,,piet] ,,bruegel ,,! ,,eld]3 ,a ,,/udy ,,( ,,8 ,,pa9t+s ,illu/ration3 ,,hunt]s ,,9 ,,! ,,sn[ 7,,detail7 ,,piet] ,,bruegel ,,! ,,eld] ,a ,,/udy ,,( ,,8 ,,pa9t+s ,,by ,,virgil ,,b>k] ,,new ,,york ,,! ,,arts ,,publi%+ ,,corporation #aibf ,,copyright1 #aibf ,,by ,,! ,,arts ,,publi%+ ,,corporation ,,pr9t$ ,,9 ,,! ,,unit$ ,,/ates ,,( ,,am]ica ,note ,mo/ ( ! mat]ial includ$ 9 ?is book 0 orig9ally publi%$ 9 a special ,bruegel edition ( ,! ,arts4 ,mr4 ,b>k]'s essay met ) su* imm$iate success t 9 ord] to meet ! dem& ! editor decid$ to increase ! numb] ( illu/rations & publi% ,mr4 ,b>k]'s notewor?y essay 9 p]man5t =m4 ,comp>atively little has be5 writt5 9 ,engli% on ,piet] ,bruegel ! ,eld]1 no?+ 9 fact except a few pass+ magaz9e articles4 ,at ! reque/ ( ! arti/s ,! ,arts und]took to supply ?is want4 ,9 select+ ,mr4 ,b>k] to c>ry out ?is important "w ,! ,arts 0 p>ticul>ly =tunate4 ,besides be+ an ard5t /ud5t ( ! g5ius ( ,bruegel1 ! au?or1 9 ! c\rse ( 8 duties z ,european correspond5t ( ,! ,arts1 0 able to c>ry on ! special rese>* necess>y to give p]man5t value to ! foll[+ essay4 ,=bes ,watson4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,conv]sion ,,( ,,sa9t ,,paul 7,,detail7 ,,piet] ,,bruegel ,,! ,,eld] ,a ,,/udy ,,( ,,8 ,,pa9t+s ,aside f ! evid5ce ( ! sign$ & frequ5tly dat$ pr9ts1 draw+s & pa9t+s1 few ?+s are c]ta9ly kn[n ab\t ! life & p]sonality ( ,piet] ,bruegel ! ,eld]4 ,almo/ all ( ^!1 su* z !y are1 occur 9 a brief passage conc]n+ him1 writt5 ab\t ?irty ye>s aft] 8 dea?1 9 8,! ,book ( ! ,pa9t]s0 by ,c>el ,van ,m&]4 ,h]e9 is no m5tion ( ! date ( ,bruegel's bir?2 ev5 ! place ( x1 despite a seem+ def9it5ess1 rema9s 9 "s obscurity4 ,8 biograph] says t ! pa9t] 0 born 8n f> f ,br$a1 9 a village call$ ,breughel1#a by :i* "n he call$ himself & left x to 8 desc5dants40 ,! village ( t "n ne>e/ to ,br$a is tw5ty-five miles away2 & z di/ances w5t 9 ! sixte5? c5tury1 ?is seems h>dly to be bridg$ by ,van ,m&]'s easy phrase4 ,z = ! ye>1 ! guesses ( ! s*ol>s range all ! way f #aeaj to #aecj1 ! mo/ widely accept$ "o be+ #aebe4 ,any clos] det]m9ation ( x is a matt] ( comp>ative unimportance 9 its possible effect on ! p]iod ( actual productiv5ess1 s9ce ?is is v satisfactorily cov]$ by tru/wor?y dates4 #a ,!re are sev]al diff]5t ways ( spell+ ?is "n1 ea* hav+ "s degree ( au?ority2 b s f> z conc]ns ! pa9t] himself1 ! decid+ fact is t ! signatures n[ visible on ! pa9t+s 7ab\t tw5ty 9 numb]7 consi/5tly adh]e to ,,brvegel4 ,& :atev] ! exact ye> may h be51 x _h n be5 long be=e :5 = ,europeans ! geographical _w _h be5 sudd5ly enl>g$ z a sort ( mat]ialization ( ! imm$iately prec$+ enl>gem5t ( m9d4 ,! succession ( discov]ies--( ,am]ica2 ( ,india & ! true ,indies2 ( ,sumatra1 ,java & ,borneo2 &1 two hundr$ & fifty ye>s aft] ,m>co ,polo1 ( ,*9a--7 only ! work+ on ano!r plane ( ! ess5tially explor+ _s :i* _h be5 previ\sly manife/$ by ! s*ol>s1 sci5ti/s & arti/s ( ! ,e>ly ,r5aissance4 ,national unity on a fre% basis _h be5 realiz$ 9 ,spa9 ?r\gh ! expulsion ( ! ,moors1 & 9 bo? ,france & ,engl& "u absolute mon>*ies :i* 7 head$1 at ! "t ( ,bruegel's bir?1 by ,francis ,i & ,h5ry ,,viii4 ,ab\t t "t1 also1 ,magellan 0 circumnavigat+ ! globe & ,cortez 0 conqu]+ ,mexico2 ,leon>do & ,raphael 7 dy+1 & %ortly aft] !m w5t ,c>paccio1 ,leo ,x & ,signorelli4 ,m>t9 ,lu!r1 prea*+ ! ,re=mation 9 ,g]many1 0 ?us initiat+ a movem5t ( ru9\s significance = ,bruegel's homel&2 = !re ! cause ( religi\s lib]ty1 gradually coalesc+ ) t ( political indep5d5ce1 0 to meet ) ! t]rible repressions begun by ! newly elect$ ,emp]or1 ,*>les ,qu9t1 :o 0 already by inh]itance "l ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,dur+ all ?is p]iod ( f]m5t & reori5tation = ! ,european m9d1 ,antw]p1 :]e ,bruegel 0 to sp5d mo/ ( 8 life1 0 "o ( ! mo/ important ( all ports4 ,situat$ 9 :at 0 !n ! mo/ d5sely populat$ region ( ,europe1 x _h 9 its own h\ses a hundr$ ?\s& p]sons2 & ( ^! m ?an a t5? 7 =eign]s--,g]man m]*ants1 ,italian s*ol>s1 ,portuguese ,jews1 ,fr5* ,hugu5ots1 ,engli% sailors & ! soldi]s ( ,spa94 ,f>-j\rney$ vessels br\ght to x ! spices & ri* /uffs1 ! metal-"w & /range animals ( di/ant l&s2 & _! seam5 _h tales to tell ( ?+s f> (f t[>ds ! exp&+ horizons ( ! _w4 ,9 ?is com=table & prosp]\s city1 :]e ! %>p dem>cations betwe5 classes preval5t 9 o!r c\ntries 7 blurr$ almo/ into a real democracy ( ! b\rgeois1 e fre% discov]y & important ev5t _h its rep]cussion 9 ! g5]al consci\sness4 ,antw]p 0 ?us a natural c5t] ( activity = ! religi\s propag&a & disputation :i* =m$ s l>ge & s tragic an elem5t 9 ! life ( ! sixte5? c5tury2 cre$s ( all sorts readily f\nd adh]5ts among its v>i$ & impressionable populace4 ,lu!ranism 0 s /rongly advocat$ by ! conv5t ( ,augu/9ian monks t its inmates 7 disp]s$1 aft] ! execution ( two among !m1 & its build+s raz$4 ,?\gh ! t]rorism ( ! ,inquisitor ,van d] ,hul/ & 8 prie/ly successors impos$ sil5ce on _m1 !re 7 op5 prea*+s z well z cl&e/9e meet+s1 & riots 9 :i* religion-fr5zi$ wom5 7 among ! bolde/2 & ) all ! burn+s ( ! books1 ) all ! imprisonm5ts & ! br&+s1 ! full p5alties ( ! imp]ial edicts c\ld h>dly be en=c$ by ^? :o 7 consci\s t su* en=cem5t w\ld de/roy ! pr9cipal s\rce ( ! ,emp]or's prec>i\s rev5ue4 ,ev5 ! an>*y ( ,anabaptism1 p]secut$ by ,ca?olic & ,prote/ant alike1 made headway ?r\gh ! m>tyrdom ( its believ]s2 & f #aedd1 almo/ ! v ye> :5 ! "y ,piet] ,bruegel comm5c$ 8 appr5tice%ip1 ! new sect>ianism ( ,calv9 ent]$ ! city & grew rapidly 9 /r5g?4 ,illu/ration3 ,,big ,,fi% ,,eat ,,little ,,ones 7,,draw+74 #aeef4 ,,vi5na1 ,,alb]t9a ,:ile he 0 gr[+ up1 ! ,engli% & ! ,fr5* 7 subdu+ ! ,nor? ,am]ican cont95t & 9 ! ,&es ,piz>ro 0 rifl+ ! weal? ( ,p]u2 ,rome 0 be+ pillag$ by ! ,g]mans2 ,h5ry ,,viii 0 f9ally repudiat+ ,ca?olicism & ,ignatius ( ,loyola 0 9 a way belat$ly reply+ to ,lu!r by organiz+ ! ,society ( ,jesuits2 ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace1 ! ,fr5* *ateaux & ! palaces ( ,v5ice 7 be+ built2 ,erasmus1 ,dr]1 ,ma*iavelli1 ,lu9i1 ,ario/o1 ,correggio di$4 ,z yet unconsci\s ( su* ev5ts & su* p]sonages1 p]haps ignorant ( ! ne>] dea?s ( ,qu5t9 ,matsys & ,lucas van ,leyd51 ! y\? ( nameless family 0 liv+ a peasant among peasants--& a g5ius 9 ! mak+--%>+ to full _! labori\s1 roi/]+ life4 ,h>d dr9k]s & heavy eat]s1 !y 7 mu* giv5 to fea/s & fairs2 m>riages1 baptisms1 ev5 dea?s 7 = !m occasions = celebrations z excessive z ! labor f :i* !y ?us escap$4 ,_! animal frankness & co>se gaiety blew l a gale ( rude heal? ov] all _! activities4 ,f life itself1 f ! small ev5ts 9 a remote village ( ! ,camp9e1 ,bruegel absorb$ ! great sane grossness :i* n[ seems buri$ 9 ! books ( 8 day4 ,br++ ) him ! peasant vitality :i* 0 to develop into a l(ty philosophic human5ess1 he came to ,antw]p &1 a y\? approa*+ 8 tw5tie? ye>1 became an appr5tice to ! celebrat$ ,piet] ,coeck4 ,p>acelsus1 ,cop]nicus & ,holbe9 _h j di$2 ,bruegel _h h>dly le>n$ to gr9d 8 colors :5 ,fr5* ,francis & ,engli% ,h5ry foll[$ !m1 ev5 z _! sometime enemy1 sometime ally1 ,*>les1 0 bloodily b only tempor>ily settl+ religi\s que/ions at ,mhlb]g4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,la/ ,,judgm5t 7,,draw+74 #aeeh4 ,,vi5na1 ,,alb]t9a ,illu/ration3 ,a ,,village ,,w$d+4 ,,philadelphia1 ,,johnson ,,collection ,f 8 fir/ ma/] ,bruegel mu/ h receiv$ some:at m ?an a m]ely te*nical tra9+1 good z t probably 04 ,coeck _h be5 = f\r ye>s ! pupil ( ,b]n>d van ,orley & _h lat] /udi$ 9 ,rome2 9 8 own "w aft]w>ds he reli$ to su* an ext5t ^u ! =mulas !n work$ out t all ( x n[ seems borr[$2 b ! precepts t he w\ld pass on to an appr5tice c\ld n dull or conv5tionalize s =ceful a nature z ,bruegel's4 ,( m significance 9 ! developm5t ( su* a nature mu/ h be5 ! /ories ( f> c\ntries t 7 told1 add+ to 8 k & /imulat+ 8 imag9ation2 = ,coeck _h sp5t ! ye> ( #aecc 9 ! ,con/ant9ople ( ,suleiman ! ,magnific5t & _h be5 "o ( ! ent\rage ( ,*>les on 8 exp$ition to ,tunis 9 #aech4 ,pa9t] to ! ,emp]or & ,dean ( ! ,guild ( ,sa9t ,luke1 ,piet] ,coeck di$ 9 #aeej4 ,!n or be=e ,bruegel pass$ ov] to ! "w-%op ( ,j]ome ,cock1 :o 0 n s mu* a pa9t] z a deal] 9 pictures & a publi%] ( popul> pr9ts4 ,8 e/abli%m5t 80 c]ta9ly ! r5dezv\s ( all ! arti/s & all ! amateurs ( ,antw]p & ev5 f abroad4 ,r5d]$ 9 engrav+1 ! great] numb] ( exi/+ ma/]pieces w\ld pass "u ! eyes ( ! att5tive ,bruegel40 7,b]n>d3 p4 #eh47 ,! v %op-"n1 8,at ! ,sign ( ! ,f\r ,w9ds10 symboliz$ ! range ( influ5ces t play$ ov] him1 ! sights & tales t pass$ into 8 consci\sness2 & = ,bruegel ^! ?+s c\ld be only s _m m incitem5ts to j\rney into ! _w & see x all = himself4 ,!re=e x is n surpris+ t1 aft] he _h complet$ 8 appr5tice%ip & be5 receiv$ into ! pa9t]'s guild1 9 #aeea1 he %\ld set out ^u 8 travels4 ,su* a trip 9 ^? days 0 no light und]tak+4 ,all fronti]s 7 insecure s9ce ! w>s betwe5 ,*>les & ,francis = cont95tal dom9ation2 = little or no?+ soldi]s turn$ into robb]s4 ,van ,m&] m5tions nei!r r\tes nor places1 writ+ only t ,bruegel 8w5t into ,france & f !re into ,italy40 ,ev5 ! draw+s n[ pres]v$ af=d no positive in=mation z to ! way he w5t--a circum/ance :i* might be int]pret$ to mean t already he 0 int]e/$ less 9 tell+ :at a specific place look$ l ?an 9 r5d]+ ! emotional effect ( nature ^u himself4 ,b two designs n[ pres]v$ z et*+s are sign$ & dat$ at ,rome 9 #aeec1 & !re is a draw+ ( ! ,ripa ,gr&e :i* appe>s to h be5 done on ! spot4 ,! pr9t ( a naval battle engrav$ by ,huys & publi%$ by ,cock aft] ,bruegel's return to ,antw]p indicates t he w5t z f> s\? z ,mess9a4 ,illu/ration3 ,,danc+ ,,peasant4 ,,! ,,hague1 ,,van ,,valk5burg ,,collection ,:5 he pass$ ?r\gh ,france1 ,franois ,cl\et & ,g]ma9 ,pilon 7 practis+ _! art ( tepid grace2 :5 he rea*$ ,rome1 ! ,si/9e ,*apel pa9t+s _h be5 complet$1 b n ! *ur* ( ,sa9t ,pet]4 ,at ! height ( _! work+ p[]s 7 ,mi*elangelo1 ,titian1 ,pale/r9a1 ,palladio2 & ,b5v5uto ,cell9i 0 d\bl+ 9 ! roles ( arti/ & b&it4 ,!re is no pro( t ,bruegel _h any contact ) ^! m52 t he ev5 saw _! works is record$ nei!r 9 words nor 9 ! pa9t+s by :i* he lives today 9 _! company4 ,x is c]ta9ly reasonable1 h[ev]1 to suppose t ! fame ( 8 contempor>ies _h n only rea*$ him b actually play$ a "p 9 p]suad+ him to 8 long wayf>+4 ,?\gh /ill 9 8 tw5ties1 he ev5 !n _h suffici5tly a m9d ( 8 own to avoid ! mi/ake ( 8 pr$ecessors1 :o _h gone s\? specifically to copy & imitate ! /yles ( ! ,italian pa9t]s4 ,9 _! j\rney+ !y 7 foll[+ a fa%ion1 do+ some?+ because o!rs 7 do+ x2 ,bruegel's urge 0 bo? deep] & broad]1 z 8 g5ius 04 ,yes1 ! arti/ic1 ! pr(essional1 motive mu/ h _h mu* to d ) s5d+ him to ,italy1 b ! only way ( express+ ! sum total ( ! desires t und\bt$ly animat$ him is to say t he mu/ h crav$ m life4 8,= to admire an' = to see1 ,= to be'old ?is _w s wide0-- no motive less compreh5sive ?an ?is c\ld h mov$ him4 ,he 0 a great arti/ 9 ! mak+1 b he 0 ev5 m a man ?an an arti/2 = him ! art ( o!r m5 c\ld be only a "p1 & n ! mo/ important "p1 ( ! all-inclusive exp]i5ce ( :i* he 0 9 se>*4 ,only su* a conception ( 8 p]sonality c acc\nt = ! failure ( ! ,italian ma/]pieces to influ5ce him !n or !reaft] & 8 own imm$iate & life-long preoccupation ) ! entire range ( nature & ( human life4 ,moreov]1 s mu* c be inf]r$ f ,van ,m&]'s only o!r ref]5ce to ?is mom5t\s trip1 a ref]5ce :i* takes ! =m ( report+ somebody else's rem>k t 8444 9 ! ,alps he swall[$ all ! rocks & m\nta9s1 to return home & vomit !m out on pa9t+-bo>d & canvas44440 #b4 ,t[>ds ! end ( #aeec1 n long aft] ! dea?s ( ,rabelais & ,lucas ,crana*1 ,bruegel 0 back 9 ,antw]p4 ,he aga9 became affiliat$ ) ! %op ( ,j]ome ,cock1 b n[ z a sort ( collaborator1 mak+ draw+s = _m plates to be engrav$ by o!rs & publi%$ by ! %op4 ,z a successful bus9ess man ) an eye to ! m>ket1 ,cock's specialties 7 l&scapes ( all types & grotesqu]ies 9 ! mann] ( ,j]ome ,bos*1 dead ?irty-five ye>s be=e1 ^: works 7 a m9e ( motives = exploitation4 ,! =m] appr5tice prov$ to be an ev5 great] s\rce ( rev5ue & popul>ity = 8,! ,f\r ,w9ds02 he %>$ completely 9 ! contempor>y ta/e s]v$ by ! %op & = sev]al ye>s devot$ himself entirely to new & increas+ly inv5tive compositions 9 ea* g5re4 ,illu/ration3 ,,/udy ,,= ,a 8,,battle ,,betwe5 ,,fat ,,& ,,lean40 #aeeh8 ,,cop5hag51 ,,royal ,,collection ,! pure l&scapes ( ?is p]iod fall into two v di/9ct divisions--! small1 intimate ones & ! l>ge1 composite ones4 ,among ! fir/ sort ^? ( su* obvi\sly picturesque ?+s z ru9s are less int]e/+1 seem less realiz$1 ?an ^? depict+ ! homely commonplaces *>act]i/ic ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries4 ,an indef9ite & puddl$ village /reet1 a *ur* set among trees1 ! hybrid ruralness :]e t[n & c\ntry meet--! build+s & small figures r5d]$ 9 a clean1 unwav]+ l9e & ! mass$ multitude ( leaves giv5 )\t a sup]flu\s or unmean+ scribble--^! ?+s1 convey$ ) su* imm$iacy by ! free & s5sitive p5-"w1 become %>p-edg$ & lose _! bloom ?r\gh ! int]position ( ! engrav]'s h&4 ,?\gh 8 return gave him to see all ! littl5esses ab\t him ) ! fre%ness ( a fir/ enc\nt]1 x did n make him =get ! m\nta9s :i* _h /ruck s deeply into 8 m9d2 & he compos$ a :ole s]ies ( l>ge1 ,lat9-titl$ designs 9 :i* ! f> & l[ horizons ( home 7 fabul\sly comb9$ ) ,alp9e /eeps4 ,9 ^! plates1 deep] ?an ! romanticism ( _! composite "*1 is an imm5se & sob] poetry :i* transpires ev5 ?r\gh ! h>dness ( ! engrav+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,battle ,,betwe5 ,,c>nival ,,& ,,l5t4 #aeei4 ,,vi5na1 ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,battle ,,betwe5 ,,c>nival ,,& ,,l5t 7,,detail7 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,desc5t ,,( ,,*ri/ ,,into ,,limbo 7,,draw+74 #aefa8 ,,vi5na1 ,,alb]t9a ,"o pr9t1 dat$ ! v ye> ( 8 return1 a composition ( _m p skat+ j outside a city wall1 is obvi\sly bas$ on direct obs]vation & is ,bruegel's fir/ essay 9 ! reali/ic r5d]+ ( ! life ( cr[ds :i* 0 lat] to play s l>ge a "p 9 8 pa9t+2 b yet a:ile ! great] "p ( 8 labor w5t into a long succession ( droll]ies & diabolisms4 ,illu/ration3 ,,flemi% ,,prov]bs4 #aeei4 ,,b]l91 ,,kais] ,,fri$ri* ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,*ildr5',s ,,games4 #aefj4 ,,vi5na1 ,,museum ,x is 9 connection ) ?is "p1 & ?is "p only1 ( 8 life-"w t !re arises any necessity ( discuss+ ! influ5ce ( ano!r pa9t] on ,bruegel4 ,van ,m&] treats ! matt] ?us3 8,he practis$ mu* 9 ! mann] ( ,j]ome ,bos* & us$ to make _m su* gobl9 pictures & droll]ies1 = :i* he 0 call$ by _m ,piet] ! ,droll40 ,! biograph] "h record$ ! g5]al contempor>y e/imate :i*1 ?\gh x is n[ se5 to fall f> %ort ( ! tru?1 0 surely natural en\gh1 s9ce 9 8 own day ,bruegel 0 popul>ly kn[n by ! widely circulat$ pr9ts r ?an by ! unreproduc$ pa9t+s4 ,! ,big & ,little ,fi% ( #aeef is directly f ,bos*1 & t 8 _s & 8 mann] did h an influ5ce ^u ,bruegel is n to be d5i$4 ,b su* influ5ce z ,bos* did ex]t ^u ! man :o _h return$ f ,italy un9flu5c$ 0 possible only because !y %>$ 9 a racial /reak :i* c be trac$ back ( !m into ! ,middle ,ages4 ,! quality t all[$ ,bruegel to be influ5c$ by ,bos* at all w\ld h manife/$ itself 9 ,bruegel's art ev5 if ,bos* _h nev] liv$4 ,moreov]1 ,bos*'s art 0 limit$ almo/ to ?is "o type ( subject-matt]1 :]eas ,bruegel's art soon develop$ o!r & f> m important *>act]i/ics :i* ov]%ad[$ )\t oblit]at+ ?is elem5t ( grotesqu]ie4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fall ,,( ,,! ,,rebel ,,angels4 #aefb4 ,,brussels1 ,,museum ,= ! "t be+1 h[ev]1 x _h free re9 9 a s]ies ( ,vices & num]\s sep>ate plates su* z ,! ,ass at ,s*ool1 ,! ,sorc]]1 ,! ,m]*ant ,robb$ by ,monkeys4 ,9 ^! pr9ts !re are1 9 addition1 a ma/]y ( design1 an inv5tiv5ess ( detail & a conv9c+ness ( outl&i% imag9ation t f> surpass ,bos*'s mo/ ambiti\s ef=ts4 ,a little ( ^! qualities is to be disc]n$ 9 ! two draw+s ( ,! ,la/ ,judgm5t & ,*ri/ 9 ,limbo2 & !y also display ,bruegel's entire lack ( any my/ical f]vor1 :i* w\ld h imp>t$ "s sort ( impressiv5ess to 8 ,*ri/s4 ,?is negative trait 9 ,bruegel1 :i* is ! exact obv]se ( ! sort ( human5ess :i* made him great1 is fur!r %[n 9 ! s]ies ( ,virtues1 also ( ?is p]iod2 al?\gh ^! occasionally exhibit a high degree ( skill 9 h&l+ complex gr\p+s1 !y are :at pr(essionaliz$ virtues are apt to be--t$i\s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,battle ,,betwe5 ,,! ,,israelites ,,& ,,! ,,phili/9es4 #aefb ,,or #aefc4 ,,vi5na1 ,,museum ,midway 9 ?is prosp]\s & f]tile "t ( developm5t ! ,emp]or ,*>les1 tak5 ) ! notion ( enjoy+ all ! b5efits ( be+ dead :ile yet alive1 p>tition$ ! empire betwe5 8 bro!r & 8 son1 & himself retir$ 9 /ate to a mona/]y 9 ,spa94 ,f ?is hav51 free ( gov]nm5tal responsibilities1 he 0 able1 ?r\gh 8 dutiful son ,philip1 to in/igate increas+ly sev]e measures ( religi\s & political repression = ! p ( ! nor!rn l[l&s4 ,yet su* ?+s did n affect ! p]sonal lib]ty ( ,bruegel1 :o 0 ma9ta9+ an irregul> e/abli%m5t describ$ by ,van ,m&] 9 ! foll[+ anecdote3 8,z long z he liv$ 9 ,antw]p1 he kept h\se ) a s]vant-girl1 :om he might h m>ri$ _h x n mis=tun$ him t %e 0 always tell+ lies1 a ?+ repugnant to 8 love ( tru?4 ,he made an agreem5t or contract ) h] t he %\ld m>k all h] lies on a /ick--& he took a pretty long "o--& :5 ! /ick %\ld be full ( m>ks ! m>riage %\ld be (f2 :i* !n happ5$ be=e mu* "t _h pass$40 ,illu/ration3 ,,head ,,( ,,an ,,old ,,peasant ,,woman4 #aefd8 ,,muni*4 ,,alte ,,p9ako!k ,m important is :at ,van ,m&] tells u ( a fri5d%ip3 8,he work$ mu* = a m]*ant nam$ ,hans ,frank]t1 an admirable & excell5t man1 :o f\nd pleasure 9 kn[+ ,bruegel & 0 ) him :ole days at a "t4 ,) ?is man ,frank]t1 ,bruegel (t5 w5t among ! peasants1 to fairs & m>riages1 bo? dress$ l peasants2 & !y took pres5ts l ! o!rs1 j z if !y belong$ to ! family or acqua9tance ( ! bride or ! bridegroom4 ,"h ,bruegel f\nd 8 pleasure 9 obs]v+ ! mann]s ( ! peasants 9 eat+1 dr9k+1 danc+1 jump+1 lov+ & o!r fun-mak+2 :i* ?+s he !n v skilfully & c>efully r5d]$ aga9 9 colors1 9 wat]-color z well z 9 oil1 9 bo? :i* m$iums he 0 extraord9>ily tal5t$40 ,!n ,van ,m&] proce$s to /ress ! fai?fulness & accuracy ( ,bruegel's peasant pictures 9 ! details ( co/umes & movem5ts4 ,9 %ort1 ,bruegel _h begun to pa9t4 ,! e>lie/ dat$ pa9t+1 ,twelve ,flemi% ,prov]bs1 is int]e/+ only because ( its connection ) ,bruegel2 its relative clums9ess ( execution & utt]ly unpictorial conception z a :ole r5d] x v likely ! fir/ ( 8 attempts 9 a new m$ium4 ,h[ev]1 ?is picture & ! o!rs t mu/ be gr\p$ imm$iately ) x m>k ! def9ite em]g5ce ( :at 0 !nce=w>d to be 8 pr$om9ant int]e/--! life ( ! peasants1 betwe5 :om & himself !re exi/$ ! unbreakable bonds ( a common orig9 & a common de/9y4 ,?us he began at once to pa9t 9 accordance ) ! dictates ( 8 ess5tially reali/ic g5ius1 b ! fir/ works ( capital importance /ill reta9 a l>ge admixture ( ! fanta/ic _s :i* _h be5 runn+ riot 9 8 rec5t designs = ! engrav+s4 ,^! two pictures are ! ,c>nival & ,l5t & ! ,flemi% ,prov]bs 9 ,b]l91 bo? ( ! ye> #aeei2 9 bo? fantasy is made conv9c+ ?r\gh reali/ic treatm5t1 j z ! ,van ,eycks & ,rog] ,van d] ,weyd5 _h made conv9c+ _! religi\s idealism1 ,bruegel's diff]5ce f !m be+ simply a diff]5ce ( subject-matt] & a /ill great] reliance ^u reali/ic skill = its own sake4 ,9 ! ,*ildr5's ,games ( ! next ye> !re occurs ! fir/ complete union on a great scale ( realism 9 bo? matt] & mann]2 & two ye>s lat]1 ) ! ,fall ( ! ,rebel ,angels1 a recurr5ce 9 greatly int5sifi$ =m ( ! comb9ation betwe5 fanta/ic idea & reali/ic treatm5t4 ,?is la/ pa9t+1 cr$it$ to ,j]ome ,bos* himself until ! discov]y ( ,bruegel's signature1 is inf9itely sup]ior 9 conception & execution to any?+ by ! e>li] man1 & w\ld alone rank its creator z a great pa9t]2 yet ! greatness x conf]s ^u its mak] is n ! k9d t is mo/ truly ,bruegel's4 ,?r\gh all ^! pa9t+s ( ! ,antw]p p]iod !re runs a rapidly increas+ te*nical skill--9 draw+1 color & design--until ! la/ picture t c\ld possibly h be5 done be=e 8 removal to ,brussels1 ! ,israelites & ,phili/9es1 is = m9ute workman%ip a _w's wond]4 ,on a small panel ab\t ?irte5 by tw5ty-two in*es ,bruegel has put sev]al hundr$ human be+s1 ! l>ge/ ( :om is less ?an two & "o-half in*es1 9 a l&scape sett+ ( great beauty1 all done 9 su* detail t "o c c\nt ! spots on ! giraffes f> away across ! riv]--& all se5 ) s c>eful a reg>d = values & design t x is a satisfactory picture f :atev] di/ance x is reg>d$1 its details m]g+ into ! l>g] relations z "o views x f fur!r (f4 ,craftsman%ip ( ?is type 9 pa9t+ c g no f>!r4 ,illu/ration3 8,,dulle ,,griet40 #aefd4 ,,antw]p1 ,,van ,,d5 ,,b]gh ,,collection #c4 ,! cause ( 8 leav+ ,antw]p 0 8 m>riage1 :i* took place 9 #aefc4 ,8 *oice _h fall5 ^u ! daught] ( 8 fir/ ma/]1 ,piet] ,coeck4 ,twice dur+ 8 brief notice on ,bruegel1 ,van ,m&] ref]s to ! fact t 8he _h1 :ile %e 0 /ill small1 (t5 c>ri$ h] 9 8 arms40 ,h] "m1 aft] ! fa!r's dea?1 _h remov$ to ,brussels & !re successfully engag$ 9 h] own pr(ession ( m9iature pa9t+2 9 cons5t+ to ! m>riage %e 8/ipulat$ t ,bruegel %\ld leave ,antw]p & settle d[n 9 ,brussels1 9 ord] t he might efface =m] love-affairs f 8 eyes & 8 m9d40 ,9 ?is m>riage 0 ! beg9n+ ( :at has be5 well call$ ! ,bruegel dyna/y4 ,! two sons produc$ copies & v>iations ( _! fa!r's pa9t+s 9 su* abundance t x is an exceptional picture gall]y 9 ,europe :i* does n boa/ its 8,breughel le ,vieux02 & ^! sons 9 _! turn fa!r$ a doz5 m pa9t]s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,t[] ,,( ,,babel4 #aefc4 ,,vi5na1 ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,c>ry+ ,,( ,,! ,,cross4 #aefd4 ,,vi5na1 ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,c>ry+ ,,( ,,! ,,cross 7,,detail7 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,c>ry+ ,,( ,,! ,,cross 7,,detail7 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,adoration ,,( ,,! ,,k+s4 #aefd4 ,,london1 ,,national ,,gall]y ,b ( !m all1 none approa*$ ! greatness ( _! orig9al1 ^: six ye>s ( m>ri$ life 7 fill$ by ! creation ( ma/]pieces--( reali/ic obs]vation 9 ! ,w$d+ ,fea/ & ! ,peasant ,dance2 ( %e] imag9ation 9 ! ,dulle ,griet & ! ,triumph ( ,dea?2 ( n>rative p[] 9 ! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts2 ( ! pure/ pictorialism 9 ! ,conv]sion ( ,paul2 ( ! indescribable ,c>ry+ ( ! ,cross2 ( realism1 imag9ation1 emotion & ?\ght m]g$ into ! l>ge h>monies ( t great s]ies ( five pa9t+s1 ! ,mon?s4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,misan?rope4 #aefe4 ,,naples1 ,,national ,,museum ,:ile he 0 a*iev+ all ?is ord]$ beauty ( art1 ! disord]s ( ! life ar\nd him 7 increas+ at a fatally rapid pace4 ,9 ,gh5t a mob sack$ ! ,abbey ( ,sa9t ,pet] &1 made drunk by ! w9e ( its cell>s & ! intoxication ( de/ructiv5ess1 ran sma%+ly at l>ge ?r\gh ! city4 ,9 ,antw]p ano!r mob totally de/roy$ ! ri* & fam\s *ur* ( ,notre ,dame4 ,conflicts multipli$ betwe5 ,ca?olics & ,prote/ants1 betwe5 civilians & soldi]s2 b&s ( =eign m]c5>ies c\rs$ ?r\gh ! c\ntry & op5 t[ns4 ,! ,duke ( ,alva's execution fires ca/ lurid lights ^u ! ru9 & decimation ( :at _h once be5 ! mo/ prosp]\s region ( ,europe4 ,( ,bruegel's own reactions to all ?is 8 biograph]1 writ+ at a "t :5 x 0 almo/ a well-=gott5 nightm>e1 makes no m5tion4 ,van ,m&]'s s+le s5t5ce ( direct *>act]ization is ?is3 8,he 0 a v quiet & skilful man1 :o spoke little b 0 sociable 9 society1 & lov$ to fright5 8 companions1 (t5 also 8 own pupils1 ) all k9ds ( gobl9 noises44440 ,?is does little to r\nd out ! portrait ( ,bruegel ! man1 = once m ! emphasis is ?r[n ^u t droll & amus+ side ( 8 nature :i* seems to h appeal$ mo/ to 8 own circle & !nce be5 transmitt$ to ,van ,m&]4 ,b t ,bruegel 0 int5sely aw>e ( ! trag$ies ab\t him is evid5t en\gh 9 8 works4 ,! ?+s he saw = himself are set d[n 9 su* pictures z ! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts1 yet ) su* an all-suffic+ objectiv5ess t x requires an ef=t ( m9d to realize t t v conv9c+ness comes f 8 hav+ felt ! tragic reality he records4 ,b x is impossible to escape f ! ov]:elm+ly p]sonal quality ( ! ?\ghts set =? 9 ! hell-m\? horrors ( ! ,dulle ,griet & ! apocalyptic t]rors ( ! ,triumph ( ,dea?4 ,moreov]1 ,van ,m&] writes t ,bruegel _h made _m o!r 8inv5tions0 :i* 7 8s satirical & mordant t on 8 dea?-b$ he ord]$ !m burnt by 8 wife1 ei!r f rep5tance or f fe> t 8 wife w\ld get into tr\ble on acc\nt ( !m40 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,prov]b ,,( ,,! ,,bird-,,ne/]4 #aefd-fe8 ,,vi5na1 ,,museum ,n _m mon?s be=e ?is happ5$ ! p ( ! ,l[ ,c\ntries comm5c$ _! f9al ef=t ( revolt :i* 0 to e/abli% _! fre$om n until elev5 ye>s lat]4 ,bruegel left a _w t 0 h>dly less black ?an ! dea? into :i* he desc5d$ ) op5 eyes4 ,at t v mom5t ,montaigne 0 sett+ ab\t to depict "o entire man ) a vision z v]aci\s z t ( ,bruegel2 ,c]vantes 0 soon to rival 9 words ,bruegel's p[] ( mak+ ! fanta/ic real2 & only =ty ye>s lat] ,%akespe>e 0 to accompli% a re-creation ( human life t is m complete ?an ,bruegel's simply because ! m$ium ( lit]ature itself p]mits a m compreh5sive embodim5t ( ! s\l ( man ?an is possible to ! m$ium ( pa9t4 ,& ! pa9t] :o m ?an any o!r kept close to life belongs 9 ! company ( ^! ?ree4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,triumph ,,( ,,dea?4 #aefe ,,or #aeff4 ,,madrid1 ,,prado ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,triumph ,,( ,,dea? 7,,detail7 #d4 ,! subject-matt] ( ,bruegel's great pa9t+s is limit$ only by ! _w & life4#b ,! :ole cycle ( nature is 9 !m--! seasons z !y pass ov] m\nta91 pla9 & mov+ wat]s2 ! dazzl+ beauty ( ! s\!rn sea1 ! nor!rn cold4 ,! entire range ( human life is 9 !m2 some:]e 9 ^! multitudes e emotion f9ds its expressive ge/ure4 ,ev5 all ! animals t are intimately a "p ( human life are giv5 9 _! degrees ( individuality4 ,^! pictures seem to set be=e ! eye e exp]i5ce possible to man4 #b ,! succe$+ rem>ks ^u ,bruegel's art & m9d1 disreg>d+ bo? ! m9or & ! debatable works1 are bas$ specifically ^u ! pa9t+s :i* are *>act]i/ically great4 ,always a tale is be+ told1 b always x is /ory-tell+ ( a v def9ite k9d4 ,x is nev] a cont9u\s n>rative ) a plot involv+ ! same *>act]s 9 diff]5t circum/ances4 ,?us ,bruegel 0 nev] oblig$ to arrange successive episodes ( ! same /ory )9 "o frame1 z ! old] pa9t]s _h done4 ,all ! ?+s t happ5 9 8 pa9t+s c\ld happ5--d happ5--j z he %[s !m1 at ! same "t & 9 j ! relation%ip to ea* o!r t he depicts4 ,he always obs]ves "t unity & pulls toge!r 8 weal? ( episode & by-play ?r\gh unity ( !me4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,triumph ,,( ,,dea? 7,,detail7 ,b on a giv5 !me1 at fir/1 he attempt$ to say ev]y?+ ?an c be said ab\t x4 ,! picture 9 ,b]l9 illu/rates sev5ty prov]bs2 ! ,*ildr5's ,games is said to conta9 e "o ( ! "o hundr$ & fifty-f\r v>ieties ( play li/$ by ,rabelais z ! games ( ,g>gantua2 ! ,t[] ( ,babel has be5 call$ a build]s' h&book2 ! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts app>5tly depicts e possible attitude ( p>5tal grief & fr5zy4 ,?is exub]ance ( episode1 ?is encyclop$ic n>rative utt]ance1 _h its lit]>y c\nt]p>t 9 ! book j m5tion$2 x 0 9 full accord ) ! ta/e ( ! "t1 & ,bruegel's p]sonal aptitude _h be5 fo/]$ & discipl9$ by 8 long succession ( draw+s = ! plates publi%$ by ,cock4 ,= ! pa9t+s ( ?is type he has ?\ght out e possible visual aspect ( 8 /ory-matt] & swept !m all into a unity ( design n less rem>kable ?an 8 unity ( !me4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,numb]+ ,,at ,,be?lehem4 #aeff4 ,,brussels1 ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,massacre ,,( ,,! ,,innoc5ts4 #aeff8 ,,vi5na1 ,,museum ,! a/\nd+ ?+ to be not$ j "h is ! complet5ess ) :i* su* an excessive am\nt ( anecdote is arrang$ into a function+ organism ( n>rative4 ,9 ! ,c>ry+ ( ! ,cross ! movem5t ( e "o ( ! five hundr$ figures1 ! v expression ( e face1 is det]m9$ by a completely organiz$ /ory-action4 ,all ! figures1 ev5 ! m9ute/ ones1 play _! p>ts 9 ! :ole design z su*2 b _! mom5t>y relations z human be+s1 equally complex1 h be5 ?\ght out & set d[n ) equal ?or\ghness4 ,e episode is a b>1 e ge/ure a note1 9 ,bruegel's or*e/rat$ n>rative4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,massacre ,,( ,,! ,,innoc5ts 7,,detail7 ,b o!r pa9t+s %[ t ,bruegel realiz$ ! fundam5tal weakness ( ?is--! weakness ( div]sity ( visual motive1 di/raction f ! pictorial :ole4 ,he exhibit$ a t5d5cy t[>ds ! elim9ation ( all side-play1 t[>ds ! r$uction ( subject-matt] to a s+le motive & a reliance ^u emotional unity = ! abid+ impression4 ,8 picture-mak+ is /ill /ory-tell+ 9 t some?+ happ5s 9 t]ms ( human action2 b x is a s+le & casual ev5t1 & ! ma9 int]e/ is %ift$ f ev5ts to design & color z ! expression ( mood4 ,9 ! ,mon?s he =got all ab\t n>rative complexity = its own sake1 fix$ 8 att5tion on ! pure pictorial beauty ( p & ( nature1 & s\ght only ! emotional mean+ ( 8 !me4 #e4 ,! nature ( ,bruegel's "w previ\s to tak+ up pa9t+ is writt5 at l>ge & 9 detail ov] 8 e>ly te*nical habits1 b 9 ^! also c be trac$ a developm5t correspond+ to ! *ange j not$ 9 subject-matt]4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,massacre ,,( ,,! ,,innoc5ts 7,,detail7 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fall ,,( ,,ic>us4 ,,brussels1 ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,conv]sion ,,( ,,sa9t ,,paul4 #aefg4 ,,vi5na1 ,,museum ,9 ! e>li] pictures color 9 g5]al is conceiv$ some:at z ! work] 9 mosaic is compell$ by 8 mat]ial to conceive x--z a weav+-toge!r ( brilliant bits ( pure color into a color design :i* is itself ?\ght out indep5d5tly ( o!r te*nical qualities4 ,!re is h>mony & ri*ness1 b !re is n t melt+ tonality :i* aft]w>ds came to be look$ ^u z ! la/ ^w 9 pa9t+4 ,above all else1 !re is an unbelievable brilliancy1 especially :]e ,bruegel made a lavi% use ( v]milion4 ,! *a9 ( soldi]s wov5 ?r\gh ! multitude 9 ! ,c>ry+ ( ! ,cross is "o ( ! mo/ d>+ ?+s to be f\nd 9 pa9t+2 b = g5]al sumptu\sness ( color approa*+ to ! fusion ( lat] times !re is1 outside ( ! ,mon?s1 no equal 9 ,bruegel's "w to ! ,conv]sion ( ,paul4 ,& always x is color us$ = its own sake1 ) great s5su\s delight4 ,yet always1 aga9 except+ ! ,mon?s1 x is color laid on to =m :i* has already be5 conceiv$ z draw+2 ! color1 sup]b 9 itself1 foll[s ! =m sup]bly2 b ! color & ! draw+ exi/ indep5d5tly ( "o ano!r4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,w9e ,,( ,,sa9t ,,m>t9 7,,fragm5t74 ,,vi5na1 ,,museum ,at ! beg9n+ ( 8 pa9t+ c>e] x 0 8 draw+ especially :i* 0 det]m9$ by 8 "w = ! engrav]s4 ,= ! mascul9e /yle ( engrav+ t prevail$ 9 8 day ! prep>atory draw+s _h to %[ absolute precision ( outl9e4 ,! edges ( ev]y?+ _h to be clean & unmi/akable 9 ord] t ! engrav] might "k :at 0 int5d$2 ! arti/ ( ! fir/ in/ance _h to make x impossible = ! engrav] to mi/ake 8 mean+ z to ?is cont\r or t %ape4 ,draw+ 9 ?is mann] = ye>s be=e he began to pa9t1 ,bruegel necess>ily cont9u$ to d s aft]w>ds4 ,?is acc\nts = ! prevail+ly silh\ette "* ( 8 multitudes ( t9y figures4 ,(t5-times1 ev5 f ! beg9n+1 ! =m t meets ! eye )9 ! %ape is sub/antially fill$ out )\t be+ accompani$ by ! feel+ ( all-ar\ndness2 b a full ?ree-dim5sional quality is m & m (t5 atta9$ until 9 ! ,paul1 aga91 x fills ! picture to a degree else:]e unequall$ 9 ,bruegel's "w4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,p>able ,,( ,,! ,,bl9d ,,m54 #aefh4 ,,naples1 ,,national ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,l& ,,( ,,cockaigne4 #aefg4 ,,muni*1 ,,alte ,,p9ako!k ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,cripples4 #aefh4 ,,p>is1 ,,l\vre ,b ano!r consequ5ce ( 8 e>ly pr(essional tra9+--& a consequ5ce :i* enabl$ him to accompli% "s ( 8 mo/ amaz+ feats--0 8 skill 9 composition4 ,8 tra9+ 9 draftsman%ip gave him ! p[] to r5d] exactly all details t contribute to individuality ( "*1 & ! simultane\s tra9+ 9 composition taught him h[ to arrange imm5se numb]s ( su* individualiz$ figures )\t loss ( mass unity4 ,0 x ! ,alp9e m\nta9-sides or m]ely ! upp] w9d[ ( a h\se on a village squ>e t sugge/$ to him ! device ( a slightly elevat$ viewpo9t8 ,x is ?is m ?an any?+ else t enables him to impose ^u 8 multitudes t ord] ( art by :i* may be express$ ! disord] ( life2 & x is ?is t gives him 8 long p]spectives ( village /reets or f> horizons dom9at$ by oblique l9es4 ,^! la/1 />kly visible at fir/ & gradually becom+ m brok5 & conceal$1 con/itute ! *>act]i/ic m>k ( ,bruegel ! design]4 ,b x is 9 design t !re is to be disc]n$ ! lea/ am\nt ( te*nical advance on ,bruegel's "p2 :at he le>n$ be=e he began to pa9t seems to h come ne>] to suffic+ him 9 design ?an 9 draw+ or 9 color4 ,8 composition s*eme 9 ! set ( ! ,mon?s is %ock+ly1 ?\gh int5tionally1 repetiti\s2 9 ! h&s ( a less vigor\s arti/ x mu/ quickly h become ! deade/ recipe4 ,he divides 8 panel into two practically equal p>ts by a bold diagonal f "o upp] corn] to ! opposite l[] "o2 "o ( ^! p>ts he fills ) ?+s & p se5 close at h&1 & ! o!r ) a f>-spread+ panorama4 ,& he does x five times ov] ) su* fre%ness t do+ x sev5 times m does n seem beyond 8 p[]s4 ,b ! design rema9s a patt]n1 conceiv$ 9 ! same way z ! l>ge composite l&scapes done soon aft] 8 return f ,rome4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,magpie ,,on ,,! ,,gall[s4 #aefh4 ,,d>m/adt1 ,,museum ,9 draw+ & color1 on ! o!r h&1 ! ,mon?s %[ a m>k$ dep>ture f e>li] habits 9 ! direction ( an ess5tially mod]n practice4 ,9 ! draw+ z su* !re is an increase 9 loos5ess ) no loss ( surety2 tightness is sacrific$1 b n precision4 ,! figures are /ill silh\ettes to a great ext5t1 b !re is an approa* to ! coalesc5ce ( color & draw+4 ,9 color by itself !re is ev] an opposition ( l>ge areas ( "s %ade ( br[n & "s %ade ( gre51 & a weav+ ( ^! areas toge!r by bits ( ea* color 9 ! o!r & ( o!r colors 9 bo?4 ,?\gh !re is nev] ! full impressioni/ic fus+ ( edges 9 atmosph]e1 !re is yet a decid$ approximation to ! vision ( a g5u9ely naturali/ic l&scape pa9t]1 z di/+ui%$ f ! vision ( a draftsman or a m9iaturi/4 ,:ile ?is is true1 & mu/ be acc\nt$ to ,bruegel z a m]it1 an evid5ce ( m5tal & te*nical gr[?1 x is /ill 9 a measure unfair to ! nev]-fail+ l>g5ess & unity ( vision 9 ! e>li] "w4 ,:e!r ! o!r qualities ( ?is "w be reg>d$ z m]its or defects 9 !mselves dep5ds1 ( c\rse1 ^u ! te*nical t5ets or pref]5ces ( him :o makes ! judgm5t4 ,b 9 ,bruegel !y 7 nei!r m]its nor defects2 !y 7 *>act]i/ics :i* _h to be pres5t 9 8 pictures if he pa9t$ at all4 ,!y 7 necessitat$ by ! "t 9 :i* he liv$ & by 8 pr(essional practice previ\s to pa9t+4 ,!y 7 z mu* a "p ( him z 8 fondness = tell+ /ories2 & 9 ! fluctuations ( ta/e /rang] ?+s h already happ5$ ?an w\ld be ! return ( ev5 ?is latt] elem5t to pr(essional z well z popul> favor4 ,illu/ration3 ,,w$d+ ,,fea/4 #aefh8 ,,vi5na1 ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,w$d+ ,,fea/ 7,,detail7 #f4 ,9 ,bruegel's "t /ory-tell+ 9 pictures g5]ally 0 /ill "o ( ! pr9cipal means ( communicat+ ideas--ev51 p]haps ma9ly1 ideas t 7 n inh]5tly pictorial2 pr9ts 7 /ill ! ne>e/ ?+s to books 9 popul> circulation4 ,moreov]1 a nation liv+ "u ! necessity ( nev] speak+ out op5ly on ei!r politics or religion naturally resort$ to symbol1 ! concrete prov]b or ! image t said "o ?+ & meant ano!r4 ,! pr9t ( ! big & little fi% n only meant t ! great oppress$ ! small b c>ri$ an idea beyond ! words ( ! prov]b 9 %[+ ! big fi% ripp$ up & disgorg+2 & ^u a p s apt at int]pret+ images ! significance ( t w\ld n be lo/4 ,?is p c\ld n only take a he>ty enjoym5t ( ! good ?+s ( life b !y c\ld also face ! :ole ( x )\t %r9k+ f any "p ( x1 :e!r ( grossness or ( t]ror4 ,= ! latt]1 inde$1 !y ev5 _h a gu/o & ! =m] !y laugh$ away ) a sav+ heal?9ess4 ,! di/+ui%+ m>k ( _! liv+ & _! ?9k+ 0 a robu/ realism4 ,illu/ration3 ,,peasant ,,dance4 #aefh8 ,,vi5na1 ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,peasant ,,dance 7,,detail7 ,9 ,piet] ,bruegel !re em]g$ f among !m a man ( g5ius 9 complete sympa?y ) _! reali/ic attitude t[>ds life2 kn[+ x f *ildhood1 he gave x 9 8 art a m complete expression ?an x _h ev] _h be=e4 ,! :ole orig9ality & f]tility ( 8 m9d 7 = long exp5d$ ^u fe$+ ! popul> ta/e n only = ! famili> or exotic beauty ( nature b also = a r\gh philosophy1 unorganiz$ b none ! less g5u9e2 & a habit s well e/abli%$ 9 him by ye>s ( labor w\ld n vani% all at once ev5 :5 m purely pa9t]-l int]e/s assum$ = him a major importance4 ,8 pr$ecessors 9 pa9t+ _h be5 reali/ic 9 _! measure2 9 !m1 h[ev]1 realism 0 l>gely conf9$ to details ( execution & 0 m ?an c\nt]balanc$ by m>k$ly ideali/ic conceptions4 ,ev5 9 ! grotesqu]ies ( ,bos* ! old] disp>ity betwe5 idea & embodim5t exi/$2 ! diabolism 9 !m 0 only ! obv]se ( ! conv5tional religi\s idealism1 & its di/ance f a true realism ( cont5t rema9$ ! same4 ,:5 ,bruegel came to pa9t+1 he bo? c>ri$ ! mann] ( realism f>!r ?an 8 pr$ecessors _h done & in=m$ t mann] ) its appropriately reali/ic matt]1 br++ ab\t a new h>mony betwe5 ! body & ! _s ( ! art4 ,he became ! fir/ complete reali/ 9 ! hi/ory ( pa9t+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,m>9e4 ,,vi5na1 ,,museum ,! ,fall ( ! ,rebel ,angels is ! ne>e/ ?+ to a rule-prov+ exception among ,bruegel's great works1 ! s+le "o :i* exhibits any ( ! old] disp>ity betwe5 conta9] & cont5t2 & ?is picture1 great z x is1 c\ld vani% )\t impair+ 9 ! lea/ ,bruegel's ess5tial greatness4 ,to exam9e ! ,b]l9 ,prov]bs 9 detail is to get a feel+ ( be+ among mad folks because s _m ( ! say+s "h illu/rat$ turn ^u outl&i% actions2 b z a picture x is a piece ( ma/]ly reali/ic sanity %[+ a :ole village1 9 :i* "s ( ! inhabitants happ5 to be crazy1 int5sely busy ab\t its own affairs4 ,! ,triumph ( ,dea?1 s f> f be+ a piece ( wild & gross fancy1 is actually ! lucid /atem5t ( an idea z true z any ge/ure 9 ! picture2 x is precisely ! rel5tlessness ( its realism 9 ?\ght z well z 9 embodim5t :i* fright5s p into call+ x untrue4 ,! latt] two pa9t+s only %[ t if an arti/ is reali/ en\gh1 if he p5etrates suffici5tly into ! actual1 he necess>ily becomes imag9ative2 !y only reit]ate & /r5g!n ,bruegel's "r to be consid]$ ! supreme reali/ 9 pa9t+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,flee+ ,,%eph]d4 #aefi8 ,,philadelphia1 ,,johnson ,,collection ,"p ( 8 realism is 8 refusal to depict :at he did n feel4 ,only once did he v5ture ^u any ( ! religi\s emotionalism t _h play$ s l>ge a "p 9 ! "w ( 8 pr$ecessors1 & !n he f\nd ! emotion s =eign to 8 own feel+s t he op5ly borr[$ ! imag]y ( x2 9 relation to ! great panoramic realism ( ! ,c>ry+ ( ! ,cross1 ! gr\p ( m\rn+ wom5 rema9s a m]e =malism1 dissociat$ 9 _s & 9 mann] f all ab\t x4 ,jesus himself is simply an un=tunate creature ^: approa*+ execution is ! pretext = ?is holiday4 ,:at passes = ! conv]sion ( ,paul might be ! delusion ( a man knock$ 9 ! head on fall+ f a %y+ horse2 !re is ab\t ! ev5t none ( ! conv5tional sup]naturalism because = ,bruegel t sort ( ?+ 0 n real4 ,! religi\s subject z su* disappe>s f 8 "w2 & ?is1 com+ aft] ! ec/atic idealisms ( 8 pr$ecessors1 am\nts to ! expression ( an idea conc]n+ ! significance--or lack ( x--inh]5t 9 ! *ur*ly religion4 ,he w h no?+ to d ) :at is n human2 n ev5 nature ent]s into ! great pa9t+s except z a sett+ t enhances1 by sympa?y or contra/1 ! emotional life ( human be+s4 ,to ^!1 :om he kn[s & loves1 ,bruegel gives himself :olly1 to %>e 9 _! sorr[s & _! joys4 ,8 religion is t ( ! great humani/s 9 all ages1 & 8 fai? is giv5 only to life itself4 ,illu/ration3 ,,d>k ,,day 7,,janu>y874 ,,vi5na1 ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,,d>k ,,day 7,,detail7 ,"p ( 8 realism is ! robu/ laught] :i* is ! only solution = ! fix 9 :i* human be+s f9d !mselves4 ,x is ! _s t animat$ ,rabelais 9 describ+ ! bir? ( 8 h]o & ,%akespe>e 9 creat+ ,fal/aff4 ,to come clos] home to ,bruegel1 p]haps1 x is ! _s ( ,till ,eul5spiegel1 ^: gross pleasant]ies 7 probably reli%$ by ! pa9t] along ) ! re/ ( 8 g5]ation4 ,bruegel's passion = complet5ess 9 8 realism aboli%es privacy1 & ! /ate ( affairs br\ght to pass by ?is slic+ away ( all walls is sav$ only by humor4 ,humor is ! safety-valve = a _s resolute to probe life to its la/ refuge--to probe life1 b n to break ?r\gh by ma9 =ce1 z attempt$ by lat] reali/s s-call$4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hunt]s ,,9 ,,! ,,sn[ 7,,febru>y874 ,,vi5na1 ,,museum ,ano!r elem5t 9 ,bruegel's realism is ! objectivity ( 8 "w4 ,van ,m&]'s anecdote already quot$ %[s t ,bruegel w5t among ! peasants1 n z a pr(essional arti/ 9 se>* ( mat]ial1 b z a p>ticipator 9 _! life2 & ! great pictures !mselves /rik+ly be> ?is out4 ,?is is n to say t ,bruegel nev] work$ directly f life1 = !re are _m draw+s :i* c\ld n h be5 done o!rwise--a team ( horses re/+1 soldi]s /&+ 9 ! way1 old m>ket-wom5 squatt+ beside _! w>es4 ,b :5 he came to pa9t ! great pictures1 ,bruegel work$ f a memory /ock$ ) ! ge/ures & actions ( p :o are unconsci\s ( be+ wat*$4 ,bruegel's m9d 0 c5t]$ ^u _! life & he 0 conc]n$ ) te*nic h>dly beyond ! po9t :]e x w\ld enable him to cr[d all _! life into 8 giv5 space & %ape4 ,8 conc5tration ^u ! /ory he 0 tell+1 f ! encyclop$ic n>rative ( ! e>ly works to ! simple & /raight=w>d emotionalism ( ! ,mon?s1 put him on ! cre/ ( a wave ( en]gy :i* c>ri$ him ?r\gh _m an und]tak+ t w\ld h be5 impossible = a m self-consci\s man4 ,we :o see ! pictures n[ are unconsci\s ( ! pa9t] because he 0 himself lo/ 9 8 subject2 & because ( ?is1 also1 we are unconsci\s ( ourselves4 8,no glance ev] /rays across ! footlights to ! audi5ce10 wrote ,mei]-,graefe ( ,hog>?'s sc5es4 ,9 ,bruegel's "w !re are no actors1 no footlights & no audi5ce4 ,!re is only life & p>ticipation 9 life by pa9t] & by u4 ,& ev]y:]e 9 ^! pictures x is ! life ( ,bruegel's own "t4 ,8 pr$ecessors _h clo!d religi\s !mes 9 contempor>y dress1 b ! out] & ! inn] rema9$ sep>ate ?+s2 ,bruegel1 reta9+ ! out]1 put into x its own prop] cont5t4 ,he ou/$ religi\s /ories by contempor>y /ories4 ,^! he pa9t$ s completely t a ?or\gh sociological k ( ! age might be f\nd$ ^u or te/$ by 8 pictures4 ,! :ole life ( ! "t is set d[n by a h& t nev] falsifies1 t sw]ves nei!r to ! "r ( idealization nor to ! left ( c>icature4 ,yet to leave him z a pa9t] ( contempor>y mann]s only w\ld be almo/ z false to 8 greatness z to consid] him only z ,bruegel ! ,droll4 ,= he p5etrates bel[ ! tempor>y appe>ances ( 8 "t to ! p]man5t 9 human nature4 ,8 pictures c be a means ( access to ! life ( 8 age1 to be sure2 b no lov] ( !m w\ld ?9k ( us+ !m 9 ?is fa%ion4 ,! important ?+ is t !y give access to a life t is ( m ?an "o age2 "u ! co/ume ( ! "t exi/s ! same humanity t n[ we>s ano!r dress4 ,9 giv+ himself ov] s unres]v$ly to ! imp]man5t1 ,bruegel took :at 0 = him ! only way to ! p]man5t4 ,?is _c be captur$ by go+ out aft] a vague & unlocaliz$ some?+ call$ life 9 g5]al2 :at is pres5t$ to ! arti/ = 8 use is always life 9 p>ticul>4 ,!re is an all-life 9 ! /eady & swell+ succession ( human g5]ations2 b ! only means ( access to t is ! n[-life4 ,! great arti/'s major accompli%m5t lies 9 reveal+ ! univ]sal ?r\gh ! p>ticul>1 ! p]man5t ?r\gh ! transitory1 ! inevitable ?r\gh ! accid5tal4 ,?is ,bruegel does2 & h[ well he does x is to be f\nd by analyz+ ! ?\ght beh9d 8 v>i$ r5d]+ ( ev5ts & p4 ,ev5 9 8 e>ly pictures ea* creature has 8 own individuality & yet is "p ( ! cr[d1 :i* rema9s a cr[d 9 spite ( all detail2 ea* individual reta9s 8 own value ( p]sonality & yet is integrat$ into a collective be+4 ,bruegel's m9ute accuracy ( draw+ expresses 8 love = ! individual z su*2 8 great masses ( p express 8 desire to see life l>gely & z an int]wov5 :ole4 ,moreov]1 ! device ( mak+ ! o/5sible subject ( a picture an almo/ invisible incid5t 9 x is an expression ( an idea z to ! relative importance ( ! individual & :at happ5s to him4 ,?\gh ! actions ( ! ,c>ry+ ( ! ,cross & ! ,conv]sion ( ,paul d actually c5t] ar\nd ! subject-incid5t1 ! incid5t itself is r$uc$ almo/ to ! vani%+-po9t2 s t ! /ory emphasis is ?r[n entirely ^u ! l>g] life ( :i* ! incid5t is only ! tempor>y focus4 ,! ,fall ( ,ic>us likewise expresses ?is h]esy aga9/ conv5tional ?9k+ z to :at is truly sublime2 only "h ! unimportance ( a p>ticul> ev5t is made m emphatic by su* a detail z ! position ( ! %eph]d z well z by ! l>ge indiff]5ce ( ?is great lum9\s calm expanse ( l& & sea & sky4 ,illu/ration3 ,,hunt]s ,,9 ,,! ,,sn[ 7,,detail7 ,illu/ration3 ,,haymak+ 7,,june874 ,,raudnitz1 ,,collection ,,( ,,pr9ce ,,lobk[itz ,moreov]1 ! sequ5ce ( *anges 9 ! relative importance ( ! human figures 9 ! pa9t+s is b ! /ory ( ,bruegel's develop+ conception ( ! relative importance ( man 9 ! s*eme ( ?+s4 ,9 "o gr\p ( pictures ! individual1 ?\gh fully p]sonaliz$1 is a "p ( ! cr[d & ! cr[d a mass ( insects sw>m+ ov] ! l&scape4 ,9 ano!r gr\p ( l>ge-figur$ peasant subjects man is all-important1 fill+ ! :ole & %utt+ nature out4 ,! =m] are amaz+1 & "o c h>dly get too mu* ( !m2 ! latt] are int]e/+ & "o likes !m long4 ,b = ! f9al expression ( 8 m9d "o mu/ turn to ! set ( ! ,mon?s2 ^! five1 ) ! addition ( ! ,paul & ! ,ic>us1 =m ! summit ( ,bruegel's art4 ,9 !m ,bruegel rea*$ ! solution ( ! two problems ( 8 life1 ! life ( nature & ! life ( man2 & ! solution 0 ! life ( man 9 nature4 ,! ,mon?s sum up 8 life's endeavor bo? 9 ! mat]ial he _h all along be5 deal+ ) & 9 ! conceptions betwe5 :i* all along he _h be5 alt]nat+4 ,!y are full ( motives & incid5ts tak5 f 8 e>li] works--! *ur* he drew s (t51 *ildr5 at _! games1 ! great /ret*es ( l&scape t he lov$4 ,b all ?+s are adju/$ to "o ano!r 9 a new way2 ! p are se5 nei!r too l>ge nor too small1 b 9 a p]fect relation%ip to an imm5sely embrac+ nature2 & ea* picture is p]vad$ by an unbrok5 h>mony ( mood4 ,?is set m>ks ! atta9m5t ( f9al insight into ev]y?+ t _h conc]n$ him2 !y con/itute 8 acceptance & affirmation ( life4 ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art4 ,,! ,,h>ve/]s 7,,augu/874 ,,new ,,york1 ,,metropolitan ,,museum ,,( ,,art ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,return ,,( ,,! ,,h]ds 7,,novemb]874 ,,vi5na1 ,,museum ,illu/ration3 ,c\rtesy ( ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art4 ,,! ,,h>ve/]s 7,,detail7 #g4 ,! m ,bruegel's "w is /udi$ ! /rong] gr[s ! feel+ t almo/ ev]y?+ may be attribut$ to him4 ,to g to ,vi5na & ?r\gh t gr\p ( fifte5 pictures to come into direct contact ) 8 m9d across ?ree hundr$ & fifty ye>s is to be conv9c$ t 8 is "o ( ! inexhau/ible m9ds ( ! _w4 ,! mat]ial brilliancy ( ! pa9t+ is m ?an mat*$ by ! brilliancy ( ! creative s\l beh9d !m4 ,:e!r he himself 0 consci\s ( all t c n[ be p]ceiv$ 9 8 "w does n mu* matt]2 :e!r x came !re ) him aw>e or unaw>e1 x is en\gh to make him sup]bly great4 ,b ?is mu* is true3 ! m 8 m9d is appreh5d$1 ! m va/ & purposeful x appe>s4 ,he 0 =tunate 9 f9d+ 8 means ( expression 9 :at 0 !n a popul> art2 ev]y?+ ab\t t art 0 s alive t x drew to itself "s ( ! greate/ m9ds ( ! "t4 ,!re exi/$ a trem5d\s am\nt ( give-&-take betwe5 ! arti/ & 8 age1 & ?is degree ( int]action x 0 :i* _h mo/ to d ) end[+ bo? art & arti/ ) vitality2 !y 7 f$ f s\rces outside ( & l>g] ?an !mselves4 ,?us x 0 t ,bruegel atta9$ to s compreh5sive an expression ( himself & 8 age toge!r t 8 "w has become "o ( ! p]man5t ?+s ( art4 ,ea* picture is a completely function+ organism ) sev]al diff]5t aspects4 ,!re is ! aspect ( /ory-tell+1 t ( te*nical picture-mak+ & t ( philosophic ?\ght4 ,ea* aspect functions h>moni\sly ) ! o!rs4 ,n only c "o analyze out at w ! elem5ts prop] to ea* aspect1 b "o c move f "o to ano!r )\t any feel+ ( %ift+ ge> or *ang+ spe$4 7,! "o exception is ! gr\p ( m\rn+ wom5 9 ! ,c>ry+ ( ! ,cross47 ,all ^! aspects function at ! same m5tal rate4 ,!y are all int]wov5 into p[]ful :oles4 ,e picture is a _w 9 itself1 & com+ to "k !m is "o ( ! complete/ exp]i5ces t c be f\nd any:]e 9 ! art ( pa9t+4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,return ,,( ,,! ,,h]ds 7,,detail7 ,yet ev5 ) ?is complet5ess ( expression atta9$1 "o has be=e ,bruegel's "w a feel+ ( /ill m beh9d1 an imm5sity ( m9d l>g] ?an any art c be4 ,x is ! feel+ "o has be=e ,mi*elangelo1 b n be=e ,raphael2 be=e ,%akespe>e1 b n be=e ,m>l[e4 ,! great] ones are n only great] 9 _! art1 b !y h some?+ left ov] 9 !mselves :i* _! art sugge/s b does n directly express4 ,( ?is great] company is ,piet] ,bruegel4 ,!re are pur] pa9t]s1 b = ! purity ( _! art !y pay ! price ( go+ )\t some?+ ( importance to a complete life4 ,& ev5 _! ga9 9 int5sity seems h>dly a ga9 9 ! face ( ,bruegel's int5sity on all ! levels ( 8 complet5ess4 ,he transposes all life into 8 pictures 9 a scale ( relative relation%ip t pres]ves ! values ( human life itself4 ,e o!r pa9t] lacks some?+ or has some?+ 9 excess4 ,bruegel is ! mo/ compreh5sive & ! be/ balanc$1 ! mo/ en]getic & ! mell[e/4 ,( all pa9t]s he is ! greate/ reali/1 & ( !m all ! mo/ humane4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,return ,,( ,,! ,,h]ds 7,,detail7 ,,an ,,annotat$ ,,bibliography ,! object ( ! foll[+ book-li/ is to m5tion n ev]y?+ t has be5 pr9t$ ab\t ,piet] ,bruegel b only su* volumes & articles z h def9ite value4 ,! major cause ( its %ortness1 h[ev]1 is ! fact t ! lit]ature ( ! subject is surpris+ly small 9 quantity2 9 ,engli%1 p>ticul>ly1 !re is almo/ no?+ beyond %ort p>agraphs 9 "s hi/ories ( art & ! usual unillum9at+ brevities ( g5]al ref]5ce works4 ,piet] ,bruegel l',anci54 ,son ,oeuvre et son ,temps4 ,p> ,r5 ,van ,ba/ela] et ,georges ,hul9 ,de ,loo4 ,bruxelles3 ,g4 ,van ,oe/ ,cie43 #aijg4 ,?is1 ! fir/ volume to be publi%$ on ,bruegel1 rema9s ! /&>d "w4 ,= ! h&som5ess & complet5ess ( its reproductions comb9$ ) ! accuracy & ?or\ghness ( its text1 treat+ e aspect ( ! pa9t]'s life & "w1 x is a notable accompli%m5t 9 book-mak+ & 9 s*ol>%ip4 ,:at has s9ce be5 writt5 & ! pictures t h s9ce be5 discov]$ /ill d no m ?an supplem5t c]ta9 phases ( x2 nor c x be sup]s$$ until someone is prep>$ to give "t & money to a ?or\gh se>* ( ,european gall]ies & private collections4 ,x is n[1 h[ev]1 some:at difficult to obta94 ,les ,e/ampes de ,pet] ,bruegel l',anci54 ,p> ,r5 ,van ,ba/ela]4 ,bruxelles3 ,g4 ,van ,oe/ ,cie43 #aijh4 ,)9 its *os5 field ?is volume also rema9s ! /&>d & ne$s only supplem5t+ by lat] rese>*es4 ,its #bgh plates reproduce all ! pr9ts !n ?\ght to be by ,bruegel or aft] 8 designs4 ,pi]re ,bruegel l',anci54 ,p> ,*>les ,b]n>d4 ,bruxelles3 ,g4 ,van ,oe/ ,cie43 #aijh4 ,?is1 :i* appe>$ imm$iately aft] ! two prec$+ volumes1 may fairly be describ$ z a good popul>ization ( !m1 ) additional hi/orical mat]ial drawn f o!r s\rces4 ,! ?irty reproductions are v good half-tones2 ! text gives a satisfactory acc\nt ( ! pa9t]'s life & times1 al?\gh !re is too mu* reliance ^u ! m]e subject-matt] ( ! pictures & al?\gh p>ts ( ,van ,m&]'s clumsy n>rative are transpos$ into ,fr5* ( debatable suavity4 ,x is ! only g5]ally available biography 9 ,fr5*4 ,to any read] ( x my indebt$ness to x = facts 7o!r ?an ^? giv5 by ,van ,m&]7 & my occasional diff]5ce ( int]pretation w be equally evid5t4 ,d] ,bau]n-,bruegel4 ,von ,w4 ,haus5/e94 ,mn*5 ,leipzig3 ,r4 ,pip] ,co43 #aiaj4 ,?is is comm5d$ by ,h]r ,fri$lnd] 7see eigh? item7 z a portrait ( ! man ,bruegel2 z a discussion ( 8 "w1 h[ev]1 x has be5 sup]s$$ 9 ,g]man by ,h]r ,fri$lnd]'s own book4 8,! ,adoration ( ! ,k+s0 by ,piet] ,brueghel ! ,eld]4 ,by ,c4 ,j4 ,holmes4 ,9 ,! ,burl+ton ,magaz9e2 vol xxxviii1 no4 ccxv3 ,london3 ,febru>y #aiba4 ,! ,h>ve/]s by ,piet] ,bruegel ! ,eld]4 ,by ,bryson ,burr\ghs4 ,9 ,! ,bullet9 ( ! ,metropolitan ,museum ( ,art3 vol4 xvi1 no4 #e3 ,new ,york3 ,may #aiba4 ,! fact t ^! two articles o/5sibly deal ea* ) a s+le picture %\ld n obscure ei!r _! g5]al int]e/ or _! significance z indications & in/rum5ts ( ! contempor>y t5d5cy to assign to ,bruegel a high] rank ?an he has _h h]et(ore4 ,von ,eyck bis ,bruegel4 ,/udi5 zur ,ges*i*te d] ,ni$]lndis*5 ,mal]ei4 ,von ,max ,j4 ,fri$lnd]4 ,b]l93 ,julius ,b>d3 #aiba4 7,( ,bruegel3 p4 #afi to end74 ,! ma9 po9t ( int]e/ ab\t ,bruegel 9 ?is book is t ! au?or gives a catalogue ( pa9t+s :i* diff]s consid]ably1 bo? 9 its omissions & 9 its additions1 f t giv5 by ,m4 ,hul9 7see fir/ item74 ,piet] ,bruegel4 ,von ,max ,j4 ,fri$lnd]4 ,b]l93 ,propylen-,v]lag3 #aiba4 ,?is is ! /&>d g5]al "w 9 ,g]man1 & conta9s a tru/wor?y translation ( ! entire text ( ,van ,m&] conc]n+ ,bruegel4 ,ev5 ^? :o d n read ,g]man might well possess ?is book = ! cle>ness & frequ5t brilliancy ( its #aja half-tone reproductions1 ! majority ( :i* are f draw+s & pr9ts4 ,h]r ,fri$lnd] is ! only cont95tal s*ol> s f> ^: "w takes cognizance ( ! picture n[ 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum4 ,bruegel4 ,von ,kurt ,pfi/]4 ,leipzig3 ,insel-,v]lag3 #aiba4 ,?is %ort essay m]its notice z a piece ( writ+4 ,! #gh half-tone reproductions are n v cle>1 b !y include m ?an a doz5 :i* are 9 nei!r ,fri$lnd] nor ,b]n>d4 ,piet] ,bruegel4 ,vi]zehn ,faksimil$rucke na* ,zei*nung5 und ,aqu>ell54 ,mit e9] ,e9leitung von ,kurt ,pfi/]4 ,mn*53 ,r4 ,pip] ,co43 #aibb4 ,?is h&some s]ies ( l>ge plates is a publication ( ! ,m>es-,gesells*aft & = fai?fulness 9 facsimile reproduction is n to be surpass$4 ,piet] ,brueghel's 8,fall ( ,ic>us0 9 ! ,brussels ,museum4 ,by ,ar?ur ,edw9 ,bye4 ,9 ,art ,/udies3 ,m$ival ,r5aissance & ,mod]n3 ,no4 #a4 ,pr9ceton3 ,univ]sity ,press3 #aibc4 ,a sympa!tic ?\gh n /yli/ically di/+ui%$ essay 9 appreciation1 writt5 ar\nd ! ,fall ( ,ic>us 9 ! ,brussels ,museum4 ,r5aissance ,art4 ,by ,elie ,faure4 ,new ,york3 ,h>p] ,bro!rs3 #aibc4 7,( ,bruegel3 pp4 #bgf-bhf74 ,?is au?or's habitual saturation ) 8 subject-matt] has enabl$ him to convey ! multitud9\s quality to be felt 9 _m ( ,bruegel's pictures & also to adumbrate ! humanity ( s\l beh9d !m2 b he has almo/ no?+ to say ab\t ! m n>r[ly /hetic m]its :i* p]mit ( ,bruegel be+ rank$ among ! great2 & ev5 on ! score ( subject-matt] ,bruegel's liv+ness is almo/ smo!r$ "u a rhetoric made sluggi% ) anecdotal detail4 ,breughel4 ,by ,ald\s ,huxley4 ,9 ,! ,cal5d> ( ,mod]n ,lett]s3 vol4 #a1 no4 #f3 ,london3 ,augu/ #aibe4 ,?is essay is a little s]mon on ! virtue ( compreh5siv5ess 9 ! appreciation ( art1 ) ,bruegel z an ideal text4 ,x is n itself a compreh5sive pres5tation ( ! pa9t] or 8 "w & x has v few traces ( ! v]bal brilliancy :i* has _h s mu* to d ) putt+ ?is au?or's novels 9 ! be/-sell+ class2 b x may make ! "n ( ,bruegel kn[n to _m :o are n 9 a position to p5etrate 8 "w on _! own acc\nt4 ,i note a curi\s slip 9 ! transposition ( titles betwe5 ! ,brussels ,numb]+ at ,be?lehem & ! ,vi5na ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts4 ,die ,zei*nung5 ,piet] ,bruegels4 ,von ,k>l ,tolnai4 ,mn*53 ,r4 ,pip] ,co43 #aibe4 ,?is book has imm$iately tak5 rank z ! /&>d au?ority on ! draw+s2 its #ajd l>ge half-tone plates reproduce e draw+ li/$ 9 its catalogue4 ,piet] ,bruegel d] ,aelt]e4 ,sieb5unddreissig ,f>b5li*tdrucke na* se95 ,hauptw]k5 9 ,wi5 und e9e ,e9fhrung 9 se9e ,kun/4 ,von ,max ,dvok4 ,wi53 ,oe/]rei*is*5 ,/aatsdruck]ei4 ,?is wond]ful production is j be+ complet$2 its magnific5t plates embody ! utmo/ res\rces ( mod]n color-pr9t+4 ,an edition ) ! text translat$ into ,fr5* is ann\nc$ = ! mon? ( ,july1 & ano!r ) a translation into ,engli% is expect$ dur+ ! ye>4 99 99 99 99 99 ,! =ego+ annotations are bas$ ^u actual read+ & exam9ation ( ! books & articles m5tion$4 ,i ?9k x well to app5d a few additional items :i* ,i h _h no opportunity z yet to exam9e2 my /udy ( ! volumes already li/$1 h[ev]1 leads me to believe t !y possess int]e/ & importance4 ,! words 9 italics at ! end ( ea* entry indicate its s\rce among ! books 9 ! previ\s section4 99 99 99 99 99 ,pi]re ,brueghel ,le ,vieux4 ,p> ,h5ri ,hymans4 7,gazette des ,beaux-,arts3 ,p>is3 #ahij et #ahia47 ,pfi/]3 ,bibliography4 ,les ,brueghel4 ,p> ,emile ,mi*el4 ,p>is3 #ahib4 ,van ,ba/ela] ,hul91 p4 #bid4 ,piet] ,brueghel d] ,aelt]e und se9 ,kun/s*aff54 ,von ,alex ,l4 ,romdahl4 7,jahrbu* d] ,kun/hi/oris*5 ,sammlung5 des ,all]h*/5 ,kais]hauses1 ,bd4 #be3 ,wi53 #aije47 ,tolnai & ,pfi/]3 ,bibliographies4 ,piet] ,bruegel im ,kupf]/i*kab9ett zu ,b]l94 ,von ,ludwig ,bur*>d4 7,amtli*e ,b]i*te aus d] ,knigli*e ,kun/sammlung 9 ,b]l91 ,bd4 #cd3 ,b]l93 #aiab-ac47 ,tolnai3 ,bibliography4 ,die ,ni$]lndis*e ,l&s*aftsmal]ei von ,pat9ir bis ,bruegel4 ,von ,ludwig von ,baldass4 7,jahrbu* d] ,kun/hi/oris*5 ,sammlung5 des ,all]h*/5 ,kais]hauses1 ,bd4 #cd3 ,wi53 #aiah47 ,tolnai3 ,bibliography4 ,d] ,bau]n-,bruegel und das ,deuts*e ,spri*wort4 ,von ,wilhelm ,fra5g]4 7,mn*53 #aibc47 ,tolnai3 ,bibliography4 ,,notes ,! illu/rations ( ,bruegel's pa9t+s accompany+ ?is article are conf9$ to ^? accept$ z au!ntic by ,m4 ,hul9 9 8 catalogue 7see ,bibliography1 fir/ item71 ) c]ta9 additional ones discov]$ s9ce its publication4 ,sev5te5 ( ! pa9t+s are positively dat$2 ! re/ mu/ be di/ribut$ ?r\gh ! elev5 ye>s ( pa9t+ on o!r evid5ce4 ,:]ev] a date appe>s "u an illu/ration1 x is ! "o assign$ by ! au?ority j m5tion$1 ) ! exceptions not$4 ,! only alt]ation 9 ! *ronological ord]1 s f> z t may be det]m9$1 has be5 ! gr\p+ ( ! ,mon?s at ! end1 to correspond ) ! text1 9 :i* !y are treat$ z ! summ+-up ( ,bruegel's "w z a pa9t]4 ,all ! draw+s reproduc$ are dat$ on ! au?ority ( ,h]r ,tolnai 7see ,bibliography1 f\rte5? item74 ,! foll[+ p>agraphs give c]ta9 supplem5t>y facts3 ,village ,m>riage3 ,two copies by ,piet] ,,ii are kn[n4 ,a comp>ison ( ?is picture ) !m %[s t ! arm & h& ( ! man kneel+ ne> ! bottom ( ! /airway h be5 repa9t$ 8= reasons ( dec5cy06 ,danc+ ,peasant3 ,?is is d\btful4 ,h]r ,fri$lnd] consid]s x a copy2 ,m4 ,hul9 leaves ! matt] undet]m9$1 b reproduces x4 ,desc5t ( ,*ri/ into ,limbo 7draw+73 ,h]r ,tolnai says t ! date & signature are apocryphal1 b assigns x to no o!r ye>4 ,flemi% ,prov]bs3 ,n kn[n to ,m4 ,hul92 date giv5 on ! au?ority ( ,h]r ,fri$lnd]4 ,battle ,betwe5 ! ,israelites & ! ,phili/9es3 also call$ ,! ,dea? ( ,saul at ! ,battle ( ,gilboa4 ,! unc]ta9ty ( ?is date turns ^u :e!r an extra figure c or c n be disc]n$ at ! end ( ! ,roman num]als4 ,dulle ,griet3 ,! lit]al subject is ! qu>relsome woman1 ,t]rible ,m>g>et1 %e :o fright5s ! devil himself4 ,! ,c>ry+ ( ! ,cross3 ,also call$ ,! ,road to ,calv>y4 ,! ,misan?rope3 ,also call$ ,! ,p]fidy ( ! ,_w4 ,! prov]b lett]$ at ! bottom is ,om dat de vv]elt is soe ongetru ,da] on gha ic 9 d5 ru4 ,! translation is3 ,s9ce ! _w is s untru/wor?y1 ,i g 9 m\rn+4 ,! ,prov]b ( ! ,bird-,ne/]3 ,! prov]b is ,dije d5 ne/ vveet dije vveet53 ,dije ro(t1 dije heet54 ,x may be translat$3 ,:o kn[s :]e ! ne/ is has 8 k2 :o rifles x has possession4 ,! ,numb]+ at ,be?lehem3 ,also call$ ,! ,paym5t ( ,ti!s4 ,! ,fall ( ,ic>us3 ,n catalogu$ by ,m4 ,hul94 ,"h put next to ! ,paul 9 ord] to foll[ ! text1 9 :i* ^! two are jo9$ ) ! ,mon?s z repres5t+ ! height ( ,bruegel's a*ievem5t4 ,! ,w9e ( ,sa9t ,m>t93 ,admitt$ by ,m4 ,hul91 b ) /rong d\bts2 reg>d$ z ! fragm5t ( a l>g] "w2 done orig9ally 9 temp]a & repa9t$ 9 oil1 p]haps 9 ! sev5te5? c5tury4 ,! ,magpie on ! ,gall[s3 ,?is picture 0 bequea!d by ,bruegel to 8 wife4 ,m>9e3 ,n dat$ by ,m4 ,hul94 ,plac$ "h because x appe>s to be unf9i%$1 & s possibly v late4 ,! ,mon?s3 ,! mon?s sugge/$ 9 ! titles giv5 "u ! illu/rations foll[ ,m4 ,hul9's catalogue4 ,h]r ,fri$lnd] assigns t giv5 z ,janu>y to ,m>*1 ! ,febru>y to ,decemb]1 ! ,augu/ 7,new ,york7 to ,july1 leav+ ! o!r two z giv54 ,m4 ,hul9 dates ! :ole set ab\t #aefg4 ,! only trace among !m ( a date is on ! picture 9 ! ,metropolitan ,museum2 on ! /r5g? ( ?is ,h]r ,fri$lnd] assigns x positively to #aefe1 b ,mr4 ,burr\ghs is incl9$ to agree ) ,m4 ,hul94 ,9 any case ! violation ( "t ord] 9 plac+ ?is set la/ is n v great & ! ga9 is consid]able 9 giv+ a culm9at+ impression ( ,bruegel's art4 #b4 ,no pa9t+s 9 ,bruegel's mann] are reproduc$ :i* are def9itely or ev5 probably by ! sons4 ,!y are a multitude 9 !mselves1 & are mo/ly attribut$ to ! fa!r4 ,!y are to be met ) ev]y:]e1 f ,london to ,pal]mo1 f ,madrid to ,petrograd4 ,h]r ,fri$lnd] au!nticates 7)\t reproduc+7 "o 9 ,budape/ & ano!r 9 ,cskny4 ,9 ,hampton ,c\rt ,palace !re is an extremely int]e/+ small] v]sion ( ! ,vi5na ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts 9 :i* eatables are sub/itut$ = mo/ ( ! *ildr51 & a companion piece ( co>s] workman%ip giv+ an entirely diff]5t picture ( a massacre4 ,9 ,vi5na !re are a doz5 or m by ! sons :i* ?r[ mu* light on ! entire "q ( ,bruegel's own pictures2 ! mo/ int]e/+ ( ^! is 9 ! ,li*t5/e9 ,collection & is 9 ! mann] ( ! ,flee+ ,%eph]d 9 ,philadelphia4 ,! problems rais$ by all ^! pictures are _m & complex1 b ! scope & int5tion ( ?is essay did n p]mit ( its t\*+ ^u su* matt]s4 ,h[ev]1 !re are all sorts ( ways to sp5d life1 & n ! lea/ int]e/+ way w\ld be to g a-,bruegel+ ?r\gh ,europe4 ,erratum3 ,on page #cc ! date ( ! ,massacre ( ! ,innoc5ts %\ld read #aeff787 in/ead ( #aeef7874 ,! ,l& ( ,cockaigne1 reproduc$ on page #ci1 is n[ 9 ! ,alte ,p9ako!k 9 ,muni*4 ,illu/ration3 ,,! ,,fall ,,( ,,ic>us 7,,detail7 ,illu/ration3 ,,ma/] ,,& ,,pupil 7,,draw+74 ,,ab\t #aefj-fa4 ,,vi5na1 ,,alb]t9a ,,! ,,arts ,a ,,mon?ly ,,magaz9e ,,( ,,art ,=bes ,watson1 ,editor ,william ,robb1 ,manag] ,lloyd ,goodri*1 ,associate ,editor ,virgil ,b>k]1 ,european ,editor ,! ,arts is n exclusively a magaz9e ( mod]n art or exclusively a magaz9e ( ! art ( ! pa/4 ,x is solely a magaz9e ( art1 :5ev] or :]ev] produc$4 ,its text is intellig5t1 /imulat+ & readable1 & ! essays :i* appe> 9 its pages are p]man5t contributions to ! lit]ature ( art4 ,9 select+ its writ]s ,! ,arts endeavors to secure ^? :o are au?orities on _! p>ticul> subjects b are also capable ( writ+ fre%ly & directly ab\t !m--:o are n s engross$ by ! hi/orical & ar*ological side ( art z to =get its supreme /hetic importance4 ,9 its essays on ! art ( ! pa/ ,! ,arts does n conf9e itself )9 ! conv5tional limits ( ! ,european tradition1 b recognizes 9 ! art ( ! ,ori5t1 ( ,africa1 or ( aborig9al ,am]ica ! same qualities :i* exi/ 9 ! art ( ! ,we/4 ,9 its treatm5t ( contempor>y art1 ,! ,arts attempts to pres5t ! "w ( ! mo/ vital arti/s ( ! pres5t day1 :e!r radical or cons]vative1 ! emphasis be+ plac$ n on ! p>ticul> gr\p or faction to :i* ! arti/ may belong1 b ^u ! "w itself4 ,realiz+ t "o ( ! mo/ important functions ( a magaz9e is ! discov]y ( new tal5t1 ,! ,arts has always op5$ its pages to ! "w ( ! mo/ promis+ ( ! y\ng] arti/s4 ,its policy is n to wait until an arti/ has a*iev$ success1 b to be ahead ( ! cr[d 9 af=d+ recognition to ! tal5t$ m5 ( ! future4 ,its regul> dep>tm5ts1 su* z reviews ( curr5t exhibitions & new art books1 keep its read]s in=m$ ( ! significant developm5ts 9 ! _w ( art4 ,al?\gh ! bulk ( its articles are devot$ to pa9t+1 sculpture1 ar*itecture & ! decorative arts1 ,! ,arts f "t to "t publi%es essays 9 ! fields ( music1 drama or lit]ature :i* x kn[s w be ( int]e/ to its read]s--p>ticul>ly on ! subjects ( /age design & ! art ( ! films4 ,! writt5 ^w1 h[ev]1 _c convey all ( ! significance ( a "w ( art4 ,= t reason x has be5 ! policy ( ! magaz9e to make ( ea* issue a s]ies ( illu/rations :i* no arti/ or art lov] c af=d to be )\t4 ,e numb] ( ,! ,arts conta9s fifty to sixty excell5tly pr9t$ reproductions ( important works ( art ( ! pa/ or ! pres5t4 ,fifty c5ts a copy2 five doll>s a ye>4 ,,! ,,arts ,,publi%+ ,,corporation #ai ,ea/ #ei? ,/reet ,new ,york1 ,n4 ,y4 ,transcrib]'s ,notes3 ,text enclos$ by und]scores is 9 italics 7italics74 ,text enclos$ by pluses is 9 small caps 7small caps74 ,blank pages h be5 remov$4 ,obvi\s typographical errors h be5 sil5tly correct$4 ,errata h be5 appli$4 ,! "n ,mi*el ,angelo has be5 correct$ to ,mi*elangelo ,! pa9t+ ,a ,village ,w$d+ is ref]r$ to z ,village ,m>riage 9 ! ,,notes4