,,! ,,romance ,,( ,,comets ,illu/ration3 ,,pr(essor ,e4 ,e4 ,,b>n>d ,! ,romance ( ,comets ,by ,,m>y ,,proctor1 ,f4,r4,a4,s41 ,f4,r4,met4,s4 7,daught] ( ! late ,ri*>d ,a4 ,proctor7 ,au?or ( 8,ev5+s ) ! ,/>s10 8,/ories ( ,/>l&10 8,giant ,sun & ,8 ,family10 8,leg5ds ( ! ,/>s10 8,! ,*ildr5's ,book ( ! ,heav5s10 ,etc4 ,,illu/rat$ ,illu/ration3 ,logo ,,h>p] ,,bro!rs ,,publi%]s ,,new ,,york ,,& ,,london ,,mcmxxvi ,,! ,,romance ,,( ,,comets3 ,,made ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,,copyright1 #aibf1 ,,by ,,h>p] ,,& ,,bro!rs ,,publi%]s ,,new ,,york ,,& ,,london ,e-,a ,d$icat$ ,,to ,,! ,,memory ,,( my k9d & helpful fri5d ,,pr(essor ,e4 ,e4 ,,b>n>d ,cont5ts ,,preface xi ,*apt] ,"o3 ,,comets ,,z ,,port5ts #a ,*apt] ,two3 ,,comet-,,hunt+ ,,z ,a ,,hobby #af ,*apt] ,?ree3 ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,donati',s ,,comet #cg ,*apt] ,f\r3 ,,comets ,,9 ,,di/ress #df ,*apt] ,five3 ,,photography ,,z ,,appli$ ,,to ,,comets #fg ,*apt] ,six3 ,,return ,,( ,,halley',s ,,comet ,,9 #aiaj #id ,*apt] ,sev53 ,,orig9 ,,( ,,comets ,,& ,,meteors #acc ,*apt] ,eight3 ,,meteor ,,/reams #afh ,*apt] ,n9e3 ,,did ,,life ,,fir/ ,,come ,,to ,,?is ,,e>? ,,9 ,a ,,meteor8 #aif ,illu/rations ,,pr(essor ,e4 ,e4 ,,b>n>d ,frontispiece fac+ page ,,daylight ,,comet #aiaj ,a #h ,,! ,,comet-,,seek] ,,on ,,! ,,ro( ,,( ,,! ,,y]kes ,,obs]vatory1 ,,at ,,williams ,,bay1 ,,wiscons9 #ah ,,comet ,,( ,,donati #db ,,photograph ,,( ,,moreh\se ,,comet1 #aijh ,c #fh ,,john ,,tebbutt1 ,,not$ ,,comet-,,hunt] ,,( ,,w9dsor1 ,n4 ,s4 ,w4 #gj ,,! ,,great ,,daylight ,,comet1 ,,septemb]1 #ahhb #hj ,,photograph ,,( ,a ,,bright ,,meteor1 ,,by ,,dr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,s4 ,,locky] #hd ,,comet #ahic ,,iv ,,brooks #ib ,,halley',s ,,comet ,,& ,,! ,,planet ,,v5us #id ,,halley',s ,,comet #aaj ,,comet #ahfa1 ,,july #b1 ,,z ,,se5 ,,& ,,drawn ,,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,proctor #aah ,,halley',s ,,comet #abd ,,! ,,orbit ,,( ,,halley',s ,,comet #abf ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,comet ,,( ,,janu>y1 #ahhg #add ,,ou? ,,lodge1 ,,kei?ick1 ,,:]e ,,! ,,/ra?more ,,meteorite ,,fell ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,ro(1 ,,decemb] #c1 #aiag #bjj ,,/ra?more ,,meteorite1 ,,ess5dy ,,fragm5t #bjb ,preface ,?is book conta9s an acc\nt ( "s ( ! qua9t ideas ent]ta9$ reg>d+ comets1 meteors1 & %oot+ />s 9 ! days ( long ago1 :5 !y 7 look$ ^u ) appreh5sion & fe>4 ,_! appe>ance 0 suppos$ to h]ald com+ disa/]1 until ,sci5ce lift$ ! veil :i* obscur$ _! real mean+ f view4 ,z soon z x 0 kn[n t ^! visitants f ! />-dep?s 7 compos$ ( su* airy texture t1 z ,sir ,john ,h]s*el once express$ x1 !y c\ld be easily pack$ 9 a portmanteau1 tail & all1 ! fe> ( comets 0 at an end1 & _! appe>ance is n[adays hail$ ) delight4 ,possibly no "o appreciat$ ?is fact m /rongly ?an ! late ,pr(essor ,b>n>d ( ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory1 at ,williams ,bay1 ,wiscons92 & z ,pr(essor ,fro/1 ! director ( ! obs]vatory1 rem>ks1 9 a lett] grant+ ! au?or a p]mit = ! use ( sev]al photographs ( comets tak5 by him1 8x is mo/ appropriate t y\r book %\ld be d$icat$ to him1 z he c]ta9ly _h an ardor 9 obs]v+ & /udy+ comets t has seldom be5 equal$40 ,9 ! *apt] on 8,comet-hunt+ z a ,hobby10 aft] describ+ h[ popul> x 0 "s ye>s ago1 :5 ca% prizes 7 (f]$ to successful f9d]s1 an in/ance is giv5 !re( 9 ! /ory relat$ by ! late ,pr(essor ,e4 ,e4 ,b>n>d1 entitl$ 8,! ,h\se t 0 ,built ) ,comets40 ,z a matt] ( fact1 x 0 built by means ( f9ancial aid obta9$ 9 ?is way4 ,%oot+ />s also come 9 = _! due %>e ( att5tion1 z well z fireballs :i* pres5t r an al>m+ aspect until "o realizes t ! sudd5 blaze ( light indicates _! annihilation4 ,! book is illu/rat$ ) pr9ts1 *>ts1 draw+s1 & photographs1 & p]mits = _! use are gratefully ackn[l$g$ to ! ,a/ronom] ,royal1 9 connection ) photographs obta9$ at ! ,royal ,obs]vatory1 ,gre5wi*2 & to ! directors ( ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope & ,johannesburg ,obs]vatories 9 ,africa1 & ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory 9 ,u4 ,s4 ,a4 ,also = p]mission k9dly giv5 by ! director ( ,h>v>d ,college ,obs]vatory1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 to make a copy f a draw+ ( ,donati's comet1 made by ,pr(essor ,bond 9 ! ye> #aheh4 ,grateful ackn[l$gm5t is made to ,mr4 ,w4 ,f4 ,d5n+ 7,bri/ol7 = ! loan ( ! photograph ( ! ,/ra?more meteorite1 :i* fell ,decemb] #c1 #aiag1 mak+ a hole 9 ! ro( ( ,ou? ,lodge1 ,kei?wick4 ,! au?or is specially indebt$ to ,mr4 ,d5n+ = 8 k9dness 9 look+ ov] ! ,,ms4 ( ,*apt] ,,viii1 :i* deals ) 8,meteor ,/reams & ,%oot+ ,/>s02 & to ,dr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,d4 ,crommel9 = a l favor 9 connection ) ! *apt]s deal+ ) 8,halley's ,comet z ,se5 9 #aiaj10 & ! 8,orig9 ( ,comets & ,meteors10 ! mo/ important *apt] 9 ! book4 ,x incorporates ! views advanc$ by my fa!r "s ?irty-five ye>s ago1 conc]n+ ! ejection !ory ( comets1 /an*ly advocat$ by ,dr4 ,crommel91 z comp>$ ) ! m mod]n capture !ory4 ,! *apt] is also ( special int]e/1 z1 9 a way1 x p>tly supplies ! miss+ *apt] 9 my fa!r's unf9i%$ "w1 ,old & ,new ,a/ronomy4 ,,m>y ,,proctor4 ,,london1 ,april1 #aibf4 ,,*apt] ,,"o ,,comets ,,z ,,port5ts 8,lo6 f ! dread imm5sity ( ,space1 ,return+ ) accel]at$ pace1 ,! ru%+ comet to ! sun desc5ds3 ,&1 z he %r9ks bel[ ! %ad+ ,e>?1 ,) awful tra9 project$ o'er ! ,heav5s1 ,! guilty nations tremble40 --,,?omson4 ,c !re be any?+ m awe-inspir+ to ! sup]/iti\s ?an ! /eal?y approa* ( a comet z x w5ds its way among ! />s1 f9ally blaz+ out ) a m>vel\s tra9 z x draws ne> to ! sun to pay homage8 ,z a di/ant relative ( t lum9>y1 x comes = an occasional visit f f>-(f realms1 & aft] a brief display dur+ :i* x adorns itself ) a spl5dor befitt+ ! mom5t\s occasion1 x )draws into ! obscurity f :i* x em]g$4 ,9 ^! enlight5$ days a comet is greet$ ) en?usiasm1 & ! cam]a keeps a fai?ful record ( its v>y+ appe>ance1 b 9 old5 times x 0 reg>d$ z a port5t ( evil4 ,comets h sometimes be5 pictur$ z dragons1 & accord+ to ,pl9y ! %ape ( a comet indicat$ its "* z a port5t4 ,?us1 "s 7 %[n z arr[ heads1 sea mon/]s1 swords1 lances1 & flames4 ,9 ,a4,d4 #fi1 accord+ to ,josephus1 sev]al signs appe>$ 9 ! sky ann\nc+ ! de/ruction ( ,j]usalem4 8,among/ o!r w>n+s1 a comet1 "o ( ! k9d call$ ,xiphias1 because _! tails appe> to repres5t ! blade ( a sword1 0 se5 above ! city = ! space ( a :ole ye>40 ,reg>d+ ! comet ( ,a4,d4 #gi1 x is said to h prec$$ ! dea? ( ! ,roman ,emp]or ,vespasian4 ,:5 ! physicians reprov$ ! emp]or = cont9u+ to live z usual1 att5d+ to ! bus9ess ( ! /ate1 al?\gh attack$ by a s]i\s malady1 he repli$1 8,x is fitt+ t an emp]or %\ld die /&+40 ,!n p]ceiv+ "s c\rti]s :o 7 conv]s+ toge!r 9 a l[ tone ( voice ab\t ! comet1 gaz+ significantly 9 8 direction mean:ile1 he rem>k$3 8,?is hairy /> does n conc]n me2 x m5aces r ! ,k+ ( ! ,p>?ians1 = he is hairy & ,i am bald40 ,feel+ 8 end approa*1 he obs]v$1 8,i ?9k t ,i am becom+ a god40 ,virgil comp>es a h]o 9 8 %9+ armor to a comet1 & makes ano!r allusion to ^! objects at ! end ( ! fir/ ,georgic 7,bk4 ,i1 #dhg-dhh7 9 ! c\plet ?us r5d]$ by ! ,rev4 ,canon ,newbolt3 8,at no o!r "t did m ?und]bolts fall 9 a cle> sky1 nor s (t5 did dread comets blaze40 ,9 ! natural hi/ory ( ,pl9y we f9d sev]al passages relat+ to ! significance atta*$ to comets by ! anci5ts4 ,= in/ance1 :5 ref]r+ to ! comet ( #dh ,b4,c41 he obs]ves3 8,we h 9 ! w> betwe5 ,cs> & ,pompey an example ( ! t]rible effects :i* foll[ ! app>ition ( a comet4444 ,t fe>ful />1 :i* ov]?r[s ! p[]s ( ! e>?1 %[$ its t]rible locks40 ,! sup]/iti\s dread 9 :i* comets 7 held 9 ! ,middle ,ages is exemplifi$ 9 ! gloomy =ebod+s ( disa/]1 su* z w>s1 pe/il5ce1 & ! dea? ( k+s1 :5 ^! app>itions 7 se5 9 ! heav5s4 ,well kn[n is ,%akespe>e's allusion to comets 9 ,act ,,ii1 ,sc4 #b ( 8,julius ,cs>03 8,:5 begg>s die1 !re are no comets se52 ,! heav5s !mselves blaze =? ! dea? ( pr9ces40 ,9 8,h5ry ,,vi0 we f9d ! foll[+ passage 9 ,"p ,i1 ,act ,i1 ,sc4 #a3 8,comets1 import+ *ange ( times & /ates ,br&i% y\r cry/al tresses 9 ! sky2 ,& ) !m sc\rge ! bad revolt+ />s ,t h cons5t$ unto ,h5ry's dea?40 ,! comet ( ,a4,d4 #dea or ,a4,d4 #dec ann\nc$ ! dea? ( ,attila1 & ! comet ( ,a4,d4 #dee t ( ! ,emp]or ,val5t9ian4 ,s widely spread 0 ! belief 9 ! connection betwe5 ! dea? ( ! great1 & ^! m5ac+ signs 9 ! heav5s1 t ! *ronicl]s ( old appe> to h record$ comets :i* 7 nev] se51 su* z ! comet ( ,a4,d4 #had1 :i* 0 suppos$ to h presag$ ! dea? ( ,*>lemagne4 ,:5 ! end ( ! _w 0 expect$ 9 ,a4,d4 #ajjj1 ! mo/ simple ph5om5a assum$ t]rible proportions4 ,we are told ( e>?quakes1 & a comet visible = n9e days4 8,! heav5s hav+ op5$1 a k9d ( burn+ tor* fell ^u ! e>?1 leav+ beh9d x a long tra9 ( light simil> to a fla% ( lightn+4 ,su* 0 its light t x fright5$ n only ^? :o 7 9 ! op5 c\ntry1 b ^? :o 7 )9 doors4 ,z ?is op5+ 9 ! heav5s clos$ imp]ceptibly !re became visible ! figure ( a dragon1 ^: feet 7 blue1 & ^: head seem$ cont9ually to increase40 ,h[ev]1 ?is 0 m likely ! mom5t>y appe>ance ( a %oot+ /> or fireball1 ?an ! comet :i* ! *ronicl] records z rema9+ visible = n9e days4 ,a t]rible picture accompanies ! description1 %[+ a meteor track s arrang$ z to resemble ! outl9e ( a dragon1 & le/ ! resemblance might n seem conv9c+ en\gh1 a fe>some look+ dragon to mat* is set beside ! cele/ial app>ition label$ 8,s]p5s cum c]uleis p$ibus40 ,=tunately1 p 7 too busy 9 ^? 8good old times0 fight+ & plund]+ "o ano!r to pay mu* he$ to ^! om5s 9 ! sky4 ,moreov]1 ) reg>d to ! ?reat5$ end ( ! _w1 _m cont5t$ !mselves ) ! reflection t !y c\ld n be mu* worse (f1 ev5 if ! _w %\ld p]i% at t p]iod4 ,consequ5tly1 a comet sc>e 0 av]t$1 & we h cle> evid5ce t1 z f> z ! pr$ict$ cata/rophe 0 conc]n$1 ev]y?+ w5t on z usual4 ,a4,d4 #ajjj came & w5t1 & /ill ! _w endur$4 ,great importance has be5 atta*$ to ! seem+ connection betwe5 ,halley's fam\s comet & ! port5t !ory1 ) /rik+ ev5ts :i* h occurr$ ^u ! occasion ( its sev]al returns4 ,= in/ance1 at its return 9 ,a4,d4 #ff x 0 probably ! sword ( fire describ$ by ,josephus z susp5d$ ov] ,j]usalem n long be=e ! de/ruction ( t city by ,titus4 ,its appe>ance 9 ,a4,d4 #dea co9cid$ ) ! defeat ( ,attila at ,*lons1 & x 0 pictur$ 9 ! ,nuremb]g ,*ronicle = ,a4,d4 #fhd4 ,x is well kn[n 9 connection ) ! fam\s ,bayeux tape/ry into :i* ,que5 ,matilda wove ! /ory ( ,william ! ,conqu]or's defeat ( ,h>old on ! memorable occasion ( ! battle ( ,ha/+s1 ,a4,d4 #ajff4 ,p are %[n po9t+ to an object 9 ! sky1 :i* is label$ ,i/i ,mirant ,/ellam1 ! wond]ful s-call$ 8hairy />0 :i* suppos$ly h]ald$ ! success ( ! ,conqu]or4 ,on an adjo9+ panel is pictur$ ! deject$ ,h>old ab\t to topple (f 8 ?rone1 & a solit>y att5dant express+ al>m at ! defeat$ mon>*'s prec>i\s position1 b app>5tly (f]+ no assi/ance ( value4 ,?us ! comet on ?is occasion s]v$ ! d\ble purpose1 x w\ld seem1 ( ann\nc+ success on ! "o h& & defeat on ! o!r4 ,und\bt$ly x caus$ great al>m on acc\nt ( its brightness & rapid motion4 ,9 #adef x return$ at a p]iod ( great anxiety1 :5 ! ,turks1 hav+ tak5 possession ( ,con/ant9ople ?ree ye>s be=e1 n[ turn$ _! att5tion to ,belgrade1 :i* !y 7 besieg+4 ,x happ5$ t ! moon 0 pass+ ?r\gh ! cresc5t phase at ! "t1 & ,halley's comet pres5t$ ! appe>ance ( a sword4 ,! cresc5t moon1 resembl+ ! ,turki% emblem1 is said to h be5 consid]$ an evil om5 by ! ,turks1 contribut+ ev5tually to _! defeat4 ,com+ to our own times1 x is surpris+ ! am\nt ( fe> & di/ress :i* 0 caus$ at ! return ( ,halley's comet 9 #aiaj4 ,insanity & ev5 cases ( suicide foll[$ at its approa*1 & !re is a well-au!nticat$ case ( an en?usia/ic "y lady 9 ,new ,j]sey1 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 :o decl>$ h] int5tion ( foll[+ ! comet :]esoev] x w5t1 b 0 re/ra9$ by h] fri5ds1 & tempor>y seclusion 9 an asylum1 f ?is p]il\s pursuit4 ,z ! "t drew ne> = ! comet to pass f ! morn+ to ! ev5+ sky1 :51 accord+ to calculations1 x w\ld cross ! plane ( ! e>?'s orbit at a po9t exactly betwe5 ! e>? & ! sun1 fre% al>m 0 caus$ le/ ! e>?1 9 plung+ ?r\gh ! dbris ( ! comet's tra91 might come to grief 9 consequ5ce4 ,a report t we %\ld be asphyxiat$ by ! poison\s gases1 su* z cyanog51 ( :i* ! tra9 0 said to be p>tly compos$1 did n t5d to less5 ! al>m4 ,cauti\s folk laid 9 a supply ( bottles ( oxyg5 to su/a9 life dur+ ! fatal night1 & "o or two ( a pessimi/ic turn ( m9d actually =e/all$ ! expect$ trag$y by committ+ suicide4 ,yet no?+ happ5$1 = ! simple reason t on ! night ( ! great adv5ture ! comet oblig+ly spread its tail s widely ap>t1 t we pass$ unh>m$ betwe5 two sections !re(4 ,illu/ration3 ,drawn by ,m4 ,proctor ,,daylight ,,comet #aiaj ,a ,z se5 at ,newca/let[n ,moor1 ,janu>y #bh1 by ! au?or ,nev]!less1 despite a few trag$ies consequ5t ^u fe> at ! comet's ne> approa*1 ! lurk+ dread ( evil x might h _h 9 /ore = u 0 consid]ably less on ! occasion ( ! return ( ,halley's comet 9 #aiaj1 ?an 0 usual 9 ! gloomy1 progno/icat+ p]iod ( ! ,middle ,ages4 ,yet c]ta9 ev5ts occurr$ :i* made "s p wond] if !re 0 n a k]nel ( tru? 9 ! s-call$ port5ts aft] all4 ,= in/ance1 dur+ ! mon? ( ,janu>y 79 ! ev5tful ye> #aiaj7 ! s-call$ ,daylight comet--a totally unexpect$ visitor to ! sun's doma9--blaz$ out 9 ! ev5+ sky & ! p ( ,p>is saw its reflection 9 ! flood :i* ?reat5$ to de/roy _! city4 ,9 ,may1 :ile ,london]s 7 wat*+ = ,halley's comet1 :i* prov$ to be a v disappo9t+ spectacle 9 ?is "p ( ! _w1 ! body ( ,k+ ,edw>d ! ,sev5? lay 9 /ate at ,we/m9/]4 8,:at wond]10 z ,mr4 ,ar?ur ,r4 ,h9ks obs]ves 9 8 book entitl$ ,a/ronomy1 8t ! imag9ation seizes ^u ^! deplorable co9cid5ces & ! fe> ( comets dies h>d among u80 ,t5nyson ?us ref]s to ,halley's comet 9 8 poem 8,h>old03 8,lo6 !re once m--?is is ! sev5? night ,y grimly-gl>+1 treble-br&i%$ sc\rge ( ,engl&4 ,look y1 !re's a />4 ,x gl>es 9 heav51 x fl>es ^u ! ,?ames1 ,! p are z ?ick z bees bel[1 ,!y hum l bees--!y _c speak--= awe1 ,"l ,leodw91 do/ ?\ believe t ^! ,?ree rods ( blood-r$ fire up yond] mean ,! doom ( ,engl& & ! wra? ( ,heav580 ,milton 9 8,p>adise ,lo/0 comp>es ,satan to a comet3 8,t fires ! l5g? ( ,ophiu*us huge ,9 ! ,arctic sky1 & f 8 horrid hair ,%akes pe/il5ce & w>40 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! poet 0 d\btless ref]r+ to ! comet ( #afah1 :i* 0 held responsible = ! great ,?irty ,ye>s' ,w>4 ,milton 0 only t5 ye>s old at ! "t1 b ! impression made on 8 m9d by ?is magnific5t comet ) a tra9 #ajd long 7or ov] tw5ty times ! di/ance sep>at+ ! po9t]s 9 ! con/ellation ( ! ,great ,be>71 8may well h la/$ until he wrote ! above l9es z a man ( fifty40#a ,else:]e1 9 8,p>adise ,lo/10 ,milton ref]s to a comet z ! br&i%'d sword ( ,god3 8444 be=e !m blaz'd ,fi]ce z a ,comet3 :i*1 ) torrid heat1 ,& vap\rs z ! ,lybian air adu/1 ,began to p>* t ,temp]ate clime40 ,accord+ to ! translation by ,longfell[1 ,dante 9 8 8,p>adiso10 ,canto ,,xxiv1 ref]s to comets z 8s\ls beatifi$40 8,?us ,beatrice3 & ^? s\ls beatifi$ ,trans=m$ !mselves to sph]es on /eadfa/ poles ,flam+ int5sely 9 ! guise ( ,comets40 ,turn+ to ! ,ave/a writ+s1 we f9d t ! ,p>sees ( anci5t ,p]sia classifi$ comets z p>ihs1 or fairies4 ,p>i is ! ,iranian ^w = fairy1 & is d]iv$ f ! ^w 8p>10 mean+ to tempt1 to en*ant4 ,! ,engli% ^w 8fairy0 also comes f a simil> root1 8fi]10 to en*ant4 ,nev]!less1 ^! comet>y fairies are n ! da9ty be+s ( ,engli% folk-lore1 b are describ$ 9 ! ,ave/a z 8ill-born fairies10 _! appe>ance 9 ! sky inspir+ t]ror1 s9ce !y are suppos$ to br+ disease1 calamity1 & dea? 9 _! wake4 ,9 ! picturesque language ( ! ,p]sian writ]1 8! di/ress ( ! e>? becomes z t ( a %eep :5 a wolf falls ^u x40 ,! foll[+ qua9t acc\nt ( ! influ5ce ( a comet is giv5 9 ! ,ave/a4 8,a hairy comet appe>$ 9 ! ye> #ffb1 ,hijri1 & ! increase ( ! spl5d\r ( ! _w 0 9 ,leo4 ,! /range ?+ 0 t x appe>$ to be ( ! proportion ( ! head ( a big man & emitt$ /eam f ! front4 ,x pass$ ov] ! c\ntries ( ,tibet1 ,turke/an1 ,*9a1 ,ka%g> & rema9$ visible = #he days4 ,9 all ^! c\ntries !re arose rebellions4 ,9 ,khorassan calamities ( ?und] & lightn+ & o!r su* ph5om5a appe>$4 8,_m ye>s & _m mon?s _h pass$ ov] ?is ev5t1 & !n 9 #hjc1 a tail$ comet appe>$ 9 ! z5i? ( ,con/ant9ople4 ,a/rolog]s in=m$ ,timur t f :at ! wise & ! exp]i5c$ h said1 x appe>s t an army com+ f ! direction ( ! ea/ w be victori\s 9 t c\ntry1 & a g5]al f t c\ntry w assi/ him4 ,timur 7lit]ally3 ! illum9ator ( ! face ( =tune71 :o 0 always expect+ an invasion ( ! c\ntry1 b ^: companions ( poor intellig5ce did n acquiesce1 att5d$ to t pr$iction & conv9c$ ! great & small ( 8 c\rt1 ( ! tru? & insight ( ! />-se]s4 ,! le>n$ 9 ! my/]ies ( ! heav5s are conv9c$ ( ?is1 t if ! comet appe>s )9 ! b\nd>ies ( a c\ntry1 its k+ dies4 ,if x is incl9$ t[>ds ! b\nd>y1 ! c\ntry ( ! gov]nor passes away f 8 h&s1 & plague & disease add to ! afflictions ( ! c\ntry40#b ,"s ( ! ,pahlavi books ref] to a comet z 8! ?ievi% ,mu%p> provid$ ) tails40 ,! comet 0 classifi$ z an evil _s 9 company ) planets & meteors :i* w&]$ hi!r & ?i!r2 :ile ! sun1 moon1 & fix$ />s 7 consid]$ good spirits1 because !y 7 always to be f\nd at appo9t$ times 9 _! places 9 ! sky4 ,9 ! my?ology ( ,*9a & ,japan we f9d t comets 7 suppos$ to be cele/ial repres5tatives ( e c\ntry on ! e>?1 & occupi$ ! important position ( ambassadors j\rney+ f "o cele/ial region to ano!r1 & giv+ =eca/s ( t]re/rial ev5ts ( importance4 ,= ?is reason1 c>eful records 7 kept ( ! dates ( _! appe>ance & ! pa?s along :i* !y travel$1 ?us enabl+ a/ronom]s ( to-day to trace back ! pa? ( ,halley's comet1 = in/ance1 to a v remote era4 ,:atev] ! motive t prompt$ ! accumulation ( records1 !y h prov$ ( ! utmo/ value4 ,comets are call$ 8broom />s0 9 ,*9a1 a "n d]iv$ f ! =m ( _! tails1 :i* h ! v prosaic "n ( brooms 7sui or s\i74 ,a comet )\t a tail 0 ref]r$ to z m]ely a />1 or a gue/ />1 f its visit+ ! prov9ces & tak+ up its abode 9 diff]5t places1 z at an inn4 8,_! home 0 9 ! ve/ibule ( ! cele/ial palaces2 !re1 "u an invisible =m1 !y await$ ! ord] ( dep>ture10 says ,p+r1 8! ord] s5t1 !y became visible & comm5c$ _! j\rney4 ,if1 :il/ on _! way !y put =? a tail1 ! /> 0 said to h become a comet40 ,! above quotation1 rem>ks ! same au?or1 expla9s3 8! fooli% & s+ul> idea t ! ,*9ese =m$ ( ! heav5s4 ,accord+ to !m1 ! heav5s repres5t$ a great empire1 compos$ ( k+doms & prov9ces2 ^! prov9ces 7 ! con/ellations2 !re 0 decid$ all t w\ld happ5 = good or ill to ! great t]re/rial empire1 t is1 to ,*9a4 ,! planets 7 ! adm9i/rators or sup]9t5d5ts ( ! cele/ial republic1 ! />s 7 _! m9i/]s1 & ! comets _! c\ri]s or mess5g]s4 ,! planets s5t _! mess5g]s f "t to "t to visit ! prov9ces = ! purpose ( re/or+ or ma9ta9+ ord]1 b all t 0 done 9 ! heav5s above 0 ei!r ! cause or ! =]unn] ( :at 0 to happ5 bel[40 ,! ideas ( ! ,*9ese 7 n m fooli% ?an ! extravagant my?s ( ! anci5ts1 & ( ! ,europeans 9 ! ,middle ,ages4 ,nev]!less1 al?\gh comets are no long] reg>d$ ) sup]/iti\s awe1 my/]y /ill cl+s to !m4 ,= ^? :o are unaw>e ( ! fact t a/ronom]s c trace _! pa?s1 pr$ict ! p]iodic returns ( ^! w&]]s1 & ev5 analyze ! sub/ance ( :i* !y are compos$1 !re are _m problems conc]n+ !m /ill await+ solution4 ,,*apt] ,,two ,,comet-,,hunt+ ,,z ,a ,,hobby 8,i h ! greate/ admiration = a man or woman :o discov]s a comet1 because ,i "k ( ! h>d & ?or\gh "w :i* ! success implies40 --,w4 ,r4 ,,brooks1 ! not$ ,am]ican comet-hunt]4 ,to hunt = a comet 9 ! ocean ( space is z fasc9at+ a hobby 9 its way z angl+ = a wily fi%1 requir+ 9 ei!r case an unlimit$ supply ( p]sev]ance1 pati5ce1 & sp>e "t4 ,9 place ( fi%+ tackle "o requires a telescope ) an ap]ture ( f\r or six in*es1 ?\gh excell5t "w has be5 accompli%$ ) small] in/rum5ts4 ,x %\ld be erect$ 9 a position comm&+ a cle> view ( ! horizon ei!r ea/w>d or we/w>d1 z comets travel 9 ! wake ( ! ris+ or sett+ sun4 ,dur+ ! daytime a glance at a map %[+ ! region ( ! sky to be exam9$ 9 ! ev5+ w save an endless wa/e ( "t1 to say no?+ ( ! disappo9tm5t :5 ! suspect$ object proves to be a nebula & n a comet4 ,on ! o!r h&1 fuzzy-look+ objects resembl+ comets h be5 mi/ak5 = nebul :5 9 reality !y 7 comets4 ,= in/ance1 9 look+ ov] ,sir ,william ,h]s*el's li/ ( #a1jjj nebul & clu/]s1 pres5t$ by him to ! ,royal ,society 9 #aghf1 suspicion is ar\s$ by ! foll[+ entry3 8,"s ( ! %ape ( a fan1 resembl+ an electric bru%1 issu+ f a lucid po9t1 o!rs ( ! cometic %ape1 ) a seem+ nucleus 9 ! c5t]1 or l cl\dy />s surr\nd$ ) a nebul\s atmosph]e40 7,philosophical ,transactions1 ,vol4 ,,lxxiv1 p4 #ddb47 ,z we %all see lat] on1 ! descriptions tally ) ! appe>ance ( comets :i* h be5 photograph$4 ,nebul & clu/]s likely to be on ! li/ ( 8suspects0 h be5 *>t$ 9 my fa!r's ,new ,/> ,atlas1 edition #aiae1 conta9+ maps ( all ! />s d[n to ! six? magnitude 7t is1 all />s :i* c be se5 ) ! nak$ eye71 z well z ! positions ( nebul1 clu/]s1 & fa9t] />s :i* become visible ) ! aid ( a small telescope4 ,x is a compact1 h&y volume1 s]v+ z an excell5t guide = ! amateur comet-hunt] 9 8 rambles ?r\gh />l& 9 se>* ( comet>y prey4 ,provid$ ) a copy ( ?is book1 & all[$ ! privilege ( us+ ! ,bra%e> 7"n ( ! mak]71 ,comet-,seek]1 :i* is /ation$ on ! ma9 ro( ( ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory at ,williams ,bay1 ,wiscons91 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 ! writ] sp5t _m a delightful ev5+ dur+ ! summ] ( #aiaj1 scann+ ! ev5+ sky = cele/ial w&]]s4 ,unable to resi/ ! temptation to l+] by ! way 9 admiration ( d\ble />s1 clu/]s1 & nebul /rewn along ! highways & byways ( />l&1 comets miss$ recognition4#c ,nev]!less1 ! ev5+s sp5t ) ! little comet-seek] 7 a s\rce ( unqualifi$ delight1 ?\gh no comet hove 9 sight4 ,! telescope ( six in*es ap]ture1 easily h&l$1 is inclos$ 9 a sort ( cab9 :i* rolls on :eels4 ,?is c be pu%$ backw>d a c]ta9 di/ance1 leav+ ! in/rum5t out 9 ! op5 air4 ,=tunately1 ! wid? ( ! cab9 0 su* t x 0 j possible = ! writ] to cat* hold ( ! rods on ea* side1 draw+ !m backw>d ! di/ance requir$2 :ile %utt+ x 0 an easi] matt]1 requir+ z a rule a g5tle pu%1 s5d+ ! cab9 back on ! roll]s provid$ = ?is purpose4 ,be=e do+ s1 h[ev]1 ! telescope 0 level$ & c>efully wrapp$ up to keep x free f any moi/ure or dampness :i* might p5etrate f ! outside1 & anyone :o has pass$ a w9t] 9 ,wiscons9 kn[s some?+ ( ! deep sn[drifts :i* mu/ settle sev]al feet deep 9 su* an expos$ site z ! ma9 ro( ( ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory build+4 ,aft] ! cab9 has be5 clos$1 x is hook$ at ! sides & rema9s s until ! s]vices ( ! telescope )9 are once m requir$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,comet-,,seek] ,,on ,,! ,,ro( ,,( ,,! ,,y]kes ,,obs]vatory1 ,,at ,,williams ,,bay1 ,,wiscons9 ,!n ! cab9 is reop5$ & ! wrapp+s are remov$ f ! telescope1 :i* is turn$ 9 ! direction ( a specially select$ />4 ,?is is kept 9 ! c5t] ( ! field ( view1 :i* is m>k$ by ! int]section ( two ?reads made f a spid]'s web4 ,z !re is no clockwork atta*m5t1 ! telescope is guid$ by means ( a small screw l a m9iature :eel or helm1 enabl+ ! obs]v] to pilot 8 or h] way ?r\gh ! ocean ( space4 ,!n a ke5 se>* is made 9 ! surr\nd+ region1 & if no?+ 9 ! way ( a comet 8/&s reveal$0 to ! se>*+ eye ( ! telescope1 ano!r region is explor$1 s t a m or less ext5d$ expanse ( sky comes "u obs]vation dur+ ! c\rse ( ! ev5+4 ,on "o ev5tful occasion a suppos$ comet 0 glimps$ & its position duly *>t$ ) reg>d to neighbor+ />s4 ,h[ev]1 on ref]5ce to ! /> map ! fuzzy-look+ object prov$ to be a nebula4 ,suppos+ by any possibility ! suspect$ object _h be5 a comet1 ?is c\ld h be5 prov$ beyond d\bt by wat*+ x = two or ?ree ev5+s 9 succession4 ,! pres5ce ( a comet c be detect$ z x sl[ly drifts aga9/ a backgr\nd compos$ ( ! />s1 :ile ! nebula is at a di/ance s remote t an obs]v] w\ld h to wat* = c5turies be=e he detect$ any p]ceptible motion4 ,nev]!less1 !re is a close resemblance betwe5 ! hazy-look+ objects kn[n z nebul & comets :5 !y em]ge f obscurity4 ,= ?is reason1 !y gave a great deal ( tr\ble to ,messi]1 a ,fr5* a/ronom] ( ! eighte5? c5tury4 ,s ke5 0 he on captur+ comets t ,l\is ,,xv nicknam$ him 8! ,f]ret ( ,comets40 ,consequ5tly1 we c imag9e 8 annoyance1 aft] discov]+ a suppos$ comet1 at f9d+ x 0 m]ely a cl\dy-look+ object :i* he t]m$ a nebula4 ,he kept a c>eful record ( ^! 8emb>rass+ objects10 s t he might n be l$ a/ray by !m aga91 & label$ !m ,messi] #a1 ,messi] #b1 & ,messi] #c1 9 ! ord] ( discov]y1 & ^! are usually briefly record$ on /> maps z ,m#a1 ,m#b1 ,m#c1 etc4 ,9 ?is way1 ,messi] made a li/ ( =ty-five nebul1 :i* he ent]$ 9 a catalogue publi%$ at ,p>is 9 #agga4 ,a c5tury lat] 7#ahga7 ! li/ _h be5 enl>g$ by "o hundr$ & ?ree discov]ies4 ,= ! li/+ ( ^! 8emb>rass+ objects10 z ,messi] t]m$ !m1 we are greatly indebt$1 s9ce 9 rec5t ye>s photography has reveal$ ! fact t !y are among ! mo/ m>vel\s objects 9 ! heav5s4 ,) ! assi/ance ( a small two-foot telescope ( two & a half in*es ap]ture1 magnify+ five times1 & ) a field ( view cov]+ f\r or five degrees1 ,messi] discov]$ ?irte5 comets4 ,8 fir/ comet dates f #agfj1 & ano!r ,fr5* a/ronom] nam$ ,pons1 :o discov]$ a comet 9 #ahjb1 jo9$ him 9 ! pione] "w ( mak+ a sy/ematic se>* = comets4 ,x is int]e/+ to note t ,pons 0 a doorkeep] at ! ,obs]vatory at ,m>seilles1 &1 ow+ to ! tea*+ & enc\ragem5t he receiv$ f ,?ulis1 ! director1 he a*iev$ ph5om5al success z a comet-hunt]4 ,a ?ird "n mu/ be add$ to ! li/ ( ^! ent]pris+ se>*]s aft] comet>y prey1 viz41 t ( ,montaigne1 betwe5 :om & ,messi] exi/$ a ke5 rivalry4 ,! foll[+ /ory %[s ! importance atta*$ by ! latt] to ea* comet captur$4 ,x seems t on "o occasion ,messi]1 :o _h discov]$ twelve comets1 0 look+ = 8 ?irte5?1 :5 8 wife 0 tak5 s]i\sly ill & di$4 ,:ile att5d+ to h] he 0 h9d]$ 9 8 se>* = ! comet :i* 0 f\nd by 8 rival1 ,montaigne4 ,:5 "s "o sympa?iz$ ) him ab\t ! loss he _h su/a9$ he said1 8,alas6 ,montaigne has robb$ me ( my ?irte5? comet60 ,!n realiz+ t he %\ld be m\rn+ ! loss ( 8 wife1 he add$ ! rem>k1 8,ah6 poor woman60 b he cont9u$ griev+ = 8 lo/ comet4 ,app>5tly ,messi]'s pa? 0 beset ) difficulties1 = 9 8 book entitl$ ,planet>y ,worlds ,bre5 tells u t on "o occasion :ile ,messi] 0 walk+ 9 ,presid5t ,s>on's g>d5 he 0 d\btless look+ up at ! sky on ! *ance ( detect+ a comet1 :5 he fell into an iceh\se1 & 0 tempor>ily disabl$4 ,lat] on1 we are told 9 ! same book1 ! revolution depriv$ ,messi] ( 8 little income & e ev5+ he 0 wont to repair to ! h\se ( ! not$ a/ronom] ,lal&e to repl5i% ! supply ( oil = 8 midnight lamp4 ,! political /orm made x necess>y = him to remove to ano!r neighborhood1 8:]e he no long] he>d ! clocks ( =ty-two *ur*es s\nd+ ! h\rs dur+ ! night wat*+s40 ,possibly 8 mo/ try+ exp]i5ce occurr$ 9 connection ) ! expect$ return ( ,halley's comet 9 #ageh4 ,x 0 fir/ obs]v$ by a f>m] nam$ ,palitzs*1 liv+ at ,prohlis1 ne> ,dresd51 :o saw x on ,*ri/mas ,day1 #ageh1 ) a telescope ( eight-foot focus4 ,he 0 an amateur a/ronom] possess$ ( ke5 sight1 & 0 9 ! habit ( se>*+ ! heav5s ) ! nak$ eye1 :i* seems to h giv5 rise to ! /atem5t t he f\nd ,halley's comet ) ! nak$ eye at a "t :5 ! pr(essional a/ronom]s 7 se>*+ = x 9 va9 ) _! telescopes4 ,mean:ile1 ,messi] _h be5 c>ry+ on a prolong$ wat* ( ! heav5s1 ext5d+ ov] ! :ole ( ! ye> #ageh1 b he did n actually get a view ( ,halley's comet until ,janu>y #ba1 #agei1 :5 he obs]v$ x regul>ly = ?ree weeks4 ,he 0 ! fir/ not$ a/ronom] to d s1 b accord+ to ! acc\nt giv5 by ,j4 ,russell ,h9d1 9 8 book on ,! ,comets 7page #da73 8,delisle1 !n director ( ! ,obs]vatory at ,p>is1 w\ld n all[ him to give notice to ! a/ronom]s ( t city t ! long-expect$ body 0 9 sight1 & ,messi] rema9$ ! only obs]v] be=e ! comet 0 lo/ 9 ! sun's rays4 ,su* a discr$itable & selfi% concealm5t ( an int]e/+ discov]y is n likely to sully aga9 ! annals ( a/ronomy4 ,"s memb]s ( ! ,fr5* ,academy look$ ^u ,messi]'s obs]vations1 :5 publi%$1 z =g]ies1 b 8 "n /ood too high = su* imputations to la/ long1 & ! positions 7 soon receiv$ z au!ntic1 & h be5 ( great s]vice 9 correct+ ! orbit ( ! comet at ?is 7#ahce7 return40 ,! "n ( ,j4 ,r4 ,h9d1 by ! way1 is ! only ,engli% "o includ$ 9 ! li/ ( ^? :o receiv$ a gold m$al giv5 to ! discov]] ( telescopic comets by ,fr$]ick ,,vi1 ,k+ ( ,d5m>k1 :o in/itut$ ! di/ribution ( ?is aw>d 9 ! ye> #ahce4 ,! gold m$al 0 also won by an ,am]ican a/ronom]1 ,m>ia ,mit*ell1 :o discov]$ a comet1 ,octob] #a1 #ahdg1 :ile engag$ 9 mak+ obs]vations f ! ro( ( ! ,nantucket ,a!num4 ,:5 eighte5 ye>s old %e 0 appo9t$ libr>ian at ! ,a!num1 :i* position %e held = tw5ty ye>s4 ,! ro( ( ! build+ 0 h] obs]vatory4 ,9 #ahfe %e became pr(essor ( a/ronomy at ,vass> ,college1 a position %e reta9$ until h] heal? p]mitt$ h] to d s no long]4 ,! grant ( ! m$al by ,k+ ,fr$]ick ,,vi 0 discont9u$ aft] ! dea? ( 8 successor1 ,*ri/ian ,,viii1 9 #ahdh4 ,! ,vi5na ,academy ( ,sci5ces =m]ly gave a gold m$al to ! discov]] ( e new comet1 b ?is also 0 discont9u$ 9 #ahhj4 ,!n ,mr4 ,h4 ,h4 ,w>n]1 a weal?y ,am]ican1 came to ! rescue & (f]$ a prize ( two hundr$ doll>s = e unexpect$ comet f\nd by an obs]v] 9 ,canada or ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 :i* br+s u to ! /ory told 9 ! autobiography ( ! late ,pr(essor ,e4 ,e4 ,b>n>d1 "o ( ! mo/ successful competitors4 ,he _h n9ete5 comets to 8 cr$it1 result+ 9 ! erection ( :at he qua9tly t]m$ 8,! h\se t 0 built ) comets40 8,times 7 h>d 9 ! la/ ( ! 'sev5ties & ! fir/ ( ! 'eighties1 & money 0 sc>ce4 ,x _h tak5 all t ,i c\ld save to buy my small telescope4 ,i _h be5 se>*+ = comets = upw>d ( a ye> ) no success1 :5 a prize ( two hundr$ doll>s = ! discov]y ( ea* new comet 0 (f]$ 79 #ahhj7 by ! f\nd] ( ! ,w>n] ,obs]vatory ?r\gh ! ag5cy ( ,dr4 ,lewis ,swift1 its director4 ,soon aft] ?is x happ5$ t ,i f\nd a new comet & 0 aw>d$ ! prize4 ,!n came ! "q1 #8,:at %all we d ) ! money8' ,aft] due delib]ation x 0 decid$ t we ref]r+ to ,mrs4 ,b>n>d w\ld try to get a home ( our own ) x4 ,i _h always long$ = su* a home :]e "o c\ld plant trees & wat* !m gr[ up & call !m our own4 ,s we b\ght a lot ) "p ( ! money1 :i* 0 on :at 0 aft]w>ds call$ ,belmont ,av5ue1 b :i* 0 n !n ev5 a road4 ,x 0 h>d to f9d ! lot aft] x 0 b\ght1 = x 0 out 9 ! op5 common4 ,! place 0 9 ! mid/ ( a scatt]$ settlem5t ( negro %anties1 :]e ! negroes _h #8squatt$' aft] ! w>1 ?\gh on beautiful ris+ gr\nd :i* ,i _h select$ 9 "p because x gave me a cle> horizon ) my telescope4 8,aft] "s sav+ & "s borr[+1 & ma9ly a mortgage on ! lot1 we built a little frame cottage :]e my "m1 my wife1 & ,i w5t to live4 ,^? 7 happy days1 ?\gh ! /ruggle = a livelihood 0 a h>d "o1 ) work+ f e>ly to late = a b>e su/5ance 7& ! hope ( pay+ (f ! mortgage71 & sitt+ up all ! re/ ( ! tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 hunt+ = comets4 8,we c\ld only look =w>d ) dread to ! meet+ ( ! notes t mu/ come due4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ! fir/ note 0 due a fa9t comet 0 discov]$ w&]+ along ! outskirts ( creation1 & ! money w5t to meet ! paym5ts1 & ?is cont9u$ aft] we _h gone to o!r sc5es4 ,! fai?ful comet1 l ! goose t laid ! gold5 egg1 conv5i5tly tim$ its appe>ance to co9cide ) ! adv5t ( ^? dread$ notes4 ,& ?us x f9ally came ab\t t ! h\se 0 built entirely ( comets4 ,?is fact goes to prove ! great error ( ^? sci5tific m5 :o figure out t a comet is b a flimsy affair aft] all1 inf9itely m r>e ?an ! brea? ( ! morn+ air1 = "h 0 a /rong compact h\se1 albeit a small "o1 built entirely out ( !m4 ,true1 x took sev]al good-siz$ comets to d x1 b x 0 done1 nev]!less40 ,9 connection ) ! prize (f]$ by ,dr4 ,h4 ,h4 ,w>n]1 ,pr(essor ,w4 ,h4 ,brooks discov]$ tw5ty comets2 ,b>n>d1 n9ete51 z already /at$2 ,p]r9e1 ?irte52 & ,swift1 elev54 ,aw>d+ ?is prize 0 giv5 up aft] a :ile1 b ! idea 0 aga9 reviv$ by a weal?y ,am]ican1 ! late ,mr4 ,j4 ,m4 ,donohoe1 9 ! ye> #ahij1 ) ! result t a bronze m$al is n[ pres5t$ to ! discov]] ( any new comet1 on ! report ( a committee ( ! ,a/ronomical ,society ( ! ,pacific4 ,!re 7 two aw>ds = ! ye> #aibc4 ,comet ,a 0 discov]$ indep5d5tly by ,sr4 ,dr4 ,arturo ,b]n>d1 ,colm5>ejo1 ,madrid1 ,spa91 on ,octob] #aa1 #aibc2 & by ,alex&] ,d4 ,dubiago1 ( ,kasan1 ,russia1 on ,octob] #ad1 #aibc4 ,! m$al 0 aw>d$ to ea* ( ^! two discov]]s4 ,on ,novemb] #aj1 #aibc1 ,mr4 ,w4 ,reid1 ( ,rondebos*1 ,s\? ,africa1 :o has be5 aw>d$ sev]al ( ! m$als = 8 discov]ies ( comets1 add$ ano!r to 8 li/ ( captures4 ,reg>d+ ! ease ) :i* comets may be discov]$ 9 ! cle> skies ( ,am]ica1 ,pr(essor ,h4 ,h4 ,turn]1 9 8 lecture on ,halley's comet1 giv5 be=e ! ,briti% ,association 9 #aijh at ,dubl91 ref]r$ to a meet+ :i* took place at ,albany1 ,new ,york1 ( ! ,bo>d ( ,visitors4 ,a discussion arose z to ! value ( "s desk "w :i* ! director 0 c>ry+ on1 z comp>$ ) ! discov]y ( a comet1 :i* x 0 sugge/$ w\ld surely add to ! reputation ( ! obs]vatory4 ,pr(essor ,boss 7! director7 promptly rem>k$ t no?+ 0 easi]1 if !y w\ld sanction ! outlay ( c]ta9 sums ( money to be us$ z sal>y = a p]son ( av]age intellig5ce1 :ile devot+ himself to ! se>*4 8,! *all5ge 0 accept$ on ! spot10 rem>k$ ,pr(essor ,turn]1 8! money subscrib$1 ! se>*] set to "w1 & )9 ! allott$ "t a f9e comet 0 f\nd4 ,pr(essor ,boss und\bt$ly took a c]ta9 risk 9 und]tak+ to cat* a comet1 j z a man :o w\ld und]take to cat* a fi% )9 a def9ite "t4 ,b he 0 anxi\s to indicate 8 views ( ! relative importance ( diff]5t k9ds ( "w1 & des]v$ ! success he v5tur$ to c\nt ^u40 ,"o wond]s if ?is 0 ! occasion ref]r$ to :5 x is said t ! comet-hunt]1 aft] a prelim9>y se>* = a comet1 return$ to ! room :]e ! ,visitors 7 await+ 8 report1 ann\nc+ t he _h discov]$ a comet 9 su* & su* a "p ( ! sky4 ,x 0 imm$iately claim$ by ,pr(essor ,b>n>d1 :o 0 pres5t on ?is occasion1 z "o t _h already be5 discov]$ by him la/ spr+1 or a ye> or s ago1 z ! case might be4 ,aft] ?is _h occurr$ two or ?ree times1 x is said1 ! comet-hunt] rem>k$ to ,pr(essor ,b>n>d1 8,:y don't y keep y\r comets *a9$80 ,h[ev]1 x may be z well to take ?is /ory cum grano salis4 ,! cl\d-lad5 skies ( ,engl& are n enc\rag+1 z f> z comet-hunt+ is conc]n$4 ,x may be possible1 :5 ! moon is abs5t1 to get a glimpse ( a comet l[ d[n 9 ! vapors aft] sunrise or sunset1 if ! *ances are favorable4 ,!n foll[s a week ( cl\d & mi/y skies dur+ :i* p]iod ! comet has vani%$4 ,= ?is reason ! discov]y ( comets 9 ,engl& is r>e1 b all ! m cr$it to ^? :o ev5tually succe$ 9 mak+ a capture4 ,our vet]an comet-hunt] is ,mr4 ,w4 ,f4 ,d5n+1 ( ,bri/ol1 :o has specializ$ 9 ! obs]vation ( comets & meteors4 ,9 8 book on ,telescopic ,"w on ,/>light ,ev5+s he gives an in/ance ( two exp]i5ces he _h 9 ! ye> #ahha1 %[+ h[ he miss$ "o comet1 b succe$$ 9 f9d+ ano!r1 j be=e sunrise1 :5 comet-hunt+ is n ne>ly z attractive1 "o imag9es1 z 9 ! ev5+4 ,x seems t on ,july #aa1 #ahha1 aft] a night's obs]vation ( ! />s1 ,mr4 ,d5n+1 j be=e daylight & prep>atory to ceas+ "w1 look$ 9 ! direction ( ! con/ellation ,auriga1 ! ,*>iote]4 ,! idea occurr$ to him t x might be wor? :ile to sweep ! surr\nd+ region ) 8 comet eyepiece1 b he hesitat$1 n ?9k+ ! prospect suffici5tly invit+4 ,!re is a well-kn[n say+ t he :o hesitates is lo/1 & on ?is occasion ,mr4 ,d5n+ und\bt$ly miss$ an opportunity = f9d+ a comet4 ,?ree nights lat] a bright comet 9 ,auriga 0 discov]$ by ,s*aeb]le1 an ,am]ican a/ronom] at ,ann ,arbor1 ,mi*igan6 ,t same ye>1 on ,octob] #d1 ,mr4 ,d5n+ _h be5 obs]v+ ! planet ,jupit] be=e sunrise1 :5 once m he hesitat$ z to ! advisability ( mak+ an attempt at comet-seek+1 b1 pr(it+ by 8 =m] exp]i5ce1 he made use ( ! comet eyepiece ) good results4 ,to quote 8 own words-- 8at almo/ my fir/ sweep ,i alight$ ^u a suspici\s object :i* aft]w>ds prov$ itself a comet ( %ort p]iod10 :i* means t x is a frequ5t visitor to ! neighborhood ( ! sun4 ,^! facts are enc\rag+1 & /ill m s :5 we rememb] t ,kepl] said1 8!re are z _m comets 9 ! sky z !re are fi%es 9 ! sea40 ,! fir/ woman to discov] a comet 0 ,c>ol9e ,h]s*el1 ! si/] ( ! fam\s a/ronom]1 ,sir ,w4 ,h]s*el1 & %e _h eight to h] cr$it4 ,9 h] di>y1 :i* has be5 mo/ c>efully pres]v$ by ,miss ,francesca ,h]s*el at ,obs]vatory ,h\se1 ,sl\gh1 !re is an acc\nt ( h] fir/ discov]y :i* occurr$ on ,augu/ #a1 #aghf4 ,dur+ ! abs5ce ( h] bro!r 9 ,g]many %e avail$ h]self ( ! opportunity to make use ( a small ,newtonian telescope he _h giv5 h]1 9 8sweep+ ! skies40 ,h] 8sweep]10 z %e t]m$ x1 0 ( #bg-;in* focal l5g?1 a p[] ( ab\t #bj1 & a field ( view #b #ab4 ,miss ,h]s*el _h be5 obs]v+ nebul :5 %e saw :at %e believ$ might prove to be a comet4 ,at "o o'clock on ! morn+ ( ,augu/ #b %e made ! foll[+ brief note 9 h] di>y3 8,! object la/ night is a comet10 & %e wrote to ,dr4 ,blagd5 ( ! ,royal ,a/ronomical ,society1 ask+ him to take ! comet "u 8 protection 89 reg>d to its "r asc5sion & decl9ation10 :i* correspond to latitude & longitude ( a place on e>?4 ,! "r asc5sion ( a heav5ly body is measur$ ea/w>d along ! cele/ial equator1 f ! v]nal equ9ox to ! h\r circle on :i* ! object lies4 ,decl9ation ( a heav5ly body is its di/ance nor? or s\? ( ! cele/ial equator1 measur$ on a great circle pass+ ?r\gh ! pole & ! cele/ial body4 ,c>ol9e ,h]s*el s5t draw+s %e _h made1 %[+ ! position ( ! suspect$ object ) reg>d to c]ta9 />s 9 ! same field ( view1 to ,dr4 ,blagd54 ,he 0 ?us enabl$ to locate ! comet & confirm h] obs]vation4 ,:5 ?is discov]y ( a comet 0 foll[$ by sev5 m1 ,c>ol9e ,h]s*el succe$$ 9 mak+ = h]self a ,european reputation = :at 0 call$ 8h] ecc5tric vocation40 ,9 #ahbh %e receiv$ ! gold m$al ( ! ,royal ,a/ronomical ,society1 & 9 #ahce 0 elect$ an honor>y memb] !re(4 ,! p]sonal int]e/ %e took 9 h] comet>y captures is evid5c$ by a neat little packet f\nd among h] pap]s aft] h] dea?1 conta9+ ! acc\nt ( h] discov]ies4 ,x 0 label$ 8,bills & ,receipts ( my ,comets40 ,?is also has be5 c>efully pres]v$ by ,miss ,francesca ,h]s*el 7! gr&daught] ( ,sir ,william ,h]s*el7 :o %[$ x to ! writ] dur+ ! summ] ( #aibb4 ,se>*+ = comets is n "p ( ! def9$ programs ( obs]vatories1 z x involves an imm5se am\nt ( "t ) results :i* only pres5t !mselves at int]vals4 ,h[ev]1 :5 an amateur succe$s 9 discov]+ a comet & has made kn[n ! fact to a pr(essional a/ronom]1 ! latt] completes ! "w ( comput+ its orbit & o!r elem5ts1 :i* is n usually und]tak5 by ! discov]]1 unless he has ! requisite ma!matical k4 ,yet x is advantage\s1 if he possesses a r+ micromet] 7an in/rum5t us$ = ! measurem5t ( small angles71 to le>n h[ to make use ( x dur+ ! fir/ few obs]vations1 :i* are usually made be=e ! comet has be5 se5 else:]e4 ,^! obs]vations1 if precise1 w prove ( ! greate/ value4 ,! news ( ! discov]y ( a comet %\ld be s5t at ! fir/ opportunity to ! director ( ! ne>e/ obs]vatory1 :o w communicate ) ! director 7,elis ,/romgr57 ( ! ,bureau ,c5trale ,a/ronomique de l',union ,a/ronomique ,int]nationale1 ,obs]vatoire de ,cop5hag51 f :i* c5t] x w be s5t broadca/ all ov] ! _w4 ,! discov]] w !n exp]i5ce ! delight ( hav+ a comet nam$ aft] him1 :i* he c claim =?) z 8 own individual cele/ial treasure trove4 ,z a matt] ( fact1 newly discov]$ comets are n[ usually ref]r$ to by _! date & ord] ( discov]y1 z ,comet #a1 #aibd1 sav+ mu* confusion z to ! "n ( ! actual discov]]4 ,?is 0 exemplifi$ 9 ! case ( a comet f\nd by ,pons 9 #ahai 7,,iii ( t ye>71 :i* ,encke %[$ to be revolv+ 9 an ellipse ) a p]iodic "t ( ?ree & "o-half ye>s4 ,h5ce its "n ( ,encke's comet4 ,x 0 aga9 r5am$ aft] ,w9necke1 :o r$iscov]$ x 9 #aheh1 b actually he _h no m claim to ! title ?an ,c>ol9e ,h]s*el1 :o discov]$ x 9 #agie--;h] sev5? comet--or ,m*a9 by :om x _h be5 previ\sly se5 9 ,janu>y1 #aghf4 ,! majority ( comets travel 9 an ellipse1 & ^? ( %ort p]iod1 l ,encke's comet1 make %ort j\rneys & may be consid]$ frequ5t visitors to ! neighborhood ( ! sun4 ,o!rs are long-p]iod comets1 su* z ,donati's 7describ$ 9 ! foll[+ *apt]71 s9ce x requires ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s = ! r\nd trip4 ,f9ally !re is a ?ird class ( adv5tur\s comets :i* da% 9 f out] space1 sw++ swiftly r\nd ! sun 9 ! focus ( its curve1 & d>t+ (f aga9 ) no prospect ( return+1 s9ce !y _c possibly get r\nd ! o!r focus4 ,:5ce !y h come or :i!r !y h gone1 no man kn[s6 ,!y are l ! sp>r[ ref]r$ to 9 a simile us$ by a c\rti] 9 ! days ( ,k+ ,edw91 :o comp>$ its fleet+ visit to ! life ( a man3 8,x is z a sp>r['s flight ?r\gh ! hall :5 y are sitt+ at meat 9 w9t] tide1 ) ! w>m fire light$ on ! he>?1 b ! icy ra9 /orm )\t4 ,! sp>r[ flies 9 at "o door1 & t>ries = a mom5t 9 ! light & heat ( ! he>? fire1 & !n fly+ =? f ! o!r1 vani%es into ! w9try d>kness :5ce x came40 ,,*apt] ,,?ree ,,! ,,/ory ,,( ,,donati',s ,,comet ,ha/ ?\ ne'er se5 ! comet's flam+ flight8 ,?' illu/ri\s /rang]1 pass+ t]ror %$s ,on gaz+ ,nations1 f 8 fi]y tra9 ,( l5g? enorm\s1 takes 8 ample r\nd ,?ro' dep?s ( e!r2 coa/s unnumb]$ ,worlds1 ,( m ?an sol> glory1 d\bles wide ,heav5's mighty cape2 & !n revisits ,e>?1 ,f ! long travel ( a ?\s& ye>s4 --,,"y4 8,night ,?\ghts40 ,:5 a comet draws ne> to pay its respects to its rul]1 ! sun1 x usually assumes a spl5dor befitt+ ?is mom5t\s occasion4 ,x adorns itself ) a glitt]+ tra9 millions ( miles 9 l5g?1 & compos$ ( myriads ( p>ticles reflect+ ! sun's light4 ,! head is (t5 envelop$ 9 a multiplicity ( transp>5t veils1 ?r\gh :i* bright jets may be se5 emanat+ f ! />-l nucleus )94 ,"s comets h be5 se5 ) five or six tra9s1 spread out l t ( a peacock1 ! cam]a reveal+ rapid & m>vel\s *anges 9 _! appe>ance1 dur+ ! c\rse ( a few h\rs4 ,no fair dbutante1 ab\t to be pres5t$ to royalty1 c\ld vie ) a comet 9 caprici\sness reg>d+ h] raim5t1 nor c\ld %e equal x 9 spl5dor1 ev5 ?\gh %e own$ ! my/ic lamp ( ,aladd94 ,! brief assumption ( spl5dor on ! "p ( a comet is v unlike its usual humdrum exi/5ce :5 x is z yet s f> di/ant z to be n only invisible to ! comet-hunt]1 b beyond range ( ! f>-rea*+ eye ( ! telescope or ! entrapp+ p[] ( ! cam]a4 ,n ! slighte/ impression is made on ! photographic plate1 & z f> z an obs]v] on planet e>? is conc]n$ ! comet might h ceas$ to exi/4 ,x is only :5 x beg9s to draw ne> to ! sun t we are enabl$ to obta9 a record ( ! m>vel\s *anges produc$ 9 its appe>ance1 until at its ne>e/ approa* x has sometimes be5 kn[n to vibrate z ?\gh ) int5se excitem5t4 ,= in/ance1 9 ! case ( ,biela's comet1 conc]n+ :i* a special acc\nt is giv5 fur!r on1 x 0 app>5tly s ov]come at its la/ appe>ance 9 #ahdf1 t x split 9 two & lit]ally w5t to pieces4 ,q a diff]5t /ory is told conc]n+ ! magnific5t comet :i* greet$ u 9 ! summ] ( #aheh1 & 0 fir/ se5 at ,flor5ce on ! #b;d ( ,june by ,giambatti/a ,donati1 aft] :om x 0 nam$4 ,at ! "t x 0 m]ely a nebul\s mass ab\t "o-tw5tie? ! diamet] ( ! moon1 & = "s weeks x reta9$ ab\t ! same brightness except = a gradual increase 9 ! c5tral />-l po9t1 ! only indication ( its com+ spl5dor4 ,at ! end ( ,augu/ x _h increas$ s rapidly 9 brightness t by ,septemb] x 0 visible to ! unaid$ eye1 resembl+ a hazy-look+ /> adorn$ ) a small tail4 ,gradually1 z x drew ne>] to ! sun1 x increas$ 9 size & spl5dor1 rea*+ its maximum brightness 9 ,octob]4 ,its tra9 ext5d$ ov] an arc ( =ty degrees1 or eight times ! di/ance sep>at+ ,alpha & ,beta--! s-call$ po9t]s 9 ! con/ellation ( ,ursa ,major1 ! ,great ,be>4 ,its real l5g? 0 !n ab\t =ty-five million miles1 ) a wid? ( t5 million4 ,! nucleus v>i$ 9 diamet] f five hundr$ miles to ?ree ?\s&1 or ne>ly half t ( our planet e>?4 ,! comet 0 kept "u accurate obs]vation = fully n9e mon?s1 & dur+ "p ( t "t x 0 visible to ! nak$ eye4 ,pr(essor ,g4 ,p4 ,bond1 ! director ( ! ,h>v>d ,college ,obs]vatory1 avail$ himself ( ! opportunity ?us pres5t$1 ( mak+ a s]ies ( draw+s ( ! comet :i* convey an excell5t idea ( its *ang+ appe>ance1 & ! delicate %ad+s & mi/y outl9es ( ?is m>vel\s visitant f ! />-dep?s4 ,^! draw+s are ( all ! m value1 s9ce x w be ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s be=e ,donati's comet visits ^! realms aga94 ,to g back to ! e>li] hi/ory ( ! comet1 be=e ^! draw+s 7 made1 we f9d t its tail 0 n obs]v$ telescopically until sev5ty-?ree days aft] ,donati's discov]y4 ,x 0 se5 on ,augu/ #ad1 #aheh1 by a/ronom]s at ,cop5hag5 & ,vi5na1 b n at ,h>v>d until ! #bj? ( t mon?4 ,! brilliancy ( ! comet 0 some:at impair$ by a /rong twilight & its l[ altitude4 ,?is may acc\nt = ! fact t x 0 describ$ z ruddy 9 hue1 & conc5trat$1 & hav+ a m]e sugge/ion ( a tail4 ,on ,augu/ #bc ! tail 0 /ill s fa9t z to be easily ov]look$ 9 ! moonlight1 ! record be+3 8,bright1 b no trace ( a tail2 ! sky cle>1 b ! moon ne>ly at full40 ,on ,augu/ #cj1 accord+ to ! record 9 ! ,times 7,london71 ( obs]vations made by ,j4 ,russell ,h9d1 8,! comet 0 j p]ceptible to ! nak$ eye2 its nucleus is /rongly cond5s$ & brilliant1 & ! tail is ?r[n (f 9 ! ord9>y =m1 )\t bifurcation40 ,dur+ ! mon? ( ,septemb] ! tail ( ! comet %[$ a t5d5cy to curve1 & by ,septemb] #g x 0 record$ z be+ v conspicu\s to ! nak$ eye4 ,septemb] #ab x _h increas$ wond]fully 9 brilliancy1 & on ,septemb] #af ! fir/ sket* 0 made by ,g4 ,p4 ,bond1 %[+ a view ( x ) ! nak$ eye4 ,! tail 0 n[ e/imat$ z be+ #g long1 ?us exce$+ ! di/ance 7( #e7 sep>at+ ! po9t]s4 ,a tang5t to ! convex edge ne> ! nucleus prolong$ w\ld pass ?r\gh ,delta 9 ,ursa ,major1 & x 0 noticeable t ?is side 0 ! brighte/ 9 all ! sket*es4 ,a n>r[ d>k *annel ext5d+ f ! nucleus up ! axis ( ! tail 0 v rem>kable1 & its edges 7 surpris+ly well def9$1 especially v ne> ! nucleus4 ,9 fact1 ! comp>atively %>p def9ition ( ! ea/]n edge ( ! tail 0 9 m>k$ contra/ to ! s(tness ( outl9e on ! we/]n side4 7,see ,mon?ly ,notices1 ,r4 ,a4 ,s41 ,vol4 ,,xix1 pp4 #hh-hi47 ,by ,septemb] #bg ! l5g? ( ! tail z obs]v$ ) ! nak$ eye 0 ab\t #i or #aj4 ,x 0 curv$1 convex t[>d ! /> ,cor ,c>oli1 be+ mu* bett] def9$ on ! side ne> ! /> ?an on ! concave side4 ,! n>r[ d>k /ripe 9 ! axis ( ! tail 0 /ill v m>k$1 & ! outl9e ( ! tail c\ld be trac$ f ! nucleus halfway to ,delta 9 ,ursa ,major1 & a degree or s fur!r4 ,x 0 n[ /rongly curv$ & its upp] outl9e well def9$ & bright z comp>$ ) ! inn]4 ,a /raight ray or second>y tail c\ld be se5 fa9tly sugge/$ on ! ea/]n side & rea*+ nor?w>d f ! ma9 tail4 ,by ,octob] #c a m>vel\s *ange _h tak5 place 9 ! appe>ance ( ! comet4 ,! tra9 _h increas$ 9 l5g? & brightness1 ext5d+ ne>ly z f> z ,eta 9 ,ursa ,major1 & ! /raight ray or second>y tra9 0 /ill v mu* 9 evid5ce4 ,x 0 supplem5t$ by ano!r sl5d] ray1 z %[n 9 draw+s made by ,pr(essor ,bond on ,octob] #d & #e1 b x _h vani%$ by ,octob] #f1 al?\gh its position 0 indicat$1 = t date1 9 ! fa9t sugge/ion ( a ray betwe5 ! ma9 tail & ! out] or second>y tail4 ,! bright /> to ! left ( ! nucleus ( ! comet is ,arcturus 79 ! con/ellation ,botes71 ov] :i* ! comet pass$ )\t p]ceptibly dim9i%+ its brightness1 ?us %[+ ( :at airy texture ! tra9 ( a comet is compos$4 ,0 x n ,sir ,john ,h]s*el :o said t a comet c\ld be easily pack$ 9 a portmanteau1 & 9 ! rec5t edition ( ,! ,vault ( ,heav5 ,sir ,ri*>d ,gregory gives ! foll[+ unique illu/ration ( ! insignificance ( ! :ole mass ( a comet3 ,illu/ration3 ,,comet ,,( ,,donati ,photograph tak5 ,octob] #aj1 #aheh1 at ,h>v>d ,college ,obs]vatory 8,suppose we c\ld take a comet1 head1 tail & all1 & put x 9 "o pan ( a balance1 & we c\ld c>ve out f ! air :i* surr\nds u an object ( ! same size to put 9 ! o!r pan1 we %\ld f9d t our arial body weigh$ f\r or five ?\s& times m ?an ! comet4 ,b ?\gh a comet z a :ole is light] ?an air1 x mu/ n be conclud$ t comets consi/ solely ( gases 9 a /ate ( extreme t5uity4 ,! head may be1 & v probably is1 compos$ ( a l>ge numb] ( small b solid bodies2 nev]!less1 :5 a comet is tak5 9 its entirety1 ! mean d5sity is extremely l[40 ,by ,octob] #aj1 ! comet 0 rec$+ f ! neighborhood ( ,ursa ,major1 drift+ across ! con/ellation ( ,botes4 ,on ?is date ! comet made its ne>e/ approa* to ! e>?4 ,its tra9 n[ resembl$ t ( a widely op5$ fan1 b its outl9e 0 already gr[+ dim4 ,x %[$ /range alt]ations ( d>k & bright b&s1 resembl+ ! /ream]s :i* are sometimes se5 to break up ! cont9u\s outl9e ( an auroral ar*4 ,! extreme l5g? ( ! tail 0 ne>ly #fd1 ! greate/ ext5t obs]v$ dur+ ! app>ition ( ! comet4 ,! second>y tail 0 /ill visible1 b extremely fa9t4 ,octob] #aa1 ! d>k /ripe 9 ! tail _h almo/ vani%$1 ! second>y tail 0 no long] to be se51 & ! ma9 tail 0 curv$ l an o/ri* plume4 ,its l5g? 0 n[ judg$ to be ab\t #cj1 & ! nucleus _h some:at dim9i%$ 9 brightness4 ,by ,octob] #ae ! comet 0 consid]ably fa9t] & small]1 z se5 ) ! nak$ eye1 & x 0 b5t s\?w>d l a sail waft$ by a cele/ial breeze4 ,aft] ! middle ( ,octob]1 ! comet 0 be/ se5 f ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 & ! la/ glimpse obta9$ 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e 0 on ,octob] #be1 :5 x 0 at an altitude ( #c1 ! sky =tunately be+ v cle>4 ,! nucleus 0 /ill bright1 b ! tail 0 only #a long4 ,its c\rse 0 !n foll[$ by ,macle>1 ,royal ,a/ronom] at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope1 :o report$ t on ,decemb] #bc ! comet 0 m]ely a fa9t nebul\s body1 ab\t #ij 9 diamet]1 ) a slight c5tral cond5sation ( light & no trace ( a tail4 ,?us1 x vani%$ 9 ! remote dep?s ( space1 9 ! same undecorat$ condition z :5 x fir/ made its ev5tful db to gladd5 ! eyes ( mortals on planet e>?4 ,its visit la/$ b "o hundr$ & sev5ty-sev5 days1 f ! "t ( its fir/ appe>ance until x took its dep>ture along a track :i* w n br+ x )9 our k5 aga9 until ne>ly two ?\s& ye>s h roll$ away4 ,,biographical ,,note4--,g4 ,b4 ,donati1 ! ,italian a/ronom]1 0 born at ,pisa1 9 #ahbf4 ,at ! age ( tw5ty-six1 he obta9$ a po/ 9 ! obs]vatory at ,flor5ce1 & !re by 8 sup]ior abilities1 acquirem5ts1 & unwe>i$ application to duty soon ga9$ a high reputation among ! m5 ( sci5ce ( 8 native c\ntry4 ,he became kn[n to ! _w 9 #aheh1 by 8 discov]y ( ! magnific5t comet call$ by 8 "n4 ,9 #ahfd he 0 appo9t$ director ( ! obs]vatory 9 :i* he _h work$ s effici5tly = twelve ye>s4 ,he !n und]took ! ardu\s task ( sup]9t5d+ ! erection ( a new & m conv5i5t obs]vatory on ! site ( ,arcetri1 ne> ,flor5ce4 ,all difficulties 7 conqu]$1 ! new obs]vatory 0 9 work+ condition1 & ! director _h ent]$ ^u a new s]ies ( obs]vations :5 8 labors 7 sudd5ly cut %ort by dea?4 ,he di$ at 8 home 9 ,arcetri1 ,septemb] #bi1 #ahgc4 ,,*apt] ,,f\r ,,comets ,,9 ,,di/ress 8,?\ come/ :5ce no mortal se] c "k1 ,?\ goe/ :i!r no?+ human dreams40 --,,anon4 ,until ! photographic eyes ( ,sci5ce detect$ ! peculi>ities ( comets1 & ma!maticians calculat$ ) un]r+ accuracy _! com+s & go+s1 !y 7 look$ ^u1 z we h already se51 ) m or less suspicion & dread4 ,n[adays1 we "k t ^! 8airy no?+s10 z ,sir ,john ,h]s*el t]m$ !m1 h be5 unju/ly malign$4 ,7 !y giv5 ! p[] ( spee*1 !y c\ld a tale unfold ( adv5tur\s ?rills & ov]:elm+ disa/]s enc\nt]$ dur+ _! voyages 9 space1 f> exce$+ 9 int]e/ any /ory ( t]re/rial adv5ture4 ,x w\ld take ! p5 ( a ,jules ,v]ne & an au?or gift$ ) 8 vivid imag9ation to describe ! erratic c>e] ( a comet4 ,take = in/ance ! tragic fate ( ! headless comet ( #ahhg1 :i* 0 describ$ by ,dr4 ,?om ( ! ,cordoba ,univ]sity z3 8a beautiful object ) a n>r[1 /raight1 %>ply def9$ graceful tail ov] fifty degrees long4 ,x 0 %9+ ) a s(t />ry light aga9/ a d>k sky1 beg9n+ app>5tly )\t a head1 & gradually wid5+ & fad+ z x ext5d$ upw>ds40#d ,n[ ! popul> idea ( a well-regulat$ comet is a /> ) a tail1 b a tail )\t an accompany+ /> seems prepo/]\s1 yet a headless comet ?is object rema9$ z view$ ) ! nak$ eye4 ,! :y & ! :]e=e ( ! trag$y is unkn[n1 & :e!r x ev] _h a head & :at became ( x rema9s "o ( ! _m unsolv$ problems ( ! sky4 ,/ill m rem>kable is ! c>e] ( ! fam\s comet ( ,biela1 f its fir/ appe>ance z view$ by mortal eyes on ,m>* #h1 #aggb1 until its f9al disappe>ance1 a c5tury lat]1 9 a v]itable blaze ( cele/ial fireworks4 ,its /ory reads l a novel1 & is f> m fasc9at+ because x is fact & n fiction4 ,! h]o is a fa9t1 insignificant-look+ object :i* 0 discov]$ by ,montaigne ( ,limoges1 already ref]r$ to z ! comet-hunt] :o s indiscreetly f\nd ! ?irte5? comet = :i* 8 colleague ,messi] 0 indu/ri\sly se>*+4 ,little did ,montaigne guess t ?is foggy speck ( light :i* 0 s fa9t t x c\ld only be se5 ) ! aid ( 8 small telescope w\ld "o day attract worldwide att5tion4 ,its nondescript appe>ance1 ) a tail only "o-eigh? ! diamet] ( ! moon1 made x app>5tly sc>cely wor?y ( m ?an pass+ notice4 ,_h ,montaigne conc5trat$ 8 ef=ts on f9d+ out its peculi>ities & trac+ its pa?1 8 "n w\ld h be5 =ev] connect$ ) ! little w&]]1 in/ead ( be+ ent]$ 9 ! annals ( a/ronomy z m]ely ! fir/ to see x4 ,! introductory *apt] 9 its /ory is connect$ ) a lett] writt5 by ,montaigne to ! director ( ! obs]vatory at ,p>is1 ann\nc+ 8 discov]y4 ,?is arriv$ 9 "t to give ! a/ronom]s an opportunity = see+ ! comet ?ree or f\r times ere x vani%$ on its way outw>d b\nd4 ,little m 0 ?\ght ( ! cele/ial visitor until x 0 glimps$ aga9 ?irty-?ree ye>s lat]1 9 ,novemb]1 #ahje1 by ,pons1 :o1 z we h already se51 %>$ honors ) ,messi] & ,montaigne 9 ! 8ecc5tric vocation0 ( comet-hunt+4 ,! comet rema9$ visible 9 ! nor!rn heav5s = only a mon?1 :5 x sank bel[ ! horizon & 0 no long] visible to obs]v]s 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,h[ev]1 on ?is occasion ! comet came v close to ! e>?1 = we are told t x 0 visible to ! nak$ eye1 ev5 9 ! /rong twilight4 ,!n x rema9$ hidd5 f view until tw5ty ye>s lat]1 :5 x 0 aga9 r$iscov]$1 ?is "t by an ,au/rian (fic] nam$ ,biela1 9 ,febru>y1 #ahbf4 ,he 0 det]m9$ t ! wily object %\ld n be lo/ sight ( aga91 z f> z its orbit 0 conc]n$1 & by means ( c>eful obs]vations & calculations he 0 enabl$ to ann\nce t x 0 travel+ along ! same r\te z ! comet se5 by ,montaigne 9 #aggb1 & t se5 by ,pons 9 #ahje4 ,!re=e1 he conclud$ t x 0 "o & ! same comet1 & pr$ict$ its return 9 #ahcb4 ,h[ev]1 :5 x 0 ann\nc$ by ! great ,fr5* a/ronom]1 ,arago1 t ! comet at ?is return w\ld cross ! orbit ( ! e>?1 widespread 0 ! con/]nation among ^? :o did n "k :at an orbit 04 ,possibly1 imag9+ t x 0 some?+ tangible1 we c picture !m look+ at "o ano!r 9 dismay1 & :isp]+ 9 aw$ tones1 8,does ?is mean ! comet w hit ! e>?1 & if s :at w happ5 to u80 ,a possible collision ) ! comet 0 an al>m+ ?\ght to ! ignorant & sup]/iti\s1 & ! fe> caus$ by ,arago's ann\ncem5t 0 s great t x result$ 9 ! fir/ ( ! _m comet-sc>es4 ,p 9 dread ( ! ?reat5$ calamity sold _! goods & *attels1 & ?rong$ ! *ur*es z a fit prep>ation = ! end ( ! _w4 ,!re !y await$ ! expect$ cra% & d\btless 7 surpris$ :5 no?+ unusual happ5$4 ,! e>? /ill cont9u$ to roll on its appo9t$ pa?1 )\t jolt or j> to di/urb ! 8ev5 t5or ( its way40 ,! n]v\s gave a sigh ( relief :5 ! comet )drew once m into ! obscurity ( space1 & ^? :o _h p>t$ ) _! belong+s mu/ h felt some:at annoy$4 ,! s-call$ dev\t a/rolog]s :o _h made use ( ,arago's ann\ncem5t to _! own advantage1 :5 upbraid$ by ^? :om !y _h w>n$1 did a skillful k9d ( 8h$g+10 by /at+ t ev5ts ann\nc$ by a comet might be po/pon$ = "o or m p]iods ( =ty ye>s or ev5 z _m ye>s z ! comet _h appe>$ days4 ,consequ5tly1 "o :i* _h appe>$ = six mon?s w\ld n produce any effect1 evil or o!rwise1 = #ahj ye>s4#e ,?us ^! wise soo?say]s all[$ a wide m>g9 = possible results4 ,to give an idea ( ! filmy /ructure ( ! comet1 ! cause ( su* unnecess>y al>m1 x 0 describ$ by ,sir ,john ,h]s*el1 :o obs]v$ x on ,septemb] #bc1 #ahcb1 z a r\nd hazy-look+ object )\t a tail4 ,x 0 mov+ 9 ! direction ( a small gr\p ( fa9t />s1 :i* 7 undimm$ :5 ov]tak5 by ! comet1 s t x resembl$ a fog-l mi/ spr9kl$ ) />s1 ?is veil ( comet>y matt] be+ e/imat$ by ,h]s*el z fifty ?\s& miles ?ick4 ,yet1 only a mon? lat]1 ! remote prospect ( a collision ) ?is cele/ial cobweb caus$ a panic 9 ,europe6 ,! comet 0 fir/ se5 on ,augu/ #bc1 #ahcb1 b ow+ to its excessive fa9tness 0 n g5]ally obs]v$ till two mon?s lat]1 :5 at its ne>e/ to ! sun4 ,?is occurr$ dur+ ! mon? ( ,novemb]1 )9 twelve h\rs ( ! "t pr$ict$ by an a/ronom] nam$ ,sant9i4 ,at its next return1 9 #ahci1 ! comet 0 n well plac$ = obs]vation1 z x 0 too ne> ! sun1 & !re=e lo/ 9 ! gl>e ( its light4 ,z computations _h %[n t ! comet 0 travel+ 9 an orbit requir+ six & two-?irds ( a ye>1 x 0 due to return 9 #ahde4 ,! fir/ to bid x welcome 0 an a/ronom] at ,rome nam$ ,de ,vico1 on ,novemb] #bh ( t ye>4 ,two days lat] x 0 obs]v$ by ,dr4 ,gall at ,b]l91 b x 0 n g5]ally se5 until ,decemb]4 ,x appe>$ z a s+le comet on ,novemb] #bh1 b on ,decemb] #ai x 0 se5 di/9ctly pe>-%ap$1 & t5 days lat] x amaz$ all obs]v]s by splitt+ 9 two4 ,?is m>vel\s trans=mation 0 fir/ detect$ by two ,am]icans1 ,mr4 ,h]rick1 !n libr>ian at ,yale ,college1 & ,mr4 ,francis ,bradley1 a cl]k 9 ! ,new ,hav5 ,city ,bank4 ,! two 7 wat*+ ! comet on ,janu>y #bi1 #ahde1 tak+ turns 9 look+ ?r\gh a telescope :i* _h be5 erect$ 9 ! ,a!num t[]4 ,sudd5ly "o ( ! obs]v]s exclaim$ t he c\ld see a small comet accompany+ ! l>g] "o1 & we c imag9e 8 fri5d mak+ "s rem>k conc]n+ defective eyesight4 ,h[ev]1 :5 bo? saw ! duplicity ( ! comet1 all d\bts 7 disp]s$4 ,b :at did x mean8 ,_h ! comet a satellite1 j z ! e>? has its accompany+ moon1 or _h ! comet actually split 9 two8 ,h[ev]1 ! tw9 comets 7 se5 two weeks lat] by ,lieut5ant ,maury & ,pr(essor ,hubb>d at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 & two days lat] x came )9 ! k5 ( ,european a/ronom]s4 ,incid5tally1 ?ree weeks be=e ! tw9 comets 7 obs]v$1 ,mr4 ,j4 ,russell ,h9d 7,engl&7 notic$ a peculi> lump ne> ! upp] "p ( ! nucleus ( ! ma9 comet1 :i* may be reg>d$ z ! fir/ symptom indicat+ t some?+ 0 amiss4 ,on ,janu>y #ae1 ,pr(essor ,*allis1 !n director ( ,cambridge ,obs]vatory 7,engl&71 _h 8 suspicions ar\s$ :5 he saw ! complete sev]ance ( ! little comet f ! big "o1 & ! description ( 8 exp]i5ce is be/ giv5 9 a lett] he wrote to ! presid5t ( ! ,royal ,a/ronomical ,society3 8,on ! ev5+ ( ,janu>y #ae1 :5 ,i sat d[n to obs]ve x ,biela's comet1 ,i said to my assi/ant1 #8,i see two comets4' ,h[ev]1 on alt]+ ! focus ( ! eyeglass & lett+ 9 a little illum9ation1 ! small] ( ! two comets appe>$ to resolve itself into a m9ute />1 ) "s haze ab\t x4 ,i obs]v$ ! comet t ev5+ b a %ort "t1 be+ 9 a hurry to proce$ to obs]vations ( ! new planet40 ,presumably he "h ref]s to ! se>* = ,neptune4 ,alas6 _h he b giv5 8 :ole att5tion to t task1 in/ead ( disp]s+ 8 en]gy--z x 7--by pursu+ a flimsy comet1 ,engl& might h be5 ackn[l$g$ z fir/ 9 ! actual discov]y ( t planet4 ,resum+ 8 obs]vations ( ! comet on ,janu>y #bc1 ,pr(essor ,*allis aga9 saw two comets1 b cl\ds hid !m f view = ! next half-h\r1 & :5 !y _h cle>$ away he 0 conv9c$ t ! comets _h mov$ dur+ ! int]val4 ,?is suspicion 0 aft]w>d confirm$1 &1 moreov]1 ,pr(essor ,*allis f\nd t !y _h mov$ 9 unison1 reta9+ _! relative positions mean:ile4 ,he wond]$ :at c\ld be ! mean+ ( ?is /range proc$ure1 & :e!r !y 7 two indep5d5t comets1 a d\ble comet1 or t 8 glass 0 deceiv+ him4 8,b ,i nev] he>d ( su* a ?+10 wrote ,pr(essor ,*allis4 8,kepl] suppos$ t a c]ta9 comet sep>at$ 9 two1 & = ?is ,p+r said ( him1 #8,aligre&o bonus dormitat ,hom]us4' ,i am anxi\s to "k :e!r o!r obs]v]s h se5 ! same ?+40 ,9 a subsequ5t lett] he %[s by 8 rem>ks t 8! two comets are n only app>5tly1 b really ne> ea* o!r1 & t !y are physically connect$40#f ,! comets cont9u$ travel+ along 9 ?is sociable mann] = f\r mon?s1 at an almo/ unv>y+ di/ance ( ab\t #afe1jjj miles1 ea* develop+ mean:ile a v bright nucleus & dim9utive tail half a degree 9 l5g?1 or "o t5? ! di/ance sep>at+ ! po9t]s 9 ,ursa ,major4 ,sometimes "o comet w\ld be devoid ( a tail1 sometimes ! o!r1 s t "o might almo/ imag9e ! tail ex*ang+ own]s1 = ! comets 7 r>ely bo? adorn$ !re) at ! same "t4 ,dur+ ! latt] "p ( ,febru>y1 ,lieut5ant ,maury1 at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c41 saw an arc ( light ext5d+ f ! l>ge comet to ! small "o1 =m+ a sort ( bridge betwe5 ! two1 ?is occurr+ :5 ! small comet 0 at its brighte/4 ,:5 ! l>ge comet _h rega9$ its sup]iority x ?rew out new rays1 :i* gave x ! appe>ance ( hav+ ?ree tails1 ea* adjac5t tail mak+ an angle ( #abj degrees ) its neighbor1 "o ( ! tails be+ ! bridge to ! new comet4 ,?is produc$ ! effect ( an ar* 9 ! heav5s1 ?r\gh :i* ! />s 7 se5 to pass4 ,"o c imag9e messages pass+ to & fro along ?is bridge ( light betwe5 ! tw9 comets1 & a possible f>ewell z !y drift$ fur!r ap>t4 ,at _! return 9 ,augu/1 #aheb1 !y 7 sep>at$ by ab\t "o million five hundr$ ?\s& miles1 & z s (t5 happ5s 9 ! case ( tw9s x 0 impossible to tell :i* 0 :i*4 ,! comets 7 n se5 at _! next return1 9 ,may1 #ahei1 because !y 7 lo/ 9 ! gl>e ( sunlight1 = ! same reason t we are unable to see />s 9 ! daytime4 ,at ! next expect$ visit :5 ! comets 7 look$ =1 9 ,janu>y1 #ahff1 !y 7 n[h]e to be se54 ,:at _h happ5$ 9 ! int]val no "o kn[s1 b 9 #ahgb ! :ole a/ronomical _w 0 />tl$ by a telegram f an a/ronom] nam$ ,kl9k]fues ( ,gtt+51 on ,novemb] #cj1 to ,pogson1 ! gov]nm5t a/ronom] at ,madras1 :i* read z foll[s3 ,biela t\*$ e>? on #bg?1 se>* ne> ,!ta ,c5tauri4 ,accord+ly1 a se>* 0 made1 ) ! extraord9>y result t a comet 0 f\nd1 b n ! comet4 ,obs]vations 7 obta9$ ( x on ,decemb] #b & #c1 b bad wea!r & ! advance ( twilight made fur!r se>* impossible4 ,:5 ! track ( ! new comet1 = su* x prov$ to be1 0 ev5tually foll[$1 x 0 f\nd to be mov+ along a diff]5t r\te f ! "o previ\sly foll[$ by ! comet ( ,biela4 ,nev]!less1 by a rem>kable co9cid5ce x happ5$ to be pass+ by or ne> ! place :]e ?is comet 0 wont to w&]1 until he took unto himself a companion comet1 :i* seems to h l$ him a/ray4 ,to be lo/ is int]e/+1 especially = a comet1 :5 "o consid]s ! va/ expanse ( highways & byways 9 />l&1 b ! climax ( ! trag$y 9 connection ) ?is special comet 0 n rea*$ until its orbit cross$ t ( ! e>? on ,novemb] #bg1 #ahgb4 ,on t ev5tful night ! sky seem$ to be lit]ally ablaze ) meteors1 :i* fell 9 sw>ms & %[]s ( dazzl+ gleams ( light1 ! d[np\r la/+ f sev5 o'clock 9 ! ev5+ until "o o'clock next morn+1 ! maximum be+ atta9$ at n9e o'clock4 ,we are told t ! total numb] obs]v$ 9 ,engl& 0 e/imat$ at a hundr$ & sixty ?\s&4 ,!y all came f ! same "p ( ! sky1 radiat+ f a po9t ne> ! beautiful d\ble /> ,gamma 9 ! con/ellation ( ,&rom$a4 ,b :at 0 ! mean+ ( ! display8 ,_h x be5 caus$ by an enc\nt] ( ! e>? ) ! scatt]$ fragm5ts ( ! lo/ comet8 ,x c]ta9ly c\ld n h _h any connection ) ! comet itself1 :i*1 provid+ x /ill exi/$1 _h pass$ t way ?ree mon?s be=e4 ,x 0 m likely ! dbris ( its tra9 scatt]$ along its pa? aft] its break+ up 9 #ahdf4 ,!re seems to be no d\bt ( ! id5tity ( ?is sw>m ( meteors ) ! comet ( ,biela1 = on ,novemb] #bg1 #ahhe1 a simil> enc\nt] took place1 provid+ a magnific5t display ( meteors obs]v$ all ov] ,europe1 j at ! mom5t :5 ! e>? 0 due at a cross+ 9 ! =m] pa? ( ! comet4 ,on t same ev5+1 a piece ( meteoric iron fell at ,mazapil1 9 nor!rn ,mexico1 dur+ ! c\rse ( ! %[]1 & accord+ to ,pr(essor ,"y1 8! co9cid5ce may be accid5tal1 b is c]ta9ly int]e/+4 ,"s high au?orities speak confid5tly ( ?is piece ( iron z a piece ( ,biela's comet itself40 7,g5]al ,a/ronomy1 ,c4 ,a4 ,"y47 ,9 #ahib & #ahih1 :5 ! e>? aga9 cross$ ! =m] pa? ( ! comet1 a simil> display occurr$1 ?\gh on a m9or scale1 & "s ( ! scatt]$ comet>y fragm5ts may /ill be look$ = on ! ev5+s f ,novemb] #ag to #bg4 ,!y are recognizable f _! sl[ motion1 %ort tra9s1 & f ! fact t !y all radiate f ! second-magnitude /> ,gamma 9 ,&rom$a4 7,incid5tally1 ?is is ! /> s *>m+ly dealt ) by ,dr4 ,holmes1 9 ! ,poet at ! ,breakfa/ ,table1 really ! a/ronom] ( ! breakfa/ table1 z sugge/$ by conv]sations & correspond5ce betwe5 my fa!r & ,oliv] ,w5dell ,holmes47 ,! /> ,gamma 9 ,&rom$a is easily locat$1 z x is almo/ ov]head betwe5 ! dates ,novemb] #ag-bg1 at a conv5i5t h\r 9 ! ev5+4 ,x is 9 a l9e ) ,epsilon1 ! /> at ! left-h& corn] ( ! ,w-%ap$ gr\p 9 ! con/ellation1 ,cassiopeia1 & ) ,pol>is1 ! ,pole ,/>4 ,! meteors radiat+ f ?is po9t are v>i\sly ref]r$ to z ! ,&rom$1 ,&rom$ids1 & ! ,bielids1 on acc\nt ( _! suppos$ connection ) ! ,comet ( ,biela4 ,z a matt] ( fact x matt]s little :at !y are call$1 z long z we "k _! appe>ance & :5 & :]e to look = !m4 ,!y may be look$ ^u z supplem5t>y to ! /ory ( ! comet1 & possibly "s ( ! p>ticles may ev5tually f9d a re/+-place on planet e>?4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,crommel9 ( ! ,gre5wi* ,obs]vatory3 8! c>e] ( a comet may be said to be ov] :5 its meteors h lo/ all _! gas1 or :5 !y h be5 scatt]$ by p]turbations ov] s wide a space t its unity & visibility are lo/4 ,^! disrupt+ causes are mo/ effective :5 a comet is fairly ne> ! sun2 !re=e ! (t5] t a comet approa*es ! sun1 ! %ort] ! p]iod ( its exi/5ce z a comet4 ,i ?9k1 !re=e1 t we c ascribe ! great preval5ce ( long-p]iod comets to ! pr9ciple ( ! survival ( ! fitte/40 ,long-p]iod comets are ^? :i* sometimes require hundr$s ( ye>s be=e !y return sunw>d1 z1 = in/ance1 ,donati's comet ) its p]iod ( ab\t two ?\s& ye>s4 ,o!rs ( %ort p]iod1 l ,encke's comet1 are regul> visitors to ! sun1 return+ aft] a %ort int]val ( a few ye>s along a well-kn[n pa?4 ,once ^u a "t !y may h be5 long-p]iod comets1 :i* h _h _! pa?s re/rict$1 ow+ to ! /rong attractive pull ( ! giant planets ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 ,uranus1 & ,neptune4 ,z a result ( ! di/urbances 7or p]turbations1 z !y are te*nically call$7 ?us caus$1 accord+ to ! s-call$ capture !ory1 ,jupit] has annex$ fifty comets1 includ+ ! ,comet ( ,biela4 ,uranus & ,saturn1 accord+ to ! same !ory1 own a limit$ family ( two1 :ile ,neptune has f\r1 includ+ ,halley's fam\s comet4 ,its lea/ di/ance f ! sun is #ef million miles at its po9t ( ne>e/ approa*1 & #c1bjj million miles :5 at ! opposite end ( its orbit4 ,b ! great majority ( ^! /range bodies appe> to travel 9 p>abolas1 op5 curves lead+ f inf9ite space to & ar\nd ! sun1 & !nce back into ! region ( ! fix$ />s4 ,!re is a notable in/ance ( a comet travel+ ab\t ! sun 9 an imm5se ellipse1 b1 l ! mo?1 hov]+ ar\nd a flame :i* f9ally causes its de/ruction1 ?is comet return$ once too (t5 to ! neighborhood ( ! giant planet ,jupit]1 & 9 an enc\nt] betwe5 a l>ge & a small body1 ! latt] usually comes to grief4 ,its pa? 0 curtail$ at fir/1 & subsequ5tly x 0 %unt$ on to ano!r l9e4 ,jupit]1 act+ z po9tsman on ! comet>y railway1 is suspect$ ( op5+ ! bran* ( ! ellipse along :i* ! comet _h =m]ly travel$ 9 peace & quiet1 ) ! result t x 0 ignom9i\sly sidetrack$ & s\ght = 9 va94 ,! comet 0 fir/ discov]$ 9 ,june1 #aggj1 by ,messi]1 :o describ$ x z a r insignificant object )\t a tail1 b resembl+ a nebula ) a />-l nucleus4 ,e>ly 9 ,july x _h greatly increas$ 9 size1 ! nucleus & surr\nd+ haze ext5d+ ov] a space m ?an five times ! diamet] ( ! moon4 ,at ?is "t x came v ne> ! e>?1 rema9+ visible until ,octob]1 :5 x grew small & fa9t1 & f9ally fad$ away4 ,mean:ile1 a/ronom]s did _! be/ to det]m9e its pa?1 notably ,mr4 ,lexell1 ( ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces at ,/4 ,pet]sburg4 ,he became s int]e/$ 9 cle>+ up ! pa/ hi/ory ( ?is qua9t little comet1 t x is usually ref]r$ to z ,lexell's comet4 ,he came to ! conclusion t ! comet ( #aggj requir$ five ye>s & sev5 mon?s = its elliptic t\r1 b he 0 su* a long "t 9 gett+ at ?is result1 t by ! "t he obta9$ x 9 #aggh ! comet 0 two ye>s ov]due4 ,messi] made a c>eful se>* = x1 b )\t success4 ,lexell 0 ( ! op9ion t at ! end ( ,may1 #aggf1 ! comet came s close to ,jupit] t ! attractive pull ( t planet 0 ?ree times great] ?an t ( ! sun4 ,:5 a comet ru%es ar\nd ! sun x has to g full spe$ ahead1 s z to resi/ be+ drawn ^u its surface1 b z x rec$es f ! dang] zone x gradually slack5s its pace1 ) ! result t by ! "t x is cross+ ! orbit along :i* ,jupit] travels1 x is go+ at r$uc$ spe$4 ,probably ,jupit] 0 n f> f ! "p ( its orbit cross$ by ! comet 9 #aggf1 ) ! result t ! un=tunate w&]] 0 expos$ = a long] p]iod to ! p[]ful attraction ( ! giant planet4 ,?is may h caus$ an important *ange 9 ! comet's pa?1 ) ! result t x escap$ f :at has be5 t]m$ ! sph]e ( activity e>ly 9 ,octob]1 #aggi4 ,at ?is p]iod1 accord+ to ,lexell1 ! comet 0 mov+ 9 an ellipse ) a p]iod ( m ?an sixte5 ye>s1 & at su* a di/ance !re w\ld be no hope ( our see+ x aga94 ,he f9ally consid]$ ! comet ( #aggj z def9itely lo/4 ,h[ev]1 :5 ,brooks1 ! fam\s comet-hunt] ( ,g5eva1 ,new ,york1 discov]$ a comet 9 #ahhi1 :i* is kn[n z ,comet #ahhi ,v1 z x 0 ! fif? comet discov]$ t ye>1 x 0 suppos$ to be ! long-lo/ ,lexell comet ( #aggj4 ,= t reason x is kn[n z ! ,lexell-,brooks comet4 ,previ\s to #ahhf1 ! comet discov]$ 9 #ahhi 0 travel+ ar\nd ! sun 9 an imm5se ellipse1 tak+ x out beyond ! planet ,uranus4 ,ar\nd & ar\nd ! sun x w5t1 z a mo? flutt]s ar\nd a lamp1 until 9 ! ye> #ahhf x came "u ! magic spell ( ,jupit]4 ,unable to resi/ ?is planet's p]suasive influ5ce1 ! pa? ( ! comet 0 r$uc$ to a small] "o requir+ only sev5 ye>s = its completion4 ,app>5tly on ?is occasion ! comet pass$ too ne> ,jupit] = safety1 & 0 r$uc$ to f\r fragm5ts 9 consequ5ce4 ,:5 x approa*$ ! sun 9 #ahhi1 & 0 discov]$ by ,brooks1 x may probably h be5 "o ( ! f\r fragm5ts2 at any rate1 ?is is ! op9ion ( ,dr4 ,*>les ,lane ,poor1 ( ,new ,york1 :o made a c>eful & mo/ exhau/ive /udy ( ! comet & its ecc5tricities4 ,x rema9$ visible ) telescopes ( ord9>y p[] until ,m>*1 #ahij1 aft] :i* date x c\ld only be se5 ) ! great telescope at ! ,lick ,obs]vatory1 at ,m\nt ,hamilton1 ,cali=nia4 ,) ?is magnific5t in/rum5t ,pr(essor ,b>n>d foll[$ ! comet until ,janu>y1 #ahia4 ,! pa? ( its next return 0 calculat$ s accurately t :5 x 0 r$iscov]$ on ,june #bj1 #ahif1 by ,javelle1 x 0 se5 )9 a di/ance less ?an "o qu>t] ! diamet] ( ! moon f its pr$ict$ place4 ,by ?is "t ! comet _h gr[n fa9t]1 z ?\gh enfeebl$ by its long w&]+s & ! vicissitudes ( its c>e]1 & x rema9$ visible = only a few mon?s1 f9ally disappe>+ 9 ,febru>y1 #ahig4 ,= a ?ird "t ! comet came ne> en\gh = u to see x1 & ?is occurr$ dur+ ! summ] ( #aijc1 :5 x rema9$ visible until ! foll[+ ,janu>y4 ,x 0 !n s fa9t1 x c\ld only be obs]v$ ) ! l>ge/ telescopes4 ,! future ( ! comet seems z likely to be z int]e/+ z its pa/4 8,unless x become :olly dis9tegrat$ by ! pull+ & haul+ ( ! sun & planets1 x w be se5 aga9 9 #aiaj1 & yet aga9 9 #aiag10 wrote ,dr4 ,poor 9 #aijh1 b z a matt] ( fact x 0 n obs]v$ on ei!r occasion4 ,dr4 ,poor also pr$ict$ t e>ly 9 #aiba x w\ld aga9 come into close approa* ) ,jupit]1 8& beyond t po9t its hi/ory _c be pr$ict$4 ,?is collision w probably end its /ory z f> z ! e>? is conc]n$1 = x w und\bt$ly be /ill fur!r brok5 up1 & its orbit may be s *ang$ t x w nev] aft]w>ds be se540 ,& we mu/ leave x ) ?is unsatisfactory conclusion1 z x did n reappe> 9 #aiba1 & no?+ m has be5 se5 or he>d ( ?is comet4 ,by n[ 7#aibe7 x may be m]ely a d]elict 9 space1 at ! m]cy ( any di/urb+ planet x may happ5 to pass on ! way4 ,^! in/ances give "s idea ( ! dang]s to :i* comets are subject$ z !y drift l frail b>ks on ! ocean ( space4 ,:5ce !y h come & :i!r !y vani%1 no "o kn[s1 b x has be5 sugge/$ t !re is a home ( comets4 ,?is has be5 describ$ z a %ell ( nebul\s matt] accompany+ ! sun & planets1 ?\gh at a di/ance "s ?\s&s ( times great] ?an t ( ! e>? f ! sun1 yet mu* clos] ?an ! ne>e/ />4 8,h[ev]1 we h no direct evid5ce ( any su* comet-dropp+ envelope10 accord+ to ,pr(essor ,c4 ,a4 ,"y4 ,yet suppos+ x does exi/1 we see 9 imag9ation baby comets cradl$ !re9 9 nebul\s mi/ until !y are able to take c>e ( !mselves4 ,!n !y are presumably laun*$ =? on _! p]il\s c>e]1 z !y make _! way t[>ds _! rul]1 ! sun1 to pay _! respects4 ,woe betide !m %\ld !y cross ! pa? ( "o ( ! giant planets at an inauspici\s mom5t1 or approa* too ne> ! sun1 :i* w\ld prove equally disa/r\s4 ,,*apt] ,,five ,,photography ,,z ,,appli$ ,,to ,,comets 8,) its ?ree eyes--! eye ( ke5ness1 ! eye ( pati5t wat*fulness1 & ! eye ( arti/ic tru?1 photography promises to be a ,c]b]us to ! sci5ce ( ! future1 ^: wat*fulness w prev5t ! admission ( error & detect tru?s :i* w\ld o!rwise escape u40 --,r4 ,a4 ,,proctor4 ,^! words writt5 by my fa!r1 9 8 book entitl$ ,! ,univ]se ( ,suns1 %ortly aft] ! appe>ance ( ! comet ( #ahhb1 h s9ce be5 amply confirm$1 n only 9 connection ) ! sun1 moon1 & />s1 b /ill m s reg>d+ ! hi!rto unkn[n peculi>ities ( comets4 ,s f> we h ga9$ "s idea ( ! appe>ance ( a comet z se5 ) ! nak$ eye1 or ) ! aid ( a telescope1 b x n[ rema9s to be %[n :at c be accompli%$ by means ( photography4 ,pictures ( ! ev]-v>y+ trans=mations1 = in/ance1 :i* took place 9 ! appe>ance ( ! celebrat$ ,moreh\se comet ( #aijh1 op5$ out new vi/as 9 comet>y wond]s1 hi!rto beyond our k54 ,successive photographs tak5 dur+ ! c\rse ( a night1 pictur$ = u ! unfold+ ( ! comet's tra91 its spread+ outw>d l a gigantic fan ( gauze-l texture1 & ev5tual clos+ up till x resembl$ a %eaf4 ,by means ( ! revelations ?us made by ! cam]a1 we became aw>e ( ! m>vel\s quick-*ange effects produc$ 9 ! appe>ance ( ?is comet n only f night to night1 b sometimes dur+ ! brief int]val ( less ?an an h\r4 ,nev]!less1 z se5 ) a telescope1 ! ,moreh\se comet appe>$ inconspicu\s & 0 invisible to ! nak$ eye4 ,! fir/ attempt at tak+ a photograph ( a comet 0 made by ,bond at ,h>v>d ,college ,obs]vatory 9 #aheh1 9 connection ) ! magnific5t comet ( t ye>1 b 8 ef=ts only met ) p>tial success4 ,! next v5ture 0 made 9 #ahha1 by ,sir ,william ,hugg9s1 9 our c\ntry1 & ,dr4 ,h5ry ,drap]1 ( ,new ,york1 b entirely satisfactory photographs ( a comet 7 n obta9$ until #ahhb1 :5 ! great ,daylight comet became a conspicu\s object 9 s\!rn skies4 ,?is comet 0 fir/ se5 on ,septemb] #c1 by "s employees ( ! railroad 9 ,auckl&1 ,new ,zeal&1 & by o!r p]sons ^: duties requir$ !m to rise be=e daylight4 ,! names ( ^! =tunate obs]v]s are unkn[n1 b :at a privilege to obta9 ! fir/ glimpse ( ! comet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,photograph ,,( ,,moreh\se ,,comet1 #aijh ,c ,tak5 on ,novemb] #ai1 #f h4 #d m41 at ! ,royal ,obs]vatory1 ,gre5wi* ,anyone acqua9t$ ) ! cle>1 limpid blue ( ! skies at dawn 9 ,new ,zeal&1 & ! brilliancy ( ! />s despite ! ne> approa* ( sunrise1 may ga9 "s idea ( ! vivid appe>ance ( ! little comet 9 _! mid/ z se5 on ?is occasion4 ,! writ]1 :o sp5t a ye> 9 ,new ,zeal& 7#aiac-ad71 has vivid recollections ( ! beauty ( ! dawn u%]+ 9 daylight dur+ ! c\rse ( h] travels to & fro1 & has almo/ an envi\s feel+ ) reg>d to ^? =tunate p 8^: duties requir$ !m to rise be=e daylight10 ?us enabl+ !m to obta9 ! fir/ view ( ! comet4 ,z 9 ! case ( ! brilliant /> 9 ! ,ea/1 :i* guid$ ! ?ree wise m5 ( old to ,be?lehem1 d\btless !y likewise 8rejoic$ & 7 exce$+ glad40 ,! news ( ! discov]y ( a comet 0 soon made kn[n1 = on ,septemb] #f ,dr4 ,g\ld1 director ( ! ,cordoba ,obs]vatory 9 ,s\? ,am]ica1#g receiv$ in=mation t a bright comet 0 visible 9 ! ea/ be=e sunrise4 ,8 in=mant _h se5 x on ! morn+ ( ,septemb] #e1 :5 x 0 describ$ z be+ z bright z ! planet ,v5us4 ,at ,reus1 ne> ,t>ragona1 x 0 bright en\gh to be se5 at "o "t ?r\gh a pass+ cl\d :5 at a di/ance ( only ?ree times ! diamet] ( ! sun f its edge1 or 8limb10 z x is te*nically t]m$4 ,accord+ to ! report ( ,dr4 ,g\ld reg>d+ ! wea!r conditions prevail+ at ,cordoba1 ! morn+ ( ,septemb] #g 0 cl\dy & ! ea/]n sky ov]ca/ on e morn+ dur+ a :ole week4 ,nev]!less1 on "o occasion x 0 ?\ght t a "p ( ! comet's tail c\ld be se54 ,x 0 n until ,septemb] #ad t conditions 7 aga9 favorable = obs]v+ ! comet4 ,=tunately ! l9k 9 ! *a9 ( obs]vations 0 suppli$ by an en?usia/ic amateur a/ronom]1 ,mr4 ,john ,tebbutt1 :o wat*$ ! comet f 8 obs]vatory at ,w9dsor1 ,new ,s\? ,wales4 ,on ,septemb] #h1 he receiv$ a telegram f ! ,gov]nm5t ,a/ronom] at ,melb\rne1 to ! effect t a l>ge comet 0 report$ due ea/ at f\r o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,o!r messages 7 receiv$ dur+ ! day f diff]5t p>ts ( ! colony1 & f ! in=mation ?us suppli$ ,mr4 ,tebbutt 0 enabl$ to obs]ve ! comet on ! morn+s ( ,septemb] #i & #aj4 ,by ?is "t ! nucleus ( ! comet 0 l>ge & rem>kably brilliant1 & ! tail ab\t #c or #d 9 l5g?1 n q ! di/ance sep>at+ ! po9t]s 9 ,ursa ,major4 ,illu/ration3 ,,john ,,tebbutt1 ,,not$ ,,comet-,,hunt] ,,( ,,w9dsor1 ,n4 ,s4 ,w4 ,mr4 ,tebbutt _h already di/+ui%$ himself z a successful comet-hunt]1 & 9 addition _h va9ly endeavor$ to =m a society su* z exi/$ = comet-hunt+ 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e1 b 8 ef=ts only end$ 9 disappo9tm5t4 ,z he wrote 9 8 ,memoirs1 8al?\gh sev]al a/ronom]s own$ telescopes suitable = ! "w1 !re 0 obvi\sly a di/a/e = sy/ematic obs]vation40 ,he took great pride 9 8 m9iature obs]vatory at ,w9dsor1 actually 8 own h&iwork1 = he 0 8 own bricklay]1 c>p5t]1 & slat] comb9$4 ,dur+ a visit to ! obs]vatory 9 #aiab ! writ] 0 %[n numb]less books conta9+ ! records ( fifty-five obs]vations ( ! comet ( #ahhb1 ext5d+ f ,septemb] #h ( t ye> to ,m>* #b1 #ahhc4 ,^! obs]vations 7 made by ,mr4 ,tebbutt ) 8 f\r & a half in* equatorial1 ) ! exception ( f\r made ) ! transit in/rum5t 9 full sunlight4 ,moreov]1 ,mr4 ,tebbutt 0 ! fir/ to see ! comet 9 full daylight ) ! unaid$ eye4 ,! second s]ies ( obs]vations ( ! comet 9 full daylight 7 made at ! ,gov]nm5t ,obs]vatory1 ,melb\rne1 b x 0 n se5 9 ,europe1 ow+ to cl\dy wea!r1 until ,septemb] #ag1 "o ,sunday morn+4 ,x happ5$ t ,dr4 ,a4 ,a4 ,common1 ! well-kn[n amateur a/ronom] at ,eal+1 _h direct$ 8 telescope to ! sun = ! purpose ( obs]v+ sun-spots1 :5 he _h a glimpse ( ! comet4 ,?is 0 at a qu>t] to elev51 at :i* "t ! comet 0 rapidly approa*+ ! sun4 ,un=tunately1 cl\ds int]v5$1 r5d]+ fur!r obs]vations = ! "t be+ impossible4 ,dr4 ,common s5t a telegram to ,dune*t 7,"l ,craw=d's obs]vatory ne> ,ab]de57 s t ! a/ronom]s !re might be on ! look\t = ! comet1 ) ! result t x 0 obs]v$ by !m on ! foll[+ day4 ,9 ,engl& bad wea!r1 z usual1 _h baffl$ all attempts at see+ ! comet1 & ! cl\ds seem$ to be 9 league ) ! p[]s ( d>kness 9 keep+ x hidd5 f view4 ,^? :o c recall wat*+ 9 va9 9 ,engl&1 = ,halley's comet at its return 9 #aiaj1 c fully sympa?ize ) ! disappo9t$ wat*]s ( ! sky 9 #ahhb4 7,9 ^? days ! writ] 0 n ne>ly s en?usia/ic z %e %\ld h be5 at ! brief view ( ! comet obta9$ e>ly "o *illy morn+4 ,admiration 0 slightly t+$ ) wond] at all ! excitem5t ov] 8a small :ite /> ) a tra9 a y>d long0 :i* sc>cely seem$ wor? ! tr\ble ( gett+ up = dur+ ! wee sma' h\rs4 ,nev]!less1 !re is com=t n[ 9 ! ?\ght1 t ?is--h] fir/ comet--0 "o long aft]w>d to be rememb]$47 ,day aft] day ! comet grew 9 spl5dor1 until by ,septemb] #ab x 0 almo/ ! cause ( a mom5t>y panic on ! occasion ( ! attack at ,tel-el-,kebir4 ,! /ory is told by ,colonel ,e4 ,major1 some:at z foll[s1 9 8 book entitl$ ,"l ,wolseley3 ,x seems t ea* morn+ ,sir ,g>net 9 ! e>ly dawn _h reconnoit]$ ! enemy's position f ! high gr\nd above _! l9es1 & he _h notic$ t _! pickets only came out beyond ! def5ses at daybreak4 ,he !re=e decid$ ^u a night attack1 :i* mu/ be sudd5 & decisive1 s t ! enemy might be cru%$ & scatt]$ e>ly 9 ! day4 ,?is w\ld enable ! cavalry to make an imm$iate da% = ,cairo1 :ile ! infantry occupi$ ,zagazig4 ,aft] mak+ all arrangem5ts1 we are told3 8,! troops set (f 9 sil5ce1 no smok+ or giv+ ( ord]s al\d be+ p]mitt$4 ,! eng9e]s _h set up direct+ po/s z guides 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! m>*1 b 9 ! deep d>kness ( a moonless night ^! 7 n easy to f9d4 ,only ! ,nor? ,/> & ! ,little ,be>1 %9+ ?r\gh ! drift+ cl\ds1 gave ! lead]s "s fix$ po9t by :i* to f9d ! way4 ,sir ,g>net s5t 8 own naval aide-de-camp1 ,lieut5ant ,rawson1 ,r4 ,n41 :o 0 accu/om$ to /e] by ! />s1 to act z a guide ) ,sir ,edw>d ,hamley's division4 ,ev5 ) ?is help ! flanks ( ! ,highl& ,brigade 9 ! c\rse ( ! night m>* lo/ _! direction aft] a %ort halt1 & circl$ r\nd until a cresc5t-l =mation 0 ! result4 8,a second halt 0 necess>y to rem$y ! confusion4 ,soon aft]1 a /range light appe>$ ^u ! horizon1 & ,sir ,g>net fe>$ x 0 ! fir/ sign ( ! com+ dawn4 ,if s1 ! night attack _h fail$4 ,b no ris+ sun foll[$ t long /reak ( light1 & lat] on !y le>n$ t a comet _h be5 obs]v$ 9 ! heav5s = ! fir/ "t on t eve ( ,tel-el-,kebir40 ,on ,septemb] #bg1 ! comet 0 se5 at ,vi5na1 accord+ to a telegram receiv$ by ! ,a/ronom] ,royal at ,gre5wi*1 b mean:ile x _h be5 obs]v$ cont9u\sly at ! ,cape ( ,good ,hope ,obs]vatory s9ce ,septemb] #h4 ,x 0 se5 on ?is date by ,mr4 ,f9lay1 a memb] ( ! obs]vatory /aff1 :ile he 0 go+ homew>d aft] work+ all night at ! dome4 ,happ5+ to glance ea/w>d1 8 att5tion 0 at once attract$ by ! comet4 ,return+ ha/ily to ! obs]vatory1 he proce$$ to make ! necess>y measurem5ts = record+ its position ) reg>d to a small /> 9 its neighborhood4 ,"o c imag9e ! anxiety ) :i* its reappe>ance 0 await$ next morn+ by ,sir ,david ,gill1 ! director ( ! obs]vatory1 & by ^? :o may h he>d ! good news ( a comet 9 ! (f+4 ,! foll[+ morn+ ! comet 0 aga9 obs]v$1 & ,sir ,david ,gill s5t a telegram to ,sir ,james ,&]son1 *airman ( ! ,ea/]n ,telegraph ,company3 ,k9dly tell ,a/ronom] ,royal1 ,gre5wi*1 t bright comet 0 obs]v$ "h ye/]day morn+ by ,f9lay4 ,"r asc5sion ?is morn+1 n9e h\rs1 =ty m9utes1 increas+ h\rly1 n9e m9utes4 ,decl9ation "o degree s\?1 increas+ half degree s\? daily4 ,un=tunately1 ! telegram fail$ to rea* its de/9ation1 & 0 d\btless delay$ or mislaid 9 ! confusion ( numb]less w> messages4 ,! fir/ news t rea*$ ,europe ab\t ! comet 0 obta9$ by means ( a telegram on ,septemb] #ab1 f ,dr4 ,cruls1 director ( ! obs]vatory ( ! ,emp]or ( ,brazil4 ,sir ,david ,gill 0 anxi\s to prove ,mr4 ,f9lay's claim to priority 9 discov]+ ! comet1 b1 z we h already se51 he _h be5 =e/all$ by a/ronom]s 9 ,au/ralia1 & "s claim %\ld be all[$ = ! 8e>ly railroad work]s0 9 ,auckl&1 ,new ,zeal&1 :o 7 actually ! fir/ to see ! comet1 ?\gh _! obs]vation !re( _h no practical value4 ,= a :ile ! comet 0 kn[n z ! ,cruls comet1 b n[ x is g5]ally ref]r$ to z ! great comet ( #ahhb1 or ! ,daylight comet4 ,h[ev]1 lat] on1 z we h already not$1 x _h a rival z a ,daylight comet 9 #aiaj1 :5 a f9e comet resembl+ ! plume-l appe>ance ( ! comet ( ,donati 0 se5 to advantage 9 ,engl&4 ,! great comet _h ano!r rival 9 popul>ity 9 ! ye> #ahhb1 = on ,may #ag1 :5 ,dr4 ,s*u/] 0 develop+ photographic plates tak5 dur+ a total eclipse ( ! sun :i* occurr$ on t date1 he f\nd a m9iature comet seem+ly entangl$ 9 ! out] rays ( ! corona4 ,?is is ! sun's cr[n ( glory :i* c be se5 only dur+ ! "t ! gl>e ( sunlight is hidd5 f view by ! moon com+ directly betwe5 ! sun & ! e>?4 ,! consequ5t d>kness1 or totality1 z x is call$1 c nev] exce$ a duration ( eight m9utes1 & on ?is occasion dur+ a /ill brief] int]val ( "t ! little comet 0 captur$ by means ( ! cam]a4 ,?us1 a p]man5t record 0 secur$ ( its pres5ce ne> ! sun1 b z x _h n be5 se5 be=e nor 0 x se5 aft]w>d1 its motion mu/ h be5 extremely rapid1 & x may possibly h be5 drawn inw>d & consum$ by ! int5se sol> heat4 ,despite its small size & brief c>e]1 x is di/+ui%$ by ! "n ( ,tewfik1 aft] ! !n ,kh$ive ( ,egypt4 ,x has be5 sugge/$ t ! comet may be k9 to1 or "o & ! same )1 a comet :i* _h its photograph tak5 dur+ ! total eclipse ( ! sun1 ,april #af1 #ahic1 hav+ a p]iod l t ( ! sun-spots1 ( ab\t elev5 ye>s4 ,possibly ,sir ,david ,gill may h _h ! photograph ( ,comet ,tewfik 9 m9d :5 he he>d ( attempts :i* _h be5 made by ,mr4 ,%oy] ( ,cape ,t[n1 & ,mr4 ,simpson ( ,ab]de51 to photograph ! comet ( #ahhb4 ,! results _h be5 s f> successful z to prove t ! comet 0 capable ( giv+ a di/9ct impression aft] suffici5tly long exposure4 ,b x 0 ow+ to ! cordial & en?usia/ic assi/ance ( ,mr4 ,allis1 photograph] ( ,m[bray1 t ! fir/ pictures ( ! comet 7 obta9$4 ,:5 ,mr4 ,allis1 "u ! direction ( ,sir ,david ,gill1 fa/5$ a simple portrait cam]a ^u ! tube ( "o ( ! ,cape telescopes1 & po9t$ x at ! great comet1 little did he dream t ! exp]im5t w\ld ev5tually lead to su* great results 9 ! future4 ,"o c imag9e ! ?rill ( triumph z ! exp]im5t] wat*$ ! gradual process ( developm5t on ! photographic plate1 until1 z if by magic1 a f9e comet 0 reveal$ outl9$ aga9/ a />ry backgr\nd4 ,?us1 ?ree or f\r photographs 7 obta9$1 :i* excit$ ! greate/ int]e/ among a/ronom]s 9 ! nor!rn hemisph]e4 ,possibilities 7 sugge/$ ) reg>d to ! con/ruction ( a self-record+ photographic /> *>t1 ?us replac+ ! pa9/ak+ h&-drawn /> *>ts ( ! ,h]s*els1 ,argel&]1 my fa!r1 & o!r a/ronom]s at v>i\s times engag$ 9 su* "w4 ,! gigantic und]tak+ 0 ultimately divid$ among n9ete5 obs]vatories situat$ 9 nor!rn & s\!rn climes1 :i* w ev5tually result 9 a m>vel\s collection ( /> *>ts4 ,^! w include millions ( />s1 =m+ a cele/ial libr>y :i* may be consult$ at leisure ei!r n[ or a c5tury h5ce :5 ! mak]s !re( may h become a m]e memory4 ,if a supplem5t>y set is made 9 ! future1 comp>isons betwe5 ! two s]ies may result 9 important in=mation ) reg>d to /> drift4 7,x 0 by comp>+ /> *>ts ?us made a c5tury ap>t1 t my fa!r orig9at$ ! />-drift !ory1 by 8 obs]vations 9 connection ) ! five />s ( ,ursa ,major 9 #ahfh1 a !ory confirm$ by ! spectroscopic inve/igations ( ,dr4 ,hugg9s47 ,cele/ial photography1 ow+ to ,dr4 ,gill's sugge/ion ) reg>d to ! />-gemm$ photographs ( ! comet ( #ahhb1 may add greatly to our k 9 connection ) su* problems1 ! records ( ! pa/ ?us becom+ ! />-lett]$ volumes = ! /ud5ts ( ! future4 ,und\bt$ly ?is a*ievem5t1 ! result ( ! photographs tak5 ( ! great comet ( #ahhb1 ranks high among ^? :i* make a/ronomy appeal s vividly to ! imag9ation4 ,n[ let u see h[ ,mr4 ,allis w5t to "w 9 obta9+ ! portrait ( ?is memorable comet4 ,to secure a p]fect picture ( its delicate detail1 an exposure ( n less ?an half an h\r 0 requir$4 ,to obviate ! difficulty caus$ by ! rotation ( ! e>?1 ,mr4 ,allis atta*$ 8 cam]a ) a rapid portrait l5s & s5sitive dry plate to ! decl9ation axis ( a l>ge equatorial1 & !n turn$ bo? ! telescope ( ! equatorial & ! cam]a 9 ! direction ( ! comet4 ,matt]s 7 s arrang$ t 9 :atev] direction ! telescope 0 turn$1 ! small cam]a w\ld turn exactly ) x1 & ?us by means ( clockwork & prop] small motions = delicate adju/m5t1 ! comet 0 kept accurately 9 ! field ( view dur+ ! :ole "t ( exposure4 ,! cam]a 0 !re=e also po9t$ dur+ ! :ole exposure to precisely ! same po9t ( ! comet1 & 9 ?is way1 aft] "o prelim9>y failure1 ?ree v beautiful & q invaluable negatives ( ! comet 7 obta9$4 ,^! ?ree negatives w rema9 ( p]man5t value z a sci5tific record ( "o ( ! mo/ glori\s comets ev] se54 ,to foll[ ! progress ( ! comet z x increas$ 9 spl5dor day by day1 let u return to ! record ( ,dr4 ,g\ld1 director ( ! ,cordoba ,obs]vatory4 ,on ,septemb] #af1 we are told t ! brightness ( ! comet 0 su* t x 0 visible ) ! f9d+ telescope ?r\gh\t ! day4 ,! next day x 0 s bright t x c\ld be easily obs]v$ 9 full sunlight1 & at elev5 o'clock t morn+ ! sun & ! comet 7 9 ! same field ( view4 ,!n ! comet 0 hidd5 = a :ile1 z x pass$ betwe5 u & ! disk ( ! sun4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,great ,,daylight ,,comet1 ,,septemb]1 #ahhb ,photograph tak5 at ! ,royal ,obs]vatory1 ,cape ( ,good ,hope ,on ,monday1 ,septemb] #ah1 ! brilliancy ( ! comet attract$ popul> att5tion ?r\gh\t ! c\ntry1 & ! 8blaz+ />0 ne> ! sun 0 ! "o topic ( conv]sation4 ,9 ! small telescope x pres5t$ ! aspect ( a brilliant nebul\s mass1 hav+ on ea* side curv$ app5dages l horns or w+s1 ne>ly z l>ge z ! c5tral body1 & at _! base q z brilliant1 ! g5]al =m ( ! :ole rem9d+ "o ( ! w+$ globes c>v$ on anci5t monum5ts4 ,?is appe>ance1 d\btless due to ! outbreak ( gl[+ vapors f ! nucleus1 0 also exhibit$1 al?\gh to less ext5t1 on ! foll[+ two days1 dur+ bo? ( :i* ! comet rema9$ visible to ! nak$ eye4 ,obs]vations made ( ! comet ) l>ge telescopes %[$ t ! nucleus _h sep>at$ into six or eight />-l knots /rung l pe>ls along a lum9\s /reak "s fifty ?\s& miles 9 l5g?4 ,! l>ge/ ( ^! knots 0 "s five ?\s& miles 9 diamet]1 an int]e/+ fact z comp>$ ) ! size ( ! e>?1 :i* is #g1ibe miles1 accord+ to ! ,briti% ,a/ronomical ,association ,h&book = #aibe4 ,a fa9t /raight-edg$ beam ( light1 or 8%ea?10 accompani$ ! comet1 envelop+ ! head & project+ l a hood ?ree or f\r degrees 9 front4 ,besides ?is1 ?ree or f\r irregul> %r$s ( comet>y matt] 7 detect$1 escort+ ! comet1 z x 71 l airplanes1 at a di/ance ( ?ree or f\r degrees :5 fir/ se51 b gradually rec$+ f x1 & at ! same "t gr[+ fa9t]4 ,! actual l5g? ( ! comet's tra9 at "o "t exce$$ "o hundr$ million miles1 m ?an ! di/ance ( ! sun f ! e>?4 7,if ! head ( ! comet _h re/$ on ! e>?1 & its tra9 /ret*$ outw>d t[>d ! sun1 x w\ld h ext5d$ sev5 million miles beyond t lum9>y47 ,! tra9s ( comets h be5 gr\p$ "u ?ree types1 viz41 ! long /raight rays z %[n 9 ! photograph ( ,halley's comet1 ?\gh ?is 0 only "o ( ! _m outl9es assum$2 ! second is ! curv$1 plume-l tra9 resembl+ t ( ! comet ( ,donati2 & ?irdly ! %ort /ubby bru%es viol5tly curv$4 ,! great ,daylight comet _h a greatly curv$ tra9 belong+ to ! second type1 & x 0 ma9ly compos$ ( c>bon comp\nds4 ,! curvature ( ! tra9 0 due to matt] = :i* ! repulsive =ce is only a fraction ( ! gravitational =ce4 ,! pressure ( light f ! sun 0 a mo/ important factor 9 ! =mation ( its tra94 ,:5 ! fi]ce pressure ( ! sun's light /rikes ^u ! p>ticles =m+ ! tra91 x drives ! p>ticles :i* are ( ! same relative size z ! p>ticles ( light along ) !m1 j z :5 ! waves ( ! sea break aga9/ a bea* !y t5d to drive small pebbles & s& upw>d along ! bea*4 ,,h9ts ,,= ,,amateur ,,photograph]s ,to an amateur photograph] :o desires to obta9 ! picture ( a comet :i* may appe> p]*ance 9 ! ne> future1 _! caprici\s appe>ance at unexpect$ p]iods be+ "o ( _! *>ms1 ! foll[+ h9ts may be mo/ acceptable4 ,= "w ( ?is k9d an equatorial telescope is us$ ) a photographic l5s & cam]a /rapp$ !reon4 ,! telescope is m\nt$ on an axis t is p>allel to ! e>?'s axis1 & is made to rotate we/w>d by :at is call$ a driv+-clock j z fa/ z ! e>? turns to ! ea/4 ,x w foll[ ! motion ( ! sky 7:i* app>5tly drifts we/w>d71 & keep e /> approximately fix$ 9 ! field ( view1 or on ! photographic plate 9 ! atta*$ cam]a4 ,o!rwise1 ! />s w appe> z trails ( light1 caus$ by ! rotation ( ! e>? z x moves onw>d at ! rate ( n9ete5 miles a second1 :i* is r di/urb+ to an a/ronom] :o may be desir\s ( obta9+ a photograph ( ! />s ov]head4 ,:at is he to d8 ,"h is our planet turn+ ea/w>d & ! />s app>5tly drift+ we/w>d1 & unless ! telescope is made to keep up ) ! />s by means ( clockwork ! results are disa/r\s4 ,consequ5tly1 ! telescope is made to foll[ ! />1 comet1 or :atev] ! desir$ cele/ial trophy may be1 & x is kept 9 su* a position t ! object 9 view is c5trally plac$ at ! int]section ( two ?reads obta9$ f a spid]'s web4 ,= ?is reason1 spid]s are treat$ ) due respect 9 obs]vatories1 & may expla9 ! expression ( dismay ! writ] saw on ! face ( an ,indian assi/ant at ! ,kodaikanal obs]vatory 9 s\!rn ,india1 :5 %e ne>ly dispat*$ "o ( ^! noxi\s insects1 :i* succe$$1 h[ev]1 9 deftly elud+ de/ruction4 ,illu/ration3 ,,photograph ,,( ,a ,,bright ,,meteor ,,by ,,dr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,s4 ,,locky] ,! /> trails %[n 9 ! photograph tak5 by ,dr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,s4 ,locky] give an excell5t idea ( :at happ5s to a photograph ( ! />s :5 ! clockwork is all[$ to run d[n4 ,9 ?is in/ance ! telescope1 ) ! accompany+ cam]a1 0 /ation>y dur+ ! exposure ( a little ov] two h\rs1 ) ! result t ! />s photograph$ are n po9ts ( light1 b bright & fa9t l9es 9 sections ( circles1 s9ce ! telescope 0 po9t$ to ! pole ( ! heav5s4 ,! int]e/ 9 ?is photograph is increas$ by ! fact t a meteor da%$ across t "p ( ! sky dur+ ! c\rse ( ! exposure1 ?us result+ 9 "o ( ! f9e/ photographs ( a meteor ev] obta9$4#h ,_h ! exposure la/$ dur+ tw5ty-f\r h\rs1 & ! photograph be5 tak5 9 ,norway "s "t dur+ ! c\rse ( _! long w9t] night1 ! trails w\ld h be5 complete circles4 ,by ?is means we d n get a picture ( ! />s1 b simply a photograph illu/rat+ ! rotation ( ! e>?4 ,to obta9 a picture ( ! />s1 !re=e1 an equatorial atta*m5t1 z above describ$1 is an absolute necessity4 ,"s p h an idea t all an a/ronom] has to d 9 mak+ photographs ( a comet1 or o!r cele/ial object1 is to turn ! telescope 9 ! direction want$1 /rap on ! cam]a1 w9d up ! clock1 & !n g homew>d = a good night's re/4 ,un=tunately1 no driv+-clock has yet be5 devis$ s p]fect z to move ! telescope exactly ) ! />s4 ,accord+ to ,pr(essor ,e4 ,e4 ,b>n>d1 :o 0 an exp]t on su* matt]s-- 8,!re is always m or less irregul>ity ( motion1 all ( :i* w\ld be record$ on ! plate1 & ! />s1 in/ead ( %[+ z m]ely po9ts ( light1 w\ld be elongat$ & blurr$4 ,! fa9t] ones w\ld n %[ at all1 because !y c\ld n be /ill long en\gh to h _! pictures tak54 ,t is :y y see 9 ! photograph ! obs]v] ) 8 eye #8glu$ to ! telescope1' wat*+ a />1 a guid+ /> :i* he con/antly keeps beh9d ! int]section ( two illum9at$ spid] ?reads 9 ! eyepiece1 by ! sl[-motion rods :i* are controll$ by 8 h&s40 ,?us1 e /> or comet is kept immovable on ! s5sitive plate1 & x pa9ts its own portrait z long z ! telescope is made to turn we/w>d z fa/ z ! e>? rotates ea/w>d4 ,t is :y a driv+ clock is absolutely necess>y = ! amateur comet photograph] :o is desir\s ( obta9+ accurate results4 ,_m h\rs are requir$ 9 obta9+ a successful photograph ( su* comets z ! ,moreh\se comet1 ! s5sitive plate requir+ sometimes an exposure ( _m h\rs be=e x reveals satisfactory results4 ,! obs]v] mu/ sit pati5tly h\r aft] h\r1 guid+ ! in/rum5t1 & ! writ] has "s idea ( :at ?is mu/ mean1 f a brief five m9utes' exp]i5ce at ,m\nt ,wilson 9 connection ) ! sixty-in* reflector4 ,z a great favor %e 0 all[$ to hold ! bulb 9 h] h& :i* by ! slighte/ pressure br\ght back an err+ /> :i* _h attempt$ to /ray mom5t>ily f ! c5t] ( ! field ( view ( ! telescope4 ,:5 "o consid]s ! h\rs sp5t by ! late ,pr(essor ,b>n>d 9 ?is n]ve-rack+ "w1 ! pati5t endurance ( ! a/ronom]s :o specialize 9 cele/ial photography becomes evid5t4 ,x is an ardu\s task1 & "o d\btless subject to _m disappo9tm5ts1 to avoid :i* ,pr(essor ,b>n>d tri$ to =mulate "s set ( rules t w\ld be dep5d5t on ! local "t & position ( ! comet1 b ^! 7 f9ally reject$4 8,s mu* w\ld dep5d on ! purity ( ! atmosph]e at ! "t1 ! size & light ratio ( ! l5s1 ! k9d ( plate us$1 etc41 t !y w\ld probably lead to ! v errors aga9/ :i* we wi% to guide40 ,! position ( ! comet ) respect to ! po9t ( sunrise or sunset1 & fre$om f any =m ( haze 9 ! sky1 are important factors 9 ! exposure ( comet plates4 ,moreov]1 x is necess>y t !y %\ld n be expos$ too e>ly 9 ! ev5+ or too late 9 ! morn+1 9 ei!r case result+ 9 unsatisfactory negatives4 ,! be/ ( all rules is ! judgm5t ( ! obs]v] at ! mom5t1 b only long exp]i5ce w w>n "o by a glance at ! sky :5 !re is dang] ( failure 9 ?is class ( "w4 ,x is ! few mom5ts at ! beg9n+ or end ( ! exposure t w injure or ru9 ! plate4 ,) a small portrait l5s 7! mo/ useful size is ab\t six in*es7 ess5tially ev]y?+ ab\t a comet w be %[n z quickly z ) a l>g] "o4 ,! ma9 advantage ( ! l>ge l5s w\ld lie 9 its great] scale--:i* ( itself is ( great importance4 ,ano!r s\rce ( dang] is moonlight1 especially 9 ! case ( a long exposure4 ,nev]!less1 accord+ to ,pr(essor ,b>n>d1 important results may be obta9$ 9 full moonlight1 if ! comet is n too ne> ! moon4 ,mu*1 h[ev]1 w dep5d ^u ! cle>ness ( ! atmosph]e2 ! pur] x is ! less w ! moonlight affect ! plate4 ,9 ?is case a dew-cap helps mu*4 ,on an ord9>y moonlit sky an exposure ( half an h\r ) a quick portrait l5s w n ru9 a fa/ plate if ! comet is n too ne> ! moon4 ,9 full moonlight1 h[ev]1 a long] exposure1 unless "u exceptional conditions1 w s]i\sly injure or ru9 ! plate4 ,) ! half-h\r exposure ! plate w be fogg$1 & ( c\rse ! be/ quality ( negatives _c be obta9$ !refrom4 ,all plates %\ld be back$ to prev5t halation4 ,a back+ made ( sug> & burnt si5na is recomm5d$ z entirely satisfactory1 & c be kept 9 /ock4 ,! =mula z suppli$ by ! ,cram] ,dry ,plate ,company is z foll[s3 ,cook two p\nds ( granulat$ sug> 9 a saucepan1 )\t ! addition ( any wat]1 until x is ne>ly 9 ! c>amel or fudge /age4 ,!n /ir 9 "o p\nd ( burnt si5na & cook a little long]1 /irr+ well4 ,d n let ! back+ get /icky1 or x w be difficult to h&le & w n s(t5 s readily :5 remov$ f ! plate4 ,f9ally add ab\t half an ounce ( alcohol to ea* p9t z a dri]4 ,put away 9 a wide-m\!d /opp]$ bottle or j>4 ,:5 ne$$ = use1 dilute a little ( ?is ) wat] to ! consi/5cy ( a ?ick b n too wet pa/e4 ,apply 7n wet en\gh to run7 to ! back ( ! plate ) a wide camel's hair bru%4 ,x is n necess>y to back heavily4 ,a %eet ( s(t pap] 7an old newspap]7 press$ on ! back$ surface w prev5t injury to ! plate1 :i* %\ld be fre%ly back$ :5 ready = use4 ,if kept 9 /ock a long "t aft] be+ back$1 an unequal fogg+ is likely to occur4 ,be=e develop+1 remove ! back+ :ile x is /ill damp1 ) a moi/ piece ( absorb5t cotton4 ,%\ld a small am\nt rema9 x w n affect ! develop] s]i\sly4 ,! plates %\ld be c>efully du/$ ) a broad s(t camel's hair bru%1 aft] be+ put 9 ! plate-hold]4 ,! cam]a tube %\ld be wip$ out frequ5tly ) a damp clo? to free x f du/4 ,x %\ld also h a tight-fitt+ cov] at ! plate end to keep x clos$ :5 ! plate-hold] is n 9 position4 ,!re %\ld be f\r spr+s1 "o at ea* corn]1 on ! back ( ! plate-hold]s1 to press ! plate =w>d 9 a con/ant position4 ,on acc\nt ( its great] s5sitiv5ess ! ,lumire ,sigma plate is recomm5d$ by ,pr(essor ,b>n>d1 al?\gh he draws att5tion to ! fact t ?is plate has frequ5tly be5 f\nd defective 9 hav+ small1 r\nd1 transp>5t & opaque spots4 ,x is also m subject to 8*emical fog0 ?an ! ,cram] or ,se$4 ,o!rwise1 x is a beautiful & v rapid plate4 ,:5 ! comet is at its brighte/1 ! ,se$ #bg ,gilt ,edge plates are recomm5d$ on acc\nt ( _! g5]al fre$om f defects & f9] gra94 ,) ^! few sugge/ions 9 respect to photograph+ comets1 made by ,pr(essor ,b>n>d 9 ,popul> ,a/ronomy1 ,no4 #agj1 ! amateur comet-hunt] is enabl$ to make an attempt1 at any rate1 at photograph+ ^? wond]s ( ! heav5s :i* h prov$ s attractive on acc\nt ( _! v>y+ appe>ance f night to night4 ,= ^? :o may n h a ready access to a/ronomical libr>ies1 ! above cond5s$ acc\nt f ,pr(essor ,b>n>d's article on ! subject %\ld prove invaluable4 ,9 an acc\nt ( 8 life-"w giv5 by ,pr(essor ,b>n>d dur+ ! c\rse ( an aft]-d9n] spee* 9 ,janu>y1 #aijg1 at ,na%ville1 & entitl$ by him1 8,"s ,una/ronomical ,exp]i5ces ( a ,lectur]10 he ref]r$ to 8 int]e/ 9 comets z foll[s3 8,i h always be5 int]e/$ 9 comets4 ,^! rem>kable objects1 :i* sometimes sweep across ! heav5s ) _! wond]ful tra9s ( light1 & :i* 9 all ages h be5 objects ( sup]/ition & t]ror1 are among ! mo/ int]e/+ 9 ! heav5s4 ,little by little ! my/]y atta*$ to !m is be+ solv$4 ,?is has be5 done ma9ly ?r\gh ! aid ( photography4 ,_m ( ! physical ph5om5a ( ! tails ( comets are too fa9t to be se5 ) ! eye1 al?\gh x may be aid$ by a p[]ful telescope2 b ! photographic plate secures a p]man5t record ( ^! 9 all _! complexity & beauty4 ,^! photographs %[ t ! =m & o!r peculi>ities ( a comet's tail are (t5 utt]ly trans=m$ f night to night4 ,x is !re=e highly important t a cont9u\s s]ies ( photographs %\ld be obta9$ ( e active comet t c be obs]v$1 = _! ph5om5a are z evanesc5t z smoke itself4 8,9 #ahib1 at ! ,lick ,obs]vatory1 ,i 0 engag$ 9 photograph+ a comet 7,swift's7 !n visible 9 ! morn+ sky j be=e daylight4 ,e morn+'s picture increas$ ! int]e/ & importance ( ! "w4 ,un=tunately1 ,i _h arrang$ = a lecture 9 ! ,normal ,s*ool at ,san ,jos = ! night ( ,may #f4 ,i did n want to disappo9t ! p1 & ,i c]ta9ly c\ld n let ! comet g by unphotograph$4 ,san ,jos 0 ne>ly a mile bel[ u 9 v]tical height & tw5ty-sev5 miles di/ant by /age road4 ,! only possible way = me to secure my photograph & n disappo9t my audi5ce 0 to return to ,mt4 ,hamilton t night aft] ! lecture4 ,at t5 o'clock ,i hir$ a horse & buggy 9 ,san ,jos & drove up t lonely m\nta9 road1 ! j\rney tak+ five h\rs1 & arriv$ at ! summit at ?ree o'clock 9 ! morn+1 9 "t to make a photograph ( ! comet4 ,illu/ration3 ,,comet #ahic ,,iv ,,brooks ,exposures ( ,octob] #ba1 #bb1 & #bc1 %[+ probable enc\nt] ) "s m$ium :i* %att]$ ! tail4 ,tak5 at ,lick ,obs]vatory by ,pr(essor ,e4 ,e4 ,b>n>d 8,! picture t ,i got prov$ to be a v important "o1 z ! comet 0 !n und]go+ ! mo/ rem>kable *anges4 ,i mu/ say t a good _m ?rills pass$ ov] me dur+ t lonely m\nta9 ride 9 ! dead ( night--"s = ! *ance t ,i might drive ov] into a caon to dea?1 & o!rs = ! possible int]ruption ( my t]re/rial exi/5ce ?r\gh an enc\nt] ) "s hungry1 roam+ m\nta9 lion4 ,9 ! ma91 ! j\rney 0 a mo/ impressive "o4 ,alone 9 ! m\nta9s1 ) only ! horse 9 front & my fri5ds ! />s above me1 ,i d\bt if my c\rage _h n fail$ me entirely if ! fri5dly />s _h n enc\rag$ me ) _! pres5ce40 ,,*apt] ,,six ,,return ,,( ,,halley',s ,,comet ,,9 #aiaj 8,x w\ld h be5 a gratification to "k t ev]yone :o saw ?is wond]ful object1 did s ) ! same feel+ ( elation & wond]--"o w\ld almo/ say v5]ation--) :i* ! av]age a/ronom] reg>d$ ?is beautiful & my/]i\s object /ret*+ its wond]ful /ream ( light across ! sky40 --,e4 ,e4 ,,b>n>d4 ,:ile ,halley's comet1 at its return 9 #aiaj1 0 und\bt$ly a m>vel\s object z se5 9 ! cle> skies ( ,am]ica & 9 s\!rn climes1 yet x 0 m or less ( a disappo9tm5t to wat*]s ( ! sky 9 ,engl&1 because ! view 0 impair$ by twilight & l[ altitude4 ,nor did x come up to ! expectations ( ^? ^: hopes _h be5 ar\s$ by ! f9e s]ies ( ev]-v>y+ appe>ances1 record$ by ! cam]a 9 connection ) ! ,moreh\se comet1 ref]r$ to 9 ! la/ *apt]4 ,nev]!less1 accord+ to ,pr(essor ,b>n>d1 exp]t 9 photography ( cele/ial objects1 _h x n be5 = ! rem>kable ph5om5a record$ by ! cam]a 9 connection ) ! ,brooks comet ( #ahic 7see photograph71 & ! ,moreh\se comet ( #aijh1 ! num]\s photographs obta9$ ( ,halley's comet w\ld h plac$ x 9 ! fir/ rank among ! records ( ^! bodies4 ,yet :ile x lack$ mu* ( int]e/ z se5 ) ! eye ( ! s5sitive plate1 x left a la/+ impression on ! human eye1 add+ r5ew$ int]e/ to its long life hi/ory ( m ?an two ?\s& ye>s4 ,! tra9 ( ! comet rea*$ ! prodigi\s l5g? ( #adj1 ow+ to its be+ s ne> ! e>?1 & its great curvature 0 %[n by ! fact t x rema9$ visible 9 ! morn+ sky = two days aft] ! head _h become visible 9 ! ev5+ sky4 ,illu/ration3 ,,halley',s ,,comet ,f photograph tak5 at ,union ,obs]vatory1 ,johannesburg1 ,may #e1 #aiaj4 ,exposure #fj m9utes4 ,halley1 by ^: "n ! comet is kn[n1 0 ! fir/ def9itely to e/abli% ! fact1 suspect$ be=e1 t c]ta9 comets are regul> visitors to ! doma9 ( ! sun1 return+ at /at$ int]vals4 ,= ?is reason !y are t]m$ p]iodic comets4 ,aft] ,halley _h calculat$ ! pa?s ( tw5ty-f\r comets1 he f\nd t ?ree 7 mov+ 9 orbits almo/ id5tical4 ,f ?is he assum$ t ! ?ree comets mu/ be "o & ! same1 j z1 :5 a tra9 passes ?r\gh a /ation at regul> /at$ int]vals1 "o is l$ to inf] t x mu/ be ! same tra94 ,naturally all[ances mu/ be made = delays due to fog or /ormy wea!r1 b ^! factors are tak5 into acc\nt %\ld ! tra9 arrive aft] s*$ul$ "t4 ,9 ! case ( a comet x may be delay$ by means ( ! di/urb+ effects ( ! giant planets ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 ,uranus1 & ,neptune1 b 9 ,halley's day ! pres5ce ( ! la/ two planets 9 ! sol> sy/em 0 z yet unkn[n 7,uranus 0 discov]$ 9 #agha1 & ,neptune 9 #ahdf74 ,!re=e ! foll[+ pr$iction made by ,halley1 :5 he 0 conv9c$ t ! pa?s ( ! comets :i* appe>$ 9 #aeca1 #afjg1 & #afhb 7 id5tical1 is all ! m wond]ful1 s9ce only an approximate all[ance _h be5 made = ^! di/urb+ factors4 ,ref]r+ to ! comet ( #afhb1 he said3 8,if x %\ld return accord+ to our pr$ictions ab\t ! ye> #ageh1 imp>tial po/]ity w n refuse to ackn[l$ge t ?is 0 fir/ discov]$ by an ,engli%man40 ,?is 0 c]ta9ly ! mo/ extraord9>y pr$iction ev] made1 = comet>y inve/igations 7 !n 9 _! infancy1 & ,halley 0 ! only man liv+ :o c\ld h comput$ ! orbit ( ?is comet4 ,newton _h 8 d\bts reg>d+ ! sugge/ion t a comet se5 on "o side ( ! sun might be id5tical ) ano!r se5 on ! o!r side "s weeks lat]1 b ,rob]t ,hooke1 9 a lett] address$ to ,newton 9 #afgi1 suspect$ t a comet c\ld reappe> aft] a def9ite p]iod4 ,he decl>$ t1 if gravity decreas$ accord+ to ! reciprocal ( ! squ>e ( ! di/ance1 ! pa? ( a projectile w\ld be an ellipse4 ,z ! ye> #ageh approa*$1 "o c imag9e ! int]e/ ar\s$ among a/ronom]s1 & ! calculations :i* 7 made = det]m9+ z accurately z possible ! di/urb+ effects ( ! l>g] planets )9 ! sph]e ( ^: influ5ce ! comet might pass4 ,x is impossible to convey an idea ( ! labor involv$ 9 mak+ ! requir$ computations ( ! p]turbations ( ?is comet ?r\gh\t a p]iod ( two revolutions1 or "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s4 ,x is ) a feel+ ( pride t ! au?or notes ! important "p tak5 9 ?is "w by ,madame ,lepaute1#i wife ( "o ( ! assi/ants ( ! great ma!matician ,lal&e4 ,h] "w prov$ ( ine/imable value accord+ to ! foll[+ rem>ks made by h] husb& on ! subject3 8,dur+ six mon?s we calculat$ f morn+ till night1 sometimes ev5 at meals2 ! consequ5ce ( :i* 0 t ,i contract$ an illness :i* *ang$ my con/itution dur+ ! rema9d] ( my life4 ,! assi/ance r5d]$ by ,madame ,lepaute 0 su* t )\t h] we nev] %\ld h d>$ to und]take ! enorm\s lab\r ) :i* x 0 necess>y to calculate ! di/ance ( ea* ( ! two planets1 ,jupit] & ,saturn1 f ! comet1 sep>ately = e degree1 = "o hundr$ & fifty ye>s40 ,amid all ^! difficulties1 ! comput]s toil$ on1 & f9ally1 z ! "t 0 draw+ ne> = ! return ( ! comet1 ,clairaut1 :o 0 work+ 9 conjunction ) ,lal&e1 ann\nc$ t ! expect$ comet w\ld be delay$ "o hundr$ days by ! influ5ce ( ,saturn1 & five hundr$ & eighte5 days by ! action ( ,jupit]1 & !re=e fix$ its ne>e/ approa* to ! sun = ,april #ac?1 #agei4 ,^! results 7 pres5t$ to ! ,academy ( ,sci5ces on ,novemb] #ad1 #ageh1 & z we h already se5 9 an e>li] *apt] ( ?is book1 on ,decemb] #be? ( t ye> ! fir/ glimpse ( ! long-expect$ w&]] 0 obta9$ by ,george ,palitzs*1 a f>m] ( ,saxony4 ,8 telescope 0 small1 8 vision ke51 b ! en?usiasm ( a devot$ amateur made up = 8 lack ( suitable equipm5t4 ,obs]vations 7 made ( ! comet1 & a/ronom]s 7 soon able to prove t ! p]ihelion passage w\ld take place on ,m>* #ac1 #agei1 ?irty-two days be=e ! epo* calculat$ by ,clairaut4 ,su* a triumphant success ( ! !ory produc$ a deep impression 9 ! sci5tific _w1 &1 z ,lal&e en?usia/ically rem>k$3 8,! univ]se beholds ?is ye> ! mo/ satisfactory ph5om5on ev] pres5t$ to u by a/ronomy2 an ev5t :i*1 unique until ?is day1 *anges our d\bts to c]ta9ty1 & our hypo!ses to demon/ration4444 ,m4 ,clairaut ask$ "o mon?'s grace = ! !ory2 ! mon?'s grace 0 j suffici5t1 & ! comet has appe>$ aft] a p]iod ( #ehf days long] ?an ! previ\s "t ( revolution1 & ?irty-two days be=e ! "t fix$2 b :at are ?irty-two days to an int]val ( m ?an #aej ye>s1 dur+ only "o two-hundr$? "p ( :i* obs]vations 7 made1 ! comet be+ out ( sight all ! re/ ( ! "t6 ,:at are ?irty-two days = all ! o!r attractions ( ! sol> sy/em :i* h n be5 includ$2 = all ! comets1 ! situations & masses ( :i* are unkn[n to u2 = ! resi/ance ( ! e!real m$ium :i* we are unable ev5 to e/imate1 & = all ^? quantities :i* ( necessity h be5 neglect$ 9 ! approximations ( ! calculation80 ,tw5ty-five ye>s be=e ! comet 0 aga9 due1 its expect$ return 9 #ahce began to ar\se ! int]e/ ( a/ronom]s1 & prizes 7 (f]$ by two academies = ! mo/ accurate =eca/ ( its ne>e/ approa* to ! sun4 ,! successful competitors 7 ,b>on ,damoiseau & ,m4 ,pontec\lant1 & sev]al a/ronom]s und]took & complet$ ! task ( comput+ ! planet>y p]turbations4 ,al?\gh ! comput]s1 z might be expect$1 diff]$ slightly z to ! "t :5 ! comet w\ld make its ne>e/ approa* to ! sun1 yet ! diff]5ce 0 n due to any defects 9 ! me?ods ( computation1 b to ! imp]fections ( ! data employ$1 especially ) reg>d to ! unkn[n di/urb+ factor1 ! planet ,neptune4 ,n only 0 ! "t = ! ne>e/ approa* ( ! comet comput$1 b its exact pa? among ! />s 0 work$ out ) su* accuracy t directions c\ld be giv5 z to ! precise po9t t[>d :i* ! telescope mu/ be direct$ :5 ! comet came )9 range ( obs]vation4 ,on ,augu/ #e1 #ahce1 :5 ,m4 ,dum\*el1 director ( ! obs]vatory ( ! ,roman ,college1 turn$ 8 telescope 9 ! direction indicat$ & look$ ?r\gh ! tube1 to 8 great delight he saw ! comet z a fa9t & almo/ invisible /a9 ( light on ! deep blue ( ! heav5s4 ,?us did sci5ce triumph 9 a mo/ rem>kable mann]1 ! comet mak+ its ne>e/ approa* )9 n9e days ( ! pr$ict$ "t4 ,x appe>$ z a ne>ly circul> mi/y object ne> to ! pr$ict$ place1 & began to develop a tail ab\t ! middle ( ,septemb]1 :i* atta9$ a l5g? ( ab\t tw5ty-f\r degrees1 or ne>ly five times ! di/ance betwe5 ! po9t]s1 ,alpha & ,beta1 9 ! con/ellation ( ,ursa ,major4 ,to ! nak$ eye ! head ( ! comet resembl$ a r$di% /> r bright] ?an ,ant>es 9 ! con/ellation ( ! ,scorpion4 ,bessel comp>$ x to a blaz+ coal1 & call$ att5tion to ! peculi> fan-l haze ( lum9\s matt] =m+ ! tra91 :i* seem$ to sway to & fro l a p5dulum across ! radius vector1 an imag9>y l9e jo9+ ! sun & ! nucleus ( ! comet4 ,?is oscillation took place dur+ a p]iod ( f\r & ?ree-fif?s days4 ,he came to ! conclusion t a repulsive =ce ab\t twice z p[]ful z ! attractive =ce ( gravity 0 responsible = ! production ( ^! rem>kable effects1 ?us anticipat+ ! !ory accord+ to :i* ! v f9e p>ticles =m+ ! tra9 ( a comet may be driv5 away f ! direction ( ! sun by radiation pressure4 ,mean:ile ,halley's comet 0 pass+ ?r\gh a rem>kable s]ies ( trans=mations1 fir/ appe>+ z a nebula1 !n z a well-regulat$ comet ) nucleus & tra91 next %9+ z a />1 & f9ally dilat+ till x resembl$ a ball1 !n assum+ p>aboloidal =m ab\t ,may #e1 #ahcf1 aft] :i* x vani%$ z if melt+ into adjac5t space ?r\gh ! excessive diffusion ( its light4 ,moreov]1 x lo/ its tail previ\s to its arrival at p]ihelion on ,novemb] #af1 nor did x beg9 to recov] its elongat$ %ape until m ?an two mon?s lat]4 ,at ! return ( ,halley's comet 9 #aiaj x 0 conjectur$ t x w\ld probably be greatly di/urb$ by ! influ5ce ( ! planet ,jupit]1 & t ( ,uranus & ! newly discov]$ planet ,neptune4 ,x 0 !re=e possible = ,dr4 ,p4 ,h4 ,c[ell & ,dr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,d4 ,crommel9 7bo? ( ! ,royal ,obs]vatory1 ,gre5wi*7 to make a pr$iction s exact t ! comet 0 f\nd )9 six m9utes ( arc 9 ,r4 ,a41 & f\r m9utes 9 decl9ation ( its pr$ict$ place1 z %[n on ! fir/ photograph obta9$4 ,?is 0 equival5t to an angul> di/ance 9 ! sky less ?an "o qu>t] ( ! diamet] ( ! moon4 7,incid5tally1 a prize ( #a1jjj m>ks1 :i* _h be5 (f]$ by ,mr4 ,l9demann = ! mo/ accurate pr$iction ( ! comet's arrival at p]ihelion1 0 won & divid$ betwe5 ! two ma!maticians47 ,de ,pontec\lant _h made calculations reg>d+ ! return ( ! comet _m ye>s e>li] :i* 7 fairly ne> ! tru?1 b "o mon? too late4 ,x 0 action ( ,jupit] ab\t ! #ahce p]ihelion t _h su* an effect on ! #aiaj return4 ,! action ( ,jupit] at any return does n produce a notable effect till ! foll[+ return4 ,"o ( ! fir/ photographs obta9$ ( ,halley's comet at ?is return 0 due to ! =esight ( ,h]r ,max ,wolf ( ! ,heidelb]g ,obs]vatory1 9 expos+ a photographic plate = sev]al weeks be=eh&1 s z to entrap ! w&]] at ! fir/ opportunity4 ,x 0 caught at #b ,a4,m4 9 ! morn+ ( ,septemb] #ab1 #aiji1 engrav+ its image on ! photographic plate1 a welcome message ann\nc+ its adv5t to ! a/ronomical _w4 7,! fir/ photograph obta9$ ( ,halley's comet 0 tak5 at ,helwan on ,augu/ #bd1 b ,h]r ,wolf 0 ! fir/ to id5tify ! comet's image on ! plate4 ,!re 7 also _m e>ly photographs tak5 at ,gre5wi*47 ,= ?irty-two ye>s x _h rema9$ beyond ! orbit ( ! out]mo/ planet ,neptune1 !n1 ob$i5t to ! attractive p[] ( its "l & ma/] ! sun1 x _h />t$ on ! return trip4 ,despite its enorm\s di/ance f our planet1 & ! fact t x 0 beyond rea* ( telescope or cam]a1 x 0 possible = ma!maticians to trace its pa? ) un]r+ accuracy4 ,x _h approa*$ ! orbit ( ,neptune aft] ! ye> #ahhh1 ! orbit ( ,uranus ab\t t5 ye>s lat]1 cross+ t ( ,saturn 9 #aijh4 ,! foll[+ ye> x arriv$ at ! orbit ( ,jupit]1 ?us br++ x )9 ! range ( bo? ! photographic plate & giant telescopes4 ,its actual return to p]ihelion 9 #aiaj diff]$ by two & sev5-t5?s days f ! pr$iction :i* c be expla9$ only by ! exi/5ce ( =ces :i* are n pure gravitation1 or ! possibility ( ano!r planet beyond ,neptune1 z yet undiscov]$1 act+ z a di/urb+ factor4 ,:5 ! news ( ,h]r ,wolf's success 9 obta9+ a photograph ( ! comet _h be5 ann\nc$ on ,septemb] #ab1 x 0 foll[$ on ,septemb] #ae by a message f ! ,lick ,obs]vatory to ! effect t a photograph ( ! comet _h be5 obta9$ by ,dr4 ,heb] ,d4 ,curtis ) ! aid ( ! ,crossley reflector4 ,on ,w$nesday morn+1 ,septemb] #ae1 ,pr(essor ,s4 ,w4 ,burnham ( ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory at ,williams ,bay1 ,wiscons91 sight$ ,halley's comet by means ( ! great refractor ) its =ty-in* l5s1 :ile at ! same "t x 0 photograph$ ) ! two-foot reflector 9 an adjac5t dome1 by ,dr4 ,oliv] ,j4 ,lee4 ,! comet 0 aga9 detect$ by ,pr(essor ,burnham ! foll[+ morn+1 ,septemb] #af1 & x 0 also regi/]$ on ! photographic plate by ,dr4 ,lee4 ,!n came ! morn+ ( ,septemb] #ag1 "o ( ! mo/ ev5tful 9 ! life ( ! writ]1 :o _h arriv$ ! previ\s day z ! gue/ ( ! ,b>n>ds4 ,t night ! great refractor ) its =ty-in* l5s 0 9 ! c>e ( ,pr(essor ,b>n>d1 :o c\rte\sly invit$ ! writ] to come to ! obs]vatory ! next morn+ at #c ,a4,m41 escort$ by 8 niece1 ,miss ,calv]t1 = ! purpose ( look+ ?r\gh ! telescope & obta9+ a view ( ,halley's comet4 ,mak+ a fir/ visit to ! obs]vatory 9 ! d>kness prec$+ dawn 0 an exp]i5ce 9 itself1 b ! glimpse ( ! comet aft] its abs5ce ( sev5ty-five ye>s is "o nev] to be =gott51 nor is x easy to describe4 ,= ! fir/ second or s1 all seem$ d>kness z ,i gaz$ d[n ! l5g? ( t great tube 7#fc feet7 into ! op5+ beyond4 ,i saw no?+1 & an int5se feel+ ( disappo9tm5t ov]:elm$ me z ,i realiz$ & /at$ ?is fact1 b ,pr(essor ,b>n>d rem>k$ 9 8 :imsical way3 8,surely y did n expect to see ! comet ) a tail80 ,!n he advis$ me to keep on look+1 & ev5 :ile he spoke ,i saw a fa9t1 v mi/y outl9e4 8,is x exactly 9 ! c5t] ( ! field ( view80 qu]i$ ,pr(essor ,b>n>d :5 ,i told him t ,i _h se5 a nebul\s-look+ object1 & :5 ,i repli$ 9 ! negative1 he in=m$ me t t fa9t object ,i 0 look+ at 0 ! comet1 :i* eight mon?s lat] ,i saw 9 all its spl5dor f ! t[] at ! top ( ! ,times ,build+ 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,mean:ile1 ! comet _h be5 sl[ly increas+ 9 size1 & by ,m>* #d1 #aiaj1 x pres5t$ ! appe>ance %[n 9 a rem>kable photograph obta9$ at ! ,helwan ,obs]vatory4 ,x 0 !n sugge/ive ( ! nebul\s-look+ objects :i* _h be5 catalogu$ z su* by ,h]s*el & ,messi]1 b ! latt]1 be+ m int]e/$ 9 comets1 w\ld soon h recogniz$1 by means ( ! me?od already ref]r$ to1 ! diff]5ce z ! comet sl[ly mov$ aga9/ ! backgr\nd ( ! />s4 ,?is is no reflection on ! m>vel\s sight ( ,h]s*el1 b :5 "o reflects on ! en?usiasm ) :i* ,messi] hunt$ = comets1 we may be sure any suspici\s-look+ object he came across 0 subject$ to ke5 scrut9y be=e x 0 catalogu$ f9ally z "o ( ^? 8emb>rass+ objects0 he nam$ 8nebul40 ,dur+ ! autumn ( #aiji & ! e>ly "p ( ! ye> #aiaj ! comet 0 photograph$ & obs]v$ visually at all ! great obs]vatories4 ,at ! ,royal ,obs]vatory1 ,gre5wi*1 a f9e s]ies ( photographs 7 obta9$ despite ! try+ climate ( our c\ntry4 ,up on ! heights1 at ! ,gov]nm5t ,obs]vatory at ,kodaikanal 9 s\!rn ,india1 ! progress ( ! comet 0 record$ by telescope & cam]a1 s t our planet might be said on ?is occasion to h kept its ,argus eye con/antly direct$ t[>d ! cele/ial visitant4 ,accord+ to ,pr(essor ,b>n>d1 :o made a special /udy ( ! comet1 its fir/ appe>ance resembl$ t ( a small & r fa9t speck ( light1 v mu* l a fa9t /ell> nebula4 ,! increase 9 brightness 0 n v rapid1 & z late z ! f9al obs]vations 9 ,febru>y1 #aiaj1 be=e ! comet pass$ beh9d ! sun1 x gave v little promise ( ! spl5did display x 0 de/9$ to make lat] on 9 ! mon? ( ,may4 ,h[ev]1 its reappe>ance f beh9d ! sun 9 ! morn+ skies ( ,april & ,may c\ld n h be5 "u m un=tunate circum/ances = obs]vation at ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory4 ,accord+ to ,pr(essor ,b>n>d3 8t "p ( ! ye> is always unpropiti\s "h1 & x seem$ z if ev]y?+ comb9$1 on ?is p>ticul> occasion1 to hide f u ! gr[? ( ! comet & its approa* to ! e>?4 ,=e/ fires 9 ! nor!rn "p ( ! ,/ate 7,wiscons97 produc$ a d5sely smoky sky1 :i*1 ev5 :5 ! cl\ds 7 m]ciful to u & w\ld h let u see ! comet1 cut (f ) a ?ick yell[ veil all b a glimpse ( ! bright head40 ,! comet 0 se5 = ! fir/ "t ) ! nak$ eye at ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory on ,april #bi1 ! nucleus be+ bright & ( ! second magnitude4 ,! tail 0 visible = a c\ple ( degrees1 b ) field-glasses x c\ld be trac$ = f\r or five degrees4 ,on ,may #c1 at #c h4 #dj m4 7civil "t71 ! comet 0 se5 = ab\t "o m9ute 9 a ?9 /reak ( cle>] sky1 b ! next morn+ at ab\t ! same h\r x 0 a beautiful object ) a long tail /ream+ upw>d t[>d ! "r1 z %[n on ! magnific5t photograph obta9$ by ,pr(essor ,b>n>d4 ,! photograph fac+ ,*apt] ,,vi1 tak5 at ! ,union ,obs]vatory1 ,johannesburg1 on ,may #e1 #aiaj1 may give "s idea ( :at 0 expect$ b n realiz$ by wat*]s ( ! sky 9 ,engl&4 ,:5 x 0 ann\nc$ on ,april #bi t ! comet _h come )9 range ( nak$-eye obs]vations1 x occurr$ to ! writ]1 :o 0 9 ,new ,york ,city at ! "t1 t a desp]ate attempt mu/ be made to see ! comet1 despite ! smoke1 & electric lights turn+ night into day4 8,:5 !re's a w !re's a way10 & :ile walk+ along ,broadway on ! aft]noon ( ,april #cj1 wond]+ h[ ^! difficulties might be ov]come1 a glance 9 ! direction ( ! ,times ,build+ solv$ ! problem4 ,on expla9+ to ,mr4 ,van ,&a1 ! assi/ant editor ( ! ,times1 :at a v desirable spot ! summit ( ! ,times ,build+ w\ld be = obs]v+ ! comet1 a p]mit 0 obta9$ to be h&$ to ! janitor ! next morn+ at #c ,a4,m4 on ,may day4 ,x 0 inde$ a case ( 8,call me e>ly1 "m de>10 b an al>m clock s]v$ ! purpose equally well on ?is mom5t\s occasion4 ,promptly at ?ree o'clock ! p]mit 0 pres5t$ to ! janitor1 & ! writ]1 asc5d+ 9 ! lift1 0 transport$ to ! tw5ty-?ird /ory1 & escort$ up a spiral /aircase lead+ to ! t[]4 ,! door 0 unlock$ by ! janitor1 & ! writ]1 /epp+ out on to ! p>apet surr\nd+ ! t[]1 gaz$ ea/w>d = ! comet1 :i* fail$ to mat]ialize1 ow+ to a d5se haze4 ,await+ until dawn1 ! idea ( see+ ! comet 0 giv5 up1 b1 no?+ daunt$1 ! same program 0 c>ri$ out at ! same h\r on ,may #b1 & ,may #c1 b )\t avail4 ,illu/ration3 ,,halley',s ,,comet ,photograph tak5 on ,may #d1 #aiaj1 by ,pr(essor ,e4 ,e4 ,b>n>d at ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory1 ,williams ,bay1 ,wiscons9 ,!n came ,may #d1 a bitt]ly cold morn+2 b ! />s %one brightly & !re 0 e hope ( ! comet be+ visible f ! t[] heights4 ,^! hopes 7 confirm$1 = on /epp+ out on to ! p>apet ! writ] saw ! comet 9 all its spl5dor4 ,! hazy-look+ object se5 on ,septemb] #ag1 #aiji1 _h develop$ into a full-gr[n comet ) a head %9+ z a /> ( ab\t ! second magnitude1 & surr\nd$ by a nucleus4 ,ext5d+ outw>d l ! beam ( a se>*light gleam$ ! tail ne>ly fifte5 degrees 9 l5g?4 ,call+ d[n to ! janitor to make kn[n ! good news1 ! balcony 0 soon fill$ ) eag] memb]s ( ! ,times /aff1 :o 7 ?us enabl$ to obta9 a view ( ! comet4 ,by means ( a field-glass ?\ghtfully provid$ by ,mr4 ,van ,&a1 x 0 possible to see a fur!r ext5sion ( ! tra91 mak+ x 9 all ?irty degrees 9 l5g?4 ,spurts ( light l t9y waves seem$ to fl[ out f ! nucleus to a di/ance ( two or ?ree degrees4 ,at tw5ty m9utes to f\r1 ! writ]1 on look+ d[nw>d at ! horizon1 0 />tl$ by :at appe>$ to be a /reak ( flame1 b z x rose high] x prov$ to be ! cresc5t moon1 :i* ) ! comet & ! planet ,v5us1 complet$ a wond]ful trio4 ,! comet rema9$ visible1 resembl+ a bright /> ) a sl5d] /ream ( silv]y mi/ trail+ a few degrees aft]4 ,by f\r o'clock x _h fad$ 9 ! light ( approa*+ dawn4 ,a glance at ! photograph ( ,halley's comet obta9$ by ,pr(essor ,b>n>d at ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory on ,may #d w give an idea ( its spl5dor4 ,= ! next few morn+s obs]vations ( ! comet 7 disappo9t+1 ow+ to heavy mi/s 9 ! ea/]n skies4 ,! comet 0 almo/ completely hidd5 f view1 except on ! morn+ ( ,may #h1 :5 occasional glimpses 7 obta9$ ( x ?r\gh rifts 9 ! cl\ds4 ,on ,may #aj1 ! nucleus ( ! comet1 f :i* ext5d$ a dim9utive tra9 eight degrees 9 l5g? & fan-l 9 appe>ance1 c\ld be se5 = a few brief mom5ts1 aft] :i* x rema9$ hidd5 beh9d cl\ds until dawn1 mak+ fur!r obs]vations impossible4 ,x 0 n until ! morn+ ( ,friday1 ,may #ac1 t ! comet once m deign$ to reveal itself to ! /ra9+ eyes ( ! lonely wat*] on ! t[]4 ,! fir/ glimpse 0 obta9$ at t5 m9utes pa/ ?ree4 ,! comet !n resembl$ a fa9t :ite /reak drift+ 9 ! sky4 ,a m9ute or s lat] ! planet ,v5us came into view1 ga9+ 9 brilliancy z x rose above ! mi/s ne> ! horizon4 ,at tw5ty-five m9utes pa/ ?ree ! tra9 ( ! comet 0 tw5ty degrees 9 l5g?1 & by half pa/ ?ree x ext5d$ to a di/ance ( ?irty-five degrees1 or sev5 times ! di/ance betwe5 ! po9t]s 7,alpha & ,beta 9 ,ursa ,major74 ,x spread out l a p>tly op5$ fan1 its greate/ wid? at ! extreme end be+ ab\t five degrees or m4 ,! nucleus %one brightly z a /> ( ! second magnitude1 b by half pa/ ?ree x began to gr[ less di/9ct1 & at tw5ty m9utes pa/ f\r ! comet _h fad$ f view on ! arrival ( ! fir/ few /reaks ( dawn4 ,! comet 0 b>ely visible ! next few morn+s1 ?\gh wat*$ = anxi\sly1 s9ce !re 0 always ! possibility t x might reveal itself1 b ^! hopes 7 n realiz$4 ,a glance at ! cl\dy skies on ! morn+ ( ,may #ah sugge/$ ! impossibility ( see+ ! comet1 & = ! fir/ "t s9ce ! morn+ ( ,may #a1 ! writ] miss$ h] vigil at ! t[]4 ,int]e/ 0 reviv$1 h[ev]1 on le>n+ t ,pr(essor ,b>n>d _h se5 t morn+ 8a n>r[ twilight 7:i* lat] prov$ to be ! tail ( ! comet7 :i* seem$ to ext5d along ! ea/]n horizon4444 ,! head ( ! comet c\ld n be se5 :5 x rose1 ) ei!r ! five-in* or ! =ty-in* telescope1 because ( ! ?ick sky ne> ! horizon4444 ,! obs]vations %[ t ! tail 0 at lea/ #aji long on t date4 7,a/rophysical ,j\rnal1 vol4 ,,xxxix1 no #e1 pp4 #chg-chh1 ,june1 #aiad47 ,n[ despite ! fact t an a/ronom] at ,columbia ,univ]sity _h decl>$ ! comet w\ld be 9 ! ev5+ sky1 & x 0 useless look+ = x 9 ! morn+ sky ( ,may #ai1 ! writ] decid$1 nev]!less1 to wat* = ! comet at ab\t ! usual h\r1 & ) ! mo/ gratify+ results4 ,! p>apet surr\nd+ ! t[] 0 cr[d$ to its utmo/ capacity by a favor$ few on ! ev5tful ev5+ ( ,may #ah1 await+ !y knew n :at1 = a report _h gone =? t we 7 s*$ul$ to pass ?r\gh ! tra9 ( ! comet4 ,bel[ u we c\ld see comet p>ties 9 progress on ! ro( g>d5s ( "s ( ! lead+ hotels4 ,s\nds ( m]rim5t occasionally rea*$ u1 b by half pa/ t5 we--t is1 ,miss ,l41 :o _h (f]$ to %>e ! lonely vigil ) ! writ] until dawn--7 ! only wat*]s on ! t[]4 ,! hu% ( a great sil5ce _h gradually fall5 ov] ! city1 & 9 sil5ce1 too1 we wat*$ ! ea/]n sky = any fur!r trace ( ! comet4 ,notes made by ! writ] on ?is occasion record #aa4aj1 r$ fla% 7auroral72 #aa4bb1 fla% resembl+ an ar* ( gl[+ :ite surm\nt$ by a cre/ ( crimson4 ,! display occurr$ above a l[-ly+ bank ( mi/ & rose to ab\t five degrees above ! horizon4 ,x 0 n ( any consid]able bread?1 & resembl$ r a gl[ ( color aga9/ ! d>k backgr\nd ( ! sky ?an a wide b& ( light4 ,! moon1 :i* 0 %9+ brightly1 int]f]$ s]i\sly ) ! obs]vations ( auroral displays :i* appe>$ fa9t 9 its light4 ,ab\t #ab4ae a mi/ appe>$ to spread ov] ! city1 & ! air _h become damp & *illy4 ,by #a4cj ! mi/ _h cle>$ away4 ,at #b o'clock a meteor fla%$ across ! ea/]n sky1 d[nw>d 9 ! direction ( ! /> ,gamma 9 ! con/ellation ,pegasus4 ,x 0 blui%-gre5 9 color1 pe>-%ap$ 9 appe>ance1 leav+ a /reak five degrees 9 l5g? beh9d x z x fla%$ to )9 t5 degrees above ! horizon4 ,x rema9$ visible = ab\t five seconds1 & ! display 0 vivid :ile x la/$4 ,at #b4cj ! moon1 l[ d[n 9 ! we/]n sky1 appe>$ ( a ruddy hue z x 8sank 9 a sea ( gloom40 ,turn+ ea/w>d1 we saw a s(t gl[ 9 ! sky spread+ f bel[ ,pegasus & upw>d z f> z ! />s ( ,cassiopeia4 ,at #b4cd a gl[ ( grayi% hue ext5d$ ov] ! nor!a/]n sky4 ,at #b4dc a bright meteor 0 se5 by ,miss ,l41 b %e made no note ( its direction1 except t x 0 ea/w>d1 & a brief glimpse obta9$ by ! writ] %[$ its color z blui%4 ,at #b4de /ream]s1 :i* lat] prov$ to be ! comet1 7 obs]v$ rea*+ f ! ea/]n horizon1 bel[ ,gamma ,pegasi1 & curv+ upw>d ?r\gh ,aqu>ius z f> z ,altair1 & bright] 9 appe>ance ?an ! ,milky ,way4 ,at its wide/ "p1 j b5ea? ! fir/-magnitude /> ,altair1 ! wid? ( ! b& 0 ab\t t5 degrees1 & ?r\gh\t its l5g? x _h a brilliancy equal to t ( ! ,milky ,way1 ne> :i* x t]m9at$4 ,! pa? ( ?is b& ( light 0 v ne>ly t along :i* ! comet 0 la/ se51 & ! writ] 0 conv9c$ t x 0 ! out] b\nd>y ( ! tail ?r\gh :i* ! e>? 0 pass+4 ,b5ea? ?is /ream]1 & app>5tly re/+ along ! s\!a/]n horizon1 0 a second>y b& resembl+ a haze-l mi/y /ream]4 ,?is 0 n z cle>ly def9$ z 0 ! upp] b&1 &1 moreov]1 x m]g$ into ! mi/s ( ! horizon4 ,9 connection ) a sket* made by ! writ] on ?is occasion1 & %[n to ,pr(essor ,b>n>d1 he ref]r$ to x z foll[s 9 8 acc\nt ( 8,visual ,obs]vations ( ,halley's ,comet 9 #aiaj10 publi%$ 9 ! ,a/rophysical ,j\rnal = ,june1 #aiad3 8,) ! exception ( a sket* by ,miss ,m>y ,proctor 9 ,new ,york ,city1 & a newspap] acc\nt by ,pr(essor ,d4 ,p4 ,todd ( ,amh]/ 7^: obs]vation seem$ to ref] to ,may #af?71 ,i h se5 no ref]5ce f nor!rn obs]v]s to ! second1 fa9t] & broad] tail %[n 9 my draw+s ( ,may #ag & #ah1 s\? ( ! bright beam & sep>at$ f x by a di/9ct d>k space1 p]haps t5 degrees wide4 ,! head ( ! comet 0 ( c\rse invisible1 be+ bel[ ! horizon40 ,?is 0 all ! m pleas+ to ! writ]1 z d\bts _h be5 express$ 9 no unc]ta9 t]ms by a well-kn[n au?ority1 accord+ to ! foll[+ /atem5t publi%$ 9 an aft]noon pap]4 8,"s "o ?9ks %e saw ! comet 9 ! ea/]n sky1 :5 x is really 9 ! we/40 ,"o c imag9e ! anxi\s "t exp]i5c$ :ile await+ confirmation ( ! obs]vation1 b x came 9 due c\rse f ,y]kes1 ,lick1 ,arg5t9e ,republic1 ,s\? ,africa1 & ! writ] felt rew>d$ = ! _m dre>y waits 9 ! t[] dur+ ! 8wee sma' h\rs0 s9ce ,may #a4 ,on ! morn+ ( ,may #bj1 ! writ] aga9 wat*$ f ! ,times t[]1 9 ! hope ( see+ "s /raggl+ /ream]s trail+ along ! sky1 d5ot+ ! pres5ce ( ! comet4 ,betwe5 half pa/ two & a qu>t] pa/ ?ree a gho/ly app>ition resembl+ a sl5d] b& ( light 0 se5 ext5d+ upw>d1 ?\gh almo/ p>allel ) ! nor!a/]n horizon4 ,x seem$ to re/ on a d>k] b& ( lum9\s haze b5ea?4 ,surely ?is 0 ! la/ fragm5t ( ! tra9 ( ! comet1 outl9$ fa9tly aga9/ ! d>k void ( space4 ,t same morn+ ,pr(essor ,b>n>d at ,y]kes detect$ a hazy lum9\s /reak ab\t five degrees broad ext5d+ f ,aquil to ! ea/ & onw>d t[>d ,alpha ,pegasi4 8,?is resembl$ ! comet's tail10 record$ ,pr(essor ,b>n>d1 8b 0 d\btless a /rip ( haze4 ,i look$ at x sev]al times1 tak+ x = a /rip ( haze1 b x did n seem to move4 ,!re 7 masses ( mov+ haze ov]head t[>d ! nor?4 ,to all appe>ance x look$ l ! comet's tail ( ! morn+s ( ,may #ah & #ai4 ,i _c be c]ta9 t x 0 n haze1 b x 0 a s+ul> co9cid5ce ( position1 appe>ance1 etc41 if x 04 ,x rema9$ visible = fully fifte5 or tw5ty m9utes40 ,illu/ration3 ,,comet #ahfa1 ,,july #b1 ,,z ,,se5 ,,& ,,drawn ,,by ,r4 ,a4 ,,proctor ,! tail ( ! comet 0 ne> ! e>?1 :i* pass$ ?r\gh x on ?is occasion ,! tra9 may h be5 fan-l1 z 9 ! case ( ! comet ( #ahfa1 discov]$ on ,may #ac1 by ,mr4 ,john ,tebbutt ( ,w9dsor1 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 already ref]r$ to 9 ! *apt] on 8,comet-hunt+ z a ,hobby40 ,9 my fa!r's book1 ,my/]ies ( ,"t & ,space1 he records z foll[s 8 view ( t comet 9 connection ) ! draw+ "h giv53 8,! fir/ record$ obs]vations 7( ! comet ( #ahfa1 9 ,europe7 7 made on ! ev5+ ( ,june #cj1 n9ete5 days aft] x _h pass$ its po9t ( ne>e/ approa* to ! sun4 ,i rememb] well obs]v+ x on ! morn+ ( ,july #b1 #ahfa4 ,= "s reason ,i f\nd x impossible to sleep t morn+1 & gett+ up ab\t ?ree 7! exact h\r ,i d n rememb]1 b x mu/ h be5 v e>ly71 ,i saw 9 ! ea/ :at look$ at fir/ l ! rays ( an aurora borealis4 ,b pres5tly ,i notic$ t ^! rays proce$$ 7unlike ^? ( ! aurora7 f a bright c5t]1 :i* _h be5 hidd5 by cl\ds :5 my obs]vations began4 ,i us$ at t "t to keep a f\r-in* telescope1 m\nt$ on a ?ree-legg$ /&1 9 my b$room4 ,?is ,i _h quickly ready = action 7not+ t ! object1 ow+ to ! approa* ( sunrise1 0 gett+ fa9t] e m9ute71 & turn+ x on ! comet1 ,i drew a picture ( ! nucleus & coma1 s closely resembl+ t :i* appe>$ a week or two lat] 9 ! ,illu/rat$ ,london ,news1 t ,i might h suppos$ my picture _h be5 surreptiti\sly s5t to ! (fice ( ! ,illu/rat$1 _h ,i n f\nd x re/+ j :]e ,i _h put x 9 my sci5tific portfolio40 ,return+ to ! discussion ( ,halley's comet1 x 0 se5 on ,may #ba1 at #d4cj ,a4,m41 by ,pr(essor ,ev]%$1 7!n director ( ! ,kodaikanal ,obs]vatory1 ,s\!rn ,india71 appe>+ no broad] ?an on ,may #ah1 b fa9t]4 ,he describ$ x z pass+ c5trally ?r\gh ! squ>e ( ,pegasus1 :i* 0 ne>ly fill$ ) ! fa9t light4 ,! tail c\ld be trac$1 z be=e1 "r up to ! ,milky ,way4 ,! /> ,pegasi 0 ne>ly 9 ! c5t] ( ! b& ( light1 & ! /> ,aquil ne> its s\!rn edge4 ,?is 0 ! la/ obs]vation ,pr(essor ,ev]%$ made be=e dawn4 ,he consid]$ x rem>kable t ! tail ( ! comet %\ld h rema9$ visible 9 ! morn+ sky z a n>r[ b& ( light1 ne>ly two days aft] ! head ( ! comet _h pass$ to ! o!r side ( ! sun4 ,he sugge/$ t ?is might be due to ! fact t ! tail may h be5 /rongly curv$ & v broad 9 ! direction ( ! comet's motion1 al?\gh n>r[ & /raight 9 ! direction at "r angles !reto4 ,if s1 ! passage ( ! e>? ?r\gh ! tail1 if x occurr$ at all1 mu/ h be5 delay$ "o or two days & probably occupi$ m "t ?an a s+le day4 ,!re is "s d\bt :e!r ! tail did actually t\* ! e>?1 = obs]vations ( its position 9 ! sky on ,may #aa & #ae %[ t its axis 0 incl9$ v consid]ably nor?w>d f ! direction ( ! radius vector1 a /raight l9e drawn f ! nucleus ( ! comet to ! sun ( ! comet4 ,9 ! =5oon ( ,may #ai c]ta9 peculi>ities obs]v$ sugge/$ t our planet may h be5 actually imm]s$ 9 ! comet>y dbris ( ! tra9 ( ,halley's comet4 ,^! consi/$ ( a peculi> iridesc5ce & unnatural appe>ance ( ! cl\ds ne> ! sun1 & a b> ( prismatic colors on ! cl\ds 9 ! s\?4 ,?is1 comb9$ ) ! g5]al effect ( ! sky & cl\ds--= ! entire sky _h a mo/ unnatural & wild look--w\ld h attract$ m>k$ att5tion at any o!r "t ?an :5 "o 0 look+1 z on ?is occasion1 = some?+ out ( ! ord9>y4 ,accord+ to ! obs]vations made by ,pr(essor ,b>n>d at ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory1 ! sky _h be5 wat*$ c>efully dur+ ! =5oon ( ?is date1 b no?+ unusual _h appe>$ until close to noon1 :5 ! conditions became abnormal4 ,lat] on 9 ,june1 & = at lea/ a ye> aft]w>d1 sl[ly mov+ /rips & masses ( lum9\s haze 7 obs]v$ 9 ! sky1 :i* 7 n conf9$ to any "o "p4 ,reports ( l unusual ph5om5a 7 receiv$ f ! ,transvaal1 & f else:]e 9 s\!rn climes4 ,on ! ev5+ ( ,may #ba ! comet made its fir/ appe>ance 9 ! we/1 z se5 by wat*]s on ! ,times t[]1 b x fail$ to be v impressive4 ,x 0 to ! left & a few degrees nor? ( ! /> ,betelgeuse 9 ! con/ellation ( ,orion1 & x resembl$ a /> ( ! ?ird magnitude4 ,x 0 surr\nd$ by a hazy cl\d-l mi/ t made x appe> ne>ly z l>ge z ! space cov]$ by ! moon4 ,to ! left ( x1 & ext5d+ outw>d ab\t ?ree or f\r degrees1 7 ?ree or f\r fan-l /ream]s4 ,at #h4be ! nucleus seem$ bright] & m />-l 9 ! c5t]1 b ! /ream]s _h fad$ f view & ! mi/ surr\nd+ ! nucleus _h become hazy & ill-def9$4 ,five m9utes lat] only ! />-l nucleus c\ld be se51 d\btless ow+ to ! comb9ation ( ! gl>e ( moonlight & ! haze t reflect$ ! city lights bel[4 ,on ,may #bd ! comet appe>$ hov]+ = a brief int]val ov] ! we/]n horizon1 resembl+ a fa9t /> envelop$ 9 mi/1 & adorn$ ) a %ort fan-l tail4 ,on ,may #be ! comet c\ld n be se51 ow+ to ! mi/ & a drizzl+ ra91 b on ,may #bf x 0 visible on two occasions = int]vals ( ab\t five m9utes4 ,x !n resembl$ a fairly bright /> ( ! ?ird magnitude1 surr\nd$ by a mi/y halo1 b 0 devoid ( a tail4 ,x seem$ t our *ances ( see+ ! comet aga9 "u favorable conditions 7 slight1 b on ! ev5+ ( ,may #bg we 7 once m regal$ ) a f9e view1 :i* prov$ to be f9al z f> z ! writ] 0 conc]n$4 ,at a few m9utes pa/ eight ! nucleus ( ! comet appe>$1 z usual1 hazy & ill-def9$1 b gradually x bright5$ until x equal$ ! gl[ ( ! fir/-magnitude /> ,regulus1 9 ! con/ellation ( ,leo ne> by4 ,only a few degrees ( tail 7 visible at fir/1 b z ! twilight deep5$ into night m & m came into view4 ,by #h4dj ,p4,m4 x /ret*$ outw>d ab\t tw5ty degrees 9 ! direction ( ! planet ,jupit]4 ,! tra9 0 long & sl5d]1 & n m ?an five degrees at its greate/ wid?4 ,by #i o'clock x 0 cle>ly visible1 a d>k /reak app>5tly divid+ x j beyond ! nucleus2 ! edges 7 m or less %>ply def9$ = a di/ance ( ab\t ?ree or f\r degrees4 ,by #aj4cj ! tra9 ( ! comet _h almo/ fad$ f view2 at #aj4dj x _h become invisible & ! nucleus 0 b>ely p]ceptible4 ,)9 ?ree m9utes ! nucleus 0 almo/ lo/ to sight 9 ! haze & mi/ ne> ! horizon4 ,mean:ile1 ! moon _h ris5 9 ! ea/]n sky1 & by elev5 o'clock x 0 sev]al degrees above ! horizon4 ,its arrival on ! sc5e 0 ! climax ( an ev5+ ri* 9 glory1 z f> z ! cele/ial display 0 conc]n$4 ,! view ( ! comet on ?is occasion 0 ! be/ t _h be5 obta9$ s9ce ,may #bj1 & settl$ beyond d\bt ! vex$ "q t _h aris5 z to :e!r ! comet _h lo/ its tail or _h divid$ 9 two4 ,nev]!less1 a glance at a photograph tak5 by ,pr(essor ,b>n>d on ,june #f1 %[s an app>5tly small] comet ne/l+ to ! left ( ! l>g]1 keep+ x company1 z x 71 9 its cele/ial voyage outw>d f ! neighborhood ( ! sun4 ,by ?is "t ! comet _h fad$ sadly1 z ,pr(essor ,b>n>d express$ x1 &1 ?\gh a noticeable object1 0 only ! gho/ ( its =m] self4 ,illu/ration3 ,,halley',s ,,comet ,f photograph tak5 by ,pr(essor ,e4 ,e4 ,b>n>d1 ,june #f1 #aiaj1 at ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory1 ,williams ,bay1 ,wiscons9 ,:]e is x n[ 9 its outw>d j\rney1 at ! pres5t "t ( writ+ 7#aibe78 ,sci5ce c answ] ! "q z def9itely z ?\gh x 7 actually possess$ ( magic glasses1 enabl+ x to foll[ ! pa? ( ! retreat+ comet1 al?\gh x has long s9ce pass$ beyond our range ( view4 ,x is n[ approa*+ ! orbit ( ! planet ,neptune1 cross+ x 9 #aicc1 & rea*es its greate/ di/ance outw>d f ! sun 9 #aidc1 or #c1bjj million miles4 ,9 #aifd x draws ne> to ,neptune aga91 & w be halfway betwe5 ,neptune & ,uranus 9 #aigd1 arriv+ at ! orbit ( ,saturn 9 #aihd4 ,once m x w gladd5 ! eyes ( mortals z x approa*es ! planet ,jupit]1 & draws ne> to pay its respects to its mighty rul]1 ! sun4 ,at its return 9 #ageh ! pr$iction err$ on ! side ( ?irty-two days2 at ! return 9 #ahce1 by a m>g9 ( only two days2 & 9 #aiaj1 by ! am\nt ( two & "o-half days4 ,p]*ance1 ere x makes its next appe>ance 9 #aihe1aj ! pres5ce ( ano!r planet beyond ,neptune may h be5 detect$1 expla9+ ! di/urb+ factor result+ 9 t small discrepancy4 ,! a/ronom]s at t remote date 7#aihd7 may succe$1 !re=e1 9 mak+ a pr$iction s exact t ! comet may 8swim into _! k50 promptly to s*$ul$ "t4 ,few1 if any1 ( ! pres5t-"t read]s ( ?is book 7unless x falls into ! h&s ( a v y\?ful en?usia/7 w be "h to welcome ! comet at its next return1 & ev5 ! y\?ful en?usia/ may h ! di/ress+ exp]i5ce ( ! ,am]ican a/ronom] ,dr4 ,lewis ,swift1 :o saw ,halley's comet 9 #ahce1 & 0 able to welcome x at its return 9 #aiaj1 b1 ow+ to fail+ eyesight1 0 unable to see x1 mu* to 8 regret4 ,illu/ration3 ,! orbit ( ,halley's ,comet1 :i* x passes ov] 9 #ge to #gg ye>s1 %[+ :]e ! comet is to be f\nd n[1 & dur+ its c\rse until its next return 9 #aihe4 ,) reg>d to my fir/ visit to ! ,y]kes ,obs]vatory1 ! foll[+ facts reg>d+ ! great refractor may be ( int]e/1 z well z ! incid5t n>rat$ to me by ,miss ,calv]t :ile we 7 await+ ,pr(essor ,b>n>d's invitation to look = ,halley's comet1 on t mom5t\s occasion4 ,! /ory 0 def]r$1 9 my acc\nt1 to ! f9al "p ( ?is *apt]1 s z n to break ! ?read ( ! actual acc\nt ( my fir/ view ( ! comet4 ,foll[+ ! description ( ! telescope1 ! /ory ( a cata/rophe :i* ne>ly end$ its c>e] is be/ told 9 ,pr(essor ,b>n>d's own words1 z quot$ f ! aft]-d9n] spee*1 9 ,janu>y1 #aijg1 at ,na%ville1 already ref]r$ to 9 ?is book4 8,! tube ( ?is in/rum5t is ab\t sixty-f\r feet long4 ,9 ! f>!r end ( ?is tube is plac$ ! great object glass1 =ty in*es cle> 9 ap]ture4 ,:5 "o is look+ ov]head ) ?is giant telescope1 he mu/ be at a po9t "s ?irty feet or m l[] ?an :5 ! tube is po9t$ t[>d ! horizon4 ,to avoid ! use ( a high ladd] to rea* ! obs]v+ end ( ! telescope 9 its v>i\s positions1 ! floor ( ! dome itself is made into a giant elevator1 sixty-five feet 9 diamet]4 ,! ris+ & l[]+ ( ?is floor--:i* is done by electric motors--always keeps ! obs]v] 9 a conv5i5t & safe position ) ref]5ce to ! eye-end4 ,?is floor is susp5d$ by heavy /eel cables :i* g ov] :eels at ! tops ( f\r t[]s atta*$ to ! inside walls ( ! dome4 ,! floor is c\nt]pois$ by heavy iron weights at ! o!r ends ( ! cables4 8,)9 a little ov] a week aft] ! completion ( ! in/rum5t & :5 we _h se5 ?r\gh x only once or twice1 ! two s\? cables pull$ out ( _! sockets & ! floor fell ?r\gh fifty feet to ! gr\nd & 0 de/roy$4 ,x 0 a t]rible wreck4 ,?is 0 on ! morn+ ( ,may #bi1 #ahig1 at #f4cj o'clock4 ,mr4 ,ell]man & ,i _h be5 work+ all night obs]v+ ) ! telescope4 ,:5 we quit at daylight we left ! floor at its highe/ po9t = ! conv5i5ce ( "s workm5 :o 7 to be at "w on ! tube 9 ! morn+4 ,:5 ! floor fell !re 0 n a s\l 9 ! build+1 & no "o 0 injur$4 ,a c\ple ( h\rs ei!r way1 & dea? 9 all probability w\ld h come to "o or ! o!r ( u4 ,only a few nights be=e ?is accid5t ! presid5t ( ! ,univ]sity ( ,*icago & ?irty or m tru/ees & prom95t m5 ( ! univ]sity _h se5 ?r\gh ! telescope1 & ! floor _h be5 up & d[n ) !m on x4 ,if x _h fall5 !n a heavy loss ( life w\ld h be5 almo/ c]ta94 ,a few days be=e t1 ,mr4 ,cl>k1 :o made ! great glass1 _h unpack$ ! =ty-in* disks on ! floor at its highe/ po9t1 & _h put !m 9 ! cell :i* he f9ally bolt$ to ! end ( ! telescope4 ,if ! floor _h fall5 !n1 ! great l5s w\ld h be5 de/roy$1 ) ! probability t no "o w\ld be able to make ano!r1 = ,mr4 ,cl>k di$ )9 a few days aft] he return$ to ,cambridge4 ,x 0 provid5tial1 !n1 t ! floor fell :5 x did2 = ! fault 9 ! atta*m5t ( ! cables made x c]ta9 t x mu/ soon h fall54 8,b ?is is n ! end ( ! /ory4 ,:5 ! floor fell1 x lur*$ aga9/ ! great iron pi] ( ! telescope & mu/ h giv5 x a viol5t bl[4 ,!re 0 "s fe> t ! great glass might h be5 injur$ by ! %ock4 ,x 0 ne>ly a hundr$ feet up 9 ! air & c\ld n be rea*$ to see if x 0 unh>m$4 ,by climb+ up on ! dome 7:i* is "o hundr$ & t5 feet high7 & look+ d[n at ! glass1 x 0 se5 to be app>5tly un9jur$4 ,/ill1 ! te/ c\ld only be made by exam9+ ! />s ?r\gh x1 :i* 0 n possible until ! floor 0 replac$ by a new "o4 ,f\r mon?s 7 occupi$ 9 tak+ out ! wreck & putt+ 9 ! new floor4 8,!re 0 great anxiety to see ! sky ?r\gh ! glass1 & ! fir/ night available x 0 turn$ to ! />s4 ,to our con/]nation1 !re 0 a great1 long fl>e ( light runn+ ?r\gh e bright /> we exam9$4 ,?is 0 s /rong & conspicu\s t x w\ld make ! in/rum5t utt]ly useless4 ,x look$ z if ! l5s _h be5 injur$ by ! %ock ( ! floor aga9/ ! pi]4 ,we exam9$ x 9 all positions ( ! in/rum5t1 b we c\ld n get rid ( ! gl>+ defect4 ,z ,i _h us$ ! glass m ?an anyone else be=e ! accid5t1 my /atem5t t ! defect did n !n exi/ made ! matt] all ! m s]i\s4 ,x 0 ) heavy he>ts t we wait$ = day to aga9 critically exam9e ! l5s4 ,! next day we all exam9$ ! great glass v c>efully1 b c\ld see no?+ wrong ) x4 ,!n ,pr(essor ,hale notic$ t j back ( ! glass 9 ! tube 0 a ?ick mass ( spid] webs /ret*$ across ! tube1 all runn+ 9 ! same direction4 ,^u comp>+ notes we f\nd t ! direction ( ! spid] webs co9cid$ ) t ( ! fl>e ( light se5 ! night be=e4 ,x seem$ t a spid] _h evid5tly got 9 ! tube be=e ! object glass 0 put on by ,cl>k1 & _h be5 unable to get out2 = !re 0 no op5+ 9 ! tube4 ,dur+ ! "t ! tube rema9$ at re/1 :ile ! new floor 0 be+ put 91 he _h climb$ up to ! great glass 9 ! direction ( ! light2 & :5 he f\nd 8 egress b>r$ by ! great w9d[1 he spun 8 web1 p]haps z a signal ( di/ress1 or maybe 9 ! hope t "s unlucky fly might get 9 ?r\gh ! glass t he c\ld n get out (--anyway1 ) ! result t he caus$ sev]al a/ronom]s ! mo/ uneasy "t ( _! lives4 ,:5 ^! webs 7 swept out by "o ( ! a/ronom]s climb+ up 9 ! tube ) a fea!r du/]1 x 0 f\nd t night1 :5 ! />s 7 exam9$1 t ! fl>e _h vani%$ & ! mighty glass 0 un9jur$40 ,,*apt] ,,sev5 ,,orig9 ,,( ,,comets ,,& ,,meteors 7,,!ories ,,advanc$ ,,by ,,! ,,late ,,ri*>d ,a4 ,,proctor47 ,among ! au?or's mo/ treasur$ possessions is a clipp+ f ! ,c9c9nati ,daily ,gazette = ,febru>y #ah1 #ahgd1 conta9+ a report ( a lecture giv5 by h] fa!r1 on 8,comets & ,meteors10 f :i* ! foll[+ is an extract3 8,9 ?is lecture on comets & meteors1 ,i promis$ to give "s acc\nt ( :at is expell$ f ! sun :5 great explosions take place4 ,if ,i 7 to say t ! comets 7 %ot out f ! sun y might be />tl$1 or if ,i ass]t$ t !y 7 also ?r[n out ( ,jupit] & ,saturn4 ,b ! evid5ce 9 connection !re) is v curi\s4 ,9 ! fir/ place1 we "k t matt] is %ot out f ! sun1 ) a velocity s great z to be c>ri$ away f him altoge!r & s w\ld travel into space4 ,t has only be5 obs]v$ a few times1 b ! occurr5ce is probably v frequ5t4 ,! matt] :i* 0 expell$1 if x /ruck ! e>? at all1 w\ld /rike 9 ! daytime4 ,! side ( ! e>? fac+ ! sun w be ! illum9at$ side4 ,! meteoric matt] com+ f ! sun c only /rike ! illum9at$ "p1 & ?is c only happ5 9 ! daytime4 ,y ?r[ a /one at any object1 & x mu/ /rike ! side ( ! object y aim at1 t is turn$ t[>d y4 ,humboldt affirm$ t ! l>ge/ numb] ( meteoric masses _h fall5 9 ! daytime4 ,! l>g] arolites h be5 exam9$ & _! microscopic /ructure /udi$4 ,sorby ( ,%effield1 :o exam9$ "s ( !m1 says !y consi/ ( a numb] ( small globules & 7 orig9ally 9 a vapor\s /ate be=e assum+ _! pres5t condition4 ,!n came a *emical analysis by ,pr(essor ,graham & ,*&l] ,rob]ts ( ,london4 ,!y f\nd 9 ! iron ( ! meteoric mass m hydrog5 ?an iron 9 a natural condition4 ,pr(essor ,graham said t 9 8 op9ion meteors c]ta9ly conta9$ iron1 & t probably !y _h be5 expell$ f "o ( ! />s t p space4 ,he drew att5tion to ! fact t />s conta9$ hydrog5 9 _! atmosph]e4 ,^! are "s ( ! facts conc]n$ ) ! l>g] meteoric masses4 8,h[ %all we acc\nt = ^? meteoric /reams :i* travel close to ! pa? ( ,jupit]8 ,all comets ( %ort p]iod h pa?s closely approa*+ "s ( ! l>ge planets4 ,! comet ( #afhj w5t close to ,jupit]1 long be=e ! explosive p[] ( ! sun 0 notic$4 ,i call !m ,jupit]'s family ( comets4 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el said t x 0 v curi\s t !y _h t relation4 ,if we put =w>d ! !ory t ,jupit] expell$ ^! comets1 we h a v />tl+ !ory1 b _m ( ! !ories :i* h be5 prop\nd$1 "s ( ! mo/ important "* & :i* h be5 prov$ to be true1 h be5 ! mo/ />tl+4 ,x is said t z ,jupit]1 ,saturn1 & ,uranus g along _! pa?s1 !y draw 9 ! comets :i* travel close to !m1 & capture !m4 8,i made a calculation ab\t ! ,novemb] meteors to see h[ close !y mu/ g to ! pa? ( ,uranus 9 ord] to be captur$1 & f\nd t !y mu/ approa* ne>ly z close z ! ne>e/ satellite4 ,only ^? :i* came almo/ 9 contact ) ! planet c\ld be captur$4 ,n[1 if !y 7 %ot out :5 ,uranus 0 9 a sun-l condition1 !n x w\ld be expla9$1 :]eas we f9d great difficulty 9 imag9+ t a comet com+ out ( space w\ld be captur$ bodily by a planet l ,uranus4 ,let u consid] ! matt] ?us3 if comets are expell$ f a planet1 !y w be c>ri$ along ) ! =w>d motion4 ,if x c\ld appe> t "s ( !m w5t backw>d1 !n we w\ld h no evid5ce ( ! !ory ,i h be5 advanc+4 ,if mo/ ( !m travel =w>d1 !n we w\ld h "s evid5ce = ! !ory4 ,n[ !re is ! curi\s fact t among ! comets ( %ort p]iod ! :ole ( ,jupit]'s family travel =w>d4 ,!y d n travel 9 all directions ( slope2 all h a v mod]ate slope to ! pa?s ( ! planets4 ,!y d n h ! slope ev5 ( ! a/]oids4 ,t is precisely :at we notice--t !y travel v mu* ) ,jupit]4 ,tak+ ! balance betwe5 ! two !ories--t ( expulsion & t ( capture--x seems to be 9 favor ( ! m />tl+ "o--t ,jupit] has _h ! p[] to expel ^! objects40 ,x is int]e/+1 9 connection ) ?is extract f ! report ( a lecture giv5 by my fa!r "s fifty ye>s ago at pres5t "t ( writ+ 7#aibe71 to turn to a passage 9 ! *apt] on comets1 by ,dr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,d4 ,crommel91 9 ! ,spl5d\r ( ! ,heav5s1 page #dad1 :]e he ref]s z foll[s to ! capture !ory3 8,! fact t ! memb]s ( ! ,jupit] family 7( comets7 h direct motion 9 all cases appe>s to give a fatal bl[ to ! capture !ory4 ,practically z _m comets w\ld approa* ! planet ) retrograde motion z ) direct2 !re is1 inde$1 ! po9t t ^? travell+ 9 ! same direction z ! planet w\ld rema9 long] 9 its neighb\rhood1 & s h m "t to be p]turb$1 :i* w\ld h "s weight2 b t out ( "s fifty comets !re is n a s+le retrograde "o is too rem>kable a fact to pass ov]1 & x cle>ly sugge/s t ,jupit] play$ a diff]5t "p f t ( a m]e enslav]1 & 0 conc]n$ ) ! orig9 ( ^! bodies 9 a m intimate mann]4 8,_m ( ! consid]ations ,i h br\ght =w>d 7 /at$ by ,mr4 ,r4 ,a4 ,proctor "s fifty ye>s ago2 !y h !re=e be5 accessible to a/ronom]s1 :o nev]!less h be51 z a rule1 q unaffect$ by !m1 s t x is "t to /ate !m afre%4 ,! consid]ation t ! life ( a %ort-p]iod comet is limit$ by ! rapid wa/age to :i* x is subject by ! jo9t action ( ! sun & ,jupit] 0 n1 ,i ?9k1 s fully realis$1 :5 ,proctor wrote z x is n[4 ,x s]ves fur!r to invalidate ! capture !ory1 s9ce x prev5ts our assign+ to ^! bodies su* ext5d$ lives z t !ory dem&s40 ,accord+ to my fa!r's !ory1 ! giant planets are !mselves ! p>5ts ( _! comet-families1 & he pictur$ _! bir? z hav+ occurr$ 9 a remote pa/1 :5 ! planets 7 m sun-l ?an !y are to-day4 ,we h a great am\nt ( evid5ce z to ! en]gy ( ! processes t are at "w on ,jupit]1 z evid5c$1 = in/ance1 by ! great ,r$ ,spot 7?\gh "s h h9t$ at ! possibility ( its be+ an e>ly /age 9 ! =mation ( a new satellite72 ,saturn1 ,uranus1 & ,neptune also indicate va/ upheavals1 ?\gh di/ance 9 _! case h9d]s obs]vation1 & ev5 on our own planet we h "s /rik+ in/ances ( ! p[] ( volcanic en]gy1 z at ! eruption ( ,krakatoa 9 #ahhc4 ,s\nds ( ! explosion 7 he>d ?ree ?\s& miles away1 & a huge volume ( du/ 0 bl[n to ! highe/ regions ( ! atmosph]e1 b we are entitl$ to expect mu* va/] convulsions 9 ,jupit]1 :i* outweighs ! e>? ?ree hundr$ times & is 9 a mu* hott] /ate1 judg+ by ! deep envelope ( vap\rs surr\nd+ x1 & ! rapid *anges t are con/antly tak+ place 9 its appe>ance1 on an enorm\s scale1 z %[n by ! f9e s]ies ( photographs :i* h be5 obta9$ ( ! planet ) ! giant telescopes4 ,writ+ 9 8 magaz9e1 ,k1 = ,janu>y #a1 #ahhg1 page #fd1 my fa!r /ates3 8,! !ory ( ejection 0 adopt$ z ! only !ory by :i* ! *emical1 physical1 & microscopic /ructure ( meteorites ( all ord]s--f bolosid]ites to asid]ites--c be acc\nt$ =4 ,!y 7 c]ta9ly once expos$ to su* conditions z exi/ only 9 ! int]ior ( l>ge orbs--suns or planets4 ,& z c]ta9ly !y h someh[ come =? f su* int]iors4 ,! expulsive =ce %[n by obs]vation to reside 9 ! only sun-l body we c exam9e1 indicates ! only way 9 :i* su* expulsion c conceivably h be5 effect$4 ,h5ce1 ,i inf] 7= my own "p ,i feel assur$ ( ! weight ( evid5ce7 t all ord]s ( meteorites 7 expell$ f "s orbs at "s "t :5 su* orbs 7 9 ! sun-l /age4 ,g5]aliz+1 ,i include 9 ?is !ory all ord]s ( meteors1 & f9d all _! mo/ *>act]i/ic peculi>ities expla9$1 & all ord]s ( meteor sy/ems or comets1 f9d+ _! sev]al ord]s ?us & ?us only explicable 7if we include all suns n[ & 9 ! pa/1 all planets 9 all sol> sy/ems1 9 _! pa/ sun-l /ate1 among ! s\rces ( meteors & comets74 ,no o!r g5]al !ory seems to me possible40 ,aga91 9 an article 9 ,k = ,april1 #ahhg1 page #ace1 my fa!r makes ! foll[+ /atem5t reg>d+ 8 !ory conc]n+ comets & meteors3 8,all comets & meteors are sun-born4 ,b x is n to our own sun1 nor to ^? o!r suns1 ! />s1 t ,i attribute all comets & meteor sy/ems4 ,_m millions h come d\btless f our sun dur+ ! _m millions ( ye>s he has be5 a sun1 ?\gh few ( 8 cometic *ildr5 are kn[n to t]re/rial a/ronom]s4 ,millions ( millions h come f ! _m millions ( suns 9 our galaxy dur+ ! _m millions ( ye>s ( _! sun-l exi/5ce4 ,b ! giant planets 7 once suns1#aa & 9 _! sun-l /ate1 :i* mu/ h la/$ millions ( ye>s1 !y mu/ h eject$ _! small] comets & meteor sy/ems :i* ev5 n[1 aft] millions ( ye>s1 h pa?s pass+ ne> ! orbits ( _! p>5t orbs4 ,our e>? & h] fell[ t]re/rial planets _h _! sun-l /age ( life1 too1 & x mu/ h be5 :ile ! e>? 0 a sun t ! meteors expla9$ specially by ,ts*]mak's !ory 7 expell$40 ,accord+ to 8 !ory1 ,ts*]mak1 not+ ! resemblance ( /ructure betwe5 meteorites & volcanic products1 sugge/s t meteors ( all ord]s 7:i* w\ld include meteor /reams1 & !re=e comets7 7 %ot out f ! e>? 9 ! days :5 %e 0 "y4 ,b ?\gh ?is is bett] ?an ! o!r !ories1 9 at lea/ sugge/+ "s sort ( an orig9 = comets & meteors1 x w n acc\nt = comets :i* d n approa* )9 _m millions ( miles ( ! e>?'s orbit1#ab & a !ory :i* fails = "s among ! comets _c be ! true g5]al !ory = meteors ei!r4 ,mr4 ,sorby ( ,%effield1 ! em95t m9]alogi/ already ref]r$ to1 d$uc$ f ! microscopic /ructure ( c]ta9 meteorites ! />tl+ !ory t !y _h once be5 inside ! sun2 = !re is evid5ce t _! sub/ance once exi/$ 9 ! =m ( globules ( molt5 metal1 :i* aggregat$ ) l>ge masses1 :i* 9 turn 7 expos$ to viol5t friction1 indicat+ conflict+ motions ( v high velocities4 8,:]e else10 wrote ,sorby1 9 #ahfd1 8c\ld su* conditions exi/1 except fir/ 9 ! int]ior1 & aft]w>ds 9 ! imm$iate neighborhood ( our sun60 ,b x is absolutely c]ta9 t ! !ory z ?us sugge/$ _c possibly be true1 ei!r z a g5]al explanation ( comets & meteors1 or ev5 z an explanation ( any kn[n meteor sy/em or comet1 unless1 p]haps1 a few ( ! comets ^: orbits pass v ne> ! sun 7 sun-born1 & subsequ5tly di/urb$ by planet>y attractions s z n to return to _! p>5t orb4 ,accord+ to my fa!r's views on ! subject3 8,a flight ( meteors %ot out f ! sun1 z ,sorby sugge/$1 might h velocity en\gh to get away f him =ev]1 9 :i* case we %\ld nev] see a trace ( x aga91 ev5 ?\gh we wait$ = millions ( ye>s4 ,if1 h[ev]1 x c\ld n get away1 !n x mu/ return to its />t+-place--t is1 back to ! sun's globe--unless1 pass+ ne> en\gh to "o ( ! giant planets1 x 7 s f> di/urb$ z only to return by graz+ pa/ ! sun's surface4 7,! comets ( #ahdc1 #ahhj1 & #ahhb1 :i* all travel$ 9 pa?s ne> ! sun1 almo/ graz+ 8 surface1 may well h be5 p>ts ( a s+le meteor-flight %ot out f 8 int]ior millions ( ye>s ago470 ,aft] ! appe>ance ( ! new comet ( #ahhg 9 ! s\!rn skies1 x 0 f\nd to be foll[+ along ! same track z ! comets ( #ahdc1 #ahhj1 & #ahhb1 ?us confirm+ my fa!r's !ory t ^! comets 7 p>ts ( "o l>ge comet1 dissipat$1 d\btless1 "s millions ( ye>s ago4 ,^! comets 7 s bright :5 ne> ! sun t !y c\ld be se5 at noon ) ! nak$ eye4 ,z reg>ds ! heat exp]i5c$ by ! comet ( #ahdc :5 ne> ! sun1 ,sir ,john ,h]s*el rem>k$3 8,imag9e a gl>e #be1jjj times fi]c] ?an t ( an equatorial sun%9e at noonday4 ,9 su* a heat !re is no solid sub/ance we "k ( :i* w\ld n run l wat]--boil--& be conv]t$ into smoke or vapor40 ,illu/ration3 ,f ,k ,,! ,,s\!rn ,,comet ,,( ,,janu>y1 #ahhg ,9 ,k = ,novemb] #a1 #ahhg1 an acc\nt is giv5 ( ! rem>kable s\!rn comet fir/ obs]v$ 9 ,janu>y ( t ye>1 & z x is ! la/ article on ?is topic writt5 by my fa!r = 8 magaz9e1 giv+ a m or less detail$ acc\nt ( 8 views on ! subject1 ! au?or ( ?is book has deem$ x advisable to quote x 9 full4 ,x is ( special int]e/1 n only on acc\nt ( its giv+ 8 !ories on ! subject1 b = ! reason t x helps to supply "p ( ! miss+ *apt] on 8,comets & ,meteors10 :i* he _h plann$ = 8 f9al b un=tunately unf9i%$ "w1 ,old & ,new ,a/ronomy4 ,?is "w _h be5 9 c\rse ( prep>ation = ?irty ye>s1 & t ! mat]ial = su* a *apt] 0 p>tially compil$ ! writ] kn[s f ! fact t %e has a ke5 recollection ( clipp+s1 ,,mss41 & notes :i* %e saw app>5tly await+ classification & arrangem5t1 a %ort :ile be=e h] fa!r's dep>ture f ,florida1 ,septemb] #h1 #ahhh4 ,:at became ( !m aft] 8 sudd5 dea? 9 ,new ,york a few days lat]1 x is impossible to conjecture1 unless ,a4 ,c4 ,rany>d1 :o complet$ ! book1 f\nd ! *apt] on comets too difficult to arrange satisfactorily4 ,yet ev5 ! fragm5ts s ardu\sly arrang$ & collect$ by my fa!r w\ld h be5 bett] ?an a miss+ *apt] on a subject 9 :i* he 0 s deeply int]e/$ & to :i* he _h devot$ s mu* att5tion4 ,to return to my fa!r's acc\nt ( ! comet ( ,janu>y1 #ahhg3 8,! comet 0 fir/ se5 by a f>m] & a fi%]man ( ,blauwb]g1 ne> ,cape ,t[n1 on ! night ( ,janu>y #ah-ai4 ,! same night x 0 se5 at ! ,cordoba ,univ]sity by ,m4 ,?om4 ,on ! next night ,mr4 ,todd discov]$ x indep5d5tly at ! ,adelaide ,obs]vatory1 & wat*$ x till ! #bg?4 ,on ! #bb;d ,mr4 ,f9lay detect$ ! comet & 0 able to wat* x till ! #bi?4 ,at ,rio de ,janeiro1 ,mr4 ,cruls obs]v$ x f ! #bc;d to ! #be?1 & at ,w9dsor1 ,new ,s\? ,wales1 ,mr4 ,tebbutt obs]v$ ! comet on ! #bh? & #cj?4 ,moonlight int]f]$ ) fur!r obs]vations4 8,! comet's appe>ance 0 rem>kable4 ,its tail1 long & /raight1 ext5d$ ov] an arc ( ?irty degrees1 b !re 0 no appreciable cond5sation :i* c\ld be call$ ! comet's head4 ,! long tra9 ( light1 describ$ z ne>ly equal 9 brightness to ! ,magellanic cl\ds1 seem$ to be simply cut (f at t end :]e 9 mo/ comets a nucleus & coma are %[n4 8,?is comet has help$ to ?r[ light on "o ( ! mo/ p]plex+ ( all ! puzzles :i* ^? mo/ p]plex+ ( all ! heav5ly bodies1 comets1 h pres5t$ to a/ronom]s4 ,9 ! ye> #affh1 a comet 0 se5 9 ! s\!rn skies :i* attract$ v little notice at ! "t1 & w\ld probably h be5 little ?\ght ( s9ce _h n att5tion be5 direct$ to x by ! appe>ance & behavior ( c]ta9 comets se5 dur+ ! la/ half-c5tury4 ,visible = ab\t ?ree weeks1 & discov]$ aft] x _h already pass$ ! po9t ( its ne>e/ approa* to ! sun1 ! comet ( #affh 0 n obs]v$ s satisfactorily t its orbit c\ld be precisely det]m9$4 ,9 fact1 two entirely diff]5t orbits w\ld satisfy ! obs]vations fairly1 ?\gh only "o c\ld be reg>d$ z satisfy+ !m well4 8,?is orbit1 h[ev]1 0 s rem>kable t a/ronom]s 7 l$ to pref] ! o!r1 less satisfactory ?\gh x 01 9 expla9+ ! obs]v$ motions ( ! comet4 ,= ! orbit :i* be/ expla9$ ! comet's movem5ts c>ri$ ! comet s close to ! sun z actually to graze 8 visible surface4 ,moreov]1 !re 0 ?is rem>kable &1 inde$1 absolutely unique peculi>ity ab\t ! orbit ?us assign$3 ! comet 7^: p]iod ( revolution 0 to be measur$ by hundr$s ( ye>s7 actually pass$ ?r\gh ! :ole ( t "p ( its c\rse dur+ :i* x 0 nor? ( our e>?'s orbit plane 9 less ?an two h\rs & a half6 ?\gh ?is "p ( its c\rse is a half-circuit ar\nd ! sun1 s f> z direction 7n di/ance ( travel7 is conc]n$4 ,t comet1 :5 at its ne>e/ to ! sun1 0 travel+ at ! rate ( ab\t #ccj miles p] second4 ,x pass$ ?r\gh regions ne> ! sun's surface commonly suppos$ to be occupi$ by atmosph]ic matt]4 8,n[1 _h ! comet be5 s f> *eck$ 9 its swift ru% ?r\gh ^? regions z to lose "o-?\s&? "p ( its velocity1 x w\ld h return$ 9 less ?an a ye>4 ,b ! way 9 :i* ! comet retreat$ %[$ t no?+ ( ?is sort 0 to be expect$4 ,i am n aw>e1 inde$1 t any anticipations 7 ev] sugge/$ 9 reg>d to ! return ( ! comet ( #affh to our neighborhood4 ,x 0 n till ! "t ( ,halley's comet1 #afhb1 t mod]n a/ronomy began to consid] ! "q ( ! possibly p]iodic "* ( cometic motions ) att5tion4 7,= my own "p1 ,i reject z altoge!r improbable ! /atem5t ( ,s5eca t ! anci5t ,*aldean a/ronom]s c\ld calculate ! return ( comets4 ,! comet ( #afhj1 call$ ,newton's1 0 ! v fir/ ^: orbital motions 7 dealt ) on ! pr9ciples ( ,newtonian a/ronomy1 & ,halley's 0 ! fir/ ^: p]iodic "* 0 recogniz$47 8,9 #ahdc1 ano!r comet came up f ! s\?1 & pres5tly return$ ?i!r4 ,x 01 inde$1 only se5 dur+ its return1 hav+1 l ! comet ( #affh1 be5 discov]$ only a day or two aft] p]ihelion passage4 ,a/ronom]s soon began to notice a curi\s resemblance betwe5 ! orbits ( ! two comets4 ,rememb]+ ! comp>ative r\ghness ( ! obs]vations made 9 #affh1 x may be said t ! two comets mov$ 9 ! same orbit1 s f> z c\ld be judg$ f obs]vation4 ,! comet ( #ahdc came along a pa? incl9$ at app>5tly ! same angle to ! e>?'s orbit plane1 cross$ t plane asc5d+ly at appreciably ! same po9t1 swept r\nd 9 ab\t two h\rs & a half t "p ( its angul> circuit :i* lay nor? ( ! e>?'s orbit plane1 &1 cross+ t plane desc5d+ly at ! same po9t z ! comet ( #affh1 pass$ along appreciably ! same c\rse t[>ds ! s\!rn /ell> regions6 ,! close resemblance ( two pa?s1 ea* s /rik+ly rem>kable 9 itself1 c\ld n well be reg>d$ z a m]e accid5tal co9cid5ce4 8,h[ev]1 at t "t no v special att5tion 0 direct$ to ! resemblance betwe5 ! pa?s ( ! comets ( #ahdc & #affh4 ,x 0 n reg>d$ z any?+ v new or /rik+ t a comet %\ld return aft] mak+ a wide excursion r\nd ! sun2 & ^? :o notic$ t ! two comets really _h trav]s$ appreciably ! same pa? ar\nd ! imm$iate neighborhood ( ! sun1 simply conclud$ t ! comet ( #affh _h come back 9 #ahdc1 aft] #age ye>s1 & n necess>ily = ! fir/ "t4 8,x mu/ be notic$1 h[ev]1 be=e leav+ ?is "p ( ! record1 t ! comet ( #ahdc 0 suspect$ ( behav+ 9 a r /range way :5 ne> ! sun4 ,= ! fir/ obs]vation1 made r r\ghly1 inde$1 ) a sextant1 by a man :o _h no idea ( ! int]e/ 8 obs]vations might aft]w>ds h1 c\ld n be reconcil$ by ma!maticians 7includ+ ! well-kn[n ma!matician1 ,b5jam9 ,pi]ce7 ) ! movem5t ( ! comet z subsequ5tly obs]v$4 ,x seem$ z ?\gh :5 9 ! sun's neighborhood ! comet _h und]gone "s di/urbance1 possibly int]nal1 :i* _h 9 slight degree affect$ its subsequ5t c>e]4 8,accord+ to "s calculations ! comet ( #ahdc seem$ to h a p]iod ( ab\t ?irty-five ye>s1 :i* accord$ well ) ! idea t x 0 ! comet ( #affh1 return$ aft] five circuits4 ,nor 0 x deem$ at all surpris+ t ! comet1 conspicu\s ?\gh x is1 _h n be5 detect$ 9 #agac1 #agdh1 #aghc1 & #ahah1 = its pa? w\ld c>ry x :]e x w\ld be v apt to escape notice except 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 & ev5 !re x might q readily be miss$4 ,! appe>ance ( ! comet ( #affh correspond$ well ) t ( ! comet ( #ahdc4 ,ea* 0 rem>kable = its long tail & = ! comp>ative insignificance ( its head4 ,9 ! nor!rn skies1 inde$1 ! comet ( #ahdc %[$ a v /raight tail1 & x is usually depict$ 9 t way1 :]eas ! comet ( #affh _h a tail %[+ curvature4 ,b pictures ( ! comet ( #ahdc1 z se5 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e1 %[ x ) a curv$ tail1 & also ! tail appe>$ =k$ t[>d ! end1 dur+ t "p ( ! comet's c>e]4 ,h[ev]1 ! be/ obs]vations1 & ! calculations bas$ on !m1 seem$ to %[ t ! p]iod ( ! comet ( #ahdc c\ld n be less ?an #ejj ye>s4 8,a/ronom]s 7 r />tl$1 !re=e1 :51 9 #ahhj1 a comet appe>$ 9 ! s\!rn skies :i* trav]s$ appreciably ! same c\rse z ! comets ( #affh & #ahdc4 ,:5 ,i 0 9 ,au/ralia 9 #ahhj1 a few mon?s aft] ! great comet _h pass$ out ( view1 ,i met sev]al p]sons :o _h se5 bo? ! comet ( t ye> & ! comet ( #ahdc4 ,!y all agre$ 9 say+ t ! resemblance betwe5 ! two comets 0 v close4 ,l ! comet ( #ahdc1 t ( #ahhj _h a s+ul>ly long tail1 & bo? comets 7 rem>kable = ! smallness & dimness ( _! heads4 ,"o obs]v] told me t at times ! head ( ! comet c\ld b>ely be disc]n$4 8,l ! comets ( #affh & #ahdc1 ! comet ( #ahhj graz$ close pa/ ! sun's surface4 ,l !m x 0 b ab\t two h\rs & a half nor? ( ! e>?'s orbit plane4 ,_h x only resembl$ ! o!r two 9 ^! rem>kable *>act]i/ics1 ! co9cid5ce w\ld h be5 rem>kable4 ,b ( c\rse ! real evid5ce by :i* ! association betwe5 ! comets 0 %[n 0 ( a m decisive k9d4 ,x 0 n 9 g5]al "* only1 b 9 details t ! pa? ( ! comet ( #ahhj resembl$ ^? on :i* ! o!r two comets _h travel$4 ,its pa? _h almo/ exactly ! same slant to ! e>?'s orbit plane z !irs1 cross$ t plane asc5d+ly & desc5d+ly at almo/ exactly ! same po9ts1 & made its ne>e/ approa* to ! sun at v ne>ly ! same place4 8,to ! a/ronom] su* evid5ce is decisive4 ,mr4 ,h9d1 ! sup]9t5d5t ( ! ,nautical ,almanac1 & z s\nd & cauti\s a /ud5t ( cometic a/ronomy z any man liv+1 rem>k$1 s soon z ! resemblance ( ^! comets' pa?s _h be5 asc]ta9$1 t if x 7 m]ely accid5tal ! case 0 mo/ unusual2 nay1 x might be describ$ z unique4 ,&1 be x notic$1 he 0 ref]r+ only to ! resemblance betwe5 ! comets ( #ahhj & #ahdc4 ,_h he recall$ at ! "t ! comet ( #affh1 & its closely simil> orbit1 he w\ld h admitt$ t ! d\ble co9cid5ce c\ld n possibly be m]ely casual4 8,b ?is 0 by no means ! end ( ! matt]4 ,inde$1 ?us f>1 al?\gh ! circum/ances 7 /rik+1 !re 0 no?+ to prev5t a/ronom]s f int]pret+ !m z o!r cases ( co9cid5t1 or ne>ly co9cid5t1 comet pa?s1 _h be5 int]pret$4 ,h9d & o!rs1 myself includ$1 inf]r$ t ! comets ( #ahhj1 #ahdc1 & #affh 7 simply "o & ! same comet1 ^: return 9 #ahhj probably foll[$ ! return 9 #ahdc aft] a s+le revolution4 8,9 #ahhb1 h[ev]1 two ye>s & a half aft] ! appe>ance ( ! comet ( #ahhj1 ano!r comet came up f ! s\?1 :i* foll[$ 9 ! sun's neighborhood almo/ ! same c\rse z ! comets ( #affh1 #ahdc1 & #ahhj4 ,! pa? x foll[$ 0 n q s close to ^? foll[$ by ! o!r ?ree z ^! _h be5 to ea* o!r1 b yet 0 f> too close to indicate possibly a m]e casual resemblance2 on ! contr>y1 ! resemblance 9 reg>d to %ape1 slope1 & ^? peculi>ities :i* r5d] ?is family ( comets unique 9 ! comet>y sy/em1 0 ( ! close/ & mo/ />tl+ k9d4 8,_m w rememb] ! />tl+ ideas :i* 7 sugge/$ by ,pr(essor ,piazzi ,smy? respect+ ! port5t\s significance ( ! comet ( #ahhb4 ,he reg>d$ x z confirm+ ! great pyramid's tea*+ 7accord+ to ! views ( or?odox pyramidali/s7 respect+ ! approa*+ end ( ! ,*ri/ian disp5sation4 ,x 0 se5 "u v rem>kable circum/ances1 blaz+ close by ! sun1 )9 a =tnight or ?ree weeks ( ! precise date :i* _h be5 ann\nc$ z m>k+ t critical epo* 9 ! hi/ory ( ! e>?4 8,moreov]1 ev5 view+ ! matt] f a sci5tific /&po9t1 ,pr(essor ,smy? 7:o1 outside 8 pyramidal p>adoxes1 is an a/ronom] ( well-des]v$ repute7 c\ld recognize suffici5t reason = reg>d+ ! comet z port5t\s4 ,_m o!rs1 inde$1 bo? 9 ,am]ica & 9 ,europe1 %>$ 8 op9ion 9 ?is respect4 ,a v slight ret>dation ( ! c\rse ( ! comet ( #ahhj1 dur+ its passage close to ! surface ( ! sun1 w\ld h suffic$ to alt] its p]iod ( revolution f ! ?irty-sev5 ye>s assign$ on ! supposition ( its id5tity ) ! comet ( #ahdc1 to ! two & a half ye>s indicat$ by its app>5t return 9 #ahhb1 & if ?is _h occurr$ 9 #ahhj1 a simil> int]ruption 9 #ahhb w\ld h caus$ its return 9 less ?an two & a half ye>s4 8,?us1 circl+ 9 an ev]-n>r[+ 7or r %ort5+7 orbit1 x w\ld pres5tly1 )9 a qu>t] ( a c5tury or s1 p]haps1 h become s f> entangl$ among ! atmosph]ic matt] ar\nd ! sun1 t x w\ld h be5 unable to resi/ absolute absorption4 ,:at ! consequ5ces to ! sol> sy/em might h be5 none v5tur$ to sugge/4 ,newton _h express$ 8 belief t ! effect ( su* absorption w\ld be disa/r\s1 b ! physici/s ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 bett] acqua9t$ ) ! laws associat+ heat & motion1 7 n s despond5t4 ,only ,pr(essor ,smy? seems to h felt assur$ 7n be+ despond5t b confid5t7 t ! comet port5d$1 9 a v decisive way1 ! beg9n+ ( ! end4 8,h[ev]1 we 7 all mi/ak54 ,! comet ( #ahhb retreat$ on su* a c\rse1 & ) su* v>iation ( velocity z to %[ t its real p]iod mu/ be measur$ n by mon?s1 z _h be5 suppos$1 nor ev5 by ye>s1 b by c5turies4 ,probably x w n return till #fjj or #gjj ye>s h pass$4 ,_h ?is n be5 prov$1 we might h be5 n a little p]plex$ by ! return ( app>5tly ! same comet 9 ?is pres5t ye> 7#ahhg74 ,a comet 0 discov]$ 9 ! s\? e>ly 9 ,janu>y1 ^: c\rse1 dealt ) by ,pr(essor ,krug]1 "o ( ! mo/ zeal\s ( our comet calculators1 is f\nd to be p>tially id5tical ) t ( ! f\r rem>kable comets we h be5 consid]+4 ,a/ronom]s h n be5 mov$ by ?is new visitant on ! well-worn track1 z we 7 by ! arrival ( ! comet ( #ahhb1 or z we %\ld h be5 if ei!r ! comet ( #ahhb _h nev] be5 se51 or its pa? _h n be5 %[n to be s wide rang+4 ,:atev] ! comet ( ! pres5t ye> may be1 x 0 n ! comet ( #ahhb return$4 ,no "o ev5 supposes t x 0 ! comet ( #ahhj1 or #ahdc1 or #affh4 ,nev]!less1 rightly appreh5d$1 ! appe>ance ( a comet travel+ on appreciably ! same track z ^? f\r o!r comets is ( extreme int]e/1 & inde$ practically decisive z to ! int]pretation we mu/ place on ^! repeat$ co9cid5ces4 8,obs]ve1 we are absolutely c]ta9 t ! five comets are associat$ toge!r 9 "s way2 b we are z absolutely c]ta9 t !y are n "o & ! same comet :i* _h travel$ along ! same track & return$ aft] a c]ta9 numb] ( circuits4 ,we ne$ n tr\ble ourselves ) ! "q :e!r two or m ( ! comets may n h be5 9 reality "o & ! same body at diff]5t returns4 ,x suffices t !y all five 7 n "o2 s9ce we d$uce precisely ! same conclusion :e!r we reg>d ! five z 9 reality b f\r or ?ree or two4 ,b x may be m5tion$1 9 pass+1 z appe>+ altoge!r m probable1 :5 all ! evid5ce is consid]$1 t !re 7 no few] ?an five di/9ct comets1 all travel+ on :at 0 practically ! selfsame track :5 9 ! neighborhood ( ! sun4 8,!re c be b "o int]pretation ( ?is rem>kable fact--a fact really prov$1 be x notic$ 7z ,i & o!rs h ma9ta9$ s9ce ! retreat ( ! comet ( #ahhb71 indep5d5tly ( ! evid5ce suppli$ by ! great s\!rn comet ( ! pres5t ye>4 ,^! comets mu/ all orig9ally h be5 "o comet1 ?\gh n[ !y are di/9ct bodies4 ,= !re is no reasonable way 7inde$ no possible way7 ( imag9+ ! sep>ate =mation ( two or m comets at diff]5t times1 :i* %\ld !reaft] travel 9 ! same pa?4 8,no !ory ( ! orig9 ( comets ev] sugge/$1 none ev5 :i* c be imag9$1 c\ld acc\nt = su* a peculi>ity4 ,:]eas1 on ! o!r h&1 we h direct evid5ce %[+ h[ a comet1 orig9ally s+le1 may be trans=m$ into two or m comets travel+ on ! same1 or ne>ly ! same1 track4 8,! comet call$ ,biela's1 :i* _h circuit$ z a s+le comet up to ! ye> #ahdf 7dur+ a p]iod ( unkn[n duration 9 ! pa/--probably dur+ millions ( ye>s71 divid$ !n into two1 & has s9ce brok5 up into s _m p>ts t ea* cometic fragm5t is sep>ately indisc]nible4 ,! two comets into :i* ,biela's divid$1 9 #ahdf1 7 wat*$ long en\gh to %[ t1 _h _! sep>ate exi/5ce cont9u$ 7visibly71 !y w\ld h be5 f\nd1 9 ! fullness ( "t1 travel+ at di/ances v f> ap>t1 ?\gh on ne>ly ! same orbit4 ,! di/ance betwe5 !m1 :i* 9 #ahdf _h increas$ only to ab\t a qu>t] ( a million ( miles1 _h 9 #aheb increas$ to five times t space4 8,probably a few ?\s& ye>s w\ld h suffic$ to set ^! comets s f> ap>t 7ow+ to "s slight diff]5ce ( velocity1 initiat$ at ! mom5t ( _! sep>ation7 t :5 "o w\ld h be5 at its ne>e/ to ! sun1 ! o!r w\ld h be5 at its f>!/ f him4 ,if we c\ld n[ disc]n ! sep>ate fragm5ts ( ! comet1 we %\ld d\btless recognize a process 9 progress by :i*1 9 ! c\rse ( _m c5turies1 ! sep>ate cometic bodies w be dissem9at$ all r\nd ! common orbit4 ,we "k1 fur!r1 t already su* a process has be5 at "w on portions remov$ f ! comet _m c5turies ago1 = z our e>? passes ?r\gh ! track ( ?is comet %e enc\nt]s millions ( meteoric bodies :i* are travel+ 9 ! comet's orbit1 & once =m$ "p ( ! sub/ance ( a comet d\btless mu* m di/+ui%$ 9 appe>ance ?an ,biela's4 8,!re c be little d\bt t ?is is ! true explanation ( ! orig9 ( t family ( comets1 five ( ^: memb]s return$ to ! neighborhood ( ! sun 7possibly _! p>5t7 9 ! ye>s #affh1 #ahdc1 #ahhj1 #ahhb1 & #ahhg4 ,b x is n m]ely z ?us expla9+ :at _h be5 a mo/ p]plex+ problem t ,i h dealt ) ! evid5ce suppli$ by ! practical id5tity ( ! orbits ( ^! five comets4 ,:5 once we recognize t ?is1 & ?is only1 c be ! explanation ( ! associat$ gr\p ( five comets1 we p]ceive t v int]e/+ & important light has be5 ?r[n on ! subject ( comets g5]ally4 8,to beg9 )1 :at an amaz+ comet t mu/ h be5 f :i* ^! five1 & we "k n h[ _m m1 7 =m$ by disaggregative processes--probably by ! divell5t action ( repulsive =ces ex]t$ by ! sun6 ,^? :o rememb] ! comets ( #ahdc & #ahhb z !y appe>$ :5 at _! full spl5dor w be able to imag9e h[ noble an appe>ance a comet w\ld pres5t :i* 0 =m$ ( ^! comb9$ toge!r 9 "o4 ,b ! comet ( #ahhj 0 describ$ by all :o saw x 9 ! s\!rn hemisph]e z mo/ rem>kable 9 appe>ance1 despite ! fa9tness ( its head4 ,! great s\!rn comet ( ! pres5t ye> 7#ahhg7 0 a /rik+ object 9 ! skies1 ?\gh x %[$ ! same weakness ab\t ! head4 ,t ( #affh 0 probably z rem>kable 9 appe>ance z ev5 ! comet ( #ahhb4 ,a comet =m$ by comb9+ all ^! toge!r w\ld c]ta9ly surpass 9 magnific5ce all ! comets ev] obs]v$ by a/ronom]s4 8,& !n1 :at enorm\s p]iods ( "t mu/ h be5 requir$ to di/ribute ! fragm5ts ( a s+le comet s widely t "o w\ld be f\nd return+ to its p]ihelion m ?an two c5turies aft] ano!r6 ,:5 ,i spoke ( "o memb] ( ! ,biela gr\p be+ 9 aphelion1 :5 ano!r w\ld be 9 p]ihelion1 ,i 0 speak+ ( a diff]5ce ( only ?ree & "o-?ird ye>s 9 "t2 & ev5 t w\ld require ?\s&s ( ye>s4 ,b ! scatt]$ cometic bodies :i* return$ to ! sun's neighborhood 9 #affh & #ahhg speak probably ( millions ( ye>s :i* h pass$ s9ce fir/ ?is comet 0 =m$4 ,x w\ld be a matt] ( curi\s inquiry to det]m9e :at may h be5 ! condition ( our sun1 :at ev5 8 volume1 at t remote p]iod 9 hi/ory40 ,9 view ( our pres5t k ( ! /atus ( ! sun z a comp>ative dw>f 9 ! /ell> sy/em1 may x n h be5 a giant /> at t remote p]iod ( its exi/5ce above ref]r$ to1 rival+ 9 volume ! giant /> ,betelgeuse ) its diamet] exce$+ two hundr$ million miles4#ac ,at t p]iod ( ! evolution ( ! sun1 h[ t]rific mu/ h be5 ! =ce ( ! upheavals :i* r5t its surface1 fl++ =? cometic mat]ial ) incalculable spe$1 to di/ances f> exce$+ any kn[n 9 connection ) ! comets ) :i* we are famili>4 ,reg>d+ ! sol> orig9 ( comets1 ,dr4 ,a4 ,c4 ,d4 ,crommel9 writes z foll[s 9 ,spl5d\r ( ! ,heav5s1 page #djg3 8,:5 we note t ! orbit ( ! great comet ( #ahhb almo/ grazes ! sun's surface1 !re is a natural t5d5cy to attribute a sol> orig9 to x4 ,we "k f ! ph5om5a ( ! sol> prom95ces t ! sun is cont9ually erupt+ torr5ts ( matt] ) v high spe$s2 a spe$ ( #bgj miles p] second w\ld suffice to s5d ! matt] r\nd ! sun 9 a circul> orbit2 if x rose to #chb miles p] second ! orbit w\ld be p>abolic2 :ile = any int]m$iate spe$ x w\ld be elliptic4 ,by comb9+ ! obs]v$ spe$ ( asc5t ( ! prom95ce matt] ) ! spe$ ( approa* or recession t is indicat$ by ! %ift ( ! l9es 9 ! spectrum1 we conclude t spe$s ( ?is ord] are q common1 s t no difficulty arises on t acc\nt4 ,i feel r m difficulty f ! consid]ation t ! meteoric masses t compose a comet's head c\ld n exi/ 9 ! sun 9 a solid /ate2 ! heat w\ld suffice to vaporize !m4 ,! mat]ials w\ld solidify 9 ! cold ( space1 b z !y w\ld be "u no pressure1 ,i imag9e t ! result+ solid p>ticles w\ld be microscopically small1 n ( ! size requir$ to =m res]voirs = a l>ge am\nt ( gas4 ,all objects eject$ by ! sun w\ld move 9 orbits t int]sect ! sun1 except 9 s f> z _! orbits are modifi$ by planet>y action4 ,?is latt] might readily be l>ge en\gh to *ange ! orbit to "o j outside ! sun 7l ^? ( ! sun-graz+ comets ( #afhj1 #ahdc1 #ahhb1 etc474 ,h[ev]1 ! great majority ( kn[n comets h orbits ^: lea/ di/ance f ! sun is s l>ge t we _c imag9e an orig9 = ^! by simple sol> eruption4 8,! "q arises1 ,c ! comets h exi/$ = s long a p]iod 9 view ( ! wa/age t !y und]go8 ,accord+ to ! geologi/s ! date ( ! approa* ( ano!r sun to ours 7z sugge/$ 9 ! planetesimal hypo!sis7 mu/ be put at lea/ a ?\s& million ye>s ago2 9 su* an int]val1 ev5 ! comets ( longe/ p]iod w\ld h return$ ?\s&s ( times1 & ,i gravely d\bt :e!r !y c\ld cont9ue to be su* compact bodies z !y appe> to be2 ,i frankly admit t ,i h no plausible sugge/ion to (f] = evad+ ! difficulty2 x is "o ( ! num]\s cases 9 a/ronomy 7! /atus ( ! spiral nebul is ano!r7 9 :i* we mu/ be cont5t = ! pres5t to record obs]v$ facts & sugge/$ int]pretations1 leav+ full und]/&+ to come at a lat] date1 if at all40 ,accord+ to ! same au?ority1 9 connection ) 8 views on ! subject1 z express$ aft] read+ ! ,,mss4 prep>$ = ?is *apt]1 he writes1 z foll[s3 8,i h not$ a pap] by ,a4 ,a4 ,newton 7see ,obs]vatory = #ahid1 page #bej71 9 :i* he says1 t out ( #a1jjj million comets approa*+ ! sun1 #abf comets w h p]iods r$uc$ to #f ye>s1 #hci to #ab ye>s1 #a1gja to #ah ye>s1 & #b1fgj to #bd ye>s4 ,fur!r1 ( ! #hci no less ?an #bjc1 or a qu>t] ( ! :ole1 w h retrograde orbits aft] p]turbation4 ,i ?9k ^! results g v /rongly aga9/ ! capture hypo!sis4 ,!re w\ld only be "o %ort-p]iod comet 9 some?+ l #b million ye>s2 :]eas ! exp]i5ce ( ,biela's1 ,brors5's 7& p]haps also ,tempel #a & ,holmes71 sugge/s t sev]al ( !m h become ext9ct 9 a c5tury1 s an equal numb] ( new ones is requir$ to keep up ! supply4 ,x is a matt] ( surprise to me t ! difficulty is n m g5]ally recogniz$40 ,! foll[+ brief ab/ract1 cond5s$ f an article writt5 by ,pr(essor ,w4 ,w4 ,payne1 = ,popul> ,a/ronomy1 ,april1 #aijf1 page #bba1 reg>d+ 8,jupit]'s ,family ( ,comets10 ) accompany+ *>t1 may be ( int]e/ 9 connection ) ! matt] "u discussion 9 ?is *apt]3 8,?is notable family ( comets is m & m ( a wond]1 ! fur!r its /udy is pursu$4 ,x is rem>kable on acc\nt ( its size1 &--if ! capture !ory be correct--( ! p[] ( ,jupit] to capture comets & make !m memb]s ( 8 family1 if !y1 9 _! wild flights ?r\gh space1 happ5 to come too ne> to him z !y sometimes d 9 c]ta9 p>ts ( 8 orbital pa? ar\nd ! sun4 ,b a close /udy ( ! *>t %[+ ! pa?s ( ,jupit]'s family ( comets w\ld seem to indicate t ne>ly all ! f>!/ po9ts ( ! comet's orbits f ! sun are on "o side ( ,jupit]'s orbit4 ,^! po9ts are m>k$ by %ort cross l9es4 ,n[ if ,jupit] obta9$ 8 family by capture1 :y %\ld he be m successful on "o side ( ! orbit ?an ! o!r8 ,moreov]1 ! motions ( all ^! bodies ab\t ! sun1 & ab\t ,jupit]1 are direct1 t is1 contr>y to ^? ( ! h&s ( a wat*4 ,does n ?is fact ( ! comets travel+ 9 ! same direction1 po9t to ! supposition t !y 7 orig9ally eject$ f ! planet r ?an t !y 7 captur$ by ,jupit]80 ,,*apt] ,,eight ,,meteor ,,/reams ,:5ce come ^! unc\nt$ millions ( bodies1 ru%+ ?r\gh space ) inconceivable velocity8 ,:at purpose d !y fulfill 9 ! economy ( ! sol> sy/em8 ,are !y ! *ips 9 ! great work%op ( ,nature1 ! sp>ks :i* h fl[n f ! mighty gr9d/one1 ! %r$s ( clay :i* ! giant pott]s1 ,attraction & ,repulsion1 h ca/ aside z useless8 --,r4 ,a4 ,,proctor4 ,s f>1 we h trac$ ! /ory ( comets & meteors1 & !ories conc]n+ _! orig91 b !re /ill rema9s ! fasc9at+ *apt] reg>d+ ^? meteor /reams :i* cross ! e>?'s pa? 9 unc\nt$ ?\s&s & at regul> int]vals4 ,= in/ance !re are ! great ,novemb] %[]s unsurpass$ by any1 except p]haps ! ,augu/ meteor sy/em4 ,f rec5t inve/igations x has be5 %[n t ! indep5d5t p>ticles ( :i* ^! sy/ems are compos$ =m "p ( a great ?rong mov+ 9 ord]ly pa?s ar\nd ! sun4 ,!y h prov$ _! "r to a place 9 ! 8ob$i5t family0 :i* ,cop]nicus recogniz$ z =m+ ! sol> sy/em4 ,9 ^? days meteors 7 reg>d$ z a species ( exhalation f ! e>? & consum$ dur+ "s processes ( *ange 9 ! upp] regions ( ! atmosph]e4 ,lat] on1 !y _h atta9$ to ! rank ( volcanic missiles eject$ f ! moon1 & asc5d+ /ill high] !y 7 said to be /ones fall+ f ! sky1 n only on l&1 b 89 ! great sea1 :]e !y rema9$ conceal$40 ,x 0 n until ! impressive meteoric %[] ( #ahcc t suspicions 7 ar\s$ conc]n+ a connection betwe5 ^! app>5tly erratic w&]]s 9 ! sky & comets4 ,:5 ,pr(essors ,tw9+ & ,olm/$ ( ,new ,hav51 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 obs]v$ t ! pa?s ( all ! meteors dur+ ! ,novemb] %[] ( #ahcc c\ld be trac$ back to :at is t]m$ a 8radiant10 & ,olm/$ w5t s f> z to call ! d5se/ "p ( ! sw>m a 8comet10 ^! objects atta9$ a new int]e/ 9 ! a/ronomical _w4 ,olm/$ & ,tw9+ 7 ! fir/ to %[ t ! meteors are n t]re/rial & atmosph]ic1 b bodies truly cosmical4 ,c\ld ,kepl] & ,cop]nicus h revisit$ ! =m] sc5e ( _! labors & li/5$ to ! discussions conc]n+ ! !ories advanc$ 9 connection ) comets & meteors dur+ ! latt] "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 !y w\ld sc>cely h recogniz$ ! s*eme ( ! sol> sy/em ?us unfold$ to _! view6 ,n only has ! claim ( meteorites to memb]%ip 9 t sy/em be5 firmly e/abli%$1 b ! def9ite seasons = _! appe>ance1 & ! well-kn[n orbits along :i* c]ta9 meteor /reams travel1 c n[ be confid5tly pr$ict$ by a/ronom]s4 ,x is true1 un=tunate circum/ances may cause delay1 z 9 ! case ( ! failure ( ! expect$ return ( ! ,novemb] meteor-%[] 9 #ahii1 ,novemb] #ad-ae1 b ?is 0 und\bt$ly due to ! di/urb+ influ5ce ( ,jupit] & ,saturn4 ,h[ev]1 !re c\ld be no delay & consequ5t disappo9tm5t at ! return ( ?is meteor sw>m 9 #ahcc1 :i* 0 n only totally unexpect$1 b furni%$ a sc5e ( su* spl5dor t words fail to convey an idea ( its impressive "*4 ,we are told1 by ^? :o 7 s =tunate z to witness x1 t ! meteors fell z ?ickly z sn[flakes4 ,my fa!r us$ to relate ! foll[+ /ory reg>d+ "o ( ! plant]s ( ,s\? ,c>ol9a :o gave a mo/ impressive acc\nt ( ! con/]nation caus$ among ! negroes on ?is occasion4 ,to quote ! words ( ! plant]3 8,i 0 sudd5ly awak5$ by ! mo/ di/ress+ cries t ev] fell on my e>s4 ,%rieks ( horror & cries = m]cy ,i c\ld he> f mo/ ( ! negroes ( ! ?ree plantations1 am\nt+ 9 all to ab\t six or eight hundr$4 ,:ile e>ne/ly li/5+ = ! cause1 ,i he>d a fa9t voice ne> ! door call+ my "n4 ,i arose &1 tak+ my sword1 /ood at ! door4 8,at ?is mom5t ,i he>d ! same voice /ill besee*+ me to rise1 assur+ me t ! _w 0 on fire4 ,i !n op5$ ! door1 & x is difficult to say :i* excit$ me ! mo/1 ! awfulness ( ! sc5e or ! di/ress$ cries ( ! negroes4 ,upw>d ( a hundr$ lay pro/rate on ! gr\nd1 "s spee*less & "s giv+ utt]ance to ! bitt]e/ cries4 ,) h&s uprais$1 !y implor$ ,god to save ! _w & !m4 ,! sc5e 0 truly awful1 = nev] did ra9 fall mu* ?ick] ?an ! meteors fell t[>ds ! e>?--ea/1 we/1 nor? & s\?1 x 0 ! same40 ,r5ew$ int]e/ 0 tak5 9 ! subject z ! ye> #ahff drew ne>1 = ,pr(essor ,newton ( ,new ,hav51 ,u4 ,s4 ,a41 _h f\nd1 aft] a c>eful exam9ation ( records 9 #ahfd1 t !re _h be5 a numb] ( great autumnal meteoric />-%[]s sep>at$ by p]iods ( ab\t ?irty-?ree ye>s4 ,z a result ( 8 inve/igations1 he pr$ict$ t a %[] w\ld occur 9 #ahff1 & conjectur$ t ! pa? along :i* ! meteor /ream w\ld travel might h "o ( five diff]5t orbits2 "o ) a p]iod ( ?irty-?ree & a qu>t] ye>s1 two ) p]iods ( "o ye> plus or m9us elev5 days1 & two ) p]iods ( half a ye> plus or m9us five & a half days4 ,pr(essor ,john ,c\* ,adams1 ) ! same pati5ce & accuracy :i* _h enabl$ him to discov] ! planet ,neptune1 conc5trat$ all 8 ef=ts 9 trac+ by means ( ! mo/ labori\s calculations ! di/urb+ effects ( ! planets ^u ! ,novemb] meteor /ream 9 connection ) ea* ( ! five orbits sugge/$ by ,newton4 ,he came to ! conclusion t ! true orbit mu/ be ! l>ge/1 viz41 ! "o hav+ a p]iod ( ?irty-?ree & a qu>t] ye>s4 ,accord+ly1 he confirm$ ! pr$iction t ! meteoric %[] 0 due to return 9 #ahff1 & n only 0 t pr$iction confirm$1 b ! meteor /ream 0 se5 aga9 9 #ahfg1 ! procession /ret*+ out along ! orbit = su* a di/ance t x requir$ ?ree ye>s to pass a giv5 po9t4 ,un=tunately1 z f> z ,pr(essor ,newton & 8 fell[-c\ntrym5 9 ,am]ica 7 conc]n$1 !y 7 unable to witness ! wond]ful display1 = on ?is occasion x favor$ our side ( ! _w4 ,9 o!r words1 ! enc\nt] betwe5 ! e>? & ! d5se "p ( ! meteor /ream :i* _h caus$ su* a spectacul> display 9 #ahcc1 prec$$ ! "t pr$ict$ = x only by ! brief int]val sep>at+ ! successive passages ( ,engl& & ,am]ica across a giv5 rotation space4 8,if we imag9e t f "s di/ant orb1 a be+ 7 wat*+ ! ev5t1 kn[+ ! nature ( ,newton's pr$iction & unc]ta9 z to ! result1 !n ?is be+ w\ld h se5 ! meteor sw>m ru%+ onw>ds to ! sc5e ( enc\nt] on ! "o "p1 & ! e>? sweep+ t[>ds ! same po9t on ! o!r4 ,he c\ld see t all ov] ,europe & ! we/]n p>ts ( ,asia1 & 9 a less degree ov] ! =e%ort5$ ,atlantic1 ! meteors 7 already fall+1 ! display w\ld gr[ ri*] & ri*]1 b aft] a :ile x w\ld dim9i% 9 spl5dor4 ,f9ally1 j z ,am]ica began to %[ on ! expos$ hemisph]e1 ! enc\nt] w\ld come to an end1 ! e>? pass+ onw>ds to ! relatively b>r5 portions ly+ beyond ! meteor orbit40 7,r4 ,a4 ,proctor1 ,! ,orbs ,ar\nd ,u1 pp4 #ahj-aha47 ,su* 0 ! occurr5ce :i* a/oni%$ ! _w on ! nights ( ,novemb] #ac-ad1 #ahff1 accord+ to ,sir ,rob]t ,ball's exp]i5ce1 :i* he has portray$ 9 su* vivid language 9 ,! ,/ory ( ! ,heav5s3 8,! night 0 f9e2 ! moon 0 abs5t4 ,! meteors 7 di/+ui%$ n only by _! enorm\s multitude1 b by _! intr9sic magnific5ce4 ,i %all nev] =get t night4 ,on ! memorable ev5+1 ,i 0 engag$ 9 my usual duty at t "t ( obs]v+ nebul ) ,"l ,rosse's great reflect+ telescope4 ,i 0 ( c\rse aw>e t a %[] ( meteors _h be5 pr$ict$1 b no?+ t ,i _h he>d prep>$ me = ! spl5did spectacle s soon to be unfold$4 ,x 0 ab\t t5 o'clock at night :5 an exclamation f an att5dant by my side made me look up f ! telescope1 j 9 "t to see a f9e meteor da% across ! sky4 ,x 0 pres5tly foll[$ by ano!r1 & !n aga9 by o!rs 9 twos & 9 ?rees1 :i* %[$ t ! pr$iction ( a great %[] 0 likely to be v]ifi$4 8,at ?is "t1 ! ,e>l ( ,rosse 7!n ,"l ,oxmant[n7 jo9$ me at ! telescope1 & aft] a brief int]val we decid$ to cease our obs]vations ( ! nebul & asc5d to ! top ( ! wall ( ! great telescope1 f :5ce a cle> view ( ! :ole hemisph]e ( ! heav5s c\ld be obta9$4 ,!re1 = ! next ?ree or f\r h\rs1 we witness$ a spectacle :i* c nev] fade f my memory4 ,! %oot+ />s gradually increas$ 9 numb] until sometimes sev]al 7 se5 at once4 ,sometimes !y swept ov] our heads1 sometimes to ! "r1 sometimes to ! left1 b !y all div]g$ f ! ea/4 ,all ! tracks ( ! meteors radiat$ f ,leo4 8,sometimes a meteor appe>$ to come almo/ directly t[>ds u1 & !n its pa? 0 s =e%ort5$ t x _h h>dly any appreciable l5g?1 & look$ l an ord9>y fix$ /> swell+ into brilliancy & !n z rapidly vani%+4 ,occasionally lum9\s tra9s w\ld l+] on = _m m9utes aft] ! meteor _h fla%$ across1 b ! great majority ( ! tra9s 9 ?is %[] 7 evanesc5t4 ,x w\ld be impossible to say h[ _m ?\s&s ( meteors 7 se51 ea* "o ( :i* 0 bright en\gh to h elicit$ a note ( admiration on any ord9>y night40 ,soon aft] ! rem>kable display ( meteors 9 #ahff1 ,s*iap>elli ( ,milan1 ^: int]e/ _h be5 ar\s$ by ! rese>*es ( ,newton & ,adams1 publi%$ a pap] ^u ! ,p]seids1 or ,augu/ meteors1 9 :i* he drew att5tion to ! fact t !y 7 mov+ 9 ! same pa? z t ( ! bright comet ( #ahfb1 kn[n z ,tuttle's comet4 ,%ortly aft] ?is ,lev]ri] publi%$ 8 orbit ( ! ,leonid meteors d]iv$ f ! obs]v$ position ( ! radiant 7)9 ! sickle-%ap$ gr\p ( />s 9 ,leo71 9 connection ) ! p]iodic "t assign$ by ,adams2 & almo/ simultane\sly1 b )\t any idea ( a connection betwe5 !m1 ,oppolz] publi%$ 8 orbit ( ,tempel's comet ( #ahff1 & ! two orbits 7 at once se5 to be practically id5tical4 ,n[ a s+le case ( su* a co9cid5ce z t po9t$ out by ,s*iap>elli might possibly be accid5tal1 b h>dly two4 ,!n five ye>s lat] 9 #ahgb came ! meteoric %[] ( ! ,bielids1 ! dis9tegrat$ p>ticles foll[+ 9 ! track ( ,biela's comet1 & s9ce !n scores ( meteor /reams h be5 app>5tly detect$ ) 8a comet annex$10 firmly e/abli%+ ! !ory reg>d+ ! connection betwe5 comets & meteor /reams z a well-prov$ fact4 ,! long] a comet has be5 9 ! sol> sy/em1 ! m widely scatt]$ w be its accompany+ meteor /ream4 ,accord+ to ?is !ory1 ! ,p]seids :i* are scatt]$ m or less uni=mly along _! orbit ( enorm\s ext5t rang+ f> beyond ! orbit ( ! out]mo/ planet ,neptune1 are und\bt$ly old inhabitants ( ! sol> sy/em4 ,! ,leonids1 on ! contr>y1 are comp>atively newcom]s introduc$ into ! sol> sy/em 7accord+ to ! calculations ( ,lev]ri]1 & admitt+ ! capture !ory1 ?\gh ! ejection !ory is f> m plausible71 9 ,a4,d4 #abf1 :5 ,tempel's comet1 ( :i* !y =m$ "p1 pass$ v ne> ,uranus4 ,s9ce ! my/]y reg>d+ ^! cele/ial w&]]s has be5 cle>$1 x might almo/ seem z if e comet ( di/9ction _h its own special ho/ ( meteoric att5dants foll[+ closely 9 its wake1 _! numb] con/antly increas$ by ! addition ( disc>d$ fragm5ts =m+ ! tra9 ( ! comet at ea* visit paid by x to ! sun4 ,! foll[+ is a li/ compil$ by ,mr4 ,w4 ,f4 ,d5n+ ( ! *ief meteoric displays ( ! ye>4 ,"n ( ,date ( ,radiant ,appe>ance ( meteors %[] maximum po9t ,r4,a4 ,dcl4 ,quadrantids ,janu>y #c #bcj #eb,sl[i%1 long pa?s ,lyrids ,april #ba #bgj #cc,swift1 /reaks ,aqu>ids ,may #b-f #cch #b,swift1 v long pa?s ,draconids ,june #bh #bbh #ed,v sl[1 %ort pa?s ,aqu>ids ,july #bh-cj #cci #abj,sl[1 long pa?s ,capricornids,july #be-;,augu/ #d #cjc #aj,v sl[1 brilliant1 long ,p]seids ,augu/ #aa #de #eg,swift1 /reaks ,orionids ,octob] #ai #ib #ae,swift1 /reaks ,leonids ,novemb] #ad-ae #aea #bc,v swift1 /reaks ,&rom$ids ,novemb] #ag-bg #be #dd,v sl[1 %ort1 tra9$ ,gem9ids ,decemb] #aa-ab #aaj #cc,swift1 :ite1 %ort pa?s ,! ,lyrids are connect$ ) ,comet #ahfa ,i1 hav+ a p]iod ( ab\t #dae ye>s4 ,! ,p]seids are connect$ ) ,comet #ahfb ,,iii1 hav+ a p]iod ( ab\t #abj ye>s4 ,! ,leonids are connect$ ) ,comet #ahff ,i1 hav+ a p]iod ( #cc ye>s4 ,! ,bielids1 or ,&rom$ids1 are connect$ ) ,biela's comet1 & h a p]iod ( #f ye>s4 ,we are n[ aw>e ( meteor /reams :i* at c]ta9 /at$ int]vals1 cross ! e>?'s orbit4 ,!y are regul> visitors = :i* we may wat* ) e c]ta9ty t a few1 if n ?\s&s1 w be captur$ by too ne> an approa* to ! atmosph]ic net encircl+ our planet4 ,! :ole ( ! sol> doma9 may be alive ) meteors1 b by no possibility c we become aw>e ( _! pres5ce until !y take ! fatal plunge :i* ultimately causes _! de/ruction4 ,! space actually trav]s$ by ! e>? 9 its j\rney ar\nd ! sun1 is b ! m9ute/ fraction ( t va/ sph]e ov] :i* ! sun holds sway1 8yet x has be5 e/imat$ by ,pr(essor ,newcomb ( ,am]ica1 on gr\nds :i* are p]fectly reliable1 t 9 includ+ telescopic meteors 7t is1 meteors s small z only to be visible :5 !y happ5 to pass across ! field ( view ( a telescope71 no less ?an #adf1jjj millions ( meteoric bodies fall ea* ye> ^u ! e>?4 ,if "o 9 a ?\s& /ruck a human be+ ! inhabitants ( ! e>? w\ld be decimat$ 9 a s+le ye>40 7,r4 ,a4 ,proctor1 ,! ,expanse ( ,heav51 p4 #afd47 ,=tunately = u1 ! e>? is protect$ by ! surr\nd+ air1 :i* (f]s a mo/ effective resi/ance to ! swift motion ( ! cele/ial missiles ) :i* x is bomb>d$ f above4 ,! swift] _! motion1 ! m effective ! resi/ance4 ,:5 meteors are fir/ se5 !y are mo/ly at a height ( sev5ty miles1 vani%+ at a height ( ab\t fifty miles4 ,b ! actual c\rse !y pursue ?r\gh ! air is ne>ly always mu* long]1 because !y d n desc5d v]tically1 b aslant4 ,mr4 ,d5n+ rem>ks1 9 8 acc\nt ( meteors = ,spl5d\r ( ! ,heav5s1 8!re are comp>atively few a/ronom]s1 ei!r pr(essional or amateur1 :o cultivate ! meteoric bran*4 ,!y evid5tly d n reg>d x z an attractive /udy4 ,9 any case1 x does n appeal to !m suffici5tly to enli/ _! sympa?ies1 & s x has be5 comp>atively neglect$ 9 rec5t ye>s4 ,a few ard5t obs]v]s h1 x is true1 cont9u$ to devote !mselves to ! subject10 & he cites in/ances :]e two ,engli% ladies1 ,miss ,a4 ,grace ,cook1 director ( ! ,meteoric ,section ( ! ,b4 ,a4 ,a41 9 #aibb1 & ! late ,mrs4 ,fiammetta ,wilson1 endeavor$ to ar\se m en?usiasm 9 ?is field ( "w by bo? practical example & advice4 ,z an in/ance ( ! spl5did en?usiasm ( ! latt]1 %e has to h] cr$it = meteoric obs]vations c>ri$ on dur+ an int]val ( t5 ye>s1 ! record ( ab\t t5 ?\s& meteors4 ,?is is an av]age ( a ?\s& a ye>1 & anyone :o has attempt$ to keep a /eady wat* on a />lit night 9 ! hope ( obs]v+ an evanesc5t meteor w realize :at su* a record means4 ,x mu/ h requir$ an imm5se am\nt ( pati5ce1 endurance1 & untir+ vigilance1 = ! wily meteor is s apt to take u unaw>es4 ,! writ] has _h b "o exp]i5ce ( ! k9d1 & x 0 ^u ! occasion ( ! expect$ display ( ,leonids 9 #ahii4 ,! night 0 extremely cold1 z "o might expect dur+ ! mon? ( ,novemb]1 :5 ) two fri5ds1 ,miss ,h>pham & ,miss ,t>box1 ,i /ation$ myself on ! ro( ( an ap>tm5t h\se 9 ,new ,york ,city1 on ,novemb] #ae1 at #ab4ee4 ,! record ( our obs]vations1 :i* 7 cont9u$ until #f4jj ,a4,m4 at ! h\r ( dawn1 0 aft]w>d pr9t$ 9 ,popul> ,a/ronomy1 ,vol4 ,,ix1 #aija1 pp4 #hb-hc4 ,dur+ t "t we obs]v$ sixty-eight meteors1 ( :i*1 z ! acc\nt %[s1 a few 7 intrud]s4 ,nev] 0 dawn s welcome to ! we>y obs]v]s1 :o 7 n ne>ly s mu* *ill$ by ! ,novemb] wea!r1 z by ! disappo9tm5t at ! meag] display4 ,possibly ! bright moonlight 9 ! e>li] "p ( ! wat* _h dimm$ ! spl5dor ( _m ( ! ,leonids1 b :]e 7 ! t5s ( ?\s&s :i* 7 said to h fall5 9 #ahcc1 or ev5 ! ?\s&s :i* 7 obs]v$ 9 #ahff1 = n ev5 "o hundr$ rew>d$ u = our vigil 9 #ahii8 ,h[ev]1 we 7 told to wat* aga9 ! foll[+ ye>1 :5 possibly we might meet ) bett] luck1 b our record z giv5 9 ,popul> ,a/ronomy1 ,vol4 ,,ix1 #aija1 %[s t only =ty-f\r meteors 7 se5 betwe5 midnight & dawn1 & ( ^!1 sev5 7 intrud]s4 ,! cause ( ! failure ( ! return ( ! ,leonids 9 #ahii 0 due to ! fact t ! planet ,jupit] _h s mu* di/urb$ ! orbit ( ! meteor gr\p ( #ahff1 t f calculations made x 0 e/imat$ t x w\ld pass ab\t two millions ( miles outside ( ! e>?'s orbit1 & ?us escape collision ) our atmosph]e4 ,= ?is reason1 few meteors 7 se5 9 #ahii & #aijj1 ?\gh 9 #aija & #aijc pretty brisk %[]s ( ,leonids 7 visible1 ?\gh !y 7 no?+ l ! magnific5t displays ( #agii1 #ahcc1 & #ahff4 ,a new %[] d]iv$ f ,pons-,w9necke's p]iodical comet 0 witness$ f ,bri/ol on ,june #bh1 #aiaf4 ,a v brilliant & abundant return ( ?is display may occur dur+ ! la/ week ( ,june1 #aibg1 :5 ! e>? & comet w be exce$+ly ne> ea* o!r4 ,! foll[+ sugge/ions may be helpful to ^? :o may feel incl9$ to make a hobby ( record+ meteors :i* are f> m pl5tiful 7q a numb] mak+ _! appe>ance on any cle> night7 ?an comets1 :i* are1 comp>atively speak+1 r>e visitors4 ,practically no appliances ( any k9d are requir$4 ,! ma9 ess5tial is a k ( ! v>i\s con/ellations & ( ! />s visible to ! nak$ eye1 a k soon acquir$ by a /udy ( "s good atlas ( ! heav5s1 su* z my fa!r's ,half ,h\rs ) ! ,/>s4 ,?is conta9s twelve *>ts1 "o = ea* mon? ( ! ye>1 ) accompany+ lett] press4 ,a beg9n] g5]ally f9ds great difficulty 9 locat+ ! beg9n+ & end+ ( ! c\rse ( a meteor1 z ^! seldom occur close to any well-kn[n />4 ,x w always be f\nd useful to h a /raight rod ab\t f\r feet long4 ,?is %\ld be held up s t x seems to lie along ! pa? ( ! meteor4 ,a rapid glance along ! rod1 backw>d & =w>d1 w g5]ally be suffici5t to enable "o to detect "s />s )9 ! radius ( a circle4 ,! beg9n+ & end+ ( ! trail ( ! meteors c !n be record$1 z ! eye easily e/imates ! l5g? ( ! arc betwe5 v>i\s po9ts ( ! heav5s4 ,9 ?is way "o records ! obs]vation made--let u say1 at #d4ci1 = ,novemb] #ae1 #ahii4 ,! direction foll[$ by ! meteor 0 f ! radiant t[>d ,ca/or & ,pollux1 ! /reak rema9+ visible = ?ree seconds4 ,! meteor 0 v bright1 mean+ t x equal$ a fir/-magnitude />1 & ! tra9 0 #e 9 l5g?4 ,?\gh ! color 0 n record$ at ! "t1 yet x is possible to make a v sure guess1 t x 0 blue1 ! usual color ( ,leonids4 ,x is n advisable to look = meteors v f> f ! radiant1 z t is ! ma9 po9t f :i* !y are se5 to emanate4 ,!re=e1 x w be suffici5t to conf9e ! att5tion to a region )9 #cj to #dj f ! radiant4 ,meteors appe>+ ne> ! radiant h %ort tra9s1 :ile ^? at a great] di/ance h g5]ally long] tra9s4 ,:5 a meteor is obs]v$1 ! "t1 magnitude1 beg9n+ & end+ ( c\rse1 duration ( flight1 & any special *>act]i/ics %\ld be record$ z quickly z possible1 us+ a sy/em ( abbreviations4 ,possibly ! writ]1 at ! next display :i* is expect$ 9 #aicc1 may be prep>$--) ! assi/ance ( a few en?usia/s--to c>ry out ?is elaborate program1 b x is impossible = "o or ev5 ?ree to make an accurate record ( s _m happ5+s reg>d+ a meteor :i* may h rema9$ on view b a second or s4 ,9 judg+ ! "t ( flight a /op-wat* is v useful1 b 9 ! case ( sl[ meteors x is easy to e/imate ! "t approximately by c\nt+ at a c]ta9 rate1 say #ahj to ! m9ute4 ,! writ] 0 told to recite a nurs]y rhyme at a c]ta9 pace1 su* z hickory-dickory-dock1 & note ! syllable or ^w utt]$ at disappe>ance ( meteor1 b 9 ! case ( ! ,leonids ! ^w 8hickory0 _h sc>cely be5 utt]$ be=e ! ,leonid _h vani%$1 s t ! simpl] me?od ( c\nt+ 8"o1 two1 ?ree10 0 adopt$1 prov+ entirely satisfactory1 :5 we rememb]$ to c\nt6 ,x might be a good idea1 be=e mak+ ! obs]vations1 to m>k (f on ! rod1 ) lum9\s pa9t or radium1 su* z is us$ ) wat*es1 #c1 ! di/ance betwe5 ! ?ree />s 9 ! belt ( ,orion2 #e1 ! di/ance betwe5 ! po9t]s 9 ,ursa ,major2 #aj1 ! di/ance f ,alpha to ,delta 9 ! same gr\p ( />s2 #ae f ,delta ?r\gh ,alpha2 & #bf f ,alpha to ,eta1 at ! extremity ( ! ,be>'s tail1 or ! ,dipp] h&le1 accord+ to ! popul> nom5clature us$ 9 ,am]ica1 :]e ! sev5 />s ( ! ,pl\gh1 or ,*>les's ,wa91 are usually ref]r$ to z ! ,great ,dipp]4 ,special att5tion %\ld be giv5 9 record+ v bright meteors or fireballs4 ,9 _m cases fireballs may be se5 by o!r p]sons1 & ! data suppli$ by any two obs]v]s situat$ at diff]5t places4 ,_! comb9$ obs]vations are suffici5t to det]m9e ! real pa?1 radiant1 etc41 ( ! cele/ial object4 ,we h a f9e illu/ration ( ?is 9 ! drift ( a meteor trail :i* 0 obs]v$ by ,mr4 ,d5n+ at #g4cc ,p4,m4 on ,febru>y #bb1 #aiji1 pass+ 9 a s\?we/ direction ov] ! nor!rn coa/ ( ,france4 ,! lum9\s trail left 9 its wake p]si/$ z a visible object = ov] two h\rs1 dur+ :i* "t x drift$ 9 a nor?we/ direction at #abj miles an h\r1 "u ! influ5ce ( a viol5t w9d 9 ! upp] atmosph]e4 ,z usual on e cle> />lit night !re are a numb] ( en?usia/ic obs]v]s keep+ close wat* ( ! sky1 ready to trap ) _! cam]as any unw>y meteor :i* may fla% into view4 ,on ?is occasion !re 7 at lea/ #bej obs]v]s 9 diff]5t p>ts ( ! c\ntry wat*+ ! ph5om5on dur+ ! :ole two h\rs ! meteor trail rema9$ visible4 ,!re is a bran* ( ! ,briti% ,a/ronomical ,association :i* deals ) records & obs]vations ( meteors1 & x is kn[n z ! ,meteor ,section4 8,mr4 ,d5n+ has prov$ a fai?ful fri5d10 z ,miss ,a4 ,grace ,cook rem>ks 9 h] report ( ! ,section = #aibb1 8& has enc\rag$ ! ,section 9 e possible way40 ,sometime "o ( ! en?usia/ic obs]v]s 9 se>* ( meteors may be rew>d$ by a discov]y ( l>g] prey1 9 ! =m ( a comet4 ,imag9e ! delight ( hav+ a comet "o c\ld ?us claim1 z x 71 z "o's own p]sonal prop]ty6 ,fireballs diff] va/ly f %oot+ />s 9 expos+ a l>g] surface to ! oppos+ atmosph]e1 z !y make _! d[nw>d plunge f space !re94 ,x is :5 !y sudd5ly come 9 contact ) ! p>ticles ( :i* ! air surr\nd+ our planet is compos$1 t _! pres5ce is fir/ made kn[n to u4 ,:5 a %oot+ /> f9ally blazes out1 ow+ to ! friction caus$ by ! enc\nt]1 x is at a height ( f ?irty to fifty-five miles above ! gr\nd4 ,x is !n dissipat$ 9 vapor1 & vani%es4 ,no wond] ^! balls ( fire caus$ t]ror among ! ignorant & sup]/iti\s 9 ! days :5 _! mean+ 0 unkn[n4 ,9 ,mr4 ,d5n+'s book1 ,telescopic ,"w = ,/>light ,ev5+s1 page #bfi1 !re is a draw+ made by ,j4 ,plant ( ,sal=d1 z an illu/ration1 giv+ an excell5t idea ( ! impos+ aspect ( a fireball1 se5 by ?is obs]v] on ,novemb] #bc1 #ahgg1 z x em]g$ f beh9d a cl\d4 ,judg+ f ! date1 x might h be5 "o ( ! ,bielids1 provid$ its radiant 0 9 ! con/ellation ,&rom$a4 ,x 01 h[ev]1 9 ,taurus4 ,fireballs are usually sil5t1 b sometimes !y h be5 kn[n to explode ) a l\d noise4 ,! fireball :i* 0 obs]v$ 7z above7 9 ,novemb]1 #ahgg1 is said to h 8giv5 a s\nd l salvos ( artill]y1 & doors & w9d[s 7 viol5tly %ak540 ,z a rule1 h[ev]1 !re is no audible explosion1 ! bright nucleus fad+ out until x is r$uc$ to a m]e sp>k be=e disappe>+4 ,occasionally fireballs h be5 kn[n to give out ?ree or f\r brilliant fla%es be=e fad+ f view4 ,^! fla%es1 (t5 ( />tl+ int5sity1 h be5 describ$ z 8com+ less swiftly ?an fla%es ( lightn+40 ,!y rem9d "o =cibly ( moonlight break+ ?r\gh ! cle> int]vals 9 pass+ cl\ds4 ,!re is always some?+ my/]i\s ab\t ^! lum9\s objects z !y em]ge s /eal?ily f ! d>kness1 vani%+ z sil5tly z !y came4 ,dur+ ! mon? ( ,augu/ f9e meteoric displays may be look$ =1 betwe5 ! #aj? & #ac? ( t mon?4 ,!y are sometimes ref]r$ to z 8! te>s ( ,/4 ,lawr5ce10 s9ce ! #aj? ( ,augu/ is d$icat$ to ! memory ( t sa9t4 ,h[ev]1 !y are m g5]ally kn[n z ! ,p]seids1 _! radiant be+ 9 ! con/ellation ,p]seus4 ,z ?is gr\p ( />s has ris5 tol]ably high ab\t n9e o'clock 9 ! nor!a/]n sky dur+ ! mon? ( ,augu/1 wat*+ = ,p]seids is an easi] matt] ?an 9 ! case ( ! ,leonids1 :i* d n appe> at _! be/ until 8! wee sma' h\rs40 ,! meteors belong+ to ! ,p]seid family are yell[ 9 color1 mov+ at ! rate ( ?irty-eight miles a second1 z comp>$ ) ! swift onru% ( ! ,novemb] meteors at =ty-f\r miles a second1 ! latt] fla%+ into view ) ! rapidity ( a skyrocket1 & z swiftly disappe>+4 ,! ,bielids1 on ! contr>y1 travel ) m$ium velocity1 _! /ately glide at t5 miles p] second1 be+ 9 m>k$ contra/ to ! spe$ ( ! ,p]seids or ,leonids4 ,! ,bielids1 also call$ ! ,&rom$ids1 are due ,novemb] #bc-bg1 &1 z already not$1 may be se5 to radiate f a po9t ne> ,gamma 9 ! con/ellation ,&rom$a4 ,9 ! case ( ! ,p]seids1 a few brilliant /reaks (t5 h]ald _! approa*1 usually giv+ promise ( an especially f9e display4 ,! ,augu/ meteor %[]s yield ! smalle/ %oot+ />s & ! l>ge/ type ( fireballs4 ,obs]v]s />tl$ by ! sudd5 appe>ance ( ! latt] are r apt to give exagg]at$ acc\nts ( _! appe>ance1 neglect+ to note ! direction :5ce !y came1 ! "t or duration ( _! flight1 & o!r necess>y data1 r5d]+ ! obs]vations1 9 consequ5ce1 practically useless4 ,we n[ come to %oot+ />s1 ! k9d]g>t5--z x 7--( ! meteoric sy/em4 ,weigh+ practically b a few ounces at ! mo/1 !y c be easily h&l$ or put into "o's pocket )\t discom=t4 ,analysis ( ^? :i* h sunk to re/ on our planet1 z a result ( successfully p5etrat+ "r ?r\gh ! atmosph]ic net surr\nd+ our doma91 has %[n t !y are compos$ ( iron & _m ( ! *emical elem5ts1 su* z sodium & c>bon1 :i* are to be f\nd on ! e>?4 ,= va/ p]iods ( "t !y may h be5 pursu+ a seem+ly endless voyage along ! highways & byways ( ! sol> sy/em1 w5d+ _! way 9 safety amid ! intricate pa?s trav]s$ by ! planets4 ,!y h be5 travel+ at a spe$ f> exce$+ t ( ! swifte/ cannon ball1 & d\btless ) an av]age velocity ( ab\t tw5ty-five miles a second4 ,a %oot+ /> mov+ at su* a rate w\ld pass f ! e>? to ! moon 9 a c\ple ( h\rs1 or f ,london to ,ed9burgh 9 ab\t t5 seconds4 ,all goes well ) ! little travel] z long z x keeps at a discreet di/ance f ! arial torp$o net surr\nd+ our planet1 seem+ly set = ! purpose ( entrapp+ su* intrud]s4 ,h[ev]1 %\ld ! %oot+ /> v5ture too ne>1 plung+ ?r\gh ! atmosph]e at ! pace :i* kills1 x is b\nd to come to grief4 ,rubb+ aga9/ e p>ticle x meets on ! way1 friction is caus$1 result+ 9 ! blaze ( glory :i* makes its pres5ce kn[n to u1 swiftly foll[$ by its exit :5 x is r$uc$ to a%es4 ,"s ( ! p>ticles1 if any are left 7= usually !y are dissipat$ 9 vapor 9 ! upp] regions ( ! air71 sift d[n ^u our planet 9 ! =m ( f9e du/4 ,f ! top ( a high m\nta9 ,dr4 ,rei*5ba* collect$ du/ :i* _h nev] be5 t\*$ by spade or pick-ax2 & 9 analysis he f\nd ?is du/ to consi/ ( almo/ id5tically ! same elem5ts z ^? ( :i* meteoric /ones are compos$--nickel1 cobalt1 iron1 & phosphorus4 ,dr4 ,phipson1 9 8 int]e/+ "w on ,meteors1 ,arolites1 & ,%oot+ ,/>s1 rem>ks t 8:5 a glass cov]$ ) pure glyc]9e is expos$ to a /rong w9d1 late 9 ,novemb]1 x receives a numb] ( black angul> p>ticles1 :i* c be dissolv$ 9 /rong hydro*loric acid1 & produces yell[ *loride ( iron ^u ! glass plate40 ,x is a /range ?\ght t ! air :i* sifts 9 ?r\gh ! w9d[1 & settles on ! tables & *airs1 nay ev5 ! v air we brea!1 may conta9 p>ticles ( matt] :i* h at "o "t circl$ 9 meteoric =m ar\nd ! sun6 ,%\ld ?is be ! case1 & if1 z ,pr(essor ,newcomb1 ! ,am]ican a/ronom]1 tells u1 no less ?an #adf1jjj million meteoric p>ticles fall on ! e>? dur+ ! c\rse ( a ye>1 may we n inf] t ?is means an increase 9 its mass8 ,9 my fa!r's book1 ,! ,orbs ,ar\nd ,u 7page #aie71 he writes3 8,if we assign a s+le gra9 z ! weight ( ea* meteor visible to ! nak$ eye1 we d$uce fifte5 millions ( gra9s z ! e>?'s daily increase ( weight4 ,?is is r less ?an a ton4 ,s t 9 ! c\rse ( ab\t ?ree ye>s ! e>?'s weight mu/ increase 7ev5 on ! v l[ value "h assign$ to a meteor's weight7 by a ?\s& tons2 & 9 ! c\rse ( ! ?ree ?\s& ye>s dur+ :i* a/ronomy has be5 a sci5ce ! e>?'s weight mu/ h increas$ a million tons4 ,?is is a m]e trifle comp>$ ) ! e>?'s own weight1 :i* is #f1jjj millions ( millions ( times great]4 ,inde$1 x may easily be %[n t ! actual increase ( ! e>?'s radius 9 ?is int]val ( #c1jjj ye>s1 w\ld be ab\t ! #gj1jjj1jjj? "p ( an in*40 ,f "t immemorial leg5d & sup]/ition h int]wov5 !mselves ar\nd ^! small memb]s ( ! sol> sy/em z !y sil5tly & swiftly sweep across ! vault ( heav51 vani%+ my/]i\sly z ?\gh ext+ui%$ by "s invisible h&4 ,dante describes !m3 8,z (t along ! /ill & pure s]5e ,at nightfall glides a sudd5 trail ( fire1 ,attract+ ) involunt>y he$ ,! eye to foll[ x1 ere:ile x re/ ,& seems "s /> t %ift$ place 9 heav540 ,= ! ,ori5tal believ]1 ! %oot+ />s are ! fi]y d>ts hurl$ by ! angels at ! evil spirits or g5ii :5 ! latt] are caught eavesdropp+ at ! gates ( heav54 ,?is leg5d is to be f\nd 9 ! ,koran1 & is ref]r$ to by ,moore 9 8 8,p>adise & ! ,p]i10 9 ! l9es3 8,fleet] ?an ! />ry br&s ,flung at night f angel h&s1 ,at ^? d>k & d>+ sprites ,:o w\ld climb ?' empyreal heights40 ,accord+ to a ,li?uanian my? z told by ,grimm 9 8 ,deuts*e ,my?ologie1 ! sp9/ress ,w]pega sp9s ! ?read ( a *ild's life at bir?1 & ea* ?read ends 9 a />4 ,:5 dea? approa*es1 ! ?read breaks & ! /> falls to e>?1 qu5*+ its light4 ,9 ,galicia1 ! prov9ce nor!a/ ( ,hung>y1 ! peasants believe t :5 a /> falls to e>? x is at once trans=m$ into a r>ely beautiful maid5 ) long1 glitt]+1 gold5 hair4 ,%e is suppos$ to ex]t a magical influ5ce on all :o come 9 contact ) h]1 b ! effect is evil unless c]ta9 words are utt]$ ere ! /> falls to e>?4 ,f ?is sup]/ition d\btless spr+s ! cu/om ( 8wi%+0 :ile a %oot+ /> is se5 glid+ swiftly ea/w>ds4 ,! wi% w surely come true1 x is said1 if fully express$ be=e ! /> fades f view4 ,f9ally1 we h ! fanciful idea sugge/$ 9 ! foll[+ l9es by ,fiona ,macleod3 8,a /> 0 loos$ f heav52 ,all saw x fall1 9 wond]1 ,:]e univ]se cla%$ univ]se ,) sol> ?und]40 ,,*apt] ,,n9e ,,did ,,life ,,fir/ ,,come ,,to ,,?is ,,e>? ,,9 ,a ,,meteor8 ,among ! mo/ />tl+ sugge/ions rec5tly ?r[n out by m5 ( sci5ce1 n "o1 p]haps1 has seem$ m amaz+ to ! g5]al public ?an ! idea put =w>d by ,sir ,william ,?omson 9 ! able address ) :i* he inaugurat$ ! meet+ ( ! ,briti% ,association 7#ahga7--t life on ! e>? may h _h its orig9 f se$s borne to our planet by meteors1 ! remnants ( =m] worlds4 --,r4 ,a4 ,,proctor4 ,! qua9t sugge/ion ?us advanc$ by ,"l ,kelv9 reg>d+ ! possibility ( ! fir/ g]ms ( life rea*+ our planet 9 ! =m ( 8a fragm5t ( an explod$ _w10 0 tak5 s]i\sly at ! "t by "s1 b 0 und\bt$ly m]ely a je/ on ! "p ( ! able speak]4 ,z my fa!r rem>k$ 9 ! book f :i* ! above quotation is made 7,! ,orbs ,ar\nd ,u73 8,i c sc>cely br+ myself to believe t ! em95t pr(essor 0 s]i\s 9 urg+ 8 hypo!sis ( se$-be>+ meteors4 ,engli%m5 speak sometimes ( ! sl[ness ) :i* a ,scotsman appreh5ds a je/2 b ! ,scotsman may return ! complim5t1 s f>1 at lea/1 z ! s\!rn e/imate ( ,scotti% humor is conc]n$4 ,= a true ,scot makes 8 je/ ) a gravity & aplomb unequal$ among ,sass5a* humori/s4 ,x is f> f improbable t ! s]i\sness ) :i* ! se$-be>+ meteorites h be5 discuss$ prov$ inf9itely amus+ to ! ga!r+ ( ! clans 9 ,ed9burgh40 ,nev]!less1 t !re 7 "s believ]s :o 7 conv9c$ t ,"l ,kelv9 w\ld n h advanc$ su* a !ory )\t "s solid basis = its f\ndation1 0 %[n by ! fact t ! great ,sw$i% sci5ti/1 ,svante ,arrh5ius1 consid]$ x wor? :ile1 9 8 book entitl$ ,! ,life ( ! ,univ]se1 to ref] to ! v>i\s difficulties :i* h made x next to impossible to e/abli% ! !ory1 :i* he comp>es 7f ! /&po9t ( ar\s+ popul> int]e/7 ) ! problem ( p]petual motion4 ,he conclud$ 8 rem>ks on ! subject by ! /atem5t 7:i* has already be5 confirm$7 t ! problem ( spontane\s g5]ation 9 ! actual =m ( a meteor w1 8x is to be expect$1 be elim9at$ f ! sci5tific program1 j z ! problem ( p]petual motion has be5 disc>d$40 ,nev]!less1 !re is some?+ fasc9at+ ab\t ?is my? :i* appeal$ /rongly1 at ! "t x 0 advanc$1 to ! imag9ation1 ?\gh x l$ to qu]ies :i* :5 answ]$ l$ n[h]e4 ,if ! worlds by bur/+ suppli$ space ) se$-be>+ meteors1 h[ 7 !y !mselves peopl$ ) liv+ be+s8 8,?is circum/ance ( itself ?r[s an air ( d\bt ov] ! new hypo!sis10 accord+ to my fa!r's views on ! subject1 8z a s]i\sly int5d$ acc\nt ( ! orig9 ( life on our e>?40 ,x recalls ! cumb]some way 9 :i* ! ,h9du acc\nt$ = ! support ( our planet 9 space1 suppos+ x re/$ ^u ! back ( a tortoise1 b ! ,h9du /ud5t ( sci5ce might well ask h[ is ! tortoise itself support$8 ,or aga91 suppos+ life-be>+ meteorites rea*$ our planet f explod$ worlds1 :at w\ld be _! condition by ! "t !y 7 deposit$ on a soil favorable = _! developm5t8 ,accord+ to ,flamm>ion reg>d+ ! possibility ( meteoric fragm5ts com+ to our planet f an anci5t satellite ( ! e>? :i* 0 %att]$ to pieces1 ! g]ms %ut up 9 ! int]ior ( ! meteorite w\ld rema9 9 a k9d ( le?>gic sleep )\t los+ any ( _! g]m9ative qualities dur+ _! plunge ?r\gh int]planet>y space4 ,9 fact1 ! au?or l5ds a s$uctive air ( plausibility to ! my?1 sugge/+ t ! fragm5ts w\ld rea* our planet fre% & cold1 to be aga9 rejuv5at$ & come to life1 b ev5 ,flamm>ion is compell$ to ackn[l$ge t we h f\nd no?+ to prove su* a !ory true4 ,b if ?is new !ory %\ld be accept$1 z my fa!r wrote 9 #ahga1 8we h reason to reg>d ) appreh5sion ! too close approa* ( "o ( ^! visitants2 because1 if "o meteor suppli$ ! se$s ( ! liv+ ?+s n[ exi/+ on ! _w1 ano!r may supply myriads ( se$s ( undesirable liv+ ?+s2 & p]haps ! sequ5t /ruggle = life may result 9 ! survival ( ! fitte/40 ,x may seem sup]flu\s to add t1 9 a collision by :i* a _w 0 %iv]$ into fragm5ts1 ! se$s ( life w\ld h :at may be describ$ z a w>m "t1 s9ce ! collision c\ld h>dly fail to vaporize ! de/roy$ _w4 ,! fi]y heat g5]at$ by ! collision1 foll[$ by a voyage dur+ myriads ( millions ( ages ?r\gh ! inconceivable cold ( space1 & ! effect ( ! fi]ce heat :i* accompanies ! fall ( meteoric masses ^u our e>?1 w\ld seem s unfavorable to ! g]ms ( life t we may accept ) confid5ce ! belief t all su* g]ms _h be5 completely de/roy$ be=e rea*+ ?is planet4 ,arrh5ius rev]s+ ! se$-be>+-meteor !ory 9 connection ) a meteorite br++ ! se$s ( life to our planet1 makes a neat calculation %[+ ! "t :i* w\ld be requir$ = a t9y p>ticle1 drawn f our planet & hurl$ into space1 to arrive at ! surface ( a planet circl+ ar\nd ! /> ,alpha 9 ! con/ellation ( ! ,c5taur4 ,x w\ld be tw5ty days on its way to ,m>s 7travel+ at ! usual rate ( spe$ assign$ to meteors1 viz41 "s tw5ty-six miles a second47 ,a ye> w\ld elapse be=e x rea*$ ! out]mo/ planet ,neptune1 :i* travels on ! conf9es ( ! sol> sy/em1 & "s n9e ?\s& ye>s ere x plung$ ?r\gh ! atmosph]e surr\nd+ a planet circl+ r\nd ! ne>e/ />1 & f9ally cra%$ on its surface4 ,endless are ! speculations :i* might ?us be indulg$ 9 reg>d+ ! cele/ial voyages ( meteors ?r\gh int]planet>y space1 b ?\gh ! misguid$ ones :i* h ra%ly v5tur$ too ne> our planet h be5 trapp$ 9 its atmosph]e1 l&+ on its surface be=e suff]+ complete annihilation1 h be5 weigh$1 measur$1 & te/$ by *emical analysis1 ! pa/ hi/ory ( _! excursions into space is en%r\d$ 9 a my/]i\s sil5ce z unbrok5 z t ( ! ,sph9x4#ad ,illu/ration3 ,,ou? ,,lodge1 ,,kei?ick1 ,,:]e ,,! ,,/ra?more ,,meteorite ,,fell ,,?r\gh ,,! ,,ro(1 ,,decemb] #c1 #aiag ,photograph ( ! lodge & ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,hill tak5 by ,h4 ,coates ,! writ] at "o "t _h a pap] weight to :i* %e atta*$ great value1 despite ! fact t x 0 an app>5tly insignificant metallic /one weigh+ a few ounces1 b !re 0 a fasc9ation 9 ! conjecture z to :]e x _h come f4 ,t 0 ! qu]y :i* c\ld nev] be answ]$1 = all t 0 actually kn[n ( ! pa/ hi/ory ( ?is cele/ial visitor dat$ f "o ev5tful ev5+ :5 x 0 se5 = a few brief seconds z a mom5t>y /reak ( light1 reveal+ ! c\rse ( its desc5t1 s t a =tunate mortal "h bel[ 0 enabl$ to locate x aft] its swift plunge to e>?4 ,aft] x _h cool$ suffici5tly to be> h&l+1 x 0 c>efully exam9$ & its sub/ance 0 f\nd to be ?ickly int]sp]s$ ) c>bon p>ticles1 reveal+1 l s _m telltale imps1 t ?is in]t mass _h once kn[n bett] days :5 its life 0 fill$ ) activity until x took ! fatal plunge :i* end$ s disa/r\sly4 8,if y only knew :at ,i h se51 & :]e ,i h be5 dur+ my w&]+s 9 space10 "o c\ld imag9e ! meteorite say+ 9 reply to ! num]\s qu]ies1 reg>d+ its orig91 9 ! m9d ( ! writ]2 until ?is fasc9at+ little visitor 9 space vani%$ z my/]i\sly z x _h come1 ?r\gh too great a confid5ce plac$ 9 an audi5ce 9 ! ,f> ,we/1 :]e ! meteorite 0 pass$ r\nd = inspection & nev] return$4 ,h[ev]1 ! writ] 0 enabl$ to resume h] /udy ( ! subject on a l>g] scale :ile visit+ ! fam\s ,foy] collection ( meteorites at ! ,am]ican ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory1 ,new ,york1 :]e ! specim5s are a little too hefty = transportation4 ,no "o1 = in/ance1 w\ld be able to dep>t ) ! ,ahnighito1 ! great ,cape ,york meteorite1 :i* 0 f\nd on ! nor? coa/ ( ,melville ,bay ne> ,cape ,york1 ,gre5l&1 by ,comm&] ,rob]t ,e4 ,pe>y1 9 #ahid1 )\t attract+ a consid]able am\nt ( att5tion4 ,x is ! l>ge/ & heavie/ meteorite kn[n1 weigh+ ov] ?irty-six tons4 ,x possibly weigh$ m up to ! date ( its fall1 z ! guide ,tallakoteah1 :o enabl$ ,pe>y to discov] ! meteorite1 in=m$ him t up to ! e>ly "p ( ! n9ete5? c5tury1 memb]s ( ! ,eskimo tribe _h f\nd x v useful 9 provid+ !m ) mat]ial = knives & hat*ets4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/ra?more ,,meteorite1 ,,ess5dy ,,fragm5t ,photograph tak5 ,decemb] #c1 #aiag1 by ,h4 ,coates ,!re are really ?ree masses1 ! l>ge/ already ref]r$ to be+ t5 feet elev5 in*es long1 six feet n9e in*es high1 & five feet two in*es ?ick4 ,x 0 call$ ,ahnighito aft] ! "n ( ! daught] ( ! explor]4 ,! next l>g] mass weigh+ ab\t ?ree tons 0 nam$ 8,! ,woman10 because ! %ape sugge/$ ! idea ( a woman seat$ on ! gr\nd ) a babe 9 h] arms & a %awl ar\nd h] %\ld]s4 ,! ?ird & smalle/ mass weigh+ ab\t #a1jjj p\nds1 0 call$ 8,! ,dog10 & ! ?ree meteorites 7 kn[n z a gr\p to ! ,eskimo "u ! "n ( 8,saviksue10 or 8,! ,great ,irons40 ,! ,woman & ,! ,dog 7 visit$ by ,pe>y 9 #ahid1 & 7 obta9$ ! foll[+ ye> aft] mu* difficulty & excit+ "w1 an incid5t ( :i* 0 ! break+ up ( ! cake ( ice on :i* ,! ,woman _h be5 f]ri$ f ! %ore to ! %ip1 j z ! mass 0 ab\t to be hoi/$ abo>d4 ,=tunately !re 0 en\gh tackle ar\nd ! meteorite to prev5t its loss4 ,9 #ahie ,comm&] ,pe>y visit$ ,ahnighito1 :i* lay on an isl& only f\r miles f ! two small] masses1 b he c\ld d little t[>d its removal4 ,! next ye> he made ano!r voyage = ! purpose ( gett+ ! ,great ,iron1 b 0 aga9 unsuccessful4 ,?is ?ird attempt 0 made 9 #ahig1 :5 ! meteorite 0 br\ght 9 safety to ,new ,york 9 ! %ip ,hope4 ,9 ! ,foy] collection is also ! fam\s ,willamette meteorite1 :i* weighs m ?an fifte5 tons4 ,its height is ov] six feet1 its wid? f\r feet1 & its l5g? t5 feet4 ,x is "o ( ! mo/ int]e/+ meteoric fragm5ts 9 ! collection1 ?\gh n ! l>ge/4 ,nev]!less1 its appe>ance tells a wondr\s /ory ( ! exp]i5ce x mu/ h _h dur+ its swift ru% ?r\gh ! air4 ,! deep holl[s 9 its surface 7 probably caus$ by friction ) ! p>ticles enc\nt]$ dur+ its swift flight ?r\gh ! atmosph]e surr\nd+ our planet4 ,?is result$ 9 ! melt+ ( "p ( ! metallic sub/ance ( :i* x is compos$1 *emical analysis %[+ t x conta9s an admixture ( iron1 nickel1 a small am\nt ( cobalt1 & 9 addition "s phosphorus & sulphur4 ,to give an idea ( ! dep? ( ! holl[s1 ! curator ( ! ,museum %[$ ! writ] a photograph ( two boys seat$ 9 two ( ! l>ge/4 ,! ,willamette 0 discov]$ 9 ! autumn ( #aijb1 9 ! =e/ ab\t n9ete5 miles s\? ( ,portl&1 by a ,wel% m9] nam$ ,ellis ,hughes4 ,at fir/ he ?\ght he _h discov]$ an iron m9e1 b on digg+ away ! e>? surr\nd+ x1 he f\nd t x 0 a meteorite4 ,! m9]1 :o 0 well acqua9t$ ) ! h&l+ ( su* masses1 con/ruct$ a l[ wood5 truck1 on to :i* he manag$ to ov]turn ! fifte5-ton mass1 & !n1 ) no o!r motive p[] ?an an old horse w9dlass+ a rope r\nd a cap/an z a w9*1 :i* _h to be mov$ & rean*or$ z ! truck ) its load 0 drawn up to x1 he & 8 fifte5-ye>-old son1 work+ s quietly dur+ ! w9t] t n ev5 ! ne>e/ neighbor suspect$ :at !y 7 do+1 dragg$ ! mass ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile on to 8 own l&4 ,app>5tly ?is mass ( iron 0 kn[n be=e ! discov]y above relat$1 z an ,indian relic1 rev]$ f "t immemorial by ! ,siwa% ,indians4 ,:5 ! ,portl& ,l& ,company1 :o own$ ! l& on :i* ! meteorite 0 f\nd1 in/itut$ legal proce$+s 9 ! matt]1 claim+ ! "r ( possession1 ! lawy] engag$ by ,ellis ,hughes to plead 8 cause 0 ( ! op9ion t ! meteorite 0 n 8real e/ate10 b 8disc>d$ p]sonal prop]ty10 belong+ to :oev] might f9d x4 ,9 support ( ?is /atem5t he call$ a v old ,siwa% ,indian z a witness1 :o te/ifi$ t ! mass ( iron _h long be5 kn[n to memb]s ( 8 tribe1 :o attribut$ to x magic virtue4 ,z a y\?1 he said1 he _h be5 conduct$ to x by "o ( ! m$ic9e-m51 & in=m$ t if arr[s 7 dipp$ 9 ! wat] :i* collect$ 9 ! holl[s !y w\ld always w+ _! way to ! he>t ( ! game %ot at4 ,h[ev]1 ! judge rul$ t ! meteorite w5t ) ! l&1 & an ord] 0 issu$ giv+ possession !re( to ! ,portl& ,l& ,company4 ,x 0 pur*as$ lat] on by ,mrs4 ,william ,e4 ,dodge1 & pres5t$ to ! ,museum ( ,natural ,hi/ory 9 ,new ,york ,city4 ,ne> ! ,willamette meteorite is "o call$ ! ,canyon ,diablo1 fam\s *iefly on acc\nt ( ! fact t x conta9s diamonds4 ,x 0 f\nd 9 #ahia1 ne> ,coon ,butte1 ,arizona1 9 ! neighborhood ( ! t[n ( ,canyon ,diablo4 ,! orig9al size ( ! mass is n kn[n1 b ?\s&s ( fragm5ts h be5 collect$1 v>y+ 9 weight f a fraction ( an ounce up to #a1jhg p\nds4 ,m ?an sixte5 tons ( ?is mat]ial are said to h be5 f\nd )9 a radius ( two & a half miles ( ,coon ,butte1 a conical hill ris+ f #acj to #afj feet above ! surr\nd+ pla91 & conta9+ a crat]-l holl[ ab\t ?ree-qu>t]s ( a mile 9 diamet] & probably orig9ally #a1dfj feet deep4 ,! appe>ance ( ?is region seems at fir/ sight1 to ! casual visitor1 f> m sugge/ive ( a t]rific explosion at a remote p]iod ( ! pa/1 result+ 9 an upheaval caus+ ! va/ crat] f :i* ! meteoritic-look+ masses scatt]$ ov] ! surr\nd+ pla9 _h be5 eject$1 b ,dr4 ,hovey is ( ! op9ion t _! pres5ce has be5 caus$ by ! d[nfall ( an imm5se meteorite f above4 ,accord+ to 8 inve/igations ( ! sc5e1 8!re is no lava ( any k9d 9 ,coon ,butte or 9 its imm$iate vic9ity1 su* z is f\nd 9 volcanic regions40 ,he also ass]ts t ! ma9 "p ( ! mass has n yet be5 discov]$1 ! fragm5ts s f> f\nd be+ only ! portions sep>at$ f ! orig9al mass dur+ its passage ?r\gh ! atmosph]e & at ! "t ( its impact ) ! e>?4 ,!re are two fragm5ts ( ! ,canyon ,diablo meteorite 9 ! ,foy] collection1 & ! l>ge/ piece discov]$ is ! "o weigh+ #a1jhg p\nds1 to :i* ref]5ce has already be5 made4 ,a slice ( ! meteorite1 9 :i* a diamond 0 f\nd1 und\bt$ly attracts ! greate/ am\nt ( att5tion f visitors to ! museum4 8,diamonds fall+ f ! sky10 !y h be5 he>d to rem>k1 8!n :y n make a se>* = ! miss+ fragm5t :i* may be a depository ( unkn[n weal?80 ,h[ev]1 ! possibilities are t x has buri$ itself to su* a dep? 9 its cra% to e>?1 t a se>* = x w\ld be a /up5d\s und]tak+1 ) possibly no results z f> z diamonds are conc]n$4 ,! importance atta*$ to ! discov]y ( diamonds 9 ! ,canyon ,diablo meteorite h+es ^u ! well-kn[n fact t ! diamond is ! pure/ c>bon 9 nature4 ,*>coal is almo/ pure c>bon1 &1 z ev]yone kn[s1 common *>coal is ! product ( combu/ion1 ! residue f ! burn+ ( a piece ( woody tissue exclud$ f ! air4 ,?is is ! ev]yday tea*+ ( *emi/ry 9 ! college laboratory4 ,accord+ to ,dr4 ,hovey1 reg>d+ ! fact t ! ,canyon ,diablo meteorite conta9s diamonds1 8,?is gem-/one diamond has be5 def9itely prov$ to occur 9 only two meteorites1 ! o!r be+ a ,russian fall1 al?\gh _m masses are kn[n to conta9 c>bon 9 ! =m ( a s(t1 black p[d]40 ,! discov]y ( diamonds 9 ,canyon ,diablo 0 made 9 #ahia1 by ,pr(essor ,g4 ,a4 ,ko5ig ( ,philadelphia1 & 0 aft]w>d confirm$ by ,dr4 ,george ,f4 ,kunz ( ,new ,york1 ,pr(essor ,moissau ( ,p>is1 & o!r inve/igators4 ,9 #aije1 ,moissau dissolv$ a fragm5t ( ,canyon ,diablo weigh+ sev]al p\nds1 & obta9$ n only recognizable cry/als ( ! diamond1 b also cry/als ( a m9]al correspond+ exactly 9 composition to ! extremely h>d artificial silicide ( c>bon kn[n z c>borundum4 ,! new m9]al has be5 nam$ ,moissauite1 & ?is is ! fir/ "t t x has be5 f\nd 9 nature4 ,geology tea*es u n only t *>coal & ! m9]al coals are diff]5t =ms ( t wond]ful elem5t we call c>bon1 b also t bitum9\s & an?racite coals are ! trans=m$ products ( anci5t vegetation1 ?r\gh ! comb9$ ag5cies ( heat1 enorm\s pressure1 & ! sl[ transmut+ effect ( ages4 ,?is talismanic elem5t is ev] f\nd associat$ 9 "s =m ) organic sub/ance1 & organic sub/ance is life sub/ance1 animal z well z vegetable4 ,h5ce comes ! all-engross+ conclusion t :]ev] c>bon exi/s !re organic matt] exi/s or has exi/$2 &1 if organic matt]1 !n its ess5tial companion life6 ,does ! meteoric fragm5t ,canyon ,diablo1 :i* fell f ! sky ^u our planet1 come f a _w n[ or at "o "t ! abode ( life8 ,seem+ly1 we h drift$ back to ! orig9al argum5t1 ,did life fir/ come to ?is e>? 9 a meteor8 & we are no ne>] a solution ( ! problem unless--z "s "o faceti\sly rem>k$1 an ent]pris+ individual inclos$ a message )9 a meteor ere x took its dep>ture = our planet f "s di/ant _w4 ,z ,flamm>ion says 9 8 book on ,! ,plurality ( ,worlds3 8,! problem rema9s ! same4 ,we want to "k h[ life fir/ appe>$1 & ?is problem has n be5 advanc$ 9 ! slighte/ degree by ! !ory adopt$ by ,"l ,kelv9 & ,arrh5ius40 ,b1 z already /at$1 no "o dream$ ( tak+ ! sugge/ion made by ,"l ,kelv91 s]i\sly4 ,,! ,,end ----- ,footnote #a3 ,*amb]s's ,/ory ( ! ,comets1 pp4 #baa-bab4 ,footnote #b3 ,j\rnal ( ! ,bombay ,bran* ( ! ,royal ,asiatic ,society1 vol4 xxiii4 ,acc\nt ( comets giv5 by ,mohamm$an hi/orians4 ,footnote #c3 ,?is disposes ( ! /ory accord+ to :i*1 :5 ! report] ( a ,sydney newspap] ask$ ! writ] if %e _h discov]$ any comets1 %e mode/ly repli$1 8,yes1 a few40 ,footnote #d3 ,nature1 ,june #af1 #ahhg4 ,footnote #e3 ,see ,flamm>ion's ,hi/ory ( ! ,heav5s1 p4 #cdh4 ,footnote #f3 ,mon?ly ,notices1 ,r4,a4,s41 vol4 vii1 p4 #gc1 ,m>*1 #ahdf4 ,footnote #g3 ,see ,a/ronomis*e ,na*ri*t51 vol4 #ajd1 p4 #abi4 ,footnote #h3 ,! cam]a ) :i* ! meteor 0 photograph$ by ,dr4 ,w4 ,j4 ,s4 ,locky] is plac$ specially = record+ meteors4 ,x is ori5tat$ to ! pol> />s simply = ! purpose ( be+ able to id5tify ! />s to d$uce ! pa? ( ! meteor1 %\ld "o be record$4 ,o!rwise1 no int]e/ is atta*$ to ! pol> /> trails1 z su*4 ,footnote #i3 ,9 ,rebirs' ,les ,femmes dans la ,sci5ce he writes z foll[s ab\t ,madame ,lepaute3 8,a little girl ( six ye>s :5 taunt$ "o day by h] si/] ) ! rem>k1 #8,i am pretti] ?an y1' made ! ready rejo9d]1 #8,b ,i am wis]4' ,! future c>e] ( ,nicole ,rine table de la ,brire1 aft]w>ds wife ( ! fam\s clock-mak]1 ,jean ,&r ,lepaute1 prov$ ! tru?fulness ( h] boa/40 ,footnote #aj3 ,p]ihelion ab\t ,febru>y1 #aihf4 ,! comet probably w be fir/ se5 dur+ ! spr+ ( #aife4 ,footnote #aa3 ,x is n[ ?\ght t ! temp]ature ( su* small bodies w nev] h be5 high en\gh to call !m suns4 ,edd+ton says a mass "o-eigh? ( t ( ! sun w\ld be requir$ = ?is4 ,footnote #ab3 ,p]turbations w make v great *anges 9 ! orbits4 ,! p]ihelion di/ance ( ,pons-,w9necke has increas$ tw5ty million miles or m 9 ! pa/ sixty ye>s4 ,footnote #ac3 ,rec5t pap]s t5d to ! conclusion t ! trans=mation f giants to dw>fs is v sl[4 ,jeans & ,jeffreys bo? ?9k t ! *ange 9 ! sun 9 #a1jjj million ye>s has be5 slight4 ,footnote #ad3 ,on r>e occasions meteors h fall5 on h\ses1 z 9 ! case ( ! ,/ra?more meteorite1 photograph$ by ,h4 ,coates4 ,he also took a photograph ( ,ou? ,lodge1 ,kei?ick1 on :i* ! meteorite fell1 ,decemb] #c1 #aiag4 ,x made a hole 9 ! ro( ( ! h\se4 ,! own]s !re(1 ,mr4 & ,mrs4 ,hill1 are includ$ 9 ! photograph1 :i* 0 s5t to ! writ] by ,mr4 ,w4 ,e4 ,d5n+4 ---------------------------------------- -------------------------------- ,,transcrib]',s ,,notes ,page ,*ang$ f ,*ang$ to #acg w\ld approa* ! comet ) w\ld approa* ! planet ) retrograde retrograde ,typos fix$2 non-/&>d spell+ & dialect reta9$4 ,us$ numb]s = footnotes1 plac+ !m all at ! end ( ! la/ *apt]4 ,enclos$ italics font 9 und]scores4