,! ,dale ,memorial ,lectures1 #aibb4 ,,! ,,decay ,,& ,,! ,,re/oration ,,( ,,civilization ,,! ,,philosophy ,,( ,,civilization ,,"p ,i ,,by ,,alb]t ,,s*weitz] ,d4,,!ol42 ,d4,,phil42 ,d4,,m$4 7,,/rassburg7 ,,translat$ ,,by ,c4 ,t4 ,,campion ,m4,a4 7,,oxon47 7,,sometime ,,( ,,m]ton ,,college1 ,,ox=d7 ,a4 ,c4 ,,black1 ,,ltd4 #d1 #e #f ,,soho ,,squ>e1 ,,london1 ,w4 #a #aibc ,pr9t$ 9 ,great ,brita9 by ,,! ,,:itefri>s ,,press1,,ltd41 ,,london ,,& ,,tonbridge4 ,to ,,annie ,,fis*] ,,9 ,,deepe/ ,,gratitude ,,au?or',s ,,preface 8,! ,decay & ! ,re/oration ( ,civilization0 is ! fir/ "p ( a complete philosophy ( civilization ) :i* ,i h be5 occupi$ s9ce ! ye> #aijj4 ,! second "p1 entitl$ 8,civilization & ,e?ics01 w appe> imm$iately4 ,! ?ird is call$ 8,! ,_w-,view7997 ( ,rev]5ce = ,life04 ,! f\r? has to d ) ! civiliz$ ,/ate4 ,t ov] :i* ,i h toil$ s9ce #aijj has be5 f9ally rip5$ 9 ! /illness ( ! primeval =e/ ( ,equatorial ,africa4 ,!re1 dur+ ! ye>s #aiad-ag1 ! cle> & def9ite l9es ( ?is philosophy ( civilization h be5 develop$4 ,! fir/ "p1 8,! ,decay & ! ,re/oration ( ,civilization01 is a k9d ( introduction to ! philosophy ( civilization4 ,x /ates ! problem ( civilization4 ,ent]+ on ! "q z to :at is ! real ess5tial nature ( civilization1 ,i come to ! pron\ncem5t t ?is is ultimately e?ical4 ,i "k t 9 ?us /at+ ! problem z a moral "o ,i pg viii %all surprise & ev5 disgu/ ! _s ( our times1 :i* is accu/om$ to move amid/ /hetic1 hi/orical & mat]ial consid]ations4 ,i imag9e1 h[ev]1 t ,i am myself en\gh ( an arti/ & also ( an hi/orian to be able to compreh5d ! /hetic & hi/orical elem5ts 9 civilization1 & t1 z a mod]n physician & surgeon1 ,i am suffici5tly mod]n to appreciate ! glam\r ( ! te*nical & mat]ial atta9m5ts ( our age4 ,not)/&+ ?is1 ,i h come to ! conviction t ! /hetic & ! hi/orical elem5ts1 & ! magnific5t ext5sion ( our mat]ial k & p[]1 d n !mselves =m ! ess5ce ( civilization1 b t ?is dep5ds on ! m5tal disposition ( ! individuals & nations :o exi/ 9 ! _w4 ,all o!r ?+s are m]ely accompany+ circum/ances ( civilization1 :i* h no?+ to d ) its real ess5ce4 ,creative1 arti/ic1 intellectual1 & mat]ial atta9m5ts c only %[ _! full & true effects :5 ! cont9u$ exi/5ce & developm5t ( civilization h be5 secur$ by f\nd+ civilization itself on a m5tal disposition :i* is truly e?ical4 ,x is only 9 8 /ruggle to become e?ical t man comes to possess real value z a p]sonality2 x is only "u ! influ5ce ( e?ical convictions t ! v>i\s relations ( human society are =m$ 9 su* a way t individuals & peoples c pg ix develop 9 an ideal mann]4 ,if ! e?ical f\ndation is lack+1 !n civilization collapses1 ev5 :5 9 o!r directions creative & intellectual =ces ( ! /ronge/ nature are at "w4 ,?is moral conception ( civilization1 :i* makes me almo/ a /rang] amid/ ! intellectual life ( my "t1 ,i express cle>ly & unhesitat+ly1 9 ord] to ar\se among/ my contempor>ies reflection z to :at civilization really is4 ,we %all n succe$ 9 re-e/abli%+ our civilization on an endur+ basis until we rid ourselves completely ( ! sup]ficial concept ( civilization :i* n[ holds u 9 ?rall1 & give ourselves up aga9 to ! e?ical view :i* obta9$ 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,! second po9t :i* ,i desire %\ld obta9 curr5cy is t ( ! connection betwe5 civilization & our !ory ( ! univ]se4 ,at ! pres5t "t no reg>d is paid to ?is connection4 ,9 fact1 ! p]iod 9 :i* we are liv+ altoge!r misses ! significance ( hav+ a !ory ( ! univ]se4 ,x is ! common conviction n[adays1 ( educat$ & un$ucat$ alike1 t humanity w progress q satisfactorily )\t any !ory ( ! univ]se at all4 ,! real fact is t all human progress dep5ds on progress 9 its !ory ( ! univ]se1 :il/1 conv]sely1 decad5ce is condition$ by a simil> pg x decad5ce 9 ?is !ory4 ,our loss ( real civilization is due to our lack ( a !ory ( ! univ]se4 ,only z we aga9 succe$ 9 atta9+ a /rong & wor?y !ory ( ! univ]se1 & f9d 9 x /rong & wor?y convictions1 %all we aga9 become capable ( produc+ a new civilization4 ,x is ?is app>5tly ab/ract & p>adoxical tru? ( :i* ,i proclaim myself ! *ampion4 ,civilization1 put q simply1 consi/s 9 our giv+ ourselves1 z human be+s1 to ! ef=t to atta9 ! p]fect+ ( ! human race & ! actualization ( progress ( e sort 9 ! circum/ances ( humanity & ( ! objective _w4 ,?is m5tal attitude1 h[ev]1 involves a d\ble pr$isposition3 fir/ly1 we mu/ be prep>$ to act affirmatively t[>d ! _w & life2 secondly1 we mu/ become e?ical4 ,only :5 we are able to attribute a real mean+ to ! _w & to life %all we be able also to give ourselves to su* action z w produce results ( real value4 ,z long z we look on our exi/5ce 9 ! _w z mean+less1 !re is no po9t :atev] 9 desir+ to effect any?+ 9 ! _w4 ,we become work]s = t univ]sal spiritual & mat]ial progress :i* we call civilization only 9 s f> z we affirm t ! _w & life possess "s sort ( mean+1 or1 :i* is ! same ?+1 only 9 s f> z we ?9k optimi/ically4 pg xi ,civilization orig9ates :5 m5 become inspir$ by a /rong & cle> det]m9ation to atta9 progress1 & consecrate !mselves1 z a result ( ?is det]m9ation1 to ! s]vice ( life & ( ! _w4 ,x is only 9 e?ics t we c f9d ! driv+ =ce = su* action1 transc5d+1 z x does1 ! limits ( our own exi/5ce4 ,no?+ ( real value 9 ! _w is ev] accompli%$ )\t en?usiasm & self-sacrifice4 ,b x is impossible to conv9ce m5 ( ! tru? ( _w- & life-affirmation & ( ! real value ( e?ics by m]e declamation4 ,! affirmative & e?ical m5tality :i* *>act]izes ^! beliefs mu/ orig9ate 9 man himself z ! result ( an inn] spiritual relation to ! _w4 ,only !n w !y accompany him z /rong1 cle>1 & con/ant convictions1 & condition 8 e ?\ght & action4 ,to put x 9 ano!r way3 _w- & life-affirmation mu/ be ! products ( ?\ght ab\t ! _w & life4 ,only z ! majority ( individuals atta9 to ?is result ( ?\ght & cont9ue "u its influ5ce w a true & endur+ civilization make progress 9 ! _w4 ,%\ld ! m5tal disposition t[>ds _w- & life-affirmation & t[>ds e?ics beg9 to wane1 or become dim & obscur$1 we %all be incapable ( work+ = true civilization1 nay1 m1 we %all be unable ev5 to pg xii =m a correct concept ( :at su* civilization ought to be4 ,& ?is is ! fate :i* has befall5 u4 ,we are b]eft ( any !ory ( ! univ]se4 ,!re=e1 in/ead ( be+ inspir$ by a pr(\nd & p[]ful _s ( affirmation ( ! _w & ( life1 we all[ ourselves1 bo? z individuals & z nations1 to be driv5 hi!r & ?i!r by a type ( su* affirmation :i* is bo? confus$ & sup]ficial4 ,in/ead ( adopt+ a det]m9$ e?ical attitude1 we exi/ 9 an atmosph]e ( m]e e?ical phrases or decl>e ourselves e?ical sceptics4 ,h[ is x t we h got into ?is /ate ( lack+ a !ory ( ! univ]se8 ,x is because hi!rto ! _w- & life-affirm+ & e?ical !ory ( ! univ]se _h no conv9c+ & p]man5t f\ndation 9 ?\ght4 ,we ?\ght aga9 & aga9 t we _h f\nd su* a basis = x2 b x lo/ p[] aga9 & aga9 )\t our be+ aw>e t x 0 do+ s1 until1 f9ally1 we h be5 oblig$1 = m ?an a g5]ation pa/1 to resign ourselves m & m to a complete lack ( any _w-!ory at all4 ,?us1 9 ?is introductory "p ( my "w1 ,i proclaim two tru?s & conclude ) a great note ( int]rogation4 ,! tru?s are ! foll[+3 ,! basic e?ical "* ( civilization1 & ! connection betwe5 civilization & our !ories ( pg xiii ! univ]se4 ,! "q ) :i* ,i conclude is ?is3 ,is x at all possible to f9d a real & p]man5t f\ndation 9 ?\ght = a !ory ( ! univ]se :i* %all be bo? e?ical & affirmative ( ! _w & ( life8 ,! future ( civilization dep5ds on our ov]com+ ! mean+lessness & hopelessness :i* *>act]ize ! ?\ghts & convictions ( m5 to-day1 & rea*+ a /ate ( fre% hope & fre% det]m9ation4 ,we %all be capable ( ?is1 h[ev]1 only :5 ! majority ( individuals discov] = !mselves bo? an e?ic & a pr(\nd & /eadfa/ attitude ( _w- & life-affirmation1 9 a !ory ( ! univ]se at once conv9c+ & bas$ on reflection4 ,)\t su* a g5]al spiritual exp]i5ce !re is no possibility ( hold+ our _w back f ! ru9 & dis9tegration t[>ds :i* x is be+ ha/5$4 ,x is our duty !n to r\se ourselves to fre% reflection ab\t ! _w & life4 ,9 8,civilization & ,e?ics01 ! second "p ( ?is philosophy ( civilization1 ,i describe ! road along :i* ?\ght has l$ me to _w- & life-affirmation & to e?ics4 ,! root-idea ( my !ory ( ! univ]se is t my relation to my own be+ & to ! objective _w is det]m9$ by rev]5ce = life4 ,?is rev]5ce = life is giv5 z an elem5t ( my w-to-live1 & becomes cle>ly pg xiv consci\s ( itself z ,i reflect ab\t my life & ab\t ! _w4 ,9 ! m5tal attitude ( rev]5ce = life :i* %\ld *>act]ize my contact ) all =ms ( life1 bo? e?ics & _w- & life-affirmation are involv$4 ,x is n any k9d ( insight into ! ess5tial nature ( ! _w :i* det]m9es my relation to my own exi/5ce & to ! exi/5ce :i* ,i enc\nt] 9 ! _w1 b r only & solely my own w-to-live :i* has develop$ ! p[] ( reflection ab\t itself & ! _w4 ,! !ory ( ! univ]se *>act]iz$ by rev]5ce = life is a type ( my/icism arriv$ at by self-consi/5t ?\ght :5 p]si/$ 9 to its ultimate conclusion4 ,surr5d]+ himself to ! guidance ( ?is my/icism1 man f9ds a mean+ = 8 life 9 t he /rives to accompli% 8 own spiritual & e?ical self-fulfilm5t1 &1 simultane\sly & 9 ! same act1 helps =w>d all ! processes ( spiritual & mat]ial progress :i* h to be actualiz$ 9 ! _w4 ,i d n "k h[ _m1 or h[ few1 w all[ !mselves to be p]suad$ to travel ) me on ! road indicat$ above4 ,:at ,i desire above all ?+s--& ?is is ! crux ( ! :ole affair--is t we %\ld all recognize fully t our pres5t entire lack ( any !ory ( ! univ]se is ! ultimate s\rce ( all ! cata/rophes & mis]y ( pg xv our times1 & t we %\ld toil 9 conc]t = a !ory ( ! univ]se & ( life1 9 ord] t ?us we may arrive at a m5tal disposition :i* %all make u really & truly civiliz$ m54 ,x 0 a great joy to me to be af=d$ ! opportunity ( putt+ =w>d1 9 ! ,dale ,lectures1 deliv]$ 9 ,ox=d1 ! views on :i* ?is philosophy ( civilization is bas$4 ,i w\ld t5d] my deepe/ ?anks to my fri5ds1 ,mr4 ,c4 ,t4 ,campion1 ,m4,a41 n[ ( ,graham/[n1 ,s\? ,africa1 & ,dr4 ,j4 ,p4 ,nai%1 ( ,ox=d4 ,mr4 ,campion is ! translator ( ?is fir/ "p ( ! 8,philosophy ( ,civilization04 ,dr4 ,nai% has se5 ! book ?r\gh ! press & translat$ ?is preface4 ,,alb]t ,,s*weitz]4 ,/rasb\rg1 ,alsace4 ,febru>y1 #aibc4 pg xvi ,,cont5ts ,,*apt] ,i ,h[ ,philosophy is ,responsible = ! ,collapse ( ,civilization #a ,,*apt] ,,ii ,h9drances to ,civilization 9 our ,economic & ,spiritual ,life #ae ,,*apt] ,,iii ,civilization ess5tially ,e?ical 9 ,"* #ce ,,*apt] ,,iv ,! ,way to ! ,re/oration ( ,civilization #fb ,,*apt] ,v ,civilization & ,!ories ( ! ,univ]se #hj pg xvii ,,! ,,decay ,,& ,,! ,,re/oration ,,( ,,civilization ,,*apt] ,i ,,h[ ,,philosophy ,,is ,,responsible ,,= ,,! ,,collapse ,,( ,,civilization ,our self-deception z to ! real conditions ( our civilization4 ,! collapse ( ! !ory ( ! univ]se on :i* our ideals 7 bas$4 ,! sup]ficial "* ( mod]n philosophiz+4 ,we are liv+ to-day "u ! sign ( ! collapse ( civilization4 ,! situation has n be5 produc$ by ! w>2 ! latt] is only a manife/ation ( x4 ,! spiritual atmosph]e has solidifi$ into actual facts1 :i* aga9 react on x ) disa/r\s results 9 e respect4 ,?is int]action ( mat]ial & spiritual has assum$ a mo/ unheal?y "*4 ,j bel[ a mighty cat>act we are driv+ along 9 a curr5t full ( =midable eddies1 & x w ne$ ! mo/ gigantic ef=ts to rescue ! vessel ( our fate f ! dang]\s side *annel into :i* we h pg #jjb all[$ x to drift1 & br+ x back into ! ma9 /ream1 if1 inde$1 we c hope to d s at all4 ,we h drift$ out ( ! /ream ( civilization because !re 0 among/ u no real reflection ^u :at civilization is4 ,x is true t at ! end ( ! la/ c5tury & ! beg9n+ ( ?is !re appe>$ a numb] ( works on civilization ) ! mo/ v>i$ titles2 b1 z ?\gh 9 ob$i5ce to "s secret ord]1 !y made no attempt to settle & make cle> ! conditions ( our intellectual life1 b devot$ !mselves exclusively to its orig9 & hi/ory4 ,!y gave u a relief map ( civilization m>k$ ) roads :i* m5 _h obs]v$ or inv5t$1 & :i* l$ u ov] hill & dale ?r\gh ! fields ( hi/ory f ! ,r5aissance to ! tw5tie? c5tury4 ,x 0 a triumph = ! hi/orical s5se ( ! au?ors4 ,! cr[ds :om ^! works in/ruct$ 7 fill$ ) satisfi$ cont5tm5t :5 !y und]/ood t _! civilization 0 ! organic product ( s _m c5turies ( ! work+ ( spiritual & social =ces1 b no "o work$ out & describ$ ! cont5t ( our spiritual life4 ,no "o te/$ its value f ! po9t ( view ( ! nobility ( its ideas1 & its ability to produce real progress4 ,?us we cross$ ! ?re%old ( ! tw5tie? c5tury ) an un%akable conceit ( ourselves1 pg #jjc & :atev] 0 writt5 at t "t ab\t our civilization only confirm$ u 9 our +5u\s belief 9 its high value4 ,anyone :o express$ d\bt 0 reg>d$ ) a/oni%m5t4 ,_m1 inde$1 :o 7 on ! road to error1 /opp$ & return$ to ! ma9 road aga9 because !y 7 afraid ( ! pa? :i* l$ (f to ! side4 ,o!rs cont9u$ along ! ma9 road1 b 9 sil5ce2 ! und]/&+ & insight :i* 7 at "w 9 !m only condemn$ !m to isolation4 ,x is cle> n[ to ev]yone t ! suicide ( civilization is 9 progress4 ,:at yet rema9s ( x is no long] safe4 ,x is /ill /&+1 inde$1 because x 0 n expos$ to ! de/ructive pressure :i* ov]:elm$ ! re/1 b1 l ! re/1 is built ^u rubble1 & ! next l&slide w v likely c>ry x away4 ,b :at 0 x t prec$$ & l$ up to ?is loss ( p[] 9 ! innate =ces ( civilization8 ,! age ( ! ,illum9ati & ( rationalism _h put =w>d e?ical ideals1 bas$ on reason1 conc]n+ ! developm5t ( ! individual to true manhood1 8 position 9 society1 ! mat]ial & spiritual problems :i* arose out ( society1 ! relations ( ! diff]5t nations to ea* o!r1 & _! issue 9 a humanity :i* %\ld be unit$ 9 pg #jjd ! pursuit ( ! highe/ moral & spiritual objects4 ,^! ideals _h begun1 bo? 9 philosophy & 9 g5]al ?\ght1 to get into contact ) reality & to alt] ! g5]al environm5t4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?ree or f\r g5]ations !re _h be5 su* progress made1 bo? 9 ! ideas und]ly+ civilization & 9 _! mat]ial embodim5t1 t ! age ( true civilization seem$ to h dawn$ ^u ! _w & to be assur$ ( an un9t]rupt$ developm5t4 ,b ab\t ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ?is mutual und]/&+ & co-op]ation betwe5 e?ical ideals & reality began to break d[n1 & 9 ! c\rse ( ! next few decades x disappe>$ m & m completely4 ,)\t resi/ance1 )\t compla9t1 civilization abdicat$4 ,its ideas lagg$ beh9d1 z ?\gh !y 7 too exhau/$ to keep pace ) x4 ,h[ did ?is come ab\t8 99 99 99 99 99 ,! decisive elem5t 9 ! production ( ?is result 0 philosophy's r5unciation ( h] duty4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury & ! e>ly "p ( ! n9ete5? x 0 philosophy :i* l$ & guid$ ?\ght 9 g5]al4 ,%e _h busi$ h]self ) ! que/ions :i* pres5t$ !mselves to mank9d at ea* successive p]iod1 & _h kept ! pg #jje ?\ght ( civiliz$ man actively reflect+ ^u !m4 ,philosophy at t "t includ$ )9 h]self an elem5t>y philosophiz+ ab\t man1 society1 race1 humanity & civilization1 :i* produc$ 9 a p]fectly natural way a liv+ popul> philosophy t controll$ ! g5]al ?\ght1 & ma9ta9$ ! en?usiasm = civilization4 ,b t e?ical1 & at ! same "t optimi/ic1 view ( ?+s 9 :i* ! ,illum9ati & rationalism _h laid ! f\ndations ( ?is heal?y popul> philosophy1 0 unable 9 ! long run to meet ! criticism levell$ at x by pure ?\ght4 ,its nave dogmatism rais$ m & m prejudice aga9/ x4 ,kant tri$ to provide ! tott]+ build+ ) new f\ndations1 und]tak+ to alt] ! rationali/ic view ( ?+s 9 accordance ) ! dem&s ( a deep] !ory ( k1 )\t1 h[ev]1 mak+ any *ange 9 its ess5tial spiritual elem5ts4 ,goe!1 ,s*ill] & o!r intellectual giants ( ! age1 %[$1 by means ( criticism bo? k9dly & malici\s1 t rationalism 0 r popul> philosophy ?an real philosophy1 b !y 7 n 9 a position to put into ! place ( :at !y de/roy$ any?+ new :i* c\ld give ! same effective support to ! ideas ab\t civilization :i* 7 curr5t 9 ! g5]al ?\ght ( ! "t4 pg #jjf ,fi*te1 ,hegel1 & o!r philosoph]s1 :o1 = all _! criticism ( rationalism1 paid homage to its e?ical ideals1 attempt$ to e/abli% a simil> e?ical & optimi/ic view ( ?+s by speculative me?ods1 t is by logical & metaphysical discussion ( pure be+ & its developm5t into a univ]se4 ,= ?ree or f\r decades !y succe$$ 9 deceiv+ !mselves & o!rs ) ?is suppos$ly creative & inspir+ illusion1 & 9 do+ viol5ce to reality 9 ! int]e/s ( _! !ory ( ! univ]se4 ,b at la/ ! natural sci5ces1 :i* all ?is "t _h be5 gr[+ /rong] & /rong]1 rose up aga9/ !m1 &1 ) a plebeian en?usiasm = ! tru? ( reality1 r$uc$ to ru9s ! magnific5t creations ( _! imag9ation4 ,s9ce t "t ! e?ical ideas on :i* civilization re/s h be5 w&]+ ab\t ! _w1 pov]ty-/rick5 & homeless4 ,no !ory ( ! univ]se has be5 advanc$ :i* c give !m a solid f\ndation2 9 fact1 n "o has made its appe>ance :i* c claim = itself solidity & inn] consi/5cy4 ,! age ( philosophic dogmatism _h come def9itely to an end1 & aft] t no?+ 0 recogniz$ z tru? except ! sci5ce :i* describ$ reality4 ,g5]al !ories ( ! univ]se no long] appe>$ z fix$ />s2 !y pg #jjg 7 reg>d$ z re/+ on hypo!sis1 & rank$ no high] ?an comets4 ,! same weapon :i* /ruck d[n ! dogmatism ( k ab\t ! univ]se /ruck d[n also ! dogmatic enunciation ( spiritual ideas4 ,! e>ly simple rationalism1 ! critical rationalism ( ,kant1 & ! speculative rationalism ( ! great philosoph]s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury _h all alike done viol5ce to reality 9 two ways4 ,!y _h giv5 a position above t ( ! facts ( sci5ce to ! views :i* !y _h arriv$ at by pure ?\ght1 & !y _h also prea*$ a s]ies ( e?ical ideals :i* 7 meant to replace by new ones ! v>i\s exi/+ relations 9 ! ideas & ! mat]ial environm5t ( mank9d4 ,:5 ! fir/ ( ^! two =ms ( viol5ce 0 prov$ to be a mi/ak5 "o1 x became que/ionable :e!r ! second c\ld /ill be all[$ ! ju/ification :i* x _h hi!rto enjoy$4 ,! doctr9aire me?ods ( ?\ght :i* made ! exi/+ _w no?+ b mat]ial = ! production ( a purely !oretical sket* ( a bett] future 7 replac$ by sympa!tic attempts to und]/& ! hi/orical orig9 ( exi/+ ?+s = :i* ,hegel's philosophy _h prep>$ ! way4 ,) a g5]al m5tality ( ?is description1 a real comb9ation ( e?ical ideals ) reality 0 no pg #jjh long] possible2 !re 0 n ! fre$om f prejudice :i* t requir$1 & s !re came a weak5+ ( ! convictions :i* 7 ! driv+ p[] ( civilization4 ,s1 too1 an end 0 put to t ju/ifiable viol5ce to human convictions & circum/ances )\t :i* ! re=m+ "w ( civilization c make no advance1 because x 0 b\nd up ) t o!r unju/ifiable viol5ce to reality4 ,t is ! tragic elem5t 9 ! psy*ological developm5t ( our spiritual life dur+ ! latt] half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,rationalism1 !n1 _h be5 dismiss$2 b ) x w5t also ! optimi/ic convictions z to ! moral mean+ ( ! univ]se & ( humanity1 ( society & ( man1 to :i* x _h giv5 bir?1 ?\gh ! conviction /ill ex]t$ s mu* influ5ce t no att5tion 0 paid to ! cata/rophe :i* _h really begun4 99 99 99 99 99 ,philosophy did n realize t ! p[] ( ! ideas ab\t civilization :i* _h be5 entru/$ to x 0 becom+ a d\btful quantity4 ,at ! end ( "o ( ! mo/ brilliant works on ! hi/ory ( philosophy :i* appe>$ at ! close ( ! n9ete5? c5tury philosophy is def9$ z ! process 8by :i* !re comes to completion1 /ep by /ep1 pg #jji & ) ev] cle>] & sur] consci\sness1 t conviction ab\t ! value ( civilization ! univ]sal validity ( :i* x is ! object ( philosophy itself to affirm40 ,b ! au?or has =gott5 ! ess5tial po9t1 viz41 t !re 0 a "t :5 philosophy did n m]ely conv9ce itself ( ! value ( civilization1 b also let its convictions g =? z fruitful ideas de/9$ to influ5ce ! g5]al ?\ght1 :ile f ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury onw>ds ^! convictions _h become m & m ( ! nature ( ho>d$ & unproductive capital4 ,once philosophy _h be5 an active work] produc+ univ]sal convictions ab\t civilization4 ,n[1 aft] ! collapse 9 ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ?is same philosophy _h become a m]e draw] ( divid5ds1 conc5trat+ h] activities f> f ! _w on :at %e _h manag$ to save4 ,%e _h become a m]e sci5ce1 :i* sift$ ! results ( ! hi/orical & natural sci5ces1 & collect$ f !m mat]ial = a future !ory ( ! univ]se1 c>ry+ on ) ?is object 9 view a le>n$ activity 9 all bran*es ( k4 ,at ! same "t %e became m & m absorb$ 9 ! /udy ( h] own pa/4 ,philosophy came to mean practically ! hi/ory ( philosophy1 b ! creative _s _h left h]4 ,%e became m & pg #jaj m a philosophy :i* conta9$ no real ?\ght4 ,%e reflect$1 inde$1 on ! results a*iev$ by ! individual sci5ces1 b %e lo/ ! p[] ( ?\ght ab\t fundam5tal problems4 ,%e look$ back ) condesc5d+ pity on ! rationalism :i* %e _h out/ripp$4 ,%e prid$ h]self on be+ able to trace h] desc5t ?r\gh ,kant1 on hav+ be5 %[n by ,hegel ! inn] mean+ ( hi/ory1 & on be+ at "w to-day 9 close sympa?y ) ! natural sci5ces4 ,b = all t %e 0 poor] ?an ! poore/ rationalism1 because %e n[ c>ri$ on 9 imag9ation only1 & n 9 reality1 ! recogniz$ "w ( philosophy1 :i* ! latt] _h practis$ s zeal\sly4 ,rationalism1 = all its simplicity1 _h be5 a work+ philosophy1 b philosophy h]self _h n[ become1 = all h] insight1 m]ely a p$antic philosophy ( deg5]ates4 ,%e /ill play$1 inde$1 "s sort ( rle 9 s*ools & univ]sities1 b %e _h no long] any message = ! great _w4 ,9 spite ( all h] le>n+1 %e _h become a /rang] to ! _w1 & ! problems ( life :i* occupi$ m5 & ! :ole ?\ght ( ! age _h no "p 9 h] activities4 ,h] way lay ap>t f ! g5]al spiritual life1 & j z %e d]iv$ no /imulus f ! latt]1 s %e gave none back4 ,refus+ to conc]n h]self ) fundam5tal pg #jaa problems1 %e conta9$ no fundam5tal philosophy :i* c\ld become a philosophy ( ! p4 ,f ?is impot5ce came ! av]sion to all g5]ally intelligible philosophiz+ :i* is s *>act]i/ic ( h]4 ,popul> philosophy 0 = h] m]ely a review1 prep>$ = ! use ( ! cr[d1 simplifi$1 & !re=e r5d]$ inf]ior1 ( ! results giv5 by ! individual sci5ces :i* %e _h h]self sift$ & put toge!r 9 view ( a future !ory ( ! univ]se4 ,%e 0 :olly unconsci\s ( sev]al ?+s1 viz41 t !re is a popul> philosophy :i* arises out ( su* a review2 t x is j ! prov9ce ( philosophy to deal ) ! prim>y1 deep] que/ions ab\t :i* individuals & ! cr[d are ?9k+1 or ought to be ?9k+1 to apply to !m m compreh5sive & m ?or\gh me?ods ( ?\ght1 & !n re/ore !m to g5]al curr5cy2 &1 f9ally1 t ! value ( any philosophy is 9 ! la/ resort to be measur$ by its capacity1 or incapacity1 to trans=m itself into a liv+ philosophy ( ! p4 ,:atev] is deep is also simple1 & c be reproduc$ z su*1 if only its relation to ! :ole ( reality is pres]v$4 ,x is !n some?+ ab/ract1 :i* secures = itself a _m-sid$ life z soon z x comes into contact ) facts4 pg #jab ,:atev] ( inquir+ ?\ght !re 0 among ! g5]al public 0 !re=e compell$ to langui%1 because our philosophy refus$ ei!r to ackn[l$ge or to help x4 ,x f\nd 9 front ( x a deep *asm :i* x c\ld n cross4 ,( gold co9age1 m9t$ 9 ! pa/1 philosophy _h abundance2 hypo!ses ab\t a soon to be develop$ !ological !ory ( ! univ]se fill$ h] vaults l unm9t$ bullion2 b food ) :i* to appease ! spiritual hung] ( ! pres5t %e did n possess4 ,deceiv$ by h] own ri*es1 %e _h neglect$ to plant any gr\nd ) n\ri%+ crops1 & !re=e1 ignor+ ! hung] ( ! age1 %e left ! latt] to its fate4 ,t pure ?\ght nev] manag$ to con/ruct a !ory ( ! univ]se ( an optimi/ic1 e?ical "*1 & to build up on t = a f\ndation ! ideals :i* g to produce civilization1 0 n ! fault ( philosophy2 x 0 a fact :i* became evid5t z ?\ght develop$4 ,b philosophy 0 guilty ( a wrong to our age 9 t x did n admit ! fact1 b rema9$ wrapp$ up 9 its illusion1 z ?\gh ?is 7 really a help to ! progress ( civilization4 ,! ultimate vocation ( philosophy is to be ! guide & gu>dian ( ! g5]al reason1 & x 0 h] duty1 9 ! circum/ances ( ! "t1 to confess pg #jac to our _w t e?ical ideals 7 no long] support$ by any g5]al !ory ( ! univ]se1 b 71 till fur!r notice1 left to !mselves1 & mu/ make _! way 9 ! _w by _! own innate p[]4 ,%e ought to h %[n u t we h to fight on behalf ( ! ideals on :i* our civilization re/s4 ,%e ought to h tri$ to give ^! ideals an indep5d5t exi/5ce by virtue ( _! own inn] value & inn] tru?1 & s to keep !m alive & active )\t any extrane\s help f a correspond+ !ory ( ! univ]se4 ,no ef=t %\ld h be5 sp>$ to direct ! att5tion ( ! cultur$ & ! uncultur$ alike to ! problem ( ! ideals ( civilization4 ,b philosophy philosophiz$ ab\t ev]y?+ except civilization4 ,%e w5t on work+ undeviat+ly at ! e/abli%m5t ( a !oretical view ( ! univ]se1 z ?\gh by means ( x ev]y?+ c\ld be re/or$1 & did n reflect t ?is !ory1 ev5 if x 7 complet$1 w\ld be con/ruct$ only out ( hi/ory & sci5ce1 & w\ld accord+ly be unoptimi/ic & une?ical1 & w\ld rema9 = ev] an 8impot5t !ory ( ! univ]se10 :i* c\ld nev] call =? ! en]gies ne$$ = ! e/abli%m5t & ma9t5ance ( ! ideals ( civilization4 ,s little did philosophy philosophize ab\t pg #jad civilization t %e did n ev5 notice t %e h]self & ! age along ) h] 7 los+ m & m ( x4 ,9 ! h\r ( p]il ! wat*man :o ought to h kept u awake 0 himself asleep1 & ! result 0 t we put up no fight at all on behalf ( our civilization4 pg #jae ,,*apt] ,,ii ,,h9drances ,,to ,,civilization ,,9 ,,our ,,economic ,,& ,,spiritual ,,life ,! unfree economic position ( ! mod]n man4 ,! undevelop$ condition ( ! mod]n man4 ,! mod]n man's want ( humanity4 ,! lack ( spiritual indep5d5ce 9 ! man ( to-day4 ,ev5 if ! abdication ( ?\ght has be51 z we h se51 ! decisive factor 9 ! collapse ( our civilization1 !re are yet a numb] ( o!r causes :i* comb9e ) x to h9d] our progress 9 ?is reg>d4 ,!y are to be f\nd 9 ! field ( spiritual z well z 9 t ( economic activity1 & dep5d1 above all1 on ! int]action betwe5 ! two1 an int]action :i* is unsatisfactory & cont9ually becom+ m s4 ,! capacity ( ! mod]n man = progress 9 civilization is dim9i%$ because ! circum/ances 9 :i* he f9ds himself plac$ injure him psy*ically & /unt 8 p]sonality4 ,! developm5t ( civilization comes ab\t--to put x q g5]ally--by individual m5 ?9k+ out ideals :i* aim at ! progress ( ! :ole1 & !n s fitt+ !m to ! realities ( life t pg #jaf !y assume ! %ape 9 :i* !y c influ5ce mo/ effectively ! circum/ances ( ! "t4 ,a man's ability to be a pione] ( progress1 t is1 to und]/& :at civilization is & to "w = x1 dep5ds1 !re=e1 on 8 be+ a ?9k] & on 8 be+ free4 ,he mu/ be ! =m] if he is to be capable ( compreh5d+ 8 ideals & putt+ !m into %ape4 ,he mu/ be free 9 ord] to be 9 a position to laun* 8 ideals out into ! g5]al life4 ,! m completely 8 activities are tak5 up 9 any way by ! /ruggle = exi/5ce1 ! m /rongly w ! impulse to improve 8 own condition f9d expression 9 ! ideals ( 8 ?\ght4 ,ideals ( self-int]e/ !n get mix$ up ) & spoil 8 ideals ( civilization4 ,mat]ial & spiritual fre$om are closely b\nd up ) "o ano!r4 ,civilization presupposes free m51 = only by free m5 c x be ?\ght out & br\ght to realization4 ,b among mank9d to-day bo? fre$om & ! capacity = ?\ght h be5 sadly dim9i%$4 ,if society _h s develop$ t a cont9ually wid5+ circle ( ! population c\ld enjoy a mode/1 b well-assur$1 condition ( com=t1 civilization w\ld h be5 mu* m help$ ?an x has be5 by all ! mat]ial conque/s :i* are laud$ 9 its "n4 ,^! d1 inde$1 make pg #jag mank9d z a :ole less dep5d5t ^u nature1 b at ! same "t !y dim9i% ! numb] ( free & indep5d5t lives4 ,! artisan :o 0 8 own ma/] becomes ! factory h& ?r\gh ! compulsion ( ma*9]y4 ,because 9 ! complicat$ bus9ess _w ( to-day only und]tak+s ) abundant capital beh9d !m c ma9ta9 _! exi/5ce1 ! place ( ! small1 indep5d5t deal] is be+ tak5 m & m completely by ! employee4 ,ev5 ! classes :i* /ill possess a l>g] or small] am\nt ( prop]ty or ma9ta9 a m or less indep5d5t activity get drawn m & m completely into ! /ruggle = exi/5ce because ( ! insecurity ( pres5t conditions "u ! economic sy/em ( to-day4 ,! lack ( fre$om :i* results is made worse /ill because ! factory sy/em creates cont9ually gr[+ agglom]ations ( p :o are !reby compulsorily sep>at$ f ! soil :i* fe$s !m1 f _! own homes & f nature4 ,h5ce comes s]i\s psy*ical injury4 ,!re is only too mu* tru? 9 ! p>adoxical say+ t abnormal life beg9s ) ! loss ( "o's own field & dwell+-place4 ,civilization is1 x is true1 fur!r$ to a c]ta9 ext5t by ! self-reg>d+ ideals produc$ by ! pg #jah gr\ps ( p :o unite & co-op]ate 9 def5ce ( _! simil>ly ?reat5$ int]e/s 9 s f> z !y seek to obta9 an improvem5t 9 _! mat]ial1 & !reby also 9 _! spiritual1 environm5t4 ,b ^! ideals are a dang] to ! idea ( civilization z su*1 because ! =m :i* !y assume is ei!r n at all1 or v imp]fectly1 det]m9$ by ! really univ]sal int]e/s ( ! community4 ,! consid]ation ( civilization z su* is held back by ! competition betwe5 ! v>i\s self-reg>d+ ideals :i* g "u its "n4 ,to ! want ( fre$om we h to add ! evil ( ov]work4 ,= two or ?ree g5]ations numb]s ( individuals h be5 liv+ z work]s m]ely1 n z human be+s4 ,:atev] c be said 9 a g5]al way ab\t ! moral & spiritual significance ( lab\r has no be>+ on :at !y h to d4 ,an excessive am\nt ( lab\r is ! rule to-day 9 e dep>tm5t ( indu/ry1 ) ! result t ! lab\r]'s spiritual elem5t _c possibly ?rive4 ,?is ov]work hits him indirectly ev5 9 8 *ildhood1 = 8 p>5ts1 caught 9 ! inexorable toils ( "w1 _c devote !mselves to 8 up-br++ z !y %\ld4 ,?us 8 developm5t is robb$ ( some?+ :i* c nev] be made good1 & lat] 9 life1 :5 he himself is ! slave ( ov]-long h\rs1 he feels m & pg #jai m ! ne$ ( ext]nal di/ractions4 ,to sp5d ! "t left to him = leisure 9 self-cultivation1 or 9 s]i\s int]c\rse ) 8 fell[s or ) books1 requires a m5tal collect$ness & a self-control :i* he f9ds v difficult4 ,complete idl5ess1 =getfulness1 & div]sion f 8 usual activities are a physical necessity4 ,he does n want to ?9k1 & seeks n self-improvem5t1 b ent]ta9m5t1 t k9d ( ent]ta9m5t1 moreov]1 :i* makes lea/ dem& ^u 8 spiritual faculties4 ,! m5tality ( ?is mass ( individuals1 spiritually relax$ & incapable ( self-collect$ness1 reacts ^u all ^? in/itutions :i* ought to s]ve ! cause ( culture1 & !re) ( civilization4 ,! !atre takes a second place beh9d ! pleasure resort or ! picture %[1 & ! in/ructive book beh9d ! div]t+ "o4 ,an ev] increas+ proportion ( p]iodicals & newspap]s h to accommodate !mselves to ! necessity ( putt+ _! matt] be=e _! read]s 9 ! %ape :i* lets x be assimilat$ mo/ easily4 ,a comp>ison ( ! av]age newspap]s ( to-day ) ^? ( fifty or sixty ye>s ago %[s h[ ?or\ghly su* publications h _h to *ange _! me?ods 9 ?is respect4 ,:5 once ! _s ( sup]ficiality has p5etrat$ pg #jbj into ! in/itutions :i* ought to su/a9 ! spiritual life1 ^! ex]cise on _! "p a reflex influ5ce on ! society :i* !y h br\ght to ?is condition1 & =ce on all alike ?is /ate ( m5tal vacuity4 ,h[ completely ?is want ( ?9k+ p[] has become a second nature 9 m5 to-day is %[n by ! k9d ( sociability :i* x produces4 ,:5 two ( !m meet = a conv]sation ea* is c>eful to see t _! talk does n g beyond g5]alities or develop into a real ex*ange ( ideas4 ,no "o has any?+ ( 8 own to give out1 & ev]yone is haunt$ by a sort ( t]ror le/ any?+ orig9al %\ld be dem&$ f him4 ,! _s produc$ 9 su* a society ( nev]-conc5trat$ m9ds is ris+ among u z an ev] gr[+ =ce1 & x results 9 a l[]$ conception ( :at man %\ld be4 ,9 ourselves1 z 9 o!rs we look = no?+ b vig\r 9 productive "w & resign ourselves to ! ab&onm5t ( any high] ideal4 ,:5 we consid] ?is want ( fre$om & ( m5tal conc5tration1 we see t ! conditions ( life = ! inhabitants ( our big cities are z unfav\rable z !y c\ld be4 ,naturally1 !n1 ^? inhabitants are 9 mo/ dang] on _! spiritual side4 ,x is d\btful :e!r big cities pg #jba h ev] be5 foci ( civilization 9 ! s5se t 9 !m !re has aris5 ! ideal ( a man well & truly develop$ z a spiritual p]sonality2 to-day1 at any rate1 ! condition ( ?+s is su* t true civilization ne$s to be rescu$ f ! _s t issues f !m & _! inhabitants4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b1 besides ! h9drance caus$ to civilization by ! mod]n man's lack ( fre$om & ( ! p[] ( m5tal conc5tration1 !re is a fur!r h9drance caus$ by 8 imp]fect developm5t4 ,! enorm\s increase ( human k & p[]1 9 specializ$ ?or\ghness z well z 9 ext5t1 necess>ily leads to individual activities be+ limit$ m & m to well-def9$ dep>tm5ts4 ,human lab\r is organiz$ & co-ord9at$ s t specialization may enable individuals to make ! highe/ & mo/ effective possible contribution4 ,! results obta9$ are amaz+1 b ! spiritual significance ( ! "w = ! work] suff]s4 ,!re is no call ^u ! :ole man1 only ^u "s ( 8 faculties1 & ?is has a reflex effect ^u 8 nature z a :ole4 ,! faculties :i* build up p]sonality & are call$ out by compreh5sive & v>i$ tasks are ou/$ by ! less compreh5sive ones1 :i* f ?is po9t ( view are1 9 ! pg #jbb g5]al s5se ( ! ^w1 less spiritual4 ,! artisan ( to-day does n und]/& 8 trade z a :ole 9 ! way 9 :i* 8 pr$ecessor did4 ,he no long] le>ns1 l ! latt]1 to "w ! wood or ! metal ?r\gh all ! /ages ( manufacture2 _m ( ^! /ages h already be5 c>ri$ out by m5 & ma*9es be=e ! mat]ial comes into 8 h&s4 ,consequ5tly 8 reflectiv5ess1 8 imag9ation1 & 8 skill are no long] call$ out by ev] v>y+ difficulties 9 ! "w1 & 8 creative & arti/ic p[]s are atrophi$4 ,9 place ( ! normal self-consci\sness :i* is promot$ by "w into ! do+ ( :i* he mu/ put 8 :ole p[] ( ?\ght & 8 :ole p]sonality1 !re comes a self-satisfaction :i* is cont5t ) a fragm5t>y ability :i*1 x may be admitt$1 is p]fect1 & ?is self-satisfaction is p]suad$ by its p]fection 9 ma/]+ details to ov]look its imp]fection 9 deal+ ) ! :ole4 ,9 all pr(essions1 mo/ cle>ly p]haps 9 ! pursuit ( sci5ce1 we c recognize ! spiritual dang] ) :i* specialization ?reat5s n only individuals1 b ! spiritual life ( ! community4 ,x is already noticeable1 too1 t education is c>ri$ on n[ by tea*]s :o h n a wide en\gh outlook to make _! s*ol>s und]/& ! int]connection ( ! individual sci5ces1 & pg #jbc to be able to give !m a m5tal horizon z wide z x %\ld be4 ,!n1 z if specialization & ! organization ( "w1 :]e x is unavoidable1 7 n already injuri\s en\gh to ! s\l ( ! mod]n man1 x is pursu$ & built up :]e x c\ld be disp5s$ )4 ,9 adm9i/ration1 9 education1 & 9 e k9d ( call+ ! natural sph]e ( activity is n>r[$ z f> z possible by rules & sup]9t5d5ce4 ,h[ mu* less free 9 _m c\ntries is ! elem5t>y s*ool tea*] ( to-day comp>$ ) :at he 0 once6 ,h[ lifeless & imp]sonal has 8 tea*+ become z a result ( all ^! limitations6 ,?us ?r\gh our me?ods ( "w we h suff]$ loss spiritually & z individuals j 9 proportion z ! mat]ial output ( our collective activity has increas$4 ,"h1 too1 is an illu/ration ( t tragic law :i* says t e ga9 br+s ) x1 someh[ or o!r1 a correspond+ loss4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b man to-day is 9 dang] n only ?r\gh 8 lack ( fre$om1 ( ! p[] ( m5tal conc5tration1 & ( ! opportunity = all-r\nd developm5t3 he is 9 dang] ( los+ 8 humanity4 ,! normal attitude ( man to man is made v pg #jbd difficult = u4 ,ow+ to ! hurry 9 :i* we live1 to ! increas$ facilities = int]c\rse1 & to ! necessity = liv+ & work+ ) _m o!rs 9 an ov]cr[d$ locality1 we meet ea* o!r cont9ually1 & 9 ! mo/ v>i$ relations1 z /rang]s4 ,our circum/ances d n all[ u to deal ) ea* o!r z man to man1 = ! limitations plac$ ^u ! activities ( ! natural man are s g5]al & s unbrok5 t we get accu/om$ to !m1 & no long] feel our me*anical1 imp]sonal int]c\rse to be some?+ t is unnatural4 ,we no long] feel uncom=table t 9 su* a numb] ( situations we c no long] be m5 among m51 & at la/ we give up try+ to be s1 ev5 :5 x w\ld be possible & prop]4 ,9 ?is respect1 too1 ! s\l ( ! t[nsman is influ5c$ mo/ unfav\rably by 8 circum/ances1 & t influ5ce1 9 its turn1 works mo/ unfav\rably on ! m5tality ( society4 ,?us we t5d to =get our relation%ip ) our fell[s1 & are on ! pa? t[>ds inhumanity4 ,:]ev] !re is lo/ ! consci\sness t e man is an object ( conc]n = u j because he is man1 civilization & morals are %ak51 & ! advance to fully develop$ inhumanity is only a "q ( "t4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! mo/ utt]ly inhuman pg #jbe ?\ghts h be5 curr5t among u = two g5]ations pa/ 9 all ! ugly cle>ness ( language & ) ! au?ority ( logical pr9ciples4 ,!re has be5 creat$ a social m5tality :i* disc\rages humanity 9 individuals4 ,! c\rtesy produc$ by natural feel+ disappe>s1 & 9 its place comes a behavi\r :i* %[s entire indiff]5ce1 ev5 ?\gh x is deck$ out m or less ?or\ghly 9 a code ( mann]s4 ,! /&(fi%ness & want ( sympa?y :i* are %[n s cle>ly 9 e way to /rang]s are no long] felt z be+ really rud5ess1 b pass = ! behavi\r ( ! man ( ! _w4 ,our society has also ceas$ to all[ to all m51 z su*1 a human value & a human dignity2 _m sections ( ! human race h become m]ely raw mat]ial & prop]ty 9 human =m4 ,we h talk$ = decades ) ev] increas+ light-m9d$ness ab\t w> & conque/1 z if ^! 7 m]ely op]ations on a *ess-bo>d2 h[ 0 ?is possible save z ! result ( a tone ( m9d :i* no long] pictur$ to itself ! fate ( individuals1 b ?\ght ( !m only z figures or objects belong+ to ! mat]ial _w8 ,:5 ! w> broke out ! inhumanity )9 u _h a free c\rse4 ,& :at an am\nt ( insult+ /uff1 "s dec5tly veil$1 "s op5ly co>se1 ab\t ! col\r$ races1 has made its appe>ance dur+ ! la/ decades1 & pass$ = tru? & pg #jbf reason1 9 our colonial lit]ature & our p>liam5ts1 & s become an elem5t 9 g5]al public op9ion6 ,tw5ty ye>s ago !re 0 a discussion 9 "o ( our ,cont95tal p>liam5ts ab\t "s deport$ negroes :o _h be5 all[$ to die ( hung] & ?ir/2 & !re 0 no prote/ or comm5t :51 9 a /atem5t f ! tribune1 x 0 said t !y 8_h be5 lo/0 78e+egang50 or 8crv071 z ?\gh x 7 a "q ( cattle6 ,9 ! education & ! s*ool books ( to-day ! duty ( humanity is relegat$ to an obscure corn]1 z ?\gh x 7 no long] true t x is ! fir/ ?+ necess>y 9 ! tra9+ ( p]sonality1 & z if x 7 n a matt] ( great importance to ma9ta9 x z a /rong influ5ce 9 our human race aga9/ ! influ5ce ( out] circum/ances4 ,x has n be5 s always4 ,!re 0 a "t :5 x 0 a rul+ influ5ce n only 9 s*ools1 b 9 lit]ature1 ev5 d[n to ! book ( adv5tures4 ,defoe's h]o1 ,rob9son ,crusoe1 is cont9ually reflect+ on ! subject ( humane conduct1 & he feels himself s responsible = loyalty to ?is duty t :5 def5d+ himself he is cont9ually ?9k+ h[ he c sacrifice ! smalle/ numb] ( human lives2 he is s fai?ful1 inde$1 to ?is duty ( humanity1 t ! /ory ( 8 adv5tures acquires !reby q a peculi> "*4 ,is pg #jbg !re among works ( ?is k9d to-day a s+le "o 9 :i* we %all f9d any?+ l x8 99 99 99 99 99 ,ano!r h9drance to civilization to-day is ! ov]-organization ( our public life4 ,:ile x is c]ta9 t a prop]ly ord]$ environm5t is ! condition &1 at ! same "t1 ! result ( civilization1 x is also und5iable t1 aft] a c]ta9 po9t has be5 rea*$1 ext]nal organization is develop$ at ! exp5se ( spiritual life4 ,p]sonality & ideas are !n subord9at$ to in/itutions1 :5 x is really ^! :i* ought to influ5ce ! latt] & keep !m inw>dly alive4 ,if a compreh5sive organization is e/abli%$ 9 any dep>tm5t ( social life1 ! results are at fir/ magnific5t1 b aft] a "t !y fall (f4 ,x is ! already exi/+ res\rces :i* are realiz$ at ! />t1 b lat] on ! de/ructive influ5ce ( su* organization on :at is liv+ & orig9al is cle>ly se5 9 its natural results1 & ! m consi/5tly ! organization is enl>g$1 ! m /rongly its effect is felt 9 ! repression ( creative & spiritual activity4 ,!re are mod]n ,/ates :i* _c recov] ei!r economically or spiritually f ! p>alys+ effects ( a conc5tration :i* dates f a v e>ly p]iod ( _! hi/ory4 pg #jbh ,! conv]sion ( a wood into a p>k & its ma9t5ance z su* may be a /ep t[>ds c>ry+ out sev]al diff]5t objects1 b x is all ov] !n ) ! ri* vegetation :i* w\ld assure its future condition 9 nature's own way4 ,political1 religi\s & economic associations aim to-day at =m+ !mselves 9 su* a way z w comb9e ! greate/ possible inn] cohesion ) ! highe/ possible degree ( ext]nal activity4 ,con/itution1 discipl9e1 & ev]y?+ t belongs to adm9i/ration are br\ght to a p]fection hi!rto unkn[n4 ,!y atta9 _! object1 b j 9 proportion z !y d s ^! c5tres ( activity cease to "w z liv+ organizations1 & come m & m to resemble p]fect$ ma*9es4 ,_! inn] life loses 9 ri*ness & v>iety because ! p]sonalities ( :i* !y are compos$ mu/ ne$s decay 9 "*4 ,our :ole spiritual life n[adays has its c\rse )9 organizations4 ,f *ildhood up ! man ( to-day has 8 m9d s full ( ! ?\ght ( discipl9e t he loses ! s5se ( 8 own individuality & c only see himself z ?9k+ 9 ! _s ( "s gr\p or o!r ( 8 fell[s4 ,a ?or\gh discussion betwe5 "o idea & ano!r or betwe5 "o man & ano!r1 su* z con/itut$ ! greatness ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 is nev] met pg #jbi ) n[4 ,b at t "t fe> ( public op9ion 0 a ?+ unkn[n4 ,all ideas _h !n to ju/ify !mselves to ! individual reason4 ,to-day x is ! rule--& no "o que/ions x--always to take into acc\nt ! views :i* prevail 9 organiz$ society4 ,! individual />ts by tak+ x = grant$ t bo? = himself & 8 neighb\rs !re are c]ta9 views already e/abli%$ :i* !y _c hope to alt]1 views :i* are det]m9$ by nationality1 cre$1 political p>ty1 social position1 & o!r elem5ts 9 "o's surr\nd+s4 ,^! views are protect$ by a k9d ( taboo1 & are n only kept sacr$ f criticism1 b are n a legitimate subject ( conv]sation4 ,?is k9d ( int]c\rse1 9 :i* we mutually abjure our natural quality z ?9k+ be+s1 is euphemi/ically describ$ z respect = o!r p's convictions1 z if !re c\ld be any convictions at all :]e !re is no ?\ght4 ,! mod]n man is lo/ 9 ! mass 9 a way :i* is )\t prec$5t 9 hi/ory1 & ?is is p]haps ! mo/ *>act]i/ic trait 9 him4 ,8 dim9i%$ conc]n ab\t 8 own nature makes him z x is susceptible1 to an ext5t t is almo/ pa?ological1 to ! views :i* society & its organs ( expression h put1 ready made1 into circulation4 ,s9ce1 ov] & above ?is1 society1 pg #jcj ) its well-con/ruct$ organization1 has become a p[] ( z yet unkn[n /r5g? 9 ! spiritual life1 man's want ( indep5d5ce 9 ! face ( x has become s s]i\s t he is almo/ ceas+ to claim a spiritual exi/5ce ( 8 own4 ,he is l a rubb] ball :i* has lo/ its ela/icity1 & pres]ves indef9itely e impression t is made ^u x4 ,he is "u ! ?umb ( ! mass1 & he draws f x ! op9ions on :i* he lives1 :e!r ! "q at issue is national or political or "o ( 8 own belief or unbelief4 ,yet ?is abnormal subjection to ext]nal influ5ces does n /rike him z be+ a weakness4 ,he looks ^u x z an a*ievem5t1 & 9 8 unlimit$ spiritual devotion to ! int]e/s ( ! community he ?9ks he is pres]v+ ! greatness ( ! mod]n man4 ,he int5tionally exagg]ates our natural social in/9cts into some?+ fanta/ically great4 ,x is j because we ?us r5\nce ! indefeasible rights ( ! individual t our race c nei!r produce new ideas nor make curr5t ones s]viceable = new objects2 its only exp]i5ce is t prevail+ ideas obta9 m & m au?ority1 take on a m & m "o-sid$ developm5t1 & live on till !y h produc$ _! la/ & mo/ dang]\s consequ5ces4 ,?us we h ent]$ on a new m$ival p]iod4 pg #jca ,! g5]al det]m9ation ( society has put fre$om ( ?\ght out ( fa%ion1 because ! majority r5\nce ! privilege ( ?9k+ z free p]sonalities1 & let !mselves be guid$ 9 ev]y?+ by ^? :o belong to ! v>i\s gr\ps & cliques4 ,spiritual fre$om1 !n1 we %all recov] only :5 ! majority ( individuals become once m spiritually indep5d5t & self-reliant1 & discov] _! natural & prop] relation to ^? organizations 9 :i* _! s\ls h be5 entangl$4 ,b lib]ation f ! ,middle ,ages ( to-day w be a mu* m difficult process ?an t :i* fre$ ! peoples ( ,europe f ! fir/ ,middle ,ages4 ,! /ruggle !n 0 aga9/ ext]nal au?ority e/abli%$ 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory4 ,to-day ! task is to get ! mass ( individuals to "w !mselves out ( ! condition ( spiritual weakness & dep5d5ce to :i* !y h br\ght !mselves4 ,c\ld !re be a h>d] task8 ,moreov]1 no "o z yet cle>ly p]ceives :at a condition ( spiritual pov]ty is ours to-day4 ,e ye> ! spread ( op9ions :i* h no ?\ght beh9d !m is c>ri$ fur!r by ! masses1 & ! me?ods ( ?is process h be5 s p]fect$1 & h met ) su* a ready welcome1 t our pg #jcb confid5ce 9 be+ able to raise to ! dignity ( public op9ion ! sillie/ ( /atem5ts1 :]ev] x seems necess>y to get !m curr5tly accept$1 has no ne$ to ju/ify itself be=e act+4 ,dur+ ! w> ! control ( ?\ght 0 made complete4 ,propag&a def9itely took ! place ( tru?4 ,) indep5d5ce ( ?\ght ?r[n ov]bo>d1 we h1 z 0 inevitable1 lo/ our fai? 9 tru?4 ,our spiritual life is disorganiz$1 = ! ov]-organization ( our ext]nal environm5t leads to ! organization ( our abs5ce ( ?\ght4 ,n only 9 ! intellectual sph]e1 b 9 ! moral also1 ! relation betwe5 ! individual & ! community has be5 upset4 ,) ! surr5d] ( 8 own p]sonal op9ion ! mod]n man surr5d]s also 8 p]sonal moral judgm5t4 ,9 ord] t he may f9d good :at ! mass decl>es to be su*1 :e!r 9 ^w or de$1 & may condemn :at x decl>es to be bad1 he suppresses ! scruples :i* /ir 9 him4 ,he does n all[ !m to f9d utt]ance ei!r ) o!rs or ) himself4 ,!re are no /umbl+-blocks :i* 8 feel+ ( unity ) ! h]d does n enable him to surm\nt1 & ?us he loses 8 judgm5t 9 t ( ! mass1 & 8 own morality 9 !irs4 ,above all1 he is ?us made capable ( excus+ pg #jcc ev]y?+ t is mean+less1 cruel1 unju/1 or bad 9 ! behavi\r ( 8 nation4 ,unconsci\sly to !mselves1 ! majority ( ! memb]s ( our b>b>ian civilis$ ,/ates give less & less "t to reflection z moral p]sonalities1 s t !y may n be cont9ually com+ into inn] conflict ) _! fell[s z a body1 & cont9ually hav+ to get ov] ?+s :i* !y feel to be wrong4 ,public op9ion helps !m by popul>iz+ ! idea t ! actions ( ! community are n to be judg$ s mu* by ! /&>ds ( morality z by ^? ( exp$i5cy1 b !y suff] injury to _! s\ls4 ,if we f9d among m5 ( to-day only too few ^: human & moral s5sibility is /ill undamag$1 ! *ief reason is t ! majority h (f]$ up _! p]sonal morality on ! alt> ( _! c\ntry1 in/ead ( rema9+ at v>iance ) ! mass & act+ z a =ce :i* impels ! latt] along ! road to p]fection4 ,n only betwe5 ! economic & ! spiritual1 !n1 b also betwe5 ! mass ( m5 & individuals1 !re has develop$ a condition ( unfav\rable action & reaction4 ,9 ! days ( rationalism & s]i\s philosophy ! individual got help & support f society ?r\gh ! g5]al confid5ce 9 ! victory ( ! rational & moral1 :i* society nev] fail$ to ackn[l$ge pg #jcd z some?+ :i* expla9$ & ju/ifi$ itself4 ,individuals 7 !n c>ri$ along by ! mass2 we are /ifl$ by x4 ,! bankruptcy ( ! civiliz$ ,/ate1 :i* becomes m manife/ e decade1 is ru9+ ! man ( to-day4 ,! demoralization ( ! individual by ! mass is 9 full sw+4 ,! man ( to-day pursues 8 d>k j\rney 9 a "t ( d>kness1 z "o :o has no fre$om1 no m5tal collect$ness1 no all-r\nd developm5t1 z "o :o loses himself 9 an atmosph]e ( inhumanity1 :o surr5d]s 8 spiritual indep5d5ce & 8 moral judgm5t to ! organiz$ society 9 :i* he lives1 & :o f9ds himself 9 e direction up aga9/ h9drances to ! temp] ( true civilization4 ,( ! dang]\s position 9 :i* he is plac$ philosophy has no und]/&+1 & !re=e makes no attempt to help him4 ,%e does n ev5 urge him to reflection on :at is happ5+ to himself4 ,! t]rible tru? t ) ! progress ( hi/ory & ! economic developm5t ( ! _w x is becom+ n easi]1 b h>d]1 to develop true civilization1 has nev] f\nd utt]ance4 pg #jce ,,*apt] ,,iii ,,civilization ,,ess5tially ,,e?ical ,,9 ,,"* ,:at is civilization8 ,orig9 ( ! une?ical conception ( civilization4 ,our s5se ( reality4 ,our hi/orical s5se4 ,nationalism4 ,national civilization4 ,our mislead+ tru/ 9 facts & organization4 ,! true s5se = reality4 ,?is "q ought to h be5 press+ itself on ! att5tion ( all m5 :o consid] !mselves civiliz$1 b x is rem>kable t 9 ! _w's lit]ature g5]ally "o h>dly f9ds t x has be5 put at all until to-day1 & /ill m r>ely is any answ] giv54 ,x 0 suppos$ t !re 0 no ne$ = a def9ition ( civilization1 s9ce we already possess$ ! ?+ itself4 ,if ! "q 0 ev] t\*$ ^u1 x 0 consid]$ to be suffici5tly settl$ ) ref]5ces to hi/ory & ! pres5t day4 ,b n[1 :5 ev5ts are br++ u inexorably to ! consci\sness t we live 9 a dang]\s m$ley ( civilization & b>b>ism1 we mu/1 :e!r we wi% to or n1 try to det]m9e ! nature ( true civilization4 ,= a q g5]al def9ition we may say t civilization is progress1 mat]ial & spiritual progress1 on ! "p ( individuals z ( ! mass4 pg #jcf ,9 :at does x consi/8 ,fir/ ( all 9 a less5+ ( ! /ra9 impos$ on individuals & on ! mass by ! /ruggle = exi/5ce4 ,! e/abli%m5t ( z fav\rable conditions ( liv+ z possible = all is a dem& :i* mu/ be made p>tly = its own sake1 p>tly ) a view to ! spiritual & moral p]fect+ ( individuals1 :i* is ! ultimate object ( civilization4 ,! /ruggle = exi/5ce is a d\ble "o3 man has to ass]t himself 9 nature & aga9/ nature1 & simil>ly also among 8 fell[-m5 & aga9/ !m4 ,a dim9ution ( ! /ruggle is secur$ by /r5g!n+ ! supremacy ( reason ov] bo? ext]nal nature & human nature1 & mak+ x subs]ve z accurately z possible ! ends propos$4 ,civilization is !n tw(old 9 its nature3 x realizes itself 9 ! supremacy ( reason1 fir/1 ov] ! =ces ( nature1 &1 secondly1 ov] ! dispositions ( m54 ,:i* ( ^! k9ds ( progress is mo/ truly progress 9 civilization8 ,! latt]1 ?\gh x is ! lea/ op5 to obs]vation4 ,:y8 ,= two reasons4 ,fir/1 ! supremacy :i* we secure by reason ov] ext]nal nature repres5ts n unqualifi$ progress1 b a progress :i* br+s ) its advantages also disadvantages :i* may "w 9 ! direction ( b>b>ism4 ,! reason :y ! economic circum/ances ( our "t endang] our civilization is to be s\ght = p>tly 9 ! fact t we h press$ pg #jcg into our s]vice natural =ces :i* c be embodi$ 9 ma*9es4 ,b ) t !re mu/ be su* a supremacy ( reason ov] ! dispositions ( m5 t !y1 & ! nations :i* !y =m1 w n use aga9/ "o ano!r ! p[] :i* ! control ( ^! =ces gives !m1 & ?us plunge "o ano!r into a /ruggle = exi/5ce :i* is f> m t]rible ?an t betwe5 m5 9 a /ate ( nature4 ,a normal claim to be civiliz$ c1 !n1 only be reckon$ z valid :5 x recognizes ?is di/9ction betwe5 :at is ess5tial 9 civilization & :at is n4 ,bo? k9ds ( progress c1 inde$1 be call$ spiritual 9 ! s5se t !y bo? re/ ^u a spiritual activity 9 man1 yet we may call ! supremacy ov] natural =ces mat]ial progress because 9 x mat]ial objects are ma/]$ & turn$ to man's use4 ,! supremacy ( reason ov] human dispositions1 on ! o!r h&1 is a spiritual a*ievem5t 9 ano!r s5se1 9 t x means ! work+ ( _s ^u _s1 i4e41 ( "o section ( ! p[] ( reflexion ^u ano!r section ( x4 ,& :at is meant by ! supremacy ( ! reason ov] human dispositions8 ,x means t bo? individuals & ! mass let _! will+ be det]m9$ by ! mat]ial & spiritual good ( ! :ole & ! individuals t compose x2 t pg #jch is to say1 _! actions are e?ical4 ,e?ical progress is1 !n1 t :i* is truly ( ! ess5ce ( civilization1 & has only "o significance2 mat]ial progress is t :i* is n ( ! ess5tial at all1 & may h a tw(old effect on ! developm5t ( civilization4 ,?is moral conception ( civilization w /rike "s p z rationali/ic & old-fa%ion$4 ,x accords bett] ) ! _s ( our times to conceive ( civilization z a natural manife/ation ( life 9 ! c\rse ( human evolution1 b "o ) mo/ int]e/+ complications4 ,we are conc]n$1 h[ev]1 n ) :at is +5i\s1 b ) :at is true4 ,9 ?is case ! simple is ! true--! inconv5i5t tru? ) :i* x is our labori\s task to deal4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! attempts to di/+ui% betwe5 civilization z :at ! ,g]mans call 8,kultur0 & civilization z m]e mat]ial progress aim at mak+ ! _w famili> ) ! idea ( an une?ical =m ( civilization side by side ) ! e?ical1 & at clo?+ ! =m] ) a ^w ( hi/orical mean+4 ,b no?+ 9 ! hi/ory ( ! ^w 8civilization0 ju/ifies su* attempts4 ,! ^w1 z commonly us$ hi!rto1 means ! same z ! ,g]man 8,kultur01 viz41 ! developm5t ( man to a /ate ( high] organization & a high] pg #jci moral /&>d4 ,"s languages pref] "o ^w2 o!rs pref] ! o!r4 ,! ,g]man usually speaks ( 8,kultur01 ! ,fr5*man usually ( 8civilisation01 b ! e/abli%m5t ( a diff]5ce betwe5 !m is ju/ifi$ nei!r philologically nor hi/orically4 ,we c speak ( e?ical & une?ical 8,kultur0 or ( e?ical & une?ical 8civilisation01 b n ( 8,kultur0 & 8civilisation04 ,b h[ did x come ab\t t we lo/ ! idea t ! e?ical has a decisive mean+ & value z "p ( civilization8 ,all attempts at civilization hi!rto h be5 a matt] ( processes 9 :i* ! =ces ( progress 7 at "w 9 almo/ e dep>tm5t ( life4 ,great a*ievem5ts 9 art1 ar*itecture1 adm9i/ration1 economics1 indu/ry1 comm]ce1 & colonization succe$$ ea* o!r ) a spiritual impetus :i* produc$ a high] conception ( ! univ]se4 ,any ebb ( ! tide ( civilization made itself felt 9 ! mat]ial sph]e z well z 9 ! e?ical & spiritual1 e>li]1 z a rule1 9 ! =m] ?an 9 ! latt]4 ,?us 9 ,greek civilization !re set 9 z e>ly z ! "t ( ,ari/otle an incompreh5sible arre/ ( sci5ce & political a*ievem5t1 :]eas ! e?ical movem5t only rea*$ its completion 9 ! foll[+ c5turies 9 t great "w ( education :i* 0 und]tak5 9 ! anci5t pg #jdj _w by ! ,/oic philosophy4 ,9 ! ,*9ese1 ,indian & ,jewi% civilizations ability 9 deal+ ) mat]ial ?+s 0 f ! />t1 & always rema9$1 at a l[] level ?an ! spiritual & e?ical ef=ts ( ^! races4 ,9 ! movem5t ( civilization :i* began ) ! ,r5aissance1 !re 7 bo? mat]ial & spiritual-e?ical =ces ( progress at "w side by side1 z ?\gh 9 rivalry ) ea* o!r1 & ?is cont9u$ d[n to ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,!n1 h[ev]1 some?+ unprec$5t$ happ5$3 man's e?ical en]gy di$ away1 :ile ! conque/s a*iev$ by 8 _s 9 ! mat]ial sph]e increas$ by leaps & b\nds4 ,?us = sev]al decades our civilization enjoy$ ! great advantages ( its mat]ial progress :ile z yet x h>dly felt ! consequ5ces ( ! dy+ d[n ( ! e?ical movem5t4 ,p liv$ on 9 ! conditions produc$4 ,by t movem5t )\t see+ cle>ly t _! position 0 no long] a t5able "o & prep>+ to face ! /orm t 0 brew+ 9 ! relations betwe5 ! nations & )9 ! nations !mselves4 ,9 ?is way our own age1 hav+ nev] tak5 ! tr\ble to reflect1 arriv$ at ! op9ion t civilization consi/s prim>ily 9 sci5tific1 te*nical & arti/ic a*ievem5ts1 & t x c rea* its goal )\t e?ics1 or1 at any rate1 ) a m9imum ( !m4 pg #jda ,public op9ion b[$ d[n be=e ?is m]ely ext]nal conception ( civilization because x 0 exclusively repres5t$ by p]sons ^: position 9 society & sci5tific culture seem$ to %[ !m to be compet5t to judge 9 matt]s ( ! spiritual life4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at 0 ! result ( our giv+ up ! e?ical conception ( civilization1 & !re) all attempts to br+ reason$ e?ical ideals into effective relation ) reality8 ,x 0 t in/ead ( us+ ?\ght to produce ideals :i* fitt$ 9 ) reality1 we left reality )\t any ideals at all4 ,in/ead ( discuss+ toge!r ! ess5tial elem5ts1 su* z population1 ,/ate1 ,*ur*1 society1 progress1 :i* decide ! "* ( our social developm5t & t ( mank9d g5]ally1 we cont5t$ ourselves ) />t+ f :at is giv5 by exp]i5ce4 ,only =ces & t5d5cies :i* 7 already at "w 7 to be consid]$4 ,fundam5tal tru?s & convictions :i* ought to produce logical or e?ical compulsion we w\ld no long] ackn[l$ge4 ,we refus$ to believe t any ideas c\ld be applicable to reality except ^? d]iv$ f exp]i5ce4 ,?us ideals :i* _h be5 kn[+ly & int5tionally l[]$ dom9at$ our spiritual life & ! :ole _w4 pg #jdb ,h[ we glorifi$ our practical common-s5se1 :i* 0 to give u su* p[] 9 deal+ ) ! _w6 ,yet we 7 behav+1 really1 l boys :o give !mselves up exult+ly to ! =ces ( nature & :izz d[n a hill on _! toboggan )\t ask+ !mselves :e!r !y w be able to /e] _! vehicle successfully :5 !y come to ! next b5d or ! next unexpect$ ob/acle4 ,x is only a conviction :i* is bas$ ^u reason$ e?ical ideals t is capable ( produc+ free activity1 i4e41 activity delib]ately plann$ ) a view to its object4 ,9 proportion z ideals tak5 f ! workaday _w are comb9$ ) x1 reality influ5ces reality4 ,b !n ! human s\l acts m]ely z an ag5t ( debas+ *ange4 ,ev5ts :i* are to produce practical results )9 u are work$ ^u & m\ld$ by our m5tality4 ,?is m5tality has a c]ta9 "*1 & on t "* dep5ds ! nature ( ^? value-judgm5ts :i* rule our relation to facts4 ,normally ?is "* is to be f\nd 9 ! reason$ ideas :i* our reflection ^u reality br+s into exi/5ce4 ,if ^! disappe> !re is n left a void 9 :i* 8ev5ts 9 !mselves0 c affect u1 b ! control ( our m5tality passes n[ to ! op9ions & feel+s :i* hi!rto h be5 rul$ & kept "u by our reason$ ideas4 ,:5 ! virg9 =e/ is cut d[n1 bru%wood pg #jdc spr+s up :]e ! big trees 7 =m]ly4 ,:5ev] our great convictions are de/roy$ _! place is tak5 by small] ones :i* c>ry out 9 inf]ior fa%ion ! functions ( ! =m]4 ,) ! giv+ up ( e?ical ideals :i* accompanies our passion = reality our practical effici5cy is n1 !re=e1 improv$1 b dim9i%$4 ,x does n make ! man ( to-day a cool obs]v] & calculator su* z he supposes himself to be1 = he is "u ! influ5ce ( op9ions & emotions :i* are creat$ 9 him by facts4 ,all unconsci\sly he mixes ) :at is ! "w ( 8 reason s mu* ( :at is emotional t ! "o spoils ! o!r4 ,)9 ?is circle move ! judgm5ts & impulses ( our society1 :e!r we deal ) ! l>ge/ que/ions or ! smalle/4 ,individuals & nations alike1 we deal indiscrim9ately ) real & imag9>y values1 & x is j ?is confus$ m$ley ( real & unreal1 ( sob] ?\ght & capacity = en?usiasm = ! unmean+1 t makes ! m5tality ( ! mod]n man s puzzl+ & s dang]\s4 ,our s5se ( reality1 !n1 means ?is1 t1 z a result ( emotional & %ort-sight$ calculations ( advantage1 we let "o fact issue imm$iately 9 ano!r1 & s on indef9itely4 ,z we are n consci\sly aim+ at any def9itely plann$ goal1 our activity may really be describ$ z a k9d ( natural happ5+4 pg #jdd ,we react to facts 9 ! mo/ irrational way4 ,)\t plan or f\ndations we build our future into ! circum/ances ( ! "t & leave x expos$ to ! de/ructive effects ( ! *aotic jo/l+ t goes on among/ !m4 8,firm gr\nd at la/06 we cry1 & s9k helpless 9 ! /ream ( ev5ts4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! bl9dness ) :i* we endure ?is fate is made worse by our belief 9 our hi/orical s5se1 :i*1 9 ?is connection1 is no?+ else ?an our s5se ( reality prolong$ backw>ds4 ,we believe ourselves to be a critical g5]ation :i*1 ?anks to its ?or\gh k ( ! pa/1 is 9 a position to und]/& ! direction :i* ev5ts are de/9$ to take f ! pres5t to ! future4 ,we add to ! ideals :i* h be5 tak5 f exi/+ reality o!rs :i* we borr[ f hi/ory4 ,! a*ievem5ts ( hi/orical sci5ce rea*$ by ! n9ete5? c5tury d1 inde$1 des]ve our admiration1 b x is ano!r "q :e!r our g5]ation1 = all its possession ( an hi/orical sci5ce1 possesses a true hi/orical s5se4 ,hi/orical s5se1 9 ! full mean+ ( ! t]m1 implies a critical objectivity 9 ! face ( f>-(f & rec5t ev5ts alike4 ,to keep ?is faculty free f ! bias ( op9ions & int]e/s :5 we are pg #jde e/imat+ facts is a p[] :i* ev5 our hi/orians d n possess4 ,z long z !y are deal+ ) a p]iod s remote t x has no be>+ on ! pres5t !y are critical s f> z ! views ( ! s*ool to :i* !y belong all[ x4 ,b if ! pa/ /&s 9 any real connection ) 8to-day01 we c p]ceive at once 9 _! e/imate ! influ5ce ( _! p>ticul> /&po9t1 rational1 religi\s1 social or economic4 ,x is significant t :ile dur+ ! la/ few decades ! le>n+ ( our hi/orians has1 no d\bt1 increas$1 _! critical objectivity has n4 ,previ\s inve/igators kept ?is ideal be=e _! eyes 9 mu* great] purity ?an h ^? ( to-day2 we h gone s f> t we no long] s]i\sly make ! dem& t 9 sci5tific deal+s ) ! pa/ !re %all be a suppression ( all prejudices :i* spr+ f nationality or cre$4 ,x is q common n[adays to see ! greate/ le>n+ b\nd up ) ! /ronge/ bias4 ,9 our hi/orical lit]ature ! highe/ positions are occupi$ by works writt5 ) propag&i/ aims4 ,s little educative influ5ce has sci5ce _h on our hi/orians t !y h (t5 esp\s$ z passionately z anyone ! op9ions ( _! own p in/ead ( call+ ! latt] to a ?\ghtful e/imate ( ! facts1 z 0 _! duty to _! pr(ession2 !y h rema9$ no?+ b m5 pg #jdf ( le>n+4 ,!y h n ev5 />t$ on ! task = :i* !y ent]$ ! s]vice ( civilization1 & ! hopes ( civilization1 :i* 9 ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury re/$ on ! rise ( a sci5ce ( hi/ory1 h be5 z little fulfill$ z ^? :i* 7 b\nd up ) ! dem& = national ,/ates & democratic =ms ( gov]nm5t4 ,! g5]ation t has be5 br\ght up by tea*]s su* z ^! has naturally n mu* idea ( an elevat$ or active conception ( ev5ts4 ,accurately view$1 its *>act]i/ic feature is n s mu* t we und]/& our pa/ bett] ?an e>li] g5]ations und]/ood !irs1 b r t we attribute to ! pa/ an extraord9>ily increas$ mean+ = ! pres5t4 ,n[ & aga9 we actually sub/itute x = ! latt]4 ,x is n en\gh = u t :at has be5 is pres5t 9 its results 9 :at n[ is2 we want to h x always ) u1 & to feel ourselves det]m9$ by x4 ,9 ?is ef=t to be cont9ually exp]i5c+ our hi/orical process ( becom+1 & to ackn[l$ge x1 we replace our normal relation to ! pa/ by an artificial "o1 & wi%+ to f9d )9 ! pa/ ! :ole ( our pres5t1 we misuse x 9 ord] to d$uce f x1 & to legitimize by an appeal to x1 our claims1 our op9ions1 our feel+s & our passions4 ,"u ! v eyes ( our hi/orical le>n+ !re spr+s up a manufactur$ hi/ory = popul> use1 pg #jdg 9 :i* ! curr5t national & confessional ideas are unres]v$ly approv$ & upheld1 & our s*ool hi/ory books become regul> culture b$s ( hi/orical lies4 ,! misuse ( hi/ory is a necessity = u4 ,! ideas & dispositions :i* rule u _c be ju/ifi$ by reason2 no?+ is left = u b to give !m f\ndations 9 hi/ory4 ,x is significant t we h no real int]e/ 9 :at is valuable 9 ! pa/4 ,its great spiritual a*ievem5ts are me*anically regi/]$1 b we d n let ourselves be t\*$ by !m4 ,/ill less d we accept !m z a h]itage2 no?+ has any value = u except :at c be squ>$ ) our plans1 passions1 feel+s1 & /hetic moods ( to-day4 ,) ^! we live ourselves by lies into ! pa/1 & !n ass]t ) un%ak5 assurance t we h our roots 9 x4 ,?is is ! "* ( ! rev]5ce we pay to hi/ory4 ,bl9d$ by :at we consid] or decl>e to be pa/ & done )1 we lose all s5se = :at is to happ51 s t ( no?+ c we say3 8,x is f9i%$10 no?+ n[ gets accompli%$4 ,aga9 & aga9 we let :at is pa/ rise up artificially 9 :at is pres5t1 & end[ bygone facts ) a p]si/5ce ( be+ :i* makes :olly impossible ! normal developm5t ( our peoples4 ,j z our s5se ( reality makes u lose ourselves 9 pg #jdh pres5t-day ev5ts1 s does our hi/orical compel u to d ! same 9 ^? ( ! pa/4 99 99 99 99 99 ,f ^! two ?+s1 our s5se ( reality & our hi/orical s5se1 is born ! nationalism to :i* we mu/ ref] ! ext]nal cata/rophe 9 :i* ! decad5ce ( our civilization f9ds its completion4 ,:at is nationalism8 ,x is an ignoble patriotism1 exagg]at$ till x has lo/ all mean+1 :i* be>s ! same relation to ! noble & heal?y k9d z ! fix$ idea ( an imbecile does to normal conviction4 ,h[ does x develop among u8 ,ab\t ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ! c\rse ( ?\ght gave ! national ,/ate its rightful position1 />t+ = ?is f ! axiom t x1 z a natural & homog5e\s organism1 0 bett] calculat$ ?an any o!r to make ! ideal ( ! civiliz$ ,/ate a work+ reality4 ,9 ,fi*te's addresses to ! ,g]man nation ! nation-,/ate is summon$ to ! b> ( ! moral reason & le>ns t x has to submit 9 all ?+s to ! latt]4 ,x gives ! necess>y promise & /raightway receives a commission to br+ ! civiliz$ ,/ate into exi/5ce4 ,x is giv5 emphatically to und]/& t x mu/ recognize z its highe/ task ! pg #jdi cont9u\s & /eady developm5t ( ! purely human elem5t 9 ! nation's life4 ,x is to seek greatness by repres5t+ ! ideas :i* c br+ heal+ to ! nations4 ,its citiz5s are urg$ to %[ _! memb]%ip ( x n ?r\gh ! l[]1 b ?r\gh ! high]1 patriotism1 t is1 n to ov]value its ext]nal greatness & p[]1 b to be c>eful to take = _! aim 8! unfold+ ( :at is et]nal & ,godlike 9 ! _w10 & to see t _! objects co9cide ) ! highe/ aims ( humanity4 ,?us national feel+ is plac$ "u ! gu>dian%ip ( reason1 morality & civilization4 ,! cult ( patriotism z su* is to be consid]$ z b>b>ism2 x does1 inde$1 ann\nce itself to be su* by ! purposeless w>s :i* x necess>ily br+s 9 its tra94 ,9 ?is way ! idea ( nationality 0 rais$ to ! level ( a valuable ideal ( civilization4 ,:5 civilization began to decl9e1 its o!r ideals all fell also1 b ! idea ( nationality ma9ta9$ itself because x _h transf]r$ itself to ! sph]e ( reality4 ,x incorporat$ h5ce=w>d all t rema9$ ( civilization1 & became ! ideal :i* summ$ up all o!rs4 ,"h1 !n1 we h ! explanation ( ! m5tality ( our age1 :i* conc5trates all ! en?usiasm ( :i* x is capable on ! idea ( nationality1 & believes itself to possess 9 t all moral & spiritual good ?+s4 pg #jej ,b ) ! decay ( civilization ! "* ( ! idea ( nationality *ang$4 ,! gu>dian%ip ex]cis$ ov] x by ! o!r moral ideals to :i* x _h hi!rto be5 subord9ate n[ ceas$1 s9ce ^! 7 !mselves on trial1 & ! nationali/ idea began a c>e] ( indep5d5ce4 ,x ass]t$1 ( c\rse1 t x 0 work+ 9 ! s]vice ( civilization1 b x 01 9 tru?1 only an idea ( reality ) a halo ( civilization r\nd x1 & x 0 guid$ by no e?ical ideals1 b only by ! in/9cts :i* deal ) reality4 ,t reason & morality %all n be all[$ to contribute a ^w to ! =mation ( nationali/ ideas & aspirations is dem&$ by ! mass ( m5 to-day z a sp>+ ( _! holie/ feel+s4 ,if 9 e>li] times ! decay ( civilization did n produce any su* confusion 9 ! s5tim5ts ( ! v>i\s nations1 ?is 0 because ! idea ( nationality _h n !n be5 rais$ 9 ! same way to be ! ideal ( civilization4 ,x 01 !re=e1 impossible t x %\ld ins9uate itself into ! place ( ! true ideals ( civilization1 & ?r\gh abnormal nationali/ conceptions & dispositions br+ into active exi/5ce an elaborate sy/em ( uncivilization4 ,t 9 nationalism we h to d n s mu* ) ?+s z ) ! unheal?y way 9 :i* !y pg #jea are dealt ) 9 ! imag9ation ( ! cr[d1 is cle> f its :ole behavi\r4 ,x claims to be foll[+ a policy ( practical results 7,realpolitik72 9 reality x by no means repres5ts ! uncompromis+ly bus9esslike view ( all ! que/ions ( home & =eign policy1 b side by side ) its egoism displays a c]ta9 am\nt ( en?usiasm4 ,its practical policy is an ov]-valuation ( c]ta9 que/ions ( t]ritorial economic int]e/s1 an ov]-valuation :i* has be5 elevat$ to a dogma & idealiz$1 & is n[ support$ by popul> s5tim5t4 ,x fights = its dem&s )\t hav+ e/abli%$ any prop]ly ?\ght-out calculation ( _! real value4 ,9 ord] to be able to dispute ! possession ( millions ( value1 ! mod]n ,/ate load$ itself ) armam5ts co/+ hundr$s ( millions4 ,mean+ to c>e = ! protection & ext5sion ( its trade1 x load$ ! latt] ) impo/s :i* imp]ill$ its p[] ( compet+ ) its rivals mu* m ?an did any ( ! measures tak5 by ^? rivals4 ,its practical politics 71 !re=e1 9 tru? impracticable politics1 because !y all[$ popul> s5tim5t to come 91 & !reby made ! simple/ que/ions insoluble4 ,?is /yle ( politics put economic int]e/s 9 ! %op w9d[1 :ile x kept 9 ! w>eh\se ! ideas ab\t greatness & conque/ :i* belong to nationalism4 pg #jeb ,e civiliz$ ,/ate1 9 ord] to increase its p[]1 ga!r$ allies :]ev] x c\ld4 ,?us half-civiliz$ & unciviliz$ races 7 summon$ by civiliz$ ones to fight aga9/ ! civiliz$ neighb\rs ( ! latt]1 & ^! help]s 7 n cont5t ) ! subord9ate rle :i* _h be5 assign$ to !m4 ,!y acquir$ m & m influ5ce on ! c\rse ( ev5ts1 till !y 7 at la/ 9 a position to decide :5 ! civiliz$ nations ( ,europe %\ld beg9 to fight ea* o!r ab\t !m4 ,?us has ,nemesis come ^u u = ab&on+ our wi%es & betray+ to ! unciviliz$ _w all t we /ill possess$ ( ?+s t 7 ( univ]sal value4 ,x 0 significant ( ! unheal?y "* ( nationalism's 8practical0 politics t x tri$ 9 e possible way to deck itself out ) a t9sel imitation ( idealism4 ,! /ruggle = p[] became "o = "r & civilization2 ! alliances = ! promotion ( _! selfi% int]e/s :i* v>i\s nations made ) "o ano!r aga9/ all ! re/ 7 made to appe> to be fri5d%ips & spiritual aff9ities4 ,z su* !y 7 dat$ back into ! pa/1 ev5 ?\gh hi/ory _h a great deal m to say ab\t h]$it>y qu>rels ?an ab\t spiritual relation%ips4 99 99 99 99 99 pg #jec ,f9ally1 nationalism 0 n cont5t ) putt+ aside1 9 ! sph]e ( politics g5]ally1 all attempts to br+ into exi/5ce a really civiliz$ humanity2 x di/ort$ ! v idea ( civilization itself & talk$ ( national civilization4 ,once !re 0 :at 0 kn[n j simply z civilization1 & e civiliz$ nation /rove to possess x 9 its pure/ & mo/ fully develop$ =m4 ,9 ?is respect nationality _h 9 ! idea ( civilization at t "t some?+ mu* m orig9al & less spoilt ?an x has 9 ! same idea to-day4 ,if1 9 spite ( ?is1 !re 0 no impulse among ! nations to sep>ate ! spiritual life ( ea* f t ( its neighb\rs1 we h a pro( t nationality is n 9 itself ! /rong elem5t 9 ! p t dem&$ ?is4 ,su* a claim z is made to-day to h a national civilization is an unheal?y ph5om5on4 ,x presupposes t ! civiliz$ peoples ( to-day h lo/ _! heal?y nature1 & no long] foll[ in/9cts1 b !ories4 ,!y p]cuss & s\nd _! s\ls to su* an ext5t t ^! are no long] capable ( any natural action4 ,!y analyse & describe !m s cont9u\sly t 9 ?9k+ ( :at !y ought to be !y =get :at !y actually are4 ,que/ions ( spiritual diff]5ces betwe5 races are discuss$ s subtly1 & ) su* ob/9acy & dogmatism1 t ! talk works l an obsession1 & ! pg #jed peculi>ities t are said to exi/ make _! appe>ance l imag9>y diseases4 ,9 e dep>tm5t ( life m & m ef=t is devot$ to mak+ cle>ly visible 9 ! results :i* foll[ f !m ! emotions1 ! ideas1 & ! reason+s ( ! mass ( ! p4 ,any peculi>ity pres]v$ & fo/]$ 9 ?is way %[s t its natural c\nt]p>t has p]i%$4 ,! individual elem5t 9 ! p]sonality ( a p no long]1 z some?+ unconsci\s or half consci\s1 plays ) v>y+ lights on ! totality ( ! nation's spiritual life4 ,x becomes an artifice1 a fa%ion1 a self-adv]tisem5t1 a mania4 ,!re is br$ 9 ! nation a mass ( ?\ght1 ! s]i\s results ( :i* 9 e dep>tm5t become m evid5t ye> by ye>4 ,! spiritual life ( "s ( ! lead+ civiliz$ nations has already1 9 comp>ison ) e>li] days1 tak5 on a monoton\s tone su* z makes an obs]v] feel anxi\s4 ,! unnatural "* ( ?is developm5t %[s itself n only 9 its results1 b 9 ! "p :i* x all[s to be play$ by conceit1 self-importance1 & self-deception4 ,any?+ valuable 9 a p]sonality or a successful und]tak+ is attribut$ to "s special excell5ce 9 ! national "*4 ,=eign soil is assum$ to be incapable ( produc+ ! same or any?+ simil>1 & 9 mo/ c\ntries ?is vanity has gr[n to su* a pg #jee height t ! greate/ follies are no long] beyond its rea*4 ,x goes )\t say+ t !re foll[s a s]i\s decl9e 9 ! spiritual elem5t 9 ! national civilization4 ,! spirituality is1 moreov]1 only a k9d ( disguise2 x has 9 reality an av[$ly mat]iali/ "*4 ,x is a di/illation f all ! ext]nal a*ievem5ts ( ! nation 9 "q & appe>s 9 p>tn]%ip ) its economic & political dem&s4 ,:ile alleg$ to be gr\nd$ 9 ! national peculi>ities1 nationali/ civilization w n1 z we %\ld normally expect1 rema9 limit$ to ! nation itself2 x feels call$ ^u to impose itself ^u o!rs & make !m happy6 ,mod]n nations seek m>kets = _! civilization1 z !y d = _! manufactures6 ,national civilization1 !re=e1 is matt] = propag&a & = export1 & ! necess>y publicity is secur$ by lib]al exp5diture4 ,! necess>y phrases c be obta9$ ready-made & ne$ only be /rung toge!r4 ,?us ! _w has inflict$ on x a competition betwe5 national civilizations1 & betwe5 ^! civilization itself comes (f badly4 ,! nations ( ,europe ent]$ ! ,middle ,ages side by side z ! heirs ( ! ,greco-,roman _w1 & liv$ side by side ) ! free/ mutual int]c\rse ?r\gh ! ,r5aissance1 ! p]iod ( ! pg #jef ,illum9ati1 & ( ! philosophy ( m rec5t times4 ,b we no long] believe t !y1 ) _! (f%oots 9 ! o!r cont95ts1 =m an indivisible unit ( civilization4 ,if1 h[ev]1 9 ?is late/ age1 ! diff]5ces 9 _! spiritual life h begun to /& out m di/9ctly1 ! cause ( x is t ! level ( civilization has sunk4 ,:5 ! tide ebbs1 %all[s :i* sep>ate bodies ( deep wat] become visible2 :ile ! tide is fl[+ !y are out ( sight4 ,h[ closely ! nations :i* =m ! great body ( civiliz$ humanity are /ill int]relat$ spiritually is %[n by ! fact t !y h all side by side suff]$ ! same decad5ce4 99 99 99 99 99 ,) our s5se ( reality is b\nd up1 fur!r1 ! false confid5ce :i* we h 9 facts4 ,we live 9 an atmosph]e ( optimism1 z if ! contradictions :i* %[ !mselves 9 ! _w arrang$ !mselves automatically s z to promote well-?\ght-out progress1 & reconcil$ !mselves 9 syn!ses 9 :i* ! valuable p>ts ( ! !sis & ! anti!sis coalesc$4 ,9 ju/ification ( ?is optimism appeal is made1 bo? rightly & wrongly1 to ,hegel4 ,x _c be d5i$ t he is ! spiritual fa!r ( our s5se ( reality2 he is ! fir/ ?9k] :o tri$ to be j pg #jeg to ?+s z !y exi/4 ,we h be5 tra9$ by him to realize ! me?od ( progress 9 !sis1 anti!sis1 & syn!sis z !y %[ !mselves 9 ! c\rse ( ev5ts4 ,b 8 optimism 0 n a simple optimism ab\t facts1 z ours is4 ,he liv$ /ill 9 ! spiritual _w ( rationalism1 & believ$ 9 ! p[] ( e?ical ideas work$ out by reason2 t 0 :y he believ$ also 9 ! c]ta9ty ( un9t]rupt$ spiritual progress4 ,& x 0 because ?is 0 some?+ ^u :i* he c\ld rely t he und]took to %[ h[ x 0 to be se5 9 ! successive phases ( ev5ts1 & at ! same "t h[ x made itself a reality 9 ! /ream ( outw>d facts4 ,by emphasiz+1 h[ev]1 ! progressive purpose1 :i* he f9ds imman5t 9 ! c\rse ( ev5ts1 s /rongly t x is possible to =get ! e?ical-spiritual presuppositions ( 8 belief 9 progress1 he is prep>+ ! way = ! despiritualiz$ optimism ab\t reality :i* has = decades be5 mislead+ u4 ,betwe5 ! facts !mselves !re is no?+ b an endless s]ies ( contradictions4,! fre% m$iat+ fact 9 :i* !y c\nt]act ea* o!r s z to make progress possible !y _c ( !mselves produce4 ,?is fact c only ass]t itself if ! contradictions resolve !mselves 9 a reason$ view 9 :i* !re are e?ical ideas ab\t ! condition ( ?+s :i* pg #jeh x is s\ght to realize4 ,^! are ! =mative pr9ciples = ! new elem5t :i* is to arise out ( ! contradictories1 & x is only 9 ?is reason$ e?ical view t ! latt] cease to be bl9d1 lead+ to no issue4 ,x 0 because we assum$ ! exi/5ce ( pr9ciples1 ( progress1 9 ! facts1 t we view$ ! advance ( hi/ory1 9 :i* our future 0 be+ prep>$1 z progress 9 civilization1 ev5 ?\gh evolution condemn$ our optimism4 ,& ev5 n[1 :5 facts ( ! mo/ t]rible "* cry out l\dly aga9/ x1 we %r9k f giv+ up our cre$4 ,x no long]1 inde$1 gives u any real enlight5m5t1 b ! alt]native1 :i* bases optimism on belief 9 ! e?ical _s1 means su* a revolution 9 our mode ( ?\ght t we f9d x difficult to take x into consid]ation4 ,) our reliance ^u facts is b\nd up our reliance on organizations4 ,! activities & ! aims ( our "t are p5etrat$ by a k9d ( obsession t if we c\ld only succe$ 9 p]fect+ or re=m+ 9 "o direction or ano!r ! in/itutions ( our public & social life1 ! progress dem&$ by civilization w\ld beg9 ( itself4 ,we are1 inde$1 f> en\gh f unanimity z to ! plan ne$$ = ! re=m ( our arrangem5ts3 "o section sket*es out an anti-democratic plan2 pg #jei o!rs believe t our mi/ake lies 9 ! fact t democratic pr9ciples h n yet be5 appli$ consi/5tly2 o!rs1 aga91 see salvation only 9 a ,sociali/ or ,communi/ organization ( society4 ,b all agree 9 attribut+ our pres5t condition1 ) its abs5ce ( true civilization1 to a failure ( our in/itutions2 all look = ! atta9m5t ( su* civilization to a new organization ( society2 all unite 9 ?9k+ t ) new in/itutions !re w\ld arise a new _s4 99 99 99 99 99 ,9 ?is t]rible confusion are entangl$ n only ! unreflect+ masses1 b also _m ( ! mo/ e>ne/ among/ u4 ,! mat]ialism ( our age has rev]s$ ! relation betwe5 ! spiritual & ! actual4 ,x believes t some?+ ) spiritual value c result f ! work+ ( facts4 ,x 0 ev5 expect$ t ! w> w\ld br+ u a spiritual reg5]ation6 ,9 reality1 h[ev]1 ! relation betwe5 !m works 9 ! opposite direction4 ,a spiritual elem5t ( real value c1 if x is pres5t1 influ5ce ! m\ld+ ( reality s z to br+ ab\t desir$ results1 & c ?us produce facts 9 support ( itself4 ,all in/itutions & organizations h only a relative significance4 ,) ! mo/ div]se social & political pg #jfj arrangem5ts1 ! v>i\s civiliz$ nations h all sunk to ! same dep? ( b>b>ism4 ,:at we h exp]i5c$1 & are /ill exp]i5c+1 mu/ surely conv9ce u t ! _s is ev]y?+ & t in/itutions c\nt = v little4 ,our in/itutions are a failure because ! _s ( b>b>ism is at "w 9 !m4 ,! be/ plann$ improvem5ts 9 ! organization ( our society 7?\gh we are q "r 9 try+ to secure !m7 _c help u at all until we become at ! same "t capable ( imp>t+ a new _s to our age4 ,! difficult problems ) :i* we h to deal1 ev5 ^? :i* lie entirely 9 ! mat]ial & economic sph]e1 are 9 ! la/ resort only to be solv$ by an inn] *ange ( "*4 ,! wise/ re=ms 9 organization c only c>ry !m a little ne>] solution1 nev] to ! goal4 ,! only conceivable way ( br++ ab\t a recon/ruction ( our _w on new l9es is fir/ ( all to become new m5 ourselves "u ! old circum/ances1 & !n z a society 9 a new frame ( m9d s to smoo? out ! opposition betwe5 nations t a condition ( true civilization may aga9 become possible4 ,ev]y?+ else is m or less wa/$ lab\r1 because we are !reby build+ n on ! _s1 b on :at is m]ely ext]nal4 ,9 ! sph]e ( human ev5ts :i* decide ! future ( mank9d reality consi/s 9 an inn] pg #jfa conviction1 n 9 giv5 outw>d facts4 ,firm gr\nd = our feet we f9d 9 reason$ e?ical ideals4 ,are we go+ to draw f ! _s /r5g? to create new conditions & turn our faces aga9 to civilization1 or are we go+ to cont9ue to draw our _s f our surr\nd+s & g d[n ) x to ru98 ,t is ! fateful "q ) :i* we are confront$4 ,! true s5se = reality is t insight :i* tells u t only ?r\gh e?ical ideas ab\t ?+s c we arrive at a normal relation to reality4 ,only s c man & society w9 all ! p[] ov] ev5ts t !y are able to use4 ,)\t t p[] we are1 :atev] we may *oose to d1 deliv]$ ov] into bondage to !m4 ,:at is go+ on to-day betwe5 nations & )9 !m ?r[s a gl>+ illum9ation ^u ?is tru?4 ,! hi/ory ( our "t is *>act]iz$ by a lack ( reason :i* has no p>allel 9 ! pa/4 ,future hi/orians w "o day analyse ?is hi/ory 9 detail1 & te/ by means ( x _! le>n+ & _! fre$om f prejudice4 ,b = all future times !re w be1 z !re is = to-day1 only "o explanation1 viz41 t we s\ght to live & to c>ry on ) a civilization :i* _h no e?ical pr9ciple beh9d x4 pg #jfb ,,*apt] ,,iv ,,! ,,way ,,to ,,! ,,re/oration ,,( ,,civilization ,civilization-ideals h become p[]less4 ,evolution & decay 9 ! hi/ory ( civilization4 ,! re=m ( in/itutions & ! re=m ( convictions4 ,! individual z ! sole ag5t ( ! re/oration ( civilization4 ,! difficulties :i* beset ! re/oration ( civilization4 ,! e?ical conception ( civilization1 !n1 is ! only "o t c be ju/ifi$4 ,b :]e is ! road t c br+ u back f b>b>ism to civilization8 ,is !re su* a road at all8 ,! une?ical conception ( civilization answ]s3 8,no40 ,to x all symptoms ( decay are symptoms ( old age1 & civilization1 j l any o!r natural process ( gr[?1 mu/ aft] a c]ta9 p]iod ( "t rea* its f9al end4 ,!re is no?+1 !re=e1 = u to d1 s x says1 b to take ! causes ( ?is z q natural1 & d our be/ at any rate to f9d int]e/+ ! un$ify+ ph5om5a ( its s5ility1 :i* te/ify to ! gradual loss ( ! e?ical "* ( civilization4 ,9 ! ?9k+ !n :i* surr5d]s itself to our s5se ( reality1 optimism & pessimism are inextricably int]m+l$4 ,if our optimism ab\t pg #jfc reality is prov$ unt5able1 ! optimism :i* ?9ks t cont9u\s progress evolves itself among ! facts z su*1 !n ! _s :i* f above contemplates & analyses ! situation turns )\t mu* conc]n to ! mild pessimi/ic supposition t civilization has rea*$ its ,indian summ]4 ,! e?ical _s _c jo9 9 ?is little game ( 8,optimism or pessimism80 ,x sees ! symptoms ( decay z :at !y really are1 viz41 some?+ t]rible4 ,x asks itself ) a %udd] :at w become ( ! _w if ?is dy+ process really goes on un*eck$4 ,! condition ( civilization is a s\rce ( pa9 to x1 = civilization is n an object :i* x is int]e/+ to analyse1 b ! hope on :i* its ?\ghts fly out ov] ! future exi/5ce ( ! race4 ,belief 9 ! possibility ( a r5ewal ( civilization is an actual "p ( its life2 t is :y x c no long] quiet itself ) :at cont5ts ! s5se ( reality z x hov]s betwe5 optimism & pessimism4 ,^? :o reg>d ! decay ( civilization z some?+ q normal & natural console !mselves ) ! ?\ght t x is n civilization1 b a civilization1 :i* is fall+ a prey to dissolution2 t !re w be a new age & a new race 9 :i* !re w blossom a new civilization4 ,b t is a mi/ake4 ,! e>? no long] has 9 res]ve1 z x _h once1 gift$ peoples z yet unus$1 pg #jfd :o c relieve u & take our place 9 "s di/ant future z lead]s ( ! spiritual life4 ,we already "k all ^? :i* ! e>? has to dispose (4 ,!re is n "o among !m :i* is n already tak+ su* a "p 9 our civilization t its spiritual fate is det]m9$ by our own4 ,all ( !m1 ! gift$ & ! ungift$1 ! di/ant & ! ne>1 h felt ! influ5ce ( ^? =ces ( b>b>ism :i* are at "w among u4 ,all ( !m are1 l ourselves1 diseas$1 & only z we recov] c !y recov]4 ,x is n ! civilization ( a race1 b t ( mank9d1 pres5t & future alike1 t we mu/ give up z lo/1 if belief 9 a rebir? ( our civilization is a va9 ?+4 ,b x ne$ n be s giv5 up4 ,if ! e?ical is ! ess5tial elem5t 9 civilization1 decad5ce *anges into r5aissance z soon z e?ical activities are set to "w aga9 9 our convictions & 9 ! ideas :i* we und]take to /amp ^u reality4 ,! attempt to br+ ?is ab\t is well wor? mak+1 & x %\ld be _w-wide4 ,x is true t ! difficulties t h to be reckon$ ) 9 ?is und]tak+ are s great t only ! /ronge/ fai? 9 ! p[] ( ! e?ical _s w let u v5ture on x4 ,fir/ among !m t[]s up ! inability ( our g5]ation to und]/& :at is & mu/ be4 pg #jfe ,! m5 ( ! ,r5aissance & ! ,illum9ati ( ! eighte5? c5tury drew c\rage to desire ! r5ewal ( ! _w ?r\gh ideas f _! conviction ( ! absolute indef5sibility ( ! mat]ial & spiritual conditions "u :i* !y liv$4 ,unless ) u1 too1 ! _m come to "s su* conviction1 we mu/ cont9ue incapable ( tak+ 9 h& ?is "w1 9 :i* we mu/ imitate !m4 ,b ! _m ob/9ately refuse to see ?+s z !y are1 & hold ) all _! might to ! mo/ optimi/ic view ( !m t is possible4 ,= ?is p[]1 h[ev]1 ( idealiz+ ) cont9ually l[]+ ideals ! reality :i* is felt to be ev] less & less satisfy+1 pessimism also is p>tly responsible4 ,our g5]ation1 ?\gh s pr\d ( its _m a*ievem5ts1 no long] believes 9 ! "o ?+ :i* is all-ess5tial3 ! spiritual advance ( mank9d4 ,hav+ giv5 up ! expectation ( ?is1 x c put up ) ! pres5t age )\t feel+ su* suff]+ z w\ld compel x1 = v pa91 to long = a new "o4 ,:at a task x w be to break ! fett]s ( un?9k+ optimism & un?9k+ pessimism :i* hold u prison]s1 & s to d :at w pave ! way = ! r5ewal ( civilization6 ,a second difficulty besett+ ! "w :i* lies be=e u is t x is a piece ( recon/ruction4 ,! ideas ( civilization :i* our age ne$s are n new pg #jff & /range to x4 ,!y h be5 9 ! possession ( mank9d already1 & are to be f\nd 9 _m an antiquat$ =mula4 ,we h fundam5tally no?+ else to d ?an to re/ore to !m ! respect 9 :i* !y 7 once held1 & aga9 reg>d !m s]i\sly z we br+ !m into relation ) ! reality :i* lies be=e u = treatm5t4 ,to make :at is us$ up usable--is !re a h>d] task8 8,x is an impossible "o10 says hi/ory4 8,nev] hi!rto h worn-out ideas ris5 to new p[] among ! peoples :o h worn !m out4 ,_! disappe>ance has always be5 a f9al "o40 ,t is true4 ,9 ! hi/ory ( civilization we f9d no?+ b disc\ragem5t = our task4 ,anyone :o f9ds hi/ory speak+ optimi/ically l5ds h] a language :i* is n h] own4 ,yet f ! hi/ory ( ! pa/ we c inf] only :at has be51 n :at w be4 ,ev5 if x proves t no s+le p has ev] liv$ ?r\gh ! decay ( its civilization & a rebir? ( x1 we "k at once t ?is1 :i* has nev] happ5$ yet1 mu/ happ5 ) u1 & !re=e we _c be cont5t to say t ! reason$ e?ical ideas on :i* civilization re/s get worn out 9 ! c\rse ( hi/ory1 & console ourselves ) ! reflection t ?is is exactly 9 accordance ) ! ord9>y processes ( nature4 ,we require to "k :y x has pg #jfg s happ5$ hi!rto1 & to draw an explanation1 n f ! analogy ( nature1 b f ! laws ( spiritual life4 ,we want to get into our h&s ! key ( ! secret1 s t we may ) x unlock ! new age1 ! age 9 :i* ! worn out becomes aga9 unworn & ! spiritual & e?ical c no long] get worn out4 ,we mu/ /udy ! hi/ory ( civilization o!rwise ?an z our pr$ecessors did1 or we %all be f9ally lo/4 ,:y d n ?\ghts :i* contribute to civilization reta9 ! conv9c+ p[] :i* !y once _h1 & :i* !y des]ve on acc\nt ( _! cont5t8 ,:y d !y lose ! evid5tial =ce ( _! moral & rational "*8 ,:y d traditional tru?s cease to be realities & pass f m\? to m\? z m]e phrases8 99 99 99 99 99 ,is ?is an unavoidable fate1 or is ! well dry+ up because our ?9k+ did n g d[n to ! p]man5t level ( ! wat]8 ,moreov]1 x is n m]ely t ! pa/ survives among u z some?+ valueless2 x may ca/ a poison\s %ade ov] u4 ,!re are ?\ghts on :i* we h nev] let our m9ds "w directly because we f\nd !m ready =mulat$ 9 hi/ory4 ,ideas :i* we h inh]it$ d n let ! tru? pg #jfh :i* is 9 !m come out into active s]vice1 b %[ x ?r\gh a k9d ( dead mask4 ,! worn out a*ievem5ts :i* pass ov] f a decad5t civilization into ! curr5t ( a new age (t5 become l reject$ products ( metabolism1 & act z poisons4 ,grant$ t ! ,teutonic nations receiv$ a p[]ful /imulus to civilization at ! ,r5aissance by rev]t+ to ! ideas ( ,greco-,roman ?9k]s1 n less true is x t = _m c5turies !y _h be5 kept by t same ,greco-,roman civilization 9 a condition ( spiritual dep5d5ce :i* 0 :olly 9 contradiction to _! native "*4 ,!y took ov] f x decad5t ideas :i* 7 = a long "t a h9drance to _! normal spiritual life1 & !nce came t /range mixture ( /r5g? & weakness :i* is ! *ief *>act]i/ic ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! dang]\s elem5ts 9 ! ,greco-,roman civilization ( ! pa/ /ill %[ !mselves 9 our spiritual life4 ,x is because ,ori5tal & ,greek conceptions :i* h _h _! day are /ill curr5t among u t we ble$ to dea? ov] problems :i* o!rwise w\ld h no exi/5ce = u4 ,h[ mu* we suff] f ! "o fact t to-day & = sev]al c5turies pa/ our ?\ghts ab\t religion h be5 "u ! h]$it>y =eign dom9ation ( ,jewi% transc5d5talism & ,greek metaphysics1 &1 in/ead ( pg #jfi be+ able to express !mselves naturally1 h suff]$ cont9ual di/ortion6 ,because ideas get worn out 9 ?is way1 & 9 ?is condition h9d] ! ?9k+ ( lat] g5]ations1 !re is no cont9uity 9 ! spiritual progress ( mank9d1 b only a confus$ succession ( ups & d[ns4 ,! ?reads get brok51 or knott$1 or lo/1 or :5 ti$ up aga9 get ti$ wrongly4 ,hi!rto x has be5 ?\ght possible to int]pret ?is up-&-d[n movem5t optimi/ically because x 0 univ]sally held t ! ,r5aissance & ! age ( ! ,illum9ati 7 q natural successors ( ! ,greco-,roman civilization1 & x 0 assum$ fur!r t1 z a p]man5t result ( ?is1 r5ew$ civilizations w\ld spr+ up 9 ! place ( exhau/$ ones1 & ?us cont9ual progress be assur$4 ,b ?is g5]alization _c ju/ifiably be drawn f su* obs]vations4 ,x 0 because new peoples came on ! sc5e1 :o _h be5 only sup]ficially t\*$ by ! decad5t civilizations & n[ produc$ o!rs ( _! own1 t x 0 possible to see ?is succession ( ups & d[ns end+ 9 an asc5t4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 h[ev]1 our new] civilization 0 n 9 any organic connection ) ! ,greco-,roman1 ev5 if x did take its fir/ /eps ) ! help ( ! crut*es :i* ! latt] provid$2 x may be pg #jgj describ$ m truly z ! reaction ( a heal?y _s aga9/ ! worn out ideas :i* 7 ?us (f]$ to x4 ,! ess5tial elem5t 9 ! process 0 ! contact ( :at 0 worn out ) ! fre% ?\ght ( "y peoples4 ,to-day1 h[ev]1 all our ?\ght is los+ its p[] 9 its contact ) ! worn-out ideas ( our expir+ civilization1 or--9 ! case ( ! ,h9dus & ! ,*9ese--( our own & o!r expir+ civilizations4 ,! up-&-d[n movem5t w end1 !re=e1 n 9 sl[ progress1 b 9 unbrok5 desc5t--unless we c succe$ 9 giv+ ! worn out ideas a r5ewal ( _! y\?4 99 99 99 99 99 ,ano!r great difficulty 9 ! way ( ! reg5]ation ( our civilization lies 9 ! fact t x mu/ be an int]nal process1 & n an ext]nal z well1 & t1 !re=e1 !re is no place = heal?y co-op]ation betwe5 ! mat]ial & ! spiritual4 ,f ! ,r5aissance to ! middle ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ! m5 :o c>ri$ on ! "w ( civilization c\ld expect help t[>ds spiritual progress f a*ievem5ts 9 ! sph]e ( ext]nal organization4 ,dem&s 9 ea* ( ^! sph]es /ood side by side 9 _! programme & 7 pu%$ on simultane\sly4 ,!y 7 conv9c$ t :ile work+ to trans=m pg #jga ! in/itutions ( public life !y 7 produc+ results :i* w\ld call =? ! developm5t ( ! new spiritual life4 ,success 9 "o sph]e /r5g!n$ at once ! hopes & ! en]gies t 7 at "w 9 ! o!r4 ,!y lab\r$ = ! progressive democratization ( ! ,/ate ) ! idea ( !reby spread+ ?r\gh ! _w ! rule ( grace & ju/ice4 ,we1 :o h liv$ to see ! spiritual bankruptcy ( all ! in/itutions :i* !y creat$1 c no long] "w 9 ?is way simultane\sly at ! re=m ( in/itutions & ! revival ( ! spiritual elem5t4 ,! help :i* su* co-op]ation w\ld give is d5i$ u4 ,we _c ev5 reckon any long] on ! old co-op]ation betwe5 k & ?\ght4 ,once ^! two 7 allies4 ,! latt] f\ght = fre$om & 9 s do+ made a road = ! =m]1 &1 on ! o!r h&1 all ! results atta9$ by k work$ = ! g5]al good ( ! spiritual life 9 t ! reign ( law 9 nature 0 m & m cle>ly demon/rat$1 & ! reign ( prejudice 0 becom+ cont9ually m re/rict$4 ,! alliance also /r5g!n$ ! ?\ght t ! well-be+ ( mank9d mu/ be bas$ ^u spiritual laws4 ,?us k & ?\ght jo9$ 9 e/abli%+ ! au?ority ( reason & ! rational tone ( m9d4 pg #jgb ,to-day ?\ght gets no help f sci5ce1 & ! latt] /&s fac+ x indep5d5t & unconc]n$4 ,! newe/ sci5tific k may be alli$ ) an entirely unreflect+ view ( ! univ]se4 ,x ma9ta9s t x is conc]n$ only ) ! e/abli%m5t ( individual facts1 s9ce x is only by means ( ^! t sci5tific k c ma9ta9 its practical "*2 ! co-ord9ation ( ! diff]5t bran*es ( k & ! utilization ( ! results to =m a !ory ( ! univ]se are1 x says1 n its bus9ess4 ,once e man ( sci5ce 0 also a ?9k] :o c\nt$ = some?+ 9 ! g5]al spiritual life ( 8 g5]ation4 ,our age has discov]$ h[ to divorce k f ?\ght1 ) ! result t we h1 inde$1 a sci5ce :i* is free1 b h>dly any sci5ce left :i* reflects4 ,?us we no long] h available = ! r5ewal ( our spiritual life any ( ! natural ext]nal helps :i* we us$ to h4 ,we are call$ ^u = a s+le k9d ( ef=t only1 & h to "w l m5 :o are rebuild+ ! damag$ f\ndations ( a ca!dral "u ! weight ( ! massive build+4 ,!re is no progress 9 ! _w ( ph5om5a to enc\rage u to p]sev]e2 an imm5se revolution has to be br\ght ab\t )\t ! aid ( any collat]al revolution>y activities4 99 99 99 99 99 pg #jgc ,aga91 ! r5ewal ( civilization is h9d]$ by ! fact t x is s exclusively ! individual p]sonality :i* mu/ be look$ to z ! ag5t 9 ! new movem5t4 ,! r5ewal ( civilization has no?+ to d ) movem5ts :i* be> ! "* ( exp]i5ces ( ! cr[d2 !re are nev] any?+ b reactions to ext]nal happ5+s4 ,b civilization c only revive :5 !re %all come into be+ 9 a numb] ( individuals a new tone ( m9d indep5d5t ( ! "o preval5t among ! cr[d & 9 opposition to x1 a tone ( m9d :i* w gradually w9 influ5ce ov] ! collective "o1 & 9 ! end det]m9e its "*4 ,x is only an e?ical movem5t :i* c rescue u f ! sl\gh ( b>b>ism1 & ! e?ical comes into exi/5ce only 9 individuals4 ,! f9al decision z to :at ! future ( a society %all be dep5ds n on h[ ne> its organization is to p]fection1 b on ! degrees ( wor?9ess 9 its individual memb]s4 ,! mo/ important1 & yet ! lea/ easily det]m9able1 elem5t 9 hi/ory is ! s]ies ( unobtrusive g5]al *anges :i* take place 9 ! individual dispositions ( ! _m4 ,^! are :at prec$e & cause ! happ5+s1 & ?is is :y x is s difficult to und]/& ?or\ghly ! m5 & ! pg #jgd ev5ts ( pa/ times4 ,! "* & wor? ( individuals among ! mass & ! way !y "w !mselves into memb]%ip ( ! :ole body1 receiv+ influ5ces f x & giv+ o!rs back1 we c ev5 to-day only p>tially & unc]ta9ly und]/&4 ,"o ?+1 h[ev]1 is cle>4 ,:]e ! collective body works m /rongly on ! individual ?an ! latt] does ^u x1 ! result is det]ioration1 because ! noble elem5t on :i* ev]y?+ dep5ds1 viz41 ! spiritual & moral wor?9ess ( ! individual1 is !reby necess>ily con/rict$ & hamp]$4 ,decay ( ! spiritual & moral life !n sets 91 :i* r5d]s society incapable ( und]/&+ & solv+ ! problems :i* x has to face4 ,!reupon1 soon] or lat]1 x is involv$ 9 cata/rophe4 ,t is ! condition 9 :i* we are n[1 & t is :y x is ! duty ( individuals to rise to a high] conception ( _! capabilities & und]take aga9 ! function :i* only ! individual c p]=m1 t ( produc+ new spiritual-e?ical ideas4 ,if ?is does n come ab\t 9 a multitude ( cases no?+ c save u4 ,a new public op9ion mu/ be creat$ privately & unobtrusively4 ,! exi/+ "o is ma9ta9$ by ! ,press1 by propag&a1 by organization1 & by f9ancial & o!r influ5ces :i* are at its pg #jge disposal4 ,?is unnatural way ( spread+ ideas mu/ be oppos$ by ! natural "o1 :i* goes f man to man & relies solely on ! tru? ( ! ?\ghts & ! he>]'s receptiv5ess = new tru?4 ,un>m$1 & foll[+ ! human _s's primitive & natural fight+ me?od1 x mu/ attack ! o!r1 :i* faces x1 z ,golia? fac$ ,david1 9 ! mighty arm\r ( ! age4 ,ab\t ! /ruggle :i* mu/ ne$s ensue no hi/orical analogy c tell u mu*4 ,! pa/ has1 no d\bt1 se5 ! /ruggle ( ! free-?9k+ individual aga9/ ! fett]$ _s ( a :ole society1 b ! problem has nev] pres5t$ itself on ! scale on :i* x does to-day1 because ! fett]+ ( ! collective _s z x is fett]$ to-day by mod]n organizations1 mod]n unreflectiv5ess1 & mod]n popul> passions1 is a ph5om5on )\t prec$5t 9 hi/ory4 99 99 99 99 99 ,w ! man ( to-day h /r5g? to c>ry out :at ! _s dem&s f him1 & :at ! age w\ld l to make impossible8 ,9 ! ov]-organiz$ societies :i* 9 a hundr$ ways h him 9 _! p[]1 is he de/9$ to become once m an indep5d5t p]sonality & pg #jgf to ex]t influ5ce back ^u !m8 ,!y w use e means to keep him 9 t condition ( imp]sonality :i* suits !m4 ,!y fe> p]sonality because ! _s & ! tru?1 :i* !y w\ld l to muzzle1 f9d 9 x a means ( express+ !mselves4 ,& _! p[] is1 un=tunately1 z great z _! fe>4 ,!re is a tragic alliance betwe5 society z a :ole & its economic conditions4 ,) a grim rel5tlessness ^? conditions t5d to br+ up ! man ( to-day z a be+ )\t fre$om1 )\t self-collect$ness1 )\t indep5d5ce1 9 %ort z a human be+ s full ( defici5cies t he lacks ! qualities ( humanity4 ,& !y are ! la/ ?+s t we c *ange4 ,ev5 if x %\ld be grant$ u t ! _s %\ld beg9 its "w1 we %all only sl[ly & incompletely ga9 p[] ov] ^! =ces4 ,!re is1 9 fact1 be+ dem&$ f ! w t :i* our conditions ( life refuse to all[4 ,& h[ heavy ! tasks t ! _s has to take 9 h&6 ,x has to create ! p[] ( und]/&+ ! tru? t is really true :]e at pres5t no?+ is curr5t b propag&i/ tru?4 ,x has to depose ignoble patriotism1 & en?rone ! noble k9d ( patriotism :i* aims at ends t are wor?y ( ! :ole ( mank9d1 9 circles :]e ! hopeless issues ( pa/ & pres5t pg #jgg political activities keep nationali/ passions agl[ ev5 among ^? :o 9 _! he>ts w\ld fa9 be free f !m4 ,x has to get ! fact t civilization is an int]e/ ( all m5 & ( humanity z a :ole recogniz$ aga9 9 places :]e national civilization is to-day wor%ipp$ z an idol1 & ! notion ( a humanity ) a common civilization lies brok5 to fragm5ts4 ,x has to ma9ta9 our fai? 9 ! civiliz$ ,/ate1 ev5 ?\gh our mod]n ,/ates1 spiritually & economically ru9$ by ! w>1 h no "t to ?9k ab\t ! tasks ( civilization1 & d>e n devote _! att5tion to any?+ b h[ to use e possible means1 ev5 ^? :i* und]m9e ! conception ( ju/ice1 to collect money ) :i* to prolong _! own exi/5ce4 ,x has to unite u by giv+ u a s+le ideal ( civiliz$ man1 & ?is 9 a _w :]e "o nation has robb$ its neighb\r ( all fai? 9 humanity1 idealism1 righte\sness1 reasonabl5ess1 & tru?fulness1 & all alike h come "u ! dom9ation ( p[]s :i* are plung+ u ev] deep] into b>b>ism4 ,x has to get att5tion conc5trat$ on civilization :ile ! gr[+ difficulty ( mak+ a liv+ absorbs ! masses m & m 9 mat]ial c>es1 & makes all o!r ?+s seem to !m to be m]e %ad[s4 ,x has to give u fai? 9 ! possibility ( pg #jgh progress :ile ! reaction ( ! economic on ! spiritual becomes m p]nici\s e day & contributes to an ev] gr[+ demoralization4 ,x has to provide u ) a capacity = hope at a "t :5 n only secul> & religi\s in/itutions & associations1 b ! m51 too1 :o are look$ ^u z lead]s1 cont9ually fail u1 :5 arti/s & m5 ( le>n+ %[ !mselves z support]s ( b>b>ism1 & notabilities :o pass = ?9k]s1 & behave outw>dly z su*1 are reveal$1 :5 crises come1 z be+ no?+ m ?an writ]s & memb]s ( academies4 ,all ^! h9drances /& 9 ! pa? ( ! w to civilization4 ,a dull despair hov]s ab\t u4 ,h[ well we n[ und]/& ! m5 ( ! ,greco-,roman decad5ce1 :o /ood be=e ev5ts incapable ( resi/ance1 &1 leav+ ! _w to its fate1 )drew ^u _! inn] selves6 ,l !m1 we are bewild]$ by our exp]i5ce ( life4 ,l !m1 we he> entic+ voices :i* say to u t ! "o ?+ :i* c /ill make life tol]able is to live = ! day4 ,we mu/1 we are told1 r5\nce e wi% to ?9k or hope ab\t any?+ beyond our own fate4 ,we mu/ f9d re/ 9 resignation4 ,! recognition t civilization is f\nd$ on "s sort ( !ory ( ! univ]se1 & c be re/or$ only ?r\gh a spiritual awak5+ & a w = e?ical good 9 ! mass ( mank9d1 compels pg #jgi u to make cle> to ourselves ^? difficulties 9 ! way ( a rebir? ( civilization :i* ord9>y reflection w\ld ov]look4 ,b at ! same "t x raises u above all consid]ations ( possibility or impossibility4 ,if ! e?ical _s provides a suffici5t /&+ gr\nd 9 ! sph]e ( ev5ts = mak+ civilization a reality1 !n we %all get civilization1 provid$ t we return to a suitable !ory ( ! univ]se & ! convictions to :i* ?is prop]ly gives bir?4 ,! hi/ory ( our decad5ce prea*es ! tru? t :5 hope is dead ! _s becomes ! decid+ c\rt ( appeal1 & ?is tru? w 9 ! future f9d 9 u a sublime & noble fulfilm5t4 pg #jhj ,,*apt] ,v ,,civilization ,,& ,,!ories ,,( ,,! ,,univ]se ,! reg5]ation ( our !ory ( ! univ]se & ! re/oration ( civilization4 ,a reflective !ory ( ! univ]se2 rationalism & my/icism4 ,! optimi/ic-e?ical !ory z a !ory ( civilization4 ,! reg5]ation ( our ideas by reflection ab\t ! mean+ ( life4 ,! greate/ ( all ! _s's tasks is to produce a !ory ( ! univ]se 7,weltans*auung799771 = 9 su* a !ory all ! ideas1 convictions & activities ( an age h _! roots1 & x is only :5 we h arriv$ at "o :i* is compatible ) civilization t we are capable ( hold+ ! ideas & convictions :i* are ! conditions ( civilization 9 g5]al4 ,:at is meant by a !ory ( ! univ]se8 ,x is ! cont5t ( ! ?\ghts ( society & ! individuals :i* compose x ab\t ! nature & object ( ! _w 9 :i* !y live1 & ! position & ! de/9y ( mank9d & ( individual m5 )9 x4 ,:at significance h ! society 9 :i* ,i live & ,i myself 9 ! _w8 ,:at d we want to d 9 ! _w1 :at d we pg #jha hope to get f x1 & :at is our duty to x8 ,! answ] giv5 by ! majority to ^! fundam5tal que/ions ab\t exi/5ce decides :at ! _s is 9 :i* !y & _! age live4 ,is n ?is putt+ too high ! value ( a !ory ( ! univ]se8 ,at pres5t1 c]ta9ly1 ! majority d n1 z a rule1 atta9 to any prop]ly ?\ght-out !ory1 nor d !y feel ! ne$ ( d]iv+ _! ideas & convictions f su* a s\rce4 ,!y are 9 tune1 m or less1 ) all ! tones :i* p]vade ! age 9 :i* !y live4 ,b :o are ! musicians :o h produc$ ^! tones8 ,!y are ! p]sonalities :o h ?\ght out !ories ( ! univ]se1 & drawn f !m ! ideas1 m or less valuable1 :i* are curr5t among/ u to-day4 ,9 ?is way all ?\ghts1 :e!r ^? ( individuals or ^? ( society1 g back ultimately1 9 "s way or o!r1 to a !ory ( ! univ]se4 ,e age lives 9 ! consci\sness ( :at has be5 provid$ = x by ! ?9k]s "u ^: influ5ce x /&s4 ,plato 0 wrong 9 hold+ t ! philosoph]s ( a ,/ate %\ld also be its gov]nors4 ,_! supremacy is a diff]5t & a high] "o ?an t :i* consi/s 9 tak+ cognizance ( laws & ord9ances & giv+ effect to (ficial au?ority4 pg #jhb ,!y are ! (fic]s ( ! g5]al /aff :o sit 9 ! backgr\nd ?9k+ out1 ) m or less cle>ness ( vision1 ! details ( ! battle :i* is to be f\ght4 ,^? :o play _! "p 9 ! public eye are ! subord9ate (fic]s :o1 = _! v>i\sly siz$ units1 conv]t ! g5]al directions ( ! /aff into ord]s ( ! day3 namely1 t ! =ces w />t at su* & su* a "t1 move 9 ?is or t direction1 & occupy ?is or t po9t4 ,kant & ,hegel h comm&$ millions :o _h nev] read a l9e ( _! writ+s1 & :o did n ev5 "k t !y 7 obey+ _! ord]s4 ,^? :o comm&1 :e!r x be 9 a l>ge or a small sph]e1 c only c>ry out :at is already 9 ! ?\ght ( ! age4 ,!y d n build ! in/rum5t on :i* !y h to play1 b are m]ely giv5 a seat at x4 ,nor d !y compose ! piece !y h to play2 x is simply put be=e !m1 & !y _c alt] x2 !y c only reproduce x ) m or less skill & success4 ,if x is mean+less1 !y _c d mu* to improve x1 b nei!r1 if x is good1 c !y damage x s]i\sly4 ,to ! "q1 !n1 :e!r x is p]sonalities or ideas :i* decide ! fate ( an age1 ! answ] is t ! age gets its ideas f p]sonalities4 ,if ! ?9k]s ( a c]ta9 p]iod produce a wor?y !ory ( ! univ]se1 !n ideas pass into curr5cy pg #jhc :i* gu>antee progress2 if !y are n capable ( su* production1 !n decad5ce sets 9 9 "s =m or o!r4 ,e !ory ( ! univ]se draws aft] x its own special results 9 hi/ory4 ,! fall ( ! ,roman ,empire 9 spite ( t empire's hav+ ov] x s _m rul]s ( conspicu\s ability1 may be trac$ ultimately to ! fact t anci5t philosophy produc$ no !ory ( ! univ]se ) ideas :i* t5d$ to t empire's pres]vation4 ,) ! rise ( ,/oicism1 z ! def9itive answ] ( ! philosophic ?\ght ( antiquity1 ! fate ( ! _w d[n to ! ,middle ,ages 0 decid$4 ,! idea ( resignation1 noble idea z x is1 c\ld n ensure progress 9 a _w-wide empire4 ,! ef=ts ( its /ronge/ emp]ors 7 useless4 ,! y>n ) :i* !y _h to weave 0 rott54 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury1 "u ! rule1 9 mo/ places1 ( insignificant rococo-sov]eigns & rococo-m9i/]s1 a progressive movem5t began among ! nations ( ,europe :i* 0 unique 9 ! hi/ory ( ! _w4 ,:y8 ,! ?9k]s ( ! ,illum9ati & ( rationalism produc$ a wor?y !ory ( ! univ]se f :i* wor?y ideas 7 spread among mank9d4 ,b :5 hi/ory began to %ape itself 9 accordance ) ^! ideas1 ! ?\ght :i* _h pg #jhd produc$ ! progress came to a halt1 & we h n[ a g5]ation :i* is squ&]+ ! preci\s h]itage x has receiv$ f ! pa/1 & is liv+ 9 a _w ( ru9s1 because x _c complete ! build+ :i* t pa/ began4 ,ev5 _h our rul]s & /atesm5 be5 less %ort-sight$ ?an !y actually 71 !y w\ld n 9 ! long run h be5 able to av]t ! cata/rophe :i* bur/ ^u u4 ,bo? ! inn] & ! out] collapse ( civilization 7 lat5t 9 ! circum/ances produc$ by ! preval5t view ( ! univ]se4 ,! rul]s1 small & great alike1 did n no?+ b act 9 accordance ) ! _s ( ! age4 ,) ! disappe>ance ( ! influ5ce ex]t$ by ! ,aufklrung1 rationalism1 & ! s]i\s philosophy ( ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury1 ! se$s 7 s[n ( ! _w-w> to come4 ,!n began to disappe> also ! ideas & convictions :i* w\ld h made possible a solution on "r l9es ( ! controv]sies :i* arise betwe5 nations4 ,?us ! c\rse ( ev5ts br\ght u into a position 9 :i* we _h to get along )\t any real !ory ( ! univ]se4 ,! collapse ( philosophy & ! rise & influ5ce ( sci5tific modes ( ?\ght made x impossible to arrive at an ideali/ !ory :i* %\ld satisfy ?\ght4 ,moreov]1 our age is poor] 9 deep ?9k]s ?an p]haps any prec$+ "o4 ,!re 7 a few pg #jhe /rong spirits :o1 ) v>i$ k1 & ) devot$ ef=ts1 (f]$ ! _w "s pat*work ?\ght2 !re 7 "s dazzl+ comets2 b t 0 all t 0 grant$ u4 ,_! products 9 ! way ( _w !ories 7 good en\gh to int]e/ a circle ( academic culture1 or to delight a few believ+ foll[]s1 b ! p z a :ole 7 entirely unt\*$4 ,we began1 !re=e1 to p]suade ourselves t x 01 aft] all1 possible to get ?r\gh )\t any !ory ( ! univ]se4 ,! feel+ t we ne$$ to /ir ourselves up to ask que/ions ab\t ! _w & life1 & to come to a decision ^u !m1 gradually di$ away4 ,9 ! unreflective condition to :i* we _h surr5d]$ ourselves1 we took1 to meet ! claims ( our own life & ! nation's life1 ! *ance ideas provid$ by our feel+ = reality4 ,dur+ m ?an a g5]ation & a half we _h pro( en\gh & to sp>e t ! !ory :i* is ! result ( abs5ce ( !ory is ! mo/ wor?less ( all1 involv+ n only ru9 to ! spiritual life1 b ru9 univ]sal4 ,= :]e !re is no g5]al /aff to ?9k out its plan ( campaign = any g5]ation its subord9ate (fic]s lead x1 z 9 actual w>f>e s 9 ! sph]e ( ideas1 f "o pr(itless adv5ture to ano!r4 ,! recon/ruction ( our age1 !n1 c beg9 pg #jhf only ) a recon/ruction ( a !ory ( ! univ]se4 ,!re is h>dly any?+ m urg5t 9 its claim on u ?an ?is :i* seems to be s f> (f & ab/ract4 ,only :5 we h made ourselves at home aga9 9 ! solid ?\ght-build+ ( a !ory :i* c support a civilization1 & :5 we take f x1 all ( u 9 co-op]ation1 ideas :i* c /imulate our life & "w1 only !n c !re aga9 arise a society :i* %all possess ideals ) magnific5t aims & be able to br+ ^! into effective agreem5t ) reality4 ,x is f new ideas t we mu/ build hi/ory anew4 ,= individuals z = ! community1 life )\t a !ory ( ?+s is a pa?ological di/urbance ( ! high] capacity = self-direction4 99 99 99 99 99 ,:at conditions mu/ a !ory ( ! univ]se fulfil to enable x to create a civilization8 ,fir/1 & def9$ g5]ally1 x mu/ be ! product ( ?\ght4 ,no?+ b :at is born ( ?\ght & addresses itself to ?\ght c be a spiritual p[] affect+ ! :ole ( mank9d4 ,only :at has be5 well turn$ ov] 9 ! ?\ght ( ! _m1 & ?us recogniz$ z tru?1 possesses a natural p[] ( conviction :i* w "w on o!r m9ds & w cont9ue to be effective4 ,only :]e !re is a con/ant appeal to ! ne$ pg #jhg ( a reflective view ( ?+s are all man's spiritual capacities call$ into activity4 ,our age has a k9d ( arti/ic prejudice aga9/ a reflective !ory ( ! univ]se4 ,we are /ill *ildr5 ( ! ,romantic movem5t to a great] ext5t ?an we realize4 ,:at t movem5t produc$ 9 opposition to ! ,aufklrung & to rationalism seems to u valid = all ages aga9/ any !ory t w\ld f\nd itself solely on ?\ght4 ,9 su* a !ory ( ! univ]se we c see be=eh& ! _w dom9at$ by a b>r5 intellectualism1 convictions gov]n$ by m]e utility1 & a %all[ optimism1 :i* toge!r ?r[ a wet blanket ov] all human g5ius & en?usiasm4 ,9 a great deal ( ! opposition :i* x (f]$ to rationalism ! reaction ( ! e>ly n9ete5? c5tury 0 "r4 ,nev]!less x rema9s true t x despis$ & di/ort$ :at 01 9 spite ( all its imp]fections1 ! greate/ & mo/ valuable manife/ation ( ! spiritual life ( man t ! _w has yet se54 ,d[n ?r\gh all circles ( cultur$ & uncultur$ alike !re prevail$ at t "t a belief 9 ?\ght & a rev]5ce = tru?4 ,= t reason alone t age /&s high] ?an any :i* prec$$ x1 & mu* high] ?an our own4 ,at no price mu/ ! feel+s & phrases ( pg #jhh ,romanticism be all[$ to prev5t our g5]ation f =m+ a cle> conception ( :at reason really is4 ,x is no dry intellectualism :i* w\ld suppress all ! manifold movem5ts ( our inn] life1 b ! totality ( all ! functions ( our _s 9 _! liv+ action & int]action4 ,9 x our intellect & our w hold t my/]i\s int]c\rse :i* det]m9es ! "* ( our spiritual be+4 ,^! fundam5tal ideas :i* x produces conta9 all t we c feel or imag9e ab\t our de/9y & t ( mank9d1 & give our :ole be+ its direction & its value4 ,! en?usiasm :i* comes f ?\ght has ! same relation to t :i* rises f ! cauldron ( feel+ z ! w9d :i* sweeps ! heights has to t :i* eddies ab\t betwe5 ! hills4 ,if we v5ture once m to seek help f ! light ( reason1 we %all no long] keep ourselves d[n at ! level ( a g5]ation :i* has ceas$ to be capable ( en?usiasm1 b %all foll[ ! deep & noble passion inspir$ by great & sublime ideals4 ,?is w s fill & exp& our be+ t t by :i* we n[ live w seem to be m]ely a petty k9d ( excitem5t1 & w disappe>4 ,rationalism is m ?an a movem5t ( ?\ght :i* realiz$ itself at ! end ( ! eighte5? & ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5turies4 ,x is a necess>y ph5om5on 9 all normal spiritual life4 pg #jhi ,all real progress 9 ! _w is 9 ! la/ analysis produc$ by rationalism4 ,x is true t ! intellectual productions ( ! p]iod :i* we designate hi/orically z ! rationali/ic are incomplete & unsatisfactory1 b ! pr9ciple1 :i* 0 !n e/abli%$1 ( bas+ our views ( ! univ]se on ?\ght & ?\ght alone1 is valid = all "t4 ,ev5 if ! tree's e>lie/ fruit did n rip5 p]fectly1 ! tree itself rema9s1 nev]!less1 ! tree ( life = ! life ( our _s4 ,all ! movem5ts t h claim$ to take ! place ( rationalism /& f> bel[ x 9 ! matt] ( a*ievem5t4 ,f speculative ?\ght1 f hi/ory1 f feel+1 f /hetics1 f sci5ce1 !y tri$ to con/ruct a !ory ( ! univ]se1 grubb+ at haphaz>d 9 ! _w ar\nd !m in/ead ( excavat+ sci5tifically4 ,rationalism alone *ose ! "r place = its digg+1 & dug sy/ematically1 accord+ to plan4 ,if x f\nd only metal ( small value1 t 0 because1 ) ! means at its disposal1 x c\ld n g deep en\gh4 ,impov]i%$ & ru9$ z we are because we s\ght z m]e adv5tur]s1 we mu/ make up our m9ds to s9k ano!r %aft 9 ! gr\nd :]e rationalism work$1 & to g d[n ?r\gh all ! /rata to see :e!r we _c f9d ! gold :i* mu/ c]ta9ly be !re4 pg #jij ,to ?9k out to ! end a !ory ( ! univ]se :i* has be5 produc$ by ?\ght--t is ! only possible way ( f9d+ our be>+s amid ! confusion ( ! _w ( ?\ght to-day4 ,philosophical1 hi/orical1 & sci5tific que/ions ) :i* x 0 n capable ( deal+ ov]:elm$ ! e>li] rationalism l an avalan*e1 & buri$ x 9 ! middle ( its j\rney4 ,! new rational !ory ( ! univ]se mu/ "w its way out ( ?is *aos4 ,leav+ itself freely op5 to ! :ole influ5ce ( ! _w ( fact1 x mu/ explore e pa? (f]$ by reflection & k 9 its ef=t to rea* ! ultimate mean+ ( be+ & life1 & to see :e!r x c solve "s ( ! riddles :i* !y pres5t4 ,! ultimate k1 9 :i* man recognizes 8 own be+ z a "p ( ! ,all1 belongs1 !y say1 to ! realm ( my/icism1 by :i* is meant t he does n rea* x by ! me?od ( ord9>y reflection1 b someh[ or o!r lives himself into x4 ,b :y assume t ! road ( ?\ght mu/ sudd5ly /op at ! fronti] ( my/icism8 ,x is true t pure reason has hi!rto call$ a halt :5ev] x came into ?is neighb\rhood1 = x 0 unwill+ to g beyond ! po9t at :i* x c\ld /ill exhibit ev]y?+ z "p ( a smoo?1 logical plan4 ,my/icism1 on its side1 always depreciat$ pg #jia pure reason z mu* z x c\ld1 to prev5t at all co/s ! idea f ga9+ curr5cy t x 0 9 any way b\nd to give an acc\nt to reason4 ,& yet1 al?\gh !y refuse to recognize ea* o!r1 ! two belong to ea* o!r4 ,x is 9 reason t intellect & w1 :i* 9 our nature are my/]i\sly b\nd up toge!r1 seek to come to a mutual und]/&+4 ,! ultimate k t we /rive to acquire is k ( life1 :i* intellect looks at f )\t1 w f )94 ,s9ce life is ! ultimate object ( k1 our ultimate k is necess>ily our ?9k+ exp]i5ce ( life1 b ?is does n lie outside ! sph]e ( reason1 b )9 reason itself4 ,only :5 ! w has ?\ght out its relation to ! intellect1 has come1 z f> z x c1 into l9e ) x1 has p5etrat$ x1 & 9 x become logical1 is x 9 a position to compreh5d itself1 s f> z its nature all[s ?is1 z a "p ( ! univ]sal w-to-live & a "p ( be+ 9 g5]al4 ,if x m]ely leaves ! intellect on "o side1 x loses itself 9 confus$ imag9+s1 :ile ! intellect1 :i*1 l ! rationalism ( ! pa/1 w n all[ t 9 ord] to und]/& life x mu/ f9ally lose itself 9 ?9k+ exp]i5ce1 r5\nces all hope ( con/ruct+ a deep & firmly bas$ !ory ( ! univ]se4 pg #jib ,?us reflection1 :5 pursu$ to ! end1 lead some:]e & someh[ to a liv+ my/icism :i* is = all m5 ev]y:]e a necess>y elem5t ( ?\ght4 ,d\bts :e!r ! mass ( m5 c ev] atta9 to t level ( reflection ab\t !mselves & ! _w :i* is dem&$ by a reflective !ory ( ! univ]se1 are q ju/ifiable if ! man ( to-day is tak5 z an example ( ! race4 ,b he1 ) 8 dim9i%$ ne$ ( ?\ght1 is a pa?ological ph5om5on4 ,9 reality !re is giv5 9 ! m5tal end[m5t ( ! av]age man a capacity = ?\ght :i* to ! individual makes ! creation ( a reflective !ory ( ?+s ( 8 own n only possible1 b "u normal conditions ev5 a necessity4 ,! great movem5ts ( illum9ation 9 anci5t & mod]n times help to ma9ta9 ! confid5t belief t !re is 9 ! mass ( mank9d a p[] ( ?\ght on fundam5tals :i* c be r\s$ to activity4 ,?is belief is /r5g!n$ by obs]vation ( mank9d & int]c\rse ) ! "y4 ,a fundam5tal impulse to reflect ab\t ! univ]se /irs u dur+ ^? ye>s 9 :i* we beg9 to ?9k indep5d5tly4 ,lat] on we let x langui%1 ev5 ?\gh feel+ cle>ly t we !reby impov]i% ourselves & become less capable ( :at is good4 ,we are l spr+s ( wat] :i* no long] run pg #jic because !y h n be5 wat*$ & h gradually become *ok$ ) rubbi%4 ,m ?an any o!r age has our own neglect$ to wat* ! ?\s& spr+s ( ?\ght2 h5ce ! dr\ght 9 :i* we are p9+4 ,b if we only g on to remove ! rubbi% :i* conceals ! wat]1 ! s&s w be irrigat$ aga91 & life w spr+ up :]e hi!rto !re has be5 only a des]t4 ,c]ta9ly !re are guides & ! guid$ 9 ! dep>tm5t ( _w-!ories1 z 9 o!rs4 ,s f> ! indep5d5ce ( ! mass ( m5 rema9s a relative "o4 ,! "q is only :e!r ! influ5ce ( ! guides leads to dep5d5ce or indep5d5ce4 ,! latt] br+s ) x a developm5t 9 ! direction ( tru?fulness2 ! =m] means ! dea? ( t virtue4 ,e be+ :o calls himself a man is meant to develop into a real p]sonality )9 a reflective !ory ( ! univ]se :i* he has creat$ = himself4 99 99 99 99 99 ,b ( :at "* mu/ ! !ory be if ideas & convictions ab\t civilization are to be bas$ on x8 ,t !ory ( ! univ]se is optimi/ic :i* pg #jid gives exi/5ce ! pref]5ce z aga9/ non-exi/5ce & ?us affirms life z some?+ possess+ value 9 itself4 ,f ?is attitude to ! univ]se & to life results ! impulse to raise exi/5ce1 9 s f> z our influ5ce c affect x1 to its highe/ level ( value4 ,!nce orig9ates activity direct$ to ! improvem5t ( ! liv+ conditions ( individuals1 ( society1 ( nations & ( humanity1 f :i* spr+ ! ext]nal a*ievem5ts ( civilization1 ! lord%ip ( _s ov] ! p[]s ( nature1 & ! high] social organization4 ,e?ics is ! activity ( man direct$ to secure ! inn] p]fection ( 8 own p]sonality4 ,9 itself x is q indep5d5t ( :e!r ! !ory ( ! univ]se is pessimi/ic or optimi/ic4 ,b its sph]e ( action is contract$ or wid5$ accord+ z x appe>s 9 connection ) a !ory ( ! fir/ or ! second type4 ,9 ! det]m9i/-pessimi/ic !ory ( ! univ]se1 z we h x 9 ! ?\ght ( ! ,brhmans or ( ,s*op5hau]1 e?ics has no?+ :atev] to d ) ! objective _w4 ,x aims solely at secur+ ! self-p]fection ( ! individual z ?is comes to pass 9 inn] fre$om & disconnection f ! _w & ! _s ( ! _w4 ,b ! scope ( e?ics is ext5d$ 9 proportion pg #jie z x develops & /r5g!ns a connection ) a !ory ( ! univ]se :i* is affirmative t[>d ! _w & life4 ,its aim is n[ ! inn] p]fection ( ! individual & at ! same "t ! direction ( 8 activity s z to take effect on o!r m5 & on ! objective _w4 ,x is true t 9 face ( ! objective _w & its _s e?ics no long] holds itself up to man z an aim 9 itself4 ,by its means man is to become capable ( act+ among m5 & 9 ! _w z a high] & pur] =ce1 & ?us to d 8 "p t[>ds ! actualization ( ! ideal ( g5]al progress4 ,?us ! optimi/ic-e?ical !ory ( ! univ]se works 9 p>tn]%ip ) e?ics to produce civilization4 ,nei!r is capable ( do+ s by itself4 ,optimism supplies confid5ce t ! _w-process has someh[ or o!r a spiritual-s5sible aim1 & t ! improvem5t ( ! g5]al relations ( ! _w & ( society promotes ! spiritual-moral p]fection ( ! individual4 ,f e?ics is d]iv$ ability to develop ! purposive /ate ( m9d necess>y to produce action on ! _w & society & to cause ! co-op]ation ( all our a*ievem5ts to secure ! spiritual & moral p]fection ( ! individual :i* is ! f9al end ( civilization4 ,once we h recogniz$ t ! en]gies :i* spr+ out ( a !ory ( ! univ]se1 & impel u to pg #jif create a civilization1 are root$ 9 ! e?ical & ! optimi/ic1 we get light on ! "q :y & h[ our ideals ( civilization got worn out4 ,?is "q is n to be answ]$ by good or bad analogies f nature4 ,! decisive answ] is t !y got worn out because we _h n succe$$ 9 e/abli%+ ! e?ical & optimi/ic elem5ts on a suffici5tly firm f\ndation4 ,if we %\ld analyse ! process 9 :i* ! ideas & convictions t produce civilization reveal !mselves1 x w\ld be f\nd t :5ev] an advance has be5 regi/]$1 ei!r ! optimi/ or ! e?ical elem5t 9 ! !ory ( ! univ]se has prov$ m attractive ?an usual1 & has _h z its consequ5ce a progressive developm5t4 ,:5 civilization is decay+ !re is ! same *a9 ( causation1 b x works negatively4 ,! build+ is damag$ or falls 9 because ! optimi/ elem5t or ! e?ical1 or bo?1 give way l a weak f\ndation4 ,no am\nt ( inquiry w give any o!r reason = ! *anges4 ,all imag9able ideas & convictions ( t "* spr+ f optimism & ! e?ical impulse4 ,if ^! two pill>s are /rong en\gh1 we ne$ h no fe>s ab\t ! build+4 ,! future ( civilization dep5ds1 !re=e1 on :e!r x is possible = ?\ght to rea* a !ory ( ! univ]se :i* w h a m secure & pg #jig fundam5tal hold on optimism & ! e?ical impulse ?an its pr$ecessors h _h4 99 99 99 99 99 ,we ,we/]n]s dream ( a !ory ( ! univ]se :i* corresponds to our impulse to action & at ! same "t ju/ifies x4 ,we h n be5 able to =mulate su* a !ory def9itely4 ,at pres5t we are 9 ! /ate ( possess+ m]ely an impulse )\t any def9ite ori5tation4 ,! _s ( ! age drives u into action )\t all[+ u to atta9 any cle> view ( ! objective _w & ( life4 ,x claims our toil inexorably 9 ! s]vice ( ?is or t end1 ?is or t a*ievem5t4 ,x keeps u 9 a sort ( intoxication ( activity s t we may nev] h "t to reflect & to ask ourselves :at ?is re/less sacrifice ( ourselves to ends & a*ievem5ts really has to d ) ! mean+ ( ! _w & ( our lives4 ,& s we w&] hi!r & ?i!r 9 ! ga!r+ dusk =m$ by lack ( any def9ite !ory ( ! univ]se l homeless1 drunk5 m]c5>ies1 & enli/ indiff]5tly 9 ! s]vice ( ! common & ! great )\t di/+ui%+ betwe5 !m4 ,& ! m hopeless becomes ! condition ( ! _w 9 :i* ?is adv5tur\s impulse to action & progress ranges to & fro1 ! m bewild]$ pg #jih becomes our :ole conception ( ?+s & ! m purposeless & irrational ! do+s ( ^? :o h enli/$ "u ! bann] ( su* an impulse4 ,h[ little reflection is pres5t 9 ! ,we/]n impulse to action becomes evid5t :5 ?is tries to squ>e its ideas ) ^? ( ! ,f> ,ea/4 ,= ?\ght 9 ! ,f> ,ea/ has be5 con/antly occupi$ 9 its se>* = ! mean+ ( life1 & =ces u to consid] ! problem ( ! mean+ ( our own re/lessness1 ! problem :i* we ,we/]n]s burke s p]si/5tly4 ,we are utt]ly at a loss :5 we contemplate ! ideas :i* are pres5t$ to u 9 ,indian ?\ght4 ,we turn away f ! intellectual presumption :i* we f9d !re4 ,we are consci\s ( ! unsatisfy+ & incomplete elem5ts 9 ! ideal ( cessation f action4 ,we feel in/9ctively t ! w-to-progress is ju/ifi$ n only 9 its aspect z direct$ to ! spiritual p]fection ( p]sonality1 b also 9 t :i* looks t[>ds ! g5]al & mat]ial4 ,= ourselves we d>e to allege t we adv5tur]s1 :o take up an affirmative attitude t[>d ! _w & t[>d life1 h[ev] great & ev5 gha/ly our mi/akes may be1 c yet %[ n only great] mat]ial1 b also great] spiritual & e?ical1 contributions ?an c ^? :o lie "u ! ban ( a !ory ( ! univ]se *>act]iz$ by cessation f action4 pg #jii ,& yet1 all ! same1 we _c feel ourselves completely ju/ifi$ 9 ! face ( ^! /range ,ea/]n !ories4 ,!y h 9 !m some?+ full ( nobility :i* reta9s its hold on u1 ev5 fasc9ates u4 ,?is t+e ( nobility comes f ! fact t ^! convictions are born ( a se>* = a !ory ( ! univ]se & = ! mean+ ( life4 ,) u1 on ! o!r h&1 activi/ in/9cts & impulses take ! place ( a !ory ( ! univ]se4 ,we h no !ory affirm+ ! _w & life to oppose to ! negative !ory ( ^! ?9k]s1 no ?\ght :i* has f\nd a basis = an optimi/ic conception ( exi/5ce to oppose to ?is o!r1 :i* has arriv$ at a pessimi/ic conception4 ,! reawak5+ ( ! ,we/]n _s mu/ ?us beg9 by our p1 educat$ & simple alike1 becom+ consci\s ( _! lack ( a !ory ( ! univ]se & feel+ ! horror ( _! consequ5t position4 ,we c no long] be satisfi$ to make %ift ) sub/itutes = su* a !ory4 ,:at is ! basis ( ! w-to-activity & progress :i* impels bo? to great actions & to t]rible de$s1 & :i* tries to keep u f reflection8 ,we mu/ b5d all our en]gies to ! solution ( ?is problem4 ,!re is only "o way 9 :i* we c hope to em]ge f ! mean+less /ate 9 :i* we are pg #ajj n[ held captive into "o in=m$ ) mean+4 ,ea* "o ( u mu/ turn to contemplate 8 own be+1 & we mu/ all give ourselves to co-op]ative reflection s z to discov] h[ our w to action & to progress may be intellectually bas$ on ! way 9 :i* we int]pret our own lives & ! life ar\nd u1 & ! mean+ :i* we give to ^!4 ,! great revision ( ! convictions & ideals 9 :i* & = :i* we live w only take place :51 by con/antly proclaim+ !m1 we h giv5 curr5cy among our contempor>ies to ideas & ?\ghts o!r & bett] ?an ^? by :i* !y are dom9at$ at ! mom5t4 ,only ?us w ! _m come to reflect ab\t ! mean+ ( life & to reori5tate1 revise & make ov] aga9 _! ideals ( action & ( progress1 ask+ !mselves :e!r ^! h a mean+ 9 accord ) t :i* we attribute to our life itself4 ,?is p]sonal reflection ab\t f9al & elem5tal ?+s is ! "o & only reliable way ( measur+ values4 ,my will+ & do+ h real mean+ & value only 9 proportion z ! aims :i* action sets be=e itself c be ju/ifi$ z be+ 9 direct accord ) my int]pretation ( my own & ( o!r life4 ,all else1 h[ev] mu* x may pass curr5t z approv$ by tradition1 usage1 & public op9ion1 is va9 & dang]\s4 ,x seems1 inde$1 a matt] = scorn & d]ision pg #aja t we %\ld urge m5 to any?+ s remote z a return to reflection ab\t ! mean+ ( life at a "t :5 ! suff]+s & ! follies ( ! nations h become s int5se & s ext5d$1 :5 unemploym5t & pov]ty & />vation are rife1 :5 p[] is be+ dissipat$ on all sides 9 ! mo/ %ameless & s5seless way1 & :5 organiz$ human life is dislocat$ 9 e direction4 ,b only :5 ! g5]al population beg9s to reflect 9 ?is way w =ces come into be+ :i* w be able to effect some?+ to c\nt]balance all ?is ru9 & mis]y4 ,:atev] o!r measures x is attempt$ to c>ry out w h d\btful & altoge!r inadequate results4 ,:5 9 ! spr+ ! )]$ grey ( ! pa/ures gives place to gre51 ?is is due to ! millions ( "y %oots :i* spr\t up fre%ly f ! old roots4 ,9 l mann] ! revival ( ?\ght :i* is ess5tial = our "t c only come ?r\gh a trans=mation ( ! op9ions & ideals ( ! _m br\ght ab\t by individual & univ]sal reflection ab\t ! mean+ ( life & ( ! _w4 ,b are we sure ( be+ able to ?9k out t affirmation ( ! _w & ( life1 :i* is su* a p[]ful impulse 9 u1 into a !ory ( ! _w & ( life f :i* a /ream ( en]gy productive pg #ajb ( intelligible life & action may conv9c+ly & con/antly proce$8 ,h[ are we to succe$ 9 do+ :at ! _s ( ! ,we/]n _w dur+ pa/ g5]ations has 9 va9 toil$ to accompli%8 ,ev5 if ?\ght1 once m awak5$1 %\ld only atta9 to an incomplete & unsatisfy+ !ory ( ! univ]se1 yet ?is1 z ! tru? to :i* we h ourselves work$ ?r\gh1 w\ld be ( m value ?an a complete lack ( any !ory at all1 or1 alt]natively1 ?an any sort ( au?oritative !ory to :i*1 neglect+ ! dem&s ( true ?\ght1 we cl+ on acc\nt ( its suppos$ intr9sic value )\t hav+ any real & ?or\gh belief 9 x4 ,! beg9n+ ( all spiritual life ( any real value is c\rage\s fai? 9 tru? & op5 confession ( ! same4 ,! mo/ pr(\nd religi\s exp]i5ce1 too1 is n ali5 to ?\ght1 b mu/ be capable ( d]ivation f ?is if x is to be giv5 a true & deep basis4 ,m]e reflection ab\t ! mean+ ( life has already value 9 itself4 ,if su* reflection %\ld aga9 come into be+ among/ u1 ! ideals1 born ( vanity & ( suff]+1 :i* n[ fl\ri% 9 rank pr(usion l evil we$s among ! convictions ( ! g5]ality ( p1 w\ld infallibly )] away & die4 ,h[ mu* w\ld already be accompli%$ t[>ds our salvation f our pres5t circum/ances if only we w\ld all give up ?ree m9utes e ev5+ to gaz+ up into ! inf9ite pg #ajc _w ( ! />ry heav5s & m$itat+ on x1 or if 9 tak+ "p 9 a fun]al procession we w\ld reflect on ! enigma ( life & dea?1 in/ead ( engag+ 9 ?\ghtless conv]sation z we foll[ beh9d ! c(f96 ,! ideals1 born ( folly & suff]+1 ( ^? :o make public op9ion & direct public ev5ts1 w\ld h no m p[] ov] m5 if !y once began to reflect ab\t et]nity & mortality1 exi/5ce & dissolution1 & ?us le>nt to di/+ui% betwe5 true & false /&>ds1 betwe5 ^? :i* possess real value & ^? :i* d n4 ,! old-"t rabbis us$ to tea* t ! k+dom ( ,god w\ld come if only ! :ole ( ,israel w\ld really keep a s+le ,sabba? simultane\sly6 ,h[ mu* m is x true t ! inju/ice & viol5ce & untru?1 :i* are n[ br++ s mu* disa/] on ! human race1 w\ld lose _! p[] if only a s+le real trace ( reflection ab\t ! mean+ ( ! _w & ( life %\ld appe> among/ u6 ,b is !re n a dang] 9 *all5g+ m5 ) ?is "q ab\t ! mean+ ( life & 9 dem&+ t our impulse to action %\ld ju/ify & cl>ify itself 9 su* reflection z t ( :i* we h spok58 ,%all we n lose1 9 acc$+ to ?is dem&1 "s irreplaceable elem5t ( nave en?usiasm8 pg #ajd ,we ne$ n ?us be anxi\s z to h[ /rong or h[ weak our impulse to action w prove to be :5 x %all h arriv$1 z ! result ( intellectual reflection1 at an int]pretation ( life4 ,only t has real mean+ = life :i* is giv5 z an elem5t ( our int]pretation ( life4 ,x is n ! quantity1 b ! quality1 ( activity t really matt]s4 ,:at is ne$$ is t our w-to-action %\ld become consci\s ( itself & %\ld cease to "w bl9dly4 ,b p]haps1 x may be object$1 we %all end 9 ! resignation ( agno/icism1 & %all be oblig$ to confess t we _c discov] any mean+ 9 ! univ]se or 9 life4 ,if ?\ght is to set out on its j\rney unhamp]$1 x mu/ be prep>$ = any?+1 ev5 = arrival at intellectual agno/icism4 ,b ev5 if our w-to-action is de/9$ to wre/le endlessly & unavail+ly ) an agno/ic view ( ! univ]se & ( life1 /ill ?is pa9ful dis5*antm5t is bett] = x ?an p]si/5t refusal to ?9k out its position at all4 ,= ?is dis5*antm5t does1 at any rate1 mean t we are cle> z to :at we are do+4 ,!re is1 h[ev]1 no necessity :atev] = su* an attitude ( resignation4 ,we feel t a position ( affirmation reg>d+ ! _w & life is some?+ :i* is 9 itself bo? necess>y & valuable4 ,!re=e x is at lea/ likely t a f\ndation c be pg #aje f\nd = x 9 ?\ght4 ,s9ce x is an innate elem5t ( our w-to-live1 x mu/ be possible to compreh5d x z a necess>y coroll>y to our int]pretation ( life4 ,p]haps we %all h to look else:]e ?an we h done hi!rto = ! real basis ( t !ory ( ! univ]se :i* c>ries ) x affirmation ( ! _w & ( life4 ,previ\s ?\ght imag9$ t x c\ld d$uce ! mean+ ( life f its int]pretation ( ! univ]se4 ,x may be t we %all be oblig$ to resign ourselves to ab&on ! problem ( ! int]pretation ( ! univ]se & to f9d ! mean+ ( our life 9 ! w-to-live z ?is exi/s 9 ourselves4 ,! ways along :i* we h to /ruggle t[>d ! goal may be veil$ 9 d>kness1 yet ! direction 9 :i* we mu/ travel is cle>4 ,we mu/ reflect toge!r ab\t ! mean+ ( life2 we mu/ /rive toge!r to atta9 to a !ory ( ! univ]se affirmative ( ! _w & ( life1 9 :i* ! impulse to action :i* we exp]i5ce z a necess>y & valuable elem5t ( our be+ may f9d ju/ification1 ori5tation1 cl>ity & dep?1 may receive a fre% access ( moral /r5g?1 & be retemp]$1 & ?us become capable ( =mulat+1 & ( act+ on1 def9ite ideals ( civilization1 inspir$ by ! _s ( true humanit>ianism4 ,,footnotes 99 ,weltans*auung4 ,translat$ #8!ory ( ! univ]se' ?r\gh\t ! fir/ "p & else:]e 9 ?is preface4 99 ,translat$ 8_w-view0 ?r\gh\t ! second "p ( ^! ,lectures4 ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes ,! =matt+ ( bo? ! 4htm & 4txt files foll[$ t ( two simil> books1 ,! ,que/ ( ! ,hi/orical ,jesus & ,! ,my/]y ( ! ,k+dom ( ,god1 already 9 ,project ,gut5b]g4 ,9 ! 4txt v]sion ,i h us$ utf#h encod+ & ! foll[+ m>k]s3 #a4 italic text surr\nd$ by #b4 footnote ref]5ces 9 ! =m 7numb]7 ,i h includ$ page numb]s 9 ! =mat pg xxx = bo? 4htm & 4txt4 ,i made sev]al hyph5ation *oices1 mo/ly =c$ by de-hyph5ation at ! ends ( l9es3 #a4 _w-!ory #b4 ov]com+ #c4 self-reg>d+ #d4 nev]-conc5trat$ #e4 ov]-organization #f4 ov]-valuation #g4 self-importance #h4 rococo-m9i/]s #i4 non-exi/5ce ,9 addition1 on page #e ( ! 4pdf file on ,int]net ,ar*ive1 ! display ( ?is page 0 corrupt$ 9 my copy4 ,z po9t$ out by an editor1 ?is has be5 correct$ 9 ! curr5t v]sion at ,int]net ,ar*ive4 ,on page #hd ! ^w 8n0 9 ! s5t5ce3 8,! rul]s1 small & great alike1 did n act 9 accordance ) ! _s ( ! age40 0 *ang$ to 8no?+ b04 ,! orig9al ,g]man is3 8,die kle95 und die groen ,regi]5d5 tat5 ni*ts &]es1 als da sie im ,gei/e d] ,zeit h&elt540 ,google ,translate 7#d_/be_/bjbe7 r5d]s ?is z3 8,! small & ! big rul]s did no?+ o!r ?an act 9 ! _s ( ! times40 ,! pr9t$ s5t5ce 9 ! book is ei!r a typo or a mis-translation4 ,x does n fit ! s5se ( ! au?or :o means t ! rul]s !mselves are n to blame = ! collapse ( civilization b r x is ! fault ( ! 8_s ( ! age04