,transcrib]'s ,note3 ,italics are enclos$ 9 und]scores4 ,additional notes w be f\nd ne> ! end ( ?is ebook4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,utopias ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,utopias ,,ideal ,,commonweal?s ,,& ,,social ,,my?s ,,by ,,lewis ,,mum=d ,) an ,introduction by ,,h5drik ,,willem ,,van ,,loon 8,a ,map ( ! ,_w t does n include ,utopia is n wor? ev5 glanc+ at44440 ,,george ,g4 ,,h>rap ,,co4 ,,ltd4 ,,london ,,calcutta ,,sydney ,publi%$ #aibc by ,,george ,g4 ,,h>rap ,,co4 ,,ltd4 #ci-da ,p>k] ,/reet1 ,k+sway1 ,london1 ,w4,c4#b ,,ackn[l$gm5ts ,! fir/ outl9e ( ?is book dates back t5 ye>s2 & s9ce !n ,i h wov5 x & rewov5 x 9 my m9d4 ,! actual "w ( composition 0 />t$ by a sugge/ion f ,mr4 ,van ,wyck ,brooks2 & )\t ,mr4 ,brooks' enc\ragem5t ,i %\ld p]haps nev] h begun or c>ri$ ?r\gh ! task4 ,! g5]al backgr\nd ( ideas has be5 heavily color$ by my contacts ) ,pr(essor ,patrick ,g$des1 ?r\gh 8 books & by correspond5ce2 & ,i owe a debt to him ,i h n always be5 able to ackn[l$ge 9 direct ref]5ce or 9 quotation m>ks4 ,i take ! opportunity "h to express ! he>ty gratitude :i* might o!rwise h be5 convey$ 9 ! m ar*aic =m ( a d$ication4 ,9 ! revision ( ! ,,ms4 ,i h be5 bless$ ) ! g5]\s advice & criticism ( a numb] ( fri5ds2 9 p>ticul>1 ,mr4 ,cl>5ce ,britt51 ,mr4 ,h]b]t ,feis1 ,mr4 ,g]oid ,rob9son1 & ,miss ,sophia ,witt5b]g1 ea* ( :om p]=m$ a unique s]vice4 ,to ,messrs4 ,victor ,bran=d & ,alex&] ,f>quh>son ( ! ,sociological ,society ( ,great ,brita9 ,i am indebt$ = _m p]t95t sugge/ions4 ,my ?anks are also due to ! editors ( ,! ,freeman = p]mission to use extracts f two articles3 ,t[>ds a ,humani/ ,syn!sis & ,beauty & ! ,picturesque4 ,f9ally1 ,mr4 ,h5drik van ,loon's fri5dly int]e/ calls = a dep>t+ beam ( gratitude4 ,,lewis ,,mum=d4 ,new ,york ,city4 ,,cont5ts ,introduction by ,h5drik ,willem van ,loon1 ,ph4,d4 ,,*apt] ,,"o ,h[ ! w-to-utopia causes m5 to live 9 two worlds1 & h[1 !re=e1 we re-read ! ,/ory ( ,utopia--! o!r half ( ! ,/ory ( ,mank9d4 #i ,,*apt] ,,two ,h[ ! ,greeks liv$ 9 a ,new ,_w1 & utopia seem$ j r\nd ! corn]4 ,h[ ,plato 9 ! ,republic is *iefly conc]n$ ) :at w hold ! ideal city toge!r4 #bg ,,*apt] ,,?ree ,h[ some?+ happ5$ to utopia betwe5 ,plato & ,sir ,?omas ,m2 & h[ utopia 0 discov]$ aga91 along ) ! ,new ,_w4 #eg ,,*apt] ,,f\r ,h[ ! new ,humanism ( ! ,r5asc5ce br+s u )9 sight ( ,*ri/ianopolis2 & h[ we h = ! fir/ "t a glimpse ( a mod]n utopia4 #gi ,,*apt] ,,five ,h[ ,bacon & ,campanella1 :o h a great reputation z utopians1 are little bett] ?an e*oes ( ! m5 :o w5t be=e !m4 #aja ,,*apt] ,,six ,h[ some?+ happ5$ 9 ! eighte5? c5tury :i* made m5 8furi\sly to ?9k10 & h[ a :ole gr\p ( utopias sprang out ( ! upturn$ soil ( indu/rialism4 #aaa ,,*apt] ,,sev5 ,h[ "s utopians h ?\ght t a good community re/$ at bottom on ! "r division & use ( l&2 & :at sort ( communities ^! l&-animals project$4 #aca ,,*apt] ,,eight ,h[ ti5ne ,cabet dream$ ( a new ,napoleon call$ ,ic>1 & a new ,france call$ ,ic>ia2 & h[ 8 utopia1 ) t :i* ,edw>d ,bellamy %[s u 9 ,look+ ,backw>d1 gives u a h9t ( :at ma*9]y might br+ u to if ! indu/rial organization 7 nationaliz$4 #adi ,,*apt] ,,n9e ,h[ ,william ,morris & ,w4 ,h4 ,hudson r5ew ! classic tradition ( utopias2 & h[1 f9ally1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells sums up & cl>ifies ! utopias ( ! pa/1 & br+s !m into contact ) ! _w ( ! pres5t4 #aga ,,*apt] ,,t5 ,h[ ! ,c\ntry ,h\se & ,coket[n became ! utopias ( ! mod]n age2 & h[ !y made ! _w ov] 9 _! image4 #aia ,,*apt] ,,elev5 ,h[ we reckon up acc\nts ) ! "o-sid$ utopias ( ! p>tisans4 #bce ,,*apt] ,,twelve ,h[ ! half-worlds mu/ g1 & h[ eutopia may come2 & :at we ne$ be=e we c build ,j]usalem 9 any gre5 & pleasant l&4 #bfe ,,bibliography #cji ,,introduction ,illu/ration ,x is a sunny day & ,i am sitt+ on ! top ( a m\nta94 ,until ?is morn+1 x _h be5 ! m\nta9 ( a fairy /ory t 0 tw5ty c5turies old4 ,n[1 x is a mighty hill & ,i c feel its w>m coat ( :ite re9de]-moss1 & if ,i 7 will+ to /ret* out my h&1 ,i c\ld pluck ! r$ b]ries t are 9 full bloom4 ,a hundr$ ye>s f n[ x w be gone4 ,= x is really a l>ge *unk ( pure iron1 dump$ by a playful ,provid5ce 9 ! v he>t ( ,lapl&4 ,d y rememb] an old tale ( ,norse my?ology8 ,h[ some:]e1 f> 9 ! nor?1 !re /ood a high peak ( iron1 :i* 0 a hundr$ miles high & a hundr$ miles wide8 ,& h[ a little bird came to x once e ?\s& ye>s to %>p5 its beak8 ,& h[1 :5 ! m\nta9 0 gone1 a s+le second ( all et]nity w\ld h pass$ by8 ,i he>d x told z a *ild4 ,i rememb]$ x always1 & ,i told x to my own boys :5 !y began to le>n hi/ory4 ,x seem$ ! inv5tion ( "s prehi/oric ,hans ,*ri/ian ,&]s54 ,x belong$ to ! imag9>y sc5]y ( our dreams4 ,! /ory has come true1 & ,i h f\nd my old m\nta9 :]e ,i lea/ expect$ x4 ,to make ! cycle ( co9cid5ce p]fect1 ?is hill 0 nam$ aft] a bird4 ,! ,lapp1 ) a f9e s5se ( s\nd1 call$ ! pt>migan 8,kiru40 ,kirunava>a no long] he>s ! %rill 8kiru-kiru0 ( ris+ birds4 ,twice a day x li/5s to ! t]rific detonation ( half a hundr$ *>ges ( dynamite4 ,!n x is %ak5 by ! little tra9s :i* c>ry ! rock to ! valley4 ,9 ! ev5+1 x sees ! lights ( ! l>ge electric eng9es :i* hoi/ ! valuable metal across ! arctic wild]ness ( ,lake ,tornotrask4 ,two mon?s lat]1 ! ore has be5 melt$ & work$ into ^? mod]n articles ( trade :i* g by ! "n ( bridges & automobiles & %ips & ap>tm5t h\ses & a ?\s& o!r ?+s :i* once promis$ to elevate man f ! ranks ( ! bea/s ( burd54 ,:at has become ( t promise1 ! survivors ( ! la/ eight ye>s "k ) great if gruesome accuracy4 ,ev5 ! humble ,lapp has he>d ( ! great upheaval1 & has ask$ :y ! :ite p %\ld kill ea* o!r :5 ! :ole _w 0 full ( re9de] & :5 ,god has giv5 u ! hills & ! pla9s s t =ev] !re %\ld be food en\gh = ! long days ( summ] & ! long] nights ( ! endless w9t]4 ,illu/ration ,b ! ways ( ! ,lapp are n ! ways ( ! :ite man4 ,^! simple foll[]s ( a pure & mu* undilut$ nature foll[ ! ev5 t5or ( _! ways z _! ance/ors did1 five & t5 ?\s& ye>s ago4 ,we1 on ! o!r h&1 h our eng9es & we h our railroad tra9s & we h our factories & we _c get rid ( ^! iron s]vants )\t de/roy+ ! v basis ( our civilization4 ,we may hate ^! unga9ly companions1 b we ne$ !m4 ,9 "t to come1 we %all "k h[ to be _! ma/]s4 ,!n ,plato %all give u a revis$ ,republic :]e all ! h\ses are heat$ by /eam & :]e all ! di%es are wa%$ by electricity4 ,we are n suff]+ f too mu* ma*9]y1 b f too little4 ,= let !re be en\gh iron s]vants & m ( u %all be able to sit on ! tops ( m\nta9s & />e into ! blue sky & wa/e valuable h\rs1 imag9+ ! ?+s t ought to be4 ,! ,old ,te/am5t us$ to call su* p prophets4 ,!y rais$ /range cities ( _! he>ts' delight1 :i* %\ld be bas$ exclusively ^u righte\sness & piety4 ,b ! greate/ ( all _! prophets ! ,jews kill$ to make a ,roman holiday4 ,! ,greeks knew su* wise m5 z philosoph]s4 ,!y all[$ !m great fre$om & rejoic$ 9 ! ma!matical precision ) :i* _! intellectual lead]s mapp$ out ^? !oretical roads :i* 7 to lead mank9d f *aos to an ord]$ /ate ( society4 ,! ,middle ,ages insi/$ ) n>r[ p]si/5ce ^u ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 z ! only possible /&>d = a dec5t ,*ri/ian ,utopia4 ,!y cru%$ all ^? :o d>$ to "q ! positive exi/5ce ( su* a future /ate ( glory & cont5t4 ,!y built x ( /one & preci\s metals1 b neglect$ ! spiritual fundam5t4 ,illu/ration ,& s x p]i%$4 ,! sixte5? & sev5te5? c5turies f\ght _m bitt] w>s to decide ! exact nature ( a :itewa%$ ,p>adise1 erect$ ^u ! crumbl+ ru9s ( ! m$ival *ur*4 ,! eighte5? c5tury saw ! ,promis$ ,l& ly+ j across ! t]rible bulw>k ( /upidity & sup]/ition1 :i* a ?\s& ye>s ( cl]ical selfi%ness _h erect$ = its own protection & safety4 ,!re foll[$ a mighty battle to cru% ! infamy ( ignorance & br+ ab\t an era ( well-balanc$ reason4 ,un=tunately1 a few en?usia/s c>ri$ ! matt] a trifle too f>4 ,napoleon1 reali/-9-*ief ( all "t1 br\ght ! _w back to ! common gr\nd ( solid facts4 ,our own g5]ation drew ! logical conclusion ( ! ,napoleonic premises4 ,behold ! map ( ,europe & see h[ well we h wr\ght4 ,= alas6 ?is _w ne$s ,utopias z x ne$s fairy /ories4 ,x does n matt] s mu* :]e we are go+1 z long z we are mak+ consci\sly = "s def9ite goal4 ,& a ,utopia1 h[ev] /range or fanciful1 is ! only possible beacon ^u ! un*>t$ seas ( ! di/ant future4 ,illu/ration ,x enc\rages u 9 our ef=ts4 ,sometimes ! light is hidd5 by ! cl\ds & = a mom5t we may lose our way4 ,!n ! fa9t light once m breaks ?r\gh ! d>kness & we press =w>d ) new c\rage4 ,& :5 life is dull & mean+less 7! ma9 curse ( all exi/5ce7 we f9d consolation 9 ! fact t a hundr$ ye>s f n[1 our *ildr5 %all rea* ! %ore = :i* we 7 b\nd :5 we ourselves left ! bridge & 7 l[]$ to ! peaceful bottom ( ! ocean4 ,illu/ration ,& n[ ! sun has gone d[n & a *ill w9d bl[s f ,kebnekajse1 :]e ! wild geese ( little ,nils ,holg]son live amid/ ! endless sil5ce ( ! et]nal sn[4 ,soon ! top %all be hidd5 9 ! mi/ & ,i %all h to f9d my way back by ! noise ( ! /eam %ovels1 ply+ _! elephant9e trade at ! foot ( ! fir/ t]race4 ,! m\nta9 ( my fairy /ory once m w be ! pr(itable inve/m5t ( a ,company ( ,iron-mong]s4 ,b t does n matt]4 ,lewis ,mum=d1 = :om ,i am writ+ ?is1 w und]/& :at ,i mean4 ,& ,i %all be cont5t4 ,illu/ration3 ,h5drik ,willem van ,loon ,kiruna1 ,lapl&1 #ad ,sept41 #aibb4 ,,*apt] ,,"o ,h[ ! w-to-utopia causes m5 to live 9 two worlds1 & h[1 !re=e1 we re-read ! ,/ory ( ,utopias--! o!r half ( ! ,/ory ( ,mank9d4 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,utopias ,,*apt] ,,"o #a ,utopia has long be5 ano!r "n = ! unreal & ! impossible4 ,we h set utopia ov] aga9/ ! _w4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x is our utopias t make ! _w tol]able to u3 ! cities & mansions t p dream ( are ^? 9 :i* !y f9ally live4 ,! m t m5 react ^u _! environm5t & make x ov] aft] a human patt]n1 ! m cont9u\sly d !y live 9 utopia2 b :5 !re is a brea* betwe5 ! _w ( affairs & ! ov]world ( utopia1 we become consci\s ( ! "p t ! w-to-utopia has play$ 9 our lives1 & we see our utopia z a sep>ate reality4 ,x is ! sep>ate reality ( utopia t we are go+ to explore 9 ! c\rse ( ?is book--,utopia z a _w by itself1 divid$ into ideal commonweal?s1 ) all its communities clu/]$ into pr\d cities1 aim+ bravely at ! good life4 ,?is discussion ( ideal commonweal?s gets its =m & its color f ! "t 9 :i* x is writt54 ,plato's ,republic dates f ! p]iod ( social dis9tegration :i* foll[$ ! ,peloponnesian ,w>2 & "s ( its mordant c\rage is probably d]iv$ f ! hopelessness ( conditions t came "u ,plato's eye4 ,x 0 9 ! mid/ ( a simil> p]iod ( disord] & viol5ce t ,sir ,?omas ,m laid ! f\ndations = 8 imag9>y commonweal?3 ,utopia 0 ! bridge by :i* he s\ght to span ! gap betwe5 ! old ord] ( ! ,middle ,age1 & ! new int]e/s & in/itutions ( ! ,r5asc5ce4 ,9 pres5t+ ?is hi/ory & criticism ( utopias we are p]haps be+ pull$ by ! same int]e/s t l$ ,plato & ,m onw>ds1 = x is only aft] ! /orm t we d>e to look = ! ra9b[4 ,our fall into a *asm ( disillusion has /imulat$ u to discuss 9 a m ?or\gh way ! ultimate goods1 ! basic aims1 ! :ole conception ( ! 8good life0 by :i*1 9 mod]n times1 we h be5 guid$4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! tepid & half-he>t$ discussions t cont9ue to arise out ( prohibition laws & /rikes & 8peace0 conf]5ces let u break 9 ) ! injunction to talk ab\t fundam5tals--consid] ,utopia6 #b ,man walks ) 8 feet on ! gr\nd & 8 head 9 ! air2 & ! hi/ory ( :at has happ5$ on e>?--! hi/ory ( cities & armies & ( all ! ?+s t h _h body & =m--is only "o-half ! ,/ory ( ,mank9d4 ,9 e age1 ! ext]nal sc5]y 9 :i* ! human drama has be5 fram$ has rema9$ pretty mu* ! same4 ,!re h be5 fluctuations 9 climate & *anges 9 t]ra92 & at times a great civilization1 l t ( ! ,mayas 9 ,c5tral ,am]ica1 has aris5 :]e n[ only a ?ick net ( jungle rema9s2 b ! hills ar\nd ,j]usalem are ! hills t ,david saw2 & dur+ ! hi/oric p]iod ! dr[n+ ( a city 9 ! ,ne!rl&s or ! rise ( a %ift+ bank ( real e/ate along ! coa/ ( ,new ,j]sey is little m ?an ! we>+ (f ( ! pa9t or a crack 9 ! pla/]4 ,:at we call ! mat]ial _w con/antly *anges1 x goes )\t say+3 m\nta9s are /ript ( trees & become wa/es1 des]ts are pl[$ ) wat] & become g>d5s4 ,! ma9 outl9es1 h[ev]1 hold _! own rem>kably well2 & we c\ld h travell$ bett] 9 ,roman days ) a mod]n map ?an ) ! be/ *>t ,ptolemy c\ld h (f]$ u4 ,if ! _w 9 :i* m5 live 7 ! _w z x is kn[n to ! physical geograph]1 we %\ld h a pretty simple "t ( x4 ,we might foll[ ,:itman's advice1 & live z ! animals1 & /op :9+ = all "t ab\t our s9s & imp]fections4 ,:at makes human hi/ory su* an unc]ta9 & fasc9at+ /ory is t man lives 9 two worlds--! _w )9 & ! _w )\t--& ! _w )9 m5's heads has und]gone trans=mations :i* h dis9tegrat$ mat]ial ?+s ) ! p[] & rapidity ( radium4 ,i %all take ! lib]ty ( call+ ?is inn] _w our idolum 7idolum7 or _w ( ideas4 ,! ^w 8ideas0 is n us$ "h precisely 9 ! ord9>y s5se4 ,i use x r to /& = :at ! philosoph]s w\ld call ! subjective _w1 :at ! !ologians w\ld p]haps call ! spiritual _w2 & ,i mean to include 9 x all ! philosophies1 fantasies1 rationalizations1 projections1 images1 & op9ions 9 t]ms ( :i* p patt]n _! behavior4 ,?is _w ( ideas1 9 ! case ( sci5tific tru?s1 = example1 sometimes has a r\gh correspond5ce ) :at p call ! _w2 b x is important to note t x has cont\rs ( its own :i* are q indep5d5t ( ! mat]ial environm5t4 ,n[ ! physical _w is a def9ite1 inescapable ?+4 ,its limits are n>r[ & obvi\s4 ,on occasion1 if y\r impulse is suffici5tly /rong1 y c leave ! l& = ! sea1 or g f a w>m climate into a cool "o2 b y _c cut y\rself (f f ! physical environm5t )\t t]m9at+ y\r life4 ,= good or ill1 y mu/ brea! air1 eat food1 dr9k wat]2 & ! p5alties = refus+ to meet ^! conditions are inexorable4 ,only a lunatic w\ld refuse to recognize ?is physical environm5t2 x is ! sub/ratum ( our daily lives4 ,b if ! physical environm5t is ! e>?1 ! _w ( ideas corresponds to ! heav5s4 ,we sleep "u ! light ( />s t h long s9ce ceas$ to exi/1 & we patt]n our behavior by ideas :i* h no reality z soon z we cease to cr$it !m4 ,:il/ x holds toge!r ?is _w ( ideas--?is idolum--is almo/ z s\nd1 almo/ z real1 almo/ z inescapable z ! bricks ( our h\ses or ! asphalt b5ea? our feet4 ,! 8belief0 t ! _w 0 flat 0 once ^u a "t m important ?an ! 8fact0 t x 0 r\nd2 & t belief kept ! sailors ( ! m$ieval _w f w&]+ out ( sight ( l& z effectively z w\ld a /r+ ( gun-boats or float+ m9es4 ,an idea is a solid fact1 a !ory is a solid fact1 a sup]/ition is a solid fact z long z p cont9ue to regulate _! actions 9 t]ms ( ! idea1 !ory1 or sup]/ition2 & x is none ! less solid because x is convey$ z an image or a brea? ( s\nd4 #c ,?is _w ( ideas s]ves _m purposes4 ,two ( !m be> heavily ^u our inve/igation ( utopia4 ,on "o h& ! pseudo-environm5t or idolum is a sub/itute = ! ext]nal _w2 x is a sort ( h\se ( refuge to :i* we flee :5 our contacts ) 8h>d facts0 become too complicat$ to c>ry ?r\gh or too r\gh to face4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x is by means ( ! idolum t ! facts ( ! ev]yday _w are br\ght toge!r & assort$ & sift$1 & a new sort ( reality is project$ back aga9 ^u ! ext]nal _w4 ,"o ( ^! functions is escape or comp5sation2 x seeks an imm$iate release f ! difficulties or fru/rations ( our lot4 ,! o!r attempts to provide a condition = our release 9 ! future4 ,! utopias t correspond to ^! two functions ,i %all call ! utopias ( escape & ! utopias ( recon/ruction4 ,! fir/ leaves ! ext]nal _w ! way x is2 ! second seeks to *ange x s t "o may h int]c\rse ) x on "o's own t]ms4 ,9 "o we build impossible ca/les 9 ! air2 9 ! o!r we consult a surveyor & an ar*itect & a mason & proce$ to build a h\se :i* meets our ess5tial ne$s2 z well z h\ses made ( /one & mort> are capable ( meet+ !m4 #d ,:y1 h[ev]1 %\ld we f9d x necess>y to talk ab\t utopia & ! _w ( ideas at all8 ,:y %\ld we n re/ secure 9 ! bosom ( ! mat]ial environm5t1 )\t fly+ (f into a region app>5tly beyond space & "t8 ,well1 ! alt]native be=e u is n :e!r we %all live 9 ! real _w or dream away our "t 9 utopia2 = m5 are s con/itut$ t only by a delib]ate discipl9e--su* z t foll[$ by a ,h9du ascetic or an ,am]ican bus9ess man--c "o or ! o!r _w be aboli%$ f consci\sness4 ,! g5u9e alt]native = mo/ ( u is t betwe5 an aimless utopia ( escape & a purposive utopia ( recon/ruction4 ,"o way or ! o!r1 x seems1 9 a _w s full ( fru/rations z ! 8real0 "o1 we mu/ sp5d a good "p ( our m5tal lives 9 utopia4 ,nev]!less ?is ne$s a qualification4 ,x is pla9 t c]ta9 types ( p h no ne$ = private utopias & t c]ta9 communities seem to be )\t !m4 ,! savages ( ! ,m>quesas :om ,h]mann ,melville describ$ seem to h _h su* a jolly & complete adju/m5t to _! environm5t t1 except = ! raids ( ho/ile tribes--& ?is turn$ out to be *iefly sport :i* only :ett$ _! appetites = ! fea/ t foll[$--ev]y?+ ne$$ = a good life at ! ,s\? ,sea level c\ld be obta9$ by direct attack4 ,! ,m>quesans _h no ne$ to dream ( a happi] exi/5ce2 !y _h only to grab x4 ,at times1 dur+ *ildhood p]haps1 life has ! same sort ( complet5ess2 & )\t d\bt !re are _m mature p :o h manufactur$ out ( _! limitations a pretty adequate response to a n>r[ environm5t2 & h let x g at t4 ,su* p feel no ne$ = utopia4 ,z long z !y c keep _! contacts re/rict$1 only a delib]ate raid f ! outside _w w\ld create su* a ne$4 ,!y are l ! sick man 9 ! p>able ( ! ,p]sian poet1 ^: only desire 0 t he might desire some?+2 & !re is no p>ticul> reason to envy !m4 ,p :o w n v5ture out into ! op5 sea pay ! p5alty ( nev] hav+ look$ into ! bright eyes ( dang]2 & at be/ !y "k b half ( life4 ,:at su* folk might call ! good life is simply n good en\gh4 ,we _c be satisfi$ ) a segm5t ( exi/5ce1 no matt] h[ safely we may be adju/$ to x1 :5 ) a little ef=t we c trace ! complete circle4 ,b !re h be5 few regions1 few social ord]s1 & few p 9 :i* ! adju/m5t has n be5 incomplete4 ,9 ! face ( p]petual difficulties & ob/ructions--! w9d & ! wea!r & ! impulses ( o!r m5 & cu/oms t h long outliv$ _! use--!re are ?ree ways1 r\ghly1 9 :i* a man may react4 ,he may run away4 ,he may try to hold 8 own4 ,he may attack4 ,look+ ar\nd at our contempor>ies :o h surviv$ ! w>1 x is fairly evid5t t mo/ ( !m are 9 ! fir/ /age ( panic & despair4 ,9 an int]e/+ article on ,! ,dn\em5t ( ,nihilism1 ,mr4 ,edw>d ,t[ns5d ,boo? *>act]iz$ ! g5]ation born 9 ! late eighties z suff]+ a complete p>alysis ( w1 or else1 8if any initiative rema9s to !m1 !y emigrate to ,europe or ! ,s\? ,sea ,isl&s1 or crawl (f into "s quiet corn] ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates--b mo/ ( !m cont9ue :]e !y 7 /rick5 9 a /ate ( liv+ dea?40 ,speak+ m g5]ally1 runn+ away does n always mean a physical escape1 nor does an 8attack0 necess>ily mean do+ some?+ practical 8on ! spot40 ,let u use ,dr4 ,john ,dewey's illu/ration & suppose t a man is d5i$ int]c\rse ) 8 fri5ds at a di/ance4 ,"o k9d ( reaction is = him to 8imag9e0 meet+ 8 fri5ds1 & go+ ?r\gh1 9 fantasy1 a :ole ritual ( meet+1 rep>tee1 & discussion4 ,! o!r k9d ( reaction1 z ,dr4 ,dewey says1 is to see :at conditions mu/ be met 9 ord] to cem5t di/ant fri5ds1 & !n inv5t ! telephone4 ,! s-call$ extrov]t1 ! type ( man :o has no ne$ = utopias1 w satisfy 8 desire by talk+ to ! ne>e/ human be+4 78,he may try to hold 8 own407 ,b x is fairly pla9 t ! extrov]t1 f ! v weakness & incon/ancy ( 8 aims1 is incapable ( contribut+ any?+ b 8good nature0 to ! good life ( ! community2 & 9 8 h&s bo? art & inv5tion w\ld probably come to an end4 ,n[ putt+ aside ! extrov]t1 we f9d t ! two rema9+ types ( reaction h express$ !mselves 9 all ! hi/oric utopias4 ,x is p]haps well t we %\ld see !m fir/ 9 _! normal1 ev]yday sett+1 be=e we set out to explore ! ideal commonweal?s ( ! pa/4 ,m or less1 we h all _h glimpses ( ! utopia ( escape3 x is rais$ & x collapses & x is built up aga9 almo/ daily4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ! clank+ ma*9]y ( a pap] factory ,i h come across a mov+ picture actress's portrait1 /uck ^u an inop]ative "p ( ! ma*9e2 & x 0 n h>d to recon/ruct ! private utopia ( ! wret* :o m9d$ ! lev]s1 or to picture ! _w into :i* he _h fl$ f ! ro> & ?rob & muck ( ! ma*9]y ab\t him4 ,:at man has n _h ?is utopia f ! dawn ( adolesc5ce onw>ds--! desire to possess & be possess$ by a beautiful woman8 ,p]haps = ! great majority ( m5 & wom5 t small1 private ,utopia is ! only "o = :i* !y feel a p]petual1 w>m int]e/2 & ultimately e o!r utopia mu/ be translatable to !m 9 "s su* intimate t]ms4 ,_! conduct w\ld tell u z mu* if _! words did n confess x4 ,!y leave _! bleak (fice build+s & _! grimy factories1 & night aft] night !y p\r into ! c9ema !at] 9 ord] t !y may live = a :ile 9 a l& populat$ by beautiful1 flirtati\s wom5 & t5d]1 lu/y m54 ,small wond] t ! great & p[]ful religion f\nd$ by ,mahomet puts t utopia 9 ! v =egr\nd ( ! h]eaft]6 ,9 a s5se1 ?is is ! mo/ elem5t>y ( utopias2 =1 on ! int]pretation ( ! analytical psy*ologi/1 x c>ries ) x ! deep long+ to return to & rema9 at re/ 9 ! "m's womb--! "o p]fect environm5t :i* all ! ma*9]y & legislation ( an eag] _w has nev] be5 able to reproduce4 ,9 its mo/ elem5tal /ate1 ?is utopia ( escape calls = a complete brea* ) ! but*]1 ! bak]1 ! groc]1 & ! real1 limit$1 imp]fect p t flutt] ar\nd u4 ,9 ord] to make x m p]fect1 we elim9ate ! but*] & bak] & transport ourselves to a self-suffici5t isl& 9 ! ,s\? ,seas4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 ( c\rse1 ?is is an idle dream1 & if we d n gr[ out ( x1 we mu/ at any rate ?ru/ o!r conditions into x2 b = a good _m ( u1 idl5ess )\t a dream is ! only alt]native4 ,out ( su* fantasies ( bliss & p]fection1 :i* d n endure 9 real life ev5 :5 !y occasionally bloom into exi/5ce1 our art & lit]ature h v l>gely gr[n4 ,x is h>d to conceive ( a social ord] s complete & satisfactory t x w\ld rob u ( ! necessity ( hav+ rec\rse1 f "t to "t1 to an imag9>y _w 9 :i* our suff]+s c\ld be purg$ or our delights height5$4 ,ev5 9 ! great idyll pa9t$ by ,william ,morris1 wom5 are fickle & lov]s are disappo9t$2 & :5 ! 8real0 _w becomes a little too h>d & too sull5 to face1 we mu/ take refuge1 if we are to recov] our balance1 into ano!r _w :i* responds m p]fectly to our deep] int]e/s & desires--! _w ( lit]ature4 ,once we h wea!r$ ! /orm1 x is dang]\s to rema9 9 ! utopia ( escape2 = x is an en*ant$ isl&1 & to rema9 !re is to lose "o's capacity = deal+ ) ?+s z !y are4 ,! girl :o has felt ,pr9ce ,*>m+'s c>esses too long w be repuls$ by ! clumsy embraces ( ! "y man :o takes h] to ! !at] & wond]s h[ ! deuce he is go+ to pay ! r5t if !y sp5d m ?an a week on _! honeymoon4 ,moreov]1 life is too easy 9 ! utopia ( escape1 & too blankly p]fect--!re is no?+ to %>p5 y\r tee? ^u4 ,x is n = ?is t m5 h gone into ! jungle to hunt bea/s & h cajol$ ! grasses & roots to be prolific1 & h defi$1 9 little op5 boats1 ! t]ror ( ! w9d & sea4 ,our daily diet mu/ h m r\ghage 9 x ?an ^! daydreams w give u if we are n to become debilitat$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( our j\rney into utopia we %all rema9 a little :ile 9 ^! utopias ( escape2 b we %all n bide !re long4 ,!re are pl5ty ( !m1 & !y dot ! wat]s ( our imag9>y _w z ! isl&s t ,ulysses visit$ dott$ ! gean ,sea4 ,^! utopias h[ev] belong to ! dep>tm5t ( pure lit]ature1 & 9 t dep>tm5t !y occupy b a m9or place4 ,we c\ld disp5se ) ! :ole lot ( !m1 bag & baggage1 9 ex*ange = ano!r ,anna ,k>59 or ,! ,bro!rs ,k>amazov4 #e ,! second k9d ( utopia :i* we %all enc\nt] is ! utopia ( recon/ruction4 ,! fir/ species repres5ts1 ! analytical psy*ologi/ w\ld tell u1 a v primitive k9d ( ?9k+1 9 :i* we foll[ ! direction ( our desires )\t tak+ into acc\nt any ( ! limit+ conditions :i* we %\ld h to confront if we came back to e>? & tri$ to realize our wi%es 9 practical affairs4 ,x is a vague & messy & logically inconsequ5t s]ies ( images :i* color up & fade1 :i* excite u & leave u cold1 & :i*--= ! sake ( ! respect our neighbors h = our ability to add a l$g] or plane a piece ( wood--we _h bett] conf9e to ! /range box ( records we call our bra94 ,! second type ( utopia may likewise be color$ by primitive desires & wi%es2 b ^! desires & wi%es h come to reckon ) ! _w 9 :i* !y seek realization4 ,! utopia ( recon/ruction is :at its "n implies3 a vision ( a recon/itut$ environm5t :i* is bett] adapt$ to ! nature & aims ( ! human be+s :o dwell )9 x ?an ! actual "o2 & n m]ely bett] adapt$ to _! actual nature1 b bett] fitt$ to _! possible developm5ts4 ,if ! fir/ utopia leads backw>d into ! utopian's ego1 ! second leads outw>d--outw>d into ! _w4 ,by a recon/ruct$ environm5t ,i d n mean m]ely a physical ?+4 ,i mean1 9 addition1 a new set ( habits1 a fre% scale ( values1 a diff]5t net ( relation%ips & in/itutions1 & possibly--= almo/ all utopias emphasize ! factor ( bre$+--an alt]ation ( ! physical & m5tal *>act]i/ics ( ! p *os51 ?r\gh education1 biological selection1 & s =?4 ,! recon/ruct$ environm5t :i* all ! g5u9e utopians seek to contrive is a recon/ruction ( bo? ! physical _w & ! idolum4 ,x is 9 ?is t ! utopian di/+ui%es himself f ! practical inv5tor & ! indu/riali/4 ,e attempt t has be5 made to dome/icate animals1 cultivate plants1 dr$ge riv]s1 dig dit*es1 & 9 mod]n times1 apply ! en]gy ( ! sun to me*anical in/rum5ts1 has be5 an ef=t to recon/ruct ! environm5t2 & 9 _m cases ! human advantage has be5 pla94 ,x is n = ! utopian to despise ,prome!us :o br\ght ! fire or ,frankl9 :o captur$ ! lightn+4 ,z ,anatole ,france says3 8,)\t ! ,utopians ( o!r times1 m5 w\ld /ill live 9 caves1 mis]able & nak$4 ,x 0 ,utopians :o trac$ ! l9es ( ! fir/ city4444 ,out ( g5]\s dreams come b5eficial realities4 ,utopia is ! pr9ciple ( all progress1 & ! essay into a bett] future40 ,our physical recon/ructions h[ev] h be5 limit$2 !y h t\*$ *iefly ! surfaces ( ?+s4 ,! result is t p live 9 a mod]n physical environm5t & c>ry 9 _! m9ds an odd assortm5t ( spiritual relics f almo/ e o!r age1 f t ( ! primitive1 taboo-ridd5 savage1 to ! en]getic ,victorian disciples ( ,gradgr9d & ,b\nd]by4 ,z ,mr4 ,h5drik van ,loon pi?ily says3 8,a human be+ ) ! m9d ( a sixte5? c5tury tradesman driv+ a #aiba ,rolls-,royce is /ill a human be+ ) ! m9d ( a sixte5? c5tury tradesman40 ,! problem is fundam5tally a human problem4 ,! m completely man is 9 control ( physical nature1 ! m urg5tly we mu/ ask ourselves :at "u ! heav5s is to move & guide & keep 9 h& ! controll]4 ,?is problem ( an ideal1 a goal1 an end--ev5 if ! aim p]si/ 9 %ift+ z mu* z ! magnetic nor? pole--is a fundam5tal "o to ! utopian4 ,except 9 ! writ+s ( ! utopians1 & ?is is an important po9t to notice 9 our travels ?r\gh utopia1 ! recon/ruction ( ! mat]ial environm5t & ! recon/itution ( ! m5tal framework ( ! creatures :o inhabit x1 h be5 kept 9 two diff]5t comp>tm5ts4 ,"o comp>tm5t is suppos$ to belong to ! practical man2 ! o!r to ! ideali/4 ,! fir/ 0 some?+ ^: aims c\ld be realiz$ 9 ! ,"h & ,n[2 ! o!r 0 po/pon$ v l>gely to ! sweet by-&-bye4 ,nei!r ! practical man nor ! ideali/ has be5 will+ to admit t he has be5 deal+ ) a s+le problem2 t ea* has be5 treat+ ! faces ( a s+le ?+ z if !y 7 sep>ate4 ,"h is :]e ! utopia ( recon/ruction w9s h&s d[n4 ,x n m]ely pictures a :ole _w1 b x faces e "p ( x at ! same "t4 ,we %all n exam9e ! classic utopias )\t becom+ consci\s ( _! weaknesses1 _! sometimes di/urb+ idiosyncrasies4 ,x is important at pres5t t we %\ld realize _! virtues2 & %\ld />t on our j\rney )\t ! feel+ ( disp>agem5t :i* ! ^w utopian usually calls up 9 m9ds t h be5 s$uc$ by ,macaulay's sne] t he w\ld r h an acre 9 ,middlesex ?an a pr9cipality 9 utopia4 #f ,f9ally1 be conv9c$ ab\t ! reality ( utopia4 ,all t has happ5$ 9 :at we call human hi/ory--unless x has left a build+ or a book or "s o!r record ( itself--is j z remote & 9 a s5se j z my?ical z ! my/]i\s isl& :i* ,raphael ,hy?loday1 s*ol> & sailor1 describ$ to ,sir ,?omas ,m4 ,a good "p ( human hi/ory is ev5 m insub/antial3 ! ,ic>ians :o liv$ only 9 ! m9d ( ti5ne ,cabet1 or ! ,freel&]s :o dwelt )9 ! imag9ation ( a dry little ,au/rian economi/1 h _h m influ5ce ^u ! lives ( our contempor>ies ?an ! ,etruscan p :o once dwelt 9 ,italy1 al?\gh ! ,etruscans belong to :at we call ! real _w1 & ! ,freel&]s & ,ic>ians inhabit$--,n[h]e4 ,n[h]e may be an imag9>y c\ntry1 b ,news f ,n[h]e is real news4 ,! _w ( ideas1 beliefs1 fantasies1 projections1 is 7,i mu/ emphasize aga97 j z real :il/ x is act$ ^u z ! po/ :i* ,dr4 ,johnson kick$ 9 ord] to demon/rate t x 0 solid4 ,! man :o :olly respects ! rights ( prop]ty is kept out ( 8 neighbor's field p]haps ev5 m effectively ?an ! man :o is m]ely =bidd5 entrance by a no-trespass sign4 ,9 sum1 we _c ignore our utopias4 ,!y exi/ 9 ! same way t nor? & s\? exi/2 if we are n famili> ) _! classical /atem5ts we at lea/ "k !m z !y spr+ to life ea* day 9 our own m9ds4 ,we c nev] rea* ! po9ts ( ! compass2 & s no d\bt we %all nev] live 9 utopia2 b )\t ! magnetic ne$le we %\ld n be able to travel intellig5tly at all4 ,x is absurd to dispose ( utopia by say+ t x exi/s only on pap]4 ,! answ] to ?is is3 precisely ! same ?+ may be said ( ! ar*itect's plans = a h\se1 & h\ses are none ! worse = x4 ,we mu/ lose our s5se ( remot5ess & sev]ity 9 sett+ out on ?is exploration ( ideal commonweal?s1 z "s ( ! f9e m9ds ( ! pa/ h pictur$ !m4 ,our ideals are n some?+ t we c set ap>t f ! ma9 facts ( our exi/5ce1 z our gr&mo!rs sometimes set ! cold1 bleak1 & usually moldy p>lor ap>t f ! liv+ rooms ( ! h\se3 on ! contr>y1 ! ?+s we dream ( t5d consci\sly or unconsci\sly to "w !mselves out 9 ! patt]n ( our daily lives4 ,our utopias are j z human & w>m & jolly z ! _w out ( :i* !y are born4 ,look+ out f ! top ( a high t5em5t1 ov] ! h\setops ( ,manhattan1 ,i c see a pale t[] ) its gold5 p9nacle gleam+ ?r\gh ! s(t morn+ haze2 & = a mom5t all ! h>% & ugly l9es 9 ! l&scape h disappe>$4 ,s 9 look+ at our utopias4 ,we ne$ n ab&on ! real _w 9 ord] to ent] ^! realizable worlds2 = x is out ( ! fir/ t ! second are always com+4 ,f9ally1 an anticipation & a w>n+4 ,9 our j\rney ?r\gh ! utopias ( ! pa/ we %all n re/ cont5t :5 we h trav]s$ ! :ole t]ritory betwe5 ,plato & ! late/ mod]n writ]4 ,if ! /ory ( utopia ?r[s any light ^u ! /ory ( mank9d x is ?is3 our utopias h be5 pitifully weak & inadequate2 & if !y h n ex]cis$ en\gh practical influ5ce ^u ! c\rse ( affairs1 x is because1 z ,viola ,paget says 9 ,gospels ( ,an>*y1 !y 7 simply n good en\gh4 ,we travel ?r\gh utopia only 9 ord] to get beyond utopia3 if we leave ! doma9s ( hi/ory :5 we ent] ! gates ( ,plato's ,republic1 we d s 9 ord] to re-ent] m effectively ! du/y midday traffic ( ! contempor>y _w4 ,s our /udy ( ! classic utopias w be foll[$ by an exam9ation ( c]ta9 social my?s & p>tial utopias t h play$ an important "p 9 ! affairs ( ! ,we/]n ,_w dur+ ! la/ few c5turies4 ,9 ! end1 ,i promise1 ,i %all make no attempt to pres5t ano!r utopia2 x w be en\gh to survey ! f\ndations ^u :i* o!rs may build4 ,9 ! mean:ile1 our %ip is ab\t to set sail2 & we %all n heave an*or aga9 until we rea* ! coa/s ( ,utopia4 ,,*apt] ,,two ,h[ ! ,greeks liv$ 9 a ,new ,_w1 & utopia seem$ j r\nd ! corn]4 ,h[ ,plato1 9 ! ,republic1 is *iefly conc]n$ ) :at w hold ! ideal city toge!r4 ,,*apt] ,,two #a ,be=e ! great empires ( ,rome & ,mac$onia began to spread _! camps ?r\gh ! l5g? & bread? ( ! ,m$it]ranean _w1 !re 0 a "t :5 ! vision ( an ideal city seems to h be5 upp]mo/ 9 ! m9ds ( a good _m m54 ,j z ! wide expanse ( unsettl$ t]ritory 9 ,am]ica caus$ ! p ( eighte5? c5tury ,europe to ?9k ( build+ a civilization 9 :i* ! errors & vices & sup]/itions ( ! old _w might be left beh9d1 s ! sp>sely settl$ coa/s ( ,italy1 ,sicily1 & ! gean ,isl&s1 & ! %ores ( ! ,black ,sea1 mu/ h giv5 m5 ! hope ( be+ able to turn ov] a fre% page4 ,^? ye>s betwe5 six hundr$ & ?ree hundr$ ,b4,c4 7 city-build+ ye>s = ! p>5t cities ( ,greece4 ,! city ( ,miletus is suppos$ to h begott5 "s ?ree hundr$ cities1 & _m ( its fell[s 7 possibly n less fruitful4 ,s9ce new cities c\ld be f\nd$ !re 0 pl5ty ( *ance = v>iation & exp]im5t2 & ^? :o dream$ ( a m1 g5]\s social ord] c\ld set _! h&s & wits to mak+ a bett] />t 8f ! bottom up40 ,( all ! plans & recon/ruction programs t mu/ h be5 put =w>d dur+ ^! c5turies1 only a scant h&ful rema9s4 ,ari/otle tells u ab\t an ideal /ate design$ by "o1 ,phaleas1 :o believ$ l ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,%aw 9 a complete equality ( prop]ty2 & f ,ari/otle1 too1 we le>n ( ano!r utopia :i* 0 describ$ by ! great ar*itect1 city plann]1 & sociologi/--,hippodamus4 ,hippodamus 0 "o ( ! fir/ city plann]s kn[n to hi/ory1 & he a*iev$ fame 9 ! anci5t _w by design+ cities on ! some:at monoton\s *eck]bo>d design we "k s well 9 ,am]ica4 ,he realiz$1 app>5tly1 t a city 0 some?+ m ?an a collection ( h\ses1 /reets1 m>kets1 & temples2 & s1 :il/ he 0 putt+ ! physical t[n to rights1 he conc]n$ himself ) ! m basic problem ( ! social ord]4 ,if x adds at all to our s5se ( reality 9 go+ ?r\gh utopia1 let me confess t x is ultimately ?r\gh ! inspiration & example ( ano!r ,hippodamus--,patrick ,g$des1 ! t[n plann] = ,j]usalem & _m o!r cities--t ?is book ab\t utopias came to be writt54 ,9 _m ways ! di/ance betwe5 ,g$des & ,ari/otle or ,hippodamus seems mu* less ?an t :i* sep>ates ,g$des & ,h]b]t ,sp5c]4 ,:5 we look at ! utopias t ,phaleas & ,hippodamus & ,ari/otle h left u1 & comp>e !m ) ! ,republic ( ,plato1 ! diff]5ces betwe5 !m melt into insignificance & _! lik5esses are app>5t4 ,x is = ?is reason t ,i %all conf9e our exam9ation ( ! ,greek utopia to t :i* ,plato set =? 9 ! ,republic1 & qualifi$ & broad5$ 9 ,! ,laws1 ,! ,/atesman1 & ,critias4 #b ,plato's ,republic dates r\ghly f ! "t ( t long & disa/r\s w> :i* ,a!ns f\ght ) ,sp>ta4 ,9 ! c\rse ( su* a w>1 amid ! bomba/ t patriotic citiz5s give way to1 ! p :o keep _! s5ses are b\nd to get pretty well acqua9t$ ) _! enemy4 ,if y w take ! tr\ble to exam9e ,plut>*'s acc\nt ( ! ,laws ( ,lycurgus & ,mr4 ,alfr$ ,zimm]n's magnific5t description ( ! ,greek ,commonweal? y w see h[ ,sp>ta & ,a!ns =m ! web & wo( ( ! ,republic--only x is an ideal ,sp>ta & an ideal ,a!ns t ,plato has 9 m9d4 ,x is well to rememb] t ,plato wrote 9 ! mid/ ( defeat2 a great "p ( 8 region1 ,attica1 _h be5 deva/at$ & burn$2 & he mu/ h felt t make%ift & re=m 7 q futile :5 a ,peloponnesian w> c\ld make ! bottom drop out ( 8 _w4 ,to ,plato an ill-design$ %ip ( /ate requir$ m ?an ! sci5ce ( navigation to pull x ?r\gh /ormy wat]s3 if x 0 9 dang] ( p]petually f\nd]+1 x seem$ high "t to g back to ! %ipy>ds & inquire into ! pr9ciples ^u :i* x _h be5 put toge!r4 ,9 su* a mood1 ,i sugge/ p>5!tically1 we today w turn aga9 to fundam5tals4 #c ,9 describ+ 8 ideal community ,plato1 l a tra9$ workman1 beg9s ) 8 physical f\ndations4 ,s f> f putt+ 8 utopia 9 a my?ical isl& ( ,avilion1 :]e falls n hail nor ra9 nor any sn[1 x is pla9 t ,plato 0 ref]r+ repeat$ly to ! soil 9 :i* ,a!ns 0 plant$1 & to ! economic life :i* grew out ( t soil4 ,s9ce he 0 speak+ to 8 own c\ntrym51 he c\ld let a good _m ?+s pass = common k :i* we1 z /rang]s1 mu/ look into m c>efully 9 ord] to h a firm] s5se ( 8 utopian realities4 ,let x be und]/ood t 9 discuss+ ! physical side ( ! ,republic1 ,i am draw+ f ,ari/otle z well z ,plato1 & f su* mod]n ,greek s*ol>s z ,messrs4 ,zimm]n1 ,myres1 & ,murray4 ,n[adays :5 we talk ab\t a /ate we ?9k ( an expanse ( t]ritory1 to beg9 )1 s broad t we %\ld 9 mo/ cases be unable to see all its b\nd>ies if we rose five miles above ! gr\nd on a cle> day4 ,ev5 if ! c\ntry is a little "o1 l ! ,ne!rl&s or ,belgium1 x is likely to h possessions t are ?\s&s ( miles away2 & we ?9k ( ^! di/ant possessions & ( ! homel& z "p & p>cel ( ! /ate4 ,!re is sc>cely any conceivable way 9 :i* a ,dut*man 9 ,rott]dam1 let u say1 possesses ! ,isl& ( ,java3 he does n live on ! isl&1 he is n acqua9t$ ) ! inhabitants1 he does n %>e _! ideas or cu/oms4 ,8 int]e/ 9 ,java1 if he h an int]e/ at all1 is an int]e/ 9 sug>1 c(fee1 taxes1 or missions4 ,8 /ate is n a commonweal? 9 ! s5se t x is a common possession4 ,to ! ,greek ( ,plato's "t1 on ! contr>y1 ! commonweal? 0 some?+ he actively %>$ ) 8 fell[ citiz5s4 ,x 0 a def9ite p>cel ( l& ^: limits he c\ld probably see f any conv5i5t hilltop2 & ^? :o liv$ )9 ^? limits _h common gods to wor%ip1 common !at]s & gymnasia1 & a multitude ( common int]e/s t c\ld be satisfi$ only by _! work+ toge!r1 play+ toge!r1 ?9k+ toge!r4 ,plato c\ld probably n h conceiv$ ( a community ) civiliz$ pret5sions 9 :i* ! population 0 di/ribut$ at ! rate ( t5 p] squ>e mile2 & if he visit$ su* a t]ritory he w\ld surely h said t ! p 7 b>b>ians--m5 ^: way ( liv+ unfitt$ !m = ! graces & duties ( citiz5%ip4 ,geographically speak+1 !n1 ! ideal commonweal? 0 a city-region2 t is1 a city :i* 0 surr\nd$ by en\gh l& to supply ! great] "p ( ! food ne$$ by ! inhabitants2 & plac$ conv5i5t to ! sea4 ,let u /& on a high hill & take a look at ?is city-region2 ! sort ( view t ,plato himself might h obta9$ on "s cle> spr+ morn+ :5 he climb$ to ! top ( ! ,acropolis & look$ d[n on ! sleep+ city1 ) ! gre5 fields & se> upl& pa/ures on "o side1 & ! sun gl9t+ on ! di/ant wat]s ( ! sea a few miles away4 ,x is a m\nta9\s region1 ?is ,greece1 & )9 a %ort di/ance f m\nta9 top to sea !re 0 compress$ z _m diff]5t k9ds ( agricultural & indu/rial life z "o c\ld s+le out 9 go+ d[n ! ,hudson valley f ! ,adirondack ,m\nta9s to ,new ,york ,h>bor4 ,z ! basis = 8 ideal city1 :e!r ,plato knew x or n1 he _h an 8ideal0 section ( l& 9 8 m9d--:at ! geograph] calls ! 8valley section40 ,he c\ld n h gott5 ! v>i\s gr\ps :i* 7 to be comb9$ 9 8 city1 _h !y be5 settl$ 9 ! beg9n+ on a section ( l& l ! coa/al pla9 ( ,new ,j]sey4 ,x 0 peculi>ly 9 ,greece t su* a v>iety ( occupations c\ld come toge!r )9 a small area1 beg9n+ at ! summit ( ! valley section ) ! ev]gre5 trees & ! woodcutt]1 go+ d[n ! slope to ! h]dsman & 8 flock ( goats at pa/ure1 along ! valley bottom to ! cultivator & 8 crops1 until at l5g? "o rea*es ! riv]'s m\? :]e ! fi%] pu%es out to sea 9 8 boat & ! trad] comes 9 ) goods f o!r l&s4 ,! great civilizations ( ! _w h be5 n\ri%$ 9 su* valley sections4 ,we ?9k ( ! riv] ,nile & ,alex&ria2 ! ,tib] & ,rome1 ! ,se9e & ,p>is2 & s on4 ,x is int]e/+ t our fir/ great utopia %\ld h _h an 8ideal0 section ( t]ritory z its base4 #d ,9 ! economic f\ndations ( ! ,republic1 we look 9 va9 = a recognition ( ! labor problem4 ,n[ ! labor problem is a fundam5tal difficulty 9 our mod]n life2 & x seems on ! surface t ,plato is a little highbr[ & remote 9 ! ease ) :i* he gets ov] x4 ,:5 we look m closely into ! matt]1 h[ev]1 & see ! way 9 :i* m5 got _! liv+ 9 ! 8morn+ l&s0--z ! ,g]mans call !m--we %all f9d t ! reason ,plato does n (f] a solution is t he 0 n1 inde$1 confront$ by a problem4 ,giv5 a valley section :i* has n be5 ru?lessly /ript ( trees2 giv5 ! arts ( agriculture & h]d+2 giv5 a climate )\t dang]\s extremes ( heat & cold2 giv5 ! opportunity to f\nd new colonies :5 ! old city-region is ov]-populat$--& x is only by an ex]cise ( +5uity t a labor problem c\ld be inv5t$4 ,a man might become a slave by milit>y capture2 he did n become a slave by be+ compell$1 "u ?reat ( />vation1 to t5d a ma*9e4 ,! problem ( gett+ a liv+ 0 answ]$ by nature z long z m5 7 will+ to put up ) nature's conditions2 & ! gr\ndwork ( ,plato's utopia1 accord+ly1 is ! simple agricultural life1 ! gr[+ ( :eat1 b>ley1 olives1 & grapes1 :i* _h be5 fairly well ma/]$ be=e he arriv$ on ! sc5e4 ,z long z ! soil 0 n wa%$ away & devitaliz$1 ! problem 0 n a h>d "o2 & 9 ord] to solve x1 ,plato _h only to provide t !re %\ld be en\gh t]ritory to gr[ food on1 & t ! inhabitants mu/ n let _! wants exce$ ! b\nties ( nature4 ,plato describes ! f\ndations ( 8 community ) a few simple & ma/]ly t\*es4 ,^? :o feel t !re is some?+ a little inhuman 9 8 conception ( ! good life1 :5 he is discuss+ ! education & duties ( ! rul+ classes1 may well consid] ! picture t he pa9ts = u "h4 ,plato's society arises out ( ! ne$s ( mank9d2 because none ( u is self-suffic+ & all h _m wants2 & s9ce !re are _m wants1 _m k9ds ( p mu/ supply !m4 ,:5 all ^! help]s & p>tn]s & co-op]ators are ga!r$ toge!r 9 a city ! body ( inhabitants is t]m$ a /ate2 & s its memb]s "w & ex*ange goods ) "o ano!r = _! mutual advantage--! h]dsman gets b>ley = 8 *eese & s on d[n to ! complicat$ int]*anges t occur 9 ! city4 ,:at sort ( physical life w arise out ( ?is 9 ! region t ,plato describes8 ,well1 ! p w 8produce corn & w9e & clo!s & %oes & build h\ses = !mselves4444 ,!y w "w 9 summ] commonly /ript & b>efoot1 b 9 w9t] sub/antially clo!d & %od4 ,!y w fe$ on b>ley & :eat1 bak+ ! :eat & knead+ ! fl\r1 mak+ noble pudd+s & loaves2 ^! !y w s]ve up on a mat ( re$s or clean leaves2 !mselves recl9+ ! :ile ^u b$s ( yew or myrtle b\ghs4 ,& !y & _! *ildr5 w fea/1 dr9k+ ( ! w9e :i* !y h made1 we>+ g>l&s on _! heads1 & hav+ ! praises ( ! gods on _! lips1 liv+ 9 sweet society1 & hav+ a c>e t _! families d n exce$ _! means2 = !y w h an eye to pov]ty or w>40 ,s ,socrates1 9 ?is dialogue on ! ,republic1 describes to 8 he>]s ! ess5tial physical elem5ts ( ! good life4 ,"o ( 8 he>]s1 ,glaucon1 asks him to elaborate x a little1 = ,socrates has limit$ himself to b>e ess5tials4 ,x is ! same sort ( objection1 by ! way1 t ,m4 ,po9c>1 ! physici/1 made to ! philosophy ( ,tol/oy4 ,socrates answ]s t a good /ate w\ld h ! heal?y con/itution :i* he has j describ$2 b t he has no objection to look+ at an 8inflam$ con/itution40 ,:at ,socrates describes z an inflam$ con/itution is a mode ( life :i* all ! p ( ,we/]n ,europe & ,am]ica at ! pres5t day--no matt] :at _! religion1 economic /atus1 or political cre$ may be--believe 9 ) almo/ a s+le m9d2 & s1 al?\gh x is ! opposite ( ,plato's ideal /ate1 ,i g on to pres5t x1 = ! light x ?r[s on our own in/itutions & habits4 ,! unju/ /ate comes into exi/5ce1 says ,plato ?r\gh ! m\? ( ,socrates1 by ! multiplication ( wants & sup]fluities4 ,z a result ( increas+ wants1 we mu/ enl>ge our bord]s1 = ! orig9al heal?y /ate is too small4 ,n[ ! city w fill up ) a multitude ( call+s :i* g beyond ^? requir$ by any natural want2 !re w be a ho/ ( p>asites & 8sup]s02 & our c\ntry1 :i* 0 big en\gh to support ! orig9al inhabitants1 w want a slice ( our neighbor's l& = pa/ure & tillage2 & !y w want a slice ( ours if1 l ourselves1 !y exce$ ! limits ( necessity & give !mselves up to ! unlimit$ accumulation ( weal?4 8,& !n we %all g to w>--t w be ! next ?+40 ,! sum ( ?is criticism is t ,plato saw cle>ly t an ideal community mu/ h a common physical /&>d ( liv+2 & t b\ndless weal? or unlimit$ desires & gratifications _h no?+ to d ) a good /&>d4 ,! good 0 :at 0 necess>y2 & :at 0 necess>y 0 n1 ess5tially1 _m goods4 ,l ,ari/otle1 ,plato want$ a mode ( life :i* 0 nei!r impov]i%$ nor luxuri\s3 ^? :o h read a little 9 ,greek hi/ory w see t ?is ,a!nian ideal ( ! good life fell r symbolically betwe5 ,sp>ta & ,cor9?1 betwe5 ! cities :i* we associate respectively ) a h>d1 milit>y life & ) a s(t1 sup]-s5su\s /heticism4 ,%\ld we mod]ate our wants or %\ld we increase production8 ,plato _h no difficulty 9 answ]+ ?is "q4 ,he held t a reasonable man w\ld mod]ate 8 wants2 & t if he wi%$ to live l a good f>m] or a good philosoph] he w\ld n attempt to copy ! exp5ditures ( a vulg> gambl] :o has j made a corn] 9 :eat1 or a vulg> c\rtesan :o has j made a conque/ ( ! vulg> gambl] :o has made a corn] 9 :eat4 ,weal? & pov]ty1 said ,plato1 are ! two causes ( det]ioration 9 ! arts3 bo? ! workman & 8 works are likely to deg5]ate "u ! influ5ce ( ei!r pov]ty or weal?1 8= "o is ! p>5t ( luxury & indol5ce1 & ! o!r ( meanness & vici\sness1 & bo? ( discont5t40 ,nor does ,plato h "o /&>d ( liv+ = 8 rul+ classes & ano!r = ! common p4 ,to ea* p]son he w\ld give all ! mat]ial ?+s necess>y = su/5ance2 & f ea* he w\ld be prep>$ to /rip all t 0 n ess5tial4 ,he realiz$ t ! possession ( goods 0 n a means ( gett+ happ9ess1 b an ef=t to make up = a spiritually depaup]ate life3 = ,plato1 happ9ess 0 :at "o c\ld put into life & n :at "o c\ld loot out ( x3 x 0 ! happ9ess ( ! danc] r ?an ! happ9ess ( ! glutton4 ,plato pictur$ a community liv+ a sane1 cont95t1 a?letic1 cle>-ey$ life2 a community t w\ld be always1 s to say1 )9 b\nds4 ,!re is a horror ( laxity & easy liv+ 9 8 ,republic4 ,8 society 0 /ripp$ = action4 ,! fragrance t p]meates 8 picture ( ! good life is n ! heavy fragrance ( rose-petals & inc5se fall+ ^u languor\s c\*es3 x is ! fragrance ( ! morn+ grass1 & ! sc5t ( cru%$ m9t or m>joram b5ea? ! feet4 #e ,h[ big is ,plato's community1 h[ are ! p divid$1 :at are _! relations8 ,n[ t we h discuss$ ! lay out ( ! l&1 & h inquir$ into ! physical basis ( ?is utopia1 we are ready to turn our att5tion to ! p2 = x is out ( ! int]action ( folk1 "w1 & place t e community--good or bad1 real or fanci$--exi/s & p]petuates itself4 #f ,x foll[s almo/ inevitably f :at we h said ( ,plato's environm5t1 t 8 ideal community 0 n to be unlimit$ 9 population4 ,q ! contr>y4 ,plato said t 8! city may increase to any size :i* is consi/5t ) its unity2 t is ! limit40 ,! mod]n political sci5ti/1 :o lives )9 a national /ate ( millions ( p1 & :o ?9ks ( ! greatness ( /ates l>gely 9 t]ms ( _! population1 has sc(f$ )\t m]cy at ! fact t ,plato limit$ 8 community to an arbitr>y numb]1 #e1jdj1 ab\t ! numb] t c be conv5i5tly address$ by a s+le orator4 ,z a matt] ( fact !re is no?+ ridicul\s 9 ,plato's def9ition3 he 0 n speak+ ( a horde ( b>b>ians3 he 0 lay+ d[n ! f\ndations = an active polity ( citiz5s3 & x is pla9 en\gh 9 all consci5ce t :5 y increase ! numb] ( p 9 a community y decrease ! numb] ( ?+s t !y c %>e 9 common4 ,plato c\ld n anticipate ! wireless telephone & ! daily newspap]2 /ill less w\ld he h be5 likely to exagg]ate ! diff]5ce :i* ^! in/rum5talities h made 9 ! matt]s t mo/ intimately conc]n u2 & :5 he set b\nds to ! population 8 city w\ld conta91 he 0 anticipat+ by m ?an two ?\s& ye>s ! v]dict ( mod]n t[n plann]s l ,mr4 ,raymond ,unw94 ,p are n ! memb]s ( a community because !y live "u ! same sy/em ( political gov]nm5t or dwell 9 ! same c\ntry4 ,!y become g5u9e citiz5s to ! ext5t t !y %>e c]ta9 in/itutions & ways ( life ) simil>ly educat$ p4 ,plato 0 prim>ily conc]n$ ) provid+ conditions :i* w\ld make a community hold toge!r )\t be+ act$ ^u by any ext]nal =ce--z ! national /ate is act$ ^u today by w> or ! ?reat ( w>4 ,?is conc]n seems to und]lie e l9e ( ! ,republic4 ,9 attack+ 8 problem1 ! bus9ess ( supply+ ! physical wants ( ! city seem$ relatively unimportant2 & ev5 ?\gh ,greece 9 ! "t ( ,plato trad$ widely ) ! :ole ,m$it]ranean region1 ,plato did n mi/ake comm]cial unity = civic unity4 ,h5ce 9 8 s*eme ( ?+s ! "w ( ! f>m] & ! m]*ant & ! trad] 0 subord9ate4 ,! important ?+ to consid] 0 ! g5]al conditions "u :i* all ! individuals & gr\ps 9 a community might live toge!r h>moni\sly4 ,?is is a long cry f ! utopias ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 :i* we w exam9e lat]2 & t is :y x is important to und]/& ,plato's po9t ( view & foll[ 8 argum5t4 #g ,to ,plato1 a good community 0 l a heal?y body2 a h>moni\s ex]cise ( e function 0 ! condition ( its /r5g? & vitality4 ,necess>ily !n a good community c\ld n be simply a collection ( individuals1 ea* "o ( :om insi/s ^u "s private & p>ticul> happ9ess )\t respect to ! welf>e & int]e/s ( 8 fell[s4 ,plato believ$ t goodness & happ9ess--= he w\ld sc>cely admit t !re 0 any di/9ct l9e ( cleavage betwe5 ^! qualities--consi/$ 9 liv+ accord+ to nature2 t is to say1 9 kn[+ "o's self1 9 f9d+ "o's b5t1 & 9 fulfill+ ! p>ticul> "w :i* "o _h ! capacity to p]=m4 ,! secret ( a good community1 !re=e1 if we may translate ,plato's language into mod]n political slang1 is ! pr9ciple ( function4 ,e k9d ( "w1 says ,plato1 requires a p>ticul> k9d ( aptitude & tra9+4 ,if we wi% to h good %oes1 our %oes mu/ be made by a %oemak] & n by a weav]2 & 9 l mann]1 e man has "s p>ticul> call+ to :i* 8 g5ius leads him1 & he f9ds a happ9ess = himself & usefulness to 8 fell[s :5 he is employ$ 9 t call+4 ,! good life mu/ result :5 ea* man has a function to p]=m1 & :5 all ! necess>y functions are adju/$ happily to ea* o!r4 ,! /ate is l ! physical body4 8,heal? is ! creation ( a natural ord] & gov]nm5t 9 ! p>ts ( ! body1 & ! creation ( disease is ! creation ( a /ate ( ?+s 9 :i* !y are at v>iance ) ! natural ord]40 ,! supreme virtue 9 ! commonweal? is ju/ice2 namely1 ! due apportionm5t ( "w or function "u ! rule ( 8a place = e man & e man 9 8 place40 ,has any su* society ev] come into exi/5ce8 ,d n too ha/ily answ] ,no4 ,! ideal 9 ,plato's m9d is c>ri$ out po9t = po9t 9 ! organization ( a mod]n symphony or*e/ra4 ,n[ ,plato 0 n unaw>e t !re 7 o!r =mulas = happ9ess4 ,he expressly po9ts out h[ev] t 9 f\nd+ ! ,republic he does n wi% to make any s+le p]son or gr\p happi] beyond ! re/2 he desires r t ! :ole city %\ld be 9 ! happie/ condition4 ,x w\ld be easy en\gh 8to array ! husb&m5 9 ri* & co/ly robes & to enjo9 !m to cultivate ! gr\nd only ) a view to _! pleasure10 & s ,plato might h conf]r$ a spuri\s k9d ( felicity ^u e individual4 ,if ?is happ5$1 h[ev]1 !re w\ld be a brief p]iod ( ease & revelry be=e ! :ole works w5t to pot4 ,9 ?is ,plato is a ?or\ghgo+ reali/3 he is n look+ = a %ort av5ue ( escape2 he is ready to face ! road ) all its ups & d[ns1 ) its /eep climbs z well z its wide vi/as2 & he does n ?9k any ! worse ( life because he f9ds t its *ief enjoym5ts re/ 9 activity1 & n1 z ! epicureans ( all sorts h always believ$1 9 a release f activity4 #h ,plato arrives at 8 apportionm5t ( functions by a me?od :i* is old-fa%ion$1 & :i* anybody v]s$ 9 mod]n psy*ology w\ld reg>d z a 8rationalization40 ,plato is try+ to give a firm basis to ! division ( classes :i* he favor$2 & s he comp>es ! community to a human be+1 possess$ ( ! virtues ( wisdom1 val\r1 temp]ance1 & ju/ice4 ,ea* ( ^! virtues ,plato relates to a p>ticul> class ( p4 ,wisdom is appropriate to ! rul]s ( ! city4 ,?us arises ! class ( gu>dians4 ,val\r is ! *>act]i/ic ( ! def5d]s ( ! city & h5ce a milit>y class1 call$ auxili>ies1 appe>s4 ,temp]ance1 or agreem5t1 is ! virtue :i* relates to all classes4 ,f9ally1 !re comes ju/ice4 8,ju/ice is ! ultimate cause & condition ( all ( !m4444 ,if a "q %\ld arise z to :i* ( ^! f\r qualities contribut$ mo/ by _! pres5ce to ! excell5ce ( ! ,/ate :e!r ! agreem5t ( rul]s & subjects or ! pres]vation 9 ! soldi]s ( ! op9ion :i* ! law orda9s ab\t ! true nature ( dang]s1 or wisdom & wat*fulness 9 ! rul]s w\ld claim ! palm1 or :e!r ?is :i* ,i am ab\t to m5tion10 namely1 8ev]yone do+ 8 own "w & n be+ a busybody--! "q w\ld n be easily det]m9$40 ,nev]!less1 x is pla9 t ju/ice is ! key/one ( ! ,platonic utopia4 ,we mu/ n misund]/& ,plato's division ( classes4 ,ari/otle criticizes ,plato 9 t]ms ( a m simple sy/em ( democracy2 b ,plato did n mean to in/itute a fix$ ord]2 )9 8 ,republic ! ,napoleonic motto--la c>rire e/ ouv]te aux tal5ts--0 ! guid+ pr9ciple4 ,:at lay b5ea? ,plato's argum5t 0 a belief :i* pres5t-day /udies 9 psy*ology seem likely to confirm2 a belief t *ildr5 come into ! _w ) a b5t already well m>k$ 9 _! physical & m5tal con/itutions4 ,plato advocat$1 x is true1 an ari/ocracy or gov]nm5t by ! be/ p2 b he did n believe 9 fake ari/ocracies t are p]petuat$ ?r\gh h]$it>y weal? & position4 ,hav+ det]m9$ t 8 city 0 to conta9 ?ree classes1 rul]s1 w>riors1 & work]s1 8 capital difficulty /ill rema9$ to be fac$2 h[ 0 ea* individual to f9d 8 way to ! "r class1 & "u :at conditions w\ld he be/ fulfill 8 functions !re8 ,! answ]s to ^! que/ions br+ u to ! bolde/ & mo/ orig9al sections ( ! ,republic3 ! "p t has provok$ ! greate/ am\nt ( antagonism & av]sion1 because ( its dra/ic dep>ture f ! rut ( _m e/abli%$ in/itutions--9 p>ticul>1 individual m>riages & individual prop]ty4 ,9 ord] to p]petuate 8 ideal con/itution ,plato relies ^u ?ree me?ods3 bre$+1 education1 & a discipl9e = ! daily life4 ,let u consid] ! effect ( ^! me?ods ^u ea* ( ! classes4 ,we may dismiss ! class ( artisans & husb&m5 v briefly4 ,x is n q cle> :e!r ,plato meant 8 sy/em ( m>riage to ext5d to ! memb]s ( ?is class4 ,z = education1 x is cle> t he saw no?+ to f9d fault ) 9 ! sy/em ( appr5tice%ip :]eby ! smi? or ! pott] or ! f>m] tra9$ o!rs to foll[ 8 call+2 & s he _h no reason = dep>t+ f me?ods :i* _h prov$1 on ! :ole1 v satisfactory4 ,h[ satisfactory t sy/em 01 inde$1 we h only to look at an ,a!nian ru9 or vase or *alice to f9d out4 ,any improvem5ts t might come ab\t 9 ^! occupations w\ld result f ! ,platonic rule ( ju/ice2 & ,plato foll[$ 8 own injunction /rictly en\gh to keep away f o!r p's bus9ess4 ,?is ( c\rse seems an odd & ha/y mann] ( treatm5t1 z ,i said be=e1 to ^? ( u :o live 9 a _w :]e ! affairs ( indu/ry & ! t5d5cies ( ! labor movem5t are =ev] on ! c>pet4 ,b ,plato ju/ifies 8 treatm5t by say+ t 8:5 %oemak]s become bad1 & are deg5]ate1 & pr(ess to be %oemak]s :5 !y are n1 no great mis*ief happ5s to ! /ate2 b :5 ! gu>dians ( ! law & ! ,/ate are n s 9 reality1 b only 9 appe>ance1 y see h[ !y entirely de/roy ! :ole con/itution1 if !y alone %all h ! privilege ( an afflu5t & happy life40 ,h5ce ,plato conc5trates 8 attack ^u ! po9t ( greate/ dang]3 :ile ! %oemak]1 z a rule1 kn[s h[ to m9d 8 own bus9ess1 ! /atesman is = ! mo/ "p unaw>e ( ! ess5tial bus9ess :i* he has to m9d2 & t5ds to be neglig5t ev5 :5 he has "s dim notion z to :at x may be--be+ all too ready to sacrifice x to golf or ! favors ( a beautiful woman4 ,z we saw 9 ,plato's orig9al description ( ! ,/ate1 ! common folk w\ld d\btless h a good _m ( ! joys & delights traditional 9 ! ,greek cities2 & d\btless1 al?\gh ,plato says no?+ "o way or ! o!r1 !y w\ld be p]mitt$ to own su* prop]ty z might be ne$$ = ! conduct ( _! bus9ess or ! enjoym5t ( _! homes4 ,! v fact t no def9ite rule 0 prescrib$ = !m1 makes u suspect t ,plato 0 will+ to let ^! ?+s g on 9 ! usual way4 ,! next class is kn[n z ! w>riors1 or auxili>ies4 ,!y are diff]5t 9 "* f ! gu>dians :o rule ! /ate2 b frequ5tly ,plato ref]s to ! gu>dians z a s+le class1 includ+ ! auxili>ies2 & x seems t !y figur$ 9 8 m9d z ! temporal arm ( t class4 ,at any rate1 ! auxili>ies z !y are pa9t$ 9 ! ,critias1 :i* 0 ! dialogue 9 :i* ,plato attempt$ to %[ 8 ,republic 9 action1 dwelt by !mselves )9 a s+le enclosure2 & _h common meals & common temples ( _! own2 & s we may surmise t _! way ( life 0 to be simil> to t ( ! high] gu>dians1 b t x 0 n capable ( be+ pu%$ to ! same pit* ( developm5t on ! intellectual side4 ,^! w>riors ( ,plato are1 aft] all1 n s v mu* unlike ! regul> or /&+ army 9 a mod]n ,/ate3 !y h a life ( _! own )9 ! b>racks1 !y are tra9$ & drill$ to great endurance1 & !y are taught to obey )\t "q ! ,gov]nm5t4 ,:5 y exam9e ! nak$ bus9ess ( ! w>riors & artisans1 y discov] t ,plato is n1 = all ! diff]5ce 9 scale1 s v f> away f mod]n realities4 ,ap>t f ! fact t wom5 7 p]mitt$ an equal place ) m5 9 ! life ( ! camp & ! gymnasium & ! academy1 ! real diff]5ce comes 9 ! matt] ( bre$+ & selection4 ,at la/ we approa* ! ,gov]nors1 or ! ,gu>dians4 ,h[ does ! ,gu>dian a*ieve 8 position & p[]8 ,plato is a little *>y ( answ]+ ?is "q2 he h9ts t x c only happ5 at ! beg9n+ if a p]son ) ! bra9s ( a philosoph] happ5 to be born ) ! au?ority ( a k+4 ,let u pass ?is by4 ,h[ are ! ,gu>dians born & br$8 ,?is is ! mann]4 ,= ! well-be+ ( ! /ate ! ,gu>dians h ! p[] to adm9i/] m$ic9al lies4 ,"o ( ^! is to be told to ! y\? :5 _! education has rea*$ a po9t at :i* x becomes possible = ! ,gu>dians to det]m9e _! natural tal5ts & aptitudes4 8,citiz5s1 we %all say to !m 9 our tale1 y are bro!rs1 yet ,god has fram$ y diff]5tly4 ,"s ( y h ! p[] to comm&1 & ^! he has compos$ ( gold1 :]e=e also !y h ! greate/ honor2 o!rs ( silv]1 to be auxili>ies2 o!rs aga9 :o are to be husb&m5 & craftsm5 he has made ( brass & iron2 & ! species w g5]ally be pres]v$ 9 ! *ildr54 ,b z y are ( ! same orig9al family1 a gold5 p>5t w sometimes h a silv] son1 or a silv] p>5t a gold5 son4 ,& ,god proclaims to ! rul]s1 z a fir/ pr9ciple1 t be=e all ?+s !y %\ld wat* ov] _! (fspr+1 & see :at elem5ts m+le 9 _! nature1 = if ! son ( a gold5 or silv] p>5t has an admixture ( brass & iron1 !n nature ord]s a transposition ( ! ranks2 & ! eye ( ! rul] mu/ n be pitiful t[>ds 8 *ild because he has to desc5d 9 ! scale & w become a husb&man or artisan1 j z !re may be o!rs sprung f ! artisan class :o are rais$ to honor1 & become gu>dians & auxili>ies40 ,z ! safegu>d ( ?is pr9ciple ( natural selection ( functions1 ,plato propos$ a sy/em ( common m>riage4 8,! wives ( ^! gu>dians are to be common1 & _! *ildr5 are also common1 & no p>5t is to "k 8 own *ild1 nor any *ild 8 p>5t4 ,/>t+ f ! day ( ! hym5eal1 ! bridegroom :o 0 !n m>ri$ w call all ! male *ildr5 :o are born t5 & sev5 mon?s aft]w>ds 8 sons1 & ! female *ildr5 8 daught]s1 & !y w call him fa!r4444 ,& ^? :o 7 born at ! same "t !y w t]m bro!rs & si/]s1 & !y are n to int]m>ry40 ,"o ( ! features ( ?is sy/em is t ! be/ /ocks--! /ronge/ & wise/ & mo/ beautiful--are to be enc\rag$ to reproduce !mselves4 ,b ?is is n work$ out 9 detail4 ,!re is to be complete fre$om ( sexual selection among ! gu>dians2 & ^? :o are mo/ di/+ui%$ 9 _! s]vices are to h access to a great numb] ( wom52 b beyond enc\rag+ ! gu>dians to be prolific1 ,plato did n app>5tly consid] ! possibilities ( cross-bre$+ betwe5 ! v>i\s classes4 ,on ! :ole1 "o may say t ,plato puts x up to ! ,gu>dians to p]petuate !mselves prop]ly1 & indicates t ?is is to be "o ( _! ma9 conc]ns4 ,8 good bre$+ 0 biological bre$+1 n social bre$+4 ,he recogniz$ z "s ( our mod]n eug5i/s h fail$ to--t good p>5ts might ?r[ poor /ock1 on occasion1 & t abject p>5ts might h rem>kably good prog5y4 ,ev5 if ! ,gu>dians are to be enc\rag$ to h good *ildr51 ,plato provides t ! *ildr5 !mselves mu/ prove _! goodness be=e !y are 9 turn recogniz$ z ,gu>dians4 ,z = ! *ildr5 ( ! bas] sort--well1 !y 7 to be rigor\sly limit$ to ! ne$s & res\rces ( ! community4 ,plato liv$ at a "t :5 a great _m *ildr5 7 born only to be murd]$ ?r\gh 8exposure0 z x 0 call$2 & he _h no qualms1 app>5tly1 ab\t lett+ ! ,gu>dians s5d ! *ildr5 ) a bad h]$ity into ! disc>d4 ,if 8 population c\ld n gr[ prop]ly 9 ! sunlight )\t gett+ rid ( ! we$s1 he 0 prep>$ to get rid ( ! we$s4 ,p :o 7 physically or spiritually too de=m$ to take "p 9 ! good life 7 to be elim9at$4 ,plato1 l a robu/ ,a!nian1 0 = kill+ or cur+ a disease2 & he gave %ort %rift to ! con/itutional invalids4 #i ,b to bre$ ,gu>dians is only "o-half ! problem4 ,! o!r half comes "u ! heads ( education & discipl9e2 & :5 ,plato discusses ^! ?+s1 he is n speak+1 z a mod]n college presid5t p]haps w\ld1 ( book-le>n+ alone2 he is ref]r+ to all ! activities t mold a p]son's life4 ,he foll[s ! old] philosoph]1 ,py?agoras1 & anticipates ! great organiz]1 ,b5$ict1 by lay+ d[n a rule ( life = 8 gu>dians4 ,he did n imag9e t dis9t]e/$ activities1 spaci\s ?\ghts1 & cle> vision w\ld arise 9 p :o normally put _! p]sonal com=t & 8happ9ess0 above ! necessities ( _! (fice4 ,let u recognize ! dep? ( ,plato's insight4 ,x is pla9 t he did n despise :at a mod]n psy*ologi/ w\ld call 8! normal biological c>e]40 ,= ! great majority ( p happ9ess consi/$ 9 le>n+ a def9ite trade or pr(ession1 9 do+ "o's daily "w1 9 mat+1 & :5 ! t5sion ( ! day relax$1 9 gett+ enjoym5t & recreation 9 ! simple s5sualities ( eat+1 dr9k+1 s++1 love-mak+1 & :at n4 ,?is normal biological c>e] is associat$ ) a home1 & ) ! limit$ horizons ( a home2 & a ho/ ( small loyalties & jeal\sies & int]e/s are wov5 into ! v texture ( t life4 ,ea* home1 ea* small circle ( relatives & fri5ds1 t5ds to be a m9iature utopia2 !re is a limit$ community ( goods1 a t5d5cy to adju/ "o's actions to ! welf>e ( ! little :ole1 & a habit ( b&+ toge!r aga9/ ! _w at l>ge4 ,b ! good1 contr>y to ! prov]b1 is frequ5tly ! enemy ( ! bett]2 & ! little utopia ( ! family is ! enemy--inde$ ! pr9cipal enemy--( ! belov$ community4 ,?is fact is notori\s4 ,! picture ( a trade union lead] :i* ,mr4 ,john ,galswor?y portrays 9 ,/rife1 ^: p[] to act firmly 9 behalf ( 8 gr\p is sapp$ by ! dem&s made by family ties1 c\ld be mat*$ 9 a ?\s& places4 ,9 ord] to h ! fre$om to act = ! sake ( a great in/itution1 a p]son mu/ be /ript ( a :ole ho/ ( re/ra9+ ties & s5tim5talities4 ,jesus comm&$ 8 foll[]s to leave _! families & ab&on _! worldly goods2 & ,plato1 9 ord] to pres]ve 8 ideal commonweal?1 laid d[n a simil> rule4 ,= ^? :o z gu>dians 7 to apply ! sci5ce ( gov]nm5t to public affairs1 a private life1 private duties1 private int]e/s1 7 all to be left beh9d4 ,z to ! education ( ! ,gu>dians1 ,i h sc>cely ! space to treat ! m =mal "p ( x 9 detail2 = among o!r ?+s1 z ,j[ett po9ts out1 ! ,republic is a treatise on education2 & ,plato pres5ts a fairly elaborate plan4 ,! two bran*es ( ,greek education1 music & gymna/ic1 appli$ 9 ! /ud5t's e>ly ye>s to ! culture ( ! body & ! culture ( ! m9d2 & bo? bran*es 7 to be foll[$ 9 common by bo? sexes4 ,in/ruction dur+ ! e>ly "p ( a *ild's life 0 to be communicat$ ?r\gh play activities1 z x is today 9 ! ,city & ,c\ntry ,s*ool 9 ,new ,york2 & only ) manhood did ! /ud5t approa* 8 subjects 9 a m =mal & sy/ematic mann]4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ?is education ! /ud5ts 7 to be te/$ aga9 & aga9 ) respect to _! m5tal ke5ness & t5acity & =titude2 & only ^? :o came ?r\gh ! fire purifi$ & /r5g!n$ 7 to be admitt$ to ! class ( gu>dians4 ,! daily life ( ! ,gu>dians is a rigor\s1 milit>y regime4 ,!y live 9 common b>racks1 & 9 ord] to avoid pay+ att5tion to private affairs1 in/ead ( m9d+ ! good ( ! :ole community1 no "o is all[$ to 8possess any sub/ance privately1 unless !re be a great necessity = x02 next1 ,plato cont9ues1 none %all h any dwell+ or /oreh\se into :i* :oev] incl9es may n ent]2 & z = necess>ies1 !y %all be only su* z brave & temp]ate w>riors may require1 & z !y are support$ by o!r citiz5s1 !y %all receive su* a rew>d ( _! gu>dian%ip z to h nei!r an ov]plus nor a deficit at ! end ( ! ye>4 ,!y %all h public meals1 z 9 encampm5ts1 & live 9 common4 ,!y are to refra9 f us+ gold & silv]1 z all ! gold & silv] !y require is 9 _! s\ls4 ,all ^! regulations1 ( c\rse1 are = ! purpose ( keep+ ! ,gu>dians dis9t]e/$4 ,plato believ$ t ! majority ( p did n "k h[ to m9d public bus9ess2 = x seem$ to him t ! ord]+ ( a community's life requir$ a measure ( sci5ce :i* ! common man c\ld n possibly possess4 ,inde$1 9 a city ( a ?\s& m5 he did n see ! possibility ( gett+ z _m z fifty m5 :o w\ld be suffici5tly well v]s$ 9 :at we %\ld today call sociology to deal intellig5tly ) public affairs--= !re w\ld sc>cely be t _m fir/-rate draughts play]s4 ,at ! same "t1 if ! gov]nm5t is to be entru/$ to a few1 ! few mu/ be g5u9ely dis9t]e/$4 ,if !y possess$ l&s & h\ses & money 9 a private way !y w\ld become l&lords & f>m]s in/ead ( ,gu>dians2 !y w\ld be hateful ma/]s in/ead ( allies ( ! citiz5s2 & s 8hat+ & be+ hat$1 plott+ & be+ plott$ aga9/1 m afraid ( ! enemies )9 ?an ! enemies )\t1 !y w\ld drag !mselves & ! re/ ( ! /ate to spe$y de/ruction40 ,x rema9s to take a glance at ! manhood & lat] life ( ! ,gu>dians4 ,z "y m51 ! ,gu>dians belong to ! auxili>ies2 & s9ce !y are n p]mitt$ to p]=m any ( ! manual arts--= skill 9 any ( ! trades t5d$ to make a man w>p$ & "o-sid$1 l ! symbolic blacksmi? god1 ,heph/os--_! physical edge 0 ma9ta9$ by ! unceas+ discipl9e ( ! gymnasium & 8milit>y0 exp$itions4 ,i put milit>y 9 quotation m>ks1 because a great] "p ( ! w>riors' "t is sp5t n 9 w> b 9 prep>ation = w>2 & x is pla9 t ,plato look$ ^u w> z an unnecess>y evil1 = x arose out ( ! unju/ /ate2 & !re=e he mu/ h resort$ to w>like discipl9e = ! educational values he f\nd 9 x4 ,f ?irty-five to fifty ! pot5tial ,gu>dians und]take practical activities1 comm&+ armies & ga9+ exp]i5ce ( life4 ,aft] fifty1 ^? :o are qualifi$ devote !mselves to philosophy3 out ( _! exp]i5ce & _! inn] reflection !y figure ! ess5tial nature ( ! good community2 & on occasion ea* gu>dian ab&ons div9e philosophy = a :ile1 takes 8 turn at ! helm ( ! /ate1 & tra9s 8 successors4 #aj ,:at is ! bus9ess ( ! ,gu>dian8 ,h[ does ,plato's ideal /atesman diff] f ,julius ,cs> or ,mr4 ,!odore ,roosevelt8 ,! bus9ess ( ! ,gu>dian is to manufacture lib]ty4 ,! petty laws1 regulations1 & re=ms ) :i* ! ord9>y /atesman occupies himself _h no?+ to d1 9 ,plato's m9d1 ) ! ess5tial bus9ess ( ! rul]4 ,s ,plato expressly =egoes mak+ laws to regulate m>ket+1 ! affairs ( indu/ry1 graft1 brib]y1 !ft1 & s =?2 & he leaves ^! matt]s ) ! curt indication t m5 c be left to !mselves to devise on a volunt>y basis ! rules ( ! game = ! diff]5t occupations2 & t x is n ! bus9ess ( ! ,gu>dian to m$dle 9 su* matt]s4 ,9 a well-f\nd$ /ate1 a great numb] ( m9or maladju/m5ts w\ld simply fall out ( exi/5ce2 :il/ 9 any o!r /ate1 all ! t9k]+ & re=m+ 9 ! _w is q p[]less to am5d its organic defects4 ,^? make-believe /atesm5 :o try _! h& at legislation & 8are always fancy+ t by re=m+ !y w make an end ( ! di%one/ies & rascalities ( mank9d10 d n "k t 9 reality !y are try+ to cut away ! heads ( a hydra4 ,! real conc]n ( ! ,gu>dians is ) ! ess5tial con/itution ( ! /ate4 ,! means t !y employ to p]fect ?is con/itution are bre$+1 vocational selection1 & education4 8,if once a republic is set a-go+1 x proce$s happily1 increas+ z a circle4 ,& :il/ good education & nurture are pres]v$1 !y produce good g5iuses2 & good g5iuses1 p>tak+ ( su* education1 produce /ill bett] ?an ! =m]1 z well 9 o!r respects1 z ) ref]5ce to propagation1 z 9 ! case ( o!r animals40 ,all ! activities ( ! ,republic are to be patt]n$ aft] ! utopia :i* ! ,gu>dians see ) _! inw>d eye4 ,s gradually ! community becomes a liv+ unity2 & x exhibits ! heal? ( t :i* is organically s\nd4 #aa ,:at d we miss :5 we look ar\nd ?is utopia ( ,plato's8 ,contacts ) ! outside _w8 ,we may take !m = grant$4 ,d[ny b$s1 ,cor9?ian girls1 luxuri\s furniture8 ,we c well sp>e !m4 ,! opportunity = a satisfactory intellectual & physical life8 ,no3 bo? ( ^! are "h4 ,:at ,plato has left out are ! poets1 dramati/s1 & pa9t]s4 ,lit]ature & music1 9 ord] to contribute to ! noble education ( ! ,gu>dians1 are bo? sev]ely re/rict$ 9 !me & 9 treatm5t4 ,plato has 8 limitations2 & "h is ! pr9cipal "o3 ,plato di/ru/$ ! emotional life1 & :il/ he 0 prep>$ to d full homage to man's obvi\s s5sualities1 he fe>$ ! emotions z a tight-rope walk] fe>s ! w9d2 = !y ?reat5$ 8 balance4 ,9 "o significant passage he classifies 8love0 ) disease & drunk5ness1 z a vulg> mis=tune2 & ?\gh he 0 ready to p]mit ! active expression ( ! emotions1 z 9 ! dance or ! sexual act1 he treat$ ! m]e play ^u ! feel+s1 )\t active p>ticipation1 z a =m ( intemp]ance4 ,h5ce a great deal ( music & dramatic mimicry 0 taboo4 ,=eign z ?is doctr9e s\nds to ! mod]n read]1 !re is p]haps m ?an a gra9 ( s5se 9 x3 ,william ,james us$ to tea* t no "o %\ld passively exp]i5ce an emotion at a conc]t or a play )\t try+ to express t emotion actively z soon z he c\ld make ! opportunity4 ,at any rate1 let u leave ?is problem :i* ,plato op5s up ) a free m9d2 & note "h 9 pass+ t 9 ! utopia ( ,william ,morris novels drop naturally out ( exi/5ce because life is too active an ec/asy to be f$ ) ! pa!tic1 ! maudl91 & ! diseas$4 #ab ,z we leave ?is little city ( ,plato's1 ne/l+ 9 ! hills1 & z ! ?91 didactic voice ( ,plato1 :o has be5 p]petually at our elb[s1 dies away f our e>s--:at impression d we f9ally c>ry away8 ,9 ! fields1 m5 are p]haps pl[+ ! l& = ! autumn s[+2 on ! t]races1 a b& ( m51 wom51 & *ildr5 are pluck+ ! olives c>efully f ! trees1 "o by "o2 9 ! gymnasium on ! top ( ! ,acropolis1 m5 & y\?s are ex]cis+1 & z !y practice ) ! javel9 n[ & !n x cat*es ! sun & gl9ts into our eye2 ap>t f ^! gr\ps1 9 a %ad$ walk t ov]looks ! city1 a ,gu>dian is pac+ back & =?1 talk+ 9 quick1 e>ne/ tones ) 8 pupils4 ,^! are occupations :i*1 crudely or elaborately1 m5 h always engag$ 92 & "h 9 ! ,republic !y engage 9 !m /ill4 ,:at has *ang$8 ,:at has pr(\ndly *ang$ is n ! ?+s t m5 d1 b ! relations !y be> to "o ano!r 9 do+ !m4 ,9 ,plato's community1 s]vitude & compulsion & av>ice & indol5ce are gone4 ,m5 m9d _! bus9ess = ! sake ( liv+ well1 9 j relations to ! :ole community ( :i* !y are a "p4 ,!y live1 9 ! /ricte/ s5se1 accord+ to nature2 & because no "o c enjoy a private privilege1 ea* man c gr[ to 8 full /ature & ent] into e h]itage ( 8 citiz5%ip4 ,:5 ,plato says no to ! in/itutions & ways ( life t m5 h bl9dly fo/]$1 8 eyes are op51 & he is fac+ ! light4 ,,*apt] ,,?ree ,h[ some?+ happ5$ to utopia betwe5 ,plato & ,sir ,?omas ,m2 & h[ utopia 0 discov]$ aga91 along ) ! ,new ,_w4 ,,*apt] ,,?ree #a ,!re is a span ( ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s betwe5 ,plato & ,sir ,?omas ,m4 ,dur+ t "t1 9 ! ,we/]n ,_w at any rate1 utopia seems to disappe> beyond ! horizon4 ,plut>*'s ,life ( ,lycurgus looks back into a my?ical pa/2 ,cic]o's essay on ! /ate is a negligible "w2 & ,/4 ,augu/9e's ,city ( ,god is *iefly rem>kable = a brilliant j\rnali/ic attack ^u ! old ord] ( ,rome :i* rem9ds "o ( ! contempor>y diatribes ( ,maximilian ,h>d54 ,except = ^! works !re is1 z f> z ,i c discov]1 sc>cely any o!r piece ( writ+ :i* ev5 h9ts at utopia except z utopia may ref] to a dim gold5 age 9 ! pa/ :5 all m5 7 virtu\s & happy4 ,b :ile utopia dropt out ( lit]ature1 x did n drop out ( m5's m9ds2 & ! utopia ( ! fir/ fifte5 hundr$ ye>s aft] ,*ri/ is transplant$ to ! sky1 & call$ ! ,k+dom ( ,heav54 ,x is di/9ctly a utopia ( escape4 ,! _w z m5 f9d x is full ( s9 & tr\ble4 ,no?+ c be done ab\t x except to rep5t ( ! s9 & f9d refuge f ! tr\ble 9 ! life aft] ! grave4 ,s ! utopia ( ,*ri/ianity is fix$ & settl$3 "o c ent] into ! ,k+dom ( ,heav5 if a passport has be5 grant$1 b "o c d no?+ to create or mold ?is heav54 ,*ange & /ruggle & ambition & amelioration belong to ! wick$ _w1 & br+ no f9al satisfaction4 ,happ9ess lies n 9 ! de$1 b 9 hav+ a secure cr$it 9 ! f9al balance ( acc\nts--happ9ess1 9 o!r words1 lies 9 ! ultimate comp5sation4 ,?is _w ( fad+ empires & dilapidat$ cities is no home except = ! viol5t & ! 8worldly40 ,if ! idea ( utopia loses its practical hold dur+ ?is p]iod1 ! w-to-utopia rema9s2 & ! rise ( ! mona/ic sy/em & ! attempts ( ! great popes f ,hildebr& onw>d to e/abli% a univ]sal empire "u ! %ield ( ! *ur* %[ t1 z always1 !re 0 a brea* betwe5 ! ideas :i* p c>ri$ 9 _! heads & ! ?+s :i* actual circum/ances & go+ in/itutions compell$ !m to d4 ,!re is no ne$ to consid] ^! p>tial1 in/itutional utopias until we get d[n to ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,:at conc]ns u n[ is t ! ,k+dom ( ,heav51 z a utopia ( escape1 ceas$ to hold m5's allegiance :5 !y discov]$ o!r *annels & o!r possibilities4 ,! %ift f a heav5ly utopia to a worldly "o came dur+ t p]iod ( *ange & uneas9ess :i* *>act]iz$ ! decl9e ( ! ,middle ,age4 ,its fir/ expression is ! 8,utopia0 ( ,sir ,?omas ,m1 ! great *ancellor :o s]v$ "u ,h5ry ,,viii4 #b ,9 ! introduction to ,m's 8,utopia0 "o gets a vivid impression ( ! =ces t 7 /irr+ m5's m9ds out ( ! sluggi% r\t9e into :i* !y _h settl$4 ,! man :o is suppos$ to describe ! commonweal? ( ,utopia is a ,portuguese s*ol>1 le>n$ 9 ,greek4 ,he has left 8 family possessions ) 8 k9sm5 & has gone adv5tur+ = o!r cont95ts ) ,am]icus ,vesputius4 ,?is ,raphael ,hy?loday is ! sort ( sunburnt sailor "o c\ld probably h enc\nt]$ 9 ,bri/ol or ,cadiz or ,antw]p almo/ any day dur+ ! late "p ( ! fifte5? c5tury4 ,he has ab&on$ ,ari/otle1 :om ! s*oolm5 _h but*]$ & _h made pemmican (1 & ?r\gh 8 conque/ ( ,greek he has come into possession ( t new le>n+ :i* /ems back to ,plato2 & 8 bra9 is teem+ ) ! criticisms & sugge/ions ( a /range1 pagan philosophy4 ,moreov]1 he has be5 abroad to ! ,am]icas or ! ,indies1 & he is ready to tell all :o w li/5 ( a /range l& on ! o!r side ( ! _w1 :]e1 z ,/]ne said ( ,france1 8!y d ?+s bett]40 ,no in/itution is too fanta/ic b t x might exi/--on ! o!r side ( ! _w4 ,no way ( life is too reasonable b t a philosophical population might foll[ x--on ! o!r side ( ! _w4 ,conceive ( ! _w ( ideas :i* ,greek lit]ature _h j op5$ up com+ headlong aga9/ ! new l&s :i* ! magnetic compass _h giv5 m5 ! c\rage to explore1 & utopia1 z a fre% conception ( ! good life1 becomes a ?robb+ possibility4 #c ,9 sett+ out = ,utopia ,sir ,?omas ,m left beh9d a sc5e :i* 9 its political viol5ce & economic maladju/m5t looks que]ly l our own4 ,inde$1 !re are a good _m passages :i* ne$ only h a few names alt]$ & ! language itself ca/ into mod]n ,engli% 9 ord] to s]ve z editorial comm5t = a radical weekly review4 ,consid] ?is man ,raphael ,hy?loday1 ?is errant memb] ( ! intellig5tzia4 ,life z he kn[s x 9 ! ,europe ( 8 day no long] has a hold ^u him4 ,! ri* are fatt5+ ^u ! poor2 l& is be+ ga!r$ into big p>cels1 at lea/ 9 ,engl&2 & turn$ ov] into %eep runs4 ,! p :o us$ to cultivate ! l& are compell$ to leave _! few acres & are ?r[n on _! own res\rces4 ,soldi]s :o h return$ f ! w>s c f9d no?+ to d2 disabl$ vet]ans & p accu/om$ to live z p5sion]s on ! m prosp]\s h become de/itute4 ,extravagant luxury gr[s on "o h&2 mis]y on ! o!r4 ,^? :o are poor1 beg2 ^? :o are pr\d1 /eal2 & = _! pa9s ! ?ieves & ! vagrants are tri$ & s5t5c$ to ! gibbet1 :]e by doz5s !y hang be=e ! eyes ( ! m>ket cr[ds4 ,j z today1 p compla9 t ! laws are n /rict en\gh or t !y are n en=c$2 & ev]yone /ubbornly refuses to look at ! matt] ?r\gh ,raphael ,hy?loday's eyes & to see t ! robb]y & viol5ce :i* are abroad are n a cause ( bad times b a result ( !m4 ,:at c a man ( intellig5ce d 9 su* a _w8 ,m's fri5d1 ,pet] ,giles1 :o is repres5t$ z ! sponsor = ,raphael1 wond]s :y a man ( ,raphael's tal5t does n ent] into ! s]vice ( ! k+--9 %ort1 g 9 = politics4 ,raphael answ]s t he does n wi% to be enslav$2 & he _c try to fet* happ9ess on t]ms s abhorr5t to 8 disposition1 = 8mo/ pr9ces apply !mselves m to ! affairs ( w> ?an to ! useful arts ( peace1 & are m set on acquir+ new k+doms "r or wrong ?an on gov]n+ ^? !y possess40 ,!re is no use try+ to tell !m ab\t ! wis] in/itutions ( ! ,utopians3 if !y c\ld n refute y\r argum5ts !y w\ld say t ! old ways 7 good en\gh = _! ance/ors & are good en\gh = !m1 ev5 ?\gh !y h will+ly let g ( all ! g5u9ely good ?+s t might h be5 inh]it$ f ! pa/4 ,s mu* = ! help an intellig5t man might give on dome/ic problems4 ,z = int]national affairs1 x is a mess ( *icane & intrigue & brig&age4 ,:ile s _m p ( influ5ce are advis+ prep>$ness & 8h[ to c>ry on ! w>10 :at *ance w\ld a poor intellectual l ,hy?loday h if he /ood up & said t ! gov]nm5t %\ld )draw _! armies f =eign p>ts & try to improve conditions at home1 in/ead ( oppress+ ! p ) taxes & spill+ _! blood )\t br++ !m a s+le bless$ advantage1 :il/ _! mann]s are be+ corrupt$ by a long w>1 & _! laws fall into contempt1 ) robb]y & murd] on e h&4 ,m1 ?r\gh ! tongue ( ,raphael ,hy?loday1 is pa9t+ a picture ( ! life he sees ab\t him2 b 9 x we seem to see e feature ( our own national c\nt5ance4 ,?is unhonor$ & disori5t$ intellectual is ! v emblem ( "s ( our be/ spirits today4 ,rack & ru9 h gone too f> to admit ( any sort ( repair except t :i* proce$s f ! bottom up2 & s ,hy?loday freely admits t 8z long z !re is any prop]ty1 & :ile money is ! /&>d ( all o!r ?+s1 ,i _c ?9k t a nation c be gov]n$ ei!r ju/ly or happily2 n ju/ly1 because ! be/ ?+s w fall to ! %>e ( ! wor/ m52 nor happily1 because all ?+s w be divid$ among a few 7& ev5 ^! are n 9 all respects happy71 ! re/ be+ left to be absolutely mis]able40 ,9 %ort1 says ,hy?loday1 !re is no salvation except ?r\gh foll[+ ! practices ( ! ,utopians4 ,s ! new _w ( exploration br+s u )9 sight ( a new _w ( ideas1 & ! belov$ community1 ^: se$ ,plato _h s\ght to implant 9 m5's m9ds1 spr+s up aga91 aft] a fall[ p]iod ( almo/ two ?\s& ye>s4 ,:at sort ( c\ntry is x8 #d ,geographically view$1 ! isl& ( ,utopia exi/s only 9 ,m's imag9ation4 ,all t we c say ( x is t x is two hundr$ miles broad1 %ap$ some?+ l a cresc5t1 ) an entrance into its great bay :i* l5ds itself to def5ce4 ,!re are fifty-f\r cities 9 ! isl&2 ! ne>e/ is tw5ty-f\r miles f its neighbor1 & ! f>!/ is n m ?an a day's m>* di/ant4 ,! *ief t[n1 ,amaurot1 is situat$ v ne>ly 9 ! c5t]2 & ea* city has jurisdiction ov] ! l& = tw5ty miles ar\nd2 s t "h aga9 we f9d ! city-region z ! unit ( political life4 #e ,! economic base ( ?is commonweal? is agriculture1 & no "o is ignorant ( ! art4 ,"h & !re ov] ! c\ntryside are great f>m-h\ses1 equipt = c>ry+ on agricultural op]ations4 ,:ile ^? :o are well-adapt$ = rural life are free to live 9 ! op5 c\ntry ! :ole ye> r\nd1 o!r work]s are s5t by turns f ! city to take "p 9 ! f>m-labor4 ,e f>m/ead or 8family0 holds no less ?an =ty m5 & wom54 ,ea* ye> tw5ty ( ?is family come back to t[n aft] two ye>s 9 ! c\ntry2 & 9 _! place ano!r tw5ty is s5t out f ! t[n1 s t !y may le>n ! c\ntry "w f ^? :o h _h at lea/ a ye>'s exp]i5ce4 ,agricultural economics is s well advanc$ t ! c\ntryside kn[s exactly h[ mu* food is ne$$ by ! :ole city-region2 b ! ,utopians s[ & bre$ m abundantly ?an !y ne$1 9 ord] t _! neighbors may h ! ov]plus4 ,p\ltry-rais+ is also highly advanc$4 ,! ,utopians 8bre$ an inf9ite multitude ( *ick5s 9 a v curi\s mann]2 = ! h5s d n sit & hat* !m1 b va/ numb]s ( eggs are laid 9 a g5tle & equal heat1 9 ord] to be hat*$0--9 %ort1 !y h discov]$ ! incubator6 ,dur+ ! h>ve/ season ! c\ntry magi/rates in=m ! city magi/rates h[ _m extra h&s are ne$$ = reap+2 a draft ( city work]s is made1 & ! "w is commonly done 9 %ort ord]4 ,:ile e man1 woman1 & *ild kn[s h[ to cultivate ! soil1 s9ce ea* has le>n$ p>tly 9 s*ool & p>tly by practice1 e p]son also has "s 8peculi> trade to :i* he applies himself1 su* z ! manufacture ( wool or flax1 masonry1 smi?'s "w or c>p5t]'s "w02 & no trade is held 9 special e/eem above ! o!rs4 7,t is a great jump f ! ,republic :]e ! me*anic arts are consid]$ base & s]vile 9 nature67 ,! same trade usually passes d[n f fa!r to son1 s9ce ea* family foll[s its own special occupation2 b a man ^: g5ius lies ano!r way may be adopt$ into a family :i* plies ano!r trade2 & if aft] he has le>nt t trade1 he wi%es /ill to ma/] ano!r1 ?is *ange is br\ght ab\t 9 ! same mann]4 8,:5 he has le>n$ bo?1 he foll[s t :i* he likes be/1 unless ! public has m occasion = ! o!r40 ,! *ief & almo/ ! only bus9ess ( ! magi/rates is to see t no "o lives 9 idl5ess4 ,?is does n mean t ! ,utopians we> !mselves out ) 8p]petual toil f morn+ to night1 z if !y 7 bea/s ( burd510 = !y appo9t eight h\rs = sleep & six = "w1 & ! re/ ( ! day is left to ea* man's discretion4 ,!y are able to cut d[n ! l5g? ( "t ne$$ = "w1 )\t our s-call$ labor sav+ ma*9]y1 by us+ ! s]vices ( classes :i* 9 ,m's "t 7 giv5 = ! mo/ "p to idl5ess--pr9ces1 ri* m51 heal?y begg>s1 & ! l4 ,! only exception to ?is rule ( labor is ) ! magi/rates--:o are n 9 ! habit ( tak+ advantage ( x--& ! /ud5ts1 :o ^u prov+ _! ability are releas$ f me*anical op]ations4 ,if !re is too great a surplus ( labor1 m5 are s5t out to repair ! highways2 b :5 no public und]tak+ is to be p]=m$1 ! h\rs ( "w are less5$4 #f ,s mu* = ! daily indu/rial life ( ! ,utopians4 ,h[ are ! goods di/ribut$8 ,betwe5 ! city & ! c\ntry !re is a mon?ly ex*ange ( goods4 ,?is occasion is made a fe/ival1 & ! c\ntry p come into t[n & take back = !mselves ! goods :i* ! t[nspeople h made2 & ! magi/rates 8take c>e to see x giv5 to !m40 ,9 back ( ?is direct int]*ange ( goods betwe5 t[n & c\ntry1 betwe5 h\sehold & h\sehold1 !re are d\btless regulations2 & x is simply our mis=tune t ,raphael ,hy?loday did n ?9k x necess>y to g into !m4 ,)9 ! cities1 we mu/ add1 !re are /oreh\ses :]e a daily m>ket takes place4 ,z ) ! bus9ess ( production1 ! family is ! unit ( di/ribution2 & ! city is compos$ ( ^! units1 r ?an ( a multitude ( isolat$ individuals4 8,e city is divid$ into f\r equal p>ts1 & 9 ! middle ( ea* !re is a m>ketplace2 :at is br\ght hi!r1 & manufactur$ by ! sev]al families1 is c>ri$ f !nce to h\ses appo9t$ = t purpose1 9 :i* all ?+s ( a sort are laid by !mselves2 & ?i!r e fa!r goes & takes :atev] he or 8 family /& 9 ne$ (1 )\t ei!r pay+ = x or leav+ any?+ 9 ex*ange4 ,!re is no reason = giv+ d5ial to any p]son1 s9ce !re is su* pl5ty ( ev]y?+ among !m2 & !re is no dang] ( a man's ask+ = m ?an he ne$s2 !y h no inducem5ts to d ?is1 s9ce !y are sure !y %all always be suppli$40 ,m goes on to expla9 ?is direct sy/em ( ex*ange1 & to ju/ify x4 8,x is ! fe> ( want t makes any ( ! :ole race ( animals ei!r gre$y or rav5\s1 b besides fe>1 !re is 9 man a pride t makes him fancy x a p>ticul> glory to excel o!rs 9 pomp & excess4 ,b by ! laws ( ! ,utopians !re is no room = ?is4 ,ne> ^! m>kets are o!rs = all sorts ( provisions1 :]e !re are n only h]bs1 fruits1 & bread1 b also fi%1 f[l1 & cattle4 ,!re are also1 )\t _! t[ns1 places appo9t$ ne> "s runn+ wat] = kill+ _! bea/s1 & = wa%+ away _! fil?40 ,9 addition to ! mon?ly apportionm5t ( goods by ! local magi/rates1 ! great c\ncil :i* meets at ,amaurot once a ye> und]takes to exam9e ! production ( ea* region1 & ^? regions t suff] f a sc>city ( goods are suppli$ out ( ! surplus ( o!r regions1 8s t inde$ ! :ole isl& is1 z x 71 "o family40 ,tak+ x all toge!r1 !re is pretty mu* ! same /&>d ( well-be+ t we f\nd 9 ! ,republic4 ,m recognizes ! in/9ct = self-ass]tion & ! exhibitioni/ elem5t 9 man's makeup2 b he does n p&] to x4 ,! preci\s metals are held 9 contempt3 gold is us$ to make *amb]pots & *a9s = slaves2 pe>ls are giv5 to *ildr5 :o glory 9 !m & enjoy !m :ile !y are "y & are z mu* a%am$ to use !m aft]w>ds z !y are ( _! puppets & o!r toys4 ,gaudy clo!s & jewelry are likewise out ( fa%ion 9 ,utopia4 ,! %opkeep]s ( ,bond ,/reet & ,fif? ,av5ue w\ld break _! he>ts "h2 = x is impossible to sp5d money or to sp5d o!r p's labor on articles :i* l5d !mselves solely to conspicu\s display1 & are o!rwise nei!r useful nor beautiful4 ,contra/ ,m's ,utopia ) ,/4 ,john's vision ( heav51 & ! worldly ,utopia seems q nak$ & au/]e4 ,two hundr$ ye>s lat]1 9 ,p5n's city ( ,philadelphia1 we might h fanci$ t we 7 walk+ ab\t ! /reets ( ,amaurot4 #g ,! t[n life ( ! ,utopians1 z ,i h expla9$1 re/s ^u rural f\ndations2 !re is su* a mixture ( t[n & c\ntry z ,pet] ,kropotk9 s\ght to realize 9 8 sket* ( 8,fields1 ,factories1 & ,work%ops40 ,let u conjure up ! t[n ( ,amaurot & see 9 :at sort ( environm5t ! t[nspeople sp5d _! days4 ,our ,utopian city1 alas6 rem9ds u some:at ( its rivals 9 latt]-day ,am]ica2 = ,raphael tells u t he :o kn[s "o ( _! t[ns kn[s all ( !m4 ,amaurot lies on ! side ( a hill2 x is almo/ a squ>e1 two miles on ea* side2 & x faces ! riv] ,anid] :i* takes its rise eighty miles above ! t[n1 & gets lo/ 9 ! ocean sixty miles bel[4 ,! t[n is compass$ by a high1 ?ick wall2 ! /reets are conv5i5t = c>riages & %elt]$ f ! w9ds2 & ! h\ses are built 9 r[s s t a :ole side ( ! /reet looks l a s+le unit4 7,x 0 s t ! great p built _! h\ses 9 eighte5? c5tury ,london & ,ed9burgh1 z ,belgrave ,squ>e1 ,*>lotte ,squ>e1 & ! great ,adelphi ,mansion design$ by ! ,bro!rs ,adam %[ u47 ,! /reets are tw5ty feet broad2 & 9 back ( ! h\ses are g>d5s1 :i* ev]yone has a h& 9 keep+ up2 & ! p ( ! v>i\s blocks vie ) ea* o!r 9 ord]+ _! g>d5s1 s t !re is 8no?+ belong+ to ! :ole t[n t is m useful & m pleasant40 ,9 e /reet !re are great halls1 di/+ui%$ by p>ticul> names1 & ly+ at an equal di/ance f ea* o!r4 ,9 ea* hall dwells ! magi/rate ( a di/rict1 :o rules ov] ?irty families1 fifte5 liv+ on "o side & fifte5 on ano!r2 & s9ce a family consi/s ( n m ?an sixte5 & n less ?an t5 p1 ?is magi/rate--or ,phil>* z he is call$--is ! 8community lead]0 ( "s f\r hundr$ p4 ,9 ^! halls ev]yone meets & takes 8 pr9cipal meal4 ,! /ew>ds g to ! m>ket place at a p>ticul> h\r1 &1 accord+ to ! numb] ( p 9 _! halls1 c>ry home provisions4 ,! p :o are 9 hospitals--:i* are built outside ! walls & are s l>ge !y might pass = little t[ns--get ! pick ( ! day's food4 ,at ! h\rs ( d9n] & supp] ! :ole block is call$ toge!r by a trumpet1 & ev]ybody jo9s company1 except su* z are sick or 9 hospital1 j z ! /ud5ts & fell[s to ?is day eat _! pr9cipal meal 9 an ,ox=d college4 ,! dress+ ( meat & ! ord]+ ( ! tables belongs to ! wom52 all ^? ( e family tak+ _! place by turns4 ,9 ! same build+ !re is a common nurs]y & *apel2 & s ! wom5 :o h *ildr5 to c>e = labor "u no inconv5i5ce4 ,! midday meal is dispat*$ unc]emoni\sly2 b at ! end ( ! day music always accompanies ! meals1 p]fumes are burnt or spr9kl$ ar\nd1 & !y 8want no?+ t may *e] up _! spirits40 ,bond ,/reet & ,fif? ,av5ue may weep ab\t ! abs5ce ( conspicu\s wa/e 9 ,utopia2 b at supp] "t1 at any rate1 ,william ,p5n w\ld be uncom=table4 ,!re is ! odor ( an uncommonly good club 9 ! description ( ! f9al meal ( ! day3 ! smell ( ! b>racks or ! poorh\se1 :i* we %\ld f9d lat] 9 ,rob]t ,ow5's common halls1 does n intrude = an in/ant4 ,m1 :5 y exam9e him closely1 does n altoge!r =get ! mean s5sual man :o dwells occasionally 9 all ( u6 #h ,n[ t we h laid ! f\ndations ( ! mat]ial life1 we mu/ obs]ve ! limitations t are laid ^u ! daily activities ( ! ,utopians4 ,?is br+s u to ! gov]nm5t4 ,! basis ( ! ,utopian political /ate1 z 9 ! economic prov9ce1 is ! family4 ,e ye> ?irty families *oose a magi/rate1 kn[n z a ,phil>*2 & ov] e t5 ,phil>*s1 ) ! families subject to !m1 !re is an ,ar*phil>*4 ,all ! ,phil>*s1 :o are 9 numb] #bjj1 *oose ! ,pr9ce out ( a li/ ( f\r1 :o are nam$ by ! p ( ! f\r divisions ( ! city4 ,! ,pr9ce is elect$ = life1 unless he be remov$ on suspicion ( attempt+ to enslave ! p4 ,! ,phil>*s are *os5 = a s+le ye>2 b !y are frequ5tly re-elect$4 ,9 ord] to keep _! rul]s f conspir+ to upset ! gov]nm5t1 no matt] ( great importance c be set on foot )\t be+ s5t to ! ,phil>*s1 8:o1 aft] !y h communicat$ x to ! families t belong to _! divisions1 & h consid]$ x among !mselves1 make report to ! s5ate2 & ^u great occasions ! matt] is ref]r$ to ! c\ncil ( ! :ole isl&40 ,recollect t ea* h\sehold is an indu/rial z well z a dome/ic unit1 z 0 usual 9 ! ,middle ,age1 & y w p]ceive t ?is is an a/ute comb9ation ( indu/rial & political democracy on a g5u9e basis ( common int]e/4 ,! great] "p ( ! bus9ess ( ! gov]nm5t relates to ! economic life ( ! p4 ,!re are c]ta9 o!r matt]s1 h[ev]1 :i* rema9 ov] = !m2 & ^! affairs con/itute a blot on ,m's conception ( ! ideal commonweal?4 ,"o ( !m is ! regulation ( travel2 ano!r is ! treatm5t ( crime2 & a ?ird is w>4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t on two subjects :i* ,m is mightily conc]n$ to rectify 9 8 own c\ntry--crime & w>--he e/abli%es conditions :i* are pretty f> f be+ ideal or humane 9 8 ,utopia4 ,a4 ,e4 has well said t a man becomes ! image ( ! ?+ he hates4 ,ev]y?+ t ,raphael br+s up aga9/ ! gov]nm5t ( ,engl& 9 ! ,introduction to ,utopia c\ld be br\ght ) almo/ equal =ce1 ,i believe1 aga9/ ! v c\ntry :i* is to s]ve z a /&>d4 ,:ile any man may travel if !re is no p>ticul> occasion = him at home--:e!r he wi%es to visit fri5ds or see ! re/ ( ! c\ntry--x is necess>y = him to c>ry a passport f ! ,pr9ce4 ,if he /ay 9 any place long] ?an a night he mu/ foll[ 8 prop] occupation2 & if anyone goes out ( ! city )\t leave or is f\nd w&]+ ar\nd )\t a passport1 he is puni%$ z a fugitive1 & ^u committ+ ! (f5se a second "t is condemn$ to slav]y4 ,?is is a pla9 example ( unimag9ative h>%ness2 & x is h>d to expla9 away2 inde$1 ,i h no int5tion to4 ,app>5tly ,m c\ld n conceive ( a p]fectly happy commonweal? = ! majority ( m5 if !y /ill _h to p]=m c]ta9 fil?y daily tasks1 l ! slaught]+ ( beef2 & s he attempts to kill two birds ) "o /one3 he creates a class ( slaves1 & he fills ?is class by condemn+ to x p :o h committ$ v5ial crimes4 ,9 do+ ?is1 he ov]looks ! f9al objection to slav]y 9 all its =ms2 namely1 t x t5ds to corrupt ! ma/]4 ,s9ce we are discuss+ ! conditions t und]m9e ,m's commonweal?1 we may rem>k t w>1 too1 rema9s2 ! diff]5ce be+ t ! ,utopians attempt to d by /rategy1 corruption1 & :at we %\ld n[ call propag&a :at less intellig5t p d by %e] =ce ( arms4 ,if ! ,utopian incubator anticipates ! mod]n inv5tion1 _! me?od ( conduct+ w> likewise anticipates our mod]n te*nique ( und]m9+ ! enemy's morale3 ^! ,utopians1 9 ! good & ! bad1 are our contempor>ies6 ,among ! j causes ( w> ! ,utopians c\nt ! seizure ( t]ritory1 ! oppression ( =eign m]*ants1 & ! d5ial ( access to l& to nations capable ( cultivat+ x4 ,!y take consid]able pa9s to keep _! 8be/ sort ( m5 = _! own use at home1 s !y make use ( ! wor/ sort ( m5 = ! consumption ( w>40 ,9 o!r words1 !y reg>d w> z a means1 among o!r ?+s1 ( we$+ out undesirable elem5ts 9 ! community4 ,x is a relief to turn away f ^! residual iniquities to m>riage & religion6 ,9 m>riage !re is a curi\s mixture ( ! p]sonal conception ( sexual relations1 :i* is ! mod]n note1 ) a belief 9 c]ta9 =mal specifications :i* 0 ! di/9ctly m$ival quality4 ,?us on "o h& ! ,utopians take c>e t ! bride & ! bridegroom are introduc$ to ea* o!r1 9 _! nak$ness1 be=e ! c]emony2 & ! gr\nds = divorce are adult]y & insuff]able p]v]s5ess4 ,:5 two p _c agree !y are p]mitt$ to escape ! bond by mutual agreem5t "u approval grant$ by ! ,s5ate aft] /rict inquiry4 ,on ! o!r h&1 un*a/ity is /]nly puni%$1 & ^? :o commit adult]y are condemn$ to slav]y & n giv5 ! privilege ( a second m>riage4 ,9 religion !re is complete tol]ation = all cre$s1 ) ?is exception3 t ^? :o dispute viol5tly ab\t religion or attempt to use any o!r =ce ?an t ( mild p]suasion are puni%$ = break+ ! public peace4 #i ,!re is n ! space to foll[ ! life ( ! ,utopians 9 all its details4 ,x is "t to discuss ! _w ( ideas by :i* ^! ,utopians *>t _! daily activities4 ,?is exposition ( ! basic ,utopian values has be5 s admirably put by ,sir ,?omas ,m himself t ! great] "p ( our conclusion w inevitably fall )9 quotation m>ks4 ,! ,utopians 8def9e virtue ?us3 t x is a liv+ accord+ to ,nature1 & ?9k t we are made by ,god = t end2 !y believe t a man !n foll[s ,nature :5 he pursues or avoids ?+s accord+ to ! direction ( reason4444 ,reason directs u to keep our m9ds z free f passion & z *e]ful z we c1 & t we %\ld consid] ourselves b\nd by ! ties ( good-nature & humanity to use our utmo/ endeavors to help =w>d ! happ9ess ( all o!r p]sons2 = !re nev] 0 any man su* a morose & sev]e pursu] ( virtue1 su* an enemy to pleasure1 t ?\gh he set h>d rules = m5 to und]go mu* pa91 _m wat*+s & o!r rigors1 yet did n at ! same "t advise !m to d all !y c\ld to relieve & ease ! mis]able1 & :o did n repres5t g5tl5ess & good nature z amiable dispositions4444 ,a life ( pleasure is ei!r a real evil1 & 9 t case we ought n to assi/ o!rs 9 _! pursuit ( x1 b1 on ! contr>y1 to keep !m f x all we c1 z f t :i* is mo/ hurtful & deadly2 or if x is a good ?+1 s t we n only may b ought to help o!rs to x1 :y !n ought n a man to beg9 ) himself8 ,s9ce no man c be m b\nd to look aft] ! good ( ano!r ?an aft] 8 own4444 8,?us z !y def9e ,virtue to be liv+ accord+ to ,nature1 s !y imag9e t ,nature prompts all p to seek aft] pleasure1 z ! end ( all !y d4 ,!y also obs]ve t 9 ord] to fur!r our support+ ! pleasures ( life1 ,nature incl9es u to ent] into society2 = !re is no man s mu* rais$ above ! re/ ( mank9d z to be ! only favorite ( ,nature1 :o1 on ! contr>y1 seems to h plac$ on a level all ^? t belong to ! same species4 ,^u ?is !y inf] t no man ought to seek 8 own conv5i5ces s eag]ly z to prejudice o!rs2 & !re=e !y ?9k t all agreem5ts betwe5 private p]sons ought to be obs]v$1 b likewise t all ^? laws ought to be kept1 :i* ei!r a good pr9ce has publi%$ 9 due =m1 to :i* a p t is nei!r oppress$ ) tyranny nor circumv5t$ by fraud1 has cons5t$1 = di/ribut+ ^! conv5i5ces ( life :i* af=d u all our pleasures4 8,!y ?9k x is an evid5ce ( true wisdom = a man to pursue 8 own advantages1 z f> z ! laws all[ x4 ,!y acc\nt x piety to pref] public good to "o's private conc]ns2 b !y ?9k x unju/ = a man to seek = pleasure by snat*+ ano!r man's pleasures f him4 8,?us ^u an inquiry into ! :ole matt]1 !y reckon t all our actions1 & ev5 all our virtues1 t]m9ate 9 pleasure1 z 9 our *ief end & greate/ happ9ess2 & !y call e motion or /ate1 ei!r ( body or m9d1 9 :i* ,nature tea*es u to delight1 a pleasure4 ,!y cauti\sly limit pleasure only to ^? appetites to :i* ,nature leads u2 = !y say t ,nature leads u only to ^? delights to :i* reason z well z s5se c>ries u1 & by :i* we nei!r injure any o!r p]son nor lose ! possession ( great] pleasures1 & ( su* z draw no tr\bles aft] !m40 ,?us ! ,utopians discrim9ate betwe5 natural pleasures & ^? :i* h "s /+ or bitt]ness conceal$ 9 !m4 ,! love ( f9e clo!s is consid]$ by ,utopians z a pleasure ( ! latt] sort2 likewise is ! desire ( ^? :o possess f9e clo!s to be k[t[$ to by o!r p4 ,m5 :o heap up weal? )\t us+ x are 9 ! same class2 & ^? :o ?r[ dice or hunt--= 9 ,utopia hunt+ is turn$ ov] to ! but*]s1 & ! but*]s are slaves4 ,n[ ,utopians 8reckon up sev]al sorts ( pleasures :i* !y call true ones2 "s belong to ! body & o!rs to ! m9d4 ,! pleasures ( ! m9d lie 9 k1 & 9 t delight :i* ! contemplation ( tru? c>ries ) x2 to :i* !y add ! joyful reflections on a well-sp5t life2 & ! assur$ hopes ( a future happ9ess4 ,!y divide ! pleasures ( ! body into two sorts2 ! "o is t :i* gives our s5ses "s real delight1 & is p]=m$1 ei!r by recruit+ nature1 & supply+ ^? p>ts :i* fe$ ! int]nal heat ( life by eat+ & dr9k+2 or :5 nature is eas$ ( any sur*>ge t oppresses x2 :5 we are reliev$ f sudd5 pa91 or t :i* arises f satisfy+ ! appetite :i* ,nature has wisely giv5 = ! propagation ( ! species4 ,!re is ano!r k9d ( pleasure t arises nei!r f our receiv+ :at ! body requires1 nor its be+ reliev$ :5 ov]*>g$1 & yet by a secret1 unse5 virtue affects ! s5ses1 raises ! passions1 & /rikes ! m9d ) g5]\s impressions2 ?is is ! pleasure t arises f music4 ,ano!r k9d ( bodily pleasure is t :i* arises f an undi/urb$ & vigor\s con/itution ( body1 :5 life & active spirits seem to actuate e "p4 ,?is lively heal?1 :5 entirely free f all mixture ( pa91 ( itself gives an inw>d pleasure 444 & ,utopians reckon x ! f\ndation & basis ( all ! o!r joys ( life1 s9ce ?is alone makes ! /ate ( life easy & desirable2 & :5 ?is is want+ a man is really capable ( no o!r pleasure40 ,! cr[n+ pleasure ( ! ,utopian is ! cultivation ( ! m9d2 & ! leisure h\rs ( ! p1 z well z ! pr(essional s*ol>s1 are sp5t 9 ! lecture hall & ! /udy4 #aj ,su* are ! goals = :i* ! ,utopians direct _! social ord]4 ,^! values are1 ,i ne$ sc>cely po9t out1 root$ 9 ! nature ( man1 & n 9 any set ( ext]nal in/itutions4 ,! aim ( e ,utopian in/itution is to help e man to help himself4 ,:5 we put ! matt] 9 ^! bald phrases1 :at ,m br+s =w>d seems weak & platitud9\s4 ,beh9d x all1 h[ev]1 is a vital idea3 namely1 t our attempts to live ! good life are con/antly p]v]t$ by our ef=ts to ga9 a liv+2 & t by juggl+ ga9s & advantages1 by /riv+ aft] p[] & ri*es & di/9ction1 we miss ! opportunity to live z :ole m54 ,p become ! nursemaids ( _! furniture1 _! prop]ty1 _! titles1 _! position2 & s !y lose ! direct satisfaction t furniture or prop]ty w\ld give4 ,to cultivate ! soil r ?an simply to get away ) a job2 to take food & dr9k r ?an to e>n money2 to ?9k & dream & inv5t1 r ?an to increase "o's reputation2 9 %ort1 to grasp ! liv+ reality & spurn ! %ad[--?is is ! sub/ance ( ! ,utopian way ( life4 ,p[] & weal? & dignity & fame are ab/ractions2 & m5 _c live by ab/ractions alone4 ,9 ?is ,utopia ( ! ,new ,_w e man has ! opportunity to be a man because no "o else has ! opportunity to be a mon/]4 ,"h1 too1 ! *ief end ( man is t he %\ld gr[ to ! fulle/ /ature ( 8 species4 ,,*apt] ,,f\r ,h[ ! new ,humanism ( ! ,r5asc5ce br+s u )9 sight ( ,*ri/ianopolis2 & h[ we h = ! fir/ "t a glimpse ( a mod]n utopia4 ,,*apt] ,,f\r #a ,a hundr$ ye>s pass1 & ! man :o next conducts u into ,utopia is a ,humani/ s*ol>4 ,aft] ! mann] ( 8 "t1 he answ]s to ! lat9iz$ "n1 ,johann ,val5t9 ,&re4 ,he is a travell]1 a social re=m]1 & above all ?+s a prea*]2 & s ! vision he imp>ts to u ( ,*ri/ianopolis seems occasionally to flick] into blackness :il/ he moralizes = u & tells u to ! po9t ( t$ium :at 8 views are conc]n+ ! life ( man1 & 9 p>ticul> ! conceptions ( ,*ri/ianity :i* 8 c\ntrym51 ! ,g]mans1 are debat+ ab\t4 ,sometimes1 :5 we are on ! po9t ( com+ to grips ) 8 utopia1 he w annoy u by go+ (f on a long tirade ab\t ! wick$ness ( ! _w & ! necessity = fa/5+ "o's gaze ^u ! life h]eaft]--= ,prote/antism seems j z o!r-worldly z ,ca?olicism4 ,x is ! ,humani/ ,&re r ?an ! ,lu!ran ,&re :o pa9ts ! picture ( a ,*ri/ian city4 ,:ile ,&re /icks to ,*ri/ianopolis 8 insight is deep1 8 views are s\nd1 & 8 proposals are rational2 & m ?an once he w amaze u by putt+ =w>d ideas :i* seem to leap ?ree hundr$ ye>s ahead ( 8 "t & environm5t4 ,x is impossible to get rid ( ! p]sonal flavor ( ,&re3 8 f9e intellig5ce & 8 c&or make our contacts ) ,*ri/ianopolis q diff]5t f ! dre>y guidebook sket*es :i* "s ( ! lat] utopians w inflict ^u u4 ,! two o!r utopians :o wrote 9 ! same half c5tury z ,&re--,francis ,bacon & ,tommaso ,campanella--are q second-rate 9 comp>ison2 ,bacon ) 8 positively nauseat+ foppi%ness ab\t details 9 dress & 8 sup]/iti\s reg>d = =ms & c]emonials1 & ,campanella1 ! lonely monk ^: ,city ( ! ,sun seems a m>riage ( ,plato's ,republic & ! ,c\rt ( ,montezuma4 ,:5 ,bacon talks ab\t sci5ce1 he talks l a c\rt co/um] :o is 9 ! habit ( describ+ ! /age prop]ties = a masque2 & x is h>d to tell :e!r he is m int]e/$ 9 ! exp]im5ts p]=m$ by ! sci5ti/s ( ! ,new ,atlantis or ! sort ( clo!s !y we> :ile engag$ 9 !m4 ,!re is no?+ ( ! snob or ! dilettante ab\t ,&re3 ,8 eye fa/5s itself ^u ess5tials1 & he nev] leaves !m except :5--= he is necess>ily a man ( 8 age--he turns 8 gaze pi\sly to heav54 ,?is teem+1 /ruggl+ ,european _w t ,&re turns 8 back ^u he kn[s q well2 = he has liv$ 9 ,h]r5burg1 ,ko5igsbrunn1 ,tueb+51 ,/rassburg1 ,heidelb]g1 ,frankfurt1 ,g5eva1 ,vaih+51 & ,calw2 & he is 9 correspond5ce ) le>n$ m5 abroad1 9 p>ticul> ) ,samuel ,h>tlib1 :o lives 9 ,engl&1 & ) ,john ,amos ,com5ius4 ,l ! ,*ancellor 9 ,*ri/ianopolis1 he longs = an 8abode situat$ bel[ ! sky1 b at ! same "t above ! dregs ( ?is kn[n _w40 ,q simply1 he f9ds himself wreck$ on ! %ore ( an isl& dom9at$ by ! city ( ,*ri/ianopolis4 ,aft] be+ exam9$ z to 8 ideas ( life & morals1 8 p]son1 & 8 culture1 he is admitt$ to ! community4 #b ,?is isl& is a :ole _w 9 m9iature4 ,z 9 ! ,republic1 ! unit once m is ! valley section1 = ! 8isl& is ri* 9 gra9 & pa/ure fields1 wat]$ ) riv]s & brooks1 adorn$ ) woods & v9ey>ds1 full ( animals40 ,9 outw>d appe>ance1 ,*ri/ianopolis does n diff] v mu* f ! pictures ( ! cities "o f9ds 9 sev5te5? c5tury travel books1 except = a unity & ord]l9ess t ^! cities sometimes lack4 8,its %ape is a squ>e ^: side is #gjj feet1 well =tifi$ ) f\r t[]s & a wall4444 ,x looks !re=e t[>ds ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! e>?4 ,( build+s !re are two r[s1 or if y c\nt ! seat ( ! gov]nm5t & ! /oreh\ses1 f\r2 !re is only "o public /reet1 & only "o m>ketplace1 b ?is "o is ( a v high ord]40 ,9 ! middle ( ! city !re is a circul> temple1 a hundr$ feet 9 diamet]2 all ! build+s are ?ree /ories2 & public balconies lead to !m4 ,provision aga9/ fire is made by build+ ! h\ses ( burnt /one & sep>at+ !m by fire-pro( walls4 ,9 g5]al1 8?+s look mu* ! same all ar\nd1 n extravagant nor yet unclean2 fre% air & v5tilation are provid$ ?r\gh\t4 ,ab\t f\r hundr$ citiz5s live "h 9 religi\s fai? & peace ( ! highe/ ord]40 ,! :ole city is divid$ into ?ree p>ts1 "o to supply food1 "o = drill & ex]cise1 & "o = looks4 ,! rema9d] ( ! isl& s]ves ! purposes ( agriculture1 & = work%ops4 #c ,:5 we look back ^u ! ,republic1 ) its ext]nal organization s pla9ly model$ ^u milit>y ,sp>ta1 we see ! camp & ! soldi] giv+ ! patt]n to ! life ( ! :ole community4 ,9 ,utopia1 ! fundam5tal unit 0 ! f>m/ead & ! family2 & family discipl9e1 :i* arises naturally en\gh 9 rural conditions1 0 transf]r$ to ! city4 ,9 ,*ri/ianopolis1 ! work%op & ! work] set ! l9es ^u :i* ! community is develop$2 & :atev] else ?is society may be1 x is a 8republic ( work]s1 liv+ 9 equality1 desir+ peace1 & r5\nc+ ri*es40 ,if ,utopia exhibits ! communism ( ! family1 ,*ri/ianopolis pres5ts ! communism ( ! guild4 ,indu/rially speak+1 !re are ?ree sections 9 ,*ri/ianopolis4 ,"o ( !m is devot$ to agriculture & animal husb&ry4 ,ea* ( ^! dep>tm5ts has appropriate build+s1 & directly opposite !m is a r l>ge t[] :i* connects !m ) ! city build+s2 "u ! t[] a broad vault$ entrance leads into ! city1 & a small] "o to ! individual h\ses4 ,! dome ( ?is t[] ro(s :at we %\ld call a guildhall1 & "h ! citiz5s ( ! qu>t] come toge!r z (t5 z requir$ to 8act on sacr$ z well z civil matt]s40 ,x is pla9 t ^! work]s are n %eep l$ by wise %eph]ds1 z 9 ! ,republic1 b ! memb]s ( autonom\s1 self-regulat+ gr\ps4 ,! next qu>t] conta9s ! mills1 bake-%ops1 meat-%ops1 & factories = mak+ :atev] is done ) ma*9]y ap>t f fire4 ,z ,*ri/ianopolis welcomes orig9ality 9 inv5tion1 !re are a v>iety ( ent]prises )9 ?is doma92 among !m1 pap] manufactur+ plants1 saw mills1 & e/abli%m5ts = gr9d+ & poli%+ arms & tools4 ,!re are common kit*5s & wa% h\ses1 too2 =1 z we %all see pres5tly1 life 9 ?is ideal city corresponds to :at we exp]i5ce today 9 ,new ,york1 ,london1 & _m ano!r mod]n indu/rial city4 ,! ?ird qu>t] is giv5 ov] to ! metallurgical indu/ries1 z well z to ^? l ! glass1 brick1 & e>!nw>e indu/ries :i* require con/ant fire4 ,x is necess>y to po9t out t 9 plann+ ! indu/rial qu>t]s ( ,*ri/ianopolis1 ^! sev5te5? c5tury ,utopians h anticipat$ ! be/ practice t has be5 work$ out today1 aft] a c5tury ( disord]ly build+4 ,! sep>ation ( ! city into zones1 ! di/9ction betwe5 8heavy0 indu/ries & 8light0 indu/ries1 ! gr\p+ ( simil> indu/rial e/abli%m5ts1 ! provision ( an agricultural zone adjac5t to ! city--9 all ?is our g>d5 cities are b belat$ reproductions ( ,*ri/ianopolis4 ,moreov]1 9 ,*ri/ianopolis1 !re is a consci\s application ( sci5ce to indu/rial processes2 "o might almo/ say t ^! artisans believ$ 9 effici5cy eng9e]+2 = 8"h 9 tru? y see a te/+ ( nature h]self4 ,! m5 are n driv5 to a "w ) :i* !y are unfamili>1 l pack-animals to _! task1 b !y h be5 tra9$ be=e 9 an accurate k ( sci5tific matt]s10 on ! !ory t 8unless y analyze matt] by exp]im5t1 unless y improve ! defici5cies ( k by m capable in/rum5ts1 y are wor?less40 ,! dep5d5ce ( indu/rial improvem5t ^u delib]ate sci5tific rese>* may be a new discov]y = ! practical man1 b x is an old /ory 9 ,utopia4 #d ,:at is ! "* ( ?is artisan democracy8 ,! answ] to ?is is summ$ up 9 "o ( ^? say+s t ,&re1 9 ! mid/ ( 8 en]getic exposition1 drops by ! way4 8,to be wise & to "w are n incompatible1 if !re is mod]ation40 ,s x foll[s t 8_! artisans are almo/ entirely educat$ m54 ,= t :i* o!r p ?9k is ! prop] *>act]i/ic ( a few 7& yet if y consid] ! /uff+ ( inexp]i5ce by le>n+1 ! *>act]i/ic ( too _m already7 ?is1 ! inhabitants argue1 %\ld be atta9$ by all individuals4 ,!y say t nei!r ! sub/ance ( lett]s is su*1 nor yet ! difficulty ( "w1 t "o man1 if giv5 en\gh "t1 _c ma/] bo?40 8,_! "w1 or z !y pref] to he> x call$1 #8! employm5t ( _! h&s1' is conduct$ 9 a c]ta9 prescrib$ way1 & all ?+s are br\ght into a public boo?4 ,f "h e workman receives out ( ! /ock on h& :atev] is necess>y = ! "w ( ! com+ week4 ,= ! :ole city is1 z x 71 "o s+le work%op1 b ( all diff]5t sorts & crafts4 ,! ones 9 *>ge ( ^! duties are /ation$ 9 ! small t[]s at ! corn]s ( ! wall2 !y "k ahead ( "t :at is to be made1 9 :at quantity1 & ( :at =m1 & !y in=m ! me*anics ( ^! items4 ,if ! supply ( mat]ial 9 ! "w boo? is suffici5t1 ! workm5 are p]mitt$ to indulge & give free play to _! inv5tive g5ius4 ,no "o has any money1 nor is !re any use = any private money2 yet ! republic has its own treasury4 ,& 9 ?is respect ! inhabitants are especially bless$1 because no "o c be sup]ior to ! o!r 9 ! am\nt ( ri*es own$1 s9ce ! advantage is r "o ( p[] & g5ius1 & ! highe/ respect t ( morals & piety4 ,!y h v few work+ h\rs1 yet no less is accompli%$ ?an 9 o!r places1 z x is consid]$ disgraceful by all t "o %\ld take m re/ & leisure "t ?an is all[$40 ,9 addition to ! special trades1 !re are 8public duties to :i* all citiz5s h obligation1 su* z wat*+1 gu>d+1 h>ve/+ ( gra9 & w9e1 work+ roads1 erect+ build+s1 dra9+ gr\nd2 also c]ta9 duties ( assi/+ 9 ! factories :i* are impos$ ^u all 9 turn accord+ to age & sex1 b n v (t5 nor = a long "t4 ,= ev5 ?\gh c]ta9 exp]i5c$ m5 are put 9 *>ge ( all ! duties1 yet :5 m5 are ask$ =1 no "o refuses ! /ate 8 s]vices & /r5g?4 ,= :at we are 9 our homes1 !y are 9 _! city1 :i* !y n undes]v$ly ?9k a home4 ,& = ?is reason x is no disgrace to p]=m any public function4444 ,h5ce all "w1 ev5 t :i* is consid]$ r irksome1 is accompli%$ 9 good "t1 & )\t mu* difficulty1 s9ce ! promptness ( ! great numb] ( workm5 p]mits !m easily to collect or di/ribute ! great mass ( ?+s40 ,9 ?is ,*ri/ianopolis1 z ,mr4 ,b]tr& ,russell w\ld put x1 ! creative r ?an ! possessive impulses are upp]mo/4 ,"w is ! ma9 condition ( exi/5ce1 & ?is good community faces x4 ,x is a pretty contra/ to ! attitude ( ! leisur$ classes :o1 z ,&re says1 ) an entirely mi/ak5 s5se ( delicacy %r9k f t\*+ e>?1 wat]1 /ones1 coal1 & ?+s ( t sort1 b ?9k x gr& to h 9 _! possession to delight !m 8horses1 dogs1 h>lots & o!r simil> creatures40 #e ,! place ( comm]ce 9 ?is s*eme ( life is simple4 ,x does n exi/ = ! sake ( individual ga94 ,h5ce no "o engages 9 comm]ce on 8 own hook1 = su* matt]s are put 9 ! h&s ( 8^? select$ to att5d to !m10 & ! aim ( comm]ce is n to ga9 money b to increase ! v>iety ( ?+s at ! disposal ( ! local community2 s t--& aga9 ,&re /eps 9 = emphasis--8we may see ! peculi> production ( ea* l&1 & s communicate ) ea* o!r t we may seem to h ! advantages ( ! univ]se 9 "o place1 z x 740 #f ,! con/itution ( ! family 9 ,*ri/ianopolis foll[s pretty def9itely ^u ! l9es dictat$ by urban occupations2 = ,&re is a city man1 & s9ce he does n despise ! advantages city life c give1 he does n %r9k f _! consequ5ces4 ,"o ( ^! consequ5ces is1 surely1 ! re/riction ( dome/icity1 or r1 ! projection 9 ! city at l>ge ( ! functions t 9 a f>m/ead w\ld be c>ri$ on )9 ! bosom ( ! family4 ,:5 a lad is tw5ty-f\r & a lass is eighte51 !y are p]mitt$ to m>ry1 ) ! b5efit ( ,*ri/ian rites & s]vices1 & a decor\s avoidance ( drunk5ness & gluttony aft] ! c]emony4 ,m>riage is a simple matt]4 ,!re are no d[ries to consid]1 no pr(essional anxieties to face1 no h\s+ %ortage to keep "o f f9d+ a home1 & above all1 p]haps1 no l&lord to propitiate ) money1 s9ce all h\ses are own$ by ! city & are grant$ & assign$ to individuals = _! use4 ,virtue & beauty are ! only qualities t gov]n a m>riage 9 ,*ri/ianopolis4 ,furniture is provid$ ) ! h\se out ( ! public /ore4 ,if 9 ,utopia ! families are gr\p$ toge!r 9 a patri>*al h\sehold1 su* z ,m himself ma9ta9$ at ,*elsea1 9 ,*ri/ianopolis !y consi/ ( isolat$ c\ples1 f\r1 at mo/ six p 9 all1 a woman1 a man1 & su* *ildr5 z are n yet ( s*ool age4 ,let u visit a "y c\ple 9 ,*ri/ianopolis4 ,we rea* ! h\se by way ( a /reet1 tw5ty feet broad1 fac$ by h\ses ) a wide frontage on ! /reet1 "s =ty feet 9 l5g?1 & ( f fifte5 to tw5ty-five feet 9 dep?4 ,9 our cr[d$ t[ns1 today1 :]e p pay = l& by ! front foot1 ! frontage is n>r[ & ! h\ses are deep2 & z a result !re is a dreadful insuffici5cy ( light & air2 b 9 ,*ri/ianopolis1 z 9 "s ( ! old] ,european t[ns1 ! h\ses are built to get a maximum ( air & sunlight4 ,if x is ra9+ :5 we make our visit1 a cov]$ walk1 five feet wide1 support$ by columns twelve feet high1 w %elt] u f ! ra94 ,our fri5ds live1 we %all say1 9 "o ( ! av]age ap>tm5ts2 s !y h ?ree rooms1 a ba?room1 a sleep+ ap>tm5t1 & a kit*54 8,! middle "p )9 ! t[] has a little op5 space ) a wide w9d[1 :]e wood & ! heavi] ?+s are rais$ al(t by pulleys0--9 %ort1 a dumbwait]4 ,look+ out f ! w9d[ 9 ! re>1 we face a well-kept g>d52 & if our ho/ is incl9$ to give u w9e1 he may let u take our pick f among ! cobwebs ( a small private cell> 9 ! basem5t1 :]e su* ?+s are kept4 ,if x is a cold day1 ! furnace is go+2 or if we happ5 to make our visit 9 ! summ] "t1 ! awn+s are drawn4 ,our ho/ makes apologies1 p]haps1 = a litt] ( wood & %av+s t occupies a corn] ( ! kit*51 = he has j be5 putt+ up a few %elves 9 8 sp>e "t1 & has borr[$ a kit ( tools f ! public supply h\se4 7,s9ce he is n a c>p5t]1 he has no ne$ = ^! tools ! re/ ( ! ye>2 & o!r p c h _! turn at !m47 ,com+ f ,utopia1 "o ( ! ?+s t /rikes u is ! abs5ce ( dome/ic att5dance2 & :5 we ask our ho/ess ab\t x1 %e tells u t %e w n h anyone to wait ^u h] until %e is conf9$4 8,b isn't !re a lot ( "w = y to d all by y\rself80 we %all ask4 8,n = anybody ) a college tra9+10 %e w answ]4 8,y see t our furni%+s are q simple2 & s9ce !re are no gimcracks to be du/$1 no poli%$ tables to be oil$1 no c>pets to be swept1 & no?+ 9 our ap>tm5t t is j = %[ to prove t we c af=d to live bett] ?an our neighbors1 ! "w is sc>cely m ?an en\gh to keep "o 9 good heal? & temp]4 ,( c\rse1 cook+ meals is always some?+ ( a nuisance2 & wa%+ up is worse4 ,b my husb& & ,i %>e ! "w toge!r1 9 ev]y?+ b sew+ & wa%+ clo!s1 & y w\ld be surpris$ h[ quickly ev]y?+ gets done4 ,"w is usually gall+ :5 somebody else is tak+ 8 ease :ile "o is do+ x2 b :]e husb& & wife %>e alike1 z 9 ,*ri/ianopolis1 !re is really no?+ to x4 ,if y'll /ay to d9n]1 y'll f9d out h[ easily x goes4 ,s9ce y hav5't br\ght y\r rations1 my husb& w get "s cook$ meats 9 ! public kit*51 & t w d = all ( u40 8,no "o ne$ be surpris$ at ! r cramp$ qu>t]s10 ,&re ha/5s to int]ject4 8,p :o h\se vanity 444 c nev] live spaci\sly en\gh4 ,!y burd5 o!rs & are burd5$ !mselves1 & no "o measures _! necessities1 nay ev5 _! com=ts1 easily o!rwise ?an by an unbe>able & unmovable mass4 ,oh1 only ^? p]sons are ri* :o h all ( :i* !y h real ne$1 :o admit no?+ else1 m]ely because x is possible to h x 9 abundance40 ,c>ri$ to its extreme1 y w f9d ?is philosophy put once = all 9 ,?oreau's ,wald54 ,we h got our be>+s 9 ,utopia1 ,i believe1 :5 we h det]m9$ :at a life abundant consi/s (1 & :at w suffice = x4 #g ,suppose t our fri5ds h *ildr54 ,dur+ ! e>ly ye>s ( _! life !y are 9 ! c>e ( _! "m4 ,:5 !y h complet$ _! six? ye>1 ! *ildr5 are giv5 ov] to ! c>e ( ! community1 & bo? sexes cont9ue 9 s*ool ?r\gh ! /ages ( *ildhood1 y\?1 & e>ly maturity4 8,no p>5t gives clos] or m c>eful att5tion to 8 *ildr5 ?an is giv5 "h1 = ! mo/ upright preceptors1 m5 z well z wom51 are plac$ ov] !m4 ,moreov]10 ! p>5ts 8c visit _! *ildr51 ev5 unse5 by !m1 z (t5 z !y h leisure4 ,z ?is is an in/itution = ! public good1 x is manag$ agreeably z a common *>ge = all ! citiz5s4 ,!y see to x t ! food is appetiz+ & :olesome1 t ! c\*es & b$s are clean & com=table1 & t ! clo!s & attire ( ! :ole body are clean4444 ,if diseases ( ! sk9 or body are contract$1 ! individuals are c>$ = 9 good "t2 & to avoid ! spread+ ( infection1 !y are qu>ant9$40 ,!re is sc>cely ne$ to exam9e ! program ( /udy except 9 its broad outl9es4 ,x is en\gh to obs]ve t 8! "y m5 h _! /udy p]iod 9 ! morn+1 ! girls 9 ! aft]noon1 & matrons z well z le>n$ m5 are _! in/ructors4444 ,! re/ ( _! "t is devot$ to manual tra9+ & dome/ic art & sci5ce1 z ea* "o's occupation is assign$ to 8 natural incl9ation4 ,:5 !y h vacant "t !y are p]mitt$ to engage 9 honorable physical ex]cises ei!r 9 ! op5 spaces ( ! t[n or 9 ! field40 ,two po9ts1 h[ev]1 des]ve our att5tion4 ,! fir/ is t ! s*ool is run z a m9iature republic4 ,! second is ! calibre ( ! in/ructors4 8,! in/ructors10 says our zeal\s humani/1 8are n m5 f ! dregs ( human society nor su* z are useless = o!r occupations1 b ! *oice ( all ! citiz5s1 p]sons ^: /&+ 9 ! ,republic is kn[n & :o v (t5 h access to ! highe/ positions ( ! /ate40 ,! la/ phrase aga9 transports me back to ! mod]n _w4 ,i see ?is f9e humani/ ideal budd+ 9 ano!r place4 ,?is "t x is a summ] s*ool 9 ! hills ( ,new ,hamp%ire1 :]e ! *ildr5 gov]n !mselves 9 ! classroom1 :]e !re is no puni%m5t except tempor>y exclusion f ! gr\p1 & :]e1 above all1 ea* in/ructor is *os5 because ( 8 creative practice 9 ! subject :i* he tea*es3 a highly gift$ compos] tea*es music1 an a?lete tea*es gymna/ics1 a poet tea*es lit]ature4 ,!n ,i ?9k ( all ! casual & wa/$ tal5ts ( p :o = little m ?an ! ask+ w\ld %>e _! love ( ! arts & sci5ces ) little *ildr51 if only ^? :o are 9 *>ge ( little *ildr5 7 n too bl9d or too fe>ful to make use ( !m4 ,f>aday's classic lectures on ! physics ( ! c&le1 & ,rusk9's addresses to a "y ladies' bo>d+ s*ool on ! function ( lit]ature--su* ?+s might be multipli$4 ,x is n ! creation ( ?is utopian me?od t is difficult2 = ! ?+ has already be5 done3 :at we ne$ is its ext5sion4 ,!n *ildr5 might come to s*ool z gaily z !y d 9 ,pet]bor\gh1 ,n4 ,h41 on ! lu% summ] morn+s2 & p w\ld n turn _! backs on le>n+ any m ?an !y w\ld turn _! backs on life4 ,if anyone ?9ks t ,johann ,&re's prescription = a tea*+ /aff is an impossible "o1 let him visit ! ,pet]bor\gh ,s*ool1 & exam9e its records & a*ievem5ts4 ,x rema9s to record ! fur!r /ages ( le>n+4 ,! halls ( ! c5tral citadel are divid$ into twelve dep>tm5ts1 & except = ! armory1 ! ar*ives1 ! pr9t+ e/abli%m5t1 & ! treasury1 ^! halls are devot$ entirely to ! arts & sci5ces4 ,!re is1 to beg9 )1 a laboratory ( physical sci5ce4 8,"h ! prop]ties ( metals1 m9]als1 & vegetables1 & ev5 ! life ( animals1 are exam9$1 purifi$1 increas$1 & unit$ = ! use ( ! human race & 9 ! int]e/s ( heal?4444 ,"h m5 le>n to regulate fire1 make use ( air1 value ! wat]1 & te/ ! e>?40 ,next to ?is laboratory is a ,drug ,supply ,h\se1 :]e a ph>macy is sci5tifically develop$1 = ! cur+ ( physical disease1 & adjo9+ ?is is a s*ool ( m$ic9e1 or z ,&re reports1 8a place giv5 ov] to anatomy4444 ,! value ( asc]ta9+ ! location ( ! organs & ( assi/+ ! /ruggles ( nature no "o w\ld d5y1 unless he be z ignorant ( himself z are ! b>b>ians4444 ,! inhabitants ( ,*ri/ianopolis tea* _! y\? ! op]ations ( life & ! v>i\s organs1 f ! p>ts ( ! physical body40 ,we come n[ !n to a ,natural ,sci5ce laboratory :i* is 9 effect a ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 an in/itution f\nd$ 9 ,utopia a c5tury & a half be=e a p>tial & inadequate sub/itute--a m]e ext5sion ( ! curio *amb] ( a ,c\ntry ,h\se--0 pres5t$ to an admir+ _w z ! ,briti% ,museum4 8,?is10 z ,&re says1 8_c be too elegantly describ$10 & ,i he>tily agree ) him2 = he pa9ts ! picture ( a museum :i* ! ,am]ican ,museum at ,new ,york or ,s\? ,k5s+ton 9 ,london has only begun to realize )9 ! la/ decade or two ( _! exi/5ce4 8,natural hi/ory is "h se5 pa9t$ on ! walls 9 detail1 & ) greate/ skill4 ,! ph5om5a ( ! sky1 views ( ! e>? 9 diff]5t regions1 ! diff]5t races ( m51 repres5tations ( animals1 ! =ms ( gr[+ ?+s1 classes ( /ones & gems1 are n only on h& & nam$1 b !y ev5 tea* & make kn[n _! nature & qualities4444 ,truly is n recognition ( ?+s ( ! e>? mu* easi] ( compet5t demon/ration if illu/rative mat]ials are at h& & if !re is "s guide to ! memory8 ,= in/ruction ent]s altoge!r m easily ?r\gh ! eyes ?an ?r\gh ! e>s1 & mu* m pleasantly 9 ! pres5ce ( ref9em5t ?an among ! base4 ,!y are deceiv$ :o ?9k x is impossible to tea* except 9 d>k caves & ) a gloomy br[4 ,a lib]al m9d$ man is nev] s ke5 z :5 he has 8 in/ructors on confid5tial t]ms40 ,go+ f>!r1 we f9d a ma!matics laboratory & a dep>tm5t ( ma!matical in/rum5ts4 ,! fir/ is 8rem>kable = its diagrams ( ! heav5s1 z ! hall ( physics = its diagrams ( ! e>?4444 ,a *>t ( ! />-/udd$ heav5s & a reproduction ( ! :ole %9+ ho/ above 7 %[n10 444 & also 8diff]5t illu/rations repres5t+ tools & ma*9es1 small models1 figures ( geometry2 in/rum5ts ( ! me*anical arts1 drawn1 nam$1 & expla9$40 ,i _c help express+ my admiration "h = ! concrete imag9ation ( ?is rem>kable s*ol>3 he delib]ately anticipat$1 n 9 ! vague1 allegorical =m t ,bacon does1 b z lucidly z an ar*itect or a museum curator1 ! sort ( in/itute :i* ,s\? ,k5s+ton1 ) its ,dep>tm5ts ( ,physical & ,natural ,sci5ce1 or p]haps ! ,smi?sonian 9 ,am]ica1 has j begun to resemble4 ,if our museums _h begun ) ! ideal ,&re _h 9 m9d1 in/ead ( ) ! miscellane\s rubbi% :i* 0 ! nucleus ( _! collections--& /ill rema9s ! nucleus 9 _m ( ! less advanc$ in/itutions--! pres5tation ( ! sci5ces w\ld be a m adequate ?+ ?an x is4 ,does ,&re leave ! f9e arts out ( 8 picture8 ,by no means4 8,opposite ! ph>macy is a v roomy %op = pictorial art1 an art 9 :i* ! city takes ! greate/ delight4 ,= ! city1 besides be+ decorat$ all ov] ) pictures repres5t+ ! v>i\s phases ( ! e>?1 makes use ( !m especially 9 ! in/ruction ( y\? & = r5d]+ le>n+ m easy4444 ,besides1 pictures & /atues ( fam\s m5 are to be se5 ev]y:]e1 an inc5tive ( no mean value to ! "y = /riv+ to imitate _! virtue4444 ,at ! same "t also1 ! beauty ( =ms is s pleas+ to !m t !y embrace ) a :ole he>t ! inn] beauty ( virtue itself40 ,at ! summit ( art & sci5ce we naturally f9d 9 ,*ri/ianopolis ! temple ( religion4 ,alas6 ! h& ( ,calv9 has be5 busy 9 ,*ri/ianopolis--recollect t ,&re once liv$ 9 ,g5eva & admir$ its ord9ances--& att5dance at pray]s is compulsory4 ,9 ord] to get an idea ( ?is great circul> temple1 ?ree hundr$ sixte5 feet 9 circumf]5ce & sev5ty feet high1 we mu/ ?9k ( a colossal mov+ picture !at] 9 a mod]n metropolis4 ,! comp>ison is n ess5tially sacrilegi\s2 & ,i believe t ^? :o w take ! tr\ble to look bel[ ! surface w f9d )\t difficulty ! common d5om9ator betwe5 ! pr(ane & ! ecclesia/ical in/itution4 7,att5dance at motion pictures1 ,i mu/ quickly add = ! b5efit ( ! future hi/orian1 has n yet be5 made compulsory 9 ! mod]n metropolis47 ,"o-half ( ! temple is :]e ! public ga!r+s take place2 & ! o!r is res]v$ = ! di/ribution ( ! sacram5ts & = music4 8,at ! same "t1 ! sacr$ com$ies1 by :i* !y set s mu* /ore1 & are ent]ta9$ e ?ree mon?s1 are %[n 9 ! temple40 #h ,we h discuss$ folk1 "w1 & place 9 ,*ri/ianopolis2 & we h dealt 9 an admitt$ly sket*y fa%ion ) culture & art4 ,we mu/ n[ turn att5tion to ! polity2 & "h we mu/ note t ,&re's description %ifts = once to an allegorical plane1 & dep>ts n a little f ! realism ( 8 treatm5t ( sci5ce & ! arts4 ,at ! bottom ( ! polity !re are glimpses ( a local indu/rial association1 meet+ 9 ! common halls t are provid$ 9 ! t[]s ( ea* ( ! indu/rial qu>t]s2 & we ga!r t to repres5t ! city at l>ge tw5ty-f\r c\ncilm5 are *os51 :ile z ! executive dep>tm5t !re is a triumvirate consi/+ ( a ,m9i/]1 a ,judge1 & a ,director ( ,le>n+1 ea* ( :om is m>ri$1 = metaphorical po9t1 to ,consci5ce1 ,und]/&+1 & ,tru?1 respectively4 8,ea* "o ( ! lead]s does 8 own duty1 yet n )\t ! k ( o!rs2 all consult toge!r 9 matt]s t conc]n ! safety ( ! /ate40 ,9 ! c5sor%ip ( books1 ,*ri/ianopolis rem9ds u ( ! ,republic2 9 ! exclusion ( lawy]s x calls up ne>ly e o!r utopia2 & 9 its attitude t[>ds crime x has a temp]ance & l5i5cy t is all its own1 = 8! judges ( ?is ,*ri/ian city obs]ve ?is cu/om especially1 t !y puni% mo/ sev]ely ^? misde$s :i* are direct$ /raight aga9/ ,god1 less sev]ely ^? :i* injure m51 & lighte/ ( all ^? :o h>m only prop]ty4 ,z ! ,*ri/ian citiz5s are always *>y ( spill+ blood1 !y d n will+ly agree ^u ! dea? s5t5ce z a =m ( puni%m5t4444 ,= anyone c de/roy a man b only ! be/ c re=m40 ,h[ %all we sum up ?is gov]nm5t8 ,let ,&re speak 8 own words2 = he has rea*$ ! inn]mo/ %r9e ( ,*ri/ianopolis & p]ceives ! c5t] ( activity 9 ! /ate4 8,"h religion1 ju/ice1 & le>n+ h _! abode1 & !irs is ! control ( ! city4444 ,i (t5 wond] :at p mean :o sep>ate & disjo9t _! be/ p[]s1 ! jo9+ ( :i* might r5d] !m bless$ z f> z may be on e>?4 ,!re are ^? :o w\ld be consid]$ religi\s1 :o ?r[ (f all ?+s human2 !re are "s :o are pleas$ to rule1 ?\gh )\t any religion at all2 le>n+ makes a great noise1 flatt]+ n[ ?is "o1 n[ t1 yet applaud+ itself mo/4 ,:at f9ally may ! tongue d except provoke ,god1 confuse m51 & de/roy itself8 ,s !re w\ld seem to be a ne$ ( co-op]ation :i* only ,*ri/ianity c give--,*ri/ianity :i* conciliates ,god ) m5 & unites m5 toge!r1 s t !y h pi\s ?\ghts1 d good de$s1 "k ! tru?1 & f9ally die happily to live et]nally40 ,!re are "s :o might object to ?is /atem5t on ! gr\nd t x smack$ too he>tily ( sup]natural religion2 b x rema9s j z valid if we translate x into t]ms ^: !ological reactions h be5 neutraliz$4 ,to h a s5se ( values1 to "k ! _w 9 :i* !y are set1 & to be able to di/ribute !m--?is is our mod]n v]sion ( ,&re's conception ( religion1 le>n+1 & ju/ice4 ,a little se>* might uncov] ano!r expression ( ! ,humani/ ideal z complete & magnific5t z ?is2 b ,i d\bt if x w\ld f9d a bett] "o4 ,9 ess5ce1 ?is blunt & =?right ,g]man s*ol> is /&+ %\ld] to %\ld] ) ,plato3 8 ,*ri/ianopolis is z endur+ z ! be/ nature ( m54 ,,*apt] ,,five ,h[ ,bacon & ,campanella1 :o h a great reputation z utopians1 are little bett] ?an e*oes ( ! m5 :o w5t be=e !m4 ,,*apt] ,,five #a ,a ,g5oese sea-capta9 is ! gue/ ( a ,gr& ,ma/] ( ! ,knights ,hospitall]4 ,?is sea-capta9 tells him ( a great c\ntry "u ! equator1 dom9at$ by ! ,city ( ! ,sun4 ,! outw>d appe>ance ( ?is c\ntry is a little /range--! city ) its sev5 r+s nam$ aft] ! sev5 planets1 & its f\r gates t lead to ! f\r qu>t]s ( ! e>?1 & ! hill t is topt by a gr& temple1 & ! walls cov]$ ) laws & alphabets & pa9t+s ( natural ph5om5a1 & ! ,rul]s--,p[]1 ,wisdom1 & ,love--) ! le>n$ doctors1 ,a/rologus1 ,cosmographus1 ,ari?meticus1 & _! l3 x is an app>ition su* z nev] yet 0 se5 on l& or sea4 ,small wond]1 = ?is ,city ( ! ,sun exi/$ only 9 ! exotic bra9 ( a ,calabrian monk1 ,tommaso ,campanella1 ^: ,utopia exi/$ 9 manuscript be=e ,&re wrote 8 ,*ri/ianopolis4 ,we %all n /ay long 9 ! ,city ( ! ,sun4 ,aft] we h become famili> ) ! outw>d color & =m ( ! l&scape1 we discov]1 alas6 t x is n a =eign c\ntry we are explor+1 b a sort ( picture puzzle put toge!r out ( fragm5ts f ,plato & ,m4 ,z 9 ! ,republic1 !re is a complete community ( prop]ty1 a community ( wives1 & an equality ( ! sexes2 z 9 ,utopia1 ! y\ng] p wait ^u ! eld]s2 z 9 ,*ri/ianopolis1 sci5ce is imp>t$1 or at lea/ h9t$ at1 by demon/ration4 ,:5 "o subtracts :at ^! o!r ,utopian c\ntries h contribut$1 v little inde$ rema9s4 ,b we mu/ n neglect to obs]ve two significant passages4 ,"o ( !m is ! recognition ( ! "p t inv5tion might play 9 ! ideal commonweal?4 ,! p ( ! ,city ( ! ,sun h wagons t are driv5 by ! w9d1 & boats 8:i* g ov] ! wat]s )\t r[]s or ! =ce ( ! w9d1 b by a m>vel\s contrivance40 ,!re is a v cle> anticipation ( ! me*anical improvem5ts :i* began to multiply s rapidly 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,at ! tale end ( ! sea-capta9's recital1 ! ,gr& ,ma/] exclaims3 8,oh1 if y knew :at our a/rolog]s say ( ! com+ age1 t has 9 x m hi/ory )9 a hundr$ ye>s ?an all ! _w _h 9 f\r ?\s& ye>s be=e6 ,( ! wond]ful inv5tion ( pr9t+ & guns1 & ! use ( ! magnet44440 ,) ! me*anical arts 9 full developm5t1 labor 9 ! ,city ( ! ,sun has become dignifi$3 x is n ! cu/om to keep slaves4 ,s9ce ev]yone takes 8 "p 9 ! common "w1 !re is n m ?an f\r h\rs' "w to be done p] day4 8,!y are ri* because !y want no?+2 poor because !y possess no?+2 & consequ5tly !y are n slaves to circum/ances1 b circum/ances s]ve !m40 ,! o!r po9t ^u :i* ,campanella's obs]vation is rem>kably ke5 is 8 explanation ( ! relation ( private prop]ty & ! private h\sehold to ! commonweal?4 ,?us3 8,!y say t all private prop]ty is acquir$ & improv$ = ! reason t ea* "o ( u by himself has 8 own home & wife & *ildr54 ,f ?is self-love spr+s4 ,= :5 we raise a son to ri*es & dignities1 & leave an heir to mu* weal?1 we become ei!r ready to grasp at ! prop]ty ( ! /ate1 if 9 any case fe> %\ld be remov$ f ! p[] :i* belongs to ri*es & rank2 or av>ici\s1 crafty1 & hypocritical1 if any is ( sl5d] purse1 little /r5g?1 & mean ance/ry4 ,b :5 we h tak5 away self-love1 !re rema9s only love = ! /ate40 ,h[ %all ! common ,utopia keep f be+ neglect$ ?r\gh ea* "o's conc]n = 8 little private utopia8 ,?is is ! critical problem t our utopians h all to face2 & ,campanella loyally foll[s ,plato 9 8 solution4 ,x is p]haps inevitable t ea* utopian's p]sonal exp]i5ce ( life %\ld ent] into 8 solution1 & ov]:elm+ly give x color2 & "h ! limitations ( our utopians are pla94 ,m & ,&re are m>ri$ m51 & !y /& = ! individual family4 ,plato & ,campanella 7 ba*elors1 & !y propos$ t m5 %\ld live l monks or soldi]s4 ,p]haps ^! two camps are n s f> away z !y w\ld seem4 ,if we foll[ ! exposition ( t excell5t an?ropologi/1 ,pr(essor ,edw>d ,we/]m>ck1 we %all be fairly well conv9c$1 ,i believe1 t m>riage is a biological in/itution1 & ?or\gh promiscuity is1 to say ! lea/1 an unusual =m ( mat+4 ,plato p]haps recogniz$ ?is :5 he left u 9 d\bt z to :e!r a community ( wives w\ld be practic$ by 8 artisans & husb&m54 ,s he p]haps paves ! way = a solution by :i* ! normal life = ! great majority ( m5 w\ld be m>riage1 ) its individual conc]ns & loyalties1 :il/ = ! active1 creative elem5ts 9 ! community a less seclud$ =m ( mat+ w\ld be practic$4 ,! pa9t]1 ,van ,gogh1 has giv5 u a k]nel to *ew on :5 he says t ! sexual life ( ! arti/ mu/ be ei!r t ( ! monk or ! soldi]1 = o!rwise he is di/ract$ f 8 creative "w4 ,we may leave ?is "q 9 ! air1 z long z we realize t all our utopias re/ ^u our ability to discov] "s sort ( a solution4 #b ,francis ,bacon's ,new ,atlantis is n a utopia 9 ! s5se t ,i h expla9$ our pr9ciple ( selection 9 ! preface to ! bibliography4 ,x is only a fragm5t1 & n v good z fragm5ts g2 & x w\ld drop out altoge!r f our survey 7 x n = ! hugely ov]-rat$ reputation t ,bacon has z a philosoph] ( natural sci5ce--inde$1 z ! philosoph] aft] ,ari/otle4 ,! great] "p ( ,bacon's ideas are anticipat$ & m amply express$ by ,&re4 ,:5 we h delet$ ,bacon's multitud9\s pray]s & exhortations1 :5 we h dispos$ ( 8 copi\s descriptions ( jewels & velvets & sat9s & c]emonial regalia1 we f9d t ! core ( 8 commonweal? is ,salomon's ,h\se1 sometimes kn[n z ! ,college ( ! ,six ,days' ,works2 :i* he describes z ! noble/ f\ndation t ev] 0 ^u e>?1 & ! lant]n ( ! k+dom4 ,! purpose ( ?is f\ndation is ! 8k ( ! causes & secret motions ( ?+s2 & ! enl>g+ ( ! b\nds ( human empire1 to ! effect+ ( all ?+s possible40 ,! mat]ial res\rces ( ?is f\ndation are manifold4 ,x has laboratories dug into ! sides ( hills1 & obs]vatories ) t[]s half a mile high2 x has great lakes ( salt & fre% wat] :i* seem to anticipate ! m>9e laboratories we "k today2 & x has eng9es = sett+ ?+s 9 motion4 ,besides ?is1 !re are spaci\s h\ses :]e physical demon/rations are made1 & sanatoria :]e v>i\s novel cures are attempt$2 !re are exp]im5tal agricultural /ations1 too1 :]e grafts & crosses are tri$4 ,add to ?is ph>maceutical laboratories1 indu/rial laboratories1 & num]\s h\ses devot$ to su* ?+s z exp]im5ts ) s\nds1 lights1 p]fumes1 & ta/es--:i* ,bacon pres5ts 9 a wild f>rago )\t any reg>d to ! ess5tial sci5ces to :i* ! "w he describes is relat$--& "o has a tally ( ! 8ri*es ( ,salomon's ,h\se40 ,twelve fell[s ( ! college travel into =eign l&s to br+ back books & ab/racts1 & reports on exp]im5ts & inv5tions4 ,?ree make a dige/ ( exp]im5ts4 ,?ree collect ! exp]im5ts ( all ! me*anical arts1 & also ( practices :i* are n br\ght into ! arts4 ,?ree try new exp]im5ts4 ,?ree devote !mselves to classifications2 & ano!r ?ree1 kn[n z d[ry m5 or b5efactors1 look into ! exp]im5ts ( _! fell[s & ca/ ab\t = means ( apply+ !m to human life & k4 ,?ree fell[s consult ) ! :ole body ( sci5tific work]s & plan new *annels ( inve/igation2 & ?ree1 :o are call$ int]pret]s ( nature1 attempt to raise ! results ( p>ticul> inve/igations into g5]al obs]vations & axioms4 ,9 tell+ all ?is1 z 9 ! re/ ( 8 ,new ,atlantis1 ,bacon is incr$ibly *ildi% & incoh]5t3 he gives su* a description ( ,salomon's ,h\se z a six-ye>-old s*oolboy might give ( a visit to ! ,rockefell] ,f\ndation4 ,b5ea? ^! maladroit int]pretations1 h[ev]1 we see t ,bacon _h a grasp on "s ( ! fundam5tals ( sci5tific rese>*1 & ( ! "p t sci5ce might play 9 ! 8relief ( man's e/ate40 ,x is no?+ m ?an a h9t1 ?is ,new ,atlantis2 b a ^w to ! wise is en\gh2 & z we look ab\t ! mod]n _w we see t1 9 its mat]ial affairs at any rate1 ! great sci5tific in/itutes & f\ndations--! ,unit$ ,/ates ,bureau ( ,/&>ds1 = "o--play a "p n a little l t ( ! ,college ( ! ,six ,days' ,works4 ,campanella ) 8 dream ( p[]ful me*anical inv5tions1 9 :i* he _h be5 anticipat$ by ,leon>do1 & ,bacon ) 8 sket* ( sci5tific in/itutes--) ^! two utopians we /& at ! entrance to ! utopia ( means2 t is to say1 ! place 9 :i* all t mat]ially contributes to ! good life has be5 p]fect$4 ,! e>li] utopias 7 conc]n$ to e/abli% ! ?+s :i* m5 %\ld aim = 9 life4 ,! utopias ( ! lat] ,r5asc5ce took ^! aims = grant$ & discuss$ h[ man's scope ( action might be broad5$4 ,9 ?is ! utopians only reflect$ ! temp] ( _! "t2 & did n attempt to remold x4 ,z a result ( our preoccupation ) ! means1 we 9 ! ,we/]n ,_w live 9 an inv5tor's p>adise4 ,sci5tific k & me*anical p[] we h to burn2 m k & m p[] ?an ,bacon or ,campanella c\ld possibly h dream$ (4 ,b today we face aga9 ! riddle t ,plato1 ,m1 & ,&re s\ght to answ]3 :at are m5 to d ) _! k & p[]8 ,z we skip "h & !re ?r\gh ! ,utopias ( ! next ?ree c5turies1 ?is "q gets m deeply impregnat$ 9 our m9ds4 ,,*apt] ,,six ,h[ some?+ happ5$ 9 ! eighte5? c5tury :i* made m5 8furi\sly to ?9k10 & h[ a :ole gr\p ( utopias sprang out ( ! upturn$ soil ( indu/rialism4 ,,*apt] ,,six #a ,!re is a gap 9 ! ,utopian tradition betwe5 ! sev5te5? c5tury & ! n9ete5?4 ,utopia1 ! place t mu/ be built1 fad$ into no-man's l&1 ! spot to :i* "o might escape2 & ! utopias ( ,d5is ,vairasse & ,simon ,b]+ton & ! o!r romanc]s ( ?is 9-betwe5 p]iod are 9 ! l9e ( ,rob9son ,crusoe r ?an ! ,republic4 ,"o f9ds ! clue to ?is lapse 9 ,tiphaigne de la ,ro*e's ,giphantia1 a sket* ( :at 0 & :at is & :at w be1 & 9 p>ticul>1 an inquiry into ! 8,babylonian0 mode ( life4 ,! au?or ( ,giphantia tells a p>able ab\t ,sophia1 ! inc>nation ( ,wisdom1 :o rejects ! (f]s ( ! sp5d?rift1 ! m]*ant1 ! soldi]1 & ! /ud5t1 & accepts ! suit ( a diffid5t fell[ :o _h retir$ 9 solitude to ! c\ntry1 to sp5d 8 days l a cultivat$ g5tleman4 ,"o rememb]s ! way 9 :i* ,montaigne sp5t 8 decl9+ ye>s2 "o rememb]s ,voltaire2 & "o sees h[ deeply ! ideal ( ,rob9son ,crusoe--a cultivat$ ,rob9son ,crusoe1 surr\nd$ ) books & beyond ! rea* ( any k+ & c\rt--color$ ! deepe/ aspirations ( ?is p]iod4 ,r\sseau1 writ+ ab\t ! corrupt+ influ5ce ( ! arts & sci5ces1 & ,*ateaubri&1 seek+ ! noble savage 9 ! ,am]ican wild]ness & f9d+ him 9 8 own bosom--^! m5 /ruck ! dom9at+ note ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,9 a society t 0 already pa9fully artificial & 8arrang$0 ! in/itutes ( ,lycurgus & ,utopus mu/ h seem$ z repressive z ^? ( ,l\is ,,xiv4 ,s almo/ two c5turies pass be=e we f9d any fre% regions to explore 9 ,utopia4 #b ,! ,utopia ( ,sir ,?omas ,m1 & ^? ( ! lat] m5 ( ! ,r5asc5ce1 arose1 z ,i h po9t$ out1 f ! contra/ betwe5 ! possibilities t lay op5 beyond ! sea & ! dismal conditions t att5d$ ! breakd[n ( ! t[n economy ( ! ,middle ,age4 ,l ,plato's ,republic1 x attempt$ to face ! difficult problem ( transition4 ,9 ! c\rse ( ! next ?ree c5turies ! adv5ture ( explor+ & ransack+ /range c\ntries loses its hold ^u m5's imag9ation2 & a new type ( activity becomes ! c5t] ( int]e/4 ,! conque/ ( ali5 c\ntries & ! lure ( gold d n inde$ die out ) ?is new int]e/2 b !y are subord9at$ to ano!r type ( conque/--t :i* man seeks to effect ov] nature4 ,"h & !re1 p>ticul>ly 9 ,great ,brita91 untra9$ m5 8) a practical turn0 beg9 to busy !mselves ) improv+ ! me*anical app>atus by :i* ! day's labor is done4 ,a retir$ b>b]1 nam$ ,arkwright1 inv5ts a sp9n+ frame1 a ,scot*man nam$ ,mac,adam discov]s a new me?od ( lay+ roads2 & out ( a hundr$ su* inv5tions dur+ ! late eighte5? & e>ly n9ete5? c5turies a new _w comes into exi/5ce--a _w 9 :i* en]gy d]iv$ f coal & runn+ wat] takes ! place ( human en]gy2 9 :i* goods manipulat$ by ma*9]y take ! place ( goods wov5 or saw$ or hamm]$ by h&4 ,)9 a hundr$ ye>s ! actual _w & ! idola 7 trans=m$4 ,9 ?is new _w ( fall+ wat]1 burn+ coal1 & :irr+ ma*9]y1 utopia 0 born aga94 ,x is easy to see :y ?is %\ld h happ5$1 & :y ab\t two-?irds ( our utopias %\ld h be5 writt5 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! _w 0 be+ visibly made ov]2 & x 0 possible to conceive ( a diff]5t ord] ( ?+s )\t escap+ to ! o!r side ( ! e>?4 ,!re 7 political *anges1 & ! mon>*ic /ate 0 temp]$ by republicanism2 !re 7 indu/rial *anges1 & two hungry m\?s 7 born :]e "o c\ld fe$ be=e2 & !re 7 social *anges--! /rata ( society %ift$ & 8fault$10 & m5 :o 9 an e>li] p]iod w\ld h be5 doom$ to a dull & ignom9i\s r\nd1 p]haps1 took a place alongside ^? :om inh]itance _h giv5 all ! privileges ( ri*es & bre$+4 ,9 contra/ to all ^! fre% possibilities 7 ! dismal realities :i* 7 easily en\gh p]ceiv$ by p :o /ood outside ?is new ord]1 or :o by temp]am5t revolt$ aga9/ ! indignities & repressions & vil5esses t accompani$ x4 ,x is n my p>ticul> bus9ess "h to deal ) ! facts ( hi/ory2 b unless "o und]/&s ! facts ( hi/ory1 ! utopias :i* ,i am ab\t to pres5t lose a good "p ( _! mean+4 ,^? ma*9es ^: output 0 s great t all m5 might be clo!d2 ^? new me?ods ( agriculture & new agricultural implem5ts1 :i* promis$ crops s big t all m5 might be f$--! v in/rum5ts t 7 to give ! :ole community ! physical basis ( a good life turn$ out1 = ! va/ majority ( p :o possess$ nei!r capital nor l&1 to be no?+ %ort ( in/rum5ts ( torture4 ,i d n speak too h>%ly ( ! e>ly indu/rial age2 x is impossible to speak too h>%ly4 ,take ! tr\ble to read ,rob]t ,ow5's 8,essay on ! ,=mation ( ,"*0 7,man*e/]3 #ahcg7 & le>n :at conditions 7 l 9 a model factory run by an enlight5$ employ]3 x is a picture ( unmitigat$ brutality4 ,"o mu/ g back to ! blacke/ p]iods ( anci5t slav]y = a p>allel1 if inde$ "o w\ld f9d x1 = ! ,pyramids t 7 built "u ! la% h a c]ta9 gr&eur & p]man5ce :i* ju/ify _! exi/5ce1 :il/ ! goods :i* 7 produc$ 9 ,york%ire ?r\gh ! maim$ bodies ( paup] *ildr5 prov$ to be z imp]man5t z ! lives t 7 sacrific$ 9 mak+ !m4 ,^? :o 7 inside ?is new ord]--! ,gradgr9ds & ,b\nd]bys :om ,dick5s pictures 9 8,h>d ,times0--s\ght to realize _! utopia ( ! ,iron ,age on e>?4 ,:5 we are ?r\gh ) ! g5u9e utopians we %all exam9e ! idola by :i* all ! 8practical0 m5 ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 ,m>x z well z ,macaulay1 patt]n$ _! behavior4 ,^? :o /ood out aga9/ ?is new ord] 7 n s mu* oppos$ to ! new me?ods z to ! purposes = :i* !y 7 be+ us$3 !y felt t an ord]ly conque/ ( ,nature _h turn$ into a wild scramble = loot1 & t all ! goods indu/rialism promis$ 7 be+ lo/1 = ! b5efit ( a few aggressive & unsocializ$ individuals4 ,) ! ho/ ( critics & int]pret]s & re=m]s t arose 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury we %all h a little reckon+ to make pres5tly3 ^? :o conc]n u "h h[ev] belong to ! /ock ( ,plato1 ,m1 & ,&re1 9 t !y attempt$ to see society z a :ole1 & to protect a new ord] :i* w\ld be basically s\nd z well z sup]ficially improv$4 ,yet ) ! exception ( ! utopias :i* revolt$ aga9/ indu/rialism ^! n9ete5? c5tury essays are p>tial & "o-sid$2 = !y t5d to magnify ! importance ( ! indu/rial ord] z mu* z ,gradgr9d & ,b\nd]by did1 & 9 do+ ?is !y lose sight ( ! :ole life ( man4 ,^! indu/rial utopias are no long] conc]n$ ) values b ) means2 !y are all in/rum5tali/4 ,i d\bt :e!r an intellig5t peasant 9 ,india or ,*9a w\ld get out ( ! :ole bat* ( ^! utopias a s+le idea :i* w\ld h any be>+ on ! life t he has exp]i5c$--s little ( human significance rema9s :5 ! problems ( me*anical & political organization h be5 dispos$ (6 ,"o symptom ( ?is lack ( individuality1 ?is lack ( :at1 9 ! old-fa%ion$ s5se us$ to be call$ a philosophy1 is ! fact t we c treat all ^! indu/rial utopias 9 gr\ps4 ,! fir/ ( ^! gr\p-utopias ,i %all call1 p]haps some:at arbitr>ily1 ! ,associationi/s4 #c ,among ! ,associationi/s1 ! mo/ influ5tial utopian is ,*>les ,franois ,m>ie ,f\ri]4 ,he 0 a prolific & incoh]5t writ]1 & 8 ,utopia1 if ! tru? be told1 exi/s z disjecta membra r ?an z a s+le "w2 b 9 8 case ,i make an exception to ! crit]ion ( selection2 because 9 e o!r respect he has a claim ^u our att5tion4 ,?is ,f\ri] 0 a dry little ,fr5* comm]cial travell]1 ^: p]sonal =tune 0 lo/ 9 ! ,fr5* revolution & ^: hopes = f\nd+ a real eutopia 7 bla/$ by ! ,july revolution ( #ahcj4 ,aga9 & aga9 he transf]r$ himself f "o l9e ( goods to ano!r 9 ord] to increase ! area ( ! t]ritory he cov]$ & le>n m ( ! work+s ( society2 & s 9 8 writ+s a weal? ( concrete detail goes h& 9 h& ) p]sonal crot*ets & ! op9ionativ5ess :i* arises almo/ inevitably out ( an undiscipl9$ solitude4 ,:at foll[s is a di/illation ( ,f\ri]'s ?\ght1 ) ! lees & orts left 9 ! bottom ( ! flask4 ,f\ri] diff]s l>gely f ! e>ly utopians 9 t he is conc]n$ fir/ ( all n ) modify+ human nature b ) f9d+ out :at x actually is4 ,8 utopia is to be bas$ ^u an und]/&+ ( man's actual physical & m5tal makeup1 & its in/itutions are to be su* z w p]mit man's orig9al nature to function freely4 ,! motive :i* draws 8 community toge!r is attraction2 ! p[] :i* sets 8 in/itutions go+ is 8! passions40 ,"u ! head ( passions--! orig9al biological equipm5t--,f\ri] gives a li/ ( t5d5cies :i* corresponds r\ghly ) ! mod]n psy*ologi/'s li/ ( in/9cts4 ,f\ri] takes ^! passions z 8giv502 8 utopia is n design$ to 8effect any *ange 9 our passions 444 _! direction w be *ang$ )\t *ang+ _! nature40 ,z ,brisbane says 9 8 ,introduction to ,f\ri]'s philosophy1 social in/itutions are to ^! passional =ces :at ma*9]y is to mat]ial =ces4 ,a good community1 accord+ to ,f\ri]1 is "o :i* w br+ all ^! passions into play1 9 _! complex actions & int]actions4 ,z 9 ! ,republic1 ! ideal beh9d ,f\ri]'s utopia is h>mony2 = man has a ?reefold de/9y2 namely1 8an indu/rial de/9y1 to h>monize ! mat]ial _w2 a social de/9y1 to h>monize ! passional or moral _w2 & an intellectual de/9y1 to discov] ! laws ( univ]sal ord] & h>mony40 ,:at 0 at fault ) mod]n civiliz$ societies 0 t !y 7 incomplete1 & 9 _! function+ !y creat$ a social dissonance4 ,to ov]come ?is1 says ,f\ri]1 m5 mu/ unite into h>moni\s associations :i* w give play to all _! activities1 & :i*1 by erect+ common in/itutions1 w d away ) ! wa/e aris+ 9 ! individual's attempts to d = himself all ! ?+s :i* w\ld be done by a complete community4 ,= ?is p]fect association ,f\ri] provides m9ute plans & tables2 b ! g5]al plan c be outl9$ ) brevity4 ,fir/ ( all1 ,f\ri]1 too1 goes back to ! valley section4 ,! initial nucleus ( 8 utopia is to consi/ ( a company ( #a1ejj or #a1fjj p]sons1 own+ a good /ret* ( l& compris+ at lea/ a squ>e league4 ,s9ce ?is exp]im5tal phalanx1 z ,f\ri] call$ x1 w\ld h to /& alone1 & )\t ! support ( neighbor+ phalanxes1 !re w 9 consequ5ce ( ?is isolation be _m gaps 9 8attraction10 & 8_m passional calms to dread 9 its work+s40 ,to ov]come ?is1 ,f\ri] insi/s t x is necess>y to locate ! phalanx on soil fit = a v>iety ( functions4 8,a flat c\ntry1 su* z ,antw]p1 ,leipsic1 ,orleans1 w\ld be totally unsuitable 444 ow+ to ! uni=mity ( l& surface4 ,x w !re=e be necess>y to select a div]sifi$ region1 l ! surr\nd+s ( ,lausanne1 or at ! v lea/1 a f9e valley1 provid$ ) a /ream ( wat] & a =e/1 l ! valley ( ,brussel or ( ,halle40 ,?is doma9 w\ld be laid out 9 fields1 or*>ds1 v9ey>ds1 & s =?1 accord+ to ! nature ( ! soil & indu/rial requirem5ts4 ,by devotion to horticulture & arboriculture1 ,f\ri] figures1 an int5sive developm5t w\ld supply abundantly ! ne$s ( ! colony4 ,! ma9 economic occupation ( ! phalanx w\ld be agricultural--?is is p]haps ! great di/9ction betwe5 ,f\ri] & lat] ,utopians--b all ! arts w\ld be practic$ )9 ! phalan/]y1 s9ce o!rwise ! association w\ld be incomplete4 ,! pr9ciple ( ! association is concretely embodi$ 9 a va/ edifice 9 ! c5t] ( ! doma93 8a palace complete 9 all its appo9tm5ts s]v+ z ! resid5ce ( ! associates4 ,9 ?is palace !re are ?ree w+s1 correspond+ to ! ,mat]ial1 ! ,social1 & ! ,intellectual doma9s4 ,9 "o w+ are ! work%ops & halls ( indu/ry4 ,9 ano!r are ! libr>y1 ! sci5tific collections1 museums1 arti/s' /udios1 & ! l4 ,9 ! c5t]1 devot$ to ! social elem5t1 are banquet halls1 a hall ( reception1 & gr& salons4 ,at "o end ( ! palace is a ,temple ( ! ,mat]ial ,h>monies1 devot$ to s++1 music1 poetry1 danc+1 gymna/ics1 pa9t+1 & s =?4 ,at ! o!r end is ! ,temple ( ,unityism1 to celebrate ) appropriate rites man's unity ) ! univ]se4 ,on ! summit !re is an obs]vatory ) telegraph & signal t[]1 = communication ) o!r phalanxes4 ,! phalanx m5 are associationi/s2 b x foll[s f ,f\ri]'s !ory ( ! passions t !y h private int]e/s z well z public ones2 & ^! private int]e/s are p]mitt$ to fl\ri% z long z !y d n int]f]e ) social solid>ity4 ,?us !y avoid ! wa/e inh]5t 9 private h\sekeep+ by hav+ public kit*5s1 :]e1 incid5tally1 ! *ildr5 are tra9$ f an e>ly age at cook+1 z !y are today 9 "o or two exp]im5tal s*ools3 nev]!less x is possible to d9e 9 solitude z well z 9 company4 ,by ! same tok51 e memb] ( ! phalanx is gu>ante$ a m9imum ( food1 clo?+1 lodg+1 & ev5 amusem5ts )\t respect to "w2 at ! same "t1 private prop]ty is sanction$1 & ea* memb] extracts f ! common /ore a divid5d 9 proportion to ! am\nt ( /ock he holds 9 ! association4 ,?is divid5d1 x mu/ be qualifi$1 is consid]ably r$uc$ by ! fact t a sy/em ( pr(it %>+ replaces ! pure wage sy/em4 ,!re is ?us a sort ( balance betwe5 private self-seek+ & ! ma9t5ance ( ! public good4 ,9 ord] to manufacture goods economically1 l>ge scale production is introduc$ :]ev] possible1 & ! division ( labor is =c$ to its ultimate limits4 ,f\ri] takes acc\nt ( ! result+ monotony1 h[ev]1 & sugge/s t ! monotony be correct$ by hav+ rec\rse to *ang+ tasks & occupations f "t to "t4 ,9 comm]cial ex*ange1 ! phalanx acts z a unit2 x con/itutes a great self-gov]n+ body :i* traffics 9 surplus goods ) simil> associations1 )\t any middleman1 9 some?+ ( ! mann]1 p]haps1 t ! ,co-op]ative ,:olesale ,societies d today4 ,by aboli%+ ! individual h\sehold1 ! phalanx gives a new fre$om to wom52 & ,f\ri] does n see h[ x is possible to ma9ta9 ! sy/em ( monogamic proprietor%ip once wom5 h a free *oice ( mates4 ,s ! wom5 ( ! phalanx are n intellectual non5tities2 & s9ce !y no long] preside ov] ! individual home1 !y help run ! :ole community4 ,is x necess>y to add ! common nurs]ies1 ! common s*ools1 ! in=mal education ( ! *ildr51 & ! numb] ( o!r ?+s :i* foll[ f ?is emancipation8 ,p]haps "o ( ! mo/ rem>kable *>act]i/ics ( ?is utopia is its utilization ( a moral equival5t = w>1 long be=e ,pr(essor ,william ,james inv5t$ ! phrase4 ,"o ( ! great functions ( ! phalanx is ! assemblage ( productive armies ev5 z 8civilization0 assembles de/ructive ones4 ,!re is a f9e passage 9 :i* ,f\ri] pictures an indu/rial army ( gold5 y\?s & maid5s1 8in/ead ( deva/at+ ?irty prov9ces 9 a campaign1 ^! armies w h spann$ ?irty riv]s ) bridges1 re-wood$ ?irty b>r5 m\nta9s1 dug ?irty tr5*es = irrigation1 & dra9$ ?irty m>%es40 ,x is = lack ( su* indu/rial armies1 says ,f\ri]1 t civilization is unable to produce any?+ great4 #d ,:at /rikes u :5 we put toge!r ! fragm5ts ( ,f\ri]'s utopia--z "o might put toge!r a jigsaw puzzle--is ! fact t he faces ! v>iety & inequality ( human nature4 ,in/ead ( erect+ a /&>d = m5 to live up to1 & reject+ mank9d z unfit = utopia because ! /&>d is f> beyond its height1 ! /&>d itself is f\nd$ ^u ! utmo/ capacity :i* a community might be able to exhibit4 ,f\ri] meets human nature half-way3 he endeavors to project a society :i* w give regul> *annels to all its div]g5t impulses1 & prev5t !m f spill+ unsocially all ov] ! l&scape4 ,9 8 /atem5t ( ?is aim !re are pl5ty ( weaknesses & absurdities2 & ,i confess t x is h>d to take ?is pa!tic little man s]i\sly2 b :5 "o has grappl$ ) ,f\ri]'s ?\ght "o discov]s t !re is some?+ to take4 ,f\ri] di$ )\t p]suad+ anyone to give a trial to 8 s*eme ( association2 & yet 8 "w 0 n )\t its practical influ5ce4 ,! ,brook ,f>m exp]im5t 9 ,am]ica 0 a fumbl+ attempt to plant a phalan/]y )\t pay+ any att5tion to ! conditions :i* ,f\ri] w\ld h rigor\sly impos$2 & ! 8famili/]e0 ( ! great /eel works ( ,god9 at ,guise1 9 ,france1 is ano!r direct result ( ,f\ri]'s inspiration4 ,he rema9s1 ,i believe1 ! fir/ man :o _h a plan = coloniz+ ! wild]ness ( indu/rial b>b>ism t exi/$ at ! beg9n+ ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & r$eem+ t wild]ness to civilization4 #e ,! "n ( ,rob]t ,ow5 is usually associat$ ) utopianism2 b 8 "w belongs m to ! 8real0 _w ?an to ! idola ( utopia2 & ,i pass ov] him ) ! briefe/ m5tion1 = 8 projects = a model indu/rial t[n h m ( ! flavor ( a poor colony ?an t ( a productive human society4 ,let u grant him good int5tions1 organiz+ ability1 & moral f]vor3 )\t d\bt he is a noble figure1 ev5 :5 8 attitude is /ra9$ & 8 tone /rid5t4 ,! s]ies ( essays he wrote on love & m>riage are m>k$ by f9e sympa?y & common s5se2 & x is to be regrett$ t !y are n z widely kn[n z 8 plans = a new moral _w4 ,if ?is little note c repair ! neglect1 ,i h done ,ow5 ample ju/ice3 z an active figure 9 ,engli% & ,am]ican public life he is prop]ly a subject = ! social hi/orian4 ,) ,ow5 ,i mu/ also dismiss ,john ,rusk91 :o began 9 ! la/ qu>t] ( ! n9ete5? c5tury to develop plans = a 8,guild ( ,/4 ,george40 ,?is guild 0 to =m a little isl& ( hone/ labor & s\nd education 9 ! mid/ ( ! turbid sea ( indu/rialism2 b x did n embrace ! :ole ( society1 & x 0 utopian only 9 ! s5se t ! ,oneida ,community1 let u say1 0 utopian4 ,:ile !y are full ( pregnant sugge/ions1 ! plans = ! ,guild are z fragm5t>y z ! ,new ,atlantis4 #f ,"o ( ! neglect$ utopias ( ! mid-n9ete5? c5tury is t ( ,james ,buck+ham4 ,james ,buck+ham 0 "o ( ^? erratic m5 ( affairs :i* ! f]tile soil ( ,briti% individualism produces1 & :i* h>d ,briti% common s5se p]si/5tly ignores4 ,l ,ow51 ,buck+ham 0 acqua9t$ ) indu/rial & comm]cial affairs f ! inside3 he travell$ widely & wrote ^u v>i\s matt]s ) t copi\s1 amateuri% dogmatism & _s :i* m>ks him1 p]haps1 z ! phili/9e c\nt]p>t ( ,john ,rusk94 ,if ! utopias ( ! pa/ express ! ideals ( ! soldi]1 ! f>m]1 & ! artisan1 ! community :i* ,buck+ham project$ repres5ts ! ideal ( ! b\rgeoisie4 ,buck+ham's ,victoria is ! ideal aspect ( t ,coket[n :i* 9 a lat] *apt] we %all attempt to describe4 ,we talk loosely ( ! individualism ( ! n9ete5? c5tury2 b 9 reality x 0 a p]iod t 0 ?riv+ ) associations4 ,! scope ( jo9t /ock companies & philan?ropic societies _h immeasurably wid5$4 ,along ) ! ,mudfog ,association1 8= ! advancem5t ( ev]y?+10 :i* ,dick5s satiriz$1 !re sprang up a hundr$ diff]5t societies = p]=m+ "s special function 9 ! indu/rial sy/em or realiz+ "s p>ticul> purpose 9 society4 ,buck+ham gives u a picture ( 8 contempor>ies :i* is also a criticism3 8,we h ! gov]nm5t ( ! c\ntry itself1 pass+ acts ( p>liam5t = ! bett] dra9age ( t[ns1 & a m ample supply ( wat] & air = v5tilation4444 ,h5ce1 too1 arise associations ( noblem5 & o!rs = build+ model lodg+ h\ses = ! lab\r+ classes2 associations = improv+ ! dwell+s ( ! poor2 societies = provid+ ba?s & ba? h\ses = families unable to procure su* conv5i5ces = !mselves2 associations = e/abli%+ suburban villages = ! work+ classes1 & to get !m at night at lea/ out ( ! cr[d$ haunts & vici\s atmosph]e ( ! t[ns4 ,& h5ce we h ,temp]ance ,societies1 ,tract ,societies1 ,home ,missions1 ,asylums = ,rep5tant ,magdal5s1 ,homes = ,seaman out ( ,employ1 & ,h\ses ( ,refuge = ! ,de/itute1 ) s\p kit*5s & o!r modes ( tempor>y relief44440 ,:at does ?is all come to8 ,let ,buck+ham answ]3 8,!y are1 aft] all1 m]e palliatives1 & d n rea* ! seat ( ! disease4444 ,?is c only be done by unit+ ! disjo9t$ ef=ts ( all ^! well-mean+ b p>tially curative bodies into "o1 9 ord] to a*ieve1 by _! union ( means1 influ5ce1 & example1 ! erection ( a 8,model ,society10 ) its model f>ms1 model pa/ures1 model m9es1 model manufactures1 model t[n1 model s*ools1 model work%ops1 model kit*5s1 model libr>ies1 & places ( recreation1 enjoym5t1 & in/ruction2 all ( :i* c\ld be unit$ 9 "o new ,association40 ,)\t inquir+ too closely into :at a model pa/ure may be1 we may admit t ! notion beh9d ,buck+ham's proposal 0 n uns\nd4 ,! indu/rial society ( 8 day 0 9 an in*oate1 inde$ 9 a *aotic /ate4 ,9 ord] to sift out ! necess>y in/itutions & put !m on a firm basis1 x 0 ! bett] "p ( wisdom to />t anew on a fre% area ( l& & attempt to plan ! developm5t ( ! community z a :ole4 ,x is true t 9 ?is proposal ( ,buck+ham's !re is none ( ,f\ri]'s brilliant intuitions ( a true social ord]1 & none ( ,rusk9's critical inquiry into :at compos$ a good life3 ,buck+ham took contempor>y values = grant$4 ,:at he s\ght to d 0 to realize ^! values completely1 & 9 ord]ly fa%ion4 ,"h are ! elem5ts ( 8 proposal4 ,!re is to be =m$ a model t[n association1 ) a limit$ liability1 = ! purpose ( build+ a new t[n call$ ,victoria4 ,! t[n is to conta9 e improvem5t 9 8position1 plan1 dra9age1 v5tilation1 ar*itecture1 supply ( wat]1 light1 & e o!r elegance & conv5i5ce40 ,its size is to be ab\t a mile squ>e & ! numb] ( inhabitants is n to exce$ #aj1jjj4 ,a suitable v>iety ( manufactures & h&icraft trades is to be e/abli%$ ne> ! edge ( ! t[n2 & ! t[n itself is to be surr\nd$ by f>m l& #aj1jjj acres broad4 ,all ( ! l&s1 h\ses1 factories1 & mat]ials are to be ! prop]ty ( ! company1 & n ( any individual2 & ?is prop]ty is to be held = ! b5efit ( all 9 proportion z _! %>es entitle !m4 ,no p]son is to be a memb] ( ! company or an inhabitant ( ! t[n except "o :o is a bona fide %>ehold] to ! ext5t ( at lea/ tw5ty p\nds1 & :o is ready to subscribe to a dra/ic s]ies ( blue laws :i*1 :ile p]mitt+ fre$om 9 religi\s wor%ip & prev5t+ *ild labor1 d away ) liquor1 drugs1 & ev5 tobacco4 ,9 addition to ^! provisions !re are to be common laundries1 kit*5s1 refectories1 & nurs]ies2 & m$ical advice is to be giv5 free1 at home or 9 ! hospital1 z 9 ! army & navy4 ,education is to be und]tak5 by ! community4 ,ju/ice1 x %\ld be not$ by ^? :o are acqua9t$ ) an exp]im5t :i* has rec5tly be5 />t$ 9 ,new ,york1 is to be adm9i/]$ by compet5t arbitrators "u a writt5 code ( laws1 )\t ! exp5se1 delay1 & unc]ta9ty ( ord9>y legal proce$+s4 ,all memb]s are to sign decl>ations accept+ arbitration & waiv+ o!r legal proce$+s aga9/ memb]s ( ! company4 ,all ^! affairs1 especially ! mann] 9 :i* ! t[n is to be built1 are work$ out 9 consid]able detail2 ?us ! size & "* ( ! h\ses are set =? on ! plan1 & x is provid$ t ea* work+man is to occupy at lea/ "o entire & sep>ate room = himself2 :il/ ea* m>ri$ c\ple )\t *ildr5 gets two rooms1 & ea* family 9 :i* !re are *ildr5 is to occupy at lea/ ?ree rooms = dome/ic purposes4 ,i h set d[n all ^! details baldly because ! plan itself is a bald "o2 & no am\nt ( f9e writ+ w embelli% x4 ,buck+ham's society is n bas$ ^u a ?or\ghgo+ criticism ( human in/itutions3 ! ends = :i* ?is society exi/s are d\btless ^? :i* 7 held good & prop] by ! ,macaulays & ! ,m>t9eaus4 ,:at is int]e/+ 9 ,buck+ham's utopia is ! def9ite plans & specifications1 accompani$ by draw+s2 = ?is is surely "o ( ! fir/ attempts to put a problem 9 social eng9e]+ on a basis f :i* an eng9e] or an ar*itect c\ld "w4 ,buck+ham ?\ght t1 giv5 a successful model t[n1 ! re/ ( ,engl& might 9 "t be coloniz$ by ! surplus population1 & ?us ! old c5t]s ( black indu/ry w\ld be wip$ out4 ,nor 0 ,buck+ham altoge!r deceiv$4 ,8 utopia 0 a limit$ "o1 b out ( 8 limitations has come success4 ,9 #ahdh ?is utopia 0 a *im]a2 9 #ahih1 ,mr4 ,eb5ez] ,h[>d recon/ruct$ x & set x =? 9 a p]suasive little book call$ ,tomorr[1 & z a direct result ( ! plans advocat$ by ,mr4 ,h[>d1 a fl\ri%+ g>d5 city call$ ,let*wor? has come into exi/5ce2 :i* 9 turn has propagat$ ano!r g>d5 city1 call$ ,wellwyn2 & at ! same "t has1 by example1 pav$ ! way = num]\s g>d5 villages & g>d5 suburbs 9 v>i\s p>ts ( ,europe & 9 ,am]ica4 ,) ?is mid-,victorian !ori/1 we pass ov] f a pre-sci5tific me?od ( ?9k+ to "o :i* sacrifices ! arti/ic imag9ation to a reali/ic grasp ( ! facts2 & 9 ?is passage some?+ is ga9$ & some?+ is lo/4 ,buck+ham ga9s by conf9+ 8 proposals to :at is imm$iately practicable4 ,he loses by n hav+ ! imag9ative en]gy to criticize ! ways1 means1 & ends t are sanction$ by curr5t practise4 ,if utopia beg9s ) ,plato's glori\s dream ( an organic community1 ! image ( ! j man made p]fect1 x _c end ) ,buck+ham's inv5tion ( a %ell4 ,nev]!less1 ?r\gh ! n9ete5? c5tury ! sup]ficial utopians1 ! %ell-build]s1 are dom9ant2 & we mu/ cont9ue to exam9e !m4 ,,*apt] ,,sev5 ,h[ "s ,utopians h ?\ght t a good community re/$ at bottom on ! "r division & use ( l&2 & :at sort ( communities ^! l&-animals project$4 ,,*apt] ,,sev5 #a ,be=e ! ,indu/rial ,revolution upset ! balance ( social p[]1 !re 7 little villages 9 ,engl& :]e1 on a limit$ scale & to no v gr& purpose1 a quiet & placid & fairly jolly exi/5ce mu/ h be5 ! rule ( ?+s4 ,^! villages 7 ^? 9 :i* ! l& 0 ei!r held 9 freehold by small proprietors1 or :]e !re /ill rema9$ = ! use ( ea* inhabitant c]ta9 common pa/ures & wa/es4 ,"u ?is regime !re 0 a fair degree ( prosp]ity ) :i* only ! w9d & ! wea!r & w> c\ld int]f]e4 ,some?+ ( ! savor ( ?is life ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,hudson f9ely conveys 9 8 ,a ,travell] 9 ,little ,?+s2 & a c5tury ago ,cobbett made a s]ies ( excell5t snap%ots 9 8 ,rural ,rides4 ,:5 ! m$ival ord] broke d[n ! great proprietors began to seize ?is common l&2 & dur+ ! eighte5? c5tury1 "u ! inc5tive ( big-scale sci5tific agriculture1 ! seizure w5t on at a m]ry pace4 ,! peasant )\t l& 0 =c$ to migrate to ! new t[ns1 z ! ,hammonds h pictur$ 9 _! graphic "w on ! ,t[n ,labor]2 & ! labor ( ! peasant & 8 family f$ ! ma*9es :i* ! ,watts & ,arkwrights 7 develop+ 9 ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,indu/rial progress & social pov]ty w5t h& 9 h&4 ,! p]iod be=e ! ,indu/rial ,revolution seem$ 9 comp>ison a real utopia2 & ! key to ?is utopia 0 ! l&4 ,! importance ( l& 9 ! con/itution ( civil society 0 emphasiz$ by ! ,digg]s ( ,cromwell's "t2 "o ( !m1 ,g]>d ,w9/anley1 wrote a m9or utopia to prove t ! l& %\ld be held 9 common2 & ?is view 0 re9=c$--)\t ! communism--9 a purely political utopia call$ ,oceana by ,james ,h>r+ton1 :o liv$ dur+ ! same p]iod4 ,h>r+ton advocat$ su* a di/ribution ( l& t ! l&$ g5try %\ld be ! lead]s1 & ! commonalty %\ld h ! prepond]ance ( p[]4 ,out ( all ! mod]n utopias ) :i* we h to reckon !re are two1 9 p>ticul>1 9 :i* ! common possession ( l& is ! f\ndation ( e o!r in/itution4 ,^! are ,sp5sonia & ,a ,visit to ,freel&4 #b ,! e>ly "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury is rem>kable = ! fact t m5 ( common /ock1 usually self-educat$1 began to apply _! wits to improv+ ! conditions ( ! class to :i* !y belong$2 & 9 p>ticul> !re 0 9 ,london a peasant nam$ ,william ,cobbett1 a tailor nam$ ,francis ,place1 & a /ation] nam$ ,?omas ,sp5ce :o devot$ a good "p ( :at rema9$ ov] f _! work+ days to plans = bett]+ man's e/ate4 ,?omas ,sp5ce _h a %op 9 ,high ,holborn f :i* he publi%$ little pamphlets ( r\gh philosophy1 call$ ,pig's ,meat2 9 #agie he issu$ ,a ,description ( ,sp5sonia1 :i* 0 foll[$ 9 #ahja by ,! ,con/itution ( ,sp5sonia3 ,a ,c\ntry 9 ,fairyl& situat$ betwe5 ,utopia & ,oceana2 br\ght f !nce by ,capta9 ,swall[4 ,sp5ce's title to h writt5 a complete utopia re/s ^u ! fact t he proposes a return to an environm5t :i* _h once be51 9 its fa%ion1 complete4 ,sp5sonia beg9s ) a p>able ab\t a fa!r :o _h a numb] ( sons1 :o built !m a %ip = traffic1 & :o provid$ t ! pr(its ( ! ent]prise 7 to be %>$ 9 common4 ,?is %ip is wreck$ ^u an isl&2 & ! sons quickly awake to ! conclusion t if 8!y did n apply ! ,m>9e ,con/itution giv5 !m by _! fa!r to _! l&$ prop]ty1 !y w\ld soon exp]i5ce inexpressible inconv5i5ces4 ,!y !re=e decl>$ ! prop]ty ( ! isl& to be ! prop]ty ( !m all collectively1 9 ! same mann] z ! %ip _h be51 & t !y ought to %>e ! pr(its !re( 9 ! same way4 ,! isl& !y nam$ ,sp5sonia1 aft] ! %ip :i* _! fa!r _h giv5 !m4 ,!y next *ose (fic]s to m>k out su* portions ( ! l&1 z e p]son or family desir$ to occupy1 = :i* !y 7 to receive = ! use ( ! public a c]ta9 r5t accord+ to its value4 ,?is r5t 0 appli$ to public uses or divid$ among !mselves z !y ?\ght prop]4 ,b 9 ord] to keep up ! remembrance ( _! rights1 !y decre$ t !y %\ld nev] fail to %>e at r5t-"t1 an equal divid5d1 ?\gh ev] s small1 & ?\gh ! public dem&s %\ld be ev] s urg5t4444 ,z !y _h det]m9$1 :5 see+ t e %ip !y %\ld build & man1 %\ld 444 be ! prop]ty ( ! crew1 s1 9 con=mity !re)1 !y decre$ t e di/rict or p>i% :i* !y %\ld p1 %\ld be ! prop]ty ( ! inhabitants1 & ! r5t & police ( ! same at _! disposal4444 ,a ,national ,assembly or ,congress consi/+ ( delegates f all ! p>i%es takes c>e ( ! national conc]ns1 & defrays ! exp5ses ( ! /ate & matt]s ( common utility1 by a p\nd rate f ea* p>i% )\t any o!r tax40 ,:at is a p>i% & :at is its "w8 ,look ar\nd ! ,engli% c\ntryside & see4 ,a p>i%1 to beg9 )1 is a 8compact portion ( ! c\ntry1 design$ly n too l>ge t x may ! m easily be manag$ by ! inhabitants ) respect to its rev5ues & ! police40 8,! p>i%es build & repair h\ses1 make roads1 plant h$ges & trees1 & 9 a ^w d all ! bus9ess ( a l&lord4444 ,a p>i% has _m heads to contrive :at ought to be done4 ,in/ead ( debat+ ab\t m5d+ ! /ate1 444 7= ours ne$s no m5d+7 we employ our +5uity ne>] home1 & ! result ( ! debates are 9 e p>i%1 h[ we %all "w su* a m9e1 make su* a riv] navigable1 dra9 su* a f51 or improve su* a wa/e4 ,^! ?+s we are all imm$iately int]e/$ 91 & h ea* a vote 9 execut+40 ,!re is a r\gh1 homespun quality ab\t ?is utopia1 & x ne$s a visit to ! ,engli% villages ( ! ,new ,=e/ or ! ,*ilt]n ,hills1 :]e "s ( ! common l&s h be5 kept1 to see :at a rural utopia w\ld be l if x c\ld keep itself free f invad]s :o s\ght to live (f ! fat ( ! l& )\t contribut+ _! labor4 ,sp5ce 0 n altoge!r bl9d to ! necessity ( keep+ wat* ov] ?is con/itution ( equality2 & he places 8 utopia 9 ! c>e ( two gu>dian angels--,vot+ by ,ballot & ! ,univ]sal ,use ( ,arms--two angels :i* look less =midable & pot5t 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury ?an !y did 9 ! fir/ decade ( ! n9ete5?1 :5 ! fir/ _h /ill to be tri$1 & :5 ! second 0 n complicat$ by ! inv5tion ( ma*9e guns & poison gases4 ,at ! bottom ( ,sp5ce's ,utopia1 h[ev]1 lies ! conviction :i* he %>es ) ,plato & all ! o!r g5u9e utopians2 namely1 t 9 ,?oreau's words less is accompli%$ by ! ?\s&s :o are hack+ at ! bran*es ( evil ?an by "o :o is /rik+ at ! root4 ,sp5ce1 x mu/ be rememb]$1 wrote 9 ! ?ick ( ! agitation = p>liam5t>y re=m :i* 0 ! keynote ( s mu* n9ete5? c5tury activity--! *>ti/ movem5t1 p>liam5t>y socialism1 & ! l1 be+ s _m ra9b[s 9 ! bubble ( political ef=t :i* bur/ ) su* a bang :5 ! ,great ,w> broke out4 ,sp5ce saw ! futility ( ^! sup]ficial dem&s4 ,he said3 8,?\s&s ( abortive s*emes are daily propos$ = r$ress+ grievances & m5d+ ! con/itution1 :]eas1 ! %oes 7 s ill-made at fir/1 & s worn1 rott51 & pat*$ already1 t !y are n wor? ! tr\ble or exp5se1 b ought to be ?r[n to ! dunghill2 & a new pair %\ld be made1 neat1 tight1 & easy z = ! foot ( "o t loves fre$om & ease4 ,!n w\ld y\r controv]sies ab\t ?is & ! o!r way ( cobbl+1 t cont9ually agitate y1 be done away2 & y w\ld walk along ! rugg$ & dirty pa? ( life easy & dry-%od40 #c ,! next utopia1 ,freel&1 m>ks a transition betwe5 ! utopia 9 :i* ! l& alone is held by ! community & t 9 :i* l& & capital & all ! ma*9]y ( production belong to a national /ate4 ,! writ] ( ?is utopia 0 an ,au/rian economi/1 ,!odor ,h]tzka2 & he fir/ publi%$ 8 view 9 consid]able detail1 ) ref]5ce to curr5t economic doctr9es1 9 a book call$ ,freel&3 ,a ,social ,anticipation4 ,he cond5s$ ^! doctr9es 9 ano!r book call$ ,a ,visit to ,freel&1 or ! new ,p>adise ,rega9$1 an attempt to picture 8 freeman's commonweal? 9 action4 ,^! books =m$ ! c5t] ( a :irlw9d ( agitation2 a magaz9e sprang up2 societies 7 organiz$ 9 v>i\s cities 9 ,europe & ,am]ica2 & a def9ite attempt 0 made to colonize a c]ta9 section ( ,africa1 select$ by ,h]tzka2 an attempt :i*1 alas6 met ) spe$y failure z a result ( ! obtus5ess & int]national jeal\sy ( v>i\s colonial (ficials4 ,! fir/ book 0 publi%$ 9 #ahhi2 & all ?is happ5$ 9 ! e>ly n9eties4 ,p]haps ! only practical effect ( x 0--& ?is is m]e conjecture--to turn ! ?\ghts ( c]ta9 ,zioni/s1 l ,israel ,zangwill1 f e/abli%+ ,zion 9 ,j]usalem to build+ x up aga9 9 "s m suitable region 9 ! he>t ( ,africa4 ,freel& may be describ$ z an individuali/ ,utopia on a social f\ndation4 ,h]tzka 0 fill$ ) sympa?y & admiration = ! doctr9es t ,adam ,smi? set =? 9 ,! ,weal? ( ,nations2 & he desir$ to realize a society 9 :i* ! maximum am\nt ( individual fre$om & initiative w\ld prevail1 especially 9 indu/rial ent]prises4 ,?is leads to a p>adox2 namely1 t 9 ord] to ensure fre$om x is impossible to practise laissez faire2 = ! effect ( laissez faire is to p]mit accid5tal aggregations ( weal? & p[] to ?reat5 ! fre$om t less =tunate individuals seek to enjoy4 ,s f> f be+ an an>*i/ utopia1 ,freel& is a co-op]ative commonweal? 9 :i* ! ,/ate acts z an int]e/$ p>ty 9 ! production & di/ribution ( goods4 ,?is diff]s f socialism 9 "n2 & x diff]$ f ! practical sociali/ agitation ( ! "t 9 t x reli$1 n ^u turn+ ov] e/abli%$ in/itutions 9 ,europe1 b 9 turn+ ov] a new leaf 9 ! ,k5ia ,highl&s ( ,africa2 b ,h]tzka's 8individualism0 comes to almo/ ! same ?+4 #d ,a visit to ,freel& tea*es u little ab\t ! arts ( social life or ! con/itution ( a good society4 ,:at we c le>n is "o ( ! me?ods by :i*--on hypo!sis anyway--! indu/rial me*anism might be controll$4 ,9 ,freel& !re are five fundam5tal laws2 & ( ^! ! fir/ is ! mo/ important2 namely1 t3 ,e inhabitant has an equal "r to ! common l& & to ! means ( production :i* are furni%$ by ! /ate4 ,! o!r fundam5tal laws h to d ) ! support ( wom5 & *ildr51 old m51 & ^? o!rwise unfit to "w1 all ( :om h ! "r ( ma9t5ance1 correspond+ to ! am\nt ( cr$it belong+ to ! /ate2 ) ! provision ( univ]sal suffrage = all above tw5ty-five ye>s ( age2 & ) ! e/abli%m5t ( indep5d5t legislative & executive bran*es ( ! gov]nm5t4 ,let u foll[ ! visitor to ,freel& z he makes 8 fir/ explorations 9 ,ed5dale1 its pr9cipal city1 & le>ns h[ affairs are conduct$4 ,if ?is is an individuali/ utopia x is n by any means free f ! s]vices ( a bureaucracy2 = fir/ ( all ! visitor turns to ! ,c5tral ,/ati/ical ,(fice1 :]e records are kept ( ! occupations t are op5 & ! am\nt ( pay (f]$ by ea*4 8,e inhabitant ( ,freel&10 our visitor f9ds1 8has ! "r to become a memb] ( any bus9ess he pleases4 ,"o has only to pres5t oneself = ?is purpose2 = ! manag]s only decide ^u ! mann] 9 :i* ! memb]s are to be employ$1 & n on ! memb]%ip itself40 ,9 practice1 ! numb] ( individuals ) private bus9esses & p>tn]%ips seems to be limit$1 = big companies n m]ely op]ate factories b provide re/aurant s]vice1 build h\ses1 & ev5 supply dome/ic s]vice to private individuals & h\seholds4 7,! visitor has 8 boots black$ by "o ( ^! associat$ m5ials1 & 8 ho/ess expla9s h[ ! s]vices ( a cat]] & a valet may be obta9$ by call+ up a c5tral di/ribut+ ag5cy47 ,! sole condition ^u :i* a p]son or company is all[$ to engage 9 bus9ess is t ! public be kept in=m$ ( all bus9ess transactions4 8,! companies are !re=e oblig$ to conduct _! book-keep+ op5ly4 ,! prices at :i* goods are b\ght & sold1 ! net pr(its & ! numb] ( workm51 mu/ be communicat$ at int]vals :i* are fix$ accord+ to ! judgm5t ( ! c5tral (fice40 ,obs]ve t ,h]tzka reckons ) ! fact t 9 an indu/rial society1 access to ma*9]y is j z important z access to ! l&1 s9ce1 9 a mann] ( speak+1 all our mod]n activities1 ev5 agriculture1 are p>asitic ^u ma*9]y4 ,h5ce ! collection & di/ribution ( capital is manag$ 9 ! int]e/s ( ! :ole community2 ! fir/ be+ tak5 c>e ( by a ye>ly tax1 :i* obviates ! ne$--& p]haps ! possibility--( individual sav+s1 :il/ ! capital is di/ribut$ )\t int]e/ to ! companies t make application = x4 ,! community pays = ! plant ?r\gh ! add$ *>ge :i* is laid on consum]s2 ! cr$it advanc$ is cancell$ out ?r\gh production4 ,?is arrangem5t does away ) ! /&+ *>ge = capital :i* is ma9ta9$ "u pres5t day production = pr(it ev5 aft] ! orig9al capital has be5 paid (f 9 divid5ds2 & above all1 x does away ) ! practice ( capitaliz+ increas$ returns 9 su* a way z to enl>ge ! am\nt ( ! /&+ *>ge = capital4 ,! social use ( capital to advance production1 r ?an to provide fix$ incomes = a r5ti] class1 is recogniz$ 9 ,freel&4 ,s9ce our visitor is an eng9e]1 he turns to a plant devot$ to ! manufacture ( railway equipm5t2 & notes t x is run "u ! foll[+ /atutes4 #a4 ,ev]yone is free to jo9 ! fir/ ,ed5dale ,eng9e & ,railway ,manufactur+ ,co41 ev5 if he also belongs to o!r companies4 ,ev]yone is also p]mitt$ to leave ! company :5ev] he *ooses4 ,! bo>d ( managem5t decides 9 :at bran* ( ! works ! memb]s %all be employ$4 #b4 ,e memb] is entitl$ to an am\nt ( ! net proce$s ( ! company correspond+ to ! quantity ( "w :i* is done4 #c4 ,! am\nt ( "w is calculat$ accord+ to ! numb] ( h\rs1 to :i* two p] c5t4 is add$ to t ( ! old] memb]s1 & t5 p] c5t4 to =em51 & t5 p] c5t4 = night "w4 #d4 ,! eng9e]s are paid z if work+ f t5 to fifte5 h\rs1 accord+ to ability4 ,! value ( ! manag] is e/imat$ 9 ! g5]al assembly4 #e4 ,out ( ! company's pr(its a d$uction is fir/ made t[>ds repaym5t ( capital1 & aft] ?is ! tax to ! /ate is d$uct$4 ,! rema9d] is divid$ among memb]s4 #f4 ,if ! company is dissolv$ or liquidat$1 ! memb]s are responsible 9 proportion to ! am\nt ( pr(it :i* !y get f rev5ues ( ! company1 & ?is responsibility = ! am\nt :i* is /ill pl$g$ is proportionately laid ^u new memb]s4 ,:5 a memb] leaves ! company1 8 responsibility = debt :i* has already be5 contract$ is n ext+ui%$4 ,9 case ( dissolution1 liquidation1 or sale1 ?is responsibility corresponds to ! claim ( ! responsible memb] to ! means ( ! company :i* are 9 h&1 or to 8 %>e 9 :at is sold4 #g4 ,! pr9cipal judicial body ( ! company is ! g5]al assembly 9 :i* e memb] has ! same "r to speak & ex]cise ! same active & passive "r ( *oice4 ,! g5]al assembly makes its det]m9ation by simply c\nt+ ! majority ( votes4 ,a majority ( ?ree qu>t]s is necess>y = *ang+ ! /atutes & = a dissolution or liquidation ( ! company4 #h4 ,! g5]al assembly practises its "r ei!r directly or by means ( *os5 (ficials1 :o are answ]able to x = _! actions4 #i4 ,! bus9ess ( ! society is manag$ by a directorate ( ?ree memb]s :o hold (fice at ! w ( ! g5]al assembly4 ,! subord9ate function>ies are *os5 by ! manag]s4 #aj4 ,! g5]al assembly selects e ye> a committee ( inspection :i* consi/s ( five memb]s4 ,?is body has to control & make a report ^u ! books & ! mann] 9 :i* ! company is conduct$4 ,n[1 z a memb] ( ! company1 our visitor w\ld h ! am\nt he has e>n$ cr$it$ to him at a ,c5tral ,bank1 :i* keeps 8 acc\nts & s5ds him an ab/ract e week2 & ?r\gh ?is bank he w\ld make ! l>g] "p ( 8 disbursem5ts4 ,! products ( ! company1 moreov]1 are valu$1 /or$1 & sold by a ,c5tral ,w>eh\se1 9 mu* ! same fa%ion t "u ! pres5t regime a manufactur]'s :ole output may be dispos$ ( ?r\gh a big dep>tm5t /ore or a mail ord] h\se4 ,let u n[ sum ?is up4 ,! collection & disposition ( capital belongs to ! community2 & ! total capital available = fur!r production ea* ye> is bas$ directly ^u ! productive capacities ( ! community1 )\t ! wa/e & leakage t arises 9 pres5t-day society ?\gh :at ,mr4 ,?or/e9 ,vebl5 calls ! conspicu\s wa/e--! futile exp5ditures--( ! leisur$ classes4 ,t ?is collection ( a capital tax ^u income w\ld be any m difficult ?an ! pres5t corporation tax or private income tax1 :i* is n[ dissipat$ to ! ext5t ( "s #ij p] c5t4 or s ^u armies & navies1 is s]i\sly to be d\bt$4 ,9 addition to ?is1 ! process ( op5 book-keep+ enables ! ,c5tral ,bank & ! ,c5tral ,w>eh\se to h an accurate k ( pot5tial production1 & ?us !re exi/s an accurate basis = apportion+ cr$it4 ,at ! same "t ! value ( commodities comes by ?is means to h a direct relation to ! co/s ( production r ?an to :at ! traffic w be>4 ,on all ^! heads ! tra9$ economi/ w d\btless h _m po9ts to conte/2 b 9 _! broad outl9es !re is no abrupt dep>ture f curr5t practise 9 any ( ^! items1 & n mu* reason1 p]haps1 :y !y %\ld n be m ?or\ghly in/itut$4 ,) ! v>i\s ramifications ( ,ed5dale indu/ry & corporate f9ance x is n my bus9ess to deal2 we h gone f> en\gh to see t v little inde$ rema9s :5 ! "q ( means has be5 gone into4 ,! *ief good t ,freel& seems to (f] is fre$om 9 indu/rial ent]prise4 ,an association ( m5 c get l& & capital on dem&1 & devote !mselves to ei!r agriculture or manufactur+ indu/ry2 & ! risk ( failure is m9imiz$ by a complete k ( ! probable dem& & probable supply calculat$ by ! /ati/ical bureau4 ,fail+ an outlet = indu/ry ?r\gh association1 !re rema9s ! l& itself1 = individual cultivation4 8,e family 9 ,freel& dwells 9 its own h\se1 & e h\se is surr\nd$ by its great g>d51 a ?\s& squ>e met]s 9 ext5t4 ,^! h\ses are ! private prop]ty ( ! inhabitants1 & s]ve1 l ! g>d5s1 = private use4 ,! inhabitants ( ,freel& d n1 z a rule1 recognize any k9d ( own]%ip ( l&2 !y r g ^u ! pr9ciple t ! l& mu/ be put 9 ev]yone's h&s to d ) :at he *ooses4 ,?is1 9 ! mo/ lit]al & wide s5se ( ! ^w1 means t e inhabitant ( ,freel& c cultivate e piece ( l& :5ev] he pleases4 ,b ?is only relates to ! l& :i* is set ap>t = cultivation1 & n t set ap>t = liv+ ^u4444 ,! inhabitants ( ,freel& h agre$1 ) reg>d to ! size & disposition ( ! l&1 s]v+ = ! creation ( a dwell+ h\se1 to =m regulations1 & a k9d ( build+ c\rt 444 :i* has to det]m9e :at gr\nd is & :at is n to be built ^u1 p>cels out ! l& = build+1 sees to ! lay+ out ( /reets1 canals1 & ! l1 & especially takes c>e t n m ?an "o build+ is erect$ ^u "o build+ allotm5t40 #e ,:at sort ( life arises out ( ?is k9d ( indu/rial association1 ^! provisions = ! common use ( ma*9]y & l&8 ,x is all r dry & colorless1 a sort ( picture po/c>d view ( ! ,promis$ ,l&4 ,we are told t !re are a great numb] ( public build+s 9 ,ed5dale--an adm9i/rative palace1 ! ,c5tral bank1 ! ,univ]sity1 ! ,academy ( ,arts1 ?ree ,public ,libr>ies1 f\r ,!at]s1 ! gr& c5tral goods w>eh\se1 a great numb] ( s*ools & o!r build+s4 ,9 addition1 extraord9>y means are tak5 to provide = public cleanl9ess1 & ! aqu$ucts 9 ,ed5dale--we seem to be read+ a ,*amb] ( ,comm]ce report6--are 8almo/ )\t any equal 9 ! _w10 moreov]1 8!y are be+ ext5d$ daily40 ,! refuse is clean$ away by a sy/em ( pneumatic suck+ app>atus4 ,! /reets are entirely macadamiz$4 ,electric tramways cross !m 9 e direction & b9d ! suburbs to ! t[n4 ,su* glimpses z we get ( ,ed5dale rem9d u1 9 fact1 ( a g-ahead city 9 ,cali=nia or ,s\? ,africa4 ,! utopia ( ,freel& is progressive en\gh 9 all consci5ce2 = _m ( ^! me*anical devices 7 only vague anticipations 9 #ahhi2 b x is progressive 9 a me*anical s5se2 & :5 we exam9e x c>efully1 p seem to live ! same sort ( life "h z !y d 9 a 8mod]n0 ,european or ,am]ican city4 ,!re are diff]5ces1 ( c\rse2 & ,i d n seek to m9imize _! importance3 ! slum prolet>iat has be5 aboli%$2 ev]yone belongs to ! middle class & enjoys ! felicities ( a high-grade cl]k or an eng9e] or m9or (ficial4 ,?is is ! peculi>ity ( our n9ete5? c5tury utopians3 !y d n s mu* criticize ! goods ( _! times z dem& m ( !m6 ,buck+ham & ,h]tzka1 ?\gh !y diff] 9 details1 wi% to ext5d middle class values ?r\gh\t society--com=t & security & a pl5itude ( soap & sanitation4 ,ev5 :5 ! means !y propose are revolution>y1 ! in/itutions !y w\ld erect are conceiv$ v mu* 9 ! image ( curr5t use & wont1 & are unspeakably tame4 ,z we pass f ,h]tzka to ,bellamy ^! facts gl>e insi/5tly at u4 ,! slight air ( t$ium t ,i h n be5 able to disguise 9 deal+ ) ^! utopias arises1 ,i believe1 f our excessive famili>ity ) _! cont5ts4 ,our n9ete5? c5tury utopias1 if we except ^? ( ,f\ri] & ,sp5ce & a few m di/+ui%$ ones :i* we %all pres5tly come to1 d n dream ( a r5ovat$ _w3 !y keep on add+ inv5tions to ! pres5t "o4 ,^! utopias become va/ reticulations ( /eel & r$-tape1 until we feel t we are caught 9 ! ,nightm>e ( ! ,age ( ,ma*9]y2 & %all nev] escape4 ,if ?is *>act]ization seem unju/1 ,i beg ! read] to comp>e ! utopias be=e ,bacon ) ! utopias aft] ,f\ri]1 & f9d out h[ little human significance rema9s 9 ! po/-eighte5? c5tury utopia :5 ! ma*9]y = support+ ! good life is blott$ out4 ,^! utopias are all ma*9]y3 ! means has become ! end1 & ! g5u9e problem ( ends has be5 =gott54 ,,*apt] ,,eight ,h[ ti5ne ,cabet dream$ ( a new ,napoleon call$ ,ic>1 & a new ,france call$ ,ic>ia2 & h[ 8 utopia1 ) t :i* ,edw>d ,bellamy %[s u 9 ,look+ ,backw>d1 gives u a h9t ( :at ma*9]y might br+ u to if ! indu/rial organization 7 nationaliz$4 ,,*apt] ,,eight #a ti5ne ,cabet op5$ 8 eyes ^u ! ye> t prec$$ ! meet+ ( ! ,national ,assembly 9 #aghh1 & clos$ !m ^u ! ,empire ( ,napoleon ,,iii4 ,x w\ld be fooli% to give an acc\nt ( ,cabet's ,voyage en ,ic>ie )\t not+ ^! facts2 = ! reason t ,cabet's mo/ impressionable ye>s 7 dr5*$ ) ! flamboyant light ( ! ,napoleonic conque/s & ! ,napoleonic tradition :i* rema9$ z an aft]gl[ :5 ! conque/s !mselves _h fall5 bel[ ! horizon4 ,! spectacle ( a nationaliz$ *ur* & a nationaliz$ sy/em ( education1 ext5d+ _! m9i/rations to ! smalle/ commune ?r\gh a va/ sy/em ( bureaucracy1 mu/ h giv5 a solidity to 8 dreams :i* ! int]ruption ( ! fir/ ,napoleon's p]sonal d[nfall c\ld only h re9=c$4 ,to und]/& :y ! ,j\rney to ,ic>ia1 z we may call x1 %\ld h be5 "o ( ! be/ sell]s among work+m5 9 #ahde1 & to see :y ,l\is ,blanc %\ld h attempt$ to set up an organization ( ,national ,work%ops 9 #ahdh1 "o mu/ realize ! hi/oric mom5tum ( ,napoleon's dictator%ip4 ,cabet consci\sly or unconsci\sly idealiz$ ! ,napoleonic tradition2 & 9 ,ic>ia he consummat$ x4 ,t ,cabet's futile w-to-p[] %\ld h l$ him1 "u ! inspiration ( ,ow51 to ! swamps ( ,miss\ri z ! lead] ( a little b& ( communi/ pione]s is an ironic twi/ ( circum/ance3 8 ,ic>ia 0 a national /ate1 ) all its pomp & dignity & spl5dor1 & n a squalid collection ( huts 9 ! mid/ ( a dre>y prairie4 ,cabet di$ 9 ,am]ica1 z mu* p]haps f an outrag$ s5se ( dignity z f any physical disease1 & no?+ came ( 8 utopia until ,edw>d ,bellamy gave x a fre% outl9e 9 ,look+ ,backw>d4 #b ,) ! romantic elem5t 9 ! ,j\rney to ,ic>ia--! ,engli% "l & ! ,ic>ian family he visits1 & ! v>i\s fri5d%ips & love affairs t are outl9$ 9 its pages--,i purpose to h no?+ to d4 ,^! ?+s add an elem5t ( complication to ,cabet's picture )\t do+ v mu* to illum9ate x4 ,ic>ia is a c\ntry divid$ into a hundr$ prov9ces almo/ equal 9 ext5t & almo/ ! same 9 population4 ,^! prov9ces are 9 turn divid$ into t5 communes1 :i* are likewise almo/ equal1 & ! prov9cial capital is 9 ! c5t] ( ! prov9ce1 :il/ ea* communal city is ! c5t] ( ! commune4 ,! elegance & precision ( ! decimal sy/em has ov]laid ! facts ( geography & z "o looks ov] ! map ( ! imag9>y c\ntry "o recalls ! way 9 :i* ! ,fr5* revolution divid$ ,france into arbitr>y adm9i/rative areas call$ dep>tm5ts1 upsett+ ^? anci5t regional gr\p+s :i* correspond$1 r\ghly1 ) ! natural units ( soil1 climate1 population1 & hi/oric cont9uity4 ,9 ! mid/ ( ,ic>ia is ! city ( ,ic>a4 ,ic>a is a recon/ruct$ ,p>is1 built on a recon/ruct$ ,se9e4 ,x is almo/ circul>1 cut into two equal p>ts by a riv] ^: banks h be5 /raight5$ & enclos$ 9 two /raight walls2 & ! b$ has be5 deep5$ to receive ocean vessels4 ,9 ! middle ( ! city ! riv] divides into two arms1 :i* =m a r big circul> isl&--?\gh ! isl&s =m$ naturally by ! division ( a riv] are inevitably n circul>6--& "h is ! civic c5t]1 plant$ ) trees1 9 ! mid/ ( :i* /&s a palace4 ,!re is a sup]b g>d5 elevat$ on a t]race2 9 ! c5t]1 a va/ column surm\nt$ by a colossal /atue t dom9ates all ! build+s4 ,on ea* side ( ! riv] is a big quay1 bord]$ by public (fices4 ,! effect is indubitably metropolitan4 ,! city is divid$ into qu>t]s3 ,ic>a has sixty communes ( almo/ equal size4 ,9 ea* qu>t] is a s*ool1 a hospital1 a temple1 %ops1 public places1 & monum5ts4 ,! /reets are /raight & wide1 ! city be+ trav]s$ by fifty av5ues p>allel to ! riv] & fifty p]p5dicul> to x4 ,h[ x is possible to reconcile ?is /reet plan ) a circul> city ,i h no notion2 & ,cabet app>5tly did n take ! tr\ble to ca/ 8 v]bal specifications into a def9ite picture or plan4 ,ea* block has fifte5 h\ses on ea* side1 ) a public build+ 9 ! middle1 & "o at ea* end2 & betwe5 ! r[s ( h\ses are g>d5s :i* ! inhabitants ( ,ic>ia1 l ^? ( ,utopia1 h a great pride 9 keep+ up4 ,! blocks are arrang$ ar\nd squ>es1 v mu* l ^? ( ,belgravia & ,mayfair 9 ,london2 b ! g>d5s are public ones & are c>$ = by ! inhabitants4 ,! ,ic>ian villages are almo/ z metropolitan z ! pr9cipal city itself4 ,"o notes a great preoccupation ) hygi5ic conv5i5ces & sanit>y regulations4 ,!re are du/ collectors ( special model2 ! sidewalks are cov]$ ) glass aga9/ ra92 & ! /ations = omnibuses are also cov]$4 ,! /reets are well-light$ & pav$4 ,/ables1 slaught] h\ses1 & hospitals are on ! outskirts ( ! village4 ,! factories & w>eh\ses are on ! railway l9es & canals1 & half ! /reets are clos$ to all traffic except dog-c>ts4 ,9 sum1 ,ic>ia enjoys a highly sophi/icat$ & metropolitan =m ( life4 ,ev]y?+ has be5 8arrang$10 ev]y?+ has be5 8att5d$ to40 ,!re are no upsett+ complications & div]sities4 ,ev5 ! wea!r has be5 dispos$ (4 ,no?+ %ort ( a v p[]ful & p]si/5t organization c\ld h accompli%$ ^! ?+s4 ,:at is ?is organization8 #c ,9 ! beg9n+ 0 ,ic>1 ! dictator :o e/abli%$ ! gov]nm5t ( ,ic>ia1 & out ( ,ic> !re sprang a numb] ( bureaux1 dep>tm5ts1 & committees4 ,let u foll[ a typical ,ic>ian ?r\gh 8 day1 & exam9e ! in/itutions he comes 9 contact )4 ,our ,ic>ian is an e>ly ris] by necessity1 = at #f ,a4 ,m4 breakfa/ is s]v$ 9 a re/aurant or factory4 ,x is n a caprici\s breakfa/2 x is su* a breakfa/1 p]haps1 z ! gu>dians ( ,battle ,creek1 ,mi*igan1 dream (4 ,! food t is s]v$ 9 ,ic>ia is regulat$ by a committee ( sci5ti/s2 & :ile ev]ybody has all t is good = him1 precisely :at is good & 9 :at am\nts1 someone else has decid$ 9 advance4 ,s x is at pres5t 9 our armies & navies1 & to "s ext5t 9 our *eap lun*rooms1 ! diff]5ce be+ t !re rema9s1 outside ,ic>ia1 ! possibility ( break+ away f ! r\t9e & foll[+ caprice & appetite )\t respect = ! committee ( dietitians4 ,:5 our ,ic>ian has breakfa/$1 he goes to 8 "w1 sev5 h\rs 9 summ]1 six 9 w9t]4 ,he works ! same numb] ( h\rs z e o!r ,ic>ian1 & :e!r he works 9 ! field or ! work%op1 ! products ( 8 indu/ry are deposit$ 9 public /ores4 ,:o is 8 employ]8 ,! ,/ate4 ,:o owns all ! in/rum5ts ( production & s]vice1 d[n to ! horses & c>riages8 ,! ,/ate4 ,:o organizes ! work]s8 ,! ,/ate4 ,:o con/ructs ! /ores & factories1 att5ds to ! cultivation ( ! gr\nd1 has h\ses built1 & makes all ! ?+s necess>y = clo?+1 lodg+1 & transport8 ,! same4 ,9 !ory1 ! public is ! sole proprietor & director ( indu/ry2 9 practice--,cabet doesn't tell u o!rwise & x necess>ily foll[s 9 a sy/em ( national indu/ry--a body ( eng9e]s & (ficials h tak5 ov] ! dictator%ip ( ,ic> & are runn+ ! affairs ( ! community4 ,h[ famili> ?is ,ic>ia seems to u4 ,utopia--c'e/ la gu]re6 ,:5 he is ?r\gh ) 8 "w1 our ,ic>ian possibly *anges 8 clo!s4 ,exactly :at clo!s are necess>y1 & :at are p]missible has already be5 prescrib$ by a committee on clo!s2 :i* comes to say+ t e ,ic>ian's dress is a uni=m1 ev5 z e ,ic>ian is an (ficial ( ! ,/ate4 ,eat+1 work+1 dress+1 sleep+--!re is no gett+ away f ,/ate regulations4 ,! uni=mity t irks u 9 mod]n life & t makes p :o h "s remnant ( free initiative 9 _! makeup *afe 9 ! civil s]vice1 to say no?+ ( ! army1 is ext5d$ to ! la/ degree 9 ,ic>ia4 ,napoleon's conception ( a nation 9 arms is dom9ant2 only n[ x is a nation 9 ov]alls4 ,our ,ic>ian's fa!r & "m 7 m>ri$ aft] a six-mon? int]val ( c\rt%ip4 ,s9ce !y took advantage ( ! in/itution at ! e>lie/ mom5t p]mitt$ by law1 he 0 tw5ty & %e 0 eighte54 ,by education1 !y _h be5 taught to look ^u conjugal fidelity z a desid]atum2 & !y realiz$ t concub9age & adult]y w\ld be look$ ^u z crimes by public op9ion1 ev5 if ^! crimes 7 n puni%$ by law4 ,be=e our ,ic>ian 0 born 8 "m receiv$ public in/ruction on mat]nity4 ,up to ! age ( five our ,ic>ian's education 0 dome/ic2 b f ! fif? to ! sev5te5? or eighte5? ye>1 dome/ic in/ruction 0 comb9$ ) intellectual & moral education1 "u a program laid d[n by a committee :i* _h consult$ all sy/ems ( education1 anci5t & mod]n4 ,8 g5]al or elem5t>y education 0 ! same z t ( e o!r ,ic>ian2 b at sev5te5 = girls & eighte5 = m51 8 pr(essional education began4 ,! only indu/ries or pr(essions op5 to our ,ic>ians 7 ^? recogniz$ & sanction$ by ! ,/ate2 & e ye> a li/ is publi%$ tell+ ! numb] ( work]s ne$$ 9 ea* pr(ession4 ,! numb] ( work]s1 9 turn1 is det]m9$ by a committee on indu/ry1 :i* plans ! am\nt ( goods t mu/ be produc$ dur+ ! com+ ye>4 ,our ,ic>ian beg9s "w at eighte51 8 si/] at sev5te52 & he is exempt f "w at sixty-five1 :ile %e w\ld be exempt at fifty4 ,! republic1 ,i may note p>5!tically1 asks f ea* commune ! sort ( indu/rial & agricultural production :i* goes be/ ) its natural res\rces2 deliv]+ its surplus production to o!r communes & giv+ x1 9 turn1 :at x may lack4 ,cabet describes all ^! in/itutions 9 ! m9ute/ fa%ion1 d[n to ! noiseless w9d[ ) :i* ea* ,ic>ian's h\se is equipt2 b ! broad outl9es ( ! indu/rial & social sy/em are conta9$ 9 ?is picture4 ,:at we see is a ,national ,/ate1 abundantly organiz$ = w>1 & rema9+ on t foot+ 9 ! mid/ ( its peace-"t activities4 ,:at is n ( national importance1 9 ?is s*eme ( ?+s1 is ( no importance2 & ! p :o decide :at is or is n ( national importance are ! (ficehold]s--,i f9d x difficult to discov] a utopian equival5t = ?is ^w or to fancy any great improvem5t 9 utopia--9 ! capital4 ,! political activities t regulate ^! ,ic>ian in/itutions d n greatly reassure u4 ,f ea* ( ! ?\s& communes two deputies are *os5 to hold (fice = two ye>s3 ?is con/itutes ! national repres5tation4 ,! basis ( ?is sy/em is ! communal assembly2 & f ?is communal assembly ! prov9cial repres5tatives are drawn4 ,! national executive consi/s ( sixte5 memb]s1 ea* ) a special dep>tm5t2 & x is pla9 t "h is ! seat ( p[]2 = exactly :at bus9ess rema9s 9 ! h&s ( ! two ?\s& legislators :5 ! food committee has det]m9$ ! am\nt & v>iety ( food1 ! indu/rial committee ! quantity & k9d ( manufactur$ products1 & ! educational committee ! me?ods1 subjects1 & aims ( education1 x is a little h>d to det]m9e4 ,!re are no newspap]s & no means ( organiz$ criticism1 except ! "r ( submitt+ propositions to ! popul> assemblies4 ,! only ?+ resembl+ public op9ion is ! collective op9ion ( ^! assemblies4 ,! newspap]s are publi%$ by ! gov]nm5t1 "o = ! nation1 "o = ! prov9ce1 & "o = ! commune2 & !y are devot$ solely to ! pres5tation ( news1 divorc$ f op9ion4 ,= ?is k9d ( political sy/em1 & = all ! p[] t x might presume to wield1 !re is a ^w 9 philosophy :i* has no sub/itute--epiph5om5on4 ,! popul> sy/em ( repres5tation 9 ,ic>ia is b a %ad[ ( t dictatorial p[] :i* 0 fir/ wield$ by ,ic> & 0 9 turn transmitt$ to ! committees & bureaux4 ,if ,i h be5 criticiz+ ,ic>ia 9 t]ms ( ! la/ c5tury ( political exp]i5ce1 ,i c only plead t x is because ,ic>ia is s little l ,utopia & s mu* l ! actual ord] ( ?+s4 ,x mu/ be prep>$ to /& fire z a fait accompli3 inde$1 9 ! e>ly days ( ! second ,russian revolution x came ne> to be+ a fait accompli--!re 0 m ( ,cabet ?an ( ,m>x p]haps 9 embryonic ,soviet ,russia6 ,ic>ia is ess5tially n an ideal b an idealization2 & x is 9 ord] to keep ! two f be+ confus$ t ,i h emphasiz$ its little weaknesses4 ,:at is good 9 ,ic>ia is :at is good 9 ! in/itution ( an army2 :at is bad is :at is bad 9 ! execution ( a w>4 ,if ! good life c\ld be p]petrat$ by a junta ( busybodies1 z ,plato w\ld call !m1 ,ic>ia w\ld be a model community4 #d ,look+ backw>d into ! future3 t 0 ! p>adox by :i* a "y ,new ,engl& romanc]1 ,edw>d ,bellamy1 conc]n$ l ,?oreau & ,em]son & ! re/ ( ! great ,concord s*ool ) ! well-be+ ( 8 community1 desc5d$ f lit]ature to sociology2 & /irr$ ! m9ds ( ?\s&s ( p 9 ,am]ica 9 mu* ! same fa%ion t ,!odor ,h]tzka1 writ+ at ! same "t1 /irr$ 8 ,european contempor>ies4 ,hav+ begun to romanticize ab\t reality1 ,bellamy dur+ ! decade t foll[$ ! publication ( ,look+ ,backw>d1 devot$ himself to realiz+ 8 romance4 ,9 a lat] "w1 ,equality1 he set =? 8 picture ( ! ,new ,society ( ! ye> #bjjj 9 mu* great] detail2 j z if ! popul>ity ( 8 fir/ "w committ$ him to take up s]i\sly ! tasks ( ! economi/ & ! /atesman4 ,! *ief pleasure1 n[adays1 9 bo? ( ^! books is ! famili> "o ( recognition2 = if ,bellamy did n portray a bett] future he at any rate1 l ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells1 9 8 e>ly romances1 outl9$ _m p>ts ( a future t has = u1 9 ! tw5tie? c5tury1 become an actuality2 a fact :i* makes u realize v poignantly ! limitations ( 8 utopia4 ,9 spite ( a ?9-lipp$ /yle1 ,bellamy h&les 8 /ory 9 a neat1 workmanlike way1 ) a c]ta9 plausibility & famili>ity :i* d\btless expla9s ! fact t x c /ill be f\nd1 )\t any difficulty1 on ! fiction %elves ( our circulat+ public libr>ies4 ,! preface to ,look+ ,backw>d is dat$3 8,hi/orical ,section ,%awmut ,college1 ,bo/on1 ,decemb] #bf1 #bjjj40 ,9 t preface ! "w is pres5t$ z an av[$ romance :i* w enable ! read]s ( #bjjj to realize ! gaps t sep>ate !m f _! ance/ors1 & to value ! prodigi\s 8moral & mat]ial0 trans=mation t has tak5 place 9 a few g5]ations4 ,julius ,we/ is a p]son :om our ,%awmut hi/orian inv5ts1 to bridge ! gap betwe5 ! two eras4 ,julius ,we/1 a "y man ( weal?1 s5sitive to ! ignom9y ( 8 position1 & feel+ t1 z a 8ri* man liv+ among ! poor1 an educat$ man among ! un$ucat$10 he 80 l "o liv+ 9 isolation among a jeal\s & ali5 race40 ,9 ord] to ov]come 8 insomnia ,we/ sleeps 9 a vault$ room 9 ! f\ndations ( 8 h\se1 & gets put to sleep by a hypnoti/2 & s by a dramatic ov]sight he hib]nates = #aac ye>s1 & awak5s among /range faces4 ,ne$less to say1 ,we/ has a love affair 9 ! old _w :i* is c>ri$ on 9 ! new1 ?r\gh a desc5dant ( ! girl he meant to m>ry2 & x is equally ne$less to obs]ve t he reawak5s to ! _w ( #ahhg z soon z ! in/itutions ( #bjjj h be5 describ$ & ! love affair has be5 resolv$4 ,let u take ,we/'s muzz9ess1 8 amazem5t1 & 8 s5se ( isolation = grant$1 & foll[ him z he explores 8 new environm5t4 #e ,if ,plato cavali]ly disposes ( ! labor problem ( ! ,republic by p]mitt+ ?+s to rema9 pretty mu* z !y 71 ,bellamy makes ! solution ( labor organization & ! di/ribution ( weal? ! key to e o!r in/itution 9 8 utopia4 ,9 ! ,unit$ ,/ates ( #ahhg ! gr[+ organization ( labor & ! aggregation ( capital into tru/s 7 ! two *ief economic factors3 ,dr4 ,leete1 ,julius ,we/'s ho/1 pictures h[ ?is aggregation & comb9ation 7 cont9u$ until1 by a m]e %ift ( ge>s1 8! epo* ( tru/s _h end$ 9 ,! ,great ,tru/40 ,9 a ^w1 8! p ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates conclud$ to assume ! conduct ( _! own bus9ess1 j z "o hundr$ ye>s be=e !y _h assum$ ! conduct ( _! own gov]nm5t1 organiz+ n[ = indu/rial purposes on precisely ! same gr\nds t !y _h organiz$ = political purposes40 ,0 !re any viol5ce 9 ?is transition8 ,ah no6 ev]y?+ _h be5 prep>$ be=eh& by public op9ion1 ! great corporations _h gradually tra9$ ev]ybody into an acceptance ( l>ge-scale organization1 & ! f9al /ep ( m]g+ all ! big corporations into a national corporation occurr$ )\t a j>4 ,) ! assumption by ! nation ( ! mills1 ma*9]y1 railroads1 f>ms1 m9es1 & capital 9 g5]al1 all ! difficulties ( labor vani%$1 = e citiz5 became by virtue ( 8 citiz5%ip an employee ( ! gov]nm5t1 & 0 di/ribut$ accord+ to ! ne$s ( indu/ry4 ,9 #bjjj 8! labor army0 is n a figure ( spee*3 x is an army inde$1 = ! nation is a s+le indu/rial unit1 & ! pr9ciple ^u :i* ! work+ =ce is recruit$ is univ]sal compulsory indu/rial s]vice4 ,aft] a man's education has be5 complet$ 9 ! common s*ool sy/em1 :i* ext5ds /raight ?r\gh college1 he mu/ fir/ s]ve a t]m ( ?ree ye>s 9 an unclassifi$ labor army1 :i* p]=ms all ! r\gh & m5ial tasks ( ! community4 ,:5 ?is p]iod is ov]1 he is p]mitt$ to (f] himself z a recruit 9 any ( ! trades or pr(essions :i* may be decl>$ op5 by ! gov]nm5t1 & c tra9 = 8 call+ up to ! age ( ?irty1 9 ! national s*ools & in/itutes4 ,9 ord] to attract p into occupations :]e !y are ne$$1 ! h\rs are r$uc$ &1 = ! dang]\s trades1 volunte]s are call$ =4 ,!re are h[ev] no discrim9ations 9 pay4 ,e p]son is cr$it$ ) a sum ( f\r ?\s& doll>s p] annum at ! ,national ,bank1 a sum :i* he receives because ( 8 ne$s z a man & n because ( 8 capacity z a work]4 ,in/ead ( be+ rew>d$ = giv+ ! full measure ( 8 en]gies & abilities1 a man is p5aliz$ if he fails to d s4 ,x is possible to %ift f "o bran* ( ! s]vice to ano!r1 "u c]ta9 re/rictions1 ev5 z 9 ! navy "o c *ange "o's rat+ & apply = s]vice on a diff]5t %ip or /ation1 b except = ! possibility ( retir+ on a half-income at ! age ( ?irty-?ree1 ev]yone mu/ rema9 at "w until he is =ty-five4 ,to ?is rule !re is "o exception2 & we may note ironically t x is made 9 favor ( ! writ]'s guild4 ,if a man produces a book he may "n 8 own royalties1 & live z long f ?is income z ! sale w all[2 & if he wi%es to />t a newspap] or a magaz9e1 & c get cr$it f a suffici5t numb] ( o!r p to support 8 ent]prise1 !re is no?+ to prev5t him f remitt+ s]vice to ! am\nt 8 gu>antors are ready to d$uct f _! p]sonal income4 ,9 o!r words1 a man mu/ 8ei!r by lit]>y1 arti/ic1 or inv5tive productiv5ess indemnify ! nation = ! loss ( 8 s]vices1 or mu/ get a suffici5t numb] ( p to contribute to su* an indemnity40 ,?is is ! "o op5 hole 9 our milit>iz$1 indu/rial utopia2 & ,i ?9k x is ! mo/ acceptable feature 9 ! :ole sy/em4 ,a community organiz$ z a s+le unit1 direct$ by a g5]al /aff at ,wa%+ton1 & p]petually exhibit+ a h]d complex :i* e in/itution w\ld naturally re9=ce1 might n be a v g5ial %elt] = ! s\l ( an arti/2 b if x 71 ?is means ( support w\ld d\btless be fair & excell5t = ! enc\ragem5t ( ! arts4 ,to g back to our army4 ,! entire field ( production & di/ribution is divid$ into t5 great dep>tm5ts1 ea* repres5t+ a gr\p ( alli$ indu/ries2 & ea* p>ticul> indu/ry is 9 turn repres5t$ by a subord9ate bureau1 :i* has a complete record ( ! plant & ! =ce "u its control1 ( ! pres5t product1 & ( ! means ( increas+ x4 ,! e/imates ( ! di/ributive dep>tm5t1 aft] adoption by ! adm9i/ration1 are s5t z m&ates to ! t5 great dep>tm5ts1 :i* allot !m to ! subord9ate bureaux1 repres5t+ ! p>ticul> indu/ries1 & ^! set ! m5 at "w4444 8,aft] ! necess>y cont+5ts h be5 detail$ = ! v>i\s indu/ries1 ! am\nt ( labor left = o!r employm5t is exp5d$ 9 creat+ fix$ capital1 su* z build+s1 ma*9]y1 eng9e]+ works1 & s =?40 ,9 ord] to safegu>d ! consum] f ! caprices ( ! adm9i/ration1 a new article mu/ be produc$ z soon z a c]ta9 gu>ante$ dem& = x has be5 e/abli%$ by popul> petition1 :il/ an old article mu/ be cont9u$ to be produc$ z long z !re are cu/om]s = x1 provision be+ made t ! price rise 9 accordance ) ! great] co/ ( production p] unit4 ,n[ ! g5]al ( ?is indu/rial army is ! presid5t ( ! ,unit$ ,/ates4 ,he is *os5 f among ! corps comm&]s2 & x is provid$ t e (fic] 9 ! army1 f ! presid5t d[n to ! s]geant1 mu/ "w 8 way up f ! grade ( common labor]4 ,! *ief peculi>ity ( ?is sy/em consi/s 9 ! way 9 :i* ! vot+ is done4 ,! vot]s are all honor>y memb]s ( ! guild to :i* !y belong2 t is1 m5 :o are ov] =ty-five ye>s old2 ?is applies n m]ely to ! t5 lieut5ant g5]als1 b to ! comm&]-9-*ief1 :o is n eligible = ! presid5cy until he has be5 a c]ta9 numb] ( ye>s out ( (fice4 ,! presid5t is elect$ by vote ( all ! m5 ( ! nation :o are n connect$ ) ! indu/rial army2 = any o!r me?od1 ,bellamy ?9ks1 w\ld be prejudicial to discipl9e4 ,!re are v>i\s names = ?is practice3 "o ( !m is g]ontocracy1 or gov]nm5t by ! ag$2 & ano!r1 m famili>1 is 8alumni control40 ,:5 we recollect t ! h>d%ips ( milit>y s]vice look r mild & pleasant to ! man :o has be5 mu/]$ out1 ,i d\bt if ! y\ng/]s 9 ! indu/rial army w\ld /& mu* *ance ( hav+ _! lot improv$ if ! initiative = a *ange _h to come f ! alumni4 ,yet we "k :at ev5 ! =mation ( a work]'s %op committee w\ld be 9 an indu/rial army3 x w\ld be mut9y4 ,z = criticism ( ! adm9i/ration1 t w\ld be treason2 admiration = ! practices ( ano!r c\ntry w\ld be disloyalty2 & advocacy ( a *ange 9 ! me?od ( indu/ry w\ld be s$ition4 ,true3 corruption & bribe-tak+ & all ! dirty sc&als t we associate today ) a f9ancial olig>*y w\ld be wip$ out 9 utopia2 b ?is m]ely means t ! defects ( ! old ord] w\ld disappe> along ) its virtues4 ,:at w\ld rema9 w\ld be ! defects t arise :5 a nation is 9 arms1 & :5 !re is no escape1 by travel or m5tal )drawal1 f its in/itutions2 9 %ort1 ! defects ( a /ate ( w>4 ,to call ?is a peaceful community is absurd3 "o might z well call a battle%ip a pleasure-craft because a mod]n "o possesses a b& & %[s motion pictures to ! crew4 ,! organization ( ?is utopia is an organization = w>2 & ! "o rule t su* a community w\ld n tol]ate is 8live & let live40 ,if ?is is ! peace t 8indu/rial prep>$ness0 ensures x is sc>cely wor? hav+4 ,any community t lik$ ?is /ate ( life w\ld sc>cely ne$ ! con/ant exhortation ( ! recruit+ s]geant or ! f9al compulsion ( a conscription act4 #f ,! great "p ( ,look+ ,backw>d is a discussion ( ?is p]fect$ =m ( indu/rial organization2 ! mann] 9 :i* x is work$2 & ! effects ( complete economic equality 9 do+ away ) ! necessity = ! great] "p ( ! legal ma*9]y ( ! pres5t day1 s9ce crimes ) an economic motive w\ld almo/1 accord+ to ,bellamy1 be un?9kable4 ,"h & !re h[ev] we h glimpses ( ! social life ( ?is new age4 ,fir/ ( all1 !re floats be=e our eyes ! picture ( a va/ body ( sup]annuat$ p]sons1 :o = ! mo/ "p sp5d _! "t 9 a sort ( c\ntry-club exi/5ce4 ,!y c travel1 because ! o!r c\ntries 9 ! _w are likewise nationaliz$1 & by a simple sy/em ( book-keep+ =eign cr$it = goods & p]sonal s]vices c be transf]r$ f "o c\ntry to ano!r2 & !y c take up special vocations & hobbies dur+ _! sup]annuat$ ye>s2 b x is equally pla9 t _! "w has n done v mu* to fo/] intellectual or emotional maturity1 s9ce 9 relation to ! citiz5s ! /ate exi/s z a 8,great ,:ite ,fa!r02 & !re is good reason p]haps = ! great int]e/ 9 sport :i* *>act]izes ,bellamy's utopia4 ,games are organiz$1 app>5tly1 ^u l9es ( indu/rial guild rivalry2 j z "o has sports n[adays betwe5 rival battle%ip squadrons p]haps2 = 8if bread is ! fir/ necessity ( life1 recreation is a second1 & ! nation cat]s = bo?40 ,! dem& = bread & circuses1 our guide expla9s1 is recogniz$ 9 ! ye> #bjjj z a :olly reasonable "o4 ,bo? "w & play are ext]nal to ! citiz5's inn] tr5ds & int]e/s2 & we %\ld n be surpris$ if an infantile elem5t pr$om9at$ 9 ! "* ( ?is happy republic4 ,?is ext]nalism1 ?is imp]sonality1 seems to *>act]ize ! :ole sc5e4 ,we foll[ ,julius ,we/ & 8 new love1 ,edi?1 into a mod]n %op1 :]e ev]y?+ is display$ by sample1 & an ord] = goods is s5t to a c5tral w>eh\se1 & along ) und\bt$ economies ( space & "t1 we note t !re is an almo/ complete abs5ce ( p]sonal contacts or relation%ips3 m ?an ev] ! work] has become a cog 9 ! ma*9e1 m ?an ev] he deals ) a ?91 b>r51 ab/ract _w ( pap] notations1 m ?an ev] 8 desire = social contacts is damm$ up2 & s1 m ?an ev]1 !re mu/ be occasion 9 ?is new age = /imulants & socialities beside :i* ! roll] coa/]s ( ,coney ,isl& & ! promiscuities ( a mod]n dance hall w\ld be insipid ?+s4 ,bellamy does n %[ u :at ^! comp5satory in/itutions w\ld be3 b he has inv5t$ a high-p[]$ eng9e ( repression1 & he does n fool u :5 he conceals ! safety-valve4 ,unless !re is a safety-valve 8 univ]sal army1 "u a rigor\s discipl9e = tw5ty-f\r ye>s1 is b\nd to bl[ up ! works4 ,we c guess :5 we read ! *eap illu/rat$ pap]s1 :5 we g to ! movies1 :5 we wat* ! behavior ( ! cr[ds on ,broadway1 :at ?is tw5ty-fir/ c5tury ,utopia w\ld be l--x w\ld be all t a mod]n city is1 exagg]at$4 ,9 ,! ,new ,society1 ,dr4 ,walt] ,ra!nau drew a picture ( a socializ$ mod]n society1 mov+ along its pres5t pa? )\t any *ange 9 its aims & ideals2 & t nightm>e ( 8 mu/ be add$ to ,bellamy's dream 9 ord] to def9e x4 ,x is ! same ) e o!r in/itution4 ,!re is a big communal re/aurant 9 :i* ea* family ( ! neighborhood has a private room2 ?is is ! place :]e ! pr9cipal meal is ord]$ by ! family1 & s]v$ by "y conscript wait]s4 ,am ,i at fault if ,i po9t out t ?is univ]sal ho/elry is a little too elaborate & me*anical2 t !re is m promise ( a g5u9e utopia 9 ,plato's olives & *eese & beans1 simply s]v$1 ?an 9 ! 8p]fection ( cat]+ & cook+0 :i* ! new age boa/s4 ,s "o c\ld g d[n ! l9e & enum]ate ! me*anical m>vels :i* take ! place ( a fully humaniz$ life2 m>vels l ! telephone conc]ts & s]mons :i* a/\nd+ly anticipate by ?irty-odd ye>s ! radio broadca/+ s]vice :i* is n[ a preval5t mania 9 ,am]ica4 ,are ^! ?+s1 z ,ari/otle w\ld h said1 ! mat]ial bases ( ! good life1 or are !y sub/itutes = ! good life8 ,!re may h be5 "s d\bt z to ! answ] 9 ,bellamy's "t2 b ,i ?9k !re ne$ n be any at pres5t4 ,9 s f> z ^! in/rum5ts are consonant ) humaniz$ purposes !y are good2 9 s f> z !y are irrelevant !y are s mu* rubbi%--idiotic rubbi%4 ,a free public libr>y is a good ?+2 b a free public libr>y devot$ exclusively to di/ribut+ ! novels ( ,g5e ,/ratton ,port] & ! uplift books ( ,mr4 ,orison ,swett ,m>d5 w\ld n contribute s mu* z a useful platitude t[>ds a vivid & /imulat+ society4 ,!re is no escap+ ! problem ( ends & ! problem ( ends1 if ,i may be p]mitt$ a pun1 belongs at ! beg9n+4 ,subord9ate to humaniz$ ends1 ma*9]y & organization--yes1 complicat$ ma*9]y & organization--h und\bt$ly a useful contribution to make t[>ds a good community2 unsubord9at$1 or subord9at$ only to ! eng9e]'s conceptions ( an effici5t indu/rial equipm5t & p]sonnel1 ! mo/ innoc5t ma*9e may be z humanly deva/at+ z a ,lewis gun4 ,all ?is ,bellamy ov]look$ 9 ,look+ ,backw>d1 & yet--some?+ rema9s4 ,:at rema9s 9 ,look+ ,backw>d is ! hone/ passion t inspir$ ! man2 ! play ( g5]\s impulses2 ! insi/5ce t !re is no fun = an ord9>ily imag9ative p]son 9 d9+ ) ,dives :il/ ,laz>us hangs ar\nd ! table4 ,bellamy want$ ev]yone to be equally educat$1 s t ev]yone might be 8 companion2 he want$ ev]yone to be dec5tly f$ & %elt]$2 he want$ to take 8 %>e 9 ! dirty "w & to see t accid5ts ( weal? did n keep o!r p f tak+ !irs4 ,he want$ private life to be simple & public life to be spl5did4 ,he want$ m5 & wom5 to mate ) ea* o!r )\t p]mitt+ ?is relation%ip to be compromis$ by obligations to a fa!r1 a "m1 or ! but*]1 ! bak]1 & ! groc]4 ,he want$ ! g5]\s1 ! j1 & ! t5d]-he>t$ to be z well end[$ z ! cold-he>t$1 ! gre$y1 & ! self-seek+4 ,he plead$ = an abs5ce ( artificiality & re/ra9t 9 ! relations ( ! sexes2 = su* a c&or z has p]haps come into fa%ion aga9--?ank heav56--today1 a c&or :i* p]mits wom5 physical fre$om 9 dress1 & a spiritual fre$om 9 exhibit+ _! love1 & giv+ x freely4 ,all ?is is to ! good4 ,i d n "q ,bellamy's f9e motives2 ,i "q only ! outlets he imag9$ = !m4 ,!re is a brea* betwe5 ,bellamy's conception ( ! good life & ! /ructure he erect$ to %elt] x4 ,?is brea* is due1 ,i believe1 to an ov]-emphasis ( ! "p t :olesale me*anical organization1 direct$ by a h&ful ( p1 w\ld play 9 su* a recon/ruction4 ,if ,bellamy sometimes exagg]at$ ! bad 9 mod]n society1 ) its muddle ( competitive privileges1 he likewise ov]e/imat$ ! good t x conta9$2 & he 0 m ?an fair to ! pres5t ord] ( ?+s :5 he made ! future s closely 9 its image4 ,,*apt] ,,n9e ,h[ ,william ,morris & ,w4 ,h4 ,hudson r5ew ! classic tradition ( utopias2 & h[1 f9ally1 ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells sums up & cl>ifies ! utopias ( ! pa/1 & br+s !m into contact ) ! _w ( ! pres5t4 ,,*apt] ,,n9e #a ,x w\ld be a pretty sad ?+ if ! ,utopias ( ! n9ete5? c5tury 7 all ( a piece ) ^? ( ,buck+ham & ,bellamy4 ,9 g5]al we may say t all ! utopias ( recon/ruction _h a deadly sam5ess ( purpose & a depress+ s+l5ess ( int]e/2 & al?\gh !y saw society :ole1 !y saw ! problem ( recon/ruct+ society z a simple problem ( indu/rial reorganization4 ,=tunately1 ! utopias ( escape h some?+ to contribute :i* ! utopias ( recon/ruction lack2 & if ,william ,morris1 = example1 seems too remote f ,man*e/] & ,m9neapolis to be ( any use1 he is by t tok5 a little ne>] ! ess5tial human realities3 he kn[s t ! *ief dignity ( man lies n 9 :at he consumes b 9 :at he creates1 & t ! ,man*e/] ideal is--deva/at+ly consumptive4 ,be=e ,i g into ^! utopias ( escape1 ,i wi% to po9t out ! /range way 9 :i* ! ?ree utopias we %all exam9e return z x 7 ^u _! classic models1 ea* ( ! returns be+1 x is fairly pla91 )\t ! consci\sness ( ! writ]4 ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,hudson returns ^u ,m2 & 9 ,a ,cry/al ,age ! f>m/ead & ! family is ! ultimate unit ( social life4 ,9 ,news f ,n[h]e ! city ( work]s1 su* z ,&re dream$ (1 comes aga9 into be+2 & 9 ,a ,mod]n ,utopia1 ) its ord] ( ,samurai1 we are rul$ once m by a highly discipl9$ class ( ,platonic gu>dians4 ,mr4 ,hudson is a naturali/ ) a deep sympa?y = ! rural life ( ,engl&2 ,william ,morris 0 a craftsman :o knew :at ! ,engli% t[n 0 l be=e x _h be5 blight$ by indu/rialism2 & ) bo? ( ^! m5 we feel close to ! ess5tial life ( man & ! ess5tial occupations4 #b ,z ! cl\d$ vision ( ! travell] to ! ,cry/al ,age cle>s1 he f9ds himself receiv$ 9 a great ,c\ntry ,h\se1 :i* is inhabit$ by a l>ge gr\p ( m5 & wom5 :o till ! l& & p]=m ! simple op]ations ( weav+ & /onecutt+ & ! l4 ,all ov] ! _w1 "o ga!rs1 ^! great c\ntry h\ses dot ! l&scape4 ,ea* ( !m is no week5d c5t] ( social life b a p]man5t home2 inde$ _! p]man5ce is almo/ pa/ believ+2 = 9 ea* h\se traditions are c>ri$ back ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,! great cities & ! complicat$ metropolitan cu/oms t !y produc$ h long be5 wip$ away1 z "o might wipe away mold4 ,! _w has be5 /abiliz$2 ! it* = gett+ & sp5d+ has disappe>$4 ,our travell] mu/ b9d himself to "w = a :ole ye> 9 ord] to pay = ! g>m5ts 8 h\se-mates weave = him1 g>m5ts ^: texture & cut h a classic turn4 ,?is h\sehold1 ,i say1 is ! social unit ( ! ,cry/al ,age3 ! h\se-fa!r adm9i/]s ! laws & cu/oms1 & he disp5ses ! puni%m5t ( seclusion :5 ! visitor trespasses ^u ! code ( ! h\se4 ,! h\se-mates "w toge!r1 eat toge!r1 play toge!r1 & li/5 toge!r to ! music ( a me*anical in/rum5t call$ ! musical sph]e4 ,at night !y sleep 9 sep>ate little cubicles :i* c be op5$ to ! night air4 ,! horses & dogs ( ! ,cry/al ,age h a degree ( intellig5ce :i* our common bre$s d n possess1 s t ! horses all b h>ness !mselves to ! pl[1 & ! dog tea*es ! travell] :5 to leave (f work+ ! animals4 ,ea* h\sehold has n m]ely its laws & traditions3 x has its lit]ature2 its writt5 hi/ory2 & ! v girl ) :om ! travell] falls 9 love be>s a resemblance to ! sculptur$ face ( an unhappy h\se-"m :o liv$ & suff]$ 9 ! immemorial pa/4 ,^! h\ses1 ^! families1 ^! social relations are built = endurance4 ,:at is ! secret ( _! /r5g?8 ,! secret ( our ,cry/al ,age ,utopia is ! secret ( ! beehive3 a que5 bee4 ,! ,cry/allites h done away ) ! difficulties ( mat+ by appo9t+ "o woman1 9 e h\se1 to be ! h\se-"m1 ! woman ^: capital duty is to c>ry on ! family3 ! entire burd5 ( ea* g5]ation falls ^u h] %\ld]s1 & 9 return = ! sacrifice %e is treat$ ) ! respect due to div9ity1 l ! "y man :o 0 *os5 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,montezuma1 z ! tales h x1 to repres5t ! *ief deity until at ! end ( a ye> he 0 disemb[ell$4 ,! wi% ( a h\se-"m is a comm&2 ! ^w ( ! h\se-"m is law4 ,= a ye> be=e h] retirem5t z "m %e is put into communion ) ! sacr$ books ( ! h\se1 & has at h] comm& a /ore ( k :i* ! re/ ( ! hive are n p]mitt$ to %>e4 ,x is %e :o keeps burn+ ! fires ( life4 ,= all except ! h\se-"m sex is a matt] ( purely physical appe>ance4 ,! ,cry/allites1 if we may speak irrev]5tly1 are 8cont5t ) a vegetable love--:i* w\ld c]ta9ly n suit me0 nor1 x appe>s1 did x suit our travell] to ! ,cry/al ,age1 :5 he discov]s t 8 passion c\ld nev] be reciprocat$ by 8 belov$1 ev5 if %e s f> transgress$ ! laws ( ! h\sehold z to give way to him4 ,aga9/ ! appe>ance ( passion & all ! mortal griefs t x c>ries ) x1 ! h\se-"m possesses a rem$y4 ,:5 9 ! murk ( despair our travell] turns to h] = advice & consolation1 %e gives him a phial ( liquid4 ,he dr9ks x 9 ! belief t x w make him z free f passion z 8 h\se-mates2 & he is n deceiv$2 =--he dies4 ,! social life ( ! h\sehold is n to be wreck$ by ! /orms & /resses ( ! individual's passions4 ,! eng9es ( life are no long] dang]\s3 ! fuel has be5 tak5 away6 ,a 8*ill moonlight felicity0 is all t rema9s4 #c ,!re are times :5 "o may look ^u ! :ole adv5ture ( civiliz$ life z a sort ( ,odyssey ( dome/ication2 & 9 ?is mood ! ,cry/al ,age m>ks a t]m9us ^u t p>ticul> aspect ( ! adv5ture4 ,to ! objection t ?is sort ( utopia requires t we *ange human nature1 ! answ]1 9 t]ms ( mod]n biology1 is t !re is no app>5t sci5tific reason :y c]ta9 elem5ts 9 human nature %\ld n be select$ & br\ght to ! front1 or :y c]ta9 o!rs %\ld n be r$uc$ 9 importance & elim9at$4 ,s1 = all practical purposes1 !re is no app>5t reason :y human nature %\ld n be *ang$1 or :y we %\ld n be prep>$ to believe t 9 times pa/ x has be5 *ang$--communities :i* selectively br$ = pugnacity & aggression committ+ suicide & op5+ ! way = communities :i* socially select$ o!r traits t made = survival4 ,x is possible t 9 times pa/ man has done a great deal to dome/icate himself & fit himself = h>moni\s social life2 & a utopia :i* re/s ^u ! notion t !re %\ld be a c]ta9 direction 9 our bre$+ is n altoge!r luny2 inde$1 is n[adays less s ?an ev] be=e1 = ! reason t x is possible to sep>ate romantic love f physical procreation )\t1 z ! ,a!nians did1 resort+ to homosexuality4 ,if ,a ,cry/al ,age op5s our m9ds to ^! possibilities x is n to be c\nt$ purely z a romance2 9 spite ( ! fact t z a romance x has passages t rival ,gre5 ,mansions4 ,betwe5 ! individual h\seholds & common m>riages1 ! utopia ( ! beehive is a ?ird alt]native :i* possibly rema9s to be explor$4 #d ,!re are regions 9 ! _w--,i am ?9k+ p]haps ( ! table l& ( ,s\? ,africa & ! ,mississippi ,valley--:]e if "o dream$ ab\t utopia ! app>atus to support x w\ld be a gigantic network ( /eel1 & huge communities ( p w\ld naturally fl[ toge!r & coalesce 9 complicat$ patt]ns1 some:at aft] ! fa%ion ( ^? :i* ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells describes 9 ,:5 ! ,sleep] ,awak5s4 ,x w\ld be almo/ impossible1 ,i fancy1 to dream ( a simple life & ( h&fuls ( p 9 ^? p>ts ( ! e>?3 ! simplicity w\ld be b>r5ness1 & a h&ful ( p w\ld be lo/4 ,x is diff]5t ) ! valley ( ! ,?ames1 t little /ream :i* beg9s a %ort way above ,ox=d & me&]s betwe5 banks ( lu% grass & b5d+ will[s1 d[n ?r\gh ,m>l[1 :]e mu/y ales h long be5 made1 pa/ ,w9dsor betwe5 ! ,great ,p>k & ! ,*ilt]n ,hills1 ?r\gh ,ri*mond & s d[n to ,hamm]smi? :]e "o might p]haps =d ! riv] at l[ tide if an iron bridge did n c>ry "o across1 till bel[ ! city ( ,london ! e/u>y becomes a wide tide ( wat] & exp&s pr\dly to meet ! sea4 ,nature has c>v$ ?is valley to ! human scale3 ! h\ses are n dw>f$ by ! l&scape2 & except = ! huge w>r5 ( ,london--= :i* nature is n responsible--!re is a fitness betwe5 ! actor & ! sc5e :i*1 )\t (f]+ any great ,olympian mom5ts1 gives ! nave & jolly & :ole-he>t$ effect t "o f9ds 9 a good ,engli% hunt+ pr9t or1 let u say1 9 ,pickwick ,pap]s4 ,9 su* an atmosph]e1 p>ticul>ly z "o ?9ks ( x on a day late 9 ,june1 human nature bubbles naturally into good nature1 & :atev] h>%ness rema9s1 a tank>d ( ale w dra9 away4 ,x is 9 ?is valley ( ! ,?ames t ,william ,morris awoke to f9d 8 utopia1 aft] return+ to 8 home 9 ,hamm]smi?1 ! la/ really urban bor\gh ( ,london z "o goes up/ream4 ,f t l&scape1 sweet5$ & fre%5$ & ridd5 ( cockney l&m>ks1 ,morris evokes ! _s ( ! ,riv] ,god1 z ,socrates & ,phdrus1 by ! banks ( ! ,ilyssus1 call =? ! _s ( ,pan4 ,) all ! grime & t$ium ( ! dull 'eighties ly+ ^u 8 s\l1 ,morris f9ds himself transport$ to a _w :i* has be5 cleans$ by a revolution ( a great] "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury l&m>ks4 ,9 ! mean:ile1 grass has laid a dec5t blanket ov] _m irretrievable ru9s4 ,! h\se 9 :i* he has gone to b$ is n[ a ,gue/ ,h\se2 & he is fir/ receiv$ into ?is refurbi%$ _w by a boatman :o takes him = a morn+ swim on ! ,?ames1 & kn[s ab\t ! value ( money only z a collector ( copp] curios might4 ,at breakfa/1 he f9ds himself among a gr\p ( fri5dly p1 :o call him 8,gue/02 & he is tak5 firmly & sweetly & q s]5ely 9 h& by ! comely "y wom5 :o preside ov] ! h\se4 ,^! wom51 l ev]yone else 9 ! new ,?ames valley1 are heal?y1 full-blood$1 a?letic1 sane1 & free f ! pul+ maladies :i* idl5ess or ov]work gave to ! wom5 ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,! o!r gue/s are a weav] :o has come d[n f ! nor? to take a turn at ! boatman's job :ile ! latt] goes up t[>ds ,ox=d to help ga!r 9 ! hay1 & a loquaci\s du/man 9 m>vell\s gre5s & golds4 ,9 ?is new ,engl&1 "w has become :at "o w\ld call 9 ! k9d]g>t5 8busy "w03 9 ! simplification ( ! /&>d ( liv+ & ! release f ! pressure ( artificially /imulat$ wants1 ! ma9 bus9ess ( gett+ a liv+ is easily p]=m$1 & ! *ief conc]n ( ev]yone is to d 8 "w "u ! pleasante/ conditions possible--a dem& :i* br+s back _m ( ! h&icrafts1 & places a great premium on manual skill4 ,al?\gh ! me*anical arts h be5 improv$ 9 c]ta9 directions1 = 9 8 trip up ! ,?ames our gue/ meets ) a b>ge driv5 by "s int]nal eng9e1 let u say by electricity1 a good _m devices h be5 all[$ to fall into disuse1 because1 al?\gh ! output 9 goods might be great]1 ! "w itself & ! way ( life x promotes are n s b5eficial z ! simple me?ods ( h& labor4 ,9 e direction1 simplicity & direct action & ! imm$iate supply & int]*ange ( goods out ( local produce1 has tak5 ! place ( ! mon/r\sly complicat$ sy/em ( traffic t prevail$ 9 ! e>li] imp]iali/ic _w4 ,"w is giv5 freely1 & ! proce$s ( "w ex*ang$ freely1 z a man might give ( 8 goods & s]vices n[adays :5 he welcomes a fri5d )9 8 own h\se4 ,a great "p ( ! en]gy ( ?is new community has gone into build+2 & ar*itecture1 sculpture1 & pa9t+ fl\ri% 9 ! t[nhalls & common d9+ halls ( :i* ea* village boa/s4 ,x foll[s f ?is t ! big cities h disappe>$4 ,london is aga9 a cong]ies ( villages1 m+l$ 9 great woodl&s & mead[s :]e 9 ! summ] *ildr5 roam ab\t & camp & pick up ! simple occupations ( rural life4 ,( all ! pr\d monum5ts ( ,london t ! n9ete5? c5tury left1 only ! ,h\ses ( ,p>liam5t rema91 z a /orage-place = dung4 ,!re are %ops1 :]e "o takes = ! ask+1 & !re are common halls :]e p eat & h conv]sation1 z !y d n[ 9 re/aurants--only ^! new ho/els are beautiful1 spaci\s1 & well-s]v$4 ,s9ce economic pressure is abs5t1 ! p ( ! ,?ames valley seem to live a life ( leisure2 b ?is life ( leisure is n ! aimless leisure ( ! c\ntry h\se1 ) its artificial /imulants1 its artificial ex]cises1 & ! l3 ! life ( dignifi$ leisure is a life ( "w2 9 %ort1 ! life ( ! arti/4 ,if o!r p h talk$ ( ! necessity = labor1 ! dignity ( labor1 ! h]oism ( labor1 ^! simple ,engli%m5 h discov]$ ! beauty ( leisurely "w--! simple grace t foll[s :5 ev5 ! practical arts are pursu$ z if !y 7 lib]al arts4 ,9 ?is utopia ! in/9ct ( workman%ip1 ! creative impulse1 has free play2 & s9ce ! majority ( p are nei!r s*ol>s nor sci5ti/s1 z ,sir ,?omas ,m w\ld h _h !m1 !y f9d _! fulfillm5t 9 add+ beauty to all ! necessities ( _! daily toil4 ,:]e ! "w itself leads purely to "s useful end1 z 9 ! gr[+ ( :eat or grass1 ! joy ( "w arises out ( ! comrade%ip & good-feel+ t b9d toge!r ^? :o p]=m x1 & ! comp>ative lightness ( ! tasks t f9d _m h&s eag] almo/ to ! po9t ( competition to p]=m !m4 ,"o looks at ! faces ( ^! p1 & ! effects ( _! life are visible4 ,_! wom5 are t5 or fifte5 ye>s old] ?an we %\ld judge by _! appe>ance2 & on e face is writt5 ! heal?y s]5ity t foll[s :5 p d good "w1 ) a good _s1 9 a good place4 ,!re is a c&or1 a pla9ness1 a :olesom5ess1 an abs5ce ( furtive repressions 9 _! e ge/ure2 & z f> z m5 c be satisfi$ & happy 9 a good environm5t1 ?is community is satisfi$ & happy4 ,!re are grumbl]s1 x goes )\t say+4 ,"o ( !m is a cru/y old fell[ :o has read anci5t hi/ory & :o sighs = ! cut?roat practices ( ! competitive era2 & !re is ano!r :o compla9s ( ! tam5ess ( ,utopian lit]ature1 z comp>$ ) t :i* dealt ) ! mis]ies & w>p$ passion ( an e>li] age4 ,! only wret*$ness 9 ?is utopia comes out ( ! ess5tial human trag$y--! disp>ity betwe5 "o's aims & "o's atta9m5ts1 betwe5 "o's desires & ! circum/ances t clog _! fulfillm5t4 ,h[ c unhapp9ess be altoge!r wip$ out z long z maids are fickle & sexual passion /rong8 ,! boatman1 = example1 has be5 mat$ ) a beautiful girl :o leaves him = ano!r man2 b %e tires ( h] new love1 & "u ! eyes ( ! ,gue/ h] uncle br+s ! pair toge!r1 & ! drama ( c\rt%ip & mat+ goes on all ov] aga92 = !re are no laws to b9d p toge!r :5 e fibre ( _! be+ drives !m ap>t2 & 9 a civilization t deals k9dly ev5 ) its adults !re is no difficulty ab\t giv+ ! *ildr5 all ! c>e !y ne$4 ,= ! mo/ "p1 ^? :o suff] 9 love be> _! burd5s manfully1 )\t wail+ ov] imag9>y wrongs :i* are associat$ ) ! wor%ip ( impossible *a/ities & retic5ces2 & !y turn _! balk$ impulses into ! *annels ( "w & poetry z completely z !y "k h[4 ,is ?is ! arcadian age ( innoc5ce all ov] aga98 ,are brutality & lu/ =ev] wip$ out8 ,n at all4 ,9 sudd5 passion ev5 murd]s occur1 no matt] h[ good & helpful ! social ord]2 b in/ead ( comp\nd+ murd] ) an additional murd]1 ! guilty p]son is left to 8 own remorse4 ,use & wont are m p[]ful ?an law1 & ! :ole guild t e>ns its liv+ f ! frictions & dissid5ces ( our social life has dropt into limbo4 ,by ! same tok51 ! game ( ! ins & ! outs1 :i* we call political gov]nm5t1 has disappe>$2 = ! only matt]s 9 :i* our community is int]e/$ are z to :e!r a new field is to be laid "u ! pl[ or a bridge ?r[n ov] a /ream or a t[nhall built2 & ab\t su* ?+s ! local community is compet5t to decide1 )\t l9+ up 9 a purely fictiti\s antagonism4 #e ,sanity & heal? & good-w & tol]ance--z "o sculls along ! ,?ames1 above ,ri*mond1 on a ,sunday morn+1 betwe5 boatloads ( gay picnick]s & saunt]+ p1 x is n impossible to imag9e a new social ord] develop+ on simple l9es & br++ ^! ?+s into exi/5ce4 ,) five million p 9 ,engl&1 & p]haps half a million 9 ! ,?ames valley1 ! ?+ w\ld n be impossible4 ,!n ! :ole c\ntryside w\ld be dress$ aga9 9 gre52 !n build+s w\ld arise 9 ! l&scape l fl[]s out ( ! gr\nd2 !n ! k9dl9ess & spontane\s co-op]ation ( a happy holiday w\ld be prolong$ into ! workaday week4 ,we %\ld "k h[ to sp5d our "t & ) :at to occupy our heads & h&s1 if ! great w5 ( ,london 7 remov$ f ! ,?ames valley1 & all ! *eap cockney ?+s t ,london has conjur$ into exi/5ce 7 to be bla/$ away4 ,we %\ld "k all ^! ?+s1 because ,william ,morris has told u ab\t !m2 & we %\ld d all ^! ?+s1 because 9 our he>t ( he>ts we realize t !y w\ld satisfy4 #f ,! utopia t rema9s = consid]ation is ! la/ important "o 9 po9t ( "t2 & x is1 curi\sly en\gh1 ! qu9tess5tial utopia1 = x is writt5 ) a free & critical ge/ure1 & ) a succ9ct famili>ity t[>ds ! m important books t came be=e x4 ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells1 x is true1 has made m ?an "o excursion into an imag9>y commonweal?3 ,! ,"t ,ma*9e is 8 e>lie/ & ,! ,_w ,set ,free may possibly be consid]$ z 8 late/4 ,a ,mod]n ,utopia comb9es ! vivid fantasy ( ! fir/ picture ) ! m /rict reg>d = pres5t realities t m>ks ! second2 & x is1 altoge!r1 a f9e & lucid product ( ! imag9ation4 ,! assumption ^u :i* ,mr4 ,wells ga9s entrance into 8 utopia diff]s f ^? %ipwrecks & somnambulisms 9 :i* our mod]n utopias h be5 /]eotyp$4 ,he conceives ( a mod]n man1 a little ?ickset & protub]ant1 seat$ at a desk & brood+ ov] ! possibilities ( man's future2 & gradually ?is image comes to life & def9es 8 views1 & 8 voice rises into n>rative 9 some?+ l ! fa%ion ( a lectur]1 ?r[+ f "t to "t 8 illu/rations ( a ,new ,_w ^u ! scre54 ,he ent]s utopia by hypo!sis2 t is1 )\t any o!r subt]fuge ?an an act ( ! imag9ation2 & 9 ! ?ick5+ realities ( a utopian community1 fir/ discov]$ 9 an ,alp9e pass1 he f9ds himself 9 ! company ( a s5tim5tal botani/1 :o is sick ) a love affair & is maudl9 ab\t dogs1 & :o aga9 & aga9 wrecks ?is exploration ( utopia by dragg+ into ! mid/ ( ! sc5e "s petty complication--ab\t 8 swee!>t or 8 doggie--t he has acquir$ on e>?6 ,:]e & :at is ?is mod]n utopia8 ,by hypo!sis1 x is a globe id5tical ) ! "o on :i* we live2 x has ! same oceans & cont95ts1 ! same riv]s & m9or l&-masses1 ! same animals & plants2 yes1 ev5 ! same p1 s t ea* "o ( u has 8 utopian c\nt]p>t4 ,conv5i5tly1 ?is new e>? is locat$ beyond ,sirius2 & = ! mo/ "p its hi/ory is p>allel to ours2 except t x _h a critical turn = ! bett] at a n too remote p]iod2 s t1 :ile me*anical inv5tion & sci5ce & all t sort ( ?+ is exactly on ! same level z ours1 ! scale & ord] is entirely diff]5t4 ,! scale & ord] ( ?+s is inde$ diff]5t4 ,utopia is a _w community2 x is a s+le civilization ^: net ( monorails & po/s1 ^: id5tification bureaux1 ^: rules ( law & ord] are ! same 9 ,engl& z 9 ,switz]l&2 & presumably ! same 9 ,asia & ,africa z 9 ,europe4 ,9 e s5se x is a mod]n utopia4 ,ma*9]y plays an important "p1 & ! abs5ce ( m5ial s]vice is conspicu\s f ! v fir/ contacts 9 :i* our travell]s get ! hospitality ( an inn1 & f9d t int]ior decoration has v]g$ t[>ds ! /yle ( ! mod]n lun*room & subway /ation1 s t ! :ole room c be r$d$1 aft] use1 by ! gue/ himself4 ,!re is no h>k+ back to ! pa/ 9 indu/ry1 9 ar*itecture1 or 9 ! mode ( liv+4 ,all t ma*9]y has to (f] has be5 accept$ & humaniz$3 !re is a cleanl9ess1 an abs5ce ( squalor & confusion1 9 ?is _w-community1 :i* indicates t utopia has n be5 pur*as$ by evasion4 ,! price ( ?is ord] & spaci\sness is n z heavy z t :i* ,bellamy 0 will+ to pay 9 ,look+ ,backw>d4 ,! l& & its natural res\rces are own$ by ! community & are 9 ! cu/ody ( regional au?orities2 & ! means ( communication & travel are 9 ! h&s ( "o common adm9i/rative body4 ,!re are great socializ$ ent]prises su* z ! railways1 ) planet>y ramifications2 !re are regional indu/ries1 & !re are a good _m m9or affairs :i* are /ill und]tak5 by private individuals & companies4 ,f>ms are work$ by a co-op]ative association ( t5ant f>m]s1 ^u l9es sugge/$ by ,dr4 ,h]tzka 9 ,freel&4 ,p]haps ! mo/ rem>kable feature ( utopian organization is ! regi/ration ( e individual1 ) 8 "n1 num]al1 f+]-pr9t1 *anges ( resid5ce & *anges 9 life2 all ( :i* is fil$ 9 a huge c5tral fil+ (fice1 to become "p ( a p]man5t file ^u ! individual's dea?4 ,utopian regi/ration gets our travell]s into hot wat]1 = !y are naturally mi/ak5 = _! utopian d\bles2 b outside ( its use 9 ! /ory ?is little device seems /rangely beside ! po9t1 & x arose1 ,i believe1 out ( ,mr4 ,wells' temp]am5tal reg>d = tid9ess--tid9ess on a planet>y scale--! tagg+ & labell+ ( a well-conduct$ %op4444 ,! p ( our ,mod]n ,utopia are r\ghly divid$ into f\r classes3 ! k9etic1 ! poietic1 ! base1 & ! dull4 ,! k9etic are ! active & organiz+ elem5ts 9 ! community3 z active k9etics !y are ! manag]s1 ! ent]pris]s1 ! great adm9i/rators1 z passive k9etics !y are ! m9or (ficials1 ! innkeep]s1 ! %opt5d]s1 f>m]s1 & ! l4 ,! poietic are ! creative elem5ts 9 ! community2 ! 8intellectuals0 we %\ld p]haps call !m4 ,?is foll[s 9 g5]al ! l9es laid d[n by ,comte--*iefs1 p1 intellectuals1 & emotionals1 & p]haps some?+ ( ! same classification 0 outl9$ by ,m 9 8 ,phil>*s1 p1 prie/s1 & s*ol>s4 ,?is division ( classes is a v anci5t "o4 ,9 t old ,indian script1 ! ,bhagavad ,gita1 we f9d t ! population is divid$ into ,brahmans1 ,k%atriyas1 ,vaisryas1 & ,sudras1 & t _! duties are 8det]m9$ by ! modes t prevail 9 _! sep>ate natures40 ,! residual classes ( ! base & ! dull correspond to ! ,sudras2 !y are1 ( c\rse1 ! slag ( ! community2 & ! active elem5ts 9 ?is class1 ! crim9als1 ! habitual drunk>ds1 & ! l are export$ to v>i\s isl&s 9 ! ,atlantic :]e !y h organiz$ a community ( _! own 9 :i* !y may practice fraud1 *icane1 & viol5ce to _! he>ts' cont5t4 ,l ,plato1 ,mr4 ,wells is conc]n$ to provide = ! education1 discipl9e1 & ma9t5ance ( p :o w be suffici5tly dis9t]e/$ & intellig5t to keep ?is va/ organization a go+ conc]n--no ord9>y politician or capta9 ( indu/ry w d4 ,h5ce !re arises a class ( ,samurai4 ,^! ,samurai are select$ by rigor\s m5tal & physical te/s out ( y\? :o are pa/ tw5ty-five1 up to :i* "t !y may be fooli% & unsettl$ & may s[ _! wild oats4 ,^! ,samurai h a high intellectual /&>d ( a*ievem5t4 ,!y live a simple life4 ,!y are "u /rict moral discipl9e1 & foll[ a m9ute regim5tation ( dress & m9or details ( conduct4 ,!y _c m>ry out ( _! class4 ,once a ye> !y are s5t out into ! =e/s1 ! m\nta9s1 or ! wa/e places to %ift = !mselves2 !y g 8bookless & weaponless1 )\t p5 or pap]1 or money02 & !y come back aga9 ) a new h>dness & f95ess & =tification ( _s4 ,x is su* an organization z might h be5 evolv$ at ! "t ( ! ,re=mation _h ! ,ord] ( ,jesuits be5 able to effect a dictator%ip ( ,*ri/5dom4 ,i say ?is )\t disp>agem5t ( ei!r ! ,jesuits or ! ,samurai1 9 ord] to po9t out t ^! gu>dians ( ,a ,mod]n ,utopia are plausible hi/oric *>act]s4 ,all ! important economic & political ent]prises ( ! /ate1 & important vocations l t ( ! physician1 are 9 ! h&s ( ,samurai4 ,!y are z necess>y to ! social organization ( ,a ,mod]n ,utopia z ! rese>* laboratories1 :i* are provid$ by *>t] ) ea* factory1 are necess>y to its indu/rial organization4 #g ,! glimpses t "o gets ( ?is utopia are full ( color & light & movem5t2 !re are f9ely conta9$ cities1 surr\nd$ by wide suburban t]ritories1 cities t are n built ( pap] & alaba/]4 ,lov]s pass arm 9 arm ?r\gh ! /reets 9 ! twilight2 & !re is a s(t dignity 9 ! wom51 ) _! gay1 sexually unemphatic dresses1 t *>ms4 ,!re are electric tra9s weav+ sil5tly on rails ov] ! l&scape ( ,europe1 cross+ "u ! ,engli% ,*annel by tube1 & em]g+ 9 ,london ) none ( ! bu/le1 ! gr9d+1 or ! dirt ( a mod]n railway ride4 ,!re are well-cultivat$ fields & adequate inns4 ,!re are no ob/rep]\s patriotisms1 z "o suspects 9 ,look+ ,backw>d2 !re is none ( ! %irk+ "o might fe> 9 ,news f ,n[h]e4 7,:ile our travell]s are wait+ to be id5tifi$ !y /ay = a :ile 9 a resid5tial quadrangle at ,luc]ne1 & are giv5 employm5t 9 a toy work%op47 ,!re is less dogmatism ab\t cre$s ?an 9 ,*ri/ianopolis1 & an entire abs5ce ( m5ialism :i* contra/s ) ,m's ,utopia4 ,?is mod]n utopia br+s toge!r1 comp>es1 & criticizes important po9ts t all ! o!r utopias h rais$2 & x does all ?is ) a deftness & a turn ( humor t speaks = ,mr4 ,wells at 8 be/4 ,above all1 ,a ,mod]n ,utopia /rikes a new note1 ! note ( reality1 ! note ( ! daily _w f :i* we endeavor 9 va9 to escape4 ,m or less1 all ! o!r utopias assume t a *ange has come ov] ! population2 t x has be5 dim9i%$2 t ! bl9d1 ! lame1 & ! deaf h be5 cur$2 t ! mean s5sual man has be5 conv]t$ & is ready to flap 8 w+s & s+ ,hallelujah6 ,!re is a m9imum ( ^! assumptions 9 ,a ,mod]n ,utopia4 ,x is above all o!r ?+s an acc\nt+ & a criticism2 & s x =ms a fitt+ prelude to ! rema9d] ( ?is book4 ,,*apt] ,,t5 ,h[ ! ,c\ntry ,h\se & ,coket[n became ! utopias ( ! ,mod]n ,age2 & h[ !y made ! _w ov] 9 _! image4 ,,*apt] ,,t5 #a ,n[ t we h ransack$ ! lit]ature ( ideal commonweal?s = examples ( ! utopian vision & ! utopian me?od1 !re rema9s ano!r class ( utopias :i* has /ill to be reckon$ )1 9 ord] to make our tally complete4 ,all ! utopias t we h dealt ) s f> h be5 filt]$ ?r\gh an individual m9d1 & :]eas1 l any o!r piece ( lit]ature1 !y grew out ( a c]ta9 age & tradition ( ?\ght1 x is dang]\s to ov]rate _! importance ei!r z mirrors ( ! exi/+ ord] or z projectors ( a new ord]4 ,:ile aga9 & aga9 ! dream ( a utopian 9 "o age has become ! reality ( ! next1 z ,o',%aughnessy s+s 9 8 fam\s v]ses1 ! exact connection betwe5 ! two c only be guess$ at1 & r>ely1 ,i suppose1 c x be trac$4 ,x w\ld be a little fooli% to attempt to prove t ! inv5tor ( ! mod]n incubator 0 a /ud5t ( ,sir ,?omas ,m4 ,up to ! pres5t ! idola :i* h ex]cis$ ! mo/ consid]able influ5ce ^u ! actual life ( ! community are su* z h be5 p>tly express$ 9 a hundr$ works & nev] p]haps fully express$ 9 "o4 ,9 ord] to di/+ui% ^! idola f ^? t h occupi$ u till n[1 we %\ld p]haps call !m collective utopias or social my?s4 ,!re is a consid]able lit]ature t relates to ^! my?s 9 ,fr5*1 "o ( ! be/ kn[n works be+ ,m4 ,george ,sorel's ,reflections on ,viol5ce2 & 9 practice x is sometimes r h>d to tell :]e ! ,utopia leaves (f & ! social my? beg9s4 ,! hi/ory ( mank9d's social my?s has /ill 9 ! ma9 to be writt54 ,!re is a p>tial attempt at ?is ov] a limit$ p]iod 9 ,mr4 ,h5ry ,osborn ,taylor's ,! ,m$ival ,m9d2 b ?is is only a beg9n+1 & o!r ages are almo/ unt\*$4 ,! type ( my? t conc]ns u "h is n ! pure action my? :i* ,m4 ,sorel has analyz$2 we are r int]e/$ 9 ^? my?s :i* are1 z x 71 ! ideal cont5t ( ! exi/+ ord] ( ?+s1 my?s :i*1 by be+ consci\sly =mulat$ & work$ out 9 ?\ght1 t5d to p]petuate & p]fect t ord]4 ,?is type ( social my? approa*es v closely to ! classic utopia1 & we c\ld divide x1 simil>ly1 into my?s ( escape & my?s ( recon/ruction4 ,?us ! my? ( political fre$om1 = example1 z =mulat$ by ! writ]s ( ! ,am]ican revolution1 frequ5tly s]ves z an excell5t refuge = di/urb$ consci5ces :5 ! ,dep>tm5t ( ,ju/ice or ! ,immigration ,bureau has be5 a little too assidu\s 9 its h>assm5t ( political agitators4 ,un=tunately1 x has become a habit to look ^u our idola z p>ticul>ly f9e & exalt$1 & z repres5t+ ! bett] side ( human nature4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! my?s :i* are creat$ 9 a community "u religi\s1 political1 or economic influ5ces _c be *>act]iz$ z ei!r good or bad3 _! nature is def9$ by _! capacity to help m5 to react creatively ^u _! environm5t & to develop a humane life4 ,we h /ill to recognize t a belief 9 ^! idola is n by itself a cr$itable attitude4 ,ev5 q base & /upid p are frequ5tly gov]n$ by ideals2 inde$1 x is ! ideals t are 9 _m cases responsible = _! bas5ess & /upidity4 ,nei!r is ! habit ( respond+ to idola any evid5ce ( rational ?\ght4 ,p respond to 8ideas0--t is1 to ^w-patt]ns--z !y respond to ! /imulus ( light or heat1 because !y are human be+s & n because !y are philosoph]s1 & !y respond to projections1 to idola1 = ! same reason1 & n because !y are sa9ts4 ,our my?s may be ! outcome ( rational ?\ght & practice or n2 b ! response to ^! my?s is n p]haps m ?an t5 times 9 a hundr$ ! result ( foll[+ ! processes ( reason f beg9n+ to end4 ,we mu/ ?9k ( our idola z a sort ( diffus$ environm5t or atmosph]e1 :i* diff]s 9 8*emical cont5t0 & 9 ext5sion ) ea* individual4 ,"s ( ^! idola h s uni=mly tak5 possession ( m5's m9ds 9 a p>ticul> age t !y are z mu* a "p ( ! environm5t a baby is born into z ! furniture ( 8 h\se4 ,! sociologi/s :o foll[ mile ,durkheim h call$ a c]ta9 "p ( ^! idola collective repres5tations b !y are wrong1 ,i believe1 :5 !y limit ^! 8repres5tations0 to savage or ignorant gr\ps = !y are an important "p ( e civiliz$ p]son's luggage4 ,p>allel ) ,! ,/ory ( ,mank9d & ) ,! ,/ory ( ,utopias1 :i* ,i h j told1 x w\ld be amus+ to write ,! ,/ory ( ,mank9d's ,my?s4 ,?is "w1 h[ev]1 w\ld require ! s*ol>%ip & indu/ry ( ano!r ,leibniz1 & all t ,i wi% to d "h is to put toge!r ! *ief social my?s t h play$ a "p 9 ,we/]n ,europe & ,am]ica dur+ ! mod]n p]iod1 to contra/ ^! idola ) ! utopias ( ! pa/ & ! p>tial rem$ies = ! pres5t1 & to sugge/ ! be>+ ( all ?is ^u any new dep>tures we may be ready to make4 ,9 select+ ^! idola--,! ,c\ntry ,h\se1 ,coket[n1 ! ,megalopolis--,i h be5 =c$ to gauge _! /r5g? & te/ _! quality v l>gely by _! actual results 9 ! workaday _w1 & x is a little h>d to purify !m f ! v>i\s in/itutions1 old & new1 9 :i* !y are mixt4 ,yet ) all ?is ta9t ( actuality1 ^! idola are sc>cely z cr$ible z ! ,republic & x w help matt]s a little to realize t we are /ill )9 ! prov9ce ( utopia1 & may ex]cise all ! utopian privileges4 #b ,to und]/& ! utopia ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se we mu/ jump back a few c5turies 9 hi/ory4 ,anyone :o has rang$ ?r\gh ! ,european ca/les t 7 built be=e ! f\rte5? c5tury w realize t !y 7 no m built = com=t ?an is a mod]n battle%ip4 ,!y 7 ess5tially g>risons ( arm$ m5 ^: ma9 occupation 0 !ft1 viol5ce1 & murd]2 & e feature ( _! environm5t reflect$ ! necessities ( _! life4 ,^! ca/les w\ld be f\nd beetl+ a cliff or a /eep hill2 _! walls & _! buttresses w\ld be made ( huge1 r\gh hewn /ones2 _! liv+ arrangem5ts w\ld resemble ^? ( a b>racks ) an almo/ complete lack ( :at we n[ reg>d z ! normal dec5cies & privacies1 except possibly = ! "l & 8 lady2 & ! life ( ^! feudal b&s 0 necess>ily a crude & limit$ "o4 ,up to ! f\rte5? c5tury 9 ,we/]n ,europe ! little =tifi$ t[n1 or ! un=tifi$ t[n t lay b5ea? ! protection ( a g>rison on a hill1 0 ! only o!r social unit t compet$ ) ! ev5 m limit$ horizons ( ! peasant's village1 or ) ! spaci\s claims = ! ,"h & ! ,h]eaft] :i* 7 put =w>d by ! ,roman ,*ur*4 ,to dream ( huge metropolises & f>flung armies & food br\ght f ! ends ( ! e>? w\ld h be5 wild] 9 ^? days ?an any?+ ,m pictur$ 9 8 ,utopia4 ,dur+ ! fifte5? c5tury 9 ,engl&1 & 9 o!r p>ts ( ,europe ! same ?+ seems to h happ5$ soon] or lat]1 ?is life ( agriculture & w>f>e & petty trade 0 upset3 ! feudal p[] ( ! reign+ nobles 0 conc5trat$ 9 ! h&s ( a supreme "l1 ! ,k+2 & ! ,k+ & 8 ar*ives & 8 c\rt settl$ 9 ! ,national ,capital1 in/ead ( mov+ ab\t f place to place 9 ! tr\bl$ realm4 ,! t]ritories ( ! feudal lords ceas$ to be disp]s$2 _! possessions 7 conf9$ m & m )9 :at 7 call$ national b\nd>ies2 & in/ead ( rema9+ 9 _! ca/les ! great lords gave up _! crude1 b>b>ic ways1 & w5t up to ! capital to be civiliz$4 ,9 ! c\rse ( "t money took ! place ( direct tribute2 in/ead ( receiv+ :eat & eggs & labor1 ! "l came into possession ( a r5t :i* c\ld be figur$ 9 p5ce & p\nds2 a r5t :i* c\ld be transf]r$ to ! new trad+ cities = ! goods :i* ! re/ ( ! _w _h = sale4 ,!re is a fasc9at+ picture ( ?is *ange 9 ,w4 ,j4 ,a%ley's ,economic ,hi/ory2 & ! old life itself is outl9$1 ) a weal? ( significant detail1 9 ,j4 ,s4 ,flet*]'s ,memorials ( a ,york%ire ,p>i%4 ,at ! same "t t ?is *ange 0 tak+ place 9 ! physical life ( ,we/]n ,europe1 a correspond+ *ange 0 tak+ place 9 ! doma9 ( culture4 ,digg+ ab\t ! ru9s ( ,rome & o!r cities1 ! m5 ( ! late ,middle ,age discov]$ ! rema9s ( a great & opul5t civilization2 & explor+ ! manuscripts & pr9t$ books :i* 7 gett+ into g5]al circulation1 !y f\nd !mselves face to face ) /range conceptions ( life1 ) habits ( ref9em5t1 ease1 & s5su\s luxury :i* ! h>d life ( ! camp & ! ca/le _h nev] really p]mitt$4 ,!re foll[$ a reaction aga9/ _! old life :i* 0 little less ?an a revulsion2 & 9 t reaction two great in/itutions fell out ( fa%ion4 ,m5 ceas$ to build ca/les to protect !mselves aga9/ physical dang]s2 & !y left (f ent]+ mona/]ies 9 ord] to =tify _! s\ls = ! ,h]eaft]4 ,bo? ! spiritual & ! temporal life began to %ift to a new in/itution1 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se4 ,! idolum ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se drew toge!r & coalesc$2 & z a famili> symbol ( ?is *ange ! colleges at ,ox=d :i* date f ! ,r5asc5ce c sc>cely be di/+ui%$ 9 ar*itectural detail f ! palaces :i* ! ari/ocracy 7 build+ 9 ! same p]iod2 :ile our banks & our political edifices to ?is day be> almo/ univ]sally ! /amp ( t ,roman & ,grecian litt] :i* m5 discov]$ on ! outskirts ( ! m$ival city4 #c ,we d n "k ! ,c\ntry ,h\se until we realize1 to beg9 )1 :at its physical *>act]i/ics are l4 ,!re are a great _m descriptions :i* ! read] may consult if he does n happ5 to live 9 ! neighborhood ( a great ,c\ntry ,h\se3 b p]haps in/ead ( exam9+ ! contempor>y ,c\ntry ,h\se x w be well to g back to its beg9n+s1 & see h[ x 0 pictur$ 9 all its encru/$ spl5dor at ! fir/ movem5t ( ! ,r5asc5ce--9 ! sett+ :i* ,franois ,rabelais1 9 "o ( ! few d[nright s]i\s passages 9 8 great "w1 ,g>gantua1 s\ght to provide = ! good life4 ,g>gantua purposes to build a new ,abbey :i* he calls ! ,abbey ( ,!leme4 ,?is ,abbey is to be 9 e respect :at ! m$ival ,abbey 0 n4 ,h5ce to beg9 )1 ! ,abbey1 unlike ! ca/le1 is to lie 9 ! mid/ ( ! op5 c\ntry2 & unlike ! mona/]y1 x is to h no walls4 ,e memb] is to be furni%$ ) a g5]\s ap>tm5t1 consi/+ ( a pr9cipal room1 a )draw+ room1 a h&some closet1 a w>drobe1 & an oratory2 & ! h\se itself is to conta9 n m]ely libr>ies 9 e language1 b fair & spaci\s gall]ies ( pa9t+s4 ,besides ^! lodg+s !re is to be a tilt-y>d1 a rid+ c\rt1 a !atre1 or public playh\se1 & a natatory or place to swim4 ,by ! riv]1 = ! ,abbey is to be situat$ on ! ,loire1 !re is to be a ,g>d5 ( ,pleasure1 & betwe5 two ( ! six t[]s ( ! hexagon1 9 :i* =m ! build+ is arrang$1 !re are c\rts = t5nis & o!r games4 ,add to ?is or*>ds full ( fruit trees1 p>ks ab\nd+ ) v5ison1 & an ar*]y range1 fill all ! halls & *amb]s ) ri* tape/ries1 cov] all ! pavem5ts & floors ) gre5 clo?--& ! furni%+ ( ! ,abbey ( ,!leme is complete4 ,! co/umes ( ! inmates are equally spl5did & elaborate4 ,9 ord] to h ! acc\trem5ts ( ! ladies' & g5tlem5's toilets m conv5i5t1 !re 0 to be 8ab\t ! wood ( ,!leme a r[ ( h\ses to ! ext5t ( half a league1 v neat & cleanly1 :]e9 dwelt ! goldsmi?s1 lapid>ies1 jewell]s1 embroid]]s1 tailors1 gold draw]s1 velvet weav]s1 tape/ry mak]s1 & uphol/]]s44440 ,!y 7 to be 8furni%$ ) matt] & /uff f ! h&s ( ,"l ,nausiclete1 :o e ye> br\ght !m sev5 %ips f ! ,p]las & ,cannibal ,isl&s1 lad5 ) +ots ( gold1 ) raw silk1 ) pe>ls & preci\s /ones40 ,! wom5 :o are admitt$ to ,!leme mu/ be fair1 well-featur$1 & ( sweet disposition2 ! m5 mu/ be comely & well-condition$4 ,ev]yone is to be admitt$ freely & all[$ to dep>t freely2 & in/ead ( attempt+ to practice pov]ty1 *a/ity1 & ob$i5ce1 ! inmates may be honorably m>ri$1 may be ri*1 & may live at lib]ty4 ,! lib]ty ( ,!leme is inde$ complete2 x is su* a lib]ty z "o enjoys at a ,c\ntry ,h\se to ?is day1 "u ! c>e ( a tactful ho/ess2 = ev]yone does no?+ except foll[ 8 own free w & pleasure1 ris+ out ( 8 b$ :5ev] he ?9ks good1 & eat+1 dr9k+1 & labor+ :5 he has a m9d to x4 ,9 all _! rule & /ricte/ tie ( _! ord]1 z ,rabelais puts x1 !re is b "o clause to be obs]v$-- 8,d :at y please40 #d ,:5 we turn our att5tion f ,rabelais' conceit ( an anti-mona/ic ord]1 we discov] t he has giv5 u an excell5t picture ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se1 & ( :at ,i %all take ! lib]ty ( call+ ,c\ntry ,h\se culture4 ,we see pretty mu* ! same outl9es 9 ! introduction to ,boccaccio's ,decam]on2 x is elaborately describ$ 9 t]ms ( t mo/ complete ( ,c\ntry ,h\ses1 ,hampton ,c\rt1 9 ,pope's ,rape ( ! ,lock2 x is vividly pictur$ by ,m]$i? 9 8 portrait ( ,! ,egoi/2 & x is analyz$ 9 ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells' cruel description ( ,bladesov] 9 ,tono-,bungay1 z well z by ,mr4 ,b]n>d ,%aw 9 ,he>tbreak ,h\se4 ,:e!r ,mr4 ,w4 ,h4 ,mallock holds ! patt]n ( ,c\ntry ,h\se culture up to u 9 ,! ,new ,republic or ,anton ,*ekhov p5etrates its aimlessness & futility 9 ,! ,*]ry ,or*>d1 ,! ,c\ntry ,h\se is "o ( ! recurr5t !mes ( lit]ature4 ,?is r5asc5ce idolum ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se1 !n1 is p[]ful & complete3 ,i "k no o!r patt]n :i* has impos$ its /&>ds & its practices ) su* complete success ^u ! great] "p ( ,european civilization4 ,:ile ! ,c\ntry ,h\se 0 9 ! beg9n+ an ari/ocratic in/itution1 x has p5etrat$ n[ to e /ratum ( society2 & al?\gh we may n imm$iately see ! connection1 x is responsible1 ,i believe1 = ! p>ticul> g & direction :i* ! indu/rial revolution has tak54 ,! ,c\ntry ,h\se /&>ds ( consumption are responsible = our ,acquisitive ,society4 #e ,p]haps ! %orte/ way to sugge/ ! "* ( ,c\ntry ,h\se in/itutions is to say t !y are ! precise opposite ( ev]y?+ t ,plato look$ ^u z desirable 9 a good community4 ,! ,c\ntry ,h\se is conc]n$ n ) ! happ9ess ( ! :ole community b ) ! felicity ( ! gov]nors4 ,! conditions :i* und]ly ?is limit$ & p>tial good life are political p[] & economic weal?2 & 9 ord] = ! life to fl\ri%1 bo? ( ^! mu/ be obta9$ 9 almo/ limitless quantities4 ,! *ief pr9ciples t *>act]ize ?is society are possession & passive enjoym5t4 ,n[1 9 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se possession is bas$ ^u privilege & n ^u "w4 ,! title to l& :i* 0 hi/orically obta9$ = ! mo/ "p ?r\gh =ce & fraud is ! economic f\ndation ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se exi/5ce4 ,9 ord] to keep ! artisans & labor]s :o surr\nd ! ,c\ntry ,h\se at _! "w1 x is necess>y to keep !m f hav+ access to ! l& on _! own acc\nt1 provision always be+ made t ! usufruct ( ! l& %all g to ! own] & n to ! work]4 ,?is emphasis ^u passive own]%ip po9ts to ! fact t 9 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se !re is no active communion betwe5 ! p & _! environm5t4 ,su* activities z rema9 9 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se--! pursuit ( game1 = in/ance--re/ ^u imitat+ 9 play activities :i* once _h a vital use or prep>$ = "s vital function1 z a *ild's play+ ) a doll is a prep>ation = mo!rhood4 ,! ,c\ntry ,h\se ideal is t ( a completely functionless exi/5ce2 or at be/1 an exi/5ce 9 :i* all ! functions t prop]ly belong to a civiliz$ man %all be c>ri$ on by function>ies4 ,s9ce ?is ideal _c be realiz$ 9 ! actual _w1 = ! reason t x is completely at odds ) man's biological inh]itance1 x is necess>y 9 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se utopia to fill 9 by play & sport an o!rwise desirable vacuity4 ,9 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se lit]ature & ! f9e arts und\bt$ly fl\ri%3 b !y fl\ri% z ! objects ( appreciation r ?an z ! active1 creative elem5ts 9 ! community's life2 !y fl\ri% p>ticul>ly 9 ! fa%ion t ,plato look$ ^u z a corrupt+ influ5ce 9 ! community4 ,9 ! arts1 a g\rm&iz+ habit ( m9d--! habit ( receiv+ ?+s & be+ play$ ^u by !m--prevails2 s t in/ead ( ! ability to %>e creative ec/asy1 ! *ief canon ( judgm5t is 8ta/e10 a c]ta9 capacity to discrim9ate among s5sory /imuli1 a capacity :i* is ess5tially j z hospitable to a decompos+ *eese z to ! v /aff ( life4 ,! effect ( ?is g\rm&ism 9 ! arts c be detect$ 9 e elem5t ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se f cell> to ro(2 = ! result has be5 to emphasize ! collection ( good ?+s r ?an _! creation1 & !re is an aspect 9 :i* ! ,c\ntry ,h\se is little bett] ?an a robb]'s ho>d or a hunt]'s ca*e--a m9iature anticipation ( ! mod]n museums ( natural hi/ory & art4 ,obs]ve ! ar*itecture ( our ,c\ntry ,h\se4 ,if x has be5 built 9 ,engl& dur+ ! la/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 ! /yle is probably t ba/>d ,greek or ,roman :i* we call ,r5asc5ce ar*itecture2 if ! ,c\ntry ,h\se 0 built 9 ,am]ica dur+ ! la/ ?irty ye>s1 x is z likely z n a ,tudor resid5ce ) traces ( ca/le =tification left "h & !re on ! faade4 ,on ! walls !re w be pl5ty ( pa9t+s2 inde$ a :ole gall]y may be devot$ to !m4 ,9 all probability1 h[ev]1 ! pa9t+s h be5 creat$ 9 o!r times by m5 long s9ce dead1 & 9 o!r c\ntries3 !re may be a portrait by ,rembr&t1 a ,p]sian m9iature1 a pr9t by ,hokusai4 ,"s v f9e elem5t 9 ! /ructure1 a fireplace or a bit ( panell+1 may h be5 remov$ piece by piece f ! orig9al ,c\ntry ,h\se 9 ,engl&1 ,italy1 or ,france2 ev5 z _m features ( ! orig9al ,c\ntry ,h\se 7 qu>ri$1 p]haps1 f "s m$ival abbey4 ,! v *9a t we use ^u our tables n[adays is a ,c\ntry ,h\se importation :i* took ! place ( pewt] & e>!nw>e2 & wall pap] is ano!r importation4 ,f feature to feature ev]y?+ is d]ivative2 ev]y?+1 9 ! la/ analysis1 has ei!r be5 /ol5 or pur*as$ f ! orig9al mak]s2 & :at has n be5 /ol5 or pur*as$ has be5 basely copi$4 ,! insatiability ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se to possess art is only equall$ by its inability to create x4 ,9 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se1 ! arts are n m>ri$ to ! community1 b are kept = its pleasure4 ,let !re be no confusion z to ei!r ! facts or ! ideal we are exam9+4 ,!re is a va/ diff]5ce betwe5 t f9e m+l+ ( traditions :i* is ! v brea? ( ! arts1 z ! lov] ( classic ,greek /atu>y kn[s1 & ! rapaci\s imp]iali/ic habit ( loot+ ! physical objects ( art :i* has be5 ! ess5ce ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se me?od 9 mod]n times1 ev5 z x seems to h be5 a c\ple ( ?\s& ye>s ago 9 ! ,roman villa4 ,a g5u9e culture w borr[ /eadily f o!r cultures2 b x w g to !m z ! bee goes to ! fl[] = poll51 & n z ! beekeep] goes to ! hive = honey4 ,!re is a creative borr[+ & a possessive borr[+2 & ! ,c\ntry ,h\se has 9 ! ma9 limit$ itself to possessive borr[+4 ,! ,c\ntry ,h\se ideal1 9 fact1 is limitless possession3 s ! great ,c\ntry ,h\se ma/]s h five or six h\ses1 p]haps1 9 _! "n1 al?\gh !y ne$ b a s+le "o to cov] _! heads4 ,n[ ! ,c\ntry ,h\se idolum involves a dissociation betwe5 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se & ! community 9 :i* x is plac$4 ,if y w take ! tr\ble to exam9e m$ival conditions1 y w f9d t diff]5ces ( rank & weal? did n make a v great diff]5ce betwe5 ! life ( ! "l 9 8 ca/le1 & 8 reta9]s3 if ! common man c\ld n claim to be z good z 8 "l1 x is pla9 t ! "l %>$ mo/ ( ! common man's disabilities1 & 01 = all ! exagg]ations ( *ivalry1 j z ignorant1 j z illit]ate1 j z co>se4 ,9 ! cities1 too1 ! l[e/ workman 9 ! guild %>$ ! in/itutions ( 8 ma/]s3 ! *ur*es1 ! guild pageants1 & ! morality plays 7 all "p & p>cel ( ! same culture4 ,! ,c\ntry ,h\se *ang$ ?is condition4 ,culture came to mean n a p>ticipation 9 ! creative activities ( "o's own community1 b ! acquisition ( ! products ( o!r communities2 & x sc>cely matt]s mu* :e!r ^! acquisitions 7 )9 ! spiritual or ! mat]ial doma94 ,!re _h ( c\rse be5 ! beg9n+s ( su* a split 9 m$ival lit]ature1 ) its vulg> ,rabelaisian tales & its ref9$ romances ( ! c\rt2 b ) ! integration ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se idolum1 ?is divorcem5t 0 acc5tuat$ 9 e o!r activity ( ! community4 ,"o ( ! results ( ?is split 0 t popul> in/itutions 7 depriv$ ( _! contacts ) ! g5]al _w ( culture1 & langui%$ away2 or !y 7 trans=m$1 z ! public s*ools ( ,engl& 7 trans=m$ into re/rict$ upp] class in/itutions4 ,f> m important ?an ?is1 p]haps1 0 ! fact t ea* sep>ate ,c\ntry ,h\se 0 =c$ to obta9 = its limit$ circle all ! elem5ts t 7 necess>y to ! good life 9 a :ole community su* z ,plato describ$4 ,we %all deal ) ! effects ( ?is pres5tly4 #f ,let u admit :at is valid 9 ! utopia ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se4 ,enjoym5t is a necess>y elem5t 9 a*ievem5t1 & by its reg>d = ! dec5t graces ( life1 = su* ?+s z an ease 9 mann]s & a f9e fl[ ( conv]sation & ! cla% ( wits & a s5sitiv5ess to beautiful ?+s1 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se 0 by all odds a humaniz+ influ5ce4 ,9 s f> z ! ,c\ntry ,h\se fo/]$ a belief 9 contemplation & a desire = ! arts ap>t f any uses t might be made ( !m by way ( civic adv]tisem5t2 9 s f> z x urg$ t all our pragmatic activities mu/ be realiz$ 9 ?+s t are wor? hav+ or do+ = !mselves1 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se 0 "r1 em95tly "r4 ,x 0 no snobb]y on ! "p ( ,russian soviet (ficialism :5 x op5$ up "s ( its ,c\ntry ,h\ses z re/ h\ses = ! peasants & work]s1 & !n insi/$ t "s ( ! airs ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se %\ld be acquir$ !re1 to replace ! r\gh usages ( ! /able1 ! dungpile1 & ! field4 ,rusk9 & ,samuel ,butl] 7 possibly "r :5 !y insi/$ t ! p]fect g5tleman 0 a f9] product ?an ! p]fect peasant or artisan3 he is a f9] product because he is ess5tially m alive4 ,ev5 by its emphasis ^u appreciation ! ,c\ntry ,h\se did no mean s]vice2 = x call$ att5tion to ! fact t !re 7 m p]man5t /&>ds--/&>ds :i* 7 common to ! arts ( ,greece & ,*9a--?an ^? :i* 7 look$ ^u z suffici5t 9 ! local region4 ,9 sum1 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se emphasiz$ a human be/1 :i* 0 ! sum ( a doz5 p>tial p]fections2 & s all t 0 crude & inadequate 9 ! old regional cultures 0 br\ght to light & criticiz$4 ,all ^! virtues ,i admit2 & !y hold j z good today z !y ev] did4 ,! fatal weakness ( ,c\ntry ,h\se culture comes out all ! pla9] = ?is admission4 ,! ,c\ntry ,h\se did n see t enjoym5t re/$ ^u a*ievem5t1 & 0 inde$ insep>able f a*ievem5t4 ,! ,c\ntry ,h\se /rove to put a*ievem5t 9 "o comp>tm5t & enjoym5t 9 ano!r2 ) ! result t ! craftsman :o no long] _h ! capacity to enjoy ! f9e arts no long] _h ! ability to create !m4 ,! effect ( an isolat$ r\t9e ( enjoym5t is equally debilitat+2 = enjoym5t1 to ! ma/]s ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se came too easily1 ) a m]e snap ( ! f+]s1 z x 71 & ! t5d5cy ( connoisseur%ip 0 to set novelty above intr9sic wor?4 ,h5ce ! succession ( /yles by :i* ,c\ntry ,h\se decoration has become a ?+ = mock]y3 ,*9ese 9 "o age1 ,indian 9 ano!r1 ,p]sian 9 ! next1 ) ,egyptian1 ,middle ,african1 & heav5 kn[s :at else de/9$ to foll[ 9 due ord]4 ,!re is no?+ to settle to1 because !re is no task to be done1 & no problem to "w out2 & z soon z ! fir/ ta/e = a /yle gets exhau/$ x is spe$ily supplant$ by ano!r4 ,x w\ld be impossible to calculate ! ext5t to :i* ! ,c\ntry ,h\se has degrad$ our ta/e b ,i h little d\bts z to ! s\rce ( ! degradation4 ,! /ylicism :i* has p]v]t$ ! arts & has kept a congru5t mod]n /yle f develop+ has be5 ! "w ( ,c\ntry ,h\se culture4 ,i rememb] well ! contempt ) :i* a furniture manufactur] 9 ! ,*ilt]n ,hills told me ab\t ! way 9 :i* he produc$ an orig9al ,%]aton3 8 k ( s\nd furniture design 0 subord9at$ to "s o!r p]son's k ( 8/yle0 & ! misc>riage ( ! man's innate craftsman%ip made him s mordant on ! subject t x seem$ z ?\gh he _h be5 read+ ,?or/e9 ,vebl5's ,!ory ( ! ,leisure ,class4 ,x is ! same ?r\gh all ! arts4 ,a visit to ! indu/rial sections ( ! ,metropolitan ,museum 9 ,new ,york w %[ h[ dismally ! ta/e = novelty1 :i* l$ ! ,%]atons & ,*ipp5dales to f9d 8classic motifs0 9 "o age1 causes ! design]s ( ! pres5t day to seek ! motifs ( ,%]aton & ,*ipp5dale4 ,s mu* = :at happ5$ to ! arts :5 enjoym5t & a*ievem5t are sep>at$4 #g ,! indu/rial be>+ ( ! ,r5asc5ce ideal is ( capital importance4 ,dur+ ! ,middle ,age ! emphasis 9 indu/ry 0 ^u ! production ( tangible goods2 ! craft guilds set high /&>ds 9 design & workman%ip2 & ! aim ( ! work]1 9 mo/ ( ! trades1 0 to get a liv+ f 8 "w1 & n simply to get en\gh money to free himself f ! necessity ( work+4 ,?is is a broad g5]alization1 ,i ne$ sc>cely emphasize1 & !re is pl5ty ( evid5ce ( pecuni>y int]e/s "u ! be/ ( conditions2 b x seems fair to say t ! dom9ant ideals ( ! old] indu/rial ord] 7 indu/rial r ?an comm]cial4 ,9 ! trad+ v5tures t ! ,c\ntry ,h\se promot$ "u its ,drakes & ,raleighs1 v5tures :i* 7 ne$$ to br+ !m 8,%ips f ! ,p]las & ,cannibal ,isl&s10 ! emphasis %ift$ f workman%ip to sale2 & ! notion ( work+ & gambl+ to acquire multif>i\s goods took ! place ( t e>li] ideal :i* ,h5ry ,adams s sympa!tically describ$ 9 ,mt4 ,/4 ,mi*el & ,*>tres4 ,?us ! good life1 z ,i h said else:]e1 0 ! ,goods ,life3 x c\ld be pur*as$4 ,if ! :ole community no long] (f]$ ! conditions = ?is life1 "o might fil* :at "o want$ f ! g5]al /ore1 & try to monopolize = self or family all t 0 ne$$ = a good life 9 ! community4 ,:at is ! *ief economic outcome ( ?is ideal8 ,! *ief outcome1 ,i ?9k1 is to exagg]ate ! dem& = goods1 & to cause an enorm\sly wa/eful duplication ( ! app>atus ( consumption4 ,if ! limit to "o's possessions %\ld be simply ! ext5t ( "o's purse2 if happ9ess is to be acquir$ ?r\gh obta9+ ! com=ts & luxuries ( life2 if a man :o possesses a s+le h\se is consid]$ =tunate1 & a man :o possesses five h\ses five times z =tunate2 if !re are no /&>ds ( liv+ o!r ?an ! insatiable "o t has be5 set up 9 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se--well1 !n !re is really no limit to ! bus9ess ( gett+ & sp5d+1 & our lives become ! mean h&iwork ( coa*man1 cook1 & groom4 ,our ,c\ntry ,h\se w n m]ely be a h\se3 !re w be a *apel1 an art gall]y1 a !at]1 a gymnasium1 z ,franois ,rabelais imag9$4 ,z ! common possessions ( ! community dw9dle1 ! private possessions ( individuals are multipli$2 & at la/1 !re rema9s no o!r community ?an a multitude ( an>*ic individuals1 ea* ( :om is do+ 8 be/ to create = himself a ,c\ntry ,h\se1 not)/&+ ! fact t ! net result ( 8 endeavors--?is is ! drab trag$y & ! f9al ?+ to be said aga9/ x--is p]haps no?+ bett] ?an six inadequate rooms at ! end ( n[h]e 9 a ,philadelphia suburb4 ,! ,c\ntry ,h\se1 !n1 is ! *ief patt]n by means ( :i* ! m$ival ord] 0 trans=m$ into ! mod]n ord]4 ,x does n matt] v mu* :e!r ! ,c\ntry ,h\se is an e/ate on ,long ,isl& or a cottage 9 ,montclair2 :e!r x is a h\se 9 ,gold]'s ,gre5 or a family manor 9 ,devon%ire3 ^! are ess5tially affairs ( scale1 & ! und]ly+ id5tity is pla9 en\gh4 ,! idolum ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se prevails ev5 :5 qu>t]s are tak5 up 9 ! mid/ ( ! metropolis4 ,m ?an ev] ! ,c\ntry ,h\se today tries to make up by an abundance ( physical goods = all t has be5 lo/ ?r\gh its divorce f ! und]ly+ community2 m ?an ev] x attempts to be self-suffici5t )9 ! limits ( suburbia4 ,! automobile1 ! phonograph1 & ! radio-telephone h only s]v$ to increase ?is self-suffici5cy2 & ,i ne$ n %[ at l5g? h[ ^! in/rum5talities h deep5$ ! elem5ts ( acquisitiv5ess & passive1 uncreative1 me*anical enjoym5t4 ,! ,c\ntry ,h\se's passionate dem& = physical goods has giv5 rise to ano!r in/itution1 ,coket[n2 & x is ! idolum ( ,coket[n1 ! indu/rial age's contribution to ! ,c\ntry ,h\se1 t we h n[ to consid]4 #h ,! *ief diff]5ce betwe5 ! individual utopias ( ! n9ete5? c5tury & ! 8collective repres5tation0 ( ,coket[n is t ^! individual utopias 7 conc]n$ to repair c]ta9 po9ts :]e ,man*e/]1 ,new>k1 ,pittsburgh1 & ,elb]feld-,b>m5 fell %ort ( ! ideal4 ,9 repair+ ^! po9ts1 ,bellamy & ,h]tzka 7 ready to alt] ! conv5tional arrangem5ts by :i* prop]ty & l& 7 held1 & capital 0 accumulat$4 ,! f9al end h[ev] 0 ! same2 & ! diff]5ces are !re=e m app>5t ?an real4 ,if ! illu/rative example ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se is 9 ! ,abbey ( ,!leme1 t ( ,coket[n is 9 ! %>p picture ( indu/rialism :i* ,*>les ,dick5s pres5ts 9 ,h>d ,times4 ,coket[n1 z ,dick5s sees x1 is ! qu9tess5ce ( ! indu/rial age4 ,x is p]haps "o ( ! few idola ( ! mod]n _w :i* has no p>allel 9 any e>li] civilization t we h be5 able to explore4 ,9 ord] to und]/& :at ,coket[n br\ght into ! _w1 we mu/ realize t be=e ,coket[n came into exi/5ce ! c5t] ( e important ,european city consi/$ ( a m>ketplace1 %ad[$ ov] by a ,ca!dral1 a ,m>ket ,c\rt1 & a ,guildhall2 & frequ5tly !re w\ld be an adjac5t univ]sity4 ,?is 0 ! typical =mation4 ,! v>i\s qu>t]s ( ! city 7 subord9at$ to ^! c5tral in/itutions1 & ! "w :i* 0 c>ri$ on )9 ! city's walls 0 m or less concretely realiz$ 9 ! local community4 ,coket[n1 on ! o!r h&1 0 ! outcome ( o!r conditions & necessities4 ,! c5t] ( ,coket[n's activity 0 ! mill1 set at fir/ 9 ! op5 c\ntry ne> fall+ wat]1 & !n z coal 0 appli$ to /eam eng9es1 remov$ to areas m accessible to ! coal fields4 ,! factory became ! new social unity2 9 fact x became ! only social unit2 &1 z ,dick5s %>ply put x1 8! jail look$ l ! t[n hall1 & ! t[n hall l ! infirm>y0--& all ( !m look$ l ! factory1 a gaunt build+ ( murky brick t once 0 r$ or yell[4 ,! sole object ( ! factory is to produce goods = sale2 & e o!r in/itution is enc\rag$ 9 ,coket[n only to ! ext5t t x does n s]i\sly int]f]e ) ?is aim4 ,:at are ! outw>d physical aspects ( ,coket[n8 ,to beg9 )1 ! city is laid out by an eng9e]2 x is laid out ) a ma!matical correctness & ) a complete disreg>d = ! am5ities4 ,if !re are hills :]e ,coket[n ought to /&1 ! hills are level$2 if !re are swamps1 ! swamps are fill$2 if !re are lakes1 ! lakes are dra9$ away4 ,! patt]n to :i* ,coket[n's activities are fitt$ is t ( ! gridiron2 !re are no deviations & no all[ances 9 ! work+ out ( ?is plan2 nev] w a /reet sw]ve z mu* z a hair's bread? to save a /& ( trees or op5 up a vi/a4 ,9 ! matt] ( transportation & int]c\rse1 ! aim ( ,coket[n is to 8get some:]e02 & x fancies t by lay+ d[n /raight l9es & jo9+ !m 9 rectangles ?is aim is exp$it$2 despite ! demon/ration 9 e city ( old] gr[? t a radial sy/em ( int]communication is mu* m economical ?an ! gridiron4 ,z a result1 !re is no t]m9us to any ( ! av5ues ( ,coket[n2 = !y beg9 on a draught+ bo>d & end 9 inf9ity4 ,x is impossible to approa* f ! front ! jails1 hospitals1 & sanatoria ( :i* ,coket[n boa/s2 ! t5d5cy is to run pa/ !m4 ,s mu* = ! physical lay\t ( ! indu/rial city2 :at rema9s is obscur$ by smoke4 ,! factory is ! c5t] ( ,coket[n's social life2 & x is "h t ! great] "p ( ! population sp5d _! days4 ,at its pure/1 t is to say1 dur+ ! fir/ half ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 & 9 a great _m c5t]s to ?is day1 ! factory is ! only in/itution t provides any?+ l a social life1 9 spite ( ! fact t ! unremitt+ toil :i* accompanies its r\t9e r$uces ! graces ( social int]c\rse to su* a m9imum t drunk5ness & copulation are ! only amusem5ts :i* ! inhabitants c engage 9 z a relief f _! noble duty ( provid+ ! re/ ( ! _w ) necessities1 com=ts1 luxuries1 & nullities4 ,! ,coket[n idolum has be5 dis9tegrat+ a little dur+ ! la/ two decades1 "u ! influ5ce ( ! g>d5 cities movem5t1 & ,i am aw>e t 9 c]ta9 dep>tm5ts ,i am celebrat+ a lo/ cause & an ab&on$ idealism2 b !re /ill rema9 9 acres & acres ( work+m5's dwell+s1 su* z "o f9ds 9 ,batt]sea & ,philadelphia1 & 9 old-fa%ion$ railway /ations1 & 9 build+s l ! ,me*anics ,halls ( ,pittsburgh & ,bo/on1 a notion ( :at ,coket[n /ood = :5 ,coket[n1 ! ,frank5/e9 :i* _h be5 creat$ by ! ,c\ntry ,h\se1 _h n be5 repudiat$ by its ma/]4 ,coket[n is devot$ to ! production ( mat]ial goods2 & !re is no good 9 ,coket[n t does n d]ive f ?is aim4 ,! only enjoym5t :i* ^? :o are inur$ to ! ,coket[n r\t9e c p>ticipate 9 is me*anical a*ievem5t2 t is to say1 activity along indu/rial & comm]cial l9es2 & ! only result ( ?is a*ievem5t is--m a*ievem5t4 ,x foll[s t all ! /&>ds ( ,coket[n are ( a quantitative k9d2 s _m score ( ma*9es1 s _m tons ( gew-gaws1 s _m miles ( pip+1 s _m doll>s ( pr(it4 ,! opportunities = self-ass]tion & con/ructiv5ess 9 su* a community are practically b\ndless2 & ,i c nev] confront ! me*anical felicities ( a pr9t+ plant )\t realiz+ h[ fasc9at+ ^! opportunities are1 & h[ deeply !y satisfy c]ta9 elem5ts 9 our nature4 ,! un=tunate ?+ ab\t ,coket[n1 h[ev]1 is t ^! are ! only sort ( opportunities t are available2 & "w ^: /&>ds are ( a qualitative sort1 ! "w ( s*ol>s & arti/s & sci5ti/s1 is ei!r froz5 out ( ! community by delib]ate o/racism1 or is hit*$ to ! ma*9e2 ! arti/1 = example1 be+ compell$ to s+ ! praises ( ,coket[n's goods or to pa9t ! portrait ( ,coket[n's supreme e/hetic a*ievem5t--! ,self-,made ,man4 ,9 its pri/9e /ate1 ,coket[n is n a complete community4 ,s x is natural t ! idolum %\ld h provid$ c]ta9 additions4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 ! activities ( ,coket[n1 :e!r !y are b5eficial or wa/eful1 satisfy only c]ta9 elem5ts 9 ! human makeup2 & al?\gh mu* may be done by compulsory education to discipl9e ! y\ng] g5]ation to ! ma*9e1 & to %[ !m ! necessity ( do+ no?+ :i* w\ld int]f]e ) ! cont9u$ activity ( ! ma*9e--= "w 9 ,coket[n1 z ,samuel ,butl] fe>fully pr$ict$ 9 ,ere:on1 is 9 ! ma9 simply att5dance ^u ma*9]y--"h & !re ! igne\s in/9cts ( ! work]s w break ?r\gh ! solidifi$ lay] ( habit :i* ! s*ool & ! factory h produc$1 & ! arcane en]gies ( ! population w fl[ ei!r into ! ,c\ntry ,h\se or into t o!r simulacrum ( ! civic life1 ,broadway4 ,coket[n = ! workaday week1 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se = ! week5d1 is ! compromise t has be5 practically c\nt5anc$2 al?\gh ! c\ntry h\ses ( ! work+ classes may be no?+ m ?an a dim9utive ext5sion ( ! urban slum ne> sea or m\nta94 ,b x mu/ be admitt$ t !re is a p]man5t ,c\ntry ,h\se & a p]man5t ,coket[n population 9 ! m ideal aspects ( ! ord]4 ,mr4 ,wells 9 ! ,"t ,ma*9e has giv5 a picture ( ,coket[n :i* is p]haps a little exub]ant 9 "s ( its details--! picture ( a happy & c>eless ,c\ntry ,h\se population1 liv+ on ! surface ( ! e>?1 mid all ! graces ( a jolly week5d1 & t ( ! factory population1 ! ,morlocks1 liv+ 9 ! b[els ( ! e>? & p]=m+ ! necess>y indu/rial functions4 ,mr4 ,wells' pres5tation is a little exagg]at$1 h[ev]1 & we mu/ be cont5t "h ) su* a pla9 & outright description z ,messrs4 ,b\nd]by & ,gradgr9d w\ld approve (4 ,9 ! ,coket[n s*eme ( ?+s1 all t does n contribute to ! physical necessities ( life is call$ a com=t2 & all t does n contribute ei!r to com=ts or necessities is call$ a luxury4 ,^! ?ree grades ( good correspond to ! ?ree classes ( ! population3 ! necessities are = ! l[] ord] ( manual work]s1 toge!r ) su* accessory memb]s z cl]ks1 tea*]s1 & m9or (ficials2 ! com=ts are = ! com=table classes1 t is1 ! small ord] ( m]*ants1 bank]s1 & indu/riali/s2 :ile ! luxuries are = ! ari/ocracy1 if !re is su* an h]$it>y gr\p1 & = su* z are able to lift !mselves out ( ! two previ\s ord]s4 ,*ief among ! luxuries1 x goes )\t say+1 are art & lit]ature & any ( ! o!r p]man5t int]e/s ( a humane life4 ,let u note :at an improvem5t ! ?ree classes ( ,coket[n are ^u ! ?ree classes 9 ,plato's ,republic4 ,! cu/om ( limit+ ! e>n+s ( ! work+ classes to ! m>g9 ( subsi/5ce is s+ul>ly effective 9 keep+ !m occupi$ ) ! bus9ess ( production--z long z !re is no ov]plus 9 ! m>ket to ?r[ !m out ( "w--& x is ?us a safegu>d ( effici5cy & indu/ry :i* ,plato1 :o 0 deplorably obtuse 9 ^! matt]s1 did n provide4 ,x is likewise obvi\s t ! life ( a middle class citiz51 ) pl5ty to eat & dr9k1 ) 8 life protect$ by ! policeman1 8 pocketbook protect$ by ! insurance company1 8 spiritual happ9ess protect$ by ! *ur*1 8 human sympa?ies protect$ by ! *>ity organization society1 8 intellig5ce protect$ by ! newspap]1 & 8 economic privileges protect$ by ! ,/ate--?is middle class citiz5 is1 aft] all1 a mu* m =tunate & happy individual ?an ^? ,platonic w>riors ^: life 0 a p]petual ef=t to keep ! edge on _! bodies & m9ds4 ,z = ! ,gu>dians ( ! ,/ate1 x is pla9 t ,plato did n (f] !m any inducem5t to d _! "w :i* w\ld attract a normal comm]cial man3 anyone :o 0 wor? a hundr$ ?\s& doll>s a ye> w\ld h ?\ght twice be=e assum+ lead]%ip 9 ,plato's impov]i%$ commonweal?1 :]eas 9 ,coket[n he w\ld f9d t 8 simple ability to make money w\ld be tak5 z suffici5t pro( ( 8 education1 8 insight1 & 8 wisdom 9 e dep>tm5t ( life4 ,m ?an t1 ,coket[n1 :5 all is said & done1 welcomes ! arti/ ) a cordiality t puts ,plato to %ame3 ,coket[n c af=d its luxuries s9ce1 :5 y look at ! matt] squ>ely1 a r>e pa9t+ might be wor? z mu* z a r>e po/age /amp2 & x is accord+ly an acceptable addition to ! ,coket[n milieu4 ,coket[n has1 9 fact1 only "o "q = ! arts to answ]3 ,:at are !y good =8 ,if ! answ] c be express$ 9 money1 ! art 9 "q is tak5 to be almo/ z satisfactory z a device to save labor1 to increase spe$1 or to multiply ! output4 #i ,!re is "o ph5om5on /ill to be acc\nt$ = 9 ! economy ( ,coket[n2 "o monum5tal in/rum5t )\t :i* ! :eels ( ,coket[n w\ld become clogg$ & ! v brea? ( ,coket[n be ext+ui%$4 ,i ref] to ! rubbi% heaps4 ,! aim ( production 9 ,coket[n is naturally m production1 & x is only by mak+ ?+s suffici5tly %oddy to g to pieces quickly1 or by *ang+ ! fa%ion suffici5tly (t51 t ! ma*9]y ( ,coket[n c = ! mo/ "p be kept runn+4 ,! rage & fury ( ,coket[n's production has to be balanc$ (f by an equal rage & fury ( consumption--cont95ce w\ld be fatal4 ,z a result1 no?+ 9 ,coket[n is f9i%$ or p]man5t or settl$3 ^! qualities are ano!r "n = dea?4 ,coket[n makes *9a to be brok51 clo!s to be worn out1 & h\ses to be torn d[n2 & if some?+ rema9s ov] f an e>li] age :i* made ?+s m s\ndly1 x is ei!r inc>c]at$ 9 a museum1 & d]id$ z ! monum5t ( a non-progressive age1 or x is demoli%$ z a nuisance4 ,s p[]ful is ! idolum ( ,coket[n t 9 ! workaday _w build+ aft] build+ cont9ues to meet ) irrep>able ru9 at ! h&s ( b>b>ians f ,coket[n3 :y1 ,i h ev5 se5 innoc5t little half-timb]$ fifte5? c5tury cottages ^: fronts 7 oblit]at$ by a n9ete5? c5tury pla/]]1 9 ! "n ( progress4 ,! /atus ( e family 9 ,coket[n c be told by ! size ( its rubbi% heap4 ,9 fact1 to 8make a pile0 9 ! m>kets ( ,coket[n is ultimately to make ano!r pile--( du/ & junk & litt]--on ! edge ( ! t[n :]e ! factory di/rict dribbles (f into ! op5 c\ntry4 ,s 9 ,coket[n consumption is n m]ely a necessity3 x is a social duty1 a means ( keep+ 8! :eels ( civilization turn+40 ,at times !re appe>s to be a possibility t ?is utopia may defeat its purposes by produc+ goods at su* a pace t ! rubbi% heaps w fall beh9d ! dem&s ( ! m>ket2 & :ile ?is m>s ! !oretic p]fection ( ! ,coket[n social organization1 x is (fset by p]iods ( w>1 :5 ! m>ket is practically inexhau/ible1 & ,coket[n's prosp]ity increases to a po9t at :i* ! work+ classes are on ! po9t ( becom+ ! com=table classes )\t hav+ _h suffici5t previ\s tra9+ to make _! contribution to ! rubbi% heap--a s]i\s pass1 amid/ :i* confusion ! work+ classes ( ,coket[n might take to r$uc+ _! work+ days & enjoy+ _! leisure )\t suffici5t consumptive ef=t4 ,?is1 !n1 is ! idolum ( ,coket[n4 ,!re are c]ta9 features 9 x :i* ne$ to be notic$4 ,! fir/ is t !re is a c]ta9 solid reality 9 ,coket[n t rema9s :5 all its pret5sions & idiocies h be5 inc9]at$4 ,an environm5t t is devot$ solely to ! production ( mat]ial goods is obvi\sly no sort ( environm5t = a good community1 = life is m ?an a matt] ( f9d+ :at we %all eat & :]e)al we %all be clo!d3 x is an int]action ) a :ole _w ( l&scapes1 liv+ creatures & ideas1 9 comp>ison ) :i* ,coket[n is a m]e bli/] on ! e>?'s surface4 ,nev]!less1 ) respect to ! bus9ess ( melt+ /eel & build+ roads & p]=m+ c]ta9 ess5tial indu/rial op]ations1 ! aims ( ,coket[n are1 up to a c]ta9 po9t1 relevant3 we h already enc\nt]$ !m 9 ,&re's ,*ri/ianopolis4 ,!re is no ne$ to dismiss ! good t lies inside ( indu/rialism because x does n embrace ! good t lies beyond x4 ,up to a c]ta9 po9t1 !n1 us+ me*anical p[] r ?an human p[] is good2 s is l>ge-scale production1 s is ! division ( labor & division ( op]ation2 s is rapid transportation2 s is ! accurate me?odology ( ! eng9e]2 & s are v>i\s o!r features 9 ! mod]n indu/rial _w4 ,"o might ev5 say a ^w = effici5cy1 z aga9/ 8do+ ?+s r m or less40 ,coket[n made ! horrid mi/ake ( believ+ t all ^! ?+s 7 good 9 !mselves4 ,new factories1 = example1 drew a bigg] population into ! city3 ,coket[n did n p]ceive t1 z ,plato po9t$ out1 beyond a c]ta9 po9t ! city z a social unit w\ld cease to exi/4 ,bigg] & bett] 0 ,coket[n's motto2 & x resolutely refus$ to see t !re 0 no necess>y connection betwe5 ^! adjectives4 ,! :ole case = & aga9/ ,coket[n re/s ^u our admission ( ! phrase 8up to a c]ta9 po9t40 ,up to a c]ta9 po9t1 indu/rialism is good1 especially 9 its mod]n1 neote*nic1 electrical phase3 ,coket[n1 on ! o!r h&1 believes t !re is no limit to ! usefulness ( indu/rialism4 ,up to a c]ta9 po9t--b :at po9t8 ,! answ] is1 up to ! po9t at :i* ! cultivation ( a humane life 9 a community ( humane p becomes difficult or impossible4 ,m5 come toge!r1 says ,ari/otle1 to live2 !y rema9 toge!r 9 ord] to live ! good life4 ,?is det]m9ation ( ! good life is ! only *eck & balance t we c h ^u ,coket[n2 & x is p]haps because we h be5 s little conc]n$ ) x t ! practical effect ( ! ,coket[n idolum has be5 s deva/at+4 8,inv5tion & organization10 z ,mr4 ,george ,santayana admirably po9ts out1 8:i* ought to h increas$ leisure by produc+ ! necess>ies ( life ) little labor1 h only increas$ ! population1 degrad$ labor1 & diffus$ luxury40 ,william ,morris conceiv$ t m5 9 ! future might disc>d _m complicat$ ma*9es because !y c\ld live m happily1 aye1 "w m happily )\t !m4 ,:e!r inde$ a good "p ( mod]n organization & ma*9]y c\ld be scrapt is p]haps a debatable "q3 b ! possibility ( scrapp+ x is at lea/ conceivable once we become m int]e/$ 9 ! actual result ( indu/rialism ^u ! life & happ9ess ( ! p :o are "p ( ! organization ?an we are 9 ! pr(its :i* pile up ^u pap]1 & are f9ally realiz$ 9 an ev]-gr[+ rubbi% heap4 #aj ,by :at means c ! ,c\ntry ,h\se keep ,coket[n work+ = x8 ,! idolum ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se1 :i* 0 built up dur+ ! ,r5asc5ce1 & ! idolum ( ,coket[n1 :i* 0 =m$ 9 ! e>ly "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 are obvi\sly two sep>ate worlds2 & 9 ord] t ea* might be realiz$ 9 our daily life1 x 0 necess>y t "s connect+ tissue be manufactur$ to keep !m toge!r4 ,?is tissue 0 ! social my?1 ! collective utopia1 ( ! ,national ,/ate4 ,!re is a s5se 9 :i* we may look ^u ! ,national ,/ate z a fact2 b t great philosoph] ( ! ,national ,/ate1 ,mazz9i1 realiz$ t ! ,national ,/ate _h cont9ually to be will$2 & its exi/5ce lies pla9ly1 !re=e1 on a diff]5t plane f ! exi/5ce ( a bit ( t]ritory1 a build+1 or a city4 ,9 fact1 x is only by ! p]si/5t projection ( ?is utopia = ! la/ ?ree or f\r hundr$ ye>s t its exi/5ce has become cr$ible2 = all ! m9ute descriptions :i* ! political hi/orian gives to ! ,national ,/ate1 its orig9s & its in/itutions & its p1 read a good deal l t f9e /ory :i* ,hans ,&]s5 told ab\t ! k+ :o walk$ ! /reets nak$ because two rascally tailors _h p]suad$ him t !y _h wov5 & cut up = him a beautiful outfit ( clo!s4 ,x w help u to appreciate ?is beautiful fabrication ( ! ,national ,/ate if we turn aside = a mom5t & glance at ! actual _w z x is kn[n to ! geograph] & ! an?ropologi/4 ,"h are ! physical facts 9 defiance ( :i* ! utopia ( nationalism has be5 clapp$ toge!r4 #aa ,! e>? t ! geograph] surveys is divid$ into five great l& masses4 ,^! l& masses 9 turn c be brok5 up into a numb] ( natural regions1 ea* ( :i* has )9 its r\gh & approximate fronti]s a c]ta9 complex ( soil1 climate1 vegetation1 &1 aris+ out ( ^!1 c]ta9 primitive occupations :i* ! inhabitants ( ! region orig9ally practic$ & lat]1 ?r\gh ! advance ( trade & inv5tion1 elaborat$4 ,betwe5 ^! natural regions !re are occasionally fronti]s1 su* z ! b>ri] ( ! ,pyr5ees :i* sep>ates 8,france0 f 8,spa902 b ^! b>ri]s h nev] altoge!r prev5t$ movem5ts ( population f "o area to ano!r4 ,9 ord] to h a m fai?ful k ( regional gr\p+s 9 c]ta9 important areas1 ! read] might ) pr(it consult ,pr(essor ,fleure's ,human ,geography 9 ,we/]n ,europe4 7,london3 ,williams & ,norgate47 ,^! natural regions are ! gr\ndwork ( human regions2 t is1 ! non-political gr\p+ ( population ) respect to soil1 climate1 vegetation1 animal life1 indu/ry & hi/oric tradition4 ,9 ea* ( ^! human regions we f9d t ! population does n consi/ ( a multitude ( atomic individuals3 on ! contr>y1 :5 ! geograph] plots h\ses & build+s on a topographic map1 he f9ds t p & h\ses coh]e toge!r 9 gr\ps ( m or less limit$ size1 call$ cities1 t[ns1 villages1 hamlets4 ,normally1 a va/ am\nt ( int]c\rse takes place betwe5 ^! gr\p+s2 & 9 ! ,middle ,age1 be=e ! utopia ( ! ,national ,/ate _h be5 creat$1 ! pilgrim & ! w&]+ s*ol> & ! j\rneyman & ! /roll+ play] c\ld h be5 met ) on all ! highways ( ,europe4 ,"u ! disp5sation ( ! ,national ,/ate1 h[ev]1 ! population1 z ! ,g]man economi/ ,bue*] po9ts out1 t5ds to be m settl$1 & we transport goods r ?an p4 ,x is important to realize t1 s f> z ! geograph] c discov]1 ?is trade & int]c\rse betwe5 local gr\ps has be5 a "p ( ,we/]n ,european civilization s9ce ,neoli?ic times1 at lea/3 x takes place cont9ually betwe5 individuals & corporate gr\ps 9 "o place & ano!r1 & z f> z geographical facts are conc]n$ might m easily exi/ betwe5 ,dov] & ,calais1 let u say1 ?an betwe5 ,calais & ,p>is4 ,n[ ! int]e/+ ?+ ab\t ! utopia ( ! ,national ,/ate is t x has only ! mo/ casual relation to ! facts ( geography4 ,:]ev] x suits ! purposes ( ! ,gu>dians ( ! ,/ate1 ! facts are ignor$1 & an artificial relation is will$ into exi/5ce4 ,! human communities :i* ! regional sociologi/ recognizes d n always co9cide ) ^? :i* ! /atesman wi%es to incorporate z 8national t]ritory10 & :5 ?is conflict occurs1 ! idea r ?an ! reality triumphs1 if necess>y by brute =ce4 ,9 ! utopia ( ! ,national ,/ate !re are no natural regions2 & ! equally natural gr\p+ ( p 9 t[ns1 villages & cities1 :i*1 z ,ari/otle po9ts out1 is p]haps ! *ief di/9ction betwe5 man & ! o!r animals1 is tol]at$ only ^u ! fiction t ! ,/ate h&s ov] to ^! gr\ps a portion ( its omnipot5t au?ority1 or 8sov]eignty0 z x is call$1 & p]mits !m to ex]cise a corporate life4 ,un=tunately = ?is beautiful my?1 :i* g5]ations ( lawy]s & /atesm5 h labor$ to build up1 cities exi/$ long be=e /ates--!re 0 a ,rome on ! ,tib] long be=e !re 0 a ,roman ,imp]ium--& ! graci\s p]mission ( ! /ate is simply a p]functory seal ^u ! accompli%$ fact4 ,in/ead ( recogniz+ natural regions & natural gr\ps ( p1 ! utopia ( nationalism e/abli%es1 by ! surveyor's l9e1 a c]ta9 realm call$ national t]ritory1 & makes all ! inhabitants ( ?is t]ritory ! memb]s ( a s+le1 indivisible gr\p1 ! nation1 :i* is suppos$ to be prior 9 claim & sup]ior 9 p[] to all o!r gr\ps4 ,?is is ! only social =mation t is (ficially recogniz$ )9 ! national utopia4 ,:at is common to all ! inhabitants ( ?is t]ritory is ?\ght to be ( f> great] importance ?an any ( ! ?+s t b9d m5 toge!r 9 p>ticul> civic or indu/rial gr\ps4 ,let u look at ?is _w ( national utopias4 ,! contra/ betwe5 ! politician's map & ! geograph]'s w\ld be little less ?an amaz+ 7 our eyes n us$ to x1 & 7 we n taught 9 mod]n times to look ^u x z inevitable4 ,in/ead ( ! natural gr\p+ ( l& masses & regions1 "o f9ds a multitude ( q arbitr>y l9es3 b\nd>ies l ^? t sep>ate ,canada & ! ,unit$ ,/ates or ,belgium & ! ,ne!rl&s are j z frequ5t z ! natural fronti] ( sea t surr\nds ,engl&4 ,sometimes ^! national t]ritories are big1 & sometimes !y are little2 b ! bigness ( empires l ^? ( ,france1 ,engl&1 or ! ,unit$ ,/ates is n due to any ess5tial id5tity ( int]e/s betwe5 ! sundry communities ( ^! empires1 b to ! fact t !y are =cibly held toge!r by a political gov]nm5t4 ,national l9es1 9 o!r words1 cont9ue to exi/ only z long z ! inhabitants cont9ue to act 9 t]ms ( !m2 are ready to pay _! taxes to support cu/oms bureaux1 immigration (fices1 fronti] patrols1 & educational sy/ems2 & are prep>$1 9 ! la/ extremity1 to lay d[n _! lives to prev5t o!r gr\ps f cross+ ^! imag9>y l9es )\t p]mission4 ,! *ief conc]n ( ! national utopia is ! support ( ! c5tral gov]nm5t1 = ! gov]nm5t is ! gu>dian ( t]ritory & privilege4 ,! pr9cipal bus9ess ( t gov]nm5t is to keep ! t]ritory prop]ly def9$1 & to increase its limits1 :5 possible1 s z to make ! taxable area l>g]4 ,by /ress+ ! importance ( ^! conc]ns1 & con/antly play+ up ! dang]s ( rivalry f o!r national utopias1 ! ,/ate builds a bridge betwe5 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se & ,coket[n1 & p]suades ! work]s 9 ,coket[n t !y h m 9 common ) ! classes t exploit !m ?an !y h 9 common ) o!r gr\ps )9 a m limit$ community4 ,x w\ld seem t ?is reconciliation ( ,coket[n & ! ,c\ntry ,h\se is little less ?an miracul\s1 ev5 z an ideal2 & p]haps x w\ld be int]e/+ to exam9e a little m c>efully ! app>atus by :i* ?is is effect$4 #ab ,! *ief in/rum5t ( ! ,national ,/ate is ,megalopolis1 its bigge/ city1 ! place :]e ! idolum ( ! ,national ,utopia 0 fir/ creat$1 & :]e x is p]petually will$ into exi/5ce4 ,9 ord] to grasp ! qu9tess5tial "* ( ,megalopolis we mu/ %ut our eyes to ! palpable e>?1 ) its mantle ( vegetation & its t5t ( cl\ds1 & conceive :at might be made ( ! human l&scape if x c\ld be entirely fabricat$ out ( pap]2 = ! ultimate aim ( ! ,megalopolis is to conduct ! :ole ( human life & int]c\rse ?r\gh ! m$ium ( pap]4 ,! e>ly life ( a "y citiz5 9 ,megalopolis is sp5t 9 acquir+ ! tools by :i* pap] may be us$4 ,! names ( ^! tools are writ+1 read+1 & ari?metic2 & once ^u a "t ^! con/itut$ ! ma9 elem5ts 9 e ,megalopolitan's education4 ,!re 01 h[ev]1 a good deal ( dissatisfaction1 on pap]1 aga9/ ?is some:at b>r5 curriculum1 & s at a fairly e>ly date 9 ! hi/ory ( ,megalopolis1 v>i\s o!r subjects1 su* z lit]ature1 sci5ce1 gymna/ics1 & manual tra9+ 7 add$ to ! curriculum--on pap]4 ,x is inde$ possible = a ,megalopolitan /ud5t to "k ! atomic =mula ( clay )\t ev] hav+ se5 x 9 ! raw e>?1 to h&le p9e wood 9 ! work%op )\t hav+ walk$ ?r\gh a p9e =e/1 & to g ?r\gh ! ma/]pieces ( poetic lit]ature )\t hav+ exp]i5c$ a s+le emotion :i* w\ld prep>e him to appreciate any?+ diff]5t f "o ( ! influ5tial ,megalopolitan magaz9es1 8,smutty ,/ories01 b z long z 8 h\rs ( att5dance c be record$ on pap]1 & z long z he c give a satisfactory acc\nt ( 8 /udies on an exam9ation pap]1 8 prep>ation = life is practically complete2 & s he is graduat$ ) a pap] c]tificate ( education into ! indu/ries ( ,coket[n1 or into ! multitud9\s bureaus ( ,megalopolis itself4 ,! end ( ?is p]iod ( pap] tutelage is b a prelude to its cont9uation 9 ano!r =m2 = ! religi\s c>e ( pap] is ! ,megalopolitan's life "w4 ,! daily newspap]1 ! l$g]1 ! c>d index are ! means by :i* he n[ makes contact ) life1 :il/ ! fiction magaz9e & ! illu/rat$ pap] are ! means by :i* he escapes f x4 ,?r\gh ! transluc5t =m ( pap] kn[n z celluloid1 x has be5 possible to d away on ! /age ) fle%-&-blood p2 & !re=e ! drama ( life1 z ! ,megalopolitan /ory writ]s tell x1 c be enact$ at "o remove f actuality4 ,in/ead ( 8 travell+1 ! _w moves be=e ! ,megalopolitan1 on pap]2 in/ead ( 8 v5tur+ =? on ! highways ( ! _w1 adv5ture comes to him1 on pap]2 in/ead ( 8 gett+ him a mate1 8 bliss may be all b consummat$--on pap]4 ,9 fact1 s accu/om$ does ! ,megalopolitan become to exp]i5c+ all 8 emotions on pap] t he c be ent]ta9$ by ! repres5tation ( a /atic b[l ( fl[]s on a mov+ picture scre52 :ile 8 cockney ignorance ( nature is s va/ t a c]ta9 vaudeville p]=m]1 seek+ to amuse him by imitat+ ! calls ( birds & bea/s1 f9ds x wise to h mov+ pictures tak5 ( ! roo/]1 ! dog1 & ! cat1 9 ord] to give 8 mimicries reality 9 m9ds de/itute ( any p]sonal image4 ,! notion ( direct action1 direct int]c\rse1 direct association1 is a =eign "o to ,megalopolis4 ,if any action is to be tak5 by ! :ole community1 or by any gr\p 9 x1 x is necess>y to c>ry x ?r\gh ! ,megalopolitan p>liam5t1 & h x e/abli%$ on pap]1 aft] innum]able p1 :o h no g5u9e conc]n 9 ! matt]1 h committ$ _! views ab\t x to pap]4 ,if any int]c\rse is to be c>ri$ on1 x mu/ be l>gely conduct$ on pap]2 & if t m$ium is n directly available1 subsidi>y in/rum5ts1 l ! telephone1 are us$4 ,! *ief =m ( association 9 ,megalopolis is t by political p>ty1 & x is ?r\gh ! political p>ty t ! ,megalopolitan expresses 8 views1 on pap]1 z to :at is necess>y to am5d ! pap] con/itution or promote ! welf>e ( ! pap] community2 albeit he realizes t ! promises made by political p>ties are writt5 on :at ,megalopolitans 9 _! m cynical mom5ts call 8non-negotiable0 pap]1 & w probably nev] pass into curr5cy4 ,by its traffic 9 ,coket[n's multif>i\s goods & by its comm& ov] c]ta9 k9ds ( pap] kn[n z mortgages or securities1 ,megalopolis ensures a supply ( real foods & real /aples f ! c\ntryside4 ,?r\gh incessant production ( books1 magaz9es1 newspap]s1 boil]plate features1 & syndicat$ matt]1 ,megalopolis ensures t ! idolum ( ! ,national ,utopia %all be kept alive 9 ! m9ds ( ! und]ly+ inhabitants ( ! c\ntry4 ,f9ally1 by ! devices ( 8national education0 & 8national adv]tis+0 all ! inhabitants ( ! ,national ,utopia are p]suad$ t ! good life is t :i* is liv$1 on pap]1 9 ! capital city2 & t an approximation to ?is life c be a*iev$ only by eat+ ! food1 dress+ 9 ! clo!s1 hold+ ! op9ions1 & pur*as+ ! goods :i* are (f]$ = sale by ,megalopolis4 ,s ! *ief aim ( e o!r city 9 ! ,national ,utopia is to become l ,megalopolis2 its *ief hope is to gr[ z big z ,megalopolis2 its boa/ is t x is ano!r ,megalopolis4 ,:5 ! d5iz5s ( ,megalopolis dream ( a bett] _w1 x is only a pap] p]fection ( t ,national ,utopia :i* ,edw>d ,bellamy look$ =w>d to 9 ,look+ ,backw>d4 ,work+ 9 connection ) ! ,ma*9e ,process ( ,coket[n1 ! ,megalopolis erects a /&>d ( life :i* c be express$ 9 comm]cial t]ms1 on pap]1 ev5 if x does n (f] any tangible satisfaction 9 goods & s]vices & p]fections4 ,! *ief boa/ ( ?is /&>d is its uni=mity2 t is1 its equal applicability to e p]son 9 ! community )\t respect to 8 hi/ory1 8 circum/ances1 8 ne$s1 8 actual rew>ds4 ,h5ce su* goods z ,megalopolis creates 9 pr(usion are = ! mo/ "p 9 ! l9e ( plumb+ & sanit>y devices :i*1 if !y d n exactly height5 ! joy ( liv+1 at any rate make ! r\t9e ( ,megalopolitan life a little less =midable4 ,! total result ( ^! /&>ds & uni=mities is t :at 0 orig9ally a fiction 9 "t becomes a fact4 ,:]eas ! inhabitants ( ! national utopia may orig9ally h be5 z div]se z ! trees 9 a =e/1 !y t5d to become1 "u ! influ5ce ( education & propag&a1 z simil> z telegraph poles along a road4 ,x is n a little to ! cr$it ( ,megalopolis t ! ,national ,utopia has pragmatically ju/ifi$ itself4 ,x has creat$ ! sort ( m5tal environm5t on pap] :i* is necess>y to a smoo? adju/m5t ( ,coket[n & ! ,c\ntry ,h\se4 ,:at is ,megalopolis1 9 fact1 b a pap] purgatory :i* s]ves z a m$ium ?r\gh :i* ! fall5 sons ( ,coket[n1 ! produc]'s hell1 may f9ally atta9 ! high bliss ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se1 ! consum]'s ,heav58 #ac ,x %\ld be pla9 t 9 describ+ ! ,national ,utopia & ,megalopolis ,i h be5 try+ to outl9e :at ,plato w\ld call ! pure =m4 ,x is equally cle>1 ,i tru/1 t ! pure =m is an idolum to :i* any exi/+ national /ate or metropolis approximates only s f> z ! idolum does n conflict too grossly ) ! real m5 & wom51 ! real communities1 ! real regions1 ! real workaday occupations :i* cont9ue1 despite ! reign ( ^! idola1 to exi/1 & to occupy our ma9 att5tion4 ,=mal education has n altoge!r tak5 ! place ( vital education2 loyalty to ! /ate has n altoge!r succe$$ z a sub/itute = deep] allegiances & affiliations3 occasionally1 "h & !re1 p meet ea* o!r face to face1 !y eat real food1 dig 9 real e>?1 smell real fl[]s in/ead ( coal t> p]fumes t arise f pap] b\quets1 & emb>k q madly on real love affairs4 ,x is true t ^! realities are a di/urb+ influ5ce3 !y are always ?reat5+ to und]m9e ! idola :i* ! politicians & j\rnali/s & academic h&ym5 unite s valiantly to build up2 b !re !y are--& ev5 ! mo/ /ubborn ideali/ _c help himself f occasionally confront+ ! _w t he d5ies6 ,if y & ,i 7 p]fect citiz5s ( ,megalopolis1 we %\ld nev] let any?+ come betwe5 u & our loyalty to ! ,/ate3 :5 ! ,/ate call$ = our taxes1 we %\ld nev] ?9k regretfully ( ! amusem5ts we mu/ =ego 9 ord] to pay !m2 :5 ! ,/ate dem&$ t we g to w>1 no?+ l ! claims ( a family or an occupation or a moral conviction w\ld ev] /ep betwe5 u & our national duty4 ,by ! same tok51 we %\ld nev] eat any o!r food ?an t :i* _h be5 nationally adv]tiz$1 & nev] buy any?+ direct f ! produc] :5 we might buy x f a ?ird p]son 9 ,megalopolis2 we %\ld nev] read any lit]ature t is n produc$ 9 our own c\ntry1 nev] desire any o!r climate ?an our own c\ntry c boa/1 & nev] seek to f9d 9 any o!r culture1 remote 9 space or "t1 ! ?+s :i* we seem to miss 9 our own environm5t4 ,if only ?is utopia ( nationalism c\ld be realiz$ completely x w\ld be self-suffici5t2 & !re w\ld be no?+ on e>?1 9 heav51 or 9 ! wat]s ov] ! e>? :i* did n be> ! au!ntic tradem>k ( ,megalopolis4 #ad ,! picture ( ! ,national ,utopia t ,i h drawn is p]haps a little too black to /& out cle>ly2 & ,i mu/ n[ add a few high lights = def9ition4 ,z 9 ,coket[n1 !re 0 a po9t up to :i* effici5cy 9 me*anical production 0 a good ?+1 s 9 ! national utopia !re is a po9t up to :i* uni=mity is a good ?+4 ,! ,national ,/ate seems hi/orically to h aris5 9 "s "p ?r\gh ! relief :i* ! p ( ! ,middle ,age exp]i5c$ 9 be+ able to travel "u ! protection ( ! ,k+'s law along ! ,k+'s highway1 & _! discov]y t common laws & cu/oms1 common weights & measures1 7 on ! :ole an advantage ov] a multitude ( s5seless irregul>ities :i* cont9u$ to exi/ 9 p>ticul> neighborhoods4 ,x 0 a di/9ct triumph = ! good life :5 ! m5 ( ,london & ! m5 ( ,ed9burgh1 let u say1 realiz$ t !y _h some?+ 9 common z citiz5s ( a s+le c\ntry1 & emphasiz$ ! lik5esses :i* b\nd !m z m5 r ?an ! antagonisms t sep>at$ !m z cities4 ,if ! ,national ,/ate erect$ b>ri]s ( trade aga9/ o!r c\ntries1 x at any rate broke d[n b>ri]s t _h long exi/$ 9 ev5 m limit$ regions1 & t h long cont9u$ to exi/ 9 c]ta9 cities 9 ,italy & ,france4 ,s mu* is to ! good4 ,b uni=mity is n a good 9 itself4 ,x is a good only 9 s f> z x promotes association & social int]c\rse4 ,9 break+ d[n m9or b>ri]s1 ! ,/ate creat$ major ones1 & x creat$ national uni=mities 9 regions :]e !y 7 mean+less4 ,moreov]1 nationalism is inimical to cultural unity1 & x p]petuates irrelevant conflicts 9 ! ,k+dom ( ! ,_s :]e !re %\ld be nei!r slave nor free1 nei!r :ite nor black1 nei!r citiz5 nor outl&]4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 ! two great int]national cultural vehicles ( ! ,middle ,age--! ,lat9 ,language & ! ,roman ,*ur*--7 brok5 d[n by ! propagation ( a ,national ,language1 t spok5 at ! ,national ,capital1 & a ,national ,*ur*1 t :i* 0 subs]vi5t to ! ,/ate2 & no?+ t nationalism has done s9ce has repair$ ?is loss4 ,on "o h&1 ! idolum ( ! ,national ,/ate is too n>r[1 because ! _w ( culture is man's common inh]itance1 & n ! m]e segm5t ( x :i* is call$ 8national lit]ature0 or 8national sci5ce40 ,& on ! o!r h&1 ! idolum is too big1 = ! reason t !re is no bond except a pap] "o betwe5 m5 :o are z f> ap>t z ,b]mondsey & ,bombay1 or ,new ,york & ,san ,francisco4 ,! temporal community1 z ,augu/e ,comte f9ely po9t$ out1 is local1 re/rict$1 & multi=m2 ?is is its ess5tial nature & limitation4 ,! spiritual community is univ]sal4 ,x 0 a great cultural misdemeanor :5 ! ,national ,utopia1 9 its ext5sion z imp]ialism1 s\ght to make ! spiritual community re/rict$ & ! temporal community univ]sal2 & x is ?is h]esy to ! good life :i* makes all ! pret5sions ( ! national utopia s %abby & ins9c]e4 #ae ,if ,coket[n & ! ,c\ntry ,h\se & ! ,national ,utopia _h rema9$ on pap]1 !y w\ld d\btless be ent]ta9+ & edify+ contributions to our lit]ature4 ,un=tunately1 ^! social my?s h be5 pot5t2 !y h giv5 a patt]n to our lives2 & !y are ! s\rce ( a great _m evils t ?reat51 l /9k+ we$s1 to *oke ! good life 9 our communities4 ,x is n because ^! my?s are utopias t ,i h be5 criticiz+ !m s assidu\sly2 x is r because !y cont9ue to "w su* :olesale damage4 ,h5ce x has seem$ wor? :ile to po9t out t !y are on pretty mu* ! same level ( reality z ! ,republic or ,*ri/ianopolis4 ,we may p]haps approa* our social in/itutions a little m c\rage\sly :5 we realize h[ completely we ourselves h creat$ !m2 & h[1 )\t our p]petual 8w to believe0 !y w\ld vani% l smoke 9 ! w9d4 ,,*apt] ,,elev5 ,h[ we reckon up acc\nts ) ! "o-sid$ utopias ( ! p>tisans4 ,,*apt] ,,elev5 #a ,!re h be5 _m p]iods :5 m5 did n ?9k x possible to make life 9 ! community rea* mu* high] levels ?an x _h atta9$1 )\t work+ a *ange ^u human nature4 ,! work+ ( ?is *ange has be5 "o ( ! *ief preoccupations ( religion2 b no "o c pret5d t x has met1 dur+ ! hi/oric p]iod1 ) any ov]:elm+ success4 ,9 ! eighte5? c5tury m5 became impati5t ) ! m9i/rations ( in/itutional religion1 & s\ght to effect an improvem5t 9 ! common life by a diff]5t me?od--by improv+ ! political1 economic1 & social me*anisms ( society4 ,up to ?is "t ! only me?od t _h seem$ feasible = improv+ ! te*nique ( social organization 0 ! m&ate ( law4 ,al?\gh ,ari/otle1 = in/ance1 pr$ict$ t slav]y w\ld come to an end on ! condition t ! %uttle %\ld weave by itself & ! lyre play )\t human h&1 no "o 9 ! ,greek community ( 8 "t saw v mu* likelihood ( improvem5t ?r\gh me*anical inv5tions or :olesale innovations 9 agriculture2 & no "o1 app>5tly1 conc]n$ himself s]i\sly ) ! me*anical side ( affairs4 ,x 0 ! same dur+ ! ,middle ,age4 ,if ! m5 ( t "t 7 n exub]antly happy ov] _! civilization1 !y _h ! dogmatic conviction t no?+ v satisfactory c\ld come ( a race t _h inh]it$ ! curse ( ,adam--a race ^: only salvation c\ld come :5 its individuals 7 purg$ "o by "o ( s91 & deliv]$1 by ! int]cession ( ! sa9ts & ! grace ( ,god1 into a m b5ignly con/itut$ aft]world4 ,"o might relieve ! pressure a little if ! %oe p9*$1 p]haps1 b sc>cely anyone dream$ ( travell+ 9 sev5-league boots1 or ( e/abli%+ an ,arcadia 9 :i* boots c\ld be disp5s$ )4 ,x 0 fooli% to look = a m p]fect society 9 a _w t 0 rife ) imp]fect m54 ,! ,r5asc5ce1 z we h se51 *ang$ all ?is4 ,pres5tly a s*ool ( philosoph]s foll[$ on ! heels ( ! utopians :o devot$ !mselves to prep>+ fairly m9ute plans & specifications = ! social ord]4 ,9 ! beg9n+1 ^! plans 7 devot$ to politics & crim9al re=m1 l ^? ( ,r\sseau1 ,becc>ia1 ,b5?am1 ,jeff]son1 ,godw91 & ! eighte5? c5tury re=m]s g5]ally2 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury ! ma9 acc5t 0 economic1 & a numb] ( movem5ts arose :i* c\ld be trac$ back to ! semi-sci5tific inve/igations ( ,adam ,smi?1 ,ric>do1 ,pr\dhon1 ,mal?us1 ,m>x1 & p]haps half a doz5 o!r ?9k]s ( out/&+ importance1 among :om we %\ld p]haps include su* latt] day figures z ,mill1 ,sp5c]1 & ,h5ry ,george4 ,all ( ^! ?9k]s h 9 "o way or ano!r influ5c$ our ?\ghts & deflect$ our actions2 & if "o adds to ?is galaxy ! re=m+ elem5ts :i* rema9$ 9 ! *ur*es & ! mission>y bro!rhoods & ! philan?ropic organizations1 we c obs]ve1 gr[+ up 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury1 a multitude ( p>tisan organizations & movem5ts1 ea* ( :i* is /r5u\sly b5t on realiz+ its private & p>tisan utopia4 ,x is ^! private & p>tisan utopias t ,i purpose to make a slight reckon+ ) 9 ! pres5t *apt]2 b ! field is su* a huge & =midable "o t ,i %all limit my criticism 9 ! ma9 to ^? t attempt$ to effect a *ange 9 ! economic ord]4 #b ,= all ! activities t m5 engage 9 we h sep>ate words4 ,?is is a great mis=tune2 = 9 us+ ^! words we t5d to believe t ea* action takes place 9 a sep>ate comp>tm5t4 ,in/ead ( beg9n+ ) a :ole man int]act+ 9 a :ole community1 we are likely to consid] only a p>tial man 9 a p>tial community1 & by a m5tal sleight ( h&1 be=e we "k x1 we h let ! "p /& = ! :ole4 ,x is ?is sort ( ab/raction1 ,i believe1 t has be5 responsible = a good deal ( fallaci\s ?9k+ ) reg>d to ! place ( indu/ry 9 ! community4 ,! economi/s seem to h made ! error fir/ by talk+ ( a creature :om !y call$ ! ,economic ,man1 a creature :o _h no in/9cts b ^? ( con/ruction & acquisition1 no habits b ( work+ & sav+1 & no o!r ultimate purpose ?an to become su* a capta9 ( indu/ry z w\ld make him a c&idate = ! biographic sket*es ( ,mr4 ,samuel ,smiles1 & 8 pres5t successors 9 ! newspap]s & popul> magaz9es4 ,n[ ?is ,economic ,man 0 ! embodim5t ( hone/ labor & rapaci\s gre$4 ,out ( ! bett] quality1 ,k>l ,m>x pa9t$ ! picture ( ! fai?ful labor] 9 ,coket[n ^: ma/]s sw9dl$ him out ( ! 8surplus value0 he produc$2 out ( ! worse quality classical economi/s l ,ric>do pa9t$ an equally entranc+ picture ( ! b5efic5t capitali/1 ?r\gh ^: =esight1 organiz+ ability1 & boldness bus9ess c\ld be conduct$ on a scale a simpl] age _h sc>cely dream$ (4 ,x 0 out ( ^! conceptions1 z !y 7 elaborat$ & rationaliz$ 9 books l ,port]'s ,progress ( ! ,n9ete5? ,c5tury & ,m>x's ,capital1 t !re grew up ! notion t ! only fundam5tal problem 9 ! mod]n _w 0 ! labor problem--! problem z to :o %\ld control indu/ry1 :o %\ld pr(it by its advances1 & :o %\ld own ! complicat$ in/rum5ts by :i* x 0 conduct$4 ,our bus9ess "h is n to exam9e ! v>i\s programs t 7 (f]$ dur+ ! la/ c5tury 9 answ] to ^! problems2 m]ely to catalog !m ) ! b>e/ explanation ( _! purpose w\ld be an impos+ task1 7 x n = ! fact t x has be5 neatly done = u by ,mr4 ,savel ,zim&4 ,x is en\gh to see "h ! common elem5t 9 capitalism1 cop>tn]y1 ,/ate ,socialism1 ,guild ,socialism1 ,co-op]ation1 ,communism1 ,syndicalism1 ! ,"o ,big ,union1 ,trades ,unionism1 & ! l2 :e!r ^! movem5ts repres5t actual facts1 l capitalism1 cop>tn]y1 or trades unionism1 or :e!r !y are simply projections1 l ,syndicalism & ! ,"o ,big ,union4 ,if our excursion ?r\gh ! classic utopias has be5 ( any use1 x mu/ h %[n u h[ pa!tic is ?is notion t ! key to a good society re/s simply on ! own]%ip & control ( ! indu/rial plant ( ! community4 ,is x any less absurd :5 we confess t mo/ ( ! movem5ts :i* 7 f\nd$ ^u ?is assumption 7 actuat$ by g5]\s & humane motives1 & t ,francis ,place1 ! tailor ( ,*>+ ,cross1 :o believ$ 9 a radical application ( laissez faire pr9ciples1 0 j z s9c]e a believ] 9 ! common weal z ,k>l ,m>x1 :o pr$ict$ a dictator%ip ( ! prolet>iat8 ,if a great _m ( ^! programs h _h ! notion t indu/rial ma*9]y1 "u socialism or guildism or co-op]ation 0 to be us$ = ! common b5efit1 :at 0 lack+ 0 any common notion z to :at ! common b5efit 04 ,all t 0 common to ^! p>tisan utopias 0 a desire to get rid ( positive evils su* z ov]work or />vation or irregul>ity ( employm5t4 ,9 _! rejection ( ! exi/+ ord] ( ,coket[n1 ) its rubbi% heaps = ! disposal ( mat]ial wa/e1 & its jails1 hospitals1 sanatoria1 doss h\ses1 ,salvation ,army ,headqu>t]s1 & *>itable organizations = ! disposal ( ! human excrem5t ( indu/rialism--9 turn+ _! backs ^u ^! ?+s & ass]t+ ! simple elem5ts ( human dignity1 all our radical programs 7 "r & inevitable4 ,to reject :at indu/rial society _h to (f] its memb]s 9 ! fil?y factory di/ricts & wret*$ slums ( ,coket[n 0 obvi\sly to reject b>b>ism & degradation ( ! wor/ sort3 ! incr$ible ?+ ab\t ! indu/rial revolution1 inde$1 is n t !re 7 a few riots "h & !re aga9/ ! use ( ma*9]y1 b t ! indu/rial population has n be5 9 a /ate ( cont9ual insurrection1 & t ! indu/rial t[ns h n be5 loot$ & raz$ aga9 & aga94 ,x is no?+ less ?an a tribute to ! fundam5tal good nature & sweetness ( human be+s t ! /rikes by :i* ! work]s h express$ _! s5se ( grievance h n demoli%$ ! mat]ial hovels t today /& upright 9 ! valleys ( ,york-,rid+1 9 ! valleys ( ! ,ohio & its tribut>ies1 or 9 t t]rible slum :i* /ret*es 9 back ( ! ,j]sey mead[s f ,elizabe? into ,patt]son4 ,!re are _m di/ricts 9 ^! areas :i* are sc>cely wor? ! respect ( ord]ly demolition4 ,to give a grim rejection to ! society t produc$ !m only mildly meets ! situation4 ,!y %\ld be de/roy$ by trumpets & ,god's wra?--l ,j]i*o6 ,s mu* = :at is s\nd & valid 9 ! v>i\s "o-sid$ programs = re=m4 ,b if _! attitude t[>ds ! pa/ p]=mances ( indu/rialism 0 s\nd1 _! ge/ure t[>ds ! future1 & _! attitude t[>ds ! :ole milieu1 0 little less ?an indiff]5t4 ,!re 7 to be c]ta9 ga9s 9 money wages1 9 political control1 9 ! di/ribution ( products1 & s =?2 b ! realization ( ^! ga9s 0 nev] project$ 9 any v vivid way--a vague fell[%ip 9 peace & pl5ty "u gay r$ bann]s 0 all t 0 left ov] :5 ! curr5t ef=ts to 8educate ! masses10 8revise ! con/itution10 or 8organize ! revolution0 7 tak5 = grant$4 ,9 8 ,socialism3 ,utopian & ,sci5tific1 ,fri$ri* ,engels made a plea = a reali/ic me?od ( ?\ght1 :i* limit$ itself to a "h & n[1 z aga9/ :at he d]id$ z ! utopian me?od1 ! attempt on ! "p ( a s+le ?9k] to give a detail$ picture ( ! society ( ! future4 ,yet at ! pres5t "t x is easy to see t if ! utopian socialism ( ,ow5 has be5 ineffective1 ! reali/ic socialism ( ,m>x has be5 equally ineffective2 = :ile ,ow5's k9d ( socialism has be5 p>tly fulfill$ 9 ! co-op]ative movem5t1 ! dictator%ip ( ! prolet>iat re/s ^u v %aky f\ndations1 & su* success z x has _h is due p]haps z mu* to ,m>x's lit]>y picture ( :at x w\ld be l z to any?+ else4 ,i d n d\bt t ! p>tisan movem5ts h a*iev$ _m specific ga9s2 consum]'s co-op]ation alone has 9 ,engl& measurably light5$ ! physical burd5 ( exi/5ce = a great _m p4 ,_! weakness consi/s 9 ! fact t !y h n alt]$ ! cont5ts ( ! mod]n social ord]1 ev5 :5 !y h alt]$ ! me?od ( di/ribution2 & 9 addition1 a good _m ( ^! p>tisan utopias1 = lack ( any def9ite & coh]5t s*eme ( values1 crumble away z soon z !y meet ! opposition ( su* p[]ful collective utopias z ,coket[n or ! ,c\ntry ,h\se4 ,9 ,am]ica1 p>ticul>ly1 ! labor movem5t is p>alyz$ by ?is p]petual movem5t into ! b\rgeoisie--concretely speak+1 into ,suburbia & ! ,c\ntry ,h\se--& 9 ,great ,brita9 mu* ! same sort ( d]eliction c be obs]v$ )9 ! n>r[] gr\p f :i* ! lead]s ( ! trades unions & ! ,labor ,p>ty are drawn4 ,h5ce also ! less int]e/+ problem ( ! ,tir$ ,radical1 :i* ,mr4 ,walt] ,weyl sugge/ively outl9$4 ,!re is inde$ a p]t95t criticism ( ! pap] environm5t ( ,megalopolis1 9 ! t5aci\s way 9 :i* p cont9ue to cl+ to ab/ract programs & to movem5ts :i* nev] approa* p]ceptibly ne>] _! fulfillm5t4 ,! m>vel is t ! concrete utopia ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se has n ex]cis$ a m pot5t influ5ce ?an x actually does4 ,:5 "o comp>es ! va/ am\nt ( agitation dur+ ! la/ c5tury--! ,*>ti/ ,movem5t1 ! ,sociali/ ,movem5t1 ! ,int]national ,peace ,movem5t--) ! actual results 9 ! recon/ruction ( "w1 place1 & p1 or ) ! actual effects any recon/ruction has _h ^u our polity1 our culture1 our art--x is surpris+ t ^! movem5ts h _h any effective claim ^u our allegiance4 ,m5 w inde$ "w = an idea--! notion t !y w n is a sup]/ition--b soon] or lat] ! _s mu/ be made manife/ 9 ! fle%1 & if x nev] comes to bir?1 or at be/ is an abortion1 ! idea is b\nd to )] away4 ,h[ long w\ld ! p>liam5t>y clatt] ( socialism h me*anically kept on--_h x n be5 = ! dislocation ( w>8 ,h[ long c\ld its ab/ract programs h rema9$ 9 ! air1 be=e com+ d[n to specifications8 ,i obvi\sly _c answ] ^! que/ions2 b x seems pla9 en\gh t our radical programs h _h simply a s5tim5tal int]e/3 !y mov$ p )\t giv+ !m a specific task1 !y /irr$ !m emotionally )\t giv+ !m an outlet1 & s1 at be/1 !y are b p>tial utopias ( escape1 us+ ! p[]s ( organization1 collective meet+s1 & pronunciam5tos to take ! place ( ! emotional /imuli :i* ! av[$ utopia ( escape1 l ,news f ,n[h]e1 supplies by introduc+ a beautiful girl4 ,9 ?is aspect1 ! ,sociali/ ,p>ty1 ) its revolution>y dem&s1 did n diff] 9 its psy*ological p]=mance f ! ,republican ,p>ty1 :i* specializ$ 9 ! rhetorical device ( ! full d9n] pail2 nor did x diff] 9 any fundam5tal way f ! defunct ,progressive ,p>ty1 :i* = a "t believ$ 9 a new heav5 & e>? to foll[ ! initiative1 ref]5dum1 & recall ) an int5sity ( moral conviction beside :i* ! social revolutioni/ 0 positively tame4 ,:o d\bts ! hone/y & s9c]ity ( mo/ ( ! memb]s ( ^! p>ties8 ,:o d\bts _! devotion to revolution or 8uplift08 ,x is all beside ! po9t4 ,a ma*9e :i* doesn't "w because x is badly con/ruct$ is j z useless z "o t doesn't "w because its mak] is a delib]ate fraud2 & all ! s9c]ity & good w & hone/y doesn't make any "o a smile ! happi]4 ,x is ab\t "t t we fac$ ! facts & realiz$ t 9 all our sundry me*anisms ( re=m 8!re is a screw loose some:]e40 ,?is pregnant metaphor ( ! indu/rial age is usually appli$ to neurotic disord]2 & ,i am us+ x 9 ! pres5t context ) fell int5tions4 ,i mean t ! utopia ( ! p>tisan is1 psy*ologically speak+1 a feti%2 t is to say1 x is an attempt to sub/itute ! "p = ! :ole1 & to p\r into ! "p all ! emotional cont5t t belongs to ! :ole4 ,:5 a man gets hold ( a lady's h&k]*ief or g>t]1 & behaves t[>ds t object ) z mu* int5sity & int]e/ z he w\ld t[>ds its fle% & blood own]1 ! h&k]*ief or g>t] is said to be a feti%4 ,i haz>d ! judgm5t t ,socialism1 ,prohibition1 ,proportional ,repres5tation1 & ! v>i\s o!r ab/ract 8isms0 are ! feti%es ( ! p>tisan3 !y are attempts to make "s p>ticul> in/rum5t or function ( ! community /& = ! :ole4 ,x is d\btless mu* easi] to fil* a h&k]*ief ?an to w9 a girl4 ,by ! same tok51 x is easi] to conc5trate on ! use ( liquor or ! own]%ip ( ma*9]y & l& ?an ^u ! totality ( a community's activities4 ,x is easi] inde$2 b x is fatal2 = ! result ( ?is feti%ism is p]haps t ! girl rema9s unmat$1 & ! society fails to und]go any fundam5tal *ange4 ,moreov]1 ! re=m+ elem5ts 9 society become incapacitat$ by _! practice ( feti%ism to take a normal "p 9 ! community's activities2 & rema9 s mu* wa/e mat]ial--at be/1 !y w&] betwe5 two worlds1 8"o dead1 ! o!r p[]less to be born40 ,we "k ^! disori5t$ re=m]s1 ^! disillusion$ revolution>ies1 ^! tir$ radicals2 we c\ld m5tion names if x 7 n s ne$less & s cruel4 ,ap>t f any?+ else1 _! orig9al mi/ake 0 to keep _! problem )9 ! comp>tm5t ( politics & economics1 in/ead ( v5t+ x to ! wide _w4 ,!y =got t ! adju/m5t ( "s s+le activity or in/itution1 )\t respect to ! re/1 begg$ ! v difficulty !y 7 try+ to ov]come4 ,if !y 7 anti-milit>i/s1 !y saw ! _w simply z an arm$ camp2 if !y 7 sociali/s1 !y saw x z a gigantic me*anism ( exploitation2 & alas6 !y saw only s mu* ( ! _w z w\ld conv5i5tly fit )9 ^! diagrams4 ,! _w is p]haps an arm$ camp & a me*anism ( exploitation2 x is all t & mu* m2 b any attempt to deal ) x on a :olesale plan by elim9at+ all ! qualify+ elem5ts 9 ! problem is b\nd to enc\nt] ! brute nature ( ?+s2 & if ! nature ( ?+s is ess5tially antagoni/ic1 ! re=m itself w fail4 ,to say all ?is is to emphasize ! obvi\s4 ,if any fur!r emphasis 7 ne$$ x w\ld be necess>y only to comp>e ! doctr9es ( ,m>x1 z exp\nd$ by ,l59 at ! beg9n+ ( ! ,russian ,revolution1 & ! doctr9es ( ,l591 z temp]$ by exp]i5ce & circum/ance a few ye>s lat]4 #c ,!re 0 /ill ano!r weakness t *>act]iz$ all ! p>tisan utopias ( ! n9ete5? c5tury4 ,t weakness 0 _! ext]nalism4 ,if ! m$ival ?9k]s 7 conv9c$ t1 on ! :ole1 no?+ c\ld be done to rectify m5's in/itutions1 :ile m5 !mselves 7 s easily bitt5 by corruption1 _! successors 9 ! n9ete5? c5tury committ$ ! opposite k9d ( error & absurdity3 !y believ$ t human nature 0 unsocial & ob/rep]\s only because ! *ur*1 ! /ate1 or ! in/itution ( prop]ty p]v]t$ e human impulse4 ,m5 l ,r\sseau1 ,b5?am1 ,godw91 ,f\ri]1 & ,ow5 might be miles ap>t f "o ano!r 9 _! criticism ( society1 b !re 0 an und]ly+ cons5sus 9 _! belief 9 human nature4 ,!y look$ ^u human in/itutions z altoge!r ext]nal to m52 ^! 7 s _m /raitjackets t cunn+ rul]s _h ?r[n ov] ! community to make sane & k9dly p behave l madm52 & !y c\ld conceive ( *ang+ ! in/itutions )\t *ang+ ! habits & r$irect+ ! impulses ( ! p by :om & = :om !y _h be5 creat$4 ,if "o devis$ neat political con/itutions1 ) pl5ty ( *ecks & balances1 or laid out paup] colonies & invit$ ! c\ntryside to make use ( !m--well1 all w\ld be to ! good4 ,!re 01 x is true1 "o great exception to ?is notion t in/itutions might be re=m$ )\t1 9 t process1 mak+ ov] m54 ,i ref] to ! belief 9 education :i* accompani$ ^! classic criticisms ( human in/itutions2 = ?is seems to po9t to a p]ception t m5 ne$$ a special tra9+ & discipl9e be=e !y c\ld ent] freely into ! life ( a recon/itut$ community4 ,b ^u exam9ation1 ?is exception melts away4 ,! emphasis 9 ! new programs ( education 0 ^u ! =mal1 in/itutional acquirem5t ( ! app>atus ( k2 & !y1 too1 began ) ! clean slate ( a new g5]ation1 :]eas ! critical difficulty 0 t ( gett+ ! adult community suffici5tly educat$1 9 a reali/ic s5se1 to be able to make ov] its educational in/itutions2 & 9 ?is respect ! re=m]s 7 j z mu* 9 ,cuckool& z--well1 ,campanella4 ,s x foll[s t ! ,c\ntry ,h\se & ,coket[n %>$ honors 9 build+ up ! new educational organizations2 & ! outcome ( ! sort ( education t ! public s*ool & college provid$ 0 to make ^! r$\btable utopias practically unassailable4 ,besides1 !re 7 ! adults3 consid] ,rob]t ,ow56 ,rob]t ,ow51 "o ( ! mo/ sangu9e advocates ( popul> education1 0 himself a liv+ example ( ! ne$ = a diff]5t k9d ( discipl9e ?an 8 n>r[ & homiletic m9d1 ) its *ildi% int]pretation ( religi\s belief & its equally *ildi% rationalism1 0 capable ( fram+4 ,no "o ev] fru/rat$ s _m good ideas1 f ! plan ( g>d5 cities d[n to ! project = co-op]ative production ?an ?is same ,ow51 ^: bumpti\sness1 arrogance1 & conceit 7 b\nd to provoke reactions 9 o!r p :i* w\ld h defeat$ ! plans ( ,omnipot5ce itself4 ,! capital difficulty 0 to get any sort ( social improvem5t 9 a _w t 0 full ( refractory ,ow5s4 ,a locomotive may1 9 a s5se1 be a m p]fect ?+ ?an ! man :o made x2 b no social ord] c be bett] ?an ! human be+s :o take "p 9 x2 = :]eas ! locomotive c /& ap>t f its op]atives & p]=m all its functions effectively ev5 if ! work]s !mselves are defici5t 9 e o!r respect ?an me*anics1 ) a social ord] ! product & ! produc] cont9ue to be "o4 ,n m]ely does a community ne$ a ,buddha1 let u say1 be=e x c produce ,buddhism2 x ne$s a :ole succession ( ,buddhas if ! religion itself is n to fritt] away into ! hide\s ecclesia/ical gr9d x became 9 ,?ibet4 ,?is pr9ciple has a g5]al application4 ,! social critics ( ! la/ c5tury confus$ ! me*anical problem ( trans=m+ an in/itution or ( creat+ a new organization ) ! p]sonal & social problem ( spurr+ p to effect ! trans=mation & see x ?r\gh4 ,_! tactics 7 ^? ( a g5]al :o w\ld g into battle )\t tra9+ 8 army2 _! /rategy 0 t ( ! demagogue :o talks ( a million arm$ m5 spr++ up ov]night4 ,! p]sonal problem1 ! problem ( education1 0 z easy z t6 ,if we are to acc\nt = ! pov]ty ( our a*ievem5ts 9 r5ovat+ ! community1 9 contra/ ) ! enorm\s am\nt ( q ju/ifiable economic & political agitation1 rese>*1 & criticism1 x is p]haps n altoge!r fair to put ! entire burd5 ( failure ^u ! p>tisan's lop-sid$ utopia4 ,! plans ( our re=m]s h inde$ be5 weak & j]rybuilt 9 !mselves2 b t is n all4 ,:at has p]haps be5 ev5 m conspicu\sly lack+ has be5 p :o are accessible to ! exi/+ k1 p ^: m9ds h be5 tra9$ to play freely ) ! facts1 p :o h le>n$ ! f9e & exact+ art ( co-op]at+ ) _! fell[s2 p :o are z critical ( _! own m5tal processes & habits ( behavior z !y are ( ! in/itutions !y wi% to alt]4 ,z ,viola ,paget says3 8,! bulk ( ?9k+ & feel+ int5d$ to help on human improvem5t has n really be5 good en\gh = ! purpose4 ,n good en\gh 9 ! s5se ( n suffici5tly imp]sonal & discipl9$40 ,betwe5 our programs1 our utopias1 & _! fulfillm5t !re has usually dropt a ?ick veil ( p]sonalities2 & 7 ! plan itself ! collaborate product ( ! be/ m9ds ( ! race2 z ,mr4 ,h4 ,g4 ,wells satirically pictur$ 9 ,boon1 x w\ld /ill h to take its *ances ) ! wild asses ( ! devil t human weakness1 apa?y1 gre$1 lu/ = p[]1 might release4 ,walt ,:itman said ( ,c>lyle t beh9d ! tally ( 8 "w & g5ius /ood ! /oma*1 & gave a sort ( ca/+ vote4 ,s "o may say ( e social movem5t1 t beh9d ! tally ( its !oretic backgr\nd & its concrete programs /& human be+s--hale & sick1 neurotic & /able1 well-int5tion$ & malici\s--& give ! ca/+ vote4 ,anyone :o has read an important book1 & !n met ! au?or1 :o has respect$ an app>5tly significant social movem5t1 & !n met ! lead]s beh9d ! sc5es1 w realize h[ frequ5t is ! difficulty ( reconcil+ !oretic agreem5t ) ! inaccessibilities & prejudices & repugnances ( p>ticul> p]sonalities4 ,no "o c jo9 ! "w ( ev5 ! mo/ trivial sort ( committee--be x a delegation to %ake h&s ) ! ,congressman or a body designat$ to revise ! rules ( a t5nis club--)\t discov]+ h[ ! "w 9 h& is p]petually be+ balk$ & div]t$ by ! play ( p]sonalities4 ,x is n a little significant t popul> spee* gives ! ^w 8p]sonalities0 a d]ogatory mean+4 ,aga9 & aga9 ! success or failure 9 l>ge collaborations h+es ^u human factors t h no be>+ on ! "q at issue4 ,pope's satiric words ab\t wret*es hang+ t jurym5 may d9e t\*es ! po9t neatly4 ,our programs = recon/ruction t h n reckon$ ) ! p]petual cuss$ness ( human nature & h no me?od = exorcis+ x are z %all[ z ^? old] !ologies :i* s\ght to make m5 live 9 grace )\t alt]+ ! social ord] 9 :i* !y function$4 ,p]haps !y c\ld le>n some?+ f ! /ory ( t anci5t agitator :o cur$ ! bl9d1 ! maim$1 ! sick1 & ! halt be=e he bade !m ent] into ! ,k+dom ( ,heav54 ,em]son well said 9 8 essay on ,man ! ,re=m] t x 0 /upid to expect any real or p]man5t *ange f any social program :i* 0 unable to reg5]ate or conv]t--^! are religi\s phases = a common psy*ological ph5om5on--! p :o are to eng9e] x & c>ry x ?r\gh4 ,x w\ld be s easy1 ?is bus9ess ( mak+ ov] ! _w1 if x 7 only a matt] ( creat+ ma*9]y4 ,!re has probably nev] be5 lack+ ! sort ( en]gy & tal5t t is ne$$ = ?is sort ( "w2 & at any rate1 dur+ ! la/ ?ree c5turies1 ) ! gr[? ( te*nology1 ! me*anical s]vices at ! comm& ( our eng9e]s & organiz]s are huge & adequate4 ,un=tunately1 we are /ill 9 ! same dit* t ,c>lyle mordantly po9t$ out 9 8 essay on ,*>act]i/ics3 ,giv5 a _w ( knaves1 we are try+ by v>i\s cunn+ devices to produce an hone/y f _! unit$ action4 ,i d n %>e ,c>lyle's contempt = human nature 9 ! raw1 b he is q "r1 ,i believe1 9 mak+ fun ( ! sup]ficiality ( our p>tisan utopias4 ,^! utopias 7 s conc]n$ to alt] ! %ell ( ! community's in/itutions t !y neglect$ to pay att5tion to ! habits ( ! creature itself--or its habitat4 ,t is :y me*anical devices play su* an important "p1 p]haps1 9 all ^! utopias1 f ,j]emy ,b5?am1 ) 8 ,panopticon me?od ( re=m+ crim9als1 d[n to ! hide\s cog-&-:eel utopia ( ,edw>d ,bellamy4 ,! conceptions ( human life t our re=m+ gr\ps h _h h be5 pretty ?9 & unsatisfy+4 ,any adequate conception ( a new social ord] w\ld1 x seems to me1 include ! sc5]y1 ! actors1 & ! play4 ,x is a m>k ( our immaturity t we nev] seem able to get beyond ! sc5e %ift+4 ,our social !ori/s1 9 s f> z !y consid] ! actors at all1 are incl9$ to treat !m z me*anical puppets4 ,z = ! play itself--! univ]sal drama ( c\rt%ip & trial & adv5ture & conte/ & a*ievem5t1 9 :i* e human be+ is pot5tially ! h]o or h]o9e--! play itself has h>dly ent]$ into _! consci\sness4 ,_! values h n be5 human values3 !y h be5 su* values z h be5 au!nticat$ by comm]ce & indu/ry1 values su* z effici5cy1 fair wages1 & :at n4 ,^!1 at any rate1 h be5 ! imm$iate objects ( ef=t1 & if human values hung vaguely 9 ! backgr\nd1 !y 7 to be realiz$ 9 a di/ant & unasc]ta9able future4 ,s "o (t5 feels t no matt] h[ base & det]iorat$ ! mod]n community is1 x nev]!less reta9s 9 its totality a great] measure ( human values ?an _m ( ! gr\ps t h attack$ its inadequacy h to (f]4 ,all ?is comes out pretty pla9ly 9 ! attitude ( ! labor gr\ps t[>ds ! curr5t situation4 ,:e!r !y are organiz$ = political action or = indu/rial w>f>e1 _! aims are curi\sly simil>4 ,9 ! v act ( cont5d+ aga9/ ! pres5t ord]1 !y h accept$ ! ends = :i* t ord] /&s & h be5 cont5t to dem& simply t !y be univ]saliz$4 ,?is p]haps acc\nts = ! ess5tial uncreativ5ess ( ! labor movem5t4 ,by a revolution !y d n mean a transvaluation ( values3 !y mean a dilution & spread+ out ( e/abli%$ practices & in/itutions4 ,!re may inde$ be pl5ty ( excuse = ?is attitude 9 any p>ticul> situation--a gr\p ( unorganiz$ & semi-de/itute work]s su* z ^? 9 _m ,am]ican /eel plants--b ! wor/ ( x is t ?is attitude *>act]izes ! m advanc$ & economically secure gr\ps1 & creeps into su* ultimate programs z "o c d$uce f attempts to create work]s' educational in/itutions--z if a *ange 9 own]%ip or ! balance ( p[] w\ld alt] ! face ( ,coket[n s t its fires w\ld no long] burn & its c9d]s no long] smut4 ,i h emphasiz$ :at is ! weakness1 z x seems to me1 ( ! labor movem5t2 n because ,i am necess>ily out ( sympa?y ) any p>ticul> measure t might be propos$1 b because x illu/rates ^u an enorm\s scale ! po9t :i* ,i desire to make4 ,! prohibition movem5t1 or ! *>ity organization movem5t--t[>ds bo? ( :i* ,i feel1 on ! contr>y1 a cordial antipa?y--w\ld s]ve j z well = illu/ration2 = !y all h ?is common di/9ction3 !y lack any explicit1 consci\sly project$ humane ends :i* w\ld make any p>ticul> measure t !y might (f] ju/ifi$4 #d ,let me n[ anticipate ! answ] :i* ?is criticism w probably meet4 ,to "s p x w seem t ! curr5t movem5ts = re=m are inevitably secul>2 t !y h no bus9ess to conc]n !mselves ) ! ultimate fai? ( m52 t !y inevitably deal ) a limit$ "h & n[1 a doll> m ( wages1 a drop less ( liquor1 a t\* m ( uni=mity1 & s =?4 ,9 %ort1 our p>tial utopias ne$ n conc]n !mselves ) any ( ! que/ions t h to d ) ! life ( ! _s4 ,! simple answ] to ?is crude philosophy is--s mu* ! worse = !m4 ,! brea* betwe5 ! in/itutions t deal ) ! mat]ial life & ^? t deal ) ! ideal life results ei!r 9 a complete dissociation1 by :i* ea* set ( in/itutions becomes p>alytic & imbecile2 or1 z s (t5 happ5s1 9 a capitulation ( ! spiritual p[] to ! temporal1 & its complete engrossm5t 9 temporal ends4 ,i am aw>e t ^! phrases1 8spiritual0 & 8temporal10 h a c]ta9 old-fa%ion$ smell2 b !y precisely express my mean+3 x is pla9 t e community conta9s ! correspond+ in/itutions--"o gr\p be+ devot$ to values & ! o!r to means4 ,:5 our re=ms are n t\*$ by a s5se ( values1 ! result is t purely temporal ends are tak5 z ultimate1 & we h su* notions z effici5cy or organization reg>d$ z ! v t\*/one ( social improvem5t4 ,?is is sc>cely an improvem5t ov] ! old ord] ( ?+s1 ) :i* we are n[ s dismally famili>--! /ate 9 :i* our values 7 n f]tiliz$ by any int]c\rse ) ! concrete & actual _w ab\t u1 & s rema9$ remote & /]ile4 ,9 %ort1 unless our re=m]s conc]n !mselves ) ! ultimate values ( m51 ) :at con/itutes a good life1 !y are b\nd to p&] to su* imm$iate fai?s & sup]/itions z ! ,national ,/ate1 ,effici5cy1 or ! ,:ite ,man's ,burd54 #e ,!re is a f9al criticism ( ! p>tial utopias3 our "o-sid$ re=ms h _h ?is fatal defect--!y are "o-sid$4 ,?is p>tisan%ip 0 express$ by _! relation to ! facts ^u :i* _! programs 7 bas$1 & 9 _! attitude t[>ds ! p :o 7 to be affect$ by !m4 ,! mood ( p>tisan%ip has be5 t ( a lawy] :o is gett+ up an argum5t & is look+ = su* facts z w bol/] up 8 case4 ,t mood is inimical to free & intellig5t ?\ght3 its object is rhetorical triumph4 ,n[ x happ5s t 9 all ! matt]s :i* intimately conc]n a community1 a p]son's attitude t[>ds ! facts n m]ely seems m important ?an ! facts !mselves1 b seems s deuc$ly important t ! facts are ignor$4 ,! attitude ( a gr\p ( ,s\!rn :ites :o w lyn* a negro on ! report t he has rap$ a :ite woman be=e !y inve/igate ! tru? ( ! ass]tion is a be/ial exagg]ation ( a v natural human t5d5cy4 ,m5 are built = action r ?an ?\ght2 or r1 s9ce ?\ght1 on ! psy*ologi/'s int]pretation1 is inhibit$ action1 ! bus9ess ( inhibition naturally comes a little h>d to u2 & :5 we are 9 a place :]e we h ! r\gh *oice ( pu%+ ?r\gh ! ob/acle1 "u a /rong impulse ( res5tm5t 7in/9ct ( pugnacity7 or may quietly )draw f ! ob/acle1 survey x1 & frame a plan ( action to circumv5t x1 our fundam5tal impulse is to foll[ ! fir/ mode4 ,x is easy to see1 = example1 h[ ! hide\s human suff]+ :i* accompani$ ! gr[? ( ! capitali/ organization--& /ill exi/s6--caus$ ! sociali/s to conc5trate att5tion ^u ! subjects ( own]%ip & pr(its1 & long bl9d$ !m to ! specific problems ( organization1 di/ribution1 & control )9 ! indu/ries t might be affect$ by ! program ( socialization4 ,?is conc5tration ^u ! p>ticul> aspect ( a problem1 l ! conc5tration ^u a p>ticul> aspect ( ! solution1 has ! weakness ( ignor+ ! total situation1 & x too crudely simplifies ! difficulties4 ,9 _! ha/e to arrive at solutions & rem$ies--= ! life ( man is %ort & ! ne$s ( ! mom5t are press+--! p>tisans neglect to make a complete tally ( ! facts2 & !y are too ready to let 8common k0 take ! place ( a ?or\gh inve/igation ( ! data4 ,?is weakness arises out ( an almo/ in/9ctive t5d5cy t[>ds p>tisan%ip2 & x is "o ( ! reasons t p>tisan%ip cont9ues4 ,if no?+ else prev5ts gr\ps f gett+ toge!r1 _! failure to agree ab\t ! facts1 & _! lack ( a me?od = gett+ at ! facts & focuss+ !m1 is responsible4 ,if an exam9ation ( ! facts did no?+ else1 x might %[ at lea/ ! impossibility ( draw+ any conclusion f !m1 & x might w>n ! p>tisan to /ep w>ily4 ,?us ! te/imony t 0 (f]$ = & aga9/ ,prohibition came f fairly high au?orities on bo? sides2 & if !re _h be5 any?+ l "r reason 9 ! /rategically /rong] camp1 x w\ld h conv9c$ ^? :o 7 int]e/$ 9 ! welf>e ( ! community t no?+ c\ld be wisely done :ile ! v basis = judgm5t--sci5tific k z to ! place ( alcoholic /imuli 9 ! life ( ! human organism--_h n be5 e/abli%$4 ,x is ( c\rse conceivable t m5 w qu>rel & split :5 !y are fully appris$ ( ! facts3 we may well rememb] ! /ory ( ! ,briti% ambassador :o confess$ to 8 ,fr5* colleague t ! reason he did n get on v well ) ! ,am]icans 0 t bo? c\ntries un=tunately spoke ! same language2 b x is inconceivable t !y %\ld ev] rea* an intellig5t agreem5t be=e !y are 9 common possession ( ! facts4 ,by ignor+ ! necessity = sub/antiat+ 8 claims & ass]tions ! p>tisan frequ5tly n m]ely fails to see 8 :ole problem 9 all its implications1 b also prev5ts any "o else f see+ x4 ,ev5 :5 ! p>tisan is n int5tionally bl9d1 he lacks ! discipl9e :i* is ess5tial to an op5-ey$ judgm5t ( ! case4 ,:at t discipl9e may be ,i %all attempt to discuss 9 ! next *apt]4 ,! second weakness ( p>tisan%ip is t x breaks ! community into v]tical divisions1 & promotes fictiti\s antagonisms & k9%ips :i* run aga9/ ! horizontal affiliations & loyalties ( a man's life4 ,?is t5d5cy 0 nicely illu/rat$ 9 a play by ,mr4 ,/4 ,john ,erv9e1 call$ ,mix$ ,m>riage1 :i* dealt ) ! love affair ( a "y girl & a "y man :o 7 sep>at$ by ! religions t _h be5 h&$ d[n by _! p>5ts4 ,9 ,mr4 ,erv9e's wret*$ little ,ul/] community1 ^! religions s]v$ z an excuse to keep p f be+ fri5dly & dec5t to _! neighbors4 ,n[ x is obvi\s t mat+1 & mak+ fri5ds ) ^? :o h common int]e/s & s5tim5ts1 & mix+ freely )9 ! :ole community1 are highly important horizontal int]e/s2 !y t5d to unite p 9 a common bond :i* is fundam5tal = ! reason t ^! int]e/s & activities are ess5tially human4 ,! antagonism betwe5 two ,*ri/ian sects1 on ! o!r h&1 und]m9es ! good life z a :ole1 because x insi/s t !re is no o!r good ?an a religi\s good--a good embodi$ 9 a pope1 or 9 ! practice ( sc(f+ at a pope--:ile x is obvi\s to anyone :o has possession ( 8 s5ses t kiss+ a pretty girl is good1 & hav+ a fri5dly pipe ) "o's neighbor is good1 & t in/itutions :i* prev5t "o f do+ ^! ?+s at appropriate times are p]v]t$ & antisocial4 ,x is true t p :o emphasize religi\s int]e/s take 8high gr\nd10 z ! say+ is1 & t ^? :o value ! fri5dly pipe seem by implication to take l[ gr\nd3 b :at ! p>tisans fail to see is t !re is a good human case = l[ gr\nd1 & t1 = ! great majority ( p x may prove to be n m]ely ! only practicable gr\nd1 b 9 its own "r a good & suffici5t "o4 ,n[ = ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant 9 ,mr4 ,/4 ,john ,erv9e's play "o may sub/itute ,democrat & ,republican1 ,:ite ,gu>d & ,r$ ,gu>d1 ,sociali/ & ,f9anci]1 ,prohibitioni/ & anti-,prohibitioni/ & ! results w be j z deplorably ! same4 ,!re are any numb] ( int]e/s 9 a well-wr\ght life :i* lie altoge!r beyond ^! categories1 & x is ! *ief misdemeanor ( p>tisanism1 z oppos$ to utopianism1 t x t5ds to slight ^! g5]al int]e/s1 & ei!r br+ !m into ! s]vice ( ! 8ism0 or urge t !y be neglect$ 9 devotion to ! 8cause40 ,! fir/ me?od has be5 us$ by ! apo/les ( nationalism4 ,! ,national ,/ate1 recogniz+ t art & culture & sci5ce c\ld n be altoge!r engross$ 9 ! /rategy ( political w>f>e1 promptly put ^! goods 9 ! pigeon hole labell$ national res\rces4 ,! p>tisans ( ! ,/ate talk$ ab\t ,am]ican sci5ce z oppos$ to ,g]man sci5ce1 ( ,italian art z oppos$ to ,fr5* art2 & ?us emphasiz$ ! ?+s :i* m5 9 ,am]ica _h ) o!r ,am]icans 9 ord] to m>k (f m cle>ly ! ?+s !y _h ap>t f m5 ( simil> int]e/s 9 o!r c\ntries4 ,! same ?+ happ5$ 9 ! ,russian communi/ /ate1 ) its attempt to set aside ! common cultural h]itage ( mank9d at l>ge & def9e a purely prolet>ian culture4 ,! results 9 e case are1 ,i believe1 incurably mis*iev\s2 & ^? :o w\ld promote ! good life mu/ cease ?is infantile practice ( ass]t+ va9ly t 8my fa!r kn[s m ?an y\r fa!r10 8my "m is m beautiful ?an y\r "m0--& s on4 ,= ! mo/ "p ! second me?od has be5 indefatigably us$4 ,9 ! political /ate ! p>tisans make a great %[ ( ! gulf :i* sep>ates ! political p>ty 9 p[] f t :i* is outside1 & e o!r int]e/ 9 life is suppos$ to be second>y to ?is abysmal cleavage4 ,9 relatively crude communities1 l ! ,unit$ ,/ates & ,irel&1 ^! diff]5ces seem to be tak5 by ! great mass ( p at _! face value2 :]eas 9 ,engl&1 :i* at lea/ has ! virtues ( disillusion1 x is ! great tradition ( ,p>liam5t t all ! animosities ( ! floor are ignor$ 9 ! b> ( ! ,h\se ( ,commons1 :ile all ! cong5ialities & convivialities t b9d m5 toge!r are emphasiz$4 ,le/ ,i be accus$ ( prejudice :]e none exi/s1 let me add t 9 ! mo/ sub/antial recon/ruction movem5t t ,irel& possesses--,i ref] to agricultural co-op]ation z promot$ by ,sir ,horace ,plunkett & ,a4 ,e4--! horizontal int]e/s :i* b9d m5 toge!r z f>m]s & memb]s ( a local community are successfully emphasiz$ to ! exclusion ( irrelevant v]tical diff]5ces1 at lea/ 9 matt]s t\*+ ! organization & conduct ( ! ,iri% ,agricultural ,organization ,society2 & t1 z f> z ,i c see1 ?is s+le organization has done m to promote ! good life 9 ,irel& ?an any o!r in/itution1 ) ! possible exception ( ! equally non-p>tisan lit]>y association :i* grew up 9 ,dubl9 "u ! lead]%ip ( ,a4 ,e41 ,william ,butl] ,yeats1 ,lady ,gregory1 & ! re/ ( t f9e & glori\s crew4 ,obvi\sly1 x is n altoge!r = no?+ t m5 h jo9$ toge!r 9 v]tical organizations :i* are z broad z a cont95t1 let u say1 or ! ,european _w4 ,!re is a s5se 9 :i* ! ,*ri/ians ( ,j]usalem h m 9 common ) ! ,*ri/ians ( ,rome ?an !y h ) ! ,jews & ,mohamm$ans ( _! local region4 ,9 ! same way1 ,i f9d myself m deeply drawn to c]ta9 fri5ds ( m9e 9 ,bombay & ,london ?an ,i am t[>ds my next door neighbor1 ) :om ! only recognizable bond is our common animus aga9/ a rapaci\s l&lord4 ,s long z ! v]tical affiliation ) p ( ! same views 9 politics or religion or philosophy is a spiritual affiliation a great deal ( good may come out ( x4 ,:51 h[ev]1 ! ?+s t draw p toge!r z memb]s ( a v]tical gr\p are us$ z a means ( inflict+ simil> op9ions or practices ^u ! local community1 )\t respect to its regional qualities1 ! results are little less ?an disa/r\s4 ,! ra9 falls on ! j & ! unju/2 m ?an t1 ! food t we gr[1 ! h\ses t we build1 ! roads t we lay d[n1 ! ?\ghts t we ?9k1 belong to u z memb]s ( ! human species :o h inh]it$ ! e>? & ! fullness !re(2 & x is absurd to let diff]5ces 9 our idola prev5t u f p>ticipat+ equally 9 ?is common h]itage4 ,at long la/1 ! ?+s t unite human be+s z human be+s1 ! social inh]itance t enables !m to realize _! /ature z human be+s1 are m important ?an any p>ticul> elem5t t ! p>tisan may lay hold (4 ,:e!r our p>tisanism consi/s 9 be+ fir/ & =emo/ an ,am]ican or fir/ & =emo/ a ,!osophi/1 x t5ds to limit ! _w ) :i* we may h comm]ce & s impov]i%es ! p]sonality4 ,! p]son :o insi/s ^u be+ a hundr$ p] c5t4 ,am]ican has by t v emphasis become some?+ less ?an half a man4 ,by fa/5+ att5tion ^u a segm5t ( ! _w1 ! p>tisan creates a segm5t ( a p]sonality4 ,x is ^! segm5ts or sects t any movem5t :i* aims at a g5]al good 9 ! community mu/ cont5d aga9/4 ,s long z "w = ! common welf>e meets ) irrelevant p>tisanisms1 s long w we lack ! means ( creat+ :ole m5 & wom52 & s long w ! ma9 conc]ns ( civilization be side-track$4 #f ,:at a vision ^! p>tisan utopias pres5t6 ,!y are l ! scatt]$ bones t ! prophet saw 9 ! t]rible valley1 & "o d\bts :e!r ev5 ! brea? ( ! ,"l c\ld knit !m toge!r aga9 into real bodies4444 ,"o ( ^! p>tisan utopias issues f a bundle ( r$-tape2 ev]y?+ is fil$ & ticket$ & labell$ !re2 & any?+ 9 life t _c be treat$ 9 ?is fa%ion does n exi/4 ,ano!r is a me*anical contraption2 someh[ x seems to litt] little me*anical contraptions2 & its aim is1 x w\ld seem1 to d away ) vegetation & reproduction1 s t ev]y?+ "u ! sun might be p]=m$ ) ! /]ile accuracy ( ! ma*9e4 ,a ?ird utopia ( ! p>tisan calls human be+s1 ) all _! color & ?ickness1 8individuals10 & makes ! good life a matt] ( legal relation%ips )\t any reg>d to _! necessities 9 "t & space2 su* a utopia c\ld almo/ be c>ri$ 9 "o's pocket1 s mu* is x a matt] ( v]bal /atem5t4 ,we ne$ n g d[n ! l9e4 ,s+ly1 x is pla9 t n "o ( ^! utopias w\ld create a happy community2 :ile if all ( ^! p>tisanisms c\ld be realiz$ ! result c\ld sc>cely be any?+ else ?an discord--su* a discord z n[ exi/s & e day becomes m rauc\s4 ,x w\ld seem t we are at an impasse4 ,ev5 if ,i h absurdly exagg]at$ ! futility ( ! re=m]s & revolution>ies1 _! lack ( any fundam5tal program & _! inability to conceive an ess5tial reori5tation 9 mod]n society1 come out pretty pla9ly4 ,if our analysis did n prove ?is1 ! atmosph]e ( disillusion :i* we brea! today1 & :i* p]meates e bran* ( lit]ature1 w\ld tell z mu*4 ,9 s f> z we h accept$ ! mod]n social ord] we are 9 ru92 & ! next w> t n[ ?reat5s w1 if x actually comes to pass1 only c>ry ! ru9 a little fur!r4 ,9 s f> z we h p9n$ our hopes to curr5t movem5ts = recon/ruction or revolution1 our plans are sickly & debilitat$4 ,9 fact1 ! only g5u9e signs ( life seem to be 9 regions l ,irel&1 ,d5m>k1 ,india1 & ,*9a1 :i* h /ood outside ! movem5t ( indu/rial civilization & h reta9$ ! values ( an ord] :i* else:]e has be5 und]m9$ & almo/ de/roy$4 ,x is n a pretty situation to face2 & small wond] t we are s sl[ & s reluctant to face x4 ,:i*ev] way we look1 bankruptcy seems to ?reat5 u4 ,x is "t we endeavor$ to ca% 9 ! pap] r\bles ( ! p>tisan4 ,if our civilization is to hold toge!r we mu/ place its intellectual curr5cy on a new basis2 we mu/ ex*ange our ab/ract idealisms1 our ab/ract programs1 our pap]iz$ pursuit ( happ9ess = "s ( ! gold5 co9age ( life1 ev5 ?\gh we _c h our gold )\t mix+ x ) bas] metals4 ,,*apt] ,,twelve ,h[ ! half-worlds g1 & h[ eutopia may come2 & :at we ne$ be=e we c build ,j]usalem 9 any gre5 & pleasant l&4 ,,*apt] ,,twelve #a ,! sort ( ?9k+ t has creat$ our utopias has plac$ desire above reality2 & s _! *ief fulfillm5t has be5 9 ! realm ( fantasy4 ,?is is true ( ! classic utopias t we h survey$1 & x is true--?\gh n p]haps q s app>5t--( ! p>tial utopias t 7 =mulat$ by ! v>i\s recon/ruction movem5ts dur+ ! la/ c5tury4 ,:ile ! classic utopias h s f> be5 ne>] to reality t !y h project$ a :ole community1 liv+ & work+ & mat+ & spann+ ! gamut ( man's activity1 _! projections h nev]!less be5 lit]ally up 9 ! air1 s9ce !y did n usually arise out ( any real environm5t or attempt to meet ! conditions t ?is environm5t pres5t$4 ,?is defect has be5 sugge/$ by ! v "n ( ,utopia1 = z ,pr(essor ,patrick ,g$des po9ts out1 ,sir ,?omas ,m 0 an invet]ate pun/]1 & ,utopia is a mock-"n = ei!r ,outopia1 :i* means no-place1 or ,eutopia--! good place4 ,x is "t to br+ our utopian idola & our ev]yday _w into contact2 inde$1 x is high "t1 = ! idola t h s f> s]v$ u are n[ dis9tegrat+ s rapidly t our m5tal _w w soon be z empty ( useful furniture z a des]t$ h\se1 :ile :olesale dilapidation & ru9 ?reat5 ! in/itutions t once seem$ p]man5t4 ,unless we c weave a new patt]n = our lives ! outlook = our civilization is almo/ z dismal z ,h]r ,sp5gl] f9ds x 9 ,d] ,unt]gang des ,ab5dl&es4 ,our *oice is n betwe5 eutopia & ! _w z x is1 b betwe5 eutopia & no?+--or r1 no?+ness4 ,o!r civilizations h prov$ inimical to ! good life & h fail$ & pa/ away2 & !re is no?+ b our own w-to-eutopia to prev5t u f foll[+ !m4 ,if ?is dissipation ( ,we/]n ,civilization is to cease1 ! fir/ /ep 9 recon/ruction is to make ov] our inn] _w1 & to give our k & our projections a new f\ndation4 ,! problem ( realiz+ ! pot5tial p[]s ( ! community--:i* is ! fundam5tal problem ( eutopian recon/ruction--is n simply a matt] ( economics or eug5ics or e?ics z ! v>i\s speciali/ ?9k]s & _! political foll[]s h emphasiz$4 ,max ,be]1 9 8 ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,socialism1 po9ts out t ,bacon look$ = ! happ9ess ( mank9d *iefly 9 ! application ( sci5ce & indu/ry4 ,b by n[ x is pla9 t if ?is alone 7 suffici5t1 we c\ld all live 9 heav5 tomorr[4 ,be] po9ts out t ,m1 on ! o!r h&1 look$ to social re=m & religi\s e?ics to trans=m society2 & x is equally pla9 t if ! s\ls ( m5 c\ld be trans=m$ )\t alt]+ _! mat]ial & in/itutional activities1 ,*ri/ianity1 ,mohamm$anism1 & ,buddhism might h creat$ an e>?ly p>adise almo/ any "t ?is la/ two ?\s& ye>s4 ,! tru? is1 z ,be] sees1 t ^! two conceptions are /ill at w> ) ea* o!r3 idealism & sci5ce cont9ue to function 9 sep>ate comp>tm5ts2 & yet 8! happ9ess ( man on e>?0 dep5ds ^u _! comb9ation4 ,if we are to build up g5u9e eutopias1 in/ead ( p]mitt+ ourselves to patt]n our behavior 9 t]ms ( fake utopias l ,coket[n1 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se1 ! ,national ,/ate1 & all ! o!r p>tial & inadequate my?s to :i* we h giv5 allegiance1 we mu/ exam9e anew ! idola :i* w assi/ u 9 recon/itut+ our environm5t4 ,s we are =c$ to consid] ! place ( sci5ce & art 9 our social life1 & to discuss :at mu/ be done 9 ord] to make !m be> m concretely ^u 8! improvem5t ( man's e/ate40 #b ,!re 0 a "t :5 ! _w ( k & ! _w ( dreams 7 n sep>at$2 :5 ! arti/ & ! sci5ti/1 = all practical purposes1 saw ! 8outside _w0 ?r\gh ! same k9d ( spectacles4 ,:at we call 8sci5ce0 today 0 9 its primitive /ate "p & p>cel ( t common /ock ( k & belief :i* makes up a community's lit]ature1 or1 z ,dr4 ,beattie ,crozi] w\ld h said1 its 8,bible40 ,! dep>ture ( sci5ce f ?is ma9 body ( lit]ature beg9s = ! ,we/]n ,_w1 probably1 ) ! dea? ( ,plato & ! in/itution ( ,ari/otle's collections 9 natural hi/ory2 & f t po9t onw>ds ! sep>ate sci5ces1 increas+ly isolate !mselves f ! g5]al body ( k1 & utilize me?ods :i* _h be5 unkn[n to ! e>li] philosoph]s & sages2 s t by ! "t ! tw5tie? c5tury dawns ! process ( diff]5tiation has be5 complet$1 & philosophy1 once ! comp5dium ( ! sci5ces1 has disappe>$ except z a sort ( impalpable1 visc\s residue4 ,:5 ,ari/otle divid$ 8 writ+ into ! exot]ic & esot]ic gr\ps1 into ! popul> & ! sci5tific1 he def9itely recogniz$ ! exi/5ce ( two sep>ate bran*es ( lit]ature1 two diff]5t ways ( tak+ acc\nt ( ! _w1 two disp>ate me?ods ( approa*+ its problems4 ,! fir/ bran* 0 t ( ! philosoph]s1 ! prophets1 ! poets1 & ! pla9 p4 ,its backgr\nd 0 ! g5]ality ( human exp]i5ce3 its me?ods 7 ^? ( discussion & conf]5ce3 its crit]ia 7 ^? ( =mal dialectics3 its int]e/s 7 specifically ^? ( ! community1 & no?+ human 0 =eign to x4 ,) ! petrification ( ,greek ?\ght t foll[$ ! collapse ( ! ,alex&rian s*ool1 ! second bran* 0 sl[ 9 com+ into its own4 ,z late z ! eighte5? c5tury its adh]5ts 7 call$ natural philosoph]s1 to di/+ui% !m f ! m humane v>iety2 & x is only ) ! n9ete5? c5tury t ! subject became univ]sally kn[n z sci5ce & its practition]s z sci5ti/s4 ,9 ! ,phdrus ,socrates _h express$ ! humani/ outlook ( lit]ature by say+3 8,trees & fields1 y "k1 _c tea* me any?+1 b m5 9 ! city c40 ,! %orte/ way ( describ+ ! attitude ( sci5ce is to say t x resolutely turn$ its back on m5 9 ! city & devot$ itself to ! trees & fields & />s & ! re/ ( brute nature4 ,if x paid att5tion to m5 at all x saw !m--if we may abuse an old quotation--z trees walk+4 ,socrates _h said3 ,"k ?yself4 ,! sci5ti/ said3 ,"k ! _w t lies outside man's dom9ion4 ,z sci5ce progress$ ^! attitudes became m rigid1 un=tunately1 & a conflict grew up betwe5 lit]ature & sci5ce1 betwe5 ! humanities & natural philosophy1 :i* has giv5 bo? art & sci5ce ! peculi> twi/ we %all pres5tly exam9e4 ,n[ ! developm5ts 9 mod]n sci5ce g back1 ?r\gh ! ,arabic ?9k]s1 to anci5t ,greece2 b ! great advances t h be5 made date back sc>cely ?ree c5turies4 ,on ! basis ( ! precise k ( physical relations :i* became available 9 ma!matics1 physics1 me*anics1 & *emi/ry ! />tl+ *anges :i* h be5 crudely labell$ ! 8indu/rial revolution0 7 c>ri$ ?r\gh4 ,if ! ess5tial relation%ip betwe5 ! _w ( ideas & ! _w ( action 7 ev] 9 d\bt1 ! indu/rial revolution1 especially 9 its lat] phases1 w\ld be a f9al demon/ration2 = b5ea? ! o/5sible skyscrap]s1 subways1 factories1 telephone l9es1 & sew]s ( ! mod]n indu/rial city lie ! immat]ial f\ndations ( we/]n physical sci5ce1 laid d[n /one by /one 9 ! remote1 !oretic rese>*es ( ,boyle1 ,f>aday1 ,kelv91 ,leibniz1 & ! re/ ( t great galaxy4 ,) ! f> rea*+ effect ( ! idola ( physical sci5ce x is h>dly necess>y to deal4 ,ev]yone realizes h[ dep5d5t ! advance 9 te*nology has be5 ^u !oretic sci5ce1 ev5 ?\gh ! sci5ti/ himself1 z ,kropotk9 po9t$ out1 is sometimes sl[ 9 admitt+ ! debt ( sci5ce itself to practical inv5tion4 ,! actual _w ( ma*9]y is at pres5t1 x seems fair to say1 a p>asite ^u ?is body ( k1 & x w\ld spe$ily />ve to dea? if ! ho/ 7 annihilat$4 ,sci5ce has provid$ ! factual data by means ( :i* ! indu/riali/1 ! inv5tor1 & ! eng9e] h trans=m$ ! physical _w2 & )\t d\bt ! physical _w has be5 trans=m$4 ,un=tunately1 :5 sci5ce has furni%$ ! data its "w is at an end3 :e!r "o uses ! k ( *emicals to cure a pati5t or to poison "o's gr&mo!r is1 f ! /&po9t ( sci5ce1 an extrane\s & un9t]e/+ "q4 ,s x foll[s t :ile sci5ce has giv5 u ! means ( mak+ ov] ! _w1 ! ends to :i* ! _w has be5 made ov] h _h1 ess5tially1 no?+ to d ) sci5ce4 ,accord+ly1 z ,i h sugge/$1 ! idola ( ! ,c\ntry ,h\se & ,coket[n & ! ,national ,/ate1 :i* 7 built up by lit]ature & art1 h giv5 ! effective direction to ^! trans=mations4 ,s f>1 sci5ce has n be5 us$ by p :o reg>d$ man & 8 in/itutions sci5tifically4 ,! application ( ! sci5tific me?od to man & 8 in/itutions has h>dly be5 attempt$4 ,ev5 :5 "o qualifies ?is la/ g5]alization1 its outl9e rema9s pretty %>p4 ,! developm5t ( :at are call$ ! social sci5ces 0 dimly outl9$ 9 ,bacon's ,novum ,organon2 b x 0 n till ! eighte5? c5tury1 ) ,quesnay & ,montesquieu1 t ! movem5t ga9$ any real headway1 & d[n to ?is day a l>ge "p ( :at is call$ sci5ce 9 ,economics1 ,politics1 & ,sociology is only disguis$ lit]ature--"w 9 :i* ! j>gon ( sci5ce is accept$ z a sub/itute = ! sci5tific me?od ( arriv+ at factual tru?1 & 9 :i* ! ef=t to mold conduct ov]:elms ! attempt to rea* correct conclusions4 ,inde$1 among ! economi/s & sociologi/s !re has be5 a p]si/5t dribble ( discussion z to :e!r or n _! subjects entitl$ !m to ! augu/ designation ( sci5ti/s4 ,x is n )\t reason t ! social & human sci5ces h be5 di/ru/$ by ! devotees ( physical sci5ce1 s t1 = example1 ! ,briti% ,association has long _h a s+le section devot$ to ! social sci5ces 9 :i* ,sociology1 ! "m ( !m all1 is p]mitt$ to ent] z a subclassification ( ,an?ropology6 ,! ne>] ! inve/igator gets to man1 ! m easily he is ov]:elm$ ) ! complexity ( 8 subject2 & ! m tempt$ he is to adopt ! swift & easy p>tisan me?ods ( ! noveli/1 ! poet1 ! prophet4 ,! m]e concealm5t ( ?is act ( s$uction "u ! r\gh1 grey cov] ( sci5tific j>gon means frequ5tly t ! social sci5ti/ has add$ to ! (f5se ( n be+ a good sci5ti/ by n ev5 be+ a good lit]>y man4 ,h5ce !re is a great gap betwe5 ! m ext]nal "p ( ! _w :i* has be5 affect$ by sci5ce1 & t "p1 ne>] to man & man's in/itutions1 :i* has yet = ! great] "p to be conqu]$4 ,:ile ! physical equipm5t ( ,new ,york comp>es ) t ( f\r? c5tury ,a!ns z ,a!ns itself w\ld comp>e ) an ,aurignacian cave1 ! life ( m5 9 ! city is p]haps m disord]$ & futile & incomplete ?an ! au?or ( ! ,republic f\nd x4 ,! moral ( ?is contra/ ne$ h>dly be po9t$ 9 s _m words4 ,! idolum ( sci5ce is incomplete2 = x *iefly t\*es life 9 its physical sector2 & x rema9s to complete ! span s t e activity & condition may be describ$1 measur$1 & grasp$ 9 sci5tific t]ms4 ,) ! va/ mod]n improvem5t 9 our physical arrangem5ts 9 view1 x mu/ occur to almo/ anyone t a p]man5t advance 9 social life dep5ds ^u a mu* m ?or\gh & reali/ic acqua9tance ) ! facts ?an ! social sci5ces h yet be5 able to provide4 ,be=e an army moves ov] ! l& x is well = x to h mov$ 9 someone's m9d ov] a topographic map4 ,lack+ su* maps1 all our day to day improvem5ts h be5 wa/eful sallies into eutopia1 proce$+ )\t ord]1 )\t a suffici5t equipm5t1 & )\t any g5]al plan4 #c ,!re is a po9t up to :i* ea* sci5ce may well be left to cultivate its field = its own sake1 )\t any reg>d = ! fruits4 ,mr4 ,?or/e9 ,vebl51 9 ,! ,place ( ,sci5ce 9 ,civilization1 has well po9t$ out ! way 9 :i* sci5ce arises out ( idle curiosity2 & sci5ce1 /udi$ & advanc$ = its own sake1 is surely "o ( ! great play?+s ( ! race4 ,9 ?is aspect1 :ile sci5ce seeks a q diff]5t pa? to ! contemplative life ?an art takes1 its end is ! same--! dom9ant int]e/ is an e/hetic "o1 ! joy ( pure p]ception4 ,sci5ce is ?us a sort ( _w 9 itself1 & x is self-suffici5t3 !re is no ne$ = x to make contact ) ! real _w 9 :i* we fight & love & e>n our daily bread4 ,9 its own _w1 sci5ce is no bett] & no worse ?an !osophy or a/rology or fables ab\t deity4 ,b ! divorce ( sci5ce f ! daily life ( ! community is n altoge!r an advantage4 ,if x fo/]s a :ole-he>t$ cultivation ( sci5ce = its own values1 x t5ds to lose sight ( realities )\t :i* its values are mean+less4 ,x is h>d p]haps to locate ! po9t at :i* sci5ce1 divorc$ f e day realities1 ceases to h any social relevance2 b x seems to me t su* a po9t exi/s2 & :5 ! sci5ces rema9 disp>ate & unrelat$ "o to ! o!r1 !y t5d to pass ov] f a public _w to ! private _w ( ! speciali/2 & ! k :i* obta9s 9 t _w c ) difficulty be br\ght out aga9 to irrigate ! common life ( ! community2 or if x is br\ght out1 z bact]iology is br\ght out 9 relation to ! treatm5t ( disease1 x is divorc$ f a consid]ation ( ! total situation 9 a way t makes s _m speciali/ advances 9 m$ic9e1 = example1 ! /amp+ gr\nd = ! fanatic4 ,?is loss ( contact1 ,i believe1 is highly dang]\s2 = x less5s ! effect ( sci5tific discipl9e ^u daily affairs q z mu* z a cloi/]$ religion1 by erect+ impossible sanctions1 op5s ! way = mu* unalloy$ slackness & bas5ess1 & by dem&+ t ,pi/ol & ,fal/aff live l ,*ri/ prev5ts ^! biological rapscallions f a*iev+ s mu* z ! level ( ,rob9 ,hood4 ,! up%ot ( ?is dissociation ( sci5ce & social life is t sup]/ition takes ! place ( sci5ce among ! common run ( m51 z a m easily appreh5d$ v]sion ( reality4 ,today ! :ole corpus ( k is 9 an an>*ic /ate1 & x lacks ord] precisely because x lacks any def9ite relations to ! community :i* creates x1 & = :i* x1 9 turn1 provides ! spectacles ?r\gh :i* ! _w is se54 ,aga9/ ! ga9s t h come f ! increas+ specialization ( ! sci5ces1 we h to set (f ! losses :i* ! community suff]s f ! developm5t ( crude =ms ( sci5ce1 & f quack]ies l a/rology & spiritualism :i* succe$ 9 giv+ a complete acc\nt ( man's place 9 ! univ]se 9 t]ms t are fairly intelligible to ! lay m9d4 ,x seems to me1 !n1 t 9 ! cultivation ( ! sci5ces a def9ite hi]>*y ( values mu/ be e/abli%$ :i* %all h "s relation to ! ess5tial ne$s ( ! community4 ,! indep5d5ce ( sci5ce f human values is a gross sup]/ition3 ! desire = ord]1 = security1 = e/hetically satisfactory patt]ns--along ) ! desire = fame or ! favor ( pr9ces--h all play$ _! p>ts 9 ! developm5t ( sci5ce4 ,?\gh ! logic ( sci5ce may disc\nt ! human factor z f> z possible 9 its int]nal op]ations1 x is because m5 h plac$ a c]ta9 value ^u dis9t]e/$ intellectual op]ations t ^! activities are pursu$ 9 mod]n communities to ! exclusion ( o!r int]e/s & claims4 ,let u put ! problem concretely4 ,a community :i* cultivates *emical sci5ce to ! po9t at :i* x is able to wipe out a :ole city by a few explosions ( poison\s gas is 9 a pretty trea*]\s situation4 ,if ! sci5ce t x possesses has n help$ to f\nd a eutopia1 x has at any rate provid$ ! f\ndations = a kakotopia1 or bad place3 9 %ort1 = a hell4 ,inde$ sci5tific k has n m]ely height5$ ! possibilities ( life 9 ! mod]n _w3 x has l[]$ ! dep?s4 ,:5 sci5ce is n t\*$ by a s5se ( values x works--z x fairly consi/5tly has work$ dur+ ! pa/ c5tury--t[>ds a complete dehumanization ( ! social ord]4 ,! plea t ea* ( ! sci5ces mu/ be p]mitt$ to g its own way )\t control %\ld be imm$iately rebutt$ by po9t+ out t !y obvi\sly ne$ a little guidance :5 _! applications 9 w> & indu/ry are s pla9ly disa/r\s4 ,we mu/ be prep>$ to recognize t 8tru?s0 d n /& toge!r on a high & l(ty p$e/al3 "s are important & "s are trivial1 "s are innoc5t & "s are dang]\s1 & :ile ! pursuit ( tru? is a good 9 itself--& complete fre$om 9 t pursuit is a s9e qua non ( a good social life--c]ta9 dep>tm5ts ( inve/igation may ne$ to be (fset & correct$ by "w 9 o!r fields4 ,9 a mod]n ,we/]n ,european community1 a sociological insight into ! causes & conditions ( w> & peace is a ne$$ corrective to ! crudities ( appli$ physical sci5ce & )\t su* correction ! m]e increase ( sci5tific k1 ( :i* we boa/ s vacu\sly1 may be highly inimical to ! practice ( ! good life 9 ! community4 #d ,if ! sci5ces are to be cultivat$ anew ) respect = a def9ite hi]>*y ( human values1 x seems to me t ! sci5ces mu/ be focuss$ aga9 ^u p>ticul> local communities1 & ! problems :i* !y (f] = solution4 ,j z geometry 9 ,egypt arose out ( ! ne$ = annually survey+ ! b\nd>ies t ! ,nile wip$ out1 & z a/ronomy develop$ 9 ,*aldea 9 ord] to det]m9e ! %ift ( ! seasons = ! plant+ ( crops1 z geology 9 mod]n times develop$ out ( ! que/ions t a practical /one mason1 l ,hugh ,mill]1 f\nd himself confront$ )--s may ! sci5ces :i* are today incomplete & p>tial develop along ! necess>y l9es by a survey ( exi/+ conditions & intellectual res\rces 9 a p>ticul> community4 ,on "o h&1 sci5ce mu/ be 9 contact ) ! :ole idolum ( sci5tific ?\ght--) t va/ ov]world ( sci5tific ef=t :i* is ! product ( no s+le place or p or "t4 ,on ! o!r h&1 x mu/ be relat$ to ! def9ite local community1 limit$ 9 "t & 9 space1 9 :i* its rese>*es & its speculations w be realiz$ & appli$4 ,out ( ^! surveys ( exi/+ conditions we %\ld f9d1 ,i believe1 t 9 social psy*ology1 9 an?ropology1 9 economics !re are a va/ numb] ( facts & relations :i* rema9 to be describ$2 & t1 simil>ly1 c]ta9 dep>tm5ts l craniology & jurisprud5ce & folklore h be5 va/ly ov]cultivat$ 9 proportion to any g5u9e importance t _! rese>*es may h ^u our control ov] ! community's developm5t4 ,su* an inve/igation w\ld br+ out1 above all1 ! weakness ( contempor>y sociological ?\ght1 ) its diabetic flatul5ce ( special sociologies1 & its lack ( any g5]al agreem5t z to ! field :i* is to be cultivat$4 ,ap>t f its great function z a play?+1 sci5ce is valuable only to ! ext5t t its rese>*es c be br\ght to be> ^u ! conditions 9 a p>ticul> community1 9 a def9ite region4 ,! diff]5ce betwe5 sci5ce z a play?+ & sci5ce z an in/rum5t = enabl+ u to e/abli% m effective relations ) o!r m5 & ) ! re/ ( our environm5t1 is ! diff]5ce betwe5 fir+ a %ot at a t>get & fir+ at a buck = prov5d]4 ,! practice "o gets 9 fir+ at a t>get is great fun1 & incid5tally x improves "o's m>ksman%ip2 su* idle sport is p]haps "o ( ! /igmata ( a civiliz$ community4 ,nev]!less1 unless "o's skill c be def9itely br\ght home x rema9s a p]sonal a*ievem5t2 & ! community z a :ole is n a p\nd ( meat ! bett] = x4 ,if sci5ce is to play ! significant "p t ,bacon & ,&re & ,plato & ! o!r great humani/s desir$ x to1 x mu/ be def9itely br\ght home & realiz$ 9 our "h & n[4 ,! ne$ = ?is humanization ( sci5ce has already be5 p]ceiv$ 9 ,great ,brita94 ,dur+ ! la/ decade a movem5t has ga!r$ headway 9 ! s*ools & ext5d$ itself to associations outside ! s*ools4 ,! title ( ?is movem5t is 8,regional ,survey10 & its po9t ( orig9 is1 ,i believe1 ! ,outlook ,t[] 9 ,ed9burgh :i* 0 well describ$ m ?an two decades ago z ! 8_w's fir/ sociological laboratory40 ,! aim ( ! ,regional ,survey is to take a geographic region & explore x 9 e aspect4 ,x diff]s f ! social survey ) :i* we are acqua9t$ 9 ,am]ica 9 t x is n *iefly a survey ( evils2 x is1 r1 a survey ( ! exi/+ conditions 9 all _! aspects2 & x emphasizes to a mu* great] ext5t ?an ! social survey ! natural *>act]i/ics ( ! environm5t1 z !y are discov]$ by ! geologi/1 ! zoologi/1 ! ecologi/--9 addition to ! developm5t ( natural & human conditions 9 ! hi/oric pa/1 z pres5t$ by ! an?ropologi/1 ! ar*ologi/1 & ! hi/orian4 ,9 %ort1 ! regional survey attempts a local syn!sis ( all ! speciali/ 8kn[l$ges40 ,su* a survey has be5 conduct$ 9 ! ,s\!a/]n c\nties ( ,engl& "u ! auspices ( v>i\s local sci5tific societies2 & ! result ( x is a complete description ( ! community's f\ndations1 its pa/1 its mann] ( work+ & liv+1 its in/itutions1 its regional peculi>ities1 & its utilization ( physical1 vital1 & social res\rces4 ,ea* ( ! sci5ces draws ^u its g5]al body ( k to illum9ate ! po9ts "u obs]vation2 & :5 problems arise :i* po9t def9itely to ! lack ( sci5tific or s*ol>ly data1 new trails are op5$ & new t]ritory def9$4 ,9 look+ at ! community ?r\gh ! ,regional ,survey1 ! inve/igator is deal+ ) a real ?+ & n ) an arbitr>y idolum4 ,9 s f> z ! local community has c]ta9 elem5ts 9 common ) simil> regions 9 o!r c\ntries1 or has absorb$ elem5ts f o!r civilizations1 ^! ?+s w be giv5 _! full value1 in/ead ( be+ disreg>d$ because !y weak5 ! id5tity ( ! local community ) t preci\s my?1 ! ,national ,/ate4 ,! great] "p ( ! data t is ?us br\ght to light may be plott$ on a map1 graphically pres5t$ 9 a *>t1 or photograph$4 ,9 ,saffron ,wald51 ,engl&1 !re is an admirable little museum devot$ to su* an exhibition ( its region2 & 9 ! ,outlook ,t[]1 at ,ed9burgh1 !re us$ to be a libr>y & an app>atus ( exhibition by :i* "o c\ld beg9 at ! po9t :]e "o 0 /&+ & "w outw>ds1 9 ?\ght1 to embrace ! :ole wide _w4 ,k t is pres5t$ 9 ?is fa%ion is available s t :oev] runs may read2 x has e feature1 !re=e1 ( popul> sci5ce z x is purvey$ 9 ! *eap newspap] & magaz9e1 :il/ x rema9s real sci5ce & is n pres5t$ z some?+ t v]ges f a miracle to a sup]/ition4 ,! k embodi$ 9 ! ,regional ,survey has a coh]5ce & pi?9ess :i* no isolat$ /udy ( sci5ce c possibly possess4 ,x is pres5t$ 9 su* a =m t x c be assimilat$ by e memb] ( ! community :o has ! rudim5ts ( an education1 & x ?us diff]s f ! isolat$ discipl9e :i* necess>ily rema9s ! h]itage ( ! speciali/4 ,above all1 ?is k is n t ( 8subjects10 tak5 z s _m wat] tight & unrelat$ comp>tm5ts3 x is a k ( a :ole region1 se5 9 all its aspects2 s t ! relations betwe5 ! "w aspect & ! soil aspect1 betwe5 ! play aspect & ! "w aspect1 become fairly simple & intelligible4 ,?is common tissue ( def9ite1 v]ifiable1 localiz$ k is :at all our p>tisan utopias & recon/ruction programs h lack$2 & lack+ x1 h be5 "o-sid$ & ignorant & ab/ract--devis+ pap] programs = ! recon/ruction ( a pap] _w4 ,regional survey1 !n1 is ! bridge by :i* ! speciali/ ^: face is turn$ t[>ds ! libr>y & ! laboratory1 & ! active work] 9 ! field1 ^: face is turn$ t[>ds ! city & region 9 :i* he lives1 may come into contact2 & out ( ?is contact our plans & our eutopias may be f\nd$ on su* a p]man5t f\ndation ( facts z ! sci5ti/ c build = u1 :ile ! sci5ces !mselves w be cultivat$ ) "s reg>d = ! human values & /&>ds1 z embodi$ 9 ! ne$s & ! ideals ( ! local community4 ,?is is ! fir/ /ep out ( ! pres5t impasse3 we mu/ return to ! real _w1 & face x1 & survey x 9 its complicat$ totality4 ,our ca/les-9-air mu/ h _! f\ndations 9 solid gr\nd4 #e ,! ne$$ reori5tation ( sci5ce is important2 b by itself x is n en\gh4 ,k is a tool r ?an a motor2 & if we "k ! _w )\t be+ able to react ^u x1 we are guilty ( t aimless pragmatism :i* consi/s ( devis+ all sorts ( +5i\s ma*9es & be+ q incapable ( subord9at+ !m to any coh]5t & attractive patt]n4 ,n[1 m5 are mov$ by _! in/9ctive impulses & by su* emotionally color$ patt]n-ideas or idola z ! dream] is capable ( project+4 ,:5 we create ^! patt]n-ideas1 we enl>ge ! environm5t1 s t our behavior is guid$ by ! conditions :i* we seek to e/abli% & enjoy 9 an imag9>y _w4 ,h[ev] crude ! ,m>xian analysis ( society may h be51 x at lea/ _h ! m]it ( pres5t+ a great dream--! dream ( a titanic /ruggle betwe5 ! possessors & ! dispossess$ 9 :i* e work] _h a def9ite "p to play4 ,)\t ^! dreams1 ! advances 9 social sci5ce w be j z disord]ly & fu/y z ! applications ( physical sci5ce h be5 9 our mat]ial affairs1 :]e 9 ! abs5ce ( any g5u9e scale ( values1 a pat5t coll> button is reg>d$ z equally important z a tung/5 filam5t if ! button happ5s to br+ ! inv5tor z great a f9ancial rew>d4 #f ,up to ab\t ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 be=e mod]n physical sci5ce _h rigor\sly def9$ its field1 ! brea* betwe5 lit]ature & sci5ce1 :i* ,ari/otle _h made1 0 n altoge!r complete2 & :ile ! humani/ ideal 0 intact bo? lit]ature & sci5ce 7 reg>d$ z coeval phases ( man's intellectual activity4 ,! two dom9at+ figures ( ! ,r5asc5ce1 ,leon>do da ,v9ci & ,mi*ael ,angelo1 7 arti/s1 te*nicians1 & m5 ( sci5ce2 & 9 a comp>ison betwe5 a translation ( ,mi*ael ,angelo's sonnets & a photograph ( ,/4 ,pet]'s ! sonnets come (f r well4 ,! great contribution ( ! ,r5asc5ce 0 ! ideal ( fully en]giz$ human be+s1 able to span life 9 all its manife/ations1 z arti/s1 sci5ti/s1 te*nicians1 philosoph]s1 & :at n4 ,?is ideal ex]cis$ a p[]ful influ5ce on less] figures1 l ! ,admirable ,cri*ton & ,sir ,walt] ,raleigh1 & ev5 d[n to ! "t ( ,desc>tes x contribut$ to t exub]ance ( ! intellectual life :i* 0 ! ,r5asc5ce at its be/4 ,:5 ,john ,amos ,com5ius wrote 8 rem>kable little book call$ ,! ,labyr9? ( ! ,_w & ! ,p>adise ( ! ,he>t 9 #afbc1 he comb9$ ! outlooks ( sci5ce & art 9 a rem>kable syn!sis2 = ! fir/ "p ( ?is "w is a picturesque survey ( ! actual _w z ,com5ius f\nd x1 & ! second a picture ( ! transition to ! heav5ly _w promis$ 9 ! ,*ri/ian religion4 ,! idea beh9d ,com5ius' ,labyr9? 0 ! same t inspir$ ,&re2 & 7 x n = ! complete o!rworldl9ess ( ?is !ological utopia1 ! ,p>adise ( ! ,he>t1 ,com5ius' disc\rse w\ld take a high place 9 ! hi/ory ( utopian ?\ght4 ,!re is no g5u9e logical basis1 z f> z ,i c see1 9 ! dissociation ( sci5ce & art1 ( kn[+ & dream+1 ( intellectual activities & emotional activities4 ,! division betwe5 ! two is simply "o ( conv5i5ce2 = bo? ^! activities are simply diff]5t modes 9 :i* human be+s create ord] out ( ! *aos 9 :i* !y f9d !mselves4 ,su* is ! humani/ view4 ,z an in/ance ( ?is1 :5 ! ,royal ,society 0 project$ 9 ,engl& 9 ! middle ( ! sev5te5? c5tury1 ,johann ,&re advis$ 8 fri5d ,samuel ,h>tlib1 !n 9 ,london1 n to neglect ! humanities :ile fur!r+ ! pursuit ( ! physical sci5ces4 ,un=tunately1 ! m5 :o ga!r$ toge!r to =m ! ,royal ,society 7 speciali/s 9 physical sci5ce2 & 9 ! lapse ( ! humani/ tradition ?r\gh ! religi\s ac]bities ( ! "t1 !y _h lo/ "s ( _! desire = a complete life4 ,z a result1 ! orig9al *>t] ( ! society conf9$ its "w to ! physical sci5ces4 ,insignificant z x n[ appe>s 9 ! annals ( sci5ce1 ?is decision seems to me to m>k a def9ite turn+ po9t 9 human ?\ght4 ,h5ce=? ! sci5ti/ 0 to be "o sort ( p]son & ! arti/ ano!r2 h5ce=? ! idolum ( sci5ce & ! idolum ( art 7 n to be cem5t$ toge!r 9 a s+le p]sonality2 h5ce=?1 9 fact1 ! dehumanization ( art & sci5ce beg9s4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ) ! divorce ( ! humanities f sci5ce1 art & sci5ce ent]$ ^u sep>ate c>e]s :i*1 = all _! div]sities1 are curi\sly simil>4 ,bo? art & sci5ce1 = example1 ceas$ to be ! common prop]ty ( ! community2 & ea* ( !m split up into a multiply+ ho/ ( specialisms4 ,9 ?is process1 art & sci5ce made _m notable advances2 s t ?is p]iod is usually spok5 ( z a p]iod ( enlight5m5t or progress2 b ! result on ! community 0 :at we discov]$ 9 our exam9ation ( ,coket[n & ! ,c\ntry ,h\se4 #g ,we mu/ n[ consid] ! developm5t ( ! arts 9 ! mod]n community4 ,at ! height ( ! ,middle ,age1 z 9 fif? c5tury ,a!ns1 ! arts =m$ toge!r a liv+ unity4 ,a citiz5 did n g into a conc]t hall to he> music1 to a *ur* to say 8 pray]s1 to a !atre to see a play1 to a picture gall]y to view pictures3 x 0 a mean t[n1 inde$1 t c\ld n boa/ a ca!dral & a c\ple ( *ur*es2 & 9 ^! build+s1 drama & music & ar*itecture & pa9t+ & sculpture 7 unit$ = ! purpose ( r++ *anges on ! emotional nature ( m5 & conv]t+ !m to accept ! !ological vision ( o!rworldly utopia4 ,! splitt+ up ( ^! arts into a numb] ( sep>ate boxes 0 "p ( t movem5t t[>ds individualism & prote/antism ^: effects mo/ p are famili> ) 9 ! field ( religion alone4 ,h5ce=w>d1 music1 drama1 pa9t+1 & ! o!r arts develop$ l>gely 9 isolation2 & ea* ( !m 0 =c$ to build up a sep>ate _w4 ,! great] "p ( ! ga9s t 7 made 9 ^! worlds 0 n c>ri$ ov] into ! community at l>ge1 b rema9$ ! possession ( ! arti/s !mselves or _! private patrons & critics 9 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se4 ,) su* exceptions z ! ,italian & ,japanese woodcuts ( ! eighte5? c5tury1 & ! few survivals ( ballad & drama t slipt ov] f ! ,middle ,age1 popul> art became ano!r "n = all t 0 co>se & /unt$ & depress$4 ,! popul> ar*itecture ( ! n9ete5? c5tury is ! sordid little r$brick rabbit hut*3 popul> religion is embodi$ 9 ! /unt$ %eet-iron or brick *apel 7z x is call$ 9 ,engl&7 ( ! ,bapti/s & ,me?odi/s3 popul> music is ! late/ b>rel organ lilt3 popul> pa9t+ is ! cal5d> li?ograph3 & popul> lit]ature is ! dime novel4 ,! divorce ( ! art ( ! cultivat$ classes f t ( ! :ole community t5d$ to deprive x ( any o!r /&>ds ?an ! arti/ himself 0 cont5t to erect4 ,"h aga9 ! comp>ison ) sci5ce is curi\sly p]t95t4 ,! _w ( art is 9 a s5se a sep>ate _w1 & x c be cultivat$ = a "t )\t ref]5ce to ! desires & emotions ( ! community out ( :i* x has sprung4 ,b ! motto 8,art = art's sake0 turns out 9 practice to be some?+ q diff]5t--namely1 art = ! arti/'s sake2 & art :i* is produc$ 9 ?is mann]1 )\t any ext]nal /&>d ( p]=mance1 is frequ5tly j an in/rum5t = ov]com+ a neurosis or enabl+ ! arti/ to re/ore 8 p]sonal equilibrium4 ,divorc$ f 8 community1 ! arti/ 0 driv5 back ^u himself3 in/ead ( seek+ to create a beauty :i* all m5 might %>e1 he devot$ himself to project+ a poignant angle ( 8 p]sonal vision--an angle :i* ,i %all call ! picturesque4 ,! cause ( ?is divorce ,i h already po9t$ out 9 ! *apt] on ! ,c\ntry ,h\se2 x is ) ! effects ( ?is divorce1 = :i* ! arti/ 0 n greatly to blame1 t we are "h conc]n$4 ,?is conflict betwe5 8beauty0 & ! 8picturesque0 is p]haps common to all ! arts1 & ) suffici5t factual detail ,i might be able to trace its effects on lit]ature & music4 ,= ! sake ( cle>ness & simplicity ,i %all conf9e myself to pa9t+ & sculpture1 ) ! proviso t our conclusions w apply1 by & l>ge1 to ! :ole field4 ,let me emphasize1 be=e go+ any fur!r1 t ,i am us+ ! t]ms 8beauty0 & ! 8picturesque0 9 q diff]5t s5ses f ! vague ones t are usually atta*$ to !m2 & t ,i use !m )\t any prelim9>y judgm5t z to _! place & value 9 ! good life4 ,! picturesque1 9 ! q arbitr>y s5se 9 :i* ! ^w is us$ "h1 is an ab/ract quality ( vision1 s\nd1 or mean+ :i* creates :at we might call pure e/hetic exp]i5ce4 ,9 pa9t+1 ! picturesque probably arose ) ! discov]y1 on ! "p ( ! leisur$ classes 9 ! ,c\ntry ,h\se1 t x 0 possible to a*ieve rapture1 a sort ( e/hetic trance1 a complete /ate ( beatitude1 by ! m or less prolong$ contemplation ( a pictorial subject4 ,up to ! "t ( ?is discov]y1 pa9t+ 0 simply a bran* ( int]ior decoration2 ! great pa9t+s ( ! ,*ri/ian ,_w s]v$1 = ! public1 z illu/rations to t outl9e ( hi/ory :i* m$ival !ology provid$3 !y _h a habitat1 a social de/9ation4 ,) ! splitt+ (f ( ! picturesque f ! ma9 body ( ecclesia/ical art1 pa9t+ came into its own z an end 9 itself1 ap>t f any place t x might h 9 ! s*eme ( ! community's affairs4 ,! symptom ( ?is *ange is ! rise ( l&scape pa9t+3 9 ! se>* = pure e/hetic exp]i5ce ! pa9t] began to look = !mes :i* 7 divorc$ f any human int]e/ b t ( pure contemplation4 ,dur+ ! la/ c5tury ?is split betwe5 pa9t+ z a =m ( social art & pa9t+ z a means ( a*iev+ contemplative ec/asy has become deep]3 ev5 ^? academic pa9t]s :o foll[$ ! me?ods ( ! old] arti/s no long] h ! same field to "w 91 :il/ ! revolutioni/--! impressioni/s ( "o p]iod1 ! cubi/s ( ano!r1 & ! po/-impressioni/s or expressioni/s ( a ?ird--are =c$ by ! g5]al irrelevance ( art 9 ,coket[n to produce "w :i* only ! m or less initiate w appreciate4 ,n[1 ,i w\ld n = worlds und]rate ! ga9s :i* h be5 a*iev$ by ! divorce ( art f ! :ole life ( ! community4 ,9 _! isolation f ! social gr\p t produc$ !m ! mod]n arti/s h be5 able to pursue _! solit>y way to limits :i* ! common man is probably incapable ( rea*+3 !y h wid5$ ! field ( e/hetic delight & h introduc$ new values into ! _w ( pa9t+1 values :i* w rema9 ev5 ?\gh ! disease :i* creat$ !m disappe>s1 j z "o c salvage a pe>l f an oy/] ^: sickness is heal$4 ,! view f ! m\nta9 top is none ! worse because _m p are afflict$ ) dizz9ess & nausea be=e !y h rea*$ ! summit2 &1 l ! pursuit ( tru?1 ! pursuit ( e/hetic values is a good 9 itself ap>t f any values :i* may be realiz$ 9 ! community4 ,on ^! t]ms1 ,czanne & ,van ,gogh & ,ryd]1 to m5tion a few ( ! dead1 w hold _! own1 & keep ! b\nd>ies ( art f ev] %r9k+ aga91 ,i tru/1 to its academic limits4 ,nev]!less1 ! effects ( focuss+ on ! picturesque c no m be ov]look$ 9 art ?an ! dang]s ( specialization 9 sci5ce4 ,x is almo/ a banality to po9t out h[1 hi/orically1 z ! picturesque develop$ 9 art1 beauty has t5d$ to disappe> f life4 ,:il/ ! cultivat$ few h become glori\sly alive to m exquisite s5sations ?an _! ance/ors _h probably ev] exp]i5c$1 ! 8mutilat$ _m0 h be5 =c$ to live 9 great cities & 9 abject c\ntry t[ns ( a blackness & ugl9ess su* z ! _w1 if we are to judge by ! records t exi/1 has nev] se5 be=e4 ,9 o!r words1 we h become m s5sitive to exp]i5ces--to ! cont5ts ( our inn] worlds--only to become m call\s to ?+s1 to ! bra% surfaces ( ! _w )\t4 ,9 our preoccupation ) ! inn] worlds we h to a l>ge ext5t lo/ our hold ^u beauty1 :i*1 9 ! limit+ s5se 9 :i* ! ^w is us$ "h1 is ! quality by :i* any?+1 f a torso to a build+1 %[s its adaptation to an end & its s5sitiv5ess to e/hetic values--values :i* are ab/ract$ & int5sifi$ 9 ! pure picturesque--t are involv$ 9 su* an adaptation4 ,9 ?is s5se1 ! beautiful1 z ,em]son said1 re/s on ! f\ndations ( ! necess>y3 x is ! outw>d tok5 ( an inw>d grace2 its appe>ance is ! manife/ation ( a humaniz$ life2 & its exi/5ce & developm5t con/itute1 9 fact1 a sort ( index to a community's vitality4 ,! divorce ( ! arti/ f ! community1 & ! turn+ away ( 8 en]gies f beauty1 9 :i* ! picturesque might be fulfill$1 to ! picturesque itself1 sep>ate f any practical ne$s1 has sc>cely be5 comp5sat$ by ! advances t h be5 made 9 ! sep>ate _w ( art4 ,! result has be5 t "w :i* %\ld h be5 done by arti/s ( great capacity has be5 done by p ( m9or or degrad$ ability4 ,anonym\s j]rybuild]s h erect$ ! great] numb] ( our h\ses1 absurd eng9e]s h laid out our t[ns ) no ?\ght = any?+ b sew]s & pav+ contracts2 rapaci\s & illit]ate m5 :o h a*iev$ success 9 bus9ess disc\rse to ! multitude on :at con/itutes ! good life--& s on4 ,!re is really no end to ! numb] ( ?+s :i* we d badly 9 ! mod]n community1 = want ( ! arti/ to d !m at all4 ,?is g5]alization applies to ! :ole range ( ! arts4 ,! great] "p ( ! creative dream+ & plann+ :i* con/itutes lit]ature & art has _h v little be>+ ^u ! community 9 :i* we live1 & has done little to equip u ) patt]ns1 ) images & ideals1 by means ( :i* we might react creatively ^u our environm5t4 ,yet x %\ld be obvi\s t if ! inspiration = ! good life is to come f any:]e1 x mu/ come f no o!r p ?an ! great arti/s4 ,an int5se social life1 z ,gabriel ,t>de po9t$ out 9 8 f9e utopian fantasy1 ,und]gr\nd ,man1 has 8= its indisp5sable condition ! e/hetic life & ! univ]sal propagation ( ! religion ( tru? & beauty40 ,! common man1 :5 he is 9 love1 has a little glimpse ( ! way 9 :i* ! drudg]y ( ! daily _w may be transmut$ ?r\gh emotional /imulus2 x is ! bus9ess ( ! arti/ to make ! transmutation p]man5t1 = ! only diff]5ce betwe5 ! arti/ & ! common man is t ! arti/ is1 s to say1 9 love all ! :ile4 ,x is out ( ! vivid patt]ns ( ! arti/'s ec/asy t he draws m5 toge!r & gives !m ! vision to %ape _! lives & ! de/9y ( _! community anew4 #h ,no matt] h[ ! mod]n arti/ may use or fritt] away 8 abilities1 x is pla9 t he has an enorm\s res]voir ( p[] at 8 disposal4 ,:at1 = in/ance1 has made ,am]ica s :olly devot$ to ! conque/ ( mat]ial ?+s8 ,:y are we s giv5 ov] to collect+ ^? va/ miscellanies ( goods :i* are tempt+ly display$ 9 ! adv]tis+ sections ( our illu/rat$ weeklies & mon?ly magaz9es8 ,! necessity = ameliorat+ ! h>d1 crude life ( ! pione] has inde$ be5 an important influ5ce2 b ! traditions ( ?is life 9 turn produc$ all ! m9or 8arti/s0 or 8artl+s0 :o write & draw = ! popul> pap]s1 :o create ! plots ( plays & motion picture sc5>ios2 & s9ce mo/ ( ^! poor wret*es h nev] be5 educat$ 9 ! humani/ s5se to any degree--s9ce !y "k no o!r environm5t ?an ,new ,york or ,los ,angeles or ,goph] ,prairie1 s9ce !y are acqua9t$ ) ! a*ievem5ts ( no o!r age ?an _! own1 !y h devot$ !mselves :olehe>t$ly to idealiz+ a great _m ( ! ?+s t are crude or ugly or /upid 9 _! belov$ community4 ,s ! idola ( bus9ess h be5 p]petuat$ by 8artl+s0 :o !mselves "k only ! /&>ds ( ! bus9ess man4 ,because ( ! limit$ horizons ( ! ,am]ican arti/1 !re=e1 ! ris+ g5]ation aspires aft] ! ?+s t ,messrs4 ,jack ,london1 ,rup]t ,hughes1 ,scott ,fitzg]ald1 & heav5 kn[s :o else h ?\ght good & f9e2 ! y\ng] g5]ation talks l ! h]oes & h]o9es ( a melodrama by ,mr4 ,samuel ,%ipman1 :5 !y d n atta9 ! high] level ( comic cuts2 ! y\ng] g5]ation ?rills to ! type ( beauty :i* ,mr4 ,p5ryhn ,/anlaws sets be=e its gaze4 ,! notion t ! common man despises art is absurd4 ,! common man wor%ips art & lives by x2 & :5 good art is n available he takes ! second be/ or ! t5? be/ or ! hundr$? be/4 ,! success ( ,mr4 ,eug5e ,o',neil1 "o ( ! few playwrights ( any gir? :o has contribut$ to ! ,am]ican /age1 proves t ! only way t p c be kept away f good art is by n provid+ x4 ,! y\ng] g5]ation might j z well h _h its idea-patt]ns %ap$ by ,sophocles1 ,praxiteles1 & ,plato1 if our g5u9e arti/s 7 n s alo( to _! responsibilities1 & if !y 7 intellectually mature en\gh to accept ! full burd5 ( _! vocation4 ,x is a sign ( a t]rific neurosis--& no m>k at all ( e/hetic aptitude--t our g5u9e art is s completely disori5t$ & s ?or\ghly out ( t\* ) ! community4 ,we mu/ turn to a man ( su* unev5 p>ts z ,mr4 ,ni*olas ,va*el ,l9dsay be=e we h any?+ l a recognition ( ! classic rle ( ! arti/4 ,art = ! arti/'s sake is l>gely a symptom ( t neurotic individualism :i* drives ! arti/ out ( a public _w :i* baffles him into a private _w :]e he may reign 9 solitude z an unruly demiurge4 ,art = ! public's sake1 on ! o!r h&1 sub/itutes ! vices ( ! extrov]t = ! vices ( ! introv]t4 ,:5 ,i say t art mu/ h "s vital contact ) ! community ,i d n mean1 let me emphasize1 t ! arti/ mu/ cat] to public :im or dem&4 ,art 9 its social sett+ is nei!r a p]sonal ca?>tic = ! arti/1 nor a salve to quiet ! it*+ vanity ( ! community3 x is ess5tially a means by :i* p :o h _h a /range div]sity ( exp]i5ces h _! activities emotionally canaliz$ into patt]ns & molds :i* !y are able to %>e pretty completely ) ea* o!r4 ,pure art is inevitably propag&a4 ,i mean by ?is t x is meant to be propagat$1 & t 9 s f> z x fails to impregnate ! community 9 :i* x exi/s ) its ideas & images1 9 s f> z ! community is n *ang$ = bett] or worse by its exi/5ce1 its claims are spuri\s4 ,propag&i/ art1 on ! o!r h&1 is inevitably impure s9ce in/ead ( br++ p toge!r on a common emotional plane1 z m51 x t5ds to acc5tuate _! diff]5ces1 & to void emotions :i* are prop] to art into a realm :]e ! emotions ( ! mission>y's t5t or ! soapbox]'s plat=m hold exclusive sway4 ,x is j because ! 8arti/0 9 ,am]ica has be5 impure 9 motive--a propag&i/ = ,pollyanna 9 ! face ( ,euripides1 a propag&i/ = 8j folks0 9 ! face ( ,swift1 a propag&i/ = nic5ess 9 ! face ( ,rabelais--t he has fail$ mis]ably z an arti/1 & has left our communities to /ew s completely 9 _! own savorless juice4 #i ,= examples ( :at ! arti/ might be1 & :at 8 prop] relation to ! community might be :5 he 0 mature en\gh to recognize x & discipl9e himself to x1 let u look at ,mr4 ,william ,butl] ,yeats or ,a4 ,e4 ,!re are d\btless a good _m o!r examples t might be (f]$ 9 ,europe2 b ^! are p>ticul>ly good2 = ! reason t ) ,a4 ,e4 "o c see 9 8 ,! ,national ,be+ h[ ! conceptions ( art ent] into ! tissues ( all 8 plans = r5ovat+ life 9 ! ,iri% ,c\ntryside4 ,9 ! "w ( ^! arti/s & _! fell[s we h a clue to "o ( ! mo/ promis+ attempts to e/abli% a concrete eutopia :i* %all rise out ( ! real facts ( ! ev]yday environm5t &1 at ! same "t1 turn ^u !m & mold !m creatively a little ne>] ! he>t's desire4 ,9 ! acc\nt ( ,f\r ,ye>s :i* ,mr4 ,yeats publi%$ 9 ,! ,dial he expla9s 8 attitude t[>ds ! lit]ature & social life ( ,irel&2 & ,i recomm5d t acc\nt to all ! =lorn revolution>ies & re=m]s :o wond] :y ! dry bones ( _! doctr9es rema9 dry bones1 in/ead ( knitt+ !mselves toge!r & becom+ alive4 ,?is passage 9 p>ticul>1 def9es ! relation ( ! arti/ bo? to ! tradition ( 8 art & to ! community 9 :i* he mu/ f9d a root3 8,! ,huxley1 ,tyndall1 ,c>olus ,duran1 ,ba/i5-,lepage cov51 ass]t$ t an arti/ or a poet mu/ pa9t or write 9 ! /yle ( 8 own day1 & ?is ) ! ,fairy ,que5 & ! ,lyrical ,ballads & ,blake's e>ly poems 9 its e>s1 & pla9 to ! eyes1 9 book & gall]y1 ^? great ma/]pieces ( lat] ,egypt1 f\nd$ ^u t "w ( ! anci5t k+dom already fur!r 9 "t f ,lat] ,egypt ?an ,lat] ,egypt is f u40 ,he dismisses ?is claim ) ! j ass]tion t ! arti/ is free to *oose any /yle t suits 8 mood & subject2 = 9 ! _w ( art "t & space are irrelevant2 & he goes on to say1 8,we _h 9 ,irel& imag9ative /ories1 :i* ! un$ucat$ classes knew & ev5 sang1 & might we n make ^? /ories curr5t among ! educat$ classes1 r$iscov]+1 = ! "w's sake1 :at ,i h call$ #8! appli$ arts ( lit]ature1' ! association ( lit]ature1 t is1 ) music1 spee*1 & dance2 & at la/1 x might be1 s deep5 ! political passion ( ! nation t all1 arti/ & poet1 craftsman & day labor]1 w\ld accept a common design4 ,p]haps ev5 ^! images1 once creat$ & associat$ ) riv] & m\nta91 might move ( !mselves & ) "s p[]ful1 ev5 turbul5t life1 l ^? pa9t$ horses t trample ! rice-fields ( ,japan40 ,by cit+ ,mr4 ,yeats' conceptions ,i d n mean to limit ! arti/ to a s+le function--t ( patt]n+ ! good life4 ,x is q pla9 t pure e/hetic exp]i5ce is a good 9 itself2 & :5 ! arti/ has r5d]$ ?is exp]i5ce 9 a picture1 a poem1 a novel1 a philosophy1 he has p]=m$ a unique & indisp5sable piece ( "w4 ,c\ld italics keep ?is passage f be+ ignor$ ,i %\ld employ !m4 ,:at ,i h call$ ! picturesque is 9 reality j z self-su/a9+ & delightful z ! radiant good heal? :i* ,sir ,?omas ,m rat$ s highly 9 8 ,utopia4 ,if ! community w5t to ! dogs1 x w\ld /ill be exub]antly self-su/a9+1 :il/ anyone _h ! "t or ! capacity to enjoy x4 ,:at ,i prote/ aga9/ is ! way 9 :i* ! field ( ! g5u9e arti/1 dur+ ^! la/ ?ree hundr$ ye>s1 has be5 :ittl$ away1 s t x has become m & m a m>k ( ! arti/ to conc]n himself solely ) ! n>r[ prov9ce ( pure e/hetic exp]i5ce1 & to prote/ 8 complete alo(ness f any?+ t lies outside ?is realm4 ,su* an attitude w\ld h /ruck ,euripides or ,milton or ,goe! or ,wagn] z undignifi$ & /upid1 ,i am sure1 because art is z l>ge z life1 & x does n ga9 9 vigor or int5sity by r$uc+ its scope to t ( ! puppet /age4 ,! po9t is t !re is an arti/ic function to be p]=m$ 9 ! community1 = ! community1 z well z 9 ! _w ( art1 = ^? :o are lift$ up to art4 8,nations1 races1 & individual m510 z ,mr4 ,yeats says aga91 8are unifi$ by an image1 or a bundle ( relat$ images1 symbolical & provocative ( ! /ate ( m9d t is ( all /ates ( m9d n impossible1 ! mo/ difficult to t man1 race1 or nation because only ! greate/ ob/acle t c be contemplat$ )\t despair r\ses ! w to full int5sity40 ,:e!r ^! images %all be provid$ by patriote]s1 hack editors1 politicians1 adv]tis+ m5 & comm]cializ$ 8arti/s0 or :e!r !y %all be creat$ by g5u9e playwrights & poets & philosoph]s is an important "q4 ,! function ( creat+ ^! images is an arti/ic "o1 & ! arti/ :o evades 8 responsibility is mak+ life = himself & 8 k9d m difficult1 s9ce 9 ! long run a community ^: sacr$ lit]ature is writt5 by ,colonel ,div] & ,scadd] & ,jeff]son ,brick--! great h]oes ( ,civilization z ! /> ( empire we/w>d makes its way--w make ev5 ! mo/ solit>y cultivation ( ! arts a ?orny & difficult task4 ,9 ! good life1 ! purely e/hetic elem5t has a prom95t place2 b unless ! arti/ is capable ( mov+ m5 to ! good life1 ! e/hetic elem5t is b\nd to be driv5 f>!r & f>!r away f ! common realities1 until ! _w ( ! arti/ w sc>cely be di/+ui%able f ! phantasia ( dem5tia prcox4 ,already1 ! symptoms ( ?is corrosive futility h appe>$ 9 lit]ature & pa9t+ 9 ,we/]n ,europe & ,am]ica2 & su* light z comes =? f ?is art is b ! phosphoresc5ce ( decay4 ,if ! arts are n to dis9tegrate utt]ly1 mu/ !y n focus m & m ^u eutopia8 #aj ,x comes to ?is !n3 our plans = a new social ord] h be5 z dull z mud because1 9 ! fir/ place1 !y h be5 ab/ract & cockney1 & h n tak5 into acc\nt ! imm5se div]sity & complexity ( man's environm5t2 & 9 ! second place1 !y h n creat$ any vivid patt]ns t w\ld move m5 to great ?+s4 ,!y h n be5 8in=m$ by sci5ce & ennobl$ by ! arts40 ,?r\gh ! p>alysis ( ! arts & sci5ces our contempor>y programs = revolution & re=m h done v little to lift our heads ov] ! disord]ly & b$raggl$ environm5ts 9 :i* we conduct our daily bus9ess4 ,?is failure to create a common patt]n = ! good life 9 ea* region has made su* excell5t ef=ts z ! g>d5 city movem5t seem weak & ineffectual :5 we place !m alongside ! t[ns t m$ival civilization1 :i* _h su* a common patt]n1 creat$4 ,)\t ! common backgr\nd ( eutopian idola1 all our ef=ts at rehabilitation--! new ar*itecture1 ! g>d5 city movem5t1 ! electrification ( indu/ry1 ! organization ( great indu/rial guilds su* z ! ,build+ ,trades h a*iev$ 9 ,engl& & ! g>m5t work]s seem on ! po9t ( effect+ 9 ,am]ica--)\t ^! common idola1 ,i say1 all our practical ef=ts are spotty & inconsecutive & incomplete4 ,x 0 n1 let u rememb]1 by any legislative device t ! cities ( ! indu/rial age 7 monoton\sly patt]n$ 9 ! image ( ,coket[n4 ,x 0 r because ev]yone )9 ^! horrid c5t]s accept$ ! same values & pursu$ ! same ends--z !y 7 project$ by economi/s l ,ric>do1 indu/riali/s l ,/eph5son1 & lyric poets l ,samuel ,smiles--t ! plans ( ! j]rybuild] & ! eng9e] express$ to p]fection ! brutality & social di%>mony ( ! community4 ,! same process t gave u ,coket[n c1 :5 our _w ( ideas is trans=m$1 give u some?+ bett] ?an ,coket[n4 ,! *ief use ( ! classic utopias t we h survey$ is to sugge/ t ! same me?ods :i* are us$ by ! utopian ?9k]s to project an ideal community on pap] may be employ$1 9 a practical way1 to develop a bett] community on e>?4 ,! weakness ( ! utopian ?9k]s consi/$ 9 ! assumption t ! dreams & projects ( any s+le man might be realiz$ 9 society at l>ge4 ,f ! bitt] fru/ration ( ,f\ri]1 ,cabet1 ,h]tzka1 & ev5 ,john ,rusk9 ^? :o are 9 se>* ( ! belov$ community may well take a w>n+4 ,:]e ! critics ( ! utopian me?od 71 ,i believe1 wrong 0 9 hold+ t ! bus9ess ( project+ pr\d] worlds 0 a futile & footl+ pa/ime4 ,^! anti-utopian critics ov]look$ ! fact t "o ( ! ma9 factors t condition any future are ! attitudes & beliefs :i* p h 9 relation to t future--t1 z ,mr4 ,john ,dewey w\ld say1 9 any judgm5t ( practise "o's belief 9 a hypo!sis is "o ( ! ?+s t affect its realization4 ,:5 we h project$ ! patt]n ( an ideal community & t5d to w>p our conduct 9 con=mity ) t patt]n1 we ov]come ! mom5tum ( actual in/itutions4 ,9 feel+ free to project new patt]ns1 9 hold+ t human be+s c w a *ange 9 _! in/itutions & habits ( life1 ! utopians 71 ,i believe1 on solid gr\nd2 & ! utopian philosophies 7 a great improvem5t ov] ! m nebul\s religi\s & e?ical sy/ems ( ! pa/ 9 t !y saw ! necessity = giv+ _! ideals =m & life4 ,9 fact1 x has be5 9 ! pictures ( ideal commonweal?s su* z ,plato's t ! 8ideal0 & ! 8actual0 h met4 ,x is true t ! pure utopians h ov]look$ ! fact t e in/itution has a mom5tum ( its own3 its spe$ may be quick5$ or r$uc$1 x may be swit*$ on ano!r track1 z ! ,roman ,*ur* dur+ ! ,re=mation 0 swit*$ f ! ma9 l9e ( civilization to a subsidi>y r\te2 & at times1 9 ! cata/rophe ( w> or revolution1 an in/itution may jump ! track altoge!r & be wreck$4 ,! critical problem = ! eutopian1 ! problem ( ! transition f "o set ( in/itutions to ano!r1 f "o way ( life to ano!r1 0 ov]look$4 ,plato's ,republic1 = example1 0 a fairly attractive place2 b "o wond]s 9 :at ,greek city 9 ! ,f\r? ,c5tury ,b4,c4 ! transition c\ld h tak5 place4 ,a transition implies n m]ely a goal b a />t+ po9t3 if we are to move ! _w1 z ,ar*im$es ?reat5$ to ) 8 lev]1 we mu/ h "s gr\nd to /& on4 ,x is only by pay+ att5tion to ! limitations ( ea* region1 & by all[+ = ! driv+ =ce ( hi/ory1 t we c make ! e>? come to t]ms ) man's idola4 ,?is is p]haps ! mo/ difficult lesson t ! eutopian mu/ le>n4 #aa ,:at1 !n1 is ! fir/ /ep out ( ! pres5t disord]8 ,! fir/ /ep1 x seems to me1 is to ignore all ! fake utopias & social my?s t h prov$ ei!r s /]ile or s disa/r\s dur+ ! la/ few c5turies4 ,!re is p]haps no logical reason :y ! my? ( ! national /ate %\ld n be pres]v$2 b x is a my? :i* has done v little1 on ! :ole1 to promote ! good life1 & has on ! contr>y done a great deal to make ! good life impossible2 & to cont9ue to cl+ to x 9 ! face ( p]petual w>s1 pe/il5ces1 & spiritual deva/ations is ! sort ( fanaticism :i* w probably seem z bl9d & cruel to future g5]ations z p]secutions = ,*ri/ian h]esy d to ! pres5t "o4 ,on ! same gr\nds1 !re are a numb] ( o!r social my?s1 l ! prolet>ian my?1 :i* run s badly aga9/ ! gra9 ( reality t !y _c be pres]v$ )\t ignor+ a great _m values :i* are ess5tial to a humane exi/5ce2 & on pragmatic gr\nds x w\ld be f9e & b5eficial to drop !m quickly into limbo4 ,!re is no reason to ?9k t !re w be a quick conv]sion f ^! my?s3 ! holocau/ ( w> has only int5sifi$ ! my? ( ! ,national ,/ate2 & our exp]i5ce ) religi\s my?s sugge/s on ! contr>y t ! =ms at any rate w be pres]v$ long aft] ! la/ %r$ ( reality has disappe>$4 ,b ! soon] ^? :o are capable ( intellectual criticism ab&on ^! p>ticul> my?s1 ! soon] w ^! idola fall into ! /ate :i* has be5 happily describ$ z 8innocu\s desuetude40 ,if our k ( human behavior c\nts = any?+1 h[ev]1 we _c put aside old my?s )\t creat+ new ones4 ,! eighte5? c5tury agno/ics v wisely realiz$ t if !y wi%$ to ma9ta9 ! values :i* _h be5 creat$ by ,deism1 !y c\ld n ab&on ,god )\t inv5t+ him all ov] aga94 ,9 turn+ away f obsolete & disa/r\s social my?s ,i d n sugge/ t we give up ! habit ( mak+ my?s2 = t habit1 = good or bad1 seems to be +ra9$ 9 ! human psy*e4 ,! ne>e/ we c get to rationality is n to efface our my?s b to attempt to infuse !m ) "r reason1 & to alt] !m or ex*ange !m = o!r my?s :5 !y appe> to "w badly4 ,"h is :]e we reap ! full b5efit ( ! great utopian tradition4 ,9 turn+ away f ! social my?s t hamp] u1 we d n jump bl9dly into a blankness3 we r ally ourselves ) a diff]5t ord] ( social my? :i* has always be5 vivifi$ & enri*$ by ! arts & sci5ces4 ,! idolum ( eutopia :i* we may seek to project 9 ?is or t region is n a c>te blan*e :i* any "o may fill 9 at 8 w & caprice2 c]ta9 l9es h already be5 fix$2 c]ta9 spaces h already be5 fill$4 ,!re is a cons5sus among all utopian writ]s1 to beg9 )1 t ! l& & natural res\rces belong undivid$ly to ! community2 & ev5 :5 x is work$ by sep>ate p or associations1 z 9 ,utopia & ,freel& ! increm5t ( ! l&--! economic r5t--belongs to ! community z a :ole4 ,!re is also a pretty common notion among ! ,utopians t1 z l& is a common possession1 s is "w a common function2 & no "o is let (f f "s sort ( labor ( body or m9d because ( any inh]it$ privileges or dignities t he c po9t to4 ,f9ally1 !re is ! almo/ equally common notion1 among ! utopians1 t ! p]petuation ( ! species leaves pl5ty ( room = improvem5t1 & t1 z f> z human k & =esight are wor? any?+1 x %\ld be appli$ to propagation2 s t ! mo/ reckless & ill-br$ %all n burd5 ! community ) ! support ( _! (fspr+ :ile ^? ( f9] capacity are neglect$ or ov]:elm$ 9 numb]s4 ,besides ^! g5]al conditions = ! good life :i* ! utopians unite to emphasize1 !re are c]ta9 o!r po9ts 9 ! utopian tradition ( :i* "o writ] or ano!r has giv5 ! classic /atem5t4 ,) ,plato we see ! enorm\s importance ( bir? & education2 we recognize ! "p good bre$+1 9 e s5se ( ! ^w1 mu/ play 9 ! good community4 ,sir ,?omas ,m makes u aw>e ( ! fact t a community becomes a community to ! ext5t t x has %>$ possessions1 & he sugge/s t ! local gr\p might develop su* a common life z ! old colleges ( ,ox=d h enjoy$4 ,:5 we turn to ,*ri/ianopolis1 we are rem9d$ t ! daily life & "w ( ! community mu/ be infus$ ) ! _s ( sci5ce1 & t an acute practical intellig5ce su* z we f9d today among ! eng9e]s ne$ n be divorc$ f ! practice ( ! humanities4 ,ev5 ! n9ete5? c5tury utopias h a contribution to make4 ,!y rem9d u by _! ov]emphasis t all ! pr\d & mighty idealisms 9 ! _w are s _m %ad[s unless !y are support$ by ! :ole economic fabric--s t 8eutopia0 is n m]ely a matt] ( spiritual conv]sion1 z ! anci5t religions taught1 b ( economic & geote*nic recon/ruction4 ,f9ally1 f ,james ,buck+ham & ,eb5ez] ,h[>d we c le>n ! importance ( conv]t+ ! idolum ( eutopia into plans & lay\ts & detail$ projections1 su* z a t[nplann] might utilize2 & we may suspect t a eutopia :i* _c be conv]t$ into su* specific plans w cont9ue1 z ! say+ is1 to rema9 up 9 ! air4 ,tak5 toge!r1 !re is a p[]ful impulse t[>ds creat+ a good environm5t = ! good life 9 ! classic utopias we h exam9$3 f "o or ano!r utopia we may draw elem5ts :i* w enri* e "p ( ! community's life4 ,by foll[+ ! utopian tradition we %all n m]ely escape f ! fake utopias t h dom9at$ u3 we %all return to reality4 ,m ?an t1 we %all return ^u reality & p]haps--:o c tell8--we %all re-create x6 #ab ,9 discuss+ ! f\ndations ( ,eutopia ,i am consci\s ( a c]ta9 ab/ractness 9 my me?od ( argum5t2 consci\s t ,i h n be5 a good utopian 9 deal+ ) ^! pr\d idola t we may project 9 e region4 ,let u come d[n to e>? n[ & realize :at all ?is am\nts to :5 we turn away f ! libr>y & m+le aga9 on ! highways t lead pa/ our door4 ,fir/ ( all1 ,i conceive t we %all n attempt to envisage a s+le utopia = a s+le unit call$ humanity2 t is ! sort ( ?9 & tepid ab/raction :i* ! discipl9e ( ! ,regional ,survey w t5d to kill (f ev5 9 p :o are n[ inur$ by education to deal+ only 9 v]bal ?+s4 ,all ! human be+s on ! planet are a unity only = ! sake ( talk+ ab\t !m2 & z f> z t goes1 !re is v little pr(itable conv]sation t c apply to a ,gre5l&]1 a ,p>isian1 & a ,*9aman1 except ! m]e obs]vation t !y are all on ! same little boat ( a planet & w\ld probably be mu* happi] if !y m9d$ _! own bus9ess & 7 n too insi/5t ab\t inflict+ _! in/itutions & _! idola ^u _! neighbors4 ,we %all h to dismiss1 z equally futile1 ! notion ( a s+le /ratification ( mank9d1 su* z ! work+ class1 s]v+ z ! f\ndation = our ,eutopia3 ! notion t ! work+ class consi/s simply ( urban work]s is a cockney imbecility1 & z soon z "o rectifies x & includes ! agricultural population1 we h 8humanity0 pretty mu* all ov] aga94 ,f9ally1 if we are to give eutopia a local habitation x w n be f\nd$ ^u ! ,national ,/ate1 = ! ,national ,/ate is a my? :i* sane p w no m sacrifice _! lives to ?an !y w\ld h& _! *ildr5 into ! furnace ( "s tribal ,molo*2 & a good idolum _c be f\nd$ on ! basis ( a bad "o4 ,z f> z ext5t or "* ( t]ritory goes1 we w rememb] t ! planet is n z smoo? z a billi>d ball1 & t ! limits ( any g5u9e community re/ )9 fairly asc]ta9able geographic regions 9 :i* a c]ta9 complex ( soil1 climate1 indu/ry1 in/itutional life & hi/oric h]itage has prevail$4 ,we %all n attempt to legislate = all ^! communities at "o /roke2 = we %all respect ,william ,blake's dictum t "o law = ! lion & ! ox is tyranny4 ,!re are "s #ae1jjj1jjj local communities 9 ! _w1 ! ,po/al ,directory tells u2 & our eutopia w necess>ily take root 9 "o ( ^! real communities1 & include )9 its co-op]ations z _m o!r communities1 z h simil> int]e/s & id5tities4 ,x may be t our eutopia w embrace a population z great z t 9 ! ,metropolis ( ,london or ,new ,york2 b x is ne$less to say t ! l& :i* lies beyond ! limits ( ! metropolis w no long] be reg>d$ z a sort ( subt]ranean factory = ! production ( agricultural goods4 ,9 sum1 z ,patrick ,g$des has f9ely said1 9 ! ,k+dom ( ,eutopia--! _w ,eutopia--!re w be _m mansions4 ,! inhabitants ( our eutopias w h a famili>ity ) _! local environm5t & its res\rces1 & a s5se ( hi/oric cont9uity1 :i* ^? :o dwell )9 ! pap] _w ( ,megalopolis & :o t\* _! environm5t ma9ly ?r\gh ! newspap] & ! pr9t$ book1 h completely lo/4 ,! p ( ,newca/le w no long] g to ,london = coals1 z ! p 9 ! prov9ces h 9 a s5se be5 do+ ?is la/ c5tury & m3 !re w be a m direct utilization ( local res\rces ?an w\ld h seem$ pr(itable or seemly to ! metropolitan _w :i* n[ has comm& ( ! m>ket4 ,9 ^! v>i$ eutopias1 x is safe to say1 !re w be a new realization ( ! fact t a cultivat$ life is ess5tially a settl$ life3 _! citiz5s w h discov]$ t ! great privilege ( travell+ f ,brooklyn to ,b]mondsey1 & f ,b]mondsey to ,bombay is sc>cely wor? ! tr\ble :5 ! in/itutions ( ,brooklyn1 ,b]mondsey1 & ,bombay1 & e o!r purely indu/rial c5t]1 are id5tical--sanit>y dr9k+ devices & cann$ goods & mov+ pictures be+ ! same :]ev] me*anical duplication ( goods = a _w m>ket has tak5 ! place ( direct adaptation to local ne$s4 ,x %\ld n surprise u !re=e if ! f\ndations ( eutopia 7 e/abli%$ 9 ru9$ c\ntries2 t is1 9 c\ntries :]e metropolitan civilization has collaps$ & :]e all its pap] pre/ige is no long] accept$ at its pap] value4 ,!re 0 ! beg9n+ ( a g5u9e eutopian movem5t 9 ,d5m>k aft] ! w> ) ,g]many 9 ! 'sixties3 "u ! lead]%ip ( ,bi%op ,gruntwig came a revival ( folk traditions 9 lit]ature & a r5asc5ce ( education :i* has r5ew$ ! life ( ! ,dani% c\ntryside & made an intellig5t f>m] & an educat$ man out ( ! boor4 ,x w\ld n be altoge!r )\t prec$5t if su* a eutopian r5asc5ce took place 9 ,g]many1 9 ,au/ria1 9 ,russia2 & p]haps on ano!r scale 9 ,india & ,*9a & ,pale/9e2 = all ^! regions are n[ face to face ) realities :i* ! 8prosp]\s0 pap]ism ( our metropolitan civilization has l>gely neglect$4 ,if ! inhabitants ( our ,eutopias w conduct _! daily affairs 9 a possibly m limit$ environm5t ?an t ( ! great metropolitan c5t]s1 _! m5tal environm5t w n be localiz$ or nationaliz$4 ,= ! fir/ "t p]haps 9 ! hi/ory ( ! planet our advance 9 sci5ce & inv5tion has made x possible = e age & e community to contribute to ! spiritual h]itage ( ! local gr\p2 & ! citiz5 ( eutopia w n /ultify himself by be+1 let u say1 a hundr$ p] c5t ,fr5*man :5 ,greece1 ,*9a1 ,engl&1 ,sc&9avia & ,russia c give su/5ance to 8 spiritual life4 ,our eutopians w necess>ily draw f ?is wid] environm5t :atev] c be assimilat$ by ! local community2 & !y w ?us add any elem5ts t may be lack+ 9 ! natural situation4 ,! *ief bus9ess ( eutopians 0 summ$ up by ,voltaire 9 ! f9al injunction ( ,c&ide3 ,let u cultivate our g>d54 ,! aim ( ! real eutopian is ! culture ( 8 environm5t1 mo/ di/9ctly n ! culture1 & above all n ! exploitation1 ( "s o!r p]son's environm5t4 ,h5ce ! size ( our ,eutopia may be big or little2 x may beg9 9 a s+le village2 x may embrace a :ole region4 ,a little leav5 w leav5 ! :ole loaf2 & if a g5u9e patt]n = ! eutopian life plants itself 9 any p>ticul> locality x may ramify ov] a :ole cont95t z easily z ,coket[n duplicat$ itself ?r\gh\t ! ,we/]n ,_w4 ,! notion t no effective *ange c be br\ght ab\t 9 society until millions ( p h delib]at$ ^u x & will$ x is "o ( ! rationalizations :i* are de> to ! lazy & ! ineffectual4 ,s9ce ! fir/ /ep t[>ds eutopia is ! recon/ruction ( our idola1 ! f\ndations = eutopia c be laid1 :]ev] we are1 )\t fur!r ado4 ,our mo/ important task at ! pres5t mom5t is to build ca/les 9 ! air4 ,we ne$ n fe>1 z ,?oreau rem9ds u1 t ! "w w be lo/4 ,if our eutopias spr+ out ( ! realities ( our environm5t1 x w be easy en\gh to place f\ndations "u !m4 ,)\t a common design1 )\t a gr& design1 all our little bricks ( recon/ruction might j z well rema9 9 ! bricky>d2 = a di%>mony betwe5 m5's m9ds betok5s1 9 ! end1 ! spe$y dilapidation ( :atev] !y may build4 ,our f9al ^w is a c\nsel ( p]fection4 ,:5 t :i* is p]fect has come1 t :i* is imp]fect w pass away4 ,,bibliography ,= ! b5efit ( ! read] :o wi%es to travel fur!r along ! trails op5$ up 9 ?is survey ( utopias1 ,i am giv+ a li/ ( ! pr9cipal books on ! subject4 ,?is li/ includes all ! important utopias t are accessible 9 ,engli%1 z well z a few t are n2 b x is n exhau/ive1 = ! region ( ,utopia has its swamps & arid places z well z its f]tile & cultivat$ l&2 & no "o b a s*ol>ly explor] ne$ attempt to ent] ! m =bidd+ p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,ne$less to say1 9 deal+ ) our hi/oric utopias ,i _h a r\gh crit]ion ( selection4 ,i set out to treat su* plans = ! improvem5t ( ! human community z _h be5 embodi$ 9 complete pictures ( an ideal commonweal?3 ?is exclud$ important essays 9 politics l ,hobbes' ,levia?an & ,h>r+ton's ,oceana2 & x rul$ out any treatm5t ( ab/ract idealisms :i*1 h[ev] important1 did n exemplify ! ess5tial utopian me?od4 ,next1 ,i resolv$ to deal at l5g? only ) ^? utopias :i* h ex]cis$ "s influ5ce on ?\ght & life1 p>ticul>ly 9 ! ,we/]n ,european _w4 ,?ird1 ,i s\ght to emphasize :at 0 common 9 ! me?ods & ends ( ! classic utopias2 mak+ pla9 _! relations )9 ! _w ( utopias & _! relevance 9 ! pres5t day1 r ?an attempt+ to %[ 9 any detail ! social milieu 9 :i* ea* utopian wrote4 ,9 deal+ ) ! n9ete5? c5tury my crit]ion became a little %aky2 & ,i frankly *ose ! n9ete5? c5tury utopias on ! basis ( _! association ) temporal movem5ts l /ate socialism1 ! s+le tax1 & syndicalism1 r ?an because ( _! con=mity to /&>ds :i* s]v$ to we$ out irrelevant utopias 9 ! e>li] c5turies4 ,9 devot+ a little space to ,f\ri] & ,sp5ce & giv+ %ort %rift to ,ow5 ,i h tri$ to re/ore ^! int]e/+ & significant figures to ! place t !y des]ve4 ,!re w d\btless be disagreem5ts ov] my selections & ! am\nt ( space ,i h allott$ to v>i\s writ]s2 b at lea/1 :]e !re has be5 madness !re has also be5 me?od4 ,c]ta9 p>ts ( ! argum5t are n cov]$ by ?is li/ ( utopias4 ,! be/ introductions to utopian lit]ature 9 g5]al are 9 ,g]man2 see ,r4 ,blueh]'s excell5t pamphlet on ,mod]ne ,utopi52 ,e9 ,beitrag zur ,ges*i*te des ,sozialismus1 ,bonn3 #aibj4 ,:ile ,mr4 ,van ,wyck ,brooks put me indep5d5tly on ! trail ( ,rabelais' ,abbey ( ,!leme ,i mu/ ackn[l$ge1 ) z mu* grace z possible1 t ,h]r ,blueh] anticipat$ me 9 grasp+ ?is clue to ,r5asc5ce culture2 & if any cr$it is due1 he des]ves x4 ,! mo/ exhau/ive catalogue ( pre-n9ete5? c5tury utopias is conta9$ 9 ,kautsky's ,vorluf] des ,mod]n5 ,sozialismus4 ,max ,be]'s ,hi/ory ( ,briti% ,socialism has an excell5t discussion ( ! relation ( ! ,utopians to socialism4 ,see also ,moritz ,kaufmann's ,utopias2 or ,s*emes ( ,social ,improvem5t1 f ,sir ,?omas ,m to ,k>l ,m>x1 ,london3 #ahgi4 ,9 ! excell5t ,hi/ory ( ,utopian ,?\ght1 by ,dr4 ,j4 ,o4 ,h]tzl] 7,macmillan3 #aibc71 ! phantasi/s are sympa!tically treat$4 ,! *apt] on ! ,c\ntry ,h\se might well be prefac$ by ,mr4 ,?or/e9 ,vebl5's ,!ory ( ! ,leisure ,class1 a satire :i* seems to me unique 9 s*ol>%ip & orig9ality4 ,! importance ( our social my?s & our collective repres5tations has be5 not$ by a :ole s*ool ( ,fr5* sociologi/s :o foll[ mile ,durkheim2 & ! dynamic =ce ( ideas has be5 treat$ by ,alfr$ ,f\ille4 ,on bo? ^! topics !re is a :ole lit]ature2 & x w\ld give a s5se ( false simplicity to s+le out any p>ticul> essay4 ,!re is a fairly popul> discussion ( ! place ( my?s & ideals 9 ! ,george ,sorel's ,reflexions on ,viol5ce1 & ,b5jam9 ,kidd's ,sci5ce ( ,p[] 7especially ,*apt] ,v474 ,z a loose illu/ration ( ! g5]al me?od & outlook embodi$ 9 ?is book ,i ref] to ! ,mak+ ( ! ,future ,s]ies1 edit$ by ,messrs4 ,patrick ,g$des & ,victor ,bran=d & publi%$ by ,williams ,norgate1 ,london4 ,!re is an able exposition ( ! regionali/ movem5t & ( ! fundam5tal realities ^u :i* ?is movem5t is bas$ 9 two books publi%$ 9 t s]ies2 namely1 ,pr(essor ,fleure's ,human ,geography 9 ,we/]n ,europe & ,c4 ,b4 ,fawcett's ,! ,prov9ces ( ,engl&4 ,two works by ! editors1 ,! ,com+ ,polity & ,our ,social ,inh]itance are likewise sugge/ive4 ,pr(essor ,g$des is ! out/&+ expon5t ( ! ,eutopian me?od bo? 9 ?\ght & 9 practical activity2 & ! read] %\ld consult 8 ,city ,developm5t 7#aijd7 & 8 ,t[n-,plann+ t[>ds ,city ,developm5t3 a ,report to ! ,durb> ( ,indore1 #b vols4 ,indore1 #aiah4 ,bo? ( ^! books are m9es f :i* all sorts ( preci\s ?\ghts c be qu>ri$4 ,rema9d]$ copies ( ! fir/ c be obta9$ f ,john ,grant1 ,booksell]1 ,ed9burgh2 :ile ! second is sold by ,bots=d1 ,high ,holborn1 ,london4 ,pr(essor ,g$des' "w exemplifies concretely a good "p ( :at ,i h s\ght to expla9 & def9e 9 n altoge!r adequate prose4 ,,utopias ,,plato 7#dbg ,b4,c4-#cdg ,b4,c474 ,! ,republic4 ,translat$ ) notes & essays by ,b5jam9 ,j[ett4 ,ox=d3 #ahid4 ,see also ,plato's ,critias & ,/atesman 9 ! same edition4 ,! ,laws1 :i* is a m detail$ attempt to "w out ! details ( a good polity1 is s lack+ 9 ,plato's orig9al inspiration t1 b = ,ari/otle's allusion to x1 "o w\ld promptly take x = ! "w ( ano!r h&4 ,,m1 ,,sir ,,?omas 7#adgh-aece74 ,utopia4 ,publi%$ orig9ally 9 ,lat9 9 #aeaf4 ,!re are num]\s mod]n editions4 ,see ,ideal ,commonweal?s1 edit$ by ,h5ry ,morley4 ,,&re1 ,,johann ,,val5t9 7#aehf-afed74 ,*ri/ianopolis4 ,publi%$ 9 #afai & translat$ 9 #aiaf by ,felix ,emil ,held "u ! title ( ,*ri/ianopolis3 ,an ,ideal ,/ate ( ! #ag? ,c5tury4 ,ox=d ,univ]sity ,press4 ,mr4 ,held's introduction conta9s an acc\nt ( ,&re's life4 ,,bacon1 ,,francis 7#aefa-afbf74 ,! ,new ,atlantis4 ,publi%$ 9 #afbg4 ,bacon contemplat$ writ+ a second "p :i* w\ld deal ) ! laws ( 8 ideal commonweal?4 ,see ,ideal ,commonweal?s4 ,,campanella1 ,,tomasso 7#aefh-afci74 ,! ,city ( ! ,sun4 ,publi%$ 9 #afcg z ,civitas ,solis ,poetica3 ,idea ,reipublic ,philosophi4 ,see ,ideal ,commonweal?s4 ,,allais1 ,,d5is ,,vairasse ,d' 7--74 ,l',hi/oire des ,sev>ambes4 ,writt5 9 #afgb & translat$ into ,engli% z ,! ,hi/ory ( ! ,sev>ites1 writt5 by "o ,capta9 ,sid51 ,london3 #afge4 ,9 ,kautsky's ,vorluf] des ,mod]n5 ,sozialismus ?is utopia is giv5 high praise & is rank$ z ! ,fr5* p>allel ( ,m's ,utopia2 b ,i feel t ?is is a sad error 9 judgm5t :i* p]haps arose out ( ! b>e fact t ! fir/ law ( ! great dictator ,sev>ias 0 to put all private prop]ty 9 ! h&s ( ! /ate1 to be dispos$ ( absolutely by its au?ority1 & to d away ) di/9ctions ( rank & h]$it>y dignity4 ,!re is little t is fre% or imag9ative 9 ,vairasse's treatm5t1 h[ev]1 & !re is no?+ l ,m's detail$ ef=t to gu>d aga9/ usurpation ( p[] by ! rul+ classes4 ,z simple fiction1 ! ,hi/ory ( ! ,sev>ites is1 h[ev]1 readable4 ,see also ,l',hi/oire des ,gallignes1 by ,tiphaigne de la ,ro*e2 likewise ! excell5t satire1 ,giphantia4 ,! description ( ,sal5tum1 "u ,m5tor1 9 ,fnlon's ,telema*us %\ld n be neglect$4 ,! ,abb ,morelly's ,basiliade is little m ?an a def9ition ( 8 ,code de la ,nature4 ,,m]ci]1 ,,l\is ,,seba/i5 7#agdj-ahad74 ,memoirs ( ! ,ye> #bejj4 ,publi%$ 9 ,fr5* 9 #aggb & translat$ into ,engli%1 ,liv]pool3 #ahjb4 ,,sp5ce1 ,,?omas 7#agej-ahad74 ,description ( ,sp5sonia4 ,con/itution ( ,sp5sonia4 ,london3 #agie4 ,privately pr9t$ at ! ,c\ri] ,press2 ,leam+ton ,spa3 #aiag4 ,,f\ri]1 ,,*>les ,,fran,,ois ,,m>ie 7#aggb-ahcg74 ,trait de l',association dome/ique agricole4 #b vols4 #ahbb4 ,le ,n\veau ,monde ,indu/riel4 #b vols4 #ahbi4 ,see also ,alb]t ,brisbane 9 8 ,g5]al ,introduction to ! ,social ,sci5ces 7,f\ri]'s 8,social ,de/9ies071 & ,selections f ! ,works ( ,f\ri]1 translat$ by ,julia ,frankl91 ) an introduction by ,*>les ,gide1 ,london3 #aija4 ,,cabet1 ,,ti5ne 7#aghh-ahef74 ,voyage en ,ic>ie4 ,publi%$ 9 #ahde & num]\s editions foll[$ dur+ ! next five ye>s2 see t ( ! ,bureau du ,populaie1 ,p>is3 #ahdh4 ,,buck+ham1 ,,james ,,silk 7#aghf-ahee74 ,national ,evils & ,practical ,rem$ies1 ) a plan = a model t[n4 ,london3 #ahdh4 ,,bulw]-,,lytton1 ,e4 7#ahjc-ahgc74 ,! ,com+ ,race2 or ! ,new ,utopia4 ,london3 #ahe--4 ,a fanta/ic romance ab\t a p :o live und]gr\nd1 possess deta*able w+s1 & comm& a pot5cy kn[n z 8vril40 ,x is p]haps n altoge!r )\t significance t ?is new hi]>*y ( indu/rial angels 0 conceiv$ by ,lytton 9 ! same decade t saw ! build+ ( ! ,cry/al ,palace4 ,,pemb]ton1 ,,rob]t 7--74 ,! ,happy ,colony4 ,london3 #ahed4 ,?is is an appeal to ! work+ class1 some:at simil> 9 temp] & me?od to ,buck+ham's appeal to ! middle class4 ,pemb]ton _h an individual sy/em ( psy*ology :i* he desir$ to apply 9 education4 ,?is utopia has n[ only a limit$ hi/orical significance4 ,,bellamy1 ,,edw>d 7#ahej-ahih74 ,look+ ,backw>d2 ,bo/on3 #ahhh4 ,equality2 ,bo/on3 #ahig4 ,,h]tzka1 ,,!odor 7#ahde-874 ,freel&3 ,a ,social ,anticipation4 ,fir/ edition publi%$ 9 ,g]man1 #ahhi2 ,engli% translation publi%$ by ! ,briti% ,freel& ,association 9 #ahia4 ,a ,visit to ,freel&1 or ! ,new ,p>adise ,rega9$4 ,translation publi%$ by ! above ,association1 ,london3 #ahid4 ,! fir/ "w lays ! f\ndations = ! utopia2 ! second is ! ideal commonweal? 9 action4 ,,morris1 ,,william 7#ahcd-ahif74 ,news f ,n[h]e4 ,london3 #ahij4 ,!re h be5 num]\s editions4 ,,h[>d1 ,,eb5ez] 7#ahej-874 ,g>d5 ,cities ( ,tomorr[4 ,london3 #aijb4 ,fir/ publi%$ z ,tomorr[ 9 #ahih4 ,unique among utopian books 9 t its eutopia has be5 p>tly realiz$4 ,see num]\s descriptions ( ,let*wor?1 ! fir/ ,g>d5 ,city4 ,,hudson1 ,w4 ,h4 7--74 ,a ,cry/al ,age4 ,london3 #aijf4 ,,?irion1 ,,mile 7#ahbe-874 ,neu/ria3 ,utopie ,individuali/e4 ,p>is3 #aija4 ,?is is "o ( ! r>e1 delib]ately individuali/ic utopias1 f\nd$ on "w1 lib]ty1 & prop]ty4 ,x assumes t a colony ( ,girondi/s 7 able to e/abli% !mselves 9 ,s\? ,am]ica4 ,,h]zl1 ,,!odor 7#ahfj-aijd74 ,altneul&4 ,leipzig3 #aijc4 ,,t>de1 ,,gabriel 7#ahdc-aijd74 ,und]gr\nd ,man4 ,london3 #aije4 ,a deft & well-conceiv$ fantasy1 full ( excell5t criticism4 ,t[>ds ! pa/ x is a utopia ( recon/ruction1 t[>ds ! future--b h]e9 lies mu* ( its *>m6--x is "o ( escape4 ,,wells1 ,h4 ,g4 7#ahff-874 ,a ,mod]n ,utopia4 ,new ,york3 #aije4 ,,cram1 ,,ralph ,,adams 7#ahfc-874 ,wall$ ,t[ns4 ,bo/on3 #aiai4 ,dr4 ,cram does n classify ?is "w z a utopia2 b ! hone/ critic _c help giv+ x t label4 ,dr4 ,cram sees no basis = eutopia )\t ! sy/em ( values & ! sanctions p]petuat$ by ! ,*ri/ian ,*ur*2 s9ce ?is leaves ! great] "p ( humanity 9 ,d>kness1 ,i _c agree ) him4 ,dr4 ,cram1 h[ev]1 is a f9e s*ol> & a /imulat+ critic2 & if "o c\ld only grant 8 assumptions 8 conclusions w\ld be magnific5t4 ,,morley1 ,,h5ry4 ,ideal ,commonweal?s2 ,plut>*'s ,lycurgus1 ,m's ,utopia1 ,bacon's ,new ,atlantis1 ,campanella's ,city ( ! ,sun1 & a ,fragm5t ( ,hall's ,mundus ,alt] et ,idem1 ) an introduction by ,h5ry ,morley4 ,london3 ,g4 ,r\tl$ge1 #ahhf4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes ,punctuation1 hyph5ation1 & spell+ 7 made consi/5t :5 a pr$om9ant pref]5ce 0 f\nd 9 ! orig9al book2 o!rwise !y 7 n *ang$4 ,simple typographical errors 7 correct$2 unbalanc$ quotation m>ks 7 rem$i$ :5 ! *ange 0 obvi\s1 & o!rwise left unbalanc$4 ,*apt] ,"o did n indicate ! beg9n+ ( section 8#e04 ,transcrib] add$ x by ref]5c+ an e>li] edition ( ! book4 ,text mo/ly uses 8utopia0 b sometimes uses 8eutopia04 ,bo? reta9$ "h4 ,page #ajd3 8! tale end0 0 pr9t$ t way4 ,page #bbd3 8p]functory seal ^u0 0 pr9t$ z 8p]functory real ^u02 *ang$ "h4 ,page #bca3 8adv]tiz$0 0 pr9t$ t way4 ,page #bid3 8,a4 ,e40 0 ! pseudonym ( ,george ,william ,russell4