty ( e memb] :o has an op9ion on ! "q to express x by 8 vote1 yet he _c be compell$ to d s4 ,he may pref] to ab/a9 f vot+1 ?\gh he kn[s ! effect is ! same z if he vot$ on ! prevail+ side4 ,vot+ by ,ballot4 ,! ma9 object ( ?is =m ( vot+ is secrecy1 & x is resort$ to :5 ! "q is ( su* a nature t "s memb]s might hesitate to vote publicly _! true s5tim5ts4 ,its special use is 9 ! reception ( memb]s1 elections1 & trials ( memb]s & (fic]s1 z well z 9 ! prelim9>y /eps 9 bo? cases1 & ! by-laws %\ld require ! vote to be by ballot 9 su* cases4 ,:]e ! by-laws d n require ! vote to be by ballot1 x c be s ord]$ by a majority vote1 or by g5]al cons5t4 ,su* motions are undebatable4 ,vot+ by ballot is r>ely1 if ev]1 us$ 9 legislative bodies1 b 9 ord9>y societies1 especially secret ones1 x is habitually us$ 9 connection ) elections & trials1 & sometimes = ! selection ( ! next place = ! meet+ ( a conv5tion4 ,z ! usual object ( ! ballot is secrecy1 :]e ! by-laws require ! vote to be tak5 by ballot any motion is out ( ord] :i* memb]s _c oppose )\t expos+ _! views on ! "q to be decid$ by ballot4 ,?us1 x is out ( ord] to move t "o p]son ca/ ! ballot ( ! assembly = a c]ta9 p]son :5 ! by-laws require ! vote to be by ballot4 ,s1 :5 ! ballot is n unanim\s x is out ( ord] to move to make ! vote unanim\s1 unless ! motion is vot$ on by ballot s z to all[ memb]s to vote aga9/ x 9 secrecy4 ,9 "s cases black balls & :ite ones & a ballot box are provid$ = vot+1 :]e ! "q c be answ]$ yes or no4 ,! :ite ball answ]s yes1 & ! black "o no4 ,b 9 ord9>y delib]ative assemblies ! ballots are /rips ( pap] ^u :i* are pr9t$1 or writt51 yes or no1 or ! names ( ! c&idates1 z ! case may be4 ,^! ballots are fir/ di/ribut$ & are aft]w>ds collect$ by tell]s1 ei!r by be+ dropp$ into a hat or box by ! memb]s1 :o rema9 9 _! seats2 or by ! memb]s com+ to ! ballot box & h&+ _! fold$ ballot to a tell]1 :o deposits x 9 ! ballot box4 ,9 ! latt] case x is necess>y = ! tell]s to see t no memb] votes twice1 :i* 9 l>ge societies c be be/ done by *eck+ (f ! names f a li/ ( memb]s z ! ballots are deposit$4 ,! ballots %\ld usually be fold$ s t if m ?an "o is vot$ by ! same p]son ! tell]s w detect x 9 unfold+ ! ballot4 ,9 satisfy+ !mselves t only "o ballot is vot$1 ! vote may be expos$ if ! ballot is n fold$4 ,:5 e "o appe>s to h vot$1 ! *air inquires1 8,h all vot$ :o wi% to80 & if !re is no response he says1 8,! polls are clos$10 :]eupon ! tell]s proce$ to c\nt ! ballots4 ,if 9 unfold+ ! ballots x is f\nd t two h be5 fold$ toge!r1 bo? are reject$ z fraudul5t4 ,a blank piece ( pap] is n c\nt$ z a ballot & w\ld n cause ! rejection ( ! ballot ) :i* x 0 fold$4 ,all blanks are ignor$ z simply wa/e pap]1 & are n report$1 ! memb]s :o d n wi% to vote adopt+ ?is me?od ( conceal+ ! fact4 ,small te*nical errors1 l ! misspell+ ( a ^w1 %\ld n be notic$ if ! mean+ ( ! ballot is cle>4 ,= in/ance1 if at ! trial ( a memb] a ballot 0 writt5 8gilty10 e "o kn[s :at 0 int5d$4 ,9 all cases :]e ! "n on ! ballot s\nds l ! "n ( "o ( ! c&idates x %\ld be s cr$it$4 ,if a ballot is writt5 8,johnson10 or 8,john/on10 or 8,john/one10 x %\ld be cr$it$ to ! c&idate ^: "n is "o ( ^!3 b if !re are two c&idates ) ^! names & no eligible memb] ) ! "n on ! ballot1 x mu/ be reject$ z illegal1 or report$ to ! *air1 :o w at once submit ! "q to ! assembly z to :om ! ballot %\ld be cr$it$4 ,if ^! d\btful ballots w n affect ! result1 ! tell]s may make _! full report )\t ask+ = in/ructions 9 reg>d to !m1 plac+ ^! d\btful votes opposite ! exact "n z writt5 on ! ballot4 ,votes = ineligible p]sons & fraudul5t votes %\ld be report$ "u ! head+ ( 8,illegal ,votes10 aft] ! legal votes4 ,:5 two or ?ree fill$-out ballots are fold$ toge!r !y are c\nt$ z "o fraudul5t vote4 ,! names ( ! c&idates %\ld be arrang$ 9 ord]1 ! "o receiv+ ! highe/ numb] ( legal votes be+ fir/4 ,9 report+ ! numb] ( votes ca/ & ! numb] necess>y = election1 all votes except blanks mu/ be c\nt$4 ,suppose ! tell]s f9d #ajj ballot pap]s1 #d ( :i* are blank1 #a conta9s two fill$-out ones fold$ toge!r1 & #ej are ca/ = a p]son :o is ineligible because ( hav+ held ! (fice z long z p]mitt$ by ! con/itution3 ! tell]s' report %\ld be 9 ?is =m3 ,numb] ( votes ca/ #if ,necess>y = election #di ,mr4 ,a receiv$ #cg ,mr4 ,b receiv$ #h ,illegal ,votes4 ,mr4 ,c 7ineligible7 receiv$ #ej ,"o ballot conta9+ two = ,mr4 ,d1 fold$ toge!r1 reject$ z fraudul5t #a ,! tell] fir/ nam$1 /&+1 addresses ! *air1 reads ! report & h&s x to ! *airman1 & takes 8 seat1 )\t say+ :o is elect$4 ,! *airman aga9 reads ! report ( ! tell]s & decl>es :o is elect$4 ,9 ! case j giv5 he says !re is no election1 /at+ ! reason4 ,if no "o is elect$1 x is necess>y to ballot aga91 & to cont9ue ballot+ until !re is an election4 ,! *airman %\ld always vote 9 case ( a ballot4 ,%\ld he fail to d s be=e ! polls are clos$1 he _c !n d x )\t ! p]mission ( ! assembly4 ,:5 ! tell]s report1 !y %\ld h& ! ballots to ! secret>y1 :o %\ld reta9 !m until x is c]ta9 t ! assembly w n ord] a rec\nt1 :i* is )9 its p[] to d by a majority vote4 ,yeas & ,nays1#dj or ,roll ,call4 ,:5 a vote has be5 ord]$ to be tak5 by yeas & nays see #be = ! motion ! *air puts ! "q 9 a =m simil> to ?is3 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( ! adoption ( ^! resolutions w1 z _! names are call$1 answ] yes or yea2 ^? oppos$ w answ] no or nay40 ,! *airman !n directs ! cl]k to call ! roll4 ,! negative be+ put at ! same "t z ! affirmative1 x is too late1 aft] "o p]son has answ]$ to ! roll call1 to r5ew ! debate4 ,! cl]k calls ! roll1 & ea* memb]1 z 8 "n is call$1 rises & answ]s 8yes0 or 8no10 or 8pres5t0 if he does n wi% to vote1 & ! cl]k notes ! answ]s 9 sep>ate columns4 ,^u ! completion ( ! roll call ! cl]k reads ! names ( ^? :o answ]$ 9 ! affirmative1 & aft]w>ds ^? 9 ! negative1 & !n ^? :o answ]$ 8pres5t10 t mi/akes may be correct$2 he !n gives ! numb] vot+ on ea* side to ! *airman1 :o ann\nces ! result4 ,an entry mu/ be made 9 ! m9utes ( ! names ( all vot+ 9 ! affirmative1 & also ( ^? 9 ! negative1 & ^? :o answ]$ 8pres5t40 ,a conv5i5t me?od ( not+ ! answ]s at ! roll call is to write ! figure #a on ! left ( ! "n ( ! fir/ memb] answ]+ 9 ! affirmative1 ! figure #b to ! left ( ! second "n 9 ! affirmative1 & s on4 ,! negative answ]s are treat$ simil>ly1 be+ ent]$ on ! "r ( ! names1 & ^? answ]+ 8pres5t0 %\ld be ent]$ simil>ly 9 a ?ird column4 ,9 ?is way ! la/ figures on ea* side at any "t %[ h[ ! vote /&s at t "t4 ,! yeas & nays _c be ord]$ 9 committee ( ! :ole4 #dj ,tak+ a vote by yeas & nays1 :i* has ! effect to place on ! record h[ ea* memb] votes1 is peculi> to ?is c\ntry1 &1 :ile x consumes a great deal ( "t1 is r>ely useful 9 ord9>y societies4 ,:ile x c nev] be us$ to h9d] bus9ess1 z long z ! above rule is obs]v$1 x %\ld n be us$ at all 9 a mass meet+1 or 9 any o!r assembly ^: memb]s are n responsible to a con/itu5cy4 ,by ! ,con/itution1 "o-fif? ( ! memb]s pres5t c1 9 ei!r h\se ( ,congress1 ord] a vote to be tak5 by yeas & nays4 ,9 repres5tative bodies ?is me?od ( vot+ is v useful1 especially :]e ! proce$+s are publi%$1 z x enables ! p to "k h[ _! repres5tatives vot$ on important measures4 ,if !re is no legal or con/itutional provision = ! yeas & nays be+ ord]$ by a m9ority 9 a repres5tative body1 !y %\ld adopt a rule all[+ ! yeas & nays to be ord]$ by a "o-fif? vote1 z 9 ,congress1 or ev5 by a mu* small] numb]4 ,9 "s small bodies a vote on a resolution mu/ be tak5 by yeas & nays1 ^u ! dem& ( a s+le memb]4 ,g5]al ,cons5t4 ,bus9ess c be exp$it$ greatly by avoid+ ! =mality ( motions & vot+ 9 r\t9e bus9ess & on que/ions ( little importance1 ! *air assum+ g5]al 7unanim\s7 cons5t until "s "o objects4 ,x does n necess>ily mean t e memb] is 9 favor ( ! motion1 b1 t kn[+ x is useless to oppose x1 or ev5 to discuss x1 ! opposition simply acquiesces 9 ! in=mality4 ,?us1 9 ! case ( approv+ ! m9utes1 ! *air inquires if !re are any corrections1 &1 if "o is sugge/$1 x is made3 :5 no correction or no fur!r correction is sugge/$1 ! *air says3 8,!re be+ no corrections or no fur!r corrections ! m9utes /& approv$40 ,:ile r\t9e & m9or matt]s c be rapidly dispos$ ( 9 ?is way1 if at any "t objection is made ) reasonable promptness1 ! *air ignores :at has be5 done 9 t case ev5 if he has ann\nc$ ! result1 & requires a regul> vote4 ,see also page #bjb4 ,abs5tee ,vot+4 ,9 a /rictly delib]ative assembly no memb] c vote :o is n pres5t :5 ! "q is completely put4 ,b 9 _m societies ! memb]%ip is scatt]$ all ov] a /ate1 or ev5 /ill wid]1 & x has be5 f\nd exp$i5t to provide a me?od ( vot+ t w enable all ! memb]s to vote ^u c]ta9 matt]s1 z ^u am5dm5ts to con/itutions1 by-laws1 & 9 elections ( (fic]s4 ,?is provision1 :5 x is deem$ advisable to adopt x1 %\ld be plac$ 9 ! con/itution or by-laws1 z o!rwise1 unless ! *>t] or /ate laws au?orize abs5tee vot+1 no memb] c vote except 9 p]son4 ,!re are two =ms ( abs5tee vot+--by mail1 & proxy vot+4 ,vot+ by ,mail is us$ = election ( (fic]s1 & = am5dm5ts to ! con/itution or by-laws1 & = su* o!r important matt]s z ! society may ord] to be vot$ on 9 ?is way4 ,if an am5dm5t to ! by-laws is to be vot$ on by mail1 a pr9t$ copy ( ! propos$ am5dm5t is mail$ to e memb]1 ) ! words 8yes0 & 8no0 pr9t$ und]nea?1 or on a sep>ate slip1 ) directions to cross out "o ( !m1 & return 9 ! enclos$ envelope1 ^u :i* %\ld be pr9t$ ! words1 8,ballot = ,am5dm5t to ,con/itution40 ,?is envelope %\ld usually h ! signature ( ! vot] on x1 & be seal$ & enclos$ 9 ano!r "o address$ to ! secret>y1 or to ! *airman ( ! tell]s1 s t ! inn] envelope w n be op5$ except by ! tell]s :5 ! votes are c\nt$4 ,if x is desir$ to pres5t ! argum5ts pro & con1 ! society c all[ ! lead]s on ! two sides to prep>e brief /atem5ts to be pr9t$ & mail$ ) ! propos$ am5dm5t to e memb]4 ,in/ead ( hav+ ! vot]'s signature on ! inn] envelope1 x may be plac$ on ! ballot1 b a place = ! signature %\ld be indicat$1 s t !re may be "s means ( protection aga9/ votes be+ ca/ by o!r ?an legal vot]s4 ,vot+ by mail _c be a secret ballot1 z x is necess>y = ! tell]s to "k by :om ea* vote is ca/4 ,by "s su* me?od z ! above x is practicable to give all ! memb]s1 h[ev] scatt]$ !y may be1 an opportunity to vote on que/ions ( great importance4 ,proxy ,vot+4 ,a proxy is a p[] ( attorney giv5 by "o p]son to ano!r to vote 9 8 /ead1 & x is also us$ to designate ! p]son :o holds ! p[] ( attorney4 ,x is unkn[n to a /rictly delib]ative assembly1 & is 9 conflict ) ! idea ( ! equality ( memb]s1 :i* is a fundam5tal pr9ciple ( delib]ative assemblies4 ,!re c be b little use = debate :]e "o memb] has m votes ?an ano!r1 possibly m ?an all ! o!rs comb9$4 ,if ! proxy vot+ is limit$ to ! election ( a bo>d ( directors1 z x is practically 9 /ock corporations1 & if1 also1 ! proxies mu/ be giv5 to memb]s ( ! corporation 9 all cases :]e x requires an election to become a memb]--) ^! two limitations proxy vot+ w\ld be useful & d no h>m4 ,9 /ock companies ! memb]s meet only annually to elect directors1 :o elect ! (fic]s & transact ! bus9ess ( ! corporation4 ,?\gh ! directors are elect$ l>gely by proxies1 _! own meet+s1 :]e all ! bus9ess is done1 are z secret z !y *oose to make !m1 no proxies be+ all[$ 9 !m1 & !re=e proxy vot+ does n int]f]e ) _! bus9ess4 ,z any "o c dispose ( 8 /ock to any "o else1 !re is no objection to 8 appo9t+ any "o z 8 proxy4 ,b ! case is v diff]5t ) _m incorporat$ societies ( a social1 b5evol5t1 or religi\s "*1 ^: bus9ess meet+s are sometimes secret4 ,_! memb]%ip _c be transf]r$ by ! memb]s l /ock1 & !re=e !y %\ld n be all[$ to appo9t any proxies :o are n memb]s ( ! organization4 ,! /ate law is above ! by-laws ( ! society1 & if ! /ate law emp[]s memb]s ( all corporations to appo9t proxies to vote at all bus9ess meet+s1 no by-laws ( an incorporat$ secret society c\ld prev5t non-memb]s hold+ proxies f att5d+ & vot+ at all bus9ess meet+s ( ! society4 ,?is %\ld n be ! case4 ,) /ock corporations x does no h>m1 because all ! bus9ess is done by directors1 & no proxies are all[$ 9 _! meet+s1 & no "o c be pres5t )\t _! cons5t4 ,b 9 _m societies ( ! k9d m5tion$ ! bus9ess is transact$ 9 meet+s att5d$ by none b memb]s1 & unlimit$ proxies w\ld be a s]i\s int]f]5ce ) _! "w4 ,if ! /ate law requires proxy vot+ 9 all corporations1 x %\ld be limit$ to ! election ( (fic]s1 includ+ directors1 & also ! proxies %\ld be requir$ to be held by memb]s ( ! corporation 9 all organizations ^: prim>y object is n pecuni>y pr(it4 #dg4 ,votes t are ,null & ,void ev5 if ,unanim\s4 ,no motion is 9 ord] t conflicts ) ! laws ( ! nation1 or /ate1 or ) ! assembly's con/itution or by-laws1 & if su* a motion is adopt$1 ev5 by a unanim\s vote1 x is null & void4 ,no rule t conflicts ) a rule ( a high] ord] is ( any au?ority2 ?us1 a by-law provid+ = ! susp5sion by g5]al cons5t ( an article ( ! con/itution w\ld be null & void2 s1 ! g5]al p>liam5t>y rule all[+ a two-?irds vote to am5d ! by-laws aft] due notice1 is only 9 =ce :5 ! by-laws are sil5t on ! subject4 ,rules t protect abs5tees _c be susp5d$ in=mally by g5]al cons5t1 or =mally by a unanim\s vote1 z ! abs5tees h n giv5 _! cons5t4 ,= in/ance1 a rule requir+ ! giv+ ( a specifi$ notice ( c]ta9 motions1 z an am5dm5t ( ! by-laws1 _c be susp5d$ by g5]al cons5t or by a unanim\s vote4 ,:5 a vote is requir$ to be tak5 by ballot1 ! object is to enable memb]s to conceal _! votes1 & any motion t defeats ?is object is out ( ord]4 ,?us1 :5 ! rules require ! vote to be by ballot1 z is usual 9 elections to (fice or memb]%ip1 ?is rule _c be susp5d$ ev5 by g5]al cons5t1 because no "o c object )\t expos+ 8 vote1 :i* he _c be compell$ to d4 ,:5 ! election mu/ be by ballot1 a motion to h ! ballot ca/ by "o p]son is out ( ord]4 ,s1 :5 ! rules require ! vote to be by ballot1 a motion to make unanim\s a vote t 0 n unanim\s1 mu/ be vot$ on by ballot1 z o!rwise ! vote w\ld n be secret4 #dh4 ,motions requir+ m ?an a ,majority ,vote4 ,majority ,vote4 ,any legitimate motion n includ$ among ^? m5tion$ bel[ z requir+ m ?an a majority vote1 requires = its adoption only a majority2 t is1 m ?an half ( ! votes ca/1 ignor+ blanks1 at a legal meet+ :]e a quorum is pres5t1 unless a l>g] vote = its adoption is requir$ by ! rules ( ! assembly4 ,g5]al ,cons5t or ,unanim\s ,vote4 ,by g5]al1 or unanim\s1 or sil5t1 cons5t ! assembly c d bus9ess ) little reg>d = ! rules ( proc$ure1 z !y are made = ! protection ( ! m9ority1 & :5 !re is no m9ority to protect1 !re is little use = ! re/ra9t ( ! rules1 except su* z protect ! rights ( abs5t memb]s1 or ! "r to a secret vote4 ,9 ! =m] case ! cons5t ( ! abs5tees _c be giv51 & 9 ! latt] case ! cons5t _c be )held by ! m9ority )\t expos+ _! votes1 :i* !y _c be compell$ to d4 ,:5 ! election is n by ballot & !re are sev]al c&idates "o ( :om receives a majority vote1 sometimes a motion is made to make ! vote unanim\s4 ,x %\ld nev] be made except by ! c&idate ) ! l>ge/ numb] ( votes aft] ! successful "o1 or 8 repres5tative1 & ev5 !n its propriety is d\btful4 ,"o negative vote defeats a motion to make a vote unanim\s1 z a s+le objection defeats a reque/ = g5]al cons5t4 ,by ! legitimate use ( ! pr9ciple t ! rules are design$ = ! protection ( ! m9ority1 & g5]ally ne$ n be /rictly en=c$ :5 !re is no m9ority to protect1 bus9ess may be greatly exp$it$4 ,:5 !re is evid5tly no opposition1 ! =mality ( vot+ c be avoid$ by ! *air's ask+ if !re is any objection to ! propos$ action1 & if !re is none1 ann\nc+ ! result4 ,! action ?us tak5 is said to be done by g5]al cons5t1 or unanim\s or sil5t cons5t4 ,?us1 aft] an ord] has be5 adopt$ limit+ ! spee*es to two m9utes ea*1 if a speak] is s int]e/+ t :5 8 "t has expir$ !re is a g5]al dem& = him to g on1 ! *air1 in/ead ( wait+ = a motion & tak+ a vote1 c\ld accept x z ! w ( ! assembly t ! speak]'s "t be ext5d$1 & w\ld direct him to proce$4 ,or1 he might say t if !re is no objection ! memb]'s "t w be ext5d$ two m9utes1 or "s o!r "t4 ,see also page #aih4 ,two-?irds ,vote4 ,a two-?irds vote means two-?irds ( ! votes ca/1 ignor+ blanks :i* %\ld nev] be c\nt$4 ,?is mu/ n be confus$ ) a vote ( two-?irds ( ! memb]s pres5t1 or two-?irds ( ! memb]s1 t]ms sometimes us$ 9 by-laws4 ,to illu/rate ! diff]5ce3 ,suppose #ad memb]s vote on a "q 9 a meet+ ( a society :]e #bj are pres5t out ( a total memb]%ip ( #gj1 a two-?irds vote w\ld be #aj2 a two-?irds vote ( ! memb]s pres5t w\ld be #ad2 & a vote ( two-?irds ( ! memb]s w\ld be #dg4 ,!re has be5 e/abli%$ z a compromise betwe5 ! rights ( ! individual & ! rights ( ! assembly ! pr9ciple t a two-?irds vote is requir$ to adopt any motion t susp5ds or modifies a rule ( ord] previ\sly adopt$2 or prev5ts ! introduction ( a "q = consid]ation2 or closes1 or limits1 or ext5ds ! limits ( debate2 or limits ! fre$om ( nom9ation or vot+2 or closes nom9ations or ! polls2 or deprives "o ( memb]%ip or (fice4 ,x w be f\nd t e motion 9 ! foll[+ li/ belongs to "o ( ! classes j m5tion$4 ,motions ,requir+ a ,two-?irds ,vote4#da #da ,! ,u4 ,s4 ,con/itution requires a two-?irds vote ( bo? ,h\ses to pass a resolution propos+ an am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution1 to pass a veto$ bill1 or to remove political disabilities2 a two-?irds vote ( ei!r ,h\se to expel a memb]2 & a vote ( two-?irds ( ! ,s5ators pres5t to ratify a treaty or convict on an impea*m5t4 ,! ,h\se requires a two-?irds vote to susp5d ! rules1 b is oblig$ to all[ a majority to ord] ! previ\s "q or to limit debate1 z o!rwise its bus9ess c\ld nev] be transact$4 ,/ill1 a bill _c be pass$ )\t at lea/ =ty m9utes ( debate1 z t is all[$ aft] ! susp5sion ( ! rules or ! previ\s "q has be5 ord]$4 ,see foot note to #dd4 ,am5d 7,annul1 ,repeal1 or ,resc9d7 any "p ( ! ,con/itution1 ,by-laws1 or ,rules ( ,ord]1 previ\sly adopt$2 x also requires previ\s notice #fh ,am5d or ,resc9d a ,/&+ ,rule1 a ,program or ,ord] ( ,bus9ess1 or a ,resolution1 previ\sly adopt$1 )\t notice be+ giv5 at a previ\s meet+ or 9 ! call = ! meet+ #cg ,take up a ,"q out ( its ,prop] ,ord] #bb ,susp5d ! ,rules #bb ,make a ,special ,ord] #bj ,dis*>ge an ,ord] ( ! ,day be=e x is p5d+ #bj ,refuse to ,proce$ to ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day #bj ,su/a9 an ,objection to ! ,consid]ation ( a ,"q #bc ,previ\s ,"q #bi ,limit1 or ,ext5d ! ,limits1 ( ,debate #cj ,ext5d ! ,"t ,appo9t$ = ,adj\rnm5t or = ,tak+ a ,recess #bj ,close ,nom9ations #bf or ! ,polls #be ,limit ! ,names to be ,vot$ = ,expel f ,memb]%ip3 x also requires previ\s notice & trial #ge ,depose f ,(fice3 x also requires previ\s notice ,dis*>ge a ,committee :5 previ\s notice has n be5 giv5 #cb ,reconsid] 9 ,committee :5 a memb] ( ! majority is abs5t & has n be5 notifi$ ( ! propos$ reconsid]ation #cf ,art4 ,,ix4 ,committees & ,bo>ds4 ,,page #di4 ,committees ,classifi$ #bjf #ej4 ,bo>ds ( ,manag]s1 etc41 & ,executive ,committees #bjg #ea4 ,ex-,(ficio ,memb]s ( ,bo>ds & ,committees #baj #eb4 ,committees1 ,special & ,/&+ #baa #ec4 ,reception ( ,reports #bbj #ed4 ,adoption or ,acceptance ( ,reports #bbc #ee4 ,committee ( ! ,:ole #bbi #ef4 ,z if 9 ,committee ( ! ,:ole #bcc #eg4 ,in=mal ,consid]ation #bcd #di4 ,committees ,classifi$4 ,a ,committee is a body ( "o or m p]sons appo9t$ or elect$ by an assembly or society to consid]1 or inve/igate1 or take action 9 reg>d to1 c]ta9 matt]s or subjects2 or to d all ( ^! ?+s4 ,committees may be divid$ into two di/9ct classes3 7#a7 ,bo>ds ( ,manag]s or ,directors1 ,bo>ds ( ,tru/ees1 ,executive ,committees1 etc4 7#b7 ,ord9>y ,committees1 ,special or ,/&+1 & ,committee ( ! ,:ole & its sub/itutes4 ,^! diff]5t k9ds ( committees are consid]$ sep>ately 9 ! foll[+ five sections4 #ej4 ,bo>ds ( ,manag]s or ,directors1 ,bo>ds ( ,tru/ees1 ,executive ,committees1 etc4 ,committees ( ?is class are ess5tially small delib]ative assemblies1 subord9ate to ! body t appo9ts !m1 ) _! duties & au?ority1 & ! numb] ( _! regul> meet+s & _! quorums1 def9$ by ! p>5t body1 or by its au?ority4 ,bo>ds or ,committees ( ?is class are usually appo9t$ by organizations t meet only annually or qu>t]ly4 ,) su* an organization x is cu/om>y & necess>y to delegate to a committee1 usually kn[n z ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s or ,directors1 all its au?ority1 ) slight limitations1 to be ex]cis$ betwe5 its meet+s4 ,! by-laws ( ! ,bo>d are adopt$ by ! p>5t body1 or ! ,bo>d may be au?oriz$ to adopt its own by-laws4 ,x is usual to au?orize ! ,bo>d to appo9t f its memb]%ip an ,executive ,committee ( a specifi$ numb] :o %all h all ! p[] ( ! ,bo>d betwe5 ! meet+s ( ! ,bo>d1 j z ! ,bo>d has all ! p[] ( ! ,society betwe5 ! meet+s ( ! ,society1 except t ! subord9ate body _c modify any action tak5 by its sup]ior4 ,! ,executive ,committee %\ld be small & ! memb]s %\ld live ne> en\gh ea* o!r to be able to h frequ5t regul> meet+s1 besides special meet+s 9 em]g5cies4 ,:]e ! organization is local1 su* z a society = su/a9+ an orphan asylum1 ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s usually divides itself into committees hav+ *>ge ( diff]5t bran*es ( ! "w dur+ ! int]vals betwe5 ! mon?ly or qu>t]ly meet+s ( ! ,bo>d1 :5 ^! committees report on ! "w done4 ,x is seldom t resolutions or o!r matt]s are ref]r$ to bo>ds or committees ( ?is class = !m to report back to ! society ) recomm5dations4 ,if pap]s are ref]r$ to !m x is usually = _! in=mation & action4 ,!y are organiz$ z any o!r delib]ative assembly ) a *airman & a secret>y1 :om !y elect if !y are n appo9t$ by ! society4 ,frequ5tly ! by-laws ( ! society make its presid5t & its correspond+1 or executive secret>y1 ex-(ficio1 #ea presid5t & secret>y ( ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s4 ,9 l>ge bo>ds bus9ess is transact$ ! same z 9 ! society meet+s2 b 9 small bo>ds ! same =mality is n necess>y or usual1 ! in=mality obs]v$ by committees be+ g5]ally all[$4 ,9 a bo>d meet+ :]e !re are n m ?an ab\t a doz5 pres5t1 = in/ance1 x is n necess>y to rise 9 ord] to make a motion1 nor to wait = recognition by ! *air be=e speak+ or mak+ a motion1 nor = a motion to h a second2 nor is !re any limit to ! numb] ( spee*es1 nor does ! *airman leave ! *air :5 mak+ a motion or discuss+ a "q4 ,! =malities necess>y 9 ord] to transact bus9ess 9 a l>ge assembly w\ld h9d] bus9ess 9 s small a body4 ,bo>ds are (t5 con/itut$ s t ! t]m ( (fice (1 say1 "o-?ird ( its memb]s expires ea* ye>4 ,aft] ea* annual meet+ 9 su* case1 ! bo>d elects new (fic]s & committees1 ! same z if ! entire bo>d _h be5 re-elect$4 ,all unf9i%$ bus9ess falls to ! gr\nd :5 ! new bo>d is elect$4 ,x is cu/om>y = ! by-laws to require an annual report f ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s1 :i* usually gives a brief acc\nt ( its do+s = ! ye> ) recomm5dations = ! future4 ,aft] discussion1 & am5dm5t if necess>y1 ! report is usually adopt$ by ! society & publi%$ 9 its annual proce$+s z ! report ( ! bo>d4 ,9 su* a case1 c>e %\ld be tak5 9 publi%+ x to inclose 9 brackets all t has be5 /ruck out1 & to put 9 italics :atev] has be5 ins]t$1 & to ins]t a note to t effect at ! beg9n+ ( ! report1 s t exactly :at ! bo>d recomm5d$ c readily be se54 ,! m9utes %\ld read ?us3 8,! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s submitt$ its report :i* aft] discussion & am5dm5t 0 adopt$ z foll[s1 ! words 9 brackets hav+ be5 /ruck out & ^? und]scor$ 79 italics7 hav+ be5 ins]t$ be=e ! report 0 adopt$40 ,! society _c alt] ! report ( ! bo>d4 ,x may decl9e to indorse x1 or ev5 to all[ x to be pr9t$1 b x _c make x appe> t ! bo>d /at$ any?+ diff]5t f :at x has report$4 ,by ! above plan is %[n exactly :at ! bo>d report$ & :at ! society adopt$1 or endors$4 #ea4 ,ex-,(ficio ,memb]s ( ,bo>ds & ,committees4 ,frequ5tly bo>ds & committees conta9 "s memb]s :o are memb]s by virtue ( _! (fice1 &1 !re=e1 are t]m$ ex-(ficio memb]s4 ,:5 su* a memb] ceases to hold ! (fice 8 memb]%ip ( ! bo>d t]m9ates automatically4 ,if ! ex-(ficio memb] is "u ! control ( ! society1 !re is no di/9ction betwe5 him & ! o!r memb]s except :]e ! presid5t is ex-(ficio memb] ( all committees1 9 :i* case x is evid5tly ! int5tion to p]mit1 n to require1 him to act z a memb] ( ! v>i\s committees1 & !re=e 9 c\nt+ a quorum he %\ld n be c\nt$ z a memb]4 ,! presid5t is n a memb] ( any committee except by virtue ( a special rule1 unless he is s appo9t$ by ! assembly4 ,if ! ex-(ficio memb] is n "u ! au?ority ( ! society1 he has all ! privileges1 includ+ ! "r to vote1 b none ( ! obligations ( memb]%ip2 z :5 ! gov]nor ( a /ate is1 ex-(ficio1 a manag] or a tru/ee ( a private academy4 #eb4 ,committees1 ,special & ,/&+4 ,x is usual 9 delib]ative assemblies1 to h all prelim9>y "w 9 ! prep>ation ( matt] = _! action done by means ( committees4 ,! committee may be ei!r a 8/&+ committee10 appo9t$ = a def9ite "t1 z a session or a ye>2 or a 8special or select committee10 appo9t$ = a special purpose2 or a 8committee ( ! :ole0 consi/+ ( ! entire assembly4 ,= me?od ( appo9t+ committees ( ! :ole1 see #ee2 o!r committees1 see ,commit1 #cb4 ,committees ( ! :ole are n us$ mu* except 9 legislative bodies1 & :5 ! ^w committees is us$ 9 ?is ,manual1 unless specifi$ to ! contr>y1 /&+ or special committees are meant4 ,unless ! assembly has appo9t$ a *airman1 ei!r directly or ?r\gh its presid+ (fic]1 ! fir/ nam$ on a committee1 & 9 8 abs5ce ! next nam$ memb]1 becomes *airman1 & s on & %\ld act z su* unless ! committee by a majority ( its numb] elects a *airman1 :i* x has ! "r to d if ! assembly has n appo9t$ "o1 & :i* a /&+ committee usually does4 ,! cl]k %\ld furni% him1 or1 9 8 abs5ce1 "s o!r memb] ( ! committee1 ) notice ( ! appo9tm5t ( ! committee1 ! names ( ! memb]s1 ! pap]s or matt] ref]r$ to x1 & su* in/ructions z ! assembly has decid$ ^u4 ,^u ! committee's reque/1 all pap]s & books necess>y = ! prop] p]=mance ( its duties %\ld be turn$ ov] to x by ! prop] (fic]s4 ,x is ! duty ( ! *airman to call ! committee toge!r1 b1 if he is abs5t1 or neglects or decl9es to call a meet+ ( ! committee1 x is ! duty ( ! committee to meet on ! call ( any two ( its memb]s4 ,9 small special committees ! *airman usually acts z secret>y1 b 9 l>ge ones & 9 all /&+ committees1 x is cu/om>y to elect a secret>y1 :o keeps a brief memor&um ( :at is done1 = ! use ( ! committee4 ,memb]s ( ! society h a "r to appe> at ! committee meet+s & pres5t _! views on ! subject be=e x at su* reasonable times z1 ^u reque/1 ! committee may appo9t4 ,b dur+ ! delib]ations ( ! committee no "o has a "r to be pres5t1 except memb]s ( ! committee4 ,! rules ( ! assembly1 z f> z possible1 apply to ! committee1 b motions to close or limit debate are n all[$1 & !re is no limit to ! numb] ( times a memb] may speak1 & unless ! committee is v l>ge1 x is n necess>y = any "o to rise & address ! *air be=e mak+ a motion or speak+1 nor does ! *airman rise to put ! "q1 nor does he leave ! *air to speak or make motions1 nor are motions second$4 ,^! =malities are unnecess>y because ! committee is s small1 b1 unless agre$ to by g5]al cons5t1 all que/ions mu/ be put to vote4 ,in/ead ( ! *airman's ab/a9+ f speak+ on que/ions1 he is1 usually1 ! mo/ active p>ticipant 9 ! discussions & "w ( ! committee4 ,9 ord] t ! assembly may h ! b5efit ( ! matur$ judgm5t ( ! committee1 a reconsid]ation ( a vote mu/ be all[$ reg>dless ( ! "t & ( previ\s reconsid]ation1 & x may be mov$ by any "o :o did n vote ) ! m9ority1 ev5 if he 0 abs5t :5 ! previ\s vote 0 tak52 b x %all require a two-?irds vote = its adoption unless e memb] :o vot$ ) ! majority is ei!r pres5t or receiv$ ample notice ( ! meet+ & t ! reconsid]ation 0 to be mov$4 ,?is prev5ts tak+ advantage ( ! abs5ce ( memb]s to rev]se action1 & enables memb]s :o 7 abs5t to br+ up ! "q ( reconsid]ation4 ,! committee con/itute a m9iature assembly1 be+ able to act only :5 a quorum 7a majority ( ! memb]s7 is pres5t4 ,if a pap] is ref]r$ to !m1 !y mu/ n write on x1 b %\ld write _! am5dm5ts on a sep>ate %eet4 ,if ! am5dm5ts are num]\s x is bett] to write out a sub/itute & submit x4 ,if a resolution is ref]r$ to a committee :ile a motion to po/pone indef9itely is p5d+1 only ! resolution is ref]r$ to ! committee1 ! motion to po/pone indef9itely be+ ignor$4 ,if am5dm5ts are p5d+ !y g to ! committee1 :o may recomm5d _! adoption or rejection1 or make no recomm5dation 9 reg>d to !m4 ,if ! committee orig9ate ! pap]1 all am5dm5ts mu/ be incorporat$ 9 x4 ,:5 !y orig9ate x1 usually "o memb] has previ\sly prep>$ a draft1 :i* is read entirely ?r\gh1 & !n read by p>agraphs1 ! *airman paus+ aft] ea* p>agraph1 & ask+3 8,are !re any am5dm5ts propos$ to ?is p>agraph80 ,no vote is tak5 on ! adoption ( ! sep>ate p>agraphs2 b1 aft] ! :ole pap] has be5 read 9 ?is way1 x is op5 to am5dm5t g5]ally1 by /rik+ out any p>agraph1 or by sub/itut+ or ins]t+ new ones1 or by sub/itut+ an entirely new pap] = x4 ,if !re is a preamble x is consid]$ la/4 ,:5 ! entire pap] has be5 am5d$ to suit ! committee1 !y %\ld adopt x z _! report1 & direct ! *airman or "s o!r memb] to report x to ! assembly4 ,:5 committees are appo9t$ to inve/igate1 or to report ^u1 c]ta9 matt]s1 ! report %\ld close )1 or be accompani$ by1 =mal resolutions cov]+ all recomm5dations1 s t :5 _! report is made no motion is necess>y except to adopt ! resolutions4 ,if ! report is writt5 9 ?is =m1 8,y\r committee are ( ! op9ion t ,mr4 ,a's bill %\ld be paid10 !re might be "s d\bt z to ! effect ( ! adoption ( ! recomm5dation or ! report4 ,! report %\ld close ) a recomm5dation t ! foll[+ ord] be adopt$3 8,ord]$1 ,t ! ,treasur] pay ,mr4 ,a's bill = #aj4ae40 ,if a report recomm5ds t *>ges be pref]r$ aga9/ ,mr4 ,b1 x %\ld close ) recomm5d+ ! adoption ( resolutions1 :i* %\ld be writt5 out1 provid+ = hold+ an adj\rn$ meet+1 & = cit+ ! memb] to appe> at ! adj\rn$ meet+ = trial on *>ges t mu/ be specifi$4 ,^! %\ld be prep>$ by ! committee & submitt$ z a "p ( _! report4 ,! committee %\ld nev] leave to o!rs ! responsibility ( prep>+ resolutions to c>ry out _! recomm5dations4 ,!y %\ld consid] ?is z "o ( _! mo/ important duties4 ,:5 ! report has be5 adopt$ by ! committee a cle> copy is made1 usually comm5c+ 9 a /yle simil> to ?is3 8,! committee to :om 0 ref]r$ 7/ate ! matt] ref]r$71 beg leave to submit ! foll[+ report20 or1 8,y\r committee appo9t$ to 7specify ! object71 respectfully report10 etc4 ,if ! report is ( mu* importance x %\ld be sign$ by all ! memb]s concurr+ 9 ! report2 b :5 x is ( little importance1 or m]ely recomm5ds am5dm5ts1 etc41 x may be sign$ by ! *airman alone1 8 signature be+ foll[$ by ! ^w 8,*airman40 ,he %\ld n1 h[ev]1 place 8,*airman0 aft] 8 signature except :5 he signs ! report alone & by ! au?ority ( ! committee4 ,! report mu/ always be 9 ! ?ird p]son ?\gh writt5 & sign$ by only "o4 ,! signature may be prec$$ by ! words1 8,respectfully submitt$10 b x is n necess>y4 ,usually ! report is n dat$ or address$1 & sometimes x consi/s m]ely ( a resolution1 or a set ( resolutions4 ,9 ! latt] case ! *airman /ates he is in/ruct$ by ! committee to submit & to move ! adoption ( ! resolutions4 ,! report ( ! majority is ! report ( ! committee & %\ld nev] be ref]r$ to z ! majority report4 ,if ! m9ority submit a report1 7or m prop]ly1 _! 8views107 x may comm5ce ?us3 8,! und]sign$1 a m9ority ( ! committee appo9t$1 etc41 n agree+ ) ! majority1 desire to express _! views 9 ! case40 ,aft] ! committee's report has be5 read & ! motion to adopt has be5 made & ! "q /at$1 x is usual to all[ ! m9ority to pres5t _! views1 b if any "o objects to its reception ! *air %\ld put ! "q to vote on its be+ receiv$4 ,x requires a majority vote to receive x1 ! "q be+ undebatable4 ,:5 ! m9ority report is read x is = in=mation1 & x _c be act$ ^u except by a motion to sub/itute x = ! report ( ! committee4 ,:e!r ! views ( ! m9ority are read or n1 any "o c move to sub/itute ! resolutions !y recomm5d = ^? recomm5d$ by ! committee4 ,:]e ! m9ority _c agree1 ea* memb] may submit 8 views sep>ately4 ,9 "s cases a memb] agrees to ! report ) a s+le exception1 9 :i* case in/ead ( submitt+ 8 views sep>ately1 aft] all h sign$ :o agree to ! report he may write t he agrees to ! report except ! "p :i* he specifies1 & !n sign ! /atem5t4 ,! committee's report#db c conta9 only t :i* has be5 agre$ to by a majority vote at a meet+ ( :i* e memb] has be5 notifi$1 or at an adj\rn$ meet+ !re( 7a quorum1 a majority ( ! memb]s1 be+ pres5t71 except :]e x is impracticable to h a meet+ ( ! committee1 :5 x may conta9 :at is agre$ to by e memb]4 ,if a committee is appo9t$ f diff]5t sections ( ! c\ntry ) ! expectation t its "w w be done by correspond5ce1 its report c conta9 only :at is agre$ to by a majority ( ! memb]s4 #db ,9 ,congress no?+ c be 8! report ( ! committee b :at has be5 agre$ to 9 committee actually assembl$10 s t a report sign$ by a majority ( a committee act+ sep>ately 0 rul$ out4 ,9 "s societies1 h[ev]1 x is (t5 impracticable to h regul> committee meet+s ) a majority pres5t4 ,a committee1 except a committee ( ! :ole1 c appo9t a sub-committee :i*1 h[ev]1 reports to ! committee1 & nev] to ! assembly4 ,?is sub-committee mu/ consi/ ( memb]s ( ! committee1 except 9 cases :]e ! committee is appo9t$ to take action t requires ! assi/ance ( o!rs1 z to make arrangem5ts = hold+ a baza>4 ,9 su* a case x is be/ to appo9t ! committee ) p[] to appo9t su* sub-committees z are requir$2 or1 z is frequ5tly done1 to appo9t ! committee 8) p[]10 :i* means ) p[] to take all ! /eps necess>y to c>ry out its in/ructions4 ,a committee has no p[] to puni% its memb]s = disord]ly conduct1 its rec\rse be+ to report ! facts to ! assembly4 ,no allusion c be made 9 ! assembly to :at has occurr$ dur+ ! delib]ations ( ! committee1 unless x is by a report ( ! committee or by g5]al cons5t4 ,:5 a special committee is ?r\gh ) ! bus9ess assign$ x1 a motion is made = ! committee to 8rise0 7:i* is equival5t to ! motion to adj\rn )\t day71 & t ! *airman 7or "s memb] :o is m famili> ) ! subject7 make its report to ! assembly4 ,a special committee ceases to exi/ z soon z ! assembly receives its report4 ,:5 a committee adj\rns )\t appo9t+ a "t = ! next meet+1 x is consid]$ z hav+ adj\rn$ at ! call ( ! *air1 s t all ! meet+s ( a special committee con/itute "o session4 ,a meet+ ( a special committee may be call$ at any "t by ! *airman or by any two ( its memb]s1 e memb] be+ notifi$4 ,:5 a committee adj\rns to meet at ano!r "t1 x is n necess>y 7?\gh usually advisable7 t abs5t memb]s %\ld be notifi$ ( ! adj\rn$ meet+4 ,a /&+ committee is ei!r :olly1 or p>tially1 elect$ at ea* annual meet+ 9 ord9>y societies1 & imm$iately !reaft] x reorganizes by elect+ a *airman 7unless he has be5 appo9t$ by ! assembly7 & a secret>y4 ,!re=e1 a /&+ committee mu/ report at ! annual meet+1 or be=e1 on ev]y?+ ref]r$ to x dur+ ! ye>4 ,! motion to rise is nev] us$ 9 /&+ committees or bo>ds1 nor is x us$ 9 o!r committees except :5 ! committee is ready to report s t x w nev] meet aga94 ,a special committee is appo9t$ = a specific purpose1 & until ! duty assign$ x by ! society is accompli%$ x cont9ues to exi/1 unless soon] dis*>g$1 :i* requires a two-?irds vote if done )\t notice be+ giv54 ,! fact t an annual meet+ has int]v5$ does n dis*>ge a special committee appo9t$ by a society4 ,b 9 an elect$ or appo9t$ body1 z a conv5tion1 special committees t h n report$ cease to exi/ :5 ! new (fic]s assume _! duties at ! next annual meet+4 ,:5 dis*>g$1 ! *airman ( ! committee returns to ! secret>y all docum5ts receiv$ f him4 ,:ile 9 small assemblies1 especially 9 ^? :]e b little bus9ess is done1 !re is n mu* ne$ ( committees1 9 l>ge assemblies1 or 9 ^? do+ a great deal ( bus9ess1 committees are ( ! utmo/ importance4 ,:5 a committee is prop]ly select$1 9 n9e cases out ( t5 its action decides t ( ! assembly4 ,a committee = action %\ld be small1 & consi/ only ( ^? he>tily 9 favor ( ! propos$ action4 ,if "o n 9 sympa?y ) x is appo9t$1 he %\ld ask to be excus$4 ,a committee = delib]ation or inve/igation1 on ! contr>y1 %\ld be l>ge1 & repres5t all p>ties 9 ! assembly1 s t its op9ion w c>ry ) x z great weight z possible4 ,! usefulness ( ! committee w be greatly impair$ if any important faction ( ! assembly is unrepres5t$ on ! committee4 ,! appo9tm5t ( a committee is fully expla9$ 9 #cb4 #ec4 ,reception ( ,reports4 ,:5 !re is a place 9 ! ord] ( bus9ess provid$ = reports ( committees1 !y are n made until !y are call$ = by ! *air4 ,^u ! arrival ( ! "t = ^! reports1 ! *air calls = ! reports ( su* (fic]s & /&+ committees z are requir$ to make reports1 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y are arrang$ 9 ! rules2 aft] :i* he calls = ! reports ( ! special committees 9 ! ord] ( _! appo9tm5t4 ,:5 call$ ^u1 ! report+ memb] 7:o is ! *airman ( ! committee unless ano!r memb] is appo9t$ to make ! report7 rises & addresses ! *air1 &1 :5 recogniz$1 reads ! report & h&s x to ! presid+ (fic]1 or ! secret>y1 &1 :5 necess>y1 moves its adoption or acceptance z expla9$ 9 ! next section4 ,if ! committee reports back a pap] ) am5dm5ts1 ! am5dm5ts are read ) suffici5t ( ! relat$ p>ts to make !m und]/ood4 ,if x is desir$ to h a report made e>li] ?an ! rules all[1 x c be done1 by a two-?irds vote1 by susp5d+ ! rules #bb & receiv+ ! report at once4 ,if ! ord] ( bus9ess makes no provision = ! report ( ! committee1 ! report+ memb]1 :5 ready to report1 obta9s ! floor :5 no bus9ess is p5d+1 & in=ms ! assembly t ! committee to :i* 0 ref]r$ su* a subject or pap] has agre$ ^u a report :i* he is n[ prep>$ to submit4 ,if ! *air ?9ks ! assembly wi%es to he> ! report he directs him to proce$1 :]eupon he reads ! report & h&s x to ! *airman & makes ! prop] motion = its disposal4 ,if be=e x is read any "o objects to its reception1 or if ! *air is 9 d\bt z to :e!r x %\ld be receiv$ n[1 he puts to ! assembly ! "q1 8,%all ! report be receiv$ n[80 ,x requires a majority vote to receive x1 & ! "q is undebatable4 ,if ! vote is 9 ! negative1 a "t = ! reception ( ! report %\ld be appo9t$ ei!r by a vote or by g5]al cons5t4 ,usually no motions are made or votes tak5 9 reg>d to receiv+ reports1 ^! matt]s be+ all settl$ in=mally by g5]al cons5t4 ,if ! report is a f9al "o1 :5 ! assembly has receiv$ ! report ! committee has complet$ its "w1 &1 )\t any motion1 x is automatically dis*>g$ f fur!r consid]ation ( ! subject1 &1 if x is a special committee1 x ceases to exi/4 ,if ! report is only a p>tial "o ! committee is n dis*>g$ unless ! assembly s votes4 ,if ! subject is recommitt$ ! committee is reviv$ 7unless ! ref]5ce is to ano!r committee71 & all p>ts ( ! report t h n be5 adopt$ by ! assembly are ignor$ by ! committee z if ! report _h nev] be5 made4 ,if any memb] or memb]s wi% to submit ! views ( ! m9ority x is cu/om>y to receive su* a report imm$iately aft] receiv+ ! report ( ! committee4 ,9 su* case ! report+ memb] %\ld notify ! assembly t ! views ( ! m9ority w be submitt$ 9 a sep>ate pap]4 ,z soon z ! *air has /at$ ! "q on ! report1 he %\ld call = ! views ( ! m9ority1 :i* are !n read = in=mation4 ,!y _c be act$ ^u unless x is mov$ to sub/itute !m = ! committee's report1 or r to sub/itute ! recomm5dations ( ! m9ority = ^? ( ! committee4 ,a v common error is1 aft] a report has be5 read1 to move t x be receiv$1 :]eas ! fact t x has be5 read %[s t x has be5 already receiv$ by ! assembly4 ,ano!r mi/ake1 less common1 b dang]\s1 is to vote t ! report be accept$1 :i* is equival5t to adopt+ x see next section1 :5 ! int5tion is only to h ! report up = consid]ation & aft]w>ds to vote on its adoption4 #ed4 ,adoption or ,acceptance ( ,reports4 ,:5 ! report ( a committee has be5 receiv$1 t is1 has be5 pres5t$ to ! assembly & ei!r read or h&$ to ! *air or ! secret>y1 ! next bus9ess 9 ord] is ! disposal ( ! report1 ! prop] disposition dep5d+ ^u its nature4 7#a7 ,if ! report conta9s only a /atem5t ( fact or op9ion = ! in=mation ( ! assembly1 ! report+ memb] makes no motion = its disposal1 z !re is no necessity = action on ! report4 ,b if any action is tak51 ! prop] motion1 :i* %\ld be made by "s "o else1 is to 8accept ! report10 :i* has ! effect ( endors+ ! /atem5t & mak+ ! assembly assume responsibility = x4 ,if x is a f9ancial report1 z 9 case ( a bo>d ( tru/ees or a treasur]1 x %\ld be ref]r$ to an audit+ committee1 z ! vote to accept ! report does n endorse ! accuracy ( ! figures1 = ! assembly c only be sure ( t by hav+ ! report audit$4 ,:5ev] su* a f9ancial report is made1 ! *air1 )\t any motion1 %\ld say x is ref]r$ to ! audit+ committee or auditors1 if !re are any4 ,if !re are none1 !n ! prop] motion is to ref] x to an audit+ committee to be appo9t$ by ! *air4 ,:5 ! audit+ committee reports1 ?is report %\ld be accept$1 or adopt$1 :i* c>ries ) x ! endorsem5t ( ! f9ancial report4 7#b7 ,if ! report conta9s recomm5dations n 9 ! =m ( motions1 !y %\ld all be plac$ at ! end ( ! report1 ev5 if !y h be5 giv5 sep>ately be=e1 & ! prop] motion is to adopt ! recomm5dations4 7#c7 ,if ! report concludes ) a resolution or a s]ies ( resolutions1 ! prop] c\rse is = ! report+ memb] to move t ! resolution or resolutions be adopt$ or agre$ to4 ,?is me?od %\ld be adopt$ :5ev] practicable4 7#d7 ,if a committee reports back a resolution :i* 0 ref]r$ to x1 ! motion to po/pone indef9itely1 if x 0 p5d+1 is ignor$2 if an am5dm5t 0 p5d+ x %\ld be report$ on4 ,! =m ( ! "q to be /at$ by ! *air dep5ds ^u ! recomm5dation ( ! committee z foll[s3 7a7 ,if ! committee recomm5ds its adoption1 or makes no recomm5dation 7:]e x c come to no agreem5t71 ! "q %\ld be /at$ on ! am5dm5t if !re 0 "o p5d+1 & !n on ! resolution4 ,^! motions 7 p5d+ :5 ! "q 0 ref]r$ to ! committee1 & !re=e %\ld n be made aga94 7b7 ,if ! recomm5dation is t ! resolution be n adopt$1 ! "q on ! resolution1 :5 x is put1 %\ld be /at$ ?us3 8,! "q is on ! adoption ( ! resolution1 ! recomm5dation ( ! committee to ! contr>y not)/&+40 ,a simil> c\rse is pursu$ if ! committee recomm5ds t an am5dm5t be n adopt$4 7c7 ,if ! committee recomm5ds t ! resolution be po/pon$ indef9itely1 or po/pon$ to a c]ta9 "t1 ! "q %\ld be on ! po/ponem5t1 &1 if t is lo/1 !n on ! resolution4 7d7 ,if ! committee reports back a resolution or pap] ) am5dm5ts1 ! report+ memb] reads only ! am5dm5ts ) suffici5t ( ! context to make !m und]/ood & !n moves _! adoption4 ,! *airman1 aft] /at+ ! "q on ! adoption ( ! am5dm5ts1 calls = ! read+ ( ! fir/ am5dm5t1 aft] :i* x is op5 = debate & am5dm5t4 ,a vote is !n tak5 on adopt+ ?is am5dm5t1 & ! next is read1 & s on till ! am5dm5ts are adopt$ or reject$1 admitt+ am5dm5ts to ! committee's am5dm5ts1 b no o!rs4 ,:5 ?r\gh ) ! committee's am5dm5ts1 ! *airman pauses = any o!r am5dm5ts to be propos$ by ! assembly2 & :5 ^! are vot$ on he puts ! "q on agree+ to1 or adopt+1 ! pap] z am5d$1 unless1 9 a case l revis+ ! by-laws1 !y h be5 already adopt$4 ,by susp5d+ ! rules #bb1 or by g5]al cons5t1 a report c be at once adopt$ )\t foll[+ any ( ! above r\t9e4 ,if ! am5dm5ts d n call = debate or am5dm5t1 z :5 report$ f ! committee ( ! :ole1 :]e !y h be5 already discuss$1 ! *air puts a s+le "q on all ! committee's am5dm5ts except ^? = :i* a memb] asks a sep>ate vote1 ?us3 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( adopt+ ! am5dm5ts recomm5d$ by ! committee1 except ^? = :i* a sep>ate vote has be5 ask$1 say aye2 ^? oppos$ say no40 ,he !n takes up ! rema9+ am5dm5ts sep>ately 9 _! ord]4 7e7 ,if ! committee reports back a resolution ) a sub/itute :i* x recomm5ds = adoption1 ! *air /ates ! "q on ! sub/itute1 if !re 7 no am5dm5ts p5d+ :5 ! resolution 0 committ$4 ,if1 h[ev]1 am5dm5ts 7 p5d+ :5 ! resolution 0 committ$1 ! *air fir/ /ates ! que/ions on ^? p5d+ am5dm5ts1 & :5 !y are dispos$ ( he /ates ! "q on ! sub/itute4 ,9 ei!r case ! sub/itute is treat$ l any o!r sub/itute motion1 ! resolution be+ fir/ p]fect$ by am5dm5ts & !n ! sub/itute resolution4 ,aft] bo? h be5 ?us p]fect$ ! "q is put on ! sub/itution1 & f9ally on ! resolution4 ,if ! sub/itute is lo/ ! resolution is op5 to am5dm5ts propos$ by memb]s4 7f7 ,if ! report is ( a nom9ation committee no vote %\ld be tak51 any m ?an if a memb] _h made ! nom9ations4 7g7 ,if ! report is f ! memb]%ip committee1 ! *air at once /ates ! "q on ! reception z memb]s ( ! c&idates recomm5d$ by ! committee4 ,a p>tial report ( a committee is treat$ ! same z ! f9al report4 ,if x reports progress only1 )\t recomm5dations or conclusions1 x is treat$ z any o!r report = in=mation1 & no action ne$ be tak54 ,b1 if ! p>tial report recomm5ds action1 !n ! "q is to be put on adopt+ ! report1 or its recomm5dations1 or ! resolutions1 ! same z if x 7 ! f9al report4 ,:ile x is cu/om>y 9 ord9>y societies to make & second a motion to accept or adopt a committee's report1 yet if ! motion is n made & ! *air deems x be/ to h a vote tak5 on ! "q1 he may /ate ! appropriate "q )\t wait+ = a motion1 accept+ ! submission ( ! report by a committee z equival5t to mov+ ! adoption ( ! appropriate motion = dispos+ ( x1 j z is ! case :5 "o (f]s a resolution4 ,to wait to see if two memb]s are 9 favor ( a proposition :i* at lea/ two h sign$1 or au?oriz$ ! *airman1 or report+ memb]1 to sign1 w\ld appe> useless4 ,9 ord9>y societies ! *airman ( ! assembly usually kn[s bett] ?an ! report+ memb] h[ ! bus9ess %\ld be manag$1 especially if a resolution is report$ ) _m am5dm5ts4 ,h[ev]1 unless ! assembly is accu/om$ to hav+ its *airman put ! prop] que/ions on ! report )\t any =mal motion1 x is bett] = ! report+ memb] to move ! 8adoption0 ( ! resolutions or recomm5dations1 z t is g5]ally und]/ood4 ,:5 ! *air has /at$ ! "q on ! adoption ( ! recomm5dations or resolutions1 or ( ! report1 ! matt] "u consid]ation is op5 to debate & am5dm5t1 & may h appli$ to x any ( ! subsidi>y motions1 l o!r ma9 que/ions4 ,its consid]ation _c be object$ to if ! matt] 0 ref]r$ to ! committee4 ,:ile ! report ( ! committee or its resolutions may be am5d$ by ! assembly1 ^! am5dm5ts only affect t :i* ! assembly adopts1 z ! assembly _c 9 any way *ange ! committee's report4 ,= example3 ,a committee expresses ! op9ion t ,mr4 ,a has no "r to commit a c]ta9 act1 & ! assembly /rikes out ?is /atem5t f ! report be=e adopt+ x4 ,?is does n alt] ! report1 b1 :5 ! assembly adopts ! report1 ?is /atem5t is n adopt$4 ,s ) a recomm5dation or a resolution3 ! assembly may /rike out or add "o or m recomm5dations or resolutions be=e adopt+1 b t does n alt] ! committee's report4 ,if ! proce$+s are publi%$1 ! committee's report %\ld be pr9t$ exactly z x 0 submitt$ ) ! am5dm5ts pr9t$ bel[2 or1 /ill bett]1 all words /ruck out %\ld be enclos$ 9 brackets & all words ins]t$ %\ld be pr9t$ 9 italics1 & a note to t effect ins]t$ at ! beg9n+4 ,:ile ! motions to adopt1 to accept1 etc41 are (t5 us$ indiscrim9ately1 & ! adoption ( any "o ( !m has ! effect ( endors+ or adopt+ ! op9ions1 actions1 recomm5dations1 or resolutions submitt$ by ! committee1 z ! case may be1 yet x is bett] to use !m z h]et(ore /at$4 ,if only "o t]m is us$1 ! ^w 8adopt0 is pref]able1 z x is lea/ liable to be misund]/ood4 #ee4 ,committee ( ! ,:ole4 ,:5 an assembly has to consid] a subject :i* x does n wi% to ref] to a committee1 & yet :]e ! subject matt] is n well dige/$ & put into prop] =m = its def9ite action1 or :51 = any o!r reason1 x is desirable = ! assembly to consid] a subject ) all ! fre$om ( an ord9>y committee1 x is ! practice to ref] ! matt] to ! 8,committee ( ! ,:ole40 ,if x is desir$ to consid] ! "q at once1 ! motion is made1 8,t ! assembly d n[ resolve itself into a committee ( ! :ole1 to take "u consid]ation10 etc41 or1 8,t we g into committee ( ! :ole to consid]10 etc41 specify+ ! subject4 ,?is is really a motion to 8commit40 ,see #cb = its ord] ( prec$5ce1 etc4 ,if adopt$1 ! *airman imm$iately calls ano!r memb] to ! *air1 & takes 8 place z a memb] ( ! committee4 ,! committee is "u ! rules ( ! assembly1 except+ z /at$ h]eaft] 9 ?is section4 ,! only motions 9 ord] are to am5d & adopt1 & t ! committee 8rise & report10 z x _c adj\rn2 nor c x ord] ! 8yeas & nays40 ,an appeal f ! decision ( ! *air c be made1 & x mu/ be vot$ on directly1 z x _c be laid on ! table or po/pon$1 ^? motions n be+ all[$ 9 committee ( ! :ole4 ,ea* memb] c speak only once on ! appeal4 ,! only way to close or limit debate 9 committee ( ! :ole is = ! assembly1 be=e go+ into committee ( ! :ole1 to vote t ! debate 9 committee %all cease at a c]ta9 "t1 or t aft] a c]ta9 "t no debate %all be all[$1 except+ on new am5dm5ts1 & !n only "o spee* 9 favor ( & "o aga9/ x1 (1 say1 five m9utes ea*2 or 9 "s o!r way to regulate ! "t = debate4 ,if no limit is prescrib$1 any memb] may speak z (t5 z he c get ! floor1 & z long ea* "t z is all[$ 9 debate 9 ! assembly1 b he _c speak a second "t provid$ a memb] wi%es ! floor :o has n spok5 on t p>ticul> "q4 ,debate hav+ be5 clos$ at a p>ticul> "t by ord] ( ! assembly1 ! committee has n ! p[]1 ev5 by unanim\s cons5t1 to ext5d ! "t4 ,! committee _c ref] ! subject to ano!r committee4 ,l o!r committees1 x _c alt] ! text ( any resolution ref]r$ to x2 b if ! resolution orig9at$ 9 ! committee1 !n all ! am5dm5ts are incorporat$ 9 x4 ,:5 ! committee is ?r\gh ) ! consid]ation ( ! subject ref]r$ to x1 or if x wi%es to adj\rn1 or to h ! assembly limit debate1 a motion is made t 8! committee rise & report10 etc41 specify+ ! result ( its proce$+s4 ,! motion to 8rise0 is equival5t to ! motion to adj\rn 9 ! assembly1 & is always 9 ord] 7except :ile vot+ or :5 ano!r memb] has ! floor71 & is undebatable & _c be am5d$4 ,z soon z ?is motion is adopt$ ! presid+ (fic] takes ! *air1 & ! *airman ( ! committee1 hav+ resum$ 8 place 9 ! assembly1 rises1 addresses ! *air1 & says3 8,! ,committee ( ! ,:ole has _h "u consid]ation 7"h he describes ! resolution or o!r matt]7 & has direct$ me to report ! same ) 7or )\t1 z ! case may be7 am5dm5ts10 provid$ ! committee has conclud$ its bus9ess4 ,if ! committee has fail$ to come to a conclusion1 /rike out ( ! report all aft] 8& has0 & ins]t 8come to no conclusion !reon40 ,if no am5dm5ts are report$1 ! *air at once /ates ! "q on ! resolution or o!r matt] ref]r$ to ! committee4 ,if am5dm5ts are report$ ! report+ memb] reads !m1 & h&s ! pap] to ! *air1 :o reads1 & /ates & puts ! "q on ! am5dm5ts z a :ole1 unless a memb] asks = a sep>ate vote on "o or m am5dm5ts1 9 :i* case a s+le vote is tak5 on all ! o!r am5dm5ts1 & !n ! "q is /at$ sep>ately on ea* ( ! am5dm5ts = :i* a sep>ate vote 0 ask$4 ,! am5dm5ts may be debat$ & am5d$4 ,! secret>y does n record 9 ! m9utes ! proce$+s ( ! committee1 b %\ld keep a memor&um ( ! proce$+s = its use4 ,9 l>ge assemblies ! secret>y vacates 8 *air1 :i* is occupi$ by ! *airman ( ! committee1 & ! assi/ant secret>y acts z secret>y ( ! committee4 ,%\ld ! committee become disord]ly1 & ! *airman be unable to control x1 ! presid+ (fic] %\ld take ! *air & decl>e ! committee dissolv$4 ,! quorum ( ! committee ( ! :ole is ! same z t ( ! assembly #fd4 ,if ! committee f9ds itself )\t a quorum1 x c only rise & report ! fact to ! assembly1 :i* 9 su* case mu/ adj\rn4 ,9 l>ge assemblies1 su* z ! ,u4 ,s4 ,h\se ( ,repres5tatives1 :]e a memb] c speak to any "q only once1 ! committee ( ! :ole seems almo/ a necessity1 z x all[s ! free/ discussion ( a subject1 :ile at any "t x c rise & ?us br+ into =ce ! /rict rules ( ! assembly4 ,9 small assemblies x is usually m conv5i5t to sub/itute = x ei!r ! 8,quasi 7z if 97 ,committee ( ! ,:ole10 z us$ 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,s5ate1 or 8,in=mal ,consid]ation10 z frequ5tly us$ 9 ord9>y societies4 ,^! are expla9$ 9 ! next two sections4 #ef4 ,z if 9 7or ,quasi7 ,committee ( ! ,:ole is us$ 9 ! ,u4 ,s4 ,s5ate in/ead ( ! committee ( ! :ole1 & is m conv5i5t 9 small assemblies4 ,! motion %\ld be made 9 a =m simil> to ?is3 8,i move t ! resolution be consid]$ z if 9 committee ( ! :ole40 ,?is be+ adopt$1 ! "q is op5 to debate & am5dm5t ) all ! fre$om ( ! committee ( ! :ole4 ,! presid+ (fic]1 h[ev]1 reta9s ! *air1 in/ead ( appo9t+ a *airman z is done :5 ! assembly goes into committee ( ! :ole4 ,if any motion is adopt$1 except an am5dm5t1 x puts an end to ! quasi committee ( ! :ole4 ,?us1 ! motion to commit is equival5t to ! foll[+ motions :5 9 committee ( ! :ole3 7#a7 ,t ! committee rise2 7#b7 t ! committee ( ! :ole be dis*>g$ f ! fur!r consid]ation ( ! subject2 & 7#c7 t x be ref]r$ to a committee4 ,:5 ! assembly has f9i%$ am5d+ ! proposition "u consid]ation1 )\t fur!r motion ! *airman ann\nces t1 8,! assembly1 act+ z if 9 committee ( ! :ole1 has _h su* subject "u consid]ation1 & has made c]ta9 am5dm5ts10 :i* he !n reports4 ,! subject comes be=e ! assembly !n z if report$ by a committee1 ! *air /at+ ! "q on ! am5dm5ts z describ$ at ! close ( ! previ\s section "u committee ( ! :ole4 ,! secret>y %\ld keep a memor&um ( ! proce$+s :ile act+ z if 9 committee ( ! :ole1 b x %\ld n be ent]$ 9 ! m9utes1 be+ only = tempor>y use4 ,! *airman's report to ! assembly %\ld be ent]$ 9 ! m9utes1 z x belongs to ! assembly's proce$+s4 #eg4 ,in=mal ,consid]ation4 ,9 ord9>y societies ! meet+s ( :i* are n l>ge1 in/ead ( go+ into committee ( ! :ole1 or consid]+ que/ions z if 9 committee ( ! :ole1 x is m usual to consid] ! "q in=mally4 ,! motion is made ?us3 8,i move t ! "q be consid]$ in=mally40 ,! effect ( ! adoption ( ?is motion is to op5 ! ma9 "q & any am5dm5ts t may be propos$1 to free debate z if 9 committee ( ! :ole4 ,no memb] c speak ! second "t to ! same "q z long z a memb] :o has n spok5 desires ! floor4 ,?is in=mal consid]ation applies only to ! ma9 "q & its am5dm5ts1 s t any o!r motion t is made is "u ! regul> rules ( debate4 ,:ile consid]+ a "q in=mally ! assembly by a two-?irds vote may limit ! numb] or l5g? ( spee*es1 or 9 any o!r way limit or close ! debate4 ,:ile ! consid]ation ( ! ma9 "q & its am5dm5ts is in=mal1 all votes are =mal1 ! in=mality apply+ only to ! numb] ( spee*es all[$ 9 debate4 ,! in/ant ! ma9 "q is dispos$ ( tempor>ily1 or p]man5tly1 ! in=mal consid]ation automatically ceases )\t any motion or vote4 ,if ! "q is consid]$ 9 ei!r ! regul> committee ( ! :ole or ! quasi committee ( ! :ole1 x is necess>y =mally to report ! action to ! assembly & !n take action on ! report4 ,?us1 x w be se5 t in=mal consid]ation is mu* simpl] ?an ei!r ( ! me?ods describ$ 9 ! previ\s two sections4 ,x c be us$ to advantage 9 assemblies t are n v l>ge1 in/ead ( ! committee ( ! :ole4 ,:ile ?is is n a motion to commit1 yet x is us$ = practically ! same purpose z ! committee ( ! :ole4 ,x ranks j bel[ ! motion 8to consid] z if 9 committee ( ! :ole10 :i* is j bel[ 8to g into committee ( ! :ole40 ,art4 ,x4 ,! ,(fic]s & ! ,m9utes4 ,,page #eh4 ,*airman or ,presid5t #bcf #ei4 ,secret>y or ,cl]k #bdd #fj4 ,! ,m9utes #bdg #fa4 ,executive ,secret>y #bej #fb4 ,treasur] #bea #eh4 ,*airman or ,presid5t4 ,! presid+ (fic]1 :5 no special title has be5 assign$ him1 is ord9>ily call$ ! ,*airman1 or ! ,presid5t1 or1 especially 9 religi\s assemblies1 ! ,mod]ator4 ,9 organiz$ societies ! con/itution always prescribes 8 title1 t ( ,presid5t be+ mo/ common4 ,9 debate he is ref]r$ to by 8 (ficial title & is address$ by prefix+ ,mr4 or ,madam1 z ! case may be1 to t title4 ,9 ref]r+ to himself he %\ld nev] use ! p]sonal pron\n2 he g5]ally says1 8! *air10 :i* means ! presid+ (fic] ( ! assembly1 reg>dless ( :e!r 8 position is p]man5t or tempor>y4 ,if 8 position is only tempor>y he is call$ ! *airman4 ,8 duties are g5]ally z foll[s3 ,to op5 ! session at ! "t at :i* ! assembly is to meet1 by tak+ ! *air & call+ ! memb]s to ord]2 to ann\nce ! bus9ess be=e ! assembly 9 ! ord] 9 :i* x is to be act$ ^u #fe2 to recognize memb]s entitl$ to ! floor #c2 to /ate #f & to put to vote #i all que/ions :i* are regul>ly mov$1 or necess>ily arise 9 ! c\rse ( ! proce$+s1 & to ann\nce ! result ( ! vote2 to protect ! assembly f annoyance f evid5tly frivol\s or dilatory motions by refus+ to recognize !m #dj2 to assi/ 9 ! exp$it+ ( bus9ess 9 e way compatible ) ! rights ( ! memb]s1 z by all[+ brief rem>ks :5 undebatable motions are p5d+1 if he ?9ks x advisable2 to re/ra9 ! memb]s :5 engag$ 9 debate1 )9 ! rules ( ord]2 to en=ce on all occasions ! obs]vance ( ord] & decorum among ! memb]s1 decid+ all que/ions ( ord] 7subject to an appeal to ! assembly by any two memb]s7 unless :5 9 d\bt he pref]s to submit ! "q = ! decision ( ! assembly #ba2 to in=m ! assembly1 :5 necess>y1 or :5 ref]r$ to = ! purpose1 on a po9t ( ord] or practice p]t95t to p5d+ bus9ess2 to au!nticate1 by 8 signature1 :5 necess>y1 all ! acts1 ord]s1 & proce$+s ( ! assembly decl>+ its w & 9 all ?+s obey+ its comm&s4 ,9 case ( fire1 riot1 or v s]i\s disord]1 or o!r great em]g5cy1 ! *air has ! "r & ! duty to decl>e ! assembly adj\rn$ to "s o!r "t 7& place if necess>y71 if x is impracticable to take a vote1 or 9 8 op9ion1 dang]\s to delay = a vote4 ,! *airman %\ld rise to put a "q to vote1 except 9 v small assemblies1 su* z bo>ds or committees1 b may /ate x sitt+2 he %\ld also rise f 8 seat 7)\t call+ any "o to ! *air7 :5 giv+ 8 reasons = 8 decision ^u a po9t ( ord]1 or :5 speak+ ^u an appeal1 :i* he c d 9 pref]5ce to o!r memb]s4 ,dur+ debate he %\ld be seat$ & pay att5tion to ! speak]1 :o is requir$ to address 8 rem>ks to ! presid+ (fic]4 ,he %\ld always ref] to himself z 8! *air10 ?us1 8,! *air decides10 etc41 n 8,i decide10 etc4 ,:5 a memb] has ! floor1 ! *airman _c int]rupt him except+ z provid$ 9 #c1 s long z he does n transgress any ( ! rules ( ! assembly4 ,if a memb] ( ! assembly1 he is entitl$ to vote :5 ! vote is by ballot 7b n aft] ! tell]s h comm5c$ to c\nt ! ballots71 & 9 all o!r cases :]e ! vote w\ld *ange ! result4 ,?us1 9 a case :]e a two-?irds vote is necess>y1 & 8 vote ?r[n ) ! m9ority w\ld prev5t ! adoption ( ! "q1 he c ca/ 8 vote2 s1 also1 he c vote ) ! m9ority :5 x w produce a tie vote & ?us cause ! motion to fail2 b he _c vote twice1 fir/ to make a tie1 & !n to give ! ca/+ vote4 ,:5ev] a motion is made ref]r+ to ! *airman only1 or :i* complim5ts or condemns him ) o!rs1 x %\ld be put to vote by ! ,vice ,presid5t if 9 ! room1 or by ! ,secret>y1 or on _! failure to d s1 by ! mak] ( ! motion4 ,! *air %\ld n hesitate to put ! "q on a motion to appo9t delegates or a committee on acc\nt ( 8 be+ includ$4 ,! *airman _c close debate unless by ord] ( ! assembly1 :i* requires a two-?irds vote2 nor c he prev5t ! mak+ ( legitimate motions by hurry+ ?r\gh ! proce$+s4 ,if memb]s are reasonably prompt 9 ex]cis+ _! "r to speak or make motions1 ! *air _c prev5t _! do+ s4 ,if he has hurri$ly tak5 & ann\nc$ a vote :ile a memb] is ris+ to address ! *air1 ! vote is null & void1 & ! memb] mu/ be recogniz$4 ,on ! o!r h& ! *airman %\ld n p]mit ! object ( a meet+ to be defeat$ by a few facti\s p]sons us+ p>liam5t>y =ms ) ! evid5t object ( ob/ruct+ bus9ess4 ,9 su* a case he %\ld refuse to ent]ta9 ! dilatory or frivol\s motion1 &1 if an appeal is tak51 he %\ld ent]ta9 x1 &1 if su/a9$ by a l>ge majority he may aft]w>ds refuse to ent]ta9 ev5 an appeal made by ! faction :5 evid5tly made m]ely to ob/ruct bus9ess4 ,b ! *air %\ld nev] adopt su* a c\rse m]ely to exp$ite bus9ess1 :5 ! opposition is n facti\s4 ,x is only ju/ifiable :5 x is p]fectly cle> t ! opposition is try+ to ob/ruct bus9ess4 ,see ,dilatory ,motions1 #dj4 ,if x is necess>y = ! *airman to vacate ! *air ! fir/ ,vice ,presid5t1 if !re is "o1 %\ld take ! *air1 & 9 8 abs5ce ! next "o 9 ord] %\ld take x4 ,if !re is no vice presid5t 9 ! hall1 !n ! *airman may1 if x is necess>y to vacate ! *air1 appo9t a *airman pro tem41 b ! fir/ adj\rnm5t puts an end to ! appo9tm5t1 :i* ! assembly c t]m9ate be=e1 if x pleases1 by elect+ ano!r *airman4 ,b ! regul> *airman1 kn[+ t he w be abs5t f a future meet+1 _c au?orize ano!r memb] to act 9 8 place at su* meet+2 ! secret>y1 or1 9 8 abs5ce1 "s o!r memb] %\ld 9 su* case call ! meet+ to ord]1 & a *airman pro tem4 be elect$ :o w\ld hold (fice dur+ t session1 unless su* (fice is t]m9at$ by ! entrance ( ! presid5t or a vice presid5t1 or by ! election ( ano!r *airman pro tem41 :i* may be done by a majority vote4 ,! *airman sometimes calls a memb] to ! *air & takes "p 9 ! debate4 ,?is %\ld r>ely be done1 & no?+ c ju/ify x 9 a case :]e mu* feel+ is %[n & !re is a liability to difficulty 9 pres]v+ ord]4 ,if ! *airman has ev5 ! appe>ance ( be+ a p>tisan1 he loses mu* ( 8 ability to control ^? :o are on ! opposite side ( ! "q4 ,!re is no?+ to ju/ify ! un=tunate habit "s *airm5 h ( con/antly speak+ on que/ions be=e ! assembly1 ev5 int]rupt+ ! memb] :o has ! floor4 ,"o :o expects to take an active "p 9 debate %\ld nev] accept ! *air1 or at lea/ %\ld n resume ! *air1 aft] hav+ made 8 spee*1 until aft] ! p5d+ "q is dispos$ (4#dc ,! presid+ (fic] ( a l>ge assembly %\ld nev] be *os5 = any reason except 8 ability to preside4 #dc 8,?\gh ! ,speak] 7,*airman7 may ( "r speak to matt]s ( ord] & be fir/ he>d1 he is re/ra9$ f speak+ on any o!r subject except :]e ! ,h\se h occasion = facts )9 8 k3 !n he may1 ) _! leave1 /ate ! matt] ( fact40 ,jeff]son's ,manual1 sec4 ,,xvii4 8,x is a g5]al rule 9 all delib]ative assemblies1 t ! presid+ (fic] %all n p>ticipate 9 ! debate1 or o!r proce$+s1 9 any o!r capacity ?an z su* (fic]4 ,he is only all[$1 !re=e1 to /ate matt]s ( fact )9 8 k2 to in=m ! assembly on po9ts ( ord] or ! c\rse ( proce$+1 :5 call$ ^u = t purpose1 or :5 he f9ds x necess>y to d s2 &1 on appeals f 8 decision on que/ions ( ord]1 to address ! assembly 9 debate40 ,cu%+'s ,manual1 #bjb4 ,! *airman %\ld n only be famili> ) p>liam5t>y usage1 & set ! example ( /rict con=mity !reto1 b he %\ld be a man ( executive ability1 capable ( controll+ m54 ,he %\ld set an example ( c\rtesy1 & %\ld nev] =get t to control o!rs x is necess>y to control "o's self4 ,a n]v\s1 excit$ *airman c sc>cely fail to cause tr\ble 9 a meet+4 ,no rules w take ! place ( tact & common s5se on ! "p ( ! *airman4 ,:ile usually he ne$ n wait = motions ( r\t9e1 or = a motion to be second$ :5 he kn[s x is favor$ by o!rs1 yet if ?is is object$ to1 x is saf] in/antly to require ! =ms ( p>liam5t>y law to be obs]v$4 ,by g5]al cons5t _m ?+s c be done t w save mu* "t see page #bjb1 b :]e ! assembly is v l>ge1 or is divid$ & conta9s memb]s :o are habitually rais+ po9ts ( ord]1 ! mo/ exp$iti\s & safe c\rse is to en=ce /rictly all ! rules & =ms ( p>liam5t>y law4 ,he %\ld be specially c>eful aft] e motion is made & e vote is tak5 to ann\nce ! next bus9ess 9 ord]4 ,:5ev] an improp] motion is made1 in/ead ( simply rul+ x out ( ord]1 x is well = ! *airman to sugge/ h[ ! desir$ object c be accompli%$4 ,see 8,h9ts to ,inexp]i5c$ ,*airman0 bel[4 ,! by-laws sometimes /ate t ! presid5t %all appo9t all committees4 ,9 su* case ! assembly may au?orize committees1 b _c appo9t or nom9ate !m4 ,! presid5t1 h[ev]1 _c appo9t any committees except ^? au?oriz$ by ! by-laws or by a vote ( ! assembly4 ,sometimes ! by-laws make ! presid5t ex-(ficio a memb] ( e committee4 ,:]e ?is is done he has ! rights ( o!r memb]s ( ! committees b n ! obligation to att5d e committee meet+4 ,see #ea4 ,a *airman w (t5 f9d himself p]plex$ ) ! difficulties att5d+ 8 position1 & 9 su* cases he w d well to rememb] t p>liam5t>y law 0 made = delib]ative assemblies1 & n ! assemblies = p>liam5t>y law4 ,?is is well express$ by a di/+ui%$ ,engli% writ] on p>liam5t>y law1 ?us3 8,! great purpose ( all rules & =ms is to subs]ve ! w ( ! assembly r ?an to re/ra9 x2 to facilitate1 & n to ob/ruct1 ! expression ( _! delib]ative s5se40 ,additional ,duties ( ! ,presid5t ( a ,society1 & ! ,vice ,presid5ts4 ,9 addition to 8 duties z presid+ (fic]1 9 _m societies ! presid5t has duties z an adm9i/rative or executive (fic]4 ,:]e ?is is desir$1 ! by-laws %\ld cle>ly set =? ^! duties1 z !y are outside ( 8 duties z presid+ (fic] ( ! assembly1 & d n come )9 ! scope ( p>liam5t>y law4 ,! same is true ( vice presid5ts4 ,sometimes !y h *>ge ( diff]5t dep>tm5ts ( "w1 & !y %\ld be *os5 ) ^? duties 9 view z prescrib$ by ! by-laws4 ,x mu/ n be =gott5 t 9 ! case ( ! abs5ce ( ! presid5t ! fir/ vice presid5t mu/ preside1 & 9 case ( ! illness or resignation or dea? ( ! presid5t t ! fir/ vice presid5t becomes presid5t = ! unexpir$ t]m1 unless ! rules specify h[ vacancies %all be fill$4 ,9 su* case ! second vice presid5t becomes ! fir/1 & s on4 ,x is a mi/ake to elect a vice presid5t :o is n compet5t to p]=m ! duties ( presid5t4 ,h9ts to ,inexp]i5c$ ,*airm54 ,:ile 9 ! *air1 h beside y y\r ,con/itution1 ,by-laws1 & ,rules ( ,ord]1 :i* %\ld be /udi$ until y are p]fectly famili> ) !m4 ,y _c tell ! mom5t y may ne$ ?is k4 ,if a memb] asks :at motion to make 9 ord] to atta9 a c]ta9 object1 y %\ld be able to tell him at once4 #aj4 ,y %\ld memorize ! li/ ( ord9>y motions arrang$ 9 _! ord] ( prec$5ce page #g1 & %\ld be able to ref] to ! ,table ( ,rules page #h s quickly t !re w be no delay 9 decid+ all po9ts conta9$ 9 x4 ,become famili> ) ! fir/ t5 sections ( ^! ,rules2 !y are simple1 & w enable y m quickly to ma/] p>liam5t>y law4 ,read c>efully sections #fi-ga1 s z to become accu/om$ to ! ord9>y me?ods ( conduct+ bus9ess 9 delib]ative assemblies4 ,notice t !re are diff]5t ways ( do+ ! same ?+1 all ( :i* are all[able4 ,y %\ld "k all ! bus9ess to come regul>ly be=e ! meet+1 & call = x 9 its regul> ord]4 ,h ) y a li/ ( memb]s ( all committees1 to guide y 9 nom9at+ new committees4 ,:5 a motion is made1 d n recognize any memb] or all[ any "o to speak until ! motion is second$ & y h /at$ ! "q2 or1 9 case ( !re be+ no second & no response to y\r call = a second1 until y h ann\nc$ t fact2 except 9 case ( a ma9 motion be=e x is second$ or /at$ "s "o rises & says he rises to move a reconsid]ation1 or to call up ! motion to reconsid]1 or to move to take a "q f ! table4 ,9 any ( ^! cases y %\ld recognize ! int]rupt+ memb] z entitl$ to ! floor #c4 ,if y h made a mi/ake & assign$ ! floor to ! wrong p]son1 or recogniz$ a motion t 0 n 9 ord]1 correct ! error z soon z y\r att5tion is call$ to x4 ,s1 :5 a vote is tak51 ann\nce ! result & also :at "q1 if any1 is !n p5d+1 be=e recogniz+ any memb] t addresses ! *air4 ,nev] wait = m]e r\t9e motions to be second$1 :5 y "k no "o objects to !m4 ,see #h4 ,if a memb] ignorantly makes an improp] motion1 d n rule x out ( ord]1 b c\rte\sly sugge/ ! prop] "o4 ,if x is mov$ 8to lay ! "q on ! table until #c ,p4,m410 z ! motion is improp]1 ask if ! int5tion is 8to po/pone ! "q to #c ,p4,m420 if ! answ] is yes1 !n /ate t ! "q is on ! po/ponem5t to t "t4 ,if x is mov$ simply 8to po/pone ! "q10 )\t /at+ ! "t1 d n rule x out ( ord]1 b ask ! mov] if he wi%es 8to po/pone ! "q indef9itely0 7:i* kills x71 or 8to lay x on ! table0 7:i* enables x to be tak5 up at any o!r "t72 !n /ate ! "q 9 accordance ) ! motion he int5d$ to make4 ,s1 if aft] a report has be5 pres5t$ & read1 a memb] moves t 8x be receiv$10 ask him if he means to move 8its adoption0 7or 8acceptance10 :i* is ! same ?+71 z ! report has be5 already receiv$4 ,no vote %\ld be tak5 on receiv+ a report1 :i* m]ely br+s x be=e ! assembly1 & all[s x to be read1 unless "s "o objects to its reception4 ,! *airman ( a committee usually has ! mo/ to say 9 ref]5ce to que/ions be=e ! committee2 b ! *airman ( an ord9>y delib]ative assembly1 especially a l>ge "o1 %\ld1 ( all ! memb]s1 h ! lea/ to say ^u ! m]its ( p5d+ que/ions4 ,nev] int]rupt memb]s :ile speak+1 simply because y "k m ab\t ! matt] ?an !y d2 nev] get excit$2 nev] be unju/ to ! mo/ tr\blesome memb]1 or take advantage ( 8 ignorance ( p>liam5t>y law1 ev5 ?\gh a tempor>y good is accompli%$ !reby4 ,"k all ab\t p>liam5t>y law1 b d n try to %[ (f y\r k4 ,nev] be te*nical1 or m /rict ?an is absolutely necess>y = ! good ( ! meet+4 ,use y\r judgm5t2 ! assembly may be ( su* a nature ?r\gh its ignorance ( p>liam5t>y usages & peaceable disposition1 t a /rict en=cem5t ( ! rules1 in/ead ( assi/+1 w\ld greatly h9d] bus9ess2 b 9 l>ge assemblies1 :]e !re is mu* "w to be done1 & especially :]e !re is liability to tr\ble1 ! only safe c\rse is to require a /rict obs]vance ( ! rules4 #ei4 ,secret>y1 or ,cl]k4 ,! record+ (fic] is v>i\sly call$ ,cl]k1 or ,secret>y1 or ,record+ ,secret>y 7:]e !re is also a ,correspond+ ,secret>y71 or ,record]1 or ,scribe1 etc4 ,! secret>y is ! record+ (fic] ( ! assembly & ! cu/odian ( its records except su* z are specifically assign$ to o!rs1 z ! treasur]'s books4 ,^! records are op51 h[ev]1 to inspection by any memb] at reasonable times1 & :]e a committee ne$s any records ( a society = ! prop] p]=mance ( its duties1 !y %\ld be turn$ ov] to its *airman4 ,! same pr9ciple applies 9 bo>ds & committees1 _! records be+ accessible to memb]s ( ! bo>d or committee1 z ! case may be1 b to no o!rs4 ,9 addition to keep+ ! records ( ! society & ! m9utes ( ! meet+s1 x is ! duty ( ! secret>y to keep a regi/]1 or roll1 ( ! memb]s & to call ! roll :5 requir$2 to notify (fic]s1 committees1 & delegates ( _! appo9tm5t1 & to furni% committees ) all pap]s ref]r$ to !m1 & delegates ) cr$5tials2 & to sign ) ! presid5t all ord]s on ! treasur] au?oriz$ by ! society1 unless o!rwise specifi$ 9 ! by-laws4 ,he %\ld also keep "o book 9 :i* ! con/itution1 by-laws1 rules ( ord]1 & /&+ rules %\ld all be writt51 leav+ e o!r page blank2 & :5ev] an am5dm5t is made to any ( !m1 9 addition to be+ record$ 9 ! m9utes x %\ld be imm$iately ent]$ on ! page opposite to ! article am5d$1 ) a ref]5ce1 9 r$ ink1 to ! date & page ( ! m9utes :]e x is record$4 ,9 addition to ! above duties1 :5 !re is only "o secret>y1 x is 8 duty to s5d out prop] notices ( all call$ meet+s1 & ( o!r meet+s :5 necess>y1 & to conduct ! correspond5ce ( ! society1 except z o!rwise provid$4 ,:]e !re is a ,correspond+ ,secret>y ^! duties devolve on him1 z well z su* o!rs z are prescrib$ by ! by-laws4 ,! by-laws %\ld always cle>ly def9e ! additional duties ( ! correspond+ secret>y if any are to be impos$ on him4 ,:5 ! ^w 8secret>y0 is us$ x always ref]s to ! record+ secret>y if !re is m ?an "o4 ,! secret>y %\ld1 previ\s to ea* meet+1 = ! use ( ! *airman1 make out an ord] ( bus9ess #fe1 %[+ 9 _! exact ord] :at is necess>ily to come be=e ! assembly4 ,he %\ld also h1 at ea* meet+1 a li/ ( all /&+ committees1 & su* special committees z are 9 exi/5ce at ! "t1 z well z ! by-laws ( ! organization & its m9utes4 ,8 desk %\ld be ne> t ( ! *airman1 & 9 ! abs5ce ( ! *airman 7if !re is no vice presid5t pres5t71 :5 ! h\r = op5+ ! session arrives1 x is 8 duty to call ! meet+ to ord]1 & to preside until ! election ( a *airman pro tem41 :i* %\ld take place imm$iately4 ,he %\ld keep a record ( ! proce$+s1 /at+ :at 0 done & n :at 0 said1 unless x is to be publi%$1 & nev] mak+ criticisms1 favorable or o!rwise1 on any?+ said or done4 ,?is record1 usually call$ ! m9utes1 is kept z expla9$ 9 ! next section4 ,:5 a committee is appo9t$1 ! secret>y %\ld h& ! names ( ! committee1 & all pap]s ref]r$ to x1 to ! *airman ( ! committee1 or "s o!r ( its memb]s4 ,he %\ld indorse on ! reports ( committees ! date ( _! reception1 & :at fur!r action 0 tak5 ^u !m1 & pres]ve !m among ! records1 = :i* he is responsible4 ,x is n necess>y to vote t a report be 8plac$ on file10 z t %\ld be done )\t a vote1 except 9 organizations t habitually keep no records except _! m9utes & pap]s ord]$ on file4 #fj4 ,! ,m9utes4 ,! record ( ! proce$+s ( a delib]ative assembly is usually call$ ! ,m9utes1 or ! ,record1 or ! ,j\rnal4 ,! ess5tials ( ! record are z foll[s3 7a7 ! k9d ( meet+1 8regul>0 7or /at$7 or 8special10 or 8adj\rn$ regul>0 or 8adj\rn$ special02 7b7 "n ( ! assembly2 7c7 date ( meet+ & place1 :5 x is n always ! same2 7d7 ! fact ( ! pres5ce ( ! regul> *airman & secret>y1 or 9 _! abs5ce ! names ( _! sub/itutes2 7e7 :e!r ! m9utes ( ! previ\s meet+ 7 approv$1 or _! read+ disp5s$ )1 ! dates ( ! meet+s be+ giv5 :5 x is cu/om>y to occasionally transact bus9ess at o!r ?an ! regul> bus9ess meet+s2 7f7 all ! ma9 motions 7except su* z 7 )drawn7 & po9ts ( ord] & appeals1 :e!r su/a9$ or lo/1 & all o!r motions t 7 n lo/ or )drawn2 7g7 & usually ! h\rs ( meet+ & adj\rnm5t1 :5 ! meet+ is solely = bus9ess4 ,g5]ally ! "n is record$ ( ! memb] :o introduc$ a ma9 motion1 b n ( ! second]4 ,9 "s societies ! m9utes are sign$ by ! presid5t 9 addition to ! secret>y1 & :5 publi%$ !y %\ld always be sign$ by bo? (fic]s4 ,if m9utes are n habitually approv$ at ! next meet+1 !n !re %\ld be writt5 at ! end ( ! m9utes ! ^w 8,approv$0 & ! date ( ! approval1 :i* %\ld be sign$ by ! secret>y4 ,!y %\ld be ent]$ 9 good black ink 9 a well-b\nd record-book4#dd #dd ,9 _m organizations x is pref]able = ! secret>y to keep 8 orig9al p5cil notes 9 a pocket memor&um book :i* he c>ries to e meet+1 & ^! orig9al notes1 z correct$1 are approv$ & !n copi$ into ! p]man5t records4 ,?is plan usually results 9 neat] records1 b ! orig9al notes %\ld be kept until !y are c>efully comp>$ ) ! p]man5t records4 ,9 su* case x is bett] to h ! m9utes sign$ by bo? presid5t & secret>y z a gu>antee aga9/ errors 9 copy+4 ,! ,=m ( ! ,m9utes may be z foll[s3 ,at a regul> meet+ ( ! ,m4 ,l4 ,society1 held 9 _! hall1 on ,?ursday ev5+1 ,m>* #ai1 #aiad1 ! presid5t 9 ! *air1 & ,mr4 ,n act+ z secret>y1 ! m9utes ( ! previ\s meet+ 7 read & approv$4 ,! ,committee on ,applications report$ ! names ( ,messrs4 ,c & ,d z applicants = memb]%ip1 & on motion ( ,mr4 ,f !y 7 admitt$ z memb]s4 ,! committee on 444444 report$ ?r\gh ,mr4 ,g a s]ies ( resolutions1 :i* 7 ?or\ghly discuss$ & am5d$1 & f9ally adopt$1 z foll[s3 ,resolv$1 ,t444444 ,on motion ( ,mr4 ,l ! society adj\rn$ at #aj ,p4,m4 ,r444444 ,n444444 ,secret>y4 ,9 keep+ ! m9utes1 mu* dep5ds ^u ! k9d ( meet+1 & :e!r ! m9utes are to be publi%$4 ,9 ! meet+s ( ord9>y societies & ( bo>ds ( manag]s & tru/ees1 !re is no object 9 report+ ! debates2 ! duty ( ! secret>y1 9 su* cases1 is ma9ly to record :at is 8done0 by ! assembly1 & n :at is said by ! memb]s4 ,he %\ld ent] ! ess5tials ( a record1 z previ\sly /at$1 & :5 a c\nt has be5 ord]$ or :]e ! vote is by ballot1 he %\ld ent] ! numb] ( votes on ea* side2 & :5 ! vot+ is by yeas & nays he %\ld ent] a li/ ( ! names ( ^? vot+ on ea* side4 ,! proce$+s ( ! committee ( ! :ole1 or :ile act+ z if 9 committee ( ! :ole1 %\ld n be ent]$ 9 ! m9utes1 b ! report ( ! committee %\ld be ent]$4 ,:5 a "q is consid]$ in=mally1 ! proce$+s %\ld be kept z usual1 z ! only in=mality is 9 ! debate4 ,if a report conta9+ resolutions has be5 agre$ to1 ! resolutions %\ld be ent]$ 9 full z f9ally adopt$ by ! assembly1 ?us3 8,! committee on 444444 submitt$ a report ) a s]ies ( resolutions :i*1 aft] discussion & am5dm5t1 7 adopt$ z foll[s30 !n %\ld be ent]$ ! resolutions z adopt$4 ,:]e ! proce$+s are publi%$1 ! me?od %[n fur!r on %\ld be foll[$4 ,if ! report is ( great importance ! assembly %\ld ord] x 8to be ent]$ on ! m9utes10 9 :i* case ! secret>y copies x 9 full ^u ! record4 ,:]e ! regul> meet+s are held weekly1 mon?ly1 or qu>t]ly1 ! m9utes are read at ! op5+ ( ea* day's meet+1 &1 aft] correction1 %\ld be approv$4 ,:]e ! meet+s are held sev]al days 9 succession ) recesses dur+ ! day1 ! m9utes are read at ! op5+ ( bus9ess ea* day4 ,if ! next meet+ ( ! organization w n be held = a long p]iod1 z six mon?s or a ye>1 ! m9utes t h n be5 read previ\sly %\ld be read & approv$ be=e f9al adj\rnm5t4 ,if ?is is impracticable1 !n ! executive committee1 or a special committee1 %\ld be au?oriz$ to correct & approve !m4 ,9 ?is case ! record %\ld be sign$ z usual1 & aft] ! signatures ! ^w 8,approv$10 ) ! date & ! signature ( ! *airman ( ! committee au?oriz$ to approve !m4 ,at ! next meet+1 six mon?s lat]1 !y ne$ n be read1 unless x is desir$ = in=mation1 z x is too late to correct !m intellig5tly4 ,:5 ! read+ ( ! m9utes is disp5s$ ) !y c aft]w>ds be tak5 up at any "t :5 no?+ is p5d+4 ,if n tak5 up previ\sly1 !y come be=e ! assembly at ! next meet+ be=e ! read+ ( ! lat] m9utes4 ,) ?is exception ! motion to disp5se ) read+ ! m9utes is practically id5tical ) ! motion to lay ! m9utes on ! table1 be+ undebatable & requir+ only a majority vote4 ,! m9utes ( a secret meet+1 z = ! trial ( a memb]1 %\ld n be read at a meet+ t is op5 to ! public1 if ! record conta9s any ( ! details ( ! trial t %\ld n be made public4 ,m9utes to be ,publi%$4 ,:5 ! m9utes are to be publi%$1 9 addition to ! /rict record ( :at is done1 z h]et(ore describ$1 !y %\ld conta9 a li/ ( ! speak]s on ea* side ( e "q1 ) an ab/ract ( all addresses1 if n ! addresses 9 full1 :5 writt5 copies are furni%$4 ,9 ?is case ! secret>y %\ld h an assi/ant4 ,) "s annual conv5tions x is desir$ to publi% ! proce$+s 9 full4 ,9 su* cases x is necess>y to employ a /5ograph] z assi/ant to ! secret>y4 ,reports ( committees %\ld be pr9t$ exactly z submitt$1 ! m9utes %[+ :at action 0 tak5 by ! assembly 9 reg>d to !m2 or1 !y may be pr9t$ ) all additions 9 italics & p>ts /ruck out enclos$ 9 brackets1 9 :i* case a note to t effect %\ld prec$e ! report or resolutions4 ,9 ?is way ! read] c see exactly :at ! committee report$ & also exactly :at ! assembly adopt$ or endors$4 #fa4 ,! ,executive ,secret>y is usually a sal>i$ (fic] paid to give up all 8 "t to ! "w z executive (fic]1 or g5]al manag]1 ( an organization "u a bo>d ( manag]s & an executive committee #ej4 ,9 "s organizations ?is (fic] is call$ ,correspond+ ,secret>y1 b ! title ( correspond+ secret>y does n c>ry ) x any duty except t ( conduct+ ! correspond5ce ( ! society z expla9$ on page #bdf1 unless x is prescrib$ by ! by-laws4 ,! (fice ( ! executive secret>y is usually ! only (fice ( ! organization1 & !re ! ,executive ,committee meets & transacts its bus9ess4 ,! bo>d ( manag]s 9 su* cases is usually l>ge & s scatt]$ z nev] to h regul> meet+s (t5] ?an qu>t]ly4 ,:5 ! organization is a national "o x usually meets j be=e ! annual conv5tion1 :5 x he>s ! annual report1 prep>$ by ! executive secret>y & previ\sly adopt$ by ! executive committee1 & acts ^u x4 ,! new bo>d meets imm$iately aft] ! conv5tion1 & organizes1 elects an executive committee & an executive secret>y1 :5 s au?oriz$ by ! by-laws1 & decides ^u ! g5]al policy = ! ye>1 leav+ ! details to ! executive committee & ! executive secret>y4 ,! bo>d r>ely meets (t5] ?an once or twice 9 addition to ! meet+s 9 connection ) ! annual meet+1 special meet+s1 h[ev]1 be+ call$1 :5 requir$1 z provid$ by its by-laws4 ,9 "s organizations ! executive secret>y is elect$ by ! conv5tion4 ,he is usually ex-(ficio secret>y ( ! executive committee4 ,! memb]s ( ! executive committee giv+ _! "t gratuit\sly1 x is ! duty ( ! executive secret>y to prep>e = ! committee all bus9ess t has n be5 assign$ to o!rs1 & to see t all its in/ructions are c>ri$ out4 ,he is expect$ to recomm5d plans ( "w & conduct ! bus9ess g5]ally1 "u ! executive committee1 & prep>e ! annual report1 :i*1 aft] be+ adopt$ by ! executive committee1 %\ld be adopt$ by ! bo>d1 ^: report x is1 & !n be submitt$ to ! conv5tion4 #fb4 ,treasur]4 ,! duties ( ?is (fic] v>y 9 diff]5t societies4 ,9 probably ! majority ( cases he acts z a bank]1 m]ely hold+ ! funds deposit$ ) him & pay+ !m out on ! ord] ( ! society sign$ by ! presid5t & ! secret>y4 ,he is always requir$ to make an annual report1 & 9 _m societies he also makes a qu>t]ly report :i* may be 9 ! =m giv5 bel[4 ,if ! society has auditors ! report %\ld be h&$ to !m1 ) ! v\*]s1 9 "t to be audit$ be=e ! meet+4 ,! auditors hav+ c]tifi$ to its correctness1 submit _! report1 & ! *air puts ! "q on adopt+ x1 :i* has ! effect ( approv+ ! treasur]'s report1 & reliev+ him f responsibility 9 case ( loss ( v\*]s1 except 9 case ( fraud4 ,if !re are no auditors ! report :5 made %\ld be ref]r$ to an audit+ committee1 :o %\ld report on x lat]4 ,x %\ld always be rememb]$ t ! f9ancial report is made = ! in=mation ( memb]s4 ,! details ( dates & sep>ate paym5ts = ! same object are a h9drance to its be+ und]/ood1 & are useless1 z x is ! duty ( ! audit+ committee to exam9e into details & see if ! report is correct4 ,! be/ =m = ^! f9ancial reports dep5ds ^u ! k9d ( society1 & is be/ det]m9$ by exam9+ ^? made 9 simil> societies4 ,! foll[+ brief report is 9 a =m adapt$ to _m societies :]e ! f9ancial "w is a v subord9ate "p ( _! "w3 ,,report ,,( ,,! ,,treasur] ,,( ,,! ,m4 ,l4 ,,society ,,= ,,! ,,qu>t] ,,end+ ,,m>* #ca1 #aiad4 ,receipts4 ,balance on h& ,janu>y #a1 #aiad #be4ge ,initiation fees #ej4jj ,memb]s' dues #aej4jj ,f9es #aj4ej #baj4ej ------- ------- ,total #bcf4be ,disbursem5ts4 ,r5t ( ,hall #hj4jj ,electric lights #bb4jj ,/ation]y & ,pr9t+ #ae4jj ,repair ( ,furniture #aj4jj ,janitor #fj4jj #ahg4jj ------- ,balance on h& ,m>* #ca1 #aiad4 #di4be ------- ,total #bcf4be ,s4444 ,m44441 ,treasur] ,exam9$ & f\nd correct4 ,r4444 ,v4444 ,j4444 ,l4444 ,audit+ ,committee4 ,art4 ,,xi4 ,miscellane\s4 ,,page #fc4 ,session #bec #fd4 ,quorum #beg #fe4 ,ord] ( ,bus9ess #bfa #ff4 ,nom9ations & ,elections #bfc #fg4 ,con/itutions1 ,by-laws1 ,rules ( ,ord]1 & ,/&+ ,rules #bfd #fh4 ,am5dm5ts ( ,con/itutions1 ,by-laws1 & ,rules ( ,ord] #bfi #fc4 ,a ,session ( an assembly is a meet+ :i*1 ?\gh x may la/ = days1 is virtually "o meet+1 z a session ( a conv5tion2 or ev5 mon?s1 z a session ( ,congress2 x t]m9ates by an 8adj\rnm5t s9e die 7)\t day740 ,! int]m$iate adj\rnm5ts f day to day1 or ! recesses tak5 dur+ ! day1 d n de/roy ! cont9uity ( ! meet+s1 :i* 9 reality con/itute "o session4 ,any meet+ :i* is n an adj\rnm5t ( ano!r meet+ comm5ces a new session4 ,9 ! case ( a p]man5t society1 ^: by-laws provide = regul> meet+s e week1 mon?1 or ye>1 = example1 ea* meet+ con/itutes a sep>ate session ( ! society1 :i* session1 h[ev]1 c be prolong$ by adj\rn+ to ano!r day4 ,9 ?is ,manual ! t]m ,meet+ is us$ to d5ote an assembl+ ( ! memb]s ( a delib]ative assembly = any l5g? ( "t1 dur+ :i* !re is no sep>ation ( ! memb]s except = a recess ( a few m9utes1 z ! morn+ meet+s1 ! aft]noon meet+s1 & ! ev5+ meet+s1 ( a conv5tion ^: session la/s = days4 ,a 8meet+0 ( an assembly is t]m9at$ by a tempor>y adj\rnm5t or a recess = a meal1 etc42 a 8session0 ( an assembly ends ) an adj\rnm5t )\t day1 & may consi/ ( _m meet+s4 ,s an adj\rnm5t to meet aga9 at "s o!r "t1 ev5 ! same day1 unless x 0 = only a few m9utes1 t]m9ates ! meet+1 b n ! session1 :i* latt] includes all ! adj\rn$ meet+s4 ,! next meet+1 9 ?is case1 w\ld be an 8adj\rn$ meet+0 ( ! same session4 ,9 ord9>y practice a meet+ is clos$ by mov+ simply 8to adj\rn20 ! society meets aga9 at ! "t provid$ ei!r by ! rules or by a resolution ( ! society4 ,if x does n meet till ! "t = ! next regul> meet+ z provid$ 9 ! by-laws1 !n ! adj\rnm5t closes ! session1 & 0 9 effect an adj\rnm5t )\t day4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x _h previ\sly fix$ ! "t = ! next meet+1 ei!r by a direct vote or by adopt+ a program ( ex]cise cov]+ sev]al meet+s1 or ev5 days1 9 ei!r case ! adj\rnm5t is 9 effect to a c]ta9 "t1 & :ile clos+ ! meet+ does n close ! session4 ,9 su* common expressions z qu>t]ly meet+ & annual meet+ ! ^w meet+ is us$ 9 ! s5se ( ! p>liam5t>y session1 & cov]s all ! adj\rn$ meet+s4 ,?us1 bus9ess t legally mu/ be done at ! annual meet+ may be done at any "t dur+ ! session beg9n+ at ! "t specifi$ = ! annual meet+1 ?\gh ! session1 by repeat$ adj\rnm5ts1 may la/ = days4 ,! bus9ess may be po/pon$ to ! next regul> meet+1 if desir$4 ,"u ,r5ewal ( ,motions #ch is expla9$ :at motions c be repeat$ dur+ ! same session1 & also ! circum/ances "u :i* c]ta9 motions _c be r5ew$ until aft] ! close ( ! next succe$+ session4 ,a rule or resolution ( a p]man5t nature may be adopt$ by a majority vote at any session ( a society1 & x w cont9ue 9 =ce until x is resc9d$4 ,b su* a /&+ rule does n mat]ially int]f]e ) ! rights ( a future session1 z by a majority vote x may be susp5d$ s f> z x affects t session2 &1 x may be resc9d$ by a majority vote1 if notice ( ! propos$ action 0 giv5 at a previ\s meet+1 or 9 ! notice ( ! meet+2 or1 )\t any notice1 x may be resc9d$ by a majority ( ! entire memb]%ip1 or by a two-?irds vote4 ,if x is desir$ to give great] /ability to a rule x is necess>y to place x 9 ! con/itution1 by-laws1 or rules ( ord]1 all ( :i* are s gu>d$ by requir+ notice ( am5dm5ts1 & at lea/ a two-?irds vote = _! adoption1 t !y are n subject to sudd5 *anges1 & may be consid]$ z express+ ! delib]ate views ( ! :ole society1 r ?an ! op9ions or wi%es ( any p>ticul> meet+4 ,9 case ( ! illness ( ! presid+ (fic] ! assembly _c elect a *airman pro tem4 to hold (fice beyond ! session1 unless notice ( ! election 0 giv5 at ! previ\s meet+ or 9 ! call = ?is meet+4 ,s x is improp] = an assembly to po/pone any?+ to a day beyond ! next succe$+ session1 & ?us attempt to prev5t ! next session f consid]+ ! "q4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is n p]mitt$ to move ! reconsid]ation ( a vote tak5 at a previ\s session1 ?\gh ! motion to reconsid] c be call$ up1 provid$ x 0 made dur+ ! previ\s session 9 a society hav+ meet+s z (t5 z qu>t]ly4 ,committees c be appo9t$ to report at a future session4 ,,note ,,on ,,session4--,9 ,congress1 & 9 fact all legislative bodies1 ! limits ( ! sessions are cle>ly def9$2 b 9 ord9>y societies hav+ a p]man5t exi/5ce1 ) regul> meet+s m or less frequ5t1 !re appe>s to be "s confusion ^u ! subject4 ,any society is compet5t to decide :at %all con/itute "o ( its sessions1 b1 :]e !re is no rule on ! subject1 ! common p>liam5t>y law w\ld make ea* ( its regul> or special meet+s a sep>ate session1 z !y are reg>d$ 9 ?is ,manual4 ,! disadvantages ( a rule mak+ a session include all ! meet+s ( an ord9>y society1 held dur+ a long "t1 z "o ye>1 are v great4 ,if an objection to ! consid]ation ( a "q has be5 su/a9$1 or if a "q has be5 adopt$1 or reject$1 or po/pon$ indef9itely1 ! "q _c aga9 be br\ght be=e ! assembly = its consid]ation dur+ ! same session4 ,if a session la/$ = a long p]iod1 a tempor>y majority c\ld =e/all ! p]man5t majority1 & introduce & act on a numb] ( que/ions favor$ by ! majority1 & ?us prev5t ! society f deal+ ) ^? subjects = ! long p]iod ( ! session4 ,if memb]s ( any society take advantage ( ! fre$om all[$ by consid]+ ea* regul> meet+ a sep>ate session1 & repeat$ly r5ew obnoxi\s or unpr(itable motions1 ! society c adopt a rule prohibit+ ! second introduction ( any ma9 "q )91 say1 ?ree mon?s aft] its rejection1 or indef9ite po/ponem5t1 or aft] ! society has refus$ to consid] x4 ,b g5]ally x is bett] to suppress ! motion by refus+ to consid] x #bc4 #fd4 ,a ,quorum ( an assembly is su* a numb] z mu/ be pres5t 9 ord] t bus9ess c be legally transact$4 ,! quorum ref]s to ! numb] pres5t1 n to ! numb] vot+4 ,! quorum ( a mass meet+ is ! numb] pres5t at ! "t1 z !y con/itute ! memb]%ip at t "t4 ,! quorum ( a body ( delegates1 unless ! by-laws provide = a small] quorum1 is a majority ( ! numb] enroll$ z att5d+ ! conv5tion1 n ^? appo9t$4 ,! quorum ( any o!r delib]ative assembly ) an enroll$ memb]%ip 7unless ! by-laws provide = a small] quorum7 is a majority ( all ! memb]s4 ,9 ! case1 h[ev]1 ( a society1 l _m religi\s ones1 :]e !re are no annual dues1 & :]e memb]%ip is = life 7unless x is transf]r$ or ! names are /ruck f ! roll by a vote ( ! society7 ! regi/] ( memb]s is n reliable z a li/ ( ! bona fide memb]s ( ! society1 & 9 _m su* societies x w\ld be impossible to h pres5t at a bus9ess meet+ a majority ( ^? enroll$ z memb]s4 ,:]e su* societies h no by-law e/abli%+ a quorum1 ! quorum consi/s ( ^? :o att5d ! meet+1 provid$ x is ei!r a /at$ meet+ or "o t has be5 prop]ly call$4 ,9 all ord9>y societies ! by-laws %\ld provide = a quorum z l>ge z c be dep5d$ ^u = be+ pres5t at all meet+s :5 ! wea!r is n exceptionally bad4 ,9 su* an assembly ! *airman %\ld n take ! *air until a quorum is pres5t1 or !re is no prospect ( !re be+ a quorum4 ,! only bus9ess t c be transact$ 9 ! abs5ce ( a quorum is to take measures to obta9 a quorum1 to fix ! "t to :i* to adj\rn1 & to adj\rn1 or to take a recess4 ,unanim\s cons5t _c be giv5 :5 a quorum is n pres5t1 & a notice giv5 !n is n valid4 ,9 ! case ( an annual meet+1 :]e c]ta9 bus9ess = ! ye>1 z ! election ( (fic]s1 mu/ be att5d$ to dur+ ! session1 ! meet+ %\ld fix a "t = an adj\rn$ meet+ & !n adj\rn4 ,9 an assembly t has ! p[] to compel ! att5dance ( its memb]s1 if a quorum is n pres5t at ! appo9t$ h\r1 ! *airman %\ld wait a few m9utes be=e tak+ ! *air4 ,9 ! abs5ce ( a quorum su* an assembly may ord] a call ( ! h\se #da & ?us compel att5dance ( abs5tees1 or x may adj\rn1 provid+ = an adj\rn$ meet+ if x pleases4 ,9 committee ( ! :ole ! quorum is ! same z 9 ! assembly2 if x f9ds itself )\t a quorum x c d no?+ b rise & report to ! assembly1 :i* !n adj\rns4 ,9 any o!r committee ! majority is a quorum1 unless ! assembly ord] o!rwise1 & x mu/ wait = a quorum be=e proce$+ to bus9ess4 ,bo>ds ( tru/ees1 manag]s1 directors1 etc41 are on ! same foot+ z committees z reg>ds a quorum4 ,_! p[] is delegat$ to !m z a body1 & _! quorum1 or :at numb] %all be pres5t1 9 ord] t !y may act z a bo>d or committee1 _c be det]m9$ by !m1 unless s provid$ 9 ! by-laws4 ,:ile no "q c be decid$ 9 ! abs5ce ( a quorum except+ ^? m5tion$ above1 a memb] _c be int]rupt$ :ile speak+ 9 ord] to make ! po9t ( no quorum4 ,! debate may cont9ue 9 ! abs5ce ( a quorum until "s "o raises ! po9t :ile no "o is speak+4 ,:ile a quorum is compet5t to transact any bus9ess1 x is usually n exp$i5t to transact important bus9ess unless !re is a fair att5dance at ! meet+1 or else previ\s notice ( su* action has be5 giv54 ,c>e %\ld be tak5 9 am5d+ ! rule provid+ = a quorum4 ,if ! rule is /ruck out fir/1 !n ! quorum in/antly becomes a majority ( all ! memb]s1 s t 9 _m societies x w\ld be ne>ly impracticable to secure a quorum to adopt a new rule4 ,! prop] way is to am5d by /rik+ out c]ta9 words 7or ! :ole rule7 & ins]t+ c]ta9 o!r words 7or ! new rule71 :i* is made & vot$ on z "o "q4 ,,note ,,on ,,quorum4--,aft] all ! memb]s ( an organization h _h reasonable notice ( a meet+1 & ample opportunity = discussion1 if a majority ( ! total memb]%ip ( ! organization come to a c]ta9 decision1 t mu/ be accept$ z ! action or op9ion ( t body4 ,b1 ) ! exception ( a body ( delegates1 x is seldom t a vote z great z a majority ( ! total memb]%ip ( a l>ge volunt>y organization c be obta9$ = any?+1 & consequ5tly !re has be5 e/abli%$ a common p>liam5t>y law pr9ciple1 t if a b>e majority ( ! memb]%ip is pres5t at a meet+ prop]ly call$ or provid$ =1 a majority vote 7:i* means a majority ( ^? :o vote7 %all be suffici5t to make ! act ! act ( ! body1 unless x susp5ds a rule or a "r ( a memb] 7z ! "r to introduce que/ions & ! "r ( free discussion be=e be+ requir$ to vote on f9ally dispos+ ( a "q7 & t a two-?irds vote %all h ! p[] to susp5d ^! rules & rights4 ,?is gives ! "r to act = ! society to ab\t "o-f\r? ( its memb]s 9 ord9>y cases1 & to ab\t "o-?ird ( its memb]s 9 case ( susp5d+ ! rules & c]ta9 rights4 ,b x has be5 f\nd impracticable to accompli% ! "w ( mo/ volunt>y societies if no bus9ess c be transact$ unless a majority ( ! memb]s is pres5t4 ,9 l>ge organizations1 meet+ weekly or mon?ly = "o or two h\rs1 x is ! exception :5 a majority ( ! memb]s is pres5t at a meet+1 & !re=e x has be5 f\nd necess>y to require ! pres5ce ( only a small p]c5tage ( ! memb]s to enable ! assembly to act = ! organization1 or1 9 o!r words1 to e/abli% a small quorum4 ,9 legislative bodies 9 ?is c\ntry1 :i* are compos$ ( memb]s paid = _! s]vices1 x is det]m9$ by ! con/itutions to be a majority ( _! memb]s4 ,congress 9 #ahfa decid$ ?is to be a majority ( ! memb]s *os54 ,9 ! ,engli% ,h\se ( ,commons x is #dj out ( ne>ly #gjj1 be+ ab\t #f ( ! memb]s1 :ile 9 ! ,h\se ( ,lords ! quorum is #c1 or ab\t "o-half ( #a ( ! memb]s4 ,:]e ! quorum is s small x has be5 f\nd necess>y to require notice ( all bills1 am5dm5ts1 etc41 to be giv5 9 advance2 & ev5 9 ,congress1 ) its l>ge quorum1 "o day's notice has to be giv5 ( any motion to resc9d or *ange any rule or /&+ ord]4 ,?is pr9ciple is a s\nd "o1 p>ticul>ly ) societies meet+ mon?ly or weekly = "o or two h\rs1 & ) small quorums1 :]e frequ5tly ! assembly is no adequate repres5tation ( ! society4 ,! difficulty 9 su* cases may be met 9 societies adopt+ ?is ,manual by ! prop] use ( ! motion to reconsid] & h ent]$ on ! m9utes z expla9$ on page #afe4 #fe4 ,ord] ( ,bus9ess4 ,x is cu/om>y = e society hav+ a p]man5t exi/5ce to adopt an ord] ( bus9ess = its meet+s4 ,:5 no rule has be5 adopt$1 ! foll[+ is ! ord]3 7#a7 ,read+ ! ,m9utes ( ! previ\s meet+ & _! approval4 7#b7 ,reports ( ,bo>ds & ,/&+ ,committees4 7#c7 ,reports ( ,special 7,select7 ,committees4 7#d7 ,special ,ord]s4 7#e7 ,unf9i%$ ,bus9ess & ,g5]al ,ord]s4 7#f7 ,new ,bus9ess4 ,! m9utes are read only once a day at ! beg9n+ ( ! day's bus9ess4 ,! second item includes ! reports ( all ,bo>ds ( ,manag]s1 ,tru/ees1 etc41 z well z reports ( su* (fic]s z are requir$ to make !m4 ,! fif? item includes1 fir/1 ! bus9ess p5d+ & undispos$ ( at ! previ\s adj\rnm5t2 & !n ! g5]al ord]s t 7 on ! cal5d> = ! previ\s meet+ & 7 n dispos$ (2 & f9ally1 matt]s po/pon$ to ?is meet+ t h n be5 dispos$ (4 ,! secret>y %\ld always h at e meet+ a memor&um ( ! ord] ( bus9ess = ! use ( ! presid+ (fic]1 %[+ ev]y?+ t is to come be=e ! meet+4 ,! *airman1 z soon z "o ?+ is dispos$ (1 %\ld ann\nce ! next bus9ess 9 ord]4 ,:5 reports are 9 ord] he %\ld call = ! diff]5t reports 9 _! ord]1 & :5 unf9i%$ bus9ess is 9 ord] he %\ld ann\nce ! diff]5t que/ions 9 _! prop] ord]1 z /at$ above1 & ?us always keep ! control ( ! bus9ess4 ,if x is desir$ to transact bus9ess out ( its ord]1 x is necess>y to susp5d ! rules #bb1 :i* c be done by a two-?irds vote4 ,b1 z ea* resolution or report comes up1 a majority c at once lay x on ! table1 & ?us rea* any "q :i* x desires fir/ to dispose (4 ,x is improp] to lay on ! table or to po/pone a class ( que/ions l reports ( committees1 or 9 fact any?+ b ! "q be=e ! assembly4 #ff4 ,nom9ations & ,elections4 ,be=e proce$+ to an election to fill an (fice x is cu/om>y to nom9ate "o or m c&idates4 ,?is nom9ation is n necess>y :5 ! election is by ballot or roll call1 z ea* memb] may vote = any eligible p]son :e!r nom9at$ or n4 ,:5 ! vote is viva voce or by ris+1 ! nom9ation is l a motion to fill a blank1 ! diff]5t names be+ repeat$ by ! *air z !y are made1 & !n ! vote is tak5 on ea* 9 ! ord] 9 :i* !y 7 nom9at$1 until "o is elect$4 ,! nom9ation ne$ n be second$4 ,sometimes a nom9at+ ballot is tak5 9 ord] to asc]ta9 ! pref]5ces ( ! memb]s4 ,b 9 ! election ( ! (fic]s ( a society x is m usual to h ! nom9ations made by a committee4 ,:5 ! committee makes its report1 :i* consi/s ( a ticket1 ! *air asks if !re are any o!r nom9ations1 :5 !y may be made f ! floor4 ,! committee's nom9ations are treat$ j z if made by memb]s f ! floor1 no vote be+ tak5 on accept+ !m4 ,:5 ! nom9ations are complet$ ! assembly proce$s to ! election1 ! vot+ be+ by any ( ! me?ods m5tion$ "u ,vot+1 #df1 unless ! by-laws prescribe a me?od4 ,! usual me?od 9 p]man5t societies is by ballot1 ! ballot+ be+ cont9u$ until ! (fices are all fill$4 ,an election takes effect imm$iately if ! c&idate is pres5t & does n decl9e1 or if he is abs5t & has cons5t$ to 8 c&idacy4 ,if he is abs5t & has n cons5t$ to 8 c&idacy1 x takes effect :5 he is notifi$ ( 8 election1 provid$ he does n decl9e imm$iately4 ,aft] ! election has tak5 effect & ! (fic] or memb] has le>n$ ! fact1 x is too late to reconsid] ! vote on ! election4 ,an (fic]-elect takes possession ( 8 (fice imm$iately1 unless ! rules specify ! "t4 ,9 mo/ societies x is necess>y t ?is "t be cle>ly designat$4 #fg4 ,con/itutions1 ,by-laws1 ,rules ( ,ord]1 & ,/&+ ,rules4 ,! rules ( a society1 9 a majority ( cases1 may be conv5i5tly divid$ into ^! f\r classes1 ?\gh 9 "s societies all ! rules are f\nd "u "o ( ^! heads1 be+ call$ ei!r ! con/itution1 or ! by-laws1 or ! /&+ rules4 ,su* provisions 9 reg>d to ! con/itution1 etc41 z are ( a tempor>y nature %\ld n be plac$ 9 ! con/itution1 etc41 b %\ld be includ$ 9 ! motion to adopt1 ?us3 8,i move ! adoption ( ! con/itution report$ by ! committee & t ! f\r directors receiv+ ! mo/ votes %all s]ve = ?ree ye>s1 ! f\r receiv+ ! next l>ge/ numb]s %all s]ve = two ye>s1 & ! next f\r = "o ye>1 & t :]e !re is a tie ! classification %all be by lot20 or1 8,i move ! adoption1 etc4 444 & t ,article ,,iii1 %all n g into effect until aft] ! close ( ?is annual meet+40 ,or1 if ! motion to adopt has be5 made1 x may be am5d$ s z to accompli% ! desir$ object4 ,con/itutions4 ,an incorporat$ society frequ5tly has no con/itution1 ! *>t] tak+ its place1 & _m o!rs pref] to comb9e "u "o head ! rules t are m commonly plac$ "u ! sep>ate heads ( con/itution & by-laws4 ,!re is no objection to ?is unless ! by-laws are elaborate1 :5 x is bett] to sep>ate ! mo/ important rules & place !m 9 ! con/itution4 ,! con/itution %\ld conta9 only ! foll[+3 7#a7 ,"n & object ( ! society4 7#b7 ,qualification ( memb]s4 7#c7 ,(fic]s & _! election4 7#d7 ,meet+s ( ! society 7includ+ only :at is ess5tial1 leav+ details to ! by-laws74 7#e7 ,h[ to am5d ! con/itution4 ,^! c be arrang$ 9 five articles1 or1 ! fir/ "o may be divid$ into two1 9 :i* case !re w\ld be six articles4 ,usually "s ( ! articles %\ld be divid$ into sections4 ,no?+ %\ld be plac$ 9 ! con/itution t may be susp5d$1 except 9 ! case ( requir+ elections ( (fic]s to be by ballot1 9 :i* case ! requirem5t may be qualifi$ s z to all[ ! ballot to be disp5s$ ) by a unanim\s vote :5 !re is b "o c&idate = ! (fice4 ,! (fic]s & bo>d ( manag]s or directors ( an organization t meets only annually 9 conv5tion1 & ! *airm5 ( su* committees z x has au?oriz$ & has requir$ to report to ! conv5tion1 %\ld be1 if pres5t at ! conv5tion1 ex-(ficio memb]s !re(1 & provision = ?is %\ld be made 9 ! con/itution4 ,! con/itution %\ld require previ\s notice ( an am5dm5t & also a two-?irds or ?ree-f\r?s vote = its adoption4 ,:]e ! meet+s are frequ5t1 an am5dm5t %\ld n be all[$ to be made except at a qu>t]ly or annual meet+1 aft] hav+ be5 propos$ at ! previ\s qu>t]ly meet+4 ,see ,am5dm5ts to ,con/itutions1 etc41 #fh4 ,by-laws %\ld include all ! rules t are ( su* importance t !y _c be *ang$ 9 any way )\t previ\s notice1 except ^? plac$ 9 ! con/itution & ! rules ( ord]4 ,few societies adopt any special rules ( ord] ( _! own "u t "n1 cont5t+ !mselves ) putt+ a few su* rules 9 _! by-laws & !n adopt+ "s /&>d "w on p>liam5t>y law z _! au?ority4 ,:5 a society is incorporat$ ! *>t] may take ! place ( ! con/itution1 & 9 su* a case ! by-laws w\ld conta9 all ! rules ( ! society1 except ^? 9 ! *>t] t _c be *ang$ )\t previ\s notice4 ,! by-laws %\ld always provide = _! am5dm5t z %[n 9 #fh1 & also = a quorum1 #fd4 ,if x is desir$ to p]mit ! susp5sion ( any by-law x %\ld be specifically provid$ =4 ,by-laws1 except ^? relat+ to bus9ess proc$ure1 _c be susp5d$1 unless !y expressly provide = _! susp5sion4 ,by-laws 9 ! nature ( rules ( ord] may be susp5d$ by a two-?irds vote1 z /at$ 9 #bb4 ,! duties ( ! presid+ & record+ (fic]s ( a delib]ative assembly are def9$ 9 #eh & #ei4 ,b 9 _m societies o!r duties are requir$ ( ! presid5t & ! secret>y1 & ^!1 toge!r ) ! duties ( ! o!r (fic]s1 if any1 %\ld be def9$ 9 ! by-laws4 ,if a society wi%es to provide = honor>y (fic]s or memb]s1 x is well to d s 9 ! by-laws4 ,unless ! by-laws /ate ! contr>y1 ^! positions are simply complim5t>y1 c>ry+ ) !m ! "r to att5d ! meet+s & to speak1 b n to make motions or to vote4 ,honor>y presid5ts & vice presid5ts %\ld sit on ! plat=m1 b !y d n1 by virtue ( _! honor>y (fice1 preside4 ,an honor>y (fice is n /rictly an (fice1 & 9 no way conflicts ) a memb]'s hold+ a real (fice1 or be+ assign$ any duty :atev]1 ! same z if he did n hold ! honor>y (fice4 ,l a college honor>y degree1 x is p]petual1 unless resc9d$4 ,s x is prop]1 :]e desir$1 to include 9 ! publi%$ li/ ( honor>y (fic]s ! names ( all ^u :om ! honor has be5 conf]r$1 ev5 ?\gh deceas$4 ,rules ( ,ord] %\ld conta9 only ! rules relat+ to ! ord]ly transaction ( bus9ess 9 ! meet+s & to ! duties ( ! (fic]s4 ,!re is no reason :y mo/ ( ^! rules %\ld n be ! same = all ord9>y societies1 & !re is a great advantage 9 uni=mity ( proc$ure1 s f> z possible1 9 all societies all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,societies %\ld1 !re=e1 adopt "s g5]ally accept$ rules ( ord]1 or p>liam5t>y manual1 z _! au?ority1 & !n adopt only su* special rules ( ord] z are ne$$ to supplem5t _! p>liam5t>y au?ority4 ,e society1 9 its by-laws or rules ( ord]1 %\ld adopt a rule l ?is3 8,! rules conta9$ 9 specify+ ! "w on p>liam5t>y practice %all gov]n ! society 9 all cases to :i* !y are applicable1 & 9 :i* !y are n inconsi/5t ) ! by-laws or ! special rules ( ord] ( ?is society40 ,)\t su* a rule1 any "o s dispos$ c cause great tr\ble 9 a meet+4 ,/&+ ,rules %\ld conta9 only su* rules z may be adopt$ )\t previ\s notice by a majority vote at any bus9ess meet+4 ,! vote on _! adoption1 or _! am5dm5t1 be=e or aft] adoption1 may be reconsid]$4 ,at any meet+ !y may be susp5d$ by a majority vote1 or !y may be am5d$ or resc9d$ by a two-?irds vote4 ,if notice ( ! propos$ action 0 giv5 at a previ\s meet+ or 9 ! call = ?is meet+1 !y may be am5d$ or resc9d$ by a majority vote4 ,z a majority may susp5d any ( !m = t meet+1 ^! rules d n int]f]e ) ! fre$om ( any meet+ & !re=e require no notice 9 ord] to adopt !m4 ,g5]ally !y are n adopt$ at ! organization ( a society1 b f "t to "t z !y are ne$$4 ,sometimes ! by-laws ( a society are call$ /&+ rules1 b x is bett] to foll[ ! usual classification ( rules z giv5 9 ?is section4 ,! foll[+ is an example ( a /&+ rule3 ,resolv$1 ,t ! meet+s ( ?is society f ,april #a to ,septemb] #cj %all beg9 at #g3cj ,p4,m41 & dur+ ! re/ ( ! ye> at #h ,p4,m4 ,no /&+ rule1 or resolution1 or motion is 9 ord] t conflicts ) ! con/itution1 or by-laws1 or rules ( ord]1 or /&+ rules4 #fh4 ,am5dm5ts ( ,con/itutions1 ,by-laws1 & ,rules ( ,ord]4 ,con/itutions1 by-laws1 & rules ( ord]1 t h be5 adopt$ & conta9 no rule = _! am5dm5t1 may be am5d$ at any regul> bus9ess meet+ by a vote ( ! majority ( ! entire memb]%ip2 or1 if ! am5dm5t 0 submitt$ 9 writ+ at ! previ\s regul> bus9ess meet+1 !n !y may be am5d$ by a two-?irds vote ( ^? vot+1 a quorum be+ pres5t4 ,b ea* society %\ld adopt rules = ! am5dm5t ( its con/itution1 by-laws1 & rules ( ord]1 adapt$ to its own case1 b always requir+ previ\s notice & a two-?irds vote4 ,:]e assemblies meet regul>ly only once a ye>1 ! con/itution1 etc41 %\ld provide = copies ( ! am5dm5t to be s5t ) ! notices to ! memb]s or ! con/itu5cy1 in/ead ( requir+ am5dm5ts to be submitt$ at ! previ\s annual meet+4 ,! requirem5ts %\ld v>y to suit ! ne$s ( ea* assembly1 always provid+ = ample notice to ! memb]s or ! con/itu5cy4 ,9 societies hav+ v frequ5t meet+s1 & also mon?ly or qu>t]ly meet+s m especially devot$ to bus9ess1 x is well to all[ am5dm5ts to ! by-laws1 etc41 to be adopt$ only at ! qu>t]ly or annual meet+s4 ,9 specify+ :5 ! am5dm5t mu/ be submitt$1 8! previ\s regul> meet+0 %\ld be us$ in/ead ( 8a previ\s regul> meet+10 z 9 ! latt] case action on ! am5dm5t might be delay$ indef9itely to suit ! mov]1 & ! object ( giv+ notice be defeat$4 ,9 prescrib+ ! vote necess>y = ! adoption ( an am5dm5t1 ! expression 8a vote ( two-?irds ( ! memb]s0 %\ld nev] be us$ 9 ord9>y societies1 especially 9 l>ge organizations ) quorums small] ?an a majority ( ! memb]%ip1 z 9 su* societies x is seldom t two-?irds ( ! memb]s--t is1 two-?irds ( ! entire memb]%ip--is ev] pres5t at a meet+4 ,if x is desir$ to require a l>g] vote ?an two-?irds 7t is1 two-?irds ( ! votes ca/1 a quorum be+ pres5t71 ! expression 8a vote ( two-?irds ( ! memb]s pres5t10 %\ld be us$4 ,in/ead ( submitt+ ! am5dm5t 9 writ+1 sometimes only notice1 or writt5 notice1 ( an am5dm5t is requir$4 ,unless ! notice is requir$ to be 9 writ+ x may be giv5 orally4 ,9 any case1 only ! purport ( ! am5dm5t is necess>y1 unless ! rule requires t ! am5dm5t itself %all be submitt$4 ,if a committee is appo9t$ to revise ! by-laws & report at a c]ta9 meet+1 ?is w\ld be all ! notice requir$1 & ! am5dm5ts c\ld be imm$iately act$ ^u1 if ! by-laws requir$ only previ\s notice ( an am5dm5t4 ,b if !y requir$ ! am5dm5t1 or 8notice ( su* am5dm5t10 to be submitt$ at ! previ\s regul> meet+1 ! revision c\ld n be tak5 up until ! next regul> meet+ aft] ! committee _h submitt$ its report4 ,! committee may submit a sub/itute = ! by-laws unless x is limit$ z to its report1 z a sub/itute is an am5dm5t4 ,great c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 am5d+ con/itutions1 etc41 to comply ) e rule 9 reg>d to _! am5dm5t4 ,an am5dm5t to ! con/itution1 or any?+ else t has already be5 adopt$1 goes into effect imm$iately ^u its adoption1 unless ! motion to adopt specifies a "t = its go+ into effect1 or ! assembly has previ\sly adopt$ a motion to t effect4 ,:ile ! am5dm5t is p5d+1 a motion may be made to am5d by add+ a proviso simil> to ?is1 8,provid$1 t ?is does n g into effect until aft] ! close ( ?is annual meet+40 ,or1 :ile ! am5dm5t is p5d+1 an incid5tal motion may be adopt$ t 9 case ! am5dm5t is adopt$ x %all n take effect until a specifi$ "t4 ,?is requires only a majority vote4 ,am5d+ a propos$ am5dm5t to ! con/itution1 etc41 may be accompli%$ by a majority vote1 )\t notice1 subject to c]ta9 re/rictions4 ,! assembly is n limit$ to adopt+ or reject+ ! am5dm5t j z x is propos$1 b no am5dm5t is 9 ord] t increases ! modification ( ! rule to be am5d$1 z o!rwise advantage c\ld be tak5 ( ?is by submitt+ a v slight *ange t w\ld n attract att5tion & !n mov+ ! s]i\s modification z an am5dm5t to ! am5dm5t4 ,?us1 if ! by-laws plac$ ! annual dues ( memb]s at #b4jj1 & an am5dm5t is p5d+ to /rike out #b & ins]t #e1 an am5dm5t w\ld be 9 ord] to *ange ! #e to any numb] betwe5 #b & #e2 b an am5dm5t w\ld n be 9 ord] t *ang$ ! #e to any numb] great] ?an #e or less ?an #b4 ,_h notice be5 giv5 t x 0 propos$ to increase ! dues to m ?an #e doll>s1 or to r$uce !m bel[ #b doll>s1 memb]s might h be5 pres5t to oppose ! *ange1 :o did n att5d because !y 7 n oppos$ to an increase z high z #e doll>s4 ,! same pr9ciple applies to an am5dm5t 9 ! nature ( a sub/itute1 ! propos$ sub/itute be+ op5 to am5dm5ts t dim9i% ! *anges1 b n to am5dm5ts t increase ^? t are propos$1 or introduce new *anges4 ,?us1 if an am5dm5t is p5d+1 sub/itut+ a new rule = "o t prescribes ! initiation fee & annual dues1 & ! sub/itute does n *ange ! annual dues1 !n a motion to am5d x s z to *ange ! annual dues w\ld be out ( ord]4 ,! notice mu/ be suffici5tly def9ite to give fair w>n+ to all p>ties int]e/$ z to ! exact po9ts t are to be modifi$4 ,! propos$ am5dm5t is a ma9 motion1 & t is ! only "q be=e ! assembly4 ,x is subject to am5dm5ts ( ! fir/ & second degree1 l o!r ma9 motions1 & no am5dm5t t is n g]mane to x is 9 ord]4 ,a society c am5d its con/itution & by-laws s z to affect ! emolum5ts & duties ( (fic]s already elect$1 or ev5 to d away ) ! (fice altoge!r4 ,if x is desir$ t ! am5dm5t %\ld n affect (fic]s already elect$1 a motion to t effect %\ld be adopt$ be=e vot+ on ! am5dm5t2 or ! motion to am5d c\ld h add$ to x ! proviso t x %\ld n affect (fic]s already elect$4 ,!re is some?+ 9 ! nature ( a contract betwe5 a society & its (fic]s :i* ei!r "o c modify to "s ext5t1 or ev5 t]m9ate1 b x mu/ be done ) reasonable consid]ation = ! o!r p>ty4 ,a secret>y1 = in/ance1 has no "r to refuse to p]=m 8 duties on ! gr\nd t he has h&$ 9 8 resignation4 ,on ! o!r h&1 ! society _c compel him to cont9ue 9 (fice beyond a reasonable "t to all[ = *oos+ 8 successor4 ,c>e %\ld be ex]cis$ 9 word+ ! sections provid+ = am5d+ ! con/itution1 etc41 to avoid su* tautology z 8am5d1 or add to1 or repeal10 or 8alt] or am5d10 or 8am5d or 9 any way *ange40 ,! "o ^w 8am5d0 cov]s any *ange :atev] 9 ! con/itution1 etc41 :e!r x is a ^w or a p>agraph t is add$ or /ruck out1 or replac$ by ano!r ^w or p>agraph1 or :e!r a new con/itution1 etc41 is sub/itut$ = ! old "o4 ,,"p ,,ii4 ,organization1 ,meet+s1 & ,legal ,rights ( ,assemblies4 ,art4 ,,xii4 ,organization & ,meet+s4 #fi4 ,an ,occasional or ,mass ,meet+4 ,,page 7a7 ,organization #bge 7b7 ,adoption ( ,resolutions #bgg 7c7 ,committee to ,draft ,resolutions #bhj 7d7 ,semi-,p]man5t ,mass ,meet+ #bhc #gj4 ,a ,p]man5t ,society4 7a7 ,fir/ ,meet+ #bhd 7b7 ,second ,meet+ #bhf 7c7 ,regul> ,meet+ #bia #ga4 ,meet+ ( a ,conv5tion4 7a7 ,an ,organiz$ ,conv5tion #bib 7b7 ,a ,conv5tion n yet ,organiz$ #bif #fi4 ,an ,occasional or ,mass ,meet+4 7a7 ,organization4 ,be=e call+ a meet+ t is n "o ( an organiz$ society1 ! foll[+ ,prelim9>y ,/eps %\ld be tak53 ,^? :o are responsible = ! call %\ld consult toge!r & agree ^u ! place & "t ( ! meet+1 h[ ! notice %all be giv51 :o %all call ! meet+ to ord] & nom9ate ! *airman1 :o %all be nom9at$ = *airman1 & :o %all expla9 ! object ( ! meet+4 ,x is also good policy sometimes to h a set ( resolutions draft$ 9 advance to submit to ! meet+4 ,x is n cu/om>y to call mass meet+s to ord] promptly at ! appo9t$ "t1 b to wait t5 or fifte5 m9utes1 :5 ! "o *os5 = ! purpose /eps to ! front & says3 8,! meet+ w please come to ord]2 ,i move t ,mr4 ,a act z or ,i nom9ate ,mr4 ,a = *airman ( ?is meet+40 ,"s "o else says1 8,i second ! motion or nom9ation40 ,! fir/ memb] !n puts ! "q to vote1 by say+1 8,x has be5 mov$ & second$ t ,mr4 ,a act z or ,mr4 ,a has be5 nom9at$ = *airman ( ?is meet+2 ^? 9 favor ( ! motion or nom9ation say aye20 & :5 ! affirmative vote is tak51 he says1 8,^? oppos$ say no40 ,if ! majority vote is 9 ! affirmative1 he says1 8,! ayes h x1 & ,mr4 ,a is elect$ *airman4 ,he w please take ! *air40 ,if ! motion is lo/ he ann\nces t fact1 & calls = ! nom9ation ( "s "o else = *airman1 & proce$s ) ! new nom9ation z 9 ! fir/ case4 ,! memb] :o calls ! meet+ to ord]1 in/ead ( mak+ ! motion himself1 may act z tempor>y *airman1 & say1 8,! meet+ w please come to ord]2 w "s "o nom9ate a *airman80 ,he puts ! "q to vote on ! nom9ation z describ$ above1 or z bel[1 9 case ( ! secret>y4 ,?is is dang]\s1 h[ev]1 9 l>ge meet+s1 :]e an incompet5t p]son may be nom9at$ & elect$ *airman4 ,9 l>ge assemblies1 ! memb] :o nom9ates1 ) "o o!r memb]1 frequ5tly conducts ! presid+ (fic] to ! *air1 & ! *airman makes a %ort spee*1 ?ank+ ! assembly = ! honor conf]r$ on him4 ,:5 ! *airman takes ! *air he says1 8,! fir/ bus9ess 9 ord] is ! election ( a secret>y40 ,"s "o !n makes a motion z j describ$1 or he says1 8,i nom9ate ,mr4 ,b10 :5 ! *airman puts ! "q z bel[4 ,sometimes sev]al names are call$ out1 & ! *airman1 z he he>s !m1 says1 8,mr4 ,b is nom9at$2 ,mr4 ,c is nom9at$10 etc42 he !n takes ! vote on ! fir/ "o he he>d1 putt+ ! "q 9 a =m simil> to ?is3 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( ,mr4 ,b = secret>y say aye2 ^? oppos$ say no4 ,! *air is 9 d\bt3 ^? 9 favor ( ,mr4 ,b = secret>y w rise2 ^? oppos$ w rise4 ,! negative has x & ! motion is lo/4 ,z _m z are 9 favor ( ,mr4 ,c = secret>y say aye2 ^? oppos$ say no4 ,! ayes h x1 & ,mr4 ,c is elect$ secret>y4 ,he w please take 8 place at ! desk40 ,if ,mr4 ,c fails ( election ! vote is tak5 on ! next nom9ee1 & s on until "o is elect$4 ,! secret>y %\ld take 8 seat ne> ! *airman1 & keep a record ( ! proce$+s1 z describ$ 9 #ei4 ,! *airman %\ld always /& 9 putt+ ! "q to vote1 & 9 l>ge assemblies x is bett] = him to /& :ile /at+ ! "q4 ,dur+ debate he %\ld be seat$1 & pay att5tion to ! discussion4 ,:5 nom9ations are made x is optional :e!r !y are second$ or n4 ,!y are usually n debat$1 ?\gh sometimes ! "o mak+ ! nom9ation & ! "o second+ x say a few words at ! "t 9 favor ( _! nom9ee4 ,a nom9ation _c be am5d$4 ,if additional (fic]s are desir$1 !y may be elect$ 9 ! same mann] z ! secret>y4 7b7 ,adoption ( ,resolutions4 ,^! two (fic]s are all t are usually necess>y1 s z soon z ! secret>y is elect$1 ! *airman directs ! secret>y to read ! call = ! meet+ & !n calls on ! p]son mo/ famili> ) ! "q to expla9 ! object ( ! meet+ m fully1 or he may d ?is himself4 ,?is explanation %\ld be imm$iately foll[$ by "s "o's (f]+ a s]ies ( resolutions previ\sly prep>$1 or by 8 mov+ ! appo9tm5t ( a committee to prep>e resolutions ^u ! subject4 ,9 ! fir/ case he rises & says1 8,mr4 ,*airman20 ! *airman responds1 8,mr4 ,c40 ,mr4 ,c1 hav+ ?us obta9$ ! floor1 says1 8,i move ! adoption ( ! foll[+ resolutions10 :i* he reads & h&s to ! *airman4 ,"s "o else says1 8,i second ! motion40 ,! *airman !n says1 8,x has be5 mov$ & second$ to adopt ! foll[+ resolutions10 :i* he reads1 or directs ! secret>y to read1 & !n says1 8,! "q is on ! adoption ( ! resolutions40 ,if no "o rises at once1 he asks1 8,are y ready = ! "q80 ,! resolutions are n[ op5 to debate & am5dm5t4 ,!y may be ref]r$ to a committee1 or may h any o!r subsidi>y motion appli$ to !m4 ,:5 ! debate appe>s to be f9i%$1 ! *air aga9 asks1 8,are y ready = ! "q80 ,if no "o !n rises1 he says1 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( ! adoption ( ! resolutions say aye20 aft] ! ayes h vot$1 he says1 8,z _m z are ( a contr>y op9ion or are oppos$ say no20 he !n ann\nces ! result ( ! vote z foll[s3 8,! ayes h x or ! motion is c>ri$ & ! resolutions are adopt$40 ,if ! debate has la/$ any l5g? ( "t1 he %\ld1 be=e tak+ ! vote1 h ! resolutions aga9 read4 ,x is ! practice1 9 legislative bodies1 to s5d to ! cl]k's desk all resolutions1 bills1 etc41 ! title ( ! bill & ! "n ( ! memb] introduc+ x be+ indors$ on ea*4 ,9 su* bodies1 h[ev]1 !re are sev]al cl]ks & only "o *airman4 ,9 mo/ assemblies !re is b "o cl]k or secret>y1 & z he has to keep ! m9utes1 !re is no reason = 8 be+ con/antly int]rupt$ to read e resolution (f]$4 ,9 su* assemblies1 unless !re is a rule or e/abli%$ cu/om to ! contr>y1 x is usually mu* bett] to h& all resolutions1 reports1 etc41 directly to ! *airman4 ,if !y 7 read by ! memb] introduc+ !m1 & no "o calls = ano!r read+1 ! *airman may omit read+ !m :5 he ?9ks !y are fully und]/ood4 ,= ! mann] ( read+ & /at+ ! "q :5 ! resolution conta9s sev]al p>agraphs1 see #bd4 ,divid+ ,resolutions4 ,if ! committee reports sev]al indep5d5t resolutions relat+ to diff]5t subjects1 ! *air mu/ /ate ! "q sep>ately on ! resolution1 or resolutions1 relat+ to ea* subject1 on ! reque/ ( a s+le memb]4 ,if ! resolutions relate to a s+le subject & yet ea* "o is capable ( /&+ alone if all ! re/ are reject$1 !y may be divid$ by a majority vote on a motion to divide ! "q1 z expla9$ 9 #bd4 ,if ! resolutions are s connect$ t !y _c /& alone1 !n ! prop] way to secure a sep>ate vote on any objectionable resolution is to move to /rike x out4 ,:5 ! *air /ates ! "q on /rik+ x out1 ! resolution is op5 to am5dm5ts ( ! second degree1 s z to p]fect x1 be=e ! vote is tak5 on /rik+ x out4 ,see page #adj4 ,am5d+ a ,resolution4 ,if x is desir$ to am5d a p5d+ resolution1 t is1 a resolution t ! *air has /at$ z be=e ! assembly = action1 a memb] rises & obta9s ! floor z already describ$1 & (f]s1 or moves1 8 am5dm5t1 ?us3 8,i move to ins]t ! words #8) asphalt' aft] ! ^w #8pav$4'0 ,if ! motion is n at once second$1 ! *air asks if ! motion is second$4 ,9 a l>ge assembly he %\ld repeat ! motion be=e mak+ ?is inquiry1 z memb]s :o w\ld be will+ to second ! motion may n h he>d x4 ,9 fact1 ! *air mu/ usually assume t "s memb]s d n he> :at is said f ! floor1 & !re=e t he mu/ always repeat motions & ! result ( votes4 ,! motion be+ second$1 ! *air /ates ! "q ?us3 8,x is mov$ & second$ to am5d ! resolution by ins]t+ ! words #8) asphalt' aft] ! ^w #8pav$4' ,are y ready = ! "q80 ,! "q is n[ op5 to debate & am5dm5t1 :i* mu/ be conf9$1 h[ev]1 to ! am5dm5t1 z x has sup]s$$ ! resolution & has become :at is t]m$ ! imm$iately p5d+ "q4 ,if no "o rises to claim ! floor1 ! *air puts ! "q ?us3 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( ! am5dm5t or motion say aye2 ^? oppos$ say no4 ,! ayes h x1 & ! am5dm5t is adopt$4 ,! "q is n[ on ! resolution z am5d$1 :i* is z foll[s repeat ! am5d$ resolution4 ,are y ready = ! "q80 ,! resolution is aga9 op5 to debate & am5dm5t1 z x has aga9 become ! imm$iately p5d+ "q4 ,:5 ! *air ?9ks ! debate end$1 he asks1 8,are y ready = ! "q80 ,if no "o rises to claim ! floor1 he puts ! "q on ! resolution1 ?us3 8,! "q is on adopt+ ! foll[+ resolution3 #8,resolv$1 ,t 44444444 ,^? 9 favor ( ! motion or1 ( adopt+ ! resolution say aye2 ^? oppos$ say no4 ,! ayes h x1 & ! resolution is adopt$4'0 7c7 ,committee to ,draft ,resolutions4 ,if x is pref]r$ to appo9t a committee to draft resolutions1 a memb]1 aft] he has address$ ! *air & has be5 recogniz$1 says3 8,i move t a committee ( five be appo9t$ by ! *air to draft resolutions expressive ( ! s5se ( ?is meet+ on10 etc41 add+ ! subject = :i* ! meet+ 0 call$4 ,! motion be+ second$1 ! *airman /ates ! "q ?us3 8,x has be5 mov$ & second$ t a committee ( five be appo9t$ by ! *air to draft resolutions1 etc4 repeat ! motion4 ,are y ready = ! "q80 ,if no "o rises he may put ! "q ?us3 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( ! motion say aye2 ^? oppos$ say no4 ,! ayes h x & ! motion is adopt$40 ,or1 x maybe put ?us3 8,! "q is1 #8,%all a committee ( five be appo9t$ by ! *air to draft resolutions1 etc4 repeat+ ! motion8' ,z _m z are ( ! affirmative w raise _! "r h&s4 ,z _m z are ( ! negative w signify x 9 ! same way4 ,! affirmative has x & ! motion is adopt$4 ,! *air w appo9t ,messrs4 ,a1 ,b1 ,c1 ,d1 & ,e z ! committee on resolutions4 ,! committee w )draw & prep>e ! resolutions z quickly z possible4 ,:at is ! fur!r pleasure ( ! meet+80 ,9 a mass meet+1 or 9 any v l>ge assembly1 x is saf] to h all committees appo9t$ by ! *air4 ,if ! assembly1 h[ev]1 pref]s a diff]5t me?od1 ! proc$ure is z describ$ 9 #cb2 or ! foll[+ me?od may be adopt$3 ,a memb] moves1 8,t a committee be appo9t$ to draft resolutions10 etc4 ,?is motion be+ adopt$1 ! *air asks3 8,( h[ _m %all ! committee consi/80 ,if only "o numb] is sugge/$1 he ann\nces t ! committee w consi/ ( t numb]2 if sev]al numb]s are sugge/$1 he /ates ! diff]5t ones1 & !n takes a vote on ea*1 beg9n+ ) ! l>ge/1 until "o numb] is select$4 ,he !n inquires3 8,h[ %all ! committee be appo9t$80 ,?is is usually decid$ )\t ! =mality ( a vote4 ,! committee may be 8appo9t$0 by ! *air1 9 :i* case ! *airman names ! committee1 & no vote is tak52 or ! committee may be 8nom9at$0 by ! *air1 or by memb]s ( ! assembly 7no memb] nam+ m ?an "o1 except by unanim\s cons5t71 & !n ! assembly votes on _! appo9tm5t4 ,:5 ! *airman nom9ates1 aft] /at+ ! names1 he puts "o "q on ! entire committee1 ?us3 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( ^! g5tlem5 con/itut+ ! committee say aye10 etc4 ,if nom9ations are made by memb]s ( ! assembly1 & m names are m5tion$ ?an ! numb] ( ! committee1 a sep>ate vote mu/ be tak5 on ea* "n1 9 ! ord] ( nom9ation1 until ! committee is fill$4 ,:5 ! committee is appo9t$1 x %\ld at once retire & agree ^u a report1 :i* %\ld be writt5 out z describ$ 9 #eb4 ,dur+ its abs5ce o!r bus9ess may be att5d$ to1 or ! "t may be occupi$ ) he>+ addresses4 ,if ! *airman sees ! committee return to ! room1 he %\ld ann\nce1 z soon z ! p5d+ bus9ess is dispos$ (1 or ! memb] speak+ closes1 t ! assembly w n[ he> ! report ( ! committee on resolutions3 or1 be=e ?is ann\ncem5t he may ask if ! committee is prep>$ to report4 ,if ! *airman does n notice ! return ( ! committee1 its *airman avails himself ( ! fir/ opportunity to obta9 ! floor1 :5 he says3 8,! committee appo9t$ to draft resolutions is prep>$ to report40 ,! *airman tells him t ! assembly w n[ he> ! report1 :i* is !n read by ! *airman ( ! committee1 :o imm$iately moves its adoption1 & !n h&s x to ! presid+ (fic]1 ^u :i* ! committee is dissolv$ )\t any action ( ! assembly4 ,! *airman !n proce$s z /at$ above :5 ! resolutions 7 (f]$ by a memb]4 ,if x is n desir$ imm$iately to adopt ! resolutions1 !y may be debat$1 modifi$1 _! consid]ation po/pon$1 etc41 z expla9$ 9 #aj4 ,:5 ?r\gh ) ! bus9ess = :i* ! assembly 0 conv5$1 or :5 f any o!r cause x is desir$ to close ! meet+1 "s "o moves 8to adj\rn40 ,if no "t has be5 appo9t$ = ano!r meet+1 ?is motion may be am5d$ & debat$ z any o!r ma9 motion4 ,if ! motion is c>ri$1 & no o!r "t = meet+ has be5 appo9t$1 ! *airman1 9 case ! ayes & noes are ne>ly equal1 says3 8,! ayes seem to h x1 ! ayes h x1 ! motion is adopt$1 & we /& adj\rn$ )\t day 7s9e die740 ,if ! vote is ov]:elm+ly 9 ! affirmative1 ! expression1 8,! ayes seem to h x10 %\ld be omitt$4 ,if a "t = an adj\rn$ meet+ has be5 appo9t$1 ! *air decl>es ! assembly 8adj\rn$ to #h o'clock next ,w$nesday ev5+10 or :atev] is ! appo9t$ "t4 ,be=e decl>+ ! adj\rnm5t1 or ev5 tak+ a vote on adj\rn+1 ! *air %\ld satisfy himself t all requir$ notices are giv54 7d7 ,semi-,p]man5t ,mass ,meet+s4 ,sometimes x is desirable to cont9ue ! mass meet+s until a c]ta9 object is accompli%$1 & 9 su* case ! assembly may pref] to make a tempor>y organization at fir/1 & !n make _! semi-p]man5t organization ) m delib]ation4 ,if s1 ! assembly w\ld be organiz$ z j describ$1 only add+ 8pro tem40 to ! title ( ! (fic]s1 ?us1 8*airman pro tem40 ,! 8pro tem40 is nev] us$ 9 address+ ! (fic]s4 ,z soon z ! secret>y pro tem4 is elect$1 a committee is usually appo9t$ to nom9ate ! semi-p]man5t (fic]s1 z 9 ! case ( a conv5tion4 ,a committee on rules %\ld also be appo9t$1 :i* %\ld recomm5d a few rules provid+ = ! "t & place = hold+ ! meet+s1 = "s au?ority on p>liam5t>y law1 & = ! numb] & l5g? ( spee*es all[$1 if two spee*es n to exce$ t5 m9utes ea* is n satisfactory4 ,frequ5tly ! presid+ (fic] is call$ ! ,presid5t1 & sometimes !re is a l>ge numb] ( ,vice ,presid5ts appo9t$ = m]ely complim5t>y purposes4 ,! ,vice ,presid5ts 9 l>ge =mal meet+s sit on ! plat=m beside ! ,presid5t1 & 9 8 abs5ce1 or :5 he vacates ! *air1 ! fir/ on ! li/ t is pres5t %\ld take ! *air4 #gj4 ,a ,p]man5t ,society4 7a7 ,fir/ ,meet+4 ,:5 x is desir$ to =m a p]man5t society1 ^? int]e/$ 9 x %\ld consult toge!r & c>efully lay _! plans be=e call+ a meet+ to organize ! society4 ,!y %\ld also be c>eful 9 call+ ! meet+ to see to x t !re is a majority 9 sympa?y ) _! plans4 ,by neglect ( ?is1 & giv+ a newspap] invitation to all int]e/$ 9 ! object to att5d ! meet+1 ^? :o orig9at$ ! "w h f\nd !mselves 9 ! m9ority & n 9 sympa?y ) ! con/itution :i* 0 adopt$1 s t !y did n c>e to jo9 ! society aft] x 0 organiz$4 ,hav+ tak5 all ! prelim9>y /eps1 !n1 z describ$ 9 case ( a mass meet+ page #bge1 !y invite ^? :o !y h reason to ?9k are 9 sympa?y ) _! g5]al plans to meet at a c]ta9 "t & place to consid] ! "q ( organiz+ a society = a c]ta9 purpose4 ,z "o ( _! prelim9>y /eps !y %\ld procure copies ( ! con/itutions & by-laws ( sev]al simil> societies = ! use ( ! committee 9 draft+ _! own4 ,x is n usual 9 meet+s call$ to organize a society1 or 9 mass meet+s1 to comm5ce until t5 or fifte5 m9utes aft] ! appo9t$ "t1 :5 ! p]son previ\sly select$ = ! purpose /eps =w>d & says3 8,! meet+ w please come to ord]2 ,i move t ,mr4 ,a act z *airman ( ?is meet+40 ,"s "o 8seconds ! motion10 :5 ! "o :o made ! motion puts x to vote 7or1 z x is call$1 8puts ! "q071 z already describ$ "u a 8mass meet+0 #fi2 &1 z 9 t case1 :5 ! *airman is elect$ he takes ! *air & ann\nces1 z ! fir/ bus9ess 9 ord]1 ! election ( a secret>y4 ,aft] ! secret>y is elect$1 ! *airman calls on ! memb] :o is mo/ int]e/$ 9 =m+ ! society to /ate ! object ( ! meet+4 ,:5 ?is memb] rises he says1 8,mr4 ,*airman40 ,! *airman !n ann\nces 8 "n1 :5 ! memb] proce$s to /ate ! object ( ! meet+4 ,hav+ f9i%$ 8 rem>ks1 ! *airman may call on o!r memb]s to give _! op9ions on ! subject1 & sometimes a p>ticul> speak] is call$ out by memb]s :o wi% to he> him4 ,! *airman %\ld obs]ve ! wi%es ( ! assembly1 &1 :ile be+ c>eful n to be too /rict1 he mu/ n p]mit any "o to occupy too mu* "t & we>y ! assembly4 ,:5 a suffici5t "t has be5 sp5t 9 ?is in=mal way1 "s "o %\ld (f] a resolution1 s t def9ite action c be tak54 ,^? int]e/$ 9 arrang+ = ! meet+1 if x is to be a l>ge "o1 %\ld h previ\sly agre$ ^u :at is to be done1 & be prep>$1 at ! prop] "t1 to (f] a suitable resolution1 :i* may be 9 =m simil> to ?is3 8,resolv$1 ,t x is ! s5se ( ?is meet+ t a society = 7/ate ! object ( ! society7 %\ld n[ be =m$ 9 ?is city40 ,?is resolution1 :5 second$ & /at$ by ! *air1 is op5 to debate & am5dm5t1 & is treat$ z already describ$ #fi4 ,?is prelim9>y motion c\ld h be5 (f]$ at ! comm5cem5t ( ! meet+1 & if ! meet+ is a v l>ge "o ?is is g5]ally bett] ?an to h ! in=mal discussion4 ,aft] ?is prelim9>y motion has be5 vot$ on1 or ev5 )\t wait+ = su* a motion to be made1 "o l ?is may be (f]$3 8,i move t a committee ( five be appo9t$ by ! *air to draft a con/itution & by-laws = a society = 7"h /ate ! object71 & t x report at an adj\rn$ meet+ ( ?is assembly40 ,?is motion c be am5d$ by /rik+ out & add+ words1 etc41 & x is debatable4 ,:5 ?is committee is appo9t$1 ! *airman may inquire3 8,is !re any o!r bus9ess to be att5d$ to80 or1 8,:at is ! fur!r pleasure ( ! assembly or club1 or conv5tion1 etc480 ,:5 all bus9ess is f9i%$1 a motion may be made to adj\rn to meet at a c]ta9 place & "t1 :i*1 :5 second$ & /at$ by ! *air1 is op5 to debate & am5dm5t4 ,x is usually bett] to fix ! "t ( ! next meet+ at an e>li] /age ( ! meet+2 & !n1 :5 x is desir$ to close ! meet+1 move simply 8to adj\rn10 :i* _c be am5d$ or debat$4 ,:5 ?is motion is c>ri$1 ! *airman says1 8,?is meet+ /&s adj\rn$ to meet at10 etc41 specify+ ! "t & place ( ! next meet+4 7b7 ,second ,meet+4 ,at ! next meet+ ! (fic]s ( ! previ\s meet+1 if pres5t1 s]ve until ! p]man5t (fic]s are elect$4 ,:5 ! h\r arrives = ! meet+1 ! *airman1 /&+1 says1 8,! meet+ w please come to ord]20 z soon z ! assembly is seat$1 he says1 8,! secret>y w read ! m9utes ( ! la/ meet+10 & !n takes 8 seat4 ,if any "o notices an error 9 ! m9utes1 he %\ld /ate ! fact z soon z ! secret>y f9i%es read+ !m2 if !re is no objection1 )\t wait+ = a motion1 ! *airman directs ! secret>y to make ! correction4 ,! *airman !n says1 8,!re be+ no fur!r corrections1 ! m9utes /& approv$ z read or z correct$40 ,! *air !n ann\nces1 z ! next bus9ess 9 ord]1 ! he>+ ( ! report ( ! committee on ! con/itution & by-laws4 ,! *airman ( ! committee1 aft] address+ 8,mr4 ,*airman0 & be+ recogniz$1 says some?+ l ?is3 8,! committee appo9t$ to draft a con/itution & by-laws has agre$ ^u ! foll[+1 & has direct$ me to report ! same & move _! adoption40 ,he !n reads !m1 moves _! adoption1 & h&s !m to ! *air4 ,! motion be+ second$1 ! *air says3 8,x has be5 mov$ & second$ to adopt ! con/itution & by-laws report$ by ! committee4 ,! "q is on ! adoption ( ! con/itution1 :i* w n[ be read40 ,! con/itution is !n read f ! plat=m by ! secret>y1 or by ! *airman ( ! committee1 z ! *air directs4 ,?is read+ may be disp5s$ ) by g5]al cons5t1 z x has already be5 read4 ,he !n reads1 or has read1 ! fir/ p>agraph1 & asks if !re are any am5dm5ts propos$ to ?is p>agraph4 ,:5 ?r\gh ) am5d+ x he says1 8,!re be+ no fur!r am5dm5ts to ?is p>agraph1 ! next w be read40 ,no vote %\ld be tak5 on adopt+ ! sep>ate p>agraphs4 ,he ?us proce$s ?r\gh ! entire con/itution1 & !n says ! :ole con/itution is n[ op5 to am5dm5t4 ,?is is ! "t to ins]t additional p>agraphs1 or make any am5dm5ts to ! e>li] p>agraphs r5d]$ necess>y by *anges made 9 ! lat] ones4 ,:5 ! *airman ?9ks ! con/itution has be5 modifi$ to suit ! wi%es ( ! assembly1 he inquires3 8,are y ready = ! "q80 ,if no "o wi%es to speak1 he puts ! "q3 8,z _m z are 9 favor ( adopt+ ! con/itution z am5d$ say aye20 & !n1 8,z _m z are oppos$ say no40 ,he di/9ctly ann\nces ! result ( ! vote4 ,?is %\ld nev] be omitt$4 ,only a majority vote is requir$ to adopt a con/itution ( a new society1 or to am5d x be=e x is adopt$4 ,! *airman n[ /ates t ! con/itution hav+ be5 adopt$1 x w be necess>y = ^? wi%+ to become memb]s to sign x 7& pay ! initiation fee1 if requir$ by ! con/itution71 &1 if ! assembly is a l>ge "o1 sugge/s t a recess be tak5 = ! purpose4 ,a motion is !n made to take a recess =1 say1 t5 m9utes1 or until ! con/itution is sign$4 ,! con/itution be+ sign$1 no "o is p]mitt$ to vote except+ ^? :o h sign$ x1 & ?us h jo9$ ! society4 ,:ile ! paym5t ( ! initiation fee is /rictly a pr]equisite to ! "r to vote1 x %\ld be waiv$ at ?is meet+ ) ^? :o are unprep>$ to make ! paym5t4 ,! recess hav+ expir$1 ! *airman calls ! meet+ to ord]1 & says1 8,! secret>y w read ! roll ( memb]s40 ,?is is necess>y 9 ord] t all may "k :o are entitl$ to take "p 9 ! future proce$+s4 ,aft] ! roll has be5 read1 ! *air says1 8,! "q be=e ! assembly is on ! adoption ( ! by-laws report$ by ! committee4 ,! secret>y w please read !m40 ,he !n proce$s exactly z 9 ! case ( ! con/itution4 ,! motion to adopt ! con/itution & by-laws report$ by ! committee hav+ be5 made :5 ! committee made its report1 no fur!r motion is necess>y4 ,:5 ! by-laws are adopt$1 ! *air says1 8,! next bus9ess 9 ord] is ! election ( ! p]man5t (fic]s ( ! society40 ,! by-laws %\ld prescribe ! me?od ( nom9ation & election ( ! (fic]s1 & !y %\ld be /rictly compli$ )4 ,if ! by-laws d n prescribe ! me?od ( nom9ation1 ! *air asks1 8,h[ %all ! (fic]s be nom9at$80 ,"s "o may at once move t a committee be appo9t$ by ! *air to nom9ate ! p]man5t (fic]s ( ! society4 ,?is motion be+ adopt$1 ! *air appo9ts ! committee1 :i* retires & agrees ^u a ticket4 ,dur+ ! abs5ce ( ! committee ! assembly may transact any bus9ess x pleases1 or x may take a recess4 ,:5 ! committee returns to ! hall1 z soon z p5d+ bus9ess is dispos$ (1 ! *air calls on ! *airman ( ! committee = ! report4 ,! *airman ( ! committee reads ! li/ ( nom9ations1 & h&s x to ! *air4 ,! *air reads ! li/1 & !n asks1 8,are !re any fur!r nom9ations80 ,any memb] may n[ rise &1 aft] address+ ! *air1 nom9ate any "o else = any (fice1 or he may nom9ate "o p]son = ea* (fice1 ?us propos+ a new ticket4 ,! *air ann\nces ! nom9ations z made1 & :5 he ?9ks t no m names w be propos$1 he asks1 8,are !re any m nom9ations80 ,if !re is no response1 & if ! by-laws prescribe t ! election %all be by ballot1 z !y usually %\ld1 he appo9ts tell]s & directs !m to di/ribute blank ballots1 ^u :i* ea* memb] writes ! "n ( ea* (fice & ! p]son = :om he votes to fill t (fice4 ,:5 ! ballots are fill$-out1 ! *air directs ! tell]s to collect ! ballots1 :i* !y d1 9 any conv5i5t receptacle4 ,! *air !n inquires if all h vot$ :o wi% to1 s z to be sure t ! tell]s h n miss$ any memb]s4 ,:5 all h vot$ t wi%1 he ann\nces t 8! polls are clos$10 & ! tell]s c\nt ! ballots1 & ! fir/ "o appo9t$ reports ! vote1 z describ$ on page #aif1 "u ,vot+ by ,ballot4 ,! *air !n ann\nces z elect$ all ! c&idates :o receiv$ a majority vote1 & ! tempor>y (fic]s are imm$iately replac$ by ! p]man5t ones elect$4 ,if ! presid5t is elect$ on ?is fir/ ballot he imm$iately takes ! *air4 ,9 case any ( ! (fices rema9 unfill$1 ! *air imm$iately ord]s ! tell]s to di/ribute blank ballots1 & directs ! assembly to prep>e ballots = ^! (fices4 ,ballot+ is cont9u$ until all ! (fices are fill$4 ,! vot+ is n limit$ to ! nom9ees1 z e memb] is at lib]ty to vote = any memb] :o is n decl>$ ineligible by ! by-laws4 ,aft] ! (fices are fill$1 if !re is bus9ess t ! *air kn[s requires imm$iate att5tion1 he %\ld m5tion x4 ,committees %\ld probably be appo9t$ = v>i\s purposes1 z describ$ 9 ! by-laws1 & ! place ( meet+ %\ld be det]m9$4 ,x is possible t an adj\rn$ meet+ may be necess>y 9 ord] to complete ! organization be=e beg9n+ ! regul> "w ( ! society4 ,:5 ! "w is complet$1 or :5 an adj\rn$ meet+ has be5 provid$ =1 & ! lat5ess ( ! h\r requires an adj\rnm5t1 "s "o %\ld move to adj\rn4 ,if ! motion is c>ri$1 ! *air ann\nces ! vote & decl>es ! assembly adj\rn$4 ,if !re c be any "q z to :]e & :5 ! next meet+ is to be held1 he %\ld m5tion ! place & "t1 ?\gh ?is is n necess>y aft]w>ds :5 ! place & "t are regul>ly e/abli%$ & kn[n4 ,if ! society is "o t expects to own real e/ate1 x %\ld be incorporat$ accord+ to ! laws ( ! /ate 9 :i* x is situat$1 & = ?is purpose "s memb] ( ! committee on ! con/itution %\ld consult a lawy] be=e ?is second meet+1 s t ! con/itution may con=m to ! laws ( ! /ate4 ,9 ?is case ! tru/ees1 or manag]s1 or directors1 are usually in/ruct$ to take ! prop] measures to h ! society incorporat$4 7c7 ,regul> ,meet+s ( a ,society4 ,aft] a society is prop]ly organiz$1 its regul> bus9ess meet+s are conduct$ z foll[s3 ,:5 ! h\r fix$ = ! meet+ to beg9 arrives1 ! presid+ (fic] takes ! *air & calls ! meet+ to ord] & directs ! secret>y to read ! m9utes ( ! la/ meet+4 ,:5 !y are read1 he asks1 8,are !re any corrections to ! m9utes80 ,if none are sugge/$1 he adds1 8,!re be+ none1 ! m9utes /& approv$ z read40 ,if any corrections are sugge/$1 ! secret>y makes !m1 unless !re is opposition4 ,if !re is diff]5ce ( op9ion1 "s "o moves to am5d ! m9utes1 or ! *air1 )\t wait+ = a motion1 may put ! "q on ! am5dm5t t has be5 sugge/$4 ,:5 ?is has be5 settl$1 ! *air asks1 8,are !re any fur!r corrections 7or am5dm5ts7 to ! m9utes80 ,if !re is no response1 he adds1 8,!re be+ none1 ! m9utes /& approv$ z correct$40 ,he !n ann\nces ! next bus9ess 9 ord]1 foll[+ ! ord] ( bus9ess prescrib$ by ! rules ( ! society4 ,if ! ord] ( bus9ess is ! same z giv5 9 #fe1 z soon z ! m9utes are read & approv$1 ! *air says1 8,! next bus9ess 9 ord] is he>+ ! reports ( ! /&+ committees40 ,he may !n call ^u ea* committee 9 its ord] = a report1 ?us3 8,has ! committee on applications = memb]%ip any report to make80 ,9 ?is case ! committee may report z %[n above1 or "s memb] ( x reply t x has no report to make4 ,or1 :5 ! *airman kn[s t !re are b few1 if any1 reports to be made1 x is bett]1 aft] mak+ ! ann\ncem5t ( ! bus9ess1 = him to ask1 8,h ^! committees any reports to make80 ,aft] a %ort pause1 if no "o rises to report1 he /ates1 8,!re be+ no reports f ! /&+ committees1 ! next bus9ess 9 ord] is he>+ ! reports ( special committees10 :5 he w act ! same z 9 ! case ( ! /&+ committees4 ,! *airman %\ld always h a li/ ( ! committees1 to enable him to call ^u !m1 z well z to guide him 9 ! appo9tm5t ( new committees4 ,hav+ att5d$ to ! reports ( committees1 ! *air ann\nces ! next bus9ess 9 ord]1 & s on until ! bus9ess ( ! meet+ has be5 dispos$ (1 :5 "s "o moves to adj\rn4 ,if ?is motion is c>ri$1 ! *air ann\nces ! vote & decl>es ! assembly adj\rn$4 ,! meet+s ( diff]5t societies v>y greatly1 & !y %\ld be manag$ diff]5tly 9 ord] to obta9 ! be/ results4 ,"s societies require a /rict en=cem5t ( p>liam5t>y rules1 :ile ) o!rs ! be/ results w be obta9$ by be+ in=mal4 ,x is important t ! presid+ (fic] h tact & common s5se1 especially ) a v intellig5t assembly4 #ga4 ,meet+ ( a ,conv5tion or ,assembly ( ,delegates4 7a7 ,an ,organiz$ ,conv5tion4 ,if a conv5tion is an organiz$ body 7t is1 if :5 conv5$ x has a con/itution & by-laws & (fic]s71 a committee on cr$5tials1 or regi/ration1 & "o on program1 %\ld h be5 appo9t$ previ\s to ! meet+4 ,^! committees may h be5 appo9t$ at ! previ\s conv5tion1 or by ! executive bo>d1 or by ! presid5t1 z prescrib$ by ! by-laws4 ,! committee on cr$5tials1 or regi/ration1 %\ld be on h& some:at be=e ! "t ( ! meet+1 9 "s cases ! day be=e1 s z to be prep>$ to submit its report imm$iately aft] ! op5+ addresses4 ,x %\ld furni% ea* delegate1 :5 he regi/]s1 ) a badge or c>d z evid5ce ( 8 be+ a delegate & hav+ ! "r ( admission to ! hall4 ,! committee on program %\ld 9 mo/ cases h ! programs pr9t$ 9 advance4 ,9 _m cases x is bett] t ! con/itu5t bodies be furni%$ 9 advance ) copies ( ! program4 ,?is %\ld always be done :5 !re is difficulty 9 gett+ full delegations to att5d4 ,9 addition to ^! two committees !re are a numb] ( local committees usually appo9t$ by ! local society1 z on ent]ta9m5t1 etc4 ,"o ( ! g5]al (fic]s usually p]=ms ! duty ( a committee on transportation1 to obta9 r$uctions 9 railroad f>es1 etc4 ,:5 ! h\r appo9t$ = ! meet+ arrives1 ! presid5t1 z ! p]man5t presid+ (fic] ( a conv5tion is usually call$1 /&s at ! desk1 &1 /rik+ x ) ! gavel to attract att5tion1 says1 8,! conv5tion w come to ord]40 ,9 l>ge conv5tions !re is usually mu* confusion & noise at ! op5+1 & x requires self-control1 firmness1 & tact on ! "p ( ! presid+ (fic] to pres]ve prop] ord] s t all memb]s may he> & be he>d4 ,x is a mi/ake = ! *airman to try to /op ! noise by p\nd+ ) ! gavel & talk+ s l\d z to be he>d 9 spite ( conv]sation on ! floor4 ,x is bett] = him to set ! example ( be+ quiet1 & to /op all bus9ess :ile ! noise is su* t memb]s _c he>4 ,memb]s %\ld be requir$ to be seat$ & to refra9 f talk+ except :5 address+ ! *air4 ,:5 ! conv5tion has come to ord] x is cu/om>y to h "s op5+ ex]cises1 ! nature ( :i* dep5ds ^u ! "* ( ! conv5tion4 ,9 ! majority ( cases ! conv5tion is op5$ ) pray]1 an address ( welcome1 & a response4 ,! program1 h[ev]1 is ! presid5t's guide z to ! ord] ( bus9ess1 ev5 ?\gh x has n yet be5 adopt$ by ! conv5tion4 ,x %\ld provide = he>+ ! report ( ! cr$5tial committee z soon z ! op5+ ex]cises are conclud$1 s t x may be kn[n :o are entitl$ to vote4 ,?is committee's report usually consi/s m]ely ( a li/ ( ! delegates & _! alt]nates1 if any1 ^: cr$5tials h be5 f\nd correct1 & ( ! ex-(ficio memb]s ( ! conv5tion1 no "o be+ on ! li/1 h[ev]1 :o has n regi/]$ z pres5t4 ,! con/itution %\ld always provide t su* z are pres5t ( ! (fic]s ( ! conv5tion1 ! memb]s ( ! ,bo>d ( ,manag]s1 & ! *airm5 ( ! committees t are requir$ to report at ! conv5tion1 %all be ex-(ficio memb]s ( ! conv5tion4 ,:5 ?is report ( ! cr$5tial committee is pres5t$ x is read ei!r by ! *airman ( ! committee or by ! read+ secret>y1 or (ficial read]1 if !re is "o4 ,9 all cases1 x1 & all o!r reports1 %\ld be read f ! plat=m4 ,:5 ! *airman ( a committee _c read s z to be he>d1 ! report %\ld be read by a read+ secret>y1 or (ficial read]1 :o %\ld be appo9t$ 9 e l>ge conv5tion1 solely = ! purpose ( read+ resolutions1 reports1 etc4 ,if !re is a case ( conte/ betwe5 two sets ( delegates & !re is s]i\s d\bt z to :i* is entitl$ to recognition1 ! committee %\ld omit bo? f ! li/ & report ! fact ( ! conte/4 ,if ! committee1 h[ev]1 ?9ks ! conte/ n ju/ifi$1 x %\ld ignore x & ent] on ! li/ ! names ( ! legitimate delegates4 ,a motion %\ld be made to accept or adopt ! report1 :i*1 aft] x is /at$ by ! *air1 is op5 to debate & am5dm5t4 ,no "o c vote ^: "n is n on ! li/ ( delegates report$ by ! committee4 ,^u ! motion to sub/itute "o delegation = ano!r1 nei!r "o c vote4 ,s ^u a motion to /rike out ! names ( a delegation ^: seats are conte/$ !y _c vote4 ,b ^u ! ma9 motion to accept ! report1 all p]sons ^: names are on ! li/ ( memb]s z report$ by ! committee & am5d$ by ! conv5tion are entitl$ to vote1 & !y alone4 ,:5 ?is report has be5 adopt$1 ! presid5t %\ld imm$iately call ^u ! program committee = a report4 ,! *airman ( t committee submits ! pr9t$ program & moves1 or "s "o else moves1 its adoption4 ,?is is op5 to debate & am5dm5t1 & :5 once adopt$ by a majority vote c n be deviat$ f except by a two-?irds vote ( ^? vot+1 or by a majority vote ( ! enroll$ memb]%ip4 ,! memb]%ip ( ! conv5tion & ! program hav+ be5 decid$1 ! conv5tion is ready = its bus9ess z laid d[n 9 ! program4 ,! two committees1 ?\gh !y h made _! reports1 are cont9u$ ?r\gh ! session1 z supplem5t>y reports may be requir$ f !m4 ,additional delegates may arrive1 & speak]s on ! program may be sick or unable to be pres5t1 or = o!r reasons a *ange 9 ! program may be necess>y4 ,^! two committees %\ld be all[$ at any "t to make additional reports4 ,! bus9ess is conduct$ z describ$ 9 ! prec$+ section1 b1 ( c\rse1 ! program mu/ be foll[$4 ,bo>ds & /&+ committees & ! treasur] are always requir$ to submit annual reports1 & sometimes reports are requir$ f v>i\s o!r (fic]s4 ,g5]ally (fic]s & ! bo>d ( manag]s1 etc41 are elect$ annually2 b "s con/itutions make ! t]m ( (fice two ye>s1 & "s provide1 9 addition1 t only ab\t half ! (fic]s %all be elect$ at any "o annual meet+4 ,9 mo/ organizations x is bett] to h ! t]m ( (fice beg9 at ! close ( ! conv5tion1 s t ! same (fic]s w s]ve ?r\gh\t ! meet+s4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ! fir/ meet+ ea* day ! m9utes ( ! prec$+ day are read & approv$4 ,at ! close ( ! conv5tion1 if !re is n "t to read ! m9utes ( ! la/ day1 a motion %\ld be adopt$ au?oriz+ ! bo>d1 or "s committee1 to approve ! m9utes ( t day4 ,z ! proce$+s ( a conv5tion are usually publi%$1 a publi%+ committee %\ld be appo9t$1 :i* %\ld h ! p[] to edit ! proce$+s4 ,:5 ?r\gh ) its bus9ess ! conv5tion adj\rns s9e die4 7b7 ,a ,conv5tion n yet ,organiz$4 ,su* a conv5tion is simil> to a mass meet+1 already describ$ 9 #fi1 9 t :5 call$ to ord] x has no con/itution1 by-laws1 or (fic]s4 ,x has ! add$ difficulty ( det]m9+ :o are entitl$ to vote4 ,9 ! mass meet+ e "o may vote1 b 9 ! conv5tion none b prop]ly appo9t$ delegates may vote1 & sometimes ?is is a v difficult "q to det]m9e ju/ly4 ,! conv5tion mu/ h be5 call$ by "s committee1 or body ( m51 :o %\ld h secur$ ! hall & made ! prelim9>y arrangem5ts = ! meet+4 ,if ! conv5tion is a v l>ge "o1 s t x is necess>y to res]ve ! ma9 floor ( ! hall = ! delegates1 ! committee %\ld all[ only ^? to ent] :o h prima facie evid5ce ( _! "r to memb]%ip1 & 9 conte/$ cases bo? sides %\ld be admitt$4 ,! *airman ( ! committee %\ld call ! conv5tion to ord]1 & ei!r he or "s "o ! committee has select$ = ! purpose %\ld nom9ate a tempor>y *airman & a tempor>y secret>y4 ,next %\ld come ! appo9tm5t ( a committee on cr$5tials1 ^: duty x is to exam9e all cr$5tials & report a li/ ( all ! delegates :o are entitl$ to seats 9 ! conv5tion4 ,:5 alt]nates h be5 appo9t$ !y %\ld be report$ also4 ,:ile ! committee on cr$5tials is out1 committees may be appo9t$ on nom9ations ( (fic]s1 on rules1 & on ord] ( bus9ess or program4 ,9 a l>ge conv5tion ( ?is k9d all committees %\ld be appo9t$ by ! *air1 & no "o ^: "r to a seat is que/ion$ %\ld be plac$ on a committee until ! conv5tion has act$ favorably on 8 case4 ,until ! committee on cr$5tials has report$1 no bus9ess c be done except to au?orize ! *air to appo9t ! above m5tion$ committees4 ,:ile wait+ = ! committee on cr$5tials to report1 ! "t is usually sp5t 9 li/5+ to spee*es4 ,:5 ! committee reports1 ! proc$ure is ! same z j describ$ 9 an organiz$ conv5tion4 ,:5 t report has be5 adopt$1 ! conv5tion proce$s to its p]man5t organization1 act+ ^u ! reports ( ! o!r ?ree committees previ\sly appo9t$1 tak+ !m 9 su* ord] z ! conv5tion pleases4 ,:5 ^! reports h be5 act$ ^u1 ! conv5tion is organiz$1 ) memb]s1 (fic]s1 rules1 & program1 & its bus9ess is transact$ z 9 o!r organiz$ delib]ative assemblies4 ,if ! conv5tion adopts rules only = ! session1 ! committee on rules ne$ recomm5d only a few rules z to ! h\rs = beg9n+ ! meet+s1 ! l5g? ( ! spee*es1 etc41 & a rule adopt+ "s /&>d rules ( ord]1 :]e n 9 conflict ) its o!r rules4 ,if x is n int5d$ to make a p]man5t organization1 ! organization j describ$ is all t is necess>y4 ,if ! conv5tion is call$ to make a p]man5t organization1 ! committee on nom9ations is n appo9t$ until aft] ! by-laws are adopt$1 & ! committee on rules %\ld report a con/itution & by-laws z 9 ! case ( a p]man5t society #gj4 ,! committee 9 su* case is m usually call$ ! committee on con/itution & by-laws4 ,:5 a conv5tion ( ?is k9d is compos$ ( delegates away f _! homes x is practically impossible to h !m assemble m frequ5tly ?an once a ye>1 &1 !re=e1 be=e ! conv5tion meets1 a con/itution & by-laws %\ld be c>efully draft$ by ^? int]e/$ 9 call+ ! conv5tion4 ,^? :o drew up ! by-laws %\ld be appo9t$ on ! committee1 9 ord] to avoid delay 9 report+ !m4 ,aft] ! committee has report$ a con/itution & by-laws ! proc$ure is ! same z already describ$ 9 ! previ\s section 9 case ( act+ on a con/itution & by-laws = a p]man5t society page #bhg4 ,:5 ! by-laws are adopt$1 ! (fic]s are elect$ & committees are appo9t$ z prescrib$ by ! by-laws1 & ! conv5tion is prep>$ = its "w z already describ$4 ,art4 ,,xiii4 ,legal ,rights ( ,assemblies & ,trial ( ,_! ,memb]s4 #gb4 ,"r ( an ,assembly to ,puni% its ,memb]s #bii #gc4 ,"r ( an ,assembly to ,eject any "o f its ,place ( ,meet+ #bii #gd4 ,rights ( ,ecclesia/ical ,tribunals #cjj #ge4 ,trial ( ,memb]s ( ,societies #cjb #gb4 ,! ,"r ( a ,delib]ative ,assembly to ,puni% its ,memb]s4 ,a delib]ative assembly has ! inh]5t "r to make & en=ce its own laws & puni% an (f5d]1 ! extreme p5alty1 h[ev]1 be+ expulsion f its own body4 ,:5 expell$1 if ! assembly is a p]man5t society1 x has ! "r1 = its own protection1 to give public notice t ! p]son has ceas$ to be a memb] ( t society4 ,b x has no "r to g beyond :at is necess>y = self-protection & publi% ! *>ges aga9/ ! memb]4 ,9 a case :]e a memb] ( a society 0 expell$1 & an (fic] ( ! society publi%$1 by its ord]1 a /atem5t ( ! grave *>ges ^u :i* he _h be5 f\nd guilty1 ! expell$ memb] recov]$ damages f ! (fic] 9 a suit = libel1 ! c\rt hold+ t ! tru? ( ! *>ges did n affect ! case4 #gc4 ,"r ( an ,assembly to ,eject any "o f its ,place ( ,meet+4 ,e delib]ative assembly has ! "r to decide :o may be pres5t dur+ its session2 & :5 ! assembly1 ei!r by a rule or by a vote1 decides t a c]ta9 p]son %all n rema9 9 ! room1 x is ! duty ( ! *airman to en=ce ! rule ( ord]1 us+ :atev] =ce is necess>y to eject ! p>ty4 ,! *airman c detail memb]s to remove ! p]son1 )\t call+ ^u ! police4 ,if1 h[ev]1 9 en=c+ ! ord]1 any "o uses h>%] measures ?an is necess>y to remove ! p]son1 ! c\rts h held t he1 & he alone1 is liable = damages1 j ! same z a policeman w\ld be "u simil> circum/ances4 ,h[ev] badly ! man may be abus$ :ile be+ remov$ f ! room1 nei!r ! *airman nor ! society is liable = damages1 z1 9 ord]+ 8 removal1 !y did n exce$ _! legal rights4 #gd4 ,rights ( ,ecclesia/ical ,tribunals4 ,_m ( our delib]ative assemblies are ecclesia/ical bodies1 & x is important to "k h[ mu* respect w be paid to _! decisions by ! civil c\rts4 ,a *ur* became divid$1 & ea* p>ty claim$ to be ! *ur*1 & !re=e entitl$ to ! *ur* prop]ty4 ,! case 0 tak5 into ! civil c\rts1 & f9ally1 on appeal1 to ! ,u4 ,s4 ,supreme ,c\rt1 :i*1 aft] hold+ ! case "u advisem5t = a ye>1 su/a9$ ! decision ( ! ,u4 ,s4 ,circuit ,c\rt4 ,! ,supreme ,c\rt1 9 r5d]+ its decision1 laid d[n ! broad pr9ciple t :5 a local *ur* is b a "p ( a l>ge & m g5]al organization or d5om9ation1 ! c\rt w accept z f9al ! decision ( ! highe/ ecclesia/ical tribunal to :i* ! case has be5 c>ri$ )9 t g5]al *ur* organization1 on all que/ions ( discipl9e1 fai?1 or ecclesia/ical rule1 cu/om1 or law1 & w n inquire into ! ju/ice or inju/ice ( its decree z betwe5 ! p>ties be=e x4 ,! (fic]s1 ! m9i/]s1 ! memb]s1 or ! *ur* body :i* ! highe/ judici>y ( ! d5om9ation recognizes1 ! c\rt w recognize4 ,:om t body expels or cuts (f1 ! c\rt w hold to be no long] memb]s ( t *ur*4 ,! c\rt laid d[n ! foll[+ pr9ciples3#de 8,:]e a *ur* is ( a /rictly congregational or indep5d5t organization1 & ! prop]ty held by x has no tru/ atta*$ to x1 its "r to ! use ( ! prop]ty mu/ be det]m9$ by ! ord9>y pr9ciples :i* gov]n ord9>y associations4 8,:]e ! local congregation is itself a memb] ( a mu* l>g] & m important religi\s organization & is "u its gov]nm5t & control & is b\nd by its ord]s & judgm5ts1 its decisions are f9al & b9d+ on legal tribunals4 8,c\rts hav+ no ecclesia/ical jurisdiction1 _c revise or "q ord9>y acts ( *ur* discipl9e2 _! only judicial p[] arises f ! conflict+ claims ( ! p>ties to ! *ur* prop]ty & ! use ( x40 #de ,watson vs4 ,jones1 #ac ,wallace ,u4 ,s4 ,supreme ,c\rt ,reports1 p4 #fgi4 ,?is case 0 decid$ ,april #ae1 #ahgb4 ,b :ile ! civil c\rts h no ecclesia/ical jurisdiction1 & _c revise or "q ord9>y acts ( *ur* discipl9e1 !y d h jurisdiction :]e !re are conflict+ claims to *ur* prop]ty4 ,an indep5d5t *ur* by an almo/ unanim\s vote decid$ to unite ) ano!r indep5d5t *ur*4 ,a v small m9ority1 less ?an t5 p] c5t1 did n wi% to unite ) ! o!r *ur*1 s !y 7 vot$ lett]s ( dismission to any o!r *ur* ( l fai? & ord]1 aga9/ _! prote/4 ,! majority !n direct$ ! tru/ees to transf] _! prop]ty to ! o!r *ur* & vot$ !mselves a lett] ( dismission to unite ) t *ur*4 ,! *ur* !n vot$ to disb&4 ,! majority pres5t$ _! lett]s & 7 receiv$ into ! o!r *ur*4 ,! m9ority w\ld n use _! lett]s1 b took ! matt] into ! c\rts1 :i*1 ( c\rse1 decid$ t !y 7 ! *ur* & own$ ! prop]ty4 ,accord+ to ! practice ( *ur*es ( ! same d5om9ation1 no memb] c be =c$ out ( ! *ur* unless = neglect ( 8 duties z a memb]4 ,lett]s ( dismission are grant$ only on ! reque/ ( memb]s1 & z a g5]al rule ! memb]%ip does n t]m9ate until ! lett] has be5 us$4 ,! *ur* c\ld n t]m9ate ! memb]%ip ( ! m9ority1 aga9/ :om !re 7 no *>ges1 by vot+ !m lett]s )\t _! cons5t4 ,by n us+ _! lett]s !y soon con/itut$ ! entire memb]%ip & resc9d$ ! ord] to ! tru/ees to transf] ! prop]ty to ! o!r *ur*4 ,by ! ha/y1 ill-advis$ action ( almo/ ! entire *ur* ! majority lo/ _! prop]ty4 ,9 cases :]e prop]ty is involv$1 *ur*es _c be too c>eful1 & x is usually be/ to act "u legal advice4 #ge4 ,trial ( ,memb]s ( ,societies4 ,e delib]ative assembly1 hav+ ! "r to purify its own body1 mu/ !re=e h ! "r to inve/igate ! "* ( its memb]s4 ,x c require any ( !m to te/ify 9 ! case1 "u pa9 ( expulsion if !y refuse4 ,:5 ! *>ge is aga9/ ! memb]'s "*1 x is usually ref]r$ to a committee ( inve/igation or discipl9e1 or to "s /&+ committee1 to report ^u4 ,"s societies h /&+ committees ^: duty x is to report cases = discipl9e :5ev] any are kn[n to !m4 ,9 ei!r case1 ! committee inve/igates ! matt] & reports to ! society4 ,?is report ne$ n g into details1 b %\ld conta9 its recomm5dations z to :at action ! society %\ld take1 & %\ld usually close ) resolutions cov]+ ! case1 s t !re is no ne$ = any "o to (f] any additional resolutions ^u x4 ,! ord9>y resolutions1 :]e ! memb] is recomm5d$ to be expell$1 are 7#a7 to fix ! "t to :i* ! society %all adj\rn2 & 7#b7 to in/ruct ! cl]k to cite ! memb] to appe> be=e ! society at ?is adj\rn$ meet+ to %[ cause :y he %\ld n be expell$1 ^u ! foll[+ *>ges :i* %\ld !n be giv54 ,aft] *>ges are pref]r$ aga9/ a memb]1 & ! assembly has ord]$ t he be cit$ to appe> = trial1 he is !oretically "u arre/1 & is depriv$ ( all ! rights ( memb]%ip until 8 case is dispos$ (4 ,)\t 8 cons5t no memb] %\ld be tri$ at ! same meet+ at :i* ! *>ges are pref]r$1 except+ :5 ! *>ges relate to some?+ done at t meet+4 ,! cl]k %\ld s5d ! accus$ a writt5 notice to appe> be=e ! society at ! "t appo9t$1 & %\ld at ! same "t furni% him ) a copy ( ! *>ges4 ,a failure to obey ! summons is g5]ally cause en\gh = summ>y expulsion4 ,at ! appo9t$ meet+ :at may be call$ ! trial takes place4 ,frequ5tly ! only evid5ce requir$ aga9/ ! memb] is ! report ( ! committee4 ,aft] x has be5 read & any additional evid5ce (f]$ t ! committee may see fit to introduce1 ! accus$ %\ld be all[$ to make an explanation & introduce witnesses1 if he s desires4 ,ei!r p>ty %\ld be all[$ to cross-exam9e ! o!r's witnesses & introduce rebutt+ te/imony4 ,:5 ! evid5ce is all 91 ! accus$ %\ld retire f ! room1 & ! society delib]ate ^u ! "q1 & f9ally act by a vote ^u ! "q ( expulsion1 or o!r puni%m5t propos$4 ,no memb] %\ld be expell$ by less ?an a two-?irds#df vote1 a quorum vot+4 ,! vote %\ld be by ballot1 except by g5]al cons5t4 ,! memb]s ( ! committee pref]r+ ! *>ges vote ! same z o!r memb]s4 #df ,! ,u4 ,s4 ,con/itution ,art4 ,i1 ,sec4 #e provides t ea* ,h\se ( ,congress may1 8) ! concurr5ce ( two-?irds1 expel a memb]40 ,9 act+ ^u ! case1 x mu/ be borne 9 m9d t !re is a va/ di/9ction betwe5 ! evid5ce necess>y to convict 9 a civil c\rt & t requir$ to convict 9 an ord9>y society or ecclesia/ical body4 ,a notori\s pickpocket c\ld n ev5 be arre/$1 mu* less convict$ by a civil c\rt1 simply on ! gr\nd ( be+ commonly kn[n z a pickpocket2 :ile su* evid5ce w\ld convict & expel him f any ord9>y society4 ,! moral conviction ( ! tru? ( ! *>ge is all t is necess>y 9 an ecclesia/ical or o!r delib]ative body to f9d ! accus$ guilty ( ! *>ges4 ,if ! trial is liable to be long & tr\blesome1 or ( a v delicate nature1 ! memb] is frequ5tly cit$ to appe> be=e a committee1 in/ead ( ! society1 = trial4 ,9 ?is case ! committee reports to ! society ! result ( its trial ( ! case1 ) resolutions cov]+ ! puni%m5t :i* x recomm5ds ! society to adopt4 ,:5 ! committee's report is read1 ! accus$ %\ld be p]mitt$ to make 8 /atem5t ( ! case1 ! committee be+ all[$ to reply4 ,! accus$ !n retires f ! room1 & ! society acts ^u ! resolutions submitt$ by ! committee4 ,! memb]s ( ! committee %\ld vote ^u ! case ! same z o!r memb]s4 ,if ! accus$ wi%es c\nsel at 8 trial1 x is usual to all[ x1 provid$ ! c\nsel is a memb] ( ! society 9 good /&+4 ,%\ld ! c\nsel be guilty ( improp] conduct dur+ ! trial1 ! society c refuse to he> him1 & c also puni% him4 ,,plan ,,= ,,/udy ,,( ,,p>liam5t>y ,,law ,,introduction4 ,^! ,lesson ,outl9es are design$ to assi/ clubs & individual /ud5ts :o wi% to /udy ,rob]t's ,rules ( ,ord] ,revis$4 ,! ,manual is n arrang$ prim>ily ) a view to /udy1 b = ! special object ( provid+ a set ( rules = adoption by city c\ncils1 corporations1 lit]>y societies1 clubs1 assemblies1 & occasional meet+s4 ,9 /udy+ x ! pref]able way is to le>n ! few elem5t>y ?+s t "o mu/ "k 9 ord] to take ! slighte/ "p 9 a delib]ative meet+ & !n to le>n h[ ) ease to use ?is ,manual to f9d ! correct rul+ or decision on any po9t t may arise4 ,:5 "o has accompli%$ ?is1 :i* is cov]$ by ! fir/ f\r lessons outl9$ bel[1 he is prep>$ to /udy 9 detail any portion ( ! ,manual1 & 9 any ord] t may suit him4 ,9 ^! ,lesson ,outl9es ! f\r introductory lessons are foll[$ by ! all-important subject ( ,am5dm5ts1 to :i* an entire lesson is giv54 ,?is lesson %\ld be ?or\ghly ma/]$1 z ! subject ( am5dm5ts is probably equal 9 difficulty & importance to all ! re/ ( p>liam5t>y law4 ,aft] ,am5dm5ts1 ! ord] ( ! subjects 9 ! ,manual is foll[$ 9 ! ,lesson ,outl9es ) ! foll[+ exceptions3 ,incid5tal ,motions are n tak5 up until all ! o!r motions are dispos$ (2 ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day are treat$ 9 connection ) ! motions to ,po/pone ,def9itely & ,indef9itely1 because !y are s intimately connect$1 ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day be+ made by po/pon+ to a c]ta9 "t or by adopt+ a program2 ! subject ( ,committees is treat$ 9 connection ) ! motion to ,commit2 & to ,take f ! ,table is treat$ 9 connection ) to ,lay on ! ,table4 ,! ,rules ( ,ord] is ess5tially a "w ( ref]5ce1 & ! /ud5t %\ld keep ?is 9 view4 ,he %\ld aim at le>n+ h[ to f9d a rul+ quickly1 r ?an at rememb]+ ! rul+4 ,on ?is acc\nt ea* /ud5t %\ld always h 8 copy ( ! book ) him at e meet+ & famili>ize himself ) its use4 ,effici5cy1 h[ev]1 z a p>liam5t>ian is acquir$ only by practice4 8,book k0 is valuable j z ) games & a?letics1 b j z no am\nt ( !oretical k )\t practice w enable a man to excel 9 play+ *ess or 9 swimm+1 s no am\nt ( !oretical k ( p>liam5t>y law )\t practice w make a man a good practical p>liam5t>ian4 ,if ! /ud5t has ! advantage ( be+ a memb] ( a class1 ! tea*] w1 d\btless1 use p>liam5t>y drills4 ,if he has no tea*] he %\ld /udy ! ,manual z laid d[n 9 ! ,lesson ,outl9es1 & try to int]e/ o!rs to jo9 him 9 =m+ a practice club4 ,?is practice club %\ld hold frequ5t meet+s1 ?us giv+ an opportunity = putt+ into practice :at has be5 le>n$4 ,! (fic]s %\ld be con/antly *ang$ s z to give diff]5t memb]s ! opportunity to preside4 ,^! practice meet+s %\ld beg9 at lea/ z soon z ! /ud5ts h le>n$ :at is cov]$ by ! fir/ f\r lessons z outl9$ fur!r on4 ,at ! beg9n+ ( ea* meet+ x w\ld be pr(itable to call = criticisms ( ! previ\s meet+4 ,?is w\ld enc\rage ! memb]s aft] ea* meet+ to inve/igate all d\btful po9ts t h aris51 & w\ld call att5tion to mi/akes t o!rwise w\ld be ov]look$4 ,x w be ( great assi/ance to !m if dur+ ! meet+s !y h on ! walls ( _! room ! ?ree ,*>ts h]eaft] describ$4 ,:at has j be5 said 9 ref]5ce to ! importance ( practice meet+s or drills 9 p>liam5t>y law applies equally to clubs or societies1 z only a few ( ! simple/ rules are usually call$ = 9 an ord9>y meet+4 ,:5 ! club _c h a suitable tea*] x c c>ry on ! "w by elect+ a memb] to take *>ge ( ! p>liam5t>y drills4 ,?is lead] %\ld /udy ! c\rse s z to be able to take ! place ( a tea*]4 ,x w probably be be/ 9 all cases to foll[ ! ord] ( ! fir/ f\r lessons1 & p]haps ! fif? also4 ,b :]e ! "t = ! meet+ is %ort x may be advisable to increase ! numb] ( lessons4 ,aft] ! fif? lesson circum/ances may make x advisable to select only a few out ( ! rema9+ lessons & omit ! o!rs1 or to divide "s ( ! lessons4 ,! outl9es z giv5 w s]ve z a basis = a s*eme ( lessons adapt$ to ! special conditions 9 ea* case4 ,all ?r\gh ! c\rse !re %\ld con/antly be drills ) op5 books1 to enable ! /ud5ts to acquire facility 9 ref]r+ to a desir$ po9t1 s9ce1 z previ\sly /at$1 ?is ,manual is a "w ( ref]5ce4 #dg,?ree *>ts1 av]ag+ #cd by #db in*es1 h be5 prep>$ & pr9t$ on clo? 9 l>ge1 heavy-face type t c be read at a di/ance ( ?irty feet4 ,if display$ dur+ e bus9ess meet+1 !y w\ld conduce greatly to ! ord]ly transaction ( bus9ess4 ,!y are a necessity = ! tea*] ( p>liam5t>y law1 & %\ld be on ! wall at e practice meet+ or drill :e!r !re is a tea*] or n4 ,!y enable ea* memb] )\t ref]r+ to 8 book to see in/antly :5 a motion is made :e!r x is 9 ord]1 :e!r x c be am5d$ or debat$1 :e!r x op5s ! ma9 "q to debate1 :e!r x requires a two-?irds vote1 & :at o!r motions may be made :ile x is p5d+4 ,besides giv+ ! ord] ( prec$5ce ( privileg$ & subsidi>y motions1 !y %[ ! incid5tal motions1 ! unclassifi$ motions m5tion$ on page #eh1 & :at motions to use to accompli% c]ta9 objects1 z giv5 on page #dd4 #dg ,= in=mation reg>d+ ^! ,*>ts1 address ,mrs4 ,william ,&]son1 #baa ,ea/]n ,av5ue4 ,pittsburgh1 ,pa4 ,,lesson ,,outl9es ,i4 ,organiz+ & ,conduct+ ,bus9ess 9 ,mass ,meet+s & ,p]man5t ,societies4 ,organization1 pp4 #bge-bgg4 ,(f]+1 ,am5d+1 & ,adopt+ ,resolutions1 pp4 #bgg-bhj4 ,committee on ,resolutions1 pp4 #bhj-bhc4 ,p]man5t ,society1 #a/ ,meet+1 pp4 #bhd-bhf4 ,p]man5t ,society1 #b;d ,meet+1 pp4 #bhf-bia4 ,p]man5t ,society1 ,regul> ,meet+1 pp4 #bia1 #bib4 ,obta9+ ! ,floor1 etc41 pp4 #be-bh4 ,prep>+1 ,mak+1 & ,second+ ,motions & ,resolutions1 pp4 #cc-ch4 ,,ii4 ,debate1 ,/at+ & ,putt+ ,que/ions1 & ,:at ,motions to ,use to ,accompli% ,c]ta9 ,objects4 ,/at+ ! ,"q1 p4 #ch4 ,debate1 pp4 #ch1 #ci4 ,second>y ,motions1 p4 #dj4 ,putt+ ! ,"q & ,ann\nc+ ! ,vote1 pp4 #dj-dc4 ,:at ,motions to ,use to ,accompli% ,c]ta9 ,objects1 pp4 #dc-ea4 ,! =m ( mak+ ea* ( ^! motions %\ld be expla9$ by ! lead] or tea*]4 ,,iii4 ,h[ to ,f9d if a ,motion is 9 ,ord]1 if x c be ,debat$1 ,am5d$1 or ,reconsid]$1 & if x ,requires a ,second1 or a ,vote1 etc4 ,ord] ( ,prec$5ce ( ,motions1 p4 #e4 ,table ( ,rules ,relat+ to ,motions1 pp4 #f-ab4 ,! ord] ( ,prec$5ce ( ,motions1 p4 #e1 %\ld be memoriz$1 & ! /ud5t %\ld be able by ref]5ce to ! ,table ( ,rules to f9d quickly ! rul+ on any ( ! #cjj que/ions decid$ by x4 ,,iv4 ,def9itions1 & ,h[ to ,f9d ,rul+s 9 ! ,manual4 ,plan ( ! ,manual1 pp4 #bj-bb4 ,def9itions1 pp4 #bb-bd4 ,plan ( ! ,index1 p4 #cac4 ,practice 9 ! ,use ( ! ,entire ,manual = f9d+ ,rul+s or ,decisions4 ,v4 ,am5dm5ts4 ,am5d1 pp4 #acd-aeb4 ,ins]t+ or add+1 /rik+ out1 & /rik+ out & ins]t+ words1 pp4 #acg-adj4 ,am5dm5ts affect+ an entire p>agraph1 pp4 #adj-adc4 ,improp] ,am5dm5ts1 pp4 #adc-adf4 ,motions t _c be ,am5d$1 pp4 #adf1 #adg4 ,am5d+ ,m9utes1 p4 #adh4 ,fill+ ,blanks1 pp4 #adh-aeb4 ,,vi4 ,classification ( ,motions & ,mo/ ( ! ,privileg$ ,ones4 ,ma9 ,motions1 pp4 #ea-ed4 ,subsidi>y ,motions1 pp4 #ed-ef4 ,incid5tal ,motions1 pp4 #ef1 #eg4 ,privileg$ ,motions1 pp4 #eg1 #eh4 ,c]ta9 ,o!r ,motions1 p4 #eh4 ,fix ! ,"t to :i* to ,adj\rn1 pp4 #ei1 #fj4 ,adj\rn1 pp4 #fj-fd4 ,take a ,recess1 pp4 #fd-ff4 ,que/ions ( ,privilege1 pp4 #ff-fh4 ,,vii4 ,ord]s ( ! ,day1 & ,def9ite & ,indef9ite ,po/ponem5t4 ,po/pone ,indef9itely1 pp4 #aeb1 #aec4 ,po/pone ,def9itely or to a ,c]ta9 ,"t1 pp4 #aba-abe4 ,call = ! ,ord]s ( ! ,day1 pp4 #fh-ga4 ,g5]al & ,special ,ord]s1 pp4 #ga-gg4 ,,viii4 ,lay+ ,aside a ,"q ,tempor>ily1 ,resum+ its ,consid]ation1 & ,clos+ & ,limit+ ,debate4 ,lay on ! ,table1 pp4 #ajd-aaa4 ,take f ! ,table1 pp4 #aed-aef4 ,previ\s ,"q1 pp4 #aaa-aah4 ,limit or ,ext5d ,limits ( ,debate1 pp4 #aah-abj4 ,,ix4 ,! ,motion to ,commit1 & ,committees4 ,commit1 pp4 #abe-acd4 ,special & ,/&+ ,committees1 pp4 #baa-bbj4 ,=m ( _! ,reports1 pp4 #bae1 #baf4 ,=m ( ,m9ority ,report1 p4 #baf4 ,x4 ,committees 7,conclud$74 ,reception ( ,committees' ,reports1 pp4 #bbj-bbc4 ,adoption ( ,committees' ,reports1 pp4 #bbc-bbi4 ,committee ( ! ,:ole1 pp4 #bbi-bcc4 ,z if 9 ,committee ( ! ,:ole1 pp4 #bcc1 #bcd4 ,in=mal ,consid]ation1 pp4 #bcd1 #bce4 ,committees ,classifi$1 pp4 #bjf1 #bjg4 ,bo>ds ( ,manag]s1 etc41 & ,executive ,committees1 pp4 #bjg-baj4 ,ex-,(ficio ,memb]s ( ,bo>ds & ,committees1 p4 #baj4 ,,xi4 ,reconsid]+ & ,resc9d+ a ,vote4 ,reconsid]1 pp4 #aef-afe4 ,reconsid] & ,ent] on ! ,m9utes1 pp4 #afe-afh4 ,resc9d1 pp4 #afi1 #agj4 ,,xii4 ,"s ,miscellane\s & ,incid5tal ,motions4 ,r5ew1 pp4 #aga-agc4 ,ratify1 pp4 #agc1 #agd4 ,dilatory & ,absurd ,motions1 pp4 #agd1 #age4 ,incid5tal ,motions1 pp4 #ef1 #eg4 ,que/ions ( ,ord]1 pp4 #gh-ha4 ,appeal1 pp4 #ha-hc4 ,susp5sion ( ! ,rules1 pp4 #hc-hg4 ,,xiii4 ,incid5tal ,motions 7,conclud$74 ,objection to ! ,consid]ation ( a ,"q1 pp4 #hg-hi4 ,division ( a ,"q1 pp4 #hi-ib4 ,consid]ation by ,p>agraph or ,s]iatim1 pp4 #ib-ie4 ,division ( ! ,assembly & ,o!r ,motions relat+ to ,vot+ & ! ,polls1 pp4 #ie1 #if4 ,motions relat+ to ,me?ods ( ,mak+ & to ,clos+ & to ,reop5+ ,nom9ations1 pp4 #if1 #ig4 ,p>liam5t>y ,inquiry1 pp4 #ih1 #ii4 ,reque/ = ,in=mation1 pp4 #ii1 #ajj4 ,to ,)draw or ,modify a ,motion1 pp4 #ajj1 #aja4 ,to ,read ,pap]s1 pp4 #aja1 #ajb4 ,to be ,excus$ f a ,duty1 pp4 #ajb-ajd4 ,reque/ = any o!r ,privilege1 p4 #ajd4 ,,xiv4 ,debate4 ,debate1 pp4 #ci & #agh-ahj4 ,decorum 9 ,debate1 pp4 #ahj-ahb4 ,clos+ & ,prev5t+ ,debate1 pp4 #ahb-ahd4 ,pr9ciples ( ,debate1 pp4 #ahd-ahg4 ,motions t ,op5 ! ,ma9 ,"q to ,debate1 p4 #ahg4 ,undebatable ,motions1 p4 #ahg4 ,,xv4 ,vot+4 ,vot+1 pp4 #ahh-bja4 ,ann\nc+ ! ,vote1 pp4 #aij1 #aia4 ,vot+ by ,ballot1 pp4 #aic-aif4 ,vot+ by ,yeas & ,nays1 pp4 #aig1 #aih4 ,g5]al ,cons5t1 pp4 #aih1 #aii4 ,vot+ by ,mail1 pp4 #aii1 #bjj4 ,vot+ by ,proxy1 pp4 #bjj1 #bja4 ,votes t are ,null & ,void ev5 if ,unanim\s1 pp4 #bja1 #bjb4 ,motions requir+ ,m ?an a ,majority ,vote1 pp4 #bjb-bjf4 ,,xvi4 ,! ,(fic]s & ! ,m9utes4 ,*airman or ,presid5t1 pp4 #bcf-bdd4 ,h9ts to ,inexp]i5c$ ,*airm51 pp4 #bdb-bdd4 ,secret>y or ,cl]k1 pp4 #bdd-bdg4 ,correspond+ ,secret>y1 p4 #bdf4 ,! ,m9utes1 pp4 #bdg-bej4 ,executive ,secret>y1 pp4 #bej1 #bea4 ,treasur]1 pp4 #bea-bec4 ,,xvii4 ,nom9ations & ,elections1 & ,miscellane\s4 ,session1 pp4 #bec-beg4 ,meet+1 pp4 #bec-bee4 ,quorum1 pp4 #beg-bfa4 ,ord] ( ,bus9ess1 pp4 #bfa-bfc4 ,nom9ations & ,elections1 pp4 #bfc1 #bfd4 ,z ! (fic]s are usually elect$ by ballot t me?od ( vot+ 7pages #aic-aif7 %\ld be review$ 9 connection ) ?is lesson4 ,! incid5tal motions relat+ to ! me?ods ( mak+ nom9ations & tak+ ! vote & ( clos+ & reop5+ nom9ations & ! polls 7pages #ie-ig7 %\ld also be review$ 9 connection ) ?is lesson4 ,,xviii4 ,rules ( an ,assembly & _! ,am5dm5ts4 ,con/itutions1 pp4 #bfd-bff4 ,by-laws1 pp4 #bff1 #bfg4 ,rules ( ,ord]1 pp4 #bfg1 #bfh4 ,/&+ ,rules & _! ,am5dm5t1 pp4 #bfh1 #bfi4 ,am5dm5t ( ,con/itutions1 etc41 pp4 #bfi-bgc4 ,am5d+ a ,propos$ ,am5dm5t to ! ,con/itution1 etc41 p4 #bgb4 ,review ,use ( ,tables on pages #e-aj1 & ,index4 ,,index ,! figures ref] usually to ! page :]e ! treatm5t ( ! subject beg9s4 ,! arrangem5t ( ! "w c be mo/ easily se5 by exam9+ ! ,table ( ,cont5ts 7pp4 #a-d72 its plan is expla9$ 9 ! ,introduction 7p4 #bj74 ,if x is desir$ to f9d ! prop] motion to use to accompli% a c]ta9 object1 turn to page #dd4 ,on pages #e-aj w be f\nd a l>ge am\nt ( in=mation ab\t all ! motions 9 common use1 :i* %\ld be c>efully /udi$ s t :5 ! facts are ne$$ !y c be quickly f\nd4 ,on ^? pages w be f\nd1 among o!r ?+s1 ! circum/ances "u :i* any ( ! common motions may be made2 ! motions t are 9 ord] :ile a specifi$ motion is p5d+2 & :e!r a specifi$ motion may be debat$1 am5d$1 or reconsid]$1 & :e!r x requires a two-?irds vote1 etc4 ,9 ! ,index "u ! title1 8,motions1 ,li/ (10 w be f\nd a complete li/ ( motions4 ,to f9d ! details ref] to ! p>ticul> motion 9 ! ,index4 ,x is be/ always to ref] to g5]al subjects fir/1 z "u !m w usually be f\nd all ! details4 ,look "u ,adj\rn1 ,committee1 ,debate1 ,=ms1 ,vote1 etc41 = illu/rations4 ,accept1 ,adopt1 or ,agree to1 #bbc ,adj\rn1 motion to1 #fj :5 n privileg$1 #fc effect ^u unf9i%$ bus9ess1 #fc n us$ 9 committee ( ! :ole 7see ,rise71 #fc motion to fix ! "t to :i* to adj\rn1 #ei ,am5dm5t1 motion to am5d1 #acd by ins]t+ or add+ words1 #acg by /rik+ out words1 #ach by /rik+ out & ins]t+ words1 #aci by ins]t+ or add+1 or by /rik+ out1 an entire p>agraph1 #adj by sub/itut+ "o p>agraph = ano!r #ada ( an am5dm5t1 #ace ( reports ( committees or bo>ds1 #bbh ( reports or propositions conta9+ sev]al p>agraphs1 #ic ( ,rules ( ,ord]1 ,by-laws1 & ,con/itutions1 #bfi ( ,/&+ ,rules1 #bfh improp] am5dm5ts1 #adc motions t _c be am5d$1 li/ (1 #adf ,ann\nc+ ! ,vote1 #db1 #aij ,annul1 #afi ,appeal f ! decision ( ! *air1 #ha ,apply1 mean+ (1 #ba ,assembly1 h[ organiz$ & h[ bus9ess is conduct$ 91 #bge ! ^w to be replac$ by ,society1 ,club1 etc41 :5 x occurs 9 =ms ( que/ions1 #bb division ( !1 #ie "r to puni% memb]s1 #bii "r to eject p]sons f its room1 #bii trial ( memb]s1 #cjb ,ballot1 vot+ by1 #aic blanks n c\nt$1 #aie nom9at+ or in=mal ballot1 #bfc =m ( report ( vote by1 #aif ,blanks1 fill+ (1 #adh 9 ballot+ n to be c\nt$1 #aie ,bo>ds ( ,tru/ees1 ,manag]s1 or ,directors1 #bjg rules ( proc$ure 91 #bjh reports (1 & _! am5dm5t1 #bji reports (1 treat$ z reports ( /&+ committees1 #bfb 7,see ,quorum7 ,bus9ess1 h[ introduc$1 #be h[ conduct$1 #be-db1 #bge-bih to *ange ord] ( is undebatable & requires a two-?irds vote1 #he priority (1 que/ions relat+ to are undebatable1 #ahg unf9i%$1 #fc ,by-laws1 :at !y %\ld conta91 #bff adoption (1 #bhg1 #bhh am5dm5t (1 #bfi susp5sion (1 #bfg ,call ( ! ,h\se1 #age ,call to ,ord]1 #hj ,*airman1 etc4 7presid+ (fic]71 mode ( address1 #bg duties (1 #bcf election (1 #bgf1 #bhi tempor>y1 or pro tem41 #bdj "r to vote :5 x affects result1 #bch ( a committee1 #baa ( committee ( ! :ole1 #bcj inexp]i5c$1 h9ts to1 #bdb ,*>ts1 description (1 #cjg ,cl]k1 7see ,secret>y71 #bdd ,close ,debate n[ 7see ,previ\s ,"q71 #aaa at a future "t1 #aah ,commit1 motion to1 #abe =ms ( ! motion1 #acj ,committees1 ,executive1 & ,bo>ds1 #bjg ex-(ficio memb]s (1 #baj ( ! :ole1 #bbi z if 9 committee ( ! :ole1 #bcc ,committees1 ,special & ,/&+1 #baa di/9ction betwe5 special & /&+1 #baa object (1 #acj appo9tm5t (1 #abh ( :om !y %\ld be compos$1 #aca1 #acb prop] size (1 #acb *airman (1 #aca report+ memb] (1 #bbj quorum 91 consi/s ( a majority1 #bei mann] ( conduct+ bus9ess 91 #bac to dis*>ge1 #acb ,reports (1 _! =m1 #bae _! reception1 #bbj _! am5dm5t1 #bbh _! adoption or acceptance1 #bbc _! place 9 ! ord] ( bus9ess1 #bfb common errors 9 act+ ^u1 #bbb ,m9ority ,reports or ,views (1 _! =m1 #baf _c be act$ ^u unless mov$ z a sub/itute = ! committee's 7majority's7 report1 #baf ,congress1 ,rules (1 ! basis ( ?is "w1 #bj 7,rules (1 to be f\nd 9 footnotes :5 diff]5t f ^? giv5 9 text7 ,cons5t1 unanim\s or g5]al1 #bjb c be giv5 only :5 a quorum is pres5t1 #bei ,consid]ation ( a ,"q1 objection to1 #hg ,con/itutions1 :at !y %\ld conta91 #bfe adoption (1 #bhg am5dm5t (1 #bfi _c be susp5d$1 #he ,conv5tion1 organiz+ & conduct+ a meet+ ( a1 #bib1 #bif ,cr$5tials ( delegates1 #bic ,debate1 #ch1 #agh :at prec$es1 #bf no memb] to speak b twice on same day 9 same1 #ci no spee* to be long] ?an t5 m9utes1 #ci numb] & l5g? ( spee*es 9 ,congress 7,note71 #agh memb] report+ measure has "r to close1 #agi undebatable que/ions1 li/ (1 #ahg motions t op5 ! ma9 "q to1 #ahg pr9ciples regulat+ ! ext5t (1 #ahd decorum 91 #ahj to close n[ 7,previ\s ,"q71 #aaa to close at future "t1 #aah to limit or ext5d limits (1 #aah two-?irds vote requir$ to close1 limit1 or ext5d1 #bje ,decorum 9 ,debate1 #ahj ,def9itions ( v>i\s t]ms1 #bb ,delegates1 organization ( a meet+ (1 #bib1 #bif cr$5tials (1 #bic ,dilatory ,motions n p]mitt$1 #agd ,disord]ly words 9 debate1 #aha ,division ( ! assembly1 #ie ( ! "q1 #hi ,duties ( ,(fic]s 7see ,*airman1 ,secret>y1 ,executive ,secret>y & ,treasur]7 ,ecclesia/ical ,tribunals1 legal rights (1 #cjj ,eject p]sons f ! room1 "r ( assembly to1 #bii ,elections1 #bfc ,errors1 common1 #bbb ,executive ,bo>d1 #bjg ,executive ,committee1 #bjg ,executive ,secret>y1 #bej ,ex-(ficio memb]s ( bo>ds & committees1 #baj ,expulsion ( memb]s requires a vote1 #cjc ,expunge1 #agj ,ext5d ! limits ( debate1 #aah ,fill+ blanks1 #adh ,fix ! "t to :i* to ,adj\rn1 motion to1 #ei :5 n privileg$1 #ei ,floor1 h[ to obta91 #bg necess>y to obta91 9 ord] to make a motion1 #bg ,=ms ( mak+ motions1 #cc a resolution1 #cd1 #ce a preamble1 #ce /at+ que/ions1 #ch putt+ que/ions1 #dj ann\nc+ ! result ( a vote1 #da tell]s' report ( vote by ballot1 #aif act+ on reports ( committees1 #bbj1 #bbc act+ on reports or resolutions conta9+ sev]al p>agraphs1 #ib reports ( committees1 #bae treasur]s' reports1 #beb m9utes ( a meet+1 #bdh 7,"u ea* motion ! =m ( mak+ x & ( /at+ & putt+ ! "q is giv5 if ! =m is peculi>7 ,g5]al ,cons5t1 #bjb ,h9ts to ,inexp]i5c$ ,*airm51 #bdb ,h\se1 ,call ( !1 #age ,imm$iately p5d+ "q1 mean+ (1 #bc ,incid5tal motions or que/ions1 #ef ma9 motions or que/ions1 #eb ,indecorum1 leave to cont9ue speak+ aft]1 #hj ,indef9ite po/ponem5t1 #aeb ,in=mal consid]ation ( a "q1 #bcd ,in=mation1 ,reque/ =1 #ic ,introduction ( ,bus9ess1 #be ,inquiry1 ,p>liam5t>y1 #ih ,j\rnal 7see ,m9utes71 #bdg ,lay on ! table1 motion to1 #ajd ,leave to cont9ue speak+ aft] indecorum1 #hj modify or )draw a motion1 #ajj read pap]s1 #aja be excus$ f a duty1 #ajb ,legal ,rights 7see ,assembly & ,ecclesia/ical ,tribunals7 ,lesson ,outl9es1 #cjh ,limit debate1 motion to1 #aah ,ma9 motions or que/ions1 #ea incid5tal ma9 motions or que/ions1 #eb ,majority1 def9$1 #bd1 #bjb ,meet+1 di/9ction betwe5 x & ,session1 #bed h[ to conduct an occasional or mass meet+1 #bge h[ to conduct a meet+ to organize a society1 #bhd h[ to conduct a regul> meet+ ( a society1 #bia h[ to conduct a meet+ ( delegates 7a conv5tion71 #bib ,memb]s n to be pres5t dur+ a debate conc]n+ !mselves1 #ahb n to vote on que/ions p]sonal to !mselves1 #aib trial (1 #cjb n to be expell$ by less ?an a vote1 #cjc ,m9ority ,report1 or ,views 7see ,committees71 #baf ,m9utes1 =m & cont5ts (1 #bdh correction ( be=e adoption1 #adg correction ( aft] adoption1 #adh1 #aei ,mod]ator 7see ,*airman71 #bg ,modification ( a motion by ! mov]1 #ajj ,motions1 li/ ( 7= details see ea* motion 9 ! ,index7 accept a report1 #bbc adj\rn1 #fj adj\rn1 fix ! "t to :i* to1 #ei add words 7see ,am5dm5t71 #acg add a p>agraph 7see ,am5dm5t71 #adj adopt a report 7same z ,accept71 #bbc agree to 7same z ,adopt71 #bbc am5d1 #acd annul1 #afi appeal1 #ha blanks1 fill+1 #adh call to ord]1 #hj close debate n[ 7previ\s "q71 #aaa close debate at a future "t1 #aah commit1 or ref]1 or recommit1 #abe consid]ation ( a "q1 objection to1 #hg divide ! assembly1 #ie divide ! "q1 #hi expunge1 #agj ext5d ! limits ( debate1 #aah fix ! "t to :i* to adj\rn1 #ei incid5tal motions or que/ions1 #ef incid5tal ma9 motions or que/ions1 #eb indef9itely po/pone1 #aeb in=mal consid]ation ( a "q1 #bcd ins]t words 7see ,am5dm5t71 #acg ins]t a p>agraph 7see ,am5dm5t71 #adj lay on ! table1 #ajd leave to cont9ue speak+ :5 guilty ( indecorum1 #hj leave to read pap]s1 #aja leave to be excus$ f a duty1 #ajb leave to )draw or modify a motion1 #ajj limit debate1 #aah ma9 motions or que/ions1 #ea objection to ! consid]ation ( a "q1 #hg ord]1 que/ions (1 #gh ord]1 to make a special1 #gc1 #abd ord]s ( ! day1 call =1 #fh p]mission1 to grant 7see ,leave7 po/pone to a c]ta9 "t1 or def9itely1 #aba po/pone indef9itely1 #aeb previ\s "q1 #aaa pr9cipal 7same z ,ma97 motions or que/ions1 #ea priority ( bus9ess1 que/ions relat+ to1 #ahg privileg$ motions or que/ions1 #eg privilege1 que/ions (1 #ff read+ pap]s1 #aja reception ( a report 7see ,committees71 #bbj recommit 7same z ,commit71 #abe reconsid]1 #aef reconsid] & ent] on ! m9utes1 #afe ref] 7same z ,commit71 #abe r5ewal ( a motion1 #aga resc9d1 repeal1 or annul1 #afi rise 79 committee ( ! :ole equals adj\rn71 #fc1 #bca special ord]1 to make a1 #gc1 #abd /rike out words 7see ,am5dm5t71 #ach /rike out a p>agraph1 #adj /rike out & ins]t words 7see ,am5dm5t71 #aci /rike out & ins]t a p>agraph 7same z ,sub/itute71 #ada subsidi>y motions or que/ions1 #ed sub/itute 7"o =m ( ,am5dm5t1 :i* see71 #ada susp5sion ( ! rules1 #hc take f ! table1 #aed take up a "q out ( its prop] ord]1 #he1 #hf )drawal ( a motion1 #ajj ,motions1 ,table ( rules relat+ to1 #f ord] ( prec$5ce (1 #e classifi$ accord+ to _! object1 #dd classifi$ into ,privileg$1 ,incid5tal1 ,subsidi>y1 etc41 #ea-eh h[ to be made1 #cc a second requir$ 7) c]ta9 exceptions71 #cf to be /at$ by *airman be=e be+ discuss$1 #ch :5 to be 9 writ+1 #cd h[ to be divid$1 #hi h[ to be modifi$ by ! mov]1 #ajj h[ to be /at$1 #ch h[ to be put to ! "q1 #dj t are 9 ord] :5 ano!r has ! floor1 #cb t d n require a second1 #cg t _c be am5d$1 #adf t _c be debat$1 #ahg t _c be reconsid]$1 #aeh t op5 ma9 "q to debate1 #ahg t require vote = _! adoption1 #bje t are null & void ev5 if adopt$ unanim\sly1 #bja dilatory1 absurd1 or frivol\s1 n all[$1 #agd ,nom9at+ ,ballot1 #bfc ,nom9ations1 h[ treat$1 #if1 #bfc1 #bgf clos+ & reop5+1 #ig second+1 #bfc ,numb]s ( p>agraphs1 cl]k to correct )\t a vote1 #adh ,objection to consid]ation introduction ( a "q1 #hg ,obta9+ ! floor1 #bg ,(fic]s ( an assembly 7see ,*airman1 ,secret>y1 ,treasur]1 & ,vice ,presid5t71 #bgg election (1 #bgf tempor>y1 or pro tem41 #bdj ,ord]1 que/ions ( & a call to1 #gh ( bus9ess1 #bfa ( ! day1 #ga g5]al1 #gb special1 #gc ( prec$5ce ( motions1 #e ,organization ( an occasional or mass meet+1 #bge ( a semi-p]man5t mass meet+1 #bhc ( a p]man5t society1 #bhd ( a conv5tion or assembly ( delegates1 #bib1 #bif ,pap]s & ,docum5ts1 read+ (1 #aja 9 cu/ody ( secret>y1 #bde ,p>liam5t>y ,inquiry1 #ih ,p>liam5t>y ,law1 its orig91 etc41 #ae ,p5d+ "q1 mean+ (1 #bc imm$iately p5d+ "q1 mean+ (1 #bc ,plan = ,/udy ( ,p>liam5t>y ,law1 #cje ,plan ( ! ,manual1 #bj ,plurality ,vote def9$1 #bd ,po/pone to a c]ta9 "t1 #aba indef9itely1 #aeb ,preamble1 =m (1 #ce consid]$ aft] ! resolution1 #id ,prec$5ce ( motions1 ord] (1 #e mean+ (1 #ba ,presid5t or ,presid+ ,(fic] 7see ,*airman71 #bcf ,previ\s ,"q1 #aaa ,pr9cipal1 or ,ma91 ,motion or ,"q1 #ea ,priority ( ,bus9ess1 que/ions relat+ to1 #ahg ,privilege1 que/ions (1 #ff ,privileg$ ,motions or ,que/ions1 #eg ,program ( a meet+ 7same z ,ord]s ( ! ,day71 #gd ,proxy ,vot+1 #bjj ,putt+ ! "q1 =m (1 #dj ,que/ions 7see ,=ms1 ,motions1 ,privilege1 ,privileg$1 ,ord]1 ,/at+1 & ,putt+7 ,quorum1 #beg :5 !re is no rule1 consi/s ( a majority1 #beh committees & bo>ds _c decide ^u1 #bei 9 ,congress & ,p>liam5t1 #bfa ,read+ ( ,pap]s1 #aja ,reception ( a ,report 7see ,committees71 #bbj ,recess1 to take a1 #fd ,recommit 7see ,commit71 #abe1 #acj ,reconsid]1 #aef motions t _c be reconsid]$1 #aeh ,reconsid] & h ent]$ on ! m9utes1 #afe ,record1 or ,m9utes1 #bdg ,record+ ,(fic] 7see ,secret>y71 #bdd ,ref] 7same z ,commit71 #abe ,r5ewal ( a motion1 #aga ,report+ memb] ( a committee1 def9$1 #bbj ,reports ( committees 7see ,committees7 ,reque/s ( any k9d1 #ig ,resc9d1 #afi ,resolutions1 =ms (1 #cd1 #ce n 9 ord] if conflict+ ) ,con/itution1 ,by-laws1 ,rules ( ,ord]1 or ,/&+ ,rules1 #bja1 #bfi ,re/ore to memb]%ip or (fice1 #agj ,rights ( assemblies 7see ,assembly71 #bii ( ecclesia/ical tribunals1 #cjj ,rise1 motion to1 9 committee equals adj\rn1 #fc1 #bca ,rules ( ,debate 7see ,debate71 #ch1 #agh ( ,ord]1 :at !y %\ld conta91 #bfg ( ,ord]1 am5dm5t (1 #bfi ( ,ord]1 susp5sion (1 #hc ,/&+1 :at !y %\ld conta91 #bfh ,/&+1 am5dm5t or susp5sion (1 #bfh relat+ to motions1 ,table (1 #f ,second+1 motions t d n require1 #cg ,secret>y1 duties (1 #bdd election (1 #bgf correspond+1 #bdf executive1 #bej ,s]iatim ,consid]ation1 #ib ,session1 #bec ,speak+1 ,rules ( 7see ,debate71 #ch1 #agh ,special ,ord]1 #gc ,/&+ ,rules1 #bfh ,/at+ a ,"q1 =m (1 #ch ,/rike out 7see ,am5dm5t71 #ach1 #adj ,/ud5ts1 ,sugge/ions to1 #bje ,subsidi>y ,motions or ,que/ions1 #ed ,sub/itute 7see ,am5dm5t71 #ada ,sum1 l>ge/ put fir/1 #adi ,susp5sion ( ! ,con/itution1 #bfe ( ,by-laws1 #bfg ( ,rules1 #hc ( ,/&+ ,rules1 #bfh ,table ( ,rules relat+ to motions1 #f ,table1 motion to lay on !1 #ajd motion to take f !1 #aed ,tea*]s1 ,sugge/ions to1 #cje ,tell]s1 #aie report (1 #aif ,"t1 longe/1 or mo/ di/ant1 fir/ put1 #adi ,treasur]1 duties (1 #bea ,trial ( ,memb]s1 #cjb ,two-?irds vote1 motions requir+1 #bje v>i\s k9ds (1 expla9$1 #bjd pr9ciples regulat+1 #bjd ,unanim\s ,cons5t1 #bjb ,undebatable ,motions or ,que/ions1 #ahg ,unf9i%$ ,bus9ess1 effect ( adj\rnm5t ^u1 #fc its place 9 ! ord] ( bus9ess1 #bfb ,vice ,presid5ts1 #bdb honor>y1 #bfg ,vote1 #ahh putt+ ! "q1 #dj viva voce1 or by voice1 #ahh by %[ ( h&s1 #ahi by ris+1 #ahi by ballot1 #aic by yeas & nays1 #aig by g5]al cons5t1 #aih1 #bjb proxy vot+1 #bjj vot+ by mail1 #aii division1 #ie *airman entitl$ to1 :5 x affects result1 #aib *ange (1 p]mitt$ be=e result is ann\nc$1 #aic ann\nc+ !1 #db1 #aij effect ( a tie1 #aib au?oriz+ secret>y to ca/ unanim\s ballot1 #aid decl>+ vote unanim\s :5 x is n1 #aid1 #bjc p]sonal int]e/s t deb> "o's vot+1 #aib def9itions ( plurality1 majority1 & two-?irds1 #ba motions requir+ m ?an a majority1 #bjb motions requir+ 1 li/ (1 #bje diff]5t k9ds ( 1 #bjd ,:ole1 ,committee ( !1 #bbi ,)drawal ( a ,motion1 #ajj ,yeas & ,nays1 vot+ by1 #aig ,yields1 mean+ (1 #ba ,,transcrib]',s ,,note ,! index 0 n *eck$ = prop] alphabetization or correct page ref]5ces4 ,obvi\s typographical errors & punctuation errors h be5 correct$ aft] c>eful comp>ison ) o!r occurr5ces )9 ! text & consultation ( ext]nal s\rces4 ,"s hyph5s 9 words h be5 sil5tly remov$1 "s add$1 :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ! orig9al book4 ,except = ^? *anges not$ bel[1 all misspell+s 9 ! text1 & inconsi/5t or ar*aic usage1 h be5 reta9$4 ,pg #bbg3 8comclusions0 replac$ ) 8conclusions04