,,! ,,op5 ,,conspiracy          ,,mr4   
,,wells ,,has ,,also ,,writt5 ,,!       
,,foll[+ ,,books ,,on ,,social1         
,,religi\s ,,&  ,,political ,,que/ions  
,anticipations 7#aijj7    ,a ,mod]n     
,utopia    ,! ,future 9 ,am]ica    ,new 
,worlds = ,old    ,fir/ & ,la/ ,?+s     
,god ! ,invisible ,k+    ,! ,outl9e (   
,hi/ory    ,russia 9 ! ,%ad[s    ,!     
,salvag+ ( ,civilisation    ,wa%+ton & !
 ,hope ( ,peace    ,a ,%ort ,hi/ory ( ! 
,_w    ,! ,/ory ( a ,great ,s*oolma/]   
,a ,ye> ( ,prophesy+    ,democracy ,"u  
,revision    ,hi/ory    ,mr4 ,belloc    
,objects to ! ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory    ,!   
,way ! ,_w ,is ,go+          ,h4 ,g4    
,,wells      ,,! ,,op5 ,,conspiracy     
,,blue ,,pr9ts ,,= ,a ,,_w ,,revolution 
,illu/ration3 ,colophon ,d\bl$ay1 ,doran
      ,,g>d5 ,,city    ,,new ,,york     
,,d\bl$ay1 ,,doran    ,,& ,,company1    
,,inc4    #aibh            ,,copyright1 
#aibh1 ,,by ,,d\bl$ay1 ,,doran          
,,company1 ,,inc4 ,,all ,,eights        
,,res]v$4    ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$    

,,/ates ,,at ,,!    ,,c\ntry ,,life     
,,press1 ,,g>d5 ,,city1 ,n4 ,y4         
,to    ,,daniel ,,g]bault    :o ask$ me 
to    write ?is book          ,,preface 
,?is book /ates z pla9ly & cle>ly z     
possible ! ess5tial ideas  ( my life1 ! 
p]spective ( my _w4 ,ev]y?+ else t ,i h 
be5 or done seems to me to h be5        
contributory to or illu/rative  ( ^!    
ideas & sugge/ions4 ,my o!r writ+s1 )   
h>dly an  exception1 explore1 try ov]1  
illum9ate1 comm5t ^u or fl[] out (  !   
ess5tial matt] t ,i "h attempt at la/ to
 /rip b>e to its  f\ndations & /ate     
unmi/akably4 ,?is is my religion4 ,"h   
are my  directive aims & ! crit]ia ( all
 ,i d4    ,s9ce ! subject ( ?is book is 
! :ole de/9y ( man1 & !  :ole duty (    
man1 x w c]ta9ly be call$ a pret5ti\s   
book4  ,t w be a *>ge too obvi\s to miss
 & we c consid] x made4  ,b x is no m   
pret5ti\s to "w ^u ! :ole ( life ?an ^u 
p>ts & aspects ( life2 x is a "q ( scale
 & me?od2 !  intellectual ef=t ne$$1 !  
quality ( ! "w requir$ = mak+  ! map ( a

 cont95t may be less ?an & inf]ior to t 
dem&$  by ! *emical exam9ation ( a      
muscle fibre or ! inve/igation (  atomic
 /ructure4 ,a man is n pret5ti\s because
 he works ) !  !odolite in/ead ( !      
microscope4 ,"s m5 "w ^u ! bulki]       
common issues2 "s ^u f9] & subtl]       
que/ions4 ,to e man 8  task4 ,!re is no 
hi]>*y 9 human ?\ght4    ,"h1 giv5      
t5tatively1 ) _m evid5t faults & gaps1  
is a s*eme  = all human conduct4 ,x     
discusses :at %\ld man be do+ & :at     
%\ld m5 be do+4 ,x /ates a g5]al =m &   
direction = !  cr[d+ ru% ( mod]n ideas &
 impulsions4 ,i believe t ^u  su* l9es z
 ,i h drawn1 ! creative =ces 9 our      
species c  be organis$ & may be         
organis$1 9 a compreh5sive fight aga9/  
individual & collective fru/ration &    
dea?4 ,i believe also t  !re is no o!r  
direction b ?is direction along :i*     
mank9d c  escape f ! insecurity ( an    
animal :i* has be5 evolv$ &  :i* may    
pres5tly be degrad$ or ext+ui%$ 9 ! play
 ( mat]ial  ?+s4 ,! accid5t ( a great   

opportunity1 ,i hold1 has happ5$ to  our
 k9d4 ,x is opportunity & n de/9y we    
face4    ,s ,i be> my witness & argue my
 design4 ,?is is1 ,i decl>e1 ! tru?  & !
 way ( salvation4 ,if ,i c\ld1 ,i w\ld  
put ?is book be=e  e m9d 9 ! _w4 ,i w\ld
 say1 tell me :]e ?is is wrong1 or  tell
 me :y y d n live aft] ^! pr9ciples4    
,i pray ! read] = a pati5t read+4 ,?is  
is1 ,i submit1 matt] (  v great mom5t to
 him4 ,my phras+1 my idiom ( ?\ght may n
 be  84 ,w he =give t = ! sake ( !      
sub/ance ,i am putt+  be=e him8 ,x is   
a/ir already 9 _m intellig5ces & x is an
  amplify+ gr\p ( ideas4 ,i am m]ely !  
obs]v] :o notes 8 own  adhesion & draws 
att5tion1 eag]ly & e>ne/ly1 to :at is   
go+  on & to ! quality ( our pres5t     
occasion4 ,w ! read] at  lea/ try to    
und]/& be=e he refutes8 ,i am discuss+  
"h !  possibility ( an imm5se & hopeful 
revolution 9 human affairs &  ( an      
enliv5+ & ennobl+ *ange 9 our lives4 ,i 
am discuss+  :e!r our species1 he & ,i )
 x & "p ( x1 is to live or  die4        

,,cont5ts      ,preface                 
p4 vii      ,*4 ,i4 ,necessity (        
,religion to ,human ,life               
#a         ,,ii4 ,subord9ation ( ,self !
 ,ess5ce ( ,religion        #h          
,,iii4 ,ne$ = a ,re/atem5t ( ,religion  
#aa         ,,iv4 ,objective ,expression
 ( ,mod]n ,religion             #bj     
,v4 ,! ,frame ( ! ,task be=e ,mank9d3   
,! ,_w ,commonweal                      
#bg         ,,vi4 ,broad ,*>act]i/ics ( 
! ,_w ,commonweal       #cb             
,,vii4 ,no ,/able ,utopia ,is           
,contemplat$                    #ee     
,,viii4 ,! ,op5 ,conspiracy ,mu/ ,be    
,het]og5e\s           #eg         ,,ix4 
,=ces & ,resi/ances 9 ! ,great ,mod]n   
,communities ,n[ ,preval5t1 ,:i* ,w ,be 
,antagoni/ic to ! ,op5 ,conspiracy      
#fh          ,x4 ,! ,op5 ,conspiracy & !
 ,resi/ances (             ! ,less      
,indu/rialis$ ,peoples                  
#ie         ,,xi4 ,resi/ances &         
,antagoni/ic ,=ces 9 ,ourselves   #aab  
,,xii4 ,! ,op5 ,conspiracy ,mu/ beg9 z a

 ,movem5t             ( ,explanation &  
,propag&a                    #abf       
,,xiii4 ,e>ly ,con/ructive ,"w ( ! ,op5 
,conspiracy     #add        ,,xiv4      
,exi/+ & ,develop+ ,movem5ts ) ,:i*     
! ,op5 ,conspiracy ,may ,hope to        
,coalesce         #afd         ,,xv4 ,! 
,creative ,home1 ,social ,gr\p & ,s*ool3
 ,!             ,pres5t ,wa/e ( ,y\?ful 
,s]i\sness            #agh        ,,xvi4
 ,progressive ,developm5t ( !           
,activities (            ! ,op5         
,conspiracy into a ,_w ,control &       
,commonweal3 ,! ,haz>ds ( ! ,conflict   
#ahe       ,,xvii4 ,! ,_w ,community    
#aid             ,m>g9al ,note          
#aig          ,,! ,,op5 ,,conspiracy    
,*apt] ,i    ,,necessity ,,( ,,religion 
,,to ,,human ,,life      ,few p1 if any1
 are always su/a9$ by unselfi% or       
religi\s  motives1 & few or none are    
altoge!r beyond _! influ5ce4  ,! daily  
lives ( ! great majority ( human be+s   
are frankly  irreligi\s2 !y seem to     
diff] only 9 _! scope1 v>iety &         

intellig5ce f ! lives ( animals2 !y are 
det]m9$ by  in/9ctive impulses1         
individual desires & p]sonal ends2 !y   
pass  f "o satisfaction or disappo9tm5t 
to ano!r2 !y are attract$  & deflect$ by
 casual enc\nt]s2 !y =get m or less     
completely  & !y resume4 ,nev]!less1 !  
conduct ( mo/ lives is re/rict$  & def9$
 by ! preval5t conceptions ( :at is     
hon\rable &  becom+1 & "r & wrong4      
,al?\gh ! lives ( ! great run (  p are  
nei!r moral ess5tially nor ess5tially   
religi\s1 !y  respect curr5t moral &    
religi\s =ms & maxims1 j z !y  con=m to 
curr5t usages & beat5 tracks4 ,x is !   
l9e ( lea/  resi/ance = !m1 & t         
suffices4    ,communities h be5 held    
toge!r 9 ! pa/ & are /ill held  toge!r  
by laws & moral codes sy/ematis$ ^u     
religi\s ideas1  & ?is al?\gh few p h m 
?an a sup]ficial appreh5sion  ( su*     
ideas4 ,religion 9 its complet5ess has  
always be5 !  peculi>ity ( a m9ority2 x 
has %ap$ & inn]vat$ communities  b nev] 
p]vad$ !m ?r\gh\t4 ,b its pres5ce seems 

to h  be5 necess>y = collective life4   
,)\t x morality 0 baseless  & law       
unju/ifiable4 ,! int]mitt5t disposition 
( mo/ human  be+s t[>ds "s sort (       
righte\sness beyond self-seek+ has be5  
upheld1 z "s sprawl+1 weak-jo9t$ climb+ 
plant may be upheld  on a trellis1 by t 
m /eadfa/ m9ority ( s9c]e & devot$      
p]sons4 ,x is ^! latt] :o h pres]v$     
dis9t]e/$ /&>ds1  & :o /ill pres]ve !m2 
:o h be5 & :o cont9ue to be !  salt ( ! 
e>?4    ,religi\s ideas 9 ! pa/ h d]iv$ 
f ! mo/ div]se  emotional & intellectual
 orig9s 9 ! integrat+ m9d (  man4       
,speculative explanations1 metaphors    
h>d5$ by usage into  quasi-factual      
/atem5ts1 fantasies aris+ out ( g]m9at+ 
& suppress$ impulses1 false analogies1  
p>ables begott5 &  lit by fla%es (      
spiritual insight1 traditions           
misconceiv$ &  di/ort$1 dogmatic        
excesses 9 explicitness evok$ by !      
irritation  ( contradictory criticism1 !
 odd compromises ( !ological            
diplomati/s1 ! crav+ = sup]natural      

sanctions & v9dications  & ! nightm>e   
creations ( fe>1 t haunt+ %ad[ ( all    
consci\s life1 h m+l$ inextricably 9 e  
religi\s fabric4  ,b ! survival value ( 
a religion to a community has la9 always
 9  ! practical assi/ance x af=d$ 9 !   
subord9ation ( self &  ! a*ievem5t (    
co-op]ative loyalties n o!rwise         
obta9able4  ,no community seems ev] to h
 be5 held toge!r 9 :olesome  & vigor\s  
collective life by 8enlight5$           
self-int]e/0 alone4  ,enlight5$         
self-int]e/ 9 exceptional cases & "u    
slight or  mod]ate /resses may produce  
en\gh simulat$ dis9t]e/$ness to be      
practically undi/+ui%able f public      
virtue1 & ! great mass (  lives 9 e     
community is no d\bt kept at ?is or t   
moral level1  & 9 ?is or t =m ( behavi\r
 accord+ to ! quality &  int5sity ( !   
beliefs t hold t community toge!r )     
little  or no co-op]at+ =ce 9 ! lives   
!mselves4 ,b some:]e &  effectively 9 t 
community ! su/a9+ beliefs ( ! community
  mu/ be passionately & s9c]ely held &  

ma9ta9$4 ,a community  :]e b9d+ beliefs 
h decay$ altoge!r is l a build+ ^:      
mort> has be5 *ang$ to s&4 ,x may /& = a
 "t1 b x /&s  prec>i\sly4    ,n[ 9 !    
communities 9 :i* we are liv+ to-day !re
 has be5  a f>-rea*+ weak5+ & *ange 9   
religi\s beliefs4 ,?is has  be5 due to  
an enorm\s gr[? ( k1 to an enhanc$ vig\r
  ( criticism1 to a relative enfeeblem5t
 ( gov]nm5t & au?ority  :i* releas$     
unprec$5t$ fre$om ( spee* & p]mitt$ !   
cry/allisation ( d\bts into coh]5t &    
militant d5ials4 ,at !  same "t !re h   
be5 developm5ts ( ! me*anical conditions
 (  life t h enl>g$ ! scale ( possible  
human op]ations1 made  economical life  
increas+ly int]national & br\ght once   
autonom\s  /ates & regions into a       
mutually dis9tegrative intimacy (       
reaction4  ,! /resses ^u our communities
 are great] ?an !y h ev]  be5 & ! bl9d+ 
=ces less4 ,! outlook be=e our race     
seems  !re=e to be wid]1 m unc]ta9 & mu*
 m dang]\s ?an has  ev] appe>$ be=e4    
,9 ! pa/1 9 ! hi/ory ( e community !re h

 be5  phases ( moral & religi\s         
confusion4 ,! beliefs & ideas (  "r     
conduct t h s]v$ hi!rto beg91 9 !       
pres5ce (  new circum/ances or new      
*all5ges1 to lose au?ority or to fail 9 
meet+ curr5t moral problems4 ,an age (  
relaxation & a sort (  exp]im5tal       
wick$ness dawns4 ,scruples vani%4       
,trea*]y1 cruelty1  unre/ra9$           
self-indulg5ce1 :i* h be5 kept "u       
hat*es1  em]ge conspicu\sly4 ,gov]nm5t  
becomes m adv5tur\s1 tyrann\s  & unju/1 
& ! moral di/9ction betwe5 rul] & brig& 
f9es  away to ! vani%+-po9t4 ,!re seems 
no long] any good fai?  nor any         
sweetness ( s\l 9 human life1 except    
among ! sacrificial  simple4 ,:at w = a 
bett] life /ill manife/s itself 9 ! _w  
is = a :ile q unable to take hold ( !   
disord]4 ,italy 9  ! ,ma*iavellian p]iod
 & ,g]many aft] ! intricate w>s ( !     
,re=mation may be cit$ z typical        
in/ances ( su* 8wick$0 phases  9 social 
hi/ory4 ,yet x 0 n t ! he>t ( man *ang$ 
=  ! worse 9 ^? ages1 n t !re 0 a sudd5 

g5]ation (  vip]s1 b t intellectual     
confusion _h divid$ & enfeebl$ t        
grav]-spirit$ m9ority :i* _h1 "u m      
assur$ conditions1  su/a9$ ! fai? ( mo/ 
p & ! moral discipl9es (  ev]yone4 ,!   
quality ( ! +r$i5ts ( ! human mixture   
rema9$  ! same1 b ! re/ra9+ & directive 
=ces _h 9 _!  int]play come ^u a phase (
 mutual neutralisation & collective     
ineffectiv5ess4    ,!re are _m signs t  
to-day ov] l>ge p>ts ( ! _w !re is  a   
drift t[>ds su* ano!r dis9tegrative &   
di/ressful phase4 ,!  brig&1 ! boss & ! 
adv5tur] become port5t\sly successful  &
 immune4 ,p :o1 9 o!r times1 w\ld h be5 
active &  confid5t 9 _! own lives &     
vigor\sly co-op]ative 9 ! control  (    
human affairs are unc]ta9 9 _! he>ts &  
unhappy 9 _!  int]v5tions4 ,! old fai?s 
h become unconv9c+1 unsub/antial  &     
ins9c]e1 & ?\gh !re are cle> intimations
 ( a new fai? 9  ! _w1 x /ill awaits    
embodim5t 9 =mul & organisations t  w   
br+ x into effective reaction ^u human  
affairs z a :ole4    ,?is pres5t essay  

is an attempt to assemble ^! intimations
 9 a  =m t w be available = ! practical 
direction ( ! writ]'s  & ! read]'s life4
          ,*apt] ,,ii    ,,subord9ation 
,,( ,,self ,,! ,,ess5ce ,,( ,,religion  
,! religions t hi!rto h s]v$ ov] wide   
regions & =  consid]able p]iods ( "t to 
su/a9 m5 9 m or less ord]ly1  hone/1    
dec5t & progressive societies1 h be5    
pres5t$ to !  g5]ality & accept$ by !   
g5]ality 9 extremely att5uat$  =ms4 ,9  
_! beg9n+s !y 7 all int5se &            
uncompromis+4  ,*ri/ianity1 = example1  
began ) ! complete/ communism1          
,buddhism ) an entire r5unciation (     
e>?ly desire1 ,islam ) !  passionate &  
=cible d$ication ( ! :ole _w to ,allah4 
,soon]  or lat]1 h[ev]1 ! propag&i/ came
 to t]ms ) human weakness  & /ruck a    
b>ga9 = a *eap] =m ( common proselyte4  
,b ?\gh ! cre$ & practice might ne$     
light5+ & fitt+ to  cu/om>y humanity    
be=e !y c\ld be univ]sally accept$1 !re 
appe>$ no ess5tial conflict 9 ! process 
betwe5 ! int5se &  ! sup]ficial =m4 ,!  

common man ass5t$ to ev]y?+ 9 !         
doctr9e1 & m]ely ask$ to h ! m difficult
 & on]\s t]ms  def]r$ or mitigat$4 ,8   
plea = 8 p]sonal insuffici5cy 0         
weakness & n diss5t4    ,9 _!           
complet5ess1 9 _! esot]ic =ms1 9 ! life 
t 0  pr(essionally religi\s1 religions h
 always dem&$ great  subord9ations (    
self4 ,!re9 lay _! creative usefulness4 
,!re  is no su* ?+ z a self-conta9$     
religion1 a private religi\s  solo4     
,c]ta9 =ms ( ,prote/antism & "s my/ical 
types come  ne> to mak+ religion a      
seclud$ duet betwe5 ! individual &  8   
div9ity1 b "h t may be reg>d$ z a       
p]v]sion ( !  religi\s impulse4 ,j z !  
normal sexual complex excites & /irs  ! 
individual out ( 8 egotism to s]ve !    
ends ( ! race1 s !  normal religi\s     
process takes ! individual out ( 8      
egotism =  ! s]vice ( ! community4 ,x is
 n a b>ga91 a 8social contract10  betwe5
 ! individual & ! community2 x is a     
subord9ation (  bo? ! exi/+ individual &
 ! exi/+ community 9 relation to        

some?+1 a div9ity1 a div9e ord]1 a /&>d1
 a righte\sness1  m important ?an ei!r4 
,:at is call$ 9 ! phraseology (  c]ta9  
religions 8conviction ( s90 & 8! flight 
f ! ,city  ( ,de/ruction0 are famili>   
in/ances ( ?is ref]5ce ( !  self-c5tr$  
individual & ! curr5t social life to    
some?+ f>  bett] ?an ei!r ! "o or ! o!r4
    ,?is is ! ?ird elem5t 9 ! religi\s  
relation%ip1 a hope1 a  promise1 an     
objective :i* turns ! conv]t n only f   
himself  b f ! 8_w0 z x is1 t[>ds bett] 
?+s4 ,fir/ comes  self-disreg>d1 !n     
s]vice1 & !n ?is recon/ructive creative 
urg5cy4    ,= t m9ority ( m9ds :i* ,i h 
already spok5 ( z !  salt ( ! e>?1 ?is  
aspect ( religion seems to h be5 its    
prim>y attraction4 ,"o has to rememb] t 
!re is a w =  religion scatt]$ ?r\gh\t  
mank9d4 ,religion has nev] pursu$ its   
di/9ctive vot>ies2 !y h come to meet x4 
,! desire to give  oneself to great]    
ends ?an ! ev]yday life af=ds1 & to give
  oneself freely1 is cle>ly dom9ant 9 t 
m9ority & traceable 9  an incalculable  

proportion ( ! majority4          ,*apt]
 ,,iii    ,,ne$ ,,= ,a ,,re/atem5t ,,(  
,,religion      ,e great religion has   
expla9$ itself 9 ! =m ( a hi/ory &  a   
cosmogony4 ,x has be5 felt necess>y to  
say ,:y & ,to  :at end4 ,e religion has 
_h necess>ily to adopt ! physical       
conceptions & usually also to assume _m 
( ! moral & social  values curr5t at !  
"t ( its f\ndation4 ,x c\ld n transc5d  
! philosophical phrases & attitudes t   
seem$ !n to supply !  natural frame = a 
fai?1 nor draw ^u any?+ beyond ! /ore ( 
sci5tific k ( its "t4 ,9 ^! conditions  
lurk$ ! se$s  ( an ultimate decay &     
sup]session ( e religion4    ,b z ! idea
 ( cont9ual *ange go+ f>!r & f>!r f     
exi/+ realities & nev] return+ to !m is 
a new "o1 ea* fre%  developm5t (        
religion 9 ! _w s f> has be5 proclaim$ 9
  p]fect good fai? z ! culm9at+ & f9al  
tru?4 ,! sugge/ion  ( ! possibility (   
fur!r re/atem5t is an unsettl+          
sugge/ion2  x seems to und]m9e          
conviction & x breaks ! ranks ( !       

believ]s because !re are enorm\s        
v>iations 9 ! capacities (  m5 to       
recognise ! same _s "u a *ang+ %ape4    
,:ile "s  intellig5ces c recognise !    
same ,god "u a v>iety ( names &  symbols
 )\t any sev]e /ra91 o!rs _c ev5 detect 
! mo/  contra/$ ,gods "o f ! o!r1       
provid$ !y we> ! same mask  & title4 ,x 
appe>s a p]fectly natural & reasonable  
?+ to _m  m9ds to re/ate religion 9 t]ms
 ( biological & psy*ological  necessity1
 :ile to o!rs any v>iation 9 ! phras+ ( 
! fai?  seems to be no?+ less ?an       
a!i/ical misrepres5tations ( !  mo/     
damnable k9d4 ,= !m ,god1 a ,god /ill   
an?ropomorphic en\gh  to h a w &        
purpose1 to display pref]5ces &         
reciprocate  emotions1 to be inde$ a    
p]son1 mu/ be reta9$ until ! end (  "t4 
,= o!rs1 ,god c be ?\ght ( z a ,great   
,fir/ ,cause1 z  imp]sonal & inhuman z  
atomic /ructure4    ,x is because ( !   
hi/orical & philosophical commitm5ts !y 
h und]tak51 & because ( concessions made
 to common human  weaknesses 9 reg>d to 

su* once app>5tly m9or b n[ vital moral 
issues z prop]ty1 m5tal activity &      
public v]acity--r ?an  ( any inadequacy 
9 _! adaptation to psy*ological ne$s--t 
! pres5t discr$it ( recognis$ religions 
has come ab\t4 ,!y no  long] seem ev5   
r\ghly tru?ful ^u issues ( fact1 & !y   
give  no imp]atives ov] l>ge fields (   
conduct 9 :i* p]plexity is  preval5t4 ,p
 w say3 8,i c\ld be p]fectly happy lead+
 !  life ( a ,ca?olic devotee if only ,i
 c\ld believe40 ,b mo/ ( !  framework ( 
religi\s explanation ^u :i* t life is   
su/a9$ is  too old-fa%ion$ & too        
irrelevant to admit ( t ?or\ghness (    
belief :i* is necess>y = ! devotion (   
intellig5t p4    ,great +5uity has be5  
%[n by mod]n writ]s & ?9k]s 9  !        
adaptation ( v5]at$ religi\s expressions
 to new ideas4  ,peccavi4 ,! ^w 8,god0  
is 9 mo/ m9ds s associat$ )  ! concept (
 religion t x is ab&on$ only ) ! greate/
  reluctance4 ,! ^w rema9s ?\gh ! idea  
is cont9ually att5uat$4  ,he is pu%$    
f>!r & f>!r f actuality & ,8 def9ition  

becomes increas+ly a bundle ( negations1
 until at la/1 9 ,8  rle ( ,! ,absolute1
 ,he becomes an entirely negative       
expression4  ,:ile we c speak ( good1   
say "s1 we c speak ( ,god4 ,god is !    
possibility ( goodness1 ! good side (   
?+s4 ,if phrases 9 :i*  ! "n ( ,god is  
us$ are to be ab&on$1 !y argue1 religion
 w  be left spee*less be=e _m occasions4
    ,c]ta9ly !re is some?+ beyond !     
individual t is & !  _w t is2 on t we h 
already insi/$ z a *>act]i/ic  ( all    
religions2 t p]suasion is ! ess5ce (    
fai? & !  key to c\rage4 ,b :e!r t is to
 be consid]$1 ev5 aft] !  mo/ /r5u\s    
ex]cises 9 p]sonification1 z a great]   
p]son or  a compreh5sive p]son is ano!r 
matt]4 ,p]sonality is ! la/  ve/ige (   
an?ropomorphism4 ,! mod]n urge to a     
precise v]acity is  aga9/ su*           
concessions to traditional expression4  
,on ! o!r h&  !re is 9 _m f9e religi\s  
m9ds a desire am\nt+ almo/ to a         
necessity = an object ( devotion s      
individualis$ z to be capable  at lea/ (

 a receptive consci\sness ev5 if no     
def9ite response  is conc$$4 ,"o type ( 
m9d c accept a reality 9 itself :i*     
ano!r mu/ project & dramatise be=e x c  
compreh5d x &  react to x4 ,! human s\l 
is an intricate ?+ :i* w n endure       
elucidation :5 t passes beyond a c]ta9  
degree ( h>%ness &  r\ghness4 ,! human  
_s has le>nt love1 devotion1 ob$i5ce &  
humility 9 relation to o!r p]sonalities1
 & ) difficulty x  takes ! f9al /ep to a
 transc5d5t subord9ation1 f :i* !  la/  
%r$ ( p]sonality has be5 /ripp$4 ,9     
matt]s n imm$iately  mat]ial1 language  
has to "w by metaphors1 & ?\gh e        
metaphor  c>ries its own peculi> risks (
 confusion we _c d )\t !m4  ,great      
intellectual tol]ance is necess>y1      
!re=e--a cultivat$  disposition to      
translate & retranslate f "o            
metaphysical or  emotional idiom to     
ano!r--if !re is n to be a deplorable   
wa/age  ( moral =ce 9 our _w4    ,?ree  
pr(\nd diff]5ces betwe5 ! m5tal         
dispositions ( !  pres5t "t & ^? (      

prec$+ ages h to be realis$ if curr5t   
developm5ts ( ! religi\s impulse are to 
be se5 9 _! correct  relation%ip to !   
religi\s life ( ! pa/4 ,!re has be5 a   
great  advance 9 ! analysis ( psy*ic    
processes & ! c\rage )  :i* m5 h prob$  
into ! orig9s ( human ?\ght & feel+4    
,foll[+ ^u ! biological advances t h    
made u recognise fi%  & amphibian 9 !   
bodily /ructure ( man1 h come ^! p>allel
  developm5ts 9 :i* we see elem5tal fe> 
& lu/ & self-love  m\ld$1 modifi$ &     
exalt$1 "u ! /ress ( social progress1   
into intricate human motives4 ,our      
conception ( s9 & our treatm5t  ( s9 h  
be5 pr(\ndly modifi$ by ?is analysis4   
,our =m] s9s  are se5 z ignorances1     
inadequacies & bad habits1 & ! moral    
conflict is robb$ ( ?ree-f\r?s ( its    
ego-c5tr$ melodramatic  quality4 ,we are
 no long] mov$ to be less wick$2 we are 
mov$ to  organise our condition$        
reflexes & lead a life less fragm5t>y & 
silly4    ,secondly1 ! conception (     
individuality has be5 influ5c$ &  relax$

 by biological ?\ght1 s t we d n ?9k s  
readily (  ! individual contra mundum z 
our fa!rs did4 ,we beg9 to  realise t we
 are egoti/s by misappreh5sion4 ,nature 
*eats ! self  to s]ve ! purposes ( !    
species by fill+ x ) wants t w>  aga9/  
its private int]e/s4 ,z gut eyes are    
op5$ to ^! ?+s1  we see ourselves z be+s
 great] or less ?an ! def9itive self4   
,man's s\l is no long] 8 own4 ,x is1 he 
discov]s1 "p ( a great]  be+ :i* liv$   
be=e he 0 born & w survive him4 ,! idea 
( a survival ( ! def9ite individual )   
all ! accid5ts &  idiosyncrasies ( 8    
temporal nature ^u him1 dissolves to    
no?+ 9  ?is new view ( immortality4     
,! ?ird ( ! ma9 contra/s betwe5 mod]n & 
=m] ?\ght :i*  h r5d]$ ! g5]al %apes (  
e/abli%$ religion old-fa%ion$  &        
uns]viceable1 is a reori5tation ( curr5t
 ideas ab\t "t4  ,! p[]ful disposition (
 ! human m9d to expla9 ev]y?+ z  !      
inevitable unfold+ ( a pa/ ev5t :i*1 s  
to speak1 sweeps  ! future helplessly   
be=e x1 has be5 *eck$ by a mass ( subtle

  criticisms4 ,! conception ( progress z
 a broad5+ & increas+  purpose1 a       
conception :i* is tak+ hold ( ! human   
imag9ation  m & m firmly1 turns religi\s
 life t[>ds ! future4 ,we  ?9k no long] 
( submission to ! irrevocable decrees ( 
absolute  dom9ion1 b ( p>ticipation 9 an
 adv5ture on behalf ( a p[]  t ga9s     
/r5g? & e/abli%es itself4 ,! hi/ory (   
our _w1  :i* has be5 unfold$ to u by    
sci5ce1 runs c\nt] to all !  hi/ories on
 :i* religions h be5 bas$4 ,!re 0 no    
,creation 9  ! pa/1 we beg9 to realise1 
b et]nally !re is creation2 !re  0 no   
,fall to acc\nt = ! conflict ( good &   
evil1 b a /ormy  asc5t4 ,life z we "k x 
is a m]e beg9n+4    ,x seems unavoidable
 t if religion is to develop unify+ &   
directive p[] 9 ! pres5t confusion (    
human affairs x mu/  adapt itself to ?is
 =w>d-look+1 individuality-analys+ turn 
( m9d2 x mu/ dive/ itself ( its sacr$   
hi/ories1 its gross  preoccupations1 its
 po/hum\s prolongation ( p]sonal ends4  
,!  desire = s]vice1 = subord9ation1 =  

p]man5t effect1 = an  escape f !        
di/ressful pett9ess & morality ( !      
individual  life1 is ! undy+ elem5t 9 e 
religi\s sy/em4 ,! "t has  come to /rip 
religion "r d[n to t1 to /rip x = great]
  tasks ?an x has ev] fac$ be=e4 ,!     
hi/ories & symbols t  s]v$ our fa!rs    
encumb] & divide u4 ,sacram5ts & rituals
  h>b\r disputes & wa/e our scanty      
emotions4 ,! explanation ( :y  ?+s are  
is an unnecess>y ef=t 9 religion4 ,!    
ess5tial fact 9  religion is ! desire = 
religion & n h[ x came ab\t4 ,if y  d n 
want religion1 no p]suasions1 no        
convictions ab\t y\r place  9 ! univ]se 
c give x to y4 ,! fir/ s5t5ce 9 ! mod]n 
cre$ mu/ be1 n 8,i believe0 b 8,i give  
myself40    ,to :at8 ,& h[8 ,to ^!      
que/ions we mu/ next address ourselves4 
,*apt] ,,iv    ,,objective ,,expression 
,,( ,,mod]n ,,religion      ,to give    
oneself religi\sly is a cont9u+ op]ation
 express$ 9 a  s]ies ( acts4 ,x c be    
no?+ else4 ,y _c d$icate y\rself  & !n g
 away to live j z y h liv$ be=e4 ,x is a

 poor  trave/y ( religion t does n      
produce an ess5tial *ange 9 !  life :i* 
embraces x4 ,b 9 ! e/abli%$ & old]      
religions  ( our race1 ?is *ange (      
conduct has involv$ mu* self-abasem5t   
m]ely to ! ,god or ,gods1 or mu*        
self-mortification m]ely )  a view to ! 
moral p]fect+ ( self4 ,*ri/ian devotion1
 =  example1 9 ^! e>ly /ages1 be=e !    
h]mit life gave place  to organis$      
mona/ic life1 did n to any ext5t direct 
itself to  s]vice except ! spiritual    
s]vice ( o!r human be+s4 ,b z           
,*ri/ianity became a def9ite social     
organis+ =ce1 x took on  a great s]ies (
 heal+1 com=t+1 help+1 manufactur+ &    
educational activities4 ,! mod]n t5d5cy 
has be5 & is all 9 !  direction (       
m9imis+ :at "o might call self-c5tr$    
devotion &  self-subjugation1 & ( exp&+ 
& develop+ ext]nal s]vice4 ,!  idea (   
inn] p]fectibility dw9dles ) ! dim9i%+  
importance  atta*$ to individuality4 ,we
 cease to ?9k ( mortify+ or exalt+  or  
p]fect+ ourselves & seek to lose        

ourselves 9 a great] life4  ,we ?9k less
 & less ( 8conqu]+0 self & m & m (      
escap+ f self4 ,x we attempt to p]fect  
ourselves 9 any respect  x is only z a  
soldi] %>p5s & poli%es an ess5tial      
weapon4    ,our quick5$ appreh5sion (   
cont9u+ *ange1 our broad] & full]       
vision ( ! hi/ory ( life1 disabuse our  
m9ds ( _m limitations  set to !         
imag9ations ( our pr$ecessors4 ,mu* t !y
 saw z  fix$ & det]m9ate1 we see z      
transitory & controllable4 ,!y  saw life
 fix$ 9 its species & subject$ to       
irrevocable laws4 ,we  see life /ruggl+ 
insecurely b ) a ga!r+ successfulness  =
 fre$om & p[] aga9/ re/riction & dea?4  
,we see life  com+ at la/ to our tragic 
& hopeful human level4 ,c]ta9 great     
possibilities1 c]ta9 mighty problems1 we
 realise1 confront mank9d  to-day4 ,!y  
frame our exi/5ces4 ,! practical aspect1
 ! mat]ial  =m1 ! embodim5t1 ( !        
mod]nis$ religi\s impulse is !          
direction ( ! :ole life to ! solution ( 
^! problems & !  realisation ( _!       

possibilities4    ,! mod]n religi\s life
 l all =ms ( religi\s life mu/ ne$s  h  
its own subtle & deep inn] activities1  
its m$itations1 its                     
self-confrontations1 its phases ( /ress 
& se>* & appeal1 its  s]5e & pray]ful   
moods1 b ^! inw>d aspects d n come into 
! scope ( ?is pres5t enquiry1 :i* is    
conc]n$ entirely ) !  outw>d %ape1 !    
direction & ! organisation ( mod]n      
religi\s  ef=t1 ) ! "q ( :at1 giv5      
religi\s devotion1 we h to  d & h[ t has
 to be done4    ,n[ z ! mod]n vision (  
life has gr[n cle>1 c]ta9 va/           
possibilities & c]ta9 great dang]s h    
become pla94 ,!y  *all5ge mank9d4 ,!y   
furni% an entirely new frame & sett+ =  
! moral life4 ,9 ! fix$ & limit$ outlook
 ( ! pa/1 practical  good works took !  
=m ma9ly ( palliative measures aga9/    
evils  t 7 conceiv$ ( z incurable2 !    
religi\s community nurs$ !  sick1 f$ !  
hungry1 provid$ sanctu>y = ! fugitive1  
plead$ )  ! p[]ful = m]cy4 ,x did n     
dream ( prev5t+ sickness1 fam9e  or     

tyranny4 ,o!rworldl9ess 0 its ready     
refuge f ! inv9cible  evil & confusion (
 ! exi/+ s*eme ( ?+s4 ,x is possible  n[
 to imag9e an ord] 9 human affairs f :i*
 ^! evils h  be5 l>gely or entirely     
elim9at$4 ,m & m p are com+  to realise 
t su* an ord] is a mat]ial possibility4 
,& ) !  realisation t ?is is a mat]ial  
possibility1 we c no long]  be cont5t ) 
a field ( good de$s & "r action re/rict$
  to palliative & consolatory           
activities4 ,su* ?+s are m]ely          
8fir/-aid40 ,! religi\s m9d gr[s bold]  
?an x has ev] be5  be=e4 ,x pu%es ?r\gh 
! curta9 x once imag9$ 0 a b>ri]4  ,x   
appreh5ds its l>g] obligations4 ,! way 9
 :i* our activities  conduce to !       
realisation ( t conceivable bett] ord] 9
 human  affairs1 becomes ! new crit]ion 
( conduct4    ,! realisation ( ?is      
conceivable bett] ord] involves c]ta9   
necess>y a*ievem5ts4 ,x is impossible = 
any cle>-head$ p]son  to suppose t ! ev]
 m de/ructive /upidities ( w> c be      
elim9at$ f human affairs until "s common

 political control  dom9ates ! e>?1 &   
unless c]ta9 pressures due to ! gr[? (  
population1 due to ! enl>g+ scope (     
human op]ations or due to  conflict+    
/&>ds & traditions ( life1 are dispos$  
(4 ,to avoid  ! positive evils ( w> & to
 atta9 ! new levels ( prosp]ity  & p[] t
 n[ come into view1 an effective _w     
control1 n  m]ely ( arm$ =ce b ( !      
production & ma9 movem5ts (  /aple      
commodities & ! drift & expansion (     
population1 is  requir$4 ,x is absurd to
 dream ( peace & _w-wide progress  )\t t
 mu* control4 ,^! ?+s assur$1 !         
abilities &  en]gies ( a greatly        
increas$ proportion ( human be+s c\ld be
  div]t$ to ! happy activities (        
sci5tific rese>* & creative  "w ) an    
ev]-increas+ release & enl>gem5t ( human
  possibility4 ,su* a =w>d /ride 9 human
 life1 ! fir/ /ride 9 a  mighty cont9u+ 
advance1 an advance to :i* no limit     
appe>s1 is n[  mat]ially possible4 ,!   
opportunity is (f]$ to mank9d4 ,b !re   
is no c]ta9ty1 no mat]ial necessity1 t x

 %\ld ev] be tak54  ,x w n be tak5 by   
mank9d inadv]t5tly4 ,x c only be tak5   
?r\gh su* an organisation ( w & en]gy to
 take x z ?is  _w has nev] se5 be=e4    
,^! are ! new conditions t unfold       
!mselves be=e ! m  al]t m9ds ( our      
g5]ation & :i* w pres5tly become !      
g5]al m5tal backgr\nd1 z ! mod]n        
int]pretations ( ! hi/ory  ( life & (   
mat]ial & m5tal possibilities e/abli%   
!mselves4  ,evil political1 social &    
economic usages & arrangem5ts may seem  
obdurate & huge1 b !y are nei!r p]man5t 
nor uncontrollable4  ,!y c be controll$1
 h[ev]1 only by an ef=t m p[]ful &      
det]m9$ ?an ! in/9cts & in]tias t su/a9 
!m4 ,religion1  mod]n & disillusion$1   
has = its outw>d task to set itself to  
! control & direction ( political1      
social & economic life1  or admit itself
 a m]e drug = eas+ discom=t4 ,c x or c x
  n syn!sise ! ne$$ ef=t to lift mank9d 
out ( our pres5t  disord]s1 dang]s1     
bas5ess1 fru/rations & futilities1 to a 
phase  ( relative security1 accumulat+  

k1 sy/ematic & cont9u+  gr[? 9 p[] & !  
widespread deep happ9ess ( hopeful &    
increas+ life8    ,our answ] "h is t x  
c1 & our subject n[ is to enquire :at   
are ! necess>y op5+ /ages 9 ! syn!sis ( 
t ef=t4  ,we write "h = ^? :o believe t 
x c1 & :o d already  grasp !            
implications ( _w hi/ory & contempor>y  
sci5tific  a*ievem5t4          ,*apt] ,v
    ,,! ,,frame ,,( ,,! ,,task ,,be=e   
,,mank9d3    ,,! ,,_w ,,commonweal      
,be=e we c consid] ! =ms & me?ods (     
attack+ _!  inevitable task t ! s]i\s   
m9ority ( human be+s mu/ adopt1  x w be 
well to draw ! ma9 l9es & attempt "s    
measure ( !  magnitude ( t task4 ,:at   
are ! new =ms t x is s\ght to  impose ^u
 human life & h[ are !y to be evolv$ f  
or impos$  ^u ! curr5t =ms8 ,& aga9/ :at
 passive & active resi/ances  has ?is to
 be done8    ,!re c be no pause =       
replacem5t 9 ! affairs ( life4 ,day mu/ 
foll[ day & ! common activities cont9ue4
 ,! new _w z a go+  conc]n mu/ arise out
 ( ! old z a go+ conc]n4    ,n[ ! mo/   

compreh5sive conception ( ?is new _w is 
( "o  politically1 socially &           
economically unifi$4 ,)9 t frame fall   
all ! o!r ideas ( our progressive       
ambition4 ,to ?is end a small  b        
increas+ body ( p 9 ! _w set _! faces & 
seek to  direct _! lives4 ,/ill m at    
pres5t appreh5d x z a possibility  b d n
 d>e to desire x1 because ( ! enorm\s   
difficulties t int]v5e & because !y see 
z yet no intimations  ( a way ?r\gh or  
r\nd ^! difficulties4 ,! great majority 
(  human be+s h /ill to see ! human     
adv5ture z "o :ole2 !y  are obsess$ by !
 air ( p]man5ce & f9ality 9 e/abli%$    
?+s2 !y accept curr5t reality z ultimate
 reality4 ,!y take !  _w z !y f9d x4 ,b 
"h we are writ+ = ! mod]n-m9d$1  & = !m 
x is impossible to ?9k ( ! _w z secure &
  satisfactory until !re exi/s a s+le _w
 commonweal1 prev5t+  w> & controll+ ^? 
moral1 biological & economic =ces t     
w\ld o!rwise lead to w>s4    ,! me?od ( 
direction ( su* a _w commonweal is n    
likely to  imitate ! me?ods ( exi/+     

sov]eign /ates4 ,x w be a new  sort (   
direction ) a new psy*ology4 ,!re w be  
little ne$ =  ,presid5t or ,k+ to lead !
 m>%all$ ho/s ( humanity1 = :]e  !re is 
no w> !re is no ne$ ( any lead] to lead 
ho/s any:]e1  & 9 a polyglot _w a       
p>liam5t ( mank9d is an inconceivable   
in/rum5t ( gov]nm5t4 ,! fundam5tal      
organisation ( contempor>y  /ates is    
/ill pla9ly milit>y & t is exactly :at a
 _w  organisation _c be4 ,flags1 uni=ms1
 national an!ms1 patriotism  s$ul\sly   
cultivat$ 9 *ur* & s*ool1 ! brag1 bl>e &
 blu/]  ( our compet+ sov]eignties1     
belong to ! phase ( developm5t we  w\ld 
sup]s$e4 ,! reasonable desire ( all ( u 
is t we %\ld  h ! collective affairs ( !
 _w manag$ by suitably equipp$  gr\ps ( 
! mo/ int]e/$1 intellig5t & devot$ p &  
t _! activities %\ld be subject$ to a   
free1 op51 wat*ful  criticism1 re/ra9$ f
 mak+ spasmodic int]ruptions b p[]ful   
en\gh to modify or sup]s$e )\t ha/e or  
delay :atev] is  weak5+ or              
unsatisfactory 9 ! g5]al direction4     

,a _w movem5t = ! sup]session or        
enl>gem5t or fusion (  exi/+ political1 
economic & social in/itutions1 mu/      
necess>ily1  z x gr[s1 draw clos] &     
clos] to que/ions ( practical  control4 
,x is likely 9 its gr[? to incorporate  
_m active public  s]vants1 & _m         
indu/rial & f9ancial lead]s & directors4
  ,x may also assimilate great numb]s ( 
intellig5t work]s4 ,z its  activities   
spread x w "w out a :ole sy/em ( special
 me?ods (  co-op]ation4 ,x w le>n z x   
gr[s & by gr[+ ! bus9ess (  g5]al       
direction & h[ to develop its critical  
function4 ,s t !  movem5t we contemplate
 w by its v nature be "o aim+1 n s  mu* 
to set up a _w direction z to become    
itself a _w direction1  & ! educational 
& militant =ms ( its op5+ phase w1 z    
exp]i5ce is ga9$ & p[] & responsibility 
acquir$1 evoke /ep  by /ep =ms (        
adm9i/ration & rese>* & correction4     
,! mod]nisation ( ! religi\s impulse    
leads u /raight to !  ef=t = !          
e/abli%m5t ( ! _w /ate z a duty1 & !    

close consid]ation ( ! necess>y         
organisation ( t ef=t  w br+ ! read] to 
! conclusion t a movem5t aim+ at  !     
e/abli%m5t ( a _w-directorate1 h[ev]    
re/rict$ t  movem5t may be at fir/ 9    
numb]s & p[]1 mu/ ei!r contemplate  !   
prospect ( itself develop+ 9 "p or z a  
:ole into a  _w-directorate1 & by       
assimilation1 z a :ole into a mod]n _w  
community1 or admit f ! outset !        
futility1 ! sp>e-"t  amateuri%ness1 (   
its ge/ures4          ,*apt] ,,vi       
,,broad ,,*>act]i/ics ,,( ,,! ,,_w      
,,commonweal      ,cont9u+ our          
exam9ation ( ! practical task be=e !    
mod]n  m9d1 we may next note ! ma9 l9es 
( contempor>y aspiration  )9 ?is        
compreh5sive outl9e ( a _w commonweal4  
,any sort (  unification ( human affairs
 w n s]ve ! ends we seek1 we aim  at a  
p>ticul> sort ( unification2 a _w ,cs>  
is h>dly bett]  f ! progressive viewpo9t
 ?an _w *aos2 ! unity we seek mu/  mean 
! lib]ation ( human ?\ght1 exp]im5t &   
creative ef=t4 ,a  successful conspiracy

 m]ely to seize gov]nm5ts & wield &     
reta9  _w p[] w\ld be at be/ only !     
empty frame ( success1 x might  be !    
exact rev]se ( success4 ,release f !    
?reat ( w> &  ! wa/e ( int]national     
economic conflicts is a poor release if 
x  dem&s z its price ! loss ( all o!r   
lib]ties4    ,x is because we desire a  
unification ( human direction1 n simply 
= ! sake ( unity1 b z a means to c]ta9  
def9ite ends1  t x is necess>y1 at any  
co/--9 delay1 9 loss ( effective  =ce1 9
 /rategic or tactical disadvantage--t ! 
light ( free1  abundant criticism %\ld  
play ^u t unifi$ direction & ^u  !      
movem5ts & organisations lead+ to !     
e/abli%m5t ( t  unifi$ direction4       
,man is an imp]fect animal & nev] q     
tru/wor?y 9 ! d>k4  ,nei!r morally nor  
intellectually is he safe f lapses4 ,mo/
 (  u :o are pa/ our fir/ y\? "k h[     
little we c ev5 tru/  ourselves1 & are  
glad to h our activities *eck$ & gu>d$  
by a s5se ( inspection4 ,x is = ?is     
reason t a movem5t to  realise !        

conceivable bett] /ate ( ! _w1 mu/ d5y  
itself  ! advantages ( secret me?ods or 
tactical ins9c]ities4 ,x mu/  leave t to
 its adv]s>ies4 ,we mu/ decl>e our end  
pla9ly f !  outset & risk no misund]/&+s
 ( our proc$ure4    ,! conspiracy (     
mod]n religion aga9/ ! e/abli%$         
in/itutions  ( ! _w mu/ be an op5       
conspiracy & _c rema9 righte\s  o!rwise4
 ,x is lo/ if x goes und]gr\nd4 ,e /ep  
to _w unity  mu/ be tak5 9 ! daylight1  
or ! sort ( unity t w be won  w be f\nd 
to be sc>cely wor? ! w9n+4 ,! ess5tial  
task w  h to be recomm5c$ )9 ! m]e frame
 ( unity atta9$4    ,?is c&id attempt to
 take possession ( ! :ole _w mu/ be made
  9 ! "n & = ! sake ( sci5ce & creative 
activity4 ,x is to  release sci5ce &    
creative ability1 & e /age 9 ! /ruggle  
mu/ be wat*$ & criticis$1 le/ !re be any
 sacrifice ( ^!  ends to ! exig5cies (  
conflict4    ,! security ( creative     
progress & creative activity implies a  
compet5t regulation ( ! economic life 9 
! collective int]e/4  ,!re mu/ be food1 

%elt] & leisure = all4 ,! fundam5tal    
ne$s  ( ! animal life mu/ be assur$ be=e
 human life c h free  play4 ,man does n 
live by bread alone2 he eats t he may   
le>n &  adv5ture creatively1 b unless he
 eats he _c adv5ture4 ,8  life is       
prim>ily economic1 z a h\se is prim>ily 
a f\ndation1 &  economic ju/ice &       
effici5cy mu/ und]lie all o!r           
activities1  b to judge human society & 
organise political & social activities  
entirely on economic gr\nds is to =get !
 objectives ( life's  campaign 9 a      
pre-occupation ) supply4    ,x is true t
 man1 l ! animal _w 9 g5]al f :i* he    
has aris51 is ! creature ( a /ruggle =  
su/5ance1 b unlike  ! animals1 man c    
resort to me?ods ( escape f t           
competitive  pressure ^u ! means (      
subsi/5ce1 :i* has be5 ! lot ( e  o!r   
animal species4 ,he c re/ra9 ! increase 
9 8 numb]s  & he seems capable ( /ill q 
undef9$ expansions ( 8  productivity p] 
head ( population4 ,he c escape !re=e f 
!  /ruggle = subsi/5ce altoge!r ) a     

surplus ( en]gy su* z no  o!r k9d (     
animal species has ev] possess$4        
,intellig5t control  ( population is a  
possibility :i* puts man outside !      
competitive  processes t h hi!rto rul$ !
 modification ( species1 & he  c be     
releas$ f ^! processes 9 no o!r way4    
,!re is a cle> hope t lat]1 direct$     
bre$+ w come )9  8 scope1 b t goes      
beyond 8 pres5t range ( practical       
a*ievem5t1 & we ne$ n discuss x fur!r   
"h4 ,suffice x  = u "h t ! _w community 
( our desires1 ! organis$  _w community 
conduct+ & ensur+ its own progress1     
requires a  delib]ate collective control
 ( population z a prim>y condition4     
,!re is no /rong in/9ctive desire =     
multitud9\s (fspr+  z su*1 9 ! fem99e   
make-up4 ,! reproductive impulses op]ate
  indirectly4 ,nature ensures a pressure
 ( population ?r\gh passions  & in/9cts 
t1 giv5 suffici5t k1 intellig5ce &      
fre$om on ! "p ( wom51 c be             
satisfactorily gratifi$ &  tranquillis$ 
if ne$ be1 )\t ! production ( num]\s    

*ildr54  ,v slight adju/m5ts 9 social & 
economic arrangem5ts w1 9  a _w ( cle>  
available k & /raight=w>d practice  9 ^!
 matt]s1 supply suffici5t inducem5t or  
disc\ragem5t to  affect ! g5]al bir?rate
 or ! bir?rate ( specific types z !     
directive s5se ( ! community may consid]
 desirable4 ,s long z  ! majority (     
human be+s are begott5 involunt>ily 9   
lu/ &  ignorance1 s long does man rema9 
l any o!r animal "u !  m\ld+ pressure ( 
competition = subsi/5ce4 ,social &      
political  processes *ange entirely 9 _!
 "* :5 we recognise !  possibility (    
practicability ( ?is fundam5tal         
revolution 9 human  biology4    ,9 a _w 
s reliev$1 ! production ( /aple         
necessities pres5ts  a s]ies ( problems 
altoge!r less di/ressful ?an ^? ( !     
pres5t scramble = possessions &         
self-indulg5ce on ! "p ( !  successful &
 = "w & a b>e liv+ on ! "p ( ! masses4  
,) ! increase ( population unre/ra9$ !re
 01 z ! end  ( ! economic process1 no   
practical alt]native to a multitud9\s   

equality at ! level ( b>e subsi/5ce1    
except ?r\gh su* an  inequality (       
economic arrangem5ts z all[$ a m9ority  
to ma9ta9 a  high] /&>d ( life by )hold+
 :atev] surplus ( production  x c\ld    
grasp1 f consumption 9 m]e prolet>ian   
increase4 ,9 !  pa/ & at pres5t1 :at is 
call$ ! capitali/ sy/em1 t is to  say ! 
unsy/ematic exploitation ( production by
 private own]s  "u ! protection ( ! law1
 has1 on ! :ole1 9 spite ( mu*  ha/e &  
conflict1 work$ b5eficially1 by *eck+ ! 
gravitation to  a univ]sal l[-grade     
consumption :i* w\ld h be5 ! inevitable 
outcome ( socialism oblivi\s (          
biological processes4 ,) effective      
re/ra9t ^u ! increase ( population1     
h[ev]1 entirely new  possibilities op5  
out be=e mank9d4    ,! besett+ vice (   
economic sci5ce1 or?odox & unor?odox    
alike1  has be5 ! vice ( beg9n+ 9 ! air1
 ) curr5t practice &  curr5t            
convictions1 ) que/ions ( wages1 prices1
 values &  possession1 :5 ! pr(\nd]     
issues ( human association are really  n

 to be f\nd at all on ^! levels4 ,!     
prim>y issues ( human  association are  
biological & psy*ological1 & ! ess5tials
 (  economics are problems 9 appli$     
physics & *emi/ry4 ,! fir/  ?+ we %\ld  
exam9e is :at we want to d ) natural    
res\rces1  & ! next1 h[ to get m5 to d  
:at has to be done z pleasurably  &     
effectively z possible4 ,!n we %\ld h a 
/&>d by :i* to  judge ! me?ods ( to-day4
    ,b ! academic economi/s & /ill m s  
,m>x & 8 foll[]s1  refuse to deal ) ^!  
fundam5tals1 & ) a /upid air ( s\nd     
practical wisdom1 insi/ on op5+ up _!   
case ) an uncritical  acceptance ( !    
common antagonism ( employ]s & employ$ &
 a  long rigm>ole ab\t pr(its & wages4  
,own]%ip & expropriat$  lab\r are only  
"o set ( _m possible sets ( economic    
me?od4    ,! economi/s1 h[ev]1 w att5d  
s]i\sly only to ! curr5t  set1 ! re/ !y 
ignore1 & ! ,m>xi/s ) _! uncontrollable 
disposition to use nicknames 9 ! place (
 judgm5ts1 condemn all  o!rs z          
8,utopian0--a ^w z f9al 9 its dismissal 

f ! m9ds  ( ! elect z t o!r pet c\nt] 9 
! ,communi/ sub/itute =  ?\ght1         
8,b\rgeois40 ,if !y c p]suade !mselves t
 an idea or  a /atem5t is 8,utopian0 or 
8,b\rgeois10 x does n seem to matt] 9  !
 lea/ to !m :e!r x is "r or wrong4 ,x is
 dispos$ (4 ,j  z 9 g5teel] circles     
any?+ is dispos$ ( t c be labell$       
8a!i/ical10 8subv]sive0 or 8disloyal40  
,if a c5tury & a half ago ! _w _h       
submitt$ its problems (  transport to ! 
economi/s !y w\ld h put aside1 ) z      
little  wa/$ brea? & ink z possible1 all
 talk ab\t railways1 motor-c>s1         
/eam%ips & a]oplanes1 &1 ) a f9e s5se ( 
extravagance  rebuk$1 set !mselves to   
long neuralgic diss]tations1            
disputations  & treatises ^u high-roads 
& ! me?ods ( connect+ !m1  turnpike     
gates1 canals1 ! influ5ce ( lock-fees on
 b>gem51 tidal  l&+ places1 an*orages1  
surplus c>ry+ capacity1 c>ri]s1         
c>avans1 h&-b>r[s & ! p$e/rian>iat4 ,!re
 w\ld h be5  a rapid & easy             
diff]5tiation 9 feel+ & requirem5ts     

betwe5  ! horse-own+ m9ority & ! walk+  
majority2 ! wrongs ( !  latt] w\ld h    
tortur$ ! m9d ( e philosoph] :o c\ld  n 
ride & be5 m9imis$ by e philosoph] :o   
c\ld1 & !re  w\ld h be5 a broad rift    
betwe5 ! n>r[ footpa? s*ool1 ! no       
footpa? s*ool & ! s*ool :i* w\ld look   
=w>d to a "t :5  e horse w\ld h to be l$
 along "o univ]sal footpa? "u  !        
dictator%ip ( ! p$e/rian>iat4 ,all ) !  
pr(\nde/  gravity & dignity4 ,^! ?+s1   
footpa?s & roads & canals )  _! traffic1
 7 8real10 & 8,utopian0 projects = gett+
 along  at ?irty or =ty miles an h\r or 
m up hill & aga9/ w9d &  tide1 let alone
 ! /ill m incr$ible sugge/ion ( air     
transport1  w\ld h be5 smil$ & sne]$ out
 ( c\rt4 ,life w5t ab\t on its  legs1 ) 
a c]ta9 assi/ance f :eels1 or float$1   
r[$ & 0  bl[n ab\t on wat]2 s x _h      
be5--& s x w\ld always be4    ,b z soon 
z ?is "t-hon\r$ pre-occupation ) !      
allotm5t (  ! %>es ( orig9ators1        
organis]s1 work]s1 own]s ( mat]ial1     
cr$it deal]s & tax collectors 9 ! total 

product1 ceases to be  dealt ) z !      
prim>y "q 9 economics1 z soon z we      
lib]ate  our m9ds f a pre-occupation :i*
 f ! outset necess>ily makes  t sci5ce a
 squabble r ?an a sci5ce1 & beg9 our    
attack  ^u ! subject ) a survey ( !     
ma*9]y & o!r productive  mat]ial requir$
 9 ord] t ! /aple ne$s ( mank9d %\ld  be
 satisfi$1 if we g on f t to consid] !  
way 9 :i* all  ?is mat]ial & ma*9]y c be
 work$ & ! product di/ribut$  ) ! lea/  
lab\r & ! greate/ possible satisfaction1
 we  %ift our treatm5t ( economic       
que/ions t[>ds /&>ds by :i*  all curr5t 
me?ods ( exploitation1 employm5t &      
f9ance c be  judg$ r ?an wrangle ov]4   
,we c dismiss ! "q ( !  claims ( ?is    
sort ( p>ticipant or t = lat] &         
subord9ate  consid]ation1 & view ea*    
v>iety ( human assi/ance 9 ! g5]al  ef=t
 entirely f ! /&po9t ( :at makes t      
assi/ance lea/  on]\s & mo/ effective4  
,! g]ms ( su* really sci5tific economics
 exi/ already 9 !  /udy ( indu/rial     
organisation & indu/rial psy*ology4 ,z !

  sci5ce ( indu/rial psy*ology 9        
p>ticul> develops1 we %all  f9d all ?is 
discussion ( own]%ip1 pr(it1 wages1     
f9ance &  accumulation1 :i* has be5     
treat$ hi!rto z ! prim>y issues  (      
economics1 fall+ into place "u ! l>g]   
enquiry ( :at  conv5tions 9 ^! matt]s1  
:at sy/em ( money & :at conceptions  (  
prop]ty1 yield ! greate/ /imulus & !    
lea/ friction 9 t  _w-wide sy/em (      
co-op]ation :i* mu/ con/itute ! g5]al   
economic basis to ! activities ( a      
unifi$ mank9d4    ,manife/ly ! supreme  
direction ( ! complex ( human economic  
activities 9 su* a _w mu/ c5tre ^u a    
bureau ( in=mation &  advice1 :i* w take
 acc\nt ( all ! res\rces ( ! planet1    
e/imate curr5t ne$s1 apportion          
productive activities & control         
di/ribution4 ,! topographical &         
geological surveys ( mod]n  civilis$    
communities1 _! gov]nm5t maps1 _!       
p]iodic issue  ( agricultural &         
indu/rial /ati/ics1 are ! fir/ crude &  
inco-ord9at$ beg9n+s ( su* an economic  

_w-intellig5ce4 ,9  ! propag&a "w (     
,david ,lub91 a pione] :om mank9d mu/ n 
=get1 & 9 8 ,int]national ,in/itute (   
,agriculture 9 ,rome1  !re 7 ! beg9n+s (
 an imp>tial review mon? by mon? &  ye> 
by ye> ( _w production1 _w ne$s & _w    
transport4 ,su*  a great c5tral         
organisation ( economic sci5ce w\ld     
necess>ily  produce direction2 x w\ld   
indicate :at _h be/ be done "h1 !re  &  
ev]y:]e1 solve g5]al tangles1 exam9e1   
approve & initiate  fre% me?ods &       
arrange ! transitional process f old to 
new4  ,x w\ld n be an organisation ( w1 
impos+ its w ^u a  reluctant or         
recalcitrant race2 x w\ld be a          
direction1 j z a map  is a direction4 ,a
 map imposes no w on anyone1 breaks no  
"o 9 to  its 8policy40 ,& yet we obey   
our maps4    ,! w to h ! map1 full1     
accurate & up-to-date & !  det]m9ation  
to h its indications respect$1 w\ld h to
 p]vade  ! :ole community4 ,to n\ri% &  
su/a9 t w mu/ be ! task  n ( any        
p>ticul> social or economic division ( !

 community b  ( ! :ole body (           
religi\s-m9d$ p 9 t community4 ,!       
organisation & pres]vation ( t p[] ( w  
is ! prim>y  und]tak+1 !re=e1 ( a _w    
revolution aim+ at univ]sal  peace1     
welf>e & happy activity4    ,! old] &   
/ill preval5t conception ( gov]nm5t is  
bully+1  is ! break+-9 & subjugation ( !
 8subject10 to ! ,god1 or  ,k+1 or      
,lords ( ! community4 ,w-b5d+1 ! ov]com+
 ( !  recalcitrant junior & inf]ior1 0  
an ess5tial process 9 !  e/abli%m5t (   
primitive societies1 & its tradition    
/ill rules our  education & law4 ,no    
d\bt !re mu/ be a necess>y accommodation
 (  ! normal human w to e =m ( society2 
no man is immaculately  virtu\s2 b      
compulsion & re/ra9t are ! friction ( ! 
social  ma*9e &1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 !   
less compulsive social  arrangem5ts are1
 ! m will+ly1 naturally & easily !y are 
accept$1 ! less wa/eful ( moral ef=t & !
 happi] t  community w be4 ,! ideal     
/ate1 o!r ?+s be+ equal1 is  ! /ate ) ! 
fewe/ possible numb] ( w fights & w     

suppressions4 ,?is mu/ be a prim>y      
consid]ation 9 det]m9+ !  economic1     
biological & m5tal organisation ( ! _w  
community at  :i* we aim4    ,we h      
advanc$ ! op9ion t ! control (          
population pressure  is practicable )\t 
any viol5t conflict ) 8human nature10 t 
giv5 a prop] atmosph]e ( k & int5tion1  
!re ne$ be  f> less suppression ( w 9   
relation to production ?an prevails     
to-day4 ,9 ! same way1 x is possible t !
 g5]al economic life  ( mank9d may be   
made univ]sally satisfactory1 t !re may 
be an  abundance out ( all comp>ison    
great] ?an ! exi/+ supply (  ?+s        
necess>y = human well be+1 fre$om &     
activity1 ) n  m]ely n m b inf9itely    
less subjugation & enslavem5t ?an  n[   
occurs4 ,man is /ill b half born out ( !
 bl9d /ruggle =  exi/5ce & 8 nature /ill
 p>takes ( ! inf9ite wa/efulness (  8 "m
 ,nature4 ,he has /ill to le>n h[ to    
price ! commodities  he covets 9 t]ms ( 
human life4 ,he is inde$ only beg9n+ to 
realise t z some?+ to be le>nt4 ,he     

wa/es w & human  possibility            
extravagantly 9 8 curr5t economic       
me?ods4    ,we "k n[adays t ! n9ete5?   
c5tury exp5d$ a great weal?  (          
intellig5ce ^u a b>r5 controv]sy betwe5 
,individualism &  ,socialism4 ,!y 7     
treat$ z mutually exclusive alt]natives 
in/ead  ( be+ que/ions ( degree4 ,human 
society has be51 is & always  mu/ be1 an
 intricate sy/em ( adju/m5ts betwe5     
unconditional  lib]ty & ! discipl9es &  
subord9ations ( co-op]ative  ent]prise4 
,affairs d n move simply f a m          
individuali/  to a m sociali/ /ate or   
vice v]sa2 !re may be a release (       
individual initiative go+ on "h &       
/&>disation or re/ra9t  increas+ !re4   
,p]sonal prop]ty nev] c be socially     
gu>ante$  & yet unlimit$ 9 action &     
ext5t z ! extrem] individuali/s  desir$1
 nor c x be 8aboli%$0 z ! extrem]       
sociali/s  propos$4 ,prop]ty is n       
robb]y1 z ,pr\dhon ass]t$2 x is !       
protection ( ?+s aga9/ promiscu\s &     
ma9ly wa/eful use4 ,9  "s cases x may   

re/rict or =bid a use ( ?+s t w\ld be   
g5]ally advantage\s1 & x may be & is    
frequ5tly unfair 9 its  assignm5t (     
initiative1 b ! rem$y = t is n an       
abolition  b a revision ( prop]ty4 ,9 ! 
concrete x is a =m necess>y  = lib]ty ( 
action ^u mat]ial1 :ile ab/ract$ z      
money1 t  liquidat$ g5]alis$ =m (       
prop]ty1 x is a ticket = individual     
lib]ty ( movem5t & individual *oice (   
rew>d4    ,! economic hi/ory ( mank9d is
 a hi/ory ( ! op]ation (  ! idea (      
prop]ty2 x relates ! conflict ( !       
unlimit$  acquisitiv5ess ( egoi/ic      
individuals aga9/ ! res5tm5t ( !        
dis9h]it$ & unsuccessful & ! f> less    
effective consci\sness  ( a g5]al       
welf>e4 ,money grew out ( a sy/em (     
ab/ract+  conv5tions & has be5 subject$ 
to a great v>iety ( re/rictions1        
monopolisations & regulations4 ,x has   
nev] be5 an altoge!r  logical device & x
 has p]mitt$ ! mo/ ext5sive & complex   
developm5ts ( cr$it1 debt &             
dispossession4 ,all ^! developm5ts  h   

br\ght ) !m *>act]i/ic =ms ( misuse &   
corruption4  ,! /ory is intricate & !   
tangle ( relation%ips ( dep5d5ce1  (    
pressure1 ( int]ception1 ( misdirect$   
s]vices1 crippl+  emb>rassm5ts & cru%+  
obligations 9 :i* we live to-day admits 
( no su* simple & g5]al solutions z _m  
expon5ts ( socialism1  = example1 seem  
to consid] possible4    ,b ! ?\ght &    
inve/igations ( ! pa/ c5tury or s h made
  x cle> t a classification ( prop]ty   
accord+ to ! nature (  ! rights         
ex]cisable & accord+ to ! range (       
own]%ip involv$  mu/ be ! basis ( any   
sy/em ( social ju/ice 9 ! future4       
,c]ta9 ?+s1 ! ocean1 ! air1 r>e wild    
animals1 mu/ be !  collective prop]ty ( 
all mank9d & _c be altoge!r safe until  
!y are s reg>d$1 & until "s concrete    
body exi/s to ex]cise  ^! propriet>y    
rights4 ,:atev] collective control exi/s
 mu/  protect ^! univ]sal prop]ties1 !  
sea f d]elicts1 ! /range  %y ?+s ( !    
wild f ext]m9ation by ! hunt] & ! fooli%
  collector4 ,! ext9ction ( _m beautiful

 creatures is "o ( !  p5alties our _w is
 pay+ = its sluggi%ness 9 develop+ a    
collective common rule4 ,& !re are _m   
/aple ?+s & g5]al  ne$s t n[ also dem& a
 unifi$ control 9 ! common int]e/s4  ,! 
raw mat]ial ( ! e>? %\ld be = all1 n to 
be monopolis$  by any acquisitive       
individual or acquisitive sov]eign /ate1
 & n  to be )held f exploitation = !    
g5]al b5efit by any *ance  claims to    
t]ritorial priority ( ?is or t backw>d  
or b>ga9+  p]son or tribe4    ,9 ! pa/1 
mo/ ( ^! univ]sal conc]ns h _h to be    
left to  ! competitive ent]prise (      
pr(it-seek+ individuals because !re  7 z
 yet no collectivities organis$ to !    
pit* ( ability ne$$  to develop &       
control ^! conc]ns1 b surely nobody 9 8 
s5ses  believes t ! supply & di/ribution
 ( /aple commodities ab\t  ! e>? by     
irresponsible p]sons & companies work+  
entirely =  monet>y ga91 is ! be/       
possible me?od f ! po9t ( view (  ! race
 z a :ole4 ,! l& ( ! e>?1 all utilisable
 natural  products1 h fall5 v l>gely "u 

! rules & usages (  p]sonal prop]ty     
because t 0 ! only recognis$ &          
practicable  =m ( adm9i/rative          
proprietor%ip 9 ! pa/4 ,! developm5t    
bo? ( ext5sive propriet>y companies & ( 
gov]nm5t dep>tm5ts  ) economic functions
 has be5 a matt] ( ! la/ few c5turies1  
! developm5t t is to say ( communal1 m  
or less imp]sonal  own]%ip1 & x is only 
?r\gh ^! developm5ts t ! idea (         
organis$ collectivity ( proprietor%ip   
has become cr$ible4    ,ev5 9 q mod]n   
/ate ent]prises !re is a t5d5cy to      
recall  ! rle ( ! vigilant1 jeal\s &    
primitive p]sonal proprietor 9  !       
fiction ( own]%ip by ,8 ,maje/y ! ,k+4  
,9 ,great ,brita91  = example1 ,george  
,rex is /ill dimly suppos$ to hov] ov] !
  ,po/ma/] ,g5]al ( 8 ,po/ ,(fice1      
approve1 disapprove & call  him to      
acc\nt4 ,b ! ,po/al ,union ( ! _w :i*   
/e]s a  regi/]$ lett] f ,*ile to ,norway
 or f ,irel& to ,pek9 is  almo/         
completely divorc$ f ! conv5tion ( an   
individual own]4  ,x works2 x is        

criticis$ )\t awe or malice4 ,except = !
  /eal+ & /eam+ ( lett]s by ! political 
police ( v>i\s  c\ntries1 x works fairly
 well4 ,& ! only =ce beh9d x to keep  x 
work+ well is ! consci\s common s5se (  
mank9d4    ,b :5 we h /ipulat$ = !      
replacem5t ( individual private  own]%ip
 by m highly organis$ =ms ( collective  
own]%ip1  subject to free criticism &   
responsible to ! :ole republic (        
mank9d1 9 ! g5]al control ( sea & l&1 9 
! gett+1  prep>ation & di/ribution (    
/aple products & 9 transport1  we h     
really nam$ all ! possible g5]alisations
 ( concrete  own]%ip t ! mo/ sociali/ic 
( contempor>ies w be dispos$  to dem&4  
,& if we add to t ! necess>y ma9t5ance (
 a money  sy/em by a c5tral _w au?ority 
^u a basis t w make  money keep fai? ) !
 work] :o e>ns x1 & repres5t f  fir/ to 
la/ = him ! value 9 /aple commodities he
 0 giv5  to und]/& x 0 to h1 & if we    
conceive cr$it adequately  controll$ 9 !
 g5]al int]e/ by a socialis$ _w bank+   
organisation1 we %all h def9$ ! entire  

realm f :i*  individual prop]ty &       
unre/rict$ individual ent]prise h be5   
exclud$4 ,beyond t1 ! sci5ce ( social   
psy*ology w probably  assure u t ! be/  
"w w be done = ! _w by individuals  free
 to exploit _! abilities z !y wi%4 ,if !
 individual  l&-own] or m9]al-own]      
disappe>s altoge!r f ! _w1 he  w        
probably be replac$ ov] l>ge areas by   
t5ants ) consid]able  security ( t5ure1 
by h\sehold]s & by lic5sees "u          
collective  proprietors4 ,x w be !      
practice1 ! recognis$ be/ c\rse1  to    
all[ ! cultivator to pr(it z fully z    
possible by 8 own  individual           
productivity & to leave ! h\sehold] to  
fa%ion 8  h\se & g>d5 aft] 8 own desire4
    ,su* 9 ! v broade/ t]ms is ! "* ( ! 
_w  commonweal t[>ds :i* ! mod]n        
imag9ation is mov+1 s f> z  its         
direction & economic life are conc]n$4  
,! organisation (  collective bodies    
capable ( ex]cis+ ^! wid] proprietor%ips
  :i* _c be prop]ly us$ 9 ! common      
int]e/ by uncorrelat$  individual own]s1

 is ! positive practical problem be=e ! 
intellig5t portion ( mank9d to-day4 ,!  
nature ( su* collective  bodies is /ill 
a s]ies ( op5 que/ions1 ev5 ^u su* po9ts
 z  :e!r !y w be elect$ bodies or gr\ps 
d]iv+ _! au?ority  f o!r sanctions4 ,_! 
scope & me?ods ( op]ation1 _!  relations
 to "o ano!r & to ! c5tral bureau (     
intellig5ce1  rema9 also to be def9$4 ,b
 be=e we conclude ?is essay we may be   
able to f9d precisions = at lea/ !      
beg9n+ ( su* def9ition4                 
,n9ete5?-c5tury socialism 9 its v>i\s   
=ms1 includ+ !  indurat$ =mul (         
communism1 has be5 a s]ies ( projects = 
! e/abli%m5t ( su* collective controls1 
= ! mo/ "p  v sket*y projects f :i* !   
necess>y factor ( a s\nd  psy*ological  
analysis 0 almo/ completely want+4      
,prim>ily  movem5ts ( prote/ & revolt   
aga9/ ! blaz+ inju/ices aris+  out ( !  
selfi%ly individuali/ic exploitation ( !
 new &  m productive te*nical & f9ancial
 me?ods ( ! eighte5?  & n9ete5?         
c5turies1 !y h be5 apt to g beyond !    

limits  ( reasonable socialisation 9 _! 
dem&s & to m9imise absurdly  !          
difficulties & dang]s ( collective      
control4 ,indignation &  impati5ce 7 _! 
rul+ moods & if !y con/ruct$ little !y  
expos$ mu*4 ,we are bett] able to       
measure ! magnitude ( ! task  be=e u    
because ( ! cle>ances & lessons a*iev$  
by ^!  pione] movem5ts4          ,*apt] 
,,vii    ,,no ,,/able ,,utopia ,,is     
,,contemplat$      ,?is unifi$ _w t[>ds 
:i* ! ef=ts ( ! religi\s m9ority  w\ld  
direct human activities _c be pictur$ = 
! read] z  any /atic & /]eotyp$         
spectacle ( happ9ess4 ,inde$ "o may     
d\bt if su* a ?+ z happ9ess is possible 
)\t /eadily  *ang+ conditions involv+   
cont9ually enl>g+ & exhil>at+           
opportunities4 ,mank9d releas$ f !      
pressure ( population1 !  wa/e ( w>f>e &
 ! private monopolisation ( ! s\rces (  
weal?1 w face ! univ]se ) a great &     
increas+ surplus (  w & en]gy4 ,*ange & 
novelty w be ! ord] ( life2 ea* day  w  
diff] f its pr$ecessor 9 its great]     

amplitude ( int]e/4  ,life :i* 0 once   
r\t9e1 endurance & mis*ance1 w become   
adv5ture & discov]y4 ,x w no long] be 8!
 old1 old /ory40    ,we h /ill b>ely    
em]g$ f among ! animals 9 _!  /ruggle = 
exi/5ce4 ,we live only 9 ! e>ly dawn (  
human  self-consci\sness & 9 ! fir/     
awak5+ ( ! _s ( ma/]y4  ,we believe t ! 
p]si/5t exploration ( our outw>d & inw>d
  worlds by sci5tific & arti/ic endeav\r
 w lead to developm5ts  ( p[] & activity
 ^u :i* at pres5t we c set no limits nor
  give any c]ta9 =m4    ,our antagoni/s 
are confusion ( m9d1 want ( c\rage1 want
 (  curiosity & want ( imag9ation1      
indol5ce & sp5d?rift egotism4  ,^! are !
 enemies aga9/ :i* ! ,op5 ,conspiracy   
arrays itself2  ^! are ! jail]s ( human 
fre$om & a*ievem5t4          ,*apt]     
,,viii    ,,! ,,op5 ,,conspiracy ,,mu/  
,,be ,,het]og5e\s      ,?is op5 & decl>$
 int5tion ( e/abli%+ a _w ord] out  ( ! 
pres5t pat*work ( p>ticul>i/ gov]nm5ts1 
( effac+  ! milit>i/ conceptions t h    
hi!rto giv5 gov]nm5ts  _! typical =m1 & 

( remov+ cr$it & ! broad fundam5tal     
processes ( economic life out ( rea* (  
private pr(it-seek+  & individual       
monopolisation1 :i* is ! sub/ance ( ?is 
,op5  ,conspiracy to :i* ! mod]n        
religi\s m9d mu/ necess>ily address  its
 practical activities1 _c fail to ar\se 
enorm\s opposition4  ,x is n a creative 
ef=t 9 a cle> field2 x is a creative    
ef=t  t c h>dly /ir )\t attack+ e/abli%$
 ?+s4 ,x is  ! repudiation ( drift1 (   
8leav+ ?+s alone40 ,x criticises  ev]y?+
 9 human life f top to bottom & f9ds    
ev]y?+ n  good en\gh4 ,x /rikes at !    
univ]sal human desire to feel t  ?+s are
 8all "r40    ,"o might conclude1 & x   
w\ld be a ha/y uns\nd conclusion1 t  !  
only p to :om we c\ld look = sympa?y &  
any passionate  en]gy 9 =w>d+ !         
revolution>y *ange w\ld be ! unhappy1 ! 
discont5t$1 ! dispossess$ & ! defeat$ 9 
life's /ruggle4  ,?is idea lies at !    
root ( ! class-w> dogmas ( ! ,m>xi/s1  &
 x re/s on an entirely crude conception 
( human nature4 ,!  successful m9ority  

is suppos$ to h no effective motive b a 
desire to reta9 & int5sify its          
advantages4 ,a q imag9>y  solid>ity to t
 end is attribut$ to x1 a prepo/]\s base
 class  activity4 ,on ! o!r h&1 !       
unsuccessful mass--8prolet>iat0--is     
suppos$ to be capable ( a cle>          
appreh5sion ( its disadvantages1  & ! m 
x is impov]i%$ & embitt]$1 ! ne>] draws 
its  upris+1 its con/ructive            
8dictator%ip0 & ! ,mill5nium4    ,no    
d\bt a consid]able am\nt ( tru? is to be
 f\nd di/ort$  9 ?is !ory ( ! communi/  
revolution4 ,human be+s1 l  o!r animals1
 are dispos$ to rema9 :]e _!            
circum/ances are  tol]able & to want    
*ange :5 !y are uncom=table1 & s a      
great proportion ( ! p :o are 8well (f0 
want little or no  *ange 9 pres5t       
conditions1 p>ticul>ly ^? :o are too    
dull  to be bor$ by an unprogressive    
life--& a great proportion (  ^? :o     
actually feel ! inconv5i5ces ( /rait5$  
means &  population pressure1 d4 ,b mu* 
va/] masses ( ! rank & file  ( humanity 

are accu/om$ to inf]iority &            
dispossession1 !y d  n feel ^! ?+s to ! 
ext5t ev5 ( desir+ *ange1 or giv5  s mu*
 appreh5sion !y /ill fe> *ange m ?an !y 
dislike  _! disadvantages4 ,moreov]1 ^? 
:o are suffici5tly di/ress$  to realise 
t 8some?+ ought to be done ab\t x0 are  
mu* m  dispos$ to *ildi% & ?reat5+ dem&s
 ^u heav5 & !  gov]nm5ts = r$ress &     
v9dictive & punitive action aga9/ !     
envi$ =tunate ) :om !y happ5 to be 9    
imm$iate contact1  ?an to any reaction  
t[>ds su* complex1 t5tative discipl9$   
con/ructive "w z alone c bett] ! lot (  
mank9d4 ,9 practice  ,m>xism is f\nd to 
"w out 9 a ready resort to malignantly  
de/ructive activities & to be s         
uncreative z to be practically  impot5t 
9 ! face ( mat]ial difficulties4 ,9     
,russia :]e--9 &  ab\t ! urban c5tres at
 lea/--,m>xism has be5 put to ! te/1 !  
doctr9e ( ! ,work]s' ,republic rema9s z 
a unify+ cant1 a te/ (  or?odoxy ( z    
little practical significance !re z !   
communism  ( ,jesus & communion ) ,*ri/ 

9 ,*ri/5dom1 :ile b5ea? ?is  cre$ a     
small olig>*y :i* has atta9$ p[] by its 
pr(ession does  its ob/9ate be/1 mu*    
hamp]$ by ! suspicion & ho/ility ( !    
,we/]n f9anci]s & politicians1 to c>ry  
on a s]ies ( int]e/+  & v>y+ly          
successful exp]im5ts 9 ! socialisation (
 economic  life4 ,ea* ye> %[s m & m     
cle>ly t ,m>xism & ,communism  are      
divagations f ! pa? ( human progress & t
 ! l9e (  advance mu/ foll[ a c\rse m   
intricate & less flatt]+ to !  common   
impulses ( our nature4    ,! "o ma9 /r& 
( tru? 9 ! !ory ( social developm5t wov5
  by ,m>x & ,engels is t successful1    
com=table p are dispos$  to dislike1    
ob/ruct & ev5 resi/ actively any        
sub/antial *anges  9 ! curr5t pat*work (
 arrangem5ts1 h[ev] great ! ultimate    
dang]s ( t pat*work may be or !         
privations & suff]+s (  o!r p involv$ 9 
x4 ,! "o ma9 /r& ( error 9 t  !ory is ! 
facile assumption t ! p at a            
disadvantage w  be /irr$ to any?+ m ?an 
*aotic & de/ructive expressions (       

res5tm5t4 ,if n[ we reject ! error &    
accept ! tru?1 we lose  ! delusive com=t
 ( belief 9 t magic giant1 !            
,prolet>iat1  :o w dictate1 arrange1    
re/ore & create1 b we cle> ! way  = !   
recognition ( an lite ( intellig5t      
religi\s-m9d$ p  scatt]$ ?r\gh ! :ole   
community1 & = a /udy ( ! me?od  ( mak+ 
?is creative elem5t effective 9 human   
affairs aga9/ !  massive oppositions (  
selfi%ness & unimag9ative               
self-protective  cons]vatism4    ,n[    
c]ta9 classes ( p su* z ?ugs & burgl>s  
seem to  be h>mful to society )\t a     
r$eem+ po9t ab\t !m1 &  o!rs su* z      
race-c\rse bookmak]s seem to provide !  
m9imum (  di/raction & ent]ta9m5t ) a   
maximum ( mis*ief4 ,wilful  idl]s are a 
m]e bur!n on ! community4 ,o!r social   
classes  aga91 pr(essional soldi]s =    
example1 h a c]ta9 traditional          
hon\rabl5ess :i* disguises ! ess5tially 
p>asitic relation%ip  ( _! s]vices to ! 
develop+ mod]n community4 ,armies &     
armam5ts are canc]s produc$ by !        

malignant developm5t ( !  patriotic     
virus "u mod]n conditions ( exagg]ation 
& mass  sugge/ion4 ,b s9ce !re are      
armies prep>$ to act co]cively 9  ! _w  
to-day1 x is necess>y t ! ,op5          
,conspiracy %\ld  conta9 )9 itself !    
compet5ce to resi/ milit>y co]cion &    
combat & de/roy armies t /& 9 ! way (   
its em]g5ce4  ,possibly ! fir/ two types
 "h in/anc$ may be condemn$ z classes  &
 exclud$ z classes f any p>ticipation 9 
! organis$ ef=t  to reca/ ! _w1 b q     
obvi\sly ! soldi] _c4 ,! _w  commonweal 
w ne$ its own sci5tific me?ods (        
prev5tion s long  z !re are p runn+ ab\t
 ! planet ) flags & uni=ms  & weapons1  
(f]+ viol5ce to _! fell[ m5 & int]f]+ ) 
! free movem5ts ( commodities 9 ! "n (  
national sov]eignty4    ,& :5 we come to
 ! g5]al function+ classes1 l&[n]s1     
indu/rial organis]s1 bank]s & s =?1 :o  
control ! pres5t  sy/em su* z x is1 x   
%\ld be /ill pla9] t x is v  l>gely f ! 
ranks ( ^! classes & f _! /ores (       
exp]i5ce & traditions ( me?od1 t !      

directive =ces ( !  new ord] mu/ em]ge4 
,! ,op5 ,conspiracy c h no?+ to d )  !  
h]esy t ! pa? ( human progress lies     
?r\gh an ext5sive  class w>4    ,let u  
consid] h[ x /&s to su* a complex (     
activities1  usages1 accumulations1     
advantages z con/itutes ! bank+ _w4     
,!re are no d\bt _m bank]s & _m         
practices 9 bank+ :i*  make = p]sonal or
 gr\p advantage to ! g5]al detrim5t4 ,!y
  =e/all1 monopolise1 con/ra9 & extort &
 s increase _!  ri*es4 ,& ano!r l>ge "p 
( t bank+ _w foll[s r\t9e  & e/abli%es  
usage2 x is c>ry+ on & keep+ ?+s go+1  &
 x is nei!r inimical nor conducive to ! 
developm5t ( a  progressive _w          
organisation ( f9ance4 ,b !re rema9s a  
residuum  ( orig9al & intellig5t p 9    
bank+ or associat$ )  bank+ or m5tally  
int]e/$ 9 bank+1 :o d realise t bank+   
plays a v important & int]e/+ "p 9 !    
_w's affairs1 :o  are curi\s ab\t _! own
 intricate function & dispos$ t[>ds  a  
sci5tific inve/igation ( its orig9s1    
conditions & future  possibilities4 ,su*

 types move naturally t[>ds ! ,op5      
,conspiracy4  ,_! enquiries c>ry !m     
inevitably outside ! bank]s' habitual   
field to an exam9ation ( ! nature1 drift
 & de/9y ( ! entire  human economic     
process4    ,n[ ! !me ( ! prec$+        
p>agraph might be repeat$ )  v>iations  
?r\gh a score ( p>agraphs 9 :i*         
appropriate  modifications w\ld adapt x 
to ! indu/rial organis]1 ! m]*ant  &    
organis] ( transport1 ! adv]tis]1 !     
retail di/ributor1  ! agriculturali/1 ! 
eng9e]1 ! build]1 ! economic *emi/1  & a
 numb] ( o!r types functional to !      
contempor>y community4  ,9 all we %\ld  
di/+ui% a base & h>mful section1 a      
m$iocre  section foll[+ e/abli%$ usage &
 an active1 progressive section  to :om 
we turn naturally = developm5ts lead+   
t[>ds !  progressive _w commonweal ( our
 desires4 ,& our analysis might         
p5etrate fur!r ?an sep>ation into types 
( individuals4 ,9 ne>ly  e individual   
in/ance we %\ld f9d a mix$ composition1 
a human  be+ ( fluctuat+ moods & confus$

 purposes1 sometimes base1  sometimes   
drift+ ) ! tide & sometimes al]t &      
intellectually  & morally quick5$4 ,!   
,op5 ,conspiracy mu/ be cont5t to take a
  fraction ( a man1 z x appeals to      
fractions ( _m classes1 if x  _c get him
 altoge!r4    ,?is idea ( draw+ toge!r a
 proportion ( all or ne>ly all !        
functional classes 9 contempor>y        
communities 9 ord] to weave !  beg9n+s (
 a _w community out ( _! selection1 is a
 fairly  obvi\s "o--& yet x has /ill to 
w9 practical recognition4 ,man  is a    
morbidly greg>i\s & p>tisan creature2 he
 is deep 9 8  imm$iate /ruggles2 !      
indu/riali/ is be/ equipp$ to criticise 
8 fell[ indu/riali/1 b he f9ds ! root ( 
all evil 9 !  bank]2 ! wages work] %ifts
 ! blame = all social wrongs on !       
8employ+ class40 ,!re is an elem5t (    
exasp]ation 9 mo/ economic  & social    
reactions & !re is h>dly a re=m+ or     
revolution>y  movem5t 9 hi/ory :i* is n 
ess5tially an indiscrim9ate attack  ( "o
 function+ class or type ^u ano!r1 on ! 

assumption t  ! attack$ class is        
entirely to blame = ! cla% & t !        
attack+ class is self-suffici5t 9 !     
commonweal & c disp5se  ) its annoy+    
collaborator4 ,a consid]able elem5t (   
ju/ice  ent]s into mo/ su*              
recrim9ations4 ,b ! ,op5 ,conspiracy _c 
avail itself ( ^! class animosities =   
its driv+ =ce4 ,x  c h !re=e no uni=m   
me?od ( approa*4 ,= ea* class x  has a  
conception ( modification & developm5t1 
& ea* class x  approa*es !re=e at a     
di/9ctive angle4 ,"s classes no d\bt x  
w\ld sup]s$e altoge!r2 o!rs--! sci5tific
 inve/igator =  example--x mu/ reg>d z  
almo/ :olly good & seek only to exp&  & 
emp[]1 b x c no m adopt ! prejudices &  
extravagances  ( any p>ticul> class z   
its basis ?an x c adopt ! claims (  any 
exi/+ /ate or empire4    ,:5 x is cle>ly
 und]/ood t ! b9d+ l9ks ( ! ,op5        
,conspiracy we h 9 m9d are c]ta9 broad  
g5]al ideas &  t--except p]haps 9 ! case
 ( sci5tific work]s--we h no  curr5t set
 ( attitudes ( m9d & habits ( activity  

:i* we c  turn ov] directly & unmodifi$ 
to ! s]vice ( ! conspiracy1 we  are 9 a 
position to realise t ! movem5t we      
contemplate mu/ f  ! outset be div]sifi$
 9 its traditions & elem5ts & v>i\s  9  
its me?ods4 ,x mu/ fight ^u sev]al      
fronts & ) _m sorts  ( equipm5t4 ,x w h 
a common _s b x is q conceivable  t     
betwe5 _m ( its contributory factors !re
 may be v wide  gaps 9 und]/&+ &        
sympa?y4          ,*apt] ,,ix    ,,=ces 
,,& ,,resi/ances ,,9 ,,! ,,great ,,mod]n
 ,,communities ,,n[ ,,preval5t  ,,:i*   
,,w ,,be ,,antagoni/ic ,,to ,,! ,,op5   
,,conspiracy      ,we h n[ /at$ broadly 
b pla9ly ! idea ( ! _w commonweal  :i*  
is ! objective ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy1 &  
we h made a  prelim9>y exam9ation ( !   
composition ( ! movem5t1 %[+  t x mu/ be
 necess>ily n a class developm5t b a    
conv]g5ce  ( _m diff]5t sorts ( p ^u ?is
 common idea4 ,its op5+  task mu/ be !  
elaboration1 exposition & propag&a ( ?is
 common  idea1 &1 aris+ out ( ?is1 !    
incomp>ably va/] task ( its             

realisation4    ,^! are ! tasks n to be 
done 9 vacuo2 !y h  to be done 9 a d5se 
_w ( cr[d+1 incessant1 passionate1      
unco-ord9at$ activities1 ! _w ( m>ket & 
newspap]1 se$-"t  & h>ve/1 bir?s1 dea?s1
 jails1 hospitals1 riots1 b>racks &     
army manuvres1 false prophets & royal   
processions1 games & %[s1  fire1 /orm1  
pe/il5ce1 e>?quake1 w>4 ,e day & e h\r  
?+s w be happ5+ to help or ?w>t1        
/imulate or und]m9e1  ob/ruct or defeat 
! creative ef=t to set up ! _w          
commonweal4    ,be=e we g on to discuss 
! selection & organisation ( ^!         
het]og5e\s & ma9ly religi\s impulses ^u 
:i* we re/ our  hopes ( a great] life = 
mank9d1 be=e we plan h[ ^! impulses  may
 be got toge!r into a sy/em ( co-ord9at$
 activities1 x w  be well to review !   
ma9 antagoni/ic =ces ) :i*1 f its  v    
inception1 ! ,op5 ,conspiracy w be--is  
n[--9 conflict4    ,to beg9 )1 we w     
consid] ^! =ces z !y pres5t !mselves  9 
! highly develop$ ,we/]n ,european      
,/ates ( to-day & 9 _!  ,am]ican        

d]ivatives1 d]ivatives :i* 9 spite ( !  
fact t  9 mo/ cases !y h f> outgr[n _!  
l&s ( orig91 /ill  owe a l>ge "p ( _!   
social habits & political conceptions to
  ,europe4 ,all ^! ,/ates t\* ^u !      
,atlantic or its contributory  seas2 !y 
h all gr[n to _! pres5t =m s9ce !       
discov]y  ( ,am]ica2 !y h a common      
association root+ 9 ! idea (  ,*ri/5dom 
& a g5]ic resemblance ( me?od4 ,!y      
pres5t :at is  kn[n 9 curr5t p>lance z !
 ,capitali/ sy/em1 b x w relieve  u ( a 
consid]able load ( disputati\s matt] if 
we call !m "h  simply ! 8,atlantic0     
civilisations & communities4    ,!      
consid]ation ( ^! ,atlantic             
civilisations 9 relation to  ! com+ _w  
civilisation w suffice = ! pres5t *apt]4
  ,aft]w>ds we w consid] ! modification 
( ! =ces antagoni/ic  to ! ,op5         
,conspiracy z !y display !mselves beyond
 ! =mal  conf9es ( ^! n[ dom9ant ,/ates 
9 ! _w's affairs1 9 !  social sy/ems    
weak5$ & injur$ by _! expansion & among 
su*  less highly organis$ communities z 

/ill survive f man's savage  & b>b>ic   
pa/4    ,! ,op5 ,conspiracy is n        
necess>ily antagoni/ic to any exi/+     
gov]nm5t4 ,! ,op5 ,conspiracy is a      
creative organis+ movem5t &  n an       
an>*i/ic "o4 ,x does n want to de/roy   
exi/+ controls  & =ms ( human           
association1 b ei!r to sup]s$e or       
amalgamate  !m into a common _w         
directorate4 ,if con/itutions1 p>liam5ts
  & k+s c be dealt ) z provisional      
in/itutions1 tru/ees =  ! com+ ( age ( !
 _w commonweal1 & 9 s f> z !y are       
conduct$ 9 t _s1 ! ,op5 ,conspiracy     
makes no attack ^u !m4    ,b mo/        
gov]nm5ts w n set ab\t _! bus9ess z 9   
any  way provisional1 !y & _! support]s 
insi/ ^u a rev]5ce  & ob$i5ce :i*       
repudiate any possibility ( sup]session4
 ,:at  %\ld be an in/rum5t becomes a    
div9ity4 ,9 ne>ly e c\ntry  ( ! _w !re  
is1 9 def]5ce to ! pret5d$ necessities (
 a  possible w>1 a va/ degrad+ & dang]\s
 cultivation ( loyalty  & me*anical     
subs]vi5ce to flags1 uni=ms1 presid5ts &

 k+s4  ,a presid5t or k+ :o does 8      
appo9t$ "w well & righte\sly  is entitl$
 to z mu* subs]vi5ce z a bricklay] :o   
does 8 "w  well & righte\sly & to no m1 
b in/ead !re is a su/a9$  endeav\r to   
give him ! privilege ( an idol above    
criticism or  reproa*1 & ! organis$     
wor%ip ( flags has become--) *ang$      
conditions ( int]c\rse & w>f>e--an      
entirely evil misdirection  ( ! greg>i\s
 impulses ( our race4 ,emotion &        
s5tim5tality  are evok$ 9 ! cause (     
discipl9es & co-op]ations t c\ld  q     
easily be su/a9$ & t are bett] su/a9$ by
 rational  conviction4    ,! ,op5       
,conspiracy is necess>ily oppos$ to all 
su* implacable  loyalties & /ill m s to 
! aggressive ass]tion & propag&a  ( su* 
loyalties4 ,:5 ^! ?+s take ! =m (       
suppress+  reasonable criticism & =bidd+
 ev5 ! sugge/ion ( o!r =ms  ( gov]nm5t  
!y become pla9ly antagoni/s to any      
compreh5sive  project = human welf>e4   
,!y become manife/ly1 f ! wid] po9t  (  
view1 s$iti\s1 & loyalty to 8k+ &       

c\ntry0 passes into  pla9 treason to    
mank9d4 ,almo/ ev]y:]e at pres5t1       
educational  activities organise b>ri]s 
9 ! pa? ( progress & !re are  only !    
feeble/ attempts at any c\nt]-education 
t w break up  ^! b>ri]s4 ,!re is little 
or no ef=t to re/ra9 ! aggressive       
nationali/ :5 he waves 8 flag aga9/ !   
welf>e ( our race  or to protect !      
*ildr5 ( ! _w f ! infection ( 8         
en?usiasms4 ,& ?is la/ is z true n[ ( ! 
,am]ican sy/em z x  is ( any ,european  
,/ate4    ,9 ! great mass ( ! mod]n     
community !re is little m ?an  a        
fav\rable acquiesc5ce 9 patriotic ideas 
& 9 ! wor%ip (  patriotic symbols1 & t  
is bas$ l>gely on su* tra9+4 ,^!  ?+s   
are n necess>y ?+s = ! g5]ality to-day4 
,a *ange  ( m5tal direction w\ld be     
possible = ! majority ( p n[  )\t any   
viol5t disorganisation ( _! intimate    
lives or any  s]i\s social or economic  
readju/m5ts = !m4 ,m5tal infection  9   
su* cases c\ld be c\nt]$ by m5tal       
sanitation4 ,a majority (  p 9 ,europe &

 a /ill l>g] majority 9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates 
& ! o!r ,am]ican ,republics c\ld become 
citiz5s ( ! _w  )\t any s]i\s h9drance  
to _! pres5t occupations1 & )           
incalculably va/ increase ( _! pres5t   
security4    ,b !re rema9s a net (      
special classes 9 e community1 f  k+s to
 cu/om-h\se (fic]s1 f> m deeply involv$ 
9 patriotism  because x is _! trade & _!
 s\rce ( hon\r1 & prep>$ 9  consequ5ce )
 an in/9ctive resi/ance to any          
re-ori5tation (  ideas t[>ds a broad]   
outlook4 ,9 ! case ( su* p no m5tal     
sanitation is possible )\t dang]\s &    
al>m+ *anges 9 _!  way ( liv+4 ,= !     
majority ( ^! patriots by mti]1 !  ,op5 
,conspiracy unlocks ! gates lead+ f a   
p>adise ( em95ce1  respect & privilege1 
& motions !m t[>ds an out] wild]ness    
:i* does n pres5t ev5 ! fa9te/ promise (
 a cong5ial1  di/+ui%$ life = !m4 ,ne>ly
 ev]y?+ 9 human nature w  dispose !m to 
turn away f ^! gates :i* op5 t[>ds ! _w 
peace1 to bang-to & lock !m aga9 if !y  
c1 & to gr[ ?ickets  z spe$ily z        

possible to conceal !m & get !m =gott54 
,!  sugge/ion ( be+ tru/ees 9 a         
transition w seem to mo/ ( su*  p only !
 cam\flage ( an ultimate degradation4   
,f su* classes ( patriots by mti]1 x is 
manife/ t !  ,op5 ,conspiracy c expect  
only opposition4 ,x may deta*           
individuals  f !m1 b only by depriv+ !m 
( _! ess5tial class  loyalties &        
*>act]i/ics4 ,! class z a class w rema9 
none  ! less antagoni/ic4 ,ab\t royal   
c\rts & presid5tial resid5ces1  9       
diplomatic1 consul>1 milit>y & naval    
circles & :]ev] p  we> titles & uni=ms &
 enjoy pride & prec$5ces bas$ on  exi/+ 
political in/itutions1 !re w be !       
complete/ g5]al  inability to grasp !   
ne$ = ! ,op5 ,conspiracy4 ,^! p  & _!   
womank9d1 _! fri5ds & connections1 _!   
s]vants  & dep5dants are =tifi$ by      
"t-hon\r$ traditions ( social  usage1 ( 
s5tim5t & romantic pre/ige4 ,!y w insi/ 
t !y  are reality & ,cosmopolis a dream4
 ,only individuals ( exceptional        
imag9ative livel9ess1 r>e intellectual  

p[] & innate moral =ce  c be expect$ to 
break away f ! anti-progressive habits  
su*  class conditions impose ^u !m4     
,?is tangle ( traditions & loyalties1 ( 
int]e/$ trades &  pr(essions1 (         
privileg$ classes & (ficial patriots1   
?is complex  ( human be+s embody+ v easy
 & natural & "t-hon\r$  ideas ( et]nal  
national sep>ation & un5d+ int]national 
&  class conflict1 is ! ma9 objective ( 
! ,op5 ,conspiracy 9 its  op5+ phase4   
,?is tangle mu/ be dis5tangl$ z ! ,op5  
,conspiracy  advances1 & until x is     
l>gely dis5tangl$ & cle>$ up t ,op5     
,conspiracy _c become any?+ v mu* m ?an 
a desire & a  project4    ,! tangle (   
8necess>y patriots0 z "o may call !m is 
diff]5t  9 its nature1 less intricate & 
ext5sive proportionally 9 !  ,unit$     
,/ates & ! ,/ates ( ,lat9 ,am]ica ?an x 
is 9 ! old  ,european communities1 b x  
is none ! less virul5t 9 its action  on 
t acc\nt4 ,x is only rec5tly t milit>y &
 naval s]vices  h become important      
factors 9 ,am]ican social life1 & !     

really  vitalis+ contact ( ! int]e/$    
patriot & ! ,/ate has hi!rto  c5tr$     
ma9ly ^u ! cu/om-h\se & ! concession4   
,in/ead ( a  mell[ & romantic loyalty to
 8k+ & c\ntry0 ! ,am]ican ?9ks  simply (
 ,am]ica & 8 flag4    ,am]ican          
indep5d5ce began z a resi/ance to       
exploitation f  ov]seas4 ,ev5 :5        
political & fiscal fre$om 7 won1 !re 0  
a long phase ( indu/rial & f9ancial     
dep5d5ce4 ,! ,am]ican's  habits ( m9d1 9
 spite ( 8 rec5t realisation ( ! enorm\s
  p[] & relative prosp]ity ( ! ,unit$   
,/ates & ( ! exp&+  possibilities ( _!  
,spani% & ,portuguese-speak+ neighb\rs1 
are  /ill l>gely self-protective aga9/ a
 n[ imag9>y ,european p]il4  ,= ! fir/  
?ree qu>t]s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury ! p (  ! 
,am]ican cont95t & p>ticul>ly ! p ( !   
,unit$ ,/ates  felt ! indu/rial &       
f9ancial asc5d5cy ( ,great ,brita9 & _h 
a reasonable fe> ( ,european attacks ^u 
_! cont95t4 ,a gr[+  tide ( immigrants (
 unc]ta9 sympa?y ?reat5$ _! de>e/       
habits4 ,flag wor%ip 0 impos$ prim>ily z

 a repudiation ( ,europe4  ,europe no   
long] looms ov] ,am]ica ) ov]p[]+       
intimations1  ,am]ican indu/ries no     
long] h any practical ju/ification =    
protection1 ,am]ican f9ance w\ld be     
happi] )\t x1 b !  patriotic int]e/s are
 s e/abli%$ n[ t !y g on & w g  on4     
,we h said t ! complex ( classes 9 any  
c\ntry int]e/$  9 ! curr5t me?od (      
gov]nm5t is su/a9$ by traditions &      
impell$ by its nature & conditions to   
protect itself aga9/  exploratory       
criticism4 ,x is !re=e unable to escape 
f ! =ms  ( competitive & militant       
nationalism 9 :i* x 0 evolv$4 ,x  _c )\t
 grave dang] ( enfeeblem5t1 *ange any   
su* innate  =m4 ,s t :ile p>allel       
complexes ( patriotic classes are f\nd  
9 great] or less intricacy gr\p$ ab\t ! 
flags & gov]nm5ts  ( mo/ exi/+ /ates1 ^!
 complexes are by _! nature oblig$  to  
rema9 sep>ate1 nationali/ & mutually    
antagoni/ic4 ,y _c  expect a _w union ( 
soldi]s or diplomati/s4 ,_! exi/5ce  &  
nature dep5d ^u ! idea t national       

sep>ation is real  & incurable1 & t w>1 
9 ! long run1 is unavoidable4 ,_!       
conceptions ( loyalty involve an        
antagonism to all =eign]s1 ev5  to      
=eign]s ( exactly ! same types z        
!mselves1 & make = a  cont9ual campaign 
( annoyances1 suspicions &              
precautions--toge!r  ) a g5]al propag&a1
 affect+ all o!r classes1 ( !  necessity
 ( an int]national antagonism--t creeps 
p]si/5tly  t[>ds w>4    ,b :ile ! me?ods
 ( provok+ w> employ$ by ! patriotic    
classes are traditional1 mod]n sci5ce   
has made a new & enorm\sly  m p[]ful ?+ 
( w>f>e &1 z ! ,great ,w> %[$1 ev5 !    
mo/ cons]vative g5]als on bo? sides are 
unable to prev5t !  gigantic int]v5tions
 ( ! me*anician & ! *emi/4 ,s t a       
situation is br\ght ab\t 9 :i* !        
milit>i/ elem5t is unable to  fight )\t 
! support ( ! mod]n indu/rial           
organisation & !  acquiesc5ce ( ! great 
mass ( p4 ,we are confront$ !re=e  at ! 
pres5t "t ) ! p>adoxical situation t a  
patriotic  tradition su/a9s 9 p[] &     

au?ority w>like classes :o are q        
incapable ( c>ry+ on w>4 ,! o!r classes 
to :i* !y mu/ g  = support :5 ! disa/] (
 w> is actually a*iev$ are classes      
develop$ "u peace conditions1 :i* n only
 h no positive  advantage 9 w>1 b mu/1 z
 a :ole1 suff] great dislocation1       
discom=t1 de/ruction & di/ress f w>4 ,x 
is ( prim>y  importance to ! =mally     
dom9ant classes t ^! new social  masses 
& p[]s %\ld rema9 "u ! sway ( ! old     
social1  s5tim5tal & romantic           
traditions1 & equally important is x to 
!  ,op5 ,conspiracy t !y %\ld be        
releas$4    ,"h we br+ into consid]ation
 ano!r great complex ( p]sons1  int]e/s1
 traditions--! _w ( education1 ! v>i\s  
religi\s  organisations1 &1 beyond ^!1 !
 ramify+ indet]m9ate _w  ( newspap]s &  
o!r p]iodicals1 books1 ! drama1 art &   
all  ! in/rum5ts ( pres5tation &        
sugge/ion t m\ld op9ion &  direct       
action4 ,! sum ( ! op]ations ( ?is      
complex w be ei!r  to su/a9 or demoli% !
 old nationali/ militant asc5d5cy4 ,its 

easie/ imm$iate c\rse is to accept x4   
,educational organisations on  t acc\nt 
are n[ l>gely a cons]vative =ce 9 !     
community2  !y are 9 mo/ cases directly 
controll$ by au?ority & b\nd  (ficially 
z well z practically to respect curr5t  
fe>s &  prejudices4 ,x evokes few]      
difficulties = !m if !y limit &  m\ld r 
?an release ! "y4 ,! s*oolma/] t5ds     
!re=e  to accept & /&>dise & /]eotype1  
ev5 9 ! liv+1  progressive fields (     
sci5ce & philosophy4 ,ev5 !re he is a   
brake  on ! =w>d movem5t4 ,x is cle> t !
 ,op5 ,conspiracy mu/  ei!r cont9ually  
di/urb & revivify him or else frankly   
antagonise  him4 ,univ]sities also      
/ruggle betwe5 ! hon\rable pa/ on :i*   
_! pre/ige re/s1 & ! ne$ ( adaptation to
 a _w ( enquiry1  exp]im5t & *ange4 ,x  
is an op5 "q :e!r ^! p>ticul>           
organisations ( intellectual pre/ige are
 ( any real value 9 !  liv+ _w4 ,a mod]n
 _w plann$ de novo w\ld probably        
produce no?+ l a contempor>y ,univ]sity4
 ,mod]n rese>*1  "o may argue1 w\ld be  

/imulat$ r ?an injur$ by complete       
deta*m5t f ! l+]+ m$ivalism ( su*       
in/itutions1 _!  entanglem5t ) adolesc5t
 education & _! anci5t & contagi\s      
conceptions ( prec$5ce & hon\r4         
,ord9>y religi\s organisations1 aga91   
exi/ = self-pres]vation  & are prone to 
foll[ r ?an direct ! curr5ts ( popul>   
?\ght4 ,!y are kept alive inde$ by      
revivalism & new dep>tures  :i* at !    
outset !y are apt to resi/1 z ! ,ca?olic
 ,*ur*  = in/ance resi/$ ! ,franciscan  
awak5+1 b _! =mal  disposition is       
cons]vative4 ,!y say to religi\s        
developm5t1 ?us  f> & no f>!r4    ,"h is
 s*ool1 college & *ur* are activities ( 
?\ght &  in/ruction1 :i* g5]ally speak+ 
drag ^u ! :eels ( progress1  b :i* ne$ n
 necess>ily d s4 ,a s*oolma/] may be    
orig9al1  /imulat+ & creative1 & if he  
is =tunate & a good fight] he  may ev5  
a*ieve consid]able worldly success2     
,univ]sity tea*]s &  inve/igators may   
/rike out ^u new l9es & yet escape      
de/ruction  by ! old] dons4 ,univ]sities

 compete aga9/ o!r ,univ]sities at  home
 & abroad & _c altoge!r yield to ! =ces 
( dullness  & subs]vi5ce4 ,!y mu/ ma9ta9
 a c]ta9 diff]5ce f vulg>  op9ion & a   
c]ta9 repute ( intellectual virility4   
,z we pass f ! m organis$ to ! less     
organis$ intellectual  activities1 we   
f9d cons]vative influ5ce decl9+ 9       
importance &  a fre] play = ! creative  
drive4 ,fre%ness is a prim>y condition  
( j\rnali/ic1 lit]>y & arti/ic success1 
& or?odoxy has  no?+ new to say or d4 ,b
 ! desire = fre%ness may be satisfi$    
all too readily by m]ely extravagant1   
sup]ficial & incoh]5t  inv5tions4    ,! 
influ5ce ( ! old traditional nationali/ 
social & political  hi]>*y is n1 h[ev]1 
ex]t$ exclusively ?r\gh its control  ov]
 s*ools & ,univ]sities4 ,nor is t inde$ 
its m p[]ful  activity4 ,w\ld t x 76    
,!re is also a direct1 less def9$       
contact ( ! old ord] ) ! nasc5t p[]s1 t 
plays a f>  m effective "p 9 delay+ !   
developm5t ( ! mod]n _w  commonweal4    
,necess>ily ! old ord] has det]m9$ !    

e/abli%$  way ( life1 :i* is at its be/ 
l>ge1 com=table1 amus+1  respect$4 ,x   
possesses all ! entrances & exits & all 
!  controls ( ! e/abli%$ daily r\nd4 ,x 
is able to exact & x  does exact1 almo/ 
)\t design1 _m con=mities4 ,!re c be  no
 v ample social life !re=e = ^? :o are  
conspicu\sly  diss5ti5t4 ,aga9 ! old    
ord] has a complete provision = !  gr[?1
 welf>e & advancem5t ( its *ildr54 ,x   
controls !  f\nts ( hon\r &             
self-respect2 x provides a mapp$-out _w 
(  behavi\r4 ,! new initiatives make _! 
appe>ance "h & !re  9 ! =m ( isolat$    
individuals1 "h an inv5tor1 !re a bold  
organis] or a vigor\s ?9k]4 ,ap>t f 8   
specific "w !  innovat+ type f9ds t he  
mu/ fall 9 ) e/abli%$ ?+s  or 8 wom5folk
 w be o/racis$ & he w be di/ress$ by a  
s5se ( isolation ev5 9 ! mid/ (         
successful activities4 ,!  m int5sely he
 innovates 9 p>ticul>1 ! m likely is he 
to be  too busy to seek out k9dr$ s\ls &
 organise a new social life 9  g5]al4 ,!
 new ?+s & ideas1 ev5 :5 !y arise       

abundantly1  arise scatt]$ & unorganis$1
 & ! old ord] takes !m 9 its  net4      
,am]ica = example--bo? on its ,lat9 &   
its ,engli%-speak+  side--is 9 _m ways a
 triumph ( ! old ord] ov] ! new4    ,m5 
l ,w9wood ,reade ?\ght t ! ,new ,_w w\ld
 be inde$ a  new _w4 ,!y idealis$ its   
app>5t emancipations4 ,b z ! m          
successful ( ! toil+ f>m]s & trad]s (   
republican ,am]ica  rose "o by "o to    
afflu5ce1 leisure1 & fre$om1 x 0 f> m   
easy = !m to adopt ! poli%$ & prep>$    
social patt]ns &  usages ( ,europe ?an  
to "w out a complete new civilisation 9 
accordance ) _! equalit>ian pr(essions4 
,yet !re rema9s a gap  9 _! adapt$      
8,society40 ,h5ry ,james1 t acute obs]v]
 ( subtle  social flav\rs1 has po9t$ out
 ! peculi> headlessness (  social life 9
 ,am]ica because ( ! abs5ce ( c\rt      
functions to  8g on0 to & ju/ify !      
assembl+ & dress+4 ,! social life  has  
intimat$ ! prep>ation = ! ,c\rt )\t any 
political  ju/ification4 ,9 ,europe !   
assimilation ( ! weal?y ,european       

indu/riali/ & f9anci] by ! old ord] has 
be5 p>allel &  naturally m logically    
complete4 ,he really does f9d a c\rt to 
8g  on0 to4 ,8 social s*eme is /ill     
undecapitat$4    ,9 ?is way ! complex ( 
classes vitally involv$ 9 ! old militant
  nationali/ ord] is mightily re9=c$ by 
mu* l>g] masses (  imitative & annex$ & 
m or less assimilat$ ri* & active  p4 ,!
 great indu/riali/ m>ries ! daught] ( ! 
m>quis &  has a c\ple ( sons 9 ! ,gu>ds 
& a daught] :o is a pr9cess4  ,! money (
 ! ,am]ican ,le$s1 flee+ f ! social     
futility (  its l& ( orig91 helps bol/] 
up a mis*iev\s mon>*y 9 ,greece4  ,!    
functional & private life ( ! new m5 are
 ?us at w> ) "o  ano!r4 ,! real int]e/s 
( ! great indu/riali/ or f9anci] lie  9 
cosmopolitan organisation & ! mat]ial   
developm5t ( ! _w  commonweal1 b 8      
wom5folk p9 flags all ov] him & 8 sons  
are  prep>$ to sacrifice !mselves & all 
8 bus9ess creations1 =  ! sake ( trite  
spl5d\rs & ,ruritanian romance4    ,b j 
s f> z ! great bus9ess organis] is      

capable &  creative1 s f> is he likely  
to realise & res5t ! price 9  fru/ration
 t ! old ord] obliges him to pay =      
amusem5t1 social  int]e/ & dome/ic peace
 & com=t4 ,! ,op5 ,conspiracy ?reat5s   
him ) no effacem5t2 x may ev5 appe> ) an
 air ( release4 ,if  he _h wom5 :o 7    
int]e/$ 9 8 bus9ess affairs in/ead (    
wom5 :o _h to be amus$1 & if he realis$ 
9 "t ! practical1  intellectual & moral 
kidnapp+ ( 8 sons & daught]s by ! old   
ord] t goes on1 he might pass q easily f
 acquiesc5ce to  antagonism4 ,b 9 ?is   
respect he _c act s+le-h&$4 ,?is is  a  
social & n an individual op]ation4 ,!   
,op5 ,conspiracy1 x is  cle>1 mu/       
include 9 its activities a great fight =
 ! s\ls (  economically functional p4 ,x
 mu/ c>ve out a ,society ( its own  f   
,society4 ,only by ! creation ( a new & 
bett] social life c  x resi/ ! _m       
advantages & attractions ( ! old4       
,?is con/ant gravitation back to        
traditional uses on ! "p (  :at might   
become new social types applies n m]ely 

to big p  b to su* small p z are really 
functional 9 ! mod]n  economic s*eme4   
,!y h no social life adapt$ to _! new   
economic relation%ips1 & !y are =c$ back
 ^u ! me?ods (  behavi\r e/abli%$ = :at 
7 r\ghly _! analogues 9 !  old ord] (   
?+s4 ,! v>i\s sorts ( manag]s & =em5 9  
big  mod]n conc]ns1 = example1 c>ry on  
ways ( liv+ !y h tak5  ready made f !   
/ew>ds1 tradesm51 t5antry & upp] s]vants
  ( an ari/ocratic t]ritorial sy/em4 ,!y
 release !mselves &  are releas$ almo/ 9
 spite ( !mselves1 sl[ly1 g5]ation by   
g5]ation1 f habits ( social subs]vi5ce t
 are no long]  necess>y nor conv5i5t 9 !
 social process1 acquire an (ficial     
pride 9 !mselves & take on new          
conceptions ( responsible  loyalty to a 
s*eme4 ,& !y f9d !mselves "u sugge/ions 
(  class alo(ness & sup]iority to !     
g5]al mass ( less c>d9al  work]s1 t are 
(t5 unju/ifiable "u new conditions4     
,ma*9]y  & sci5tific organisation h be5 
& /ill are revolutionis+  productive    
activity by ! progressive elim9ation ( !

 unskill$  work]1 ! hack1 ! m]e toil]4  
,b ! social organisation ( !  mod]n     
community & ! mutual deportm5t ( !      
associat$ work]s  left ov] aft] ?is     
elim9ation are /ill haunt$ by !         
tradition (  ! "l1 ! middle class t5ant 
& ! s]vile h9d4 ,! developm5t  (        
self-respect & mutual respect among !   
mass ( mod]n functional  work]s is      
cle>ly an intimate conc]n ( ! ,op5      
,conspiracy4    ,a va/ am\nt ( moral =ce
 has be5 wa/$ 9 ! pa/ hundr$  ye>s by ! 
antagonism ( 8,lab\r0 to 8,capital10 z  
?\gh ?is 0  ! prim>y issue 9 human      
affairs4 ,b ?is nev] 0 ! prim>y  issue &
 x is /eadily rec$+ f its =m]           
importance4 ,!  anci5t civilisations did
 actually re/ ^u a broad basis ( slav]y 
& s]fdom4 ,human muscle 0 a ma9 s\rce ( 
en]gy--rank+ )  sun1 ra9 & flood4 ,b    
inv5tion & discov]y h s *ang$ !         
conditions "u :i* p[] is direct$ &      
utilis$ t muscle  becomes economically  
second>y & iness5tial4 ,we no long] want
  hew]s ( wood & draw]s ( wat]1 c>ri]s &

 pick & spade m54  ,we no long] want t  
bre$+ sw>m ( hefty sweaty bodies )\t    
:i* ! =m] civilisations c\ld n h endur$4
 ,we want wat*ful  & und]/&+ gu>dians & 
driv]s ( complex delicate ma*9es1  :i* c
 be mi%&l$ & brutalis$ & spoil$ all too 
easily4  ,! less dispos$ ^! ma/]s ( our 
ma*9es are to inord9ate  multiplication1
 ! m room & food 9 ! _w = _! ampl]      
lives4 ,ev5 to ! l[e/ level ( a fully   
me*anicalis$ civilisation  x is requir$ 
t ! human elem5t %\ld be select4 ,9 !   
mod]n _w1 cr[ds are a survival & !y w   
pres5tly be an  ana*ronism1 & cr[d      
psy*ology !re=e _c supply ! basis (  a  
new ord]4    ,x is j because lab\r is   
becom+ m intellig5t1 responsible &      
individually effici5t t x is becom+ m   
audible & impati5t  9 social affairs4 ,x
 is j because x is no long] m]e gang    
lab\r  & becom+ m & m intellig5t        
co-op]ation 9 detail1 t  x n[ res5ts be+
 treat$ z a s]f1 h\s$ l a s]f1 f$ l  a  
s]f & h]d$ l a s]f & its pride & ?\ghts 
& feel+s  disreg>d$4 ,lab\r is 9 revolt 

because z a matt] ( fact x is1 9  !     
anci5t & exact s5se ( ! ^w1 ceas+ to be 
lab\r at all4    ,! m progressive       
elem5ts ( ! directive classes recognise 
?is1  b z we h %[n1 !re are =midable    
=ces /ill t5d+ to  ma9ta9 ! old social  
attitudes :5 arrogance became ! rul] &  
! common man accept$ 8 s]vile /atus4 ,a 
cont9ual resi/ance  is (f]$ by l>ge     
sections ( ! prosp]\s & advantag$ to !  
l>g] claims ( ! mod]nis$ work]1 & 9     
response ! ris+ &  diff]5tiat+ work]s   
develop an angry antagonism to ^!       
directive  classes :i* all[ !mselves to 
be controll$ by _! cons]vative  &       
reaction>y elem5ts4 ,moreov]1 ! increas+
 relative  intellig5ce ( ! lab\r masses1
 ! unprec$5t$ imag9ative  /imulation !y 
exp]i5ce1 ! cont9ually m widespread     
realisation ( ! available fre$oms &     
com=ts & indulg5ces  t might be & are n 
%>$ by all 9 a mod]n /ate1 develop a    
recalcitrance :]e once !re 0 little b   
fatali/ic acquiesc5ce4  ,an objection to
 direction & obligation1 always mutely  

pres5t 9  ! toil+ multitude s9ce !      
economic life ( man began1 becomes      
articulate & active4 ,x is ! ta/e (     
fre$om t makes lab\r  desire to be free4
 ,?is s]ies ( frictions is a q          
inevitable  aspect ( social             
reorganisation b !y d n con/itute a     
prim>y  antagonism 9 ! process4    ,!   
class w> 0 inv5t$ by ! classes2 x is a  
natural tradition  ( ! upp] /rata ( !   
old ord]4 ,x 0 s univ]sally und]/ood  t 
!re 0 no ne$ to /ate x4 ,x is implicit 9
 ne>ly all !  lit]ature ( ! _w be=e ?is 
n9ete5? c5tury--except !  ,bible1 !     
,koran & o!r sequel4 ,! 8class w>0 ( !  
,m>xi/  is m]ely a poor snobbi%         
imitation1 a tu quoque1 a pa!tic1       
/upid1 indignant rev]sal ( & retort to !
 old arrogance1 an  upw>d arrogance4    
,^! conflicts cut across r ?an oppose or
 help ! progressive  developm5t to :i* !
 ,op5 ,conspiracy devotes itself4       
,lab\r1  awak5$1 enquir+ & indignant1 is
 n necess>ily progressive2  if ! ord9>y 
undi/+ui%$ work] is no long] to be driv5

 z  a bea/ ( bur!n1 he has--:i* also    
goes aga9/ ! gra9--to be  educat$ to z  
high a level ( co-op]ative effici5cy z  
possible4  ,he has to "w bett]1 ev5 if  
he works = mu* %ort] h\rs &  "u bett]   
conditions1 & 8 "w mu/ be subord9at$ "w 
/ill2  he _c become en masse sole own] &
 ma/] ( a s*eme  ( ?+s he did n make &  
is incapable ( direct+4 ,yet ?is is  !  
ambition implicit 9 an exclusively      
8,lab\r0 movem5t4 ,ei!r !  ,lab\r       
revolution>y hopes to cadge ! s]vices ( 
exceptional p  )\t ackn[l$gm5t or return
 on s5tim5tal gr\nds or he really       
believes t anyone is z capable z anyone 
else--if n m s4 ,!  work] at a l[ level 
may be flatt]$ by dreams (              
8class-consci\s0  mass dom9ion f :i* all
 s5se ( inf]iority is bani%$1 b !y  w   
rema9 dreams4 ,! deep in/9ctive jeal\sy 
( ! commonplace  individual = out/&+    
quality & novel initiative may be       
organis$ & turn$ to sabotage &          
de/ruction1 masqu]ad+ z &  aspir+ to be 
a new social ord]1 b t w be a bl9d alley

 &  n ! road ( progress4 ,our hope = !  
human future does n lie 9  cr[d         
psy*ology & ! indiscrim9at+ rule (      
univ]sal democracy4    ,! ,op5          
,conspiracy c h little use = m]e        
res5tm5ts z a  driv+ =ce t[>ds its ends2
 x />ts ) a proposal n to  exalt ! lab\r
 class b to aboli% x1 its su/a9+ purpose
 is  to ?r[ drudges out ( employm5t &   
elim9ate ! inept--& x is  f> m likely to
 incur suspicion & di/ru/ 9 ! l[] ranks 
(  ! develop+ indu/rial ord] ( to-day   
?an to w9 support !re4  ,!re1 j z       
ev]y:]e else 9 ! *ang+ social complexes 
( our  "t1 x c appeal only to !         
exceptionally und]/&+ individual  :o c  
)\t p]sonal humiliation consid] 8 pres5t
 activities  & relation%ips z           
provisional & :o c1 )\t tak+ (f5ce1     
endure a se>*+ criticism ( 8 pres5t     
quality & mode ( liv+4          ,*apt]  
,x    ,,! ,,op5 ,,conspiracy ,,& ,,!    
,,resi/ances ,,( ,,! ,,less             
,,indu/rialis$  ,,peoples      ,s f> 9  
our acc\nt+ ( ! p[]s1 in/itutions1      

dispositions1  types & classes to :i* ! 
,op5 ,conspiracy w run c\nt]1 we  h     
survey$ only su* t]ritory 9 ! doma9 ( ! 
future _w  commonweal z is repres5t$ by 
! complex1 progressive1 highly          
indu/rialis$ communities1 bas$ on a     
prec$+ l&lord-soldi]1  t5ant1 t[n-m]*ant
 & tradesman sy/em1 ( ! ,atlantic type4 
,^! communities h develop$ f>!/ 9 !     
direction (  me*anicalisation & !y are s
 mu* m effici5t & p[]ful  t !y n[       
dom9ate ! re/ ( ! _w4 ,india1 ,*9a1     
,russia1  ,africa pres5t mlanges (      
social sy/ems1 ?r[n toge!r1  outpac$1   
ov]/ra9$1 %att]$1 invad$1 exploit$ & m  
or less  subjugat$ by ! f9ance1 ma*9]y &
 political aggressions ( !  ,atlantic1  
,baltic & ,m$it]ranean civilisation4 ,9 
_m ways !y h  an air ( assimilat+       
!mselves to t civilisation1 evolv+ mod]n
  types & classes & ab&on+ mu* ( _!     
di/9ctive traditions4  ,b :at !y take f 
! ,we/ is ma9ly ! new developm5ts1 !    
mat]ial a*ievem5ts1 r ?an social &      
political a*ievem5ts  t1 emp[]$ by mod]n

 inv5tions1 h won _! way to _w          
pr$om9ance4 ,!y may imitate ,european   
nationalism to a c]ta9  ext5t2 = !m x   
becomes a conv5i5t =m ( self-ass]tion   
aga9/ ! pressure ( a realis$ practical1 
social & political  inf]iority2 b !     
degree to :i* !y w or c take ov] !      
social assumptions & habits ( !         
long-e/abli%$ ,european-,am]ican  hi]>*y
 is probably v re/rict$4 ,_! nationalism
 w rema9  l>gely indig5\s2 ! social     
traditions to :i* !y w try to  make !   
new mat]ial =ces subs]vi5t w be         
traditions ( an  ,ori5tal life widely   
diff]5t f ! orig9al life ( ,europe4 ,!y 
w h _! own resi/ances to ! ,op5         
,conspiracy1 !re=e1  b !y w be diff]5t  
resi/ances f ^? we h hi!rto  consid]$4  
,! automobile & ! wireless set1 ! h>ve/]
 &  /eel con/ruction build+1 w come to !
 jungle raja & ! head  hunt]1 ! ,brahm9 
& ! ,indian peasant ) a p>allel & yet   
dissimil> message to ! "o !y br\ght !   
,briti% l&-own] or  ! corn & cattle     
f>m]s ( ! ,arg5t9e & ! ,middle ,we/4    

,also  !y may be expect$ to evoke       
dissimil> reactions4    ,to a numb] ( ! 
f9]1 m en]getic m9ds ( ^! ov]%ad[$      
communities :i* h lagg$ m or less 9 !   
mat]ial advances to  :i* ?is pres5t     
asc5d5cy ( ,we/]n ,europe & ,am]ica is  
due1 !  ,op5 ,conspiracy may come ) an  
effect ( imm5se invitation4 ,at "o  /ep 
!y may g f ! s9k+ vessel ( _! antiquat$ 
ord]1  across _! pres5t conqu]ors into a
 bro!rhood ( _w rul]s4  ,!y may turn to 
! problem ( sav+ & adapt+ all t is ri*  
& di/9ctive ( _! inh]itance to ! common 
ends ( ! race4  ,b to ! less vigor\s    
intellig5ces ( ?is out] _w1 ! new       
project ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy w seem no  
bett] ?an a new =m  ( ,we/]n envelopm5t1
 & !y w fight a mighty lib]ation z  ?\gh
 x 7 a fur!r enslavem5t to ! ,european  
tradition4 ,!y  w wat* ! ,op5           
,conspiracy = any signs ( consci\s      
sup]iority  & racial disreg>d4          
,necess>ily !y w recognise x z a product
  ( ,we/]n m5tality & !y may well be    
tempt$ to reg>d x z an  elaboration &   

organisation ( curr5t dispositions r ?an
 !  evolution ( a new phase :i* w make  
no discrim9ation at lea/  betwe5 !      
effete traditions ( ei!r ,ea/ or ,we/4  
,_! suspicions  w be su/a9$ & develop$  
by ! clumsy & muddle-head$  political & 
economic aggressions ( ! contempor>y    
political &  bus9ess sy/ems1 su* z !y   
are1 ( ! ,we/1 n[ 9 progress4  ,beh9d t 
cl\d ( aggression ,we/]n ?\ght has      
necess>ily  advanc$ ^u !m2 x c\ld h got 
to _! att5tion 9 no o!r  way4    ,p>tly 
^! resi/ances & criticisms ( ! decad5t  
communities  outside ! ,atlantic        
capitali/ sy/ems w be aim$1 n at !      
develop+ me?ods ( ! com+ _w community1 b
 at ! ,european  traditions &           
re/rictions t h impos$ !mselves ^u ^!   
me?ods1 & s f> ! cla% ( ! ,ea/ & ,we/   
may be f\nd to  subs]ve ! aims ( ! ,op5 
,conspiracy4 ,9 ! conflict ( old        
traditions & 9 ! consequ5t deadlocks    
lies mu* hope = !  direct acceptance ( !
 gr\ps ( ideas c5tr+ ^u ! ,op5          
,conspiracy4 ,"o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ areas (

 humanity 9 ?is  respect is ! great     
sy/em ( communities "u ! sway or        
influ5ce  ( ,soviet ,russia4 ,russia has
 nev] be5 completely incorporat$ )  !   
,european sy/em2 %e became a j passable 
imitation ( a we/]n  ,european mon>*y 9 
! sev5te5? & eighte5? c5turies &  talk$ 
at la/ ( con/itutions & p>liam5ts--b !  
reality (  t va/ empire rema9$ an       
,asiatic despotism & ! ,european mask  0
 altoge!r sma%$ by ! successive         
revolutions ( #aiag4 ,!  ensu+ sy/em is 
a gov]nm5t presid+ ov] an enorm\s ext5t 
(  peasants & h]dsm51 by a discipl9$    
association pr(ess+ !  fai? & dogmas (  
,m>x1 z int]pret$ & qualifi$ by ,l594   
,9 _m ways ?is gov]nm5t is a novelty (  
extraord9>y int]e/4  ,9 ! fact t x is a 
propag&i/ association becom+ a          
commonweal1 x is manife/ly ! inspiration
 & precursor ( ! ,op5  ,conspiracy4 ,x  
lab\rs aga9/ enorm\s difficulties )9    
itself  & )\t4 ,flung amaz+ly into a    
position ( trem5d\s p[]1  its           
intellectual flexibility is greatly     

re/rict$ by ! urg5t  militant necessity 
= m5tal unanimity & a consequ5t         
repression  ( criticism4 ,x f9ds itself 
sep>at$1 intellectually & morally1  by  
an enorm\s gap1 f ! illit]ate millions  
ov] :i* x rules4  ,m op5 p]haps to      
sci5tific & creative conceptions ?an any
 o!r  gov]nm5t1 & c]ta9ly m will+ to    
exp]im5t & innovate1  its ent]prise is  
/>v$ by ! economic depletion ( ! c\ntry 
9  ! ,great ,w> & by ! te*nical &       
indu/rial backw>dness ( !  population ^u
 :i* x mu/ draw = its p]sonnel4         
,moreov]1 x  /ruggles )9 itself betwe5  
concepts ( a mod]n sci5tific social     
organisation & a vague an>*i/ic dream 9 
:i* ! 8,/ate0 is to  disappe> & an      
emancipat$ prolet>iat1 bre$+ &          
expectorat+  freely1 fills ! vi/as ( "t 
= ev]more4 ,! tradition ( heavy  ye>s ( 
hopeless opposition h ta9t$ ! _w policy 
( !  ,m>xi/ cult ) a mis*iev\s &        
irritat+ quality t focuses  ^u x !      
animosity ( e o!r gov]nm5t 9 ! dom9ant  
,atlantic sy/em4 ,nev]!less x has       

ma9ta9$ itself = m ?an  t5 ye>s & x     
seems f> m likely to evolve ?an to p]i%4
 ,x  is q possible t x w evolve t[>ds ! 
conceptions ( !  ,op5 ,conspiracy1 & 9 t
 case ,russia may witness once aga9 a   
conflict betwe5 new ideas & ,old        
,believ]s4 ,s f> ! ,communi/  ,p>ty 9   
,mosc[ has ma9ta9$ a consid]able        
propag&a ( ideas 9  ! re/ ( ! _w &      
especially across its we/]n fronti]4 ,_m
  ( ^! ideas are trite & /ale4 ,! "t may
 be n f> di/ant  :5 ! tide ( propag&a w 
fl[ 9 ! rev]se direction4 ,x has  pleas$
 ! vanity ( ! ,communi/ ,p>ty to imag9e 
itself conduct+  a propag&a ( _w        
revolution4 ,its fate may be to develop 
^u  l9es t w make its m intellig5t      
elem5ts easily assimilable  to ! ,op5   
,conspiracy = a _w revolution4 ,! ,op5  
,conspiracy z  x spreads & gr[s may f9d 
a less encumb]$ field = try+ out  !     
economic developm5ts implicit 9 its     
conceptions 9 ,russia &  ,sib]ia1 ?an   
any:]e else 9 ! _w4    ,h[ev] sev]ely ! 
guid+ !mes & practical me?ods ( !       

pres5t ,soviet ,gov]nm5t 9 ,russia may  
be criticis$1 ! fact rema9s  t x has    
cle>$ out ( its way _m ( ! ma9          
ob/ructive  elem5ts t we f9d /ill       
vigor\s 9 ! m highly organis$           
communities 9 ! we/4 ,x has lib]at$ va/ 
areas f ! k9dr$  sup]/itions ( mon>*y & 
! ne$ = a private propriet>y  control ( 
great economic int]e/s4 ,& x has pres5t$
 ! ,ori5tal  ,*9a & ,india ) ! excit+   
spectacle ( a social & political  sy/em 
capable ( ?r[+ (f _m ( ! mo/ *>act]i/ic 
features ( triumphant ,we/]nism1 & yet  
hold+ its own4 ,9 !  days :5 ,japan fac$
 up to mod]n necessities1 !re 7 no      
models  = imitation t 7 n communities ( 
! ,atlantic type p]vad$  by ! me?ods (  
private capitalism1 & 9 consequ5ce !    
,japanese  recon/itut$ _! affairs on a  
di/9ctly ,european plan1 adopt+ a       
,p>liam5t & br++ _! mon>*y1 social      
hi]>*y & bus9ess  & f9ancial me?ods into
 a g5]al con=mity ) t model4 ,x  is     
extremely d\btful :e!r any o!r ,asiatic 
community w n[  set itself to a p>allel 

imitation1 & x w be ?anks l>gely to  !  
,russian revolution t ?is breakaway f   
,europeanisation has  occurr$4    ,b x  
does n foll[ t su* a breakaway w        
necess>ily lead  m directly to ! ,op5   
,conspiracy4 ,if we h to face a less    
highly  organis$ sy/em ( int]e/s &      
prejudices 9 ,russia & ,*9a1 we  h to   
deal ) a va/ly wid] ignorance & a va/ly 
m =midable  animalism4 ,russia is a l& (
 t5s ( millions ( peasants rul$ ov]  by 
a little b& ( ! intellig5tsia :o c be   
c\nt$ only by t5s  ( ?\s&s4 ,x is only  
^! few score ?\s&s :o are accessible  to
 ideas ( _w con/ruction1 & ! only hope (
 br++ !  ,russian sy/em into active     
p>ticipation 9 ! _w conspiracy is  ?r\gh
 t small m9ority & ?r\gh its educational
 rep]cussion  on ! myriads bel[4 ,z we g
 ea/w>d f ,european ,russia !           
proportion ( s\ndly prep>$ intellig5ce  
to :i* we c appeal =  und]/&+ &         
p>ticipation dim9i%es to an ev5 m       
dismay+  fraction4 ,elim9ate t fraction 
& "o is left face to face )  in*oate    

b>b>ism incapable ( social & political  
organisation  above ! level ( ! w> boss 
& ! brig& lead]4 ,russia itself  is /ill
 by no means secure aga9/ a deg5]ative  
process 9 t  direction1 & ! hope ( ,*9a 
/ruggl+ out ( x )\t "s  =cible directive
 int]v5tions is a hope to :i*           
con/ructive  lib]alism cl+s ) v little  
assurance4    ,we turn back !re=e f     
,russia1 ,*9a & ! communities (  ,c5tral
 ,asia to ! ,atlantic _w4 ,x is 9 t _w  
alone t  suffici5t range & amplitude (  
?\ght & discussion is possible  = !     
adequate developm5t ( ! ,op5            
,conspiracy4 ,9 ^!  communities x mu/   
beg9 & = a long "t its ma9 activities w 
ne$ to be su/a9$ f ^! necess>y c5tres ( 
diffusion4 ,x  w develop amid/ incessant
 m5tal /rife & ?r\gh t /rife x  w rema9 
alive4 ,x is no small "p ( ! practical  
weakness (  pres5t day communism t x    
attempts to c5tre its intellectual life 
& its directive activities 9 ,mosc[ & s 
cuts itself (f f  ! free & op5          
discussions ( ! ,we/]n _w4 ,m>xism lo/ !

  _w :5 x w5t to ,mosc[ & took ov] !    
traditions ( ,tz>ism1  z ,*ri/ianity lo/
 ! _w :5 x w5t to ,rome & took ov] !    
traditions ( ,cs>4 ,entr5*$ 9 ,mosc[ f  
se>*+ criticism1 !  ,m>xi/ ideology may 
become m & m dogmatic & unprogressive1  
repeat+ its sacr$ cr$o & issu+ its      
disreg>d$ ord]s to  ! prolet>iat ( ! _w1
 & s /ay ineffectively cry/allis$  until
 ! ris+ tide ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy       
subm]ges1 dissolves x  afre% &          
incorporates :atev] x f9ds assimilable4 
,india l ,japan is cut (f f ! ma9 body (
 ,asiatic affairs4  ,b :ile ,japan has  
become a =mally ,we/]nis$ nationality 9 
!  comity ( su* nations1 ,india rema9s a
 _w 9 itself4 ,9 t "o  p59sula ne>ly e  
type ( community is to be f\nd1 f !     
tribe ( jungle savages ?r\gh a great    
div]sity ( b>b>ic &  m$ival             
pr9cipalities to ! *ild & wom5 sweat+   
factories &  ! vigor\s mod]n            
comm]cialism ( ,bombay4 ,ov] x all !    
,briti%  imp]ialism prevails1 a con/ra9+
 & re/ra9+ influ5ce1 keep+  ! peace1    

*eck+ epidemics1 increas+ ! food supply 
by irrigation  & ! l 7s t population    
increases horribly71 & mak+ little  or  
no ef=t to evoke responses to mod]n     
ideas4 ,brita9 9 ,india is  no propag&i/
 ( mod]n f]m5ts3 all ^? are left ! o!r  
side  ( ,suez4 ,9 ,india ! ,briton is a 
rul] z firm & self-assur$ &  uncreative 
z ! ,roman4 ,! old religi\s & social    
traditions1 !  complex cu/oms1 ca/es1   
tabus & exclusions ( a /rangely mix$ b  
unamalgamat$ community1 ?\gh a little   
discr$it$ by ?is =eign  pr$om9ance1 /ill
 hold m5's m9ds4 ,!y h be51 s to speak1 
pickl$ 9 ! pres]vative ( ! ,briti% raj4 
,! ,op5 ,conspiracy has to invade !     
,indian complex 9 conflict  ) !         
prejudices ( bo? rul] & gov]n$4 ,x has  
to hope =  individual brea*es 9 ! dull  
,romanism ( ! adm9i/ration2 "h a  g5u9e 
educationi/1 "h a creative civil s]vant1
 "h an (ficial  t\*$ by ! di/ant /ir ( !
 liv+ homel&--& x has to try  to br+ ^! 
types into a corporat$ relation%ip ) a  
f9e native  s*ol> "h or an active-m9d$  

pr9ce or l&-own] or indu/riali/  !re4 ,z
 ! old me?ods ( pass5g] transport are   
sup]s$$ by  fly+1 x w be m & m difficult
 to keep ! /ir ( !  liv+ homel& out (   
ei!r ! consci\sness ( ! (ficial  hi]>*y 
or ! k ( ! recalcitrant 8native40    ,v 
simil> to ,indian conditions is ! /ate (
 affairs 9 !  =eign possessions (       
,france1 ! same adm9i/rative ob/acles to
  ! ,op5 ,conspiracy above1 & bel[ !    
same res5tful subord9ation1  cut (f f ! 
m5tal invigoration ( responsibility4 ,)9
 ^!  areas ( re/ra9t1 ,india & its      
less]1 simpl] p>allels 9 ,nor?  ,africa1
 ,syria & ! ,f> ,ea/1 !re goes on a     
rapid increase (  l[-grade population1  
und]siz$ physically & m5tally1 & ret>d+ 
! me*anical developm5t ( civilisation by
 its /&+ (f] (  *eap lab\r to !         
unscrupul\s entrepr5eur1 & possible     
feeble  insurrection>y mat]ial to !     
unscrupul\s political adv5tur]4  ,x is  
impossible to e/imate h[ sl[ly or h[    
rapidly ! k  & ideas t h *eck$ ! rate ( 
increase ( all ! ,atlantic  populations 

may be diffus$ ?r\gh ^! less al]t       
communities4    ,we mu/ complete our    
survey ( ! resi/ances aga9/ :i* ! ,op5  
,conspiracy has to "w by a few words    
ab\t ! negro _w & !  regions ( =e/ &    
jungle 9 :i* b>b>ic & ev5 savage human  
life /ill escapes ! infection (         
civilisation4 ,x seems inevitable  t !  
developm5t ( mod]n means ( communication
 & ! conque/  ( tropical diseases %\ld  
end 9 giv+ access ev]y:]e to  mod]n     
adm9i/ration & to economic me?ods1 &    
ev]y:]e !  incorporation ( ! =m]        
wild]ness 9 ! mod]n economic process    
means ! de/ruction ( ! mat]ial basis1 ! 
free hunt+1 ! free  access to ! soil1 ( 
su* b>b>ic & savage communities z /ill  
prec>i\sly survive4 ,! dusky peoples1 :o
 7 =m]ly ! lords  ( ^! /ill imp]fectly  
assimilat$ areas1 are becom+ exploit$   
work]s1 slaves1 s]fs1 hut-tax pay]s or  
lab\r]s to a ca/e ( :ite  immigrants4 ,!
 _s ( ! plantation broods ov] all ^!    
l&s4  ,! negro 9 ,am]ica diff]s only f 8
 subjugat$ bro!r 9 ,s\?  ,africa or     

,k5ya ,colony 9 ! fact t he also1 l 8   
:ite ma/]1  is an immigrant4 ,!         
situation 9 ,africa & ,am]ica adju/s    
itself  !re=e t[>ds p>allel conditions1 
! *ief v>iation be+ 9 !  relative       
proportions ( ! two races & ! details ( 
! me?ods by  :i* black lab\r is made to 
s]ve :ite ends4    ,9 ^! black & :ite   
communities :i* are e/abli%+ !mselves  9
 all ^? p>ts ( ! e>? :]e once ! black 0 
native1 or 9  :i* a sub-tropical climate
 is fav\rable to 8 exi/5ce at a l[      
level ( social developm5t1 !re is--& !re
 is b\nd to be =  _m ye>s to come--mu*  
racial t5sion4 ,! /eady advance ( bir?  
control may mitigate ! biological       
factors ( ?is t5sion lat] on1  & a g5]al
 amelioration ( mann]s & conduct may    
efface t  disposition to p]secute       
dissimil> types1 :i* man %>es ) _m  o!r 
greg>i\s animals4 ,b mean:ile ?is t5sion
 increases & a  va/ multitude ( lives is
 /ra9$ to tragic issues4    ,to         
exagg]ate ! dang]s & evils (            
misceg5ation is a weakness  ( our "t4   

,man int]bre$s ) all 8 v>ieties & yet   
deludes  himself t !re are races (      
out/&+ purity1 ! 8,nordic10  !          
8,semitic0 & s =?4 ,^! are phantoms ( ! 
imag9ation4  ,! reality is m intricate1 
less dramatic & grips less easily  ^u ! 
m9d2 ! phantoms grip only too well &    
incite to t]rible  suppressions4 ,*anges
 9 ! numb] ( half-bre$s & 9 !           
proportion ( :ite & col\r$ are *anges ( 
a tempor>y nature  t _m become          
controllable & rectifiable 9 a few      
g5]ations4  ,b until ?is level (        
civilisation is rea*$1 until ! col\r (  
a man's sk9 or ! k9ks 9 a woman's hair  
cease to h ! value  ( ,%ibbole?s t      
involve educational1 pr(essional &      
social  ext9ction or survival1 a black &
 :ite community is b\nd to be           
cont9ually preoccupi$ by a /&+ feud too 
intimate & p]vasive  to p]mit ( any long
 views ( ! _w's de/9y4    ,we come to ! 
conclusion !re=e t x is f ! m vigor\s1  
v>i$ & less sev]ely obsess$ c5tres ( !  
,atlantic civilisations  9 ! temp]ate   

zone1 ) _! abundant facilities =        
publication  & discussion1 _! traditions
 ( m5tal lib]ty & _! imm5se  v>iety (   
int]act+ free mod]n types1 t ! ma9      
beg9n+s  ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy mu/       
develop4 ,= ! re/ ( ! _w1 its  propag&a1
 f9d+ b poor n\ri%m5t 9 ! local         
conditions1 may  reta9 a mission>y      
quality = _m ye>s4          ,*apt] ,,xi 
,,resi/ances ,,& ,,antagoni/ic ,,=ces   
,,9 ,,ourselves      ,we h dealt 9 !    
prec$+ two *apt]s ) great classes &     
assemblages ( human be+s z1 9 ! mass1   
likely to be m or less  antagoni/ic to !
 ,op5 ,conspiracy1 & x has be5 difficult
 9 ^?  *apt]s to avoid ! implication t  
8we10 "s sort ( circle r\nd  ! writ]1 7 
alo( f ^! ob/ructive & ho/ile           
multitudes1  & ourselves entirely       
id5tifi$ ) ! ,op5 ,conspiracy4 ,b nei!r 
are ^! multitudes s def9itely aga9/1 nor
 ^? :o are ) u  s entirely =1 ! ,op5    
,conspiracy to e/abli% a _w community z 
! writ] 9 8 desire = cle>ness & contra/ 
& ) an all too  human disposition p]haps

 t[>ds pla9 ego-c5tr$ combative issues1 
has be5 l$ to repres5t4 ,!re is no 8we0 
& !re c be no 8we0 9  possession ( !    
,op5 ,conspiracy4    ,! ,op5 ,conspiracy
 is 9 p>tial possession ( u & we attempt
  to s]ve x4 ,b ! ,op5 ,conspiracy is a 
natural & necess>y  developm5t (        
contempor>y ?\ght aris+ "h & !re &      
ev]y:]e4 ,!re are d\bts & sympa?ies t   
weigh on ! side (  ! ,op5 ,conspiracy 9 
ne>ly ev]yone1 & n "o ( u b reta9s  _m  
impulses1 habits & ideas 9 conflict )   
our g5]al devotion1  *eck+ & limit+ our 
s]vice4    ,let u !re=e 9 ?is *apt]     
cease to discuss classes & types &      
consid] g5]al m5tal t5d5cies & reactions
 :i* move ?r\gh all  humanity4    ,9 our
 op5+ *apt]s we po9t$ out t religion is 
n univ]sally  di/ribut$ ?r\gh\t human   
society4 ,& ( no "o does x seem to  h   
complete possession4 ,x seizes ^u "s ( u
 & exalts u  = "o h\r n[ & !n1 = a day  
n[ & !n2 x may leave its  aft]gl[ ^u our
 conduct = "s "t2 x may e/abli% re/ra9ts
  & habitual dispositions2 sometimes x  

dom9ates u ) b brief  int]missions ?r\gh
 long spells & !n we c be sa9ts &       
m>tyrs4 ,9 all our religi\s phases !re  
appe>s a desire to  hold ! phase1 to    
subdue ! re/ ( our life to ! /&>ds &    
exig5cies ( t phase4 ,our quick5$       
intellig5ce sets itself to  a g5]al     
analysis ( our conduct & to ! problem ( 
e/abli%+  controls ov] our unillum9at$  
int]vals4    ,& :5 ! religi\s elem5ts 9 
! m9d set !mselves to su*  self-analysis
 & attempts to ord] & unify ! :ole be+  
^u  ?is basis ( ! s]vice & advancem5t ( 
! race1 !y discov]  fir/ a great s]ies (
 indiff]5t moods1 :]e9 ! resi/ance to   
?\ght & "w = ! ,op5 ,conspiracy is m]ely
 passive & 9 !  nature ( in]tia4 ,!re is
 a :ole class ( /ates ( m9d :i* may  be 
br\ght toge!r "u ! head ( 8ev]ydayism40 
,! d9n]-bell  & ! play+-fields1 ! c9ema 
& ! newspap]1 ! week-end  visit & !     
factory sir51 a ho/ ( su* expectant     
univ]sal ?+s1  call to a va/ majority ( 
p 9 our mod]n _w to /op ?9k+  & get busy
 ) ! int]e/ 9 h&1 & s on to ! next1 )\t 

a ?\ght = ! g5]al frame & drama 9 :i* ^!
 mom5t>y  & p]sonal incid5ts are set4   
,we are driv5 along ^! m>k$ &  e/abli%$ 
r\tes & turn$ ?is way or t by ! accid5ts
 (  upbr++1 ( rivalries & loves1 ( *ance
 enc\nt]s & vivid  exp]i5ces1 & x is r>e
 = _m ( u1 & nev] = "s1 t  ! phases (   
broad reflection & self-que/ion+ arise4 
,= _m  p ! religi\s life n[1 z 9 ! pa/1 
has be5 a q  desp]ate ef=t to )draw     
suffici5t att5tion & en]gy f !  flood ( 
ev5ts to get "s sort ( grasp1 & keep    
:atev] grip is  won1 ^u ! relations ( ! 
self to ! :ole4 ,f> m recoil 9  t]ror f 
su* a possibility & w\ld /ruggle        
/r5u\sly aga9/  solitude 9 ! des]t1     
solitude "u ! />s1 solitude 9 a sil5t   
room or inde$ any occasion =            
compreh5sive ?\ght4    ,b ! in/9ct &    
purpose ( ! religi\s type is to keep    
hold  ^u ! compreh5sive drama1 & at !   
he>t ( all ! great  religions ( ! _w we 
f9d a p>allel disposition to escape 9   
"s mann] f ! aimless drive & compulsion 
( accid5t &  ev]yday4 ,escape is        

attempt$ ei!r by )drawal f ! pres5ce  ( 
cr[d+ circum/ance into a my/ical        
contemplation & au/]e  retirem5t1       
or--:at is m difficult & desp]ate &     
reasonable--by  impos+ ! mighty /&>ds ( 
endur+ issues ^u ! :ole mass  (         
transitory problems :i* con/itute !     
actual bus9ess ( life4  ,we h already   
not$ h[ ! mod]n m9d turns f retreat z a 
recognisable me?od ( religion1 & faces  
squ>ely up to ! second  alt]native4 ,!  
tumult ( life has to be met & conqu]$4  
,aim mu/  prevail ov] ! aimless4 ,rema9+
 9 normal life we mu/ yet keep  our     
wills & ?\ghts alo( f normal life & fix$
 ^u creative  processes4 ,h[ev] busi$ we
 may be1 h[ev] *all5g$1 we mu/ yet  save
 some?+ ( our be/ m5tal activity =      
self-exam9ation &  keep ourselves al]t  
aga9/ ! endless trea*]ies )9 t w\ld     
trip u back into ev]ydayism &           
disconnect$ responses to ! /imuli  (    
life4    ,religions 9 ! pa/1 ?\gh !y h  
be5 apt to give a pref]5ce  to !        
r5unciation ( ?+s mundane1 h s\ght by a 

consid]able  v>iety ( exp$i5ts to       
pres]ve ! fai? ( ^? :om *ance or  duty  
/ill kept 9 normal contact ) ! _w4      
,mod]n religion1  :i* has no alt]native 
to con/ant normal contact ) ! _w1  _c   
lightly =go ! exp]im5ts ( ! old         
religions 9 su*  exp$i5ts4 ,meet+s =    
mutual reassurance1 confession & pray]1 
self-d$ication1 sacram5ts & seasons (   
fa/ & m$itation ne$  to be mod]nis$ or  
replac$ by mod]n equival5ts if !        
religi\s  vitality ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy 
is to be su/a9$4 ,at pres5t1  except 9 !
 case ( a few fri5ds & lov]s1 ! mod]n   
religi\s  individual leads a life (     
extreme1 wa/eful & dang]\s spiritual    
isolation4 ,he may =get & he has no?+ to
 rem9d him2 he may  relapse & he w he>  
no reproa* to w>n him ( 8 relapse4      
8,ev]yday0 has _m ways ( ju/ify+ !      
return ( ! believ]  to its sceptical    
casualness4 ,x is easy to p]suade       
oneself t  "o is tak+ life or oneself   
8too s]i\sly40 ,! m9d is v              
self-protective2 x has a disposition to 

ab&on too great or too  f>-rea*+ an ef=t
 & return to ?+s indisputably )9 its    
scope4 ,we h an in/9ctive pref]5ce =    
?9k+ ?+s are  8all "r02 we economise    
anxiety2 we def5d ! delusions t we  c "w
 )1 ev5 ?\gh we half realise !y are no m
 ?an  delusions4 ,we res5t ! w>n+ voice1
 ! critical "q t  robs our activities ( 
assurance4 ,our ev]yday moods are n only
  ! antagoni/s ( our religi\s moods1 b  
!y res5t all outw>d  appeals to our     
religi\s moods & !y welcome e help aga9/
  religi\s appeals4 ,we pass v readily f
 ! m]ely def5sive to  !                 
def5sive-aggressive1 & f refus+ to he> !
 ^w t might  /ir our consci5ces to a    
vigor\s ef=t to suppress its utt]ance4  
,*ur*es1 religi\s organisations1 try to 
keep ! revivify+ phase  & usage1 :]e x  
may /rike ^u ! wan+ or slumb]+ fai?  ( !
 conv]t1 b mod]n religion z yet has no  
su* organis$  rem9d]s4 ,!y _c be        
improvis$4 ,crude attempts to supply !  
ne$$ corrective ( conduct may d less    
good ?an h>m4 ,ea* "o (  u = himself mu/

 d :at he c to keep 8 high resolve 9 m9d
  & protect himself f ! sn>e ( 8 own    
moods ( fatigue or  inadv]t5cy4    ,b ^!
 passive & active def5ces ( curr5t ?+s  
:i* op]ate  9 & ?r\gh ourselves1 & f9d  
su* ready sympa?y & assi/ance  9 ! _w   
ab\t u1 ^! massive resi/ance sy/ems1 are
 only !  beg9n+ ( our tale ( ! =ces     
antagoni/ic to ! ,op5 ,conspiracy  t    
lurk 9 our complexities4    ,m5 are     
creatures ) o!r faults q beyond &       
outside our common  disposition to be   
/upid1 indol5t1 habitual & def5sive4 ,n 
only  h we active creative impulses b   
also acute de/ructive ones4  ,man is a  
jeal\s animal4 ,9 our y\? & adolesc5ce  
our egotism is  extravagant4 ,a great   
numb] ( u at t /age w\ld r n see  a     
beautiful or wond]ful ?+ come into      
exi/5ce ?an h x come  into exi/5ce      
disreg>d+ u4 ,some?+ ( t jeal\s malice1 
self-ass]tive ru?lessness1 !re is 9 all 
( u4 ,at 8 wor/ man  c be an exce$+ly   
combative1 malignant1 mis*iev\s & cruel 
animal4 ,& few ( u--none ( u--are       

altoge!r above ! possibility  ( su*     
phases4 ,:5 we consid] ! oppositions to 
! ,op5 ,conspiracy  t op]ate 9 ! normal 
p]sonality1 we appreciate ! s\ndness (  
! cate*ism :i* in/ructs u to r5\nce n   
only ! trivial _w  & ! heavy fle%1 b !  
active & militant devil4    ,to make is 
a long & we>isome bus9ess1 ) _m arre/s &
  disappo9tm5ts1 b to break gives an    
in/ant ?rill4 ,we all "k  some?+ ( !    
delight ( ! bang4 ,x is well = ! ,op5   
,conspirator to ask himself at times h[ 
f> he is 9 love ) !  dream ( a _w 9     
ord]1 & h[ f> he is driv5 by hatr$ (    
in/itutions t bore or humiliate him4 ,he
 may be no m ?an a  rev5geful inc5di>y 9
 ! mask ( a con/ructive work]4 ,h[ safe 
is he !n f ! reaction to "s fre%        
humiliation8 ,! ,op5  ,conspiracy :i* is
 n[ 8 refuge & v9dication may pres5tly  
fail to give him ! comp5sation he has   
s\ght1 may (f] him no  bett] ?an a m9or 
rle1 may display irritat+ &             
incompreh5sible  pref]5ces4 ,& = a great
 numb] ( ?+s 9 ov]t antagonism to  !    

great aim ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy1 he w    
/ill f9d )9 himself  n simply           
acquiesc5ce b sympa?y & a g5u9e if      
inconsi/5t  admiration4 ,!re !y are1    
wait+ = 8 phase ( disappo9tm5t4  ,back  
he may g to ! old loves ) a new animus  
aga9/ ! great]  s*eme4    ,man has      
pranc$ a soldi] 9 reality & fancy = s _m
 g5]ations  t few ( u c altoge!r release
 ourselves f ! brilliant  pret5sions (  
flags1 empire1 patriotism & aggression4 
,bus9ess m51  especially 9 ,am]ica1 seem
 to feel a sort ( glory 9 call+ ev5  !  
und]sell+ & ov]adv]tis+ ( rival         
ent]prises 8fight+40  ,pill v5dors &    
public dep>tm5ts c h _! 8w>s10 _!       
h]oisms1 _! desp]ate mis*iefs1 & s get !
 ,napoleonic feel+4  ,! _w & our        
imag9ations are full ( ! s5tim5talities1
 !  false glories & loyalties ( su*     
refurbi%+ ( ! old combative  traditions1
 trail+ aft] !m1 z !y d1 s mu* wor? &   
virtue  9 a dull$ & /upefi$ condition4  
,x is difficult to resi/ ! f9e  gravity1
 ! high self-respect1 examples ( hon\r &

 good /yle 9  small ?+s1 ( ! milit>y &  
naval s]vices1 = all t !y are  n[ no m  
?an noxi\s p>asites ^u ! nasc5t _w      
commonweal4  ,9 ,france n a ^w may be   
said aga9/ ! army2 9 ,engl&1 aga9/  !   
navy4 ,!re w be _m ,op5 ,conspirators at
 fir/ :o w  sc>cely d>e to say t ^w ev5 
to !mselves4    ,b all ^! obsolete      
values & attitudes ) :i* our m9ds are   
cumb]$ mu/ be cle>$ out if ! new fai? is
 to h free play4 ,we  h to cle> !m out n
 only f our own m9ds b f ! m9ds  ( o!rs 
:o may be or become our associates4 ,!  
f9] & m  picturesque false loyalties1   
false /&>ds ( hon\r1 false religi\s     
associations1 may seem to u1 ! m        
?or\ghly mu/ we seek to  release our    
m9ds & ! m9ds ( ^? ab\t u f !m & cut (f 
all ?\ghts ( a return4    ,we _c        
compromise ) ^! ve/iges ( ! anci5t ord]4
 ,:atev]  we reta9 ( !m w come back to  
life & gr[ aga94 ,x is no good  to      
op]ate = canc] unless ! :ole gr[? is    
remov$4 ,leave a cr[n  ab\t & pres5tly y
 w f9d x be+ worn by someone resolv$ to 

be a k+4 ,keep ! "n & image ( a god )\t 
a di/9ct museum  label & soon] or lat] y
 w discov] a wor%ipp] on 8 knees  to x &
 be lucky n to f9d a human sacrifice ^u 
! alt>4 ,wave  a flag & x w wrap ab\t y4
 ,( y\rself ev5 m ?an ( !  community is 
?is true2 !re c be no half measures4 ,y 
h n  yet complet$ y\r escape to ! ,op5  
,conspiracy f ! cities (  ! pla9 :ile x 
is /ill possible = y to take a s+le     
backw>d  glance4    ,& at la/ :5 we     
conceive t we h giv5 ourselves altoge!r 
to ! ,op5 ,conspiracy fru/ration may    
ov]take u4 ,!n x is1 :5  we are assur$ t
 we are possess$ by ! ,op5 ,conspiracy1 
t we  %all be mo/ dispos$ to ?9k & act z
 ?\gh we possess$ ! ,op5  ,conspiracy4  
,& if we h made sacrifices1 if we are   
consci\s (  sub/antial success1 !n /ill 
m %all we be 9 dang]4 ,"o ( !  mo/      
disagreeable features ( ,*ri/ian        
hagiology is ! value set by  ! bless$   
sa9ts ^u _! special privileges4 ,! poor 
s\ls lov$  to ?9k !y _h caught ! peculi>
 att5tion ( ,god by _! sores  &         

mortifications4 ,?is 8weakness ( ! em95t
 claim0 p]vades all  religions4 ,mo/ (  
^? :o w s]ve ! ,op5 ,conspiracy w be    
tempt$ to ?9k !y h des]v$ well & to     
comp>e _! m]its  & _! %>e ( influ5ce &  
recognition 9 ! movem5t ) ^?  ( o!rs4   
,! ,op5 ,conspiracy w be no m free f    
rivalries1 he>tburn+s1  di/ru/1 t\*y    
suspicions1 mutual int]f]5ce & dis+5u\s 
neglig5ces1 ?an any o!r great human     
co-op]ation4 ,! discipl9es1  ! tra9+s & 
me?ods ( organisation t mu/ be evolv$ z 
!  movem5t gr[s may be effective 9      
re/rict+ ! mis*ief ( su*  humanities2 !y
 w c]ta9ly n suppress !m altoge!r4 ,_m a
  good & s]viceable man may die embitt]$
 by ! preoccupation ( 8  fell[ work]s 9 
?is huge campaign4 ,b ! ,op5 ,conspiracy
 w gr[  z sci5ce gr[s1 great] at la/ ?an
 all its out] antagonisms1 ?an  anci5t  
tradition or in/9ctive resi/ance1 great]
 ?an ! consci\s  or unconsci\s          
disloyalties ( its adh]5ts1 great] ?an  
all !  pres5t vices ( mank9d4           
99       99       99       99       99  

,bew>e ( malice 9 ?is movem5t4 ,rememb] 
t man is a malici\s  animal & y are     
human4 ,d n fall f\l ( y\r allies &     
associates because "s ( !m affect y\r   
ri*] nature z prigs or  p$ants2 d n be  
too scrupul\s ab\t ! motives ( o!rs2 y\r
 own  also may be misconceiv$2 d n      
int]pret en?usia/ic s]vice ei!r  z      
conceit$ self-ass]tion or calculat$     
self-advancem5t1 nor give  way to       
excessive *agr9 :5 "s hon\rable task y  
_h promis$  y\rself is seiz$ ^u by      
someone else4 ,avoid ! belittlem5t (    
useful "w ^u our side because x is n    
p]fect4 ,d n let  diff]5ces ( acc5t &   
idiom annoy y4 ,_m great movem5ts h  be5
 crippl$1 _m great opportunities lo/1 by
 ! m9or spites (  ! elect4 ,v9dictive   
self-ass]tion is an inv>iable *>act]i/ic
 (  ! hopelessly damn$4 ,wat* y\rself = 
! m9ute/ fir/ specks (  ?is leprosy4    
,! ,op5 ,conspiracy may le>n a useful   
lesson if x be>s 9 m9d !  e>ly phases ( 
,*ri/ianity & ,islam & gu>ds itself     
aga9/ su*  sordid diss5sions z sprung & 

enfeebl$ ^? mighty initiatives  be=e ev5
 ! fir/ g5]ation ( disciples _h pass$   
away4          ,*apt] ,,xii    ,,! ,,op5
 ,,conspiracy ,,mu/ ,,beg9 ,,z ,a       
,,movem5t ,,( ,,explanation ,,&         
,,propag&a      ,& n[1 hav+ tak5 !      
measure ( ! array ( curr5t ?+s  aga9/   
:i* ! ,op5 ,conspiracy mu/ pit itself1  
we may g on to  consid] ! g]m9ation &   
developm5t ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy4    ,x  
is fairly obvi\s t ! prim>y & e>lie/    
task is to express1  develop & propagate
 ! idea ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy1 to make   
its  ext]nal =m cle>1 conv9c+1          
attractive & comm&+ to z _m  p z        
possible4 ,! prim>y organisation mu/ be 
a propag&i/  organisation4    ,! idea ( 
! ,op5 ,conspiracy re/s ^u & arises out 
( a sy/em  ( hi/orical1 biological &    
sociological realisations4 ,9 !  case ( 
p ) s\nd k 9 ^! fields we may look =  ^!
 realisations already2 su* p are prep>$ 
= adhesion  )\t any great explanatory   
"w2 !re is no?+ to set out to  !m b !   
project4 ,!y d already con/itute ! ,op5 

,conspiracy  9 an unorganis$ solution & 
w n s mu* adh]e z admit to  !mselves &  
o!rs _! /ate ( m9d4 ,directly we pass   
beyond t  comp>atively re/rict$ _w1     
h[ev]1 we %all f9d t we h  to deal )    
p>tial k1 di/ort$ views or blank        
ignorance1  & t a revision & ext5sion ( 
hi/orical & biological ideas  & a       
consid]able elucidation ( economic      
misconceptions has to be  und]tak54     
,= ! pa/ twelve ye>s1 ! pres5t writ] has
 giv5 mu* ?\ght  & "w to ! "q ( pres5t+ 
^! f\ndation ideas = a  mod]n moral &   
political activity 9 a practicable =m1 &
 x w  be ! easie/ me?od ( /atem5t = him 
to describe ! outcome (  8 exp]im5ts &  
reflections4 ,he reports !re=e ^u :at he
 has  done & is do+ n because t is 9 any
 way f9al or univ]sally  applicable1 b  
because x gives some?+ suffici5tly full 
& lucid  to s]ve z a concrete           
illu/ration ( 8 idea4 ,he has s*em$ out 
a  gr\p ( writ+s to embody ! necess>y   
ideas ( ! new "t 9 a  =m adapt$ to !    
curr5t read+ public & he consid]s :at he

 is  do+ z a sort ( provisional         
8,bible10 s to speak1 = "s factors  at  
lea/ 9 ! ,op5 ,conspiracy4 ,z ! curr5t  
read+ public *anges1  8 "w w become     
obsolesc5t s f> z its pres5t =m & me?od 
g4 ,b n s f> z its sub/antial me?od     
goes4 ,t he believes  w rema94    ,^!   
writ+s1 ?is mod]n ,bible s*eme1 has tak5
 a ?reefold  =m & he believes ! m5tal   
basis ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy mu/          
necess>ily reta9 ?is ?reefold =m if only
 on acc\nt ( its  lucidity (            
pres5tation4 ,he has already writt5 &   
publi%$ !  op5+ ?ird ( 8 s*eme1 fir/ 9 a
 full & !n 9 a compact]  book1 z !      
,outl9e ( ,hi/ory & z ,a ,%ort ,hi/ory  
( ! ,_w4 ,?is furni%es a framework (    
fact )9 :i*  ! g5]al political ideas ( !
 read] c be put 9 ord]4 ,x  pres5ts !   
hi/ory ( life z a progress f            
fragm5tation t[>ds  _w unity1 m5tal &   
mat]ial4 ,a second ?ird ( ?is /atem5t  (
 fundam5tal mod]n ideas he is n[ prep>+ 
9 collaboration  ) two m specially      
qualifi$ writ]s4 ,?is w be a companion  

& p>allel to ! ,outl9e ( ,hi/ory & x w  
be call$  ,! ,sci5ce ( ,life4 ,x w be a 
summ>y ( :at is kn[n  ( ! nature &      
possibilities ( life4 ,x w give ! data =
  p]sonal conduct )9 a biologically     
conceiv$ _w society1 j  z ! ,outl9e (   
,hi/ory gives a frame = ! individual    
political life 9 a unify+ _w /ate4 ,!   
rema9+ ?ird ( ?is  encyclopdia1 ! ?ird  
deal+ ma9ly ) inorganic & economic      
sci5ce1 is /ill a m]e sket* & skeleton4 
,x w treat (  economic & social         
organisation consid]$ z ! problem (     
man's  exploitation ( extrane\s en]gy = 
! s]vice ( ! species4 ,its  prospective 
title1 ,! ,conque/ ( ,p[]1 w p]haps     
convey  ! _s ( its design4 ,! g5]al idea
 ( ^! writ+s is to  pres5t altoge!r1    
fir/ a complete mod]n _w outlook1       
politically  speak+1 !n ! moral data ( !
 new "t1 & !n ! =eca/  ( a collective   
economic policy1 9 a =m accessible to a 
p]son (  ord9>y education4 ,x is !      
pres5tation ( ! ?reefold basis = a      
mod]n ideology1 hi/orical1 biological & 

economic4 ,x is a pione]  attempt to get
 ?is writt5 d[n connect$ly4    ,= a     
consid]able section ( ! mod]ately       
educat$ public1 )  hi/orical ideas      
fragm5t>y & re/rict$ to m]e p]iods &    
c\ntries1 ! compilation ( ! ,outl9e (   
,hi/ory has s]v$  already1 & /ill s]ves1
 z a /imulant & a release--& no d\bt1   
:5 its "w is supplem5t$ by its two      
companions & :5 all t  c be done n[ )   
life & matt] is realis$ ! ?ree w help 9 
a great numb] ( cases to pull p's m9ds  
toge!r into a %ape  t w dispose !m to   
full p>ticipation 9 ! new movem5t4 ,b   
at ! mo/ exagg]at$ e/imate possible1 ^! 
works con/itute a  m]ely provisional    
8,bible10 & ! measure ( _! success w be 
m>k$ by ! promptitude ( _! replacem5t by
 wor?i] successors4    ,su* compilations
 _c b h _m ( ! *>act]i/ic defects (     
pione] & elem5t>y "w2 !y h (t5 to a*ieve
 _! ends by  go+ r r\ghly ov] second>y  
difficulties t w\ld o!rwise  delay _!   
production indef9itely4 ,yet at ! outset
 !y w be  ( use 9 m>k+ out ! %ape &     

scope ( ! g5]al concepts  ( ! ,op5      
,conspiracy4 ,at ! outset1 ! ,op5       
,conspiracy1 z x  rea*es beyond ! range 
( exceptionally well-in=m$ & m5tally    
active p1 mu/ be v l>gely an educational
 propag&a ( su*  mat]ial4 ,only lat] c x
 hope to rel9qui% ?is "p ( its task to  
r5asc5t educational organisations :i* c 
be tru/$ to ensure a  firm f\ndation = !
 mod]n conception ( life4    ,! =m 9 :i*
 ! ,op5 ,conspiracy w fir/ appe> w      
c]ta9ly  n be t ( a c5tralis$           
organisation4 ,its mo/ natural &        
conv5i5t me?od ( com+ into be+ w be !   
=mation ( small  gr\ps ( fri5ds1 family 
gr\ps1 gr\ps ( /ud5ts & employees  or   
o!r sorts ( p meet+ & conv]s+ frequ5tly 
9 !  c\rse ( _! normal occupations1 :o w
 ex*ange views & f9d  !mselves 9        
agreem5t ^u ! g5]al idea4 ,fundam5tally 
important  issues ^u :i* unanimity mu/  
be a*iev$ f ! outset are1  fir/ly1 !    
entirely provisional nature ( all exi/+ 
gov]nm5ts1  & ! entirely provisional    
nature1 !re=e1 ( all loyalties          

associat$ !re)2 secondly1 ! supreme     
importance ( population  control 9 human
 biology & ! possibility x af=ds u ( a  
release f ! pressure ( ! /ruggle =      
exi/5ce on ourselves2  & ?irdly1 ! urg5t
 necessity ( protective resi/ance aga9/ 
! pres5t traditional drift t[>ds w>4 ,p 
:o d n grasp  ! vital significance ( ^! 
te/ issues d n really beg9 to  und]/& ! 
,op5 ,conspiracy4 ,gr\ps com+ into      
agreem5t ^u ^!  matt]s1 & ^u _! g5]al   
int]pretation ( hi/ory1 w be 9 a        
position to seek adh]5ts1 enl>ge        
!mselves & attempt to e/abli%           
communication ) k9dr$ gr\ps = common    
ends4 ,!y c take up a  v>iety (         
activities to develop a s5se & habit (  
comb9$ action  & feel _! way to great]  
ent]prises4    ,we h %[n already t !    
,op5 ,conspiracy mu/ be het]og5e\s 9    
orig94 ,"y m5 & "y wom5 may be collect$ 
into gr\ps arrang$  ^u l9es n unlike ^? 
( ! ,bohemian ,sokols or ! ,italian     
,fasci4 ,su* gr\ps may easily h an      
a?letic & recreational side4  ,^!       

initial gr\ps w be ( no uni=m patt]n4   
,!y w be (  v diff]5t size1 av]age age1 
social exp]i5ce & influ5ce4  ,_!        
p>ticul> activities w be det]m9$ by ^!  
?+s4 ,x  is highly improbable t ! "n ( !
 ,op5 ,conspiracy w be  appli$ to any ( 
!m4 ,t is j a provisional "n 9 ^! ,blue 
,pr9ts4 ,_! div]se qualities & influ5ces
 w express !mselves  by div]se titles4  
,a gr\p ( /ud5ts may f9d itself capable 
(  little m ?an self-education & p]sonal
 propag&a2 a gr\p (  middle-class p 9 a 
small t[n may f9d its small res\rces    
fully  engag$ at fir/ 9 su* ?+s z1 =    
example1 see+ t desirable  lit]ature is 
available = sale or 9 ! local public    
libr>y1  protect+ books & news-v5dors f 
suppression1 or influ5c+  local tea*]s4 
,mo/ p>5ts ( s*ool-*ildr5 c press = !   
tea*+ ( univ]sal hi/ory & s\nd biology &
 prote/ aga9/ !  inculcation (          
aggressive patriotism4 ,on ! o!r h&1 a  
gr\p (  ampl] exp]i5ce & res\rces may   
und]take ! pr9t+1 publication  &        
di/ribution ( lit]ature1 & ex]cise      

consid]able influ5ce  ^u public op9ion 9
 turn+ education 9 ! "r direction4 ,!   
,league ( ,nations movem5t1 ! ,bir?     
,control movem5t & mo/ radical  &       
sociali/ societies are fields into :i*  
gr\ps may g to f9d  adh]5ts m ?an half  
prep>$ = !m4 ,! ,op5 ,conspiracy is a   
full] & ampl] movem5t into :i* ^!       
incomplete activities mu/  necess>ily   
m]ge z its idea takes possession ( m5's 
imag9ations4    ,f ! outset1 ! ,op5     
,conspiracy w set its face aga9/        
milit>ism4 ,!re is a pla9 pres5t ne$ = !
 organisation n[1  be=e w> comes aga91 (
 an op5 & explicit refusal to s]ve 9 any
  w>--or at mo/ to s]ve 9 w>1 directly  
or indirectly1 only aft] !  issue has   
be5 fully & fairly submitt$ to          
arbitration4 ,! "t =  a consci5ti\s     
objection to w> s]vice is manife/ly be=e
 & n  aft] ! onset ( w>4 ,p :o h        
acquiesc$ 9 a bellig]5t  =eign policy by
 sil5ce "r up to ! onset ( w>1 h little 
to compla9 ( if !y are !n compell$ to   
s]ve4 ,& a refusal  to p>ticipate ) "o's

 c\ntry 9 w>f>e is a prepo/]\sly        
incomplete ge/ure unless x is r\nd$ (f  
by ! delib]ate advocacy  ( a _w pax1 a  
_w economic control & a re/ra9$         
population1 su* z ! idea ( ! ,op5       
,conspiracy embodies4    ,! putt+ ^u    
record ( its memb]s' res]vation (       
!mselves f  any or all ( ! milit>y      
obligations t may be ?ru/ ^u !  c\ntry  
by milit>y & diplomatic ef=t1 w be1 ,i  
?9k1 ! fir/  consid]able ov]t act ( !   
,op5 ,conspiracy gr\ps4 ,x w supply  !  
practical inc5tive to br+ _m ( !m toge!r
 9 ! fir/  place4 ,x w foll[ closely ^u 
! beg9n+ ( ! propag&a &  x w probably   
necessitate ! creation ( regional or    
national ad  hoc committees = !         
e/abli%m5t ( a collective legal &       
political def5sive = ?is diss5t f curr5t
 militant nationalism4  ,x w br+ ! ,op5 
,conspiracy v e>ly out ( ! prov9ce (    
discussion into ! field ( practical     
conflict4 ,x w f !  outset inve/ x ) a v
 necess>y quality ( pres5t              
applicability4    ,! anticipatory       

repudiation ( milit>y s]vice1 s f> z ?is
  la/ may be impos$ by exi/+ gov]nm5ts 9
 _! factiti\s  int]national rivalries1  
ne$ n necess>ily involve a d5ial ( !    
ne$ ( milit>y action on behalf ( ! _w   
commonweal1 = !  suppression (          
nationali/ brig&age1 nor ne$ x prev5t ! 
milit>y  tra9+ ( memb]s ( ! ,op5        
,conspiracy4 ,x is simply ! practical   
=m ( ass]tion t ! normal militant       
diplomacy & w>f>e (  ! pres5t "t are    
(f5ces aga9/ civilisation1 processes 9  
! nature ( brig&age1 s$ition & civil w>1
 & t s]i\s  m5 _c be expect$ to play    
any?+ b a rle ( disapproval1            
non-p>ticipation or active prev5tion    
t[>ds !m4 ,our loyalty to our  curr5t   
gov]nm5t1 we w\ld intimate1 is subject  
to its sane & adult  behavi\r4    ,^!   
educational & propag&i/ gr\ps draw+     
toge!r into an  organis$ resi/ance to   
milit>ism & to ! excessive control (    
individuals by ! make%ift gov]nm5ts (   
to-day1 are ! possible  & probable =m 9 
:i* ! ,op5 ,conspiracy w appe> 9 !  _w4 

,b !y con/itute only ! e>lie/ & m       
elem5t>y grade  ( its activities1 & we w
 pres5tly g on to consid] ! m           
specialis$ & con/ructive =ms its ef=t   
mu/ evoke4 ,be=e do+  s1 h[ev]1 we may  
say a little m ab\t ! /ructure & me?od  
( ^! initiatory gr\ps4    ,s9ce !y are  
b\nd to be diff]5t & miscellane\s 9 =m1 
size1  quality & ability1 any e>ly      
attempts to organise !m into common     
g5]al action or ev5 into regul> common  
ga!r+s are to be  deprecat$4 ,!re %\ld  
be _m types ( gr\ps4 ,collective action 
_h  bett] = a "t--p]haps = a long "t--be
 und]tak5 n ?r\gh  ! m]g+ ( gr\ps b     
?r\gh ! =mation ( ad hoc  associations =
 def9itely specialis$ ends4 ,! gr\ps w  
come into  ^! associations to make a    
contribution v mu* z p come into  limit$
 liability companies1 t is to say ) a   
subscription &  n ) _! :ole capital4 ,a 
compreh5sive organization attempt+  f ! 
fir/ to cov] all activities w\ld        
necess>ily re/ ^u &  promote "o preval5t
 patt]n ( gr\p & hamp] or e/range ! m   

orig9al & int]e/+ =ms4    ,!re is a     
dete/able sort ( en]getic human be+ :i* 
preys  ^u human societies1 delight+ 9   
proc$ure1 by-laws1 vot+s1  /]eotyp+ &   
emb>rass+ 8resolutions10 ! 8capture0 (  
committees & organisations1 ! delegation
 ( p[]s & su*like  politicians' mis*ief4
 ,x is a blight+ & accurs$ type1 liv+  &
 multiply+ 9 rules & prec$5ts z bugs 9  
old wallpap]4 ,!  less ! ,op5           
,conspiracy devotes itself to su*       
elaborations 9 its  ga!r+s1 ! bett] =   
its _s4 ,always x w be well to keep  its
 compreh5sive organisation easy &       
simple4    ,ea* gr\p %\ld come toge!r & 
develop its ideas1 frankly &  freely1 at
 some?+ l a common level ( und]/&+ & 9 a
  fri5dly atmosph]e4 ,x w\ld be         
advisable t mo/ gr\ps %\ld  assemble )  
"s regul>ity1 & s9ce 9 a l>ge "p ( ! _w 
,sunday is recognis$ z ! day set ap>t f 
! conc]ns ( !  individual = !           
consid]ation ( wid] issues1 t day may   
well be  ! usual day = gr\p ga!r+s4 ,a  
weekly meet+ at :i* ev]yone  attempts to

 be pres5t seems to be indicat$ z !     
normal habit (  a gr\p4 ,a memb] :o f9ds
 weekly att5dance at 8 gr\p meet+       
irksome1 probably belongs to ! wrong    
gr\p & %\ld seek ano!r4    ,a normal    
gr\p 9 ! e>ly /age ( its exi/5ce w f9d  
mo/  ( its en]gy engag$ 9 confirm+ &    
clean+ up its conception  ( ! ,op5      
,conspiracy & 9 deal+ ) p invit$ to jo9 
91 try+ out its ideas ^u int]e/$        
visitors & s =?4  ,x w also exp]im5t 9  
outside activities det]m9$ by its       
special circum/ances4 ,! ord9>y gr\p mu/
 be> 9 m9d t  ^! practical activities   
mu/ at fir/ be prep>atory & ma9ly       
self-educational4 ,x mu/ n subord9ate   
its g5]al m5tal task 9  !m4    ,! cle>  
conception ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy is a    
consid]able b  necess>y intellectual    
ef=t4 ,a gr\p ( hi/orical1 biological & 
economic ideas & int]pretations has to  
be assimilat$ & !y are  n by any means  
simple & obvi\s ideas4 ,& 9 addition--& 
:at  is p]haps ! m difficult "p--_m     
preval5t habits ( m9d &  curr5t         

assumptions h to be got rid (4 ,!       
conception ( ! ,op5  ,conspiracy        
involves1 = example1 a sceptical &      
de/ructive criticism  (                 
p]sonal-immortality religions & also ( !
 sacr$ =mul  ( communism4 ,x c "w1 & may
 g f> 9 c]ta9 ways1 )  ,*ri/ians or     
,communi/s1 b x _c incorporate !m s long
 z  !y are ,*ri/ians or ,communi/s4     
,vague goodwill = mank9d1 or =          
progress1 & adhesions bas$ on "s p>tial 
approval ( its _s1  its me?ods or its   
objective1 are ( no real value to an    
ent]prise s  huge 9 its ultimate        
int5tions4    ,= ! fur!rance ( its aims1
 ! ,op5 ,conspiracy may "w 9  alliance )
 all sorts ( movem5ts & p1 b to take !m 
into its own ess5tial sub/ance is an    
altoge!r diff]5t matt]4  ,propag&a &    
education are se$-s[+ & only 9 revivali/
  religion is an imm$iate1 a simultane\s
 reap+ attempt$ ) !  s[+ ( ! se$4 ,!    
g5]al run ( p are m eag] to d ?an  to   
und]/&1 & f ! beg9n+ ( its fir/ ov]t    
activities !  ,op5 ,conspiracy w h to   

deal ) ! fri5dly advances ( ^?  :o w    
want to %>e 9 its ef=t )\t any prop]    
assimilation (  ! ideas t promote x4    
,?is w be ano!r reason = project+  its  
practical activities into ! =m ( ad hoc 
associations1  into :i* outsid]s )      
diff]5t or undevelop$ religi\s1         
political1 social & philosophical views 
may come )\t p5etrat+  z p]man5t memb]s 
into ! actual gr\ps1 & x w also ju/ify  
! helpful p>ticipation ( ! ,op5         
,conspiracy gr\ps 9 def9itely  re/rict$ 
movem5ts :i* att5d only to a portion (  
its programme4  ,b _m ( ^? :o fir/ come 
into t\* ) ! ,op5 ,conspiracy  simply z 
help]s & allies w no d\bt g on to a     
c>eful /udy (  its g5]al concepts & s to
 complete p>ticipation4    ,! gr\ps ( ! 
,op5 ,conspiracy1 x may be reit]at$1 w  
v>y  mu* 9 leisure1 k1 ability & scope4 
,9 ! /ud5t _w1  9 ! associat$ _w (      
special social1 political &             
philosophical  /udies & 9 ! _w :]e      
speculative ?\ght is comb9$ )  writ+ &  
discussion1 gr\ps w appe> :i* turn      

naturally to !  developm5t & expression 
( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy z _! di/9ctive     
contribution4 ,! concepts ( ! ,op5      
,conspiracy w appe>  increas+ly 9 books 
& p]iodicals until "s ( ^! latt] become 
recognis$ def9itely z means (           
communication )9 ! movem5t4 ,x  w       
acquire or provoke its own p]iodic      
lit]ature4 ,su* circles (               
8intellig5tsia0 w also supply lectur]s &
 lead]s ( discussions  :o w be drawn ^u 
by o!r gr\ps & gr\p comb9ations =       
visits ( /imulus & elucidation4    ,f t1
 ! spread+1 gr[+ & rip5+ gr\ps w g on to
  comb9e ) "o ano!r = local & regional  
meet+s4 ,p  :o h met fir/ 9 ad hoc      
activities w f9d !mselves  develop+     
naturally & progressively into social   
association  & a loose g5]al            
organisation ) ! ,op5 ,conspiracy4 ,su* 
an organisation %\ld leave ! fulle/     
scope = gr\p or ev5  individual autonomy
 9 p>ticul> cases4 ,! only b9d+ re/ra9t 
^u indep5d5t initiatives 9 ! ,op5       
,conspiracy %\ld be its broad  ess5tial 

requirem5ts1 namely3    7#a7 ,! complete
 ass]tion1 practical z well z !oretical1
 ( !  provisional nature ( exi/+        
gov]nm5ts & ( our acquiesc5ce 9  !m2    
7#b7 ,! resolve to m9imise by all       
available means ! conflicts (  ^!       
gov]nm5ts1 _! militant use ( individuals
 & prop]ty &  _! int]f]5ces ) !         
e/abli%m5t ( a _w economic sy/em2       
7#c7 ,! det]m9ation to replace private  
local or national own]%ip (  at lea/    
cr$it1 transport & /aple production by a
 responsible _w  directorate s]v+ !     
common ends ( ! race2    7#d7 ,!        
practical recognition ( ! necessity = _w
 biological  controls1 = example1 (     
population & disease2    7#e7 ,! support
 ( a m9imum /&>d ( individual fre$om &  
welf>e  9 ! _w2 &    7#f7 ,! supreme    
duty ( subord9at+ ! p]sonal life to !   
creation  ( a _w directorate capable (  
^! tasks & to ! g5]al  advancem5t (     
human k1 capacity & p[]4    ,! admission
 !re) t our immortality is conditional &
 lies 9  ! race & n 9 our individual    

selves4          ,*apt] ,,xiii    ,,e>ly
 ,,con/ructive ,,"w ,,( ,,! ,,op5       
,,conspiracy      ,9 su* t]ms we may    
sket* ! practicable & possible op5+     
phase  ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy4    ,we d n 
pres5t x z a movem5t initiat$ by any    
individual  or radiat+ f any p>ticul>   
c5tre4 ,x arises naturally &  necess>ily
 f ! pres5t increase ( k & ! broad5+    
outlook ( _m m9ds ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,x is   
reasonable !re=e  to anticipate its     
appe>ance all ov] ! _w 9 sporadic       
mutually  indep5d5t gr\ps & to recognise
 n only t !y w be  extremely v>i\s b t  
_m ( !m w trail ) !m racial &  regional 
habits & *>act]i/ics :i* w only be %ak5 
(f z  its cosmopolitan "* becomes       
imp]atively evid5t4 ,! passage  f !     
p>tial anticipations ( ! ,op5           
,conspiracy t already  ab\nd ev]y:]e to 
its complete & completely self-consci\s 
/atem5t may be made by almo/            
imp]ceptible degrees4 ,to-day x may     
seem no m ?an a vision>y idea2 to-morr[ 
x may be realis$ z a  _w-wide =ce (     

op9ion & w4 ,p w pass ) no great        
inconsi/5cy f say+ t ! ,op5 ,conspiracy 
is impossible to  say+ t x has always   
be5 pla9 & cle> to !m1 t to ?is  fa%ion 
!y h %ap$ _! lives z long z !y c        
rememb]4    ,9 its op5+ phase1 9 ! day (
 small ?+s1 q m9or accid5ts  may help or
 delay ! cle> def9ition & popul>isation 
( its  ma9 ideas4 ,! *ang+ patt]n (     
public ev5ts may disp]se or  conc5trate 
att5tion ^u x1 or x may w9 ! e>ly       
adh]5ce (  m5 ( exceptional res\rces1   
en]gy or ability4 ,x is impossible to   
=etell ! spe$ ( its advance4 ,its       
developm5t may be sl[] or  fa/]1 direct 
or devi\s1 b ! logic ( accumulat+       
realisations  ?ru/s x =w>d1 w p]si/ 9   
?ru/+ x on1 & soon] or  lat] x w be     
discov]$1 consci\s & pot5t1 ! work+     
religion  ( mo/ sane & en]getic p4      
,mean:ile our supreme virtues mu/ be    
fai? & p]si/5ce4    ,s f> we h consid]$ 
only two ( ! ma9 activities ( ! ,op5    
,conspiracy1 ! "o be+ its propag&a (    
confid5ce 9 ! possible  _w commonweal & 

! o!r its imm$iate practical attempt to 
sy/ematise resi/ance to militant &      
competitive imp]ialism &  nationalism4  
,b su* ?+s are m]ely its gr\ndwork      
und]tak+s2  !y d no m ?an cle> ! site & 
make ! atmosph]e possible  = its        
organis$ con/ructive ef=ts4    ,directly
 we turn to t we turn to que/ions (     
special k1  special ef=t & special      
organisation4    ,let u consid] fir/ !  
g5]al advancem5t ( sci5ce1 !  protection
 & support ( sci5tific rese>* & !       
diffusion (  sci5tific k4 ,^! ?+s fall  
)9 ! normal s*eme (  duty = ! memb]s ( !
 ,op5 ,conspiracy4 ,! _w ( sci5ce  &    
exp]im5t is ! region ( orig9 ( ne>ly all
 ! great  initiatives t *>act]ise our   
times2 ! ,op5 ,conspiracy owes  its     
inspiration1 its exi/5ce1 its =m &      
direction entirely to  ! *anges (       
condition ^! initiatives h br\ght ab\t1 
&  yet a l>ge numb] ( sci5tific work]s  
live outside ! sph]e (  sympa?y 9 :i* we
 may expect ! ,op5 ,conspiracy to       
mat]ialise1 &  collectively _! political

 & social influ5ce ^u ! community  is   
extraord9>ily small4 ,hav+ reg>d to !   
imm5sity ( its  contributions & !       
incalculable value ( its promise to !   
mod]n  community1 sci5ce--rese>*1 t is1 
& ! diffusion ( sci5tific  k--is        
extraord9>ily neglect$1 />v$ & ?reat5$  
by  ho/ile int]f]5ce4 ,?is is l>gely    
because x has no /rong unify+           
organisation & _c 9 itself develop su*  
an organisation4    ,sci5ce is a h>d    
mi/ress & ! fir/ condition ( successful 
sci5tific "w is t ! sci5tific man %\ld  
/ick to 8  rese>*4 ,! _w ( sci5ce is    
!re=e 9 itself1 at its core1  a         
miscellany ( speciali/s1 (t5 v ungraci\s
 speciali/s1  &1 r ?an (f] him help &   
co-op]ation1 x calls =  und]/&+1        
tol]ance & s]vice f ! man ( m g5]al     
intellig5ce & wid] purpose4 ,! company (
 sci5tific m5 is  less l a ho/ ( guid+  
angels ?an l a sw>m ( m>vell\s          
bees--end[$ ) /+s--:i* mu/ be hiv$ &    
*]i%$ &  multipli$ by ! ,op5            
,conspiracy4    ,b s soon z we h ! ,op5 

,conspiracy at "w1 putt+ its  case      
pla9ly & (f]+ its develop+ organisation 
to ^? mo/  preci\sly preoccupi$ m51 !n  
reasonably1 :5 x involves no  special   
tr\ble = !m1 :5 x is ! l9e ( lea/       
resi/ance =  !m1 !y may be expect$ to   
fall 9 ) its conv5i5t & helpful  ideas1 
& f9d 9 x :at !y h hi!rto lack$1 a      
common sy/em  ( political & social      
concepts to hold !m toge!r4 ,:5 t  /age 
is rea*$1 we %all be sav$ su* spectacles
 ( intellectual  pro/itution z ! la/    
,great ,w> (f]$1 :5 m5 ( sci5ce 7  h]d$ 
bl9k+ f _! laboratories to curse "o     
ano!r ^u  nationali/ l9es1 & :5 aft] !  
w> /upid & wick$ b>ri]s  7 set up to !  
free communication ( k by ! exclusion  (
 sci5tific m5 ( ?is or t nationality f  
int]national  sci5tific ga!r+s4 ,! ,op5 
,conspiracy mu/ help ! man (  sci5ce to 
realise1 :at at pres5t he fails mo/     
a/oni%+ly to  realise1 t he belongs to a
 great] comity ?an any k+ or presid5t   
repres5ts to-day1 & s prep>e him = bett]
 behavi\r 9 ! next  season ( trial4     

,! =mation ( gr\ps 91 & n only 91 b ab\t
 & 9 relation  to1 ! sci5tific _w1 :i* w
 add to ^? fir/ ma9 activities  ( ! ,op5
 ,conspiracy1 propag&a & pacificism1 a  
special att5tion  to ! ne$s ( sci5tific 
"w1 may be enl>g$ ^u ) advantage  "h1   
because x w illu/rate q typically ! idea
 ( a special  "w c>ri$ on 9 relation to 
a g5]al activity1 :i* is ! subject  (   
?is section4    ,! ,op5 ,conspiracy     
ext5ds its invitation to all sorts &    
conditions  ( m51 b ! s]vice ( sci5tific
 progress is = ^? only :o  are specially
 equipp$ or :o are suffici5tly int]e/$  
to equip  !mselves4 ,= sci5tific "w !re 
is fir/ ( all a great ne$  ( end[m5t & !
 sett+ up ( laboratories1 obs]vatories1 
exp]im5tal /ations & ! l 9 all p>ts ( ! 
_w4 ,numb]s  ( m5 & wom5 capable (      
sci5tific "w nev] a*ieve x = want  ( !  
/imulus ( opportunity af=d$ by end[m5t4 
,few contrive to  create _! own         
opportunities4 ,! ess5tial man ( sci5ce 
is v  r>ely an able collector or        
adm9i/rator ( money & anyh[ !  detail$  

"w ( organisation is a grave call ^u 8  
special m5tal  en]gy4 ,b _m m5 capable (
 a broad & intellig5t appreciation  (   
sci5tific "w1 b n capable ( ! peculi>   
int5sities (  rese>*1 h ! gift (        
extract+ money f private & public       
s\rces1 & x is = !m to use t gift       
mode/ly & g5]\sly 9  provid+ ! framework
 = ^? m especially end[$4    ,& !re is  
already a /eadily increas+ ne$ = ! prop]
 /orage  & index+ ( sci5tific results1 &
 e fre% work] enhances x4  ,q a         
consid]able am\nt ( sci5tific "w goes   
fruitless or is  ne$lessly repeat$1     
because ( ! gr[+ volume ( publication1 &
  m5 make discov]ies 9 ! field ( reality
 only to lose !m aga9 9  ! lumb]-room ( 
record4 ,"h is a second l9e ( activity  
to :i*  ! ,op5 ,conspiracy ) a sci5tific
 bias may direct 8 att5tion4    ,a ?ird 
l9e is ! liaison "w betwe5 ! man (      
sci5ce & !  common intellig5t man2 !    
promotion ( publications :i* w  ei!r    
/ate ! sub/ance1 implications &         
consequ5ces ( new "w  9 ! vulg> tongue1 

or1 if t is impossible1 tra9 ! g5]al    
run ( p to ! new idioms & te*nicalities 
:i* ne$ to be  incorporat$ ) ! vulg>    
tongue if x is /ill to s]ve its ends z  
a means ( intellectual int]c\rse4       
,?r\gh special ad hoc organisations1    
societies = !  promotion ( ,rese>*1 =   
,rese>* ,def5ce1 = ,_w ,index+1  = !    
translation ( ,sci5tific ,pap]s1 = !    
,diffusion ( ,new  ,k1 ! surplus en]gies
 ( a great numb] ( ,op5 ,conspirators  c
 be direct$ to entirely creative ends & 
a new _w organisation  ( sci5tific "w   
built up1 )9 :i* su* de> old in/itutions
  z ! ,royal ,society ( ,london1 ! v>i\s
 ,european ,academies (  ,sci5ce & ! l1 
n[ ov]gr[n & inadequate1 c ma9ta9  _!   
v5]able pride 9 !mselves1 _! mell[+     
pre/ige &  _! di/+ui%$ exclusiv5ess1 )\t
 _! pres5t privilege (  inflict+ cramp+ 
slights & re/rictions ^u ! m abundant   
sci5tific activities ( to-day4    ,s 9  
relation to ,sci5ce--& "h ! ^w is be+   
us$ 9 its  n>r[] accept$ mean+ = :at is 
(t5 spok5 ( z pure  sci5ce1 ! se>* =    

physical & biological realities1        
uncomplicat$ by moral1 social &         
8practical0 consid]ations--we  evoke a  
conception ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy z       
produc+ gr\ps (  socially associat$     
individuals1 :o engage prim>ily 9 !     
g5]al  basic activities ( ! ,conspiracy 
& adh]e to & promote ! six  broad       
pr9ciples summ>is$ at ! end ( ,*apt]    
,twelve1 b :o "w  also ) ! l>g] "p ( _! 
en]gies1 ?r\gh int]national  &          
cosmopolitan societies & 9 a multitude (
 special ways1 =  ! e/abli%m5t ( an     
endur+ & progressive _w organisation  ( 
pure rese>*4 ,!y w h come to ?is special
 "w because  _! di/9ctive gifts1 _!     
incl9ations1 _! positions &             
opportunities h indicat$ x z !irs4      
,n[ a v p>allel sy/em ( ,op5 ,conspiracy
 gr\ps is conceivable1  9 relation to   
bus9ess & indu/rial life4 ,x w\ld       
necess>ily be  a va/ly bulki] & m       
het]og5e\s sy/em ( gr\ps b o!rwise  !   
analogy is complete4 ,"h we imag9e ^? p 
^: gifts1  incl9ations1 positions &     

opportunities z directors1 work]s or    
associates give !m an exceptional       
insight into & influ5ce 9 !  processes (
 produc+ & di/ribut+ commodities1 c also
 be drawn  toge!r into gr\ps )9 ! ,op5  
,conspiracy4 ,b ^! gr\ps  w be conc]n$ )
 ! huge & m complicat$ problems ( !     
processes by :i* ev5 n[ ! small isolat$ 
individual adv5tures 9  production &    
trad+1 t con/itut$ ! economic life ( =m]
  civilisations1 are giv+ place to l>g]1
 bett] in/ruct$1 bett]  plann$ indu/rial
 organisations1 ^: op]ations &          
comb9ations  become at la/ _w wide4     
,! amalgamations & comb9ations1 !       
sub/itution ( l>ge-scale  bus9ess =     
multitudes ( small-scale bus9esses1 :i* 
are go+ on  n[1 g on ) all ! cruelty &  
disreg>ds ( a natural process4 ,if  man 
is to pr(it & survive1 ^! unconsci\s    
blund]+s--:i* n[  /agg] t[>ds b :i* may 
nev] atta9 _w organisation--mu/ be      
wat*$1 controll$1 ma/]$ & direct$4 ,z   
unc]ta9ty dim9i%es1  ! quality (        
adv5ture & ! am\nt ( wa/e dim9i% also1 &

  l>ge speculative pr(its are no long]  
possible or ju/ifiable4  ,! transition f
 speculative adv5ture to organis$       
=esight 9  ! common int]e/1 9 ! :ole _w 
( economic life1 is !  sub/antial task (
 ! ,op5 ,conspiracy4 ,& x is ^!         
specially  int]e/$ & equipp$ gr\ps & n !
 movem5t z a :ole :i*  may be/ beg9 !   
attack ^u ^! fundam5tal readju/m5ts4    
,! v>i\s ,sociali/ movem5ts ( ! n9ete5? 
& e>li] tw5tie?  c5turies _h ?is 9      
common1 t !y s\ght to replace ! 8private
  own]0 9 mo/ or all economic int]e/s by
 "s vaguely appreh5d$  8public own]40   
,?is1 foll[+ ! democratic disposition ( 
!  times1 0 commonly conceiv$ ( z an    
elect$ body1 a municipality1  !         
p>liam5t>y /ate or :at n4 ,!re 7        
municipal sociali/s1  8nationalis+0     
sociali/s1 imp]ial sociali/s4 ,9 ! my/ic
  tea*+s ( ! ,m>xi/1 ! collective own] 0
 to be 8!  dictator%ip ( ! prolet>iat40 
,production = pr(it 0 d5\nc$4  ,!       
contempor>y m9d realises ! evils (      
production = pr(it &  ( ! indiscrim9ate 

scrambl+ ( private own]%ip1 b x has a   
complet] realisation & a c]ta9          
accumulation ( exp]i5ce ( !             
difficulties ( organis+ t l>g] own]%ip  
we desire4 ,private  own]%ip may n be   
altoge!r evil z a provisional /age ev5  
if  x has no m 9 its fav\r ?an ! ability
 to transc5d political  b\nd>ies4       
,moreov]--& "h aga9 ! democratic        
prepossessions ( !  n9ete5? c5tury come 
9--! ,sociali/ movem5ts s\ght to make  e
 s+le adh]5t a re=m] & a propag&i/ (    
economic  me?ods4 ,9 ord] to d s1 x 0   
necess>y to simplify economic  processes
 to ! crudity ( nurs]y toys1 & !        
intricate int]play  ( w & desire 9      
ent]prise1 normal employm5t & direction1
  9 que/ions ( own]%ip1 wages1 cr$it &  
money1 0 r$uc$ to  a *ildi% fable (     
surplus value wick$ly appropriat$4 ,!   
,op5  ,conspiracy is n s mu* a socialism
 z a m compreh5sive s*eme  t has eat5 & 
assimilat$ :atev] 0 dige/ible ( its     
sociali/  =ebe>s4 ,x turns to biology = 
guidance t[>ds ! regulation (  quantity 

& a controll$ di/ribution ( ! human     
population ( !  _w1 & x judges all !    
subsidi>y aspects ( prop]ty & pay by  ! 
crit]ion ( mo/ effici5t production &    
di/ribution 9 relation  to ! indications
 ?us obta9$4    ,^! economic gr\ps1 !n1 
( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy1 :i* may come      
inde$ to be a l>ge "p ( ! ,op5          
,conspiracy1 w be work+ 9  t va/ task ( 
economic recon/ruction--:i* f ! po9t (  
view ( ! old] socialism 0 ! sole task   
be=e mank9d4 ,!y  w be conduct+         
exp]im5ts & obs]v+ processes accord+ to 
_! opportunities4 ,?r\gh ad hoc         
societies & j\rnals  !y w be comp>+ &   
exam9+ _! me?ods & prep>+  reports &    
cle> in=mation = ! movem5t at l>ge4 ,!  
:ole  "q ( money & monet>y me?ods 9 our 
mod]n communities1 s  extraord9>ily     
disreg>d$ 9 sociali/ lit]ature1 w be    
exam9$  "u ! assumption t money is !    
tok5 ( ! community's  obligation1 direct
 or indirect1 to an individual1 & cr$it 
its  p]mission to deal freely ) mat]ial4
    ,! :ole psy*ology ( indu/ry &       

indu/rial relation%ip ne$s  to be revis$
 & re/at$ 9 t]ms ( ! collective         
effici5cy &  welf>e ( mank9d4 ,& j z f> 
z c be contriv$1 ! c\nsel  & !          
confid5ces ( ^? :o n[ direct great      
indu/rial &  f9ancial op]ations w be    
invok$4 ,! fir/ special task ( a  bank]1
 or a bank cl]k = t matt]1 :o jo9s !    
,op5 ,conspiracy1  w be to answ] !      
que/ions3 8,:at is a bank80 8,:at are y 
go+  to d ab\t x80 8,:at h we to d ab\t 
x80 ,! fir/ "q  to a manufactur] w be3  
8,:at are y mak+ & :y80 & 8,:at  are y &
 we to d ab\t x80 ,in/ead ( ! crude     
proposals to  8expropriate0 & 8take ov] 
by ! /ate0 ( ! primitive socialism1  !  
,op5 ,conspiracy w build up an          
encyclopdic conception ( !  mod]n       
economic complex z a labyr9?9e          
pseudo-sy/em progressively  elim9at+    
wa/e & work+ its way along multitud9\s  
*annels  t[>ds unity1 t[>ds cl>ity (    
purpose & me?od1 t[>ds abundant         
productivity & effici5t social s]vice4  
,let u come back n[ = a p>agraph or s to

 ! ord9>y adh]5t  to ! ,op5 ,conspiracy1
 ! adh]5t consid]$ n 9 relation to  8   
special aptitudes & s]vices1 b 9        
relation to ! movem5t  z a :ole & to ^? 
special con/ructive organisations       
outside  8 own field4 ,x w be 8 duty to 
keep 8 m9d 9 t\* ) !  progress+ concepts
 ( ! sci5tific "w s f> z he is able &  )
 ! l>g] issues ( ! economic             
recon/ruction t is afoot1 to  take 8    
cues f ! special gr\ps & organisations  
engag$ ^u  t "w1 & to help :]e he f9ds 8
 opportunity & :5 !re  is a call ^u him4
 ,b no adh]5t ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy c    
rema9  m]ely & completely an ord9>y     
adh]5t4 ,!re c be no pawns 9  ! game ( !
 ,op5 ,conspiracy1 no 8cannon fodd]0 9  
its w>4 ,a  special activity q z mu* z a
 g5]al und]/&+ is dem&$  f ev]yone :o   
looks creatively t[>ds ! future (       
mank9d4    ,we h in/anc$ fir/ ! f9e &   
di/9ctive _w organisation (  pure sci5ce
 & !n ! huge massive movem5t t[>ds      
co-op]at+  unity ( aim 9 ! economic life
 until at la/ ! production &            

di/ribution ( /aple necessities is      
appreh5d$ z "o _w  bus9ess1 & we h      
sugge/$ t ?is latt] movem5t may         
gradually  p]vade & incorporate a v     
great bulk ( human activities4 ,b       
besides ?is f9e curr5t & ?is great      
torr5t ( evolv+ activities  &           
relation%ips !re are also a v           
consid]able v>iety ( o!r  great         
functions 9 ! community t[>ds :i* ,op5  
,conspiracy gr\ps  mu/ direct _!        
organis+ enquiries & sugge/ions 9 _!    
common  int5tion ( ultimately assimilat+
 all ! confus$ processes (  to-day into 
a _w community4    ,= example1 !re mu/  
be a s]ies ( gr\ps 9 close t\* at  "o   
end ) biological sci5ce & at ! o!r ) !  
complex  ( economic activity1 :o w be   
conc]n$ specially ) !  practical        
adm9i/ration ( ! biological int]e/s ( ! 
race1 f  food-plants & indu/rial        
products to pe/il5ces & population4 ,&  
ano!r s]ies ( gr\ps w ga!r toge!r       
att5tion & en]gy to  focus !m ^u !      
educational process4 ,we h already po9t$

 out 9  ,*apt] ,n9e t !re is a /rong    
disposition t[>ds cons]vatism  9 normal 
educational in/itutions4 ,!y pres]ve    
traditions r  ?an develop !m4 ,!y are   
likely to set up a consid]able resi/ance
  to ! recon/ruction ( ! _w outlook ^u !
 ?reefold basis  def9$ 9 ,*apt] ,twelve4
 ,?is resi/ance mu/ be attack$ by       
special  societies1 by ! e/abli%m5t (   
compet+ s*ools1 by help &  promotion =  
enlight5$ tea*]s1 &1 :]ev] ! attack is  
incompletely successful1 x mu/ be       
supplem5t$ by ! en]getic  diffusion (   
educational lit]ature = adults1 ^u mod]n
 l9es4 ,!  =ces ( ! entire movem5t may  
be mobilis$ 9 a v>iety ( ways to  br+   
pressure ^u reaction>y s*ools &         
in/itutions4    ,a set ( activities     
correlat$ ) mo/ ( ! directly creative   
ones w lie ?r\gh exi/+ political &      
adm9i/rative bodies4  ,! political "w ( 
! ,op5 ,conspiracy mu/ be conduct$ ^u   
two levels & by entirely diff]5t me?ods4
 ,its ma9 political  idea1 its political
 /rategy1 is to weak51 efface1          

incorporate or  sup]s$e exi/+ gov]nm5ts4
 ,b !re is also a tactical div]sion  (  
adm9i/rative p[]s & res\rces to economic
 & educational  arrangem5ts ( a mod]n   
type4 ,because a c\ntry or a di/rict is 
inconv5i5t z a division & de/9$ to      
ultimate absorption 9  "s m compreh5sive
 & economical sy/em ( gov]nm5t1 t is  no
 reason :y its adm9i/ration %\ld n be   
br\ght mean:ile into  work+ co-op]ation 
) ! developm5t ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy4    
,free  ,trade nationalism 9 p[] is bett]
 ?an high t>iff nationalism1 &          
pacifici/ p>ty lib]alism bett] ?an      
aggressive p>ty patriotism4    ,?is     
evokes ! anticipation ( ano!r s]ies (   
gr\ps1 a gr\p 9  e possible political   
division1 ^: task x w be to organise  ! 
:ole /r5g? ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy 9 t     
division z an  effective vot+ or agitat+
 =ce4 ,9 _m divisions ?is might  soon   
become a suffici5tly consid]able block  
to affect ! attitudes  & pl$ges ( !     
national politicians4 ,! organisation ( 
^!  political gr\ps into prov9cial or   

national conf]5ces & sy/ems  w\ld foll[ 
h>d ^u _! appe>ance4 ,9 _! programmes !y
 w\ld  be guid$ by meet+s & discussions 
) ! specifically economic1  educational1
 biological1 sci5tific & c5tral gr\ps1 b
 !y w\ld  also =m _! own special rese>* 
bodies to "w out ! incessant  problems (
 transition betwe5 ! old type ( locally 
c5tr$  adm9i/rations & a develop+ _w    
sy/em ( political controls4    ,9 !     
prec$+ *apt] we sket*$ ! fir/           
practicable fir/ phase  ( ! ,op5        
,conspiracy z ! propag&a ( a gr\p (     
int]lock+  ideas1 a propag&a associat$ )
 pacifici/ action4 ,9 ! pres5t  *apt] we
 h giv5 a s*eme ( bran*+ & amplify+     
developm5t4  ,9 ?is s*eme1 ?is s*eme ( !
 second phase1 we conceive ( !  ,op5    
,conspiracy z consi/+ ( a great         
multitude & v>iety (  ov]lapp+ gr\ps1 b 
n[ all organis$ = collective political1 
social & educational z well z propag&i/ 
action4 ,!y w  recognise ea* o!r mu* m  
cle>ly ?an !y did at fir/ & !y  w h     
acquir$ a common "n4    ,! gr\ps1 h[ev]1

 almo/ all ( !m1 w /ill h specific  "w  
also4 ,"s w be organis+ a s\nd] sett+ = 
sci5tific  progress1 "s explor+ new     
social & educational possibilities1  _m 
conc5trat$ ^u ?is or t phase 9 !        
reorganisation ( !  _w's economic life &
 s =?4 ,! individual ,op5 ,conspirator  
may belong to "o or m gr\ps & 9 addition
 to ! ad hoc  societies & organisations 
:i* ! movem5t w su/a91 (t5 9            
co-op]ation ) p>tially sympa!tic p /ill 
outside its ranks4    ,! "* ( ! ,op5    
,conspiracy w n[ be pla9ly display$4 ,x 
w h become a great _w movem5t z         
widespread & evid5t z  socialism or     
communism4 ,x w l>gely h tak5 ! place ( 
^!  movem5ts4 ,x w be m1 x w be a _w    
religion4 ,?is l>ge  loose assimilatory 
mass ( gr\ps & societies w be def9itely 
&  obvi\sly attempt+ to swall[ up !     
entire population ( ! _w  & become ! new
 human community4          ,*apt] ,,xiv 
,,exi/+ ,,& ,,develop+ ,,movem5ts ,,)   
,,:i* ,,! ,,op5 ,,conspiracy ,,may      
,,hope ,,to ,,coalesce      ,a sugge/ion

 has already be5 made 9 an e>li] *apt] (
 ?is  essay :i* may p]haps be exp&$ "h a
 little m4 ,x is t  !re already exi/ 9 !
 _w a consid]able numb] ( movem5ts  9   
indu/ry1 9 political life1 9 social     
matt]s1 9 education1  :i* po9t 9 ! same 
direction z ! ,op5 ,conspiracy4 ,x w be 
int]e/+ to discuss h[ f> "s ( ^!        
movem5ts may n become  conflu5t ) o!rs &
 by a m]e process ( logical completion  
id5tify !mselves ) ! ,op5 ,conspiracy4  
,consid]1 = example1 ! movem5t = a      
sci5tific /udy &  control ( population  
pressure1 kn[n popul>ly z ! ,bir?       
,control  ,movem5t4 ,by itself1 assum+  
exi/+ political & economic  conditions1 
?is movem5t lays itself op5 to ! *>ge ( 
be+  no bett] ?an a s*eme ( 8race       
suicide40 ,if a population 9 "s  area ( 
high civilisation attempts to re/rict   
increase1 organise  its economic life ^u
 me?ods ( maximum individual            
productivity  & impose ord] & beauty ^u 
its entire t]ritory1 t region  w become 
irresi/ibly attractive to any adjac5t   

fe/]+ mass (  l[-grade highly           
reproductive population4 ,! *eap        
humanity ( !  "o community w make a     
con/ant attack ^u ! o!r1 af=d+  facile  
s]vility1 pro/itutes1 toil]s1 h& lab\r4 
,t>iffs aga9/  sweat$ products1         
re/riction ( immigration1 t5sions lead+ 
at  la/ to a w> ( def5sive massacre are 
inevitable4 ,! conque/ (  an illit]ate1 
hungry & incont95t multitude may be     
almo/ z  disa/r\s z defeat = ! selector 
race4 ,inde$ "o f9ds t 9  discussion !  
propag&i/s ( ,bir? ,control admit t _!  
project  mu/ be univ]sal or dysg5ic4 ,b 
yet q a numb] ( !m d n  foll[ up ^!     
admissions to _! logical consequ5ces1   
produce  ! l9es & cont9ue ! curves until
 ! complete =m ( !  ,op5 ,conspiracy    
appe>s4 ,x w be ! bus9ess ( ! e>ly ,op5 
,conspiracy propag&i/s to make !m d s1 &
 to in/all gr\ps &  repres5tatives at e 
possible po9t ( vantage 9 ?is movem5t4  
,& simil>ly ! n[ v num]\s associations =
 _w peace halt  9 al>m on ! edge ( _!   
own implications4 ,_w ,peace rema9s  a  

va/ aspiration until !re is "s sub/itute
 = ! pres5t  competition ( /ates =      
m>kets & raw mat]ial1 & "s re/ra9t  ^u  
population pressure4 ,league ( ,nations 
,societies & all =ms (  pacifici/       
organisation are ei!r futile or ins9c]e 
until !y come  into l9e ) ! complem5t>y 
propositions ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy4    ,!
 v>i\s sociali/ movem5ts aga9 are p>tial
 projects pr(ess+  at pres5t to be      
self-suffici5t s*emes4 ,mo/ ( !m involve
 a  pret5ce t national & political =ces 
are intangible phantoms  & t ! prim>y   
issue ( population pressure c be ignor$4
 ,!y  produce "o woolly s*eme aft] ano!r
 = transf]r+ ! prop]ty  9 ?is1 t or !   
o!r economic plant & int]e/ f bodies  ( 
%>ehold]s & company promot]s to gangs ( 
politicians or to  syndicates (         
work]s--to be /e]$ to effici5cy1 x w\ld 
seem1 by  pill>s ( cl\d by day & pill>s 
( fire by night4 ,! communi/  p>ty has  
tra9$ a :ole g5]ation ( disciples to    
believe t !  ov]?r[ ( a vaguely         
appreh5d$ 8,capitalism0 is ! simple     

solution  ( all human difficulties4 ,no 
movem5t ev] succe$$ s completely  9     
sub/itut+ phrases = ?\ght4 ,9 ,mosc[    
communism has trampl$  8,capitalism0    
und]foot = t5 ev5tful ye>s1 & /ill f9ds 
all !  problems ( social & political    
con/ruction be=e x4    ,b z soon z !    
,sociali/ or ,communi/ c be got to      
realise t  8 repudiation ( private      
monopolisation is n a complete programme
  b j a prelim9>y pr9ciple1 he is ripe =
 ! ampl] concepts  ( ! mod]n outlook4 ,!
 ,op5 ,conspiracy is ! natural inh]itor 
(  sociali/ & communi/ en?usiasms2 x may
 be 9 control ( ,mosc[  be=e x is 9     
control ( ,new ,york4    ,! ,op5        
,conspiracy may a*ieve ! m or less      
complete amalgamation  ( all ! radical  
impulses 9 ! ,atlantic community (      
to-day4 ,b  its scope is n conf9$ to !  
v>iety ( sympa!tic movem5ts :i*  are    
br\ght to m9d by t loose ^w radical4 ,9 
! pa/  fifty ye>s or s :ile ,sociali/s &
 ,communi/s h be5 d5\nc+  ! curr5t      
processes ( economic life 9 ! same      

inv>iable phrases  & ) ! same           
undiscrim9at+ animosity1 ^! processes h 
be5 und]go+ ! pr(\nde/ & mo/ int]e/+    
*anges4 ,:ile  sociali/ ?\ght has recit$
 its phrases1 ) witty r ?an  sub/antial 
v>iations1 a ?\s& times z _m clev] p h  
be5 busy ^u indu/rial1 m]cantile &      
f9ancial processes4 ,!  ,sociali/ /ill  
reit]ates t ?is great] body (           
intellig5ce has  be5 m]ely seek+ private
 ga91 :i* has j z mu* tru? 9 x  z is    
necess>y to make x an intoxicat+ lie4   
,ev]y:]e competitive  bus9esses h be5   
giv+ way to amalgamat$ ent]prises1 m>*+ 
t[>ds monopoly1 & p]sonally own$        
bus9esses to organisations s  l>ge z to 
acquire m & m ! "* ( publicly           
responsible  bodies4 ,9 !ory 9 ,great   
,brita91 banks are privately own$ &     
railway transport is privately own$1 &  
!y are run entirely =  pr(it--9 practice
 _! pr(it mak+ is au/]ely re/ra9$ &  _! 
proce$+s are all ! m s5sitive to public 
welf>e because  !y are outside ! direct 
control ( p>ty politicians4    ,n[ ?is  

trans=mation ( bus9ess1 trad+ & f9ance  
has be5  s multitud9\s & s rapid z to be
 /ill l>gely unconsci\s (  itself4      
,intellig5t m5 h gone f comb9ation to   
comb9ation  & ext5d$ _! range1 ye> by   
ye>1 )\t realis+ h[ _!  activities 7    
enl>g+ !m to conspicu\sness &           
responsibility4  ,economic organisation 
is ev5 n[ only discov]+ itself = :at  x 
is4 ,x has accept$ incompatible exi/+   
in/itutions to its own  great injury4 ,x
 has be5 patriotic & brok5 its %9s aga9/
 !  t>iff walls its patriotism has rais$
 to hamp] its own movem5ts2  x has be5  
imp]ial & f\nd itself tax$ to ! limits (
 its  endurance1 8controll$0 by         
antiquat$ milit>y & naval exp]ts &      
crippl$ altoge!r4 ,! y\ng]1 m vigor\s   
intellig5ces 9 !  great bus9ess         
directorates ( to-day are beg9n+ to     
realise !  uncomplet$ implications ( _! 
ent]prise4 ,a day w come :5  ! g5tlem5  
:o are try+ to control ! oil supplies ( 
! _w  )\t ref]5ce to any?+ else except z
 a subsidi>y factor 9  _! game1 w be    

consid]$ to be qua9t *>act]s4 ,! ends ( 
,big ,bus9ess mu/ c>ry ,big ,bus9ess    
into ! ,op5 ,conspiracy1 j  z surely z e
 o!r creative & broadly organis+ movem5t
 is  c>ri$4    ,n[ ,i "k t to all ?is   
urg+ t[>ds a unification (  con/ructive 
ef=t1 a great numb] ( p w be dispos$ to 
a  reply :i* w1 ,i hope1 be less popul> 
9 ! future ?an x is  at ! pres5t "t4 ,!y
 w assume fir/ an expression ( great    
sagacity1 an eld]ly air4 ,!n1 smil+     
g5tly1 !y w ask :e!r  !re is n some?+   
prepo/]\sly ambiti\s 9 look+ at !       
problem ( life z "o :ole4 ,is x n wis]  
to conc5trate our  =ces on m practicable
 ?+s1 to attempt "o ?+ at a "t1  n to   
antagonise ! :ole ord] ( e/abli%$ ?+s   
aga9/ our  poor desires1 to beg9        
t5tatively to refra9 f putt+ too great  
a /ra9 ^u p1 to tru/ to ! gr[+ common   
s5se ( !  _w to adju/ ?is or t l9e (    
progress to ! g5]al s*eme (  ?+s4 ,f>   
bett] accompli% some?+ def9ite "h & !re 
?an  *all5ge a g5]al failure4 ,t is1 !y 
decl>e1 h[ re=m]s &  creative ?+s h gone

 on 9 ! pa/2 t is h[ !y are go+ on  n[2 
muddl+ =w>d 9 a mild & confus$ &        
p>tially successful  way4 ,:y n tru/ !m 
to g on l t8 ,let ea* man d 8 bit  ) a  
complete disreg>d ( ! logical int]lock+ 
( progressive  ef=t to :i* ,i h be5     
draw+ att5tion4    ,n[ ,i mu/ confess t1
 popul> z ?is /yle ( argum5t is1 x gives
  me s t$i\s a feel+ t r ?an argue aga9/
 x 9 g5]al  t]ms ,i w resort to a       
p>able4 ,i w relate ! /ory ( ! pig on   
,prov9d] ,isl&4    ,!re 01 y mu/ und]/&1
 only "o pig on ,prov9d] ,isl&1 &       
,heav5 kn[s h[ x got !re1 :e!r x escap$ 
& swam a%ore or  0 put a%ore f "s vessel
 sudd5ly conv]t$ to veget>ianism1  ,i _c
 imag9e4 ,at fir/ x 0 ! only mammal !re4
 ,b lat] on  ?ree sailors & a v small b 
obs]vant cab9-boy 7 wreck$  !re1 & aft] 
subsi/+ = a "t on %ell-fi% & roots !y   
became aw>e ( ?is pig4 ,& simultane\sly 
!y became aw>e ( a  ne>ly intol]able    
crav+ = bacon4 ,! elde/ ( ! ?ree sailors
  began to ?9k ( a ham he _h met 9 8    
boyhood1 a beautiful ham  = :i* 8 fa!r  

_h _h ! c>v+ knife specially %>p5$2  !  
second ( ! ?ree sailors dream$ repeat$ly
 ( a roa/ lo9 (  pork he _h eat5 at 8   
si/]'s w$d+1 & ! ?ird's m9d ran  on     
*itt]l+s--,i "k n :y4 ,!y sat ab\t _!   
meagre fire &  conf]r$ & expatiat$ ^u ^!
 ?+s until _! m\?s wat]$  & ! %ell-fi%  
turn$ to wat] )9 !m4 ,:at dreams came to
  ! cab9-boy are unkn[n1 = x 0 _! cu/om 
to disc\rage 8  confid5ces4 ,b he sat   
ap>t brood+ & 0 at la/ mov$ to spee*4   
8,let u hunt t old pig10 he said1 8&    
kill x40    ,n[ x may h be5 because x 0 
! habit ( ^! sailors to  disc\rage !    
cab9-boy & keep him 9 8 place1 b anyh[1 
=  :atev] reason x 01 all ?ree sailors  
set !mselves ) "o  accord to oppose t   
proposal4    8,:o spoke ( kill+ ! pig80 
said ! elde/ sailor l\dly1 look+  r\nd  
to see if by any *ance ! pig 0 )9 he>+4 
8,:o spoke  ( kill+ ! pig8 ,y're ! sort 
( silly "y devil :o  jumps at ideas &   
hasn't no s5se ( difficulties4 ,:at ,i  
said 0  ,,am4 ,all ,i want is j a ,am to
 g ) my roots & sea salt4  ,"o ,am4 ,!  

,left ,am4 ,i don't want ! "r "o & ,i   
don't propose to  get x4 ,i've got a    
s5se ( proportion & a prop] %>e ( hum\r 
&  ,i "k my limitations4 ,i'm a s\nd    
cle>-head$ practical man4 ,am is  :at   
,i'm aft]1 & if ,i c get t1 ,i'm prep>$ 
to say ,quits &  let ! re/ ( ! pig      
alone4 ,:o's = jo9+ me 9 a ,left ,am    
,unt--a  simple reasonable ,left ,am    
,unt--j to get ,"o ,left ,am80          
,nobody answ]$ him directly1 b :5 8     
voice di$ away1 ! next  sailor 9 ord] ( 
s5iority took up ! tale4 8,t ,boy10 he  
said1  8w die ( ,swell$ ,ed1 & ,i pity  
im4 ,my idea is to foll[ up !  pig & get
 hold ( a lo9 *op4 ,j simply a lo9 *op4 
,a lo9 *op  is good en\gh = me4         
,x's--feasible4 ,mu* m feasible ?an a   
great  ,am4 ,"h we are1 we've got no    
gun1 we've got no wood ( a sort to make 
b[s & arr[s1 we've n no?+ b our clasp   
knives1 & t pig  c run l ,ell4 ,x's     
ridicul\s to ?9k ( kill+ t pig4 ,b  if  
"o didn't tr\ble him1 if "o k9d ( got   
into 8 confid5ce &  crept ne> him & j   

quietly & insidi\sly w5t = 8 lo9--j     
sort ( z if "o 0 tickl+ him--"o might   
get a lo9 *op almo/  be=e he knew ( x40 
,! ?ird sailor sat crumpl$ up & d[nca/ )
 8 lean  f+]s tangl$ 9 8 %ock ( hair4   
8,*itt]l+s10 he murmur$1  8*itt]l+s4 ,i 
don't ev5 want to ?9k ( ! pig40    ,& ! 
cab9-boy pursu$ 8 own ideas 9 sil5ce1 = 
he deem$ x  unwise to provoke 8 eld]s   
fur!r4    ,on ^! l9es x 0 ! ?ree sailors
 set ab\t ! gratify+ (  _! ta/e = pork1 
ea* 9 8 own way1 sep>ately & sanely &   
mode/ly4 ,& ea* _h 8 rew>d4 ,! fir/     
sailor aft] weeks (  pati5ce got )9     
arm's l5g? ( ! pig & smack$ t covet$    
left ham l\d & good1 & felt success 0   
ne>4 ,! o!r two  he>d ! smack & ! grunt 
( dismay half a mile away4 ,b !  pig 9 a
 /ate ( a/oni%m5t c>ri$ ! ham (f out (  
rea*1  !re & !n1 & t 0 z close z ! fir/ 
sailor ev] got  to 8 objective4 ,! roa/ 
lo9 hunt] did no bett]4 ,he came ^u  !  
pig asleep "u a rock "o day1 & jump$ ^u 
! v lo9 he  desir$1 b ! pig bit him     
deeply & septically1 & display$ s  mu*  

res5tm5t t ! "q ( a *op 0 dropp$ =?) &  
nev] aga9 broa*$ betwe5 !m4 ,& !reaft] !
 arm ( ! second  sailor 0 b&ag$ & swell$
 up & w5t f bad to worse4 ,& z  = ! ?ird
 sailor1 x is d\btful :e!r he ev5 got   
w9d ( a  *itt]l+ f ! />t to ! f9i% ( ?is
 p>able4 ,! cab9-boy  pursu+ notions ( 8
 own made a pitfall = ! :ole pig1 b z  !
 o!rs did n help him1 & z he 0 an       
excessively small--?\gh                 
%rewd--cab9-boy1 x 0 a feeble &         
insuffici5t pitfall & all x  caught 0 ! 
hunt] ( *itt]l+s :o 0 w&]+ di/raught4   
,aft] :i* ! hunt] ( *itt]l+s became a   
hunt] ( cab9-boys1  & ! cab9-boy's life1
 = all 8 %rewdness1 0 prec>i\s &        
unpleasant4 ,he slept only 9 snat*es &  
le>n$ ! full bitt]ness  ( insight       
misund]/ood4    ,:5 at la/ a %ip came to
 ,prov9d] ,isl& & took (f ! ?ree m5  & !
 cab9-boy1 ! pig 0 /ill bacon intact & q
 gay &  *e]ful1 & all f\r ca/aways 7 9 a
 v emaciat$ condition  because at t     
season ( ! ye> %ell-fi% 7 r>e & edible  
roots 7 h>d to f9d & ! pig 0 v mu*      

clev]] ?an !y  7 9 f9d+ !m & digg+ !m   
up--let alone dige/+ !m4    ,f :i*      
p>able x may be ga!r$ t a p>tial        
ent]prise is n  always wis] or m hopeful
 ?an a compreh5sive "o4    ,& 9 ! same  
mann]1 ) myself 9 ! rle ( t m9ute b     
obs]vant cab9-boy1 ,i w\ld su/a9 !      
proposition t none ( ^!  movem5ts (     
p>tial recon/ruction has ! s\nd         
common-s5se quality  its support]s      
suppose4 ,all ^! movem5ts are wor? :ile 
if !y  c be tak5 into a _w-wide movem5t2
 all 9 isolation are futile4  ,!y w be  
ov]laid & lo/ 9 ! g5]al drift4 ,! policy
 ( !  :ole hog is ! be/ "o1 ! sane/ "o1 
! easie/ & ! mo/  hopeful4 ,if suffici5t
 m5 & wom5 ( intellig5ce c realise t    
simple tru? & give up _! lives to x1    
mank9d may yet a*ieve a  civilisation & 
p[] & fullness ( life beyond our pres5t 
dreams4  ,if !y d n1 fru/ration w       
triumph1 & w>1 viol5ce & a  drivell+    
wa/e ( "t & /r5g? & desire1 m disgu/+   
ev5  ?an w>1 w be ! lot ( our race d[n  
?r\gh ! ages to its  emaciat$ & mis]able

 end4    ,= ?is little planet ( ours is 
q (f ! c\rse ( any rescue  %ips1 if ! w 
9 our species fails4          ,*apt]    
,,xv    ,,! ,,creative ,,home1 ,,social 
,,gr\p ,,& ,,s*ool3 ,,! ,,pres5t ,,wa/e 
,,(  ,,y\?ful ,,s]i\sness      ,human   
society began ) ! family4 ,! natural    
hi/ory (  greg>i\sness is a hi/ory ( !  
e/abli%m5t ( mutual tol]ation  among    
human animals1 s t a litt] or a h]d     
keeps toge!r in/ead  ( break+ up4 ,x is 
9 ! family gr\p t ! re/ra9ts1           
discipl9es & self-sacrifices :i* make   
human society possible 7  work$ out &   
our fundam5tal prejudices e/abli%$1 & x 
is 9 !  family gr\p t our social life   
mu/ be rele>nt g5]ation aft]  g5]ation4 
,n[ 9 ea* g5]ation ! ,op5 ,conspiracy   
mu/ rema9 a m9ority  movem5t (          
intellig5t conv]ts until x c develop its
 own  reproductive me?ods4 ,a unifi$    
progressive _w community dem&s  its own 
type ( home & tra9+4 ,x ne$s to h its   
fundam5tal  concepts firmly e/abli%$ 9 z
 _m m9ds z possible & to gu>d  its      

*ildr5 f ! infection ( ! old racial &   
national hatr$s  & jeal\sies1 old       
sup]/itions & bad m5tal habits1 & base  
int]pretations ( life4 ,f its outset !  
,op5 ,conspiracy w be  sett+ itself to  
influ5ce ! exi/+ educational ma*9]y1 b =
  a long "t x w f9d itself confront$ 9  
s*ool & college by  p[]ful religi\s &   
political au?orities det]m9$ to set back
 !  *ildr5 at ! po9t or ev5 beh9d ! po9t
 f :i* _! p>5ts  made _! escape4 ,at    
be/1 ! lib]alism ( ! /ate-controll$     
s*ools w be a compromise4 ,dur+ ! e>ly  
phases ( its /ruggle1  !re=e1 ! ,op5    
,conspiracy w be oblig$ to adopt a c]ta9
  sect>ianism ( dome/ic & social life 9 
! int]e/s ( its  *ildr51 & x may ev5 9  
_m cases h to consid] ! gr\p+  ( its    
families & ! e/abli%m5t ( its own       
s*ools4 ,9 _m  mod]n communities1 !     
,engli%-speak+ /ates1 = example1 !re is 
/ill lib]ty to e/abli% educational      
companies1 runn+ s*ools ( a  special    
type4 ,9 e c\ntry :]e t "r does n exi/ x
 has  to be f\ght =4    ,!re lies a     

great "w = v>i\s gr\ps ( ! ,op5         
,conspiracy4  ,successful s*ools w\ld   
become laboratories ( educational me?ods
  & patt]ns = ! /ate s*ools4 ,necess>ily
 = a "t1 ! ,op5  ,conspiracy *ildr5 w\ld
 become a social lite1 !y w\ld beg9 f   
_! fir/ consci\s mom5ts to ?9k & talk   
among cle>-head$  p speak+ di/9ctly &   
behav+ frankly1 & x w\ld be a  wa/e &   
loss to put !m back = ! s*ola/ic /age   
among _!  m5tally indi/9ct & morally    
muddl$ contempor>ies4 ,a phase :5  !re w
 be a special educational sy/em = ! ,op5
 ,conspiracy  is1 !re=e1 cle>ly         
indicat$4 ,its *ildr5 w le>n to speak1  
draw1 ?9k1 compute lucidly & subtly1 &  
into _! vigor\s m9ds  !y w take ! broad 
concepts ( hi/ory1 biology & me*anical  
progress1 ! basis ( ! new _w1 naturally 
& easily4 ,mean:ile1  ^? :o gr[ up      
outside ! advanc+ educational fronti] ( 
!  ,op5 ,conspiracy w nev] come "u !    
full influ5ce ( its ideas1  or !y w get 
hold ( !m only aft] a sev]e /ruggle     
aga9/ a  mass ( misrepres5tations &     

elaborately in/ill$ prejudices4    ,!   
,op5 ,conspiracy w n be 9 heal? until x 
has segregat$ its  home life & mu* ( its
 social life f ! g5]al confusions  (    
to-day1 until its adh]5ts m>ry &        
associate pref]5tially  )9 ! movem5t &  
keep !mselves ess5tially alo( f !       
preval5t me?ods ( wa/+ "t & int]e/4 ,!y 
mu/ evolve a new  social atmosph]e4 ,x w
 be a m9or aspect ( ! _w revolution  to 
live d[n ! contempor>y !atre1           
contempor>y 8amusem5ts10  ! s5tim5tal   
booms & imitative *att]1 ! ov9e         
congregat+  to gape at ?is or t1 ! dull 
pursuit ( sports & 8games0 &            
quasi-innoc5t vices1 ! fa%ions &        
indu/ri\s futilities (  curr5t life s   
soon z x escapes f pov]ty4 ,! :ole drift
 (  ! contempor>y _w is to tempt &      
ensn>e & wa/e our *ildr54  ,x has a     
diabolical disposition to make life     
altoge!r trivial &  ineffective4 ,ov]   
all ^! matt]s wom5 seem to h mu* m      
aptitude & p[] ?an m54 ,x may n be true 
t 8woman's sph]e is  ! home10 b c]ta9ly 

! home & its imm$iate social atmosph]e  
is h] empire4 ,%e c be ! moral q z mu* z
 ! physical  "m ( ! days to come4       
99       99       99       99       99  
,always1 z long z ,i c rememb]1 !re has 
be5 a dispute &  invidi\s comp>isons    
betwe5 ! old & ! "y4 ,! "y f9d !  old   
prey ^u & re/ra9 !m & ! old f9d ! "y1   
%all[1  disappo9t+ & aimless 9 vivid    
contra/ to _! own revis$  memories ( _! 
own e>ly days4 ,! pres5t "t is "o 9 :i* 
^! p]5nial accusations fl[] )           
exceptional vig\r4 ,b !re  does seem to 
be "s tru? 9 ! /atem5t t ! facilities to
 live  frivol\sly are great] n[ ?an !y h
 ev] be5 = old & "y  alike4 ,9 ! great  
communities t em]ge f ,*ri/5dom1 !re is 
a widespread disposition to reg>d       
,sunday z m]ely a holiday4 ,b t  0      
c]ta9ly n ! orig9al int5tion ( ,sunday4 
,z we h not$  already 9 an e>li] *apt]1 
x 0 a day d$icat$ to ! great]  issues ( 
life4 ,n[ great multitudes ( p d n ev5  
pret5d to  set aside any "t at all to ! 
great] issues ( life4 ,! *ur*es  are    

neglect$ & no?+ ( a unify+ or exalt+    
sort takes _!  place4    ,n[ :at !      
contempor>y s5ior tells 8 junior to-day 
is p]fectly  correct4 ,9 8 y\?1 no s]i\s
 impulse ( 8 w5t to wa/e4 ,he  0 n      
di/ract$ by a ?\s& gay b petty          
temptations1 & !  local religi\s p[]s1  
:atev] !y happ5$ to be1 seem$ to        
believe 9 !mselves m & made a m         
compreh5sive attack ^u  8 consci5ce &   
imag9ation4 ,n[ ! old fai?s are damag$ &
  discr$it$ & ! new & great] "o1 :i* is 
! ,op5 ,conspiracy1  takes %ape only    
sl[ly4 ,a decade or s ago1 socialism    
prea*$  its confid5t hopes1 & patriotism
 & imp]ial pride %>$ its  attraction = !
 ev] grave & passionate w ( em]g5t y\?4 
,n[ socialism & democracy are 8"u       
revision0 & ! flags t  once wav$ s      
bravely reek ( poison gas1 are /iff )   
blood & mud  & %ameful ) expos$         
di%one/ies4 ,y\? is :at y\? has always  
be51 eag] = f9e int]pretations ( life1  
capable ( spl5did  resolves4 ,b x comes 
up out ( its *ildhood to-day into a _w (

  ru?less exposures & cynical           
pret5sions4 ,! pa/ t5 ye>s has  se5 ! %y
 & p[]ful idealism ( y\? at a loss &    
dismay$ z  p]haps x has nev] be5 be=e4  
,x is 9 ! _w /ill1 b mask$1  hid+ ev5 f 
itself 9 a :irl ( small excitem5ts &    
futile  defiant depravities4    ,! old  
flags & fai?s h lo/ _! magic = !        
intellig5ce (  ! "y2 !y c comm& x no m2 
x is 9 ! mighty revolution  to :i* !    
,op5 ,conspiracy directs itself t ! y\? 
( mank9d  mu/ once m f9d its s\l if ev] 
x is to f9d its s\l aga94               
,*apt] ,,xvi    ,,progressive           
,,developm5t ,,( ,,! ,,activities ,,(   
,,! ,,op5 ,,conspiracy ,,into ,a  ,,_w  
,,control ,,& ,,commonweal3 ,,! ,,haz>ds
 ,,( ,,! ,,conflict      ,we h n[ sket*$
 out 9 ^! ,blue ,pr9ts1 ! me?ods by :i* 
!  confus$ radicalism & con/ructive =ces
 ( ! pres5t "t may  & c & probably w be 
drawn toge!r ab\t a core ( mod]nis$     
religi\s feel+ into "o great &          
multif>i\s creative ef=t4  ,a way has   
be5 %[n by :i* ?is ef=t may be develop$ 

f a  m]e propag&i/ campaign & a m]ely   
resi/ant prote/ aga9/  contempor>y      
milit>ism into an organis$ =e%ad[+ 9    
rese>*1  publicity & exp]im5t 9         
educational1 economic & political       
recon/ructions1 ( t ,pax ,mundi1 :i* has
 become already  ! tantalis$ desire (   
great multitudes ?r\gh\t ! _w4 ,^!      
=e%ad[+s & recon/ructions w ignore &    
transc5d !  political b\nd>ies ( to-day4
 ,!y w cont9ually become m  sub/antial z
 project passes into attempt & p]=mance4
 ,9 phase  aft] phase & at po9t aft]    
po9t1 !re=e1 ! ,op5 ,conspiracy  w come 
to grips ) ! p[]s t su/a9 ^! b\nd>ies4  
,& x w n be m]ely topographical b\nd>ies
 t w be pass$4  ,! ,op5 ,conspiracy w   
also be dissolv+ & repudiat+ _m  exi/+  
re/rictions ^u conduct & _m social      
prejudices4 ,! ,op5  ,conspiracy        
proposes to end & %[s h[ an end may be  
put to t huge  sub/ratum ( "u-develop$1 
"u-educat$1 subjugat$1 exploit$  &      
fru/rat$ lives ^u :i* su* civilisation z
 ! _w has  kn[n hi!rto has re/$1 & ^u   

:i* mo/ ( our social sy/ems  /ill re/4  
,:5ev] possible1 ! ,op5 ,conspiracy w   
advance by illum9ation &  p]suasion4 ,b 
x has to advance & ev5 f ! outset :]e x 
is  n all[$ to illum9ate & p]suade x mu/
 fight4 ,its fir/ fights  w probably be 
= ! "r to spread its sy/em ( ideas      
pla9ly  & cle>ly ?r\gh\t ! _w4    ,!re  
is1 ,i suppose1 a flav\r ( treason ab\t 
! assumption t any  e/abli%$ gov]nm5t is
 provisional1 & a quality ( immorality 9
  any criticism ( accept$ moral /&>ds4  
,/ill m is ! proposal1  made ev5 9 times
 ( peace1 to resi/ w> levies &          
conscription1 an  (f5ce aga9/ absolute  
conceptions ( loyalty4 ,b ! ampl] wisdom
  ( ! mod]n ,atlantic communities1      
already t\*$ by premonitions (  *ange & 
futurity1 has cont9ually enl>g$ ! common
 lib]ties (  ?\ght = "s g5]ations1 & x  
is d\btful if !re w be any  s]i\s       
resi/ance to ! dissem9ation ( ^! views &
 ! e>ly  organisation ( ! ,op5          
,conspiracy 9 any ( ! ,engli%-speak+    
communities or ?r\gh\t ! ,briti%        

,empire1 9 ! ,sc&9avian  c\ntries1 or 9 
su* lib]al-m9d$ c\ntries z ,holl&1      
,switz]l&1  republican ,g]many or       
,france4 ,france1 9 ! ha/y ye>s aft] !  
w>1 submitt$ to "s repressive           
legislation aga9/ ! discussion  ( bir?  
control or ho/ile criticism ( ! milit>i/
 attitude2 b  su* a *eck ^u m5tal fre$om
 is altoge!r contr>y to ! cle>  & op5   
quality ( ! ,fr5* m9d2 9 practice x has 
already be5  effectively repudiat$ by   
su* writ]s z ,victor ,m>gu]itte1 & x is 
unlikely t !re w be any effective       
suppression ( ! op5+  phases ( ! ,op5   
,conspiracy 9 ,france4    ,?is gives u a
 l>ge portion ( ! exi/+ civilis$ _w 9   
:i* m5's m9ds may be readju/$ to ! idea 
t _! exi/+  gov]nm5ts are 9 ! position (
 tru/ees = ! great] gov]nm5t  ( ! com+  
age4 ,?r\gh\t ^! communities x is       
conceivable t  ! /ructural l9es ( ! _w  
community may be mat]ialis$ &  e/abli%$ 
) only m9or /ruggles1 local boycotts1   
vigor\s public  controv]sies1 normal    
legislative ob/ruction1 social pressure 

&  ov]t political activities4 ,police1  
jail1 expulsions & s =?1 let  alone     
outlawry & w>f>e1 may sc>cely be br\ght 
into ?is /ruggle  ^u ! high civilis$    
level ( ! ,atlantic communities4 ,b :]e 
!y are br\ght 91 ! ,op5 ,conspiracy to !
 be/ ( its ability  & ! full ext5t ( its
 res\rces1 mu/ become a fight+ =ce &    
organise itself ^u resi/ant l9es4       
,non-resi/ance1 ! re/riction (          
activities to moral suasion1  is no "p (
 ! programme ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy4 ,9 ! 
face (  unscrupul\s opposition creative 
ideas mu/ become aggressive1 mu/  def9e 
_! enemies & attack !m4 ,by its own     
organisations or  ?r\gh ! police &      
milit>y /r5g? ( gov]nm5ts am5able to    
its ideas1 ! movem5t is b\nd to f9d     
itself fight+ = op5  roads1 op5         
fronti]s1 fre$om ( spee* & ! realities (
 peace  9 regions ( oppression4 ,! ,op5 
,conspiracy re/s ^u a disrespect  =     
nationality & !re is no reason :y x %\ld
 tol]ate noxi\s  or ob/ructive gov]nm5ts
 because !y hold _! own 9 ?is or t  pat*

 ( human t]ritory4 ,x lies )9 ! p[] ( ! 
,atlantic  communities to impose peace  
^u ! _w & secure unimp$$  movem5t & free
 spee* f end to end ( ! e>?4 ,?is is a  
fact  on :i* ! ,op5 ,conspiracy mu/     
insi/4 ,! ,engli%-speak+ /ates1         
,france1 ,g]many1 ,holl&1 ,switz]l&1 !  
,sc&9avian c\ntries &  ,russia1 giv5    
only a n v extravagant frankness (      
und]/&+  betwe5 !m1 & a common          
disposition t[>ds ! ideas ( ! ,op5      
,conspiracy1 c\ld cease to arm aga9/ ea*
 o!r & /ill ex]t  en\gh /r5g? to impose 
dis>mam5t & a respect = human fre$om  9 
e corn] ( ! planet4 ,x is fanta/ic      
p$antry to wait = all  ! _w to acc$e    
be=e all ! _w is pacifi$ & polic$4    ,!
 mo/ inconsi/5t factor 9 ! lib]al &     
radical ?\ght (  to-day is its prejudice
 aga9/ ! int]f]5ce ( highly develop$    
mod]n /ates 9 ! affairs ( less /able &  
less advanc$ regions4  ,?is is d5\nc$ z 
8imp]ialism10 & reg>d$ z crim9al4 ,x    
may h assum$ grotesque & dang]\s =ms "u 
! n[ dy+  traditions ( national         

competition1 b z ! m]g] ( ! ,atlantic   
/ates proce$s1 ! possibility & necessity
 ( br++ areas (  misgov]nm5t & disord]  
"u _w control increase4 ,a great w>  l !
 w> ( #aiad-aiah may nev] happ5 aga94 ,!
 common-s5se  ( mank9d may suffice to   
av]t t4 ,b !re is /ill mu* actual  w>f>e
 be=e mank9d1 on ! fronti]s ev]y:]e1    
aga9/ brig&s1  aga9/ anci5t loyalties & 
traditions :i* w become at la/  no bett]
 ?an excuses = brig&age & ob/ructive    
exaction4 ,all  ! weight ( ! ,op5       
,conspiracy w be on ! side ( ! _w  ord] 
& aga9/ t sort ( local indep5d5ce :i*   
holds back its  subject p f ! citiz5%ip 
( ! _w4    ,b 9 ?is broad prospect (    
f>-rea*+ political amalgamations  "u !  
impulses ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy lurk a    
?\s& antagonisms  & adv]se *ances1 l !  
unsuspect$ gulleys & rav9es &  ?ickets 9
 a wide & di/ant l&scape4 ,we "k n :at  
unexpect$  *asms may pres5tly be        
discov]$4 ,! ,op5 ,conspirator may      
realise  t he is "o ( an advanc+ &      
victori\s =ce & /ill f9d  himself       

outnumb]$ & outf\ght 9 8 own p>ticul>   
corn] ( !  battlefield4 ,no "o c yet    
e/imate ! possible /r5g? ( reaction     
aga9/ _w unification2 no "o c =esee !   
ext5t ( !  divisions & confusions t may 
arise among ourselves4 ,! ideas 9  ?is  
book may be spread ab\t )\t any s]i\s   
resi/ance 9 mo/  civilis$ c\ntries1 b   
!re are /ill gov]nm5ts "u :i* !  p]si/5t
 expression ( su* ?\ghts w be dealt ) z 
crimes &  br+ m5 & wom5 to prison1      
torm5t & dea?4 ,nev]!less !y  mu/ be    
express$4    ,:ile ! ,op5 ,conspiracy is
 no m ?an a discussion x may spread     
unoppos$ because x is disreg>d$4 ,z a   
ma9ly passive resi/ance  to milit>ism x 
may /ill be tol]able4 ,b z its k &      
exp]i5ce accumulate & its organisation  
becomes m effective &  aggressive1 z x  
beg9s to lay h&s ^u education1 ^u social
  habits1 ^u bus9ess developm5ts1 z x   
proce$s to take ov] !  organisation ( ! 
community1 x w m>%al n only its own =ces
  b its enemies4 ,a complex ( int]e/s w 
f9d !mselves re/ra9$  & ?reat5$ by x & x

 may easily evoke t mo/ dang]\s (  human
 mass feel+s1 fe>4 ,9 ways q            
unpr$ictable x may raise a  /orm aga9/  
itself beyond all our pres5t imag9+s4   
,our conception  ( an almo/ bloodless   
dom9ation ( ! ,atlantic communities may 
be  m]ely ! confid5t dream ( a ?9k] ^:  
?\ghts h yet to be  squ>ely *all5g$4    
,we are n ev5 sure ( ! common peace4    
,across ! pa? ( mank9d  ! /orm ( ano!r  
,great ,w> may break1 br++ ) x = a "t  m
 brutal repressions & va/] injuries ev5 
?an its pr$ecessor4  ,! scaffold+s &    
"w-%$s ( ! ,op5 ,conspiracy may f>e     
viol5tly 9 t tornado4 ,! re/oration (   
progress may seem an  almo/ hopeless    
/ruggle4    ,x is no "p ( ! mod]n       
religion to incur ne$less h>d%ip or  g  
out ( ! way to seek m>tyrdom4 ,if we c d
 our "w easily  & happily1 s x %\ld be  
done4 ,b ! "w is n to be %irk$  because 
x _c be done easily & happily4 ,! vision
 ( a _w at  peace & lib]at$ = an un5d+  
gr[? ( k & p[] is  wor? e dang] ( ! way4
 ,& s9ce 9 ?is age ( confusion we  mu/  

live imp]fectly & anyh[ die1 we may z   
well suff] if ne$  be1 & die = a great  
end z = none4 ,nev] has ! translation ( 
vision into realities be5 easy s9ce !   
beg9n+ ( human ef=t4  ,! e/abli%m5t ( ! 
_w community w surely exact a price--&  
:o c tell :at t price may be8--9 toil1  
suff]+ & blood4          ,*apt] ,,xvii  
,,! ,,_w ,,community      ,! new life t 
! ,op5 ,conspiracy /ruggles to a*ieve   
?r\gh  u = our race is fir/ a life (    
lib]ations4 ,! oppression (  incessant  
toil c surely be lift$ f ev]yone1 & !   
mis]ies  due to a great multitude (     
infections & disord]s ( nutrition &     
gr[? cease to be a "p ( human exp]i5ce4 
,few p are p]fectly  heal?y n[adays     
except = brief p]iods ( happ9ess1 b !   
elation  ( physical well-be+ w "s day be
 ! common lot ( mank9d4  ,& n only f    
natural evils w man be l>gely free4 ,he 
w n  be left ) 8 s\l tangl$1 haunt$ by  
mon/r\s & irrational  fe>s & a prey to  
malici\s impulse4 ,f 8 bir? he w brea!  
sweetness & g5]osity & use 8 m9d & h&s  

cleanly &  exactly4 ,he w feel bett]1 w 
bett]1 ?9k bett]1 see1 ta/e &  he> bett]
 ?an m5 d n[4 ,all ^! ?+s are pla9ly    
possible =  him4 ,!y pass out ( 8       
torm5t$ desire n[1 !y elude & mock  him1
 because *ance1 confusion & squalor rule
 8 life4 ,all ! gifts  ( de/9y are      
ov]laid & lo/ to him4 ,he mu/ /ill      
suspect & fe>4    ,)9 ! peace & fre$om  
our ,op5 ,conspiracy w w91 all ^!  good 
?+s t escape u n[ may be ensur$4 ,a     
grav] humanity1  /rong]1 m lovely1 long]
 liv$1 w le>n & develop !  ev]-enl>g+   
possibilities ( its de/9y4 ,= ! fir/ "t1
 !  full beauty ( ?is _w w be reveal$ to
 its unhurri$ eyes4  ,its ?\ghts w be to
 our ?\ghts z ! ?\ghts ( a man to !     
tr\bl$ m5tal exp]im5t+ ( a *ild4 ,& all 
! be/ ( u w  be liv+ on 9 t ampl] life1 
z ! *ild & ! ?+s x tri$  & le>nt /ill   
live 9 ! man4 ,:5 we 7 *ildr51 we c\ld n
  ?9k or feel z we ?9k & feel to-day1 b 
to-day we c pe] back  & /ill recall     
some?+ ( ! ignorances & guesses & wild  
hopes  ( ^! nigh =gott5 ye>s4 ,& s      

mank9d1 ourselves /ill liv+1  disp]s$ & 
recon/ruct$ 9 ! future1 w recall )      
affection  & und]/&+ ! desp]ate wi%es & 
tr\bl$ ef=ts ( our  pres5t /ate4    ,h[ 
c we anticipate ! habitations & ways1 ! 
usages &  adv5tures1 ! mighty           
employm5ts1 ! ev]-increas+ k &  p[] ( ! 
days to come8 ,no m ?an a *ild ) its    
scribbl+  pap] & its box ( bricks c     
picture or model ! und]tak+s  ( its     
adult ye>s4 ,our battle is ) cruelties &
 fru/rations1  /upid1 heavy & hateful   
?+s f :i* we %all escape at la/1  less l
 victors conqu]+ a _w ?an l sleep]s     
awak+ f  a nightm>e 9 ! dawn4 ,f any    
dream1 h[ev] dismal & horrible1  "o c   
escape by realis+ t x is a dream2 by    
say+1 8,i w  awake40 ,! ,op5 ,conspiracy
 is ! awak+ ( mank9d f a nightm>e  ( !  
/ruggle = exi/5ce & ! inevitability (   
w>4 ,! light  ( day ?ru/s betwe5 our    
eyelids & ! multitud9\s s\nds (  morn+  
clam\r 9 our e>s4 ,a "t w come :5 m5 w  
sit )  hi/ory be=e !m or ) "s old       
newspap] be=e !m1 & ask  incr$ul\sly1   

8,0 !re ev] su* a _w80          ,,note  
,,on ,,! ,,m>g9 ,,( ,,^! ,,blue ,,pr9ts 
,su* is ! tru? ( human possibility & our
 necessities z ,i  p]ceive x1 & t is !  
way man mu/ live if our species is to   
survive & pass on to great] de/9ies4 ,i 
set d[n ! tru? z x is  giv5 me to see x2
 = me !re c be no o!r tru?4 ,on e h&    
ab\t u all is ! d>kness ( ! unkn[n1 b ! 
light we h1  :5 we h us$ our eyes to _! 
utmo/1 mu/ be our guide4 ,because  (    
obtus5ess & prepossessions1 ,i may b run
 beside ! realities  ,i imag9e ,i       
express4 ,necess>ily reality :i* goes on
 all ov] !  univ]se & = e in/ant ( "t1  
is inf9itely m intricate  & wond]ful ?an
 any /atem5t1 teem+ ) possibilities /ill
  unsuspect$4 ,all ! m d we ne$ compass 
& map & plans to keep  our direction    
?r\gh ! jungle ( its manife/ m>vels &   
dang]s4  ,t ?is pres5tation ( ! curr5t  
phase ( human life z !  occasion = an   
,op5 ,conspiracy to e/abli% a _w        
commonweal w  seem to _m an extreme     
simplification ( our circum/ances1 %\ld 

n condemn x4 ,! value ( a map lies 9 !  
fact t x is n a  model nor a picture (  
reality b a r$uc$ ab/raction1           
suffici5tly  cle> & suffici5tly true to 
ess5tials & suffici5tly free f          
irrelevancies to guide4    ,?is s*eme to
 ?ru/ =w>d & e/abli% a human control ov]
  ! de/9ies ( life & lib]ate x f its    
pres5t dang]s1  unc]ta9ties & mis]ies1  
is (f]$ "h z an altoge!r  practicable   
"o1 subject only to "o qualification1 t 
suffici5t m5  & wom5 w be will+ to s]ve 
x4 ,t !re is no =etell+4  ,x is cle> t !
 :ole gr[? is dep5d5t ^u ! appe>ance (  
^? prim>y gr\ps1 su/a9+ & spread+ its   
fundam5tal ideas4  ,^? ideas h to become
 ! m5tal sub/ratum ( con/ructive  ef=t4 
,if ^? ideas c f9d suffici5t vigor\s1   
able & devot$  p = _! e/abli%m5t1 ! re/ 
w foll[4 ,!re is ne$  ( mu* lead]%ip1 n 
inde$ ! lead]%ip ( a s+le lead]1 =  !   
days ( spiritual mon>*ies are ov]1 nor =
 ! lead]%ip (  exagg]at$ figureheads1 b 
= ! en]getic initiatives ( _m  co-op]at+
 p]sonalities4 ,i w n speculate :]e ^!  

lead]s  are n[1 9 univ]sities1 9        
laboratories1 9 /udies1 9 factories1 9  
m9es1 9 te*nical s*ools1 b ,i h a firm  
belief t !y w  come to ! call ( our     
mighty opportunities4    ,= my g5]ation1
 ! rle ( ,john ! ,bapti/ mu/ be our     
extreme  ambition4 ,we c proclaim & make
 evid5t ! adv5t ( a new phase  ( human  
fai? & ef=t4 ,we c po9t out ! pa? x has 
be5  our lifework to discov]4 ,we h     
/ruggl$ ?r\gh ! ?\ght &  bitt] exp]i5ces
 ( our "t4 ,we h hamm]$ out our         
in/9ctive  individualism on ! anvil (   
socialism2 we h witness$ !  apocalypse (
 ! ,great ,w>2 we h be5 misl$1 we h     
/umbl$  ?r\gh dep?s ( despair1 we h     
le>nt4 8,"h10 we say1 8is :at  we h made
 ( x all4 ,"h is ! basis = a new _w40 ,9
 !  few ye>s rema9+ to u we c hope to d 
no m ?an t4 ,x  is = y to say :e!r y w  
set y\r feet 9 ?is direction  & g along 
) u & g fur!r4 ,^u y--individually &    
multitud9\sly--! future re/s4 ,"h & !re 
*ance may correct  & supplem5t ! ef=ts (
 our race & save u f ! full  p5alties ( 

our mi/akes & neglig5ces1 b sav+ !      
impact (  "s unimag9$ disa/] f out]     
space1 ! ultimate decision ( !  fate (  
life ^u ?is planet lies n[ 9 ! w ( man4 
,,! ,,end          ,transcrib]'s ,note3 
,spell+1 hyph5ation & punctuation h be5 
reta9$ z appe>s 9  ! orig9al publication
 except z foll[s3      ,page viii      (
 ! miscroscope *ang$ to      ( !        
microscope      ,page #gi      9 p[] &  
auhority w>like classes *ang$ to      9 
p[] & au?ority w>like classes      ,page
 #ih      no discrim9ation at la/ betwe5
 *ang$ to      no discrim9ation at lea/ 
betwe5      ,page #ajg      or h[ rapidy
 ! k *ang$ to      or h[ rapidly ! k    
,page #afe      z defeat = ! select]    
*ang$ to      z defeat = ! selector     
,page #bjj      mi/akes & neglig5cies   
*ang$ to      mi/akes & neglig5ces