,,t5 ,,c5t ,,pocket ,,s]ies ,,no4 #dcj  
,edit$ by ,e4 ,haldeman-,julius         
,p\ltry = ,pr(it      ,r4 ,a4 ,p[]      
,b4 ,s4 9 ,agriculture                  
,,haldeman-,,julius ,,company           
,,gir>d1 ,,kansas            ,copyright1
 #aibc1    ,haldeman-,julius ,company4  
,,p\ltry ,,= ,,pr(it          ,,*apt]   
,i4    ,,! ,,outlook      ,:5 a bus9ess 
rea*es ! billion doll> m>k p] ye>1 x is 
g5]ally look$ into by ?9k+ p :o l to "k 
! facts (  ! case1 & :o want to "k j :y 
! bus9ess has rea*$ su*  l>ge           
proportions4 ,9 ?is little booklet ,i w 
endeavor to expla9  n only :y ! p\ltry  
bus9ess has gr[n s rapidly1 b w also    
reveal ! mo/ important secrets t h      
contribut$ l>gely to  its rapid gr[?1 s 
t :e!r ! read] is a f>m]1 a t[n lot     
fanci]1 or a /ud5t ( economics1 he or %e
 w ga9 mu* by !  read+ & ! /udy+ ( !    
pr9ciples involv$4    ,! high co/ ( liv+
 has =c$ _m p to economize to !  limit1 
& r$uce ! family budget to ! m9imum4 ,p 
9 ! small  t[ns & villages1 especially1 

h s\ght v>i\s ways ( increas+  _! e>n+s1
 & "o ( ! mo/ popul> me?ods resort$ to  
has  be5 to raise a few *ick5s1 ?us     
utiliz+ ! table scraps1 & odds  & ends1 
s t !re w be no wa/e4 ,x has be5 prov$  
beyond a  %ad[ ( a d\bt t *ick5s c be   
rais$ pr(itably by ! p]son  liv+ 9 t[n1 
z well z by ! f>m] ) 8 va/ acres1       
provid+  ! t[nsman kn[s a few ess5tial  
pr9ciples 9 reg>d to ! prop]  h&l+ ( !  
birds4    ,p\ltry products are becom+   
popul> m ?an ev] be=e4 ,?is  is due 9 "p
 to ! increas$ price ( beef & pork4     
,eggs are an  e/abli%$ "p ( ! nation's  
m5u1 :ile ! meat ( ! *ick5 is  n[ )9 !  
means ( mo/ ,am]ican families4 ,s9ce ^! 
facts are  recogniz$1 !re has be5 a     
revolution 9 ! p\ltry indu/ry itself  to
 cope ) ! increas$ dem& = eggs1 meat1 & 
bre$+ /ock4    ,_m city p h tak5        
advantage ( ! opportunity ( rais+       
*ick5s1 & _m an old pack+ box1 or piano 
box has be5 reliev$  ( its orig9al      
purpose ( encas+ furniture1 or o!r      
articles1 &  has done its bit to act z  

"p ( a %elt] = h\s+ "s back-y>d  lot (  
*ick5s4 ,:at has be5 done1 c be done1 & 
inasmu* z !  value ( ! egg1 or ! c>cass 
( ! bird /ill ma9ta9s its high  /&>d on 
! m>ket1 x /&s to reason t ! p\ltry     
indu/ry  is /ill 9 its infancy4 ,mu* m w
 be done 9 ! future ?an has  be5 done 9 
! pa/4    ,consequ5tly1 !re is /ill "o  
indu/ry t is n ov]cr[d$1  despite !     
great numb] :o h tak5 x up1 ei!r z a    
vocation1 or  z an avocation4 ,:5 x is  
consid]$ t ,new ,york ,city alone _c    
get en\gh eggs to supply ! dem& dur+ !  
fall & w9t] mon?s1  & is will+ to pay1 &
 pay de>ly = breakfa/ eggs1 & t !       
vic9ity ( ,pataluma1 ,cal41 f9ds x      
pr(itable to %ip its eggs across  !     
cont95t to put !m on ! ,new ,york m>ket1
 x c be se5 q  cle>ly t !re are excell5t
 possibilities 9 p\ltry1 ev5 9 j  a     
small back y>d flock4    ,! rema9d] (   
?is booklet w be devot$ to %[+ ! ord9>y 
layman1 :o has _h no previ\s k or       
exp]i5ce1 h[ he c  take a small flock1  
or a l>ge flock1 & turn x into pleasure 

&  pr(it4 ,h[ev]1 "o ^w ( caution is    
necess>y4 ,let no "o attempt  to v5ture 
^u a p\ltry ent]prise on a big scale at 
fir/4 ,hi/ory  has %[n c\ntless failures
 9 su* attempts1 & hi/ory has a way (   
repeat+ itself4 ,x is always wis] to />t
 mod]ately1 & "w into  x gradually4 ,?is
 me?od always proves successful if      
common s5se &  mod]ation are exhibit$4  
,,*apt] ,,ii4    ,,! ,,p\ltry ,,bre$s   
,be=e attempt+ to discuss ! me?ods (    
rais+ p\ltry x is  deem$ advisable to   
fir/ take up a discussion ( ! diff]5t   
bre$s  & _! *>act]i/ics4 ,outside ( a   
few fancy bre$s1 t are  rais$ m =       
curiosity or %[ purposes1 we usually ?9k
 ( !  bre$s ( p\ltry z ?ree di/9ct      
classes4    ,! fir/ ( ^! ?ree classes t 
we w take up = discussion  is :at is    
t]m$ ! egg bre$4 ,?is bre$ is usually   
repres5t$ by  su* birds z ! ,leghorn1   
,ancona1 ,camp9e1 ,m9orca1 or ! ,h\dan4 
,( ^! five bre$s1 ! ,leghorn & ! ,m9orca
 are by f> ! mo/  popul>4 ,!re are      
diff]5t v>ieties ( all ^! bre$s1 b !    

,:ite ,leghorn1 & ! ,black ,m9orca are  
mu* m popul> 9 _!  respective bre$s ?an 
are any o!r v>iety4 ,! o!r bre$s are    
f\nd scatt]$ "h & !re1 b ! ,leghorn &   
,m9orca are easily  ! lead+ egg bre$s4  
,bo? ( ^! bre$s h _m birds )  ye>ly     
records ( ov] #cjj eggs p] ye>4 ,next   
let u consid] a few (  ! important      
*>act]i/ics ( ^! egg bre$s4    ,^! bre$s
 are small1 light ( weight1 v active1 & 
v h>d to  conf9e 9 a small inclosure4 ,!
 av]age adult bird ( ^! bre$s  weighs   
ab\t f\r p\nds4 ,!y are neat &          
attractive 9 appe>ance1  h clean %anks1 
& h l>ge head p>ts1 :i* are mu* m       
susceptible to be+ fro/$ 9 cold wea!r1  
?an ! o!r bre$s4    ,! egg production ( 
! egg bre$ is ( ! be/4 ,z has be5 /at$1 
!re are a great numb] ( birds 9 ?is     
class t h records (  ov] #cjj eggs p]   
ye>4 ,_! eggs are :ite %ell$1 ( good    
size1  & r long4 ,h[ev] ! meat ( ^!     
birds1 especially :5  matur$1 is v t\gh1
 & ! active disposition ( ! egg bre$s  d
 n all[ !m to put on surplus fle% z ) ! 

o!r class (  birds4 ,quick maturity is  
*>act]i/ic ( ! egg bre$s1 h[ev]1 &      
because ( ?is fact1 !y make excell5t    
small broil]s :5 b a few  mon?s old4 ,b 
x is useless to put !m on ! m>ket = meat
 :5  mature1 z !y w n fatt5 l ! heavi]  
bre$s4    ,! disposition ( ^! bre$s1 z  
has be5 said1 is active1 n]v\s1  & h>d  
to conf9e4 ,!re=e1 = ! p]son ) a small  
lot on  :i* to raise *ick5s1 x w\ld be  
well to *oose a heavi] bre$  t /&s      
conf9em5t bett] ?an ^! bre$s4 ,^! birds 
are  active 9 ! h\se 9 w9t]1 or on !    
range 9 summ]1 & ow+ to  _! natural     
t5d5cy to roam1 !y are always uneasy :5 
conf9$  to a small y>d4 ,!y also h      
excell5t p[]s ( flight1 & c  usually fly
 ov] a f5ce unless ! f5ce is ab\t eight 
feet high4    ,! egg bre$1 ow+ to !     
activity s *>act]i/ic to su* bre$s1     
makes poor sitt]s & mo!rs4 ,x is v      
seldom t a f[l ( ^!  bre$s c cont5t     
h]self to sit on a ne/ ( eggs ?ree      
weeks1 :i*  is ! "t requir$ to hat* !   
eggs4 ,_! eggs are usually hat*$  "u a  

g5]al purpose h51 or ) an incubator4 ,!y
 make poor  mo!rs1 because !y usually l 
to roam too f> to prop]ly look  aft] _! 
"y4    ,ano!r po9t 9 favor ( ! egg      
bre$s1 h[ev]1 is _! e>ly  maturity4     
,usually ^! birds w mature 9 close to   
f\r mon?s4 ,?is  all[s !m pl5ty ( "t to 
get into lay+ condition 9 ! fall1  be=e 
cold wea!r />ts1 & birds t c lay eggs   
dur+ !  mon?s ( ,novemb] & ,decemb] are 
c]ta9ly an asset1 z eggs always  br+ !  
highe/ prices on ! m>ket dur+ ^! two    
mon?s4    ,^! birds w live on less fe$  
?an any o!r class because (  _! small   
size1 & _! great =ag+ ability4 ,h[ev]1  
^!  bre$s are n z h>dy z ! heavi] bre$s1
 & w n /&  ! cold z well1 because ( _!  
lack ( fea!rs1 & l>ge combs  & wattles4 
,^! l>ge head p>ts are easily fro/ bitt5
 9 cold  wea!r1 & :5 ?is happ5s ! birds 
g5]ally /op lay+ until  !y h recov]$ f !
 setback4 ,) ^! few words on ! egg  bre$
 *>act]i/ics1 let u next consid] ! g5]al
 purpose bre$4    ,:5 we speak ( g5]al  
purpose bre$s1 we usually mean "o ( f\r 

diff]5t bre$s4 ,! ,plym\? ,rock1 ,rhode 
,isl& ,r$1 ,orp+ton1 &  ! ,wy&otte are !
 f\r lead+ bre$s ( ?is class4 ,!n !re   
are q a few diff]5t v>ieties ( ea* ( ^! 
f\r bre$s1 su*  z ! ,b>r$ ,rock1 ! ,:ite
 ,rock1 ! ,buff ,rock1 etc4 ,^! bre$s   
are v good bo? z egg birds1 & = meat    
purposes1 & f9d favor  :]e ev] !y g4 ,i 
w attempt to analyze _! *>act]i/ics1    
br++ out _! /rong po9ts & _! weak po9ts1
 z ,i h  already done ) ! egg bre$s4    
,^! bre$s h be5 develop$ = egg          
production1 & z a result1  h _m birds 9 
! #cjj egg class1 z well z ! /rictly egg
  bre$s4 ,if any are to be dispos$ (1 !y
 h ! ability to put  on fle% & to br+ a 
good price on ! m>ket = meat4 ,:5 "o    
realizes t usually "o half ( a hat* (   
*ick5s are males1 &  ! o!r half females1
 x c be easily se5 t ! g5]al purpose    
bird has an advantage1 9 ! sale ( ! male
 birds1 & ( !  surplus females1 z !y c  
be f$ fatt5+ fe$s1 & a good pr(it  made 
f ?is s\rce4    ,! g5]al purpose birds  
make excell5t mo!rs & sitt]s4 ,!y  h a  

broody disposition1 & w set on ! ne/ !  
requir$ ?ree  weeks to hat* ! *ick5s4   
,!y w also take c>e ( _! "y z  a p>5t   
%\ld4 ,9 fact1 "o ( ! criticisms ( ?is  
class ( birds  is t !y are too broody1 &
 are a nuisance 9 ?is p>ticul>4  ,!y are
 f> m quiet ?an ! egg bre$s1 & /&       
conf9em5t )  no app>5t discom=ture4 ,!y 
make an ideal bird = ! back lot4    ,^! 
birds are fairly good =ag]s1 b take a   
little m fe$ to  ma9ta9 _! upkeep ?an d 
! egg bre$s4 ,!y h small] head  p>ts ?an
 ! egg bre$s1 & a heavi] coat+ ( fle% & 
fea!rs  ?us enabl+ !m to )/& cold wea!r 
mu* bett] ?an ! egg  bre$s4    ,^!      
bre$s1 9 mo/ cases1 h yell[ %anks1 long 
well r\nd$  bodies1 & weigh ab\t six    
p\nds at maturity4 ,!y are n z n]v\s  or
 z active z ! egg bre$s1 b require a    
mon? or two long] to  mature & to get   
into lay+ condition1 ?an ! egg bre$s4   
,we w close ?is discussion on bre$      
*>act]i/ics ) a few words  on ! meat    
bre$s4 ,!re are f\r g5]ally recogniz$   
meat bre$s4  ,^! are ! ,brahams1 ,co*9s1

 ,lang%ans1 & ! ,corni% ,game1 )  _!    
sev]al v>ieties4 ,! adult meat bird     
usually weighs ab\t  eight p\nds1 b !   
male birds weigh ev5 m ?an ?is1         
sometimes  rea*+ twelve p\nds or m4 ,^! 
birds are r awkw>d &  clumsy1 9 fact1 s 
mu* s t !y make poor sitt]s1 z _!       
awkw>dness (t5 causes !m to break ! eggs
 9 ! ne/4 ,!y h  an abundance ( fea!rs &
 meat on _! body1 :i* makes !m easy  to 
w9t]4 ,g5]ally speak+1 ! heavi] ! bird1 
! poor] !  lay+ ability1 & ?is is true )
 ! meat bre$s4 ,!y d n lay  a v l>ge    
numb] ( eggs dur+ ! ye>1 be+ rais$ mo/ly
 =  _! fle%1 :i* is unsurpass$ = table  
purposes4 ,z is ! cu/om  ) heavy        
animals1 ! meat birds are lazy &        
sluggi%1 d n roam  f> = _! food1 &      
consume a comp>atively l>ge am\nt ( gra9
  = ?is reason4 ,! meat bre$s take a    
long] p]iod ( "t to ga9  maturity ?an   
any o!r class1 ! av]age "t be+ ab\t     
eight  mon?s4 ,z has be5 said1 !y are   
prim>ily a meat bre$1 & x is  = ?is     
purpose t !y are mo/ly us$4 ,!y d lay   

eggs1 h[ev]1  & ab\t #ajj eggs p] ye> is
 a good av]age4 ,!y1 l ! g5]al  purpose 
bre$1 lay a br[n %ell$ egg1 :ile ! egg  
bre$s lay a  :ite %ell$ egg1 :i* br+s a 
high] price on e m>ket 9 !  c\ntry b !  
,bo/on m>ket4 ,! br[n %ell$ egg br+s !  
high]  price on ! ,bo/on m>ket4         
,,*apt] ,,iii4    ,,gett+ ,a ,,/>t      
,we h n[ discuss$ q m9utely ! good & bad
 po9ts ( !  ?ree ma9 classes ( birds4   
,ea* class1 & ea* bre$ has its m]its  & 
dem]its4 ,! "o :o wants to make a />t 9 
rais+ p\ltry  %\ld *oose ! bre$ t       
appeals to 8 likes ! mo/1 & !  "o t he c
 realize ! mo/ success )1 "u !          
conditions  t he w h to raise !m4 ,!re  
is no be/ bre$1 :e!r x is  *ick5s1 c[s1 
or hogs4 ,!y all h _! good po9ts1 & _!  
weak ones4 ,x is up to ea* individual to
 pick ! bre$ t appeals  to him ! mo/4   
,grant$ t y h pretty ne> decid$ ! bre$ t
 y want to  use1 let u see h[ we c      
secure our fir/ birds1 if we h none z   
yet to />t )4 ,!re are g5]ally ?ree     
diff]5t ways 9 :i*  we c secure our     

f\ndation /ock4 ,! fir/ way is by buy+  
adult  birds & mat+ !m1 & rais+ !       
result+ *icks4 ,ano!r way is  by pur*as+
 hat*+ eggs1 ei!r f a neighbor or f a   
regul>  bre$] or hat*]y4 ,! ?ird way is 
by buy+ day-old *icks f  ! v>i\s        
hat*]ies1 & rais+ ^! to maturity4 ,let u
 consid]  ea* ( ^! me?ods sep>ately1 &  
!reby in=m ourselves on !  advantages & 
disadvantages ( ea* me?od4    ,9 select+
 adult birds = bre$+ purposes1 & ?us    
rely+ on  ^! birds to produce ! hat*+   
eggs1 a few po9ts are necess>y  to be> 9
 m9d1 if "o wants ! be/ results4 ,z ^!  
birds are to  be ! f\ndation ( y\r      
future flock1 don't buy !m too ha/ily1  
& also d n try to buy ! *eape/ birds t y
 c f9d on !  m>ket1 z y usually get j   
:at y pay =4 ,!re=e1 ! fir/  ?+ to d is 
to look ?r\gh p\ltry pap]s1 f>m         
weeklies1 etc41 or  to inquire locally f
 "s neighbor+ bre$]1 & f9d out j  :at x 
w co/ y = adult females4 ,hav+ ! desir$ 
bre$ 9  m9d1 x w\ld be advisable to po/ 
y\rself on ! qualifications1  & !       

disqualifications ( ?is p>ticul> bre$4  
,/&>d weight  = ! bre$ is an important  
consid]ation 9 ?is connection4 ,if !    
/&>d weight = an adult female is five   
p\nds1 try to get females  t weigh ar\nd
 six p\nds4 ,^! qualifications c be f\nd
 =  e bre$ 9 ! ,am]ican ,/&>d (         
,p]fection1 a book publi%$ by  !        
,am]ican ,p\ltry ,association1 & f\nd 9 
mo/ libr>ies4 ,ano!r  v important factor
 is ! heal? ( ! birds4 ,no birds %\ld   
be us$ = bre$+ purposes t h ev] _h any (
 ! common  p\ltry diseases1 su* z r\p1  
*ick5 pox1 etc41 z _! result+  *icks w  
also h a t5d5cy t[>d ?is disease4       
,select no?+  b heal?y1 vigor\s birds1 (
 /&>d weight & color1 free f  disease1 (
 good body con=mation1 & n less ?an "o  
ye> old4  ,:5 pullets1 or birds ( less  
?an a ye> old1 are us$ = bre$+1  !      
result is a small egg1 :i* hat*es out a 
small1 "u-siz$  *ick4    ,if y c get 9  
t\* ) y\r ,/ate ,college ( ,agriculture1
 !y  c usually in=m y ( "s reliable     
bre$] :o c furni% y  ) ! k9d ( birds y  

want4 ,9 select+ ! cock]els1 or male    
birds1 "o v good way is to buy !m f an  
unrelat$ flock1 &  buy "s t are         
especially /rong :]e ! females are weak4
 ,=  in/ance1 if ! females t y h pur*as$
 are a little light 9  color1 x w\ld be 
advisable to secure males t are a little
 d>k]  9 color ?an ! /&>d calls =4 ,x is
 nev] advisable to mate  m ?an t5       
females ) "o male1 because if m are     
mat$1 !  f]tility ( ! eggs w suff]4 ,_m 
successful bre$]s ev5 use  two male     
birds ) a p5 ( t5 females1 alt]nat+ "o  
male 9 !  bre$+ p5 e o!r day4 ,?us !    
f]tility ( ! hat*+ egg is  d\bly assur$4
    ,a *eap] me?od ( secur+ ! f\ndation 
/ock is 9 buy+ !  hat*+ eggs1 b n q z   
satisfactory z ! fir/ me?od4  ,^! eggs  
are usually sold by ! sitt+1 am\nt+ to  
fifte5  eggs1 or by ! hundr$4 ,:5 buy+  
by ! sitt+1 "o buys f a  regul> bre$]1 &
 pays any:]e f #a4ej up to z high z #ej 
p]  sitt+4 ,x is n advisable = ! beg9n] 
to pay ei!r ( ^!  extremes1 b to plan to
 buy eggs n ov] #e p] sett+4 ,!n z y    

progress 9 ! bus9ess1 y c pur*ase males 
to mate ) y\r  females to gradually     
improve y\r flock4 ,?is me?od           
necessitates !  use ( an incubator1     
unless y c arrange ) "s fri5d :o w  loan
 y ! use ( 8 incubator4 ,( c\rse1 if y  
already h "s  mature birds1 ev5 ( a     
diff]5t bre$1 y c set ^! eggs "u  ^!    
birds1 :5 !y become broody 9 ! spr+1 &  
secure ev5 a  l>g] hat* ?an y c f ! use 
( an incubator4 ,g5]ally1 a  mature bird
 c set on ab\t fifte5 eggs1 & hat* e    
f]tile egg  9 ! sitt+4 ,a m detail$     
discussion on incubation w be giv5  9 ! 
next *apt]4    ,! ?ird way t "o c secure
 a />t 9 ! p\ltry bus9ess1 is  by buy+  
day-old *icks4 ,?is is an indu/ry t has 
gr[n by leaps  & b\nds 9 ! la/ few ye>s4
 ,! price g5]ally *>g$ = ^!  day-old    
*icks is twice z mu* z is *>g$ = ! hat*+
 eggs4 ,a  fair price = #ajj day-old    
*icks is f #ae to #bj4 ,( c\rse1 !      
quality ( ^! *icks is inf]ior to ! high]
 pric$ sitt+s (  eggs1 b if "o is n s   
p>ticul> z to type & %[ purposes1  ?is  

me?od is v satisfactory4 ,! day-old *ick
 bus9ess is  f\nd$ ^u ! pr9ciple t x is 
n advisable to fe$ ! *ick  = ! fir/     
=ty-eight h\rs ( its life1 because j    
be=e !  *ick em]ges f ! %ell1 x absorbs 
! rema9d] ( ! yolk (  ! egg1 & x is     
exce$+ly dang]\s to fe$ ! *ick any food 
dur+ t p]iod1 z ! *ick w be sure to     
exp]i5ce dige/ive  tr\bles1 if any ?+   
besides wat] & grit is giv5 to ! *icks  
= ! fir/ two days4 ,!re=e1 ^! *icks are 
plac$ 9 a well  v5tilat$ box & s5t by   
p>cel po/ (t5 z f> z a ?\s&  miles1 ) no
 loss 9 mortality4 ,= "o t has no       
incubator or  mature h5s1 ?is (f]s a v  
satisfactory me?od ( />t+ out  9 ! *ick5
 bus9ess4 ,!re are comm]cial hat*]ies   
all ov] !  c\ntry t make a bus9ess (    
pur*as+ hat*+ eggs f rais]s  ( purebr$  
p\ltry1 & hat*+ ^! eggs 9 mammo?        
incubators1  sell+ ! *icks z soon z     
hat*$1 9 ! mann] describ$4    ,?us1 ! "o
 int]e/$ 9 gett+ a />t 9 p\ltry has an  
option  on ei!r ( ^! ?ree ways4 ,! local
 circum/ances ( ! pur*as]  w l>gely     

det]m9e :i* me?od w be ! be/4 ,b :i* ev]
  me?od is us$1 let me caution y t too  
mu* c>e c n be giv5  9 f9d+ a s\rce t is
 p]fectly honorable 9 _! bus9ess        
deal+s1 z !re has be5 9 ! pa/ a         
consid]able am\nt ( unfair  deal+ on !  
"p ( "s deal]s 9 ! p\ltry bus9ess1 b ,i 
am glad to say t ^! p are fa/ be+ we$$  
out1 & !  t5d5cy is n[ = hone/1 upright 
deal+s 9 all ?ree bran*es (  ! indu/ry1 
z ! di%one/ p h f\nd t _! me?ods  =c$ !m
 out ( ! bus9ess4 ,n ev]ybody w be      
indep5d5t (  ! incubator1 h[ev]1 s we w 
next discuss some?+ 9 reg>d  to !       
comm]cial incubator1 also includ+ &     
comp>+ ! natural  incubation ( ! egg4   
,,*apt] ,,iv4    ,,incubation      ,9   
ord] to get a bett] idea ( artificial   
incubation1 let u fir/  exam9e a few    
facts conc]n+ ! way 9 :i* ! h5 hat*es h]
  eggs 9 ! natural process4 ,! f]tile   
egg is hat*$ :5 ! egg  is subject$ to a 
heat ov] #ajj degrees1 ,f41 = a p]iod ( 
ab\t  tw5ty-"o days4 ,! "m h51 by sett+ 
on ! eggs = ?is  p]iod1 w br+ (f h] hat*

 on ! tw5ty-fir/ day1 if %e has  be5    
giv5 ord9>y c>e4 ,let u see :at are !   
pr9ciples involv$  9 ?is natural        
incubation1 t we may ! bett] und]/& !   
artificial me?od ( incubation4    ,:5 ! 
h5 fir/ becomes broody1 & wants to sit1 
%e might try to  8/eal h] ne/40 ,?is is 
ano!r way ( say+ t %e w try to  locate  
"s seclud$ spot1 & aft] %e has succe$$ 9
 lay+ a  doz5 or fifte5 eggs1 %e w !n   
sp5d ne>ly h] entire "t on  ! ne/1 until
 %e pr\dly m>*es back to h] old haunts )
 a small  clut* ( *ick5s4    ,x is a    
natural in/9ct ( mo/ h5s to become      
broody 9 ! spr+  ( ! ye>1 to reproduce  
_! k9d4 ,a con/ant desire to sit on !   
ne/ is a sure sign ( brood9ess4 ,:5 "o  
has ! eggs to put "u  ! h5 to hat*1 x is
 be/ fir/ to try to secure a g5]al      
purpose  bird = ?is me?od1 z !y h be5   
f\nd ! be/1 = reasons  previ\sly /at$4  
,n[ let u prep>e a ne/ = ! bird1 s t %e 
w h a good  opportunity to d h] be/ "w4 
,we c ei!r p>tition (f a "p  ( ! *ick5  
h\se1 or we c fix up a ne/ 9 ano!r      

build+  entirely1 su* z a g>age1 b>n1 or
 any o!r build+ t we may  h on !        
premises4 ,next let u take "s soil1 &   
make a r\nd  ne/1 ov] a foot 9 diamet]1 
& f\r or five in*es deep4 ,!n we  w dig 
out ! c5t] ( ! ne/1 s z to make x holl[ 
9 !  middle1 leav+ at lea/ two in*es    
dep? 9 ! c5t]4 ,!n we w  cov] ?is e>? ) 
a few in*es ( cut /raw1 %av+s1 or       
leaves1  & press ?is cov]+ d[n to con=m 
to ! %ape ( ! soil  f\ndation4 ,we c n[ 
place our eggs = hat*+ 9 ! ne/1 & put  !
 bird on !m4 ,h[ev]1 be/ results w be   
obta9$ if we wait  until t[>ds ev5+ be=e
 we place ! bird on ! ne/1 z %e w  be m 
cont5t$ !n4 ,take ! bird t y h *os5 &   
place  h] g5tly ^u ! ne/ ( eggs4 ,if %e 
is at all broody1 %e w be  q cont5t$ :5 
%e feels ! eggs und]nea? h]1 & settle   
d[n  to bus9ess at once4 ,! h5 %\ld sp5d
 practically all ( ! next  ?ree weeks ^u
 ! ne/1 ! only "t t %e %\ld be all[$ to 
leave be+ ! %ort "t t %e takes food &   
wat] twice a day4  ,hav+ a quiet place1 
& giv+ h] n\ri%m5t twice a day1 %e w  be

 q cont5t$4 ,! h5 does n ne$ any special
 ration dur+  ?is "t1 o!r ?an "o t is   
fairly heat+4 ,corn is excell5t  dur+   
?is p]iod1 supplem5t$ ) a few o!r gra9s1
 su* z oats1  :eat1 etc4 ,a suffici5t   
am\nt ( fre% wat] %\ld be available1    
toge!r ) "s k9d ( gre5 food1 if         
possible1 su* z cabbage or  mangoes4 ,! 
hat* w n be endang]$ by ! h5 leav+ ! ne/
  to eat4 ,9 fact1 x is b5eficial to !  
eggs to be tempor>ily cool$1  at lea/   
once a day1 :ile ! h5 is (f ! ne/ = a   
:ile4    ,! h5 has a habit ( turn+ !    
eggs "u h] e day1 n only  remov+ _!     
position f ! c5t] to ! outside1 & vice  
v]sa1 b also turn+ !m ov]1 s t p]haps ! 
"p ( ! egg  t 0 9 contact ) ! ne/ "o    
day1 w be 9 contact )  ! h5's body !    
next day4 ,or1 9 o!r words1 %e turns x  
half  way ar\nd4 ,^! are all            
peculi>ities t we h to imitate 9        
artificial incubation1 if we w\ld be    
successful4 ,n[ t we h se5  ! process ( 
! natural me?od ( incubation1 let u see 
h[ !  +5uity ( man has successfully     

imitat$ ! "m h51 & made  possible !     
hat*+ ( a f> great] numb] ( *icks ?an ! 
h5  c naturally hat*4    ,9 ! fir/      
place1 !re are a great _m incubators on 
! m>ket1  "s be+ made to sell1 & o!rs   
be+ made to use4 ,h[ %all we  det]m9e ! 
make to buy8 ,t is n ! easie/ "q 9 !    
_w1 if "o has _h no previ\s exp]i5ce )  
incubators4 ,d n  necess>ily buy !      
incubator t is adv]tis$ ! mo/4          
,sometimes  incubator companies h to    
adv]tise ext5sively to d a suffici5t    
volume ( bus9ess4 ,! safe/ way to *oose 
an incubator1 if y  really int5d to     
pur*ase "o1 is to get ! advice ( "s "o  
:o is us+ "o1 & has _h success ) ! ma*9e
 t he has  us$4 ,"s ( ! *eap] makes h ! 
tr\ble ( too v>y+ a  temp]ature1        
especially dur+ ! night4 ,if "o has to  
arise five or  six times a night = ?ree 
weeks to regulate ! lamp to ma9ta9 a    
con/ant temp]ature1 !n ! incubator is m 
bo!r ?an x is  wor?4 ,!re=e1 f9d out !  
makes ( incubators t are giv+           
satisfaction 9 y\r own community1 if y  

are int5d+ to pur*ase  "o1 & !n s5d = "o
 ( a simil> make4 ,h[ev]1 if y h n      
en\gh eggs to w>rant pur*as+ "o1 !n try 
to arrange ) someone  to loan y "o1 or  
to put y\r eggs 9 ) "s ( !irs1 s z to   
elim9ate ?is exp5se4    ,!re are 9 g5]al
 two types ( incubators1 ! hot wat] & ! 
hot air1 ! latt] be+ q ! m popul> ( !   
two4 ,!re  are sev]al diff]5t sizes (   
incubators1 rang+ f a fifty egg         
capacity up to a ?\s& egg capacity      
ma*9e4 ,an incubator ) a  hundr$ egg    
capacity is usually suffici5tly l>ge    
en\gh = !  small p\ltry keep]4 ,by runn+
 ?ree or f\r hat*es dur+ ! same  season1
 a good numb] ( *icks c be hat*$4       
,!re are a few requirem5ts t mu/ be     
fulfill$ to realize !  be/ results f an 
incubator4 ,fir/ & =emo/1 always foll[ !
  in/ructions t come ) ! incubator4 ,!  
manufactur]s ( !  incubator "k m ab\t _!
 incubator ?an y d4 ,ano!r ?+  t %\ld be
 borne 9 m9d is t y mu/ n expect e egg  
t is plac$ 9 ! incubator to produce a   
*ick4 ,a v good hat*  is ab\t #ge p]    

c5t4 ,( c\rse1 ?is v>ies consid]ably1   
rang+ all  ! way f no?+ to z high z     
sometimes #ajj p] c5t4 ,usually "o  c   
reasonably expect z high z a #fj p] c5t 
hat*1 at lea/1 &  v (t5 x goes          
consid]ably high]1 accord+ to !         
conditions  "u :i* x is run4    ,moi/ure
 is a prime ess5tial = ! prop] runn+ (  
an incubator1  & ?is %\ld be provid$ =4 
,if possible1 arrange to run !          
incubator 9 a cell>1 or "s damp place4  
,?is c be aid$1 by  spr9kl+ wat] on !   
floor1 etc4 ,c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ 9 runn+ 
! incubator t fire is gu>d$ aga9/1 & "s 
insurance  companies make special       
provisions 9 _! policies = su*          
occasions1  & make a slightly high] *>ge
 = _! policies1 because ( !  dang]4     
,ano!r ess5tial condition = a successful
 hat* ) ! incubator  is prop]           
v5tilation4 ,mo/ ma*9es are provid$ )   
some?+  = ! admission ( fre% air4 ,x is 
also necess>y t ! room  conta9+ !       
incubator be air$ frequ5tly to admit    
fre% air1 b  n 9 su* a mann] t ! eggs w 

become *ill$1 or t  too mu* air w be    
admitt$ s z to c>ry (f ! moi/ure4 ,mo/  
incubators c>ry prop] directions s z to 
provide aga9/ ?is dang]4    ,! ?ird     
condition necess>y = prop] runn+ ( !    
incubator is  ! ma9t5ance ( a con/ant   
temp]ature4 ,x is usually advisable to  
h ! temp]ature ab\t #ajb degrees ,f4 !  
fir/ week1 #ajc degrees  ! second week1 
& #ajd degrees ! ?ird week4 ,any s]i\s  
deviation  f #ajc degrees w result 9 a  
poor hat*4    ,n[1 !n we w conclude ?is 
*apt] ) a few po9t]s on runn+  !        
incubator dur+ ! hat*+ p]iod4 ,x is     
always well to run !  incubator a day or
 two empty1 s z to get ! idea ( h[ to   
be/  ma9ta9 ! requir$ temp]ature4 ,clean
 ! lamp ?or\ghly be=e  runn+1 & !n dur+ 
! hat*1 always t5d to ! lamp aft] !     
eggs h be5 turn$1 & nev] be=e1 because  
if ! h&s are  sme>$ ) k]os5e1 "s ( ?is  
is b\nd to be left on ! %ells1  :i* w   
result 9 a poor hat*4 ,d n all[ ! lamp  
to be 9 a  draft1 & clean ! wick e day1 
s z to prev5t ! lamp f  smok+4    ,aft] 

! fir/ few days1 ! eggs %\ld be turn$ at
 lea/ once a  day1 & ev5 bett]1 twice a 
day4 ,?is is to imitate ! "m h51  :o    
does ?is on ! ne/4 ,if ! eggs are n     
turn$1 !n ! embryo  ( ! *ick w adh]e to 
! %ell ( ! egg1 & ei!r die1 or be       
crippl$ beyond hope4    ,we mu/ imitate 
! "m h5 aga9 9 ! artificial incubation (
  *icks1 9 reg>d to cool+4 ,we saw 9 !  
previ\s *apt]1 h[ !  h5 leaves h] ne/   
occasionally to take food & wat]1 ) no  
ill  effects on ! hat*4 ,likewise we mu/
 cool ! eggs 9 ! incubator4  ,?is c     
usually be/ be accompli%$ :ile turn+ !  
eggs4 ,five or  t5 m9utes a day are     
usually suffici5t = ! prop] cool+1      
unless  x is ne> ! end ( ! hat*1 :5     
tw5ty or ?irty m9utes c be  us$ = ?is   
purpose ) safety4    ,on ! sev5? & !    
f\rte5? day1 x is a good plan to te/ !  
eggs 9 ! incubator1 s t ! inf]tile eggs 
may be remov$4 ,?is  is done by a       
process kn[n z c&l+4 ,hold ea* egg up 9 
front ( a  light & note ! appe>ance ( ! 
int]ior ( ! egg4 ,?is c be  done by mak+

 a hole 9 a box1 t w fit ov] a light or 
lamp1 &  !n hold+ ! eggs up to ! light1 
%[+ ?r\gh ! hole1 :i*  %\ld be 9 l9e ) !
 flame4 ,if ! egg appe>s cle>1 free f   
any d>k spots1 !n ! egg c be tak5 out ( 
! incubator1 z x  is n f]tile1 & w n    
hat*4 ,h[ev]1 if ! egg %[s a d>k  spot1 
ab\t ! size ( a bean1 & y c detect small
 blood vessels  runn+ f x1 !n y may be  
assur$ t ! egg is com+ along  9 good    
%ape1 & w hat* out 9 due "t4    ,) ^!   
po9ts well 9 m9d1 "o w h little         
difficulty 9  prop]ly runn+ an          
incubator1 provid+ he has a reliable    
ma*9e to  beg9 )4 ,( ! matt]s consid]$ 9
 ?is *apt]1 probably !  mo/ important   
factor ( all is ! con/ant ma9t5ance ( a 
uni=m  temp]ature4 ,n[1 !n1 let u       
consid] t ! *icks are pipp+ !  %ells &  
are ready to />t out 9 life4 ,we w !re=e
 consid]  ! c>e ( ! *icks 9 ! next      
*apt]1 until !y are able to c>e  =      
!mselves4          ,,*apt] ,v4          
,,brood+      ,:e!r we hat*$ ! eggs by  
means ( an incubator1 or b\ght !        

day-old *icks1 if we h no "m h5 to c>e =
 ! *icks aft]  !y are hat*$1 we mu/ take
 c>e ( !m ourselves4 ,?is is call$  !   
brood+ p]iod4 ,unless ! hat* is q late1 
:i*1 by ! way1  is n desirable1 we w h  
to arrange to supply "s *eap1 simple  =m
 ( artificial heat1 to prev5t ! "y      
*ick5s f gett+  *ill$4 ,?is is          
accompli%$ 9 sev]al diff]5t ways1 b we w
  only discuss ! m common ways "h4      
,!re are sev]al diff]5t makes (         
readymade brood]s on ! m>ket1  b "o c 9 
a few h\rs sp>e "t1 con/ruct a brood] t 
w  answ] ! purpose4 ,! *ief "p ( !      
brood] is ! s\rce (  heat4 ,usually ^!  
heat]s c be b\ght = a few doll>s1 &     
plac$  9 a good box suppli$ ) a little  
litt] on ! bottom4    ,a common         
arrangem5t ) brood] equipm5ts is to h   
two  comp>tm5ts1 "o :]e a hov] is plac$1
 & ! re/ ( !  brood] con/itut+ a run = !
 *icks4 ,! two comp>tm5ts are  usually  
p>tition$ (f f ea* o!r1 all[+ j en\gh   
room  at ! bottom ( ! p>tition to all[ !
 *icks to pass f "o  comp>tm5t to ! o!r4

 ,9 ! hov] comp>tm5t is plac$ !  heat]1 
& a metal canopy1 s t ! heat w be held  
d[n close to  ! floor1 :]e ! *icks are  
locat$4 ,at fir/1 ! *icks %\ld be       
conf9$ to ?is hov] entirely1 because !y 
are liable to get lo/ if  !y w&] away f 
! hov]1 & consequ5tly die f *ill+4  ,!  
temp]ature ( ! hov] comp>tm5t dur+ !    
fir/ week %\ld  be ab\t #if degrees ,f41
 & ea* succe$+ week x %\ld be l[]$  by  
at lea/ two degrees4 ,?is c be done by  
controll+ ! lamp1  or :at ev] heat] is  
us$1 or by gradually rais+ or l[]+ !    
canopy ov] ! *icks4 ,?is me?od gradually
 t\gh5s ! *icks up1  s t !y c soon be   
let out doors4 ,aft] ! fir/ week or s1  
!y %\ld be enc\rag$ to get out into !   
o!r comp>tm5t =  ex]cise1 z ?is w aid 9 
mak+ !m h>dy4 ,aft] ! fir/ few  weeks ( 
! life ( ! *icks are pa/1 !y w ne$ less 
c>e &  att5tion4 ,^! fir/ few weeks are 
! critical weeks ( ! bird's  life4 ,aft]
 ! *icks get accu/om$ to ! temp]ature   
out 9 !  run ( ! brood]1 x is advisable 
to cut a small hole at ! run end  ( !   

brood] box1 s t on pleasant days !y c   
run outside on  ! gr\nd ar\nd ! brood]4 
,9 ?is case1 h[ev]1 !y mu/ n be  all[$  
to run v f> at fir/1 & only = a %ort    
:ile until !y  gradually become accu/om$
 to ! practice4    ,ano!r important     
consid]ation 9 rais+ ! "y *ick to       
maturity  is ! matt] ( food4 ,probably  
no o!r ?+ is responsible = su*  a high  
mortality 9 "y *icks1 z is improp] fe$+4
 ,we h  le>n$ 9 a previ\s *apt] t x is  
exce$+ly dang]\s to fe$  ! *ick any?+ 9 
! l9e ( food = ! fir/ two days ( its    
life4 ,_m p are afraid ! *icks w die if 
n f$ imm$iately  aft] hat*+1 & ha/5 to  
fe$ ! *ick all t x w eat4  ,unless !    
*ick is end[$ ) a wond]ful dige/ive     
sy/em1 x  w succumb to ?is ov]-fe$+     
?r\gh dige/ive disord]s4 ,x  is         
p]missible to put a little grit be=e !  
*ick at ?is "t1  because ! *ick has no  
tee?1 & nev] w h1 s !y eat !  grit1 &   
?is grit passes d[n to ! gizz>d1 :i*    
gr9ds ! food  9 place ( gr9d+ ) ! tee?1 
z ) o!r animals4 ,fre%  wat] is also    

good = ! *ick dur+ ?is p]iod1 z ! wat]  
qu5*es _! ?ir/1 & makes !m liveli]4     
,t[>ds ! end ( !  second day1 x is well 
to fe$ ! *ick a little s\r skim milk1 or
  butt]milk4 ,s\r milk is sup]ior to !  
sweet milk = two reasons4  ,fir/1 ! s\r 
skim milk has bact]ia t aid 9 dige/ion1 
&  secondly1 x w be f\nd t x w be h>d to
 keep ! milk sweet  all ! "t1 & by fe$+ 
sweet milk "p ( ! "t1 & !n  lett+ x     
become s\r1 dige/ive tr\bles are liable 
to develop4  ,h5ce1 by hav+ x s\r all ! 
"t1 no dang] f ?is s\rce w  be exp]i5c$4
    ,n[1 we are ready to consid] :at k9d
 ( gra9 we %all fe$ !  *ick4 ,on ! ?ird 
day we c />t to fe$ a little gra94 ,:at 
is  kn[n z p9head oatmeal is v good to  
/>t ! "y *ick out on4  ,"s fe$ h>d boil$
 eggs & dri$ bread = ! fir/ fe$+ )  good
 results4 ,x is important to note t only
 en\gh ( ?is fir/  solid food %\ld be f$
 t !y c clean up 9 a %ort "t4 ,keep  !m 
hungry1 & rememb] t x is mu* saf] to "u 
fe$ ?an to  ov] fe$4    ,= ! next week1 
or s1 a scrat* ration1 compos$ ( crack$ 

corn1  p9head oatmeal1 crack$ :eat1     
toge!r ) a little grit1 & f9ely  gr\nd  
oy/] %ells c be f$4 ,?is c be f$ 9 !    
litt]1 s t  ! *icks h to ex]cise to get 
x4 ,9 fact1 t is j :at we  mean by a    
scrat*+ ration2 "o compos$ ( :ole or    
crack$ gra9s1  mix$ 9 ) ! litt]1 s t !  
*icks w h to scrat* =  _! fe$1 & !reby  
obta9 ! ex]cise necess>y to _! heal?4   
,if a little gre5 fe$ ( any k9d c be    
add$1 s mu* ! bett]4  ,gre5 grass is    
excell5t to ?r[ into ! *icks4    ,aft]  
two weeks or m ( ?is k9d ( fe$1 x is    
well to supplem5t  ?is ration ) a dry   
ma%4 ,a dry ma% is a fe$ compos$ ( gr\nd
  fe$s1 t require no "w on ! "p ( ! bird
 to gr9d4 ,fe$s  l :eat bran1 gr\nd     
oats1 corn meal1 etc41 are good examples
 (  su* fe$s4 ,:eat bran is especially  
well lik$ by ^! "y birds1  & x is       
recomm5d$ t !y be all[$ to h ?is z a    
l>ge  "p ( _! dry ma%4 ,?is fe$ %\ld n  
be f$ 9 ! litt]1 z  ! crack$ gra9s1 b   
plac$ 9 "s su* conta9] z a pan1 or      
bett] /ill1 9 a regul> fe$ hopp]4 ,x c  

readily be se5 t  if ?is f9ely gr\nd    
gra9 0 scatt]$ 9 ! litt]1 x w\ld be     
l>gely lo/ & wa/$4 ,also1 if put 9 a    
pan1 ! pan mu/ be l[  en\gh to be       
accessible to ! birds1 & cov]$ ov] 9 su*
 a mann]  t ! *icks w n get 9 & walk    
ar\nd 9 x4 ,a homemade  hopp] c be      
easily built1 s t ! *icks c j get _!    
heads  91 & no m4 ,d n =get t ! s\r skim
 milk or butt]milk  mu/ be f$ all ?is   
"t4 ,9 fact1 ?is "p ( ! fe$ %\ld be f$  
"r ?r\gh ! bird's life1 z x supplies !  
animal prote91 :i*  is s necess>y to !  
prop] developm5t ( ! bird's gr[?4       
,n[1 !n1 j a few m words 9 clos+ ?is    
*apt] on brood+4  ,we %\ld aim to t\gh5 
! birds up z quickly z possible1 s  t :5
 !y are ab\t two mon?s old1 no          
artificial heat w  be necess>y1 & if !  
birds are ( a late hat*1 ?is c be       
accompli%$ mu* soon]4 ,enc\rage !m to   
get out ( doors z  quickly z possible1 &
 to get gre5 fe$4    ,a v s]i\s cause ( 
dea? among "y *ick5s is f disease4      
,:ite di>rhoea is probably "o ( ! mo/   

common ( ^! diseases1  & un=tunately1 "o
 ( ! mo/ fatal4 ,if ! dropp+s are ( a   
:ite1 wat]y nature1 ) an (f5sive odor1 y
 may well believe  t ?is disease is     
pres5t1 & ! ?+ to d is to get ! birds   
?us affect$ out ( ! way at once1 &      
dis9fect ) "s good  dis9fectant4 ,h[ev]1
 if ! precautions are tak5 t are set =? 
9 ?is booklet1 no dang] ( ?is dread$    
disease c be anticipat$4    ,n[ t we h  
got ! *icks along ?r\gh ! brood+ p]iod1 
let  u next consid] j h[ we %all raise  
^! *icks to maturity1 s  z to get !m    
ready to lay eggs1 or to make a good    
meat c>cass4          ,,*apt] ,,vi4     
,,re>+ ,,*icks ,,to ,,maturity4      ,"o
 ( ! *ief ?+s to rememb] 9 rais+ "y     
*icks to maturity  is t we mu/ keep !m  
gr[+ at all times4 ,a *eck 9 _!  gr[? w 
ret>d _! gr[? sev]ely1 & ?is mu/ be     
avoid$  by ! "o t wants 8 *icks to get  
into w9t] lay+ condition  be=e ! cold   
wea!r comes4 ,we w n[ consid] a few     
important  factors t are necess>y to br+
 our *icks along to rapid gr[?4    ,(   

c\rse1 :]e free1 unre/rict$ range is    
possible1 ! *icks  w progress fa/] ?an  
:5 coop$ up 9 a small y>d4 ,if no free  
range is possible1 x w be f\nd          
advantage\s to at lea/ let  ! *icks run 
ab\t ! y>d ( ! lot4 ,9 ?is mann]1 !y c  
pick up consid]able food 9 ! %ape (     
worms1 insects1 etc41 t  w furni%       
valuable gr[+ food = !m4 ,let me repeat 
aga9 !  necessity ( hav+ milk 9 "s =m z 
a con/itu5t ( ! *icks'  food4 ,any food 
t comes f an animal1 :e!r x be milk or a
 "p  ( ! animal itself1 is highly       
ess5tial to ! gr[? ( ! *ick4  ,su* foods
 conta9 an elem5t kn[n z vitam9es1 :i*  
sci5ti/s h  rec5tly discov]$ contribute 
greatly to ! gr[? & upkeep ( a  gr[+    
animal4 ,vitam9es are also f\nd to "s   
ext5t 9 gre5 fe$s1  su* z c>rots1       
cabbages1 mangoes1 etc4 ,ev5 well cur$  
alfalfa hay  conta9s ?is important      
elem5t4 ,x is q obvi\s1 !re=e1 t  if !  
*icks are out roam+ ar\nd ! y>d or      
range1 !y n only  secure ! ex]cise t is 
necess>y = _! prop] developm5t1  b !y   

also pick up insects1 z has be5 m5tion$1
 & consid]able  gre5 fe$1 su* z grass1  
we$s1 & v>i\s o!r odds & ends4    ,if a 
fair siz$ lot or range is to be _h1 !n x
 w be f\nd a  great aid to make a little
 h\se = ! *icks to live 9 dur+ !  nights
 on ! range1 al?\gh c>e mu/ be ex]cis$ t
 !y be  protect$ f enemies1 su* z rats1 
cr[s1 skunks1 weasels1 owls1  etc4 ,su* 
a h\se ne$ n be exp5sive at all if x be 
made out ( an  old pack+ box t w protect
 ! *icks f ra9 & enemies4    ,ano!r q   
ess5tial feature = ! promotion ( !      
maximum gr[?  ( ! *icks dur+ ! w>m summ]
 mon?s is ! provision = %ade4  ,if !re  
are "s trees ab\t ! y>d or range1 ?is w 
answ] !  purpose satisfactorily1 b if   
!re are no trees :]e ! *icks  roam1 !n  
"s artificial %ade is advis$4 ,"s p     
plant corn  = ?is purpose1 all[+ ! *icks
 to range among ! corn plants  :5 ! corn
 has gr[n suffici5tly high4 ,! *icks w n
 h>m !  corn1 s two ends c be accompli%$
 by ?is means4 ,o!rs provide  ?is %ade  
by ga!r+ old bru% toge!r & mak+ an      

artificial  %ade 9 ?is mann]4 ,dur+ !   
hot days ( summ]1 ! *icks w  suff] f !  
heat to a m>k$ degree if expos$ to ! hot
 rays (  ! sun4 ,an ideal me?od us$ on  
_m f>ms is to place ! *icks 9  ! or*>d1 
:]e !re is an or*>d1 & let ! *icks roam 
9 !  %ade ( ! or*>d trees4    ,:]e birds
 are necess>ily conf9$ to a small y>d1  
"o me?od t  has be5 work$ out           
satisfactorily1 is to f5ce ! y>d (f into
 two  or m divisions1 & to pl[ up ! l&4 
,!n v>i\s crops c be  s[n at diff]5t    
int]vals1 s t :5 "o range1 or division1 
is  consum$ by ! *icks1 !y c be turn$   
into ano!r division :]e  ! =age crop is 
up & ready to be consum$4 ,z soon z !   
*icks  are turn$ out ( ! fir/ lot1 ?is  
lot c be imm$iately pl[$ up  aga91 & "s 
m se$s plant$1 s t ?is range w be ready 
= ! *icks :5 ! second lot furni%es no m 
n\ri%m5t =  !m4 ,x might be add$ "h t _m
 t[n flocks ( full gr[n  birds are      
ma9ta9$1 by ?is v sy/em1 & x has work$  
out v  nicely4 ,su* gra9s z buck:eat1   
rye1 oats1 peas1 & soy beans are  all   

excell5t crops to s[ 9 ?is mann]1 us+   
oats & peas = !  fir/ crop1 because !y  
mature quick] ?an ! o!r crops m5tion$4  
,if ! *icks h access to a fair am\nt (  
range !y w n ne$  a great deal ( gra9 z 
a ration4 ,h[ev]1 x is always advisable 
to fe$ "s gra9s to keep ! birds         
cont9ually gr[+ z fa/ z  possible4 ,x   
has be5 prov$ conclusively t ! fir/ ga9s
 made by  ! gr[+ *icks are ! *eape/1 9  
reg>d to ! co/ ( fe$1 s  let u keep ?is 
9 m9d dur+ ! "t :5 we h !m on range4    
,to accompli% ?is end1 x is well to h a 
dry ma% ( ! k9d (  gra9s t are fairly   
ri* 9 ! sub/ance call$ prote9 always    
available 9 ! hopp]4 ,! reason = ?is ne$
 ( prote9 fe$ is  simply t ! gr[+ bird  
uses ?is elem5t l>gely 9 ! gr[?  ( its  
body4 ,prote9 goes to make up ! bony    
framework ( ! body1  & ! muscles1       
t5dons1 etc4 ,!re=e1 fe$s conta9+       
prote91  or a fair am\nt ( x at lea/1   
%\ld be gr\nd up1 & kept be=e  ! birds4 
,oats1 bran1 or middl+s1 :eat & b>ley1  
are all fairly  ri* 9 prote91 & "s ( ^! 

fe$s1 9 a f9ely gr\nd condition1  %\ld  
be includ$4 ,x is also well to add "s   
corn meal1 al?\gh  ?is fe$ is n high 9  
prote91 x supplies a great am\nt ( en]gy
  = ! bird to move ar\nd )4 ,z soon z ! 
birds are old en\gh  comm5ce to fe$     
crack$ gra9s4 ,z has be5 said 9 a       
previ\s  *apt]1 ! bird has no tee?1 s   
mu/ rely ^u grit to gr9d ?is  fe$ 9 !   
gizz>d4    ,!re=e1 unless ! birds h a   
wide range1 ?is grit mu/ be             
artificially suppli$4 ,!n ! birds c help
 !mselves to _!  ne$s1 & suff] no       
dige/ive tr\bles4 ,fre% wat] mu/ be be=e
  ! birds at all times1 & if no natural 
s\rce is available1 su*  z a runn+ /ream
 or brook1 !n fre% wat] mu/ be plac$ 9  
"s  sanit>y conta9] out 9 ! y>d or      
range4    ,f f\r to six mon?s f ! "t !  
*ick is hat*$1 x %\ld  be ready to />t  
lay+ eggs4 ,! *ick fir/ has to get its  
gr[?  & maturity1 & !n !re is an app>5t 
re/+ p]iod = a few  weeks1 to all[ !    
organs ( ! bird to get ready = egg      
production4  ,we w next consid] h[ we   

%all fe$ ^! birds1 grant+ t we  n[ h !m 
ready to produce ! eggs4                
,,*apt] ,,vii4    ,,fe$+ ,,= ,,egg      
,,production      ,z has be5 said 9 an  
e>li] *apt]1 to get ! maximum egg       
production1 ?ree ?+s are ess5tial4 ,!y  
are3 good f\ndation  /ock1 prop] h\s+1 &
 prop] fe$+4 ,we may h ! be/ *ick5  h\se
 9 ! _w1 & ! highe/ pric$ /ock          
obta9able1 b if we  d n fe$ our birds ! 
"r k9d ( food1 all our o!r ef=ts are  9 
va94 ,let u consid] fir/ a few facts    
conc]n+ ! composition  ( ! egg1 & !n we 
w be able to und]/& m intellig5tly  :y  
we %\ld fe$ ! lay+ bird ^! c]ta9 fe$s4  
,ab\t #ad p] c5t ( ! composition ( ! egg
 is prote91 #aj p]  c5t fat1 & !        
rema9d]1 except ! %ell1 is wat]4 ,n[ x  
mu/  be rememb]$ t ! ord9>y prote9      
supply ( mo/ food mat]ials  is          
relatively l[4 ,corn conta9s ab\t #g p] 
c5t dige/ible prote91  oats & b>ley ab\t
 #i p] c5t1 & bran ab\t #ab p] c5t4 ,!  
r\ghages are consid]ably l[]1 :ile gre5 
fe$s c>ry ab\t "o or  two p] c5t prote94

 ,f ?is we c get an idea ab\t !         
necessity  ( wat*+ ! fe$+ to ! ext5t t  
?is valuable con/itu5t  is suffici5tly  
suppli$4 ,fur!rmore1 ! h5 t is produc+  
^!  eggs ne$s a fair am\nt ( ?is prote9 
= fur!r gr[? & body  upkeep4 ,ano!r po9t
 wor? rememb]+ is ! fact t ! bird1 or   
any o!r animal1 ?r\gh natural in/9ct1   
always sees to x t !  fir/ requirem5t1 t
 ( bodily gr[? & upkeep are ma9ta9$     
fir/ ) ! food !y are giv51 s t to get ! 
mo/ f !  birds1 let u n hold !m d[n to j
 a ma9t5ance ration1 b give  !m en\gh 9 
addition s t !y c n only ma9ta9 _! body 
requirem5ts prop]ly1 b also h en\gh food
 mat]ial to yield a  product4    ,!     
ration = ! lay+ h5 %\ld consi/ ( ! two  
=ms ( gra92  fir/1 ! :ole or crack$     
gra9s t comprise ! scrat* ration1  & :i*
 %\ld always be ?r[n 9 ! litt]1 s t !y w
  h to ex]cise to get x1 & second1 ! dry
 ma%1 or a mixture  ( v>i\s gra9s t are 
gr\nd up & f$ 9 hopp]s4 ,z has be5  /at$
 be=e1 ?is gr9d+ ( ! fe$ is simply to   
make x easily  dige/ible4 ,fur!rmore1   

su* f9ely gr\nd gra9s usually conta9 a  
high] p]c5tage ( prote9 ?an ! o!r gra9s4
 ,by ?is is meant  t fe$s l bran1       
oilmeal1 etc41 are q a bit high] 9      
prote9  ?an are gra9s l corn1 :eat1     
b>ley1 etc4    ,! next important fe$    
requirem5t = ! lay+ h5 %\ld be  a m9]al 
fe$ ( "s k9d4 ,) _m f>m & city flocks   
?is  important consid]ation is entirely 
ignor$4 ,_m times ! reason  = poor egg  
production re/s solely 9 ! lack ( prop] 
m9]al  foods4 ,:5 x is consid]$ t ab\t  
#ab p]c5t ( ! entire egg is  compos$ (  
%ell mat]ial1 x c readily be se5 t !    
fe$+ (  ?is mat]ial is important1 &     
wor?y ( att5tion4 ,we c give !  lay+    
bird all ! ri* fe$s t we c buy1 b if we 
)hold f  h] ! mat]ial t goes to =m !    
%ell1 !n ! bird w be  unable to lay h]  
eggs because %e has no %ell to cov] !   
egg4 ,!re  are diff]5t s\rces ( m9]al   
food1 b all au?orities are agre$  t oy/]
 %ells =m ! mo/ economical s\rce ( %ell 
mat]ial4  ,^! oy/] %ells c be b\ght at  
groc]y /ores1 or p\ltry supply  h\ses4  

,?is mat]ial %\ld be plac$ 9 a box or1  
bett] /ill1 a  hopp]1 :]e x w be        
accessible to ! birds at all times4     
,clam  %ells1 lime rock grit1 & dry bone
 9 small sizes are o!r s\rces  ( m9]al  
matt]1 & possibly ev5 bett] results c be
 obta9$ by  add+ a small quantity ( ^!  
o!r fe$s to ! oy/] %ells1 b  plan to h  
oy/] %ells z ! basis ( ! m9]al supply4  
,*>coal  is sometimes f$ to *ick5s )    
good results4 ,"s birds eat ?is1  :ile  
o!rs w n4 ,x is claim$ t *>coal aids 9  
regulat+  ! dige/ive sy/em ( ! f[l4 ,"o 
c try ?is out to satisfy 8  own ideas 9 
?is reg>d4    ,animal fe$ is ! next     
class ( fe$s t we w consid] 9 !  fe$+ ( 
our lay+ flock4 ,x is ! te/imony (      
p\ltrym5 t  :5 !y hang up a fre% piece (
 meat 9 ! p\ltry h\se1 su* z  a "p ( a  
calf1 an old horse1 rabbit1 or any o!r  
su* c>cass1  ! birds always respond ) a 
mu* high] yield 9 egg production4  ,?is 
simply re9=ces ! /atem5t made 9 a       
previ\s *apt]1 t  animal prote9 ( "s k9d
 is ne$$ by ! birds if !y are to d  _!  

be/4 ,if meat is suppli$1 c>e mu/ be    
ex]cis$ t x does  n spoil be=e x is     
consum$4 ,x is bett] to put 9 small     
pieces at  a "t1 s t ! birds w eat x up 
quickly4 ,if ?is meat c be  run ?r\gh a 
gr9d] ( "s k9d1 x w be eat5 mu* m       
readily  ?an if x has to be torn to     
pieces by ! birds4 ,milk ( "s k9d is    
also an animal prote91 z has be5 repeat$
 "h sev]al times4 ,meat  meal or tankage
 conta9s a high p]c5tage ( prote91 & z  
?is is  an animal product1 x is an      
economical fe$4    ,wat] is our la/     
class ( fe$s = ! lay+ h54 ,?is c be     
suppli$ 9 two ways4 ,! fir/ way is f !  
wat] direct1 plac$  9 "s k9d ( a pan t  
is cov]$ s t ! birds c n soil  ! wat]1  
by p]*+ on ! edge ( ! pan1 etc4 ,fre%   
wat] %\ld  be be=e ! birds at all times1
 z we h j le>n$ a few pages  back t ab\t
 #fe p] c5t ( ! egg is compos$ ( wat]4  
,besides  ?is1 ! birds ne$ wat] = _!    
body requirem5ts4 ,9 ! w9t]  :5 ! birds 
sp5d practically all ( _! "t 9 ! p\ltry 
h\se1 & c n h ! opportunity ( pick+ up  

grass1 & o!r  gre5 fe$s1 we c supply    
wat] to !m 9 ! =m ( "s k9d (  gre5 fe$s1
 su* z spr\t$ oats1 cabbages1 mangoes1  
or any o!r  vegetables to be _h4 ,all ^!
 fe$s are to be recomm5d$ highly1  z !y 
n only are compos$ l>gely ( wat]1 b add 
bulk to !  ration1 & aid 9 keep+ ! bird 
laxative4 ,spr\t$ oats c be  rais$ 9    
%all[ pans1 & giv5 to ! birds 9 small   
quantities  at a "t4 ,x is usually      
advisable to h sev]al pans ( spr\t+     
oats say1 = in/ance1 "o = e day 9 !     
week1 s t a fre%  supply c be giv5 to ! 
birds e morn+4 ,ne>ly e supply  h\se has
 pat5t oat spr\t]s to sell at reasonable
 prices4 ,cabbages  & mangoes are also  
f$ ext5sively to ! lay+ birds dur+ !    
w9t] mon?s1 b provision mu/ be made be=e
 h& to raise !m 9  ! summ]1 & to prop]ly
 /ore !m 9 ! fall1 s t !y w  be fre% :5 
tak5 out ( /orage = fe$+4 ,"o v good way
 to d  ?is is to pile !m toge!r 9 a     
basem5t & cov] !m ) s&4    ,let u next  
consid] a few practical gra9 rations1 t 
h be5  tri$ out by successful p\ltry m54

 ,^! rations are always  classifi$ z    
scrat* rations & dry ma% rations4 ,"o v 
good  ration is z foll[s3 ,scrat* ,fe$1 
#c p>ts crack$ corn1 #a "p :eat1  #a "p 
oats1 #a "p b>ley4 ,dry ma%1 #a "p bran1
 #a "p middl+s1  #a "p corn meal1 #a "p 
meat scraps or tankage4 ,ano!r v good   
practical ration is compos$ z foll[s3   
,scrat* fe$1 #c p>ts corn1  #a "p oats1 
& #a "p b>ley4 ,dry ma%1 "o "p ea* (    
bran1  middl+s1 gr\nd corn1 gr\nd oats &
 meat scraps4 ,^! fe$s %\ld  always be  
measur$ by weight1 & n by bulk4    ,n[1 
!n1 j a few words 9 reg>d to ! fe$+ ( ^!
 gra9s4  ,always s5d ! birds to roo/ )  
full crops4 ,?is is especially          
important dur+ cold wea!r4 ,x is mu*    
bett] if !y be all[$ to  fill up on     
scrat* gra9 r ?an dry ma%4 ,! scrat*    
ration is  m bulky ?an ! ma% fe$1 &     
helps 9 keep+ ! bird w>m4 ,9  fact1 _m  
successful p\ltry m5 close ! hopp] ( _! 
dry ma%  ration dur+ ! aft]noon1 & ?us  
make ! birds take ! scrat*  fe$ 9 !     
litt]1 !reby enc\rag+ ! birds to obta9  

ex]cise1  also4    ,we w close ?is *apt]
 ) a brief discussion on a rec5t        
developm5t 9 ! sy/em ( fe$+ birds4 ,?is 
is 9 reg>d to !  introduction (         
artificial light4 ,?is practice has     
successfully pass$  beyond ! 8fad0 /age 
& is n[ be+ us$ by successful p\ltry m5 
all ov] ! c\ntry4 ,by supply+ ?is extra 
light1 ! work+ day  is !reby l5g!n$ to !
 ext5t t ! light is prolong$1 &         
consequ5tly1 gives ! bird a day simil>  
to a summ] day 9 l5g?4  ,! birds1 by    
hav+ ?is extra p]iod ( light1 "w j t mu*
  long]1 & z a result1 !y are able to   
make m eggs4 ,ev]y:]e  ?is sy/em has be5
 giv5 a trial1 x has be5 f\nd a pay+    
proposition4 ,"o v common me?od 9       
supply+ ?is light is by  connect+ ! al>m
 clock to ! electric light+ sy/em &     
sett+  ! al>m at a p]iod ar\nd f\r or   
five o'clock 9 ! morn+4 ,?is  ?r[s on ! 
light 9 ! *ick5 h\se1 & !n :5 ! own]    
arises 9 ! morn+1 he c g out & turn out 
! lights if x is  light en\gh to d s by 
t "t4    ,?us we h consid]$ ! ma9 po9ts 

9 fe$+ = egg production4  ,:ile we h "s 
( ^! important fe$+ pr9ciples /ill fre% 
9  our m9d1 let u 9 ! next *apt] consid]
 fe$+ birds = _!  fle%1 because "o v    
important "p ( ! p\ltry bus9ess lies 9  
! fe$+ ( birds = meat4 ,9 ! ord9>y flock
 ( birds1 !re  are always "s t we want  
to dispose (1 su* z ! male birds &  !   
culls ( ! females4 ,if we "k h[ to fatt5
 ^!1 we w be  t mu* bett] (f f9ancially4
          ,,*apt] ,,viii4    ,,fe$+ ,,= 
,,meat ,,production      ,! prim>y      
object 9 fe$+ birds = ! m>ket is to get 
!m well  cov]$ ) fle%1 s t !y w be plump
 all ov]4 ,x is !  diff]5ce 9 ! weight (
 ! bony skeleton & ! weight ( !  well   
fill$ out c>cass t det]m9es ! am\nt (   
edible meat on  ! bird4 ,h5ce our object
 9 ?is process is to put on z mu*       
surplus  fle% z we c4    ,usually !re   
are ?ree classes ( birds t are put on ! 
m>ket  = meat purposes4 ,!y are roa/]s1 
broil]s1 & old h5s4 ,roa/+  *ick5s are v
 common on ! m>ket1 & ! object is l>ge  
size  ) a t5d] c>cass4 ,^! c be ei!r    

pullets or cock]els1 or  capons4 ,!y are
 (t5 put on ! m>ket dur+ ! late fall or 
e>ly  w9t]1 & br+ ! highe/ prices at t  
"t4    ,broil]s are birds ab\t ?ree or  
f\r mon?s old1 =c$ along to  a rapid    
gr[?1 b /ill possess+ t5d] fle%4 ,?is   
(f]s an  excell5t way ( dispos+ ( ! male
 birds1 s9ce usually ! sex (  ! "y birds
 c be di/+ui%$ at ab\t two mon?s ( age4 
,old h5s con/itute ! ?ird division ( !  
meat classes plac$ ^u  ! m>ket1 & are   
g5]ally compos$ ( ^? birds t are ?r\gh  
lay+1 or ! ones t h be5 f\nd to be      
unpr(itable4 ,_!  meat is usually mu*   
t\gh] ?an ! fir/ two m5tion$ classes1 & 
consequ5tly us$ 9 city re/aurants = meat
 pies1 etc4    ,9 fatt5+ birds = !      
m>ket1 a some:at diff]5t proc$ure is    
foll[$ ?an 9 fe$+ = egg production4 ,we 
f\nd t 9 fe$+  = egg production we      
enc\rag$ ! birds 9 e way possible to    
take all ! ex]cise t !y c\ld get4 ,we d 
j ! opposite  9 putt+ fle% on ! birds4  
,we re/rict _! ex]cise z mu* z          
possible1 & p5 !m up 9 small qu>t]s s t 

_! fe$ l>gely  goes to no?+ b putt+ fle%
 on _! bodies4 ,x c easily be  se5 t :5 
birds are roam+ ar\nd1 ex]cis+ m or less
 all  day long1 t !re is little *ance = 
!m to get v fat4    ,n[ z to ! nature ( 
! fe$ = fatt5+ ^! birds4 ,we w  /ill ne$
 "s prote9 fe$s1 b n z mu* z 9 ! case ( 
fe$+ = eggs4 ,h[ev]1 we w ne$ fe$s :i*  
are q ri* 9  c>bohydrates & fat4 ,^! are
 easily obta9$ & are relatively  *eap4  
,corn is an excell5t ration = ?is       
purpose4    ,s9ce ! birds are conf9$ to 
small p5s1 & ex]cise re/rict$1  x       
becomes evid5t t dige/ion becomes an    
important factor "h4  ,!re=e1 x is      
advisable to h pl5ty ( grit be=e ! birds
 at  all times1 s t _! food w be prop]ly
 gr\nd4    ,we mu/ n get ! idea1 j      
because we are fe$+ = fle%1 t  ! birds  
%\ld be /uff$ to _! limit ) fe$4 ,to d  
s1 w\ld  be to h a lot ( ! birds (f fe$1
 & consequ5tly we w\ld be  worse (f ?an 
n to fe$ !m en\gh4 ,x is be/ to plan to 
fe$ !m  ab\t ?ree times a day1 & to fe$ 
!m all t !y w cleanup 9  a c]ta9 l5g? ( 

"t1 z f tw5ty m9utes to half an h\r4 ,"s
  are successful 9 fe$+ only twice a    
day1 in/ead ( ?ree times a  day4        
,corn is usually ! basis ( fatt5+       
rations & %\ld always  h a prom95t place
 9 ! ration4 ,"h aga91 milk 9 "s =m  is 
excell5t to supply "s ( ! prote9 t is   
ne$$4 ,corn mu/  be supplem5t$ by o!r   
gra9s1 su* z oats1 b>ley or middl+s1    
provid$ !y are 9 a f9ely gr\nd          
condition4 ,"s fe$]s foll[ !  plan (    
fe$+ "p ( ^! gra9s 9 ! =m ( a wet ma%1  
us+  ! skim milk to moi/5 ! ma%1 b :5   
?is is done1 c>e mu/  be ex]cis$ 9 see+ 
t ! ma% is clean$ up at e fe$+1  o!rwise
 ! tr\gh w become m\ldy1 ) bad results  
to ! birds4    ,!re has come into use )9
 rec5t ye>s a me?od ( fatt5+  birds by  
:at is kn[n z crate fatt5+4 ,?is is     
practic$  consid]ably by "s ( ! big     
pack+ companies4 ,! birds are  b\ght up 
f ! surr\nd+ t]ritory & br\ght into !   
c5tral  fatt5+ /ation4 ,!y are !n plac$ 
9 small p5s1 or batt]ies1  z !y are     
call$1 & f$ a ration compos$ l>gely (   

skim milk &  corn meal1 ) a few o!r fe$s
 add$1 su* z r$ dog fl\r1 bran1  etc4   
,?is is mix$ into a ?91 pa/y fe$1 & f$ !
 birds f a  tr\gh runn+ along 9 front ( 
! p5s4 ,!y are f$ ?is way = a  p]iod (  
two weeks or m1 & are !n tak5 out1      
dress$1 & sold  to ! big city m>kets z  
milk f$ *ick5s1 & always br+ sev]al     
c5ts a p\nd m on ! m>ket ?an o!r p\ltry1
 because ( !  t5d]ness ( ! fle%4 ,9 ?is 
process1 ev5 great] c>e mu/ be  ex]cis$ 
9 wat*+ ! fe$+ ( ! birds1 & only fe$ t  
!y  w cleanup 9 ab\t fifte5 or tw5ty    
m9utes4    ,crate fe$+ has appeal$ to _m
 t[n lot p\ltry m51 :o h  b\ght up culls
 ( ! neighbor+ t]ritory1 put !m 9 small 
crates  or p5s1 & f$ !m ?is milk fe$ = a
 few weeks & !n m>ket$  !m1 secur+ ! top
 prices on ! m>ket4    ,we h n[ discuss$
 ! mo/ important items connect$ ) !     
fe$+ ( ! birds = v>i\s purposes4 ,let u 
n[ exam9e !  liv+ qu>t]s ( ! birds1 &   
see if we c improve ! h\s+  conditions 9
 :i* ! birds live dur+ ! w9t] mon?s4    
,,*apt] ,,ix4    ,,common ,,faults ,,(  

,,p\ltry ,,h\ses      ,if y 7 to take a 
trip ?r\gh ! surr\nd+ c\ntry1 )  !      
int5tion ( inspect+ ! liv+ qu>t]s ( f>m 
p\ltry1  9 g5]al1 y w\ld discov] "s ( ! 
mo/ wret*$ h\ses  imag9able4 ,all ( our 
intellig5t fe$+ w\ld be ( little use  if
 we p5n$ our *ick5s up 9 a coop ) little
 sunlight1 poor  v5tilation1 cold1 damp 
floors1 drafty sides1 & f\l1 damp air4  
,x  doesn't co/ any m to build a p\ltry 
h\se ) correct pr9ciples  involv$1 ?an x
 does to build "o t lacks ^! ess5tial   
features4 ,! birds c>e v little ab\t !  
appe>ance ( ! h\se4  ,!y want fre% dry  
air1 fre$om f drafts1 a w>m floor1 &    
pl5ty  ( sun%9e4    ,"o ( ! mo/ common  
faults ) mo/ p\ltry h\ses is ! matt] (  
v5tilation4 ,:5 p\ltry rais+ 0 fir/     
look$ ^u z a promis+  bus9ess1 _m m5    
erect$ h\ses conta9+ a l>ge proportion (
  glass4 ,x 0 ?\ght t ! sun%9e 0 ! only 
necess>y feature  = ! birds "u w9t]     
conditions1 & !y made _! *ick5  h\ses   
v]itable hot h\ses4 ,b ! results 7 n z  
_h be5  anticipat$4 ,x 0 f\nd t :ile !  

h\ses 7 fairly w>m 9  ! day "t1 !y cool$
 (f consid]able at night1 & poor results
  7 obta9$ f ?is wide range betwe5 ! day
 temp]ature & !  night temp]ature4 ,!n  
ano!r /ep 0 tak5 by ^! pione]s4 ,!y     
decid$ to heat _! h\ses artificially4 ,b
 ev5 ?is sy/em did n  br+ =? ! big yield
 ( eggs t _h be5 hop$ =4 ,9 all ?is     
exp5sive proc$ure1 a v important elem5t 
_h be5 ov]look$1 &  t 0 ! matt] ( fre%  
air4    ,ab\t tw5ty ye>s ago1 !re 0     
devis$ a p\ltry h\se t 0 a  radical     
dep>ture f ?is previ\s type ( h\se4 ,x 0
 call$  ! op5 front h\se1 & gave        
surpris+ly good results1 :]e all        
previ\s types _h fail$1 z reg>ds egg    
production4 ,?is h\se 0  con/ruct$      
briefly z foll[s3 ,x 0 ( ! %$ ro( type2 
t is1  _h j "o slant 9 ! ro(1 ! highe/  
pit* be+ 9 front1 &  ! l[e/ pit* 9 !    
re>4 ,x _h pl5ty ( w9d[ light 9 !  front
 side1 ab\t half ( ! s\? side1 or front1
 be+ devot$ to  w9d[s4 ,! re/ ( ! front 
0 left op51 save = a ?9 musl9  curta9 to
 cov] ! op5 space dur+ bad wea!r4 ,^!   

curta9s  7 tack$ to wood5 frames1 &     
swung on h+es1 s t !y c\ld  be swung 9  
to cov] ! op5 space at w4 ,! mo/        
rem>kable ?+  ab\t ! sy/em 0 t ! h5s    
began to lay eggs1 :5 prop]  fe$+ 0     
obta9$4 ,lat]1 ?is l$ to ! conclusion1  
n[ g5]ally  accept$1 t ! birds c /&     
consid]able cold1 provid+ x is  n a damp
 cold1 & t ! temp]ature ( ! h\se is     
consid]ably  m uni=m betwe5 night & day 
?an 0 ! case ) ! glass  h\se4    ,z a   
result _m p\ltrym5 :o are mak+ money )  
p\ltry use  "s su* sy/em z ! op5 front  
h\se ) v>i\s *anges4 ,!y  h f\nd t fre% 
air is an absolute requirem5t to get !  
be/  results4 ,b ?is matt] br\ght out a 
few m int]e/+ facts4 ,x  0 f\nd t       
dampness 0 a big drawback to egg        
production 9 cold  wea!r4 ,if ! damp f\l
 air1 brea!d out by ! *ick5s1 c\ld n    
escape f ! p\ltry build+1 ! *ick5s did n
 h ! heal?  & vigor t !y did 9 well     
v5tilat$ h\ses4 ,consequ5tly1 !  curta9 
help$ consid]ably 9 all[+ ! fre% air to 
come 91 &  = ! f\l air to g out4 ,! damp

 air1 be+ heavily lad5 )  moi/ure1      
settl$ to ! bottom ( ! h\se1 :]e ! birds
 scrat*1  & unless ! curta9s ext5d      
fairly well d[n ne> ! bottom (  ! h\se1 
! damp air has n a v good *ance to      
escape1 &  consequ5tly1 !re w be m or   
less moi/ure ev5 ) ?is type  ( h\se1 if 
! damp air has no *ance to escape4      
,ano!r common fault ) a great _m p\ltry 
build+s is t !y  are drafty4 ,! walls   
%\ld all be air tight1 except ! s\?     
wall1  or front1 z has be5 m5tion$4 ,if 
!re is a draft 9 ! h\se !  birds w      
contract a cold1 & w take a prolong$    
vacation f  _! job ( lay+ eggs4 ,x is n 
uncommon to f9d a crack 9 !  wall1 j    
beh9d ! p]*es ( ! h\se1 & :5 we consid] 
t  9 su* h\ses ! birds /ay all night 9 a
 direct draft1 x is little  wond] t !y  
appe> s unheal?y4    ,!re are a few o!r 
common faults t we w consid] be=e  br++ 
?is *apt] to a close4 ,x is (t5 f\nd t  
!re are too  _m birds cramp$ into a     
small h\se4 ,x is a good plan to all[ at
  lea/ f\r squ>e feet ( floor space =   

ea* bird t y w9t]4  ,= in/ance1 if we 7 
plann+ on hav+ "o hundr$ birds ?is      
w9t]1 we c\ld h a h\se built tw5ty-five 
feet long1 & sixte5  feet deep4         
,multiply+ ^! two figures1 gives u f\r  
hundr$ squ>e  feet4 ,divid+ ?is product 
by f\r1 gives u all[ance = "o hundr$    
birds4 ,!n1 la/ly1 ! floor1 itself4 ,too
 (t5 ! floor is cold4  ,if a cem5t      
floor1 we %\ld cov] x ) ab\t six or     
eight in*es  ( good1 clean1 dry litt]4  
,ev5 if made ( wood1 a good sub/antial  
litt] %\ld be ma9ta9$4 ,! be/ litt] is  
probably ( /raw1  b peat moss is fa/    
ga9+ favor at pres5t1 :]e /raw is n     
obta9able4 ,) ^! few objections to gu>d 
aga9/1 let u next  discuss j h[ we %all 
g ab\t con/ruct+ a p\ltry h\se t  w     
ov]come ! faults m5tion$4               
,,*apt] ,x4    ,,h\s+ ,,p\ltry ,,=      
,,pr(it4      ,9 discuss+ plans = a     
mod]n p\ltry h\se1 let x be m5tion$ at  
! outset t ?is does n necess>ily mean t 
our mod]n h\se  w be exp5sive1 any m ?an
 ! "o t is built on old ideas4 ,9  fact1

 _m ( ! old] h\ses 7 mu* m exp5sive ?an 
! mod]n  h\ses ( today4 ,z long z !     
p\ltry build+ includes ! necess>y       
pr9ciples = ! birds' well-be+1 & ?is c  
be accompli%$ )  little add$ exp5se1 t  
is all t is necess>y4    ,9 comm5t+ ^u !
 common faults ( mo/ p\ltry h\ses 9 !   
previ\s *apt]1 we f\nd t !y g5]ally lack
 "o1 or all (  su* items z v5tilation1  
dryness1 sunlight1 adequate floor space1
  protection f rats1 protection f       
extremes ( temp]ature1 &  simplicity (  
design4 ,9 arrang+ = a bett] h\se = our 
birds1  let u plan to keep ^! factors 9 
m9d1 s z to get ! mo/ f  our birds4     
,:e!r we are to build a new p\ltry h\se1
 or to remodel an old "o1  we c design x
 s t all ( ^! factors w be 9 evid5ce4   
,if  we h an old p\ltry h\se1 or if we c
 buy *eaply an old p\ltry  coop1 t has  
fairly good lumb] 9 x1 we c probably d !
  remodel+ some:at *eap] ?an if we h to 
buy all new lumb]4 ,if  we d pur*ase all
 new lumb]1 x is n advisable to get *eap
 lumb]1  b buy ! fir/ grade1 because x  

is necess>y t ! walls ( !  h\se be air  
tight1 & ?is is seldom possible ) *eap  
lumb]4    ,we w fir/ consid] briefly !  
possibilities ( remodel+ an old  p\ltry 
h\se4 ,probably ! fir/ ?+ t we w d is to
 cut "s  op5+s 9 ! front ( ! h\se =     
w9d[s & curta9s4 ,f  "o-half to         
two-?irds ( ! front %\ld be devot$ to   
w9d[ lights4  ,! rema9d] %\ld be left = 
! musl9 curta9s to all[ = fre%  air to  
ent]1 & = f\l air to pass out4 ,^! %\ld 
n be cut  up too high1 b />t at lea/ a  
foot bel[ ! ro(1 & h !  w9d[ lights     
ext5d at lea/ half way d[n ! front ( !  
h\se4 ,!  curta9s %\ld ext5d q a bit    
fur!r d[n to ! bottom ( !  h\se1 to all[
 ! f\l air suffici5t opportunity to     
escape4    ,we %\ld next exam9e ! o!r   
walls & ro( to make sure t !y  are n    
drafty1 nor leak wat]4 ,usually ^! walls
 c be pat*$  up ) o!r bo>ds1 or heavy   
ro(+ pap]1 s t no draft is  possible4 ,9
 nor!rn climates1 :]e wea!r bel[ z]o is 
common1  be/ results w be obta9$ by hav+
 two ?icknesses ( walls1 to  protect    

aga9/ cold nights4 ,ro(+ pap] is        
excell5t to put betwe5  ! two walls1 or 
ev5 on ! outside to aid 9 ?is matt]4 ,if
 !  ro( leaks1 x might be advisable to  
re-%+le "p ( x1 & "h  aga9 ro(+ pap]    
helps 9 mak+ x wea!r tight4    ,we mu/  
next exam9e ! floor4 ,if a wood5 floor1 
!n x is advisable  to raise ! h\se up f 
! gr\nd ab\t six in*es1 support+ x  )   
po/s4 ,"s p foll[ ! plan ( plac+ old t9 
pans or  plates upside d[n at ! top ( ^!
 po/s & !n sett+ ! h\se  on1 !reby      
elim9at+ ! dang] ( rats1 z ! rats _c    
climb  ov] ! t9 pans4 ,if ! h\se is to  
be a p]man5t /ructure x w  be f\nd be/  
to lay a concrete floor1 z ?is floor w  
la/ = all  "t1 & w n ne$ repair+4 ,su* a
 floor is rat pro(1 b mu/  be cov]$ ) a 
good litt]4    ,if a new h\se is to be  
con/ruct$1 !n x w be be/ to foll[  !    
pr9ciples laid d[n = a remodel$ h\se to 
! ext5t ( !  op5 front1 wea!r tight     
walls & ro(1 good floor1 & dry liv+     
conditions4 ,wood is ! mo/ popul>       
mat]ial t is us$ 9 build+  *ick5 h\ses4 

,g5]ally1 #b by #ds plac$ ab\t two feet 
ap>t are  us$ = /udd+4 ,mat*$ lumb] or  
r\gh lumb] aid$ by batt5s or  ro(+ pap] 
compose ! walls1 ?is mak+ !m free f     
drafts4 ,!  mat*$ lumb] is g5]ally plac$
 on ! /udd+ horizontally4 ,!  lumb] %\ld
 be dry & free f knot holes1 & well     
nail$ toge!r4    ,= ! ro(1 %+les c be   
us$1 or "s ( ! prep>$ ro(+  pap] on !   
m>ket n[ has giv5 good results4 ,= q    
flat ro(s1  two or ?ree ply ro(+ pap] is
 pref]r$ to ! %+les4    ,we w n[ discuss
 ! common types ( p\ltry h\ses4 ,! mo/  
popul> type & ! *eape/1 is ! %$ ro(     
h\se4 ,?is h\se is  usually ab\t eight  
feet high 9 front1 slant+ gradually to !
 re>  to a height ( ab\t five feet4 ,x j
 has "o slant1 &1 z has be5  said1 is   
*eap] to build ?an o!r types ( h\ses4 ,x
 is also mu*  easi] to keep w>m 9 !     
w9t]1 because ( ! l[ ro(1 :i* means     
less space has to be heat$ by ! birds4  
,in/ead ( curta9 front  h\ses 9 su* a   
type ( p\ltry h\se1 _m p\ltry m5 are us+
  baffl]s to let 9 ! air4 ,^! baffl]s   

are simil> to a bl9d us$  to %ade liv+  
h\ses 9 "s p>ts ( ! c\ntry4 ,!y are     
compos$  ( slats less ?an an in* ap>t1 &
 plac$ 9 a slant+ position1  r ?an      
v]tical or horizontal4    ,! gable ro(  
h\se is ano!r popul> type4 ,?is diff]s f
 !  %$ ro( type ( h\se 9 t its ro( comes
 to a peak1 ) two  pit*es1 su* z mo/    
mod]n bungal[ dwell+ h\ses h4 ,?is sy/em
  leaves a l>g] space at ! top ( ! h\se1
 & is n z w>m z  ! %$ ro( type4 ,x also 
co/s m to build4 ,h[ev]1 x possesses  ! 
advantage ( all[+ a /raw l(t to be plac$
 at ! top ( !  h\se1 :i* is an excell5t 
way to get rid ( excess moi/ure1 :5  x c
 be expell$ no o!r way4 ,! /raw has !   
p[] to absorb !  excess moi/ure dur+ !  
w9t]1 b %\ld be remov$ 9 ! spr+1  z x   
furni%es an excell5t hid+ place = mites1
 an insect t we  w discuss m ?or\ghly 9 
a lat] *apt]4    ,! half monitor type is
 n s popul> z ! two types already nam$1 
& co/s consid]ably m ?an ei!r ( ! two   
previ\s types  discuss$4 ,?is type (    
h\se has an arrangem5t simil> to two %$ 

ro( h\ses1 fac+ ea* o!r1 ! re> h\se be+ 
some:at high]  ?an ! front h\se4 ,(     
c\rse1 su* h\ses h _! advantages1 b  = !
 "o :o w\ld />t ) mod]ation 9 ! p\ltry  
bus9ess1  ! %$ ro(1 or ! gable ro( type 
w be f> m attractive4  ,we h discuss$ ! 
types ( h\ses 9 ?is *apt]4 ,! fixtures1 
or *ick5 furniture1 has s f> be5 omitt$4
 ,let u g inside (  our mod]n *ick5 h\se
 n[1 & see :at is ne$$ 9 ! l9e (        
equipm5t to complete our effici5t egg   
production4          ,,*apt] ,,xi4      
,,int]ior ,,fixtures ,,= ,,! ,,lay+     
,,h\ses      ,!re are c]ta9 devices t   
save a great deal ( labor = !  p\ltry   
man1 & also give ! birds a m cont5t$    
atmosph]e4 ,we  w />t 9 ) ! floor4 ,i   
want to repeat "h1 briefly1 :at has     
already be5 said 9 reg>d to ! litt] on !
 floor ( ! h\se4  ,birds ) cold feet _c 
be heal?y4 ,if ! floor is cov]$ ) a     
six-in* litt] ( /raw1 or %av+s1 ! floor 
w be w>m1 & !y  c be giv5 a scrat*+     
ration t w make !m ex]cise = _!  food4  
,by all means d n fail to h a good litt]

 ( "s k9d on  ! floor dur+ ! late fall &
 w9t] mon?s4    ,! birds are r peculi>  
creatures1 :5 x comes to retir+ =  !    
night4 ,!y d n seek a place to lay d[n1 
b !y look =  some?+ t w resemble a limb 
( a tree1 :]e !y c p]*  dur+ ! night4   
,man has !re=e suppli$ some?+ along ?is 
l9e1 by erect+ r\nd poles1 made ( wood1 
s t ! birds w  h a conv5i5t place to re/
 = ! night4 ,a few precautions mu/  be  
gu>d$ aga9/ "h1 h[ev]1 z v few p\ltry m5
 h giv5  _! birds suitable p]*es yet4 ,!
 p]*es %\ld be r\nd1 ab\t  two in*es 9  
diamet]1 & erect$ on ! same level ) ea* 
o!r4  ,too _m p]*es are arrang$ 9 a     
ladd] =mation1 hav+ ! re>  p]* ! highe/1
 & ! front p]* ! l[e/4 ,:5 ! birds get  
ready to g to roo/1 !re is always an    
argum5t z to :i* bird  w h ! re> roo/1 z
 !y all want ! highe/ place to roo/1  or
 p]*4 ,if ! p]*es are all on ! same     
level1 !n !re is no  pref]5ce1 & ?+s are
 m peaceful at roo/+ "t4 ,we %\ld  plan 
on all[+ ab\t t5 in*es p] bird = p]*+   
room4 ,plan to  h a di/ance ( ab\t      

f\rte5 in*es betwe5 ea* p]*1 or pole4   
,arrange ^! p]*es at ! re> ( ! h\se1    
runn+ p>allel )  ! re> wall4    ,all    
mod]n p\ltry m5 h :at is kn[n z a dropp+
 bo>d "u !  p]*es1 s t ! dropp+s w n    
fall 9 ! scrat*+ litt]  & soil ?is "p ( 
! scrat*+ area4 ,^! dropp+ bo>ds are    
usually plac$ ab\t six in*es "u ! p]*es1
 & ext5d z f>  =w>d z ! p]*es d4 ,?is   
makes ! job ( clean+ ! p\ltry  h\se q a 
simple op]ation4 ,x is advisable to     
spr9kle "s s&  ov] ! dropp+ bo>ds to    
absorb ! moi/ure & bad odor4    ,we h to
 give ! birds a com=table1 well seclud$ 
place to lay  _! eggs4 ,?is is sometimes
 done by plac+ ! ne/s1 or ! "p  fac+ !  
front wall1 cov]$ ov] ) a bo>d1 t c be  
rais$  by means ( a h+e1 :5 collect+ !  
eggs4 ,! h5 c be made to  ent] ! ne/ f !
 re>1 & if conditions are s t ! ne/  is 
d>k5$1 !n ! h5 w pref] ?is place to any 
o!r place 9  ! h\se4 ,ne/s c also be    
plac$ along ! front wall1 und]nea?  !   
w9d[s1 or on ei!r side ( ! h\se4 ,h[ev]1
 up to ! pres5t  "t1 bel[ ! dropp+ bo>ds

 seems to be ! mo/ popul> place =  !    
ne/s ) mo/ p\ltry m54    ,e p\ltry h\se 
%\ld h a du/ box4 ,?is is a box p>tially
  fill$ ) du/ or f9e soil1 & plac$ 9 !  
front "p ( !  h\se1 s t x w be 9 !      
sunlight4 ,! birds appreciate su* a     
device1 & w use x g5]\sly1 z ?is aids !m
 9 fight+ (f  insects t prey ^u !m4     
,suitable conta9]s = food & wat] %\ld be
 provid$1 & kept  clean4 ,! dr9k+       
f\nta9s are ( v>i\s designs1 & "o c  buy
 ^! v *eaply4 ,!y are usually j>s or    
cans inv]t$1 s  t ! wat] w come out 9 a 
small op5+ at ! bottom1 j  l>ge en\gh = 
! bird to /ick its head 94 ,! food      
conta9]s1  = ! dry ma% are g5]ally ( !  
hopp] k9d1 hav+ a box-l  conta9] ) a    
tr\gh at ! bottom1 s t ! food falls d[n 
into  ! small tr\gh by gravity z ! birds
 consume x4 ,?us1 9 a good  siz$ hopp]1 
a week's ration ( ma% c be put 9 ! hopp]
 )\t  fur!r att5tion4          ,,*apt]  
,,xii4    ,,lice ,,& ,,mites      ,:ile 
we h int]ior fixtures ( ! p\ltry h\se   
fre% 9 m9d let  u turn our att5tion     

briefly to ! /udy ( p>asites t live on  
! h51 & t are detrim5tal to h] progress4
 ,!re are q a  few v>i\s insects t dep5d
 ^u ! h5 = _! exi/5ce1 b  = our purposes
 we c consid] !m 9 a g5]al class ( lice 
&  mites1 z ! treatm5t = ea* class is   
practically ! same4    ,let u fir/      
consid] ! case ( lice4 ,^! insects live 
^u !  body ( ! h51 eat+ ! fle%1 & dead  
sk9 z x peels (f4 ,!y  nev] leave ! h51 
& if conditions are favorable1 w lay _! 
eggs on h] body1 ?us multiply+ rapidly  
if precautions are n tak5  to look aft] 
?is matt]4 ,x is always well to treat a 
sett+ h5 =  lice be=e %e is plac$ on !  
ne/1 & !n once or twice aft] %e  has    
/>t$ h] job1 because ^! lice w v readily
 transf] f  ! "m h5 to ! "y *icks1 z    
soon z hat*$1 & a great  _m *icks die e 
ye> f ^! lice4 ,x is a spl5did idea to  
grease all baby *icks1 especially ^?    
hat*$ by natural incubation1  ) blue    
o9tm5t1 ar\nd ! head p>ts1 & w+s4 ,! h5s
 c also  be greas$ 9 a simil> mann] ov] 
! :ole body4    ,"h is :]e ! du/ box t  

we discuss$ briefly 9 ! previ\s  *apt]  
comes 91 z ! birds1 wall[+ 9 ! box (    
du/1 smo!r  ! lice1 by %ak+ ! du/ into !
 pores ( ! bird's body4 ,a  r rec5t     
me?od ( combat+ lice on birds is n[ fa/ 
ga9+  favor4 ,?is is ! ,sodium ,floride 
treatm5t4 ,?is is be/ us$ only on  a    
mild day1 h[ev]1 z ! birds are q wet    
aft] _! treatm5t  "u ?is me?od4 ,!      
treatm5t is usually giv5 z foll[s3 ,take
 an  ord9>y wa% tub1 & fill ne>ly full )
 n too cold wat]4 ,=  e gallon ( wat] 9 
! tub1 add "o ounce ( sodium floride1   
obta9able at any drug /ore4 ,dip ! h5 9 
?is solution1 tail  fir/1 be+ sure to h 
a firm grasp on h] s %e w n spla%  !    
wat] ov]4 ,dip h] 9 ?is mann] ab\t ?ree 
times1 s t !  solution comes up 9 "u !  
fea!rs4 ,?is me?od has be5 f\nd  to be v
 effective4 ,9 extreme cases1 :]e ! lice
 are v bad1  ano!r simil> treatm5t c be 
giv5 ea* bird ab\t a mon? lat]4  ,o!r   
good mat]ials to apply to ! bird's body1
 besides ^? already  m5tion$1 are sweet 
oil1 vasel9e1 & l>d4    ,n[ we come to  

ano!r pe/ t is a little h>d] to get rid 
(  ?an ! body lice4 ,! mites1 :i* are s 
bo!rsome to mo/  p\ltry1 h ! peculi>    
habit ( /ay+ on ! birds only dur+  !    
night1 creep+ d[n at daylight to "s     
crack or crevice to hide  until d>kness 
aga9 =ces ! birds to g to roo/4 ,^!     
mites are  ev5 m de/ructive 9 _! "w ?an 
are ! body lice4 ,!y are  g5]ally f\nd 9
 any crack or crevice ab\t ! p]*es4 ,"h 
!y  c obscure !mselves1 & be v close to 
_! prey :5 ready to  beg9 _! "w at      
night4 ,:ile ! lice are eat+ insects1 ! 
mites  are suck+ insects1 & suck ! blood
 ( ! birds dur+ ! night4  ,:5 ! mite is 
hungry1 he is ( a yell[i% color4 ,:5    
fill$ up1  h[ev]1 ) a good meal ( blood1
 he is r$4 ,! mite is v small1  & is    
simil> 9 con/ruction to a spid]4    ,if 
a flock ( *ick5s are believ$ to be      
suff]+ f mites1 &  !re are v few1 by !  
way1 t are n tr\bl$ ) ^!  pe/s1 !n x    
w\ld be advisable fir/1 to :itewa% !    
p\ltry  h\se ?or\ghly1 n only ! roo/+   
qu>t]s1 b ! walls &  o!r fixtures inside

 ! h\se4 ,k]os5e is q frequ5tly us$ to  
spray ! ne/s )1 b has n ! la/+ p[] t "s 
( !  coal t> products possess4 ,rec5tly1
 wood pres]vatives h be5 us$  = !       
purposes ( ridd+ ! p\ltry h\se ( mites1 
& v good  results h be5 obta9$ f ?is    
me?od4          ,,*apt] ,,xiii4         
,,p\ltry ,,diseases      ,x is n to be  
suppos$ t p\ltry1 liv+ "u ! artificial  
conditions t man has orda9$ = !m1 c be  
entirely free f  diseases4 ,9 fact1 v   
few p\ltry m5 c say t !y h n _h  "s k9d 
( disease affect _! flock4 ,mo/ diseases
 are contagi\s1  s x is important to be 
on ! wat* = any symptoms ( any?+ out  ( 
! ord9>y4 ,sanitation plays a v         
important "p 9 keep+ !  flock free f    
diseases1 & clean me?ods %\ld always    
prevail4 ,d  n all[ ! h\se to become    
fil?y & f\l smell+4 ,x is always a  good
 precaution to dis9fect ! p\ltry        
premises at lea/ once a ye>  ) a good   
:itewa% or "s /rong dis9fectant4 ,?is is
 ab\t !  same z tak+ out a life         
insurance policy = ! flock4    ,dampness

 is probably ab\t ! mo/ common cause =  
diseases4 ,disease  g]ms always multiply
 m rapidly 9 damp1 d>k qu>t]s4 ,!re=e  !
 advice giv5 9 an e>ly *apt] ab\t keep+ 
! p\ltry h\se  light & well v5tilat$1 w 
be> repetition4 ,if "o is accu/om$  to  
wat*+ 8 birds z to _! physical          
condition1 he w be able  to notice !    
symptoms ( any on-com+ disease 9 "t to  
isolate !  bird ?us affect$1 be=e !     
disease has a *ance to spread1 if x  is 
a contagi\s disease4 ,by wat*+ a bird   
?us isolat$1 & also  look+ v c>efully = 
any fur!r symptoms 9 ! flock1 "o c  d   
consid]able 9 *eck+ ! disease4 ,! old   
adage1 8,an ounce (  prev5tion is wor? a
 p\nd ( cure10 c]ta9ly is true 9 ?is    
case4    ,indige/ion is a v common      
ailm5t ) p\ltry1 especially )  ^? birds 
t are f$ heavy = egg production4        
,usually a little  laxative mat]ial     
plac$ 9 ! dr9k+ wat]1 & mak+ m (  _!    
ration a scrat*+ ration1 9 ord] to      
induce ex]cise1 is  probably z simple & 
effective a treatm5t z c be giv54       

,r\p1 *ick5 pox1 & cank] are also v     
common p\ltry diseases4  ,^! ?ree       
diseases are all suppos$ to be due to a 
small organism  :i* multiply v rapidly1 
& acts mo/ly on ! sk9 ( ! bird4  ,^!    
diseases are n simil> 9 appe>ance1      
h[ev]1 despite ! fact  t _! s\rce is !  
same4    ,r\p attacks ! muc\s membrane  
l9+ ( ! nose1 & eye4 ,^!  p>ts become r$
 & inflam$1 & infect$ ) a pus =mation4  
,?is  disease is spread l>gely ?r\gh !  
dr9k+ wat]1 & is preval5t  9 ! spr+ :5 x
 is damp4 ,keep ! birds heal?y &        
vigor\s1  provide prop] v5tilation1 & h 
?+s z dry z possible1 &  little %\ld be 
fe>$ f ?is s\rce4    ,*ick5 pox makes   
its appe>ance on ! comb & wattles1 &    
also on  ! face ( ! bird1 by small      
pockets on ^! p>ts4 ,! rem$y is  ! same 
9 ?is case z has be5 /at$ = r\p1 except 
t if only  a few birds h contract$ !    
disease1 ea* bird c be tak5 9 h&  & giv5
 individual treatm5t1 by remov+ ! cru/  
ov] ! sores1  & apply+ a good           
dis9fectant4    ,cank] manife/s itself  

by pale yell[ spots on ! inside ( !     
m\?4 ,?is is be/ treat$1 z soon z       
discov]$1 by scrap+ (f  ?is light yell[ 
mat]ial1 & apply+ a good dis9fectant4   
,all ( ^! la/ ?ree nam$ diseases are    
caus$ by ! same  conditions1 & by avoid+
 ^! conditions v little tr\ble w  be    
exp]i5c$ 9 ?is malady4 ,birds t h _h any
 ( ! above  m5tion$ diseases %\ld nev]  
be us$ = bre$+ purposes1 z _!  (fspr+ w 
h a pr$isposition to ! same ailm5t4     
,sometimes ! p]*es are plac$ too high 9 
! *ick5 h\se1 &  ! birds h to jump too  
f> to rea* ! floor4 ,:5 ?is happ5s1  a  
h>d lump (t5 =ms on ! sole ( ! foot4    
,?is is sometimes  call$ bumble foot1 & 
is usually evid5t 9 ! *ick5's walk4     
,no?+ b cutt+ out ! h>d "p1 & wa%+ !    
sore ) a good  dis9fectant c rem$y ?is  
condition4    ,:ile fro/$ combs c\ld n  
be call$ a contagi\s disease1 we w      
discuss ?is matt] briefly1 be=e clos+   
?is *apt]4 ,9 sev]e  wea!r1 :5 !        
temp]ature is bel[ z]o1 & !re is        
consid]able  dampness 9 ! p\ltry h\se1  

froz5 combs are q frequ5t4 ,?is  is     
especially true ( ! light] birds1 :i*   
possess l>g] head  p>ts ?an d ! heavi]  
bre$s4 ,:5 a bird has its comb or       
wattles  froz51 x w /op lay+ = a        
consid]able p]iod ( "t1 usually  a mon? 
at lea/4 ,if birds are f\nd on a cold   
w9t] morn+ )  froz5 combs1 !y %\ld be   
treat$ ) sn[ or cold wat]1 to take  out 
! fro/1 & !n treat$ daily ) vasel9e     
until cur$4 ,x  is well to provide a    
pole up ne> ! ro( ( ! p\ltry h\se1 ^u   
:i* a curta91 made ( burlap or "s old   
clo?1 is arrang$ s t  on cold w9t]      
nights ?is curta9 c be l[]$ directly 9  
front (  ! front p]*4 ,?is w t5d to     
protect ! birds f ! excessive  cold1 by 
cons]v+ ! heat giv5 (f by _! bodies dur+
 ! night4          ,,*apt] ,,xiv4       
,,cull ,,! ,,flock      ,:5 ! p\ltry    
indu/ry 0 be+ e/abli%$ ^u a bus9ess     
f\ndation1 _m ( ! lead+ bre$]s devis$ ! 
idea ( measur+  ! egg capacity ( _!     
birds by actually c\nt+ ! eggs laid by  
_! be/ birds4 ,?is practice is /ill     

foll[$ by _m p\ltry  bre$]s1 b is a job 
t consumes consid]able "t1 & x c be  se5
 t only ^? :o are con/antly ) ! flock   
c\ld be able  to d ?is4 ,b )9 ! la/ few 
ye>s1 !re has be5 develop$ a  sy/em     
:]eby "o c tell by ! ext]nal appe>ance (
 ! bird j  ab\t :at h] ability z an egg 
produc] w be 9 "o ye>4 ,a ,mr4  ,hogan 0
 ! fir/ man to notice ^! *>act]i/ics & 8
 me?od  has be5 s f> p]fect$ t mo/      
p\ltry keep]s are q famili>  ) x1 &     
!reby sav$ ! bo!r ( trap-ne/+4    ,?is  
cull+ process1 z x is call$1 is be/     
accompli%$ dur+  ! mon?s ( ,augu/ &     
,septemb]4 ,by pick+ up ea* female 9 !  
flock at ?is "t1 except ( c\rse ! spr+  
pullets1 "o c f9d  out :i* birds are    
/ill lay+1 & :i* ones h already quit4   
,x has be5 9 ! pa/ too mu* ! cu/om (    
f>m]s to g out into  _! p\ltry flock 9 !
 fall ( ! ye>1 & pick out ! birds  t _h 
n yet />t$ to m\lt1 & ^: appe>ance 0    
ragg$ &  r uncomely4 ,^! birds w\ld be  
pick$ out by ! f>m]1 or  9 _m cases 8   
wife1 & s5t to m>ket z meat birds1 & !y 

w\ld keep ! birds :o _h already m\lt$1 &
 ^: fea!rs 7  9 spl5did color at t "t4  
,h[ev]1 9 ! light ( rec5t facts  br\ght 
out by ?is cull+ process1 we n[ "k t ^! 
r  ragg$1 unsightly birds 7 our be/     
lay]s1 & %\ld h be5 kept  because !y _h 
be5 work+ cont9u\sly1 n tak+ ! "t (f to 
quit lay+ & look pretty1 z _h _! m lazy 
companions4 ,!re  are /ill a great numb]
 ( p t cl+ to ! old me?od1 b  ! light is
 dawn+1 & x w probably be b a %ort :ile 
be=e  practically ev]yone int]e/$ 9     
p\ltry w "k ( ?is cull+  me?od1 & :o c 9
 a brief exam9ation ( a bird tell q     
readily  :e!r %e %\ld be kept or sold4  
,we w n[ discuss ! v>i\s me?ods by :i* a
 bird c be judg$  z to h] egg lay+      
ability4 ,no "o sign c be reli$ ^u1 b ! 
diff]5t signs tak5 toge!r %\ld =m ! f9al
 judgm5t4 ,"o c  usually tell some?+    
ab\t ! bird by h] g5]al habits4 ,! good 
lay] is a busy h54 ,%e is happy1 s++1 & 
n z afraid ( !  att5dant z is ! loaf]4  
,z ?is h5 usually eats m ?an !          
non-lay]1 %e is usually f\nd busily     

scrat*+ 9 ! litt] =  ! food mat]ial )   
:i* %e makes h] eggs4 ,! good lay] is   
always ! fir/ (f ! roo/ 9 ! morn+1 & !  
la/ "o to g  to roo/ at night4 ,wat* out
 = ! timid1 crafty h5 t /ays on  !      
outskirts ( ! flock4 ,%e is lazy1       
inactive1 & ! quick] %e  is s5t to !    
but*]1 ! bett]4 ,ano!r v good aid 9 =m+ 
judgm5t z to ! ability ( ! birds1 is to 
g ar\nd ! roo/s at  night1 aft] ! birds 
h all gone to roo/4 ,feel ( _! crops4 ,!
  good lay] t has be5 work+ h>d to get  
toge!r food mat]ial =  h] eggs w h a    
full crop1 :ile h] lazy companions1 t   
are n  s int]e/$ 9 produc+ eggs1 w h a  
fairly empty crop at ?is  "t4 ,little   
items su* z ,i h m5tion$ "h w tell      
consid]able  ab\t ! ability ( ! birds4  
,x is a fact t !re are any numb]  (     
birds 9 ,am]ica t lay only a few doz5   
eggs p] ye>1 b are  kept ! ye> r\nd1    
because ! own] has _h no way ( kn[+ !   
produc]s f ! non-produc]s4    ,z has be5
 already br\ght out1 ! heavy lay]s molt 
late4 ,(t5  !y cont9ue lay+ up until    

,octob] & ,novemb]4 ,if y h h5s  ne>ly  
nak$ ( fea!rs 9 ,octob] or ,novemb]1 j  
re/ assur$  t ^! are y\r mo/ pr(itable  
birds1 & t !y did n quit  lay+ to put on
 a pretty coat ( fea!rs 9 ! middle ( !  
summ]4  ,y %\ld m>k ^! birds 9 "s mann]1
 s t y c use !m  z bre$]s = ! com+ w9t]1
 because1 if !y are mat$ ) a  cock]el1 t
 is ! son ( a good lay]1 y\r /ra9 w be  
greatly  improv$1 because ^! birds w    
transmit _! lay+ ability to  _! (fspr+4 
,a good lay+ h5 w h a long1 broad1 &    
deep1 rectangul> body1  ) top & bottom  
l9es p>allel4 ,?is l>ge siz$ body is    
ess5tial  to ! h51 s t %e w h suffici5t 
room to dige/ en\gh food  to make h]    
eggs4 ,a broad back is also necess>y =  
prop] room =  ! reproductive organs t   
make ! egg4 ,! head ( ! good lay]  is   
always ( a heal?y appe>ance4 ,! good    
lay] has a %ort /ubby  beak1 or bill1 & 
gracefully curv$1 z comp>$ to ! long    
%apeless  bill ( ! loaf]4 ,! eyes are   
prom95t1 & /ick out simil> to a  %oe    
button1 r ?an sunk5 94 ,! combs &       

wattles are r$1 &  n pale1 z 9 !        
non-lay]4    ,! good lay] w n h ! bright
 color$ yell[1 aft] %e has  be5 lay+ = a
 %ort :ile1 t ! loaf] w h4 ,?is is      
because %e uses ?is yell[ pigm5t 9 mak+ 
! yolk ( h] eggs1  s t z h] lay+ p]iod  
proce$s1 %e becomes m & m fad$  9 h]    
bill1 eye lids1 e> lobes1 & %anks4      
,consequ5tly1 if "s (  y\r birds h a    
fad$ appe>ance1 don't condemn !m1 !y are
 !  h>de/ work]s 9 y\r flock4           
,fur!rmore1 ! h5 ) worn toe-nails  is "o
 t %\ld be kept1 because ?is %[s u q    
cle>ly t  %e uses !m consid]ably 9      
scrat*+ = h] fe$4    ,n[ let u exam9e ! 
anatomy ( ! h5 a little m closely s t   
we c get "s m evid5ce = or aga9/ ! h5 9 
"q4 ,"o  ( ! mo/ common ways1 n[adays1 9
 pick+ out ! lay+ h5 is to  exam9e :at  
is kn[n z ! pelvic bones4 ,^! are f\nd  
on ei!r  side ( ! v5t1 t[>ds ! re> ( !  
body4 ,!y are g5]ally  call$ ! lay bones
 by mo/ p\ltry m54 ,!y bo? mean ! same4 
,n[ ^! bones tell a vivid /ory4 ,^!     
bones are usually measur$  by ! f+]s1 or

 z to h[ _m f+]s c be ins]t$ betwe5 !   
two bones4 ,a poor lay] w h a ?ick1     
grizzly cov]+ ( meat  ov] ! lay1 or     
pelvic bones1 & j ab\t ! wid? ( "o f+]  
c be ins]t$ betwe5 !m4 ,?is %[s u       
quickly t %e is n  a lay]4 ,!n1 lets    
comp>e ?is poor lay] to ! good lay]4 ,"h
  we f9d some?+ diff]5t4 ,!re is j a    
slight cov]+ ov] !  pelvic bones4 ,!    
meat is ?9 & sp>e4 ,if we feel ( !      
bones1 we  f9d !m q ?9 & pliable4 ,we   
next try to ins]t z _m f+]s  betwe5 !   
two bones z possible4 ,we w f9d t we c  
ins]t at  lea/ two f+]s1 & probably     
?ree1 if our f+]s are n too wide4  ,!   
heavi] ! h5 is lay+1 ! wid] ! di/ance   
betwe5 ! bones4    ,n[1 :ile we h !     
bird1 let u look a little fur!r into ?is
  bird's con=mation4 ,! keel bone1 or   
re> end ( ! brea/ bone1 c  be us$ z "o  
unit1 & ! lay bones z ! o!r unit (      
measure4  ,see h[ _m f+]s y c get betwe5
 ! lay bones & ! keel  bone4 ,ev5 = a   
small bre$ y %\ld easily get 9 ! wid? ( 
?ree f+]s1 & = a l>g] bre$ y %\ld get 9 

! wid? (  f\r f+]s4 ,?is measures ! h5's
 capacity = fe$4    ,?is di/ance betwe5 
! lay bones & ! keel bone is call$ !    
abdom54 ,we c tell consid]able ab\t ! h5
 by ! texture ( !  abdom5 sk94 ,if ! sk9
 is t\gh1 & meaty1 we c say "r away  t  
%e is n a good h51 b if ! sk9 is t5d]1  
pliable1 &  s(t1 !n we c feel assur$ t  
%e mu/ be kept 9 ! flock4    ,^! are !  
pr9cipal features 9 select+ ! lay+ h54  
,if  "o c get ^! pr9ciples 9 m9d1 & g   
out into 8 flock &  sep>ate ! h5s into  
two flocks1 & keep ^! two flocks ap>t = 
a :ile1 he w\ld discov] "s int]e/+ ?+s4 
,= in/ance1 cull  out ! poor h5s & put  
!m 9 "o p54 ,possibly y w h !  l>ge/ p51
 :5 y h f9i%$1 compos$ ( ! poor lay]s4  
,keep  ! good h5s 9 ano!r p5 sep>at$ f !
 poor ones4 ,keep fe$+  ! same fe$s z y 
_h be5 do+ be=e y sep>at$ ! flock  into 
two p5s4 ,n[1 = a few weeks1 comp>e !   
daily egg record (  ! two flocks4 ,y w  
f9d t !re is ab\t z mu* diff]5ce  z     
betwe5 night & day4 ,n[1 to br+ ! lesson
 home a little m  =ceful1 j figure out  

:at x co/s y p] day to keep ^! />       
bo>d]s1 & see if y ?9k cull+ is a pay+  
proposition4 ,mo/  e agricultural       
college has a bullet9 pr9t$ on cull+    
giv+  ess5tially ! same in=mation z ,i h
 giv51 b !y usually h  q a few          
illu/rations t w make ! proc$ure a      
little m  cle>] ?an ,i h done4          
,,*apt] ,,xv4    ,,pres]v+ ,,eggs ,,=   
,,w9t]      ,x 0 deem$ advisable to add 
a few words 9 ?is little booklet 9      
reg>d to collect+ eggs :5 !y are *eap1 &
 /or+ !m away  = ! "p ( ! ye> :5 eggs   
are high pric$4 ,dur+ ! mon?s  ( ,m>*1  
,april1 ,may1 & ,june eggs are ! *eape/ 
on ! m>ket1  due to ! fact t ! birds are
 all lay+ dur+ ^! few mon?s1  &         
consequ5tly1 ! supply f> exce$s ! av]age
 dem&4 ,if we  pay fifte5 c5ts = a doz5 
( eggs 9 ,april1 or ,may1 & !n 9        
,decemb] we pay sixty c5ts or m = ! same
 product1 !n x c  easily be se5 t x is a
 pay+ proposition to /ore "s ( ^!  *eap 
spr+ eggs = w9t] use4 ,we w n[ take up !
 me?od (  /or+ ^! spr+ eggs = our       

,decemb] breakfa/4    ,to make ?is      
process ab\t #ajj p] c5t effici5t1 x is 
be/ to c&le  ! eggs fir/1 be=e /or+ !m  
away4 ,?is process ( c&l+ has  be5      
expla9$ 9 a previ\s *apt]4 ,if ! air    
cell1 at ! blunt  end ( ! egg is small1 
!n we may be sure t ! egg is ( rec5t    
orig94 ,if ! cont5ts look cle>1 & ! yolk
 is n loose1 inside  ! %ell1 !n we ne$ h
 no fe>s z to ! edibility ( ! egg4  ,"o 
v good way1 = "o n accu/om$ to c&l+1 is 
to exam9e  a few 9 front ( ! light1 & !n
 break a few 9 a di%1 s z  to get !     
prop] relation fix$ 9 m9d4 ,if we c     
secure eggs t  are inf]tile1 we w n h to
 ?r[ out h>dly any eggs 9 ?is  process4 
,9 prep>+ to pres]ve our eggs = w9t]1   
!re are sev]al  me?ods us$ by p :o foll[
 ?is practice4 ,"s j pack !  eggs 9     
sawdu/ 9 a box or b>rel1 b ?is me?od is 
n always  reliable4 ,!re are two /&>d   
ways ( pres]v+ ^! eggs4 ,"o is  9 us+   
wat]glass1 & ! o!r is ! use ( lime wat] 
solution4  ,bo? me?ods are reliable1 b !
 fir/ nam$ me?od seems to be !  m popul>

 ( ! two4 ,9 ei!r case1 e>!n crocks or  
wood5 pails  are ! be/ conta9]s4 ,nei!r 
( ^! solutions affects !m4 ,a  ?ree     
gallon conta9] is l>ge en\gh to pres]ve 
t5 doz5 eggs4  ,= ?is siz$ conta9]1 ab\t
 six qu>ts ( ! solution w be  necess>y4 
,we w discuss ! wat]glass me?od fir/4   
,procure ! am\nt (  wat]glass t y w ne$ 
= ?is ye> at a drug /ore4 ,use ?is  at !
 rate ( "o p9t ( wat]glass to n9e p9ts (
 wat]4 ,be=e  mix+ ! two liquids1 boil !
 wat]1 & let x cool4 ,!n mix !  two     
liquids1 9 ! proportion /at$1 & place 9 
conta9]4 ,!n add  ! eggs1 7ab\t t5 doz5 
to ?is mixture71 & /ore 9 a cool place4 
,be sure t !re is ab\t two or ?ree in*es
 ( ! solution above  ! eggs1 & add a    
little wat] occasionally to replace !   
wat] lo/  by evaporation4    ,! lime    
solution is mix$ a little diff]5tly4    
,slack ab\t two p\nds  ( quick lime 9 a 
small quantity ( hot wat]4 ,aft] ?is has
 slack$1  add x to ab\t two gallons (   
wat]1 & !n add "o p\nd ( salt4  ,/ir ?is
 9 a ?or\gh mann]1 & !n all[ ! mixture  

to settle4  ,!re w !n be f\nd a s$im5t 9
 ! bottom ( ! solution4 ,p\r  (f ! cle> 
liquid1 & use ?is z ! pres]vative       
mat]ial4 ,!n  keep ! same z directions  
giv5 = ! wat]glass prep>ation4 ,9  ?is  
mann]1 "o c h table eggs ! ye> r\nd at a
 reasonable  price4          ,,*apt]    
,,xvi4    ,,sell+ ,,! ,,product      ,we
 h discuss$ ! ma9 po9ts to be consid]$ 9
 rais+ v>i\s  p\ltry products 9 ?is     
little booklet4 ,h[ev]1 mu* ( our       
success  9 ! p\ltry bus9ess w dep5d on  
our ability to obta9 ! top  prices = our
 products aft] we h rais$ !m4 ,9 fact1  
?is is  ! cry all ov] ! c\ntry n[ among 
! f>m+ population4 ,!  v>i\s            
agricultural ag5cies t h h]et(ore sp5t  
consid]able  "t & ef=t 9 tea*+ ! f>m] to
 raise a l>ge quantity (  good products1
 h app>5tly accompli%$ ?is result1 & n[ 
^!  same ag5cies are try+ to organize ! 
f>m]s into sell+ _!  products s t !y c  
receive a high] price = !m4    ,! f>m]  
usually has no "t to devote to ! special
 m>ket+ (  8 crop1 z he is too busy     

rais+ f>m products1 s attempts at       
co-op]ative m>ket+ h be5 made4 ,!re h   
be5 _m failures  9 ?is me?od 9 ! pa/1 b 
n[ ! f>m] realizes t ?is  sy/em is      
really 8 only salvation1 & he is receiv+
 ! idea (  co-op]ation 9 a bett] mood   
?an he did 9 ! pa/4 ,h[ev]1 =  ! "o liv+
 9 t[n1 ) b a small flock ( birds1 m "t 
c usually be devot$ to ?is end ( !      
bus9ess1 ) spl5did  returns4 ,_m t[n lot
 p\ltry keep]s c sell all ! eggs t !y  c
 get j ar\nd to _! neighbors1 :o are    
usually glad to pay a  little m ?an !   
m>ket price = ! assurance t ! eggs are  
/rictly fre%4 ,h[ev]1 if "o has a fairly
 good yield ( w9t] eggs1  & is n cont5t 
to sell ! eggs to 8 neighbors at ar\nd  
m>ket  price1 !re are o!r me?ods t c br+
 mu* high] returns4    ,"s p\ltry rais]s
 get 9 t\* ) local or neighbor+ hotels &
  re/aurants1 & agree to let ^! p>ties h
 _! entire output  ( eggs at a c]ta9    
m>g9 above m>ket price4 ,= in/ance1 x is
  a common me?od to make an agreem5t )  
su* p>ties to sell !m  _! eggs at t5    

c5ts above m>ket prices4 ,if ! m>ket    
quotations  = fre% eggs 7 ?irty-two c5ts
 = a c]ta9 day1 ! hotel  keep] w\ld pay 
=ty-two c5ts1 if ! eggs 7 deliv]$ on ?is
  day4 ,usually1 ! re/aurant or hotel is
 glad to pay ?is premium ov]  ! m>ket   
price1 because he takes q a *ance ) /ore
 eggs1 9  t "s ( !m are (t5 /ale1 & ?is 
is a matt] t reflects  aga9/ 8 bus9ess4 
,also1 if su* an agreem5t c be made1 !  
hotel  or re/aurant man c adv]tise !    
fact t he s]ves no?+ b  fre% eggs1 :i*  
is good bus9ess = him4    ,:5 "o is     
gett+ a big yield daily1 he c usually   
plan to sell  8 eggs by ! case to city  
commission m51 :o w always pay a  good  
premium ov] local m>kets4 ,if "o has n  
en\gh eggs to sell a  case once or twice
 weekly 9 su* a mann]1 ?is difficulty is
 (t5  ov]come by comb9+ ) neighbors :o  
are will+ to take ! prop]  c>e 9 produc+
 clean1 fre% eggs = m>ket4 ,h[ev]1 su*  
neighbors  mu/ be 9 sympa?y ) :at is    
expect$ = fre% eggs1 & :o h  ! c\rage to
 refra9 f putt+ 9 eggs t are n clean &  

fre%4 ,if "o case is s5t 9 to ^!        
commission m5 & ! quality  ( ! eggs is n
 ( fir/ class1 q a dockage w be d$uct$  
f ! *eck1 & y\r reputation w !reby      
suff]4 ,nev] wa%  eggs t are soil$1 b   
use !m 9 y\r own kit*51 z ! wa%+  w     
remove ! natural bloom1 or f9e p[d] t is
 f\nd on !  unt\*$ egg4 ,"o c secure    
clean eggs by keep+ ! b$d+ 9 !  ne/s    
clean4    ,!re is always a spl5did      
opportunity to sell hat*+ eggs 9 !  spr+
 ( ! ye>1 if "o has _h ! =esight to get 
/>t$ 9  purebr$ p\ltry4 ,!re is always a
 l>ge dem& = hat*+ eggs  & mo/ hat*]ies 
c n fill _! ord]s4 ,= ! "o engag$ 9  !  
p\ltry bus9ess1 ev5 on a small scale1   
?is (f]s a spl5did  opportunity1        
especially :5 eggs are sell+ *eap on !  
m>ket1 z  !y d 9 ! spr+ ( ! ye>1 to     
divide ! mature birds up into  small p5s
 ( ab\t t5 females to "o good male bird1
 & sell ^!  eggs at any:]e f #a4ej a    
sett+ to z mu* z y c get4 ,!  high] !   
quality ( ! /ock1 ! m money "o c dem& = 
su*  hat*+ eggs4    ,!n !re is ano!r    

good s\rce ( rev5ue f sell+ adult birds 
= bre$+ purposes4 ,if y\r flock is      
compos$ ( good individuals1  y %\ld     
exp]i5ce little difficulty 9 sell+ y\r  
surplus  birds f #e up4 ,a little well  
plann$ adv]tis+ is (t5 a good  ?+ to d1 
to let p "k :at y h got = sale4 ,(t5 an 
adv]tisem5t 9 ! local pap]1 or a rural  
weekly w br+ 9 _m  inquiries 9 reg>d to 
! birds or eggs t y h to sell4          
,probably a *eap] way ( adv]tis+1 if y  
really h good birds1  is to %[ a p51    
consi/+ ( f\r females & "o male1 at "s (
  ! neighbor+ p\ltry %[s4 ,if y c succe$
 9 w9n+ a premium1  ?is w be a spl5did  
factor 9 y\r ef=ts 9 sell+ bre$+  /ock4 
,x is usually p]missible to place a     
little c>d on ! outside  ( y\r p5 at !  
p\ltry %[1 giv+ y\r "n & address1 &     
/at+ t y h bre$+ /ock = sale1 or t y are
 n[  tak+ ord]s = hat*+ eggs 9 ! spr+4  
,,*apt] ,,xvii4    ,,9 ,,conclusion     
,i h tri$ to expla9 9 ?is little booklet
 t !re is a spl5did  opportunity = "o to
 engage 9 ! p\ltry indu/ry1 :e!r x be   

on a l>ge scale1 or a small scale4 ,!re 
is consid]able pleasure z  well z pr(it 
9 ?is "w1 = ! "o t is po/$ on a few ( ! 
ess5tial pr9ciples1 z has be5 laid d[n 9
 ?is %ort treatise4 ,x  w probably be   
well to repeat a few facts t %\ld be    
rememb]$  fir/1 h[ev]1 be=e clos+4    ,d
 n expect to make a great am\nt ( money 
f y\r p\ltry !  fir/ ye>4 ,gett+ />t$ "r
 9 ! p\ltry bus9ess w co/  some?+1 s = !
 fir/ ye>1 if y j break ev5 y w  d well4
 ,plan to le>n z y g along4 ,e p\ltry   
rais] %\ld  take at lea/ "o p\ltry      
j\rnal1 to keep po/$ on ! late/ facts   
conc]n+ ! bus9ess4 ,^! j\rnals always   
c>ry a great am\nt (  adv]tis+ matt] 9  
reg>d to /ock = bre$+ & 9 reg>d to      
p\ltry h\se equipm5t1 etc4 ,_m useful   
ideas c be secur$ f  pretty ne> e issue 
( a /&>d pap]4    ,get acqua9t$ ) ! o!r 
p\ltry p 9 y\r own locality4 ,?is  is   
especially true 9 reg>d to ^? :o h !    
same bre$ t y  h4 ,if y\r locality boa/s
 ( a p\ltry association1 become a memb] 
( ?is association4 ,y c !n get mu*      

valuable in=mation 9  reg>d to y\r      
bus9ess4    ,get 9 t\* ) y\r /ate       
agricultural college1 & especially )  ! 
p\ltry dep>tm5t4 ,write to !m & ask !m  
to s5d y all  ! bullet9s t !y h publi%$ 
on p\ltry1 & tell !m to  place y on _!  
mail+ li/1 s t any future bullet9s t  !y
 may publi% w be s5t y free ( *>ge4 ,!n 
! ,u4 ,s4 ,dept4  ( ,agriculture has _m 
excell5t bullet9s on diff]5t bran*es  ( 
! p\ltry indu/ry t are wor? s5d+ =4 ,x  
is locat$  at ,wa%+ton1 ,d4 ,c4 ,ano!r  
spl5did ?+1 if y c succe$ 9  int]e/+    
o!rs 9 y\r community1 w\ld be to s5d to 
! ,motion  ,picture ,lab41 ,u4 ,s4      
,dept4 ( ,agriculture1 ,wa%41 ,d4 ,c41 &
 h !m  s5d y _! film on cull+1 entitl$1 
8,select ! ,lay+ ,h540 ,x  c]ta9ly br+s 
out 9 a spl5did mann]1 j h[ to cull y\r 
flock4  ,mo/ any mov+ picture h\se w\ld 
be glad to run ?is reel free (  *>ge4 ,!
 only exp5se ( secur+ ?is film is !     
transportation  *>ges f ,wa%+ton1 ,d4   
,c41 to y\r home t[n4    ,) ^! p>t+     
words on ! bett]m5t ( y\r flock1 rememb]

 t  p\ltry "w has its ups & d[ns1 l any 
o!r bus9ess4 ,h[ev]1  = "o will+ to in=m
 himself on ! bus9ess1 a v pleasurable  
& pr(itable exp]i5ce may be anticipat$4 
,,bibliography      ,! books li/$ bel[  
are 9 clo? b9d+ & c be secur$ f         
,haldeman-,julius ,company1 ,clo?b\nd   
,book ,dep>tm5t1 ,gir>d1 ,kansas4  ,!   
prices quot$ include c>riage *>ges4     
,success ,) ,h5s1 ,rob]t ,joos4 ,clo?4  
#a4ce po/paid4    ,my ,p\ltry ,day by   
,day1 ,alfr$ ,gibson4 ,clo?4 #c4ae      
po/paid4    ,int]national ,p\ltryman's  
,h&book4 ,clo?4 ,illu/rat$4 #a4aj       
po/paid4    ,anatomy ( ! ,f[l1 ,kaupp4  
,clo?4 ,illu/rat$4 #c4fe po/paid4       
,p\ltry ,culture1 ,hygi5e & ,sanitation1
 ,kaupp4 ,clo?4 ,illu/rat$4  #c4ae      
po/paid4    ,mat+ & ,bre$+ ( ,p\ltry1   
,lamon  ,slocum4 ,clo?4 #b4fe po/paid4  
,transcrib]'s ,notes      pg #h ,*ang$3 
cont5t h]self to set on a ne/ ( eggs    
to3 cont5t h]self to sit on a ne/ ( eggs
      pg #bb ,*ang$3 f ! c5t] to !      
outside1 & vica v]sa               to3 f

 ! c5t] to ! outside1 & vice v]sa       
pg #bd ,*ang$3 ,!re are seval diff]5t   
sizes               to3 ,!re are sev]al 
diff]5t sizes      pg #bd ,*ang$3 ,!    
manufacturors ( ! incubator             
to3 ,! manufactur]s ( ! incubator       
pg #be ,*ang$3 by spr+l+ wat] on ! floor
               to3 by spr9kl+ wat] on ! 
floor      pg #cc ,*ang$3 gre5 f$ ( any 
k9d c be add$               to3 gre5 fe$
 ( any k9d c be add$      pg #ee ,*ang$3
 ,x 0 ?\gh t ! sun%9e               to3 
,x 0 ?\ght t ! sun%9e      pg #fi       
,*ang$3 & dead sk9 z x peals (f         
to3 & dead sk9 z x peels (f